bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs
Authors: Danielski Alan , Krekis Alexander , Yeadon Russell , Solano Miguel Angel , Parkin Tim , Vezzoni Aldo , Pfeil Ingo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report complications and prognostic factors in dogs undergoing proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy (PAUL). To evaluate the ability to predict complications on the basis of post‐operative radiographic examination.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsSixty‐six dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with PAUL between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed for demographics, intraoperative findings, and post‐operative complications. Post‐operative radiographs were reviewed by two masked expert orthopedic surgeons, who were asked to predict the likelihood of major mechanical complications. The prognostic value of variables was tested with univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Inter‐investigator agreement to predict complications was evaluated with two‐by‐two tables and kappa coefficient.ResultsSeventy‐four PAULs in 66 dogs were included. Duration of follow‐up ranged from 12 to 75 months (median: 53 months). Post‐operative complications were documented in 19/74 limbs (16 dogs), including major complications in 13 limbs. These complications consisted mainly of non‐union (six limbs), implant failure (two limbs), and infection (two limbs) requiring revision surgery in nine limbs. Body weight was the only variable associated with an increased risk of post‐operative complications (p = .04). Agreement between expert predictions was low (respectively k = −0.08 and k = 0.11).ConclusionMajor complications were reported in one fourth of limbs treated with PAUL and were more likely as body weight increased. Suboptimal plate and screw placement or osteotomy reduction on post‐operative radiographs were poorly predictive of complications.Clinical SignificanceComplications are fairly common after PAUL, particularly in heavier dogs, and post‐operative radiographic examination seems unreliable to predict those.
Predominant cause of faster force recovery in females than males after intense eccentric contractions in mouse fast‐twitch muscle
Authors: Watanabe Daiki , Ikegami Ryo , Kano Yutaka 
Published: August 2021

Key points
We investigated the mechanisms underlying faster force recovery from eccentric contractions (ECCs) in female than in male mice, focusing on mitochondrial responses.
At 3 days after repeated ECCs (REC3), female mice showed faster recovery from ECC‐induced force depression than male mice. At REC3, the mitochondria in females displayed superior responses to those in males: (i) mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter content of muscles at REC3 was higher than that of rested muscles in females, and (ii) mitochondrial volume density in females was higher than that in males at REC3. Ovariectomized (OVX) female mice showed lower mitochondrial responses at REC3, similar to those observed in male mice, but oestrogen replacement nullified such lower responses in OVX.
We concluded that: (i) superior mitochondrial responses after ECCs, at least in part, cause faster force recovery from ECCs in females than in males, and (ii) oestrogen contributes to such superior responses in the mitochondria in females.
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying sex differences in force recovery after eccentric contractions (ECCs). The left limbs of female and male mice were exposed to repeated ECCs (five sets of 50 contractions) elicited in vivo in the plantar flexor muscles. Isometric torques were measured before, immediately and at 3 days after ECCs (REC3), and gastrocnemius muscles obtained at REC3 were used for biochemical and morphological analyses. At REC3, a greater torque depression at 40 Hz was observed in males than females. Additionally, the following differences were observed at REC3: (i) in males but not females, triad structure was distorted, (ii) mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) content was increased in females but not in males, and (iii) mitochondrial volume density at REC3 was lower in males than in females. To examine the contribution of oestrogen to torque recovery, female mice were assigned to sham‐operated (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX treated with 17β‐oestradiol (OVX + E2) groups. At REC3, (i) greater torque depression at 40 Hz was observed in the OVX group than in the Sham and OVX + E2 groups, (ii) MCU content was increased in the Sham and OVX + E2 groups but not the OVX group, and (iii) mitochondrial volume density at REC3 was lower in the OVX group than the Sham and OVX + E2 groups. These results suggest that faster force recovery in females than in males is, at least partly, ascribable to superior mitochondrial responses, and oestrogen supplementation, in part, enhances such responses.
Utilization of Nuklearna Elektrarna Krško Full Scope Simulator for Plant Operation Optimization, Nuclear Education and Engineering in 20 Years
Authors: Žvar Matjaž , Žagar Tomaž 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article gives an impact analysis of utilization of nuclear power plant full scope simulator on operation parameters, training and education in nuclear power plant Krško (NEK). The Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration issued their simulator decree to NEK in April 1995. The first training session on the simulator was performed in April 17, 2000 and since then the simulator has been used on daily bases to improve operator knowledges, skills, and performances. At the time, this was the first full scope simulator with the capability to simulate Beyond design basis accidents (severe accidents). The ability to simulate core meltdown and containment breach made it very suitable for emergency preparedness drills. After the 2017 simulator upgrade, fuel meltdown in the spent fuel pool can be simulated using the Modular Accident Analysis Program—MAAP5. This capability is still unique for full scope simulators even today. The simulator is also used for pretesting of plant modifications before their implementation on site or for just-in-time training for infrequent performed evolutions or for procedure development and testing. The Pressurized Water Reactor Owners Group used the NEK simulator in 2018 to develop the new set of the Severe Accident Management Guidelines, incorporated with a completely new usage approach. In all of these years, the simulator has been actively participating in the increased reliability and stability of the electricity production and in achieving NEK's vision to be a worldwide leader in nuclear safety and excellence.
Performance Improvement of Cross-Flow Turbine With a Cylindrical Cavity and Guide Wall
Authors: Ogawa Naoto , Goto Mirei , Iio Shouichiro , Kitahora Takaya , Choi Young-Do , Inagaki Morihito 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cross-flow turbine has been utilizing to develop small hydropower less than about 500 kW in the world. The turbine cost is lower than the other turbines because of its smaller number of assembled parts and more straightforward structures. However, the maximum efficiency of the cross-flow turbine is lower than that of traditional turbines. Improving the turbine efficiency without increasing manufacturing costs is the best way to develop small hydropower in the future. This study is aiming to improve the turbine efficiency at the design point and partial load. The runner's outflow angle varies with turbine speed and guide vane opening (GVO) in the typical cross-flow turbine. The tangential velocity component remains in the outflow in these conditions; thus, a change in the outflow direction along the runner's radial direction is helpful for performance improvement. The authors experimentally change the desirable outflow angle by attaching a cavity and a guide wall at the outside casing tip. The turbine performance test was conducted for various turbine speeds and GVOs. Next, flow visualization around the runner was performed. As a result, both of cavity and guide wall improve the turbine performance. The outlet flow patterns are different by attaching the cavity and the guide wall, especially between the partial and optimum load conditions.
Response of Autoignition-Stabilized Flames to One-Dimensional Disturbances: Intrinsic Response
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Harish Subramanian , Gruber Andrea , Moeck Jonas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Burning carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen in gas turbines promises power generation with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. A two-stage combustor architecture with an autoignition-stabilized flame in the second stage allows for efficient combustion of hydrogen fuels. However, interactions between the autoignition-stabilized flame and the acoustic field of the combustor may result in self-sustained oscillations of the flame front position and heat release rate, which severely affect the stable operation of the combustor. We study one such 'intrinsic' mode of interaction wherein acoustic waves generated by the unsteady flame travel upstream and modulate the incoming mixture resulting in flame front oscillations. In particular, we study the response of an autoignition-stabilized flame to upstream traveling acoustic disturbances in a one-dimensional configuration. We first present a numerical framework to calculate the response of autoignition-stabilized flames to acoustic and entropy disturbances in a one-dimensional combustor. The flame response is computed by solving the energy and species mass balance equations. We validate the framework with compressible direct numerical simulations. Lastly, we present results for the flame response to upstream traveling acoustic perturbations. The results show that autoignition-stabilized flames are highly sensitive to acoustic temperature fluctuations and exhibit a characteristic frequency-dependent response. Acoustic pressure and velocity fluctuations constructively or destructively superpose with temperature fluctuations, depending on the mean pressure and relative phase between the fluctuations. The findings of the present work are essential for understanding the intrinsic feedback mechanism in combustors with autoignition-stabilized flames.
A Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis Method Using Modified Health Index and Deep Neural Networks of a Rolling Bearing
Authors: Lin Muyangzi , Shan Miyuan , Zhou Jie , Pan Yunjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo improve fault diagnosis accuracy, a data-driven fault diagnosis model based on the adjustment Mahalanobis–Taguchi system (AMTS) was proposed. This model can analyze and identify the characteristics of vibration signals by using degradation monitoring as the classifier to capture and recognize the faults of the product more accurately. To achieve this goal, we first used the modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) scalar index to capture the bearing condition; then, by using the key intrinsic mode function (IMF) extracted by AMTS as the input of classifier, the optimized properties of bearing is decomposed and extracted effectively. Next, to improve the accuracy of the fault diagnosis, we tested different modes, employing the modified health index (MHI), which is designed to overcome the shortcomings of the proposed health index as a classifier in a single fault mode and the deep neural networks (DNNs) as a classifier in a multifault mode. To evaluate the effectiveness of our model, the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing data were used for verification. Results indicated a strong robustness with 99.16% and 1.09s, 99.86% and 6.61s fault diagnosis accuracy in different data modes. Furthermore, we argue that this data-driven fault diagnosis obviously lowers the maintenance cost of complex systems by significantly reducing the inspection frequency and improves future safety and reliability.
Recruiting Women to a Male-Dominated Activity: A Case Study of Women’s Nonparticipation in Fantasy Sport
Authors: Ruihley Brody J. , Grappendorf Heidi 
Published: August 2021

Fantasy Sports Collection, Inc. (FSC) is a fantasy sport organization offering fantasy play since 2005. Having plateaued in consumer growth, FSC is faced with difficult financial decisions. In a brainstorming session regarding new initiatives, Molly Brinkmeyer suggested an idea to purposefully market to and recruit more women to preestablished offerings. Molly’s reasons driving this idea were the fact that only 14% of their consumers were women and, after an evaluation of FSC’s marketing campaigns, employees of FSC quickly saw that advertisements were overtly produced for men. FSC’s management team felt that this was an idea worth pursuing. They charged Molly with acquiring information about women’s fantasy sport participation and gave her a 3-week window to learn more and report back. She found that women’s top perceptions of the activity were that: (a) the activity was time consuming; (b) the activity required research, surveillance, and information; (c) they had no interest or understanding of it; (d) they felt the activity was too competitive; (e) they thought it wasn’t real; and (f) they still had a positive opinion of fantasy sport. With this new information, marketing decisions could now be made to address existing concerns by women regarding fantasy sport participation.
Geodynamic significance of a buried transient Carboniferous landscape
Authors: McNab Fergus , White Nicky 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly clear that present-day dynamic topography on Earth, which is generated and maintained by mantle convective processes, varies on timescales and length scales on the order of 1–10 m.y. and 103 km, respectively. A significant implication of this behavior is that Phanerozoic stratigraphic records should contain indirect evidence of these processes. Here, we describe and analyze a well-exposed example of an ancient landscape from the Grand Canyon region of western North America that appears to preserve a transient response to mantle processes. The Surprise Canyon Formation lies close to the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary and crops out as a series of discontinuous lenses and patches that are interpreted as remnants of a westward-draining network of paleovalleys and paleochannels within a coastal embayment. This drainage network is incised into the marine Redwall Limestone whose irregular and karstified upper surface contains many caves and collapse structures. The Surprise Canyon Formation itself consists of coarse imbricated conglomerates, terrestrial plant impressions including Lepidodendron, and marine invertebrate fossils. It is overlain by marine, fluvial, and aeolian deposits of the Supai Group. These stratal relationships are indicative of a transient base-level fall whose amplitude and regional extent are recognized as being inconsistent with glacio-eustatic sea-level variation. We propose that this transient event is caused by emplacement and decay of a temperature anomaly within an asthenospheric channel located beneath the lithospheric plate. An analytical model is developed that accounts for the average regional uplift associated with landscape development and its rapid tectonic subsidence. This model suggests that emplacement and decay of a ~50 °C temperature anomaly within a channel that is 150 ± 50 km thick can account for the observed vertical displacements. Our results are corroborated by detrital zircon studies that support wholesale drainage reorganization at this time and by stratigraphic evidence for spatially variable regional epeirogeny. They are also consistent with an emerging understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary.
Structure and Properties of 1,3,3-Trimethyl-6′-chlorospiro[indoline-2,2′-2H-chromene]
Authors: Pugachev A. D. , Tkachev V. V. , Aldoshin S. M. , Makarova N. I. , Rostovtseva I. A. , Metelitsa A. V. , Stankevich N. V. , Shilov G. V. , Lukyanov B. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Indoline spiropyran containing an σ-acceptor chlorine atom in 6′ position of the 2H-chromene part of the molecule was synthesized and studied. The use of 1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium perchlorate as a starting compound made it possible to achieve higher product yields as compared to previous studies. The molecular structure of the compound was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The features of the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions were investigated using CrystalExplorer17 software package. The photochromic behavior in acetonitrile solution was studied for the first time. It was found that the merocyanine form of spiropyran is characterized by an absorption maximum at 592 nm, which is 37 nm closer to the range of the “biological window” in comparison with the nitro-substituted analog.
The Regularized Mesh Scheme to Solve Quasilinear Parabolic Equation with Time-Fractional Derivative
Authors: Lapin A. V. , Laitinen E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A quasilinear parabolic problem with a time fractional derivative of the Caputo type and mixed boundary conditions is considered. The coefficients of the elliptic operator depend on the gradient of the solution, and this operator is uniformly monotone and Lipschitz-continuous. For this problem, unconditionally stable linear regularized semi-discrete scheme is constructed based on the $$L1$$-approximation of the fractional time derivative. Stability estimates are obtained by the variational method. Accuracy estimates are given provided that the initial data and the solution to the differential problem are sufficiently smooth. The proved result of stability of the semi-discrete scheme is valid for the mesh scheme obtained from the semi-discrete problem using the finite element method in spatial variables.
Observational cross-sectional study of 5279 bronchoscopy results for the practical effectiveness of various biopsy techniques in the diagnosis of lung diseases with particular emphasis on lung cancer
Authors: Błach Justyna , Frąk Małgorzata , Krawczyk Pawel , Pankowski Juliusz , Pankowski Adam , Buczkowski Jarosław , Szlubowski Artur , Siwiec Jan , Krudyś Piotr , Michnar Marek , Kieszko Robert , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionBronchoscopy is the main method in the diagnosis of various lung diseases. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the most modern bronchoscopic technique useful in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer (LC).ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the yield of bronchoscopy in patients with suspected various respiratory diseases including LC. In particular, we examined the efficiency of different biopsy techniques in the diagnosis of LC in correlation with its localisation and pathomorphological type.Patients and methodsThe results of pathomorphological examinations from 5279 bronchoscopies performed in 2016–2018 were analysed. The material was collected with EBUS-TBNA, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endobronchial forceps biopsy. Clinical and demographic factors were analysed using the Fisher χ2test.Results5279 patients were diagnosed due to various respiratory symptoms. LC was confirmed in 36.42% of patients. 40.81% of patients had no definitive pathomorphological diagnosis. Among patients with LC, the most frequent diagnosis was non-small cell LC: squamous cell lung cancer (SCC)—32.07% and adenocarcinoma (AC)—30.61%, then small cell LC—25.83% and not otherwise specified non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC-NOS)—11.49%. Diagnosis of SCC was obtained significantly more often (χ2=43.143, p<0.000001) by forceps biopsy (41.09%) than by EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA (26.62%). On the contrary, diagnosis of AC or NSCLC-NOS was significantly more often (χ2=20.394, p<0.000007, and χ2=3.902, p<0.05, respectively) observed in EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA (34.31% and 12.6%) than in endobronchial biopsies (24.52% and 9.64%).ConclusionsThe use of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of various lung diseases is vital but also has many limitations. Effectiveness of EBUS-TBNA and endobronchial forceps biopsy in the diagnosis of lung cancer is strongly affected by tumour localisation and type of cancer.
Association between cytokine levels, sepsis severity and clinical outcomes in sepsis: a quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Gharamti Amal , Samara Omar , Monzon Anthony , Scherger Sias , DeSanto Kristen , Sillau Stefan , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Henao-Martínez Andrés , Shapiro Leland 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionIt is widely assumed thatsepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammation caused by a dysregulated host response to infection mediated by an increase in multiple proinflammatory cytokines. The levels of key proinflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1β and interferon γ are poorly characterised during sepsis. We believe this project will produce a ‘gold-standard’ document to which other reports on cytokine levels will be compared. The objective of this systematic review will be to identify key cytokine circulating levels in patients with sepsis and assess the association between these levels and morbidity and mortality outcomes related to sepsis.Methods and analysisWe would include reports of any design except for case reports. Sepsis patients will comprise those with a diagnosis of sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. The primary exposure is levels of three proinflammatory cytokines. The primary outcome is mortality at 28 or 30 days. Study subjects can be of any age, sex or ethnicity. Studies will be restricted to the English language. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched for eligible studies. A database search will include studies from 1985 to May 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, assess methodological quality and extract data. A meta-analysis will be performed, if possible, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation Summary of Findings presented.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as data will be extracted from existing literature. This systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at conference meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020179800.