bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hopeful monsters: unintended sequencing of famously malformed mite mitochondrial tRNAs reveals widespread expression and processing of sense–antisense pairs
Authors: Warren Jessica M , Sloan Daniel B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough tRNA structure is one of the most conserved and recognizable shapes in molecular biology, aberrant tRNAs are frequently found in the mitochondrial genomes of metazoans. The extremely degenerate structures of several mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) have led to doubts about their expression and function. Mites from the arachnid superorder Acariformes are predicted to have some of the shortest mt-tRNAs, with a complete loss of cloverleaf-like shape. While performing mitochondrial isolations and recently developed tRNA-seq methods in plant tissue, we inadvertently sequenced the mt-tRNAs from a common plant pest, the acariform mite Tetranychus urticae, to a high enough coverage to detect all previously annotated T. urticae tRNA regions. The results not only confirm expression, CCA-tailing and post-transcriptional base modification of these highly divergent tRNAs, but also revealed paired sense and antisense expression of multiple T. urticae mt-tRNAs. Mirrored expression of mt-tRNA genes has been hypothesized but not previously demonstrated to be common in any system. We discuss the functional roles that these divergent tRNAs could have as both decoding molecules in translation and processing signals in transcript maturation pathways, as well as how sense–antisense pairs add another dimension to the bizarre tRNA biology of mitochondrial genomes.
Association of blood pressure with cardiovascular outcome and mortality: results from the KNOW-CKD study
Authors: Lee Jee Young , Park Jung Tak , Joo Young Su , Lee Changhyun , Yun Hae-Ryong , Chang Tae Ik , Kim Yeong-Hoon , Chung WooKyung , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kang Shin-Wook , Park Sue K , Chae Dong Wan , Oh Kook-Hwan , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is a major therapeutic strategy to reduce adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs) and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied the association of BP with adverse cardiovascular outcome and all-cause death in patients with CKD.

Methods
Among 2238 participants from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With CKD (KNOW-CKD), 2226 patients with baseline BP measurements were enrolled. The main predictor was systolic BP (SBP) categorized by five levels: &lt;110, 110–119, 120–129, 130–139 and ≥140 mmHg. The primary endpoint was a composite outcome of all-cause death or incident CVEs. We primarily used marginal structural models (MSMs) using averaged and the most recent time-updated SBPs.

Results
During the follow-up of 10 233.79 person-years (median 4.60 years), the primary composite outcome occurred in 240 (10.8%) participants, with a corresponding incidence rate of 23.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.7–26.6]/1000 patient-years. MSMs with averaged SBP showed a U-shaped relationship with the primary outcome. Compared with time-updated SBP of 110–119 mmHg, hazard ratios (95% CI) for &lt;110, 120–129, 130–139 and ≥140 mmHg were 2.47 (1.48–4.11), 1.29 (0.80–2.08), 2.15 (1.26–3.69) and 2.19 (1.19–4.01), respectively. MSMs with the most recent SBP also showed similar findings.

Conclusions
In Korean patients with CKD, there was a U-shaped association of SBP with the risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of BP control and suggest a potential hazard of SBP &lt;110 mmHg.
Why super sandstorm 2021 in North China?
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Wan Yu , Zhang Yijia , Wang Huijun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Severe sandstorms reoccurred in the spring of 2021 after an absence for more than 10 years in North China. The dust source area, located in Mongolia, suffered destructive cooling and warming in early and late winter, which loosened the land. A lack of precipitation, excessive snow melt and strong evaporation resulted in dry soil and exiguous spring vegetation. A super-strong Mongolian cyclone developed on the bare and loose ground, and easily blew and transported large amounts of sand particles into North China. Furthermore, top-ranking anomalies (sea ice shift in the Barents and Kara Sea, and sea surface temperatures in the east Pacific and northwest Atlantic) were found to induce the aforementioned tremendous climate anomalies in the dust source area. Analyses, based on large-ensemble Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, yield results identical to the reanalysis data. Thus, the climate variabilities at different latitudes and synoptic disturbances jointly facilitated the strongest spring sandstorm over the last decade.
Direct H-He chemical association in superionic FeO2H2He at deep-Earth conditions
Authors: Zhang Jurong , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Hydrogen and helium are known to play crucial roles in geological and astrophysical environments; however, they are inert toward each other across wide pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. Given their prominent presence and influence on the formation and evolution of celestial bodies, it is of fundamental interest to explore the nature of interactions between hydrogen and helium. Using an advanced crystal structure search method, we have identified a quaternary compound FeO2H2He stabilized in a wide range of P-T conditions. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further reveal a novel superionic state of FeO2H2He hosting liquid-like diffusive hydrogen in the FeO2He sublattice, creating a conducive environment for H-He chemical association, at P-T conditions corresponding to the Earth's lowest mantle regions. To our surprise, this chemically facilitated coalescence of otherwise immiscible molecular species highlights a promising avenue for exploring this long-sought but hitherto unattainable state of matter. This finding raises strong prospects for exotic H-He mixtures inside Earth and possibly also in other astronomical bodies.
Elucidating Drivers for Variations in the Explosive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among People Who Inject Drugs in Pakistan
Authors: Lim Aaron G , Trickey Adam , Thompson Laura H , Emmanuel Faran , Reza Tahira E , Reynolds Rosy , Cholette François , Melesse Dessalegn Y , Archibald Chris , Sandstrom Paul , Blanchard James F , Vickerman Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Pakistan’s explosive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) varies widely across cities. We evaluated possible drivers for these variations.

Methods
Multivariable regression analyses were undertaken using data from 5 national surveys among PWID (n = 18 467; 2005–2017) to determine risk factors associated with variations in city-level HIV prevalence. A dynamic HIV model was used to estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF; proportion of HIV infections prevented over 10 years when that risk factor is removed) of these risk factors to HIV transmission and impact on HIV incidence of reducing their prevalence.

Results
Regression analyses suggested that city-level HIV prevalence is strongly associated with the prevalence of using professional injectors at last injection, heroin use in last month, and injecting ≥4 times per day. Through calibrating a model to these associations, we estimate that the 10-year PAFs of using professional injectors, heroin use, and frequent injecting are 45.3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4.3%–79.7%), 45.9% (95% UI, 8.1%–78.4%), and 22.2% (95% UI, 2.0%–58.4%), respectively. Reducing to lowest city-level prevalences of using professional injectors (2.8%; median 89.9% reduction), heroin use (0.9%; median 91.2% reduction), and frequent injecting (0.1%; median 91.8% reduction) in 2020 reduces overall HIV incidence by 52.7% (95% UI, 6.1%–82.0%), 53.0% (95% UI, 11.3%–80.2%), and 28.1% (95% UI, 2.7%–66.6%), respectively, over 10 years.

Conclusions
Interventions should focus on these risk factors to control Pakistan’s explosive HIV epidemic among PWID, including a concomitant expansion of high-coverage needle/syringe provision, opioid substitution therapy, and antiretroviral therapy.
Double-edged effects caused by magnesium ions and alkaline environment regulate bioactivities of magnesium-incorporated silicocarnotite in vitro
Authors: Wu Qiang , Xu Shunxiang , Wang Fei , He Bo , Wang Xin , Sun Ye , Ning Congqin , Dai Kerong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an important element for its enhanced osteogenic and angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo, however, the inherent alkalinity is the adverse factor that needs further attention. In order to study the role of alkalinity in regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, magnesium-silicocarnotite [Mg-Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, Mg-CPS] was designed and fabricated. In this study, Mg-CPS showed better osteogenic and angiogenic properties than CPS within 10 wt.% magnesium oxide (MgO), since the adversity of alkaline condition was covered by the benefits of improved Mg ion concentrations through activating Smad2/3-Runx2 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Besides, provided that MgO was incorporated with 15 wt.% in CPS, the bioactivities had declined due to the environment consisting of higher-concentrated Mg ions, stronger alkalinity and lower Ca/P/Si ions caused. According to the results, it indicated that bioactivities of Mg-CPS in vitro were regulated by the double-edged effects, which were the consequence of Mg ions and alkaline environment combined. Therefore, if MgO is properly incorporated in CPS, the improved bioactivities could cover alkaline adversity, making Mg-CPS bioceramics promising in orthopedic clinical application for its enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro.
Diet quality and exercise in older veterans with PTSD: a pilot study
Authors: Browne Julia , Morey Miriam C , Beckham Jean C , Bosworth Hayden B , Porter Starr Kathryn N , Bales Connie W , McDermott Jessica , Sloane Richard , Gregg Jeffrey J , Hall Katherine S 
Published: September 2021

Lay Summary
Older veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at risk for several physical health conditions that reduce their quality of life. Physical activity and healthy eating are important behaviors for promoting good health and physical function in later life. The purpose of this study was to examine the diet quality of older veterans with PTSD and explore whether a program designed to increase exercise also improved diet. Diet quality was measured with a self-report survey, the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ), which measures daily intake of fiber, calcium, added sugar, whole grain, dairy, and fruits/vegetables/legumes. Study participants were 54 military veterans age 60 years and older with PTSD who participated in a randomized controlled pilot trial comparing 12 weeks of supervised exercise to wait-list usual care. The DSQ was administered at baseline and 12 weeks post intervention. Results show that older veterans with PTSD have overall poor diet quality that included consuming too much added sugar and not enough whole grains, fruits/vegetables/legumes, fiber, calcium, and dairy. Participation in the supervised exercise did not lead to simultaneous diet quality changes over 12 weeks. This study shows that diet quality is poor in older veterans with PTSD and future programs are needed to target this health behavior.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in low ejection fraction: state of the art
Authors: Robinson N. Bryce , Audisio Katia , Bakaeen Faisal G. , Gaudino Mario 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
As the number of patients with reduced ejection fraction secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) increases, coronary artery bypass grafting is being used with increasing frequency. In this review, we summarize the different operative considerations in this vulnerable patient population.

Recent findings
Preoperative optimization with mechanical circulatory support devices, especially in the setting of hemodynamic instability, can reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. The advantage of advanced techniques, such as off-pump CABG and multiple arterial grafting remains unclear. Concomitant procedures, such as ablation for atrial fibrillation remain important considerations that should be tailored to the individual patients risk profile.

Summary
Despite improvements in perioperative care of patients undergoing CABG, patients with a reduced ejection fraction remain at elevated risk of major morbidity and mortality. Preoperative optimization and careful selection of intraoperative techniques can lead to improved outcomes.
The Health of Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans Over Time
Authors: Dursa Erin K. , Cao Guichan , Porter Ben , Culpepper William J. , Schneiderman Aaron I. 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported physical and mental health over the course over 19 years of follow up of a population-based cohort of Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans.

Methods:
A multi-modal health survey of 6338 Gulf War and Gulf Era veterans who participated in all three waves of the longitudinal study.

Results:
Gulf War and Gulf War Era veterans experienced an increase in prevalence of chronic disease over time. The adjusted odds ratios suggest that Gulf War veterans not only had significantly higher odds of reporting medical conditions, but also began to report them earlier.

Conclusions:
The findings from this analysis suggest that Gulf War veterans are not only more likely than their non-deployed counterparts to report chronic disease, they were more likely to report it earlier.
Value of shear wave elastography combined with the Toronto clinical scoring system in diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wang Fei , Zheng Miao , Hu Ji , Fang Chen , Chen Tong , Wang Meng , Zhang Honghong , Zhu Yunyan , Song Xin , Ma Qi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic values of shear wave elastography (SWE) alone and in combination with the Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
The study included 41 DPN patients, 42 non-DPN patients, and 21 healthy volunteers. Conventional ultrasonography and SWE were performed on the 2 sides of the tibial nerves, and cross-sectional area (CSA) and nerve stiffness were measured. TCSS was applied to all patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed.
The stiffness of the tibial nerve, as measured as mean, minimum or maximum elasticity, was significantly higher in patients in the DPN group than the other groups (P < .05). The tibial nerve of subjects in the non-DPN group was significantly stiffer compared to the control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference of the tibial nerve CSA among the 3 groups (P > .05). Mean elasticity of the tibial nerve with a cutoff of 71.3 kPa was the most sensitive (68.3%) and had a higher area under the curve (0.712; 0.602–0.806) among the 3 shear elasticity indices for diagnosing DPN when used alone. When combining SWE with TCSS in diagnosing DPN, the most effective parameter was the EMax, which yielded a sensitivity of 100.00% and a specificity of 95.24%.
SWE is a better diagnostic tool for DPN than the conventional ultrasonic parameter CSA, and a higher diagnostic value is attained when combining SWE with TCSS.
Frosted Branch Angiitis Associated With Cytomegalovirus in a Pediatric Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kacar Marija , Cacciotti Chantel , Shen Carl , Fulford Martha , Lysecki Dave , Fleming Adam 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Frosted branch angiitis (FBA) is a rare phenomenon of panuveitis which may occur secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) causing acute visual disturbances. CMV infection is a known complication in allogenic stem cell transplant (SCT) patients but is uncommon following autologous SCT.

Observation:
We describe a 17-month-old medulloblastoma patient with sudden onset visual impairment following second autologous SCT. The patient was CMV seropositive, polymerase chain reaction negative before second SCT. At the time of presentation with visual complaints, the patient was diagnosed with FBA associated with CMV reactivation. Treatment included antivirals and immunosuppressive medication with visual recovery.

Conclusion:
FBA induced by CMV should be considered as a differential diagnosis in pediatric patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant with rapidly progressive visual impairment.
Knowledge, Behaviors, and Perceptions of Risk of COVID-19 Among Brazilian Nursing Students
Authors: Reis Renata Karina , Menegueti Mayra Gonçalves , Malaguti-Toffano Silmara Elaine , Milanês Sousa Laelson Rochelle , de Oliveira e Silva Ana Cristina , Gir Elucir 
Published: September 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic presented important challenges for the education of nursing students to provide health care with competence, quality, and safety.

Objectives
The purpose was to analyze knowledge, behavior, and perception of risk regarding COVID-19 and associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2637 Brazilian undergraduate nursing students using a self-reported online survey.

Results
Students' knowledge about COVID-19 in general was considered inadequate. Students had limited knowledge about preventive measures in the hospital environment and recommendations for aerosol precautions. More than 90% of graduates adopted recommended prevention measures, and 86.1% perceived themselves to be at a greater risk of acquired SARS-CoV-2 during clinical practice.

Conclusions
The results show the need to rethink undergraduate nursing education regarding the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including the most appropriate strategies for COVID-19 prevention measures.
Systematic Review of Motor Function Scales and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Wu Jennifer W. , Pepler Laura , Maturi Bridget , Afonso Alexandria C. F. , Sarmiento Janice , Haldenby Renee 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a heterogeneous disease that results in loss of motor function. In an evolving treatment landscape, establishing the suitability and limitations of existing motor function scales and patient-reported outcomes used to monitor patients with this disease is important. A systematic review was conducted to examine utility of motor function scales and patient-reported outcomes in evaluating patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Published literature was reviewed up to June 2021 with no start date restriction. Of the reports screened, 122 were deemed appropriate for inclusion and are discussed in this review (including 24 validation studies for motor function scales or patient-reported outcomes). Fifteen motor function scales and patient-reported outcomes were identified to be commonly used (≥5 studies), of which 11 had available validation assessments. Each instrument has its strengths and limitations. It is imperative that the patient population (e.g., age, mobility), goals of treatment, and outcomes or endpoints of interest be considered when selecting the appropriate motor function scales and patient-reported outcomes for clinical studies.
The Impact of Primary Progressive Aphasia on Picture Naming and General Language Ability
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Messinis Lambros , Kosmidis Mary H. , Nasios Grigorios , Mentis Alexios-Fotios A. , Siokas Vasileios , Aloizou Athina-Maria , Kotrotsios Anastasios , Andreou Maria , Dardiotis Efthimios 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by progressive deterioration of language while other cognitive domains remain relatively intact. The extent to which print exposure and cortical volume atrophy jointly influence picture naming and general language ability in individuals with PPA remains underexplored.

Objective:
To investigate the language performance of individuals with the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and to explore the impact of print exposure and cortical volume atrophy on their language ability.

Method:
We compared 14 Greek individuals with nfvPPA and similar age, education, disease duration, and cognitive ability with age-, gender- and education-matched Greek controls on picture naming and on language tasks of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination—Short Form, including oral word reading, word and sentence repetition, complex ideational material, and reading comprehension. The effects of print exposure and left-hemisphere cortical volume on the individuals’ language performance were estimated through stepwise regression models.

Results:
The language performance of the individuals with nfvPPA was affected by print exposure and cortical volume atrophy. Picture naming and word reading were affected by print exposure. The highest contributions of cortical volume atrophy were found for the repetition, complex ideational material, and reading comprehension tasks.

Conclusion:
Print exposure and cortical volume atrophy may help explain variability in the language performance of nfvPPA individuals with similar age, education, disease duration, and cognitive ability.
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Related Factors in Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Kir Seher , Kirhan İdris , Dilek Melda 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The quality of life of individuals undergoing hemodialysis is related to many factors, including sleep disorders.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in individuals undergoing hemodialysis and to assess the effect of clinical and biochemical parameters on their sleep quality.

Method:
We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey in multiple hemodialysis centers. Individuals were interviewed using a questionnaire for obtaining general personal information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Results:
The study included 338 individuals with a median age of 55 years. Poor sleep quality (PSQ) and EDS were present in 41.4% and 6.5% of the individuals, respectively. The individuals’ PSQI scores were significantly proportional to their ESS scores. Concerns about the disease and its treatment (60.7%) and poor physical conditions (35.7%) were major reported reasons for PSQ. In a logistic regression analysis, female gender, household income, ESS score, chronic heart failure, and creatinine and parathormone levels were found to be independent predictors of PSQ; household income, PSQ presence, parathormone and potassium levels, and urea reduction ratio were found to be independent predictors of EDS.

Conclusion:
Sleep disorders are common in individuals undergoing hemodialysis and are related to gender, comorbid diseases, poor economic state, altered biochemical values, dialysis timing, and concerns about the disease and its treatment. Improving these individuals’ quality of life through adequate psychological and financial support and early diagnosis of sleep disorders should decrease their mortality and morbidity rates.