bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Biosynthesis of Myxofacyclines: Unique Myxobacterial Polyketides Featuring Varing and Rare Heterocycles[]**
Authors: Popoff Alexander , Hug Joachim J. , Walesch Sebastian , Garcia Ronald , Keller Lena , Müller Rolf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA metabolome‐guided screening approach in the novel myxobacterium Corallococcus sp. MCy9072 resulted in the isolation of the unprecedented natural product myxofacycline A, which features a rare isoxazole substructure. Identification and genomic investigation of additional producers alongside targeted gene inactivation experiments and heterologous expression of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster in the host Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 confirmed a noncanonical megaenzyme complex as the biosynthetic origin of myxofacycline A. Induced expression of the respective genes led to significantly increased production titers enabling the identification of six further members of the myxofacycline natural product family. Whereas myxofacyclines A–D display an isoxazole substructure, intriguingly myxofacyclines E and F were found to contain 4‐pyrimidinole, a heterocycle unprecedented in natural products. Lastly, myxofacycline G features another rare 1,2‐dihydropyrol‐3‐one moiety. In addition to a full structure elucidation, we report the underlying biosynthetic machinery and present a rationale for the formation of all myxofacyclines. Unexpectedly, an extraordinary polyketide synthase‐nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid was found to produce all three types of heterocycle in these natural products.
Alkyne Aminopalladation/Heck and Suzuki Cascades: An Approach to Tetrasubstituted Enamines
Authors: Geffers Finn J. , Kurth Florens R. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlkyne aminopalladation reactions starting from tosylamides are reported. The emerging vinylic Pd species are converted either in an intramolecular Heck reaction with olefinic units or in an intermolecular Suzuki reaction by using boronic acids exhibiting broad functional group tolerance. Tetra(hetero)substituted tosylated enamines are obtained in a simple one‐pot process.
Focus on a teacher training workshop: lowcost experiments on different fuel cell types for use in chemistry classes
Authors: Grandrath Rebecca , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn dem Beitrag wird eine erprobte Lehrkräftefortbildung im Workshop‐Format zu verschiedenen Brennstoffzelltypen für den Einsatz im Chemieunterricht vorgestellt. Neben der Charakterisierung anhand von Kerngedanken zur Planung werden insbesondere die strukturbildenden Low‐Cost‐Experimente aufgezeigt, die in unserem Arbeitskreis (weiter‐)entwickelt worden sind. Da sämtliche Begleitmaterialien kostenfrei zum Download bereitstehen, besteht das Angebot, die Inhalte im Distanzlernen zu erarbeiten und Rückfragen via E‐Mail zu stellen.
Dispositional hope as a potential outcome parameter among patients with advanced malignancy: An analysis of the ENABLE database
Authors: Corn Benjamin W. , Feldman David B. , Hull Jay G. , O’Rourke Mark A. , Bakitas Marie A. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHopefulness, whether inherently present (dispositional hope) or augmented (by enhancement techniques), may affect outcomes. This study was performed to determine the association of dispositional hope with survival among patients diagnosed with advanced cancer.MethodsData from ENABLE (Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends), a palliative care intervention, were reanalyzed to determine the association of higher dispositional hope and patient survival. This was a secondary analysis of data combined from the ENABLE II and ENABLE III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with respect to dispositional hope and survival. A dispositional hope index was created from 3 hope items from 2 validated baseline questionnaires. Dispositional hope and survival data were collected during the 2 RCTs. In ENABLE II, participants were randomly assigned to the ENABLE intervention or to usual care. In ENABLE III, participants were randomly assigned to receive the intervention immediately or 12 weeks after enrollment.ResultsIn all, 529 persons were included in Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to model the effects of dispositional hope on survival. An initial analysis without covariates yielded a significant effect of hope (Wald statistic, 8.649; hazard ratio, 0.941; confidence interval, 0.904‐0.980;P= .003), such that higher dispositional hope was associated with longer survival. In a subsequent analysis that included all covariates, the effect of dispositional hope approached statistical significance (Wald statistic, 2.96; hazard ratio, 0.933; confidence interval, 0.863‐1.010;P= .085).ConclusionsHigher levels of dispositional hope were associated with longer survival in patients with advanced cancer. Prospective trials are needed to determine the effects of dispositional and augmented hope on the outcomes of patients with advanced cancer.
The impact of our fight
Authors: Palacios M. Sebastián Andrés , Palacios M. María Gabriela , Palacios B. Rafael Francisco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe association of parents of children and adolescents with cancer (APNACC), is a nongovernmental organization law institution, with legal status, nonprofit and social aid, whose mission, vision and objectives is to ensure the rights of the children and adolescents so that they are not violated, in addition to guiding and directing parents who enter this world of childhood and adolescent cancer, because we believe that addressing in time saves lives and optimizes resources. Through this article, it is intended to describe the impact that APNACC has had on this cause, the fight against childhood and adolescent cancer; from achieving a state law for free care for catastrophic and orphan or rare diseases, to obtaining approval of a basic list of medications.
A systematic review of big data in energy analytics using energy computing techniques
Authors: Dhanalakshmi J. , Ayyanathan N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn big data and machine learning, energy analytics has shown rapid development in the past decade. With this development in energy analytics, the energy data has exponentially increased well in different areas and domains. Energy computing techniques have been used in various domains, particularly in energy data to handle the data analysis process. This paper focuses on explaining the concept and evolution of various research questions formulation, data extraction, quality valuation, search strategy, study selection and reporting the results in energy‐oriented domains to evaluate energy‐computing techniques. The thermal power plant, power system and smart grid datasets were highly used out of plenty of other datasets discussed and the ANN algorithm is most commonly used to classify the dataset. Different sets of algorithms are used for data analysis, classification, converting structured data to unstructured data, regression, visualization, and forecasting. Journal publications from the year 2012 to 2020 have reviewed and adopted a systematic approach to identify the findings of all relevant research methodologies in the defined research domain.
Stereoregular Polymerization of Acyclic Terpenes
Authors: Lamparelli David Hermann , Winnacker Malte , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe growing environmental pollution and the expected depleting of fossil resources have sparked interest in recent years for polymers obtained from monomers originating from renewable sources. Furthermore, nature can provide a variety of building blocks with special structural features (e. g. side groups or stereo‐elements) that cannot be obtained so easily via fossil‐based pathways. In this context, terpenes are widespread natural compounds coming from non‐food crops, present in a large variety of structures, and ready to use as monomers with or without further modifications. The present review aims to provide an overview of how chemists can stereospecifically polymerize terpenes, particularly the acyclic ones like myrcene, ocimene, and farnesene, using different metal catalyst systems in coordination‐insertion polymerization. Attention is also paid to their copolymers, which have recently been disclosed, and to the possible applications of these bio‐based materials in various industrial sectors such as in the field of elastomers. © 2021 The Authors. ChemPlusChem published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non‐Commercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
A Single Catalyst for Promoting Reverse Processes: Synthesis and Chemical Degradation of Polylactide
Authors: Santulli Federica , Lamberti Marina , Mazzeo Mina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA simple zinc catalyst showing high activity for both the synthesis of polylactide, a biodegradable polymer produced from renewable feedstock, and its degradation was described. In the ring‐opening polymerization of lactides, the zinc catalyst showed one of the highest activities reported in the literature for reactions carried out in solution at room temperature. This excellent performance was preserved even when the process was performed under industrial conditions: at high temperature, in the absence of solvent, and by using a low catalyst loading with unpurified monomers. The same complex revealed high efficiency also in depolymerization of polylactide by alcoholysis, a process that occurred efficiently at room temperature and in the absence of solvent, conditions that reduce costs and guarantee low environmental impact.
How much is enough? Sampling intensity influences estimates of reproductive variance in an introduced population
Authors: McLennan Elspeth A. , Belov Katherine , Hogg Carolyn J. , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConservation introductions to islands and fenced enclosures are increasing as in situ mitigations fail to keep pace with population declines. Few studies consider the potential loss of genetic diversity and increased inbreeding if released individuals breed disproportionately. As funding is limited and post‐release monitoring expensive for conservation programs, understanding how sampling effort influences estimates of reproductive variance is useful. To investigate this relationship, we used a well‐studied population of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) introduced to Maria Island, Tasmania, Australia. Pedigree reconstruction based on molecular data revealed high variance in number of offspring per breeder and high proportions of unsuccessful individuals. Computational subsampling of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of observed offspring resulted in inaccurate estimates of reproductive variance compared to the pedigree reconstructed with all sampled individuals. With decreased sampling effort, the proportion of inferred unsuccessful individuals was overestimated and the variance in number of offspring per breeder was underestimated. To accurately estimate reproductive variance, we recommend sampling as many individuals as logistically possible during the early stages of population establishment. Further, we recommend careful selection of colonizing individuals as they may be disproportionately represented in subsequent generations. Within the conservation management context, our results highlight important considerations for sample collection and post‐release monitoring during population establishment.
Post‐restoration grassland management overrides the effects of restoration methods in propagule‐rich landscapes
Authors: Tölgyesi Csaba , Vadász Csaba , Kun Róbert , Csathó András István , Bátori Zoltán , Hábenczyus Alida , Erdős László , Török Péter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrassland restoration is gaining momentum worldwide to tackle the loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Restoration methods and their effects on ecological community reassembly have been extensively studied across various grassland types, while the importance of post‐restoration management has so far received less attention. Grassland management is an important surrogate for natural disturbances, with which most ancient grasslands have coevolved. Thus, without the reintroduction of management‐related disturbance, restoration targets are unlikely to be achieved in restored grasslands. In this study, we aimed to explore how 20 yr of management by mowing once a year or light cattle grazing affects restoration success in Palearctic meadow‐steppe grasslands restored by either sowing native grasses (sown sites), applying Medicago sativa as a nurse plant (Medicago sites), or allowing spontaneous succession (spontaneous sites). We found that, following mowing, sown sites maintained long‐lasting establishment limitation, while Medicago sites experienced a delay in succession. These limitations resulted in low total and target species richness, low functional redundancy, and distinct species and functional composition compared to reference data from ancient grasslands. Spontaneous sites that were mowed reached a more advanced successional stage, although they did not reach reference levels regarding most vegetation descriptors. Sown and Medicago sites that were grazed had higher total and target species richness than those that were mowed, and showed restoration success similar to that of spontaneous sites, on which grazing had only moderate further positive effects. Grazed sites, irrespective of the restoration method, were uniformly species rich, functionally diverse, and functionally redundant, and thus became important biodiverse habitats with considerable resilience. We conclude that an optimally chosen post‐restoration management may have an impact on long‐term community reassembly comparable to the choice of restoration method. Restoration planners may, therefore, need to put more emphasis on future management than on the initial restoration method. However, our findings also imply that if local constraints, such as potentially high invasive propagule pressure, necessitate the application of restoration methods that could also hinder the establishment of target species, the long‐term recovery of the grassland can still be ensured by wisely chosen post‐restoration management.
Rapid enhancement of multiple ecosystem services following the restoration of a coastal foundation species
Authors: Beheshti Kathryn M. , Williams Susan L. , Boyer Katharyn E. , Endris Charlie , Clemons Annakate , Grimes Tracy , Wasson Kerstin , Hughes Brent B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global decline of marine foundation species (kelp forests, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses) has contributed to the degradation of the coastal zone and threatens the loss of critical ecosystem services and functions. Restoration of marine foundation species has had variable success, especially for seagrasses, where a majority of restoration efforts have failed. While most seagrass restorations track structural attributes over time, rarely do restorations assess the suite of ecological functions that may be affected by restoration. Here we report on the results of two small‐scale experimental seagrass restoration efforts in a central California estuary where we transplanted 117 0.25‐m2 plots (2,340 shoots) of the seagrass species Zostera marina. We quantified restoration success relative to persistent reference beds, and in comparison to unrestored, unvegetated areas. Within three years, our restored plots expanded ~8,500%, from a total initial area of 29 to 2,513 m2. The restored beds rapidly began to resemble the reference beds in (1) seagrass structural attributes (canopy height, shoot density, biomass), (2) ecological functions (macrofaunal species richness and abundance, epifaunal species richness, nursery function), and (3) biogeochemical functions (modulation of water quality). We also developed a multifunctionality index to assess cumulative functional performance, which revealed restored plots are intermediate between reference and unvegetated habitats, illustrating how rapidly multiple functions recovered over a short time period. Our comprehensive study is one of few published studies to quantify how seagrass restoration can enhance both biological and biogeochemical functions. Our study serves as a model for quantifying ecosystem services associated with the restoration of a foundation species and demonstrates the potential for rapid functional recovery that can be achieved through targeted restoration of fast‐growing foundation species under suitable conditions.
Variation in resting strategies across trophic levels and habitats in mammals
Authors: Shukla Ishana , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Beltran Roxanne S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMammals must carefully balance rest with other behaviors that influence fitness (e.g., foraging, finding a mate) while minimizing predation risk. However, factors influencing resting strategies and the degree to which resting strategies are driven by the activities of predators and/or prey remain largely unknown. Our goal was to examine how mammalian resting strategies varied with trophic level, body mass, and habitat. We reviewed findings from 127 publications and classified the resting strategies of terrestrial and aquatic mammalian species into three categories: social (e.g., resting in groups), temporal (e.g., resting during the day), or spatial (e.g., resting in burrows). Temporal strategies were most common (54% of cases), but the prevalence of strategies varied with body mass and among trophic levels. Specifically, lower trophic levels and smaller species such as rodents and lagomorphs used more spatial and social resting strategies, whereas top predators and larger species used mostly temporal resting strategies. Resting strategies also varied among habitat types (e.g., rainforest vs. grassland), but this was primarily because closely related species shared both habitats and resting strategies. Human presence also affected resting strategies at all trophic levels but most strongly influenced top predators through shifts in rest timing. Human‐induced behavioral changes in rest patterns cascade to modify behaviors across multiple trophic levels. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of natural history and ecology in wild animals and provide a roadmap for future comparative studies.
Association of iron deficiency with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Rübsamen Nicole , Ojeda Francisco M. , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Söderberg Stefan , Söderberg Maja , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Njølstad Inger , Kee Frank , Linneberg Allan , Kuulasmaa Kari , Tarja Palosaari , Salomaa Veikko , Blankenberg Stefan , Zeller Tanja , Karakas Mahir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough absolute (AID) and functional iron deficiency (FID) are known risk factors for patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease, their relevance for the general population is unknown. The aim was to assess the association between AID/FID with incident CV disease and mortality in the general population.Methods and resultsIn 12 164 individuals from three European population‐based cohorts, AID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or as ferritin < 30 μg/L (severe AID), and FID was defined as ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100–299 μg/L and transferrin saturation < 20%. The association between iron deficiency and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), CV mortality, and all‐cause mortality was evaluated by Cox regression models. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated. Median age was 59 (45–68) years; 45.2% were male. AID, severe AID, and FID were prevalent in 60.0%, 16.4%, and 64.3% of individuals. AID was associated with CHD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.39, P = 0.01], but not with mortality. Severe AID was associated with all‐cause mortality (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.46, P < 0.01), but not with CV mortality/CHD. FID was associated with CHD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.43, P < 0.01), CV mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, P = 0.03), and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.24, P = 0.03). Overall, 5.4% of all deaths, 11.7% of all CV deaths, and 10.7% of CHD were attributable to FID.ConclusionsIn the general population, FID was highly prevalent, was associated with incident CHD, CV death, and all‐cause death, and had the highest PAF for these events, whereas AID was only associated with CHD and severe AID only with all‐cause mortality. This indicates that FID is a relevant risk factor for CV diseases in the general population.
Prognostic impact of follow‐up serum albumin after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Yoshioka Goro , Tanaka Atsushi , Nishihira Kensaku , Natsuaki Masahiro , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Watanabe Nozomi , Shibata Yoshisato , Node Koichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have suggested that low serum albumin (LSA) at admission for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with adverse in‐hospital outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LSA in the remote phase after AMI is prognostic for long‐term outcomes.Methods and resultsThis was a single‐centre, retrospective study of consecutive patients admitted for AMI from 2008 to 2016. Serum albumin concentrations were measured serially at admission and 1 year after discharge in Japanese patients. Occurrence of a composite of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death was the primary endpoint. The prognostic impact of remote LSA, defined as a serum albumin level < 3.8 g/dL at 1 year after discharge, was investigated with a multivariate‐adjusted Cox model. Among 1424 subjects analysed, 289 (20.3%) had LSA at admission, and 165 (11.6%) had LSA at 1 year after discharge. During follow‐up (median: 4.1 years), the primary endpoint occurred in 31/165 (18.8%) patients with remote LSA and 42/1259 (3.3%) patients without it [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 2.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32 to 5.72; P = 0.007]. The all‐cause death rate was 29.7% (49/165) in patients with remote LSA and 4.3% (54/1259) in patients without it (aHR, 4.02; 95% CI, 2.36 to 6.87; P < 0.001). The prognostic impact of remote LSA was consistent across albumin status in the acute phase of AMI.ConclusionsRegardless of albumin status in the acute phase of AMI, LSA in the remote phase after AMI was significantly associated with long‐term adverse outcomes.