bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Processing or Formation of Water Ice Mantles Affect the Capacity of Nanosilicates to Be the Source of Anomalous Microwave Emission?
Authors: Mariñoso Guiu Joan , Ferrero Stefano , Macià Escatllar Antonio , Rimola Albert , Bromley Stefan T. 
Published: May 2021

Anomalous microwave emission (AME) is detected in many astrophysical environments as a foreground feature typically peaking between 20–30 GHz and extending over a 10–60 GHz range. One of the leading candidates for the source of AME is small spinning dust grains. Such grains should be very small (approx. ≤1 nm diameter) in order for the rotational emission to fall within the observed frequency range. In addition, these nanosized grains should possess a significant dipole moment to account for the observed emissivities. These constraints have been shown to be compatible with spinning bare nanosilicate clusters, assuming that ∼1% of the total Si mass budget is held in these ultrasmall grains. Silicate dust can be hydroxylated by processing in the interstellar medium and is generally known to provide seeds for molecular water ice nucleation in denser regions. Herein, we use quantum chemical calculations to investigate how the dipole moment of Mg-rich pyroxenic (MgSiO3) nanoclusters is affected by both accretion of molecular water and dissociative hydration. Our work thus provides an indication of how the formation of water ice mantles is likely to affect the capacity of nanosilicates to generate AME.
From Coxiella burnetii Infection to Pregnancy Complications: Key Role of the Immune Response of Placental Cells
Authors: Zarza Sandra Madariaga , Mezouar Soraya , Mege Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2021

The infection of pregnant animals and women by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium, compromises both maternal health and foetal development. The placenta is targeted by C. burnetii, as demonstrated by bacteriological and histological evidence. It now appears that placental strains of C. burnetii are highly virulent compared to reference strains and that placental injury involves different types of placental cells. Trophoblasts, the major placental cells, are largely infected by C. burnetii and may represent a replicating niche for the bacteria. The placenta also contains numerous immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Placental macrophages are infected and activated by C. burnetii in an unusual way of M1 polarisation associated with bacterial elimination. Placental mast cells eliminate bacteria through a mechanism including the release of extracellular actin filaments and antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, C. burnetii impairs the maturation of decidual dendritic cells, favouring bacterial pathogenicity. Our aim is to review C. burnetii infections of human placentas, paying special attention to both the action and function of the different cell types, immune cells, and trophoblasts targeted by C. burnetii in relation to foetal injury.
Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in older people: a qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Denise Ann , Wallis Katharine Ann , Feki Sione , Moala Sione Sengili , Latu Manusiu , Fanueli Elizabeth Fono , Saravanakumar Padmapriya , Wells Susan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDespite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations becoming more widely available for people aged ≥75 years, views of older people on CVD risk assessment are unknown.AimTo explore older people’s views on CVD risk prediction and its assessment.Design and settingQualitative study of community-dwelling older people in New Zealand.MethodA diverse group of older people was purposively recruited. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.ResultsThirty-nine participants (mean age 74 years) of Māori, Pacific, South Asian, and European ethnicities participated in one of 26 interviews or one of three focus groups. Three key themes emerged: poor knowledge and understanding of CVD and its risk assessment; acceptability and perceived benefit of knowing and receiving advice on managing personal CVD risk; and distinguishing between CVD outcomes — stroke and heart attack are not the same. Most participants did not understand CVD terms, but were familiar with the terms ‘heart attack’ and ‘stroke’, and understood lifestyle risk factors for these events. Participants valued CVD outcomes differently, fearing stroke and disability — which might adversely affect independence and quality of life — but were less concerned about a heart attack, which was perceived as causing less disability or swifter death. These findings and preferences were similar across ethnic groups. All but two participants wanted to know their CVD risk, how to manage it, and distinguish between CVD outcomes. Those who did not wish to know perceived this as something only their God could decide.ConclusionTo inform clinical decision making for older people, consideration of an individual’s wish to know their risk is important, and risk prediction tools should provide separate event types rather than just composite outcomes.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor Pada Ibu Hamil Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA)
Authors: Misrawati Misrawati , Marliah Marliah 
Published: May 2021

Pengantar; pada kehamilan normal disertai dengan peningkatan metabolism dan kebutuhan oksigen tinggi untuk oksigen jaringan yang dapat menghasilkan peningkatan stress oksidatif. Tujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberianFe dan tepung daun kelor terhadap kadar malondialdehyde pada ibu hamil. Metode; desain percobaan murni dengan rancangan prauji dan pascauji dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada pengaruh tepung daun kelor terhadap kadar malondialdehyde setelah implentasi dengan p value 0,028. Pada kelompok Fe setelah impementasi dengan p value 0,492. Tidak ada pengaruh pemberian Fe terhadap kadar MDA. Setelah implementasi diperoleh rata-rata penurunan kadar malondialdehyde pada kelompok tepung daun kelor sebesar 2,16± 2,21 nmol/ml, kelompok Fe sebesar -0,42± -1,65nmol/ml. Kesimpualn; pemberian tepung daun kelor dapat menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde pada ibu Hamil
Channeled implantation of magnesium ions in gallium nitride for deep and low-damage doping
Authors: Nishimura Tomoaki , Ikeda Kiyoji , Kachi Tetsu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ion implantation into p-type gallium nitride (GaN) to a depth of several microns for power devices is a challenge because their activation is disturbed by the damage caused by implantation. To reduce this damage, a channeled implantation technique was applied to implant magnesium (Mg) ions into GaN (0001). Compared with random implantation, channeled implantation was demonstrated to implant and activate ions in >10 times deeper regions. Thus, the channeled implantation technique is indispensable for the deep implantation of Mg ions into GaN devices.
Status of Marine Current Energy Conversion in China
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Bahaj AbuBakr S. 
Published: May 2021

Marine current energy conversion (MCEC) technologies are promising renewable energy systems with some full scale and semi-commercial turbines constructed and deployed in several countries around the world. In this work, we present the status of marine current energy and systems in China and policies geared to support these. Over the past ten years the Chinese government has provided a policy framework and financial supports for the development of MCEC technologies of various design philosophies which has resulted in significant technology deployment at sea. A review of these technologies – which have turbine capacities in the range 20 kW to 650 kW, mostly tested at sea – is presented in the paper. In addition, the paper also discusses Chinese plans for marine energy test sites at sea to support prototype development and testing and concludes with a view of future prospects for the marine energy technology deployment in China.
Abdelkébir Khatibi’s Mediterranean Idiom
Authors: Talbayev Edwige Tamalet 
Published: May 2021

Through its focus on decolonization, Abdelkébir Khatibi’s oeuvre has revealed the Maghreb’s intrinsic plurality—a legacy of intercultural contact that encompasses, yet extends beyond, the trauma of European colonialism. Drawing on the fluctuating principle of the Mediterranean as method, this chapter extends the purview of Khatibi’s “double critique” of any stable concept of origins to include other moments of trans-Mediterranean contact between the Maghreb and the West—moments preceding the watershed of colonialism and conveying other logics of interaction than European domination. Khatibi has written that his core concept of bi-langue functions as a means “to enter into the telling of forgetting and of anamnesia […] ‘I am an/other’ i[s] an idiom that I owe it to myself to invent” (“Diglossia” 158). This chapter probes the form that this anamnestic idiom is to take, beyond Manichean visions of being and belonging, in the density of the Maghreb’s marge en éveil—as the point of inception of a transcultural heuristic tethered to the contiguous space of the Mediterranean Sea and its manifold, multi-directional histories. In the vertiginous space of the interlangue (the point of contact between two languages, here conceived as “the space between two exteriorities” [ibid.]), the revised conception of bi-langue that this chapter proposes concerns itself with the resurrection of an alternative, deep-rooted idiom, one incommensurable to the languages in which writing occurs. This post-traumatic, Mediterranean form of expression moves beyond melancholia to open the bi-langue to the pluri-langue and disseminate it beyond the strictures of the colonial relation. By taking account of the “historical churning of between people, between civilizations” (ibid.) in the embracing space of the Mediterranean, this discourse gives shape to a revivified Maghrebi memory in all its sedimented density.
Khatibi and the Transcolonial Turn
Authors: Harrison Olivia C. 
Published: May 2021

The Palestinian question has played a seminal if neglected role in Abdelkébir Khatibi’s writings, from the central notion of a “plural Maghreb” to his musings on language, colonialism, and “pensée-autre,” an expression he initially coined in response to the massacre of Palestinian fighters by Jordanian troops in 1970. This chapter examines the central importance of the Palestinian question in Khatibi’s writings, from his 1974 polemic Vomito blanco to his exchanges with Jacques Hassoun and Jacques Derrida in the 1980s and 90s, and argues that Khatibi was a precursor in what we might call the transcolonial turn.
Abdelkébir Khatibi
Authors: McNeece Lucy Stone 
Published: May 2021

Despite the considerable acclaim that Khatibi’s work has received, critics are frequently challenged to describe it. It is often considered « hybrid, » because it cannot be contained by the genres and categories of thought that we associate with Literature. I will argue that Khatibi’s work is less hybrid than « hermetic, » and that the difficulty felt in classifying or even analyzing his writing, is due to the presence of echoes and traces of archaic traditions. Khatibi devoted years of his life to studying other cultures as well as his own, finding that it was a rich fabric of varied influences, just as he found that other cultures bear material traces of many buried encounters.
The influences present in Khatibi’s writing include Sufism, the traditions of Asia, such as the Tao and the Vedas, but also the esoteric sciences originating in Mesopotamia and Egypt that found their way to Greece, and which were revised and translated by Arabs and Eastern Christians. These entered into Europe from Andalusia and also through Italy, under the sponsorship of the Medicis, and contributed substantially to the revolution in the arts and sciences of the Renaissance.
These cultures entertained a different relation to signs and images than that which has predominated since the Enlightenment in Europe. They also had a less binary and hierarchised conception of the world and man’s place in it. They imagined the universe as the space of a continuous transformation of diverse elements, a view opposed to that of the rational individual as master of his environment. Ostracized by the Church and the State, they remained in shadow, treated as heresies. I will try to show that many of the unorthodox traits of Khatibi’s thought and writing can be attributed to the influence of these archaic traditions, whose poetic and ethical values have much to teach us in the modern world.
The Artist’s Journey, or, the Journey as Art
Authors: Hiddleston Jane 
Published: May 2021

Khatibi’s notion of the ‘étranger professionnel’, well known for its conceptualisation in Figures de l’étranger dans la littérature française and for its dramatisation in Un Eté à Stockholm, is a compelling signifier for his commitment to transnational thinking. This chapter will explore how his later, and perhaps most accomplished novel, Pèlerinage d’un artiste amoureux, gives fuller expression to the association between travel, creativity, cultural dialogue and free thinking that runs throughout his work. Based on the life of the author’s grandfather, the narrative traces the sculptor’s journey of pilgrimage to Mecca as well as his continued journeying around Morocco and through life. The artist’s aesthetic vision is explored throughout through his encounters with other cultures, through his reflections on history and on religion, and through his relationships with women. All the multiple dimensions of Khatibi’s previous works come to play in this novel, from anticolonialism to the critique of theocracy, and from transnationalism to spiritual communality, but it is significant that it is art – a figure also for Khatibi’s own literary writing – that shapes and enhances the protagonist’s mode of apprehending these issues. The text can be read in many ways as a synthesis and elaboration of Khatibi’s multiple philosophical preoccupations, which at the same time are reunited here in the work’s depiction of the creative vision.
Poetry & Money
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: May 2021

Poetry & Money: A Speculation is a study of relationships between poets, poetry, and money from Chaucer to contemporary times. It begins by showing how trust is essential to the creation of value in human exchange, and how money can, depending on conditions, both enable and disable such trustfully collaborative generations of value. Drawing upon a vast range of poetry for its exemplifications, the book includes studies of poetic hardship, religious verse and debt redeeming, the South Sea Bubble and the financial revolution, debates upon metallic and paper currency in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as modernist struggles with the gold standard, depression, inflation, and the realised groundlessness of exchange value. With its practitioner’s attention to the minutiae of poetic technique, it considers analogies between words and coins, and between poetic rhythm and the circulation of currencies in an economy. Through its close readings of poems over many centuries directly or indirectly engaged with money, it proposes ways in which, while we cannot escape monetary economies, we can resist, to some extent, being ensnared and diminished by them – through a fresh understanding of values money may serve to enable, ones which are nevertheless beyond price.
In Opposite Directions: A. Alvarez and Thom Gunn
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on literary journalist A. Alvarez and his views on the work of Thom Gunn. Alvarez, who was appointed poetry editor of the Observer in 1956, was primarily an academic through much of the 1950s. He studied and taught at Oxford and at Princeton, where he was a protégé of R. P. Blackmur. His university posts resulted in two critical books aimed largely at an academic audience: The Shaping Spirit (1958) about the poetry of English and American modernism, and The School of Donne (1960) on the metaphysical poets. Alvarez was initially an admirer of Gunn, who was as Donnean poet as he could have wished for. He would later change his mind, claiming that ‘apart from a handful of early poems, Gunn has never shown much interest in the style of exacerbated intensity that attracted his Cambridge contemporary, Ted Hughes’.
Anthology-Making
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on poetry anthologies published in the 1950s and 1960s. Robert Conquest's 1956 Macmillan anthology New Lines was responsible for consolidating the arguments and personnel of the Movement in the public mind. This was achieved through his clear taste and agenda, New Lines' limited personnel of just nine poets, and the generous selections from the poets' work it contained. Another anthology published in the same year was G. S. Fraser's Poetry Now, where no less than 74 poets are represented. The contents list reveals that Fraser was acquainted with the work of many poets from all sides of the poetry world, while the introduction reveals him to be well informed on recent poetic trends. Penguin, the biggest British publisher at that time, also drew up a scheme for new poetry anthologies: a new edition of Kenneth Allott's Contemporary Verse; Poetry since the War, a book suggested by [C. B.] Cox and [A. E.] Dyson of the Critical Quarterly; and An Anthology of Twentieth Century Lyrics with an emphasis on the Georgian style and its inheritors to be edited by one John Smith.
Against Extremism
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers the attacks against Alvarez's extremism. In the 1960s and 1970s, there appeared something like a sub-genre devoted to attacking the notion of extremism in verse. Charles Tomlinson's ‘Against Extremity’, from his 1969 collection The Way of the World, was particularly outspoken and unpleasant, referring to how ‘That girl’ who nearly took her own life before writing a book. Roy Fisher, a late modernist poet also declared: ‘The poets are dying because they have been told to die’. The fiercest and most comprehensive sally came from a bright young Scottish academic named Veronica Forrest-Thomson, who inveighed against: the suicide merchants who say in effect, ‘no one can become a great poet unless he has at least tried killing himself’. The chapter goes on to discuss the similarities between Sylvia Plath and Forrest-Thomson, as well as the latter's poetry.
Costing Seriousness
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes the language of seriousness in the poetry of Peter Porter. For instance, ‘Seahorses’, from 1969's A Porter Folio, a poem in which Porter recalls finding seahorses upon the beach in the Australia of his childhood, includes the thought of how sometimes they were ‘like a suicide wreathed in fine /Sea ivy and bleached sea roses /One stiff but apologetic in its trance’. The poem ‘Seaside Resort’, from 1972's Preaching to the Converted, half mourns the passing of the Victorian age and the age of seriousness that succeeded an age of faith while Porter's collection The Cost of Seriousness brings questions of seriousness and its cost to a head.
‘I Don’t Like Dramatizing Myself’
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers the poetry of Thom Gunn. While discussing ‘The Gas Poker’ a poem from his last volume, 2000's Boss Cupid, Gunn remarked: ‘I don't like dramatizing myself. I don't want to be Sylvia Plath. The last person I want to be!’ The chapter examines the reasons behind this remark. It looks at ‘Expression’, a poem from his 1982 collection The Passages of Joy, suggesting that the lack of expression emanating from its mother and son has its correlative in the lack of direct expression in Gunn's verse of his relationship to his mother and to the manner of her death. Following a surfeit of histrionic emotionalism and suicide in early life, Gunn had little cause to seek it out in art and sought a mentor who would make poetic theory and practice a bulwark against them.
Birthday Letters
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes Ted Hughes' Birthday Letters. Birthday Letters put a poet, now of the 1990s, in correspondence with his younger self and the younger Plath. The poems comment on, allude to, contradict, or compete with those of Plath. There is a certain amount of putting facts right, a settling of scores that relates to the two poets' marriage and to the intrusion of others' biographical speculation about that marriage. Most of the verse in Birthday Letters is technically free, but, like so much mainstream contemporary poetry, it likes to keep the pentameter in sight, and much of it functions at a very low pressure. Indeed, the majority of the book's poems can be read more or less like prose. If the trouble with poetry of the 1960s and 1970s is too much striving for intensity of effect, the problem here is too little. Furthermore, most of the poems' artifice, their particularly poetic features, can, with the exception of some heavy-handed symbolism, be more or less ignored.
Geoffrey Hill’s New Poetry
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the poetry of Geoffrey Hill, a poet of the New Poetry generation who has over the last two decades been more active and in some ways more extremist than he ever was before. From 1996's Canaan on, the costive impersonality of Hill's earlier work has been shredded to reveal a poet more nakedly rivalrous and rancorous, more overtly ungenteel, more flagrantly assertive of bad taste and distaste than he ever was before. Hill has not been reckless with the details of his intimates, but, making his age, his depression, and its medication the subject for verse, he is much closer to Plath's domain than he once was. Indeed, in his poetry, the ethical problem of relating to portrayals of human suffering in the world and in history has taken on a much more personal colouring.
Children of The New Poetry
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter argues that the offsprings of The New Poetry have neither the nerve nor nous to have both the fierce partiality and the representativeness of Alvarez. Its Penguin successor, Blake Morrison and Andrew Motion's Penguin Book of Contemporary British Verse, was ultimately a consolidation of a dominant taste more than an argument for a fresh one. The oft-stated complaint about the younger poets championed in their book is that their work was merely a continuation of the Movement by flashier device, but in truth a number of them are better seen as children of The New Poetry. Bloodaxe, a specialist poetry house, has for the last two decades taken upon itself to publish generation-defining anthologies. Its own The New Poetry borrowed Alvarez's title, if not his sense of purpose, but drew heavily on the format and ethos of Edward Lucie-Smith, if not his evaluative sense. The editors assembled work which often showed the influence of Paul Muldoon as well as the New York Poets, whose sense of play, even of fun, is much more clearly at odds with the spirits of Alvarez and of Conquest than are the influences of the Motion/Morison book.
The Spectral Reclassification of Nearby (z < 0.02) Type IIn Supernovae
Authors: Ransome Conor L. , Habergham-Mawson Stacey M. , Darnley Matthew J. , James Philip A. , Filippenko Alexei. V. , Schlegel Eric. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are an enigmatic subclass of SNe that show heterogeneity in their photometric and spectroscopic properties. Complex, multi-component Balmer line profiles are a defining property of SNe IIn. Perhaps owing to the heterogeneity in the SN IIn class, online databases often conflict and hold outdated or erroneous classifications. This is compounded by SN “impostors” and H ii region contamination. We outline a classification scheme based on multi-component Hα profiles and apply it to a sample of 115 nearby (redshift z < 0.02) SNe that have held a SN IIn classification on the Open Supernova Catalogue (OSC). We find that 25 of our transients were misclassified as SNe IIn. We also note that there is disagreement between OSC and the Transient Name Server for 51 of the transients.