bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Courtesy stigma of parents of children with Down syndrome: Adaptation process and transcendent stage
Authors: Watanabe Motoko , Kibe Chieko , Sugawara Masumi , Miyake Hidehiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCourtesy stigma, which arises from close connections to people with stigmatized characteristics, negatively affects interpersonal relations. This study aimed to evaluate courtesy stigma and the adaptation process of parents of children with Down syndrome based on semi‐structured interviews with 23 Japanese parents. The interview themes were (a) negatively perceived interpersonal experiences and coping strategies; (b) information disclosure and others’ responses; and (c) positively perceived interpersonal experiences. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed based on a grounded theory approach. The results suggested that parents perceived and experienced multidimensional courtesy stigma, and they used various coping strategies categorized in combinations of passive–active and internal–external. All parents disclosed information about their child's diagnosis to others, and reverse disclosure (i.e., revealing own relations with people with disabilities) was characteristically observed thereafter. Through active interaction and reflection, the parents cultivated social relationships, compassion, world views, and community involvement, which led to the transcendent stage. However, internal conflict as a mediator between people with and without Down syndrome re‐emerged even after achieving the transcendent stage. These findings could help to develop interventions in genetic counseling for parents to deal with interpersonal relationship difficulties.
Gonad morphology of Rhyacichthys aspro (Valenciennes, 1837), and the diagnostic reproductive morphology of gobioid fishes
Authors: Cole Kathleen S. , Parenti Lynne R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRhyacichthys aspro is a “basal” taxon in the Suborder Gobioidei of the teleost order Gobiiformes. We provide detailed descriptions of the reproductive morphology of adult males and females to assess the diagnostic reproductive morphological characters of this speciose clade of bony fishes. Female R. aspro are asynchronous spawners: they are able to spawn more than once in a breeding season. Oocytes are inferred to have short attachment filaments. A conspicuous feature of the external anatomy of the reproductive system (RSy) of female R. aspro is an ornate fimbriate pad upon which the urogenital papilla rests. The male reproductive system is characterized by an intralobar collection system in both the testicular and secretory lobes, termed the “sperm‐collecting canal” and “milt‐collecting canal,” respectively. These may provide additional storage for sperm and milt. The spermatogenic lobe, or testis, is that portion of the male gobioid RSy comprising seminiferous lobules and separate from other RSy components. The secretory lobe is that portion of the male gobioid reproductive system that consists of secretory lobules and is separated from other components of the male RSy. The secretory lobe has also been called, in English, the sperm‐duct gland, accessory gonadal structure, or seminal vesicle, and is endorsed as a synapomorphy of gobioid fishes.
Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging in cultural heritage: A focus on old paintings
Authors: Bouvier Caroline , Van Nuffel Sebastiaan , Walter Philippe , Brunelle Alain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTime‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) imaging is a surface analysis technique that identifies and spatially resolves the chemical composition of a sample with a lateral resolution of less than 1 μm. Depth analyses can also be performed over thicknesses of several microns. In the case of a painting cross section, for example, TOF‐SIMS can identify the organic composition, by detecting molecular ions and fragments of binders, as well as the mineral composition of most of the pigments. Importantly, the technique is almost not destructive and is therefore increasingly used in cultural heritage research such as the analysis of painting samples, especially old paintings. In this review, state of the art of TOF‐SIMS analysis methods will be described with a particular focus on tuning the instruments for the analysis of painting cross sections and with several examples from the literature showing the added value of this technique when studying cultural heritage samples.
Combining the HBcrAg decline and HBV mutations predicts spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients during the immune clearance phase
Authors: Xie Yandi , Ma Hui , Feng Bo , Song Guangjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo assess predictive ability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and genome mutations for spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion. A total of 113 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were followed up for 76 weeks without antiviral treatment. Baseline basal core promoter (BCP) and precore mutations were detected and serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg, hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), and HBV DNA levels were serially quantified. Eighteen patients experienced spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion (Group A), and the remaining 95 patients did not experience spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion (Group B). At Week 28, HBsAg (p = 0.03) and HBcrAg (p = 0.01) levels were significantly different between Groups A and B. Reduced HBsAg (p = 0.02) and HBcrAg (p < 0.01) levels from baseline to Week 28 were significantly different between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lower HBcrAg (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, p =  0.03) levels at Week 28, and HBcrAg levels with sharp decrease at Week 28 (OR =  0.19, p = 0.02) were related with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) showed that reduction in HBcrAg levels from baseline to Week 28 (0.93, p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.74–1.08) have excellent prediction value. The mutation frequencies of A1574T (51.11% vs. 18.18%, p = 0.001), G1862A (30.00% vs. 13.03%, p = 0.001), G1896A (27.22% vs. 5.45%, p =  0.001), and C1913G (32.78% vs. 12.73%, p = 0.001) in Group A were significantly higher than Group B. Baseline A1574T, G1862A, G1896A, and C1913G mutations and HBcrAg levels with a sharp decrease at Week 28 were associated with spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion.
Repurposing of Mycobacterium indicus pranii for the severe form of COVID‐19 patients in India: A cohort study
Authors: Shah Naveed Nazir , Dar Khurshid Ahmad , Quibtiya Syed , Azad Aaliya Mohi Ud Din , Mushtaq Mehvish , Bashir Showkeen Muzamil , Rather Muzafar Ahmad , Ali Sofi Imtiyaz , Sheikh Wajid Mohammad , Nabi Showkat Ul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which results in a cytokine storm, and immune‐modulators like Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) might ameliorate coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) related cytokine storm. Therefore, the present study evaluates whether MIP offers an advantage in the treatment of severe COVID‐19 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. A prospective MIP cohort study was conducted in chest disease hospitals in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. In the present prospective, randomized clinical study, critically severe COVID‐19 patients were divided into two groups, the MIP group (n = 105) and the best standard treatment (BST) group (n = 210). Procalcitonin, ferritin, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer levels, and interleukin levels on 5th‐day posttreatment were significantly reduced in the MIP group compared to the BST group. Compared to the BST group, 105 consecutive patients with severe COVID‐19 in the MIP group reported early weaning off ventilation, resolution of chest architecture (computed tomography [CT] scan), a significant increase in SpO2 levels, and decreased mortality with a hazard ratio: 0.234 (95% confidence interval: 0.264–2.31) (p = 0.001). MIP restored SpO2, immune/inflammatory response, normalized lung abnormalities (chest CT scan), and reduced mortality without any serious complications. However, there is a need for placebo‐controlled double‐blind and controlled clinical trials to confirm the efficacy.
The prevalence of early‐ and late‐onset bacterial, viral, and fungal respiratory superinfections in invasively ventilated COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Paparoupa Maria , Aldemyati Razaz , Roggenkamp Hannes , Berinson Benjamin , Nörz Dominik , Olearo Flaminia , Kluge Stefan , Roedl Kevin , de Heer Geraldine , Wichmann Dominic 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe role of respiratory superinfections in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia remains unclear. We investigated the prevalence of early‐ and late‐onset superinfections in invasively ventilated patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to our department of intensive care medicine between March 2020 and November 2020. Of the 102 cases, 74 (72.5%) received invasive ventilation and were tested for viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens on Days 0–7, 8–14, and 15–21 after the initiation of mechanical ventilation. Approximately 45% developed one or more respiratory superinfections. There was a clear correlation between the duration of invasive ventilation and the prevalence of coinfecting pathogens. Male patients with obesity and those suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher probability to develop a respiratory superinfection. The prevalence of viral coinfections was high, with a predominance of the herpes simplex virus (HSV), followed by cytomegalovirus. No respiratory viruses or intracellular bacteria were detected in our cohort. We observed a high coincidence between Aspergillus fumigatus and HSV infection. Gram‐negative bacteria were the most frequent pathogen group. Klebsiella aerogenes was detected early after intubation, while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were related to a prolonged respiratory weaning.
The Southeast Asian monsoon and El Niño–Southern Oscillation impact on the summer atmospheric circulation of East Mediterranean during 20th century based on ERA‐20C and CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Logothetis Ioannis , Dafka Stella , Tourpali Kleareti , Misios Stergios , Zanis Prodromos , Xoplaki Elena , Luterbacher Jürg , Papagianoulis Eleftherios 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) are the dominant modes of climate variability affecting the tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we investigate the impact of ENSO episodes, through the modulation of the ISM configuration, on the Eastern Mediterranean (EMed) summer atmospheric circulation over the whole 20th century using state of the art model simulations from the 5th phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Results are validated against the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis, ERA‐20C. Our findings indicate that the variability of ENSO has a significant impact on the low and middle tropospheric circulation of EMed. La Niña (El Niño) events are related to stronger (weaker) ISM activity, which leads to a deepening (weakening) of the Persian low that affects the EMed tropospheric circulation with stronger (weaker) northerly surface winds over the area. Further, La Niña (El Niño) events are related with stronger (weaker) 500 hPa subsidence over the EMed and an intensification (weakening) of the Subtropical Jet Stream between 35°N to 50°N. This work improves our understanding of the teleconnections between ENSO variability and the EMed summer tropospheric circulation via the modulation of the ISM activity and stresses the importance of ENSO on the EMed climate in summer.
Effect of dietary fiber on gut barrier function, gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Can , Wang Yu‐yu , Wang Li‐li , Ojo Omorogieva , Feng Qian‐qian , Jiang Xiao‐song , Wang Xiao‐Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough some studies have explored the relationships between dietary fiber (DF) supplement and gut barrier function, changes of gut microbiota, and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, the results were not consistent.ObjectiveThe purpose was to explore the effect of DF on gut barrier function, gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inflammation, and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsA search was performed through five databases from inception to July 12, 2021. Data were expressed as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) with CI.ResultsTwenty‐one studies involving 2084 critically ill patients were included. There was a significant reduction in intestinal permeability, demonstrated by lactulose/rhamnose ratio (MD, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.00; P = 0.03) on day 8, C‐reactive protein on day 14 (MD, −36.66; 95% CI, −44.40 to −28.93; P < 0.001) and duration of hospital stay (MD, −3.16; 95% CI, −5.82 to −0.49; P < 0.05) after DF supplement. There were no significant differences in SCFA levels, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality between two groups. However, subgroup analysis results indicated significant decreases in duration of hospital stay and risk of mortality were seen in the subgroups with a supplementary fiber dose ≥20 g/day (MD, −5.62 [95% CI, −8.04 to −3.21; P < 0.0001]; OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.06–0.57; P = 0.004]), as well as in the medical intensive care unit (MD, −4.77 [95% CI, −7.48 to −2.07; P < 0.01]; OR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.03–0.65; P < 0.05]).ConclusionsDF may improve gut barrier function, modulate intestinal microbiota, decrease systemic inflammatory response, and advance clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.
Cave paleozoology in the Judean Desert: assembling records of Holocene wild mammal communities
Authors: Lazagabaster Ignacio A. , Égüez Natalia , Ullman Micka , Porat Roi , Wachtel Ido , Davidovich Uri , Marom Nimrod 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTLong temporal records of Holocene wild mammal communities are essential to examine the role of human impacts and climatic fluctuations in the configuration of modern ecosystems. We show that such records can be assembled through extensive radiocarbon dating of faunal remains obtained from biogenic cave deposits. We dated 110 mammalian remains from 19 different cave sites in the Judean Desert. We use the dates in combination with archaeological survey data and bone collagen/apatite δ13C values to study faunal succession in the context of Holocene climate change and human settlement history in the region. Our results suggest a change in the late Holocene, expressed in fewer observations of Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) and gazelle (Gazellaspp.), and an increase of Syrian striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena syriaca), fox (Vulpesspp.), Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) and rock hyrax (Procavia capensis); suids (Sus scrofa) appear for the first time. According to the data distribution, however, the probability of finding a bone diminishes exponentially with time, which implies that the Judean Desert cave paleozoological record is temporally biased. The weight of evidence ultimately favors an explanation of the observed patterns as the consequence of a combined anthropogenic and climatic impact on local food webs.
Gully erosion on alluvial fans can be mitigated by altering the hydrological connectivity between an alluvial fan and the contributing catchment: a study in the Lhasa River basin
Authors: Li Jianjun , Zhao Chunjing , Chen Tongde , Jiao Juying , Wang Haolin , Lin Hong , Wang Nan , Chen Yixian , Cao Xue , Xu Qian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the Lower Lhasa River basin of the Tibetan Plateau, gully erosion poses a threat to alluvial fans (AF), which are the main available land resource for agriculture. Runoff from the whole contributing catchment is concentrated in AF, which makes influencing factors of AF gully erosion more complex than it is for hillslopes. There is a lack of quantitative research about the influencing factors and mechanisms of AF gully erosion. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify gully erosion on AF; and (2) identify the controlling factors of gully erosion on AF. The gullies of 12 AF were investigated by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To help understand better the gully erosion on AF, nine morphological parameters were measured, four gully quantitative characteristics were calculated, and 16 factors affecting the gully erosion on AF were analyzed. The gully width–depth ratio of over 20 on the studied AF is larger than that usually seen in other regions. The mean value of gully amount density (GAD), gully density (GD), the degree of gully dissection (GDD), and gully volume modulus (GVM) were 26.51 km−2, 4.93 km·km−2, 7.16%, and 1.28 × 10−4 km3·km−2, respectively. Linear correlations showed a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the gully quantitative characteristics of AF and the catchment gully density. So, catchment gully density may indirectly affect gully erosion on AF by influencing hydrological connectivity and then changing generation and confluence processes of runoff in catchment. Therefore, gully erosion on AF can be mitigated by shifting hydrology pathway on AF and reducing hydrological connectivity in contributing catchment.
Form and substance: Visual content in CSR reports and investors’ perceptions
Authors: Invernizzi Anna C. , Bellucci Marco , Acuti Diletta , Manetti Giacomo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting is well recognized, the influence of the visual characteristics of CSR reports on stakeholders’ evaluations of companies is largely overlooked. Drawing on theories of the processing of fluency and legitimacy, this study deploys a content analysis and a realistic laboratory experiment to assess how the use of visuals in CSR reports affects investors’ perceptions. With an international sample of large companies, the content analysis explores how reports use visuals and convey messages to readers. The subsequent experiment measures the optimal number of images in reports related to social responsibility. Specifically, we investigate whether a larger number of images increases the processing fluency of investors. Based on the theoretical background and the content analysis findings, we expect that an increase in processing fluency reduces perceived hypocrisy and, in turn, increases perceived organizational legitimacy. The results show that a moderate number of images (vs. zero images or a high number of images) increases investors’ processing fluency and decreases their perception of hypocrisy, leading to higher levels of organizational legitimacy. This study concludes by providing actionable implications for how companies can improve their legitimacy through nonfinancial disclosure.
Continuous manufacturing technologies in upstream pharmaceutical supply chains: Combining engineering and managerial criteria
Authors: Aulakh Parminder Kaur , Settanni Ettore , Srai Jagjit Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in upstream pharmaceutical supply chains (PSC). One is that the global supply of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is overly dependent on few locations and large‐scale batch manufacturing. Regulators hope to enable more dependable location decisions and improved processing quality with the adoption of advanced technologies such as process intensification through continuous manufacturing (CM). Conceptual work suggests that the benefits of shifting from batch to CM accrue end‐to‐end across the PSC. Yet detailed quantitative information about CM is limited at an early stage of evaluation, and too specialised to inform managerial decisions about PSC reconfiguration. Supply chain and engineering criteria are rarely combined in the early‐stage evaluation of alternative CM technologies. Extant CM research typically overlooks implications for supply chain managers. To address the current gap, this article evaluates, at an early stage of adoption, alternative CM reactor technologies for the synthesis of APIs in selected therapeutic areas. With evidence from secondary data, relevant technologies and criteria are identified, and their relative importance is evaluated in a semi‐quantitative fashion following analytical hierarchy process (AHP) principles, ensuring that findings are intelligible to both engineers and managers. The proposed empirical work enriches previous conceptual frameworks predicated on volume‐variety considerations. Specifically, findings suggest that, all things considered, microreactor technologies outperform alternatives. However, PSC managerial considerations introduce nuances in specific therapeutic areas, for example, antivirals where a tension between complex chemistry and the need for flexibility in unit operations may favour batch manufacturing. For analgesics the need to exploit the existing manufacturing base whilst addressing inventory reduction favours technologies that incorporate elements of batch and CM. The proposed analysis is in line with real‐world decisions that global medicines manufacturers are increasingly facing, as governments seek to develop local health countermeasures to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the absence of detailed information.
Founder genetic variants of ABCC4 and ABCC11 in the Japanese population are not associated with the development of subacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy (SMON)
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Sasai Hideo , Kawamoto Norio , Katsuyama Masato , Minamiyama Makoto , Kuru Satoshi , Fukao Toshiyuki , Ohnishi Hidenori ,   SMON research group members
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy (SMON) is a severe neurological disorder associated with clioquinol administration, which frequently occurred in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s. The unique genetic background of the Japanese population is considered to be strongly involved in the development of this neurological disease. Recently, genetic variants of ABCC4 (OMIM: 605250) and ABCC11 (OMIM: 607040), which are particularly common in the Japanese population, were suggested as possible genetic susceptibility factors for the development of SMON.MethodsWe analyzed 125 Japanese SMON patients who provided consent for this study. Patient DNA was collected from peripheral blood, and genetic analysis was performed for ABCC4 rs3765534 (c.2268G>A, p.Glu857Lys) and ABCC11 rs17822931 (c.538G>A, p.Gly180Arg) polymorphisms using the Sanger sequencing method and/or TaqMan PCR method. The frequency distribution of each polymorphism was compared with that in healthy Japanese people recorded in two genomic databases (Human Genomic Variation Database and Integrative Japanese Genome Variation Database), and each genotype was compared with the clinical features of patients.ResultsThe frequencies of ABCC4 rs3765334 and ABCC11 rs17822931 polymorphisms in SMON patients and healthy Japanese people were not significantly different in the multifaceted analysis.ConclusionWe conclude that the ABCC4 rs3765334 and ABCC11 rs17822931 polymorphisms are not associated with the development of SMON.