bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting Decision Rules to Estimate Occupational Metalworking Fluid Exposure in a Case–Control Study of Bladder Cancer in Spain
Authors: Josse Pabitra R , Koutros Stella , Tardon Adonina , Rothman Nathaniel , Silverman Debra T , Friesen Melissa C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We adapted previously developed decision rules from the New England Bladder Cancer Study (NEBCS) to assign occupational exposure to straight, soluble, and synthetic metalworking fluids (MWFs) to participants of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study (SBCS).

Methods
The SBCS and NEBCS are case–control studies that used the same lifetime occupational history and job module questionnaires. We adapted published decision rules from the NEBCS that linked questionnaire responses to estimates of the probability (&lt;5, ≥5 to &lt;50, ≥50 to &lt;100, and 100%), frequency (in h week−1), and intensity (in mg m−3) of exposure to each of the three broad classes of MWFs to assign exposure to 10 182 reported jobs in the SBCS. The decision rules used the participant’s module responses to MWF questions wherever possible. We then used these SBCS module responses to calculate job-, industry-, and time-specific patterns in the prevalence and frequency of MWF exposure. These estimates replaced the NEBCS-specific estimates in decision rules applied to jobs without MWF module responses. Intensity estimates were predicted using a previously developed statistical model that used the decade, industry (three categories), operation (grinding versus machining), and MWF type extracted from the SBCS questionnaire responses. We also developed new decision rules to assess mineral oil exposure from non-machining sources (possibly exposed versus not exposed). The decision rules for MWF and mineral oil identified questionnaire response patterns that required job-by-job expert review.

Results
To assign MWF exposure, we applied decision rules that incorporated participant’s responses and job group patterns for 99% of the jobs and conducted expert review of the remaining 1% (145) jobs. Overall, 14% of the jobs were assessed as having ≥5% probability of exposure to at least one of the three MWFs. Probability of exposure of ≥50% to soluble, straight, and synthetic MWFs was identified in 2.5, 1.7, and 0.5% of the jobs, respectively. To assign mineral oil from non-machining sources, we used module responses for 49% of jobs, a job-exposure matrix for 41% of jobs, and expert review for the remaining 10%. We identified 24% of jobs as possibly exposed to mineral oil from non-machining sources.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that we could adapt existing decision rules to assess exposure in a new population by deriving population-specific job group patterns.
Classifying domain-specific text documents containing ambiguous keywords
Authors: Karimi Kamran , Agalakov Sergei , Telmer Cheryl A , Beatman Thomas R , Pells Troy J , Arshinoff Bradley Im , Ku Carolyn J , Foley Saoirse , Hinman Veronica F , Ettensohn Charles A , Vize Peter D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A keyword-based search of comprehensive databases such as PubMed may return irrelevant papers, especially if the keywords are used in multiple fields of study. In such cases, domain experts (curators) need to verify the results and remove the irrelevant articles. Automating this filtering process will save time, but it has to be done well enough to ensure few relevant papers are rejected and few irrelevant papers are accepted. A good solution would be fast, work with the limited amount of data freely available (full paper body may be missing), handle ambiguous keywords and be as domain-neutral as possible. In this paper, we evaluate a number of classification algorithms for identifying a domain-specific set of papers about echinoderm species and show that the resulting tool satisfies most of the abovementioned requirements. Echinoderms consist of a number of very different organisms, including brittle stars, sea stars (starfish), sea urchins and sea cucumbers. While their taxonomic identifiers are specific, the common names are used in many other contexts, creating ambiguity and making a keyword search prone to error. We try classifiers using Linear, Naïve Bayes, Nearest Neighbor, Tree, SVM, Bagging, AdaBoost and Neural Network learning models and compare their performance. We show how effective the resulting classifiers are in filtering irrelevant articles returned from PubMed. The methodology used is more dependent on the good selection of training data and is a practical solution that can be applied to other fields of study facing similar challenges.
Database URL: The code and date reported in this paper are freely available at http://xenbaseturbofrog.org/pub/Text-Topic-Classifier/
322 THORACOSCOPIC RETROSTERNAL GASTRIC CONDUIT RESECTION IN THE SUPINE POSITION FOR GASTRIC TUBE CANCER
Authors: Horie Kazumasa , Oshikiri Taro , Horikawa Manabu , Kitamura Yu , Takiguchi Gosuke , Urakawa Naoki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masashi , Kanaji Shingo , Matsuda Yoshiko , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Nakamura Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Recent advances in treatment for esophageal cancer have improved prognosis after esophagectomy, but they have led to an increased incidence of gastric conduit cancer. In most gastric conduit cancer patients who underwent retrosternal reconstruction, median sternotomy is performed, which is associated with a risk of postoperative bleeding and osteomyelitis; pain often negatively affects respiration. To avoid these problems, we developed thoracoscopic retrosternal gastric conduit resection in the supine position (TRGR-S) as new procedure.

Methods
We performed the first case of TRGR-S for a 75-year-old male with retrosternal gastric conduit cancer. He was placed in the supine position. Four ports were placed in the left chest wall. The gastric conduit was separated from the epicardium, sternum, and left brachiocephalic vein. Due to adhesions between the gastric tube and the right pleura, combined resection of the right pleura was performed. Next, pediculated jejunal reconstruction via the presternal route was performed.

Results
Because there were few adhesions in the left thoracic cavity, this approach provided safety and a good surgical view, and it was easy to recognize the landmark including epicardium, sternum, and left brachiocephalic vein leading to appropriate resection of the tissue. Furthermore, there were few restrictions on the operative angle for the forceps and operability was quite ergonomic. Moreover, the lungs can be noninvasively contracted via an artificial pneumothorax. The pathological diagnosis was signet ring cell carcinoma (pT1b, pN0, M0, pStage I), indicating R0 resection. There were no post-operative complications.

Conclusion
This approach does not require sternotomy, so it has less risk of postoperative bleeding and osteomyelitis. Due to fewer adhesions, this approach is safe and provides a good surgical view. TRGR-S is a safe, ergonomic, and reliable procedure for resection of retrosternal gastric conduit cancer.

Video
This is the video of the operation ‘TRGR-S’, which is the new procedure for the gastric conduit cancer. https://www.dropbox.com/s/2whnekgp73hw1lz/video%20for%20ISDE2020.mov?dl=0.
645 THE OUTCOMES OF PALLIATIVE SELF-EXPANDING METALLIC SEM) STENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INOPERABLE ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA.
Authors: Lim Kheng Tian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The incidence of esophageal carcinoma (EC) in Singapore is declining since 1970s. However, the age-incidence curve in 2010s shows a steep rise after age 40-50s. The majority of EC patients presented late with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The outcomes of inoperable esophageal carcinoma treated with palliative self-expanding metallic (SEM) stents were reviewed.

Methods
Consecutive cases of EC including Siewert Type I adenocarcinoma of esophago-gastric junction (AEG) were identified from electronic medical records from August 2015 to February 2021. There were 78 cases of EC and of which 14 were stented. The outcomes of inoperable or metastatic EC cases treated with palliative SEM stents were analyzed. Other palliative treatment included best supportive care and palliative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy.

Results
The demographics showed the mean age of 73 ± 11 years with ECOG score 0-1 in 86% and mean BMI 19.1 ± 3.8. All were males with the risks from smoking in 85% and alcohol in 50%. The mean length of EC was 6.2 ± 2.6 cm. There were 10 Wallflex and 4 Ultraflex partially covered stents deployed successfully. The pre-stent dysphagia score was 3 in 72% and 4 in 29% whilst all had post-stent score of 1. The mean duration of survival was 4.4 ± 4.1 months. Post-stent complications included stent migration without obstruction and food bolus obstruction.

Conclusion
About 18% of patients diagnosed with advanced symptomatic EC were treated with palliative SEM stent insertion in a safe and effective manner. Those at risk were elderly males with smoking history. All stented cases had immediate improvement of dysphagia score and were able to tolerate soft diet. The overall duration of survival was variable up to 1 year likely due to different tumour biology and concurrent palliative systemic therapy.
648 APPLICATION OF THE GLOBAL LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE ON MALNUTRITION (GLIM) CRITERIA IN PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Wang Peiyu , Li Yin , Liu Xianben 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In 2019, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) established global malnutrition diagnostic criteria and classification methods. This study aimed to investigate the application of GLIM criteria in nutrition assessment and perioperative management in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy.

Methods
A prospective institutional database of 212 esophageal cancer patients was reviewed. The property of the GLIM criteria in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting adverse therapeutic outcomes were evaluated. The two-step approach of initially screening malnutrition risk with conventional tools and then establishing diagnosis and classification with the GLIM criteria was investigated. The candidate malnutrition screening tools include the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, the Short-Form of Mini Nutritional Assessment, and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index.

Results
Among the included 192 patients, the proportions of moderate and severe malnutrition diagnosed by the GLIM criteria were 42.7% and 30.2% before surgery. In multivariable analyses, severe malnutrition was predictive of perioperative overall complications and major complications (both P &lt; 0.001). Among the four candidates, malnutrition screened by the MUST showed highest sensitivity (90.7%), specificity (92.3%) and diagnosis consistency with the GLIM criteria. The two-step approach of MUST-GLIM showed comparable performance with pure GLIM criteria in predicting perioperative morbidities and survival outcomes, better than the conjunction of other three malnutrition screening tools with the GLIM criteria.

Conclusion
The GLIM criteria should be highlighted in perioperative management of esophageal cancer patients. The MUST is the recommended initial malnutrition screening tool in implementing the GLIM criteria.
681 PATTERN OF RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH A PATHOLOGICALLY COMPLETE RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY AND SURGERY FOR OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Jongh Marloes , Eyck Ben M , Werf Leonie R , Toxopeus Eelke L A , Lanschot J Jan B , Lagarde Sjoerd M , Gaast Ate , Nuyttens Joost , Wijnhoven Bas P L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery is a widely used treatment for locally advanced resectable oesophageal cancer, with 20 and 50% of patients having a pathological complete response (pCR). Disease, however, still recurs in 20–30% of these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of recurrence in patients with pCR after nCRT and surgery.

Methods
All patients with pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery included in the phase II and III ChemoRadiotherapy for Oesophageal followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) trials (April 2001—March 2009) and after the CROSS trials (September 2009—October 2017) were identified. The site of recurrence was compared to the applied radiation and surgical fields. Outcomes were median time to recurrence, overall and progression-free survivals.

Results
A total of 141 patients with a median follow-up of 100 (interquartile range [IQR] 64–134) months were included. Some 29 of 141 patients (21%) developed recurrence. Of these, four (14%) had isolated locoregional recurrence, 15 (52%) distant recurrence only and ten (34%) had both locoregional and distant recurrence. Among the 14 patients with locoregional recurrences, five were within the radiation field, seven outside the radiation field and two at the border. Median (IQR) time to recurrence was 24 (10–62) months. The 5-year overall survival was 74% and recurrence-free survival 70%.

Conclusion
Despite good overall survival, recurrence still occurred in 21% of patients. Most recurrences were distant, outside the radiation and surgical fields.
731 RISK OF ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA IN MEN RECEIVING ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Shore Richard , Yu Jingru , Ye Weimin , Lagergren Jesper , Rutegård Martin , Akre Olof , Stattin Pär , Lindblad Mats 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

There is an unexplained male predominance in the incidence of esophageal (EAC) and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) which cannot be explained by known risk factors. Differences in the exposures to sex hormones may play a part in the observed sex difference. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that androgens increase the risk of EAC, cardia GAC, and non-cardia GAC. We analysed a matched cohort based on a national Swedish database of prostate cancer patients.

Methods
Prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were the exposed group. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed control group. The participants were followed until a diagnosis of esophageal or gastric cancer, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma among ADT-exposed compared to unexposed was calculated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for confounders.

Results
There was a risk reduction of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma among ADT-users compared to non-users (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.24–0.98]). No such decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.17 [95% CI 0.60–2.32]), cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.40–2.46]), or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.99 [95% CI 0.31–3.13]).

Conclusion
This study indicates that androgen deprivation therapy decreases the risk of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, while no decreased risk was found for esophageal adenocarcinoma, cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, or esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
Trends and predictors of 30-day readmissions in subjects with eosinophilic esophagitis: results from a national cohort
Authors: Srinivasan Sachin , Sundaram Suneha , Kennedy Kevin F , Kohli Divyanshoo R , Emura Fabian , Sharma Prateek , Desai Madhav 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Background
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory condition causing recurrent dysphagia and may predispose patients to repeated hospitalizations. We assessed temporal trends and factors affecting readmissions in patients with EoE.

Methods
Patients with primary diagnosis of EoE and/or a complication (dysphagia, weight loss, and esophageal perforation) from EoE between 2010 and 2017 were identified from the National Readmissions Database using the International Classification of Diseases codes. The primary outcome was incidence of EoE related 30-day readmission. Independent risk factors for readmissions were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcomes were temporal trends of readmissions and healthcare costs.

Results
Of the 2,676 (mean age 45 ± 17.8 years, 1,667 males) index adult admissions, 2,103 (79%) patients underwent an upper endoscopy during the admission. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 3 ± 3.7 days. The 30-day readmission rate was steady at 6.8% from 2010 to 2017 and majority of the readmissions occurred by day 10 of index discharge. Age &gt; 70 years was associated with a higher trend in 30-day readmission (P &lt; 0.001). Longer LOS, history of smoking and the presence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis predicted readmission. Conversely, a history of foreign body impaction and upper endoscopy (including esophageal dilation) at index admission were negatively associated with readmission. Mean hospital charges significantly increased from $24,783 in 2010 to $40,922 in 2017.

Conclusion
Readmissions due to EoE are more likely to occur in the first 10 days of discharge and at a lesser rate when upper endoscopies are performed at the index admission.
Use of Faecal Transplantation with a Novel Diet for Mild to Moderate Active Ulcerative Colitis: The CRAFT UC Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarbagili Shabat Chen , Scaldaferri Franco , Zittan Eran , Hirsch Ayal , Mentella Maria Chiara , Musca Tania , Cohen Nathaniel Aviv , Ron Yulia , Fliss Isakov Naomi , Pfeffer Jorge , Yaakov Michal , Fanali Caterina , Turchini Laura , Masucci Luca , Quaranta Gianluca , Kolonimos Nitzan , Godneva Anastasia , Weinberger Adina , Kopylov Uri , Levine Arie , Maharshak Nitsan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated whether integration of novel diets for donors and patients, in addition to faecal transplantation [FT], could increase FT remission rate in refractory ulcerative colitis [UC].MethodsThis was a blinded, randomised, controlled trial in adults with active UC, defined by a simple clinical colitis activity index [SCCAI] of ≥5 and ≤11 and endoscopic Mayo score 2–3, refractory to medication. Group 1 received free diet and single donor standard FT by colonoscopy on Day 1and rectal enemas on Days 2 and 14 without dietary conditioning of the donor. Group 2 received FT as above but with dietary pre-conditioning of the donor for 14 days and a UC Exclusion Diet [UCED] for the patients. Group 3 received the UCED alone. The primary endpoint was Week 8 clinical steroid-free remission, defined as SCCAI &lt;3.ResultsOf 96 planned patients, 62 were enrolled. Remission Week 8 Group 1 was 2/17 [11.8%], Group 2 was 4/19 [21.1%], Group 3 was 6/15 [40%] [non-significant]. Endoscopic remission Group 1 was 2/17 [12%], Group 2 was 3/19 [16%], Group 3 was 4/15 [27%] [Group 1 vs 3 p = 0.38]. Mucosal healing [Mayo 0] was achieved only in Group 3 [3/15, 20%] vs 0/36 FT patients [p = 0.022]. Exacerbation of disease occurred in 3/17 [17.6%] of Group 1, 4/19 [21.1%] of Group 2, and 1/15 [6.7%] of Group 3 [Group 2 vs 3, p = 0.35].ConclusionsUCED alone appeared to achieve higher clinical remission and mucosal healing than single donor FT with or without diet. The study was stopped for futility by a safety monitoring board.
Maternal Stress and Pregnancy Outcomes Evidence from a Natural Experiment: The 2004 Madrid Train Bombings
Authors: Cozzani Marco , Triventi Moris , Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the reproduction of social background inequality starts at birth and even in the womb. We advance the understanding of the inequality in early life outcomes by analysing whether prenatal stress affects prematurity and low birth weight and how this effect varies by parental socio-economic status (SES). To address the endogeneity of prenatal maternal stress and pregnancy outcomes, we use a natural experiment and consider the 2004 Madrid train bombings as an exogenous source of stress. We analyse administrative data referring to the whole population of newborns in Spain between 2000 and 2005 and use a difference-in-differences design with a synthetic control approach. We find that children exposed to the Madrid bombing had a higher risk of prematurity and low birth weight, and that this detrimental effect is consistently concentrated among low-SES offspring. We discuss four possible mechanisms to explain this heterogeneity and rely on findings of previous research and on information from additional data to test their plausibility. In the conclusions, we highlight the broader implications of our findings for the reproduction of social inequalities across generations
Are patient-reported outcomes at discharge associated with employment status after cardiac hospitalization? Results from the national DenHeart study
Authors: Thorup Charlotte Brun , Berg Selina Kikkenborg , Mols Rikke Elmose , Fonager Kirsten , Ekholm Ola , Thrysoee Lars , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Borregaard Britt 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In patients hospitalized for cardiac disease, a more comprehensive understanding of the potential predictors of returning to the workforce or detachment from employment is lacking.

Aim
The aims were (i) to explore the patterns of employment status within 1 year following hospital discharge and (ii) to investigate the association between self-reported physical health, mental health, and symptom burden at discharge and employment status at 13, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively, following discharge.

Methods and results
Patients discharged from Danish heart centres from April 2013 to April 2014 who were a part of the workforce prior to hospitalization and aged 18–63 were included. Questionnaires were used to measure physical and mental health and symptom burden. Information on comorbidity and return to the workforce was obtained from registers. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between self-reported health status and returning to the workforce. Of the 5365 patients, 14.1% had not returned to the workforce 52 weeks after discharge. Patients admitted due to ‘observation for a cardiac disease’ had the highest proportion (89.4%) and patients with heart failure had the lowest proportion (72.6%) of returning to the workforce. Poor self-reported physical and mental health and high symptom burden were associated with detachment from the workforce.

Conclusion
Self-reported health status measured at discharge may be beneficial for identifying patients at increased risk of detachment from the workforce. Occupational initiatives may be implemented in the initial period after discharge, remembering that not all patients will benefit from returning to the workforce.