bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental effects of adolescent escalating low‐dose Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol leads to a specific bio‐behavioural profile in adult male rats
Authors: Poulia Nafsika , Delis Foteini , Brakatselos Charalampos , Polissidis Alexia , Koutmani Yassemi , Kokras Nikolaos , Dalla Christina , Politis Panagiotis K. , Antoniou Katerina 
Published: January 2021

Background and PurposeAdolescent cannabis use is associated with adult psychopathology. When Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), mainly in high doses, is administered to adolescence rats there are also long lasting effects in adults. This study aims to determine the specific adult bio‐behavioural profile after adolescent low‐dose THC, which better mirrors adolescent recreational cannabis use.Experimental ApproachAdolescent male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with escalating low‐dose of THC. In adulthood, they were evaluated for their spontaneous locomotion, sensorimotor gating, higher order and spatial cognitive functions. Dopaminergic activity and cannabinoid receptor expression were measured in distinct brain regions. Hippocampal neurogenic activity of neural stem cells was determined and protein levels of neuroplasticity‐related biomarkers were quantified. Adolescent low‐dose THC exposure increased spontaneous open‐field activity, without affecting prepulse inhibition and attentional set‐shifting performance. Region‐specific dopaminergic alterations and CB1 receptor up‐regulation in the prefrontal cortex were observed. Impaired spatial memory, as assessed with the object location task and Morris water maze test, was associated with significantly decreased proliferative activity (SOX2‐positive cells), neurogenic potential (decreased doublecortin‐positive cells) in the adult hippocampus and defective neuroplasticity, including reduced BDNF expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.Key ResultsOur findings reveal the adverse impact of adolescent low‐dose THC on the psychomotor profile, dopaminergic neurotransmission, compensatory cannabinoid receptor response, cognition‐related neurobiological and behavioural functions.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur adolescent low‐dose THC animal model does not induce tangible psychotic‐like effects, such as those reported in high‐dose THC studies, but it impairs cognitive functions and points to hippocampal vulnerability and disrupted neurogenesis.
A combined abdominal and transanal minimally invasive (TAMIS) approach in redo anastomoses for severe refractory rectal strictures
Authors: Seow‐En Isaac , Ke Tao‐Wei , Chen Yi‐Chang , Tzu‐Liang Chen William 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimAnastomotic stricture following anterior resection is an uncommon but challenging problem. Endoscopic dilatation and transanal endoscopic surgery (TES) are proven methods of treatment. However, a small proportion of patients repeatedly fail transanal local therapy for underlying reasons of tension, insufficient blood supply or irradiated tissue, eventually necessitating a complete anastomotic excision. We aimed to combine transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) with an abdominal approach in redo anastomoses for severe refractory anastomotic strictures.MethodFor the TAMIS phase, we use a Lonestar® retractor with a GelPOINT® Path transanal access platform. A circumferential full thickness rectotomy is performed and the dissection is continued proximally in the mesorectal fascial plane past the strictured segment to meet the abdominal dissection or until the peritoneal cavity is entered, facilitating mobilization of the rectum. The abdominal phase is performed as usual with sufficient mobilization of the left colon to enable tension‐free redo anastomosis. An accompanying video demonstrates this technique.ResultsTwo patients with refractory anastomotic strictures following a previous low anterior resection underwent the procedure. One patient had laparoscopy followed by TAMIS and the other had TAMIS followed by laparotomy. Both cases were performed by surgeons experienced in laparoscopy and TES. One patient had postoperative ileus which resolved conservatively. Both anastomoses were widely patent on follow‐up.ConclusionTAMIS combined with a conventional abdominal approach offers significant technical advantages over a totally abdominal approach for the definitive management of patients with severe anastomotic strictures refractory to first‐line methods of therapy. The operator should already be proficient with TES.
New disazo dyes derived from aminopyrazoles: synthesis, spectroscopic properties, computational study and structural properties
Authors: Yıldırım Fati , Demirçalı Aykut , Taşlı Pınar Tunay , Karcı Fikret 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, five new pyrazolyazo pyrazole dyestuff syntheses are reported. For this purpose, 5‐amino‐4‐arylazo‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazoles were diazotised and coupled with 3‐amino‐5‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrazole. Fourier Transform–infrared, ultraviolet‐visible and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to investigate the properties of aminopyrazole‐based dyes obtained in this study. The maximum absorption wavelengths of these dyes in various solvents were determined. The theoretical calculations of the molecules in the ground state were performed with the density functional theory/Becke 3‐parameter and Lee–Yang–Parr/6‐311G(d,p) method by using the Gaussian 0.9 W program. The results were compared with the corresponding experimental data. Acid‐base and substituent effects on the absorption spectra of dyes were also examined and reported.
A physiological perspective of the associations between hydration status and CTP neuroimaging parameters in hyper‐acute ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Buoite Stella Alex , Ajčević Miloš , Furlanis Giovanni , Lugnan Carlo , Gaio Marina , Cillotto Tommaso , Scali Ilario , Caruso Paola , Cova Maria Assunta , Naccarato Marcello , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypohydration may be associated with vascular diseases, poor prognosis and worse outcomes in stroke. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely investigated, although some studies suggested potential associations with brain perfusion and collaterals status. Despite the potentially different mechanisms promoting serum or urine biomarkers of hypohydration, few studies have investigated both markers separately. A prospective descriptive study was conducted in stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit <4.5 h from symptoms onset. All patients underwent neurological evaluation and whole‐brain computed tomography perfusion (CTP) upon admission. Blood and urine samples were immediately collected at admission, and patients were defined as “hypohydrated” (HYP) if blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio was >15 and “underhydrated” (UND) if urine osmolality was >500 mOsm/kg. CTP images were processed to calculate core, penumbra, their mismatch and total hypoperfused volume. Forty‐six patients were included and were grouped according to hydration status. Despite no different NIHSS at baseline, at CTP HYP was independently associated with core‐penumbra mismatch (β: −0.157, 95% CI: −0.305 to −0.009; p = .04), while UND was independently associated with the total hypoperfused volume (β: 31.502, 95% CI: 8.522‒54.481; p = .01). Using CTP imaging, this study proposes a physiological insight of some possible mechanisms associated with the better outcomes observed in acute stroke patients when properly hydrated. These results suggest different associations between hydration status and CTP parameters depending on serum or urine biomarkers in the hyper‐acute phase and encourage the association between hydration status and stroke characteristics.
Association between insulin resistance and BMI with FEV1 in non‐hypoxemic COPD out‐patients
Authors: Zuberi Faisal Faiyaz , Bader Nimrah , Rasheed Tazeen , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the impact of insulin resistance using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) score and BMI in non‐hypoxemic out‐patients with COPD on FEV1 using linear and polynomial regressions and to determine their correlation.MethodsCOPD patients of both genders were included after informed consent. Fasting blood sugar and serum insulin were done to calculate HOMA‐IR, which were segregated into two groups of ≥ 3 and < 3 labeled insulin resistance present and absent, these were compared with BMI. Patients were segregated into GOLD Grade 1–4 per GOLD Guidelines and compared with HOMA‐IR and BMI. Curve and linear regressions, multivariate and univariate analysis of HOMA‐IR with BMI, FVC, and FEV1 were done.ResultsA total of 273 subjects were inducted after informed consent. There was a linear correlation between HOMA‐IR and BMI (r2 0.498, P < 0.001) and nonlinear correlation between HOMA‐IR and FEV1 (r2 0. 617, P < 0.001) which showed little evidence of association above FEV1 > 60 predicted, but a clear negative association below that. Significant increase in HOMA‐IR was seen from GOLD‐2 to 3 and from GOLD‐3 to 4 classes. The impact of HOMA‐IR on FEV1 was 49.9% (P < 0.001) on FVC was 43.7%.ConclusionsThe results indicate that there is a high prevalence of IR in non‐hypoxemic COPD. A nonlinear association is present between FEV1 and HOMA‐IR which is most evident with FEV1 <60% predicted.
Human–crocodilian interactions in Latin America and the Caribbean region
Authors: Pooley Simon , Siroski Pablo Ariel , Fernandez Lucía , Sideleau Brandon , Ponce‐Campos Paulino 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMitigating harmful interactions with wildlife requires an understanding of the interactions between predators, domesticated animals and humans. Large‐scale transformations of crocodilian habitats across the Latin America and Caribbean region, alongside significant use of crocodilians as a resource, and retaliatory killing of crocodilians following (or to prevent) attacks on humans and their animals, are generating significant conservation challenges. This matters because this is the world's most biodiverse region for crocodilians. Because there is little information on specific situations across this vast and complex region, in 2018 we initiated a biannual questionnaire survey to establish a reporting network. In this article, we summarize the findings of surveys conducted in 2018 and 2020. We triangulate this feedback with croc attack data, and consultation with regional experts, to produce this very preliminary overview. We identify trends in negative human–crocodilian interactions at country level, the most reported causes of these, and identify the key species and regions of concern. We surveyed attitudes to management policies and responses to negative interactions including direct action and outreach activities. We acknowledge (and clarify) knowledge gaps, and motivate for improved regional cooperation with regard to policies and management (notably monitoring and evaluation) and data collection and sharing.
Young‐adult compared to adolescent onset of regular cannabis use: A 20‐year prospective cohort study of later consequences
Authors: Chan Gary C. K. , Becker Denise , Butterworth Peter , Hines Lindsey , Coffey Carolyn , Hall Wayne , Patton George 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis paper compares consequences of cannabis use initiated after high school with those of cannabis initiation in adolescence, with estimates of the proportion of adverse consequences accounted for by adult‐onset and adolescent‐onset cannabis users.MethodsA state‐representative sample in Victoria, Australia (n = 1792) participated in a 10‐wave longitudinal study and was followed from age 15 to 35 years. Exposure variable: Patterns of cannabis use across 20 years. Outcomes at age 35: Alcohol use, smoking, illicit drug use, relationship status, financial hardship, depression, anxiety and employment status.ResultsSubstantially more participants (13.6%) initiated regular use after high school (young‐adult onset) than in adolescence (7.7%, adolescent onset). By the mid‐30s, both young‐adult and adolescent‐onset regular users were more likely than minimal/non‐users (63.5%) to have used other illicit drugs (odds ratio [OR] > 20.4), be a high‐risk alcohol drinker (OR > 3.7), smoked daily (OR > 7.2) and less likely to be in relationships (OR < 0.4). As the prevalence of the young‐adult‐onset group was nearly double of the adolescent‐onset group, it accounted for a higher proportion of adverse consequences than the adolescent‐onset group.Discussion and ConclusionsCannabis users who began regular use in their teens had poorer later life outcomes than non‐using peers. The larger group who began regular cannabis use after leaving high school accounted for most cannabis‐related harms in adulthood. Given the legalisation of cannabis use in an increasing number of jurisdictions, we should increasingly expect harms from cannabis use to lie in those commencing use in young adulthood.
Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lin Rose , Brown Fran , James Steven , Jones Jessica , Ekinci Elif 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContext and AimContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is becoming widely accepted as an adjunct to diabetes management. Compared to standard care, CGM can provide detailed information about glycaemic variability in an internationally standardised ambulatory glucose profile, enabling more informed user and clinician decision making. We aimed to review the evidence, user experience and cost‐effectiveness of CGM.MethodsA literature search was conducted by combining subject headings ‘CGM’ and ‘flash glucose monitoring’, with key words ‘type 1 diabetes’ and ‘type 2 diabetes’, limited to ‘1999 to current’. Further evidence was obtained from relevant references of retrieved articles.ResultsThere is a strong evidence for CGM use in people with type 1 diabetes, with benefits of reduced glycated haemoglobin and hypoglycaemia, and increased time in range. While the evidence for CGM use in type 2 diabetes is less robust, similar benefits have been demonstrated. CGM can improve diabetes‐related satisfaction in people with diabetes (PWD) and parents of children with diabetes, as well as the clinician experience. However, CGM does have limitations including cost, accuracy and perceived inconvenience. Cost‐effectiveness analyses have indicated that CGM is a cost‐effective adjunct to type 1 diabetes management that is associated with reduced diabetes‐related complications and hospitalisation.ConclusionsContinuous glucose monitoring is revolutionising diabetes management. It is a cost‐effective adjunct to diabetes management that has the potential to improve glycaemic outcomes and quality of life in PWD, especially type 1 diabetes.
Temporal trends in co‐morbidities and cardiometabolic risk factors at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the UK
Authors: Ling Joanna , Koye Digsu , Buizen Luke , Khunti Kamlesh , Montvida Olga , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate temporal patterns in co‐morbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors and a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk population at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis by age groups and sex.Materials and MethodsFrom the UK primary care database, 248,619 people with a new diagnosis of T2D during 2005–2016 were identified. Among people without ASCVD, high ASCVD risk was defined as two or more of current smoker, grade 2+ obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia or microvascular disease. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) was defined as two or more of cardiovascular disease, microvascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, grade 2+ obesity or cancer. Temporal patterns in the distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated.ResultsWhile the prevalence of ASCVD was stable over time (approximately 18%), 50% were identified to have a high ASCVD risk (26% and 38% in the 18–39 and 40–49 years age groups, respectively), with an increasing trend across all age groups. Overall, 51% had CMM at diagnosis, increasing during 2005–2016 for the 18–39 years age group by 14%–17%, for the 40–49 years age group by 27%–33%, for the 50–59 years age group by 41%–50%, for the 60–69 years age group by 56%–65%, and for the 70–79 years age group by 65%–80%. People with young‐onset T2D had significantly higher HbA1c, body mass index and lipids at diagnosis (all p < .01). The proportions with an HbA1c of 7.5% or higher in the 18–39 and 40–49 years age groups were 58% and 54%, respectively, significantly and consistently higher over the last decade compared with those aged 50 years or older, with males having higher proportions of 15–26 and 10–18 percentage points, respectively, compared with females.ConclusionsCMM and high ASCVD risk have been increasing consistently across all age groups and in both sex, in particular CMM in those aged younger than 50 years. Our findings indicate that the European Society of Cardiology–European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommendations need to change to consider people with young‐onset T2D as a high‐risk group, as recommended in the Primary Care Diabetes Europe position statement.
Oomycetes in rhizosphere soil of ornamental plants from retail nurseries in Southern Sweden
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Blomquist Mimmi , Marchand Marylise , Witzell Johanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrade of herbaceous and woody ornamental plants is recognized as a principal pathway for the introduction of alien plant pathogens, such as soil‐borne Phytophthora and Pythium species (oomycetes). The rhizosphere soil of container‐grown plants obtained from 13 nurseries and garden centres in southern Sweden were sampled and the presence of Phytophthora and Pythium species determined using traditional baiting and isolation. DNA sequencing of isolates revealed five Phytophthora taxa including P. cinnamomi, P. citricola s.l., P. plurivora, P. undulata and a non‐identified Phytophthora sp., as well as Phytopythium cf. citrinum and several species of Pythium. Phytophthora cinnamomi was detected on two different ornamental plants at the same nursery and is a first record of P. cinnamomi in Sweden. The survey revealed that a diversity of potentially pathogenic oomycetes is associated with ornamental plants available for sale in Sweden and emphasizes the need to recognize potential risks if these organisms get introduced in nature.
Being like others vs. being different: Wearable technology and daily practices of 50+ consumers in Russia and Finland
Authors: Morozova Daria , Gurova Olga 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is a qualitative study of consumers aged 50+ and their daily practices connected to wearable devices (smartwatches and fitness trackers). Drawing on the practice theory, we seek to uncover how participation in such practices might enhance users’ well‐being as an integral part of social sustainability. We assume that both ageing and well‐being are not pre‐given but they rather co‐evolve when users of wearables engage in situated practices. Hence, wearables such as smartwatches and fitness trackers might positively reconfigure the existing practices of consumers over 50, or even recruit them into new ones, resulting in higher well‐being and social sustainability. The phenomenon is examined in Russia and Finland, as ageing has been high on the agenda in these countries due to controversial pension and social welfare reforms. Though these countries are different in terms of possibilities (access to medical help, employment, social participation and so forth) for their ageing populations, an active ageing framework with an emphasis on individual responsibility over one’s well‐being has been gaining popularity in both Russia and Finland. This framework is compatible with the use of wearable devices that measure physical activity and basic health characteristics. Based on data elicited through 17 semi‐structured interviews with Russians and Finns aged between 50 and 73 y.o., this study suggests that engagement in practices with wearables might have a positive effect on consumers’ well‐being. This is achieved, for instance, by helping manage one’s daily tasks, reducing stigma that is sometimes attached to ageing individuals and/or boosting feeling of togetherness in social interactions that might decrease with ageing. In addition, an important difference between the two countries lies in how ageing consumers see themselves in relation to other ageing people when using a wearable: in Russia, the use of a wearable can signal one’s social distance from an “average” ageing person, while Finnish consumers regard themselves as doing what everyone of the same age does.
Dy2BaCuO5/Ba4DyCu3O9.09 S‐scheme heterojunction nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities
Authors: Yousefi Seyede Raheleh , Ghanbari Mojgan , Amiri Omid , Marzhoseyni Zeynab , Mehdizadeh Pourya , Hajizadeh‐Oghaz Morteza , Salavati‐Niasari Masoud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemiconductor heterogeneous photocatalysis has been received much attention from the scientific and researchers in the last decade. The combination of two semiconductors with various energy diagram can dramatically enhance the lifetime and separation of the charge carriers, restrain photogenerated electron‐hole recombination, and considerably enhance photocatalytic performance as compared with other single or binary components. In this regard, we introduced the Dy2BaCuO5/Ba4DyCu3O9.09 nanocomposites as active photocatalysts below UV radiation. Dy2BaCuO5/Ba4DyCu3O9.09 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and applied as a catalyst to treat water containing organic pollutions and microorganisms. Dy2BaCuO5/Ba4DyCu3O9.09 nanocomposites degraded Methyl Orange (MO) about 87.0% after 120 min. In addition, these nanocomposites show antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive species, including a pathogenic strain of Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, and a Gram‐negative species, including Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli.