bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Birth, Management, Complications
Authors: Tsikouras Panagiotis , Bothou Anastasia , Gerede Aggeliki , Apostolou Ifigenia , Gaitatzi Fotini , Deuteraiou Dorelia , Chalkidou Anna , Anthoulaki Xanthoula , Michalopoulos Spyridon , Dragoutsos Georgios , Tsirkas Ioannis , Babageorgaka Irini , Nalbanti Theopi , Sachnova Natalia , Alexiou Alexios , Nikolettos Constantinos , Lazarou Apostolos , Zervoudis Stefanos , Peitsidis Panagiotis , Nikolettos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2021

In recent years an increase in premature births (PB) rate has been noticed, as this pregnancy complication that still remain an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, is multifactorial and prediction is not easy in many cases. There are many bibliographic data supporting the view that PB have also genetic predisposition. The trend of “recurrence” of PB in women as well as its increased frequency in ethnic groups suggests its association with genetic factors, either as such or as an interaction of genes and environment. Immunomodulatory molecules and receptors as well as polymorphisms of various genes and/or single nucleotides (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) now allow with advanced methods of Molecular Biology the identification of genes and proteins involved in the pathophysiology of PB. From the history of a pregnant woman, the main prognostic factor is a previous history of prematurity, while an ultrasound assessment of the cervix between 18 and 24 weeks is suggested, both in the developed and the developing world. According to the latest data, an effective method of successful prevention of premature birth has not been found. The main interventions suggested for the prevention of premature birth are the cervical cerclage, the use of cervical pessary, the use of progesterone orally, subcutaneously or transvaginally, and for treatment administration of tocolytic medication as an attempt to inhibit childbirth for at least 48 hours to make corticosteroids more effective. Despite the positive results in reducing mortality and morbidity of premature infants, the need for more research in the field of prevention, investigation of the genital code and the mechanism of initiation of preterm birth is important.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Origin, Impact, and Drug Development
Authors: Mishra Amaresh , Nair Nisha , K. Yadav Amit , Solanki Pratima , Majeed Jaseela , Tripathi Vishwas 
Published: June 2021

At the end of December 2019, in Wuhan, China, a rapidly spreading unknown virus was reported to have caused coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Origin linked to Wuhan’s wholesale food market where live animals are sold. This disease is caused by SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is closely related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This virus shares a high sequence identity with bat-derived SARS-like Coronavirus, which indicating its zoonotic origin. The virus spread globally, provoking widespread attention and panic. This Coronavirus is highly pathogenic and causes mild to severe respiratory disorders. Later, it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its highly infectious nature and worldwide mortality rate. This virus is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, and its genome length about 26 to 32 kb that infects a broad range of vertebrates. The researchers worldwide focus on establishing treatment strategies on drug and vaccine development to prevent this COVID-19 pandemic. A drug repurposing approach has been used to identify a rapid treatment for the people affected by COVID-19, which could be cost-effective and bypass some Food and Drug Association (FDA) regulations to move quickly in phase-3 trials. However, there is no promising therapeutic option available yet. This book chapter addresses current information about the COVID-19 disease, including its origins, impacts, and the novel potential drug candidates that can help treat the COVID-19.
Hot Seat Diagnosis
Authors: Han Rachel , Keith Julia , Slodkowska Elzbieta , Nofech-Mozes Sharon , Djordjevic Bojana , Parra-Herran Carlos , Shachar Sade , Mirkovic Jelena , Sherman Christopher , Hsieh Eugene , Ismiil Nadia , Lu Fang-I 
Published: June 2021

Context.—
Competency-based medical education relies on frequent formative in-service assessments to ascertain trainee progression. Currently at our institution, trainees receive a summative end-of-rotation In-Training Evaluation Report based on feedback collected from staff pathologists. There is no method of simulating report sign-out.

Objective.—
To develop a formative in-service assessment tool that is able to simulate report sign-out and provide case-by-case feedback to trainees. Further, to compare time- versus competency-based assessment models.

Design.—
Twenty-one pathology trainees were assessed for 20 months. Hot Seat Diagnosis by trainees and trainee assessment by pathologists were recorded in the laboratory information system. In the first iteration, trainees were assessed by using a time-based assessment scale on their ability to diagnose, report, use ancillary tests, comment on clinical implications, and provide intraoperative consultation and/or gross cases. The second iteration used a competency-based assessment scale. Trainees and pathologists completed surveys on the effectiveness of the In-Training Evaluation Report versus the Hot Seat Diagnosis tool.

Results.—
Scores from both iterations correlated significantly with other assessment tools including the Resident In-Service Examination (r = 0.93, P = .04 and r = 0.87, P = .03). The competency-based model was better able to demonstrate improvement over time and stratify junior versus senior trainees than the time-based model. Trainees and pathologists rated Hot Seat Diagnosis as significantly more objective, detailed, and timely than the In-Training Evaluation Report, and effective at simulating report sign-out.

Conclusions.—
Hot Seat Diagnosis is an effective tool for the formative in-service assessment of pathology trainees and simulation of report sign-out, with the competency-based model outperforming the time-based model.
Majorana Bound States Hallmarks in a Quantum Topological Interferometer Ring
Authors: Calle Ana M. , Orellana Pedro A. , Otálora Jorge A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the conductance and current correlations properties of a quantum topological interferometer consisting of a quantum dot coupled to two Majorana bound states (MBSs) confined at both ends of a 1D topological superconductor ring nanowire is investigated. The ring in its topological nontrivial and trivial phases is analyzed to show that the tunneling conductance, shot noise, and Fano factor present unique characteristics to distinguish the hallmark of MBSs. The findings are reinforced by taking advantage of the full correspondence between the quantum topological interferometer and a quantum‐dot effectively coupled to a single Majorana state in a straight topological superconductor wire configuration. It is shown that besides the characteristic zero‐bias conductance and the already known shot noise features, the Fano factor provides significant information to distinguish the MBSs presence.
Synthesis and properties of sildenafil isostere
Authors: Su Ziqi , Zhang Qi , Zhao Qieqiang , Liu Wenyi , Zhao Tao , Wang Huiping , Li Jiarong , Xu Juan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) activity. A total of 28 compounds, containing alkyl and aryl groups at the 1‐N and 3‐C positions on the pyrazole ring, and also bearing different alkyl substituents on the piperazine ring were synthesized. Four compounds (4d, 5d, 6d, and 5o) were found to have better inhibitory activity against PDE‐5 (IC50 < 10 nM). All four of the most active compounds contain a phenyl ring at the N1 position. Compounds containing a 3,5‐dimethylpiperazinyl group show better activity than others. These results suggest that compound 5o can be used as a lead structure for developing new inhibitors of PDE‐5.
Digitized indigenous knowledge collections: Impact on cultural knowledge transmission, social connections, and cultural identity
Authors: Liew Chern Li , Yeates Jamie , Lilley Spencer Charles 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research examines the impact of digitized and digital indigenous knowledge collections (D‐IKC) on cultural knowledge transmission, social connections, and cultural identity through semi‐structured interviews with 8 users of D‐IKC in New Zealand. The participants acknowledged that D‐IKC brought about many benefits, including the surfacing of otherwise hidden or inaccessible cultural heritage. Concerns around digital access, digital competency, and responsiveness to cultural values need to be thoughtfully addressed nevertheless. Use of D‐IKC had impact not only at an individual level but also at a social‐community level. We highlight several traditional cultural values related to D‐IKC use that are not embodied in existing value‐impact frameworks. This research also found that the intersection and interactions among individual needs, cultural expectations, and norms and affordances around the digital information environments concerned were nuanced and multifaceted. These facets must be incorporated into the stewardship of knowledge collections. We also observed “digital knowledge sharing in the wild”—knowledge transmission that transpired and in some cases led to creation of knowledge resources that materialized outside the bounds of the originating repositories and institutions. Further studies into such self‐organized knowledge transmission/sharing phenomena can lead to valuable insights to inform and shape the curation and design of D‐IKC.
Body height robust control of automotive air suspension system using finite‐time approach
Authors: Yin Chunfang , Zhao Dean , Zhang Jun , Wang Shaohua , Xu Xing , Sun Xiaoqiang , Shi Dehua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the essential characteristics of electronically controlled air suspension (ECAS) is that the automotive height is adjustable. Because ECAS system has complex nonlinearity and noticeable hysteresis, it is easy to make the vehicle oscillate near the target height due to the overcharge/discharge of air springs, which would cause the instability of vehicle body posture. More than that, the existence of external disturbances and uneven loads has impacts on body height control. The complex nonlinear characteristics and the existence of external interference put forward higher requirements for the design of ECAS body height controller. In this paper, by non‐singular coordinate transformation, the nonlinear model of the 1/4 ECAS body height regulation system is transformed into a linear model with a third‐order integral chain firstly, which is closer to the real dynamic characteristics of the suspension system than the linear system with low order. Secondly, based on continuous finite‐time theory, a continuous finite‐time feedback stabilization controller with small parameters is designed, and it turned out that the height regulation system can achieve finite‐time stability. Finally, the simulation results under sinusoidal and random disturbances show that with the comparison with the traditional PD control, the designed finite‐time controller can not only guarantee the system faster response speed and better control accuracy but also obtain the better anti‐jamming performance. By innovatively applying the finite‐time theory to the ECAS system, the designed control system in this paper can afford good robustness for ECAS height adjustment and has great significance to improve the overall performance of ECAS system.
αVβ6 Integrin: An Intriguing Target for COVID‐19 and Related Diseases
Authors: Bugatti Kelly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been an extraordinary event that constituted a global health emergency. As the novel coronavirus is continuing to spread over the world, the need for therapeutic agents to control this pandemic is increasing. αVβ6 Integrin may be an intriguing target not only for the inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry, but also for the diagnosis/treatment of COVID‐19 related fibrosis, an emerging type of fibrotic disease which will probably affect a significant part of the recovered patients. In this short article, the possible role of this integrin for fighting COVID‐19 is discussed on the basis of recently published evidence, showing how its underestimated involvement may be interesting for the development of novel pharmacological tools.
Labeling and Probing the Silica Surface Using Mechanochemistry and 17O NMR Spectroscopy**
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsin , Mentink‐Vigier Frederic , Trébosc Julien , Goldberga Ieva , Gaveau Philippe , Thomassot Emilie , Iuga Dinu , Smith Mark E. , Chen Kuizhi , Gan Zhehong , Fabregue Nicolas , Métro Thomas‐Xavier , Alonso Bruno , Laurencin Danielle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in developing cost‐efficient, fast, and user‐friendly 17O enrichment protocols to help to understand the structure and reactivity of materials by using 17O NMR spectroscopy. Here, we show for the first time how ball milling (BM) can be used to selectively and efficiently enrich the surface of fumed silica, which is widely used at industrial scale. Short milling times (up to 15 min) allowed modulation of the enrichment level (up to ca. 5 %) without significantly changing the nature of the material. High‐precision 17O compositions were measured at different milling times by using large‐geometry secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (LG‐SIMS). High‐resolution 17O NMR analyses (including at 35.2 T) allowed clear identification of the signals from siloxane (Si−O−Si) and silanols (Si−OH), while DNP analyses, performed by using direct 17O polarization and indirect 17O{1H} CP excitation, agreed with selective labeling of the surface. Information on the distribution of Si−OH environments at the surface was obtained from 2D 1H−17O D‐HMQC correlations. Finally, the surface‐labeled silica was reacted with titania and using 17O DNP, their common interface was probed and Si−O−Ti bonds identified.
Ten‐year clinical outcomes in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis according to the combined culprit lesion
Authors: Kim Yong Kyun , Jang Chae Won , Kwon Soon Ho , Kim Jae Hoon , Lerman Amir , Bae Jang‐Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the long‐term clinical outcomes of an intermediate lesion (IL) according to the presence of a combined culprit lesion (CCL).HypothesisLong‐term clinical outcomes of IL may be affected by the presence of a CCL.MethodsAngiographic findings (n = 1096) and medical chart were reviewed. Patients with IL were divided into two groups: IL without CCL group (n = 383, 64.5%) and IL with CCL group (n = 211, 35.5%).ResultsThe major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the IL with CCL group were significantly higher than those in the IL without CCL group (death: 12.3% vs. 7.0%, myocardial infarction: 3.3%vs. 0.5%, stroke: 6.6% vs. 2.6%, and revascularization [RVSC]: 25.1% vs. 7.6%) during a mean follow up period of 118.4 ± 5.5 months. IL related RVSC rate in the IL with CCL group was higher than that in the IL without CCL group (5.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.020). RVSC rate related to IL in total subjects was lower than that related to stented lesion (3.4% vs. 6.4%). The important predictors of total MACE in total subjects were the presence of CCL, IL percent diameter stenosis, hypertension, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, blood glucose and ejection fraction. The predictors of IL related RVSC were IL percent diameter stenosis and IL located in the right coronary artery.Conclusion10‐year clinical outcomes of an IL (especially IL without CCL) were better than those of stented lesions. This study suggests that the IL can be safely followed up in sites that do not have ability to assess functional study.
Assessment of wheat variety adoption in Bangladesh through DNA fingerprinting
Authors: Gade Poornima , Alam M Ashraful , Barma Naresh C.D. , Majumder Rituparna , Garapaty Rijuta , Paranjape Vijay Dattatraya , Killian Andrzej , Vijayaraghavan K. , Kabir Md. Rezaul , Hakim Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Zaherul , Hossain Md. Mahamudul , Rahman Md. Mokhlesur , Rahman Mahbubur , Khan Md. Abul Awlad , Islam Md. Rabiul , Hasan Md. Mahamudul , Amin Md. Forhad , Acevedo Maricelis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demand in Bangladesh has increased significantly in recent years, becoming the second major staple cereal after rice (Oryza sativa L.). Domestic production of wheat accounts for only 16% of domestic use. More than 30 wheat varieties have been released in the past 30 yr by the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI). In the last 10 yr alone, nine varieties with improved yield and disease resistance have been released. Bangladesh and the BWMRI lack the regulatory framework and infrastructure to accurately track the rate of adoption of these new releases. To determine the adoption of these varieties across the country, DNA fingerprinting of wheat samples was conducted across the six wheat growing regions in Bangladesh during the 2018–2019 cropping season. A reference library was established to compare and identify the wheat samples collected from farmers’ fields. Wheat grain samples collected from the fields and breeders’ lines were genotyped using Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseq)‐based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of the 1,791 samples collected from farmers’ fields, 68% were identified as varieties released after 2000 and 32% matched with older varieties. Among the varieties grown, BARI Gom 25 represented 29% of the collected samples followed by 23% of BARI Gom 24 and 16% of BARI Gom 26. These three most common varieties were well distributed across the six regions and have broad adoption.
BMP signaling and skeletal development in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)
Authors: Towler Oscar Will , Shore Eileen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra‐rare genetic disease caused by increased BMP pathway signaling due to mutation of ACVR1, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 1 receptor. The primary clinical manifestation of FOP is extra‐skeletal bone formation (heterotopic ossification) within soft connective tissues. However, the underlying ACVR1 mutation additionally alters skeletal bone development and nearly all people born with FOP have bilateral malformation of the great toes as well as other skeletal malformations at diverse anatomic sites. The specific mechanisms through which ACVR1 mutations and altered BMP pathway signaling in FOP influence skeletal bone formation during development remain to be elucidated; however, recent investigations are providing a clearer understanding of the molecular and developmental processes associated with ACVR1‐regulated skeletal formation.
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy
Authors: Diffendorfer Jay E. , Stanton Jessica C. , Beston Julie A. , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Loss Scott R. , Katzner Todd E. , Johnson Douglas H. , Erickson Richard A. , Merrill Matt D. , Corum Margo D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA central challenge in applied ecology is understanding the effect of anthropogenic fatalities on wildlife populations and predicting which populations may be particularly vulnerable and in greatest need of management attention. We used three approaches to investigate the potential effects of fatalities from collisions with wind turbines on 14 raptor species for both current (106 GW) and anticipated future (241 GW) levels of installed wind energy capacity in the United States. Our goals were to identify species at relatively high vs low risk of experiencing population declines from turbine collisions and to also compare results generated from these approaches. Two of the approaches used a calculated turbine‐caused mortality rate to decrement population growth, where population trends were derived either from the North American Breeding Bird Survey or from a matrix model parameterized from literature‐derived demographic values. The third approach was potential biological removal, which estimates the number of fatalities that allow a population to reach and maintain its optimal sustainable population set by management objectives. Different results among the methods reveal substantial gaps in knowledge and uncertainty in both demographic parameters and species‐specific estimates of fatalities from wind turbines. Our results suggest that, of the 14 species studied, those with relatively higher potential of population‐level impacts from wind turbine collisions included barn owl, ferruginous hawk, golden eagle, American kestrel, and red‐tailed hawk. Burrowing owl, Cooper’s hawk, great horned owl, northern harrier, turkey vulture, and osprey had a relatively lower potential for population impacts, and results were not easily interpretable for merlin, prairie falcon, and Swainson’s hawk. Projections of current levels of fatalities to future wind energy scenarios at 241 GW of installed capacity suggest some species could experience population declines because of turbine collisions. Populations of those species may benefit from research to identify tools to prevent or reduce raptor collisions with wind turbines.
DNA metabarcoding provides insights into the diverse diet of a dominant suspension feeder, the giant plumose anemone Metridium farcimen
Authors: Wells Christopher D. , Paulay Gustav , Nguyen Bryan N. , Leray Matthieu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBenthic suspension feeders have significant impacts on plankton communities by depleting plankton or modifying the composition of the plankton through prey selectivity. Quantifying diets of planktivorous animals can be difficult because plankton are frequently microscopic, may lack diagnostic characters, and are digested at variable rates. With DNA metabarcoding, the identification of gut contents has become faster and more accurate, and the technique allows for higher taxonomic resolution while also identifying rare and highly degraded items that would otherwise not be detected. We used DNA metabarcoding to examine the diet of the giant plumose anemone Metridium farcimen, a large, abundant, competitively dominant anemone on subtidal rock surfaces and floating docks in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Gut contents of 12 individuals were compared to 80‐ and 330‐µm filtered plankton samples collected one hour prior between 0.02 and 1.5 km from the anemones. The objectives of this study were to determine if M. farcimen has a selective diet and compare our findings with traditional gut content analyses. Metabarcoding demonstrated that M. farcimen captured a wider range of prey than previously suspected using traditional visual sampling techniques. Individual gut contents had less richness than the 80‐µm filtered plankton samples but had greater richness than the 330‐µm filtered plankton samples. The diet of the anemones was 52% arthropods with a surprisingly high relative abundance of an ant (10%) that has mating flights in August when this study was conducted. The gut contents of M. farcimen likely include all prey that elicit a predation response and that cannot escape. There were no statistically overrepresented taxa in the gut contents compared to the plankton but there were underrepresented taxa. This study highlights the usefulness of the metabarcoding method in identifying prey within the gut of planktivorous animals and the significant terrestrial input into marine food webs.