bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of instantaneous likeability of advertisements using deep learning
Authors: Saha Dipayan , Rahman S.M.Mahbubur , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Ahmad M. Omair , Swamy M.N.S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe degree to which advertisements are successful is of prime concern for vendors in highly competitive global markets. Given the astounding growth of multimedia content on the internet, online marketing has become another form of advertising. Researchers consider advertisement likeability a major predictor of effective market penetration. An algorithm is presented to predict how much an advertisement clip will be liked with the aid of an end‐to‐end audiovisual feature extraction process using cognitive computing technology. Specifically, the usefulness of different spatial and time‐domain deep‐learning architectures such as convolutional neural and long short‐term memory networks is investigated to predict the frame‐by‐frame instantaneous and root mean square likeability of advertisement clips. A data set named the ‘BUET Advertisement Likeness Data Set’, containing annotations of frame‐wise likeability scores for various categories of advertisements, is also introduced. Experiments with the developed database show that the proposed algorithm performs better than existing methods in terms of commonly used performance indices at the expense of slightly increased computational complexity.
Accurate and efficient solution of electromagnetic scattering from randomly rough surface using MoM‐SMCG with adaptive quadrature
Authors: Du Yanlei , Yin Junjun , Li Xiang , Gao Fan , Yang Jian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn adaptive quadrature method is proposed and implemented with the full‐wave MoM‐SMCG to accurately and efficiently solve the electromagnetic scattering from randomly rough surfaces. Without using high‐order basis functions and dense surface discretisation, high numerical accuracy of computing the inner integrals for near‐field impedance matrix elements is ensured by exploiting the orthogonal Legendre polynomials. Far‐field interactions are calculated using the acceleration algorithms and the iterative solver to archive reasonable computational complexity and memory consumption. The proposed method is validated on solving the electromagnetic scattering and emission from rough ocean surfaces with fine‐scale roughness and large dielectric constants. By comparing to the existing methods, simulation results indicate the proposed method has high computational efficiency and memory saving with also maintaining good accuracy.
Sampling criteria for mutual over‐the‐air synchronisation of radar sensors
Authors: Dallmann Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSynchronisation of radar systems can be used to suppress interference and enable communication between radars. In this paper, a generalised Kuramoto model is proposed, which can be used to synchronise pulse repetition frequencies of two radars over‐the‐air. The generalised approach allows the adjustment of a sampling factor which influences the convergence of the two pulse repetition frequencies. Furthermore, sampling criteria are derived, which can be used to estimate whether convergence occurs. Finally, it is shown by means of simulation that the model together with the criteria allows to reliably predict convergence and to perform synchronisation.
Lightning protection of multi‐fracture arc‐quenching lightning protection gap for 35 kV distribution lines
Authors: Wu Dong , Wang Ju‐feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOwing to the low insulation level of 35 kV distribution lines, lightning outage accidents and huge economic losses occur frequently. Therefore, a multi‐fracture arc‐quenching lightning protection gap (MFALPG) for 35 kV distribution lines is developed to ensure the safety and stability of power supply. Here, the principle of MFALPG is presented through the electromagnetic self‐contraction effect and qualitative modelling theory. In order to investigate the coupling effect between high‐energy compressional waves and arcs, a mathematical model of airflow coupled arc was developed to simulate and analyse the arc‐quenching process. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the high‐energy compressional wave is triggered by the impulse arc rapidly, and the arc conductivity drops abruptly in a short time. Finally, a lightning impulse discharge test and the power frequency withstand voltage test are performed to determine the 35 kV power frequency continuous current interruption test parameters. Under the action of the MFAPLG, the entire time of arc duration is less than 3 ms, and reignition phenomenon of the arc is not found after the subsequent power frequency voltage is restored.
Vision‐based vehicle speed estimation: A survey
Authors: Fernández Llorca David , Hernández Martínez Antonio , García Daza Iván 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe need to accurately estimate the speed of road vehicles is becoming increasingly important for at least two main reasons. First, the number of speed cameras installed worldwide has been growing in recent years, as the introduction and enforcement of appropriate speed limits are considered one of the most effective means to increase the road safety. Second, traffic monitoring and forecasting in road networks plays a fundamental role to enhance traffic, emissions and energy consumption in smart cities, being the speed of the vehicles one of the most relevant parameters of the traffic state. Among the technologies available for the accurate detection of vehicle speed, the use of vision‐based systems brings great challenges to be solved, but also great potential advantages, such as the drastic reduction of costs due to the absence of expensive range sensors, and the possibility of identifying vehicles accurately. This paper provides a review of vision‐based vehicle speed estimation. The terminology and the application domains are described and a complete taxonomy of a large selection of works that categorizes all stages involved is proposed. An overview of performance evaluation metrics and available datasets is provided. Finally, current limitations and future directions are discussed.
Removing broadside null of symmetric long‐slot antennas by using a coating layer
Authors: Shahrbandian Mohaddeseh , Aliakbarian Hadi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study presents a new concept in the design of symmetric long‐slot leaky‐wave antennas. Theoretically, a radiation null in the broadside direction of these antennas exists. The main idea of this study is to use a cover or coating layer to convert this null to a peak in the radiation pattern. The presence of the coating on the slot not only changes the leaked mode of the waveguide but also rotates its polarisation by 90°. As a proof of concept, a relatively small long‐slot LWA is designed and fabricated on a C‐band WR‐159 waveguide, which is covered by an FR4 layer. The simulated relative broadside gain of the antenna with the coating over the antenna without the coating tends to infinity because of the presence of the null. Our simple measured results of the radiation pattern confirm the theory with more than 18 dB improvement. The realised gain of the antenna with a coating layer at broadside is 11.1 dBi with 9.8° half‐power beam‐width.
IoT focused VHF and UHF propagation study and comparisons
Authors: Wright D.P. , Ball E.A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs the market for internet of things (IoT) is growing and due to Ofcom's decision to reassign parts of the very high frequency (VHF) spectrum in the UK for IoT use, a propagation study has been conducted using the newly released VHF spectrum and the currently commercially operated ultra‐high frequency (UHF) spectrum, in order to compare and contrast the suitability of the VHF spectrum for IoT use. The authors conducted their study in a number of different environments (rural, suburban, urban and dense urban), with measurement equipment deployed in a manner suitable for a portable IoT use case. Results are presented in comparison to other propagation studies available in the literature and widely used propagation models such as the Hata model. Shadowing and noise are also measured and examined. It is found that current propagation models do not provide adequate predictions within the considered use case, but found it is possible to calculate log‐distance based models that provide good predictions. Path‐loss is found to be constantly lower at VHF than UHF, but radio frequency noise is consistently higher. The newly released spectrum is found to be suitable for IoT deployments in all the examined environments.
Experimental and simulation studies of radiation‐induced single event burnout in SiC‐based power MOSFETs
Authors: Peng Chao , Lei Zhifeng , Chen Ziwen , Yue Shaozhong , Zhang Zhangang , He Yujuan , Huang Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe single event burnout (SEB) effects of SiC power MOSFET are investigated by irradiations. An SEB is observed when drain biased above 400 V for 181Ta ion irradiation. The failure analysis shows a melting “hole” near the gate region due to the thermal runaway. Based on TCAD simulations, the impact ionization and parasitic bipolar are the key factors to trigger SEB in SiC MOSFET. Unlike the impact ionization, the turning on of the parasitic bipolar is not necessary for an SEB. But it will significantly reduce the threshold of SEB. Except for SEB, another permanent damage mode is also observed, which is manifested as the increase of leakage current and the abnormal of the output characteristics. This damage may be related to the latent track produced by heavy ion according to the failure analysis. The SEBs are observed for proton irradiations. The maximum LET value of the proton‐induced secondary ions can reach 13.9 MeV cm2/mg for 100 MeV proton. The simulations imply that most of the secondary ions can contribute to SEB. The biggest discrepancy from heavy ion irradiation is that no leakage current increases and output characteristics degradations are observed for the device without SEB after proton irradiation.
Ophthalmic Outpatient and Inpatient Care Under Pandemic Conditions: Hygiene, Triage and New Challenges
Authors: Hattenbach Lars-Olof , Feltgen Nicolas , Eter Nicole , Al-Nawaiseh Sami , Chronopoulos Argyrios 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The progression of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in the environment for outpatient and inpatient care in ophthalmology, with limitations on access to medical care but also new observations and challenges. We now describe major developments in recent months and provide an outlook on the expected consequences.
Methods PubMed literature search, clinical survey.
Results To date, the course of the COVID-19 pandemic has been characterised by several new but overall rare ocular manifestations, the ophthalmological shared management of COVID-19 patients on intensive care units, and a significant decrease in case numbers, associated with an increase in case severity and relative proportion of emergencies, as a result of delayed presentation of patients and reduced treatment adherence. With the introduction of hygiene measures and infection control procedures, ophthalmic patient care was maintained – including emergencies and urgent treatments. Due to the extensive postponement of elective surgeries, scarce therapeutic and health care professional resources, and the prioritisation of critically ill patients from other specialties, there is a reasonable likelihood that urgent treatments will be delayed as infection rates rise.
Conclusion Outpatient and inpatient care in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic is primarily accompanied by additional organisational or medical challenges and a decline in case volume. Although to date emergency and urgent ophthalmic treatments have been maintained, long-term persistence of pandemic conditions will require additional strategies to provide continuation of ophthalmic care at the required level.
A Systematic Review of Economic Aspects of Service Interventions to Increase Anticoagulation Use in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jones Nicholas R. , Crawford William , Yang Yaling , Hobbs F.D. Richard , Taylor Clare J. , Petrou Stavros 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective To systematically identify and appraise existing evidence surrounding economic aspects of anticoagulation service interventions for patients with atrial fibrillation.
Methods We searched the published and grey literature up to October 2019 to identify relevant economic evidence in any health care setting. A narrative-synthesis approach was taken to summarise evidence by economic design and type of service intervention, with costs expressed in pound sterling and valued at 2017 to 2018 prices.
Results A total of 13 studies met our inclusion criteria from 1,168 papers originally identified. Categories of interventions included anticoagulation clinics (n = 4), complex interventions (n = 4), decision support tools (n = 3) and patient-centred approaches (n = 2). Anticoagulation clinics were cost-saving compared with usual care (range for mean cost difference: £188–£691 per-patient per-year) with equivalent health outcomes. Only one economic evaluation of a complex intervention was conducted; case management was more expensive than usual care (mean cost difference: £255 per-patient per-year) and the probability of its cost-effectiveness did not exceed 70%. There was limited economic evidence surrounding decision support tools or patient-centred approaches. Targeting service interventions at high-risk groups and those with suboptimal treatment was most likely to result in cost savings.
Conclusion This review revealed some evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of anticoagulation clinics. However, summative conclusions are constrained by a paucity of economic evidence, a lack of direct comparisons between interventions, and study heterogeneity in terms of intervention, comparator and study year. Further research is urgently needed to inform commissioning and service development. Data from this review can inform future economic evaluations of anticoagulation service interventions.
Adherence to the ‘Atrial Fibrillation Better Care’ Pathway in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Impact on Clinical Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 285,000 Patients
Authors: Romiti Giulio Francesco , Pastori Daniele , Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Ding Wern Yew , Gue Ying Xuan , Menichelli Danilo , Gumprecht Jakub , Kozieł Monika , Yang Pil-Sung , Guo Yutao , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Proietti Marco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway has been recently proposed as a holistic approach for the comprehensive management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed a systematic review of current evidence for the use of the ABC pathway on clinical outcomes.
Methods and Results We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of ABC-pathway-adherent management in AF patients, and its impact on clinical outcomes (all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke, and major bleeding). Meta-analysis of odds ratio (OR) was performed with random-effects models; subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to account for heterogeneity. Among the eight studies included, we found a pooled prevalence of ABC-adherent management of 21% (95% confidence interval, CI: 13–34%), with a high grade of heterogeneity, explained by the increasing adherence to each ABC criterion. Patients treated according to the ABC pathway showed a lower risk of all-cause death (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.31–0.56), cardiovascular death (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.58), stroke (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37–0.82) and major bleeding (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51–0.94), with moderate heterogeneity. Prevalence of comorbidities was moderators of heterogeneity for all-cause and cardiovascular death, while longer follow-up was associated with increased effectiveness for all outcomes.
Conclusion Adherence to the ABC pathway was suboptimal, being adopted in one in every five patients. Adherence to the ABC pathway was associated with a reduction in the risk of major adverse outcomes.
Updates and Advances: Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infection Imaging Made Easier for Radiologists and Clinicians
Authors: Furman Michael S. , Restrepo Ricardo , Kritsaneepaiboon Supika , Laya Bernard F. , Plut Domen , Lee Edward Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfants and children often present with a wide range of musculoskeletal (MSK) infections in daily clinical practice. This can vary from relatively benign superficial infections such as cellulitis to destructive osseous and articular infections and life-threatening deep soft tissue processes such as necrotizing fasciitis. Imaging evaluation plays an essential role for initial detection and follow-up evaluation of pediatric MSK infections. Therefore, a clear and up-to-date knowledge of imaging manifestations in MSK infections in infants and children is imperative for timely and accurate diagnosis that, in turn, can result in optimal patient management. This article reviews an up-to-date practical imaging techniques, the differences between pediatric and adult MSK infections, the spectrum of pediatric MSK infections, and mimics of pediatric MSK infections encountered in daily clinical practice by radiologists and clinicians.
Sigma Metric Evaluation of Drugs in a Clinical Laboratory: Importance of Choosing Appropriate Total Allowable Error and a Troubleshooting Roadmap
Authors: Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Datta Rashmi Rasi , Sharma Neera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives Stringent quality control is an essential requisite of diagnostic laboratories to deliver consistent results. Measures used to assess the performance of a clinical chemistry laboratory are internal quality control and external quality assurance scheme (EQAS). However, the number of errors cannot be measured by the above but can be quantified by sigma metrics. The sigma scale varies from 0 to 6 with “6” being the ideal goal, which is calculated by using total allowable error (TEa), bias, and precision. However, there is no proper consensus for setting a TEa goal, and influence of this limiting factor during routine laboratory practice and sigma calculation has not been adequately determined. The study evaluates the impact of the choice of TEa value on sigma score derivation and also describes a detailed structured approach (followed by the study laboratory) to determine the potential causes of errors causing poor sigma score.
Materials and Methods The study was conducted at a clinical biochemistry laboratory of a central government tertiary care hospital. Internal and external quality control data were evaluated for a period of 5 months from October 2019 to February 2020. Three drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, and valproate) were evaluated on the sigma scale using two different TEa values to determine significant difference, if any.
Statistical Analysis Bias was calculated using the following formula: Bias% = (laboratory EQAS result − peer group mean) × 100 / peer group mean Peer group mean sigma metric was calculated using the standard equation: Sigma value = TEa − bias / coefficient of variation (CV)%.
Results Impressive sigma scores (> 3 sigma) for two out of three drugs were obtained with TEa value 25, while with TEa value 15, sigma score was distinctly dissimilar and warranted root cause analysis and corrective action plans to be implemented for both valproate and carbamazepine.
Conclusions The current study evidently recognizes that distinctly different sigma values can be obtained, depending on the TEa values selected, and using the same bias and precision values in the sigma equation. The laboratories should thereby choose appropriate TEa goals and make judicious use of sigma metric as a quality improvement tool.
The Pediatric Spine
Authors: Colafati Giovanna Stefania , Marrazzo Antonio , Cirillo Marco , d'Angelo Paola , Barbuti Domenico , Tanturri de Horatio Laura , Tomà Paolo , Bartoloni Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spine, a frequently investigated site in children, has a complex development in relation to both nervous and bone/cartilaginous structures and shows several particular features in children compared with adults. We report the main normal variants and pathologies of the pediatric spine, from the prenatal period to adolescence, focusing on a multimodality imaging approach.
Calcium Channels Genes and Their Epilepsy Phenotypes
Authors: Pulvirenti Giulio , Caccamo Martina , Lo Bianco Manuela , Mazzurco Marina , Praticò Elena R. , Giallongo Alessandro , Gangi Gloria , Zanghì Antonio , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) channel gene mutations play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological episodic disorders like epilepsy. CACNA1A and CACNA1H genes are involved in the synthesis of calcium channels. Mutations in the α1A subunit of the P/Q type voltage-gated calcium channel gene (CACNA1A) located in 19p13.13, which encodes for the transmembrane pore-forming subunit of CAV2.1 voltage-dependent calcium channel, have been correlated to a large clinical spectrum of epilepsy such as idiopathic genetic epilepsy, early infantile epilepsy, and febrile seizures. Moreover, CACNA1A mutations have been demonstrated to be involved in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, familiar hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, early-onset encephalopathy, and hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome. This wide phenotype heterogeneity associated with CACNA1A mutations is correlated to different clinical and electrophysiological manifestations. CACNA1H gene, located in 16p13.3, encodes the α1H subunit of T-type calcium channel, expressing the transmembrane pore-forming subunit Cav3.2. Despite data still remain controversial, it has been identified as an important gene whose mutations seem strictly related to the pathogenesis of childhood absence epilepsy and other generalized epilepsies. The studied variants are mainly gain-of-function, hence responsible for an increase in neuronal susceptibility to seizures. CACNA1H mutations have also been associated with autism spectrum disorder and other behavior disorders. More recently, also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been related to CACNA1H alterations. The aim of this review, other than describe the CACNA1A and CACNA1H gene functions, is to identify mutations reported in literature and to analyze their possible correlations with specific epileptic disorders, purposing to guide an appropriate medical treatment recommendation.
Optical Communication
Authors: Elliott Barry 
Published: May 2021

Optical Communication is a foundational reference covering the principles and applications of optics. The book offers a broad understanding of optics basics, the physics and mathematics behind the transmission of light, the devices that affect the passage of light, and the practical applications of optical theory in communications. It covers theoretical and practical applications of optical technology. The book demonstrates how the physics of optics translates into applications in telecommunications, optical communications in free space, and other media.
This book:Offers a practical guide to optics and its applications in communications complementing existing works on its theory.Addresses the work of international standards bodies such as the ITU and ISO in aligning the physics behind the subject and the availability of standard products that can implement modern high-speed communications networks.Provides introductory concepts for those new to the field as well as students and professionals.
This book is suitable for physicists, engineers, technicians, and chemists. Undergraduate students or anyone in the optical field who may need a grounding in associated applications or an early introduction to the field will find this book a valuable reference.