bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample size determination to estimate mediation effects in cell transformation assays: A Bayesian causal model
Authors: Stefanini Federico M. , Magrini Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCell transformation assays (CTAs) are in vitro methods used in the preliminary assessment of the carcinogenic potential of substances. CTAs are promising tests for cosmetic, food, and pharma companies because they are not only quick‐and‐cheap, but also able to reduce animal‐based testing. An assay has the simple structure of a randomized one‐way experiment, where the experimental factor is defined by 5 increasing concentrations. Different families of distributions have been proposed to evaluate the effect of a substance on counts of Type III foci, but all models proposed so far do not consider differences in the number of viable cells and in the total number of foci occurring among Petri dishes. In this article, a Bayesian structural causal model is proposed to distinguish total, direct, and indirect effects of a carcinogen in CTA experiments. The recommended sample size is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation given the type of effect and the magnitude to detect. An informative joint prior distribution on parameters elicited for BALB/c 3T3 CTAs is exploited to obtain the posterior distribution from each simulated dataset.
A multilevel structural equation model for assessing a drug effect on a patient‐reported outcome measure in on‐demand medication data
Authors: Kessels Rob , Moerbeek Mirjam , Bloemers Jos , van der Heijden Peter G.M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze data from a clinical trial investigating the effect of an on‐demand drug for women with low sexual desire. These data consist of a varying number of measurements/events across patients of when the drug was taken, including data on a patient‐reported outcome consisting of five items measuring an unobserved construct (latent variable). Traditionally, these data are aggregated prior to analysis by composing one sum score per event and averaging this sum score over all observed events. In this paper, we explain the drawbacks of this aggregating approach. One drawback is that these averages have different standard errors because the variance of the underlying events differs between patients and because the number of events per patient differs. Another drawback is the implicit assumption that all items have equal weight in relation to the latent variable being measured. We propose a multilevel structural equation model, treating the events (level 1) as nested observations within patients (level 2), as alternative analysis method to overcome these drawbacks. The model we apply includes a factor model measuring a latent variable at the level of the event and at the level of the patient. Then, in the same model, the latent variables are regressed on covariates to assess the drug effect. We discuss the inferences obtained about the efficacy of the on‐demand drug using our proposed model. We further illustrate how to test for measurement invariance across grouping covariates and levels using the same model.
Rejoinder for discussions on correct and logical causal inference for binary and time‐to‐event outcomes in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Bushi , Tian Hong , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur paper differs from previous literature in two ways:

We think in terms of clinical consequences, what benefits patients, what harms patients. Our main message is: using a not logic‐respecting efficacy measure can potentially harm patients in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), as we prove analytically, and demonstrate with the OAK blood‐based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) study.
We follow nature, which mixes effects within each treatment arm. Our secondary message is that following nature to mix within each treatment arm first before calculating any efficacy measure between treatments resolves issues. For example, following natural mixing to prove ratio of time is logic‐respecting avoids the issue that weights of efficacy measures are implicit solution to an equation that depends on the unknown prognostic effect. More importantly, coding subgroup mixable estimation (SEM) by mixing within each treatment arm first and then calculating efficacy will make marginal and conditional efficacy agree, for logic‐respecting efficacy measures (be it a ratio or a difference), no matter the outcome is continuous, binary, or time‐to‐event. One does not have to choose between marginal and conditional.
Fluorescence and crystal structure of SrLa1−xAlO4:xEu3+ phosphor synthesized using a sol–gel method
Authors: Yan Mei , Yue Cheng , Pu Yong , Zhu Dachuan , Yan Qun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe SrLa1−xAlO4:xEu3+ phosphors were obtained using one calcination of a precursor synthesized using a sol–gel method. When excited at 396 nm, this phosphor emits a red light mixed with several strong peaks centred at 596 nm, 616 nm and 625 nm, attributed to 5D0→7F1, 2 transitions of Eu3+ ions, respectively. The concentration quenching occurs at x = 1.5 mol% mol of SrLa1−xEuxAlO4 and the critical energy transfer distance is calculated to be 13.13 Å, the dipole–dipole interaction was found to play a role. In addition, the colour purity could be up to 97.5%. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of SrLaAlO4:Eu3+ was measured and the thermal quenching was found at c. 275°C (T0.5), the excitation energy was 0.19 eV. Current results demonstrate that SrLaAlO4:Eu3+ could be a red component candidate for white light LEDs pumped by near‐UV chips.
Targeting molecular signal transduction pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma and its implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Mir Ishfaq Hassan , Guha Shreyoshi , Behera Jajnasenee , Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is a substantial health concern. It is currently the third dominating cause of mortality associated with cancer worldwide. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is an intricate process that encompasses the impairment of genetic, epigenetic, and signal transduction mechanisms contributing to an aberrant metabolic system, enabling tumorigenesis. Throughout the past decade, research has led to the revelation of molecular pathways implicated in the progression of this notorious disorder. The altered signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, WNT/β‐catenin pathway, hepatocyte growth factor/c‐MET pathway, and just another kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway is of much therapeutic significance, as targeting them may avail to revert, retard or avert hepatocarcinogenesis. The present review article sums up the contemporary knowledge of such signaling mechanisms, including their therapeutic targets and betokens that novel and efficacious therapies can be developed only by the keen understanding of their character in hepatocarcinogenesis. In additament, we address the role of consequential therapeutic agents and preclinical nondrug therapies known for combating hepatocarcinogenesis.
Health‐promoting effect of tofus prepared with mung bean and soybean
Authors: Han Inhwa , Na Sumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesMung bean is a nutritious legume rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals but low in lipid and diverse health‐promoting effects of that were known. This study prepared tofu with mung bean and soybean to incorporate the health‐promoting effect of mung bean into tofu and to extend diversity of food products of mung bean.FindingsFlavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of tofus prepared with mung bean and soybean increased significantly with the addition of mung bean. Meanwhile, total phenolic content and ABTS radical scavenging activity were not significantly different among tofus, and reducing power was higher in tofu made with only mung bean than the other tofus. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory activity was the highest in the tofu with only soybean and decreased with the dosage of mung bean. Tofus with mung bean was more effect to improve cell viability and to reduce nitric oxide production ratio than that with only soybean.ConclusionsThe health‐promoting effects examined in this study were enhanced or similar in tofus with mung bean compared to that with soybean except α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. This result implies that mung bean could be a good source for healthy food and useful ingredient to enhance the effect of diverse food products including tofu.Significance and noveltyThe health‐promoting effect of tofu with mung bean was rarely reported. The result of this study is obvious proof of the health benefit of mung bean resulting the promotion of mung bean consumption.
Palatine tonsil metastasis of cecal mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN): A unique case
Authors: Tsakiraki Zoi , Delides Alexander , Damaskou Vasileia , Psarogiorgou Sofia , Athanasiadis Ilias , Spathis Aris , Giotakis Evangelos , Panayiotides Ioannis G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis case demonstrates the importance of understanding that patients with malignant neoplasms may exhibit metastases in unexpected sites and illustrates the necessity of a thorough clinical examination and pathologic correlation.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and guttate psoriasis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ali Elrazi , Mohamed Abdelaziz , Abuodeh Joud , Albuni Mhd Kutaiba , Al‐Mannai Najlaa , Salameh Sarah , Petkar Mahir , Habas Elmukhtar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGuttate psoriasis is a rare dermatological presentation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and is seen mainly in patients with an underlying disease psoriasis.
Batch Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Light Gasoil over a Bimetallic Nanocatalyst
Authors: Abdulateef Layth T. , Nawaf Amer T. , Al-Janabi Omer Yasin Thayee , Foot Peter J. S. , Mahmood Qahtan A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel AgO/ZnO/HY‐zeolite bimetallic nanocatalyst was designed and synthesized by an impregnation method. The purpose of this nanocatalyst was to remove dibenzothiophene as the primary sulfur content from a model light gasoil in a catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocatalyst were determined by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The ODS study revealed high sulfur conversion under optimal ODS reaction conditions and very good reusability of the catalyst after recycling five times.
Binding Sites, Vibrations and Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Times in Europium(II)‐Based Metallofullerene Spin Qubits
Authors: Hu Ziqi , Ullah Aman , Prima‐Garcia Helena , Chin Sang‐Hyun , Wang Yuanyuan , Aragó Juan , Shi Zujin , Gaita‐Ariño Alejandro , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo design molecular spin qubits with enhanced quantum coherence, a control of the coupling between the local vibrations and the spin states is crucial, which could be realized in principle by engineering molecular structures via coordination chemistry. To this end, understanding the underlying structural factors that govern the spin relaxation is a central topic. Here, we report the investigation of the spin dynamics in a series of chemically designed europium(II)‐based endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). By introducing a unique structural difference, i. e. metal‐cage binding site, while keeping other molecular parameters constant between different complexes, these manifest the key role of the three low‐energy metal‐displacing vibrations in mediating the spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1). The temperature dependence of T1 can thus be normalized by the frequencies of these low energy vibrations to show an unprecedentedly universal behavior for EMFs in frozen CS2 solution. Our theoretical analysis indicates that this structural difference determines not only the vibrational rigidity but also spin‐vibration coupling in these EMF‐based qubit candidates.
Design of Stimuli‐Responsive Dynamic Covalent Delivery Systems for Volatile Compounds (Part 1): Controlled Hydrolysis of Micellar Amphiphilic Imines in Water
Authors: Lutz Eric , Moulin Emilie , Tchakalova Vera , Benczédi Daniel , Herrmann Andreas , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite their intrinsic hydrolysable character, imine bonds can become remarkably stable in water when self‐assembled in amphiphilic micellar structures. In this work, we systematically studied some of these structures and the influence of various parameters that can be used to take control of their hydrolysis, including pH, concentration, the position of the imine function in the amphiphilic structure, relative lengths of the linked hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Thermodynamic and kinetic data led us to the rational design of stable imines in water, partly based on the location of the imine function within the hydrophobic part of the amphiphile and on a predictable quantitative term that we define as the total hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB). In addition, we show that such stable systems are also stimuli‐responsive and therefore, of potential interest in trapping and releasing micellar components on demand.
Type‐II Clathrate Na24‐δGe136 from a Redox‐Preparation Route
Authors: Feng Xian‐Juan , Bobnar Matej , Lerch Swantje , Biller Harry , Schmidt Marcus , Baitinger Michael , Strassner Thomas , Grin Yuri , Böhme Bodo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe metastable type‐II clathrate Na24‐δGe136 was obtained from Na12Ge17 by applying a two‐step procedure. At first, Na12Ge17 was reacted at 70 °C with a solution of benzophenone in the ionic liquid (IL) 1,3‐dibutyl‐2‐methylimidazolium‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) azanide. The IL was inert towards Na12Ge17, but capable of dissolving the sodium salts formed in the redox reaction. By annealing at 340 °C under an argon atmosphere, the X‐ray amorphous intermediate product was transformed to crystalline Na24‐δGe136 (δ≈2) and α‐Ge in an about 1 : 1 mass ratio. The product was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and 23Na solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Metallic properties of Na24‐δGe136 were revealed by a significant Knight shift of the 23Na NMR signals and by a Pauli‐paramagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility. At room temperature, Na24‐δGe136 slowly ages, with a tendency to volume decrease and sodium loss.
Insights Into the Mechanism of Energy Transfer with Poly(Heptazine Imide)s in a Deoximation Reaction
Authors: Galushchinskiy Alexey , ten Brummelhuis Katharina , Antonietti Markus , Savateev Aleksandr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFollowing our previous studies on potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI), that is, catalyzed photooxidative [3+2] aldoxime‐to‐nitrile addition to form 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles, we discovered that electron‐rich oximes yield the parent aldehydes instead of target products. In this work, the mechanism of this singlet oxygen‐mediated deoximation process was established using a series of control reactions and spectroscopic measurements such as steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence quenching experiments. Additionally, the singlet‐triplet energy gap value was obtained for K‐PHI in suspension, and the reaction scope was broadened to include ketoximes.
Optimizing selection indices in sugarcane seedlings
Authors: Yang Kun , Jackson Phillip Andrew , Wei Xianming , Wu Cai Wen , Qing Wei , Zhao Jun , Yao Li , Zhao Liping , Zhao Yong , Zhao Peifang , Chen Xuekuan , Liu Jiayong , Li Fu‐qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelection of superior clones in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding programs follows a multistage process, starting in the first stage with selection of seedlings grown from seeds obtained from crosses. Effective selection of seedlings is important but notoriously difficult. Selection validity is affected by experimental error variation and interplant competition effects and is also complicated by the need to consider many different traits that affect economic value of cultivars (e.g., cane yield, sugar content, fiber content, disease resistance, etc.). In this study, we developed an optimized protocol for selection of sugarcane seedlings that balances the desire to maximize genetic gains but also be cost and labor efficient. A population of seedlings in commercial sugarcane breeding programs was first evaluated in a field trial (Stage 1). A subset of the population was then taken at random and grown in a subsequent trial (Stage 2) for evaluation in small plots. Minor modifications to application of the complete selection index that would greatly reduce labor requirements but have only a small impact on reducing genetic gains were then explored, to identify optimal selection protocols for routine application in commercial breeding programs. A procedure is recommended for routine selection of seedlings that involves (a) selection of families based on an index of four traits (stalk diameter, stalk height, trashiness, and pith rating, all derived from measurements of a small sample of seedlings in each family), followed by (b) sequential measurement and culling of individual seedlings in each selected family based on (in order) trashiness, stalk diameter, and pith rating.
Reading the Digital Muslim Romance
Authors: Izharuddin Alicia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article considers the practices of social formation on the online self‐publishing platform Wattpad. Interactive and interfaced with other social media, Wattpad was founded in 2006 by Allen Lau and Ivan Yuen to facilitate self‐publishing by well‐known and emerging authors alike. Wattpad is popular among Malay readers and authors in Malaysia with stories clocking up millions of reads each. Most stories are aimed at women readers and preoccupied with themes of love and romance. However, this article turns its attention to the much‐read Wattpad stories about forced marriage and romantic Islamic masculinity, the kinds of affordances Wattpad provides for Malay language authors and their readership, and the reading publics they cultivate. This article frames Wattpad as an archive of affect for vernacular religious engagement that mirrors the alternative spaces that women occupy as digital labourers and as agents of religious knowledge. It shows that digital spaces are affective spaces as much as they are domains that replicate and rewrite sharia‐compliant gendered and religious relations offline.
Emerging Islamic Representations in the Cambodian Muslim Social Media Scene: Complex Divides and Muted Debates
Authors: Pall Zoltan , Pereiro Alberto Pérez 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the characteristics and structure of the Cambodian Muslim social media scene and considers what they tell us about the sociopolitical setting of the country's Muslim minority. It focuses on how the relationship between Islamic actors of the Cambodian Muslim minority, that is, groups, movements and institutions, and their offline environment shape their online representations and proselytization activities. It particularly considers the observation that theological debate is almost absent in this Islamic social media scene compared to that of other Southeast Asian Muslim societies and attempts to find answers to the question of why this is the case. The article particularly examines the Facebook pages of various Islamic groups and explains the sociopolitical factors and language politics that inform the ways in which they formulate the contents and style of their posts. It shows how the close connections between the political and the religious fields in an authoritarian setting, where the state strongly discourages social discord, have the effect of largely muting debates on social media.
Ambivalence, Discontent, and Divides in Southeast Asia's Islamic Digital Realms: An Introduction
Authors: Slama Martin , Hoesterey James Bourk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis introductory article to the special issue Ambivalence, Discontent, and Divides in Southeast Asia's Islamic Digital Realms discusses the latest transformations in the field of Islam in Southeast Asia with a particular focus on digital media. It introduces the three key themes – ambivalence, discontent, divides – through which the special issue approaches contemporary socioreligious phenomena in Islamic Southeast Asia as they find their expressions online, often in close relation with offline dynamics. This approach allows this special issue to uncover the possibilities and predicaments afforded by engagement with digital and social media across Islamic Southeast Asia, understanding the latter as the locus of complex contestations, unanticipated affect, and poignant uncertainty. This introduction points to such un‐ or underexplored phenomena that considerably add to our understanding of religious and sociopolitical developments in contemporary Southeast Asia. The articles are introduced by highlighting how they contribute to our understanding of a broad mosaic of Islamic digital realms and how the latter have become sites of ambivalence, discontent, and divides. From Sufis to Salafis, masculinities to queer identities, and serious theologies to ludic critique, the case studies of this special issue devote special attention to the ambiguity, uneasiness, and division that marks Muslim engagement with digital domains across Southeast Asia.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of fish assemblages in mountain streams of the Ren River, southwest China
Authors: Liu Fei , Lin Pengcheng , Liu Huanzhang , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spatial–temporal patterns of fish assemblages in lotic systems can provide useful information in developing effective conservation measures. This study aimed to explore the spatial and seasonal changes in fish assemblages and their association with environmental factors in mountain streams of the Ren River, southwest China. Field investigations were conducted at 18 sites during the rainy and dry seasons in 2017. A total of 1,330 individuals, belonging to three orders, eight families, 19 genera, and 21 species, were collected. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the structure of fish assemblages varied significantly at the spatial scale, but not at the seasonal scale. In low‐order sites, fish assemblages were mainly dominated by cold‐water and rheophilic species (e.g., Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Scaphesthes macrolepis, Metahomaloptera omeiensis, and Gnathopogon herzensteini), while those in high‐order sites were predominated by warm‐water and eurytopic or stagnophilic species (e.g., Squalidus argentatus, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Zacco platypus). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the fish assemblages were structured by a combination of large‐scale landscape factors (e.g., altitude and C‐link) and small‐scale habitat features (e.g., channel width, water temperature, and depth). Among these factors, landscape had the greatest influence on fish assemblages, while local habitat variables were less important or were only significant in certain seasons.