bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Readmission after Early Postpartum Discharge during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gulersen Moti , Husk Gregg , Lenchner Erez , Blitz Matthew J. , Rafael Timothy J. , Rochelson Burton , Chakravarthy Shruti , Grunebaum Amos , Chervenak Frank A. , Fruhman Gary , Jones Monique De Four , Schwartz Benjamin , Nimaroff Michael , Bornstein Eran 
Published: December 2021

Objective To determine whether early postpartum discharge during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with a change in the odds of maternal postpartum readmissions.
Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of uncomplicated postpartum low-risk women in seven obstetrical units within a large New York health system. We compared the rate of postpartum readmissions within 6 weeks of delivery between two groups: low-risk women who had early postpartum discharge as part of our protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1–June 15, 2020) and similar low-risk patients with routine postpartum discharge from the same study centers 1 year prior. Statistical analysis included the use of Wilcoxon's rank-sum and chi-squared tests, Nelson–Aalen cumulative hazard curves, and multivariate logistic regression.
Results Of the 8,206 patients included, 4,038 (49.2%) were patients who had early postpartum discharge during the COVID-19 pandemic and 4,168 (50.8%) were patients with routine postpartum discharge prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rates of postpartum readmissions after vaginal delivery (1.0 vs. 0.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–1.45) and cesarean delivery (1.5 vs. 1.9%; adjusted OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.29–1.45) were similar between the two groups. Demographic risk factors for postpartum readmission included Medicaid insurance and obesity.
Conclusion Early postpartum discharge during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with no change in the odds of maternal postpartum readmissions after low-risk vaginal or cesarean deliveries. Early postpartum discharge for low-risk patients to shorten hospital length of stay should be considered in the face of public health crises.
Key Points
Left Atrial Myxoma and Antiphospholipid Syndrome—A Case Report
Authors: Meter Mijo , Meter Diana , Ceprnja Toni , Perkovic Dijana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCardiac myxoma (CM) is the most frequent type of primary cardiac neoplasm and is responsible for 58 to 80% of primary cardiac tumors. The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) occurs most commonly in the systemic lupus erythematosus but it can be also found in other conditions. The coexistence of CM and APS is rarely described in the literature. We report an unusual case of the left atrial myxoma and concomitant APS in a female patient who presented with right-sided hemiplegia. Although rare, we must think about the CM in patients with a newly diagnosed APS and left atrial mass. Nevertheless, we must make a distinction from other possible cardiac structures, especially atrial thrombus. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most frequently used initial imaging modality to detect CM. The aim of this case report was to emphasize that additional imaging modalities and multidisciplinary approach are mandatory in making a proper diagnosis and to choose a further treatment strategy.
A Comparison of the Flipped Classroom Model for Medical Student Education in Ophthalmology before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yom Kelly H. , Diel Ryan J. , Kemp Pavlina S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a shift of medical education to online learning in lieu of traditional clinic-based rotations. The flipped classroom model, which has been shown to be an effective approach to the medical student ophthalmology curriculum, shows promise as a method of learning that can be shared virtually. As such, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a flipped classroom approach to the primary care-focused ophthalmology clerkship delivered entirely online in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods Medical students who completed the 2-week introductory clinical ophthalmology clerkship from July 2019 to July 2020 were included in this study. The curriculum centers on a flipped classroom model and was delivered in person prior to March 2020, after which it transitioned to an online format for 5 months. A survey was administered to students completing this rotation, which utilized 6-point Likert scales to assess students' interest in the field of ophthalmology, perceptions of the flipped classroom curriculum, and confidence in evaluating ophthalmic complaints. The cohort that completed in-person learning was then compared with the cohort that completed online learning.
Results A total of 112 responding students were included in our analysis, with 68/82 students from the in-person cohort and 44/66 students in the online cohort responding to the survey. Students who participated in the online virtual clerkship were equally likely to feel comfortable evaluating eye complaints than those who participated in the in-person clerkship, and more likely to report that the course enhanced their interest in ophthalmology. However, online students were less likely to feel comfortable using the direct ophthalmoscope compared with those in the in-person cohort.
Conclusion Regardless of its mode of delivery, the flipped classroom model is able to impart confidence in evaluating ophthalmic complaints and interest in the field of ophthalmology to medical students. While online learning can never serve as a full replacement for learning physical examination skills and other important clinical experiences, there are aspects of the virtual flipped classroom that do not compromise student's learning and engagement and may be implemented into curricula even after clinical activities are allowed to resume.
ECO-spotting: looking for extremely compact objects with bosonic fields
Authors: Cardoso Vitor , Macedo Caio F B , Maeda Kei-ichi , Okawa Hirotada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Black holes are thought to describe the geometry of massive, dark compact objects in the Universe. To further support and quantify this long-held belief requires knowledge of possible, if exotic alternatives. Here, we wish to understand how compact can self-gravitating solutions be. We discuss theories with a well-posed initial value problem, consisting in either a single self-interacting scalar, vector or both. We focus on spherically symmetric solutions, investigating the influence of self-interacting potentials into the compactness of the solutions, in particular those that allow for flat-spacetime solutions. We are able to connect such stars to hairy black hole solutions, which emerge as a zero-mass black hole. We show that such stars can have light rings, but their compactness is never parametrically close to that of black holes. The challenge of finding black hole mimickers to investigate full numerical-relativity binary setups remains open.
Adaptive surface geometry determination in multi-material x-ray computed tomography using fringe projection
Authors: Großeheide Jonas , Geiger Kilian , Schmidt Ânderson , Bütow Calvin , Montavon Benjamin , Schmitt Robert H 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the main challenges during digital post-processing of x-ray computed tomography (XCT) measurement data is the reconstruction of the surface geometry of the measured objects. Conventionally, the surface geometry is defined as an isosurface with identical greyscale values or via gradient-based surface geometry determination. However, these approaches are susceptible to measurement artefacts. Due to the complex surface geometry and rough surface, XCT measurements of additively manufactured (AM) parts are particularly prone to measurement artefacts caused by various physical effects when the x-rays penetrate the material. The irregular greyscale values at the measured surface geometry render commonly used single threshold greyscale value based isosurfaces as insufficient for representing the external and internal surface of the measured objects. This issue becomes particularly apparent when measuring multi-material objects, such as additively manufactured polymer objects with integrated radio-frequency identification tags. To address this challenge, this study presents a methodology for reliable surface geometry determination of XCT data based on previously acquired fringe projection (FP) data. For this purpose, the conventionally acquired surfaces geometries from the XCT and FP measurements are extracted, pre-processed and registered to each other before being merged into a single mesh. This merged data set is subsequently used as a starting point or reference for a locally adaptive threshold surface geometry determination algorithm, which is able to capture the surface geometry at a sub-voxel resolution. In order to validate the methodology and confirm the envisaged benefits, selected geometry elements of the resulting surface geometry from measurements samples manufactured by additive manufacturing with integrated RIFD tags are compared to coordinate measurement machine reference measurements. The results indicate a more robust surface geometry detection against artefacts especially for multi-material applications where the x-ray absorbance of the inner material is higher than the absorbance of the outer material. In summary, the main result is a systematic approach to merge FP and XCT data, in order to combine the advantages of both techniques, which leads to an artefact-reduced surface geometry determination for multi-material applications and a reduction of deviations from reference measurements compared to conventional methods by nearly 35%.
On the combined flow and structural measurements via robotic volumetric PTV
Authors: M A Mitrotta Francesco , Sodja Jurij , Sciacchitano Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study describes a novel measurement approach for combined flow and structural measurements in wind tunnels using robotic volumetric particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). The measurement approach is based on the application of a particle tracking algorithm on images including flow or structure tracers, where the latter are implemented by means of fiducial markers. The main steps of the measurement procedure comprise the simultaneous acquisition of flow and structure tracers in the same images, the distinction of the tracers leading to separate flow and structure image sets, the application of Lagrangian particle tracking and the further post-processing, and recombination of the obtained data. The approach is applied to the fluid-structure interaction between a flexible plate with a span of 1.2 m and a periodic gust. The total measurement volume amounts approximately to 150 liters. A phase-averaged description of the FSI problem is presented, with the focus on the effects of the spatio-temporal averaging of the flow information. The structural displacements obtained from the PTV system are validated against a scanning vibrometer. The phase-averaged displacement of the markers is also analyzed, assessing both the validity of the phase-averaged approach and the physical coherence of their motion with respect to a structural model of the plate. It is found that robotic volumetric PTV is suitable for the measurement of large-scale structural displacements, while it should not be used to measure small-scale vibrations. Finally, a visualization of the combined measurement is presented, together with an analysis of the consistency between the measured structure and flow field.
Ultrasound-based sensors for respiratory motion assessment in multimodality PET imaging
Authors: Madore Bruno , Belsley Gabriela , Cheng Cheng-Chieh , Preiswerk Frank , Kijewski Marie Foley , Wu Pei-Hsin , Martell Laurel B , Pluim Josien P W , Di Carli Marcelo , Moore Stephen C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Breathing motion can displace internal organs by up to several cm; as such, it is a primary factor limiting image quality in medical imaging. Motion can also complicate matters when trying to fuse images from different modalities, acquired at different locations and/or on different days. Currently available devices for monitoring breathing motion often do so indirectly, by detecting changes in the outline of the torso rather than the internal motion itself, and these devices are often fixed to floors, ceilings or walls, and thus cannot accompany patients from one location to another. We have developed small ultrasound-based sensors, referred to as ‘organ configuration motion’ (OCM) sensors, that attach to the skin and provide rich motion-sensitive information. In the present work we tested the ability of OCM sensors to enable respiratory gating during in vivo PET imaging. A motion phantom involving an FDG solution was assembled, and two cancer patients scheduled for a clinical PET/CT exam were recruited for this study. OCM signals were used to help reconstruct phantom and in vivo data into time series of motion-resolved images. As expected, the motion-resolved images captured the underlying motion. In Patient #1, a single large lesion proved to be mostly stationary through the breathing cycle. However, in Patient #2, several small lesions were mobile during breathing, and our proposed new approach captured their breathing-related displacements. In summary, a relatively inexpensive hardware solution was developed here for respiration monitoring. Because the proposed sensors attach to the skin, as opposed to walls or ceilings, they can accompany patients from one procedure to the next, potentially allowing data gathered in different places and at different times to be combined and compared in ways that account for breathing motion.
Design of JL-CFET (junctionless complementary field effect transistor)-based inverter for low power applications
Authors: Lee Sumi , Choi Yejoo , Won Sang Min , Son Donghee , Baac Hyoung Won , Shin Changhwan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Junctionless complementary field effect transistor (JL-CFET) is an emerging device that needs a small layout area and low fabrication cost. However, in order for the JL-CFET to be adopted for low power applications, two main constraints need to be overcome: (a) a high work function of metal gate and (b) a low drain current. In this work, an optimal device design is proposed to overcome those problems, by analyzing various performance metrics, such as on-state drive current, subthreshold swing, drain induced barrier lowering, propagation delay time, and ring oscillator’s oscillation frequency, which are extracted from various structures of JL-CFET. In addition, the negative capacitance effect in JL-CFET is examined to address the limit from device structures.
Impact of the gamma and neutron attenuation behaviors on the functionally graded composite materials
Authors: Gökmen Uğur , Özkan Zübeyde , Bilge Ocak Sema 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of the AA6082 + TiO2 (0–50 wt%) functionally graded composite materials (FGCMs) were investigated using the PSD software. The values of the mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), tenth-value layer (TVL), exposure buildup factors (EBF), effective atomic number (Z

eff
), effective conductivity (C

eff
), and fast neutron removal cross-sections (FNRC) were found for the energy range between 0.015–15 MeV. The increase in the TiO2 content in the AA6082 composite material has raised the values of MAC and LAC. The calculations for the EBFs were carried out using the G-P fitting method for the energy range between 0.015–15 MeV and penetration depth of up to 40 mfp. The results revealed that HVL values ranged between 0.01–0.116 cm, TVL values ranged between 0.01–0.385 cm, FNRC values ranged between 7.918–10.017 cm−1, and C

eff
values ranged between 5.67 × 1010 and 9.85 × 1010 S m−1. The AA6082 + TiO2 (50%) composite material was observed to provide the maximum photon and neutron shielding capacity since it offered the highest Z

eff
, MAC, and FNRC values, and the lowest HVL value. In terms of several aspects, the research is considered original. Besides contributing to several technologies including nanotechnology and space technologies, present research’s results may contribute to nuclear technology.
Determine the Physical Mechanism and Source Region of Beat Wave Modulation by Changing the Frequency of HF Waves
Authors: Guo Zhe , Fang Hanxian , Honary Farideh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach for the determination of the source region of BW (beat wave) modulation. This type of modulation is achieved by transmitting HF continuous waves with a frequency difference of f, where f is the frequency of modulated ELF/VLF (extremely low frequency/very low frequency) waves from two sub-arrays of a high power HF transmitter. Despite the advantages of BW modulation in terms of generating more stable ELF/VLF signal and high modulation efficiency, there exists a controversy on the physical mechanism of BW and its source region. In this paper, the two controversial theories, i.e. BW based on D-E region thermal nonlinearity and BW based on F region ponderomotive nonlinearity are examined for cases where each of these two theories exists exclusively or both of them exist simultaneously. According to the analysis and the simulation results presented in this paper, it is found that the generated VLF signal amplitude exhibits significant variation as a function of HF frequency in different source regions. Therefore, this characteristic can be utilised as a potential new approach to determine the physical mechanism and source location of BW.
Lifetime measurement of a particular deep crack failure on a flat-type divertor mockup under cyclic high heat flux loading conditions
Authors: Huang Shenghong , Pan Zhiwei , Jiang Menglai , Zhao Kai , Su Yong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plasma facing components are key to enduring high heat flux (HHF) loading from high-temperature plasma in nuclear fusion reactors. Understanding their thermal-mechanical behavior and cracking failure mechanisms related to structural designs and fabrication technologies during HHF loading is of great significance for improving their servicing performance and R&D (research and development) levels. In this study, a particular deep cracking failure process on the tungsten layer of a flat-type divertor mockup during 1800 cycles of 10 MW m−2 HHF loadings is completely monitored and measured with a special improved digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It is found that the DIC measurement under the HHF loading environment is improved successfully to capture fine deformation and strain fields with a spatial resolution less than 0.35 mm so that field strain on a 1 mm thick copper interlayer and deep crack initiation at several microns scale on the tungsten layer are measured out. Based on both full field and local strain and displacement measurements of the target divertor mockup, the thermal mechanical behaviors from deformation to crack initiation and propagation are successfully measured and traced. It is revealed that for the baseline copper interlayer design of a flat-type divertor mockup, the accumulation of plastic strain in the copper interlayer during ratcheting damage induces enough tensile stress on the tungsten layer during HHF cycles, leading to cracking and fracture failures even in its elastic state earlier than the copper LCF lifetime. Current Structural Design Criteria for ITER In-Vessel Components rules fail to cover this kind of ratcheting cracking failure mode in the design stage. New design models or mechanical validation rules to resolve this design blind spot should be established in the future.
Direct cross-section measurement of 13C(α,n)16O in the s-process Gamow peak
Authors: Balibrea-Correa J. , Ciani G. F. , Csedreki L. , Best A. , Formicola A. , Imbriani G. , Leva A. Di , Junker M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main neutron source for the slow neutron capture process in low mass Asymptotic Giant Branch stars is the 13C(α,n)16O reaction. This reaction is responsible for the production of half of the natural heavy elements in the Universe. Up to now, no direct measurements have reached the energy region of interest for astrophysics, the so called Gamow window, which lies between 140 and 230 keV in the center of mass. In this paper we describe the experiment carried out at the LUNA experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and present first preliminary results.
Study of Ξ−-atom based on the ΞN interaction from QCD on lattice
Authors: Inoue Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report our preliminary theoretical study on Ξ−-atom based on a ΞN interaction extracted from QCD on lattice. First, we study ΞN interaction in nuclear matter. Then, we make a Ξ-nucleus potential in a simple folding procedure. We study Ξ−-60Ni system as an example, and find that energy levels of the atom are shifted downward due to the ΞN interaction.
PMSG in ewes: A Practical and Efficient Step for Superovulation
Authors: Somanjaya R , Fuah A M , Rahayu S , Setiadi MA , Abdullah L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ewes have a prolific nature, but in reality, the average number of lambs (litter size) is still around 120%. The application of the PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophyn) hormone aims as a superovulation agent for obtaining twins in one birth. PMSG is a non-pituitary gonadotrophyn hormone that has the same function as FSH ((Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone) which stimulates follicular and ovulation growth. Various methods of applying the PMSG hormone to the ewes were quite diverse and produced different responses. Which method is considered the most practical and efficient is the main topic in this paper. Details of the discussion in this paper include the nature and biochemical characteristics of PMSG, the performance of PMSG as a superovulation agent, the comparison of PMSG with other reproductive hormones to the superovulation response in ruminants, and the impact of PMSG on superovulation in ewes.