bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Analysis of a Distributed Actuation-Sensing System Using Direct Field-Feedback for Eddy-Current Pattern Control
Authors: Li Min , Lee Kok-Meng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a direct field-feedback method with an observer for precise control of an eddy-current density (ECD) field induced in an electrically conductive-plate by a set of individually manipulatable currents. The magnetic flux density (MFD) generated by the ECD is measured by an array of MFD sensors, and fed back for compensating external disturbances and time-varying effects of the system parameters and ECD model inaccuracy. For feedback control of the multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) distributed-parameter system, a distributed current source (DCS) method is used to formulate the ECD system in state space, where the conductor is discretized into elemental ECD sources as system state variables providing a basis to design the state controller and observer. Based on the observability of the MFD sensing system and the controllability of the EM actuation system, the controller and observer were designed using a pole-placement method. Results illustrating the design concept are presented, demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method; both well-defined and arbitrary EC contours are considered. While illustrated in the context of controlling an EC pattern, the methods presented here provide the essential basis for designing and controlling a distributed-parameter system utilizing the physical fields of the system for state feedback and error compensation with a distributed set of actuators and sensors.
Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator-Based Robust Region Tracking Control for Multiple Quadrotors
Authors: Lu Qi , Ren Beibei , Ji Yuan-dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the decentralized uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based robust region reaching controller is developed to drive a swarm of quadrotors with the full degrees-of-freedom, nonlinear, coupled and underactuated dynamics to track the trajectory of a moving target region while avoiding collisions among themselves. The backstepping technique is utilized to seamlessly fuse the UDE into the region reaching control framework with the function of estimating and compensating the model uncertainties and external disturbances. Simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for achieving the moving target trajectory tracking even in the presence of external disturbances.
Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Piezoelectrically-Actuated Flexural/Torsional Vibrating Beams
Authors: Salehzadeh Roya , Candelino Nicholas , Khodaei Mohammad Javad , Mehrvarz Amin , Jalili Nader 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A numerical parameter sensitivity analysis is performed on the bending and torsional vibrations of a flexural-torsional vibrating beam gyroscope model. The gyroscope analyzed in this work is comprised of a rotating cantilever beam with a point-mass attached to its free end and a piezoelectric actuator fixed to a portion of its length. The governing equations of motion are derived using extended Hamilton’s principle and the steady-state magnitude response of the system is obtained through frequency domain methods. A sensitivity analysis is then carried out for the parameters including rotational speed of the base, the length of the beam, the location of the piezoelectric patch, and the location of the added point mass along the beam’s length. It is observed that, in the region surrounding specific configurations, small variations in the rotation rate, beam length and the location of the piezoelectric patch will result in significant changes to the amplitudes of the coupled vibrations and produce peaks in the sensitivity curves. Further, the amplitude of vibration tends to increase as the location of the added point-mass is moved closer to the free end. Generally, the bending modes are more sensitive to all of these parameter variations than are the torsional modes.
Control-Oriented Model Development and Experimental Validation for a Modern Diesel Engine
Authors: Yang Kuo , Chen Pingen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modern Diesel engines have become highly complex multi-input multi-output systems. Controls of modern Diesel engines to meet various requirements such as high fuel efficiency and low NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions, remain a great challenge for automotive control community. While model-based controls have demonstrated significant potentials in achieving high Diesel engine performance. Complete and high-fidelity control-oriented Diesel engine models are much needed as the foundations of model-based control system development. In this study, a semi-physical, mean-value control-oriented model of a turbocharged Diesel engine equipped with high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) is developed and experimentally validated. The static calibration of Diesel engine model is achieved with the least-square optimization methodology using the experimental test data from a physical Diesel engine platform. The normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) of the calibration results are in the range of 0.1095 to 0.2582. The cross-validation results demonstrated that the model was capable of accurately capturing the engine torque output and NOx emissions with the control inputs of EGR, VGT and Start of Injection timing (SOI) in wide-range operating conditions.
Associations Between Major Life Changes and Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity Over 4 Years in Middle-Aged Adults in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Salin Kasper , Kankaanpää Anna , Yang Xiaolin , Tammelin Tuija H. , Magnussen Costan G. , Telama Risto , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Raitakari Olli T. , Hirvensalo Mirja 
Published: January 2021

Background: To examine if major life changes over a 4-year period among 34- to 49-year-old adults (mean = 41.8, SD = 5.0) were associated with a change in physical activity in men (37.7%) and women (62.3%). Methods: Daily steps and aerobic steps (steps that lasted for at least 10 min without interruption at a pace of >60 steps/min) were collected from 1051 participants in 2007 and 2011. Changes in marital status, work status, and residence and the birth of a child were determined from both time points. A latent change score model was used to examine mean changes in daily total steps, aerobic steps, and nonaerobic steps (total steps minus aerobic steps). Results: Women who had a first child in the 4-year period had a decrease in their nonaerobic steps (P = .001). Men who divorced in the 4-year period had a decrease in their nonaerobic steps (P = .020), whereas women who recoupled decreased their total steps (P = .030). Conclusions: Counseling for parents having a first child on how to increase physical activity in their everyday life could potentially have an influence on an individual’s physical activity.
Protecting the world’s finest athletes: periodic health evaluation practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees from the 2016 Rio or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games
Authors: Nabhan Dustin , Taylor David , Lewis Melie , Bahr Roald 
Published: January 2021

AimTo describe the periodic health evaluation (PHE) practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees (NOCs).MethodsWe sent a survey to NOCs finishing in the top 8 for medal count at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games. The survey included four sections: (1) PHE staff composition and roles, (2) beliefs regarding the PHE, (3) a ranking of risk factors for future injury and (4) details on the elements of the PHE.ResultsAll 14 NOCs with top 8 finishes at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games completed the survey. NOCs included a median of seven staff specialties in the PHE, with physicians and physiotherapists having the highest level of involvement. There was agreement that PHEs are effective in identifying current health conditions (13/14) and that athletes should receive individualised action plans after their PHE (14/14), but less agreement (6/14) that PHEs can predict future injury. The practices of NOCs were diverse and often specific to the athlete population being tested, but always included the patient’s health history, laboratory studies, cardiovascular screening and assessments of movement capacity. The top three risk factors for future injury were thought to be previous injury, age and training experience.ConclusionsAmong the top performing NOCs, the PHE is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary process aimed to identify existing conditions and provide baseline health and performance profiles in the event of future injury. Research linking PHEs to injury prevention is needed.
Persistent opioid use and opioid-related harm after hospital admissions for surgery and trauma in New Zealand: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Gong Jiayi , Merry Alan Forbes , Beyene Kebede A , Campbell Doug , Frampton Chris , Jones Peter , McCall John , Moore Matthew , Chan Amy Hai Yan 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionOpioid use has increased globally for the management of chronic non-cancer-related pain. There are concerns regarding the misuse of opioids leading to persistent opioid use and subsequent hospitalisation and deaths in developed countries. Hospital admissions related to surgery or trauma have been identified as contributing to the increasing opioid use internationally. There are minimal data on persistent opioid use and opioid-related harm in New Zealand (NZ), and how hospital admission for surgery or trauma contributes to this. We aim to describe rates and identify predictors of persistent opioid use among opioid-naïve individuals following hospital discharge for surgery or trauma.Methods and analysisThis is a population-based, retrospective cohort study using linked data from national health administrative databases for opioid-naïve patients who have had surgery or trauma in NZ between January 2006 and December 2019. Linked data will be used to identify variables of interest including all types of hospital surgeries in NZ, all trauma hospital admissions, opioid dispensing, comorbidities and sociodemographic variables. The primary outcome of this study will be the prevalence of persistent opioid use. Secondary outcomes will include mortality, opioid-related harms and hospitalisation. We will compare the secondary outcomes between persistent and non-persistent opioid user groups. To compute rates, we will divide the total number of outcome events by total follow-up time. Multivariable logistic regression will be used to identify predictors of persistent opioid use. Multivariable Cox regression models will be used to estimate the risk of opioid-related harms and hospitalisation as well as all-cause mortality among the study cohort in a year following hospital discharge for surgery or trauma.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Auckland Health Research Ethics Committee (AHREC- AH1159). Results will be reported in accordance with the Reporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely collected health data statement (RECORD).
Protocol for the development of the Wales Multimorbidity e-Cohort (WMC): data sources and methods to construct a population-based research platform to investigate multimorbidity
Authors: Lyons Jane , Akbari Ashley , Agrawal Utkarsh , Harper Gill , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Bailey Rowena , Rafferty James , Watkins Alan , Fry Richard , McCowan Colin , Dezateux Carol , Robson John P , Peek Niels , Holmes Chris , Denaxas Spiros , Owen Rhiannon , Abrams Keith R , John Ann , O"Reilly Dermot , Richardson Sylvia , Hall Marlous , Gale Chris P , Davies Jan , Davies Chris , Cross Lynsey , Gallacher John , Chess James , Brookes Anthony J , Lyons Ronan A 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionMultimorbidity is widely recognised as the presence of two or more concurrent long-term conditions, yet remains a poorly understood global issue despite increasing in prevalence.We have created the Wales Multimorbidity e-Cohort (WMC) to provide an accessible research ready data asset to further the understanding of multimorbidity. Our objectives are to create a platform to support research which would help to understand prevalence, trajectories and determinants in multimorbidity, characterise clusters that lead to highest burden on individuals and healthcare services, and evaluate and provide new multimorbidity phenotypes and algorithms to the National Health Service and research communities to support prevention, healthcare planning and the management of individuals with multimorbidity.Methods and analysisThe WMC has been created and derived from multisourced demographic, administrative and electronic health record data relating to the Welsh population in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. The WMC consists of 2.9 million people alive and living in Wales on the 1 January 2000 with follow-up until 31 December 2019, Welsh residency break or death. Published comorbidity indices and phenotype code lists will be used to measure and conceptualise multimorbidity.Study outcomes will include: (1) a description of multimorbidity using published data phenotype algorithms/ontologies, (2) investigation of the associations between baseline demographic factors and multimorbidity, (3) identification of temporal trajectories of clusters of conditions and multimorbidity and (4) investigation of multimorbidity clusters with poor outcomes such as mortality and high healthcare service utilisation.Ethics and disseminationThe SAIL Databank independent Information Governance Review Panel has approved this study (SAIL Project: 0911). Study findings will be presented to policy groups, public meetings, national and international conferences, and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Pregnancy outcome in thoracic aortic disease data from the Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease
Authors: Campens Laurence , Baris Lucia , Scott Nandita S. , Broberg Craig S , Bondue Antione , Jondeau Guillaume , Grewal Jasmine , Johnson Mark R , Hall Roger , De Backer Julie , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death during pregnancy with thoracic aortic dissection being one of the main causes. Thoracic aortic disease is commonly related to hereditary disorders and congenital heart malformations such as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Pregnancy is considered a high risk period in women with underlying aortopathy.MethodsThe ESC EORP Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC) is a prospective global registry that enrolled 5739 women with pre-existing cardiac disease. With this analysis, we aim to study the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy in women with thoracic aortic disease.ResultsThoracic aortic disease was reported in 189 women (3.3%). Half of them were patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), 26% had a BAV, 8% Turner syndrome, 2% vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and 11% had no underlying genetic defect or associated congenital heart defect. Aortic dilatation was reported in 58% of patients and 6% had a history of aortic dissection. Four patients, of whom three were patients with MFS, had an acute aortic dissection (three type A and one type B aortic dissection) without maternal or fetal mortality. No complications occurred in women with a history of aortic dissection. There was no significant difference in median fetal birth weight if treated with a beta-blocker or not (2960 g (2358–3390 g) vs 3270 g (2750–3570 g), p value 0.25).ConclusionThis ancillary analysis provides the largest prospective data review on pregnancy risk for patients with thoracic aortic disease. Overall pregnancy outcomes in women with thoracic aortic disease followed according to current guidelines are good.
Estimating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality in England and Wales: a population-level analysis
Authors: Aburto Jose Manuel , Kashyap Ridhi , Schöley Jonas , Angus Colin , Ermisch John , Mills Melinda C , Dowd Jennifer Beam 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDeaths directly linked to COVID-19 infection may be misclassified, and the pandemic may have indirectly affected other causes of death. To overcome these measurement challenges, we estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality, life expectancy and lifespan inequality from week 10 of 2020, when the first COVID-19 death was registered, to week 47 ending 20 November 2020 in England and Wales through an analysis of excess mortality.MethodsWe estimated age and sex-specific excess mortality risk and deaths above a baseline adjusted for seasonality with a systematic comparison of four different models using data from the Office for National Statistics. We additionally provide estimates of life expectancy at birth and lifespan inequality defined as the SD in age at death.ResultsThere have been 57 419 (95% prediction interval: 54 197, 60 752) excess deaths in the first 47 weeks of 2020, 55% of which occurred in men. Excess deaths increased sharply with age and men experienced elevated risks of death in all age groups. Life expectancy at birth dropped 0.9 and 1.2 years for women and men relative to the 2019 levels, respectively. Lifespan inequality also fell over the same period by 5 months for both sexes.ConclusionQuantifying excess deaths and their impact on life expectancy at birth provide a more comprehensive picture of the burden of COVID-19 on mortality. Whether mortality will return to—or even fall below—the baseline level remains to be seen as the pandemic continues to unfold and diverse interventions are put in place.
Impact of correlations between $$a_{\mu }$$ and $$\alpha _\text {QED}$$ on the EW fit
Authors: Malaescu Bogdan , Schott Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the potential impact on the electroweak (EW) fits due to the tensions between the current determinations of the hadronic vacuum polarisation (HVP) contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($$a_{\mu }$$

a
μ

), based on either phenomenological dispersion integrals using measured hadronic spectra or on Lattice QCD calculations. The impact of the current tension between the experimental measurement of $$a_{\mu }$$

a
μ

and the total theoretical prediction based on the phenomenological calculations of the HVP is also studied. The correlations between the uncertainties of the theoretical predictions of $$a_{\mu }$$

a
μ

and of the running of $$\alpha _\mathrm{QED}$$

α
QED

are taken into account in the studies. We conclude that the impact on the EW fit can be large in improbable scenarios involving global shifts of the full HVP contribution, while it is much smaller if the shift is restricted to a lower mass range and/or if the shift in $$\alpha _\text {QED}$$

α
QED

is obtained from that in $$a_{\mu }$$

a
μ

through appropriate use of the correlations. Indeed, the latter scenarios only imply at most a 2.6/16 increase in the $$\chi ^2/\text {n.d.f.} $$

χ
2

/
n.d.f.

of the EW fits and relatively small changes for the resulting fit parameter values.
Generalized word shift graphs: a method for visualizing and explaining pairwise comparisons between texts
Authors: Gallagher Ryan J. , Frank Morgan R. , Mitchell Lewis , Schwartz Aaron J. , Reagan Andrew J. , Danforth Christopher M. , Dodds Peter Sheridan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA common task in computational text analyses is to quantify how two corpora differ according to a measurement like word frequency, sentiment, or information content. However, collapsing the texts’ rich stories into a single number is often conceptually perilous, and it is difficult to confidently interpret interesting or unexpected textual patterns without looming concerns about data artifacts or measurement validity. To better capture fine-grained differences between texts, we introduce generalized word shift graphs, visualizations which yield a meaningful and interpretable summary of how individual words contribute to the variation between two texts for any measure that can be formulated as a weighted average. We show that this framework naturally encompasses many of the most commonly used approaches for comparing texts, including relative frequencies, dictionary scores, and entropy-based measures like the Kullback–Leibler and Jensen–Shannon divergences. Through a diverse set of case studies ranging from presidential speeches to tweets posted in urban green spaces, we demonstrate how generalized word shift graphs can be flexibly applied across domains for diagnostic investigation, hypothesis generation, and substantive interpretation. By providing a detailed lens into textual shifts between corpora, generalized word shift graphs help computational social scientists, digital humanists, and other text analysis practitioners fashion more robust scientific narratives.
Efficacy and Safety of Fire Needle Therapy for Flat Warts: Evidence from 29 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Ying , Jiang Jing-Si , Kuai Le , Luo Yue , Chen Jia-Le , Wang Yan-Jiao , Xu Rong , Xing Meng , Liu Liu , Li Xin , Li Bin 
Published: January 2021

Flat warts are a common and recurrent skin disease that has no specific antiviral treatment. As an alternative or complementary therapy, fire needle therapy has been widely used in the treatment of flat warts. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of fire needle therapy for flat warts. Using the search terms “flat warts” and “fire needle,” we searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Chinese biomedical (SinoMed) database, and the China Science and Technology Journal databases for studies until March 12, 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing fire needle therapies with conventional therapies were also included. We calculated the risk ratios (RR) and mean differences with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We analyzed 29 trials involving 2,666 patients. Results showed that the use of fire needle therapy alone may have a higher efficacy rate compared with that of an immunomodulator (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.20, I2 = 0%,

P

= 0.006; RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.37, I2 = 70%,

P

= 0.02, respectively) or tretinoin (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.55, I2 = 0%,

P

< 0.00001), with a lower risk of blisters (

P

= 0.03) or erythema (

P

= 0.04), but with a higher risk of pigmentation (

P

= 0.02). We also determined the efficacy rate of fire needle therapy in combination with traditional Chinese medicine (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.23, I2 = 21%,

P

< 0.00001), immunomodulators (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.28, I2 = 33%,

P

= 0.0005), imiquimod (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.42,

P

= 0.02), or as multidrug therapies (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.24, I2 = 0%,

P

= 0.0001) and found that the combination treatments could reduce recurrence rates (

P

< 0.00001) and provided a lower risk of desquamation (

P

= 0.006). In conclusion, fire needle therapy seems to be effective for flat warts, with a reduced incidence of adverse events, such as blisters, erythema, and desquamation, but may increase incidence of pigmentation.