bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician Interpretation of Data of Uncertain Clinical Utility in Oncology Prescription Drug Promotion
Authors: Boudewyns Vanessa , O'Donoghue Amie C. , Paquin Ryan S. , Aikin Kathryn J. , Ferriola-Bruckenstein Kate , Scott Victoria M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about how physicians interpret data displays that depict preliminary or exploratory clinical data in physician-targeted sales aids for oncology drugs. Using three factorial experiments, we examined whether disclosures of data limitations and clinical uncertainty adequately communicate the limitations and practical utility of this type of data.Subjects, Materials, and MethodsThe studies used a 2 (disclosure of data limitations: technical, nontechnical) × 2 (disclosure of clinical uncertainty: present, absent) + 1 (control: no disclosure) between-subjects experimental design to examine the impact of disclosures as they relate to presentations of preliminary or exploratory data in promotional communications for oncology products. In each experiment, we randomized oncologists and primary care physicians with oncology experience to view one version of a two-page sales aid. Following this exposure, physicians completed a web-based survey. The design was replicated in three concurrently conducted experiments using sales aids for different fictitious oncology drugs, each featuring one of three common data displays: a forest plot (n = 495), a Kaplan-Meier curve (n = 504), or a bar chart (n = 532).ResultsResults provide initial evidence that in some contexts disclosures can improve understanding of the clinical utility of certain information about a drug and the limitations of results presented in a data display. Disclosures can also temper perceptions of how much evidence is presented that supports a conclusion that the drug is an appropriate treatment. In terms of the language used in the disclosure of data limitations, physicians in all three experiments strongly preferred the nontechnical disclosures.ConclusionThe findings from the three experiments in this study suggest that disclosures have the potential to increase relevant knowledge, but more research is needed to establish best practice recommendations for using disclosures to convey contextual information relevant for interpreting data displays in promotional communications.Implications for PracticeThis article reports the results from three large, online experimental studies that address a growing concern that drug companies often share favorable clinical trial results with physicians in promotional materials that lack important context for physicians to interpret the data. This series of studies investigates whether strategic use of two types of disclosures (disclosure of data limitations and a disclosure of clinical uncertainty) improves understanding and reduces misinterpretations among physicians. The results from these studies help identify communication factors that impact how physicians critically appraise preliminary or exploratory clinical trial data to inform policy and regulatory efforts.
Longitudinal Assessment of Prognostic Understanding in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer and Its Association with Their Psychological Distress
Authors: Arai Daisuke , Sato Takashi , Nakachi Ichiro , Fujisawa Daisuke , Takeuchi Mari , Sato Yasunori , Kawada Ichiro , Yasuda Hiroyuki , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Terai Hideki , Nukaga Shigenari , Inoue Takashi , Nakamura Morio , Oyamada Yoshitaka , Terashima Takeshi , Sayama Koichi , Saito Fumitake , Sakamaki Fumio , Naoki Katsuhiko , Fukunaga Koichi , Soejima Kenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Accurate prognostic understanding in patients with advanced cancer is essential for shared decision making; however, patients may experience psychological burden through knowing the incurable nature of advanced cancer. It has been unclear how their prognostic understanding fluctuates and whether accurate prognostic understanding is associated with psychological distress from the time of diagnosis over time.

Materials and Methods
We longitudinally investigated prognostic understanding in 225 patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer at 16 hospitals in Japan until 24 months after diagnosis. We examined associated factors with being consistently accurate in prognostic understanding, especially focusing on its association with psychological well-being.

Results
The proportion of patients with an inaccurate prognostic understanding remained approximately 20% over time with the presence of patients with inconsistent understanding. Patients with consistently accurate prognostic understanding showed a significantly lower Emotional Well-Being subscale score at both 3 and 6 months after diagnosis (p = .010 and p = .014, respectively). In multivariate analyses, being consistently accurate in prognostic understanding was significantly associated with female gender and higher lung cancer–specific symptom burden at 3 months (p = .008 and p = .005, respectively) and lower emotional well-being at 6 months (p = .006).

Conclusion
Although substantial proportions of patients with advanced lung cancer had inaccurate prognostic understanding from the time of diagnosis over time, patients with consistently accurate prognostic understanding experienced greater psychological burden. Our findings highlight the importance of continuous psychological care and support for patients who understand their severe prognosis accurately.

Implications for Practice
This study demonstrated that approximately 20% of patients with advanced lung cancer had an inaccurate understanding about their prognosis, not only at the time of diagnosis but also at the later time points. Being consistently accurate in prognostic understanding was significantly associated with elevated levels of psychological distress. Although accurate prognostic understanding is essential for decision making for treatment and advance care planning, health care providers should be aware of psychological burdens in patients that accept their severe prognosis accurately. Appropriate care and support for such patients are warranted from diagnosis over time.
The Relationship Between Frailty and Emotional Health in Older Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Gilmore Nikesha , Kehoe Lee , Bauer Jessica , Xu Huiwen , Hall Bianca , Wells Megan , Lei Lianlian , Culakova Eva , Flannery Marie , Grossman Valerie Aarne , Sardari Ronak Amir , Subramanya Himal , Kadambi Sindhuja , Belcher Elizabeth , Kettinger Jared , O'Rourke Mark A. , Dib Elie G. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Dale William , Mohile Supriya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAging-related deficits that eventually manifest as frailty may be associated with poor emotional health in older patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to examine the relationship between frailty and emotional health in this population.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a nationwide cluster randomized trial. Patients were aged ≥70 years with incurable stage III/IV solid tumors or lymphomas, had ≥1 geriatric assessment (GA) domain impairment, and had completed the Geriatric Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Distress Thermometer. Frailty was assessed using a Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI; range 0–1) based on GA, which did not include emotional health variables (depression and anxiety), and participants were stratified into robust, prefrail, and frail categories. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association of frailty with emotional health outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsFive hundred forty-one patients were included (mean age: 77 years; 70–96). DAI ranged from 0.04 to 0.94; 27% of patients were classified as robust, 42% prefrail, and 31% frail. Compared with robust patients, frail patients had an increased risk of screening positive for depression (aOR = 12.8; 95% CI = 6.1–27.0), anxiety (aOR = 6.6; 95% CI = 2.2–19.7), and emotional distress (aOR = 4.62; 95% CI = 2.9–8.3). Prefrail compared with robust patients also had an increased risk of screening positive for depression (aOR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.0–4.8) and distress (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.0–2.8).ConclusionIn older patients with advanced cancer, frailty is associated with poorer emotional health, which indicates a need for an integrated care approach to treating these patients.Implications for PracticeA relationship exists between frailty and poor emotional health in older adults with advanced cancer. Identifying areas of frailty can prompt screening for emotional health and guide delivery of appropriate interventions. Alternatively, attention to emotional health may also improve frailty.
Encouraging appropriate gestational weight gain in high‐risk gravida: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mackeen Awathif Dhanya , Young Amanda J. , Lutcher Shawnee , Hetherington Vonda , Mowery Jacob W. , Savage Jennifer S. , Symons Downs Danielle , Bailey‐Davis Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrial DesignExcessive gestational weight gain (GWG) can increase pregnancy morbidity and is particularly problematic for women with pregestational obesity. A lifestyle modification intervention was introduced to gravida with obesity to decrease excessive GWG as compared to usual care (UC).MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors to manage appropriate GWG. Consenting participants with prepregnancy obesity and singletons ≤17 weeks were randomized to (1) Usual Care (UC): usual written educational materials and counseling by obstetric provider or (2) Enhanced Care (EC): UC plus (a) personalized letter from physician detailing appropriate GWG; (b) access to individualized GWG chart; (c) ongoing counseling with registered dietitian/nutritionist (RDN). The primary outcome was proportion with GWG ≤9.1 kg, as this is upper limit recommended by Institute of Medicine (IOM). Total GWG and GWG as less than/within/greater than IOM recommendations (in aggregate and stratified by obesity class), and pregnancy/neonatal outcomes were evaluated as secondary outcomes.ResultsAnalyses included 105 participants in EC and 109 in UC arms. The groups had similar demographics: 46% with class I obesity, 26% class II, and 28% class III. There were no group differences for any GWG, pregnancy, or neonatal outcomes when analyzed in aggregate. As compared to those randomized to the EC arm, participants in UC arm with class I obesity gained 1.4 kg less and those with class II obesity were significantly more likely to gain within IOM guidelines (14.8% vs. 40.0%, adjusted p = 0.04). Participants with class III obesity randomized to EC arm were more likely to gain within IOM guidelines as compared to participants randomized to UC arm (29.0% vs. 6.7%, adjusted p = 0.02).ConclusionThere were no differences in GWG observed between groups when analyzing participants in aggregate. However, a physician's letter detailing appropriate GWG, patient portal access to a personalized GWG chart, and RDN consultation were helpful for encouraging GWG within IOM guidelines for women with prepregnancy class III obesity. Women with class I or II obesity had better GWG outcomes without these additional interventions.
Biobased poly(glycerol citrate) synthesis optimization via design of experiments
Authors: Gadomska‐Gajadhur Agnieszka , Bandzerewicz Aleksandra , Wrzecionek Michał , Ruśkowski Paweł 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNowadays, glycerol polyesters are willingly studied, due to their potential to use in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Poly(glycerol citrate) is a quite new material that could have very interesting properties because of the easy formation of three‐dimensional hydrophilic networks. Moreover, both glycerol and citric acid are commonly used chemicals in the food and pharmaceutical industry. They are cheap, well available, and well‐known substances. In this work poly(glycerol citrate) was synthesized in bulk polycondensation with water removal. The polyester structure was widely characterized by FTIR, NMR, GPC, and the end group titration methods. The synthesis procedure was optimized and described via five mathematical models with the use of the design of experiments. The presented method was developed for further industrial use and allows for avoiding gelling phenomena. Based on this work, poly(glycerol citrate) could be obtained with desired properties, moreover, the process is prepared for scaling‐up.
Development of biocompatible electrostatic‐repulsive microparticles for local tumor treatment
Authors: Lee Eunsol , Lee Eun Seong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we reported pH‐responsive microparticles consisting of poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), aminated hyaluronic acid (aHA) conjugated with 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA, as a pH‐responsive cleavable molecule) (aHA‐DMA), and doxorubicin (DOX, as an antitumor drug) for local tumor treatment. The DOX‐loaded microparticles, denoted as PLGA(aHA‐DMA)/DOX MPs, were fabricated using the W1/O/W2 multi‐emulsification method. These PLGA(aHA‐DMA)/DOX MPs (~10 μm in diameter) accelerated the rate of DOX release at pH 6.8 due to the acidic pH‐responsive cleavage of the DMA moieties followed by electrostatic‐repulsion between aHA and DOX. This event caused the structural destabilization and collapse of the MPs, leading to the rapid release of DOX. Consequently, the PLGA(aHA‐DMA)/DOX MPs resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth, demonstrating their ability for acidic tumor‐specific treatment.
Thinking ahead: Parents’ worries about late effects of childhood cancer treatment
Authors: Greenzang Katie A. , Kelly Colleen A. , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Ma Clement , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany childhood cancersurvivors experience at least one late effect of treatment, and both late effects and persistent cancer‐related worry can negatively impact quality of life in survivorship. Little is known about the prevalence or impact of parental worry about late effects early in treatment. This study evaluated parental perceived likelihood, impact, and worry about late effects of childhood cancer.ProcedureWe surveyed 96 parents of pediatric cancer patients at Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center within a year of diagnosis. Parents were asked about their experiences with late effects communication, general worry about late effects, and specific late effect worries.ResultsMost (96%) parents valued information about late effects, and 93% considered late effects in their treatment decision‐making. Yet, 24% could not recall receiving any information about late effects, and only 51% felt well prepared for potential late effects. Though only 20% of parents considered their child at high risk of experiencing late effects, 61% were extremely/very worried about late effects. Those who felt their child was at high risk of experiencing late effects were more likely to worry (OR = 4.7, P = 0.02).ConclusionsMany parents feel inadequately informed about late effects of cancer treatment, and only one‐fifth of parents consider late effects to be likely for their child. However, a majority of parents worry about late effects, including ones they think their child is unlikely to experience. Although some worry is anticipated, disproportionate worry may be mitigated by addressing both educational shortfalls and emotional concerns.
Vinblastine monotherapy induction prior to radiotherapy for patients with intracranial germinoma during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Murray Matthew J. , Moleron Rafael , Adamski Jennifer , English Martin , Burke G. A. Amos , Cross Justin , Ajithkumar Thankamma , Stoneham Sara , Nicholson James C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with localized intracranial germinoma have excellent survival. Reducing treatment burden and long‐term sequelae is a priority. Intensive inpatient chemotherapy (e.g., carboPEI = carboplatin/etoposide/ifosfamide) has been effectively employed to reduce radiotherapy treatment volume/dose. Outpatient‐based carboplatin monotherapy is associated with excellent outcomes in metastatic testicular seminoma (an identical pathology), and successful vinblastine monotherapy induction (with 77% tumor volume reduction after just two weekly vinblastine doses) has recently been reported in an intracranial germinoma patient.MethodsAdapted UK guidelines for germ cell tumor management were distributed during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including nonstandard treatment options to reduce hospital visits and/or admissions. This included vinblastine monotherapy for intracranial germinoma (6 mg/m2 intravenously, or 4 mg/m2 for moderate count suppression, delivered weekly). We describe two such patients treated using this approach.ResultsA 30‐year‐old male with a localized pineal tumor received 12‐week vinblastine induction, with >60% volume reduction, prior to definitive radiotherapy. A 12‐year‐old female with a metastatic suprasellar tumor and progression at all sites of disease whilst awaiting proton radiotherapy received two vinblastine doses with good early response, including 36% primary tumor volume reduction. The patients tolerated vinblastine well.ConclusionPatients with intracranial germinoma have excellent outcomes, and reduction of late effects remains a priority. The description of vinblastine monotherapy in these intracranial germinoma patients warrants further exploration.
Mechanical and free vibration properties of Phoenix sp. fiber reinforced epoxy composites: Influence of sodium bicarbonate treatment
Authors: Rajeshkumar G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this research work, the Phoenix sp. fiber‐based epoxy composites were fabricated using compression molding technique and investigated their mechanical and free vibration characteristics by varying the fiber length and content. The test results indicated that the fiber length and content influence the properties of composites significantly. The composites showed higher mechanical and free vibration properties than the neat epoxy due to increased composite stiffness. In particular, the composites reinforced with 20 wt% of 15 mm length fiber offer better overall properties. In addition, an effort was made to improve the properties of the optimized composites by reinforcing the sodium bicarbonate treated Phoenix sp. fibers. The treatments showed a positive impact on the composite properties, especially the 120 h treated fiber reinforced composites offered highest mechanical and free vibration properties than the other composites investigated. This could be attributed to increased fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding and the existence of small protrusions on the fiber surface that act as a mechanical interlocking mechanism, and the same was confirmed through morphological analysis. The experimental results showed that the sodium bicarbonate treatment is efficient in increasing the properties of Phoenix sp. fiber composites, as well as being less harmful to the environment after disposal.
The relationship between basic psychological needs and phubbing: Fear of missing out as the mediator
Authors: Butt Ayesha Khawar , Arshad Tehreem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find out the association between basic psychological needs, fear of missing out (FOMO) and phubbing in university students with problematic smartphone use. Through the purposive sampling technique, a sample of 240 participants (men, Mage = 20.93 years, SD = 1.07 years; women, Mage = 20.76 years, SD = 0.89 years) was recruited from two private and two government university sectors of Lahore, Pakistan. Results were generated by using Multiple Hierarchical Regression, and Amos Path Analysis. The study depicted that psychological needs and FOMO emerged as predictors of phubbing. Furthermore, it was supported that fear of missing out acted as a mediator between psychological needs and phubbing. The findings of the study have yielded vital implications as a thorough understanding of problematic smartphone use will help raise awareness and educate the youth about its detrimental effects.
Synthesis of Janus polyaniline–polyelectrolyte complex membrane via in situ confined polymerization
Authors: Luangaramvej Pimchaya , Poungsripong Peeranuch , Dubas Stephan Thierry 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes prepared from poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) were modified by crossflow polymerization of aniline (ANI). The PEC membranes were used as separators in a two‐compartment setup where ANI monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidant diffused through the membranes to form polyaniline (PANI). APS and ANI having different distributions throughout the membranes, the reaction led to the asymmetric polymerization of PANI on one face of each PEC membrane thus producing Janus membranes. Due to the excess PANI content, the membrane displayed distinct asymmetric electrical conductivities on each face. Interestingly, very different ANI polymerizations were obtained when nonstoichiometric PEC membranes having different molar ratio of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes (P+:P− represents PDADMAC:PSS) were used and transport of APS was fastest through the 2:1 PEC when compared to the 1:2 PEC. In all experiments, the polymerization was most intense on the ANI side of the membranes. Also, the influence of NaCl both during PEC fabrication and during polymerization was studied and found to have some effect on the solute permeability. Results showed that a higher content of PANI was formed on PEC membranes having excess P+ and with no NaCl added during PEC fabrication. Although X‐ray diffraction confirmed the presence of PANI on both sides of each membrane, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that both sides of each membrane had different PANI content deposited. Electrical conductivity measurements using a four‐point probe setup also showed that the PEC–PANI exhibits asymmetric electrical property on different sides. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Uncharged Lewis bases yield polydimethylsiloxane ionomers with amidinium alkyldithiocarbamate side chains
Authors: Poon Louis , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIonomers exhibiting good thermal stability have been prepared by mixing three uncharged components—a poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) with randomly substituted amidine side chains, an alkylamine, and carbon disulfide. In essence, the three uncharged components produce charged materials, polyelectrolytes with amidinium dithiocarbamate ion pairs. The preparation, structures, and properties of the ionomers at the microscopic and macroscopic levels are reported as a function of PDMS chain length, degree of amidine substitution, and length of the alky group of the amine component. Whereas ionomers with hexyldithiocarbamate anions are viscous liquids at room temperature, those with octadecyldithiocarbamate groups are semi‐crystalline solids, exhibiting multiple thermal transitions between 0 °C and the temperature at which they become isotropic phases. The structural natures of those transitions have been characterized from analyses of data from differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and rheology measurements. Among the interesting properties exhibited by the ionomers are strong adhesion to different surfaces, and high ultimate shear stress considering their relatively low amidinium contents.