bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term macrolide treatment for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Eun , Sol In Suk , Kim Jong Deok , Yang Hyeon-Jong , Min Taek Ki , Jang Gwang Cheon , Hwang Yoon Ha , Cho Hyun-Ju , Suh Dong In , Kim Kyunghoon , Kim Hwan Soo , Kim Yoon Hee , Woo Sung Il , Lee Yong Ju , Jung Sungsu , Jeon You Hoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecurrent bacterial infection causes frequent bronchiectasis (BE) exacerbations. The effectiveness and safety of long-term administration of macrolides in BE remain controversial, especially in children who require minimal treatment to prevent exacerbation. We conducted this meta-analysis to determine the usefulness of long-term macrolide use in pediatric BE. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, Embase, KoreaMed, Igaku Chuo Zasshi, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which elucidated long-term macrolide treatment (≥ 4 weeks) in non-cystic fibrosis BE in children aged < 18 years. The primary outcome was frequency of acute exacerbation; secondary outcomes included changes in pulmonary function, sputum scores, and adverse events including bacterial resistance. We included four RCTs. Long-term macrolide treatment showed a significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbation (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.87), mean number of exacerbations per patient (mean difference, − 1.40; 95% CI, − 2.26 to − 0.54), and sputum purulence score (mean difference, − 0.78; 95% CI, − 1.32 to − 0.24). However, long-term macrolide treatment was accompanied by an increased carriage of azithromycin-resistant bacteria (OR, 7.13). Long-term macrolide administration prevents exacerbation of BE in children; however, there are risks of increasing antibiotic resistance. Benefits and risks should be weighed and determined on a patient-by-patient basis.
Insulin signalling in tanycytes gates hypothalamic insulin uptake and regulation of AgRP neuron activity
Authors: Porniece Kumar Marta , Cremer Anna Lena , Klemm Paul , Steuernagel Lukas , Sundaram Sivaraj , Jais Alexander , Hausen A. Christine , Tao Jenkang , Secher Anna , Pedersen Thomas Åskov , Schwaninger Markus , Wunderlich F. Thomas , Lowell Bradford B. , Backes Heiko , Brüning Jens C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsulin acts on neurons and glial cells to regulate systemic glucose metabolism and feeding. However, the mechanisms of insulin access in discrete brain regions are incompletely defined. Here we show that insulin receptors in tanycytes, but not in brain endothelial cells, are required to regulate insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Mice lacking insulin receptors in tanycytes (IR∆Tan mice) exhibit systemic insulin resistance, while displaying normal food intake and energy expenditure. Tanycytic insulin receptors are also necessary for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin, but not for the anorexic effects of leptin. IR∆Tan mice exhibit increased agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuronal activity, while displaying blunted AgRP neuronal adaptations to feeding-related stimuli. Lastly, a highly palatable food decreases tanycytic and arcuate nucleus insulin signalling to levels comparable to those seen in IR∆Tan mice. These changes are rooted in modifications of cellular stress responses and of mitochondrial protein quality control in tanycytes. Conclusively, we reveal a critical role of tanycyte insulin receptors in gating feeding-state-dependent regulation of AgRP neurons and systemic insulin sensitivity, and show that insulin resistance in tanycytes contributes to the pleiotropic manifestations of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Creation of stable water-free antibody based protein liquids
Authors: Slocik Joseph M. , Dennis Patrick B. , Kuang Zhifeng , Pelton Anthony , Naik Rajesh R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntibodies represent highly specific and high binding affinity biomolecular recognition elements for diagnostic assays, biosensors, and therapeutics, but are sensitive to denaturation and degradation. Consequently, the combination of existing in a hydrated state with a large and complex biomolecular structure results in loss of antibody-antigen binding, limited shelf-life, and decreased sensor response over time and under non-optimal conditions. The development and use of water-free protein liquids has led to stabilization of labile biomolecules, solvents for biotransformation reactions, and formation of new bio-composites with incompatible materials. Here, we exploit the polycationic nature of modified antibodies and their ability to form ion pairs for the conversion of primary Immunoglobulin G antibodies into stable protein liquids that retained more than 60% binding activity after repeated heating up to 125 °C, and demonstrate compatibility with thermoplastics.
Galactic magnetic X fields
Authors: Henriksen R. N. 
Published: December 2021

Aims. Or aim in this note is to compare a recent explanation of the galactic X pattern in Faraday rotation to the pattern produced by the advection part of the classical dynamo.
Methods. We find that the characteristic X magnetic field polarization in the plane of the sky, found in edge-on spiral galaxies, can develop magnetohydromagnetically from an initial disk magnetic field combined with wind and rotation. The rotation measure develops a corresponding X distribution in sign, but this distribution is not a universal behavior because it depends primarily on the velocity field. We use Cauchy evolution of an initial magnetic field to find the field at some later time.
Results. A battery mechanism that requires the current to always flow out of a galaxy has been recently suggested. This contrasts with the conclusions of this paper.
Conclusions. Either explanation has significant consequences for the structure of a spiral galaxy. If the battery mechanism applies, then we have a new method of producing a magnetic field independent of the traditional dynamo. If, however, the flow mechanism applies, then constraints concerning the presence and nature of a galactic wind, together with the signature of the mean radial magnetic field, can be inferred.
Physical properties of a fan-shaped jet backlit by an X9.3 flare
Authors: Pietrow A. G. M. , Druett M. K. , de la Cruz Rodriguez J. , Calvo F. , Kiselman D. 
Published: December 2021

Context.Fan-shaped jets sometimes form above light bridges and are believed to be driven by the reconnection of the vertical umbral field with the more horizontal field above the light bridges. Because these jets are not fully opaque in the wings of most chromospheric lines, it is not possible to study their spectra without highly complex considerations of radiative transfer in spectral lines from the atmosphere behind the fan.Aims.We take advantage of a unique set of observations of the Hαline along with the Ca II8542 Å and Ca IIK lines obtained with the CRISP and CHROMIS instrument of the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope to study the physical properties of a fan-shaped jet that was backlit by an X9.3 flare. For what we believe to be the first time, we report an observationally derived estimate of the mass and density of material in a fan-shaped jet.Methods.The Hαflare ribbon emission profiles from behind the fan are highly broadened and flattened, allowing us to investigate the fan with a single slab via Beckers’ cloud model, as if it were backlit by a flat spectral profile of continuum emission. Using this model we derived the opacity and velocity of the material in the jet. Using inversions of Ca II8542 Å emission via the STockholm inversion Code, we were also able to estimate the temperature and to cross-check the velocity of the material in the jet. Finally, we used the masses and the plane-of-sky and line-of-sight velocities as functions of time to investigate the downward supply of energy and momentum to the photosphere in the collapse of this jet, and evaluated it as a potential driver for a sunquake beneath.Results.We find that the physical properties of the fan material are reasonably chromospheric in nature, with a temperature of 7050 ± 250 K and a mean density of 2 ± 0.3 × 10−11g cm−3.Conclusions.The total mass observed in Hαwas found to be 3.9 ± 0.7 × 1013g and the kinetic energy delivered to the base of the fan in its collapse was nearly two orders of magnitude below typical sunquake energies. We therefore rule out this jet as the sunquake driver, but cannot completely rule out larger fan jets as potential drivers.
Decay properties of the X(3872) through the Fierz rearrangement
Authors: Chen Hua-Xing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We systematically construct all the tetraquark currents of J

PC
= 1++ with the quark configurations

[
cq
]
[

c

¯

q

¯

]

,

[

c

¯

q
]
[

q

¯

c
]

, and

[

c

¯

c
]
[

q

¯

q
]

(q = u/d). Their relations are derived using the Fierz rearrangement of the Dirac and color indices, through which we study decay properties of the X(3872) under both the compact tetraquark and hadronic molecule interpretations. We conduct a search for the X(3872) → χ

c0
π, η

c

π
π, and χ

c1
π
π decay processes in particle experiments.
Effect of drawing and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel wire
Authors: Xu Qinhua , Zhu Jianxin , Zong Yong , Liu Lihua , Zhu Xiaoyong , Zhang Fuen , Luan Baifeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plastic deformation at room temperature, and the proceeding heat treatments, are important processes for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn 304 austenitic stainless steel wire were investigated after annealing at 700 °C and 800 °C, with different times (20, 40 and 60 min) and drawing strain (0.4, 1.0 and 1.5). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tests were performed in order to study the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during different annealing processes for the 304 austenitic stainless steel wire. The results showed that the quantity of α′ martensite and dislocations increased with an increase in the strain, which means that, while the ultimate tensile strength of the cold-drawn wires elevated, the elongation reduced. The mechanical properties of stainless steel wires also varied with the evolution of martensite transformation characteristics, density of stacking fault, dislocation and twin, as well as the recrystallization degree under various annealing conditions. The recrystallization temperature of steel wire was mainly determined by the magnitude of the strain, while the martensite reversal temperature was determined by the stacking fault energy and the deformation value. The temperature of recrystallization and martensite reverse in steel wire decreased with the increment of the strain. The balance of tensile strength and elongation of steel wire can be obtained by adopting the proper annealing process combined with cold-drawing deformation. In this paper, we showed that a good combination of strength and elongation in 304 austenitic stainless steel can be obtained with a strain of 1.5 annealed at 800 °C for 20 min.
Microstructures and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ME21/Mg laminated materials by accumulative roll bonding
Authors: Zhang Wanshun , Zhang Wenkai , Zhao Hongyang , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Ming , Ju Dongying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Laminated composite with multi-layer interfaces has better electromagnetic interference shielding performance, which has attracted great attention. In this work, magnesium matrix laminated structure materials were prepared through Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB). Microstructure, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of ME21/Mg laminated materials were investigated to understand the effect of layered structure and the change of microstructure on the electromagnetic shielding property. The results showed: the precipitated secondary phase and introduced interfaces could provide multiple reflections, attenuate the electromagnetic waves and improve the SE value. The electrical conductivity of 2-cycle increased to 21.04*106 S m−1, which was 17.74% higher than that of ME21 alloy, the intensity of texture of ME21 layer increased with the rolling passes, which contributed to the improvement of the electrical conductivity as well as the attenuation of reflection. The layered composite exhibited better shielding effectiveness compared with the ME21, in the 8.2–12.4 GHz test frequency, the SE was 98–107 dB. The shielding mechanism of layered materials was explained, which provided guiding for the efficient shielding of electromagnetic waves.
An alternative test method for the dual-port SRAM through the DesignWare SATA AHCI implementation in 3D IC structures
Authors: Patil Chandrashekhar V , Suma M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The conventional methods for testing the Dual Port Random Access Memories (DPRAM) may not be suitable for the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3D IC) structures, due to their limited test vectors with heterogeneous integration. This paper takes an Application Specific Integrated Chips (ASIC) approach to gain some insight into the Front-end behavioral testing and backend routability of the dual port memories with complex Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (Serial-ATA) design, in a 3D IC structure. The presented implementation used commercially available Dual Port memories from the two different vendors. The commercially available DesignWare Advanced Host Controller Interface (SATA/AHCI), which is based on the SATA 2.6 AHCI host and external SATA (eSATA) standard bus architecture, with My_foundry’s 14 nm low power process (14lp) technologies for the logical and physical implementations. The methodology evaluates the memory quality and performance/characteristics, in terms of timing, power and area. This paper shows memory testing in both implementation/verification in a readily built-up SATA test environment.
Tunable metallic-like transport in polypyrrole
Authors: Zang Xiaoling , Jiang Yuqian , Chai Yuqiao , Li Fengwang , Ji Junhui , Xue Mianqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs), organic macromolecules with a linear backbone of alternating C–C and C=C bonds, possess unique semiconductive properties, providing new opportunities for organic electronics, photonics, information, and energy devices. Seeking the metallic or metallic-like, even superconducting properties beyond semiconductivity in CPs is always one of the ultimate goals in polymer science and condensed matter. Only two metallic and semi-metallic transport cases—aniline-derived polyaniline and thiophene-derived poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)—have been reported since the development of CPs for four decades. Controllable synthesis is a key challenge in discovering more cases. Here we report the metallic-like transport behavior of another CP, polypyrrole (PPy). We observe that the transport behavior of PPy changes from semiconductor to insulator-metal transition, and gradually realizes metallic-like performance when the crystalline degree increases. Using a generalized Einstein relation model, we rationalized the mechanism behind the observation. The metallic-like transport in PPy demonstrates electron strong correlation and phonon–electron interaction in soft condensation matter, and may find practical applications of CPs in electrics and spintronics.
Raven’s Land: American Literary HistoryIn Medias Res
Authors: Rivett Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKnown in Western literature for an act of disobedience in Genesis 8.7, the raven became a “type of devil” in eighteenth-century theological writing and a “thing of evil” in Edgar Allan’s Poe’s titular poem. This essay unsettles European labels for the raven through a case study of a Tlingit bentwood box, taken from Alaska in the 1880s and now housed at the Princeton University Art Museum. For over one hundred years, the box has been displaced, but it demands reconsideration through the complexity of the Raven as creator and trickster in Tlingit oral literature. Tlingit raven stories reveal a connection between the European dismissal of the raven as devil and the fabrication of the origins story in American literary history. Highlighting what Western literature ignores in the Genesis story—namely godless authority and a contra-teleological presence, Tlingit and Haida raven stories repudiate the myth of origins on which US settler colonialism depends.
Environmental life-cycle assessment of waste-coal pellets production
Authors: Hanak Dawid P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Industrial decarbonization is crucial to keeping the global mean temperature &lt;1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Although unabated coal use needs to be phased out, coal is still expected to remain an important source of energy in power and energy-intensive industries until the 2030s. Decades of coal exploration, mining and processing have resulted in ~30 billion tonnes of waste-coal tailings being stored in coal impoundments, posing environmental risks. This study presents an environmental life-cycle assessment of a coal-processing technology to produce coal pellets from the waste coal stored in impoundments. It has been shown that the waste-coal pellets would result in the cradle-to-gate global warming of 1.68–3.50 kgCO2,eq/GJch, depending on the source of electricity used to drive the process. In contrast, the corresponding figure for the supply of conventional coal in the US was estimated to be 12.76 kgCO2,eq/GJch. Such a reduction in the global-warming impact confirms that waste-coal pellets can be a viable source of energy that will reduce the environmental impact of the power and energy-intensive industries in the short term. A considered case study showed that complete substitution of conventional coal with the waste-coal pellets in a steelmaking plant would reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions from 2649.80 to 2439.50 kgCO2,eq/tsteel. This, in turn, would reduce the life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of wind-turbine manufacturing by ≤8.6%. Overall, this study reveals that the use of waste-coal pellets can bring a meaningful reduction in industrial greenhouse-gas emissions, even before these processes are fully decarbonized.
Neural representations of absolute and relative magnitudes in symbolic and nonsymbolic formats
Authors: Bhatia Parnika , Longo Léa , Chesnokova Hanna , Prado Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Humans differ from other animal species in their unique ability to use symbols to represent numerical information. This ability is thought to emerge from the “neural recycling” of mechanisms supporting nonsymbolic magnitudes in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a hypothesis that has been applied to both absolute magnitudes (e.g., whole numbers) and relative magnitudes (e.g., fractions). Yet, evidence for the neuronal recycling hypothesis is inconsistent for absolute magnitudes and scarce for relative magnitudes. Here, we investigated to what extent the neural representations of absolute and relative magnitudes in symbolic and nonsymbolic formats overlap in the IPS. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation design, 48 adult participants were sequentially presented with lines, whole numbers, line ratios, and fractions that varied (vs. not varied) in magnitudes. Univariate analyses showed that the extent to which IPS mechanisms associated with whole numbers relied on mechanisms associated with lines depended upon participants’ arithmetic fluency. Multivariate analyses revealed that the right IPS encoded differences in format (nonsymbolic vs. symbolic) across both absolute and relative magnitudes. Therefore, IPS activity associated with magnitude processing may depend on the presentation format (nonsymbolic vs. symbolic) more than it depends on the type of magnitude (absolute vs. relative), at least for most adult participants.
Contact-Tracing Outcomes Among Household Contacts of Fully Vaccinated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: San Francisco, California, 29 January–2 July 2021
Authors: Sachdev Darpun D , Chew Ng Rilene , Sankaran Madeline , Ernst Alexandra , Hernandez Katherine T , Servellita Venice , Sotomayor-Gonzalez Alicia , Stoltey Juliet , Cohen Stephanie E , Nguyen Trang Quyen , Chiu Charles Y , Philip Susan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear.

Methods
Using data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, this report describes outcomes of household contact tracing during 29 January–2 July 2021, where fully vaccinated patients with COVID-19 were the index case in the household.

Results
Among 248 fully vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections, 203 (82%) were symptomatic and 105 were identified as the index patient within their household. Among 179 named household contacts, 71 (40%) contacts tested, over half (56%) were fully vaccinated and the secondary attack rate was 28%. Overall transmission from a symptomatic fully vaccinated patient with breakthrough infection to household contacts was suspected in 14 of 105 (13%) of households. Viral genomic sequencing of samples from 44% of fully vaccinated patients showed that 82% of those sequenced were infected by a variant of concern or interest and 77% by a variant carrying mutation(s) associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusions
Transmission from fully vaccinated symptomatic index patients to vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts can occur. Indoor face masking and timely testing of all household contacts should be considered when a household member receives a positive test result in order to identify and interrupt transmission chains.