bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-enhanced Synchronized Multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI for Accurate Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Romeo Valeria , Clauser Paola , Rasul Sazan , Kapetas Panagiotis , Gibbs Peter , Baltzer Pascal Andreas Thomas , Hacker Marcus , Woitek Ramona , Helbich Thomas H , Pinker Katja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: to assess whether a radiomics and machine learning (ML) model combining quantitative parameters and radiomics features extracted from synchronized multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI images can differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods: 102 consecutive patients with 120 BI-RADS 0, 4 and 5 breast lesions (101 malignant, 19 benign) detected by ultrasound and/or mammography were prospectively enrolled and underwent hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI for diagnostic purposes. Quantitative parameters and radiomics features were extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced (MTT, VD, PF), diffusion (ADCmean of breast lesions and contralateral breast parenchyma), PET (SUVmax, mean and minimum of breast lesions, SUVmean of uni- and contralateral breast parenchyma) and T2-w images. Different diagnostic models were developed using a fine gaussian support vector machine algorithm and exploring different combinations of quantitative parameters and radiomics features to obtain the highest accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions using a 5-fold cross validation. The performance of the best radiomics and ML model was compared with that of expert readers review physician using the McNemar test.Results: Eight radiomics models were developed. The integrated model combining MTT and ADC with radiomics features extracted from PET and ADC images obtained the highest accuracy for breast cancer diagnosis (AUC 0.983) and was higher (AUC 0.868) yet not significant to expert readers review (p=0.508).Conclusion: A radiomics and ML model combining quantitative parameters and radiomics features extracted from synchronized multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI images can accurately discriminate benign from malignant breast lesions.
Optimal Ordering Decision and Information Leakage Preference Under Asymmetric Forecast Signal
Authors: Tang Min , Jiang Li , Li Zhiguo , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the retailer's sourcing decision with or without information leakage and studies the impact of the retailer's inaccurate prediction on supply chain members' preferences for information leakage. To derive the retailers' optimal sourcing quantities under two scenarios, one without and one with information leakage, we formulate a supply chain in which a common manufacturer offers a wholesale price contract to two competing retailers, one of whom (the incumbent) has private prediction information about the market demand, the other one (the entrant) doesn't. Then, we compare the supply chain members' performances, the results show that the manufacturer will prefer no information leakage when the incumbent's forecasting accuracy is high and the forecasting signal is low-type; the incumbent may prefer information leakage under certain conditions; contrary to intuition, the entrant may prefer no information leakage under certain conditions. Meanwhile, we find that the incumbent has an incentive to mimic a low state one by sourcing less product when she forecasts that the market demand will be high under the scenario of information leakage, and interestingly, the incumbent will earn less than the entrant when she obtains a low-type forecast signal under no information leakage.
A two-step strategy for the selective conversion of ethanol to propene and hydrogen
Authors: Pyatnitsky Yuri , Dolgikh Lidiya , Senchylo Liubov , Stara Larissa , Strizhak Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous production of propene and hydrogen from ethanol is the promising way of a renewable feedstock conversion into valuable products. Propene is used for the production of polypropene plastics, acrylonitrile, propene oxide, and many other manufactures; hydrogen is considered the most viable energy carrier for the future. Conventional reaction schemes of the direct one-step catalytic conversion of ethanol into propene include the reaction of the isopropanol dehydration to propene. However, the dehydration ability of a catalyst inevitably gives rise to the ethanol dehydration to ethene that diminishes the propene yield. To avoid ethanol dehydration to ethene, the two-step process is composed of the ethanol conversion to acetone in the first step and the acetone conversion to propene in the second step. The thermodynamic analysis of the known reaction pathways for the ethanol conversion to propene shows that a 74.6% yield of propene can be achieved even at a low temperature of 200oC. According to the literature data, possible catalysts can be Cu/La2Zr2O7 or Fe3O4 for the first step, and the mixed Ag–In/SiO2 and K3PW12O40 catalyst for the second step. We speculate that the propene yield may reach 72% using these catalysts in the two-step process.
The relative frequency of Myasthenia Gravis in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Sigari Amirhossein Akhavan , Salari Mehri , Sedaghat Nahad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases have always been an area of interest due to common underlying immunopathologic mechanisms. In this study, we assess the relative frequency of myasthenia gravis (MG) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO).Methods: Records of patients with MS and NMO who visited the Isfahan MS center were screened. The data of patients with comorbid MG was used to calculate relative frequency.Results: The relative frequency of MG in our sample MS and NMO population was 0.34% and 5%, respectively, which is higher than the reported prevalence of MG alone in the general population (0.0005-0.024%).Conclusion: The higher frequency of MG in MS and NMO populations compared to the general frequency of the disease may be due to common immunopathologic mechanisms that underly the diseases. Regulatory T cells, the complement pathway, matrix metalloproteinases, and B cells play critical roles in each disease and share common features in MS and MG. The complement system also plays a central role in NMO and MG. The relative frequency of MG in patients with MS and NMO is higher than of that reported in the general population (0.34% and 5%, respectively).
Effects of sesame oil on learning and memory impairment and biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats with a long-term high-fat diet consumption
Authors: Rustaei Mojtaba , Sadeghian Reihaneh , Salehi Iraj , Sarihi Abdolrahman , Shahidi Siamak , Faraji Nafiseh , Komaki Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, high-fat foods are eaten in most societies, which causes memory impairment and anxiety through the oxidative stress pathway. Sesame oil (SO) has potential antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effects of sesame oil on memory impairment and anxiety caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats were investigated. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10): control (standard diet; SD), the HFD, SD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage), and HFD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage) groups. All diets were given to the animals for three months. Finally, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The step-through latency of retention test in SD + SO (0.5 or 1 ml/kg) groups increased more than the control group. Also, the Barnes test on training days revealed that the latency time to find the target hole increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. Moreover, the time spent on the open arms in the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group improved remarkably than the control group. Total oxidant (TOS) level in the HFD + SO (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) groups was lower than the HFD group. The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the SD + SO (2 ml/kg) group was higher than the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group and the amount of thiol in the HFD group decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the positive effects of SO on memory and anxiety are probably due to its antioxidant properties and the elimination of free radicals.
Microwave Photonics Analog Link based on two Integrated D-DPMZM Linearized Signals and with Eliminated odd Harmonics and all IMD’s.
Authors: Haxha Shyqyri , shaqiri Shemsi , Flint Ian , Ademgil Huseyin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel Microwave Photonic Link (MPL) system configuration based on two Dual-drive Dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (D-DPMZMs) and two Balanced Photo-Detectors (BPDs) is reported. The Intermodulation Distortions (IMDs), as well as the harmonic distortions have been eliminated. The proposed linearization of RF signal configuration is double side banded in both D-DPMZM. A full mathematical model has been developed and simulations have been implemented for the proposed configuration. The RF linearization for this configuration has been tested by introducing an additional RF signal, as well as phase and intensity errors in MZ branches. The proposed MPL system configuration exhibits significant performance and it will have great impact on aerospace, radar, and satellite-to-ground downlink communication system applications.
Analysis on Water use Efficiency of Populus Euphratica Forest Ecosystem in Arid Area
Authors: Lianqing Xue , Fangbing Fu , Xinfang Chen , Yuanhong Liu , Qiang Han , Shumin Liao , Qing Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)) reflects the coupled relationship between water loss and carbon gain in the process of plant photosynthetic carbon assimilation. As a dominant tree species in arid area, Populus euphratica plays an important ecological role in slowing desertification. Here, continuous observations of carbon, water and energy fluxes were carried out in Populus euphratica forest with eddy covariance (EC) technique in 2018. We systematically explained the variation characteristics of energy fluxes and WUE at different time scales, and explored the main controlling factors of WUE in drought-stressed environment based on the synchronous meteorological data. Results showed that the carbon exchange of the Populus euphratica forest ecosystem occurred mainly during the growing seasons (April–October). During this period, the entire ecosystem appeared as a carbon sink with the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide. The average daily WUE was 2.2 g C/kg H2O, which was lower than other temperate forests (2.57–6.07 g C/kg H2O) but higher than grassland, wetland and cropland. We also concluded that an increase in carbon dioxide concentration (CCO2) and air relative humidity (RH) could promote the increase of WUE. Nevertheless, WUE was negatively correlated with air temperature (Ta), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Additionally, WUE increased under moderate soil water content (SWC), but decreased due to the continuously rising SWC. WUE was more strongly affected by factors affecting water consumption than carbon uptake. Under the conditions of high temperature, strong radiation and low humidity in the summer, the growth rate of ET was much larger than that of GPP. This study not only contributes to our understanding of the carbon, water and energy dynamics of the Populus euphratica forest ecosystem but also provides an important reference for ecological conservation and ecological restoration in arid regions.
Digital cooking could increase the availability of nutritious meals
Authors: Blutinger Jonathan , Karthik Shravan , Tsai Alissa , Meijers Yorán , Lipson Hod 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Health, convenience, and cost – herein lies the predicament that we all face when deciding on a meal, which two do you pick? With price usually being the biggest influencer, we tend to sacrifice health or convenience. Multi-ingredient food printing combined with laser cooking could offer a way out of this conundrum: A viable method for convenient, nutritious, low-cost meals, yet has never been demonstrated. Here we showcase the advantages of marrying software with food through the creation of digitally-crafted meals.
Relationship between skeletal muscle mass with metabolic syndrome in Chinese elders
Authors: Yang Ting , Guo Xiao-fei , Wang Chong , Zhao Ting , Li Duo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The association between regional skeletal muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate these associations with MetS risk among Chinese elders.Methods: On the basis of health check-up program, a case-control study was performed among participants over 65 years of age, 250 MetS participants were identified and 750 healthy subjects were randomly selected as controls. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated via bioelectric impedance analysis. Muscle mass of each region was standardized by weight to obtain its muscle mass index. Conditional logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were implemented to evaluate the associations between MetS and the muscle mass in different regions.Results: As compared the highest category with the lowest category, leg muscle mass index (LMI) (OR = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.32; P for trend < 0.001), trunk muscle mass index (TMI) (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.29; P for trend < 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (OR = 0.11; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.29; P for trend < 0.001) were inversely associated with MetS risk after adjusting for age, gender, duration of education, exercise, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, total energy intake, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, serum fasting glucose and lipid profiles. Dose-response analysis showed that per standard deviation increment of LMI (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.34, 0.58; P for trend < 0.001), TMI (OR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.53; P for trend < 0.001) and SMI (OR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.19, 0.43; P for trend < 0.001) were inversely associated with MetS risk, respectively.Conclusion: The present results showed that higher LMI, TMI and SMI were associated with the low risk of MetS in Chinese elders.
Financial solution for balancing global economy, poverty and hunger differences through blockchain secured real time traceability system
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Kavindra , Arya Rishi , Thakur Pallavi , SIngh Shivam , Ahuja Girish 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The grave challenges of inequality, hunger and poverty are escalating in most of developing countries including India, thereby jeopardizing the overall growth of our country as well as the global economy. Under such crippling situations of poverty and inequality, the magnitude of inefficient and unsystematic lending practices, lack of monitoring by lenders and related fraudulent activities are on the rise, thereby causing a substantial build-up of non-performing assets as one of the emerging risks for the financial sector. The available finance management tools, in fact, lack the capability of real-time execution, fund deployment, credit risk assessment and project viability monitoring. This manuscript describes how a combination of process modeling, execution and measurement can be deployed for assessing financial traceability with accounting, billing, inventory & real-time project tracking and monitoring updates. The explicit process accounts primarily for due diligence framework; controls financial traceability; as well as geo-mapping, fencing & tagging based tangible process assessment of projects prior to lending, during and post implementation. Ultimately, the proposed blockchain secured finance solution (B-Bank™) will cause optimization of credit risk capital at both stages of pre-sanction, pre-disbursement and post implementation of projects, thereby balancing and strengthening the financial institutions and ultimately the global economy.
Syndrome of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination for COVID-19
Authors: Soleimani Babak , Turaga Sanchit , Khan Dalia , Davies Claire , Duodu Yaw , Botcherby Edward , Plaha Puneet , Apostolopoulos Vasileios , Kousin-Ezewu Onajite , Jenkins Damian , Webb Alastair , Tofaris George K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Experience in the management of COVID-19 vaccine induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia is currently lacking. In this case series we report the presentation and our experience in the management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and thrombocytopenia post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Two of the three cases had confirmed anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies and extracranial thrombosis. In all the cases, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulins and steroids normalised the platelet count and intravenous argatroban was used for initial anticoagulation. Two cases received a platelet transfusion and required decompressive hemicraniectomy due to raised intracranial pressure, secondary to cerebral oedema and haemorrhage. Prompt assessment of a new persistent headache occurring between 5 and 28 days of receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is warranted irrespective of age. In cases with venous thrombosis on imaging or abnormal laboratory findings (thrombocytopenia, abnormal clotting or elevated D-dimer), urgent transfer to a tertiary centre is recommended for multidisciplinary care and prevention of life-threatening complications from this rare syndrome.
Species on the move: Stowaways and contaminants cause the greatest economic impacts
Authors: Turbelin Anna J , Diagne Christophe , Hudgins Emma J , Moodley Desika , Kourantidou Melina , Novoa Ana , Haubrock Philip J , Bernery Camille , Gozlan Rodolphe , Francis Robert A , Courchamp Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction pathways play a pivotal role in the success of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) – the subset of alien species that have a negative environmental and/or socio-economic impact. Pathways refer to the fundamental mechanism that leads to the introduction of a species outside of its native range – marking the beginning of all alien species invasions. Increased knowledge of pathways is essential to help reduce the flow and impacts of IAS and ultimately improve their management. Here we use the InvaCost database, a comprehensive repository on the global monetary impacts of invasive alien species, combined with the CBD hierarchical classification of introduction pathways to address four key questions: (i) Are particular IAS introduction pathways economically impactful? (ii) How are costs taxonomically and spatially distributed across pathways? (iii) Are there differences in costs between species introduced intentionally and unintentionally? and (iv) is there a relationship between the number of possible introduction pathways of IAS and their costs? We found first that both the total and average cost of species introduced through ‘Stowaways’ (US$144.9bn; US$89.4m) and ‘Contaminants’ pathways (US$99.3bn; US$158.0m) were more costly than species introduced primarily through ‘Escape’ (US$87.4bn; US$25.4m) and ‘Release’ (US$64.2bn; US$16.4m). Second, insects drove the costs of unintentional introductions whilst mammals drove the costs of intentional introductions; ‘Stowaways’ had the highest costs in Asia, Central America, North America and Diverse/Unspecified regions, whilst Antarctic-Subantarctic and Oceania incurred the greatest costs from species introduced through ‘Release’. Third, the cost of species introduced unintentionally is more than double the cost of species introduced intentionally ($192bn vs. $90bn). Equally, species introduced unintentionally cost more on average than species introduced intentionally in terms of damage, management, and mixed costs. Finally, the total and average cost of IAS was not related to their number of introduction pathways. Our findings provide important material for the targeting of priority pathways - something that will be critical in prioritising limited management budgets to combat the current acceleration of species invasions.
A Review of Segmentation Technology Based on 3D Point Cloud
Authors: Xu Wang , Baolong Liu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Point cloud is an important data format that can completely express scene information. In recent years, with the dramatic increase of polygon complexity of model, the advantage of point model becomes more and more obvious. The point-based computer graphics, which takes point cloud as the research object, has aroused the attention of more and more people, and has been widely used in many fields such as computer vision, automatic driving and robot. In this paper, the point cloud segmentation methods and research status were reviewed in detail, the representative algorithms of each type of methods were analyzed and introduced, and the basic ideas, advantages and disadvantages of each type of methods were summarized. Finally, the problems faced by the segmentation technology and the development direction of the future work are prospected.
Copper isotope evidence for a Cu-rich mantle source of the world-class Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu deposit
Authors: Zhao Yun , Liu Sheng-Ao , Xue Chunji , Li Meng-Lun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A Cu-rich mantle source may play a key role in generating giant magmatic Ni-Cu deposits worldwide, but evidence for the source’s Cu enrichment and its mechanism is still rare. Copper isotopes can provide novel and direct insights into this issue since metasomatism that causes Cu enrichment in the mantle is commonly associated with a huge Cu isotope fractionation. Here we present the first Cu isotopic study on the world-class Jinchuan magmatic Ni–Cu deposit in China, including disseminated, net-textured, and massive sulfides. The disseminated and net-textured sulfides have variable δ65Cu values (+0.36 ± 0.38‰, n = 42), which are higher than those of massive sulfides (−0.44 ± 0.28‰, n = 11). The country rocks have a narrow δ65Cu range of 0.21 to 0.23‰, which is unlikely to have caused the large δ65Cu variations. The absence of a relationship between δ65Cu and whole-rock Cu contents rules out the possibility of surface weathering and diffusion-driven processes. Furthermore, the lack of correlation between δ65Cu and whole-rock Cu/Ni and Pd/Ir ratios excludes large Cu isotopic variations as a result of the progressive evolution of parental magma or sulfide melt. Numerical modeling indicates that the initially segregated sulfide melt has a mean δ65Cu of 0.44 ± 0.22‰ (2SD). Sulfide-liquid fractionation could have contributed to the enrichment of 65Cu in the Cu-rich net-textured sulfides and depletion of 65Cu in massive sulfides, respectively. The fractionated sulfide melts were fragmented and assimilated by new magma pluses, and consequently, the new segregated sulfide melts acquired lighter and more variable δ65Cu values in comparison with the initially accumulated sulfide melts. The estimated Cu isotopic composition of parental magmas for the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit is 0.54 ± 0.22‰ (2SD), which is up to ~0.5‰ higher than the mantle value. Copper transportation from oxidized subducted slabs to mantle peridotites and/or dissolution of Cu-bearing sulfides in the mantle caused oxidative breakdown and reprecipitation of sulfides and shifted the hybridized mantle source toward heavy δ65Cu as previously observed in mantle xenoliths. Our study, therefore, suggests that the source’s pre-enrichment is a key step in the generation of giant magmatic Ni-Cu deposits.