bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupled richness of generalist anaerobes and sulphate‐reducing bacteria is driven by pH across land uses in temperate soils
Authors: George Paul B. L. , Coelho Katia P. , Creer Simon , Lebron Inma , Robinson David A. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) represent a key biological component of the global sulphur (S) cycle and are common in soils, where they reduce SO42− to H2S during the anaerobic degradation of soil organic matter. The factors that regulate their distribution in soil, however, remain poorly understood. We sought to determine the ecological patterns of SRB richness within a nationwide 16S metabarcoding dataset. Across 436 sites belonging to seven contrasting temperate land uses (e.g., arable, grasslands, woodlands, heathland and bog), SRB richness was relatively low across land uses but greatest in grasslands and lowest in woodlands and peat‐rich soils. There was a shift in dominant SRB taxa from Desulfosporosinus and Desulfobulbus in arable and grassland land uses to Desulfobacca in heathland and bog sites. In contrast, richness of other generalist anaerobic bacterial taxa found in our dataset (e.g., Clostridium, Geobacter and Pelobacter) followed a known trend of declining richness linked to land‐use productivity. Overall, the richness of SRBs and anaerobes had strong positive correlations with pH and sulphate concentration and strong negative relationships with elevation, soil organic matter, total carbon and carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio. It is likely that these results reflect the driving influence of pH and competition for optimal electron acceptors with generalist anaerobic bacteria on SRB richness.Highlights
Sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are key but rare soil biota that may compete with other anaerobes
As UK sulphur deposition rates fall, local populations of SRB may also decline in soils
Sulphate concentrations were higher in arable and wooded sites, not at higher elevation as expected
SRB richness was lower than generalist anaerobes, with peaks in grasslands and a drop in lowland woods.
Minimum standards for inpatient long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring: A clinical practice guideline of the International League Against Epilepsy and International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
Authors: Tatum William O. , Mani Jayanti , Jin Kazutaka , Halford Jonathan J. , Gloss David , Fahoum Firas , Maillard Louis , Mothersill Ian , Beniczky Sandor 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe objective of this clinical practice guideline is to provide recommendations on the indications and minimum standards for inpatient long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring (LTVEM). The Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology develop guidelines aligned with the Epilepsy Guidelines Task Force. We reviewed published evidence using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis) statement. We found limited high‐level evidence aimed at specific aspects of diagnosis for LTVEM performed to evaluate patients with seizures and nonepileptic events. For classification of evidence, we used the Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual of the American Academy of Neurology. We formulated recommendations for the indications, technical requirements, and essential practice elements of LTVEM to derive minimum standards used in the evaluation of patients with suspected epilepsy using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Further research is needed to obtain evidence about long‐term outcome effects of LTVEM and to establish its clinical utility.
Efficacy of herbal‐ versus chlorhexidine‐based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kommuri Karthik , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Barmak Basir A. , Rossouw P. Emile , Javed Fawad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe review aims to fill the gap in literature by comparing the efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine‐based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance (OHM) in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT).MethodsIndexed databases were searched electronically to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for data gathering. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020182497). Risk of bias assessment, quality of evidence investigation and meta‐analysis were performed to evaluate reported OHM‐related parameters at time points before and after the use of chlorhexidine (control group) and herbal mouthwashes (intervention group). With 95% confidence intervals, mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate effect size.ResultsOut of eight RCTs, results from one RCT favoured chlorhexidine and the results from a second RCT favoured herbal mouthwashes. Results from three RCTs showed comparable effects for the respective investigated OHM‐related parameters. Chlorhexidine demonstrated higher antimicrobial efficacy againstStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans)in two studies, and one RCT found comparable antimicrobial efficacies. Risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate and high in two studies each. Quality of evidence was very low to moderate for the respective investigated parameters. Sub‐group analysis for parameters colony forming units (CFU) {SMD (0.40) [95% CI (−0.22, 1.03)], gingival index (GI) {MD (0.06) [95% CI (−0.08, 0.20)]}, plaque index (PI) {SMD 0.22 [95% CI (−0.23, 0.67)]} before the use of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes remained inconclusive.ConclusionThe comparison between efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine towards OHM in patients undergoing fixed OT remains debatable.
Grain boundary energies in yttria‐stabilized zirconia
Authors: Dillon Shen J. , Shen Yu‐Feng , Rohrer Gregory S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe three‐dimensional microstructure of 8% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was measured by electron backscatter diffraction and focused ion beam serial sectioning. The relative grain boundary energies as a function of all five crystallographic grain boundary parameters were determined based on the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium at the internal triple junctions. Grain boundaries with (100) orientations have low energies compared to boundaries of other orientations, and all [100] twist boundaries have relatively low energies. Other classes of boundaries with lower than average energies include [100] symmetric tilt boundaries with disorientations less than 40° and [111] twist boundaries with disorientations greater than 20°. At fixed misorientations, the relative areas of boundaries are inversely correlated to the relative grain boundary energy. The results suggest that texturing microstructures to increase the relative areas of [100] twist boundaries might increase the oxygen ion conductivity of YSZ ceramics.
Luting indirect restorations with resin cements versus composite resins: Effects of preheating and ultrasound energy on film thickness
Authors: Falacho Rui I. , Marques Joana A. , Palma Paulo J. , Roseiro Luís , Caramelo Francisco , Ramos João Carlos , Guerra Fernando , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate and compare the film thickness obtained with a resin cement and two composite resins, preheated and/or ultrasonically vibrated, as luting agents.Materials and methodsOne hundred and twenty‐six (126) pairs of resin discs were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (n = 21) according to luting agent (Variolink Esthetic LC, IPS Empress Direct or Estelite Omega) and cementation technique (preheating at 68°C and/or ultrasonic vibration). Specimens were luted by applying a controlled force. Following sectioning and film thickness measurement through field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, statistical analysis was carried out considering a 5% significance level.ResultsStatistically significant lower film thickness was observed in Variolink Esthetic LC group when compared to all composite resin groups (p < 0.001), except IPS Empress Direct preheated and ultrasonically vibrated group (p = 0.073). IPS Empress Direct with ultrasonic vibration yielded statistically lower film thickness values than Estelite Omega groups, regardless of luting technique (p < 0.05). Ultrasonically vibrated Estelite Omega groups showed statistically lower film thickness values than solely preheated groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth Variolink Esthetic LC and IPS Empress Direct preheated and ultrasonically vibrated provided the lowest film thickness. The addition of ultrasonic vibration during cementation proved to be effective in reducing film thickness of both tested composite resins.Clinical significanceThe cementation technique will have variable results depending on the luting material. Adhesive cementation protocols with composite resins should mainly consider ultrasonic vibration, but also preheating, as strategies for reducing film thickness. The tested resin cement, alongside with IPS Empress Direct composite resin preheated and ultrasonically vibrated, provided the lowest film thickness among the tested materials and techniques.
Management of pregnancy and delivery in women with transposition of the great arteries after atrial switch operation: A 16‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Harada Gen , Inai Kei , Shimada Eriko , Ishido Mikiko , Shinohara Tokuko , Ogawa Masaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to summarize cases of successful pregnancy and delivery in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after atrial switch operation (ASO), to provide management, clinical experience, and maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsDuring a 16‐year period (2004–2019), we experienced 30 pregnancies in 15 patients after ASO at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients.ResultsIn 30 pregnancies, there were 21 (70%) live births, five (17%) miscarriages, and four (13%) artificial abortions. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths. Cardiac complications occurred in nine (43%) patients: deterioration of right ventricular (RV) function in one, symptomatic heart failure (HF) in three, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia requiring electrical cardioversion in two, sick sinus syndrome that required pacemaker implantation in two, and hemoptysis in one. Obstetric complications occurred in five (24%). Neonatal complications were premature births (delivery at <37 weeks of gestation) in 15 (71%), and birthweight <2500 g in 18 (86%). The mode of delivery consisted of vaginal delivery (VD) in five (24%), and cesarean section (CS) in 16 (76%).ConclusionA high incidence of preterm CS and cardiac complications including deterioration of RV function was observed in patients who had undergone ASO for TGA.
Observation of pregnancy outcomes in patients with hysteroscopic resection on submucous myomas
Authors: Yang Yeping , Yang Yisai , You Min , Chen Lan , Sun Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess postoperative pregnancy outcomes in patients with different types of submucous myomas after hysteroscopic resection.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective unicentric study used data from the electronic medical records system of the hospital. All patients (n = 77) who underwent hysteroscopy for submucous myomas between November 2010 and December 2018 were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to the myoma classification (G0, G1, and G2). Medical files were reviewed and phone questionnaires were conducted to evaluate demographic characteristics, clinical features, surgical treatment, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 32 (30.0, 34.0) years. The myoma diameter was 2.9 (2.0, 3.8) cm. The operation duration was 50.0 (30.0, 75.0) min. There were 15 patients in Group G0, 20 patients in Group G1, and 37 patients in Group G2. Follow‐up data were available for 65 of the 77 patients. The total pregnancy rate was 58 (89.2%) of 65. The live birth rate was 41 (70.7%) of 58. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rate (G0 100% vs. G1 76.5% vs. G2 91.2%; p = 0.097) or in live birth rates among the three groups (G0 78.6% vs. G1 53.8% vs. G2 74.2%; p = 0.325).ConclusionThere was no difference in pregnancy outcome among the three types of submucosal myomas. Our results support the idea that hysteroscopic myomectomy is an effective option for submucous myomas with good long‐term pregnancy outcomes.
“Thank u, next”? Repartnering and the household division of labor
Authors: Ophir Ariane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on life course and gender theories, this study tests competing hypotheses about the effect of repartnering on women's and men's levels and shares of housework.BackgroundAmidst increasing cohabitation rates and union instability, women and men are likely to form and dissolve multiple marital and nonmarital unions with different partners over the life course. However, most of our knowledge about the role of past relationships are based on cross‐sectional studies comparing first‐ and higher‐order union. This study investigates whether people change their housework arrangements upon repartnering and whether women and men experience similar patterns of change in heterosexual relationships.MethodThe analysis draws on 40 years of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a sample of 1897 women and men who were observed in two sequential heterosexual unions. The author used fixed effects models to estimate change in housework behavior upon repartnering.ResultsOverall, the results show stability in housework behavior upon repartnering once controlling for other life course changes that concur with repartnering. Women continued doing the majority of housework upon repartnering.ConclusionThe results suggest that forming a new heterosexual union evokes gender scripts which overall maintains the gendered housework behavior. Although housework is dynamic over the life course, the gender dynamics that shape housework is stable amid union instability.
Defocused contrast sensitivity function in peripheral vision
Authors: Jaisankar Durgasri , Suheimat Marwan , Rosén Robert , Atchison David A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHuman peripheral detection performance is affected by optical factors such as defocus and higher order aberrations. From optical theory, we would expect defocus to produce local depressions (notches) in the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). However, such notches have not been observed in peripheral vision, and it is unknown whether human peripheral vision can detect local depressions (notches) in the CSF, such as those produced by monochromatic defocus when all monochromatic ocular aberrations are corrected. The purpose of the study was to identify such notches.MethodsParticipants were three adult emmetropes. Following full adaptive optics correction, on‐axis and 20° nasal visual field detection CSFs in monochromatic light were measured for the right eye with a 7 mm diameter pupil, both without and with ±2 D defocus, and with separate determinations for horizontal and vertical gratings. Defocused CSFs were compared with predictions based on theoretical modulation transfer functions.ResultsNotches in the monochromatic defocused CSFs were identified for peripheral vision at optically predicted spatial frequencies with other monochromatic ocular aberrations corrected, provided that there was adequate spatial frequency sampling. The spatial frequencies of notches were similar to those predicted from optical theory, but their depths (0.3 to 0.9 log unit) were smaller than predicted.ConclusionWith fine spatial frequency sampling, notches were identified in defocused monochromatic CSFs when all other monochromatic ocular aberrations were corrected, both on‐axis and at 20° eccentricity. Unless recognised as such, notches may contribute to noise in through‐focus detection measurements of peripheral visual performance.
Understanding pediatric ventilation in the operative setting. Part I: Physical principles of monitoring in the modern anesthesia workstation
Authors: Spaeth Johannes , Schumann Stefan , Humphreys Susan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe modern anesthesia workstation provides a wealth of information some of which is of particular interest when it comes to optimizing ventilation settings. This knowledge gains even more importance in the therapy of pediatric patients. In the absence of evidence‐based recommendations on optimal ventilation settings in pediatric patients, the evaluation of individual factors becomes crucial and challenging at the same time. Even when equipped with the latest sensor technology, the user will always have to be in charge of interpreting the provided monitoring variables. The purpose of this review is to outline the clinical impact, technological background, and reliability of the most relevant information measured and calculated by a modern anesthesia workstation. It aims at translating the technical knowledge into a more competent and vigilant application in the clinical setting.
Extracorporeal blood purification in acutely intoxicated veterinary patients: A multicenter retrospective study (2011–2018): 54 cases
Authors: Groover Jennifer , Londoño Leonel A. , Tapia‐Ruano Kristen , Iacovetta Christine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical outcome and complications associated with extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) using either hemodialysis (HD), hemodialysis and hemoperfusion (HD + HP), or therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for the management of acute toxin ingestion in small animals.DesignRetrospective, multicenter study from January 2011 to July 2018.SettingOne university teaching hospital and one private specialty hospital.AnimalsFifty‐one dogs and 3 cats with a history of acute toxin exposure that could lead to severe morbidity and mortality, managed with different EBP techniques.Main ResultsNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (38/54, 52%), baclofen (8/54, 15%), and ethylene glycol (7/54, 13%) were the most common toxicities treated with EBP. Membrane‐based TPE was used most commonly (22/54, 40.7%), followed by HD (17/54, 31.5%) and then HD + HP (15/54, 27.8%). There was an 83.3% (45/54) overall survival, with 88.9% (8/9) of nonsurvivors having clinical signs prior to therapy. One third (18/54) of the patients never developed clinical signs of toxicity. Treatment complications occurred in 44.4% (24/54) of the animals, although only 18.5% (10/54) of these complications, such as mild hypotension, thrombocytopenia secondary to the HP cartridge, facial swelling after plasma transfusion for TPE, bleeding from catheter size secondary to heparinization, or clotting of the system, could be attributed to the EBP treatment. None of the nonsurvivors died because of EBP complications.ConclusionsEarly initiation of EBP therapy might be considered as an alternative route of decontamination in severe acute toxicities with high potential for significant morbidity and mortality. The survival rate in small animals undergoing EBP is high despite exposure to potential lethal doses of toxins, and survival appears to be more likely if clinical signs of toxicity are not present at the time of EBP. Continued research is warranted with randomized controlled clinical trials to further evaluate the clinical efficacy and benefit of EBP.
Experimental Hemodynamics Within the Penn State Fontan Circulatory Assist Device
Authors: Ponnaluri Sailahari V. , Christensen Emma J. , Good Bryan C. , Kubicki Cody J. , Deutsch Steven , Cysyk Joshua P. , Weiss William J. , Manning Keefe B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For children born with a single functional ventricle, the Fontan operation bypasses the right ventricle by forming a four-way total cavopulmonary connection and adapts the existing ventricle for the systemic circulation. However, upon reaching adulthood, many Fontan patients exhibit low cardiac output and elevated venous pressure, eventually requiring a heart transplantation. Despite efforts in developing a new device or using an existing device for failing Fontan support, there is still no Food and Drug Administration-approved device for subpulmonary support. Penn State University is developing a hydrodynamically levitated Fontan circulatory assist device (FCAD) for bridge-to-transplant or destination therapy. The hemodynamics within the FCAD, at both steady and patient averaged pulsatile conditions for three physiological pump operating conditions, were quantified using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to determine the velocity magnitudes and Reynolds normal and shear stresses within the device. Data were acquired at three planes (0 mm and ±25% of the radius) for the inferior and superior vena cavae inlets and the pulmonary artery outlet. The inlets had a blunt velocity profile that became skewed toward the collecting volute as fluid approached the rotor. At the outlet, regardless of the flow condition, a high-velocity jet exited the volute and moved downstream in a helical pattern. Turbulent stresses observed at the volute exit were influenced by the rotor's rotation. Regardless of inlet conditions, the pump demonstrated advantageous behavior for clinical use with a predictable flow field and a low risk of platelet adhesion and hemolysis based on calculated wall shear rates and turbulent stresses, respectively.
Model-Based Control of a Mobile Platform With Independently Controlled In-Wheel Hydraulic Motors
Authors: Hulttinen Lionel , Mattila Jouni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wheeled mobile platforms are important subsystems of heavy-duty working machines, but precise motion control of vehicles with multiple actuated wheels can be challenging, as linear controllers relying solely on velocity feedback could lead to excessive slippage of the wheels in face of varying terrain conditions. When aiming for more advanced control tasks as opposed to path-following, torque control of individual wheels could become necessary in order to distribute the traction effort in a desired fashion between each wheel. Studies on dynamic-model-based control of wheeled mobile robots concentrate on eletrically driven platforms that exhibit more linear behaviour than hydraulic drives, and dynamics of hydraulic motors are rarely addressed in the control design. In this paper, a model-based control design is pursued for a four-wheel vehicle actuated by in-wheel hydraulic motors, all independently controllable by high-bandwidth valves. Experiments on a heavy-duty mobile platform, equipped with wheel odometry, pressure transducers and satellite positioning, are conducted to study the feasibility of the proposed controller.