bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activities for CH3OH‐to‐HCHO Conversion on Fe2O3/MoO3: Fe‐O‐Mo Covalency Dominates the Intrinsic Activity
Authors: Huang Sheng , Ouyang Ting , Zheng Bang‐Feng , Dan Meng , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of alcohols under mild conditions is a great challenge because it is constrained by low selectivity and low activity. Herein, we demonstrate a hollow nanotube Fe2O3/MoO3heterojunction (FeMo‐2) for the photoelectrocatalytic conversion of small‐molecule alcohols. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the optical carrier transfer rate is enhanced by constructing interfacial internal electric fields and Fe‐O‐Mo charge transfer channels. For the formox process, heterojunctions possess superior HCHO‐selective reaction paths and free energy transitions, optimizing the selectivity of HCHO and enhancing the reactivity. FeMo‐2 shows a greatly improved performance compared to single Fe2O3; the photocurrent density of FeMo‐2 reaches 0.66 mA cm−2, which is 3.88 times that of Fe2O3(0.17 mA cm−2), and the Faraday efficiency of the CH3OH‐to‐HCHO conversion is 95.7 %. This work may deepen our understanding of interfacial charge separation and has potential for the production of HCHO and for conversion reactions of other small‐molecule alcohols at cryogenic temperatures.
Reactive organophosphorus flame retardant for transparency, low‐flammability, and mechanical reinforcement epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Junjie , Tang Hao , Yu Xuejun , Xu Jin , Pan Zhiquan , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo maintain transparency and improve flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin, a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant (DPDDM) was designed and synthesized, which was derived from 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4, 4′‐ diamino diphenylmethane and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa –10‐ phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxidein two steps. Compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), the tensile strength and flexural strength of the EP with 5% DPDDM increased by 28.6% and 42.8%, respectively, indicating that DPDDM can significantly improve the mechanical properties of EP materials. Meanwhile, the DPDDM modified EP materials have good transparency and the EP with 5% DPDDM passed the V‐0 rating and had the limiting oxygen index as high as 34%. Cone calorimeter test results showed that the heat release and smoke generation of the modified materials were significantly lower than the unmodified materials, which were reduced by 32.6% and 64.6%, respectively, indicating that the modified materials can greatly improve the safety of fire prevention. This work provides a new approach to prepare transparent epoxy resin with good mechanical properties and excellent flame retardancy.
Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of chitosan/silicone rubber filled zeolite, silver, and copper nanocomposites againstPseudomonas aeruginosaand methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rezazadeh Nader , Kianvash Abbas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ongoing emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has become one of the biggest threats to global health and development today.Pseudomonas aeruginosaand methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) are important antibiotic‐resistant bacteria due to their increasing resistance to a broad array of antimicrobial agents. Herein, we developed a novel antibacterial nanocomposite based on chitosan and liquid silicone rubber filled zeolite‐A, Ag, and Cu nanoparticles with remarkable antibacterial activity againstP. aeruginosaand MRSA. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was studied by disc diffusion and broth culture methods. Besides, the mechanical properties, wetting behavior, and chemical structure of the present nanocomposite were also investigated. The results exhibited that the inhibition zone diameter of the nanocomposite forP. aeruginosaand MRSA were 40 and 27 mm, respectively. It also took approximately 1 h to inhibit the growth of the tested bacteria. The nanocomposite sample with a thickness of around 1 mm showed an elastic elongation of nearly 49% and a contact angle of roughly 120°. Thus, the present nanocomposite was found to be useful in killing and inhibiting the growth ofP. aeruginosaand MRSA, and it could also be qualified as a superior elastic and hydrophobic material.
Nonstationarity of the link between the Tropics and the summer East Atlantic pattern
Authors: Rieke Ole , Greatbatch Richard J. , Gollan Gereon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 700‐year pre‐industrial control run with the MPI‐ESM‐LR model is used to investigate the link between the summer East Atlantic (SEA) pattern and the Pacific‐Caribbean rainfall dipole (PCD), a link that has previously been shown using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. In the model, it is found that the link between the SEA and PCD is present in some multidecadal epochs but not in others. A simple statistical model reproduces this behaviour. In the statistical model, the SEA is represented by a white noise process plus a weak influence from the PCD based on the full 700 years of the model run. The statistical model is relevant to other extratropical modes of variability, for example, the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), that are weakly influenced by the Tropics. It follows that the link between the Tropics and the winter NAO is likely to undergo modulation on multidecadal time scales, as found in some previous studies. The results suggest that any predictability of the SEA, and by implication the NAO, based on tropical rainfall may not be robust and may, in fact, be modulated on multidecadal time scales, with implications for seasonal and decadal prediction systems.
Real‐world data of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A chinese single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Ma Liya , Jiang Lingxu , Yang Wenli , Luo Yingwan , Mei Chen , Zhou Xinping , Xu Gaixiang , Xu Weilai , Ye Li , Ren Yanlin , Lu Chenxi , Lin Peipei , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare disease of elderly people characterized by the presence of sustained peripheral blood monocytosis, overlapping features of myeloproliferation, and myelodysplasia. We present a large retrospective study of 156 CMML patients in China. Mean age at diagnosis was 68 years old (range 23‐91). According to the CMML‐specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS), 10 patients (8.3%) were low risk, 27 patients (22.5%) were intermediate‐1 risk, 72 patients (60%) were intermediate‐2 risk, and 11 patients (9.2%) were high risk. A total of 90 patients (57.7%) received hypomethylating agents (HMAs) treatment, 19 patients (12.2%) received chemotherapy and 47 patients (30.1%) received the best supportive care. Seventeen patients (10.9%) underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) after HMAs treatment or chemotherapy. With a median follow‐up of 35.3 months, overall response rate (ORR) was 69.5% in the HMAs ± chemotherapy group, 79.5% in the HMAs monotherapy group, 60.0% in the HMAs + chemotherapy group, and 37.5% in the chemotherapy group. HMAs monotherapy group had prolonged OS compared with the chemotherapy group (23.57 months vs. 11.73 months; p = 0.035). Patients who achieved ORR had prolonged OS (25.83 months vs. 8.00 months; p < 0.001) and LFS (20.53 months vs. 6.80 months; p < 0.001) compared with those not achieved ORR in the HMA ± chemotherapy group. By univariate analysis, only higher hemoglobulin (≥80 g/L) and lower serum LDH levels (<300 U/L) predicted for better OS and LFS. By multivariate analysis, only Hb ≥ 80 g/L predicted for prolonged OS, Hb ≥ 80 g/L, and monocytes < 3 × 109/L predicted for prolonged LFS. In summary, our study highlights the benefit of HMAs therapy in CMML, but we still need to develop novel therapeutics to achieve better outcomes.
β‐Resorcylic Acid Derivatives, with Their Phytotoxic Activities, from the Endophytic Fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae in the Mangrove Plant Xylocarpus granatum
Authors: Sato Shiho , Sofian Ferry Ferdiansyah , Suehiro Wataru , Harneti Desi , Maharani Rani , Supratman Unang , Abdullah Fajar Fauzi , Salam Supriatno , Koseki Takuya , Shiono Yoshihito 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNine new β‐resorcylic acid derivatives, (15S)‐de‐O‐methyllasiodiplodin (1), (13S,15S)‐13‐hydroxy‐de‐O‐methyllasiodiplodin (2), (14S,15S)‐14‐hydroxy‐de‐O‐methyllasiodiplodin (3), (13R,14S,15S)‐13,14‐dihydroxy‐de‐O‐methyllasiodiplodin (4), ethyl (S)‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(8‐hydroxynonyl)benzoate (5), ethyl 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(8‐hydroxyheptyl)benzoate (6), ethyl 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(4‐methoxycarbonylbutyl)benzoate (7), 3‐(2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (8), and isobutyl (S)‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(8‐hydroxynonyl)benzoate (9), together with a known ethyl 2,4‐dihydroxy‐6‐(8‐oxononyl)benzoate (10) were obtained from Lasiodiplodia theobromae GC‐22. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 showed growth inhibitory effects against Digitaria ciliaris. Conversely, treatment with compounds 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 stimulated elongation activity toward the root of Lactuca sativa. These data expand the repertoire of new β‐resorcylic acid derivatives that may function as lead compounds in the synthesis of new agrochemical agents.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the LANDMARC trial: A 3‐year, pan‐india, prospective, longitudinal study to assess management and real‐world outcomes of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Das Ashok K. , Mithal Ambrish , Joshi Shashank , Kumar K. M. Prasanna , Kalra Sanjay , Unnikrishnan A. G. , Thacker Hemant , Sethi Bipin , Ghosh Romik , Kanade Vaishali , Nair Arjun , Mohanasundaram Senthilnathan , Menon Shalini K. , Chodankar Deepa , Salvi Vaibhav , Trivedi Chirag , Chatterjee Godhuli , Chowdhury Subhankar , Rais Nadeem , Wangnoo Subhash K. , Zargar Abdul H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLongitudinal data on progression, complications, and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) across India are scarce. LANDMARC (CTRI/2017/05/008452), the first pan‐India, longitudinal, prospective, observational study, aims to understand the management and real‐world outcomes of T2DM over 3 years.MethodsAdults (≥25 to ≤60 years old at T2DM diagnosis; diabetes duration ≥2 years at enrollment; controlled/uncontrolled on ≥2 anti‐diabetic agents) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf the 6279 recruited participants, 6236 were eligible for baseline assessment (56.6% [n/N = 3528/6236] men; mean ± SD age: 52.1 ± 9.2 years, diabetes duration: 8.6 ± 5.6 years). mean ± SD HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose values were 64 ± 17 mmol/mol (8.1 ± 1.6%), 142.8 ± 50.4 mg/dl, and 205.7 ± 72.3 mg/dl, respectively. Only 25.1% (n/N = 1122/6236) participants had controlled glycemia (HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol, <7%). Macrovascular and microvascular complications were prevalent in 2.3% (n/N = 145/6236) and 14.5% (n/N = 902/6236) participants, respectively. Among those with complications, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (n/N = 74/145, 51.0%) and neuropathy (n/N = 737/902, 81.7%) were the most reported macrovascular and microvascular complication, respectively. Hypertension (n/N = 2566/3281, 78.2%) and dyslipidemia (n/N = 1635/3281, 49.8%) were the most reported cardiovascular risks. Majority (74.5%; n/N = 4643/6236) were taking oral anti‐diabetic drugs (OADs) only, while 24.4% (n/N = 1522/6236) participants were taking OADs+insulin. Biguanides (n/N = 5796/6236, 92.9%) and sulfonylureas (n/N = 4757/6236, 76.3%) were the most reported OADs. Basal (n/N = 837/6236, 13.4%) and premix (n/N = 684/6236, 11.0%) insulins were the most reported insulins.ConclusionsBaseline data from LANDMARC help understand the clinical/medical profile of study participants and underscore the extent of suboptimal glycemic control and prevalence of associated complications in a vast majority of Indians with T2DM.
The effects of key rock layer fracturing on gas extraction during coal mining over a large height
Authors: Xiao Peng , Han Kai , Shuang Haiqing , Ding Yang , Kong Xiangguo , Lin Haifei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo prevent outbursts and extract the gas, it is necessary to investigate the structure of the key layer and the evolution of cracks during coal mining over a large height. A physical similarity model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:100 and a strike length of 2 m was established on the basis of prevailing geological and mining conditions. Stress sensors and microseismic equipment were adopted to monitor the collapse characteristics of different key layers through variations in stress and energy. The research results showed that: The displacement of the overlying strata exhibited group motion characteristics marked by the key layer and there was zone of rapidly increasing stress in the goaf behind the working face before and after the fracture of the key layer. Through the analysis of microseismic events, fissure density, and fractal dimension, we found that: before and after the primary key layer fractured, the energy loss in the microseismic event accounted for 27% of the total, the fissure density also changed abruptly from 8 cracks/m to 10 cracks/m and the slope of the fractal dimension curves changed from 0.00243 to 9.94801 × 10−4. Then a gas drainage model suitable for this condition was constructed. When the primary key layer had not fractured, the cracks below fully developed to form a gas migration channel and a gas enrichment area, and gas boreholes could be arranged therein. After the primary key layer had been fractured, the rate of crack development decreased, the permeability would increase, and the gas concentration would increase. The boreholes could still be arranged in the gas migration channel. This study elucidated the control role of the primary key layer from multiple angles and provided experimental guidance for gas drainage over large‐mining heights and during complex key layer mining.
Impact of textural patterns on modeled rock weathering rates and size distribution of weathered grains
Authors: Israeli Yoni , Salhov Eyal , Emmanuel Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRock texture has a critical influence on the way rocks weather. The most important textural factors affecting weathering are grain size and the presence of cracks and stylolites. These discontinuities operate as planes of mechanical weakness at which chemical weathering is enhanced. However, it is unclear how different rock textures impact weathering rates and the size of weathered grains. Here, we use a numerical model to simulate weathering of rocks possessing grain boundaries, cracks, and stylolites. We ran simulations with either synthetic or natural patterns of discontinuities. We found that for all patterns, weathering rates increase with discontinuity density. When the density was <~25%, the weathering rate of synthetic patterns followed the order: grid > honeycomb > Voronoi > brick wall. For higher values, all weathering rates were similar. We also found that weathering rates decreased as the tortuosity of the pattern increased. Moreover, we show that textural patterns strongly impact the size distributions of detached grains. Rocks with an initial monomodal grain size distribution produce weathered fragments that are normally distributed. In contrast, rocks with an initial log‐normal size distribution produce weathered grains that are log‐normally distributed. For the natural patterns, weathering produced lower modality distributions.
Human behavioral ecology and niche construction
Authors: Ready Elspeth , Price Michael Holton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between niche construction theory (NCT) and human behavioral ecology (HBE), two branches of evolutionary science that are important sources of theory in archeology. We distinguish between formal models of niche construction as an evolutionary process, and uses of niche construction to refer to a kind of human behavior. Formal models from NCT examine how environmental modification can change the selection pressures that organisms face. In contrast, formal models from HBE predict behavior assuming people behave adaptively in their local setting, and can be used to predict when and why people engage in niche construction. We emphasize that HBE as a field is much broader than foraging theory and can incorporate social and cultural influences on decision‐making. We demonstrate how these approaches can be formally incorporated in a multi‐inheritance framework for evolutionary research, and argue that archeologists can best contribute to evolutionary theory by building and testing models that flexibly incorporate HBE and NCT elements.
A ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for ochratoxin A detection
Authors: Liang Xiujun , Zhao Fengjuan , Xiao Chengui , Yue Shuang , Huang Yawei , Wei Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the superiority of providing a more accurate signal through their self‐referencing capability and reducing the environmental influence, a ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor was proposed for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection using methylene blue (MB) and ferrocene (Fc) as signal probes. The magnetic beads were used for the immobilization of OTA aptamer (Apt). When OTA and MB‐labeled complementary DNA (cDNA‐MB) were added, OTA combined with Apt, whereas cDNA‐MB released and existed in the supernatant after magnetic separation. By dropping the supernatant onto the electrode modified with HP‐Fc, the hairpin structure of HP‐Fc was opened by the hybridization between cDNA‐MB and HP‐Fc. As a result, MB was close to the electrode surface, whereas Fc was away from the electrode surface. Based on the value of IMB/IFc, OTA was detected sensitively and specifically. Under the optimal conditions, a linear relationship in the range of 0.005–50 ng/ml was obtained with the detection limit of 2.35 pg/ml. The aptasensor showed high anti‐interference toward AFB1, FB1, ZEN, and OTB. The aptasensor was applied to detect OTA in spiked corn samples, and the recoveries were 93–102%. This method provides a great potential for the development of sensitive biosensing platform for food safety.
Ischemic Stroke Increased Gadolinium Deposition in the Brain and Aggravated Astrocyte Injury After Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Agent Administration: Linear Versus Macrocyclic Agents
Authors: Huang Xin‐Xin , Jiang Run‐Hao , Xu Xiao‐Quan , Zu Qing‐Quan , Wu Fei‐Yun , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai‐Bin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundGadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been widely used in MRI. However, several studies have reported Gd deposition in the brain, which has raised concerns about safety.PurposeTo investigate the effects of ischemic stroke on Gd deposition in the brain after repeated administration of linear or macrocyclic GBCAs and to determine whether GBCAs aggravate astrocyte injury after stroke.Study TypeAnimal study.Animal ModelTwenty‐seven male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to an exposure group (n = 24) and a healthy control group (n = 3). Half of the exposure group (n = 12) underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and half (n = 12) had a sham procedure. In each subgroup (tMCAO or sham), the rats had repeated gadopentetate (n = 6) or gadobutrol (n = 6) injections. Oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used as an in vitro model of stroke.AssessmentOn day 3 and day 28 after the last injection (p.i.), the Gd concentration in the cerebrum was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed in vitro.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance and two‐sample t‐tests were performed.ResultsThe Gd concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere homogenates of tMCAO group was significantly higher than that in the brain homogenates of the sham group on day 3 p.i. of either gadobutrol (0.065 ± 0.006 vs. 0.042 ± 0.007 μg/g, P < 0.05) or gadopentetate (0.093 ± 0.010 vs. 0.069 ± 0.008 μg/g, P < 0.05). Increased Gd deposition was also found in the ipsilateral hemisphere homogenates of the tMCAO group compared with the brain homogenates of the sham group on day 28 p.i. of gadopentetate (0.075 ± 0.012 vs. 0.044 ± 0.003 μg/g, P < 0.05), but not gadobutrol (0.012 ± 0.007 vs. 0.010 ± 0.001 μg/g, P = 0.80). The Gd concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere in the tMCAO group was significantly higher for gadopentetate than gadobutrol on both day 3 p.i. (0.085 ± 0.006 vs. 0.049 ± 0.005 μg/g, P < 0.05) and day 28 p.i (0.075 ± 0.012 vs. 0.012 ± 0.007 μg/g, P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with gadobutrol, gadopentetate decreased viability, increased ROS accumulation, and decreased MMP in OGD/R‐induced astrocytes (all P < 0.05).Data ConclusionAdministration of GBCAs after an animal model of ischemic stroke increased Gd deposition in the brain and aggravated astrocyte injury. The effect of gadopentetate appeared to be more pronounced than that of gadobutrol.
From Explicit to Implicit Theories of Creativity and Back: The Relevance of Naive Criteria in Defining Creativity
Authors: Weisberg Robert , Pichot Nicolas , Bonetto Eric , Pavani Jean‐Baptiste , Arciszewski Thomas , Bonnardel Nathalie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe different definitions of creativity that have been proposed by researchers have developed out of what are called explicit theories of creativity, on the basis of logical and semantic arguments, independently of empirical data. The present paper focuses on two such definitions, the standard definition (M.A. Runco & G.J. Jaeger, 2012), which defines a creative product as one that is novel and valuable, and R.W. Weisberg’s (2015, 2018) intentional novelty (IN) definition, which defines a creative product as one that is novel and produced intentionally. Those two definitions make different predictions concerning the criteria that lay‐people will when making judgments of creativity: both emphasize novelty, but the standard definition also includes value, while the IN definition includes the intention of the individual. Three studies (N = 983) tested those differential predictions using a scenario method. Overall, the results supported the importance of novelty and intentionality in lay‐people’s judgments of creativity, as well as raising questions about the role of value in such judgments. That pattern of results supported the IN definition. However, the results did not support the specific predictions made on the basis of the IN definition. The theoretical implications are discussed.