bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient–physician conversations about life-sustaining treatment: Treatment preferences and participant assessments
Authors: Tuesen Lone Doris , Bülow Hans-Henrik , Ågård Anne Sophie , Strøm Sverre Maintz , Fromme Erik , Jensen Hanne Irene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn 2019, the Danish parliament issued legislation requiring Danish physicians to clarify and honor seriously ill patients’ treatment preferences. The American POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) document could be a valuable model for this process. The aim of the study was to examine patients' preferences for life-sustaining treatment and participant assessment of a Danish POLST form.MethodsThe study is a prospective intervention based on a pilot-tested Danish POLST form. Participant assessments were examined using questionnaire surveys. Patients with serious illness and/or frailty from seven hospital wards, two general practitioners, and four nursing homes were included. The patients and their physicians completed the POLST form based on a process of shared decision-making.ResultsA total of 95 patients (aged 41–95) participated. Hereof, 88% declined cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 83% preferred limited medical interventions or comfort care, and 74% did not require artificial nutrition. The preferences were similar within age groups, genders, and locations, but with a tendency toward younger patients being more in favor of full treatment and nursing home residents being more in favor of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Questionnaire response rates were 69% (66/95) for patients, 79% (22/28) for physicians, and 31% (9/29) for nurses. Hereof, the majority of patients, physicians, and nurses found that the POLST form was usable for conversations and decision-making about life-sustaining treatment to either a high or very high degree.Significance of resultsThe majority of seriously ill patients did not want a resuscitation attempt and opted for selected treatments. The majority of participants found that the Danish POLST was usable for conversations and decisions about life-sustaining treatment to either a high or a very high degree, and that the POLST form facilitated an opportunity to openly discuss life-sustaining treatment.
The Politics of Women's Presence on High Courts: Bias and the Conditional Nature of Cultivating Legitimacy
Authors: Shortell Christopher , Valdini Melody E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile we know that women's presence in the legislature positively impacts how citizens view the institution, little is known about the impact of women's presence on the legitimacy of high courts. We argue that despite differences in public expectations for courts, women's presence on the high court does impact citizen perceptions of legitimacy. However, this effect is dependent on both the level and the type of bias held by citizens. That is, when a person feels hostile bias toward women, the bias disrupts the potential legitimacy that the court could gain. On the other hand, we argue that benevolent sexism does not trigger any change in how citizens view the high court in a democracy. Using evidence from an experiment, we find that the presence of women on the high court has a strong positive impact on citizen perceptions of court legitimacy, though not among those with hostile gender bias.
The potentials of heresthetic and rhetoric in an open framing situation: theory and evidence from a survey experiment
Authors: Körösényi András , Patkós Veronika , Plesz Bendegúz , Susánszky Pál 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo win a policy debate, political actors may apply two analytically distinct counterframing strategies, rhetoric and heresthetic. Rhetoric is when counterarguments are formulated in the original dimension of the debate, while heresthetic is using arguments in a different dimension compared to the original frame. Although both rhetoric and heresthetic are ubiquitous phenomena in the process of public opinion formation, there are no general rules to specify their efficacy. Drawing on a survey experiment carried out in Hungary in 2020 (N = 2000), this paper uncovers the factors determining the effect of the two strategies. Introducing a conceptual distinction between open and trade-off framing situations, the paper demonstrates that the structure of the situation matters. While heresthetic has a robust effect in trade-off framing situations, rhetoric may have a strong impact in open framing situations. Moreover, the effectiveness of counterframing depends on the party affiliation of respondents and the strength of their related attitudes.
Properties of Plasmoids Observed in Saturn's Dayside and Nightside Magnetodisc
Authors: Xu Y. , Guo R. L. , Yao Z. H. , Pan D. X. , Dunn W. R. , Ye S.‐Y. , Zhang B. , Sun Y. X. , Wei Y. , Coates A. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlasmoid is a key structure for transferring magnetic flux and plasma in planetary magnetospheres. At Earth, plasmoids are key media which transfer energy and mass in the “Dungey Cycle.” For giant planets, plasmoids are primarily generated by the dynamic processes associated with “Vasyliunas cycle.” It is generally believed that planetary magnetotails are favorable for producing plasmoids. Nevertheless, recent studies reveal that magnetic field lines could be sufficiently stretched to allow magnetic reconnection in Saturn's dayside magnetodisc. In the study, we report direct observations of plasmoids in Saturn's dayside magnetodisc for the first time. Moreover, we perform a statistical investigation on the global plasmoid electron density distribution. The results show an inverse correlation between the nightside plasmoid electron density and local time, and the maximum plasmoid electron density around prenoon local time on the dayside. These results are consistent with the magnetospheric circulation picture associated with the “Vasyliunas cycle.”
Performance of Earth Troposphere Calibration Measurements With the Advanced Water Vapor Radiometer for the Juno Gravity Science Investigation
Authors: Buccino D. R. , Kahan D. S. , Parisi M. , Paik M. , Barbinis E. , Yang O. , Park R. S. , Tanner A. , Bryant S. , Jongeling A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe performance of an atmospheric water vapor radio path delay measurement and correction is reported using observations of the Juno Spacecraft during gravity field mapping of Jupiter. The Juno Gravity Science instrument measures the Doppler shift on the radio signals between the Juno spacecraft and the Earth‐based observing stations of NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) during times of closest approach to Jupiter in order to map Jupiter's gravity field. These Doppler measurements are affected by noise sources between the spacecraft and DSN which include charged particles plasma and Earth's troposphere. A pair of redundant Advanced Water Vapor Radiometers (AWVR) co‐located at the DSN's DSS‐25 antenna in Goldstone, CA measure the brightness temperatures at the 22.2, 23.8 and 31.4 GHz spectral lines for water vapor content in Earth's atmosphere. The measurements of water vapor content are reduced into a measurement of radio path delay, which provides high‐precision calibrations of tropospheric noise on the radio links. Analyses of AWVR measurements show that spacecraft tracking errors, after removing other measurable errors from charged particles, are reduced by 46% on average and by as much as 70%, depending on local weather conditions near the Goldstone site.
Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair
Authors: Tang Shuxian , Dong Zhiyun , Ke Xiang , Luo Jun , Li Jianshu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms and pathways of biomineralization provide inspiration for designing and constructing materials to repair hard tissues. In particular, the formation processes of minerals can be partly replicated by utilizing bioinspired artificial materials to mimic the functions of biomolecules or stabilize intermediate mineral phases involved in biomineralization. Here, we review recent advances in biomineralization-inspired materials developed for hard tissue repair. Biomineralization-inspired materials are categorized into different types based on their specific applications, which include bone repair, dentin remineralization, and enamel remineralization. Finally, the advantages and limitations of these materials are summarized, and several perspectives on future directions are discussed.
Measuring adherence to antihypertensive medication using an objective test in older adults attending primary care: cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheppard James P. , Albasri Ali , Gupta Pankaj , Patel Prashanth , Khunti Kamlesh , Martin Una , McManus Richard J. , Hobbs F. D. Richard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnalysis of urine samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has previously revealed high rates of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication. It is unclear whether these rates represent those in the general population. This study aimed to investigate whether it is feasible to collect urine samples in a primary care setting and analyse them using LC-MS/MS to detect non-adherence to antihypertensive medication. This study used a prospective, observational cohort design. Consecutive patients were recruited opportunistically from five general practices in UK primary care. They were aged ≥65 years with hypertension and had at least one antihypertensive prescription. Participants were asked to provide a urine sample for analysis of medication adherence. Samples were sent to a laboratory via post and analysed using LC-MS/MS. Predictors of adherence to medication were explored with multivariable logistic regression. Of 349 consecutive patients approached for the study, 214 (61.3%) gave informed consent and 191 (54.7%) provided a valid urine sample for analysis. Participants were aged 76.2 ± 6.6 years and taking a median of 2 antihypertensive medications (IQR 1–3). A total of 27/191 participants (14.2%) reported not taking all of their medications on the day of urine sample collection. However, LC-MS/MS analysis of samples revealed only 4/27 (9/191 in total; 4.7%) were non-adherent to some of their medications. Patients prescribed more antihypertensive medications were less likely to be adherent (OR 0.24, 95%CI 0.09–0.65). Biochemical testing for antihypertensive medication adherence is feasible in routine primary care, although non-adherence to medication is generally low, and therefore widespread testing is not indicated.
Calcium imaging reveals depressive- and manic-phase-specific brain neural activity patterns in a murine model of bipolar disorder: a pilot study
Authors: Chen Min , Tian Hongjun , Huang Guoyong , Fang Tao , Lin Xiaodong , Shan Jianmin , Cai Ziyao , Chen Gaungdong , Chen Suling , Chen Ce , Ping Jing , Cheng Langlang , Chen Chunmian , Zhu Jingjing , Zhao Feifei , Jiang Deguo , Liu Chuanxin , Huang Guangchuan , Lin Chongguang , Zhuo Chuanjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBrain pathological features during manic/hypomanic and depressive episodes in the same patients with bipolar disorder (BPD) have not been described precisely. The study aimed to investigate depressive and manic-phase-specific brain neural activity patterns of BPD in the same murine model to provide information guiding investigation of the mechanism of phase switching and tailored prevention and treatment for patients with BPD. In vivo two-photon imaging was used to observe brain activity alterations in the depressive and manic phases in the same murine model of BPD. Two-photon imaging showed significantly reduced Ca2+ activity in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in the depression phase in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), but not in the manic phase in mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine. Total integrated calcium values correlated significantly with immobility times. Brain Ca2+ hypoactivity was observed in the depression and manic phases in the same mice exposed to CUMS and ketamine relative to naïve controls. The novel object recognition preference ratio correlated negatively with the immobility time in the depression phase and the total distance traveled in the manic phase. With recognition of its limitations, this study revealed brain neural activity impairment indicating that intrinsic emotional network disturbance is a mechanism of BPD and that brain neural activity is associated with cognitive impairment in the depressive and manic phases of this disorder. These findings are consistent with those from macro-imaging studies of patients with BPD. The observed correlation of brain neural activity with the severity of depressive, but not manic, symptoms need to be investigated further.
“Real-life” data of the efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin in relapsed multiple myeloma—the Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Vaxman I. , Abeykoon J. , Dispenzieri A. , Kumar S. K. , Buadi F. , Lacy M. Q. , Dingli D. , Hwa Y. , Fonder A. , Hobbs M. , Reeder C. , Sher T. , Hayman S. , Kourelis T. , Warsame R. , Muchtar E. , Leung N. , Go R. , Gonsalves W. , Siddiqui M. , Kyle R. A. , Rajkumar S. V. , Kristen McCullough , Kapoor P. , Gertz M. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBelantamab mafodotin is a highly selective targeted therapy for multiple myeloma. It targets the B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on plasma cells and showed promising results in several randomized clinical trials. We report the outcomes of 36 patients treated at Mayo Clinic. Our cohort received a median of eight prior lines of therapy. Six patients received belantamab in combination with other medications (pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide), 13 patients (36%) were 70 years or older, two patients had a creatinine of >2.5 mg/dL, and one patient was on dialysis. All three patients with renal failure received full dose belantamab. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) therapy was used prior to belantamab in seven patients and none of them responded to belantamab therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) was 33% (CR 6%, VGPR 8%, PR 19%), like the ORR reported in the DREAMM-2 trial. Keratopathy developed in 16 patients (43%), grade 1 in six patients, grade 2 in seven patients, and grade 3 in three patients. Eight percent discontinued therapy due to keratopathy. The median PFS and OS was 2 months and 6.5 months, respectively.
Spatial-proteomics reveals phospho-signaling dynamics at subcellular resolution
Authors: Martinez-Val Ana , Bekker-Jensen Dorte B. , Steigerwald Sophia , Koenig Claire , Østergaard Ole , Mehta Adi , Tran Trung , Sikorski Krzysztof , Torres-Vega Estefanía , Kwasniewicz Ewa , Brynjólfsdóttir Sólveig Hlín , Frankel Lisa B. , Kjøbsted Rasmus , Krogh Nicolai , Lundby Alicia , Bekker-Jensen Simon , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Olsen Jesper V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDynamic change in subcellular localization of signaling proteins is a general concept that eukaryotic cells evolved for eliciting a coordinated response to stimuli. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in combination with subcellular fractionation can provide comprehensive maps of spatio-temporal regulation of protein networks in cells, but involves laborious workflows that does not cover the phospho-proteome level. Here we present a high-throughput workflow based on sequential cell fractionation to profile the global proteome and phospho-proteome dynamics across six distinct subcellular fractions. We benchmark the workflow by studying spatio-temporal EGFR phospho-signaling dynamics in vitro in HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse tissues. Finally, we investigate the spatio-temporal stress signaling, revealing cellular relocation of ribosomal proteins in response to hypertonicity and muscle contraction. Proteomics data generated in this study can be explored through https://SpatialProteoDynamics.github.io.
Improving the alkali metal electrode/inorganic solid electrolyte contact via room-temperature ultrasound solid welding
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Chen Jingjing , Wang Dajian , Mao Zhiyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe combination of alkali metal electrodes and solid-state electrolytes is considered a promising strategy to develop high-energy rechargeable batteries. However, the practical applications of these two components are hindered by the large interfacial resistance and growth of detrimental alkali metal depositions (e.g., dendrites) during cycling originated by the unsatisfactory electrode/solid electrolyte contact. To tackle these issues, we propose a room temperature ultrasound solid welding strategy to improve the contact between Na metal and Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) inorganic solid electrolyte. Symmetrical Na|NZSP | Na cells assembled via ultrasonic welding show stable Na plating/stripping behavior at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and a higher critical current density (i.e., 0.6 mA cm−2) and lower interfacial impedance than the symmetric cells assembled without the ultrasonic welding strategy. The beneficial effect of the ultrasound welding is also demonstrated in Na|NZSP | Na3V2(PO4)3 full coin cell configuration where 900 cycles at 0.1 mA cm−2 with a capacity retention of almost 90% can be achieved at room temperature.
Patterns of livestock depredation and Human–wildlife conflict in Misgar valley of Hunza, Pakistan
Authors: Bano Rubina , Khan Akbar , Mehmood Tahir , Abbas Saeed , Khan Muhammad Zafar , Shedayi Arshad Ali , Zaman Sher , Nawaz Muhammad Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThroughout the world, livestock predation by mammalian carnivores causes significant economic losses to poor farmers, and leads to human–wildlife conflicts. These conflicts result in a negative attitude towards carnivore conservation and often trigger retaliatory killing. In northern Pakistan, we investigated livestock depredation by large carnivores between 2014 and 2019, and subsequent Human–wildlife conflict, through questionnaire-based surveys (n = 100 households). We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count, and conservation approaches. We found a statistically significant increasing pattern of predation with influential factors such as age, gender, occupation, education of respondents, population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation efforts. Some 310 livestock heads with an average of 51 animals per year out of the total 9273 heads were killed by predators, and among them 168 (54%) were attributed to the wolf and 142 (45.8%) to snow leopard. Major threats to carnivores in the area included retaliatory killing, habitat destruction and climate change. Incentivization against depredation losses, guarded grazing and construction of predator-proof corral may reduce Human–wildlife conflict and both livelihood and predator can be safeguarded in the study area.
Disruptions to shared mental models from poor quality of service in collaborative virtual environments
Authors: Milef Nicholas , Ryason Adam , Qi Di , Alfred Samuel O. , Jackson Cullen D. , De Suvranu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollaborative virtual environments are being used in various applications ranging from online games to complex team training scenarios. The key to the success of such environments is the ability of the participants to form a shared mental model of the collaborative task being performed. Poor quality of service can deteriorate user performance and quality of experience, leading to a disruption of this mental model. While the effects of quality of service have been analyzed for traditional desktop environments, these effects remain unclear in collaborative virtual environments during user-to-user interactions. Here, we analyze the role of latency and packet bursts, two common problems in collaborative applications, on both simulator perception and actual task performance in a collaborative fire-fighting simulator. This exploratory study indicates that large latencies have a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the quality of experience, but not task performance. In contrast, packet bursts have a much larger impact on both the quality of experience and performance. Additionally, the network role, such as whether a user is a client or server, showed a significant (p < 0.05) impact on task performance in conditions impaired by packet bursts.
Increased rates of dispersal of free-ranging cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their global invasion
Authors: Shine Richard , Alford Ross A. , Blennerhasset Ryan , Brown Gregory P. , DeVore Jayna L. , Ducatez Simon , Finnerty Patrick , Greenlees Matthew , Kaiser Shannon W. , McCann Samantha , Pettit Lachlan , Pizzatto Ligia , Schwarzkopf Lin , Ward-Fear Georgia , Phillips Benjamin L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasions often accelerate through time, as dispersal-enhancing traits accumulate at the expanding range edge. How does the dispersal behaviour of individual organisms shift to increase rates of population spread? We collate data from 44 radio-tracking studies (in total, of 650 animals) of cane toads (Rhinella marina) to quantify distances moved per day, and the frequency of displacement in their native range (French Guiana) and two invaded areas (Hawai’i and Australia). We show that toads in their native-range, Hawai’i and eastern Australia are relatively sedentary, while toads dispersing across tropical Australia increased their daily distances travelled from 20 to 200 m per day. That increase reflects an increasing propensity to change diurnal retreat sites every day, as well as to move further during each nocturnal displacement. Daily changes in retreat site evolved earlier than did changes in distances moved per night, indicating a breakdown in philopatry before other movement behaviours were optimised to maximise dispersal.
Competition alters species’ plastic and genetic response to environmental change
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Gilarranz Luis J. , Altermatt Florian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpecies react to environmental change via plastic and evolutionary responses. While both of them determine species’ survival, most studies quantify these responses individually. As species occur in communities, competing species may further influence their respective response to environmental change. Yet, how environmental change and competing species combined shape plastic and genetic responses to environmental change remains unclear. Quantifying how competition alters plastic and genetic responses of species to environmental change requires a trait-based, community and evolutionary ecological approach. We exposed unicellular aquatic organisms to long-term selection of increasing salinity—representing a common and relevant environmental change. We assessed plastic and genetic contributions to phenotypic change in biomass, cell shape, and dispersal ability along increasing levels of salinity in the presence and absence of competition. Trait changes in response to salinity were mainly due to mean trait evolution, and differed whether species evolved in the presence or absence of competition. Our results show that species’ evolutionary and plastic responses to environmental change depended both on competition and the magnitude of environmental change, ultimately determining species persistence. Our results suggest that understanding plastic and genetic responses to environmental change within a community will improve predictions of species’ persistence to environmental change.