bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Autonomous Inflow Control Device AICD Deployment in Wassana Field
Authors: Taksaudom Pongpak , Kelly Tim , Meeteerawat Atisuda , Carter David , Swaminathan Kannappan , Lozet Aymeric , Tan Chee Seong , Watana Kulapat , Moses Nicholas , Goh Gordon , Kumar Amrendra , Krishnamoorthy Suba-Rao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wassana oil field is located in the Gulf of Thailand with shallow water depth at approximately 60m. A major challenge is excessive water production which reduces reserves recovery and increases costs associated with produced water handling.
The target reservoir is ~20ft thick with active aquifer support. The low oil/ water mobility ratio due to high oil viscosity (≥ 30cp) risks early water coning and high watercuts. All horizontal wells drilled in the Wassana field during the initial development and the first infill campaign were completed as non-ICD openhole standalone screen. For the second infill campaign, the non-ICD simulation showed water breakthrough occurring at the start of production. Once breakthrough occurs, water production rapidly dominates production prompting premature shut-in of production, leaving much unrecovered oil behind. To overcome this problem, Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICDs) were introduced to control the production influx profile across the entire horizontal section to delay water coning and to significantly choke back water production when it occurs.
With intensive pre-drilled AICD modeling using 3D dynamic time lapse simulation, two wells in the second infill campaign were subsequently chosen to be completed with a configuration of zonal AICDs isolated by swell packers. This design enables isolation across horizontal reservoir section with high water production in tandem with compartmentalization across the contrasting permeability region. Once water breakthrough occurs, the unique autonomous ability of the cyclonic AICD is triggered by exploiting the physics of rotational flow of the vortex-inducing pressure drop principle through a restrictive funnel-type flow-path in a tool with no moving parts. The low viscosity of both water and gas phase promotes higher rotational velocity inducing higher pressure drop or back-pressure of inflow vortex breakdown towards the inlet into the tubing flow, thus helping to further reduce the influx contribution of the high water producing sections. Essentially, the higher watercut zones flowing through the device is restricted more rigorously compared to the oil-prone zones.
Both wells were successfully drilled and completed with AICDs in February 2019. Based on actual and early-production history-matched performance, these 2 pilot AICD wells are projecting an improved cumulative oil production gain of up to +7% over 5 years of production. The reduction or delay of water production can benefit the field both in enhancing oil recovery and water handling cost saving.
Internal Friction and Compressive Deformation in the Primary Zone during the High-Speed Cutting of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Lin Xiaoxuan , Yang Wenyuan , Xu Daochun , Li Wenbin , Ma Simin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work proposes that there is internal friction and compressive deformation in the primary zone. Mathematical model was established, in which the internal friction coefficient and some compressive characteristics of serrated chips were calculated. High-speed orthogonal cutting experiment was performed on SiCp/Al composites at cutting speeds of 10–350 m/min and feed rates of 0.07–0.12 mm/r. The internal friction and compressive deformation in the primary zone were investigated by combing results obtained in the experiments with the mathematical model. The internal friction coefficient (0.21–0.47), compressive stress (185.4 MPa–226.9 MPa), and compressive strain rate (0.013×104 /s–0.554×104 /s) increased with increasing cutting speed. However, the compression value (17.3 µm–50.0 µm) and compressive strain (0.18–0.26) decreased with the cutting speed.
Numerical Research on Multi-Particle Movements and Nozzle Wear Involved in Abrasive Waterjet Machining
Authors: Du Mingming , Wang Haijin , Dong Huiyue , Guo Yingjie , Ke Yinglin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multi-particle velocities and trajectories in abrasive waterjet machining are of great value to understand the particle erosion mechanism involved in the cutting process. In this paper, the whole-stage simulation model is established from the high-pressure water and abrasive particles entering the nozzle to the mixed abrasive jet impacting the workpiece based on the SPH-DEM-FEM method. Comparing the simulation results with the experimental results under different process parameters, the capability of the proposed model is systematically validated. The model is applied to study the mixing and accelerating process of abrasive particles, and the results show that a speed difference is existed between the water and abrasive particles after being ejected from the nozzle. In addition, the nozzle wear pattern is also analyzed carefully. It is discovered that the most serious wear happened at the junction of the mixing chamber and the focusing tube. And the focusing tube wear is uneven and spreads downward.
Focusing properties and focal shift of a vortex cosine-hyperbolic Gaussian beam
Authors: Hricha Zoubir , Halba El Mostapha El , Lazrek Mohammed , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the focusing properties of a vortex-cosh-Gaussian (vChG) beam passing through a converging thin lens. Based on the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, we derived the analytical propagation equation as well as the beam width expression of a focused vChGB. It is shown that the focusing properties including the focal shift of the focused vChGB are crucially dependent on the incident beam parameters namely the decentered parameter and the topological charge in addition to the Gaussian Fresnel number\({N_F}\). From typical numerical examples, it is found that the focused vChGB is transformed into a multi-lobes structure shape at the real focus plane, and the principal maximum intensity of the beam is located away from the axis. The amount of focal shift, which is determined from the minimum spot size criterion, is strongly dependent on the Fresnel number, the decentered parameter and the vortex charge m. The obtained results may be useful for the applications of the vChGBs in beam shaping and beam focusing.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Reduction Effect of Permeable Pavements
Authors: Liu Zhe , Tian Yuxiang , Ma Biao , Si Wei , Wang Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Permeable pavements can effectively reduce the urban road surface temperatures. To study the cooling effect of holding water on the road surface under the comprehensive influence of the external water and heat environment, a numerical model established by a finite element analysis software and an indoor test were used to verify the temperature change behavior of the road surface under different heating temperatures and holding water conditions. The results show that the average error between the numerical model and indoor test is 3.5%, and the model reliability is high. Under the same conditions, the change in thickness of the permeable pavement surface and base course has a negligible effect on the temperature of the road surface. For every 100 J/(kg/°C) increase in the specific heat capacity of the upper surface course and lower surface course, the maximum daily road surface temperature can be reduced by approximately 2.1°C and 0.4°C, respectively. The road surface temperature shows a similar pattern when the thermal conductivity increases. Under dry conditions, the maximum daily road surface temperature can be reduced by approximately 3.4°C and 4.3°C for surface-permeable and fully permeable pavements, respectively. This study provides reference suggestions for optimizing the selection and design of urban road pavement structures from the perspectives of permeable pavement design, material parameters, and structure type.
Heavy Metal Concentration in Neotropical Aquatic Snakes (Helicops Pastazae) and Its Potential as a Bioindicator of Water Pollution
Authors: Hurtado-Morales María Jose , Rodríguez Manuel , Amezquita Adolfo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to test the potential role of the aquatic snake Helicops pastazae as indicators of water pollution caused by heavy metals. In particular, we tested whether the total heavy metal concentration is related to (1) the position (upstream vs downstream) of the sampling point and its distance from the point where wastewater is discharged; (2) the taxonomic group studied and its place in the trophic chain: piscivorous snakes vs characid fish that co-occur with them; and (3) the organ or tissue examined: snake liver versus muscle. We quantified cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization. Significant differences were found between some of the sampling points, particularly high metal concentrations were detected upstream at point 1, but no clear spatial pattern was found. There were no significant differences in the concentration of any of the metals between fish and snake muscle, suggesting potential mechanisms of metal excretion in snakes. With regard to interactions, the snake liver had the highest concentrations of cadmium and the muscle of lead and chromium, which may indicate tissue affinity differences for certain metals. Altogether, our results indicate that H. pastazae accumulates contaminants differentially, depending on the tissue and location, which render them useful bioindicators of water contamination.
Develop an Integrated Conceptual Model to Determine Ecological Buffers in Urban Streams
Authors: Sarang Amin , Andik Behnam , Ardestani Mojtaba , Kermani Farnoosh Moradizadeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For many years, buffers are playing an important role for protecting as well as exploiting urban streams environment. In 40s & early 50s Tehran with 5 urban streams which flow from northern mountains to southern deserts of the city had been created unique aesthetic nature. At that time no specific environmental regulatory implemented by the government but since lack of any disturbing population and any urban development, the urban nature was self protecting. But in recent decades a huge development occurs leading to impaired streams which no conventional buffers such as static quantitative buffer zone and qualitative buffer zone. This paper is deeply investigating ecological restoration and promoting a new conceptual model as ecological buffer zone for Urban Streams. This buffer is agile, dynamic, and variable in both stream directions (longitudinal and latitudinal) consist of many layers such as biological (both fauna and flora), geotechnical, artificial infrastructure buffer, legal, historical, social, economical and etc Layers. If this model properly implemented longtermly will protect current urban nature and even enhance the environment eventually, partially, and gradually reverse to their historical natures. Ecological should be tailored for each individual river and stream based on few rules, tools and techniques. The paper is based on three years extensive research study for all 5 major urban streams in Tehran and implementing on Farahzad upstream specifically. It elaborates how to define different above-mentioned layers and finally how to integrate all together. EB has been currently implemented in Tehran urban streams by the municipality.
Analysis of the Radiation Balance Components Over Low-turbidity Water Stored in an Agricultural Reservoir in a Tropical Climate
Authors: BORGES TATYANA KEYTY DE SOUZA , DE OLIVEIRA AUREO SILVA , ALLEN RICHARD G. , KILIC AYSE , COUTO JOÃO PAULO CHAVES , SANTANA CARLOS EDUARDO 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding how solar and terrestrial radiation fluxes interact with natural surfaces and impact water consumption is of wide interest. In eastern sub-humid Bahia, Brazil, scarce surface water stored in lined ponds is used to drip irrigate Sumatra tobacco plants grown under partial shading. This work aimed at monitoring, over two irrigation seasons (2015 and 2016), the water turbidity, the radiation balance (shortwave – SW and longwave – LW components), and the skin water temperature (Tw) in the center of a large storage pond to better understand the energy balance of the storage pond and its impact on evaporation. Auxiliary data from a collocated weather station were also collected. The water turbidity was very low (around 2.6 NTU on average) due to filtration and reverse osmosis of water prior to storage. The mean daily Tw (26.1°C) was nearly always higher than the mean air temperature Ta (21.8°C) due to near-surface absorption of solar radiation. Incoming (Sg) and net SW (Snet) fluxes decreased by 70% on average with cloud cover while downward LW flux increased by 14% due to increased net atmospheric temperature with the presence of clouds. A mean daily albedo of 0.05 was measured for the type of water stored in the irrigation tanks. The net LW flux (Lnet) was consistently negative (−55.1 W m−2 average). Two approaches are proposed for estimating daily net all-wave radiation Rn. The first is Rn = −27.357 + 0.832⋅Snet (r2 = 0.998 and SEE = 9.66 W m− 2) and the second is Rn = Snet – Lnet(MLR) where Snet = 0.95∙Sg for both approaches and MRL represents a multiple linear regression model (r2 = 0.721 and SEE = 6.87 W m− 2). Both approaches use data that are easily collected from a standard automatic weather station.
Enhanced Wireless Grid Technologies for the Harmonized Devices in Future IoT Systems
Authors: Kojima Fumihide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes the enhanced wireless grid technologies for the future Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The paper shows a realization of the wireless grid by suitably exploiting the existing wireless Smart Utility Networks (SUN) that is standardized by IEEE 802.15.4g/4e task groups and is certified by Wi-SUN alliance. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer functions that is mainly defined by IEEE 802.15.4e standard and IEEE 802.15.10 recommended practice are effectively modified according to the assumed IoT services and satisfy the requirement of harmonized mesh activities by massive radio devices. In order to realize this function, SUN radio devices that exploit Layer 2 Routing (L2R) control scheme in IEEE 802.15.10 are employed to realize the autonomous mesh management function as well as the multiple service supporting function. The performance is evaluated through the experiments by employing the developed SUN devices as well as simulator evaluations. The paper also proposes novel data retransmission schemes by exploiting the data concatenation functions in IEEE 802.15.10 as well as evaluating its performances by computer simulations and experiments. Consequently, this paper confirms that the obtained results through both simulator evaluations and experiments matches to each other.
Extreme Room Temperature Compression and Bending in Ferroelectric Oxide Pillars
Authors: Liu Ying , Cui Xiangyuan , Niu Ranming , Zhang Shujun , Liao Xiaozhou , Moss Scott , Finkel Peter , Garbrecht Magnus , Ringer Simon , Cairney Julie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plastic deformation in ceramic materials is normally only observed in nanometre-sized samples. However, we have observed unprecedented levels of plasticity (>50% plastic strain) and excellent elasticity (6% elastic strain) in perovskite oxide Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT), under compression along <100>pc pillars up to 2.1 μm in diameter. The extent of this deformation is much higher than has previously been reported for ceramic materials, and the sample size at which plasticity is observed is almost an order of magnitude larger. Bending tests also revealed over 8% flexural strain. Plastic deformation occurred by slip along {110} <110>. Calculations indicate that the resulting strain gradients will give rise to extreme flexoelectric polarization. First principles models predict that a high concentration of oxygen vacancies (Vo) weaken the covalent/ionic bonds, giving rise to the unexpected plasticity. Mechanical testing on Vo-rich Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT confirmed this prediction. These findings will facilitate the design of plastic ceramic materials and the development of flexoelectric-based nano-electromechanical systems.
Effects of Lower Extremities Constraint Induced Movement Therapy on Gait and Balance of Chronic Hemiparetic Patients After Stroke: Description of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Authors: Oliveira Elaine Menezes , Matuti Gabriela da Silva , de Oliveira Clarissa Barros , de Freitas Simone Ferreira , Kawamura Catia Miyuki , Lopes José Augusto Fernandes , Arida Ricardo Mario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundProtocols involving intensive practice have shown positive outcomes. Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIT) appears to be one of the best options for better outcomes in upper limb rehabilitation, but we still have little data about Lower Extremities - Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (LE-CIT) and its effects on gait and balance.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of an LE-CIT protocol on gait functionality and balance in chronic hemiparetic patients following a stroke.MethodsThe study adopts a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study design. 42 patients who suffered a stroke event, in the chronic phase of recovery (>6 months), with gait disability (no community gait), able to walk at least 10 meters with or without the advice or support of 1 person, will be randomly allocated to 2 groups: the LE-CIT Group or the Control Group (Intensive Conventional Therapy). People will be excluded if they have speech deficits that render them unable to understand and/or answer properly to evaluation scales and exercises selected for the protocol and/or if they have suffered any clinical event between the screening and the beginning of the protocol. Outcome will be assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and after 6 months (T2). The outcome measures chosen for this trial are: 6 minute walk test (6minWT), 10 meter walk test (10mWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 3-D gait analysis (3DGA), Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and, as a secondary measure, Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log will be evaluated (LE-MAL). The participants in both groups will receive 15 followed days of daily exercise. The participants in the LE-CIT Group will be submitted to this protocol 2.5 hour/day for 15 followed days. It will include: 1) intensive supervised training, 2) use of shaping as strategy for motor training, and 3) application of a transfer package (plus 30 minutes). The Control Group will receive conventional physiotherapy for 2.5 hours/day over 15 followed days (the same period as the CIT intervention). Repeated measures analyses will be made to compare differences and define clinically relevant changes between groups.ResultsData collection is currently on-going and results are expected in 2021.Discussion: LE-CIT seems to be a good protocol for inclusion into stroke survivors’ rehabilitation as it has all the components needed for positive results, as well as intensity and transference of gains to daily life activities.Trial Registration: www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (Register Number: RBR-467cv6). Date of registration: October 10, 2017. “Effects of Lower Extremities - Constraint Induced Therapy on gait and balance function in chronic hemipretic post-stroke patients”.
Design and Analysis of Silicon Nanowire FET for the Detection of Cardiac Troponin I Biomarker
Authors: Ahmadsaidulu Shaik , Krsihna B. Vamsi , Satyanarayana B V V , Matta Durga Prakash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cardiac arrests are one of the major health problems in present days. Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) is one of the important enzymes that causes cardiac arrest. Early diagnosis and proper medication of this saves human life. One of the prominent devices to diagnose troponin I is FET based bio-sensor. Normally, for these sensors’ higher sensitivities will be obtained as these biosensors structure consists of nanowire FETs. Proper selection of materials, dimensions, and doping concentrations of nanowire FET imply the perfection of a nanowire FET-based biosensor. In this work, Silicon Nanowire (SiNW) FET sensor is designed and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. Through this design, Identified the presence of different concentrations of cTnI present in human blood. The presence of different enzymes like cTnT, cTnI etc., bring changes in characteristics of SiNW FET sensor. With these changes in characteristics, we can identify the presence of these enzymes of a lower concentration also. The lower concentrations of these biomarkers will bring notable changes in the drain current. The characteristics were analysed with the SiNW FET which is equipped with immobilized antibodies on it. The considerable changes observed in these characteristics of FET sensor identifies the presence of cTnI biomarker and are attached to the monoclonal Antibodies (mAb). Our observations shown that the properties of designed SiNW FET changes with presence of these bio marker materials and a limit of detection is obtained the order of 2pg/mL. with further the design bio sensor with SiNW FET can be used for microfluidic and Lab-on-Chip applications also.
A theoretical and computational investigation of mixed mode creep crack growth along an interface
Authors: Elmukashfi Elsiddig , Cocks Alan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for studying mixed mode (I and II) creep crack growth under steady state creep conditions. In particular, we focus on the problem of creep crack growth along an interface, whose fracture properties are weaker than the bulk material, located either side of the interface. The theoretical framework of creep crack growth under mode I, previously proposed by the authors, is extended. The bulk behaviour is described by power-law creep, and damage zone models that account for mode mixity are proposed to model the fracture process ahead of a crack tip. The damage model is described by a traction-separation rate law that is defined in terms of an effective traction and separation which couple the different fracture modes. Different models are introduced, namely, a simple critical displacement model, empirical Kachanov type damage models and a micromechanical based model. Using the path independence of the C * -integral and dimensional analysis, analytical models are developed for mixed mode steady-state crack growth in a double cantilever beam specimen (DCB) subjected to combined bending moments and tangential forces. A computational framework is then implemented using the Finite Element method. The analytical models are calibrated against detailed Finite Element models and a scaling function (C k ) is determined in terms of a dimensionless quantity Φ 0 (which is the ratio of geometric and material length scales), mode mixity χ and the deformation and damage coupling parameters. We demonstrate that the form of the C k -function does not change with mode mixity; however, its value depends on the mode mixity, the deformation and damage coupling parameters and the detailed form of the damage zone. Finally, we demonstrate how parameters within the models can be obtained from creep deformation, creep rupture and crack growth experiments for mode I and II loading conditions.