bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of marine fish thermal habitat models to fishery data sources
Authors: Nazzaro Laura , Slesinger Emily , Kohut Josh , Saba Grace K. , Saba Vincent S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStatistical models built using different data sources and methods can exhibit conflicting patterns. We used the northern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) as a case study to assess the impacts of using different fisheries data sources and laboratory‐derived physiological metrics in the development of thermal habitat models for marine fishes. We constructed thermal habitat models using generalized additive models (GAMs) based on various fisheries datasets as input, including the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom trawl surveys, various inshore fisheries‐independent trawl surveys (state waters), NEFSC fisheries‐dependent observer data, and laboratory‐based physiological metrics. We compared each model's GAM response curve and coupled them to historical ocean conditions in the U.S. Northeast Shelf using bias‐corrected ocean temperature output from a regional ocean model. Thermal habitat models based on shelf‐wide data (NEFSC fisheries‐dependent observer data and fisheries‐independent spring and fall surveys) explained the most variation in black sea bass presence/absence data at ~15% deviance explained. Models based on a narrower range of sampled thermal habitat from inshore survey data in the Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (NEAMAP) and the geographically isolated Long Island Sound data performed poorly. All models had similar lower thermal limits around 8.5℃, but thermal optima, when present, ranged from 16.7 to 24.8℃. The GAMs could reliably predict habitat from years excluded from model training, but due to strong seasonal temperature fluctuations in the region, could not be used to predict habitat in seasons excluded from training. We conclude that survey data source can greatly impact development and interpretation of thermal habitat models for marine fishes. We suggest that model development be based on data sources that sample the widest range of ocean temperature and physical habitat throughout multiple seasons when possible, and encourage thorough consideration of how data gaps may influence model uncertainty.
Conventional wisdom on roosting behavior of Australian flying‐foxes—A critical review, and evaluation using new data
Authors: Lunn Tamika J. , Eby Peggy , Brooks Remy , McCallum Hamish , Plowright Raina K. , Kessler Maureen K. , Peel Alison J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Fruit bats (Family: Pteropodidae) are animals of great ecological and economic importance, yet their populations are threatened by ongoing habitat loss and human persecution. A lack of ecological knowledge for the vast majority of Pteropodid species presents additional challenges for their conservation and management.

In Australia, populations of flying‐fox species (Genus: Pteropus) are declining and management approaches are highly contentious. Australian flying‐fox roosts are exposed to management regimes involving habitat modification, through human–wildlife conflict management policies, or vegetation restoration programs. Details on the fine‐scale roosting ecology of flying‐foxes are not sufficiently known to provide evidence‐based guidance for these regimes, and the impact on flying‐foxes of these habitat modifications is poorly understood.

We seek to identify and test commonly held understandings about the roosting ecology of Australian flying‐foxes to inform practical recommendations and guide and refine management practices at flying‐fox roosts.

We identify 31 statements relevant to understanding of flying‐fox roosting structure and synthesize these in the context of existing literature. We then contribute a contemporary, fine‐scale dataset on within‐roost structure to further evaluate 11 of these statements. The new dataset encompasses 13‐monthly repeat measures from 2,522 spatially referenced roost trees across eight sites in southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales.

We show evidence of sympatry and indirect competition between species, including spatial segregation of black and grey‐headed flying‐foxes within roosts and seasonal displacement of both species by little red flying‐foxes. We demonstrate roost‐specific annual trends in occupancy and abundance and provide updated demographic information including the spatial and temporal distributions of males and females within roosts.

Insights from our systematic and quantitative study will be important to guide evidence‐based recommendations on restoration and management and will be crucial for the implementation of priority recovery actions for the preservation of these species in the future.
Spatial conservation prioritization for the Amur tiger in Northeast China
Authors: Long Zexu , Gu Jiayin , Jiang Guangshun , Holyoak Marcel , Wang Guiming , Bao Heng , Liu Peiqi , Zhang Minghai , Ma Jianzhang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is critically endangered and also the subspecies of the tiger with the most restoration potential in China. It is challenging to protect large‐ranging carnivores like tigers under increasing pressure of human development. To provide a more technically robust foundation for tiger habitat conservation prioritization, we conducted a comprehensively empirical analysis based on a broadly collected occurrence dataset of tigers and their prey. We modeled tiger distribution by running an ensemble model integrating nine different algorithms. We found that the ensemble model performed well and outperformed any individual model regarding the discrimination ability. We used cumulative resistant kernel analysis to identify core habitats as with high predicted movement density and used factorial least‐cost paths to model corridors among tiger occurrence locations. We found that core habitats for Amur tigers are distributed in three mountain areas, namely, eastern Wanda Mountain, southern Zhangguangcailing, and Laoyeling‐Dalongling. We found significant protection gaps as existing protected areas only cover less than one‐fourth of predicted core habitats, but this proportion will rise significantly with the establishment of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park. Furthermore, we ranked spatial priorities for the expansion of the protected area network, simultaneously considering biological and socioeconomic dimensions under the Zonation framework. Our study presented the most up‐to‐date and detailed maps of the predicted potential distribution and area of the most important habitats for the Amur tigers in China, which can provide quantitative guidance in the effort to maximize the efficiency of conservation initiatives at a regional scale.
Re‐do MitraClip in patients with functional mitral valve regurgitation and advanced heart failure
Authors: Kreusser Michael M. , Weber Andreas , Geis Nicolas A. , Grossekettler Leonie , Volz Martin J. , Hamed Sonja , Katus Hugo A. , Pleger Sven T. , Frey Norbert , Raake Philip W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimPercutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) via MitraClip implantation is a therapeutic option for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in advanced stages of heart failure (HF). However, progressive left ventricular dilation in these patients may lead to recurrent MR after PMVR and consequent re‐do MitraClip implantation. Here, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of this clinical scenario.Methods and resultsPatients with systolic HF and functional MR undergoing a re‐do MitraClip procedure were retrospectively analysed. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, technical, device and procedural success at first MitraClip procedure, functional MR and systolic HF with an ejection fraction (EF) of <45%. Seventeen out of 684 patients undergoing PMVR with the MitraClip device at our institution between September 2009 and July 2019 were included. All patients displayed advanced HF with an EF of 20% (±9.9) and highly elevated N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide. Technical success of the re‐do MitraClip procedure was 100%, whereas procedural and device success were only achieved in 11 patients (65%). Unsuccessful re‐do procedures were related to lower EF and implantation of more than one clip at initial procedure. However, despite reduction in MR grade and no occurrence of significant mitral stenosis after the procedure, the mortality during 12 months follow‐up remained high (8 of 17; 47%).ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients with advanced HF undergoing PMVR, re‐do MitraClip procedure was feasible, but procedural success was unsatisfactory and morbidity and mortality remained high, possibly reflecting the advanced stage of HF in these patients.
Suppression of acute heart failure rehospitalization by biventricular pacing in wide QRS and mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Akamine Koshiro , Kondo Hidekazu , Yonezu Keisuke , Hirota Kei , Tawara Katsunori , Kodama Nozomi , Abe Ichitaro , Fukuda Tomoko , Yufu Kunio , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a 66‐year‐old male patient with heart failure, mid‐range ejection fraction and QRS widening suffering from recurrent hospitalization due to acute heart failure. We measured intra‐cardiac pressure by cardiac catheterization to clearly demonstrate the augmentation of afterload by a vasoconstricting drug induced increase of left ventricular end‐diastolic blood pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with pulmonary arterial V‐wave augmentation (indicator of worsening of mitral regurgitation). Because the patient was considered as refractory to optimal medication, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was performed. After CRT implantation, these factors were improved, and the patient has not experienced recurrent hospitalization for >2 years.
Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhu Yuankang , Hu Zijing , Wu Shengjie , Jin Chengtao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously, beetroot is mainly consumed as a food additive. In recent years, the beetroot, especially the betalains (betanin) and nitrates it contains, now has received increasing attention for their effective biological activity. Betalains have been proven to eliminate oxidative and nitrative stress by scavenging DPPH, preventing DNA damage, and reducing LDL. It also has been found to exert antitumor activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, inducing cell apoptosis, and autophagy. In some chronic diseases, nitrate is the main component for lowing blood lipids, glucose, and pressure, while its role in treating hypertension and hyperglycemia has not been clearly stated. Moreover, the intake of nitrate‐rich beetroot could enhance athletic performance and attenuate muscle soreness in certain types of exercise. The objective of this review is to provide sufficient evidence for the clarification of health benefits of beetroot, especially in the aspect of biooxidation, neoplastic diseases, some chronic diseases, and energy supplementation.
Fundamental questions on central counterparties: A review of the literature
Authors: Berndsen Ron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCentral counterparties (CCPs) function as financial infrastructures for capital markets in derivatives. They are designed to reduce aggregate counterparty credit risk. Although CCPs have existed for well over a century, they have only gained prominence after the Great Financial Crisis compelled the G20 to implement the mandatory clearing policy to make over‐the‐counter derivative transactions safer. This has led to a boom in CCP literature, 60% of which has been published in the last 5 years. This article provides a review of the literature on derivative CCPs focusing on some fundamental topics regarding the raison d'être, resilience, and governance of the CCP.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 is necessary to induce toll‐like receptor‐mediated microglial activation
Authors: Reusch Nico , Ravichandran Kishore Aravind , Olabiyi Bolanle Fatimat , Komorowska‐Müller Joanna Agnieszka , Hansen Jan N. , Ulas Thomas , Beyer Marc , Zimmer Andreas , Schmöle Anne‐Caroline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe tight regulation of microglia activity is key for precise responses to potential threats, while uncontrolled and exacerbated microglial activity is neurotoxic. Microglial toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are indispensable for sensing different types of assaults and triggering an innate immune response. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) signaling is a key pathway to control microglial homeostasis and activation, and its activation is connected to changes in microglial activity. We aimed to investigate how CB2 signaling impacts TLR‐mediated microglial activation. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of CB2 causes a dampened transcriptional response to prototypic TLR ligands in microglia. Loss of CB2 results in distinct microglial gene expression profiles, morphology, and activation. We show that the CB2‐mediated attenuation of TLR‐induced microglial activation is mainly p38 MAPK‐dependent. Taken together, we demonstrate that CB2 expression and signaling are necessary to fine‐tune TLR‐induced activation programs in microglia.
Gray matter asymmetry in asymptomatic carotid stenosis
Authors: Gao Lei , Xiao Yaqiong , Xu Haibo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEven clinically “asymptomatic” carotid stenosis is associated with multidomain cognitive impairment, gray matter (GM) atrophy, and silent lesion. However, the links between them remain unclear. Using structural MRI data, we examined GM asymmetry index (AI) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in 24 patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis (SACS), 24 comorbidity‐matched controls, and independent samples of 84 elderly controls and 22 young adults. As compared to controls, SACS patients showed worse verbal memories, higher WMH burden, and right‐lateralized GM in posterior middle temporal and mouth‐somatomotor regions. These clusters extended to pars triangularis, lateral temporal, and cerebellar regions, when compared with young adults. Further, a full‐path of WMH burden (X), GM volume (atrophy, M1), AI (asymmetry, M2), and neuropsychological variables (Y) through a serial mediation model was analyzed. This analysis identified that left‐dominated GM atrophy and right‐lateralized asymmetry in the posterior middle temporal cortex mediated the relationship between WMH burden and recall memory in SACS patients. These results suggest that the unbalanced hemispheric atrophy in the posterior middle temporal cortex is crucial to mediating relationship between WMH burden and verbal recall memories, which may underlie accelerated aging and cognitive deterioration in patients with SACS and other vascular cognitive impairment.
Treatment trends for advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the era of human papillomavirus
Authors: Mirza Faris A. , Johnson Christopher Z. , Byrd James Kenneth , Albergotti William Greer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundGiven recent increase in prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and advances in surgical capabilities, we sought to determine whether a change in frequency of surgery‐based treatment for locally advanced OPSCC has occurred.MethodsPatients with T3‐T4b OPSCC in the National Cancer Database diagnosed from 2010 to 2016 were categorized as receiving primary surgery or radiation‐based therapy and stratified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Trends in treatment selection and factors associated with treatment type were examined.Results6566 patients with HPV‐positive were included, of whom 489 (7.45%) received surgery and 4698 patients with HPV‐negative, of whom 362 (7.71%) received surgery. The percentage of patients treated with surgery decreased from 11.8% to 5.9% for HPV‐positive disease and from 9.8% to 6.3% for HPV‐negative disease. Factors associated with surgery included younger age, health insurance, and treatment at academic centers.ConclusionsIn HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative disease, the percentage of locally advanced OPSCC undergoing surgery‐based therapy has decreased.
NOD/scid IL‐2Rγnull mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn's disease reflect the human pathological phenotype
Authors: Unterweger Anna‐Lena , Rüscher Alena , Seuß Marietta , Winkelmann Paula , Beigel Florian , Koletzko Leandra , Breiteneicher Simone , Siebeck Matthias , Gropp Roswitha , Aszodi Attila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCrohn's disease (CD) is characterized by pronounced intestinal fibrosis and severe mucosal damage and conventional animal models are limited to reflect these pathological manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine whether the combination of patient immune‐profiling and preclinical studies in a mouse model based on NOD/scid IL‐2Rγnull (NSG) reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CD patients has the capacity to harmonize ex vivo human and in vivo animal studies.MethodsImmunological profiles of CD (n = 24) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (n = 47) were established by flow cytometry of subgroups of immune cells and subjected to hierarchical cluster and estimation graphics analyses. Pathological phenotypes of NSG mice, which were reconstituted with PBMC from CD, UC, and non‐IBD donors (NSG‐CD, NSG‐UC, and NSG‐non‐IBD) were compared. Readouts were the clinical, colon, and histological scores; subtypes of immune cells from spleen and colon; and levels of inflammatory markers, such as c‐reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐3, transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFß), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Fibrocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry in colonic sections.ResultsCD patients were significantly clustered in a group characterized by increased levels of TH1, TH2 cells, and decreased levels of CD14+ CD163+ monocytes (p = .003). In contrast to NSG‐UC mice, NSG‐CD mice exhibited an immune‐remodeling phenotype characterized by enhanced collagen deposition, elevated levels of CD14+ CD163+ monocytes, HGF, and TGFß. This phenotype was further corroborated by the presence of human fibrocytes as components of fibrotic areas.ConclusionThe NSG‐CD model partially reflects the human disease and allows for studying the development of fibrosis.
Long‐term effects of obesity on COVID‐19 patients discharged from hospital
Authors: Shang Luorui , Wang Li , Zhou Fangyuan , Li Jinxiao , Liu Yuhan , Yang Shenglan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionObesity has been reported as a risk factor for COVID‐19 prognosis. However, the long‐term effects of obesity on patients discharged from the hospital are unclear, and the present study aims to address this issue.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were discharged from Wuhan Union Hospital between February 20, 2020, and March 20, 2020. The 118 patients with COVID‐19 were divided into the non‐obesity group and the obesity group according to their body mass index (BMI). All the patients were invited to fill out a series of scales to assess cardiopulmonary function. Data on population baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest computed tomography (CT), and lung function were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe clinical manifestations and pathological changes on CT images of obese patients were more serious after discharge than those of non‐obese patients. In addition, we found significant abnormalities in metabolic indicators such as blood lipids, uric acid, and liver function in obese patients. Most importantly, the antibody titer of COVID‐19 obese patients was inversely correlated with BMI.ConclusionIn the long term, obesity affects clinical manifestations, immune function and endocrine metabolism in patients discharged after recovering from COVID‐19.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection shortly after BNT162b2 vaccination results in high anti‐spike antibody levels in nursing home residents and staff
Authors: Urlaub Doris , Wolfsdorff Natalie , Durak Deniz , Renken Frank , Watzl Carsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOne dose of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine can elicit high antibody titers in individuals who were previously infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, it is unclear how a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection shortly after a first COVID‐19 vaccine dose affects antibody responses.MethodsHere we investigate residents and staff of a nursing home, where a COVID‐19 outbreak occurred shortly after the first BNT162b2 immunization.Results and ConclusionsOur data show that individuals who got infected as early as 10 days after their first immunization show antibody levels comparable to fully vaccinated individuals.
Association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric atrophy with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction in Taixing, China
Authors: Gao Peipei , Cai Ning , Yang Xiaorong , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Tiejun , Lu Ming , Jin Li , Ye Weimin , Suo Chen , Chen Xingdong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGastric atrophy caused by Helicobacter pylori infection was suggested to influence the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEGJ), however, the evidence remains limited. We aimed to examine the associations of H. pylori infection and gastric atrophy (defined using serum pepsinogen [PG] I to PGII ratio) with AEGJ risk, based on a population‐based case‐control study in Taixing, China (2010‐2014), with 349 histopathologically confirmed AEGJ cases and 1859 controls. We explored the potential effect modification by H. pylori serostatus and sex on the association of serum PGs with AEGJ risk. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). H. pylori seropositivity was associated with an elevated AEGJ risk (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.47‐2.63). Neither CagA‐positive nor VacA‐positive strains dramatically changed this association. Gastric atrophy (PGI/PGII ratio ≤4) was positively associated with AEGJ risk (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.72‐3.22). The fully adjusted ORs for AEGJ progressively increased with the increasing levels of PGII (P‐trend <.001). H. pylori showed nonsignificant effect modification (P‐interaction = .385) on the association of gastric atrophy with AEGJ. In conclusion, H. pylori and gastric atrophy were positively associated with AEGJ risk. These results may contribute evidence to the ongoing research on gastric atrophy‐related cancers and guide the prevention and control of AEGJ.
Endoscopic laser treatment for urine leakage caused by an isolated calyx after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Isoyama Naohito , Ozawa Sho , Kobayashi Keita , Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Yano Seiji , Hirata Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionAn isolated calyx is a rare complication in which the renal calyx and pelvis are disconnected. The treatment is often complicated.Case presentationAn 81‐year‐old man underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (cT1bN0M0). Postoperatively, urine leakage was observed and did not improve with conservative measures. Retrograde pyelography and computed tomography revealed that urine leakage originated from the isolated calyx caused by infundibular stenosis. Endoscopic treatment via the transurethral approach was selected to preserve renal function. Ureteroscopy showed that the upper calyx was completely obstructed by the sutures. Therefore, we cut the suture thread using laser, and a ureteral stent was placed in the upper renal calyx. Fluid drainage immediately disappeared after the procedure, and the patient did not lose renal function.ConclusionEndoscopic management might be an option for isolated calyx after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy.