bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Errors of Estimating Oceanic Eddy Kinetic Energy
Authors: Zhou Guidi , Cheng Xuhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen evaluating the kinetic energy of the eddy field, using a flow‐decomposition method to split the eddies from the mean‐flow is often necessary. However, the kinetic energies of the eddy and mean‐flow may not sum up to the total energy, because of the existence of a third term, the residual kinetic energy (RKE). This paper attempts to thoroughly assess the RKE from both theoretical and observational perspectives. It is shown that the instantaneous RKE can be quite large, therefore should not be ignored in the time‐varying energetics. The Reynolds decomposition, however, eliminate the time‐mean RKE. It is thus a good practice to study the energy budget in the sense of time‐mean. A running piece‐wise Reynolds decomposition is proposed to allow for choosing the scales of interest while retaining the feature of zero mean RKE. Another decomposition method, the temporal filtering using spectral truncation, are inspected in detail. Based on 26‐years realistic ocean observations, it is found that the ratio between the mean RKE and mean total energy (the Mean Residual Energy Error [MREE]) depends on the spectral shape, the cutoff period, and the available data length. Maximum MREE for cutoff period of 1 year is about 20%. Spatially, the MREE concentrates in zonal bands migrating poleward with increasing cutoff period. MREE from the temporal and spatial coarse‐graining filters with the boxcar and Gaussian kernels are also evaluated. The necessity to estimate the MREE before analyzing the energy budget is emphasized, lest the RKE takes up a non‐negligible portion.
Altered temporal, but intact spatial, features of transient network dynamics in psychosis
Authors: Wang Danhong , Peng Xiaolong , Pelletier-Baldelli Andrea , Orlov Natasza , Farabaugh Amy , Nasr Shahin , Eryilmaz Hamdi , Fava Maurizio , Holmes Avram J. , Roffman Joshua L. , Liu Hesheng , Holt Daphne J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContemporary models of psychosis suggest that a continuum of severity of psychotic symptoms exists, with subthreshold psychotic experiences (PEs) potentially reflecting some genetic and environmental risk factors shared with clinical psychosis. Thus, identifying abnormalities in brain activity that manifest across this continuum can shed new light on the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we investigated the moment-to-moment engagement of brain networks (“states”) in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and PEs and identified features of these states that are associated with psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Transient brain states were defined by clustering “single snapshots” of blood oxygen level-dependent images, based on spatial similarity of the images. We found that individuals with SCZ (n = 35) demonstrated reduced recruitment of three brain states compared to demographically matched healthy controls (n = 35). Of these three illness-related states, one specific state, involving primarily the visual and salience networks, also occurred at a lower rate in individuals with persistent PEs (n = 22), compared to demographically matched healthy youth (n = 22). Moreover, the occurrence rate of this marker brain state was negatively correlated with the severity of PEs (r = −0.26, p = 0.003, n = 130). In contrast, the spatial map of this state appeared to be unaffected in the SCZ or PE groups. Thus, reduced engagement of a brain state involving the visual and salience networks was demonstrated across the psychosis continuum, suggesting that early disruptions of perceptual and affective function may underlie some of the core symptoms of the illness.
FBXO32 links ubiquitination to epigenetic reprograming of melanoma cells
Authors: Habel Nadia , El-Hachem Najla , Soysouvanh Frédéric , Hadhiri-Bzioueche Hanene , Giuliano Serena , Nguyen Sophie , Horák Pavel , Gay Anne-Sophie , Debayle Delphine , Nottet Nicolas , Béranger Guillaume , Paillerets Brigitte Bressac-de , Bertolotto Corine , Ballotti Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUbiquitination by serving as a major degradation signal of proteins, but also by controlling protein functioning and localization, plays critical roles in most key cellular processes. Here, we show that MITF, the master transcription factor in melanocytes, controls ubiquitination in melanoma cells. We identified FBXO32, a component of the SCF E3 ligase complex as a new MITF target gene. FBXO32 favors melanoma cell migration, proliferation, and tumor development in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis shows that FBXO32 knockdown induces a global change in melanoma gene expression profile. These include the inhibition of CDK6 in agreement with an inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion upon FBXO32 silencing. Furthermore, proteomic analysis identifies SMARC4, a component of the chromatin remodeling complexes BAF/PBAF, as a FBXO32 partner. FBXO32 and SMARCA4 co-localize at loci regulated by FBXO32, such as CDK6 suggesting that FBXO32 controls transcription through the regulation of chromatin remodeling complex activity. FBXO32 and SMARCA4 are the components of a molecular cascade, linking MITF to epigenetics, in melanoma cells.
Kdm2a deficiency in macrophages enhances thermogenesis to protect mice against HFD-induced obesity by enhancing H3K36me2 at the Pparg locus
Authors: Chen Longmin , Zhang Jing , Zou Yuan , Wang Faxi , Li Jingyi , Sun Fei , Luo Xi , Zhang Meng , Guo Yanchao , Yu Qilin , Yang Ping , Zhou Qing , Chen Zhishui , Zhang Huilan , Gong Quan , Zhao Jiajun , Eizirik Decio L. , Zhou Zhiguang , Xiong Fei , Zhang Shu , Wang Cong-Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKdm2a catalyzes H3K36me2 demethylation to play an intriguing epigenetic regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Herein we found that myeloid-specific knockout of Kdm2a (LysM-Cre-Kdm2af/f, Kdm2a−/−) promoted macrophage M2 program by reprograming metabolic homeostasis through enhancing fatty acid uptake and lipolysis. Kdm2a−/− increased H3K36me2 levels at the Pparg locus along with augmented chromatin accessibility and Stat6 recruitment, which rendered macrophages with preferential M2 polarization. Therefore, the Kdm2a−/− mice were highly protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, and featured by the reduced accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages and repressed chronic inflammation following HFD challenge. Particularly, Kdm2a−/− macrophages provided a microenvironment in favor of thermogenesis. Upon HFD or cold challenge, the Kdm2a−/− mice manifested higher capacity for inducing adipose browning and beiging to promote energy expenditure. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of Kdm2a-mediated H3K36 demethylation in orchestrating macrophage polarization, providing novel insight that targeting Kdm2a in macrophages could be a viable therapeutic approach against obesity and insulin resistance.
Generation of HIV-resistant cells with a single-domain antibody: implications for HIV-1 gene therapy
Authors: Jin Hongliang , Tang Xiaoran , Li Li , Chen Yue , Zhu Yuanmei , Chong Huihui , He Yuxian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cure or functional cure of the “Berlin patient” and “London patient” indicates that infusion of HIV-resistant cells could be a viable treatment strategy. Very recently, we genetically linked a short-peptide fusion inhibitor with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment signal, rendering modified cells fully resistant to HIV infection. In this study, GPI-anchored m36.4, a single-domain antibody (nanobody) targeting the coreceptor-binding site of gp120, was constructed with a lentiviral vector. We verified that m36.4 was efficiently expressed on the plasma membrane of transduced TZM-bl cells and targeted lipid raft sites without affecting the expression of HIV receptors (CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4). Significantly, TZM-bl cells expressing GPI-m36.4 were highly resistant to infection with divergent HIV-1 subtypes and potently blocked HIV-1 envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion and cell-cell viral transmission. Furthermore, we showed that GPI-m36.4-modified human CEMss-CCR5 cells were nonpermissive to both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 isolates and displayed a strong survival advantage over unmodified cells. It was found that GPI-m36.4 could also impair HIV-1 Env processing and viral infectivity in transduced cells, underlying a multifaceted mechanism of antiviral action. In conclusion, our studies characterize m36.4 as a powerful nanobody that can generate HIV-resistant cells, offering a novel gene therapy approach that can be used alone or in combination.
An eye-tracking study of letter-sound correspondence in Japanese-speaking 2- to 3-year-old toddlers
Authors: Higuchi Hiroki , Okumura Yuko , Kobayashi Tessei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough the acquisition of letter-sound correspondences is a critical step in reading development, how and when children develop such correspondence remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we focused on Japanese hiragana letters to examine the implicit letter-sound correspondence using an eye-tracking technique for 80 Japanese-speaking toddlers. The results showed that 32- to 48-month-olds (but not 24- to 32-month-olds) directed their gaze at the target letter. An additional experiment on a letter-reading task showed that 32- to 40-month-olds could barely read the presented hiragana letters. These findings suggest that toddlers have already begun to grasp implicit letter-sound correspondences well before actually acquiring the ability to read letters.
Active auroral arc powered by accelerated electrons from very high altitudes
Authors: Imajo Shun , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Kazama Yoichi , Asamura Kazushi , Shinohara Iku , Shiokawa Kazuo , Kasahara Yoshiya , Kasaba Yasumasa , Matsuoka Ayako , Wang Shiang-Yu , Tam Sunny W. Y. , Chang Tzu‑Fang , Wang Bo‑Jhou , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Jun Chae-Woo , Shoji Masafumi , Nakamura Satoko , Kitahara Masahiro , Teramoto Mariko , Kurita Satoshi , Hori Tomoaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBright, discrete, thin auroral arcs are a typical form of auroras in nightside polar regions. Their light is produced by magnetospheric electrons, accelerated downward to obtain energies of several kilo electron volts by a quasi-static electric field. These electrons collide with and excite thermosphere atoms to higher energy states at altitude of ~ 100 km; relaxation from these states produces the auroral light. The electric potential accelerating the aurora-producing electrons has been reported to lie immediately above the ionosphere, at a few altitudes of thousand kilometres1. However, the highest altitude at which the precipitating electron is accelerated by the parallel potential drop is still unclear. Here, we show that active auroral arcs are powered by electrons accelerated at altitudes reaching greater than 30,000 km. We employ high-angular resolution electron observations achieved by the Arase satellite in the magnetosphere and optical observations of the aurora from a ground-based all-sky imager. Our observations of electron properties and dynamics resemble those of electron potential acceleration reported from low-altitude satellites except that the acceleration region is much higher than previously assumed. This shows that the dominant auroral acceleration region can extend far above a few thousand kilometres, well within the magnetospheric plasma proper, suggesting formation of the acceleration region by some unknown magnetospheric mechanisms.
Pleural cytokines MIF and MIP-3α as novel biomarkers for complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema
Authors: Yang Chia-Yu , Kuo Yu-Hsuan , Chen Min , Wang Chih-Liang , Shih Li-Jane , Liu Yu-Ching , Hsueh Pei-Chun , Lai Yi-Hsuan , Chu Chi-Ming , Wu Chih-Ching , Wu Kuo-An 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with complicated parapneumonic effusion (CPPE)/empyema have high morbidity and mortality, particularly when adequate management is delayed. We aimed to investigate novel dysregulated cytokines that can be used as biomarkers for infectious pleural effusions, especially for CPPE/empyema. Expression of 40 cytokines in parapneumonic effusions (PPE) was screened in the discovery phase, involving 63 patients, using a multiplex immunobead-based assay. Six cytokines were subsequently validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). We then used ELISA to further evaluate the diagnostic values and cutoff values of these cytokines as potential biomarkers in an expanded group that included 200 patients with uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion (UPPE), CPPE, empyema, transudates, other exudates, and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The pleural levels of four cytokines (MIF, MIP-3α, IL-1β, ENA-78) were highest and significantly increased in CPPE/empyema compared with those in other etiologies. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the four cytokines (MIF, MIP-3α, IL-1β, and ENA-78) had areas under the curve (AUCs) greater than 0.710 for discriminating parapneumonic pleural effusion from noninfectious pleural effusions. In a comparison of nonpurulent CPPE with UPPE, logistic regression analysis revealed that pleural fluid MIF ≥ 12 ng/ml and MIP-3α ≥ 4.3 ng/ml had the best diagnostic value; MIF also displayed the highest odds ratio of 663 for nonpurulent CPPE, with 97.5% specificity, 94.44% sensitivity, and an AUC of 0.950. In conclusion, our results show that elevated MIF and MIP-3α may be used as novel biomarkers for PPE diagnosis, particularly in patients with CPPE/empyema; the findings indicate that dysregulated cytokine expression may provide clues about the pathogenesis of pleural infection.
Association of serotonin system-related genes with homicidal behavior and criminal aggression in a prison population of Pakistani Origin
Authors: Qadeer Muhammad Imran , Amar Ali , Huang Yung-Yu , Min Eli , Galfalvy Hanga , Hasnain Shahida , Mann J. John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), 5-HT2A (HTR2A) and 5-HT2B (HTR2B) recepter genes, express proteins that are important regulators of serotonin reuptake and signaling, and thereby may contribute to the pathogenesis of aggressive criminal behavior. 370 sentenced murderers in Pakistani prisons and 359 men without any history of violence or criminal delinquency were genotyped for six candidate polymorphisms in SLC6A4, HTR2A and HTR2B genes. An association of higher expressing L/L and LA/LA variants of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was observed with homicidal behavior (bi-allelic: OR = 1.29, p = 0.016, tri-allelic: OR = 1.32, p = 0.015) and in the murderer group only with response to verbal abuse (OR = 2.11, p = 0.015), but not with other measures of self-reported aggression. L/L and LA/LA genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism were associated with higher aggression scores on STAX1 scale of aggression compared to lower expressing genotypes (S/S, S/LG, LG/LG) in prison inmates. No associations were apparent for other serotonergic gene polymorphisms analyzed. Using the Braineac and GTEx databases, we demonstrated significant eQTL based functional effects for rs25531 in HTTLPR and other serotonergic polymorphisms analyzed in different brain regions and peripheral tissues. In conclusion, these findings implicate SLC6A4* HTTLPR as a major genetic determinant associated with criminal aggression. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding and establish the biologic intermediate phenotypes mediating this relationship.
The adsorptive behaviour of kaolinite to sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and the structural variation of kaolinite
Authors: Ni Xiaoming , Zhao Zheng , Li Zhiheng , Li Quanzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalysis of the adsorptive behaviour of kaolinite to sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) at different concentrations can provides a basis for selecting the best concentration. The adsorptive capacity and adsorptive behaviour of kaolinite to SDBS at different concentrations were studied using ultraviolet spectrophotometer, pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model, and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study the variation characteristics of surface structure, crystallinity indices, and main functional groups on kaolinite before, and after, adsorption. The results show that as the SDBS concentration increase, the adsorptive capacity of kaolinite to SDBS increase. The adsorption process can be accurately fitted by the pseudo-secondary adsorption kinetic model, which means the adsorptive behaviour was mainly chemical in origin. The adsorption of SDBS by kaolinite mainly occurs on the surface. The solidification, lamellar aggregation, and crystallinity index of kaolinite are more obvious after the adsorption of SDBS, but the interlayer spacing of kaolinite did not change to any significant. After the adsorption of SDBS, the intensity ratio of 1000–1008 cm−1 bands changed significantly, indicating the change of the chemical environment, and the adsorptive behaviour was chemical.
The importance of curve severity, type and instrumentation strategy in the surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an in silico clinical trial on 64 cases
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Cina Andrea , Panico Matteo , Bassani Tito 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine which is frequently corrected with the implantation of instrumentation with generally good or excellent clinical results; mechanical post-operative complications such as implant loosening and breakage are however relatively frequent. The rate of complications is associated with a lack of consensus about the surgical decision-making process; choices about the instrumentation length, the anchoring implants and the degree of correction are indeed mostly based on personal views and previous experience of the surgeon. In this work, we performed an in silico clinical trial on a large number of subjects in order to clarify which factors have the highest importance in determining the risk of complications by quantitatively analysing the mechanical stresses and loads in the instrumentation after the correction maneuvers. The results of the simulations highlighted the fundamental role of the curve severity, also in its three-dimensional aspect, and of the instrumentation strategy, whereas the length of the fixation had a lower importance.
A multiband circular polarization selective metasurface for microwave applications
Authors: Shah Syed Muhammad Qasim Ali , Shoaib Nosherwan , Ahmed Fahad , Alomainy Akram , Quddious Abdul , Nikolaou Symeon , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research article, a multiband circular polarization selective (CPS) metasurface is presented. A reciprocal bi-layered metasurface is designed by introducing the chirality in the structure. The top layer of the proposed metasurface is composed of circular split-ring resonator with a cross shape structure inside it. The same structure is printed on the bottom side of the proposed metasurface by rotating it at an angle of 90° to achieve chirality in the structure. The proposed metasurface is able to add CPS surface capability between 5.18 and 5.23 GHz for y-polarized incident wave. For the frequency band of 5.18–5.23 GHz, the transmission goes up to − 4 dB, while the polarization extinction ratio (PER) reaches up to − 27.4 dB at 5.2 GHz. Similarly, for x-polarized incident wave, three strategic CPS operating bands are achieved within the frequency ranges of 10.64–10.82 GHz, 12.25–12.47 GHz, and 14.42–14.67 GHz. The maximum PER of 47.16 dB has been achieved for the 14.42–14.67 GHz frequency band at 14.53 GHz. Furthermore, the response of the metasurface does not vary against oblique incidences up to 45°. The simple structure, angular stability, multiband and miniaturized size make this metasurface an outstanding applicant for polarization conversion and biomedical applications.
Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) for noninvasive, depth-dependent blood flow quantification in human tissue in vivo
Authors: Samaei Saeed , Sawosz Piotr , Kacprzak Michał , Pastuszak Żanna , Borycki Dawid , Liebert Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMonitoring of human tissue hemodynamics is invaluable in clinics as the proper blood flow regulates cellular-level metabolism. Time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) enables noninvasive blood flow measurements by analyzing temporal intensity fluctuations of the scattered light. With time-of-flight (TOF) resolution, TD-DCS should decompose the blood flow at different sample depths. For example, in the human head, it allows us to distinguish blood flows in the scalp, skull, or cortex. However, the tissues are typically polydisperse. So photons with a similar TOF can be scattered from structures that move at different speeds. Here, we introduce a novel approach that takes this problem into account and allows us to quantify the TOF-resolved blood flow of human tissue accurately. We apply this approach to monitor the blood flow index in the human forearm in vivo during the cuff occlusion challenge. We detect depth-dependent reactive hyperemia. Finally, we applied a controllable pressure to the human forehead in vivo to demonstrate that our approach can separate superficial from the deep blood flow. Our results can be beneficial for neuroimaging sensing applications that require short interoptode separation.
Anatomy of the Bezymianny volcano merely before an explosive eruption on 20.12.2017
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Plechov Pavel , Mania René , Walter Thomas R. , Smirnov Sergey Z. , Abkadyrov Ilyas , Jakovlev Andrey , Davydova Vesta , Senyukov Sergey , Bushenkova Natalia , Novgorodova Angelika , Stupina Tatyana , Droznina Svetlana Ya. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStrong explosive eruptions of volcanoes throw out mixtures of gases and ash from high-pressure underground reservoirs. Investigating these subsurface reservoirs may help to forecast and characterize an eruption. In this study, we compare seismic tomography results with remote sensing and petrology data to identify deep and subaerial manifestations of pre-eruptive processes at Bezymianny volcano in Kamchatka shortly before its violent explosion on December 20, 2017. Based on camera networks we identify precursory rockfalls, and based on satellite radar data we find pre-eruptive summit inflation. Our seismic network recorded the P and S wave data from over 500 local earthquakes used to invert for a 3D seismic velocity distribution beneath Bezymianny illuminating its eruptive state days before the eruption. The derived tomography model, in conjunction with the presence of the high-temperature-stable SiO2 polymorph Tridymite in juvenile rock samples , allowed us to infer the coexistence of magma and gas reservoirs revealed as anomalies of low (1.5) and high (2.0) Vp/Vs ratios, respectively, located at depths of 2–3 km and only 2 km apart. The reservoirs both control the current eruptive activity: while the magma reservoir is responsible for episodic dome growth and lava flow emplacements, the spatially separated gas reservoir may control short but powerful explosive eruptions of Bezymianny.