bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal oxidized soybean oil exposure in rats during lactation damages offspring kidneys via Nrf2/HO‐1 and NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Feng , Guo Zhiqiang , Gao Yanan , Wang Chuanqi , Wang Huiting , Yao Xinxin , Shi Baoming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCooking oil is an indispensable component of the human diet. However, oils usually undergo thermal oxidation. Oxidized soybean oil (OSO) has been shown to have detrimental effects on humans and has emerged as a root cause of many chronic diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of puerpera exposure to OSO on kidney damage in the mother and offspring using lactating rats as an experimental model.RESULTSPathological sections and ultrastructure showed that OSO exposure resulted in various levels of damage to lactating rats and their offspring. OSO induced oxidative stress in the kidneys of lactating rats, as evidenced by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐8. OSO increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. OSO upregulated the expression of apoptosis‐related genes, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor κB‐related inflammatory factor genes. In the offspring of the OSO‐exposed mothers, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha contents were increased. Furthermore, OSO enhanced the levels of Nrf2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase 1, and p65 and decreased B‐cell lymphoma 2.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicated that the kidneys of two generations of rats were compromised by oxidative damage when fed OSO during lactation. This study provides evidence for increasing the genes expression of the Nrf2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway to alleviate the kidney damage caused by OSO in the mother and offspring. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Low temperature sensitivity of picophytoplankton P : B ratios and growth rates across a natural 10°C temperature gradient in the oligotrophic Indian Ocean
Authors: Landry Michael R. , Selph Karen E. , Hood Raleigh R. , Davies Claire H. , Beckley Lynnath E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigated temperature sensitivities of picophytoplankton growth along a natural 10°C (18–28°C) temperature gradient in the eastern Indian Ocean characterized by deep mixing and consistently low dissolved nitrogen. Population biomass (B), cell carbon, and chlorophyll were measured by flow cytometry. Instantaneous growth (μ) and production (P) were calculated from dilution incubations at four light levels. Contrary to most empirical and theoretical predictions, Prochlorococcus, the biomass dominant, showed insignificant temperature sensitivity, with nominal Q10 values of 1.06 and 1.18 for P : B and μ, respectively, and activation energies (Ea) of 0.05 and 0.12 eV. Q10 and Ea values for Synechococcus (1.36–1.42 and 0.23–0.27 eV) were also below prediction, and picoeukaryotes showed high variability, including negative rates suggesting lytic cycles, at high temperature. We emphasize the importance of using adapted communities in natural environmental gradients to test climate predictions and hypothesize that mortality defenses are a significant selection criterion in balanced oligotrophic systems.
Asymmetric Mass Transport through Dense Heterogeneous Polymer Membranes: Fundamental Principles, Lessons from Nature, and Artificial Systems
Authors: Kamtsikakis Aristotelis , Weder Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany organisms rely on directional water transport schemes for the purpose of water retention and collection. Directional transport of water and other fluids is also technologically relevant, for example to harvest water, in separation processes, packaging solutions, functional clothing, and many other applications. One strategy to promote mass transport along a preferential direction is to create compositionally asymmetric, multi‐layered, or compositionally graded architectures. In recent years, the investigation of natural and artificial membranes based on this design has attracted growing interest and allowed researchers to develop a good understanding of how the properties of such membranes can be tailored to meet the demands of particular applications. Here a summary of theoretical works on mass transport through dense asymmetric membranes, comprehensive reviews of biological and artificial membranes featuring this design, and a discussion of applications, remaining questions, and opportunities are provided.
AKT1/HK2 Axis‐mediated Glucose Metabolism: A Novel Therapeutic Target of Sulforaphane in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Huang Lei , He Canxia , Zheng Sicong , Wu Chao , Ren Minghua , Shan Yujuan 
Published: November 2021

ScopeMetabolic disorder is a pivotal hallmark of cancer cells. Sulforaphane (SFN) is reported to improve lipid metabolism. However, the effect of SFN on glucose metabolism in bladder cancer remains unclear. Hence, the effect and underling mechanism is investigated.Methods and ResultsBiological samples from bladder cancer patients are collected, and also investigated using N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine‐induced bladder cancer mice and bladder cancer cell lines. A novel glucose transport aberrant‐independent aerobic glycolysis is found in bladder cancer patients, and the lower malignancy tissues have the more obvious abnormality. SFN strongly downregulates ATP production by inhibiting glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Both in vitro cell culture and in bladder tumor mice, SFN weaken the glycolytic flux by suppressing multiple metabolic enzymes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Moreover, SFN decreases the level of AKT1 and p‐AKT ser473, especially in low‐invasive UMUC3 cells. The downregulation of ATP and HK2 by SFN is both reversed by AKT1 overexpression.ConclusionsSFN downregulates the unique glucose transport aberrant‐independent aerobic glycolysis existed in bladder cancer via blocking the AKT1/HK2 axis and PDH expression.
Deep‐learning model observer for a low‐contrast hepatic metastases localization task in computed tomography
Authors: Gong Hao , Fletcher Joel G. , Heiken Jay P. , Wells Michael L. , Leng Shuai , McCollough Cynthia H. , Yu Lifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeConventional model observers (MO) in CT are often limited to a uniform background or varying background that is random and can be modeled in an analytical form. It is unclear if these conventional MOs can be readily generalized to predict human observer performance in clinical CT tasks that involve realistic anatomical background. Deep‐learning‐based model observers (DL‐MO) have recently been developed, but have not been validated for challenging low contrast diagnostic tasks in abdominal CT. We consequently sought to validate a DL‐MO for a low‐contrast hepatic metastases localization task.MethodsWe adapted our recently developed DL‐MO framework for the liver metastases localization task. Our previously‐validated projection‐domain lesion‐/noise‐insertion techniques were used to synthesize realistic positive and low‐dose abdominal CT exams, using the archived patient projection data. Ten experimental conditions were generated, which involved different lesion sizes/contrasts, radiation dose levels, and image reconstruction types. Each condition included 100 trials generated from a patient cohort of 7 cases. Each trial was presented as liver image patches (160×160×5 voxels). The DL‐MO performance was calculated for each condition and was compared with human observer performance, which was obtained by three sub‐specialized radiologists in an observer study. The performance of DL‐MO and radiologists was gauged by the area under localization receiver‐operating‐characteristic curves. The generalization performance of the DL‐MO was estimated with the repeated twofold cross‐validation method over the same set of trials used in the human observer study. A multi‐slice Channelized Hoteling Observers (CHO) was compared with the DL‐MO across the same experimental conditions.ResultsThe performance of DL‐MO was highly correlated to that of radiologists (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.987; 95% CI: [0.942, 0.997]). The performance level of DL‐MO was comparable to that of the grouped radiologists, that is, the mean performance difference was ‐3.3%. The CHO performance was poorer than the grouped radiologist performance, before internal noise could be added. The correlation between CHO and radiologists was weaker (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.812, and 95% CI: [0.378, 0.955]), and the corresponding performance bias (‐29.5%) was statistically significant.ConclusionThe presented study demonstrated the potential of using the DL‐MO for image quality assessment in patient abdominal CT tasks.
Myocardial blood flow is the dominant factor influencing cardiac magnetic resonance adenosine stress T2
Authors: Weyers Jill J. , Ramanan Venkat , Javed Ahsan , Barry Jennifer , Larsen Melissa , Nayak Krishna , Wright Graham A. , Ghugre Nilesh R. 
Published: November 2021

Stress imaging identifies ischemic myocardium by comparing hemodynamics during rest and hyperemic stress. Hyperemia affects multiple hemodynamic parameters in myocardium, including myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial blood volume (MBV), and venous blood oxygen levels (PvO2). Cardiac T2 is sensitive to these changes and therefore is a promising non‐contrast option for stress imaging; however, the impact of individual hemodynamic factors on T2 is poorly understood, making the connection from altered T2 to changes within the tissue difficult. To better understand this interplay, we performed T2 mapping and measured various hemodynamic factors independently in healthy pigs at multiple levels of hyperemic stress, induced by different doses of adenosine (0.14‐0.56 mg/kg/min). T1 mapping quantified changes in MBV. MBF was assessed with microspheres, and oxygen consumption was determined by the rate pressure product (RPP). Simulations were also run to better characterize individual contributions to T2.Myocardial T2, MBF, oxygen consumption, and MBV all changed to varying extents between each level of adenosine stress (T2 = 37.6‐41.8 ms; MBF = 0.48‐1.32 mL/min/g; RPP = 6507‐4001 bmp*mmHg; maximum percent change in MBV = 1.31%). Multivariable analyses revealed MBF as the dominant influence on T2 during hyperemia (significant β‐values >7). Myocardial oxygen consumption had almost no effect on T2 (β‐values <0.002); since PvO2 is influenced by both oxygen consumption and MBF, PvO2 changes detected by T2 during adenosine stress can be attributed to MBF. Simulations varying PvO2 and MBV confirmed that PvO2 had the strongest influence on T2, but MBV became important at high PvO2. Together, these data suggest a model where, during adenosine stress, myocardial T2 responds predominantly to changes in MBF, but at high hyperemia MBV is also influential. Thus, changes in adenosine stress T2 can now be interpreted in terms of the physiological changes that led to it, enabling T2 mapping to become a viable non‐contrast option to detect ischemic myocardial tissue.
A systematic study of temperature‐dependent cationic photopolymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Mete Yazgan , Knaack Patrick , Liska Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe polymerization of cyclic esters to form polyesters is a thoroughly investigated topic and can be performed via anionic, cationic or metal‐mediated techniques. While there have been attempts to apply light‐induced on‐demand initiation techniques, in most investigations photobase generators are used. In this work the focus lies on photoacid generators, which – contrary to many photobase generators – are easily stored, thermally stable, reactive, less sensitive towards water and oxygen inhibition and commercially available in various forms. However, in most cases the low reactivity of the monomers requires long polymerization times. Therefore, this study provides a basic study of the temperature‐dependent cationic photopolymerization of cyclic esters and shows that polyesters can be formed in less than 5 min of irradiation at elevated temperatures and without solvents, leading to highly crystalline products. In addition, the temperature‐dependent crystallinity, molecular weights and dispersities of the polymers are investigated and presented. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Accelerated lifetime testing of thin‐film solar cells at high irradiances and controlled temperatures
Authors: Burlafinger Klaus , Strohm Sebastian , Joisten Christoph , Woiton Michael , Classen Andrej , Hepp Johannes , Heumüller Thomas , Brabec Christoph J. , Vetter Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWithin this study, we investigate the intrinsic photostability of thin‐film solar cells, here organic photovoltaic cells. Since degradation under natural sun light proceeds within the timeframe of months and years, the process needs to be speeded up for fast material analysis and screening, using high‐concentration accelerated lifetime testing (high‐C ALT). For this purpose, we established setups allowing irradiances of up to 730 sun equivalents (SE). One key finding of our study is that accelerating the testing procedure by such large intensities is possible but a precise measurement and control of the solar cell temperature is absolutely essential. Accordingly, we developed an innovative method of determining the temperature of the active layer which offers significant advantages over commonly used measurement methods. Furthermore, it was found that the degradation process under high illumination densities can be well described by a stretched exponential law. We demonstrate that the temperature kinetics of P3HT:PCBM was found to be Arrhenius governed with an activation energy of 27.2 kJ/mol under continuous illumination of 300 SE. Finally, it was shown that the velocity of light‐induced degradation of short‐circuit current depends linearly on the used irradiance dose at a given temperature starting from normal illumination conditions up to at least 300 SE. This makes high‐C ALT a very valuable tool for swift screening of the lifetime of novel thin‐film solar cells and materials.
A robust hybrid exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring time between events
Authors: Khan Majid , Aslam Muhammad , Anwar Syed Masroor , Zaman Babar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonitoring time between events () is an essential aspect of the high‐yield processes where the events of interest rarely occur. This study proposes a one‐sided scheme of a hybrid exponentially weighted moving average (HEWMA) chart for monitoring , where it is assumed that the observations follow a gamma distribution. This chart is symbolized as the chart. The chart detects the downward shift, that is, a decrease in the interarrival times that can lead to a deterioration of the process. A simulation study is carried out for the numerical results, and one‐sided chart is evaluated along with one‐sided triple (, double , , double , and charts. The results show that the one‐sided chart outperforms its rivals, particularly in the case of small‐to‐moderate downward shifts. Moreover, this study also investigated the robustness of the chart, where the true distribution of the observations is assumed to be Weibull or lognormal, and it is found that the chart is reasonably robust. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate how to use the chart in real‐world situations.
Platinum(II)‐mediated disulfide/thiolate interconversion in organic disulfides: Density functional theory thermodynamic study
Authors: Petrov Alexander I. , Dergachev Ilya D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a complete Density Functional Theory (DFT) study of the thermodynamics of the reactions of disulfides (l‐cystine, cystamine, dl‐homocystine, and 3,3′‐dithiodipropionic acid) with Pt(II) ions in aqueous media. SMD solvation model was fitted to take into account the solvation effects of the medium. DFT calculations predict the oxidative addition reaction with the formation of thiolate complexes of Pt(IV)—[PtCl4(S‐R)2] which is consistent with experimental data. We propose a theoretical model that rationalizes the experimental data on Pt(II) interactions with homological disulfides. The role of explicit solvation in reactions is also investigated. We propose that the stability of S,S′‐binuclear disulfide complexes correlates with the redistribution of charges on sulfur atoms. We compared MN15 and PBE0 functionals for the calculation of equilibrium constants.
Design of a vibration damping robot and force evaluation in intraoperative robotic‐assisted femoral shaft repair using a modified soft damper
Authors: Orelaja Oluseyi A. , Xingsong Wang , Li Jie , Sh Dauda Ibrahim , Afiz Ishola. A. , Odunlami S.A. , Badmos Abdulyezir A. , Sharif Umer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundClosed intra‐medullary nailing fixation is a method for treating fractured femurs with minimal invasiveness. However, this method lacks safety and precision. To avert prevailing problems such as extended cracks in the already broken bone, the design of a vibration damping robot and force evaluation system is essential.MethodsThis paper presents a sensor‐based clamping robot system embedded with a regulated pressurised air balloon. Drilling forces were monitored by a force sensor attached to the end robot effector, while the reduced vibration result was measured by a non‐contact laser displacement sensor. A 2 degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) model was developed.ResultsForce and vibration data were obtained using a data acquisition module (EMS 309) and analysed using MATLAB software (Version R2015b). The results obtained show that both the frequencies and amplitudes of the vibration is reduced at 6 bar with effector's spindle speed of 1500 rpm.ConclusionsThis proposed concept shows that drilling force and vibration can be reduced simultaneously using a robot effector coupled with a damper.
Finite‐time stabilization for a class of stochastic output‐constrained systems by output feedback
Authors: Fang Liandi , Ma Li , Park Ju H. , Ding Shihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the issue of output feedback finite‐time stabilization is investigated for a class ofp‐norm stochastic systems with output constraints. A novel tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is constructed to cope with the constraint on the system output, and a finite‐time state feedback controller is subsequently designed by the adding a power integrator technique. Then, based on the designed state feedback controller and a devised nonsmooth observer for the unmeasurable state, the output feedback finite‐time stabilizer is obtained. Both the theoretical analysis and numerical example demonstrate that the proposed scheme guarantees the finite‐time stability of the considered system without violating the prespecified output constraint.
Model‐free adaptive tracking control for networked nonlinear systems with data dropout
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe data‐driven tracking control problem is investigated for networked nonlinear systems subjected to data dropout. The desired time‐varying output trajectory is considered in this article, which is more general than the constant trajectory. In order to improve the tracking performance, the change rate of tracking error is additionally introduced to the performance index to design model‐free adaptive controller. Accordingly, more adjustable parameters are introduced into the controller. With the help of the approximation ability of RBFNN, an RBFNN estimation algorithm is designed to compensate for the adverse effects of data dropout. It is shown that the proposed controller can guarantee the system output to track the desired time‐varying output trajectory. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Exponential tracking control of MIMO nonlinear systems with actuator failures and nonparametric uncertainties
Authors: Gao Ruizhen , Wang Haoqian , Zhao Lin , Zhao Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExponential tracking control of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems is of great importance to system performance, which however poses significant difficulty in control design. The problem becomes even more challenging if actuator failures and nonparametric uncertainties are present. In this article, we apply the so‐called exponential‐transformation to the nonlinear dynamics and derive a robust control algorithm based on the transformed dynamics to achieve exponential tracking. In contrast to most of the existing works which consider prescribed performance, the developed control design method possesses the following features: (1) it achieves robust exponential tracking against actuator failures and nonparametric uncertainties; (2) it allows arbitrarily assignable convergence rate which is independent of the initial conditions; (3) it easily handles actuator failures under very mild assumptions on the high‐frequency gain matrix, which significantly relaxes the traditional design methods; and (4) no approximation using neuro/fuzzy systems is required, making the control algorithm simple and easy to implement. A robotic manipulator control example is employed to validate the proposed methodology.
Group size influences light‐emitting diode light colour and substrate preference of David's Schizothoracin (Schizothorax davidi): Relevance for design of fish passage facilities
Authors: Li Weiwei , Bao Jianghui , Zhang Chaoshuo , Mi Xiangyuan , Zhang Dongxu , Jiang Hao , Twardek William M. , Cooke Steven J. , Duan Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFish passage structures have been constructed to facilitate fish movement past barriers, though the effectiveness of passage structures is highly variable. Designing fish passage structures that consider the behavioural preferences of fish under different environmental conditions (e.g., light colour, substrate type) has the potential to improve fish passage success. Similarly, whether a fish encounters a passage facility alone or in a group may influence fish behaviour. In this case, we assessed the preference of different group sizes (n = 1, 6 and 12, respectively) of David's Schizothoracin Schizothorax davidi under four different light‐emitting diode colours and eight different substrate types in the aquaria of the Houziyan Reproduction Station. We found that singletons preferred to visit the white light, cement and fine pebble, while the fish in groups preferred to visit the blue light, fine pebble and cobble. In addition, the total percentage of mobility frequency (18.3 ± 1.8%), movement velocity (20.4 ± 15.9 cm/s) and distance moved (15.8 ± 1.8 m) of singletons in blue light were much lower than that in the others. The movement velocity (3.3 ± 0.6 cm/s) of singletons on cobble was less, but the percentage of total mobility time (162.9 ± 16.0%) and distance moved (153.4 ± 19.6 m) on the cobble were much greater. Our research yielded novel insights for improving passage efficiency for this species. Findings from this study suggest there should be greater consideration of light colour and substrate type when designing fish passage facilities. Because fish almost always experience dynamic hydraulic conditions near and in fishways, additional research is needed to understand the generality of these findings in systems under lotic characteristics.