bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Traction and Propulsion Analysis
Authors: Lieh Junghsen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conventional approach for vehicle traction and propulsion analysis used spreadsheets. This is inconvenient if one intends to vary a parameter, and it is even more difficult when multiple parameters are evaluated at the design phase. In this paper, it is intended to formulate two nonlinear differential equations representing road load and power consumption. By expanding inertia force, air drag, rolling resistance, gravitational force and tire tractive force, the equations can be simplified as the function of velocity v, i.e., s 1 v ˙ = s 2 - s 3 v 2 and m v ˙ = - r 1 v 3 - r 2 v + r 3 v , respectively. With these two equations, it allows engineers to use either numerical or analytical method to study key parameters at the design phase.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of these equations, Wright State’s electric car model is used. The results for front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) cases are presented.
First Order Analysis for Automotive Designs
Authors: Kojima Yoshio , Nishigaki Hidekazu , Sugiura Hideki , Nishiwaki Shinji , Kikuchi Noboru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In current automotive development, innovations to reduce development time and to use a virtual prototype have been numerous and progressive. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) has played an important role in these innovations. CAE numerically estimates the performance of automobiles and proposes alternative ideas that lead to higher performance without building physical prototypes. However, current CAE can not usually be used at the initial design phase due to their difficult, and complex functions and characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new type of CAE, First Order Analysis (FOA). The basic ideas include: (1) graphic interfaces using Microsoft /Excel to achieve a product-oriented analysis, (2) use of mechanics of materials to provide useful information regarding structural mechanisms, and (3) a topology optimization method using function oriented elements. Also, some prototype software is presented to confirm the applicability of method presented here to the automotive designs.
Slip-Based Tire-Road Friction Estimation During Braking
Authors: Müller Steffen , Uchanski Michael , Hedrick Karl 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We develop a slip-based method that estimates tire-road friction during braking using data from standard ABS wheel speed sensors and a brake pressure sensor. During a braking maneuver, normalized traction force, μ, vs. slip data is collected and the slope of this μ vs. slip line is used to estimate the road friction. Results from field tests of the algorithm are presented.
A Dynamic Tire Friction Model for Combined Longitudinal and Lateral Motion
Authors: Deur Joško , Asgari Jahan , Hrovat Davor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A dynamic tire friction model based on the comprehensive LuGre friction model has been proposed recently for the case of pure longitudinal motion. An extension of the model for combined longitudinal and lateral motion, including calculation of the self aligning torque, is presented in this paper. The extended model is derived for both uniform and non-uniform normal pressure distributions. The model steady-state behavior is validated with respect to Pacejka static tire model, which served as an “ideal” benchmark. Possible further improvements of the proposed model are also addressed.
A Dynamic-Programming-Styled Algorithm for a Class of Multi-Agent Optimal Task Assignment
Authors: Yang Guang , Kapila Vikram , Vaidyanathan Ravi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we use a dynamic programming formulation to address a class of multi-agent task assignment problems that arise in the study of fuel optimal control of multiple agents. The fuel optimal multi-agent control is highly relevant to multiple spacecraft formation reconfiguration, an area of intense current research activity. Based on the recurrence relation derived from the celebrated principle of optimality, we develop an algorithm with a distributed computational architecture for the global optimal task assignment. In addition, we propose a communication protocol to facilitate decentralized decision making among agents. Illustrative studies are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed multi-agent optimal task assignment algorithm.
Time Delay Modeling and Sample Time Selection for Networked Control Systems
Authors: Lian Feng-Li , Moyne James , Tilbury Dawn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of network architecture on control performance in a class of distributed control systems called Networked Control Systems (NCS), and provides design considerations related to control quality of performance (QoP) as well as network quality of service (QoS). The integrated network-control system changes the characteristics of time delays between application devices. This study first identifies several key components of the time delay through an analysis of network protocols and control dynamics. The analysis of network and control parameters is used to determine an acceptable working range of sampling periods in an NCS. A network-control simulator and an experimental networked machine tool have been developed to help validate and demonstrate the performance analysis results, and identify the special performance characteristics in an NCS. These performance characteristics are useful guidelines for choosing the network and control parameters when designing an NCS.
Actuator Placement and Control Efficiency of Paraboloidal Shell Structures
Authors: Tzou H. S. , Ding J. H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Paraboloidal shells of revolution are commonly used in communication systems, precision opto-mechanical systems and aerospace structures. This study is to investigate the precision distributed control effectiveness of paraboloidal shells laminated with segmented actuator patches. Mathematical models of the paraboloidal shells laminated with distributed actuator layers subjected to mechanical, temperature, and control forces are presented first, followed by formulations of distributed control forces with their contributing meridional/circumferential membrane and bending control components using an assumed mode shape function. Studies of actuator placements, control forces, contributing components, and normalized control authorities of paraboloidal shells are carried out. These forces and membrane/bending components basically exhibit distinct modal characteristics influenced by shell geometries and other design parameters. Analyses suggest that the membrane contributed components dominate the overall control effect. Locations with larger normalized forces indicate the areas with high control efficiencies, i.e., larger induced control force per unit actuator area. With limited actuators, placing actuators at those locations would lead to the maximal control effects.
Alternative Analytical Mean-Square Calculations for Dynamic Systems Subject to Random Inputs
Authors: Redfield Robin C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Output variables of linear dynamic systems subject to random inputs are often quantified by mean square calculations. Computationally, these involve integration of the frequency response magnitude squared over all frequency. Numerically, this is an easy task and analytically, methods exist to find mean square values as functions of transfer function (frequency response) coefficients. This paper develops further analytical techniques to calculate mean-square values as functions of system pole-zero locations and as functions of eigenproperties and system matrices. These other analytical representations may provide paths to further insight into dynamic system response and optimal design/tuning of dynamic systems.
Optimal Actuator/Sensor Placement for Control of Combustion Instabilities
Authors: Al-Masoud Nidal , Singh Tarunraj 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a methodology is proposed for determination of optimal actuator and sensor locations for the control of combustion instabilities. The proposed approach relies on certain quantitative measures of degree of controllability and observability based on the controllability and observability grammians. These criteria are arrived at by considering the energies of system’s inputs and outputs. The optimality criteria for sensor and actuator locations provide a balance between the importance of the lower order and the higher order modes. It is assumed that the control input is provided by a finite number of point actuators, and the instantaneous conditions in the chamber are monitored, in general, by multiple sensors.
Dynamic Redesign of a Flow Control Servo-Valve Using a Pressure Control Pilot
Authors: Li Perry Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic performance of an unconventional two-spool flow control servo valve using a pressure control pilot is analyzed. Such valves are less expensive than typical servo-valves but also tend to be limited in their dynamic performance. Based on a previously developed eight state nonlinear model, we develop a simplified linear model which is able to capture the essential dynamics of the valve. Using root locus analysis method, the limitation in dynamic performance is shown to be due to a “zero” introduced by the structure of the interconnection of the subsystems. Design parameters that move the “zero” further to the left half plane, and do not adversely affect other steady state criteria are identified. The effectiveness of these parameters to improve the dynamic performance is demonstrated.
Modeling and Multivariable Control of an Earthmoving Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Zhang Rong , Prasetiawan Eko A. , Alleyne Andrew G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coordination of the power distribution in a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) electrohydraulic transmission is investigated for the case of an earthmoving vehicle powertrain. A generalized model of a representative system is presented along with the development of both H2 and H∞ MIMO controller designs. The controllers are developed based on a linearized model of the system about some nominal operating point Multiple inputs are coordinated to control multiple load outputs simultaneously. Since typical MIMO electrohydraulic transmission systems have significant nonlinear dynamics that vary with system operating conditions, a robust controller design is paramount The increased robustness of the H∞ controller over the H2 scheme is demonstrated qualitatively in the time domain through both disturbance rejection and trajectory tracking comparisons. A frequency domain criterion quantitatively provides quantifiable comparisons between the two methods. Hardware-in-the-Loop experiments validate the modeling and control performance on an Earthmoving Vehicle Powertrain Simulator (EVPS).
Washing Machine Health Diagnostics Through Information Synthesis
Authors: Brown J. , Franchek M. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Presented in this paper is a model-based method for assessing suspension and motor health of washing machines. The diagnosis of the suspension and motor health is achieved by processing the measured dynamics of the washtub. In particular, an online adapted lumped parameter model of the washtub is used to estimate key suspension and motor parameters. These parameters are identified from the measured displacement of the washtub due to a motor pulse input prior to the beginning of the wash cycle. Comparing the estimated values to design values assesses both suspension and motor health. Included are simulation results to validate the parameter estimation process.
Fault Detection for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Fretheim Tor , Shoureshi Rahmat , Vincent Tyrone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new fault detection and isolation scheme has been developed to enable automatic detection of faulty conditions in linear or non-linear systems. The focus of this paper is on the development of a general, and feasible method for nonlinear system fault detection which can be easily implemented on input/output models. The method proposed here is different in that the neural network is used to model the process dynamics, while a dead-beat observer is implemented by solving a set of coupled nonlinear equations. This enables the introduction of constraints into the problem that can improve the power of the fault detection techniques.
Implementation of Observer-Corrector Feedback for Motion Control of Direct-Drive Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Hosek Martin , Moura Jairo T. , Elmali Hakan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Observer-corrector feedback is a control strategy which reduces destabilizing effects of unmodeled higher-order dynamics (e.g., structural resonances of a robotic manipulator) found in many systems subject to control. The fundamental idea is to synthesize a substitute feedback signal in order to extract dominant dynamic components (e.g., rigid body motion of a robotic manipulator) from the output of the controlled system. A band-limited state observer complemented by a low-pass filter corrector are employed for this purpose. The synthetic signal is used as a controller input, effectively eliminating destabilizing effects of unmodeled dynamics of the controlled system. In the presented work, the observer-corrector feedback mechanism is implemented for motion control of a three-axis direct-drive robotic manipulator for automated pick-place operations in semiconductor manufacturing applications. A detailed technical description of the robotic manipulator is provided, a control system with the observer-corrector arrangement is designed, and selected results of laboratory tests are presented. The tests demonstrate that the observer-corrector feedback mechanism leads to improved control performance, increased stability margin, and added robustness against variations in system parameters in comparison to usual control methods.
Flexible Link End-Point Control Based on Exact Dynamic Inversion: Experimental Results
Authors: Piazzi Aurelio , Visioli Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present a new method for the point-to-point motion control of the end-point of a single flexible link manipulator. The technique is based on an exact system inversion procedure, that allows to define a suitable motion law for the hub in order to reduce the residual vibration at the end of the tip motion. Thus, the end-point control is actually performed in open-loop, therefore avoiding the use of a sensor to measure the actual tip position. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach and that the overall control system is inherently robust to modelling errors.
Adaptive Control Strategies for Coordination and Control of Mutliple Robots
Authors: Nagchaudhuri Abhijit , Garg Devendra P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The uncertainty associated with the robot dynamics for performing contact tasks have often necessitated the use of adaptive algorithms. This paper investigates the use of adaptive control and impedance control for a difficult contact task involving multiple robots handling a common heavy object. Simulations are performed using various trajectories in the Cartesian space, and uncertainties associated with payload as well as dynamic characteristics of the robots are considered. Three different trajectories are generated for motion of the object centroid between the same two locations in the Cartesian space. The simulations establish that the adaptive strategies proposed are not only robust to uncertainties in dynamic parameters and load characteristics but also with regard to speed of motion and trajectory alterations that may be necessary for considerations involving path planning and obstacle avoidance.
A Fault Accommodating Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Under Thruster Redundancy and Saturation
Authors: Podder Tarun Kanti , Sarkar Nilanjan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An approach to the allocation of thruster forces of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is investigated in this paper. Generally, the number of thrusters in an AUV is more than what is minimally required to produce the desired motion. This paper presents a framework that exploits the excess number of thrusters to accommodate thruster faults during operation. First, a redundancy resolution scheme is presented that takes into account the presence of excess number of thrusters along with any thruster faults, and determines the reference thruster forces to produce the desired motion. This framework is then extended to incorporate a dynamic state feedback technique to generate reference thruster forces that are within the saturation limit of each thruster. These reference thruster forces are utilized in the thruster controller to generate the required motion. This approach resolves the thruster redundancy in the Cartesian space and allows the AUV to track the task-space trajectories with asymptotic reduction of the task-space errors. Results from computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the viability of the proposed scheme.
Observer-Corrector Control Strategy for Robotic Manipulators With Unmodeled Dynamics
Authors: Hosek Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A control strategy is presented which reduces destabilizing effects of unmodeled higher-order dynamics found in many systems subject to control. These effects are major limiting factors of conventional controllers, especially for high-performance machinery, such as precision machine tools and robotic manipulators. In the proposed strategy, a substitute feedback signal is synthesized in order to extract dominant dynamic components (e.g., rigid body motion of a flexible robotic manipulator) from the output of the controlled system. A unique arrangement of a band-limited state observer and a low-pass filter corrector is employed for this purpose. The synthetic signal is used as a controller input, effectively eliminating destabilizing effects of unmodeled dynamics of the controlled system. A simulation example demonstrates that the strategy results in improved control performance, increased stability margin, and added robustness against variations in system parameters in comparison to conventional methods adopted currently in engineering practice.
A Fuzzy Controller for Tentacle Cooperative Robots
Authors: Ivanescu Mircea , Bizdoaca Nicu , Cojocaru Dorian , Popescu Nirvana , Popescu Decebal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A fuzzy system and the control algorithms are proposed to solve the control multi-chain robotic system formed by tentacle manipulators grasping a commune object with hard contact points. The control system contains two parts: the first component is a conventional controller, which implements a control strategy based on the Lyapunov stability, and the second is an adaptive fuzzy controller which adjusts the control parameters by the output of the first level controller. The stability and robustness is investigated and the fuzzy rules are established The fuzzy controller was developed using Matlab and Simulink software. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
An Active Radial Countercurrent Heat Sink Driven by a Synthetic Jet Actuator
Authors: Vukasinovic Jelena , Glezer Ari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The performance of a low-profile radial countercurrent heat sink driven by an integrated synthetic jet actuator is investigated experimentally. A packaged thermal test die is cooled using an array of synthetic jets normally impinging on the extended surface. A power dissipation of 50 W is accomplished at the nominal case temperature of Tc = 70 °C.
The heat sink design is driven by the flow and heat transfer analysis of normal jet impingement in a confined flow geometry consisting of two parallel circular plates having a diameter that is typically an order of magnitude larger than the spacing between the plates. The velocity and temperature distributions are measured using particle image velocimetry and arrays of thermocouple sensors. A jet actuator is integrated into one of the plates and cools a test heater attached to the opposite surface. The jet draws its makeup air from ambient, impinges on the heater, and ultimately rejects the heat to ambient. This introduces a radial countercurrent flow in the gap between the plates that includes a layer of hot air dispensed along the top plate and a layer of cooler ambient air entrained along the jet exit plane. When the jet is activated the heater temperature drops substantially. Although the global heat transfer coefficient decreases with decreasing gap height, flow pathlines show that the jet can still entrain cool air from ambient and effect substantial cooling even when the spacing between the plates is of the order of the jet orifice diameter.
Thermal Analysis of EPAS Power Module
Authors: Farhi Ram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The continuous improvement of robust design for reliability is possible by the implementation of Finite Element Methods (FEM). Thermal response of a chip-and-wire power module was studied to verify and optimize the design. The power module drives a three-phase Brushless DC motor in an Electric Power Assisted Steering (EPAS) system. It has a power output of ∼1.5kW with a peak current of 125A and with thermal efficiency of 86%. The three-phase inverter is built with 12 dies (2 parallel FETs per switch), and it is constructed on an Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) and copper lead frame.
The FEA model was verified experimentally using a Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) system and a threshold voltage measurement for the junction temperatures. Experimental and FEA results show the peak junction temperature is less than 130°C and the thermal resistance is 1.2C/W. In addition to design changes and refinement of process prior to fabrication, the FEA approach enabled the study of competing design approaches without sacrificing valuable time.
Characterization of Strain Rate-Dependent Behavior of 63Sn-37Pb Solder Using Split Hopkinson Torsional Bars (SHTB)
Authors: Lee Shi-Wei Ricky , Dai Lan Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study is aimed at the experimental characterization of strain-rate dependent behaviour of solder materials under impulsive shear loading. In order to achieve this objective, a unique testing technique, namely, split Hopkinson torsion bar (SHTB) is employed. The solder material under investigation is 63Sn-37Pb. The experimental results indicate that the shear behavior of the solder joint is very sensitive to the strain rate and the dynamic shear strength of the solder joint is much higher than the static one.
Reliability Analysis on the Chaos Induced by the Effect of the Transient Temperature Variation of a Printed Wiring Board
Authors: He Xiaoling , Fulton Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The transient response of a printed wiring board (PWB) under mechanical and thermal loading is analyzed. The thermal load is caused by the time-dependent temperature variation of the PWB. Analytical solution is obtained for the equation of motion in nonlinear dynamics analysis. Numerical results showed that the response is in chaotic behavior under harmonic excitation due to the transient thermal effect. PWB response is characterized with respect to the thermal and mechanical load effect in both phase diagram and temporal oscillation.
Evaluation of Secondary Flow Between Rotating Concentric Spheres Using a Perturbation Method
Authors: Corral R. L. , Pérez A. , Márquez A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new approach to evaluate the Newtonian flow between concentric rotating spheres is introduced in this paper. A general analytic solution to the problem is deduced using a perturbation method that takes into account the primary and secondary flows produced between the spheres. In order to exemplify the results of the previous analysis, six particular cases were studied. The results show that under certain circumstances the secondary flow is no negligible, as is usually considered, but it is comparable to the value of the primary one.