bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galectin‐3 and Interleukin‐17: A potential role in the pathogenesis of human papilloma virus infection
Authors: NW Mikhael , GA Attya , AA El‐Fallah , AM Hamed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn many cases, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is self‐limiting, as innate and adaptive cell‐mediated immunity is needed for infection elimination; however, the inability of the immune system in some patients to clear the infection is a matter of debate. The interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family cytokines play an important protective role in host immune response to infections, through maintaining immunity against specific pathogens, induction of antimicrobial proteins, and recruitment of neutrophils to sites of invasion. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) may be considered as a marker of viral infection as many studies reported its increased serum level in viral infections.AimsTo evaluate levels of serum Gal‐3 and IL‐17 in patients with verrucas and to explore the potential role of these markers in the pathogenesis of the disease.MethodsFifty patients suffering from HPV Infection, and fifty healthy controls were included in this study. Serum levels of Gal‐3 and IL‐17 were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe patients’ serum Gal‐3 was significantly higher, while IL‐17 was significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (p‐value < 0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between Gal‐3 serum level and disease duration and number of warts. Significant negative correlation exists between IL‐17 and Gal‐3 levels.ConclusionOur results indicate a potential role of both IL‐17 and Gal‐3 in the pathogenesis of warts and open a new opportunity in targeting these markers in the future in treating warts.
Rescripting—A grounded theory study of the contribution that fathers make to Family‐Based Treatment when a young person has anorexia nervosa
Authors: McMahon Karen , Stoddart Kathleen , Harris Fiona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo present a grounded theory of the contribution that fathers make to family‐based treatment when a young person has anorexia nervosa.BackgroundResearch indicates a potential to improve outcomes by involving both parents in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. However, fathers are underrepresented both within treatment and research. Family‐based treatment requiring the involvement of both parents presents an opportunity to better understand the role of the father in treatment.DesignClassic grounded theory.MethodsIndividual interviews conducted with fifteen fathers involved in family‐based treatment. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsFathers valued being involved in family‐based treatment and felt they had an important contribution to make. The analysis captures the overall contribution that fathers make and the impact of their involvement. Four categories; Being on the Outside, Finding a Way In, Finding a Way to Be and Finding a Way to Let Go and one core category Repositioning were generated from the data. A substantive theory of Rescripting, generated from categories and the core category, describes the way that participating in family‐based treatment changes fathers and their role.ConclusionsFathers make an important and significant contribution to family‐based treatment when a young person has anorexia nervosa. The findings inform clinicians about the importance of including fathers in the treatment of young people with anorexia nervosa. They highlight the importance of incorporating support mechanisms into family‐based treatment to harness and maximise the paternal contribution.Relevance to clinical practicePaternal contribution to family‐based treatment can be maximised to improve outcomes for young people with anorexia nervosa.
What is the “opposite” of a value? A lexical investigation into the structure of generally undesirable goal content
Authors: Wilkowski Benjamin M. , Williamson Laverl Z. , Rivera Emilio , Fetterman Adam , Meier Brian P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesPast taxonomies of goal‐content have focused (either exclusively or predominantly) on generally‐desirable values, and they suggest that some values oppose other values. However, many goals are generally‐undesirable (i.e., the average person is committed to avoiding them), and these “vices” have been under‐studied. This is an important gap because other models suggest that the “opposite” of a value is actually a vice.MethodsTo fill this gap, we conducted a lexical investigation. Two large samples (involving 504 undergraduates & 257 online participants) first rated their commitment to approaching or avoiding a large number of goals from the English lexicon.ResultsAnalyses indicated that vices can be summarized in terms of Elitism, Rebellion, and Disrepute, which appear opposite from Inclusiveness, Tradition, and Prominence values (respectively) in MDS models. In Study 3 (involving 280 undergraduates) and Study 4 (involving 261 online participants), we found that Schwartz values of Universalism, Tradition, and Self‐Enhancement actually appeared opposite from Elitism, Rebellion, and Disrepute (respectively) in MDS models, rather than from other values.ConclusionsThis investigation develops an instrument which can distinguish between different vices at a holistic level, and it suggests that they are actually the opposite of select values.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Adolescents’ Daily Lives: The Role of Parent–Child Relationship Quality
Authors: Janssens Julie J. , Achterhof Robin , Lafit Ginette , Bamps Eva , Hagemann Noëmi , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Lecei Aleksandra , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Kirtley Olivia J. 
Published: August 2021

COVID‐19 lockdown measures have profoundly impacted adolescent’ daily life, with research suggesting an increase in irritability, stress, loneliness, and family conflict. A potential protective factor is parent–child relationship quality; however, no studies have investigated this. We used data from SIGMA, a longitudinal, experience sampling cohort study, in which N = 173 adolescents aged 11 to 20 were tested before and during COVID‐19. Multilevel analyses showed decreased daily‐life irritability and increased loneliness from pre‐ to mid‐pandemic. Daily‐life stress levels were unchanged. Relationship quality was negatively associated with irritability and loneliness and buffered against the increase in loneliness. Effect sizes were small and do not support a strong effect of the first lockdown on irritability, stress, loneliness, and family conflict in adolescents.
Social Disconnection During COVID‐19: The Role of Attachment, Fear of Missing Out, and Smartphone Use
Authors: Parent Natasha , Dadgar Kyle , Xiao Bowen , Hesse Cassandra , Shapka Jennifer D. 
Published: August 2021

This mixed‐methods study explored adolescents’ (n = 682) feelings of social connection in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic and examined potential risk (fear of missing out, problematic smartphone use) and protective (parent/peer attachment, smartphone use) factors to social disconnection. Data were collected from two schools in Canada using an online survey with questionnaires and open‐ended questions. Three themes regarding adolescents’ feelings of social connection during the pandemic were identified through thematic content analysis: (1) feeling socially connected, (2) feeling socially disconnected, and (3) feeling socially indifferent. Moreover, regression analysis identified secure peer attachments as a protective factor against social disconnection in the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic, while fear of missing out was identified as an independent risk factor.
Adolescent and Maternal Anxiety Symptoms Decreased but Depressive Symptoms Increased before to during COVID‐19 Lockdown
Authors: Hollenstein Tom , Colasante Tyler , Lougheed Jessica P. 
Published: August 2021

Mothers (n = 155) and their adolescent children (n = 146; aged 12–13 at pre‐COVID wave [Time 1, September 2019 to March 2020]) repeated measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and details about the impacts of the pandemic and social distancing at Time 2 (May‐June 2020). Average slopes of mother and adolescent depression increased but anxiety symptoms decreased from Time 1 to Time 2. Adolescent decreases in anxiety symptoms were driven by males, whereas depression increase was driven by females. Adolescents’ depression slopes were steeper for those who reported more negative changes. Implications are discussed relative to findings from other regions and later phases of the pandemic.
Egyptian and Roma Adolescents’ Perspectives on Their Developmental Assets in Albania During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Miconi Diana , Dervishi Eglantina , Wiium Nora , Johnson‐Lafleur Janique , Ibrahimi Silva , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: August 2021

This mixed‐method study explores the accessibility of developmental assets among Egyptian and Roma minority youth in Albania during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Six focus groups were conducted in August 2020 with Egyptian (n = 16) and Roma (n = 15) adolescents (14–20 years, Mage = 16.71; SDage = 2.00; 14 girls and 17 boys). In addition, adolescents rated how much they experienced each developmental asset. Descriptive and thematic analyses highlighted: (1) low developmental assets and barriers to accessing resources, (2) mental health concerns and coping strategies, (3) the role of proximal contexts of life, and (4) experiences within the society in terms of discrimination, integration, and contribution to society. Inter‐sectoral community‐based interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on minority youth.
Are feeding disorders and feeding tube dependency the same?: A discrimination study between feeding disorders, feeding tube dependency and healthy eaters
Authors: Wilken Markus , Hesse Maximillia , Jockenhöfer Antonia , Pohl Nadine 
Published: August 2021

AimFeeding disorders (FD) and feeding tube dependency (FTD) are defined by a persistent pattern of food aversion, but data regarding the frequency of food aversion symptoms are scarce. In this study, the frequency of aversion symptoms for FD, FTD and healthy eaters (HE) were compared.MethodsWe compared the frequency of food aversion symptoms in a group with FD (n = 32) and FTD (n = 39) to HE (n = 38) using the AFT questionnaire. This includes growth data as well as the feeding aversion scale and the frequency of food aversion symptoms.ResultsHE were reported to have minor frequency of symptoms, while FD children were reported to have daily aversive symptoms. FTD patients had the highest frequency in total. There were significant differences between FD and FTD regarding the frequency of food refusal, vomiting and bizarre eating patterns, and there were different correlative patterns of food aversion.ConclusionsChildren with FD and FTD show significantly different patterns of feeding behaviour compared to healthy norms as well as to each other. This suggests individualised assessment and treatment programs may be most beneficial for the needs of children with FD and FTD.
Acquired cervical scoliosis in two dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disease
Authors: Poad Lydia , De Decker Steven , Fenn Joe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcquired cervical scoliosis previously has been reported in dogs as a clinical sign associated with Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia but has not been described with inflammatory central nervous system disease. A 9‐month‐old Flat‐Coated Retriever was presented with an acute onset of cervical scoliosis with no other neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a focal, poorly defined intramedullary lesion within the cranial cervical spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis indicated mononuclear pleocytosis consistent with a diagnosis of meningomyelitis of unknown etiology. A second dog, a 3‐year‐old female spayed German Shepherd, developed an acute onset of cervical scoliosis with mild generalized proprioceptive ataxia 2 months after commencing immunosuppressive corticosteroid treatment for presumed steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis. Magnetic resonance imaging at the time of diagnosis disclosed a similar intramedullary lesion within the cranial cervical spinal cord, with a neutrophilic pleocytosis on CSF analysis. Both dogs were treated with immunosuppressive dosages of prednisolone, along with cytosine arabinoside in the first dog, with resolution of cervical scoliosis seen in both. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acute onset acquired, reversible cervical scoliosis in dogs with presumed immune‐mediated meningomyelitis.
Divergence in the Aquilegia ecalcarata complex is correlated with geography and climate oscillations: Evidence from plastid genome data
Authors: Xue Cheng , Geng Fang‐Dong , Li Jiao‐Jie , Zhang Dan‐Qing , Gao Fei , Huang Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Kang Ju‐Qing , Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Ren Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuaternary climate oscillations and geographical heterogeneity play important roles in determining species and genetic diversity distribution patterns, but how these factors affect the migration and differentiation of East Asian plants species at the population level remains poorly understood. The Aquilegia ecalcarata complex, a group that originated in the Late Tertiary and is widely distributed throughout East Asia, displays high genetic variation that is suitable for studying elaborate phylogeographic patterns and demographic history related to the impact of Quaternary climate and geography. We used plastid genome data from 322 individuals in 60 populations of the A. ecalcarata complex to thoroughly explore the impact of Quaternary climate oscillations and geography on the phylogeographic patterns and demographic history of the A. ecalcarata complex through a series of phylogenetic, divergence time estimation, and demographic history analyses. The dry, cold climate and frequent climate oscillations that occurred during the early Pleistocene and the Mid‐Pleistocene transition led to the differentiation of the A. ecalcarata complex, which was isolated in various areas. Geographically, the A. ecalcarata complex can be divided into Eastern and Western Clades and five subclades, which conform to the divergence of the East Asian flora. Our results clearly show the impact of Quaternary climate and geography on evolutionary history at the population level. These findings promote the understanding of the relationship between plant genetic differentiation and climate and geographical factors of East Asia at the population level.
Of telomeres and temperature: Measuring thermal effects on telomeres in ectothermic animals
Authors: Friesen Christopher R. , Wapstra Erik , Olsson Mats 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEctotherms are classic models for understanding life‐history tradeoffs, including the reproduction–somatic maintenance tradeoffs that may be reflected in telomere length and their dynamics. Importantly, life‐history traits of ectotherms are tightly linked to their thermal environment, with diverse or synergistic mechanistic explanations underpinning the variation. Telomere dynamics potentially provide a mechanistic link that can be used to monitor thermal effects on individuals in response to climatic perturbations. Growth rate, age and developmental stage are all affected by temperature, which interacts with telomere dynamics in complex and intriguing ways. The physiological processes underpinning telomere dynamics can be visualized and understood using thermal performance curves (TPCs). TPCs reflect the evolutionary history and the thermal environment during an individual's ontogeny. Telomere maintenance should be enhanced at or near the thermal performance optimum of a species, population and individual. The thermal sensitivity of telomere dynamics should reflect the interacting TPCs of the processes underlying them. The key processes directly underpinning telomere dynamics are mitochondrial function (reactive oxygen production), antioxidant activity, telomerase activity and telomere endcap protein status. We argue that identifying TPCs for these processes will significantly help design robust, repeatable experiments and field studies of telomere dynamics in ectotherms. Conceptually, TPCs are a valuable framework to predict and interpret taxon‐ and population‐specific telomere dynamics across thermal regimes. The literature of thermal effects on telomeres in ectotherms is sparse and mostly limited to vertebrates, but our conclusions and recommendations are relevant across ectothermic animals.
Irony Comprehension in Bidialectal Speakers
Authors: ANTONIOU KYRIAKOS , MILAKI EMMANOUELA 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParallel to globalization, our world is becoming increasingly multilingual. We examined the effect of multilingualism on irony comprehension, focusing on a specific type of multilinguals, that is, bidialectal speakers of two dialects of the same language (Cypriot Greek and Standard Modern Greek). Specifically, we investigated the effects of second language (L2) proficiency and use on a continuous scale. We also examined the cognitive factors that underpin irony interpretation, focusing on executive control. Finally, we aimed to adjudicate between the direct and delayed access models of irony processing. We used an act‐out test involving short videos, where irony was indexed by different (combinations of) cues (context, intonation, and face). Experiment 1 validated that ironic cues were perceived as such and were distinguishable from other comparable nonironic cues. Experiment 2 revealed that increased bidialectalism (specifically, higher L2 use) was associated with faster irony processing. Moreover, better working memory resulted in faster ironic interpretations. Finally, ironic interpretations were processed as fast as literal meanings, at least in some experimental conditions. The latter result supports the direct access model of irony. We discuss our findings in the context of 2 accounts of multilingual pragmatics—namely, that multilinguals enjoy a pragmatic advantage and that they have a monolingual‐like pragmatic system.
Community response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to extreme drought in a cold‐temperate grassland
Authors: Fu Wei , Chen Baodong , Rillig Matthias C. , Jansa Jan , Ma Wang , Xu Chong , Luo Wentao , Wu Honghui , Hao Zhipeng , Wu Hui , Zhao Aihua , Yu Qiang , Han Xingguo 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Climate extremes pose enormous threats to natural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are key plant symbionts that can affect plant community dynamics and ecosystem stability. However, knowledge about how AM fungal communities respond to climate extremes in natural ecosystems remains elusive.

Based on a grassland extreme drought experiment in Inner Mongolia, we investigated the response of AM fungal communities to extreme drought in association with plant communities. The experiment simulated two types of extreme drought (chronic/intense) of once‐in‐20‐year occurrence.

AM fungal richness and community composition exhibited high sensitivity to extreme drought and were more sensitive to intense drought than chronic drought. This community sensitivity (i.e. decline in richness and shifts in community composition) of AM fungi can be jointly explained by soil moisture, plant richness, and aboveground productivity. Notably, the robustness of the plant–AM fungal community co‐response increased with drought intensity.

Our results indicate that AM fungal communities are sensitive to climate extremes, and we propose that the plant community mediates AM fungal community responses. Given the ubiquitous nature of AM associations, their climate sensitivity may have profound consequences on plant communities and ecosystem stability under climate change.
Deep learning‐based quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots
Authors: Evangelisti Edouard , Turner Carl , McDowell Alice , Shenhav Liron , Yunusov Temur , Gavrin Aleksandr , Servante Emily K. , Quan Clément , Schornack Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Soil fungi establish mutualistic interactions with the roots of most vascular land plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are among the most extensively characterised mycobionts to date. Current approaches to quantifying the extent of root colonisation and the abundance of hyphal structures in mutant roots rely on staining and human scoring involving simple yet repetitive tasks which are prone to variation between experimenters.

We developed Automatic Mycorrhiza Finder (AMFinder) which allows for automatic computer vision‐based identification and quantification of AM fungal colonisation and intraradical hyphal structures on ink‐stained root images using convolutional neural networks.

AMFinder delivered high‐confidence predictions on image datasets of roots of multiple plant hosts (Nicotiana benthamiana, Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Oryza sativa) and captured the altered colonisation in ram1‐1, str, and smax1 mutants. A streamlined protocol for sample preparation and imaging allowed us to quantify mycobionts from the genera Rhizophagus, Claroideoglomus, Rhizoglomus and Funneliformis via flatbed scanning or digital microscopy, including dynamic increases in colonisation in whole root systems over time.

AMFinder adapts to a wide array of experimental conditions. It enables accurate, reproducible analyses of plant root systems and will support better documentation of AM fungal colonisation analyses. AMFinder can be accessed at https://github.com/SchornacklabSLCU/amfinder.
Carbon–nitrogen relations of ectomycorrhizal mycelium across a natural nitrogen supply gradient in boreal forest
Authors: Högberg Mona N. , Högberg Peter , Wallander Håkan , Nilsson Lars‐Ola 
Published: August 2021

Summary

The supply of carbon (C) from tree photosynthesis to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is known to decrease with increasing plant nitrogen (N) supply, but how this affects fungal nutrition and growth remains to be clarified.

We placed mesh‐bags with quartz sand, with or without an organic N (15N‐, 13C‐labeled) source, in the soil along a natural N supply gradient in boreal forest, to measure growth and use of N and C by ECM extramatrical mycelia.

Mycelial C : N declined with increasing N supply. Addition of N increased mycelial growth at the low‐N end of the gradient. We found an inverse relationship between uptake of added N and C; the use of added N was high when ambient N was low, whereas use of added C was high when C from photosynthesis was low.

We propose that growth of ECM fungi is N‐limited when soil N is scarce and tree belowground C allocation to ECM fungi is high, but is C‐limited when N supply is high and tree belowground C allocation is low. This suggests that ECM fungi have a major role in soil N retention in nutrient‐poor, but less so in nutrient‐rich boreal forests.