bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Quality and Fractures in Women With Osteoporosis Treated With Bisphosphonates for 1 to 14 Years
Authors: Malluche Hartmut H , Chen Jin , Lima Florence , Liu Lucas J , Monier‐Faugere Marie‐Claude , Pienkowski David 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTOral bisphosphonates are the primary medication for osteoporosis, but concerns exist regarding potential bone‐quality changes or low‐energy fractures. This cross‐sectional study used artificial intelligence methods to analyze relationships among bisphosphonate treatment duration, a wide variety of bone‐quality parameters, and low‐energy fractures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histomorphometry quantified bone‐quality parameters in 67 osteoporotic women treated with oral bisphosphonates for 1 to 14 years. Artificial intelligence methods established two models relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone‐quality changes and to low‐energy clinical fractures. The model relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone quality demonstrated optimal performance when treatment durations of 1 to 8 years were separated from treatment durations of 9 to 14 years. This may be due to a change in relationship of bone‐quality parameters with treatment duration. This model also showed that the effects of bisphosphonate treatment duration were most highly correlated with changes in means and standard deviations of infrared spectroscopically derived mineral and matrix parameters and histomorphometric bone turnover parameters. A second model related treatment duration to bone fracture in all 22 patients who fractured while on treatment with bisphosphonates for more than 8 years. This second model showed that bisphosphonate treatment duration, not hip bone mineral density (BMD), was the most strongly correlated parameter to these low‐energy bone fractures. Application of artificial intelligence enabled analysis of large quantities of structural, cellular, mineral, and matrix bone‐quality parameters to determine relationships with long‐term oral bisphosphonate treatment and fracture. Infrared spectroscopy provides clinically relevant bone‐quality information of which bone mineral purity is among the most relevant. Nine or more years of bisphosphonate treatment was associated with abnormal bone mineral purity, matrix abnormalities, and low‐energy fractures. These data justify limiting bisphosphonate treatment duration to 8 years. © 2021 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Visnagin prevents isoproterenol‐induced myocardial injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulating Nrf2 signaling in rats
Authors: Abukhalil Mohammad H. , Hussein Omnia E. , Aladaileh Saleem H. , Althunibat Osama Y. , Al‐Amarat Wesam , Saghir Sultan A. , Alfwuaires Manal A. , Algefare Abdulmohsen I. , Alanazi Khalid M. , Al‐Swailmi Farhan K. , Kamel Emadeldin M. , Mahmoud Ayman M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxidative tissue injury and inflammatory responses play major roles in cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. Visnagin (VIS) is a natural bioactive component of Ammi visnaga, with promising radical scavenging and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study explored the protective effect of VIS against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced acute myocardial injury and oxidative stress in rats. VIS was supplemented for 14 days, and the rats received ISO (100 mg/kg) twice at an interval of 24 h. ISO‐induced myocardial injury was characterized by elevated serum CK‐MB, LDH, and troponin‐I associated with increased heart weight and several histopathological changes. ISO increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), NF‐κB p65, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and decreased glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in rats' hearts. VIS prevented myocardial injury and ameliorated the cardiac function markers, ROS, MDA, NF‐κB p65, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in ISO‐intoxicated rats. In addition, VIS decreased Bax mRNA and caspases, and upregulated Nrf2, HO‐1, Bcl‐2, and PPARγ. Molecular docking simulations revealed the binding method of VIS to NF‐κB, Keap1, and PPARγ. In conclusion, VIS protects against ISO‐induced acute myocardial injury by attenuating oxidative tissue injury and reducing key inflammatory and apoptosis markers. In vivo and in silico results showed that activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling and PPARγ mediates the cardioprotective effect of VIS.
Temperature‐dependent structural fluctuation and its effect on the electronic structure and charge transport in hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Xi Jinyang , Zheng Liangliang , Wang Shenghao , Yang Jiong , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recently discovered hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been suggested for high‐performance optoelectronic applications. Owing to the mechanical flexibility of these compounds, they demonstrate structural fluctuation at finite temperatures that have been widely discussed with respect to their optical properties. However, the effect of temperature‐induced structural fluctuation is not clear until now, with respect to the equally important charge transport properties. In the present study, through ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of cubic‐phase CH3NH3PbI3 at different temperatures, the temperature‐dependent electronic structure and charge carrier transport properties are examined. Compared with the significant structural fluctuation of organic cations, the structural change of the inorganic framework is minor. In addition, because the band edge states at R point are mainly influenced by the anti‐bonding character of the Pb‐I bond, CH3NH3PbI3 demonstrates relatively small deformation potentials as well as low temperature dependence of band gaps (ΔEg ≈ 50 meV from 330 K to 400 K) and electron–phonon coupling strengths, despite the large structural fluctuation of organic cations. Furthermore, the effective mass of the valence band increases with the increase of temperature. The predicted mobilities of CH3NH3PbI3 can reach above 75 cm2 V−1 s−1 near room temperature, exhibiting an appropriate optoelectronic potential, while the temperature dependence is steeper than T−1.5 of the traditional semiconductors because of the enhanced effective masses.
What to do about homelessness? Journalists collaborating as claims‐makers in the San Francisco Homeless Project
Authors: Moorhead Laura 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis content analysis considered the San Francisco Homeless Project (SFHP), a collaboration of media organizations working to generate a wave of coverage to alleviate homelessness. The effort stood out for its proposed solutions to a systemic and complex issue involving multiple ecological levels of a community, the number and variety of organizations involved, and the ongoing nature of the project. Yet, little is known about its impact and potential for replication. Researchers coded 977 articles published by 134 media organizations over an 18‐month period split into three phases (Preliminary, Wave 1, and Wave 2). Article frequency, characteristics, and content (code groups) were stratified by SFHP participation and described overtime. Results revealed that in addition to creating a media blitz, SFHP participants generated significantly longer and more visual articles and were influenced by nonprofits and government agencies. However, the SFHP did not lead to a sustained change in terms of article frequency and content.
Challenges for the application of bacteriophages as effective antibacterial agents in the food industry
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Feng , Zhan Wenyao , Li Zhiqi , Zou Liang , Zhao Qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFood contamination caused by foodborne pathogens is one of the most important concerns in public health worldwide, and accounts for a significant portion of food loss every year. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has turned the attention of researchers back to the potential of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents, and their use has been attempted in various pre‐and post‐harvest food production settings. The application of phage‐based antibacterial products has achieved considerable success but a number of technical, environmental and administrative challenges remain unaddressed. In this review, we summarize the current status of bacteriophage application in the food industry. We discuss the obstacles facing the further development of phage‐based antibacterial products from the aspects of technology, environmental safety, and administrative policy. We also advance some possible solutions to these challenges. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ecological Disturbance Through Patch‐Burn Grazing Influences Lesser Prairie‐Chicken Space Use
Authors: Lautenbach Jonathan D. , Haukos David A. , Lautenbach Joseph M. , Hagen Christian A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAcross portions of the western Great Plains in North America, natural fire has been removed from grassland ecosystems, decreasing vegetation heterogeneity and allowing woody encroachment. The loss of fire has implications for grassland species requiring diverse vegetation patches and structure or patches that have limited occurrence in the absence of fire. The lesser prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a declining species of prairie‐grouse that requires heterogeneous grasslands throughout its life history and fire has been removed from much of its occupied range. Patch‐burn grazing is a management strategy that re‐establishes the fire‐grazing interaction to a grassland system, increasing heterogeneity in vegetation structure and composition. We evaluated the effects of patch‐burn grazing on lesser prairie‐chicken space use, habitat features, and vegetation selection during a 4‐year field study from 2014–2017. Female lesser prairie‐chickens selected 1‐ and 2‐year post‐fire patches during the lekking season, ≥4‐year post‐fire patches during the nesting season, and year‐of‐fire and 1‐year post‐fire patches during post‐nesting and nonbreeding seasons. Vegetation selection during the lekking season was not similar to available vegetation in selected patches, suggesting that lesser prairie‐chickens cue in on other factors during the lekking season. During the nesting season, females selected nest sites with greater visual obstruction, which was available in ≥4‐year post‐fire patches; during the post‐nesting season, females selected sites with 15–25% bare ground, which was available in the year‐of‐fire, 1‐year post‐fire, and 2‐year post‐fire patches; and during the nonbreeding season they selected sites with lower visual obstruction, available in the year‐of‐fire and 1‐year post‐fire patches. Because lesser prairie‐chickens selected all available time‐since‐fire patches during their life history, patch‐burn grazing may be a viable management tool to restore and maintain lesser prairie‐chicken habitat on the landscape. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
The Risk of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo After Head Trauma
Authors: Andersson Helene , Jablonski Greg Eigner , Nordahl Stein Helge Glad , Nordfalk Karl , Helseth Eirik , Martens Camilla , Røysland Kjetil , Goplen Frederik Kragerud 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesHead trauma may cause dislodgement of otoconia and development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The risk of developing BPPV is expected to be highest shortly after the trauma, then decrease and approach the risk seen in the general population. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk‐time curve of BPPV development after head trauma.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsPatients with minimal, mild, or moderate head trauma treated at the Department of Neurosurgery or the Department of Orthopedic Emergency at Oslo University Hospital, were interviewed and examined for BPPV using the Dix‐Hallpike and supine roll maneuvers. BPPV was diagnosed according to the International diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society. Telephone interviews were conducted at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after the first examination.ResultsOut of 117 patients, 21% developed traumatic BPPV within 3 months after the trauma. The corresponding numbers were 12% with minimal trauma, 24% with mild, and 40% with moderate trauma. The difference in prevalence between the groups was significant (P = .018). During the first 4 weeks after the trauma, it was observed 20, 3, 0, and 1 BPPV onsets, respectively. No BPPV cases were seen for the remainder of the 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe risk of developing BPPV after minimal‐to‐moderate head trauma is considerable and related to trauma severity. Most cases occur within few days after the trauma, but any BPPV occurring within the first 2 weeks after head trauma are likely due to the traumatic event.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:443–448, 2022
Chemical derivatization strategy for mass spectrometry‐based lipidomics
Authors: Xia Fangbo , Wan Jian‐Bo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLipids, serving as the structural components of cellular membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules, play the essential and multiple roles in biological functions of mammals. Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely accepted as the first choice for lipid analysis, offering good performance in sensitivity, accuracy, and structural characterization. However, the untargeted qualitative profiling and absolute quantitation of lipids are still challenged by great structural diversity and high structural similarity. In recent decade, chemical derivatization mainly targeting carboxyl group and carbon‐carbon double bond of lipids have been developed for lipidomic analysis with diverse advantages: (i) offering more characteristic structural information; (ii) improving the analytical performance, including chromatographic separation and MS sensitivity; (iii) providing one‐to‐one chemical isotope labeling internal standards based on the isotope derivatization regent in quantitative analysis. Moreover, the chemical derivatization strategy has shown great potential in combination with ion mobility mass spectrometry and ambient mass spectrometry. Herein, we summarized the current states and advances in chemical derivatization‐assisted MS techniques for lipidomic analysis, and their strengths and challenges are also given. In summary, the chemical derivatization‐based lipidomic approach has become a promising and reliable technique for the analysis of lipidome in complex biological samples.
A low profile artificial magnetic conductor based tri‐band antenna for wearable applications
Authors: Lai Jianjun , Wang Ji , Sun Wei , Zhao Ruijuan , Zeng Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA wearable flexible tri‐annular square ring monopole antenna with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. The antenna operates at the ISM band (2.28–2.51 GHz, 5.2–6 GHz) and at WiMAX band (3.5‐4GHz) for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The number of antenna operating bands is determined by the number of square rings. A tri‐band AMC array is integrated to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the antenna profile. The overall size of antenna with AMC array is 90 × 90 × 6 mm3. The peak gain of the antenna is 4.8, 5.1, and 6.2 dBi at three frequency bands, respectively. The proposed antenna and AMC were printed on a flexible polyimide film. The antenna has good conformity, easy processing, lightweight and low profile of 0.048 λ0 at 2.4 GHz. The antenna was fabricated and measured where a very good agreement between simulated and measured results for S11 and radiation pattern. The measured antenna radiation efficiency is more than 70% in the operating frequency band.
Toward magnetic resonance fingerprinting for low‐field MR‐guided radiation therapy
Authors: Mickevicius Nikolai J. , Kim Joshua P. , Zhao Jiwei , Morris Zachary S. , Hurst Newton J. , Glide‐Hurst Carri K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe acquisition of multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) is becoming increasingly important for functional characterization of cancer prior to‐ and throughout the course of radiation therapy. The feasibility of a qMRI method known as magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) for rapid T1 and T2 mapping was assessed on a low‐field MR‐linac system.MethodsA three‐dimensional MRF sequence was implemented on a 0.35T MR‐guided radiotherapy system. MRF‐derived measurements of T1 and T2 were compared to those obtained with gold standard single spin echo methods, and the impacts of the radiofrequency field homogeneity and scan times ranging between 6 and 48 min were analyzed by acquiring between 1 and 8 spokes per time point in a standard quantitative system phantom. The short‐term repeatability of MRF was assessed over three measurements taken over a 10‐h period. To evaluate transferability, MRF measurements were acquired on two additional MR‐guided radiotherapy systems. Preliminary human volunteer studies were performed.ResultsThe phantom benchmarking studies showed that MRF is capable of mapping T1 and T2 values within 8% and 10% of gold standard measures, respectively, at 0.35T. The coefficient of variation of T1 and T2 estimates over three repeated scans was < 5% over a broad range of relaxation times. The T1 and T2 times derived using a single‐spoke MRF acquisition across three scanners were near unity and mean percent errors in T1 and T2 estimates using the same phantom were < 3%. The mean percent differences in T1 and T2 as a result of truncating the scan time to 6 min over the large range of relaxation times in the system phantom were 0.65% and 4.05%, respectively.ConclusionsThe technical feasibility and accuracy of MRF on a low‐field MR‐guided radiation therapy device has been demonstrated. MRF can be used to measure accurate T1 and T2 maps in three dimensions from a brief 6‐min scan, offering strong potential for efficient and reproducible qMRI for future clinical trials in functional plan adaptation and tumor/normal tissue response assessment.
Mirabegron has longer treatment persistence than antimuscarinics: Real‐world data from a Korean national cohort database
Authors: Lee Kyu‐Sung , Park Hyejeong , Kang Danbee , Byun Hye J. , Foo Chee Y. , Hadi Farid A. , Kim Soyoung , Cho Juhee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo descriptively evaluate treatment persistence among adults who received mirabegron or antimuscarinics in South Korea.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective analysis of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database. Patients (≥18 years) who had a new prescription for an overactive bladder (OAB) target medication (mirabegron/antimuscarinic) within an 8‐month index period (July 1, 2015–February 29, 2016) were included. The date when the target (index) medication was dispensed was the index date. The 6‐month period before the index date was used to assess patient eligibility. A 12‐month post‐index period was used to assess medication persistence, which was defined as the time to discontinuation. Overall data were analyzed and the results were also stratified by age group (≤65, >65 years), sex, or prior OAB medication experience. Persistence rates were calculated after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months.ResultsA data set of 52 722 cases was obtained (mirabegron: 11 424, antimuscarinics: 41 298). The mean age was 60.9 ± 16.1 years and the majority of the patients were female (30 862 [58.5%] patients). Median persistence was longer with mirabegron (51 days) versus antimuscarinics (25 days). The persistence rate with mirabegron was higher throughout the study compared with all the antimuscarinics (12‐month data: 13.5% and 4.9%, respectively). Longer treatment persistence was noted in older, male, and treatment‐experienced patients.ConclusionThe results from the HIRA database showed that persistence was longer with mirabegron than with antimuscarinics in South Korea. This finding may help inform clinical decision‐making within the South Korean healthcare system.
Veritaa: A distributed public key infrastructure with signature store
Authors: Schaerer Jakob , Zumbrunn Severin , Braun Torsten 
Published: September 2021

SummaryToday, the integrity and authenticity of digital documents and data are often hard to verify. Existing public key infrastructures (PKIs) are capable of certifying digital identities but do not provide solutions to store signatures immutably, and the process of certification is often not transparent. We propose Veritaa, a distributed public key infrastructure with an integrated signature store (DPKISS). The central part of Veritaa is the Graph of Trust that manages identity claims and singed declarations between identity claims and document identifiers. An application‐specific distributed ledger is used to store the transactions that form the Graph of Trust immutably. For the distributed certification of identity claims, a reputation system based on signed trust declarations and domain vetting is used. In this work, we have designed and implemented the proposed architecture of Veritaa, created a testbed, and performed several experiments. The experiments show the benefits and the high performance of Veritaa.
Combined treatment modality in pediatric infratentorial midline high‐grade glioma can lead to long‐term survival: A case study and review of literature
Authors: Das Majumdar Saroj , Dhar Sovan Sarang , Lalsangzuala Chinzah , Sahu Rabi , Purkait Suvendu , Parida Dillip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCentral nervous system high‐grade glioma (HGG) occurring in an infratentorial midline location is not commonly found in the pediatric population. Though pediatric HGGs appear similar to their adult counterparts histopathologically, they differ in molecular, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Evidence for the management of HGG is sparse in the literature. Surgery in the form of maximum safe resection is the backbone of management and has been variably supplemented with external beam radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The outcome, though largely dismal, has some positive surprises too. As shown in the presented case, the combined modality of management in a 5‐year‐old female child has resulted in a disease‐free survival of 3.5 years.
Prediction and characterization of the T cell epitopes for the major soybean protein allergens using bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Zhou Fanlin , He Shudong , Zhang Yi , Wang Yongfei , Sun Hanju , Liu Qian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtein allergens is a health risk for consumption of soybeans. To understand allerginicity mechanism, T cell epitopes of 7 soybean allergens were predicted and screened by abilities to induce cytokine interleukin (IL) 4. The relationships among amino acid composition, properties, allergenicity, and pepsin hydrolysis sites were analyzed. Among the 138 T cell epitopes identified, YIKDVFRVIPSEVLS, KDVFRVIPSEVLSNS, DVFRVIPSEVLSNSY of Gly m 6.0501 (P04347), and AKADALFKAIEAYLL, ADALFKAIEAYLLAH of Gly m 4.0101 (P26987) were the most possible epitope candidates. In T cell epitopes pattern, the frequencies of amino acids Q, D, E, P, and G decreased, while F, I, N, V, K, H, A, L, and S increased. Hydrophobic residues at positions p1 and p2 and positively charged residues in positions p13 might contribute to allergenicity. Most of epitopes could be hydrolyzed by pepsin into small polypeptides within 12 residues length, and the anti‐digestive epitope regions contained I, V, S, N, and Q residues. T cell epitopes EEQRQQEGVIVELSK from Gly m 5.03 (P25974) showed resistance to pepsin hydrolysis and would cause a higher Th2 cell response. This research provides basis for the development of hypoallergenic soybean products in the soybean industry as well as for the immunotherapy design for protein allergy.