bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open for business in a closed world? Managing MNE nonmarket strategy in times of populism and geopolitical uncertainty
Authors: White III George O. , Rajwani Tazeeb , Lawton Thomas C. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The international strategies of multinational enterprises are increasingly augmented by insights on, and approaches to, external stakeholders and nonmarket dynamics. The rise of populism and increased geopolitical uncertainty have accelerated these efforts, particularly for business leaders anticipating and engaging external agents, events, and issues that challenge the strategic objectives of their enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper we explain why the increased preponderance of populism and geopolitical uncertainty are concurrently posing an existential threat to the post-Cold War global economy predicated on free trade and (relatively) open borders and, consequently, challenging the structures and strategies of international business.

Findings
We provide an overview of the four papers in our special issue and consider how each advances insights on how multinational enterprises effectively navigate the nonmarket uncertainties of the contemporary global economy. We then advance four important areas for international business research on multinational nonmarket strategies: (i) resilience and legitimacy; (ii), diversification; (iii), market and nonmarket strategy integration; and (iv), institutional arbitrage.

Research limitations/implications
We anticipate that nonmarket strategy scholars can build on these themes to assess how nonmarket strategies can better enable multinational enterprises to survive and thrive in an age of heightened global risk and uncertainty.

Originality/value
This paper and the related special issue provides novel theoretical insights by drawing attention to the relatively under-researched realm of multinational enterprise nonmarket strategy, particularly in populist contexts and during periods of geopolitical uncertainty. Importantly, we identify four promising domains – resilience and legitimacy, diversification, the integration of market and nonmarket strategy, and institutional arbitrage – for international business scholars investigating nonmarket strategy to consider. We anticipate that our paper, as well as other papers in this special issue, contribute further momentum to this burgeoning area of research.
Bullying and turnover intentions: how creative employees overcome perceptions of dysfunctional organizational politics
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Fatima Tasneem , Jahanzeb Sadia 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study seeks to unpack the relationship between employees' exposure to workplace bullying and their turnover intentions, with a particular focus on the possible mediating role of perceived organizational politics and moderating role of creativity.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested with multi-source, multi-wave data collected from employees and their peers in various organizations.FindingsWorkplace bullying spurs turnover intentions because employees believe they operate in strongly politicized organizational environments. This mediating role of perceived organizational politics is mitigated to the extent that employees can draw from their creative skills though.Practical implicationsFor managers, this study pinpoints a critical reason – employees perceive that they operate in an organizational climate that endorses dysfunctional politics – by which bullying behaviors stimulate desires to leave the organization. It also reveals how this process might be contained by spurring employees' creativity.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insights into the process that underlies the connection between workplace bullying and quitting intentions by revealing the hitherto overlooked roles of employees' beliefs about dysfunctional politics and their own creativity levels.
Starbucks in China: what lessons can Starbucks learn from Luckin?
Authors: Bertels Heidi M.J. , Desplaces David 
Published: September 2021

Theoretical basis
The case integrates frameworks on business models, the business model canvas (BMC) and Porter’s generic strategies in the context of the coffee industry in China. The case enables students to construct a Business Model Canvas for competing companies, analyze the canvas to deduce the generic strategy they are pursuing, and formulate recommendations based on this analysis.

Research methodology
The case is derived from secondary sources, including publicly available reports and information about Starbucks and Luckin.

Case overview/synopsis
This case looks at Starbucks in China as it faces a fierce Chinese competitor and evolving consumer behavior. Luckin, a Chinese coffee store company, had seen explosive growth since its inception in Beijing in 2017. By late 2019, its number of brick-and-mortar locations surpassed the number of Starbucks’ coffee stores in China, which had entered the Chinese market two decades earlier in 1999. Luckin’s focused on convenience through leveraging technology and reducing costs by limiting physical stores. Although Luckin’s fortunes turned in March of 2020, after an accounting scandal came to light, Luckin’s success suggests that consumers were attracted to its positioning as a “fast coffee pickup and delivery” provider. The case describes Starbucks’ strategy in China, which it sees as an important long-term growth market. It also describes the strategic activities of fast-growing, Chinese coffee company Luckin and discusses Chinese culture and consumer behavior.

Complexity academic level
The case is written for undergraduate students enrolled in a business strategy or corporate entrepreneurship course. Given that the case centers on China, it could also be used in international entrepreneurship/business courses.
Do human infrastructures shape nest distribution in the landscape depending on individual personality in a farmland bird of prey?
Authors: Rabdeau Juliette , Arroyo Beatriz , Mougeot François , Badenhausser Isabelle , Bretagnolle Vincent , Monceau Karine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Individuals' distribution across habitats may depend on their personality. Human activities and infrastructures are critical elements of the landscape that may impact the habitat selection process. However, depending on their personality, individuals may respond differently to these unnatural elements.

In the present study, we first investigated whether some human infrastructures (buildings, roads and paths) shaped Montagu's harrier nest spatial distribution in the landscape according to female personality (boldness). Second, we tested if the reproductive success of females depended on their boldness and nest location regarding infrastructures.

Using a long‐term (19 years) dataset, we calculated, for each infrastructure type, the distance from each nest to the nearest infrastructure and the infrastructure density around the nest. We tested the effects of female boldness (bold vs. shy) and its interaction with egg‐laying date on these six metrics.

Nest location in the landscape depended on female personality and on some human infrastructures: the building density was smaller around nests from shy females than from bold ones. Nest distribution related to other infrastructure metrics did not depend on female boldness. The pattern related to building density is consistent with some habitat choice hypotheses, which are discussed. Path density around nests negatively affected reproductive success regardless of female boldness, and late breeders nested further away from paths than early breeders. Human activities on paths (more common later in the season) could lead to disturbance and a decrease in parental care, reducing reproductive success.

Increasing human presence in farmlands implies a need to better understand its impact on population composition, in terms of personality. Our results suggest that individual behavioural differences should be taken into account in studies assessing the effects of human disturbance on animal populations, to propose more appropriate conservation measures.
A revolt of the deplored? The role of perceived cultural distance in the educational gradient in anti‐establishment politics
Authors: Noordzij Kjell , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnti‐establishment politics have become part of contemporary Western democracies. Less‐educated citizens in particular have been found to display political distrust and populist attitudes, support populist parties, and abstain from voting. We advance a novel explanation for these patterns, drawing on extant theoretical insights to hypothesize that less‐ and more‐educated citizens differ in the extent to which they perceive politicians to be culturally distant to them. Informed by our earlier in‐depth qualitative research, we developed novel indicators of such perceptions and included them in a survey fielded among a high‐quality panel representative of the Dutch population. We found: 1) positive associations between perceived cultural distance to politicians and political distrust, populist attitudes, the intention to vote for a populist party, and non‐voting; and 2) that, overall, perceived cultural distance contributes substantially more to the educational gradient in anti‐establishment political attitudes and behavior than the conventional rationalist and materialist approaches.
A chromosome‐level genome of Antechinus flavipes provides a reference for an Australian marsupial genus with male death after mating
Authors: Tian Ran , Han Kai , Geng Yuepan , Yang Chen , Shi Chengcheng , Thomas Patrick B. , Pearce Coral , Moffatt Kate , Ma Siming , Xu Shixia , Yang Guang , Zhou Xuming , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Liu Xin , Fisher Diana O. , Chopin Lisa K. , Leiner Natália O. , Baker Andrew M. , Fan Guangyi , Seim Inge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 15 species of small carnivorous marsupials that comprise the genus Antechinus exhibit semelparity, a rare life‐history strategy in mammals where synchronized death occurs after one breeding season. Antechinus males, but not females, age rapidly (demonstrate organismal senescence) during the breeding season and show promise as new animal models of ageing. Some antechinus species are also threatened or endangered. Here, we report a chromosome‐level genome of a male yellow‐footed antechinus Antechinus flavipes. The genome assembly has a total length of 3.2 Gb with a contig N50 of 51.8 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 636.7 Mb. We anchored and oriented 99.7% of the assembly on seven pseudochromosomes and found that repetitive DNA sequences occupy 51.8% of the genome. Draft genome assemblies of three related species in the subfamily Phascogalinae, two additional antechinus species (Antechinus argentus and A. arktos) and the iteroparous sister species Murexia melanurus, were also generated. Preliminary demographic analysis supports the hypothesis that climate change during the Pleistocene isolated species in Phascogalinae and shaped their population size. A transcriptomic profile across the A. flavipes breeding season allowed us to identify genes associated with aspects of the male die‐off. The chromosome‐level A. flavipes genome provides a steppingstone to understanding an enigmatic life‐history strategy and a resource to assist the conservation of antechinuses.
Type B thymoma in a patient with HIV infection: A case report with a review of HIV and thymoma coexistence
Authors: Zhou Yaxuan , Bing Zhongxing , Qin Yingzhi , Ma Dongjie , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHIV infection predisposes people to cancer, including AIDS‐defining cancers, such as Kaposi sarcoma, and a broad range of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers. Here we report a case with rare coexistence of HIV and thymoma, and summarize all the comorbid cases that currently exist. We found that in all the cases reported, thymoma occurred when CD4+ counts were within a normal range, but the immune response in peripheral T‐cell repertoire remains unknown. In our case, an overview of the immune system under this complicated situation is given for the first time by showing the lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood and the immune cell distribution of the thymoma. This case expands the scope of non‐AIDS‐defining cancers, and provides insight into the influence of the immune system under two immunocompromising conditions, HIV infection and thymoma.
How Changes in Expectations of Earnings Affect the Associations of Earnings Overstatements and Audit Effort with Audit Risk and Market Price*
Authors: Patterson Evelyn R. , Smith J. Reed , Tiras Samuel L. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIn this study, we provide theoretical guidance for both analytical research and empirical research by considering how changing expectations of earnings affect a dishonest manager's strategy to overstate earnings and an auditor's strategy to exert effort in a two‐period setting. We expect our study's insights on changing economic conditions to help shape future research. We model the manager type as either honest or dishonest, which allows us to differentiate audit risk from audit effort. The key takeaways for future research are the insights on how changes in payoffs and expected earnings affect the associations that involve earnings overstatements and audit effort with audit risk and market price. For instance, researchers typically assume audit effort and audit risk are negatively associated, but we find the association can be positive when, for example, the auditor chooses a period 2 strategy based on the changes in period 1 game parameters. The results of our study provide two additional key insights on the design of future empirical tests. First, by dichotomizing, we show the importance of estimating the intercept in the market pricing equation when studying earnings quality, because market price also adjusts for expected bias through changes in the intercept. Second, our multiperiod setting demonstrates that the effects from a change in the manager's or auditor's incentives in period 1 may reverse in period 2. Empirical studies typically examine the contemporaneous effects of these changes on market price and/or audit risk but fail to identify the cross‐temporal effects we document in our study.
A novel and efficient method for wood–leaf separation from terrestrial laser scanning point clouds at the forest plot level
Authors: Wan Peng , Shao Jie , Jin Shuangna , Wang Tiejun , Yang Shengmei , Yan Guangjian , Zhang Wuming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

With the increasing use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology in the field of forest ecology, a large number of studies have been carried out on the separation of wood and leaves based on TLS point cloud data. However, most wood–leaf separation methods adopt the point‐wise classification strategy, which is not efficient for processing large‐volume TLS datasets acquired at the forest plot level.

In this study, we proposed a segment‐wise classification strategy to improve the efficiency of the wood–leaf separation from large‐volume TLS point cloud datasets collected at the forest plot. The proposed method first decomposes the point cloud into three parts based on the threshold values of its local curvature. Then, the first two parts with lower local curvatures were segmented respectively by a connected component labelling algorithm. Finally, the segmented point clouds were classified into wood or leaf segments according to the segment‐wise geometric features of each segment. We tested our method on both needleleaf and broadleaf forest plots in temperate and tropical forests. We also compared our method with two other state‐of‐the‐art wood–leaf separation methods, that is, the CANUPO and LeWoS.

The results showed that our method was more than 10 times faster than the compared methods while maintaining comparable and even higher accuracy.

Our study demonstrates that the segment‐wise classification strategy applies to the large‐volume TLS datasets and can greatly improve the efficiency of the classification. The proposed method is simple, fast and universally applicable to the TLS data from various tree species and forest types at the plot level, which may facilitate the adoption of TLS technology by forest ecologists in their studies.
Trehalose activates hepatic transcription factor EB (TFEB) but fails to ameliorate alcohol‐impaired TFEB and liver injury in mice
Authors: Chao Xiaojuan , Wang Shaogui , Yang Ling , Ni Hong‐Min , Ding Wen‐Xing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence demonstrates that alcohol activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and impairs hepatic transcription factor EB (TFEB) reducing autophagy and contributing to alcohol‐induced liver injury. Trehalose, a disaccharide, activates TFEB and protects against diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether trehalose would reverse the impairment of TFEB induced by alcohol and protect against alcohol‐induced liver injury.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were subjected to chronic‐plus‐binge (Gao‐binge) alcohol feeding with and without trehalose supplementation. Some mice were also administrered Alda‐1, an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 agonist.ResultsWe found that Alda‐1 did not affect Gao‐binge alcohol‐induced mTOR activation and impaired TFEB in mouse livers. Trehalose increased TFEB nuclear translocation, elevated levels of LC3‐II and lysosomal proteins in mouse livers and cultured AML12 cells, confirming the activation of TFEB by trehalose. However, trehalose did not improve the impairment in TFEB induced by Gao‐binge alcohol. Both Alda‐1 and trehalose failed to protect against Gao‐binge alcohol‐induced steatosis and liver injury, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), histological analysis, and levels of hepatic triglyceride. Interestingly, trehalose increased expression of pro‐inflammatory genes in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and slightly increased the infiltration of hepatic neutrophils and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in Gao‐binge alcohol‐fed mice livers.ConclusionsTrehalose fails to improve the impaired TFEB induced by Gao‐binge alcohol and does not protect against alcohol‐induced liver injury.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance elastography assesses progression and regression of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Chen Jingbiao , Martin‐Mateos Rosa , Li Jiahui , Yin Ziying , Chen Jie , Lu Xin , Glaser Kevin J. , Mounajjed Taofic , Yashiro Hiroaki , Siegelman Jenifer , Winkelmann Christopher T. , Wang Jin , Ehman Richard L. , Shah Vijay H. , Yin Meng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI‐based elastography (MRE) are the most promising noninvasive techniques in assessing liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an advanced multiparametric imaging method for staging disease and assessing treatment response in realistic preclinical alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD).MethodsWe utilized four different preclinical mouse models in our study: Model 1—mice were fed a fast‐food diet and fructose water for 48 weeks to induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Model 2—mice were fed chronic‐binge ethanol (EtOH) for 10 days or 8 weeks to induce liver steatosis/inflammation. Two groups of mice were treated with interleukin‐22 at different time points to induce disease regression; Model 3—mice were administered CCl4 for 2 to 4 weeks to establish liver fibrosis followed by 2 or 4 weeks of recovery; and Model 4—mice were administered EtOH plus CCl4 for 12 weeks. Mouse liver imaging biomarkers including proton density fat fraction (PDFF), liver stiffness (LS), loss modulus (LM), and damping ratio (DR) were assessed. Liver and serum samples were obtained for histologic and biochemical analyses. Ordinal logistic regression and generalized linear regression analyses were used to model the severity of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and to assess the regression of these conditions.ResultsMultiparametric models with combinations of biomarkers (LS, LM, DR, and PDFF) used noninvasively to predict the histologic severity and regression of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were highly accurate (area under the curve > 0.84 for all). A three‐parameter model that incorporates LS, DR, and ALT predicted histologic fibrosis progression (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001) and regression (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) as measured by collagen content in livers.ConclusionThis preclinical study provides evidence that multiparametric MRI/MRE can be used noninvasively to assess disease severity and monitor treatment response in ALD.
Neonatal outcome and adaption after in utero exposure to antidepressants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kautzky Alexander , Slamanig Rudolf , Unger Annemarie , Höflich Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders are both common and especially challenging during pregnancy. Considering possible risks of intrauterine drug exposure of the child, the role of psychopharmacological treatment is ambiguous and various negative obstetric outcomes were inconsistently associated with medication. Consequently, a critical examination of peri‐ and postnatal phenomena associated with intrauterine exposure to antidepressants based on serotonin reuptake inhibition (SRI) and subsumed under the term “poor neonatal adaptation syndrome” (PNAS) is urgently called for.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted, revealing a total number of 33 relevant studies and 69 individual outcomes among 3025 screened studies. Seventeen outcomes allowed meta‐analytic evaluation (random effects model). Measures for heterogeneity (I2) and contour‐enhanced funnel plots were generated.ResultsSingle studies showed increased risks for deficits in neurological functioning and autonomous adaptation in SRI exposed infants. Meta‐analytical evaluation showed increased symptom occurrence or severity in exposed neonates for low APGAR scores, birth weight, size for gestational age, preterm delivery, neuromuscular and autonomous regulation, and higher rates of admission to specialized care. Mostly, increased risk after SRI exposure was supported by comparison to unexposed infants born to mothers diagnosed with depression.ConclusionWhereas statistically significant evidence for various effects of intrauterine exposure to SRI was found, the clinical relevance remains unresolved because of inherently low data quality in this research domain and insufficiently defined samples and outcomes. More systematic research under ethical considerations is required to improve multiprofessional counseling in the many women dealing with MDD during pregnancy and the peripartum.