bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Five-year Review of Puerperal Sepsis and Its Complications at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Oriji P. C. , Allagoa D. O. , Ikoro C. , Oguche O. I. , Oriji V. K. , Unachukwu C. E. , Ubom A. E. , Atemie G. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Puerperal sepsis is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. It complicates 1% – 8% of all deliveries, and is responsible for 15% of maternal deaths.
Objective: To determine the incidence of puerperal sepsis, and its associated complications at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, over a five-year period.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective survey was carried out between 1st January, 2016, and 31st December, 2020. Data were retrieved, entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.
Results: A total of 66 women were managed for puerperal sepsis out of 4,571 obstetric patients seen in the five-year period under review. Most women were unbooked (81.8%), and were delivered at home/unorthodox faith-based delivery units by traditional birth attendants (75.8%). Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp were cultured in 54.8%, 12.9% and 12.9% of cases, respectively. There was no maternal mortality.
Conclusion: Puerperal sepsis remains an important public health problem in developing countries. While encouraging antenatal care and supervised hospital delivery is important for its primary prevention, early diagnosis, prompt and effective antibiotic and supportive therapy will prevent its complications.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Fevers in Children among the Parents in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rao Sailaja , Alqahtani Saad , Hamoud Aziza , Hakami Rawan , Dkhn Omnia , Alhazmi Nawal , Alshahrani Saeed , Nomier Yousra 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive practices for fevers in children.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the parents in a poly health clinic of Jazan.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted for a period of 4 months in Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: The information was collected from the respondents about their knowledge, attitude and practice towards fevers using a pre-structured questionnaire. Data collection took place via online survey for about 4 months. A total number of 318 respondents were participated and statistical data analysis was analyzed for the same.
Results: Majority of the participants were mothers (84%, bp<0.001) with their education at university level. A temperature of > 37.0 °C was defined as fever by 83.3% of participants. Most of the parents use a pharmacy or approach a doctor for immediate and quick action in the treatment of fevers in children. The parents were giving importance to visit a doctor/pharmacist for better understanding about the medications to be followed and maximum number of participants (n = 200, bp<0.001) found to be significant) opted Paracetemol in the form of syrup as a best medication for their children. Chi-squared test was used to determine the significance of the knowledge, attitude and practice in the management of fevers.
Conclusion: Hence, from the findings, it can be concluded that there was a significant improvement in controlling the fevers in children.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Flow chart elaborates the knowledge, attitude and practice of fevers in children among parents in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
Effect of Oculus Guided Physical Therapy in Adjunct to Conventional Therapy in Frozen Shoulder Patients- A Research Protocol
Authors: Wankhade Shrutika , Phansopkar Pratik , Chitale Neha 
Published: September 2021

Background: Frozen shoulder is a musculoskeletal ailment that causes pain and limits the range of motion of the shoulder joint. Traditional therapy, which includes mobilization, has traditionally been utilized to treat and rehab frozen shoulder patients. But, nowadays, virtual reality is also playing important role in rehabilitation programs. This study focuses on effectiveness of oculus guided physical therapy in adjunct to conventional therapy in frozen shoulder patients.
Methods: 50 participants of age more than 40 years having frozen shoulder will be randomly selected and categorized in two groups: Group A (n=25) and Group B (n=25). The duration of study will be 6 months. The pre and post assessment form will be taken from both groups and data will be analysed with the help of outcome measures which includes Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Range of motion, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).
Discussion: According to a previous study on maternal brachial plexus injury, virtual reality treatment is more successful than traditional physiotherapy in rehabilitating childrens upper extremity functions.
A Review Article on Triazoles and its Pharmacological Activities
Authors: D’souza Alphonsus , Venuprasad K. D. , Nayak Prashant , Poonacha Lisha K. 
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that triazole was first synthesised over a century ago, it continues to unique the interest of chemists, biologists, technologists, and other experts. Triazoles have been shown to have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-tubercular, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and anti-corrosion properties in recent years. The goal of this review is to describe the structures, synthesis, reactions, and spectral properties of triazoles in order to highlight their potential applications in a variety of bioactive phenomena and analytical applications.
Prevalence and utilization of company integration management in Germany: Results of the 2018 BiBB/BAuA survey of employed persons
Authors: Hollederer Alfons 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This secondary analysis aims to investigate the implementation of the legally required company integration management (“BEM”) in case of an incapacity for work of at least six weeks and to identify predictors.

Methods
Database is the representative randomized 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey of 20 012 employed persons in Germany.

Results
Of the 1367 employees entitled to company integration management, 40% received an offer from their employer and 27% accepted it. In the public sector, half of those who were entitled reported an offer. Among those entitled to company integration management, employees under the age of 30, at risk of dismissal, or with fixed-term employment contract received an offer particularly rarely. Entitled employees with disabilities or in companies with works/staff councils received disproportionately often an offer of company integration management. Logistic regression analyses reveal strong associations between company integration management offer and the duration of incapacity to work. The probability of receiving an offer is almost halved for those entitled in medium-sized compared to small companies. The higher the level of educational qualification, the higher are odds ratios for an offer. In companies in which employees were less or not satisfied with their work overall, the chance of a company integration management offer is significantly reduced almost by half. The chance of an offer is more than three times higher in companies with workplace health promotion compared to those without.

Conclusions
Only a minority of eligible employees received an offer that is closely associated with health-promoting corporate culture and job satisfaction.
Hybrid Tomo‐Helical and Tomo‐Direct radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Karaca Sibel , Koca Timur , Sarpün İsmail Hakkı , Tunçel Nina , Korcum Şahin Aylin Fidan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study is to present a new planning approach to provide better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and reduce bladder and rectum dose with hybrid Tomo‐Helical (TH)/Tomo‐Direct (TD) radiotherapy (RT) for localized prostate cancer (LPC).MethodsTwenty‐five LPC patients were included in this retrospective study. TH plans, TD plans, and hybrid TH/TD plans were created. Lateral beams were used for the hybrid TD plan and the prescribed dose was 70 Gy in 28 fractions (hybrid plans were combined 45 Gy/ 18 fxs for TH and 25 Gy/10 fxs for TD). Doses of PTV (D2%, D98%, D50%, homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), coverage) and organs at risk (OARs) (V50%, V35%, V25%, V5%, and V95%) were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to analyze the difference in dosimetric parameters. p‐Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTH plans showed better CI, and target coverage (p < 0.01) than TD and hybrid plans in all patient plan evaluations. However, TD plans D2%, D98%, and D50% doses were better than TH and hybrid plans. The HI values were similar between the three plans. Significant reductions in bladder and rectum V50%, V35%, and V25% doses (p < 0.001) were observed with hybrid plans compared to TH and TD. Penile bulb V95% and bowel V5% doses were better in the hybrid plans. Left and right femoral head V5% doses were higher in the hybrid plan compared to others (p < 0.001).ConclusionConcurrently hybrid TH/TD RT plan can be a good option to reduce the doses of the rectum and bladder in the RT of LPC.
Nondestructive Picosecond Ultrasonic Probing of Intralayer and van der Waals Interlayer Bonding in α‐ and β‐In2Se3
Authors: Yan Wenjing , Akimov Andrey V. , Page Joseph A. , Greenaway Mark T. , Balanov Alexander G. , Patanè Amalia , Kent Anthony J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interplay between the strong intralayer covalent‐ionic bonds and the weak interlayer van der Waals (vdW) forces between the neighboring layers of vdW crystals gives rise to unique physical and chemical properties. Here, the intralayer and interlayer bondings in α and β polytypes of In2Se3 are studied, a vdW material with potential applications in advanced electronic and optical devices. Picosecond ultrasonic experiments are conducted to probe the sound velocity in the direction perpendicular to the vdW layers. The measured sound velocities are different in α‐ and β‐In2Se3, suggesting a significant difference in their elastic properties. Density functional theory and an effective spring model are used to calculate the elastic stiffness of the layer and vdW gap in α‐ and β‐In2Se3. The calculated elastic moduli show good agreement with experimental values and reveal the dominant contribution of interlayer atomic bonding to the different elastic properties of the two polytypes. The findings show the power of picosecond ultrasonics for probing the fundamental elastic properties of vdW materials. The data and analysis also provide a reliable description of the intra‐ and interlayer forces in complex crystal structures, such as the polytype phases of In2Se3.
Projected Mushroom Type Phase‐Change Memory
Authors: Ghazi Sarwat Syed , Philip Timothy M. , Chen Ching‐Tzu , Kersting Benedikt , Bruce Robert L. , Cheng Cheng‐Wei , Li Ning , Saulnier Nicole , BrightSky Matthew , Sebastian Abu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhase‐change memory devices have found applications in in‐memory computing where the physical attributes of these devices are exploited to compute in places without the need to shuttle data between memory and processing units. However, nonidealities such as temporal variations in the electrical resistance have a detrimental impact on the achievable computational precision. To address this, a promising approach is projecting the phase configuration of phase change material onto some stable element within the device. Here, the projection mechanism in a prominent phase‐change memory device architecture, namely mushroom‐type phase‐change memory, is investigated. Using nanoscale projected Ge2Sb2Te5 devices, the key attributes of state‐dependent resistance, drift coefficients, and phase configurations are studied, and using them how these devices fundamentally work is understood.
Catalyst‐Free and Oxidant‐Free Cascade Difluoroalkylation and Controllable C−F Bond Activation of Aryl Enol Acetates for the Synthesis of β‐Fluoroenones and β‐Enaminones
Authors: Li Wenshuang , Liu Ruyan , Li Ruonan , Wang Shihaozhi , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAryl enol acetates and DMF could promote radical difluoroalkylation of aryl enol acetates to generate α,α‐difluoro‐γ‐ketoacetates without a catalyst, an oxidant, or a base. When using different bases, β‐fluoroenones and β‐enaminones were synthesized by controllable C−F bond activation. These transformations provide an alternative method for the cascade difluoroalkylation and C−F bonds activation of aryl enol acetates.magnified image
3‐D Modeling of Ultrathin Solar Cells with Nanostructured Dielectric Passivation: Case Study of Chalcogenide Solar Cells
Authors: Raja Waseem , Aydin Erkan , Allen Thomas G. , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrathin solar cells can be a path forward to low‐cost photovoltaics due to their reduced material consumption and shorter required deposition times. With excellent surface passivation, such devices may feature higher open‐circuit voltages (VOC). However, their short‐circuit current density (JSC) may be reduced due to decreased light absorption. This mandates implementation of efficient light‐trapping structures. To design efficient ultrathin solar cells that combine surface‐passivation and light‐trapping features, accurate 3‐D modeling is necessary. To this end, a novel 3‐D optoelectrical finite‐element model is developed to analyze the performance of ultrathin solar cells. The model is applied to the case of ultrathin (<500 nm) chalcogenide solar cells (copper indium gallium (di) selenide, CIGSe), rear‐passivated with nanostructured Al2O3 to circumvent optical and electrical losses. It is found that such a nanopatterned dielectric passivation scheme enhances broadband light‐trapping with reduced rear‐surface recombination, resulting in an absolute power conversion efficiency enhancement of 3.9%, compared to cells without passivation structure. Overall, the work shows how 3‐D finite element modeling can aid in analyzing and developing new optical and electrical solar cell designs for ultrathin solar cells such as those based on chalcogenides and perovskites.
Ultra‐Fast Insulin–Pramlintide Co‐Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Maikawa Caitlin L. , Chen Peyton C. , Vuong Eric T. , Nguyen Leslee T. , Mann Joseph L. , d'Aquino Andrea I. , Lal Rayhan A. , Maahs David M. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Appel Eric A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDual‐hormone replacement therapy with insulin and amylin in patients with type 1 diabetes has the potential to improve glucose management. Unfortunately, currently available formulations require burdensome separate injections at mealtimes and have disparate pharmacokinetics that do not mimic endogenous co‐secretion. Here, amphiphilic acrylamide copolymers are used to create a stable co‐formulation of monomeric insulin and amylin analogues (lispro and pramlintide) with synchronous pharmacokinetics and ultra‐rapid action. The co‐formulation is stable for over 16 h under stressed aging conditions, whereas commercial insulin lispro (Humalog) aggregates in 8 h. The faster pharmacokinetics of monomeric insulin in this co‐formulation result in increased insulin–pramlintide overlap of 75 ± 6% compared to only 47 ± 7% for separate injections. The co‐formulation results in similar delay in gastric emptying compared to pramlintide delivered separately. In a glucose challenge, in rats, the co‐formulation reduces deviation from baseline glucose compared to insulin only, or separate insulin and pramlintide administrations. Further, comparison of interspecies pharmacokinetics of monomeric pramlintide suggests that pharmacokinetics observed for the co‐formulation will be well preserved in future translation to humans. Together these results suggest that the co‐formulation has the potential to improve mealtime glucose management and reduce patient burden in the treatment of diabetes.
Sustainable Clinical Development of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Oki Eiji , Ando Koji , Taniguchi Hiroya , Yoshino Takayuki , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous clinical studies in an adjuvant setting have been conducted and the combination therapy of 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin has been established as the standard treatment for Stage III and as an option for high‐risk Stage II patients. Biologics such as bevacizumab and antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibodies have failed to show additional survival benefits. The indication of adjuvant chemotherapy has been determined according to the pathological stage. Nevertheless, a pathological diagnosis does not necessarily result in selection of the optimal treatment. To improve treatment decisions, many trials have aimed to stratify patients into treatment groups using genomic testing. Recently, gene signature, Immunoscore, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays have been reported and among them, ctDNA was shown to be a promising accurate predictive marker for recurrence. Treatment of ctDNA‐positive patients with aggressive chemotherapy may reduce recurrence rates. The ultimate goal is to accurately predict the risk of recurrence and to prevent recurrence in colon cancer patients. In this review we focus on the clinical development of adjuvant chemotherapy and stratification of patients according to risk of recurrence and the future direction of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Mesogens with aggregation‐induced emission properties: Materials with a bright future
Authors: Voskuhl Jens , Giese Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWithin the past two decades, chromophores, which show aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), have gained considerable attention with respect to the development of luminescent liquid crystals. In contrast to common luminogens, AIE emitters do not suffer from aggregation‐caused quenching of the emission in the solid state. In this review, we summarize the recent development in the field of AIE‐active liquid crystals and show first model devices, which already prove the application potential of these materials. Currently, three different approaches are followed, to get access to luminescent liquid crystals––namely the synthetic approach yielding luminescent mesogens, the doping approach, and the supramolecular approach, which will be described and discussed in detail in this review.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease and any dementia: A multi‐generation cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Zhang Le , Du Rietz Ebba , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Dobrosavljevic Maja , Johnell Kristina , Pedersen Nancy L. , Larsson Henrik , Chang Zheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the extent to which attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and any dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, across generations.MethodsA nationwide cohort born between 1980 and 2001 (index persons) were linked to their biological relatives (parents, grandparents, uncles/aunts) using Swedish national registers. We used Cox models to examine the cross‐generation associations.ResultsAmong relatives of 2,132,929 index persons, 3042 parents, 171,732 grandparents, and 1369 uncles/aunts had a diagnosis of AD. Parents of individuals with ADHD had an increased risk of AD (hazard ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.26–1.89). The associations attenuated but remained elevated in grandparents and uncles/aunts. The association for early‐onset AD was stronger than late‐onset AD. Similar results were observed for any dementia.DiscussionADHD is associated with AD and any dementia across generations. The associations attenuated with decreasing genetic relatedness, suggesting shared familial risk between ADHD and AD.
Mechanical Force for the Transformation of Aziridine into Imine
Authors: Jung Sangmin , Yoon Hyo Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForce‐selective mechanochemical reactions may be important for applications in polymer mechanochemistry, yet it is difficult to achieve such reactions. This paper reports that cis‐N‐phthalimidoaziridine incorporated into a macromolecular backbone undergoes migration of N‐phthalimido group to afford imine under mechanochemical condition and not thermal one. The imine is further hydrolyzed by water bifurcating into amine and aldehyde. These structural transformations are confirmed by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopic analyses. Computational simulations are conducted for the aziridine mechanophore to propose the mechanism of reaction and define the substrate scope of reaction.
Assessing large‐scale movement of an endangered fish: Dispersal of stocked age‐0 pallid sturgeon in the lower Missouri River
Authors: Gemeinhardt Todd R. , Gosch Nathan J. C. , Hall Jerrod R. , Whiteman Kasey W. , Welker Tim L. , Bonneau Joseph L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Large‐scale movement of fishes is a challenge for conservation and management in rivers, especially when individuals can cross jurisdictional boundaries.
Assessing large‐scale movement is particularly difficult during early life stages, especially when endangered species are involved. After hatching, free embryos of the federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) drift long distances during development. Following the transition to exogenous feeding, individuals may continue to move downstream, resulting in a potential two‐step migration.
Tagged age‐0 pallid sturgeon were stocked into the lower Missouri River, which provided an opportunity to assess pallid sturgeon dispersal as well as the hypothesized two‐step migration. From July 2018 to April 2021, 79 individuals were captured, with most dispersing 200–800 km downstream from the stocking location.
The observed dispersal of pallid sturgeon supports the two‐step downstream migration hypothesis. This migration may lead to dispersal into the Mississippi River, which highlights the need for expanded monitoring into the Mississippi River for an effective evaluation of pallid sturgeon recovery actions. This study also reinforces the importance of inter‐jurisdictional management and collaboration to better account for the large‐scale movement of river fishes.
Heterologous expression of cyanobacterial gas vesicle proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jung Harin , Ling Hua , Tan Yong Quan , Chua Nam‐Hai , Yew Wen Shan , Chang Matthew Wook 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven the potential applications of gas vesicles (GVs) in multiple fields including antigen‐displaying and imaging, heterologous reconstitution of synthetic GVs is an attractive and interesting study that has translational potential. Here, we attempted to express and assemble GV proteins (GVPs) into GVs using the model eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We first selected and expressed two core structural proteins, GvpA and GvpC from cyanobacteria Anabaena flos‐aquae and Planktothrix rubescens, respectively. We then optimized the protein production conditions and validated GV assembly in the context of GV shapes. We found that when two copies of anaA were integrated into the genome, the chromosomal expression of AnaA resulted in GV production regardless of GvpC expression. Next, we co‐expressed chaperone‐RFP with the GFP‐AnaA to aid the AnaA aggregation. The co‐expression of individual chaperones (Hsp42, Sis1, Hsp104, and GvpN) with AnaA led to the formation of larger inclusions and enhanced the sequestration of AnaA into the perivacuolar site. To our knowledge, this represents the first study on reconstitution of GVs in S. cerevisiae. Our results could provide insights into optimizing conditions for heterologous protein production as well as the reconstitution of other synthetic microcompartments in yeast.