bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Current status and new perspectives
Authors: Sarasola María de la Paz , Táquez Delgado Mónica A. , Nicoud Melisa B. , Medina Vanina A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death globally and its incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing worldwide. The dynamic interaction of immune cells and tumor cells determines the clinical outcome of cancer. Immunotherapy comes to the forefront of cancer treatments, resulting in impressive and durable responses but only in a fraction of patients. Thus, understanding the characteristics and profiles of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a necessary step to move forward in the design of new immunomodulatory strategies that can boost the immune system to fight cancer. Histamine produces a complex and fine‐tuned regulation of the phenotype and functions of the different immune cells, participating in multiple regulatory responses of the innate and adaptive immunity. Considering the important actions of histamine‐producing immune cells in the TME, in this review we first address the most important immunomodulatory roles of histamine and histamine receptors in the context of cancer development and progression. In addition, this review highlights the current progress and foundational developments in the field of cancer immunotherapy in combination with histamine and pharmacological compounds targeting histamine receptors.
Strategies to apply 3Rs in preclinical testing
Authors: Gorzalczany Susana B. , Rodriguez Basso Angeles G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnimal experimentation has been fundamental in biological and biomedical research. To guarantee the maximum quality, efficacy and/or safety of products intended for the use in humans in vivo testing is necessary; however, for over 60 years, alternative methods have been developed in response to the necessity to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation, to guarantee their welfare; resorting to animal models only when strictly necessary. The three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), seek to ensure the rational and respectful use of laboratory animals and maintain an adequate projection in terms of bioethical considerations. This article describes different approaches to apply 3Rs in preclinical experimentation for either research or regulatory purposes.
Photodegradation Attenuated Oscillation:A Novel Photocatalytic Characteristic for the Polymetallic Oxide Semiconductor Porous Materials with Energy Bandgap Gradient
Authors: Liu Shao‐You , Chen Yuan‐Dao , Zuo Cheng‐Gang , Feng Qing‐Ge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSamples of metal oxide SnO2 and its composite SnO2/Bi2O3, ploymetallic oxides SnO2/Bi2O3/CdO, SnO2/Bi2O3/Fe2O3, and SnO2/Bi2O3/CdO/Fe2O3 powder materials were successfully prepared by a simple solid‐state reaction method at room temperature using sodium benzenesulfonate (SBS) surfactant as template. The synthesized powder materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV‐Vis), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption‐desorption and the migration rate testing of charges. Moreover, the adsorption characteristic and photodegradation performance of methyl blue (MB, co=100 mg/L) on the materials were investigated. The results show that the degradation rate (94.2 %) of MB on the SnO2/Bi2O3/CdO/Fe2O3 nanomaterial is the highest than that of the other materials within 10 min under the visible‐light irradiation. After that, the photodegradation rate of MB on the as‐prepared SnO2/Bi2O3/CdO, SnO2/Bi2O3/Fe2O3 and SnO2/Bi2O3/CdO/Fe2O3 semiconductor materials with energy band gap gradient generates the novel phenomena of photo‐ degradation attenuated oscillation but absent for the SnO2/Bi2O3 and SnO2 materials. It may be originated from the presence of the phase‐transitions of α‐Bi2O3 and β‐Bi2O3, the change ratio of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the photocatalytic process, and the characteristic adsorption of MB molecular groups by the different metal oxides. This provides new ideas for future inspiring continued research on this emerging class of mixed metal oxides semiconductors and thereby enables innovations.
Construction of NaYF4 Library for Morphology‐Controlled Multimodality Applications
Authors: Wen Cong , Yin Fangfei , Cheng Yue , Yu Hua , Sun Yi‐Qing , Yin Xue‐Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMorphology and size of the nanoparticles are highly related to the properties; establishing a library to summarize the relationship between the morphology/size and property is very helpful for associated applications. However, the NaYF4 library and thus the correlation between the morphology and property are still absent. Here NaYF4 library is presented and their morphologies and structures are illustrated at atomic scale for the first time. How about the crystal formation affects the morphology is further used to guide the property. Through rational doping, upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography are investigated with the nanoprisms, nanoflowers, and nanoplates as models to reveal the effect of the size and morphology. The difference of the properties provides strong evidence on the importance of the library. In particular, the “imperfect structure” of nanoflower is observed on atomic scale and enhances the MR response. The different upconversion intensity ratio for the emissions at 475 and 693 nm is observed from doped NaYF4 with different morphology. Thus, controllable fabrication of NaYF4 with desired morphology is indispensable to achieve the optimal properties as the guidance on how to choose matrix from the library to meet the specific applications.
Universal Control for Micromotor Swarms with a Hybrid Sonoelectrode
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Wei Ying , Ou Huan , Zhao Cong , Shi Lukai , Liu Wenjuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnabled by active motion of microrobots, conventional biological detection and chemical analyses limited by passive diffusion can be significantly enhanced with fast testing speed and unique sensitiveness. However, controlled release and precise enrichment of microrobot swarms are still difficult to accomplish and thus prohibit them away from practical applications. Here, an efficient and versatile strategy utilizing a needle‐shaped hybrid sonoelectrode to disperse and aggregate distinct micromotors is presented, remarkably accelerating mass transfer and enhancing the signal intensity. Hydrogen bubbles generated at the tip of charged electrode can oscillate as actuated by the acoustic field, creating intensified vortexes to disperse micromotors spontaneously. Via removing the attached bubble, the sonoelectrode serving as solid needle isolator is capable of collecting micromotors in a large scale with acoustic streaming in the working reservoir at higher ultrasound frequency. Numerical calculation reveals the streaming profiles with/without microbubbles, and manipulations on classic spherical and tubular micromotor models confirm that the acoustic‐powered prototype device is effective for controlling different swarming behaviors in microfluidic channels. Overall, the proposed hybrid sonoelectrode offers a universal and rapid strategy to tailor micromotor swarm behaviors, advancing intelligent microrobots to be featured with active enrichment and compatible for next‐generation sensitive portable detection microsystems.
Enhancement of Breast Mammography to Rapid Screen Abnormalities Using 2D Spatial Fractional‐Order Feature Extraction and Multilayer Machine Vision Classifier
Authors: Chen Pi‐Yun , Wu Jian‐Xing , Lin Chia‐Hung , Hsu Jin‐Chyr , Pai Neng‐Sheng 
Published: October 2021

While breast tumor symptoms [benign (B) or malignant (M) tumors] or lymph node metastasis can be detected at an early stage, the timely discovery of abnormalities could simultaneously improve survival rates and enhance therapeutic efficacy. During first‐line mammography examination, upon finding any solid‐white region, clinicians or radiologists can manually select the region of interest (ROI) from lateral‐view images with a specific bounding box (BB). This study used two‐dimensional (2D) fractional‐order convolution (FOC) operations with fractional‐order parameters (v = 0.3−0.4) to sharpen and retain the structure of possible focus, inhibit the features of background tissue, and remove unwanted noise. The gray‐scale values of breast mammography can be readjusted to enhance the image contrast using a nonlinear intensity transformation function. Abnormal contour levels can automatically be searched on the basis of the edge detection of normalized gradients to interpret the main ROI region using a contour algorithm. Hence, the main ROI can be rapidly identified on each breast mammography. The central region of the main ROI can then be divided into five sub ROIs, which are fed to a multilayer machine vision classifier. We used a general regression neural network (GRNN)‐based classifier to separate normal (no tumor) images from abnormal (B or M tumor) ones and obtain an automatic screening support tool that can decisively confirm suspicious lesions and achieve accurate detection. Using images from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) digital breast mammogram database, we applied the proposed GRNN‐based classifier with K‐fold cross‐validation to emphasize the possible focus and provide additional confidence during imaging examination. Results showed an average recall (%), an average precision (%), an average accuracy (%), and an average F1 score of 87.31%, 90.50%, 88.67%, and 0.8883%, respectively, for the rapid screening of B and M tumors on digital breast X‐ray images. The GRNN‐based classifier is superior to traditional techniques in terms of adaptive learning schemes, computational time consumption, and design cycle. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Novel stripe rust all‐stage resistance loci identified in a worldwide collection of durum wheat using genome‐wide association mapping
Authors: Aoun Meriem , Chen Xianming , Somo Mohamed , Xu Steven S. , Li Xuehui , Elias Elias M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDurumwheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] production is constrained by fungal diseases including stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst). Continuous mining of germplasm for the discovery and deployment of stripe rust resistance (Yr) genes is needed to counter the impact of this disease. In this study, we evaluated a worldwide collection of 432 durum wheat accessions to seven U.S. Pst races that carry diverse virulence and avirulence combinations on wheat Yr genes. We found that 47–82% of the durum wheat accessions were susceptible to each of the tested Pst races. A total of 32 accessions were resistant to all seven races. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using over 97,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers generated from genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 364 accessions identified 56 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with all‐stage stripe rust resistance located on all 14 durum wheat chromosomes. Six of these QTL were associated with resistance to 2–4 Pst races, and none were associated with resistance to all seven races. The remaining 50 QTL were race specific. Eighteen of the 56 identified QTL had relatively large effects against at least one of the races. A map‐based comparison of the discovered QTL in this study with previously published Yr genes and QTL showed that 29 were previously identified, whereas the remaining 27 QTL appeared to be novel. This study reports effective sources of stripe rust resistance to contemporary races in the United States and shows that this durum wheat collection is abundant in novel resistance loci that can be transferred into adapted durum cultivars.
Improvement of the optical characteristics of PVA/PVP blend with different concentrations of SnS2/Fe
Authors: El‐naggar Ahmed M. , Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Kamal Amgad M. , Osman Mohamed M. , Albassam Abdullah A. , Lakshminarayana Gandham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; weight 7:3) polymer blends doped with different ratios (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) from nano SnS2/Fe are developed using casting and thermolysis procedures. Rietveld analysis showed that Fe is incorporated into the SnS2 lattice forming a single hexagonal phase with an average crystallite size of 6 nm along [00l] direction and 15 nm along [h00] direction. X‐ray diffraction together with Fourier transform infrared data is used to examine the homogeneity distribution of the nanofiller over the blend matrix. The effect of doping on the absorbance, transmittance, extinction coefficient, refractive index, direct and indirect optical band gaps, and other dispersion parameters of the blend is studied in detail. The nature of electronic transitions in the different blends was determined using Tauc's relation and the dielectric loss parameter. As the weight concentrations of SnS2/Fe dopants increased, the nonlinear optical parameters are increased relative to the undoped PVA/PVP polymer blend. The influence of the different excitation wavelengths and the amount of nanofillers on the fluorescence spectra from different blends are also investigated.
Spatial and temporal variability characteristics of offshore wind energy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Potisomporn Panit , Vogel Christopher R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe growing reliance on intermittent sources of renewable energy poses challenges for developing reliable electricity networks. This study has analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the UK's offshore wind energy production based on reanalysis of offshore wind speeds between 2000–2017, considering both the 2019 and future distribution of offshore wind farm capacity in UK waters. The extent and frequency of low wind power events are assessed, which are shown to vary seasonally. The correlation in output from offshore wind farm pairs reduces with increasing distance between them, albeit at a slower rate than has been observed for onshore wind farms. The conditional probability between regions of low energy production is also evaluated, which reveals that regions such as the English Channel are much more susceptible to simultaneous periods of low wind energy production if there is limited wind energy production in south‐west England or in the North Sea. Nevertheless, aggregating energy production from all offshore wind farms has a positive effect in reducing the likelihood of prolonged periods of country‐wide very low energy production. Comments are made on the possibilities for regional distribution of installed capacity to reduce the overall variability of wind energy and the relevance of these findings to electricity networks with increasing penetration of wind‐generated electricity.
Transferability of tigecycline resistance: Characterization of the expanding Tet(X) family
Authors: Cui Chao‐Yue , Chen Qiwei , He Qian , Chen Chong , Zhang Rong‐Min , Feng Youjun , Sun Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTetracycline and its derivative tigecycline are clinical options against Gram‐negative bacterial infections. The emergence of mobile Tet(X) enzymes that destruct tetracycline‐type antibiotics is posing a big challenge to antibacterial therapy and food/environmental securities. Here, we present an update on a growing number of Tet(X) variants. We describe structure and action of Tet(X) enzyme, and discuss the evolutional origin. In addition, potential Tet(X) inhibitors are given. This mini‐review might benefit better understanding of Tet(X)‐mediated tigecycline resistance.This article is categorized under:
Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors
Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
APPROACH AND KEY AREAS OF FOCUS
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of the AVENUE21. Connected and Automated Driving: Prospects for Urban Europe research project is to examine the near-term impacts CAT will have on the European city and to analyse the potentials – both positive and negative – of this new technology. By shifting the perspective away from the technological possibilities and their likely applications and towards the possible effects on planning policy, the impacts in terms of urban development and urban societies, we are able to focus our attention on an area that has until now largely been given little, or, in many cases, only selective, consideration.
CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED TRANSPORT IN THE LONG LEVEL 4
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConnection and automation are the instrumental drivers of change in the transport system – yet they are two fundamentally different trends that are not necessarily related to one another (Perret et al. 2017: 6). Despite this, there is growing emphasis on their simultaneity and parallel development: whereas early research frequently spoke of autonomous driving or autonomous vehicles, more recent articles increasingly use the term “connected and automated vehicles”: “Even though automated vehicles do not necessarily need to be connected and connected vehicles do not require automation, it is expected that in the medium term connectivity will be a major enabler for automated vehicles” (European Commission 2018: 4).
Continuous gastric saline perfusion elicits cardiovascular responses in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Morgenroth Daniel , McArley Tristan , Ekström Andreas , Gräns Albin , Axelsson Michael , Sandblom Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen in seawater, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) drink to avoid dehydration and display stroke volume (SV) mediated elevations in cardiac output (CO) and an increased proportion of CO is diverted to the gastrointestinal tract as compared to when in freshwater. These cardiovascular alterations are associated with distinct reductions in systemic and gastrointestinal vascular resistance (RSys and RGI, respectively). Although increased gastrointestinal blood flow (GBF) is likely essential for osmoregulation in seawater, the sensory functions and mechanisms driving the vascular resistance changes and other associated cardiovascular changes in euryhaline fishes remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether internal gastrointestinal mechanisms responsive to osmotic changes mediate the cardiovascular changes typically observed in seawater, by comparing the cardiovascular responses of freshwater-acclimated rainbow trout receiving continuous (for 4 days) gastric perfusion with half-strength seawater (½ SW, ~ 17 ppt) to control fish (i.e., no perfusion). We show that perfusion with ½ SW causes significantly larger increases in CO, SV and GBF, as well as reductions in RSys and RGI, compared with the control, whilst there were no significant differences in blood composition between treatments. Taken together, our data suggest that increased gastrointestinal luminal osmolality is sensed directly in the gut, and at least partly, mediates cardiovascular responses previously observed in SW acclimated rainbow trout. Even though a potential role of mechano-receptor stimulation from gastrointestinal volume loading in eliciting these cardiovascular responses cannot be excluded, our study indicates the presence of internal gastrointestinal milieu-sensing mechanisms that affect cardiovascular responses when environmental salinity changes.
Genetic microbial faecal source tracking: rising technology to support future water quality testing and safety management
Authors: Steinbacher Sophia D. , Savio Domenico , Demeter Katalin , Karl Martin , Kandler Wolfgang , Kirschner Alexander K. T. , Reischer Georg H. , Ixenmaier Simone K. , Mayer René E. , Mach Robert L. , Derx Julia , Sommer Regina , Linke Rita , Farnleitner Andreas H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent developments in water resource monitoring have increased the demand for the reliable identification of faecal pollution sources, also defined as microbial (faecal) source tracking (MST). Standardized faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) enumeration does not directly support MST, as SFIB occur in animal and human sources. The aim of this study was to rigorously evaluate the applicability of host-associated faecal genetic MST markers detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at representative Austrian water resources (ground-, surface-, raw and treated wastewater, n = 196 samples) with high importance for the water management sector. Groundwater covered a gradient of non- (i.e., deep wells) to surface influenced resources (i.e., karst and shallow wells). In addition, single faecal excreta from humans as well as representative livestock and wildlife species were collected to evaluate the faecal source-specificity and -sensitivity of the MST assays. Genetic MST marker resistance against UV irradiation was evaluated in on-site ground and wastewater treatment installations. Bacteroides-based human- (HF183II, BacHum), ruminant- (BacR), and pig-associated (Pig2Bac) MST marker qPCR quantification was performed in concert with cultivation of E. coli, intestinal enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens (SFIB diagnostics). The selected MST makers revealed high faecal source identification capacity for the Austrian water compartments and quantitatively reflected the selected faecal pollution gradient. The study also demonstrated that SFIB data can efficiently be combined with MST data to solve previously unanswered questions in water safety monitoring and management (e.g., support pollution source-targeted catchment protection, hazard assessment, and health risk management). Further research and development needs are discussed to exploit the full power of MST technology. In conclusion, this study illustrates the capacity of molecular faecal pollution diagnostics to revolutionize water quality testing in the decades to come.
Allergie und Trockenes Auge
Authors: Woltsche Nora , Boldin Ingrid , Horwath-Winter Jutta 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAllergische Erkrankungen der Augenoberfläche (okuläre Allergie, OA) und Trockene Augen (Keratokonjunktivitis sicca, KCS) sind zwei häufige klinische Entitäten, die oft konkomitant auftreten und sich vice versa gegenseitig bedingen. Dieser Artikel fasst die Assoziationen zwischen OA und KCS in Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie zusammen und wird aufzeigen, dass das Kardinalsymptom des Juckreizes kein allgemeingültiges Dogma darstellen muss, anhand dessen diese 2 Entitäten korrekt voneinander differenziert werden können. Es folgt weiters ein Überblick über Überempfindlichkeits-Reaktionen der Augenoberfläche, welche sich häufig als KCS äußern, sowie über KCS als okuläre Nebenwirkung von systemischen anti-allergischen Medikamenten.