bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stadiengerechte Therapie des Keratokonus
Authors: Seitz B. , Daas L. , Hamon L. , Xanthopoulou K. , Goebels S. , Spira-Eppig C. , Razafimino S. , Szentmáry N. , Langenbucher A. , Flockerzi E. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Keratokonus (KK) ist eine progrediente kegelförmige Hornhautvorwölbung, die eine parazentrale Verdünnung an der Kegelspitze verursacht und typischerweise beidseitig asymmetrisch auftritt. Nach einer sorgfältigen Anamnese und Einstufung des Schweregrades steht heute eine gezielte stadiengerechte Therapie zur Verfügung. Ist der Brillenvisus nicht mehr ausreichend, werden von einem Spezialisten formstabile sauerstoffdurchlässige Kontaktlinsen (KL) angepasst. Bei Progression und für den Patienten im Alltag nutzbarem Visus empfiehlt sich das Riboflavin-UVA-Crosslinking (CXL), bei herabgesetztem Visus und klarer zentraler Hornhaut sind bei KL-Intoleranz intrastromale Ringsegmente (ICRS) indiziert. Ist das Stadium weiter fortgeschritten, empfiehlt sich die tiefe anteriore lamelläre (DALK) oder perforierende Keratoplastik (PKP). Bei einem akuten Keratokonus ist die PKP kontraindiziert, allerdings verkürzen tiefstromale Nähte zur Readaptation des Descemet-Risses mit Gasfüllung der Vorderkammer den Verlauf erheblich. Fast keine andere Augenerkrankung ist heutzutage einer frühen apparativen Diagnose und stadiengerechten Therapie so gut zugänglich wie der KK.
Laparoscopic varicocelectomy in male infertility
Authors: Seiler Felix , Kneissl Philipp , Hamann Claudius , Jünemann Klaus-Peter , Osmonov Daniar 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background
The suitability of laparoscopic varicocelectomy for assisted reproductive technology depends on the improvement of semen parameters. The present study analyzed the improvement of semen parameters following laparoscopic varicocele ligation.

Material and methods
A retrospective study of the laparoscopic varicocele clippings at the Department of Urology of University Hospital of Kiel between the years 2007 and 2019 was conducted. The semen analyses according to WHO standards (sperm count, density, motility and morphology) were conducted before and 12 months after surgery. Screening for surgical complications took place at the time of the follow-up seminal analysis. Included were patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and/or teratozoospermia (group 1, OAT) or with nonobstructive azoospermia (group 2, NOA).

Results
This study included data of 27 patients and 22 patients presented preoperative OAT (81%, group 1). Another 5 patients showed NOA (19%, group 2). Data of group 1 showed that semen parameters normalized in 32% of the patients after surgery. Significant improvement in total sperm count (p < 0.005), sperm density (p < 0.005) and total motile sperm count (p < 0.005) was observed. No deterioration of semen parameters was observed. In group 2 we detected spermatozoa in 1 case in the postoperative ejaculate. None of the patients showed complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, postoperative hydrocele formation or recurrence of varicocele at the time of control spermiogram.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a valid therapeutic approach to improve semen parameters for further assisted reproductive techniques. Spermatogenesis may be induced for patients with NOA. Normalization of semen parameters can be achieved for patients with OAT.
A detailed analysis of anatomical plausibility of crossed and uncrossed streamline rendition of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT(T)) in a commercial stereotactic planning system
Authors: Coenen Volker A. , Sajonz Bastian E. , Reinacher Peter C. , Kaller Christoph P. , Urbach Horst , Reisert M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of neurosurgeons use display of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) based on diffusion weighted imaging (dMRI) as basis for their routine planning of stimulation or lesioning approaches in stereotactic tremor surgery. An evaluation of the anatomical validity of the display of the DRT with respect to modern stereotactic planning systems and across different tracking environments has not been performed.

Methods
Distinct dMRI and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of high and low quality from 9 subjects were used. Six subjects had repeated MRI scans and therefore entered the analysis twice. Standardized DICOM structure templates for volume of interest definition were applied in native space for all investigations. For tracking BrainLab Elements (BrainLab, Munich, Germany), two tensor deterministic tracking (FT2), MRtrix IFOD2 (https://www.mrtrix.org), and a global tracking (GT) approach were used to compare the display of the uncrossed (DRTu) and crossed (DRTx) fiber structure after transformation into MNI space. The resulting streamlines were investigated for congruence, reproducibility, anatomical validity, and penetration of anatomical way point structures.

Results
In general, the DRTu can be depicted with good quality (as judged by waypoints). FT2 (surgical) and GT (neuroscientific) show high congruence. While GT shows partly reproducible results for DRTx, the crossed pathway cannot be reliably reconstructed with the other (iFOD2 and FT2) algorithms.

Conclusion
Since a direct anatomical comparison is difficult in the individual subjects, we chose a comparison with two research tracking environments as the best possible “ground truth.” FT2 is useful especially because of its manual editing possibilities of cutting erroneous fibers on the single subject level. An uncertainty of 2 mm as mean displacement of DRTu is expectable and should be respected when using this approach for surgical planning. Tractographic renditions of the DRTx on the single subject level seem to be still illusive.
Improved design criterion for frictionally engaged contacts in overrunning clutches
Authors: Nagler Nadine , Lohrengel Armin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOverrunning clutches, also known as freewheel clutches, are frictionally engaged, directional clutches; they transmit torque depending on the Freewheel clutch rings’ rotation directions. The torque causes a tangential force in the Hertzian contact area. The hitherto “state-of-the-art design criterion” bases on this load situation. In practice, axial loads additionally act on the frictionally engaged Hertzian contact area. This additional axial load can cause the loss of the friction connection and so the freewheel clutch slips. This publication presents an improved design criterion for frictionally engaged contacts in freewheel clutches. It allows to consider tangential as well as axial loads during the design process. Additionally, it offers the possibility to estimate the probability of frictional engagement loss and gross slip based on the freewheel clutch’s application scenario. This publication points out how to use the improved design criterion to design freewheel clutches that are more robust against a loss of function.
Architectural properties of the musculoskeletal system in the shoulder of two callitrichid primate species derived from virtual dissection
Authors: Eigen Lennart , Nyakatura John A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCallitrichidae are small, arboreal New World primates that utilize a variety of locomotor behaviors including trunk-to-trunk leaping (TTL) and horizontal locomotion which involve differential functional demands. Little is known about the relationship between the preferred locomotor behavior and musculoskeletal architecture of these primates. In this study, we compared the musculoskeletal architecture of selected shoulder muscles in two cadavers each of the trunk-to-trunk leaperCebuella pygmaeaand the mainly pronograde quadrupedally movingSaguinus imperator subgrisescens. Contrast-enhanced microfocus computed tomography (µCT) was used to virtually dissect the cadavers, produce muscle maps, and create 3D reconstructions for an image-based analysis of the muscles. Muscle lengths, muscle volumes, and osteological muscle moment arms were measured, and the anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSA) were calculated. We expected the muscles of the forelimb ofS. imperatorto be larger in volume and to be relatively shorter with a larger ACSA due to a higher demand for powerful extension in the forelimbs of this horizontally locomoting species. ForC. pygmaea, we expected relatively larger moment arms for the triceps brachii, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis, as larger moment arms present an advantage for extensive vertical clinging on the trunk. The muscles ofS. imperatorwere relatively larger in volume than inC. pygmaeaand had a relatively larger ACSA. Thus, the shoulder muscles ofS. imperatorwere suited to generate relatively larger forces than those ofC. pygmaea. Contrary to our expectations, there were only slight differences between species in regard to muscle lengths and moment arms, which suggests that these properties are not dependent on the preferred locomotor mode. The study of this limited dataset demonstrates that some but not all properties of the musculoskeletal architecture reflect the preferred locomotor behavior in the two species of Callitrichidae examined.
Epidemiological modelling of the health and economic effects of COVID-19 control in Australia’s second wave
Authors: Grafton R. Quentin , Parslow John , Kompas Tom , Glass Kathryn , Banks Emily 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the public health and economy outcomes of different levels of social distancing to control a ‘second wave’ outbreak in Australia and identify implications for public health management of COVID-19.

Methods
Individual-based and compartment models were used to simulate the effects of different social distancing and detection strategies on Australian COVID-19 infections and the economy from March to July 2020. These models were used to evaluate the effects of different social distancing levels and the early relaxation of suppression measures, in terms of public health and economy outcomes.

Results
The models, fitted to observations up to July 2020, yielded projections consistent with subsequent cases and showed that better public health outcomes and lower economy costs occur when social distancing measures are more stringent, implemented earlier and implemented for a sufficiently long duration. Early relaxation of suppression results in worse public health outcomes and higher economy costs.

Conclusions
Better public health outcomes (reduced COVID-19 fatalities) are positively associated with lower economy costs and higher levels of social distancing; achieving zero community transmission lowers both public health and economy costs compared to allowing community transmission to continue; and early relaxation of social distancing increases both public health and economy costs.
Knowledge Formation in Systemic Counselling Trainees from Germany: A Pilot Study from a Competence-Based Perspective
Authors: Henrich Marlene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis pilot study has two areas of focus. It examines how the knowledge and competences of twelve Master’s-level systemic counselling trainees are connected, and how well their own assessment of their competence corresponds to external assessment. Methodologically, three instruments were used: first, an instrument to measure their explicit knowledge; second, videos of consultations with simulated clients to measure their competence in practice; third, a self-assessment measure to explore how externally assessed competence corresponds to self-assessment. The results show no indication that knowledge is related to externally assessed competence. Furthermore, their self-assessment did not show any systematic connection to the external assessment. The study concludes that the development of systemic counselling skills is a long-term process of theory acquisition, practise, and reflection. Important reflection processes can be stimulated by self-assessment. However, such assessments are not sufficient to capture the quality and scope of competence.
Conceptual Learning and Local Incommensurability: A Dynamic Logic Approach
Authors: Strößner Corina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the logical study of rational belief dynamics has played an increasingly important role in philosophy. However, the dynamics of concepts such as conceptual learning received comparatively little attention within this debate. This is problematic insofar as the occurrence of conceptual change (especially in the sciences) has been an influential argument against a merely logical analysis of beliefs. Especially Kuhn’s ideas about the incommensurability, i.e., untranslatability, of succeeding theories seem to stand in the way of logical reconstruction. This paper investigates conceptual change as model-changing operations similar to belief revision and relates it to the notion of incommensurability. I consider several versions of conceptual change and discuss their influences on the expressive power, translatability and the potential arising of incommensurability. The paper concludes with a discussion of animal taxonomy in Aristotle’s and Linnaeus’s work.
From unavoidable food waste to advanced biomaterials: microfibrilated lignocellulose production by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of cassava peel and almond hull
Authors: Sulaeman Allyn P. , Gao Yang , Dugmore Tom , Remón Javier , Matharu Avtar S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLignocellulose based nanomaterials are emerging green biosolids commonly obtained from wood pulp. Alternative feedstocks, such as as unavoidable food waste, are interesting resources for nano/microfibers. This research reports the production and characterization of microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) from cassava peel (CP) and almond hull (AH) via acid-free microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment (MHT) at different temperatures (120–220 °C). During processing, the structural changes were tracked by ATR-IR, TGA, XRD, 13C CPMAS NMR, zeta potential, HPLC, elemental analysis (CHN; carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen), TEM and SEM analyses. The microwave processing temperature and nature of feedstock exerted a significant influence on the yields and properties of the MFLCs produced. The MFLC yields from CP and AH shifted by 15–49% and 31–73%, respectively. Increasing the MHT temperature substantially affected the crystallinity index (13–66% for CP and 36–62% for AH) and thermal stability (300–374 °C for CP and 300–364 °C for AH) of the MFLCs produced. This suggested that the MFLC from CP is more fragile and brittle than that produced from AH. These phenomena influenced the gelation capabilities of the fibers. AH MFLC pretreated with ethanol at low temperature gave better film-forming capabilities, while untreated and heptane pretreated materials formed stable hydrogels at solid concentration (2% w/v). At high processing temperatures, the microfibrils were separated into elementary fibers, regardless of pretreatment or feedstock type. Given these data, this work demonstrates that the acid-free MHT processing of CP and AH is a facile method for producing MFLC with potential applications, including adsorption, packaging and the production of nanocomposites and personal care rheology modifiers.
Graphic abstract
Möbius and coboundary polynomials for matroids
Authors: Johnsen Trygve , Verdure Hugues 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study how some coefficients of two-variable coboundary polynomials can be derived from Betti numbers of Stanley–Reisner rings. We also explain how the connection with these Stanley–Reisner rings forces the coefficients of the two-variable coboundary polynomials and Möbius polynomials to satisfy certain universal equations.
What Can We Learn from the Functional Clustering of Mortality Data? An Application to the Human Mortality Database
Authors: Léger Ainhoa-Elena , Mazzuco Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study analyzed whether there are different patterns of mortality decline among low-mortality countries by identifying the role played by all the mortality components. We implemented a cluster analysis using a functional data analysis (FDA) approach, which allowed us to consider age-specific mortality rather than summary measures, as it analyses curves rather than scalar data. Combined with a functional principal component analysis, it can identify what part of the curves is responsible for assigning one country to a specific cluster. FDA clustering was applied to the data from 32 countries in the Human Mortality Database from 1960 to 2018 to provide a comprehensive understanding of their patterns of mortality. The results show that the evolution of developed countries followed the same pattern of stages (with different timings): (1) a reduction of infant mortality, (2) an increase of premature mortality and (3) a shift and compression of deaths. Some countries were following this scheme and recovering the gap with precursors; others did not show signs of recovery. Eastern European countries were still at Stage (2), and it was not clear if and when they will enter Stage 3. All the country differences related to the different timings with which countries underwent the stages, as identified by the clusters.
Combining green LiDAR bathymetry, aerial images and telemetry data to derive mesoscale habitat characteristics for European grayling and brown trout in a Norwegian river
Authors: Sundt Håkon , Alfredsen Knut , Museth Jon , Forseth Torbjørn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile many studies provide microscale relationships between fish and habitat characteristics, studies covering longer river reaches are scarce. Modern remote sensing techniques may enable new and effective ways of mapping and assessing mesoscale habitat characteristics. Using green LIDAR-derived bathymetry and hydraulic modelling, we tested how mesoscale depth and velocity were related to fish counts of adult European grayling (Thymallus thymallusL.) and brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) in 500 m river sections in three separate periods during the year. Using riverbank sinuosity from aerial images and a Froude number-based index from the hydraulic model as proxies for mesoscale spatial and hydraulic heterogeneity, we tested for temporal correlations with river section fish counts of adult European grayling and brown trout. Results showed that mesoscale mean depth and velocity were correlated to period fish counts of adult European grayling. Using mixed model analysis we found that riverbank sinuosity and the Froude number-based index were significantly correlated with river section occurrence of adult European grayling during spawning. The results can be used to assess how flow-induced changes and channel adjustments at the mesoscale level can influence access to and use of relevant habitats in rivers occupied by European grayling and brown trout.
Time to Say ‘Good Buy’ to the Passive Consumer? A Conceptual Review of the Consumer in the Bioeconomy
Authors: Wilke Ulrich , Schlaile Michael P. , Urmetzer Sophie , Mueller Matthias , Bogner Kristina , Pyka Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuccessful transitions to a sustainable bioeconomy require novel technologies, processes, and practices as well as a general agreement about the overarching normative direction of innovation. Both requirements necessarily involve collective action by those individuals who purchase, use, and co-produce novelties: the consumers. Based on theoretical considerations borrowed from evolutionary innovation economics and consumer social responsibility, we explore to what extent consumers’ scope of action is addressed in the scientific bioeconomy literature. We do so by systematically reviewing bioeconomy-related publications according to (i) the extent to which consumers are regarded as passive vs. active, and (ii) different domains of consumer responsibility (depending on their power to influence economic processes). We find all aspects of active consumption considered to varying degrees but observe little interconnection between domains. In sum, our paper contributes to the bioeconomy literature by developing a novel coding scheme that allows us to pinpoint different aspects of consumer activity, which have been considered in a rather isolated and undifferentiated manner. Combined with our theoretical considerations, the results of our review reveal a central research gap which should be taken up in future empirical and conceptual bioeconomy research. The system-spanning nature of a sustainable bioeconomy demands an equally holistic exploration of the consumers’ prospective and shared responsibility for contributing to its coming of age, ranging from the procurement of information on bio-based products and services to their disposal.
Promotion effect of rare earth elements (Ce, Nd, Pr) on physicochemical properties of M-Al mixed oxides (M = Cu, Ni, Co) and their catalytic activity in N2O decomposition
Authors: Ho Phuoc Hoang , Jabłońska Magdalena , Beltrami Giada , Martucci Annalisa , Cacciaguerra Thomas , Paulus Werner , Di Renzo Francesco , Fornasari Giuseppe , Vaccari Angelo , Benito Patricia , Palkovits Regina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of M-AlOxmixed oxides (M = Cu, Co, Ni) with the addition of high loadings of rare earth elements (REE, R = Ce, Nd, Pr; R0.5M0.8Al0.2, molar ratio) were investigated in N2O decomposition. The precursors were prepared by coprecipitation and subsequent calcination at 600 °C. The obtained mixed metal oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction with Rietveld analysis, N2sorption, and H2temperature-programmed reduction. Depending on the nature of REE and the initial M-Al system, R cations could be separately segregated in oxide form or coordinated with the transition metal cations and form mixed structures. The addition of Ce3+consistently led to nanocrystalline CeO2mixed with the divalent oxides, whereas the addition of Nd3+or Pr3+resulted in the formation of their respective oxide phases as well as perovskites/Ruddlesden–Popper phases. The presence of REE modified the textural and redox properties of the calcined materials. The rare earth element-induced formation of low-temperature reducible MOxspecies that systematically improved the N2O decomposition on the modified catalysts compared to the pristine M-Al materials by the order of Co > Ni > Cu. The Ce0.5Co0.8Al0.2catalyst revealed the highest activity and remained stable (approximately 90% of N2O conversion) for 50 h during time-on-stream in 1000 ppm N2O, 200 ppm NO, 20 000 ppm O2, 2500 ppm H2O/N2balance at WHSV = 16 L g−1 h−1.
Coulomb Blockade Thermometry Beyond the Universal Regime
Authors: Yurttagül Nikolai , Sarsby Matthew , Geresdi Attila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe charge localization of single electrons on mesoscopic metallic islands leads to a suppression of the electrical current, known as the Coulomb blockade. When this correction is small, it enables primary electron thermometry, as it was first demonstrated by Pekola et al. (Phys Rev Lett 73:2903, 1994). However, in the low temperature limit, random charge offsets influence the conductance and limit the universal behavior of a single metallic island. In this work, we numerically investigate the conductance of a junction array and demonstrate the extension of the primary regime for large arrays, even when the variations in the device parameters are taken into account. We find that our simulations agree well with measured conductance traces in the submillikelvin electron temperature regime.