bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling transmission of hexavalent chromium concentration and its health cost with a water quality analysis simulation program
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu , Tseng Chao‐Heng , Chen Yun‐Ting 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP7) was used to evaluate the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water–sediment system and its flux into cultivated soils. The agricultural areas adjacent to the Wu River in Taiwan were taken as the study area, as these soils were heavily polluted with Cr(VI) concentrations of 2173–3271 μg/kg. The rates of accumulation of Cr(VI) are affected by the distance from the source of contamination and the size and type of cultivated areas. The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (4.27 mg/kg) were detected in soil from Changhua city and correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer in residents. Specifically, the risk of gastric cancer due to Cr(VI) contamination of agricultural soil was
in Taichung city (upstream) and
–
in Changhua county (downstream). The values of statistical life‐years (VSLYs) were US$6.2–10 million for rice, US$42–60 million for corn, and US$360–580 million for other vegetables, respectively, each year. It is critical that techniques other than source reduction are used to reduce human exposure to Cr(VI), such as chemical oxidation or ion‐exchange treatment to remove Cr(VI) from factory wastewaters, prior to their discharge into rivers.Practitioner points

This study evaluated the transmission of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination in a water–sediment–soil system.
Maximum concentrations of Cr(VI) most rapidly accumulated in the smallest cultivated areas.
The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) (3.3 mg/kg) were correlated with the greater risk of gastric cancer.
Young children had a threefold greater risk of gastric cancer than adults.
Techniques other than source reduction are prior to their discharge into rivers.
Crystal structure, Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties of GdW6Cl15, TbW6Cl15, and EuW6Cl14
Authors: Pachel Florian , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTernary compounds with the [M6X14]2− (M=Mo, W; X=Cl, Br, I) cluster have been established with several counter cations. Herein, we report examples of the ternary rare‐earth (RE) compounds REW6Cl15 and REW6Cl14. Preparations of the compounds GdW6Cl15, TbW6Cl15 and EuW6Cl14 are accomplished by solid‐state reactions of W6Cl12 and RECl3 (RE=Gd, Tb), or EuCl2 at 575 °C in fused silica tubing. GdW6Cl15 and TbW6Cl15 crystallize in the space group C2/c and EuW6Cl14 in Pn
, isotypic to BiW6Cl15 (REW6Cl15) and PbMo6Cl15 (EuW6Cl14) according to X‐ray powder diffraction. Crystal structures are discussed in the light of related compounds, and properties such as magnetism and photoluminescence are reported.
The Mobility of the Elderly and Family-Based Care: A Case Study of Chinese Migrant (Grand)Parents
Authors: Zhao Yan , Huang Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on elderly Chinese migrants, who have migrated within the country in order to take care of their grandchildren. It explores these grandparents’ mobility in relation to the intergenerational contract on care, a cultural praxis that constitutes the core of the family-based care regime in China. Based on qualitative data from 16 in-depth interviews with migrant grandparents living in Shenzhen, we analyse their decisions to move and their future plans regarding the dilemma of whether to stay or to return home. The analysis is embedded in recent discussions of Chinese descending familism or neo-familism. Additionally, the chapter proposes to add a welfare perspective in order to better understand the continuing internal migrations in China and highlights the connections between the migration of the elderly and China’s family-based care regime into which the care arrangements within the family are incorporated. Inspired by the concept of the ‘welfare resource environment’, we propose a conceptualisation of a translocal care space comprising transversal generational, sibling and in-law relations in order to understand the mobility of older migrants in relation to the care needs and arrangements within the family. Consequently, the mobility of the elderly can be understood as being determined by how these older migrants position themselves within the translocal care space.
Welfare Considerations Underpinning Healthcare Workers’ Decision About Migration: The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Vah Jevšnik Mojca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the complex interplay of welfare-related considerations of healthcare workers underpinning their decision to emigrate. The concepts of welfare used here refer to the subjective perceptions of wellbeing of individual workers as well as statutory procedures and policies in place to provide them with social security and public services within different welfare-state regimes. Given the fact that healthcare workers are themselves providers of welfare to those in need of medical treatment and care, the chapter also discusses the workers’ ethical considerations about leaving patients behind on the one hand and pursuance of providing healthcare in other countries on the other. Hence, it explores how the provision of welfare to others builds into their own imaginaries and feeds the rationale behind the decision to migrate. The chapter builds on the findings from 27 semi-structured interviews conducted with healthcare workers who emigrated from Slovenia. Furthermore, the Slovenian case is used to illustrate the impact of their ground-level subjective decisions on systemic and normative frameworks in times of persistent shortages of healthcare workers in Slovenia.
Conservation and integrability in lower-dimensional gravity
Authors: Ruzziconi Romain , Zwikel Céline 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We address the questions of conservation and integrability of the charges in two and three-dimensional gravity theories at infinity. The analysis is performed in a framework that allows us to treat simultaneously asymptotically locally AdS and asymptotically locally flat spacetimes. In two dimensions, we start from a general class of models that includes JT and CGHS dilaton gravity theories, while in three dimensions, we work in Einstein gravity. In both cases, we construct the phase space and renormalize the divergences arising in the symplectic structure through a holographic renormalization procedure. We show that the charge expressions are generically finite, not conserved but can be made integrable by a field-dependent redefinition of the asymptotic symmetry parameters.
New non-extremal and BPS hairy black holes in gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity
Authors: Anabalon Andres , Astefanesei Dumitru , Gallerati Antonio , Trigiante Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article we study a family of four-dimensional, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity theories that interpolates between all the single dilaton truncations of the SO(8) gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity. In this infinitely many theories characterized by two real numbers — the interpolation parameter and the dyonic “angle” of the gauging — we construct non-extremal electrically or magnetically charged black hole solutions and their supersymmetric limits. All the supersymmetric black holes have non-singular horizons with spherical, hyperbolic or planar topology. Some of these supersymmetric and non-extremal black holes are new examples in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 theory that do not belong to the STU model. We compute the asymptotic charges, thermodynamics and boundary conditions of these black holes and show that all of them, except one, introduce a triple trace deformation in the dual theory.
Convex semigroups on $$L^p$$-like spaces
Authors: Denk Robert , Kupper Michael , Nendel Max 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate convex semigroups on Banach lattices with order continuous norm, having$$L^p$$Lp-spaces in mind as a typical application. We show that the basic results from linear$$C_0$$C0-semigroup theory extend to the convex case. We prove that the generator of a convex$$C_0$$C0-semigroup is closed and uniquely determines the semigroup whenever the domain is dense. Moreover, the domain of the generator is invariant under the semigroup, a result that leads to the well-posedness of the related Cauchy problem. In a last step, we provide conditions for the existence and strong continuity of semigroup envelopes for families of$$C_0$$C0-semigroups. The results are discussed in several examples such as semilinear heat equations and nonlinear integro-differential equations.
Bikondylärer Oberflächenersatz des Kniegelenkes beim jungen Patienten – ein Update
Authors: Egloff Christian , Hirschmann Michael T. , Moret Céline , Henle Philipp , Ellenrieder Martin , Tischer Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der durchgeführten Knietotalendoprothesen (KTEP) nimmt jedes Jahr kontinuierlich zu. Ungefähr 10 % davon betreffen Patienten unter 55 Jahren, obwohl bekannt ist, dass in dieser Altersgruppe die Zufriedenheit und die funktionellen Ergebnisse geringer und die Revisionsrate höher ausfällt. Vermehrte Aktivität und erhöhtes Anspruchsdenken machen die Endoprothetik in dieser Altersgruppe zu einer besonderen Herausforderung. Gleichzeitig ist der Anteil posttraumatischer Gonarthrosen deutlich erhöht, was in Anbetracht ligamentärer und knöcherner Vorschäden eine schwierigere operative Versorgung bedeutet. Bei fortgeschrittenen Arthrosen in mehreren Kompartimenten mit/ohne begleitender ligamentärer Instabilität muss jedoch ein totalendoprothetischer Ersatz auch bei jüngeren Patienten erwogen werden. Die sorgfältige Indikationsstellung für die KTEP und die eingehende Patientenaufklärung (Chancen, Risiken, erreichbare Leistungsfähigkeit in Beruf und Alltag) sind gerade bei jüngeren Patienten starke Prädiktoren für ein gutes Resultat.
Friction coefficient of solid lubricating coating as a function of contact pressure: experimental results and microscale modeling
Authors: Białas Marcin , Maciejewski Jan , Kucharski Stanisław 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper presents experimental analysis of relation between friction coefficient and contact pressure of $$\hbox {MoS}_2$$

MoS
2

film deposited on $$\hbox {Ti}_6\hbox {Al}_4\hbox {V}$$

Ti
6

Al
4

V

substrate in contact with sapphire ball during reciprocating sliding motion. It is shown that the value of friction coefficient decreases with increasing contact pressure. A microscale modeling approach is next developed to mimic the experimental observations. Representative volume element is defined based on the actual topography of outer surface of $$\hbox {MoS}_2$$

MoS
2

film. Assuming thermo-elastic material properties, the calculations on the asperity level are performed in two steps. Firstly, the mechanical contact between two surfaces is calculated. As a result, the relation between the global load and micro-stress distribution is obtained. Secondly, for a given stress load, thermal analysis is performed providing temperature fluctuation within simplified conical asperity. By assuming relation between friction coefficient and temperature on the microscale, it is possible to obtain macroscopic friction coefficient as a function of contact pressure. In the end, model results are compared with experimental data. The novel aspects of presented approach lie in the selection of three main factors on a micro-level defining macroscopic friction. They are actual surface topography, microscopic temperature and microscopic friction-temperature relation.
Why do informal markets remain informal: the role of tacit knowledge in an Indian footwear cluster
Authors: Goyal Yugank , Heine Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhy do informal markets resist formalizing, even when the gains of doing so outweigh its costs in the long run? While a number of responses to this question have been advanced, we discover that part of the reason could be located in the tacit knowledge (attributed to Polanyi, Hayek) embedded in the marketplace, on which market institutions run. This factor is not fully explored yet. Tacit (idiosyncratic, inarticulate, nonconscious) knowledge is acquired personally through experience and cannot be transferred or conveyed to anyone. This is the knowledge we use to act without knowing it in a propositional form. We present the case of one of India’s largest informal footwear cluster, located in the city of Agra. We show that informal markets, hinged on tacit knowledge, cannot evolve easily and therefore may remain locked-in, despite external pressures or incentives to formalize. The study shows that efforts to overcome informality and reaping the benefits of formalized market structures cannot be done without taking cognizance of the sticky intangible knowledge on which these markets rest.
Integration of data across toxicity endpoints for improved safety assessment of chemicals: the example of carcinogenicity assessment
Authors: Madia Federica , Pillo Gelsomina , Worth Andrew , Corvi Raffaella , Prieto Pilar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn view of the need to enhance the assessment of consumer products called for in the EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability, we developed a methodology for evaluating hazard by combining information across different systemic toxicity endpoints and integrating the information with new approach methodologies. This integrates mechanistic information with a view to avoiding redundant in vivo studies, minimising reliance on apical endpoint tests and ultimately devising efficient testing strategies. Here, we present the application of our methodology to carcinogenicity assessment, mapping the available information from toxicity test methods across endpoints to the key characteristics of carcinogens. Test methods are deconstructed to allow the information they provide to be organised in a systematic way, enabling the description of the toxicity mechanisms leading to the adverse outcome. This integrated approach provides a flexible and resource-efficient means of fully exploiting test methods for which test guidelines are available to fulfil regulatory requirements for systemic toxicity assessment as well as identifying where new methods can be integrated.
A Random Dynamical Systems Perspective on Isochronicity for Stochastic Oscillations
Authors: Engel Maximilian , Kuehn Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor an attracting periodic orbit (limit cycle) of a deterministic dynamical system, one defines the isochron for each point of the orbit as the cross-section with fixed return time under the flow. Equivalently, isochrons can be characterized as stable manifolds foliating neighborhoods of the limit cycle or as level sets of an isochron map. In recent years, there has been a lively discussion in the mathematical physics community on how to define isochrons for stochastic oscillations, i.e. limit cycles or heteroclinic cycles exposed to stochastic noise. The main discussion has concerned an approach finding stochastic isochrons as sections of equal expected return times versus the idea of considering eigenfunctions of the backward Kolmogorov operator. We discuss the problem in the framework of random dynamical systems and introduce a new rigorous definition of stochastic isochrons as random stable manifolds for random periodic solutions with noise-dependent period. This allows us to establish a random version of isochron maps whose level sets coincide with the random stable manifolds. Finally, we discuss links between the random dynamical systems interpretation and the equal expected return time approach via averaged quantities.
Atypical presentation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease as subglottic stenosis: a case-based review
Authors: Atienza-Mateo Belén , Díaz de Terán-López Teresa , Gómez-Román Javier , Sánchez Laura , Mons-Lera Roberto , Rubio-Suárez Antonio , Cifrián José Manuel , González-Gay Miguel Á. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently recognized fibro-inflammatory pathology that has been reported to affect principally the retroperitoneum, hepatobiliary system, salivary glands, orbital structures or lymph nodes. However, IgG4-RD with laryngeal involvement is a very rare entity. Our aims were to describe a case of subglottic stenosis as first and only manifestation of IgG4-RD and review the literature. A patient with IgG4-RD affecting the larynx that presented as subglottic stenosis is described. A MEDLINE database search of IgG4-RD cases with laryngopharyngeal manifestations was also conducted. A 30-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to a tertiary care hospital for dyspnea on exertion, which had been increasing for the last 4 months. Medical and surgical procedures revealed a subglottic stenosis, with a histological finding of IgG4 positive plasma cell infiltration. There was no evidence of other organ involvement. She was successfully treated with oral glucocorticoids and rituximab infusions. Glucocorticoids were rapidly tapered and the rituximab regimen was optimized, with no evidence of relapses. In the literature review, we found a total of 12 reported cases with laryngopharyngeal involvement, two of them with subglottic stenosis. IgG4-RD of the larynx is rare but should be considered after excluding more common disorders.
Assessing treatment response after intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guerin induction cycle: are routine bladder biopsies necessary?
Authors: Calò Beppe , Sanguedolce Francesca , Falagario Ugo G. , Chirico Marco , Fortunato Francesca , Carvalho-Diaz Emanuel , Busetto Gian Maria , Bettocchi Carlo , Carrieri Giuseppe , Cormio Luigi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the need for routine bladder biopsies (BBs) in assessing response to the induction cycle of intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsOur prospectively maintained NMIBC database was queried to identify patients with high-risk disease (carcinoma in situ, high-grade Ta/T1) who underwent BBs after BCG induction cycle. Urine cytology, cystoscopy, and BBs findings were evaluated.ResultsA total of 219 patients met the inclusion criteria. Urine cytology was positive in 20 patients and negative in 199; cystoscopy was positive in 35 patients, suspicious in 32 and normal in 152 patients. BBs yielded bladder cancer (BCa) in 43 (19.6%) patients, with a BCa rate of 9.3% in patients with negative cytology and cystoscopy as opposed to 38.0% in patients whereby one or both exams were suspicious/positive. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology, cystoscopy, and combined tests was 0.56, 0.70, and 0.71, respectively. The negative predictive value of combined tests was 90.7%. Performing BBs only in patients with positive cytology and/or positive/suspicious cystoscopy would have spared 140 (64%) patients to undergo this procedure while missing BCa in 13 (9.3%) of them, representing 30% of all BCa cases.ConclusionPerforming BBs only in patients with positive cytology and suspicious/positive cystoscopy would spare 64% of un-necessary BBs but miss a non-negligible number of BCas. While no data are available regarding the potential consequences of missing such BCas, such information should be taken into account in patient’s counselling.
Stochastic evaluation of stress and strain distributions in duplex steel
Authors: Krause Maximilian , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAustenite–ferrite duplex steels generally consist of two differently textured polycrystalline phases with different glide mechanisms. For estimating the effective mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials, there exist well established approaches, two of which are the classes of mean-field and full-field methods. In this work, the local fields resulting from these different approaches are compared using analytical calculations and full-field simulations. Duplex steels of various textures measured using X-ray diffraction are considered. Special emphasis is given to the influence of the crystallographic texture on the stress and strain distributions.
In-Memory Interval Joins
Authors: Bouros Panagiotis , Mamoulis Nikos , Tsitsigkos Dimitrios , Terrovitis Manolis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interval join is a popular operation in temporal, spatial, and uncertain databases. The majority of interval join algorithms assume that input data reside on disk and so, their focus is to minimize the I/O accesses. Recently, an in-memory approach based on plane sweep (PS) for modern hardware was proposed which greatly outperforms previous work. However, this approach relies on a complex data structure and its parallelization has not been adequately studied. In this article, we investigate in-memory interval joins in two directions. First, we explore the applicability of a largely ignored forward scan (FS)-based plane sweep algorithm, for single-threaded join evaluation. We propose four optimizations for FS that greatly reduce its cost, making it competitive or even faster than the state-of-the-art. Second, we study in depth the parallel computation of interval joins. We design a non-partitioning-based approach that determines independent tasks of the join algorithm to run in parallel. Then, we address the drawbacks of the previously proposed hash-based partitioning and suggest a domain-based partitioning approach that does not produce duplicate results. Within our approach, we propose a novel breakdown of the partition-joins into mini-joins to be scheduled in the available CPU threads and propose an adaptive domain partitioning, aiming at load balancing. We also investigate how the partitioning phase can benefit from modern parallel hardware. Our thorough experimental analysis demonstrates the advantage of our novel partitioning-based approach for parallel computation.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Needs and Experiences of Hospital-based Clinicians when Accessing Medical Imaging
Authors: Cronin Séan , Kane Bridget , Doherty Gavin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs digital imaging is now a common and essential tool in the clinical workflow, it is important to understand the experiences of clinicians with medical imaging systems in order to guide future development. The objective of this paper was to explore health professionals’ experiences, practices and preferences when using Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS), to identify shortcomings in the existing technology and inform future developments. Semi-structured interviews are reported with 35 hospital-based healthcare professionals (3 interns, 11 senior health officers, 6 specialist registrars, 6 consultants, 2 clinical specialists, 5 radiographers, 1 sonographer, 1 radiation safety officer). Data collection took place between February 2019 and December 2020 and all data are analyzed thematically. A majority of clinicians report using PACS frequently (6+ times per day), both through dedicated PACS workstations, and through general-purpose desktop computers. Most clinicians report using basic features of PACS to view imaging and reports, and also to compare current with previous imaging, noting that they rarely use more advanced features, such as measuring. Usability is seen as a problem, including issues related to data privacy. More sustained training would help clinicians gain more value from PACS, particularly less experienced users. While the majority of clinicians report being unconcerned about sterility when accessing digital imaging, clinicians were open to the possibility of touchless operation using voice, and the ability to execute multiple commands with a single voice command would be welcomed.