bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxes Datenschutzverhalten
Authors: Lasarov Wassili , Hoffmann Stefan 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEinhergehend mit der Digitalisierung vieler Lebensbereiche werden große Mengen persönlicher Daten von Konsument*innen durch Unternehmen und Institutionen erfasst und analysiert. Daher ist der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit diesen Daten eines der drängendsten Themen der Gegenwart. Zwar gibt es zahlreiche gesetzliche Verordnungen (z. B. GDPR) sowie eine zunehmende Anzahl von Unternehmen, die sich freiwillig dem Datenschutz verpflichten, allerdings nutzen auch viele Unternehmen und Institutionen die Unachtsamkeit von Konsument*innen aus. Dies wird dadurch begünstigt, dass viele Konsument*innen zwar angeben, dass sie auf ihre Privatsphäre achten, aber nur wenige die dafür notwendigen Maßnahmen ergreifen. Diese Einstellungs-Verhaltens-Diskrepanz (Privatsphäre-Paradoxon) lässt sich einerseits durch ein rationales Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkül erklären, in dem Konsument*innen den Nutzen bestimmter Produkte (z. B. durch Personalisierung) mit der Preisgabe ihrer Daten verrechnen. Andererseits können situative Einflüsse (z. B. wenig Zeit) oder kognitive Verzerrungen (z. B. Kontrollillusion) Datenschutzbedenken in diesen Situationen verringern. Vor diesem Hintergrund führen wir in das Privatsphäre-Paradoxon ein und zeigen den Stand des Schrifttums auf, wobei wir auf situative und kognitiven Verzerrungen fokussieren. Abschließend wird das Konzept der drei Privatsphäre-Gaps eingeführt und ein Rahmen für zukünftige Forschung entwickelt.
A family-based intervention for prevention and self-management of disabilities due to leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis in Ethiopia: A proof of concept study
Authors: van‘t Noordende Anna T. , Wubie Aycheh Moges , Tadesse Tesfaye , Hagens Tanny , Haverkort Eva , Schippers Alice P. 
Published: February 2021

A key issue for persons with leprosy-, lymphatic filariasis- and podoconiosis-related disabilities is the life-long need to practice self-management routines. This is difficult to sustain without regular encouragement and support of others. Family-based support may be a sustainable and feasible strategy to practice self-management routines. This proof of concept study aimed to develop and pilot a family-based intervention to support prevention and self-management of leprosy, lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis-related disabilities in Ethiopia.
We used a quasi-experimental pre/post intervention study design with a mixed methods approach. The study population included persons affected by leprosy, lymphatic filariasis and podoconiosis and their family members. All persons affected had visible impairments due to their condition. We collected physical impairment outcomes, data on activity limitations, stigma and family quality of life using the SALSA scale (range 0–80), the SARI stigma scale (range 0–63) and the Beach Centre Family Quality of Life scale (range 0–125) and conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analysed using paired t-tests, unequal variances t-tests, linear regression and binary logistic regression. Qualitative data were coded using open, inductive coding and content analysis.
The family-based intervention consisted of self-management of disabilities, awareness raising and socio-economic empowerment. The intervention was delivered over several monthly group meetings over the course of several months. A total of 275 (100%) persons affected attended at least one session with a family member, and 215 (78%) attended at least three sessions. There was no significant improvement in eye and hand problems after the intervention. However, foot and leg impairments, number of acute attacks, lymphedema and shoe wearing all significantly improved at follow-up. In addition, family quality of life significantly improved from 67.4 at baseline to 89.9 at follow-up for family members and from 76.9 to 84.1 for persons affected (p<0.001). Stigma levels significantly decreased from 24.0 at baseline to 16.7 at follow-up (p<0.001). Activity levels improved, but not significantly.
This proof of concept study showed that the family-based intervention had a positive effect on impairments and self-management of disabilities, family quality of life and stigma. We recommend a large-scale efficacy trial, using a randomised controlled trial and validated measurement tools, to determine its effectiveness and long-term sustainability.
Treatment outcomes of children and adolescents receiving drug-resistant TB treatment in a routine TB programme, Mumbai, India
Authors: Dhakulkar Shubhangi , Das Mrinalini , Sutar Narendra , Oswal Vikas , Shah Daksha , Ravi Shilpa , Vengurlekar Dipa , Chavan Vijay , Rebello Lorraine , Meneguim Augusto C. , Iyer Aparna , Mansoor Homa , Kalon Stobdan , Acharya Shrikala , Ferlazzo Gabriella , Isaakidis Petros , Thakur Harshad P. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Childhood and adolescent drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. Limited evidence exists around programmatic outcomes of children and adolescents receiving DR-TB treatment. The study aimed to determine the final treatment outcomes, culture conversion rates and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in children and adolescents with DR-TB.

Methods
This is a descriptive study including children (0–9 years) and adolescents (10–19 years) with DR-TB were who were initiated on ambulatory based treatment between January 2017-June 2018 in Shatabdi hospital, Mumbai, India where National TB elimination programme(NTEP) Mumbai collaborates with chest physicians and Médecins Sans Frontières(MSF) in providing comprehensive care to DR-TB patients. The patients with available end-of-treatment outcomes were included. The data was censored on February 2020.

Result
A total of 268 patients were included; 16 (6%) of them were children (0–9 years). The median(min-max) age was 17(4–19) years and 192 (72%) were females. Majority (199, 74%) had pulmonary TB. Most (58%) had MDR-TB while 42% had fluoroquinolone-resistant TB. The median(IQR) duration of treatment (n = 239) was 24(10–25) months. Median(IQR) time for culture-conversion (n = 128) was 3(3–4) months. Of 268 patients, 166(62%) had successful end-of-treatment outcomes (cured-112; completed treatment-54). Children below 10 years had higher proportion of successful treatment outcomes (94% versus 60%) compared to adolescents. Patients with undernutrition [adjusted odds-ratio, aOR (95% Confidence Interval, 95%CI): 2.5 (1.3–4.8) or those with XDR-TB [aOR (95% CI): 4.3 (1.3–13.8)] had higher likelihood of having unsuccessful DR-TB treatment outcome.

Conclusion
High proportion of successful treatment outcome was reported, better than global reports. Further, the nutritional support and routine treatment follow up should be strengthened. All oral short and long regimens including systematic use of new TB drugs (Bedaquiline and Delamanid) should be rapidly scaled up in routine TB programme, especially for the paediatric and adolescent population.
El método Montessori en la educación infantil española: luces y sombras
Authors: Sanchidrián Blanco Carmen 
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se revisa la Introducción, difusión y aplicación de la pedagogía de Montessori en España en tres etapas. Durante la primera (1914-1936) se editan en español muchas de sus obras, se realizan las primeras experiencias y la misma Montessori pasa años en nuestro país; en la segunda (franquismo), tras dos décadas de rechazo frontal a toda la Escuela Nueva, Montessori fue encontrando su pequeño lugar, y, por último, en la España democrática veremos una cierta diversidad e incluso confusión en torno a la aplicación de sus métodos. La vida y la obra de Montessori han estado ocultas por escritos hagiográficos y es preciso estudiarlas sin perder de vista su contexto, su educación, sus creencias y sus intereses; solo así se podrá distinguir a los que mantienen sus principios pedagógicos de los que intentan vender cosas diversas en su nombre.
La pedagogía de Milani en España e Iberoamérica
Authors: Corzo Toral José Luis 
Published: February 2021

El autor se fija más en la pedagogía que en los métodos didácticos de la Escuela de Barbiana, cuya Lettera a una professoressa (1967) se tradujo a más de 60 lenguas y nunca ha faltado de las librerías italianas y españolas, traducida como Carta a una maestra por sugerencia de Marta Mata. Ya en 1969 Meri Franco Lao la tradujo para Argentina y Uruguay, de donde pasó a otros lugares de Iberoaméricacomo Carta a una profesora. La principal aportación de esta Carta es doble: la escuela obligatoria ha de ser compensatoria de los últimos, carentes de la palabra que nos hace iguales. La escuela actual daña más a quienes triunfan en ella sin ver la parte mejor de la humanidad. Esta crítica radical espanta a los partidarios de una escuela competitiva y liberal. Son muchos los pedagogos que la ignoran para rechazarla, o que solo leen en ella un reclamo contra el fracaso y el abandono escolar prematuro. Por eso repasa el autor la lista de profesores, editoriales y revistas que –en España sobre todo– asumen Barbiana y otorgan a Lorenzo Milani un puesto en la pedagogía contemporánea.
Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of naftidrofuryl in the therapy of chronic cerebral ischemia
Authors: Dadasheva M. N. , Zolotovskaya I. A. , Gorenkov R. V. , Dadasheva K. N. , Lebedeva D. I. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy and tolerability of naftidrofuryl (Duzofarm®) in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).Patients and methods. A prospective open-label multicenter observational study evaluated the clinical efficiency and tolerability of naftidrofuryl treatment in patients with CCI. To statistically evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of naftidrofuryl, the investigators used data from 200 outpatients with Stages I–II CCI who were included in the program of treatment and received its full cycle. The patients were prescribed naftidrofuryl at a dose of 100 mg (2 tablets) thrice daily. Basic therapy that the patients had received before their inclusion in the observation program was not discontinued. The patients' status was evaluated using a specially designed questionnaire. Four visits were scheduled. All the patients underwent neurological examination. To study the patients' cognitive functions and emotional state, the investigators used the following tests and scales: the Mini-Cog test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Asthenia Subjective Assessment Scale, and the Modified Scoring Scale for Subjective Sleep Characteristics. Adverse reactions were recorded to evaluate the tolerability of therapy.Results and discussion. Naftidrofuryl therapy significantly improved health and reversed complaints in the patients. By the end of the treatment cycle, there was a significant improvement on all scales, which suggested a decrease in the severity of cognitive impairment and asthenic and mild anxiety disorders. When performing the Mini-Cog test, the proportion of patients who were able to remember and recall three words without errors increased from 43 to 86%, and when doing the clock drawing test, the proportion increased by 65%. Cognitive functions on the MMSE were observed to statistically significantly improve by 1.2 scores. According to the Zung Anxiety Self-Rating Scale, the number of patients with anxiety disorders decreased by 24%, those with insomnia significantly declined by 31% compared with the baseline level.Conclusion. The findings showed the high efficiency and appropriateness of naftidrofuryl administration to patients with Stages I–II CCI and hypertension.
The role of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the progression and development of cerebrovascular diseases. A competent choice of pathogenic treatment is the key to success in treatment and prevention. An expert’s view from the ‘red zone’
Authors: Kovalchuk V. V. 
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 worsens the course of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), including chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI). The Actovegin drug, which has long been widely used in CCI treatment, has an antioxidant and endothelium protective effect. It makes sense to study the effect of Actovegin therapy on the clinical manifestations of CCI in patients with a recent experience of COVID-19.Objective: to evaluate Actovegin efficacy in the treatment of CCI in patients with a recent experience of COVID-19.Patients and methods. The study included 440 patients (234 female; 206 male) with a recent experience of COVID-19, suffering from CCI, their average age being 67.8 years (from 54 to 85 years). All patients were broken down into two groups of 220 people (the patients in Group 1 were administrated Actovegin, the ones in Group 2 – were not). All patients were followed up for 90 days; their condition was assessed by the severity of clinical manifestations of CCI, using special scales and questionnaires.Results and discussion. After 90 days of follow-up, the frequency of complaints of cognitive impairment, sleep disorder, dizziness, fatigue, emotional disorders, and headache in Group 1 was significantly lower than in Group 2 (p<0.05). According to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire (SSQ), the average indicators improved significantly more in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p<0.05). The absence of quality of life impairment and their minimal severity were observed in Group 1 in 77.9%; in Group 2 – in 33.7% (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences between the groups of patients were also observed in relation to emotional state recovery according to the Wakefield Questionnaire and the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety inventory.Conclusion. The observational study demonstrated the efficacy of Actovegin in the treatment of main clinical manifestations of CCI in patients with recent COVID-19 experience.
Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats
Authors: Xiao Gang , Zhang Mei , Peng Xing , Jiang Guangyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Our current research aims to examine whether protocatechuic acid (PCA) can be used as a therapeutic agent for the development of cerebral aneurysm (CA) and to elucidate the mechanisms behind this. We assessed the effects of PCA at 50 and 100 mg/kg on the activation of signaling pathways for tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2) on progression and development in an elastase-induced CA model, accompanied by a high-salt diet to induce hypertension. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL)-8, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by ELISA, western blot, and reverse transcriptase quantative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and translocation of Nrf-2 were also determined. The group treated with PCA demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the aneurysmal size in rats compared to the CA-induced group. We found that PCA treatment suppressed the invasion of macrophage and activation of TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. We found that PCA treatment exerts protective effects by suppressing the development and progression of CA through the inhibition of inflammatory responses in macrophages via TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways, thus demonstrating that PCA can act as a treatment for CA.
Histomorphometric study on effects of monosodium glutamate in liver tissue of Wistar rats
Authors: Reddy Anil Kumar , Ghoshal Joy A. K. , PK Sankaran , Trivedi Ganesh N. , Ambareesha Kondam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Thousands of food additives are being used by the food industries in ready to eat packed food. These food additives act as either preservatives or enhancers of palatability. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of glutamic acid is a widely used food additive for enhancing taste. It gives the unique taste to the food called “Umami” or “Savory taste”, which is different from four primary tastes namely, sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The current experimental study was investigated by dose-related effects of MSG on adult Wistar rats using histological and histomorphometric techniques.

Methods
Twenty-eight adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups i.e.; one control and three experimental groups. Rats were administered orally with different doses of MSG to the experimental groups and distilled water to the control groups consecutively for 45 days. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected for the examination.

Results
Histomorphometric data of the nuclei diameter of hepatocytes showed significant variation between control and experimental groups. Less PAS-positive material found in a higher dose of MSG-induced rats in histochemical observation.

Conclusions
One of the challenges of the problem of animal experimental studies is the application of results to human dietary intake of MSG. Based on the dose-dependent findings of the current study; it is evident that the administration of MSG is hepatotoxic in adult Wistar rats.
Evidence that Ginkgo Biloba could use in the influenza and coronavirus COVID-19 infections
Authors: Ibrahim Manal A. , Ramadan Hanan H. , Mohammed Rasha N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic invades the world. Public health evaluates the incidence of infections and death, which should be reduced and need desperately quarantines for infected individuals. This article review refers to the roles of Ginkgo Biloba to reduce the risk of infection in the respiratory tract, the details on the epidemiology of corona COVID-19 and influenza, and it highlights how the Ginko Biloba could have been used as a novel treatment.
Ginkgo Biloba can reduce the risk of infection by several mechanisms; these mechanisms involve Ginkgo Biloba contains quercetin and other constituents, which have anti-inflammatory and immune modulator effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations. Cytokines cause inflammation which have been induced the injuries in lung lining.
Some observational studies confirmed that Ginkgo Biloba reduced the risk of asthma, sepsis and another respiratory disease as well as it reduced the risk of cigarette smoking on respiratory symptoms. While other evidences suggested the characters of Ginkgo Biloba as an antivirus agent through several mechanisms. Ginkgolic acid (GA) can inhibit the fusion and synthesis of viral proteins, thus, it inhibit the Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV-1), genome replication in Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the infections of the Zika Virus (ZIKV). Also, it inhibits the wide spectrum of fusion by inhibiting the three types of proteins that have been induced fusion as (Influenza A Virus [IAV], Epstein Barr Virus [EBV], HIV and Ebola Virus [EBOV]).
The secondary mechanism of GA targeting inhibition of the DNA and protein synthesis in virus, greatly have been related to its strong effects, even afterward the beginning of the infection, therefore, it potentially treats the acute viral contaminations like (Measles and Coronavirus COVID-19). Additionally, it has been used topically as an effective agent on vigorous lesions including (varicella-zoster virus [VZV], HSV-1 and HSV-2). Ginkgo Biloba may be useful for treating the infected people with coronavirus COVID-19 through its beneficial effect. To assess those recommendations should be conducted with random control trials and extensive population studies.
Condensed groups in product varieties
Authors: Osin Denis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A finitely generated group 𝐺 is said to be condensed if its isomorphism class in the space of finitely generated marked groups has no isolated points.
We prove that every product variety

U
⁢
V

\mathcal{UV}

, where 𝒰 (respectively, 𝒱) is a non-abelian (respectively, a non-locally finite) variety, contains a condensed group.
In particular, there exist condensed groups of finite exponent.
As an application, we obtain some results on the structure of the isomorphism and elementary equivalence relations on the set of finitely generated groups in

U
⁢
V

\mathcal{UV}

.
Engaging Children’s Reading with Reflective Augmented Reality
Authors: ChanLin Lih-Juan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study explored the integration of mobile augmented reality (AR) into reading in elementary schools. With the reflective messages designed using AR (termed as reflective AR), children were guided to process the story content through preview, reading, and review of the content. The study focused on the enhancement of children’s reading comprehension using reflective AR and the implementation processes of reading with reflective AR experienced by teachers and children. A blended research approach was used for data collection. Via the quantitative approach, the reading comprehension scores of the children in the reflective AR and control group (without reflective AR) were compared. Via the qualitative approach, observations and interviews with the teachers from four elementary schools were conducted. It was observed that students achieved better reading scores when using the reflective AR approach (p < 0.001). Both teachers and students enjoyed the AR reading exploration. Teachers were devoted to planning the settings required in the reading exploration. Reading via the AR approach of preview–reading–review engaged children in the reading content. From the study, the implementation of AR reflective reading provides a model to guide children’s reading. However, the research is preliminary and might have sampling limitations for generalization. Future research on diverse learning settings is needed.
Successive approximations for a differential equation in a Banach space via Constantin condition
Authors: Dutkiewicz Aldona , Zima Mirosława 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We give some sufficient conditions for the convergence of the sequence of successive approximations to the unique solution of first order Cauchy problem in a Banach space. Our approach is based on a generalized Nagumo condition due to A. Constantin and the properties of the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness.
Tailoring the electron and hole dimensionality to achieve efficient and stable metal halide perovskite scintillators
Authors: Tan Zhifang , Pang Jincong , Niu Guangda , Yuan Jun-Hui , Xue Kan-Hao , Miao Xiangshui , Tao Weijian , Zhu Haiming , Li Zhigang , Zhao Hongtao , Du Xinyuan , Tang Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have recently been reported as excellent scintillators for X-ray detection. However, perovskite based scintillators are susceptible to moisture and oxygen atmosphere, such as the water solubility of CsPbBr3, and oxidation vulnerability of Sn2+, Cu+. The traditional metal halide scintillators (NaI: Tl, LaBr3, etc.) are also severely restricted by their high hygroscopicity. Here we report a new kind of lead free perovskite with excellent water and radiation stability, Rb2Sn1-x
Te
x
Cl6. The equivalent doping of Te could break the in-phase bonding interaction between neighboring octahedra in Rb2SnCl6, and thus decrease the electron and hole dimensionality. The optimized Te content of 5% resulted in high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92.4%, and low X-ray detection limit of 0.7 µGyair s−1. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence could be maintained without any loss when immersing in water or after 480,000 Gy radiations, outperforming previous perovskite and traditional metal halides scintillators.