bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early predictors of two month response with mianserin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and influence of definition of outcome on prediction
Authors: Berlin I , Lavergne F 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn order to identify clinical and demographic variables that predict response to antidepressants and to analyse prediction of outcome as a function of definition of outcome we analysed pooled data of two independent, multicentre, double blind parallel group studies. Study I compared the efficacy of mianserin with that of fluoxetine in 65, and study II compared mianserin with fluvoxamine in 60 patients with depression. Improvement was defined as at least 20% decrease in MADRS by day 14. Patients were considered as responders if they had greater than 50% decrease and non-responders if they had ≤ 50% decrease from baseline in the MADRS at day 56. Complete remission was defined as MADRS score ≤ 6 at day 56. Patients' characteristics did not differ between mianserin and SSRI groups. Early improvement predicted response in 92% and complete remission in 55% of the patients improved at day 14. Multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that response to treatments at day 56 was significantly (P = 0.0003) associated with early improvement, age (responders had higher age than non-responders) and weight (responders weighted more than non-responders). Complete remission was only predicted by early improvement. Treatments could not be differentiated when data were analysed according to responder/nonresponder status or complete remission/no complete remission. However, when the same data were analysed by analysis of variance a significant treatment effect (P = 0.02, mianserin > SSRIs) and a quadratic type treatment by time interaction (P = 0.023) were found. The robustness of the analysis was further improved by inclusion of covariates (age, weight). Early clinical improvement seems to be the best predictor of 2 month response to antidepressants (mianserin, SSRIs). Younger age and lower weight may predict non-response. Quantitative analysis differentiates treatments better than analysis of responder status. As obtenation of complete remission is a realistic objective with current antidepressants, studies longer than 2 months are needed to assess effectiveness of these drugs in the obtenation of complete remission.
GSH‐Responsive Radiosensitizers with Deep Penetration Ability for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Radio‐Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Zhu Rong , Hong Zhongzhu , Zhang Xuan , Chen Shan , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) utilizes the non‐invasive and high penetration X‐ray as the energy source to eliminate deep‐seated tumors. The efficacy of RT can be optimized by designing effective radiosensitizers and synergizing with other treatment methods. Glutathione (GSH)‐responsive radio‐sensitizing nanovesicles are designed with size‐transformability via self‐assembly of gold‐manganese oxide Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) encapsulating the near‐infrared fluorescence (NIR) dye (IR1061). In the presence of GSH, JNP vesicles (Ves) dissociate into smaller gold (Au) NPs and manganese ion (Mn2+) that not only penetrate into the deeper layers of the tumor but also deplete the GSH and trigger chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through a Fenton‐like reaction, which augments the efficacy of RT. In addition, the IR1061 released from the disintegrated nanostructures fluoresces in the NIR‐II window, and along with photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables high precision tumor detection. The combination of JNP Ve and X‐ray irradiation achieves multimodal image‐guided ablation of subcutaneous as well as deep‐seated tumors in murine models. Therefore, this novel multimodal image‐guided RT/CDT therapeutic platform is a promising strategy in high‐precision tumor therapy.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Molecular Materials: From Multiferroic to Magnetoelectric
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Lin , Li Dong , Zhao Hai‐Xia , Dong Xin‐Wei , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid molecular multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials, similar to multiferroic oxide compounds, have recently attracted increasing attention because they exhibit diverse architectures, a flexible framework, fascinating physics, and potential magnetoelectric functionalities in novel multifunctional devices such as energy transformation devices, sensors, and information storage systems. Herein, the classification of multiferroicity and magnetoelectricity is briefly outlined and then the recent advances in the multiferroicity and magnetoelectricity of inorganic–organic hybrid molecular materials, particularly magnetoelectricity and the relevant magnetoelectric mechanisms and their categories are summarized. In addition, a personal perspective and an outlook are provided.
Widening the Range of Trackable Environmental and Health Pollutants for Li‐Garnet‐Based Sensors
Authors: Balaish Moran , Rupp Jennifer L. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClassic chemical sensors integrated in phones, vehicles, and industrial plants monitor the levels of humidity or carbonaceous/oxygen species to track environmental changes. Current projections for the next two decades indicate the strong need to increase the ability of sensors to sense a wider range of chemicals for future electronics not only to continue monitoring environmental changes but also to ensure the health and safety of humans. To achieve this goal, more chemical sensing principles and hardware must be developed. Here, a proof‐of‐principle for the specific electrochemistry, material selection, and design of a Li‐garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO)‐based electrochemical sensor is provided, targeting the highly corrosive environmental pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2). This work extends the prime use of LLZO as a battery component as well as the range of trackable pollutants for potential future sensor‐noses. Novel composite sensing‐electrode designs using LLZO‐based porous scaffolds are employed to define a high number of reaction sites, and successfully track SO2 at the dangerous levels of 0–10 ppm with close‐to‐theoretical SO2 sensitivity. The insights on the sensing electrochemistry, phase stability and sensing electrode/Li+ electrolyte structures provide first guidelines for future Li‐garnet sensors to monitor a wider range of environmental pollutants and toxins.
Dynamically Conformal Mask Printing of Liquid Alloy Circuits on Morphing Objects
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Jiang Jiajun , Jiang Qin , Fei Wenjie , Guo Chuan Fei , Wu Zhigang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to their excellent conformability and inherent compatibility, soft three‐dimensional (3D) circuits can promisingly contribute to soft intelligent systems, i.e., soft robots equipped with dynamic and sophisticated morphologies. However, current processing technologies have almost focused on fabricating planar or 3D circuits on static objects, which restrict the feasibility when targeting on dynamic/morphing surfaces in case of mismatched stress or strain. Here, a conformal mask printing method, based on selective laser patterninga conformal, attachable and dynamic (CAD) film made of carbon black‐doped polydimethylsiloxane (cPDMS) is reported. Combining with the unique fluidity of liquid alloy, the new CAD‐mask allows to conformably print dynamic compliant liquid alloy circuits on various complex and morphing surfaces. To illustrate the capability of the approach, 3D conformal circuits are fabricated on a steering wheel for detecting driving modes, on a face model to achieve anthropomorphic layer, and demonstrate the fabrication process on adynamic shape‐changing elastomeric heart and a human hand. The approach offers a new opportunity for real‐timely configuring dynamic compliant circuits on morphing substrates of soft electronics/robotics.
Soft Robotic Manipulation System Capable of Stiffness Variation and Dexterous Operation for Safe Human–Machine Interactions
Authors: Chen Shoue , Pang Yaokun , Cao Yunteng , Tan Xiaobo , Cao Changyong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoft robots have attracted great attention in the past decades owing to their unique flexibility and adaptability for accomplishing tasks via simple control strategies, as well as their inherent safety for interactions with humans and environments. Here, a soft robotic manipulation system capable of stiffness variation and dexterous operations through a remotely controlled manner is reported. The smart manipulation system consists of a soft omnidirectional arm, a dexterous multimaterial gripper, and a self‐powered human–machine interface (HMI) for teleoperation. The cable‐driven soft arm is made of soft elastomers and embedded with low melting point alloy as a stiffness‐tuning mechanism. The self‐powered HMI patches are designed based on the triboelectric nanogenerator that utilizes a sliding mode of tribo‐layers made of copper and polytetrafluoroethylene. The novel soft manipulation system has great potential for soft and remote manipulation and human machine interactions in a variety of applications from elderly care to surgical operation to agriculture harvesting.
Hyperspectral Imaging and Optical Trapping: Complementary Tools for Assessing Direction‐Dependent Polarized Emission from Single Upconverting LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Microparticles
Authors: Panov Nikita , Lu Dasheng , Ortiz‐Rivero Elisa , Martinazzo Rodrigues Emille , Haro‐González Patricia , Jaque Daniel , Hemmer Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSingle‐particle fluorescent probes with the capacity to infer specific intracellular conditions, for instance, have great application potential in the realm of biomedicine. Imaging techniques that improve our understanding of the fluorescence processes at a single‐particle level are thus instrumental in actualizing this potential. This study demonstrates the importance of implementing synergistic single‐particle spectroscopic techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the optical anisotropy exhibited by upconverting erbium and ytterbium co‐doped lithium yttrium tetrafluoride (LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+) microparticles. More specifically, optical trapping and single‐particle polarized emission spectroscopy is herein leveraged to provide a plausible explanation for the spatial emission intensity distribution variation exhibited by LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microparticles during hyperspectral imaging. By probing the polarized emission stemming from a single, optically trapped LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microparticle, it is possible to find evidence that the emission intensity anisotropy exhibited by the respective microparticles during hyperspectral imaging arises as a consequence of the selection rules governing the emission probability in rare‐earth (RE3+) ions doped into a uniaxially birefringent host matrix such as LiYF4.
Single‐Photon Near‐Infrared‐Responsiveness from the Molecular to the Supramolecular Level via Platination of Pentacenes
Authors: Han Yifei , Yin Yueru , Wang Fan , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) responsiveness is important for various applications. Currently, single‐photon NIR‐responsive systems are rare compared to systems that display two‐photon absorption and triplet–triplet annihilation processes. Supramolecular stacking of photo‐responsive chromophores results in decreased efficiency due to space‐confinement effects. Herein we show that σ‐platination of pentacenes is a feasible protocol to build single‐photon NIR‐responsive systems, with advantages including a low HOMO–LUMO energy gap, high photochemical efficiency, and pathway specificity. The pentacene‐to‐endoperoxidation transformation is accompanied by color and absorbance changes. The high photo‐oxygenation efficiency of σ‐platinated pentacenes facilitates NIR responsiveness in one‐dimensional supramolecular polymers, resulting in the disappearance of supramolecular chirality signals and disruption of self‐assembled nanofibers. Overall, the σ‐platination strategy opens up new avenues toward NIR photo‐responsive materials at the molecular and supramolecular levels.
Cluster From Cluster: A Quantitative Approach to Magic Gold Nanoclusters [Au25(SR)18]−
Authors: Lei Zhen , Li Jiao‐Jiao , Nan Zi‐Ang , Jiang Zhan‐Guo , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh‐yield and large‐scale synthesis are highly demanded for the studies of gold nanoclusters. We developed a “cluster from cluster” approach to assemble gold nanoclusters with preformed atomically precise Au13 precursors. This facile approach has proved to be very effective in the synthesis of the well‐known magic cluster [Au25(SR)18]−, which could prepare the target cluster in high yield (overall yield up to ≈100 %) at large scale (gram‐scale based on gold). This method can be applied in the synthesis of 10 Au25 clusters with different R groups. This work presents an important approach that may be extended to high‐yield and large‐scale synthesis of other metal nanoclusters.
Orientational Jahn–Teller Isomerism in the Dark‐Stable State of Nature's Water Oxidase
Authors: Drosou Maria , Zahariou Georgia , Pantazis Dimitrios A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe tetramanganese–calcium cluster of the oxygen‐evolving complex of photosystem II adopts electronically and magnetically distinct but interconvertible valence isomeric forms in its first light‐driven oxidized catalytic state, S2. This bistability is implicated in gating the final catalytic states preceding O−O bond formation, but it is unknown how the biological system enables its emergence and controls its effect. Here we show that the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the resting (dark‐stable) S1 state adopts orientational Jahn–Teller isomeric forms arising from a directional change in electronic configuration of the “dangler” MnIII ion. The isomers are consistent with available structural data and explain previously unresolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic observations on the S1 state. This unique isomerism in the resting state is shown to be the electronic origin of valence isomerism in the S2 state, establishing a functional role of orientational Jahn–Teller isomerism unprecedented in biological or artificial catalysis.
Selecting areas with rare and restricted fish species in mountain streams of Southern Brazil
Authors: Frota Augusto , Pacifico Ricardo , da Graça Weferson J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The delimitation of conservation units may be supported by information on compositional (taxonomic), functional, and phylogenetic diversity of a given locality or region. In this context, systematic conservation planning and key biodiversity areas are promising approaches for biodiversity protection.
Factors such as species representativeness and exclusivity may be used to identify geographical distribution patterns and select relevant areas for conservation at a local scale.
This study aims to identify areas with rare and restricted fish species in mountain streams in Southern Brazil, using a method that unites ecological and biogeographical approaches.
Seven river basins and 152 mountain streams in Southern Brazil were sampled to obtain data on the occurrence and abundance of 115 fish species. The rarity status of each species was determined and endemicity analysis was used to find areas of restricted species (ARS) with three cell sizes.
Using larger cells, continuous areas were identified and supported by a higher proportion of rare fish species. Using smaller cells, discontinuous areas were identified within each of the river basins, where rare and endemic fish species occur. Most of the smaller areas relevant for protecting fish fauna were located outside of conservation units.
Fundamental areas were selected for the protection of fish species in mountain streams in Southern Brazil. Both the method proposed and the areas with rare and restricted fish species identified may be used to support systematic conservation planning and to delimit new priority areas for conservation.
Ex vivo interaction study of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors with isolated mitochondria
Authors: Singh Varun Pratap , Chawda Nitya , Barkhade Tejal , Mahapatra Santosh Kumar , Banerjee Indrani 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEx vivo interaction of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors with isolated mitochondria has been investigated. The nanophosphors were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The synthesized NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors were characterized for physicochemical properties. The NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors showed successful upconversion with excitation wavelength lying in the near‐infrared region. The effect of synthesized NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors on mitochondria isolated from the chicken heart tissue was examined through ROS generation capacity, membrane fluidity, and complex II activity. The exposer of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanophosphors to isolated mitochondria inhibits ROS generation activity as compared to control. The mitochondria membrane fluidity of the lipid bilayer and complex‐II activity of mitochondria was observed to be unaltered after the interaction with NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles. The results confirm that synthesized NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles can be used as a safe contrast agent.
Techno‐economic and market analysis of two emerging forest biorefining technologies
Authors: Blair M. Jean , Mabee Warren E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new forest biorefining model is emerging in which high‐value materials would be produced alongside a cellulosic sugar by‐product in facilities scaled to match fiber availability in northern forests. As these emerging biorefining technologies are being developed by private entities, the economics associated with them are little known. The goal of this study is to use publicly available information to carry out an initial techno‐economic assessment for two emerging biorefining technologies: one that produces sugar and hydrolysis lignin (H‐lignin) from thermomechanical pulping (TMP) and another that produces sugar, lignosulfonate, and nanocellulose. The break‐even price for H‐lignin and nanocellulose is estimated for the respective technology and a credit is applied for cellulosic sugar and other co‐product sales based on current market value. It was found that the minimum product selling price (MPSP) for H‐lignin was within the range of high purity lignin but not enough is known about the properties of H‐lignin to determine if this is a reasonable value for prospective end uses. The estimated MPSP of nanocellulose was found to be considerably lower than for more conventional nanocellulose‐producing methods that use Kraft or dissolving pulp as a starting point. The nanocellulose produced through the second process modeled has different properties than conventional nanocellulose, which need to be further explored. Having a sense of the cost to produce these novel materials will help to direct research on viable end uses. The methodology presented, using only publicly available information, can also be replicated for other emerging technologies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evolutionary context can clarify gene names: Teleosts as a case study
Authors: Gasanov Eugene V. , Jędrychowska Justyna , Kuźnicki Jacek , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe developed an ex silico evolutionary‐based systematic synteny approach to define and name the duplicated genes in vertebrates. The first convention for the naming of genes relied on historical precedent, the order in the human genome, and mutant phenotypes in model systems. However, total‐genome duplication that resulted in teleost genomes required the naming of duplicated orthologous genes (ohnologs) in a specific manner. Unfortunately, as we review here, such naming has no defined criteria, and some ohnologs and their orthologs have suffered from incorrect nomenclature, thus creating confusion in comparative genetics and disease modeling. We sought to overcome this barrier by establishing an ex silico evolutionary‐based systematic approach to naming ohnologs in teleosts. We developed software and compared gene synteny in zebrafish using the spotted gar genome as a reference, representing the unduplicated ancestral state. Using new criteria, we identified several hundred potentially misnamed ohnologs and validated the principle manually. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/UKNLa_TvSgY
Global climate change, diet, and the complex relationship between human host and microbiome: Towards an integrated picture
Authors: Catania Francesco , Baedke Jan , Fábregas‐Tejeda Alejandro , Nieves Delgado Abigail , Vitali Valerio , Long Le Anh Nguyen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDietary changes can alter the human microbiome with potential detrimental consequences for health. Given that environment, health, and evolution are interconnected, we ask: Could diet‐driven microbiome perturbations have consequences that extend beyond their immediate impact on human health? We address this question in the context of the urgent health challenges posed by global climate change. Drawing on recent studies, we propose that not only can diet‐driven microbiome changes lead to dysbiosis, they can also shape life‐history traits and fuel human evolution. We posit that dietary shifts prompt mismatched microbiome‐host genetics configurations that modulate human longevity and reproductive success. These mismatches can also induce a heritable intra‐holobiont stress response, which encourages the holobiont to re‐establish equilibrium within the changed nutritional environment. Thus, while mismatches between climate change‐related genetic and epigenetic configurations within the holobiont increase the risk and severity of diseases, they may also affect life‐history traits and facilitate adaptive responses. These propositions form a framework that can help systematize and address climate‐related dietary challenges for policy and health interventions.
Boosting energy harvesting performances of fine‐grained piezoceramics by samarium doping strategy
Authors: Yan Jing , Hou Yudong , Yu Xiaole , Zheng Mupeng , Zhu Mankang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe construction of fine‐grained piezoceramics with large transduction coefficient (d33 × g33) and mechanical properties is the key to the development of high‐quality piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs). In this work, samarium doping strategy is used to optimize the properties of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.20(Zr1/2Ti1/2)0.80O3 (0.2PZN‐0.8PZT) piezoceramics. The results show that Sm2O3 additive can effectively refine the grain size accompanied with the enhanced mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the Sm2O3 addition induced the formation of local structural heterogeneity accompanied by the reduced domain size, which boosts the transduction coefficient. A cantilever beam type PEH was further assembled from the preferred samarium modified material, and the power density was up to 489 μW/cm3 at 1 g acceleration. Excitingly, its relative charging ability to commercial electrolytic capacitor has a relative enhancement of ~91% compared to the undoped counterpart. This work not only provides a piezoceramic with excellent energy harvesting characteristics, but also demonstrates a new important paradigm for the development of fast‐charging microelectronic storage devices in wireless sensor networks.