bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and Functional Composition of Soil Mycobiome of Two Agricultural Sites in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Elnaiem Marwa H. E. , Taniguchi Takeshi , Siddig Marmar El 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms and considered as one of the least-explored biodiversity resources. Soil fungal community was investigated in two agricultural sites in Khartoum state, Sudan, during two seasons. A total of 42 soil samples were collected, their physicochemical properties were determined, then subjected to metabarcoding and metagenomic analyses. fungal community composition, diversity and microbial trophic modes were determined utilizing R software packages. From both sites, a total of 15 different phyla were detected, out of them, 11 were the most abundant and frequent. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum (86.54% total abundance), followed by the Basidiomycota (8.29%). The dominant class was Sordariomycetes (41.02%), followed by Dothideomycetes (19.80%). Aspergillus (6.2%), Curvularia (6.0%), Neurospora (5.8%) and Fusarium (4.9%) were the most abundant genera. Deniquelata for the first time being recorded in Sudan. Apha diversity measures revealed sample richness ranging from 71 to 361 ASVs, and Shannon index ranging from 2.794 to 5.087. The two sites had significantly different alpha diversity. Land-use types were also significantly different in their diversity regardless of site. Season had no effect on alpha diversity of soil fungal communities. Beta diversity analysis indicated significant differences between the two sites and the different land-use types. No significant differences in the community structure recorded between the two seasons. The dominant trophic mode among the assigned ASVs in soil mycobiome was saprotroph mode (22.11%). Results of this study reveals that fungal community structure is affected by site and land-use type. It gives a comprehensive database for the mycobiome of the agricultural soil in Khartoum state.
Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes among patients enrolled at six locations in the DRC: 2017–2018
Authors: McCaffery Jessica N. , Nace Douglas , Herman Camelia , Singh Balwan , Sompwe Eric Mukomena , Nkoli Papy Mandoko , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia , Halsey Eric S. , Rogier Eric 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detecting histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and HRP3 are widely used throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, multiple SSA countries have reported pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) gene deletions. Methods: Blood samples (n=1109) collected from patients with P. falciparum infection from six health facilities throughout the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from March 2017 to January 2018 were evaluated for pfhrp2/3 deletions. Samples were assayed for HRP2, pan-Plasmodium LDH (pLDH) and aldolase (pAldolase) antigens by bead-based multiplex antigen assay. Samples with low HRP2 concentration compared to pLDH and pAldolase antigens were selected for further pfhrp2/3 genotyping PCRs.Results: The majority of blood samples (93.3%, 1035/1109) had high concentrations of the HRP2 antigen. Single deletions of pfhrp2 were identified in 0.27% (3/1109) of screened samples, with one sample from each of the Kapolowe, Mikalayi, and Rutshuru study sites. A pfhrp3 single deletion (0.09%, 1/1109) was found in the Kapolowe site. Dual pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were not observed. Conclusions: Due to, the low numbers of pfhrp2 deletions and the sporadic locations of these deletions, the use of HRP2-based RDTs appears to still be appropriate for these locations in DRC.
Inborn Errors of Immunity on the Island of Ireland – A Cross-Jurisdictional UKPID/ESID Registry Report
Authors: Ryan Paul , Redenbaugh Vyanka , McGucken Jayne , Kindle Gerhard , Devlin Lisa , Coulter Tanya , Buckland Matthew , Seppänen Mikko , Conlon Niall , Feighery Conleth , Edgar David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The epidemiology of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in the Republic of Ireland was first published in 2005 but has not been updated since. IEI prevalence data from Northern Ireland was last published in 2018. Using data from the United Kingdom Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) and European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registries, we reviewed all registered cases of IEI affecting adult patients ≥18 years of age from the two largest immunology specialist centres in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland respectively, and calculated the combined minimum adult prevalence of IEI on the island of Ireland for the first time. We also recorded data pertaining to presenting symptoms of IEI, diagnostic delay, immunoglobulin data, and genetic testing, as well as briefly reporting data pertaining to secondary immunodeficiency in both countries. We identified a minimum adult IEI prevalence in Ireland of 8.85/100,000 population (1:11,299).
NURBS Interpolator With Pre-compensation Based on Discrete Inverse Transfer Function for CNC High-precision Machining
Authors: Wang Taiyong , Cao Libo , Zhang Yongbin , Dong Jingchuan , Jia Songhui , Tian Chong , Liu Qingjian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the field of CNC machining, high-speed and high-precision machining has been regarded as the key research by many scholars. In conventional methods, high-speed machining and high-precision machining are contradictory. It is inevitable to reduce the feedrate to improve the processing accuracy. In the paper, a pre-compensation based on discrete inverse transfer function (PDIT) theory is proposed. PDIT is able to improve machining accuracy by reducing contour errors without decreasing feedrate. The proposed PDIT theory is divided into three parts, NURBS interpolator, feedrate scheduling, and interpolator with pre-compensation. The NURBS interpolator has greatly advantage to interpolate the parameter curve directly. Therefore, the paper adopts the NURBS interpolator to accomplish interpolation. In the feedrate scheduling, S-type flexible acceleration and deceleration are used for path planning, and the maximum starting feedrate is obtained with the feedrate constraint. In the interpolator with pre-compensation, the NURBS interpolator is pre-compensated by PDIT. For inputs, the response of transfer function reach steady-state response with a little time. Before reaching steady-state response, the unsteady response exists in the transfer function. The unsteady response usually sustains tens of interpolation periods and must be lead contour error in machining. Hence, the PDIT theory is employed to compensate the contour error causing by the unsteady response of transfer function to NURBS interpolator. The drive system is a transfer function, so the unsteady response of drive system cause machining errors before reaching the steady-state response. In the paper, the NURBS interpolator is pre-compensated by PDIT theory before the drive system to reduce contour errors and improve machining accuracy. Finally, the performance of the proposed PDIT is evaluated by simulation experiments. The experimental results illustrate that PDIT theory obviously improve the machining accuracy and reduces the contour error.
3 Liter Polyethylene Glycol is Not Inferior to The Standard Bowel Preparation in Chinese Population with Equal Efficacy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheng Peng , Chen Qing-qi , Li Ju-yuan , Cheng Zheng , Guo Dian-hua , Zhong Zheng-rong , Bai Yu , Meng Xiangjun , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Ideal bowel cleansing regimens should be both effective and well tolerated. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends 4L Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as the standard regimen for the bowel preparation (BP). This large volume of PEG ensures a better-quality bowel cleansing but might be poorly tolerated amongst the Chinese population given their different characteristics. The current study compared the 3L and 4L PEG with regard to their effectiveness, tolerability, and safety amongst Chinese patients to identify the better suitable bowel cleansing method for this population.
Methods

This study employed a prospective, observer-blinded, randomized and controlled design in a high-volume endoscopic center. Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned (1:1) to the 3L-PEG or 4L-PEG group. The quality of bowel cleansing, procedure time, adenoma detection rate (ADR), patient tolerance, and adverse events were compared.
Results

A total of 330 patients were included in the study. The quality of the bowel cleansing (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale) for both the whole intestine and each segment showing no significant differences between the groups. No significant differences were present with regard to the procedure time or ADR. The incidences of adverse events such as nausea (P = 0.001) and bloating (P < 0.001)were significantly lower in the 3L-PEG group. Moreover, there was a significantly higher rate of satisfaction in 3L-PEG group than that of the 4L-PEG group (P = 0.009).
Conclusions

3L-PEG bowel cleansing represents an optimal alternative to a 4L-PEG preparation for Chinese people, showing a similar efficacy and superior levels of satisfaction, acceptability, and safety amongst users. We recommend 3L PEG be the routine regimen in the clinical setting for Chinese patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03356015, registered in 29 November, 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03356015)
Barriers in Advance Care Planning and Goals of Care Discussion With Oncology Patients: The Perspective of Brazilian Medical Residents
Authors: Dias Laiane Moraes , Frutig Mayra Almeida , Bezerra Mirella Rebello , Barra Williams Fernandes , Castro Luísa , Rego Francisca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Advance care planning (ACP) and goals of care discussions involve the exploration of what is most important to a person to prepare for health-care decision-making. Despite their well-established benefits, they are still not frequently performed in clinical oncology practice. The awareness of physicians’ barriers enables the development of tailored interventions to improve professional practice. Considering the scarcity of studies about the difficulties of medical residents in discussing goals of care, this study aims to determine, from the perspective of medical residents, the barriers to the discussion goals of care and ACP with patients with cancer. Methods. A previously published survey (Decide-Oncology) to assess barriers to goals of care discussion among health care providers was adapted to Portuguese language and distributed to Brazilian medical residents from three hospitals in Brazil in a cross-sectional pilot study. Residents were asked to rank the importance of various barriers to discuss goals of care (ranging from 1-extremely unimportant to 7-extremely important). Results: Twenty-nine residents answered the questionnaire (30.9%). The most reported barriers were related to patients and their families' difficulty in understanding and accepting the diagnostic and the prognosis, patients’ desire to receive full active treatment and the lack of an advance directive. Furthermore, the physician and external factors such as lack of training and lack of time to have these conversations were also very important barriers. The identification of the key barriers that limit the discussion of ACP and early palliative care referrals can certainly help to prioritize the next steps for future studies aimed at improving ACP and goals of care discussions.
Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node With Hybrid Tracer (ICG-[99mTc]Tc-albumin Nanocolloid) in Intermediate and High Risk Endometrial Cancer. A Feasibility Study
Authors: Izquierdo Nuria Sánchez , Vidal-Sicart Sergi , Campos Francisco , Torné Aureli , Angeles Martina Aida , Migliorelli Federico , Munmany Meritxell , Saco Adela , Diaz-Feijoo Berta , Glickman Ariel , Ordi Jaume , Perissinotti Andrés , Pino Marta del , Paredes Pilar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Indocyanine green (ICG) is frequently used for the detection of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in gynecology, but it carries the loss of the presurgical SLN mapping provided by [99mTc]-based colloids. Hybrid tracers such as ICG-[99mTc] Tc-albumin nanocolloid combine the benefits of both components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and applicability of this hybrid tracer injected by transvaginal ultrasound-guided myometrial injection of radiotracer (TUMIR) approach in the detection of SLNs in patients with intermediate- and high-risk EC. Methods: Fifty-two patients with intermediate- and high-risk EC underwent SLN biopsy after injection of a hybrid tracer using the TUMIR approach, followed by pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. SLNs were detected preoperatively by lymphoscintigraphic study and intraoperatively by gamma probe and near-infrared (NIR) optical laparoscopic camera. Results: Preoperative lymphatic drainage was obtained in 69% and intraoperative detection in 71.4% of patients. A total of 146 SLNs (4.17 SLNs/patient) were biopsied. Pelvic bilateral detection was observed in 57% of the women and paraaortic drainage in 34% of the patients. The radioactive component allowed the detection of SLN in 97.1% of the patients, while the fluorescent component detected 80%. In more than 17% of the patients with intraoperative detection, SLNs were detected only by the radioactive signal. Lymph node metastasis were identified in 14.3% of patients submitted to SLNB. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for metastatic involvement were 100%. Conclusion: TUMIR injection of a hybrid tracer in patients with intermediate- and high- risk EC combines the benefits of the radiotracer and the fluorescence methods with a single tracer. The method increases the paraaortic detection rate and allows a potential increase in SLN detection. Notwithstanding, based on our findings, the radioactive component of the hybrid tracer cannot be obviated.
Efficacy of TSPO ligands on neuronal damage mediated by LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial activation
Authors: ma baoyu , Liu Yongxin , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhenjiang , Zhang Zhihao , Liu Jie , Juan Zhaodong , Sun Xiaotong , Sun Lina , Feng Jinpeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is an important pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. Alleviating the inflammatory response caused by activated microglia might be a valuable treatment. The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), as a marker of neuroinflammation, is significantly elevated in activated microglia. But the function of TSPO in microglia has not been well demonstrated.
Methods

In this study, we evaluated the role of TSPO and its ligands in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia involving mitophagy pathway and the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Then, in the microglia-neuron co-culture system, the neurotoxicity induced by LPS-activated microglia and the neuroprotective effects of TSPO ligands were evaluated.
Results

Our results showed that after stimulated by LPS, TSPO expression was increased, meanwhile the expression of autophagy associated proteins were decreased in BV-2 microglia cells, but the reduction was reversed by pretreatment with PK11195 and Midazolam. Simultaneously, the NLRP3 inflammasome were increased in LPS activated BV-2 microglia in Transwell co-culture system, pretreatment with TSPO ligands could curb this undesirable situation. Furthermore, TSPO ligands improved the cell viability and reduced apoptosis of neuronal cells in co-culture system.
Conclusions

TSPO ligands PK11195 and Midazolam showed neuroprotective effects by reducing the inflammatory response of LPS-activated microglia, which may be related to the enhancement of mitophagy and the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Association Between Antibiotics Use and Diabetes Incidence: A Nationally Representative Cohort Among Koreans
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Park Young Jun , Chang Jooyoung , Choi Seulggie , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Kim Kyaehyung , Oh Yunhwan , Park Sang Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that antibiotics could lead to diabetes, even after adjusting for confounding variables. This study aimed to determine the association between antibiotic use and diabetes incidence in a nationally representative cohort.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adults aged 40 years or older who were enrolled in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. (NHIS-HEALS). Antibiotic exposure was assessed from 2002 to 2005 and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus was determined based on diagnostic codes and history of antidiabetic medication use from 2006 to 2015. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between antibiotic use and diabetes incidence.ResultsThe mean age of the 201,459 study subjects was 53.2 years. People who used antibiotics for 90 or more days had a higher risk of diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.26) compared to non-users. Those who used five or more classes of antibiotics had a higher risk of diabetes than those who used one antibiotic class (aHR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.23). ConclusionThe clear dose-dependent association between antibiotics and diabetes incidence emphasized the need for antibiotic stewardship and judicious prescription of antibiotics.
Exercise Preconditioning to Improve Myocardial Ischemia Tolerance Via the NO-PKC-KATP Signaling Pathway
Authors: Peng Fenglin , Gan Chunlong , Liu Ting , Lv YuHu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Exercise preconditioning (EP) has a similar effect on ischemic preconditioning. Yet the specific endogenous trigger substance, intermediary substance and effect substance involved in EP have yet to be fully defined.Methods: 32 SD rats were divided into four groups: group A (control sham operation group); group B (control ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model group); group C (train and I/R model group); and group D (train, inhibitor, and I/R model group). Rat model of acute endurance exercise was established. Then, in vivo I/R experiment and index test of the serum myocardial enzymes, the heart functions, Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions and NOS and PKC protein expressions were carried out.Results: Compared with the A group, the heart function of the B group decreased significantly, and the serum myocardial enzymes increased significantly. Compared with the B group, the C group had less heart function decline and less myocardial injury. Injection L-NAME attenuated the cardioprotection induced by exercise preconditioning. B group's PKC protein expression was higher than the A group's; the C group's PKC protein expression was significantly higher than the B group's, and the D group's PKC protein expression was significantly lower than the C group's. In addition, the B group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were higher than the A group's; the C group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were significantly higher than the B group's, and the D group's Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 gene expressions were significantly lower than the C group's.Conclusions: Moderate intensity endurance exercise can induce a cardioprotective effect on I/R myocardium. Exercise preconditioning induces myocardial protective function via the NO-PKC-KATP signaling pathway.
Pandemic Metric with Confidence (PMC) Model to Predict Trustworthy Probability of Utilized COVID-19 Pandemic Trajectory across the Global
Authors: Zuo Zhengkang , Yan Lei , Zhao Hongying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Lots of works aim to reveal the driving factors of COVID-19 pandemic trajectory yet ignore the confidence of utilized trajectory data, making consequent results suspicious. Hereby, we proposed a pandemic metric with confidence (PMC) model in the hypothesis of Bernoulli Distribution of nine trajectories reported from 113 countries. Results exhibit the average confidence of trajectories across the global not in excess of 12.1% with the error threshold configuration of 1E-5. In contrast, the 95% high confidence setting also failed to predict the trajectory containing the acceptable error not beyond 1E-3. Thus, a proposed trade-off strategy between two contradictory expections (>50% confidence, <1E-3 error) supports 61% of investigated countries to predict the varying trajectory with confidence beyond 50%. Moreover, PMC model recommend the remanent 39% countries to extend the proportion of populaces in COVID-19 detecting-pool to a suggested-value (>1% of populations), ensuing the average confidence up to 70%.
New Mineral Names,
Authors: Belakovskiy Dmitriy I. , Uvarova Yulia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In this issue
This New Mineral Names has entries for 11 new species, including 7 minerals of jahnsite group: jahnsite-(NaMnMg), jahnsite-(NaMnMn), jahnsite-(CaMnZn), jahnsite-(MnMnFe), jahnsite-(MnMnMg), jahnsite-(MnMnZn), and whiteite-(MnMnMg); lasnierite, manganflurlite (with a new data for flurlite), tewite, and wumuite.
Rationale Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Isatin Analogues as Antiseizure Agents
Authors: Firke Sandip , Cheke Rameshwar , Ugale Vinod , Khadse Saurabh , Gagarani Manish , Bari Sanjay , Surana Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Epilepsy is one of the most common and devastating neurological diseases
affecting about 1% of the world’s population at any time. Herein, we have reported rationale design and
synthesis of 5-acetyl-3-((4-substitutedphenyl)imino)indolin-2-one analogues 3(a-k) as antiseizure
agents.

Objective:
These analogues were designed as four component pharmacophoric model by clubbing
structural fragments of potent antiepileptic drugs. The Aim of this study is to synthesize structurally
designed isatin analogues and screen them for anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity.

Methods:
The compound 3d have exhibited good anticonvulsant activity in preclinical seizure models
with better toxicity profile when compared to standard drugs (3d: ED50 = 31.5 mg/kg, MES test;
ED50 = 37.4 mg/kg, scPTZ test; TD50 = 384.3 mg/kg,). Compound 3d have also shown good binding
affinity at crucial amino acids of GluN1 subunit of NMDAR (Docking score = -9.30) and fit
adequately in the cavity of the receptor (Amino acids involved and H-bonding distance = GLY93:
acetyl >C=O, 2.38Å; PHE92: acetyl >C=O, 2.22Å; and THR26: >C=O of isatin, 1.71Å). Results of
molecular docking supported the structural features present over isatins to persuade potent
antiseizure activity.

Results:
The compound 3d have exhibited good anticonvulsant activity in preclinical seizure models
with better toxicity profile when compared to standard drugs (3d: ED50 = 31.5 mg/kg, MES test;
ED50 = 37.4 mg/kg, scPTZ test; TD50 = 384.3 mg/kg,). Compound 3d have also shown good binding
affinity at crucial amino acids of GluN1 subunit of NMDAR (Docking score = -9.30) and fit
adequately in the cavity of the receptor (Amino acids involved and H-bonding distance = GLY93:
acetyl >C=O, 2.38Å; PHE92: acetyl >C=O, 2.22Å; and THR26: >C=O of isatin, 1.71Å). Results of
molecular docking supported the structural features present over isatins to persuade potent
antiseizure activity.

Conclusion:
Rationale designing strategy, in-vivo pharmacological profile, and computational
studies make us anticipate the emergence of these molecules as novel antiseizure agents, which can
be further explored to develop probes for the treatment of epilepsy.