bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening and clinical significance of lymph node metastasis‐related genes within esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Rui , Chen Gang , Li Meng , Peng Zhong‐Min , Xu Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent improvements in treatment technologies, such as surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of patients with esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) remains poor due to early lymph node metastasis. Since few studies have investigated genes associated with lymph node metastasis in EJA, we aimed to screen lymph node metastasis‐associated genes and clarify their expression status and prognostic significance in EJA.MethodsThe differential frequency of mutations between carcinoma and para‐carcinoma tissues from 199 cases with EJA was detected using targeted next‐generation sequencing (tNGS). Following a stratified analysis to determine that gender has no effect on the frequency of gene mutations, lymph node metastasis‐related genes, including CDK6, MET, NOTCH1, and LRP1B, were screened, and CDK6 and LRP1B were selected for further study as they displayed significant differences in mutation rates. Differences in their expression status were verified using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in 18 CDK6‐ and 17 LRP1B‐mutated samples and a randomly matched control group.ResultstNGS revealed that CDK6 and LRP1B mutation frequencies were significantly different between EJA cases with (N ≥ 1) or without (N = 0) lymph node metastasis. In particular, CDK6 mutation frequency was expected less, whereas that of LRP1B was remarkably higher in cases with stage N0 than in those with stage N ≥ 1. IHC staining confirmed significant differences in CDK6 and LRP1B expression status between the study and control cohorts. Chi‐square tests revealed that a high CDK6 expression status correlated significantly with smoking history (p = 0.044), T stage (p = 0.035), N stage (p = 0.000), and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.001) in EJA, whereas a high LRP1B expression status only correlated with BMI (p = 0.013) and N stage (p = 0.000). Furthermore, as confirmed by survival status investigation, a high LRP1B expression status predicted good prognosis, and a high CDK6 expression status was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with EJA.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that a high CDK6 and LRP1B expression status promotes and inhibits lymph node metastasis in patients with EJA, respectively, suggesting that both CDK6 and LRP1B are significantly potential predictors of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in EJA.
Redevelopment of the Predict: Breast Cancer website and recommendations for developing interfaces to support decision‐making
Authors: Farmer George D. , Pearson Mike , Skylark William J. , Freeman Alexandra L. J. , Spiegelhalter David J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a new interface for the widely used prognostic breast cancer tool: Predict: Breast Cancer. To facilitate decision‐making around post‐surgery breast cancer treatments. To derive recommendations for communicating the outputs of prognostic models to patients and their clinicians.MethodWe employed a user‐centred design process comprised of background research and iterative testing of prototypes with clinicians and patients. Methods included surveys, focus groups and usability testing.ResultsThe updated interface now caters to the needs of a wider audience through the addition of new visualisations, instantaneous updating of results, enhanced explanatory information and the addition of new predictors and outputs. A programme of future research was identified and is now underway, including the provision of quantitative data on the adverse effects of adjuvant breast cancer treatments.Based on our user‐centred design process, we identify six recommendations for communicating the outputs of prognostic models including the need to contextualise statistics, identify and address gaps in knowledge, and the critical importance of engaging with prospective users when designing communications.ConclusionsFor prognostic algorithms to fulfil their potential to assist with decision‐making they need carefully designed interfaces. User‐centred design puts patients and clinicians needs at the forefront, allowing them to derive the maximum benefit from prognostic models.
Clinical and cost outcomes following genomics‐informed treatment for advanced cancers
Authors: Weymann Deirdre , Pollard Samantha , Chan Brandon , Titmuss Emma , Bohm Alexandra , Laskin Janessa , Jones Steven J. M. , Pleasance Erin , Nelson Jessica , Fok Alexandra , Lim Howard , Karsan Aly , Renouf Daniel J. , Schrader Kasmintan A. , Sun Sophie , Yip Stephen , Schaeffer David F. , Marra Marco A. , Regier Dean A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐arm trials are common in precision oncology. Owing to the lack of randomized counterfactual, resultant data are not amenable to comparative outcomes analyses. Difference‐in‐difference (DID) methods present an opportunity to generate causal estimates of time‐varying treatment outcomes. Using DID, our study estimates within‐cohort effects of genomics‐informed treatment versus standard care on clinical and cost outcomes.MethodsWe focus on adults with advanced cancers enrolled in the single‐arm BC Cancer Personalized OncoGenomics program between 2012 and 2017. All individuals had a minimum of 1‐year follow up. Logistic regression explored baseline differences across patients who received a genomics‐informed treatment versus a standard care treatment after genomic sequencing. DID estimated the incremental effects of genomics‐informed treatment on time to treatment discontinuation (TTD), time to next treatment (TTNT), and costs. TTD and TTNT correlate with improved response and survival.ResultsOur study cohort included 346 patients, of whom 140 (40%) received genomics‐informed treatment after sequencing and 206 (60%) received standard care treatment. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were detected across treatment groups. DID estimated that the incremental effect of genomics‐informed versus standard care treatment was 102 days (95% CI: 35, 167) on TTD, 91 days (95% CI: −9, 175) on TTNT, and CAD$91,098 (95% CI: $46,848, $176,598) on costs. Effects were most pronounced in gastrointestinal cancer patients.ConclusionsGenomics‐informed treatment had a statistically significant effect on TTD compared to standard care treatment, but at increased treatment costs. Within‐cohort evidence generated through this single‐arm study informs the early‐stage comparative effectiveness of precision oncology.
Synthesis and Surface Behaviour of NDI Chromophores Mounted on a Tripodal Scaffold: Towards Self‐Decoupled Chromophores for Single‐Molecule Electroluminescence
Authors: Balzer Nico , Lukášek Jan , Valášek Michal , Rai Vibhuti , Sun Qing , Gerhard Lukas , Wulfhekel Wulf , Mayor Marcel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the efficient synthesis, absorption and emission spectra, and the electrochemical properties of a series of 2,6‐disubstituted naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxdiimide (NDI) tripodal molecules with thioacetate anchors for their surface investigations. Our studies showed that, in particular, the pyrrolidinyl group with its strong electron‐donating properties enhanced the fluorescence of such core‐substituted NDI chromophores and caused a significant bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum with a correspondingly narrowed bandgap of 1.94 eV. Cyclic voltammetry showed the redox properties of NDIs to be influenced by core substituents. The strong electron‐donating character of pyrrolidine substituents results in rather high HOMO and LUMO levels of ‐5.31 and ‐3.37 eV when compared with the parental unsubstituted NDI. UHV‐STM measurements of a sub‐monolayer of the rigid tripodal NDI chromophores spray deposited on Au(111) show that these molecules mainly tend to adsorb flat in a pairwise fashion on the surface and form unordered films. However, the STML experiments also revealed a few molecular clusters, which might consist of upright oriented molecules protruding from the molecular island and show electroluminescence photon spectra with high electroluminescence yields of up to 6×10−3. These results demonstrate the promising potential of the NDI tripodal chromophores for the fabrication of molecular devices profiting from optical features of the molecular layer.
The Binding Pocket at the Interface of Multimeric Telomere G‐quadruplexes: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Manoli Francesco , Doria Filippo , Colombo Giorgio , Zambelli Barbara , Freccero Mauro , Manet Ilse 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman telomeric DNA with hundreds of repeats of the 5’‐TTAGGG‐3’ motif plays a crucial role in several biological processes. It folds into G‐quadruplex (G4) structures and features a pocket at the interface of two contiguous G4 blocks. Up to now no structural NMR and crystallographic data are available for ligands interacting with contiguous G4s. Naphthalene diimide monomers and dyads were investigated as ligands of a dimeric G4 of human telomeric DNA comparing the results with those of the model monomeric G4. Time‐resolved fluorescence, circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular modeling were used to elucidate binding features. Ligand fluorescence lifetime and induced circular dichroism unveiled occupancy of the binding site at the interface. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the hypothesis as they remarkably change for the dyad complexes of the monomeric and dimeric telomeric G4. The bi‐functional ligand structure of the dyads is a fundamental requisite for binding at the G4 interface as only the dyads engage in complexes with 1 : 1 stoichiometry, lodging in the pocket at the interface and establishing multiple interactions with the DNA skeleton. In the absence of NMR and crystallographic data, our study affords important proofs of binding at the interface pocket and clues on the role played by the ligand structure.
Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric cancer incidence among children and young adults in the United States by single year of age
Authors: Marcotte Erin L. , Domingues Allison M. , Sample Jeannette M. , Richardson Michaela R. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIncidence rates of pediatric cancers in the United States are typically reported in 5‐year age groups, obscuring variation by single year of age. Additionally, racial and ethnic variation in incidence is typically presented in broad categories rather than by narrow age ranges.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 data (2000‐2017) were examined to calculate frequencies and age‐adjusted incidence rates among individuals aged birth to 39 years. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated as the measure of association for rate comparisons by race and Hispanic origin overall and by single year of age.ResultsSeveral histologic types showed substantial variation in race/ethnicity‐specific and overall rates by single year of age. Overall, Black children and young adults experienced substantially decreased incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia (IRR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.49‐0.55) compared to Whites, and this decreased incidence was strongest at ages 1 through 7 years and 16 through 20 years. Hispanic individuals experienced decreased overall incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.48‐0.52) and astrocytoma (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.56) and increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (IRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.42‐1.51) compared to non‐Hispanic Whites, and the increased risk was strongest at ages 10 through 23 years. Substantial decreased risk across many tumor types was also observed for Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indian/Alaska Natives.ConclusionsExamination of incidence rates for pediatric cancers by narrow age groups may provide insights regarding etiological differences in subgroups. Additionally, variation in age‐specific incidence rates by race and ethnicity may enable hypothesis generation on drivers of disparities observed.
Towards a Molecular Understanding of Cation‐Anion Interactions and Self‐aggregation of Adeninate Salts in DMSO by NMR and UV Spectroscopy and Crystallography
Authors: Buyens Dominique M. S. , Pilcher Lynne A. , Roduner Emil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRare anionic forms of nucleic acids play a significant biological role and lead to spontaneous mutations and replication and translational errors. There is a lack of information surrounding the stability and reactivity of these forms. Ion pairs of mono‐sodium and ‐potassium salts of adenine exist in DMSO solution with possible cation coordination sites at the N1, N7 and N9 atoms of the purine ring. At increasing concentrations π‐π stacked dimers are the predominant species of aggregates followed by higher order aggregation governed by coordination to metal cations in which the type of counter ion present has a central role in the aggregate formation.
Contributions from terrestrial and marine resources stabilize predator populations in a rapidly changing climate
Authors: Nater Chloé R. , Eide Nina E. , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Fuglei Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change has different and sometimes divergent effects on terrestrial and marine food webs, and in coastal ecosystems, these effects are tightly interlinked. Responses of opportunistic coastal predators and scavengers to climate change may thus be complex and potentially highly flexible, and can simultaneously serve as indicators of, and have profound impacts on, lower trophic levels. Gaining mechanistic understanding of these responses is therefore important, but often not feasible due to lack of long‐term data from marked individuals. Here, we used a Bayesian integrated population model (IPM) to elucidate the effects of arctic warming and concurrent changes in terrestrial and marine resource availability on population dynamics of the opportunistic arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) in Svalbard. Joint analysis of four types of data (den survey, age‐at‐harvest, placental scars, mark‐recovery) revealed relatively stable population size and age structure over the last 22 yr (1997–2019) despite rapid environmental change linked to climate warming. This was related to the fact that terrestrial resources (reindeer carcasses, geese) became more abundant while the availability of marine resources (seal pups/carrion) decreased, and was driven by divergent trends in different vital rates (e.g., increased pregnancy rate but decreased pup survival). Balanced contributions of survival vs. reproduction and of immigration vs. local demography further stabilized population size. Our study thus sheds light on the mechanisms underlying population dynamics of opportunistic carnivores exploiting terrestrial and marine resources and suggests that exploitation of resources across different ecosystems can buffer predators against climate change. Additionally, it highlights the large potential of IPMs as tools to understand and predict the effects of environmental change on wildlife populations, even when data on marked individuals are sparse.
Electrochemical Nanobiosensors as Point‐of‐Care Testing Solution to Cytokines Measurement Limitations
Authors: Pérez David J. , Patiño Edwin B. , Orozco Jahir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost cytokines are present at reduced amounts in body fluids due to their biological features of production, release, and action mechanisms. The required time between sampling and their measurement is critical for diagnosis and treatment. Electrochemical nanobiosensors offer the possibility to be tailor‐made and cost affordable, producing direct and rapid readouts with low sample volume, explaining their feasibility in timely measurements and potential in designing unique and multiplexed Point‐Of‐Care (POC) testing platforms. This review summarizes and discusses the measurement limitations of the standard methods and the recent progress on electrochemical nanobiosensors as a plausible alternative to measuring them.
Credit evaluation method of generating companies considering the market behavior in China electricity market
Authors: Xie Jingdong , Wang Shiyao , Zhou Xuemei , Sun Bo , Sun Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the reformation of the electricity market of China is increasing and the modernization of the national governance system is being promoted, the electricity market management system needs to be gradually improved. Credit evaluation is an essential part of the electricity market management system. Therefore, a complete credit evaluation system plays a fundamental role in ensuring that the electricity market can operate safely, stably, efficiently, and reliably. The traditional credit evaluation methods focus on the financial situation and credit records of the generating companies. With the gradual development of the electricity market transactions, the market behavior needs to be included in the credit evaluation indicator system to standardize the behavior of the generating companies and reduce the risks of the market transactions. This study establishes a complete credit evaluation system from three perspectives: market behavior, financial situation, and social responsibility. In addition, to determine the weight of indicators in the credit evaluation, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) algorithm, fuzzy theory, and the non‐dominated sorted genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) algorithm are combined. The variance of the evaluation results and the deviation degree of the indicator weight are considered the objective functions of the NSGA‐II algorithm to optimize the indicator weight. Finally, comparing as an example the results of the credit evaluation before and after the optimization of an electricity market shows that the credit evaluation method can effectively distinguish the generating companies that adopt different market behaviors and has a high practical significance.
Influence and variability of monsoon trough and front on rainfall in Thailand
Authors: Tomkratoke Saifhon , Sirisup Sirod 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh variabilities in rainfall and the subsequent consequences have caused severe water‐related issues for Thailand over recent decades. In this study, the factors that affect rainfall variability over Thailand were determined. The spatio‐temporal structures of the monthly rainfall in Thailand between 1979 and 2018 were extracted via an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. With a unimodal temporal structure, the first EOF mode suggests the overall phenomenon governing rain characteristics in Thailand. The higher modes, consisting of bimodal temporal structures, indicate different rain phenomena in various regions. A significantly high correlation between the 3‐month average of the monsoon trough index and rainfall was observed, while wet adiabatic front and convective available potential energy (CAPE) data had a moderately high correlation. Only the local front index, within the Gulf of Thailand, correlated to the rain characteristics along the east coast of southern Thailand. The cross‐wavelet analysis indicated that most of the rainfall variability correlates with monsoon trough. However, the front can involve extreme events. The interannual variability of monsoon trough and rainfall with a dominant time scale between 3.0 and 6.0 years has significantly increased since 1995. Meanwhile, the intra‐annual variability is more intermittent, indicating rare intensified strong tropical cyclones along the monsoon troughs in Thailand. The interannual variability of the monsoon trough and front indices also intermittently connects with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). However, the relationship in annual and intra‐annual cycles is mostly weak. Therefore, the dependence of interannual variability of rainfall in Thailand on SOI or monsoon trough is comparable. Notably, the intra‐annual rainfall variability is heavily influenced by the monsoon trough and front. This study is the first to identify the crucial factors behind the seasonal rain phenomena in Thailand. This information will benefit seasonal rainfall predictors and increase preparedness for hydro‐climatic related disasters in the Indo‐China region.
Waterbird habitat loss: fringes of the Yellow and Bohai Seas along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway
Authors: Duan Houlang , Yu Xiubo , Xia Shaoxia , Zhang Guangshuai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural wetlands along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai Seas provide key stopover sites for migratory waterbirds. However, these wetlands are facing land loss. Understanding how natural wetland loss influences habitat is important for habitat management. We used species distribution models to report changes in area of suitable habitat and analysed the effects of natural wetland loss on habitat for 80 waterbird species of four functional categories (shorebirds, ducks, herons, gulls) between 2000 and 2015 beside the Yellow and Bohai Seas. Between 2000 and 2015, 1794.8 km2(29.27%) of coastal wetland was lost to development, most of which were tidal flats that were lost by conversion into aquaculture and salt pan habitat or land for construction. Consequently, habitat for 73 of these 80 species has decreased in area over this time period. Generally, the proportional decline in habitat suitable for duck species was less than that for shorebirds, and the proportional decline in suitable habitat was not significantly different between National Protected Species and Non‐National Protected Species. The proportional loss of tidal flats that formerly represented suitable habitat was also significantly higher for shorebirds, herons and gulls than for ducks. Because more duck species exploit aquaculture and salt pan habitat that was converted from tidal flats habitats, such conversion of tidal flats poses a greater threat to shorebirds, herons and gulls than to ducks. Preventing further reclamation of tidal flats and managing artificial wetlands are priorities for waterbird conservation.
Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Complex Vascular Lesions
Authors: Herold Mitchell , Goldberg Gerald 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectivesCombination treatment with debulking surgical procedures, vascular and ablative lasers, and topical and intralesional vascular therapies may improve outcomes in nodular hypertrophic and mixed complex vascular malformations; however, there is a paucity of data reporting specific combinations of these treatments. We report 15 cases of complex vascular malformations, which were successfully treated with novel combinations of these modalities.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe performed a review of 15 patients treated with combination vascular laser therapy, electrosurgery, ablative laser technologies, and topical and intralesional vascular therapies from May 2000 to October 2020. Photographs were taken at intervals with attempts made for consistent lighting and positioning.ResultsAll 15 patients achieved an excellent clinical response to combination therapy with visible improvement of the hypertrophic, textural, and vascular components of their lesions. No major complications or adverse events were encountered during any of the treatments.ConclusionCombination multimodality therapy with surgical debulking, laser technologies, and topical and injection therapies can be highly effective and efficient in treating complex vascular malformations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.