bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Analysis of Welded Structures
Authors: Miller Duane K. , Decker Curtis L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Welded connections are a common location for failures for many reasons, as explained in this article. This article looks at such failures from a holistic perspective. It discusses the interaction of manufacturing-related cracking and service failures and primarily deals with failures that occur in service due to stresses caused by externally applied loads. The purpose of this article is to enable a failure analyst to identify the causative factors that lead to welded connection failure and to identify the corrective actions needed to overcome such failures in the future. Additionally, the reader will learn from the mistakes of others and use principles that will avoid the occurrence of similar failures in the future. The topics covered include failure analysis fundamentals, welded connections failure analysis, welded connections and discontinuities, and fatigue. In addition, several case studies that demonstrate how a holistic approach to failure analysis is necessary are presented.
Problems Associated with Heat Treated Parts
Authors: Dossett Jon L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article introduces some of the general sources of heat treating problems with particular emphasis on problems caused by the actual heat treating process and the significant thermal and transformation stresses within a heat treated part. It addresses the design and material factors that cause a part to fail during heat treatment. The article discusses the problems associated with heating and furnaces, quenching media, quenching stresses, hardenability, tempering, carburizing, carbonitriding, and nitriding as well as potential stainless steel problems and problems associated with nonferrous heat treatments. The processes involved in cold working of certain ferrous and nonferrous alloys are also covered.
Reliability-Centered Maintenance
Authors: Netherton Dana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a systematic methodology for preventing failures. This article begins by discussing the history of RCM and uses Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) all-industry standard JA1011 as its model to describe the key characteristics of an RCM process. It then expands on questions involved in RCM process, offering definitions when necessary. Next, the article describes the approach of RCM to failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), the failure management policies available under RCM, and the criteria of RCM for deciding when a specific failure management policy is technically feasible. Then, after discussing the ways that RCM classifies failure effects in terms of consequences, it describes how RCM uses failure consequences to identify the best failure management policy for each failure mode. Next, the building blocks of RCM are put together to create a failure management program. The article ends with a discussion on some practical issues pertaining to RCM that lie outside the scope of SAE JA1011.
Failures of Turbine Components
Authors: Wiens Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on common failures of the components associated with the flow path of industrial gas turbines. Examples of steam turbine blade failures are also discussed, because these components share some similarities with gas turbine blading. Some of the analytical methods used in the laboratory portion of the failure investigation are mentioned in the failure examples. The topics covered are creep, localized overheating, thermal-mechanical fatigue, high-cycle fatigue, fretting wear, erosive wear, high-temperature oxidation, hot corrosion, liquid metal embrittlement, and manufacturing and repair deficiencies.
Lingual means of the denotation in the Ukrainian language for age development periods of a child in the first year of the life
Authors: Zelinska Oksana , Holoborodko Maryna 
Published: December 2021

The names of age periods of the first year of a child’s life were considered in the paper. Traditionally the first year of a child’s life was not clearly divided into shorter stages, and in turn, there were no established names which would correlate with these age periods. In every-day life defining features for a child of the first year of life is the fact of birth itself, which fixes a noun-composite a newly-born, as well as expressive signs associated with feeding a baby and its (his/her) inability to speak, namely, such nouns as a nursling and a baby.
A clearly differentiated division of a child’s age period, before reaching the age of one year, is recorded in medicine. Scientific observations of the physiological changes in the development of a child, depending on a lived calendar period, determined the classification of the life into certain stages beginning from the prenatal development; it was expressed in a special terminology, for example, a perinatal period, a zero day. In a medical sphere the division units of a life period before the age of one year are hours, days, months; thus, this temporal vocabulary belongs to the structure of terminological phrases used to denote a certain age stage, the gradation of periods can be done with help of adjectives-qualifiers early, late.
In a pedagogical discourse, contrary to a medical sphere, the names of the age periods in a child’s life do not clearly correlate with physiological changes and a calendar duration, and in an every-day life discourse the correlation is seen the least. However a conversational speech is characterized with a larger number of the patterns which form the names of age periods, descriptive nominations, due to a child’s socialization.
Thus, a set of nominative units is different for each discourse, but we can come across some scientific terms in mass media, and from there they can be found in a conversational speech.
In a pedagogical, medical, every-day life discourse we have the cases when the same nouns are used, for instance, a newly-born, however they differ semantically.
The phenomenon of secondary nomination in the term system of fashion and beauty
Authors: Taran Alla 
Published: December 2021

The factors of formation and tendencies of secondary nominations` existence are considered in the article on the material of the terms of fashion and beauty in the modern Ukrainian language. It has been found that the secondary nomination is based on the associative nature of human thinking. The words reflect the processes of living contemplation of the human environment, there is a semantic rethinking of known names and their gradual codification. The formation and creation of a new concept or a new perception of the subject is carried out on the basis of existing language material. The phenomenon of secondary nomination is also inherent in the term systems. A feature of modern terminology is the desire of professionals to «build» motivated terms with predictable semantics. Information about a fragment of reality, the real, objective world enters the term system indirectly as a flow of information. Terms of broad semantics are words used in many term systems, which, in contrast to general scientific and general technical terms, change semantics depending on the term system and retain only the general, non-terminological meaning. Therefore, they can not always be included in the terms, at the same time without them it is impossible to build a terminological system as a language entity.
The development of fashion requires categorizing words for certain concepts and objects belonging to this field. It is established that the terminosphere of fashion and beauty is actively replenished due to borrowings, semantic innovations, transition of terms from one terminological system to another, by transtermination. Particular attention is paid to the development of ambiguity and homonymy, which is primarily due to the migration of tokens from one functional style to another. In this way there is a formation / increase of special meanings of words. Under the condition of complete changes, the meaning that is the starting point of evolution disappears, and the word is fixed in the secondary function. Partial changes involve stabilization of the derived shade, which does not weaken the viability of the original content; usually there is a period of coexistence of meanings and thus the word becomes ambiguous.
In the field of fashion industry, metaphorical transfers of meaning based on the principle of analogy are quite common. The more components of meaning coincide with the term concept, the greater probability of the word to become a verbal expression of this concept (in the case of associative-semantic metaphor).
It was found that the variability of the semantic potential of the word is only one of the expressive illustrations to the transformation of worldview constructs of cognition of the world, reflected in the language of society.
Verbalization of indirect speech in the epistolary discourse of Lesya Ukrainka
Authors: Torchynska Nataliia 
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the specifics of constructions with indirect speech in the epistolary of Lesya Ukrainka in terms of the structure of syntactic units and semantics of introductory verb tokens. In addition, attention is drawn to the syncretism of constructions with indirect speech, due to the peculiarities of the epistolary style. In the process of expressing opinions, Lesia Ukrainka used various forms of transmission of another’s speech, including indirect speech and its peripheral version – free indirect speech, the design and structure of which differs from indirect.
Compound sentences with an explanatory part and complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, representing homogeneous subordination or consecutive subordination, are quantitatively predominant in constructions with indirect speech. Sentences-microtexts, built on the schemes «text – the author’s words – indirect speech», «text – the author’s words – indirect speech – text», «author’s words – indirect speech – text» are the next group. Sentences with double indirect speech, where the thoughts of one speaker, which testified by introductory verbs, or two speakers, or sometimes several, are highlighted separately. Indirect speech in letters is introduced using verbs of speech and thinking or their equivalents. Among the neutral verbatives-introductory words that represent live speech, the most productive are the tokens to speak, to think, to write, and among the implicit introductions – to be afraid and to hear. In addition, a number of implicit tokens that introduce indirect speech into the epistolary are highlighted. Thus, the epistolary style, although it has a number of common features with colloquial and artistic speech, but in the field of representation stands out among others with a bright set of linguistic means.
Semantic-stylistic status of brandonyms
Authors: Shymanska Viktoriia , Kolomiiets Inna 
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the consideration of brandonyms from the standpoint of defining the status of lexical affiliation and their role in the stylistic organization of different texts. The article analyzes the issues aimed at clarifying such terms as «universal», «etrangism», «barbarism», as well as defines «brandonym», «text», determines the ability of brandonyms to acquire the characteristics of stylistics of certain messages, including advertising texts, and those that promote a particular idea implicitly. The onym space of any text is a reflection of the subjective assessment of the word by the author, therefore, the article emphasizes the peculiarities of introducing brandonyms to the texts of the above functional styles of modern Ukrainian standard language, as well as the specifics of mental and linguistic view of the world of an individual – the author of certain messages – as a representative of ethnolinguistic culture, the native of a separate language and philosophy.
The relevance of the article is due to the need to trace functioning of proper names, in particular brandonyms, to try to establish their status in different texts.
The aim of the article is to define the status of brandonyms from the standpoint of their affiliation to a certain group of vocabulary and stylistic purpose in the texts of literary and journalistic styles.
Research methods are due to the peculiarities of the analysis of proprial vocabulary, which involves the use of descriptive method and a comprehensive approach to considering the functioning of specific lexical units in a particular text and their potential to create a certain stylistic intonation and power in achieving the overall goal of discourse formulation.
In our opinion, the article is a necessary study in the research of Ukrainian onomastics, in particular the stylistic functions of proprietary names in various texts.
Conclusions. Brandonyms cannot be assigned to one specific group: «barbarism», «entragism», or have only an understanding of it as a linguistic universal as all other propriatives both purely for theoretical reasons and in terms of functioning in a separate text, the studied language units may vary in the aspect of a clear assignment to one named group of vocabulary. From a stylistic point of view, brandonyms are not endowed with superpowerful properties of creating some sublime or lyrical intonation of the text, but have considerable potential to help achieve the goal of literary style – to reproduce the socio-temporal color of the described events and phenomena – and journalistic – providing voluntative function, and to act as a dominant of linguistic ambivalence.
The reminiscences of «The Name of the Rose» by Umberto Eco in the «Bibliomysteries» by Otto Penzler
Authors: Mitina Liubov 
Published: December 2021

The article explores the intertextual discourse of Umberto Eco’s novel «The Name of the Rose» and Otto Penzler’s book series «Bibliomysteries» through the reminiscences as a form of the intertextuality that reflects «images of the literature in the literature». The plot analysis is carried out and seven main characteristic features of the detective component of the novel Eco are singled out. The genre-typological features of each of the selected works of the Penzler’s series are studied and the following types of the reminiscences are revealed: direct, or unchanging; modified, or transformed; and hidden, or implicit.
The following number of the reminiscences in the considered works is defined:
1) «The Compendium of Srem» by F. Paul Wilson – 8 direct, 14 transformed, 2 hidden;
2) «An Acceptable Sacrifice» by Jeffery Deaver – 4 direct, 7 transformed, 2 hidden;
3) «Condor in the Stacks» by James Grady – 2 direct, 5 transformed, 3 hidden;
4) «The Gospel of Sheba» by Lyndsay Faye – 5 direct, 8 transformed, 2 hidden;
5) «It’s in the Book» by Mickey Spillane and Max Allan Collins – 3 direct, 6 transformed, 2 hidden.
It is established that the specified series as a set of texts reveals in relation to the novel Eco property intertextuality due to the presence in the receiving texts of different types of reminiscences of the original text. Taking into account the genre features of the recipient texts, the interaction of the texts takes place in the detective plane source text, which is a distinctive feature of the considered intertextual discourse.
Fatefulness and falling into sin in István Szilágyi’s novel KŐ HULL APADÓ KÚTBA («A stone drops in a dwindling well»)
Authors: Csordás László 
Published: December 2021

The study analyses István Szilágyi’s widely known novel Kő hull apadó kútba («A Stone Drops in a Dwindling Well») from the viewpont of fatefulness and falling into sin. The novel is an outstanding work in the 20th century hungarian literature, written by István Szilágyi who lives in the present Romania, Transylvania. The main character, Ilka Szendy faces with ethical dilemmas which can be examined from newer trends of cultural studies such as xenology. This study focuses on the following questions: how does the social system and compunction distort the personality? How does Ilka Szendy become a foreigner in the milieu in which she grown up? What kind of poetical pecularities, motifs, time and place usage represents the girl’s fate in the 20th century by the author?
In the beginning of the study I explain the process how the literary historians realised the significance of this novel. This is an important issue because the history of hungarian literature and the history of hungarian literature across Hungary’s border developed differently in the 20th century – different experiences and poetical pecularities can be found in a novel. There are three different reading and canonizing strategies which outlined from the criticisms and studies: in the case of the first one, the emphasize was on the novel’s social aspects. The second one focused on the poetical aspect and structure. In the 2000s occurred the newest strategy which analyses the novel from the viewpoint of cultural studies. In this study I apply this third strategy.
With the help of close reading I try to attempt connecting the own body’s alienation and the multiplication of the main character’s (Ilka Szendy) personality with the traumas that she experienced at her young age. Several experiences preceded the fall into sin (murdering), but the narrator tells them only later in the novel. As a reader we can explore the most effectively the fall into sin and the fulfillment of destiny through the context of Ilka Szendy’s experiences, deeds, thoughts, motifs, metaphors and the secrets that lead us into the family’s past.
In the end of the study I connect Ilka Szendy’s destiny with her family’s past. The girl died beceause she rode for the fall. She knew that she could never be relesead from her guilt, she could receive absolution only by death.
Investigação como instrumento da formação profissional de docentes
Authors: Roldão Maria do Céu 
Published: December 2021

A temática que se aborda neste texto suporta-se na eleição de alguns eixos que ao longo do tempo foram sendo trabalhados de forma sistemática na pesquisa relativa ao campo, com referência particular aos contributos de Marli André (1985, 2010, 2010 a), e à abertura na ANPED[1] de um espaço de discussão que partilhei. Assim, o enfoque desta análise dirige-se aos pontos centrais desse debate ao longo dos últimos 20 anos: (1) a delimitação do campo da formação de professores, (2) a natureza do conhecimento profissional docente, (3) a dialética teoria-prática nos processos formativos, (4) a distância entre universidades e escolas neste processo e (5) o lugar da pesquisa como eixo agregador de uma reconceptualização do profissional docente.

[1] [1] ANPEd - Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd). Brasil.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСНОВ ЕТНІЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ У СТАРШИХ ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ
Authors: Георгян Надія , Садова Тетяна , Бонзарева Наталія 
Published: December 2021

Стаття має науково-методичний характер та розкриває теоретичне підґрунтя та досвід роботи з проблеми формування основ етнічної культури у старших дошкільників засобами активної анімації. Проаналізовано авторські підходи до трактування поняття етнічної культури та особливості формування основ етнічної культури у дітей дошкільного віку. Визначено, що засвоєння культури етносу в дошкільному віці дає змогу розуміти народні традиції, мову, надає можливість дітям стати носіями власної національної культури. Одним із засобів розвитку етнічної культури виступає мистецтво мультиплікації, створення мультфільму дітьми як засобу організації освітнього процесу.
Акцентовано увагу на особливостях етнокультурного виховання, важливим завданням якого є формування умінь дитини орієнтуватися в етнокультурі, самостійно діяти в етнокультурному середовищі. Діти повинні набути досвіду виконання соціальних ролей, засвоїти властиву народу культуру світобачення та поведінки. Реалізація означених завдань здійснювалась завдяки використанню проектної технології «Мультмайстерня» як інтерактивної моделі освітнього процесу.
Проектна технологія «Мультмайстерня» визначається як системотворчий компонент формування особистості, як фактор інтеграції соціальних запитів і педагогічних умов. Провідними лініями збагачення освітнього процесу з формування основ етнічної культури було визначено: предметно-інформаційну збагаченість; регулятивно-моральну забезпеченість; емоційно-ціннісну, культурну спрямованість; продуктивно-творчу діяльність.
Доведено, що ефективне формування основ етнічної культури у старших дошкільників можливе за умови використання технології «Мультмайстерня». Створення мультфільму наближає дітей до нових явищ життя, особливостей буття етносу. Засвоєння культури відбувається через зміст мультфільму. Діти вживаються в різні соціальні позиції, знайомляться з особливостями взаємовідносин. Використання технології «Мультмайстерня» допомагає дитині знайти відповідь на глибинні запитання: Де я народився? Де я живу? На кого я схожий? Якою мовою розмовляю? та ін. Дошкільники здобувають первинні знання про свою етнічну приналежність, опановують соціальний досвід народу, його традиції та звичаї.
Characteristics for Improvement of Compressive Strength of Geopolymers Made of Mixed Binders
Authors: Tatsuya Koumoto  
Published: December 2021

Geopolymers are composite hard materials made by mixing binders, such as fly ash and slags, and activators, such as NaOH and sodium silicate. The chemical mechanism for hardening composite materials, aluminosilicate binders, with alkaline activators is known as a geopolymer reaction. Geopolymers have recently been developed to be used as a replacement for Portland cement concrete. Industrial by-products such as fly ash, steel making slags, and garbage melting furnace slags can be made into geopolymers in a process that emits less carbon dioxide than in the cement making process. This reduction in CO2 emission is important because CO2 is one of the substances known to contribute to global warming. In the future, further uses of these fly ash and slags must be explored. The development of high compressive strength geopolymers using fly ash and slags will strongly contribute to the fields of construction, geotechnical engineering, and architecture.
So far, ground blast furnace slag has yielded the highest compressive strength geopolymer among various kind of binders such as fly ash, ground stainless steel-making slag, and garbage melting furnace slags. A potential use for the poor binders, yielding low compressive strength geopolymers, is to combine it with a richer binder to create stronger products. This paper examines the characteristics for improvement of compressive strength of geopolymers for the binders in various mixture ratios of poor binders and the ground blast furnace slag.