bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supported Communication Video Training for the Nursing Department in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Armour Michelle , Brady Susan , Williamson-Link Kathryn , McGovern Linda , Struchil Kristen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a valid educational intervention to improve knowledge and confidence using communication strategies when interacting with a person with aphasia.

Design
A quantitative, nonrandomized pretest/posttest research study was performed.

Methods
Pre- and postcourse assessments were completed with learning participants. This educational intervention was developed using the underlying theoretical concepts of the integrated behavioral model.

Results
Forty-nine new employees from the nursing department participated in this study, with 61% reporting less than 1 year of experience. Pre- to posttraining assessments on the Test of Knowledge of Aphasia improved from 3.7 to 5.8 (p ≤ .0001) for direct knowledge, from 5.5 to 8.2 (p ≤ .0001) for confidence self-efficacy, and from 5.3 to 7.6 (p ≤ .0001) for knowledge self-efficacy.

Conclusion
Results indicated this theory-driven educational training was effective in training employees from the nursing department working in an inpatient rehabilitation environment.

Clinical Relevancy
Improving communication effectiveness is critical for overall quality of care and patient safety.
Older Persons and Nursing Staff’s Perspectives on Continence Care in Rehabilitation
Authors: Hunter Kathleen F. , Dahlke Sherry , Smith Nicholas , Lin Alina , Rajabali Saima , Wagg Adrian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to understand continence care in geriatric rehabilitation from the perspectives of older persons and nursing staff.

Design
This is a qualitative descriptive study.

Methods
Ten patients and 10 nursing staff participated in semistructured interviews. Observations of care were recorded in field notes. Content analysis was used to develop themes of patient and nursing staff perspectives.

Findings
Three themes were developed: Perceptions of Assessment, Continence Management, and Rehab: The Repair Shop. Patients had limited insight into continence assessment and management by nursing staff. For older persons, incontinence was embarrassing and created dependence; independence in toileting meant gaining control. Staff viewed continence as an important part of rehabilitation nursing but focused on containment and regular toileting, with patients seeing absorbent pads as commonly suggested.

Conclusions
Continence care approaches that engage older persons during rehabilitation are needed.

Clinical Relevance
Restoration of continence through patient-centered care is core to older person rehabilitation.
Influence of Pulse Wave Velocity on Atherosclerosis and Blood Flow Reversal in the Aorta
Authors: Wehrum Thomas , Dragonu Iulius , Strecker Christoph , Hennemuth Anja , Hennig Jürgen , Reinhard Thomas , Harloff Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Aortic stiffness is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events including stroke. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of stiffness, is an independent predictor of aortic atheroma. The secondary aim was to test whether increased PWV reinforces retrograde blood flow from the descending aorta (DAo), a mechanism of stroke.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional case-control study with prospective data acquisition. In all, 40 stroke and 60 ophthalmic patients matched for age and cardiovascular risk factors were included. Multicontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol of the aorta tailored to allow a detailed plaque analysis using 3-dimensional (D) T1-weighted bright blood, T2-weighted and proton density-weighted black blood, and hemodynamic assessment using 4D flow MRI was applied. Individual PWV was calculated based on 4D flow MRI data using the time-to-foot of the blood flow waveform. The extent of maximum retrograde blood flow from the proximal DAo into the arch was quantified.

Results:
PWV was higher in stroke patients compared with controls (7.62±2.59 vs. 5.96±2.49 m/s; P=0.005) and in patients with plaques (irrespective of thickness) compared with patients without plaques (7.47±2.89 vs. 5.62±1.89 m/s; P=0.002). Increased PWV was an independent predictor of plaque prevalence and contributed significantly to a predictor model explaining 36.5% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in plaque presence. Maximum retrograde flow extent from the proximal DAo was not correlated with PWV.

Conclusions:
Aortic stiffness was higher in stroke patients and associated with a higher prevalence of plaques. Increased PWV was an independent predictor of plaque presence. Accordingly, regional PWV seems to be a valuable biomarker for the assessment and management of aortic atherosclerosis. However, no association was found for increased retrograde flow extent from the DAo.
The Relationship Between Surgeon Gender and Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mavroudis Catherine L. , Landau Sarah , Brooks Ezra , Bergmark Regan , Berlin Nicholas L. , Blumenthal Blanche , Cooper Zara , Hwang Eun Kyeong , Lancaster Elizabeth , Waljee Jennifer , Wick Elizabeth , Yeo Heather , Wirtalla Christopher , Kelz Rachel R. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between surgeon gender and stress during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background:
Although female surgeons face difficulties integrating work and home in the best of times, the Covid-19 pandemic has presented new challenges. The implications for the female surgical workforce are unknown.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, multi-center telephone survey study of surgeons was conducted across 5 academic institutions (May 15–June 5, 2020). The primary outcome was maximum stress level, measured using the validated Stress Numerical Rating Scale-11. Mixed-effects generalized linear models were used to estimate the relationship between surgeon stress level and gender.

Results:
Of 529 surgeons contacted, 337 surgeons responded and 335 surveys were complete (response rate 63.7%). The majority of female respondents were housestaff (58.1%), and the majority of male respondents were faculty (56.8%) (P = 0.008). A greater proportion of male surgeons (50.3%) than female surgeons (36.8%) had children ≤18 years (P = 0.015). The mean maximum stress level for female surgeons was 7.51 (SD 1.49) and for male surgeons was 6.71 (SD 2.15) (P < 0.001). After adjusting for the presence of children and training status, female gender was associated with a significantly higher maximum stress level (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our findings that women experienced more stress than men during the Covid-19 pandemic, regardless of parental status, suggest that there is more to the gendered differences in the stress experience of the pandemic than the added demands of childcare. Deliberate interventions are needed to promote and support the female surgical workforce during the pandemic.
The Role of Personal Accomplishment in General Surgery Resident Well-being
Authors: Khorfan Rhami , Hu Yue-Yung , Agarwal Gaurava , Eng Joshua , Riall Taylor , Choi Jennifer , Are Chandrakanth , Shanafelt Tait , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Cheung Elaine O. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the association of personal accomplishment (PA) with the other subscales, assess its association with well-being outcomes, and evaluate drivers of PA by resident level

Background:
Most studies investigating physician burnout focus on the emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) subscales, neglecting PA. Therefore, the role of PA is not well understood.

Methods:
General surgery residents were surveyed following the 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination regarding their learning environment. Pearson correlations of PA with EE and DP were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of PA with attrition, job satisfaction, and suicidality and identified factors associated with PA by PGY.

Results:
Residents from 301 programs were surveyed (85.6% response rate, N = 6956). Overall, 89.4% reported high PA, which varied by PGY-level (PGY1: 91.0%, PGY2/3: 87.7%, PGY4/5: 90.2%; P = 0.02). PA was not significantly correlated with EE (r = –0.01) or DP (r = –0.08). After adjusting for EE and DP, PA was associated with attrition (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.46–0.78) and job satisfaction (OR 3.04, 95%CI 2.45–3.76) but not suicidality (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.48–1.09). Although the only factor significantly associated with PA for interns was resident cooperation, time in operating room and clinical autonomy were significantly associated with PA for PGY2/3. For PGY4/5s, PA was associated with time for patient care, resident cooperation, and mentorship.

Conclusion:
PA is a distinct metric of resident well-being, associated with job satisfaction and attrition. Drivers of PA differ by PGY level and may be targets for intervention to promote resident wellness and engagement.
Recent findings on neurofeedback training for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Hirano Yoji , Tamura Shunsuke 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
To provide recent evidence on real-time neurofeedback (NFB) training for auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia patients.

Recent findings
NFB is a promising technique that allows patients to gain control over their AVH by modulating their own speech-related/language-related networks including superior temporal gyrus (STG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using fMRI, fNIRS and EEG/MEG. A recent limited number of studies showed that while an EEG-based NFB study failed to regulate auditory-evoked potentials and reduce AVH, downregulation of STG hyperactivity and upregulation of ACC activity with fMRI-based NFB appear to alleviate treatment-resistant AVH in schizophrenia patients. A deeper understanding of AVH and development of more effective methodologies are still needed.

Summary
Despite recent innovations in antipsychotics, many schizophrenia patients continue to suffer from treatment-resistant AVH and social dysfunctions. Recent studies suggested that real-time NFB shows promise in enabling patients to gain control over AVH by regulating their own speech-related/language-related networks. Although fMRI-NFB is suitable for regulating localized activity, EEG/MEG-NFB are ideal for regulating the ever-changing AVH. Although there are still many challenges including logistic complexity and burden on patients, we hope that such innovative real-time NFB trainings will help patients to alleviate severe symptoms and improve social functioning.
Are probiotics and prebiotics safe for use during pregnancy and lactation? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheyholislami Hauna , Connor Kristin L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProbiotic and prebiotic products have shown potential health benefits, including for the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The incidence of adverse effects in pregnant people and their infants associated with probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic intake, however, remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the evidence on adverse effects of maternal probiotic, prebiotic and/or synbiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and interpret the findings to help inform clinical decision-making and care of this population. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases were searched using pre-determined terms, and risk of bias assessments were conducted to determine study quality. Inclusion criteria were English language studies, human studies, access to full-text, and probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation to the mother and not the infant. 11/100 eligible studies reported adverse effects and were eligible for inclusion in quantitative analysis, and data were visualised in a GOfER diagram. Probiotic and prebiotic products are safe for use during pregnancy and lactation. One study reported increased risk of vaginal discharge and changes in stool consistency (Relative Risk [95% CI]: 3.67 [1.04, 13.0]) when administeringLactobacillus rhamnosusandL. reuteri. Adverse effects associated with probiotic and prebiotic use do not pose any serious health concerns to mother or infant. Our findings and knowledge translation visualisations provide healthcare professionals and consumers with information to make evidence-informed decisions about the use of pre- and probiotics.
Large-scale validation of the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) using a short form: high risk of bias models show poorer discrimination
Authors: Venema Esmee , Wessler Benjamin S , Paulus Jessica K , Salah Rehab , Raman Gowri , Leung Lester Y , Koethe Benjamin C , Nelson Jason , Park Jinny G , van Klaveren David , Steyerberg Ewout W , Kent David M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST) and a shorter version of this tool can identify clinical prediction models (CPMs) that perform poorly at external validation.Study Design and SettingWe evaluated risk of bias (ROB) on 102 CPMs from the Tufts CPM Registry, comparing PROBAST to a short form consisting of six PROBAST items anticipated to best identify high ROB. We then applied the short form to all CPMs in the Registry with at least 1 validation and assessed the change in discrimination (dAUC) between the derivation and the validation cohorts (n=1,147).ResultsPROBAST classified 98/102 CPMS as high ROB. The short form identified 96 of these 98 as high ROB (98% sensitivity), with perfect specificity. In the full CPM registry, 529/556 CPMs (95%) were classified as high ROB, 20 (4%) low ROB, and 7 (1%) unclear ROB. Median change in discrimination was significantly smaller in low ROB models (dAUC −0.9%, IQR −6.2%–4.2%) compared to high ROB models (dAUC −11.7%, IQR −33.3%–2.6%; p<0.001).ConclusionHigh ROB is pervasive among published CPMs. It is associated with poor performance at validation, supporting the application of PROBAST or a shorter version in CPM reviews.What is newHigh risk of bias is pervasive among published clinical prediction modelsHigh risk of bias identified with PROBAST is associated with poorer model performance at validationA subset of questions can distinguish between models with high and low risk of bias
Mechanisms of lactic acid gustatory attraction inDrosophila
Authors: Stanley Molly , Ghosh Britya , Weiss Zachary F. , Christiaanse Jaime , Gordon Michael D. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYSour has been studied almost exclusively as an aversive taste modality. Yet, recent work inDrosophilademonstrates that specific carboxylic acids are attractive at ecologically relevant concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that lactic acid is an appetitive and energetic tastant, which stimulates feeding through activation of sweet gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). This activation displays distinct, mechanistically separable, stimulus onset and removal phases. Ionotropic receptor 25a (IR25a) primarily mediates the onset response, which shows specificity for the lactate anion and drives feeding initiation. Conversely, sweet gustatory receptors (Gr64a-f) mediate a non-specific removal response to low pH that primarily impacts ingestion. While mutations in either receptor family have marginal impacts on feeding, lactic acid attraction is completely abolished in combined mutants. Thus, specific components of lactic acid are detected through two classes of receptors to activate a single set of sensory neurons in physiologically distinct ways, ultimately leading to robust behavioural attraction.
Secreted reporter assay enables quantitative and longitudinal monitoring of neuronal activity
Authors: Santos Ana C. , Park Sungjin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ability to measure changes in neuronal activity in a quantifiable and precise manner is of fundamental importance to understand neuron development and function. Repeated monitoring of neuronal activity of the same population of neurons over several days is challenging and, typically, low-throughput. Here, we describe a new biochemical reporter assay that allows for repeated measurements of neuronal activity in a cell type-specific manner. We coupled activity-dependent elements from theArc/Arg3.1gene with a secreted reporter,Gaussialuciferase, to quantify neuronal activity without sacrificing the neurons. The reporter predominantly senses calcium and NMDA receptor-dependent activity. By repeatedly measuring the accumulation of the reporter in cell media, we can profile the developmental dynamics of neuronal activity in cultured neurons from male and female mice. The assay also allows for longitudinal analysis of pharmacological treatments, thus distinguishing acute from delayed responses. Moreover, conditional expression of the reporter allows for monitoring cell type-specific changes. This simple, quantitative, cost-effective, automatable, and cell type-specific activity reporter is a valuable tool to study the development of neuronal activity in normal and disease-model conditions, and to identify small molecules or protein factors that selectively modulate the activity of a specific population of neurons.SignificanceNeurological and neurodevelopmental disorders are prevalent worldwide. Despite significant advances in our understanding of synapse formation and function, developing effective therapeutics remains challenging, in part due to the lack of simple and robust high-throughput screening assays of neuronal activity. Here, we describe a simple biochemical assay that allows for repeated measurements of neuronal activity in a cell type-specific manner. Thus filling the need for assays amenable to longitudinal studies, such as those related to neural development. Other advantages include its simple and quantitative nature, logitudinal profiling, cell type-specificity, and being multiplexed with other invasive techniques.
Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally to coordinate locomotion
Authors: Sengupta Mohini , Daliparthi Vamsi , Roussel Yann , Bui Tuan Vu , Bagnall Martha W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRostro-caudal coordination of spinal motor output is essential for locomotion. Most spinal interneurons project axons longitudinally to govern locomotor output, yet their connectivity along this axis remains unclear. In this study, we use larval zebrafish to map synaptic outputs of a major inhibitory population, V1 (Eng1+) neurons, which are implicated in dual sensory and motor functions. We find that V1 neurons exhibit long axons extending rostrally and exclusively ipsilaterally for an average of 6 spinal segments; however, they do not connect uniformly with their post-synaptic targets along the entire length of their axon. Locally, V1 neurons inhibit motor neurons (both fast and slow) and other premotor targets including V2a, V2b and commissural pre-motor neurons. In contrast, V1 neurons make robust inhibitory contacts throughout the rostral extent of their axonal projections onto a dorsal horn sensory population, the Commissural Primary Ascending neurons (CoPAs). In a computational model of the ipsilateral spinal network, we show that this pattern of short range V1 inhibition to motor and premotor neurons is crucial for coordinated rostro-caudal propagation of the locomotor wave. We conclude that spinal network architecture in the longitudinal axis can vary dramatically, with differentially targeted local and distal connections, yielding important consequences for function.
An effect of the COVID-19 pandemic: significantly more complicated appendicitis due to delayed presentation of patients!
Authors: Burgard Marie , Cherbanyk Floryn , Nassiopoulos Konstantinos , Malekzadeh Sonaz , Pugin François , Egger Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAIMS OF THE STUDYThe novel coronavirus pandemic has affected emergency department consultations for surgical pathologies. The aim of our study was to compare the number of acute appendicitis cases and the proportion of complicated appendicitis before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed all data collected from a multi-center database of patients presenting to the emergency department for acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 12 to June 6, 2020, and compared these data with those from the same periods in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The number of acute appendicitis cases, proportion of complicated appendicitis, and pre- and postoperative patient characteristics were evaluated.RESULTSA total of 306 patients were included in this evaluation. Sixty-five patients presented during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (group A), and 241 patients in previous years (group B: 2017–2019). The number of consultations for acute appendicitis decreased by almost 20 percent during the pandemic compared with previous periods, with a significant increase in complicated appendicitis (52% in group A versus 20% in group B, p < 0,001.). Comparing the two groups, significant differences were also noted in the duration of symptoms (symptoms > 48h in 61% and 26%, p < 0,001), the intervention time (77 vs 61 minutes, p = 0,002), length of hospital stay (hospitalization of > 2 days in 63% and 32%, p < 0.001) and duration of antibiotic treatment (antibiotics > 3 days in 36% and 24% p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decreased number of consultations for acute appendicitis, with a higher proportion of complicated appendicitis, most likely due to patient delay in consulting the emergency department at symptom onset. Patients and general practitioners should be aware of this problem to avoid a time delay from initial symptoms to consultation.
The CPEB3 ribozyme modulates hippocampal-dependent memory
Authors: Chen Claire C. , Han Joseph , Chinn Carlene A. , Li Xiang , Nikan Mehran , Myszka Marie , Tong Liqi , Bredy Timothy W. , Wood Marcelo A. , Lupták Andrej 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA self-cleaving ribozyme mapping to an intron of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) gene has been suggested to play a role in human episodic memory, but the underlying mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. The ribozyme’s self-scission half-life matches the time it takes an RNA polymerase to reach the immediate downstream exon, suggesting that the ribozyme-dependent intron cleavage is tuned to co-transcriptional splicing of theCPEB3mRNA. Here we report that the murine ribozyme modulates its own host mRNA maturation in both cultured cortical neurons and the hippocampus. Inhibition of the ribozyme using an antisense oligonucleotide leads to increased CPEB3 protein expression, which enhances polyadenylation and translation of localized plasticity-related target mRNAs, and subsequently strengthens hippocampal-dependent long-term memory. These findings reveal a previously unknown role for self-cleaving ribozyme activity in regulating experience-induced co-transcriptional and local translational processes required for learning and memory.