bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction Design, Modelling, and Parameter Computation Outer Rotor Induction Motor
Authors: Putra Faizal Ramadhan , Iskandar Eka , Abdul Kadir Rusdhianto , Santoso Ari , Bilfaqih Yusuf , Hady Mohamad Abdul 
Published: November 2021

In this journal, we will discuss the construction design of an outer rotor induction motor that can be applied to an electric car that is installed inside the car's wheels. In designing a motor, it is necessary to pay attention to the motor parameters, both mechanical parameters, and electrical parameters. These parameters will be calculated using software and designed in such a way as to get the parameters that are as effective and efficient as possible for the use of electric cars. After obtaining the best design, a comparison of the simulation results with mathematical modeling will be seen. In this final project, we can get a design with an initial torque of 64 Nm for a speed limit of 25 km/hour. Keywords: construction, induction, in-wheel, motor, outer rotor.
Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation
Authors: Saraswat Pallavi , Tiwari Rajnarayan R , Varma Muralidhar , Phadnis Sameer , Sindhu Monica 
Published: November 2021

Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.
Double-Negative α-Fetoprotein and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Predict a Good Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhou Yongjie , Wu Zhenru , Peng Wei , Li Chuan , Yan Lvnan , Yang Jiayin , Wen Tianfu 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) are routinely tested in patients with liver malignancies before surgery. However, few reports have explored the relevance of the expression pattern of these 2 tumor markers regarding the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We herein combined these 2 tumor markers to investigate the influence on ICC malignancy and patient prognosis.

METHODS:
From March 2009 to December 2019, 519 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed ICC who underwent R0 resection were enrolled and followed. The relationships between clinicopathological parameters and these 2 tumor markers were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to eliminate the baseline differences.

RESULTS:
A lower proportion of patients with double-negative AFP and CA19-9 had advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage, larger tumor diameter, multiple tumors, lymph node metastasis, microvascular invasion, and perineural invasion. With propensity score matching, patients were divided into double-negative and non-double-negative groups, with 128 patients in each group, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates were 33.8 vs 15.2 (P < 0.001) and 45.3 vs 19.0, respectively (P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox analyses, double negativity for the 2 tumor markers was an independent factor for recurrence-free survival (hazard ratios, 0.578; 95% CI, 0.442–0.755, P < 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratios, 0.567; 95% CI, 0.434–0.741, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Double negativity for CA19-9 and AFP indicated less invasive tumor characteristics in patients with ICC. Patients with double-negative tumor markers achieved better outcomes than those with non-double-negative markers, which is meaningful for prognostic counseling and therapeutic triage.
Einleitung: Staatsfinanzen und Konflikt
Authors: Schönhärl Korinna , Spoerer Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The following issue arose from a section at the Congress for Economic and Social History in Regensburg in March 2019 and focuses on fiscal conflicts in Europe from the early modern period until today. Distributive fiscal conflicts are seen here as a probe into the past which can increase our understanding of historical social structures. Fiscal history is analysed as a central arena of the modern state. The introduction provides an overview of current research into fiscal history in Germany and of the contributions presented in this focus issue.
Kommunaler und kollektiver Widerstand gegen fiskalische Abschöpfung in der alten Eidgenossenschaft (Schweiz vor 1800)
Authors: Schläppi Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Whenever there was a conflict about taxes in the Old Swiss Confederacy, it was about participation in collective resources in general, or about the question of who had to contribute to the commonwealth and to what extent, and who was allowed to benefit from it. In this debate the idea of a fair redistribution of goods among the full members of a political and economic community played a decisive role. Moreover, a tightening of the tax regime was never enforced unilaterally from above. Rather, newly demanded taxes were either withdrawn afterwards or at least offset by symbolic compensation. Given its tasks, the state had tobe organized as cheaply as possible. This is why spending restraint was given at least as much importance as fighting taxes. Tax conflicts were conservative and not revolutionary in character. The protesters did not aim to fundamentally reorganize the system but, with reference to the old tradition and old freedoms, only wanted to abolish the grievances that were perceived to be becoming increasingly worse. The current conditions were merely tobe rearranged according to the model of the idealized ancestral community.
Economic Cultures and Debates on Taxation in Italy after World War II: 1943–1948
Authors: Bozzi Paolo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This contribution analyses the change in the conception of taxation which occurred in Italy during the aftermath of World War II. From being a neutral mechanism to collect state revenue, in this period taxation became seen as a powerful political tool to redistribute income and wealth. The article primarily relies on material collected by the Economic Commission of the Ministry for the Constituent Assembly set up in 1945, a unique source which offers a comprehensive overview of the different conceptions of taxation at the time. Drawing upon their different economic and political ideologies, liberal economists and entrepreneurs, Christian Democrats, and Communists formulated alternative tax programmes. While liberal economists and entrepreneurs advocated the maintenance of the existing tax system on technical grounds, the Christian Democrats imposed a new conception of taxation as a means for income redistribution. Progressive and redistributive taxation was also present in the Communist programme, but their ambiguous tax views suffered from the lack of administrative and economic experience which liberal and Catholic economists had instead gathered before and partially even during the Fascist regime. The debate ended abruptly in 1947 with the exclusion of the left from government and the success of liberal conceptions. Nonetheless, during the 1960s, the Catholic emphasis on progressive and redistributive taxation incorporated the new Keynesian ideas on public finance and achieved a hegemonic position in the public debate, thus overcoming the traditional liberal view.
Nonlinear optical decoder based on photonic quasi crystal ring resonator structure
Authors: Alipour-Banaei Hamed , Mehdizadeh Farhad , Serajmohammadi Somaye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using two nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators we proposed and designed an all optical decoder. 2D 12 fold quasicrystal was used as the core section of the resonant rings. In order to make use of advantages of nonlinear Kerr effect, we put 24 dielectric rods between the core and outer shell of the resonant ring. The linear refractive index and nonlinear Kerr coefficient of these rods are n
0 = 1.4 and n
2 = 10−14 m2/W. In the proposed structure port I was used to switch the optical beams coming from BIAS between O1 and O2 output ports. The optical intensity required for performing the switching task is about 0.1 kW/μm2.
Editorial: Topological investigations of chemical networks
Authors: Javaid Muhammad , Imran Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The topic of computing the topological indices (TIs) being a graph-theoretic modeling of the networks or discrete structures has become an important area of research nowadays because of its immense applications in various branches of the applied sciences. TIs have played a vital role in mathematical chemistry since the pioneering work of famous chemist Harry Wiener in 1947. However, in recent years, their capability and popularity has increased significantly because of the findings of the different physical and chemical investigations in the various chemical networks and the structures arising from the drug designs. In additions, TIs are also frequently used to study the quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs) and quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) models which correlate the chemical structures with their physio-chemical properties and biological activities in a dataset of chemicals. These models are very important and useful for the research community working in the wider area of cheminformatics which is an interdisciplinary field combining mathematics, chemistry, and information science. The aim of this editorial is to arrange new methods, techniques, models, and algorithms to study the various theoretical and computational aspects of the different types of these topological indices for the various molecular structures.
Effect of polythiophene thickness on hybrid sensor sensitivity
Authors: Belhousse Samia , Tıghılt Fatma-Zohra , Bennıa Sarah , Adjtoutah Sarah , Sam Sabrina , Lasmı Kahina , Hamdanı Khaled 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent years, hybrid structures have attracted wide consideration because they generate new very interesting properties. In this study, a hybrid gas sensor was developed using a simple fabrication process from the combination of porous silicon (PSi) and polythiophene (PTh). The study of the effect of electropolymerization rate and film thickness of PTh on the sensitivity and the stability of sensor was realized at room temperature. PSi was formed by electrochemical anodization, and it is an interesting material for sensing applications due to its high surface area. However, to avoid its degradation and to preserve its properties over the time, PSi surface was functionalized electrochemically with PTh subsequently to thermal oxidation. PTh as a conductive polymer is known for its high sensitivity and stability to environmental change. Several thicknesses of PTh have been electropolymerized onto the oxidized PSi surface to determine the best conditions for developing a sensitive and stable sensor. PTh thickness was controlled by the number of applied voltammogram cyclic. The characterizations of the different elaborated surfaces were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, contact angle, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Finally, we studied the sensitivity, the response time, and the stability of PSi/PTh structures with different PTh thicknesses in the presence of CO2 gas and under cigarette smoke, by performing electrical characterizations, at room temperature.
Abnormal retention of s-triazine herbicides on porous graphitic carbon
Authors: Grinevich Oksana , Khesina Zoya , Buryak Alexey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is a widely used stationary phase for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that allows separation of structurally similar compounds retained in mixed form on a flat graphite surface. Such a stationary phase can be used in analytical chemistry to provide good separation and selectivity in pesticide monitoring. In this article, we studied the chromatographic behavior of five common triazine herbicides (simazine, atrazine, desmetryn, propazine, prometryn) on PGC vis-à-vis octadecyl-functionalized silica gel (ODS). It was found that the herbicides studied have an abnormal elution order on PGC compared to ODS. PGC was also characterized by higher selectivity of analyte separation. This behavior of triazine herbicides on PGC cannot be explained either with the help of existing theory or by mathematical modeling of adsorption processes on graphite. Therefore, we have proposed a possible retention mechanism, explaining the effects observed, due to the shielding of the amino group in the triazine ring by alkyl substituents, which decreases the “polar retention effect” of PGC. Satisfactory separation efficacy was obtained with the proposed analytical method, using convenient UV-detection and without resort to laborious techniques such as HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Exploring the Effect of Conversion on the Distribution of Inflectional Suffixes: A Multivariate Corpus Study
Authors: Rauhut Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLexical ambiguity in the English language is abundant. Word-class ambiguity is even inherently tied to the productive process of conversion. Most lexemes are rather flexible when it comes to word class, which is facilitated by the minimal morphology that English has preserved. This study takes a multivariate quantitative approach to examine potential patterns that arise in a lexicon where verb-noun and noun-verb conversion are pervasive. The distributions of three inflectional suffixes, verbal -s, nominal -s, and -edare explored for their interaction with degrees of verb-noun conversion. In order to achieve that, the lexical dispersion, context-dependency, and lexical similarity between the inflected and bare forms were taken into consideration and controlled for in a Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS; Stasinopoulos, M. D., R. A. Rigby, and F. De Bastiani. 2018. “GAMLSS: A Distributional Regression Approach.”Statistical Modelling18 (3–4): 248–73). The results of a series of zero-one-inflated beta models suggest that there is a clear “uncanny” valley of lexemes that show similar proportions of verbal and nominal uses. Such lexemes have a lower proportion of inflectional uses when textual dispersion and context-dependency are controlled for. Furthermore, as soon as there is some degree of conversion, the probability that a lexeme is always encountered without inflection sharply rises. Disambiguation by means of inflection is unlikely to play a uniform role depending on the inflectional distribution of a lexeme.
Between Causative and Passive: Agentivity in the Affactive Construction
Authors: Johannsen Berit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis brief discussion paper is concerned with the sequence [haveNP Vpp] and its distinction into a causative and a passive construction, which hinges on the (non-)agentivity of the subject participant, so that the sequence can be seen as ambiguous in that respect. Instead of analyzing these uses as two different constructions, I propose a unified analysis as instances of the affactive construction. This construction has the functional potential of putting primary focus on secondary participants, so-called afficiary participants. The potential ambiguity with regard to the agentivity of these participants is not an issue in usage, as it is only evoked as part of the conceptual content in the background.
Potret Perempuan dalam Film Tilik Karya Wahyu Agung Prasetyo
Authors: Masyitoh Siti , Adnan Muhammad Muzaki 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan potret perempuan dalam film Tilik. perempuan direpresentasikan dengan berbagai cara dalam film tersebut, misalnya sebagai kepala desa (Bu Lurah), sebagai istri (Bu Tejo, Bu Tri), atau individu (Dian, Yu Ning, Yu Sam). Namun, dalam film ini menggambarkan kekuatan perempuan dengan cara yang negatif. Sumber utama kekuatan mereka berasal dari bergosip, pamer, dan melanggar aturan. Melalui metode semiotika Roland Barthes, penelitian ini mengungkapkan potret perempuan melalui lima sisi yang ditampilkan. Terdapat lima temuan pada penelitian ini. Pertama, perempuan sebagai tukang gosip. Kedua, perempuan sebagai tukang pamer. Ketiga, pengaruh internet terhadap ibu-ibu. Keempat, perempuan yang belum menikah di usia matang menjadi bahan fitnah. Kelima, perempuan mampu bekerja di ranah publik. Kelima temuan ini bukanlah suatu usaha peneliti untuk melakukan generalisasi terhadap perempuan. Dengan kelima unsur yang dimiliki perempuan, ternyata menyimpan makna yang bisa diambil sebagai pelajaran hidup.
Immunomodulation Effect of Kaempferia galanga Ethanolic Extract On In Vitro Lymphocyte Cell Proliferation
Authors: Sugiartanti Dianita Dwi , Wiedosari Ening 
Published: November 2021

<p><em>Kaempferia galanga</em> L. is a traditional medicine with antitumor properties, as indicated by its immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of <em>K. galanga</em> on lymphocyte cell proliferation activity as an indicator of immunomodulatory properties. This study was conducted at the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (February to April 2018). The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was evaluated with an <em>in vitro</em> splenocyte proliferation assay. The assay was based on cellular enzymatic synthesis to transform the XTT from formazan tetrazolium as an indicator. The <em>K. galanga</em> extract was obtained by 96% ethanol extraction. The test was conducted in an aseptic condition, consisted of five treatment groups with three replications each. Three groups of splenocyte cell culture, each with extract concentration of 2.5 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>, 25 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>, and 250 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>, as well as a positive (Concanavalin A/Con A) and negative (cell only) control. The cell suspension (10x10<sup>4 </sup>cells/ml) was distributed on 96-well plates and cultured following the treatment groups. The same five plates were made for five days of observation and retrieved daily by observing an Elisa reader at 450 nm. The extract of <em>K. galanga </em>at 2.5 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>, 25 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>, and 250 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup> significantly (P &lt;0.05) promoted splenocyte proliferation compared to control. Therefore, it was expected that <em>K. galanga </em>has a high potential to be used as immunomodulators. Hence, further investigations should be done to clarify the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of <em>K. galanga</em> as an antitumor <em>in vivo</em>.</p>
Community Engagement for Malaria Elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion: a Qualitative Study Among Malaria Researchers and Policymakers
Authors: Kaehler Nils , Adhikari Bipin , Cheah Phaik Yeong , von Seidlein Lorenz , Day Nicholas PJ , Dondorp Arjen M , Pell Christopher 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionCommunity engagement has increasingly received attention in malaria research and program interventions, particularly as countries approach closer to malaria elimination. Although strategies and aspects of community engagement are constantly developing, little is known about how those who implement research or programs view community engagement. This article explores the perspectives of researchers and policy makers in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) on community engagement for malaria control and elimination. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted among 17 policymakers and 15 senior researchers working in the field of malaria. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in English. Transcribed data were analyzed using deductive and inductive approach in QSR NVivo. Themes and sub-themes were generated. ResultsResearchers and policymakers emphasized the importance of community engagement in promoting participation in malaria research and interventions. Building trust with the community was seen as crucial. Respondents emphasized involving authority/leadership structures and highlighted the need for intense and participatory engagement. Geographic remoteness, social, cultural, and linguistic diversity were identified as barriers to meaningful engagement. Local staff were described as an essential ‘connect’ between researchers or policy makers and prospective participants. Sharing information with community members, using various strategies such as visualization of message including creative and participatory methods were highlighted. ConclusionsAs malaria continues to decline across the GMS, countries have set elimination goals. In this context, policy makers and researchers involved in malaria prevention and control in the region viewed community engagement as crucial for promoting participation in research or programmatic interventions. Given the difficulties of the “last mile” to elimination, sustained investment in community engagement is needed in isolated areas of the GMS where malaria transmission continues.
Biosorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye onto Chemically Modified and Unmodified Yarrowia lipolytica Biomass
Authors: ARACAGÖK YUSUF DORUK 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) is a widely used carcinogenic and toxic dye. This study focused on RBBR dye from aqueous solution using potassium permanganate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified, and unmodified Yarrowia lipolytica biomass as biosorbent. RBBR dye biosorption studies were carried out as a function of pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The pH of the aqueous solution strongly influenced the biosorption percent of RBBR dye. The highest dye biosorption capacity yield was obtained at pH 2-3 as well as above pH 3, very low yield biosorption of RBBR was observed. No differences were found between chemically modified and unmodified biomass in terms of RBBR dye biosorption capacity. In the first 15 min, almost 50% RBBR dye was removed from the solution and reached equilibrium within,180 min at pH 2. Biosorption isotherm obeyed Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.