bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Synthetic Strategies to Access Optically Pure ­Feringa’s Motors
Authors: Qin Yu-Nan , Zhang Chen , Li Quan , Du Guang-Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLight-driven unidirectional molecular motors have gained significant attention since the pioneering work by Prof. Ben Feringa in 1999, and they hold great promise as next-generation smart materials. The intrinsic feature of point chirality and the helicity of these molecular motors requires efficient strategies to access their optically pure forms, especially when chirality-sensitive materials are fabricated. In this short review, we summarize synthetic strategies to access optically pure first- and second-generation molecular motors. Three general strategies are discussed: direct asymmetric synthesis, chiral auxiliary methods and chiral separation aided by a resolving agent. We hope that this review will ignite the enthusiasm of synthetic chemists to address very fundamental but unavoidable synthetic questions on chiral-alkene-based molecular motors concerning their large-scale appli­cations.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of First-Generation Molecular Motors2.1	Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of Molecular Motors2.2	Resolving-Agent-Aided Chiral Resolution of Molecular Motors3	Synthesis of Second-Generation Molecular Motors3.1	Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of Molecular Motors3.2	Chiral Auxiliary Strategy3.3	Domino Strategy4	onclusions
The Effect of Electronic Health Record Burden on Pediatricians' Work–Life Balance and Career Satisfaction
Authors: Frintner Mary Pat , Kaelber David C. , Kirkendall Eric S. , Lourie Eli M. , Somberg Chloe A. , Lehmann Christoph U. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives To examine pediatricians' perspectives on administrative tasks including electronic health record (EHR) documentation burden and their effect on work–life balance and life and career satisfaction.
Methods We analyzed 2018 survey data from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES), a longitudinal cohort study of early and midcareer pediatricians. Cohorts graduated from residency between 2002 and 2004 or 2009 and 2011. Participants were randomly selected from an AAP database (included all pediatricians who completed U.S. pediatric residency programs). Four in 10 pediatricians (1,796 out of 4,677) were enrolled in PLACES in 2012 and considered participants in 2018. Data were weighted to adjust for differences between study participants and the overall population of pediatricians. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression examined the association of EHR burden on work–life balance (three measures) and satisfaction with work, career, and life (three measures). Responses to an open-ended question on experiences with administrative tasks were reviewed.
Results A total of 66% of pediatrician participants completed the 2018 surveys (1,192 of 1,796; analytic sample = 1,069). Three-fourths reported EHR documentation as a major or moderate burden. Half reported such burden for billing and insurance and 42.7% for quality and performance measurement. Most pediatricians reported satisfaction with their jobs (86.7%), careers (84.5%), and lives (66.2%). Many reported work–life balance challenges (52.5% reported stress balancing work and personal responsibilities). In multivariable analysis, higher reported EHR burden was associated with lower scores on career and life satisfaction measures and on all three measures of work–life balance. Open-ended responses (n = 467) revealed several themes. Two predominant themes especially supported the quantitative findings—poor EHR functionality and lack of support for administrative burdens.
Conclusion Most early to midcareer pediatricians experience administrative burdens with EHRs. These experiences are associated with worse work–life balance including more stress in balancing responsibilities and less career and life satisfaction.
Association of Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Its Timing with Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Fundora Jennifer B. , Binenbaum Gil , Tomlinson Lauren , Yu Yinxi , Ying Gui-shuang , Maheshwari Akhil , Donohue Pamela 
Published: August 2021

Objective The study aimed to determine the association of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its timing, with the development and timing of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Study Design This was a secondary data analysis of 7,483 preterm infants from the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity Study. Associations between infants with surgical NEC, early-onset surgical NEC (8–28 days), and late-onset surgical NEC (over 28 days) with ROP were evaluated by using multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for birth weight, gestational age, small for gestational age status, chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, patent ductus arteriosus, and periventricular leukomalacia.
Results Three hundred fifty-six (4.8%) infants had surgical NEC, with 56% having early surgical NEC. Infants with surgical NEC had a higher risk of any ROP and severe ROP (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.9–3.7) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.9–3.3), respectively; p < 0.001) compared with infants without surgical NEC. Infants with early surgical NEC were at the highest risk of developing ROP and severe ROP (adjusted OR: 3.1 [95% CI: 2.1–4.8], and 3.3 [95% CI: 2.3–4.7] respectively, p < 0.001). Infants with late surgical NEC were also at increased risk of developing ROP and severe ROP (adjusted OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3–3.4], and 1.9 [95% CI: 1.3–2.8] respectively, p < 0.001) compared with infants without surgical NEC.
Conclusion Infants with surgical NEC, especially early surgical NEC, are at higher risk of ROP and severe ROP.
Key Points
The human cytomegalovirus protein pUL13 targets mitochondrial cristae architecture to increase cellular respiration during infection
Authors: Betsinger Cora N. , Jankowski Connor S.R. , Hofstadter William A. , Federspiel Joel D. , Otter Clayton J. , Jean Beltran Pierre M. , Cristea Ileana M. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceViruses rely on organelle remodeling for their replication and for the spread of infection. Alterations to mitochondrial functions and cellular metabolism are hallmarks of nearly all viral infections. However, how the widely spread HCMV remodels mitochondrial structure and function has presented a conundrum. It remained unclear how HCMV increases mitochondrial bioenergetics despite triggering mitochondrial fragmentation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we address this question. We establish that the uncharacterized viral protein, pUL13, targets the mitochondria, interacts with the MICOS complex, and is sufficient for increasing oxidative phosphorylation during infection. Our findings provide evidence that viral pathogens have acquired mechanisms for manipulating cristae architecture and ETC function to achieve increased energy production and can have broad implications in understanding virus-driven pathologies.
Enhancing ion transport in charged block copolymers by stabilizing low symmetry morphology: Electrostatic control of interfaces
Authors: Min Jaemin , Jung Ha Young , Jeong Seungwon , Lee Byeongdu , Son Chang Yun , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: August 2021

Significance
We show the enhancement of ion transport properties for charged block copolymers comprising nonstoichiometric ionic liquids by stabilizing the cubic Frank–Kasper A15 phases. The ionic liquid cations predominantly present near the micellar interfaces to increase stabilization energies of the A15 structures if they have strong attractive electrostatic interactions with the charged polymer chains. Unprecedented reentrant phase transitions between lamellar and A15 structures occur through the electrostatic control of interfaces, resulting in radical changes in the conductivity by an order of magnitude. This study is one of the rare demonstrations of a low symmetry morphology to establish a prospective avenue for advanced polymer electrolytes having tailor-made interfaces. Our findings will have implications for energy storage and transfer devices.
User-driven assessment of commercial term extractors
Authors: Kwong Oi Yee 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we address the system evaluation issue for commercial term extraction tools from the users’
perspective. We first revisit the gold standard approach commonly practised among researchers, and discuss the challenges it may
pose on end users, taking translators as a typical example. Considering the very different motivations and needs of users and
researchers, a user-driven approach is proposed as a variation and alternative to the gold standard approach to allow users to
assess and understand the performance of commercial tools more objectively. Its feasibility and usefulness are demonstrated by
deploying a benchmarking dataset of English-Chinese financial terms, produced by multiple annotators, in a case study with SDL
MultiTerm Extract. The results also provide insight for future development of term extractors designed for translators, which will
hopefully generate more accurate candidates, offer more customised features, enable better user experience, and enjoy wider
popularity as a computer-aided translation tool.
Nemorimyza maculosa
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Nemorimyza maculosa
(Malloch). Diptera: Agromyzidae. Hosts:
Chrysanthemum
, lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
) and other Asteraceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Portugal, Madeira, Spain, Canary islands), North America (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Canada, Ontario, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Martinique, Mexico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Wisconsin), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Para, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Chile, Easter Island, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).
Experimental investigation of the limitations of polarisation optics for future gravitational wave detectors based on the polarisation Sagnac speedmeter
Authors: Spencer A P , Barr B W , Bell A S , Briggs J , Dupej P , Huttner S H , Sorazu B , Wright J , Strain K A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The polarisation Sagnac speedmeter interferometer has the potential to replace the Michelson interferometer as the instrumental basis for future generations of ground-based gravitational wave detectors. The quantum noise benefit of this speedmeter is dependent on high-quality polarisation optics, the polarisation beam-splitter (PBS) and quarter-waveplate (QWP) optics that are key to this detector configuration and careful consideration of the effect of birefringence in the arm cavities of the interferometer. A PBS with an extinction ratio of better than 4000 in transmission and 700 in reflection for a 41° angle of incidence was characterised along with a QWP of birefringence of

λ

4

+

λ

324

. The cavity mirror optics of a 10 m prototype polarisation Sagnac speedmeter were measured to have birefringence in the range 1 × 10−3 to 2 × 10−5 radians. This level of birefringence, along with the QWP imperfections, can be cancelled out by careful adjustment of the QWP angle, to the extent that the extinction ratio of the PBS is the leading limitation for the polarisation Sagnac speedmeter in terms of polarisation effects.
Resonant enhancement of Raman scattering by surface phonon polaritons in GaAs nanowires
Authors: Rybchenko Sergey I , Ali Sarfraz , Zhang Yunyan , Liu Huiyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Surface optical phonons are normally considered as subtle and poorly reproducible features in the Raman spectra of nanostructured semiconductors, from which little or no information about the sample can be extracted. The present study demonstrates the potential for changing this situation. For a common type of GaAs semiconductor nanowire (NW), we have shown that due to a combination of size-resonant light concentration, tapered shape and favourable scattering geometry, the surface phonon polariton (SPhP) Raman signal can be enhanced by orders of magnitude. The high signal gain enables routine detailed characterisation of the SPhP peak on an individual NW level, revealing its polarisation properties and spectral shift under variation of the dielectric environment. This detailed characterisation was conducted using very low excitation power density despite high absorption of the excitation light in the NW material. The findings provide an effective way to use SPhP Raman scattering in the characterisation of dielectric NWs and the prospect of developing novel surface sensors.
Topological spin crystals by itinerant frustration
Authors: Hayami Satoru , Motome Yukitoshi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spin textures with nontrivial topology, such as vortices and skyrmions, have attracted attention as a source of unconventional magnetic, transport, and optical phenomena. Recently, a new generation of topological spin textures has been extensively studied in itinerant magnets; in contrast to the conventional ones induced, e.g., by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in noncentrosymmetric systems, they are characterized by extremely short magnetic periods and stable even in centrosymmetric systems. Here we review such new types of topological spin textures with particular emphasis on their stabilization mechanism. Focusing on the interplay between charge and spin degrees of freedom in itinerant electron systems, we show that itinerant frustration, which is the competition among electron-mediated interactions, plays a central role in stabilizing a variety of topological spin crystals including a skyrmion crystal with unconventional high skyrmion number, meron crystals, and hedgehog crystals. We also show that the essential ingredients in the itinerant frustration are represented by bilinear and biquadratic spin interactions in momentum space. This perspective not only provides a unified understanding of the unconventional topological spin crystals but also stimulates further exploration of exotic topological phenomena in itinerant magnets.
Poly(m-phenylenediamine) encapsulated graphene for enhancing corrosion protection performance of epoxy coatings
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zheng Yuying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Graphene (G) is regarded as a tremendous potential corrosion protection material owing to its perfect impermeability. However, the tendency of graphene nanosheets to agglomerate and the corrosion-promotion effect brought by its native high electrical conductivity seriously affect its anti-corrosion application. In this paper, high-energy ball milling was used to prepare graphene with excellent impermeability. Then, insulating poly(m-phenylenediamine) encapsulated graphene (G@PmPD, conductivity of 1.2 × 10−7 S cm−1) was prepared through non-covalent π–π interaction. The resulting amino-rich G@PmPD exhibits stable dispersibility and excellent compatibility in organic solvents and polymer matrix. Embedding 0.5 wt% of G@PmPD into the epoxy matrix, and the composite coating can effectively protect the steel substrate for up to 60 d. This superior corrosion resistance is attributed to the impermeability inherited by G@PmPD and the compactness improved by the cross-linking of G@PmPD and EP. Especially in the damaged state, the composite coating embedded with low conductivity G@PmPD triumphantly eliminated graphene’s corrosion-promotion effect. This study provides promising inspiration for the application of graphene in anti-corrosion field.
On real and pseudo-real rational maps
*
Authors: Hidalgo Ruben A , Quispe Saúl 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The moduli space M
d
, of complex rational maps of degree d ⩾ 2, is a connected complex orbifold which carries a natural real structure, coming from usual complex conjugation. Its real points are the classes of rational maps admitting antiholomorphic automorphisms. The locus of the real points

M

d

(

R

)

decomposes as a disjoint union of the loci

M

d

R

, consisting of the real rational maps, and

P

d

, consisting of the pseudo-real ones. We obtain that, both

M

d

R

and

M

d

(

R

)

, are connected and that

P

d

is disconnected. We also observe that the group of holomorphic automorphisms of a pseudo-real rational map is either trivial or a cyclic group. For every n ⩾ 1, we construct pseudo-real rational maps whose group of holomorphic automorphisms is cyclic of order n. As the field of moduli of a pseudo-real rational map is contained in

R

, these maps provide examples of rational maps which are not definable over their field of moduli. It seems that these are the only explicit examples in the literature (Silverman) of rational maps which cannot be defined over their field of moduli. We provide explicit examples of real rational maps which cannot be defined over their field of moduli. Finally, we also observe that every real rational map, which admits a model over the algebraic numbers, can be defined over the real algebraic numbers.
Analysis of a model of self-propelled agents interacting through pheromone
Authors: Amorim Paulo , Goudon Thierry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We establish well-posedness for a model of self-propelled agents interacting through pheromone which they themselves produce. The model consists of an arbitrary number of agents modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations, for which the acceleration term includes the influence of a chemical signal, or pheromone, which induces a turning-like behaviour. The signal is produced by the agents themselves and obeys a diffusion equation. We prove that the resulting system, which is non-local in both time and space, enjoys well-posedness properties, using a fixed point method, and show some numerical results.
Infinitely many localized semiclassical states for critical nonlinear Dirac equations
Authors: Chen Shaowei , Gou Tianxiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with semiclassical states to the nonlinear Dirac equation with Sobolev critical exponent

−
i
ϵ
α
⋅
∇
u
+
a
β
u
+
V

(

x

)

u
=
|
u

|

q
−
2

u
+
|
u
|
u

in

R

3

, where

u
:

R

3

→

C

4

, 2 < q < 3, ϵ > 0 is a small parameter, a > 0 is a constant, α = (α
1, α
2, α
3), α

j
and β are 4 × 4 Pauli-Dirac matrices. We construct an infinite sequence of semiclassical states with higher energies concentrating around the local minimum points of the potential V. The problem is strongly indefinite and the solutions correspond to critical points of the underlying energy functional at energy levels where compactness condition breaks down. The proof relies on truncation techniques, blow-up arguments together with a local type Pohozaev identity.
Incompressible limit on thin domains with periodic boundary condition
Authors: Li Sai , Li Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We consider convergence to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations/Euler equations for compressible viscous flows on periodic thin domain

Ω

δ

=

T

a

2

×
δ
T

with general initial data. Compared with Caggio et al (2020 Nonlinearity
33 840–863), where similar problems are considered in the whole space, we have to deal with the persistence of acoustic waves. We prove that the weak solutions in the 3D domain converge weakly/strongly to the solutions of the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations/Euler equations when the Mach number ɛ goes to 0 as well as the thickness δ/the viscosity goes to 0.
L

q
-spectra of self-affine measures: closed forms, counterexamples, and split binomial sums
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M , Lee Lawrence D , Morris Ian D , Yu Han 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study L

q
-spectra of planar self-affine measures generated by diagonal matrices. We introduce a new technique for constructing and understanding examples based on combinatorial estimates for the exponential growth of certain split binomial sums. Using this approach we disprove a theorem of Falconer and Miao from 2007 and a conjecture of Miao from 2008 concerning a closed form expression for the generalised dimensions of generic self-affine measures. We also answer a question of Fraser from 2016 in the negative by proving that a certain natural closed form expression does not generally give the L

q
-spectrum. As a further application we provide examples of self-affine measures whose L

q
-spectra exhibit new types of phase transitions. Finally, we provide new non-trivial closed form bounds for the L

q
-spectra, which in certain cases yield sharp results.
On the non-integrability and dynamics of discrete models of threads
Authors: Kozlov Valery , Polekhin Ivan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the paper, we study the dynamics of planar n-gons, which can be considered as discrete models of threads. The main result of the paper is that, under some weak assumptions, these systems are not integrable in the sense of Liouville. This holds for both completely free threads and for threads with fixed points that are placed in external force fields. We present sufficient conditions for the positivity of topological entropy in such systems. We briefly consider other dynamical properties of discrete threads and we also consider discrete models of inextensible yet compressible threads.
Thermodynamics education for energy transformation: a Stirling Engine experiment
Authors: Yeadon Will , Quinn Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a thermodynamics experiment suitable for first year undergraduate students employing Stirling Engines to create a demonstration of energy transformation and to measure the mechanical efficiency of such engines. Using an inexpensive transparent chambered Stirling Engine, students can connect concepts such as the theoretical pressure-volume diagram with the physical movements of the engine’s pistons and the resultant useful output work of a spinning wheel. We found the majority of students successfully complete this experiment obtaining results similar to when performed by the authors. In addition to the core thermodynamics lesson, this experiment incorporates DC circuits, oscilloscopes, and data analysis so it can be integrated into a wider undergraduate physics course to combine the teaching of multiple subjects.
COVID-19 precautions for public astronomy education sessions
Authors: Carlin Andrew P , Marques Joana B V , Moutinho Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper suggests possible futures for astronomy activities in a post-COVID environment. A corpus of video recordings of astronomy education sessions held in different settings allowed the authors to analyse how sessions are achieved, with inclusive focus on the astronomers, the public attending sessions, and people looking through telescopes. Videos were recorded in Portugal in 2019 and the beginning of 2020. From these video data, and experience as science educators, the authors identify practices that are characteristic of astronomy education—some of these will no longer be safe procedures while living with COVID-19. With planning, both indoor and outdoor astronomy education sessions can continue safely without sacrificing the excitement of seeing objects in the sky. There is more to astronomy than looking through a telescope.