bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Natural Gas Components Redistribution in the “Gas-Hydrate” System
Authors: Kalacheva L P , Ivanova I K , Soloveva S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the degree of C2-C4 components redistribution in hydrates during their formation in water and mineralized solutions of hydrocarbonate and chloride types. It was found that in brines of the chloride type, in comparison with hydrocarbonate waters, there is a noticeable concentration of propane and isobutane. Such selective enrichment of hydrate gas with methane homologues leads to increasing in their fat coefficient and calorific value. Compared with the original natural gas, the fat coefficient of gases in hydrates obtained in hydrocarbonate waters increase by 3.0-3.2 times, the combustion heat of gases - by 17.2-18.0%. In brines of the chloride type, the fat coefficient of gases in hydrates in comparison with that one of the natural gas increase by 4.4-4.9 times, and the combustion heat - by 26.2-30.5%. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of using surface and ground waters in the industrial production of hydrates. The use of natural waters in the technological process of hydrates obtaining in special installations makes it possible to exclude the stage of water treatment, which can significantly reduce the cost of the hydrates production. And the selective fractionation of C2-C4 hydrocarbons leads to an increase in the energy value of the "hydrate" fuel.
Heap Bioleaching of Copper-Nickel Ores in the Arctic
Authors: Yanishevskya E S , Goryachev A A , Fokina N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper researches the effectiveness of heap leaching for processing the sulfide raw materials in Murmansk Oblast. It studies the kinetics of how metals are extracted into the solution, as well as the peculiarities of chalcopyrite dissolution. The paper shows that leaching destroys the grains, making them into fine particulate matter, which ultimately jeopardizes solution filtering. Use of recycled solution makes the leaching process more cost-effective.
The Comparison of the Russian and Foreign Mining Wastes Classification Systems
Authors: Kondakova V N , Pomortseva A A , Pospehov G B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The important part of doing a research about artificial soils is their classification. Nowadays there is no generally accepted classification system of artificial soils. Moreover, the principles of classification in Russia and over European Union significantly differ from each other. Then, in present paper, different classification systems have been analysed and the attempt to classify two types of studied artificial soils have been made. The paper explain the authors’ position about the question from which side is more appropriate to classify artificial soils for purposes of engineering geology.
Development of a Method for Measuring the Content of Extractables Mn(II) Forms in Soils Using Periodate Ions for Environmental Monitoring Purposes
Authors: Lokhanina S Yu , Trubacheva L V , Chernykh K S , Trubachev A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the development and preparation for metrological certification of methods for measuring the content of extractable forms of manganese (II) in soils, establishing its minimum detectable concentrations. It is established that the use of potassium periodate has a number of significant advantages: the determination procedure is less toxic compared to the use of formaldoxime, solutions have a more stable color over time, it is not necessary to eliminate the interfering influence of chloride ions. The experiment is carried out to establish the metrological characteristics (indicators of precision, accuracy, and precision) with the use of work samples of different soil types. The metrological characteristics of the results are not worse than those regulated by the regulatory document for the certified method.
Analysis of the Flora of the Vedensky Biological Reserve
Authors: Taysumov M A , Umarov M U , Astamirova M A-M , Shakhgirieva Z I , Umaeva A M , Baybatyrova E R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The natural flora of the Vedensky biological reserve (Chechen Republic) has been studied, including 1543 species of vascular plants from 545 genera and 119 families. 12 large families (Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rubiaceae) including 492 species, and 20 large genera (Astragalus, Rosa, Orobanche, Medicago, Carex, Trifolium, Hieracium, Vicia, Allium, Stipa, Geranium, Festuca, Veronica, Artemisia, Viola, Poa, Centaurea, Euphorbia, Galium, Orchis) uniting 166 species are specified. By the dominant large families, the flora belongs to the Mediterranean type, and by the set of families of the head spectrum part and the prevailing geo-elements, it is Caucasian-Palaearctic one. Among the 7 florocoenotypes represented here, the rocky-talus and shrub-fringe ones prevail with significant participation of the meadow florocoenotype. More than half of the flora (54.53 %) is occupied by hemicryptophytes, and half as much as they – by terophytes (26.79 %); phanerophytes (9.2 %), cryptophytes (7.14 %), and hamephites (2.34 %) are less common. Herbaceous plants make up 88.46 %, trees and shrubs - 9.20 %, and subshrubs and dwarf shrubs - 2.34 % of the flora.
The flora is rich in resource-useful species: 157 food, 288 fodder, 178 medicinal, 120 poisonous, 202 melliferous, 314 decorative, and 81 industrial plants.
Monitoring of Forest Land Cover Change in Nui Ba Ra Protected Landscape in Vietnam Using Remote Sensing Methods and GIS techniques
Authors: Anh Dang Thi Lan , Hung Dang Viet , Hung Nguyen Thanh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nui Ba Ra Protected Landscape is a specially protected natural area of Vietnam. Protected Landscape is located in Ba Ra Mountain, one of the three highest peaks in the southeast of the country. For monitoring purposes of forest land cover change, Landsat-5 and Sentinel-2A images taken in 1995, 2007 and 2019 were used. To assess the vegetation cover in the Protected Landscape, the Normalized Plant Index Method (NDVI) was used. Allocated forest land is categorized by maximum likelihood in ENVI 5.3. For each satellite image, a statistical analysis of forest land cover change was performed after classification. The results confirm that the area of meadows and shrubs increased from 2.6% in 1995 to 8.1% in 2019, and the area of mixed forests decreased from 96.0% to 89.2%. Thus, there is a general degradation of woody vegetation.
Geo-Ecological Basis for the Prospect of Using Agricultural Territory of Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Hung N T , Ivanovna K I , Mengesha M G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Geo-ecological assessments are widely used in the practice of modern environmental management. Dong Nai has favorable geographical features for developing high quality agriculture. The analyzed data indicated that the northeast region has prospects for agricultural development with food crops and fruit trees. The south and southwest areas are suitable for industrial-urban development combined with the development of perennial industrial crops. Organic agriculture will be the main trend in agricultural production of Dong Nai province, in order to improve the efficiency of agriculture and maintain the ecological environmental quality.
Food Security of the Russian Federation: Concept, Indicators, Levels, Measures of State Support, Problematic Legislative Aspects
Authors: Kurbatova S M , Aisner L Yu , Vlasov V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article considers the concept and system of food security indicators, analyzes the levels and measures of state support for agriculture as a basic branch of the economy, aimed at providing citizens with high-quality and affordable food products in sufficient quantities. The authors pay special attention to the study of state support measures for agricultural producers after Russia’s accession to the WTO. It also analyzes certain problematic legislative aspects of the topic under study and suggests appropriate legal ways to solve them, namely, to make certain additions and establish legal norms in a separate Chapter of the Federal law "On agricultural development", as well as to develop a draft and adopt a Federal law "On ensuring food security of the Russian Federation" in the near future.
GPR Technologies for Predicting the Development of Dangerous Cryogenic Processes in Subsurface Soils
Authors: Savvin D V , Fedorova L L , Solovyov E E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of comprehensive engineering and geophysical studies on road sections of the city of Yakutsk. Actual studies aimed at improving modern geophysical technologies and methods for studying frozen rocks are considered. The results of studying the characteristic features of wave fields to develop signs of interpretation and prediction of the development of dangerous cryogenic processes in subsurface soils according to GPR data are presented. The data of two-stage autumn-spring measurements are presented, the results of which made it possible to study the complex cryogenic structure of the road section of Dzerzhinsky Street. Good convergence of the GPR results with the data of electrical exploration (non-contact measurement of apparent resistance) on the section of Lenin Avenue is shown. Potentially dangerous areas of the development of dangerous cryogenic processes associated with permafrost degradation were identified on the basis of low resistivities on the obtained ρk graphs and on the basis of the presence of discontinuities in the events, chaotic signals and low-frequency reflections in the radar section.
Simulation of Wave Mixing of Surface Layers in the Sea Area
Authors: Nikolaeva A V , Rychkov S L , Shatrov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A problem of surface waves simulation is considered there in the context of combating oil spills. Being independent of waves penetrating into water, oil is disposed in sea as floating surface slicks and as drops suspended in water thickness. An oil surface slick incurs of transferring by wind and current actions, on the one hand, and of a variety of transforming processes, on the other hand. Gravitational spreading is one of the most influent transforming processes for oil on the sea surface. Among physical problems, there are dynamics of thin films of petroleum products on the sea surface and the need to consider moving on the waved sea-atmosphere border. The oil penetration into the water thickness occurs during the dispersion process --- of the transfer of oil from the water surface to the water phase as a result of wave collapse. The carried away oil splits into drops of different sizes which spread and diffuse into the water thickness. The factors such as droplet size, buoyancy, and turbulence affect dispersion stability. The main sources of dispersion energy are collapsing waves formed by wind on the surface of a water body. We suggest using a 2D surface wave model based on the dynamics of interacting particles. In contrast to complex hydrodynamic and spectral models, that makes it possible to estimate quite simply and effectively the proportion of dispersed oil pollution carried from the surface to the depth of the sea area.
Simulation Modeling of the Distribution of Microwave Field Strength in the Grain Layer
Authors: Kisel N N , Vaganova A A , Savitskiy A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To ensure quick prototyping and reduce the possibility of losses caused by errors at various stages of development and implementation of equipment for microwave heating of dielectric materials, the development and simulation of models is of particular importance. The aim of this work is simulation of a slotted waveguide grating for grain drying. The main task of the simulation was to ensure an even distribution of power through each slot. Simulation modeling was carried out using a specialized software package FEKO. To describe the model, an exact calculation method was used - the method of moments; the results were verified. The dependences of the antenna SWR on the width of the slots and the angle of rotation of the slots were investigated and optimal arrangement of slots was chosen. Simulation modeling of field distribution showed that placing the waveguides farther from the container leads to the alignment of the field inhomogeneity, but some part of the radiated power is lost in this case. As the calculation results showed, an increase in the distance between the waveguide and the container with grain did not affect the SWR of the waveguides. It should be noted that in a real situation, the wave character of the field is smoothed out due to heat transfer, which cannot be taken into account in the process of electromagnetic modeling. In addition, the entire spectrum of possible changes in the dielectric parameters of the grain should be investigated in order to analyze the process of wave propagation at high grain moisture. It is also advisable to consider other modifications of the slotted waveguide antennas, which can provide more uniform heating inside the container with grain.
Metallograms as an Objective and Illustrative Basis for Metallogenic Analysis
Authors: Seitmuratova E Yu , Baratov R T , Dautbekov D O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of huge generalization of geological and metallogenic materials on paleosoids of Kazakhstan which allowed for the first time composing the metallogenograms for seventy eight (78) structural-formational zones (SFZ). Their analysis showed that all SFZs of Kazakhstan’s paleosoids contain ores and led to development of scientifically substantiated recommendations for planning the prospecting works within the newly identified promising SFZ areas with favourable metallogenic geodynamic conditions and ore-bearing stratigraphic levels.
Food Independence as Key Component of Food Security of the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Gubarkov S V , Zhupley I V , Tretyak N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article considers the problems of providing food security in the Far East of the Russian Federation. The authors performed a comparative analysis of food independence indicators for the Russian Federation, Far Eastern, and Siberian Federal District. They made a conclusion that the food independence threats in the Far Eastern Federal District are lower than those in other macroregions. Trend models were developed to obtain forecast values of food independence indicators, and the quality of these models was tested. The authors analyzed the existing and potential food security threats in the Far Eastern Federal District. They formulated suggestions to improve the food independence of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Engineering Method for Calculating Changes in the Structure and Intensity of Traffic Flow
Authors: Kosovets M A , Lozhkin V N , Lozhkina O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The real costs of the population caused by pollutants emitted by motor vehicles operating on the roads of cities of the Russian Federation are directly related to the intensity and structure of motor vehicle flows. The paper solves the scientific and practical problem of reformatting the data of instrumental online monitoring of the intensity and structure of motor vehicle flows on the street and road network of St. Petersburg into numerical information, adapted to the program for calculating the expected air pollution with pollutants emitted by road traffic for conditions of extremely dangerous vulnerability of the urban population. The conditions of extremely dangerous vulnerability of the urban population are determined by a combination of unfavorable meteorological factors for the dispersion of pollutants with hours of maximum traffic load (rush hours of automobile traffic). An engineering technique for calculating changes in the structure and intensity of motor vehicle flow and an original program for its implementation by means of MS Excel are presented. New statistical patterns of changes in the intensity of motor vehicle flows for typical highways and streets have been obtained, which make it possible to reliably predict in real time the local situations of extremely dangerous for the urban population air pollution with pollutants emitted by road traffic. Computational study, using the developed methodology, found that on the most loaded ring line in St. Petersburg in the vicinity of the cable-stayed crossing "Obukhovsky Bridge", under unfavorable meteorological conditions during rush hours it is likely to expect a multiple excess of the maximum permissible standards for dioxide nitrogen NO2 (up to 10 MACMOT). The calculation method efficiency has been confirmed when solving specific problems of urban motor vehicle flow management under extreme meteorological and road conditions.
Theoretical Approbation of the Method for Evaluating Bending Stress of Underground Pipelines from the Ground Surface
Authors: Aginey R V , Firstov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The feature of the operation of main underground pipelines in complicated engineering and geological conditions is the need for constant monitoring of their technical condition and the design position of the axis to assess the level of bending stress in order to take preventive measures. The existing methods for monitoring the technical condition of underground pipelines have several disadvantages, for this reason, as a rule, a set of methods is used.
One of the promising methods for assessing the bending stress of underground pipelines is the method of surveying the depth of the pipeline axis from the ground surface. The paper provides dependencies that make it possible to level the errors arising when using this method and to assess the bending stress of an underground pipeline with an error not exceeding the specified one and taking into account the design features of the pipeline and the equipment used.
Comparison of the calculated values of bending stress when using the method of surveying the depth of the axis of an underground pipeline from the ground surface and the values obtained during smart pigging of a section of an underground pipeline is presented. The provisions for determining the optimal shooting step when measuring the depth of the pipeline axis from the soil surface are presented.
Simulation of Unsteady Heat Transfer in the Liquid Core of the Earth with Allowance for Internal Heat Sinks
Authors: Solovjev S , Solovjeva T S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of numerical simulation of unsteady convective heat transfer of an electrically conductive liquid in a spherical layer (modeling the Earth’s liquid core) under boundary conditions for a temperature of the first kind and in the presence of internal (negative) heat sinks are presented. The effect of internal heat sinks on the evolution of the structure of a liquid flow, temperature field, magnetic induction, and the distribution of Nusselt numbers in a strong magnetic field is investigated.
Increase in Soil Moisture Reserves Due to the Formation of High Stubble Residues for the Accumulation of Snow Precipitation
Authors: Konstantinov M , Glushkov I , Mukhamedov V , Lovchikov A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Orenburg region belongs to the dry-steppe regions with a sharply continental climate, the efficiency of crop production in which depends on the amount of precipitation. Due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region, precipitation in the form of snow is used irrationally, which leads to a decrease in the amount of potential soil moisture. Lack of moisture negatively affects the quality of crop production processes and the state of the soil itself. To solve this problem, it is proposed to implement measures for mechanized snow retention in agricultural fields. Technical and technological disadvantages of the classic mechanized snow retention are established. Negative components of the classical technology are the need for additional costs for winter events and the forced additional impact on the soil of heavy equipment. As a solution to the problem, it is advisable to accumulate snow on high stubble residues formed simultaneously with the process of harvesting grain crops. It was found that for the Orenburg region, taking into account the natural and climatic features, it is advisable to use a Reaper for two-phase harvesting of grain crops by a batch method with a device for the formation of high stubble residues. A dependence was established to determine the optimal share of the field area with stubble residues for effective snow retention. The optimal values of the interdependent parameters of the Reaper reel and the reel of the stubble residue formation device are revealed. The analysis of experimental field studies showed that the formed stubble residues allow accumulating the amount of snow, which increases the moisture reserves in the soil in the spring period by about two times. The feasibility study of the proposed solution showed the feasibility of its application and allowed us to establish the level of profit from the increase in yield due to an increase in the amount of moisture in the soil as a result of snow retention.
Information Modeling as a Foundation for Revealing the Production Potential of an Oil Production Company
Authors: Chazov E L , Grakhov V P , Suntsov A S , Simchenko O L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
All major oil fields in the Urals and the Volga Region, Russia, are in the final stage of exploration, when oil production is becoming too costly. In the light of the novel coronavirus pandemic that has led to a reduction in oil demand, in turn resulting in limited production, optimizing the oil production costs is even more critical.
This paper dwells upon developing methodological toolkit for information modeling to help identify the production potential associated with optimizing the operating costs of an oil production company; the case study uses the costs of well maintenance and repair. This methodology features little to no use of expert opinions to make the best and most sound managerial decisions.
By finding the correlating indicators of oil fields in the Urals and the Volga Region, the authors apply Microsoft Excel Solver, a simplex-based linear programming solver, to comprehensively identify how the frequency and the average duration of repairs could be reduced. The authors propose organizational measures, adopting which will help optimize the well repair cycle.
Eco-Friendly and Economical Oil Adsorbents Based on PUF and Chitin
Authors: Trang T Y D , Zenitova L A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Industrialization and modernization have led to a rapid increase in the amount of solid waste around the globe. To reduce the amount of solid waste that is discharged into the environment, it is necessary to select materials that have high reusability and recyclability. This study evaluates the reusability of the grafted oil adsorbent PPU10M based on polyurethane foam (PUF) and chitin. The result shows that the sorbent PPU10M can reuse up to 20 cycles after sorbent regeneration by the mechanochemical method. The amount of adsorbed oil is recovered up to 91.5%. The use of waste sorbents as the filler into the process synthesis of the oil sorbent containing waste is studied in this work. The results present that the sorbents containing 5% mass of the waste have the oil capacity equivalent to the sorbent without waste. At the same time, the water adsorption of this material reaches lower than in comparison with the non-waste material. This is indicated that the sorbent PPU10M not only has high oil adsorption capacity but also has good reuse and recycling ability. Thus, it is considered that PPU10M is a potential, eco-friendly, and economical sorbent for oil spill removal.