bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hardware for cell culture electrical impedance tomography: A critical review
Authors: Morcelles K. F. , Bertemes-Filho P. 
Published: October 2021

Human cell cultures are powerful laboratory tools for biological models of diseases, drug development, and tissue engineering. However, the success of biological experiments often depends on real-time monitoring of the culture state. Conventional culture evaluation methods consist of end-point laborious techniques, not capable of real-time operation and not suitable for three-dimensional cultures. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique with high potential to be used in cell culture monitoring due to its biocompatibility, non-invasiveness, high temporal resolution, compact hardware, automatic operation, and high throughput. This review approaches the different hardware strategies for cell culture EIT that are presented in the literature, discussing the main components of the measurement system: excitation circuit, voltage/current sensing, switching stage, signal specifications, electrode configurations, measurement protocols, and calibration strategies. The different approaches are qualitatively discussed and compared, and design guidelines are proposed.
Nonlinear transmission line implemented as a combined pulse forming line and high-power microwave source
Authors: Fairbanks Andrew J. , Crawford Travis D. , Garner Allen L. 
Published: October 2021

Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) are typically driven by pulse forming lines (PFLs) or Marx generators to generate high repetition rate, high power microwaves (HPMs) with fewer auxiliary systems than conventional sources. This paper reports the development of an even more compact HPM system that utilizes a composite-based hybrid NLTL as the PFL and HPM generator in a single device. We designed the following three different combinations of nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) and barium strontium titanate (BST) inclusion volume loads in a polydimethylsiloxane host material to provide magnetic field dependent permeability and electric field dependent permittivity, respectively: 25% NZF, 10% BST/15% NZF, and 15% BST/10% NZF. By constructing the NLTL in a coaxial geometry, this device uses the capacitance and length of the NLTL to generate a fast rise-time high voltage pulse with microwave oscillations that occurred both during and after the pulse after exceeding a threshold charging voltage. The output frequency of the NLTLs ranged from 950 MHz to 2.2 GHz during the pulse for all volume loadings and was 1 GHz after the pulse for the 10% BST/15% NZF and 15% BST/10% NZF volume loadings. The oscillations generated after the pulse were much higher in amplitude and achieved 160 kW at a 15 kV charging voltage for the 15% BST/10% NZF composite-based NLTL.
Compact generators of high-power fast-rising pulses with closing switches in the form of reversely switched dynistors
Authors: Korotkov S. V. , Zhmodikov A. L. 
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of a study of reversely switched dynistors (RSDs) with an operating voltage of 2.3 kV and a structure diameter of 12 mm in an unconventional mode, when they commutate current pulses with very short durations (a few microseconds). In this mode, we studied the dependence of the switching energy loss on the amount of charge that passes through the RSDs during the flow of the control current, which is reversed with respect to the main current. It is shown that a sufficiently powerful control action will result in the RSDs under study having a very low energy loss and being able to effectively commutate microsecond current pulses with an amplitude of &gt;10 kA. It is found that if a rise time of the commutated current pulses is less than 200 ns, the efficiency of the RSD switching significantly decreases. The results concerning the use of the RSDs under study in high-voltage generators are presented. The generators are able to commutate a pulsed power of tens of MW in less than 1 µs at a repetition rate of hundreds of Hz. Finally, this paper suggests ways to increase the power of generators.
Unusual suppression of tungsten 5d electron depletion in superhard tungsten tetraboride solid solution with chromium under compression
Authors: Li Haijing , Gong Yu , Guo Zhiying , Dong Zheng , Liao Jiangwen , Tao Qiang , Dong Juncai , Chen Dongliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The lattice compressibility and deformation in superhard tungsten tetraboride (WB4) solid solution with chromium (Cr) are investigated by high-pressure x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy up to 54 GPa. In contrast to pure WB4, the c-axis softening is effectively suppressed in W0.9Cr0.1B4, and less compressibility is shown for the a- and c-axes in the entire pressure range. Meanwhile, the white-line peak of W L3-edge XAFS in W0.9Cr0.1B4 shows an absence of the sudden intensity drop as previously observed in WB4 at ∼21 GPa, suggesting a strong inhibition of W 5d electron depletion. This phenomenon is followed by an initial increase and then decrease for the W–B bond disorder, with the magnitude greatly lower than that of WB4. Besides the apparent atomic size mismatch effect, these results imply that addition of Cr, which has the same number of valence electrons as W, can introduce an unexpected electronic structure change to strengthen the W-B bond via a modification of W vacancies and B trimers distribution in WB4 lattice. Our findings point out the great significance to precise manipulation of the intrinsic W vacancies and B trimers through different solute atoms to rational optimization of WB4 hardness.
Simultaneous measurements of velocity, gas concentration, and temperature by way of thermal-anemometry-based probes
Authors: Hewes Alaïs , Mydlarski Laurent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many natural and engineering flows transport more than one scalar. Moreover, to study the scalar mixing therein, knowledge of the velocity field is also essential. For this reason, the present work describes the development of a three-wire thermal-anemometry-based probe to simultaneously measure velocity, helium concentration, and temperature in turbulent flows. It is first demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that the temperature measured by a cold-wire thermometer is effectively insensitive to helium concentration. Then, building on recent work by Hewes and Mydlarski (2021 Meas. Sci. Technol.
32 105305), which pertains to the design of interference probes (i.e. thermal-anemometry-based probes used to measure velocity and gas concentration), a novel temperature compensation technique is proposed to extend their use to non-isothermal flows. The performance of the compensation technique is validated in turbulent coaxial jets by combining the cold-wire thermometer and interference probe to form a three-wire probe. Given that the three-wire probe can be employed to obtain simultaneous measurements of velocity and multiple scalars, it can therefore be used investigate phenomena such as multi-scalar mixing, including differential diffusion.
Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for underdamped dynamics driven by time-dependent protocols
Authors: Kwon Chulan , Lee Hyun Keun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for overdamped dynamics has recently been derived for general time-dependent protocols. However, its precedent TUR for underdamped dynamics has not been known yet. Even for the case of steady states, a proper way to match underdamped and overdamped TURs has not been found. We derive the TUR for underdamped systems subject to general time-dependent protocols, that covers steady states, by using the celebrating Cramér–Rao inequality. We show the resultant TUR to give rise to the inequality for the product of the variance and entropy production. We prove it to approach to the known overdamped result for large viscosity limit. It is the eventual step to pursue the TUR for Langevin systems. We present three examples to confirm our rigorous result.
Displacement Analysis Due To Time History Load Case Study Building C And D Itera
Authors: Apriwelni Siska , Yudi Ahmad , Tilameo Thio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Geologically Indonesia is located on the confluence of three major tectonic plates, namely Indo-Australia, the Eurasian plate, the Pacific plate as well as a micro-plate, namely micro-Plate Philippines. The above conditions with Indonesia being one of the countries that suffers earthquakes either tectonic or volcanic. A case study of building C and D ITERA is an adjacent building, then from that researchers want to discuss about the displacement that occurred at the confluence of the structure. The purpose of this research is to know the value of displacement i.e. inter-story drifts maximum displacement, and the junction between the building happens in the meeting structure building C and D ITERA when given dynamic load time history and to know the minimum distance between buildings so as not to occur collisions (pounding effect). Dynamic analysis for earthquake resistant building design important completed because a more accurate for evaluation against the response structure due to earthquake loads. Earthquake load (time history) used is The Loma Prieta, The Northridge, The Kobe, The Trinidad, and The Hollister has in matching with response spectrum design area of building C and D ITERA.
Effectiveness of Using Dormitory Rooms Based on The Capacity and Functional Performance of Users (Case Study: Male and Female Student Dormitory, Institut Teknologi Sumatra)
Authors: Kustiani  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dormitory facilities are essential accommodation facility that facilitated by universities that have a large number of students. The room’s level of effectiveness in a dormitory can be measured by the number of rooms, especially those that are private, such as bedrooms. Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), with many new students enrolled every year, must accommodate hundreds of students, especially those who come from outside the city. Due to the large number of students, the university management provided a solution to accommodate three people in one room. It gives various perceptions amongst the users about the effectiveness of space and its effect on user functional performance. This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness in using room space and its effect on individual learning performance. This study compares male and female dormitories based on the assessment aspect of several user perception variables. The method used in this research is based on the results of questionnaires distributed to students with aspects of assessment including privacy, territory, crowdedness, and adaptability. This study’s results are a parameter of space effectiveness based on space capacity and its effect on student learning performance. This finding is expected to become a reference for dormitory facilities to facilitate better.
The Comparison of RGB 564 and RGB 573 Band Composite of Landsat 8 for Mangrove Vegetation Distribution Identification on Pahawang Island, Lampung
Authors: Dwiputra Mohammad Ashari , Mustofa Adib 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Remote sensing technology has been widely used for the identification of natural resources in the coastal and marine areas. Visual interpretation method (photo-interpretation) of Landsat 8 OLI satellite image data is one of the common methods for classifying mangrove vegetation areas, especially in the coastal area, since this methods is less expensive compared to the conventional methods of field measurement. However, in its technical process, it needs a combination of several satellite imagery bands to produce optimal colour images as a reference for delineating mangrove and non-mangrove areas. This study was aimed to identify mangrove cover areas and its distribution in Pahawang island, Lampung using visual interpretation method. In this study, RGB 564 and RGB 573 composites were utilized. We compared both RGB to find the most suitable composite for identifying mangrove distribution. Composites Landsat 8 OLI satellite image data produced a red-black mangrove distribution that requires bands with visible wavelengths (bands 2.3 and 4); bands with near-infrared (NIR) (bands 5); and short-wave infrared (SWIR) (bands 6 and 7). The results showed that 564-composite type produced optimal colour images to facilitate the process of interpreting the distribution of mangrove vegetation. In addition, our study revealed the total distribution area of mangrove vegetation in Pahawang Island is 51.3 Ha with the most significant area located in the western part of Pahawang Island at 39 Ha. The mapping accuracy test of the 564-composites type was 86.6% while the 573-composites type was 47.5%. This indicated that the 564-composites type likely provides more reliable mangrove vegetation distribution information.
Simard’s Fire Spread Model of Peatland in Kalimantan
Authors: Muid A. , Aminah N. S. , Budiman M. , Djamal M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Peatland fires in Indonesia have become a serious problem because they cause huge losses. Geographical factors of peatlands in the Kalimantan contribute to the difficullty of conventional fire fighting. The current solution is water bombing using a helicopter. Water bombing is expensive and has a high risk for the safety of fire fighters/helicopter crew so must be done with the correct calculation to fire position so that firefighting can work effectively and efficiently. Therefore, mathematical calculation of the fire position is very important. The position of the fire can be determined by knowing the rate of spread of the fire (Rate of Spread / ROS). In this study aims to calculate the rate of fire in peatlands along the Trans Kalimantan road between Palangka Raya and Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan using the simard’s model. Land surface temperature (LST) data were obtained from the TERRA MODIS satellite which was downloaded from the website https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/index.php. The results of the calculations for the five triangles obtained that the ROS are 0.03m/s, 0.04m/s, 0.04m/s, 0.04m/s and 0.03m/s for R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 respectively. The average of ROS is 0.037m/s with a direction of 32.57 degrees.
A Fuzzy Decision in Volcano Warning System Forecast
Authors: Ichwanda A. S. , Irham H. , Permanasari Ikah N. P. , Evita M. , Srigutomo W. , Meilano I. , Setiawan A. , Suryanto W. , Wahyudi  , Suyanto I. , Darmawan H. , Yasin M. , Apsari R. , Irzaman  , Perdinan  , Putra H. , Aminah N. S. , Djamal M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The volcanic warning system in Indonesia is divided into four levels namely normal, waspada, siaga and awas. Based on the setting above, a study is needed to design a volcanic activity forecast system using temperature sensors, SO2, CO2 concentration, as well as vibration. The formulation of determining the conditions of volcanic activity is carried out by using fuzzy logic. Volcanic activity measurements are carried out in real time and continuously. Fuzzy logic has been used in the process of determining alert level of volcanic activity based on measured parameters. There are 53 fuzzy rules to determine volcano activity. Best predictions come from the combination of all sensors into a volcano monitoring and forecast system.
Revitalization of Traditional Games as a Tool for Contextual Education on Disasters (Case Study: Mount Krakatau)
Authors: Nur Muhammad Hajid An , Wisnu Wijaya PG 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Disaster education for children as part of disaster mitigation needs to be done from an early age. This process can be done in different ways and with different mediums, one of which is educational games. Through this medium, information on geological characteristics, disaster effects, and other complex disaster-related information can be condensed so children can understand it easily. Also, the use of game-based learning media can improve the quality of learning experience to make it more enjoyable. One potential solution is to revitalize traditional game designs. Traditional games have been used to pass on certain skills, knowledge, and values to children. Hypothetically, this revitalization has several advantages; 1) traditional games have a simple play system so that they are easy for children to learn and can also be easily modified by designers; 2) have cultural and sentimental values for parents; 3) use of local identities can help distinguish Geosite Krakatau from others in a national or global context; 4) Indonesia has many traditional games that can be developed into a variety of new and contextual designs rooted on locality.
This research aims to revitalize traditional games as a disaster-related educational medium for children, especially those related to the Anak Krakatau. So far, the research process conducted in 2 stages, 1) Data collection (recent studies on the Krakatau and various types of traditional games in the Lampung area); 2) Design process (using the ATUMICS tradition revitalization method) and making mock-ups. The design proposed is proof of concept that the use of the traditional game in disaster-related education can be both beneficial in terms of education and cultural preservation.
Study Index Properties of Soil from Geotechnical Test in their Relation to Landslide
Authors: Permanasari Ikah N. P. , Ekysta Wita , Ipmawan Vico L. , Darmawan M.Y. , Siregar Rahmatnawi , Singarimbun Alamta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There are many methods in assessing landslide, one of them is examine the properties of soil. In this research measured several test on soil sample i.e. unit weight, Moisture content, Hydrometer test. The unit weight test yields a value ? is 13.63kN/m3, water content value is 4.51%. Furthermore, the sieve analysis test and hydrometer analysis were carried out to determine the type of soil in the study area, namely little sandy silt. The combination of a steep slope with the type of material that makes up the slope makes the slope prone to landslides. Creep often occur in the slope, which are caused by vibrations from vehicles at the foot of the slope. This condition will make the slope even more unstable because the geometry of the slope will become steeper.
Feasibility study on joint tomography of refraction and reflection seismic waves for geotechnical purposes: a preliminary result
Authors: Firdaus Ruhul , Ekawati Gestin Mey , Suhendi Cahli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many developing regions are subject to infrastructure magnification thus green-sustainable infrastructure has always been a relevant concern for most regulators and engineers. In order to support better urban planning, civil engineering operations, and environmental studies, an ample supply of information regarding the neighbouring environment is a must. This includes the information from the Earth’s subsurface, particularly the mechanical properties of soil and rock, on which the planning or action is executed. Complementarily, geophysical measurements utilizing the active seismic method can effectively provide an accurate approximation of the properties. This method includes generating seismic waves using the non-invasive artificial seismic source which then be collected on the Earth’s surface by a number of detectors called geophones. The recorded seismic waves bring information about the medium through which they propagate. They can provide the mechanical properties of the medium after applying some sequences of data interpretation techniques. Conventionally, this is done using only one type of seismic wave, either the refracted or reflected waves. In this study, we build a new procedure incorporating these two types of seismic waves to refine the inferred model. The result shows a promising improvement of the P-wave velocity model in terms of its resolution.
Rural Agri-Food Industry Resilience in Indonesia
Authors: Rochman Gina Puspitasari , Indratno Imam , Agustina Ina Helena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The agri-food industry faces shocks to global and local socio-economic conditions. They are micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) that absorbed a lot of labor during the Indonesian economic crisis and stood for decades. This industry may provide safety nets, especially for low-income communities carrying out productive economic activities in rural. Therefore, this study examines the extent of the agri-food industry’s resilience in rural areas by focusing on industrial and business structures and labor market conditions factors. This study used a case study approach through in-depth interviews with business owners. The rural agri-food industry made adaptations and innovations in production and financial management to resilience. This strategy raises the difference in its market segment. The difference in company size reduces local competition also. On the one hand, the management and control capabilities of family firms and the kinship or historical relationship between company owners and workers tend to increase this industry’s resilience. On the other hand, this industry has attached to local values and culture, making the demand for this agrifood-industrial product stable. The labor profile does not require high qualifications and is also dominated by housewives, and the flexibility of time and wages of the agri-food industry may suit rural conditions so that it can survive. In this regard, the proximity of locations between companies and between companies and workers is important for this industry’s resilience. Although the MSMEs scale agri-food industry is vulnerable, it could survive and recover as a driving force for the household economy in rural. Lessons and strategies are also presented for entrepreneurs and policymakers to increase the resilience of the agri-food industry.
Cultural Aspects and the Sustainability of the Tasikmadu Sugar Factory as an Industrial Living Heritage in Java
Authors: Nugroho Purwanto Setyo , Yuliastuti Nany , Rukayah Siti 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adipati Mangkunegara IV founded the Tasikmadu Sugar Factory in the Karanganyar region, Central Java, in 1871 and is still active today. The Tasikmadu sugar factory is an essential industrial heritage in Java because it is the first modern sugar factory in the Javanese kingdom that still survives its function. The existence of a sugar factory in the Javanese kingdom initiated the interaction between Javanese agrarian feudal culture and modern capitalism culture at that time. This paper aims to identify what cultural elements are present in Praja Mangkunegaran’s sugar factory environment. The cultural interactions in the sugar factory environment are then viewed from the system setting which consists of aspects of actors, activities, and places through a qualitative descriptive historical approach. The findings from the aspect of actors indicate central figures who are culturally very influential on the sugar factory production system. The activity aspect findings show that there are ritual activities in the production process that are culturally important because they are considered to determine the success of all activities in the sugar factory. The aspects of actors and activities are in line with findings from the aspect of the place, which show that rational considerations in factory buildings’ structure are related to the sacred-profane conception that is believed by the Javanese people. These cultural aspects play a role in supporting the sustainability of the Praja Mangkunegaran sugar factory.