bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERN1 knockdown modifies the impact of glucose and glutamine deprivations on the expression of EDN1 and its receptors in glioma cells
Authors: Minchenko Dmytro O. , Khita Olena O. , Tsymbal Dariia O. , Viletska Yuliia M. , Sliusar Myroslava Y. , Yefimova Yuliia V. , Levadna Liudmyla O. , Krasnytska Dariia A. , Minchenko Oleksandr H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of glucose and gluta-mine deprivations on the expression of genes encoding EDN1 (endothelin-1), its cognate receptors (EDNRA and EDNRB), and ECE1 (endothelin converting enzyme 1) in U87 glioma cells in response to knockdown of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1), a major signaling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress, for evaluation of their possible implication in the control of glioma growth through ERN1 and nutrient limitations.

Methods. The expression level of EDN1, its receptors and converting enzyme 1 in control U87 glioma cells and cells with knockdown of ERN1 treated by glucose or glutamine deprivation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was studied.

Results. We showed that the expression level of EDN1 and ECE1 genes was significantly up-regulated in control U87 glioma cells exposure under glucose deprivation condition in comparison with the glioma cells, growing in regular glucose containing medium. We also observed up-regulation of ECE1 gene expression in U87 glioma cells exposure under glutamine deprivation as well as down-regulation of the expression of EDN1 and EDNRA mRNA, being more significant for EDN1. Furthermore, the knockdown of ERN1 signaling enzyme function significantly modified the response of most studied gene expressions to glucose and glutamine deprivation conditions. Thus, the ERN1 knockdown led to a strong suppression of EDN1 gene expression under glucose deprivation, but did not change the effect of glutamine deprivation on its expression. At the same time, the knockdown of ERN1 signaling introduced the sensitivity of EDNRB gene to both glucose and glutamine deprivations as well as completely removed the impact of glucose deprivation on the expression of ECE1 gene.

Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrated that the expression of endothelin-1, its receptors, and ECE1 genes is preferentially sensitive to glucose and glutamine deprivations in gene specific manner and that knockdown of ERN1 significantly modified the expression of EDN1, EDNRB, and ECE1 genes in U87 glioma cells. It is possible that the observed changes in the expression of studied genes under nutrient deprivation may contribute to the suppressive effect of ERN1 knockdown on glioma cell proliferation and invasiveness.
µ-Crystallin: A thyroid hormone binding protein
Authors: Kinney Christian J. , Bloch Robert J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
µ-Crystallin is a NADPH-regulated thyroid hormone binding protein encoded by the CRYM gene in humans. It is primarily expressed in the brain, muscle, prostate, and kidney, where it binds thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and thermogenesis. It also acts as a ketimine reductase in the lysine degradation pathway when it is not bound to thyroid hormone. Mutations in CRYM can result in non-syndromic deafness, while its aberrant expression, predominantly in the brain but also in other tissues, has been associated with psychiatric, neuromuscular, and inflammatory diseases. CRYM expression is highly variable in human skeletal muscle, with 15% of individuals expressing ≥13 fold more CRYM mRNA than the median level. Ablation of the Crym gene in murine models results in the hypertrophy of fast twitch muscle fibers and an increase in fat mass of mice fed a high fat diet. Overexpression of Crym in mice causes a shift in energy utilization away from glycolysis towards an increase in the catabolism of fat via β-oxidation, with commensurate changes of metabolically involved transcripts and proteins. The history, attributes, functions, and diseases associated with CRYM, an important modulator of metabolism, are reviewed.
Thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors: History and present state of art
Authors: Brtko Julius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present review traces the road leading to discovery of L-thyroxine, thyroid hormone (3,5,3´-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) and its cognate nuclear receptors. Thyroid hormone is a pleio-tropic regulator of growth, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis in higher organisms. The major site of the thyroid hormone action is predominantly a cell nucleus. T3 specific binding sites in the cell nuclei have opened a new era in the field of the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) discovery. T3 actions are mediated by high affinity nuclear TRs, TRalpha and TRbeta, which function as T3-activated transcription factors playing an essential role as transcription-modulating proteins affecting the transcriptional responses in target genes. Discovery and characterization of nuclear retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which form with TRs a heterodimer RXR/TR, positioned RXRs at the epicenter of molecular endocrinology. Transcriptional control via nuclear RXR/TR heterodimer represents a direct action of thyroid hormone. T3 plays a crucial role in the development of brain, it exerts significant effects on the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle contractile function, bone development and growth, both female and male reproductive systems, and skin. It plays an important role in maintaining the hepatic, kidney and intestine homeostasis and in pancreas, it stimulates the beta-cell proliferation and survival. The TRs cross-talk with other signaling pathways intensifies the T3 action at cellular level. The role of thyroid hormone in human cancers, acting via its cognate nuclear receptors, has not been fully elucidated yet. This review is aimed to describe the history of T3 receptors, starting from discovery of T3 binding sites in the cell nuclei to revelation of T3 receptors as T3-inducible transcription factors in relation to T3 action at cellular level. It also focuses on milestones of investigation, comprising RXR/TR dimerization, cross-talk between T3 receptors, and other regulatory pathways within the cell and mainly on genomic action of T3. This review also focuses on novel directions of investigation on relationships between T3 receptors and cancer. Based on the update of available literature and the author’s experimental experience, it is devoted to clinicians and medical students.
Effect of different drying processes on an antioxidant potential of three species of theLamiaceaefamily
Authors: Kwaśniewska-Karolak Izabella , Mostowski Radosław 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIntroduction: Spice plants are a rich source of biologically active compounds. Processes of drying, limits the development of microorganisms and biochemical reactions in raw herbs, at the same time modifies their chemical composition.Objective:The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of drying process of selected plants on their anti-oxidant potential and the content of biologically active compounds.Methods:The herbal materials thyme herb (Thymus vulgarisL.), sage leaves (Salvia officinalisL.) and rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) were dried using two methods: convective (at 30° C), and freeze-drying. In both, fresh and subjected to drying processes herbs, changes in total polyphenol and antioxidant potential (with the DPPH radical), vitamin C (in the form of ascorbic acid) and chlorophyll pigments contents, were studied.Results: The highest content of polyphenols and vitamin C was recorded in rosemary, while sage was characte- rized by the highest content of chlorophylls. It was found that the drying processes caused large losses of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and dyes in comparison to the fresh material. The highest losses of vitamin C occurred in convection dried sage (95%), while most was preserved in lyophilised thyme (losses 74%). Drying had also influenced the reduction of the content of chlorophylls with the largest loss of these compounds, at 94% observed in the freeze-dried rosemary. However, the content of polyphenols increased, underscoring a large impact on the antioxidant activity of herbs.Conclusions:Drying processes resulted in the release of phenolic compounds, so their content increased three to four times in the case of rosemary and sage. The largest increase was observed in the case of lyophilised thyme. Simultaneously, the antioxidant potential was significantly increased. Herbal droughts proved to be a rich source of antioxidant compounds with promising applications as a food additive.
Evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome before and after surgery
Authors: Erjavec Vladimira , Vovk Tomaž , Svete Alenka Nemec 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Canine brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a conformation-related respiratory disorder of dog breeds having congenitally flattened facial and skull anatomy. The aim of the study was to determine oxidative stress parameters, the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase in BOAS patients before and after surgical treatment and in healthy brachycephalic dogs.

Material and Methods
Nine healthy brachycephalic dogs that had not undergone surgery and 39 BOAS patients were included in the study. The BOAS patients were classified as grade 1 (5/34), grade 2 (16/34), and grade 3 (13/34) based on the decrease in the radius of the airway in the larynx. In BOAS patients, oxidative stress parameters were determined before and two weeks after surgery, while in control dogs, blood samples were collected only on inclusion to the study.

Results
All BOAS patients showed various degrees of improvement in clinical signs after surgery. Significantly lower (P < 0.05) SOD activity was found in grade 2 and 3 BOAS patients than in grade 1 patients. Two weeks after surgery, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in SOD activity in grade 2 and 3 patients was observed.

Conclusion
Antioxidant enzyme SOD may play an important role in BOAS and can be used as a biomarker of antioxidant status assessment in BOAS patients.
Cost Optimization and Risk Minimization During Teamwork Organization
Authors: Krynke Marek , Mielczarek Krzysztof , Kiriliuk Olga 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the paper the problem of personnel allocation under threat was presented. The possibilities of undertaking optimization measures in the process of workers’ health and safety and expenses incurred were emphasized. A mathematical model for this issue has been formulated. An algorithm solving the problem of staff allocation was presented. The evaluation criterion for this assignment was the minimization of worker safety risks. Simultaneous optimization of expenses incurred in the implementation of production tasks was taken into account. The productivity of the staff and all existing jobs with the skills of the employees also was considered. This problem was solved using GNU Octave. The example presented in the paper shows that in case of the most unfavorable allocation of tasks to employees, it will lead to a significant reduction in profits and may increase the risk of undesirable situations. The proposed analysis is the starting point for determining the risk in case of multi-position work.
Grouping of Major Changes in Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting and Analysis of New Challenges
Authors: Shkulipa Liudmyla 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article aims to research the major changes in the Conceptual Framework of Financial Reporting; to find out the new gaps in the current document; to group the changes into categories; to analyze the current difficulties and consequences of these changes for a consistent understanding between standard-setters and practitioners. The Onion research model based on the quantitative data collection with elements of descriptive analysis was considered as important contributions to the research methodology of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting investigation. As a result, a comparative analysis of the financial reporting concepts was made between July 1989, September 2010, and March 2018. The implications of results are two-fold. On the one hand, the revised Conceptual Framework is a more comprehensive set of concepts that enhance the understanding between practitioners and standard-setters. On the other hand, it consists of the new gaps most of them in the ―Updating” category. It is concluded that this innovation complicates the reporting process for practitioners because it requires using of additional judgments. Besides, the investigation shows some IFRS are not justified within only the Conceptual Framework that might be the subject for further research.
Offsprings Conceived Via Assisted Reproductive Technology By a Single Woman: A Matter of Father Identification
Authors: Anh Van Ngo Thi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article sets out the matter of the sperm donor’s identification as the father of the offspring conceived via assisted reproductive technology (ART) by a single woman. Through the lens of current regulations that are used for comparison with some other countries, the author lays out some proposals relevant to the mentioned matter.
Asean is in the Movement of Combating Corruption: Should New - Generation Ftas Be a Promising Forum for Anti-Corruption Enforcement of Asean in International Business?
Authors: Le Ho Trung Hieu , Verances Jennifer B. , Van Hung Tran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For a long time, corruption has been a shrilling concern for ASEAN member states for the reason of being one of the primary causes restricting the integration of these nations into international trade and efforts at globalization. In fact, over the last few years, ASEAN has undertaken a myriad of policies and improved the regional legal framework to combat corruption such as the signing of UNCAC and new free trade agreements and the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community. Notwithstanding this, according to the statistics of global organizations, the levels of anti-corruption in ASEAN countries, except Singapore and Brunei, are relatively low. This mainly derives from the fact that the national legal framework in each of the member states has not satisfied fully when the political regime lacks democracy, governmental authority is insufficiently impartial and the awareness of citizens about corruption is still moderate. Simultaneously, the international agreements to which ASEAN member states signed are only the model for domestic enforcement mechanisms, and seem to be silent on international enforcement of anti-corruption. To date, the WTO is known as a global agency for international business, to which all ASEAN countries have acceded. Under the WTO, there is no official mechanism for enforcement of anti-corruption; nevertheless, this organization acknowledges, encourages and states indirectly this issue via transparency, accountability or governance in their agreements (Government Procurement Agreement and Trade Facilitation Agreement). Under the Doha negotiation round, WTO member states failed to gain consensus to dismantle tariffs, resulting in the emergence of a myriad of bilateral and regional trade agreements out of the scope of the WTO. These have gradually developed to be so-called new-generation free trade agreements in the hope of mitigating the traditional trade barriers as well as lessening non-tariff ones, such as governance and transparency. The recent development of new-generation FTAs between ASEAN and/or ASEAN member(s) and the external trading partners that pay high attention to anti-corruption issues, i.e., EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, US, may create a promising forum for anti-corruption enforcement of ASEAN in international business in the future. This article will elaborate on all aforementioned issues before a reasonable conclusion is delivered.
From Hilbert proofs to consecutions and back
Authors: Øgaard Tore Fjetland 
Published: May 2021

Restall set forth a "consecution" calculus in his An Introduction to Substructural Logics. This is a natural deduction type sequent calculus where the structural rules play an important role. This paper looks at different ways of extending Restall's calculus. It is shown that Restall's weak soundness and completeness result with regards to a Hilbert calculus can be extended to a strong one so as to encompass what Restall calls proofs from assumptions. It is also shown how to extend the calculus so as to validate the metainferential rule of reasoning by cases, as well as certain theory-dependent rules.
TINGKAT AKURASI PENETAPAN NILAI JUAL OBJEK PAJAK BUMI TERHADAPNILAI PASAR DENGAN METODE ASSESSMENT SALES RATIO (STUDI KASUSPADAKECAMATAN MUARA SATU KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE)
Authors: Razif Razif , Wati Kasnah 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of accuracy of the determination of the object tax selling value (NJOP) of the earth to market value by the method of assessment sales ratio in Muara Satu subdistrict, Lhokseumawe City. The data used is quantitative data presented in the form of numbers of NJOP and Market Value. The used sample used is 30 data on purchasing and selling transactions. The analytical method used isdescriptive quantitative and data analysis using descriptive statistics, which used the asessment sales ratio test which includes measurement of central tendency, measurement of variability (COD and COV), and Study Ratio.based on the result of the analysis, it can be concluded whit that: a) assessments sales ratio from each village is still not in accordance with the assessment ratio set by the local goverment, which is a minimum of 80%. b) the results of the measurement of the central level of assessment tendency in the NJOP determination in th Muara Satu subdistrict area are not in the interval standard international assosiation of assessing officers (IAAO). c) NJOP variability measurements in muara satu subdistrict have been set at a different level of assessment.
archivo y la condición humana
Authors: Levoyer Rodriguez Carlos Edison 
Published: May 2021

Este artículo está escrito por dos autores: Oscar Llerena y Carlos Levoyer. Sin embargo, cada uno ha anotado observaciones al otro autor en breves párrafos que el lector podrá distinguir.
Al inicio, el profesor Llerena nos guía a una de las esencias de la modernidad y de su actitud frente al tema de la memoria, su proyecto de perpetuación. Prosigue la reflexión valiéndose de Foucault a la vez que dotando de un andamiaje para entender la construcción en que devino la historia oficial en las versiones de los llamados Cronistas de Indias y la deconstrucción operada por Luis Andrade Reimers sobre el perfil del fundador de lo que hoy llamamos Ecuador: Atahualpa. Termina poniendo énfasis en la importancia de la documentación de siglos pasados.
En la segunda parte Levoyer habla sobre los archivos de oficinas, el poco valor que les otorgan ciertos burócratas ecuatorianos, las bibliotecas y archivos españoles. Nos entera de sus investigaciones y hallazgos de documentación ecuatoriana en esos archivos, la necesidad de insertarlos con el concurso de las Ciencias Humanas en sus respectivos horizontes históricos, lo indispensable que es transcribirlos mediante la paleografía para poder leerlos, los pasos para confeccionar un Informe final paleográfico. Señala dónde se encuentran nuestros documentos coloniales, enfocando sobre el Archivo General de Indias, los trabajos que en él se han logrado hacer, mostrando que son muy pocos, tantos que llega a decir que están abandonados. Finalmente, señala la necesidad de ir al encuentro de esa documentación mediante la paleografía para ayudarnos a enfrentar serios temas de nuestra vida como país.
Investigation of thermal processes in hydrogen-oxygen steam generators of kilowatt power class
Authors: Schastlivtsev A. I. , Molotov I. M. , Borzenko V. I. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE. Testing of a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator (HOSG) of the kilowatt power class for the study of heat and mass transfer processes. METHODS. At the first stage, the technological system of diagnostics and control was considered, with the help of which preliminary tests were carried out. According to the results of which the structural elements of the HOSG were modernized. Further, at the second stage, an automated process control system was created, which ensured the conduct of multi-mode tests of the HOSG. RESULTS. The design of the HOSG showed its efficiency. The changes in the cooling water flow rate, pressure and temperature in the evaporation chamber during multi-mode tests are presented, as well as the generalized results of experimental studies, which show the dependence of the steam temperature on the mass fraction of water at different coefficients of the excess oxidizer.CONCLUSION. During the preliminary tests, the development of upgraded components of the HOSG was carried out, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of its operation. The created automated control system made it possible to successfully conduct subsequent multi-mode tests with two different types of cameras. The indicators of unreacted hydrogen are comparable to those already achieved in existing devices. The characteristic transition times from mode to mode show compliance with the requirements for creating autonomous power plants based on renewable energy sources.
SOIL AND SUBSOIL WATERS (TOP WATER) IN THE STONE STEPPE CHERNOZEMIC SOILS
Authors: Isaev V. А. , Belobrov V. P. , Yudin S. А. , Voronin А. Ya. , Fomin D. S. , Ermolaev N. R. , Dukhanin Yu. А. , Иванов А. L. , Cheverdin Yu. I. , Bespalov V. А. 
Published: May 2021

Upper groundwater level (verhovodka) is considered as one of the factors of soil waterlogging associated with both the natural features of the territory and anthropogenic impact. On the case of one of the watershed areas of the steppe, where many years of scientific research are being conducted to assess the minimization of agrotechnical methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, a soil-geomorphological profile 1 km long was studied on which 8 wells were drilled, to a depth of groundwater with water sampling for salinity and chemical composition. The results showed that there are no visual signs of gleying in the profile of chernozems, the groundwater level correlates with the daytime surface of the relief, and in the soil-ground layer at depths of 2.0-3.9 m there is a horizon of "chocolate" clay, which forms a local aquiclude. Sulphate-sodium composition of fresh waters potentially dangerous for the salinization of chernozems at a high level of GWL (ground water level). Verhovodka is important to desalinating groundwater located above the confining layer, playing the role of a local factor of desalinization of the soil-ground layer of sediments.Since 2009, in the Kamennaya Steppe, according to the data of the main hydrogeological well No. 1, the GWL is constantly at a depth of over 7 m, which characterizes the beginning of the next natural-anthropogenic aridization. In conditions of a lack of surface moisture, no-till techniques should be recommended as a factor in reducing evaporation and moisture accumulation in the steppe chernozems.