bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the influence of consumers’ environmental preference and government policy on EV battery recycling
Authors: Luo Dongkang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
According to Chinese government, the first peak period of EV battery recycling will come soon. Improper disposal of EV batteries will cause a serious damage on the environment. So, reverse supply chain of EV battery recycling should be established. As one of the main bodies of reverse supply chain, consumers play an important role in the recycling of EV batteries. Government policy can regulate EV battery recycling. These factors will have a direct impact on EV manufacturers recycling strategy. To discuss how these factors, influence the recycling strategy exactly, a mathematical is established. Results shows that compared with the government’s reward-penalty mechanism, consumers’ environmental preference is the fundamental driving force for EV manufacturers to recycle EV batteries.
Study on ecological safety evaluation method for pyrolysis residue of oily sludge
Authors: Sun Xuan , Guo Zhiqiang , Zhong Faguo , Wu Zhibin , Yang Penghui , Yu Tao , Qu Chengtun , Li Jinling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The pollutants in the pyrolysis residue of oily sludge are harmful to the ecosystem, so it is necessary to evaluate its ecological security before it is discharged into the ecosystem. The evaluation methods based on physical and chemical indexes and the evaluation methods based on biological toxicity were summarized and compared in order to provide reference for the safety evaluation of the pyrolysis residue of oily sludge.
Analysis on soil ammonia volatilization characteristics of summer maize in northern China
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Xi Jiajia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Summer maize is the main grain crop in northern China, which is of great significance to food security and farmers’ income generation. Due to the arid climate, high wind speed and relatively poor natural conditions in northern China, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in farmland is large but the utilization rate is low, and ammonia volatilization causes serious environmental pollution. This study analyzed and summarized the literature on ammonia volatilization of summer maize from 2000 to 2019, and analyzed the influence of different fertilizer application amount and fertilization period on ammonia volatilization of summer maize by means of regression equation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization, the amount of net ammonia volatilization, the amount of ammonia volatilization and the amount of fertilizer applied in summer maize showed a quadratic function. To control the ammonia volatilization of summer maize, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing period.
Application of Super Absorbent Polymer in the Research of Water-retaining and Slow-release Fertilizer
Authors: Xi Jiajia , Zhang Panpan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Super absorbent polymer is a new type of functional polymer material that has been researched in recent decades. Due to its special structure and water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, it has a broad field of drought resistance, soil improvement and crop protection. It is a new type of soil conditioner and agricultural drought-resistant and water-saving materials. Combining it with fertilizers to prepare agricultural and forestry slow-release fertilizers with water-absorbing and water-retaining functions, it is very good in improving fertilizer utilization and saving water resources. This article summarizes the literature, expounds the research status, existing problems, and future research directions and hot spots of super absorbent resins.
Village development program: The view of “askesiros” in social construction, a development reality of Local Papuan Residents in Manokwari Regency
Authors: Tapi T , Kurnia G , Setiawan I , Sumule A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research purpose was to explore the knowledge and experience of local Papuan towards the village programs. Data was collected from three villages. This research gained the data by using the questionnaires, the focused group discussions (FGD), the observations, and the interviews. The view of life “askesiros” (progress) was an approach to village development that was subjective. Subsequently, it considered the development program as the domain and obligation of the government. Contradictory, the village elite felt that they had the right to enjoy the “askesiros” to accelerate program implementation. The development program needed to start from the village that was the idea from the government (Monuh). Its reason was in the past ten years when the programs destroyed vary profit, minimal participation, and assistance. They had shown a decline in the welfare of the needy population. Therefore, in the appreciating of the cultural value and the meaning of “Askesiros” as “Ororoisa” development (flowing down) needed the willingness and sincerity of the village elite, all program managers, and stakeholders.
Analysis of comparative and competitive advantages of maize, rice and cocoa commodities in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarno J , Hiola F S I , Muhammad N M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to determine the profitability, comparative and competitive advantages, and to analyze the impact of government policies on the competitiveness of maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted in 5 districts on 2019. The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used. Maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo was profitable and feasible to implement; based on the value of private profitability and social profitability and the value of RC-ratio. Maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo had a competitive advantage of 0.74, 0.58 and 0.31 respectively. Maize, lowland rice and cocoa commodities had comparative advantages of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.27 respectively. The results of the PAM analysis showed that regional policies on the three commodities were a disincentive to output. To increase the competitiveness of maize, rice and cocoa farming in Gorontalo, it is necessary to control the output price at the farmer level; so that prices are not manipulated by collectors and the price received is in accordance with the government purchase price. This imply the need to increase technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and improve the quality of results through intensive application, technology assistance and counseling.
Livelihood impacts of the cattle management practices in mixed crop-livestock farming systems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bahar S , Williams L J , Grünbühel C M , van Wensveen M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The research project to increase cattle production was conducted in South Sulawesi, Indonesia as a part of ACIAR funded projects in South Sulawesi (SMAR-2006-061). The project worked in 3 regencies: Bone, Barru and Gowa with four villages in each regency. Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are a vital component of Indonesia’s crop-livestock farming systems. Improving Bali cattle productivity on these smallholdings is essential not only to the Indonesian Government’s beef self sufficiency targets, but also to improving the economic development of farmers living in these regions. However, smallholder farms in the region are usually sized less than two hectares in total; and comprise a mix of crop, forage, livestock and human activities. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of the introduction of cattle management practices on household livelihoods. The result showed that these types of projects may contribute to improved livelihoods in the long-term, but unlikely to be visible in short term.
Predicting the impacts of climate change on Indonesia’s five main horticulture commodities
Authors: Setiyanto A , Pasaribu S M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Global climate change has an enormous impact on agriculture, including horticultural commodities. Banana, oranges, shallot, chilies, and potatoes are among the main horticulture commodities for Indonesian. This study employed a multimarket model of partial equilibrium analysis to investigate the impact of global and environmental climate change on those Indonesia’s five horticulture commodities 2019-2030. The study appraised the impact of climate change by looking at changes in the production and consumption in the national and household level, and net trade at national level. The study revealed that all scenarios show negative impact on national aggregate level of productions and consumptions, however those scenarios can be lower or higher at regional and household levels under climate change compared to a no-climate change scenario in the short and medium term. Import will increase, and all commodities will be as net imported. As an implication, types and characteristics of commodity and regions and households should be strongly considered in research, extension, and development program with improving adaptation and mitigation to climate change. With its unique characteristics, more comprehensive studies for these commodities are recommended. Awareness of the impact of climate change, horticulture subsector needs to be treated in a consistent, comprehensive, and systematic ways.
The addition of biosilica and coconut oil to improve the characteristic of starch-based biofoam packaging
Authors: Wahyuningsih K , Iriani E S , Amalia B 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiofoam (biodegradable foam) is food packaging made of starch with biodegradable characteristic that environmentally friendly. To produce starch-based biofoam with good physical characteristic, requires large amount of starch (30% to 60%) in the formula. To be economical and to reduce the use of starch, it is needed to add filler material. This research aimed to investigate the effect of biosilica and coconut oil addition on the characteristic of cassava starch-based biofoam. Biosilica used as biofiller was extracted from rice husk. In this research, biofoam control (without filler), filled with commercial silica, filled with biosilica and filled with biosilica plus coconut oil were compared. Products were characterized on physical properties namely moisture content, density, color (Chromameter), contact angel (3D-Optic Microscope), crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction) and surface morphology (Scanning Electron Microscope). Meanwhile mechanical properties were measured on compressive strength and tensile strength (ASTM). The result indicated that cassava starch-based biofoam which filled with biosilica and coconut oil were increased its physical and mechanical properties. This type of biofoams have moisture content up to 13.82%, density 17.39%, more mechanical properties and more water resistance. Its compressive strength has increased up to 146% and the tensile strength to 56% compared to control.
The influence of types and moisture contents of coffee beans (Coffea sp) on sphericity and geometric means diameter
Authors: Khansa A P , Bintoro N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Moisture content and particle dimension of coffee beans are the two important characteristics which often needed in many postharvest handling processes. This research was intended to investigate the effect of types and moisture contents on the changes of sphericity and geometric mean diameter of coffee beans. Three different types of coffee beans namely arabica, robusta, and liberica in three moisture contents of 9, 14, and 19% (w.b) were investigated in factorial design 3 x 3 with five replications. The dimensions of coffee bean were determined using ImageJ process and the values of sphericity and geometric mean diameter were then calculated. It was found that bean types, moisture contents, and the interaction between them were strongly affected the dimensions, sphericity, and geometric mean diameters of coffee beans (p<0.05). Robusta was found to have biggest sphericity and geometric mean diameter. As the moisture contents increased, it tends to produce higher geometric mean diameter, but this not applied to sphericity. The relationship between moisture content and sphericity could be expressed as polynomial of degree 2 equations, while geometric mean diameter can be correlated in linear regression equations for all types of coffee beans in this research.
Modelling the respiration rate of mango (cv. Manalagi) during storage under various temperatures and gas compositions
Authors: Rahayu D , Bintoro N , Saputro A D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information on respiration rate of fruit in various temperatures and gas compositions is essential for designing the storage room. The present study aimed to develop respiration rate models of ‘Manalagi’ mango fruit under different temperature and oxygen concentration. Respiration rate was measured with a closed system respirometer at 10, 15 and 28°C of temperature and 3, 10, and 21% of oxygen concentrations. The observed data the used to develop mathematical model based on Michaelis-Menten (MM) with four types of inhibition and an Arrhenius equation. The results indicated that MM models were different for each treatment investigated, among them combination type had the most suitability, however there was no single model which appropriated for all treatments evaluated. Arrhenius equation could be used to describe the effect of temperature on the respiration rate satisfactorily. Three-way repeated measure of statistical analysis confirmed that there was no significant interaction among O2 level, temperature, and measure time in both RO2 and RCO2. However, temperature and O2 concentration of the storage room gave significant effect in both respiration rates of RO2 and RCO2.
Content and potential of rice straw as a mineral source of zinc in ruminant feed
Authors: Suretno N D , Adriyani F Y , Hevrizen R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zinc is essential for growth and cell division (mitosis and meiosis), sperm production, embryo development, and pregnancy. This study aims to determine the Zinc content of three rice varieties and their potential as ruminant feed. The research was done in Central Lampung in June 2020. The experiment used a randomized block design with three varieties and three replications. Each variety (Inpari IR Nutrizinc, Ciherang, Inpari 32) was planted in 50 m2. The variables are plant height (cm), stump height (cm), straw height (cm), straw weight and grain (kg), straw weight/50 m2 (kg), straw weight/ha (kg) and the Zn content in straw. The data obtained were analyzed using the R statistic. The result did not significant differences in all variables. However, Inpari 32 has the highest average plant height, stump height, straw height, and grain weight, while Inpari IR Nutrizinc has the highest average straw weight/ha (7,970.67 ± 1,135.84 kg). The zinc content of Inpari IR Nutrizinc was also the highest at 49.85 ppm/10 g, followed by Inpari 32 (35.40 ppm/10 g), and the lowest was Ciherang (34.08 ppm/10 g). In conclusion, rice straw of Inpari IR Nutrizinc has the potential to be used as a ruminant feed.
Insects identification with convolutional neural network technique in the sweet corn field
Authors: Naufal A P , Kanjanaphachoat C , Wijaya A , Setiawan N A , Masithoh R E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A method to identify the type of insects with accurate and precise results is of importance. Nowadays, an automatic object identification system with increased accuracy, improved speed, and less cost have been developed. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) implementation for image identification or classification can be done by collecting large-scale datasets containing hundreds to millions of images to study the many parameters involved in the network. This research was conducted to develop and apply the CNN model to identify eight species of insects in the sweet corn field in Thailand. Those insects were Calomycterus sp., Rhopalosiphum
maidis, Frankliniella
williamsi, Spodoptera
frugiperda, Spodoptera
litura, Ostrinia
furnacalis, Mythimna
separata, and Helicoverpa
armigera. The CNN model in this research was built with four convolutional layers, which consist of Conv2D, batch normalization, max pooling, dropout sublayer, and a fully-connected layer. in total, 5568 images were trained with 10 trials and different train attempts for each trial, were then tested with 40 images. The result shows that the CNN model has succeeded in identifying images of sweet corn insects with 80% up to 95% prediction accuracy for images with no background.
Impact of land use changes on the water availability in Ciwulan watershed, West Java
Authors: Suroso  , Putudewi A , Ardiansyah  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to see the impact of land use changes in the Ciwulan watershed on river water populations, especially during the dry season for drying. The physical hydrological model was based on Shetran’s physical use by utilizing hydro-climatological data obtained from remote sensing observations from 2001 to 2017. The input data are data on changes in land use and cover, digital elevation models, rainfall data and evaporation as well as land data via HWSD. The most significant land use change occurred in the agricultural land category with an annual increase of 7% from an area of 12 km2 in 2001 to 40.5 km2 in 2017. Land changes with a decreasing trend in area was forest areas with 1% decrease annually, from the initial area of 2001 of 462.5 km2 to 403 km2 in 2017. The smallest change occurs in urban land which tends to be stable in the range of 24 km2. The decline in the water catchment area has an impact on decreasing water availability in the Ciwulan river, especially during the dry season. River discharge during the dry season tends to decrease from over years.
The use of Zalacca seeds and its potential analysis as functional beverage
Authors: Arief R W , Asnawi R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zalacca (Salacca edulis) consists of three main parts namely skin, flesh, and seeds. The most utilize part of zalacca is the meat, while skin and seeds were throwing away as waste. Currently, industries have started to process zalacca seeds into powder that can be brewed as substitute for coffee. However, there still lack scientific research has been done on active compounds of zalacca seeds. This study aimed to observe the active compound of zalaca seeds by observing its flavonoid level, caffeine level, consumer preference level (color, flavor, and taste), and business analysis turning zalacca seed into coffee. Result shows that zalacca seed has flavonoid level of 9.69% and caffeine content of 0.1009%. The formula of 90 : 10 of zalacca seeds and cinnamon powder, respectively, produces the most preferred zalacca seeds coffee compared to other formula. According to business analysis, the zalacca coffee has B/C ratio 2.19 per processing. Based on this study, the coffee made from zalacca seed could be used and claimed as functional beverage.
The effect of coconut sap and skim milk concentration on physicochemical and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt
Authors: Karseno  , Erminawati  , Yanto T , Handayani I 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoconut sap drink yogurt is a fermented product based on coconut sap and skim milk that made by fermentation using lactic acid bacteria ofLactobacillus bulgaricusandStreptococcus thermophilus. This study aimed to determine the effect of concentration of coconut sap and skim milk on physicochemical and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt. The medium fermentation consists of 5% and 10% of skim milk and 0, 10, 30 and 50% of coconut sap. Ten percent of lactic acid bacteria was inoculated into media and it incubated for 6 hours at 37°C. The pH, total acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, viscosity, and sensory characteristic of the product were determined. The results showed that concentration of coconut sap and skim milk affected to pH, total acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, viscosity and sensory characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt. The combination of 10% skim milk and 50% of coconut sap produce better characteristic of coconut sap drink yogurt than other combination. The product showed similar characteristic with commercial yogurt.
The effect of techniques and fermentation time on cocoa beans quality (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Dewandari K T , Rahmawati R , Munarso S J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to know the effect of techniques and fermentation time on of cocoa beans quality. Experiment was conducted using two variables and three replications. Variable fermentation techniques was with two factors; spontaneous and controlled. Variable fermentation time was with three factors namely 72, 120 and 168 hours. Cocoa quality was determined by physical quality test consists of temperature during fermentation. Required quality for common and special beans is in accordance to SNI 2323: 2008. Chemical test for cocoa qualities were fat, moisture content, ash, protein, carbohydrates and pH. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed with Duncan Test. Results showed fermentation techniques and time were significantly affect to temperature, fat contents, ash, pH. Especially the fermentation time, it’s also affect significantly to the moisture and starch. Best result was shown in cocoa beans with controlled fermentation techniques at 72 hours as shown by temperature at 44,67°C, 31,46% fat content, 2,97% moisture, 1,99% ash, 39,37% starch and 5,69 pH. Following this research, better quality of cocoa beans could obtain in the next study using different microorganism (heterofermentative).
The effect of accelerated aging of rough rice with high-temperature storage on color and quality of milled rice
Authors: Millati T , Pranoto Y , Utami T , Bintoro N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The quality of milled rice can be improved through the aging process. Conventional aging takes a long time, so it needs to be accelerated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and duration of accelerated aging of rough rice on the color and quality of milled rice. Accelerated aging was carried out at room temperature, 40, 50, and 60 °C, and duration 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days. Weight loss and moisture content of rough rice during accelerated aging were recorded, while color, degree of milling, total rice yield, and head rice yield of milled rice were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature and time of accelerated aging had an effect on the color and quality of the milled rice. The optimal conditions for improving the color and quality of the milled rice were obtained from the accelerated aging at 40 °C for 12 days.
The influence of variety and explant size on Garlic (Allium sativum L) proliferation using Murashige and Skoog media
Authors: Karjadi A K , Gunaeni N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tissue culture is an aseptic propagation and multiplication technique, it can also eliminate viral systemic conditions that already exist in the plant. Garlic (Allium sativum L) belongs to the genus Allium sp, which is propagated through the clove. The purpose of this study was to observe influenced explant source (Meristem, shoot tip) and the cultivar of galic in proliferation. The media composition were MS with supplement (Sucrose 30 gL−1 + IAA 2 mgL−1 + Kinetin 2 mgL−1 + GA3 0.01 mgL−1 + gelgro 2 gL−1, pH 5.7). The results showed that culture contaminants were generally caused by bacteria and fungi from the explant (endogenous) or improper treatment of surface sterilization. The percentage of proliferation in all varieties of explant shoot tip was higher than meristem, and the abnormal growth for both types of explant were 15 - 35%. Plantlets were infected with OYDV and SYSV in a range between 44.44 - 73.50 %.