bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping resource effectiveness across urban systems
Authors: Tan Ling Min , Arbabi Hadi , Densley Tingley Danielle , Brockway Paul E. , Mayfield Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCities and their growing resource demands threaten global resource security. This study identifies the hotspots of imports in cities to redirect resources to where they are most needed, based on the system overall resource effectiveness to maximise the use of all resources available. This paper develops a taxonomy of resource-use behaviour based on the clustering patterns of resource utilisation and conversion across interconnected urban systems. We find high tendencies of consumer-like behaviour in a multi-city system because tertiary sectors are concentrated in urban areas while the producing sectors are located outside and hence, results in high utilisation but low output. The clustering taxonomy emphasises that the absence of producers in the system causes cities to rely on the imported resources for growth. Cities can be resource-effective by having a more diversified industrial structure to extend the pathways of resource flows, closing the circularity gap between the suppliers and consumers.
Urbanization: an increasing source of multiple pollutants to rivers in the 21st century
Authors: Strokal Maryna , Bai Zhaohai , Franssen Wietse , Hofstra Nynke , Koelmans Albert A. , Ludwig Fulco , Ma Lin , van Puijenbroek Peter , Spanier J. Emiel , Vermeulen Lucie C. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , van Wijnen Jikke , Kroeze Carolien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost of the global population will live in urban areas in the 21st century. We study impacts of urbanization on future river pollution taking a multi-pollutant approach. We quantify combined point-source inputs of nutrients, microplastics, a chemical (triclosan) and a pathogen (Cryptosporidium) to 10,226 rivers in 2010, 2050 and 2100, and show how pollutants are related. Our scenarios consider socio-economic developments and varying rates of urbanization and wastewater treatment. Today, river pollution in Europe, South-East Asia and North America is severe. In the future, around 80% of the global population is projected to live in sub-basins with multi-pollutant problems in our high urbanization scenarios. In Africa, future river pollution is projected to be 11–18 times higher than in 2010, making it difficult to meet Sustainable Development Goals. Avoiding future pollution is technically possible with advanced wastewater treatment in many regions. In Africa, however, clean water availability is projected to remain challenging. Our multi-pollutant approach could support effective water pollution assessment in urban areas.
Freestanding porous carbon membrane deriving from the alginic acid/poly(ionic liquid) complex and its high-performance HER electrocatalysis
Authors: Dai Zhifeng , He Mengting , Yu Junrui , Song Honghong , Xiong Yubing 
Published: April 2021

Freestanding nitrogen/sulfur co-doped porous carbon (NSPC) membranes were fabricated facilely by carbonizing poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and alginic acid complexes, which can be used directly as the electrodes for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and supercapacitors.
Das Chimera-fabricata-Lappen-Konzept in der Replantationschirurgie von Fingern – eine Einführung
Authors: Fritsche Elmar , Giesen Thomas , Hug Urs 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn erfolgreicher mikrochirurgischer Fingerreplantationen Anfang der 60er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts zeigt sich eine Evolution in den Techniken zur Wiederherstellung der Durchblutung der amputierten Finger. Initial wurden bei den ersten Fingerreplantationen End-zu-End-Anastomosen der Arterien und Venen durchgeführt. Später wurden bei schwierigen Avulsionsverletzungen Gefäßinterponate – in erster Linie Veneninterponate –mit Erfolg eingesetzt. Diese Gefäßinterponate wurden bei gleichzeitigen Weichteilverlusten durch Lappenplastiken im Sinne von Durchflusslappen erweitert. Eine Weiterentwicklung der Techniken stellt die Replantation von amputierten Fingern mit Hilfe von fabrizierten chimären Lappenplastiken dar. Dabei wird der amputierte Finger noch vor der eigentlichen Replantation in Tabula, auf dem Operationstisch, mit den Gefäßen einer Lappenplastik mikrochirurgisch anastomosiert und erst dann diese Chimera fabricata als Konstrukt replantiert. Die bisher letzte Entwicklung ist die heterotope Replantation mit sekundärer Replantation als fabrizierte chimäre Lappenplastik. Wir beschreiben im Sinne einer Einführung 3 Fälle, bei welchen wir dieses Konzept der fabrizierten chimären Lappenplastik bei orthotopen Replantationen erfolgreich angewendet haben.
Veränderungen in der psychiatrischen Unterbringungspraxis während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Gather Jakov , Efkemann Simone Agnes , Henking Tanja , Scholten Matthé , Köhne Martin , Chrysanthou Christos , Hoffmann Knut , Juckel Georg 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erfassung von Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen leitender PsychiaterInnen zu Veränderungen in der psychiatrischen Unterbringungspraxis während der COVID-19-Pandemie.
Methodik Onlineumfrage unter den Mitgliedern des Landesverbands leitender ÄrztInnen für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie in Nordrhein-Westfalen (LLPP) sowie Analyse von LLPP-Vorstandsprotokollen.
Ergebnisse Sowohl in Situationen mit als auch ohne unmittelbaren COVID-19-Bezug wurden Veränderungen in der psychiatrischen Unterbringungspraxis wahrgenommen, u. a. bei richterlichen Anhörungen sowie Entscheidungen über Zwangsmaßnahmen.
Schlussfolgerung Die prozeduralen Standards in Unterbringungsverfahren müssen aufrechterhalten werden. Zwangsmaßnahmen dürfen nur angewendet werden, wenn sie die geltenden ethischen und rechtlichen Voraussetzungen erfüllen. Bei Einführung und Rücknahme von restriktiven Maßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung muss eine unberechtigte Ungleichbehandlung von Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung vermieden werden.
Adrenal Hormone Interactions and Metabolism: A Single Sample
Multi-Omics Approach
Authors: Bechmann Nicole , Watts Deepika , Steenblock Charlotte , Wallace Paal William , Schürmann Annette , Bornstein Stefan R. , Wielockx Ben , Eisenhofer Graeme , Peitzsch Mirko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe adrenal gland is important for many physiological and pathophysiological
processes, but studies are often restricted by limited availability of sample
material. Improved methods for sample preparation are needed to facilitate
analyses of multiple classes of adrenal metabolites and macromolecules in a
single sample. A procedure was developed for preparation of chromaffin cells,
mouse adrenals, and human chromaffin tumors that allows for multi-omics analyses
of different metabolites and preservation of native proteins. To evaluate the
new procedure, aliquots of samples were also prepared using conventional
procedures. Metabolites were analyzed by liquid-chromatography with mass
spectrometry or electrochemical detection. Metabolite contents of chromaffin
cells and tissues analyzed with the new procedure were similar or even higher
than with conventional methods. Catecholamine contents were comparable between
both procedures. The TCA cycle metabolites, cis-aconitate, isocitate, and
α-ketoglutarate were detected at higher concentrations in cells, while
in tumor tissue only isocitrate and potentially fumarate were measured at higher
contents. In contrast, in a broad untargeted metabolomics approach, a
methanol-based preparation procedure of adrenals led to a 1.3-fold higher number
of detected metabolites. The established procedure also allows for simultaneous
investigation of adrenal hormones and related enzyme activities as well as
proteins within a single sample. This novel multi-omics approach not only
minimizes the amount of sample required and overcomes problems associated with
tissue heterogeneity, but also provides a more complete picture of adrenal
function and intra-adrenal interactions than previously possible.
Outcomes of Patients with Macroprolactinoma Desiring Pregnancy: Follow-Up to 23 Years from a Single Center
Authors: Tanrikulu Seher , Yarman Sema 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacroprolactinomas are rarely seen in women, and pregnancy is a risk factor for tumor growth. More studies are needed to determine appropriate management for macroprolactinoma and pregnancy. The aim of our study is to evaluate effects of treatment with dopamine agonists on macroadenoma before and during pregnancy, safety of dopamine agonists on fetus, post-pregnancy prognosis and long-term results. This is a single center retrospective study. Thirty-four pregnancies occurred in 21 patients under medical therapy. Prolactin levels, treatment results, tumor diameter changes, maternal-fetal outcomes, and disease activity were evaluated. The median tumor size at the time of diagnosis was 15 mm (10–28). Residual adenoma diameter was smaller in those receiving medical therapy longer than one year till the conception (p=0.047). Treatment was discontinued in 28 pregnancies after pregnancy confirmation, and 6 patients were exposed to bromocriptine throughout pregnancy. There was no symptomatic tumor growth during gestation. Among 27 live births, none of the fetuses developed neonatal malformation except for a case of Down syndrome. While early remission rate after pregnancy was 9.5%, this rate reached 33.3% at last follow-up visit. Lowered PRL levels at postpartum period (p=0.040), smaller tumor size at last follow-up visit (p=0.030), and total disappearance of tumor (p=0.026) were the contributor factors for remission. Use of dopamine agonist over one year may reduce the risk of symptomatic tumor growth during pregnancy in patients without invasive or large macroprolactinoma before pregnancy. Exposure to dopamine agonists seems generally safe for the fetus.
Die Behandlung von Schilddrüsenmalignomen aus HNO-ärztlicher Sicht
Authors: Issing Peter Rolf , Köhler Torsten , Tebben Hendrik , Wenger Martin , Issing Christian 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Zahl der Schilddrüsenmalignome zeigt eine deutliche Zunahme. Da die Schilddrüse an der HNO-Klinik Bad Hersfeld im Fokus steht, war dies für uns Anlass, unsere Behandlungsresultate zu untersuchen und Erfahrungen darzustellen.
Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine Untersuchung beginnend im Jahre 2014 bis zum Juli 2020. Es wurden alle Patienten mit Schilddrüsenmalignomen erfasst und wichtige demografische und medizinische Parameter wie Alter, Geschlecht, Histologie, Calcium, OP-Dauer, Rekurrensparese etc. registriert.
Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 63 Patienten mit malignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen eingeschlossen. Davon waren 42 weiblichen und 21 männlichen Geschlechts. Die Altersspanne reichte von 11 bis zu 95 Jahren. Patienten mit differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen waren im Schnitt jünger als diejenigen mit anaplastischen Malignomen. Histologisch dominierten die papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinome mit 65 % (n = 41) gegenüber anderen Varianten wie dem follikulären (n = 6), medullären (n = 5) und entdifferenzierten Karzinom (n = 6). Alle Patienten wurden einer operativen Behandlung unterzogen; postoperativ erhielten die Betroffenen mit fortgeschrittenen, differenzierten Karzinomen eine Radiojodtherapie. Von den Patienten mit einem entdifferenzierten Karzinom sind alle ihrem Leiden erlegen, während nach unserer Kenntnis nur eine Betroffene mit einem differenzierten Malignom tumorbedingt verstorben ist.
Schlussfolgerung In die Behandlung von malignen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen ist der HNO-Arzt eingebunden. Wie bei den benignen Erkrankungen der endokrinen Halsorgane ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit entscheidend.
Preliminary Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life after Tongue Reconstruction with the Vastus Lateralis Myofascial Free Flap
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Costantino Andrea , Pellini Raul , Petruzzi Gerardo , Mercante Giuseppe , Zocchi Jacopo , Mondello Tiziana , Conti Valerio , Spriano Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to report our preliminary experience with the vastus lateralis myofascial free flap (VLMFF) for tongue reconstruction according to tongue and donor site functional outcomes. Twelve consecutive patients (F: 5; median age: 54.0 years, interquartile range or IQR 42.75–69.0) were included. The validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer of the Head and Neck 35 Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and the performance status scale for head and neck cancer (PSS-HN) questionnaires were used to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was used to self-report the donor area function. All patients were successfully treated, and no VLMFF failure was detected during a median follow-up period of 10.5 months (IQR: 6.5–33.0). The HRQOL showed a median EORTC QLQ-H&N35 score of 56.0 (IQR: 50.0–72.5). The median PSS-HN score was 80.0 (IQR: 45.0–95.0), 75.0 (IQR: 62.5–100.0), 75.0 (IQR: 62.5–100.0) for “Normalcy of Diet,” “Public Eating,” and “Understandability of Speech,” respectively. The self-reported function of the lower extremities (donor area) showed a median LEFS of 59.0 (IQR: 32.5–74.0). This study reports optimistic data regarding the functional and quality of life outcomes after tongue reconstruction using VLMFF. Prospective controlled studies are needed to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages when compared with other reconstructive techniques.
Does Daily Self-Weighing Contribute to Postpartum Weight Loss? A Secondary Analysis of Daily Postpartum Weights among Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Lohr Ali N. , Hoppe Kara K. , Mei Chaoqun C. , Antony Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2021

Objective This study was aimed to examine the impact of daily self-weighing via remote monitoring on postpartum weight loss.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a nonrandomized controlled trial comprised of postpartum women with diagnosed hypertensive-related disorders in pregnancy who received a tablet device linked to Bluetooth-enabled equipment including a scale and blood pressure cuff. In addition to blood pressure monitoring, participants were instructed to perform daily self-weighing. The primary outcome of this study was to determine whether postpartum women who performed daily self-weighing lost more weight than those who did not, with a 42-day endpoint based on a 6-week postpartum visit weight.
Results Overall, 214 women participated in this program and 214 received usual care. Median weight loss for women participating in the remote blood pressure monitoring system was 23.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 17–30) pounds versus 23.0 (IQR: 17–29) pounds among controls. Weight loss did not vary by prepregnancy obesity (median: 20 pounds [IQR: 17–28 pounds] for nonobese and 23 [IQR: 17–30] pounds for women with obesity, p = 0.16). Women who weighed themselves more than half of follow-up days lost a median of 24 pounds (IQR: 17–30 pounds) compared with 20.5 pounds (IQR: 14–29 pounds), p = 0.06. Women who weighed themselves more than half of follow-up days lost a mean of 11.4% (standard deviation [SD] = 0.41%) of body weight compared with 9.1% (SD = 0.74%; p = 0.01). The amount of weight loss in the telehealth group was correlated with the number of daily weights performed (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.164, p = 0.025). Postpartum weight loss for daily self-weighing participants was most notable in the first 2 weeks with ongoing weight loss up to the 42-day (6-week) endpoint of this secondary analysis.
Conclusion Daily self-weighing alone may be insufficient to promote postpartum weight loss. However, there was a slight trend toward more weight loss with more frequent weighing.
Key Points
From “learning from the field” to jointly driving change
Authors: Galjour Joshua , Schwarz Thomas , Rusike Itai , Lomazzi Marta , Hoemeke Laura , Prytherch Helen , Rwafa-Ponela Teurai , Nanyonga Margaret , Ram Ravi M. , Neupane Sunisha , Tsasis Peter , Rumaney Maryam Bibi , Akinmurele Timothy , Ssemakula Michael , Nanda Rituu B. , Mpinga Emmanuel Kabengele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe theme of the 8th edition of the Geneva Health Forum (GHF) was Improving access to health: learning from the field. While ‘the field’ often denotes people, patients, communities, and healthcare workers, we challenge the notion and its usage. A group of like-minded conference participants set up a working group to examine the term ‘the field’ and look at questions related to language, power, participation, and rights. By highlighting deficiencies of existing terms and jargon, we explain why language is a form of power that matters in public health. We describe global, regional, and national case studies that facilitate full participation to achieve more equitable health outcomes. By concluding with concrete recommendations, we hope to contribute to these shared goals: to correct power imbalances between health authorities and the people that they intend, and are expected, to serve. The authors are all members of the working group.
Implementation of synthetic fast-ion loss detector and imaging heavy ion beam probe diagnostics in the 3D hybrid kinetic-MHD code MEGA
Authors: Oyola P. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Birkenmeier G. , Viezzer E. , Dominguez-Palacios J. , Rueda-Rueda J. , Rivero-Rodriguez J. F. , Todo Y. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: April 2021

A synthetic fast-ion loss (FIL) detector and an imaging Heavy Ion Beam Probe (i-HIBP) have been implemented in the 3D hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic code MEGA. First synthetic measurements from these two diagnostics have been obtained for neutral beam injection-driven Alfvén Eigenmode (AE) simulated with MEGA. The synthetic FILs show a strong correlation with the AE amplitude. This correlation is observed in the phase-space, represented in coordinates (Pϕ, E), being toroidal canonical momentum and energy, respectively. FILs and the energy exchange diagrams of the confined population are connected with lines of constant E′, a linear combination of E and Pϕ. First i-HIBP synthetic signals also have been computed for the simulated AE, showing displacements in the strike line of the order of ∼1 mm, above the expected resolution in the i-HIBP scintillator of ∼100 μm.
Use of complex fully connected neural networks to compensate for nonlinear effects in fibre-optic communication lines
Authors: Bogdanov S.A. , Sidelnikov O.S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A scheme is proposed for processing optical signals in a receiver of a communication system, based on complex fully connected neural networks. The influence of the main characteristics of the neural network on the efficiency of nonlinear distortion compensation is studied. A significant advantage of the proposed scheme over real-valued neural networks is demonstrated.
Analysis of the applicability of the classical probabilistic parameters of the Monte Carlo algorithm for problems of light transport in turbid biological media with continuous absorption and discrete scattering
Authors: Tarasov A.P. , Persheyev S. , Rogatkin D.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Simulation of light propagation by the statistical Monte Carlo (MC) method is widely used in many fields, especially in astrophysics, atmospheric optics, ocean optics, and nuclear medicine. In the optics of biological tissues, the MC method is used to simulate the luminous flux, which is formed during various medical therapeutic or diagnostic procedures inside a biological tissue and on its surface. In such calculations, the MC method is commonly considered as a reference one, which ensures an arbitrarily high accuracy with an increase in the number of ‘photons’. However, it can be shown that this is not always the case. In this paper, in the methodological aspect, the idealised one-dimensional problems of the transport theory for a turbid medium with continuous absorption and scattering and a turbid medium with discrete scatterers inside a continuously absorbing medium are considered. Their exact analytical solutions are presented and compared with the results of statistical modelling by the MC method. It is found that the use of classical probabilistic parameters for a medium with continuous absorption and scattering in the MC algorithm leads to a systematic method error in determining the values of radiation fluxes for biological media with discrete scattering, up to 10% for fluxes at the boundary in some cases. The causes of the error are discussed and it is shown how to modify the probabilistic parameters of the MC algorithm to eliminate it.
High-frequency pulse train generation in dispersion-decreasing fibre: using experimental data for the metrology of longitudinally nonuniform fibre
Authors: Panyaev I.S. , Stoliarov D.A. , Sysolyatin A.A. , Zolotovskii I.O. , Korobko D.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper describes experiments concerned with pulse train generation from initially modulated cw light in an anomalous dispersion decreasing fibre. We have obtained stable contrast trains of subpicosecond pulses with a repetition rate in the range 100 – 300 GHz and demonstrated generation of an optical comb spectrum with a –20-dB width of up to 80 nm. A method has been proposed for reconstructing an unknown dispersion profile of a longitudinally nonuniform fibre by comparing experimental data and numerical simulation results.
High-throughput functional variant screens via in vivo production of single-stranded DNA
Authors: Schubert Max G. , Goodman Daniel B. , Wannier Timothy M. , Kaur Divjot , Farzadfard Fahim , Lu Timothy K. , Shipman Seth L. , Church George M. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceWe report a methodology for the pooled construction of mutants bearing precise genomic sequence variations and multiplex phenotypic characterization of these mutants using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Unlike existing techniques depending on CRISPR-Cas–directed genomic breaks for genome editing, this strategy instead uses single-stranded DNA produced by a retron element for recombineering. This enables libraries of millions of elements to be constructed and offers relaxed design constraints which permit natural DNA or random variation to be used as inputs.
Blood–brain barrier opening by intracarotid artery hyperosmolar mannitol induces sterile inflammatory and innate immune responses
Authors: Burks Scott R. , Kersch Cymon N. , Witko Jaclyn A. , Pagel Michael A. , Sundby Maggie , Muldoon Leslie L. , Neuwelt Edward A. , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is achieved clinically through intracarotid artery hyperosmotic mannitol (ICAHM) infusions. However, ICAHM is often viewed as a simple drug delivery mechanism, and biological implications have been largely overlooked. This study demonstrates that BBB disruption by ICAHM generates a transient sterile neuroinflammatory response marked by increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and trophic factors leading activation of astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. Additionally, unilateral ICAHM generates plasma increases in inflammatory molecules with evidence of sterile inflammation on the untreated contralateral hemisphere. These biological responses to ICAHM suggest its potential for immune modulation in several CNS pathologies.