bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn‘s disease
Authors: Reshetnikov M. N. , Plotkin D. V. , Zyuzya Yu. R. , Volkov A. A. , Zuban O. N. , Bogorodskaya E. M. 
Published: November 2021

The differential diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease is a difficult task for most specialists due to their high similarity in clinical manifestations, instrumental diagnosis and histological pattern.The aim: to consider the clinical and diagnostic features of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease, to show the role of various methods of their diagnosis (CT of the abdominal cavity, CT-enterography, colonoscopy with biopsy).A clinical example shows a case illustrating the difficulties of diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis, initially diagnosed as Crohn’s disease. The features of the course, complex diagnosis and treatment of intestinal tuberculosis and its complications during immunosuppression are demonstrated. At the first stage of treatment, the patient’s data related to CT of the chest organs, colonoscopy and histological examination of biopsy samples were incorrectly interpreted. As a result, a wrong diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was made, and immunosuppressive therapy was prescribed that provoked a generalization of the existing tuberculosis process. Subsequently, repeated surgical interventions were performed for complications of intestinal tuberculosis – perforation of tuberculous ulcers, peritonitis. Based on the analysis of the literature data and our own observation, it is shown that granulomatous inflammation in the study of intestinal biopsies doesn’t always allow us to make a clear diagnosis, first of all, there are intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease in the differential diagnostic series. The use of histobacterioscopy according to Ziehl – Neelsen, the study of fecal matter by luminescent microscopy, as well as molecular genetic methods for detecting DNA MTB allow us to verify the diagnosis. If Crohn’s disease is misdiagnosed as intestinal tuberculosis, then the prescribed anti-tuberculosis therapy can cause harm and lead to a delay in the underlying disease treatment. The reverse misdiagnosis is potentially more dangerous: if tuberculosis is misdiagnosed as Crohn’s disease, then the appointment of immunosuppressive therapy can lead to the generalization of tuberculosis and the development of fatal complications.
Comparative evaluation of surgical methods for low invasive surgical treatment of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract
Authors: Ushakova O. A. , Suturin M. V. , Lobanov Yu. S. , Efimov A. V. , Vilsky G. I. 
Published: November 2021

Background. The rapid development of laparoscopic surgery can significantly reduce trauma during operations in the retroperitoneal space. These goals are also achieved by retroperitoneoscopy (RPS), which has become widespread in the last twenty years. The main difficulties for surgeons were associated with a small workspace and a lack of clear anatomical landmarks. Different access methods have different features, advantages and disadvantages, the analysis of which helps to optimize surgical treatment and accelerate patient rehabilitation.Aim: to study the advantages and disadvantages of retroperitoneoscopic and transperitoneal laparoscopic surgical methods of treatment.Materials and methods: We analyzed 305 case histories of patients operated on for various kidney diseases. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 – patients who underwent surgery using an extraperitoneal retroperitoneoscopic approach, Group 2 – patients who used the transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. A comparison of two methods of surgical treatment of kidney diseases, retroperitoneoscopic and laparoscopic access, was carried out. The following indicators were compared: duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, need for analgesics, frequency of postoperative complications.Results. The duration of the operation with retroperitoneoscopic surgery was reduced by more than 15 % compared with the laparoscopic approach. Shorter periods of pain relief were required, and the number of complications also decreased. The duration of inpatient treatment did not differ significantly.Conclusion. Retroperitoneoscopic approach can be used as the method of choice for operations on the retroperitoneal space.
Efficiency of human plague vaccination in tuvinian natural plague focus. Message 2: dynamics of immune status indicators after revaccination
Authors: Korytov K. M. , Dubrovina V. I. , Voytkova V. V. , Pyatidesyatnikova A. B. , Glushkov E. A. , Akimova I. S. , Ondar N. V. , Salchak L. K. , Saydy A. A. , Orteney Yu. K. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: November 2021

Relevance. In Russia, the live plague vaccine (LPV) is used for specific prophylaxis of plague. Immunological monitoring of humans vaccinated by LPV in order to search for informative diagnostic markers, as well as to improve the tactics of epidemiological surveillance of plague enzootic territories is an urgent area of research.The aim is to assess the parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in humans revaccinated by LPV who permanently reside on territory of the Tuvinian natural plague focus.Materials and methods. The study involved 76 volunteers from the Republic of Tuva, revaccinated by LPV. Blood sampling was performed before vaccination and 1, 3, and 6 months after revaccination. The study included the determination of cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α), specific antibodies, immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) and lymphocyte subpopulation composition (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, immunoregulatory index).Results. A decrease in IgG and IgM and an increase in IgA were found after vaccination with LPV and their increase after revaccination. Correlation relationships were revealed between immunoglobulins, B cells and IL-4. Revaccination leads to an increase seroconversion. The activation of humoral immunity in humans vaccinated against plague is also evidenced by dynamics of changes in the subpopulation composition: an increase in B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells, a decrease in T-helpers and immunoregulatory index, and cellular immunity stimulation is an increase in spontaneous and induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Conclusion. It has been shown that LPV is capable of causing the body’s immune restructuring and activating the cellular and humoral mechanisms of immunological protection. For a complete understanding of the development and preservation of antiplague immunity, it is necessary to continue the annual immunological monitoring of the population living on the territory of the Tuvinian natural plague focus, using additional modern research methods.
Assessment of the prospect for the use of colloidal silver nanoparticles for inactivation of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Bogacheva N. V. , Khasanshina Z. R. , Tuneva N. A. 
Published: November 2021

Background. The growth of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, a microorganism significant in the development of gastrointestinal diseases and inflammatory periodontal diseases, makes us think about the search for new approaches to the eradication of the microorganism. One solution to this problem may be to develop immunobiological preparations based on microorganisms inactivated with colloidal silver nanoparticles (CSNPs).The aim. To evaluate the inactivating ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo with respect to H. pylori to determine the possibility of their use in the development of a specific immunobiological preparation.Materials and methods. The study design consisted in sequential execution of the steps of synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles with an assessment of the conditionality of the prepared preparations; isolating and identifying pure H. pylori culture; inactivation of H. pylori by synthesized silver nanoparticles; evaluation of the result of H. pylori inactivation in vitro and in vivo.Results. The conditionality of the synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles of size 30 ± 3 nm, obtained using a step-by-step technique, was estimated by electron microscopy. Testing the inactivating activity of CSNPs on H. pylori showed that their effect on the culture for 3 hours at a ratio of volumes of CSNPs and 1:1 culture leads to a gradual decrease in the concentration of the microorganism until its complete death and lack of growth on the fifth passage. During the evaluation of the effect of CSNPs on H. pylori, it was shown that the inactivated culture retains its cultural and tinctorial properties; alters morphological properties and biochemical activity; becomes more sensitive to antibiotics and L. acidophilus; ceases to establish in the body of mice with an immunosuppression condition.Conclusions. Proposed method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles with proven inactivating activity against H. pylori can become a stage of biotechnological process of development of vaccine preparation both on the basis of given microorganism and in complex with CSNPs possessing multilevel antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and immunomodulating activity.
Morphofunctional changes in the tissue of the brain, liver and kidneys of white rats under the influence of selenium nanocomposite encapsulated in the polymer matrix of arabinogalactan
Authors: Titov E. A. , Rukavishnikov V. S. , Sosedova L. M. , Novikov M. A. , Buynova E. V. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Due to their high biocompatibility, substances based on nanosized selenium particles, encapsulated in natural or synthetic polymer matrices, are promising materials for the creation of biomedical preparations of diagnostic and therapeutic value. Selenium nanoparticles are successfully used in the diagnosis of various types of cancer. In addition to the diagnostic value, selenium nanoparticles have their own prophylactic and oncological effect. This paper presents the results of a study of the toxicity of the Se nanocomposite encapsulated in the polymer matrix of arabinogalactan (SeAG). The emergence and development of the pathological process in the tissue of the brain, liver and kidneys during subacute administration of this nanocomposite was studied.Materials and methods. Twenty white outbred male rats weighing 200–220 g were used in the work. Animals were orally administered a solution of the selenium nanocomposite at a dose of 500 μg per kilogram of animal body weight for 10 days. Then, using the methods of histological analysis, the severity of the biological response of the organism to the introduction of this nanocomposite was assessed. An analysis of the state of the tissue of the liver, kidneys and the sensorimotor cortex of the brain was carried out.Results. With the intragastric administration of this drug, there is stasis of blood in the portal tracts, a pronounced macrophage reaction and diapedesis of leukocytes in the liver tissue. There is a decrease in the number of normal neurons per unit area, a decrease in the number of astroglia cells and an increase in the number of degeneratively altered neurons in the tissue of the sensorimotor cortex. There is also an increase in connective tissue in the cortex of the kidney, with the formation of fibrosis and a decrease in the area of the Shumlyansky – Bowman capsule.Conclusion. The effect of the investigated nanocomposite is characterized by the development of a pronounced pathological process in the central nervous and hepatorenal systems of the body.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
Authors: Кудрявицкая Алина 
Published: November 2021

У статті наведені результати досліджень з вивчення ефективності застосування мінеральних добрив на фоні післядії 30 т/га гною на урожай і якість зерна ярої пшениці.
Calculating the cohesion and internal friction angle of volcanic rocks and rock masses
Authors: Villeneuve Marlène C. , Heap Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

Rock failure criteria are key input parameters for models designed to better understand the stability of volcanic rock masses. Cohesion and friction angle are the two defining material variables for the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Although these can be determined from laboratory deformation experiments, they are rarely reported. Tabulated data for volcanic rocks, calculated using published triaxial results, show that cohesion and friction angle decrease with increasing porosity. If porosity is known, these empirical fits can provide laboratory-scale cohesion and friction angle estimations. We present a method to upscale these parameters using the generalised Hoek-Brown failure criterion, discuss the considerations and assumptions associated with the upscaling, and provide recommendations for potential end-users. A spreadsheet is provided so that modellers can (1) estimate cohesion and friction angle and (2) upscale these values for use in large-scale volcano modelling. Better constrained input parameters will increase the accuracy of large-scale volcano stability models.
Financial sustainability as a factor of forming fiscal space of local budgets
Authors: Bondaruk Taisiya H. , Bondaruk Igor S. , Dubyna Maksym V. 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the research is to deepen the theoretical foundations of financial stability as a factor in shaping the fiscal space of local budgets and substantiate the methodological tools for assessing the financial stability of local budgets of Ukraine in the medium and long term. Methods. The following research methods were used in analysing the problem: induction, deduction, system approach, statistical analysis, logical generalization, graphical method. Results. Fiscal extension gives the opportunities to local authorities to obtain and use extra budget resources for achieving the goal taking into account the restrictions caused by the necessity to maintain the financial sustainability in mid- and long-term periods. A methodological toolkit for assessing the financial sustainability of local budgets in mid- and long-term periods is proposed. The complex of arguments for the appropriate applying of the estimation of financial sustainability of local budgets in the national practice using the methodology of the European Commission in the mid-term period is given. It is substantiated that the development of strategic directions for ensuring the long-term financial sustainability of local budgets in Ukraine should take place with the use of foresight. It is substantiated that the fiscal space provides opportunities for local governments to obtain and use extra budgetary resources to achieve a certain goal, taking into account the constraints due to the need to maintain financial stability in the medium- and long-term periods. Methodical tools for assessing the financial stability of local budgets in the medium- and long-term periods are proposed. A set of arguments on the expediency of applying the methodology of the European Commission in the medium-term period in the native practice of calculating the financial stability of local budgets is presented. It is substantiated that the development of strategic directions to ensure long-term financial stability of local budgets of Ukraine should take place using foresight. Practical meaning. The practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of using methodological tools to assess the effectiveness of local budget sustainability management by state and local authorities in developing and making management decisions to regulate the level of financial stability of local budgets. Prospects for further research. The formation of theoretical foundations of financial stability as a factor in the formation of the fiscal space of local budgets and substantiation of methodological tools for their assessment in the medium and long term periods confirms the need for further scientific substantiation of strategic directions of long-term financial stability of local budgets in Ukraine under the condition of decentralization.
Anania Sanahnetsi. On the Council of Chalcedon
Authors: Рамазян Георгий 
Published: November 2021

В настоящей статье вниманию читателя предлагается перевод малоизвестного древнеармянского текста «О Халкидонском Соборе», который является одной из 15¬и глав (или слов) большого вероучительного произведения автора XI в. Анании Санахнеци - «Слова возражения против диофизитов». Данное произведение является одним из важнейших источников армяно-византийской богословской полемики XI в., его основная тема - защита главных вероучительных особенностей Армянской Церкви и попытка убедить своего православного оппонента в ненужности и непопулярности учения Халкидонского Собора.
In this article is presented a translation of a little-known text in Classical Armenian «On the Council of Chalcedon», which is one of 15 chapters of a large doctrinal work of Anania Sanahnetsi, an author of the 11th century, «Words of objection against the Diphysites». This work is one of the most important sources of the Armenian-Byzantine theological polemics of the 11 th century, its main theme is the defense of the main doctrinal features of the Armenian Church and an attempt to convince its Orthodox opponent of the uselessness and unpopularity of the teachings of the Council of Chalcedon.
Arnobius the Younger and His Works
Authors: Трофимов Пётр Сергеевич 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена Арнобию Младшему - латиноязычному церковному писателю V в. Приводится краткий обзор основных проблем реконструкции биографии Арнобия (вопросов о его происхождении, принадлежности к клиру, знании им греческого языка и участии в переводе посланий свт. Кирилла Александрийского на латинский язык). Даётся краткое описание всех его сохранившихся произведений и приписываемого сочинения с указанием изданий, основных сведений о времени и цели написания, главных идеях, особенностях богословских положений или экзегетических методов произведения. Арнобий Младший характеризуется как незаслуженно забытый выдающийся полемист и незаурядный экзегет, одно из творений которого, «Диспут с Серапионом», ярко раскрывает христологическое учение Церкви и достойно считаться частью православного Предания. Тем не менее, автор статьи разделяет взгляд новейших исследователей о принадлежности антиавгустиновского трактата «Praedestinatus» Арнобию и об осуждении последнего Римской церковью за «полупелагианские» взгляды.
The article is dedicated to Arnobius the Younger, a Latin writer of the 5th century. Is given a brief overview of the main problems of reconstruction of the biography of Arnobius (questions about his origin, belonging to the clergy, his knowledge of the Greek language and participation in the translation of the epistles of St. Cyril of Alexandria into Latin). Briefly describe all his surviving works and the attributed work is given, indicating the editions, basic information about the time and purpose of writing, the main ideas, features of theological provisions or exegetical methods of the work. Arnobius the Younger is characterized as an undeservedly forgotten outstanding polemicist and extraordinary exegete, one of whose work, «Dispute with Serapion», clearly reveals the Christological teaching of the Church and is worthy of being considered part of Orthodox Tradition. Nevertheless, the author of the article shares the view of the latest researchers about the belonging to Arnobius of the anti-Augustinian treatise «Praedestinatus» and about his condemnation by the Roman Church for «semi-Pelagian» views.
ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF AN INACCESSIBLE POINT OF AN OBJECT
Authors: Brailov Aleksandr , Panchenko Vitaliy 
Published: November 2021

In the present research the optimizing approach to the determination of the parameters of an inaccessible point of an object is developed. The common issues are revealed and essential steps of their resolution are identified.
The essence of the problem is an objective contradiction between a requirement for the location of points A and B of the centers of the sighting tubes of optical devices in the same horizontal plane P1 and the lack of a real possibility to perform such to achieve this an identical one-level arrangement without error.
The aim of the study is to develop strategies for determining the position of an inaccessible point of an object in the minimum domain between intersecting sighting rays as well as an adaptive algorithm for determining the values of the parameters of an inaccessible point under the given absolute and relative errors.
To achieve this aim, the following problems are formulated and solved in the paper: 1. Develop strategies for determining the position of the inaccessible point of the object in the minimum domain between the intersecting sighting rays. 2. Develop an adaptive algorithm for determining the values of the parameters of an inaccessible point based on the specified absolute and relative errors.
In the proposed optimizing approach, the three-dimensional geometrical model with crossed directional rays for the determination of coordinates of the inaccessible point of an object is developed. It is discussed that points С and C', coordinated of which to be determined, locates in domain [CDM, CEM], [C'D'M, C'E'M] of the minimum distance ρmin between crossed directional rays.
The optimizing problem of the determination of coordinates of an inaccessible point of an object in space is reduced to a problem of the determination of the minimum distance between two crossed directional rays.
It’s known from the theory of function of multiple variables that function ρ = f (tC'D', tC'E') reaches its extremum ρmin when its partial derivatives by each variable are equal to zero.
Three strategies for selecting the position of the inaccessible point C (xC, yC, zC) in the found minimum region [CDM, CEM] are proposed. The required point C' (xC', yC', zC') can be located, for example, in the middle of the minimum segment [C'D'M, C'E'M].
The essence of the adaptive algorithm is in optimizing the variation of the initial values of data α, α', β, γ, γ', AB, at which the absolute and relative errors of the coordinates of the inaccessible point satisfy the error values set by the customer (0.0001-1.2%)
The proposed approach is verified using real experimental data.
The Production and characterization of Polyclonal Antibodies Against Interferon Alpha in Mice
Authors: Fatima Mehreen , Khalid Fatima , Quraishi Azra 
Published: November 2021

The polyclonal antibodies are used extensively for research purposes in many areas of biology, such as immunoprecipitation, histochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), diagnosis of disease and western blots. Typically, an animal’s immune system will generate a large group of antibodies that recognize several epitopes of a particular antigen. Interferon alpha plays an important role in immune response activation and therefore is of interest in studies related to autoimmune diseases. In this paper the production of antibodies against interferon was studied in order to quantify interferon production to analyze interferon levels in autoimmune disorders in the future. For the antibody production, one month old laboratory grade mice were injected with interferon alpha in combination with a Freund’s complete adjuvant for a course of five weeks after which the antibodies were obtained in mouse serum. Confirmation of the production of anti-interferon alpha antibodies was carried out by the Elisa, immune dot blot and western blot analysis. An interferon alpha of approximately 20.5-21.5 KDa was detected in immunedot blot test. These antibodies may be produced in these mouse models commercially and could be used in future for treatment of autoimmune diseases by managing the interferon levels in the patients.
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