bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Administered Subcutaneous Medroxyprogesterone Acetate for Improving Contraceptive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nabhan Ashraf Fawzy , Elshabrawy Amal , ElShafeey Farida , Mehrain Luna Marion , Kabra Rita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is an easy-to-use injectable contraceptive. A trained person can administer it, including women through self-injection. Objectives: to assess the effectiveness and safety of self-injection versus provider-administered subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for improving continuation of contraceptive use.Search strategy: We searched for randomized controlled trials on November 1, 2020 in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Open Grey, clinical trials registries, and reference lists of relevant studies. We did not impose any search restrictions.Selection criteria: We included randomized trials comparing self- vs provider-administered subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently screened trials, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. We used risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals for dichotomous outcomes.Results: We identified 3 randomized trials (9 reports; 1264 participants). The risk of bias in the included studies was low except for performance bias and detection bias of participant-reported outcomes in unmasked trials. Self-administration, compared to provider-administration, increased continuation of contraceptive use (risk ratio 1.35; 95% confidence intervals 1.10 to 1.66); moderate-certainty evidence). Self-injection appears to be making more of an impact on continuation for younger women compared to women 25 years and older and on women living in low and middle income compared to high income countries. There was no subgroup difference by the type of care provider (community health worker vs clinic-based provider).Conclusions: Self-injection of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate probably improves continuation of contraceptive use. The effects on other outcomes remain uncertain because of the very low certainty of evidence.Registration number: CRD42018097388.
Anti-parasitic activity of&nbsp;nano Citrullus colocynthis and nano Capparis spinose against Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro
Authors: Alardi Musafer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The use of plant extracts and the benefit of their unique properties in treating various pathogens is the return to mother nature, and an attempt to overcome the problems of side effects resulting from the use of chemical drugs and the ability of some pathogens to resist these drugs. Nanotechnology has strengthened the ability of drugs to reach the target and reduced the size and amount of dose needed for treatment.Nano-extracts of Citrullus colocynthis and Capparis spinosa at concentrations of (100,250 and 500) ppm prepared to the treatment Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro at the time (12 , 24, 72)h. Results compared with the use of 0.1% of metronidazole (500 mg).The results showed that the concentrations (100,250, 500) ppm of C. colocynthis had an inhibitory activity for the growth rate (43.77, 69.15, 89.89) at the time (12, 24 and 72) hours, respectively. The inhibitory activity of C. spinosa was (43.18, 67.41, 87.04) at the same time and concentration, compared with metronidazole (43.47, 70.40, 87.04) at the same time. Neither plants showed severe effects in hemolysis.From the results, it can be concluded that either plant can be used as an alternative to metronidazole after completing human and animal tests.
Antagonistic Activity and Characterization of Indigenous Soil Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi Against Onion Wilt Incited by Fusarium sp
Authors: Karim Hilda , Asmawati Andi , Jumadi Oslan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing amount of global shallot production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates which have Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Foc growth. B1 and B4 bacterial isolates had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93% and 72.27% respectively. Whereas C1 and C2 fungal isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Foc by as much as 74.82% and 67.76% respectively. The four tested microbial isolates were able to significantly inhibit Foc activity in vitro based on the ANOVA test, with values α = 0.05, and n = 3. Molecular analysis based on 16S-rRNA markers showed bacterial isolates B1 and B4 have an evolutionary relationship with B. subtilis. Whereas fungi C1 and C2 have evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma asperellum respectively, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers. The results of this study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) on shallots.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Pre-Operative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) In Predicting Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis: Variations In Intrinsic Subtypes, And Potential to Omit Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy In Some Low Risk Groups of Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer.&nbsp;
Authors: Chen Shu Tian , Liu Tsang-Wu , Ku Hsiu-Ying , Lai Hung-Wen , Wen Tzu-Cheng , Wu Wen-Pei , Chen Shou-Tung , Wu Hwa-Koon , Chen Dar-Ren , Kuo Shou-Jen , Chang Yu-Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The value and utility of axillary lymph node(ALN) evaluation with MRI in breast cancer were not clear for various intrinsic subtypes. The potential of breast MRI to identify low risk groups for which is feasible to omit sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was evaluated according to the ACOSOG Z0011 trial.Methods: Patients with primary operable breast cancer with pre-operative breast MRI and post-operative pathologic reports were retrospectively collected. The concordance of MRI and pathology of ALN status was analyzed in different intrinsic subtypes. Furthermore, our rationale to omit SLNB in the low risks group was validated in a cohort of patients from the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) by comparing locoregional events, distant metastasis, and survival outcomes.Results: A total of 1560 patients were enrolled. The overall accuracy and negative predictive value (NPV) of breast MRI to predict the ALN metastasis are 69.6% and 80.6%. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of MRI in detecting metastatic ALN are all significantly different between intrinsic subtypes (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified tumor size and histologic type as independent predictive factors of ALN metastases. Patients with a pre-operative breast MRI node-negative status along with a tumor size ≤ 2 cm and intrinsic subtype of Luminal A, Luminal B1, or TNBC were potential candidates to omit SLNB. In a cohort of 19,620 patients with clinical node-negative status and tumor size ≤ 2cm(cT1N0M0) from the TCR database, there were not significant differences between those with or without ALN surgery in terms of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis free survival, and overall survival after BCS and radiotherapy.Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of MRI to predict ALN metastasis varied according to intrinsic subtype. Combined pre-operative clinicopathologic and MRI findings might identify some low risk groups of invasive breast cancer patients who are potentially suitable to omit SLNB.
Molecular Hydrophobicity of Hydroxylated MgO Surfaces
Authors: Adhikari Narendra , Tuladhar Aashish , Wang Zheming , De Yoreo James , Rosso Kevin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Interfaces between minerals and water play a vital role in many geochemical and industrial processes such as dissolution and growth, sorption of heavy metals and organic contaminants, heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion, and many more. Due in part to its simple geometric structure, MgO (periclase) is a useful model system for understanding how the interaction between specific surface structure and water yield macroscopic observables such as wettability. Here we report the first vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy study of MgO (100) and (111) single crystal surfaces, using hydrated conditions both in the ambient atmosphere and in contact with a bulk aqueous fluid. Although most metal oxide surfaces are hydroxylated and strongly interacting with water, for MgO crystal surfaces in air or water vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) spectra show the presence of strong non-H-bonded OH stretching vibrations (~ 3700 cm− 1), suggesting an unusual molecularly hydrophobicity.
Sustaining the Oil and Gas Industry through corporate social responsibility practices by multinational oil and gas companies in emerging economies.
Authors: Gyane Ama Twumwaa , Nunoo Edward Kweku , Suleman Shafic 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide empirical evidence from the perspective of corporate social responsibility practices by multinational oil and gas companies in emerging economies on how investments in and disclosure of this practice could enhance financial sustainability. Accounting-based measures on investments, financial performance, disclosures of activities and panel data set on company size (total assets) over a 10-year period (t) were analysed. Findings show that oil firms with interest in emerging economies take key aspects of corporate social responsibility practices seriously. There was significant positive relationship (p = 0.0035 < 0.05) between investment in the practice and sustainability in financial performance. No significant relationship (p = 0.4409 > 0.05) was established between disclosure and financial performance. Functional corporate social responsibility practices were envisaged to yield sustained dividend in terms of a stronger financial outlook for oil and gas companies for poverty alleviation and to achieve key sustainable development goals and targets in emerging economies.
Fracture mechanism of rock collapse in the freeze-thaw zone of eastern Sichuan-Tibet Mountains under seasonal fluctuating combinations of water and heat
Authors: Wu Yong , Li Xinpo , Zhu Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the freeze-thaw zone of eastern Sichuan-Tibet Mountains, the phases of water in cracks show strong seasonal variations, which significantly affect the stability of perilous rocks in mountains. However, few works have clearly addressed the role of water/ice in crack development from a fracture mechanics viewpoint to explain the seasonality of rock collapse. In this study, we built physical models from a fracture mechanics viewpoint to calculate water-freezing stress, hydrostatic pressure, and their combinations induced by water/ice in cracks, and show the crack propagation mechanism under temperature fluctuations in different seasons in mountainous regions. Based on the models, we calculate fracture conditions, simulate the crack process, and illustrate the rock collapse mechanism in different seasons by the extended finite element method. The results indicate that different phases of water, which induce stress under spatiotemporal fluctuations of temperature, determine the various propagation styles and influence what kind and when a collapse will occur. The collapse of fractured rocks in different seasons generally results from rock damage accumulation owing to the initiation, propagation, and connection of primary cracks under freezing stress or hydrostatic pressure or their different combinations.
Molecular Detection of Cattle Sarcocystis Spp. In North-West Italy Targeting Cox1 And 18S Genes Highlights Its Association With Bovine Eosinophilic Myositis.
Authors: Rubiola Selene , Civera Tiziana , Panebianco Felice , Vercellino Davide , Chiesa Francesco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cattle are intermediate hosts of six Sarcocystis species, among which Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis heydorni can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat. In addition to the zoonotic potential, there is increasing interest in these protozoa due to the evidences supporting the role of Sarcocystis spp. in the occurrence of bovine eosinophilic myositis (BEM), a specific inflammatory myopathy which leads to carcass condemnation and considerable economic losses. Actually, all the prevalence studies carried out on cattle in Italy have been based either on morphological or 18S rDNA-based molecular techniques, most likely leading to misidentification of closely related species. Therefore, there is a strong need for new data on the prevalence of the different Sarcocystis spp. in cattle in Italy and their association with bovine eosinophilic myositis.Methods: To reach our aim, individual cattle samples from BEM condemned carcasses (N=54) and randomly sampled carcasses (N=59) were obtained from Piedmont slaughterhouses. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by multiplex-PCR targeting 18S and cox1 genes. PCR products amplified using the genus specific primer set in absence of the specific fragment for S. hirsuta, S. cruzi, S. hominis or S. bovifelis, were sequenced to achieve species identification.Results: Sarcocystis DNA was detected in 67.8% of the samples from slaughter cattle and in 90.7% of the samples from BEM condemned carcasses. S. cruzi was identified as the most prevalent species (61%), followed by S. bovifelis (10.2%), S. hominis (8.5%) and S. hirsuta (1.7%). Notably, among the different Sarcocystis spp. detected, the presence of S. bovifelis and S. hominis was significantly higher in samples isolated from BEM condemned carcasses (46.3% and 40.7% respectively), while there was no statistically significant difference between the presence of S. cruzi or S. hirsuta in BEM condemned carcasses and randomly sampled carcasses. Furthermore, DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a putative new species in 2 carcasses.Conclusions: Our study contributes to update the data on the prevalence of the different Sarcocystis spp. in cattle in Italy and emphasize the role of S. hominis and S. bovifelis as the major sarcosporidian species involved.
Association between Working in Awkward Postures, in Particular Overhead Work, and Pain in the Shoulder Region in the Context of the 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey
Authors: Barthelme Julia , Sauter Martha , Mueller Charlotte , Liebers Falk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of work-related sick leave and incur substantial socioeconomic costs. With the aging of our society and employees, the problem is exacerbating, and prevention is becoming increasingly important. According to previous studies, exposure to awkward postures, such as overhead work, is associated with musculoskeletal problems. Objective: This study aimed to determine the current prevalence of employees who work in awkward postures, specifically overhead, stratified by age, gender and occupation in the context of the 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey and to analyze associations between awkward working postures, in particular overhead work, and pain in the shoulder region. Method: The study is based on secondary data from the German 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey . We have included 14,327 of the 20,012 employees aged between 15 and 67 who work at least 35 hours per week who took part in the survey. The classification of participants in occupational groups is based on the Blossfeld classification. The multivariate analysis was conducted by applying robust Poisson regression models adjusted block by block to obtain the relation between the self-reported frequency of working in awkward postures, in particular overhead work, and the occurrence of arm and neck/shoulder pain. Prevalence ratios (PR) are reported as effect estimates. Results: 12.6 % of participants indicated that they are often exposed to awkward postures at work; 5 % stated they often performed overhead work. The majority of these employees work in agricultural, unskilled, and skilled manual occupations. The crude prevalence is 17.4 % for arm pain and 48.4 % for neck and shoulder pain. If subjects reported that they often performed overhead work, the risk of arm pain increased by 18 % (PR 1.18, CI 1.04 – 1.34, final model). Conclusion: Working in awkward postures, especially overhead work, is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the arms. The development of prevention strategies should focus on the workforce in agricultural, unskilled and skilled manual occupations.
A Refutation Of Special Relativity:
II. Charge Particle Motion in Magnetic and Electric Fields
Authors: Samuel Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Models for the radiation damping force of a charged particle in a magnetic or electric field by means of a flux-proportional Lentz force has been shown to be an elegant solution for the inward spiraling trajectories under magnetic fields, and the speed limited trajectories under electric fields. Our phenomenological formulation of the damping force in a magnetic field requires a new attenuation coefficient, α, that has only been evaluated using experimental data, but whose pure theoretical evaluation may lead to improved understanding of the mechanism of electron damping in electromagnetic fields. We believe that the synchrotron radiation and its observed coherence is already sufficient experimental evidence for our modeling of radiation damping. It is hoped that our model could be applied to improve the designs of free electron lasers as well as the design of particle accelerators.
Learning from COVID-19 Pandemic: In Silico Vaccine and Cloning Design Against Nipah Virus by Studying and Analyzing the Whole Nipah Virus Proteome.
Authors: Habib Peter T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus of the Henipavirus genus first identified in Malaysia in 1998. Henipavirus have bat reservoir hosts and have been isolated from fruit bats found across Oceania, Asia, and Africa. Bat-to-human transmission is thought to be the primary mode of human NiV infection, although multiple intermediate hosts are described. Human infections with NiV were originally described as a syndrome of fever and rapid neurological decline following contact with swine. More recent outbreaks describe a syndrome with prominent respiratory symptoms and human-to-human transmission. Nearly annual outbreaks have been described since 1998 with case fatality rates reaching greater than 90%. To prevent the spreading of the Nipah virus and turning it into a new pandemic, we must be armed with a ready-made vaccine to save the time consuming that vaccine takes until production. Here we in this paper, we analyzed the whole Nipah virus proteome to find out the most antigenic, non-allergic, and immune inducing epitopes to construct different vaccines that undergone deep investigation to reveal the most appropriate vaccine to immunize humanity from this probably pandemic.
A comparative examination of MBR and SBR performance for municipal wastewater treatment
Authors: Kitanou S. , Ayyoub H. , Touir J. , Zdeg A. , Benabdallah S. , Taky M. , Elmidaoui A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the performance of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) and anoxic–aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are compared in treating municipal wastewater. The aim of the work was to determine the feasibility of these systems for the removal of organics matter and nutriments from the municipal wastewater. The MBR displayed a superior performance with removal efficiencies exceeding 99% for TSS, 94% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an improvement on SBR efficiencies was found. In the same way, the MBR produced an effluent with much better quality than SBR in terms of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies. Combining membrane separation and biodegradation processes or the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology improved pollution removal efficiencies significantly.
Adsorption of Congo Red on Pb doped FexOy: experimental study and theoretical modeling via double-layer statistical physics models
Authors: Fegade Umesh , Kolate Sachin , Dhake Rajesh , Inamuddin  , Altalhi Tariq , Kanchi Suvardhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Size-controlled Pb0.06Fe0.7O3 nanoparticles (Pb-FeONPs) were fabricated by the thermal co-precipitation method and characterized by FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and IR techniques. The SEM and XRD images showed the average size distribution and average crystallite size of 19.21 nm and 4.9 nm, respectively. The kinetic model of Congo Red (CR) adsorption onto Pb-FeONPs was verified and found to be a pseudo-second-order reaction. The Langmuir plot was better fitted (R2 = 0.990) than other isotherm models with a Qmax (mg/g) of 500 for Congo Red (CR) dye in 40 min. The double-layer statistical physics model based on two energies was used to calculate the significant parameters. The n (stoichiometric coefficient) values obtained from the statistical physics double-layer model were found to be 0.599, 0.593, and 0.565, which are less than 1, indicating the multi-docking process. The regeneration of Pb-FeONPs was used for up to 5 cycles effectively, making the material highly economical. The Pb-FeONPs were fruitfully applied for the removal of CR dye from wastewater on a laboratory and industrial scale.
Hospital wastewater treated with a novel bacterial consortium (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp.) for phytotoxicity reduction in Berseem clover and tomato crops
Authors: Rashid Aneeba , Mirza Safdar A. , Keating Ciara , Ali Sikander , Campos Luiza C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hospital wastewaters are produced in large volumes in Pakistan (∼362–745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for crop irrigation and induce a phytotoxic effect on plant growth. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of untreated and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination of a fodder crop Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem clover) and a food crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). A bacterial consortium was formed with three bacterial strains, i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp., which were individually proven efficient in previous studies. The concentrations of untreated and treated hospital wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used to irrigate these crop seeds. To assess the efficiency of treatment, the germination percentage, delay index, germination index, stress tolerance indices, seedling vigour index and phytotoxicity index were calculated and were statistically proven significant. The seeds grown in treated wastewater concentrations showed negative values of phytotoxicity indices (tomato: −0.36, −0.47, −0.78 and −1.11; Berseem clover: −0.23) which indicate a stimulatory or non-toxic effect on seedling growth. Our work proposes that this bacterial consortium is efficient for hospital wastewater treatment before crop irrigation.