bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging for paracentral acute maculopathy; the diagnostic role of en face OCT
Authors: Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Khalili Pour Elias , Fadakar Kaveh , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Ghassemi Fariba , Nourinia Ramin , Khojasteh Hassan , Attarian Behnoosh , Faghihi Hooshang , Ahmadieh Hamid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
To describe the features of multimodal imaging and the diagnostic role of en face OCT in the paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) spectrum.

Methods
In this observational case series, 5 eyes of 5 patients with acute PAMM were identified. Demographic characteristics as well as data regarding the underlying disease, presenting visual acuity (VA) and ophthalmic examination results were recorded. All patients underwent multimodal imaging within 3 days after symptom onset.

Results
The mean age of patients was 52.2 (range, 33–67) years. Systemic comorbidities including diabetes mellitus and hypertension were identified in two patients. Except for one patient diagnosed with isolated PAMM, other patients had signs of retinal vascular disease such as a cilioretinal artery or branch retinal artery obstruction, non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, or a combination of these vascular disorders. The central vision was preserved in two cases; however, the remaining cases presented with profound VA reduction. Different patterns of PAMM including arterial, globular, and fern-like were observed in en face OCT at deep capillary plexus (DCP) level. En face OCT images could precisely delineate the margin of the PAMM area. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed decreased vascular density in DCP. Unresolved projection artifact by conventional OCTA software was observed in DCP and choriocapillaris slabs in all cases.

Conclusion
En face structural OCT in PAMM can delineate the area of ischemia and the degree of foveal involvement. Unresolved projection artifact by conventional OCTA software in the PAMM area can be seen in DCP and choriocapillaris layers.
Comparison of knowledge, attitude, socioeconomic burden, and mental health disorders of COVID-19 pandemic between general population and health care workers in Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Ramadan Haidi Karam-Allah , Refay Samah Mohammed , Khashbah Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The global devastating effect of COVID-19 has caused anxiety and fear to variable extent among the public. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, socioeconomic burden, and the mental health problems regarding anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 on the general population and HCWs in Egypt.

Methods
This study was conducted using a semi-structured online questionnaire in May 2020. Data on demographic features, socioeconomic scale, knowledge, and attitude regarding COVID-19 and the effect on different aspects of life were collected. Assessment was done using Arabic versions of Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, Beck’s Depression Inventory–II, and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. We divided participants into non-health care workers (non-HCWs) and HCWs groups.

Results
There were 524 participants who responded to the survey from 23 governorates. More than half of the participants were females (57.4%), middle age (53%), and middle socioeconomic class (66.6%). Non-HCWs were 402 and HCWs were 122. Most participants had good knowledge about the disease and a positive attitude toward protective measures particularly in HCWs. COVID-19 showed negative impact on different aspects of participants’ life. HCWs had higher frequency of anxiety (32%) and OCD (29%) than non-HCWs (30% and 28%, respectively) while non-HCWs had higher depression (69%) than HCWs (66.4%). HCWs had higher rates of severe depression (20.5%) with moderate and severe OCD (4.9%, 1.6% respectively) than non-HCWs. Female gender, young age, urban residence, students, smoking, history of medical illness, and low socioeconomic class were significant associated factors.

Conclusions
Health care workers had good knowledge about COVID-19 and a positive attitude toward the protective measures relative to non-HCWs. COVID-19 had a negative impact on different aspects of life and had a major association with the anxiety, depression, and OCD in both groups. Health professionals are more likely to have these psychological consequences.
Prevalence of antinuclear antibody in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study
Authors: Alnajashi Hind , Alshamrani Foziah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) is a common test for excluding alternative diagnoses. However, the significance of ANA testing in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear.

Objectives
To compare the prevalence of positive ANA antibody and its titer between patients with MS (cases) and non-MS patients who attended neurology clinics (control) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A case-control review of ANA results for all patients who attended a neurology MS clinic. We compared a convenience sample of patients with MS with individuals with general neurology problems and no known autoimmune diseases.

Results
There were 115 and 103 participants in the MS and control group, respectively. The mean age in the MS and control group was 33.76 ± 8.96 years and 34.95 ± 8.56 years, respectively. In the MS group, 25.22%, 60%, 11.30%, and 3.48% were negative, mildly positive, moderately positive, and strongly positive for ANA, respectively. In the control group, there were 34.95%, 54.37%, and 10.68% were negative, mild positive, and moderate positive, respectively. There were numerically, but not significantly, more positive cases in the MS group (74.78%) than in the control group (65.05%) (p = .117).

Conclusion
ANA testing in routine MS screening for excluding alternative diagnoses should be discouraged unless there is a remarkable history or clinical examination finding. Mild positive ANA is common among patients with MS and does not significantly differ from the general population.
Concurrent bronchopulmonary foregut malformations: a rare case of right-sided extralobar pulmonary sequestration and bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Hanna Carolyn , Sharma Priya G. , Mustafa Moiz M. , Reppucci Jennifer , Shenoy Archana , Rajderkar Dhanashree 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations are rare congenital malformations. It is extremely rare to have malformations that occur simultaneously. There is literature to show that extralobar sequestration is associated with other congenital anomalies, most commonly diaphragmatic hernias, and also with other bronchopulmonary foregut malformations (e.g., extralobar sequestration and congenital pulmonary airway malformations). However, very few case reports were found that reported extralobar sequestration and foregut duplication cysts and only one report of a right-sided complex foregut malformation with pulmonary sequestration.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 3-month-old male infant with a prenatal diagnosis of a cystic lung lesion who, after developing symptoms of respiratory distress, was found to have concurrent right-sided extralobar pulmonary sequestration and a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.

Conclusions
The concurrent occurrence of these malformations in one patient could help support the theory that these malformations result from an early error in development during the time when both the lung buds and foregut are developing simultaneously.
Inverted aortic bioprosthetic for mitral valve replacement with Ross procedure: case report
Authors: McPherson Iain , Bayliss Christopher , Generali Tommaso , Booth Karen , Hasan Asif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A 34-year-old gentleman presented with Staphylococcus salivarius infective endocarditis 13 years after aortic homograft and mitral valve repair for degenerative bicuspid aortic valve associated with rheumatic heart disease. The homograft had calcified, and the mitral repair had deteriorated with severe regurgitation. Multidisciplinary team decision to restore best quality of life was for re-do Ross procedure with bi-leaflet preserving mitral valve replacement with an inverted RESILIA aortic valve as the patient was fundamentally against lifelong anti-coagulation.

Case presentation
The aortic homograft was excised, and coronary arteries dissected out followed by harvesting of the pulmonary autograft. The mitral valve was accessed via a trans-septal approach. On examination, there was a restricted and thickened posterior mitral valve leaflet. An inverted 27-mm INSPIRIS RESILIA aortic bio-prosthesis was placed with mitral cusps preserved. The pulmonary autograft was implanted in an intra-annular position, and a 26-mm pulmonary homograft was used to replace the pulmonary valve. Echocardiogram at 4 weeks revealed preserved LV function and well-functioning prosthetic, autograft and homograft.

Conclusion
An inverted RESILIA valve, with its anti-structural valve deterioration properties, can be used in the mitral position with preservation of the mitral cusps to avoid anti-coagulation with the hope of reducing need for re-operation in line with patient wishes.
Correlation between left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and dyslipidaemia in asymptomatic patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hassan Ayman K. M. , Abdallah Mahmoud A. , Abdel-Mageed Eman A. , Marwa Sayed , Soliman Mona M. , Kishk Yehia T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoor glycaemic control is associated with a greater risk of development of heart failure in diabetic patients. We aimed to study the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with new-onset type 2 DM. We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with newly diagnosed (within 1 year) type 2 DM; all patients were between the ages of 30 and 60 years, normotensive and clinically asymptomatic and attended the outpatient clinic of the endocrinology unit at a university hospital between March 2016 and June 2017. Demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. Blood samples for laboratory analysis were obtained. Detailed echocardiography was performed to evaluate systolic and diastolic function.ResultsA total of 100 patients were included. Sixty-one percent had diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was more prevalent in diabetic patients with HbA1c ≥ 8.1 (75%) Patients with LVDD had significant dyslipidaemia in comparison to those without LVDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WHR and HbA1c levels are the only predictors of impaired diastolic function in patients with new-onset DM. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a significant correlation between the incidence of diastolic dysfunction and the duration of DM, with higher incidence with HbA1c ≥ 8.1.ConclusionsDiastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with newly diagnosed DM and is positively correlated with HbA1c level, obesity, dyslipidaemia and the duration of diabetes.
Diet and Nutrition Advice After a Solid Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Mullee Amy , O’Donoghue Aidan , Dhuibhir Pauline Uí , O’Donoghue Niamh , Burke Deirdre , McSharry Veronica , Stewart Gillian , Casey Louise , Donnelly Yvonne , Gallagher Julie , Higgins Kiera , Roulston Fiona , Barrett Michelle , Corish Clare A. , Walsh Declan 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: Credible evidence-based diet and nutrition advice is essential for patients with cancer. This study aimed to explore what advice patients with cancer obtained before a formal dietetic visit. METHODS: A multicenter, observational study was conducted in seven hospital-based oncology services. Consecutive patients were recruited at first dietetic assessment. In addition to routine dietetic assessment, participants completed a four-item questionnaire describing diet and nutrition advice obtained since diagnosis. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients participated. More than 80% had multiple nutrition-impact symptoms. In total, 53 (69%) obtained advice from professional and nonprofessional sources before dietetic visit. Family and friends were the most common sources of advice. More than one third got advice from (nondietetic) healthcare professionals. Most advice related to “foods to include” (61%) and “foods to avoid” (54%) in the diet. Many of the “foods to avoid” were important sources of micro- and macronutrients. Advice about dietary supplements (31%) and specific diets (28%) was common, rarely evidence-based, and frequently contradictory. Participants found it difficult to discern what advice was trustworthy and reliable. Despite this, most followed the advice. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients received diet and nutrition advice before first dietetic visit. Most of this came from nonprofessional sources. Any advice from nondietetic healthcare professionals was inconsistent or vague. This was mainly related to the avoidance and/or inclusion of particular foods and was often contradictory. Nevertheless, patients usually followed such advice fully. To help manage their frequent nutrition-impact symptoms and resolve the contradictory advice they had received, many expressed the need for earlier professional dietetic consultation.
Developing Workshops to Enhance Hope Among Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer and Oncologists: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shah Mirat , Ferguson Anna , Corn Phyllis Dvora , Varadhan Ravi , Ariely Dan , Stearns Vered , Smith B. Douglas , Smith Thomas J. , Corn Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: Hope is a modifiable entity that can be augmented. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a short intervention to increase hopefulness in patients with advanced breast cancer and oncologists. METHODS: We enrolled eligible participants to two cohorts: one for patients with metastatic breast cancer and one for medical, radiation, or surgical oncologists. The intervention, a half-day hope enhancement workshop, included groups of 10-15 participants within each cohort. Participants in both cohorts completed preworkshop, postworkshop, and 3-month evaluations, which included the Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Global Health (PROMIS-GH) measures in patients, and the AHS, HHI, and a burnout self-assessment tool in physicians. RESULTS: We consented 13 patients and 26 oncologists for participation in the workshop and 76.9% (n = 10) of consented patients and 100% (n = 26) of consented physicians participated. Postworkshop, all participants planned to incorporate what they learned into their daily lives. In patients, AHS scores increased from preworkshop to postworkshop, and the mean change of 5.90 was significant (range 0-15, SD: 4.7, t = 3.99, P = .0032). HHI scores also increased, although the mean change was not significant. AHS and HHI scores did not significantly change in oncologists from preworkshop to postworkshop. At 3 months, less than half of the participants responded to the evaluation. CONCLUSION: We found that conducting a hope-enhancement workshop for patients with metastatic breast cancer and oncologists was feasible, generally acceptable to both populations, and associated with increased hopefulness in patients. Next steps should focus on confirming this effect in a randomized study and maintaining this effect in the postworkshop interval.
How Shall We Let This Text, or Anything, Teach Us?
Authors: Ong Yi-Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow do we come to share an ethical outlook with others? Is it possible to teach ethics? What does it mean to live with others when we do not (always) inhabit the same world? J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello engages these profound ethical questions in its very form. Whereas critics argue that the novel either takes up or evades the task of ethical instruction, this article shows that the text disputes the basic assumptions of ethical literary criticism. Elizabeth Costello makes a powerful case for the difference of the novel vis-à-vis other forms of ethical discourse. What is at stake in Coetzee’s choice of the novel qua fiction is an attempt to engage the status of fiction in relation to the status of ethical discourse in our time. Contemporary ethical discourse unfolds within a context in which it is considered to be no more than a necessary fiction. Coetzee’s text places this stance within the framework of fiction—not primarily to demonstrate its falsity but to stage an alternate or rival fiction, one that challenges our fundamental assumptions about fiction, ethics, and existence.
Gained in Translation: Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s Soviet Travels
Authors: Zaitseva Lusia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article expands our understanding of cultural exchange between the Soviet Union and writers from the third world during the eras of Thaw and Stagnation. It examines Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s little-known Urdu-language travelogue about his time in the USSR, Mah o sāl-i-āshnā’i: yādon kā majmūʻah (Months and Years of Friendship: Recollections; 1979), arguing that Faiz’s text is distinct from earlier, Western travelers’ accounts in its articulation of the complexities of his subject position vis-à-vis the Soviet state. It does so by translating his experience into the richly ambiguous Indo-Persian literary and cultural idiom. The article examines the ambiguities introduced into Faiz’s text through intertextuality with this idiom derived from the Persian dastān and Urdu ghazel traditions. With the help of both direct and indirect allusion to those traditions, Faiz’s complex attitude toward what Terry Martin has called the world’s “first affirmative action empire” and Nancy Condee has described as an “anti-imperial empire” comes most clearly into view. Ultimately, Faiz’s text suggests that socialist internationalism was not just a vertical structure controlled by Moscow but a horizontal network shaped by powerful cultural allegiances that were not easily overcome.
Diagnostic values of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US for Preoperative Lymph Node Staging in Thyroid Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Keunyoung , Shim Sung-Ryul , Lee Sang-Woo , Kim Seong-Jang 
Published: February 2021

Objective
This study compared the diagnostic performance of three different imaging modalities for preoperative lymph node (LN) staging in thyroid cancer patients, using a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies evaluating the performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET or PET/CT), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US) for preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients. The NMA included both patient- and lesion-based analyses. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values was used to decide on the most effective diagnostic method.

Results
A total of 3,571 patients from 19 direct comparison studies using three different imaging modalities for preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients were included. US showed the highest SUCRA values for positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy in detection of all cervical LN metastasis. F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT and US showed the highest SUCRA values for PPV and sensitivity, respectively, for central LN, and the highest SUCRA value of specificity and sensitivity, respectively, for lateral LN.

Conclusion
The results from this NMA indicate that F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US have complementary diagnostic roles for preoperative staging in thyroid cancer patients.

Advances in knowledge
Using NMA, we comprehensively compared the different diagnostic values and limitations of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT, CT, and US for the preoperative LN staging in thyroid cancer patients.
Logic-Based Benders Decomposition and Binary Decision Diagram Based Approaches for Stochastic Distributed Operating Room Scheduling
Authors: Guo Cheng , Bodur Merve , Aleman Dionne M. , Urbach David R. 
Published: February 2021

The distributed operating room (OR) scheduling problem aims to find an assignment of surgeries to ORs across collaborating hospitals that share their waiting lists and ORs. We propose a stochastic extension of this problem where surgery durations are considered to be uncertain. In order to obtain solutions for the challenging stochastic model, we use sample average approximation and develop two enhanced decomposition frameworks that use logic-based Benders (LBBD) optimality cuts and binary decision diagram based Benders cuts. Specifically, to the best of our knowledge, deriving LBBD optimality cuts in a stochastic programming context is new to the literature. Our computational experiments on a hospital data set illustrate that the stochastic formulation generates robust schedules and that our algorithms improve the computational efficiency. Summary of Contribution: We propose a new model for an important problem in healthcare scheduling, namely, stochastic distributed operating room scheduling, which is inspired by a current practice in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We develop two decomposition methods that are computationally faster than solving the model directly via a state-of-the-art solver. We present both some theoretical results for our algorithms and numerical results for the evaluation of the model and algorithms. Compared with its deterministic counterpart in the literature, our model shows improvement in relevant evaluation metrics for the underlying scheduling problem. In addition, our algorithms exploit the structure of the model and improve its solvability. Those algorithms also have the potential to be used to tackle other planning and scheduling problems with a similar structure.
Compensating Online Content Producers: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Qian Kun 
Published: February 2021

The digital content industry is rapidly growing, and many platforms host a vast amount of content that is produced by independent producers. A major source of revenue for these platforms is advertising. However, advertising revenue depends on the number of active customers who visit the platform and enjoy content created by content producers. Therefore, major platforms provide incentives for content producers to encourage high-quality content creation. A commonly used incentive is ad revenue sharing. In this paper, we study how such sharing incentives are affected by the nature of competition among various producers, the size of customer base, and the type of customers. We also examine the implications for profits and welfare and extend the analysis to consider the case when the platform allows consumers to directly donate to the producers. Our results show that increased producer competition can lead to higher compensation for the producers, higher content quality, and higher producers’ profits. We also show that allowing consumers to donate to producers can lead to a higher commission rate and better-quality content. However, increased consumer generosity may lead to lower profits for content producers. In addition, we find that asymmetry among producers can sometimes benefit the platform. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.