bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Analysis of Pediatric Patients in Konya Region, Turkey
Authors: Tasbent Fatma Esenkaya , Özdemir Mehmet , Akcan Özge M. , Kurt Esma K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective Genome sequencing is useful for following the change in mutation and variants in viral agent during pandemics. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) complete genomes on pediatric patients.
Methods Six pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were included in this study. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing was performed using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION, following the ARTIC Network protocols. Sequencing data were obtained using the FASTQ program and quality assessment was evaluated. The sequence information of all samples was uploaded to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. Genome, variant, clade, and phylogenetic tree analyses were performed with bioinformatic analysis.
Results Two of these six samples were at 20A, two were at 20B, and two were at 19A in the nextstrain clade. According to Pango lineages, B.1.36, B.1.218, B.1, and B.1.260 lineages were detected. A total of 84 mutations were observed in all samples. None of the variants were classified as variants of concern (VOC) nor variants of interest (VOI) according to the Pango database.
Conclusion This study is the first comprehensively sequence analysis registered in the GISAID database reported from the Konya region in Turkey. Similar studies will be informative to track changes in the virus genome, obtain epidemiological data, guide studies on diagnosis and treatment, and evaluate vaccine efficacy.
The Impact of Altitude at Birth on Perinatal Respiratory Support for Neonates with Trisomy 21
Authors: Bloom Jessica L. , Furniss Anna , Suresh Krithika , Fuhlbrigge Robert C. , Lamb Molly M. , Rosenberg Sophie , Edwards Anastasia , O'Leary Sean T. 
Published: October 2021

Objective Both high altitude and trisomy 21 (T21) status can negatively impact respiratory outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the association between altitude and perinatal respiratory support in neonates with T21 compared with those without T21.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study used the United States all-county natality files that included live, singleton, in-hospital births from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics for neonates with and without the primary outcome of sustained assisted ventilation (>6 hours) were compared using t-tests and Chi-squared analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between respiratory support and the presence of T21, and included an interaction term to determine whether the association between respiratory support and the presence of T21 was modified by elevation at delivery.
Results A total of 17,939,006 neonates, 4,059 (0.02%) with T21 and 17,934,947 (99.98%) without, were included in the study. The odds of requiring sustained respiratory support following delivery were 5.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.31, 6.66), 4.06 (95% CI: 2.39, 6.89), 2.36 (95% CI: 1.64, 3.40), and 5.04 (95% CI: 1.54, 16.54) times as high for neonates with T21 than without T21 when born at low, medium, high, and very high elevations, respectively. The odds of requiring immediate ventilation support following delivery were 5.01 (95% CI: 4.59, 5.46), 5.90 (95% CI: 4.16, 8.36), 2.86 (95% CI: 2.15, 3.80), and 12.08 (95% CI: 6.78, 21.51) times as high for neonates with T21 than without T21 when born at low, medium, high, and very high elevation, respectively.
Conclusion Neonates with T21 have increased odds of requiring respiratory support following delivery when compared with neonates without T21 at all categories of altitude. However, the odds ratios did not increase monotonically with altitude which indicates additional research is critical in understanding the effects of altitude on neonates with T21.
Key Points
Acute Csk inhibition hinders B cell activation by constraining the PI3 kinase pathway
Authors: Lu Wen , Skrzypczynska Katarzyna M. , Weiss Arthur 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceB lymphocytes recognize pathogenic antigens and become activated via their B cell receptors (BCR). This BCR-dependent activation is controlled by Src-family kinases (SFKs). It is unclear how B cells tolerate the fluctuations of SFK activities and maintain unresponsiveness in the absence of foreign antigens. Using a chemical-genetic system, we acutely inhibited C-terminal Src kinase to enhance the SFK activity in mouse B cells. Surprisingly, we observed marked inhibition of BCR-downstream signaling due to associated impairment of the phosphatidylinositol-trisphosphate pathway. These results reveal the critical importance of maintaining a proper amount of SFK activity in quiescent B cells for appropriate BCR-dependent responses, which may be critical for naïve B cell unresponsiveness to self-antigens to maintain peripheral tolerance.
Study of optical, thermal and radio frequency properties of low emissivity coatings with frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Alcain R , Carretero E , Chueca R , Heras C , Salinas I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) defined on railcar windows with a metallic low-e coating to improve the reception of mobile communications signals is becoming ever more common. The proximity of the glass to the passenger in this scenario has introduced a new parameter to consider, aesthetics. This paper presents a complete study of the development of a FSS defined by laser ablation, considering all current requirements. The fabricated samples will be characterized in the optical and radiofrequency ranges of the spectrum. Also, by means of an electron microscope, the chemical elements of each area of the samples will be quantified, in order to study the ablation process. New samples will be made using these parameters, and its performance according to specifications verified. These data will be correlated, using digital image processing, to the aesthetic impact of the engraved FSS, as confirmation of the optimal laser configuration.
Temperature distribution inside a porous silicon photonic mirror
Authors: Estrada-Wiese D , Balbuena-Ortega A , del Río J A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Photonic devices require precise and high-cost procedures to evaluate their performance which is related to their temperature increase. The fundamental understanding of thermal phenomena, ergo measurement of temperature, inside radiation controlling devices is of great relevance to study their performance. In this paper, we carry out a comprehensive campaign of experiments to study the temperature profile inside a porous silicon multilayer 1D photonic structure by using a thermographic camera. In particular, we have analyzed broad-range reflective devices and found that the electromagnetic radiation does not travel beyond the photonic structure showing a clear maximum inside of it. We have compared this result with a pure silicon wafer under the interaction with the same radiation. To compare these samples, we used a normalization procedure that can be implemented on many microstructured devices to simplify their performance evaluation.
Radiation damage and abnormal photoluminescence enhancement of multilayer MoS2 under neutron irradiation
Authors: Xiong Guodong , Zhu Huiping , Wang Lei , Fan Linsheng , Zheng Zhongshan , Li Bo , Zhao Fazhan , Han Zhengsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, neutron irradiation effects on the optical property of multilayer MoS2 have been investigated in depth. Our results display that the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of MoS2 flakes tends to slightly decrease after exposed to neutron irradiation with low fluence of 4.0 × 108 n/cm2. An unexpected improvement of PL intensity, however, is observed when the irradiation fluence accumulates to 3.2 × 109 n/cm2. Combined with the experimental results and first-principles calculations, neutron irradiation damage effects of multilayer MoS2 are analyzed deeply. Sulfur vacancy (V
S) is found to be responsible for the attenuation of the PL intensity as a major defect. In addition, our results reveal that the adsorbed hydroxyl groups (OH) and oxygen atoms (O) on the surface of MoS2 flakes not only promote the transition from trion excitons to neutral excitons, but also repair the V
S in MoS2, both of which contribute to the enhancement of luminescence properties. The detailed evolution process of irradiation-induced defects is discussed to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the significantly difference in luminescence intensity of MoS2 under different irradiation stages. This work has great significance for evaluating the neutron radiation hardness of multilayer MoS2, which is helpful to enrich the fundamental research on neutron irradiation effects.
Theoretical study of the influence of fluorination/chlorination on the electronic properties of donor:acceptor complexes
Authors: Wang Lilong , Wang Haiyan , Li Junhui , Zhang Haitao , Shen Pengchao , Wang Runzhe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, the electronic properties of J50:N2200 (benzodithiophene-alt-benzotriazole: NDI-bithiophene) interface before and after fluorination/chlorination were investigated based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT). The results reveal that the donor (D) and acceptor (A) molecules exhibit direct band gap whether to be fluorinated/chlorinated or not, and the six D:A pairs constructed all display indirect band gap. Next, for the fluorinated/chlorinated D molecule J50, the slope of total density of states (TDOS) curve edge at the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level enlarges, indicating high electron locality; the fluorination/chlorination of the A molecule N2200 reduces the slope of the TDOS at the HOMO level, and the electron delocalization strengthens. Then, the difference ΔE1 of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels between D and A, the difference ΔE2 of HOMO levels between D and A, and the difference ΔE3 between the HOMO level of the D and the LUMO level of the A were calculated about the D:A complexes. The consequences present that by using fluorine/chlorine (F/Cl) substitution at J50, ΔE1 and ΔE2 both decrease, and ΔE3 increases; for N2200, both ΔE1 and ΔE2 increase, and ΔE3 decreases. Since the higher open circuit voltage (V
OC) is directly proportional to ΔE3, again ΔE1 and ΔE2 afford the driving force for charge transport, these expose that the fluorination/chlorination of J50 is beneficial to obtain the higher V
OC, meanwhile, the F/Cl replacement in N2200 facilitates the separation of excitons. In addition, by the Bader charge analysis, the F/Cl substitution at D in D:A blends will promote the intramolecular charge transfer and enhance the molecular polarity; moreover, the substitution at A will improve the intermolecular charge transfer and the dipole electric field may be enhanced. Finally, the details also depend on the type of element and the position of substitution.
Revelation of Mott insulating state in layered honeycomb lattice Li2RuO3
Authors: Bansal Sakshi , Ali Asif , Reddy B H , Singh Ravi Shankar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the role of electron correlation in the electronic structure of honeycomb lattice Li2RuO3 using photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations. Monoclinic Li2RuO3 having Ru network as honeycomb lattice undergoes magneto-structural transition at T
c ∼ 540 K from high temperature phase C2/m to low temperature dimerized phase P21/m. Room temperature valence band photoemission spectra reveal an insulating ground state with no intensity at Fermi level (E
F). Ru 4d band extracted from high and low photon energy valence band photoemission spectra reveal that the surface and bulk electronic structures are very similar in this system. Band structure calculations using generalized gradient approximation leads to metallic ground state while screened hybrid (YS-PBE0) functional reveals opening up of a gap in almost degenerate d

zx
/d

yz
orbitals, whereas d

xy
orbital is already gapped. Ru 3d core level spectra with prominent unscreened feature provides direct evidence of strong electron correlation among Ru 4d electrons which is also manifested by |E − E
F|2 dependence of spectral density of states in the vicinity of E
F in the high-resolution spectra, establishing Li2RuO3 as Mott insulator.
Experimental investigation of unsteady convective heat transfer under airflow velocity and temperature variations
Authors: Brack Stefan , Poser Rico , Wolfersdorf Jens von 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An experimental approach to study unsteady local heat transfer characteristics due to airflow velocity and/or airflow temperature variations is presented. It uses controlled electrical heaters and rotating vanes to independently vary the flow and thermal boundary conditions. Time-resolved surface temperatures are measured using an in situ calibrated infrared thermography camera. Those surface temperatures are analyzed by modeling the transient conjugate heat transfer process in the wall to obtain locally resolved surface heat flux distributions. The applicability is illustrated for a flow and heat transfer behind a tetrahedral vortex generator on a flat plate.
Rail surface defect inspection via a self-reference template and similarity evaluation
Authors: Lang Ning , Wang Decheng , Cheng Peng , Liu Lingxiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although railway transportation has rapidly evolved in recent times, the existing manual maintenance of rail infrastructure presents several challenges, such as labor intensity and tediousness. Computer vision, as one of the automatic inspection methods, shows promising prospects for railway detection tasks. In this study, we proposed a novel rail surface defect detection method based on a self-reference template and similarity evaluation. Firstly, a self-reference template was generated by extracting the domain information together with the longitudinal direction of the rail image. We further defined an image structural similarity index, and subsequently compared all the transversal rows with the background template. A coarse-to-fine segmentation method was further proposed to locate the defect. In the first step of the segmentation procedure, rows with large differences were selected using the Otsu algorithm adaptively. The exact position of the defect was then determined by utilizing both gradient magnitude and grayscale information. Our method was evaluated on a public rail surface defects dataset, which included two types of data. The experiment results showed that our method detected type-I and type-II defects with 89.04% and 89.61% recall, and 98.46% and 97.87% precision, respectively. This shows that our method achieved higher accuracy than the established detection algorithms.
High antioxidant activity of gadolinium–yttrium orthovanadate nanoparticles in cell-free and biological milieu
Authors: Maksimchuk P O , Hubenko K O , Seminko V V , Karbivskii V L , Tkachenko A S , Onishchenko A I , Prokopyuk V Yu , Yefimova S L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the key factor in developing a variety of pathological conditions. Recently various nanomaterials have attracted growing interest as nanoantioxidants with ROS-regulating ability. Here, for the first time, we report on high antioxidant behavior (enzyme-like activity) of GdYVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles (GdYVO NPs) revealed by spectroscopic methods both in cell-free and biological milieu using various ROS sensors. It was revealed that GdYVO NPs (d = 2 nm) effectively scavenge hydroxyl radicals

·
O
H

,

superoxide anions

O

2

·
−

,

hydrogen peroxide

H

2

O

2

,

peroxyl radicals

R
O

O

·

,

and remarkably reduce the lipopolysaccharide-induced ROS generation in rat leukocytes. The antioxidant activity of GdYVO NPs is ascribed to high amount of V4+ and V3+ ions in the structure of the NPs and the reversible switching

V

3
+

↔

V

4
+

and

V

4
+

↔

V

5
+

vanadium oxidation states.
A backprojection kernel (KRNL3D) for very-wide-aperture 3D tomography applied to PET with Multigrid for precise use of time-of-flight data
Authors: Miller Keith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In ‘KRNL3D’ we derive a kernel function K(y
1, y
2, φ) whose backprojections from all directions (θ, φ) in the spherical band

∣
φ
∣
<

φ

¯

max

on the celestial sphere, when integrated with respect to solid angle, yield ρ, the 3D Gaussian point response function (PRF) of radius 1. This K, when convolved against line integral data from an unknown density function f, yields an integral formula for the ‘mollification’ ff = ρ ∗ f, which is a slightly blurred version of f, and which stabilizes the mild ill-posedness. Applied to positron emission tomography that backprojection reconstruction occurs stochastically and one emission event at a time, after needed data corrections. We describe Octave (≈Matlab) codes to tabulate K and to test its use with a large aperture

φ

¯

max

=
π

/

3

or π/6. ‘KRNL3D-
TOF’ truncates backprojection to a cylindrical patch about the TOF approximate location of each event. These ‘backplacements’ decrease the computational cost and limit noise and streaking in one region from contaminating the reconstruction in more distant regions. They also retain the ability to count emission events in an isolated blob despite very low event counts, a valuable feature for dynamic studies of metabolic processes. ‘Multigrid’ allows further reduction in the radius and lengths of the cylinders, thereby enabling even more precise use of the TOF information. This precision should be especially important as researchers decrease the TOF uncertainty in newer generation scanners. Finally, we discuss ‘further work’ that needs to be done. Our codes are being made freely available at https://github.com/keithmillerberkeley/PET-codes.
Interaction of helium plasma jet with tilted targets: consequences of target permittivity, conductivity and incidence angle
Authors: Babaeva Natalia Yu , Naidis George V , Tereshonok Dmitry V , Zhang Cheng , Huang Bangdou , Shao Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the results from the two-dimensional computational investigation of the effect of a helium plasma jet interaction with dielectric plates at a floating potential positioned at different angles (α = 0°, 10°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) relative to the vertical axis. We show that greater surfaces can be treated when the plasma jet is applied non-perpendicularly to the plate. The case of α = 45° is discussed in detail. Here, the dielectric properties (conductivity σ and relative dielectric permittivity ε/ε
0) of the plate were varied. By introducing notations D (deviation of the ionization wave from the tube axis) and S (plasma treated area) we showed how these values are related to the dielectric properties of the plate. We demonstrated that D and S weakly depend on the conductivity σ when it is below the level of (3–5) × 10−4 Ω−1 cm−1. In this case, the deviation D and S are mostly determined by the relative dielectric permittivity ε/ε
0 of the plate. By lowering the dielectric permittivity (at a constant σ) we increase the treatment area S. For conductivities of 10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 or greater, D and S do not depend on the permittivity of the plate. In this case the treatment properties are totally determined by σ. The indicated value of conductivity is close to the conductivity of tap or sea water. It is also close to the conductivity of the inner parts of cells, for example, the cytoplasm of human skin cells. The results will be of interest for researchers working in the area of plasma medicine.
Laser modification of structure and optical properties of N-doped graphene oxide
Authors: Seliverstova Evgeniya , Ibrayev Niyazbek , Menshova Evgeniya , Alikhaidarova Elmira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effect of laser ablation of N-doped graphene oxide (NGO) sheets on its optical properties has been studied. It was shown that the average lateral size of NGO sheets was decreased from 644.4 ± 143.8 to 114.4 ± 59.8 nm after 60 min of ablation. The data of FTIR spectroscopy have shown that after ablation the intensity of the vibrations bands of N-containing groups increases. The optical density of NGO dispersions and the intensity of their emission are depended on the ablation time. The highest fluorescence intensity was recorded upon excitation at a wavelength of 350 nm. For all NGO samples after laser irradiation a noticeable increase in the fluorescence intensity was registered. The enhancement factor was equal to ∼11.0 and 8.5 times for 30 and 60 min, respectively. The lifetime of NGO fluorescence after ablation was increased from 1.73 ns to 3.63 ns. After ablation, the samples under study exhibit long-term luminescence with a maximum at about 450 nm. The data obtained open up possibilities to control the optical properties of N-doped graphene oxide and nanodots based on it.
Microstructure and tribological behaviors of diffusion bonded powder sintered Cu–Sn based alloys
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Zhao Gengrui , Wang Honggang , Gao Gui , Chen Shengsheng , Yang Dongya , Fan Yue , Zhang Guowei , Xu Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Owing to good self-lubricating performance, tin bronze is widely used in industrial fields. As tin bronze parts manufactured by powder metallurgy, their tribological performances are influenced by raw powder. In this work, four types of self-lubricating copper alloy composites (CuSn10 (D), CuSn10, CuSn10Pb10 (D) and CuSn10Pb10) were prepared by sintering completely alloyed powder and diffusion alloyed copper tin powder. The morphology, element distribution and microstructure of raw powder and their sintered Cu alloy composites were observed. The tribological properties of Cu alloys were investigated by block-ring friction test under different working conditions and their worn surface and wear debris were analyzed. The results show that the diffusion alloyed powder has an irregular dendritic morphology and its sintered Cu alloy is more likely to produce twin structure which enhances the hardness and the bearing capacity of the material. Compared with completely alloyed powder sintered CuSn10 sample, the wear rate of CuSn10 (D) sintered from diffusion alloyed powder was reduced by 83.96%, 74.39%, and 67.63% under three typical working conditions. Under dry friction conditions, the wear rate of CuSn10 (D) is reduced by 63.64% than CuSn10, and CuSn10Pb10 (D) is 25% lower than CuSn10Pb10. The investigation on the wear tracks and wear debris of Cu alloy composites showed that the diffusion alloyed powder sintered samples are inclined to form a more consecutive and integral third-body layer on wear tracks and which contributes to the better wear resistance.