bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Hydrogen Embrittled CoSe Surface
Authors: Karthik Pitchiah Esakki , Rajan Hashikaa , Jothi Vasanth Rajendiran , Ko Min Jae , Yi Sung Chul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the design of structurally competent electrodes with prolonged lifecycles, a solid understanding of the gaseous hydrogen interaction in a metal lattice is highly desirable. During hydrogen evolution reaction, ingress of H severely affects the physical and mechanical properties of the material causing catastrophic brittle failures (hydrogen embrittlement). In this work, by chronoamperometry technique, an electrode with CoSe catalyst system is intentionally diffused with H to serve as a hydrogen stressed CoSe electrode. Surprisingly this H‐embrittled CoSe electrode exhibits enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) behavior as confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), impedance, and Tafel analysis, a cathodic shift of 80 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, impedance analysis reveals half the time of Rct decreasing in the OER on H‐embrittled CoSe than pristine CoSe. The Tafel slope of the H‐embrittled CoSe exhibits of 30 mV, which is relatively lower than the pristine CoSe at OER condition. These results collectively support the enhanced activity of the H‐embrittled CoSe electrode towards OER. Diffusion of hydrogen into metal lattice is confirmed by the high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) fringes analysis, where a 22% decrease Q2 in the lattice distance is revealed by the H‐embrittled CoSe catalyst.
Electronic Band Structure Engineering of Transition Metal Oxide‐N,S‐Doped Carbon Catalysts for Photoassisted Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Xiao Zuoxu , Lv Xuehui , Liu Shanshan , Liu Qi , Wang Fuling , Yan Wei , Xing Tao , Li Zhi , Li Xiyou , Chen Yanli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel “dual isolation of metal active sites” heterojunction engineering is developed in this work. The double isolation of the active sites is achieved through MN4 (M = Co, Fe) coordinating bonds in sulfonated‐substituted metalloporphyrin (MTPPS) and electrostatic interactions of MTPPS absorbed with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) networks. Subsequent “in situ copyrolysis” over the precursors ensures effective contact between p‐type CoFe2O4 and n‐type Fe2O3 species with n‐type N,S‐doping carbon support, respectively. This leads to p–n CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C and n–n Fe2O3‐N,S‐C heterojunctions. Meanwhile, CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C has a higher EVB energy level (−6.22 eV) than Fe2O3‐N,S‐C (−6.31 eV), achieving lower energy barrier, and thus superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with a higher half‐wave potential (0.84 V) of CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C than Fe2O3‐N,S‐C (0.82 V). In addition, CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C also exhibits higher oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with 100 mV lower overpotential (0.41 V) than Fe2O3‐N,S‐C. The lower overpotential is a result of larger energy gap between ECB energy level and Fermi level of CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C. This is the first demonstration of a novel p–n heterojunction with a special band structure that plays a key role in highly active ORR and OER bifunctional catalysis. Moreover, CoFe2O4‐N,S‐C displays significant photoelectrochemical enhancement upon light irradiation.
Chipset Nanosensor Based on N‐Doped Carbon Nanobuds for Selective Screening of Epinephrine in Human Samples
Authors: Emran Mohammed Y. , El‐Safty Sherif A. , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Reda Abduallah , El Sabagh Ayman , Shenashen Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChipset nanosensor design and fabrication are important for healthcare research and development. Herein, a functionalized chipset nanosensor is designed to monitor neurotransmitters (i.e., epinephrine (EP)) in human fluids. An interdigitated electrode array (IDA) is functionalized by N‐doped carbon nanobud (N‐CNB) and N‐doped carbon nanostructure (N‐CNS). The surface morphology of N‐CNB shows the formation of nanotubular‐like branches on sheets and micrometer‐size tubes. The N‐CNS design consists of the formation of aggregated sheets and particles in nanometer size. The irregular shape formation provides surface heterogeneity and numerous free spaces between the stacked nanostructures. N‐atoms ascertain highly active N‐CNS with multifunctional active centers, electron‐rich charged surface, and short distance pathway. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits the best performance for EP signaling with high sensitivity and selectivity. The N‐CNB/IDA sensing performance for EP detection indicates the successful design of a highly selective and sensitive assay with low detection limit of 0.011 × 10−6 m and a broad linear range of 0.5 × 10−6 to 3 × 10−6 m. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility with RSD of 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. Therefore, the chipset nanosensor of N‐CNB/IDA can be used for on‐site monitoring of EP in human serum samples and further used in daily monitoring of neuronal disorders.
High‐Efficiency Wideband Excitable Mechanoluminescence from a Yellow MOF Phosphor as White LED and Multicolor Thin Films
Authors: Ma Xiao , Xu Xiaojing , Duan Fengnan , Huang Wei , Chen Qun , Wu Dayu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐efficiency multifunctional metal‐organic framework (MOF) phosphor is highly desired for various practical applications, such as in lighting, anticounterfeiting, sensing, and so on. Herein, a highly yellow‐emitting MOF (Zn‐TPPA) phosphor is prepared via mechanical grinding for application as white light‐emitting diode (LED) and composite films. Under UV or visible‐light excitation, Zn‐TPPA exhibits the intense cyan emission (λem = 497 nm) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Zn‐TPPA undergoes an intriguing reversible mechanochromic luminescence through mechanical stimuli (grinding). Notably, the grinding not only induces emissive color changes from cyan to yellow but also obviously enhances the luminescence.More significantly, upon excitation with blue light (λex = 460 nm), the PLQY of yellow light approaches as high as 92.7 (±1.8) %, which makes the yellow MOF phosphor potential as high‐performance white LED. In addition, the MOF‐based composite films exhibit dual emission and excitation‐dependent emission color due to the presence of two emission sources (TPPA monomer and aggregation state). Hence, Zn‐TPPA with reversible mechanochromic luminescence would have potentials in the fields of luminescence sensor, display, and anticounterfeiting.
Ultrafast Response Optical Microfiber Interferometric VOC Sensor Based on Evanescent Field Interaction with ZIF‐8/Graphene Oxide Nanocoating
Authors: Huang Yan , Lin Wenfu , Huang Tiansheng , Li Zhenru , Zhang Ziruo , Xiao Ruitao , Yang Xiao , Lian Shuting , Pan Jiongshen , Ma Jun , Wang Wei , Sun Li‐Peng , Li Jie , Guan Bai‐Ou 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncorporating nanomaterials into photonic device to enhance light–matter interaction is a promising method to enhance photonic sensing, and investigating the interaction of nanomaterials with photonic devices is essential for evanescent field‐based photonic devices. In this study, the light–matter interaction of nanomaterial‐photonic devices is investigated via in situ synthesis of multilayer zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticles on a graphene oxide (GO) premodified optical fiber. The introduction of GO successfully refines the weak adhesion of ZIF‐8 on the optical microfiber, which aids the synthesis of highly uniform morphology. Based on the evanescent field change during the growth process of ZIF‐8 on the optical microfiber, the optical properties of ZIF‐8 are obtained through experiment and simulation. Ethanol is used to verify the capability of the sensing platform, and a concentration specific response with high sensor response at room temperature and low limit detection (5.26 ppm) is demonstrated, which matches the theoretical results. The incorporation of the GO/ZIF‐8 multilayer fiber sensor leads to ultrafast sensor response (118 ms), resulting from the high specific surface area and porous structure. The obtained sensor provides a guideline for metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) coated photonic devices with potential industrial applications and environmental benefits.
Bromo Radical‐Mediated Photoredox Aldehyde Decarbonylation towards Transition‐Metal‐Free Hydroalkylation of Acrylamides at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Zhaozhao , Huang Huawen , Wang Qiaolin , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a visible‐light‐mediated hydroalkylation reaction of alkenes using easily available aldehydes as alkyl sources via bromo radical‐promoted photoredox decarbonylation. This protocol provides an alternative entry to C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation and features considerable advantages including mild and clean reaction conditions, obviation for transition‐metal catalyst, and good functional group compatibility.magnified image
Metal‐Free Tandem One‐Pot Construction of 3,3‐Disubsituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Yao Zhen , Luo Zhenli , Pan Yixiao , Zhang Xin , Li Bohan , Xu Lijin , Wang Peng , Shi Qian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed metal‐free tandem one‐pot synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted 3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones from easily accessible 1,2‐diaminobenzenes, α‐ketoesters and 4‐alkyl Hantzsch esters has been described. This mild transformation affords the desired products in 47–93% yields for diversely decorated substrates, and can proceed on a gram‐scale. The efficacy of the current catalysis arises from the use of organic 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as the photocatalyst and CF3CO2H as the additive.magnified image
Activating Inert MXenes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via Anchored Metal Centers
Authors: Tahini Hassan A. , Tan Xin , Smith Sean C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogen evolution under alkaline conditions is still a challenge, due to the lack of active and cheap cathode materials. The reaction is controlled by the kinetics of water molecules dissociation, along with a balance between OH* desorption and H* recombination steps. The focus in this study is to investigate pathways to tune the activity of—the usually inert—MXenes via anchored metal atoms, which can act as active centers to facilitate the dissociation of water and the subsequent release of H2 molecules. The most promising candidates are Fe anchored on V2CO2, Mn on Ti2CO2 and V2CO2 and Ir on Nb2CO2. These materials display low and facile H2O dissociation, with barriers as low as 0.25 eV in some cases, and favorable OH* desorption steps.
Vertical coordination and post‐harvest losses: Implications on food loss
Authors: Dsouza Alwin , Mishra Ashok K. , Webster Scott 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates contract farming's impact on smallholders' profits and post‐harvest losses (PHLs). The study uses an endogenous switching regression (ESR) and farm‐level data from okra growers located in two different districts in India. Results show that okra growers under production contract (PC) or marketing contract (MC) have higher profits and PHLs than independent okra growers. However, under a low rejection‐rate scenario, growers under PC or MC have significantly lower PHLs and increased profits. The reduction in PHLs is not surprising, but the magnitude of the decrease shows that rejection rates are the major contributor to PHLs for contracted growers. Thus, contract farming with low rejection reduces PHLs and increases the profits of smallholders─a win‐win situation for growers and contracting firms.
Generating visual explanations with natural language
Authors: Hendricks Lisa Anne , Rohrbach Anna , Schiele Bernt , Darrell Trevor , Akata Zeynep 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe generate natural language explanations for a fine‐grained visual recognition task. Our explanations fulfill two criteria. First, explanations are class discriminative, meaning they mention attributes in an image which are important to identify a class. Second, explanations are image relevant, meaning they reflect the actual content of an image. Our system, composed of an explanation sampler and phrase‐critic model, generates class discriminative and image relevant explanations. In addition, we demonstrate that our explanations can help humans decide whether to accept or reject an AI decision.
Aberrant crosstalk between insulin signaling and mTOR in young Down syndrome individuals revealed by neuronal‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Perluigi Marzia , Picca Anna , Montanari Elita , Calvani Riccardo , Marini Federico , Matassa Roberto , Tramutola Antonella , Villani Alberto , Familiari Giuseppe , Domenico Fabio Di , Butterfield D. Allan , Oh Kenneth J. , Marzetti Emanuele , Valentini Diletta , Barone Eugenio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntellectual disability, accelerated aging, and early‐onset Alzheimer‐like neurodegeneration are key brain pathological features of Down syndrome (DS). Although growing research aims at the identification of molecular pathways underlying the aging trajectory of DS population, data on infants and adolescents with DS are missing.MethodsNeuronal‐derived extracellular vesicles (nEVs) were isolated form healthy donors (HDs, n = 17) and DS children (n = 18) from 2 to 17 years of age and nEV content was interrogated for markers of insulin/mTOR pathways.ResultsnEVs isolated from DS children were characterized by a significant increase in pIRS1Ser636, a marker of insulin resistance, and the hyperactivation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K axis downstream from IRS1, likely driven by the higher inhibition of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). High levels of pGSK3βSer9 were also found.ConclusionsThe alteration of the insulin‐signaling/mTOR pathways represents an early event in DS brain and likely contributes to the cerebral dysfunction and intellectual disability observed in this unique population.
Enzyme Control Over Ferric Iron Magnetostructural Properties
Authors: Wang Huan , Cleary Michael B. , Lewis Luke C. , Bacon Jeffrey W. , Caravan Peter , Shafaat Hannah S. , Gale Eric M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFe3+ complexes in aqueous solution can exist as discrete mononuclear species or multinuclear magnetically coupled species. Stimuli‐driven change to Fe3+ speciation represents a powerful mechanistic basis for magnetic resonance sensor technology, but ligand design strategies to exert precision control of aqueous Fe3+ magnetostructural properties are entirely underexplored. In pursuit of this objective, we rationally designed a ligand to strongly favor a dinuclear μ‐oxo‐bridged and antiferromagnetically coupled complex, but which undergoes carboxylesterase mediated transformation to a mononuclear high‐spin Fe3+ chelate resulting in substantial T1‐relaxivity increase. The data communicated demonstrate proof of concept for a novel and effective strategy to exert biochemical control over aqueous Fe3+ magnetic, structural, and relaxometric properties.
Diammonium Molecular Configuration‐Induced Regulation of Crystal Orientation and Carrier Dynamics for Highly Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Yang , Liu Gengling , Su Yang , Sheng Wangping , Gong Lingyun , Zhang Jiaqi , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effects from the molecular configuration of diammonium spacer cations on 2D/3D perovskite properties are still unclear. Here, we investigated systematically the mechanism of molecular configuration‐induced regulation of crystallization kinetic and carrier dynamics by employing various diammonium molecules to construct Dion‐Jacobson (DJ)‐type 2D/3D perovskites to further facilitating the photovoltaic performance. The minimum average Pb‐I‐Pb angle leads to the smallest octahedral tilting of [PbX6]4− lattice in optimal diammonium molecule‐incorporated DJ‐type 2D/3D perovskite, which enables suitable binding energy and hydrogen‐bonding between spacer cations and inorganic [PbX6]4− cages, thus contributing to the formation of high‐quality perovskite film with vertical crystal orientation, mitigatory lattice distortion and efficient carrier transportation. As a consequence, a dramatically improved device efficiency of 22.68 % is achieved with excellent moisture stability.
Population structure, residency, and abundance of whale sharks in the coastal waters off Nosy Be, north‐western Madagascar
Authors: Diamant Stella , Pierce Simon J. , Rohner Christoph A. , Graham Rachel T. , Guillemain d'Echon Arthur , Guillemain d'Echon Tanguy , Sourisseau Elina , Fidiarisandratra Léonce Costika , Bakary Gisèle , Trélanche Sylvia , Andriananrisoa Fanja , Kiszka Jeremy J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Between September and December, whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) aggregate in the coastal waters off Nosy Be, an island in north‐western Madagascar. Swimming with these sharks has become an important tourism activity, but no formal protection is in place in Madagascar to protect this endangered species from the potential negative effects of tourism or other human impacts.
Boat‐based surveys (n = 405) were conducted from tourism vessels from September to December, 2015–2019. For most sightings (98%), whale sharks were sighted while foraging for bait fish at the surface, in association with mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and seabirds (Sternidae). A total of 408 individual whale sharks were individually photo‐identified over this period. All individuals were immature, and 82% of sexed sharks were male. Sharks ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 m in total length (TL), with a mean TL of 5.65 ± 0.94 m (n = 66) for females and 5.46 ± 1.09 m for males (n = 295).
Most sharks (72% of the identified individuals) were only identified once within the study period. Movement modelling showed an open population with a short mean residence time of 7.2 days. Resightings were recorded from up to 12 years apart (2007–2019). Ten sharks were seen in all five seasons during 2015–2019. A basic POPAN mark–recapture model estimated a total population size of 681 (608–763) sharks over the 2015–2019 period.
Nosy Be waters are an important foraging ground for juvenile whale sharks. Sighting data demonstrate that a high proportion of the sharks’ preferred habitat lies outside existing protected areas, but within an identified Key Biodiversity Area. National species‐level protection and increased spatial management is warranted to secure the continued presence of whale sharks in this region.
Presenilin is involved in larval‐pupal metamorphosis development of Bombyx mori
Authors: Qian Xiaoran , Chen Kai , Chen Lijuan , Song Hongsheng , Zhang Zhongjie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisruption of the presenilin (ps) genes are the major genetic cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. The silkworm, Bombyx mori (B. mori), is an important model insect. The ps homologue gene in B. mori was identified and characterized. However, the role of ps in B. mori was poorly understood. Here, we found that Bmps was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues during metamorphosis. In the current study, loss‐of‐function analysis of Bmps was performed by the binary transgenic CRISPR/cas9 system. Compared with the wild type, the developmental time of ∆Bmps animals were significantly delayed. In addition, ∆Bmps showed abnormal appendage including antenna, leg, wing and eye during pupal and adult stages. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that apoptosis and proliferation related pathways were affected in ∆Bmps. Moreover, the Hippo pathway was affected by Bmps depletion in brain and wing disc. Our results suggest that PS is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance of apoptosis and proliferation during metamorphosis.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of α/β‐Dipeptide Derivatives via N‐Allylic Alkylation of O‐Alkyl Hydroxamates with MBH Carbonates
Authors: Wang Shutao , Zheng Lianyou , Song Shaoli , Wang Siyu , Zhang Zhuoqi , Xiang Jinbao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA controllable and regiodivergent N‐allylation reaction involving readily available O‐alkyl hydroxamates derived from natural α‐amino acids has been developed, allowing regiospecific access to α/β‐dipeptides containing α‐unsaturated β‐amino acids moieties in moderate to good yields. The regioselectivity could be conveniently switched by alternation of the catalysts and solvents.
Black hole masses from emission‐line widths
Authors: Dalla Bontà Elena , Peterson Bradley M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReverberation mapping and scaling relationships based on reverberation results provide the underpinning of all estimates of quasar black hole masses. When applying these scaling relationships, there are potential pitfalls that are widely unappreciated and can result in biases that can, in turn, lead to systematic errors in the black hole mass function and therefore conclusions about the evolution of black holes over time. Here we discuss specifically the suitability of various line‐width measures for estimating black hole masses.
Hemoglobin‐Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers with Different Metal Ions as Potential Oxygen Carrying Systems
Authors: Gulmez Canan , Altinkaynak Cevahir , Turk Merve , Ozdemir Nalan , Atakisi Onur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProtein‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have tremendous potential in bionanotechnology due to their simple method of preparation, high stability and superior properties. Considering these features, the present study was designed to investigate the artificial blood substitution potentials of hemoglobin‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. In this context, hemoglobin‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (Cu‐NF, Co‐NF and Zn‐NF) were synthesized using with different metal ions (copper, cobalt and zinc), then their oxygen carrying capacity, the hemolytic studies, in vitro oxidant/antioxidant capacity levels and oxidative stress index were reported for the first time. The present findings have revealed that Zn‐NF had significant oxygen content and artificial oxygen carriers (AOC), as well as a significantly low percent hemolysis rate and a safe standard value. Also, hemolysis rate decreased along with the increases in hemoglobin content coupled with increments in nanoflower concentrations. The percentage hemolysis rate was lower than all nanoflowers at low free hemoglobin concentration, but hemolysis rates also increased with increments in concentration. The results showed that in general, Zn‐NF stands out with its high total antioxidant capacity and low total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index. The obtained results showed that Cu‐NF and Co‐NF, especially Zn‐NF might be considered as a potential superior artificial oxygen carrier. Therefore, this nanoflower system might be act as an efficient material as a blood substitute in the near future.
Flow Regimes in Gas‐Solid Fluidized Beds via Micro‐Foil Heat Flux Sensor
Authors: Taofeeq Haidar , Uribe Sebastián , Al-Dahhan Muthanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe flow regime transitions in a gas‐solid fluidized bed were studied for the first time using a micro‐foil heat flux sensor. The time series of heat flux signals was analyzed by statistical and state space methods. The experimental measurements were performed in a lab‐scale gas‐solid fluidization column. Four different flow regimes, i.e., fixed‐bed flow regime, bubbling‐flow regime, slugging‐flow regime, and turbulent‐flow regime, and three intermediate transition velocities, i.e., minimum fluidizing velocity or minimum bubbling velocity, minimum slugging velocity, and minimum turbulent velocity, were successfully identified. The method based on the analysis of heat flux sensor measurements allowed to determine accurately the different flow regimes and the transition velocities.