bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct comparison of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant versus warfarin for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world evidences
Authors: Waranugraha Yoga , Rizal Ardian , Syaban Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki , Faratisha Icha Farihah Deniyati , Erwan Nabila Erina , Yunita Khadijah Cahya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo overcome the several drawbacks of warfarin, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were developed. Even though randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provided high-quality evidence, the real-world evidence is still needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis proposed to measure the safety and efficacy profile between warfarin and NOACs in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients in preventing stroke.ResultsWe collected articles about the real-world studies comparing warfarin and NOACs for NVAF patients recorded in electronic scientific databases such as Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, and Cochrane. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the generic inverse variance method. A total of 34 real-world studies, including 2287288 NVAF patients, were involved in this study. NOACs effectively reduced the stroke risk than warfarin (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.87;p< 0.01). Moreover, NOACs effectively lowered all-cause mortality risk (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.81;p< 0.01). From the safety aspect, compared to warfarin, NOACs significantly reduced major bleeding risk (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86;p< 0.01) and intracranial bleeding risk (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.70;p< 0.01). However, NOACs administration failed to decrease gastrointestinal bleeding risk (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.58 to 1.06;p= 0.12).ConclusionsIn NVAF patients, NOACs were found to be more effective than warfarin at reducing stroke risk. NOACSs also lowered the risk of all-cause mortality, cerebral hemorrhage, and severe bleeding in NVAF patients compared to warfarin.
Impaired aerobic capacity and premature fatigue preceding muscle weakness in the skeletal muscle Tfam-knockout mouse model
Authors: Chatel Benjamin , Ducreux Sylvie , Harhous Zeina , Bendridi Nadia , Varlet Isabelle , Ogier Augustin C. , Bernard Monique , Gondin Julien , Rieusset Jennifer , Westerblad Håkan , Bendahan David , Gineste Charlotte 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial diseases are genetic disorders that lead to impaired mitochondrial function, resulting in exercise intolerance and muscle weakness. In patients, muscle fatigue due to defects in mitochondrial oxidative capacities commonly precedes muscle weakness. In mice, deletion of the fast-twitch skeletal muscle-specific Tfam gene (Tfam KO) leads to a deficit in respiratory chain activity, severe muscle weakness and early death. Here, we performed a time-course study of mitochondrial and muscular dysfunctions in 11- and 14-week-old Tfam KO mice, i.e. before and when mice are about to enter the terminal stage, respectively. Although force in the unfatigued state was reduced in Tfam KO mice compared to control littermates (wild type) only at 14 weeks, during repeated submaximal contractions fatigue was faster at both ages. During fatiguing stimulation, total phosphocreatine breakdown was larger in Tfam KO muscle than in wild-type muscle at both ages, whereas phosphocreatine consumption was faster only at 14 weeks. In conclusion, the Tfam KO mouse model represents a reliable model of lethal mitochondrial myopathy in which impaired mitochondrial energy production and premature fatigue occur before muscle weakness and early death.
The radiation doses and radiation protection on the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures
Authors: Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Hayashi Shiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: August 2021

Although many interventions involving radiation exposure have been replaced to endoscopic procedure in the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary fields, there remains no alternative for enteroscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which requires the use of radiation. In this review, we discuss the radiation doses and protective measures of endoscopic procedures, especially for ERCP. For the patient radiation dose, the average dose area product for diagnostic ERCP was 14–26 Gy.cm², while it increased to as high as 67–89 Gy.cm² for therapeutic ERCP. The corresponding entrance skin doses for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP were 90 and 250 mGy, respectively. The mean effective doses were 3– 6 mSv for diagnostic ERCP and 12–20 mSv for therapeutic ERCP. For the occupational radiation dose, the typical doses were 94 μGy and 75 μGy for the eye and neck, respectively. However, with an over-couch-type X-ray unit, the eye and neck doses reached as high as 550 and 450 μGy, with maximal doses of up to 2.8 and 2.4 mGy/procedure, respectively.
A protective lead shield was effective for an over couch X-ray tube unit. It lowered scattered radiation by up to 89.1% in a phantom study. In actual measurements, the radiation exposure of the endoscopist closest to the unit was reduced to approximately 12%. In conclusion, there is a clear need for raising awareness among medical personnel involved endoscopic procedures to minimise radiation risks to both the patients and staff.
The effect of calcar femoral neck plating on vascularity of the femoral head and neck
Authors: Kubik Jeremy F. , Bornes Troy D. , Klinger Craig E. , Dyke Jonathan P. , Helfet David L. 
Published: August 2021

Aims Surgical treatment of young femoral neck fractures often requires an open approach to achieve an anatomical reduction. The application of a calcar plate has recently been described to aid in femoral neck fracture reduction and to augment fixation. However, application of a plate may potentially compromise the regional vascularity of the femoral head and neck. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of calcar femoral neck plating on the vascularity of the femoral head and neck. Methods A Hueter approach and capsulotomy were performed bilaterally in six cadaveric hips. In the experimental group, a one-third tubular plate was secured to the inferomedial femoral neck at 6:00 on the clockface. The contralateral hip served as a control with surgical approach and capsulotomy without fixation. Pre- and post-contrast MRI was then performed to quantify signal intensity in the femoral head and neck. Qualitative assessment of the terminal arterial branches to the femoral head, specifically the inferior retinacular artery (IRA), was also performed. Results Quantitative MRI revealed a mean reduction of 1.8% (SD 3.1%) of arterial contribution in the femoral head and a mean reduction of 7.1% (SD 10.6%) in the femoral neck in the plating group compared to non-plated controls. Based on femoral head quadrant analysis, the largest mean decrease in arterial contribution was in the inferomedial quadrant (4.0%, SD 6.6%). No significant differences were found between control and experimental hips for any femoral neck or femoral head regions. The inferior retinaculum of Weitbrecht (containing the IRA) was directly visualized in six of 12 specimens. Qualitative MRI assessment confirmed IRA integrity in all specimens. Conclusion Calcar femoral neck plating at the 6:00 position on the clockface resulted in minimal decrease in femoral head and neck vascularity, and therefore it may be considered as an adjunct to laterally-based fixation for reduction and fixation of femoral neck fractures, especially in younger patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):611–617.
Near-Earth space balloon-based multi-band airglow imager optic design
Authors: Wang Zhanchao , Huang Min , Sun Yan , Tao Tao , Qian Lulu , Zhang Guifeng , Zhao Baowei , Han Wei , Wang Guangming , Zhao Yixin 
Published: August 2021

As a common tracer in the atmosphere, airglow can be used as an important means to study the interaction between the lower atmosphere, near space, and ionosphere. In the near-Earth space, the high-altitude balloon can realize long time flight, which makes the airglow detection realize both high range resolution and time resolution. In this paper, a balloon-based multi-band airglow imager is designed, which can observe OI (557.7 nm), Na (589.3 nm), OI (630.0 nm), and OH (720–910 nm) with annular field of view (30° inner ring and 80° outer ring), and its resolution is 500 m at 250 km. The multi-band airglow imager designed in this paper is equipped in the payload cabin and raised to above 30 km for flat flying for more than 6 h. The experimental results show that the imager worked normally, and airglow images were photographed and stored; the optical system can stand the harsh environment in the near space. The multi-band airglow imager designed in this paper will take part in other near-space exploration tasks in the future and obtain corresponding results.
Luminous efficacy enhancement for LED lamps using highly reflective quantum dot-based photoluminescent films
Authors: Yu Binhai , Lu Zhou , Liang Guanwei , Yuan Yikai , Wang Hong , He Jinqing , Yang Shu 
Published: August 2021

In this study, a strongly reflective and photoluminescent (PL) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) quantum dot (QD) hybrid nanofiber (PQHN) structure is introduced to enhance the luminous efficacy of QD-phosphor hybrid white light-emitting diodes (QD-WLEDs). As the thickness of PQHN film increases, the PL is found to continuously increase, exhibiting a maximum peak intensity at 120 μm, which is 1.92 times that at 12 μm, and showing the highest diffuse reflectance of 94.4% at 640 nm. Consequently, while using the QD-WLEDs, the PQHN structure achieves a 53.8% improvement in luminous flux compared with the traditional structure under a similar correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3,540 K, achieving a high luminous efficacy of 202.11 lm W-1 for QD-WLEDs. In addition, the maximum deviation of the CCT is only 11 K when the current is changed from 50 to 950 mA, demonstrating good stability. Therefore, the PQHN films have great potential in lighting systems as a hybrid functional film including light conversion and reflectance.
Broadly tunable, intracavity injection-seeded, hybrid optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Wei Junxiong , Chaitanya Kumar S. , Ebrahim-Zadeh M. 
Published: August 2021

We report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for injection seeding of pulsed optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), which can provide spectral control over the full tuning range. Bandwidth reduction down to single-mode operation is realized across the pulsed tuning range by deploying a hybrid design, where a continuous-wave (cw) OPO injection seeds the pulsed OPO in a single composite cavity. By exploiting two identical MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate crystals, the hybrid OPO provides signal pulses with a single-frequency linewidth as narrow as 7.2 MHz across 1510–1677 nm. The effect of cw injection seeding on pulsed OPO operation is also confirmed by reduced rise time, increased pump depletion, major reduction in threshold, and substantial enhancement in output power and extraction efficiency.
Prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive and behavioural changes based on a sixty-month longitudinal follow-up
Authors: Ye Shan , Jin Pingping , Chen Lu , Zhang Nan , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Approximately 50% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in varying degrees and forms. Previous studies have shown that cognitive and behavioural changes may indicate a poor prognosis, and cognitive function gradually deteriorates over the course of disease, but the results of different studies have been inconsistent. In addition, there are relatively limited long-term follow-up studies tracking death as an endpoint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical prognostic characteristics of ALS patients with cognitive behavioural changes through long-term follow-up in a cohort.

Methods
A total of 87 ALS patients from 2014 to 2015 in the Third Hospital of Peking University were selected and divided into a pure ALS group, an ALS with behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (ALS-bvFTD) group, and an ALS with cognitive and behaviour changes group. All patients were followed up for 60 months. The main end point was death and tracheotomy.

Results
There was no significant difference in survival curve between pure ALS and ALS with cognitive and behavioural change group, but the survival time of ALS-bvFTD group was significantly lower than the other two groups (P < 0.001). For those who was followed up to the endpoint, the survival time of the ALS-bvFTD group was significantly shorter than that of the pure ALS group (t = 5.33, p < 0.001) or the ALS with cognitive and behaviour changes group (t = 4.25, p < 0.001). The progression rate of ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (FRS-R) scores from recruitment to endpoint was significantly faster in the ALS-bvFTD group than in the pure ALS group (z = 2.68, p = 0.01) or the ALS with cognitive and behavioural changes group (z = 2.75, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in survival time (t = 0.52, P = 0.60) or FRS-R score progression rate (z = 0.31, p = 0.76) between the pure ALS group and the ALS with cognitive and behavioural changes group. The total Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Screen (ECAS) score was positively correlated with survival time (r = 0.38, p = 0.01).

Conclusion
ALS-bvFTD patients have shorter survival time. The total ECAS score may be correlated with survival time.
Circulating Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes as marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) levels and the association with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population
Authors: Donkel Samantha J. , Wolters Frank J. , Ikram M. Arfan , de Maat Moniek P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA scaffolds enriched with antimicrobial proteins. NETs have been implicated in the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigate the association of demographic and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors with NETs in the general population.

Material and methods
Citrated plasma was collected from 6449 participants, aged ≥55 years, as part of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. NETs were quantified by measuring MPO-DNA complex using an ELISA. We used linear regression to determine the associations between MPO-DNA complex and age, sex, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and plasma markers of inflammation and coagulation.

Results
MPO-DNA complex levels were weakly associated with age (log difference per 10 year increase: -0.04 mAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.06;-0.02), a history of coronary heart disease (yes versus no: -0.10 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.17;-0.03), the use of lipid-lowering drugs (yes versus no: -0.06 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.12;-0.01), and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l increase: -0.07 mAU/mL/, 95% CI -0.12;-0.03).

Conclusions
Older age, a history of coronary heart disease, the use of lipid-lowering drugs and higher HDL-cholesterol are weakly correlated with lower plasma levels of NETs. These findings show that the effect of CVD risk factors on NETs levels in a general population is only small and may not be of clinical relevance. This supports that NETs may play a more important role in an acute phase of disease than in a steady state situation.
Paramedic interactions with the packaging of medications and medical supplies: Poor package design has the potential to impact patient outcomes
Authors: Lee Jiyon , Cash Rebecca E. , Crowe Remle P. , Hong Hyokyoung G. , Panchal Ashish R. , Silk Kami , Helmker Marvin , Bix Laura 
Published: August 2021

Background
Settings where Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are provided to stabilize patients and transport them to locations better equipped to provide comprehensive care, “prehospital settings,” are not frequently considered when designing packaged products. Packaging design is an understudied area, potentially impacting both healthcare provider behavior and patient outcomes. Our objectives were to: 1) describe difficulties associated with packaging in prehospital settings 2) investigate the coping strategies used by paramedics when difficulties occurred, and 3) assess the potential impacts these difficulties had on patient care.

Methods
An online, cross-sectional survey was distributed via email using the National EMS Certification database maintained by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) to a random sample of nationally-certified paramedics. Eligible respondents were aged 18 and older, employed as paramedics and had administered care in a prehospital setting within the previous 12 months. Survey items explored difficulties experienced and coping strategies used when difficulty was encountered identifying or opening medications and/or medical supplies. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were calculated to analyse responses for trends.

Results
Of the 12,000 emails sent, 1,912 participants responded (response rate = 16%). After removing respondents who had not administered care within the past 12 months and partial surveys, data from 1,702 respondents were analysed. Nearly 20% of all respondents reported that they had experienced difficulties identifying (21.1%) or opening (20.5%) medications and identifying (17.0%) or opening (23.4%) medical supplies within the past year. Between 1.2% (identifying a medication) and 3.0% (opening supplies) of those included in the analysis indicated that reported difficulties had negatively impacted patient care. Common coping strategies reported to deal with difficulty opening included partner assistance, tool use (scissors, pens, and knives), and the use of teeth, all potential pathways for the transmission of microbes, conceivably further impacting outcomes.

Conclusion
More thoughtfully designed packaging for prehospital settings has the potential to benefit both EMS providers and the patients that they care for.
Detection of retinal changes with optical coherence tomography angiography in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Hui Jingwen , Zhao Yun , Yu Shasha , Liu Jinfeng , Chiu Kin , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To assess retinal microvascular network impairments in the eyes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify relevant studies detecting retinal microvascular attenuation among AD, MCI patients and cognitively healthy controls (HCs) by OCTA. Data were extracted by Review Manager V.5.4 and Stata V.14.0.

Results
Eight investigations were included in this meta-analysis, with 150 AD patients, 195 MCI patients and 226 HCs were eligible for meta-analysis. Evidence based on these studies demonstrated that there was a significantly decreased vessel density (VD) of the Optovue group in superficial capillary plexus (SCP): WMD = -2.26, 95% CI: -3.98 to -0.55, p = 0.01; in deep capillary plexus (DCP): WMD = -3.40, 95% CI: -5.99 to -0.81, p = 0.01, VD of the Zeiss group in SCP:WMD = -0.91, 95% CI: -1.79 to -0.02, p = 0.05 and an enlarged fovea avascular zone (FAZ):WMD = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.11, P = 0.02 in OCTA measurements of MCI patients. Additionally, in OCTA measurements of AD patients, there was a significantly decreased VD in the SCP: WMD = -1.88, 95% CI: -2.7 to -1.07, p<0.00001. In contrast, there was no significant decrease in DCP nor enlargement of FAZ in AD patients.

Conclusion
Retinal microvascular alternations could be optimally screened in MCI patients detected by OCTA, which could be a warning sign of relative changes in the MCI before progressing to AD. Retinal microvasculature changes worth further investigation in larger scale clinical trials.
Good practices for dialysis education, treatment, and eHealth: A scoping review
Authors: van Eck van der Sluijs Anita , Vonk Sanne , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. , Bonenkamp Anna A. , Abrahams Alferso C. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Recommendations regarding dialysis education and treatment are provided in various (inter)national guidelines, which should ensure that these are applied uniformly in nephrology and dialysis centers. However, there is much practice variation which could be explained by good practices: practices developed by local health care professionals, which are not evidence-based. Because an overview of good practices is lacking, we performed a scoping review to identify and summarize the available good practices for dialysis education, treatment, and eHealth.

Methods
Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL databases and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles using all synonyms for the words ‘kidney failure’, ‘dialysis’, and ‘good practice’. Relevant articles were structured according to the categories dialysis education, dialysis treatment or eHealth, and assessed for content and results.

Results
Nineteen articles (12 for dialysis education, 3 for dialysis treatment, 4 for eHealth) are identified. The good practices for education endorse the importance of providing complete and objective predialysis education, assisting peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in adequately performing PD, educating hemodialysis (HD) patients on self-management, and talking with dialysis patients about their prognosis. The good practices for dialysis treatment focus mainly on dialysis access devices and general quality improvement of dialysis care. Finally, eHealth is useful for HD and PD and affects both quality of care and health-related quality of life.

Conclusion
Our scoping review identifies 19 articles describing good practices and their results for dialysis education, dialysis treatment, and eHealth. These good practices could be valuable in addition to guidelines for increasing shared-decision making in predialysis education, using patients’ contribution in the implementation of their dialysis treatment, and advanced care planning.