bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous fetal reduction in triplets and prolongation of twin pregnancy for 111 days as an outpatient: a case report
Authors: Rubagumya Davis , Kaguta Munawar , Mdachi Ernie , Abeid Muzdalfat , Kidanto Hussein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple gestation has been on the rise because of advancement in assisted reproductive technology. Triplet pregnancy is associated with fetal loss and preterm birth as its major complications. Spontaneous triplet pregnancy is rare. In the case of fetal loss, delayed interval delivery has been used to achieve delivery of the retained fetuses. There is no common approach to delayed interval delivery.

Case
A 31-year-old East African lady with spontaneous triplet pregnancy presented to our institution at gestation age of 19 weeks with features of threatened miscarriage. One fetus was miscarried, and delayed interval delivery was done as an outpatient. At gestation age of 35 weeks, she delivered healthy twins by cesarean section.

Conclusion
Delayed interval delivery improves neonatal outcomes of high-order pregnancy after fetal loss even in a resource-limited setting.
RIG-I, a novel DAMPs sensor for myoglobin, activates NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling in CS-AKI model
Authors: Wang Peng-Tao , Li Ning , Wang Xin-Yue , Chen Jia-Le , Geng Chen-Hao , Liu Zi-Quan , Fan Hao-Jun , Lv Qi , Hou Shi-Ke , Gong Yan-Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main life-threatening complication of crush syndrome (CS), and myoglobin is accepted as the main pathogenic factor. The pattern recognition receptor retinoicacid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) has been reported to exert anti-viral effects function in the innate immune response. However, it is not clear whether RIG-I plays a role in CS-AKI. The present research was carried out to explore the role of RIG-I in CS-AKI.

Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the sham and CS groups (n = 12). After administration of anesthesia, the double hind limbs of rats in the CS group were put under a pressure of 3 kg for 16 h to mimic crush conditions. The rats in both groups were denied access to food and water. Rats were sacrificed at 12 h or 36 h after pressure was relieved. The successful establishment of the CS-AKI model was confirmed by serum biochemical analysis and renal histological examination. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed on rat kidney tissue to identify molecular pathways involved in CS-AKI. Furthermore, NRK-52E cells were treated with 200 μmol/L ferrous myoglobin to mimic CS-AKI at the cellular level. The cells and cell supernatant samples were collected at 6 h or 24 h. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) was used to knock down RIG-I expression. The relative expression levels of molecules involved in the RIG-I pathway in rat kidney or cells samples were measured by quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by ELISA. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were used to detect the interaction between RIG-I and myoglobin.

Results
RNA sequencing of CS-AKI rat kidney tissue revealed that the different expression of RIG-I signaling pathway. qPCR, Western blotting, and IHC assays showed that RIG-I, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) P65, p-P65, and the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated in the CS group (P < 0.05). However, the levels of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), p-IRF3 and the antiviral factor interferon-beta (IFN-β) showed no significant changes between the sham and CS groups. Co-IP assays showed the interaction between RIG-I and myoglobin in the kidneys of the CS group. Depletion of RIG-I could alleviate the myoglobin induced expression of apoptosis-associated molecules via the NF-κB/caspase-3 axis.

Conclusion
RIG-I is a novel damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) sensor for myoglobin and participates in the NF-κB/caspase-3 signaling pathway in CS-AKI. In the development of CS-AKI, specific intervention in the RIG-I pathway might be a potential therapeutic strategy for CS-AKI.
Memorie letterarie nel Convivio di Dante
Authors: Arduini Beatrice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Focusing on book 4 of Dante’s Convivio (The Banquet), this article analyzes the complexity of the unfinished poetic and philosophical treatise that the poet wrote at the beginning of his exile. The relevance of the Convivio within Dante’s overall production can be attributed to the presence of numerous themes dear to the poet, which sometimes emerge only in nuce and sometimes already in a mature form in the treatise. Nonetheless, Dante took many of these subjects and linguistic experimentations and elaborated on them in his later works. In particular, book 4 functions as a precedent for some of the choices, themes, and styles subsequently developed in the Commedia. However, when the inspiration for the Convivio as a vehicle for both poetic and prose production is supplanted by the larger and even more ambitious project of his Commedia, Dante abandoned the treatise and left its linguistic mission unfinished.
Movement in Repose
Authors: Eldridge Aaron Frederick 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
How does tradition, a transmission of body and language, disclose a form of life? This article takes as its point of departure Talal Asad’s methodological pivot away from the modern concept of “belief” to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s concept of “form of life.” It elaborates the philosophical and anthropological implications of a rigorous notion of form of life through Asad’s concept of tradition and Martin Heidegger’s rereading of Aristotle’s physis. Interrupting this theoretical argument, a scene from the author’s ethnographic fieldwork with Orthodox Christian ascetics in Lebanon exemplifies the challenge (and insistence) of form of life. The article then turns to consider a powerful reading of form of life grounded in Baruch Spinoza’s theory of emanation and vitalist univocity. While echoing the concerns of this article, Spinoza’s philosophical ethic defers the central question posed by “form of life” by making the latter a world-producing apparatus. That approach to form of life foregrounds the possibility of being other than what one is, rather than the crucial question of “still experience” and its dynamic repose. The article concludes by reading this still experience alongside C. Nadia Seremetakis’s work in Greece, which details the work of stillness and memory, the deathly pain of history, as sites where the cultivation of noncontemporaneous forms of life are brought into relief.
An Immanence without the World
Authors: Dubilet Alex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis essay proposes to rethink the conceptual associations that bind immanence to the secular and oppose it to (divine) transcendence. It asks: What if immanence is divorced from the conceptual opposition between the world and its openings to (divine) other(s), between enclosure and the trace of a transcendent outside? What might arise if immanence is severed from its link with secularity, if it ceases to be merely another conceptual support in secularism’s metaphysical armature? To pursue these questions, the essay engages a variety of materials, including medieval mysticism, anthropological critiques of the secular, work in Black studies, critiques of the subject, and François Laruelle’s non-philosophical thought. The result links immanence more intimately with dispossession than with the subject’s self-possession—and entwines it with the undercommons, as the atopic lowest place, rather than with the nomos and topos imposed by the (modern) world and its regime of the proper. Immanence is thought of as anti- and antenomian force, a groundless ground coming underneath the conceptual logics of the world, its normative order of things, and life lived according to its distributions. As a result, rather than a weapon in modernity’s endless self-justifying polemics with religion, immanence opens forth trajectories for its destitution and delegitimation.
How to Make a Class
Authors: Pasquinelli Matteo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It was not a cybernetician but a neoliberal economist who provided the first systematic treatise on connectionism or, as it would later be known, the paradigm of artificial neural networks. In his 1952 book The Sensory Order, Friedrich Hayek advanced a connectionist theory of the mind already far more advanced than the theory of symbolic artificial intelligence, whose birth is redundantly celebrated in 1956 with the exalted Dartmouth workshop. In this text Hayek provided a synthesis of Gestalt principles and considerations of artificial neural networks, even speculating about the possibility of a machine fulfilling a similar function of “the nervous system as an instrument of classification,” auguring what we call today a “classifier algorithm.” This article shows how Hayek’s connectionist theory of the mind was used to shore up a specific and ideological view of the market and schematically reconstructs Hayek’s line of argumentation from his economic paradigm backward to his theory of cognition. Eventually, in Hayek’s interpretation, connectionism provides a relativist cognitive paradigm that justifies the “methodological individualism” of neoliberalism.
Deep learning for classification of pediatric chest radiographs by WHO’s standardized methodology
Authors: Chen Yiyun , Roberts Craig S. , Ou Wanmei , Petigara Tanaz , Goldmacher Gregory V. , Fancourt Nicholas , Knoll Maria Deloria 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO)-defined radiological pneumonia is a preferred endpoint in pneumococcal vaccine efficacy and effectiveness studies in children. Automating the WHO methodology may support more widespread application of this endpoint.MethodsWe trained a deep learning model to classify pneumonia CXRs in children using the World Health Organization (WHO)’s standardized methodology. The model was pretrained on CheXpert, a dataset containing 224,316 adult CXRs, and fine-tuned on PERCH, a pediatric dataset containing 4,172 CXRs. The model was then tested on two pediatric CXR datasets released by WHO. We also compared the model’s performance to that of radiologists and pediatricians.ResultsThe average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for primary endpoint pneumonia (PEP) across 10-fold validation of PERCH images was 0.928; average AUC after testing on WHO images was 0.977. The model’s classification performance was better on test images with high inter-observer agreement; however, the model still outperformed human assessments in AUC and precision-recall spaces on low agreement images.ConclusionA deep learning model can classify pneumonia CXR images in children at a performance comparable to human readers. Our method lays a strong foundation for the potential inclusion of computer-aided readings of pediatric CXRs in vaccine trials and epidemiology studies.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in Pakistani children: A description of the phenotypes and comparison with historical cohorts of children with Kawasaki disease and myocarditis
Authors: Mohsin Shazia S. , Abbas Qalab , Chowdhary Devyani , Khalid Farah , Sheikh Abdul Sattar , Ali Khan Zuviya Ghazala , Aslam Nadeem , Bhatti Omaima Anis , Inam Maha , Saleem Ali Faisal , Bhutta Adnan T. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
To determine clinical, laboratory features and outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C) and its comparison with historic Kawasaki Disease (KD) and Viral Myocarditis (VM) cohorts.

Methods
All children (1 month– 18 years) who fulfilled the World Health Organization criteria of MIS-C presenting to two tertiary care centers in Karachi from May 2020 till August 31st were included. KD and VM admitted to one of the study centers in the last five years prior to this pandemic, was compared to MIS-C.

Results
Thirty children with median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR)1–192) months met the criteria for MIS-C. Three phenotypes were identified, 12 patients (40%) with KD, ten (33%) VM and eight (26%) had features of TSS. Echocardiography showed coronary involvement in 10 (33%), and moderate to severe Left Ventricular dysfunction in 10 (33%) patients. Steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) were administered to 24 (80%) and 12 (41%) patients respectively while 7 (23%) received both. Overall, 20% children expired. During the last five years, 30 and 47 children were diagnosed with KD and VM, respectively. Their comparison with MIS-C group showed lymphopenia, thrombocytosis, and higher CRP as well as more frequent atypical presentation in MIS-C KD group with less coronary involvement. The MIS-C VM was more likely to present with fulminant myocarditis.

Conclusions
Our MIS-C cohort is younger with higher mortality compared to previous reports. MIS-C is distinct from historic cohorts of KD and VM in both in clinical features and outcomes.
Here, There and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World, Tahseen Shams (2020)
Authors: Shah Bindi V. 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Here, There and Elsewhere: The Making of Immigrant Identities in a Globalized World, Tahseen Shams (2020)
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 264 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50361-069-9, h/bk, $90;
ISBN 978-1-50361-283-9, p/bk, $28
A docência como profissão: O portfólio como dispositivo e política de formação docente no estágio supervisionado em educação física
Authors: Penteado Regina Zanella , Souza Neto Samuel 
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se o portfólio, nas políticas de formação docente e no Estágio Supervisionado (ES) da Educação Física (EF), configura um dispositivo de formação e de profissionalização do ensino. Esta pesquisa qualitativa, documental, implementou uma análise de conteúdo das Diretrizes Curriculares de Formação de Professores e de 12 portfólios produzidos por estagiários em EF de uma universidade pública do Brasil. Os resultados integram narrativas dos portfólios dos estagiários, identificadas por eixos: avaliação diagnóstica e aprendizagem da docência. As políticas são interpretadas com atenção ao portfólio que é tratado sob a lógica de artefato técnico de atividade racional controlada (tencionando a noção de profissionalização). Concluímos que o uso dos portfólios ampliou e se diferenciou daquele previsto pela literatura e atual política de formação docente. O portfólio no ES em EF emerge como possibilidade de dispositivo de formação aberto e flexível, que se coaduna com a profissionalização do ensino.
Starlikeness and convexity of the product of certain multivalent functions with higher-order derivatives
Authors: Aouf Mohamed K. , Lashin Abdel Moneim , Bulboacă Teodor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduce some new subclasses of thep-valent analytic functions with higher-order derivatives that generalize some related subclasses of starlike and convex functions of a positive order. We found the order of (p,q)-valent starlikeness and convexity for the products of functions that belong to these classes. The order of (p,q)-valent starlikeness and convexity of certain integral operators for the product of functions of these classes were also obtained.
On statistical convergence of sequences of closed sets in metric spaces
Authors: Georgiou Dimitrios , Megaritis Athanasios , Prinos Georgios , Sereti Fotini 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we do further investigations on the statistical inner and outer limits of sequences of closed sets in metric spaces, which were introduced by Nuray, Rhoades, and Talo, Sever, Başar, and generalize the conventional Painleve-Kuratowski inner and outer limits. Also, we provide criteria for checking statistical Wijsman and Hausdorff set convergences and we examine the relationship between Kuratowski and Wijsman statistical convergence. A closer look on the concept of statistical Cauchyness, with respect to the Hausdorff “extended” metric h, completes this research.
A New fuzzy McShane integrability
Authors: Sayyad Redouane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce the notion of the fuzzy McShane integral in the linear topology sense and we discuse its relation with the fuzzy Pettis integral introduced recently by Chun-Kee Park in [On the Pettis integral of fuzzy mappings in Banach spaces, Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 22 (2007), 535–545].
Herglotz's theorem for Jacobi-Dunkl positive definite sequences
Authors: Chouchene Frej , Haouala Iness 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, we introduce the notion of Jacobi-Dunkl positive definite sequences using the properties of the discrete Jacobi-Dunkl translation. Then, we establish the analogous of Herglotz’s theorem to characterize these sequences.
TWEAK Signaling Pathway Blockade Slows Cyst Growth and Disease Progression in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Cordido Adrian , Nuñez-Gonzalez Laura , Martinez-Moreno Julio M. , Lamas-Gonzalez Olaya , Rodriguez-Osorio Laura , Perez-Gomez Maria Vanessa , Martin-Sanchez Diego , Outeda Patricia , Chiaravalli Marco , Watnick Terry , Boletta Alessandra , Diaz Candido , Carracedo Angel , Sanz Ana B. , Ortiz Alberto , Garcia-Gonzalez Miguel A. 
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), interstitial inflammation promotes cyst progression. TWEAK is a TNF superfamily cytokine that regulates inflammatory responses, and its receptor, Fn14, is expressed in nephron epithelium. This paper describes TWEAK’s role in ADPKD and its potential as a therapeutic target. The Fn14/TWEAK axis is upregulated in human and mouse polycystic kidneys, and TWEAK administration in mice accelerates cyst progression, whereas anti-TWEAK treatment slows cyst growth, improving kidney function and survival. Anti-TWEAK antibodies restore several ADPKD-related pathways, such as proliferation and NF-κB; slightly reduces fibrosis and apoptosis; and indirectly decreases macrophage recruitment. These findings identify the TWEAK signaling pathway as a new disease mechanism in ADPKD and a new possible therapeutic approach.

Background
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cyst development and enlargement lead to ESKD. Macrophage recruitment and interstitial inflammation promote cyst growth. TWEAK is a TNF superfamily (TNFSF) cytokine that regulates inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and cell death, and its receptor Fn14 (TNFRSF12a) is expressed in macrophage and nephron epithelia.

Methods
To evaluate the role of the TWEAK signaling pathway in cystic disease, we evaluated Fn14 expression in human and in an orthologous murine model of ADPKD. We also explored the cystic response to TWEAK signaling pathway activation and inhibition by peritoneal injection.

Results
Meta-analysis of published animal-model data of cystic disease reveals mRNA upregulation of several components of the TWEAK signaling pathway. We also observed that TWEAK and Fn14 were overexpressed in mouse ADPKD kidney cysts, and TWEAK was significantly high in urine and cystic fluid from patients with ADPKD. TWEAK administration induced cystogenesis and increased cystic growth, worsening the phenotype in a murine ADPKD model. Anti-TWEAK antibodies significantly slowed the progression of ADPKD, preserved renal function, and improved survival. Furthermore, the anti-TWEAK cystogenesis reduction is related to decreased cell proliferation–related MAPK signaling, decreased NF-κB pathway activation, a slight reduction of fibrosis and apoptosis, and an indirect decrease in macrophage recruitment.

Conclusions
This study identifies the TWEAK signaling pathway as a new disease mechanism involved in cystogenesis and cystic growth and may lead to a new therapeutic approach in ADPKD.
A Duty Perspective on the Hate Speech Prohibition in the Equality Act
Authors: Marais Marelize 
Published: June 2021

In this contribution, I argue that every person's duty to respect others is central to section 10(1) of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 ("the Equality Act"), otherwise known as the "hate speech" prohibition. This duty should therefore also be a central consideration in its interpretation. Related duties are those of the state to enact legislation, and of courts to interpret and apply the law to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights. Our courts have in many instances considered the duty to respect others, as well as the state's and the courts' related duties, in the interpretation of socioeconomic rights and the development of the common law. In doing so, they have consistently employed the reasonableness standard. Therefore, references to relevant case law in various legal contexts provide the framework within which I examine legal duties in the context of unfair discrimination and, in particular, hate speech in terms of section 10(1) of the Equality Act. I examine the constitutional obligations of the state, the courts and private persons to promote respect for the dignity of others. I reiterate the state's specific obligation in terms of section 9(4) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, to enact legislation to prevent or prohibit unfair discrimination on the grounds listed in section 9(3). Finally, I relate these duties to the section 10(1) prohibition in the Equality Act. I apply the reasonableness standard to conclude that the prohibition gives due effect to the duties of the state and every person, and that the courts are duty-bound to interpret it accordingly. This conclusion refutes the Supreme Court of Appeal's ruling in Qwelane v South African Human Rights Commission ("Qwelane")[1] that the section 10(1) prohibition was vague, overbroad and, therefore, unjustifiably infringing the right to freedom of expression.

[1] 2020 3 BCLR 334 (SCA).
Şiirsel Bir Savaş: Anzak Günlüklerindeki Şiirlerde Gelibolu Muharebeleri
Authors: ÇELİKEL Mehmet Ali 
Published: June 2021

Birinci Dünya Savaşında, Çanakkale Boğazı’nda Türk ve Britanya orduları arasında sekiz ay süren çarpışmalar boyunca, Anzak birlikleri olarak bilinen, Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda birlikleri Gelibolu’da karargâh kurmuşlardır. Anzak askerler tarihe kişisel olarak tanıklık ederek günlükler tutmuşlar ve mektuplar yazmışlardır. 1915’teki Gelibolu muharebeleri sırasında tutulan Anzak günlükleri yalnızca ikincil tarihsel kaynaklar değildir. Aynı zamanda kendilerini şiirle ifade ederek rahatlatmak isteyen askerler anılarını da kayda geçirmektedir. Kimi Anzak askerleri günlüklerinde şiirler de yazmışlar ve savaşın zorlukları ve acılarına şiirin lirizmiyle katlanmaya çalışmışlardır. Bu şiirler yalnızca tarihsel gerçeklerin yansımaları değil, savaşın acı betimlemeleri olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar.
Bu makale Anzak askerlerin günlüklerindeki şiirlerde savaşın bireyler üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Günlüklerdeki şiirler tarihsel kaynaklar olarak değil, tarihi şiirin bir malzemesi olarak kullanan metinler olarak okunmaktadır. Çalışmada tarihsel olayların şiir yazımının ardındaki ana etken olmadığı, tersine şiirin temel kaynaklarından biri olduğu da vurgulanmaktadır.