bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sellado de lesiones de caries dental no cavitadas: ensayo clínico aleatorio controlado
Authors: Luengo-Fereira Jesús Alberto , Zambrano-Palencia Olga Raquel , Rivera Luis Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del sellado de lesiones de caries dental no cavitadas. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico, aleatorio, doble ciego, controlado y diseño de boca dividida. Fueron seleccionados 262 primeros molares permanentes, en 74 niños con edad media de 7,47±0.8 años. Cada paciente tenía mínimo un par de primeros molares permanentes con lesiones bilaterales de caries dental códigos 1, 2 o 3 del Sistema Internacional de Detección y Valoración de Caries Dental. Se asignaron aleatoriamente a tres tipos de tratamiento, 1: vidrio ionomérico (3M ESPE Ketac Molar Easymix®), 2: Sellante resinoso (3M ESPE Climpro®), 3: vidrio ionomérico modificado con resina (3M ESPE Ketac® N100). La retención y progresión de caries dental fueron evaluadas. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS V15. Se utilizaron las pruebas Chi Cuadrado y Test de Fisher. Resultados: La tasa retención total de los tratamientos 1, 2 y 3 fue respectivamente: 51,7%, 43,4% y 26,4%; no obstante estas diferencias no fueron significativas. La incidencia de caries en los molares no sellados fue 31,8% y en los molares sellados con perdida completa del material 28,5%. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la progresión de las lesiones entre molares que reciben y los que no reciben tratamiento. Conclusiones: En este estudio, no se encontraron evidencias de diferencias en la retención y en la progresión de las lesiones selladas y no selladas, entre el vidrio ionomérico convencional de alta densidad, el sellante a base de resina y un vidrio ionomérico modificado con resina.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND SPERM RESERVES OF M'BORORO (Bos indicus) BULLS
Authors: Kwari H. D , Ogwuegbu S. O. 
Published: February 2021

Morphometric data of the reproductive organs and the gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves were determined in sexually mature M'bororo bulls. The mean body weight was 560±15.8kg and measured 175.8±4.3cm at the withers. The mean paired testes weight and scrotal circumference were 266.5±28.9g and 28.2±0.8cm, respectively. The body weight was significantly and positively corellated with the testicular sperm reserves (P<0.05). The paired testicular sperm reserves was 27.3±3.1 *109. The mean weights of the accessory gland were: Seminal Vesicles, 42.2±4g; ampullae, 12.4±2.0g;Prostate gland, 2.2±0.29g and 1.3±0.3g for the bulbourethral gland. The mean penis lenght was 80.9±2.9cm while the glans penis and the urethral process measured 3.1±0.1cm and 1.9±0.1cm, respectively
REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH FERMENTED THEVETIA CAKE IN LAYERS DIET: EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND NUTRIENT RETENTION
Authors: ADEYEMI O. A. , ADEYEMI A. A. 
Published: February 2021

80, Olympic laying hens that had been in lay for 20 weeks were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments and fed over a 10 week period. the birds were individually caged thus there were 16 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatment contained expeller pressed thevetia cake which had undergone anaerobiosis. The cake replaced soybean meal in the ratio of 0:1000, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 dietary treatments significantly decreased (P<0.05) feed intake, egg production, feed efficiency and egg weight. The treatment however had no effect (P>0.05) on weight gain, mortality and egg quality parameters. Egg production and average egg weight was however not affected by replacement up to 50:50 substitution ratio (P>0.05). Nitrogen and fat retention decreased (P<0.05) with increasing thevetia cake concentration, while fibre was not affected. It was concluded that fermented expeller pressed thevetia cake can replace up to 50% of the soybean in layers' diet
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RED SOKOTO AND WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED ON NATIVE PASTURES SUPPLEMENTED WITH CONCENTRATE RATION
Authors: OTUMA M.O. , OMEJE S. I. , ALAKU S. O. , OGAH F. 
Published: February 2021

Six Red Sokoto (RS) and six West African Dwarf goats (WAD) aged 12 months and housed individually were reared for five months at the Small Ruminants Improvement and Multiplication Research Unit of ESUT, Abakaliki Campus. The animals were allowed to graze in the University Paddocks containing both native and introduced pastures, browse plants and leguminous herbage. The grazing period lasted from 0800 - 1200 hours in the morning and 1500 - 1700 in afternoon daily and between these two periods they were fed supplemental diets. The results showed that there were highly significant difference amongst the members of the genotypes whose mean body weights were ranged from 24.71 $ 0.083 - 40.750 0.55 (RS) and from 14,98+ 0.47 - 27.52 0.73kg (WAD). The heights at the withers and body length measurements also showed a highly significant increase (P< 0.01) in the genotype during the period. The two genotypes differed remarkably (P< 0.01) from each other with RS being superior in body weight and height at the withers, and body length. However, the measurements taken of the thigh size and hearth girth circumference revealed no real difference between the RS and WAD (P >0.05). The findings indicate anthropometric areas requiring genetic improvement among the WAD, and at the same time serve as a pointer to the amount of response shown by the Maradi goats to management in the wet humid tropical environment to which it was being exposed.
EFFECT OF ONION AND GINGER JUICE EXTRACT ON THE QUALITY OF HOT. SMOKED MEAT
Authors: IKEME A. L. 
Published: February 2021

A experiment who conducted to determine the
activeness of extracts from ginger rhizome and onion bulbs, in retarding lipid oxidation On the organoleptic quality of smoked meat. Brine solution consisting of potassium sorbate, sodium chloride with or without butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), onion juice ainst and ginger Juice extract respectively were used us dips for curing Samples dipped la 10% brine served as control. Meat samples nere trimmed of visible fats, cut lato 1kg sizes, pen broiled at 80°C for 30 minutes, and then recut into 100 - 130g pieces. Samples were divided randomly into four batches and dipped for 5 minutes in different solutions, drined, revoked at • temperature of 70 - 80Cfor 6 hours and cooked to room temperature. Products were individually packaged in polythene bags, stored at room temperature (25 30°C) and used for sensory evaluation, chemical and microbial analysis. Results of chemical, and sensory analyses indicated that upid oxidation was not a problem in smoked beef. Samples dipped in solution containing ginger juice and BHT were noted better than others. Six per cent potassium sorbate did not offer adequate antimycotic activity. Samples dipped in solution without potassium sorbate were unacceptable by the fourth day of storage as these were covered by visible mouldy mass. of mycelia.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RAW AND UREA/TOASTED VELVET BEAN (Mucuna pruriens) FOR BROILER CHICKS
Authors: ESONU B. O. 
Published: February 2021

Feeding trials lasting 28 days were conducted to investigate the nutritive value of raw and urea treated/toasted mucuna bean for broiler chicks. Raw mucuna bean contains 30.33& crude protein, 7.20% crude fibre, 6.9% ether extract and 5.0% ash. Mucuna bean seeds were divided into two batches. One batch was ground raw and the other batch was ground raw, treated with 3% of its weight of urea and toasted. Mucuna bean meals so produced were then used to formulate broiler chick diets incorporfating these meals at 5% and 10% respectively. One hundred and fifty (150), 7-day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment group was further sub-divided into three replicates.
Feed intake of the birds was inconsistent with the treatments, increasing at 5% inclusion level and decreasing at 10% inclusion level (P<0.05). Body weight gain of the birds followed the same pattern as feed intake, decreasing at a higher dietary level of mucuna bean meal at all levels reduced cost of feed and meat production.
The results of this trial suggest that broiler chicks could not tolerate raw mucuna bean meal beyond 5% dietary level. Urea treatment at this level (3% of the weight of mucuna bean) and toasting did not improve the nutritive value of mucuna been beyond 5% dietary level.
APPARENT NITROGEN CORRECTED AND TRUE METABOLISABLE ENERGY OF PROCESSED THEVETIA OIL FOR BROILER FINISHER BIRDS
Authors: ADEYEMI O. A. , ATTEH J. O. , IBIYEMI S. A. 
Published: February 2021

Sixty, finishing broilers aged 35 days were used to determine the Apparent, Nitrogen corrected and True metabolisable energy value of thevetia oil. The oil was subjected to heat treatment of 110oC for 25 minutes. Four experimental diets consisting of a basal diet and three other diets in which thevetia oil was substituted for 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% of the basal diet. The experiment lasted for 10 days, made up of a 7-day adjustment period and a 3-day total collection period. Protein and fibre retention were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary thevetia oil level. Three regression equations were derived for estimating the metabolisable energy value of thevetia oil viz: y = 2990 + 61.9x (AME), y = 3076 + 59.8x (TME) and y = 2848 + 57.2x (AMEn). The Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of thevetia oil was determined to be 9180 kcal/kg and 9056 kcal/kg respectively.
EFFECTS OF Albizia saman PODS SUPPLEMENTATION ON FEED INTAKE AND LIVE WEIGHT CHANGES OF WHITE FULANI CALVES
Authors: ADEBIYI B. A. , ADENEYE J. A. 
Published: February 2021

Nine weaned White Fulani Calves aged between 3 - 13 months, weighing between 28 - 71kg werte fed on ratios consisting of basal Guinea grass hay and 0, 15, 30% Albizia saman replacement for cassava waste in a concentrate ration and each period lasting 28 days feed intake and live weight changes of White Fulani Calves were determined. The DM intake increased with increased level of Albizia saman in the ration, the highest liveweight changes was recorded when the animals were fed 30% Albizia saman whole pod. The result showed that Albizia saman whole pod promotes intake and live weight changes of White Fulani calves, thus can be fed without any adverse effect on calves.
DRY MATTER DEGRADATION CHA RACTERISTICS OF RICE STOVER WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF Ficus capensis OR Alchornea cordifolia IN RUMEN FISTULATED SHEEP, GOATS OR CATTLE
Authors: AKINLADE J. , OLANITE J. A. , BAMIKOLE M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Rumen dry matter degradation characteristics (soluble fraction, degradable fraction, rate of degradation and effective degradability) of leaves of two browse species (Alchornea cordifolia, Ficus capensis) and rice stover and their varying proportions (10, 20 or 30% of each browse: crop residue mixture) were evaluated in rumen fistulated West African Dwarf sheep and goats and Bunaji cattle. The forages differed (P<0.05) in soluble fraction (a) rate of degradation (c) and effective degradability (ED) but did not differ in the degradable fraction (b). Rice stover bad the highest rate of degradation and F. capensis the least. Effective degradability (ED) was highest in cattle followed by sheep and goats with a high degree of correlation among them. The inclusion of the different proportions of browse in the mixtures show some significance in a, b and ED (P<0.05). Mixture had a depressive effect on the soluble fraction of the feeds in rice stover: A. cordifolia mixtures. Degradable fraction differed mainly in F. capensis mixtures. The rate of degradation was affected mainly in sheep and cattle among the feeds in rice stover: F. capensis mixtures. The different mixtures influenced effective degradability. As with the sole feeds, ED was highest in cattle, followed by sheep and goats.
Producer response to retail egg price in Ogun State Nigeria: implications for increased egg production
Authors: Afolami C. A , Oladimeji O. 
Published: February 2021

Much has been said about farmers’ responsiveness to price incentive with the inference that increasing producer price would be an effective incentive for increasing production. Against the backdrop that the nation’s animal protein consumption is 5 grams / caput / day which is a far cry from the recommended level of 35 grams / caput / day of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), this paper examined producer response to retail egg price which has been rising geometrically. This is to check whether there is price incentive for increased egg production to meet the nation’s animal protein need through increased egg production.
The study location is AdoOdo/ Ota LGA in Ogun State, an area with many commercial poultry farms. The exact study locations were Obasanjo, Oginni, Okegbenro, Kanmi and Evergreen farms, where the egg prices of five producers, five wholesalers and five retailers were collected weekly for a period of eight months and the average retail egg price. From the model, the producer average egg price elasticity with respect to the average retail egg price was estimated. Results showed that the only 33 per cent of the increase in retail egg price is passed to consumers. Producers are thus likely to run into financial difficulties in expanding their output particularly in the post SAP period when the costs of inputs for the poultry production have increased tremendously.
An attractive and adequate credit scheme with good moratorium period and concessionary interest rate than hither to available is suggested. In addition an overhaul of the marketing strategy to favour the producers is necessary.
Quantification of the Ovarian follicles of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Smith O. F 
Published: February 2021

Ovarian samples were collected either through ovariectomy or slaughtering of Phillipine water buffaloes at the Phillipine Carabao Research and development Centre (now Phillipine Carabao Centre), Central Luzon State University, Philippines. From the young buffalo (6-7months, 2 pairs of ovaries); pubertal (2 year; n=1 pair); adults (7-8 year; n=3 Pairs) and old (12-14 years; n=3 pairs) were used for the study. The ovaries were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in the paraffin wax and were serially sectioned at 10 microns. The sectioned ovaries were then stained with periodic acid/schiff's-Hematoxylin (PAS-H). Ovarian follicles of the following categories (primary, growing, secondary, tertiary, and atretic) were quantified in the young, puberial, adults and old water buffaloes. In the young and pubertal buffaloes, the average follicular population of 75,604 and 85, 358 primary follicles were counted, respectively. The number of primary follicles decreased as age of the animal increased, meaning the follicles are either ovulated or became atretic during the course of the estrous cycle. The growing follicles were highest in the pubertal animals with an average follicle of 7, 317 which is 8. 75 percent of the primordial follicles. The young and adult buffaloes had an average count of 71 and 18 growing follicles respectively. The tremendous increase in the number of the growing follicles during the pubertal stage may indicate that follicle are continually being recruited and they grow from stage to stage and end life by becoming atritic or ovulated. The number of secondary follicles found in the pubertal revealed that there was a transition of the growing follicles to the secondary stage. Further decline in the number of tertiary follicles occurred, while the average number for the tertiary follicles in the young, adult and old were 3, 9, 7, respectively which is quite low. Data showed that there was a high incidence of atresia occurring in the ovarian follicles of buffaloes ranging from 127 in the young to 142 in the pubertal.
The study of linear body measurements of West African Dwarf (WAD) lambs and kids under traditional management system
Authors: Ogungbayi A. T. , Abiola S. S. , Ozoje M. O. 
Published: February 2021

Linear dimensions of WAD lambs and kids were compared under traditional management system from birth to weaning age of 3 months. At hirth, male and female lambs were comparable to their kid counter parts in body length (BL) and Height-at-withers (HW) but inferior to kids in Heart Girth (HG),, Mean HG for lambs at birth was 23.09cm while that of kid was 26.62cm. At 3 months, mean HG for lambs was 49.40cm while that of kids was 46.24cm. Birth type had significant effects
(P<0.05) on linear dimensions at birth and weaning. For both species, linear dimensions increased with increase in birth and weaning weights. The superiority of WAD lambs is body dimensions Compared to WAD kids is indicative of better frame size in lambs at post weaning age.
Yield performance of commercialized upland fish farms in Ondo state of Nigeria
Authors: Mafimisebi T. E. 
Published: February 2021

The study examined the socio-demographic characteristics of fish farmers, evaluated the profitability of upland fish farms in the study area and determined the key variables to which profitability is responsive. Empirical results showed the majority of the fish farms came into business less than ten years ago while 62.0% of the managers of the fish farm had formal education. The total farm size of the twenty-two fish farms surveyed was 229,112m2 and the average size of a fish pond unit was 1.863m2. Table fish production was preponderant over fingerlings production. About 70.0% of the fish farms practised monoculture, 23.33%used polycultural method and 6.67% employed both. The major fish species commonly cultivated were Tilapia, Alextes, Heterotis and Catfish. The fixed cost per hectare of fish farm for the period studied was ₦517,591.48 while variable cost stood a
2,053906.68. The most important components of fixed costs were labor (41.02%), bore-hole and water pumps (22.10%.) and land and pond construction (14.5%). For variable cost the most expensive items were fish feeds (51.44%). fish seeds (17.30%) and transportation and fuel (13.16%). The average profit per hectare of fish farm was ₦960,037.57 per year. Various profitability ratios revealed that investment in uppland fish farms is a worthwhile business but investor's need to do something about the fluctuating trends of some of the indices since the desirable trend is either a consistent increase or decrease. A sensitivity analysis carried out showed that profitability is more responsive to the unit price of fish compared with cost of inputs. The NPV, B/C and IRR were ₦1,571,710.15, 1.53 and 52.4% respectively. The three indicators attest to the fact that fish culture is very profitable in the study area. It is recommended that the various governments make access to Iand and investible funds at affordable rates a priority in the study area. There is also the need for the establishment of a modern hatchery which will supply fingerlings to fish farmers at subsidized rates.
Experimental infections of domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) with Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosma congolense: A comparative study
Authors: Ezeokonkwo R. C. , Agu W. E. 
Published: February 2021

Comparative study of single infections of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with Nigerian isolates of Trypanosoma brucei (Gboko strain), and Trypanosoma congolesense (Binchi strain) was carried out in the laboratory for clinical and haematological effects. Eighteen rabbits of 10-14 weeks old weighing between 600- 1200 grams were used for the study. The rabbits of both sexes were randomly selected and divided into groups. The level of infection was studied by determining red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin estimation, total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count, changes in body weight, mortality, rectal temperature changes and other clinical signs of trypanosomiasis. There was significant reduction (P<0.001) in the total red blood cell counts and haemoglobin level in the rabbits when compared to the control rabbits with the effect being more pronounced in those rabbits infected with T. congolense. The white blood cell count was also highest in those rabbits infected with T. congolense. Both parasites produced similar clinical symptoms which included weight loss, unthriftiness, anorexia, fever, paleness of mucous membrane, and oedema of the facial region. One death was recorded in each of the infected group. Possible reasons for the significant differences in the total red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total whitre blood cell count are discussed.
Phenotypic relationships between gestation length and preweaning litter traits in rabbits.
Authors: Durunna O. N. , Ogundu U. E. 
Published: February 2021

A total of 135 kittens from 22 kindlings were used to determine the relationship between gestation length (GL) and some preweaning litter traits alongside the weight of their 12 dams. Average daily gain at 21 days (ADG21), average litter weight at birth (ALWB), kindling to weaning viability (KWV), litter size at birth{L.SB), litter size at 21 days (LS21), litter weight at 21 days(LW21), litter weight at birth (LWAB), and still birth number (SBN) when subjected to multiple regression analysis revealed non-significant t-test value with GL. However, Average litter weight at 21 days (ALW21) was highly significant (P<0.01) suggesting that such can be used to predict GL. Weight of doe (WOD) was highly significant (P<0.01) showing that such parameter is important for predicting GL. A high R2 value was obtained indicating that the variability in GL is explained by the linearity of the preweaning litter traits and WOD. However the correlation coefficient R, (0.89) revealed a high degree of association between the preweaning litter traits in the rabbits and the weight of doe in a linear form. The F-value was significant at P<0.05 indicating that WOD and the preweaning litter traits in rabbits have significant contribution to the variation in GL. The correlations among traits were positive and significant for majority of the traits, which include live birth number (LBN), ADG21, ALW21, KWV, LS21, and LW21. However SBN had negative correlation with other traits.
Comparative performance of young growing rabbits fed diets containing cracked and cooked jackbean and jackbean soaked in water prior to cooking
Authors: Udedibie A.B.I. , Essien C.A. , Obikaonu H.O. 
Published: February 2021

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of cracked and cooked jackbean ICAC JOB) and jackbean that was soaked in water for 72 hours prior to cooking (SACJB) on the performance of young growing rabbits. Five experimental diets were made such that diet I (control) contained no jackbean while diets 2 and 3 contained CACIB at 20% and 30% levels, respectively; diets 4 and 5 contained SAC B also at 20% and 30% levels, respectively. Each diet was fcd to a group of 5 rabbits individually housed for 8 weeks. Feed intakes of the control group and groups on CACIB diets were significantly (P<0.05) smaller than those of the groups on SACJB diets. The groups on 20% and 30% SACJB diets also recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher growth rate than the groups on the control and CARB diets. The feed/gain ratios of the groups followed similar pattern. The weights of the hearts, livers and lungs were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05). There were also no significant differences (P>0.05) in dressing percentage of the groups. Thigh muscles of the groups on SACJB diets contained more fat and less protein relative to the other three groups.