bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraganglioma of the Bladder: a Case Report
Authors: van Doorn Tess , Albers Leonore F. , van der Laan Jaap , Roshani Hossain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA paraganglioma of the bladder is a rare condition. Paraganglioma may case general symptoms of illness like sweating or headache. When performing a transurethral resection of the bladder of the paraganglioma, an antiadrenergic intervention is advised since the resection can trigger a hypertensive crisis. A 65-year-old female was under surveillance after a radical nephroureterectomy because of pTaG2 urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis. A year later, she had a recurrence in the bladder (pathology: TaG1 urothelial carcinoma). During follow-up, another suspicious lesion at the bladder wall was seen and resected by transurethral resection of the bladder. The pathology showed a paraganglioma. No other paragangliomas elsewhere in the body were detected. In retrospect, the patient reported to suffer from intermittent palpations and headaches, which are related to a paraganglioma. Paragangliomas are neuro-endocrine tumours and can occur at any age. Paragangliomas of the bladder are accountable for 0.05% of the tumours of the bladder. Eighty-three percent of the paragangliomas of the bladder are symptomatic due to production of catecholamines. Clinical symptoms include sweating, palpitations and hypertension during micturition and haematuria. Cystoscopy and resection of a hormone-producing can be dangerous in patients with symptomatic paragangliomas because of possible provocation of hypertensive crisis. Differentiating between malignant and benign tumours is difficult due to lack of histological criteria. Therefore, life-long monitoring is warranted.
A Comment on Affine Invariance and Ancillarity in Testing Multivariate Normality
Authors: Szkutnik Zbigniew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the aim to clarify some confusion apparently still present in part of the literature on testing for multivariate normality, we collect and discuss some facts on invariance and ancillarity of various variants of, so-called, configuration of a multivariate normal sample. In particular, we show how the choice of the rotation matrix, used in the definition of the configuration, influences its invariance, distribution and ancillarity.
RNAi technology for plant protection and its application in wheat
Authors: Liu Shaoshuai , Geng Shuaifeng , Li Aili , Mao Yingbo , Mao Long 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe RNAi technology takes advantage of the intrinsic RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism that exists in nearly all eukaryotes in which target mRNAs are degraded or functionally suppressed. Significant progress has been made in recent years where RNAi technology is applied to several crops and economic plants for protection against diseases like fungi, pests, and nematode. RNAi technology is also applied in controlling pathogen damages in wheat, one of the most important crops in the world. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the RNAi technology and the underneath mechanism. We then review the recent progress of its utilization in crops, particular wheat. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and prospect future development of this technology in crop protection.
Low-FODMAP-Diät – Lösung aller Probleme?
Authors: Heinrich Henriette 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Ernährung ist für Patienten mit einem Reizdarmsyndrom hochrelevant, da Nahrungsmittel als symptomauslösend empfunden werden. Die Abkürzung FODMAP steht für „fermentierbare Oligosaccharide, Disaccharide, Monosaccharide und Polyole“, also kurzkettige Kohlenhydrate, die im Dünndarm schlecht absorbiert werden und durch Fermentationsprozesse Blähungen und Stuhlunregelmässigkeiten hervorrufen können. Die FODMAP-Diät ist bei Reizdarmsyndrom(RDS)-Patienten zur Symptomkontrolle effektiv und verläuft in 3 Phasen (Reduktion – Reexposition – Personalisierung) und sollte von einer geschulten Ernährungsberatung in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem behandelnden Gastroenterologen/in erfolgen um eine Fehl- oder Mangelernährung zu vermeiden.
Exploring the Availability and Potential of International Data for Criminological Study
Authors: Nivette Amy E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite advances in recent decades to internationalize criminology, one major roadblock that is often mentioned is the difficulty in collecting and obtaining high-quality international and cross-cultural data. More than ever, there is a growing amount of international data covering a wide variety of topics relevant to understanding crime. Visible and accessible international data can open up channels for dialogue and collaboration between cultures and regions, as well as opportunities to test, refine, and develop theoretical and empirical knowledge. This paper therefore aims to make the ‘world of data’ out there more visible not only to shed light on the potential for international research and collaboration, but to highlight the growing, rich body of international knowledge that already exists.
Recommendations for Safety Education and Training for Graduate Students Directing Field Projects
Authors: Davis Kaitlyn E. , Meehan Pascale , Klehm Carla , Kurnick Sarah , Cameron Catherine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraduate schools provide students opportunities for fieldwork and training in archaeological methods and theory, but they often overlook instruction in field safety and well-being. We suggest that more explicit guidance on how to conduct safe fieldwork will improve the overall success of student-led projects and prepare students to direct safe and successful fieldwork programs as professionals. In this article, we draw on the experiences of current and recent graduate students as well as professors who have overseen graduate fieldwork to outline key considerations in improving field safety and well-being and to offer recommendations for specific training and safety protocols. In devising these considerations and recommendations, we have referenced both domestic and international field projects, as well as those involving community collaboration.
Mitigating Chronic Diseases during Archaeological Fieldwork
Authors: Klehm Carla , Hildebrand Elisabeth , Meyers Maureen S. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTChronic diseases and preexisting conditions shape daily life for many archaeologists both in and out of the field. Chronic issues, however, can be overlooked in safety planning, which more often focuses on emergency situations because they are considered mundane, or they are imperceptible to project directors and crews until a serious problem arises. This article focuses on asthma, diabetes, and depression as common medical conditions that impact otherwise healthy archaeologists during fieldwork, with the goal of raising awareness of these conditions in particular, and the need to be more attentive to chronic diseases in general. Archaeological fieldwork presents novel situations that put those with chronic diseases and preexisting conditions at risk: environmental hazards, remoteness from medical and social resources and networks, lack of group awareness, and varying cultural norms. As a result, if chronic diseases are not attended to properly in the field, they can lead to life-threatening situations. Managing the risk presented by these conditions requires a group culture where team members are aware of issues, as appropriate, and collaborate to mitigate them during fieldwork. Descriptions of how chronic diseases affect archaeologists in the field are followed by “best practice” recommendations for self-management and for group leaders.
The End of Cornucopia: Party Financing after the Great Recession
Authors: Ignazi Piero , Fiorelli Chiara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the dimension and evolution of the financing of political parties. It focuses on 28 parties in the five major European countries (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain), analysing the parties’ budgets from 2002 to 2016. The article's assessment shows that the availability of funds increased until the beginning of the Great Recession (2008), and then decreased, mainly due to a decline in public support for parties. Diminished state generosity has led parties to look for different sources of financing: the article shows the proportion of self-funding resources in terms of membership fees and private donations that has sustained the parties’ finances. Finally the article presents a model that helps to explain the shrinking of parties’ income by including parties’ ideological alignment, electoral outcome, presence in government and share of public financing, and countries’ public spending and GDP level, to investigate the plausible causes of the reduction of parties’ income.
Clinical outcomes and risk factors for mortality from ventilator-associated events: A registry-based cohort study among 30,830 intensive care unit patients
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Wang Wen , Kang Yan , He Qiao , Zhang Hui , Deng Yuhua , Cai Lin , Zhang Rui , Sun Xin , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To investigate the clinical impact of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) on adverse prognoses and risk factors for mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) based on an ICU healthcare-associated infection (ICU-HAI) registry.Design:A cohort study was conducted based on an ICU-HAI registry including 30,830 patients between 2015 and 2018.Setting:The study was conducted using data from 5 adult ICUs of a referral hospital.Patients:Adult patients in the ICU-HAI registry who received ≥4 consecutive IMV days.Methods:Clinical outcomes and mortality risk factors for VAEs were analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate regression models, and sensitivity analyses.Results:Of 6,426 included patients, 1,803 developed 1,899 VAEs. After PSM, patients with VAEs did have prolonged length of stay in the ICU and in the hospital, increased hospitalization costs, longer days on mechanical ventilation, higher proportion of ≥9 days on mechanical ventilation, higher rate of failure in extubating mechanical ventilation, and excess all-cause mortality in the ICU. Older age (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.02), higher APACHE II score on ICU admission (aOR, 1.06), pneumonia (aOR, 1.49), blood transfusion (aOR 1.43), immunosuppressive drugs (aOR, 1.69), central-line catheter (aOR, 2.06), and ≥2 VAEs in the ICU (aOR, 1.99) were associated with higher risks for all-cause mortality in an ICU.Conclusions:Patients with VAEs indeed had poorer clinical outcomes. Older age, higher APACHE II score on ICU admission, pneumonia, blood transfusion, immunosuppressive drugs, central-line catheter, and ≥2 VAEs in the ICU were risk factors for all-cause mortality of VAE patients in the ICU.
Eating context and ultraprocessed food consumption among UK adolescents
Authors: Rauber F. , Martins C. A. , Azeredo C. M. , Leffa P. S. , Louzada M. L. C. , Levy R. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the association between eating context patterns and ultraprocessed food consumption at two main meal occasions in a representative sample of UK adolescents. Data were acquired from 4-d food records of adolescents aged 11–18 years, who participated in the 2014–2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (n 542). The eating context was assessed considering the location of the meal (lunch and dinner) occasion, the individuals present, whether the television was on and if the food was consumed at a table. Ultraprocessed foods were identified using the NOVA classification. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify eating context patterns for lunch and dinner. Linear regression models adjusted for the covariates were utilised to test the association between eating context patterns and the proportion of total daily energy intake derived from ultraprocessed foods. Their contribution was about 67 % to energy intake. Three patterns were retained for lunch (‘At school with friends’, ‘TV during family meal’ and ‘Out-of-home (no school)’), and three patterns were retained for dinner (‘Watching TV alone in the bedroom’, ‘TV during family meal’ and ‘Out-of-home with friends’). At lunch, there was no significant association between any of the three patterns and ultraprocessed food consumption. At dinner, the patterns ‘Watching TV alone in the bedroom’ (coefficient: 4·95; 95 % CI 1·87, 8·03) and ‘Out-of-home with friends’ (coefficient: 3·13; 95 % CI 0·21, 6·14) were associated with higher consumption of ultraprocessed food. Our findings suggest a potential relationship between the immediate eating context and ultraprocessed food consumption by UK adolescents.
Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius, infesting pigeon pea
Authors: Pervez R. , Rao U. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (LPB), is an important insect pest of pigeon pea. Chemical pesticides are generally employed to manage this pest, but because of the soil residue issues and other environmental hazards associated with their use, biopesticides are also in demand. Another benign alternative is to use entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to manage this vital pest. In the present study, the infectivity of ten native EPNs was evaluated against LPB by assessing their penetration and production in the LPB. The effectiveness of the promising EPNs against second-, third- and fourth-instar LPB larvae was also studied. Heterorhabditis sp. (Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Entomopathogenic Nematodes Rashid Pervez (IARI-EPN RP) 06) and Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08) were found to be most pathogenic to LPB, resulting in about 100% mortality within 72 h, followed by Steinernema sp. (IARI-EPN RP 03 and 09). Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 04) was found to be the least pathogenic to LPB larva with 67% mortality. Maximum penetration was exhibited by Heterorhabditis sp. (IARI-EPN RP 06) followed by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08), whereas the lowest rate of penetration was exhibited by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 01). The highest rate of production was observed with Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08), followed by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 04 and 10). Among the tested instars of the LPB larvae, second-instar larvae were more susceptible to EPNs, followed by third- and fourth-instar larvae. The results indicate that Heterorhabditis sp. (IARI-EPN RP 06) and Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08) have a good potential to the manage LPB.
Reproductive biology of the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) in the central-eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Estupiñán-Montaño Colombo , Carrera-Fernández Maribel , Galván-Magaña Felipe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are limited data regarding the reproductive biology of the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) in Ecuadorian waters, which limits the development of appropriate management measures of its populations. A total of 1664 S. lewini specimens were recorded in Manta, Ecuador in 2003–2009. Specimens were caught by local commercial fisheries and measured between 50–310 cm total length (TL). Females were more frequently caught, with a sex ratio of 1M:1.8F. The median size at maturity was 178.1 cm TL for males and 219.4 cm TL for females, which was larger compared with other localities. Gravid females, which measured 246–298 cm TL, contained 16–22 embryos. Embryos, which were observed from October–July, measured between 11.1–54.6 cm TL and the available data agreed with a gestation period of 10–11 months that starts in September and ends in June/July. Size at birth was 47–55 cm TL. Sampling data indicated that most fishing activity occurred in nearshore and around seamounts in the central-eastern Pacific Ocean, with much of the landed catch comprising immature individuals. This study documents the reproductive biology of S. lewini in the central-eastern Pacific Ocean and provides additional information to improve management and conservation measures for this species.
Older parents and filial support obligations: a comparison of family solidarity norms between native and immigrant populations in Italy
Authors: Albertini Marco , Mantovani Debora 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough older migrants in Southern Europe are increasing in number, relatively little attention has been paid to their care needs and resources. The availability of informal care is an important determinant of wellbeing in later life and norms regulating filial obligations have an important role in affecting the quality and quantity of support received. Using data from a qualitative survey conducted in Italy, this article sheds light on the social norms regulating filial obligations towards older parents among natives and three groups of immigrants: Maghrebis, Chinese and Filipinos. The results indicate a number of commonalities between the four different groups considered, such as: the principle of delayed reciprocity at the basis of filial support obligations; a gender bias in attributing the most psychologically, physically and time-demanding caring obligations to adult daughters and daughters-in-law; and a preference for intergenerational residential autonomy shared by Italian, Filipinos and, to a lesser extent, Maghrebi respondents. At the same time, numerous differences emerge between natives and immigrants, and between immigrant groups. The most significant differences are observed regarding: the possibility of resorting to a paid care-giver, which is more common among Italians and, to a lesser extent, Filipino respondents; and a stronger gender bias among the Chinese and Maghrebi groups, i.e. they attribute the majority of personal care responsibilities to daughters and daughters-in-law.
Analysis of the early COVID-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points
Authors: Küchenhoff Helmut , Günther Felix , Höhle Michael , Bender Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We analysed the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic curve from March to the end of April 2020 in Germany. We use statistical models to estimate the number of cases with disease onset on a given day and use back-projection techniques to obtain the number of new infections per day. The respective time series are analysed by a trend regression model with change points. The change points are estimated directly from the data. We carry out the analysis for the whole of Germany and the federal state of Bavaria, where we have more detailed data. Both analyses show a major change between 9 and 13 March for the time series of infections: from a strong increase to a decrease. Another change was found between 25 March and 29 March, where the decline intensified. Furthermore, we perform an analysis stratified by age. A main result is a delayed course of the pandemic for the age group 80 + resulting in a turning point at the end of March. Our results differ from those by other authors as we take into account the reporting delay, which turned out to be time dependent and therefore changes the structure of the epidemic curve compared to the curve of newly reported cases.
Strong Aerosol Effects on Cloud Amount Based on Long‐Term Satellite Observations Over the East Coast of the United States
Authors: Cao Yang , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Liang Yuan , Liu Zhoukun , Bai Heming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, we use 16‐year satellite and reanalysis data in combination with a multivariate regression model to investigate how aerosols affect cloud fraction (CF) over the East Coast of the United States. Cloud droplet number concentrations (Nd), cloud geometrical thickness, lower tropospheric stability, and relative humidity at 950 hPa (RH950) are identified as major cloud controlling parameters that explain 97% of the variability in CF. Nd is shown to play an important role in regulating the dependence of CF on RH950. The observed annual‐mean CF shows no significant trend due to the cancellation from the opposite trends in Nd and RH950. The multivariate regression model revealed that the decline in Nd alone would lead to about a 20% relative decline in CF. Our results indicate the significant aerosol effects on CF and suggest the need to account for pollution‐induced cloud changes in quantifying cloud feedback based on long‐term observations.
The Prominent Spring Bloom and Its Relation to Sea‐Ice Melt in the Sea of Okhotsk, Revealed by Profiling Floats
Authors: Kishi S. , Ohshima K. I. , Nishioka J. , Isshiki N. , Nihashi S. , Riser S. C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSeven profiling floats equipped with oxygen sensors deployed in the Sea of Okhotsk provide time series data for 33 cases of spring phytoplankton bloom period, including 9 cases in which sea ice existed just before the bloom (prior‐ice case). As an index of biological productivity, we calculated net community production (NCP) based on the increasing oxygen rate using the Redfield ratio. The total NCP in the euphotic layer averaged for prior‐ice cases is 31.3 mmolC m−2 day−1), ∼3 times higher than that of non‐ice cases. In addition to intensification of surface stratification, other factors of sea‐ice melt likely enhance the bloom. The influence of sea‐ice melt is particularly large in the southwestern region, where the iron availability likely limits phytoplankton growth. A suggested scenario is that when the sea ice containing sediment/iron is transported from the northern shelves, a prominent bloom is induced via the iron supply by sea‐ice melt.
Large‐Scale Conditions for the Record‐Setting Southern California Marine Heatwave of August 2018
Authors: Wei Xinyue , Li Kai‐Yuan , Kilpatrick Thomas , Wang Minyang , Xie Shang‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn early August 2018, a record‐setting marine heatwave (MHW) occurred along the coast of Southern and Baja California. Water temperature at Scripps Pier rose to 26.4°C, the highest in 102 years of measurements. This paper investigates the large‐scale ocean‐atmospheric conditions for this Southern California MHW event. This intense and sustained event is the result of the superposition of “weather” timescale warming by a coastal wind relaxation and intraseasonal warming by coastally trapped waves. For weather‐scale warming, climatological upwelling was weakened by a wind relaxation, due to anomalous offshore low pressure associated with passing tropical cyclones John and Kristy. For intraseasonal warming, the upwelling was inhibited and the thermocline was deepened by poleward‐propagating coastally trapped waves, which provided a slow warming background. The mixed layer heat budget analysis indicates that the reduced upwelling and deepened thermocline are the major cause of the MHW.
Improving the MJO Forecast of S2S Operation Models by Correcting Their Biases in Linear Dynamics
Authors: Wu Jie , Jin Fei‐Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe operational dynamic subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) models for Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) forecasting mostly still suffer from systematic errors in capturing the MJO's key dynamic features, such as its growth rate and propagation speed. By deriving the linear dynamic operators using the linear inverse modeling (LIM) approach, we propose a method to partly correct the errors in MJO linear dynamic operators to improve the MJO predictions of three operational dynamic S2S models. Correcting the deficiencies of the too‐fast decay rates and the unrealistic propagating phase speeds lead to MJO prediction skills being extended by approximately 2–4 days. The improvements are more significant for the models with larger biases in MJO amplitude and propagation. This approach in principle may be extendable to predictions of other types of climate variability such as ENSO on one hand, and possible inclusions of nonlinear dynamics effects on the other hand.