bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple AT‐rich sequences function as a cis‐element in the ORF3 promoter in channel catfish virus (Ictaluridherpesvirus 1)
Authors: Yu Fei , Li Shuxin , Chen Hongxun , Hao Kai , Meng Lihui , Yang Jiayue , Zhao Zhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe expression of herpesvirus genes during infection of tissue culture cells can be classified into three main classes: immediate‐early (IE), early and late. The transcriptional regulation of herpesvirus IE genes is a critical regulatory step in the initiation of viral infection, with their regulation differing from that of early and late genes. Herein, we report that an IE gene (ORF3) promoter in channel catfish virus (CCV, Ictalurid herpesvirus 1) can be activated regardless of the presence or absence of CCV infection, indicating that the ORF3 promoter is efficiently driven by host–cell transcription factors in a viral infection‐independent manner. The analysis of truncated promoter activity suggested that several transcription elements play a role in activating the ORF3 promoter, with the key cis‐elements seemingly located in the flanking sequence of the start codon ATG. We further found that this flanking sequence contained multiple AT‐rich sequences, and systematic mutational analyses showed that these AT‐rich sequences affected normal transcription levels of the ORF3 promoter. To summarize, multiple AT‐rich domains, representing the novel architecture of IE gene promoters in Ictalurid herpesvirus 1, serve as a cis‐element for ORF3 transcription.
Find the centroid: A vision‐based approach for optimal object grasping
Authors: Xu Jun‐Jie , Liong Sze‐Teng , Tan Lit‐Ken , Gan Y. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, the booming development of deep learning techniques facilitates remarkable progress in a wide range of applications, has provided insightful cues in today's modern industry and research societies. For instance, the manufacturing and agricultural industries have witnessed the unparallel dominance in AI vision to integrate the production management. Therefore, owing to its impressive learning capability, this article aims to develop an automated system that can integrate data processing and packaging operations. Notably, the inspection system can capture the geometric properties of an ellipsoidal ham and thus can be grasped by the robotic arm. Prior to the centroid detection, a series of instant segmentation procedures is introduced to determine the position of the object, which incorporates both the object localization and semantic segmentation processes. As a result, the proposed model yields a promising segmentation accuracy when experimented on the ham dataset that consists of 293 images. The best Sørensen–Dice coefficient achieved is 91%, which indicates the compelling performance. To further verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, quantitative and qualitative visualization are presented to demonstrate the quality of the image segmentation task. The proposed algorithm and the raw data are publicly available at https://github.com/jason2303779/Ham-Centroid.Practical ApplicationsRecently, the booming development of deep learning techniques facilitates remarkable progress in a wide range of applications has provided insightful cues in today's modern industry and research societies. For instance, the manufacturing and agricultural industries have witnessed the unparallel dominance in AI vision to integrate production management. Therefore, this paper aims to develop an automated system that can integrate data processing and packaging operations due to its impressive learning capability. In brief, this paper introduces the first plausible mechanism to precisely identify the geometric center of an irregular‐shaped object, viz, ellipsoidal ham. A novel pipeline that composes both the object detection and semantic segmentation architectures is proposed to facilitate the vision understanding process. Succinctly, the inspection system can capture an ellipsoidal ham's geometry properties and thus facilitate the robotics vision for food products, especially in stimulating automatic industrial manufacturing development.
Arbitrage in International Sovereign Debt Markets? Evidence from the Inflation‐Protected Securities of Six Countries
Authors: KITA ARBEN , TORTORICE DANIEL L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider an arbitrage strategy that exactly replicates the cash flow of a sovereign nominal bond using inflation swaps and inflation‐linked bonds. The strategy reveals a violation of the law of one price in the G7 countries, which is largest for the eurozone. Testing the strategy's exposure to deflation, volatility, liquidity, and macro‐economic risks shows the observed mispricing is a risk premium, which is more pronounced in the eurozone. We find less support that financial limits to arbitrage explain the mispricing. We conclude that pure long‐run arbitrage opportunities persist when these strategies are exposed to intermediate financial risks.
Australian care givers' knowledge of and attitudes towards paediatric fever management
Authors: Arias Daniel , Carter Stephen R , Chen Timothy F , Moles Rebekah J 
Published: July 2021

AimNon‐evidence‐based practice and inappropriate paediatric fever management by care givers is common. The aim of this study was to survey a large sample of Australian parents and care givers utilising a validated Fever Management Tool, to determine the current knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of Australian care givers regarding fever management.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional survey conducted via a third‐party market research company. Univariate analysis of demographic factors and their influence on knowledge scores were tested. A multivariate linear regression model was specified using all available independent univariate predicators to determine the demographic factors influencing care givers fever knowledge.ResultsData from 1000 questionnaires were analysed. The participants' total knowledge scores were evenly distributed with a mean score of 15.4/29 correct answers in the True/False questionnaire, a median score of 16 and a standard deviation of 4.27. It highlighted that Australian care givers had poor knowledge in questions related to ‘teething’, ‘physical cooling methods’ and ‘medication dosing’. In the multivariate analysis, 28.9% of the total variance was explained (R2 value = 0.289, P < 0.001) with 5 of 11 factors contributing.ConclusionOverall, this cross‐sectional survey has provided a strong understanding of the current knowledge, attitude and beliefs of Australian care givers in regards to fever management in their children. Total knowledge of fever management was generally poor in Australia with many participants harbouring misconceptions and non‐evidence‐based practices. Future interventions improving fever management practices should be tailored to the specific weaknesses faced by Australian care givers in order to promote long term change.
An ultra‐long‐acting recombinant insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors: Gilor Chen , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Pires Jully , Bannasch Michael J. , Lancaster Thomas , Delpero Andrea , Ragupathy Ramya , Murikipudi Sylaja , Zion Todd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats typically requires insulin injections q12h‐q24h, posing a major compliance barrier for caregivers. Novel treatments enabling decreased injection frequency while maintaining safety are highly desirable. Insulin fused with feline immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable (Fc) has an ultra‐long plasma half‐life because it recycles through cells where it is protected from proteolysis.HypothesisGlycemic control can be achieved in diabetic cats with a recombinant fusion protein of a synthetic insulin and feline Fc (AKS‐267c) administered SC weekly.AnimalsFive cats with spontaneous DM.MethodsCats previously controlled using insulin glargine q12h were transitioned to once‐weekly injection of AKS‐267c. The dose of AKS‐267c was titrated weekly for 7 weeks based on continuous glucose monitoring. Clinical signs, body weight, fructosamine concentrations, and mean interstitial glucose concentrations (IG) were compared between baseline (week 0, on insulin glargine) and the last week of treatment. Data were assessed for normality and compared using parametric or nonparametric paired tests (as appropriate).ResultsAfter 7 weeks of once‐weekly injections, compared to baseline, there were no significant changes in clinical signs, body weight (median [range] gain, 0.1 kg [−0.1 to +0.7]; P = .5), fructosamine (−60 mmol/L [−338 to +206]; P = .6), and mean IG concentrations (change = −153 mmol/L [−179 to +29]; P = .3), and no adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionSuccessful control of clinical signs and maintenance of glycemia was achieved with this once‐weekly novel insulin treatment. The efficacy and safety of this novel formulation should be further assessed in a large clinical trial.
Beyond the building: Unleashing leadership potential in the graduate classroom
Authors: Perkins Miriam Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay explores how classroom teaching and learning can become an incubator for leadership skills graduate students need to enhance community well‐being. Teaching leadership skills at the graduate level, however, is often siloed into an elective course or internship. The developing field of humanitarian architecture addresses the need for leadership skills by prioritizing design thinking oriented toward collaborative community transformation. In conversation with humanitarian architecture's themes, this essay offers three classroom case studies exploring compelling ways to nurture leadership skills in the graduate theological classroom and beyond: (1) disrupt power differentials by sharing leadership with students; (2) create or retool a single course assignment to develop and assess a needed leadership competency; and (3) explore learning beyond the building by working in partnership with community leaders and organizations. Humanitarian architecture's focus on “building for community transformation” provides theological educators a guiding metaphor for teaching the public pastoral leadership skills faith communities need to navigate the future.
Catastrophic costs among tuberculosis‐affected households in Zimbabwe: A national health facility‐based survey
Authors: Timire Collins , Ngwenya Mkhokheli , Chirenda Joconiah , Metcalfe John Z , Kranzer Katharina , Pedrazzoli Debora , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Nguhiu Peter , Madzingaidzo Geshem , Ndlovu Kwenzikweyinkosi , Mapuranga Tawanda , Cornell Morna , Sandy Charles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the incidence and major drivers of catastrophic costs among TB‐affected households in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe conducted a nationally representative health facility‐based survey with random cluster sampling among consecutively enrolled drug‐susceptible (DS‐TB) and drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB) patients. Costs incurred and income lost due to TB illness were captured using an interviewer‐administered standardised questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the risk factors for experiencing catastrophic costs.ResultsA total of 841 patients were enrolled and were weighted to 900 during data analysis. There were 500 (56%) males and 46 (6%) DR‐TB patients. Thirty‐five (72%) DR‐TB patients were HIV co‐infected. Overall, 80% (95% CI: 77–82) of TB patients and their households experienced catastrophic costs. The major cost driver pre‐TB diagnosis was direct medical costs. Nutritional supplements were the major cost driver post‐TB diagnosis, with a median cost of US$360 (IQR: 240–600). Post‐TB median diagnosis costs were three times higher among DR‐TB (US$1,659 [653–2,787]) than drug DS‐TB‐affected households (US$537 [204–1,134]). Income loss was five times higher among DR‐TB than DS‐TB patients. In multivariable analysis, household wealth was the only covariate that remained significantly associated with catastrophic costs: The poorest households had 16 times the odds of incurring catastrophic costs versus the wealthiest households (adjusted odds ratio [aOR: 15.7 95% CI: 7.5–33.1]).ConclusionThe majority of TB‐affected households, especially those affected by DR‐TB, experienced catastrophic costs. Since the major cost drivers fall outside the healthcare system, multi‐sectoral approaches to TB control and linking TB patients to social protection may reduce catastrophic costs.
Evaluating blood donor experiences and barriers/facilitators to blood donation in the United States using YouTube video content
Authors: Rael Christine Tagliaferri , Pierre Dominique , Frye Victoria , Kessler Debra , Duffy Louisa , Malos Nick , Van Tieu Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding donor perception of the blood donation experience is central to maintaining an adequate blood supply. Studies that use questionnaires to assess barriers/facilitators to donation may be influenced by response bias. To address this, we conducted an innovative study integrating quantitative informatic techniques with qualitative data analysis of YouTube video content to explore donor experiences and barriers and facilitators to whole blood donation.MethodsSampling of YouTube videos was conducted using search parameters for identifying relevant videos, based on donors' language used to describe their whole blood donation experiences (e.g., blood donation, blood donor, donated blood, gave/give blood). We eliminated duplicate videos; filtered out non‐English videos, those made outside the United States, and those with no transcripts; and restricted the time period during which videos were posted from 2015 to 2019. Search parameters were fed into a Python script, which downloaded video transcripts for all search results. The final sample was 102 noncommercial and 34 commercial transcripts. The subsequent transcriptions were uploaded into qualitative analysis software and coded two coders. A third coder randomly selected transcripts to review to ensure consistency.ResultsBarriers to whole blood donation include having prior negative experiences with donation and donation‐related fear. Facilitators included altruism, having a personal connection to donation, donation center incentives, and positive experiences with blood center staff.ConclusionThemes identified in this study were similar to those in the existing literature. This suggests that current questionnaires to address barriers/facilitators to donation are unlikely to be meaningfully impacted by response bias.
Rotor Behavior and Friction Torque Characteristics of a Gerotor Pump Used for Automatic Transmissions
Authors: Yanada Hideki , Uchino Takumi , Takeno Takahiro , Kojima Ryo , Yokoyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rotor behavior may affect the torque characteristics of gerotor pumps, but the measurement of the behavior has received little attention. Thus, in this study, we measure the rotor behavior of a gerotor pump used for automatic transmissions under various operating conditions. The experiments revealed that the inner rotor rotated near the middle of the cover wall and casing sidewall, slightly tilted with respect to them. The outer rotor rotated in the vicinity of the casing sidewall and came closer to the sidewall with decreases in the dimensionless parameter μN/ΔP (where μ [Pa·s] is the oil viscosity, N [s−1] is the rotational speed, and ΔP [Pa] is the pressure difference). In addition, the eccentricity of the outer rotor was observed to increase with decreases in μN/ΔP. The inclination of the inner rotor and the approximation of the outer rotor to the casing sidewall may increase the driving torque of the pump. Taking the measured results on rotor behavior into account, a clear physical meaning is given to an existing mathematical model of viscous friction torque.
Combined State and Parameter Identifiability for a Model of Drug-Resistant Cancer Dynamics
Authors: Doosthosseini Mahsa , Fathy Hosam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the combined parameter and state identifiability for a model of a cancerous tumor's growth dynamics. The model describes the impact of drug administration on the growth of two populations of cancer cells: a drug-sensitive population and a drug-resistant population. The model's dynamic behavior depends on the underlying values of its state variables and parameters, including the initial sizes and growth rates of the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant populations, respectively. The article's primary goal is to use Fisher identifiability analysis to derive and analyze the Cramér–Rao theoretical bounds on the best-achievable accuracy with which this estimation can be performed locally. This extends previous work by the authors, which focused solely on state estimation accuracy. This analysis highlights two key scenarios where estimation accuracy is particularly poor. First, a critical drug administration rate exists where the model's state observability is lost, thereby making the independent estimation of the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant population sizes impossible. Second, a different critical drug administration rate exists that brings the overall growth rate of the drug-sensitive population to zero, thereby worsening model parameter identifiability.
Refining the Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal history of the Penokean Orogen: New U-Pb age constraints from the Pembine-Wausau terrane, Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Zi Jian-Wei , Sheppard Stephen , Muhling Janet R. , Rasmussen Birger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn enduring problem in the assembly of Laurentia is uncertainty about the nature and timing of magmatism, deformation, and metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes, which have been variously interpreted as an intra-oceanic arc, foredeep or continental back-arc. Resolving these competing models is difficult due in part to a lack of a robust time-frame for magmatism in the terranes. The northeast part of the terranes in northern Wisconsin (USA) comprise mafic and felsic volcanic rocks and syn-volcanic granites thought to have been emplaced and metamorphosed during the 1890–1830 Ma Penokean orogeny. New in situ U-Pb geochronology of igneous zircon from the volcanic rocks (Beecher Formation), and from two tonalitic plutons (the Dunbar Gneiss and Newingham Tonalite) intruding the volcanic rocks, yielded crystallization ages ranging from 1847 ± 10 Ma to 1842 ± 7 Ma (95% confidence). Thus, these rocks record a magmatic episode that is synchronous with bimodal volcanism in the Wausau domain and Marshfield terrane farther south. Our results, integrated with published data into a time-space diagram, highlight two bimodal magmatic cycles, the first at 1890–1860 Ma and the second at 1845–1830 Ma, developed on extended crust of the Superior Craton. The magmatic episodes are broadly synchronous with volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization and deposition of Lake Superior banded iron formations. Our data and interpretation are consistent with the Penokean orogeny marking west Pacific-style accretionary orogenesis involving lithospheric extension of the continental margin, punctuated by transient crustal shortening that was accommodated by folding and thrusting of the arc-back-arc system. The model explains the shared magmatic history of the Pembine-Wausau and Marshfield terranes. Our study also reveals an overprinting metamorphic event recorded by reset zircon and new monazite growth dated at 1775 ± 10 Ma suggesting that the main metamorphic event in the terranes is related to the Yavapai-interval accretion rather than the Penokean orogeny.
Factors affecting the resolution of acute non-infectious anterior scleritis
Authors: Abdel-Aty Ahmad , Kombo Ninani 
Published: July 2021

Background/aimsTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-⍺) inhibitors are increasingly being used to treat scleritis, however, their efficacy has not been compared to older treatments. Additionally, few studies have assessed differences in the course of scleritis among different patient groups. We identify demographic factors, comorbidities and treatments associated with the resolution of acute scleritis.MethodsThe records of patients with non-infectious anterior scleritis who presented between 1 January 2013 and 1 January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 141 patients (169 eyes) with anterior scleritis were identified. 92.9% had diffuse anterior scleritis, 5.0% had nodular anterior scleritis and 2.1% had necrotising scleritis. Topical corticosteroids were used in 66.7% of patients, systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 48.9% and systemic corticosteroids in 37.6%. Non-corticosteroid immunomodulatory therapies were required in 37.6% of patients. In a Cox proportionate hazards model, factors positively associated with the resolution of an episode of scleritis included NSAID use (HR=2.145; 95% CI 1.200 to 3.832), Hispanic race (HR=2.991; 95% CI 1.115 to 7.341) and lupus erythematous (HR=6.175; 95% CI 1.774 to 21.489). Bilateral scleritis was negatively associated with resolution (HR=0.437; 95% CI 0.196 to 0.972). TNF-⍺ inhibitors (HR=3.346; 95% CI 1.277–8.763), NSAID use (HR=2.558; 95% CI 1.383 to 4.729), lupus erythematosus (HR=5.251; 95% CI 1.478 to 18.659) and Hispanic race (HR=3.198; 95% CI 1.022 to 10.005) were significantly positively associated with steroid sparing resolution.ConclusionPatient characteristics including a lupus diagnosis and Hispanic race were associated with faster times to symptom resolution and steroid sparing resolution, as were treatments including systemic NSAIDs and TNF-⍺ inhibitors. Due to limitations in the available data, this analysis did not account for disease severity. Future prospective studies will further elucidate the relationship between these factors and patient outcomes.
Operationalising outpatient antimicrobial stewardship to reduce system-wide antibiotics for acute bronchitis
Authors: Johnson Morgan Clouse , Hulgan Todd , Cooke Robin G , Kleinpell Ruth , Roumie Christianne , Callaway-Lane Carol , Mitchell Lauren D , Hathaway Jacob , Dittus Robert , Staub Milner 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAntibiotics are not recommended for treatment of acute uncomplicated bronchitis (AUB), but are often prescribed (85% of AUB visits within the Veterans Affairs nationally). This quality improvement project aimed to decrease antibiotic prescribing for AUB in community-based outpatient centres from 65% to <32% by April 2020.MethodsFrom January to December 2018, community-based outpatient clinics’ 6 months’ average of prescribed antibiotics for AUB and upper respiratory infections was 63% (667 of 1054) and 64.6% (314 of 486) when reviewing the last 6 months. Seven plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycles were implemented by an interprofessional antimicrobial stewardship team between January 2019 and March 2020. Balancing measures were a return patient phone call or visit within 4 weeks for the same complaint. Χ2tests and statistical process control charts using Western Electric rules were used to analyse intervention data.ResultsThe AUB antibiotic prescribing rate decreased from 64.6% (314 of 486) in the 6 months prior to the intervention to 36.8% (154 of 418) in the final 6 months of the intervention. No change was seen in balancing measures. The largest reduction in antibiotic prescribing was seen after implementation of PDSA 6 in which 14 high prescribers were identified and targeted for individualised reviews of encounters of patients with AUB with an antimicrobial steward.ConclusionsOperational implementation of successful stewardship interventions is challenging and differs from the traditional implementation study environment. As a nascent outpatient stewardship programme with limited resources and no additional intervention funding, we successfully reduced antibiotic prescribing from 64.6% to 36.8%, a reduction of 43% from baseline. The most success was seen with targeted education of high prescribers.