bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Delmonico Richard L. , Theodore Brian R. , Sandel M. Elizabeth , Armstrong Mary Anne , Camicia Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have identified an association between traumatic brain injuries and the development of psychiatric disorders in general. However, these studies were subject to limitations that demonstrate the need for a study of a large, clearly defined mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) population within an integrated healthcare system.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and relative risk of postinjury affective disorders over 4 years following mTBI.DesignCohort study of mTBI cases and matched controls, over a 4‐year period.SettingAn integrated healthcare delivery system in California.PatientsA total of 9428 adult health plan members diagnosed with mTBI from 2000–2007 and enrolled in the year before injury, during which no TBI was ascertained. Control participants included 18,856 individuals selected based on the following criteria: Two unexposed health plan members per each mTBI‐exposed patient were randomly selected and individually matched for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and medical comorbidities.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresA diagnosis of affective disorder (depressive, anxiety, and adjustment disorders) in the 4 years after mTBI or the reference date, determined according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision.ResultsAffective disorders were most prominent during the first 12 months with 23% following mTBI and 14% in the control group. Four‐year aggregate adjusted odds ratios for having an affective disorder following mTBI were 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.2; p < .001) and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.5, 1.6; p < .001) for patients with and without prior affective disorders, respectively.ConclusionmTBI was associated with a significantly increased risk of having subsequent affective disorders. Screening for and addressing affective disorders at earlier stages following the injury is an important step to avoid persisting conditions that may pose a barrier to full recovery.
Do collective bargaining rights save lives? A rare event analysis of firefighter fatalities in the United States
Authors: Wells Dominic D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRisk analysis research often focuses on regulation, assessment, and management rather than risk governance. This study contributes to the risk governance literature by analyzing the relationship between collective bargaining rights for firefighters and firefighter fatalities in the United States. Using state‐level data from 2009 through 2018, this analysis shows that states with duty‐to‐bargain rights for firefighters have fewer firefighter fatalities than those without duty‐to‐bargain rights. Further, this analysis shows that the benefit of duty‐to‐bargain rights dissipates in states with a high percentage of fully volunteer fire departments. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications for fire departments and public policy.
Subgroup discovery in non‐inferiority trials
Authors: Fazzari Melissa J. , Kim Mimi Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApproaches and guidelines for performing subgroup analysis to assess heterogeneity of treatment effect in clinical trials have been the topic of numerous papers in the statistical and clinical literature, but have been discussed predominantly in the context of conventional superiority trials. Concerns about treatment heterogeneity are the same if not greater in non‐inferiority (NI) trials, especially since overall similarity between two treatment arms in a successful NI trial could be due to the existence of qualitative interactions that are more likely when comparing two active therapies. Even in unsuccessful NI trials, subgroup analyses can yield important insights about the potential reasons for failure to demonstrate non‐inferiority of the experimental therapy. Recent NI trials have performed a priori subgroup analyses using standard statistical tests for interaction, but there is increasing interest in more flexible machine learning approaches for post‐hoc subgroup discovery. The performance and practical application of such methods in NI trials have not been systematically explored, however. We considered the Virtual Twin method for the NI setting, an algorithm for subgroup identification that combines random forest with classification and regression trees, and conducted extensive simulation studies to examine its performance under different NI trial conditions and to devise decision rules for selecting the final subgroups. We illustrate the utility of the method with data from a NI trial that was conducted to compare two acupuncture treatments for chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Preparation of Ni2P Decorated Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Supported on Two‐Dimensional α‐Zirconium Phosphate and Its Catalysis for Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene
Authors: Li Jia , Ma Hongqin , Wang Jie , Luo Xinyue , Yu Luqi , Gao Junyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel Ni2P/black phosphorus (Ni2P/BP) supported on two‐dimensional α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) hybrid material was prepared, and its catalytic activity for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was investigated. Through the reaction of nickel salt with BP nanosheets obtained by freeze‐assisted exfoliation method, Ni2P nanoparticles can be formed and firmly anchored on the surface of BP, effectively preventing themselves from aggregating. BP is not only used as the phosphorus source for the synthesis of Ni2P, but its superior electron mobility can significantly promote the catalytic HDS activity of Ni2P species. Moreover, the support of two‐dimensional α‐ZrP nanosheets with a large specific surface area has a strong structure, which greatly improves the stability of catalyst. The Ni2P/BP@ZrP catalyst could reach a dibenzothiophene (DBT) conversion of 87.4 % within 6 h at 260 °C, much higher than the traditional NiMo/Al2O3catalyst (65.6 %), showing a promising application for industrial catalytic desulfurization.
Derivative Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Discrete Wavelet Transform for the Simultaneous Determination of Codeine and Thebaine by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Moghtader Mehdi , Bahram Morteza , Farhadi Khalil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main problem that limits the application of Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) in simultaneous determinations is the presence of background interference, which affects the accurate multicomponent determinations due to the overlapping of the voltammetric signals. This study represents the chemometrics processing of a series of the first‐derivative LSVs, recorded on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Poly L‐methionine, using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to compress the resulting data and feedforward back‐propagation Artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the simultaneous determination of codeine and thebaine, as two opium alkaloids. Linear univariate calibration curves using first‐derivative voltammograms were obtained in the ranges 2–1000 μM for codeine (at Ep=814 mV) and 5–500 μM for thebaine (at Ep=741 mV), respectively. Besides, the excellent regression parameters for the comparison graphs of ANNs and satisfactory recoveries in real serum samples in the ranges 98–102 % for codeine and 90–107 % for thebaine indicate the applicability of the proposed method for routine simultaneous analyses.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Over BiOI Calcined at Different Temperature Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Kivyiro Adinas Oswald , Darkwah Williams Kweku , Bofah‐Buoh Robert , Koomson Desmond Ato , Sandrine Masso Kody Christelle , Puplampu Joshua Buer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSynthesis of photocatalysts with high charge separation and transfer efficiency are of huge significance in the photocatalytic waste water treatment technology. Herein, we report the phase transformation of bismuth oxyiodide through the facile calcination of BiOI microsphere at different temperatures. Different phases including BiOI, Bi4O5I2 and Bi5O7I were obtained as confirmed by different characterization techniques studied. The synthesized photocatalysts depicted high visible light absorption efficiency in a range of ∼ 655 to 420 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized photocatalyst were studied on the reduction of the highly carcinogenic and toxic hexavalent chromium as the representative heavy metal in waste water. Bi4O5I2 depicted high photocatalytic activity (k=0.0366 min−1) which was ascribed to high charge separation and transfer as evidenced in PL, photocurrent response and EIS. This study may furnish a new concept in designing a series of phases that are more advantageous in solar energy conversion.
Controlled Synthesis of NiCoP/g‐C3N4 Heterostructured Hybrids for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Zhengyun , Xu Wentao , Ding Tao , Yang Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn innovative system of graphitic C3N4 with NiCoP as two‐component heterostructured hybrids (NiCoP/g‐C3N4) with efficiently photocatalytic performances for hydrogen production is demonstrated and a simple, morphologically controlled catalyst with an extremely low phosphide load was developed. The hydrogengenerate rate is 1067.11 μmol g−1 h−1 using 1 ωt% NiCoP/g‐C3N4. The incorporation of monodisperse NiCoP nanoparticles into g‐C3N4 effectively optimizes the electronic structures of the hybrids, enhances the corresponding interaction and the activity of hydrogen catalytic site, Moreover,NiCoP/g‐C3N4 Heterostructured Hybrids displayed the favorable stability during the photocatalytic.
Structural Trends in 3 d–4 f Systems. Part II: Ln(NO3)3‐Cu(NO3)2‐2,2‐biyridine/5,5‐dimethyl‐2,2‐bipyridine (Ln=La‐Nd, Sm‐Lu)
Authors: Thatipamula Krishna C. , Bhargavi Govindugari , Rajasekharan Melath V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of thirty six complexes obtained from acetonitrile solutions of Cu(NO3)2, Ln(NO3)3 and 2,2‐biyridine or 5,5‐dimethyl‐2,2‐bipyridine (Ln=La‐Yb excluding Pm) have been characterized. The crystals may be grouped into six types: Type‐I, [Cu(bpy)3][La(NO3)5(OH2)]; Type‐II, [Cu(bpy)3][Ln(NO3)5(OH2)] ⋅ 2CH3CN (Ln=Ce, Pr); Type‐IIa, [Cu(5,5‐dmbpy)3][Ln(NO3)5(OH2)] ⋅ 2CH3CN (Ln=La, Ce); Type‐III, [Cu(bpy)3][Ln(NO3)5] (Ln=Nd, Sm–Lu); Type‐IIIa [Cu(5,5‐dmbpy)3][Ln(NO3)5] (Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm‐Lu); Type‐IV, [Cu(5,5‐dmbpy)2(NO3)]2[Ln(NO3)5(OH2)]⋅CH3CN [Ln=La‐Nd, Sm‐Tb). The coordination numbers of the nitrato and aquonitrato lanthanide anions are 10 and 11, respectively. The tris‐chelates in Types I, II and IIIa undergo static Jahn‐Teller distortion while Types IIa and III support fluxional tris‐chelate ions. Type‐IV contains distortion isomers of [Cu(5,5‐dmbpy)2NO3]+. The structural trends are analysed in terms of lanthanide contraction and non‐covalent interactions in the crystals. EPR and electronic spectral characteristics are discussed for the six types of compounds.
Efficiently Constructing Tetrahydroquinolines through Cascade Radical Additions and Cyclizations under the Catalysis of CuI
Authors: Zhou Weiyou , Tian Xiaoting , Zhen Yingxing , Wang Anwei , He Mingyang , Sun Shixin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the construction of tetrahydroquinolines from N,N‐dimethylanilines and electron‐deficient alkenes based on CuCl/O2. A wide scope of substrates could be well tolerated, and excellent yields of the products were obtained. A series of control experiments and kinetic isotope effect experiments have been performed to gain insight of the catalytic reaction pathway. The reaction is probably initiated by the reaction of CuI and molecular oxygen to give copper(II) superoxide (CuIIOO.) as the key reactive intermediate. The formed CuIIOO. species can directly abstract a hydrogen from the α‐site of nitrogen to give the α‐amino radical intermediate, which then finishes the transformation via radical addition and cyclization.
Oxygen‐derived free radicals: Production, biological importance, bioimaging, and analytical detection with responsive luminescent nanoprobes
Authors: Liu Jianping , Wu Miaomiao , Zhang Run , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxygen‐derived free radicals (ODFRs) are partially reduced oxygen reactive intermediates in living organisms during various biological processes, such as mitochondrial respirations, enzyme‐catalyzed oxidations, and radiolysis. Of various ODFRs being identified, superoxide anion (O2•–) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals are extensively investigated. Due to their high reactivity, these radicals can oxidize many biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, which would damage some key cellular components. Under oxidative stress, elevated oxygen radical levels are closely associated with various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. In this context, a number of responsive nanoprobes have been developed for luminescent detection of ODFRs in living organisms. In this review, we briefly introduce the production of ODFRs and their biological importance for various diseases. We then extensively summarize responsive nanoprobes for detection and bioimaging of these two oxygen radicals, O2•–and •OH, which are designed and developed based on their specific oxidation mechanisms in the recent decade. Challenges and some future research directions are also proposed as the conclusion.
Microexon alternative splicing of small GTPase regulators: Implication in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Lee Jee‐San , Lamarche‐Vane Nathalie , Richard Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroexons are small sized (≤51 bp) exons which undergo extensive alternative splicing in neurons, microglia, embryonic stem cells, and cancer cells, giving rise to cell type specific protein isoforms. Due to their small sizes, microexons provide a unique challenge for the splicing machinery. They frequently lack exon splicer enhancers/repressors and require specialized neighboring trans‐regulatory and cis‐regulatory elements bound by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) for their inclusion. The functional consequences of including microexons within mRNAs have been extensively documented in the central nervous system (CNS) and aberrations in their inclusion have been observed to lead to abnormal processes. Despite the increasing evidence for microexons impacting cellular physiology within CNS, mechanistic details illustrating their functional importance in diseases of the CNS is still limited. In this review, we discuss the unique characteristics of microexons, and how RBPs participate in regulating their inclusion and exclusion during splicing. We consider recent findings of microexon alternative splicing and their implication for regulating the function of small GTPases in the context of the microglia, and we extrapolate these findings to what is known in neurons. We further discuss the emerging evidence for dysregulation of the Rho GTPase pathway in CNS diseases and the consequences contributed by the mis‐splicing of microexons.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
PageRank: B
Authors: Walrand Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we take a second look at the concepts that we introduced in PageRank-A. The main ideas concern the long-term behavior of Markov chains and, in particular, the significance of the invariant distribution. As explained in the Introduction, part B of each chapter can be omitted in an introductory course.Section 2.1 discusses the sample space of a Markov chain: the outcomes and their probability. Section 2.2 explains the meaning of the weak and strong laws of large numbers. Section 2.3 proves these results for independent and identically distributed random variables. Section 2.4 proves the strong law of large numbers for Markov chains. Section 2.5 concludes the chapter by proving the Big Theorem for Markov chains.
Rückgang der Arbeits- und Wegeunfälle während des 1. Lockdowns 2020 im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Hoffeld Kai , Pflüger Patrick , Pförringer Dominik , Hofmeister Martin , Stuby Fabian , Biberthaler Peter 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Reduktion der SARS-CoV-2-Infektionszahlen wurden Maßnahmen wie z. B. Kontakt- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen getroffen, die schließlich im „1. Lockdown“ mündeten. Dies sollte Kapazitäten im Gesundheitssystem zur Bewältigung der Pandemie schaffen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es wird analysiert, ob während des Lockdowns die Anzahl der Arbeits- und Wegeunfälle im Vergleich zum Zeitraum der Jahre 2015–2019 gesunken ist.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden retrospektiv alle Arbeits- und Wegeunfälle, die während des Beobachtungszeitraumes 16.03.–04.05.2020 im Klinikum rechts der Isar sowie in der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Murnau behandelt wurden, mit den Zahlen aus demselben Beobachtungszeitraum der Jahre 2015 bis 2019 verglichen. Die Daten über die Fallzahlen nach dem Durchgangsarztverfahren (DAV) wurden weitergehend nach dem Verletzungsartenverzeichnis der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) in Fälle des Verletzungsartenverfahrens (VAV) und Schwerstverletzungsartenverfahrens (SAV) aufgeschlüsselt. Zudem wurden die erhobenen Daten mit Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes zu den Zahlen der Verkehrsunfälle und Verkehrstoten verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden insgesamt 4313 Fälle berücksichtigt. Im Jahr 2020 sank die Zahl der Arbeits- und Wegeunfälle im Vergleich zum Beobachtungszeitraum 2015–2019 um 31 %. Die VAV-Fälle waren 2020 um 26 % verringert. Die SAV-Fälle sind im Jahr 2020 um 5 % gesunken. Die Zahl der Straßenverkehrsunfälle sank in den ersten 4 Monaten im Jahr 2020 im Vergleich zu den ersten 4 Monaten 2019 um 17 %; die Zahl der Verkehrstoten sank um 11 %.

Diskussion
Es zeigt sich ein Rückgang der Arbeits- und Wegeunfälle um 31 %. Dies hat zur Ressourcenreallokation im Rahmen der Pandemie beigetragen. Dennoch zeigen sich nahezu konstante Zahlen schwerstverletzter Patienten und Unfalltoter, was die Relevanz unfallchirurgischer Strukturen besonders in Krisenzeiten aufzeigt und in der Kalkulation der intensivmedizinischen Ressourcen unabdingbar macht.
Management of Morgagni's Hernia in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Katsaros Ioannis , Katelani Stamatia , Giannopoulos Spyridon , Machairas Nikolaos , Kykalos Stylianos , Koliakos Nikolaos , Kapetanakis Emmanouil I. , Bakopoulos Anargyros , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMorgagni's hernia (MH) is defined by the protrusion of abdominal viscera through an anterior retrosternal diaphragmatic defect. The objective of this study was to systematically review current literature on MHs in adult population and assess their clinical characteristics and therapeutic approach.MethodsPubMed and Cochrane bibliographical databases were searched (last search: 15th January 2021) for studies concerning MHs.ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 189 studies that included 310 patients (61.0% females) with an age of 57.37 ± 18.41 (mean ± SD) years. Pulmonary symptoms, abdominal pain, and nausea‐vomit were among the most frequent symptomatology. MHs were predominantly right‐sided (84.0%), with greater omentum (74.5%) and transverse colon (65.1%) being the most commonly herniated viscera. The majority of cases underwent an open procedure, while 42.3% of patients had a minimally invasive procedure. Abdominal approach was mostly preferred, while a thoracic one was chosen at 20.6% of cases and a thoracoabdominal at 3.2%. Thirty‐day postoperative complications were recorded at 29 patients and 30‐day mortality was 2.3%.ConclusionsMH is a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia which rarely manifests in adult population with atypical pulmonary and gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgery is the gold standard for their management. Open surgical approach is preferable in emergency cases, while laparoscopic surgery is favored in elective setting and is associated with shorter hospitalization. Further studies are crucial in order to elucidate etiology and optimal therapeutic approach.
[18F]FDG uptake of axillary lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination in oncological PET/CT: frequency, intensity, and potential clinical impact
Authors: Skawran Stephan , Gennari Antonio G. , Dittli Manuel , Treyer Valerie , Muehlematter Urs J. , Maurer Alexander , Burger Irene A. , Mader Cäcilia , Messerli Olivia , Grünig Hannes , Gebhard Catherine , Huellner Martin W. , Curioni-Fontecedro Alessandra , Berger Christoph , Messerli Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the frequency, intensity, and clinical impact of [18F]FDG-avidity of axillary lymph nodes after vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in patients referred for oncological FDG PET/CT.

Methods
One hundred forty patients referred for FDG PET/CT during February and March 2021 after first or second vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna were retrospectively included. FDG-avidity of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes was measured and compared. Assuming no knowledge of prior vaccination, metastatic risk was analyzed by two readers and the clinical impact was evaluated.

Results
FDG PET/CT showed FDG-avid lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection in 75/140 (54%) patients with a mean SUVmax of 5.1 (range 2.0 – 17.3). FDG-avid lymph nodes were more frequent in patients vaccinated with Moderna than Pfizer-BioNTech (36/50 [72%] vs. 39/90 [43%] cases, p < 0.001). Metastatic risk of unilateral FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes was rated unlikely in 52/140 (37%), potential in 15/140 (11%), and likely in 8/140 (6%) cases. Clinical management was affected in 17/140 (12%) cases.

Conclusions
FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes are common after COVID-19 vaccination. The avidity of lymph nodes is more frequent in Moderna compared to that in Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. To avoid relatively frequent clinical dilemmas, we recommend carefully taking the history for prior vaccination in patients undergoing FDG PET/CT and administering the vaccine contralateral to primary cancer.

Key Points
• PET/CT showed FDG-avid axillary lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site in 54% of 140 oncological patients after COVID-19 vaccination.
• FDG-avid lymphadenopathy was observed significantly more frequently in Moderna compared to patients receiving Pfizer-BioNTech-vaccines.
• Patients should be screened for prior COVID-19 vaccination before undergoing PET/CT to enable individually tailored recommendations for clinical management.