bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly of polymers from multicomponent reactions
Authors: Liu Hongxu , Kanjilal Pintu , Thayumanavan S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSupramolecular assemblies from synthetic polymers have been widely used in materials science and biological applications. Developing convenient and efficient methods to tune polymer structures and architectures is important for achieving desired self‐assembly behaviors. Among various synthetic strategies, multicomponent reactions have drawn significant interest due to the high reaction efficiency, chemical selectivity, atom economy and one‐pot manner. These features make it convenient to manipulate polymer properties by varying chemical building blocks. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the self‐assembly of polymers from multicomponent reactions. We discuss how multicomponent reactions are applied for polymerization and post‐polymerization modifications, generating polymers with specific self‐assembly behaviors for various research and application purposes. Challenges and perspectives about the development of this field are also discussed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Polydopamine: a bioinspired adhesive and surface modification platform
Authors: Feinberg Hannah , Hanks Timothy W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolydopamine is a biopolymer that is gaining widespread interest as a surface modifying agent due to its simplicity of preparation, versatility and biocompatibility. The material was first described during electrochemical studies of dopamine, but recognition of its structural similarity to key components of mussel adhesive proteins, which are able to adhere to a diverse range of surfaces in water, has led to its incorporation into a host of composite materials. This review will examine some of the emerging investigations into the complex mechanism of polydopamine formation, proposed structures and potential applications, with an emphasis on its use in biomedicine. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Thioesterase enzyme families: Functions, structures, and mechanisms
Authors: Caswell Benjamin T. , de Carvalho Caio C. , Nguyen Hung , Roy Monikrishna , Nguyen Tin , Cantu David C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThioesterases are enzymes that hydrolyze thioester bonds in numerous biochemical pathways, for example in fatty acid synthesis. This work reports known functions, structures, and mechanisms of updated thioesterase enzyme families, which are classified into 35 families based on sequence similarity. Each thioesterase family is based on at least one experimentally characterized enzyme, and most families have enzymes that have been crystallized and their tertiary structure resolved. Classifying thioesterases into families allows to predict tertiary structures and infer catalytic residues and mechanisms of all sequences in a family, which is particularly useful because the majority of known protein sequence have no experimental characterization. Phylogenetic analysis of experimentally characterized thioesterases that have structures with the two main structural folds reveal convergent and divergent evolution. Based on tertiary structure superimposition, catalytic residues are predicted.
Evaluation framework for systems models
Authors: Braakman Sietse , Pathmanathan Pras , Moore Helen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs decisions in drug development increasingly rely on predictions from mechanistic systems models, assessing the predictive capability of such models is becoming more important. Several frameworks for the development of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models have been proposed. In this paper, we add to this body of work with a framework that focuses on the appropriate use of qualitative and quantitative model evaluation methods. We provide details and references for those wishing to apply these methods, which include sensitivity and identifiability analyses, as well as concepts such as validation and uncertainty quantification. Many of these methods have been used successfully in other fields, but are not as common in QSP modeling. We illustrate how to apply these methods to evaluate QSP models, and propose methods to use in two case studies. We also share examples of misleading results when inappropriate analyses are used.
Multi‐user geometry and geography augmented reality applications for collaborative and gamified STEM learning in primary school
Authors: Yegorina Darya , Armstrong Inna , Kravtsov Alexey , Merges Kevin , Danhoff Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) technology has been gaining a meaningful position in the education sector with multiple subjects’ application to support teaching and learning experiences. Thanks to the advancement of hardware and technological platforms it is becoming easier to adopt AR technology at schools. This study represents a systematic literature review of AR application in the area of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education at primary school level with the focus on collaborative and gamified practices applied to mobile application for geometry and geography subjects. The main objective of this paper is to investigate and analyse the main characteristics and state of the art of the AR STEM gamified collaborative applications for geometry and geography in primary education and their efficiency on the teaching and learning process. This study performs qualitative analysis of the content of 97 articles that provide an overview of the relevant mobile applications for this systematic literature review, book chapters and conference articles published from 2010 to 2021. The main contribution of this article is in the area of in‐app augmented collaborative experiences in geometry and geography learning in primary grades for further research and technology development. In addition, an extensive analysis of the existing AR mobile applications from peer reviewed articles for the above‐mentioned subjects is provided in a comparative table.
What is the satisfiability threshold of random balanced Boolean expressions?
Authors: Lindenstrauss Naomi , Talagrand Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider the model of random Boolean expressions based on balanced binary trees with leaves, to which are randomly attributed one of Boolean variables or their negations. We prove that if for every it holds that then asymptotically with high probability the Boolean expression is either a tautology or an antitautology. Our methods are based on the study of a certain binary operation on the set of probability measures on for a finite set I.
Childhood maltreatment experiences and emotion perception in young Chinese adults: Sex as a moderator
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Wu Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMen and women seem to perceive and react differently to emotional stimuli and have different susceptibilities to childhood trauma. With a cross‐sectional design, this study aimed to investigate whether specific patterns of childhood‐maltreatment experiences are associated with specific patterns of emotion perception and the sex differences in this relationship. A total of 173 adults rated valence, arousal, and dominance for 60 pictures (varying in pleasantness, unpleasantness, and neutral emotion) from the International Affective Picture System and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‐Short Form. Using a partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis, after controlling for depressive and anxious states, recent stressful life events, personality, and cognitive reappraisal strategy, we identified a profile (linear combination) of childhood‐maltreatment experiences (emotional neglect, physical neglect, and physical abuse) that was associated with a profile of emotion‐perception dimensions (perceiving negative visual stimuli as more unpleasant and subservient, positive stimuli as more pleasant and dominant, and neutral stimuli as more arousing). This association pattern was significant only for the male participants. Hence, our findings suggest that childhood maltreatment might make men more “emotional” in their adulthood. The impact of this childhood‐maltreatment‐associated alteration in emotion perception on male mental health needs further investigation.
In Situ Electrochemical Transformation toward Structure Optimized VEG@MXene Cathode for Enhanced Zinc‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Xinjie , Zhu Xiaodong , Cao Ziyi , Xu Zhenglong , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVanadium‐based derivatives, featuring affordable cost and high theoretical capacity, have gathered widespread interest in the context of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, the further application of vanadium‐based materials is hindered by the limited electrical conductivity and cycling lifespan. Herein, 1D chain‐like structure vanadyl ethylene glycolate (VEG, (VO(CH2O)2)), growing on the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, is synthesized via a one‐step oil‐bath heating process as cathode materials for ZIBs. Benefiting from the hybrid structure with high conductivity and abundant reactive sites, the VEG@MXene cathode exhibits a remarkable specific capacity (360.3 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), and impressive capacity retention (up to 85.2% after 3000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Mechanism analysis reveals a gradual phase transition from the original VEG on MXene to the stable Zn3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O nanoflakes accompanied by continuous zinc ion intercalation/deintercalation, offering more pathways for zinc ion transport. This work suggests that engineering conductivity‐enhanced vanadium‐based materials is a rational approach for developing promising cathode materials of ZIBs.
Using Metal Cation to Control the Microstructure of Cobalt Oxide in Energy Conversion and Storage Applications
Authors: Zhang Hao , Geng Songyuan , Ouyang Mengzheng , Mao Mingxuan , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, a facile and efficient synthesis of microstructured Co3O4 for both supercapacitor and water‐splitting applications is reported. Metal cations (Fe3+, Cu2+) serve as structure‐directing agents regulating the structure of Co compounds, which are subsequently annealed to yield Co3O4. Detailed characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the in situ Cl‐doping introduces oxygen defects and provides abundant electroactive sites, and narrows the bandgap, which enhances the electron excitation of the as‐formed Co3O4. The as‐prepared Cl‐doped Co3O4 hierarchical nanospheres (Cl‐Co3O4‐h) display a high specific capacitance of 1629 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 as an electrode for supercapacitors, with excellent rate capability and cyclability. The Cl‐Co3O4‐h//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) electrode achieves a specific capacitance of 237 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with an energy density of 74 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 807 W kg−1 and even maintains 47 Wh kg−1 at the higher‐power density of 24.2 kW kg−1. An integrated electrolyzer for water‐splitting with Cl‐Co3O4‐h as both cathode and anode can be driven by Cl‐Co3O4‐h//AC ASC. The electrolyzer provides a high current density of 35 mA cm–2 at a cell voltage of 1.6 V, with good current density retention over 50 h.
Self‐Organized Spatiotemporal Mineralization of Hydrogel: A Simulant of Osteon
Authors: Wu Mingzhen , Zhao Yao , Jiang Haolun , Xu Xiaoyang , Wang Dingqian , Xu Xinyuan , Zhou Yahong , Tan Hong , Ding Chunmei , Li Jianshu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNature creates fascinating self‐organized spatiotemporal patterns through the delicate control of reaction‐diffusion dynamics. As the primary unit of cortical bone, osteon has concentric lamellar architecture, which plays a crucial role in the mechanical and physiological functions of bone. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate the osteon‐like structure in a natural self‐organization way. Taking advantage of the nonequilibrium reaction in hydrogels, a simple mineralization strategy to closely mimic the formation of osteon in a mild physiological condition is developed. By constructing two reverse concentration gradients of ions from periphery to interior of cylindrical hydrogel, spatiotemporal self‐organization of calcium phosphate in concentric rings is generated. It is noteworthy that minerals in different layers possess diverse contents and crystalline phases, which further guide the adhesion and spread of osteoblasts on these patterns, resembling the architecture and cytological behavior of osteon. Besides, theoretical data indicates the predominate role of ion concentrations and pH values of solution, in good accordance with experimental results. Independent of precise instruments, this lifelike method is easily obtained, cost‐efficient, and effectively imitates the mineral deposition in osteon from a physiochemical view. The strategy may be expanded to develop other functional material patterns via spatiotemporal self‐organization.
Biodegradable, Breathable Leaf Vein‐Based Tactile Sensors with Tunable Sensitivity and Sensing Range
Authors: Liu Yue , Tao Juan , Yang Wenkai , Zhang Yufei , Li Jing , Xie Huilin , Bao Rongrong , Gao Wenchao , Pan Caofeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResistive pressure sensors have been widely studied for application in flexible wearable devices due to their outstanding pressure‐sensitive characteristics. In addition to the outstanding electrical performance, environmental friendliness, breathability, and wearable comfortability also deserve more attention. Here, a biodegradable, breathable multilayer pressure sensor based piezoresistive effect is presented. This pressure sensor is designed with all biodegradable materials, which show excellent biodegradability and breathability with a three‐dimensional porous hierarchical structure. Moreover, due to the multilayer structure, the contact area of the pressure sensitive layers is greatly increased and the loading pressure can be distributed to each layer, so the pressure sensor shows excellent pressure‐sensitive characteristics over a wide pressure sensing range (0.03–11.60 kPa) with a high sensitivity (6.33 kPa−1). Furthermore, the sensor is used as a human health monitoring equipment to monitor the human physiological signals and main joint movements, as well as be developed to detect different levels of pressure and further integrated into arrays for pressure imaging and a flexible musical keyboard. Considering the simple manufacturing process, the low cost, and the excellent performance, leaf vein‐based pressure sensors provide a good concept for environmentally friendly wearable devices.
Limiting sensitive values in an anonymized table while reducing information loss via p‐proportion
Authors: Dosselmann Richard , Hamilton Howard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ‐proportion model bounds the proportion of sensitive values of a sensitive attribute in each equivalence class of an anonymized database table in order to limit the ability of a user to link an individual or entity to a sensitive value in that table. Nonsensitive values are not subject to any such constraints, which reduces the amount of anonymization needed to meet the requirements of this model. This leads to less information loss in an anonymized table. Anonymization is performed using an extension of the Mondrian algorithm that incorporates categorical attributes. Known as the adapted Mondrian algorithm, it generalizes a value of a categorical attribute to a set. Existing algorithms, by comparison, replace one value of a predefined hierarchy by another. The ‐proportion model is compared against the ()‐anonymity model using both the progressive local recoding and (adapted) Mondrian algorithms. Experiments demonstrate the advantage of ‐proportion and Mondrian over ()‐anonymity and progressive local recoding in terms of reduced information loss, measured using the normalized certainty penalty, discernibility metric, and classification metric.
MiR‐125b enhances doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing the nucleus‐cytoplasmic translocation of YAP via targeting STARD13
Authors: Jin Xiaoping , Yu Wande , Ye Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity, while the pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. This work aims to investigate the effects of miR‐125b in Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Here, mice model combined with cell line analysis were used, and cell viability assay, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological changes were performed to characterize miR‐125b effects; real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and western blot analysis were subjected to reveal the underlying mechanisms. It was found that miR‐125b level was upregulated in myocardial cell line H9C2 treated with Dox and miR‐125b overexpression enhanced Dox‐induced cytotoxicology of H9C2 cells, while miR‐125b inhibition exhibited a protective effect by measuring ROS level and cell viability. In consistent, in vivo experiments with miR‐125b agomir or antagomir obtained a consistent result through examining the activity of MDA, LDH, GSH, GSH‐Px, SOD, and histopathological changes. Furthermore, we found that miR‐125b could target STARD13 and thus suppressed the nucleus‐cytoplasmic translocation of yes‐associated protein (YAP). Additionally, this STARD13/YAP axis is necessary for miR‐125b‐mediated regulation on Dox‐induced cytotoxicology of H9C2 cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR‐125b could enhance Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity through targeting the STARD13/YAP axis.
Search for sub-eV axion-like resonance states via stimulated quasi-parallel laser collisions with the parameterization including fully asymmetric collisional geometry
Authors:   The SAPPHIRES collaboration, Homma Kensuke , Kirita Yuri , Hashida Masaki , Hirahara Yusuke , Inoue Shunsuke , Ishibashi Fumiya , Nakamiya Yoshihide , Neagu Liviu , Nobuhiro Akihide , Ozaki Takaya , Rosu Madalin-Mihai , Sakabe Shuji , Tesileanu Ovidiu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have searched for axion-like resonance states by colliding optical photons in a focused laser field (creation beam) by adding another laser field (inducing beam) for stimulation of the resonance decays, where frequency-converted signal photons can be created as a result of stimulated photon-photon scattering via exchanges of axion-like resonances. A quasi-parallel collision system (QPS) in such a focused field allows access to the sub-eV mass range of resonance particles. In past searches in QPS, for simplicity, we interpreted the scattering rate based on an analytically calculable symmetric collision geometry in both incident angles and incident energies by partially implementing the asymmetric nature to meet the actual experimental conditions. In this paper, we present new search results based on a complete parameterization including fully asymmetric collisional geometries. In particular, we combined a linearly polarized creation laser and a circularly polarized inducing laser to match the new parameterization. A 0.10 mJ/31 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse and a 0.20 mJ/9 ns Nd:YAG laser pulse were spatiotemporally synchronized by sharing a common optical axis and focused into the vacuum system. Under a condition in which atomic background processes were completely negligible, no significant scattering signal was observed at the vacuum pressure of 2.6 × 10−5 Pa, thereby providing upper bounds on the coupling-mass relation by assuming exchanges of scalar and pseudoscalar fields at a 95% confidence level in the sub-eV mass range.
de Sitter vacua from ten dimensions
Authors: Kachru Shamit , Kim Manki , McAllister Liam , Zimet Max 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We analyze the de Sitter construction of [1] using ten-dimensional supergravity, finding exact agreement with the four-dimensional effective theory. Starting from the fermionic couplings in the D7-brane action, we derive the ten-dimensional stress-energy due to gaugino condensation on D7-branes. We demonstrate that upon including this stress-energy, as well as that due to anti-D3-branes, the ten-dimensional equations of motion require the four-dimensional curvature to take precisely the value determined by the four-dimensional effective theory of [1].
Non-local reparametrization action in coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
Authors: Milekhin Alexey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We continue the investigation of coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models without Schwarzian action dominance. Like the original SYK, at large N and low energies these models have an approximate reparametrization symmetry. However, the dominant action for reparametrizations is non-local due to the presence of irrelevant local operator with small conformal dimension. We semi-analytically study different thermodynamic properties and the 4-point function and demonstrate that they significantly differ from the Schwarzian prediction. However, the residual entropy and maximal chaos exponent are the same as in Majorana SYK. We also discuss chain models and finite N corrections.
Maximally supersymmetric RG flows in 4D and integrability
Authors: Caetano João , Peelaers Wolfger , Rastelli Leonardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We revisit the leading irrelevant deformation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory that preserves sixteen supercharges. We consider the deformed theory on S3× ℝ. We are able to write a closed form expression of the classical action thanks to a formalism that realizes eight supercharges off shell. We then investigate integrability of the spectral problem, by studying the spin-chain Hamiltonian in planar perturbation theory. While there are some structural indications that a suitably defined deformation might preserve integrability, we are unable to settle this question by our two-loop calculation; indeed up to this order we recover the integrable Hamiltonian of undeformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM due to accidental symmetry enhancement. We also comment on the holographic interpretation of the theory.
Semi-classical analysis of the string theory cigar
Authors: Jafferis Daniel Louis , Schneider Elliot 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the semi-classical limit of the reflection coefficient for the SL(2, ℝ)k/U(1) CFT. For large k, the CFT describes a string in a Euclidean black hole of 2-dimensional dilaton-gravity, whose target space is a cigar with an asymptotically linear dilaton. This sigma-model description is weakly coupled in the large k limit, and we investigate the saddle-point expansion of the functional integral that computes the reflection coefficient. As in the semi-classical limit of Liouville CFT studied in [1], we find that one must complexify the functional integral and sum over complex saddles to reproduce the limit of the exact reflection coefficient. Unlike Liouville, the SL(2, ℝ)k/U(1) CFT admits bound states that manifest as poles of the reflection coefficient. To reproduce them in the semi-classical limit, we find that one must sum over configurations that hit the black hole singularity, but nevertheless contribute to the saddle-point expansion with finite action.