bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4G to 6G: disruptions and drivers for optical access [Invited]
Authors: Ranaweera Chathurika , Kua Jonathan , Dias Imali , Wong Elaine , Lim Christina , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai 
Published: December 2021

The exponential growth of diverse smart mobile applications such as smart monitoring, holograms, and autonomous vehicles are driving mobile technologies toward a more intelligent and software-defined communication system. This growing demand has led to the next giant leap in next-generation wireless communication technology, i.e., sixth-generation (6G) mobile technology, which anticipates providing 1 Tbps data rates and ultralow latency over ubiquitous 3D coverage areas. However, the transport network, which connects hundreds of thousands of cell sites and the network core to enable intelligence, virtualization, and other key features of 6G, has not advanced enough to cater the dense cell deployment expected in future 6G networks. Because many aspects of 6G remain undefined, this provides us with the opportunity to take optical transport networks into design consideration to realize the benefits that 6G has to offer. To this end, in this paper, we present a comprehensive view on the role of optical access networks in supporting fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond wireless technologies. In particular, we discuss design and deployment strategies and their challenges when using optical access as a transport solution during the evolution of wireless access technologies. For this purpose, we first identify how an optical access network is used to support high-capacity transport networks in 4G, followed by the challenges that 5G brought into optical transport networks and its diverse solutions. We conclude the paper by providing insights into how an optical transport network can be designed to support 6G.
Midwives’ perspectives on person-centred maternity care in public hospitals in South-east Nigeria: A mixed-method study
Authors: Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka , Okoronkwo Ijeoma Lewechi 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPerson-centred maternity care (PCMC) is acknowledged as essential for achieving improved quality of care during labour and childbirth. Yet, evidence of healthcare providers’ perspectives of person-centred maternity care is scarce in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined the perceptions of midwives on person-centred maternity care (PCMC) in Enugu State, South-east Nigeria.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted in seven public hospitals in Enugu metropolis, Enugu State, South-east Nigeria. A mixed-methods design, involving a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions (FGDs) was used. All midwives (n = 201) working in the maternity sections of the selected hospitals were sampled. Data were collected from February to May 2019 using a self-administered, validated PCMC questionnaire. A sub-set of midwives (n = 56), purposively selected using maximum variation sampling, participated in the FGDs (n = 7). Quantitative data were entered, cleaned, and analysed with SPSS version 20 using descriptive and bivariate statistics and multivariate regression. Statistical significance was set at alpha 0.05 level. Qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe mean age of midwives was 41.8 years ±9.6 years. About 53% of midwives have worked for ≥10 years, while 60% are junior midwives. Overall, the prevalence of low, medium, and high PCMC among midwives were 26%, 49% and 25%. The mean PCMC score was 54.06 (10.99). High perception of PCMC subscales ranged from 6.5% (dignity and respect) to 19% (supportive care). Midwives’ perceived PCMC was not significantly related to any socio-demographic characteristics. Respectful care, empathetic caregiving, prompt initiation of care, paying attention to women, psychosocial support, trust, and altruism enhanced PCMC. In contrast, verbal and physical abuses were common but normalised. Midwives’ weakest components of autonomy and communication were low involvement of women in decision about their care and choice of birthing position. Supportive care was constrained by restrictive policy on birth companion, poor working conditions, and cost of childbirth care.ConclusionPCMC is inadequate in public hospitals as seen from midwives’ perspectives. Demographic characteristics of midwives do not seem to play a significant role in midwives’ delivery of PCMC. The study identified areas where midwives must build competencies to deliver PCMC.
Sociodemographic, lifestyle, behavioral, and parental factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in children in China
Authors: Guo Haijun , Phung Dung , Chu Cordia 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Evidence shows sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in children. Investigating the influential profiles, which have been examined insufficiently, will help to inform the reduction of SSB consumption. The present research examines the current trend in SSB consumption and associated factors among children in China, in order to inform policy development.

Methods
Secondary data was extracted from China’s Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS; 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011), a repeated cross-sectional research, and a Chi-squared test was applied to compare SSB consumption in the last year, queried by social demographical, `environmental, behavioral, and parental factors. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to examine the trend and effects of the multiple factors.

Results
A total of 6015 Chinese children aged 6–17 years were investigated. From 2004 to 2011, the percentage of SSB consumption in children increased from 72.6% to 90.3%. The prevalence in urban areas was higher than the prevalence in rural areas, higher in high schools than primary and middle schools, higher in east coast affluent provinces than other provinces, and higher in high-income households than low-income households. Other associated factors include children’s fast food and salty snacks preference, level of physical activity, sedentariness, and parental education. The strongest association with SSB consumption in children was the mother’s SSB consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 5.54, 95% CI: 3.17–9.67).

Conclusion
Children’s SSB consumption has increased significantly in China, and is associated with socio-economic, demographic, level of physical activity, food preference, and parental factors. Future strategies aimed at reducing SSB consumption among children need to consider these factors.
Sleep quality and associated factors among adult patients with epilepsy attending follow-up care at referral hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Simie Tsega Sintayehu , Yazew Birhaneselassie Gebeyehu , Mekonnen Kennean 
Published: December 2021

Background
Globally, epilepsy is the commonest neurological disorder in adults. It has significant health and economic consequences to the affected individuals and the family. There is ample evidence that epileptic patients are at increased risk of poor sleep quality than the general population. However, there is limited evidence on sleep quality among epileptic patients and associated factors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors among adult patients with epilepsy.

Method
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult epileptic patients attending follow-up care at referral hospitals in the Amhara region. A total of 575 epileptic patients were recruited using a stratified systematic random sampling technique. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and record review were used for data collection. To assess sleep quality the pretested Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) tool was used. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with poor sleep quality. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were considered for the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and was adequate (p>0.05). Multicollinearity of the independent variables was assessed using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the mean VIF was less than 10.

Results
A total of 565 participants were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 98.3%. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among adult epileptic patients was 68.8% [95% CI: 64.8%, 72.5%]. In the multivariable binary logistic regression, being unable to read and write [AOR = 3.16, 95%CI: 1.53, 6.51], taking polytherapy treatment [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.21], poor medication adherence [AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.02, 6.23] and having poor support [AOR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.82] and moderate social support [AOR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.05, 3.41] were significantly associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality.

Conclusion and recommendation
Poor sleep quality is a major public health concern in Ethiopia. The patient’s level of education, number of medication use, medication adherence, and social support were found significant predictors of poor sleep quality. These findings highlight improving medication adherence and social support are effective strategies to improve the sleep quality of epileptic patients. Besides, it is better to give special emphasis to those epileptic patients with a low level of education and taking polytherapy to enhance sleep quality.
Erika MARTÍNEZ (ed.). Materia frágil. Poéticas para el siglo XXI en América Latina y España. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2020.
Authors: Soro Cuesta Esther 
Published: December 2021

Reseña de Esther Soro sobre Materia frágil. Poéticas para el siglo XXI en América Latina y España. (Iberoamericana, 2020) de Erika Martínez. 343 p. ISBN: 978-84-9192-127-1.
KARAKTERISTIK KALSIUM DARI TULANG IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) YANG DIEKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN HCl
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Rohmeita Diandela , Legowo Anang M 
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Tulang ikan bandeng merupakan limbah dari industri perikanan yang belum bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik serta berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Tulang ikan bandeng mengandung mineral yang tinggi, terutama mineral kalsium. Kandungan kalsium yang tinggi dalam tulang ikan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kalsium alternatif. Namun untuk melepaskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen diperlukan perlakuan khusus. Perlakuan yang dapat dilakukan adalah perendaman dengan HCl disertai suhu yang tinggi. Ekstraksi dengan HCl mampu memutuskan ikatan kalsium dan kolagen serta meningkatkan ketersediaan kalsium dalam produk yang dihasilkan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar air, rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, kadar kalsium serta derajat putih kalsium dari tulang ikan bandeng yang diekstraksi dengan konsentrasi larutan HCl yang berbeda.Metode: Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Percobaan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan berupa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda pada suhu 85° C yang meliputi T1(0,5N), T2 (1N), T3 (1,5N), dan T4 (2N). Analisis data yang digunakan merupakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) pada taraf signifikansi 0,05 yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata.Hasil: Hasik penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap rendemen, kelarutan dalam asam dan air, serta derajat putih, sedangkan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air. Kadar kalsium produk turun seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi HCl.Simpulan: Perlakuan ekstraksi kalsium dengan konsentrasi HCl 0,5 N memberikan hasil terbaik dengan rendemen dan kadar kalsium tertinggi, derajat putih yang tinggi, kadar air yang rendah serta kelarutan dalam asam dan air yang baik. Kata kunci: Kalsium, HCl. Tulang Ikan, Ikan Bandeng
HUBUNGAN DISFAGIA DENGAN MALNUTRISI PADA LANJUT USIA : STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Safira Nur Laila , Probosari Enny , Candra Aryu , Ayustaningwarno Fitriyono , Rahadiyanti Ayu 
Published: December 2021

Background: Dysphagia can lead to a decrease in nutritional status and increased risk of malnutrition in the elderly. The incidence of dysphagia often undetected, especially among the elderly in the community, causes the prevalence of the elderly at risk of dysphagia in the elderly to increase.Objective: The aims of this literature study was to review the latest research related to dysphagia with malnutriton in the elderly. Method: The search for 2011 – 2021 English-language articles was carried out on the PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and ResearchGate databases using the keyword Dysphagia AND (Nutritional Status OR Malnutrition) AND Elderly and it was found that 16 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, including articles with elderly subjects aged ≥65 years in the community, a minimum sample of 50 respondents, a cross sectional and prospective cohort study, analyzed the relationship between variables, and data collection using valid instruments by a trained people.Result: Dysphagia independently had a significant relationship with nutritional status in elderly, could reduce oral food intake and lead to decrease in nutritional status due to nutrient deficiency. It was known that differences in instruments, characteristics and number of samples as well as the timing of malnutrition can affect the relationship between variables. Other factors such as teeth condition, body composition and tongue pressure might also be associated with dysphagia and malnutrition. Conclusion: The existence of a relationship between the two variables found in most of the studies indicates that dysphagia is an important factor that can lead to malnutrition in elderlyKeywords: Elderly; Dysphagia; Malnutrition
BODYTUNE: Multi Auscultation Device – Personal Health Parameter Monitoring at Home
Authors: Salvi Rutuja , Fuentealba Patricio , Henze Jasmin , Burmann Anja , Spiller Moritz , Hellwig Stefan , Faldemolaei Niki , Boese Axel , Illanes Alfredo , Friebe Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Auscultation methods allow the non-invasive diagnosis of pathological conditions (e.g., of the lung, heart or blood vessels) based on sounds that the body produces (e.g., breathing, heartbeat, swallowing or the blood flow). Through regular homebased examinations and Big Data combined with Machine learning techniques like Deep Learning, these could help detect diseases in an early stage, thus preventing serious health conditions and subsequently ensuring optimal therapy through continuous monitoring. This paper presents BODYTUNE, a novel inexpensive multi-auscultation system that aims at providing a tool for establishing a baseline of audio signal derived classification parameters that could be used for the self-monitoring of personal health for everybody through the analysis of deviations from that baseline. In the future, Big Data analysis could additionally lead to prediction and early detection of disease events.
Micro-Physiological-Systems enable investigation of hypoxia induced pathological processes in human aortic valve cells and tissues
Authors: Winkelkotte Maximilian , Schmieder Florian , Behrens Stephan , Salminger Dominic , Jannasch Anett , Matschke Klaus , Tugtekin Sems- Malte , Sonntag Frank , Dittfeld Claudia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aortic valve (AV) stenosis is characterized by tissue fibrosis and calcification. Fibrous thickening can result in reduced tissue oxygen supply leading to pathological valvular interstitial cell (VIC) differentiation and calcification. Static 2D VIC cultures and animal models are limited in the ability to reflect human AV calcification. Culturing of VICs in micro-physiological-systems (MPS) in a pulsatile flow and the establishment of a modular AV tissue incubation chamber (TIC) are new approaches to evaluate pathophysiological processes of AV disease. Therefore, a MPS able to adjust hypoxic conditions was applied for VIC culture. A significant increase of mRNA-expression of EGLN1 and HIF1α- regulated LDHA and HIF1α nuclear localisation were proven under hypoxia. AV tissue culture was established within a TIC and viability was monitored by Resazurin-reduction in the incubation medium and visualized by LDH-activity in tissue cryosections. Viability was compared between fluid and static incubated tissues revealing an advantageous effect of the fluidic assay condition. Consecutively, the application of MPS in AV research allows i) the investigation of VIC cultures with efficient oxygen regulation and ii) the culture of porcine or human AV tissues preserving viability and specifically reflecting in vivo parameters. These methods open up new possibilities beyond static 2D culture and facilitate a reduction of animal experiments in AV research.
A method for image-guided positioning of cochlear specimens in insertion test benches using 3D printed stands
Authors: Rau Thomas S. , Cramer Jakob , Zuniga M. Geraldine , Böttcher Georg , Lenarz Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cochlear implants include an electrode array (EA) which needs to be inserted into the cochlea. Insertion tests using artificial cochlear models (ACM) or ex vivo specimens are widely used methods during EA development to characterize EA design properties, including insertion forces. Measured forces are directly linked to the orientation of the cochlear lumen with respect to the insertion axis of the test bench. While desired insertion directions in ACM experiments can be predefined by design, specimens are individually shaped and the cochlear lumen is embedded invisibly. Therefore, a new method for accurate, individual specimen positioning is required. A key element of the proposed method is a customizable pose setting adapter (PSA) used to adjust the specimen’s fine positioning. After rigid fixation of the specimen to a holder featuring spherical registration markers and subsequent cone beam computed tomography the desired insertion direction is planned. The planned data is used to calculate the individual shape of the PSA. Finally, the PSA is 3D printed and mounted between force sensor and specimen holder to correctly align the specimen to the test bench’s insertion axis. All necessary hard- and software have been developed including the specimen holder, a software for registration and trajectory planning, and a custom Matlab script whose output drives a parametric CAD file of the PSA. Positioning accuracy was determined in a first trial using 10 virtual trajectories and was found to be 0.23 ± 0.12 mm and 0.38 ± 0.17°. The presented stereotactic positioning procedure enables high repeatability in future ex vivo insertion experiments due to accurate, image-guided control of the insertion direction.
Hybrid handheld gamma-ultrasound prototype for radioguided surgery: initial results
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Fomanka Lauretta Nana , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have witnessed impressive advances in preoperative imaging of cancer and the development of dualmodality scanners. However, there is a need for a scanner with functional and anatomical imaging capability suitable for surgical settings and radioguided surgery. The current paper introduces a handheld gamma-ultrasound scanner prototype and illustrates the initial result of testing its very first version. The result of the testing was promising and encouraging in continuing the further development of the prototype.
Balanced Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross- Validation for Microsleep Classification
Authors: Pauli Martin Patrick , Pohl Constantin , Golz Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inter-individual differences in the feature distribution of electroencephalograms (EEG) during microsleep (MS) raise questions about the generalizability of the methodology, because methodology should have the same validity for subjects to be included in the analysis in the future as for subjects included so far. We address this question using leave-one-subject- out cross-validation (LOSO CV) to simulate inclusion of test data from future subjects. Investigations are based on EEG of 70 subjects across four studies conducted in our driving simulation lab. 9,297 MS and 10,264 counter-examples of sustained attention (SA) were included in the analysis. Three variants of sample balancing are compared: (1) none, (2) overall balancing, and (3) between-subjects balancing. Resulting classification accuracies range from 80% to 100% for 67 subjects, but for 3 subjects they are at 66.5%, 73.1%, 78.3%. Averaged across subjects, accuracies were (1) 90.2%, (2) 90.2% and (3) 89.1%. Thus, balancing might not be essential if LOSO CV is performed over a sufficiently large number of subjects. Results of standard CV must be regarded as optimistically biased.
The Digital Twin: Modular Model-Based Approach to Personalized Medicine
Authors: Gaebel Jan , Keller Johannes , Schneider Daniel , Lindenmeyer Adrian , Neumuth Thomas , Franke Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To overcome obstacles and complexity of decision making in clinical oncology, we propose an integrated clinical decision support approach; the Digital Twin. We analyse the reasons for frustration in applying clinical decision support and provide a multi-levelled approach to implementing a flexible system to support and strengthen clinical decisions. Describing medical patterns and contexts with Resource Description Framework (RDF) allows for standardised way of connecting medical knowledge and processing modules. Having flexible web-based interfaces integrated a multitude of heterogeneous data processing systems to either make clinical data available altogether, or provide calculations and assessments. Transition of the Digital Twin to clinical practice promises effective assistance and safer clinical decisions.
Generating adversarial images to monitor the training state of a CNN model
Authors: Ding Ning , Möller Knut 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deep neural networks have shown effectiveness in many applications, however, in regulated applications like automotive or medicine, quality guarantees are required. Thus, it is important to understand the robustness of the solutions to perturbations in the input space. In order to identify the vulnerability of a trained classification model and evaluate the effect of different perturbations in the input on the output class, two different methods to generate adversarial examples were implemented. The adversarial images created were developed into a robustness index to monitor the training state and safety of a convolutional neural network model. In the future work, some generated adversarial images will be included into the training phase to improve the model robustness.
Development and verification of a test rig for inactivation of bacteria and (corona-) viruses by UVC air disinfection systems
Authors: Knaus Johannes , Vatter Petra , Hessling Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic spreads through airborne transmission and is therefore difficult to contain. However, coronaviruses are highly sensitive to UVC, so UVC air disinfection systems should be able to inactivate the virus. Unfortunately, so far there are only few possibilities to test the reduction of airborne viruses or other pathogens. A special test rig, which mainly consisted of a nebulizer and an airflow system, was developed to determine the antiviral and antibacterial efficiency of UVC air disinfection systems. In the assessment of such an UVC air disinfection system with nebulized Staphylococcus carnosus and a sampling period of 30 minutes, a mean bactericidal reduction of 3.70 log10 (99.98 %) was determined. For antiviral irradiation of the coronavirus surrogate phi6 a mean viral load reduction of 1.18 log10 (93.40 %) was observed after a sampling period of 10 minutes. Therefore, mobile UVC air disinfection systems could be applied in hospitals, retirement and nursing homes.