bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the care of term babies at risk of hypoglycaemia: A microsystem approach
Authors: Vimalesvaran Sunitha , Kokotsis Vasilis , Akhtar Fauzia , Chetcuti‐Ganado Claudia 
Published: January 2021

AimNeonatal hypoglycaemia is a common problem, often requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our aim was to reduce term admissions to NICU for hypoglycaemia by 50% over 4 years.MethodsInborn term babies from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 were included. Using quality‐improvement methodology, we designed interventions based on human factors to incorporate best practice recommendations for babies at‐risk of hypoglycaemia. This included standardisation of local guidelines, introduction of educational programmes to reiterate changes to practice and a multidisciplinary steering group to review term admissions to better understand the cause of failure of the maternal–neonatal pathway. The outcome measures were the number of term babies admitted to NICU for hypoglycaemia and the proportion of these babies not requiring intravenous (IV) dextrose. Run charts were used to monitor hypoglycaemia admissions and the impact of each intervention.ResultsThere was an overall reduction in the number of term babies admitted to NICU for hypoglycaemia from 36 babies in 2014 (baseline) to 5 babies in 2018. The percentage of babies admitted to the neonatal unit who did not require IV dextrose decreased from 22/36 (61%) in 2014 to 0/5 (0%) in 2018. Admissions from the delivery suite decreased from 21/36 (58%) to 1/5 (20%). There were no adverse outcomes observed in the period before or after the intervention.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a simple, cost‐effective quality improvement project using fundamental human factors principles. This initiative successfully reduced the number of term admissions for hypoglycaemia over 4 years.
Trends in rates and inequalities in paediatric admissions for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions in Victoria, Australia (2003 to 2013)
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Paton Kate , Lei Shaoke , Perera Prescilla , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: January 2021

AimTo examine 10‐year trends and inequalities in paediatric admission rates for acute and chronic Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) in Victoria, Australia.MethodsSecondary data analysis of the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset of children aged 0–17 years and 11 months admitted with a principal diagnosis of acute ACSCs: gastroenteritis/dehydration, dental conditions and urinary tract infections (UTIs) or chronic ACSCs: asthma and diabetic ketoacidosis, from 2003 to 2013. Main outcome measure was trends in paediatric hospital admission rates for ACSCs (per 1000 population).ResultsOver the 10 years, hospital admission rates remained consistently high for asthma and dental conditions. Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were more likely to be admitted for all acute conditions over time. Dental conditions were the only ACSC associated with increased rates of admissions in regional areas.ConclusionsInequalities in paediatric hospital admissions exist for acute conditions and have not changed from 2003 to 2013; disadvantaged Victorian children were more likely to be admitted to hospital at each time point. More equitable access to medical and dental care is needed. Primary care (medical and dental) should be a critical platform to address socio‐economic differences and effectively prevent avoidable hospital admissions in children.
Sleep and emotion processing in paediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot investigation
Authors: Jones Stephanie , Castelnovo Anna , Riedner Brady , Flaherty Bethany , Prehn‐Kristensen Alexander , Benca Ruth , Tononi Giulio , Herringa Ryan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryEmotion processing abnormalities and sleep pathology are central to the phenomenology of paediatric posttraumatic stress disorder, and sleep disturbance has been linked to the development, maintenance and severity of the disorder. Given emerging evidence indicating a role for sleep in emotional brain function, it has been proposed that dysfunctional processing of emotional experiences during sleep may play a significant role in affective disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Here we sought to examine the relationship between sleep and emotion processing in typically developing youth, and youth with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder . We use high‐density electroencephalogram to compare baseline sleep with sleep following performance on a task designed to assess both memory for and reactivity to negative and neutral imagery in 10 youths with posttraumatic stress disorder, and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐traumatized typically developing youths. Subjective ratings of arousal to negative imagery (ΔArousal = post‐sleep minus pre‐sleep arousal ratings) remain unchanged in youth with posttraumatic stress disorder following sleep (mean increase 0.15, CI −0.28 to +0.58), but decreased in TD youth (mean decrease −1.0, 95% CI −1.44 to −0.58). ΔArousal, or affective habituation, was negatively correlated with global change in slow‐wave activity power (ρ = −0.58, p = .008). When considered topographically, the correlation between Δslow‐wave activity power and affective habituation was most significant in a frontal cluster of 27 electrodes (Spearman, ρ = −0.51, p = .021). Our results highlight the importance of slow‐wave sleep for adaptive emotional processing in youth, and have implications for symptom persistence in paediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Impairments in slow‐wave activity may represent a modifiable risk factor in paediatric posttraumatic stress disorder.
Effects of fat content on the textural and in vivo buccal breakdown properties of soy yogurt
Authors: Shen Zhuang , Liu Zhen , Rui Xin , Chen Xiaohong , Jiang Mei , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of fat content on the textural and in vivo buccal breakdown properties of soy yogurt (SY) at different pH (5.4, 5.0, and 4.6). The microbial analysis, textural and rheological properties, and interfacial protein composition of all the samples were monitored. Microbial results suggested that the increased fat content in SY‐5.0 and SY‐4.6 resulted in significantly high viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Textural studies demonstrated that the presence of a low fat content (1–3%) significantly reduced the hardness, springiness, and gumminess of the sample, but this effect was negligible with the addition of fat content (4–5%). The apparent viscosity and thixotropy of the SY‐4.6 sample increased as the fat content increased. in vivo buccal digestion showed that a high fat content (2–4%) reduced the number of chews and chewing durations, which might be correlated with high oil droplet release (%) after mastication.
Wound formation, wound size, and progression of wound healing after intratumoral treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs with tigilanol tiglate
Authors: Reddell Paul , De Ridder Thomas R. , Morton John M. , Jones Pamela D. , Campbell Justine E. , Brown Graham , Johannes Chad M. , Schmidt Peter F. , Gordon Victoria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTigilanol tiglate (TT) is a novel small molecule for intratumoral treatment of nonmetastatic mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. In a randomized controlled clinical study, 75% of dogs that received a single TT treatment achieved complete resolution of the MCT by 28 days, with no recurrence in 93% of dogs at 84 days. Critical to TT's efficacy was the area of the wound (tissue deficit) after slough of the necrotic tumor relative to pretreatment tumor volume.ObjectivesTo analyze data collected during the previous study to (a) describe wounds after slough of treated MCTs and (b) identify determinants of wound area and speed of wound healing.MethodsWound presence, condition, and area were determined from clinical records of 117 dogs over 84 days after a single intratumoral TT treatment.ResultsTumor slough occurred 3 to 14 days after treatment, exposing granulation tissue in the wound bed. Wound area after tumor slough in general was related to pretreatment tumor volume, with maximal recorded wound area fully evident in 89% of dogs by day 7. In dogs achieving complete tumor resolution, all wounds were left to heal by secondary intention. Bandaging and other wound management interventions only were required in 5 dogs. Time to healing (ie, full re‐epithelialization of treatment site) depended on wound area and location on the body, with most wounds being fully healed between 28 and 42 days after treatment.ConclusionsWound area and healing after slough of TT‐treated tumors follow a consistent clinical pattern for most dogs.
Echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular‐arterial coupling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Osuga Tatsuyuki , Morita Tomoya , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Ohta Hiroshi , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effective arterial elastance (Ea) to left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic elastance (Ees) ratio (Ea/Ees) is an index of the interaction between LV and systemic arterial systems, left ventricular‐arterial coupling (VAC). The Ea is an index of total arterial load of the LV, whereas Ees is an index of LV systolic function. In humans, inappropriate VAC based on increased Ea/Ees estimated using echocardiography is associated with more advanced heart disease severity.HypothesisLeft ventricular‐arterial coupling assessed by echocardiographic estimation of Ea/Ees is associated with disease severity in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).AnimalsNinety MMVD dogs and 61 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. The MMVD dogs were classified into stages B1, B2, or C according to American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines. Effective arterial elastance was echocardiographically estimated using the formula: mean blood pressure/(forward stroke volume/body weight). End‐systolic elastance was echocardiographically estimated using the formula: mean blood pressure/(LV end‐systolic volume/body weight). The ratio Ea/Ees was calculated.ResultsThe ratio Ea/Ees was higher in stage B2 dogs than in healthy dogs and dogs stage B1 (both P < .0001), and higher in stage C dogs than in healthy dogs and dogs in the other 2 stages (healthy vs C and B1 vs C, P < .0001; B2 vs C, P = .0005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that Ea/Ees and the peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow to isovolumic relaxation time ratio were independent predictors of stage C among echocardiographic indices in MMVD dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInappropriate VAC assessed by echocardiographically estimated Ea/Ees is associated with advanced disease severity in dogs with MMVD.
A synthesis of life‐history traits, functional traits, and consequences of anthropogenic pressures on Madagascar’s threatened carnivorans, Eupleridae
Authors: Wampole Erin M. , Farris Zach J. , Gerber Brian D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Madagascar’s native carnivorans are an endemic monophyletic group of eight extant species belonging to the family Eupleridae. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) currently classifies seven of the species as threatened (Vulnerable or Endangered), as their populations are in decline due to intensifying anthropogenic pressures. However, little is known about these species’ ecology and population trends, precluding forecasts of extinction risk. Life‐history and functional traits govern species’ responses to environmental pressure and can be predictive of extinction risk. Incorporating relevant trait information can vastly improve risk assessments. Yet, information on the life‐history and functional traits of the Eupleridae has never been compiled into a single framework.

Our aims were to: 1) synthesise the current state of knowledge of the life‐history and functional traits of euplerid species, 2) review empirical evidence of the effects of anthropogenic pressures on species, and 3) identify knowledge gaps and future research needs.

We searched the published literature to compile life‐history and functional trait information and known effects of anthropogenic pressures for Eupleridae.

Our review indicates that Madagascar’s carnivorans have high‐risk life‐history and functional traits that increase their vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures. Publications reported negative effects on euplerids from habitat degradation and fragmentation, logging, non‐native carnivorans, disease, and hunting and retaliatory killings. However, our synthesis revealed significant knowledge gaps, especially in species’ life‐history traits and in the spatial variability in most traits. For most species, we currently do not have the robust data needed to assess trait‐based risk dynamics.

The culmination of reported traits, negative influence of ongoing anthropogenic pressures, and lack of robust metrics (e.g. population trends and trait variability) indicate that euplerids are at high risk, yet may reach the cusp of extinction without notice due to significant gaps in knowledge. Future research should prioritise filling gaps in knowledge of influential traits, evaluating anthropogenic pressures, and integrating trait information to improve risk assessments and extinction forecasts.
Genome‐wide variation in DNA methylation linked to developmental stage and chromosomal suppression of recombination in white‐throated sparrows
Authors: Sun Dan , Layman Thomas S. , Jeong Hyeonsoo , Chatterjee Paramita , Grogan Kathleen , Merritt Jennifer R. , Maney Donna L. , Yi Soojin V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMuch of our knowledge on regulatory impacts of DNA methylation has come from laboratory‐bred model organisms, which may not exhibit the full extent of variation found in wild populations. Here, we investigated naturally‐occurring variation in DNA methylation in a wild avian species, the white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). This species offers exceptional opportunities for studying the link between genetic differentiation and phenotypic traits because of a nonrecombining chromosome pair linked to both plumage and behavioural phenotypes. Using novel single‐nucleotide resolution methylation maps and gene expression data, we show that DNA methylation and the expression of DNA methyltransferases are significantly higher in adults than in nestlings. Genes for which DNA methylation varied between nestlings and adults were implicated in development and cell differentiation and were located throughout the genome. In contrast, differential methylation between plumage morphs was concentrated in the nonrecombining chromosome pair. Interestingly, a large number of CpGs on the nonrecombining chromosome, localized to transposable elements, have undergone dramatic loss of DNA methylation since the split of the ZAL2 and ZAL2m chromosomes. Changes in methylation predicted changes in gene expression for both chromosomes. In summary, we demonstrate changes in genome‐wide DNA methylation that are associated with development and with specific functional categories of genes in white‐throated sparrows. Moreover, we observe substantial DNA methylation reprogramming associated with the suppression of recombination, with implications for genome integrity and gene expression divergence. These results offer an unprecedented view of ongoing epigenetic reprogramming in a wild population.
Effectiveness of integrated care on delaying chronic kidney disease progression in rural communities of Thailand (ESCORT‐2) trials
Authors: Thanachayanont Teerawat , Chanpitakkul Methee , Hengtrakulvenit Jukkapong , Watcharakanon Podjanee , Wisansak Watcharapong , Tancharoensukjit Teerapong , Kaewsringam Phosri , Leesmidt Vinai , Pongpirul Krit , Lekagul Salyaveth , Tungsanga Kriang ,   ESCORT‐2 Research Team
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimWe conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated care model on delaying chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in routine clinical practice in rural primary care setting.MethodsAfter enrolment, patients with stages 3 to 4 CKD patients from five district hospitals in a northern province of Thailand (400 km from Bangkok) received integrated care comprising hospital multidisciplinary care and home visits by community care teams. Clinical characteristics and biochemical data were collected at baseline and every 3‐month interval thereafter for 36 months. The primary outcome was the rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline.ResultsNine hundred and fourteen stage −3 and − 4 CKD patients were enrolled. The mean age of our cohort was 62 years. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) was the main cause of CKD (53%) whereas hypertension was the most common co‐morbidity (92%). The mean rate of eGFR decline was −0.92 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. The rate of eGFR decline among patients with DKD was about three times faster than patients without DKD. Patients with higher blood pressure, metabolic acidosis, proteinuria or anaemia had a faster rate of eGFR decline.ConclusionThis integrated care model at the community level was effective in delaying CKD progression in routine clinical practice situation.
Factors that affect the duration of wearing disposable personal protective equipment by healthcare professionals in Wuhan during treatment of COVID‐19 patients: An epidemiological study
Authors: Li Fanglin , Jiang Tongtong , Shi Tieying , Liu Yongning , Liu Xiumei , Xu Guojun , Liu Yu , Shi Yajie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study of healthcare workers who cared for COVID‐19 patients was to identify factors that affected the duration of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). The results of this study will provide initial guidance to practicing clinicians and a foundation for further research on this topic. This cross‐sectional study examined 139 frontline healthcare professionals who worked at a single hospital in Wuhan, China, from March 16 to April 1, 2020. General and demographic data, physical and mental status, use of personal protective equipment, type of hospital work, and duration of wearing personal protective equipment were recorded. The mean duration of wearing personal protective equipment was 194.17 min (standard deviation: 3.71). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the duration of wearing personal protective equipment was significantly associated with the presence of a chronic disease, working hours when feeling discomfort, lack of patient cooperation and subsequent psychological pressure, prolonged continuous wearing of personal protective equipment, feeling anxious about physical strength, and the presence of fatigue when wearing personal protective equipment. These factors should be considered by practicing healthcare professionals and in future studies that examine the optimal duration of wearing personal protective equipment.
The endodermal passage cell – just another brick in the wall?
Authors: Holbein Julia , Shen Defeng , Andersen Tonni Grube 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe endodermis surrounds and protects the vasculature partly by depositing hydrophobic suberin in the cell walls. Yet, some cells remain unsuberised. These historically termed ‘passage cells’ are assumed to provide a low‐resistance pathway to the xylem. Only recently have we started to gain molecular insights into these cells, which allow us to probe how roots coordinate communication with the environment across barriers with single‐cell precision. Increased understanding of root physiology at a high‐resolution is intriguing, as it is likely to provide us with new tools to improve overall plant health. With this in mind, we here provide a brief overview of passage cells, their presence across plant species, as well as a molecular update and future directions for passage cell‐related research.
Health‐related quality of life among oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients: An exploratory study
Authors: Binnal Almas , Rajesh Gururaghavendran , Prakash Saxena PU , Banerjee Sourjya , Denny Ceena , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo comprehensively explore the effect of several sociodemographic‐, patient‐ and tumour‐related factors on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients.MethodologyPatients diagnosed with oral and oropharyngeal cancers were included in the present cross‐sectional study. Information pertaining to various sociodemographic‐, patient‐ and tumour‐related factors was recorded. HRQoL was assessed using standard 12‐item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF12V2), and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP).ResultsA total of 108 patients participated in the present study. Results revealed that nodal metastasis, histological differentiation and pain were significant predictors of OHRQoL, while site, size, stage, histological differentiation and pain were significant predictors of HRQoL. Pain was the single most significant negative determinant of HRQoL that was associated with worst total OHIP (B = 2.01, β = 0.45, p < .0001), physical (B = −0.88, β = −0.21, p = .017) and mental (B = −1.00, β = −0.22, p = .016) component summary scores.ConclusionsNumber of sociodemographic‐, patient‐ and tumour‐related factors emerged as significant predictors of HRQoL and OHRQoL. Study results might help in formulating targeted treatment plan, optimising patient care and follow‐up.
Gluten‐free diet modulates inflammation in salivary glands and pancreatic islets
Authors: Haupt‐Jorgensen Martin , Groule Vibeke , Reibel Jesper , Buschard Karsten , Pedersen Anne Marie Lynge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesA lifelong gluten‐free (GF) diet ameliorates autoimmune diabetes in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice and most likely in humans. Besides diabetes, NOD mice develop focal sialadenitis, as seen in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In humans, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also linked to SS. Here, we investigated whether a lifelong GF diet influences the immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands and pancreatic islets in NOD mice.MethodsNOD mice were fed a lifelong (i.e. 13 weeks) GF or gluten‐containing standard (STD) diet. Insulitis and sialadenitis were scored on H&E‐stained paraffin‐embedded sections of pancreas and submandibular glands. Immune cell specificity and distribution were investigated immunohistochemically.ResultsThere were fewer CD68+ and CD4+ cells in submandibular gland areas with focal sialadenitis as well as reduced insulitis and fewer VEGFR2+ cells in pancreatic islets in mice on GF versus STD diet. The degree of sialadenitis was not significantly lower in GF mice, but sialadenitis and insulitis correlated strongly. Lung weight was lower in GF mice.ConclusionIn NOD mice, a lifelong GF diet reduces infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and T cells in salivary glands and inflammation in pancreatic islets, possibly by reducing VEGFR2, indicating that the linked autoimmune diseases, T1D and SS, may be alleviated by a GF diet.