bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Optical‐Thermal Responsive Intelligent Glass Realized by Hydrated Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide) Film
Authors: Tang Shuangxi , Sang Xiao , Zhu Shicai , Ma Liran , Tian Yu , Luo Jianbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlass is widely applied in fields of architecture, automobiles, optics and instruments due to its light transmission, wind resistance, sound and heat insulation. However, the light transmittance of traditional glass cannot change after the glass is formed, which limits the practicability of glass. In this study, an intelligent glass that can quickly and freely switch between transparency and opacity based on an optical‐thermal responsive hydrated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) film triggered by white light, infrared light, and direct thermal stimuli is developed. The fastest response time is ≈21 s under white light or 5 s by hand touch. A fatigue test of 250 cycles showed no obvious performance degradation. The transmittance of the intelligent glass changed reversibly between 88.5%–93.2% (transparent) and 25.5%–41.6% (opaque). The optical‐thermal response of the intelligent glass is attributed to the reversible phase transition of the hydrated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) film. This intelligent glass not only has obvious advantages in energy savings and emission reduction but also may be very useful for privacy protection, for example, in car windows, house windows, and office windows.
Schiff bases of sulphonamides as a new class of antifungal agent against multidrug‐resistant Candida auris
Authors: Hamad Asad , Chen Yiyuan , Khan Mohsin A. , Jamshidi Shirin , Saeed Naima , Clifford Melanie , Hind Charlotte , Sutton J. Mark , Rahman Khondaker Miraz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvasive Candida infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised or critically ill patients have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There are increasing reports of multidrug resistance in several Candida species that cause Candidemia, including C. glabrata and C. auris, with limited numbers of antifungal agents available to treat patients with invasive Candida infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new antifungal agents that work against multidrug‐resistant Candida species, particularly C. auris, which has been identified as an emerging global pathogen. In this article, we report a new class of antifungal agents, the Schiff bases of sulphonamides, that show activity against all Candida species tested, with an MIC range of 4–32 µg/ml. Compound 2b showed activity against C. glabrata and a panel of fluconazole‐resistant C. auris strains, with MICs of 4–16 µg/ml. The drug‐like nature of these Schiff bases offers opportunities to optimize these compounds with medicinal chemistry techniques to obtain more potent analogs that can be progressed toward pre‐clinical evaluation.
Statin‐associated anti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) myopathy: Imaging findings on thigh‐muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six patients
Authors: Lee Kam‐Ho , Gao Yuan , Lau Vince 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAnti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) myopathy is a rare but serious complication of statin use. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging features of statin‐associated anti‐HMGCR myopathy on thigh muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThigh muscle MRI images of six patients with statin‐associated anti‐HMGCR myopathy were reviewed for muscle edema, fatty replacement, and fascial edema in four compartments of each thigh: gluteal, anterior, medial, and posterior. Signal intensity ratio (SIR) was calculated in 17 muscles in both thighs on T2‐weighted fat‐suppressed images. Intracompartmental comparison of T2 SIRs of different muscles were performed.ResultsAll patients demonstrated bilateral symmetrical pan‐compartmental muscle edema. Three patients had fatty infiltration, involving gluteal and/or posterior compartments. In the anterior compartment, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis most frequently demonstrated the highest T2 SIR. In the posterior compartment, semimembranosus most frequently demonstrated the highest T2 SIR. The long head of the biceps femoris always had a higher T2 SIR than the short head.DiscussionStatin‐associated anti‐HMGCR myopathy commonly demonstrates bilateral symmetrical pan‐compartmental edema on thigh muscle MRI, with anterolateral predilection in the anterior compartment, and greater involvement of the semimembranosus with relative sparing of the short head of the biceps femoris in the posterior compartment. These observations can contribute to the diagnosis of statin‐associated anti‐HMGCR myopathy.
Neuropharmacology of Antiseizure Drugs
Authors: Hakami Tahir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntiseizure drugs (ASDs) are the primary therapy for epilepsy, with more than 20 drugs introduced into clinical practice to date. These drugs are typically grouped by their mechanisms of action and therapeutic spectrum. This article aims to educate non‐neurologists and medical students about the new frontiers in the pharmacology of ASDs and presents the current state of the literature on the efficacy and tolerability of these agents.MethodsRandomized controlled trials, observational studies, and evidence‐based meta‐analyses of ASD efficacy and tolerability as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier Clinical Pharmacology.ResultsThe choice of ASD varies primarily according to the seizure type. Practical guidelines for ASD selection in patients with new‐onset and drug‐resistant epilepsy were recently published. The guidelines have shown that the newer‐generation drugs, which have unique mechanistic and pharmacokinetic properties, are better tolerated but have similar efficacy compared with the older drugs. Several ASDs are effective as first‐line monotherapy in focal seizures, including lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, levetiracetam, and zonisamide. Valproate remains the first‐line drug for many patients with generalized and unclassified epilepsies. However, valproate should be avoided, if possible, in women of childbearing potential because of teratogenicity. Toxicity profile precludes several drugs from use as first‐line treatment, for example, vigabatrin, felbamate, and rufinamide.ConclusionsAntiseizure drugs have different pharmacologic profiles that should be considered when selecting and prescribing these agents for epilepsy. These include pharmacokinetic properties, propensity for drug‐drug interactions, and adverse effects.
DNA‐PKc inhibition overcomes taxane resistance by promoting taxane‐induced DNA damage in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chao Olivia S. , Goodman Oscar B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOvercoming taxane resistance remains a major clinical challenge in metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Loss of DNA repair proteins is associated with resistance to anti‐microtubule agents. We propose that alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway contribute to taxane resistance, and identification of these alterations may provide a potential therapeutic target to resensitize docetaxel‐refractory mCRPC to taxane‐based therapy.MethodsAlterations in DDR gene expression in our prostate cancer cell line model of docetaxel‐resistance (DU145‐DxR) derived from DU‐145 cells were determined by DDR pathway‐specific polymerase chain reaction array and immunoblotting. The PRKDC gene encoding DNA‐PKc (DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic unit), was noted to be overexpressed and evaluated for its role in docetaxel resistance. Cell viability and clonogenic survival of docetaxel‐treated DU145‐DxR cells were assessed after pharmacologic inhibition of DNA‐PKc with three different inhibitors—NU7441, LTURM34, and M3814. Response to second‐line cytotoxic agents, cabazitaxel and etoposide upon DNA‐PKc inhibition was also tested. The impact of DNA‐PKc upregulation on DNA damage repair was evaluated by comet assay and analysis of double‐strand breaks marker, γH2AX and Rad51. Lastly, DNA‐PKc inhibitor's effect on MDR1 activity was assessed by rhodamine 123 efflux assay.ResultsDDR pathway‐specific gene profiling revealed significant upregulation of PRKDC and CDK7, and downregulation of MSH3 in DU145‐DxR cells. Compared to parental DU145, DU145‐DxR cells sustained significantly less DNA damage when exposed to etoposide and docetaxel. Pharmacologic inhibition of DNA‐PKc, a component of NHEJ repair machinery, with all three inhibitors, significantly resensitized DU145‐DxR cells to docetaxel. Furthermore, DNA‐PKc inhibition also resensitized DU145‐DxR to cabazitaxel and etoposide, which demonstrated cross‐resistance. Inhibition of DNA‐PKc led to increased DNA damage in etoposide‐ and docetaxel‐treated DU145‐DxR cells. Finally, DNA‐PKc inhibition did not affect MDR1 activity, indicating that DNA‐PKc inhibitors resensitized taxane‐resistant cells via an MDR1‐independent mechanism.ConclusionThis study supports a role of DDR genes, particularly, DNA‐PKc in promoting resistance to taxanes in mCRPC. Targeting prostatic DNA‐PKc may provide a novel strategy to restore taxane sensitivity in taxane‐refractory mCRPC.
Technical aspects of paediatric robotic pancreatic enucleation based on a case of an insulinoma
Authors: Schulte am Esch Jan , Krüger Martin , Barthlen Winfried , Förster Christine , Mohnike Konrad , Empting Susann , Benhidjeb Tahar , Vossschulte Hendrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsulinomas are rare insulin‐producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours leading to severe episodes of hypoglycaemia. Surgery is the predominant curative therapy.MethodsWe report here the first paediatric case of an insulinoma of the pancreatic body resected completely robotically under ultrasound guidance in a 10‐year‐old male with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. The port set‐up was adapted for the narrowed dimensions of the paediatric peritoneal space. We comment on technical key steps for the organ‐preserving procedure that was performed in close proximity to critical anatomic structures, with supporting video. Preoperative diagnostics, including endoscopic ultrasound, to determine surgical management are highlighted.ResultsFollowing an uneventful post‐operative course, the boy was discharged on day 11 with normalised glucose‐metabolism. A pseudocyst developing after 4 weeks was treated with endoscopic stenting.ConclusionsThe applicability of a robotic surgical system in limited space conditions such as found in the paediatric abdominal cavity is demonstrated here for pancreatic surgery.
An explicit formula for minimizing the infected peak in an SIR epidemic model when using a fixed number of complete lockdowns
Authors: Sontag Eduardo D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCareful timing of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing may avoid high “second waves” of infections of COVID‐19. This article asks what should be the timing of a set of K complete‐lockdowns of prespecified lengths (such as two weeks) so as to minimize the peak of the infective compartment. Perhaps surprisingly, it is possible to give an explicit and easily computable rule for when each lockdown should commence. Simulations are used to show that the rule remains fairly accurate even if lockdowns are not perfect.
Long‐term effect of tillage and straw retention in conservation agriculture systems on soil carbon storage
Authors: Gómez‐Muñoz Beatriz , Jensen Lars Stoumann , Munkholm Lars , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Møller Hansen Elly , Bruun Sander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main principles of conservationagriculture (CA) are minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, diversification of crop rotations, and retention of crop residues. Tillage has been implicated with increased soil organic C (SOC) mineralization, but recently this has been contested. Residue retention and cover crops result in higher soil C inputs and are therefore expected to increase SOC. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 17 yr of residue retention (with and without) and tillage (plowing and no‐till) on soil C storage on two Danish sandy loam soils with different clay and SOC content under cool temperate humid climate conditions. Straw retention reduced bulk density at both sites. It also increased the C concentration with 0.47 mg C g–1 dry soil on average from 2002 to 2019, and SOC stocks in 2019 with 23 tonnes C ha–1, on average, at the site with higher initial SOC content. The effect of straw retention on soil C was higher when the soil was plowed, and no significant effect was observed in no‐till soils. Straw retention did not significantly affect C concentration at the site with low initial SOC. Tillage altered the C distribution in the soil profile, so that the C concentration in the upper layer (0–25 cm) was higher in the no‐till soils, but did not significantly increase total C concentration in deeper layers (0–50 cm). Use of no‐till and straw retention did not consistently affect crop yield across site‐years, but the interannual variability was large, obscuring possible differences in yields.
The representation of gender in England's sexuality education policy
Authors: Mukoro Jude 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA good representation of gender issues in sexuality education not only enriches the contents of sexuality education but makes it more effective. To unravel if and how gender is represented in England's policy on sexuality education, two important policy documents: Sex and Relationship Education (SRE) Guidance 2000 and Guidance for Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) and Health Education 2019 were thematically analyzed. The results indicate that gender is presented as a characteristic to be respected, as a diverse reality to be included, as a social reality laced with stereotypes and needs. These representations indicate that England's policy on sexuality education is gender‐sensitive and seeks to be gender‐transformative. There are also indications that policy has evolved to include diverse gender understandings.
Gustav Nikolaus Specht (1860–1940)
Authors: Braun Birgit , Kornhuber Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hinführung
Gustav Specht steht am Anfang der Erlanger Universitätspsychiatrie. 80 Jahre nach seinem Tod untersucht der vorliegende Artikel insbesondere die Rolle Spechts bei der von Kraepelin ausgehenden psychopathologisch-nosologischen Diskussion. Trotz spärlicher Datenlage unternehmen die Autoren erstmals eine Annäherung an Spechts Positionen innerhalb der nationalsozialistischen Psychiatrie.

Methode
Relevantes archivalisches Material sowie Primär- und Sekundärliteratur wurden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Specht wurde 1897 zum außerplanmäßigen Professor und 1903 zum ersten Ordinarius für Psychiatrie in Erlangen ernannt. Specht arbeitete die Bedeutung des manischen Elementes in der Paranoia heraus. Specht ergänzte den sog. „exogenen Reaktionstypus“ Bonhoeffers 1913 um die depressiven Zustandsbilder; er selbst war – bei fremddiagnostischem Verdacht auf zyklothymes Temperament – zweimalig exogen reaktiv depressiv erkrankt.

Diskussion
Durch seine Forschungsarbeiten zum pathologischen Affekt in der chronischen Paranoia beeinflusste Specht die zeitgenössische psychopathologische Diskussion nachhaltig. Spechts Perspektivenwechsel in puncto „Erbgesundheit“ lässt sich interpretieren als Anpassung an das NS-Regime.

Schlussfolgerung
Das Werk Gustav Spechts kann u. a. dazu anregen, einen interdisziplinären psychopathologischen Diskurs zu kultivieren.
Using uniform design and regression methodology of turning parameters study of nickel alloy
Authors: Chen Shao-Hsien , Hsu Chih-Hung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe nickel alloy has good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature; it is extensively used in aerospace and biomedical and energy industries, as well as alloy designs of different chemical compositions to achieve different mechanical properties. However, for high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, and surface hardening property, the nickel alloy has worse cutting tool life and machining efficiency than general materials. Therefore, how to select the optimum machining parameters will influence the workpiece quality, cost, and machining time. This research will be using a new experimental design methodology to the cutting parameter planning for nickel-based alloy cutting test, and used the uniform design methodology to cutting test to reduce the number of experiments. Three independent variable parameters are set up, including cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth, and four dependent variable parameters are set up, including cutting tool wear, surface roughness, machining time, and cutting force. A nickel alloy turning parameter model is built by using regression analysis to further predict the I/O relationship among various combinations of variables. The errors between actual values and prediction values are validated. When the cutting tool wear (VB) is 2.72~6.18%, the surface roughness (Ra) is 4.10~7.72%, the machining time (T) is 3.75~8.82%, and the cutting force (N) is 1.54~7.42%; the errors of various dependent variables are approximately less than 10%, so a high precision estimation model is obtained through a few experiments of uniform design method.
Harnessing beliefs to optimally disclose contestants’ types
Authors: Serena Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA contestant’s effort depends on her knowledge of her rival’s type. This knowledge is often limited in real-life contests. We propose a model where the principal of a contest has commitment power to verifiably disclose contestants’ types. We investigate the optimal disclosure policy to stimulate contestants’ efforts. Full disclosure stimulates more (less) effort than full concealment if high-types are more (less) likely than low-types. However, regardless of the likelihood of types, the optimal policy is that of contingent disclosure; it is optimal to commit to disclosing if both contestants are high types and concealing otherwise.
Automated alternate cover test for ‘HINTS’ assessment: a validation study
Authors: Morrison Miranda , Kerkeni Hassen , Korda Athanasia , Räss Simone , Caversaccio Marco D. , Abegg Mathias , Schneider Erich , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The alternate cover test (ACT) in patients with acute vestibular syndrome is part of the ‘HINTS’ battery test. Although quantitative, the ACT is highly dependent on the examiner’s experience and could theoretically vary greatly between examiners. In this study, we sought to validate an automated video-oculography (VOG) system based on eye tracking and dedicated glasses.

Methods
We artificially induced a vertical strabismus to simulate a skew deviation on ten healthy subjects, aged from 26 to 66, using different press-on Fresnel prisms on one eye while recording eye position with VOG of the contralateral eye. We then compared the system’s performance to that of a blinded trained orthoptist using conventional, semi-quantitative method of skew measurement known as the alternate prism cover test (APCT) as a gold standard.

Results
We found a significant correlation between the reference APCT and the Skew VOG (Pearson’s R2 = 0.606, p < 0.05). There was a good agreement between the two tests (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.852, 95 CI 0.728–0.917, p < 0.001). The overall accuracy of the VOG was estimated at 80.53% with an error rate of 19.46%. There was no significant difference in VOG skew estimations compared with the gold standard except for very small skews.

Conclusions
VOG offers an objective and quantitative skew measurement and proved to be accurate in measuring vertical eye misalignment compared to the ACT with prisms. Precision was moderate, which mandates a sufficient number of tests per subject.
Modern Chiral Forces Applied to the Neutron-Deuteron Breakup Reaction
Authors: Skibiński Roman , Golak Jacek , Soloviov Volodymyr , Topolnicki Kacper , Volkotrub Yuriy , Witała Henryk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report on applications of the recent chiral potentials from the Bochum-Bonn group to the description of the neutron induced deuteron breakup observables. Specifically, we discuss the convergence of predictions with respect to the chiral order and the dependence of our results on the value of the regularization parameter. To that end we use the chiral forces with semi-local coordinate or momentum space regularization up to the N$$^4$$

4

LO$$^+$$

+

order of chiral expansion. We find a satisfactory picture revealing high quality of the chiral forces used.
Brain metastases in gastroesophageal cancers—an underestimated complication
Authors: Brunner Marius , Soll Dominik , Adler Kathrin , Sasse André , König Ute , Mekolli Ardian , Lowes Kristina , Reinecke Johanna , Ellenrieder Volker , König Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Brain metastases represent a severe complication in many gastrointestinal malignancies especially those arising from the upper gastrointestinal tract, including cancer of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach (GEC). However, there is little knowledge about the onset or potential risk factors for brain metastases (BRMs) in upper gastrointestinal cancers resulting in a lack of screening guidelines for BRMs.

Methods
We analyzed 827 patients from our cancer registry suffering from gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) and treated at the University Medical Center Göttingen between January 2013 and December 2019 for the presence of BRMs.

Results
From 827 patients with GEC we found 54 patients with BRMs, resulting in an incidence of 6.5%. BRMs are more frequent in male patients (90.74% vs 9.26%, p = 0.0051) and in adenocarcinomas (90.74% vs 9.26%, p = 0.0117). Mean duration for the onset of BRMs from initial cancer diagnoses was 20.9 months in limited disease (curative approach) and 9.3 months in advanced disease (palliative approach) (p = 0.0026). However, early detection of BRMs is a prognostic factor since patients with successful resection of BRMs have a better prognosis compared to those with unresectable BRMs (5.93 vs 2.07 months, p = 0.0091).

Conclusion
In this single-center retrospective study, brain metastases (BRMs) occur with a high frequency (6.5%) in gastroesophageal cancer (GEC), significantly more often in male patients and adenocarcinomas. Since survival of these patients considerably correlates with successful BRMs resection, our observations propose further prospective trails to validate our hypothesis and ultimately the implementation of routine screening procedures to detect asymptomatic brain metastases.
Lockean Beliefs, Dutch Books, and Scoring Systems
Authors: Rothschild Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn the Lockean thesis one ought to believe a proposition if and only if one assigns it a credence at or above a threshold (Foley in Am Philos Q 29(2):111–124, 1992). The Lockean thesis, thus, provides a way of characterizing sets of all-or-nothing beliefs. Here we give two independent characterizations of the sets of beliefs satisfying the Lockean thesis. One is in terms of betting dispositions associated with full beliefs and one is in terms of an accuracy scoring system for full beliefs. These characterizations are parallel to, but not merely derivative from, the more familiar Dutch Book (de Finetti in Theory of probability, vol 1, Wiley, London, 1974) and accuracy (Joyce in Philos Sci 65(4):575–603, 1998) arguments for probabilism.