bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying false positional corrections due to facial motion using SGRT with open‐face Masks
Authors: Bry Victoria , Licon Anna Laura , McCulloch James , Kirby Neil , Myers Pamela , Saenz Daniel , Stathakis Sotirios , Papanikolaou Niko , Rasmussen Karl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeStudies have evaluated the viability of using open‐face masks as an immobilization technique to treat intracranial and head and neck cancers. This method offers less stress to the patient with comparable accuracy to closed‐face masks. Open‐face masks permit implementation of surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) to assist in positioning and motion management. Research suggests that changes in patient facial expressions may influence the SGRT system to generate false positional corrections. This study aims to quantify these errors produced by the SGRT system due to face motion.MethodsTen human subjects were immobilized using open‐face masks. Four discrete SGRT regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed based on anatomical features to simulate different mask openings. The largest ROI was lateral to the cheeks, superior to the eyebrows, and inferior to the mouth. The smallest ROI included only the eyes and bridge of the nose. Subjects were asked to open and close their eyes and simulate fear and annoyance and peak isocenter shifts were recorded. This was performed in both standard and SRS specific resolutions with the C‐RAD Catalyst HD system.ResultsAll four ROIs analyzed in SRS and Standard resolutions demonstrated an average deviation of 0.3 ± 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.4 ± 0.4 mm shift for eyes open, and 0.3 ± 0.3 mm for eyes closed and 0.8 ± 0.9 mm shift for eyes open. The average deviation observed due to changing facial expressions was 1.4 ± 0.9 mm for SRS specific and 1.6 ± 1.6 mm for standard resolution.ConclusionThe SGRT system can generate false positional corrections for face motion and this is amplified at lower resolutions and smaller ROIs. These errors should be considered in the overall tolerances and treatment plan when using open‐face masks with SGRT and may warrant additional radiographic imaging.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14: refining clinicogenetic diagnosis in a rare adult‐onset disorder
Authors: Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Lux Silke , Bauer Peter , Brandt Alexander U. , Schlapakow Elena , Greschus Susanne , Scheel Michael , Gärtner Hanna , Kirlangic Mehmet E. , Gras Vincent , Timmann Dagmar , Synofzik Matthis , Giorgetti Alejandro , Carloni Paolo , Shah Jon N. , Schöls Ludger , Kopp Ute , Bußenius Lisa , Oberwahrenbrock Timm , Zimmermann Hanna , Pfueller Caspar , Kadas Ella‐Maria , Rönnefarth Maria , Grosch Anne‐Sophie , Endres Matthias , Amunts Katrin , Paul Friedemann , Doss Sarah , Minnerop Martina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesGenetic variant classification is a challenge in rare adult‐onset disorders as in SCA‐PRKCG (prior spinocerebellar ataxia type 14) with mostly private conventional mutations and nonspecific phenotype. We here propose a refined approach for clinicogenetic diagnosis by including protein modeling and provide for confirmed SCA‐PRKCG a comprehensive phenotype description from a German multi‐center cohort, including standardized 3D MR imaging.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study prospectively obtained neurological, neuropsychological, and brain imaging data in 33 PRKCG variant carriers. Protein modeling was added as a classification criterion in variants of uncertain significance (VUS).ResultsOur sample included 25 cases confirmed as SCA‐PRKCG (14 variants, thereof seven novel variants) and eight carriers of variants assigned as VUS (four variants) or benign/likely benign (two variants). Phenotype in SCA‐PRKCG included slowly progressive ataxia (onset at 4–50 years), preceded in some by early‐onset nonprogressive symptoms. Ataxia was often combined with action myoclonus, dystonia, or mild cognitive‐affective disturbance. Inspection of brain MRI revealed nonprogressive cerebellar atrophy. As a novel finding, a previously not described T2 hyperintense dentate nucleus was seen in all SCA‐PRKCG cases but in none of the controls.InterpretationIn this largest cohort to date, SCA‐PRKCG was characterized as a slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome with some clinical and imaging features suggestive of a developmental disorder. The observed non‐ataxia movement disorders and cognitive‐affective disturbance may well be attributed to cerebellar pathology. Protein modeling emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for variant classification and the newly described T2 hyperintense dentate sign could serve as a supportive diagnostic marker of SCA‐PRKCG.
Inorganic Ammonium Halide Additive Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tan Shan , Shi Jiangjian , Yu Bingcheng , Zhao Wenyan , Li Yusheng , Li Yiming , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskite cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) exhibits excellent prospects for commercial application as a light absorber in single‐junction or tandem solar cells due to its outstanding thermal stability and proper bandgap. However, the device performance of CsPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still restricted by the unsatisfactory crystal quality and severe non‐radiative recombination. Herein, inorganic additive ammonium halides are introduced into the precursor solution to regulate the nucleation and crystallization of the CsPbI3 film by exploiting the atomic interaction between the ammonium group and the Pb–I framework. The grain boundaries and interfacial contact of the CsPbI3 film have been improved, which leads to significant suppression in the non‐radiative recombination and an enhancement in the charge transport ability. With these benefits, a high efficiency of 18.7% together with an extraordinarily high fill factor of 0.83–0.84 has been achieved, comparable to the highest records reported so far. Moreover, the cell exhibits ultra‐high photoelectrical stability under continuous light illumination and high bias voltage with 96% of its initial power‐conversion efficiency being sustained after 2000 h operation, even superior to the world‐champion CsPbI3 solar cell. The findings are promising for the development and application of all‐inorganic PSCs using a simple inorganic additive strategy.
Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on In Situ Growth All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals in PVDF Fibers with Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Chen Huiying , Zhou Linlin , Fang Zhi , Wang Shuize , Yang Tao , Zhu Laipan , Hou Xinmei , Wang Hailong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInorganic lead halide perovskite has become an emerging material for modern photoelectric and electronic nanodevices due to its excellent optical and electronic properties. In view of its huge dielectric and electrical properties, inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite is introduced into the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). Based on one‐step electrospinning of solutions containing CsPbBr3 precursors and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), in situ growth of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in PVDF fibers (CsPbBr3@PVDF composite fibers) with highly uniform size and spatial distribution are synthesized. The CsPbBr3@PVDF composite fibers based PENG reveals an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 103 V and a density of short‐circuit current (Isc) of 170 µA cm−2, where the Voc is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art hybrid composite piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and the density of Isc is 4.86 times higher than that of lead halide perovskites counterpart ever reported. Moreover, CsPbBr3@PVDF composite fibers based PENG exhibits fundamentally improved thermal/water/acid–base stabilities. This study suggests that the CsPbBr3@PVDF composite fiber is a good candidate for fabricating high‐performance PENGs, promising application potentials in mechanical energy harvesting and motion sensing technologies.
Encoding Hidden Information onto Surfaces Using Polymerized Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors
Authors: Geng Yong , Kizhakidathazhath Rijeesh , Lagerwall Jan P. F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe omnidirectional Bragg reflection of cholesteric liquid crystals molded into spheres turns them into narrow‐band retroreflectors with distinct circular polarization. It is shown that these cholesteric spherical reflectors (CSRs) can encode information onto surfaces for far‐field optical read‐out without false positives, as the selective retroreflectivity allows the background to be easily subtracted. In order to hide the encoding from detection by the human eye, the retroreflection band is tuned to the near‐UV or IR spectra, allowing ubiquitous deployment of CSRs in human‐populated environments. This opens diverse application opportunities, for instance, in supporting safe robotic navigation and in augmented reality. A key breakthrough is our ability to permanently embed CSRs in a binder such that undesired scattering and reflections are minimized. This is achieved by realizing CSRs as shells that are polymerized from the liquid crystalline state. The resulting shrinkage around an incompressible fluid deforms the thinnest region of each shell such that it ruptures at a well‐defined point. This leaves a single small hole in every CSR that gives access to the interior, allowing complete embedding in the binder with optimized refractive index, minimizing visibility.
Anchoring Polysulfides and Accelerating Redox Reaction Enabled by Fe‐Based Compounds in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Qiao Zhensong , Zhang Yinggan , Meng Zhaohui , Xie Qingshui , Lin Liang , Zheng Hongfei , Sa Baisheng , Lin Jie , Wang Laisen , Peng Dong‐Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synergetic mechanism of chemisorption and catalysis play an important role in developing high‐performance lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, a 3D lather‐like porous carbon framework containing Fe‐based compounds (including Fe3C, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3), named FeCFeOC, is designed as the sulfur host and the interlayer on separator. Due to the strong chemisorption and catalytic ability of FeCFeOC composite, the soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are first adsorbed and anchored on the surface of the FeCFeOC composite and then are catalyzed to accelerate their conversion reaction. In addition, the FexOy in Fe‐based compounds can spontaneously react with LiPSs to form magnetic FeSx species with a larger size, further blocking the penetration of LiPSs cross the separator. As a result, the assembled Li–S cells show excellent long‐term stability (748 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1.0 C, and ≈0.036% decay per cycle for 1000 cycles at 3.0 C), a superb rate capability with 659 mAh g−1 at 5.0 C, and lower electrochemical polarization. This work introduces a feasible strategy to anchor and accelerate the conversion of LiPSs by designing the multifunctional Fe‐based compounds with high chemisorption and catalytic activity, which advances the large‐scale application of high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Constructing the Support as a Microreactor and Regenerator for Highly Active and In Situ Regenerative Hydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Liu Tian , Wu Binbin , Chen Baoliang , Chu Chiheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe demands for efficient and robust heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts have triggered extensive research to optimize the structures of metal catalytic centers, but the potential of support construction for enhanced hydrogenation performance has been overlooked. This study introduces a hierarchically ordered porous poly(2,6‐diaminopyridine) (PDAP) as a Pd nanoparticle support for hydrogenation removal of recalcitrant pollutants in water purification. The PDAP support acts as a sorbent and microreactor to enhance the proximity of targeted water pollutants and reactive hydrogen atom species, achieving unprecedently high water purification efficiency. The PDAP support also acts as a catalyst in mediating peroxide‐activation for oxidative destruction of Pd poisons (e.g., reduced sulfur), achieving in situ regeneration of poisoned Pd catalysis centers. The high activity and in situ regenerativity achieved by rational construction of the support structure sheds light on a new approach for designing efficient and robust heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.
Overcoming Mfsd2a‐Mediated Low Transcytosis to Boost Nanoparticle Delivery to Brain for Chemotherapy of Brain Metastases
Authors: Ju Xiufeng , Miao Tongtong , Chen Haiyan , Ni Jiang , Han Liang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrovessels of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) exclusively express the major facilitator superfamily domain‐containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a), which is the key transporter for docosahexaenoic acid uptake into the brain. Mfsd2a suppresses caveolae‐mediated transcytosis to regulate BBB transcellular permeability via controlling lipid composition of BBB endothelial cells. It is speculated that Mfsd2a can restrain BBB crossing efficiency and brain accumulation efficiency of brain‐targeting drug delivery systems, which penetrate the BBB often through the receptor‐mediated transcytosis pathway. Transcytosis across the BBB is a crucial bottleneck for targeted chemotherapy of brain metastases. To overcome this issue, a pair of priming nanoparticles (NPs) and following drug‐loaded NPs are designed. Tunicamycin‐(TM)‐loaded transcytosis‐targeting‐peptide‐(TTP)‐decorated NPs (TM@TTP) are used to boost BBB transcytosis via inhibiting Mfsd2a. Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded TTP and CD44‐specific hyaluronic acid (HA)‐comodified NPs (DOX@TTP–HA) are designed as following drug‐loaded NPs. The brain accumulation efficacy of following DOX@TTP–HA with priming is 4.30‐fold higher than that without priming through the enhanced transcytosis pathway rather than the tight junction opening. Effective BBB crossing and brain accumulation, selective tumor uptake, excellent antitumor efficacy, and low hepatotoxicity are achieved by TM@TTP and DOX@TTP–HA, suggesting this tactic as a significant therapeutic strategy against breast cancer brain metastases.
Facile Synthesis of a Croconaine‐Based Nanoformulation for Optoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Nian , O'Connor Patrick , Gujrati Vipul , Gorpas Dimitris , Glasl Sarah , Blutke Andreas , Walch Axel , Kleigrewe Karin , Sattler Michael , Plettenburg Oliver , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light absorbing theranostic agents can integrate optoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy for effective personalized precision medicine. However, most of these agents face the challenges of unstable optical properties, material‐associated toxicity, and nonbiodegradability, all of which limit their biomedical application. Several croconaine‐based organic agents able to overcome some of these limitations have been recently reported, but these suffer from complicated multistep synthesis protocols. Herein, the use of CR760, a croconaine dye with excellent optical properties, is reported for nanoparticle formulation and subsequent optoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Importantly, CR760 can be conveniently prepared in a single step from commercially available materials. Furthermore, CR760 can be covalently attached, via a polyethylene glycol linker, to the αvβ3 integrin ligand c(RGDyC), resulting in self‐assembled nanoparticles (NPs) with cancer‐targeting capability. Such CR760RGD‐NPs exhibit strong NIR absorption, high photostability, high optoacoustic generation efficiency, and active tumor‐targeting, making them ideal candidates for optoacoustic imaging. Due to favorable electron transfer, CR760RGD‐NPs display a 45.37% photothermal conversion efficiency thereby rendering them additionally useful for photothermal therapy. Targeted tumor elimination, biosafety, and biocompatibility are demonstrated in a 4T1 murine breast tumor model. This work points to the use of CR760RGD‐NPs as a promising nanoagent for NIR‐based cancer phototheranostics.
Nanoburl Graphites
Authors: Lin Kunpeng , Fang Hailiang , Gao Ang , Yu Hui , Wang Lianjun , Yu Qian , Gu Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Li Jianlin , Jiang Wan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA critical challenge for the application of graphite is low strength, which originates from the easy cleavage of graphite (0002) planes. Inspired by the burl strengthening mechanism observed in tree trunks, nanodiamond particles converted into graphite onions are used as “nanoburls” embedded in graphite (0002) lattice planes to eliminate the graphite (0002) plane cleavage of bulk graphites prepared by spark plasma sintering from graphite powders. Covalent bonds are built between carbon atoms by sp3 hybridization at the interface between the graphite onions and flakes, which triggers an electron redistribution to form positive/negative charge domains within. Thus, pairs of pseudo‐Schottky junctions are created by the hybridization, which further enhances the bonding between the graphite onions and flakes. With these bonding mechanisms, and with voids between the graphite powders filled in by the volume expansion associated with the change of nanodiamonds to the graphite onions, the loose compaction of graphite powder becomes consolidated at 1700 °C. The proposed nanoburl mechanism shows its potential and bestows the nanoburl graphites with strength five times that of conventional graphites prepared from graphite powders. The concept of nanoburl strengthening can be important in the microstructural design and property enhancement of other layered materials.
2D MXenes: Tunable Mechanical and Tribological Properties
Authors: Wyatt Brian C. , Rosenkranz Andreas , Anasori Babak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, were discovered in 2011 and have grown to prominence in energy storage, catalysis, electromagnetic interference shielding, wireless communications, electronic, sensors, and environmental and biomedical applications. In addition to their high electrical conductivity and electrochemically active behavior, MXenes’ mechanical properties, flexibility, and strong adhesion properties play crucial roles in almost all of these growing applications. Although these properties prove to be critical in MXenes’ impressive performance, the mechanical and tribological understanding of MXenes, as well as their relation to the synthesis process, is yet to be fully explored. Here, a fundamental overview of MXenes’ mechanical and tribological properties is provided and the effects of MXenes’ compositions, synthesis, and processing steps on these properties are discussed. Additionally, a critical perspective of the compositional control of MXenes for innovative structural, low‐friction, and low‐wear performance in current and upcoming applications of MXenes is provided. It is established here that the fundamental understanding of MXenes’ mechanical and tribological behavior is essential for their quickly growing applications.
Identification microRNAs and target genes in Tibetan hulless barley to BLS infection
Authors: Yao Xiaohua , Wang Yue , Yao Youhua , Bai Yixiong , Wu Kunlun , Qiao Youming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTibetan hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. variety nudum Hook. f.) is widely grown on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, where it has served as a staple food for Tibetan people since the 5th century CE. Barley leaf stripe (BLS) is one of the most severe fungal diseases affecting the yield and quality of Tibetan hulless barley. Here, we compared the miRNA profiles before and after BLS in a BLS‐sensitive (‘Z1141’) and tolerant (‘Kunlun14’) Tibetan hulless barley for the first time. A total of 36 conserved and 56 novel miRNAs were identified, of which 24 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in Z1141 and Kunlun14, and an additional 546 putative target genes were predicted. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that among these genes, 131 were differentially expressed in normal and infected leaves of Kunlun14 and Z1141. Gene ontology (GO), pathway, and Blast analyses indicated 10 candidate target genes including seven functional genes and three transcription factors were involved in barley disease resistance. These functional genes were two members of the CYP450 genes, a RGA gene, a LIN gene, a SAM gene, a PSD gene, and a NDB gene; the three transcription factor genes were all from the WRKY family. These 10 candidate target genes were regulated by eight miRNAs (hvu‐miR168‐3p, hvu‐miR171‐5p, hvu‐miR159b, hvu‐miR156a, hvu‐novel‐91, hvu‐novel‐46, hvu‐novel‐52, and hvu‐novel‐11). According to quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, the 10 targets were negatively correlated with their corresponding miRNAs after infection with BLS. Thus, these miRNAs and their target genes can be used to improve BLS resistance in Tibetan hulless barley though breeding programs or genetic engineering.
Phylogeography of a gypsum endemic plant across its entire distribution range in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Blanco‐Sánchez Mario , Moore Michael J. , Ramos‐Muñoz Marina , Pías Beatriz , García‐Fernández Alfredo , Prieto María , Plaza Lidia , Isabel Ignacio , Escudero Adrián , Matesanz Silvia 
Published: March 2021

PREMISEGypsum soils in the Mediterranean Basin house large numbers of edaphic specialists that are adapted to stressful environments. The evolutionary history and standing genetic variation of these taxa have been influenced by the geological and paleoclimatic complexity of this area and the long‐standing effect of human activities. However, little is known about the origin of Mediterranean gypsophiles and the factors affecting their genetic diversity and population structure.METHODSUsing phylogenetic and phylogeographic approaches based on microsatellites and sequence data from nuclear and chloroplast regions, we evaluated the divergence time, genetic diversity, and population structure of 27 different populations of the widespread Iberian gypsophile Lepidium subulatum throughout its entire geographic range.RESULTSLepidium subulatum diverged from its nearest relatives ~3 million years ago, and ITS and psbA/matK trees supported the monophyly of the species. These results suggest that both geological and climatic changes in the region around the Plio‐Pleistocene promoted its origin, compared to other evolutionary processes. We found high genetic diversity in both nuclear and chloroplast markers, but a greater population structure in the chloroplast data. These results suggest that while seed dispersal is limited, pollen flow may be favored by the presence of numerous habitat patches that enhance the movement of pollinators.CONCLUSIONSDespite being an edaphic endemic, L. subulatum possesses high genetic diversity probably related to its relatively old age and high population sizes across its range. Our study highlights the value of using different markers to fully understand the phylogeographic history of plant species.
A case of Ververi‐Brady syndrome due to QRICH1 loss of function and the literature review
Authors: Baruch Yoav , Horn‐Saban Shirley , Plotsky Yoram , Bercovich Dani , Gershoni‐Baruch Ruth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVerveri‐Brady syndrome (VBS), first reported in 2018, is characterized by intellectual disability, speech delay, and mild dysmorphic facial features. VBS has been linked to de novo loss‐of‐function variants in the glutamine‐rich protein 1 (QRICH1) on chromosome 3p21 and was reported until lately in only five individuals. Four additional cases have just been described substantiating the notion that children with VBS are mildly dysmorphic, mildly to moderately intellectually disabled, have linear growth shortage, are picky eaters, and have notable attention and social behavioral deficits. We describe a new patient and review the clinical and genetic information, on all previously reported VBS cases. The child here reported is noted for maladaptive behavior, sensory hypersensitivity, and slow linear growth. He is mainly hyperactive, distractible, impulsive, and inattentive. His speech, initially delayed, is fair and his verbal comprehension age adequate.