bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental DNA metabarcoding elucidates patterns of fish colonisation and co‐occurrences with amphibians in temperate wetlands created for biodiversity
Authors: Kačergytė Ineta , Petersson Erik , Arlt Debora , Hellström Micaela , Knape Jonas , Spens Johan , Żmihorski Michał , Pärt Tomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Wetlands are biodiversity hotspots that provide several essential ecosystem services. On a global scale, wetlands have greatly declined due to human activities. To counteract wetland loss, created wetlands are used as a conservation tool to facilitate biodiversity and provide habitats mainly for birds and amphibians. Fishes are likely to colonise the created wetlands and potentially affect the diversity and occurrence of amphibians. Still, species occurrence data for fish in created wetlands are largely lacking.

Using eDNA metabarcoding, we investigated occurrence and co‐occurrence patterns of fish and amphibian communities in 52 wetlands (some of which are ponds) created to benefit mainly bird and amphibian communities in south‐central Sweden.

Altogether, 17 fish and five amphibian species were detected in the created wetlands out of the 32 fish and six amphibian species found in the regional species pool. Amphibians were less common in wetlands physically connected to other wetlands. Connected wetlands were more fish‐rich than isolated ones, suggesting potential fish avoidance. Additionally, the amphibian community occupied a narrower environmental niche compared to the fish community. Nevertheless, we observed only five statistically significant negative fish–amphibian species co‐occurrences (out of 14 species considered).

Even though our results suggest amphibian avoidance/exclusion from the created biodiversity wetlands, they also show that fish and amphibians frequently co‐exist. Increased habitat heterogeneity in terms of water vegetation, size, shape, and structure of the wetland could be possible factors enabling the co‐existence of these two taxa.

With this study, we contribute to the general knowledge of fish occurrence patterns in created biodiversity wetlands. By comparing the frequencies of fish occurrence in natural and created wetlands, we have shown that there was some mismatch in what is common in natural compared to created wetlands. This mismatch probably comes from species‐specific habitat requirements, stocking, and differences in detectability when using eDNA metabarcoding (small species detected) versus conventional multi‐mesh gill‐net methods (small species missed). Therefore, our results obtained using eDNA metabarcoding can complement the pre‐existing knowledge of amphibian and fish associations and increase our understanding of how to create wetlands to facilitate biodiversity of several taxa.
Critical transitions and ecological resilience of large marine ecosystems in the Northwestern Pacific in response to global warming
Authors: Ma Shuyang , Liu Dan , Tian Yongjun , Fu Caihong , Li Jianchao , Ju Peilong , Sun Peng , Ye Zhenjiang , Liu Yang , Watanabe Yoshiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural systems can undergo critical transitions, leading to substantial socioeconomic and ecological outcomes. “Ecological resilience” has been proposed to describe the capacity of natural systems to absorb external perturbation and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. However, the mere application of ecological resilience in theoretical research and the lack of quantitative approaches present considerable obstacles for predicting critical transitions and understanding their mechanisms. Large marine ecosystems (LMEs) in the Northwestern Pacific are characterized by great biodiversity and productivity, as well as remarkable warming in recent decades. However, no information is available on the critical transitions and ecological resilience of LMEs in response to warming. Therefore, we applied an integrated resilience assessment framework to fisheries catch data from seven LMEs covering a wide range of regions, from tropical to subarctic, in the Northwestern Pacific to identify critical transitions, assess ecological resilience, and reconstruct folded stability landscapes, with a specific focus on the effects of warming. The results provide evidence of the occurrence of critical transitions, with fold bifurcation and hysteresis in response to increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the seven LMEs. In addition, these LMEs show similarities and synchronies in structure variations and critical transitions forced by warming. Both dramatic increases in SST and small fluctuations at the corresponding thresholds may trigger critical transitions. Ecological resilience decreases when approaching the tipping points and is repainted as the LMEs shift to alternative stable states with different resilient dynamics. Folded stability landscapes indicate that the responses of LMEs to warming are discontinuous, which may be caused by the reorganization of LMEs as their sensitivity to warming changes. Our study clarifies the nonlinear responses of LMEs to anthropogenic warming and provides examples of quantifying ecological resilience in empirical systems at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales.
Narrative review of neuroimaging in migraine with aura
Authors: Arca Karissa N. , VanderPluym Juliana H. , Halker Singh Rashmi B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo improve the understanding of the role and utility of various neuroimaging modalities (clinical and research) for the evaluation of migraine aura (MA) and hemiplegic migraine during the ictal and interictal phases.BackgroundMA is defined by reversible neurologic symptoms and is considered a manifestation of a primary condition. As such, most patients with MA do not require imaging. However, if there are atypical features, change in symptom pattern, or it is a first‐time presentation, neuroimaging may be used to evaluate for secondary conditions. Neuroimaging includes many modalities, and it is important to consider what information is being captured by these modalities (i.e., structural vs. functional). Imaging abnormalities may be noted both during (ictal) and between (interictal) MA attacks, and it is important for clinicians to be familiar with neuroimaging findings reported in migraine with aura (MWA) compared with other conditions.MethodsWith the assistance of a medical librarian, we performed a review of the literature pertaining to MWA and neuroimaging in PubMed. Search terms included were magnetic resonance imaging, positron‐emission tomography, single photon‐emission computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and migraine with aura. We hand‐searched these references to inform our subsequent literature review.ResultsAcute MA can be associated with several unique neuroimaging findings—reversible cortical diffusion restriction, cortical venous engorgement, and a “biphasic” transition from hypoperfusion to hyperperfusion. Imaging findings during MA tend to span more than one vascular territory. Between acute attacks, neuroimaging in people with MWA can resemble migraine without aura in terms of white matter abnormalities and “infarct‐like lesions.” Research imaging modalities such as volumetric analysis and functional imaging have demonstrated unique findings in migraine with aura.ConclusionAlthough migraine is a clinical diagnosis, understanding of neuroimaging findings in MWA can help clinicians interpret imaging findings and improve patient care.
Information, deliberation, and decisional control preferences for participation in medical decision‐making and its influencing factors among Chinese cancer patients
Authors: Xiao Lin , Peng Meifang , Liu Yawei , Zhang Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care should strive to respond to the individual patient's needs and preferences when possible. Yet, preferences of cancer patients for participation in different stages of the medical decision‐making process to increase matching of preferred and actual participation of the patients in decision‐making are not well known.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the level of information, deliberation and decisional control preferences in decision‐making practices among Chinese cancer patients and to explore their association with the sociodemographic and clinical variables of the patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted involving a convenience sample of 328 cancer patients from three public hospitals in Guangzhou, China. The Patient Expectation for Participation in Medical Decision‐making Scale (PEPMDS) was used to evaluate information, deliberation and decisional control preferences of the patients. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to determine the association between sociodemographic variables, clinical variables and preferences of the patients.ResultsMost patients reported a high preference for information (73.2%) and deliberation (73.8%), while a small number (37.2%) reported a high preference for decisional control. Younger patients and patients with higher levels of education were significantly more likely to have a high preference for information, deliberation and decisional control. Patients with low annual family incomes were significantly more likely to have a low preference for decisional control.ConclusionPreferences of patients for involvement in different stages of decision‐making practices could vary. The level of preferences appears to be related to the patient's age, education level, and financial status.Practice ImplicationsHealthcare providers should tailor the participatory approaches of patients considering individual preferences for information, deliberation and decisional control during medical decision‐making.Patient ContributionPatients participated in the survey and filled in the questionnaires.
Chronic and rare disease patients' access to healthcare services during a health crisis: The example of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Aktas Puren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe restructuring of healthcare provision for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused disruptions in access for patients with chronic or rare diseases. This study explores the experiences of patients with chronic or rare diseases in access to healthcare services in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 10) of patient organisations (n = 9) based in Istanbul. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was conducted to analyse the responses obtained through the interviews.ResultsThe lack of clinical information at the beginning of the pandemic caused fear among patients with chronic or rare diseases. Patients experienced obstacles in access to healthcare services because of the overcrowding of hospitals with COVID‐19 patients. Some treatment procedures were cancelled or postponed by physicians. Of these procedures, some were medically vital for those patients, leading to or exacerbating further health problems. The most positive measures that patients identified were where the Social Security Institution introduced regulations to facilitate access to prescribed medicine for chronic patients. Information exchange between the doctors and their patients was important to alleviate the uncertainty and reduce the anxiety among patients.DiscussionAccess problems experienced by patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic were a complex mix of factors including shortages and physical barriers, but also perceptions of barriers. The findings of this study show that patient organisations can provide insights on disease‐specific experiences and problems that are very valuable to improve access to healthcare services to achieve the universal health coverage target. Hence, this study emphasises the inclusion of patient organisations in decision‐making processes during times of health crises.Public ContributionRepresentatives of patient organisations participated in the interviews.
Geochemical and geochronological constraints on the origin and emplacement of the Shimo‐ondori diorites in Shikoku, Southwest Japan
Authors: Aoki Shogo , Aoki Kazumasa , Fukuyama Mayuko , Ogasawara Masatsugu , Tsuchiya Yuta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating of the Shimo‐ondori diorites in the Shimanto accretionary complex of SW Japan provides ~130 Ma, representing the timing of their crystallization ages. Combined with the geological occurrence, that age clearly indicates that the diorites occur as blocks, not as intrusive rocks as suggested by previous studies. Moreover, the ages of the Shimo‐ondori diorites are suggesstive that they could be influential for the estimate of the early‐Cretaceous tectonic evolution for the eastern Asian margin. Their whole‐rock chemical compositions show high MgO, Ni and Cr contents, and low total FeO/MgO ratios, indicating that they were crystallized from high magnesian andesite (HMA) magmas. Moreover, their TiO2 and REE compositions suggest that they were formed by the same processes as the sanukites. And, the zircon Hf isotopic ratios (εHf [~130 Ma] = +9.9 − +17.5), which is close to or slightly lower than that of the ~130 Ma depleted mantle, suggest that the wedge‐mantle materials were predominantly involved in the formation of the dioritic magmas. Their geochronological and geochemical similarities of the Shimo‐ondori diorites with the early Cretaceous adakites and HMAs in the eastern Asian margin suggest that they might have been formed possibly by the same slab rollback of the Izanagi plate at the early Cretaceous. After the crystallization of the Shimo‐ondori diorites, they were delivered and deposited as blocks in a trench site with the surrounding sedimentary rocks of the Shimanto accretionary complex.
Neutralizing type‐I interferon autoantibodies are associated with delayed viral clearance and intensive care unit admission in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Abers Michael S , Rosen Lindsey B , Delmonte Ottavia M , Shaw Elana , Bastard Paul , Imberti Luisa , Quaresima Virginia , Biondi Andrea , Bonfanti Paolo , Castagnoli Riccardo , Casanova Jean‐Laurent , Su Helen C , Notarangelo Luigi D , Holland Steven M , Lionakis Michail S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractType‐I interferons (IFNs) mediate antiviral activity and have emerged as important immune mediators during coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Several lines of evidence suggest that impaired type‐I IFN signaling may predispose to severe COVID‐19. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to illness severity remain unclear. In this study, our goal was to gain insight into how type‐I IFNs influence outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. To achieve this goal, we compared clinical outcomes between 26 patients with neutralizing type‐I IFN autoantibodies (AAbs) and 192 patients without AAbs who were hospitalized for COVID‐19 at three Italian hospitals. The presence of circulating AAbs to type‐I IFNs was associated with an increased risk of admission to the intensive care unit and a delayed time to viral clearance. However, survival was not adversely affected by the presence of type‐I IFN AAbs. Our findings provide further support for the role of type‐I IFN AAbs in impairing host antiviral defense and promoting the development of critical COVID‐19 pneumonia in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2‐infected individuals.
Unboxing dendritic cells: Tales of multi‐faceted biology and function
Authors: Giza Heather M. , Bozzacco Leonia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOften referred to as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) that constitute a unique, yet complex cell system. Among other APCs, DCs display the unique property of inducing protective immune responses against invading microbes, or cancer cells, while safeguarding the proper homeostatic equilibrium of the immune system and maintaining self‐tolerance. Unsurprisingly, DCs play a role in many diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, infectious disease and cancer. This makes them attractive but challenging targets for therapeutics. Since their initial discovery, research and understanding of DC biology have flourished. We now recognize the presence of multiple subsets of DCs distributed across tissues. Recent studies of phenotype and gene expression at the single cell level have identified heterogeneity even within the same DC type, supporting the idea that DCs have evolved to greatly expand the flexibility of the immune system to react appropriately to a wide range of threats. This review is meant to serve as a quick and robust guide to understand the basic divisions of DC subsets and their role in the immune system. Between mice and humans, there are some differences in how these subsets are identified and function, and we will point out specific distinctions as necessary. Throughout the text, we are using both fundamental and therapeutic lens to describe overlaps and distinctions and what this could mean for future research and therapies.
Digital risks and adolescents: The relationships between digital game addiction, emotional eating, and aggression
Authors: Caner Nuray , Evgin Derya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, weight gain and obesity are major health‐threatening issues for children. Emotional eating, a negative health condition that can lead to obesity in children, is a defence mechanism for coping with negative emotions. This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationships between emotional eating behaviour and digital game addiction, which can cause stress and aggression in adolescents. This study was conducted with 856 adolescents from the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS‐7), and the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). In this study, 32.4% of the adolescents were addicted to digital games. The male adolescents had higher BPAQ, DGAS, and EES mean scores. There was also a relationship between digital game addiction, aggressive behaviour, and emotional eating. This is a significant study because it shows that digital game addiction and aggressive behaviour are important determinants of emotional eating. The results of this study indicate that emotional eating is a component of digital game addiction that increases the risk of adolescent obesity.
Sensory Literacy and Empowerment in Art and Design
Authors: Matthews Miranda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsistence on verbal literacy as a key skill occurs throughout education. There needs to be a greater awareness of literacy as a sensory capacity: creative voices are seen, heard and performed. I argue that all the senses form embodied understanding, and obstructing this flow can impede learning. This article questions how we can use embodied, sensory and performative methods to enable student ownership of theoretical and cultural texts. It contributes a theorised approach and transferrable methods for students to build confidence in their learning capacity. I discuss how interpretations of texts can be seen as discourses that are expressed through visualisation, embodiment and affect to empower learning. Practice research with vocational art and design students is explored, to address their expressions of empowerment, in connection with their interpretations of Foucault and Freire. Students’ individuated sensory methods of representing empowerment also offer more inclusive possibilities for decolonised cultural ownership through arts practice.
Utility of using electrocardiogram measures of heart rate variability as a measure of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Pop‐Busui Rodica , Backlund Jye‐Yu C , Bebu Ionut , Braffett Barbara H , Lorenzi Gayle , White Neil H , Lachin John M , Soliman Elsayed Z ,   DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionCardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs) are the gold standard for the diagnosis of CAN, but might not be feasible in large research cohorts or in clinical care. We investigated whether measures of heart rate variability obtained from standard electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings provide a reliable measure of CAN.Materials and MethodsStandardized CARTs (R‐R response to paced breathing, Valsalva, postural changes) and digitized 12‐lead resting ECGs were obtained concomitantly in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications participants (n = 311). Standard deviation of normally conducted R‐R intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences between normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (rMSSD) were measured from ECG. Sensitivity, specificity, probability of correct classification and Kappa statistics evaluated the agreement between ECG‐derived CAN and CARTs‐defined CAN.ResultsParticipants with CARTs‐defined CAN had significantly lower SDNN and rMSSD compared with those without CAN (P < 0.001). The optimal cut‐off points of ECG‐derived CAN were <17.13 and <24.94 ms for SDNN and rMSSD, respectively. SDNN plays a dominant role in defining CAN, with an area under the curve of 0.73, indicating fair test performance. The Kappa statistic for SDNN was 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.30–0.51) for the optimal cut‐off point, showing fair agreement with CARTs‐defined CAN. Combining SDNN and rMSSD optimal cut‐off points does not provide additional predictive power for CAN.ConclusionsThese analyses are the first to show the agreement between indices of heart rate variability derived from ECGs and the gold standard CARTs, thus supporting potential use as a measure of CAN in clinical research and clinical care.
Eating catch of the day: the diet of porbeagle shark Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre 1788) based on stomach content analysis, and the interaction with trawl fisheries in the south‐western Atlantic (52° S–56° S)
Authors: Belleggia Mauro , Colonello Jorge , Cortés Federico , Figueroa Daniel Enrique 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis work examined the diet of the porbeagle shark Lamna nasus in the south‐west Atlantic Ocean (SWAO, Argentina, 52° S–56° S) by analysing the stomach content information obtained by scientific observers who sampled specimens captured as by‐catch on‐board commercial fishing vessels from 2010 to 2020. A total of 148 fishing sites were analysed, in which the estimated catch was composed mainly of hoki Macruronus magellanicus (56.00%) and southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis (33.13%). From 413 porbeagle sharks sampled (292 females and 121 males) ranging from 71 to 241 cm total length (LT) (mean: 179.76 ± 26.74 cm), 310 (75.06%) contained food in the stomachs. The forage fish were mainly hoki M. magellanicus (23.53%) and southern blue whiting M. australis (19.05%), followed by the Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis (4.48%) and nototheniids (1.4%). Cephalopods and crustaceans accounted for 10% of the diet. The estimated trophic level was 4.35. Generalized linear models revealed that the consumption of hoki M. magellanicus and southern blue whiting M. australis increased with the LT of the porbeagle shark. Moreover, smaller porbeagle sharks preyed upon both small and large teleost fish, whereas larger porbeagle sharks predated exclusively upon large fish. The diet of porbeagle shark involved interactions with fisheries as it fed upon the fish species that constituted the main catch in the analysed fishing sites, as well as the main catches of the austral trawl fisheries. The ecological role of porbeagle shark observed in the SWAO exposed implications for fisheries management from a multispecies perspective.