bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Soccer: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association has sponsored men's soccer programs since 1959, and the popularity of the sport has grown over time.

Background
Routine examinations of athlete injuries are important for identifying emerging temporal patterns.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 8.51 per 1000 athlete exposures. Lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains) (9.2%), hamstring tears (7.0%), and concussions (5.2%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Rates of lateral ligament complex tears remained stable from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019, whereas hamstring tear rates decreased and concussion rates increased.

Summary
The findings of this study were in line with the existing epidemiological evidence, although notable temporal patterns were observed. Incidence trajectories of commonly observed injuries warrant particular attention in the future.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Soccer: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association held the first women's soccer championship in 1982; sponsorship and participation have greatly increased since.

Background
Routine examinations of athlete injuries are important for identifying emerging temporal patterns.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 seasons were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 8.33 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains) (8.6%), concussions (8.3%), and quadriceps tears (5.0%) were the most commonly reported injuries. Rates of lateral ligament complex tears followed an increasing trajectory during the study period, whereas quadriceps tear rates fluctuated during the early years, and concussion rates decreased then increased.

Summary
The findings of this study were mostly consistent with existing evidence; notable temporal patterns were observed with regard to lateral ligament complex tears and concussions.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Cross-Country: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association has sponsored men's cross-country programs since 1938, and the sport has grown greatly in scope since then.

Background
Routine examinations of men's cross-country injuries are important for identifying emerging temporal patterns.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 4.01 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Most reported injuries were inflammatory conditions (30.2%), strains (18.7%), and sprains (11.5%); rates of inflammatory conditions were highest in preseason. The most commonly reported injuries were lateral ligament complex tears (ankle sprains; 8.2%).

Summary
Findings of this study were not entirely consistent with existing evidence; continued monitoring of competition injury rates and rates of commonly reported injuries is needed beyond 2018–2019.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Field Hockey: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Nedimyer Aliza K. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. , Morris Sarah N. , Chandran Avinash 
Published: July 2021

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association has sponsored women's field hockey since 1981, and team membership as well as student-athlete participation has grown over time.

Background
Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 6.27 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Head/face injuries (16.0%) and thigh injuries (12.3%) were the most commonly injured body parts during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 academic years. Concussion (8.6%) was the most commonly reported injury, and concussion rates notably decreased between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019.

Summary
Study findings were generally consistent with the existing epidemiologic evidence. Incidence rates and trajectories of commonly observed injuries warrant particular attention in the future.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Football: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Powell Jacob R. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
Football is among the most popular collegiate sports in the United States, and participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football has risen in recent years.

Background
Continued monitoring of football injuries is important for capturing the evolving burden of injuries in NCAA football. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of football-related injuries among men's NCAA football players during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 academic years.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 9.31 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Most injuries occurred during general play (17.5%), blocking (15.8%), and tackling (14.0%). Concussions (7.5%), lateral ligament complex tears (6.9%), and hamstring tears (4.7%) were the most commonly reported injuries.

Conclusions
Results of this study were generally consistent with previous findings, though changes over time in rates of commonly reported injuries warrant attention. Continued monitoring of injury incidence is needed to appraise the effectiveness of recently implemented rules changes.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Track and Field: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Chandran Avinash , Morris Sarah N. , Roby Patricia R. , Boltz Adrian J. , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. 
Published: July 2021

Context
Women's track and field events at the National Collegiate Athletic Association level have grown in popularity in recent years, and track and field athletes are vulnerable to a broad range of potential injuries.

Background
Routine examination of track and field injuries is important for identifying emerging patterns in injury incidence.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 academic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 2.20 per 1000 athlete exposures; the competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate (injury rate ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.51, 1.97). Hamstring tears (8.9%), medial tibial stress syndrome (5.4%), and lateral ligament complex tears (4.2%) were the most reported injuries.

Conclusions
Given the results of this study, further attention may be directed toward factors associated with noncontact injury risk in the competitions. The changing injury rates of most reported injuries also warrant monitoring post 2018–2019.
Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Men's Ice Hockey: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019
Authors: Boltz Adrian J. , Nedimyer Aliza K. , Chandran Avinash , Robison Hannah J. , Collins Christy L. , Morris Sarah N. 
Published: July 2021

Context
The National Collegiate Athletic Association has supported men's ice hockey, a distinct sport that mandates high-velocity gamesmanship, since 1974.

Background
Injury surveillance systems are designed to identify evolving injury trends and their temporal qualities. Continual monitoring of collegiate men's ice hockey athletes remains essential.

Methods
Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios (IRR) were used to examine differential injury rates.

Results
The overall injury rate was 7.65 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Injuries from competition occurred at a rate nearly 7 times that from practice injuries (IRR = 6.54, 95% CI = 6.08, 7.04). The most common specific injury diagnoses were concussions (9.6%), acromioclavicular sprains (7.3%), and medial collateral ligament tears (3.7%).

Summary
Injury rates by event type and season segment were higher than previously reported. Contusions accounted for nearly a quarter of all injuries, and acromioclavicular sprain rates increased notably across the study period.
The effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol solution and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength to bleached dentin
Authors: Srivastava Manvi , Yeluri Ramakrishna 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength (SBS) to bleached human dentin.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study was done on 200 extracted premolars which were decoronated and grinded to get flat dentin surface occlusaly. They were divided into four groups: (a) bleaching, (b) bleaching and application of alpha-tocopherol, (c) bleaching and application of grape seed extract, and (d) control. Groups were further subdivided into Subgroups I and II (n = 30) based on storage period before building with composite and were then tested for microhardness and SBS determination. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis which was performed using ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test. The significance for the entire statistical test was predetermined at P < 0.05.

Results:
The results showed that the microhardness values were minimum in Group A (immediately after bleaching) and maximum in control group. Comparison of data using one-way ANOVA showed that the P value was highly significant (P < 0.001) among the groups. The intergroup comparison of SBS using post hoc Tukey's tests revealed that the P value was significant (P < 0.05) when the comparison was done between the Group A and Group C and Group B with Group D immediately after bleaching.

Conclusion:
Adverse effects of bleaching can be reversed with the application of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract over the dentinal surface microhardness and SBS.
Taxifolin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative ovarian damage in rats
Authors: Kiremitli Sevil , Kiremitli Tunay , Nayki Umit , Yilmaz Nesrin , Turkler Can , Dinc Kemal , Mammadov Renad , Yazici Gulce Naz , Gulaboglu Mine , Cetin Nihal 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To investigate preventive effects of taxifolin on ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative ovarian damage in rats.

Methods:
A total of 18 female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: the sham group, the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group, and the 50 mg/kg taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group. The ovarian ischemia reperfusion and taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion groups were exposed to ischemia for 2 h and then followed by two-hour reperfusion protocol. Biochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed on the extracted ovaries.

Results:
Levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 were increased, while reduced-glutathione and cyclooxygenase-1 were decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group. However, these values were reversed in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group. Similarly, the number of primordial and developing follicules decreased in the ovarian ischemia reperfusion group, while they were within normal range in the taxifolin+ovarian ischemia reperfusion group.

Conclusions:
Ischemia followed by reperfusion leads to oxidative stress-related ovarian injury, and taxifolin may be useful for protecting ovarian tissue from such injury.
The Effect of Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation Technique on Postoperative Pain, Activity Tolerance, and Sleeping Quality in Patients Undergoing Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Ibrahim Heba Abdel-Fatah , Elgzar Wafaa Taha , Hablas Reda Mhmoud 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Inadequate pain management and sleep disturbances of patients undergoing gynecological surgery are associated with delayed recovery time. This study aimed to assess the effect of Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation Technique (JPRT) on postoperative pain, activity tolerance, and sleeping quality in patients undergoing gynecological surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department/Damanhour educational institute, Elbehira, Egypt. The study sample involved 116 patients undergoing gynecological surgery who were equally distributed between intervention and control groups. Data collected from April to September 2019. Four tools were used for data collection: Demographic data interview schedule, pain analog scale, activity tolerance questionnaire, and the Groningen sleeping quality scale. For the intervention group, the women were asked to perform JPRT for 30 min on the second and third postoperative day, three times a day. SPSS 23.0 is used to analyze data using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, independent t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). A significance level considered at p < 0.05.

Results:
The study results showed that JPRT significantly improves pain, sleep quality, and activity tolerance mean scores among the intervention group compared to the control group (F1 = 119.13, p < 0.001), (F1 = 361.49, p < 0.001), and (F1 = 157.49, p < 0.001), respectively. ANCOVA results showed that 33% of the decreased pain score, 12% of decreased sleeping quality score, and 26% of improved activity tolerance score are due to JPRT.

Conclusion:
JPRT should be offered as a part of standard postoperative nursing care for patients undergoing gynecological surgery to control pain and improve sleeping quality and activity tolerance.
The Relationship between Self-Compassion and the Experience of Memorial Symptoms in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Zarei Kolsoom , Musarezaie Amir , Ashouri Elaheh 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Patients with Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer experience a range of physical and psychological memorial symptoms after developing cancer and beginning to receive medical care. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and the experience of memorial symptoms in patients with GI cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in July to August 2019. The study sample included 190 patients admitted to Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital, with GI cancer who entered the study by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a patient demographic information form, Neff's Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and the Memorial Symptoms Assessment Scale (MSAS) and then analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS-20.

Results:
The mean (SD) total score of self-compassion was 86.67 (16.65) out of 130, and the mean (SD) total score of memorial symptoms was 1.40 (0.64) out of 4 in patients with GI cancer. The most frequently reported physical symptom was lack of energy, with an 86.84% prevalence, and the most frequently reported psychological symptoms included worrying and feeling nervous, with 70.52% prevalence rates. The total score of self-compassion was inversely correlated with the total score of memorial symptoms, the score of psychological symptoms, and the score of physical symptoms. Furthermore, the total score of the memorial symptoms was inversely correlated with the scores of all the self-compassion components (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Cancer patients had memorial symptoms in both physical and psychological domains. These symptoms decrease with an increase in self-compassion, so compassion-based educational interventions by nurses can be used to reduce these symptoms.
A Comparison of the Risk for Chronic Fascioliasis between Children 3 to 5 Years and Children 6 to 12 Years of Age in the Cusco Region of Peru
Authors: Tanabe Melinda B. , Caravedo Maria A. , Morales Maria L. , Lopez Martha , White A. Clinton , Baca-Turpo Benicia , Arque Eulogia , Cabada Miguel M. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
School-age children bear the highest burden of fascioliasis in endemic countries. Few studies have addressed Fasciola in preschool children. We performed a secondary data analysis using two Fasciola databases from Cusco, Peru, comparing preschoolers with elementary school children. We included 2,630 children, 50% were female, the median age was 8.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 6.1–10.5), and 15% (396/2,630) were < 5 years of age. Children < 5 years were less likely to be infected with Fasciola hepatica (P = 0.008) and Hymenolepis nana (P < 0.001) and more likely to have anemia (P < 0.001) and a lower median height for age Z (HAZ) score (P = 0.002). Fascioliasis was less common in younger children, but this group may be at higher risk for chronic complications caused by fascioliasis.
Anti-Racism and Anti-Colonialism Praxis in Global Health—Reflection and Action for Practitioners in US Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Daffé Zeinabou Niamé , Guillaume Yodeline , Ivers Louise C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
The movement to decolonize global health and address power inequities among its actors is not new. Founded on the work of colonized and marginalized people themselves, initiatives at universities, schools of public health, and international development organizations have emerged to call for anti-racism and anti-colonialism within the field. US Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) have been less vocal in this wider discussion, despite their large engagement in the field through clinical, research, and medical education activities. As global health practitioners currently based at an AMC, we believe that it is important to critically evaluate our practices. We therefore propose three starting questions for our colleagues and students to consider and act upon as they adopt and navigate a praxis in anti-racism and anti-colonialism as foundational principles in global health. These questions call on us to closely examine the legacies of racism and colonialism in global health, the value placed on different ways of knowing in this field, and our motivations for engaging in this work. They are presented as a tool to reexamine global health, challenging the constructed binary of the “global South” and “global North,” and the perceived ideas of poverty and resource scarcity as the natural immutable reality of the global South.
Gut Helminth Infection-Induced Immunotolerance and Consequences for Human Papillomavirus Persistence
Authors: Clark Eva H. , Gilman Robert H. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. , Gravitt Patti E. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Cervical cancer, a malignancy caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, develops in more than 500,000 women annually. More than 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. A common epidemiological feature of countries with high cervical cancer incidence is a high burden of intestinal helminth infection. The ability of intestinal helminths to trigger immunoregulation, resulting in a “tolerogenic” systemic immune environment, provides fertile soil for the persistence of oncogenic viruses such as HPV. Animal models have shown that intestinal helminth infection permits the persistence of some viruses, however, HPV-specific and human studies are lacking. Large, well-organized trials evaluating the consequences of intestinal helminth infection on the human immune system and HPV persistence may lead to improved strategies for HPV prevention in helminth-endemic regions of the world. Additionally, such studies would offer insight into the specific ways that intestinal helminth infection contributes to immunomodulation, which could identify new therapeutic targets for a range of diseases, from inflammatory disorders to cancer. In this review, we discuss the evidence for helminth-induced systemic and local immune dysregulation, discuss possible mechanisms by which chronic intestinal helminth infection may facilitate HPV persistence, and suggest novel helminth-related interventions that could offer a high leverage (if somewhat unconventional) approach to HPV and cervical cancer control in resource-constrained regions.
La Crosse Virus Disease in the United States, 2003–2019
Authors: Vahey Grace M. , Lindsey Nicole P. , Staples J. Erin , Hills Susan L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
La Crosse virus (LACV) is an arthropod-borne virus that can cause a nonspecific febrile illness, meningitis, or encephalitis. We reviewed U.S. LACV surveillance data for 2003–2019, including human disease cases and nonhuman infections. Overall, 318 counties in 27 states, principally in the Great Lakes, mid-Atlantic, and southeastern regions, reported LACV activity. A total of 1,281 human LACV disease cases were reported, including 1,183 (92%) neuroinvasive disease cases. The median age of cases was 8 years (range: 1 month–95 years); 1,130 (88%) were aged < 18 years, and 754 (59%) were male. The most common clinical syndromes were encephalitis (N = 960; 75%) and meningitis (N = 219, 17%). The case fatality rate was 1% (N = 15). A median of 74 cases (range: 35–130) was reported per year. The average annual national incidence of neuroinvasive disease cases was 0.02 per 100,000 persons. West Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ohio had the highest average annual state incidences (0.16–0.61 per 100,000), accounting for 80% (N = 1,030) of cases. No animal LACV infections were reported. Nine states reported LACV-positive mosquito pools, including three states with no reported human disease cases. La Crosse virus is the most common cause of pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral disease in the United States. However, surveillance data likely underestimate LACV disease incidence. Healthcare providers should consider LACV disease in patients, especially children, with febrile illness, meningitis, or encephalitis in areas where the virus circulates and advise their patients on ways to prevent mosquito bites.