bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrophilic Aminating Agents in Total Synthesis
Authors: O'Neil Lauren G. , Bower John F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClassical amination methods involve the reaction of a nitrogen nucleophile with an electrophilic carbon center; however, in recent years, umpoled strategies have gained traction where the nitrogen source acts as an electrophile. A wide range of electrophilic aminating agents are now available, and these underpin a range of powerful C−N bond‐forming processes. In this Review, we highlight the strategic use of electrophilic aminating agents in total synthesis.
Small Exciton Binding Energies Enabling Direct Charge Photogeneration Towards Low‐Driving‐Force Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Lingyun , Zhang Jianqi , Guo Yuan , Yang Chen , Yi Yuanping , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) with nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) exhibit efficient charge generation under small interfacial energy offsets, leading to over 18 % efficiency for the single‐junction devices based on the state‐of‐the‐art NFA of Y6. Herein, to reveal the underlying charge generation mechanisms, we have investigated the exciton binding energy (Eb) in Y6 by a joint theoretical and experimental study. The results show that owing to strong charge polarization effects, Y6 has remarkable small Eb of −0.11–0.15 eV, which is even lower than perovskites in many cases. Moreover, it is peculiar that the photoluminescence is enhanced with temperature, and the energy barrier for separating excitons into charges is evidently lower than the thermal energy according to the temperature dependence of photoluminescence, manifesting direct photogeneration of charge carriers enabled by weak Eb in Y6. Thus, charge generation in NFA‐based OSCs shows little dependence on interfacial driving forces.
A Fully Coplanar Donor–Acceptor Polymeric Semiconductor with Promoted Charge Separation Kinetics for Photochemistry
Authors: Lan Zhi‐An , Wu Meng , Fang Zhongpu , Chi Xu , Chen Xiong , Zhang Yongfan , Wang Xinchen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCharge generation and separation are regarded as the major constraints limiting the photocatalytic activity of polymeric photocatalysts. Herein, two new linear polyarylether‐based polymers (PAE–CPs) with distinct linking patterns between their donor and acceptor motifs were tailor‐made to investigate the influence of different linking patterns on the charge generation and separation process. Theoretical and experimental results revealed that compared to the traditional single‐stranded linker, the double‐stranded linking pattern strengthens donor–acceptor interactions in PAE–CPs and generates a coplanar structure, facilitating charge generation and separation, and enabling red‐shifted light absorption. With these prominent advantages, the PAE–CP interlinked with a double‐stranded linker exhibits markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to that of its single‐strand‐linked analogue. Such findings can facilitate the rational design and modification of organic semiconductors for charge‐induced reactions.
General Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbonaceous Hybrid Nanostructures with Molecularly Dispersed Polyoxometallates
Authors: Chen Chunhong , Mao Shanjun , Tan Chaoliang , Wang Zhe , Ge Yiyao , Ma Qinglang , Zhang Xiao , Qi Guodong , Xu Jun , Fan Zhanxi , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHybrid nanomaterials with controlled dimensions, intriguing components and ordered structures have attracted significant attention in nanoscience and technology. Herein, we report a facile and green polyoxometallate (POM)‐assisted hydrothermal carbonization strategy for synthesis of carbonaceous hybrid nanomaterials with molecularly dispersed POMs and ordered mesopores. By using various polyoxometallates such as ammonium phosphomolybdate, silicotungstic acid, and phosphotungstic acid, our approach can be generalized to synthesize ordered mesoporous hybrid nanostructures with diverse compositions and morphologies (nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical architectures, nanospheres, and nanorods). Moreover, the ordered mesoporous nanosheet‐assembled hierarchical hybrids with molecularly dispersed POMs exhibit remarkable catalytic activity toward the dehydration of tert‐butanol with the high isobutene selectivity (100 %) and long‐term catalytic durability (80 h).
Emulation practices for software preservation in libraries, archives, and museums
Authors: Acker Amelia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmulation practices are computational, technical processes that allow for one system to reproduce the functions and results of another. This article reports on findings from research following three small teams of information professionals as they implemented emulation practices into their digital preservation programs at a technology museum, a university research library, and a university research archive and technology lab. Results suggest that the distributed teams in this cohort of preservationists have developed different emulation practices for particular kinds of “emulation encounters” in supporting different types of access. I discuss the implications of these findings for digital preservation research and emulation initiatives providing access to software or software‐dependent objects, showing how implications of these findings have significance for those developing software preservation workflows and building emulation capacities. These findings suggest that different emulation practices for preservation, research access, and exhibition undertaken in libraries, archives, and museums result in different forms of access to preserved software—accessing information and experiential access. In examining particular types of access, this research calls into question software emulation as a single, static preservation strategy for information institutions and challenges researchers to examine new forms of access and descriptive representation emerging from these digital preservation strategies.
Bipartite containment for linear multi‐agent systems subject to unknown exogenous disturbances
Authors: Wang Li , Han Tao , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Wu Jie , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study concentrates on the bipartite containment of multi‐agent systems (MASs) in signed communication topology with antagonistic interactions. Different from the subsistent related works, disturbances generated from exogenous systems are considered, and an observer‐based approach is developed to estimate them. Two distributed disturbance‐observer‐based controllers are accordingly designed via full state‐feedback control and dynamic output‐feedback control. By utilizing stability theories and other mathematical analyses, sufficient criteria are established to reach asymptotic bipartite containment control. Finally, simulations are used to certify the effectiveness and correctness of theoretical results.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum horizontalen Lastabtrag in aussteifenden Strohballenwänden
Authors: Taube Christopher , Timmler Hans‐Georg , Hoppe Florian , Morgenthal Guido 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrohballen als landwirtschaftliches Nebenprodukt bestehen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, sind regional verfügbar, besitzen ausgezeichnete Dämmeigenschaften und können in hochverdichteter Form großen Beanspruchungen standhalten. Als lasttragende Elemente in Gebäuden des Wohn‐ und Gesellschaftsbaus sowie in landwirtschaftlichen Nutzbauten können sie zu einer Antwort auf die gestiegene Nachfrage nach ökologisch nachhaltigen Lösungen im Bauwesen beitragen. Während der vertikale Lastabtrag bereits Gegenstand mehrerer Forschungsarbeiten war, sind viele Fragen zur aussteifenden Wirkung von Strohwänden gegenüber Horizontallasten noch nicht geklärt. Als Grundlage für die Erarbeitung von Berechnungsmodellen zur realitätsnahen Abbildung des Last‐Verformungsverhaltens sowie zur Definition von Versagenszuständen und Grenzwiderständen ist eine solide experimentelle Datenbasis unerlässlich. In diesem Aufsatz werden Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung experimenteller Versuche zum horizontalen Lastabtrag in Wänden aus hochverdichteten Strohballen vorgestellt. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist ein besseres Verständnis des Last‐Verformungsverhaltens von in der Ebene belasteten Strohwänden. Die Auswertung basiert dabei auf dem Einsatz klassischer mechanischer sowie moderner optischer Messmethoden. Da die Untersuchung des Reibungsverbunds und des Einflusses von Auflasten im Mittelpunkt des Interesses steht, wird dabei bewusst auf den Einsatz mechanischer Verbundmittel verzichtet.
Monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of stroke‐associated pneumonia: A retrospective study‐based investigation
Authors: Cao Feng , Wan Yu , Lei Chunyan , Zhong LianMei , Lei HongTao , Sun Haimei , Zhong Xing , Xiao YaDan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeEarly prediction of stroke‐associated pneumonia (SAP) is significant in clinical practice, as it is frequently challenging due to delays in typical clinical manifestations and radiological changes. The monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) has been proposed as an indicator of systemic inflammation and infection. However, none of these studies have focused on the predictive value of the MLR for SAP. We investigated the predictive value of MLR for SAP and investigated its relationship with disease severity.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we assessed 399 consecutive patients with acute stroke. SAP was defined according to the modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. The severity of pneumonia was rated using the pneumonia severity index (PSI). MLR was calculated by dividing absolute monocyte counts by absolute lymphocyte counts.ResultsAmong all the patients, SAP occurred in 116 patients (29.1%). White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, and MLR levels in the SAP group were higher than those in the non‐SAP group, while lymphocyte levels were lower (p < .05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the MLR (OR = 7.177; 95% CI = 1.190–43.292, p = .032) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. The ROC curve showed that the AUC value of MLR for SAP was 0.779, the optimal cutoff value of MLR for SAP was 0.388, with a specificity of 64.7% and sensitivity of 81.3%. The MLR levels were significantly higher in the severe pneumonia group when assessed by PSI (p = .024) than in the mild group. The AUC value of MLR was 0.622 (95% CI = 0.520–0.724, p = .024) in the severe pneumonia group. The optimal cutoff value of MLR was 0.750, with a specificity of 91.0% and a sensitivity of 33.0%.ConclusionsOur study shows that a high MLR is an independent risk factor for SAP and has a predictive value for severe pneumonia in patients with SAP.
Program development using intervention mapping in primary healthcare settings to address elder abuse: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Oveisi Sonia , Stein LAR , Olfati Forozan , Jahed Shima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbuse of elderly women is of great concern and yet relatively little is known about interventions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop and test a culturally informed treatment, based on Intervention Mapping (IM), for primary healthcare settings. The intervention targets family members of elderly women and seeks to reduce elder abuse.MethodsN = 80 family members of elderly women were randomized to intervention or control. Elderly women completed assessment prior to randomization. Elder abuse was measured by self‐reported frequency of neglect, physical, psychological, and financial abuse in the last 2 months across 16 items. Intervention included 4 sessions, each under 1 hr. At 2‐month follow‐up, elderly women completed an assessment. Linear mixed modeling was used for analyses.ResultsSignificant reduction in frequency of psychological abuse and neglect was found in comparison to control, with trend effects for financial abuse (F = 127.12, p < .005; F = 95.4; p < .005; and F = 16.53, p < .07, respectively). Physical abuse was infrequent.ConclusionThis culturally tailored intervention reduced elder abuse. Given its basis in IM, it is well‐positioned for roll‐out and testing in a larger randomized trial to study adoption, implementation, and sustainability in practice settings.
Atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Fenglian , Liu Wenhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionAtrial cardiopathy is one of the most common potential sources of thromboembolism for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The study aims to investigate the incidence of atrial cardiopathy (defined by severe left atrial enlargement (sLAE) or elevated serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) > 250 pg/ml) in patients with ESUS and compare with other stroke subtypes.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of 936 consecutive patients with diffusion‐weighted imaging‐confirmed acute ischemic stroke. The incidence of atrial cardiopathy was examined in ESUS, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and small vessel disease (SVD) strokes. Clinical characteristics were compared between ESUS patients with atrial cardiopathy (AC‐ESUS) and patients with atrial fibrillation‐induced cardioembolism (AF‐CE) stroke.Results245 patients were diagnosed with ESUS, while others were diagnosed with LAA (n = 312), SVD (n = 258), and AF‐CE (n = 121) strokes. The incidence of sLAE in ESUS patients was higher than in LAA or SVD group (5.3% vs. 1.6% and 1.2%, respectively, p = .005) and higher than in combined LAA/SVD group (5.3% vs. 1.4%, p = .001). The incidence of elevated serum NT‐proBNP in ESUS patients was not statistically different from that in LAA or SVD group. Compared with patients with AF‐CE stroke, AC‐ESUS patients had milder manifestations, had less hemorrhagic transformation, had better short‐term outcome, and had fewer in‐hospital complications.ConclusionsThe incidence of sLAE was higher in ESUS patients than in patients with noncardioembolic strokes. AC‐ESUS was milder when compared to AF‐CE stroke.
Therapists' experiences of providing online counselling: A qualitative study
Authors: Smith Jonell , Gillon Ewan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTechnology‐delivered psychological interventions, particularly online and telephonic counselling, have flourished in recent years, with the need for such a flexible delivery method increasing due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. While empirical research on technology‐delivered psychological interventions is limited, findings indicate that therapists have a positive attitude towards online counselling. There is a particular lack of research on therapists' perceptions and experiences of using technology‐delivered interventions. The primary aim of this study was to explore therapists' experiences of providing online counselling, thereby gaining insight into the therapeutic experience, processes and efficacy from the therapists' perspective. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with five therapists, registered with organisations providing professional counselling and psychotherapy, with experience of providing synchronous/real‐time online video, audio or chat‐mediated counselling sessions. The interviews comprised open‐ended questions. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data, through which two superordinate themes were identified: (a) environmental adaptation and (b) practice enhancement. Our findings suggest that therapists’ online counselling experiences incorporate several factors related to environmental adaptation and practice enhancement that impact the therapeutic process, outcomes, progress and relationship. The findings could inform the development of training, awareness‐raising and skills‐enhanced interventions for psychotherapists already using and hoping to use online therapeutic interventions.
Preliminary testing and evaluation of the renata minima stent, an infant stent capable of achieving adult dimensions
Authors: Zahn Evan M. , Abbott Eason , Tailor Neil , Sathanandam Shyam , Armer Dustin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to obtain in vivo data on a new stent and delivery system specifically designed for implantation in infants with the ability to be enlarged to adult dimensions.BackgroundThere are no endovascular stents designed for or approved for use in infants, nor is there a stent capable of being implanted at infant vessel diameters and achieving adult size while maintaining structural integrity. The Minima stent was designed to address these needs.MethodsThis study was performed in 6 piglets who underwent implantation of 22 Minima stents into the following locations: aorta (n = 11), branch pulmonary arteries (n = 6), and central veins (n = 5).ResultsSuccessful deployment occurred in 21/22 attempts. Two instances of post‐deployment migration occurred. Stents were re‐expanded at 1, 2, 3 and 5 months after implant. All stents regardless of location could be re‐dilated to the intended diameter to keep pace with somatic growth (implant diameter 6.9 +/− 1.2 mm; final diameter 16.1 mm +/− 1.4 mm). Histopathology at 1 and 5 months demonstrated widely patent vessel lumens with stent apposition to vessel wall, early mild inflammatory response surrounding stent struts, typical vascular damage and healing response to acute dilation and a progressive smooth neointimal growth covering stent struts over time.ConclusionsIn this in vivo study of the Minima stent, there was high implant success, predictable re‐dilatability to adult diameters and favorable histopathology. Further study is warranted.
The possibilities of using elicitors in the increase of functional value of winter wheat grain under field conditions
Authors: Różyło Krzysztof , Biszczak Wojciech , Jośko Izabela , Kusiak Magdalena , Świeca Michał 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesOne of the ways to increase the content of biologically active substances in plants is elicitation. Elicitors cause moderate stress and induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of secondary metabolites. The study investigated the effect of elicitors on yield, nutrients content as well as phenolics and antioxidant properties of fully ripened winter wheat grain and the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzymes in grain at the milk‐dough ripeness stage.FindingsAmong the elicitors used, only potassium iodide and UV‐C significantly decreased the yield. Treatments did not affect phenolics content but distinctly elevated antiradical properties by about 28% in the case of crickets powder and hydrogen peroxide. After the application of L‐phenylalanine, the grains were characterized by the highest values of chelating and reducing power. Only the treatment with L‐phenylalanine modulated the relative expression level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.ConclusionL‐phenylalanine, hydrogen peroxide, and crickets powder showed the most pronounced potential to increase the functional value of the wheat grain. Potassium iodide and UV‐C significantly reduced the grain yield, therefore their using as elicitors is questionable.Significance and noveltyThese results are important for the global economy because increasing the functional value of the grain will improve human health and reduce medical costs.
SARS‐CoV‐2 identified by universal preoperative COVID‐19 testing prior to emergency surgery: Case of an asymptomatic pediatric patient requiring emergency surgery
Authors: Racette Samuel D. , Lavin Jennifer M. , Kociolek Larry K. , Zheng Xiotian T. , Haverkamp Karen Susan , Swibel Rosenthal Laura H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case highlights the importance of identifying SARS‐CoV‐2 preoperatively, irrespective of symptoms, as symptoms may be mild, especially in children compared to adults, and asymptomatic carriers can have high viral loads and be infectious.
Acute myocardial infarction not attributed to coronary artery disease: A seldom initial presentation of a left ventricular myxoma
Authors: Spiliopoulos Kyriakos , Anyfantakis Zacharias A. , Diminikos Ilias , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Magouliotis Dimitrios E. , Skoularigis John , Triposkiadis Filippos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough myxoma represents the most frequent non‐malignant cardiac primary tumor; it is extremely rare met in the left ventricle. Clinical features of the neoplasm extend from symptomless to critical signs of either ischemia or embolism. We describe here an unusual case of a huge left ventricular myxoma in a 68‐year‐old man, presented with clinical and ECG findings of an inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patient was primarily referred to our institution for coronary angiography, which showed no coronary artery disease. Further examinations revealed a left ventricular mass as the possible source of embolization, thus the patient underwent surgery for tumor excision. The postoperative course was unremarkable. A bibliographical analysis demonstrated that those tumors are rare but treatable causes of embolic myocardial infarction, thus profound clinical intuition, proper utilization of imaging modalities, administration of anticoagulants preoperatively, as well immediate surgical removal are justified.
A rare case of lobular breast cancer metastasizing to large bowel
Authors: Yanagisawa Waka , Krishnan Sandra , Fernandez Adrian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLobular breast cancer metastasis to bowel is rare, however, when it occurs, the prognosis is poor. Possible benefits of investigation with screening endoscopy for gastrointestinal metastases are discussed in order to optimize prognosis for patients.
Extremely high high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with coronary artery disease: Case report
Authors: Sawalha Khalid , Kamoga Gilbert‐Roy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhether this extremely high high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level due to chronic alcohol abuse or cholesteryl ester transfer protein or others, we report this interesting case of extremely high high‐density lipoprotein to emphasize that serum HDL is not always protective from development of coronary heart disease.
Cutaneous plasmacytosis: A rare initial presentation of idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease
Authors: Yamamoto Yu , Matsumura Masami 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCutaneous plasmacytosis could precede the development of idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease (iMCD). If a patient is diagnosed with cutaneous plasmacytosis without systemic manifestations, clinicians should carefully follow up with the patient keeping in mind the potential for the development of iMCD.
A caroticocavernous fistula without vascular injury following endoscopic transsphenoidal excision of a tuberculum sellae meningioma—A case report
Authors: Ngui Jesse Zen , Higginbotham George , Kanesen Davendran , Lau Jia Him , Tang Ing Ping , Liew Donald N. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCaroticocavernous fistulae can occur following transsphenoidal surgery even without evidence of carotid artery injury. A role of vascularized flap reconstruction may be contributory.
Uterine cervical involvement of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Rare cause of postcoital bleeding
Authors: Birge Özer , Bakır Mehmet Sait , Dinc Can , Karadag Ceyda , Boduroglu Ahmet , Simsek Tayup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt should be kept in mind that non‐Hodgkin lymphoma may involve uterine cervix and a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted.
GAD‐65 antibodies in a case of HNF1A‐Maturity‐Onset Diabetes of the Young: Double diabetes?
Authors: Sjöholm Åke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetes classification is not as defined as it used to be. A patient with one type of diabetes can have diagnostic criteria of another type, which may affect the course of the disease. Clinicians need to consider that when dealing with patients who do not fit the exact description of their diagnosed type of diabetes.
Successful radiotherapy of de novo hypopharyngeal cancer in a Fanconi anemia patient with previous esophageal cancer
Authors: Babaei Mohammad , Roudini Kamran , Shirkhoda Mohammad , Ganjalikhani Maryam , Kolahdouzan Kasra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDefinitive radiotherapy was effectively used for treatment of de novo hypopharyngeal SCC in a previous esophageal cancer patient with a history of Fanconi anemia, resulting in a complete clinical response.