bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic Performance of Experimental Green Roofs Stands as the Effect of Climate Condition
Authors: Miňová Zuzana , Purcz Pavol , Takal Lukáš 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The water storage capacity of a green roof forms several benefits for the building and its environment. The hydrologic performance is traditionally expressed by the runou coefficient, according to international guidelines and standards. The runoff coefficient is a dimensionless coefficient relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received. It is a larger value for areas with low infiltration and high runoff (pavement, steep gradient), and lower for permeable, well vegetated areas (forest, flat land). The paper is presenting 3 experimental stands of green roofs. Each stand is unique in terms of its construction. The aim of this paper is to highlight how green roof responds to real clima events. The experiment provides mathematical graphs and behaviour of the geen roof stands from 03/2019 to 01/2021.
Parametric Study of Concrete Members with GFRP Reinforcement Subjected to Bending and Axial Force
Authors: Šenšelová Žaneta , Borzovič Viktor , Baran Jaroslav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for concrete elements subjected to bending moment and compressive axial force. For the last 15 years, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Composite FRP materials are still new in construction and many engineers are not familiar with their properties and behaviour. FRP has certain advantages over steel reinforcement. It is a durable material that is not subject to corrosion, does not conduct heat, is an electrical insulator and conducts electrical current, and is non-magnetic. In contrast, FRP also has certain deficiencies such as sensitivity to higher temperatures, alkaline environments, and reduction of mechanical properties at high levels of long-term stress. In the case of FRP reinforcements, the plastic branch is missing in the σ-ε diagrams, what leads to a sudden failure of the reinforced concrete element, either by tensile rupture of the reinforcement or by crushing the concrete. The most used FRP reinforcement is made of glass fibres - GFRP reinforcement. The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for slab and beam elements. The text describes a parametric study for different reinforcement ratio with GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement. The study is performed for a cross-section of 500x500 mm for a column element and a cross-section of 1000x250 mm for a slab element. The effect of longitudinal GFRP reinforcement in elements under compression was investigated. The study contains a comparison of interaction P-M diagrams of concrete elements with steel and GFRP reinforcement. For design of GFRP reinforced concrete elements, it is necessary to consider different material characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The contribution of the GFRP reinforcement in compression was neglected due to the anisotropic nature of the GFRP reinforcement and the low modulus of elasticity. The main reference basis for the elaboration of a parametric study is the fib Bulletin No. 40.
Land-Use Readjustment For Roi Et Government Centre, Thailand
Authors: Raksawin Karuna , Suthasupa Supagtra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to present the planning and design of Roi Et provincial government center master plan according to the land use readjustment theoretical framework in the urban design process. This approach maintains the basis that the uniqueness of the original area should be maintained, and the effectiveness of the area application should be increased, and thereby increasing the efficiency of space utilization. The results of the study include, respectively, the scoping of the study area, the investigation of the existing land uses and accessibility, and the readjusting the land uses with the concept of mix-use planning. Moreover, it is suggested that there should be further studies about the architectural styles showing the uniqueness of Roi Et city, water management for watering plants, and planting design of local species.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Modular Construction, including Environmental Impacts
Authors: Hořínková Dita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Similar to other fields, the construction industry tends to constantly evolve. There is an increasing demand for the construction of new buildings regarding the speed of the construction process, economy, and minimization of the negative effects on the environment, i.e. sustainability. These requirements can be met by using prefabrication for this construction. Modular construction represents one of the prefabrication technologies that is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The topic of this article is the use of modular construction, even from the sustainability point of view. There is a basic overview of modular construction, its history in the construction field, an overview of the materials used, and the possibilities of its implementation. Furthermore, this article provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of modular construction. The advantages are listed in terms of quality, economy, time, and ecology as well as in terms of construction flexibility and work safety, both during production and assembly on the construction site. The disadvantages of modular construction discussed in this article are the complicated transportation of modules, demanding coordination of production and construction, the requirement for detailed construction planning, and the non-acceptance of this construction technology by the general, and sometimes professional public. This article also deals with the comparison of modular construction technology with conventional construction technologies. It points out the possibility of reusing materials from disassembled modular buildings. It also points out the ways to control and mitigate the impact of modular construction on the environment throughout the life cycle of modular building. Only after a thorough analysis of these aspects of modular construction, is it possible to explore other ways to further increase the efficiency of this technology in all directions and also to make even better use of its environmental impact minimization potential.
DEA Modelling Effectiveness of Building Envelopes
Authors: Jaroslav Žák V V , Žáková Kateřina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Today, insulated building envelopes must not only meet thermal-technical, mechanical, and economic requirements but must also be environmentally friendly. These requirements are often contradictory, and it is not clear what the effective option is for a particular case. The aim of the paper is to compare twenty different variants of building envelopes, not only in terms of thermal-technical properties but also in terms of environmental parameters and time and financial demands. The result of the paper is the determination of effective variants by a suitable mathematical method with consideration of all the above-mentioned influences.
Air Content in Fresh Air-Entraining Cement Mortars
Authors: Miera Patrycja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The durability of a cement composite is the most important criterion for assessing this material. However, due to the durability of the cement composite, its frost resistance is an important property. In order to ensure concrete frost resistance, the European standard PN-EN 206-1: 2013 requires its aeration at the level of 4 - 7%. The Committee 201 of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) also requires the use of an air-entraining admixture in concretes exposed to frost damage. The amount of air-entraining admixture is significantly influenced by the composition of the cement used. In order to minimize the problems with obtaining frostresistant concrete, an attempt was made to create air-entraining cements. This article presents the effect of the amount and type of dosing of air-entraining admixtures (natural and synthetic) on the air content in fresh air-entraining cement mortars. The test cements used also differed in the production method: joint mixing of components and joint grinding of components. Based on the research, a lot of valuable information was obtained related to the influence of the preparation of air-entraining cements on the air content in the mortar, e.g. mortars with mixed cement with natural air-entraining admixture have a higher air content. The air content is higher in the cement co-ground with natural air-entraining admixture. A synthetic air entraining admixture added separately to mixed cements with silica fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag increases air entrainment in mortars. The synthetic air-entraining admixture added separately to co-milled cements causes an increase in air entrainment in the mortars, except for those containing cement with ground granular blast furnace slag.
Sustainable Ways and Methods of Recycling Epoxy Fiberglass Waste
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory , Khozin Vadim , Abdrakhmanova Lyaila , Maisuradze Natalia , Medvedev Vladislav , Grechkin Pavel , Polyanskikh Irina , Gordina Anastasiya , Elrefai Ali Elsaed Mohamed Mohamed , Zakirov M. F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents two technological ways of recycling the wastes of the production and application of products made of highly oriented fiberglass bound by the epoxy matrix. The first technology is aimed at shredding the epoxy-based products obtained by pultrusion to create fine and ultrafine powders (up to 2-10 microns) used as fillers in various composites. The second technology offers a way to obtain coarse powders with a particle size of up to 100 microns, used in the composition of heat-insulating materials and fire-retardant intumescent coatings. Proposed is the mechanical grinding of fiberglass to a finely dispersed state with subsequent heating to a temperature of 400 °C in the presence of a foaming coke and liquid glass. This technology allows the full utilization of waste from the production and application of epoxy fiberglass, such as windmill blades and parts of molded products, leading to the creation of an environmentally friendly fire-resistant and heat-insulating material in the form of plates, blocks and other products with operation temperature up to 400C, as well as fire retardant coatings for building materials and structures. By varying the content of the foaming agent and soluble glass in the composition of the intumescent mixture, one can regulate the average density, thermal conductivity and strength of the material within significant limits, achieving characteristics that exceed those of traditional heat-insulating materials. The proposed material based on recycled epoxy fiberglass is inflammable and resistant to unfavorable environmental impacts; it has high biostability and provides heat and mass transfer during the operation in buildings and structures.
A Numerical Study on Liquefaction Induced Settlements by Using PM4Sand Model
Authors: Subasi Ozan , Koltuk Serdar , Akbas Merve , Iyisan Recep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Abstract: The destructive effects of earthquakes negatively affect many people's lives and cause a large number of lives and property losses. One of the most crucial factors that increase the destructive effects and structural damages of earthquakes is the deformations in the soil layers during strong ground motion. Especially liquefaction due to sudden increase in pore water pressure during strong ground motion in saturated sandy soils causes large deformations in the soil layers; hence leads to severe damage to the structures. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the liquefaction-induced deformations and settlements in the soil layers with high liquefaction potential. Following this purpose, three different two-dimensional fully saturated soil profiles with 35, 55, 75 % relative densities were created and carried out by using different strong ground motions for estimation of liquefaction-induced free field settlements. The finite element code "Plaxis 2D" and constitutive model "PM4Sand" were used in the analysis. The results of finite element (FE) analyses were compared with semi-empirical methods in the literature. The liquefaction state observed with pore pressure ratio (Ru) and safety factor (FS) is similar in numerical and empirical methods. The FE analyses have shown that the evaluation of free-field, liquefaction-induced settlements obtained from PM4Sand-Model have considerably lower settlement values than the semi-empirical methods. However, the semi-empirical method suggested by Cetin et al. (2009) and numerical analyses gave quite similar settlement results to each other. Moreover, there is no direct relationship between the liquefaction-induced settlements and the earthquake source properties in the numerical method. However, this is different for semi-empirical methods, and there is a relationship between strong ground motion features and liquefaction-induced settlements.
Effect of Non-Metallic Composite Reinforcement on Load-Bearing Capacity
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Burchenya Sofiya , Famulyak Yuriy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is known that non-metallic composite reinforcement was invented in the 60's of the last century, and already then, a large number of scientists began to investigate its physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite its rather old age, this reinforcement has not been sufficiently studied for its work in building structures. Fiberglass composite reinforcement (Arvit) is a high quality construction material with many advantages: 4-5 times less weight compared to metal of the same diameter; it does not rust or oxidize; tensile strength is 2 times higher than metal reinforcement; it does not conduct electricity; high resistance to temperature changes from -70 to +200 ° C; easy to transport. The distinctive features of work of fiberglass composite reinforcement in bending spacer elements are still insufficiently studied, which in design and production practices leads to the non-use of such reinforcement in the construction of elements of buildings and structures. The experimental results of the test specimens are presented in the article. In first test specimen, longitudinal working reinforcement was made of two metal rods Ø8 class A400S, in second - two fiberglass rods Ø8 AKS 600.
Method of Experimental Research of New Construction of Beams from Glued Wood with Combined Reinforcement
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Polishchuk Mykola , Gomon Svyatoslav S. , Karavan Bohdan , Homon Sviatoslav , Gomon Petro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Structures of glued wood have significant advantages in comparison with structures made of metal or reinforced concrete (less mass, better resistance to the action of chemically aggressive environments, high fire resistance, aesthetic attractiveness, eco-friendliness). However, at the same time, scientists are looking for new ways to improve the characteristics of such wood. We also proposed a new construction of combined reinforcement of glued beams in which the steel bar reinforcement of the periodic profile was arranged in the grooves of the compressed zone, and in the stretched zone reinforcement was carried out with the external composite tape made of carbon fiber. This combination increases both rigidity and bearing capacity of the elements that we are testing from glued wood for work on transverse bending. The method of experimental research on the transverse bend of a new construction of glued beam beams with combined reinforcement was developed. The proposed method fully allows us to examine and experimentally investigate the stress-strain state under load of glued beams from combined reinforcement at different stages of their work.
Estimation of Seismic Economic Loss and Downtime of Precast Concrete Frames with “Dry” Connections
Authors: Wu Chenhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe seismic loss of buildings comes not only from the damaged structural components. Much more loss may be induced by non-structural components, the demolition loss and social impacts associated with excessive downtime. One of the main characteristics of a resilient city is that the buildings in the city should be able to recover to their pre-earthquake functionalities with minimized economic loss and downtime. For this purpose, a comparative study regarding seismic economic loss and downtime is conducted between the conventional cast-in-situ reinforced concrete frames (RCFs) and precast concrete frames (PCFs) with "dry" connections. The results show that the PCFs with prestressed tendons (PTs) can effectively reduce demolition loss given their extraordinary self-centering capacity provided by PTs. By adding web friction devices at the beam ends, the economic loss of structural components and drift-sensitive non-structural components can be effectively reduced. The downtime of PCFs is reduced at given hazard levels compared with RCF given their rapid repair speed and easy assemblage. In view of the rapid post-earthquake repair and lower earthquake loss, the PCFs are worth further investigation and application to develop resilient cities.
A structured method to define goals when developing a building energy performance assessment method in a legislative framework
Authors: Brande Kjartan Van den , Delghust Marc , Laverge Jelle , Jannsens Arnold 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To boost the energy performance of buildings, the EU has established a legislative framework including the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). Through this document, EU state members are incentivized to set up a Building Energy performance Assessment Method (BEAM), tailored to the specific needs of the country. There is no standard definition for the energy performance of a building. Since the options are numerous, it is important for the policymaker to define the goals of their specific BEAM first, before developing the BEAM itself. The definition of these goals is a subjective matter and can differ when asked to different organizations in the building sector. To comprehend the desires and perspectives from each different group, a structured overview of the goals that are important for the specific region is needed. For this paper, a method was developed to provide this structured overview and was tested on the legislative energy performance of buildings (EPB) framework of Flanders, Belgium. The Flemish framework was initiated in 2006 and is still in action today. The method consists of two steps. In the first step, a multi-level tree structure for goal mapping based on the Goal Breakdown Structure (GBS) was developed. The main goal, reducing global warming, is on top of the tree structure, which then subdivides into many sub-goals on different levels. An example of a goal on the lowest level of the structure could be the insulation level of the walls. In the second step, prominent stakeholders in the Flemish building industry, including policymakers, researchers, manufacturers, contractors and building owners, were surveyed to capture their expectations from a BEAM and to query whether the current BEAM corresponds with those expectations. The goal of this survey was to receive qualitative, not quantitative input from the stakeholders. In total, 33 respondents completed the survey. The survey results showed that, in general, the desired goals have not changed substantially compared to the pre-set goals in 2006. Trias Energetica is still the preferred guideline for the decision-making process of the building owner, although its absolute power has decreased slightly and seems to be more prone to the conditions. The current indicator for the overall energy needs (E level) is still strongly preferred, while the recently introduced S level (assessment of the envelope) attracts mixed feelings in terms of usefulness to the entire EPB framework. The overheating indicator receives the most critique for not being accurate enough due to the simplified, single zone BEAM
Photovoltaic Facade Performance Evaluation
Authors: Hirš Jiří , Mohelníková Jitka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A high-rise building façade with integrated photovoltaic panels, located in the Central European region with temperate climatic conditions was tested. The PV façade was monitored for three years. Results of the PV system monitoring show that the façade positively influence the energy efficiency and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the building operation.
Systems for intelligent parking of trucks at motorway rest areas as part of Construction 4.0
Authors: Krupík Pavel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic is introducing a system of smart truck parking at motorway rest areas. Thanks to the use of detection technologies in the place of rest and connection with NDIC, where traffic information is collected and processed, it is possible to include this technology in the Construction 4.0 concept. The subject of this article is a brief description of these systems, including examples of use. With the help of SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses, respectively opportunities and threats of these systems will be identified with the help of experts.
Defining Focus Areas for Digitization to Reduce Construction Industry Generated CO2 Emissions
Authors: Máder Patrik Márk , Bakai Nándor , Horkai András , Etlinger József , Zagorácz Márk Balázs , Rák Olivér 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by the construction industry is significant, therefore it should be addressed to protect our environment in the 21st century. The present research is the starting point for a more complex analysis in bioengineering science. It examines the possibilities of implementing digital technologies and the gains that their application can achieve. The research provides an overview of CO2 emissions from construction processes and identifies areas that may focus on future detailed analysis. The study consists of two main parts: a literature review and an interview with digitization experts focused on the issues identified. The present research guides future development focus areas comparing interviews by market and scientific studies. It is essential to determine how significant results can be achieved by using modern digital tools and methodologies. In this way, the extent to which they affect global emissions can be examined, and their impact can be quantified. In the research, the full spectrum of the construction industry was explored, hence we comprehensively analyzed the impact and problems of the processes belonging to each phase of the lifecycle. Although the environmental impact of raw material extraction and processing is significant, its techniques can be improved primarily through innovative solutions that require organizational or governmental intervention. By examining the building phase and post-building phases of the lifecycle, significant reductions in emissions can be achieved through more detailed design, optimized construction, and well-thought-out operation and demolition processes. As a result, immediate interventions are needed in existing methods and procedures. Sustainable construction can be supported by applying new, more accurate, innovative, and higher quality design, construction, operation, and demolition methods. These changes will facilitate the implementation of digitization processes in the construction industry at a higher level and prepare proposals for the solution of environmental problems in the construction industry.