bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surprising Homolytic Gas Phase Co−C Bond Dissociation Energies of Organometallic Aryl‐Cobinamides Reveal Notable Non‐Bonded Intramolecular Interactions
Authors: Tsybizova Alexandra , Brenig Christopher , Kieninger Christoph , Kräutler Bernhard , Chen Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAryl‐cobalamins are a new class of organometallic structural mimics of vitamin B12 designed as potential ‘antivitamins B12’. Here, the first cationic aryl‐cobinamides are described, which were synthesized using the newly developed diaryl‐iodonium method. The aryl‐cobinamides were obtained as pairs of organometallic coordination isomers, the stereo‐structure of which was unambiguously assigned based on homo‐ and heteronuclear NMR spectra. The availability of isomers with axial attachment of the aryl group, either at the ‘beta’ or at the ‘alpha’ face of the cobalt‐center allowed for an unprecedented comparison of the organometallic reactivity of such pairs. The homolytic gas‐phase bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the coordination‐isomeric phenyl‐ and 4‐ethylphenyl‐cobinamides were determined by ESI‐MS threshold CID experiments, furnishing (Co−C
)‐BDEs of 38.4 and 40.6 kcal mol−1, respectively, for the two β‐isomers, and the larger BDEs of 46.6 and 43.8 kcal mol−1 for the corresponding α‐isomers. Surprisingly, the observed (Co−C
)‐BDEs of the Coβ‐aryl‐cobinamides were smaller than the (Co−C
)‐BDE of Coβ‐methyl‐cobinamide. DFT studies and the magnitudes of the experimental (Co−C
)‐BDEs revealed relevant contributions of non‐bonded interactions in aryl‐cobinamides, notably steric strain between the aryl and the cobalt‐corrin moieties and non‐bonded interactions with and among the peripheral sidechains.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Carbonylation of Amines to Oxalamides
Authors: Meyer Tim , Rabeah Jabor , Brückner Angelika , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of amines toward the synthesis of oxalamides has been established around 30 years ago and it usually needs the presence of (over)stoichiometric amounts of oxidant. In this work, the first transformation of this type in which the oxidant was replaced by visible light is described. The new approach uses a simple robust Pd complex, which can even be partially recycled. A mechanistic reason is provided and supported by control experiments and EPR studies, showing that PdI was formed and Pd0 was the active species. Both nitrogen‐ and the intermediate acyl radical can be detected. Moreover, the formation of hydrogen was confirmed by gas GC.
Scalable Synthesis of Porous SiFe@C Composite with Excellent Lithium Storage
Authors: Lu Tongzhou , Gong Junjie , Xu Zeyu , Yin Jiaqian , Shao Haibo , Wang Jianming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUtilizing cost‐effective raw materials to prepare high‐performance silicon‐based anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is both challenging and attractive. Herein, a porous SiFe@C (pSiFe@C) composite derived from low‐cost ferrosilicon is prepared via a scalable three‐step procedure, including ball milling, partial etching, and carbon layer coating. The pSiFe@C material integrates the advantages of the mesoporous structure, the partially retained FeSi2 conductive phase, and a uniform carbon layer (12–16 nm), which can substantially alleviate the huge volume expansion effect in the repeated lithium‐ion insertion/extraction processes, effectively stabilizing the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and markedly enhancing the overall electronic conductivity of the material. Benefiting from the rational structure, the obtained pSiFe@C hybrid material delivers a reversible capacity of 1162.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1, with a higher initial coulombic efficiency of 82.30 %. In addition, it shows large discharge capacities of 803.1 and 600.0 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2 and 4 A g−1, respectively, manifesting an excellent electrochemical lithium storage. This work provides a good prospect for the commercial production of silicon‐based anode materials for LIBs with a high lithium‐storage capacity.
Helical Antimicrobial Peptide Foldamers Containing Non‐proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Yokoo Hidetomo , Hirano Motoharu , Misawa Takashi , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential novel therapeutic drugs against microbial infections. Most AMPs function by disrupting microbial membranes because of their amphipathic properties and ordered secondary structures. In this minireview, we describe recent efforts to develop helical AMP foldamers containing non‐proteinogenic amino acids, such as α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids, β‐amino acids, γ‐amino acids, side‐chain stapling and N‐alkyl glycines.
Fitness and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality: Results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project
Authors: Reiter‐Brennan Cara , Dzaye Omar , Al‐Mallah Mouaz H. , Dardari Zeina , Brawner Clinton A. , Lamerato Lois E. , Keteyian Steven J. , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Blaha Michael J. , Visvanathan Kala , Marshall Catherine H. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe relation between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and prostate cancer is not well established. The objective of this study was to determine whether CRF is associated with prostate cancer screening, incidence, or mortality.MethodsThe Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project is a retrospective cohort study of men aged 40 to 70 years without cancer who underwent physician‐referred exercise stress testing from 1995 to 2009. CRF was quantified in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) (<6 [reference], 6‐9, 10‐11, and ≥12 METs), estimated from the peak workload achieved during a symptom‐limited, maximal exercise stress test. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing, incident prostate cancer, and all‐cause mortality were analyzed with multivariable adjusted Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsIn total, 22,827 men were included, of whom 739 developed prostate cancer, with a median follow‐up of 7.5 years. Men who had high fitness (≥12 METs) had an 28% higher risk of PSA screening (95% CI, 1.2‐1.3) compared with those who had low fitness (<6 METs. After adjusting for PSA screening, fitness was associated with higher prostate cancer incidence (men aged <55 years,P= .02; men aged >55 years,P≤ .01), but not with advanced prostate cancer. Among the men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer, high fitness was associated with a 60% lower risk of all‐cause mortality (95% CI, 0.2‐0.9).ConclusionsAlthough men with high fitness are more likely to undergo PSA screening, this does not fully account for the increased incidence of prostate cancer seen among these individuals. However, men with high fitness have a lower risk of death after a prostate cancer diagnosis, suggesting that the cancers identified may be low‐risk with little impact on long‐term outcomes.
Research on case preprocessing based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Chuyue , Cai Manchun , Zhao Xiaofan , Wang Dawei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsidering the problem of missing fields in the criminal case system, this article proposes a deep learning algorithm to extract the features of the case description and fill in the missing value. Due to Chinese expressions and characteristics of criminal cases, we make both character vectors and word vectors to present text embedding. Character vectors are from bert model. Word vector is trained by long short‐term memory model with attention. The experiment uses 13,890 data totally. This work is an extension of our short conference proceeding paper. The results show that the combination of characters and words can effectively improve the accuracy of the conference paper by 9%. This is the first time to cascade the character and word dimensions on the criminal case information preprocess and it can provide higher quality data especially for the crime data mining.
Multipopulation artificial bee colony algorithm based on a modified probability selection model
Authors: Xu Minyang , Wang Wenjun , Wang Hui , Xiao Songyi , Huang Zhikai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArtificial bee colony (ABC) performs excellently over many problems, but it has some shortcomings, such as weak exploitation as well as slow convergence. For the sake of dealing with these issues, a modified ABC known as MPABC is presented. Firstly, the entire population is partitioned into two different subpopulations at the stage of employed bees, and they use different search strategies. Then, a new probability selection strategy is designed on the basis of the principle of Soft Maximum function. Finally, a novel search method is constructed for improving the intensity of exploitation by gradually increasing the ratio of the current optimal solutions. In order to comprehensively validate the capability of MPABC, 12 benchmark problems are employed. Computational results clearly demonstrate MPABC surpasses the basic ABC and some other famous ABCs.
Carrot or stick? An empirical analysis of the different implementation strategies of the EU directive on nonfinancial information across Europe
Authors: Mio Chiara , Fasan Marco , Marcon Carlo , Panfilo Silvia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe recent EU Directive on nonfinancial information (NFI) disclosure allows Member States some discretion regarding its implementation. More specifically, it allows countries to decide whether: (a) information assurance is compulsory; (b) companies can waive NFI disclosure because of possible competitive harms (safe harbor); and (c) fines can be imposed on companies not disclosing NFI. We empirically test the impact of different implementation strategies on NFI quantity and quality, and we find that regulations providing incentives ('carrots') are more effective than regulations imposing costs ('sticks'). More specifically, while mandatory assurance and safe harbor have a positive impact on NFI quantity, fines do not. Our results contribute to the literature on NFI disclosure and inform regulators on the effectiveness of different implementation strategies.
Ka‐band distributed microelectromechanical systems transmission line phase shifter using metal air metal switch
Authors: Teymoori Mir Majid , Dousti Massoud , Afrang Saeid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new approach for designing a two‐state unit cell for a six‐bit distributed coplanar waveguide microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) phase shifter is proposed in this study. The proposed structure includes metal air metal (MAM) capacitors as switches and consists of a unit cell with one MEMS and two MAM switches to produce two phase shifts per unit cell. In the first state, the MAM switches are pulled down and a 5.625° phase shift is achieved, and in the second state, the MEMS switch is actuated to yield a phase shift of 11.25°. The designed structure is modeled using equivalent transmission line circuit model and simulated in the Ka‐band at 34 GHz, employing advanced design system (ADS), ANSOFT HFSS and COMSOL software. Based on the modeling and simulation results, the root‐mean‐square (RMS) phase error is 1.4°, and maximum return loss and minimum insertion loss for all 64 states are better than −10.1 and −1.45 dB, respectively. The main advantages of the designed structure are its small size, low loss, low phase error and a simple phase shift mechanism. A fabrication process is also proposed for the distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) phase shifter that shows the feasibility of the proposed design. The proposed structure can be easily scaled to other bands and used in applications with more bits as complex as phased array antennas.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided treatment for malignant afferent loop obstruction after Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Uno Koji , Yasuda Kenjiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS‐GJ) using a lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) has been reported. However, LAMS is not available in many countries and is more expensive than a conventional fully covered self‐expandable metal stent (FCSEMS). We treated cases of malignant afferent loop obstruction after Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction: three patients underwent EUS‐guided hepaticoenterostomy (EUS‐HES) and one patient underwent EUS‐GJ with a conventional biliary FCSEMS, instead of EUS‐GJ with a LAMS. In two of the cases, EUS‐GJ or EUS‐guided jejunojejunostomy was not indicated because the afferent loop was far from the stomach or jejunum, and EUS‐HES was performed. In one case, in which both EUS‐HES and EUS‐GJ were feasible, EUS‐HES was performed because of unavailability of LAMS for EUS‐GJ in Japan. In another case, EUS‐HES was not indicated because of massive ascites around the liver, and thus, EUS‐GJ using a 10 mm FCSEMS combined with a 7 Fr large‐loop double‐pigtail plastic stent was performed. In all four cases, the patients’ symptoms improved without any adverse events. Stent occlusion did not occur in three of the four cases until the patients died of advanced cancer progression. EUS‐GJ using a 10 mm FCSEMS with a 7 Fr large‐loop double‐pigtail plastic stent or EUS‐HES is likely safe and effective for managing malignant afferent loop obstruction.
Analysing detection gaps in acoustic telemetry data to infer differential movement patterns in fish
Authors: Williamson Michael J. , Tebbs Emma J. , Dawson Terence P. , Curnick David J. , Ferretti Francesco , Carlisle Aaron B. , Chapple Taylor K. , Schallert Robert J. , Tickler David M. , Harrison Xavier A. , Block Barbara A. , Jacoby David M.P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA wide array of technologies are available for gaining insight into the movement of wild aquatic animals. Although acoustic telemetry can lack the fine‐scale spatial resolution of some satellite tracking technologies, the substantially longer battery life can yield important long‐term data on individual behavior and movement for low per‐unit cost. Typically, however, receiver arrays are designed to maximize spatial coverage at the cost of positional accuracy leading to potentially longer detection gaps as individuals move out of range between monitored locations. This is particularly true when these technologies are deployed to monitor species in hard‐to‐access locations.Here, we develop a novel approach to analyzing acoustic telemetry data, using the timing and duration of gaps between animal detections to infer different behaviors. Using the durations between detections at the same and different receiver locations (i.e., detection gaps), we classify behaviors into “restricted” or potential wider “out‐of‐range” movements synonymous with longer distance dispersal. We apply this method to investigate spatial and temporal segregation of inferred movement patterns in two sympatric species of reef shark within a large, remote, marine protected area (MPA). Response variables were generated using network analysis, and drivers of these movements were identified using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference.Species, diel period, and season were significant predictors of “out‐of‐range” movements. Silvertip sharks were overall more likely to undertake “out‐of‐range” movements, compared with gray reef sharks, indicating spatial segregation, and corroborating previous stable isotope work between these two species. High individual variability in “out‐of‐range” movements in both species was also identified.We present a novel gap analysis of telemetry data to help infer differential movement and space use patterns where acoustic coverage is imperfect and other tracking methods are impractical at scale. In remote locations, inference may be the best available tool and this approach shows that acoustic telemetry gap analysis can be used for comparative studies in fish ecology, or combined with other research techniques to better understand functional mechanisms driving behavior.
Biogeography of the West Indies: A complex scenario for species radiations in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Authors: Rodriguez‐Silva Rodet , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies of the biogeography of the West Indies are numerous but not all taxonomic groups have received the same attention. Many of the contributions to this field have historically focused on terrestrial vertebrates from a perspective closely linked to the classical theory of island biogeography. However, some recent works have questioned whether some of the assumptions of this theory are too simplistic. In this review, we compiled information about the West Indies biogeography based on an extensive and rigorous literature search. While we offer some background of the main hypotheses that explain the origin of the Caribbean biota, our main purpose here is to highlight divergent diversification patterns observed in terrestrial versus aquatic groups of the West Indian biota and also to shed light on the unbalanced number of studies covering the biogeography of these groups of organisms. We use an objective method to compile existing information in the field and produce a rigorous literature review. Our results show that most of the relevant literature in the field is related to the study of terrestrial organisms (mainly vertebrates) and only a small portion covers aquatic groups. Specifically, livebearing fishes show interesting deviations from the species‐area relationship predicted by classical island biogeography theory. We found that species richness on the Greater Antilles is positively correlated with island size but also with the presence of elevations showing that not only island area but also mountainous relief may be an important factor determining the number of freshwater species in the Greater Antilles. Our findings shed light on mechanisms that may differently drive speciation in aquatic versus terrestrial environments suggesting that ecological opportunity could outweigh the importance of island size in speciation. Investigations into freshwater fishes of the West Indies offer a promising avenue for understanding origins and subsequent diversification of the Caribbean biota.
Occurrence data uncover patterns of allopatric divergence and interspecies interactions in the evolutionary history of Sceloporus lizards
Authors: Rivera Julio A. , Rich Heather N. , Michelle Lawing A. , Rosenberg Michael S. , Martins Emília P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs shown from several long‐term and time‐intensive studies, closely related, sympatric species can impose strong selection on one another, leading to dramatic examples of phenotypic evolution. Here, we use occurrence data to identify clusters of sympatric Sceloporus lizard species and to test whether Sceloporus species tend to coexist with other species that differ in body size, as we would expect when there is competition between sympatric congeners. We found that Sceloporus species can be grouped into 16 unique bioregions. Bioregions that are located at higher latitudes tend to be larger and have fewer species, following Rapoport's rule and the latitudinal diversity gradient. Species richness was positively correlated with the number of biomes and elevation heterogeneity of each bioregion. Additionally, most bioregions show signs of phylogenetic underdispersion, meaning closely related species tend to occur in close geographic proximity. Finally, we found that although Sceloporus species that are similar in body size tend to cluster geographically, small‐bodied Sceloporus species are more often in sympatry with larger‐bodied Sceloporus species than expected by chance alone, whereas large‐bodied species cluster with each other geographically and phylogenetically. These results suggest that community composition in extant Sceloporus species is the result of allopatric evolution, as closely related species move into different biomes, and interspecies interactions, with sympatry between species of different body sizes. Our phyloinformatic approach offers unique and detailed insights into how a clade composed of ecologically and morphologically disparate species are distributed over large geographic space and evolutionary time.
New data on the evolutionary history of the European bison (Bison bonasus) based on subfossil remains from Southeastern Europe
Authors: Neov Boyko , Spassov Nikolai , Hristova Latinka , Hristov Peter , Radoslavov Georgi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe origin and evolutionary history of the European bison Bison bonasus (wisent) have become clearer after several morphological, genomic, and paleogenomic studies in the last few years, but these paleogenomic studies have raised new questions about the evolution of the species. Here, we present additional information about the population diversity of the species based on the analysis of new subfossil Holocene remains from the Balkan Peninsula. Seven ancient samples excavated from caves in Western Stara Planina in Bulgaria were investigated by mitochondrial D‐loop (HVR1) sequence analysis. The samples were dated to 3,800 years BP by radiocarbon analysis. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the genetic relationship among the investigated samples and all mitochondrial DNA sequences from the genus Bison available in GenBank. The results clustered with the sequences from the extinct Holocene South‐Eastern (Balkan) wisent to the fossil Alpine population from France, Austria, and Switzerland, but not with those from the recent Central European (North Sea) one and the now extinct Caucasian population.In conclusion, these data indicate that the Balkan wisent that existed in historical time represented a relict and probably an isolated population of the Late Pleistocene‐Holocene South‐Western mountainous population of the wisent.