bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Cheung Wing‐Hoi , Li Jie , Chow Simon Kwoon‐Ho , Yu Jun , Wong Sunny Hei , Ip Margaret , Sung Joseph Jao Yiu , Wong Ronald Man Yeung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota dysbiosis and sarcopenia commonly occur in the elderly. Although the concept of the gut–muscle axis has been raised, the casual relationship is still unclear. This systematic review analyses the current evidence of gut microbiota effects on muscle/sarcopenia.MethodsA systematic review was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using the keywords (microbiota* OR microbiome*) AND (sarcopen* OR muscle). Studies reporting the alterations of gut microbiota and muscle/physical performance were analysed.ResultsA total of 26 pre‐clinical and 10 clinical studies were included. For animal studies, three revealed age‐related changes and relationships between gut microbiota and muscle. Three studies focused on muscle characteristics of germ‐free mice. Seventy‐five per cent of eight faecal microbiota transplantation studies showed that the recipient mice successfully replicated the muscle phenotype of donors. There were positive effects on muscle from seven probiotics, two prebiotics, and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten studies investigated on other dietary supplements, antibiotics, exercise, and food withdrawal that affected both muscle and gut microbiota. Twelve studies explored the potential mechanisms of the gut–muscle axis. For clinical studies, 6 studies recruited 676 elderly people (72.8 ± 5.6 years, 57.8% female), while 4 studies focused on 244 young adults (29.7 ± 7.8 years, 55.4% female). The associations of gut microbiota and muscle had been shown in four observational studies. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fermented milk, caloric restriction, and exercise in six studies displayed inconsistent effects on muscle mass, function, and gut microbiota.ConclusionsAltering the gut microbiota through bacteria depletion, faecal transplantation, and various supplements was shown to directly affect muscle phenotypes. Probiotics, prebiotics, SCFAs, and bacterial products are potential novel therapies to enhance muscle mass and physical performance. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains restored age‐related muscle loss. Potential mechanisms of microbiome modulating muscle mainly include protein, energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, inflammation level, neuromuscular junction, and mitochondrial function. The role of the gut microbiota in the development of muscle loss during aging is a crucial area that requires further studies for translation to patients.
Process analytical technique (PAT) miniaturization for monoclonal antibody aggregate detection in continuous downstream processing
Authors: São Pedro Mariana N , Klijn Marieke E , Eppink Michel HM , Ottens Marcel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe transition to continuous biomanufacturing is considered the next step to reduce costs and improve process robustness in the biopharmaceutical industry, while also improving productivity and product quality. The platform production process for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is eligible for continuous processing to lower manufacturing costs due to patent expiration and subsequent growing competition. One of the critical quality attributes of interest during mAb purification is aggregate formation, with several processing parameters and environmental factors known to influence antibody aggregation. Therefore, a real‐time measurement to monitor aggregate formation is crucial to have immediate feedback and process control and to achieve a continuous downstream processing. Miniaturized biosensors as an in‐line process analytical technology tool could play a pivotal role to facilitate the transition to continuous manufacturing. In this review, miniaturization of already well‐established methods to detect protein aggregation, such as dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy and circular dichroism, will be extensively evaluated for the possibility of providing a real‐time measurement of mAb aggregation. The method evaluation presented in this review shows which limitations of each analytical method still need to be addressed and provides application examples of each technique for mAb aggregate characterization. Additionally, challenges related to miniaturization are also addressed, such as the design of the microfluidic chip and the microfabrication material. The evaluation provided in this review shows why the development of microfluidic biosensors is considered the key for real‐time measurement of mAb aggregates and how it can contribute to the transition to a continuous processing. © 2021 The Authors.Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Genetic drift in the genome of SARS COV‐2 and its global health concern
Authors: Bano Iqra , Sharif Mehmoona , Alam Sadia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the current coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) occurred in late 2019 and quickly spread all over the world. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) belongs to a genetically diverse group that mutates continuously leading to the emergence of multiple variants. Although a few antiviral agents and anti‐inflammatory medicines are available, thousands of individuals have passed away due to emergence of new viral variants. Thus, proper surveillance of the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome is needed for the rapid identification of developing mutations over time, which are of the major concern if they occur specifically in the surface spike proteins of the virus (neutralizing analyte). This article reviews the potential mutations acquired by the SARS‐CoV2 since the pandemic began and their significant impact on the neutralizing efficiency of vaccines and validity of the diagnostic assays.
Rapid evidence synthesis approach for limits on the search date: How rapid could it be?
Authors: Xu Chang , Ju Ke , Lin Lifeng , Jia Pengli , Kwong Joey S. W. , Syed Asma , Furuya‐Kanamori Luis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRapid reviews have been widely employed to support timely decision‐making, and limiting the search date is the most popular approach in published rapid reviews. We assessed the accuracy and workload of search date limits on the meta‐analytical results to determine the best rapid strategy. The meta‐analyses data were collected from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). We emulated the rapid reviews by limiting the search date of the original CDSR to the recent 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 7, 5, and 3 years, and their results were compared to the full meta‐analyses. A random sample of 10% was drawn to repeat the literature search by the same timeframe limits to measure the relative workload reduction (RWR). The relationship between accuracy and RWR was established. We identified 21,363 meta‐analyses of binary outcomes and 7683 meta‐analyses of continuous outcomes from 2693 CDSRs. Our results suggested that under a maximum tolerance of 5% and 10% on the bias of magnitude, a limit on the recent 20 years can achieve good accuracy and at the same time save the most workload. Under the tolerance of 15% and 20% on the bias, a limit on the recent 10 years and 15 years could be considered. Limiting the search date is a valid rapid method to produce credible evidence for timely decisions. When conducting rapid reviews, researchers should consider both the accuracy and workload to make an appropriate decision.
Bioactive peptides identified from enzymatic hydrolysates of sturgeon skin
Authors: Gui Meng , Gao Liang , Rao Lei , Li Pinglan , Zhang Ying , Han Jia‐Wei , Li Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies demonstrate that fish byproducts can be used as sources of bioactive peptides for functional foods. Sturgeon skin contains abundant proteins but it has commonly been discarded during sturgeon processing. The objective of the present work was to identify and characterize the bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysates of sturgeon skin.RESULTSSturgeon skin protein extract (SKPE) hydrolyzed by flavourzyme for 60 min exhibited high antioxidant activity, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The sequences of peptides from flavourzyme hydrolysates were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gly‐Asp‐Arg‐Gly‐Glu‐Ser‐Gly‐Pro‐Ala (P1) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC50 = 1.93 mmol L−1). Gly‐Pro‐Ala‐Gly‐Glu‐Arg‐Gly‐Glu‐Gly‐Gly‐Pro‐Arg (P11) (DPP‐IV IC50 = 2.14 mmol L−1) and Ser‐Pro‐Gly‐Pro‐Asp‐Gly‐Lys‐Thr‐Gly‐Pro‐Arg (P12) (DPP‐IV IC50 = 2.61 mmol L−1) exhibited the strongest DPP‐IV inhibitory activity. Gly‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐Ala‐Asp‐Gly‐Gln‐Ala‐Gly‐Ala‐Lys (P6) displayed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (ACE IC50 = 3.77 mmol L−1). The molecular docking analysis revealed that DPP‐IV inhibition of P11 and P12 are mainly attributed to hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, whereas ACE inhibition of P6 is mainly attributed to strong hydrogen bonds.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that SKPE hydrolysates generated by flavourzyme are potential sources of bioactive peptides that could be used in the health food industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Hemodynamic Monitoring After Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Pigs Using Contrast Ultrasound‐Derived Parameters
Authors: Shin Samuel S. , Sridharan Anush , Khaw Kristina , Hallowell Thomas , Morgan Ryan W. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Hwang Misun 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesWe explore the correlation of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters to intracranial pressure (ICP) in a porcine experimental model of pediatric cardiac arrest.MethodsEleven pediatric pigs underwent electrically induced cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ICP was measured using intracranial bolt monitor and CEUS was monitored through a cranial window. Various CEUS parameters were monitored at baseline, immediately post return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 1 hour‐post ROSC, and 3 hours post‐ROSC.ResultsThere was significant ICP correlation with wash‐out slope assessed by CEUS time intensity curve analysis at immediate post‐ROSC. At 3 hours post‐ROSC there was also significant negative correlation between ICP and peak enhancement which may be due to the evolution of anoxic injury.ConclusionThe use of CEUS in assessing disruption of cerebral hemodynamics and ICP post cardiac arrest will need future validation and comparison to other imaging modalities. The correlation between CEUS parameters and ICP may be due to the alterations in cerebral autoregulation that result from anoxic brain injury.
Probing and Imaging Photonic Spin‐Orbit Interactions in Nanostructures
Authors: Cui Tong , Sun Lin , Bai Benfeng , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotonic spin‐orbit interactions (PSOIs) in nanostructures have attracted much interest in nanophotonics, which provide a new paradigm to enhance light‐matter interactions and engineer the wavefronts of light on demand at the nanoscale. Many striking phenomena and functionalities, such as the photonic (quantum) spin‐Hall effect and the spin‐vortex conversion, have been demonstrated. Besides their underlying physics and manifestations, the experimental probing and imaging of PSOIs are also of great importance and highly demanded in not only the fundamental research but also the development of emerging PSOI technologies. Hence, in this review, the state‐of‐the‐art studies on the experimental observations and detections of PSOIs are systematically reviewed, including both the far‐field and near‐field methods. The respective advantages and difficulties of each method are stated and analyzed. The perspectives in probing PSOIs are also discussed.
Stretchable, Antifreezing, Non‐Drying, and Fast‐Response Sensors Based on Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Signal Detection
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ma Chang , Huang Ling‐Zhi , Guo Wen‐Yan , Li Dan‐Dan , Bian Jing , Ma Ming‐Guo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConductive hydrogels have received widespread attention in the applications of biosensors, human–machine interface, and health recording electrodes. Herein, the conductive hydrogels integrated with antifreezing, water retention, reusable, and sensing performances are fabricated by introducing polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanofibril, MXene nanosheets, and glycerol. The as‐prepared hydrogels present prominent electrical conductivity (2.58 mS cm−1) and flexibility even at −18 °C. In addition, the hydrogels have favorable water retention performance and can reuse after heating and cooling. When used as sensors, the hydrogels illustrate high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.30), fast response time (0.165 s), wide working strain range (559%), favorable linearity (R2 = 0.999), and wide operating temperature range (−18 to 60 °C). The hydrogels can detect not only large strains of 10–200%, but also small strains of 1–5%, making them promising candidates for wearable sensors to monitor large and subtle movements.
Photonic Particles Made by the Confined Self‐Assembly of a Supramolecular Comb‐Like Block Copolymer
Authors: Moriceau Guillaume , Kilchoer Cédric , Djeghdi Kenza , Weder Christoph , Steiner Ullrich , Wilts Bodo D. , Gunkel Ilja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApproaches that enable the preparation of robust polymeric photonic particles are of interest for the development of nonfading and highly reflective pigments for applications such as paints and display technologies. Here, the preparation of photonic particles that display structural color in both, aqueous suspension and the dry solid state is reported. This is achieved by exploiting the confined self‐assembly of a supramolecular comb‐like block copolymer (BCP) that microphase separates into a well‐ordered lamellar morphology with dimensions that promote a photonic bandgap in the visible range. The comb‐like BCP is formed by robust ionic interactions between poly(styrene‐b‐4‐vinyl‐pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) BCP and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), which selectively interacts with P4VP blocks. The components are combined in chloroform, and an aqueous emulsion is prepared. Evaporation of the organic solvent leads to the formation of solid microparticles with an onion‐like 3D morphology. These photonic pigments display brilliant colors with reflectance spectra featuring pronounced optical bandgaps across the entire visible wavelength range with a peak reflectivity of 80–90%.
Real‐time 3D motion estimation from undersampled MRI using multi‐resolution neural networks
Authors: Terpstra Maarten L. , Maspero Matteo , Bruijnen Tom , Verhoeff Joost J.C. , Lagendijk Jan J.W. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose: To enable real‐time adaptive magnetic resonance imaging–guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) by obtaining time‐resolved three‐dimensional (3D) deformation vector fields (DVFs) with high spatiotemporal resolution and low latency ( ms).Theory and Methods: Respiratory‐resolved ‐weighted 4D‐MRI of 27 patients with lung cancer were acquired using a golden‐angle radial stack‐of‐stars readout. A multiresolution convolutional neural network (CNN) called TEMPEST was trained on up to 32 retrospectively undersampled MRI of 17 patients, reconstructed with a nonuniform fast Fourier transform, to learn optical flow DVFs. TEMPEST was validated using 4D respiratory‐resolved MRI, a digital phantom, and a physical motion phantom. The time‐resolved motion estimation was evaluated in‐vivo using two volunteer scans, acquired on a hybrid MR‐scanner with integrated linear accelerator. Finally, we evaluated the model robustness on a publicly‐available four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) dataset.Results: TEMPEST produced accurate DVFs on respiratory‐resolved MRI at 20‐fold acceleration, with the average end‐point‐error mm, both on respiratory‐sorted MRI and on a digital phantom. TEMPEST estimated accurate time‐resolved DVFs on MRI of a motion phantom, with an error mm at 28 undersampling. On two volunteer scans, TEMPEST accurately estimated motion compared to the self‐navigation signal using 50 spokes per dynamic (366 undersampling). At this undersampling factor, DVFs were estimated within 200 ms, including MRI acquisition. On fully sampled CT data, we achieved a target registration error of mm without retraining the model.Conclusion: A CNN trained on undersampled MRI produced accurate 3D DVFs with high spatiotemporal resolution for MRIgRT.
Wall shear stress mapping for human femoral artery based on ultrafast ultrasound vector Doppler estimations
Authors: Wang I.‐Chieh , Huang Hsin , Chang Wei‐Ting , Huang Chih‐Chung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeWall shear stress (WSS), a type of friction exerted on the artery wall by flowing blood, is considered a crucial factor in atherosclerotic plaque development. Currently, achieving a reliable WSS mapping of an artery noninvasively by using existing imaging modalities is still challenging. In this study, a WSS mapping based on vector Doppler flow velocity estimation was proposed to measure the dynamic WSS on the human femoral artery.MethodsBecause ultrafast ultrasound imaging was used here, flow‐enhanced imaging was also performed to observe the moving blood flow condition. The performance of WSS mapping was verified using both straight (8 mm in diameter) and stenosis (70% of stenosis) phantoms under a pulsatile flow condition. A human study was conducted from five healthy volunteers.ResultsExperimental results demonstrated that the WSS estimation was close to the standard value that was obtained from maximum velocity estimation in straight phantom experiments. In a stenosis phantom experiment, a low WSS region was observed at a site downstream of an obstruction, which is a high‐risk area for plaque formation. Dynamic WSS mapping was accomplished in measurement in the femoral artery bifurcation. In measurements, the time‐averaged WSS of the common femoral artery, superficial femoral artery, and deep femoral artery was 0.52± 0.19, 0.44 ± 0.21, and 0.29 ± 0.16 Pa, respectively, for the anterior wall and 0.29 ± 0.11, 0.54 ± 0.24, and 0.23 ± 0.10 Pa, respectively, for the posterior wall.ConclusionsAll results indicated that WSS mapping has the potential to be a useful tool for vessel duplex scanning in the future.
Meshless physics‐informed deep learning method for three‐dimensional solid mechanics
Authors: Abueidda Diab W. , Lu Qiyue , Koric Seid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep learning (DL) and the collocation method are merged and used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) describing structures' deformation. We have considered different types of materials: linear elasticity, hyperelasticity (neo‐Hookean) with large deformation, and von Mises plasticity with isotropic and kinematic hardening. The performance of this deep collocation method (DCM) depends on the architecture of the neural network and the corresponding hyperparameters. The presented DCM is meshfree and avoids any spatial discretization, which is usually needed for the finite element method (FEM). We show that the DCM can capture the response qualitatively and quantitatively, without the need for any data generation using other numerical methods such as the FEM. Data generation usually is the main bottleneck in most data‐driven models. The DL model is trained to learn the model's parameters yielding accurate approximate solutions. Once the model is properly trained, solutions can be obtained almost instantly at any point in the domain, given its spatial coordinates. Therefore, the DCM is potentially a promising standalone technique to solve PDEs involved in the deformation of materials and structural systems as well as other physical phenomena.
Coexistence of Sjögren's syndrome and bilateral ranulas: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Koma Yoshiro , Fujimoto Takehiro , Sakai Kiyoshi , Sugimura Yukiko , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Hibi Hideharu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSjögren's syndrome and ranulas are relatively frequently occurring diseases. However, when they occur simultaneously, its clinical features and pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report a patient with bilateral ranulas. Magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis revealed a “salt and pepper” appearance in bilateral parotid glands, leading a diagnosis of asymptomatic Sjögren's syndrome. She was successfully treated with excision of the left sublingual gland and sclerotherapy. A literature review suggests that this coexistence may not be very rare. In addition, it may be characterized by a high prevalence of bilateral ranulas.
LeTID mitigation via an adapted firing process in p‐type PERC cells from SMART cast‐monocrystalline, Czochralski and high‐performance multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Maischner Felix , Maus Stephan , Greulich Johannes , Lohmüller Sabrina , Lohmüller Elmar , Saint‐Cast Pierre , Ourinson Daniel , Vahlman Henri , Hergert Karin , Riepe Stephan , Glunz Stefan , Rein Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we analyse passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC), based on wafers made from seed manipulation for artificially controlled defects technique (SMART) monocrystalline silicon, magnetically grown and conventional Czochralski (mCz and Cz) silicon, and high‐performance multicrystalline (hpm) silicon. All wafers were processed identically except for the hpm wafers, which received an acidic texture instead of random pyramids. The energy conversion efficiencyηof the SMART cells of 21.4 %is similar to the mCz cells (21.5 %) while being more thanhigher than for the hpm cells. Furthermore, we here show for the first time that light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID) is mitigated in hpm, Cz and SMART PERC cells without significant losses in initial efficiency by an adapted fast‐firing process, incorporating slower firing ramps that can be used in industrial production. The cells that are fired with these ramps show no significant efficiency loss () during LeTID testing at 75°C and 0.15 suns illumination for 1100 h, while the reference fast‐firing process results in efficiency losses ofdue to LeTID. For Cz cells that have been treated to regenerate the boron–oxygen defect prior to LeTID testing, the maximum degradation was reduced fromto.