bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Sequencing of a Single Copy of an Introgressed Chromosome From a Complex Genome for Gene and SNP Identification
Authors: Metcalfe Cushla J , Li Jingchuan , Zheng Bangyou , Stiller Jiri , Healey Adam , Piperidis Nathalie , Aitken Karen S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The large complex genomes of many crops constrain the use of new technologies for genome-assisted selection and genetic improvement. One method to simplify a genome is to break it into individual chromosomes by flow cytometry, however, in many crop species most chromosomes cannot be isolated individually. Flow sorting of a single copy of a chromosome has been developed in wheat and here we demonstrate its use to identify markers of interest in an Erianthus/Sacchurum hybrid. Erianthus/Saccharum hybrids are of interest because Erianthus is known to be highly resistant to soil borne diseases which cause extensive sugarcane yield losses in Australia. Sugarcane (Saccharum) cultivars are autopolyploids with a highly complex genome and over 100 chromosomes. Flow cytometry for sugarcane, as in most crops, does not resolve individual chromosomes to a karyotype peak for sorting. To isolate a single chromosome, we used genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) to identify the flow karyotype region containing the Erianthus chromosomes, flow sorted single chromosomes from this region, PCR screened for the Erianthus chromosomes and sequenced them. One Erianthus chromosome amplified and sequenced well, and from this data we could identify 57 resistant type genes and SNPs in nearly half of these genes. We developed KASP SNP assays and demonstrated that the identified SNP markers segregated as expected in a small introgression population. The pipeline we developed here to flow sort and sequence single chromosomes could be used in any crop with a large complex genome to rapidly discover and develop markers to important loci.
The Additional Value of Lung Cancer Screening Program in Identifying Unrecognized Diseases
Authors: Finamore Panaiotis , Tanese Luigi , Longo Filippo , De Stefano Domenico , Pedone Claudio , Angelici Laura , Agabiti Nera , Cascini Silvia , Davoli Marina , Zobel Bruno Beomonte , Incalzi Raffaele Antonelli , Crucitti Pierfilippo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: A systematic examination of low-dose CT (LDCT) scan, beside lung nodules, may disclose the presence of undiagnosed diseases, improving the efficacy and the cost/efficacy of these programs. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between LDCT scan findings and non-oncologic and oncologic diseases.Methods: The LDCT scan of participants to the “Un Respiro per la vita”® lung cancer screening program were checked and abnormal findings, beside lung nodules, recorded. First admission to the acute care because of cardiovascular (CD), respiratory (RD) and oncological diseases (OD) in the following three years were retrieved. The association of LDCT scan abnormal findings with CD, RD and OD was assessed through univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.Results: Mean age of 746 participants was 62 years (SD:5), 62% were male. 11 (1.5%) received a diagnosis of lung cancer. 16.1% participants were admitted to the acute care in the following three years: 8.6% for CD, 4.3% for RD and 5.2% for OD. Valve calcification (OR 2.02, p:0.02) and mucus plugs (OR 3.37, p:0.04) were positively associated with CD, while sub-pleural fibrosis had a protective role (OR 0.47, p:0.01). Lung nodules >8 mm (OR 5.54, p:<0.01), tracheal deviation (OR 6.04, p:0.01) and mucus plugs (OR 4.00, p:0.04) were positively associated with OD admissions. Centrilobular emphysema OR for RD admissions was 1.97 (p:0.06).Conclusions: Selected LDCT scan findings are harbingers of undiagnosed CD, RD and OD, even different from lung cancer, whom knowledge might improve the efficacy and cost/efficacy of lung cancer screening programs.
Predicted No-Effect Concentration of Roundup in the Composition with Pharmaceutical Chlorpromazine or Heating Causes Similar Biochemical Disturbances in Bivalve Mollusk Unio Tumidus
Authors: Khoma Vira , Martinyuk Viktoria , Matskiv Tetyana , Gnatyshyna Lesya , Baranovsky Vitaliy , Gladiuk Mykola , Gylytė Brigita , Manusadžianas Levonas , Stoliar Oksana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ability of bioindicators to reflect the specific impacts in complex exposures is unpredicted. This study aimed to track the particular effects of pesticide Roundup (Rn) and antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine (Cpz) on the mussel Unio tumidus at environmentally relevant mixtures. The mussels were treated by Rn (17 µg L−1), Cpz (18 µg L−1), mixture of Rn and Cpz at 18 oC (RnCpz) as well as by Rn at 25 oC (RnT). Digestive glands were examined after 14 days of exposure. The indexes of stress response (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione (GSH&GSSG), metallothioneins (MTSH and Zn-MT), protein carbonyls levels), and markers of metabolic and detoxication (CYP450 related (EROD), Glutathione S-transpherase (GST), cholinesterase, caspase-3, citrate synthase (CS) activities), lysosomal membrane integrity, and Zn level were analyzed. Mostly common responses of mussels were indicated as the increase of oxidative stress, MTSH (except Cpz-group), EROD and CS (except Rn-group) responses. Rn-group indicated almost no-effect or abnormal for expected symptoms effect. However, under the heating Rn caused the decrease of Zn accumulation and loss of lysosomal integrity. Cpz provoked major response diverseness: a decrease in Zn and GST levels and an increase in lysosomal integrity. Thus, complex exposures abolished the individual response traits. Summarising, the application of integrated indices has benefits when evaluating the effects of complex exposures.
Research on building truss design based on particle swarm intelligence optimization algorithm
Authors: Sun Yulong , Li Hongjuan , Shabaz Mohammad , Sharma Amit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optimization methodologies are being utilized in various structural designing practices to solve size, shape and topology optimization problems. A heuristic Particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm was anticipated in this article in order to address the size optimization problem of truss with stress and displacement constraints. This article contributes in improvisation in the truss structure design rationality while reducing the engineering cost by proposing the HPSO approach. Primarily, the basic principle of the original PSO algorithm is presented, then the compression factor is established to improve the PSO algorithm, and a reasonable parameter setting value is presented. To validate the performance of the proposed optimization approach, various experimental illustrations were performed. The results show that the convergence history of experimental illustration 2 and experimental illustration 3 is optimal. The experimental illustration 2 converges after about 150 iterations, however, the experimental illustration 3 is close to the optimal solution after about 500 iterations. Therefore, the PSO algorithm can successfully optimize the size design of truss structures, and the algorithm is also time efficient. The improved PSO algorithm has good convergence and stability, and can effectively optimize the size design of truss structures.
A Bayesian Machine Learning Approach for Spatio-Temporal Prediction of COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Niraula Poshan , Mateu Jorge , Chaudhuri Somnath 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Modeling the behavior and spread of infectious diseases on space and time is key in devising public policies for preventive measures. This behavior is so complex that there are lots of uncertainties in both the data and in the process itself. We argue here that these uncertainties should be taken into account in the modeling strategy. Machine learning methods, and neural networks, in particular, are useful in modeling this sort of complex problems, although they generally lack of probabilistic interpretations. We thus present here a neural network method embedded in a Bayesian framework for modeling and predicting the number of cases of infectious diseases in areal units. A key feature is that our combined model considers the impact of human movement on the spread of the infectious disease, as an additional random factor to the also considered spatial neighborhood and temporal correlation components. Our model is evaluated over a COVID-19 dataset for 245 health zones of Castilla-Leon (Spain). The results show that a Bayesian model informed by a neural network method is generally able to predict the number of cases of COVID-19 in both space and time, with the human mobility factor having a strong influence on the model.
Crystallization of Bosonic Quantum Hall States
Authors: Mukherjee Biswaroop , Shaffer Airlia , Patel Parth , Yan Zhenjie , Wilson Cedric , Crepel Valentin , Fletcher Richard , Zwierlein Martin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dominance of interactions over kinetic energy lies at the heart of strongly correlated quantum matter, from fractional quantum Hall liquids, to atoms in optical lattices and twisted bilayer graphene. Crystalline phases often compete with correlated quantum liquids, and transitions between them occur when the energy cost of forming a density wave approaches zero. A prime example occurs for electrons in high magnetic fields, where the instability of quantum Hall liquids towards a Wigner crystal is heralded by a roton-like softening of density modulations at the magnetic length. Remarkably, interacting bosons in a gauge field are also expected to form analogous liquid and crystalline states. However, combining interactions with strong synthetic magnetic fields has been a challenge for experiments on bosonic quantum gases. Here, we study the purely interaction-driven dynamics of a Landau gauge Bose-Einstein condensate in and near the lowest Landau level. We observe a spontaneous crystallization driven by condensation of magneto-rotons, excitations visible as density modulations at the magnetic length. Increasing the cloud density smoothly connects this behaviour to a quantum version of the Kelvin-Helmholtz hydrodynamic instability, driven by the sheared internal flow profile of the rapidly rotating condensate. At long times the condensate self-organizes into a persistent array of droplets, separated by vortex streets, which are stabilized by a balance of interactions and effective magnetic forces.
Application of Hydrochemical and Isotopic Data to Determine The Origin and Circulation Conditions of Karst Groundwater in An Alpine and Gorge Region in The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: A Case Study Of Genie Mountain
Authors: Ma Jianfei , Li Xiangquan , Liu Feng , Fu Changchang , Zhang Chunchao , Bai Zhanxue , Wei Shuaichao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding of the recharge origin, runoff channels, and discharge characteristics of karst groundwater is very important for construction of underground projects and identification of water supply targets. Complex structural systems, lithological differences, and extreme heterogeneity of aquifers combine to create a complex karst aquifer structure in alpine and gorge areas; however, because of the topography, direct investigation of aquifer structure is difficult. In this study, field survey, hydrochemical, and isotopic data are analyzed to reveal the development of karst groundwater and to describe the karst water cycle in Genie Mountain, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The results show that atmospheric precipitation and melting ice and snow are the groundwater recharge sources, and groundwater circulation is shallow, with groundwater ages generally no more than 60 yr. The groundwater cycle can be divided into three levels: epikarst water circulation; mid to deep karst water circulation; and deep geothermal water circulation. The karst springs located in the outlet of the Huolong gully contain markedly higher levels of Na + and SO 4 2 − than other karst springs because of the leaching effect of groundwater on mirabilite. The presence of evaporites also indicates that the groundwater of Huolong gully is influenced by evaporation. The runoff of thermal springs undergoes deep circulation and is controlled by faults. This water mainly dissolves carbonate rock, with little influence of evaporation. This study shows that hydrochemical and isotopic methods can be used to discriminate different water types, and can be applied to study the characteristics of complex groundwater runoff in alpine and gorge areas.
The Arctic has warmed four times faster than the globe since 1980
Authors: Rantanen Mika , Karpechko Alexey , Lipponen Antti , Nordling Kalle , Hyvärinen Otto , Ruosteenoja Kimmo , Vihma Timo , Laaksonen Ari 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the warming in the Arctic has been much faster than in the rest of the world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Numerous studies report that Arctic is warming either twice, more than twice, or even three times as fast as the globe on average. However, the lack of consensus of AA definition precludes its precise quantification. Here we show, by using several observational datasets which cover the Arctic region and adopting a simple definition of AA, that during the last 40 years the Arctic has been warming almost four times faster than the globe as a whole, which is a higher ratio than generally reported in literature. Furthermore, we compared the observed AA ratio to the ratio simulated by state-of-the-art climate models, and show that the models largely underestimate the present AA, a finding that is not very sensitive to the exact definition of AA. The underestimation of AA by climate models most likely results from their inability to realistically simulate feedback mechanisms between sea ice melt and atmospheric temperatures. Our results imply that the underestimated AA leads to biased projections of climate change both in the Arctic and mid-latitudes.
LRG1 is an adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses inflammation
Authors: Choi Chan Hee , Barr William , Park Annsea , Koenen Mascha , Lin Zeran , Szwed Sarah , Crane Audrey , Carroll Thomas , Molina Henrik , Cohen Paul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While dysregulation of adipocyte endocrine function plays a central role in obesity and its complications, the vast majority of adipokines remain uncharacterized. We employed bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and mass spectrometry to comprehensively characterize the secretome of murine visceral and subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipocytes. Over 600 proteins were identified, the majority of which showed cell type-specific enrichment. We here describe a metabolic role for leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as an obesity-regulated adipokine secreted by mature adipocytes. LRG1 overexpression significantly improved glucose homeostasis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. This was associated with markedly reduced white adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, we found LRG1 binds cytochrome c in circulation to dampen its pro-inflammatory effect. These data support a new role for LRG1 as an insulin sensitizer with therapeutic potential given its immunomodulatory function at the nexus of obesity, inflammation, and associated pathology.
Perceptions on Impacts of Competition of Eucalypt Plantations with Other Land Uses on the Rural Livelihood in the Western Gurage Watersheds, Central-South Ethiopia
Authors: Zerga Belay , Warkineh Bikila , Teketay Demel , Woldetsadik Muluneh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since recent years, conversions of croplands, grasslands or cash crop fields to eucalypt plantations are becoming common trends in Ethiopia. Reasons for the conversions are better return from eucalypt than crop farming. This study tried to assess the land use competition impacts of eucalypt plantations with other land uses in the Western Gurage Watersheds, Central-south Ethiopia. The specific objectives were to investigate households’ and experts’ perceptions on land use competition of eucalypt plantations; and to assess perceptions on impacts of eucalypt plantation and copping strategies. Samples from three woredas (districts) namely Cheha, Enemorna Ener, and Eza located in the Watersheds were used. These woredas were purposefully selected due to large coverage of the watersheds, extensive expansion of eucalypts farming and thereby high eucalypts pole production, incidences of serious competition of eucalypts with other uses, and the presences of road accessibility for data collection. To get detail information on perception of the households and experts, in-depth discussions with focus groups and key informant were employed. Individual farm households whose age were greater than 70 years old and knowledgeable persons to discuss on the issue of eucalypt plantations were selected purposefully with the guidance of each kebele (sub-district) chairpersons and district experts. Thereafter, three focus group discussions with farm households were conducted in the three districts. Key informant interviews were conducted with purposefully selected and well experienced individual farm households and experts in each district. The result showed that young farmers planted from 1000 to 5000 eucalypt seedlings on lands previously covered with crops. The young people resisted advice from elders and converted farmlands to eucalypt plantations. Previous practitioners (adoptees) who benefitted much from eucalypt products tended for further expansion. This, in turn, resulted in serious land use competition with farmland and grasslands. To mitigate such serious competition with food crops and grasslands, and to sustain the livelihood and environment, appropriate management, e.g. site selection and substitutions by horticultural and cash crops using micro irrigation schemes for market needs are recommended. Conducting in-depth participatory research and specific policy ratification and promulgation on eucalypt plantations will curb its serious land use competition with farm and grazing lands.
Title Prevalence of Bartonella Species in Shelter Cats and their Ectoparasites in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Raimundo Juliana M. , Guimarães Andresa , Amaro Gleice M. , Silva Aline T. da , Rodrigues Caio Junior B. C. , Santos Huarrisson A. , de Lemos Elba R. S. , Favacho Alexsandra R. de Mendonça , Baldani Cristiane Divan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Feline Bartonella can be transmitted to humans through cat scratches or bites, and between cats by Ctenocephalides felis flea. Methods: The occurrence of Bartonella DNA was assessed in ectoparasites and their cat hosts living in shelters based on the ITS region and gltA gene. Results: Bartonella DNA was detected in 47.8% of cat blood samples, in 18.3% of C. felis fleas,13.3% of flea eggs pools and 12.5% of lice pools. B.henselae and B. clarridgeiae DNA were detected in cat fleas, while B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, and B. koehlerae in blood samples from bacteremic cats. Cats infested by positive ectoparasites showed approximately twice the chance of being infected. Conclusions: Our results indicate shelter cats have a high prevalence of Bartonella species known to be human pathogens and highlight the importance of controlling their infestation by ectoparasites to avoid cat and human infection.
Willingness to Pay for Breast Cancer Screening by Providing Basic and more Complete Information
Authors: Moeeni Maryam , Rahmani Shiva , Yousefi Mahmood , Nosratnejad Shirin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Mammography screening is the most sensitive and specific test that can be conducted along with the clinical examination for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, like other tests, mammography screening is not a perfect test and has some limitations. The purpose of the present study is to measure women’s willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography by providing them with basic and more complete information.Method: In this study, 450 women aged 35-55 years were assigned into two groups of equal numbers. The first group was provided only with the basic information on 225 women, while the other group was provided with more complete information. The double bounded dichotomous choice method was used to extract women’s willingness to pay for mammography screening.Result: The mean willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography was estimated as 26.14$ in the group receiving basic information and 21.41$ in the group receiving complete information.The results of interval regression analysis reported age of woman at the time interview, her occupation status, her education status, whether or not she had complementary insurance, and her prior experience of mammography as correlates of willingness to pay for mammography screening. Conclusion: The more women have knowledge about all aspects of mammography screening, the more they are ready to utilize it. The results suggest the women can balance the possible benefits of mammography screening against its demerits.
Altered Plasma Fatty Acids Associate with Gut Microbial Composition in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Skarpengland Tonje , Macpherson Magnhild E , Hov Johannes R. , Kong Xiang Y. , Bohov Pavol , Halvorsen Bente , Fevang Børre , Berge Rolf K. , Aukrust Pål , Jørgensen Silje F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Fatty acid (FA) abnormalities have been found in various inflammatory disorders and have been related to disturbed gut microbiota. Patients with Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with altered gut microbial composition. We hypothesized that there is an altered FA profile in CVID patients, related to gut microbial dysbiosis. Methods: Plasma FAs were measured in 39 CVID patients and 30 healthy controls. Gut microbial profile, a food frequency questionnaire and the effect of the oral antibiotic rifaximin, were investigated in CVID patients. Results: The n-3 PUFAs, EPA (1.4 [1.0-1.8] vs 1.9 [1.2-2.5], median [IQR], P<0.05) and DHA (3.2 [2.4-3.9] vs 3.5 [2.9- 4.3], P<0.05) were reduced in CVID compared to controls. Also, n-6 PUFAs (34.3 ± 3.4, vs 37.1 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P< 0.001) and linoleic acid (LA) (24.5 ± 3.3, vs 28.1 ± 2.7, P< 0.0001), and the FA anti-inflammatory index (98.9, [82.1-119.4], vs 117.0, [88.7-153.1], median [IQR]), P<0.05) were reduced in CVID. The microbial alpha diversity was positively associated with plasma n-6 PUFAs, (r=0.41, P<0.001) and LA (r=0.51, P<0.001), but not n-3 PUFAs (P= 0.78). Moreover, a 2-week course of rifaximin significantly reduced the proportion of n-6 PUFAs (P=0.04, UNIANOVA). Overall, the altered proportions of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs did not seem to be related to dietary intake, intestinal malabsorption or presence of CVID enteropathy.Conclusion: We found a potentially unfavourable FA profile in CVID, where plasma proportion of n-6 PUFAs was related to gut microbial diversity and altered by microbial therapy.
Dietary Use of Artemisia Herba Alba Asso as A Potential Coccidiostat Against Cæcal Coccidiosis: Haematological Parameters Variations.
Authors: MESSAÏ Ahmed , REDOUANE-SALAH Sara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study consists of the evaluation of the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia herba-alba Asso during experimental coccidial infection. Four groups of 30 broiler chickens were formed: the negative control (G1), the positive control (G2), the infected Monensin-treated group (G3), and the infected Artemisia-treated group (G4). Each infected bird received orally 105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. No mortality was recorded in both G1 and G4. Haematocrit levels showed great variations from the 7th day Post-Infection, especially in G2 (20.87%±5.77). By day 10 P-I, haematocrit recovery was rapid particularly in G4 (28.07%±1.50). Haemoglobin concentration also decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all infected groups by the 7th day P-I. The reduction was very marked in G2 (6.47g/dL±1.67) against (10.53 g/dL ±0.25) in G1, but less marked in G4 (8.05g/dL ±1.56). Results show the protective effect of A. herba-alba Asso by improving the lesion score and the haematological parameters affected during coccidian infection.