bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for IFN antagonism by human respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 2
Authors: Pei Jingjing , Wagner Nicole D. , Zou Angela J. , Chatterjee Srirupa , Borek Dominika , Cole Aidan R. , Kim Preston J. , Basler Christopher F. , Otwinowski Zbyszek , Gross Michael L. , Amarasinghe Gaya K. , Leung Daisy W. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract infections in the young and the elderly and a substantial burden to global human health. Currently, there are no specific and effective treatments for RSV infections. Here we report the first X-ray crystal structure of RSV nonstructural protein 2 (NS2), which revealed a unique fold. The combined biochemical and structural analyses of the NS2 structure identified a region that binds to and inhibits ubiquitination of an inactive form of RIG-I and MDA5, preventing downstream signaling and type I interferon production. Our study provides structural insight into the mechanism of how NS2 antagonizes IFN response to RSV infection and defines a target for antiviral development.
Chemically controlled pattern formation in self-oscillating elastic shells
Authors: Li Siyu , Matoz-Fernandez Daniel A. , Aggarwal Aaveg , Olvera de la Cruz Monica 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Mechanochemical processes drive various biological functions including morphogenesis and morphological changes in responsive synthetic hydrogels. By allowing reactive components to function in an elastic closed shell, autonomous chemical reactions generate microcompartments capable of expanding or contracting or induce buckled patterns. This capability can drive specific functions such as enhancing the rate of diffusion of compartmentalized chemicals or releasing cargos at specific rates. Here, we demonstrate the coupling of mechanical response to autonomous chemical reactions in elastic shells which swell and deswell to generate specific dynamic patterns and morphologies. The reverse feedback from the mechanical input triggers the chemical reaction. Our work inspires the design of responsive shells to enhance the functionality of microcompartments and nanoreactors.
Even Americans pre-aspirate
Authors: Hejná Míša , Kaźmierski Kamil , Guo Wenyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on a phenomenon known as pre-aspiration, defined as a period of glottal friction found in the sequences of sonorants and phonetically voiceless obstruents, as inhit[hɪht],hat[hæht],hiss[hɪhs], andcash[kæhʃ]. Pre-aspiration has been reported in North American English (Clayards and Knowles 2015); however, there are no systematic studies of pre-aspiration in this part of the English-speaking world. Our study therefore considers the following main questions. 1. Is pre-aspiration present in American English and how frequent is it? 2. Does it vary by region? We also map variation related to speaking task, sex, and a range of language-internal factors. Our analyses of data from the Nationwide Speech Project Corpus (Clopper and Pisoni 2006) confirm that pre-aspiration is a feature of American English, with rates of application reaching between 0–20 percent, depending on the region and the task. Furthermore, the more formal the task, the higher the rate of pre-aspiration application.
Introduction
Authors: Betz Emma , Sorjonen Marja-Leena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter sets the context for the articles in the
volume – explorations in the use of OKAY in a diverse set of languages,
including American English, Brazilian Portuguese, Danish, Estonian, Finnish,
French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Polish, and Swedish. We
first outline the origins of OKAY in American English and its spread to
other languages as a loanword, motivating this study of OKAY. We then review
the state of the art in research on OKAY in spoken interaction in a variety
of settings. Since this volume makes a case for investigating OKAY
empirically as it is actually used in particular occasions of spoken and
embodied interaction, the review of existing work on OKAY will be connected
to relevant developments in Conversation Analysis (Sidnell 2010; Clift 2016) and Interactional Linguistics (Couper-Kuhlen and Selting 2018). We
close with a discussion of overarching themes and promising new research
directions that emerge from existing work.
Data and methods used in the study of OKAY across languages
Authors: Deppermann Arnulf , Mondada Lorenza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, we overview the specificity of
comparisons made within the perspective of Conversation Analysis (CA), and
we position them in relation to other fields. We introduce the analytical
mentality, methodology, and procedures of CA, and we show how we used it for
the analysis of OKAY in this volume.
A resource for action transition
Authors: De Stefani Elwys , Mondada Lorenza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines French
oké and Italian occhei
as resources with which interactants manage transitions from
one course of action to another. It analyzes different kinds of
institutional interactions, such as work meetings, political
assemblies, and guided visits in French and Italian. In these
settings, participants use OKAY within extended “transition phases”,
situated in specific multimodal, material and spatial environments.
This chapter shows that the sequential positions of OKAY are
sensitive to co-occurring embodied conduct, giving rise to complex
multimodal arrangements. Transitions from one course of action to
another are multimodally accomplished within the local ecology of
the interaction: the use of OKAY plays a crucial part in this
accomplishment.
OKAY projecting embodied compliance to directives
Authors: Keevallik Leelo , Weidner Matylda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter on Estonian and Polish OKAY focuses
on complying responses to high entitlement directives. The responses
are built of two parts, the verbal OKAY that completes the adjacency
pair and an embodied compliance that ensues. The OKAY provides an
immediate verbal notification and acceptance of the suggested action
trajectory, which is relevant for the co-participants’ continuing
coordination of activities in progress, while the projected embodied
compliance is necessarily deferred. By looking at two genetically
and historically unrelated languages and showing a similar response
pattern in them, we hope to illustrate the general interactional
potential of the particle OKAY, and perhaps begin to understand some
of its cross-linguistic allure.
Data-free likelihood-informed dimension reduction of Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Cui Tiangang , Zahm Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Identifying a low-dimensional informed parameter subspace offers a viable path to alleviating the dimensionality challenge in the sampled-based solution to large-scale Bayesian inverse problems. This paper introduces a novel gradient-based dimension reduction method in which the informed subspace does not depend on the data. This permits online–offline computational strategy where the expensive low-dimensional structure of the problem is detected in an offline phase, meaning before observing the data. This strategy is particularly relevant for multiple inversion problems as the same informed subspace can be reused. The proposed approach allows to control the approximation error (in expectation over the data) of the posterior distribution. We also present sampling strategies which exploit the informed subspace to draw efficiently samples from the exact posterior distribution. The method is successfully illustrated on two numerical examples: a PDE-based inverse problem with a Gaussian process prior and a tomography problem with Poisson data and a Besov-

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prior.
Tuning Jahn–Teller distortion and electron localization of LaMnO3 epitaxial films via substrate temperature
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Baohua , Chen Yang , Wei Haoming , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-quality epitaxial LaMnO3 films have been grown on (001)-oriented LaAlO3 substrates at different substrate temperatures by pulsed laser deposition. The layer-by-layer growth is indicated by oscillations of reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Raman spectra together with in-plane resistivity measurements reveal that the degree of Jahn–Teller (JT) distortion can be well controlled by the substrate temperature during film deposition. The JT distortion-related/induced electron localization is studied by fitting temperature-dependent resistivity with a three-dimensional variable range hopping model. It is found that the larger JT distortion leads to a stronger localization of electrons. This study might pave the way for further study of JT interaction and highly correlated electronic states in perovskites.
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells using metal oxide thin films
Authors: Khokhlova M , Hammad M , Lhuissier E , Retoux R , Goux D , Fouchet A , David A , Lüders U , Boumediene K , Prellier W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While metal oxides synthesized as thin films have attracted much attention due to their electronic applications, we show here that they can also be used as bio-surfaces for the growth of stem cells, a field of research which has not been much explored. To demonstrate this, thin films (150–200 Å) of titanium oxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were deposited on glass using the pulsed laser deposition technique and mesenchymal stem cells were grown on these layers. Cell behavior was evaluated with respect to various key parameters, such as the composition, wettability, morphology and thickness of the films. Our results indicate that thin films of TiO2 and Al2O3 can not only support stem cell adhesion and growth, but can be used to influence the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation paths, which opens the route for a variety of novel biocompatible materials.
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in 2020
Authors: Kalha Curran , Fernando Nathalie K , Bhatt Prajna , Johansson Fredrik O L , Lindblad Andreas , Rensmo Håkan , Medina León Zendejas , Lindblad Rebecka , Siol Sebastian , Jeurgens Lars P H , Cancellieri Claudia , Rossnagel Kai , Medjanik Katerina , Schönhense Gerd , Simon Marc , Gray Alexander X , Nemšák Slavomír , Lömker Patrick , Schlueter Christoph , Regoutz Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is establishing itself as an essential technique for the characterisation of materials. The number of specialised photoelectron spectroscopy techniques making use of hard x-rays is steadily increasing and ever more complex experimental designs enable truly transformative insights into the chemical, electronic, magnetic, and structural nature of materials. This paper begins with a short historic perspective of HAXPES and spans from developments in the early days of photoelectron spectroscopy to provide an understanding of the origin and initial development of the technique to state-of-the-art instrumentation and experimental capabilities. The main motivation for and focus of this paper is to provide a picture of the technique in 2020, including a detailed overview of available experimental systems worldwide and insights into a range of specific measurement modi and approaches. We also aim to provide a glimpse into the future of the technique including possible developments and opportunities.
CLIMAR: classified linear interpolation based metal artifact reduction for severe metal artifact reduction in x-ray CT imaging
Authors: Yoon Huisu , Lee Kyoung-Yong , Bechwati Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In x-ray CT imaging, the existence of metal in the imaging field of view deteriorates the quality of the reconstructed image. This is because rays penetrating dense metal implants are highly corrupted, causing huge inconsistency between projection data. The result appears as strong artifacts such as black and white streaks on the reconstructed image disturbing correct diagnosis. For several decades, there have been various trials to reduce metal artifacts for better image quality. As the computing power of computer processors became more powerful, more complex algorithms with improved performance have been introduced. For instance, the initially developed metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms based on simple sinogram interpolation were combined with computationally expensive iterative reconstruction techniques to pursue better image quality. Recently, even machine learning based techniques have been introduced, which require huge amounts of computations for training. In this paper, we introduce an image based novel MAR algorithm in which severe metal artifacts such as black shadings are detected by the proposed method in a straightforward manner based on a linear interpolation. To do that, a new concept of metal artifact classification is devised using linear interpolation in the virtual projection domain. The proposed method reduces severe artifacts very quickly and effectively and has good performance to keep the detailed body structure preserved. Results of qualitative and quantitative comparisons with other representative algorithms such as LIMAR and NMAR support the excellence of the proposed algorithm. Thanks to the nature of reducing artifacts in the image itself and its low computational cost, the proposed algorithm can function as an initial image generator for other MAR algorithms, as well as being integrated in the modalities under limited computation power such as mobile CT scanners.
Cuffless blood pressure estimation methods: physiological model parameters versus machine-learned features
Authors: Esmaelpoor Jamal , Moradi Mohammad Hassan , Kadkhodamohammadi Abdolrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. For the first time in the literature, this paper investigates some crucial aspects of blood pressure (BP) monitoring using photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). In general, the proposed approaches utilize two types of features: parameters extracted from physiological models or machine-learned features. To provide an overview of the different feature extraction methods, we assess the performance of these features and their combinations. We also explore the importance of the ECG waveform. Although ECG contains critical information, most models merely use it as a time reference. To take this one step further, we investigate the effect of its waveform on the performance. Approach. We extracted 27 commonly used physiological parameters in the literature. In addition, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were deployed to define deep-learned representations. We applied the CNNs to extract two different feature sets from the PPG segments alone and alongside corresponding ECG segments. Then, the extracted feature vectors and their combinations were fed into various regression models to evaluate our hypotheses. Main results. We performed our evaluations using data collected from 200 subjects. The results were analyzed by the mean difference t-test and graphical methods. Our results confirm that the ECG waveform contains important information and helps us to improve accuracy. The comparison of the physiological parameters and machine-learned features also reveals the superiority of machine-learned representations. Moreover, our results highlight that the combination of these feature sets does not provide any additional information. Significance. We conclude that CNN feature extractors provide us with concise and precise representations of ECG and PPG for BP monitoring.
Remotely triggered morphing behavior of additively manufactured thermoset polymer-magnetic nanoparticle composite structures
Authors: Cohn Daniel , Zarek Matt , Elyashiv Ariel , Sbitan Mostafa Abu , Sharma Vinay , Ramanujan R V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) based systems find technological applications in diverse areas such as soft robotics, biomedical devices and aerospace structures. The shape memory (SM) response of a custom-made, additively manufactured (AM) SMP structure can be triggered by a remote, contactless AC magnetic field, resulting in morphing of the structure. We developed AM architectures based on SM thermoset polymers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Composite structures were prepared from a crosslinkable polycaprolactone dimethacrylate SMP matrix and iron oxide MNP filler. Additive manufacturing of these structures was carried out using these polymers loaded with MNP. Triggered morphing of these structures is achieved by an external alternating magnetic field; the MNP heat up, triggering the SM shape change of the polymer matrix. A variety of structures were AM by a careful choice of materials and process parameters and morphing behavior was demonstrated. This convergence of additive manufacturing technologies and structures prepared from SM thermoset polymers loaded with MNP demonstrates the feasibility of personalized, remotely triggered morphing components for advanced applications, e.g. soft robotics, biomedical devices and smart structural components in buildings.
Hybrid WDM and Optical-CDMA over Multi-Mode Fiber Transmission System based on Optical Vortex
Authors: Ghazi Alaan , Aljunid S. A. , Zulkarnain Syed Idrus Syed , Endut R. , Rashidi C. B. M. , Ali N. , Al-dawoodi Aras , Fakhrudeen Ahmed M. , Fareed Alaa , Sharma Teena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The optical vortex has recently attracted scholars to implement it in optical tweezers, microscopy, optical communications, quantum information processing, optical trapping, and laser machining. Optical vortex beam applied classically that can be transferred to the transverse amplitude of a heralded single-photon, and optical vortex possesses a helical wavefront and carries orbital angular momentum. In this study, Optical vortex is applied in optical-CDMA (optical code-division multiple-access) in conjunction with WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). This mechanism aims to increase the capacity and security in optical communication significantly. The implementation of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with optical vortex based on one dimension zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code shows that mode coupling reduces effectively. Consequently, a positive increase in channel performance and response. Accordingly, the LG modes based on the 1D-ZCC code are investigated and propagated over multi-mode fiber (MMF) based on an optical vortex, which also substantially reduces channel effects. Consequently, all these attributes combined will result in a hybrid WDM-Optical-CDMA with an optical vortex system over MMF.
An implementation of Short Time Fourier Transform for Harmonic Signal Detection
Authors: Basir M S S M , Ismail R C , Yusof K H , Katim N I A , Isa M N M , Naziri S Z M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Power electronic components has the tendency to induce a non-linear signal called harmonic distortion. Without proper monitoring tools, harmonic distortion can harm sensitive electronic equipment, and in worse case scenarios, may lead to unreliable operation of controller and misalignment of motoring unit. This matter can be compromised by taking safety precaution, by identifying the level of harmonic rise in the electrical system. This paper presents analysis on different characteristics of harmonic signal using frequency distribution technique, namely Fourier transform (FT), and proposal of time-frequency distribution (TFD) technique, which is a short time Fourier transform (STFT). The novelty of utilizing STFT is the analyzed signal is represented in both time and frequency marginals, hence providing extra information of the spectral over the time. Simulation was carried out using MATLAB, by means the results consisting of the magnitude of multi-frequency components signal were represented in time-frequency representation (TFR). From the TFR, parameters such as instantaneous RMS fundamental voltage, V1RMS(t), instantaneous RMS voltage, VRMS(t), instantaneous total waveform distortion, VTWD(t), instantaneous total harmonic distortion, VTHD(t) and instantaneous total nonharmonic distortion, VTnHD(t) had been extracted. The performance of different harmonic signals such as normal, single-level harmonic, multi-level harmonic, short duration harmonic and interharmonic had been analyzed. The performance based on absolute percentage error (APE) index indicated average of 93% of correctness using 256 window length in STFT measurement.
5G Visible Light Communication - OCDMA Setup using Catenated-OFDM Modulation Method
Authors: Nawawi N. M. , Abdullah S. R. , Syuhada Md Zain Aini , Anuar M. S. , Junita M. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a new high-speed architecture of visible light communication (VLC) system combining with zero cross correlation (ZCC) code of optical code division multiplexing (OCDMA) and novel catenated-OFDM modulation scheme. In order to achieved high spectral efficiency and higher bit rate system for 5G application, we embedded multiband catenated-OFDM modulation technique and OCDMA in VLC design system. Moreover, by employing visible laser diode (VLD) in designing VLC system, we achieved 10 Gbps bit rate at 2.5 dBm input power. We investigate this new combination system design to analyze the bit rate and bit error rate (BER) in 3 m indoor VLC channel propagation.
Solvent Effect on the Electrical and Structural Properties for MEH-PPV Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED)
Authors: Ismail N A N , Shaari S , Juhari N , Sabani N , Ahmad M F , Zakaria N F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of the electrical properties (J-V) and surface roughness of MEH-PPV based organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) towards solvent effect was investigated. The MEH-PPV layer was deposited using spin coating technique at fixed spun speed of 3000 rpm. Two different solvents, toluene and chloroform (CHCl3) and mixture toluene:CHCl3 with the ratio of 4:1 and 1:4 were used to dilute MEH-PPV at fixed concentration of 5 mgml-1. Apparently, the mixture of solvent makes the surface roughness of the MEH-PPV films reduced to 0.15 nm and 3.59 nm under the ratio 4:1 and 1:4 respectively. Besides, the mixture solvents makes the value of turn on voltage was dropped to ∼7.2 V and ∼9 V respectively compared to non-mixture solvent. The combination of different solvent apparently gives an effect on the electrical and structural properties of organic light-emitting diode.
Recent Advancements in Radio Frequency based Indoor Localization Techniques
Authors: Fong Peng Wye Kenny , Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria Syed , Munirah Kamarudin Latifah , Zakaria Ammar , Binti Ahmad Norhawati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in location-based services have heightened the needs for decent accuracy localization system for different applications. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides adequate accuracy in the outdoor environment but suffers from poor localization accuracy in the complex and dynamic indoor environment. Therefore, the number of indoor localization researches to apply in different applications with different technologies have increased in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to summarize recent advancements in Radio Frequency (RF) based indoor localization techniques and provide insights in the indoor localization field especially in the range based localization. The range based localization is then categorized into few common algorithms such as AOA, TOA, TDOA and RSS. The discussion between algorithms in term of their advantages, disadvantages and improvement strategies to improve their accuracy are also present in this paper.