bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of progressive pulmonary fibrosis: consensus findings from a modified Delphi study
Authors: Wells Athol U. , Walsh Simon L. F. , Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Cottin Vincent , Danoff Sonye K. , Devaraj Anand , Flaherty Kevin R. , George Peter M. , Johannson Kerri A. , Kolb Martin , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Nicholson Andrew G. , Tomassetti Sara , Volkmann Elizabeth R. , Brown Kevin K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
We sought consensus among practising respiratory physicians on the prediction, identification and monitoring of progression in patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) using a modified Delphi process.

Methods
Following a literature review, statements on the prediction, identification and monitoring of progression of ILD were developed by a panel of physicians with specialist expertise. Practising respiratory physicians were sent a survey asking them to indicate their level of agreement with these statements on a binary scale or 7-point Likert scale (− 3 to 3), or to select answers from a list. Consensus was considered to be achieved if ≥ 70% of respondents selected the same answer, or, for responses on a Likert scale, the median score was ≤ –2 (disagree/not important) or ≥ 2 (agree/important) with an interquartile range ≤ 1. There were three rounds of the survey.

Results
Surveys 1, 2 and 3 were completed by 207, 131 and 94 physicians, respectively, between March 2022 and July 2023. Decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), decline in diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and increased fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were ranked as the most important endpoints for determining progression. Consensus was reached that progression on HRCT or a decline in FVC ≥ 10% from baseline is sufficient to determine progression, and that small declines in multiple endpoints indicates progression. Consensus was reached that a histological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a risk factor for progression of ILD, but that a biopsy to look for a UIP pattern should not be performed solely for prognostic reasons. Consensus was not reached on the time period over which progression should be defined. There was consensus that appropriate management of ILD depends on the type of ILD, and that ‘despite adequate management’ or ‘despite usual management’ should be included in the definition of progression.

Conclusions
This modified Delphi process provided consensus statements on the identification of ILD progression that were supported by a broad group of clinicians and may help to inform clinical practice until robust evidence-based guidelines are available.
Associations between health, productive performance and oral fluid biomarkers in commercial pig farms
Authors: Ornelas Mario Andre S. , Manzanilla Edgar Garcia , Cerón José J. , Ortín-Bustillo Alba , López-Martínez María José , Correia-Gomes Carla , Leonard Finola C. , Franco-Martínez Lorena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral fluid contains analytes that may be reflective of health and welfare in pig herds. Additionally, oral fluid collection is a more convenient and cost-effective option when compared to blood sampling, increasing the potential of oral fluid as a non-invasive alternative tool. While a growing number of biomarkers can be measured in porcine oral fluid, the use of these analytes to compare commercial herds in veterinary practice is still limited. This study describes associations between oral fluid biomarker measurements and farm indicators of health and performance in 18 commercial farms.

Results
Using principal component analysis, three clusters of farms were identified, differing mostly in weaner and finisher mortality, daily gain and antimicrobial resistance. These groups were then compared in terms of oral fluid biomarker profiles. With regards to farm group (cluster), haptoglobin was higher in pigs from low-performing farms, especially when compared with pigs from high-performing farms (P = 0.01). Oxytocin tended to decrease in pigs from high-performing farms to low-performing farms (P < 0.10), while procalcitonin tended to be lower in pigs from high-performing farms compared to intermediate-performing farms (P = 0.07). Using regression trees, haptoglobin measured in late finishers was associated with weaner and finisher mortality. Further, high creatine kinase and low procalcitonin early after weaning were associated with low piglet mortality, whereas low daily gain was related to high alpha-amylase in late weaners and high creatine kinase in pigs at the start of the finisher stage.

Conclusions
Haptoglobin, procalcitonin, oxytocin, creatine kinase and alpha-amylase, measured in oral fluid, should be further studied as good candidates to assess pig herds and predict performance at a batch level, through a non-invasive approach. Herd performance and health figures at a particular time point are not always available and alternative measures, like oral fluid biomarker results, could be useful to anticipate health and welfare issues and adjust management.
Health outcome priorities of people with multiple long-term conditions using the outcome prioritisation tool in the UK: A survey study and feasibility assessment
Authors: Sathanapally Harini , Chudasama Yogini V. , Zaccardi Francesco , Rizzi Alessandro , Seidu Samuel , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: December 2024

Background
The outcome prioritisation tool (OPT) is a simple tool to ascertain the health outcome priorities of people with MLTC. Use of this tool in people aged under 65 years with MLTC has not previously been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using the OPT in people with MLTC aged 45 years or above, in a multi-ethnic primary-care setting and describe the health outcome priorities of people with MLTC by age, clusters of long-term conditions and demographic factors, and to investigate any differences in prioritisation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This was a multi-centre cross-sectional study using a questionnaire for online self-completion by people aged 45 years or above with MLTC in 19 primary care settings across the East Midlands, UK. Participants were asked to complete the OPT twice, first from their current perspective and second from their recollection of their priorities prior to COVID-19.

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 2,454 people with MLTC. The majority of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the OPT was easy to complete, relevant to their healthcare and will be useful in communicating priorities to their doctor. Summary scores for the whole cohort of participants showed Keeping Alive and Maintaining Independence receiving the highest scores. Statistically significant differences in prioritisation by age, clusters of long-term conditions and employment status were observed, with respondents aged over 65 most likely to prioritise Maintaining independence, and respondents aged under 65 most likely to prioritise Keeping alive. There were no differences before or after COVID-19, or by ethnicity.

Conclusions
The OPT is feasible and acceptable for use to elicit the health outcome priorities of people with MLTC across both middle-aged and older age groups and in a UK setting. Individual factors could influence the priorities of people with MLTC and must be considered by clinicians during consultations.
Proximate analysis and vitamin B contents of fresh-made, canned chickpea and broad bean dips commercially produced in Jordan
Authors: Abu Jadayil Seham M. , Alsaed Ali K. , Mahmoud Iman F. , Ahmad Leena M. , Afaneh Fatena , Khalaf Hanaa , Soudi Mohammed Z. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Chickpea and broad bean dips are among the most popular legume-based dishes in the Middle Eastern countries. They are either made freshly by restaurants or sold in cans. Various manufacturing processes may enhance or reduce the chemical compositions of any food products, including these dips, which in turn can affect their nutritional values and health benefits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional values of the chickpea and broad bean dips and examine the possible differences between those made freshly and those sold as canned products.

Methods
Fresh-made and canned chickpea and broad bean dips were obtained from various restaurants and factories in Jordan and were analyzed for their proximate analysis, titratable acidity, and pH value. Furthermore, vitamins B were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results
Significant differences were detected between fresh-made and canned chickpea dips, with the former containing higher quantities of fiber (10.96g ± 0.32) while the latter containing higher quantities of proteins (8.06g ± 0.29), fats (8.05g ± 1.08), and the vitamins B1 (0.46 ± 0.02) and B5 (0.87 ± 0.02). On the other hand, a significant difference was detected between fresh-made and canned broad bean dips, while the latter contained higher quantities of carbohydrates (20.94g ± 0.78) and tested B-vitamins (except for B6). These detected differences may be due to different variances of chickpeas and broad beans used, preparation methods, and/or the addition of other ingredients.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that both chickpea and broad bean dips prepared/sold in Jordan were of high nutrition values in terms of proximate analysis, and vitamins B, with higher quantities observed in the canned dips. Higher titratable acidity and lower pH were also significantly found in the canned dips. This study adds to the existing literature regarding the fresh-made and canned chickpea and broad beans dips produced and sold in Jordan. Moreover, this study shows that canned chickpea and broad beans dips can provide consumers with comparable nutrient values to those provided by the freshly made dips. Nevertheless, these findings warrant more investigations.
Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Qinxue , Hou Yantao , Wang Chaoyang , Yin Juntao 
Published: December 2024

Background
The prophylactic vaccines available to protect against infections by human papillomavirus (HPV) are well tolerated and highly immunogenic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of HPV vaccination on the risk of HPV infection and recurrent diseases related to HPV infection in individuals undergoing local surgical treatment.

Methods
A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and bioRxiv/medRxiv from inception to July 15, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of HPV vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment vs no HPV vaccination were included. The primary outcome measure was risk of recurrence cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after local surgical treatment, with follow-up as reported by individual studies. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB 2.0 tool). Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. No restrictions were applied on language, the date of publication, age, sex, and country. All analyses were carried out using the Review Manager 5 software (version 5.4).

Results
Eight RCTs (n = 3068) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of cervical HSIL recurrence was not reduced in individuals who were vaccinated compared with those who were not vaccinated (RR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.66–1.27; I2 = 40%). However, HPV vaccination reduced the risk of recurrence of cervical HSIL related to the HPV types HPV16/18, but uncertainty was large (RR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.18–1.84; I2 = 29%).

Conclusions
Adjuvant HPV vaccination after surgical excision is not associated with a reduced risk of recurrent HSIL overall or a reduced risk of recurrent lesions caused by the most oncogenic strains (HPV16/18). Therefore, HPV vaccination should not be considered for adjuvant treatment in patients undergoing surgical excision.
Exploring the impact of health literacy on pregnant women from ethnic minority groups: A scoping review
Authors: Feldman Sarah E. , Lennox Laura , Dsouza Natasha , Armani Keivan 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Health Inequalities refer to disparities in healthcare access and outcomes based on social determinants of health. These inequalities disproportionately affect Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups, particularly pregnant women, who face increased risks and limited access to care due to low health literacy. Maternal mortality rates for BAME women can be up to four times higher than for white women. This scoping review aimed to assess the impact of health literacy on BAME pregnant women’s health outcomes and experiences. Objectives included evaluating health literacy improvement tools, engaging stakeholders through co-production, and identifying persisting health inequalities.

Data sources
A scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was conducted. A specific search strategy was developed with a research librarian across three databases: EMBASE, Medline, and the Maternity and Infant Care (MIC) database. Patient, Public Involvement, and Engagement (PPIE) members were consulted from the outset to co-design the research question and to provide feedback on the findings.

Study appraisal and synthesis methods
Out of 1958 articles, 19 were included in the study, with 47% from the US and 21% from Denmark. Articles were published from EMBASE. 47% of the articles measured health literacy, while 53% implemented health literacy interventions, such as digital or community-based approaches.

Results
All 19 articles highlighted lower health literacy in BAME women compared to other groups. Ten proposed recommendations, while others emphasized the impact of social determinants of health, collectively underscoring the need for more research on BAME health.

Conclusions
The review underscores the inadequate health literacy and patient experience of BAME pregnant women. It also highlights the potential of digital health interventions to improve health literacy and health outcomes. The findings call for increased research into health literacy tools for BAME pregnant women. Healthcare systems, including the NHS, should allocate resources to enhance digital health interventions and address health inequalities in BAME groups during pregnancy.
High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3 mediated autophagy
Authors: Zhao Yu , Jiang Yuteng , Wang Fengmei , Sun Li , Ding Mengyuan , Zhang Liyuan , Wu Beibei , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: December 2024

Aim
Imbalanced M1/M2 macrophage phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Macrophages mainly exhibit the M1 phenotype, which contributes to inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Studies have indicated that autophagy plays an important role in M1/M2 activation. However, the mechanism by which autophagy regulates the macrophage M1/M2 phenotype in DKD is unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore whether high glucose-induced macrophages switch to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3-mediated autophagy.

Methods
DKD model rats were established in vivo via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The rats were sacrificed at 18 weeks for histological and molecular analysis. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro with 30 mM glucose in the presence or absence of a STAT-3 activator (colivelin) and an autophagy activator (rapamycin). Moreover, M1 and M2 macrophage activation models were established as a control group. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1), M1 markers (iNOS and CD11c) and M2 markers (MR and CD206).

Results
In DKD, macrophages exhibit an M1 phenotype. Under high-glucose conditions, RAW264.7 macrophages switched to the M1 phenotype. Autophagy was downregulated in high glucose–induced M1 macrophages. Both the STAT-3 activator and the autophagy activator promoted the transition of glucose-induced M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages. Moreover, STAT-3 activation increased the expression of autophagy markers (LC3 and Beclin-1). However, the autophagy activator had no effect on STAT-3 phosphorylation.

Conclusion
High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3-mediated autophagy.
Adherence to implementing physical distancing and other COVID-19 preventive measures and its barriers among adults in Arba Minch town, Southwest Ethiopia: A lesson learned from the pandemic
Authors: Wegayehu Teklu , Yohannes Tsegaye , Churko Chuchu , Bekele Alemayehu , Asfaw Mekuria Asnakew 
Published: December 2024

Background
Globally, as of March 2024, the number of confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths were over 774 million and seven million, respectively. Since there are no proven treatment in place against the disease, controlling strategy mainly rely on preventive measures. However, data on the extent of implementing physical distancing and other preventive measures during the pandemic of COVID-19 were inadequate in the study setting. This study is, therefore, documenting these gaps among people in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey and qualitative study at Arba Minch in June 2020. Quantitative data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and check-list from study participants (head of household or any adult ≥18 years old in a household) and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Qualitative data were collected using key informant interviews (KIIs) and analyzed by using a thematic approach.

Results
Of the total surveyed adults (459), only 43.6% achieved above the mean score on adherence to implementing preventive measures of COVID-19. We found that 29.8% of participants kept physical distancing, only 37.7% of study participants had face-mask use practice, 20.5% had hand sanitizer use practice, 42.5% of participants avoided attendance in public gatherings, 44.7% stopped touching their nose, eye, and mouth, 55.6% practiced stay at home, and 60% had frequent hand washing practice. Besides, the main emerged barriers of adherence to implementing COVID-19 preventive measures were poverty, distrust of government, misbelief, lack of ownership, lack of attention and sustained actions, lack of ownership, socio-cultural influence, lack of coordination and leadership.

Conclusions
The finding of this study suggests inadequate adherence to implementing COVID-19 preventive measures in adults in Arba Minch. Although inadequately implemented, a lot of lessons have been learned from COVID-19 pandemic preventive measures that would help in prevention and control of such a pantomimic disease happened.
The PROCAN-B study protocol: Early diagnosis of PROstate CANcer for Black men—a community-centred participatory approach in Scotland and the North-East of England
Authors: Christie-de Jong Floor , Eberhardt Judith , Ling Jonathan , Kotzur Marie , Oyeniyi Olugbenga Samuel , Nnyanzi Lawrence , Kabuye John , Kalemba Martin , Robb Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the UK and Black African-Caribbean men are twice as likely to develop prostate cancer as white men. These cancer inequalities need urgent tackling. Barriers to early diagnosis are complex and require complex solutions. Culturally-tailored, community-centred and participatory approaches show promise in tackling cancer inequalities. We aim to co-design a culturally appropriate intervention to tackle barriers to early diagnosis of prostate cancer for Black men in Scotland and the North-East of England using a community-centred participatory approach.

Methods
The PROCAN-B study is a mixed methods study set in Scotland and the North-East of England. A Public Involvement and Community Engagement (PICE) group (n = 12), is involved at every step of the research. Drawing on principles of the Integrated Screening Action model (I-SAM), the study has 8 objectives: 1) to explore barriers to early diagnosis of prostate cancer among Black men (45+) through focus groups (n = 12); 2) to co-design a culturally acceptable peer-led intervention to tackle barriers to early diagnosis of prostate cancer in Black men; 3) to train members of the community as ‘peer-facilitators’ (n = 8); 4) to deliver the intervention in each location, facilitated by peer-facilitators, with a purposive sample (n = 20) of Black men (45+); 5) to qualitatively evaluate the intervention through focus groups; 6) to refine the intervention based on qualitative feedback; 7) to pilot the refined intervention with another purposive sample (n = 40) through a cross-sectional survey pre- and post-intervention; 8) to qualitatively evaluate the refined intervention through focus groups to further refine the intervention.

Discussion
Community-centred and culturally tailored interventions have potential to be effective in addressing barriers to early diagnosis of prostate cancer, and thus ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality rates through earlier diagnosis in Black communities.
Are interventional radiology techniques ideal for nonpenetrating splenic injury management: Robust statistical analysis of the Trauma Quality Program database
Authors: Jawa Randeep S. , Gupta Amit , Vosswinkel James , Shapiro Marc , Hou Wei 
Published: December 2024

Background
Splenic artery embolization (SAE) is increasingly favored for adult blunt splenic injury management. We compared SAE to other splenic injury management strategies using robust statistical techniques.

Materials and methods
Univariate analyses of demographics and outcomes were performed for four patient groups: observation, SAE, splenic surgery, splenic surgery + SAE in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program (TQIP) database. To address nonlinear associations of ED vital signs with mortality, multivariable spline-based logistic regression models with interaction terms between hemodynamic status and management strategy and either splenic Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) or Injury Severity Score (ISS), were generated.

Results
In 44,187 splenic injury patients meeting study inclusion criteria, the most common management strategy was observation alone (77.9%). The observation group had median spleen AIS of 2, ISS 20, with 6.3% mortality; SAE (2.6%) had median spleen AIS3, ISS 24, with 6.6% mortality; splenic surgery (22.4%) AIS4, ISS 29, with 15.4% mortality; and splenic surgery + SAE (0.04%) AIS4, ISS 29, with 15.2% mortality. In multivariable models, SAE had lower predicted probability of mortality than surgery over most initial ED systolic blood pressures (SBPs). At all spleen AIS, SAE had lower predicted mortality than surgery. SAE had lower mortality than surgery except at very high ISS, where it was comparable. SAE had lower predicted mortality than observation management at spleen AIS≥3. In subgroup analysis of patients without severe multi-system injuries, predicted mortality did not differ by management strategy.

Conclusions
SAE is associated with decreased mortality at spleen AIS 3–5. The benefits of SAE appear to be largely for spleen AIS 3–5 in the setting of severe (AIS≥3) multi-system injuries.