bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophies of Touch: from Aristotle to Phenomenology
Authors: Kearney Richard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay explores Aristotle’s discovery of touch as the most universal and philosophical of the senses. It analyses his central insight in the De Anima that tactile flesh is a “medium not an organ,” unpacking both its metaphysical and ethical implications. The essay concludes with a discussion of how contemporary phenomenology—from Husserl to Merleau-Ponty and Irigaray—re-describes Aristotle’s seminal intuition regarding the model of “double reversible sensation.”
Dynamics of Gap-leaping Western Boundary Currents with Throughflow Forcing
Authors: McMahon Charles W. , Kuehl Joseph J. , Sheremet Vitalii A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of gap-leaping western boundary currents (e.g. the Kuroshio intrusion, the Loop Current) are explored through rotating table experiments and a numerical model designed to replicate the experimental apparatus. Simplified experimental and numerical models of gap-leaping systems are known to exhibit two dominant states (leaping or penetrating into the gap) as the inertia of the current competes with vorticity constraints (in this case the β-effect). These systems are also known to admit multiple states with hysteresis. To advance towards more realistic oceanographic scenarios, recent studies have explored the effects of islands, mesoscale eddies, and variable baroclinic deformation radii on the dynamical system. Here, the effect of throughflow forcing is considered, with particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) used in the lab experiments. Mean transport in or out of the gap is found to significantly shift the hysteresis range as well as change its width. Because of these transformations, changes in throughflow can induce transitions in the gap-leaping system when near a critical state (leaping-to-penetrating/ penetrating-to-leaping). Results from the study are interpreted within a nonlinear dynamical framework and various properties of the system are explored.
Gracilis Flap Reconstruction After Proctocolectomy for Malignancy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: DeLozier Olivia M. , Stiles Zachary E. , Shibata David , Deneve Jeremiah L. , Monroe Justin , Dickson Paxton V. , Mathew Alex , Chandler Robert G. , Behrman Stephen W. 
Published: April 2021

Background Gracilis flap reconstruction (GFR) following abdominoperineal resection (APR) or proctocolectomy (PC) can reduce pelvic wound complications but has not been adequately assessed in the setting of immunosuppression, fistulous disease, and neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Methods Patients undergoing APR/PC with GFR were retrospectively analyzed with regard to perioperative characteristics, and morbidity was assessed. Results Patients underwent GFR for rectal cancer ( n = 28), anal cancer ( n = 3), inflammatory bowel disease ( n = 13), or benign fistulizing disease ( n = 1). 22.2% were chronically immunosuppressed, and 66.7% underwent preoperative chemoradiation. Twenty (44.4%) patients had minor wound complications, all treated nonoperatively. Nine patients had major complications with 4 patients requiring reoperation. The 4 threatened flaps were unilateral, and all were salvaged. Donor site morbidity was minimal. Patients with major complications were older (56 vs. 71 years, P = .030), and less likely to have pelvic drains ( P = .018). Conclusion In high-risk perineal wounds, GFR offers durable reconstruction with acceptably low morbidity.
Urban platforms as a mode of governance
Authors: Haveri Arto , Anttiroiko Ari-Veikko 
Published: April 2021

This article provides an analysis of urban platform governance by mapping out the major forms of public governance and depicting the role of platforms in this field. By fusing theoretical analyses and empirical views from three urban platforms set up by the largest cities in Finland, we assess the relevance of platforms as an emerging form of local public governance. It is plausible to view platforms as hybrids that incorporate features of both networks and markets, and, to some extent, even hierarchies. However, platforms also have some irreducible features, which makes it possible to perceive them as a fourth mode of governance. Platform logic broadens the view of network governance to a broader set of connections, the orchestration of multiple logics and ecosystem thinking. Points for practitioners Today, city governments create and maintain urban platforms to bring together different actors and enable value-added collaboration in service provision, governance and planning. This article helps local policymakers and managers understand platform logic in involving various audiences in the creation of public value. When governing platforms, local public managers may use many of the same methods as with networks. Platform governance, however, extends the view to a broader set of connections, the orchestration of multiple logics and ecosystem thinking.
Geographic Differences and Social Determinants of Health Among People With HIV Attributed to Injection Drug Use, United States, 2017
Authors: Jin Chan , Nwangwu-Ike Ndidi , Gant Zanetta , Johnson Lyons Shacara , Satcher Johnson Anna 
Published: April 2021

Objective People who inject drugs are among the groups most vulnerable to HIV infection. The objective of this study was to describe differences in the geographic distribution of HIV diagnoses and social determinants of health (SDH) among people who inject drugs (PWID) who received an HIV diagnosis in 2017. Methods We used data from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) to determine the counts and percentages of PWID aged ≥18 with HIV diagnosed in 2017. We combined these data with data from the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey at the census tract level to examine regional, racial/ethnic, and population-area-of-residence differences in poverty status, education level, income level, employment status, and health insurance coverage. Results We observed patterns of disparity in HIV diagnosis counts and SDH among the 2666 PWID with a residential address linked to a census tract, such that counts of HIV diagnosis increased as SDH outcomes became worse. The greatest proportion of PWID lived in census tracts where ≥19% of the residents lived below the federal poverty level, ≥18% of the residents had <high school diploma, the median annual household income was <$40 000, and ≥16% of the residents did not have health insurance or a health coverage plan. Conclusion To our knowledge, our study is the first large-scale, census tract–level study to describe SDH among PWID with diagnosed HIV in the United States. The findings of substantial disparities in SDH among people with HIV infection attributed to injection drug use should be further examined. Understanding the SDH among PWID is crucial to reducing disparities in HIV diagnoses in this population.
Impact of physician-based palliative care delivery models on health care utilization outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brown Catherine R L , Webber Colleen , Seow Hsien-Yeang , Howard Michelle , Hsu Amy T , Isenberg Sarina R , Jiang Mengzhu , Smith Glenys A , Spruin Sarah , Tanuseputro Peter 
Published: April 2021

Background: Increasing involvement of palliative care generalists may improve access to palliative care. It is unknown, however, if their involvement with and without palliative care specialists are associated with different outcomes. Aim: To describe physician-based models of palliative care and their association with healthcare utilization outcomes including: emergency department visits, acute hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in last 30 days of life; and, place of death. Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study using linked health administrative data. We used descriptive statistics to compare outcomes across three models (generalist-only palliative care; consultation palliative care, comprising of both generalist and specialist care; and specialist-only palliative care) and conducted a logistic regression for community death. Setting/participants: All adults aged 18–105 who died in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2017. Results: Of the 231,047 decedents who received palliative services, 40.3% received generalist, 32.3% consultation and 27.4% specialist palliative care. Across models, we noted minimal to modest variation for decedents with at least one emergency department visit (50%–59%), acute hospitalization (64%–69%) or ICU admission (7%–17%), as well as community death (36%–40%). In our adjusted analysis, receipt of a physician home visit was a stronger predictor for increased likelihood of community death (odds ratio 9.6, 95% confidence interval 9.4–9.8) than palliative care model (generalist vs consultation palliative care 2.0, 1.9–2.0). Conclusion: The generalist palliative care model achieved similar healthcare utilization outcomes as consultation and specialist models. Including a physician home visit component in each model may promote community death.
Elevated free testosterone levels and reduced very low-density lipoprotein levels in men with lifelong premature ejaculation: a preliminary study
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ma Yubo , Zhai Xiaoqiang , Li Hecheng , Wang Ziming , Chong Tie 
Published: April 2021

Objective To investigate sex hormone and blood lipid levels in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) in China. Methods Sex hormone and blood lipid levels were measured in 156 patients with LPE and 76 healthy controls. The Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation-5 Questionnaires (CIPE-5) were applied to diagnose and grade LPE. Results PEDT and CIPE-5 scores were significantly altered in the LPE group compared with the control group. Free testosterone levels were significantly higher in the LPE group than in the control group. Free testosterone levels were also significantly higher in the mild, moderate, and severe LPE subgroups than in the control group. Total testosterone and prolactin levels tended to be lower in the control group than in the LPE group. Very low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower in the LPE group and LPE subgroups than in the control group. Triglyceride levels were highest in controls and decreased with progression of LPE. Conclusions Patients with LPE have higher free testosterone levels and lower very low-density lipoprotein levels than controls. These findings indicate that these factors might be indices for LPE. However, the reasons for these phenomena need to be further investigated.
Risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury in intensive care units
Authors: Zhang Meng , Duan Meili , Zhi Deyuan , Lin Jin , Liu Pei , Wang Yajun 
Published: April 2021

Objective This study aimed to identify the risk factors for death in patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 158 patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury in a mixed medical intensive care unit from January 2009 to March 2020. The patients were divided into those who survived and those who died on the basis of whether they survived after 28 days. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results Sixty-nine (43.7%) patients died within 28 days after admission to the intensive care unit. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the oxygenation index (odds ratio [OR]: 0.979, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.970–0.989), acute kidney injury (OR: 4.787, 95% CI: 1.674–13.693), norepinephrine dose (OR: 1.706, 95% CI: 1.375–2.117), and abdominopelvic cavity infection (OR: 0.257, 95% CI: 0.076–0.866) were significantly associated with mortality within 28 days after admission in patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury. Conclusions Patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury have a high mortality rate. A high oxygenation index, occurrence of acute kidney injury, high norepinephrine dose, and occurrence of abdominopelvic cavity infection are independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis-related myocardial injury.
Clinical and reproductive outcomes of uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ning Chengcheng , Zhang Lihong , Zhao Chenyan , Chen Xiaojun , Liu Xiaoxia , Gu Chao 
Published: April 2021

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes, histopathological features, and obstetric and oncological outcomes of uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Methods We conducted a single-center, database review of patients with STUMP between January 2001 and December 2015. We investigated the clinical, operative, histopathologic, recurrence, and fertility outcomes of the included cases. Results Nineteen patients with STUMP were studied. Three were reclassified as sarcoma after slide review, and 16 patients were finally included in the study. The mean age was 45 years. Ki-67 expression was ≥10% in 25.0% of cases and 30% in the only recurrent case. Recurrence occurred 52 months after a diagnosis of STUMP in a 56-year-old female patient who underwent hysterectomy. Two of six patients who underwent myomectomy had fertility requirements, and both successfully delivered babies without recurrence. Recurrence was not related to mitosis, degree of atypia, or necrosis. There was also no relationship between type of surgery or surgical approach and recurrence. Conclusions Patients with STUMP warrant a pathological review process in centers with experience. Fertility-preservation is worth attempting, but young patients must be followed-up closely. Ki-67 might be a valuable marker predicting recurrence.
Translation and cultural adaptation of the Sensory Profile 2 to the Persian language
Authors: Shahbazi Marjan , Mirzakhany Navid , Alizadeh Zarei Mehdi , Zayeri Farid , Daryabor Aliyeh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original Sensory Profile 2 questionnaires to Persian and access the psychometric properties of the adapted questionnaires. Method The translation and cultural adaptation of the original questionnaires were carried out under the published guidelines. Furthermore, we employed the multiple methods to establish the validity and reliability of the Sensory Profile 2 questionnaires. We calculated the content validity, internal consistency, and test–retest, along with the standard error of measurement. The study included 1272 children, between 0 and 14 years old, without any disabilities. They were selected from child developmental centers and elementary and middle schools of Tehran, the capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Results The item-level content validity index and the scale-level were satisfactory for all the items, quadrant, section, and factor of the Sensory Profile 2. The values of alpha for all questionnaires were ranged from 0.67 to 0.91. Furthermore, the test–retest reliability values for all questionnaires ranged from 0.72 to 0.95. Conclusions The Sensory Profile 2-Persian version can considered as a valid and reliable tool for utilization in Persian-speaking children between 0 and 14 years old.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Alone Versus With Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Onggo James Randolph , Rasaratnam Hari Krishnan , Nambiar Mithun , Onggo Jason Derry , Pai Vishal , Damasena Iswadi , Riazi Arash , Babazadeh Sina 
Published: April 2021

Background: Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LEAT) aims to improve anterolateral stability of the injured knee during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. Inconclusive evidence surrounding the efficacy and safety of LEAT has propelled clinical interest and ongoing discussions. Purpose: To establish level 1 evidence by assessing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with minimum 2-year follow-up that directly compared ACLR with LEAT (LEAT group) and ACLR alone (non-LEAT group) in terms of clinical outcomes and complications. Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Meta-analysis was performed with a multidatabase search (Cochrane, EMBASE, OVID Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science) according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines on September 9, 2020. Data from published RCTs meeting inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed with an inverse variance statistical model. Results: A total of 7 RCTs were included, consisting of 517 LEAT and 589 non-LEAT patients. Only autografts were used for ACLR and LEAT. A variety of LEAT techniques and autograft fixation methods were used. We found improved stability (residual positive pivot shift: risk ratio [RR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88; P = .01) and better clinical outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score: mean difference [MD], 2.31; 95% CI, 0.54-4.09; P = .01; and Lysholm score: MD, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.68-4.75; P = .009) in the LEAT than non-LEAT group. Graft rerupture rate was 3 times less likely (RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17-0.58; P < .001) in the LEAT group than the non-LEAT group. Conclusion: Good-quality evidence is available to support the efficacy of LEAT in improving anterolateral knee stability and reducing graft reruptures in primary ACLR. LEAT should be considered in patients with high risk factors. Although Lysholm and IKDC scores were statistically better in the LEAT group, these are unlikely to be clinically significant. Future studies should aim to identify patient populations that would best benefit from LEAT with ACLR.
Arteries of the Lower Limb—Embryology, Variations, and Clinical Significance
Authors: Qazi Emmad , Wilting Joerg , Patel Neeral R. , Alenezi Abdullah O. , Kennedy Sean A. , Tan Kong T. , Jaberi Arash , Mafeld Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the embryology of the lower limb arterial anatomy along with common variants and their clinical relevance. Design: Embryologic variations of the lower limb arterial system may be explained by i.) persistence of primordial arterial segments, ii.) abnormal fusion, iii.) segmental hypoplasia/absence, or a combination of both. Persistent sciatic artery, corona mortis, and popliteal entrapment syndrome will also be discussed with associated symptoms, and potential complications. Conclusion: Knowledge of these variations is essential for surgical and endovascular management as failure to recognize them can result in complications.
Sensory Function and Psychological Factors in Children With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Truffyn Emma E. , Moayedi Massieh , Brown Stephen C. , Ruskin Danielle , Duerden Emma G. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To assess thermal-sensory thresholds and psychosocial factors in children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS-I) compared to healthy children. Methods: We conducted quantitative sensory testing on 34 children with CRPS-I and 56 pain-free children. Warm, cool, heat, and cold stimuli were applied to the forearm. Children with CRPS-I had the protocol administered to the pain site and the contralateral-pain site. Participants completed the self-report Behavior Assessment System for Children. Results: Longer pain durations (>5.1 months) were associated with decreased sensitivity to cold pain on the pain site ( P = .04). Higher pain-intensity ratings were associated with elevated anxiety scores ( P = .03). Anxiety and social stress were associated with warmth sensitivity (both P < .05) on the contralateral-pain site. Conclusions: Pain duration is an important factor in assessing pediatric CRPS-I. Hyposensitivity in the affected limb may emerge due to degeneration of nociceptive nerves. Anxiety may contribute to thermal-sensory perception in childhood CRPS-I.
Factors Predisposing to Post Dural Puncture Headache in Children
Authors: Bandatmakur Madhav , Bench Carter , Ngwa Ngum , Osman Heba , Dave Pooja , Farooqi Ahmad , Sivaswamy Lalitha 
Published: April 2021

Background: Knowledge of the factors that predispose to postdural puncture headache in children may help reduce the occurrence of this complication. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children who presented to the study institution between 2010 and 2018 was conducted. Children were divided into 2 groups: those who experienced postdural puncture headache and those who did not. The 2 groups were compared with respect to certain demographic, technical, and personnel-related factors. Only children who had opening pressure documented during the procedure were included in the core study group. Results: In univariate analysis, children aged ≥10 years, female gender, children with higher body mass index, standard blinded lumbar puncture procedure, use of sedation, higher opening pressure, and presence of pseudotumor cerebri increased the probability of postdural puncture headache. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, presence of pseudotumor cerebri was the only factor that attained statistical significance when the opening pressure was measured and documented. Conclusions: The risk factors for postdural puncture headache in a pediatric cohort varied from risk factors that are classically implicated in adults.
Solriamfetol for the Management of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: Cuomo Megan C , Sheehan Amy H , Jordan Joe K 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To review efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of solriamfetol for management of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: PubMed (1966 to January 2021) was searched using the terms solriamfetol, JZP-110, ADX-N05 and Sunosi. Human studies published in peer-reviewed medical journals in English language were reviewed. Results: The efficacy and safety of solriamfetol has been reported in 2 phase II trials and 4 phase III trials (TONES 2, TONES 3, TONES 4, and TONES 5). Statistically significant improvements in the maintenance of wakefulness test were reported with solriamfetol 150 mg and 300 mg vs placebo in participants with narcolepsy (7.65- to 10.14-minute difference from placebo). In subjects with OSA, statistically significant improvements in maintenance of wakefulness test difference from placebo were also observed in those taking solriamfetol 75 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg vs placebo (4.5- to 12.8-minute difference from placebo). Statistically significant reductions in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were also reported in phase III trials in subjects with narcolepsy or OSA taking solriamfetol vs placebo (ranging from − 4.7 to − 1.9 difference from placebo). Common adverse events in reported in phase III trials were headache, nausea, decreased appetite, anxiety, dry mouth, and diarrhea. Solriamfetol appears to have a reduced risk for drug interactions and fewer adverse effects compared to other agents available for management of EDS in patients with narcolepsy and OSA. Conclusions: Solriamfetol is an effective option for management of EDS in patients with narcolepsy and OSA.