bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Sustainable Wireless Track Recording Vehicle Strategy Towards Improving the Safety Standards
Authors: Chowdhry Bhawani Shankar , Shah Ali Akbar , Shaikh Zakir , Uqaili Muhammad Aslam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Transportation is an integral part of modern society as it enhances the function of mobility leading to an important measure of a society’s success. Different modes of transport are used worldwide such as cars, trucks, airplanes, and trains. As much as the other modes of transport have developed over the centuries, the use of rail transport is growing increasingly as well. Debate wise the International Energy Agency have discussed the advantages and the future of railway to be a promising one. The implementation the green technology is becoming more prominent in the marketplace. In response to the existing need of making green products that can serve the green market demands, NCRA CMS Lab MUET has developed a Track Recording Vehicle (TRV) prototype as a substitution to the prevailing Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) operated Track Recording Vehicles. As the traditional Track Recording Vehicles are just mere trains equipped with the Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) which consume gallons of fossil fuel to operate. The developed TRV is an initiation of upcoming trend of portable instrumented TRV that operates with the rechargeable battery and is capable enough to determine track faults like squats and turn out frogs more efficiently than the existing ICE based TRVs using accelerometer module ADXL335 and logistic regression. The developed instrument was validated on an actual railway track. The result shows that the developed instrument can be used to determine the serviceability of the railway track, thus this strategy helps in improving the safety Standards.
Herbivore Population Dynamics in Response to Plant Allocation Strategies
Authors: Ji Fang , Stieha Christopher R , Abbott Karen C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When herbivores feed, plants may respond by altering the quantity of edible biomass available to future feeders through mechanisms such as compensatory regrowth of edible structures or allocation of biomass to inedible reserves. Previous work showed that some forms of compensatory regrowth can drive insect outbreaks, but this work assumed regrowth occurred without any energetic cost to the plant. While this is a useful simplifying assumption for gaining preliminary insights, plants face an inherent trade-off between allocating energy to regrowth versus storage. Therefore, we cannot truly understand the role of compensatory regrowth in driving insect outbreaks without continuing on to more realistic scenarios. In this paper, we model the interaction between insect herbivores and plants that have a trade-off between compensatory regrowth and allocation to inedible reserves in response to herbivory. We found that the plant's allocation strategy, described in our model by parameters representing the strength of the overcompensatory response and the rates at which energy is stored and mobilized for growth, strongly affect whether herbivore outbreaks occur. Additional factors, such as the strength of food limitation and herbivore interference while feeding, influence the frequency of the outbreaks. Overall, we found a possible new role of overcompensation to promote herbivore fluctuations when it co-occurs with allocation to inedible reserves. We highlight the importance of considering trade-offs between tolerance mechanisms that plants use in response to herbivory by showing that new dynamics arise when different plant allocation strategies occur simultaneously.
ASL-Perfusion for Intrinsic Brain Tumor Diagnosis. Analysis of 253 Patients.
Authors: Batalov Artem , Zakharova Natal'ya , Pronin Igor' , Belyaev Artem , Pogosbekyan Eduard , Goryaynov Sergey , Bykanov Andrey , Tyurina Anastasiya , Shevchenko Alexander , Nikitin Pavel , Potapov Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of pseudo-continuous ASL-perfusion (pCASL-perfusion) in preoperative assessing of cerebral glioma grades.
Methods

The study group consisted of 253 patients aged 7 to 78 years with supratentorial gliomas (65 had low-grade gliomas (LGG), 188 – high-grade gliomas (HGG)). Maximal tumor blood flow (maxTBF) in small ROIs (20 mm2 ± 10 mm2) were evaluated by subsequently normalized tumor blood flow (nTBF) calculation which was compared with normal appearing white matter of center semiovale of the contralateral hemisphere.
Results

TBF and nTBF values were significantly differed in HGG and LGG groups, as well as grade II and grade III gliomas; grade III and grade IV gliomas (p < 0.001). ASL-perfusion has demonstrated both high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating LGG and HGG, grade II and grade III gliomas, but low sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing grade III and grade IV gliomas. We did not observe a significant difference in TBF in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.
Conclusion

Current results demonstrate that 3D pCASL-perfusion is an effective diagnostic tool for preoperative differentiation of low and high grade gliomas.
Outdoor recreation planning and management considering FROS and Carrying capacities: A case study of forest wetland in Yeongam-gum, South Korea
Authors: Yun Hee Jeong , Kang Dong Jin , Kang Youngeun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since demand for outdoor recreation in forests has been increasing, a structural planning framework for sustainable use while minimizing ecosystem degradation is needed. Utilizing the recreational opportunity spectrum (ROS) and carrying capacities (CC) have been long-standing tools in management outdoor recreation and tourism. Therefore, this study proposes using FROS (forest recreation outdoor system), LAC (limits of acceptable change), and CC for outdoor recreation in forest wetland in Youngam-gum, South Korea. An analysis of the spatial characteristics of the site—geological features, elevation, slope, viewshed, water system, forest age class, etc.—were carried out. Based on this analysis, an outdoor recreation planning and management framework was developed, including expert elicitation and a field survey of the site. This study found that (1) FROS classified the site as “rural developed” (zone 1), “rural natural” (zone 2), and “semi-primitive” (zone 3); (2) LAC considered spatial characteristics and tourism attractions network around the site by each zone; (3) and ecological CC (104.1–485.5 people per day), physical CC (130.9 ~ 445.1 people per day), and social CC (25 people for “PAOT,” or “persons at one time”) were proposed for sustainable management of the site. Compared to previous studies, this study has the novelty of suggesting an integrated outdoor recreation model for sustainable planning and management by introducing systematic zoning and coping with the changing environment. This result can be useful for policy-makers who are concerned with the outdoor recreation of forest wetland to conserve and utilize the site, and to prioritize suitable sites depending on the determining variables used in this study.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Trisomy 16 Mosaicism Pregnancies Detected by NIPT, A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Peng Haishan , Yang Jiexia , Wang Dongmei , Guo Fangfang , Hou Yaping , Yin Aihua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Trisomy 16 s often associated with a high risk of abnormal outcome. A retrospective analysis of 14 cases with T16 high risk in NIPT, and all had undergone prenatal diagnosis, including karyotype and CMA. NIPT had detected 11 of T16, 2 of T16 mosaisism, and 1of more Chr. 16. Prenatal diagnosis confirmed 5 true positive cases and 9 false positive cases. In the 5 true positive cases, 3 out of 5 cases had ultrasound abnormality. In the 9 false positive cases, all the pregnancies continued. All the pregnancies were born with low weight (<2.5kg) except case 7. There were two pregnancies with premature, which suggested that CPM 16 pregnancies may be at higher risk for preterm delivery. NIPT could serve as a fast and early prenatal screening to provide guidance for pregnancy and termination of pregnancy is medically safer when it is performed in the earlier pregnancy.
Bayesian validation of the seismic source models using the Wylfa Newydd site in the UK as a case study
Authors: Mosca Ilaria , Baptie Brian , Villani Manuela , Lubkowski Z. , Courtney T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, the development of the seismic source characterization, especially the geometry of the seismic source models (SSMs), is controversial because it often relies on expert judgment with different interpretations of the available data from seismology, tectonics, and geology. Based on the same input datasets, different teams of experts may derive different SSMs. In this context, the verification of the models through the comparison against a set of observations is a crucial step. We present a statistical tool to compare the SSMs with the observed seismicity and rank these SSMs based on their ability to replicate the past seismicity. We simulate many synthetic catalogues derived from candidate SSMs and compare them with the observed catalogue of mainshocks using the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm to select those that fit the observed catalogue. The candidate SSMs are then expressed by a probability density function (pdf) using the set of synthetic catalogues accepted by the Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm and the Bayesian inference. To help practitioners in earthquake and civil engineering understand how this tool works in practice, the proposed approach is applied to a proposed new nuclear site in the United Kingdom, Wylfa Newydd.
Rest Cardiac Power Predicts All-cause Death and Heart Failure Hospitalization in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Chen Jianqiao , Li Huiying , Hao Benchuan , Cai Yulun , Wang Shiqi , Liu Hongbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cardiac power as an integrated indicator of cardiac performance that incorporates both pressure and volume factors. It has been studied in patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and in the present study we aimed to explore its significance and role in predicting adverse outcome in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2089 community-dwelling patients with HFpEF and without significant valve diseases or right ventricular dysfunction. We normalized cardiac power to LV mass and expressed it in W/100 g of LV myocardium. Univariate analysis with log-rank test and multivariate analysis with Cox regression model were used to evaluate the association between rest cardiac power/mass and all-cause death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Results: After a median follow-up of 4.4 (0.5–10.1) years, 331 (15.84%) experienced all-cause death and 391 (18.72%) experienced HF hospitalization. Patients with the lower rest power/mass were older and had higher New York Heart Association class, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and more comorbidities. After adjusting for multiple covariates, rest power/mass ≤0.7 W/m2 was independently associated with all-cause death and HF hospitalization, with the hazard ratio (HR) of 1.753 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.394–2.203, P<0.001] and 1.266 (95% CI 1.033–1.551, P=0.023), respectively. The C statistic increased significantly when the rest cardiac power/mass were incorporated into a model with established risk factors. For all-cause death, the continuous net reclassification index (NRI) after adding rest cardiac power/mass in the model with established risk factors and NT-proBNP was 17.0% (95% CI 11.4–28.3, P=0.04), and the integrated discrimination index (IDI) was 2.3% (95% CI 0.7–8.7, P=0.02); for HF hospitalization, the corresponding continuous NRI and IDI were 6.0% (95% CI 4.7–15.2, P=0.026) and 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–4.3, P=0.007), respectively.Conclusion: Rest cardiac power by non-invasive echocardiography is independently associated with risks of adverse outcomes in patients with HFpEF and provides incremental prognostic information.
Neutral Non-Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on an Electrochemically Deposited Pt/Au Nano-Alloy Electrode
Authors: Lin Fang-Yu , Chu Tien-Fu , Peng Chang-I , Wang Gou-Jen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A non-enzymatic glucose detection electrode that can operate in a neutral environment is a key technology for continuous glucose sensing. In this study, semiconductor micro-electromechanical manufacturing processes, precision micro-molding, hot embossing, and electrochemical deposition are integrated to fabricate Pt/Au nano-alloy electrodes for the enzyme-free detection of glucose in a neutral environment. The sensitivity of the proposed neutral enzyme-free glucose sensing scheme is measured to be 2.82 µA mM− 1 cm− 2 with a linear range of 1.39–13.9 mM and a detection limit of 0.482 mM. Further investigations in human serum confirmed the feasibility of the proposed Pt/Au nano alloy electrode in clinical application. This novel glucose biosensor possesses the advantages of technology foresight, good detection performance, and high feasibility of mass production.
Mobile Low-Dose Computed Tomographic (LDCT) Scanning combined with Remote Reading: a feasible approach to lung cancer screening among rural population
Authors: Chen Bojiang , Shao Jun , Xian Jinghong , Ren Pengwei , Luo Wenxin , Dai Shuiping , Ji Guiyi , Song Juan , Zhou Yaojie , Yang Lan , Wang Weiwen , Gan Yuncui , Dai Sisi , Hu Dan , Zhu Chengxing , Jiang Zhongyuan , Wang Mengjun , Chen Lei , Liu Dan , li weimin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLow-dose computed tomographic (LDCT) screening has been proven to be powerful in detecting lung cancers in early stage. However, it’s hard to carry out in less-developed regions in lacking of facilities and professionals. The feasibility and efficacy of mobile LDCT scanning combined with remote reading by experienced radiologists from superior hospital for lung cancer screening in deprived areas was explored in this study.MethodsA prospective cohort was conducted in rural areas of western China. Residents over 40 years old were invited for lung cancer screening by mobile LDCT scanning combined with remote image reading or local hospital-based LDCT screening. Rates of positive pulmonary nodules and detected lung cancers in the baseline were compared between the two groups.ResultsAmong 8073 candidates with preliminary response, 7251 eligibilities were assigned to the mobile LDCT with remote reading (n = 4527) and local hospital-based LDCT screening (n = 2724) for lung cancer. Basic characteristics of the subjects were almost similar in the two cohorts except that the mean age of participants in mobile group was relatively older than control (61.18 vs. 59.84 years old, P < 0.001). 1778 participants with mobile LDCT scans with remote reading (39.3%) revealed 2570 pulmonary nodules or mass, and 352 subjects in the control group (13.0%) were detected 472 ones (P < 0.001). Proportions of nodules less than 8 mm or subsolid were both more frequent in the mobile LDCT group (83.3% vs. 76.1%, 32.9% vs. 29.8%, respectively; both P < 0.05). In the baseline screening, 26 cases of lung cancer were identified in the mobile LDCT scanning with remote reading cohort, with a lung cancer detection rate of 0.57% (26/4527), which was significantly higher than control (4/2724 = 0.15%, P = 0.006). Moreover, 80.8% (21/26) of lung cancer patients detected by mobile CT with remote reading were in stage I, remarkedly higher than that of 25.0% in control (1/4, P = 0.020).ConclusionMobile LDCT combined with remote reading is probably a potential mode for lung cancer screening in rural areas.Trial registrationNo. of registration trial was ChiCTR-DDD-15007586 (http://www.chictr.org).
An Island-Based Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm for Caloric-Restricted Diets
Authors: Silva João Gabriel R , Duarte Grasiele R. , Carvalho Iago A. , Goliatt Leonardo , Vieira Vinicius F. , Xavier Carolina R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most popular and successful way to maintain a healthy body is to have a rich and balanced diet, combined with physical exercise. Since it was proposed the diet dilemma, several works in the literature suggested calculating a diet that respects an individual's nutritional needs. In the Caloric-Restricted Diet Problem (CRDP), the goal is to find a reduced-calorie diet that meets an individual's dietary needs aiming for weight loss. This paper proposes a Hybrid Island-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBHEA) that combines a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a Differential Evolution (DE) communicating through a migration policy to solve the CRDP. Computational experiments showed that IBHEA outperforms the non-distributed and non-hybrid implementations, generating a greater variety of diets with a small calorie count.
Maternal hypertension-related genes affect the fetal growth via placenta
Authors: Sato Noriko , Fudono Ayako , Imai Chihiro , Takimoto Hidemi , Tarui Iori , Aoyama Tomoko , Yago Satoshi , Okamitsu Motoko , Mizutani Shuki , Miyasaka Naoyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases later in life1-4. A recent Mendelian Randomization Study concluded that the susceptibility of low-birth-weight infants to develop hypertension during adulthood is due to the inheritance of hypertension genes from the mother, and not to an unfavorable intrauterine environment5. Therein, it has been assumed that low birth weight is caused by maternal hypertension5,6, although there is no evidence to support such a linear relationship. In the present study, we have noted that most of blood pressure SNPs are related to vascular regulation7-9 and found that the relationship between maternal blood pressure-increasing polygenic score and reduction of offspring birth weight is mediated by a reduced growth of the placenta but not by the mother's high blood pressure. This suggests that the risk of hypertension of low-birth-weight infants may result from a poor placental environment.
Underwater Noise for a Variety of Traditional Fishing Boats in Cilacap Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Amron Amron , Hidayat Rizqi Rizaldi , Meinita Maria Dyah Nur , Trenggono Mukti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As the main contributor to noise pollution in Cilacap waters, the noise characteristics of traditional fishing boats based on distance are very important to be studied. This research aimed to determine noise intensity and frequency based on the distance for each traditional fishing boat (3, 5, and 10 GT). The results showed that these boats emitting noise with broadband frequency and receive levels reached 153 dB re 1 μPa. The noise characteristics were different for each type of ship due to differences in the size, engine type, and operational speed. The receive level had the same decreased pattern based on the distance for each noise frequency, but with a different intensity. Meanwhile, the noise frequency had increased quadratically based on the distance, where the higher frequency, the greater change so that the noise was not detected faster.
A Longitudinal Study of Changes Observed in the 6-Min Walk Test Over a 4-Month Period in Healthy 6 to 12-Year-Old Children
Authors: Corral Tamara del , Tapia-Castañeda Javier , Ríos-Pérez Gonzalo , Triviño-López Paula , Sastre-Moreno Nerea , García-Fernández Pablo , de-Uralde-Villanueva Ibai López 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Simpler and less expensive field tests, such as the 6-min walk test, have been employed to evaluate exercise tolerance in chronic paediatric conditions. However, patterns of longitudinal change for outcome measures could show initial gains attributable to normal growth and development in children. We aimed to verify the effect of growth on the distance achieved in 6-min walk test in children 6 to 12 years of age over a 4-month period. Healthy children from 6–12 years of age were recruited. Two trials of the 6-min walk test were performed on the same day and after a 4-month period. We employed the intraclass correlation coefficient to assess test-retest reliability when the 6-min walk test was applied with a 4-month time interval. 59 children (28 boys and 31 girls) were assessed. The distance covered in the 6-min walk test and anthropometric variables showed a statistically significant increase after 4 months. After 4 months, we established a 12% change from the initial measurement (79.69 m) as the minimal detectable change for a 90% confidence level, while a 15% change (94.66 m) was determined as the minimal detectable change for a 95% confidence level. Conclusions: The distance covered in the 6-min walk test improved as the children’s height increased, establishing a 12% change in the score of at least 79.69 m as the most appropriate value in interpreting longitudinal functional performance data when assessing exercise tolerance in healthy children aged 6 to 12 years.
Experimental Verification of the Field Theory of Specific Heat With the Scaling in Crystalline Matter
Authors: Gusev Yuri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The field (geometrical) theory of specific heat is based on the universal thermal sum, a new mathematical tool derived from the evolution equation in the Euclidean four-dimensional spacetime, with the closed time coordinate. This theory made it possible to explain the phenomena of scaling in the heat capacity of condensed matter. The scaling of specific heat of the carbon group elements with a diamond lattice is revisited. The predictions of the scaling characteristics for natural diamond and grey tin are verified with published experimental data. The fourth power in temperature in the quasi-low temperature behaviour of the specific heat of both materials is confirmed. The phenomenon of scaling in the specific heat, previously known only in glassy matter, is demonstrated for some zincblend lattice compounds and diamond lattice elements, with their characteristic temperatures. The nearly identical elastic properties of grey tin and indium antimonide is the cause for similarity of their thermal properties, which makes it possible to make conjectures about thermal properties of grey tin.