bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiating a Room‐Temperature Rechargeable Aqueous Fluoride‐Ion Battery with Long Lifespan through a Rational Buffering Phase Design
Authors: Li Xuejin , Tang Yongchao , Zhu Jiaxiong , Lv Haiming , Xu Yan , Wang Wenlong , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreviously reported fluoride‐ion batteries (FIBs) can only work at high temperatures (>150 °C) with solid electrolytes or organic electrolytes. Aqueous FIB has barely been reported due to the unstable F– electrochemistry in aqueous electrolytes. In addition, the electrode materials commonly suffer from serious and adverse volume expansion during the conversion reaction. Herein, a stable aqueous F– electrochemistry is realized by a rational buffering phase design in which stagger distribution of BiF3 and Bi7F11O5 phases is achieved. The enhanced F– electrochemistry is systematically studied and suggests that the Bi7F11O5 phase plays a vital role in the stability and reversibility of the electrode due to its lower volume change and higher electronic conductivity. Pulverization and dissolution of active species issues are also suppressed. As a result, the assembled battery delivers excellent cycling stability, high reversibility, and superior rate capability, which is far better than conventional solid fluoride shuttle batteries. Mechanism studies demonstrate that the capacity comes from reversible conversion between Bi3+ and Bi0 with an intermediate phase of Bi7F11O5. This work initiates room‐temperature FIBs with aqueous electrolytes and provides a good cycling lifespan, which pave the way to a more practical fluoride ion storage system.
Maximizing Energy Storage of Flexible Aqueous Batteries through Decoupling Charge Carriers
Authors: Dai Chunlong , Jin Xuting , Ma Hongyun , Hu Linyu , Sun Guoqiang , Chen Hao , Yang Qiuju , Xu Maowen , Liu Qianwen , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Xinqun , Yang Hongsheng , Guo Qiang , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFlexible aqueous rechargeable batteries that integrate excellent mechanical flexibility and reliable safety hold a great promise for next‐generation wearable electronics. Unfortunately, currently available options are unsatisfactory due to their low specific capacity, limited energy density, and unstable voltage output. Herein, to overcome these challenges, high theoretical specific capacity zinc and sulfur as the anode and cathode are selected, respectively. Furthermore, a strategy is proposed, that decoupling charge carriers in anolyte and catholyte to simultaneously endow the zinc anode and sulfur cathode with optimal redox chemistry, maximizes the energy storage of flexible aqueous batteries. The new zinc–sulfur hybrid battery possesses merits of ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3350 mAh gS−1) and volumetric energy density (3868 Wh L−1), low cost, ecofriendliness, and ease of fabrication and is a promising next‐generation aqueous energy storage system. The fabricated flexible aqueous zinc–sulfur hybrid battery delivers a stable output voltage (release 92% of its full capacity within a small voltage drop of 0.15 V) and an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 2063 mAh gS−1 at 100 mA gS−1, thus setting a new benchmark for flexible aqueous batteries and is promising to play a part in future flexible electronics.
Recent Developments and Future Prospects for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors: a Review
Authors: Tang Heng , Yao Junjun , Zhu Yirong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe design and development of advanced energy storage systems with both high energy/power densities and long cycling life have long been a research hotspot. Zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) are regarded as emerging and highly promising candidates, which originates from the combined advantages of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with large energy density and supercapacitors (SCs) with exceptional power density and cycle stability. This critical review comprehensively and systematically summarizes the fundamentals and recent advances of ZICs, including their compositions, two types of energy storage mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of ZICs as well as their electrode materials, electrolytes and new types of devices. Moreover, the present challenges and future research directions of ZICs are proposed, which need further research. This review is expected to provide good guidance for the design and exploitation of high‐performance ZICs to realize their potential practical applications.
The effect of scientific information and narrative on preferences for possible gene‐edited solutions for citrus greening
Authors: McFadden Brandon R. , Anderton Brittany N. , Davidson Kelly A. , Bernard John C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study used a national survey to examine how information that compared and contrasted gene editing with other breeding techniques, as well as a narrative, influenced both attitudes towards gene editing generally and preferences between a gene‐edited insect and gene‐edited tree to combat citrus greening. Consumers had low familiarity with gene editing but linked it to genetic modification. For citrus greening, respondents equally supported a gene‐edited insect or tree, but the narrative decreased the perceived safety of both. These findings suggest that in general, consumers may support gene editing approaches to combat citrus greening.JEL CLASSIFICATIOND83; Q13; Q16
High‐throughput phenotyping of canopy height in cool‐season crops using sensing techniques
Authors: Zhang Chongyuan , Craine Wilson A. , McGee Rebecca J. , Vandemark George J. , Davis James B. , Brown Jack , Hulbert Scot H. , Sankaran Sindhuja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant breeders are interested in plant height data, which is an important agronomic data associated with lodging and mechanical harvest. Manual measurement of plant height with limited samples per plot and data acquisition frequency remains the standard method in breeding programs. To overcome such limitations, this study focuses on plant height estimation in canola (Brassica napus L./winter canola, and B. napus L. and B. rapa L./spring canola), pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and camelina (Camelina sativa L.) breeding trials using sensors. Plant height data were collected using a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor system mounted on a tractor (for pea and chickpea) and an unmanned aerial system (UAS) integrated with a Red–Green–Blue (RGB) camera (for four crops). The LiDAR data and UAS‐based images were processed to extract six plant height features. Significant (P < .0001) correlations between LiDAR estimated and manually measured plant height data were observed with correlation coefficient (r) of .74 and .91 in chickpea and pea, respectively. Image‐based plant height estimations were also correlated (P < .0001) with manually measurement in the four crops (r = .57 – .98). This study demonstrated that the plant height of four cool‐season crops can be estimated using either proximal or remote sensing techniques even if the canopy architectures of these crops pose challenges. Such high throughput phenotyping technologies can be applied in plant breeding and crop production to monitor plant height and associated traits such as lodging in an efficient and timely manner.
Clinical TNM staging for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers in the era of neoadjuvant therapy: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Fukagawa Takeo , Haga Yoshio , Okazumi Shin‐ichi , Oba Koji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimClinical staging is vital for selecting appropriate candidates and designing neoadjuvant treatment strategies for advanced tumors. The aim of this review was to evaluate diagnostic abilities of clinical TNM staging for gastrointestinal, gastrointestinal cancers.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of recent publications to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic modalities on gastrointestinal cancers. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE using the keywords “TNM staging,” “T4 staging,” “distant metastases,” “esophageal cancer,” “gastric cancer,” and “colorectal cancer,” and the search terms used in Cochrane Reviews between January 2005 to July 2020. Articles focusing on preoperative diagnosis of: (a) depth of invasion; (b) lymph node metastases; and (c) distant metastases were selected.ResultsAfter a full‐text search, a final set of 55 studies (17 esophageal cancer studies, 26 gastric cancer studies, and 12 colorectal cancer studies) were used to evaluate the accuracy of clinical TNM staging. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were the best modalities to assess distant metastases. Fat and fiber mode of CT may be useful for T4 staging of esophageal cancer, CT was a partially reliable modality for lymph node staging in gastric cancer, and CT combined with MRI was the most reliable modality for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.ConclusionThe most reliable diagnostic modality differed among gastrointestinal cancers depending on the type of cancer. Therefore, we propose diagnostic algorithms for clinical staging for each type of cancer.
Nonlinear model predictive control for distributed parameter systems by time–space‐coupled model reduction
Authors: Qing Xiangyun , Song Jun , Jin Jing , Zhao Shuangliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonlinear high‐dimensional distributed parameter systems (DPSs) described by sets of parabolic partial different equations (PDEs) exhibit a dominant, low‐dimensional slow behavior that can be captured using model reduction. A time–space‐coupled model reduction architecture combining encoder–decoder networks with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) was presented in our previous work, for modeling the spatiotemporal dynamics of DPSs without recourse to the governing equations. In this work, we further understand the stability of the training dynamics of the deep architecture by using the Lyapunov exponents (LEs). Subsequently, we construct nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) formulations for the DPS based on the learned, dimensional‐reduced model. We use a path‐integral optimal control algorithm for MPC implementation to avoid any analytic derivatives of the dynamics. The effectiveness of integration of a deep neural network‐based model with MPC is demonstrated in a tubular reactor with recycle cases. The results of the simulation also show that the LE can serve as a readout of training stability for the learned dynamical model.
Psychiatric genomics research during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium researchers
Authors: Guintivano Jerry , Dick Danielle , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBetween April 20, 2020 and June 19, 2020 we conducted a survey of the membership of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on their research and academic careers. A total of 123 individuals responded representing academic ranks from trainee to full professor, tenured and fixed‐term appointments, and all genders. The survey included both quantitative and free text responses. Results revealed considerable concern about the impact of COVID‐19 on research with the greatest concern reported by individuals in nonpermanent positions and female researchers. Concerns about the availability of funding and the impact of the pandemic on career progression were commonly reported by early career researchers. Recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators have been provided to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Conversion of Dinitrogen into Nitrile: Cross‐Metathesis of N2‐Derived Molybdenum Nitride with Alkynes
Authors: Song Jinyi , Liao Qian , Hong Xin , Jin Li , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe direct synthesis of nitrile from N2under mild conditions is of great importance and has attracted much interest. Herein, we report a direct conversion of N2into nitrile via a nitrile–alkyne cross‐metathesis (NACM) process involving a N2‐derived Mo nitride. Treatment of the Mo nitride with alkyne in the presence of KOTf afforded an alkyne‐coordinated nitride, which was then transformed into MoVcarbyne and the corresponding nitrile upon 1 e−oxidation. Both aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkynes underwent this process smoothly. Experiments and DFT calculations have proved that the oxidation state of the Mo center plays a crucial role. This method does not rely on the nucleophilicity of the N2‐derived metal nitride, offering a novel strategy for N2fixation chemistry.
Effect of coating structure of granulated quasi‐fuel particles in iron ore sintering
Authors: Lai Zhenya , Lv Laiquan , Meng Hanxiao , Zhou Mingxi , Ma Pengnan , Cen Kefa , Zhou Hao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo reduce greenhouse gas emissions, biomass fuels are used to gradually replace fossil fuels in the sintering process. Unfortunately, the sinter quality will deteriorate sharply due to too fast combustion rate when using biomass fuels. To address this problem, pregranulation proved to be an effective method. In this study, the pilot‐scale sinter pot tests were carried out to study the effect of coating structure of granulated quasi‐fuel particles on the granulation properties, flame front propagation in sintering, sinter indexes, sinter mineralogy, and pore structure. The experimental results show that when substituting coke with biomass char, the average size of the granules decreased whereas bed voidage increased due to the irregular shape and lower apparent density of granules. Pregranulation can reduce the flame front speed and increase the maximum bed temperature, thereby alleviating the deterioration of sinter quality and sinter yield. By pregranulating biomass char and 2% magnetite concentrate, the tumbler strength, sinter yield, and productivity can be increased from 44.9% to 55.0%, from 41.9% to 49.3%, and from 28.54 to 31.10 t/m2/d, respectively. The microscopic observation results show that substituting coke with biomass char for sintering decreased the content of calcium ferrite in sinter and increased sinter porosity. On the contrary, pregranulating increased calcium ferrite content in sinter and decreased sinter porosity, and thus sinter quality was improved.
Matching micro‐ and nano‐boron nitride hybrid fillers for high‐thermal conductive composites
Authors: Cai Xinzhi , Liu Yuqiao , Yang Tiantian , Dong Xuanzuo , Zhang Xinru , Jiang Zeyi , Chou Aihui , Gao Ting , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncorporating hybrid fillers into polymer has been considered as one of the effective ways to obtain composites with high‐thermal conductivities (TCs). Herein, we fabricated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites by using micro‐boron nitride nanosheets (mBNNs) and nano‐BNNs (nBNNs) as fillers, and studied the optimum ratios of mBNNs to nBNNs (i.e., mBNNs:nBNNs) for obtaining high‐thermal conductive composites at different filler's contents. The results indicated that for the composites with total BNNs contents of 10, 20, and 30 wt%, the optimum mBNNs:nBNNs for obtaining the highest TC were 9:1, 9:1, and 5:5, respectively. The highest TC of the composites with 30 wt% BNNs could reach 1.46 W·m−1·K−1, which was 356% higher than that of PTFE. The reasons for optimum mBNNs:nBNNs values were interpreted by observing the composite's microstructures. Moreover, the fabricated composites also exhibited excellent electrical insulation properties. This study has important implications for obtaining high‐thermal conductive composites using hybrid fillers.
The dissipation of toroidal magnetic fields and spin‐down evolution of young and strongly magnetized pulsars
Authors: Gao Zhi Fu , Shan Hao , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetars are a kind of pulsars powered mainly by superhigh magnetic fields. They are popular sources with many unsolved issues in themselves but are also linked to various high‐energy phenomena, such as quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs), giant flares, fast radio bursts, and superluminous supernovae. In this work, we first review our recent works on the dissipation of toroidal magnetic fields in magnetars and rotationally powered pulsars and then review the spin‐down evolution of young and strongly magnetized pulsars, especially of magnetars. We present an interesting and important relation between the magnetization parameter and magnetic field in the magnetar crust. Finally, we introduce our two works in progress: to explain the magnetar “antiglitch” events in the thermal plastic flow model and to revisit the expression of braking index n, which is independent of the second derivative of spin frequency of a pulsar, and give some proposals for our future work.
Autism: Screening of inborn errors of metabolism and unexpected results
Authors: İnci Aslı , Özaslan Ahmet , Okur İlyas , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Güney Esra , Ezgü Fatih Süheyl , Tümer Leyla , İşeri Elvan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the aim was to examine patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) who presented with only autism, without any other findings, to suggest any other neurological and genetic disorders. To investigate IEM, data of the hospital records of 247 patients who were referred from pediatric psychiatric to pediatric metabolism outpatient clinics due to further evaluation of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were examined. Among them, 237 patients were evaluated for IEM leading to ASDs. Organic acidemias, phenylketonuria, tetrahydrobiopterin and neutrotransmitter disorders, biotinidase deficiency, Smith–Lemni–Opitz syndrome, disorders of cerebral creatine metabolism, urea cycle defects, homocystinuria, purine‐pyrimidine metabolism disorders, mitochondrial disorders, cerebrotendinous xantomatosis, mucopolysaccaridosis, and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency were screened with complete blood counts, complete biochemical analyses, homocysteine levels, an arterial blood gase, and metabolic investigations. Six patients were diagnosed as follows: one with phenylketonuria (PKU), one with cerebral creatine deficiency, one with hypobetalipoproteinemia, one with glycogen storage disease type IX‐a, one with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, and one with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD). Forty‐six patients screened for IEM were from consanguineous families, among them, one was diagnosed with FKU and the other was with SSADHD. It would not be expected to find PKU in a 5‐year‐old patient as a result of newborn screening, but she could not been screened due to being a refugee. The diagnosed diseases were rare presentations of the diseases and furthermore, the diagnosis of hypobetalipoproteinemia and glycogen storage disease type IX‐a were surprising with the only presentation of ASDs.Lay SummaryIt is well‐known that some types of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) may present with that of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study suggests that in countries where consanguinity marriages are common such as Turkey and refugees whose escaped from neonatal screening are present, patients with ASD should be screened for IEMs. The results can surprise the physicians with a very rare cause of autism that has never been thought. Autism Res 2021, 14: 887–896. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Crystalline Co2V3O8@Amorphous Co−B Core‐Shell Nano‐Microsphere: Tunable Shell Layer Thickness, Faradaic Pseudocapacitive Mechanism, and Electrochemical Capacitor Applications
Authors: Hou Jing‐Feng , Gao Jian‐Fei , Kong Ling‐Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe interface engineering of highly efficient electrode materials is of dominant importance for enhancing the electrochemical performance of advanced energy storage devices. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a novel crystalline@amorphous core‐shell nanostructured with Co3V2O8 spherical particles as the cores and Co−B nanoflakes as the shells. The Co−B shell layer thickness could be tuned by changing the mass ratio of Co3V2O8 and B source. This unique structure shows intriguing synergistic properties with increased electroactive sites and also provides effective space and a short diffusion distance for faradaic reactions. The tunable amorphous layer facilitates the electrolyte diffusion while showing elastic behavior to alleviate the volume strain of Co3V2O8, and also provides a path for electron transport. The resulting Co3V2O8@Co−B under optimum conditions exhibits a high specific capacitance, remarkable rate performance, and outstanding cycling stability. Such an effective redox approach may shed substantial light on inspiring crystalline/amorphous contacts and their derivatives for energy storage and conversion devices.
Males can adjust offspring sex ratio in an adaptive fashion through different mechanisms
Authors: Douhard Mathieu , Geffroy Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex allocation research has primarily focused on offspring sex‐ratio adjustment by mothers. Yet, fathers also benefit from producing more of the sex with greater fitness returns. Here, we review the state‐of‐the art in the study of male‐driven sex allocation and, counter to the current paradigm, we propose that males can adaptively influence offspring sex ratio through a wide variety of mechanisms. This includes differential production and motility of X‐ versus Y‐bearing sperms in mammals, variation in seminal fluid composition in haplo‐diploid invertebrates, and epigenetic mechanisms in some fish and lizards exhibiting environmental sex determination. Conflicts of interest between mothers and fathers over offspring sex ratios can emerge, although many more studies are needed in this area. While many studies of sex allocation have focused on adaptive explanations with little attention to mechanisms, and vice versa, the integration of these two topics is essential for understanding male‐driven sex allocation.
Addressing the feasibility of the teacher performance rate and accuracy scale as a treatment integrity tool
Authors: Hranchuk Kieva S. , Williams Michael J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe implemented a delayed multiple probe across participants design to analyze the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) on teaching assistants' effective delivery of instruction as measured through their performance on the Teacher Performance Rate and Accuracy (TPRA) scale. Effective instruction is defined as instruction that is both accurate and fluent. Three adult teaching assistants, newly hired at a kindergarten readiness program that employed the principles of applied behavior analysis, were selected to participate. The participants had no previous experience implementing three‐term contingency trials. Dependent variables included two components of the TPRA scale measured pre‐ and post‐intervention: (1) percent of correctly delivered trials and (2) rate of trial delivery. The results indicated that BST increased the accurate delivery of correct three‐term contingency trials by teaching assistants as measured through TPRA scale observations. The intervention also successfully increased the teaching assistants' rate of trials delivered per minute.