bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium Ophthalmic Solution on Intraocular Pressure Following Cataract Extraction
Authors: Strelow Scott A , Sherwood Mark B , Broncato Lorraine J B , Napier Alison , Driebe William T , Guy John R , Vickers Florence F , Mellars Kathleen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ninety-two nonglaucomatous patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens by residents at a Veterans hospital were randomized in double-masked fashion to receive either a topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, diclofenac sodium 0.1%, or a placebo consisting of vehicle only. One drop of placebo or diclofenac sodium 0.1% was administered on an inpatient basis by trained staff every 6 hours for three doses, starting the afternoon prior to surgery. A further drop was given at 90, 60, 30, and 15 minutes before the operation. Starting 24 hours after surgery, all patients received diclofenac sodium 0.1%. All patients remained hospitalized for 72 hours postoperatively. Mean baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) was 14.0 and 14.1 mm Hg in the diclofenac and placebo groups, respectively. IOP rose 8.6 mm Hg in both groups at 6 hours after surgery. At 24 hours, the mean IOP elevation from baseline was 11.3 mm Hg in the diclofenac group and 9.6 mm Hg in the placebo group (P = .47). Within the first 24 hours, IOP spiked more than 10 mm Hg in 57% (26/46) of the diclofenac patients and in 54% (25/46) of the placebo patients.
These results suggest that diclofenac sodium 0.1% drops affect neither the incidence nor the height of IOP elevation following cataract surgery.
Determination of an Appropriate Laser Setting for THC-YAG Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo In Rabbits
Authors: Onda Eiji , Jikihara Shuichi , Kitazawa Yoshiaki , Honbe Kazuhiro , Ando Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To determine an appropriate setting for the THC-YAG laser (chromium-sensitized, thulium, and holmiumdoped YAG laser), we performed sclerostomy ab externo on 24 pigmented rabbits. The laser energy was delivered via a subconjunctivally-inserted fiberoptic probe that was placed at the limbus through a small conjunctival incision. We used four pulseenergy levels to perform the sclerostomies: 80 mJ, 120 mJ, 160 mJ, and 200 mJ. At all these levels, a new outflow pathway was easily created, a filtering bleb was formed, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was immediately reduced. Severe tissue damage around the sclerostomy site occurred with the 160-millijoule and 200-millijoule pulses. The 80-millijoule pulse created a relatively small patent sclerostomy, providing only relatively brief IOP reduction. We conclude that 120-millijoule is the most appropriate laser-pulse energy for use in pigmented rabbits.
Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis Associated With Dual Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Maxwell Donald P , Baber Wilson B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report, to our knowledge for the first time, a dual-strain infection causing endophthalmitis. This case demonstrates the importance of sampling both anterior chamber and vitreous in all cases of endophthalmitis.
Computed Axial Tomography on Highly Myopic Eyes Following Scleral Reinforcement Surgery
Authors: Thompson Frank B , Turner A Franklin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed computed tomography (CT) studies on six patients (with follow up ranging from 8 months to 18 years) following scleral reinforcement surgery, comparing the density of the observed implanted scleral material with both normal human sclera and myopic sclera. Results demonstrated the presence of a material on the posterior pole with a density greater than or equal to the experimentally determined density of ungrafted donor sclera. We conclude that CT is a useful method of evaluating both the position and long-term stability of implanted donor sclera.
Pigmentary Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma: A New Mechanism Concept, A New Treatment, and A New Technique
Authors: Karickhoff John R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Reverse pupillary block is introduced as a new cataract-implant complication and as the principle mechanism in pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG), causing posterior iris bowing and zonular rubbing. This mechanism was investigated by performing laser iridotomy on six patients. Following surgery, the iris moved forward completely and permanently to the planar position. A new technique, locating the iridotomy by transillumination, reduced the laser energy needed for iridotomy. Laser iridotomy located with transillumination is recommended as the treatment for iris-zonular rubbing in PDS and PG caused by reverse pupillary block.
Peripheral Anterior Synechiae Formation With Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Smith S Gregory , Holland Edward , Peterson Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a cross-sectional study, 88 eyes with anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC-IOLs) were evaluated by goniophotography by one masked observer for the presence of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and by another masked observer for the length of the AC-IOL. Sixty-eight of the 88 lenses had PAS which were strongly correlated with the lens being oversized (P <.001). However, differences in haptic style or lens rigidity were not associated with the presence of PAS.
Disruption of the BloodAqueous Barrier by Residual Lens Epithelial Cells After Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Nishi Okihiro , Nishi Kayo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed a clinical study to confirm whether and how residual lens epithelial cells (LECs) participate in postoperative Pseudophakic inflammation, including fibrin reaction. Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients with bilateral cataracts were treated by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. In the eye from which LECs had not been removed, the aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. Flare decreased from an initial peak, increasing again to form a flare spike when LECs came into contact with the PC-IOL and began to undergo fibrous proliferation at 6 to 14 days after surgery. The spike was evidence that the bloodaqueous barrier had been disrupted again. Fibrin reaction developed in two eyes. In the other eye of each pair, from which LECs had been removed by ultrasound aspiration, neither a flare spike nor fibrous proliferation was noted. We conclude that residual LECs break down the blood-aqueous barrier as they proliferate and are involved in postoperative Pseudophakic inflammation.
Complications of Secondary Surgical Capsulotomy in Pseudophakic and Aphakic Eyes
Authors: Léonard Paul A M , Klevering Bert J , de Keizer Robert J W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the complications of surgical capsulotomy in 587 eyes51 aphakic and 536 Pseudophakic. Transient or permanent complications occurred in 20 (3.4%). One eye was seriously damaged by perforation during retrobulbar anesthesia, and another eye was lost due to endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis developed in two other eyes, but it readily resolved with medication. Two eyes had markedly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (> 35 mm Hg), which was associated with the presence viscoelastic material in one eye; in the other eye, elevated IOP was the result of vitreous blocking of the pupillary aperture. Retinal detachments developed in nine patients (eight of whom, a significant number [P = .006], were males). Apart from the eyes in which endophthalmitis developed, all were markedly quiet after the procedure, and pressure elevation was not significant.
Incidence of Inadvertent Perforation in Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Cibis Gerhard W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We conducted a prospective study for over 2 years to determine the incidence of perforations following strabismus surgery. All eyes were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and indentation immediately after surgery in an attempt to identify perforation sites. No cryotherapy or treatment was done. None of the 10 perforations identified was associated with retinal detachment or endophthalmitis. The incidence of perforations was 2.8% on a per-case basis and under 1% on a per-muscle basis.
Devices for the Control of Laser Transmission Across the Sclera During Transscleral Photocoagulation
Authors: Rol Pascal , Fankhauser Franz , Barth Werner , Fankhauser Sylwia , Schwager Michael , Niederer Peter , Zuber Nathalie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Improving the reproducibility of transscleral photocoagulation necessitates controlling the transmission of the laser beam through the sclera. Two factors make such control problematic: the locally increased transparency of the sclera resulting from the contact procedure and the occurrence of time-related relaxation phenomena. Two instruments have been devised to help control these factors. The first is a mechanical compensation unit comprised of magnets and a spring that allows the force exerted on the sclera to be adjusted to between 0.1 and 0.4 N, the pressure being determined by the outer diameter of the contact tip. The second instrument monitors the portion of the aiming beam reflected by the sclera as a means of determining the exact level of power actually transmitted through it. This information theoretically could be fed back to the treatment laser, allowing the level of power being delivered to be adjusted accordingly.
Canaliculocystostomy Combining Microsurgery and Fibrin Sealing of the Anastomosis
Authors: Steinkogler Franz Josef 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I present a method of using fibrin sealing for anastomosis in canaliculocystostomy. A microsurgical resection of the stenosis of the common canaliculus is followed by silicone intubation of the lacrimal apparatus and fibrin sealing of the anastomosis of the canaliculi and the lacrimal sac. The silicone tube is removed 6 months postoperatively. This technique obviates microscopic sutures, reduces operating time, and provides hemostasis. Of seven patients with monolateral stenosis of the common canaliculus in whom this technique was used and who were followed for a minimum of 3 years, only one had a restenosis.
Sub-Tenon's Anesthesia for Trabeculectomy
Authors: Ritch Robert , Liebmann Jeffrey M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sub-Tenon's anesthesia for anterior segment surgery avoids the risks associated with retrobulbar and peribulbar injections. Localized injections over the appropriate rectus muscles ensure patient comfort as well as optimal exposure of the surgical field in eyes undergoing trabeculectomy. We have used this technique without significant complications in approximately 400 procedures.
Effects of Flurbiprofen and Suprofen on the Miotic Activity of 1% Acetylcholine and 0.01% Carbachol
Authors: Yee Richard W , Kocurek Daniel , Yu Hing-Sing , Smith Grant , Lam Christopher 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIAs) flurbiprofen and suprofen applied topically to reduce miosis may counteract the desired effects of miotics used during ocular surgery. In a pigmented rabbit model, 1% acetylcholine was shown to cause a greater, significant initial (for the first 30 minutes) constriction (P < .05) than 0.01% carbachol in eyes pretreated with flurbiprofen and suprofen. From 2 to 8 hours, NSAIA pretreatment had a greater miotic effect with carbachol than with acetylcholine. There were no significant differences between flurbiprofen and suprofen on the miotic effect of carbachol or acetylcholine.
Hemangiopericytoma of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Rubin Peter A D , Shore John W , Jakobiec Frederick A , To King 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemangiopericytoma is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm composed histologically of pericytes. Hemangiopericytoma of the lacrimal sac is exceedingly rare. This case provided the first known computed tomographic image of a hemangiopericytoma of the lacrimal sac prior to surgical intervention.
Modified SRK Formula for Axial Myopia (24.5 mm ≤ Axial Length < 27.0 mm)
Authors: Kora Yukiko , Totsuka Nobuyoshi , Fukado Yoshinao , Marumori Miki , Yaguchi Shigeo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
When used for eyes with greater than average axial length (AXL), the SRK formula has been reported to have a tendency to yield more myopic refractions than those predicted. To further evaluate such findings, we studied 609 eyes with AXLs between 24.5 and 27.0 mm. Comparing the predicted with the actual refractions and calculating the range of errors, we found that the postoperative refractions were more myopic than predicted. Then, based on our evaluation of the relationship between the postoperative refractions and the powers of the implanted intraocular lenses (IOLs), we devised the following formula:
R = 0.8 × (P - I) + 0.57 (P < .01)
in which R = the postoperative refraction; P = the emmetropie IOL power; and I = the actual IOL power. Testing this modified SRK formula in 55 additional eyes, we found that the predicted postoperative refractions it yielded were more accurate than those calculated using five earlier formulas.
Visual Results and Complications Following Posterior Iris-Fixated Posterior Chamber Lenses at Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Chu Milton W , Font Ramon L , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty combined with suturing of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) with angulated haptics to the posterior iris using the four optic positioning holes. Corneal endothelial decompensation was associated with anterior chamber IOLs in nine cases, with iris-fixated lenses in three cases, and a subluxated PC-IOL in one case. Visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 46%, 20/50 to 20/100 in 31%, and 20/200 or worse in 23%. These visual results are comparable with those reported for other similar surgical series. In four of seven eyes that had preoperative peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS), postoperative extension of at least 2 clock hours occurred; progressive angle-closure glaucoma developed in two of the four. In all four eyes, the extension occurred in the region directly overlying the lens haptics. The angulated haptics of iris-sutured PC-IOLs may predispose to extension of PAS and development of progressive angle-closure glaucoma.
Long-Term Follow Up of Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Pigmentary Glaucoma
Authors: Lehto Ilkka 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nine eyes in nine patients with pigmentary glaucoma were treated with argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The mean age of the patients at the time of treatment was 35 years (range, 25 to 46 years); the mean follow up after treatment was 5.5 years. The initial pressurelowering effect of ALT was 53% (15.3 mm Hg), ie, from a preoperative mean of 29.0 mm Hg to a postoperative mean of 13.7 mm Hg the day after ALT. However, the initial response to ALT wore off in 3 months, after which the intraocular pressure settled at a level 14% (4 mm Hg) lower than before treatment. The rate of failure (ie, unstable glaucoma after treatment) was 11%.
Comparative Efficacy of Diclofenac and Flurbiprofen for Maintenance of Pupillary Dilatation During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sachdev Mahipal S , Singh Kirti , Talwar Dinesh , Gupta S K , Dada V K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A double-blind, prospective, randomized clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficacy of flurbiprofen 0.03% and diclofenac 0.1% eye drops, in combination with routinely used mydriatics, in maintaining pupillary dilatation during extracapsular cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. The effectiveness of administering systemic flurbiprofen along with the topical drugs in enhancing maintenance of pupillary dilatation also was assessed. Pupillary diameter, as measured at various surgical stages, was significantly greater in the patients receiving diclofenac or flurbiprofen eye drops as compared with those in a control group who did not (P < .001). While the maintenance of pupillary dilatation was consistently better with diclofenac than with flurbiprofen, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, though maintenance of pupillary dilatation was better in cases in which systemic flurbiprofen was added to the preoperative drug regime, again, the difference was not significant.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastatic to the Orbit in an African Patient
Authors: Schwab Larry , Doshi Himanshu , Shields Jerry A , Kagame Kenneth , Chana Harginder 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the orbit. We report a 19-year-old black man from Zimbabwe who had hepatomegaly and an orbital mass. An orbital biopsy suggested a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains supported the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to the orbit and the first such reported case from Africa.
New Lid Speculum for Glaucoma Filtering Surgery
Authors: Yamabayashi Shigeki , Tsukahara  
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Successful bleb formation in glaucoma filtering surgery depends on adequate intraoperative visualization and atraumatic handling and preservation of normal conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule in order to avoid unnecessary stimulation and fibrous tissue formation. With these requirements in mind, we designed a new lid speculum that offers the following advantages: (1) wide surgical field exposure; (2) simultaneous globe fixation; (3) obviation of placing a bridle suture; (4) minimal damage to the superior rectus muscle, conjunctiva, and Tenon's capsule; (5) conjunctival incision placement far from the limbus; and (6) reduced operating time.
Clinical Utility of the Barrett Keratoscope With Astigmatic Dial
Authors: Morlet Nigel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Intraoperative keratometry allows some degree of control over corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery. I describe the clinical use of the Barrett keratoscope combined with an astigmatic dial that quantifies the information obtained by this simple, inexpensive, hand-held surgical keratometer.
Based on a comparison of intraoperative measurements with those taken after extracapsular cataract surgery with an automated keratometer, I conclude that intraoperative keratometry reliably predicted the postoperative astigmatism. For those who had the intraocular pressure (IOP) set between 15 and 20 mm Hg intraoperatively, the mean deviation of the first postoperative measurement from the intraoperative measurement of astigmatism was ± 1.03 D (standard error, 1.56 diopters; 95% confidence interval 0.712 to 1.35 D). When the IOP was not set, the postoperative astigmatism differed from the intraoperative reading by more than 2.00 D for 50% of the cases. Setting the IOP prior to intraoperative keratometry significantly improved the reliability of the measurement.
Intraoperative keratometry by the simple device used in this study is of sufficient utility to allow the surgeon to adjust for the predicted changes in the corneal astigmatism at the time of surgery.
Recalcitrant Diplopia After Implantation of a Krupin Valve With Disc
Authors: Çardakli U Füsun , Perkins Todd W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report, to our knowledge, the first case of a patient experiencing recalcitrant diplopia after implantation of a Krupin valve with disc for uncontrolled glaucoma. Despite multiple surgeries and adjustments in her glasses, the patient was left with residual and intolerable diplopia.
Single Tarsoconjunctival Flap (Lower Eyelid) for Upper Eyelid Reconstruction ("Reverse" Modified Hughes Procedure)
Authors: Mauriello Joseph A , Antonacci Robin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a two-stage reconstruction of partial or total full-thickness upper eyelid defects. In the first stage, a single tarsoconjunctival flap from the donor lower eyelid reconstitutes the posterior lamella, and a full-thickness skin graft reconstructs the anterior lamella. In the second stage, 5 to 8 weeks later, the skin tarsoconjunctival flap is severed.
The single tarsoconjunctival flap we describe is analogous to the modified Hughes reconstruction for full-thickness lower eyelid defects and thus may be termed a "reverse" modified Hughes procedure.
In the lid-sharing Cutler-Beard procedure, the popular alternative, the full-thickness lower lid is advanced into the upper eyelid defect. Our procedure provides greater stability due to the increased amount of vertical tarsus in the reconstructed eyelid. Also, in our procedure, the tarsoconjunctival flap is incised 1.5 to 2 mm from the lower eyelid margin rather than the 4 to 6 mm necessary to preserve the marginal artery in the Cutler-Beard procedure.
With a follow up ranging from at least 6 months to over 2 years, the only complications among the 10 patients in our series were pyogenic granuloma at the edge of the donor lower eyelid, and mild, medial upper eyelid blepharoptosis. There were no cases of cicatriciel entropion of the upper eyelid, a known complication of the Cutler-Beard procedure.
Radial Suture Stabilized by Fibrin Glue to Correct Preoperative Against-the-Rule Astigmatism During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Grewing Ralf , Mester Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the efficacy of using a modified woundclosure technique in cataract surgery to reduce presurgical against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism. Seventy-seven eyes received a radial 10-0 nylon suture in the axis of the preexisting ATR cylinder, combined with an application of fibrin glue to stabilize the wound. A control group of 76 patients with comparable preoperative ATR astigmatism was operated on in the same manner, but only fibrin glue and no suture was used for wound closure. The mean induced astigmatism in these two groups differed by 0.42 diopters, a significant difference (P < .05). In the cases with preoperative astigmatism greater than 1.00 D, the difference between the two groups, again a significant one, was 0.73 (P < .05).
A Randomized, Prospective Study on the Use of Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon) in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Raitta Christina , Lehto Ilkka , Puska Päivi , Vesti Eija , Harju Mika 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of injecting sodium hyaluronate (Healon) before fistulization in trabeculectomy was investigated in a prospective, randomized study of 107 consecutive eyes. Fifty-two eyes were operated on with the viscoelastic and 55 without. An early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) peak of 21 mm Hg or more occurred in 27% of the study eyes versus 17% of the control eyes, an insignificant difference. The mean peak IOPs of the study and the control eyes did not differ significantly (29.8 ± 9.0 mm Hg versus 32.7 ± 10.2 mm Hg), nor did the mean IOPs and the need for glaucoma medications 1 month after surgery. Shallow/flat anterior chamber and choroidal detachment were equally frequent in both groups, but hyphema occurred significantly more often in the study group (40%) than in the control group (18%).
Surgical Removal of Congenital Pupillary-lris-Lens Membrane
Authors: Cibis Gerhard W , Tripathi Ramesh C , Tripathi Brenda J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A pupillary membrane in a case of congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis was surgically peeled from the lens without causing cataract formation. Histopathology revealed ectopic iris. The ectopic iris found in this condition differentiates congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis as an entity from persistent pupillary membrane, hereditary goniodysgenesis, and Rieger's anomaly. We suggest that congenital pupillary-iris-lens membrane with goniodysgenesis is a neurocristopathy. The finding of ectopic iris muscle is consistent with avian chimera experiments that have suggested that iris sphincter muscle is derived from the neural crest, not neural ectoderm. Membranes in this condition can be successfully removed when they cause vision loss and amblyopia.