bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dumping – Unfair Trade Practice
Authors: Serences Roman , Kozelova Dagmar 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The Globalisation gradually has removed the protection that has existed to protect producers against unfair trade practices. Existence of imperfect competition within an international trade is presented by descending curve of average costs while increasing economies of scale; it often leads some producers not to adjust the price in relation to the marker. In this case, we speak about dumping.Purpose of the article:The article deals with dumping issue – an unfair trade practice analysing EU trade policy including antidumping, related Slovak legislation, price discrimination and dumping model.Methods:From a methodological point of view, the article is divided into four parts; description of trade policy, antidumping and its legislation, price discrimination and dumping model. Methods of synthesis, critical thinking and graphical analysis were used.Findings & Value added:In practice, accounting of different prices to the various consumers is called a price discrimination. The most common type of price discrimination in foreign trade is a dumping. It is a price practice when a company accounts lower price for exported goods compared to the same goods sale at home. World Trade Organization (WTO) allow counter such injury via trade defence instruments (TDIs). The EU TDIs are appropriate to tackle new challenges to international trade, because the Commission had done to modernise the EU’s basic Anti-Dumping (AD) Regulations.
The Importance of Irrational Purchasing Behaviour in Applying the Marketing Strategy of Selected Global Brands
Authors: Vrtana David 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The progress of business activity depends on current trends in customer shopping behavior in a global environment. The current trend is also becoming a factor of irrationality, which enters the process of purchasing behavior. It is supported by the emotions and desires of consumers. In this sense, it is important to understand the irrational behavior of customers and respect the individual behavioral characteristics in the sales process. By respecting these characteristics, a company can strengthen its brand and marketing strategy with a view to gaining a global competitive advantage. Research will highlight the importance of irrational customer behaviour between the global Lindt and Hershey brands. We will find out whether the pricing policy and the discount are important for influencing shopping behaviour.Purpose of the article:In the article, we pointed out the importance of behavioral characteristics of irrational shopping behaviour in the above-mentioned global brands. We will confirm whether the research of Dr. Ariely and despite the current trends, irrationality prevails in shopping behaviour in the environment of Slovak customers.Methods:In order to assess the theoretical assumptions of behavioral economics and irrational shopping behavior, we used methods of analysis, synthesis. In the analytical part of the article, we also used the method of sociological questioning in order to ensure the credibility of the entire research. In the discussion part of the article, we used the method of induction.Findings & Value added:Pointing out the importance and connection of irrational purchasing behavior in the application of the company’s marketing strategy in a global market environment.
Municipalities’ own revenue as an instrument for financial independence
Authors: Aleksandrova Valentina , Krasteva Nadezhda , Kresnaliyska Gergana , Petrova Yoana , Baldzhiev Petar 
Published: January 2021

Research background: The article presents an analysis of the trends relating to the relation of the own income of municipalities and the received from the state budget financial resources compared with other countries which are chosen according to their form of state organization, as well as the financial relations of the municipal budget and the state budget, the budgetary relations and the applied fiscal rules.
Purpose of the article: The topicality of the issues connected with the financial decentralization of municipalities and the existing problems is indisputable, as the analysis and the assessment of the financial independence of municipalities are made according to a basic index – their own income. The main problem that is connected with the independence of municipalities - lack of enough own income requires the exertion of serious efforts so that the financially weaker and local communities are protected. The globalization and the free movement of people have an adverse effect on the own income of the municipalities in the country because of their depopulation and to a large extent, they depend on the state subsidies and transfers which seriously limits their independence.
Methods: The methods of analysis include a comparative one and an analysis of the constitutional and legal organization of municipal budgets in Bulgaria as well as an analysis of the structure of their own income.
Findings & Value added: The analysis allows us to make suggestions about legal changes and recommendations for more useful budgetary relations between the municipal budgets and the state budget.
Vine growing and production in global context
Authors: Navrátilová Miroslava , Brož David , Beranová Markéta 
Published: January 2021

Research background: The global agri-food complex changed in last years. From global scale point of view agri-food complex must face new challenges in the field of changes of natural conditions and in the field of social and trade relations. Vine growing is due to the specific demands on its production is a suitable representative of these global changes.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to investigate relationship between area of vineyards and its production in context of globalization.
Methods: Secondary data were obtained from official information sources. From the point of view of the methodological apparatus, the analysis of time series were used. Based on the selection of a suitable trend function were forecasted following two period. Furthermore, modifications to the data matrix were made. For individual variables, which were compared using appropriate statistical methods. The growth coefficient was determined. The relationship between the variables was investigated.
Findings & Value added: Based on the data, there is an obvious degressive trend in vineyards, which could be caused by the European Union standard for maximum planting up to 2 % per year. Wine production fluctuates significantly during monitoring and it is very difficult to determine its trend. In the last decade, there is possible to see an increasing of wine consumption. In future research, the relationship between consumption and production, or the production and overall performance of agriculture as a sector, may be examined.
Community tourism – Development of rural areas in developing countries
Authors: Nova Monika 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Community-based tourism has become a very popular form of sustainable tourism in the world. Tourism is supposed to be developmental in nature benefiting the local community by improving the Quality-of-Life and the standard of living for locals and local commerce. It is therefore imperative to understand that the community around tourism development is important and has to be involved in the development from the initial planning of the development as the sole beneficiaries of the development.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prerequisites for the development of community-based tourism and Bridging the technology gap for community-based tourism projects in Cambodia.
Methods: The theoretical part is focused especially on community-based tourism, its origin, history and possibilities of development. The practical part of the thesis consists of a descriptive part which characterizes the studied area from the point of view of living conditions and tourism, and, also, contains the results of analysis of interviews conducted conditions and tourism, and, also, contains the results of analysis of interviews conducted with the local people and person by the implementer during the stay in the Cambodia were analysed using the Grounded theory method.
Findings & Value added: The result of the paper is to set the prerequisites for the development of community-based tourism and recommendations for a subsequent research.
Migration Challenges of the Current Stage of Globalization
Authors: Privara Andrej , Rievajova Eva 
Published: January 2021

Research background: International labor migration is much less globalized than the other components of this process, mainly due to the various restrictions it continually encounters. Usually, the globalization of international migration results in complex migration systems. The migration challenges of the current stage of globalization include, among other things, changes in the categories of present migrants. The profile of migrants is becoming more and more diversified. It comprises women, minors, skilled people, entrepreneurs, and a low-skilled workforce or one who accepts a strong degree of disqualification.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identify processes of labor migration in the conditions of globalization, to analyze changes in the characteristics of migrants, as well as the paradox of complementarity between migration and globalization.
Methods: The authors used the methods of theoretical and empirical analysis. In addition to standard methods of theoretical analysis, they also used content analysis of text documents, mostly of an official nature. These were mainly national and European papers dealing with the issue of international labor migration in the context of globalization. Empirical research is based on the analysis of official data obtained from databases of international institutions (Eurostat, OECD, IOM, etc.).
Findings & Value added: As a result of the analysis, the authors concluded about adequate European immigration policy and greater labor mobility would contribute to addressing labor market imbalances. At the end of the article, the authors also formulated specific measures to support mobility within the EU.
Globalization, fiscal policy and free competition: The impact in EU
Authors: Anjos Maria do Rosário 
Published: January 2021

Research background:Globalization has profoundly changed the rules of play in the international economy. A new world order, new challenges and new difficulties have arisen as well new strategies to avoid the consequences of global free competition. Fiscal policy is a crucial tool in new global competition model, in special for regions with a high level of economic integration, as EU. In this context tax harmonization is extremely important to prevent distortions of competition in European market.Purpose of the article:Study the political and institutional constraints of the tax harmonization and disclosure a small part of the initial results of a investigation project about “tax competition in EU”. Understand if and how lack of tax harmonization between the member states is one of the causes of inequity between them, in special the Euro zone countries.Methods:Comparative study about income tax’s in Euro zone countries and the relation to PIB, as well the deductive method to analyse the results we find and some reference studies on the subject.Findings & Value added:The goal is answer to the follow questions: what are the political and institutional limitations to tax harmonization in EU? Why there are no further progress in the field of tax harmonization? Can EU and Euro zone survive face a globalization challenge with the present fiscal disloyal competition between member states? What future for EU in a globalization era? Findings show that tax harmonization never was considered as a priority in EU, and maybe never will, what is a weakness in a globalization world.
Are the Industry Cycles the Global Trend in Investment Activity?
Authors: Ivanov Viktor , Lvova Nadezhda , Abramishvili Neli , Pokrovskaia Natalia 
Published: January 2021

Research background:According to the concept of sector rotation, industry cycles affect the investment attractiveness of companies. Industry cycles relate to business ones, and specific industries are preferred for investors depending on the phase of the latter. The scope of this concept application is portfolio investment management. However, we use it in a new way, assuming that the unfavourable phase leads to a decrease in the investment activity of companies in the corresponding industry.Purpose of the article:Since the concept of sector rotation claims universality, we reveal if the industry cycles are the global trend in investment activity. The research purpose is to test the hypothesis of an industry cycles’ impact on the dynamics of the investment activity in companies obtaining external financing.Methods:Using the concept of sector rotation, we suggest several industry groups and tested whether the peak of investment activity in each group falls on the expected favourable phase of the business cycle. In the context of global investment trends, this hypothesis should be confirmed at public companies of any sufficiently large financial market. For testing, Russian companies were selected. The growth rate of capital investments was used as an indicator of investment activity.Findings & Value added:It was revealed that the hypothesis about the impact of industry cycles on the investment activity of a business has the potential for further research. However, there is no sufficient evidence to consider the orientation of the investment behaviour of companies on industry cycles as a global trend.
Czech Automotive Exports in the Context of the Global Economic Downturn from the Perspective of Statistics
Authors: Hašková Simona 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The global outbreak of the COVID-19 and, as a result, the measures taken fundamentally disrupted the lives of people and economies. Private and public demand, industrial production, supply chains, etc. were affected. Given the severity of these shock changes, it is clear that the European Union will have experienced a severe economic recession.Purpose of the article:Economists have long pointed to the Czech economy’s strong dependence on the automotive industry. Carmakers and a number of companies connected to them have been chained into existential difficulties after COVID-19 outbreak. However, the scenario of redirecting the industry is not real.Methods:The article maps the declines in the forecast of GDP development in 2020 and 2021 in selected EU countries and statistically evaluates the historical dependence of Czech exports on German car production.Findings & Value added:According to predictions, the Czech Republic expects the highest negative deviations in comparison with other EU countries. Reality will show what role a strong dependence on the automotive industry plays in this. The results of the statistics of the previous decade do not confirm the fundamental dependence of Czech exports on German automobile production. As the results indicate, Czech exporters are already diversifying at least in the sense of the target markets. The author raises the question whether the concept of public belief in the importance of supporting Czech carmakers as important producers of GDP on the export side can be the result of a strong lobbying by carmakers.
An Analysis of Correlation and Forecast of CZK to EUR in the Unstable Global World
Authors: Kalinová Eva , Rowland Zuzana 
Published: January 2021

Research background: In the Czech Republic, the CZK/EUR currency pair is the most observed one not only by Czech consumers but also by Czech and foreign companies. Not only the political situation in the world and the foreign investors but also other variables have a significant influence on the CZK.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to analyse the development of the CZK/EUR exchange rate, to perform a correlation analysis of the CZK/EUR currency pair and to forecast its future development in today’s unstable global world affected by the Coronavirus pandemics.
Methods: In order to fulfil the aim of the paper, the data of the CZK/EUR currency pair from the beginning of the year 1999 to mid-June 2020 was used. The correlation analysis and the forecast of the future development of the exchange rate are performed by means of the, in today’s globalized world very promising, technology of artificial neural networks.
Findings & Value added: The analysis and the forecast of the exchange rate development is based on the time series model taking the previous value of the exchange rate and its previous volatility into consideration. The strongest propulsion power for the development of the CZK/EUR exchange rate will be the market atmosphere on the world’s markets and the associated capital transfer between risk assets and safe havens. Provided, that the current situation settled down definitively and the economy returned back to its normal state, it is probable that the Czech koruna would gain some part of its significant loss back within a medium-term period.
Global Position of the US Economy and Its Impact on the Economy of the Czech Republic
Authors: Pudilová Linda , Veselá Kamila 
Published: January 2021

Research background: The economy with the strongest influence on world affairs, international politics and world economy is undoubtedly the economy of the United States of America. In the Czech Republic, after the revolution, the USA quickly came to the forefront of interest and mutual foreign trade grew significantly. However, their global influence was significantly reflected not only in economic aspects, but also in sociological aspects. In recent years, the so-called “Americanization” has been taking place in the Czech Republic. American terms were often adopted in the commonly used Czech language, and the demand for American goods increased significantly.
Purpose of the article: The objective of the presented text is to evaluate development of the influence of the USA on the economy of the Czech Republic by analysing the development of key macroeconomic quantities, in particular gross domestic product, gross national product, balance of payments and foreign trade. Based on the results of this analysis, the future development of the Czech economy, more precisely opportunities and impacts arising from mutual trade relations between the American and Czech economies, is predicated.
Methods: Descriptive statistic.
Findings & Value added: The results of the research showed a gradual expansion of the influence of the American economy in the Czech Republic, which began after 1989 and continues to this day. This influence manifested itself in several aspects. It was reflected in the structure of mutual foreign trade, and also in the Czech culture and the Czech language (adoption of English terms into the Czech language).
The further potential of mutual trade is highlighted out by comparing the structure of export and import from the USA in total and export and import from the USA to the Czech Republic.
Impact of Export Trade Promotion Organizations on Export Development in Latvia in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Veinbergs Vilnis , Skadina Helena 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The impact of globalization in the 21st century is increasingly bringing change in the world’s political, economic, social and technological processes. It has become much easier to get information about relevant events across the borders, which lead to the visibility and accessibility of international business environment. International organizations promote and encourage small countries in the same manner as large ones in order to integrate them into the world’s economic development. As a result, most countries become partners and benefit through this globalization process which can be seen as a triggering factor for a successful cross-border trade.Purpose of the article:This paper aims to analyse the impact of Trade Promotion Organizations (TPO) on business in Latvia and its usefulness for export activities as well as contribution of TPO program to GDP growth in Latvia in the period from 2004 to 2019.Methods:In this research authors have used a case study method and analysed the experience of TPO in the global trade environment. Secondary data were obtained from statistical databases and research literature; regulations of international organizations in relevant countries - from publicly available sources.Findings & Value added: Results of this research indicate that organizations which promote and support Latvian export positively influence activities and high-quality cooperation with exporting companies and entrepreneurs who want to trade abroad. At the end of the research, the authors summarize their findings about TPO’s support activities to exporters in Latvia and other countries.
Sildenafilo: Prevalencia y factores asociados a su consumo en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Niño Avendaño Carlos Alberto , Tristancho Pedro Felipe 
Published: January 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de sildenafilo en estudiantes universitarios.
Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de Instituciones de Educación Superior del municipio de Tunja. La variable dependiente fue el consumo de sildenafilo, las variables independientes fueron: edad, semestre, universidad, estrato, procedencia, pareja estable, actividad sexual actual, actividad física, inicio de las relaciones sexuales, uso de métodos de barrera, asesoría en planificación y disfunción eréctil.
Resultados La prevalencia de consumo de sildenafilo en universitarios fue del 19,25%. Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de consumo son: tener pareja estable, actividad sexual actual, inicio de relaciones sexuales antes de los 14 años y la presencia de disfunción eréctil; mientras se disminuye dicha probabilidad en: los primeros estratos socioeconómicos, no haber escuchado sobre el medicamento, asesoría del personal de salud, conocer las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, efectividad y reacciones adversas del medicamento.
Conclusiones Una quinta parte de los universitarios usan o han usado el sildenafilo. Casi el 80% de ellos han presentado efectos adversos. El consumo frecuente de ese fármaco amerita seguir estudiando esa población universitaria, puesto que no es usual que a esa edad se presente disfunción eréctil, para conllevar a la automedicación del sildenafil por lo tanto, esa conducta debe desencadenar intervenciones desde el área de bienestar universitario, específicamente médica para que se creen estrategias de intervención que apunten a una orientación de sexualidad responsable, y prevenir su uso indiscriminado que puede llevar a riesgos demasiado graves para la salud tanto física como mental.