bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric parameters on MRA source images to differentiate small Proximal Posterior communicating artery aneurysms from Infundibular dilation
Authors: Kim Yun Ji , Yoon Dae Young , Kim Eun Soo , Yun Eun Joo , Jeon Hong Jun , Lee Jong Young , Cho Byung‐Moon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeWe aimed to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the differentiation of small aneurysms versus infundibular dilations (IDs) at the internal carotid artery‐posterior communicating artery (ICA‐PComA) junction, emphasizing the role of MRA axial source images.MethodsThis retrospective study consisted of 83 focal arterial protrusions at ICA‐PComA junction in 76 patients who underwent both MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)/3‐dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). The diagnostic performance of MRA for differential diagnosis of aneurysm from ID was calculated using DSA/3DRA interpretation as the standard of reference. In addition, long‐axis diameter, short‐axis diameter, long‐axis diameter/short‐axis diameter (L/S) ratio, and angle of lesion (angle of the long‐axis of lesion with respect to the x‐axis) measured on MRA source images were compared between aneurysms and IDs.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRA for distinguishing aneurysms from IDs were 74.4% (57.9‐87.0%) to 76.9% (60.7‐88.9%), 93.2% (81.3‐98.6%) to 95.5% (84.5‐99.4%), and 85.5% (76.1‐92.3%), respectively. Significant differences were found for the long‐axis diameter (P < .001), short‐axis diameter (P < .001), L/S ratio (P < .05), and angle of the lesion (P < .001) on MRA axial source images between aneurysms and IDs. The angle of the lesion had the highest discriminatory ability (area under the curve = .966 [.902‐.994]) to differentiate aneurysms from IDs. An angle of lesion >60° was 89.7% (75.8‐97.1%) sensitive and 100% (92.0‐100.0%) specific for diagnosis of aneurysm.ConclusionsMRA is a useful imaging modality for distinguishing between aneurysm and ID at the ICA‐PComA junction. Furthermore, geometric parameters on MRA axial source images can provide added value in their differentiation.
Nail changes in children with idiopathic congenital clubfoot deformity
Authors: Lampasi Manuele , Bandinelli Diletta , Abati Caterina Novella , Bettuzzi Camilla , Salvatori Giada , Bassi Andrea , Filippeschi Cesare , Oranges Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNail alterations are commonly seen in cases of idiopathic clubfoot and may cause parental concern. The nature of and whether these changes are congenital or develop secondary to treatment has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate toenail morphology in clubfoot patients at presentation, to re‐evaluate them during the course of treatment for the clubfoot, and to analyze findings in the light of the few literature reports for healthy children of the same age.MethodsThirty infants (21 males and 9 females) with idiopathic clubfoot were prospectively enrolled at the Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital. Nails of affected and non‐affected feet were evaluated by a team of pediatric dermatologists at presentation and re‐evaluated once per patient during the bracing period of Ponseti treatment.ResultsToenails of affected (47) and non‐affected (13) feet were abnormal at presentation in 43.3% of patients, in both clubfeet (40.4%) and non‐affected feet (38.5%), but most changes were physiologic or transitory alterations, commonly found in healthy children, with nail concavity (koilonychia) being the most common finding (29.7%). Changes were not related to clubfoot severity or laterality (P > .05). In most (76.9%) unilateral cases, there was concordance of nail changes between clubfoot and non‐affected foot. At re‐evaluation (follow‐up time 410 ± 207 days), nail problems were more frequent (53.3%); ingrown toenail was the most common (21.6%).ConclusionsThe presence of nail alterations seems not to be caused by clubfoot pathology and could be related to unfavorable local condition in the brace.
Gender differences in geriatric syndromes as mental illness and nervous system diseases in hospitalized Thai older patients
Authors: Suanrueang Passakorn , Shen Yong‐Jiang , Lin Hsiao‐Fang , Er Tze‐Kiong , Suen Mein‐Woei , Shieh Fu‐An 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOlder persons are affected by mental and neurological disorders differently, and gender plays a significant role influencing geriatric disorder differentiation. Accordingly this study characterized gender differences in geriatric syndromes among hospitalized elderly Thai patients.MethodsProbabilities of disease occurrence reflecting gender differences were calculated using historical data obtained from the Ministry of Public Health website, Thailand. We selected older patients aged 60 years and above admitted to inpatient departments in public hospitals with mental disorders and nervous system diseases from 2014 to 2018, counting over 160 000 cases each year. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyse and demonstrate gender differences.ResultsCompared to older females, older males had higher occurrences of four mental disorders revealed by OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) values: substance abuse (5.74, 5.08–6.49), alcohol use (5.66, 5.44–5.89), behavioural problems (1.34, 1.31–1.37), and schizophrenia (1.10, 1.06–1.14). Lower incidences for older males were seen in the same values for three mental disorders: neurotic issues (0.46, 0.44–0.49), mood disorders (0.58, 0.56–0.60), and dementia (0.91, 0.88–0.94). For neurological disorders, men had similar higher incidences for epilepsy (1.67, 1.63–1.72), cerebral palsy (1.61, 1.57–1.65), nervous system inflammatory diseases (1.53, 1.46–1.60), ischaemic attacks (1.42, 1.36–1.48), miscellaneous other nervous disorders (1.20; 1.18–1.22), and Parkinson's disease (1.15, 1.12–1.19). By contrast, older men had lower incidences of multiple sclerosis (0.55, 0.35–0.86), migraines (0.66, 0.62–0.70), and Alzheimer's disease (0.75, 0.71–0.78).ConclusionAccurate characterization of gender differences in geriatric syndromes can better inform policies for appropriate early detection and prevention, and contribute to the development of treatment and intervention for various issues affecting elderly men and women's health.
Choice and opportunity on the welfare care market: An experimental evaluation of decision‐making in a context of individual funding policy
Authors: Dursin Wouter , Benoot Toon , Roose Rudi , Verschuere Bram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndividual funding schemes are increasingly implemented to organize public welfare services and can be considered as a prime example of the marketization of social care. Clients receive a budget and can “shop” on the welfare market. Current knowledge about the impact of individual funding schemes on choice opportunities for people with an intellectual disability is inconclusive. We conducted a vignette experiment in the context of the Flemish (Belgian) individual funding scheme for people with a disability, using 610 close relatives of people with an intellectual disability as subjects. The respondents were presented with hypothetical situations in which they had to express their intention to change current care provision into care via personal assistance. We find that dissatisfaction with services and having a supportive network increases the intention to change care. Professional support from the incumbent provider does not have a significant impact. We conclude that the promise of choice, as assumed with marketized public services, is likely to be fulfilled only under particular conditions. This entails risks in terms of equal opportunities for clients receiving public services in the context of welfare markets.
Context of a Contested Landscape
Authors: Evans Jocelyn J. , Lees William B. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis piece outlines the historical contours of Confederate memorialization in the South, drawing attention to major types of monuments and the timing of their erection. It also identifies the agents of commemoration, groups who invested significant time and resources in forging the Lost Cause narrative, and sets these efforts within the context of broader patterns of historical memory and civic celebration throughout the South.MethodWe review the scholarly literature across disciplines on Confederate memorialization and tease out themes of group agency, memory and identity, cultural narrative, and symbolism.ResultsWe reveal a periodization of memorialization marked by key moments and events, a systematic effort by civic associations, a typology of monuments, a deployment of neoclassical style in service to Lost Cause culture, and a lingering reference to Civil War era flags and symbols.ConclusionProviding context for examination of Confederate memorialization in the South grounds academic and popular discourse on these public spaces as tools of racial marginalization and scenes of political contestation.
A Numerical and Experimental Methodology to Characterize the Gaseous Cavitation in Spool Valves With U-Notches
Authors: Frosina Emma , Marinaro Gianluca , Amoresano Amedeo , Senatore Adolfo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The performance of spool valves can deteriorate and noise can occur due to cavitation. The noise sound levels caused by cavitation are influenced by many parameters, among which the most important is not-optimal geometry of components. In this article, a two ways—two positions directional control valve was studied using experimental and numerical approaches. Tests were performed on a plexiglass body and steel spool analyzing the cavitating area that develops in U-notches. A dedicated test rig was equipped with a high-speed camera placed directly in front of the area of interest where cavitation occurs. Different working conditions were tested by varying the upstream pressure to encourage the development of cavitation. Images were acquired and postprocessed, focusing the contour extraction between the liquid and gaseous phases. The images were compared with results from three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic numerical simulations performed using commercial software. The numerical estimation of flow characteristics corroborated the results from investigations carried out using a fast camera, including periodic cavitation structures. This study demonstrates the importance and usefulness of using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic approach during the prototyping phase to create quieter component designs
Construction of the Signal Profile for Use in Blade Tip-Timing Analysis
Authors: Maturkanič Dušan , Procházka Pavel , Hodboď Robert , Tchawou Tchuisseu Eder Batista , Brabec Marek , Russhard Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper illustrates a fundamentally different approach applied to blade tip-timing (BTT) analysis in the background of works performed through the long history of this method. New innovative approach is based on the precise separation of measured data that was published in previous works. In this respect, the construction of the signal profile is intended for fast and accurate definition of the regulation function served to expression of the complete speed fluctuation and its instabilities. Following, the presented signal profile is demonstrated on four variants of data processing in two significantly different operations, where it allows the application of a one-step approach. Finally, these results are also compared with a two-step method used in previous cases without the signal profile. The benefit of the suggested procedure of the signal profile calculation is evident in the possibility of processing more complex functions in deterministic methods without limiting the characteristic advantages of these methods.
Comparison of the Quantitative DiaSorin Liaison Antigen Test to Reverse Transcription-PCR for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Outpatients
Authors: Lefever Stefanie , Indevuyst Christophe , Cuypers Lize , Dewaele Klaas , Yin Nicolas , Cotton Frédéric , Padalko Elizaveta , Oyaert Matthijs , Descy Julie , Cavalier Etienne , Van Ranst Marc , André Emmanuel , Lagrou Katrien , Vermeersch Pieter 
Published: April 2021

We evaluated the quantitative DiaSorin Liaison severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen test in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals consulting their general practitioners (GPs) during a period of stable intense virus circulation (213/100,000 habitants per day). Leftover reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) positive (
n
= 204) and negative (
n
= 210) nasopharyngeal samples were randomly selected among fresh routine samples collected from patients consulting their GPs.
Application of the Molecular Invariom Model for the Study of Interactions Involving Fluorine Atoms in the {$${\text{Yb}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{{\text{II}}}}$$(μ2-OCH(CF3)2)3(μ3-OCH(CF3)2)2YbIII(OCH(CF3)2)2(THF)(Et2O)} Complex
Authors: Rumyantsev R. V. , Fukin G. K. , Baranov E. V. , Cherkasov A. V. , Kozlova E. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electron density distributions obtained by the quantum-chemical (density functional theory) calculations and molecular invariom model in the trimeric ytterbium complex with the hexafluoroisopropoxide ligands {$${\text{Yb}}_{{\text{2}}}^{{{\text{II}}}}$$(μ2-OR)3(μ3-OR)2YbIII(OR)2(THF)(Et2O)} (I) (where R is CH(CF3)2, and THF is tetrahydrofuran) are compared. The main topological characteristics of the electron density at the critical points (3, –1) corresponding to the interactions of the ytterbium atoms in the coordination sphere obtained using two studied approaches demonstrate excellent agreement. The maximum divergence between the density functional calculations and molecular invariom model is observed for the intramolecular interactions involving the fluorine atoms (F···F, F···H, and F···O) in the structure of complexI. Geometry optimization leads to a higher number of these interactions in the complex. The energy corresponding to these interactions also increases. However, the main topological characteristics for the F···X interactions (X = F, H, O), which can be localized in the framework of both methods, remain within the transferability index range. An analysis of the deformation electron density shows that the Fδ–···Fδ–interactions are determined by the correspondence of the region of electron density concentration on one of the fluorine atoms to the region of electron density depletion on the second fluorine atom regardless of the method of measuring the electron density distribution.
Intrathecal baclofen pumps in the management of hypertonia in childhood: a UK and Ireland wide survey
Authors: Lodh Rajib , Amin Sam , Ammar Amr , Bellis Lucy , Brink Phillip , Calisto Amedeo , Crimmins Darach , Eunson Paul , Forsyth Rob J , Goodden John , Kaminska Margaret , Kehoe Joanne , Kirkpatrick Martin , Kumar Ram , Leonard Jane , Lording Alice , Martin Katherine , Miller Russell , Mordekar Santosh R , Pettorini Benedetta , Smith Martin , Smith Rachel , Sneade Christine , Whitney Andrea , Vloeberghs Michael , Zaki Hesham , Lumsden Daniel E 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a useful treatment for hypertonia where non-invasive treatments have been ineffective or poorly tolerated. There is an absence of national guidance on selection criteria and a lack of literature regarding patient characteristics and treatment details for children and young people (CYP) receiving ITB therapy in the UK and Ireland. We aimed to gather patient and treatment characteristics for CYP receiving ITB in the UK and Ireland.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to all paediatric ITB centres in the UK and Ireland. Anonymised data were returned between December 2019 and April 2020. CYP >16 years and those awaiting ITB pump removal were excluded from the dataset.Results176 CYP were identified as receiving ITB therapy across the UK and Ireland. The majority of CYP with ITB pumps were non-ambulant (93%) with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (79%). Median age of ITB insertion was 9 years; median current age was 14 years. 79% of CYP had significant spasticity, 55% had significant dystonia. The most commonly used ITB dosing modes were continuous (73%) and flexible (23%).ConclusionsITB pumps were most frequently used for non-ambulant CYP with cerebral palsy and existence of spasticity and/or dystonia in the UK and Ireland. Most CYP were receiving a continuous dose of ITB. There is significant variation in the number of paediatric ITB pumps across UK and Ireland. There is a need for development of nationally accepted paediatric referral criteria and clinical standards for ITB use.
A 4-year study of hamstring injury outcomes in elite track and field using the British Athletics rehabilitation approach
Authors: Pollock Noel , Kelly Shane , Lee Justin , Stone Ben , Giakoumis Michael , Polglass George , Brown James , MacDonald Ben 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThe British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) correlates with return to play in muscle injury. The aim of this study was to examine hamstring injury diagnoses and outcomes within elite track and field athletes following implementation of the British Athletics hamstring rehabilitation approach.MethodsAll hamstring injuries sustained by elite track and field athletes on the British Athletics World Class Programme between December 2015 and November 2019 that underwent an MRI and had British Athletics medical team prescribed rehabilitation were included. Athlete demographics and specific injury details, including mechanism of injury, self-reported gait phase, MRI characteristics and time to return to full training (TRFT) were contemporaneously recorded.Results70 hamstring injuries in 46 athletes (24 women and 22 men, 24.6±3.7 years) were included. BAMIC grade and the intratendon c classification correlated with increased TRFT. Mean TRFT was 18.6 days for the entire cohort. Mean TRFT for intratendon classifications was 34±7 days (2c) and 48±17 days (3c). The overall reinjury rate was 2.9% and no reinjuries were sustained in the intratendon classifications. MRI variables of length and cross-sectional (CSA) area of muscle oedema, CSA of tendon injury and loss of tendon tension were associated with TRFT. Longitudinal length of tendon injury, in the intratendon classes, was not associated with TRFT.ConclusionThe application of BAMIC to inform hamstring rehabilitation in British Athletics results in low reinjury rates and favourable TRFT following hamstring injury. The key MRI variables associated with longer recovery are length and CSA of muscle oedema, CSA of tendon injury and loss of tendon tension.
Interaction Dynamic Response of a High-Speed Train Moving Over Curved Bridges with Deficient or Surplus Superelevation
Authors: Shi Jin , Ma Dengke , Gao Ya 
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a three-dimensional dynamic model for high-speed railway trains moving over curved bridges considering the transition curves, circular curves, and superelevation. Key features of this study are to consider the nonlinear geometrical relationships and creep relationships between the wheels and rail, for which the interactive iterative numerical algorithms are developed based on the equations of vertical displacement and rolling of wheelset, and the torsional resonance conditions of the vehicle–bridge system are verified. The results show that the torsional vibration will cause amplification on vertical dynamic response of the beam on the outside edge of the curve. The deficient/surplus superelevation plays an important role in the lateral and torsional angular displacements of the bridge, and the peak of the torsional resonance response can be reduced by adjusting the practical superelevation of the curve. The variations of wheel–load reduction rate and derailment coefficient in the curve section are positively correlated to the deficient/surplus superelevation. The curve radius is the key factor affecting the wear and fatigue of wheel–rail, and when the curve radius is greater than 7000 m, the wear and fatigue can be significantly reduced. Running at a deficient superelevation level can also reduce the wear and fatigue.
Constant-Delay Enumeration for Nondeterministic Document Spanners
Authors: Amarilli Antoine , Bourhis Pierre , Mengel Stefan , Niewerth Matthias 
Published: April 2021

We consider the information extraction framework known as
document spanners
and study the problem of efficiently computing the results of the extraction from an input document, where the extraction task is described as a sequential
variable-set automaton
(VA). We pose this problem in the setting of enumeration algorithms, where we can first run a preprocessing phase and must then produce the results with a small delay between any two consecutive results. Our goal is to have an algorithm that is tractable in combined complexity, i.e., in the sizes of the input document and the VA, while ensuring the best possible data complexity bounds in the input document size, i.e., constant delay in the document size. Several recent works at PODS’18 proposed such algorithms but with linear delay in the document size or with an exponential dependency in size of the (generally nondeterministic) input VA. In particular, Florenzano et al. suggest that our desired runtime guarantees cannot be met for general sequential VAs. We refute this and show that, given a nondeterministic sequential VA and an input document, we can enumerate the mappings of the VA on the document with the following bounds: the preprocessing is linear in the document size and polynomial in the size of the VA, and the delay is independent of the document and polynomial in the size of the VA. The resulting algorithm thus achieves tractability in combined complexity and the best possible data complexity bounds. Moreover, it is rather easy to describe, particularly for the restricted case of so-called extended VAs. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm empirically using a prototype implementation.
Biomarker-Based Risk Prediction With the ABC-AF Scores in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Not Receiving Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Benz Alexander P. , Hijazi Ziad , Lindbäck Johan , Connolly Stuart J. , Eikelboom John W. , Oldgren Jonas , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The novel ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History) scores outperform traditional risk scores for stroke, major bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation. To refine their utility, the ABC-AF scores needed to be validated in patients not receiving oral anticoagulation.

Methods:
We measured plasma levels of the ABC biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin-T, and growth-differentiation factor 15) to apply the previously developed ABC-AF scores in patients with AF receiving aspirin (n=3195) or aspirin and clopidogrel (n=1110) in 2 large clinical trials. Calibration was assessed by comparing estimated with observed 1-year risks. Cox regression models were used for recalibration. Discrimination was evaluated separately for the aspirin-only and the overall cohort (n=4305).

Results:
The ABC-AF-stroke score yielded a c-index of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67–0.73) in both cohorts. The ABC-AF-bleeding score had a c-index of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.71–0.81) in the aspirin-only cohort and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.69–0.77) overall. Both scores were superior to risk scores recommended by current guidelines. The ABC-AF-death score yielded a c-index of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.76–0.80) overall. Calibrated in patients receiving oral anticoagulation, the ABC-AF-stroke score underestimated and the ABC-AF-bleeding score overestimated the risk of events in both cohorts. These scores were recalibrated for prediction of absolute event rates in the absence of oral anticoagulation.

Conclusions:
The biomarker-based ABC-AF scores showed better discrimination than traditional risk scores and were recalibrated for precise risk estimation in patients not receiving oral anticoagulation. They can now provide improved decision support on treatment of an individual patient with AF.