bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El lado menos dulce de la diabetes. Revisión pictográfica de las alteraciones más frecuentes en el pie diabético
Authors: Rodríguez Gabriela , Kunstmann Andrés , Jara Pablo , Gaete Cristóbal , Schiappacasse Giancarlo 
Published: February 2021

ResumenLa prevalencia global de diabetes mellitus (DM) aumenta cada año y, con ella, sus complicaciones. La afección del pie relacionada con DM se ha convertido en una de las principales causas de morbilidad y discapacidad. Los hallazgos más frecuentes son las alteraciones cutáneas y musculares, la arterioesclerosis y el edema óseo. Las complicaciones son la osteomielitis y la neuroartropatía, siendo causas importantes de amputación. El estudio imagenológico se inicia con radiografía (Rx), que permite descartar anomalías óseas y articulares, presencia de cuerpos extraños o alteraciones del tejido blando. Después de la Rx, la resonancia magnética (RM) es la modalidad de elección para la evaluación de la osteomielitis e infección de tejidos blandos del pie. Aunque esas afecciones comparten algunas características clínicas y de imagen con otros trastornos, el conocimiento de sus hallazgos distintivos permite al radiólogo contribuir al diagnóstico oportuno y correcto, con el fin de proporcionar al clínico información adecuada.
Infección Urinaria en Gestantes: Prevalencia y Factores Asociados en el Eje Cafetero, Colombia, 2018-2019
Authors: De La Hoz Franklin José Espitia 
Published: February 2021

ResumenObjetivo estimar la prevalencia y etiología de las infecciones urinarias en gestantes del Eje Cafetero, así como describir los factores asociados e identificar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos.Métodos estudio de corte transversal, en gestantes que consultaron, por primera vez, a consulta prenatal, y que tuvieron un resultado positivo en el urocultivo, en tres centros de atención en el Eje Cafetero, entre 2018 y 2019. Se reclutaron 1131 mujeres. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo asociados, el aislamiento e identificación de los gérmenes involucrados, así como la prevalencia de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).Resultados La edad de las mujeres osciló entre 18 y 42 años, promedio de 29,46 ± 5,82 años. La prevalencia global de infección urinaria fue de un 14,94% (IC95%: 11,78-21,46). La etiología más frecuente caracterizó la Escherichia Coli (80,47%), seguida por Klebsiella spp. (9,46%) y Proteus mirabilis (5,91%). La prevalencia de gérmenes BLEE (+) alcanzó el 11,24% (IC95%: 9,47-11,75). Las mujeres con depilación íntima tuvieron mayor riesgo de presentar infección urinaria (OR = 4,62; IC95%: 1,08-8,64) seguida por el tabaquismo (OR = 4,56; IC95%: 2,58-9,81) y la diabetes mellitus (OR = 3,96; IC95%: 1,05-6,54). El uso de protectores íntimos fue mayor en las mujeres con infección urinaria (OR = 2,88; IC95%: 1,02-3,99).Conclusiones se identificó la infección urinaria en el 14,94% de las gestantes. Se detectó la Escherichia Coli como la etiología más frecuente. La depilación íntima fue el principal factor de riesgo.
Treatment of Pediatric Sternotomy Wound Complications: A Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Jo Taehee , Hur Joon , Kim Eun Key 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Pediatric sternal wound complications (SWCs) include sterile wound dehiscence (SWD) and superficial/deep sternal wound infections (SSWI/DSWI), and are generally managed by repetitive debridement and surgical wound approximation. Here, we report a novel nonsurgical management strategy of pediatric sternotomy wound complications, using serial noninvasive wound approximation technique combined with single-use negative pressure wound therapy (PICO) device.
Methods Nine children with SWCs were managed by serial approximation with adhesive skin tapes and serial PICO device application. Thorough surgical debridement or surgical approximations were not performed.
Results Three patients were clinically diagnosed as SWD, two patients as SSWI, and four patients as DSWI. None of the wounds demonstrated apparent mediastinitis or bone destructions. PICO device was applied at 16.1 days (range: 6–26 days) postoperatively, together with serial wound approximation by skin tapes. The average duration of PICO use was 16.9 days (range: 11–29 days) and the wound approximation was achieved in all patients. None of the patients underwent aggressive surgical debridement or invasive surgical approximation by sutures.
Conclusion We report our successful management of selected pediatric SWCs, using serial noninvasive wound approximation technique combined with PICO device.
First principles investigation of structural, electronic, and room temperature ferromagnetism in V doped hexagonal pristine graphene
Authors: Hailemariam Sintayehu Mekonnen , Enna Akililu Esayas 
Published: February 2021

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of V doped graphene were investigated using density functional theory. The formation energy calculation indicates that V doped graphene is stable and the V atoms are strongly hybridized with C atoms. The present study revealed that the bandgap of graphene is open in the presence of the V dopant. Moreover, the obtained magnetic moment and analysis of total density of states show that V doped graphene displays ferromagnetism. The calculated ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) value for a V concentration of 6.25% is 377 K. The findings are avenues to enhance the application of graphene for spintronics.
Variability as a better characterization of Shannon entropy
Authors: Carcassi Gabriele , Aidala Christine A , Barbour Julian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Shannon entropy, one of the cornerstones of information theory, is widely used in physics, particularly in statistical mechanics. Yet its characterization and connection to physics remain vague, leaving ample room for misconceptions and misunderstanding. We will show that the Shannon entropy can be fully understood as measuring the variability of the elements within a given distribution: it characterizes how much variation can be found within a collection of objects. We will see that it is the only indicator that is continuous and linear, that it quantifies the number of yes/no questions (i.e. bits) that are needed to identify an element within the distribution, and we will see how applying this concept to statistical mechanics in different ways leads to the Boltzmann, Gibbs and von Neumann entropies.
Total least squares problems on infinite dimensional spaces
Authors: Contino Maximiliano , Fongi Guillermina , Maestripieri Alejandra , Muro Santiago 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study weighted total least squares problems on infinite dimensional spaces. We present some necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularized problem to have a solution. The existence of solution can also be assured for the regularized minimization problem with a constraint to special subsets. Furthermore, we show that a regularization in infinite dimensional total least squares problems is necessary, since in most cases the problem without regularization does not admit a solution.
Reply to comment on ‘The 5d → 6p photoabsorption spectra of Pb II and Bi III: evidence of excited states’ by A. N. Ryabtsev
Authors: Lu Hu , Varvarezos Lazaros , Alli Muhammad Bilal , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Costello John T , Hayden Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this reply, we address the comments made by A N Ryabtsev on our paper (H Lu et al 2020 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
53 115001). Specifically, we emphasize that the observed spectra depend critically on the plasma source type and conditions that pertain in the source. Our source of ions and experimental setup/method are quite different to the one referred to in the comment (A N Ryabtsev et al 2000 Opt. Spectrosc.
88 316–20). So there is no doubt that our spectra contain evidence of photoabsorption from low-lying excited states, and their inclusion is necessary, in order to account for the observed spectral distributions.
Conversion between microwave and optical photons through atom–phonon hybrid modes in a waveguide-QED structure
Authors: Cao M S , Jia W Z 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present an approach to achieve bi-directional conversion between microwave and optical photons based on a hybrid waveguide-QED structure. The proposed converter combines both the merits of optomechanical system and superconducting circuits. Through analysis, we obtain two different impedance matching conditions to realize an ideal conversion efficiency close to unity. One of the matching conditions is owing to atom–phonon hybrid modes, which is different from the well known one due to dark modes. The underlying physical mechanism is discussed in detail. The performance of the setup under different matching conditions is also compared. The device studied here may be realizable in the future experiments, suitable for on-chip integrations, and may have potential applications in the future quantum networks.
Miniaturized tri-band bandpass filter design using quarter-wavelength shunted-line stepped-impedance resonators (SLSIRs) with multi-transmission zeros
Authors: Wang Ruolin , Zuo Tao , Liu Haiwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a miniaturized tri-band bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed with a pair of quarter-wavelength shunted-line stepped-impedance resonators (SLSIRs). The resonant characteristics, high design freedom and tuning relationship of multi-dimension parameters of SLSIR are studied and applied to the tri-band design. To obtain the great enhancement of skirt slope, multi-transmission zeros (multi-TZs) are introduced below and above the passbands and the selectivity is improved significantly. The miniaturization of subwavelength and electric/magnetic coupling are introduced and the propagation of electromagnetic wave is manipulated. Moreover, different kinds of generation mechanisms of the produced five TZs are investigated, illustrated and classified. Based on the multi-path transmission of signal, self-coupling effect and self-resonance of feed lines, the multi-TZs are excited and produced. The electric/magnetic coupling and current density distributions are plotted and analyzed. For validation, the designed second-order tri-band BPF centered at 2.35/4.89/7.42 GHz is fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the measured multi-band performances and the simulated frequency responses are observed and can be used to verify the feasibility of design concept.
Resource-efficient adaptive Bayesian tracking of magnetic fields with a quantum sensor
Authors: Craigie K , Gauger E M , Altmann Y , Bonato C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Single-spin quantum sensors, for example based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, provide nanoscale mapping of magnetic fields. In applications where the magnetic field may be changing rapidly, total sensing time is crucial and must be minimised. Bayesian estimation and adaptive experiment optimisation can speed up the sensing process by reducing the number of measurements required. These protocols consist of computing and updating the probability distribution of the magnetic field based on measurement outcomes and of determining optimized acquisition settings for the next measurement. However, the computational steps feeding into the measurement settings of the next iteration must be performed quickly enough to allow real-time updates. This article addresses the issue of computational speed by implementing an approximate Bayesian estimation technique, where probability distributions are approximated by a finite sum of Gaussian functions. Given that only three parameters are required to fully describe a Gaussian density, we find that in many cases, the magnetic field probability distribution can be described by fewer than ten parameters, achieving a reduction in computation time by factor 10 compared to existing approaches. For

T

2

*

=
1

μ
s

, only a small decrease in computation time is achieved. However, in these regimes, the proposed Gaussian protocol outperforms the existing one in tracking accuracy.
Significant magneto-elastic coupling at Griffiths-like phase boundaries in low dimensional oxides, ASb2O6 (A
= Ni and Mn)
Authors: Chatterjee A , Indra A , Gutowski O , Zimmerman M v , Majumdar S , Giri S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The compounds, NiSb2O6 (NSO) and MnSb2O6 (MSO) attract the community for the quasi one-dimensional and layered structure composed of Ni2+ and Mn2+, which orders antiferromagnetically at T
N = 6.7 and 12 K, respectively. Here, we report the Griffiths-like phase much above T
N in the range of 37–85 K and 25–80 K for NSO and MSO, respectively. The dc magnetization results indicate the Griffiths-like phase, following the modified Curie–Weiss law. The magneto-capacitive responses for both the compounds show anomalies at the onset of the Griffiths-like phase. Intriguingly, the low temperature synchrotron diffraction results are conclusive for determining the singularities for both the compounds. Interplay between the low-dimensionality, magnetic frustration, and magneto-elastic coupling correlates the observed short range ordered state, which is suggested as a Griffiths-like phase, above T
N for both the compounds.
Hard x-ray methods for studying the structure of amorphous thin films and bulk glassy oxides
Authors: Benmore C J , González G B , Alderman O L G , Wilke S K , Yarger J L , Leinenweber K , Weber J K R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High-energy photon diffraction minimizes many of the corrections associated with laboratory x-ray diffractometers, and enables structure factor measurements to be made over a wide range of momentum transfers. The method edges us closer toward an ideal experiment, in which coordination numbers can be extracted without knowledge of the sample density. Three case studies are presented that demonstrate new hard x-ray methods for studying the structure of glassy and amorphous materials. First, the methodology and analysis of high-energy grazing incidence on thin films is discussed for the case of amorphous In2O3. The connectivity of irregular InO6 polyhedra are shown to exist in face-, edge- and corner-shared configurations in the approximate ratio of 1:2:3. Secondly, the technique of high-energy small and wide angle scattering has been carried out on laser heated and aerodynamically levitated samples of silica-rich barium silicate (20BaO:80SiO2), from the single phase melt at 1500 oC to the phase separated glass at room temperature. Based on Ba–O coordination numbers of 6 to 7, it is argued that the although the potential of Ba is ionic, it is weak enough to cause the liquid–liquid immiscibility to become metastable. Lastly, high-energy small and wide angle scattering has also been applied to high water content (up to 12 wt.%) samples of hydrous SiO2 glass quenched from 1500 oC at 4 GPa. An increase of Si1–O2 correlations at 4.3 Å is found to be consistent with an increase in the population of three-membered SiO4 rings at the expense of larger rings.
Research into a novel surface acoustic wave sensor signal-processing system based on compressive sensing and an observed-signal augmentation method based on secondary information prediction
Authors: Han Wei , Bu Xiongzhu , Song Meiqiu , Huang Xinhao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to their unique advantages, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have attracted various disciplines to carry out thorough research. However, in their wireless applications, their high carrier frequency, low signal-to-noise ratio, and short effective signal length have led to poor signal measurement accuracy and complex detection systems. Using an SAW torque sensor as its objective, this paper describes the proposal and completion of a novel processing system based on compressive sensing (CS). The system was implemented using an analog-to-information conversion module. The module hardware’s structural parameters and signal recovery parameters were designed and optimized by simulation. Furthermore, an intervening interpolation method based on support vector machine (SVM) signal secondary information prediction was developed to achieve an effective extension of the observed signal. The method’s parameters and the SVM super parameters were optimized by a cuckoo search algorithm. The success rate of the predicted signal secondary information reached more than 94%. The compression ratio of the system reached 5.77‰ while ensuring successful signal frequency recovery. Finally, a torque static calibration experiment was carried out using the system prototype; the results show that the system sensitivity is 1.951 kHz Nm−1, which proves that the scheme and methods are effective. The SAW signal-processing system based on CS combines the advantages of traditional demodulation system solutions with low hardware costs, low data volume, and high interference immunity. This system will prompt some new thoughts about SAW sensor signal detection.
Photocatalytic activity and photoelectrochemical properties of Ag/ZnO core/shell nanorods under low-intensity white light irradiation
Authors: Kadhim M J , Mahdi M A , Hassan J J , Al-Asadi Ahmed S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod thin films were prepared by CBD onto glass and FTO/glass substrates. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of the prepared ZnO nanorod thin films using electrochemical methods. The scanning electron microscopy images of the Ag/ZnO/glass core/shell nanostructure confirmed that the average particles size is 20 nm while it was 41 nm for Ag NPs that synthesized onto ZnO/FTO NRs. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared Ag/ZnO core/shell nanostructure was studied by analyzing the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. Various pH values (6 and 10) and exposure time (30–240) min were controlled to investigate the photocatalytic activity of as-prepared Ag/ZnO core/shell nanostructure and that annealed at 200 °C and 300 °C for 1 h. It was observed that when the pH was 6, the degradation rate increased with the annealing temperature and irradiation time reaching 51% at the annealing temperature of 300 °C and exposure time of 240 min. In other hands, when the pH was 10, and the sample was annealed at 200 °C, it showed a good degradation rate of 100% at the irradiation time of 90 min. By contrast, the sample annealed at 300 °C required 180 min to degrade the MB dye completely. The photoelectrochemical cell measurement based on photocurrent density revealed a slight response to light. Cycle voltammetry (CV) measurement was conducted, and the CV curves of the Ag/ZnO core/shell electrodes indicated nonfaradaic and pseudocapacitance behavior. The electrodes showed nearly rectangular CV curves, which indicated the dominance of the nonfaradaic capacitance behavior. The specific capacitance of the electrodes remained at approximately 99%. Mott–Schottky analysis revealed that the semiconductor was an n-type with dependence on flat band potential V
FB deviation in the negative direction.
Fluence-modulated proton CT optimized with patient-specific dose and variance objectives for proton dose calculation
Authors: Dickmann J , Kamp F , Hillbrand M , Corradini S , Belka C , Schulte R W , Parodi K , Dedes G , Landry G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Particle therapy treatment planning requires accurate volumetric maps of the relative stopping power, which can directly be acquired using proton computed tomography (pCT). With fluence-modulated pCT (FMpCT) imaging fluence is concentrated in a region-of-interest (ROI), which can be the vicinity of the treatment beam path, and imaging dose is reduced elsewhere. In this work we present a novel optimization algorithm for FMpCT which, for the first time, calculates modulated imaging fluences for joint imaging dose and image variance objectives. Thereby, image quality is maintained in the ROI to ensure accurate calculations of the treatment dose, and imaging dose is minimized outside the ROI with stronger minimization penalties given to imaging organs-at-risk. The optimization requires an initial scan at uniform fluence or a previous x-ray CT scan. We simulated and optimized FMpCT images for three pediatric patients with tumors in the head region. We verified that the target image variance inside the ROI was achieved and demonstrated imaging dose reductions outside of the ROI of 74% on average, reducing the imaging dose from 1.2 to 0.3 mGy. Such dose savings are expected to be relevant compared to the therapeutic dose outside of the treatment field. Treatment doses were re-calculated on the FMpCT images and compared to treatment doses re-recalculated on uniform fluence pCT scans using a 1% criterion. Passing rates were above 98.3% for all patients. Passing rates comparing FMpCT treatment doses to the ground truth treatment dose were above 88.5% for all patients. Evaluation of the proton range with a 1 mm criterion resulted in passing rates above 97.5% (FMpCT/pCT) and 95.3% (FMpCT/ground truth). Jointly optimized fluence-modulated pCT images can be used for proton dose calculation maintaining the full dosimetric accuracy of pCT but reducing the required imaging dose considerably by three quarters. This may allow for daily imaging during particle therapy ensuring a safe and accurate delivery of the therapeutic dose and avoiding excess dose from imaging.
Nonstationary coupling between heart rate and perfusion index in extremely preterm infants in the first day of life
Authors: O’Toole J M , Dempsey E M , Van Laere D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. Adaptation to the extra-uterine environment presents many challenges for infants born less than 28 weeks of gestation. Quantitative analysis of readily available physiological signals at the cotside could provide valuable information during this critical time. We aim to assess the time-varying coupling between heart rate (HR) and perfusion index (PI) over the first 24 h after birth and relate this coupling to gestational age (GA), inotropic therapy, and short-term clinical outcome. Approach. We develop new nonstationary measures of coupling to summarise both frequency- and direction-dependent coupling. These measures employ a coherence measure capable of measuring time-varying Granger casuality using a short-time information partial-directed coherence function. Measures are correlated with GA, inotropic therapy (yes/no), and outcome (adverse/normal). Main results. In a cohort of 99 extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks of gestation), we find weak but significant coupling in both the HR → PI and PI → HR directions (P < 0.05). HR → PI coupling increases with maturation (correlation r = 0.26; P = 0.011). PI → HR coupling increases with inotrope administration (r = 0.27; P = 0.007). And nonstationary features of PI → HR coupling are associated with adverse outcome (r = 0.27; P = 0.009). Significance. Nonstationary features are necessary to distinguish different coupling types for complex biomedical systems. Time-varying directional coupling between PI and HR provides objective and independent biomarkers of adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants.