bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Association of Microfractures for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Affect the Outcome Following Arthroscopic Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability?
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Borgo Enrico , Macchi Vittorio , Ventura Alberto 
Published: March 2021

Background
The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively compare the outcomes of patients who underwent arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage with those who underwent both arthroscopic thermal capsular shrinkage and arthroscopic osteochondral lesion (OCL) treatment with microfractures. Our hypothesis was that the simultaneous treatment does not negatively affect the outcome of the combined surgical procedure by influencing the postoperative rehabilitation protocol and does not significantly differ from capsular shrinkage alone in terms of subjective and objective outcomes.

Methods
Seventy-six patients with chronic ankle instability were treated at our department from 2004 to 2012 and reviewed retrospectively. Forty-two patients underwent arthroscopic thermal-assisted capsular shrinkage (group A), and 34 patients underwent combined arthroscopic capsular shrinkage and microfractures for OCL lesions of the talus (group B). All patients underwent a four-step surgical procedure including synovectomy, debridement, capsular shrinkage, and bracing and nonweightbearing for 21 days. In patients with OCL lesions, microfractures of the OCL were associated. Clinical assessment included objective examination, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot scoring system, Karlsson-Peterson score, Tegner activity level, and Sefton articular stability scale.

Results
The median follow-up was 6 years (range, 2–9 years). The median postoperative visual analogue scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, and Tegner score were improved from the preoperative level for both groups (P < .001). No significant difference was found between the two groups for the subjective scores and satisfaction rate (P = not significant). Similarly, no significant difference regarding the incidence of range-of-motion restriction was reported between the two groups (P = not significant).

Conclusions
The association of microfractures for the treatment of osteochondral lesions does not affect the outcome following arthroscopic treatment for chronic ankle instability up to 6 years from surgery.
Determining insulin sensitivity from glucose tolerance tests in Iberian and landrace pigs
Authors: Rodríguez-López José Miguel , Lachica Manuel , González-Valero Lucrecia , Fernández-Fígares Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

As insulin sensitivity may help to explain divergences in growth and body composition between native and modern breeds, metabolic responses to glucose infusion were measured using an intra-arterial glucose tolerance test (IAGTT). Iberian (n = 4) and Landrace (n = 5) barrows (47.0 ± 1.2 kg body weight (BW)), fitted with a permanent carotid artery catheter were injected with glucose (500 mg/kg BW) and blood samples collected at -10, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min following glucose infusion. Plasma samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lactate, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin and urea. Insulin sensitivity indices were calculated and analysed. Mean plasma glucose, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in Iberian (14, 68 and 22%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs during the IAGTT. However, mean plasma insulin, lactate, triglycerides and urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in Iberian (50, 35, 18 and 23%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs. Iberian pigs had larger area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (P < 0.05) or tended to a greater AUC of lactate (P < 0.10), and a smaller (P < 0.05) AUC for glucose 0-60 min compared with Landrace pigs. Indices for estimating insulin sensitivity in fasting conditions indicated improved β-cell function in Iberian compared with Landrace pigs, but no difference (P > 0.10) in calculated insulin sensitivity index was found after IAGTT between breeds. A time response (P < 0.05) was obtained for insulin, glucose and lactate so that maximum concentration was achieved at 10 and 15 min post-infusion for insulin (Iberian and Landrace pigs, respectively), immediately post-infusion for glucose, and 20 min post-infusion for lactate, decreasing thereafter until basal levels. There was no time effect for the rest of metabolites evaluated. In conclusion, growing Iberian pigs challenged with an IAGTT showed changes in biochemical parameters and insulin response that may indicate an early stage of insulin resistance.
When ecological marginality is not geographically peripheral: exploring genetic predictions of the centre-periphery hypothesis in the endemic plantLilium pomponium
Authors: Casazza Gabriele , Macrì Carmelo , Dagnino Davide , Guerrina Maria , Juin Marianick , Minuto Luigi , Thompson John D. , Baumel Alex , Médail Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundQuantifying variation of genetic traits over the geographical range of species is crucial for understanding the factors driving their range dynamics. The center-periphery hypothesis postulates, and many studies support, the idea that genetic diversity decreases and genetic differentiation increases toward the geographical periphery due to population isolation. The effects of environmental marginality on genetic variation has however received much less attention.MethodsWe tested the concordance between geographical and environmental gradients and the genetic predictions of center-periphery hypothesis for endemicLilium pomponiumin the southern Alps.ResultsWe found little evidence for concordance between genetic variation and both geographical and environmental gradients. Although the prediction of increased differentiation at range limits is met, genetic diversity does not decrease towards the geographical periphery. Increased differentiation among peripheral populations, that are not ecologically marginal, may be explained by a decrease in habitat availability that reduces population connectivity. In contrast, a decrease of genetic diversity along environmental but not geographical gradients may be due to the presence of low quality habitats in the different parts of the range of a species that reduce effective population size or increase environmental constraints. As a result, environmental factors may affect population dynamics irrespective of distance from the geographical center of the range. In such situations of discordance between geographical and environmental gradients, the predictions of decreasing genetic diversity and increasing differentiation toward the geographical periphery may not be respected.
LncRNA‐ZXF1 stabilizes P21 expression in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma by inhibiting ubiquitination‐mediated degradation and regulating the miR‐378a‐3p/PCDHA3 axis
Authors: Kong Deshui , Hou Yixin , Li Wenzhi , Ma Xiaohong , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a profound effect on biological processes in various malignancies. However, few studies have investigated their functions and specific mechanisms in endometrial cancer. In this study, we focused on the role and mechanism of lncRNA‐ZXF1 in endometrial cancer. Bioinformatics and in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to explore the expression and function of lncRNA‐ZXF1. We found that lncRNA‐ZXF1 altered the migration and invasion of endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that lncRNA‐ZXF1 regulates EEC cell proliferation. This regulation may be achieved by the lncRNA‐ZXF1‐mediated alteration in the expression of P21 through two mechanisms. One is that lncRNA‐ZXF1 functions as a molecular sponge of miR‐378a‐3p to regulate PCDHA3 expression and then modulate the expression of P21. The other is that lncRNA‐ZXF1 inhibits CDC20‐mediated degradation of ubiquitination by directly binding to P21. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore lncRNA‐ZXF1 functioning as a tumor‐suppressing lncRNA in EEC. LncRNA‐ZXF1 may become therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic indicator in the future.
Multivalent Polyanionic 2D Nanosheets Functionalized Nanofibrous Stem Cell‐based Neural Scaffolds
Authors: Xia Yi , Yang Hua , Li Shuang , Zhou Suqiong , Wang Liyun , Tang Yuanjiao , Cheng Chong , Haag Rainer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBecause developed neural cells are no longer regenerative and proliferative, achieving neural regenerations by using induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells) for nerve diseases have recently attracted much attention. Since the IPS cells’ growth and differentiation can be manipulated by different physical and chemicals cues, scaffolds combining the beneficial nanostructures and extracellular matrix may become an ideal interface to promote IPS cells’ neural differentiation. In this work, a biocompatible and multivalent polyanion, hyperbranched polyglycerol sulfate, is used to modify the graphene oxide to obtain bio‐adhesive 2D nanosheets. After coating electrospinning nanofibers, the 2D nanosheets‐functionalized nanofibrous scaffolds are applied to mediate the proliferation, lineage specification, and neural differentiation of IPS cells. The results suggest that the modified scaffolds can improve the adhesion and proliferation of IPS cells combined with high efficiency in maintaining their stemness. During the neural differentiation process, the scaffolds can promote neural differentiation and their maturity, meanwhile decreasing the lineage specification toward astrocyte. Overall, this study not only provides new multivalent/bio‐adhesive nanofibrous scaffolds that integrate the chemical and physical cues to facilitate the targeted neural differentiation of IPS cells but also presents a novel pathway for the fabrication of carbon nanomaterials‐based biocomposites in regenerative therapies.
A Paper‐Based Wearable Photodetector for Simultaneous UV Intensity and Dosage Measurement
Authors: Cai Sa , Zuo Chaolei , Zhang Jiayu , Liu Hui , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotodetectors, which convert the light signal into other forms of signal, have been under the spotlight of research for many years because they are widely applied in monitoring, communication, and imaging. Most of the currently available photodetectors can output electrical signals to indicate the transient light intensity, while some display color change to reveal the absorbed light dosage. However, there is no device that can tell the transient light intensity and accumulated light dosage at the same time. Here, a paper‐based wearable photodetector that can simultaneously measure transient light intensity and accumulated light dosage is reported. The phosphomolybdic acid/citric acid system, whose color change can be observed by the naked eye, is designed as the photochromic material to combine with photodetective materials (using 2D Sr2Nb3O10 and ZnO nanoparticle as examples) on paper. Such paper‐based photodetector fully utilizes natural hygroscopicity and softness of paper, showing decent flexibility. Its optoelectronic signal remains stable even after 1000 cycles of bending. To the best of one's knowledge, this is the first photodetector that can tell light intensity and dosage simultaneously. This work introduces a new type of wearable photodetector by structure design and material selection, shedding light on more novel works for convenient and practical photodetection.
A Fluorescent Metal–Organic Framework for Food Real‐Time Visual Monitoring
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Daquan , Ye Yingxiang , Qiu Yu , Liu Jiawei , Huang Liang , Liang Bin , Chen Banglin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to increasing food‐safety issues, exploiting efficient approaches for food quality assessment and instrumentation has attracted concerns worldwide. Herein, a smart evaluation system based on a fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) is developed for real‐time visual monitoring of food freshness. Via post‐synthetic modification, a ratiometric fluorescent MOF probe is constructed by covalently coupling fluorescein 5‐isothiocyanate (5‐FITC) with NH2‐rich lanthanide MOF. The probes exhibit a dual‐emissive‐responsive to biogenic amine, resulting in an increase in FITC emission along with a decrease in Eu3+ emission accompanied by a clear distinguishable color transition from orange red to green. After doping the probes on a flexible substrate, the obtained MOF composite film can be integrated with a smartphone‐based portable platform easily. It is proved that this smart evaluation system can be used for on‐site inspection of the freshness of raw fish samples. This work develops a fluorescent MOF‐based smart evaluation system as a novel platform for application in food monitoring, which not only has enormous economic value but also holds great public health significance.
Elucidating the Role of Ion Migration and Band Bending in Perovskite Solar Cell Function at Grain Boundaries via Multimodal Nanoscale Mapping
Authors: Qiu Haian , Mativetsky Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have achieved extraordinary improvements over the past few years, questions remain about the role of grain boundaries. This article reports on the nanoscale point‐by‐point current–voltage mapping of photovoltaic characteristics in inverted methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells. These measurements reveal an increased open‐circuit voltage and shunt resistance, along with a suppressed short‐circuit photocurrent at grain boundaries and nearby regions. Support from nanoscale ionic strain and surface potential mapping suggests that local ion accumulation and downward band bending can facilitate charge separation, but hinder charge collection at grain boundaries.
Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Polyacrylonitrile/Ag Aerogels for the High Efficient Oil/Water Separation and Sensitive Detection of Low‐Concentration Oily Sudan Dyes
Authors: Li Manman , Deng Linghan , Tan Yong , Qi Kai , Tian Xingyu , Yu Jiacheng , Qin Chuanxiang , Cheng Si 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe detection of low‐concentration oily pollutants, especially when in oil/water mixtures or real food matrix, still faces great challenges. Integrating adsorption and plasmonic hot‐spot on single material will be an efficient method for ultra‐sensitively detecting oily dyes or contaminants in oil/water mixtures via surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. Herein, the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Ag aerogels which can quickly absorb and detect low‐concentration oily dyes in oil/water mixtures are successfully fabricated. In order to solve the contradiction that abundant hydrophilic‐Ag nanoparticles are adverse to the superhydrophobicity of substrate but in favor of Raman signals, the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic PAN/Ag aerogels are prepared through two steps: substrate‐seeding and secondary‐growth. The lowest detection concentration of 10−12 m for oil‐soluble Sudan III in oil/water mixtures is achieved by using PAN/overgrown Ag (PAN/O‐Ag) nanofibrous aerogels as absorbent, which is superior to most of reported materials. Moreover, a detection limit of 0.1 ppm of Sudan III spiked in chilli powder is obtained using PAN/O‐Ag aerogels.
CsPbBr3 QDs Modified Vertically Layered MoS2/Si Heterojunction for Fast UV–vis–NIR Spectrum Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Guo Linjuan , Gu Yansong , Yang Zheng , Tian Shuo , San Xingyuan , Liu Jihong , Gao Linjie , Qiao Shuang , Wang Shufang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) modified vertically layered MoS2/Si (V‐MoS2/Si) heterojunction is successfully prepared. It is found that the resulting photodetector realizes the UV–vis–NIR broad‐spectrum detection with good sensitivity and fast photoresponse speed. Typically, the responsivity and response/recovery time towards 808 nm reach up to 0.975 A W−1 and 6.8/6.7 ms, respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that with the modification of CsPbBr3 QDs, the responsivities of the pure V‐MoS2/Si‐based photodetector for 532, 671, and 808 nm detection are boosted by 5.43, 2, and 5.45 times, respectively. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the vis–NIR light harvesting capability and excellent electrical transporting property of the CsPbBr3 QDs. Most importantly, the flexibility can be applied to the wearable devices for various working environments. The present work pushes the development of the flexible devices for broadband spectrum detection faced to practical application.
Close to Real: Large‐Volume 3D Cell Spheroids on a Superamphiphobic Surface
Authors: Yu Yanjia , Dai Mohan , Xu Wei , Chen Shuangshuang , Lu Qinghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract3D cell spheroids with native cell‐to‐cell junctions and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions can recapitulate the comprehensive physiological environments in vivo, providing new platforms for preclinical drug screening. However, the applications of 3D cell spheroids are limited by the unmatched size, deficient cell abundance, and short service time. In this work, a novel upward culture method on a porous silica superamphiphobic biointerface (SABI) is developed to fully overcome these technical hurdles. Cell suspensions maintain in a state of aquatic marble, accelerating cellular self‐aggregation. Contributing to the upward culture model, this strategy overcomes the shortages of size limitation and media refreshing in the classical methods. Herein, large‐volume 3D cell spheroids with the size of over 1500 µm can be efficiently established within 2 days and subsequently long‐term cultured for more than 20 days. For a close to real biomimetic microenvironment, breast tumor 3D spheroid is applied as a proof of concept, simultaneously employing MCF‐7 cell, cancer‐associated fibroblast (clone 8), and vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC). The large‐volume tumor spheroid with close‐to‐real microenvironment services as a unique paradigm for all‐in‐one biological relevant researches, including the capacity of in situ observation, long‐term incubation, drug screening, and recyclability.
Microengineered 3D Collagen Gels with Independently Tunable Fiber Anisotropy and Directionality
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Joshi Indranil M. , Larson Stephen , Mansouri Mehran , Gholizadeh Shayan , Allahyari Zahra , Forouzandeh Farzad , Borkholder David A. , Gaborski Thomas R. , Abhyankar Vinay V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCellular processes are linked to the alignment (anisotropy) and orientation (directionality) of collagen fibers (i.e., landscape) in the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Given the vital role that cell‐matrix interactions play in regulating biological functions, several microfluidic methods have successfully established anisotropic 3D collagen gels to develop quantitative relationships between structural cues and cellular responses. However, independently tailoring the fiber anisotropy and fiber directionality within a landscape remains a challenge. Here, a user‐friendly microfluidic platform with a non‐uniform channel geometry is used to control the degree of fiber anisotropy and directionality as a function of extensional strain rate and a defined flow path, respectively. New experimental capabilities, including independent control over the degree of fiber anisotropy and directionality, spatial gradients in anisotropy, and multi‐material interfaces, are demonstrated. A channel peel‐off technique provides direct access to the microengineered collagen landscapes, and the alignment of single MD‐MB‐231 cancer cells and monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is shown. Finally, the platform's modular capability is highlighted by integrating an ultrathin porous Parylene (UPP) membrane onto the microengineered collagen landscape as a method to control the degree of cell‐matrix interaction.
Organic Ammonium Halide Modulators as Effective Strategy for Enhanced Perovskite Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Akin Seckin , Dong Bitao , Pfeifer Lukas , Liu Yuhang , Graetzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite rapid improvements in efficiency, long‐term stability remains a challenge limiting the future up‐scaling of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although several approaches have been developed to improve the stability of PSCs, applying ammonium passivation materials in bilayer configuration PSCs has drawn intensive research interest due to the potential of simultaneously improving long‐term stability and boosting power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review focuses on the recent advances of improving n‐i‐p PSCs photovoltaic performance by employing ammonium halide‐based molecular modulators. The first section briefly summarizes the challenges of perovskite materials by introducing the degradation mechanisms associated with the hygroscopic nature and ion migration issues. Then, recent reports regarding the roles of overlayers formed from ammonium‐based passivation agents are discussed on the basis of ligand and halide effects. This includes both the formation of 2D perovskite films as well as purely organic passivating layers. Finally, the last section provides future perspectives on the use of organic ammonium halides within bilayer‐architecture PSCs to improve the photovoltaic performances. Overall, this review provides a roadmap on current demands and future research directions of molecular modulators to address the critical limitations of PSCs, to mitigate the major barriers on the pathway toward future up‐scaling applications.
Outdoor‐Useable, Wireless/Battery‐Free Patch‐Type Tissue Oximeter with Radiative Cooling
Authors: Kang Min Hyung , Lee Gil Ju , Lee Joong Hoon , Kim Min Seok , Yan Zheng , Jeong Jae‐Woong , Jang Kyung‐In , Song Young Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor wearable electronics/optoelectronics, thermal management should be provided for accurate signal acquisition as well as thermal comfort. However, outdoor solar energy gain has restricted the efficiency of some wearable devices like oximeters. Herein, wireless/battery‐free and thermally regulated patch‐type tissue oximeter (PTO) with radiative cooling structures are presented, which can measure tissue oxygenation under sunlight in reliable manner and will benefit athlete training. To maximize the radiative cooling performance, a nano/microvoids polymer (NMVP) is introduced by combining two perforated polymers to both reduce sunlight absorption and maximize thermal radiation. The optimized NMVP exhibits sub‐ambient cooling of 6 °C in daytime under various conditions such as scattered/overcast clouds, high humidity, and clear weather. The NMVP‐integrated PTO enables maintaining temperature within ≈1 °C on the skin under sunlight relative to indoor measurement, whereas the normally used, black encapsulated PTO shows over 40 °C owing to solar absorption. The heated PTO exhibits an inaccurate tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) value of ≈67% compared with StO2 in a normal state (i.e., ≈80%). However, the thermally protected PTO presents reliable StO2 of ≈80%. This successful demonstration provides a feasible strategy of thermal management in wearable devices for outdoor applications.