bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical and bacteriological characterisation of surface water in Bamenda (North West Cameroon)
Authors: Mufur Alice Magha , Awah Margaret Tita , Nono Gus Djibril Kouankap , Tamfuh Primus Azinwi , Wotchoko Pierre , Beyala Kamgang Kabeyene Véronique 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Mezam River and its tributaries constitute a prominent water source for domestic use and vegetable irrigation in Bamenda Town (North West Cameroon). The river flows through the city and is thus vulnerable to impairment by substances from point and non-point sources. This current research aims to assess the degree of pollution of the Mezam River water to ascertain its suitability for various uses. A total of 24 water samples were collected from six segments of the Mezam River basin in the dry and rainy seasons during the years 2015 and 2016 in view of physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses. In situ measurement of physical parameters was taken in the field. The data were analysed by multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and factor analysis). The results revealed that the river water is slightly acidic (pH = 5.45–6.47) and ion concentration is low (41.67–237.00 µS/cm). The water type is Ca-SO4 and Ca-Mg-(Cl + NO3) in the dry season and Ca-Mg-SO4 in the rainy season. High NO3− values (50 mg/l) are recorded at Nkimefueh. The Mezam River water is heavily polluted with indicator bacteria (0–500 CFU/100 ml) whose concentrations steadily increase from the reference point (YB) through sampling points in the city centre, suggesting the influence of human-induced activities. The population is urged to adopt a responsible behaviour towards waste disposal and refrain from disposing waste in water courses in order to safeguard the aquatic environment and also protect the health of the population.
Delineation of groundwater potential zones for sustainable development and planning using analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and MIF techniques
Authors: Pande Chaitanya B. , Moharir Kanak N. , Panneerselvam Balamurugan , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Pham Quoc Bao , Varade Abhay M. , Rajesh J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGroundwater plays a vital role in the sustainable development of agriculture, society and economy, and it's demand is increasing due to low rainfall, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In this context, delineation of groundwater potential zones is essential for meeting the demand of different sectors. In this research, the integrated approach consisting of analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multiple influence factors (MIF) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was applied. The demarcation of groundwater potential zones is based on thematic maps, namely Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), hillshade, soil texture, slope, groundwater depth, geomorphology, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and flow direction and accumulation. The pairwise comparison matrix has been created, and weights are assigned to each thematic layer. The comparative score to every factor was calculated from the overall weight of two major and minor influences. Groundwater potential zones were classified into five classes, namely very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good, which cover an area as follows: 3.33 km2, 785.84 km2, 1147.47 km2, 595.82 km2and 302.65 km2, respectively, based on AHP method. However, the MIF groundwater potential zones map was classified into five classes: very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good areas covered 3.049 km2, 567.42 km2, 1124.50 km2868.86 km2and 266.67 km2, respectively. The results of MIF and AHP techniques were validated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The result of this research would be helpful to prepare the sustainable groundwater planning map and policy. The proposed framework has admitted to test and could be implemented in different in various regions around the world to maintain the sustainable practices.
‘Where does water go’? A critical analysis of nature of water crisis in Darjeeling city, India
Authors: Koner Kaberi , Samanta Gopa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater crisis is such a phenomenon that almost every city experiences to some extent these days. Nature, dimensions, and impact of the crisis vary based on spatial diversity. This article attempts to critically analyse the nature of water crisis and to find out the reasons behind such crisis in Darjeeling city. The city’s public water supply is mainly controlled by the municipal authority, and water is supplied from the Senchal lakes. The centralised system, developed by the British in the early nineteenth century, is not sufficient for the entire city at present, and not affordable for all classes as well. Primarily the scarcity emerged due to the city’s population growth, and the city’s changing commercial nature, especially the booming tourism sector. And the age-old water infrastructure cannot cope with the fast-growing demand for water. Moreover, still now municipal authority does not consider a large number of transitory population, while calculating the water demand. Massive gap exists between the actual water scarcity observed in the field and the scarcity shown in the official data. Therefore, a reconsideration of municipal water budget is required to manage water resources and services sustainably. Using both the quantitative and qualitative methods, this empirical study critically assesses the existing gap between demand and supply, and also explores the process of illegal flow of water thus making the scarcity even more intense. It argues for fair and active water governance to minimise the demand–supply gap, and active community participation to ensure water justice to the commons.
Polyelectrolyte–nanocomposite for enhanced oil recovery: influence of nanoparticle on rheology, oil recovery and formation damage
Authors: Sowunmi Akinleye O. , Efeovbokhan Vincent E. , Orodu Oyinkepreye D. , Oni Babalola A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGum arabic (GA) capacity as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agent is studied and compared to the commonly applied xanthan gum (XG). FTIR and TGA characterisation of these two polyelectrolytes and a rheology study by viscosity measurement was conducted on their polymeric and nano-polymeric solution at varying concentrations of the polymers and nanoparticles (NP). Coreflooding experiments were conducted based on a sequence of waterflooding and three slugs of increasing concentration of polymeric (and nano-polymeric) solutions to evaluate EOR performance. Results show similar rheology and oil recovery for 1.0 wt% GA and a 0.1 wt% XG polymeric solution. And the viscosity of GA tends to be Newtonian at a relatively high shear rate. The magnitude of incremental oil recovery of the first slug is independent of the GA concentration but significant for XG. However, the impact of nano-polymeric solution on oil recovery is higher than the polymeric solution. The increase in NP concentration played a vital role in oil recovery, thereby connoting the significance of IFT, contact angle, and its associated mechanisms for EOR. And FTIR affirms that the hydroxyl group in XG is less than GA, thus responsible for adsorption of GA compared to XG.
Scalarized black holes
Authors: Blázquez-Salcedo Jose Luis , Kleihaus Burkhard , Kunz Jutta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlack holes represent outstanding astrophysical laboratories to test the strong gravity regime, since alternative theories of gravity may predict black hole solutions whose properties may differ distinctly from those of general relativity. When higher curvature terms are included in the gravitational action as, for instance, in the form of the Gauss–Bonnet term coupled to a scalar field, scalarized black holes result. Here we discuss several types of scalarized black holes and some of their properties.
Interaction of multicomponent disilicate (Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7 with molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate
Authors: Dong Yu , Ren Ke , Wang Qiankun , Shao Gang , Wang Yiguang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental barrier coating (EBC) materials that are resistant against molten calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicate (CMAS) corrosion are urgently required. Herein, multicomponent rare-earth (RE) disilicate ((Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7, (5RE)2Si2O7) was investigated with regard to its CMAS interaction behavior at 1400 °C. Compared with the individual RE disilicates, the (5RE)2Si2O7 material exhibited improved resistance against CMAS attack. The dominant process involved in the interaction of (5RE)2Si2O7 with CMAS was reaction-recrystallization. A dense and continuous reaction layer protected the substrate from rapid corrosion at high temperatures. The results demonstrated that multicomponent strategy of RE species in disilicate can provide a new perspective in the development of promising EBC materials with improved corrosion resistance.
Microstructure and properties of porous Si3N4 ceramics by gelcasting-self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)
Authors: Chen Shile , Wang Liang , He Gang , Li Jiangtao , Wang Chang-An 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPorous silicon nitride ceramics have attracted a considerable attention due to their excellent overall performance, but poor porosity homogeneity and structural shrinkage induced by prolonged high temperature sintering limit its further application. Herein, as a three-in-one solution for the above issues, for the first time we develop a novel approach that integrates the merits of gelcasting-SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) to prepare porous Si3N4 ceramics to simultaneously achieve high porosity, high strength, high toughness, and low thermal conductivity across a wide temperature range. By regulating the solid content, porous Si3N4 ceramics with homogeneous pore structure are obtained, where the pore size falls inbetween 1.61 and 4.41 µm, and the elongated grains are interlaced and interlocked to form micron-sized coherent interconnected pores. At the same time, porous Si3N4 ceramics with porosity of 67.83% to 78.03% are obtained, where the compressive strength reaches 11.79 to 47.75 MPa and fracture toughness reaches 1.20 to 6.71 MPa·m1/2.
Television Serials as Career Stepping Stones: An Empirical Analysis of Employment Paths of Professional Actors
Authors: Hofmann Kay H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuided by cultural labor economics, the paper analyzes the career paths of former actors from popular television soap operas, and addresses in particular, if and under which conditions such serial engagements may function as a stepping stone for a subsequent professional acting career. A novel database of 396 German artists with detailed and long-term biographical information is used for the quantitative empirical analyses. The results indicate that soaps, contrary to popular opinion, function as a stepping stone, especially for younger actors. However, soap engagements should be rather short but long enough to allow artists to play multiple roles in other shows or films besides being in the cast of a soap. While formal acting education does not influence soap actors’ future filmographies, there is evidence that it helps artists to find jobs in arts-related occupations such as voice acting. Finally, publicity and media presence foster a later acting career. Practical implications for artists and their managers are outlined, along with a discussion on the meaning of serials for the creation and commercialization of stars.
Evaluating CephFS Performance vs. Cost on High-Density Commodity Disk Servers
Authors: Peters Andreas J. , van der Ster Daniel C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCephFS is a network filesystem built upon the Reliable Autonomic Distributed Object Store (RADOS). At CERN we have demonstrated its reliability and elasticity while operating several 100-to-1000TB clusters which provide NFS-like storage to infrastructure applications and services. At the same time, our lab developed EOS to offer high performance 100PB-scale storage for the LHC at extremely low costs while also supporting the complete set of security and functional APIs required by the particle-physics user community. This work seeks to evaluate the performance of CephFS on this cost-optimized hardware when it is combined with EOS to support the missing functionalities. To this end, we have setup a proof-of-concept Ceph Octopus cluster on high-density JBOD servers (840 TB each) with 100Gig-E networking. The system uses EOS to provide an overlayed namespace and protocol gateways for HTTP(S) and XROOTD, and uses CephFS as an erasure-coded object storage backend. The solution also enables operators to aggregate several CephFS instances and adds features, such as third-party-copy, SciTokens, and high-level user and quota management. Using simple benchmarks we measure the cost/performance tradeoffs of different erasure-coding layouts, as well as the network overheads of these coding schemes. We demonstrate some relevant limitations of the CephFS metadata server and offer improved tunings which can be generally applicable. To conclude, we reflect on the advantages and drawbacks related to this architecture, such as RADOS-level free space requirements and double-network penalties, and offer ideas for improvements in the future.
The reference liver—CYP450 and UGT enzymes in healthy donor and metastatic livers: the impact of genotype
Authors: Kurzawski Mateusz , Szeląg-Pieniek Sylwia , Łapczuk-Romańska Joanna , Wrzesiński Maciej , Oswald Stefan , Droździk Marek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatic enzymes involved in drug metabolism vary markedly in expression, abundance and activity, which affects individual susceptibility to drugs and toxicants. The present study aimed to compare mRNA expression and protein abundance of the most pharmacologically relevant drug-metabolizing enzymes in two main sources of the control liver samples that are used as the reference, i.e. organ donor livers and non-tumorous tissue from metastatic livers. An association analysis of the most common genetic variants with mRNA and protein levels was also performed.

Methods
The CYP450 and UGT enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT2B7 and UGT2B15) were analyzed for mRNA (qPCR) and protein abundance (LC–MS/MS) in healthy donors (n = 11) and metastatic (n = 13) livers. Genotyping was performed by means of TaqMan assays and pyrosequencing.

Results
Significantly higher protein abundance in the metastatic livers was observed in case of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and UGT2B7, and for UGT1A3 the difference was only significant at mRNA level. For all the enzymes except CYP2E1 some significant correlation between mRNA and protein content was observed, and for UGT1A1 an inverse correlation with age was noted. CYP2C19, CYP3A5 and CYP2D6 were significantly affected by genotype.

Conclusion
The selection of a control group for the study on drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g. in pathological states) may possibly affect its conclusions on differences in mRNA and protein content. Genotyping for common functional variants of CYP450 enzymes should be performed in all studies on drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Management of anastomotic leaks after elective colorectal resections: The East of England experience. A retrospective cohort
Authors: Aker Medhat , Askari Alan , Rabie Mohamed , Aly Mohamed , Adegbola Samuel , Patel Krashna , Currow Chelise , Nunn Rebecca , Hadjittofi Christopher , Rankin Adeline , Halai Sonal , Elsamani Karim , Bondje Sophie , Mohamed Islam , Lee John , Wong Joshua , Robertson-Waters Eve , Uddin Aaliya , Hollingshead James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Colorectal anastomotic leaks (AL) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management of AL and its intra-operative decision making is often difficult. The aim of this multi-centre study is to explore different management strategies, including different surgical options, and analyse rates and patterns of failure of initial management.

Methods
All consecutive patients who had a confirmed AL after elective colorectal resections from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019 were included at seven hospitals across the East of England Region. Morbidity (length of stay, and failures) and mortality were compared across the different management strategies, and survival analyses were performed (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05000580).

Results
Across all seven hospitals, a total of 3391 elective resection were done during the study period. 201 (5.9%) consecutive patients with confirmed AL were included. The initial treatment was conservative in 102(50.7%). 19 patients (9.5%) had a radiological procedure, 80 (39.8%) of patients required surgery as an initial treatment post AL. Of those who initially did not have a surgical intervention (n = 121), 10% (n = 12/121) eventually required laparotomy, 2 additional patients required transanal drainage. Ultimately 45.8% (n = 92/201) of the whole population eventually required a laparotomy. Patients managed conservatively had a shorter LOS when compared to either radiological drainage or surgical patients. Patients with a defunctioning stoma are more likely to have a successful conservative management and shorter LOS. 90-day mortality across the entire population was 8.1%. There were no significant differences in mortality or long-terms survival between the different initial treatment modalities or whether the leak was right or left sided.

Conclusion
Despite initial conservative, antibiotic and radiological intervention being successful in the majority of patients, two out of five patients will still require a laparotomy and over a quarter of patients will have an end stoma.

Highlights
Wave Energy Dissipation in a Shallow Coral Reef Lagoon Using Marine X‐Band Radar Data
Authors: Navarro W. , Orfila A. , Orejarena‐Rondón A. , Velez J. C. , Lonin S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel approach for estimating wave energy dissipation on a coral reef barrier is studied using X‐Band radar technology. The prominent features of coral reefs, including the delineation of reef morphological structure, wave energy dissipation and wave transformation processes are obtained in a reef lagoon in San Andres Island, Colombia. Results show that reef attenuates incident waves by approximately 75% due to both frictional processes and wave breaking, with an equivalent bottom roughness of 0.20 m and a wave friction factor of 0.18. These parameters are comparable with estimates reported in other shallow coral reef lagoons as well as at seagrass meadows obtained using in‐situ measurements. Also, the mean height of the reef elements Hbed and its standard deviation σb are also estimated in the entire radar coverage area. Hbed and σb (0.5 and 7.66 cm respectively) are in the same order of magnitude of measured data reported by previous studies and in good agreement with the geometric parameters proposed by in‐canopy flow models for branched species, such as Stylophora and Pocillopora, which are also common in the coral carpets of San Andres Island. This work proposes a completely novel use for X‐Band radars by describing prominent features in barrier‐reef systems including the delineation of the reef structure and wave energy dissipation.
Ambient Noise Tomography of Upper Crustal Structures and Quaternary Faults in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and Its Geological Implications
Authors: Kil Dongwoo , Hong Tae‐Kyung , Chung Dongchan , Kim Byeongwoo , Lee Junhyung , Park Seongjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the upper‐crustal seismic velocity structure in the Seoul metropolitan area, where about 20 million people live. The Chugaryeong fault zone (CFZ) is placed in this area, but the seismic hazard potential remains unclear. We conducted ambient noise tomography to illuminate the high‐resolution upper‐crustal structure in the Seoul metropolitan area. We analyzed continuous vertical seismic records for ∼5 months from a dense seismic array with 77 broadband stations. Group velocity dispersion curves and tomographic maps were extracted between 0.5 and 10 s periods. We inverted 3‐D group velocity tomography models up to a depth of ∼10 km from the group velocity maps. The shear‐wave velocity model is consistent with the geological features. High‐velocity anomalies at shallow depths are correlated with the surface topography and geology. The CFZ is located at a low velocity below the 5 km depth and presented as the simplified model. The large VS contrast regions are located beneath NS‐trending faults. The cross‐sections coincide with the near‐vertical strike‐slip faults in this area. In the southern region of the Seoul metropolitan area, low‐velocity anomalies correlate with high heat flow regions. Our results effectively suggest high resolution upper‐crustal structures and subsurface hidden faults in the urban area.
Constraints on Olivine Deformation From SKS Shear‐Wave Splitting Beneath the Southern Cascadia Subduction Zone Back‐Arc
Authors: Löberich E. , Long M. D. , Wagner L. S. , Qorbani E. , Bokelmann G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractShear‐wave splitting observations of SKS and SKKS phases have been used widely to map azimuthal anisotropy, as caused by the occurrence of olivine, to constrain the dominant directions of upper mantle deformation. While SK(K)S splitting measurements at individual seismic stations are often averaged before interpretation, it is useful to consider additional information, for example, based on the variation of splitting parameters with azimuth due to the non‐vertical incidence of core‐phases. These constraints in theory enable a differentiation between various types of olivine and may allow us to infer otherwise poorly known upper mantle parameters such as stress, temperature, and water content. In this study, we predict the azimuthal variation of splitting parameters for A‐, C‐, and E‐type olivine fabrics and match them with observations from the High Lava Plains, Northwestern Basin and Range, and Western Yellowstone Snake River Plain in the Pacific Northwest US. This helps to constrain the amount of water in the upper mantle in the back‐arc of the Cascadia subduction zone, known for its consistent E‐W oriented seismic anisotropy, and particularly large splitting delay times. Our investigation renders the C‐type olivine mechanism improbable for this location; A‐ and E‐type fabrics match the observations, although differentiating between them is difficult. However, the agreement of the amplitude of backazimuthal variation of the fast orientation, plus the potential to explain large splitting delay times, suggest the occurrence of E‐type olivine, and thus the likely presence of a moderately hydrated upper mantle beneath Cascadia's back‐arc.