bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humility and Courage
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Examples of the ways in which Catholic philosopher Charles Taylor interacts with his peers and critics show both humility and courage. Taking the time to understand what other scholars have written, listening carefully to criticism, and responding respectfully and candidly to them are all indications of a humble maturity that too many faculty lack. Given that the academy today is typically more secular in its culture than that of the surrounding local colleges leads many faculty who are religious to censor themselves in ways that indicate a lack of courage—fearing that if a religious tradition influences one’s research, then that research is no longer academically respectable. Given that most Catholic colleges and universities established policies of academic freedom and tenure only in the 1960s, faculty today are quick to defend these policies and practices in ways that make it more difficult to see the value of the Catholic intellectual tradition and a positive and appropriately independent relationship with the global Catholic Church.
Conclusion
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter rehearses the arguments of the book, reaffirms the importance of the open circle model, and sees gains for Catholic higher education through academic freedom (as explained in chapter 8), engaging religious pluralism while teaching and researching Catholicism as an intellectual tradition. The chapter explains why the phrase “Catholic intellectual tradition” is used. It returns to the critical importance of the three north stars: Jesus (existential component of love and justice), Mary his mother (education, formation, and wisdom), and John Henry Newman (the continuing relevance of his Idea of a Catholic University). For Catholic colleges and universities to avoid going secular, as have most of the major mainline Protestant universities in the United States, the chapter underscores the critical importance of leadership, faculty recruitment and formation, and the Catholic intellectual tradition.
Introduction
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The introduction outlines the two major arguments of The Bible Told Them So. First, the book argues that many southern white evangelicals who resisted the civil rights movement were animated by a Christian faith influenced by biblical exegesis that deemed racial segregation as divinely ordered. A complete understanding of southern white resistance to civil rights requires wrestling with this unique hermeneutic. Second, The Bible Told Them So argues that segregationist theology did not cease with the political achievements of the civil rights movement. Instead, in the years after 1965, segregationist Christianity evolved and persisted in new forms that would become mainstays of southern white evangelicalism by the 1970s: colorblind individualism and a heightened focus on the family.
Not in Our Church
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the tensions that arose in southern evangelicalism between local church congregations and state- and nation-level bodies in the wake of the 1954 Brown decision. Such tensions reveal how Southern Baptists and Methodists negotiated the heightened antagonism emerging between denominational leaders and the people in the pews over civil rights in the mid-1950s. The chapter opens with South Carolina Southern Baptist churches rejecting broader Southern Baptist Convention efforts to advocate for civil rights in religious language and concludes with lay South Carolina Methodists defending the White Citizens’ Councils against criticism from a small number of Methodist clergy. Both these studies reveal the effective authority of local congregations in directing southern white churches’ responses to matters of race in the civil rights years. This chapter highlights that the congregational-level perspective gives the best vantage point for understanding white evangelicalism’s response to the civil rights movement, regardless of church polity.
The Complications of Eating Together
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows why food features so often in Marathi stories to illustrate problems of social cohesion and division: food functions this way in many cultures and time periods. It opens Part II, which examines premodern views as they appear in various renditions of stories about transgressive commensality, following from the three chapters in Part I, which explore the modern formulation of the bhakti-caste question. The chapter highlights interdisciplinary insights from anthropologists and historians about food, especially R. S. Khare’s notion of semantic density. It then surveys food references in various genres of Hindu literature before homing in on meanings of food in bhakti hagiographies—especially ucchiṣṭa, or polluted leftover food.
Memories of Transgressive Commensality
Authors: Keune Jon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two food stories whose retellings changed across various media in the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial periods. At the center of both stories are the brahman saint Eknāth and Dalits with whom he interacts. In the śrāddha story, Eknāth serves to Dalits a ritual meal that was intended for brahmans, and his unorthodox action is vindicated miraculously in the face of outraged brahmans. In the double vision story, antagonistic brahmans witness Eknāth in two places at once: simultaneously eating at a Dalit couple’s home and sitting in his own home. Chapter 5 traces renditions of these two stories’ movement through Marathi texts between 1700 and 1800. By approaching hagiographical stories with sensitivity to how they change—hagiography in 4D—we find a story about the story. In this Marathi case, part of that meta-story is that hagiographers strategically employed ambiguity to avoid answering the bhakti-caste question conclusively.
Introduction: Jewish Children in the 20th Century
Authors: Fass Paula S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book. This book visits five continents and studies Jewish children from the late 19th century until the present. It includes chapters on the demographic patterns of Jewish reproduction; on the evolution of bar and bat mitzvah ceremonies; on the role children played in the project of Hebrew revival; on their immigrant experiences in the United States; on novels for young Jewish readers written in Hebrew and Yiddish; and on Jewish themes in films featuring children. Several chapters focus on child Holocaust survivors or the children of survivors in a variety of settings in Europe, North Africa, Israel, and the United States.
Mapping the History of Child Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Beata Michlic Joanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines some key areas of the history of Jewish youth in Europe during and in the aftermath of the Holocaust, paying particular attention to the significant shifts in the field over the last decade. It discusses how the field has been changing and expanding as a result of historians’ recognition of children’s agency with the rise of child-oriented historiography, and the late postwar tsunami of child survivors’ testimonies. It focuses on specific aspects of Jewish children’s history beginning with the ghettoization process, life on the Aryan side in Nazi-occupied Europe, Jewish disabled children, the universe of concentration camps and extermination centers, and the aftermath of the war.
The Children of Kfar Etzion: Resilience and Its Causes
Authors: Lieblich Amia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The term resilience is often used to describe children who have sustained stress or trauma, or who have grown up under adverse conditions, who nevertheless become healthy, well-adjusted, and productive adults. This chapter offers a case study of the children of Kfar Etzion, a religious kibbutz that was overrun and destroyed by Arab forces in May 1948. All of the children were uprooted from their home, and most of them lost a father either in the course of defending the kibbutz or in the aftermath of its destruction. However, living together in a commune for several years thereafter, the children grew up in an atmosphere of camaraderie and support; to this day, they regularly meet at commemorations and other communal events. Their experience supports the thesis that collective upbringing, coupled with a well-integrated system of meanings based on religious and patriotic values, fortify the individual against adversity.
Catskills Idyll: Children of Holocaust Survivors and the Bungalow Colony Experience, 1950s–1960s
Authors: Levinsky-Koevary Hannah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since the early part of the 20th century, the Catskill Mountains of New York State (also known as “the Borscht Belt”) was famous for its hotels and resorts. This chapter explores a lesser-known aspect of the Catskills: the bungalow colonies where thousands of working-class New York Jews spent their summers. Focusing on the experiences of children of Holocaust survivors during the 1950s–1960s (the “golden age” of the Catskills’ popularity) it shows how the bungalow colony was not only an enjoyable summer environment, but also an ideal place for children to run free and feel safe, especially those whose parents went through unspeakable horrors during the war. In addition, for survivors whose wartime/Holocaust traumas were still fresh, it was a uniquely relaxing and comfortable setting that served as a means of social and psychological transition to the New World.
The American Jewish Intelligentsia, the Claims of Humor—and the Case of Lenny Bruce
Authors: Whitfield Stephen J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Several major American Jewish scholars and intellectuals have addressed the vitality and the pertinence of Jewish humor, seeing in it an entrée not only into key characteristics of communal life but also into the texture of reality itself. These academicians and critics have exposed the encounter between stand-up comedy and the social and political peculiarities of Jewish life in the United States. No comedian attracted more sustained attention than Lenny Bruce, whose career enlarged the contours of what could explored in night clubs and on long-playing records. Perhaps no satirist took greater risks, or exposed himself to greater legal danger, in both subject matter and in language. No predecessor was more willing to flaunt his own Jewish sensibility, or to present with such cynicism the hypocrisies inherent in the codes of conduct by which respectable America professed to live—which is what made Bruce the object of serious interest.
Research questions
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 of Performing Music Research considers how to develop effective research questions, outlining ways of formulating them so that they are clear and answerable. Different assumptions about the world underlie different research questions, which in turn seek different kinds of knowledge. Therefore, when designing research, it is essential to understand the nature of the knowledge that is to be generated. The chapter explores some of the ways in which this understanding can be framed in a study and shows how it feeds into and shapes the whole process of research design.
Methodological approaches
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 of Performing Music Research reviews three methodological approaches: qualitative, quantitative, and multistrategy. While all three approaches can be used to shed light on musical topics, qualitative approaches tend to elicit an understanding of individuals’ idiosyncratic perspectives and experiences, whereas quantitative approaches tend to focus on larger-scale, more generalizable explanations. The chapter considers the main features of these two approaches and addresses the increasing body of work combining qualitative and quantitative forms of enquiry in multistrategy research. It delves deeper into each of the three methodological approaches to illuminate some of the specific strategies associated with them, ranging from the ethnographic exploration of musical cultures to experimental studies testing the very latest innovations in the field.
Documentation
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 of Performing Music Research focuses on three different types of documents, beginning with pre-existing written, audio, and audiovisual documentation. First, the chapter gives examples of pre-existing documents, such as program notes, which can be used in studies as research data in their own right and as stimuli for research. Second, it considers documentation created specifically for research purposes. This includes recordings of music making, which are a rich source of information in music research, and diaries—whether written, audio, or audiovisual. Third, it considers drawings and other forms of visual representation. Throughout, the chapter highlights the possibilities of obtaining insights from documentary data by using newly developed technologies.
Interviews
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 of Performing Music Research sets out the characteristic features of research interviews, introducing four types of interview: open interviews, which often arise spontaneously or informally and which are largely unstructured or explore an overarching topic of interest; semi-structured interviews, an approach often taken in music research that relies on a predetermined yet flexible set of principal questions; structured interviews, which make use of fixed and unchangeable questions within an entirely predetermined format; and focus group interviews, which take place with groups of participants rather than individuals. The chapter addresses some of the challenges of using different types of interviews, presents ways to design and conduct interviews effectively, and considers ways to write about and report them.
Descriptive statistics
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 10 of Performing Music Research sets out the fundamental principles that underpin all statistics. Statistics must be used with care, and strict conditions govern their deployment, many of which have to be considered in the earliest stages of research. The chapter discusses techniques for organizing, describing, and summarizing data. It introduces the concepts of central tendency and variability, as it is essential for carrying out statistical tests to know the difference between means, medians, and modes, and when and how to use them, and to understand how data vary within, as well as between, samples.
Inferential statistics
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12 of Performing Music Research considers statistical tests designed for use in experimental, survey, and observational research to compare differences between groups. It describes three kinds of test and their variations: t-tests, which are used to identify differences between two groups on one dependent variable; analyses of variance (ANOVAs), which are used to test effects by identifying differences between two or more groups on one dependent variable; and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs), which are used to test effects by identifying differences between two or more groups on two or more dependent variables. For each test, the chapter sets out an example of the situations in which it can be used, provides guidance on conducting it using standard statistical software, and advises on how best to interpret and report its results.
Communication and dissemination
Authors: Williamon Aaron , Ginsborg Jane , Perkins Rosie , Waddell George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 14 of Performing Music Research presents the key features of the final written research report. It considers how to get started, the use of appropriate structure and headings, the importance of identifying limitations and further research, and referencing sources. Acknowledging that music researchers need to communicate in many ways, the chapter also introduces four further means of disseminating research: informal and formal feedback to participants; conference proceedings, which form the basis for spoken, poster, and speed presentations at conferences; peer-reviewed published journal articles; and communication with those outside the academic world such as practitioners and policy-makers. It discusses the use of broadcast, print, and social media, emphasizing the need to engage different target audiences creatively.
Introduction
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hippies in the late Soviet Union appeared to many like creatures from a different star. Yet, a closer look reveals that the history of this movement has both short- and long-term precedents, which range from early revolutionary ideals to the generation of beatniks and Beatles fans, who were only slightly older than the wave of hippie youngsters that appeared in the late 1960s all across the Soviet Union. The introduction also situates the topic of Soviet hippies both within the history of the global hippie movement as well as in the context of late Soviet life and reality. A separate discussion is devoted to the methodology of oral history and the role of the subjective authorial voice. The introduction concludes with the overall argument of the book that the worlds of hippies and late socialism were not incompatible but in a bizarre way a good fit to each other that shaped the character of both.
Ritualization
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The last chapter in the chronological part of the book is devoted to the developments taking place in the hippie movement from the mid-1970s onwards. The sistema intensified through the introduction of a number of rituals and commemorative practices which celebrated its history and identity and fostered community. They adopted the American idea of creating so-called Peoples Books, hippie photo albums, and introduced a kind of hippie calendar celebrating the beginning and end of the travel season. Most importantly, they codified their love for travel into certain hippie routes and established a long-lasting summer camp. Despite severe repressions in the 1980s, the hippie sistema was thus well equipped to survive until the very end of the Soviet Union itself.
Materiality
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hippies generally understood themselves as a non-materialistic and anti-materialist movement. This chapter uses a material prism to explore Soviet hippie culture: their things. Ironically material items were of the utmost importance to a community whose ideas included a strong commitment to non-materiality. Yet, as the chapter demonstrates, hippie things were important connectors to both the global counterculture (via symbolic alignment of exterior markers) and the world of late socialism, whose weaknesses hippies used to their advantage. At the same time hippies started to spin around things an elaborate ideology, which as a fashion survived their own existence.
Gerla
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter is both a discussion of the specific experience of Soviet hippie women and a reflection of my role as a female and Western interviewer vis-à-vis questions relating to Soviet feminism and emancipation. It begins with a female-centred history of Soviet hippie history and proceeds to discuss female narratives as revealing a different picture of hippiedom than male narratives. The chapter continues with a discussion of the physical and ideological difficulty of ageing for Soviet hippie women, who, more than their male counterparts, were forced to decide for or against a countercultural lifestyle, when children appeared. Their earlier withdrawal and higher connectedness to the mainstream diminished their place in hippie collective memory. It concludes with an evaluation of the absence of second wave feminism in the Soviet hippie scene and the difficulty of translating Western expectations of women’s emancipation into a Soviet context.
Conclusion
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This concluding chapter summarizes the central claims of the book. Additionally, it argues that the HPC natural-kind view about free actions has the resources to address various empirical threats to free will. For example, Neil Levy has argued that recent findings about how implicit biases affect actions threatens free will and moral responsibility. However, the natural-kind view defuses this threat, including Levy’s version of it. The chapter also shows how the natural-kind view can shed light on emerging questions about whether artificially intelligent agents might ever act freely or be responsible for their actions, and if so in what sense. Finally, the chapter sketches some findings indicating that folk thinking may actually assume something like the natural-kind view.
Cumulative most
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen , Giurgea Ion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn German, Scandinavian, and Basque, proportional most can combine not only with count plural NPs but also with mass NPs, and correlatively allows collective predicates in the nuclear scope. After arguing against Hackl’s and Hoeksema’s superlative-based analyses, we propose that this “cumulative” most (mostcum) is a quantificational determiner, which nevertheless differs from mostdist: whereas mostdist compares the cardinalities of two sets, mostcum compares the measures of two entities. The analysis is extended to the proportional reading of more in Bulgarian. We also examined majority quantifiers that are not morphologically related to the superlative of many/much but nevertheless show the distribution of mostcum: Japanese hotondo and Chinese dabufen. This chapter is theoretically interesting for at least two reasons: it deals with the under-studied area of mass quantification, and attempts an explanation for the correlation between (in)definiteness and the various readings of most (superlative, distributive proportional quantifier, cumulative proportional quantifier).
Majority quantifiers based on nouns
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen , Giurgea Ion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrings of the type the largest/larger part or (the) large part, together with majority nouns, are the most widespread means of expressing majority judgments. We take this to constitute evidence in favor of a compositional analysis, which builds the majority reading by combining the superlative form of the adjective large (or the comparative or positive forms, in some languages) with the functional noun part, which introduces an unspecified binary partition. We propose a possible extension of this analysis to abstract nouns of the majority type. We also discuss a peculiar type of relative superlative reading allowed by majority nouns (in addition to their majority reading), which is identical to the one observed by Kotek et al. (2011) for most of in English. We finally offer three case studies for the majority quantifiers found in Hindi, Latin, and Syrian Arabic.
A Tale of Two Doctrines
Authors: Basu Rima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, Basu argues that morality might bear on belief in at least two conceptually distinct ways. The first is that morality might bear on belief by bearing on questions of justification. The claim that it does is the doctrine of moral encroachment. The second is that morality might bear on belief given the central role belief plays in mediating, and thereby constituting, our relationships with one another. The claim that it does is the doctrine of doxastic wronging. Though conceptually distinct, the two doctrines overlap in important ways. This chapter provides clarification on the relationship between the two, providing reasons throughout that we should accept both.