bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal weight estimation by automated three-dimensional limb volume model in late third trimester compared to two-dimensional model: a cross-sectional prospective observational study
Authors: Wu Xining , Niu Zihan , Xu Zhonghui , Jiang Yuxin , Zhang Yixiu , Meng Hua , Ouyang Yunshu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Accurate estimation of fetal weight is important for prenatal care and for detection of fetal growth abnormalities. Prediction of fetal weight entails the indirect measurement of fetal biometry by ultrasound that is then introduced into formulae to calculate the estimated fetal weight. The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the automated three-dimensional(3D) fractional limb volume model to predict fetal weight in the third trimester.Methods: Prospective 2D and 3D ultrasonography were performed among women with singleton pregnancies 7 days before delivery to obtain 2D data, including fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length, as well as 3D data, including the fractional arm volume (AVol) and fractional thigh volume (TVol). The fetal weight was estimated using the 2D model and the 3D fractional limb volume model respectively. Percentage error = (estimated fetal weight - actual birth weight) ÷ actual birth weight × 100. Systematic errors (accuracy) were evaluated as the mean percentage error (MPE). Random errors (precision) were calculated as±1 SD of percentage error.Results: Ultrasound examination was performed on 56 fetuses at 39.6 ± 1.4 weeks gestation. The average birth weight of the newborns was 3393 ± 530 g. The average fetal weight estimated by the 2D model was 3478 ± 467 g, and the MPE was 3.2 ± 8.9. The average fetal weights estimated by AVol and TVol of the 3D model were 3268 ± 467 g and 3250 ± 485 g, respectively, and the MPEs were -3.3 ± 6.6 and -3.9 ± 6.1, respectively. For the 3D TVol model, the proportion of fetuses with estimated error ≤ 5% was significantly higher than that of the 2D model (55.4% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.05). For fetuses with a birth weight < 3500 g, the accuracy of the AVol and TVol models were better than the 2D model (-0.8 vs. 7.0 and -2.8 vs. 7.0, both p < 0.05). Moreover, for these fetus, the proportions of estimated error ≤ 5% of the AVol and TVol models were 58.1% and 64.5%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the 2D model (19.4%) (both p < 0.05). The consistency of different examiners measuring fetal AVol and TVol were satisfactory,with the intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.921 and 0.963, respectively.Conclusion: In this cohort,the automated 3D fractional limb volume model improves the accuracy of weight estimation in most third-trimester fetuses. In particular, the 3D model estimation accuracy for fetuses with weight < 3500 g is significantly higher than that of the traditional 2D model.
Active constituents and Molecular Analysis of Psidium guajava Against Multiple Protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fadilah Fadilah , Erlina Linda , Paramita Rafika Indah , Istiadi Khaerunissa Anbar , Handayani Raden Rara Diah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization has become the present wellbeing worry to the whole world. The latest development of COVID-19 spread in Indonesia has reached 1.024.298 cases, with 28.855 patients died, updated on January 28, 2021. Unfortunately, these numbers continue to overgrow, and no drug has yet been approved for effective treatment. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications and explore the potential of Indonesian herbal compounds. Ministry of Health Indonesia stated that Psidium guajava can be use as daily nutritional supplement during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the potential active constituents in Psidium guajava as an inhibitor for multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins using molecular analysis.
Methods

Molecular docking was performed by using Autodocktools 1.5.6. We performed a structure-based virtual screening of fourteen 3D structure of Psidium guajava compounds, three antivirals (lopinavir, remdesivir, and ritonavir) against multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We download the main protease (3CLPro), Papain Like Protease (PL Pro), MPro, Spike and ACE2 as protein target from human against from Protein Data Bank (PDB). We used PyMOL to analyse the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 14 compounds from Psidium guajava and three antiviral (lopinavir, remdesivir and ritonavir) used as positive control.
Results

Based on the molecular docking analysis, it was found there are two potential compounds that showed higher binding affinity score namely gamma sitosterol and peri-xanthenoxanthene-4,10-dione,2,8-bis (1-methylethyl).
Conclusions

Gamma sitosterol and peri-xanthenoxanthene-4,10-dione,2,8-bis (1-methylethyl) from Psidium guajava have potential as antiviral candidates for SARS-CoV-2 multiple proteins such as main protease (3CLPro), Papain Like Protease (PL Pro), MPro, Spike and ACE2.
Sero-prevalence and risk factors for sheeppox in Kordofan states in Sudan
Authors: Manosur Mohammed , Abdelazeem Fatima , Manan Abdelmhmoud Ata , Bowden Timothy , Asfaw Yilkal , Zessin Karl-Hans , Babiuk Shawn , Baumann Maximillian , Abdellah Taj Eldien , Elfadil Abdelhamid , Ayelet Gelagay , Mansour Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Sheeppox and goatpox are viral diseases of sheep and goats causing high morbidity and mortality leading to large economic losses for producers. The viruses are transmitted primarily through direct contact between infected animals. Understanding the sero-prevalence, risk factors and producers knowledge of the disease is critical for implementation of control strategies.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 using a virus neutralization test (VNT) and ELISA. The serology data was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan.Results The estimated overall sero-prevalence of sheeppox in the Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 64% respectively. However, the seroprevalence determined using ELISA of sheeppox in South and North Kordofan states was 33% and 15% respectively. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. The questionnaire revealed that both nomadic and permanent farmers were generally aware of sheeppox as a disease, but most did not have a complete understanding of the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.Conclusions This study illustrates the disease burden of sheeppox in Sudan and demonstrates that for sero- surveillance, VNT is a more sensitive method compared to ELISA for detecting previously infected animals. Further education of producers of the disease and important of vaccination is required to control the disease.
MRI features in foetal microtia
Authors: Mu Can , Peng Song , Yu Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Atresia of the external auditory canal is positively correlated with the difficulty and success rate of operation after birth. At present, ultrasound screening often obtains images of body position, placenta and amniotic fluid, and the detection rate is low. Moreover, it is unable to evaluate whether the external auditory canal shows atresia. Methods: We retrospectively conducted MRI features of 9 cases those were diagnosed foetal microtia from May. 2019 to Oct. 2020. Results: Nine cases of microtia foetus were analysed: male, five cases; female, four cases; right ear, five cases; left ear, four cases; and degree I, one case (bilateral external auditory canal is shown); degree II, eight cases (affected external auditory canal is not shown, six cases of normal external auditory canal shown, two cases of normal external auditory canal not shown). All parturients underwent amniocentesis full exon gene detection, of which the results were negative. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of microtia, included abnormal external ear morphology, disappearance of normal structure, mass-like and small piece-like soft tissue shadow and equal signal on T2-weighted (T2W) imaging. The upper and lower diameters were significantly smaller than that of the normal side. The MRI features of external auditory canal atresia included disappearance of T2W linear high signal shadow in the temporal bone scale. Conclusions: Foetal MRI can diagnose microtia and evaluate atresia of the external auditory canal.
Multiple genes confer anthracnose resistance in French bean accessions of Garhwal Himalayas
Authors: Prabha Deepti , Chamoli Navneeti , Negi Yogesh Kumar , Chauhan J S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Indian Himalayan region is very rich in the genetic variability of French bean and therefore considered as the secondary centre of origin of French bean. Though, a good diversity of French bean is present in Uttarakhand hills of Western Himalaya but it is almost unexplored yet. Unfortunately, French bean is attacked by some of the phytopathogens those cause heavy crop losses. Colletotrichum lindemuthianu (Sacc. & Magnus) Scrib is one of the sever pathogens that causes anthracnose disease in French bean worldwide. Identification or development of a resistant variety/cultivar is an environmentally safe approach. Diversity analysis of anthracnose resistant loci in common bean is important to identify new sources of resistance gene(s). So the study was designed with the objectives to collect and screen the local accessions of French bean from Garhwal hills for anthracnose resistance. A total of 100 accessions were collected from 6 different districts of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand and all were screened for anthracnose resistance. For this, 13 SCAR (Sequence cleaved amplified region) primers specific to anthracnose resistance were used in this study. Results revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the population for anthracnose resistance loci. Gene diversity ranged from 0.354 to 0.499 with a mean of 0.457. Pair wise genetic distance ranged from 0 to 2.236. The accessions were also screened for anthracnose resistance under field and polyhouse conditions. There was a moderate correlation (R = 0.56) between field trial and trial under controlled condition. Thirteen of these accessions possessing two genes (Co-10 and Co-42) showed complete resistance for anthracnose disease under field and polyhouse conditions. The anthracnose resistant accessions may further be used in future breeding programmes to develop new and more resistant varieties of French bean against anthracnose disease.
Geospatial Analysis and Mapping Strategies for Fine Grained and Detailed COVID-19 Data With Geographic Information Systems
Authors: CARBALLADA ÁNGEL MIRAMONTES , BALSA-BARREIRO JOSE 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The CoVID-19 pandemic is showing a dramatic impact across the world. To the tragedy of the loss of human lives, we must add the great uncertainty that the new coronavirus is causing to our lives. Governments and public health authorities must be able to respond this emergency by taking the appropriate decisions for minimizing the impact of the virus. In the absence of an immediate solution, governments have concentrated their efforts on adopting non-pharmaceutical interventions for restricting the mobility of people and reducing the social contact. Health authorities are publishing most of data for supporting their interventions and policies. The geographic location of the cases is a vital information with exceptional value for analysing the spatio-temporal behaviour of the virus, doing feasible to anticipate potential outbreaks and to elaborate predictive risk mapping. In fact, a great number of media reports, research papers, and web-browsers have presented the COVID-19 disease spreading by using maps. However, processing and visualization of this sort of data presents some aspects that must be carefully reviewed. Based on our experience with fine-grained and detailed data related to COVID-19 in a Spanish region, we present a bunch of mapping strategies and good practices using geospatial tools. The ultimate goal is create appropriate maps at any spatial scale while avoiding conflicts with data such as those related to patients’ privacy.
Evaluation of Sacrum Morphology in Patient with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip for Iliosacral Screw Fixation
Authors: Karahan Nazım , Oztermeli Ahmet , Aktan Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in terms of sacroiliac anatomy to proper placement of iliosacral screws. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography (CT) records of 96 patients who were referred to our clinic. We mainly divided the patients into 2 groups; the iliosacral joint on the same side with DDH evaluated in the DDH group and on the contralateral side with DDH evaluated in the control group. The presence of the five qualitative characteristics of sacral dysplasia evaluated according to Route in both groups. The DDH group divided into three subgroups according to Hartofilakidis and Rout classifications. The cross-sectional area, length of the osseous corridor, coronal and vertical angulation evaluated in both groups. Results: Sacral dysplasia observed %87.5 in the DDH group,%83.3 in the control groups. The DDH group also exhibited a significantly lower S1 cross-sectional area and S1 iliosacral screw length than the control group (p:0.018,p:0,027; respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed according to Hartofilakidis(p>0.05). According to Rout, the S1 iliosacral screw length of the normal and transient groups were found to be significantly higher than those of the dysplastic groups (p: 0.004, p:0.0001; respectively). The transient group also exhibited a significantly lower S1 iliosacral screw length than the normal group (p:0.001). There were no significant differences in S1 and S2 axial and coronal angulation, S2 cross-sectional area, S2 iliosacral screw length in the DDH groups (p>0.05) Conclusion: When iliosacral screw is planned for patients with unilateral DDH, surgeons should consider that there are high rates of dysplastic sacral changes, differences in S1 cross sectional area and iliosacral screw length compared to the opposite side, and asymmetric sacral dysplastic changes in the upper sacrum.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Homebound Progression Among Those With and Without Dementia in a Longitudinal Survey of Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Yang Mia , Pajewski Nicholas , Espeland Mark , Easterling Douglas , Williamson Jeff D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Being homebound is independently associated with increased mortality but the homebound population is heterogeneous. In order to improve precision medicine, we analyzed potentially modifiable factors that contribute to homebound progression (from independent to needing assistance, to homebound), stratified by dementia status. METHODS: Using National Aging and Trends Survey (NHATS), a nationally-representative, longitudinal annual survey from 2011 to 2017 (n=11,528), we categorized homebound progression if one transitioned from independent or needing assistance to homebound, including competing risks of institutionalization or death between 2011 and last year of data available for each unique respondent. Using proportional hazards regression, we calculated hazard ratios of potentially modifiable risk factors on homebound progression. RESULTS: Depression, mobility impairment, and pain increased risk of homebound progression regardless of dementia status. Social isolation increased risk of homebound progression only among those without dementia at baseline. CONCLUSION: Future care and research should focus on the treatment of depression, mobility, and pain to potentially delay progression to homebound status.
The Results of Orthopaedic Medical Examinations in Adolescent Amateur Weightlifters
Authors: Yokoe Takuji , Tajima Takuya , Yamaguchi Nami , Nagasawa Makoto , Ota Tomomi , Morita Yudai , Kawagoe Shuichi , Chosa Etsuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Several studies have reported injuries and physical characteristics in adult elite weightlifters. However, few studies have evaluated such issues in adolescent amateur weightlifters. The purpose of this study was (1) to show the results of orthopaedic medical examinations in adolescent amateur weightlifters and (2) to evaluate the sexual differences in the obtained findings. Methods: The orthopaedic medical examinations had been performed cross-sectionally from 2012 to 2019, and the findings in young weightlifters were retrospectively evaluated. The orthopaedic medical examination included six assessments (physical examinations, generalized joint laxity, muscle and joint tightness, static alignment, muscle volume of the lower extremities, and medial longitudinal arch of the foot). A questionnaire survey regarding pain in the spine and lower extremities was also performed. Results: A total of 99 adolescent weightlifters were included (71 males and 28 females; mean age, 16.2 ± 0.2 years). A total of 9.1% of adolescent amateur weightlifters had received orthopaedic treatments, with spine injuries the most prevalent. Of the adolescent weightlifters who had not received orthopaedic treatments, 31.1% had pain in the spine or lower extremities (for > 4 weeks), accompanied with positive findings on physical examinations. There were no significant sexual differences in the incidence of pain or positive findings of physical examinations. Female weightlifters had a more reduced dorsiflexion of the ankle joint than male weightlifters (9.4 ± 1.9° vs. 14.7 ± 1.1°, p = 0.02). Male weightlifters had a significantly lower flexibility of the quadriceps than female weightlifters.Conclusions: More than one-third of adolescent competitive weightlifters had pain or positive findings of physical examinations in the spine or lower extremities. The results of orthopaedic medical examinations in this study may help clinicians and young weightlifters to prevent injuries in competitive weightlifting.
Fixed-time Leader-Following Formation Control of AUVs Without Velocity Measurements
Authors: Gao Zhenyu , Zhang Yi , Guo Ge 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with formation control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), focusing on improving system convergence speed and overcoming velocity measurement limitation. By employing the fixed-time control theory and command filtering technique, a full state feedback formation algorithm is proposed, which makes the follower AUV track the leader in a given time with all signals in the system globally practically stabilized in fixed time. To avoid degraded control performance due to inaccurate velocity measurement, a fixed-time convergent observer is designed to estimate the velocity of AUVs. We then give an observer-based fixed-time control method, with which acceptable formation tracking performance can be achieved in fixed time without velocity measurement. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Magnetic Immobilization of Dispersin B with Activity in Degradation of Bacterial Biofilm
Authors: Liu Zewen , Zhao Zisong , Zeng Kai , Xia Yue , Xu Weihua , Wang Ruoyu , Guo Junhui , Xie Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dispersin B (DspB) is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20) and catalyzes degradation of biofilms forming by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Magnetoreceptor (MagR) is a magnetic protein that can be used as a fusion partner for functionally immobilizing proteins on magnetic surfaces. In the present study, a recombinant protein DspB-MagR was constructed by fusing MagR to the C-terminus of DspB and expressed in Escherichia coli. Magnetic immobilization of purified DspB-MagR on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was achieved and characterized by means of various techniques including SDS-PAGE, FTIR spectrometry, TGA measurements, zeta potential measurement, and SEM analysis. Stability and activity of immobilized DspB-MagR on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were analyzed under different conditions such as temperature, pH, and storage time. Removal of biofilms forming by Staphylococcus aureus and other medical source bacterial species were achieved by using Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles loading with DspB-MagR. This work promoted potential applications of DspB and similar enzymes for medical purposes.
Biomarkers of Auricular Stimulation - Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Hua Kevin , Cummings Mike , Brinkhaus Benno , Usichenko Taras , Dietzel Joanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The number of randomized controlled trials using auricular stimulation (AS) such as transauricular vagus nerve stimulation, or auricular electrostimulation or auricular acupuncture or acupressure, in experimental and clinical settings has increased markedly over the last three decades. Various clinical scores and self-reported outcomes are used as primary outcome measures to evaluate the effects of AS; they have been already analysed in an array of systematic reviews. But regarding the effect of AS on objective, physiological measures (biomarkers), for example blood values, heart rate, electrophysiological measurements and brain imaging, a systematic analysis is missing. This systematic review protocol was developed following the PRISMA guidelines to explore and evaluate for the first time the existing literature examining the impact of AS on biomarkers in randomized controlled trials as reported in their primary or secondary outcomes. Methods and analysis: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, and Scopus Database. RCTs will be included if an abstract is available in English. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by two reviewers independently. Quality and risk assessment of included studies will be done using the Cochrane 6.1.0 handbook criteria and RoB 2 tool and meta-analysis of the effect of the most frequently assessed biomarkers will be conducted using the statistical software RevMan V.5.3.Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review will evaluate the effect of AS and related techniques on various blood values and physiological measures. Since all data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis will have been published, this review does not require an ethical approval. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal as well as presented in relevant conferences.Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42021231885