bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential metric dimension for random graphs
Authors: Ódor Gergely , Thiran Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the localization game on a graph, the goal is to find a fixed but unknown target node$v^\star$with the least number of distance queries possible. In thejth step of the game, the player queries a single node$v_j$and receives, as an answer to their query, the distance between the nodes$v_j$and$v^\star$. The sequential metric dimension (SMD) is the minimal number of queries that the player needs to guess the target with absolute certainty, no matter where the target is.The term SMD originates from the related notion of metric dimension (MD), which can be defined the same way as the SMD except that the player’s queries are non-adaptive. In this work we extend the results of Bollobás, Mitsche, and Prałat [4] on the MD of Erdős–Rényi graphs to the SMD. We find that, in connected Erdős–Rényi graphs, the MD and the SMD are a constant factor apart. For the lower bound we present a clean analysis by combining tools developed for the MD and a novel coupling argument. For the upper bound we show that a strategy that greedily minimizes the number of candidate targets in each step uses asymptotically optimal queries in Erdős–Rényi graphs. Connections with source localization, binary search on graphs, and the birthday problem are discussed.
On the finiteness and tails of perpetuities under a Lamperti–Kiu MAP
Authors: Alili Larbi , Woodford David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsider a Lamperti–Kiu Markov additive process $(J, \xi)$ on $\{+, -\}\times\mathbb R\cup \{-\infty\}$, where J is the modulating Markov chain component. First we study the finiteness of the exponential functional and then consider its moments and tail asymptotics under Cramér’s condition. In the strong subexponential case we determine the subexponential tails of the exponential functional under some further assumptions.
HTP-COMPLETE RINGS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Authors: MILLER RUSSELL 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor a ring R, Hilbert’s Tenth Problem
$HTP(R)$
is the set of polynomial equations over R, in several variables, with solutions in R. We view
$HTP$
as an enumeration operator, mapping each set W of prime numbers to
$HTP(\mathbb {Z}[W^{-1}])$
, which is naturally viewed as a set of polynomials in
$\mathbb {Z}[X_1,X_2,\ldots ]$
. It is known that for almost all W, the jump
$W'$
does not
$1$
-reduce to
$HTP(R_W)$
. In contrast, we show that every Turing degree contains a set W for which such a
$1$
-reduction does hold: these W are said to be HTP-complete. Continuing, we derive additional results regarding the impossibility that a decision procedure for
$W'$
from
$HTP(\mathbb {Z}[W^{-1}])$
can succeed uniformly on a set of measure
$1$
, and regarding the consequences for the boundary sets of the
$HTP$
operator in case
$\mathbb {Z}$
has an existential definition in
$\mathbb {Q}$
.
NEW RELATIONS AND SEPARATIONS OF CONJECTURES ABOUT INCOMPLETENESS IN THE FINITE DOMAIN
Authors: KHANIKI ERFAN 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn [20] Krajíček and Pudlák discovered connections between problems in computational complexity and the lengths of first-order proofs of finite consistency statements. Later Pudlák [25] studied more statements that connect provability with computational complexity and conjectured that they are true. All these conjectures are at least as strong as
$\mathsf {P}\neq \mathsf {NP}$
[23–25].One of the problems concerning these conjectures is to find out how tightly they are connected with statements about computational complexity classes. Results of this kind had been proved in [20, 22].In this paper, we generalize and strengthen these results. Another question that we address concerns the dependence between these conjectures. We construct two oracles that enable us to answer questions about relativized separations asked in [19, 25] (i.e., for the pairs of conjectures mentioned in the questions, we construct oracles such that one conjecture from the pair is true in the relativized world and the other is false and vice versa). We also show several new connections between the studied conjectures. In particular, we show that the relation between the finite reflection principle and proof systems for existentially quantified Boolean formulas is similar to the one for finite consistency statements and proof systems for non-quantified propositional tautologies.
DO POOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS DRIVE TRACHOMA TRANSMISSION IN BURUNDI? A MATHEMATICAL MODELLING STUDY
Authors: NDISABIYE D. , WATERS E. K. , GORE R. , SIDHU H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrachoma is an infectious disease and it is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. To achieve its elimination, the World Health Organization set a goal of reducing the prevalence in endemic areas to less than
$5$
% by 2020, utilizing the SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement) strategy. However, in Burundi, trachoma prevalences of greater than
$5$
% are still reported in 11 districts and it is hypothesized that this is due to the poor implementation of the environmental improvement factor of the SAFE strategy. In this paper, a model based on an ordinary differential equation, which includes an environmental transmission component, is developed and analysed. The model is calibrated to recent field data and is used to estimate the reductions in trachoma that would have occurred if adequate environmental improvements were implemented in Burundi. Given the assumptions in the model, it is clear that environmental improvement should be considered as a key component of the SAFE strategy and, hence, it is crucial for eliminating trachoma in Burundi.
Introduction to special issue on institutional influences on retirement, health and well-being
Authors: Knapp David , Lee Jinkook 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCountries make differing policy choices. They can serve as a scientific laboratory for drawing lessons on the policy paths to follow or to avoid and the consequences of those institutional choices on individuals at older ages. In this special issue we bring together six articles that evaluate the influence of institutions on retirement decisions, health and well-being of older adults using common data that have emerged with the international network of health and retirement studies to study key life outcomes such as health, work, and lifecycle transitions at older ages.
Tracking and Controlling the Spatiotemporal Spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 Lineage B.1.1.7 in COVID‐19 Reopenings
Authors: Tong Chengzhuo , Shi Wenzhong , Zhang Anshu , Shi Zhicheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding why or how the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants has occurred and how to control them is crucial as regards the potential of global reopening. To explore and further understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of the B.1.1.7 spread in the 368 districts of Taiwan, a district‐level geographic prediction model of the risk of COVID‐19 symptom onset has been proposed. It has been found that, (a) the human mobility, epidemic alert measures, and vaccination rates all played an important role in the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of B.1.1.7 transmission; (b) for regions with high human mobility and low vaccination rates, the partial relaxation of entry quarantine measures for specific imported groups would, in fact, lead to a wide spread of B.1.1.7 with a consequent doubling of high‐onset‐risk areas and together with the overall onset risk, a further increase of more than 20% would occur; (c) compared with the closing of business places and public venues in all districts, both lockdown in those areas of high‐onset‐risk and the gathered control effects regarding other districts, the control of B.1.1.7 spread would be better enabled by an onset risk reduction of up to 91.36%. Additionally, an increase in the vaccination rate in each district by up to 5–10 times would further reduce the onset risk by 6.07%–62.22%.
The Limpopo Magma‐Rich Transform Margin, South Mozambique – 2: Implications for the Gondwana Breakup
Authors: Roche V. , Leroy S. , Guillocheau F. , Revillon S. , Ruffet G. , Watremez L. , d’Acremont E. , Nonn C. , Vetel W. , Despinois F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rifted continental margins of Mozambique provide excellent examples of continental passive margins with a significant structural variability associated with magmatism and inheritance. Despite accumulated knowledge, the tectonic structure and nature of the crust beneath the South Mozambique Coastal Plain (SMCP) are still poorly known. This study interprets high‐resolution seismic reflection data paired with data from industry‐drilled wells and proposes a structural model of the Limpopo transform margin in a magma‐rich context. Results indicate that the Limpopo transform margin is characterized by an ocean‐continent transition that links the Beira‐High and Natal valley margin segments and represents the western limit of the continental crust, separating continental volcano‐sedimentary infilled grabens from the oceanic crust domain. These basins result from the emplacement of the Karoo Supergroup during a Permo‐Triassic tectonic event, followed by an Early Jurassic tectonic and magmatic event. This latter led to the establishment of steady‐state seafloor spreading at ca.156 Ma along the SMCP. A Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous event corresponds to formation of the Limpopo transform fault zone. Which accommodated the SSE‐ward displacement of Antarctica with respect to Africa. We define a new type of margin: the magma‐rich transform margin, characterized by the presence of voluminous magmatic extrusion and intrusion coincident with the formation and evolution of the transform margin. The Limpopo transform fault zone consists of several syn‐transfer and ‐transform faults rather than a single transform fault. The intense magmatic activity was associated primarily with mantle dynamics, which controlled the large‐scale differential subsidence along the transform margin.
Highly efficient and simultaneous catalytic reduction of multiple toxic dyes and nitrophenols waste water using highly active bimetallic PdO–NiO nanocomposite
Authors: Ramu A. G. , Choi Dongjin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAzo dyes and nitrophenols have been widely used in the various industry which are highly toxic and affecting the photosynthetic cycle of aquatic organism. The industry disposals increase the accumulation of azo compounds in the environment. In the present study, we synthesized the low cost, PdO-doped NiO hetero-mixture via simple hydrothermal combined calcination process. The morphology results proved that, the spherical PdO nanoparticles are evenly doped with NiO nanoparticles. The band gap values of metal oxides NiO, PdO and PdO–NiO composite were found to be 4.05 eV, 3.84 eV and 4.24 eV, respectively. The high optical bandgap (Eg) value for composite suggests that the PdO interface and NiO interface are closely combined in the composite. The catalytic activity of the PdO–NiO was analyzed for the reduction of different toxic azo compounds namely, 4-nitrophenol (NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) separately and their mixture with the presence of a NaBH4. For the first time, the large volume of the toxic azo compounds was reduced into non-toxic compounds with high reduction rate. The proposed PdO–NiO catalyst exhibit excellent rate constant 0.1667, 0.0997, 0.0686 min−1 for NP, DNP and TNT and 0.099, 0.0416 and 0.0896 min−1 for MB, RhB and MO dyes respectively which is higher rate constant than the previously reported catalysts. Mainly, PdO–NiO completes the reduction of mixture of azo compounds within 8 min. Further, PdO–NiO exhibit stable reduction rate of azo compounds over five cycles with no significant loss. Hence, the proposed low cost and high efficient PdO–NiO catalyst could be the promising catalyst for degradation of azo compounds.
Suppressing measurement uncertainty in an inhomogeneous spin star system
Authors: Haddadi Saeed , Ghominejad Mehrdad , Akhound Ahmad , Pourkarimi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe uncertainty principle is known as a foundational element of quantum theory, providing a striking lower bound to quantify our prediction for the measured result of two incompatible observables. In this work, we study the thermal evolution of the entropic uncertainty bound in the presence of quantum memory for an inhomogeneous four-qubit spin-star system that is in the thermal regime. Intriguingly, our results show that the entropic uncertainty bound can be controlled and suppressed by adjusting the inhomogeneity parameter of the system.
MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe3O4/water) using galerkin finite element analysis
Authors: Al-Kouz Wael , Aissa Abderrahmane , Koulali Aimad , Jamshed Wasim , Moria Hazim , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Mourad Abed , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Khashan M. Motawi , Yahia I. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe3O4) hybrid nanofluid is reported. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the cavity are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Th and Tc, respectively. The governing equations obtained with the Boussinesq approximation are solved using Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Impact of Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction (ϕ), and Heated-wall length effect are presented. Outputs are illustrated in forms of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The impact of multiple parameters namely Rayleigh number, Darcy number, on entropy generation rate was analyzed and discussed in post-processing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes.
Acute surgical site infection after total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis
Authors: Chung Ho-Ken , Wen Shu-Hui , Chang Wei-Chuan , Liu Kuan-Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis is the main cause for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), followed by rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies have reported conflicting results concerning the risk of surgical site infection after TKA for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether rheumatoid arthritis patients had a higher risk of acute surgical site infection after TKA compared to osteoarthritis patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database of the whole population from 2012 to 2015, and collected the medical records of osteoarthritis patients or rheumatoid arthritis patients who underwent TKA. To evaluate the risk of acute surgical site infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients, propensity score matching was implemented for osteoarthritis patients. Acute surgical site infection was observed in 2.58% of TKA cases in rheumatoid arthritis patients and 2.66% of TKA cases in osteoarthritis patients. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients had comparable risk for 90-day (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.371–1.768) and 1-year (odds ratio = 0.463, 95% confidence interval: 0.121–1.766) surgical site infection. In conclusion, patients with rheumatoid arthritis were not at higher risk of acute surgical site infection after TKA compared to osteoarthritis patients. The current treatment strategy for patients with RA is safe and appropriate if they require TKA.
Fungal canker agents in apple production hubs of Iran
Authors: Nourian Abbas , Salehi Mina , Safaie Naser , Khelghatibana Fatemeh , Abdollahzadeh Jafar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo identify apple canker casual agents and evaluate their pathogenicity and virulence in apple production hubs including West Azarbaijan, Isfahan and Tehran provinces; samples were collected from symptomatic apple trees. Pathogenic isolates on the detached branches were identified as Cytospora cincta, Diplodia bulgarica, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Eutypa cf. lata. E. cf. lata was reported as a potential apple canker causal agent in Iran for the first time based on the pathogenicity test on the detached branches, whereas it caused no canker symptoms in apple trees until 6 months after inoculation. Currently, E. cf. lata seems to be adapted to a single city. C. cincta, D. bulgarica and N. dimidiatum caused canker symptoms in apple trees. “C. cincta” and also “C. cincta and N. dimidiatum” were the most widespread and aggressive apple canker species, respectively, associated with apple canker in Iran. Therefore, they are considered to be the main threat to apple production in Iran and should be carefully monitored. Disease progress curve, area under the disease progress curve and optimum temperatures were determined for mentioned species. It is concluded that the establishment of each species occurs in appropriate areas and times in terms of the optimum temperature for their growth.
Amorphous NiCoB-coupled MAPbI3 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jiang Lanxuan , Guo Yanmei , Qi Shaopeng , Zhang Ke , Chen Jinxi , Lou Yongbing , Zhao Yixin 
Published: November 2021

A stable and efficient NiCoB/MAPbI3 photocatalyst was synthesized via a facile ultrasonic electrostatic self-assembly method, which exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic HER activity and stability.
Dividing and setting strategy of improving calculation efficiency for needle electrode corona discharge with a large‐scale space
Authors: Li Dingchen , Li Chuan , Li Jiawei , Wang Pengyu , Liu Zhi , Yang Wendi , Zhang Ming , Yang Yong , Yu Kexun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeedle electrodes are widely used in the research of corona discharge. Aiming at the problem of needle electrode discharge in a large‐scale space (tens or even hundreds of centimetres), a hybrid model was proposed in the previous work. However, its indispensable multiple iterations result in huge computation and further limit its wide applications. Therefore, a strategy to improve the computing efficiency by setting initial values in different computational domains is put forward in this work. Three types of setting initial values (global constant, partition constant and partition exponent) are simulated and compared in detail. The calculation results show that the calculation efficiency can be increased by 1.4 times simply through setting initial values of charged particles as different constants for the divided subdomains, and further be improved by 4.3 times by setting those in the ionization region as an exponential distribution. The extension of the proposed strategy has also been discussed under various voltages, which shows that the results under other voltages can be quickly obtained based on the fitted coefficients under a specific voltage, and the improvement can reach up to 10 times. The accuracy of calculated results has been demonstrated by a needle‐plate electrode device with a vertical distance of 25 cm. This research provides an effective strategy for improving the computing efficiency of corona discharge in a large‐scale space, and implies the potential in optimizing the analyses of complex electrodes.
Continuum reverberation mapping of the quasar PG 2130+099
Authors: Fian C. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Sobrino Figaredo C. , Catalan S. , Lewis T. 
Published: November 2021

Aims. We present the results of an intensive six-month optical continuum reverberation mapping campaign of the Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 2130+099 at redshift z = 0.063. The ground-based photometric monitoring was conducted on a daily basis with the robotic 46 cm telescope of the WISE observatory located in Israel. Specially designed narrowband filters were used to observe the central engine of the active galactic nucleus (AGN), avoiding line contamination from the broad-line region (BLR). We aim to measure inter-band continuum time lags across the optical range and determine the size-wavelength relation for this system.
Methods. We used two methods, the traditional point-spread function photometry and the recently developed proper image subtraction technique, to independently perform the extraction of the continuum light curves. The inter-band time lags are measured with several methods, including the interpolated cross-correlation function, the z-transformed discrete correlation function, a von Neumann estimator, JAVELIN (in spectroscopic mode), and MICA.
Results. PG 2130+099 displays correlated variability across the optical range, and we successfully detect significant time lags of up to ∼3 days between the multiband light curves. We find that the wavelength-dependent lags, τ(λ), generally follow the relation τ(λ)∝λ4/3, as expected for the temperature radial profile T ∝ R−3/4 of an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disk. Despite that, the derived time lags can also be fitted by τ(λ)∝λ2, implying the possibility of a slim, rather than thin, accretion disk. Using the flux variation gradient method, we determined the AGN’s host-galaxy-subtracted rest frame 5100 Å luminosity at the time of our monitoring campaign with an uncertainty of ∼18% (λL5100 = (2.40 ± 0.42)×1044 erg s−1). While a continuum reprocessing model can fit the data reasonably well, our derived disk sizes are a factor of ∼2 − 6 larger than the theoretical disk sizes predicted from the AGN luminosity estimate of PG 2130+099. This result is in agreement with previous studies of AGN/quasars and suggests that the standard Shakura-Sunyaev disk theory has limitations in describing AGN accretion disks.
Formation age of the Rima Sharp sinuous rill on the Moon, source of the returned Chang’e-5 samples
Authors: Xu Luyuan , Qiao Le 
Published: November 2021

Context.In December 2020, China’s Chang’e-5 spacecraft successfully returned 1731 g of lunar samples to Earth. Rima Sharp, one of the longest sinuous rilles on the Moon, lies very near (<20 km) to the Chang’e-5 sampling site and is very likely to be the source of the returned samples. Constraining its formation age would provide key references for the ongoing sample analyses.Aims.Our intent is to obtain the accurate formation ages of Rima Sharp and related lunar rilles through crater population studies and to assess their implications for the Chang’e-5 sample analyses and interpretations.Methods.We utilized two separate techniques to measure and analyze craters that were formed after the formation of the studied sinuous rilles: the conventional crater statistics for the rille floors and the buffered crater statistics that are specialized in the dating of narrow linear features. We were able to carefully compare the results derived from the two methods and estimate the formation ages of these rilles.Results.We suggest that the buffered crater statistic method produces more reliable ages for the studies rilles than the conventional method. The formation sequence of sinuous rilles around the Chang’e-5 site is proposed as follows, in chronological order: Rimae Harpalus, Louville, Sharp, and Mairan. The basalt samples returned by Chang’e-5 are likely to have mainly been sourced from Rima Sharp, with an estimated age of ~1.7 Ga based on the craterN(1) value (spatial density of craters ±1 km in diameter) of (2.10 ± 0.20) × 10−3km−2and the new crater chronology function (CF). The other, younger rille, Rima Mairan, which was formed ~1.0 Ga (N(1) = (1.17 ± 0.20) × 10−3km−2and with the same CF), may also contribute to the basaltic deposits at the landing site. These crater count statistics and dating results can be coordinated with the radio-isotopic age of Chang’e-5 samples for a recalibration of lunar impact flux and the crater population dating method.