bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and Parameter Identification for a Flexible Rotor With Periodic Impacts
Authors: Holzinger Stefan , Schieferle Manuel , Gerstmayr Johannes , Hofer Manfred , Gutmann Christoph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ability of a multibody dynamics model to accurately predict the behavior of a real system depends heavily on the correct choice of model parameters. The identification of unknown system parameters, which cannot be directly computed or measured is usually time consuming and costly. If experimental measurement data of the real system is available, the parameters in the mathematical model can be determined by minimizing the error between the model response and the measurement data. The latter task can be solved by means of optimization. While many optimization methods are available, optimization with a genetic algorithm is a promising approach for searching optimal solutions for complex engineering problems, as reported in a paper of one of the authors. So far, however, there is no general approach how to apply genetic optimization algorithms for complex multibody system dynamics models in order to obtain unknown parameters automatically — which is however of great importance when dealing with real flexible multibody systems. In the present paper we present a methodology to determine several unknown system parameters applied to a flexible rotor system which is excited with periodic impacts. Experiments were performed on the physical system to obtain measurement data which is used to identify the impact force as well as the support stiffnesses of the rotor system using genetic optimization.
Development and Characterization of a Modular Soft Actuator Enabled Elbow Exoskeleton for Assistive Movements
Authors: Erel Veysel , Singh Inderjeet , Lindsay Alexandra R. , Shi W. Y. , Wijesundara Muthu B. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Exoskeletons are poised to provide motion assistance to aid in rehabilitation and compensate for muscle weaknesses, augment human performance, and reduce repetitive stress injuries in healthcare, industry, and occupation settings, respectively. Soft actuator enabled systems are gaining widespread attention due to their mechanical simplicity, low weight, and compliance to the human body. Regardless of promises shown, the progress for these systems is slow due to a wide variety of actuator types and geometries, which complicate designs and model predictive performance to create application-specific systems. Learning from conventional hard robotic actuator approaches, this paper investigates a modular actuator concept that can be used for creating many exoskeletons and is easily customized for fitting different sized humans, joint types, and application scenarios. The preliminary investigation details the development of an elbow exoskeleton by implementing a modular corrugated diaphragm actuator arranged in a serial configuration. Numerical simulation and experimental evaluations were carried out to investigate the torque, load-bearing, and motion characteristics of the exoskeleton. Results confirmed the viability of the concept by showing that the exoskeleton can provide assistive motion to a forearm and hand of average weight. Additionally, the exoskeleton is able to apply continuous passive motion to an elbow joint, which can be used in rehabilitation settings.
What Happened to Roth’s Design Catalogues? - A Review of Usage and Future Research
Authors: Inkermann David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 1971, Roth and his group first proposed an algorithmic selection procedure for the design of mechanical systems using catalogues. Core element were Design Catalogues that provide established solution elements, models and operations for different engineering tasks. In different books and guidelines, the theory of Design Catalogues was promoted and comprehensive catalogues were elaborated. These works highlight the basic character as structured information bases, with knowledge and access criteria tailored to the needs of engineering tasks. An essential characteristic is the consequent classification of solutions, objects, and operations and thus a complete exploration of the area of interest. In science and industrial practice, Design Catalogues were recognized as tools to structure knowledge and improve reuse of solutions, operations or objects that are frequently used in the design process. This contribution analyses the use and evolution of Design Catalogues in the past 50 years. Main objective is to point out how Design Catalogues and underlying principles and tools to structure design knowledge were used in different fields of application. Moreover, future fields of research to classify knowledge elements and identify suitable access criteria to build up Design Catalogues will be pointed out.
Using Unsupervised Learning for Regulating Deposition Speed During Robotic Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kulkarni Ashish , Bhatt Prahar M. , Kanyuck Alec , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Robotic Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is the layer-by-layer deposition of molten metal to build a three-dimensional part. In this process, the fed metal wire is melted using an electric arc as a heat source. The process is sensitive to the arc conditions, such as arc length. While building WAAM parts, the metal beads overlap at corners causing material accumulation. Material accumulation is undesirable as it leads to uneven build height and process failures caused by arc length variation. This paper introduces a deposition speed regulation scheme to avoid the corner accumulation problem and build parts with uniform build height. The regulated speed has a complex relationship with the corner angle, bead geometry, and molten metal dynamics. So we need to train a model that can predict suitable speed regulations for corner angles encountered while building the part. We develop an unsupervised learning technique to characterize the uniformity of the bead profile of a WAAM built layer and check for anomalous bead profiles. We train a model using these results that can predict suitable speed regulation parameters for different corner angles. We test this model by building a WAAM part using our speed regulation scheme and validate if the built part has uniform build height and reduced corner defects.
Orientation Optimization in Additive Manufacturing: Evaluation of Recent Trends
Authors: Bushra Jannatul , Budinoff Hannah D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Build orientation in additive manufacturing influences the mechanical properties, surface quality, build time, and cost of the product. Rather than relying on trial-and-error or prior experience, the choice of build orientation can be formulated as an optimization problem. Consequently, orientation optimization has been a popular research topic for several decades, with new optimization methods being proposed each year. However, despite the rapid pace of research in additive manufacturing, there has not been a critical comparison of different orientation optimization methods. In this study, we present a critical review of 50 articles published since 2015 that proposes a method for orientation optimization for additive manufacturing. We classify included papers by optimization methods used, AM process modeled, and objective functions considered. While the pace of research in recent years has been rapid, most approaches we identified utilized similar objective functions and computational optimization techniques to research from the early 2000s. The most common optimization method in the included research was exhaustive search. Most methods focused on broad applicability to all additive manufacturing processes, rather than a specific process, but a few works focused on powder bed fusion and material extrusion. We also identified several areas for future work including integration with other design and process planning tasks such as topology optimization, more focus on practical implementation with users, testing of computational efficiency, and experimental validation of utilized objective functions.
Optimization of Permanent Magnet Structure Parameters in Tubular Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor for HF Square-Wave Injection Sensorless Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Luhong , Li Bingran , Zhang Chunlei , Zhang Hui , Ye Peiqing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The high frequency (HF) square-wave injection sensorless algorithm uses saliency to estimate the motor position affected by the inductance. The structure of the permanent magnets will affect the inductance of the motor, then affect the position estimation performance of the sensorless algorithm. This paper studies the relationship between the inductance and the position estimation accuracy of the HF square-wave injection sensorless algorithm for tubular permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (TPMSLM). Through the finite element simulation, the distribution law of the TPMSLM inductance with the change of the PM structure is quantitatively analyzed, and the influence of the PM structure parameters on the differential amplitude of the HF current is given. The HF square-wave voltage is injected into the stationary reference frame, and the frequency is half of the PWM switching frequency. The HF current differential equation is obtained without any filter, and the estimated position of the mover is extracted by a phase-locked loop. Finally, the experiment of sensorless position estimation is carried out by two prototypes with different PM structure parameters at different speeds, verifying the effectiveness of the analysis.
Exploring experiences of infertility amongst women and men in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Sripad Pooja , Desai Sapna , Regules Ricardo , Chakraborty Suchandrima , Habib Helen , Viloria Anny Rodriguez , Ankomah Augustine , Fuseini Kamil , Jarvis Leah , Kirk Karen , Tawab Nahla , Hindin Michelle 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionInfertility is increasingly recognised as a global public health issue for women and men that merits further investigation to support policy and programming. While research in high-income settings has examined the consequences of infertility and access to services, there has been limited synthesis of how individuals experience infertility in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This protocol describes a systematic review that will synthesise qualitative evidence on experiences of infertility among women and men in LMICs.Methods and analysisThe review will follow the Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines for reporting on qualitative evidence syntheses. The study team will search for published literature in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus and PsycINFO databases and review available grey literature. Using Covidence software, two independent reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by full-text reviews and extraction by a larger team. Quality will be appraised using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guidelines. We will conduct thematic synthesis to characterise individual experiences and related factors at the individual, interpersonal, community and health system levels. We will develop a conceptual framework to describe evidence on experiences of infertility in LMICs and to help inform interventions across settings.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been internally approved as exempt by the Institutional Review Board of the Population Council, as it does not involve contact with human subjects or personally identifying data. Results of the review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be used to inform future infertility research and programming in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021227742.
Identifying barriers to evidence-based care for sickle cell disease: results from the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers in the USA
Authors: Smeltzer Matthew P , Howell Kristen E , Treadwell Marsha , Preiss Liliana , King Allison A , Glassberg Jeffrey A , Tanabe Paula , Badawy Sherif M , DiMartino Lisa , Gibson Robert , Kanter Julie , Klesges Lisa M , Hankins Jane S 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesSickle cell disease (SCD) leads to chronic and acute complications that require specialised care to manage symptoms and optimise clinical results. The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) evidence-based guidelines assist providers in caring for individuals with SCD, but adoption of these guidelines by providers has not been optimal. The objective of this study was to identify barriers to treating individuals with SCD.MethodsThe SCD Implementation Consortium aimed to investigate the perception and level of comfort of providers regarding evidence-based care by surveying providers in the regions of six clinical centres across the USA, focusing on non-emergency care from the providers’ perspective.ResultsRespondents included 105 providers delivering clinical care for individuals with SCD. Areas of practice were most frequently paediatrics (24%) or haematology/SCD specialist (24%). The majority (77%) reported that they were comfortable managing acute pain episodes while 63% expressed comfort with managing chronic pain. Haematologists and SCD specialists showed higher comfort levels prescribing opioids (100% vs 67%, p=0.004) and managing care with hydroxyurea (90% vs 51%, p=0.005) compared with non-haematology providers. Approximately 33% of providers were unaware of the 2014 NHLBI guidelines. Nearly 63% of providers felt patients’ medical needs were addressed while only 22% felt their mental health needs were met.ConclusionsA substantial number of providers did not know about NHLBI’s SCD care guidelines. Barriers to providing care for patients with SCD were influenced by providers’ specialty, training and practice setting. Increasing provider knowledge could improve hydroxyurea utilisation, pain management and mental health support.
Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Falotico Guilherme Guadagnini , Moraes Vinicius Ynoe , Matsunaga Fabio Teruo , Tamaoki Marcel Jun Sugawara , Faloppa Flavio , Belloti João Carlos 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionHip arthroplasties for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in adults can be total replacement or hemiarthroplasty. Despite the high prevalence of these fractures and large number of studies on the topic, the best choice of arthroplasty to be used remains unclear. The present study aims to overview the results of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes between total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in adults.Methods and analysisFour electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and reference lists from previous reviews will be searched without language limitation. Eligible studies will be systematic reviews of RCT that compare total hip replacement and hemiarthroplasty for treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in adults. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. Comparisons of dichotomous data will report as the OR and 95% CI, and comparisons of functional and health-related quality of life outcomes are reported as the mean difference and 95% CI and as the risk difference, defined as the difference in the proportion achieving the minimum clinically important difference and 95% CI. As this overview will contribute to orthopaedic surgeons and health managers in better decision-making for the treatment of these fractures. The authors plan to complete the searches and analyses by 30 November 2021.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained at Federal University of Sao Paulo. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237885.
Assessing the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and area-level deprivation in Wales 2014–2019: a national population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Brown Heather , Jesurasa Amrita , Bambra Clare , Rankin Judith , McNaughton Amy , Heslehurst Nicola 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between deciles of area-level deprivation and seven adverse pregnancy outcomes in Wales.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Setting64 699 live births in Wales from 31 March 2014 to 16 September 2019.Primary outcome variableWe examined each of the following seven adverse pregnancy outcomes: (1) small for gestational age (SGA); (2) large for gestational age; (3) preterm birth; (4) third-degree or fourth-degree perineal tear; (5) major postpartum haemorrhage (MPPH); (6) a lower Apgar score at 5 min and (7) emergency caesarean section.ResultsThere was no significant association between increasing aggregate measures of area-level deprivation and the adverse pregnancy outcomes we studied. Women living in an area with greater access to services are more likely to have a baby that is SGA (1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.49), have a greater likelihood of a perineal tear (1.74, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.61), are significantly less likely to have MPPH (0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.96), have a baby with an Apgar score of 0.26 higher (95% CI 0.22 to 0.29) and are significantly less likely to have an emergency caesarean section (0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.88). Women living in areas with higher employment (0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.36) and better health (0.26, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.35) were less likely to experience perineal tear.ConclusionsThere was no clear social-spatial gradient in area-level deprivation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We found a stronger association for individual-level behavioural risk factors than area-level factors. These findings support the benefits that accessible and holistic person-centred care may bring through addressing individual behavioural risk factors. There is a need for improved data completeness and further individual-level data on risk factors such as employment and income to better understand the role which may be played by population-level policies and their pathways to affecting outcomes.
Temporal trends of carbon monoxide poisoning mortality at the global, regional and national levels: a cross-sectional study from the Global Burden of Disease study, 1990 and 2017
Authors: Long Jianhai , Sun Yawei , Zhao Junxiu , Liu Jie , Peng Xiaobo 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesCarbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most frequent causes of fatal poisoning worldwide. Few studies have explored the mortality trends of CO poisoning grouped by age and gender, at the regional, national and global levels. We therefore aimed to determine the pattern of CO poisoning mortality, as well as temporal trends at all levels.DesignA cross-sectional survey design was used in this study.SettingCO poisoning data collected from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBDs), from 1990 to 2017, was arranged by sex, age, region and country. In addition, we used human development index data at the national level from the World Bank.ParticipantsWe collected over 100 000 information on CO poisoning mortality between 1990 and 2017, derived from the GBD study in 2017.Main outcomes and measuresWe have calculated the estimated annual percentage changes in CO poisoning age-standardised mortality rate (ASR), by sex and age at different regions and countries to quantify the temporal trends in CO poisoning ASR.ResultsGlobally, death cases of CO poisoning decreased 7.2% from 38 210 in 1990 to 35 480 in 2017. The overall ASR decreased by an average of 1.83% (95% CI 2.10% to 1.56%) per year in this period. This decreasing pattern was heterogeneous across ages, regions and countries. The most pronounced decreases were generally observed in countries with a high sociodemographic index, including Estonia, South Korea and Puerto Rico.ConclusionsCurrent prevention strategies should be reoriented, and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall CO poisoning.
Predictors of response to TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: an individual patient data pooled analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Law-Wan Johan , Sparfel Marc-Antoine , Derolez Sophie , Azzopardi Nicolas , Goupille Philippe , Detert Jacqueline , Mulleman Denis , Bejan-Angoulvant Theodora 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo identify patient characteristics associated with responsiveness to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methodsIndividual patient data from 29 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of a TNFi versus placebo or conventional therapy were obtained. Response to treatment was assessed in subgroups according to the following baseline characteristics: smoking status, physical activity, sex, age, body mass index, autoantibody profile, disease duration, high initial disease activity defined by Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28)(C reactive protein (CRP)) >5.1. The primary outcome was the between-treatment group difference in DAS28(CRP) change from baseline to 6 months. The secondary endpoints were the between-treatment group difference in final DAS28(CRP) measured until 6 months and EULAR response criteria until 6 months. Data from each RCT were then pooled by the Mantel-Haenszel method using a random effects model. A linear metaregression was also carried out on two data-sharing platforms separately to support the results.ResultsIndividual data of 11 617 patients from 29 RCTs were analysed. Until 6 months, a significantly higher EULAR non-response rate was observed in obese patients (OR 0.52 vs 0.36 for non-obese, p=0.01). A multivariable regression model performed on 7457 patients indicated that patients treated by TNFi had a final DAS28(CRP) decreased by 0.02 for each year of disease duration (p<0.001), and a 0.21 decreased for patients with a baseline DAS28(CRP) >5.1 (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn RA, patients who are more responsive to TNFi are those who are non-obese, have a long disease duration and have a high initial disease activity.