bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Image Correlation Measurement of the Deformation and Failure in PBX Brazilian Discs Reinforced with CFRP Patches
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Tang Wei , Liu Chen , Li Biao , Tang Mingfeng , Wen Maoping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymer‐bonded explosive (PBX) is a mechanical weak link in weapons systems. PBX is susceptible to cracking owing to its brittle nature, which seriously threatens the security and reliability of the weapons system. In this work, a novel strengthening method making use of a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) patch was adopted to enhance the mechanical performance of the PBX. Brazilian compression tests were conducted on the unreinforced, locally reinforced, and fully reinforced PBX discs to elucidate the strengthening mechanism of the patch. Digital image correlation was employed to characterise the deformation and failure processes of the discs during the full testing period. The results showed that failure of the PBX was caused by initiation and extension of the deformation that localises within the regions near the loading positions. The CFRP patches provided the benefits of load transfer and deformation confinement, which alleviated stress concentration in the disc. Consequently, collapse of the patched discs was delayed, and the load‐carrying ability was improved. The findings of this study may deepen our understanding of PBX failure behaviours, and further the performance optimisation of weapons systems.
Guidewire‐guided electrocardiogram for positioning the catheter tip of upper arm port in breast cancer patients
Authors: Gu Lili , Xu Liyong , Meng Aifeng , Shi Ruchun , Jiang Dingbiao , Liu Chunli , Mao Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntracavitary electrocardiogram (ECG) is a reliable and safe method for real‐time, confirming the tip of central venous access devices. Saline and guidewire are the most commonly used as an intracavitary electrode for introducing ECGs. However, little information about the ECG technique using for the catheter tip of arm port. We aimed to explore the effects of guidewire‐guided ECG approach for locating the catheter tip of the upper arm port in breast cancer patients. We performed a prospective single‐center study, 36 patients with breast cancer were enrolled. Thirty‐six upper arm ports were implanted using a guidewire guided ECG approach, to evaluate the accuracy of the catheter tip position, the operation time, and the stability of the ECG waveform. The ECG‐based tip location was compared with post‐procedural tip location by chest X‐ray. We found that all the upper arm ports implantation were successful in this study. The tip was located at the lower 1/3 superior vena cava or cava‐atrial junction in 35 cases and the upper right atrium in one case. The average operation time of the ECG was 269.25 ± 52.79 second, (range: 190‐345 seconds). The correct rate of the catheter tip position was 97.22%. All the ECG waveform was stable and easy to read. In conclusion, the guidewire‐guided ECG technique is valid and accurate for locating the upper arm port catheter tip; it is also convenient.
N‐terminal acetylation modestly enhances phase separation and reduces aggregation of the low‐complexity domain of RNA‐binding protein fused in sarcoma
Authors: Bock Anna S. , Murthy Anastasia C. , Tang Wai Shing , Jovic Nina , Shewmaker Frank , Mittal Jeetain , Fawzi Nicolas L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe RNA‐binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) assembles via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) into functional RNA granules and aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated neuronal inclusions. Several studies have demonstrated that posttranslational modification (PTM) can significantly alter FUS phase separation and aggregation, particularly charge‐altering phosphorylation of the nearly uncharged N‐terminal low complexity domain of FUS (FUS LC). However, the occurrence and impact of N‐terminal acetylation on FUS phase separation remains unexplored, even though N‐terminal acetylation is the most common PTM in mammals and changes the charge at the N‐terminus. First, we find that FUS is predominantly acetylated in two human cell types and stress conditions. Next, we show that recombinant FUS LC can be acetylated when co‐expressed with the NatA complex in Escherichia coli. Using NMR spectroscopy, we find that N‐terminal acetylated FUS LC (FUS LC Nt‐Ac) does not notably alter monomeric FUS LC structure or motions. Despite no difference in structure, Nt‐Ac‐FUS LC phase separates more avidly than unmodified FUS LC. More importantly, N‐terminal acetylation of FUS LC reduces aggregation. Our findings highlight the importance of N‐terminal acetylation of proteins that undergo physiological LLPS and pathological aggregation.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve uptake and control efficacy of carbosulfan on Spodoptera frugiperda in maize plants
Authors: Yan Wenjuan , Lin Xiaomin , Yao Qing , Zhao Chen , Zhang Zhixiang , Xu Hanhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDInoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in soil can promote the uptake of nutrients and xenobiotics by plants. In this study, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (including Glomus intraradices and Glomus mossea) on the growth of maize, the uptake of carbosulfan and the control efficacy on Spodoptera frugiperda were investigated through maize seed coating.RESULTSResults from the pot experiment showed that carbofuran reduced the mycorrhizal colonization of AM fungi in the early stage of the experiment. The inhibiting effect disappeared in 21–49 DAP, whereas the mycorrhizal colonization rate under the G. intraradices treatment was maintained at ≈90%. Compared with noninoculated treatment, the fresh weights of roots in G. intraradices and G. mosseae treatments increased by 20–41% and 10–23%, respectively. Mycorrhizal treatment could significantly increase the transmission rates (root/soil and leaf/stem) and the carbosulfan accumulation in maize. During the harvest period, the control efficacy against S. frugiperda in mycorrhizal treatment was significantly higher than that in noninoculated treatments (P < 0.05) in both Guangzhou and Nanning.CONCLUSIONSInoculation with AM could accelerate the degradation process of carbofuran in soil and the propagation of carbofuran from soil to plants. Glomus intraradices showed more pronounced effects than G. mosseae on both plant growth and carbosulfan content in plants and soil. The experimental results showed that inoculation of AM fungi increased the accumulation of carbofuran in plants, improved the effective utilization rate and enhanced the control efficacy against S. frugiperda.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Encapsulation of fluazinam to extend efficacy duration in controlling Botrytis cinerea on cucumber
Authors: Liu Qizheng , Liu Panqing , Xu Yanjun , Wang Bin , Liu Pengfei , Hao Jianjun , Liu Xili 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluazinam is an effective fungicide in controlling gray mold, but has short duration of efficacy. Increasing application dosage may cause phytotoxicity. To overcome this shortage, a controlled‐release technology was studied by encapsulating fluazinam. Ethyl cellulose polymer microcapsules were loaded with fluazinam to formulate a fluazinam capsule suspension (FCS). The efficacy for inhibition of B. cinerea and persistency of the FCS were examined by comparing with fluazinam technical concentrate (FTC) and aqueous fluazinam suspension concentrate (FSC) using microscopic observation and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis.RESULTSFCS formed capsules, with median size of 3.17 μm in diameter, had 82.3% encapsulation efficiency. It had a stronger inhibitory activity against B. cinerea than FTC and FSC measured 7 days after the treatments. The half‐life of FCS on cucumber leaves was 3.4 days, longer than the 2.3 days of FSC.CONCLUSIONFCS formulation significantly improved the inhibition of B. cinerea and resulted in prolonged and sustained release. Moreover, microencapsulation increased the duration of the efficacy of fluazinam on target crops. This formulation could help to sustain pesticides and protect the environment.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The dynamics of gender in the intergenerational transmission of homeownership: A case study of young couples in Shanghai
Authors: Cui Junru , Cui Can , Ronald Richard , Yu Shan , Mu Xueying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParental support has become increasingly important to the housing opportunities of young Chinese households. The gender dynamics of support practices, however, have not been well understood. Drawing on a survey of Shanghai households, this study investigates the role of parents in shaping the housing outcomes of young couples, focusing on gender differences in intergenerational transmissions. Employing generalised structural equation modelling, our analysis illustrates that support from both husband's and wife's parents can affect the household's housing outcomes, directly and indirectly, but with some critical differences. The socioeconomic characteristics of husband's parents, such as educational level and employer type, are more relevant to housing outcomes than those of the wife's parents. While for women, having homeowning parents with local hukou indicates a higher probability of the couple becoming homeowners, for men, the association is inverse. In exploring these differences, we unravel how parental support intertwines with broader social norms and practices concerning family and gender norms.
A combined fuzzy DEMATEL and cloud model approach for risk assessment in process industries to improve system reliability
Authors: Li Jishuo , Xu Kaili 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDecision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis is an effective and comprehensive method for identifying accident factors and converting the relationships among them into a visual structural model. Traditionally, the mean value method is adopted to summarize the initial direct‐relation matrix, but it ignores the errors caused by differences in expert knowledge. In addition, a single qualitative risk assessment may not be sufficiently comprehensive and persuasive. The qualitative risk assessment results may not play a complete role in helping industrial plants carry out safety management. Therefore, this study proposes a quantitative risk assessment model based on the cloud model (CM) called the fuzzy DEMATEL‐CM. An assessment index model is established by identifying the hazards associated with a converter steelmaking system. Subsequently, fuzzy DEMATEL analysis is applied to determine the relationships among the assessment indices and calculate their weights. Then, the CM is utilized to calculate the risk levels of the assessment indices and determine the comprehensive risk level. Finally, a case study is introduced to verify the practicability and validity of this model, and it is observed that the model has a certain superiority in solving uncertain problems. The quantitative risk assessment results are helpful for preventing accidents to improve the reliability of converter steelmaking plants.
Computational mechanistic studies of the carbon–carbon double bond difunctionalization via epoxidation and subsequent aminolysis in vegetable oils
Authors: Abdullayev Yusif , Abbasov Vagif , Nasirov Fuzuli , Rzayeva Nigar , Nasibova Leyla , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe industrial importance of the CC double bond difunctionalization in vegetable oils/fatty acid chains motivates computational studies aimed at helping to improve experimental protocols. The CC double bond epoxidation is studied with hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid (CH3CO3H), and performic acid (HCO3H) oxidizing agents. The epoxide ring‐opening mechanism is calculated in the presence of ZnCl2, NiCl2, and FeCl2 Lewis acidic catalysts. Computations show that H2O2 (∆G‡ = 39 kcal/mol, TS1HP) is not an effective oxidizing agent compared to CH3CO3H (∆G‡ = 29.8 kcal/mol, TS1PA) and HCO3H (∆G‡ = 26.7 kcal/mol, TS1PF). The FeCl2 (∆G‡ = 14.7 kcal/mol, TS1FC) coordination to the epoxide oxygen facilitates the ring‐opening via lower energy barriers compared to the ZnCl2 (∆G‡ = 19.5 kcal/mol, TS1ZC) and NiCl2 (∆G‡ = 29.4 kcal/mol, TS1NC) coordination. ZnCl2 was frequently utilized as a catalyst in laboratory‐scale procedures. The energetic span model identifies the FeCl2 (FC) catalytic cycle as the best option for the epoxide ring‐opening.
Conversions of localized excess electrons and spin states under external electric field: Inter‐cage electron‐transfer isomer (C20F20)3&K2
Authors: Tang Jia‐Min , Wang Yin‐Feng , Tian Qin , Liu Xue‐Xia , Wang Zhijun , Huang Jiangen , Zhang Hua‐Rong , Yang Kai , Li Zhi‐Ru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBy doping two potassium atoms among three C20F20 cages, peanut‐shaped single molecular solvated dielectron (C20F20)3&K2 was presented theoretically. The triplet structure with two separated excess electrons respectively inside left and middle cages (isomers I or II) are thermodynamically more stable than both open‐shell (OS) and close‐shell (CS) singlet ones with lone pair of excess electrons inside middle cage. Applying an oriented external electric field (×10−4 au) of −20 or a larger one and then releasing it, left‐to‐right transfer occurs for both triplet excess electrons and a new kind of inter‐cage electron‐transfer isomers (III or IV) forms. Triplet structures (I–IV) with three redox sites may be new members of mixed‐valent compounds, namely, Robin‐Day Class II. For electrified I of (C20F20)3&K2, the OS singlet state in small‐ranges of field strengths (−30 to −5 and 5–30), triplet one in mid‐ranges of field strengths (−120 to −30 and 30–111), and CS singlet one in large‐ranges of field strengths (≥111 and ≤−120) are, respectively, ground states.
Optical Signatures of Defect Centers in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: M. C. de Melo Pedro Miguel , Zanolli Zeila , Verstraete Matthieu J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEven the best quality 2D materials have non‐negligible concentrations of vacancies and impurities. It is critical to understand and quantify how defects change intrinsic properties, and use this knowledge to generate functionality. This challenge can be addressed by employing many‐body perturbation theory to obtain the optical absorption spectra of defected transition metal dichalcogenides. Herein metal vacancies, which are largely unreported, show a larger set of polarized excitons than chalcogenide vacancies, introducing localized excitons in the sub‐optical‐gap region, whose wave functions and spectra make them good candidates as quantum emitters. Despite the strong interaction with substitutional defects, the spin texture and pristine exciton energies are preserved, enabling grafting and patterning in optical detectors, as the full optical‐gap region remains available. A redistribution of excitonic weight between the A and B excitons is visible in both cases and may allow the quantification of the defect concentration. This work establishes excitonic signatures to characterize defects in 2D materials and highlights vacancies as qubit candidates for quantum computing.
Risk‐sensitive maximum principle for stochastic optimal control of mean‐field type Markov regime‐switching jump‐diffusion systems
Authors: Moon Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the risk‐sensitive optimal control problem for mean‐field type Markov regime‐switching jump‐diffusion systems driven by Brownian motions and Poisson jumps with (Markovian) switching coefficients. The system is coupled with its mean‐filed term, that is, the expected value of the state process, and the objective functional is of the risk‐sensitive type. Our problem is closely related to the mean‐field type robust optimization problem for a general class of stochastic jump systems due to the inherent feature of the risk‐sensitive objective functional. By establishing the logarithmic transformations of the associated equivalent singular risk‐neutral control problem, we obtain the risk‐sensitive maximum principle type necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality, where the sufficient condition requires an additional convexity assumption. The risk‐sensitive maximum principle in this article is characterized as the variational inequality, together with the first‐ and second‐order (mean‐field type) adjoint processes as well as the auxiliary first‐order adjoint process. Unlike the risk‐neutral and mean‐field free cases, the additional adjoint equation is induced due to the mean‐field coupling term and the risk‐sensitive logarithmic transformation. We apply the risk‐sensitive maximum principle of this article to the risk‐sensitive linear‐quadratic problem, for which an explicit optimal solution is obtained.
Effects of vegetation at a bar confluence on river hydrodynamics: The case study of the Arno River at Greve junction
Authors: Artini Giada , Calvani Giulio , Francalanci Simona , Solari Luca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRiver bars often form at river confluences due to variation in flow discharges or in sediment transport capacity; once these bars are grown, they constitute favourable habitats for vegetation development. In this work, we analysed the effect of vegetation above confluence bars on the hydrodynamics of a river reach. The case study considered is the Arno River reach at the Greve junction, where confluence bars expanded towards the opposite bank. A two‐dimensional hydraulic model was implemented through BASEMENT software varying the flow discharge. Three‐dimensional topographic data were used to generate the calculation mesh. Dendrometric surveys were carried out to describe the current state of the vegetation. Seven different vegetative scenarios were considered for numerical simulations, depending on different vegetation management conditions. Such scenarios are characterised by various plant densities, diameters, heights and species (herbaceous, shrub and arboreal), and, accordingly, different formulations were used to estimate the Manning coefficients. The outcomes of this study illustrate that the denser vegetation settled on confluence bars, the more the backwater effect is emphasised and the more the flow is shifted toward the opposite banks of the confluence thus inducing possible erosion phenomena at the toe of the outer bank. Moreover, the observed large bar extensions are surprising, when considering the mild confluence angle and the very low discharge ratio. We showed that the vegetation may be the key driver of the junction hydrodynamics and that vegetated confluences might not follow the classic hydraulics‐related models which may describe only a formative configuration.
Differences in oxalate–carbonate pathway of Brosimum alicastrum in karst homegarden and forest soils
Authors: Álvarez‐Rivera Oscar Omar , Estrada‐Medina Héctor , Jiménez‐Osornio Juan José , O'Connor‐Sánchez Ingrid Aileen , Navarro‐Alberto Jorge Augusto , Ferrer Miriam Monserrat , Canto‐Canché Blondy , Tzec‐Gamboa Magnolia del Carmen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe oxalate‐carbonate pathway (OCP) allows atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2atm) sequestration through deposition of CaCO3 in soils. The participation of Brosimum alicastrum Sw. (Moracea) in the OCP has been demonstrated in traditional Maya agroforesty systems (homegardens) in Yucatan, Mexico, but remains unstudied in wild vegetation. To compare the OCP role of B. alicastrum trees associated to homegardens and forest, the calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) content of leaves, bark, roots, and adjacent soil of 40 trees was measured, as well as the abundance of soil and rizospheric oxalothropic bacteria. The highest CaC2O4 contents were present in leaves (45.37 g kg–1) and adjacent soil (576.93 mg kg–1) of wild trees. Oxalotrophic bacteria abundance was higher in the rhizospheric soil associated to wild trees. Soil CaC2O4 content was positively correlated to soil Ca (rs = .911; p < .01) and CaCO3 (rs = .885; p < .01) contents in wild trees and negatively correlated to soil redox potential (rs = –.625; p = .02). The CaC2O4 contents and oxalotrophic bacteria abundance in soils indicate an active participation of B. alicastrum trees in the OCP in both systems, allowing the capture of CO2atm. The lower potential to sequester CO2 in homegardens is mainly due to the use of the B. alicastrum as forage, which prevents the addition of litter to soil. If trees in homegardens were not defoliated, the amount of CO2atm captured by B. alicastrum in these systems would be greater than those in forest because the tree density in homegardens can be up to 18 times greater than in forest.
Investigate the role of technology innovation and renewable energy in reducing transport sector CO2 emission in China: A path toward sustainable development
Authors: Godil Danish I. , Yu Zhang , Sharif Arshian , Usman Rimsha , Khan Syed Abdul Rehman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research is to examine the role of economic growth, technology innovation, and renewable energy in reducing transport sector CO2 emission in China by using the annual data of 1990–2018. An application of the QARDL approach discloses that economic growth, technology innovation, and renewable energy significantly influence CO2 emission in the transportation sector in China. Both renewable energy consumption and innovation show a negative impact on emissions of CO2 related to transport. It depicts that due to the increase in renewable energy and innovation, the CO2 emission in the transport sector is likely to decrease; however, an increase in the GDP of a country will upsurge the emission of CO2 in the transportation sector. However, China should make new policies to introduce innovation in the transportation sector to minimize the emission of CO2.
New Insight of Pyrrole‐Like Nitrogen for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Activity and Stability of Pt Single Atoms
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Qi , Si Rutong , Song Zhongxin , Lin Xiaoting , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Adair Keegan , Li Junjie , Doyle‐Davis Kieran , Li Ruying , Liu Li‐Min , Gu Meng , Sun Xueliang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSingle atomic Pt catalysts exhibit particularly high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity compared to conventional nanomaterial‐based catalysts. However, the enhanced mechanisms between Pt and their coordination environment are not understood in detail. Hence, a systematic study examining the different types of N in the support is essential to clearly demonstrate the relationship between Pt single atoms and N‐doped support. Herein, three types of carbon nanotubes with varying types of N (pyridine‐like N, pyrrole‐like N, and quaternary N) are used as carbon support for Pt single atom atomic layer deposition. The detailed coordination environment of the Pt single atom catalyst is carefully studied by electron microscope and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS). Interestingly, with the increase of pyrrole‐like N in the CNT support, the HER activity of the Pt catalyst also improves. First principle calculations results indicate that the interaction between the dyz and s orbitals of H and sp3 hybrid orbital of N should be the origin of the superior HER performance of these Pt single atom catalysts (SACs).
Principles and Applications of Single Particle Tracking in Cell Research
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wang Xuejing , Zhang Ying , Xu Weili , Han Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is a tough challenge for many decades to decipher the complex relationships between cell behaviors and cellular physical properties. Single particle tracking (SPT) with high spatial and temporal resolution has been applied extensively in cell research to understand physicochemical properties of cells and their bio‐functions by tracking endogenous or exogenous probes. This review describes the fundamental principles of SPT as well as its applications in intracellular mechanics, membrane dynamics, organelles distribution, and processes of internalization and transport. Finally, challenges and future directions of SPT are also discussed.