bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of heterologous Edwardsiella piscicida isolates from diverse fish hosts and virulence assessment in a Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha model
Authors: Nguyen Diem Thu , López‐Porras Adrián , Marancik David , Hawkins Leighanne , Welch Timothy J. , Petty Barbara Denise , Ware Cynthia , Griffin Matt J. , Soto Esteban 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEdwardsiella piscicida is an emergent global fish pathogen with a wide host range, although host associations driving genetic diversity remain unclear. This study investigated the genetic and virulence diversity of 37 E. piscicida isolates recovered from 10 fish species in North America. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted using concatenated alignments of the gyrB, pgi and phoU sequences. MLSA clustered the tested isolates into six discrete clades. In light of recent disease outbreaks in cultured salmonids, the virulence of each clade was evaluated in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fingerlings following intracoelomic challenge of ~106 CFU/fish. Challenged and control fish were monitored for 21d, and microbiological and histological examination was performed on dead and surviving fish. Peak mortality occurred 3–5 days post‐challenge (dpc) regardless of isolate or genetic group. Edwardsiella piscicida was recovered from all moribund and dead animals. At 21 dpc, fish challenged with isolates from clades II, III and IV presented cumulative mortality ≥83.3%, whereas isolates from clade I, V and VI resulted in cumulative mortality ≤71.4%. This study suggests an underlying genetic basis for strain virulence and potential host associations. Further investigations using other fish models and variable challenge conditions are warranted.
Comparison of selective enrichment and plating media for Salmonella isolation from broiler carcasses
Authors: Obe Tomi , Berrang Mark E. , Cox Nelson A. , House Sandra L. , Shariat Nikki W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalmonella detection and isolation rely on different selective enrichment media, which can influence which serovars are detected. The objective of this study was to compare Salmonella recovery from broiler carcass rinses using three different selective enrichment protocols and three differential plating agars. Eight prechill broiler carcasses were collected at a commercial slaughter facility. Each carcass was subjected to whole carcass rinse procedure in buffered peptone water (BPW). An aliquot of the rinse and whole carcasses in the remaining rinse were incubated as a pre‐enrichment before subculturing in selective enrichment broths (Rappaport Vassiliadis [RV], Tetrathionate Hajna [TT], and TT to RV in series [TT‐to‐RV]). Enriched samples were streaked on the three differential agars (Hektoen Enteric [HE], Brilliant Green Sulfa [BGS], and Xylose‐Lysine‐Tergitol‐4 [XLT‐4]). Salmonella was isolated from all eight carcasses. Considering all sample preparations as independent subsamples, Salmonella was detected in 88% (128/144) of subsamples with a 100% recovery from the TT‐to‐RV enrichment, and 92 and 71% from RV and TT broths, individually. A high concordance in recovery on BGS versus XLT‐4 agar plates was observed compared to HE versus BGS and HE versus XLT‐4 plates. These data suggest that choice of pre‐enrichment method, selective enrichment medium, and differential agar can influence the recovery of Salmonella from poultry samples.
Treatment intensity and mortality among COVID‐19 patients with dementia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Barnato Amber E. , Birkmeyer John D. , Skinner Jonathan S. , O'Malley A. James , Birkmeyer Nancy J. O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine whether dementia is associated with treatment intensity and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.MethodsThis study includes review of the medical records for patients >60 years of age (n = 5394) hospitalized with COVID‐19 from 132 community hospitals between March and June 2020. We examined the relationships between dementia and treatment intensity (including intensive care unit [ICU] admission and mechanical ventilation [MV] and care processes that may influence them, including advance care planning [ACP] billing and do‐not‐resuscitate [DNR] orders) and in‐hospital mortality adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbidity, month of hospitalization, and clustering within hospital. We further explored the effect of ACP conversations on the relationship between dementia and outcomes, both at the individual patient level (effect of having ACP) and at the hospital level (effect of being treated at a hospital with low: <10%, medium 10%–20%, or high >20% ACP rates).ResultsTen percent (n = 522) of the patients had documented dementia. Dementia patients were older (>80 years: 60% vs. 27%, p < 0.0001), had a lower burden of comorbidity (3+ comorbidities: 31% vs. 38%, p = 0.003), were more likely to have ACP (28% vs. 17%, p < 0.0001) and a DNR order (52% vs. 22%, p < 0.0001), had similar rates of ICU admission (26% vs. 28%, p = 0.258), were less likely to receive MV (11% vs. 16%, p = 0.001), and more likely to die (22% vs. 14%, p < 0.0001). Differential treatment intensity among patients with dementia was concentrated in hospitals with low, dementia‐biased ACP billing practices (risk‐adjusted ICU use: 21% vs. 30%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.6, p = 0.016; risk‐adjusted MV use: 6% vs. 16%, OR = 0.3, p < 0.001).ConclusionsDementia was associated with lower treatment intensity and higher mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Differential treatment intensity was concentrated in low ACP billing hospitals suggesting an interplay between provider bias and “preference‐sensitive” care for COVID‐19.
The Effects of Objective and Subjective Social Class on Leadership Emergence
Authors: Loignon Andrew C. , Kodydek Georg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe develop and test predictions about how differences in people’s social class backgrounds, as well as interpersonal perceptions of social class, influence leadership emergence as teams change tasks and group membership. Drawing on adaptive leadership theory, we test distinct pathways for how team members’ social class backgrounds contribute to their likelihood of emerging as a leader. Using data from two samples consisting of 90 teams and over 500 individuals, we find consistent support for a person’s objective class background informing subjective perceptions of social class, which in turn predict leadership emergence. Our findings extend recent research examining the relevance of social class in leadership research by demonstrating how interpersonal judgments of one’s class position contribute to leader emergence even as the group’s membership or task changes and irrespective of an individual’s performance. By examining the role of social class in these informal, yet important, attributions of leadership, our study identifies potential avenues by which class‐based inequalities can be reproduced within contemporary organizations.
Clinical signs, duodenal histopathological grades, and serum high‐mobility group box 1 concentrations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hwan , Kim Hong‐Suk , Lee Dohee , Yun Taesik , Koo Yoonhoi , Chae Yeon , Kang Ji‐Houn , Kang Byeong‐Teck , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kim Hakhyun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly occurs in dogs, but there is lack of information about potential biomarkers of clinical and histopathologic severity.ObjectiveTo examine the role of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) concentrations in dogs with IBD.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with IBD and 25 healthy dogs.MethodsIn this prospective study, duodenal histopathologic severity was graded, and the clinical severity of IBD was assessed by the canine IBD assessment index (CIBDAI) score in dogs with IBD. Serum CRP and HMGB1 concentrations were compared between IBD and healthy dogs and analyzed according to histopathologic grade in dogs with IBD. The correlations between serum CRP and HMGB1 concentrations and the CIBDAI score were evaluated.ResultsDogs with IBD had higher serum CRP (median [range] = 20.39 [1.53‐67.69] μg/mL vs 2.31 [0.17‐11.49] μg/mL; P < .001) and HMGB1 concentrations (0.44 [0.07‐1.58] ng/mL vs 0.05 [0.01‐0.25] ng/mL; P < .001) than healthy dogs. The serum HMGB1 concentration was higher in IBD dogs with a moderate to severe histopathologic grade (0.51 [0.30‐1.58] ng/mL, P = .03) than in those with a mild histopathologic grade (0.17 [0.07‐0.75] ng/mL). Serum CRP concentrations and CIBDAI score were positively correlated in dogs with IBD (rs = .49, P = .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum HMGB1 could be a potential biomarker for diagnosing IBD and might be indicative of histopathologic severity in dogs, whereas serum CRP might be an indicator of clinical severity.
Different ways to play it cool: Transcriptomic analysis sheds light on different activity patterns of three amphipod species under long‐term cold exposure
Authors: Lipaeva Polina , Vereshchagina Kseniya , Drozdova Polina , Jakob Lena , Kondrateva Elizaveta , Lucassen Magnus , Bedulina Daria , Timofeyev Maxim , Stadler Peter , Luckenbach Till 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecies of littoral freshwater environments in regions with continental climate experience pronounced seasonal temperature changes. Coping with long cold winters and hot summers requires specific physiological and behavioural adaptations. Endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus, show high metabolic activity throughout the year; E. verrucosus even reproduces in winter. In contrast, the widespread Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris overwinters in torpor. This study investigated the transcriptomic hallmarks of E. verrucosus, E. cyaneus and G. lacustris exposed to low water temperatures. Amphipods were exposed to 1.5°C and 12°C (corresponding to the mean winter and summer water temperatures, respectively, in the Baikal littoral) for one month. At 1.5°C, G. lacustris showed upregulation of ribosome biogenesis and mRNA processing genes, as well as downregulation of genes related to growth, reproduction and locomotor activity, indicating enhanced energy allocation to somatic maintenance. Our results suggest that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway is involved in the preparation for hibernation; downregulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway genes could relate to the observed low locomotor activity of G. lacustris at 1.5°C. The differences between the transcriptomes of E. verrucosus and E. cyaneus from the 1.5°C and 12°C exposures were considerably smaller than for G. lacustris. In E. verrucosus, cold‐exposure triggered reproductive activity was indicated by upregulation of respective genes, whereas in E. cyaneus, genes related to mitochondria functioning were upregulated, indicating cold compensation in this species. Our data elucidate the molecular characteristics behind the different adaptations of amphipod species from the Lake Baikal area to winter conditions.
Unraveling the role of MADS transcription factor complexes in apple tree dormancy
Authors: da Silveira Falavigna Vítor , Severing Edouard , Lai Xuelei , Estevan Joan , Farrera Isabelle , Hugouvieux Véronique , Revers Luís Fernando , Zubieta Chloe , Coupland George , Costes Evelyne , Andrés Fernando 
Published: September 2021

Summary

A group of MADS transcription factors (TFs) are believed to control temperature‐mediated bud dormancy. These TFs, called DORMANCY‐ASSOCIATED MADS‐BOX (DAM), are encoded by genes similar to SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) from Arabidopsis. MADS proteins form transcriptional complexes whose combinatory composition defines their molecular function. However, how MADS multimeric complexes control the dormancy cycle in trees is unclear.

Apple MdDAM and other dormancy‐related MADS proteins form complexes with MdSVPa, which is essential for the ability of transcriptional complexes to bind to DNA. Sequential DNA‐affinity purification sequencing (seq‐DAP‐seq) was performed to identify the genome‐wide binding sites of apple MADS TF complexes. Target genes associated with the binding sites were identified by combining seq‐DAP‐seq data with transcriptomics datasets obtained using a glucocorticoid receptor fusion system, and RNA‐seq data related to apple dormancy.

We describe a gene regulatory network (GRN) formed by MdSVPa‐containing complexes, which regulate the dormancy cycle in response to environmental cues and hormonal signaling pathways. Additionally, novel molecular evidence regarding the evolutionary functional segregation between DAM and SVP proteins in the Rosaceae is presented.

MdSVPa sequentially forms complexes with the MADS TFs that predominate at each dormancy phase, altering its DNA‐binding specificity and, therefore, the transcriptional regulation of its target genes.
Microstructural changes enhance oxygen transport in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during maturation and ripening
Authors: Xiao Hui , Piovesan Agnese , Pols Suzane , Verboven Pieter , Nicolaï Bart 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Climacteric ripening of tomato fruit is initiated by a characteristic surge of the production rate of ethylene, accompanied by an increase in respiration rate. As both activities consume O2 and produce CO2, gas concentration gradients develop in the fruit that cause diffusive transport. This may, in turn, affect respiration and ethylene biosynthesis. Gas diffusion in fruit depends on the amount and connectivity of cells and intercellular spaces in 3D.

We investigated micromorphological changes in different tomato tissues during development and ripening by visualizing cells and pores based on high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography, and computed effective O2 diffusivity coefficients based on microstructural features of the tissues.

We demonstrated that mesocarp and septa tissues have larger cells but small and more disconnected pores than the placenta and columella, resulting in relatively lower effective O2 diffusivity coefficients. Cell disintegration occurred in the mesocarp and septa during ripening, indicating lysigenous air pore formation and resulting in a gradual increase of the effective O2 diffusivity.

The results suggest that hypoxic conditions caused by the increasing size and, hence, diffusion resistance of the growing fruit may induce an increase of tissue porosity that results in a greatly enhanced O2 diffusivity and, thus, helps to alleviate them.
HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 mediates the conversion of indole‐3‐butyric acid to indole‐3‐acetic acid to promote root hair elongation
Authors: Zhao Huan , Wang Yutao , Zhao Shuai , Fu Ying , Zhu Lei 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is a predominant form of active auxin in plants. In addition to de novo biosynthesis and release from its conjugate forms, IAA can be converted from its precursor indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA).

The IBA‐derived IAA may help drive root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but how the IBA‐to‐IAA conversion is regulated and affects IAA function requires further investigation.

In this study, HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 24 (HB24), a transcription factor in the zinc finger‐homeodomain family (ZF‐HD family) of proteins, was identified. With loss of HB24 function, defective growth occurred in root hairs. INDOLE‐3‐BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE 1 (IBR1), which encodes an enzyme involved in the IBA‐to‐IAA conversion, was identified as a direct target of HB24 for the control of root hair elongation. The exogenous IAA or auxin analogue 1‐naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) both rescued the root hair growth phenotype of hb24 mutants, but IBA did not, suggesting a role for HB24 in the IBA‐to‐IAA conversion.

Therefore, HB24 participates in root hair elongation by upregulating the expression of IBR1 and subsequently promoting the IBA‐to‐IAA conversion. Moreover, IAA also elevated the expression of HB24, suggesting a feedback loop is involved in IBA‐to‐IAA conversion‐mediated root hair elongation.
‘Dual‐reference’ method for high‐precision infrared measurement of leaf surface temperature under field conditions
Authors: Muller Jonathan D. , Rotenberg Eyal , Tatarinov Fyodor , Vishnevetsky Irina , Dingjan Tamir , Kribus Abraham , Yakir Dan 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Temperature is a key control over biological activities from the cellular to the ecosystem scales. However, direct, high‐precision measurements of surface temperature of small objects, such as leaves, under field conditions with large variations in ambient conditions remain rare. Contact methods, such as thermocouples, are prone to large errors. The use of noncontact remote‐sensing methods, such as thermal infrared measurements, provides an ideal solution, but their accuracy has been low (c. 2°C) owing to the necessity for corrections for material emissivity and fluctuations in background radiation Lbg.

A novel ‘dual‐reference’ method was developed to increase the accuracy of infrared needle‐leaf surface temperature measurements in the field. It accounts for variations in Lbg and corrects for the systematic camera offset using two reference plates.

We accurately captured surface temperature and leaf‐to‐air temperature differences of needle‐leaves in a forest ecosystem with large diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations with an uncertainty of ± 0.23°C and ± 0.28°C, respectively.

Routine high‐precision leaf temperature measurements even under harsh field conditions, such as demonstrated here, opens the way for investigating a wide range of leaf‐scale processes and their dynamics.
Use of Mayer wave activity to demonstrate aberrant cardiovascular autonomic control following sports concussion injury
Authors: La Fountaine Michael F. , Hohn Asante N. , Leahy Caroline L. , Testa Anthony J. , Weir Joseph P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDysregulation of cardiovascular autonomic control is gaining recognition as a prevailing consequence of concussion injury. Characterizing the presence of autonomic dysfunction in concussed persons is inconsistent and conventional metrics of autonomic function cannot differentiate the presence/absence of injury. Mayer wave (MW) activity originates through baroreflex adjustments to blood pressure (BP) oscillations that appear in the low‐frequency (LF: 0.04–0.15 Hz) band of the BP and heart rate (HR) power spectrum after a fast Fourier transform. We prospectively explored MW activity (∼0.1 Hz) in 19 concussed and 19 noninjured athletes for 5 min while seated at rest within 48 h and 1 week of injury. MW activity was derived from the LF band of continuous digital electrocardiogram and beat‐to‐beat BP signals (LFHR, LF‐SBP, MWHR, and MW‐SBP, respectively); a proportion between MWBP and MWHR was computed (cMW). At 48 h, the concussion group had a significantly lower MWBP and cMW than controls; these differences were gone by 1 week. MWHR, LFHR, and LF‐SBP were not different between groups at either visit. Attenuated sympathetic vasomotor tone was present and the central autonomic mechanisms regulating MW activity to the heart and peripheral vasculature became transiently discordant early after concussion with apparent resolution by 1 week.
Arab American women and the generational cycle of shame: A cognitive reading of Etaf Rum’s A Woman Is No Man
Authors: Mikić Marijana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe essay uses a cognitive narratological approach to analyze how Etaf Rum’s A Woman Is No Man (2019) negotiates Arab American patriarchal culture through the lens of shame. By narrating the emotional experiences of Arab American women who bear the pain of shame while they also engage in shaming others, Rum gives readers the opportunity to understand better the complex relationship between the psychology of shame and the “shame of gender” in patriarchal Arab American culture. Not only does A Woman Is No Man articulate the lived experiences of one of the most “forgotten” and silenced ethnic groups within American literature and culture, it also draws attention to how gender‐based shaming is shaped by, and contributes to shaping, a culture of patriarchy and male power. The novel uncovers the different ways in which shame impacts the minds and bodies of Arab American women across three generations, while also laying bare the psychological, gendered, and socio‐culturally embedded aspects that shape the elicitation, experience, expression, and regulation of shame.
Service quality and the optimum number of members in intermunicipal cooperation: The case of emergency primary care services in Norway
Authors: Blåka Sara , Jacobsen Dag Ingvar , Morken Tone 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntermunicipal cooperation (IMC) is often used as a mean to reap scale benefits. Most studies on the effects of IMC focus on cost savings, while service quality is overlooked. In this study, the focus is set on input quality in a service characterized by high asset specificity and need for redundancy: emergency primary care. We analyze how mode of governance affect performance by (1) measuring whether IMC versus single‐municipal production affects input quality and (2) identifying optimum scale of operation; effect of the number of participants in the cooperation on input quality. The findings indicate that cooperation weakens the input quality of medical workforce, but that this negative effect is balanced out as the number of participants increases, indicating that cooperation needs to reach a certain size to achieve optimum scale of operation. Concerning equipment, both cooperation in general and an increasing number of participants decrease the input quality.
Health‐related quality of life of food‐allergic children compared with healthy controls and other diseases
Authors: Frachette Cécile , Fina Agnès , Fontas Eric , Donzeau Dominique , Hoflack Marie , Gastaud Frédérique , Baechler Elisabeth , Dor Emmanuelle , Descos Bruno , Triolo Valérie , Berthet Stéphanie , Bailly‐Piccini Carole , Béguin Mélissa , Flokstra‐de Blok Bertine , Bourrier Thierry , Giovannini‐Chami Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy is a potentially life‐threatening disease, affecting up to 10% of the pediatric population.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to assess the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of food‐allergic patients compared with the general population and patients with other chronic diseases with dietary or allergic burden, in a cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe recruited patients aged 8–17 years diagnosed with food allergy and matched healthy controls recruited in schools. We also included patients with asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, diabetes, obesity, and eating disorders. We used the CHQ‐CF87 questionnaire for generic HRQL assessment. Food allergy HRQL was also assessed using specific questionnaires: Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM).ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐five food‐allergic children, 255 children with chronic diseases, and 463 healthy controls were included in the analyses. Food‐allergic patients had a better HRQL than healthy controls in the Behavior (BE), Bodily Pain (BP), Family Activities (FA), and Mental Health (MH) domains and a worse HRQL in the General Health Perception (GH) domain (p = .048). Food‐allergic patients exhibited a better HRQL than patients affected by other chronic diseases, notably diabetes. Although an epinephrine autoinjector had been prescribed to 87.4% of the food‐allergic children, only 54.2% of them carried it at all times.ConclusionFood‐allergic patients display overall good HRQL compared with the general population and those with other diseases with daily symptoms and treatments, in line with recent improvements in food allergy management.