bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1877‒1889
Authors: Bradley Ian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The period from 1877 to 1889 was dominated for Sullivan by his collaboration with W.S. Gilbert, with whom he wrote ten highly successful comic operas on an almost annual basis. He found the partnership increasingly frustrating, if highly lucrative. Away from the theatre, he wrote a dramatic cantata about an early Christian martyr, The Martyr of Antioch (1880), and a sacred cantata, The Golden Legend (1886), based on the poem by Henry Longfellow, which was performed more than any other choral work apart from The Messiah in the closing decade of the nineteenth century. In 1880, Sullivan took up the conductorship of the prestigious Leeds Festival which gave him a chance to conduct significant sacred works, including the first ever complete performance in Britain of Bach’s B Minor Mass over which he took considerable pains. An address on music which he gave in Birmingham in 1888 touches on his own faith and reveals his Biblical knowledge and deep attachment to church music. His own contributions to the Savoy operas on which he collaborated with Gilbert also reveal much about his spirituality.
The 1890s
Authors: Bradley Ian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arthur Sullivan’s final decade was overshadowed by increasing and debilitating ill health and growing criticism of the light-weight nature of his work by critics associated with the English Musical Renaissance centred around two younger composers, C.H. Parry and C.V. Stanford. Sullivan did at last produce the grand opera, Ivanhoe (1891), which he had wanted to write for so long. He also continued to write comic operas for the Savoy Theatre, most of them with librettists other than Gilbert. He wrote a ballet and a hymn tune for Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee, set a patriotic song by Rudyard Kipling to raise funds for the families of troops serving in the Boer War, and wrote a Te Deum to be used when that war ended. He died in 1900, mourned and remembered as much as a church musician and for his sacred works as for his comic operas.
Divine Holiness and Divine Action
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Holiness is the attribute most emphatically ascribed to God in Scripture. But there has been little attention devoted to characterizing and considering the entailments of divine holiness. This book defends an account of holiness indebted to Rudolf Otto’s description of the experience of the holy as that of a mysterium tremendum et fascinans. God’s being holy consists in God’s being someone with whom intimate union is both extremely desirable for us and yet something for which we—and indeed any limited beings—are unfit. This notion of divine holiness is useful for addressing disputed theological questions regarding divine action. In contrast to standard accounts of divine action that begin with assumptions regarding God’s moral perfection or God’s maximal love, the appeal to divine holiness supports a rival framework for explaining and predicting divine action—the holiness framework—according to which God is motivated to act in ways that are a response to God’s own value by keeping distance from that which is deficient, defective, or in any way limited in goodness. The book exhibits the fruitfulness of a reorientation from the morality and love frameworks to the holiness framework by showing how such a reorientation suggests distinct approaches to perennial problems of divine action regarding creation, incarnation, atonement, and salvation. From the treatment of these perennial problems, a general theme regarding divine action emerges: that God’s interaction with the world exhibits a radical sort of humility.
Introduction
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Holiness is the most salient feature ascribed to God in Scripture but has been neglected by philosophers of religion and philosophical theologians. The introduction lays out two theses about holiness that this book’s account of divine holiness assumes. First, it assumes realism about holiness, the view that holiness judgments describe, and that some such positive judgments are veridical. Second, it assumes—along with the consensus of scholars on the how the relationship between God’s holiness and the holiness of creatures is characterized in Scripture—that only God’s holiness is primary; all other holiness is derivative from God’s holiness.
A Journey through Boredom
Authors: Cykowski Beth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter continues to examine Heidegger’s discussion of boredom and his demand that we ‘open ourselves up’ to this attunement. The chapter analyses Heidegger’s conviction that, if we manage to endure this demand, we discover something about our own contemporary metaphysics and about ourselves as contemporary Dasein. This journey also begins to unveil something of the three titular fundamental concepts of metaphysics—world, finitude, and solitude—so the chapter brings these concepts into greater focus, showing how the ‘forms’ of boredom that Heidegger traces each correspond to one of these concepts, reinforcing our understanding of their conspicuousness in the contemporary epoch. Heidegger hopes, by the end of Part One of the lecture course, to have justified the idea that profound boredom is our fundamental attunement, that it infiltrates the way in which we encounter beings qua contemporary Dasein.
Changes by Competition
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By tracing historically the evolution of Korean state-led capitalism and comparing it with other economies, this book criticizes prevalent theories including neoliberalism, the developmental state, and institutionalism, while proposing a theoretical alternative focusing on endogenous changes and institutional adaptability through elite competition within the state. Unlike the arguments of the neoliberals, the state can still play an active role in reconstituting the national economy in globalization. The Korean state successfully fosters economic growth by nurturing industrial commons even in globalization, rather than change toward a neoliberal free market system. In order to better account for sustainable economic growth over a long time, this book emphasizes institutional adaptability through elite competition, rather than offering neoliberal celebrations of the free market and the statist emphasis on the stringent Weberian state. The Korean economy, as well as the East Asian developmental state (DS) economies, could have sustainable development over a long period, not because of an apparent and standardized growth formula, or because of some institutional elements of a stringent Weberian state, but because they have adjusted their methods and strategies of development through competition among elites inside and outside the state, as new challenges, never met with an apparent solution, have continuously emerged. In order to better account for the evolution of state-led developmentalism in Korea, as well as in other countries, this book proposes changes by competition among elites within as well as outside the state, which causes changes in developmentalism and more flexible adjustments in new contexts.
Locating Korea Historically
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Before examining in detail what makes for continuity and change in the evolution of Korean capitalism, this chapter provides an overview of changes and continuity in Korean capitalism, focusing first on changes in developmental strategy from input-oriented to innovation-based growth; second, changes in class alliances; and third, changes in policy instruments and governance methods. The Korean economy has rapidly grown since the 1960s. Yet this growth was not due to mobilization of cheap labor or massive capital inputs, but due to changes in developmental strategies, from highly input-oriented to high value-added and innovation-oriented growth. This transformation occurred not by voluntary actions in the free market, but by the state’s initiatives and private firms’ responses. The Korean state still plays an active role in building and upgrading national strategic industries for export-led growth.
Generalization through Comparison
Authors: Kwon Hyeong-ki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis final chapter examines the generalizability of our findings by considering other East Asian developmental state (DS) countries, including Japan, Taiwan, and China. Theoretical implication of this book mainly includes organizational adaptability and institutional changes through elite competition. First, this book claims that the reason why East Asian developmental states, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and China, could sustain economic development over quite a long period is not due to some fixed institutional elements such as centralized, cohesive, and strong states. Contrary to the DS literature, elite competition can be beneficial to economic success through collective deliberation and flexible adaptation if they are properly coordinated into collaboration for shared goals like economic development and national competitiveness. In addition, this book concludes that unlike the institutionalist DS literature, this book emphasizes changes by competition to better account for endogenous changes.
The Emotional Economy of Holidaymaking
Authors: Benger Alaluf Yaara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is often taken for granted that holiday resorts sell intangible commodities such as freedom, enjoyment, pleasure, and relaxation. But how did the desire for a ‘happy holiday’ emerge, how was ‘the right to rest’ legitimized, and how are emotions produced by commercial enterprises? To answer these questions, The Emotional Economy of Holidaymaking explores the rise of popular holidaymaking in late-nineteenth-century Britain. Drawing on a wide range of texts, including medical literature, parliamentary debates, advertisements, travel guides, and personal accounts, the book unravels the role emotions played in British spa and seaside holiday cultures. Introducing the concept of an ‘emotional economy’, Yaara Benger Alaluf traces the overlapping impact that psychological and economic thought had on moral ideals and performative practices of work and leisure. Through a vivid account of changing attitudes toward health, pleasure, social class, and gender in late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain, she explains why the democratization of holidaymaking went hand in hand with its emotionalization. Combining the history of emotions with the sociology of commodification, the book offers an innovative approach to the study of the leisure and entertainment industries and a better understanding of how medicalized conceptions of emotions influenced people’s dispositions, desires, consumption habits, and civil rights. Looking ahead to the central place of tourism in twenty-first-century societies and its relation to stress and burnout, The emotional economy of holidaymaking calls on future research of past and present leisure cultures to take emotions seriously and to rethink notions of rationality, authenticity, and agency.
Holiday legislation as remedy
Authors: Benger Alaluf Yaara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The chapter analyses parliamentary papers, documents from labour unions, moralist writings, and publications in the press in order to enquire into how political and legislative actors in late-nineteenth-century Britain sought to legitimize workers’ holidays. It gives special attention to the ways in which medical knowledge—with its newly gained authority—and the shift in interest from physical to emotional conditions influenced approaches to working hours, leisure time, and holiday legislation. The chapter details the ways in which shifting perceptions of health, class, gender, and emotions influenced legislation; this stands in contrast to previous research, which focused on the effect of economic interests and conditions. Similarly, it discusses how the pathologization of ‘the worker’ by the medical community helped make legislation more egalitarian and how it ultimately facilitated the inclusion of the working classes into the established middle-class holiday culture. The chapter asserts that holiday legislation gave concrete expression to a new understanding of emotions and work that ultimately took the form of particular rights. In this sense, it analyses the overlap between the emotional economy and the moral economy, revealing the relation between contested views on the significance of emotions and the legitimation of certain social practices. Furthermore, the chapter addresses a question that has been overlooked in extant research: ‘Why were watering places considered the ideal destination for workers’ holidays?’ It elucidates the influential role played by the traditional therapeutic view of watering places in converting spa and seaside resorts into major holiday destinations for all social classes.
Learning to consume emotional experiences
Authors: Benger Alaluf Yaara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the construction of the holidaymaker as an emotional subject by exploring vacationers’ expectations and experiences and examining how they actively shaped and were shaped by Victorian and Edwardian holiday culture. Drawing on popular stories and poems, vacationers’ accounts, and advice literature, it analyses the reciprocal relations between emotion knowledge, consumption, and subjectivity, emphasizing the various roles individuals played in the emotional economy of holidaymaking: as agents in the negotiation of the value ascribed to emotional experiences, as spectators and performers in the experience, and as co-producers of emotion knowledge. Homing in on moments of disappointment and boredom, the chapter demonstrates that holidaymakers of different genders and classes were aware of the medical view of holidaymaking, even though they did not always experience what was promised. Furthermore, the chapter explores the performative nature of holidaymaking, exposing the ways in which holidaymakers ‘learned how to feel’ by taking a disciplinary view of themselves and others during the holiday experience and by producing and consuming advice and popular literature that provided knowledge on what the emotional experience of holidays was supposed to be like. In contrast to frequent carnivalesque theorizations of holiday tourism, the resorts did not supply only change or contrast; they also provided a sense of normality, security, and familiarity. Tracing the development of the holidaymaker as a self-reflective consumer, the chapter also analyses the affinity between holidaymaking and authenticity.
On the ‘Common Core of European Administrative Laws’ Methodology (and European Tort Laws)
Authors: Bussani Mauro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present chapter focuses on the methodology underlying the ‘Common Core of European Administrative Laws’ project in general, and its first research output on public authorities’ liability in particular. From this perspective, the chapter first introduces the current state of European tort law and the scholarly initiatives focusing on it, before presenting the basic outlines and distinctive features of the ‘Common Core’ approach and the rationale behind the three-level responses, which is one of the distinctive features of the whole project. The chapter thus sheds light on its potential contribution to European debates on public liability and comparative tort law.
Public Authority Liability in Romania
Authors: Vornicu Roxana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Romanian regime for administrative liability has much in common with other systems of continental Europe. There is no immunity for public authorities. This is excluded by the Constitution, by way of what can be regarded as a general principle of damages liability, for both subjective rights and legitimate interests. Judicial review is guaranteed to all, with few exceptions, and concerns illegality on both procedural and substantive grounds. However, various conditions must be met for a claim for damages to be successful. An administrative appeal must be carried out. Moreover, and more importantly, the contested administrative act or measure must be annulled by the administrative jurisdiction, although in Romania this is a specialized branch of ordinary courts.
Constitutional Principles and Judicial Remedies in Switzerland
Authors: Tanquerel Thierry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Switzerland, the law concerning the liability in tort of public authorities is complex, due to the federal structure of government, and it is still evolving. Until twenty years or so ago, the Federal Constitution had no such thing as a general principle of damages liability, but such liability has been governed by statute since 1958. Now Article 146 of the Federal Constitution of 1999 provides that the ‘Confederation shall be liable for damage or loss unlawfully caused by its organs in the exercise of official activities.’ This provision solidifies the liability of all bodies discharging public functions and powers on behalf of the Confederation, but it is cantonal law that governs the liability of cantons and municipalities. There is thus a potentiality for differentiation, though actually all cantons regulate public liability along the lines of Article 146. There is, however, a mixture of commonality and diversity concerning administrative procedure. There is still another element of differentiation concerning judicial review, because in some cantons (and on the federal level) the claim for damages must be brought to an administrative authority, while in others it must be brought to an administrative or to a civil court.
France, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Auby Jean-Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter compares the respective answers that are provided by the French, Italian, and Spanish systems of administrative liability at two levels. The first one concerns the foundations of present public liability law in the three countries. It considers both constitutional and legislative provisions concerning substance and the rules governing process; that is, administrative appeals and judicial review. The second level is that of the answers given to a range of basic options, including whether liability is imposed on the basis of illegality, with or without wrongdoing, and which type of compensation can be obtained by claimants.
France and the United Kingdom
Authors: Harlow Carol 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter compares the respective answers of the English and French systems of administrative liability within a wider comparative study that focuses on outcomes. The chapter is in three parts. It first looks briefly at the constitutional and cultural framework in which the rules operate. In France, we find a separate system of administrative courts which handle all questions relating to the administration, including liability, and which have built a sophisticated public law system of non-contractual liability. In the UK, where all questions of liability go to the ‘ordinary’ civil courts, the law is uncodified, and there are gaps in the liability principles. The chapter then looks at basic principles. In France, where the dominant principle is faute de service public, the courts also acknowledge a no-fault principle. In the UK, the strongest form of redress is strict liability for assault, battery, and false imprisonment, but the dominant principle is negligence, and a public authority must owe a duty of care to the claimant to be held liable. In the final part, the chapter answers specific liability questions, making the point that it is often hard to get redress for economic loss. Claimants often fail to get redress for wrongful failures to grant licences or exercise a discretion or statutory power.
Austria, Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Zumbini Angela Ferrari , Pfersmann Otto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter intends to shed light on commonalities and distinctive features of public authority liability in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In the first part, background commonalities and background distinctive traits are illustrated, together with the relevant Constitutional provisions. In the second part, a comparative analysis is carried out considering the answers given in the three countries. In particular, the chapter is focused on three kind of administrative action that can cause damages, ie authoritative decisions such as sanctions; the withdrawal of a former benefit; and a physical act. In the third part, the comparative analysis is carried out on cross-cut issues, considering institutional choices. The analysis shows that the outcome may well differ, considering not only the conditions for recognizing damages and their amount, but also for the primacy of alternative remedies, ie annulment.
The Administration and the Judge: Pragmatism in Belgian Case Law (1890–1910)
Authors: Marique Yseult 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Analysing the administrative case law of the Belgian Supreme Court between 1890 and 1910, this chapter shows that the Supreme Court applied the main features of a positivist legal thought (based on the assumption of clarity, coherence, and completeness of the formal law) to administrative action and its legality. It equipped the central and local institutions of the State with functioning powers, allowing an operational state to develop despite social unrest. As the social and technological context changed at the end of the nineteenth century, the statute book became more confused, however. This gave the Supreme Court ample room to interpret the law creatively and pragmatically. The ‘administrative miracle’ in Belgium is that the Supreme Court did not shackle social forces and unbridle the administration so much that the very course it wanted to avert actually happened. This may be down to the creative judicial genius that the Belgian judiciary developed a formal approach whilst deciding pragmatically on the substance of cases.
Standards of Judicial Review of Administrative Action (1890–1910) in the German Empire
Authors: Weidemann Lilly 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the administrative jurisdiction of selected states of the German Empire—Baden, Prussia, Württemberg, Bavaria, and Saxony—between 1890 and 1910. A short description of the development of administrative jurisdiction in the German Empire is followed by an overview of the courts included in the analysis and the applicable legislation. The analysed case law covers cases of exclusion of judicial protection (in particular discretionary decisions), questions of admissibility of actions, and procedural constraints. It is highlighted which procedural requirements were considered as ‘essential’ by the courts (eg the right to be heard) with the consequence that their violation would result in an annulment of the decision of the authority and which formal irregularities were deemed irrelevant.