bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ti/SiC Reinforcement on AA5083 Surface Composites Prepared by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Rahman Ziyaur , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Khan Zahid A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Al alloys because of their desirable characteristic properties have made them predominant materials in lightweight design structures such as the aviation, automotive, and shipbuilding industry. However, their applications are limited due to their lower strength at higher operating temperature and difficulty in their welding. One of the alternatives to enhance the surface properties of aluminium alloys is coating metallic substrates. In the present experimental study, the effect on surface properties by introducing titanium and silicon carbide reinforcement into AA5083 alloy using friction stir processing (FSP) was investigated. Additionally, bead geometry such as the width of SZ, depth of SZ, and area of SZ in all the specimens were also analyzed. FSP was performed at different combinations of rotational speeds, traverse speeds, and shoulder diameter sizes using Taguchi L4 orthogonal array. Experimental results indicated that the highest value of hardness was observed at tool rotational speed of 355 rpm, traverse speed of 63 mm/min, and shoulder diameter size of 17 mm. Moreover, at such combination of process parameters, the lowest value of width to depth ratio was observed.
Pipe Stress Analysis of Pump System in Process Plant
Authors: Jha Akhilesh Kumar , Kennedy S , Jha Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Every process and LNG plants operate many pumps and compressors in the processing unit. Performing the pump stress Analysis is immensely critical. The Pump’s high vibration on the process plant will seriously affect the pipe and equipment’s smooth operation. The resonance effect between pipe and equipment will create a severe additional desecration. Before installation or formal process, we need to perform static analysis, and dynamic analysis (modal, forced response analysis) is mandatory for the pump system. The pump vendor must perform a Pulsation analysis on the piping system for reciprocating machinery subject to pulsation flow. In this study, flexibility analysis of pump piping system as per process piping code B31.3 using CAESAR-II programming followed by placing of diverse pipe supports. The support type and position of the supports as per the output get from static and dynamic examination. By the software analysis of CAESAR II, the efficiency of pipe flexibility and expansion of the piping system’s natural frequency is authenticating by include more oriented and load-bearing support to the elbow and Valve, which prevents the resulting of resonance successfully. The stress analysis, modal analysis, pulsation analysis, and vibration analysis method proposed in this paper will increase the lifespan and operation reliability of pipe and equipment.
Analysis of flow stress and microstructure evolution of 9310 steel during the hot compression
Authors: He YuHui , Lu Shuang , Tang JinYuan , Zhang JiaJia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the low-cost and high-strength of carburizing 9310 steel, it has become widely used in the manufacturing industry especially gears and shafts manufacturing. Hence, this paper investigates the hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the 9310 steel under hot compression conditions. With the help of a combination of standard compression testing, optical microstructure and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observation experiment, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV) mechanisms of the 9310 steel under compressive stress were determined and the constitutive equation model was also identified. It was found that the peak stress level, steady flow stress, dislocation density and number of substructures of the alloy increases with the decreasing of deformation temperature and the increasing of strain rate. Conversely, the high angle grain boundary area becomes larger, the grain boundary forms a serrated shape and the DRX in the alloy occurs. This comprehensive characterization of stress and phase transformation could enable a precise control of the microstructures of 9310 steel, and hence its properties.
Do flowers removed of either nectar or pollen attract fewer bumblebee pollinators? An experimental test in Impatiens oxyanthera
Authors: Li Deng-fei , Yan Xian-chun , Lin Yi , Wang Li , Wang Qiong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pollen and nectar are the primary rewards offered by flowers to pollinators. In floral visitors of some plant species, pollen thieves and nectar robbers cause the reduction in pollen grain number and nectar volume, respectively. However, it remains unclear whether the absence of either of the two rewards in a given flower reduces its attraction to nectar- and pollen-collecting pollinators. We hypothesized that flowers removed of either nectar or pollen would attract fewer pollinators. We studied protandrous Impatiens oxyanthera, whose flowers provide bumblebee pollinators with both nectar and pollen in the male phase. We conducted floral reward manipulation experiments to explore how the removal of either nectar or pollen from flowers influences pollinator behaviour by comparing their visitation rates and visit duration. Compared with the control flowers, the flowers removed of pollen attracted significantly more bumblebee pollinators per 30 min, but the flowers removed of nectar or those removed of both pollen and nectar attracted significantly fewer bumblebee pollinators per 30 min. Moreover, the visit duration of bumblebee pollinators to control flowers or flowers removed of pollen was longer than that to flowers removed of nectar or those removed of both pollen and nectar. Our investigations indicated that compared with control flowers, the flowers removed of nectar attracted fewer bumblebee pollinators, supporting our hypothesis. However, our other hypothesis that pollen removal would reduce pollinator visits was not supported by our results. Instead, compared with control flowers, the flowers that contained only nectar attracted more bumblebee pollinators. Nectar seems to be the main reward, and bumblebee pollinators mainly used the absence of pollen as a visual signal to locate I. oxyanthera flowers with a potentially higher amount of nectar.
Fate of Fat Grafting In Vivo and In Vitro: Does the Suction-Assisted Lipectomy Device Matter?
Authors: Hsiao Hui-Yi , Lai Chao-Yi , Liu Jia-Wei , Yu Yuan-Yuan , Chang Frank Chun-Shin , Huang Jung-Ju 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Recently, there has been increasing research interest in identifying the effect of liposuction procedures on fat graft survival in order to clarify whether different harvest techniques affect the quality of fat grafts.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 liposuction methods on the survival and regeneration potential of grafted fat tissue. The proliferation and differentiation potentials of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated by both methods was also investigated.

Methods
Fat grafts were collected from patients who underwent liposuction procedures by 2 different methods: traditional suction-assisted liposuction (TSAL) and vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER). One portion of the lipoaspirates was implanted into the subcutaneous layer of nu mice for 4 and 12 weeks. ASCs were isolated from the other portion of the lipoaspirate and subjected to proliferation and differentiation assays.

Results
Although in vivo fat grafting presented similar adipose tissue survival for the 2 different liposuction methods, more angiogenesis and less fibrosis was observed in the VASER group based on histologic evaluation. Furthermore, VASER-derived ASCs presented better quality in terms of cell differentiation capacity.

Conclusions
The in vivo study confirmed better graft angiogenesis with less inflammation, apoptosis, and scar formation in the VASER group. ASCs harvested with VASER exhibited increased differentiation capacity compared with those obtained by TSAL, and represent an excellent source for fat grafting and regenerative medicine.
Single-cell multi-omics sequencing: application trends, COVID-19, data analysis issues and prospects
Authors: Huo Lu , Jiao Li Jiao , Chen Ling , Yu Zuguo , Hutvagner Gyorgy , Li Jinyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing is a biotechnology to sequence one layer of genomic information for individual cells in a tissue sample. For example, single-cell DNA sequencing is to sequence the DNA from every single cell. Increasing in complexity, single-cell multi-omics sequencing, or single-cell multimodal omics sequencing, is to profile in parallel multiple layers of omics information from a single cell. In practice, single-cell multi-omics sequencing actually detects multiple traits such as DNA, RNA, methylation information and/or protein profiles from the same cell for many individuals in a tissue sample. Multi-omics sequencing has been widely applied to systematically unravel interplay mechanisms of key components and pathways in cell. This survey overviews recent developments in single-cell multi-omics sequencing, and their applications to understand complex diseases in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. We also summarize machine learning and bioinformatics techniques used in the analysis of the intercorrelated multilayer heterogeneous data. We observed that variational inference and graph-based learning are popular approaches, and Seurat V3 is a commonly used tool to transfer the missing variables and labels. We also discussed two intensively studied issues relating to data consistency and diversity and commented on currently cared issues surrounding the error correction of data pairs and data imputation methods. The survey is concluded with some open questions and opportunities for this extraordinary field.
Climate instability causing the decline of a Neotropical savanna lizard population (Squamata: Tropiduridae)
Authors: Caetano Gabriel Henrique De Oliveira , Colli Guarino Rinaldi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Populations that evolved in predictable seasonal environments might not have mechanisms to deal with unpredictable climate change. Assessing whether these populations can cope with recent increases in climate extremes and variability can better inform conservation efforts. We investigated the effects of climate deviations and fire on the population dynamics of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus in the Cerrado of Brazil. We decomposed six climate variables into seasonal and non-seasonal components and assessed which factors, along with long- and short-term effects of fire, better accounted for variation in the survival and recruitment of a T. torquatus population monitored for 12 years. Survival was not associated with climate seasonality, and instead minor fluctuations were related to temperature extremes. Recruitment benefited from long-term fire effects and had a strong seasonal component accounting for most of the variation in the population. Climate deviations caused severe changes in the number of recruits each year, with an overall negative effect on population growth. Population growth was more sensitive to recruitment than to survival, resulting in a sharp population decline over the study period. Tropidurus torquatus, and perhaps other species that evolved in similar conditions, can mitigate the demographic effects of fire but lack mechanisms to deal with climate deviation occurring over relatively short periods.
Vascular histopathology and connective tissue ultrastructure in spontaneous coronary artery dissection: pathophysiological and clinical implications
Authors: Margaritis Marios , Saini Francesca , Baranowska-Clarke Ania A , Parsons Sarah , Vink Aryan , Budgeon Charley , Allcock Natalie , Wagner Bart E , Samani Nilesh J , von der Thüsen Jan , Robertus Jan Lukas , Sheppard Mary N , Adlam David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndromes and in rare cases sudden cardiac death (SCD). Connective tissue abnormalities, coronary inflammation, increased coronary vasa vasorum (VV) density, and coronary fibromuscular dysplasia have all been implicated in the pathophysiology of SCAD but have not previously been systematically assessed. We designed a study to investigate the coronary histological and dermal collagen ultrastructural findings in SCAD.

Methods and results
Thirty-six autopsy SCAD cases were compared with 359 SCAD survivors. Coronary and myocardial histology and immunohistochemistry were undertaken. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) components of n = 31 SCAD survivors and n = 16 healthy volunteers were compared. Autopsy cases were more likely male (19% vs. 5%; P = 0.0004) with greater proximal left coronary involvement (56% vs. 18%; P &lt; 0.0001) compared to SCAD survivors. N = 24 (66%) of cases showed no myocardial infarction on macro- or microscopic examination consistent with arrhythmogenic death. There was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher inflammation in cases with delayed-onset death vs. sudden death and significantly more inflammation surrounding the dissected vs. non-dissected vessel segments. N = 17 (47%) cases showed limited intimal fibro-elastic thickening but no features of fibromuscular dysplasia and no endothelial or internal elastic lamina abnormalities. There were no differences in VV density between SCAD and control cases. TEM revealed no general ultrastructural differences in ECM components or markers of fibroblast metabolic activity.

Conclusions
Assessment of SCD requires careful exclusion of SCAD, particularly in cases without myocardial necrosis. Peri-coronary inflammation in SCAD is distinct from vasculitides and likely a reaction to, rather than a cause for SCAD. Coronary fibromuscular dysplasia or increased VV density does not appear pathophysiologically important. Dermal connective tissue changes are not common in SCAD survivors.
DOP15 Clinical relevance of endoscopic peri-appendiceal red patch in Ulcerative Colitis patients
Authors: Reijntjes M , Heuthorst L , Gecse K , Mookhoek A , Bemelman W , Buskens C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Recently, increasing evidence is suggesting appendectomy as an alternative treatment approach for ulcerative colitis (UC), especially in case of pathological inflammation of the appendix. Therefore, pre-operative identification of appendiceal inflammation could be of clinical importance to predict efficacy of therapeutic appendectomy. This study assessed the incidence of peri-appendiceal red patch (PARP) on colonoscopy, with the aim to correlate PARP to patient and disease characteristics. In addition, the prognostic relevance of PARP on course of disease, and more specifically, histopathological findings of inflammation in resection specimens of the appendix were assessed, to analyze if PARP could potentially be used to identify patients eligible for appendectomy.

Methods
All consecutive patients with UC undergoing colonoscopy in 2014 or 2015 were included to determine the incidence of PARP in a cross-sectional study. Findings were correlated to patient and disease characteristics, upscaling of treatment during disease course and colectomy rates. Degree of inflammation of the appendix in case of subsequent appendectomy/colectomy was determined and results were compared between patients with and without PARP. Histological inflammation was scored by an independent pathologist using the Robarts histopathology index (RHI).

Results
In total, 249 patients with an eligible endoscopy report were included. The incidence of PARP was 17.7% (44/249). Patients with PARP were significantly younger and had a shorter disease course. PARP patients with active disease had proctitis more frequently, although not significant (29.4% vs 11.4%, p= 0.19). Out of 44 PARP patients, 27 (61.4%) were found in colonoscopies showing endoscopic Mayo score 0 or 1. Patients with PARP required significantly more upscaling of medical therapy (81.8% vs 58.0%, p= 0.03), and during the median follow up of 71 months the PARP patient group underwent colectomy more frequently (13.6% vs 4.9%, p=0.04). Eighteen appendices were available for histological analysis, of which 8 showed a PARP pre-operatively. Patients with PARP had a higher median Robarts Histology Index (RHI) score compared to patients without a PARP (13.5 vs 6.5 p&lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
PARP was predominantly found in UC patients with younger age and shorter disease duration and were demonstrated to have a more severe course of UC. Patients with PARP had a higher histopathological inflammation score. Since pathological inflammation of the appendix has been associated with improved efficacy of therapeutic appendectomy, it could be attractive to analyze if the presence of PARP might help in selecting patients more likely to respond to therapeutic appendectomy.
DOP24 Crohn’s Disease fistula show skewed lymphoid/myeloid balance, altered myeloid cell profiles and high TNF-α expression
Authors: Becker M , de Krijger M , Bemelman W , de Jonge W , Buskens C , Wildenberg M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
A fistula is an abnormal tract connecting two epithelialized surfaces, for example the intestine and the skin. Perianal fistula are a common complication of patients suffering Crohn’s Disease (CD), but also occur in non-IBD patients in the form of cryptoglandular fistula. Around one third of all CD patients develop fistula at some point during their disease course. Fistula are often refractory to therapy, due to poor wound healing responses. In contrast, cryptoglandular fistula often respond to standard therapy. The biological background of this difference is unknown, and comparative studies between the two groups are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize the cellular composition in fistula tracts of CD and cryptoglandular patients.

Methods
Curettage material of perianal fistula tracts was obtained during surgical intervention from patients with CD (n=15) and cryptoglandular fistulas (n=5). Single-cell suspensions were stained with a 35-antibody panel, focusing on myeloid and T-cell markers and were analyzed using mass cytometry (CyTOF). To visualize macrophages in the fistula tract we performed in situ hybridization with CD68 and TNF-α.

Results
The main cellular component of both fistula tracts consisted of CD66a+ granulocytes (64 +/- 24%). However, the remaining mononuclear compartment differed significantly between Crohn and cryptoglandular fistula. In CD, the majority was of lymphoid nature (CD3+ T cells 57 +/-21%, CD19+ B cells 14 +/-15%), while in cryptoglandular tracts, the majority consisted of myeloid origin (61+/- 15%). Within the T cell compartment, the majority of cells was CD45RO+, indicating activation. Presence of a seton increased the proportion of CD45RO+ T cells, in particular in CD4+ cells. In the myeloid compartment, CD14high/HLA-int monocytes, CD14int/HLA-high inflammatory macrophages and CD14high/CD163+ resident macrophages were identified. Interestingly, CD patient samples contained less monocyte-like cells, and substantially more resident macrophages compared to cryptoglandular samples. This feature tended to be even more enhanced in the presence of a seton, although this did not reach statistical significance. In situ hybridization showed a high production of TNF-α in epithelial-like cells in fistula tract of Crohn’s disease patients, but not in macrophages.

Conclusion
Despite granulocytes being the main contributor to the cellular composition of fistula tracts, striking differences were found between Crohns and cryptoglandular fistula, both in lymphoid/myeloid balance, and in the presence of resident macrophages. We also showed that epithelial-like cells in Crohns’s disease fistula tracts produce high amounts of TNF-α. These differences may contribute to the lack of response to therapy in CD.
DOP42 Disease course and clinical outcomes in Taiwan Crohn’s Disease patients with perianal fistula: A nationwide-based study
Authors: Weng M T , Lin K L , Chan K A , Wei S C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Perianal fistula (PAF) is a disabling complication of Crohn’s disease (CD) and there are few reports about the disease course in Asian population in a population based nationwide scale. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical course and outcomes of PAF in Taiwanese CD population.

Methods
By using data from the National Health Insurance, we defined the CD patients and PAF by the ICD coding and filtered by the medication and surgery history. The prevalence, the fistula disease course was analyzed and the outcomes were compared to the CD patients without PAF.

Results
In this nationwide cohort study, from 2000 to 2017, PAF was diagnosed in 358 (14.6 %) of 2444 CD patients. The majority of CD patients with PAF were men (79.3%). The age of diagnosis for CD was younger in PAF patients (33.7 ± 14.9 years) than those without PAF (45 ± 21.8 years). Approximately half of the PAF occurred before (47.5%) the diagnosis of CD. 33.8% (121/358) patients had recurrent fistula with a median recurrent interval of 239 days (IQR 68–902 days). For CD patients with PAF, they received more often medical treatment including 5-ASA (93.9 vs 67.7 %, p &lt; 0.0001), steroid (94.4 vs 89 %, p &lt; 0.0018), azathioprine (61.7 vs 31.2 %, p &lt; 0.0001) and anti-TNF alpha (44.4 vs 15.1 %, p &lt; 0.0001) and had higher risk of operation (1.4 vs 1.2, p &lt; 0.0032), hospitalization (6.4 vs 3.8, p &lt; 0.0001), Out Patient Clinic (22 vs 6.7, p &lt; 0.0001) and emergency visits (9.7 vs 4.5, p &lt; 0.0001), compared to those without PAF. Although the PAF group needs higher health care utility, the mortality rate is lower than those without PAF (6.7% vs 18.7%, p &lt; 0.0001). Those PAF diagnosed earlier than CD had lower risk of hospitalization (5.1 vs 7.5, p =0.0005) and ER visit (6.3 vs 12.3, p = 0.0056) than PAF diagnosed at the same time or after CD diagnosis. With early use of biologics, patient is associated with lower risk of hospitalization (4.7 vs 9.1, p &lt;0.0001) and ER visit (4.9 vs 13.6, p =0.0116).

Conclusion
By using the nationwide population database, the prevalence of PAF in Taiwanese CD patients is 14.6 %. The fistula recurrence rate was 33.8%. Patients with PAF required more intensive care and consume more medical resources but they did not have poorer survival status compared to those who do not have PAF. Approximately half of PAF patients presented with perianal symptoms before the diagnosis of CD. Early use of biologics can decrease hospitalization and emergency visit.