bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorates Dimethylnitrosamine Induced Renal Toxicity in Rat
Authors: Rani Varsha , Verma Yeshvandra , Rana Suresh V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is an established carcinogen. It is toxic to several organs viz. liver, kidney, lungs and immune system. Several drugs have been used in the past to modulate its toxicity using experimental models. Present study was designed to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on renal toxicity caused by DMN in laboratory rat. Since oxidative mechanisms form etiological causing its toxicity, the proposed study focuses on amelioration of oxidative stress expressed by ZnONPs, if any. Present results show that administration of ZnONPs (50 mg/kg) to DMN (2μl/100g body weight) treated rats diminuted the concentration of malonaldehyde, H2O2 and NO in the kidney. However, GSH concentration increased after ZnONPs treatment. Results on glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase favored an antioxidative effect of ZnONPs. These results find support from diminished oxidative DNA damage manifested by ZnONPs in DMN treated rats. Histopathological results on kidney also indicate a protective effect of ZnONPs on renal toxicity of DMN. A comparison of results between control and ZnONPs treated rats suggests that ZnONPs might be toxic to renal tissue. Nevertheless, the study suggests that ZnONPs possess strong therapeutic/antioxidative potential against DMN induced renal toxicity.
Correlation of Brain Tumor-related Epilepsy With Clinicopathological Factors in Gliomas
Authors: Li Bo , Jiang Shunli , Zhang Guangning , Zhang Junchen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Glioma patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) have a complex profile due to the simultaneous presence of two pathologies: glioma and epilepsy. However, the underlying pathophysiology of BTRE remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between molecular neuropathology and glioma with BTRE.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 186 glioma patients was evaluated at our hospital, with 64 presenting with BTRE. Chi-square test, spearman rank correlation and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify clinicopathological factors associated with BTRE. Results: Of the 186 patients examined in this study, 64 (34.4 %) had BTRE. By analyzing the characteristics of these patients, the results showed that patient age (over 40 years; p=0.007), low WHO grade (grade I, II; p = 0.001), IDH-1 positive mutation (p=0.027), ATR-X low expression level (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.92) and low Ki-67 proliferation index (OR=0.25; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68) were associated with the occurrence of BTRE. BTRE did not differ by sex, tumor location, expression of olig-2 or CD34. The results of the matching study showed that low Ki-67 proliferation index and negative ATR-X expression level were independent factors for a higher incidence of preoperative seizures in glioma patients. Conclusion: The current study updates existing information on genetic markers in gliomas with BTRE and explores the correlation of a wide range of clinicopathological factors and glioma patients with BTRE. Our study suggests that three putative biomarkers for BTRE: positive IDH1 mutation, low Ki-67 proliferation index and negative ATR-X expression. These factors may provide insights for developing a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of epilepsy and effective treatment strategies aimed at seizure control.
Two-dimensional β-In 2 S 3 Nanosheets-MoS 2 Nanoflowers Heterostructures: A Novel Sunlight-induced Photocatalyst for Pollutant Removal in Water
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Soni R. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Visible light-sensitive photocatalytic systems have readily relied on metal oxide semiconductors' functionalization with plasmonic nanostructures to improve their activity. Here, we report a non-metal, visible light (sunlight) sensitive photocatalytic 2D-layered based nanohybrid system capable of efficient degradation of organic contaminants with huge efficiency. MoS2 nanoflowers decorated β-In2S3 nanosheets heterostructure hybrid has been prepared by using a facile hydrothermal method. 2D-layered-based semiconductor heterostructure (In2S3-MoS2) effectively improves the lifetime of the charge carriers by minimizing their rate of recombination, allowing enough time for surface reactions such as photocatalysis to take place. UV-DRS results reveal a significant improvement in the optical absorbance in the visible region. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy results confirm the appearance of 2H-MoS2 and β-In2S3 in the grown heterostructures. Chemical mapping confirms uniform distribution of Mo, In, and S atoms in the heterostructure, affirming sample uniformity. Modified optical properties of In2S3-MoS2 heterostructure samples reveal efficient charge separation while incrementing the light absorption ability, indicative of its enhanced photocatalytic activity in solar light. The photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of the In2S3-MoS2 heterostructure is compared with pristine In2S3 nanosheets. For 8 minute exposure in sunlight, ca 97.67% degradation for methylene blue dye has been estimated for a sample load of 0.025 mg/ml. The improved photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the In2S3-MoS2 heterostructure is ascribed to its efficient charge separation mechanism.
Use of Corneal hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor in Target Intraocular Pressure Estimation in Patients with Early Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Sallam Moataz , Elghareib Mervat E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To introduce a new method for estimation of the target intraocular pressure (TIOP) in naïve eyes with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using Corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF).Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted on naïve 90 eyes of 45 patients who were newly diagnosed with early primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). They were compared to 72 eyes of 36 normal subjects. The TIOP was determined for each eye. The IOP Goldmann (IOPg), IOP corneal-compensated (IOPcc), CH and CRF were estimated by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert) device. Measurements were taken for each patient prior to treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of receiving medications; either monotherapy or combination therapy.Results: For all patients, there was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between IOP, either IOPg or IOPcc, and CH while a significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) existed between IOP and CRF. For patients with early POAG, The CH was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.001) while CRF was significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.001) when TIOP was achieved. At IOP levels higher than TIOP, CH value was lower than CRF with a significant negative correlation between them in contrast to controls. This correlation was reversed on reaching TIOP and CH values became higher than CRF similar to controls.Conclusion: CH, CRF and IOP measured by ORA can be used for TIOP estimation. This provides us with a guide for assessing the effectiveness of medications introduced to patients with POAG.
Outcome of intracerebral cavernoma treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery based on a double-blind assessment of treatment indication
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Sun Ming-Hsi , Yang Men-Yin , You Weir Chiang , Sheu Meei-Ling , Chen Yen–Ju , Chen Ying-Ju , Sheehan Jason , Pan Hung-Chuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The benefit and risk profile of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for intracerebral cavernoma remains undefined due to the low incidence of bleeding and spontaneous regression of cavernoma. We retrieved cases from a prospectively collected database to assess the outcome of intracerebral cavernoma treated with GKRS using a double blinded review process for treatment.
Methods

From 2003 to 2018, 94 cases of cavernoma were treated by GKRS with margin dose of 11–12 Gy. The treatment indications were doubly blinded assessed by two experienced neurosurgeon and afterward assessed for neurological outcome, radiologic response, and quality of life.
Results

Seven of 16(43.7%) achieved seizure freedom and 9 of 16 (56.3%) achieved decreased seizures. Rebleeding occurred in 2 cases (2.1%) at 13 and 52 months post GKRS. The nidus volume demonstrated the decrease in 20 (21.3%) cases, 69(73.4%) stable and 5 (7.3%) increase. Eight-seven of 94 (92.5%) cases achieve improvement in their quality of life. The effective seizure control was correlated with patients harboring a single lesion (p < 0.05) and deep seated location of the cavernoma (p < 0.01). New neurological deficits were correlated with decreased mental (p < 0.001) and physical (p < 0.05) components of quality of life testing, KPS (p < 0.001), deep seated location (p < 0.01), and increased nidus volume (p < 0.05). Quality of life deterioration either in physical component (p < 0.01), mental component (p < 0.01), and KPS (p < 0.05) was correlated with increased cavernoma volume.
Conclusion

Low margin dose GKRS for intracerebral cavernoma offers reasonable seizure control and improved quality of life with a low risk of treatment complications.
Safety and Efficacy of Vedolizumab in a Patient With Crohn's Disease After Developing An Active Tuberculosis Infection Associated With Infliximab-Biosimilar: A Case Report
Authors: Sugiyama Yuya , Ueno Nobuhiro , Tachibana Shion , Kobayashi Yu , Murakami Yuki , Sasaki Takahiro , Kunogi Takehito , Takahashi Keitaro , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Okumura Toshikatsu , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Screening of latent tuberculosis (TB) before the induction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is very important to prevent the reactivation of TB. However, active TB can still occur, and the ideal therapeutic strategy for IBD patients who develop active TB has not been established. Case presentation: A 21-year-old Vietnamese man with active ileo-colonic Crohn’s disease visited our hospital. While computed tomography (CT) revealed a nodular lesion at the right lung, a serological interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and several culture tests were all negative. The intravenous administration of infliximab-biosimilar (IFX-BS) with an immunomodulator were initiated. After the induction therapy, he achieved clinical remission. However, he presented with a high fever 17 weeks after the initiation. CT revealed the expansion of the nodular lesion at the right lung, and serological IGRA was positive. He was diagnosed with reactivation of latent TB. He had not achieved mucosal healing when immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued. Thus, he was administered vedolizumab (VDZ), which was considered not to influence the TB status, as maintenance therapy. Consequently, he achieved mucosal healing without relapse of active TB.Conclusions: This is the first report to describe the safe usage of VDZ as maintenance therapy without the induction of TB relapse in a CD patient. In Asian countries, clinicians must be alert for the reactivation of latent TB during the administration of anti-TNF agents. VDZ might be a safe option for maintenance therapy in CD patients, even in cases with active TB.
Anti-mycobacterial Constituents from Medicinal Plants; A Review
Authors: Sarkar Nandan , Dey Yadu Nandan , Kumar Dharmendra , Rajagopal Mogana 
Published: May 2021

:
Effective treatment of tuberculosis has been hampered by the emergence of drug-resistant
strains of Mycobacterium therapeutic facilities tuberculosis. With the global resurgence of tuberculosis
with the development of multidrug-resistant cases, there is a call for the development of new drugs
to combat these diseases. Throughout history, natural products have afforded a rich source of compounds
that have found many applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacy and biology, and continued
to play a significant role in the drug discovery and development process. This review article
depicts the various potential plant extracts as well as plant derived phytoconstituents against the
H37rv, the most persistent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its multidrug strains.
Selenium as a Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis: More than Allylic Oxidation
Authors: Thurow Samuel , Abenante Laura , Anghinoni João Marcos , Lenardão Eder João 
Published: May 2021

:
For many years since its discovery, Selenium has played the role of a bad boy who became a hero in organic transformations. Selenium dioxide, for instance, is one of the most remembered reagents in allylic oxida-tions, having been applied in the synthesis of several naturally occurring products. The main goal of this review is to show the recent advances in the use of classical and new selenium reagents in organic synthesis. As demon-strated through the around 60 references discussed here, selenium can go even forward as a versatile reagent. We bring a collection of selenium reagents and their transformations that still asleep in the eyes of most synthetic or-ganic chemists.
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Pediatric Perspectives
Authors: Hon Kam Lun , Chu Samantha , Leung Alexander K.C. 
Published: May 2021

:
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare congenital genetic conditions that result in
painful blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, which occur with minor trauma or friction.
There are many types and subtypes of EB that need to be distinguished, as the management and
prognosis of each can vary significantly. We aim to perform an up-to-date literature review on congenital
EB for healthcare providers in pediatrics.
We performed a review of existing literature in the English language on EB via PubMed Clinical
Queries, using key words such as “epidermolysis bullosa”, “congenital” and “children”. We reviewed
EB based on the following subheadings: epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, and
clinical prediction guidelines.
EB is due to mutation in a number of genes, some types are autosomal dominant while others are
autosomal recessive. The underlying mechanism is a defect in attachment between or within the
epidermis and dermis of the skin. There are four main types: epidermolysis bullosa simplex, dystrophic
epidermolysis bullosa, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and Kindler syndrome. The diagnosis
is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by skin biopsy and definitive genetic testing.
The severity of EB can range from mild to fatal. Severe complications may arise in some EB types
and subtypes within the eye, ear, nose, upper airway, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.
There is no cure for the condition to date. Optimal management must be multidisciplinary, and involves
wound care, pain control, controlling infections, nutritional support, and prevention and
treatment of complications.
EB presents in different forms. Treatment is supportive. The prognosis of milder forms is good.
Children severely affected with EB and their families live a misery life with impaired quality of
life. Health care workers must be aware of the suffering in these families and proactively support
them.
Performance of Silicon Oil-Based Magneto-rheological Fluids Used for
MR Dampers: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Bakr Mohamed , Eldomuaty Ali , Mansour Tamer , Hammad Hossam , Dawood Mohamed M. , Nabil Tamer 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
The aim of this work was the preparation of the model Magneto-Rheological (MR)
fluids to be used under the effect of an applied magnetic field operated under very low power requirement
for the purpose of vibration reduction in automotive damper.

Background:
Magneto-rheological fluids are non-Newtonian fluids, which consist of magnetic particles
scattered in a base liquid – a matter that can change its characteristics when applying the magnetic
field. From the previous researches, magneto-rheological fluids have different properties according
to the preparation accuracy, ingredients, particle size and shape, type of carrier fluids, and
stabilizer. Also, the response of magneto-rheological fluids to the magnetic flux varied.

Methods:
A specimen of MR fluid is prepared using four different dynamic viscosities base fluids.
Silicone oil JETTA (50 mpa.s, 100 mpa.s, 150 mpa.s, and 200 mpa.s) is mixed with high purity
spherical shape particles of Carbonyl Iron (CI). ABRO liquid white lithium grease is added to the
specimen, and its effect is determined.

Results:
The presence of additives has no effect on the magnetic behavior, but it increases the dynamic
viscosity, especially in the presence of the external magnetic field, which is considered as a
stabilizing factor.

Conclusion:
Adding the white lithium grease as a stabilizer delays the sedimentation of the prepared
sample by 1023%. The lowest sample in sedimentation rate has the highest viscosity, which satisfies
2.7% in 24 hours, but it shows a negative effect on the magneto-rheological properties, which leads
to unstable viscosity readings due to MR fluid agglutination. Working temperature is a critical parameter
that can affect the behavior of MR fluid; the viscosity of MR fluid under the effect of the
magnetic field is inversely proportional to the working temperature.

:
Sample DELTA is the most promising for the application in automotive dampers, which is used to
decrease vehicle vibration.
Technology and Application of Hairy Root Culture in Monocotyledons
Authors: Hao Chang-Qi , Wang Shuai-Run , Wang Yi , Hou Xin-Yi , Jiang Ya-Xuan , Jiang Bo-Wen , Zhang Xiu-Li , Hua Xin , Xue Zhe-Yong 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hairy root culture has been widely used in the production of metabolites in
dicotyledons, and a large number of food crops and medicinal plants in monocotyledons need to be
developed. However, there are many difficulties in the induction of hairy roots in monocotyledons.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the inducing methods, influencing factors, and application
of hairy roots in monocotyledons, and to promote the development of hairy root system in monocotyledons.

Methods:
The mechanism of action of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the current situation of hairy
root induction, induction methods and influencing factors of monocotyledons were summarized to
provide convenience for efficient acquisition of hairy root of monocotyledons.

Results:
Monocotyledons are not easy to produce phenols. Cells are prone to lignification, adverse
differentiation and selective response to Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. It is proposed that before
induction, plant varieties and explants should be selected, and different infection strains should be
screened. In the process of hairy root induction, exogenous inducers such as acetosyringone can be
added. Although these factors can provide some help for the induction of hairy roots in monocotyledons,
we still need to pay attention to the disadvantages of monocotyledons from dicotyledons at the
cellular level.

Conclusion:
A large number of food crops and medicinal plants are monocotyledons. Hairy root
culture can be used to help the breeding and production of medicinal substances. Therefore, it is
necessary to pay attention to the selection of varieties and explants, the selection of Agrobacterium
rhizogenes and the addition of acetosyringone in the process of hairy root induction to improve the
production efficiency and facilitate the development and utilization of monocotyledons.
Study on Fixed-Point Growth of Thermal Bubble with Micro-Planar
Induction Heater
Authors: Liu Bendong , Wang Long , Zhang Nailong , Liu Haibin , Li Desheng , Yang Jiahui 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The thermal bubble-driven micro actuators have advantages of simple
structure and low working voltage, which have broad prospects in the field of micro-fluidic systems.

Methods:
This paper presents a new type of micro-planar induction heater which can realize the
fixed-point growth of thermal bubbles by adding some active cavities. The micro-planar induction
heater is composed of a metal heating plate, a glass substrate, and a planar coil.

Results:
In the experiments, an alternating current of 80 kHz was applied to the micro-planar induction
heater; both the heating time and the interruption time were 1 s controlled by a PLC. A
CCD camera was used to record the generation process of thermal bubbles, including nucleation,
growth, and shrinkage. The experimental results show that thermal bubbles can grow and contract
periodically at the position of the cavities when the cavities diameter is 50 μm and 90 μm,
respectively. The ideal thickness of the heating plate is between 6 μm and 13 μm.

Conclusion::
Here, the fixed-point growth of the thermal bubble with a micro-planar induction
heater has been studied. This kind of fixed-point growth of thermal bubbles can be used in micro
actuators, such as micro ejectors, micro mixers, and micro pumps.
Experimental Research on the Performance of High-Temperature Bearing Steel Cr4Mo4 V
Authors: Chu Zenan , He Qiang 
Published: May 2021

Background::
Cr4Mo4 V steel is widely used in high-temperature bearings because of its excellent
high-temperature performance. Based on the research status of Cr4Mo4 V nationally and internationally,
this paper explores its mechanical properties and friction properties at high temperatures.

Objective::
To characterize the composition, microstructure, and properties of Cr4Mo4 V steel and explore
its tensile properties, hardness, and friction properties at high temperatures.

Methods:
Many methods are adopted, including chemical element analysis, metallographic analysis,
hardness test, tensile test, damping test, and friction test.

Results:
Cr4Mo4 V has a tempered martensite microstructure. The hardness and maximum tensile
strength of Cr4Mo4 V decrease with increasing temperature. The grain of the Cr4Mo4 V steel after heating
becomes refined, and the grain boundary increases. At room temperature, the surface friction coefficient
and wear rate of Cr4Mo4 V steel decrease. Moreover, a Cr4Mo4 V steel-ceramic ball shows the best
friction resistance. At high temperatures, the friction coefficient and wear of Cr4Mo4 V steel first decrease
with increasing temperature and then increase sharply at 200°C.

Conclusion:
With an increase in temperature, the hardness, breaking force, and tensile strength of
Cr4Mo4 V bearing steel decrease, whereas the friction property increases. By analyzing the threedimensional
morphology of different wear samples, the optimal working temperature of Cr4Mo4 V steel
bearing is determined as 200°C.