bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the Netherlands
Authors: Bilardo Caterina M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the Netherlands prenatal screening is offered as a mean to increase reproductive choices of couples. All women are counseled on the existing options by trained midwives. The government puts a great emphasis on informed choice and on womens’ opinions and reactions to screenings options. Since 2017 non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT, cf-DNA) is offered as first tier screening for aneuploidies in the genome-wide (GW) variant at the cost of 175 Euro’s. Uptake is around 50%. This screenings offer is perceived as unconventional for the traditionally cautious Dutch system.
Phototherapy meets immunotherapy: a win–win strategy to fight against cancer
Authors: Zou Jianhua , Li Ling , Yang Zhen , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhototherapy usually includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) to induce cell death. PDT utilizes the sensitization of the photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species by the intersystem crossing while PTT undergoes nonradiative decay to generate heat. Cancer immunotherapy has evolved as a new therapeutic modality to eradicate tumor cells by activating antigen-presenting cells, and thus, inducing innate or adaptive immune responses. Phototherapy is able to stimulate the immune system, usually by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an oncological treatment that combines the phototherapy of the tumor with immunotherapy treatment. Combining phototherapy with immunotherapy enhances the immunostimulating response and has synergistic effects for metastatic cancer treatment. PIT is able to enhance the antitumor immune response by ICD and prevent tumor metastases and recurrence. In this review article, we would like to summarize the recent advances in the development of phototherapy (such as PDT, PTT, and synergistic PDT/PTT) triggered immunotherapy for cancer treatment. In addition, immunotherapy triggered by phototherapy and other therapeutic modalities will be discussed. PIT may be a win-win strategy to fight against cancer.
Selection and characterization of siderophores of pathogenic Escherichia coli intestinal and extraintestinal isolates
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Kumar Yashwant , Kumar Gaurav , Tahlan Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Microorganisms adopt a unique mechanism for sequestration and transport of bound iron by producing iron-chelating molecules called siderophores. Siderophores play an important role in colonization of microbes in iron-deficient sites of the host, hence acting as an important virulence factor and promising carriers of antimicrobials to target sites inside the microbial cells. The research was conducted to identify and characterize the siderophores of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different parts of India. A total of 534 confirmed E. coli isolates were tested for the expression of siderophores using chrome azurol S agar method and its type were determined by Csaky and Arnow assays for hydroxamate and catecholate-type siderophores, respectively. The obtained results revealed a difference in siderophore-type expression by intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. On chrome azurol S agar 45.1% of pathogenic E. coli. were found to produce siderophores, 12.5% isolates were found to produce catechol-type siderophore and 35.4% isolates produced hydroxamate-type siderophore; and isolates could be classified into five sidero-types (1) only hydroxamate producing (2) only catechol producing (3) both catechol and hydroxamate producing (4) producing siderophores other than hydroxamate and catechol types and (5) siderophore non-producers. Siderophore production was detected in isolates from all geographical regions and in all seasons of the year. The findings conclude that siderophore production is one of the important virulence and epidemiological markers of intestinal as well as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli.
The electrochemical performance and modification mechanism of the corrosion inhibitor on concrete
Authors: Hang Meiyan , Jiang Minghui , Xu Junwei , Cheng Teng , Wang Hao , Zhou Gangming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to solve the chloride corrosion damage problems of the rebar in reinforced concrete structures under the chloride environment. The effects of 1.0% triethanolamine (abbreviated as 1.0% TEA), 1.0% Ca(NO2)2, and 0.5% TEA + 0.5% Ca(NO2)2 (abbreviated as 1.0% composite corrosion inhibitor) on the electrochemical performance and modification mechanism of the mortar specimens were investigated by combining macro experiment and microanalysis. The results showed that the electrode potential of the rebar was effectively improved by incorporating the 1.0% composite corrosion inhibitor. This composite corrosion inhibitor displayed the ability to stabilize the electrode potential of the rebar; it also formed a passive film on the surfaces of the rebar, protected the rebar from chloride attack, and achieved satisfactory electrochemical performance. In addition, it could also effectively improve the strength of the mortar specimens and possessed the strong ability to bind chloride ions, thus signifying that it could promote cement hydration and accelerate the formation of cement to form AFt crystals. Therefore, the results of this investigation confirmed that this composite corrosion inhibitor could be effectively used in practical engineering to prevent the corrosion of reinforced concrete structures.
Renewable mycelium based composite – sustainable approach for lignocellulose waste recovery and alternative to synthetic materials – a review
Authors: Angelova Galena V. , Brazkova Mariya S. , Krastanov Albert I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The agricultural waste with lignocellulose origin is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants which, because of their high nutritional value, represent an extremely rich resource with significant potential for the production of value added bio-products. This review discusses the applications of higher fungi to upcycle abundant agricultural by-products into more sustainable materials and to promote the transition to a circular economy. It focuses on the main factors influencing the properties and application of mycelium composites – the feedstock, the basidiomycete species and their interaction with the feedstock. During controlled solid state cultivation on various lignocellulose substrates, the basidiomycetes of class Agaricomycetes colonize their surfaces and form a three-dimensional mycelium net. Fungal mycelium secretes enzymes that break down lignocellulose over time and are partially replaced by mycelium. The mycelium adheres to the residual undegraded substrates resulting in the formation of a high-mechanical-strength bio-material called a mycelium based bio-composite. The mycelium based bio-composites are completely natural, biodegradable and can be composted after their cycle of use is completed. The physicochemical, mechanical, and thermodynamic characteristics of mycelium based bio-composites are competitive with those of synthetic polymers and allow them to be successfully used in the construction, architecture, and other industries.
A közösségi filantrópia új látószögben
Authors: Kleisz Teréz 
Published: July 2021

A filantrópia egyszerű meghatározása nem más, mint privát erőforrások önkéntes átadása (munka, pénz, tárgyi segítség, tudás, kapcsolatok formájában) a szükséget szenvedő ember vagy közösség megsegítésére, a köz javára, felebaráti szeretetből, empátiából, erkölcsi kötelességből, tiszteletből, s még sok egyéb motivációtól hajtva. Ókori görög terminusként az istenek szeretetét jelenti a halandó ember iránt, de ez később az emberek egymást megsegítő kapcsolatára utal.
A közösségi filantrópia szinte teljesen átkeretezi az eredeti jelentést és praxist, nem egyszeri segítségnyújtásra törekszik, hanem az okokat megszüntető társadalmi változásokat előidézni tudó civil társadalmi erőként jelenik meg az elmúlt évtizedekben. A filantrópia megújulásáról beszélnek a szakmai-politikai diskurzusokban. Új jelzőkkel látják el, hallunk manapság kreatív filantrópiáról, stratégiai filantrópiáról, inkluzív filantrópiáról, szociális innovációról, katalizáló filantrópiáról és hasonló kategóriákról kifejezve az új szemléletet.
A cikkben ezt az új paradigmát, globális kontextusát, főbb érveit, hátterét kívánom bemutatni főleg szekunder forrásokra építve, de saját élményre is alapozok, hisz mint a mozgalom egyik résztvevője sok hazai és nemzetközi workshopon, konferencián volt módom részt venni és követni a diszkussziókat.
Pillantás a dunai gőzhajózás kezdeteibe és a DGT csúcsidőszakába
Authors: Huszár Zoltán 
Published: July 2021

A dolgozat a gőzhajózás amerikai előzményeitől a dunai gőzhajózás 19. század 20-as éveinek Bernhard Antal (Anton Bernhard) nevéhez köthető eredményeinek bemutatásával igyekszik rávilágítani az ipari forradalom magyarországi kezdeteinek időszakára, illetve arra a nem könnyű helyzetre, ami az akkori feltalálók és vállalkozók életét jellemezte.
Mindent összevetve Bernhard tevékenysége úttörő jellegű és egyben példaértékű is; ugyanis azt bizonyította, hogy makacs kitartással, feltalálói innovációval a Dunán is lehetséges (lenne) korszerű folyami közlekedést megvalósítani. Ehhez azonban elengedhetetlennek tűnt a megfelelő tőkeerő és a politikai támogatás. E két tényező egyesítésére legjobb példa az Első cs. kir. szab. Dunagőzhajózási Társaság (DGT) / (Erste k. k. priv. Donau-Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft /DDSG/) története, amely 1829. évi bécsi alapítása után háromnegyed évszázaddal nemcsak a Duna-medence legnagyobb hajózási vállalata, hanem a világ legnagyobb belvízi hajózási társasága is lett, sok vonatkozásban meghatározva a Duna-medence, különösen Dél-Dunántúl történetét. E fejlődés szimbólumának is tekinthető a DGT luxusgőzöse, a Sophie.
Between Ideology and Utopia. Recent Discussions on John Paul II’s Theology of the Nation
Authors: Rojek Paweł 
Published: July 2021

In my book Liturgia dziejów [The Liturgy of History] I proposed an interpretation of the thought of John Paul II in terms of Polish messianism. The book sparked many interesting discussions. In this article, I attempt to address some doubts about my interpretation of John Paul II’s theology of the nation. First, I clear up certain misunderstandings related to the ontological status of the nation. Then, I defend the necessary political dimension of Christianity. Finally, I point out the essentially utopian nature of Polish messianism. I aim to show that – contrary to the suggestions of some critics – a properly understood theology of the nation of John Paul II does not lead to the subordination of religion to politics; just the opposite, it provides criteria for Christian evaluation for any political order.
Non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Kantariya R. O. , Vetchinnikova O. N. , Vatazin A. V. , Sherman L. A. 
Published: July 2021

Background. Non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurs in various somatic conditions with thiamine deficiency, excessive excretion of thiamine, or impaired thiamine metabolism. Very few cases of this pathology have been described in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We present a unique case of non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a patient with a kidney transplant is presented.Past medical history. The patient underwent kidney transplantation in 2008. Outpatient follow-up by a nephrologist was irregular. Renal graft function remained relatively stable: blood creatinine 200–240 μmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate 40–30 mL/min, tacrolimus plasma concentrations tended to increase (5.7–7.6–8.4–10.4 ng/mL); repeated graft biopsy (in 2015 and in 2017) determined the chronic toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. The patient’s condition worsened in late January 2020: body temperature increased to 38°C, nausea, vomiting, loose, watery stools for up to 5 times per day, 8 kg weight loss, decreased diuresis. A few days later, double vision, shaky gait and then immobility appeared. Biochemical examination results: potassium 3.8 mmol/L, sodium 139 mmol/L, alpha-amylase 159 units/L (norm 0–100 units/L), creatinine 242 mmol/L, urea 13.2 mmol/L; ultrasound signs of pancreatitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain: bilateral diffuse lesions of the midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum. Based on the clinical picture and on brain MRI results, Wernicke’s encephalopathy was diagnosed. Parenteral administration of thiamine had a good effect.Conclusion. Possible mechanisms of the development of Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a patient were discussed. Vigilance is required regarding this disease when metabolic disorders occur in patients with CKD.
Deformational behavior and damage mechanism of R-UHPFRC beam subjected to fatigue loading
Authors: Sawicki Bartłomiej , Brühwiler Eugen , Bassil Antoine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fatigue behavior of a reinforced UHPFRC (Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious composite) T-shaped beam under four-point bending is investigated. The beam was subjected to a fatigue loading range equal to 49% of the static resistance and failed after 0.88 million cycles. It was instrumented with extensometers, strain gauges and distributed fiber optic sensors for strain monitoring. The fatigue process consists of three stages: with rapid, stable and again rapid growth of strains during 10%, 80% and 10% of total number of fatigue cycles, respectively. Except of the first 10%, this process takes place locally; therefore, it cannot be followed with the deflection measurement. During the stable stage, growth of strain occurs at minimum loading level in the fatigue cycle, indicating a fatigue damage process under tensile-compressive response of UHPFRC. Advanced fatigue crack propagation in the reinforcement bar determines the location of rupture of the beam. When the remaining cross-section of the rebar does not suffice to carry the tensile load, stress is transmitted to the encompassing UHPFRC causing its fast deterioration. Complete rupture of the rebar occurs only at the end of the test, when the beam collapses.
Socio-demographic profile of drowning deaths in a rural region - An autopsy based study
Authors: Haridas S V  , Raut S M  
Published: July 2021

Drowning is one of the forms of violent asphyxial death due to aspiration of fluid into air-passages, caused by submersion in water or other fluid. Fatal drowning cases are subjected to medicolegal autopsy. During autopsy, many times the findings are nonspecific and hence the diagnosis of drowning rests on combination of circumstantial evidences and autopsy findings. The purpose of this study is to analyze socio-demographic factors of drowning deaths in rural region and to suggest the preventive measures. It is a five-year retrospective autopsy based study carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College and Hospital, Ambajogai Dist. Beed, Maharashtra, India from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 to study the various socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, seasonal distribution, education, marital status and residence in drowning deaths.Predominance of males was seen i.e. 50 cases (58.8%). Age group 11-20 years was the most commonly involved i.e. 20 cases (23.5%). Maximum deaths were reported from well/pond 37 cases (43.5%). Least deaths (2.4%) were observed in post graduates. Maximum deceased were living in rural region i.e. 62 cases (72.9%).Drowning deaths are commonly encountered in autopsy practice.It was seen commonly in males and in age group 11-30 years, in summer season and in well/pond. Students were more commonly involved. Maximum deceased were married and belonged to rural region. Proper safety precautions and water safety education can decrease incidence of accidental drowning.
Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka
Authors: Patel Apoorva E , Srividya J  , Kumar D R Sunil 
Published: July 2021

: Throughout the globe, vaccines have saved countless lives, improved health and wellbeing. Vaccine hesitancy at the individual and community level risks the public health consequences of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks.1. To find out the proportion of vaccine hesitancy 2. To determine the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka. A community based cross sectional study was carried out in 8 urban slums of Bengaluru Rural District from August 2019 to September 2020. Children aged 0-59 months were primary subjects and mothers / primary caregivers of children 0-59 months were secondary study subjects. Data Collection was done using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire and by reviewing immunization cards. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The association between Vaccine hesitancy and predictor variables was tested by using chi –square test. Vaccine hesitancy was present among 75% of the mothers / primary care givers. Main Reasons for Vaccine hesitancy reported were fear of vaccination side effects, sickness of child, unaware of availability of vaccines, felt unnecessary to get child vaccinated, The present study reported delay in vaccination for the birth dose of BCG (66%), Hepatitis B (40%); OPV (9%). Vaccine hesitancy was found to be more in nuclear families, low socio-economic class, in female children, birth order of 3 or higher, among mothers who had primary education and are homemakers. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Among the characteristics of children, the gender of the child and birth order was found to be significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. One of the major reasons found in this study for Vaccine hesitancy was concern regarding safety. Therefore vaccination programmes and policies have to feature strong community engagement strategies to increase awareness about the vaccines and remove fears.
Study of effect of normal occlusion and malocclusion on periodontal condition of diabetes mellitus patients in dental OPD (Orthodontics) at tertiary care centre, Patna, Bihar, India: A case-control study
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Prakash Ved , Rani Vibha , Ahmad Arshad , Sharma AK 
Published: July 2021

: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is an abnormal elevation of blood glucose level. The periodontitis is recognized as the sixth complication of diabetes. The role of malocclusion in accelerating plague deposition is well known however in normal occlusion with well aligned teeth is less documented. So, the objectives of the study are to study the prevalence of periodontitis in diabetic patients with malocclusion and in normal occlusion and to study the effect of various determinants of diabetes mellitus if at all exists.: It is case-control observational study. Two hundred (200) patients were included in the study from the dental OPD (Orthodontics) of Dept. of Dentistry, and from the Dept. of Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi institute of medical sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. The statistical analysis was done Microsoft office excel. The results were analysed in frequencies and percentages to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusion in patients with diabetes mellitus and their effects on periodontium of the teeth.The prevalence rate of severe destructive periodontal diseases (SDPD) in malocclusion group was 81.72% than in normal occlusion group with less prevalence rate of 55.21%.The prevalence of severe destructive periodontal diseases in the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in malocclusion group was more than in normal occlusion group, with maximum periodontium destruction observed during first between 1-5 years of detection of diabetes.
The verisimilitude of damon brackets versus damon archwires– The real hero
Authors: Shukla Priti , Khan Danish UZ Zama , Nagar Amit , Singh Shruti , Grover Nishi , Yadav Juhi 
Published: July 2021

: The Damon passive self-ligating system introduced broad archwires and a passive clip with posterior expansion and with minimal tipping of the teeth.To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Damon brackets and Damon arch wires in maxillary arch dimensional changes with that of conventional brackets and conventional archwires.A total of 20 patients were selected for the study and randomly divided into 4 Groups with 5 patients in each group. Records (Study models) were taken before starting the treatment (T0) and at the end of leveling and alignment (T1) for all the 20 subjects. Pre-treatment (T0) and at the end of leveling and alignment (T1) study models were assessed for inter canine width, inter first premolar width and inter first molar width.There was statistically significant increase in maxillary arch width in Damon system and conventional bracket with Damon archwires when compared to conventional bracket system and Damon brackets with conventional archwires.The use of conventional or self-ligating brackets does not seem to be an important predictor of change in maxillary arch width in non-extraction patients. The amount of increase in arch width was due to Damon archwires and not because of Damon brackets.
Personalizm św. Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI – przesłaniem dla Europy
Authors: Panaro Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Personalistyczna wykładnia dotycząca równej godności osoby ludzkiej warunkowała myśl Karola Wojtyły przez całe jego życie. Znajdowała się w centrum Jego przemówień i tekstów zarówno wtedy, gdy był Biskupem, jak i wtedy, gdy był Papieżem. Czy podkreślenie podmiotowości osoby przez Jana Pawła II nie jest wielkim prorockim orędziem nadziei i zbawienia dla Europy XXI wieku? Benedykt XVI w swojej koncepcji osoby zwracał uwagę na teologiczny wymiar relacyjności osoby i w Chrystusie wskazał na wzór doskonałości człowieczeństwa. Dzięki personalistycznemu ujęciu Trójcy Świętej, choć pozostajemy zanurzeni w wielkości misterium, które nas przekracza, pojawia się nowe rozumienie rzeczywistości człowieka i Boga. Ratzinger uważa, że gdy mówimy o Bogu, okazuje się, kim jest człowiek; największy paradoks staje się czymś najjaśniejszym i najbardziej pomocnym. Na czym polega personalizm Jana Pawła II i w jaki sposób się różni od personalizmu Benedykta XVI? Czy te dwa modele personalistyczne są przeciwstawne? Jakie przesłanie wyniknie z tej analizy dla Europy? Analiza zaprezentowana w artykule jest próbą dojścia do odpowiedzi na te i inne pytania dotyczące rozumienia osoby w dzisiejszej Europie w świetle personalistycznego orędzia nadziei Jana Pawła II i Benedykta XVI.
PENGARUH STRATEGI PEMASARAN DAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN CAFE MALAM
Authors: Fahlevi Muhammad Riza , Achmad Bachrudin Ali , Rahmawati Emy 
Published: July 2021

A good and right relationship marketing strategy and social media will lead to good consumer behavior as well. This study aims to examine the effect of marketing strategy (X1) and social media (Instagram) (X2) on consumer behavior (Y) café Malam Banjarmasin. This research is a descriptive study, with a sample of 100 at café Malam Banjarmasin consumers. The data collection used a questionnaire, while the data analysis used multiple linear regression. The variables studied were Likert scale. The questionnaire was tested by validity and reliability tests. Data processing using SPSS version 25.0.The t test results on consumer behavior are valid because r > 0.3 and the reliability test shows reliable because alpha cronbach > 0.6. The normality test is obtained 0.05 and it is said that the data is normally distributed and on the normal line of the plot, you can see that the points from the graph spread around the diagonal line and follow the diagonal line. The more the marketing strategy variable (X1) increases, the consumer behavior (Y) increases, while the marketing strategy variable (X1) decreases, the consumer behavior decreases(Y). The conclusion of this study is that there is a marketing strategy and social media that affect consumer behavior by 57%.Keywords: Marketing strategy, social media, consumer behavior.