bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of age-selective vs non-selective physical-distancing measures against coronavirus disease 2019: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Ortega-Quijano Daniel , Ortega-Quijano Noe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a real possibility of successive COVID-19-epidemic waves with devastating consequences. In this context, it has become mandatory to design age-selective measures aimed at achieving an optimal balance between protecting public health and maintaining a viable economic activity.

Methods
We programmed a Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Removed (SEIR) model in order to introduce epidemiologically relevant age classes into the outbreak-dynamics analysis. The model was fitted to the official death toll and calculated age distribution of deaths in Wuhan using a constrained linear least-squares algorithm. Subsequently, we used synthetic location-specific and age-structured contact matrices to quantify the effect of age-selective interventions both on mortality and on economic activity in Wuhan. For this purpose, we simulated four different scenarios ranging from an absence of measures to age-selective interventions with stronger physical-distancing measures for older individuals.

Results
An age-selective strategy could reduce the death toll by &gt;30% compared with the non-selective measures applied during Wuhan’s lockdown for the same workforce. Moreover, an alternative age-selective strategy could allow a 5-fold increase in the population working on site without a detrimental impact on the death toll compared with the Wuhan scenario.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that age-selective-distancing measures focused on the older population could have achieved a better balance between COVID-19 mortality and economic activity during the first COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. However, the implications of this need to be interpreted along with considerations of the practical feasibility and potential wider benefits and drawbacks of such a strategy.
Assessing the role of genome-wide DNA methylation between smoking and risk of lung cancer using repeated measurements: the HUNT study
Authors: Sun Yi-Qian , Richmond Rebecca C , Suderman Matthew , Min Josine L , Battram Thomas , Flatberg Arnar , Beisvag Vidar , Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Guida Florence , Jiang Lin , Wahl Sissel Gyrid Freim , Langhammer Arnulf , Skorpen Frank , Walker Rosie M , Bretherick Andrew D , Zeng Yanni , Chen Yue , Johansson Mattias , Sandanger Torkjel M , Relton Caroline L , Mai Xiao-Mei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear if smoking-related DNA methylation represents a causal pathway between smoking and risk of lung cancer. We sought to identify novel smoking-related DNA methylation sites in blood, with repeated measurements, and to appraise the putative role of DNA methylation in the pathway between smoking and lung cancer development.MethodsWe derived a nested case-control study from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), including 140 incident patients who developed lung cancer during 2009–13 and 140 controls. We profiled 850 K DNA methylation sites (Illumina Infinium EPIC array) in DNA extracted from blood that was collected in HUNT2 (1995–97) and HUNT3 (2006–08) for the same individuals. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) were performed for a detailed smoking phenotype and for lung cancer. Two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the potential causal effect of smoking on DNA methylation as well as of DNA methylation (13 sites as putative mediators) on risk of lung cancer.ResultsThe EWAS for smoking in HUNT2 identified associations at 76 DNA methylation sites (P &lt; 5 × 10–8), including 16 novel sites. Smoking was associated with DNA hypomethylation in a dose-response relationship among 83% of the 76 sites, which was confirmed by analyses using repeated measurements from blood that was collected at 11 years apart for the same individuals. Two-step MR analyses showed evidence for a causal effect of smoking on DNA methylation but no evidence for a causal link between DNA methylation and the risk of lung cancer.ConclusionsDNA methylation modifications in blood did not seem to represent a causal pathway linking smoking and the lung cancer risk.
A rapid harmonic detection method for grid-connected photovoltaic when three-phase voltage is unbalanced
Authors: Wu Tiezhou , Wang An , Xu Yawen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By using power electronic devices, photovoltaic grid-connected power generation may inject harmonics into the power system. As the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has the same basic structure as the active power filter, so the unified control of the photovoltaic grid and active filtering can be achieved. When the current unified control system compensates harmonics of the grid side, it mainly uses ip-iq harmonic detection method, which is based on instantaneous reactive power theory. When the three-phase voltage is unbalanced, the method has a large voltage phase angle detection error and the signal of the low-pass filter tracking system is long, detection time delay and even failure occur. This paper proposes an improved fast harmonic detection method. When phase deviation or amplitude change occurs to the three-phase voltage, the positive and negative-sequence voltages are simultaneously park transformed. The negative-sequence component is filtered by the current average module to obtain the fundamental amount of the voltage, then the phase angle of the positive-sequence voltage is accurately calculated to improve the harmonic current detection accuracy. Through the study of the integral method, it is found that the least common multiple of each harmonic period can be used as the integral interval, and the integral value is also zero, so the detection delay time is reduced by replacing the low-pass filter with an integration module. The simulation results show that the proposed harmonic detection algorithm can accurately detect harmonics when the three-phase voltage is unbalanced, and about 0.057 s improve the harmonic detection speed compared with the commonly used ip-iq method.
Sky type classification for the ISO/CIE Standard General Skies: a proposal for a new approach
Authors: Alshaibani Khalid , Li Danny 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) Standard General Skies is a set of standard skies that can describe, mathematically, the distribution of the luminance of a sky. Since the introduction of such standard, several methods for sky type classification based on the ISO/CIE standard types have been proposed. However, each of these methods could lead to a different result. Based on sky luminance measurement and through sky type classification in Dammam city in Saudi Arabia, a new procedure is proposed that can help reach a more accurate result.
Derivative-free high-order uniformly accurate schemes for highly oscillatory systems
Authors: Chartier Philippe , Lemou Mohammed , Méhats Florian , Zhao Xiaofei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we address the computational aspects of uniformly accurate numerical methods for solving highly oscillatory evolution equations. In particular, we introduce an approximation strategy that allows the construction of arbitrary high-order methods using solely the right-hand side of the differential equation. No derivative of the vector field is required, while uniform accuracy is retained. The strategy is then applied to two different formulations of the problem, namely the two-scale and the micro–macro formulations. Numerical experiments on the Hénon–Heiles system, as well as on the Klein–Gordon equation and a Vlasov-type problem, confirm the validity of the new strategy.
Hodge-to-de Rham Degeneration for Stacks
Authors: Kubrak Dmitry , Prikhodko Artem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We introduce a notion of a Hodge-proper stack and apply the strategy of Deligne and Illusie to prove the Hodge-to-de Rham degeneration in this setting. In order to reduce the statement in characteristic $0$ to characteristic $p$, we need to find a good integral model of a stack (namely, a Hodge-proper spreading), which, unlike in the case of proper schemes, need not to exist in general. To address this problem, we investigate the property of spreadability in more detail by generalizing standard spreading out results for schemes to higher Artin stacks and showing that all proper and some global quotient stacks are Hodge-properly spreadable. As a corollary, we deduce a (noncanonical) Hodge decomposition of the equivariant cohomology for certain classes of varieties with an algebraic group action.
Susceptibility and Attenuated Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats
Authors: Bao Linlin , Song Zhiqi , Xue Jing , Gao Hong , Liu Jiangning , Wang Jie , Guo Qian , Zhao Binbin , Qu Yajin , Qi Feifei , Gong Shuran , Liu Mingya , Lv Qi , Li Dan , Han Yunlin , Zhao Wenjie , Deng Shoulong , Liu Yunpeng , Xiang Zhiguang , Yang Bochao , Deng Wei , Yu Haisheng , Cong Zhe , Wei Qiang , Xu Jianguo , Gao George F , Qin Chuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Domestic cats, an important companion animal, can be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This has aroused concern regarding the ability of domestic cats to spread the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019. We systematically demonstrated the pathogenesis and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in cats. Serial passaging of the virus between cats dramatically attenuated the viral transmissibility, likely owing to variations of the amino acids in the receptor-binding domain sites of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 between humans and cats. These findings provide insight into the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in cats and information for protecting the health of humans and cats.
Investigating Physical Interaction With Digital Data Through the Materialization of Email Handling
Authors: Kim Juntae , Self James A , Park Young-Woo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adopting a re-materialization approach, we designed and implemented an everyday interactive artifact that enables an individual to monitor and establish the reconfirmation time of email data. This device represents a new means of handling and interacting with email. To investigate the value of the materialization of email data through a daily interactive object, Maili, we conducted a 1-month field study with five participants in their work environments. The results showed that applying physicality to email handling helped to increase accessibility to and interest in the data, as well as in the reconfirmation function of email. Results also indicated the value of combining non-digital (the tray) with digital functions. By presenting the process of using the dematerialized data, our findings offer new insights into how we can materialize digital information in everyday tangible artifacts.
Bringing the Dead Home: Hindu Invitation Rituals in Tamil South India
Authors: Allocco Amy L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDrawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork carried out in Tamil-speaking South India, this article presents one Hindu invitation ritual to return dead relatives known as pūvāṭaikkāri to the world of the living and install them as household deities. This two-day ceremony demonstrates that prevailing scholarly perceptions of death and what follows it in Hindu traditions have constrained our ability to appreciate other models for ritual relationships between the living and the dead. These vernacular rituals call the dead back into the world, convince them to possess a human host, and persuade them to be permanently installed in the family’s domestic shrine so they may protect and sustain living kin. Rather than aiming to irrevocably separate the dead from the living, these rites are instead oriented toward eventual conjunction with the dead and therefore reveal a fundamentally different picture than that articulated in the majority of Hinduism’s sacred texts and scholarly accounts.
Discontinuous finite element method for efficient three-dimensional elastic wave simulation
Authors: Hong Chengyu , Wang Xuben , Zhao Gaishan , Xue Zhao , Deng Fei , Gu Qinping , Song Zhixiang , Yuan Liansheng , Meng Xiangbin , Liang Shuobo , Yang Shangqin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe existing discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method (FEM) for the numerical simulation of elastic wave propagation is primarily implemented in two dimensions. Here, a discontinuous FEM (DFEM) for efficient three-dimensional (3D) elastic wave simulation is presented. First, the velocity–stress equations of 3D elastic waves in isotropic media are transformed into first-order coefficient-changed partial differential equations. A DG discretisation method for wave field values on a unit boundary is then defined using the local Lax–Friedrichs flux format. The equations are first transformed into equivalent integral equations, and subsequently into a spatial semi-discrete ordinary differential equation system using a hierarchical orthogonal basis function. The DFEM is extended to an arbitrary high-order accuracy in the time domain using the exponential integrator technique and the explicit optimal strong-stability-preserving Runge–Kutta method. Finally, an efficient method for selecting the calculation area of the geometry of the current shot record is realised. For the computation, a multi-node parallelism with improved resource utilisation and parallelisation efficiency is implemented. The numerical results show that the proposed method can improve both the accuracy of the simulation and the efficiency of the calculation compared with existing methods.
An edge-assisted smooth method for potential field data
Authors: Zheng Shijing , Meng Xiaohong , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Edge detection is one of the most commonly used methods for the interpretation of potential field data, because it can highlight the horizontal inhomogeneous of underground geological bodies (faults, tectonic boundaries, etc.). A variety of edge detection methods have been reported in the literature, most of which are based on the combined transformation results of horizontal and vertical derivatives of the observations. Consequently, these edge detection methods are sensitive to noise. Therefore, noise reduction is desirable ahead of applying edge detection methods. However, the application of conventional filters smears discontinuities in the data to a certain extent, which would inevitably induce unfavourable influence on subsequent edge detection. To solve this problem, a novel edge-preserving smooth method for potential field data is proposed, which is based on the concept of guided filter developed for image processing. The new method substitutes each data point by a combination of a series of coefficients of linear functions. It was tested on synthetic model and real data, and the results showed that it can effectively smooth potential field data while preserving major structural and stratigraphic discontinuities. The obtained data from the new filter contain more obvious features of existing faults, which brings advantageous to further geological interpretations.
3D general-measure inversion of crosswell EM data using a direct solver
Authors: Wang Xuan , Shen Jinsong , Wang Zhigang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a three-dimensional (3D) general-measure inversion scheme of crosswell electromagnetic (EM) data in the frequency domain with a direct forward solver. In the forward problem, we discretised the EM Helmholtz equation by the staggered-grid finite difference (SGFD) scheme and solved it using the Intel MKL PARDISO direct solver. By applying a direct solver, we simultaneously solved the multisource forward problems at a given frequency. In the inversion, we integrated a general measure of data misfit and model constraints with linearised least-squares inversion. We reconstructed a model with blocky features by selecting the appropriate measure parameters and model constraints. We used the adjoint equation method to explicitly calculate the Jacobian matrix, which facilitated the determination of an appropriate initial value for the regularisation coefficient in the objective function. We illustrated the inversion scheme using synthetic crosswell EM data with a general measure, the L2 norm, and, specifically, two mixed norms.
Social–Emotional Functioning in Preschool-Aged Children With Cancer: Comparisons Between Children With Brain and Non-CNS Solid Tumors
Authors: Willard Victoria W , Gordon Mallorie L , Means Bethany , Brennan Rachel C , Conklin Heather M , Merchant Thomas E , Vinitsky Anna , Harman Jennifer L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives The preschool years (ages 4–6) are essential for the development of social–emotional skills, such as problem solving, emotion regulation, and conflict resolution. For children with cancer treated during this period, especially those with brain tumors, there are questions regarding the consequences of missed normative social experiences. The objective of this pilot study was to explore the social–emotional functioning of young children with brain tumors, as compared to those with non-CNS solid tumors, who have recently completed treatment.Methods Children with brain (n = 23) or solid tumors (n = 20) 4–6 years of age (5.42 ± 0.73 years; 60.5% male, 65.1% white) who were 8.21 (SD = 2.42) months post-treatment completed objective measures (Challenging Situations Task, NEPSY-II) of social functioning while a caregiver completed questionnaires (e.g., BASC-3, NIH Toolbox Emotion Measures).Results A large portion of the sample (brain tumor: 65.2%, solid tumor: 44.4%) fell in the clinical range on parent-report measures of peer interaction. There were no statistically significant differences between patient groups across measures, but effect sizes suggest youth with brain tumors potentially experienced more difficulties on some indices. All children were more likely to choose prosocial responses when presented with a challenging social situation where they were physically provoked (e.g., hit) versus socially provoked (e.g., left out).Conclusions Preschool-aged children with cancer may experience weaknesses in social functioning shortly after treatment, with youth with brain tumors potentially demonstrating greater concerns. Emphasizing social interaction is critical to ensure young children have the opportunity to develop critical social–emotional skills.
Solovay functions and paradoxes
Authors: Hsiung Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe use the truth predicate to replace the proof predicate in the Solovay functions. What we obtain is the Solovay–liar functions, a mixture of the Solovay function and the liar paradox. The Solovay–liar functions are defined on frames. We provide a sufficient and necessary condition of frames for deciding whether a Solovay–liar function leads to a paradox. Besides, we prove that all possible paradoxes generated from the Solovay–liar functions are a weakening of a paradox including the liar paradox in the sense that they have lower degrees of paradoxicality than the latter. Among such paradoxes, some are so radically different from all the known paradoxes that they cannot be characterized by the definitional equivalences in the same way as the known paradoxes are usually characterized. We also study other similar functions obtained by mixing Solovay functions with other paradoxes.
How are gamma-ray burst radio afterglows populated?
Authors: Zhang K , Zhang Z B , Huang Y F , Song L M , Zheng S J , Li X J , Li D , Su F F 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We systematically analyse two GRB samples with radio-loud and radio-quiet afterglows, respectively. It is interestingly found that the radio-selected GRB samples exhibit a clear dichotomy in terms of their distributions of intrinsic durations (Tint), isotropic energies in γ-rays (Eγ, iso), the circum-burst medium density (n), the spectral radio peak luminosity (Lν, p) and flux densities (Fhost) of host galaxies. On average, the values of Tint, Eγ, iso, n, Lν, p, and Fhost of radio-quiet GRBs are relatively smaller than those of radio-loud ones. However, the redshifts and host flux densities of both samples are similarly distributed. In addition, a positive power-law correlation of $L_{\nu ,p}\propto E_{\gamma ,\rm iso}^{0.41\pm 0.04}$ is found for the radio-loud sample, especially in accord with the supernova-associated GRBs, which is marginally consistent with that of the radio-quiet GRB sample. A negative correlation between Tint and z is confirmed to similarly hold for both radio-loud and radio-quiet GRBs. The dividing line between short and long GRBs in the rest frame is at Tint ≃1 s. Consequently, we propose that the radio-selected GRBs could be originated from distinct progenitors and central engines, together with environments.
A general framework to test gravity using galaxy clusters III: observable-mass scaling relations in f(R) gravity
Authors: Mitchell Myles A , Arnold Christian , Li Baojiu 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We test two methods, including one that is newly proposed in this work, for correcting for the effects of chameleon f(R) gravity on the scaling relations between the galaxy cluster mass and four observable proxies. Using the first suite of cosmological simulations that simultaneously incorporate both full physics of galaxy formation and Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity, we find that these rescaling methods work with a very high accuracy for the gas temperature, the Compton Y-parameter of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect and the X-ray analogue of the Y-parameter. This allows the scaling relations in f(R) gravity to be mapped to their Λ cold dark matter counterparts to within a few per cent. We confirm that a simple analytical tanh formula for the ratio between the dynamical and true masses of haloes in chameleon f(R) gravity, proposed and calibrated using dark-matter-only simulations in a previous work, works equally well for haloes identified in simulations with two very different – full-physics and non-radiative – baryonic models. The mappings of scaling relations can be computed using this tanh formula, which depends on the halo mass, redshift, and size of the background scalar field, also at a very good accuracy. Our results can be used for accurate determination of the cluster mass using SZ and X-ray observables, and will form part of a general framework for unbiased and self-consistent tests of gravity using data from present and upcoming galaxy cluster surveys. We also propose an alternative test of gravity, using the YX–temperature relation, which does not involve mass calibration.