bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of antibacterial efficacy using antibiotic encapsulated silica-containing redox nanoparticles
Authors: Tran Han Ngoc , Trinh Nhu-Thuy , Thien Pham Hoai-Ngan , Nguyen Hanh Thi Ngoc , Long Vong Binh 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Improving solubility and antibacterial efficiency of cephalothin by using silica-containing redox nanoparticle (siRNP) as a system to encapsulate and deliver this hydrophobic antibiotic.
Methods: siRNP was synthesized by assembling amphiphilic block copolymers possessing a reactive oxygen species scavenging nitroxide radical and drug absorptive silica moieties in a hydrophobic side chain. Cephalothin, a hydrophobic antibiotic, was encapsulated into siRNP (cephalothin@siRNP) by mixing and dialysis methods. Antibacterial activity of cephalothin@siRNP against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) và Escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated by the agar diffusion method.
Results: The average size of siRNP and cephalothin@siRNP was 43.83 nm and 50.15 nm, respectively. After encapsulation in siRNP, the solubility of cephalothin was improved compared to cephalothin in an aqueous solution. The result showed that in vitro antibacterial activities of cephalothin and cephalothin@siRNP had no statistical difference after 24 h incubation on agar plates on both S. aureus and E. coli. However, after an extended incubation time, regrowth of E. coli colonies in the inhibitory zone was found in cephalothin treated plate. Interestingly, E. coli regrowth was significantly reduced in plates treated with cephalothin@siRNP.
Conclusion: In this study, siRNP successfully encapsulated cephalothin and enhanced the solubility of this drug. The antibacterial activity of cephalothin is prolonged when encapsulated in siRNP, which suppressed the reccurrence of E. coli colonies. Cephalothin@siRNP has the potential to inhibit antibiotic resistance.
Study on Strain Rate Effect and Size Effect of Dynamic Response Characteristics of Granite
Authors: Hu Zhihang , Ning Yuying , Zhang Jiuyang , Zhao Jianyu 
Published: March 2021

Under impact load, the dynamic mechanical properties of rock are complex and changeable. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system was used to change the impact load to carry out different strain rate loading tests on granite with different aspect ratios, and to analyze the influence of strain rate and aspect ratio on the dynamic energy consumption of granite crushing. The results show that at an impact velocity of 14 m/s, the granite with an aspect ratio of 1.4 appears to be strip-shaped fragments after being broken; the granite with an aspect ratio of 1.0 uniform square fragments after being broken; the granite with an aspect ratio of 0.6 appears to be a large number of flat fragments after being broken. When the load strain rate of the granite with an aspect ratio of 0.6 increases from 50 s-1 to 150 s-1, the energy-time density index increases significantly; when the load strain rate exceeds 150 s-1, the energy-time density index decreases. When the strain rate of granite with an aspect ratio of 1.0 exceeds 80 s-1, the energy-time density increases significantly. When the strain rate of the granite with an aspect ratio of 1.4 exceeds 60 s-1, the rate of increase of the energy-time density of the rock increases significantly.
Wanci dan Binongko sebagai Dialek yang Berkerabat dalam Bahasa Wakatobi
Authors: Sari Nila Puspita 
Published: March 2021

Sound change happens in a language even a dialect sincronically or diachronically will create one or more language or dialect variations. This study aims at:1) to determine the relationship between Wanci and Binongko dialect, 2) to descibe lingistic eviedences which suppoort act of determining the relationship between those dialect. This study is a dialectology research by using quantitative and qualitative method. The source of data in this study was based on field data by doing a direct interview to 487 basic words, 37 possessive phrases dan 16 both transitive and question clauses. The end of this research shows that based on statistic measure by using dialectometry, Wanci and Binongko isolects have relationship in sub-dialect level with percentage about 46.65%. Besides, qualitative analysis by identifying retention and innovation in linguistics features, there is no significant differences between those sub-dialects. Furthermore, linguistics features, they are phonology, morphology and syntax can be applied as evidence in determining the relationship between or among dialects and sub-dialects.
Análise de diferentes protocolos dos exercícios aeróbicos na dor em mulheres com fibromialgia: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Claudia Kenia Fernandes da , Souza Edivan Germano de , Barbosa Hawerton da Silva , Silva José Felipe Costa da 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A fibromialgia apresenta-se como uma condição clínica reumatológica que é tida como uma síndrome dolorosa crônica. Dentre os sintomas destaca-se a dor, fadiga muscular, dificuldades para dormir, rigidez matinal e distúrbios cognitivos. Os exercícios podem auxiliar esses indivíduos na preservação da aptidão física e aumento da endorfina que juntos irão proporcionar uma melhora nana qualidade de vidas desses pacientes. Objetivos: avaliar os tipos de exercícios aeróbicos, em relação à frequência, intensidade e duração e os benefícios na redução do limiar da dor na fibromialgia. Métodos: o presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Onde as buscas foram realizadas através das bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, PEDro, Periódicos CAPES, LILACS e busca ativa das referências. Foram selecionados estudos que estivessem relacionados ao público feminino, ensaios clínicos, e estudos que tenham a dor como desfecho primário. Nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: Os estudos relacionados ao exercício aeróbico em pacientes com FM demostraram benefícios na redução da dor. Os mesmos evidenciaram que os pacientes que utilizaram o exercício aeróbico em seus protocolos contemplaram ganhos significativos na redução da sintomatologia dolorosa da FM. Conclusão: Sugere-se que o exercício aeróbico como tratamento não medicamentoso colabora com a redução da sintomatologia dolorosa em pacientes fibromiálgicos, desde que respeitem os limites de intensidade, frequências e duração desses indivíduos.
Influence of binary mixtures of cassava starch and rice flour on the chemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free bread
Authors: Nadal Juliana , Ávila Suelen , Boing Larissa , Pereira Mariana Milani , Quadros Diomar Augusto de , Gibbert Luciana , Silva Alisson David , Frizon Cátia Nara Tobaldini , Krüger Claudia Carneiro Hecke , Ferreira Sila Mary Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

In this study, response surface methodology based on simplex- centroid design was used to optimize the gluten-free bread formulation with rice flour and cassava starch as independent variables. Bread formulations were evaluated by physicochemical analysis and descriptive sensory analysis encompassing appearance, structure, texture, and aroma parameters by a trained sensory panel. The five formulations composition showed statistical differences concerning aw, lipid and protein content. Carbohydrate was significantly correlated with specific volume and lipids with protein. Overall, rice flour's addition improved lipid and protein, whereas further rises in cassava starch allowed developing bread with higher specific volume and sensory scores. The optimum combinations of the variables to maximize scores of porosity, texture, elasticity, and protein content, should be obtained with 51.75% of rice flour and 48.25% of cassava starch. The use of the simplex-centroid design and the response desirability function in the optimization was useful for evaluating the influence and potential of the binary mixture of rice flour and cassava starch on the sensory quality and chemical characteristics of gluten-free bread. These research findings open the scope for further investigation of rice flour and cassava starch and their useful application in gluten-free bread processing.
As estratégias para avaliação de aprendizagem empregadas em estudantes de enfermagem de ensino superior: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ribeiro Beatriz Queiroz , Tiroli Carla Fernanda , Bolorino Natacha , Souza Ana Beatriz Floriano de , González Alberto Durán , Dellaroza Mara Solange Gomes , Freitas Franciely Midori Bueno de , Ferreira Natalia Marciano de Araújo , Ribeiro Laís Cristina Gonçalves , Montanha Rafaela Marioto , Pereira Denise Andrade , Stieven Ariane Sabina , Pieri Flávia Meneguetti 
Published: March 2021

Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, com objetivo de identificar quais as estratégias para a avaliação de aprendizagem estão sendo empregadas aos estudantes de enfermagem de ensino superior. A pesquisa foi norteada pela estratégia PICO: qual a efetividade de intervenções avaliativas disponíveis na literatura científica sobre as estratégias para avaliação de aprendizagem aplicadas aos estudantes de enfermagem do nível superior? A busca por estudos foi realizada entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2019 nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, Medline, Scielo, BDENF, PubMed, CINAHL e Scopus. Foram incluídas 24 referências e identificadas 8 estratégias de avaliação. A maioria citou avaliação em práticas, seguida de feedback, avaliação teórica, avaliação interpares, autoavaliação, avaliação de trabalho em grupo e por último avaliação qualitativa. Observou-se que 75% (n=18) dos estudos inclusos foram realizados fora do cenário brasileiro. Dos estudos internacionais, 20,8% estão concentrados no Reino Unido, 12,5% em Hong Kong e 12,5% na Irlanda. No Brasil, os estudos se concentraram na região sudeste, com 12,5% em São Paulo e 8,3% em Minas Gerais. Quanto ao método utilizado, 66% dos artigos foram de abordagem qualitativa, 20,8% utilizaram de método quantitativo e 20,8% empregaram método misto, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Por fim, este estudo identificou como os principais instrumentos de avaliação usados no ensino superior de enfermagem: avaliação em práticas, feedback, portfólio, avaliação teórica, avaliação interpares, autoavaliação, avaliação de trabalho em grupo e avaliação qualitativa. Sugere-se a realização de estudos nacionais, a fim de ampliar as discussões e aprimorar as técnicas de avaliações aplicadas.
The Association Between Metformin Treatment and Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Jianfang , Lu Yi , Min Xinjia , Yuan Tan , Wei Jia , Cai Zhejun 
Published: March 2021

Background: Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the association between metformin and outcomes in T2DM patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still unknown. We aimed to explore the association between metformin and adverse outcome in T2DM patients with HFpEF.Methods: A total of 372 T2DM patients with HFpEF hospitalized from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, were included in this retrospective cohort study. There were 113 and 259 subjects in metformin and non-metformin group, respectively. Subjects were followed up for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, all-cause hospitalization, and heart failure hospitalization.Results: The median follow-up period was 47 months. Eleven patients (2.49% per patient-year) in the metformin group and 56 patients (5.52% per patient-year) in the non-metformin group deceased during follow-up (P = 0.031). However, a multivariable Cox regression failed to show that metformin was an independent factor of all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI) = 0.682 (0.346–1.345); P = 0.269]. A subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between metformin and all-cause mortality in patients with a higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (HbA1c ≥7%) [HR (95% CI) = 0.339 (0.117–0.997); P = 0.045]. The 4-year estimated number needed to treat (NNT) with metformin compared with non-metformin for all-cause mortality was 12 in all populations and 8 in the HbA1c ≥7% subgroup.Conclusions: Metformin was not independently associated with clinical outcomes in patients with T2DM and HFpEF, but was associated with lower all-cause mortality in the subgroup of patients with poor glycemic control. Prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed to further verify these findings.
Long Noncoding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript Promotes the Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines in LPS Stimulated Astrocyte Cell Via Sponging miR-29c-3p and Regulating Nuclear Factor of Activated T cell 5 Expression
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Yang Haojun , Chen Zhuohui , Hu Xinhang , Wu Tong , Liu Weiping 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAstrocyte activation promotes glutamate accumulation and secretion of inflammatory factors, mainly responsible for epilepsy. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST) regulates inflammation; however, the biological role and regulatory mechanism of XIST during astrocyte activation remain unclear.MethodsIn the present study, rat epilepsy model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CTX-TNA2 were established. XIST and miR-29c-3p expression were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) was measured using western blot analysis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and L-glutamate levels in the culture supernatants were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding between XIST and miR-29c-3p and between miR-29c-3p and the 3′-UTR of NFAT5 was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Biotin pull-down assay. The proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK8 and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsXIST expression and NFAT5 protein level was increased, whereas miR-29c-3p expression was decreased in the epilepsy rat model and LPS-treated CTX-TNA2 cells. Silenced XIST expression, miR-29c-3p overexpression, or silenced NFAT5 expression inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and promoted glutamate transport in LPS-treated CTX-TNA2 cells. miR-29c-3p was the potential miRNA sponged by XIST. NFAT5 acted as a direct binding target of miR-29c-3p. Silenced miR-29c-3p expression or NFAT5 overexpression reversed the effect of silenced XIST expression on LPS-treated CTX-TNA2.XIST and miR-29c-3p treatment does not affect NFAT5 mRNA expression, but affects NFAT5 protein level. Furthermore, underexpressed XIST or overexpressed miR-29c-3p in LPS-stimulated CTX-TNA2 can attenuate neuronal apoptosis induced by LPS-stimulated CTX-TNA2.ConclusionLncRNA XIST promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS- treated CTX-TNA2 via sponging miR-29c-3p and regulating NFAT5 expression.
Motivational Interviewing and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Tuomaala Anna-Kaisa , Hero Matti , Tuomisto Martti T. , Lähteenmäki Maria , Miettinen Päivi J. , Laine Tiina , Wehkalampi Karoliina , Kiiveri Sanne , Ahonen Pekka , Ojaniemi Marja , Kaunisto Kari , Tossavainen Päivi , Lapatto Risto , Sarkola Taisto , Pulkkinen Mari-Anne 
Published: March 2021

A multicenter randomized controlled pilot trial investigated whether motivational interviewing (MI) by diabetes physicians improves glycemic control and variability in the context of follow-up for adolescent patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 47) aged 12 to 15.9 years who showed poor glycemic control (HbA1c &gt;75 mmol/mol/9.0%) were randomized to standard education (SE) only or MI+SE, with study physicians randomized to employ MI+SE (N = 24 patients) or SE only (N = 23). For one year of follow-up, the main outcome measurements were obtained at three-month visits (HbA1c) or six-monthly: time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (CV). Mean adjusted 12-month change in HbA1c was similar between the MI+SE and SE-only group (-3.6 vs. -1.0 mmol/mol), and no inter-group differences were visible in the mean adjusted 12-month change in TIR (-0.8 vs. 2.6%; P = 0.53) or CV (-0.5 vs. -6.2; P = 0.26). However, the order of entering the study correlated significantly with the 12-month change in HbA1c in the MI+SE group (r = -0.5; P = 0.006) and not in the SE-only group (r = 0.2; P = 0.4). No link was evident between MI and changes in quality of life. The authors conclude that MI’s short-term use by diabetes physicians managing adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes was not superior to SE alone; however, improved skills in applying the MI method at the outpatient clinic may produce greater benefits in glycemic control.
Mini Review Immunological Consequences of Immunization With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Preliminary Results
Authors: Lombardi Andrea , Bozzi Giorgio , Ungaro Riccardo , Villa Simone , Castelli Valeria , Mangioni Davide , Muscatello Antonio , Gori Andrea , Bandera Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

Background:BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are the two recently approved mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 which has shown excellent safety and efficacy. Preliminary data about specific and neutralizing antibodies is available covering the first 100 days after vaccination.Methods:We reviewed all the publications regarding the immunologic consequences of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination. A summary of specific antibodies concentration and neutralizing antibodies titers elicited by each vaccine is provided.Results:BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 displayed a reassuring safety and efficacy profile, with the latter above 94%. They can elicit specific antibodies titers and neutralizing antibodies concentrations that are far superior from those observed among COVID-19 human convalescent serum, across a wide span of age, for at least 100 days after vaccination. Moreover, the vaccine-induced T cellular response is oriented toward a TH1 response and no evidence of vaccine-enhanced disease have been reported.Discussion:BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 can elicit specific antibodies titers and neutralizing antibodies concentrations above those observed among COVID-19 human convalescent serum in the first 100 days after vaccination. Data about vaccine efficacy in those with previous COVID-19 or immunocompromised is still limited.
Anti-aquaporin 4 IgG Is Not Associated With Any Clinical Disease Characteristics in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schmetzer Oliver , Lakin Elisa , Roediger Ben , Duchow Ankelien , Asseyer Susanna , Paul Friedemann , Siebert Nadja 
Published: March 2021

Background:Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a clinically defined, inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease of unknown cause, associated with humoral autoimmune findings such as anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG. Recent clinical trials showed a benefit of anti-B cell and anti-complement-antibodies in NMOSD, suggesting relevance of anti-AQP4-IgG in disease pathogenesis.Objective:AQP4-IgG in NMOSD is clearly defined, yet up to 40% of the patients are negative for AQP4-IgG. This may indicate that AQP4-IgG is not disease-driving in NMOSD or defines a distinct patient endotype.Methods:We established a biobank of 63 clinically well-characterized NMOSD patients with an extensive annotation of 351 symptoms, patient characteristics, laboratory results and clinical scores. We used phylogenetic clustering, heatmaps, principal component and longitudinal causal interference analyses to test for the relevance of anti-AQP4-IgG.Results:Anti-AQP4-IgG was undetectable in 29 (46%) of the 63 NMOSD patients. Within anti-AQP4-IgG-positive patients, anti-AQP4-IgG titers did not correlate with clinical disease activity. Comparing anti-AQP4-IgG-positive vs. -negative patients did not delineate any clinically defined subgroup. However, anti-AQP4-IgG positive patients had a significantly (p= 0.022) higher rate of additional autoimmune diagnoses.Conclusion:Our results challenge the assumption that anti-AQP4-IgG alone plays a disease-driving role in NMOSD. Anti-AQP4-IgG might represent an epiphenomenon associated with NMOSD, may represent one of several immune mechanisms that collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease or indeed, anti-AQP4-IgG might be the relevant factor in only a subgroup of patients.
Evaluating and Balancing the Risk of Breast Cancer-Specific Death and Other Cause-Specific Death in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Peng Yuan , Hu Taobo , Cheng Lin , Tong Fuzhong , Cao Yingming , Liu Peng , Zhou Bo , Liu Miao , Liu Hongjun , Guo Jiajia , Xie Fei , Yang Houpu , Wang Siyuan , Wang Chaobin , Wang Shu 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The dilemma of undertreatment and overtreatment of elderly breast cancer patients is common. This study aimed to investigate clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 70 years or over, and to assist clinicians in developing individualized treatment plans by balancing the risks of breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) and other cause-specific death (OCSD).Methods: This retrospective study included 420 women who were diagnosed with pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer at age 70 years or older from January 2008 to December 2015 at Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH). We collected baseline health status, tumor characteristics, treatment choices, and outcomes and created nomograms for clinicians to estimate individualized BCSD and OCSD risk directly.Results: During a median follow-up of 71.5 months (range 2 to 144 months) in patients with stage I–III tumors, breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was 92.4% (376/407) and overall survival (OS) was 78.1% (318/407). There were 89 deaths, and 65.2% (58/89) were non-breast cancer related. Upon multivariate analysis by Cox regression model, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, Ki-67, and surgery were independent predictors of BCSS, and comorbidities, positive lymph nodes, Ki-67, surgery, and endocrine therapy were independent predictors of OS. Propensity score weighted (PSW) was applied to analyze therapeutic efficacy, and there was BCSS and OS benefit with surgery (both p &lt; 0.001), BCSS benefit with chemotherapy (p = 0.029), BCSS and OS benefit with endocrine therapy (p = 0.006 and 0.004), and neither BCSS nor OS benefit with radiotherapy (RT) (p = 0.348 and 0.289). Competing-risk nomograms were developed to estimate cumulative mortality probabilities for BCSD and OCSD for individual patients according to clinicopathologic characteristics and treatments. The calibration curves displayed exceptionally, with C-indexes 0.714 for BCSD and 0.717 for OCSD.Conclusions: Older patients had greater risk of dying from non-breast cancer causes. Surgery, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy were associated with improved survival. Competing risk nomograms allowed individual assessment of BCSD and OCSD, based on clinicopathological characteristics and treatment options, and can be used as a tool to help in choosing appropriate treatment strategies.This study was approved by the Peking University People's Hospital Research Ethics Board on September 4, 2018.