bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities and functional genes
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Qin Xiao–Meng , Tian Xue–Ping , Yang Tao , Deng Rong , Huang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and the main raw material of various Chinese patent medicines. Continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) is the main factor leading to the decline of crop yields and quality.

Methods
Metagenomics sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community and functional genes of continuous cropping (CC) and control (CK) soils of P. ternata. In addition, differences in physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community composition and the abundance of functional genes in CC and CK were evaluated, as well as the relationship between these factors and CCO.

Results
Results indicated that CC of P. ternata led to the decline of rhizosphere soil pH, nutrient imbalance and enzyme activity reduction. Metagenomic analysis indicted that CC also changed the composition of the microbial community, causing an increase in the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pectobacterium carotovorum in the P. ternata rhizosphere. The relative abundance of potentially beneficial Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium was recorded to decrease. Results also showed that there were considerable differences in CC and CK about the abundances of functional genes related to soil enzymes and the degradation of P. ternata allelochemicals, as well as the microbial groups which they belong. These results clarified the effects of CC on the microbial community structure and functional genes of soil. In addition, Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium might play important roles in enhancing soil fertility and reducing the toxicity of phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil.

Conclusions
CC of P. ternata changed the physicochemical properties, microbial community and functional genes of rhizosphere soil. Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium for enhancing soil fertility and reducing the toxicity of phenolic acids might be potentially beneficial. These results provide theoretical guidance for bioremediation of CCO soil of P. ternata and other staple crops.

Graphic abstract
Modeling the coseismic groundwater level increase in the Oi well, central Japan
Authors: Li Yang , Itadera Kazuhiro , Harada Masatake , Ukawa Motoo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA model for coseismic groundwater level increase is presented for understanding hydrological responses of wells to seismic waves. Three types of coseismic groundwater level changes were observed in six wells 300–500 m in depth, operated by the Hot Spring Research Institute of Kanagawa Prefecture, central Japan. The first change was a sustained increase uniquely appearing at the Oi well. The second, a sustained decrease observed at most wells following the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, and the third was an oscillatory response appearing in all six wells. In this study, we focused on the first response at the Oi well. We analyzed digital data at 1-Hz sampling rate of 12 events including shallow and deep earthquakes, and local to remote earthquakes from 2011 to 2016. There were 11 earthquakes which generated a sustained increase in the groundwater level in the Oi well from 5 to 10 cm. The time series of the sustained increase in the Oi well was well approximated by the decaying exponential function, characterized by a time constant ranging from 156 to 363 s. The slug test model for radial flow adequately represents the time curves observed in the Oi well, for which possible values of specific storage and hydraulic conductivity were used. The success of the application of the slug test model indicates a sudden increase in pore-pressure in the aquifer surrounding the well during the passage of seismic waves. We examined several candidates for the cause of the earthquake-triggered pore-pressure increase around the Oi well. We found that the poroelastic static strain change due to earthquake is not suitable for the sustained groundwater level increase at the Oi well. Qualitative examination suggests that following three models possibly explain the observed buildup times at the Oi well, but that all of them are not definitive: (a) permeability change due to barrier removal on the fracture surface, (b) undrained consolidation, and (c) gas bubble nucleation and growth.
The test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and minimal detectable change of the L test in patients with total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Özden Fatih , Coşkun Gökhan , Bakırhan Serkan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The L test is a modified version of the timed up and go test (TUG) with an L-shaped walking path. The L test is more extensive than other performance tests, especially in turn direction and specific tasks. The study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and minimal detectable change of the L test in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 33 unilateral and primary THA patients. The L test was performed twice with an interval of an hour on the same day for the test-retest reliability. Timed up and go test (TUG), five times sit to stand test (FTST), and Harris hip score (HHS) were carried out for the analysis of the concurrent validity of the L test.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 74.6 ± 10.3 years. The ICC score of the L test was 0.992. Test-retest reliability was excellent. SEM95 and MDC95 values were 3.39 and 9.39, respectively. Both TUG and HHS were strongly correlated with the L test (r1 = 0.889, r2 = −0.568, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between FTST and L test (r = 0.024, p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The L test is valid and reliable performance measurement in patients with primary unilateral THA. MDC95 of the L test is an essential reference for clinicians in the rehabilitation follow-up process of THA patients.
“The Primacy of the Object”: Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory and the Return of Form
Authors: Geulen Eva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article assesses Theodor W. Adorno’s relevance today by engaging contemporary interests in form that have led to a surprising renaissance of his thought in recent years (in Tilo Wesche and Josh Robinson, among others). Comparing and contrasting this most recent focus with older trajectories of reception, the article suggests that Adorno’s concept of form is not as easily dislodged from its theoretical moorings as recent appropriations tend to argue: his insistence on form as what rigorously (and painfully) demarcates an artwork from its surrounding contexts is perhaps an antidote to current all-inclusive conceptualizations of form.
Physical Activity Interventions for Racial and Ethnic Minority Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zacks Benjamin , Calhoun Kristen , Montez Kimberly , Brown Callie , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Pediatric obesity is a growing epidemic, and children of ethnic or racial minority background are at greatest risk. The purpose of this review is to identify disparities in PA levels among racial and ethnic minority children and identify successful interventions. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) for the following mesh terms: population groups, obesity, child, infant, adolescent, exercise, or sports. Studies were included if written in English and reported on racial and ethnic families, physical activity (PA) parameters, and children <18 yr. Studies were excluded for lack of comparison with national recommendations or another racial group. Three main categories of studies (N = 24) were found: (a) assessment of PA levels by race/ethnicity, (b) analysis of PA interventions, and (c) parental influences on child PA. A variety of methods were used to measure the amount of PA. Studies using measured objective data for PA levels generally found no difference among races and ethnicities, whereas studies using self-reported PA levels suggested differences among them. The common strategies used in most successful interventions were tailoring activities to the specific target population, including family members, and making the activities enjoyable. Studies also indicated that parental behaviors were strongly associated with the behaviors of their children. The studies included in this systematic review suggest that children of racial and ethnic minority backgrounds may perform less PA than other populations and national recommendations. However, there are several different types of interventions and strategies that can increase PA in these children.
Virtual clinics in foot and ankle surgery: patient and clinician perceptions
Authors: Rhind J-H , Devany A , Ramhamadany E , Ismael S , Heaver C , Hill S 
Published: August 2021

Background The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has led to the popularisation of ‘virtual’ clinics. In orthopaedics, little is known about the use of virtual clinics within foot and ankle surgery, specifically. Methods A cross-sectional observation study of patients and clinicians in response to virtual clinics in foot and ankle surgery. Patients seen in a virtual clinic were contacted by telephone from two weeks after their consultation and asked to complete a 12-point questionnaire. Demographic information was also collected. Clinicians in foot and ankle completed a 10-point questionnaire. Results One hundred patient responses were collected. Patient satisfaction with virtual clinics was positive, with 65% of respondents reporting they were very happy (Likert scale rating 5). More than 90% of patients felt they received enough information, felt involved, felt the virtual clinic was helpful and knew who to contact if there was a problem. However, 79% would still prefer a face-to-face consultation, and 22% would have preferred a video consultation. Clinician responses were more cautious, with 60% stating they were neither happy nor unhappy (Likert scale rating 3). Virtual clinics may be faster for the clinician. Conclusions Virtual clinics may be more convenient for patients, with high satisfaction levels reported, but represent significant clinical challenges for foot and ankle surgeons. Elements of virtual clinics may persist post pandemic, particularly in routine follow-up. Virtual clinics are not appropriate for new patient referrals.
A spatio-temporal analysis of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Laos; implications from changing landscapes and climate
Authors: Roberts Tamalee , Parker Daniel M. , Bulterys Philip L. , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Elliott Ivo , Phommasone Koukeo , Mayxay Mayfong , Chansamouth Vilada , Robinson Matthew T. , Blacksell Stuart D. , Newton Paul N. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Scrub typhus (ST) and murine typhus (MT) are common but poorly understood causes of fever in Laos. We examined the spatial and temporal distribution of ST and MT, with the intent of informing interventions to prevent and control both diseases.

Methodology and principle findings
This study included samples submitted from 2003 to 2017 to Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, for ST and MT investigation. Serum samples were tested using IgM rapid diagnostic tests. Patient demographic data along with meteorological and environmental data from Laos were analysed.
Approximately 17% of patients were positive for either ST (1,337/8,150 patients tested) or MT (1,283/7,552 patients tested). While both diseases occurred in inhabitants from Vientiane Capital, from the univariable analysis MT was positively and ST negatively associated with residence in Vientiane Capital. ST was highly seasonal, with cases two times more likely to occur during the wet season months of July-September compared to the dry season whilst MT peaked in the dry season. Multivariable regression analysis linked ST incidence to fluctuations in relative humidity whereas MT was linked to variation in temperature. Patients with ST infection were more likely to come from villages with higher levels of surface flooding and vegetation in the 16 days leading up to diagnosis.

Conclusions
The data suggest that as cities expand, high risk areas for MT will also expand. With global heating and risks of attendant higher precipitation, these data suggest that the incidence and spatial distribution of both MT and ST will increase.
The attributes of the images representing the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus affect people’s perception of the virus
Authors: Andreu-Sánchez Celia , Martín-Pascual Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2021

Background
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has seen an explosion of coronavirus-related information. In many cases, this information was supported by images representing the SARS-CoV-2.

Aim
To evaluate how attributes of images representing the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that were used in the initial phase of the coronavirus crisis in 2020 influenced the public’s perceptions.

Methods
We have carried out an in-depth survey using 46 coronavirus images, asking individuals how beautiful, scientific, realistic, infectious, scary and didactic they appeared to be.

Results
We collected 91,908 responses, obtaining 15,315 associations for each category. While the reference image of SARS-CoV-2 used in the media is a three-dimensional, colour, illustration, we found that illustrations of the coronavirus were perceived as beautiful but not very realistic, scientific or didactic. By contrast, black and white coronavirus images are thought to be the opposite. The beauty of coronavirus images was negatively correlated with the perception of scientific realism and didactic value.

Conclusion
Given these effects and the consequences on the individual’s perception, it is important to evaluate the influence that different images of SARS-CoV-2 may have on the population.
The gut microbiome in sickle cell disease: Characterization and potential implications
Authors: Brim Hassan , Taylor James , Abbas Muneer , Vilmenay Kimberly , Daremipouran Mohammad , Varma Sudhir , Lee Edward , Pace Betty , Song-Naba Waogwende L. , Gupta Kalpna , Nekhai Sergei , O’Neil Patricia , Ashktorab Hassan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that leads to hemolytic anemia, pain, organ damage and early mortality. It is characterized by polymerized deoxygenated hemoglobin, rigid sickle red blood cells and vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). Recurrent hypoxia-reperfusion injury in the gut of SCD patients could increase tissue injury, permeability, and bacterial translocation. In this context, the gut microbiome, a major player in health and disease, might have significant impact. This study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in SCD.MethodsStool and saliva samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 14) and SCD subjects (n = 14). Stool samples were also collected from humanized SCD murine models including Berk, Townes and corresponding control mice. Amplified 16S rDNA was used for bacterial composition analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Pairwise group analyses established differential bacterial groups at many taxonomy levels. Bacterial group abundance and differentials were established using DeSeq software.ResultsA major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was lower in these patients. The following bacterial families were more abundant in SCD patients: Acetobacteraceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Peptostreptococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Actinomycetaceae, Clostridiales, Bacteroidacbactereae and Fusobacteriaceae. This dysbiosis translated into 420 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Townes SCD mice also displayed gut microbiome dysbiosis as seen in human SCD.ConclusionA major dysbiosis was observed in SCD patients for bacteria that are known strong pro-inflammatory triggers. The Townes mouse showed dysbiosis as well and might serve as a good model to study gut microbiome modulation and its impact on SCD pathophysiology.
Role of circulating angiogenin levels in portal hypertension and TIPS
Authors: Queck Alexander , Uschner Frank E. , Ferstl Philip G. , Schulz Martin , Brol Maximilian J. , Praktiknjo Michael , Schierwagen Robert , Klein Sabine , Strassburg Christian P. , Meyer Carsten , Jansen Christian , Berres Marie-Luise , Trebicka Jonel 
Published: August 2021

Background
Pathogenesis of portal hypertension is multifactorial and includes pathologic intrahepatic angiogenesis, whereby TIPS insertion is an effective therapy of portal hypertension associated complications. While angiogenin is a potent contributor to angiogenesis in general, little is known about its impact on TIPS function over time.

Methods
In a total of 118 samples from 47 patients, angiogenin concentrations were measured in portal and inferior caval vein plasma at TIPS insertion (each blood compartment n = 23) or angiographic intervention after TIPS (each blood compartment n = 36) and its relationship with patient outcome was investigated.

Results
Angiogenin levels in the inferior caval vein were significantly higher compared to the portal vein (P = 0.048). Ten to 14 days after TIPS, inferior caval vein angiogenin level correlated inversely with the portal systemic pressure gradient (P<0.001), measured invasively during control angiography. Moreover, patients with TIPS revision during this angiography, showed significantly lower angiogenin level in the inferior caval vein compared to patients without TIPS dysfunction (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
In cirrhosis patients with complications of severe portal hypertension, circulating levels of angiogenin are derived from the injured liver. Moreover, angiogenin levels in the inferior caval vein after TIPS may predict TIPS dysfunction.
Pancreatitis After Pancreaticojejunostomy Procedure? A Tale Involving the Tail of the Pancreas
Authors: Aggarwal Manik , Cartabuke Richard H. , Simons-Linares Carlos Roberto 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) involving the tail of the pancreas after pancreaticojejunosotomy (PJP) is rare, has very challenging management, and there is minimal literature. We describe a case of idiopathic RAP, complicated with chronic pancreatitis that failed medical and endoscopic management and required PJP. Unfortunately, RAP recurred after PJP, and we describe his clinical course and management.
Sirolimus for the Treatment of Juvenile Polyposis in Childhood
Authors: Martín-Masot Rafael , Cardelo Autero Nerea , Ortiz Pérez Pilar , Torcuato Rubio Encarnación , Vázquez Pedreño Luis , Gallego Fernández Carmen , Blasco-Alonso Javier , Navas-López Víctor Manuel 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is a rare disease with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern characterized by the development of multiple hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent signs and symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, anemia, and iron deficiency. The treatment of JPS is symptomatic, requiring serial endoscopic polypectomies or intestinal resections in the most severe cases. We describe the clinical case of a patient with JPS with a childhood juvenile polyposis phenotype because of a mutation on the SMAD4 gene, who received treatment with sirolimus successfully.
Multiorgan Dysfunction Related to Kratom Ingestion
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zarrar , Saleh Mohannad Abou , Alkhayyat Motasem , Roberts Daniel E. , Lindenmeyer Christina C. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Consumption of herbal supplements has been linked to multiorgan toxicities. Kratom is an herbal extract that has gained popularity for its analgesic and psychotropic properties. Several cases of kratom-induced liver injury have been reported, but data on multiorgan involvement remain scarce. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman who developed a mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic pattern of acute liver injury, acute kidney injury, and pancolitis after prolonged use of kratom-containing herbal supplements.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Zhu Wei , Huang Xinjie , Lin Dongqun , Lin Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The benefit of immunochemotherapy in treating resectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well established. Here, we report a case of resectable stage III NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy before surgery. A 61 years old man was admitted to our hospital due to paroxysmal cough and was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma T4N2M0 in the upper lobe of the right lung, which was locally advanced and resectable. He was treated with 3 courses of paclitaxel 250 mg intravenous (IV), carboplatin 0.65 g IV, and durvalumab 620 mg IV followed by thoracoscopic upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection. There was considerable regression of the tumor before surgery, and the patient achieved a complete pathological response after surgery. Our case study demonstrates the benefit of durvalumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of resectable locally advanced NSCLC.
Local-to-global Urysohn width estimates
Authors: Balitskiy Alexey , Berdnikov Aleksandr 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The notion of the Urysohn d-width measures to what extent a metric space can be approximated by a d-dimensional simplicial complex. We investigate how local Urysohn width bounds on a Riemannian manifold affect its global width. We bound the 1-width of a Riemannian manifold in terms of its first homology and the supremal width of its unit balls. Answering a question of Larry Guth, we give examples of n-manifolds of considerable

(

n
-
1

)

{(n-1)}

-width in which all unit balls have arbitrarily small 1-width. We also give examples of topologically simple manifolds that are locally nearly low-dimensional.
Rare-earth doped radioluminescent hydrogel as a potential phantom material for 3D gel dosimeter
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Junhui , Tu Jiali , Zhou Xiaoxi , Sun Jiamin , Chen Jian , Wen Wanxin , Wang Yanfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer prevention and treatment are currently the focus of most research. Dose verification is an important step for reducing the improper dose deposition during radiotherapy. To mend the traditional gel dosimeters for 3D dose verification, a novel rare-earth nanoparticle-based composite gel was prepared, which has good radioluminescence property and reusability. It is a promising phantom material for the new 3D gel dosimeter. TEM, DLS, FT-IR, TGA, and spectrofluorometer were used to determine the chemical structure, micromorphology, and optical performance. Compared to the traditional gel dosimeters, the composite gel has a good linear relationship between the light intensity excited by X-ray and the tube current. Furthermore, it may measure the dose distribution immediatelyin situ, which reduces errors and saves time. This work provides a new idea for the research of 3D gel dosimeters and promotes the safe and effective use of radiotherapy.