bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with brain metastases receiving therapeutic anticoagulation
Authors: Wood Peter , Boyer Giovanni , Mehanna Elie , Cagney Daniel , Lamba Nayan , Catalano Paul , Connors Jean M , Hsu Liangge , Mendu Mallika , Tanguturi Shyam , Alexander Brian , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Aizer Ayal 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism is common in patients with solid malignancies and brain metastases. Whether to anticoagulate such patients is controversial given the possibility of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated the added risk of ICH in patients with brain metastases receiving therapeutic anticoagulation.MethodsWe performed a matched, retrospective cohort study of 291 patients (100 receiving therapeutic anticoagulation vs 191 controls) with brain metastases managed at Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between 1998 and 2015. For each patient, all MRI studies of the brain were reviewed to identify ICH. Propensity score matching and multivariable Cox regression were used to mitigate confounding.ResultsThe risk of ICH was comparable in patients receiving anticoagulation versus controls preanticoagulation.Postanticoagulation, we observed significant or borderline-significant associations between anticoagulation and development of any ICH (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.79, p=0.09), ICH as identified by gradient echo/susceptibility-weighted imaging (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.01, p=0.02), symptomatic ICH (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.22, p=0.05), extralesional ICH (HR 5.82, 95% CI 1.56 to 21.7, p=0.009) and fatal ICH (HR 5.68, 95% CI 0.60 to 54.2, p=0.13). Anticoagulation was associated with differentially higher ICH risk in patients with prior ICH versus no prior ICH (HR 2.20 vs 0.68, respectively, p interaction <0.001) and symptomatic ICH risk in melanoma versus other primary malignancies (HR 6.46 vs 1.36, respectively, p interaction=0.02).ConclusionsAnticoagulation is associated with clinically significant ICH in patients with brain metastases, especially those with melanoma or prior ICH. The indication for anticoagulation and risk of intracerebral bleeding should be considered on an individual basis among such patients.
Effects of modified risk tobacco product claims on consumer comprehension and risk perceptions of IQOS
Authors: Yang Bo , Massey Zachary B , Popova Lucy 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionTobacco industry studies on consumers’ perceptions of modified risk claims (MRCs) often had important omissions (eg, no control group, not investigating whether consumers understand what ‘switching completely’ means). This study examined the effects of IQOS MRCs on risk perceptions and behavioural intentions.MethodBased on tobacco companies’ MRCs, we manipulated three MRC language features: explanation about ‘switching completely’ (absent vs present), number of diseases (single vs multiple) and language certainty (hypothetical vs certain). In an online experiment, we randomised 1523 US adult current smokers and 1391 young adult non-smokers to 1 of 9 conditions following a 2×2×2+1 control design. People reported their comprehension of ‘switching completely’, IQOS risk perceptions and behavioural intentions after message exposure.ResultsMore smokers exposed to MRCs that included an explanation about ‘switching completely’ (22.2%) (vs explanation absent (11.2%) and control (10.7%)) mentioned that ‘switching completely’ meant smoking 0 cigarettes. Compared with the control, several MRCs (eg, certain language) produced lower perceived risk of IQOS, including for diseases not mentioned in the MRCs. MRCs using certain and hypothetical language did not differ on any outcomes. MRCs highlighting reduced risk for a single disease and multiple diseases did not differ on any outcomes. MRCs did not influence behavioural intentions.ConclusionThe Food and Drug Administration should ensure that consumers understand what ‘switching completely’ means in an MRC and recognize that some language features may mislead consumers into believing that a product reduces the risk of diseases not mentioned in an MRC.
Characterization of physical literacy in children with chronic medical conditions compared with healthy controls: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Do Jeffrey , Blais Angelica , Feldman Brian , Brandão Leonardo R. , Lougheed Jane , Pohl Daniela , Klaassen Robert J. , Johnston Donna L. , De Laat Denise , Roth Johannes , Katz Sherri Lynne , McCormick Anna , Wright F. Virginia , Macartney Gail , McMillan Hugh J. , Venkateswaran Sunita , Sell Erick , Doja Asif , Matheson Katherine , Boafo Addo , Longmuir Patricia E. 
Published: March 2021

To determine the physical literacy, defined as the capability for a physically active lifestyle, of children with medical conditions compared with healthy peers, this multicenter cross-sectional study recruited children with medical conditions from cardiology, neurology (including concussion), rheumatology, mental health, respirology, oncology, hematology, and rehabilitation (including cerebral palsy) clinics. Participants aged 8–12 years (N = 130; mean age: 10.0 ± 1.44 years; 44% female) were randomly matched to 3 healthy peers from a normative database, based on age, gender, and month of testing. Total physical literacy was assessed by the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, a validated assessment of physical literacy measuring physical competence, daily behaviour, knowledge/understanding, and motivation/confidence. Total physical literacy mean scores (/100) did not differ (t(498) = –0.67; p = 0.44) between participants (61.0 ± 14.2) and matched healthy peers (62.0 ± 10.7). Children with medical conditions had lower mean physical competence scores (/30; –6.5 [–7.44 to –5.51]; p < 0.001) but higher mean motivation/confidence scores (/30; 2.6 [1.67 to 3.63]; p < 0.001). Mean daily behaviour and knowledge/understanding scores did not differ from matches (/30; 1.8 [0.26 to 3.33]; p = 0.02;/10; –0.04 [–0.38 to 0.30]; p = 0.81; respectively). Children with medical conditions are motivated to be physically active but demonstrate impaired movement skills and fitness, suggesting the need for targeted interventions to improve their physical competence. Novelty: Physical literacy in children with diverse chronic medical conditions is similar to healthy peers. Children with medical conditions have lower physical competence than healthy peers, but higher motivation and confidence. Physical competence (motor skill, fitness) interventions, rather than motivation or education, are needed for these youth.
Dispersive analysis of the Primakoff reaction $$\gamma K \rightarrow K \pi $$
Authors: Dax Maximilian , Stamen Dominik , Kubis Bastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide a dispersion-theoretical representation of the reaction amplitudes $$\gamma K\rightarrow K \pi $$

γ
K
→
K
π

in all charge channels, based on modern pion–kaon P-wave phase shift input. Crossed-channel singularities are fixed from phenomenology as far as possible. We demonstrate how the subtraction constants can be matched to a low-energy theorem and radiative couplings of the $$K^*(892)$$

K
∗

(
892
)

resonances, thereby providing a model-independent framework for future analyses of high-precision kaon Primakoff data.
Structure of gauge theories
Authors: Aldaya Víctor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElementary interactions are formulated according to the principle of minimal interaction although paying special attention to symmetries. In fact, we aim at rewriting any field theory on the framework of Lie groups, so that, any basic and fundamental physical theory can be quantized on the grounds of a group approach to quantization. In this way, connection theory, although here presented in detail, can be replaced by “jet-gauge groups” and “jet-diffeomorphism groups.” In other words, objects like vector potentials or vierbeins can be given the character of group parameters in extended gauge groups or diffeomorphism groups. As a natural consequence of vector potentials in electroweak interactions being group variables, a typically experimental parameter like the Weinberg angle $$\vartheta _W$$

ϑ
W

is algebraically fixed. But more general remarkable examples of success of the present framework could be the possibility of properly quantizing massive Yang–Mills theories, on the basis of a generalized Non-Abelian Stueckelberg formalism where gauge symmetry is preserved, in contrast to the canonical quantization approach, which only provides either renormalizability or unitarity, but not both. It proves also remarkable the actual fixing of the Einstein Lagrangian in the vacuum by generalized symmetry requirements, in contrast to the standard gauge (diffeomorphism) symmetry, which only fixes the arguments of the possible Lagrangians.
Hypothermia Effectively Treats Tumors with Temperature-Sensitive p53 Mutations
Authors: Lu Junhao , Chen Lihong , Song Zheng , Das Mousumi , Chen Jiandong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The p53 tumor suppressor is frequently inactivated by mutations in cancer. Most p53 mutations are located in the DNA-binding domain, causing local disruption of DNA-binding surface or global misfolding. Rescuing the structural defect of mutant p53 is an attractive therapeutic strategy, but its potential remains unproven due to a lack of drugs capable of efficiently rescuing misfolded p53. Although mutant p53 in tumors is inactive at 37°C, approximately 15% are temperature sensitive (ts) and regain DNA-binding activity at 32°C to 34°C (ts mutants). This temperature is achievable using a therapeutic hypothermia procedure established for resuscitated cardiac arrest patients. To test whether hypothermia can be used to target tumors with ts p53 mutations, the core temperature of tumor-bearing mice was lowered to 32°C using the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclohexyladenoxine that suppresses brain-regulated thermogenesis. Hypothermia treatment (32 hours at 32°C × 5 cycles) activated endogenous ts mutant p53 in xenograft tumors and inhibited tumor growth in a p53-dependent fashion. Tumor regression and durable remission in a ts p53 lymphoma model was achieved by combining hypothermia with chemotherapy. The results raise the possibility of treating tumors expressing ts p53 mutations with hypothermia.

Significance:
Pharmacologic inhibition of brain-regulated thermogenesis and induction of 32°C whole-body hypothermia specifically targets tumors with temperature-sensitive p53 mutations, rescuing p53 transcriptional activity and inducing tumor regression.
See related commentary by Hu and Feng, p. 3762
Clinical Findings and Diagnostic Yield of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Through Genomic Screening of Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic Desmosome Gene Variants
Authors: Carruth Eric D. , Beer Dominik , Alsaid Amro , Schwartz Marci L.B. , McMinn Megan , Kelly Melissa A. , Buchanan Adam H. , Nevius Christopher D. , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A. , Murray Brittney , Tichnell Crystal , Matsumura Martin E. , Kirchner H. Lester , Fornwalt Brandon K. , Sturm Amy C. , Haggerty Christopher M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Genomic screening holds great promise for presymptomatic identification of hidden disease, and prevention of dramatic events, including sudden cardiac death associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Herein, we present findings from clinical follow-up of carriers of ACM-associated pathogenic/likely pathogenic desmosome variants ascertained through genomic screening.

Methods:
Of 64 548 eligible participants in Geisinger MyCode Genomic Screening and Counseling program (2015–present), 92 individuals (0.14%) identified with pathogenic/likely pathogenic desmosome variants by clinical laboratory testing were referred for evaluation. We reviewed preresult medical history, patient-reported family history, and diagnostic testing results to assess both arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and left-dominant ACM.

Results:

One carrier had a prior diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia; no other related diagnoses or diagnostic family history criteria were reported. Fifty-nine carriers (64%) had diagnostic testing in follow-up. Excluding the variant, 21/59 carriers satisfied at least one arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy task force criterion, 11 (52%) of whom harbored
DSP
variants, but only 5 exhibited multiple criteria. Six (10%) carriers demonstrated evidence of left-dominant ACM, including high rates of atypical late gadolinium enhancement by magnetic resonance imaging and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Two individuals received new cardiomyopathy diagnoses and received defibrillators for primary prevention.

Conclusions:

Genomic screening for pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in desmosome genes can uncover both left- and right-dominant ACM. Findings of overt cardiomyopathy were limited but were most common in
DSP
-variant carriers and notably absent in
PKP2
-variant carriers. Consideration of the pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant as a major criterion for diagnosis is inappropriate in the setting of genomic screening.
Benefit of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Paradoxical Low-Flow Low-Gradient Versus High-Gradient Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Mosleh Wassim , Amer Mostafa R. , Ding Yuewen , Megaly Michael , Mather Jeffrey F. , McMahon Sean , Pershad Ashish , McKay Raymond G. , Arora Bhaskar 
Published: March 2021

Background:
There is conflicting data regarding transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis (pLFLG-AS). The authors aimed to examine the hemodynamic and clinical benefit of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in symptomatic patients with pLFLG-AS compared with high-gradient severe AS.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a transfemoral approach was performed. Patients with a mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg were included in the high-gradient aortic stenosis (HG-AS) group (n=217). Patients with mean gradient <40 mm Hg, Vmax <4.0 m/s, and stroke volume index ≤35 mL/m
2
were included in the pLFLG-AS group (n=73). Clinical end points including treatment futility, survival, changes in functional status and quality of life, and echocardiographic outcomes of left ventricular reverse remodeling were evaluated. Two primary composite outcomes were used for treatment futility. The first as a composite outcome defined as death or New York Heart Association class III/IV at 1 year. The second was a composite of death or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 12 score of ≤25 at 1 year.

Results:

There were no differences in mortality, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-based treatment futility outcome (HG-AS: 8.8% versus pLFLG-AS: 6.1%;
P
=0.482), or New York Heart Association-based treatment futility outcome (HG-AS: 9.1% versus pLFLG-AS: 11.6%;
P
=0.546) at 1 year. Both groups had similar improvement in mean Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 12 score when compared to baseline (HG-AS: 88.56±12.38% versus pLFLG-AS: 137.24±31.75%;
P
=0.382). There was a similar relative interval decrease in the proportion of patients with New York Heart Association class III/IV (HG-AS: 53.6% versus pLFLG-AS: 55.1%;
P
=0.838). Echocardiographic evidence of reverse remodeling of the left ventricle in pLFLG-AS group was documented by improvements in global longitudinal strain (pre: −13.95±0.36% versus post: −14.83±0.38%,
P
=0.004) and stroke volume index at 30 days.

Conclusions:
pLFLG-AS did not confer a worse prognosis. Mortality rate and functional class improvement at 1 year was similar in both groups. Left ventricular reverse remodeling in the pLFLG-AS group was apparent.
Treatment of Varicose Veins Affects the Incidences of Venous Thromboembolism and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Chang Shyue-Luen , Hu Sindy , Huang Yau-Li , Lee Mei-Ching , Chung Wen-Hung , Cheng Chun-Yu , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Chang Chee Jen , Lee Shu Ru , Chang Su-Wei , Wen Yu-Wen 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Varicose veins are a common problem worldwide. Although it was reported that varicose veins have cosmetic and symptomatic effects and can also lead to an increased risk of incident deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and peripheral artery disease, whether varicose vein treatment prevents those serious complications is unknown.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study used claims data extracted from the Chang Gung Research Database and National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The study subjects were patients aged ≥20 years who underwent endovenous thermal ablation (ETA) from 2005 to 2016 and a group of untreated subjects who were matched by sex and year of birth. All patients were followed from the index date to the earliest occurrence of peripheral artery disease, deep venous thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism or death or the end of the study. To avoid possible selection bias, 1:4 propensity score matching was implemented and a Cox proportional-hazards model was applied while controlling for potential confounders. We also collected data on complications within 28 days of ETA.

Results:
In total, data on 1323 ETA-treated patients with varicose veins were extracted from the Chang Gung Research Database, while data on 149 586 untreated patients with varicose veins were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Compared with the untreated group, ETA-treated patients had decreased risks of deep venous thrombosis and peripheral artery disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32–0.75] and 0.64 [95% CI, 0.49–0.85]). The incidence rates of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after ETA (≤28 days) were 0.296% and 0.074%, respectively.

Conclusions:
ETA treatment of varicose veins was associated with a substantial decrease in the subsequent incidence of thromboembolism and peripheral artery disease compared with that in the absence of treatment. In addition, the incidence rate of postprocedural thromboembolic complications after ETA was low in the Asian population. We suggest that improved disease awareness and appropriate early treatment may help reduce the risk of serious complications.
Trade and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Whang Cindy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Export controls are domestic trade restrictions placed on technologies that have been determined to be important to the national security concerns of a country. In recent years, the policy purpose for maintaining export control regulations have shifted, and how these new export control regulations would interact with new emerging technologies is something that should be analyzed and considered. The passage of the United States (US) Export Control Reform Act (ecra) of 2018 and the proposed regulatory changes for the European Union’s (EU) Council Regulation (ec) No. 428/2009 have shifted the focus of dual-use export controls so that the national security goals of these controls have broadened to include economic security and human rights concerns. This paper argues that the infusion of geoeconomics into US national security considerations and the proposed expansion to include human rights considerations into EU export control regulations are made mutually exclusive of each other and were not made to expand the reach of export controls in a unifying way. Rather, the purpose and structural change to export control regulations serves to create more regulatory barriers on the trade of emerging technology industries that would not only impact the US and the EU, but also their international trading partners.
Competing with Urban Verticality: Cinematic Landscapes in Seediq Bale and Beyond Beauty: Taiwan from Above
Authors: Hsiung Yuwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While buildings strive to reach higher and higher, cities are obsessed with a visible expression of verticality. Seediq Bale (2011) and Beyond Beauty: Taiwan from Above (2013) represent a new development in Taiwan’s cinematic use of landscape that challenges the dominance of urban verticalism. Seediq Bale sets up an alternative vertical dimension of mountainous areas that puts into dialogical relationship the dichotomies of civilised/barbarous, advanced/primitive, and vertical/horizontal. Audiences no longer experience space in a traditional manner, as eventually Mona Rudao’s graveyard is undiscovered/undefined. Beyond Beauty, on the other, asks viewers to ‘go higher’, encouraging a break with ordinary experience for a more spiritual quest like aerial shots. As both offer a sense of disorientation and alienation, what does the spatial metaphor address to aesthetics, ecocriticism, politics of identity, and sovereignty in geography? What are the implications as cinematic landscapes extend into a real-life environment that is ready to be consumed?
Physical activity counselling among junior doctors in the UK: A qualitative study
Authors: Osinaike Jimisayo , Hartley Sandra Elaine 
Published: March 2021

Background: Evidence supporting physical activity (PA) as an effective modality in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases is robust. Medical doctors are ideally placed to translate this into practice; however, realising this has proved challenging. To ensure doctors are well prepared, the training of medical students to be proficient in PA counselling seems essential. This study aimed to explore the PA counselling practice of junior doctors, to gain insight into how undergraduate training might influence their future practice. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 11 junior doctors recruited by purposive sampling from across seven different medical schools. All junior doctors were currently undertaking their post-graduate training in North-West England. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Themes developed from the data were PA attitudes and practices, and barriers and facilitators to PA counselling in clinical practice. Conclusion: The PA counselling practice of junior doctors was found to be inadequate, and attitudes towards PA promotion were particularly discouraging while in the hospital setting. Lack of training in PA counselling at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level and lack of support from consultants were major hindrances. However, unexplored opportunities exist for junior doctors to incorporate PA counselling into primary and secondary care and thus transform the practice of the next generation of doctors.