bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐CEO retirement appointments and financial accounting—Evidence from CEO turnovers
Authors: Brown Kareen , Ho Nam , Pacharn Parunchana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrior research has shown that when boards seek to appoint CEOs as outside directors, the director labor market rewards CEOs' accounting performance. This study examines whether the external labor market's assessment of the accounting performance is moderated by CEOs' past exercise of financial reporting discretion in the form of accruals and real earnings management and financial statement readability. Our results show a positive association between post‐CEO board opportunities and within‐GAAP accruals management as well as to more readable financial statements. Earnings restatements are associated with fewer board positions and director pay. However, the director labor market appears to punish R&D expenditure above the industry median, suggesting that boards view overinvestment as a risky avenue for growth. Finally, the results suggest that for CEOs with planned retirement, the director labor market provides some mitigating effect on the horizon problem.
Methionine affects the expression of pluripotency genes and protein levels associated with methionine metabolism in adult, fetal, and cancer stem cells
Authors: Altundag Özlem , Canpinar Hande , Çelebi‐Saltik Betül 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntracellular and extracellular regulatory factors promote the potency and self‐renewal property of stem cells. Methionine is fundamental for protein synthesis and regulation of methylation reactions. Specifically, methionine metabolism in embryonic and fetal development processes regulates gene expression profile/epigenetic identity of stem cells to achieve pluripotency and cellular functions. We aimed to reveal the differences in methionine metabolism of bone marrow (BM)‐mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB)‐MSCs, and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reflect different metabolic profiles and developmental stages of stem cells. UCB‐MSC, BM‐MSCs, and breast CSCs were treated with different doses (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) of l‐methionine. Cell surface marker and cell cycle assessment were performed by flow cytometry. Changes in gene expressions (OCT3/4, NANOG, DMNT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, MAT2A, and MAT2B) with methionine supplementation were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and the changes in histone methylation (H3K4me3, H3K27me3) levels were demonstrated by western blot analysis. S‐adenosylmethionine//S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cells that were exposed to different concentrations of l‐methionine, were mostly arrested in the G0/G1 phase for each stem cell group. It was evaluated that BM‐MSCs increased all gene expressions in the culture medium‐containing 100 µM methionine, in addition to SAM/SAH levels. On the other hand, UCB‐MSCs were found to increase OCT3/4, NANOG, and DNMT1 gene expressions and decrease MAT2A and MAT2B expressions in the culture medium containing 10 µM methionine. Moreover, an increase was observed in the He3K4me3 methylation profile. In addition, OCT3/4, NANOG, DNMT1, and MAT2B gene expressions in CSCs increased starting from the addition of 25 µM methionine. An increase was determined in H3K4me3 protein expression at 50 and 100 µM methionine‐supplemented culture condition. This study demonstrates that methionine plays a critical role in metabolism and epigenetic regulation in different stem cell groups.
Analgesic effects and arthritic changes following tramadol administration in a rat hip osteoarthritis model
Authors: Kanno Keijiro , Suzuki‐Narita Miyako , Kawarai Yuya , Hagiwara Shigeo , Yoh Satoshi , Nakamura Junichi , Orita Sumihisa , Inage Kazuhide , Suzuki Takane , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated the analgesic effects of tramadol and the arthritic changes following tramadol administration in the rat hip osteoarthritis (OA) model using mono‐iodoacetate (MIA). The right hip joints of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 5 rats/group) in the Sham group were injected with 25 μl of sterile saline and 1% of fluorogold (FG) retrograde neurotracer. In the MIA + Vehicle and MIA + Tramadol groups, FG and 25 μl of sterile saline with 0.5 mg of MIA were injected into the right hip joint. The MIA + Vehicle and MIA + Tramadol groups were administered daily for 4 weeks, either sterile saline (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) or tramadol (10 mg/kg, i.p.). We assessed hyperalgesia every week after MIA administration. Histopathological changes and immunoreactive neurons for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment. MIA injection into the hip joint led to mechanical hyperalgesia (p < 0.01), which was significantly reduced by tramadol administration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, daily i.p injection of tramadol significantly suppressed CGRP expression in DRG (p < 0.0001). MIA + Vehicle and MIA + Tramadol groups showed significant cartilage reduction and degeneration compared to the Sham group (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, OA changes significantly progressed in the MIA + Tramadol group compared to the MIA + Vehicle group (p < 0.0001).
Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in urban air
Authors: Becsei Ágnes , Solymosi Norbert , Csabai István , Magyar Donát 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo understand antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, we need to monitor environmental microbes as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). These bacteria are present in the air and can be investigated with the whole metagenome shotgun sequencing approach. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a method for metagenomic analysis of microbial composition and ARGs in the outdoor air. Air samples were collected with a Harvard impactor in the PM10 range at 50 m from a hospital in Budapest. From the DNA yielded from samples of PM10 fraction single‐end reads were generated with an Ion Torrent sequencer. During the metagenomic analysis, reads were classified taxonomically. The core bacteriome was defined. Reads were assembled to contigs and the ARG content was analyzed. The dominant genera in the core bacteriome were Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Leclercia and Paenibacillus. Among the identified ARGs best hits were vanRA, Bla1, mphL, Escherichia coli EF‐Tu mutants conferring resistance to pulvomycin; BcI, FosB, and mphM. Despite the low DNA content of the samples of PM10 fraction, the number of detected airborne ARGs was surprisingly high.
Bilateral free flap breast reconstruction using venous cross‐over bypass to contralateral internal mammary artery for salvaging thrombosed arterial anastomosis in unilateral repeated irradiation of the breast: A case report
Authors: Cai Aijia , Geierlehner Alexander , Arkudas Andreas , Horch Raymund E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer patients might enhance complications after autologous breast reconstruction, including thrombosis of the internal mammary artery (IMA) precluding its use as recipient vessel. This case report shows a salvage procedure for thrombosis of the IMA during bilateral autologous breast reconstruction in a 51‐year‐old patient who had undergone repeated irradiation of the chest wall after Hodgkin's disease and recurrent breast carcinoma of the right side. After mastectomy of the right breast and prophylactic mastectomy of the left breast, the patient desired breast reconstruction with autologous tissue. During simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction using two deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps anastomosed to the left and right inframammary vessels, arterial anastomosis to the right IMA was not feasible due to arterial thrombosis. A salvage procedure using an interpositional cephalic vein graft as a crossover bypass and a subcutaneous presternal tunnel was used. The inferior epigastric artery of the right DIEP flap was anastomosed to the venous bypass, which was anastomosed to the contralateral IMA. Both flaps healed without any complications during the postoperative course and follow up of 6 months. The presented case shows the feasibility of a cross‐over venous bypass procedure during bilateral breast reconstruction as salvage maneuver for the arterial anastomosis after repeated radiation of the unilateral breast.
Long‐term outcomes of transobturator suburethral tapes for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Sabadell Jordi , Montero‐Armengol Anabel , Salicrú Sabina , Catalán‐Martínez Marina , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Poza Jose L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim is to evaluate long‐term effectiveness and safety of transobturator midurethral slings (TO‐MUS) for treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Possible risk factors for failure and complications are also evaluated.MethodsA descriptive retrospective study was performed among women with SUI treated at a tertiary urogynecology unit between January 2004 and December 2006. Women with stress‐predominant mixed urinary incontinence or with associated pelvic organ prolapse were also included. Postoperative follow‐up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Outcomes were classified as cured, improved or failed.ResultsOf 896 women operated on over the study period, 565 were suitable for the analysis. Of them, 327 women completed the 5‐year, 225 the 7‐year, and 172 the 10‐year follow‐up periods. Success rates were 77.6%, 73.8%, and 73.2% at 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression models age, body mass index, and previous incontinence surgery were related to failure. Complications of any type were described in 24.9% of patients, although most of them were mild. Only concomitant prolapse surgery was related to intraoperative and peroperative complications and the inside‐out route to an increased odds of groin pain (odds ratio = 4.0).ConclusionsThis study showed that TO‐MUS is an effective and safe procedure in the long‐term. The expected outcomes and possible side effects profile should be discussed in detail during the counseling process before opting for a treatment option.
Cardiac decompensation and promiscuous prenylation of small GTPases in cardiomyocytes in response to local mevalonate pathway disruption†
Authors: Essandoh Kobina , Auchus Richard J , Brody Matthew J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvestigations of major mevalonate pathway enzymes have demonstrated the importance of local isoprenoid synthesis in cardiac homeostasis. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) synthesizes isoprenoid precursors needed for cholesterol biosynthesis and protein prenylation. Wang, Zhang, Chen et al, in a recently published article in The Journal of Pathology, elegantly elucidated the pathological outcomes of FPPS deficiency in cardiomyocytes, which paradoxically resulted in increased prenylation of the small GTPases Ras and Rheb. Cardiomyocyte FPPS depletion caused severe dilated cardiomyopathy that was associated with enhanced GTP‐loading and abundance of Ras and Rheb in lipidated protein‐enriched cardiac fractions and robust activation of downstream hypertrophic ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways. Cardiomyopathy and activation of ERK1/2 and mTOR caused by loss of FPPS were ameliorated by inhibition of farnesyltransferase, suggesting that impairment of FPPS activity results in promiscuous activation of Ras and Rheb through non‐canonical actions of farnesyltransferase. Here, we discuss the findings and adaptive signaling mechanisms in response to disruption of local cardiomyocyte mevalonate pathway activity, highlighting how alteration in a key branch point in the mevalonate pathway affects cardiac biology and function and perturbs protein prenylation, which might unveil novel strategies and intricacies of targeting the mevalonate pathway to treat cardiovascular diseases. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Desired properties and corresponding improvement measures of electrospun nanofibers for membrane distillation, reinforcement, and self‐healing applications
Authors: Xia Weihai , Peng Guangjian , Hu Yahao , Dou Guijing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers have promising properties and serve an important role in various applications ranging from biomedical engineering to mechanical engineering. Although electrospun nanofibers are not used worldwide, the limited research conducted thus far provides a rudimentary understanding of nanofibers and explores the potential areas that have attracted attention for commercialization. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the properties of nanofibers in various applications severely limits their functionality. This review provides clear insights into modifying the morphology of nanofibers by adjusting various parameters to meet specific application requirements. Various applications, including membrane distillation, reinforcement, and self‐healing, and the corresponding desired properties are discussed in detail. Approaches for enhancing the application‐specific properties of electrospun nanofibers are also discussed. This discussion provides significant guidance for the design of novel electrospun composites with excellent properties. Finally, the challenges in research and the opportunities for future development are presented.
Experimental tests of hybrid VTOL unmanned aerial vehicle designed for surveillance missions and operations in maritime conditions from ship‐based helipads
Authors: Ambroziak Leszek , Ciężkowski Maciej , Wolniakowski Adam , Romaniuk Sławomir , Bożko Arkadiusz , Ołdziej Daniel , Kownacki Cezary 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article presents research on a hybrid vertical take‐off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) supported by a relative positioning system, enabling the deployment of autonomous missions from ship‐based helipads in maritime conditions. A crucial issue to be solved is ensuring precise positioning of the UAV relative to the landing pad in the take‐off and landing phases. To achieve this, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is implemented on the UAV's onboard computer, which integrates the positioning data from the UAV's global navigation satellite system receiver and the positioning data of the landing pad broadcast by the landing pad navigation station (LNS). The EKF estimates both the absolute and relative position of the UAV, which are required for autonomous take‐off and landing on the moving landing pad. In unfavorable weather conditions, EKF also uses data from an optional local positioning system to keep the accuracy within the range 1–3 m. The research was concluded by experimental verification during a ferry cruise over the Baltic Sea. During the research, the VTOL UAV performed two fully autonomous flight missions at the range about 1 km from the moving ferry in international waters. Each of them ended with a successful landing back on the helipad with an accuracy matching its required level, which was already achieved in the previous research carried out in inland conditions. Data recorded during real flights confirm that the developed system, consisting of a hybrid VTOL UAV and a LNS, is ready to be utilized in autonomous missions at sea. Factors having a critical impact on the safety of use of the VTOL UAV in marine conditions were also identified, which were not observed during the research in inland conditions, and are related directly to turbulence around the landing pad.
Lack of inhibitory effect of wood creosote on cytochrome P450‐mediated drug metabolism
Authors: Chokki Hirokazu , Nishimura Yuki , Iwase Mariko , Kurata Norimitsu , Shinya Koichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Ito Masafumi , Asai Mutsumi , Morino Hirofumi , Miura Takanori , Shibata Takashi , Kiuchi Yuji 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAimWood creosote (WC), an over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug, has been used as an anti‐diarrheal agent for many years; however, its safety in combination with other drugs has not been adequately investigated. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether WC may cause drug interactions through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP).MethodsThe inhibitory effects of WC on ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylation, paclitaxel 6α‐hydroxylation, S‐warfarin 7‐hydroxylation, S‐mephenytoin 4′‐hydroxylation, bufuralol1′‐hydroxylation, and midazolam (MDZ) 1′‐hydroxylation were investigated using human liver microsomes as the marker activities for CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, respectively. In addition, the effects of single and three‐day multiple treatments of WC (30 mg/kg) on CYP2C‐mediated tolbutamide (TB, 20 mg/kg) and CYP3A‐mediated MDZ (15 mg/kg) metabolism were investigated in rats in vivo.ResultsWC at clinical doses did not show a considerable inhibitory effect on any of the CYP activities examined in the in vitro study. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 activities were inhibited by high concentrations of the WC (100 μg/mL); however, the IC50 values were approximately 70 times higher than the reported circulating levels of the main ingredients in WC. Furthermore, there were no marked changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of TB and MDZ (area under the serum concentration–time curve, maximum serum concentrations, and elimination half‐life) after single or three‐day multiple treatments with WC.ConclusionThese results suggest that clinical doses of WC are unlikely to cause drug interactions mediated by the inhibition of CYPs.
Special Vinberg cones and the entropy of BPS extremal black holes
Authors: Alekseevsky Dmitri V. , Marrani Alessio , Spiro Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider the static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat BPS extremal black holes in ungauged N = 2 D = 4 supergravity theories, in which the scalar manifold of the vector multiplets is homogeneous. By a result of Shmakova on the BPS attractor equations, the entropy of this kind of black holes can be expressed only in terms of their electric and magnetic charges, provided that the inverse of a certain quadratic map (uniquely determined by the prepotential of the theory) is given. This inverse was previously known just for the cases in which the scalar manifold of the theory is a homogeneous symmetric space. In this paper we use Vinberg’s theory of homogeneous cones to determine an explicit expression for such an inverse, under the assumption that the scalar manifold is homogeneous, but not necessarily symmetric. As immediate consequence, we get a formula for the entropy of BPS black holes that holds in any model of N = 2 supergravity with homogeneous scalar manifold.
Non-Gaussian stochastic gravitational waves from phase transitions
Authors: Kumar Soubhik , Sundrum Raman , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cosmological phase transitions in the primordial universe can produce anisotropic stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (GWB), similar to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). For adiabatic perturbations, the fluctuations in GWB follow those in the CMB, but if primordial fluctuations carry an isocurvature component, this need no longer be true. It is shown that in non-minimal inflationary and reheating settings, primordial isocurvature can survive in GWB and exhibit significant non-Gaussianity (NG) in contrast to the CMB, while obeying current observational bounds. While probing such NG GWB is at best a marginal possibility at LISA, there is much greater scope at future proposed detectors such as DECIGO and BBO. It is even possible that the first observations of inflation-era NG could be made with gravitational wave detectors as opposed to the CMB or Large-Scale Structure surveys.
The Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in AdS5 × S5 and level splitting of 10d conformal symmetry
Authors: Aprile F. , Drummond J. M. , Paul H. , Santagata M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The genus zero contribution to the four-point correlator $$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_{p_1}{\mathcal{O}}_{p_2}{\mathcal{O}}_{p_3}{\mathcal{O}}_{p_4}\right\rangle $$

O

p
1

O

p
2

O

p
3

O

p
4

of half-BPS single-particle operators $$ {\mathcal{O}}_p $$

O
p

in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills, at strong coupling, computes the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude of closed superstrings in AdS5× S5. Combining Mellin space techniques, the large p limit, and data about the spectrum of two-particle operators at tree level in supergravity, we design a bootstrap algorithm which heavily constrains its α′ expansion. We use crossing symmetry, polynomiality in the Mellin variables and the large p limit to stratify the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude away from the ten-dimensional flat space limit. Then we analyse the spectrum of exchanged two-particle operators at fixed order in the α′ expansion. We impose that the ten-dimensional spin of the spectrum visible at that order is bounded above in the same way as in the flat space amplitude. This constraint determines the Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude in AdS5× S5 up to a small number of ambiguities at each order. We compute it explicitly for (α′)5,6,7,8,9. As the order of α′ grows, the ten dimensional spin grows, and the set of visible two-particle operators opens up. Operators illuminated for the first time receive a string correction to their anomalous dimensions which is uniquely determined and lifts the residual degeneracy of tree level supergravity, due to ten-dimensional conformal symmetry. We encode the lifting of the residual degeneracy in a characteristic polynomial. This object carries information about all orders in α′. It is analytic in the quantum numbers, symmetric under an AdS5 ↔ S5 exchange, and it enjoys intriguing properties, which we explain and detail in various cases.
Multipliers and Duality for Group Actions
Authors: McKee Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe define operator-valued Schur and Herz–Schur multipliers in terms of module actions, and show that the standard properties of these multipliers follow from well-known facts about these module actions and duality theory for group actions. These results are applied to study the Herz–Schur multipliers of an abelian group acting on its Pontryagin dual: it is shown that a natural subset of these Herz–Schur multipliers can be identified with the classical Herz–Schur multipliers of the direct product of the group with its dual group.
Influence of additional dielectric coatings on the electrode surfaces on selected parameters of acoustic emission signals in high-voltage gas insulation systems
Authors: Dobrzycki Arkadiusz , Opydo Władysław , Zakrzewski Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the study of impact of additional dielectric coatings placed on the surface of the electrodes on the operation of a high-voltage insulation system with air as insulating medium. The study mainly focused on measurement of partial discharges (PDs) with the use of acoustic emission method. Tests were conducted in various levels of chamber pressure. Applicable parameters of recorded signals were analyzed with the use of applications developed in the environment of MATLAB software. The results of analyses clearly show that presence of additional coatings has impact on signal parameters and thus indirectly on PDs. The use of coatings reduces the duration of a single pulse (event) and increases its amplitude. Furthermore, the influence of degradation of the coating caused by individual discharges on the values of the analyzed parameters was analyzed. The study has shown, however, that this effect is negligible.