bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional isospectral and non-isospectral AKNS hierarchies and their analytic methods for N-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAblowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) linear spectral problem gives birth to many important nonlinear mathematical physics equations including nonlocal ones. This paper derives two fractional order AKNS hierarchies which have not been reported in the literature by equipping the AKNS spectral problem and its adjoint equations with local fractional order partial derivative for the first time. One is the space-time fractional order isospectral AKNS (stfisAKNS) hierarchy, three reductions of which generate the fractional order local and nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (flnNLS) and modified Kortweg–de Vries (fmKdV) hierarchies as well as reverse-tNLS (frtNLS) hierarchy, and the other is the time-fractional order non-isospectral AKNS (tfnisAKNS) hierarchy. By transforming the stfisAKNS hierarchy into two fractional bilinear forms and reconstructing the potentials from fractional scattering data corresponding to the tfnisAKNS hierarchy, three pairs of uniform formulas of novelN-fractal solutions with Mittag-Leffler functions are obtained through the Hirota bilinear method (HBM) and the inverse scattering transform (IST). Restricted to the Cantor set, some obtained continuous everywhere but nondifferentiable one- and two-fractal solutions are shown by figures directly. More meaningfully, the problems worth exploring of constructingN-fractal solutions of soliton equation hierarchies by HBM and IST are solved, taking stfisAKNS and tfnisAKNS hierarchies as examples, from the point of view of local fractional order derivatives. Furthermore, this paper shows that HBM and IST can be used to construct someN-fractal solutions of other soliton equation hierarchies.
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q-13): expanding on the short form
Authors: Lev-Ari Lilac , Bachner-Melman Rachel , Zohar Ada H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
The Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is widely used but time-consuming to complete. In recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of several brief versions have therefore been investigated. A seven-item scale (EDE-Q-7) has excellent psychometric properties but excludes items on bingeing and purging. This study aimed to evaluate a thirteen-item scale (EDE-Q-13) including items on bingeing and purging.

Method
Participants were 1160 (188 [11.4%] males) community volunteers of mean age 28.79 ± 9.92. They completed the full EDE-Q in Hebrew, as well as measures of positive body experience, social and emotional connection, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and positive eating. The six EDE-Q items about bingeing and purging, recoded to correspond to the response categories of the other EDE-Q questions, were added to the EDE-Q-7, resulting in the EDE-Q-13.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized EDE-Q-13 structure, including the bingeing and purging subscales. Strong positive correlations were found between the EDE-Q-13 and the original EDE-Q scores. The EDE-Q-13 showed convergent validity with related measures.

Conclusions
The EDE-Q-13 in Hebrew is a brief version of the EDE-Q that includes bingeing and purging subscales and has satisfactory psychometric properties. Its use in clinical and research contexts is encouraged.
Transcriptome investigation of anti‐inflammation and immuno‐regulation mechanism of taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Bao Lige , Hao Dacheng , Wang Xu , He Xiuling , Mao Wei , Li Peifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the major active components in bile acid. It was proven to have inhibitory activities on inflammation and also participate in host immuno-regulation. TCDCA exerts anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated genomic signaling pathway and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) mediated AC-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. However, it is unclear whether GR or TGR5 plays an important role in the regulatory effects of TCDCA. In order to further investigate this effects mechanism of TCDCA, the research use the transcriptome to identify the major genes and pathway in the anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects.

Methods
After the Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) being treated by different concentrations (10− 5, 10− 6 and 10− 7 M) of TCDCA for 12 h, the resulting mRNA was analyzed by RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes were screened from sequencing results using bioinformatics techniques. In the next step, other published literature were referred in order to find out whether those genes mentioned above are related to inflammation. The final selected differentially expressed genes associated with inflammation were then validated by q-PCR and western blot assays.

Results
Five genes associated with anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory effects, include Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor-9 (SRSF9), Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and Cystatin B (CSTB) were identified. TCDCA at the concentrations of 10− 5, 10− 6 and 10− 7 M significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of SRSF9 and GPX3 and also up-regulate the mRNA expression of CSTB, CTGF and GAPDH. RNA-seq results of GPX3 and SRSF9 expression were consistent with q-PCR results, while q-PCR results of CTGF, GAPDH showed inconsistent with their RNA-seq results. Q-PCR result of CSTB expression also showed inconsistent with the RNA-seq result.

Conclusions
The anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory activities of TCDCA are proven to be related to the up-regulation expression of GPX3, SRSF9 and CSTB.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metagenome-assembled genomes infer potential microbial metabolism in alkaline sulphidic tailings
Authors: Li Wenjun , Li Xiaofang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Mine tailings are hostile environment. It has been well documented that several microbes can inhabit such environment, and metagenomic reconstruction has successfully pinpointed their activities and community structure in acidic tailings environments. We still know little about the microbial metabolic capacities of alkaline sulphidic environment where microbial processes are critically important for the revegetation. Microbial communities therein may not only provide soil functions, but also ameliorate the environment stresses for plants’ survival.

Results
In this study, we detected a considerable amount of viable bacterial and archaeal cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization in alkaline sulphidic tailings from Mt Isa, Queensland. By taking advantage of high-throughput sequencing and up-to-date metagenomic binning technology, we reconstructed the microbial community structure and potential coupled iron and nitrogen metabolism pathways in the tailings. Assembly of 10 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with 5 nearly complete, was achieved. From this, detailed insights into the community metabolic capabilities was derived. Dominant microbial species were seen to possess powerful resistance systems for osmotic, metal and oxidative stresses. Additionally, these community members had metabolic capabilities for sulphide oxidation, for causing increased salinity and metal release, and for leading to N depletion.

Conclusions
Here our results show that a considerable amount of microbial cells inhabit the mine tailings, who possess a variety of genes for stress response. Metabolic reconstruction infers that the microbial consortia may actively accelerate the sulphide weathering and N depletion therein.
Three cases of paroxysmal alien limb phenomena due to epileptic seizures and review of literatures
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Liu Yang , Yu Hao , Liu Qingzhu , Wang Shuang , Liu Xiaoyan , Cai Lixin , Wu Xun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The alien hand phenomenon (AHP) is a rare disorder of involuntary limb movement together with a loss of sense of limb ownership. AHP occurs as a consequence of frontal, callosal, or posterior cerebral lesions. To characterize the phenomenon of AHP, three patients with paroxysmal AHP were described and proved to be focal seizures by using video-EEG monitoring.

Method
Clinical history of 3 epileptic patients with AHP was collected. EEG and MRI were performed in each patient. One patient completed EEG monitoring and postoperative pathological examination. We also review the recent literatures and summarize the characteristics, types and hypothetic mechanisms of epileptic AHP.

Results
Case 1 had AHP of the left arm followed by the left arm convulsion or AHP only. MRI imaging showed a lesion in the posterior parietal lobe. After complete resection of the lesion, he remained seizure free for 1.5 years. Cases 2 and 3 had AHP and convulsion. The three cases did not have auto-motor signs, so they were identified to be the posterior type of APH.

Conclusions
The mechanism underlying AHP remains poorly .understood. Currently, little is known for the epileptic paroxysmal AHP, a quite rare form of AHP. AHP can be represented before or immediately after convulsion, or be represented by the paroxysmal symptom only.
PRRT2 gene and protein in human: characteristics, evolution and function
Authors: Li Yinchao , Chen Shuda , Wang Chengzhe , Wang Peiling , Li Xi , Zhou Liemin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study was designed to characterize human PRRT2 gene and protein, in order to provide theoretical reference for research on regulation of PRRT2 expression and its involvement in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and other related diseases.

Method
Biological softwares Protparam, Protscale, MHMM, SignalP 5.0, NetPhos 3.1, Swiss-Model, Promoter 2.0, AliBaba2.1 and EMBOSS were used to analyze the sequence characteristics, transcription factors of human PRRT2 and their binding sites in the promoter region of the gene, as well as the physicochemical properties, signal peptides, hydrophobicity property, transmembrane regions, protein structure, interacting proteins and functions of PRRT2 protein.

Results
(1) Evolutionary analysis of PRRT2 protein showed that the human PRRT2 had closest genetic distance from Pongo abelii. (2) The human PRRT2 protein was an unstable hydrophilic protein located on the plasma membrane. (3) The forms of random coil (67.65%) and alpha helix (23.24%) constituted the main secondary structure elements of PRRT2 protein. There were also multiple potential phosphorylation sites in the protein. (4) The results of ontology analysis showed that the cellular component of PRRT2 protein was located in the plasma membrane; the molecular function of PRRT2 included syntaxin-1 binding and SH3 domain binding; the PRRT2 protein is involved in biological processes of negative regulation of soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly and calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion. (5) String database analysis revealed 10 proteins with close interactions with the human PRRT2 protein. (6) There were at least two promoter regions in the PRRT2 gene within 2000 bp upstream the 5' flank, a 304-bp CpG island in the promoter region and four GC boxes in the 5' regulatory region of PRRT2 gene and we found 13 transcription factors that could bind the promoter region of the PRRT2 gene.

Conclusion
These results provide important information for further studies on the role of PRRT2 gene and identify their functions.
Trends of arthroscopy publications in PubMed and Scopus
Authors: Kambhampati Srinivas B. S. , Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju , Patralekh Mohit Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Arthroscopy is an established sub-speciality in orthopaedics. With advancing technology, instrumentation and implants, this sub-speciality has seen an explosion of knowledge and techniques since its inception. The indications for arthroscopic management are increasing and, hence, the number of publications on this topic. There has been no study looking into the bibliometrics of all publications within this speciality. The purpose of this study was to look into the trends of published articles on arthroscopy from PubMed and Scopus including studying their citation numbers.

Materials and methods
We set out to look into the number of publications from the earliest up to 2019 and their trends and citation numbers in PubMed and Scopus. We also performed a VOS viewer analysis of MeSH terms and titles of publications to look at research trends over time.

Results
There were 41,149 articles published on PubMed since 1955 and 50,373 articles on Scopus since 1939. The total number of citations were 912,630 for 38,338 cited articles. With 2864 publications in 2019, there was a more than four-fold increase from the number published in the year 2000. The knee joint was the most frequently published joint with an increasing trend in hip arthroscopy. Cohort studies were the most common with 13,180 articles followed by Reviews with 5746 articles. The top 10 authors, universities and journals were listed along with citation numbers. We analysed the trends of publications for each joint and compared them. Yearly citations have progressively increased to reach a maximum of 45,407 in 2007. Arthroscopy was the most published and cited journal on this topic. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) (Am) had the most citations per article. The USA and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York were the most published country and university, respectively.

Conclusions
There is a healthy growth of publications on the subject of arthroscopy with a steep increase in the number of publications and citations in recent years. VOS Viewer analysis showed an evolution of research and practice in the field of arthroscopy. Recommendations were made for databases and search engines to improve on the search and analysis of such studies in the future.

Level of evidence
4
Witnesses to Freedom: Paula's Enslavement, Her Family's Freedom Suit, and the Making of a Counterarchive in the South Atlantic World
Authors: Marquez John C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 1753, a pregnant woman named Paula was kidnapped in Angola, enslaved, and taken to Brazil. Four decades later, in 1794, Paula's children and grandchildren, 15 in total, filed a lawsuit for their family's freedom in Rio de Janeiro claiming that Paula was a free woman in Angola before her enslavement. This article reconstructs Paula and her descendants' multigenerational legal battle and reveals that their struggle for freedom was, in large part, a struggle against archives. I examine a unique aspect of the freedom suit: witness testimony from Paula's former kin and community in Angola, collected across the Atlantic Ocean four decades after Paula's enslavement. I argue that the memory and testimony of Paula's kin and community in Angola formed a powerful counterarchive that not only narrated her freedom in Angola but also challenged the Brazilian colonial archive's reliance on paper evidence of freedom.
A Conversation with Erin Christovale about You are mine. I see now, I'm a have to let you go
Authors: Raengo Alessandra , Cramer Lauren McLeod 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Critical Art Encounters offer sustained and at times meditative engagements with contemporary artworks. This Critical Art Encounter is a kind of reprise, a return to a joint performance by visual artist Suné Woods, poet and theorist Fred Moten, and musician and theorist James Gordon Williams. Titled You are mine. I see now, I'm a have to let you go, the piece was performed live at the Hammer Museum during their 2018 biennial event “Made in L.A.” This special section of liquid blackness aims to sample the fully realized collaboration and audiovisual experimentation that took place in the largely improvised art event. This Critical Art Encounter includes the intimate ecological exploration that takes place in Woods's video work; Moten's poem “the general balm,” which was written in part for the performance and later published in his book of poetry and criticism all that beauty (2019); and finally, a conversation with Erin Christovale, an associate curator at the Hammer who helped organize the event. Although not all three artists are featured (Williams's original compositions can be heard in the footage from the performance), we were fortunate to expand this creative dialogue by including a curatorial perspective. Thus we are able to consider how this work expresses liquidity as both a concern of contemporary black art and a call to the congregation.
Scaling and development of elastic mechanisms: the tiny strikes of larval mantis shrimp
Authors: Harrison Jacob S. , Porter Megan L. , McHenry Matthew J. , Robinson H. Eve , Patek S. N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA) is used by small organisms to produce high acceleration movements. Mathematical models predict that acceleration increases as LaMSA systems decrease in size. Adult mantis shrimp use a LaMSA mechanism in their raptorial appendages to produce extremely fast strikes. Until now, however, it was unclear whether mantis shrimp at earlier life-history stages also strike using elastic recoil and latch mediation. We tested whether larval mantis shrimp (Gonodactylaceus falcatus) use LaMSA and, because of their smaller size, achieve higher strike accelerations than adults of other mantis shrimp species. Based on microscopy and kinematic analyses, we discovered that larval G. falcatus possess the components of, and actively use, LaMSA during their fourth larval stage, which is the stage of development when larvae begin feeding. Larvae performed strikes at high acceleration and speed (mean: 4.133×105 rad s−2, 292.7 rad s−1; 12 individuals, 25 strikes), which are of the same order of magnitude as for adults – even though adult appendages are up to two orders of magnitude longer. Larval strike speed (mean: 0.385 m s−1) exceeded the maximum swimming speed of similarly sized organisms from other species by several orders of magnitude. These findings establish the developmental timing and scaling of the mantis shrimp LaMSA mechanism and provide insights into the kinematic consequences of scaling limits in tiny elastic mechanisms.
Strategic treatment optimization for HCV (STOPHCV1): a randomised controlled trial of ultrashort duration therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cooke Graham S. , Pett Sarah , McCabe Leanne , Jones Chris , Gilson Richard , Verma Sumita , Ryder Stephen D. , Collier Jane D. , Barclay Stephen T. , Ala Aftab , Bhagani Sanjay , Nelson Mark , Ch'Ng Chinlye , Stone Ben , Wiselka Martin , Forton Daniel , McPherson Stuart , Halford Rachel , Nguyen Dung , Smith David , Ansari Azim , Dennis Emily , Hudson Fleur , Barnes Eleanor J. , Walker Ann Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Background: The world health organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy. Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were randomised to fixed-duration shortened therapy (8 weeks) vs variable-duration ultrashort strategies (VUS1/2). Participants not cured following first-line treatment were retreated with 12 weeks’ sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after first-line treatment and retreatment. Participants were factorially randomised to receive ribavirin with first-line treatment. Results: All evaluable participants achieved SVR12 overall (197/197, 100% [95% CI 98-100]) demonstrating non-inferiority between fixed-duration and variable-duration strategies (difference 0% [95% CI -3.8%, +3.7%], 4% pre-specified non-inferiority margin). First-line SVR12 was 91% [86%-97%] (92/101) for fixed-duration vs 48% [39%-57%] (47/98) for variable-duration, but was significantly higher for VUS2 (72% [56%-87%] (23/32)) than VUS1 (36% [25%-48%] (24/66)). Overall, first-line SVR12 was 72% [65%-78%] (70/101) without ribavirin and 68% [61%-76%] (69/98) with ribavirin (p=0.48). At treatment failure, the emergence of viral resistance was lower with ribavirin (12% [2%-30%] (3/26)) than without (38% [21%-58%] (11/29), p=0.01). Conclusions: Unsuccessful first-line short-course therapy did not compromise retreatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin (100% SVR12). SVR12 rates were significantly increased when ultrashort treatment varied between 4-7 weeks rather than 4-6 weeks. Ribavirin significantly reduced resistance emergence in those failing first-line therapy. ISRCTN Registration: 37915093 (11/04/2016).
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among All-Payer Claimants With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Phillips Kimberly G. , Wishengrad Jeanne S. , Houtenville Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inpatient hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) among beneficiaries with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) were examined using Medicaid and commercial claims from 2010–2014 in New Hampshire. IDD was defined with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes using algorithms from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and inpatient encounters were identified using the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. In adjusted analyses, beneficiaries with IDD had more hospitalizations for ACSC than those without IDD in both insurance groups. Differences in patterns of ACSC prevalence, comorbidities, and hospital admissions between the commercially and Medicaid-insured groups show the value of using all-payer claims data, when possible, to understand health needs and health care utilization of insurance beneficiaries with IDD.
Practicing Keywords to Increase Reading Performance of Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Stevens Mallory A. , Burns Matthew K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine the extent to which practicing keywords increased word recognition, reading fluency and comprehension for students with intellectual disability (ID). The dependent measures included word recognition (i.e., the percentage of previously unknown keywords read correctly in the given text), reading fluency (i.e., words read correctly in 1 minute), and reading comprehension (i.e., number of questions answered correctly out of five). The participants were three fourth-grade students who were identified as having ID in early childhood with IQ scores of 45, 62, and 78. Words from reading passages were practiced with Incremental Rehearsal (IR) using a multielement, single-case design. Practicing keywords led to higher subsequent in-text recognition and generalization for a high percentage of the taught words. Additionally, there was clear experimental control for increases in reading fluency. There was not a strong effect on reading comprehension. Implications for research and practice are discussed.