bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of fiber insertion on fracture strength and fracture modes in endocrown and overlay restorations
Authors: Fildisi Mehmet Ali , Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic Evrim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAim of this study was to determine the fracture strength and modes of endocrown and overlay restorations with/without fiber reinforcement on endodontically treated teeth. Sixty‐five molar teeth were used: Group IN (intact teeth), Group E (endocrown), Group ER (endocrown + ribbond), Group O (overlay), Group OR (overlay + ribbond; n = 13). Ribbond (Seattle, WA) was inserted at the base of pulp chamber in Group ER and OR. All restorations were designed and produced by using computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany) and Cerasmart (GC Corp. Kasugai, Aichi, Japan). All teeth were subjected to thermomechanical aging and fractured in a universal test device. Fractured surfaces were analyzed with a stereomicroscope (SMZ1000, Nikon, Japan). Data were analyzed with Welch's analysis of variance and Games–Howell test (p < .001). Group E showed significantly lower fracture strength values than other groups(p < .05). No statistically significant differences were found among the other groups(p > .05). Most of the unfavorable fractures were seen in Groups E and O. Overlay restorations showed higher fracture strength values than endocrown restorations. Although fiber insertion did not improve the fracture strength of the indirect restorations, it reduced the frequency of irreparable fracture mode. Overlay restorations and fiber application are more advantageous in preserving the durability of the endodontically treated teeth.
A multi‐tissue view on telomere dynamics and postnatal growth
Authors: Wolf Sarah E. , Rosvall Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrade‐offs between growth and self‐maintenance are common in nature, such that early‐life effects on growth can generate lasting consequences on survival and longevity. Telomeres—putative biomarkers of self‐maintenance—may link early growth with these later phenotypic effects, but evidence for growth‐telomere trade‐offs is mixed. Null or even positive relationships between growth and telomeres may be driven by heterogeneity in resource availability or invariable allocation towards telomere maintenance within a population. We used nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to assess the directionality and timing of relationships between growth and telomere length in several tissues. We focused on two important phases of growth: first, the peak of postnatal growth occurring around 6 days old when nestlings grow by ~33% in a single day, and subsequently, the later phase of growth occurring as body mass plateaus near adult size at 12 days old. We quantified telomere attrition in blood during postnatal growth, as well as telomere length in the blood, brain, adrenals, and liver at 12 days old. Growth was unrelated to telomere length in the liver and telomere dynamics in blood. However, brain telomere length was positively correlated with peak growth, and adrenal telomere length was positively related to later growth, particularly for chicks that had experienced a temporary stressor. These observations suggest that variation in resource availability may mask trade‐offs, generating positive correlations between growth and telomere length at the population level. They also provide insights into complex relationships between growth and self‐maintenance that can be revealed by looking in multiple tissues.
Prioritarian rates of return to antipoverty transfers
Authors: Barrientos Armando , Dietrich Stephan , Gassmann Franziska , Malerba Daniele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA growing impact evaluation literature on antipoverty transfer programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries measures changes in utilitarian terms, at their unit value. The paper argues that valuing antipoverty transfers is more appropriately done within a framework of prioritarian social welfare functions, as the very presence of these programmes indicates that polities place a greater value on gains and losses among the disadvantaged. The paper applies this framework to the Senior Citizen Grant in Uganda, including survey and experimental work throwing light on social preferences for redistribution. It finds that default utilitarian valuation significantly underestimates the social value of transfer programmes.
Relationship between mild traumatic brain injury and the gut microbiome: A scoping review
Authors: Aghakhani Nozar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for the important role of gut microbiota (GMB) in the development and progression of neurologic pathologies. Some studies have shown that modifying the microbiome profile can confer benefits to patients. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence in the general population. Although most patients recover, in a minority, disabling symptoms can persist for several months. We carried out a review of the literature to assess the effect of mTBI on GMB and to determine whether alleviating dysbiosis can improve clinical outcomes in mTBI patients. We performed searches in Medline/PubMed and Embase using the keywords “MTBI” AND “microbiome” OR “microbiota”. Additional articles were identified by manual searches and using the Google search engine. In animal models, a clear perturbation of GMB was reported following TBI and probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus acidophilus or Clostridium butyricum) improved neurologic function. There were no studies on changes in GMB after mTBI in humans; however, pre‐ or probiotic supplementation reduced the infection rate in patients with severe TBI and shortened the time spent in the intensive care unit without conferring any neurologic benefits. Thus, although the findings from animal models are promising, clinical studies are needed to determine whether therapeutic strategies that restore gut microbiome profile can improve long‐term outcomes of patients with mTBI.
A psychometric investigation of harmonious and obsessive work passion
Authors: Landay Karen , DeSimone Justin A. , Harms Peter D. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDespite widespread belief that passion is important for workplace success, research has failed to keep pace with theorizing in this domain, particularly as it pertains to measurement. The Dualistic Model of Passion, which is composed of harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP), has been frequently adapted by management researchers. Two different versions of its measure, the Passion Scale, are concurrently in use. Therefore, we collected three samples of working adults (total N = 1497) to conduct a comprehensive psychometric evaluation and comparison of the 14‐item and 12‐item versions of the Passion Scale adapted to work. Despite sharing only five items, both versions demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and incremental validity over other work attitudes. However, the positive correlation between HP and OP is much smaller in magnitude in the 12‐item version, which may account for the wide credibility interval reported by meta‐analysis. Additionally, item response theory analysis revealed that neither version can assess very high or low levels of HP or OP, indicating that the Passion Scale may be best suited to measuring mid‐range levels of passion. We leverage these conclusions to offer future research directions and best practices for passion research using this measure.
Evaluation of Carotid Space Schwannoma Using Ultrasonography: Characteristics and Role in Defining the Nerve of Origin
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Kwak Ji Hye , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the ultrasonography (US) characteristics of carotid space schwannoma and their role in identifying the nerve of origin.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled patients with cervical carotid space schwannoma accessible by US. The US characteristics of vagus nerve schwannomas (VNSs) and sympathetic nerve schwannomas (SNSs) were assessed; a carotid space schwannoma was defined as a VNS if the tumor originated in the mid‐vagal region and an SNS if it arose posterior to the intact vagus nerve, displacing the vagus nerve anteriorly.ResultsTwenty patients with carotid space schwannoma were enrolled. The vagus and sympathetic nerves were identified as the nerve of origin in 12 and 8 patients, respectively. VNSs were centered at levels II, III, and IV in 5, 3, and 4 patients, respectively, while SNSs were centered at levels II (7 patients) and IV (1 patient) (P = .105). The maximal diameters were 3.2 and 4.8 cm for VNSs and SNSs, respectively (P = .011). Internal vascularity was absent and low in 9 and 3 VNSs, respectively, and low and intermediate in 4 SNSs each (P = .002). Twelve patients with VNSs underwent active surveillance without immediate surgery; no adverse events occurred during the 55.2‐month follow‐up period. Eight patients with potential SNSs underwent surgery, confirming the sympathetic nerve as the nerve of origin.ConclusionsUS facilitates identification of the nerve of origin in cervical carotid space schwannoma. VNSs are more frequent in infrahyoid locations and tend to be smaller in size with lower vascularity compared with SNSs on US.
Enhanced benthic nitrous oxide and ammonium production after natural oxygenation of long‐term anoxic sediments
Authors: Hylén Astrid , Bonaglia Stefano , Robertson Elizabeth , Marzocchi Ugo , Kononets Mikhail , Hall Per O. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoastal and shelf sediments are central in the global nitrogen (N) cycle as important sites for the removal of fixed N. However, this ecosystem service can be hampered by ongoing deoxygenation in many coastal areas. Natural reoxygenation could reinstate anoxic sediments as sites where fixed N is removed efficiently. To investigate this further, we studied benthic N cycling in previously long‐term anoxic sediments, following a large intrusion of oxygenated water to the Baltic Sea. During three campaigns in 2016–2018, we measured in situ sediment–water fluxes of ammonium (), nitrate (), oxygen (O2), dissolved inorganic carbon, and reduction processes using benthic chamber landers. Sediment microprofiles of O2, nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen sulfide were measured in sediment cores. At a permanently oxic station, denitrification to N2 was the main reduction process. Benthic N2O production appeared to be linked to nitrification, although no net N2O fluxes from the sediment were detected. At newly oxygenated sites, dissimilatory reduction to comprised almost half of the total reduction. At these stations, the removal of fixed N was inefficient due to high effluxes of . Sedimentary N2O production was associated with incomplete denitrification, accounting for 41–88% of the total denitrification rate. Microprofiling revealed algae aggregates as potential hotspots of seafloor N2O production. Our results show that transient oxygenation of euxinic systems initiates benthic reduction, but may not lead to efficient sedimentary removal of fixed N. Instead, recycling of N compounds is promoted, which may accelerate the return to anoxia.
Bounds on strong unicity for Chebyshev approximation with bounded coefficients
Authors: Sipoş Andrei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe obtain new effective results in best approximation theory, specifically moduli of uniqueness and constants of strong unicity, for the problem of best uniform approximation with bounded coefficients, as first considered by Roulier and Taylor. We make use of techniques from the field of proof mining, as introduced by Kohlenbach in the 1990s. In addition, some bounds are obtained via the Lagrangian interpolation formula as extended through the use of Schur polynomials to cover the case when certain coefficients are restricted to be zero.
A Coarse‐Grained Model for cis‐Polyisoprene: Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: In‐noi Orrasa , Prasitnok Khongvit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA coarse‐grained (CG) model of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (cis‐PI) is developed using systematic coarse‐graining strategy. The bonded interactions of the model are captured using analytical potentials with parameters derived to match structural probability distributions of atomistic system. The nonbonded interactions are presented by Lennard‐Jones potentials with parameters specified to match the density and thermal expansion behavior obtained from experiment. The CG force field is validated through the molecular weight dependence of chain dimension and Flory−Fox scaling relationship for the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The model developed provides much faster chain dynamics and simulation speed compared to the reference atomistic one.
Methods of monitoring thermal ablation of soft tissue tumors – A comprehensive review
Authors: Geoghegan Rory , ter Haar Gail , Nightingale Kathryn , Marks Leonard , Natarajan Shyam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThermal ablation is a form of hyperthermia in which oncologic control can be achieved by briefly inducing elevated temperatures, typically in the range 50–80°C, within a target tissue. Ablation modalities include high intensity focused ultrasound, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and laser interstitial thermal therapy which are all capable of generating confined zones of tissue destruction, resulting in fewer complications than conventional cancer therapies. Oncologic control is contingent upon achieving predefined coagulation zones; therefore, intraoperative assessment of treatment progress is highly desirable. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of ablation monitoring modalities. The first section of this review presents the mechanism of action and common applications of the primary ablation modalities. The following section outlines the state‐of‐the‐art in thermal dosimetry which includes interstitial thermal probes and radiologic imaging. Both the physical mechanism of measurement and clinical or pre‐clinical performance are discussed for each ablation modality. Thermal dosimetry must be coupled with a thermal damage model as outlined in Section 4. These models estimate cell death based on temperature‐time history and are inherently tissue specific. In the absence of a reliable thermal model, the utility of thermal monitoring is greatly reduced. The final section of this review paper covers technologies that have been developed to directly assess tissue conditions. These approaches include visualization of non‐perfused tissue with contrast‐enhanced imaging, assessment of tissue mechanical properties using ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography, and finally interrogation of tissue optical properties with interstitial probes. In summary, monitoring thermal ablation is critical for consistent clinical success and many promising technologies are under development but an optimal solution has yet to achieve widespread adoption.
Fouling Pathways in Emulsion Polymerization Differentiated with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Integrated into the Reactor Wall
Authors: Böttcher Andreas , Petri Judith , Langhoff Arne , Scholl Stephan , Augustin Wolfgang , Hohlen Annika , Johannsmann Diethelm 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmulsion polymerization fouling at hot interfaces is studied in situ, making use of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D). The resonator crystal is heated with a ring‐shaped thermal pad from the back, turning it into a plate with elevated temperature. Configured to be one of the walls of a small reactor for emulsion polymerization, this resonator is prone to heat‐transfer fouling, similar to regular heated parts of process equipment. The fouling kinetics is readily quantified with this QCM. During polymerization at constant temperature (80 °C), some deposition is always observed. However, a film with a thickness of less than 1 μm (determined gravimetrically with the QCM) is sometimes found, which stabilizes the surface against the deposition of much thicker layers. When reaction fouling proceeds directly to thick deposits, a small increase in resonance bandwidth often occurs a few minutes prior to the main transition, presumably caused by coagulum formed in the bulk making first contact with the surface. Furthermore, particle fouling is studied with temperature ramps on nonreactive dispersions. Fouling, if present, is readily observed.
Waste and natural fiber based automotive brake composite materials: Influence of slag and coir on tribological performance
Authors: Rajan R. , Tyagi Yogesh Kumar , Singh Sudhanshu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysical, mechanical, and tribological properties of automotive brake friction materials were investigated to study the influence of various slag waste and coir fiber combinations. The friction composites were manufactured by mechanical mixing and compression molding at varying slag waste (45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%, by weight) and coir fiber (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, by weight) loading. The density, hardness, shear strength, and ash content decreased while porosity and compressibility of the composites increased for decreasing slag waste with a simultaneous increase in coir fiber content. The tribological properties of the manufactured composites were evaluated on a Krauss machine by following the ECE R‐90 standard. The highest friction (0.396), lowest fade (15.40%), and lowest friction fluctuations (0.101) were recorded for the composite having 60 wt% slag waste and 5 wt% coir fiber content. In contrast, recovery performance remains highest (131.80%) in the composite with 45 wt% slag waste and 20 wt% coir fiber content. Besides, the wear of the composites was found to increase with increased coir fiber content. Moreover, the composites' worn surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy to understand the mechanisms responsible for the surface damage and how slag waste and coir fiber combinations would affect such friction composite materials' friction and wear performance.
Preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol/polyurea composites for shape stabilized phase change materials
Authors: Wang Renzhang , Chen Liufang , Lei Qian , Shi Junhua , Chen Changzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA linear polyurea (LPU) and a crosslinked polyurea (CPU) were respectively synthesized by condensation between 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane and multivariate isocyanates, and then were used as supporting material to load polyethylene glycol (PEG) for shape‐stabilized phase change materials (ssPCMs). LPU has an incompact flocculent morphology with higher surface area and pore volume than CPU, and CPU is composed of contiguous bead particles with many interspaces. The shape stability of PEG/CPU ssPCMs is better than that of PEG/LPU ssPCMs with the same PEG mass fraction due to the different molecular interactions between PEG and the polymer matrix. The maximum PEG mass fraction in PEG/LPU and PEG/CPU ssPCMs LPU are 65% and 75%, respectively, and the corresponding melting phase change enthalpies are 82.66 J/g and 98.13 J/g, respectively. The heat storage efficiency of PEG/CPU ssPCMs is smaller than that of PEG/LPU ssPCMs with the same PEG content, caused by the greater movement restriction of PEG chains from the crosslinked network of CPU. The prepared ssPCMs have favorable reusability after 100 heating–cooling thermal cycles and have good thermal stability below 250°C, which is helpful to widen extent of application for latent heat storage.
Anticancer effects of myricetin derivatives in non‐small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zha Genlan , Chen Rujun , Chen Xin , Sun Qian , Jiang Hao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related deaths. Moreover, exploring efficient tumor‐killing drugs is urgently needed. In our study, several derivative compounds of myricetin were synthesized and tested. Experiments on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed that S4‐2‐2 (5,7‐dimethoxy‐3‐(4‐(methyl(1‐(naphthalen‐2‐ylsulfonyl)piperidin‐4‐yl)amino)butoxy)‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one) had the strongest effect on A549 cell inhibition across all compounds. Furthermore, S4‐2‐2‐treated A549 cells were also suppressed when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Particularly, we found that the migration and invasiveness of A549 cells became suppressed upon treatment with S4‐2‐2. Furthermore, the compound significantly induced cell apoptosis, but did not affect the cell cycle of A549 cells. Finally, we revealed that S4‐2‐2 inhibited the biological function of NSCLC cells by regulating the protein process in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then by inducing the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. Taken together, S4‐2‐2 was shown to act as a potential molecular inhibitor of A549 cells.
Towards an automatic characterization of riverscape development by deep learning
Authors: Alfredsen Knut , Dalsgård Arild , Shamsaliei Saeid , Halleraker Jo Halvard , Gundersen Odd Erik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRiverscapes are under pressure from anthropogenic development, and this challenges the conservation of biodiversity, hydromorphology and land types. To assess changes and restoration potential, an understanding of alteration to rivers overtime is necessary. This can be challenging due to lack of data, shortcomings in methods and data formats that are not easily incorporated into the assessment process. Historical aerial imagery exists for rivers prior to modification, but the manual classification is time‐consuming. Deep learning is increasingly used in image processing, and here we outline how a convolutional neural network can be used to automatically classify black and white aerial imagery from the database of the Norwegian mapping authority into habitat types. It is demonstrated how historical imagery can be used to develop maps that can be processed further in a GIS to evaluate natural versus anthropogenic changes over time.
On the analysis of power law distribution in software component sizes
Authors: Sharma Shachi , Pendharkar Parag C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComponent‐based software development (CBSD) is an active area of research. Ascertaining the quality of components is important for overall software quality assurance in CBSD. One of the important metrics for measuring defects, analyzability, efforts, and cost in CBSD is component size. The paper presents an analytical model based on maximization of Tsallis entropy to obtain closed form expression for component size distribution (maximum Tsallis entropy component size distribution, MTECSD) in steady state. It is found that the component size distribution follows power law asymptotically. A procedure based on generalized Jensen–Shannon measure is developed to estimate model parameters. A detailed analysis of many popular probability distributions along with MTECSD is carried out on many diverse real data sets of component‐based softwares. The analysis reveals that lognormal and MTECSD distributions fit well to component sizes in many software conforming the presence of power law behavior. The software whose component size distributions are described by MTECSD are in equilibrium implying that new defects in these software systems occur occasionally. Power law behavior in component sizes also imply high variation leading to difficulty in software analyzability. The precise knowledge of component size distribution also provides an alternative method to compute efforts and cost estimates by modified COCOMO model.