bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Energization in Relativistic Plasma Turbulence: Solenoidal versus Compressive Driving
Authors: Zhdankin Vladimir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many high-energy astrophysical systems contain magnetized collisionless plasmas with relativistic particles, in which turbulence can be driven by an arbitrary mixture of solenoidal and compressive motions. For example, turbulence in hot accretion flows may be driven solenoidally by the magnetorotational instability or compressively by spiral shock waves. It is important to understand the role of the driving mechanism on kinetic turbulence and the associated particle energization. In this work, we compare particle-in-cell simulations of solenoidally driven turbulence with similar simulations of compressively driven turbulence. We focus on plasma that has an initial beta of unity, relativistically hot electrons, and varying ion temperature. Apart from strong large-scale density fluctuations in the compressive case, the turbulence statistics are similar for both drives, and the bulk plasma is described reasonably well by an isothermal equation of state. We find that nonthermal particle acceleration is more efficient when turbulence is driven compressively. In the case of relativistically hot ions, both driving mechanisms ultimately lead to similar power-law particle energy distributions, but over a different duration. In the case of nonrelativistic ions, there is significant nonthermal particle acceleration only for compressive driving. Additionally, we find that the electron-to-ion heating ratio is less than unity for both drives, but takes a smaller value for compressive driving. We demonstrate that this additional ion energization is associated with the collisionless damping of large-scale compressive modes via perpendicular electric fields.
X-Ray Binaries in M51 I: Catalog and Statistics
Authors: Rice Jared R. , Rangelov Blagoy , Prestwich Andrea , Chandar Rupali , Bichon Luis , Boldt Clint 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We used archival data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory (Chandra) and the Hubble Space Telescope, to identify 334 candidate X-ray binary systems and their potential optical counterparts in the interacting galaxy pair NGC 5194/5195 (M51). We present the catalog and data analysis of X-ray and optical properties for those sources, from the deep 892 ks Chandra observations, along with the magnitudes of candidate optical sources as measured in the 8.16 ks Hubble Space Telescope observations. The X-ray luminosity function of the X-ray sources above a few times 1036 erg s−1 follows a power law

N
(
>

L

X
,
b

)
∝

L

X
,
b

1
−
α

with α = 1.65 ± 0.03. Approximately 80% of sources are variable over a 30 day window. Nearly half of the X-ray sources (173/334) have an optical counterpart within 0.″5.
A Revised View of the Linear Polarization in the Subparsec Core of M87 at 7 mm
Authors: Park Jongho , Asada Keiichi , Nakamura Masanori , Kino Motoki , Pu Hung-Yi , Hada Kazuhiro , Kravchenko Evgeniya V. , Giroletti Marcello 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The linear polarization images of the jet in the giant elliptical galaxy M87 have previously been observed with Very Long Baseline Array at 7 mm. They exhibit a complex polarization structure surrounding the optically thick and compact subparsec-scale core. However, given the low level of linear polarization in the core, it is required to verify that this complex structure does not originate from residual instrumental polarization signals in the data. We have performed a new analysis of the same data sets observed in four epochs by using the Generalized Polarization CALibration pipeline (GPCAL). This novel instrumental polarization calibration pipeline overcomes the limitations of LPCAL, a conventional calibration tool used in the previous M87 studies. The resulting images show a compact linear polarization structure with its peak nearly coincident with the total intensity peak, which is significantly different from the results of previous studies. The core linear polarization is characterized as fractional polarization of ∼0.2%–0.6% and polarization angles of ∼66°–92°, showing moderate variability. We demonstrate that, based on tests with synthetic data sets, LPCAL using calibrators having complex polarization structures cannot achieve sufficient calibration accuracy to obtain the true polarization image of M87 due to a breakdown of the “similarity approximation.” We find that GPCAL obtains more accurate D-terms than LPCAL by using observed closure traces of calibrators that are insensitive to both antenna gain and polarization leakage corruptions. This study suggests that polarization imaging of very weakly polarized sources has become possible with the advanced instrumental polarization calibration techniques.
The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chun , Burgasser Adam J. , Theissen Christopher A. , Gelino Christopher R. , Birky Jessica L. , Diamant Sharon J. M. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Aganze Christian , Blake Cullen H. , Faherty Jacqueline K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report multiepoch radial velocities, rotational velocities, and atmospheric parameters for 37 T-type brown dwarfs observed with Keck/NIRSPEC. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo forward-modeling method, we achieve median precisions of 0.5 and 0.9 km s−1 for radial and rotational velocities, respectively. All of the T dwarfs in our sample are thin-disk brown dwarfs. We confirm previously reported moving group associations for four T dwarfs. However, the lack of spectral indicators of youth in two of these sources suggests that these are chance alignments. We confirm two previously unresolved binary candidates, the T0+T4.5 2MASS J11061197+2754225 and the L7+T3.5 2MASS J21265916+7617440, with orbital periods of 4 and 12 yr, respectively. We find a kinematic age of 3.5 ± 0.3 Gyr for local T dwarfs, consistent with nearby late M dwarfs (4.1 ± 0.3 Gyr). Removal of thick-disk L dwarfs in the local ultracool dwarf sample gives a similar age for L dwarfs (4.2 ± 0.3 Gyr), largely resolving the local L dwarf age anomaly. The kinematic ages of local late M, L, and T dwarfs can be accurately reproduced with population simulations incorporating standard assumptions of the mass function, star formation rate, and brown dwarf evolutionary models. A kinematic dispersion break is found at the L4–L6 subtypes, likely reflecting the terminus of the stellar main sequence. We provide a compilation of precise radial velocities for 172 late M, L, and T dwarfs within ∼20 pc of the Sun.
Stellar Rotation in the Gaia Era: Revised Open Clusters’ Sequences
Authors: Godoy-Rivera Diego , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Rebull Luisa M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The period versus mass diagrams (i.e., rotational sequences) of open clusters provide crucial constraints for angular momentum evolution studies. However, their memberships are often heavily contaminated by field stars, which could potentially bias the interpretations. In this paper, we use data from Gaia DR2 to reassess the memberships of seven open clusters with ground- and space-based rotational data, and present an updated view of stellar rotation as a function of mass and age. We use the Gaia astrometry to identify the cluster members in phase space, and the photometry to derive revised ages and place the stars on a consistent mass scale. Applying our membership analysis to the rotational sequences reveals that: (1) the contamination in clusters observed from the ground can reach up to ∼35%; (2) the overall fraction of rotational outliers decreases substantially when the field contaminants are removed, but some outliers persist; (3) there is a sharp upper edge in the rotation periods at young ages; (4) at young ages, stars in the 1.0–0.6M
⊙ range inhabit a global maximum of rotation periods, potentially providing an optimal window for habitable planets. Additionally, we see clear evidence for a strongly mass-dependent spin-down process. In the regime where rapid rotators are leaving the saturated domain, the rotational distributions broaden (in contradiction with popular models), which we interpret as evidence that the torque must be lower for rapid rotators than for intermediate ones. The cleaned rotational sequences from ground-based observations can be as constraining as those obtained from space.
Relation dynamique entre innovation verte et performance financière : rôle du management environnemental
Authors: Taleb Lotfi , Ben Lahouel Béchir , Ben Zaied Younes , Amzil Aimad 
Published: November 2021

L’objectif de notre article est d’étudier la relation dynamique entre l’innovation verte en matière de processus et de produits sur la performance de l’entreprise. En s’inspirant de l’approche basée sur les ressources naturelles ( Natural resource-based view – NRBV ) de Hart (1995), nous postulons que les impacts dynamiques de l’innovation verte sur la valeur de marché de l’entreprise dépendent de l’engagement en matière de management environnemental d’une entreprise. A cet effet, nous suggérons l’utilisation d’un modèle de régression non-linéaire à seuil « panel smooth transition regression – PSTR » dans lequel le changement de la dynamique de la qualité du management environnemental est obtenue de manière endogène à partir des données. À partir de l’étude d’un échantillon d’entreprises européennes, les résultats empiriques révèlent une relation en U entre l’innovation verte et la valeur de marché. Notre étude fournit des preuves que l’innovation verte en matière de produits et de processus n’est financièrement rentable que lorsqu’un niveau seuil de performance environnementale est atteint.
Outcomes of acute drug poisoning among patients at one of the University Hospitals in Cairo
Authors: Morsy Warda Y.M. , Khalil Nahlaa S. , Abdou Rania M.M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Acute drug poisoning is a medical emergency that represents a major health problem all over the world and affects people of all age groups. It significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality, therefore requiring immediate assessment and management.

Aim
To assess the outcomes of acute drug poisoning among patients at one of the university hospitals in Cairo.

Research design
A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized in the current study.

Research question
What are the outcomes of critically ill patients admitted to the toxicology department with acute drug poisoning?

Sample
A purposive sample of 150 adult male and female patients who were admitted with acute drug poisoning.

Tools of data collection
Three tools were utilized to collect data pertinent to the current study: demographic and medical data tool, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores tool, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score.

Results
More than three-quarters of patients in the present study were females and had single-drug poisoning in percentages of 81.3 and 76.7%, respectively. Most of the studied sample was in the age group 18–20 with a mean age of 28±9.33 and stayed for 2 days in the ICU in percentages of 41.3 and 48%, respectively. Almost all (99.3%) of the studied sample had mild organ failure, more than two- thirds (64.7%) had Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores ranging from 0 to 4, indicating a 4% predicted mortality.

Conclusion
Single acute drug poisoning was markedly noticed among patients in the present study and most frequently was related to consumption of psychotropic medications with a greater proportion among the females who had in common mild organ dysfunction and low predicted mortality.

Recommendations
Increasing young-adult awareness about drug overdose to prevent poisoning. Furthermore, psychiatric consultation for patients admitted with acute drug poisoning before discharge is needed. For future studies, replication of this study on a larger-probability sample selected from different geographical areas in Egypt is recommended to obtain more generalizable results.
Role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human-derived chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (free β-hCG) serum levels as a marker in predicting of Small for gestational age (SGA)
Authors: Honarjoo Maryam , Zarean Elahe , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Kohan Shahnaz 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is one of the most important conditions, which is associated with the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and β-human-derived chorionic gonadotrophic (β-hCG) in the first trimester can predict this adverse outcome, considering the controversial nature of studies in this area, this cohort study was conducted to investigate the role of PAPP-A and freeβ-hCG levels for predicting SGA.

Materials and Methods:
In this cohort study, from 16 randomly selected health centers in Isfahan, Iran, 4605 volunteer pregnant women who had performed first-trimester fetal anomalies screening tests were chosen based on the census, from July 2016 to June 2018. The multiples of the median (MoM) PAPP-A <0.4 and MoM β-hCG >3 were considered as abnormal; the samples were followed up after childbirth. The biomarkers' serum levels, relative risk, and odds ratio (OR) of SGA were compared in both SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups.

Results:
In the SGA group, the mean of MOM PAPP-A was significantly lower (0.96 vs. 1.1 with P = 0.001) and MoM βhCG was significantly higher (1.24 vs. 1.15 with P = 0.01) than the AGA group. Odds for SGA in subjects with MoM PAPP-A <0.4 were 3.213; P = 0.001 and for subjects with MoM βhCG >3 reported as 0.683; P = 0.111.

Conclusion:
The results of the study showed that the low levels of PAPP-A would cause 3.213 times increase in the chance of developing SGA and no association between high level of βhCG >3 with SGA. Therefore, low level of the PAPP-A is a warning indicator for SGA.
Developing a Programme for Training Phonological Awareness and Assessment of its Effectiveness on Reading Skills of Elementary First Graders with Cochlear Implant
Authors: Shavaki Yoones Amiri , Weisi Farzad , Kamali Mohammad , Soleymani Zahra , Kashani Zohre Arani , Rashedi Vahid 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The current study aimed to develop a comprehensive phonological awareness intervention to train all levels of phonological awareness skills and to investigate its effect on the reading abilities of cochlear implanted children.

Materials and Methods:
This study was the single-subject intervention. Phonological awareness intervention programme was developed and validated by experts' opinions. Six elementary first graders with cochlear implants and weak or delayed reading development, in 5–7-year-old range, were trained in phonological awareness skills. ‘Auditory test of phonological awareness skills’ was used to evaluate the subjects' phonological awareness skills. Nama reading test was also used to determine the level of reading performance.

Results:
The results showed that all six subjects with cochlear implants had improvements of both phonological awareness skills and reading skills after participating in the phonological awareness intervention programme. This improvement was not only observed immediately after intervention but was also preserved in follow-up.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study demonstrated the importance of planning an intervention programme about phonological awareness skills for elementary first graders with cochlear implant, and the important role of such an intervention programme in improving their performance in phonological awareness tasks, and then in reading tasks consequently. The importance of improvement in these skills could considerably affect these children's linguistic and psychological abilities, which may facilitate their education at higher grades.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding the Use of Mask among Healthcare Workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Garg Heena , Kumar Shailendra , Singh Yudhyavir , Khanna Puneet , Trikha Anjan , Subramaniam Rajeshwari 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a large number of healthcare workers (HCW) getting infected, making it difficult to sustain uninterrupted and quality healthcare services. Using a mask is the minimum standard of care to prevent the spread of infection. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has added airborne spread as an important mode of spread of COVID-19. The aim of this survey study was to assess the awareness about the use and reuse of masks for infection control practices among HCWs during the ongoing pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based survey on the awareness, knowledge, and practices related to the use of masks in COVID-19 infection in the healthcare setting was circulated through E-mail to medical and paramedical staff. A convenient sampling method was used for data collection, and the distribution of responses was presented as frequencies and percentages. Descriptive statistics were performed for all groups and subgroups based on the responses.

Results:
The survey sent to 1000 HCWs but only 394 responses (response rate 39.4%) were obtained. N95 was used by 282 (71.57%) personnel, surgical mask in 99 (25.12%) workers, cloth mask 11 (2.79%), and no mask in 2 (0.05%) HCW. Two hundred and eighty (71.07%) HCWs were reusing the mask. However, only 150 out of 280 subjects (53.57%) were correctly reusing the mask.

Conclusion:
Although universal masking was present in our study population, the awareness about the correct practice of reuse was limited. Since the pandemic is not going to settle any time soon and we might get short on existing supplies, it is vital that the HCWs need to be trained for the correct reuse and more efficient ways of reuse need to be explored.
The Diagnostic Value of QT Dispersion for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Nondiagnostic Initial Electrocardiograms
Authors: Kinawy Sayed Abdelsabour , Assalahi Abdulhakim Ahmed , Balharith Fahad Hamad , Badawy Osama Osman 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Chest pain is a frequent cause for admission to the emergency department (ED). It can be a sign of various conditions, from a minor disorder to a life-threatening disease such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Despite the availability of modern-day tools for the diagnosis of AMI, about 5% of patients with AMI are missed in the ED, with subsequent associated morbidity and mortality. QT dispersion as a marker for arrhythmic potential being a marker of in-homogeneity of ventricular repolarization. The QT dispersion is increased in myocardial ischemia.

Aims:
This study we hypothesized that QTD could accurately identify patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who presented with chest pain and nondiagnostic initial electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Subjects and Methods:
The study population included (50) patients (37 males, 13 females) and (10) chronic stable ischemic patients as a control group, they were all in sinus rhythm on admission. All the studied patients were subjected to: History taking; complete physical examination was performed to rule out any other medical problems, standard 12-lead ECG, cardiac markers, echocardiographic examination. QT interval was calculated. The difference between the maximum and minimum QT intervals, occurring in any of the 12 leads, was measured as QTD. A corrected QT interval (QTc) of >440 ms is defined as abnormal, and the difference between QTc max and QTc min was calculated as QTcD. QT dispersion ≤40 ms was considered normal.

Results:
In the present study, we found that 26 patients (52%) have prolonged QTD (mean 78.800 ms, standard deviation [SD] ±49.555) and 44 patients (88%) have prolonged cQTD (mean 83.322 ms, SD ± 48.491) For patients who were admitted to the ED with chest pain and nondiagnostic initial ECG but later diagnosed as having ACS. Furthermore, we found that only 6 (12%) of patients have a significant prolongation QTD than normal in initial nondiagnostic ECG with elevated cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase myocardial band at 0 h 48, mean creatine kinase myocardial band (CK MP) at 12 h was 145.833 ± SD 52.660, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) at 0 h: 635.33, mean CPK at 12 h 2448.66 ± SD 538.744). It has been suggested that the initial QTD level has a low predictive power for new cardiac events but that QTD can be more helpful for low-risk patients.

Conclusion:
Hence, in this study, we found that QTD and QTcD values are higher for ACS patients than for patients without ACS with nondiagnostic initial ECG.
Case Report: Challenges for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Ashiri Alireza , Rafiei Abdollah , Beiromvand Molouk , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Alghasi Arash 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Strongyloidiasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), which is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. In most chronic cases, infections most frequently are asymptomatic, and eosinophilia might be the only clinical characteristic of this disease. The use of corticosteroids in some diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may lead to the development of the life-threatening S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome. In the present research, we presented five cases of strongyloidiasis with a history of COPD and receiving corticosteroids from Abadan County, southwestern Iran. By performing the direct smear stool examinations, two cases were identified and the other three cases were diagnosed using the agar plate culture method. Despite reporting eosinophilia in previous patients’ hospitalizations, the fecal examination was not performed for parasitic infections. Moreover, pulmonary symptoms were similar, but gastrointestinal symptoms were varied, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, constipation, and diarrhea. All the included patients were treated with albendazole, which is the second-line drug for S. stercoralis, and relapse of infection was observed in two patients by passing few months from the treatment. The increased blood eosinophil count was shown to play important roles in both the management of COPD and diagnosis of helminthic infections. In COPD patients who are receiving steroids, screening and follow-up for strongyloidiasis should be considered as priorities. In addition, ivermectin, which is the first-line drug for strongyloidiasis, should be available in the region.