bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intergenerational Transmission of Female Labour Force Participation by Gender among Native and Immigrant Europeans: A Focus on Religion
Authors: Stranges Manuela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation from mothers to children. Using data collected by the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018 (N = 118,219), we analyse four different samples of native and immigrant women and men in order to assess the relationship between working mothers and their daughters and sons' wives participation to the labour market. For both native and immigrant women, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability they were employed at the time of survey. Similarly, for both native and immigrant men, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability their wives were employed at the time of the survey. We concentrate our attention on the role of religion. We find that religiosity is negatively related to the participation of women in the labour market, with differences between those who had a working mother and those who had not. Results of some augmented models indicate that the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation varies according to religious affiliation.
Giving feedback on peers’ concept maps as a learning experience: does quality of reviewed concept maps matter?
Authors: Dmoshinskaia Natasha , Gijlers Hannie , de Jong Ton 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiving feedback to peers can be a powerful learning tool because of the feedback provider’s active cognitive involvement with the products to be reviewed. The quality of peers’ products is naturally an important factor that might influence not only the quality of the feedback that is given, but also the learning arising from this process. This experimental study investigated the effect of the level of quality of the reviewed product on the knowledge acquisition of feedback providers, as well as the role of prior knowledge in this. Dutch secondary-school students (n = 77) were assigned to one of three conditions, which varied in the quality of the learning products (concept maps) on which students had to give feedback while working in an online physics inquiry learning environment. Post-test knowledge scores, the quality of students’ own concept maps and the quality of the feedback given were analyzed to determine any effect of condition on the learning of feedback providers. Students providing feedback on the lower-quality concept maps gave better feedback and had higher post-test scores. There was no interaction with level of prior knowledge. Possible implications for practice and further research directions are discussed.
Effects of partial replacement of red by green light in the growth spectrum on photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis in tomato plants
Authors: Trojak Magdalena , Skowron Ernest , Sobala Tomasz , Kocurek Maciej , Pałyga Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe artificial light used in growth chambers is usually devoid of green (G) light, which is considered to be less photosynthetically efficient than blue (B) or red (R) light. To verify the role of G light supplementation in the spectrum, we modified the RB spectrum by progressively replacing R light with an equal amount of G light. The tomato plants were cultivated under 100 µmol m–2 s–1 of five different combinations of R (35–75%) and G light (0–40%) in the presence of a fixed proportion of B light (25%) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Substituting G light for R altered the plant’s morphology and partitioning of biomass. We observed a decrease in the dry biomass of leaves, which was associated with increased biomass accumulation and the length of the roots. Moreover, plants previously grown under the RGB spectrum more efficiently utilized the B light that was applied to assess the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, as well as the G light when estimated with CO2 fixation using RB + G light-response curves. At the same time, the inclusion of G light in the growth spectrum reduced stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and altered stomatal traits, thus improving water-use efficiency. Besides this, the increasing contribution of G light in place of R light in the growth spectrum resulted in the progressive accumulation of phytochrome interacting factor 5, along with a lowered level of chalcone synthase and anthocyanins. However, the plants grown at 40% G light exhibited a decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and consequently, a reduced dry biomass accumulation, accompanied by morphological and molecular traits related to shade-avoidance syndrome.
Maintenance of high quality of life as an indicator of resilience during COVID-19 social distancing among community-dwelling older adults in Finland
Authors: Koivunen Kaisa , Portegijs Erja , Sillanpää Elina , Eronen Johanna , Kokko Katja , Rantanen Taina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced possibilities for activities of choice potentially threatening quality of life (QoL). We defined QoL resilience as maintaining high quality of life and studied whether walking speed, absence of loneliness, living arrangement, and stress-coping ability predict QoL resilience among older people.

Methods
Community-dwelling 75-, 80-, and 85-year-old persons (n = 685) were interviewed and examined in 2017–2018 and were followed up during COVID-19 social distancing in 2020. We assessed QoL using the OPQOL-brief scale and set a cut-off for ‘constant high’ based on staying in the highest baseline quartile over the follow-up and categorized all others as having ‘low/moderate’. Perceived restrictiveness of the social distancing recommendations was examined with one item and was categorized as ‘yes’ or ‘no’ restrictiveness.

Results
Better stress-coping ability (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14–1.28) and not being lonely (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.48–4.63) increased the odds for constant high QoL from before to amid social distancing, and the odds did not differ according to the perceived restrictiveness of the social distancing recommendations. Higher walking speed predicted constant high QoL only among those perceiving restrictiveness (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.27). Living arrangement did not predict constant high QoL.

Conclusion
During social distancing, psychosocial resources helped to maintain good QoL regardless how restrictive the social distancing recommendations were perceived to be. Better physical capacity was important for constant high QoL only among those perceiving restrictiveness presumably because it enabled replacing blocked activities with open outdoor physical activities.
An analytical Survey of Attack Scenario Parameters on the Techniques of Attack Mitigation in WSN
Authors: Ávila Karen , Sanmartin Paul , Jabba Daladier , Gómez Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSN) were cataloged as one of the most important emerging technologies of the last century and are considered the basis of the Internet of Things paradigm. However, an undeniable disadvantage of WSN is that the resources available for these types of networks, such as processing capacity, memory, and battery, are usually in short supply. This limitation in resources implements security mechanisms a difficult task. This work reviews 93 recent proposals in which different solutions were formulated for the different attacks in WSN in the network layer; in total, 139 references were considered. According to the literature, these attacks are mainly Sybil, wormhole, sinkhole, and selective forwarding. The main goal of this contribution is to present the evaluation metrics used in the state of the art to mitigate the Sybil, wormhole, sinkhole, and selective forwarding attacks and show the network topologies used in each of these proposals.
The Nature of Adjustments and Monitoring for Students With Special Educational Needs in Mainstream Schools
Authors: Carter Mark , Webster Amanda , Stephenson Jennifer , Waddy Neale , Stevens Robert , Clements Melissa , Morris Talia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current study was conducted to examine the types of adjustments used to support students with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms and how schools monitored the effectiveness of the adjustments they use. A range of stakeholders were interviewed in 22 mainstream schools across New South Wales, Australia, and the interviews were analysed for key themes. Some schools had a narrow focus on a few key areas, with teaching assistants being the most commonly reported adjustment. Few schools used formal formative monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of adjustments. Options for improvement schools could consider include examining the breadth of adjustments, establishing clear measurable goals, considering alternative strategies for use of teaching assistants, and ensuring adjustments are monitored.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRONGLY -REPRESENTABLE MANY-ONE DEGREES
Authors: JACOBSEN-GROCOTT JOSIAH 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
$\eta $
-representations are a way of coding sets in computable linear orders that were first introduced by Fellner in his thesis. Limitwise monotonic functions have been used to characterize the sets with
$\eta $
-representations, and give characterizations for several variations of
$\eta $
-representations. The one exception is the class of sets with strong
$\eta $
-representations, the only class where the order type of the representation is unique.We introduce the notion of a connected approximation of a set, a variation on
$\Sigma ^0_2$
approximations. We use connected approximations to give a characterization of the many-one degrees of sets with strong
$\eta $
-representations as well new characterizations of the variations of
$\eta $
-representations with known characterizations.
Dietary patterns and sarcopenia in elderly adults: the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study
Authors: Wang Xuena , Ye Mingxu , Gu Yeqing , Wu Xiaohui , Meng Ge , Bian Shanshan , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Yawen , Zhang Tingjing , Cheng Jie , Gan Shinan , Ji Tong , Niu Kaijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSarcopenia is a core contributor to several health consequences, including falls, fractures, physical limitations and disability. The pathophysiological processes of sarcopenia may be counteracted with the proper diet, delaying sarcopenia onset. Dietary pattern analysis is a whole diet approach used to investigate the relationship between diet and sarcopenia. Here, we aimed to investigate this relationship in an elderly Chinese population. A cross-sectional study with 2423 participants aged more than 60 years was performed. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, composed of low muscle mass plus low grip strength and/or low gait speed. Dietary data were collected using a FFQ that included questions on 100 food items along with their specified serving sizes. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: sweet pattern, vegetable pattern and animal food pattern. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16·1 %. The higher vegetable pattern score and animal food pattern score were related to lower prevalence of sarcopenia (Ptrend= 0·006 and < 0·001, respectively); the multivariate-adjusted OR of the prevalence of sarcopenia in the highestv. lowest quartiles were 0·54 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·86) and 0·50 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·74), separately. The sweet pattern score was not significantly related to the prevalence of sarcopenia. The present study showed that vegetable pattern and animal food pattern were related to a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults. Further studies are required to clarify these findings.
Sensitivity to microvariation in bilingual acquisition: morphophonological gender cues in Russian heritage language
Authors: Mitrofanova Natalia , Urek Olga , Rodina Yulia , Westergaard Marit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious research on the acquisition of grammatical gender has shown that this property is acquired early in transparent gender systems such as Russian. However, it is not clear to what extent children are sensitive to the assignment cues and to what extent they simply memorize correspondences between frequent lexical items. Furthermore, we do not know if bilingual children are different from monolingual children in this respect. This article reports on a study investigating bilingual children’s sensitivity to gender assignment cues in Russian. A group of 64 bilingual German–Russian children living in Germany participated in the study, as well as 107 monolingual controls in Russia. The elicitation experiments used both real and nonce words, as well as noun phrases with mismatched cues (where the morphophonological shape of the noun cued one gender and the agreement on the modifying adjective another). The results show that both bilinguals and monolinguals are highly sensitive to cues, both to the frequent transparent cues and to more fine-grained gender regularities in situations where there is ambiguity. There is also an age effect, showing that younger children pay more attention to the cue on the noun itself, thus displaying a preference for regular patterns, while older children are more sensitive to gender agreement on other targets.
Shear bond strength analysis and marginal gap evaluation of restoration–tooth interface of aesthetic restorations after simulated Co-60 gamma irradiation
Authors: Tikku Aseem P. , Bhatt Madan L. B. , Painuly Narendra K. , Bharti Ramesh , Bains Rhythm , Misra Sakshma 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Radiotherapy to the head and neck region may cause considerable radiotherapy-induced changes in the surrounding tissues. These changes are oral mucositis, hyposalivation, dental caries, osteoradionecrosis, trismus and overall impact on patients’ quality of life. Tooth-coloured synthetic materials, unlike metallic restoration, did not influence radiation dose distribution. However, their exposure to a gamma radiation therapeutic dose during treatment might cause structural and compositional changes that alter their mechanical and physical properties.

Aim:
This study intends to evaluate the effect of Co 60 gamma rays on shear bond strength and marginal adaptation of already restored tooth surfaces, to help in material selection before the onset of radiotherapy.

Materials and methods:
Hundred freshly extracted human permanent mandibular molar teeth collected and stored in a 0·2% thymol solution for disinfection and were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each, to be tested for the shear bond strength of restoration to dentin and the marginal gap at tooth–restoration interface, respectively.

Results:
ANOVA showed a significant effect of both radiotherapy (F = 40·33, p < 0·001) and restorations (134·00, p < 0·001) on the marginal gap at the interface. In the without radiotherapy group, the mean marginal gap was least in Group Z250, and in with radiation, Bulk Fill has the least mean marginal gap. The mean shear bond strength was comparatively higher for all restorations without radiation than with radiation (p < 0·001).

Findings:
Gamma radiation affects the physical or mechanical properties of tooth structure and the tooth restorative interface. Composites seem to be good restorative material when placed before the onset of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.
Knowledge-Based Stable Roommates Problem: A Real-World Application
Authors: FIDAN MÜGE , ERDEM ESRA 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Stable Roommates problem with Ties and Incomplete lists (SRTI) is a matching problem characterized by the preferences of agents over other agents as roommates, where the preferences may have ties or be incomplete. SRTI asks for a matching that is stable and, sometimes, optimizes a domain-independent fairness criterion (e.g. Egalitarian). However, in real-world applications (e.g. assigning students as roommates at a dormitory), we usually consider a variety of domain-specific criteria depending on preferences over the habits and desires of the agents. With this motivation, we introduce a knowledge-based method to SRTI considering domain-specific knowledge and investigate its real-world application for assigning students as roommates at a university dormitory.
Saturation of Global Terrestrial Carbon Sink Under a High Warming Scenario
Authors: Shi Hao , Tian Hanqin , Pan Naiqing , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Ciais Philippe , Chang Jinfeng , Forrest Matthew , Frieler Katja , Fu Bojie , Gädeke Anne , Hickler Thomas , Ito Akihiko , Ostberg Sebastian , Pan Shufen , Stevanović Miodrag , Yang Jia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe terrestrial carbon sink provides a critical negative feedback to climate warming, yet large uncertainty exists on its long‐term dynamics. Here we combined terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and climate projections, together with climate‐specific land use change, to investigate both the trend and interannual variability (IAV) of the terrestrial carbon sink from 1986 to 2099 under two representative concentration pathways RCP2.6 and RCP6.0. The results reveal a saturation of the terrestrial carbon sink by the end of this century under RCP6.0 due to warming and declined CO2 effects. Compared to 1986–2005 (0.96 ± 0.44 Pg C yr−1), during 2080–2099 the terrestrial carbon sink would decrease to 0.60 ± 0.71 Pg C yr−1 but increase to 3.36 ± 0.77 Pg C yr−1, respectively, under RCP2.6 and RCP6.0. The carbon sink caused by CO2, land use change and climate change during 2080–2099 is −0.08 ± 0.11 Pg C yr−1, 0.44 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1, and 0.24 ± 0.70 Pg C yr−1 under RCP2.6, and 4.61 ± 0.17 Pg C yr−1, 0.22 ± 0.07 Pg C yr−1, and ‐1.47 ± 0.72 Pg C yr−1 under RCP6.0. In addition, the carbon sink IAV shows stronger variance under RCP6.0 than RCP2.6. Under RCP2.6, temperature shows higher correlation with the carbon sink IAV than precipitation in most time, which however is the opposite under RCP6.0. These results suggest that the role of terrestrial carbon sink in curbing climate warming would be weakened in a no‐mitigation world in future, and active mitigation efforts are required as assumed under RCP2.6.
Responses of the Ionosphere and Neutral Winds in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere in the Asian‐Australian Sector to the 2019 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Li Na , Lei Jiuhou , Huang Fuqing , Yi Wen , Chen Jinsong , Xue Xianghui , Gu Shengyang , Luan Xiaoli , Zhong Jiahao , Liu Feifan , Dou Xiankang , Qin Yusong , Owolabi Charles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the neutral winds from meteor radars and the total electron content (TEC) from Beidou Geostationary (GEO) satellites were utilized to study the responses of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and the ionosphere in the Asian‐Australian sector to the recent Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) occurred in the Antarctic polar region during September 2019. It was demonstrated that the ionospheric TEC increased significantly, especially around the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region during this SSW. A pronounced semidiurnal signature in the deviation TEC was observed near the EIA crest region, which was more significant in the southern hemisphere. Meanwhile, the enhancement period of the amplitudes of solar and lunar semidiurnal tides in winds in the mesosphere was coincided with that in TEC. The solar semidiurnal amplitudes increased from about 18 to 35 m/s in the zonal wind and from 15 to 25 m/s in the meridional wind at Mengcheng (33.4°N, 116.5°E, MLAT 27.4°N), and from about 15–38 m/s in the zonal wind at Kunming (25.6°N, 103.6°E, MLAT 19.3°N). The lunar semidiurnal amplitudes increased from 2 to 6 m/s in the zonal wind and from about 3–9 m/s in the meridional wind at Mengcheng, and from about 3–7 m/s in the meridional wind at Kunming, respectively. These indicated that the semidiurnal signature in TEC during the 2019 southern hemisphere SSW could be associated with the SSW induced by the atmospheric semidiurnal tide variations in the mesosphere.
Radiative and Aerodynamic Contribution to Evaporation: Eddy‐Covariance Comparison Between a Plain and a Plateau Lake
Authors: Cui Yifan , Zhang Xueqin , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater surface‐atmosphere interactions play an important role in the climate system on regional and even global scale. Yet, it remains unclear whether radiative or aerodynamic forces contribute more to water surface evaporation, which may lead to different strategies in model parameterization. This study compared the eddy covariance observations taken at two contrasting lakes in China: Poyang Lake (subtropical, plain, and warm) in 2018 and Yamzhog Yum Co (alpine, plateau, and cold) in 2016. Both lakes of similar latitude have similar solar radiation, and Yamzhog Yum Co has a lower atmospheric pressure and air density and a larger temperature difference between water surface and air. Poyang Lake had a total evaporation of 741 mm from 6 May to 31 December 2018, relatively higher than that of Yamzhog Yum Co (677 mm) for the same season in 2016. Evaporation peaked in August for Poyang Lake but in October for Yamzhog Yum Co. The Penman equation disclosed that radiative forces contributed more than aerodynamic forces in both lakes. Evaporation was found to be most sensitive to air temperature in Poyang Lake but to surface net radiation in Yamzhog Yum Co, attributable to their sensitivity differences in iso‐radiative and isothermal conditions. Higher elevation reduced the aerodynamic contribution with lower air temperature and atmospheric pressure in Yamzhog Yum Co. The findings should be useful for understanding different behaviors of lake evaporation under common mechanisms.
The Role of Free‐Tropospheric Moisture Convergence for Summertime Heavy Rainfall in Western Japan
Authors: Tsuji Hiroki , Takayabu Yukari N. , Shibuya Ryosuke , Kamahori Hirotaka , Yokoyama Chie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of vertically integrated water vapor flux convergence (IVFC) in heavy rainfall events in western Japan is investigated by dividing the atmosphere into a boundary layer and free troposphere using the Japan Meteorological Agency's mesoscale gridded analysis product and reanalysis product. Rainfall events are defined by peaks of area‐averaged precipitation. The results show an increase in the free‐tropospheric IVFC more than 15 h before rainfall events, contributing to atmosphere moistening. This preceding moistening is favorable for mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with slantwise ascending deep inflow layers (layer lifting) that produce large precipitation amounts. Appearance frequency of the moist absolutely unstable layer (MAUL) increases around the precipitation peak times, which is especially notable for larger peaks. These results indicate that the free‐tropospheric IVFC contributes to heavy rainfall in western Japan by providing environments favorable for producing and maintaining MAUL, enhancing the organization of MCSs.