bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anticipated social cost of disclosing a rejection experience
Authors: Meral Erdem O. , van Osch Yvette , Ren Dongning , van Dijk Eric , van Beest Ilja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocial rejection is a negative experience. Disclosing this experience to others may be beneficial for the target but may also entail costs if the audience reacts negatively. Across five pre‐registered studies (N = 1120), we investigated how people may feel an urge to disclose a certain hypothetical rejection experience, but, depending on anticipated costs and benefits, may be reluctant to do so. The results reveal that when considering disclosing this rejection experience (a) targets anticipate social costs rather than benefits, and audiences indeed devalue such targets who disclose that they were rejected; (b) targets feel the urge to talk about this experience yet feel reluctant to do so; and (c) targets see disclosing to a close other as less risky, hence mitigating the conflicting urge and reluctance to talk. These findings suggest that people view disclosing a rejection experience as risky and perhaps not as the best coping strategy.
Nonmalignant portal vein thrombi in patients with cirrhosis consist of intimal fibrosis with or without a fibrin‐rich thrombus
Authors: Driever Ellen G. , von Meijenfeldt Fien A. , Adelmeijer Jelle , de Haas Robbert J. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Nagasami Chandrasekaran , Weisel John W. , Fondevila Constantino , Porte Robert J. , Blasi Anabel , Heaton Nigel , Gregory Stephen , Kane Pauline , Bernal William , Zen Yoh , Lisman Ton 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aim
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication of cirrhosis. The exact pathophysiology remains largely unknown, and treatment with anticoagulants does not lead to recanalization of the portal vein in all patients. A better insight into the structure and composition of portal vein thrombi may assist in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of PVT.

Approach and Results
Sixteen prospectively and 63 retrospectively collected nonmalignant portal vein thrombi from patients with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation were included. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess structure and composition of the thrombi. Most recent CT scans were reanalyzed for thrombus characteristics. Clinical characteristics were related to histological and radiological findings. All samples showed a thickened, fibrotic tunica intima. Fibrin‐rich thrombi were present on top of the fibrotic intima in 9/16 prospective cases and in 21/63 retrospective cases. A minority of the fibrotic areas stained focally positive for fibrin/fibrinogen (16% of cases), von Willebrand factor (VWF; 10%), and CD61 (platelets, 21%), while most of the fibrin‐rich areas stained positive for those markers (fibrin/fibrinogen, 100%; VWF, 77%; CD61, 100%). No associations were found between clinical characteristics including estimated thrombus age and use of anticoagulants and presence of fibrin‐rich thrombi.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that PVT in patients with cirrhosis consists of intimal fibrosis with an additional fibrin‐rich thrombus in only one‐third of cases. We hypothesize that our observations may explain why not all portal vein thrombi in patients with cirrhosis recanalize by anticoagulant therapy.
Domination in digraphs and their direct and Cartesian products
Authors: Brešar Boštjan , Kuenzel Kirsti , Rall Douglas F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA dominating (respectively, total dominating) set of a digraph is a set of vertices in such that the union of the closed (respectively, open) out‐neighborhoods of vertices in equals the vertex set of . The minimum size of a dominating (respectively, total dominating) set of is the domination (respectively, total domination) number of , denoted (respectively, ). The maximum number of pairwise disjoint closed (respectively, open) in‐neighborhoods of is denoted by (respectively, ). We prove that in digraphs whose underlying graphs have girth at least 7, the closed (respectively, open) in‐neighborhoods enjoy the Helly property, and use these two results to prove that in any ditree (i.e., a digraph whose underlying graph is a tree), and . By using the former equality we then prove that , where is any digraph and is any ditree, each without a source vertex, and is their direct product. From the equality we derive the bound , where is an arbitrary digraph, an arbitrary ditree and is their Cartesian product. In general digraphs this Vizing‐type bound fails, yet we prove that for any digraphs and , where , we have . This inequality is sharp as demonstrated by an infinite family of examples. Ditrees and digraphs enjoying are also investigated.
Intraoperative knee kinematics measured by computer‐assisted navigation and intraoperative ligament balance have the potential to predict postoperative knee kinematics
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Dorthe Erik W. , Tomita Tetsuya , Tanaka Sakae , Angibaud Laurent , D'Lima Darryl D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to analyze the effects of type of activity and cruciate ligament resection on knee kinematics and ligament balance after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to determine if intraoperative passive kinematics are associated with active kinematics. Fresh‐frozen human cadaveric knees were examined. The knees were mounted on a quadriceps‐driven simulator. Cruciate‐retaining (CR‐TKA) and posterior‐substituting (PS‐TKA) TKA was performed using a contemporary knee system. Active flexion (closed‐kinetic chain [CKC] and open‐kinetic‐chain [OKC]) and passive flexion were analyzed by recording the knee kinematics using a specifically developed application of an imageless navigation system. An electronic ligament balancer was used to measure the tibiofemoral gap under constant distraction pressure. The femur rotated externally relative to the tibia during passive and active CKC flexion. The femur translated anteriorly from 10° to 50° of flexion after TKA. Beyond 50° of flexion, the femur translated posteriorly in all surgical conditions. The femoral location during active CKC flexion was posterior relative to that during active OKC. Femoral rotation and translation during passive knee flexion correlated significantly with that during active knee flexion. Posterior tilt of the electronic ligament balancer was greater with CR‐TKA than with PS‐TKA and correlated significantly with the anteroposterior position of the femur. Statement of Clinical Significance: Intraoperative knee kinematics measured by computer‐assisted navigation and intraoperative ligament balance have the potential to predict postoperative knee kinematics.
Preparation and properties of aflatoxins imprinted polymer grafted onto the surface of mesoporous silica SBA‐15 functionalized with double bonds
Authors: Song Lixin , Wang Huige , Rui Chaofan , Liu Qing , Zhang Yunxia , Cheng Yong , He Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesoporous silica Santa Barbara‐15 was functionalized by methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane. Taking this as the carrier material, a new mesoporous silica surface imprinted polymer was synthesized by using the C=C bond, functional monomer α‐methacrylic acid, and crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, which was used to extract aflatoxin from grain efficiently. It is different from the preparation of surface imprinted polymers which is physically wrapping carrier materials with polymer layers. The chemical grafting method makes the coating of the polymer layer more controllable. A new method for selective separation, enrichment, and determination of trace aflatoxin in grain was established by using the polymers as the filter of the solid‐phase extraction column and high‐performance liquid chromatography. The linear range of the method was 0.5–100 μg/kg, R2 = 0.9990–0.9993. The recovery of aflatoxin G2, G1, B2, and B1 was 98.9–119.7% and the relative standard deviation was 3.07–5.76%. By comparing the self‐made column with the immunoaffinity column, it was found that the self‐made column had better extraction performance for aflatoxins than the immunoaffinity column. It can be used for the analysis and detection of aflatoxins in cereal.
Relative Catch Performance of Two Gear Modifications Used to Reduce Bycatch of Undersized Fish and Shrimp in Mediterranean Bottom Trawl Fisheries
Authors: Maynou Francesc , García-de-Vinuesa Alfredo G. , Martínez-Baños Pedro , Sánchez Pilar , Demestre Montserrat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The catch of large quantities of sublegal-sized fish and shrimp is a pervasive feature of bottom trawl fisheries, particularly in the Mediterranean demersal mixed fisheries where regulations traditionally allow small mesh sizes. To address these concerns, two bottom trawl net selectivity trials were carried out in 2019 and 2020 on fishing grounds worked by the trawl fleet of Spanish Mediterranean, under normal commercial operating conditions with volunteer trawlers of the local fleet. The traditional otter bottom trawl employed in the demersal mixed fishery was modified with a 50-mm T90 panel on the extension piece under two different configurations (front of the extension piece and back of the extension piece). A second modification consisted of inserting a selective grid in the extension piece of the standard bottom trawl net. The species investigated in the demersal mixed fishery were European Hake Merluccius merluccius, Red Mullet Mullus barbatus, Striped Red Mullet Mullus surmuletus, and the deepwater rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris. Important selectivity improvements were observed for European Hake and deepwater rose shrimp, particularly in the selective grid trial, where 95% and 100%, respectively, of undersize specimens escaped through the grid. The design with the T90 panel in the back of the extension piece allowed for a reduction of 35% of sublegal-sized individuals of European Hake, but no difference was gained in the sizes of both Mullus spp. retained in the cod end. The adoption of these gear modifications might contribute to reducing discards of sublegal-sized fractions of the fisheries target species.
A comprehensive review on the development and applications of narrow‐linewidth lasers
Authors: Bai Zhenxu , Zhao Zhongan , Tian Menghan , Jin Duo , Pang Yajun , Li Sensen , Yan Xiusheng , Wang Yulei , Lu Zhiwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith high‐temporal coherence and low‐phase noise, narrow‐linewidth lasers have important applications in spectroscopy, holography, and coherent detection. At present, ultra‐narrow‐linewidth lasing is generated by solid‐state, optical fiber, and semiconductor lasers, which serve as a good light source for scientific research and industrial applications. In this article, we summarize the fundamental techniques and review recent developments in narrow‐linewidth lasers. Moreover, typical applications of narrow‐linewidth lasers are discussed to provide reliable and easy‐to‐use references for comparing the performance of narrow‐linewidth lasers.
Experimental validation of Fastcat kV and MV cone beam CT (CBCT) simulator
Authors: O'Connell Jericho , Lindsay Clayton , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose: To experimentally validate the Fastcat cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) simulator against kV and MV CBCT images acquired with a Varian Truebeam linac.Methods: kV and MV CBCT images of a Catphan 504 phantom were acquired using a 100 kVp beam with the on‐board imager (OBI) and a 6 MV treatment beam with the electronic portal imaging device (EPID), respectively. The kV Fastcat simulation was performed using detailed models of the x‐ray source, bowtie filter, a high resolution voxelized virtual Catphan phantom, anti‐scatter grid, and the CsI scintillating detector. Likewise, an MV Fastcat CBCT was simulated with detailed models for the beam energy spectrum, flattening filter, a high‐resolution voxelized virtual Catphan phantom, and the gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) scintillating detector. Experimental and simulated CBCT images of the phantom were compared with respect to HU values, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and dose linearity. Detector modulation transfer function (MTF) for the two detectors were also experimentally validated. Fastcat's dose calculations were compared to Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations performed with Topas.Results: For the kV and MV simulations, respectively: Contrast agreed within 14 and 9 HUs and detector MTF agreed within 4.2% and 2.5%. Likewise, CNR had a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.6% and 1.4%. Dose agreed within 2.4% and 1.6% of MC values. The kV and MV CBCT images took 71 and 72 s to simulate in Fastcat with 887 and 493 projections, respectively.Conclusions: We present a multienergy experimental validation of a fast and accurate CBCT simulator against a commercial linac. The simulator is open source and all models found in this work can be downloaded from https://github.com/jerichooconnell/fastcat.git.
Rotor imbalance suppression by optimal control
Authors: Gnuffi Matteo , Pighin Dario , Sakamoto Noboru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn imbalanced rotor is considered. A system of moving balancing masses is given. We determine the optimal movement of the balancing masses to minimize the imbalance on the rotor. The optimal movement is given by an open‐loop control solving an optimal control problem posed in infinite time. By methods of the Calculus of Variations, the existence of the optimum is proved and the corresponding optimality conditions have been derived. Asymptotic behavior of the control system is studied rigorously. By Łojasiewicz inequality, convergence of the optima as time towards a steady configuration is ensured. An explicit estimate of the convergence rate is given. This guarantees that the optimal control stabilizes the system. In case the imbalance is below a computed threshold, the convergence occurs exponentially fast. This is proved by the Stable Manifold Theorem applied to the Pontryagin optimality system. Moreover, a closed‐loop control strategy based on Reinforcement Learning is proposed. Numerical simulations have been performed, validating the theoretical results.
Optimal event‐triggered control for C‐T system with asymmetric constraints based on dual heuristic dynamic programing structure
Authors: Song Ruizhuo , Ma Tengcong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a method that applies event‐triggered (ET) mechanism control to continuous‐time (C‐T) nonlinear systems with asymmetric constraints based on dual heuristic dynamic programing (DHP) structure is proposed. At first, we derive ET mechanism from traditional time‐triggered and give the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs (HJI) equation. Second, we give the triggering condition and prove the stability of system under ET mechanism. Then, two neural networks (NNs) are introduced, one of which is the critic network, which is designed to approximate the partial derivatives of value function with respect to inputs, and approximate disturbance policy. The other is the action network, which is used to acquire the estimation optimal control policy. Furthermore, we choose a suitable Lyapunov candidate function to prove that the system and NNs weight estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Besides, it is important that we prove that Zeno phenomenon can be avoided. Finally, simulation results are shown that the proposed method is feasible.
Vitamin D and COVID‐19: A review on the role of vitamin D in preventing and reducing the severity of COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Abdrabbo Mobeen , Birch Cole M. , Brandt Michael , Cicigoi Kelsey A. , Coffey Stephen J. , Dolan Connor C. , Dvorak Hannah , Gehrke Ava C. , Gerzema Audrey E. L. , Hansen Abby , Henseler Ethan J. , Huelsbeck Alyssa C. , LaBerge Ben , Leavens Caterra M. , Le Christine N. , Lindquist Allison C. , Ludwig Rickaela K. , Reynolds Jacob H. , Severson Nathaniel J. , Sherman Brandon A. , Sillman Hunter W. , Smith Michael A. , Smith Macey A. , Snortheim Marissa J. , Svaren Levi M. , Vanderpas Emily C. , Wackett Miles J. , Wozney Alec J. , Bhattacharyya Sudeep , Hati Sanchita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a pathogenic coronavirus causing COVID‐19 infection. The interaction between the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and the human receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, both of which contain several cysteine residues, is impacted by the disulfide‐thiol balance in the host cell. The host cell redox status is affected by oxidative stress due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidants. Recent studies have shown that Vitamin D supplementation could reduce oxidative stress. It has also been proposed that vitamin D at physiological concentration has preventive effects on many viral infections, including COVID‐19. However, the molecular‐level picture of the interplay of vitamin D deficiency, oxidative stress, and the severity of COVID‐19 has remained unclear. Herein, we present a thorough review focusing on the possible molecular mechanism by which vitamin D could alter host cell redox status and block viral entry, thereby preventing COVID‐19 infection or reducing the severity of the disease.
Amino acid substitution (Gly‐654‐Tyr) in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Cao Yi , Zhou Xinxin , Huang Zhaofeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmaranthus retroflexus L. is a problematic weed in agricultural fields. In China, the repeated use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of many A. retroflexus resistant populations. The objective of this research was to investigate the physiological and molecular basis for resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in A. retroflexus.RESULTSSequence analysis of the ALS revealed a Trp to Leu substitution at amino acid position 574 (Trp‐574‐Leu), and a previously unreported substitution of Gly to Tyr substitution at 654 (Gly‐654‐Tyr) in the resistant A. retroflexus population. A purified R‐Tyr654 subpopulation homozygous for the Gly‐654‐Tyr mutation was generated and characterized in response to five different classes of ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Dose–response analysis revealed that the R‐Tyr654 population was highly resistant to two imidazolinones (imazethapyr, >42‐fold; imazamox, 48.3‐fold), one triazolopyrimidine (flumetsulam, 57.4‐fold), and one sulfonylamino‐carbonyltriazolinone (flucarbazone, 17.3‐fold). Moreover, it was moderately resistant to two sulfonylureas (thifensulfuron‐methyl, 4.9‐fold; nicosulfuron, 9.1‐fold), and one pyrimidinylthio‐benzoate (bispyribac‐sodium, 3.1‐fold). An in vitro ALS activity assay showed that ALS with the Gly‐654‐Tyr substitution was resistant to all the tested ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. However, the field rate of herbicides binding other sites of action demonstrated effective control of the R‐Tyr654 population.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the molecular basis of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide resistance in A. retroflexus was caused by the Trp‐574‐Leu and Gly‐654‐Tyr substitutions in the ALS. This is the first report of Gly‐654‐Tyr substitution in ALS, and this substitution confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
DIAL and GNSS observations of the diurnal water‐vapour cycle above Iqaluit, Nunavut
Authors: Hicks–Jalali Shannon , Mariani Zen , Crawford Robert W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtmospheric water vapour is the dominant gas in the greenhouse effect and its diurnal cycle is an essential component of the hydrological cycle. High‐quality water‐vapour measurements are critical observations for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, which encounter difficulties in the Arctic due to its unique weather. Accurate measurements of the diurnal water‐vapour cycle can improve precipitation rate and type predictions. In this study, we use a preproduction Vaisala broad‐band differential absorption lidar (DIAL), installed in Iqaluit, Nunavut (63.75°N, 68.55°W), to calculate seasonal height‐resolved diurnal water‐vapour cycles from 100–1,500 m altitude. We also calculate the surface water‐vapour mixing ratio and integrated water‐vapour (IWV) diurnal cycles using co‐located surface station and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements. We find that the first 250 m of the DIAL water‐vapour mixing ratio height‐resolved diurnal cycle agrees within 0.02 gkg with the surface‐station amplitudes, and within 0–2 hr in phase. DIAL diurnal‐cycle values are close to 1 at the surface, and between 0.25 and 0.95 depending on the altitude and season. The phases of the diurnal cycle shift and the amplitudes increase with altitude. In the summer, all instruments observe a strong 24‐hr cycle. The amplitude of the 24‐hr component decreases with the solar cycle, such that the 12‐hr component begins to influence the total cycle significantly by the winter. The IWV has a large 12‐hr component throughout the year, which could be due to the superposition of two diurnal components at different altitudes or increasing contributions at altitudes higher than those measured by the DIAL. We have shown that using DIAL measurements to observe height‐resolved diurnal cycles provides a deeper understanding of the diurnal cycle than that achieved from GNSS and surface measurements alone.
Simultaneously improving the resolving power and sensitivity for planar high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry using a mixed gas inlet mode at two ends
Authors: Wei Zi , Du Xiaoxia , Zeng Hongda , Chen Zhencheng , Xiao Wenxiang , Li Hua 
Published: September 2021

RationaleResolution and sensitivity are two key parameters for describing the performance of high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). An increase in the resolving power of FAIMS has been realized by adding helium to nitrogen in planar FAIMS, but it comes at the expense of sensitivity.MethodsHere, a new hollow needle‐to‐ring discharge device integrated on a PCB substrate is used as the ion source for FAIMS. Helium flows from the hollow part of the hollow needle to improve the ionization effect. Nitrogen carries the sample into the ionization chamber and is mixed with helium as the carrier gas.ResultsUnder a nitrogen flow rate of 1 L min−1, 1.5 L min−1, 2 L min−1, and 2.5 L min−1, adding helium at different flow rates (0.2 L min−1, 0.3 L min−1, 0.5 L min−1, and 1 L min−1) can simultaneously improve the separation ability and sensitivity. Helium and nitrogen with flow rates of 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 L min−1 were added to nitrogen (2 L min−1). The separation ability and sensitivity of the mixed gases doped with helium are better than those of nitrogen. The larger the RF voltage amplitude is, the more obvious the improvement in the separation ability when helium is added. However, helium doping has the opposite effect on the sensitivity.ConclusionsThis study provides a new idea and technical means for the application of helium and nitrogen gas mixtures in planar FAIMS. This method can greatly improve the performance of FAIMS.