bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The existence of cautious pedestrians might facilitate evacuation dynamics
Authors: Li Qiaoru , Zhang Longyin , Li Kun , Chen Liang , Li Runbin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHow to accurately simulate the real collective behavior of pedestrian evacuation remains an important issue in research of complex systems. The existing crowd simulation models in general assumed that pedestrians move directly towards the exit. In real life, however, there exist “cautious” pedestrians who fear trampling and crowding during evacuation, so we use an improved social force model to investigate how their presence influences evacuation dynamics. Simulation results reveal that the total evacuation time does not increase monotonically with the increment of the number of cautious pedestrians. Specifically, the presence of a moderate number of cautious pedestrians with rational psychological tolerance might substantially facilitate evacuation efficiency, compared with a conventional evacuation scenario. In addition, lower psychological tolerance promotes emergency evacuation, while increasing the tolerance threshold is conducive to slow evacuation. We hope that our research will provide some insights into the reasonable optimal strategies for emergency evacuation.
Convergent acoustic community structure in South Asian dry and wet grassland birds
Authors: Lahiri Sutirtha , Pathaw Nafisa A. , Krishnan Anand 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Although the study of bird acoustic communities has great potential in long-term monitoring and conservation, their assembly and dynamics remain poorly understood. Grassland habitats in South Asia comprise distinct biomes with unique avifauna, presenting an opportunity to address how community-level patterns in acoustic signal space arise. Similarity in signal space of different grassland bird assemblages may result from phylogenetic similarity, or because different bird groups partition the acoustic resource, resulting in convergent distributions in signal space. Here, we quantify the composition, signal space and phylogenetic diversity of bird acoustic communities from dry semiarid grasslands of northwest India and wet floodplain grasslands of northeast India, two major South Asian grassland biomes. We find that acoustic communities occupying these distinct biomes exhibit convergent, overdispersed distributions in signal space. However, dry grasslands exhibit higher phylogenetic diversity, and the two communities are not phylogenetically similar. The Sylvioidea encompasses half the species in the wet grassland acoustic community, with an expanded signal space compared to the dry grasslands. We therefore hypothesize that different clades colonizing grasslands partition the acoustic resource, resulting in convergent community structure across biomes. Many of these birds are threatened, and acoustic monitoring will support conservation measures in these imperiled, poorly-studied habitats.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Flavor classification and year prediction of Chinese Baijiu by time-resolved fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Ye , Gu Jiao , Ma Chaoqun , Wu Yamin , Li Lei , Zhu Chun , Gao Hui , Yang Zichen , Shang Yunpeng , Wang Chengwei , Chen Guoqing 
Published: May 2021

Baijiu is a traditional and popular Chinese liquor with enormous sale potential, which is affected by factors such as flavor and storage time. Chinese Baijiu is a complex and transparent mixture that makes analyzing difficult. The utility of time-resolved fluorescence helped to develop a new method to analyze Baijiu. Forty-two Baijiu samples among six brands with three flavors were prepared, and their fluorescence spectra were analyzed with an excitation light of 374.2 nm. Hexanoic acid and ethyl butyrate were found to have an impact on Baijiu fluorescence. The properties of lifetimes in Baijiu were investigated, and its mechanism was studied by calculations through density function theory. Using parameters of fluorescence lifetimes, Baijiu samples were classified according to their flavors. Additionally, the correlations between fluorescence lifetimes and storage time of Baijiu in Luzhou flavor were obtained, leading to a reliable and efficient method to establish the year forecast model of Chinese Baijiu with a mean error of 2.79 months. It also provides an important reference of the utility of time-resolved fluorescence for quantitative research of multi-component systems.
Depression, anxiety, and the COVID-19 pandemic: Severity of symptoms and associated factors among university students after the end of the movement lockdown
Authors: Woon Luke Sy-Cherng , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman , Sidi Hatta , Mansor Nor Shuhada , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims
This online cross-sectional study investigated the severity of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among university students and determined the association between various factors and the levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after the movement control order (MCO) was lifted.

Methods
A total of 316 participants were administered a self-report questionnaire that collected data on sociodemographic attributes, personal characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors, religious coping, and clinical characteristics. In addition, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were administered.

Results
Regarding depression, 15.5%, 11.7%, and 9.2% of the participants reported mild, moderate, and severe to extremely severe depression, respectively. For anxiety, 7.0%, 16.5%, and 13.2% of the respondents had mild, moderate, and severe to extremely severe anxiety, respectively. Moreover, 26.3% of participants had mild stress, 9.5% had moderate stress, and 6.6% had severe to extremely severe stress. The multiple linear regression model revealed that frustration because of loss of daily routine and study disruption and having preexisting medical, depressive, and anxiety disorders were associated with elevated depressive symptoms, while a greater degree of family and friends social support was associated with less depressive symptoms after adjusting for age, gender, and marital status. It was also found that frustration because of study disruption and having preexisting medical, depressive, and anxiety disorders were associated with elevated anxiety symptoms, while being enrolled in medicine-based courses and having a greater degree of family support were factors associated with less anxiety symptoms after adjusting for age, gender, and marital status.

Conclusion
There is a need to conduct a longitudinal study in the future to confirm the causal relationship between the significant predictive factors and depression and anxiety identified in this study, and maintenance of a persistent flow of academic activities and social interaction may be of utmost importance to safeguard the mental wellbeing of university students.
Evaluation of the anti-gout effect of Sonchus Arvensis on monosodium urate crystal-induced gout arthritis via anti-inflammatory action - an in vivo study
Authors: Parisa Nita , Hidayat Rachmat , Maritska Ziske , Prananjaya Bintang Arroyantri 
Published: May 2021

Background and aims. Sonchus arvensis is an Indonesian plant with strong therapeutic effects. Various studies have shown that this plant is useful in treating kidney stone disorders, and recent studies have shown that S. arvensis extract can reduce inflammation caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition in the synovial tissue . This study was aimed to explore the extract of Sonchus arvensis, via fractionation, to optimize the specific content of S. arvensis with anti-inflammatory potential in gout arthritis.
Methods. The study included 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain obtained from the Eureka Research Laboratory (Palembang, Indonesia) weighing between 200 - 250 grams. After one week of acclimatization, the rats were randomly divided into six groups, each group containing five animals; normal control group, monosodium urate group (negative control), colchicine group, hexane fraction of S. arvensis group, ethyl-acetate fraction of S. arvensis group and water fraction group. Before monosodium urate administration, rats in the colchicine group, as a positive control group, were given orally for seven days with 0.28 mg/kg/day colchicine. IL-1β levels in joint synovial fluid were examined with Rat ELISA interleukin-1β.
Results. S. arvensis water fraction showed the most significant reduction in inflammatory cells compared to the hexane or ethyl acetate fractions. The water fraction of S. arvensis group had an equal effect with positive control in reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovial tissue.
Conclusion. Sonchus arvensis water fraction has anti-gout effects in monosodium urate-induced gout arthritis in rats by decreasing the inflammatory response in the synovial joint.
The effects of a single dose of beta-alanine supplementation on the cardio-respiratory system of well-trained rowing athletes
Authors: Suszter L. , Szakály Zs. , Ihász F. , Nagy D. , Alföldi Z. , Bálint M. Veresné , Mák E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeIntensive exercise significantly lowers the pH of muscle and blood; beta-alanine supplementation can increase carnosine levels, the absence of which leads to an early acidosis and fatigue. The aim of our work is to investigate the effect of a single dose of beta-alanine supplementation on well-trained rowing athletes.Materials/MethodsThe spiroergometric parameters of the participants (n = 28) were examined a total of four times (T1,T2,T3,T4). After measurement (T3), participants received a beta-alanine supplementation at a dose of 50 mg/kg−1 body weight. We compared the results of the four measurements as well as the blood lactate values obtained from the fingertip before and after the tests.ResultsThe different load physiological parameters and the lactate values measured after the tests did not show any significant difference. The mean lactate value prior to test (T4) was 1.8 (mmol*L−1), which is significantly higher than the mean-value of the two previous studies: T1 = 1.6 (mmol*L−1); (P = 0.00), T3 = 1.55 (mmol*L−1); (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe higher lactate value measured before test (T4) was probably due to the longer time to return to the baseline values after the series load. In conclusion, a single dose of beta-alanine supplementation has no effect on performance. In order to elicit the ergogenic effect of beta-alanine, the use of short, intermittent diet therapy intervention is not recommended.
Comparison of adequacy of endometrial biopsy using endosampler and hysteroscope guided sampling
Authors: Zutshi Vijay , Saran Asmita , Ahluwalia Charanjeet 
Published: May 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to compare the tissue adequacy of endometrial biopsy obtained using hysteroscope guided biopsy and endosampler for histopathology.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathology, Medical College Hospital, New Delhi, India. Ninety patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to office hysteroscope guided biopsy followed by endometrial aspiration biopsy using endosampler in the same sitting. Labelling of samples was done as ‘A’ and ‘B’ and sent for histopathological examination in 10% formalin. Pathologist was blinded to the type of biopsy taken and samples were evaluated for tissue adequacy. The presence of even one intact endometrial gland with stroma was labelled as adequate endometrial biopsy sample by the pathologist.Results: The endometrial biopsy samples obtained by both methods were adequate in 35 patients (38.89%). On the other hand, there were 18 patients (20%) who had inadequate sampling results by both methods. Out of the remaining 37 patients, in 13 (14.44%) patient’s endometrial biopsy was adequate by hysteroscope guided biopsy and in 24 (26.67%) patients it was adequate using endometrial aspiration Individually, hysteroscope guided biopsies were found to have adequate results in 48 patients out of 90 (53.33%) while endosampler aspiration provided adequate biopsy results in 59 patients out of 90 (65.56%) after excluding the number of patients having inadequate reports. The difference between tissue adequacy of both devices was not statistically significant (p=0.129). A significant correlation was found between age (p<0.001), endometrial thickness on ultrasound (p<0.0001) and tissue adequacy by both methods.Conclusions: Endometrial biopsy obtained by hysteroscope guided method and endometrial aspiration was comparable in terms of tissue adequacy.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TECNOLOGIA DE PRODUÇÃO DE BEBIDA FERMENTADA DE LARANJA (CITRUS SINENSIS)
Authors: De Sá Pinto Patrícia , Hernandes Ogeda Cláudia 
Published: May 2021

A elaboração de bebidas fermentadas de frutas, como a de laranja (Citrus sinensis), vem a ser uma ótima alternativa para evitar o desperdício, além de poder gerar novos empregos e tecnologias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma tecnologia para produção de bebida fermentada utilizando suco de laranja. Para a metodologia foi utilizado um fermentador caseiro de plástico com capacidade para 18 L, equipado de airlock. O mosto foi obtido da extração de 15,5 L de suco a partir de 30 kg de laranjas maduras e sadias, utilizando-se um espremedor de frutas elétrico e, posteriormente, foi duplamente filtrado por meio de processo manual. Ao mosto foi adicionado bissulfito de sódio (0,15 g/L), bem como corrigido os sólidos solúveis totais (° Brix) e aferida a densidade inicial do mesmo. A levedura utilizada foi a Saccharomyces bayanus na proporção de 5 g em 14 L de mosto. Além do teor de açúcar, analisou-se, também, a acidez total titulável e a determinação do teor alcoólico do produto final. Para os testes de clarificação do fermentado, realizou-se a colagem utilizando ovoalbumina, bentonita, Whirfloc e gelatina sem sabor, seguida de trasfega. A última etapa do processo foi a inativação das leveduras através da pasteurização a 65 ºC. O fermentado de laranja elaborado neste trabalho, apresentou 9,3% de teor alcoólico e características, tanto físico-químicas quanto sensoriais, aceitáveis o suficiente para ser uma fonte de investimento, podendo ser comercializado e dando ênfase à ideia de agregar valor a uma matéria-prima por meio da elaboração de um produto inovador.
Palavras-chave: Reaproveitamento. Clarificação. Fruta.
Serum concentration of copeptin in newborns with congenital heart defect
Authors: Tarko Anna , Suchojad Anna , Kordyś Julia , Simonova Svetlana , Maruniak-Chudek Iwona 
Published: May 2021

WstępNoworodki z wrodzoną wadą serca (WWS) wymagają ostrożnej terapii płynami z uwagi na ryzyko wystąpienia niewydolności krążenia. Rutynowe badania laboratoryjne nie są optymalnym narzędziem w identyfikacji stanu przewodnienia i dlatego konieczne są poszukiwania nowych markerów. Kopeptyna (CTproAVP) może być jednym z nich. Celem pracy była analiza wpływu aktualnie obowiązującego protokołu nawadniania noworodków z WWS na homeostazę wolemii z wykorzystaniem CTproAVP.Materiał i metodyDo badania włączono 10 noworodków z WWS hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii noworodka przed zabiegiem kardiochirurgicznym. Cztery z nich prezentowały objawy niewydolności oddechowej, a wszystkie z wyjątkiem dwóch otrzymywały alprostadil. Postępowanie kliniczne było rutynowe, z wyjątkiem pomiaru CTproAVP w pierwszych pięciu dniach życia wraz z oceną osmolalności surowicy i moczu. Podaż płynów mieściła się w zakresach normy dla wieku. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 200 zdrowych donoszonych noworodków.WynikiAktualny protokół nawadniania nie powodował, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną, wzrostu stężenia osmolalności surowicy i moczu. Efektywna osmolalność analizowanych płynów ustrojowych była nawet niższa u noworodków z WWS. Również stężenie CTproAVP było niższe w grupie badanej, lecz różnica nie była istotna statystycznie. Nie obserwowano klinicznych objawów niewydolności krążenia lub przewodnienia. Nie zidentyfikowano czynników, które wyjaśniałyby zmienność w stężeniu CTproAVP.WnioskiWstępne wyniki sugerują, że aktualny protokół nawadniania nie powoduje odwodnienia ani nie stymuluje uwalniania CTproAVP. Wydaje się, że u noworodków z WWS i ryzykiem przeciążenia krążenia płucnego można za-stosować nawet bardziej restrykcyjny protokół nawadniania. Konieczna jest dłuższa obserwacja, z włączeniem okresu pooperacyjnego, aby otrzymać bardziej miarodajne dane na temat optymalnego nawodnienia i roli kopeptyny w monitorowaniu wolemii.
When 'Leadership' Means Acknowledging Others Might Know Better
Authors: Fletcher Gillian 
Published: May 2021

Humanitarian work in the early twenty-first-century is steeped in the rhetoric of ‘inclusion’ and ‘leave no one behind’. Yet, “too often it is the most vulnerable people and the people most in need [who] fall through the cracks” of humanitarian responses (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2018, p. 5).
This paper argues that humanitarian leadership is in need of a major paradigm shift: one requiring agencies to actually learn from people’s lived reality, rather than trying to fit that lived reality into pre-existing international systems and procedures. Humanitarians should reconsider tools that are not fit for purpose and reconsider ways of working that are built on a flawed logic of ‘vulnerability’ and ‘protection’. This paradigm shift is vital for ensuring that those “most vulnerable people”, the most marginalised and excluded, are at the forefront of humanitarian (and development) thinking.
(International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) 2018, ‘Leaving no one behind’, World Disasters Report, IFRC, Geneva, https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/world-disaster-report-2018/)
Anti-Silencing Function 1B Overexpression Affects Prognosis and Promotes Invasion in Cervical Carcinoma via Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Weijing , Li Han , Sun Xiaoying , Shi Yongjie , Yang Yadi , Xie Chuanmiao , Yanna Zhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone (ASF1B) has been identified to compensate for growth defects and sensitivity to replication stress. Recent studies demonstrated that ASF1B plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of human cancer. However, its relationship with clinical outcome of cervical carcinoma is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern and clinical significance of ASF1B in cervical cancer and its role in regulating invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cell lines.Methods: Expression of ASF1B was analyzed in eight cervical cancer cell lines, and eight pairs of cervical cancer samples and the adjacent normal specimens, using real-time PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze ASF1B expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 147 cervical cancer patients. The association between ASF1B expression levels, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis was analyzed statistically. Moreover, the biological function and potential mechanism of ASF1B in migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells were investigated by in vitro experiments and Western blotting.Results: ASF1B mRNA and protein levels were overexpressed in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues compared with normal cells and adjacent normal cervical specimens. In paraffin-embedded cervical carcinoma tissues, upregulation of ASF1B protein was identified in 86 (58.5%) of 147 cases, and was remarkably associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular space involvement, property of surgical margin, FIGO stage, sqaumous cell carcinoma antigen and poor survival. Cox analysis demonstrated that ASF1B expression was an independent risk predictor for survival in patients with cervical carcinoma. Additionally, down-regulation of ASF1B significantly inhibited invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, it was demonstrated that ASF1B regulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cervical carcinoma.Conclusions: This study suggested that ASF1B might serve as a important prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with cervical carcinoma.
Neonatal Repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection with Goldenhar Syndrome and Unilateral Lung Agenesis：A Case Report
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Hagino Ikuo , Aoki Mitsuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with unilateral lung agenesis and Goldenhar syndrome is extremely rare and high mortality.Case presentation: We present a case of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with unilateral lung agenesis and Goldenhar syndrome. It was diagnosed from Transthoracic echocardiography and enhanced Computed Tomography. Total absence of the lung, the bronchial tree, and vascular structures were detected on the right side, and the left pulmonary veins returned abnormally to the innominate vein. There was apparent indication of pulmonary venous obstruction, the operation was performed at 3 days after birth. The common pulmonary venous chamber with vertical vein and the left atrium was anastomosed using 7-0 PDS running sutures through a median sternotomy. Postoperative echocardiography and Computed Tomography 1 year after the surgery, between the common pulmonary venous chamber and the left atrium was no stenosis.Conclusion: A extremely rare case of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with unilateral lung agenesis and Goldenhar syndrome successfully repaired at 3 day after birth was reported. Anastomosis between the common pulmonary venous chamber and the left atrium using the vertical vein is a reasonable choice in patient with small common pulmonary venous chamber.
Cys183, and Cys258 in Cry49Aa Toxin From Lysinibacillus Sphaericus Are Essential for Toxicity to Culex Quinquefasciatus Larvae
Authors: Guo Qingyun , Ding Lu , Gao Yuan , Niu Yingchao , Dai Xiaohua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The two-component Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa toxin produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus shows specifically toxic to Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. Cry49Aa C-terminal domain is responsible for specific binding to the larval gut cell membrane, while its N-terminal domain is required for interaction with Cry48Aa. To investigate functional role of cysteine in Cry49Aa, four cysteine residues at positions 70, 91, 183, and 258 were substituted by alanine. All mutants showed similar crystalline morphology and comparable yield to that of the wild type except that the yield of the C91A mutant was low. These cysteine residues did not involve in disulfide bond formation within or between Cry49Aa molecules. Cys91, Cys183 and Cys258 are essential for toxicity against C. quinquefasciatus larvae, while Cys70 is not. Substitution at C91, C183 and C258 caused weak Cry48Aa- Cry49Aa interaction, while mutations at C183 and C258 reduced the binding capacities to the larval gut cell membrane. Thus, Cysteine residues at position 91, 183 and 258 in Cry49Aa are required for full toxicity of Cry48Aa/Cry49Aa toxin.