bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimers or Solid‐State Solvation? Intermolecular Effects of Multiple Donor–Acceptor Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Determining Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Performance
Authors: Imbrasas Paulius , Lygaitis Ramūnas , Kleine Paul , Scholz Reinhard , Hänisch Christian , Buchholtz Stephanie , Ortstein Katrin , Talnack Felix , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Lenk Simone , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting materials exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) show great promise for improving display applications. Recently, intermolecular effects between emitting molecules have been given more attention, revealing strong solid‐state solvation or aggregation induced changes of sample performance. Implications of this on device performance are not yet fully covered. In this work, a thorough investigation of a novel TADF emitter, methyl 2,3,4,5,6‐penta(carbazol‐9‐yl)benzoate (5CzCO2Me), is provided. Steady‐state emission spectra reveal a luminescence redshift with increasing emitter concentration in a small molecule host. In all investigated concentrations, the emission profile remains the same; thus, the redshift is attributed to the solid‐state solvation effect. The highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is achieved in the 20 wt% sample, reaching 66%. The best organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) in terms of current–voltage–luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) parameters is the device with 60 wt% emitter concentration, reaching maximal EQE values of 7.5%. It is shown that the emitter transports holes and that charge‐carrier recombination does not take place on the bandgap of the host, but rather, a mixed host–guest concentration‐dependent recombination is seen. The hole‐transporting properties of 5CzCO2Me allow for a new dimension in tuning the device performance by controlling the emitter concentration.
In Situ Thermal and Electricity Utilization of Photovoltaic Devices by Membrane Distillation and Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation for Desalination and Degradation of Wastewater
Authors: Cheng Shaoan , Li Yihang , Yu Zhen , Sun Yi , Jin Beichen , Mao Zhengzhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFreshwater shortages and water pollution have threatened the sustainable development of human beings. Efficient and sustainable technologies are urgently needed to achieve seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. Here, a hybrid device is developed consisting of photovoltaics (PV), membrane distillation (MD), and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for sustainable freshwater production and wastewater treatment. The device obtains freshwater from seawater with a stable rate of 0.97 kg m–2 h–1 under 1 sun, and the produced clean water reaches the drinking water limit of the WHO. This device also obtains freshwater from a methylene blue (MB) solution at a stable water production rate of 0.75 kg m–2 h–1, and the concentrated MB solution demonstrates a degradation rate of 96.05% by in situ degradation of EAOPs. The high water‐production performance and degradation performance is attributed to the well‐designed structure of the three stages PV‐MD‐EAOPs device, which enables both the latent heat recycle of water evaporation and the contaminants enrichment of wastewater. To summarize, a new path is explored for in situ thermal and electricity utilization of photovoltaic for efficient treatment of wastewater, which is a meaningful way for synchronous clean water production and wastewater treatment.
Pan‐Milling: Instituting an All‐Solid‐State Technique for Mechanical Metastable Oxides as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Liu Xingang , Wen Hao , Guo Binbin , Lv Chunzheng , Shi Weimei , Kang Wenbin , Zhang Jihai , Yuan Ruoxin , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state mechanochemistry is experiencing an exciting period of renaissance, thanks in part to the recent discovery of its ability to realize chemical synthesis that is inaccessible to solution‐based methods. Among them, high‐energy ball‐milling is widely used in large‐scale preparation of metal oxide composites for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, ball‐milling‐induced high‐energy mechanical activation may destroy crystalline structure, and thus the electrochemical activity of many metastable oxides such as anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2). Herein, the mechanism that anatase TiO2 undergoes the crystalline‐amorphous phase transformation subject to ball‐milling is reported and a new pan‐milling mechanochemical technique for preparation of stable anatase TiO2/graphene (TiO2/GNS) composites is demonstrated. The pan‐milling technique not only preserves the original crystal structure of TiO2 but also realizes a good dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets through its unique 3D shear force. When used as anode for LIBs, the pan‐milled TiO2/GNS demonstrates high reversible specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and long cycle stability, in comparison to the ball‐milled TiO2/GNS that shows no capacity. By tapping into the huge potential of pan‐milling mechanochemistry, this work opens the door to large‐scale all‐solid‐state preparation of mechanical metastable oxides with desired electrochemical performance for energy storage.
Decision‐making competence and cognitive abilities: Which abilities matter?
Authors: Skagerlund Kenny , Forsblad Mattias , Tinghög Gustav , Västfjäll Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDecision‐making competence is a skill that is associated with numerous positive life outcomes. Even though multiple cognitive abilities have been shown to predict decision‐making competence, few studies have incorporated a large test battery tapping into several cognitive abilities concurrently in the same models. The current paper presents a study that sought to investigate which cognitive abilities predicted overall decision‐making competence in adults using hierarchical regression analysis. A cognitive test battery, comprising abilities such as general intelligence, executive functions, numeracy, visuospatial ability, and time perception, was administered to 182 participants. Results indicate that both general intelligence, which was consistently the strongest predictor, and numeracy contributed independently to overall decision‐making competence. Executive functions did predict overall decision‐making competence, while all predictors were included in the models. A novel finding concerns the relationship between time perception and decision‐making competence. The complementary roles of these cognitive abilities are discussed.
TAFRO syndrome presenting as intrahepatic cholangitis on autopsy
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Nishino Shogo , Yoshizaki Aisa , Hara Shigeo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElevation of ALP is an abnormal feature in TAFRO syndrome, but the cause is unknown. This article is the first report that histologically showed intrahepatic cholangitis may be the cause of ALP elevation in TAFRO syndrome.
Generation and Use of Recombinant Galectins
Authors: Wu Shang‐Chuen , Paul Anu , Ho Alex , Patel Kashyap R. , Allen Jerry William Lynn , Verkerke Hans , Arthur Connie M. , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGalectins are soluble carbohydrate binding proteins that can bind β‐galactose‐containing glycoconjugates by means of a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). In mammalian systems, galectins have been shown to mediate very important roles in innate and adaptive immunity as well as facilitating host‐pathogen relationships. Many of these studies have relied on purified recombinant galectins to uncover key features of galectin biology. A major limitation to this approach is that certain recombinant galectins purified using standard protocols are easily susceptible to loss of glycan‐binding activity. As a result, biochemical studies that employ recombinant galectins can be misleading if the overall activity of a galectin remains unknown in a given assay condition. This article examines fundamental considerations when purifying galectins by lactosyl‐sepharose and nickel‐NTA affinity chromatography using human galectin‐4N and ‐7 as examples, respectively. As other approaches are also commonly applied to galectin purification, we also discuss alternative strategies to galectin purification, using human galectin‐1 and ‐9 as examples. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 20 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Purification of galectins using lactosyl‐sepharose affinity chromatographyBasic Protocol 2: Purification of human galectin‐7 using a nickel‐NTA affinity chromatography columnAlternate Protocol 1: Iodoacetamide alkylation of free sulfhydryls on galectin‐1Alternate Protocol 2: Purification of human galectin‐9 using lactosyl‐sepharose column chromatography
Ultrafast Sodium Imaging of the Axon Initial Segment of Neurons in Mouse Brain Slices
Authors: Blömer Laila Ananda , Canepari Marco , Filipis Luiza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonitoring Na+ influx in the axon initial segment (AIS) at high spatial and temporal resolution is fundamental to understanding the generation of an action potential (AP). Here, we present protocols to obtain this measurement, focusing on the AIS of layer 5 (L5) somatosensory cortex pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices. We first outline how to prepare slices for this application, how to select and patch neurons, and how to optimize the image acquisition. Specifically, we describe the preparation of optimal slices, patching and loading of L5 pyramidal neurons with the Na+ indicator ING‐2, and Na+ imaging at 100 µs temporal resolution with a pixel resolution of half a micron. Then, we present a data analysis strategy in order to extract information on the kinetics of activated voltage‐gated Na+ channels by determining the change in Na+ by compensating for bleaching and calculating the time derivative of the resulting fit. In sum, this approach can be widely applied when investigating the function of Na+ channels during initiation of an AP and propagation under physiological or pathological conditions in neuronal subtypes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 26 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of cortical slicesBasic Protocol 2: Selection, patching, and Na+ fluorescence recording of a neuronSupport Protocol: Calibrating Na+ fluorescenceBasic Protocol 3: Data analysis
Social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States: Evidence to inform policy action
Authors: Streatfeild Jared , Hickson Josiah , Austin S. Bryn , Hutcheson Rebecca , Kandel Johanna S. , Lampert Jillian G. , Myers Elissa M. , Richmond Tracy K. , Samnaliev Mihail , Velasquez Katrina , Weissman Ruth S. , Pezzullo Lynne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate one‐year costs of eating disorders in the United States (U.S.) from a societal perspective, including the costs to the U.S. health system, individual and family productivity costs, lost wellbeing, and other societal economic costs, by setting and payer. Findings will inform needed policy action to mitigate the impact of eating disorders in the U.S.MethodCosts of eating disorders were estimated using a bottom‐up cost‐of‐illness methodology, based on the estimated one‐year prevalence of eating disorders. Intangible costs of reduced wellbeing were also estimated using disability‐adjusted life years.ResultsTotal economic costs associated with eating disorders were estimated to be $64.7 billion (95% CI: $63.5–$66.0 billion) in fiscal year 2018–2019, equivalent to $11,808 per affected person (95% CI: $11,754–$11,863 per affected person). Otherwise Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder accounted for 35% of total economic costs, followed by Binge Eating Disorder (30%), Bulimia Nervosa (18%) and Anorexia Nervosa (17%). The substantial reduction in wellbeing associated with eating disorders was further valued at $326.5 billion (95% CI: $316.8–$336.2 billion).DiscussionThe impact of eating disorders in the U.S. is substantial when considering both economic costs and reduced wellbeing (nearly $400 billion in fiscal year 2018–2019). Study findings underscore the urgency of identifying effective policy actions to reduce the impact of eating disorders, such as through primary prevention and screening to identify people with emerging or early eating disorders in primary care, schools, and workplaces and ensuring access to early evidence‐based treatment.
Batesian mimicry in the nonrewarding saprophytic orchidDanxiaorchis yangii
Authors: Luo Huolin , Xiao Hanwen , Liang Yuelong , Liu Nannan , Turner Cassidy , Tan Shaolin , Chen Xinghui , Xiong Dongjin , Yang Boyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBatesian mimicry, a type of deceptive pollination, is a complicated strategy used by nonrewarding plants to attract pollinators, but some hypotheses concerning this have not been systematically verified. In order to show in detail a case of Batesian mimicry on saprophytic orchidDanxiaorchis yangii, the ecological relationship betweenDanxiaorchis yangii,Lysimachia alfrediandDufoureaspp. was explored.Lysimachia alfredicould provide a reward toDufoureasp., whereasDanxiaorchis yangiinot. The floral morphology and geographical distribution of these two plants were highly overlapping, and the fruit set rate ofDanxiaorchis yangiiwas significantly positively correlated with the number of nearbyL. alfrediindividuals. In a glass cylinder experiment,Danxiaorchis yangiiandL. alfrediattractedDufoureaspp. through visual signals, but the insect could not distinguish between flowers of the two plants before landing on flowers. The ultraviolet reflection spectra of flowers between the two plant species were highly similar. In the hexagonal color models constructed according to the visual characteristics of bees, the flower color signals of these two plant species highly overlap, indicating that the visual signals of the flowers of the two plants to the pollinator were greatly similar. All of these results provided evidence thatDanxiaorchis yangiisimulated the visual signals ofL. alfredithrough Batesian mimicry, thereby deceptively attractingDufoureaspp.
Effects of short‐interval disturbances continue to accumulate, overwhelming variability in local resilience
Authors: Hayes Katherine , Buma Brian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing rates of short‐interval disturbances have the potential to rapidly transform ecosystems via shifts in post‐disturbance regeneration. While research has explored compound events in multiple biomes, we know little regarding how local site conditions interact with short‐interval disturbances to influence post‐disturbance regeneration. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the consequences of continued high frequency events: What happens when emerging new communities are themselves subject to short‐interval disturbances? To investigate effects of ongoing short‐interval fires on regeneration, we examined post‐fire forest regeneration in two locations in interior Alaska. We established 50 plots across a mosaic of fire histories (one, two, or three fires in <70 yr) in an upland and lowland site in interior Alaska. To investigate how shifts in community driven by short‐interval fires differ according to local site conditions, we quantified abundance, proportion, and density of conifer and deciduous regeneration in a drier upland site and a wetter lowland site. Both sites were dominated by black spruce prior to burning. In the drier upland site, black spruce (Picea mariana) presence declined sharply after two fires, while paper birch (Betula neoalaskana) became increasingly abundant with each additional fire. In the wetter lowland site, less organic soil was consumed by fire and presence of black spruce persisted through an initial single reburn (two fires), indicating local topography may temporarily buffer reburning impacts. However, after three burns, conifers were effectively eliminated in both upland and lowland stands. Deciduous regeneration differed with site: Birch dominated in upland plots, while willow (Salix spp.) and aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominated in lowlands. These results offer strong empirical evidence of the divergence of boreal successional trajectories from previous historic norms. Furthermore, results from this study demonstrate shifts in post‐fire succession in forested ecosystems continue to accumulate with additional short‐interval disturbance events, overwhelming the interactive effects of local site conditions.
Posttraumatic symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and internal resources among the general population in Greece: A nation‐wide survey amid the first COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyroula 
Published: March 2021

Scarce and inconclusive evidence exists on the mental health consequences of the COVID‐19 lockdown. This study examined the psychological impact of the lockdown in Greece, resilience levels, use of coping strategies, and identified high‐risk groups. A sample of 1661 participants (mean age = 39.5, SD = 12.2; 75.5% females) completed a web‐based survey, which was distributed through social networking sites, webpages, and personal contacts. Posttraumatic symptoms, posttraumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies were assessed. Different population subgroups suffered the impact of lockdown disproportionately. Healthcare workers, females, younger, less educated, and those living alone reported higher rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Females achieved more posttraumatic growth and were using coping strategies more frequently than men. Men, older, healthcare workers, and those with a partner were more resilient. Interventions need to be developed to target personal resources, protect vulnerable populations, facilitate posttraumatic growth, and ameliorate wellbeing and quality of life.
High‐sensitivity Raman imaging of the surface of casted glass plates
Authors: Jacquemin M. , Simon P. , Canizarès A. , Hennet L. , Bessada C. , Skrelic D. , Gouillart E. , Burov E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlass manufacturing processes are prone to induce local fluctuations of the glass properties, to which Raman spectroscopy is highly sensitive. In this work, Raman imaging is used to investigate the homogeneity of the Raman response at the surface of casted aluminosilicate glass pieces. Samples were probed at constant focus depth across 7 × 7 cm2 surfaces using 500 μm spatial steps, resulting in unusually large and detailed Raman images. We show that the extent of modification of the Raman response is small across the scanned area and that the information is mostly carried by the spatial representation of properly selected Raman parameters. Specifically, detailed macroscopic patterns correlating to the glass casting process were obtained from Raman parameters of two distinct Raman modes: the Si‐O stretching mode involving Q2 tetrahedral units, and the Si‐O‐Si bending vibrations envelope in the low‐wavenumber range. The contrasts on the Raman images are assigned to fine local variations of fictive temperature (and hence of cooling rate) and chemistry resulting from the manufacturing process. From the evolution of these parameters across the surface of the sample, we were able to identify areas consisting of material from different stages of the casting. Structural and chemical changes originating from the manufacturing process are therefore printed at the surface of the glass pieces, and their fingerprint revealed by Raman imaging.
Multivariate optimization of a combined static and dynamic supercritical fluid extraction method for trace analysis of pesticides pollutants in organic honey
Authors: Tolcha Teshome , Gemechu Tura , Al‐Hamimi Said , Megersa Negussie , Turner Charlotta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe intensive application of pesticides to increase crop production has resulted in contamination of the agricultural products. Due to their occurrence at trace levels and the complexity of food samples, analysis of pesticide residues requires selective and efficient sample preparation methods. For this purpose, an extraction method based on supercritical carbon dioxide and acetonitrile as entrainer solvent was developed for trace analysis of atrazine, diazinon, chlorothalonil, and deltamethrin pesticides in honey samples. A Box–Behnken experimental design was applied to optimize extraction variables including static extraction time (5–15 min), pressure (200–700 bar), and temperature (45–70°C). The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 11.5 min static extraction time, 252 bar, and 70°C. The proposed analytical method showed a good linearity (≥0.998), low limit of detection (0.005–0.009 mg/kg), and good extraction recovery (74–111%). The precision study of the proposed method at two concentration levels of each pesticides, 0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg was found to be in the ranges of 2.3–4.21% for intraday (n = 3) and 3.93–8.02% for interday precisions (n = 3). The developed method is promising for use in trace analysis of pesticides in complex food samples including honey.
The Performance of Transvaginal Two‐Dimensional Fundamental Sonosalpingography Combined with Saline Infusion Pelvic Sonosalpingography for Assessing Fimbrial Part's Morphology and Function of the Fallopian Tubes
Authors: Xu Zining , Peng Chengzhong , Lv Ya'er , Sun Juan , Chen Shuangxi , Cui Ailin , Jin Bihui 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal two‐dimensional fundamental sonosalpingography (2D‐FS) combined with saline infusion pelvic sonosalpingography (SIPS) for assessing fimbrial part's morphology and function of the fallopian tubes.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐nine cases underwent 2D‐FS combined with SIPS. Among them, 18 cases received laparoscopy and dye test (LDT) within 3 months after the examination and the results were regarded as reference standard.ResultsExcluding proximal or middle segment obstructed tubes, the remaining fimbrial parts' display rate by using 2D‐FS combined with SIPS was 75.1%. According to the ultrasonic appearance, the fimbrial parts were classified into 4 types: normal, abnormal, suspected abnormal, and unclassifiable. Normal fimbrial parts accounted for 73.8% when the tubes were patent; abnormal fimbrial parts accounted for 74.1% when the tubes were partial obstructed; all became abnormal when the tubes were distal complete obstructed. The fimbrial parts which had been classified by 2D‐FS combined with SIPS were compared with LDT further. This combination's accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Youden's index (YI) were 86.4, 87.5, 85.7, 77.8, 92.3, and 0.73%, respectively. The result of consistency analysis showed the combination was essentially consistent with LDT result (Kappa = 0.713).Conclusion2D‐FS combined with SIPS can be a preferred method for assessment of the fimbrial part's morphology and function, with its advantages of non‐invasive, intuition, and accuracy. This combination could provide an objective imaging basis for choosing clinical treatment strategies and predicting prognosis.