bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On General Approach and Methods of Vessels’ Shapes Systemic Study
Authors: Ю.Б. Цетлин 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to further development of historical-and-cultural approach and methods of earthenware vessels study. A.A. Bobrinsky laid the principles of the approach and respective methods in several articles (Bobrinsky, 1986, 1988a, b, 1991). Three main stages of vessel shapes study are expounded in the article: preparatory, analytical and interpretation stages. The main attention is paid to the analytical stage. It is assumed that content of the interpretation stage will be expounded in a special article based on specific ethnographic and archeological materials. Within framework of analytical stage of vessel shapes study 5 levels of analysis are considered successively: I – analysis of general proportionality (GP) of vessel forms; II – analysis of vessel shapes’ natural structure; III – analysis of extent of functional parts’ maturity; IV – analysis of vessel shapes’ elementary structure; V – analysis of vessel shapes’ curved line (“covers”). Various aspects of potters’ cultural traditions in the sphere of certain vessel shapes creation are analyzed at all levels. At the same time the deeper is the level of shapes analysis, the more detailed cultural peculiarities of population and potters are discovered and fixed. Every level of analysis can be applied to any of 7 functional parts that form the natural structure of specific vessels. It should be emphasized that in this article an extent of functional parts’ maturity is analyzed in considerably greater detail than it was done earlier. Some rules of vessel shapes comparative analysis are expounded in the concluding section. Such analysis is performed pursuant to research tasks in two directions: in direction of certain potters’ individual skills and in direction of cultural traditions of human collectives. In the latter case an extent of cultural homogeneity of collective traditions is fixed. Infraction of the pottery traditions may be related to cultural infiltration (which brings about the beginning of mixture process), to different stages of cultural integration (which means development of mixture process) and to cultural assimilation (the mixture process completion).
Student Homelessness: Sheltering Our Future: An Adaptable Approach to Underutilised City Spaces
Authors:   , Ramos Caryl 
Published: December 2021

<p>The increasing housing demands from population growth creates a persistent housing shortage and unaffordability in our cities. Students are one demographic that is dramatically affected as they move closer to their education provider for study. The student influx at the start of the semester creates a large demand in the already inadequate housing market. Students with a limited budget have reduced accommodation options and this consequently drives many into a state of homelessness. A study from University of Otago measures that over a quarter of New Zealand’s homeless population are students (Amore, 2016). This considerable number of students are living in cars, tents, couch-surfing and sleeping rough for weeks during their studies. The desperate situation impinges on the student’s health and well-being and thus their academic performance. In this context, the scope of this research focuses on the requirements of homeless tertiary students in the urban setting. Their vulnerability, insecurity and distress are explored to provide direction to solutions that will alleviate the existing problems of their insufficient living environments. As proximity to the education providers and amenities are key factors, this thesis examines underutilised and leftover spaces within the city as opportunities for inhabitation, and to create efficient use of urban space. Currently, there are successful examples of activating overlooked laneways into vibrant spaces. However, these transformations rely on the activities in the lane and the interventions are largely landscaping and installations. By investigating the successful regeneration of previously undesirable and neglected spaces through architectural re-imagination, this thesis identify laneways to be a potential site to the urgent need for shelters. The architectural experiments and design development are informed by the combination of site challenges and programme to form an overall design-led research. The thesis tests how temporary modular design has a significant role in the design of economic and adaptable solutions for the increasing issue of homelessness. This establishes that through a critical design, we may shelter those in desperate need within the urban context. The architecture provides a safe environment that is empathetic to its users and the larger urban scale while also creating a statement and awareness to homelessness. The thesis concludes with the design framework for a single test site and assesses its suitability for future application to other leftover spaces in the city.</p>
Unorthodox: An ancient tradition - A contemporary context
Authors:   , Isaac Anne 
Published: December 2021

<p>For decades, New Zealand historians and architects have sought answers to the question: What is New Zealand architecture? New Zealand longs for a place in the architectural world, seeking the significance of our buildings in the wider realm of world architecture. In 2016, in a presentation based on his book Worship: a history of New Zealand church design, Bill McKay suggested that perhaps, “our most interesting architecture lies in the intersections of our cultures”. An opportunity is offered by the current shifts of New Zealand society where the impact of immigration on society is one of the most pressing issues that currently needs addressing. This thesis endeavours to explore the specific relationship between the heritage and culture of the existing Assyrian community and its context of Wellington, with reference to McKay’s suggestion that our most interesting architecture is birthed from the intersection of different cultures. Socially speaking, sense of identity and place attachment play a vital role in the integration of migrant communities into their new home country. Recalling and employing elements of not only tangible Assyrian heritage, but also the intangible qualities found in traditional Assyrian architecture, has the potential to create the connection and enhance the sense of identity which allows for the feeling of belonging in migrants in their host society. This thesis focuses on the space of worship. This project of an Assyrian Orthodox church building in New Zealand might reflect the life of the migrants who occupy it. Is it a replica of the traditional building in its original context, unchanged and uninfluenced by the shift to a new place? Or is it influenced and integrated; a building which can identify with the soil it stands on? Furthermore, if one considers that architecture reflects society, it is hoped that this design led research will participate in the discussion about New Zealand architecture’s unique identity and emerging new societal makeup. This design led research discovers that creating a sense of belonging relies on both keeping aspects of the traditional and gaining influence from its new context. As focus shifts from the design of the building at a large scale to details and objects at a small scale, it becomes more important to reflect and retain the traditional qualities of the architecture. At a large scale, the building may be influenced by its context so as to be integrated into its new place, as if it belongs within its new urban fabric. As we move into the smaller scale in design, we draw closer to the body. It is these elements of the design which an occupant experiences more intimately, and through sensory experience and triggering memories of home, can help to create a feeling of belonging. The main findings of this research express the close relationship between architectural scales of intervention and the effects of individual and collective memory.</p>
City to Flood: A new urban planning model for urban adaptation to climate change induced flooding in Dunedin
Authors:   , Neill Abby 
Published: December 2021

<p>Currently 40% of the world’s human population lives within 100km of a coast. With the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicting that sea levels will rise between 0.52 and 0.98m by 2100, and with increasing climate change induced extreme weather events affecting urban settings, the ways in which people reside in coastal areas needs to be addressed. As water levels rise, both permanently through sea level rise, and temporarily through storm surge events, areas of high population in low lying areas will have to reconsider their typical housing and infrastructure design methods, and/or their lifestyles to address this more frequent or potentially permanent influx of water into towns and cities. Current methods of flood adaptive architecture often consider solutions at just the individual house or building scale, despite the clear need to be able to analyse and design with wider changing urban landscape conditions driving decision making. In response, this research investigates possible design strategies for adapting housing to climate change induced flooding, while enhancing the liveability of changing local community environments. This is investigated through a case study design-led research process, and is complimented by a survey of residents. The case study site is a flood prone suburb in the city of Dunedin on the east coast of the South Island in Aotearoa New Zealand. Key findings of the research point to the importance of employing not just a purely technical approach to flooding adaptive housing, but also to using a community-led approach to re-design to understand how people will react to, use, and adapt to repurposed built environments that respond to climate change. This reinforces the need to conceive flood adaptive housing at least at a street and neighbourhood scale, and preferably at a whole suburb landscape scale, rather that just as a single housing typology solution. The research concludes that combining flood adaptive housing with ecosystem-based adaptation solutions to climate change induced flooding could lead to a different, more ecology-integrated way of living for inhabitants of low lying coastal areas. This in turn is likely to have positive social and psychological benefits for inhabitants while increasing community resilience.</p>
Respuesta gubernamental en tiempos de pandemia: contrastando México y Nueva Zelanda
Authors: Porta-Lezama Miroslava , Castelán Meléndez Jorge 
Published: December 2021

El inicio de la pandemia por Coronavirus 2019 en marzo de 2020 alarmó por su nivel de propagación y gravedad. Las acciones para contenerla han sido diferentes en función del país que se trate. México se caracterizó por su respuesta tardía y errática, eventualmente utilizada con fines políticos. Al compararla con el manejo de la pandemia en Nueva Zelanda que se enfocó en suprimirla, destaca la principal diferencia con México que pretendió tan sólo mitigarla.
Estrategias preventivas no farmacológicas promovidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud han mostrado su efectividad en Nueva Zelanda, al contrario de la indiferencia de gobiernos como México que al inicio de la crisis sanitaria permitió la celebración de eventos masivos. Estas reacciones se han reflejado en la abismal diferencia en la incidencia y letalidad por COVID-19 entre ambos países.
No debe perderse de vista que además de la sensibilidad y responsabilidad civil de cada país y de sus mandatarios, también influye el porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto invertido en salud. También se han hecho evidentes las consecuencias que provocan las diferencias en el poder adquisitivo de la población en general: la pandemia no ha impactado de igual manera a los más desposeídos en comparación con quienes cuentan con más recursos de todo tipo.
Enfermería y su valor social
Authors: Mayorga-Ponce Rocío B. , González Monter Brenda A. 
Published: December 2021

Enfermería siempre ha sido una profesión que actúa de manera autónoma y se define como un proceso significativo, terapeútico e interpersonal. Siendo su principal objetivo situar al paciente en el mejor estado de salud posible, para ello, el personal enfermero debe actuar por la persona incapacitada, ayudarla a actuar o brindarle el apoyo físico y psicológico, así como la educación para aprender a actuar por si misma. En el presente artículo me enfoco a dar a conocer de manera fundamentada desde varias bibliografías previamente revisadas, la importancia y el valor social que ha tenido enfermería a través del tiempo y qué impacto tiene ante la actual situasión de COVID-19. [3]
Educación rural y equidad en el periodo de confinamiento por el COVID-19: el caso de una escuela primaria multigrado
Authors: González Lira Ana Laura , Moreno Tapia Javier 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en una escuela primaria rural durante el periodo de confinamiento derivado de contingencia sanitaria por la pandemia de COVID-19. El estudio, tuvo como objetivo principal analizar algunas dificultades que se presentan en el contexo de estudio para la continuidad de las actividades académicas, destacando la perspectiva del docente y el análisis de información proveniente de diversas fuentes.
Durante el desarrollo del escrito, se elabora un estado del conocimiento que integra investigaciones realizadas en el contexto de las escuelas multigrado y en el periodo temporal de la pandemia. Todo ello, basado en el enfoque de equidad educativa y los avances en materia de legislación en México al respecto y se contrastan con algunos datos recuperados de fuentes oficiales a nivel nacional y local, así como con información proveniente de la aplicación de instrumentos de investigación al docente participante, desde un estudio de caso.
Los resultados muestran que la actual pandemia acentúa las desigualdades sociales de las poblaciones de alumnos del sector rural, en tres componentes: acceso, permanencia y logro educativo, situación que marca la necesidad del diseño e implementación de políticas de equidad y la importancia de la aproximación científica al tema desde la investigación educativa.
PENGUATAN LITERASI MELALUI PROGRAM REVITALISASI SASTRA DAERAH DI NEGERI WARAKA KECAMATAN TELUK ELPAPUTH KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Latupeirissa Elsa , Monaten Yessa Gracia 
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yang bertempat di Negeri Waraka merupakan salah satu upaya dalam menghidupkan kembali sastra daerah yang hampir terlupakan oleh masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan penguatan bagi masyarakat khususnya kaum pemuda dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai budaya yang tercermin dalam karya-karya sastra berbasis lokal (daerah), mengingat kaum generesi muda adalah bagian yang penting namun juga bagian yang rentan dalam pemertahanan sastra itu sendiri. Penguatan literasi Sastra daerah merupakan bagian dalam memberdayakan masyarakat khususnya generasi muda di Negeri Waraka dalam mencintai karya sastra, sehingga tetap hidup dan berakar dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat setempat. Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pemahaman tentang konsep sastra daerah serta memberikan penguatan bagi generasi muda untuk mempertahankan dan melestarikan sastra daerah sebagai bagian dari pewarisan budaya leluhur. Penyampaian tujuan ini dilakukan melalui metode ceramah, dan diskusi bersama untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang kehadiran sastra daerah dalam masyarakat khususnya di kalangan pemuda, sehingga dapat membuat program untuk menghidupkan kembali sastra daerah. Hasil dari kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan kesadaran dan motivasi kaum pemuda untuk mencintai karya-karya sastra lokal (daerah) dan berupaya untuk mepertahankan serta melestarikannya.
IDENTIFIKASI BENTUK PERUNDUNGAN (BULLYING ) DI SMP NEGERI 5 TELUK ELPAPUTIH
Authors: Latupapua Falantino Eryk , Umkeketony Sarleoky Nancy , Rehatta Revannry Th. , Soumena M. Farik , Tuhepaly Fadly 
Published: December 2021

Perundungan atau bullying sering terjadi di lingkungan persekolahan, baik dilakukan secara sadar maupun tidak sadar, baik direncanakan maupun tidak direncanakan. Dalam konteks kelompok masyarakat Maluku, hal itu turut terlestarikan dengan adanya budaya basengaja sebagai prasyarat penerimaan dalam lingkungan sosial, termasuk lingkungan persekolahan di Maluku Tengah. Dengan demikian, kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 5 Teluk Elpaputih, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk dan pola perundungan di dalam lingkungan persekolahan di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah; sebagai data awal untuk merencanakan tindak lanjut prefentif. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui penyuluhan dengan kombinasi aktivitas permainan serta wawancara personal serta diakhiri dengan pelantikan Duta Anti Perundungan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan bahwa berbagai bentuk perundungan terjadi di SMP Negeri 5 Teluk Elpaputih kerap terjadi perundungan, kebanyakan tidak ditangani dengan baik, dibiarkan oleh warga sekolah karena dianggap sebagai kewajaran dan bisa diselesaikan sendiri oleh siswa.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ASSOZIOGRAMM BAGI GURU BAHASA JERMAN
Authors: Akihary Wilma , Apituley Patresya S. , Lestuny Carolina , Soumokil Piet 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak

Pelatihan yang berbasis blended learning ini diselenggarakan oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman bagi guru bahasa Jerman bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis guru bahasa Jerman pada level B1 dengan menggunakan teknik Assoziogramm. Dalam pelatihan ini guru diberikan pengenalan tentang model tes menulis bahasa Jerman level B1 yang sesuai Gemeinsamer europäischen Referenzrahmen (GER), dan juga penggunaan teknik Assoziogramm untuk mengembangkan keterampilan menulis baik secara kelompok maupun individu. Sebanyak 18 guru bahasa Jerman yang telah memiliki ijasah level A1-B1 turut serta dalam pelatihan ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eklektik. Hasil akhir pengabdian ini adalah adanya output dalam bentuk hasil kerja kelompok berupa Assoziogramm dan juga karangan tentang Umweltschutz serta hasil kerja pribadi berupa Assoziogramm dan karangan tentang Online-Lernen.

Kata Kunci: Assoziogramm, keterampilan menulis

Abstract

Training which is based on blended learning organized by the German Language Education Study Program for German language teachers aims to improve the writing ability of German teachers at level B1 by using the Assoziogramm technique. In this training, the teacher is given an introduction to the German language writing test model level B1 which is suitable for the Gemeinsamer europäischen Referenzrahmen (GER), and also the use of the Assoziogramm technique to develop writing skills both in groups and individually. A total of 18 German teachers who already have A1-B1 level certificates participated in this training. The method used is the eclectic method. The final result of this training is the output of group work in the form of an Assoziogramm and also an essay on Umweltschutz as well as personal work in the form of Assoziogramm and essays about Online-Lernen.

Keywords: Assoziogramm, writing skills
Digitizing and Visualizing Sketch Map Data: A Semi-Structured Approach to Qualitative GIS
Authors: Prener Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Aux côtés des approches qualitatives de cueillette des données, le croquis cartographique constitue un moyen intuitif de récolter les impressions de participants et de participantes sur l’espace et les lieux. Mais les données recueillies sont souvent difficiles à traiter, en particulier à numériser et à visualiser. Après une description de ces difficultés, cet article présente une approche « semi-structurée » de la cueillette, de la numérisation et de l’analyse des données en vue d’un croquis cartographique, ainsi qu’un progiciel à code source ouvert, QualMap, qui offre des outils de numérisation de ces données en langage de programmation R. Cette approche conserve les cartes de base précises employées dans d’autres travaux préparatoires à des croquis cartographiques. Pour aider à la numérisation et à l’analyse, elle leur surimpose toutefois une unité spatiale, déterminée par la chercheuse ou le chercheur. L’utilisation d’une unité spatiale normée ouvre encore d’autres possibilités de cartographie et d’analyse. L’applicabilité de cette approche est illustrée par un projet d’échantillonnage qui analyse les perceptions de l’espace recueillies auprès d’un échantillon de commodité formé d’étudiants et d’étudiantes de niveau collégial. Le groupement sur les cartes ainsi produites montre, autour du campus, une « bulle » qui rend compte de l’essentiel des déplacements hebdomadaires de la population étudiante. Ces données sont appariées à des données sur la criminalité, ce qui suggère la possibilité d’étendre par des méthodes mixtes cette approche « semi-structurée » du croquis cartographique.
Failures of Pressure Vessels and Process Piping
Authors: Ganhao Luis A. , Perdomo Jorge J. , McVay James , Seijas Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses pressure vessels, piping, and associated pressure-boundary items of the types used in nuclear and conventional power plants, refineries, and chemical-processing plants. It begins by explaining the necessity of conducting a failure analysis, followed by the objectives of a failure analysis. Then, the article discusses the processes involved in failure analysis, including codes and standards. Next, fabrication flaws that can develop into failures of in-service pressure vessels and piping are covered. This is followed by sections discussing in-service mechanical and metallurgical failures, environment-assisted cracking failures, and other damage mechanisms that induce cracking failures. Finally, the article provides information on inspection practices.
Failures of Pipelines
Authors: Hudgins A. , Roepke C. , James B. , Kondori B. , Whitley B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the failure analysis of several steel transmission pipeline failures, describes the causes and characteristics of specific pipeline failure modes, and introduces pipeline failure prevention and integrity management practices and methodologies. In addition, it covers the use of transmission pipeline in North America, discusses the procedures in pipeline failure analysis investigation, and provides a brief background on the most commonly observed pipeline flaws and degradation mechanisms. A case study related to hydrogen cracking and a hard spot is also presented.
Failures in Soldering
Authors: Zhang Qiming , Kondori Babak , Qiu Xing , Lo Jeffery C.C. , Lee S.W. Ricky 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the recent requirement of higher integration density, solder joints are getting smaller in electronic product assemblies, which makes the joints more vulnerable to failure. Thus, the root-cause failure analysis for the solder joints becomes important to prevent failure at the assembly level. This article covers the properties of solder alloys and the corresponding intermetallic compounds. It includes the dominant failure modes introduced during the solder joint manufacturing process and in field-use applications. The corresponding failure mechanism and root-cause analysis are also presented. The article introduces several frequently used methods for solder joint failure detection, prevention, and isolation (identification for the failed location).