bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen presentation, as a marker of folliculogenesis, in the transplanted ovarian tissue
Authors: Vatanparast Mahboubeh , Karimi Zarchi Mojgan , Nabi Ali , Ali Khalili Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimOne of the most important ways to understand the ovarian biology is studding the initiation of primordial follicle development and subsequent folliculogenesis control. In this study, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) presentation was used as a marker of follicular development in the thawed ovarian tissue (OT) following transplantation onto chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) using two methods of freezing of slow freezing and vitrification.MethodsSamples of OT from 10 patients were subjected to slow freezing and vitrification. After warming, CAM transplantation was done and PCNA proliferation index (PI; percent of PCNA‐positive granulosa cells) was calculated for each follicle stage. Image J software was used to determine the mean staining intensity.ResultsPCNA was positive for granulosa cells and oocytes nuclei, but negative for ooplasm. There were no remarkable PCNA staining in the granulosa cells of primordial follicles, but increased significantly as follicle progression (p < 0.05). Proliferation rate was also insignificantly higher in the vitrified than slow freezing group, before and after transplantation (p < 0.05). Lower PCNA presentation index was observed after CAM transplantation (p < 0.05). The earliest stage of follicular recruitment took place in the transitional follicles, before squamous cells transform to cuboidal cells.ConclusionPCNA showed that follicles had proliferation power after cryopreservation. Higher presentation after vitrification may indicate accelerated folliculogenesis in the thawed OT.
Validation of the GALAD model for early diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese multicenter study
Authors: Huang Chenjun , Fang Meng , Xiao Xiao , Wang Hong , Gao Zhiyuan , Ji Jun , Liu Lijuan , Gu Erli , Li Ya , Wang Mengmeng , Gao Chunfang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundGALAD is an algorithm model estimating the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the participants enrolled in the GALAD differ from those of Chinese subjects whose HCCs are mainly hepatitis B virus infection related. Therefore, the cross‐sectional as well as longitudinal multicenter study was designed to assess the clinical performances of GALAD in the Chinese population.MethodsA case‐control study of 602 patients with HCC (34.10% within Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer 0‐A stage) and 923 subjects without HCC from five Chinese medical centres was conducted. Longitudinally the performances of GALAD identifying HCC were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves analyses. Furthermore, the surveillance performance of GALAD for 204 HCC patients after radical surgery and for the early detection of HCC prospectively in an independent cohort of chronic hepatitis B were analysed, respectively.ResultsWe found the GALAD identified early stage HCC at an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) above 0.85 and outperformed significantly than AFP, PIVKAII, AFP‐L3 and BALAD‐2 respectively. Meanwhile the GALAD could stratify HCC into two distinct subgroups with high or low risks of overall survival and recurrence. The GALAD could detection HCC 24 (AUC: 0.848) or even 48 (AUC: 0.833) weeks before clinical diagnosis.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the GALAD exhibits outstanding performance in the early diagnosis, prognosis prediction as well as risk monitoring of HCC in our cross‐sectional and longitudinal multicenter study of 1561 patients. GALAD should be implanted into clinical practice early so as to improve the clinical efficacy of individual biomarkers in HCC early monitoring and prognosis prediction.
Population genomic, olfactory, dietary, and gut microbiota analyses demonstrate the unique evolutionary trajectory of feral pigs
Authors: Petrelli Simona , Buglione Maria , Maselli Valeria , Troiano Claudia , Larson Greger , Frantz Laurent , Manin Aurelie , Ricca Ezio , Baccigalupi Loredana , Wright Dominic , Pietri Christian , Fulgione Domenico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDomestication is an intriguing evolutionary process. Many domestic populations are subjected to strong human‐mediated selection, and when some individuals return to the wild, they are again subjected to selective forces associated with new environments. Generally, these feral populations evolve into something different from their wild predecessors and their members typically possess a combination of both wild and human selected traits. Feralisation can manifest in different forms on a spectrum from a wild to a domestic phenotype. This depends on how the rewilded domesticated populations can readapt to natural environments based on how much potential and flexibility the ancestral genome retains after its domestication signature. Whether feralisation leads to the evolution of new traits that do not exist in the wild or to convergence with wild forms, however, remains unclear. To address this question, we performed population genomic, olfactory, dietary, and gut microbiota analyses on different populations of Sus scrofa (wild boar, hybrid, feral and several domestic pig breeds). Porcine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis shows that the feral population represents a cluster distinctly separate from all others. Its members display signatures of past artificial selection, as demonstrated by values of FST in specific regions of the genome and bottleneck signature, such as the number and length of runs of homozygosity. Generalised FST values, reacquired olfactory abilities, diet, and gut microbiota variation show current responses to natural selection. Our results suggest that feral pigs are an independent evolutionary unit which can persist so long as levels of human intervention remain unchanged.
Integrating plant physiology and community ecology across scales through trait‐based models to predict drought mortality
Authors: Trugman Anna T. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryForests are a critical carbon sink and widespread tree mortality resulting from climate‐induced drought stress has the potential to alter forests from a carbon sink to a source, causing a positive feedback on climate change. Process‐based vegetation models aim to represent the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing plant physiological and ecological responses to climate. Yet model accuracy varies across scales, and regional‐scale model predictive skill is frequently poor when compared with observations of drought‐driven mortality. I propose a framework that leverages differences in model predictive skill across spatial scales, mismatches between model predictions and observations, and differences in the mechanisms included and absent across models to advance the understanding of the physiological and ecological processes driving observed patterns drought‐driven mortality.
Regularly irregular atrial rhythm after superior vena cava isolation: Another manifestation of sinoatrial node injury?
Authors: Nakashima Takashi , Nagase Masaru , Shibahara Taro , Ono Daiju , Yamada Takehiro , Tanabe Gen , Suzuki Keita , Yamaura Makoto , Ido Takahisa , Takahashi Shigekiyo , Aoyama Takuma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present case described an unusual clinical manifestation of the sinoatrial node (or sinoatrial junction) injury during superior vena cava isolation.
Public Investment and Regional Resilience: Empirical Evidence from the Greek Regions
Authors: Psycharis Yannis , Panori Anastasia , Athanasopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines empirically the contribution of public investment expenditures to regional resilience. Analysis is based on a novel dataset including public investment expenditures data decomposed by sub‐categories and disaggregated at NUTS III Greek regions over the period 2000–2017. Results indicate that public investment expenditures had a positive influence on regional resilience during the period of the economic crisis. Decomposing public investment expenditures by type the analysis provides evidence that the decentralized public investment expenditures that were executed through the tiers of local government and those that were related with the secondary and tourism sectors asserted a positive and significant impact on regional resilience. These results are signifying the importance of public policy in regional resilience and could be utilized for the formulation of regional policy during recessions.
Impact of whole‐body resistance exercise timing on mitigating hyperglycaemia‐induced vascular dysfunction
Authors: Russell Brooke M. , Smith Laura , Chang Courtney R. , Roach Lauren A. , Christie Hannah E. , Francois Monique E. 
Published: October 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Is the estrous cycle affected during disuse atrophies and if so, how do estrous cycle
changes relate to musculoskeletal outcomes?
What is the main finding and its importance?Rodent estrous cycles are altered during disuse atrophy, which corresponds to musculoskeletal outcomes. However, the estrous cycle does not appear changed in Lewis Lung Carcinoma, which corresponded to no differences in muscle size compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest a relationship between estrous cycle and muscle size during atrophic pathologies.
AbstractHyperglycemia can cause disruptions in vascular function, whereas exercise has been shown to restore vascular function. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effect of performing whole‐body resistance exercise, 30‐min before, immediately following, or 30‐ or 60‐min after a high carbohydrate meal, on endothelial function, measured by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Healthy adults will be recruited to this randomized crossover trial to compare the postprandial glycaemic and vascular responses to four different exercise timing conditions and a control: i) C‐ control, high carbohydrate meal/no exercise, ii) 30Pre‐ 30 min of resistance exercises (~30% of 1RM [Repetition Maximum]), 30 min before a high carbohydrate meal, iii) IP‐ 30 min of resistance exercises (~30% of 1RM), immediately following a high carbohydrate meal, iv) 30Post‐ 30 min of resistance exercises, 30 min after a high carbohydrate meal and v) 60Post‐ 30 min of resistance exercises, 60 min after a high carbohydrate meal. Measures of metabolic and vascular function will be assessed at baseline and for two hours following the carbohydrate‐based breakfast meal.
Evaluation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Repaired via Additive Friction Stir Deposition
Authors: Avery D. Z. , Cleek C. E. , Phillips B. J. , Rekha M. Y. , Kinser R. P. , Rao H. M. , Brewer L. N. , Allison P. G. , Jordon J. B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) process, additive friction stir deposition (AFS-D), provides a new pathway for additively repairing damaged nonweldable aerospace materials that are susceptible to induced thermal gradients within the microstructure. In this work, we quantify the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of an additively repaired AA7075-T651 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) via the AFS-D process. To evaluate the AFS-D process for repairing high strength aluminum alloys, the AFS-D technique was used to additively fill a linear groove that was machined into an AA7075-T651 plate. After repairing the plate with the AFS-D process, the repaired plate was subjected to standard T6 heat treatment. The results of this study show that the heat-treated AFS-D repair did not exhibit any significant grain growth and demonstrated an increase in the average Vickers hardness in the repair compared with the wrought 7075-T651 control. Tensile and fatigue behavior was investigated for heat-treated repair and compared with the wrought AA7075-T651 control. The heat-treated repair exhibited wrought-like tensile properties for yield stress (YS) and ultimate stress; however, the heat-treated repair had significant scatter in the elongation to failure. Additionally, the mean fatigue behavior of the heat-treated repairs displayed a reduction in cycles to failure compared with the wrought control. Lastly, a microstructure-sensitive fatigue life model was used to elucidate process-structure-property fatigue mechanism relations of the heat-treated repair and wrought AA7075.
M-ficolin: a valuable biomarker to identify leukaemia from juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Brix Ninna , Glerup Mia , Thiel Steffen , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Skals Regitze Gyldenholm , Berntson Lillemor , Fasth Anders , Nielsen Susan Mary , Nordal Ellen , Rygg Marite , Hasle Henrik , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Herlin Troels 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveDistinction on clinical grounds between acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with arthropathy (ALLarthropathy) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is difficult, as the clinical and paraclinical signs of leukaemia may be vague. The primary aim was to examine the use of lectin complement pathway proteins as markers to differentiate ALLarthropathyfrom JIA. The secondary aims were to compare the protein levels at baseline and follow-up in a paired number of children with ALL and to examine the correlation with haematology counts, erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), blasts, relapse and death.Study designIn this observational study, we measured M-ficolin, CL-K1 and MASP-3 in serum from children with ALL (n=151) and JIA (n=238) by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Logistic regression was used for predictions of ALL risk, considering the markers as the respective exposures. We performed internal validation using repeated ‘10-fold cross-validation’ with 100 repetitions computing the area under the curve (AUC) as well as positive and negative predictive values in order to evaluate the predictive performance.ResultsThe level of M-ficolin was higher in JIA than ALLtotaland the ALLarthropathysubgroup. The M-ficolin level normalised after remission of ALL. M-ficolin could differentiate ALL from JIA with an AUC of 94% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 95%, exceeding CRP and haemoglobin. In a dichotomised predictive model with optimal cut-offs for M-ficolin, platelets and haemoglobin, AUC was 99% and PPV 98% in detecting ALL from JIA.ConclusionM-ficolin is a valuable marker to differentiate the child with ALL from JIA.
What can be learnt from a qualitative evaluation of implementing a rapid sexual health testing, diagnosis and treatment service?
Authors: Lorenc Ava , Brangan Emer , Kesten Joanna M , Horner Paddy J , Clarke Michael , Crofts Megan , Steer Jonathan , Turner Jonathan , Muir Peter , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate experiences of implementing a new rapid sexual health testing, diagnosis and treatment service.DesignA theory-based qualitative evaluation with a focused ethnographic approach using non-participant observations and interviews with patient and clinic staff. Normalisation process theory was used to structure interview questions and thematic analysis.SettingA sexual health centre in Bristol, UK.Participants26 patients and 21 staff involved in the rapid sexually transmitted infection (STI) service were interviewed. Purposive sampling was aimed for a range of views and experiences and sociodemographics and STI results for patients, job grades and roles for staff. 40 hours of observations were conducted.ResultsImplementation of the new service required co-ordinated changes in practice across multiple staff teams. Patients also needed to make changes to how they accessed the service. Multiple small ‘pilots’ of process changes were necessary to find workable options. For example, the service was introduced in phases beginning with male patients. This responsive operating mode created challenges for delivering comprehensive training and communication in advance to all staff. However, staff worked together to adjust and improve the new service, and morale was buoyed through observing positive impacts on patient care. Patients valued faster results and avoiding unnecessary treatment. Patients reported that they were willing to drop-off self-samples and return for a follow-up appointment, enabling infection-specific treatment in accordance with test results, thus improving antimicrobial stewardship.ConclusionsThe new service was acceptable to staff and patients. Implementation of service changes to improve access and delivery of care in the context of stretched resources can pose challenges for staff at all levels. Early evaluation of pilots of process changes played an important role in the success of the service by rapidly feeding back issues for adjustment. Visibility to staff of positive impacts on patient care is important in maintaining morale.
Kidney disease and risk of dementia: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kjaergaard Alisa D , Johannesen Benjamin R , Sørensen Henrik T , Henderson Victor W , Christiansen Christian F 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesIt is unclear whether kidney disease is a risk factor for developing dementia. We examined the association between kidney disease and risk of future dementia.Design and settingNationwide historical registry-based cohort study in Denmark based on data from 1 January 1995 until 31 December 2016.ParticipantsAll patients diagnosed with kidney disease and matched general population cohort without kidney disease (matched 1:5 on age, sex and year of kidney disease diagnosis).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAll-cause dementia and its subtypes: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and other specified or unspecified dementia. We computed 5-year cumulative incidences (risk) and hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes using Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 82 690 patients with kidney disease and 413 405 individuals from the general population. Five-year and ten-year mortality rates were twice as high in patients with kidney disease compared with the general population. The 5-year risk for all-cause dementia was 2.90% (95% confidence interval: 2.78% to 3.08%) in patients with kidney disease and 2.98% (2.92% to 3.04%) in the general population. Compared with the general population, the adjusted HRs for all-cause dementia in patients with kidney disease were 1.06 (1.00 to 1.12) for the 5-year follow-up and 1.08 (1.03 to 1.12) for the entire study period. Risk estimates for dementia subtypes differed substantially and were lower for Alzheimer’s disease and higher for vascular dementia.ConclusionsPatients diagnosed with kidney disease have a modestly increased rate of dementia, mainly driven by vascular dementia. Moreover, patients with kidney disease may be underdiagnosed with dementia due to high mortality and other comorbidities of higher priority.
The FASD Eye Code: a complementary diagnostic tool in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Aring Eva , Gyllencreutz Emelie , Landgren Valdemar , Svensson Leif , Landgren Magnus , Grönlund Marita Andersson 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo create an easy-to-use complementary ophthalmological tool to support a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnosis.Methods and AnalysisThe FASD Eye Code was derived from 37 children with FASD evaluated along with 65 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls. Four ophthalmological categories, which are abnormalities commonly found in children with FASD, were ranked independently on a 4-point scale, with 1 reflecting normal finding and 4 a strong presence of an abnormality: visual acuity, refraction, strabismus/binocular function and ocular structural abnormalities. The tool was validated on 33 children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 57 children born moderate-to-late premature (MLP) and 16 children with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). Among children with ADHD none was born prematurely or small for gestational age (SGA) or diagnosed with FASD. Among children born MLP none was SGA, had a diagnosis of ADHD or FASD, or a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Children with SRS were all born SGA, half were born preterm and none had FASD. Children with FASD were re-examined as young adults.ResultsAn FASD Eye Code cut-off total score of ≥10 showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.87), with 94% specificity and 43% sensitivity, in discriminating between FASD and controls, MLP and ADHD, corresponding to a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.5. Between FASD and controls, an AUC of 0.87 (CI 0.80 to 0.95), with 100% specificity and 43% sensitivity, was found; between FASD and SRS, an AUC of 0.60 (CI 0.45 to 0.75) was found, with 88% specificity and 43% sensitivity. A cut-off score of≥9 showed a specificity of 98% and a sensitivity of 57% for FASD versus controls, corresponding to an LR+ of 36.9. Scores in individuals with FASD were stable into young adulthood.ConclusionThe FASD Eye Code has the potential to serve as a complementary tool and help to strengthen an FASD diagnosis.
Depression and complicated grief in bereaved caregivers in cardiovascular diseases: prevalence and determinants
Authors: Shinada Keitaro , Kohno Takashi , Fukuda Keiichi , Higashitani Michiaki , Kawamatsu Naoto , Kitai Takeshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Takei Makoto , Nochioka Kotaro , Nakazawa Gaku , Shiomi Hiroki , Miyashita Mitsunori , Mizuno Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesDespite the recommendation that patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) receive bereavement care, few studies have examined the psychological disturbances in bereaved caregivers. We examined the prevalence and determinants of depression and complicated grief among bereaved caregivers of patients with CVD.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire for bereaved caregivers of patients with CVD who had died in the cardiology departments of nine Japanese tertiary care centres. We assessed caregiver depression and grief using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Brief Grief Questionnaire (BGQ), respectively. The questionnaire also covered caregivers’ perspectives toward end-of-life care and the quality of the deceased patient’s death.ResultsA total of 269 bereaved caregivers (mean age: 66 (57–73) years; 37.5% male) of patients with CVD were enrolled. Overall, 13.4% of the bereaved caregivers had depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) and 14.1% had complicated grief (BGQ ≥8). Depression and complicated grief’s determinants were similar (ie, spousal relationship, unpreparedness for the death, financial and decision-making burden and poor communication among medical staff). Patients and caregivers’ positive attitudes toward life-prolonging treatment were associated with complicated grief. Notably, in caregivers with complicated grief, there was less discussion with physicians about end-of-life care. Caregivers who felt that the patients did not receive sufficient treatment suffered more frequently from depression and complicated grief.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of bereaved caregivers of patients with CVD suffered from depression and complicated grief. Cardiologists should pay particular attention to caregivers with high-risk factors to identify those likely to develop depression or complicated grief.