bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dying From Or With SARS-CoV-2 – Prospective Postmortem Evaluation of 735 Consecutive Death Cases –
Authors: Fitzek Antonia , Schädler Julia , Dietz Eric , Ron Alexandra , Gerling Moritz , Kammal Anna Lena , Lohner Larissa , Falck Carla , Möbius Dustin , Goebels Hanna , Gerberding Anna Lina , Schröder Ann Sophie , Sperhake Jan-Peter , Klein Anke , Fröb Daniela , Mushumba Herbert , Wilmes Sandra , Anders Sven , Kniep Inga , Heinrich Fabian , Langenwalder Felicitas , Meißner Kira , Lange Philine , Zapf Antonia , Püschel Klaus , Heinemann Axel , Glatzel Markus , Matschke Jakob , Aepfelbacher Martin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Steurer Stefan , Torns Christoph , Edler Carolin , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic with significant mortality. Accurate information on the specific circumstances of death and whether patients died from or with SARS-CoV-2 is scarce.MethodsTo distinguish COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 deaths, we performed a systematic review of 735 SARS-CoV-2-associated deaths in Hamburg, Germany, from March to December 2020, using conventional autopsy, ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy, postmortem computed tomography and medical records. Statistical analyses including multiple logistic regression were used to compare both cohorts.Findings84.1% (n=618) were classified as COVID-19 deaths, 6.4% (n=47) as non-COVID-19 deaths, 9.5% (n=70) remained unclear. Median age of COVID-19 deaths was 83.0 years, 54.4% were male. In the autopsy group (n=283), the majority died of pneumonia and/or diffuse alveolar damage (73.6%; n=187). Thromboses were found in 39.2% (n=62/158 cases), pulmonary embolism in 22.1% (n=56/253 cases). In 2020, annual mortality in Hamburg was about 5.5% higher than in the previous 20 years, of which 3.4% (n=618) represented COVID-19 deaths.InterpretationOur study highlights the need for mortality surveillance and postmortem examinations. The vast majority of individuals who died directly from SARS-CoV-2 infection were of advanced age and had multiple comorbidities.
Mitochondria Tether to Focal Adhesions During Cell Migration and Regulate Their Size.
Authors: Daniel Redaet , Bilodeau Patricia , Mengeta Abebech , Yang Kimmy , Lee Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Focal Adhesions (FA) couple the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane integrin receptors. FA assembly and disassembly regulate cell migration by controlling substrate interaction and the generation of intracellular contractile forces. Here we show that FA interact with mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are now emerging as regulators of mammalian cell motility. We find that mitochondria infiltrate the leading edge of NIH3T3 fibroblasts during migration and tether to FA there. Importantly, we find that FA interacting with mitochondria are larger than those lacking mitochondrial interaction. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial ATP generation reduces FA size and artificial tethering of FA to mitochondria concomitantly increases their size. Taken together this suggests that mitochondrial interaction with FA is a functional part of cell migration and adhesion.
Characteristics analysis of Segmental and Regional Lumbar Spontaneous Compensation Post Selective Thoracic Fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhai Xiao , Zhou Tianjunke , Deng Yu , Chen Shaofeng , Yang Changwei , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1 and 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis BackgroundPreserving lumbar mobility in the compensation is significant in controlling pain and maintaining its functions. The spontaneous correction of the distal unfused lumbar curve after STF has been widely reported, but previous study has not concentrated on the characteristics of compensation of unfused lumbar region post selective thoracic fusion.MethodA total of 51 Lenke 1 and2 AIS patients were included, whose lowest instrumented vertebrae was L1 from January 2013 to December 2019. For further analysis, demographic data and coronal radiographic films were collected before surgery, at immediate erect postoperatively and final follow-up. The wedge angles of each unfused distal lumbar segments were measured, and the variations in each disc segment were calculated at the immediate postoperative review and final follow-up. Meanwhile, the unfused lumbar curve was divided into upper and lower parts, and calculated their curve angles and compensations.ResultsThe current study enrolled 41 females (80.4%) and 10 males (19.6%). 36 patients were Lenke type 1, while 15 patients were Lenke type 2. The average main thoracic Cobb angle and thoracolumbar/lumbar Cobb angle were 44.1±7.7°and 24.1±9.3°, preoperatively. At the final follow-up, the disc wedge angle variation of L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was 3.84±5.96°, 3.09±4.54°, 2.30±4.53°, -0.12±3.89° and -1.36±2.80°, respectively. The compensation of upper and lower coronal lumbar curves at final follow-up were 9.22±10.39° and -1.49±5.14°, respectively.ConclusionWhen choosing L1 as the lowest instrumented vertebrae, the distal unfused lumbar segments' compensation showed a decreasing trend from the proximal end to the distal end. The adjacent L1/2 and L2/3 discs significantly contributed to this compensation.
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Extremity and Trunk: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 166 Cases in a Large Institution
Authors: Zhang Shuguang , Zhang Xinxin , Zhao Zhenguo , Xu Libin , Xu Songfeng , Liu Ting , Yu Shengji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background：An imperative need for better management strategies to improve the survival in patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS). Methods: The retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 166 UPS patients, who have undergone surgical treatment in our hospital, was carried out from January 2005 to January 2018. Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were employed to identify the relevant factors affecting the rate of local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS) via univariate and multivariate analysis. The P-values > 0.05 were found to be statistically considerable. Results: At the end of follow-up, the rate of LR, DM and OS in 166 UPS patients was 22.9% (38/166), 32.5%（54/166）and 75.3% (125/166) with a median follow-up time of 55 months. The existing study reveals that the UPS in trunk and R1/R2 resection margin are the prognostic markers of poor survival rate. Women are more susceptible to LR, and R1/R2 resection margin is significantly correlated with a high rate of LR. Old Patients (> 60 years), the UPS in trunk and R1/R2 resection margin are susceptible to DM. Conclusion: R0 resection margin was an only independent favorable prognostic factor, which was correlated with LRFS, DMFS, and OS.
Effects on Plant Hormone levels at Different Growth Stages in Diverse Grape Organs with Root Restriction
Authors: Li Jiajia , Li Dongmei , Liu Boyang , Wang Ruiqi , Yan Yixuan , Li Guanhan , Wang Lei , Ma Chao , Xu Wenping , Zhao Liping , Li Xiangyi , Wang Shiping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Endogenous plant hormones play important roles in germination, blossom, senescence, abscission of plants by a series of signal transduction and molecular regulation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) cultivation on plant hormones variation tendency at different growth stages in diverse organs or tissues, ‘Muscat Hamburg’ (Vitis ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ × Vitis ‘Trollinger’) grapevine was used as test material. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify hormone levels, aiming to investigate the influence of root restriction on the formation and transportation of plant hormones. The results revealed that RR treatment increased abscisic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin riboside, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-adenine nucleoside concentrations, while reduced auxin, 3-indolepropionic acid, 3-indolebutyric acid, gibberellin A3, zeatin, N6-(delta 2-Isopentenyl)-adenine, kinetin, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate concentrations. To sum up, our results suggested that RR treatment could initiate stress responses via up-regulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents while down-regulating auxin and kinetin contents, resulting in the changes of fruit appearance and improvement of berry quality.
Animal Brucellosis: Seroprevalence, Isolation and Molecular Detection in Southern and Central Ethiopia
Authors: Senbeta Bayeta , Jorga Edilu , Lakew Matios , Olani Abebe , Tadesse Biniam , Tuli Getachew , Belaineh Redeat , Abera Shubisa , Kinfe Getachew , Gebre Solomon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequent contagious neglected bacterial diseases with serious veterinary and public health importance throughout the world. A cross-sectional study on animal brucellosis was conducted from October 2018 to July 2019 in southern and central Ethiopia with the objective of estimating seroprevalence and molecular detection. Blood samples were collected for serum extraction from a total of 4274 individual animals (cattle, small ruminants and camel) from 241 herds/flocks. Blood clots from seropositive animals were also tested for brucellosis via molecular techniques. Additionally, 13 vaginal swab samples were collected from animals with recent abortion history for bacterial isolation and molecular detection.Results: The extracted serum samples were tested using multispecies I-ELISA and the overall individual animal and herd level seroprevalence was 3.95% (169/4274) and 18.26% (44/241) respectively. The animal level seroprevalence at species level was 1.58%, 8.89%, 12.44% in bovine, small ruminants (sheep and goat) and camel, respectively. Herd level seroprevalence were 5.43%, 52.08%, 100% in bovine, small ruminant and camel, respectively. The animal and herd level seroprevalence of bovine from intensive and extensive systems was 1.1%, 2.87% and 9.2%, 50.00% respectively. Brucella species was isolated from 6/13 (46.15%) vaginal swab samples cultured on brucella selective agar, and shown to be B.melitensis using Real-Time PCR. All of the blood clots from seropositive animals were negative for the presence of Brucellaspp with PCR.Conclusions: In the regions sampled animals in all three categories – cattle, sheep/goats, and camels – mostly had low seroprevalence rates for brucellosis, without great differences from previous serosurveys done in Ethiopia. However, seropositivity for camels was higher than what has been reported previously. Also, there was a notable difference in this study in cattle seroprevalence when comparing extensive with intensive systems, with the extensive system being much higher.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Gashaw Fikru , Zewde Aboma , Tedla Endalkachew , Wondale Biniam , Mekonnen Yalemtsehay , Erko Berhanu , Ameni Gobena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health threat causing the highest morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. However, there is shortage of information on the species and strains of mycobacteria that cause TB in Ethiopia. The objective of this study is to investigate the diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) isolated from TB patients in northeastern Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 384 smear positive pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB cases were recruited on the basis of clinical examination and ZiehlNeelsen staining for further investigation. Mycobacterial culturing, region of difference (RD) 9-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing were used for the identification the species and strains. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the expression of the results while proportions were compared using c2 test. Statistical significance was considered when p<0.05.Results: Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 74.5% (286/384). The disease proportion was highest in age group of 18–37 years. Culture positivity was confirmed only in 29.2% (112/384). Speciation of the culture positive isolates using RD9 indicated that 77.7% (87/112) were M. tuberculosis. Further identification of the isolates using spoligotyping indicated 92.9% (104/112) interpretable spoligotyping patterns of which 20.2% (21/104) were grouped under 10 clustered patterns. Further grouping of the spoligotypes indicated that 86.5% (90/104) of the isolates as orphan types. Grouping of the isolates into the major lineages showed 52.9%, 27.9% and 19.2% of the isolates as Euroamerican, Indio-oceanic and East African Indian lineages, respectively. Typing of 69 isolates using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR typing gave interpretable results for 56 isolates each of them having distinct MIRU-VNTR profile and were considered as 56 different genotypes (strains).Conclusion: M. tuberculosis was identified as the main cause of TB in northeastern Ethiopia and its strains were highly diversified.
Marine Fungal Metabolite Butyrolactone I Prevents Cognitive Deficits and Inflammation Evoked by AlCl3 in zebrafish
Authors: Nie Yingying , Yang Jingming , Liang Jinyue , Yang Zhiyou , Zhou Longjian , Liu Yayue , Ma Xiaoxiang , Qian Zhongji , Hong Pengzhi , Kalueff Allan V , Song Cai , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMounting evidences indicate that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are related to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Butyrolactone I (BTL-I), a marine fungal metabolite, was previously reported as an in-vitro neuroprotectant and inflammation inhibitor. However, little is known about its in-vivo effects. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) could be used as a convenient model in evaluation of toxicology and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. MethodsHere, we employ the in-vivo and in-silico methods to investigate the anti-NDs potential of BTL-I. Specifically, we established cognitive deficits model in zebrafish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of AlCl3 (21 μg), and assessed their behaviors in the T-maze test. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glutathione (GSH) levels were assayed 24 h after the AlCl3 injection. The intestinal flora of the zebrafish were investigated by 16 S rDNA high-throughput analysis. A marine fungal metabolite, butyrolactone I (BTL-I) was used to modulate zebrafish cognitive deficits evoked by AlCl3. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness properties of BTL-I were studied by in-silico tool of ADMETlab.ResultsBTL-I dose-dependently ameliorated AlCl3-induced cognitive deficits in zebrafish. While, AlCl3 treatment elevated the levels of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, increased AChE activity, and lowered GSH in the brain of zebrafish, these effects except GSH reducing were reversed by 25–100 mg/kg BTL-I administration. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing of intestinal flora of zebrafish showed that AlCl3 decreased Gram-positive bacteria and increased proinflammatory Gram-negative bacterial while BTL-I contributed to maintain the predominance of beneficial Gram-positive bacteria. The in-silico analysis indicated that BTL-I exhibits acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET profiles.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest BTL-I as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing CNS deficits caused by inflammation, neurotoxicity, and gut flora imbalance.
A Study on Pregenomic RNA and Factors Related to Hepatitis B Virus Infection Based on Real World
Authors: Yan HaoZhen , Peng Ting-Ting , Guo Xu-Guang , Yang Li-Li , Liu Chong-Wen , Huang Zhi-Hao , Ouyang Shi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical significance and influencing factors of pgRNA based on real world.Methods: A total of 421 patients who were tested for pgRNA were selected. According to the baseline data, the subjects were divided into negative and positive group. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of pgRNA status. Based on the follow-up data, rank sum test and linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of pgRNA change magnitude.Results: 153 (36.3%) of the 421 subjects were pgRNA negative and 268 (63.7%) were pgRNA positive. Logistic regression analysis showed that positive HBV DNA (OR: 40.51), positive HBeAg (OR: 66.24), tenofovir treatment (OR: 23.47) and entecavir treatment (OR: 14.90) were independent risk factors for positive pgRNA. Univariate linear regression showed that pgRNA change magnitude of patients treated with entecavir was higher than that of patients treated with tenofovir. Multivariate linear regression showed that age was an independent factor influencing pgRNA change magnitude.Conclusions: The pgRNA of patients who were young, female, HBV DNA-positive, high-HBsAg, HBeAg-positive is higher than the detection line. HBV DNA, HBeAg are independent risk factors for positive pgRNA. Different antiviral regimens have significantly different effects on pgRNA status. There was a significant correlation between pgRNA and FIB-4, suggesting that pgRNA is related to liver fibrosis. The decrease in pgRNA was greater in young patients than in non-young patients. The decrease in pgRNA was greater in patients treated with tenofovir than in patients treated with entecavir.
Identification and Validation of Novel Endogenous Controls for qPCR Normalization in SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Jain Nityanand , Mitre Ingrida , Nitisa Dina , Pirsko Valdis , Cakstina Inese 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Normalization of gene expression using internal controls or reference genes (RGs) has been the method of choice for overcoming and standardizing the technical variations in reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR). Conventionally, ACTB and GAPDH have been used as reference genes despite evidence from literature discouraging their use, especially as single internal controls. Hence, it becomes crucial to identify suitable controls. In the present study we identified and investigated novel reference genes in SK-BR-3, an HER2-enriched breast cancer cell line. To identify novel candidate reference genes, we compiled and analyzed transcriptomic data from 82 HER2-E breast cancer samples from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Twelve genes with relatively stable expression were selected for further analysis. Additionally, 13 RGs from literature were selected for analysis. The expression variations of the candidate genes in SK-BR-3 were studied over five successive passages (p) in two parallel cultures S1 and S2 and in acute and chronic hypoxia using various algorithms. Finally, the most stable RGs were selected and validated for normalization of the expression of three genes of interest (GOIs) in normoxia and hypoxia using Pfaffl’s method.Results: HSP90AB1, DAD1, PFN1, RPL13A and PUM1 were the top five most stable RGs in the SK-BR-3 cell line. However, upon normalization of the GOIs, RPL13A was not a suitable RG candidate. Although geNorm suggests use of two reference genes, as a good practice, we investigated the reference genes in triplets. Accordingly, after normalization of GOIs in hypoxia, we found that the remaining four genes when used in triplets (in any combination) successfully normalized the experimental variations in RT-qPCR experiments.Conclusions: HSP90AB1, DAD1, PFN1 and PUM1 can be used in any combination of three (triplets) for optimizing intra- and inter-assay gene expression differences in the SK-BR-3 cell line. Additionally, we discourage use of conventional RGs (ACTB, GAPDH, RPL13A, RNA18S and RNA28S) as internal controls for RT-qPCR in SK-BR-3 cell line.
Immediately Restored Fixed Full-arch Prosthesis on Implants Placed in Both Fresh and Healed Sockets by Means of Flat-one-bridge Technique. A 7-year Retrospective Study. Running Head: Prosthetic Passivation of Implants in Full-arch Bridges
Authors: Giammarinaro Enrica , Marconcini Simone , Covani Ugo , Mascolo Andrea , corso Marco Del , Caso Guerino 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Aim of this retrospective study was to document the long-term clinical efficacy of a surgical-prosthetic technique (Flat-one-Bridge) involving immediate restoration of both post-extractive and non-post-extractive implants supporting full-arch restorations. Methods: Implants were placed adapting the axis to the available bone. Flat definitive abutments were connected at surgery and never disconnected in order to compensate for eventual implants dis-parallelism. Bone grafting was performed when needed. Patients received a screw-retained provisional restoration within 48 hours of surgery and a final screw-retained prosthesis within one year. Results: Sixty-six patients received 494 implants distributed in 75 prosthesis. The median follow-up was 86 months (range 82-168 months). Only three implants failed at the last follow-up. Implant survival was 99.6%. Conclusion: The Flat-one-Bridge prosthetic protocol is a viable procedure with excellent long-term outcomes. No difference could be observed between post-extractive and non post-extractive implants in terms of clinical success.
Association between Greenness Structures and Frailty in an Elderly Prospective Longitudinal Cohort in China
Authors: He Qile , Chang Hao-Ting , Wu Chih-da , Ji John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Frailty is the accumulation of aging-induced deficits, leading to vulnerability and death. There is evidence of negative associations between greenspaces measured with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and frailty. However, NDVI is not as informative as greenness structure indices which reflect characters such as shape and connectivity. We aim to study the association between greenness structures and frailty in an elderly Chinese cohort. Methods: We included older adults from 2008-2014 waves of the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used greenspace indices from satellite to quantify greenspace structures at county-level: area-edge, shape, and proximity, and calculated frailty index (FI) as a health outcome. We did cross-sectional analyses using linear regression and logistical regression, and longitudinal analyses using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). All models were adjusted for covariates. Results: Among 8,776 participants at baseline, the mean LPI, SHAPE, COHESION, and FI were 7.93, 8.11, 97.6, and 0.17. The correlation between NDVI and greenness structure was unnoticeable. In cross-sectional analyses, we found negative consistent dose-response relationships for greenspace structures and frailty, especially in females, city residents, people without a spouse, and with deteriorated frailty. Compared to participants living in the lowest quartile of greenness structure, those in the highest quartile of LPI, SHAPE, and COHESION had 32%, 44%, and 37% lower odds of frailty. However, we did not find a significant association in longitudinal analyses due to higher mortality rate and FI of participants without follow-up surveys.Conclusions: The larger value of area-edge, shape, and proximity is related to a lower likelihood of frailty. Assessing complex shapes and connecting fragmentary greenspaces are informative to public health through city planning.