bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAFLD (Non‐Alcoholic‐Fatty‐Liver‐‐Disease) reversal by a comprehensive nutritional‐physical exercise intervention.
Authors: Trovato Guglielmo M , Catalano D , Pennisi A , Trovato FM , Pace P , Martines GF , Pirri C 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionNAFLD is a condition detrimental for the liver, subsequent to unhealthy lifestyle. We aimed to study relationship of nutritional and exercise intervention with improvement or recovery of UltraSound (US) fatty liver patternMethodsFatty liver was assessed by a US validated procedures,Bright Liver Score (BLS), in 169 (F 197,M 62) patients,aged 48.51 ± 16.17 years, BMI 27.45±5.23. A counseling intervention (6 months) aimed at increasing adherence to Mediterranean Diet profile (AMDS; range 0–55), assumed as a qualitative proxy for current dietary guidelines, and at reducing sedentary habits assessed by detailed physical activity(Baecke)was provided.ResultsPost‐intervention changes were: BLS (from 1.07±1.08 to 0.80±0.89; p< 0.0001)and insulin resistance (HOMA from 2.47±1.42 to 1.95 ±1.14;p< 0.0001) decrease; increase of AMDS (from 29.48±4.61 to 31.95±3.51; p<0.0001) and Baecke‐Physical activity score(from 41.50±4.97 to 43.97±4.95; p<0.0001). AMDS change has a significant correlation with weight loss (r= 0.406; p<0.0001),BLS decrease( r=0.420; p<0.0001), and Baecke increase ( r=0.252; p:0.015); not with HOMA changes (r= 0.099; p: 0.346). This outcome was maintained after 24 months in 92 re‐assessed patients.ConclusionIncreased adherence to Mediterranean Diet profile and to a greater physical exercise activity concurs and improves liver in NAFLD patients.
The diagnostic efficacy of anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values in assessing risk factors for cardiovascular disease among university students
Authors: Nichols Selby , Edwards Ann-Marie 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the ability of various anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values in predicting fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure (BP) and HDL cholesteroal levels in a group of healthy volunteers.MethodsParticipants had fasting finger‐stick blood sugar and HDL cholesterol measured with hand‐held automated monitors(One Touch Ultra and Cardio Chek PA respectively). Blood pressures was measures on both arms after ten minutes of rest in the sitting position using an automated blood pressure monitor(Omron HEM 712C). the average of four readings was used as the indexed blood pressure. In addition, antropometry was measured using standard procedure. Percentage body fat (%BF), visceral fat, skeletal muscle mass was measured with the OMRON Full Body Sensor (HBF‐510W). Participation in the study was voluntary.ResultsNinety‐eight persons (58 females and 43 males) participated in the investigation. Anthropometric and body composition cut‐off values had low sensitivities (3%–50%) and high specificities (70%–100%) in detecting elevated FBS,BP and HDL cholesterol levels.ConclusionOur findings suggest similar predictive ability among the various anthropometric and body composition cut–offs in detecting elevated blood sugar, blood pressure and HDL among participants.
Effects of Brown Seaweed and Licorice on Blood Glucose and Weight Loss in Moderately Overweight Subjects
Authors: Talbott Shawn , Talbott Tracy , Dingler Elaine , Talbott Julie 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONPrevious work in animals and humans has suggested that dietary supplementation with fucoxanthin, a carotenoid in brown seaweed, and glabridin, a flavonoid in licorice root, may have beneficial effects on fat/weight loss through an enhancement of overall metabolic rate and improved blood glucose control.METHODSUsing a double‐blind, randomized, placebocontrolled design, we supplemented moderately overweight subjects (N=20 per group) for 6 weeks with a proprietary blend (550mg/day) of brown seaweed extract (Undaria pinnatifida, standardized for fucoxanthin) and licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra, standardized for glabridin) or a look‐alike Placebo. Measurements (pre/post) included body weight, body fat percentage, resting metabolic rate, waist circumference, blood glucose and cholesterol.RESULTSNo significant differences were found for resting metabolic rate or cholesterol measures. Significant differences were found between the Supplement (S) and Placebo (P) groups for measures of body weight (−5lbs in S v. +3lbs in P), body fat (−4.2lbs. in S v. n/c in P), waist circumference (−1.2in in S v. n/c in P), and blood glucose (−9% in S v. n/c in P).CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the supplement blend is effective in improving blood glucose control, which improves appetite regulation, and reduces body weight and body fat levels in moderately overweight subjects.
Is a low serum adiponectin or high serum leptin associated with a low resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or obese children and adolescents?
Authors: Kim Myung-Hee , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: June 2021

REE accounts for 60 to 70% of total daily energy expenditure and is the basis for estimating energy needs. And, it is demonstrated that energy expenditure is regulated by adipocyte‐derived hormone.. Fifty‐two overweight or obese student(¡Ã85th percentile of BMI) and 76 normal weight students(5 to 85th percentile of BMI) aged 7–18y were participated in this study. To investigate the relationship between energy expenditure and adipocytokines, REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (TrueOne 2400), and body weight and fat mass were measured by using a Inbody 720. REE/weight and the level of serum adiponectin were significantly lower in obese group (25.0 kcal/kg weight; 8.0 ug/L) than in nonobese group (28.6 kcal/kg weight; 11.8 ug/L). However, serum leptin level (13.5 ng/L) of obese group was significantrly higher than that of nonobese group (5.1 ng/L). And, the concentration of serum adiponectin was positively associated with REE/weight (r=0.433, p<0.001), but the concentration of serum leptin was inversely correlated with REE/weight (r=−0.704, p<0.001). These data explain that a low adiponectin and high leptin are important factors which decrease the REE/weight in overweight or obese subjects.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(2010‐ 0004472).
Is there a difference on appetite and thermic effects of food depending on the quality of the protein in healthy Korean women?
Authors: Kim Jae-Hee , Tsani A. Fahmy Arif , Yeon Seo-Eun , Ko Su-Young , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the thermic effects of food (TEF) and appetite of formulas that were made of different protein sources in healthy Korean women.MethodsNine female college students aged 20.6 years, participated in this double blind study. The two protein test formulas (soy protein and casein) that provided 30% of subjectˈs resting metabolic rate (RMR). Fasting and postprandial thermogenesis were measured before and after meals every 30 minutes for 6 hours by indirect calorimetry. And visual analogue scales were used to measure appetite sensations. Fasting appetite, 60 min and 120 min‐postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of hunger and the satiety quotient (SQ) were used.ResultsThere were no significant differences in postprandial energy expenditure (PEE) between soy protein and casein formulas. But PEE of soy protein increased more slowly (peak on 90 min) than that of casein (peak on 30 min) and decreased relatively faster after peak time. And total thermogenesis (27.0 kcal/6hrs) of casein diet was higher than soy protein (21.8 kcal/6hrs), but not significantly different. However, in the case of caseinˈs fasting appetite, 120 min‐postprandial AUC of hunger (3800 mm¡¿min) was significantly higher than that of soy protein (3133.3 mm¡¿min).ConclusionsFurther studies using higher protein content should be continued to find the adequate protein source for increasing TEF.Grant Funding Source: Nutrition(ASN)
Effects of an energy‐restricted, moderate‐protein diet plan with non‐fat dairy on weight changes: 12 weeks of weight loss (WL) followed by 12 weeks of WL maintenance
Authors: Shlisky Julie Danielle , Durward Carrie M , Zack Melissa K , Campbell Jessica K , Jonnalagadda Satya S , Gugger Carolyn , Nickols-Richardson Sharon M 
Published: June 2021

Two diet plans were evaluated for effects on selected anthropometric and body composition measurements. Overweight/obese premenopausal women (n=76; age: 34.7±7.3 y) were randomly assigned to a Yogurt (YL, n=41) or Exchange (EXG, n=35) group. Diet plans included an energy‐restricted (ER; 1500 or 1700 kcal/d), moderate‐protein pattern including Yoplait® Light twice/d plus 2–3 additional servings of non‐fat dairy/d (YL) or an ER, standard‐protein pattern including 3 servings of non‐fat dairy/d (EXG). Women walked 30–40 min/d. Changes were measured from baseline to 12 wks of WL followed by 12 wks of WL maintenance and analyzed using 2×3 MANCOVA with repeated measures. From baseline to wk 24, women in YL and EXG groups, respectively, had decreases in body weight (−5.5±4.5 vs −5.8±4.5 kg, p<0.05), body mass index (−2.1±1.6 vs −2.1±1.6 kg/m2, p<0.05), waist (−4.9±3.6 vs −5.2±3.7 cm, p<0.001) and hip circumferences (−5.4±4.4 vs −5.2±4.1 cm, p<0.01), and fat mass (−4.6±3.8 vs −4.7±3.9 kg, p<0.05), with no significant differences in variables between groups during the 24 wks. These significant changes from baseline largely occurred during the 12 wks of WL. Beneficial changes in anthropometric and body composition measurements can be attained and maintained with a structured, ER, moderate‐protein diet plan including non‐fat dairy.Funded by The Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Effects of a Novel Dietary Portion Control Program on Energy Intake, Energy Density, and Weight Loss
Authors: Freed Cassi , Fawcett Sarah , Weber-Dewitt Darlene , Melby Chris 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFood portion sizes have increased in the U.S. which contributes to excess energy intake.ObjectiveWe determined the effect on body weight, energy intake, and dietary energy density of a portion control program (Lifesize®) that encourages free choice of foods, but limits portion sizes while allowing unlimited consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low‐ fat dairy.Methods22 overweight and obese subjects (n= 19 females, n=3 males; X (SD) age= 40(12); X BMI= 30.0(2.4) kg/m2) completed a 12‐week portion‐control program. Participants used measuring devices to limit quantities of energy‐dense foods. Body weights were recorded bi‐ weekly and 3‐day dietary records were collected at baseline, and weeks 1,6, and 12.ResultsReported energy intake during the 12 weeks decreased by ~500 kcal/d compared to baseline, and mean weight loss was 2.4 kg. Relative intake of fruits and vegetables significantly increased from baseline at week 1 (X=+125.9 g/1000Kcal), week 6 (X= +80.7 g/1000Kcal), and week 12 (X= +192.6 g/1000Kcal). Despite free access to ‘favorite foods’, participants’ energy density (kcal/g food) was significantly decreased.ConclusionIncluding favorite foods while limiting portion sizes and allowing unlimited intake of fruit, vegetables and low‐fat dairy may be an effective approach to lowering dietary energy density to elicit weight loss. Funded by Lifesize®
Influence of Dietary Red Palm Oil on Antioxidant Status in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ayeleso Ademola , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi , Brooks Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Antioxidant status in male rats following the dietary consumption of red palm oil (RPO) was investigated. Male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=5) received no RPO supplementation and served as the control while group 2 (n=6) and 3 (n=6) received 2ml and 4ml RPO respectively. Plasma total polyphenols, plasma antioxidant capacity i.e. oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) as well as liver and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] levels were determined using established techniques. Our results showed no significant differences (p<0.05) in total polyphenols, ORAC and FRAP in palm oil fed groups when compared with the control group. Catalase levels significantly increased (p<0.05) at both 2ml and 4ml RPO in the liver and erythrocyte. There was no significant difference in the liver GPx levels in palm oil fed groups while erythrocyte GPx level significantly increased at 4ml RPO when compared with the control group. Red palm oil did not significantly increase (p<0.05) liver and erythrocyte SOD levels in all the groups when compared with the control group. In conclusion, red palm oil increased the levels of liver and erythrocyte catalase as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase level and hence, its dietary consumption could help to boost antioxidant status in the body and thus promote good health.Source of Research Support‐ University Research Funding provided by Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
Turmeric and Black Pepper Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Cooked Burger
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Li Zhaoping , Lee Ru-Po , Huang Jianjun , Henning Susanne , Heber David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTurmeric has been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation on an equal weight basis by comparison to other herbs. Black pepper has been reported to have synergetic effects with turmeric on inhibition of lipid oxidation. This study was designed to investigate effects of different combinations of turmeric and black pepper powders on lipid peroxidation during cooking of burgers.MethodsHamburger patties were prepared in the kitchen of the UCLA General Clinical Research Center. The contents of curcuminoids in turmeric powder, piperine in black pepper powder and in cooked burgers were quantified by HPLC‐UV. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances were reported as the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation in hamburger meat after during cooking.Results
Concentration of curcuminoids in turmeric powder is 42.1 mg/g; 40.1 mg/g of piperine is in black pepper powder.
The MDA level reduced 45% and 46% when burger cooked with a combination of turmeric root powder (3.0 g per burger) with two levels of black pepper (0.36 and 1.08 grams per burger) comparing with salt and any of those using alone. (25% for turmeric powder along and 0% for black pepper powder alone)
A proper ratio of turmeric and black pepper to optimally reduce the MDA production in hamburgers while retaining palatability for a human study is (0.36 grams of black pepper and 3 grams of turmeric powder for one burger).
ConclusionProper combination of turmeric and black pepper inhibit lipid peroxidation during cooking burgers.
Angiotensinogen gene silencing in adipocytes reduces markers of inflammation and lipid accumulation
Authors: Xin Wenting , Kalupahana Nishan S , Booker Suzanne L , Siriwardhana Nalin , Saxton Arnold M , Moustaid-Moussa Naima 
Published: June 2021

Angiotensinogen (Agt), the only known precursor for the hypertensive hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II), is expressed in adipose tissue. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided evidence linking adipocyte‐derived Agt to obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. To further determine the direct contribution of adipose Agt to these disorders, we generated 3T3‐L1 cells stably transfected with Agt‐shRNA or scrambled‐shRNA sequences, to determine changes in metabolic and inflammatory markers as well as global transcriptional alterations caused by Agt silencing. Adipocytes lacking Agt exhibited significantly reduced levels of Ang II, triglycerides and lipogenic gene expression, consistent with decreased PPAR‐γ activity. Knockdown of the Agt gene also downregulated several adipose tissue inflammatory markers including IL6, TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Furthermore, microarray and qRT‐PCR analyses revealed several candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways, which were differentially regulated by Agt; these included NOD1, a novel Pattern Recognition Receptor, the acute phase protein SAA3, the transcription factor STAT1 and the chemokine CXCL12, all of which were down regulated by Agt silencing. In conclusion, our findings suggest that adipose Agt plays a critical role in adipose tissue expansion and the associated inflammation and metabolic complications.Grant Funding Source: UT Obesity Research Center and TN AgResearch
Development and application of a diet quality indicator for vulnerable households in El Salvador
Authors: Fuster Melissa , Houser Robert , Messer Ellen , de Fulladolsa Patricia Palma , Deman Hedi , Bemudez Odilia 
Published: June 2021

Individual‐level dietary quality (DQ) indicators developed in affluent settings have been applied in resource‐poor populations undergoing nutritional transitions. However, those DQ indicators usually fail to reflect local food patterns and nutritional issues in these countries, where, in addition, dietary intake information is often collected at the household level. This study addressed these issues by developing a household‐level DQ indicator applied to a sample of 140 households from poor, vulnerable communities in El Salvador, from which we obtained food consumption and socio‐demographic data. Using the Salvadorian Dietary Guidelines, 18 components were identified (9 foods and 9 nutrients). We applied a prorated scoring system from 0–1 for each component, penalizing over‐and under‐consumption. The indicator was validated in consultations with experts in El Salvador and statistical analyses with our study sample. The resulting index had a mean score of 11.4 (7.6–16.2). The indicator showed a positive, significant association with dietary variety indicators. Other statistical associations were as predicted for observed nutrient and food intakes. Based on the indicator demonstrated face validity and expert consultations, the indicator is a good measure of diet quality for households in El Salvador.The research was supported by the Regional Program of Food Security in Central America.Grant Funding Source: PRESANCA
A novel food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess usual seasonal intakes in rural Nepalese women
Authors: Kramer Rebecca , West Keith P. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Christian Parul 
Published: June 2021

Few tools exist to assess usual dietary intake of seasonally available foods, despite those foods’ contribution to micronutrient status in a rural South Asian context. This analysis aimed to assess the accuracy with which a novel FFQ captured women's consumption of seasonal foods. In a population study of 15,899 women in 2006–8 in southern Nepal, we administered a two‐part FFQ designed to assess (1) usual intake of foods available seasonally and year round and (2) intake of FFQ foods during the past 7 days. Agreement between 7 day and usual FFQ responses was assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Rice (median: 13, IQR: 7–13), vegetable oil (13, 13–13), and potatoes (10, 5–13) were the most frequently consumed foods based on past 7 day intake. In season past 7 day intake of seasonal foods was low (median intake 0 for 16 of 18 foods). Correlations between usual intake and past 7 day intake for seasonal fruits and vegetables during their in season periods were moderate (mean: 0.34, range: 0.12 – 0.58). Correlations for usual and past 7 day intakes of year round foods were good (mean: 0.61, range: 0.26 – 0.85). Correlations were greater than 0.50 for 17 of 18 year round foods with IQR> 0 for past 7 day intake. The seasonal FFQ is a promising instrument for assessing usual diet in a rural South Asian setting and may be improved by including foods consumed with sufficient variation in intake in this population.Grant Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant #614)
Impaired physical function as barrier to glycemic control in older Panamanians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bermudez Odilia , Dmytrasz Karen E. , Cornejo Luis Manuel 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess associations between poor glycemic control (GC) and physical function in older adults with type 2 diabetes (dib2) from Panama.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 92 subjects, 60+y, with diab2. GC was estimated with Hemoglobin A1C. Handgrip (HG) strength was used to assess physical function. Obesity was estimated with BMI. Validated questionnaires were used to collect data on health behaviors, diab2 self‐management, use of medications, and physical activity. Linear and logistic regression models we used to test associations between handgrip strength and GC.ResultsWeaker HG strength was associated with older age. Participants with an average lower weight and BMI, those who were not obese, and those who used insulin, were associated with having poor GC. Men who did physical activity frequently had increased HG strength. There was no significant independent association between HG strength and GC.ConclusionsThe results support the need for further investigation of the causative relationship between physical function, diab2 self‐management and GC. There is also need to investigate other factors affecting diabetes management and GC including social and cultural approaches to maximizing patient management behaviors in order to promote GC and prevention of disease complications in the elderly with diab2.Funding: Ross Aging Initiative at Tufts University
Maternal western style diet programs the development of fatty liver in mice
Authors: Plösch Torsten , Pruis Maurien , Lendvai Agnes , Zwier Mathijs , Groen Bert 
Published: June 2021

Obesity in the mother is known to play a role in transmission of an obesogenic trait to the offspring. We here aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of metabolic programming by maternal nutrition.Female C57BL/6 mice were fed a semi‐synthetic diet (LF, 10 kcal% fat and 18 mg/kg cholesterol) or a semi‐synthetic western style diet (WS, 45 kcal% fat and 196,5 mg/kg cholesterol) before and during gestation and lactation. From weaning on offspring received the LF diet or WS diet, resulting in four groups: LF/LF, LF/WS, WS/WS and WS/LF.In male offspring prenatal exposure to WS diet led to a higher body weight in both postnatal diet groups. Liver size increased by 1.9 fold in WS/WS compared to LF/WS offspring (p<0.001), also associated with a rise in liver lipid concentrations. This increase in liver size was not seen in the WS/LF or LF/WS diet offspring. Histological markers were markedly exaggerated when offspring had been exposed to a WS diet during early developmental stages. Our data provide evidence that exposure to a WS diet in early developmental stages predisposes offspring to obesity and primes susceptibility to develop hepatic steatosis.