bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-space subfemtosecond imaging of quantum electronic coherences in molecules
Authors: Garg M. , Martin-Jimenez A. , Pisarra M. , Luo Y. , Martín F. , Kern K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTracking electron motion in molecules is the key to understanding and controlling chemical transformations. Contemporary techniques in attosecond science are able to generate and trace the consequences of this motion in real time, but not in real space. Scanning tunnelling microscopy, on the other hand, can locally probe the valence electron density in molecules, but cannot alone provide dynamical information at this ultrafast timescale. Here we show that, by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and attosecond technologies, quantum electronic coherences induced in molecules by <6-fs-long carrier-envelope-phase-stable near-infrared laser pulses can be directly visualized at ångström-scale spatial and subfemtosecond temporal resolutions. We demonstrate concurrent real-space and -time imaging of coherences involving the valence orbitals of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride molecules, and full control over the population of the involved orbitals. This approach opens the way to the unambiguous observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in complex molecular systems.
Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays
Authors: da Silva Alex Junior , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo , Simiqueli Guilherme Ferreira , Praça-Fontes Milene Miranda , Mendes Luiza Alves , Martins Gustavo Ferreira , Borém Aluízio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSome forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50–200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
Urocortins as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Vasconcelos Inês , Adão Rui , Rademaker Miriam T. , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. , Fontes-Sousa Ana Patrícia , Brás-Silva Carmen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The urocortins (Ucns) belong to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and have multiple effects within the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems. With growing evidence indicating significant cardioprotective properties and cardiovascular actions of these peptides, the question arises as to whether the plasma profiles of the Ucns are altered in pathologic settings. While reports have shown conflicting results and findings have not been corroborated in multiple independent cohorts, it seems likely that plasma Ucn concentrations are elevated in multiple cardiovascular conditions. The degree of increase and accurate determination of circulating values of the Ucns requires further validation.
Assessing Ecologically Valid Methods of Auditory Feedback Measurement in Individuals With Typical Speech
Authors: Tomassi Nicole E. , Weerathunge Hasini R. , Cushman Megan R. , Bohland Jason W. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Auditory feedback is thought to contribute to the online control of speech production. Yet, the standard method of estimating auditory feedback control (i.e., reflexive responses to auditory–motor perturbations), although sound, requires specialized instrumentation, meticulous calibration, unnatural tasks, and specific acoustic environments. The purpose of this study was to explore more ecologically valid features of speech production to determine their relationships with auditory feedback mechanisms.

Method:
Two previously proposed measures of within-utterance variability (centering and baseline variability) were compared with reflexive response magnitudes in 30 adults with typical speech. These three measures were estimated for both the laryngeal and articulatory subsystems of speech.

Results:
Regardless of the speech subsystem, neither centering nor baseline variability was shown to be related to reflexive response magnitudes. Likewise, no relationships were found between centering and baseline variability.

Conclusions:
Despite previous suggestions that centering and baseline variability may be related to auditory feedback mechanisms, this study did not support these assertions. However, the detection of such relationships may have required a larger degree of variability in responses, relative to that found in those with typical speech. Future research on these relationships is warranted in populations with more heterogeneous responses, such as children or clinical populations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17330546
NA‐Reviewer: Reviewing the context to improve the error accumulation issue for multi‐hop QA
Authors: Fu Ruiliu , Wang Han , Zhou Jun , Zhang Xuejun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe multi‐hop question answering (QA) task requires the machine to answer the question correctly and at the same time provide evidence clues. Some pipeline methods have achieved great results in answer accuracy and interpretability, while a obvious drawback of these pipeline methods is the error accumulation issue. In this letter, we propose a NA‐Reviewer method to improve the error accumulation issue in multi‐hop QA task. It consists of two parts: an NA‐Discriminator and a Reviewer, where the NA‐Discriminator transforms the error accumulation issue into an unanswered discrimination task, and the Reviewer corrects the error by reviewing the context according the error clues. We conducted experiments on the 2WikiMultiHopQA dataset. Compared with the previous state‐of‐the‐art works, the proposed NA‐Reviewer method have increased the F1 value by 4.27 percentage points, and compared to the ablation model without the NA‐Reviewer method, it has increased the F1 value by 9.58 percentage points, which significantly improves the error accumulation issue.
Non‐linearly conductive ZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite prepared by wet winding with polyester fibre cloth
Authors: Yuan Zhikang , Hu Jun , Huang Zhiwen , Sun Gang , Sun Ya , He Jinliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite has drawn great attention from academia and industry for its adjustable non‐linear conductivity, high mechanical strength, and good ageing resistance. However, the sedimentation of ZnO microvaristors in epoxy resin during preparation is the key problem, which limits its application in engineering. In this study, a novel method of wet winding with polyester fibre cloth is proposed to prepare the ZnO microvaristors/epoxy resin composite. The anti‐settling effect of ZnO microvaristors in the composite is verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The microstructure shows that ZnO microvaristors distribute uniformly in the composite, and the content difference of ZnO microvaristors at the top and bottom part is only 0.4%. The composite shows typical non‐linear conductivity, and the threshold electric field and the non‐linear coefficient decrease with the content of ZnO microvaristors, while the conductivity in the insulating state shows an increasing trend. To verify the field grading effect of the composite with non‐linear conductivity (CNC), a finite element model of a needle‐plate electrode, simulating the condition of a conductive tip in a solid insulated system, is set up. CNC can adaptively grade the electric field, which reduces the surface electric field of the needle tip by 86.6% and the highest electric field in the system by 82.1%. This wet winding method solidifies the industrial application of CNC in high‐voltage power equipment.
A wide‐angle forward to backward scanning wideband leaky‐wave antenna based on microstrip spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Sharma Somia , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Basu Ananjan , Koul Shiban K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, a wide‐angle forward to backward scanning wideband leaky‐wave antenna (LWA) based on the microstrip spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) transmission line (TL) is proposed. The proposed microstrip SSPP TL has tapered corrugations on both sides of the metallic strip conductor. After designing an efficient transition with a good transition occupation ratio and excellent transmission efficiency, a wide‐angle scanning LWA is realised. A methodology of achieving high gain and wide‐angle scanning by adjusting a large number of radiating elements in a compact area is proposed. The proposed antenna operates in the frequency range of 8.9–12.7 GHz having fractional bandwidth of 35.18% with a continuous scanning range from −35° to +51°. The maximum gain of 19.03 dBi with a maximum radiation efficiency of 90% is achieved from the structure. The proposed antenna can easily be integrated with planar wireless communication systems due to the presence of an unbroken ground plane.
Die Kunst der UV-Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik nicht verlernen!
Authors: Lehmann Lion , Hofmann Silke , Lehmann Percy 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie UV-Phototherapie ist trotz der Entwicklung der hochwirksamen Biologicals nach wie vor Bestandteil diverser Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Durchführung der verschiedenen Formen der Phototherapie bedarf einer profunden Ausbildung, um Schaden an Patienten zu vermeiden. Dies spiegelt sich in einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Behandlungsfehlervorwürfen, bspw. bei der Kommission für ärztliche Behandlungsfehler der Ärztekammer Nordrhein, wider. Im Folgenden werden anhand von vier Beispielen typische Fehler bei der UV-Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik aufgezeigt, die zu Schäden bei den Patienten geführt haben. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass in allen geschilderten Fällen Behandlungsfehler aufgetreten sind, die bei fundierter Ausbildung und Kenntnis der einschlägigen Literatur zu vermeiden gewesen wären. Dieses Manuskript soll auch als Appell an die Ausbilder verstanden werden, die Kunst der Phototherapie und Photodiagnostik den ihnen anvertrauten Auszubildenden fundiert weiterzugeben.
Technical Note: Arthroscopic Resection of Snapping, Interponating Annular Ligament of the Elbow
Authors: Thiele Kathi , Akgün Doruk , Al-Mutaresh Faisal , Stöckle Ulrich , Lacheta Lucca , Moroder Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe indication for surgical treatment of lateral snapping elbow syndrome is recurrent joint blockage in combination with pain of the affected elbow joint. Different parts of the lateral
synovial capsule sleeve complex, including the annular ligament itself, a hypertrophic synovial fold, or meniscus-like soft tissue interposition can lead to painful entrapment. Surgical
treatment options can include an arthroscopic or open procedure. The aim of this technical note is to provide a step-by-step illustration of the authorsʼ preferred arthroscopic approach with
a comprehensive review of literature on clinical outcome.
Thromboinflammation as a Driver of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Gauchel Nadine , Krauel Krystin , Hamad Muataz Ali , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThrombus formation has been identified as an integral part in innate immunity, termed immunothrombosis. Activation of host defense systems is known to result in a procoagulant environment. In this system, cellular players as well as soluble mediators interact with each other and their dysregulation can lead to the pathological process of thromboinflammation. These mechanisms have been under intensified investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms leading to thromboinflammation as one trigger of venous thromboembolism.
Pathogenic Aspects of Inherited Platelet Disorders
Authors: Boeckelmann Doris , Glonnegger Hannah , Sandrock-Lang Kirstin , Zieger Barbara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInherited platelet disorders (IPDs) constitute a large heterogeneous group of rare bleeding disorders. These are classified into: (1) quantitative defects, (2) qualitative disorders, or (3) altered platelet production rate disorders or increased platelet turnover. Classically, IPD diagnostic is based on clinical phenotype characterization, comprehensive laboratory analyses (platelet function analysis), and, in former times, candidate gene sequencing. Today, molecular genetic analysis is performed using next-generation sequencing, mostly by targeting enrichment of a gene panel or by whole-exome sequencing. Still, the biochemical and molecular genetic characterization of patients with congenital thrombocytopathias/thrombocytopenia is essential, since postoperative or posttraumatic bleeding often occurs due to undiagnosed platelet defects. Depending upon the kind of surgery or trauma, this bleeding may be life-threatening, e.g., after tonsillectomy or in brain surgery. Undiagnosed platelet defects may lead to additional surgery, hysterectomy, pulmonary bleeding, and even resuscitation. In addition, these increased bleeding symptoms can lead to wound healing problems. Only specialized laboratories can perform the special platelet function analyses (aggregometry, flow cytometry, or immunofluorescent microscopy of the platelets); therefore, many IPDs are still undetected.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents on Early Childhood Caries in Qatar—A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Al-Jaber Aisha Saleh , Al-Qatami Hadeel Mohammad , Abed Al Jawad Feras Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in a group of Qatari parents and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors on their KAP.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study which was based on a piloted self-administered questionnaire was conveniently distributed to parents who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center (HDC), Doha, Qatar. The questionnaire comprised four parts which asked about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers.
Statistical Analysis Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequency of distribution in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and responses to items of the questionnaire were presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests.
Results The overall mean scores of KAP were 60.8%, 65.6% and 72.7%, respectively. Females had significantly higher percentages of correct answers than males (p = 0.001). Only 20% of females had poor knowledge, while it was 40% in males. Parents with university or higher degrees had significantly higher percentage of good attitudes than parents with preparatory or less education (p = 0.05). Areas that necessitated improvement by parents included the following: the amount of toothpaste needed for brushing, signs of tooth demineralization, bacteria that causes tooth decay can be transmitted from mother to her child, and tooth decay can be transmitted by sharing utensils (i.e., spoons, forks).
Conclusions The overall KAP of parents toward ECC was relatively fair. However, certain socioeconomic factors (SEF) seemed to influence each domain, and areas of improvement are needed. Areas of improvement are needed in each domain. Mothers were significantly more knowledgeable than fathers regarding oral health issues of their children. Highly educated parents demonstrated better attitudes than the less educated. Continuous educational programs coordinated by health regulatory bodies should be introduced to improve parents' KAP regarding ECC risk factors and prevention.
Evaluating Electronic Health Record Limitations and Time Expenditure in a German Medical Center
Authors: de Hoop Tom , Neumuth Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study set out to obtain a general profile of physician time expenditure and electronic health record (EHR) limitations in a large university medical center in Germany. We also aim to illustrate the merit of a tool allowing for easier capture and prioritization of specific clinical needs at the point of care for which the current study will inform development in subsequent work.
Methods Nineteen physicians across six different departments participated in this study. Direct clinical observations were conducted with 13 out of 19 physicians for a total of 2,205 minutes, and semistructured interviews were conducted with all participants. During observations, time was measured for larger activity categories (searching information, reading information, documenting information, patient interaction, calling, and others). Semistructured interviews focused on perceived limitations, frustrations, and desired improvements regarding the EHR environment.
Results Of the observed time, 37.1% was spent interacting with the health records (9.0% searching, 7.7% reading, and 20.5% writing), 28.0% was spent interacting with patients corrected for EHR use (26.9% of time in a patient's presence), 6.8% was spent calling, and 28.1% was spent on other activities. Major themes of discontent were a spread of patient information, high and often repeated documentation burden, poor integration of (new) information into workflow, limits in information exchange, and the impact of such problems on patient interaction. Physicians stated limited means to address such issues at the point of care.
Conclusion In the study hospital, over one-third of physicians' time was spent interacting with the EHR, environment, with many aspects of used systems far from optimal and no convenient way for physicians to address issues as they occur at the point of care. A tool facilitating easier identification and registration of issues, as they occur, may aid in generating a more complete overview of limitations in the EHR environment.
Age- and sex-dependent vigilance behaviour modifies social structure of hunted wild boar populations
Authors: Davidson Achiad , Shanas Uri , Malkinson Dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract Context Human activities in general, and hunting in particular, often have significant impacts on the behaviour of wildlife through the anti-predator behaviours they evoke. Wild boar populations are rapidly expanding worldwide and their population densities are increasing. Aims To examine hunting effects in combination with different land-use factors on the behaviour and social structure of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Israel. Specifically, to examine differences in vigilant behaviour and social structure in agricultural areas (hunting permitted) and nature reserves (hunting prohibited). Methods Motion-triggered cameras were installed to record wild boars’ social structure and vigilance behaviour along movement trails. Age and sex of individual wild boars were identified, as were the size and structure of their social groups, and hunting in each of the studied areas was quantified. Key results Results indicated significant differences in the vigilance behaviour of wild boars between agricultural areas and nature reserves. In agricultural areas, adult females were significantly more vigilant (P < 0.001) compared with adult males (P = 0.150). Additionally, in these areas there were significantly more adult males and fewer females leading family groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, male yearlings were significantly more vigilant in agricultural areas (P < 0.001) compared with female yearlings (P = 0.164). Male yearlings tended to roam significantly more with family groups in agricultural areas compared with nature reserves, where they tended to roam alone or in groups (P = 0.029, P = 0.035). Conclusions These results indicate social and behavioural differences in wild boars between agricultural areas and nature reserves, suggesting that hunting may have a substantial impact on their social structure and behaviour. Implications Overall, the findings support the behavioural and social consequences of human hunting. Long-term implications of altered behavioural and social responses should be considered in management and conservations strategies. For instance, the high proportion of male yearlings in family groups in agricultural areas in autumn (October–December, mating season) may offer young males early access to reproductive females, even within the same social group. This may eventually lead to an increase in the reproductive potential of female wild boars.
Environmental control of marine phytoplankton stoichiometry in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sauterey Boris , Ward Ben A. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
As they grow, die, and sink into the ocean’s interior, oceanic phytoplankton drive the so-called biological carbon pump, one of the main biological processes regulating atmospheric carbon concentrations. The biological carbon pump is, therefore, key to climate regulation. Its efficiency is largely determined by the coupling of marine biology to ocean geochemistry through the C:N:P:Fe stoichiometry of phytoplankton biomass, yet what determines this stoichiometry remains poorly understood. Based on a model of plankton biology, we characterize control mechanisms of the C:N ratio of phytoplankton biomass in the North Atlantic, which explain extensive sets of apparently conflicting observations. These findings could improve the predictive ability of global ocean models regarding climate change and the role of marine biology in its mitigation/aggravation.
Stylistic variation in email
Authors: Brown David West , Laudenbach Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explores how email is partly shaped by writers’ positions within a corporate structure. This stylistic variation is measurable at scale and can be described by messages’ rhetorical organizations and orientations. The modeling was carried out on a subset of the Enron email corpus, which was processed using the dictionary-based tagger DocuScope. The results identify four stylistic variants (Trained/Technical Support, Decision-Making, Everyday Workplace Interaction, and Engaged Planning), each realizing distinctive combinations of features reflective of their communicative functions. In Trained/Technical Support emails, for example, constellations of words and phrases associated with informational production and facilitation are marshaled in fulfilling routine guidance-seeking and guidance-giving tasks. While writers’ positions motivate stylistic tendencies (e.g., members of upper-level management compose a majority of their messages in the Decision-Making style), all writers avail themselves of a variety of styles, depending on audience and purpose, suggesting that learners might benefit from developing adaptable communicative repertoires.