bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of listeriosis infection cases during pregnancy among 70 131 deliveries
Authors: Kuang Linghan , Lai Yuyang , Gong Yunhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo provide evidence for the diagnosis of listeriosis through a retrospective study of clinical features and results of pregnant women infected with listeriosis.MethodsTwenty‐nine pregnant women infected with listeriosis visiting West China Second University Hospital affiliated to Sichuan University from July 2010 to February 2019 were included in the retrospective analysis. Data like general information, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and pathogen detection were analyzed to conclude clinical characteristics.ResultsThe median age of 29 patients was 28 (18.0–42.0). Nine individuals visited in the second trimester, while 20 in the last trimester. The median course before visiting was 3.4 (0.1–19) days. The main symptoms of the first attendance were fever (21/29), increased white blood cells (26/29), abdominal pain (16/29), and decreased or vanished fetal movements (7/29). Samples where listeria were identified were maternal blood (14 cases), excreta from birth canal (24 cases), placenta (one case), newborn blood (seven cases), newborn sputum (eight cases), newborn excreta from auditory meatus (three cases), cerebrospinal fluid (two cases) and ocular discharge (one case). Inflammation was detected in pathological examination of placenta in all subjects. Among them, three were diagnosed with mild chorioamnionitis; five with moderate chorioamnionitis; nine with moderate‐to‐severe chorioamnionitis and 12 with severe chorioamnionitis. Among 33 fetuses carried by 29 subjects, fetal outcomes include six miscarriages, nine stillbirths, four newborn deaths immediately after birth and four after treatment discontinuation, nine discharges after successful treatment in hospital, and one death after treatment. As for maternal outcomes, 29 pregnant women all recovered after delivery.ConclusionWith the acute onset, high incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and low coverage of initial treatment, clinical physicians need to raise the awareness of listeriosis during pregnancy.
Early detection of a cesarean scar pregnancy with placenta increta by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the first trimester: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mai Zhen‐Sheng , Chen Yun‐Qing , Liao Min , Ma Cong , Han Yu‐Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, which is a long‐term complication of cesarean section. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of CSP is important to decrease maternal mobility and mortality. However, it is difficult to make an early detection for CSP complicated with morbidly adherent placenta. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound with the advantage in blood flow imaging is low‐cost, time‐saving, safe and more accessible in clinical practice. Here, we report a case with early detection of CSP with placenta increta by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound and its successful uterine‐sparing surgical management.
Handling the heat – photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees
Authors: Tarvainen Lasse , Wittemann Maria , Mujawamariya Myriam , Manishimwe Aloysie , Zibera Etienne , Ntirugulirwa Bonaventure , Ract Claire , Manzi Olivier J. L. , Andersson Mats X. , Spetea Cornelia , Nsabimana Donat , Wallin Göran , Uddling Johan 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate.

Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun‐exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient.

Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf. The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling.

More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low‐transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high‐transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
Comparison between same‐day discharge and overnight stay after atrial fibrillation ablation: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Tokavanich Nithi , Navaravong Leenhapong , Jongnarangsin Krit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the modern era, atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation trend has been shifted toward same‐day discharge (SDD), from a traditional overnight stay. Yet, recent studies have not well stated the safety profiles which remained poor‐understood and dispersed. We hence performed systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the adverse outcomes of SDD in comparison with an overnight stay.MethodsDatabases were searched through January 2021. Effect estimates from the individual studies were extracted and combined using random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of der Simonian and Laird. The primary outcomes included total cumulative complications and immediate complications following AF ablation.ResultsTen observational studies were met our inclusion criteria, comprising of total population of 11,660 patients, with SDD 51.3%. For total cumulative complications, there were no differences observed between SDD and overnight stay (5.2% vs. 6.2%: pooled OR 0.77: 95% CI 0.55–1.08, p = .13 with I2 = 27.1%). In addition, comparable immediate complications were also demonstrated (5.2 % vs. 4.3: pooled OR 1.08: 95% CI 0.72–1.62, p = .718, with I2 = 37.3 %).ConclusionOur study suggested that SDD had similar complication rates, both total cumulative and immediate outcomes, compared with overnight stay in selected patients following AF ablation. Nevertheless, randomized control trials are warranted to validate the findings.
Global Korea Scholarship students: Intention to stay in the host country to work or study after graduation
Authors: Istad Felicia , Varpahovskis Eriks , Miezan Ekra , Ayhan Kadir Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, South Korea has increasingly sought to attract international talent. Every year, hundreds of students are invited to study in the country on a competitive scholarship provided by the government. Upon graduation, students are equipped with a tertiary degree, as well as knowledge of the Korean language and culture. This study examines the determinants of intention to stay in South Korea to work or study after graduation, using a 2019 survey of Global Korea Scholarship recipients (n = 524). We draw upon literature in student mobility and examine determinants of two‐step migration, including satisfaction with the scholarship program, university experiences, social integration, and life in the host country. Results from the statistical analysis show that academic satisfaction, social adjustment, and satisfaction with life in South Korea are positively associated with participants' intentions to stay in the country to work or study after graduation. The findings highlight the role of academic institutions and host communities in influencing students' poststudy plans and point to the need for policy measures that approach talent retention with simultaneous attention to integration and satisfaction, both within and beyond campus.Related Articles in this Special IssueAyhan, Kadir Jun, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue—Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical Evaluation of a non‐Western Scholarship Program from a Public Diplomacy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1282–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12440.Lee, Hyelim, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Gendered Experience in Student Mobility Programs—Global Korea Scholarship Recipients' Evaluation of Korea's Country Image.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1343–1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12441.Perez, Loarre Andreu, Myoung‐Gi Chon, Kelly Vibber, and Jeong‐Nam Kim. 2021. “Classifying Foreign Publics: Examining the Relationships Behavioral Experience, Symbolic Environment, and Communication Behaviors among Key Foreign Publics.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1308–1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12439.
Trends and risk factors of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in asymptomatic blood donors
Authors: Valenti Luca , Pelusi Serena , Cherubini Alessandro , Bianco Cristiana , Ronzoni Luisa , Uceda Renteria Sara , Coluccio Elena , Berzuini Alessandra , Lombardi Angela , Terranova Leonardo , Malvestiti Francesco , Lamorte Giuseppe , Erba Elisa , Oggioni Massimo , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Prati Daniele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA large proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals does not develop severe symptoms. Serological tests help in evaluating the spread of infection and disease immunization. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the trends and risk factors of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in blood donors.Study design and methodsWe screened 8798 asymptomatic donors presenting in Milan from July 2020 to February 2021 (10,680 presentations) before the vaccination campaign for anti‐nucleoprotein (NP) antibodies, and for anti‐spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) antibodies and nasopharyngeal swab PCR in those who tested positive.ResultsThe prevalence of anti‐NP+/RBD+ tests increased progressively with time up to ~15% (p < .0001), preceded by a peak of PCR+ tests. Anti‐RBD titers were higher in anti‐NP IgG+/IgM+ than in IgG+/IgM− individuals and in those with a history of infection (p < .0001); of these 197/630 (31.2%) displayed high titers (>80 AU/ml). Anti‐RBD titers declined during follow‐up, depending on baseline titers (p < .0001) and time (p = .025). Risk factors for seroconversion were a later presentation date and non‐O ABO blood group (p < .001). A positive PCR was detected in 0.7% of participants in the absence of SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia.ConclusionsDuring the second wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Northern Italy, we detected an increase in seroprevalence in healthy blood donors from ~4% to ~15%, with a trend paralleling that observed in the general population. Seroconversion was more frequent in carriers of non‐O blood groups. The persistence of anti‐RBD antibodies was short‐lived.
Validating the serpent-ants Calculation Chain Using BEAVRS Fresh Core Hot Zero Power Data
Authors: Valtavirta Ville , Rintala Antti , Lauranto Unna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The serpent Monte Carlo code and the serpent-ants two-step calculation chain are used to model the hot zero power physics tests described in the BEAVRS benchmark. The predicted critical boron concentrations, control rod group worths, and isothermal temperature coefficients are compared between serpent and serpent-ants as well as against the experimental measurements. Furthermore, radial power distributions in the unrodded and rodded core configurations are compared between serpent and serpent-ants. In addition to providing results using a best practices calculation chain, the effects of several simplifications or omissions in the group constant generation process on the results are estimated. Both the direct and two-step neutronics solutions provide results close to the measured values. Comparison between the measured data and the direct serpent Monte Carlo solution yields root-mean-square (RMS) differences of 12.1 mg/kg, 25.1×10−5 and 0.67×10−5 K−1 for boron, control rod worths and temperature coefficients, respectively. The two-step serpent-ants solution reaches a similar level of accuracy with RMS differences of 17.4 mg/kg, 23.6×10−5 and 0.29×10−5 K−1. The match in the radial power distribution between serpent and serpent-ants was very good with the RMS and MAXimum (MAX) for pin power errors being 1.31% and 4.99%, respectively, in the unrodded core and 1.67% (RMS) and 8.39% (MAX) in the rodded core.
Interplay Between Eutectic and Dendritic Growths Dominated by Si Content for Nb-Si-Ti Alloys Via Rapid Solidification
Authors: Guo Yueling , Jia Lina , He Junyang , Zhang Siyuan , Li Zhiming , Zhang Hu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rapid solidification techniques such as electron beam additive manufacturing are considered as promising pathways for manufacturing Nb-Si-based alloys for ultra-high-temperature applications. Here, we investigate the microstructure diversity of a series of Nb-Si-Ti alloys via electron beam surface melting (EBSM) to reveal their rapid solidification behaviors. Results show that the microstructural transition from coupled to divorced Nbss/Nb3Si eutectics can be triggered by increasing Si content. The formation of fully lamellar eutectics, evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT), is achieved in the EBSM-processed Nb18Si20Ti alloy (at%), in contrast to the hypereutectic microstructures in arc-melted counterparts. The dendritic microstructures containing divorced eutectics are generated with a higher content of Si during rapid solidification. The transition from faceted to non-faceted growth of intermetallic Nb3Si occurs with the formation of primary Nb3Si dendrites. The interplay between eutectic and dendritic growths of silicides is discussed to provide insights for future alloy design and manufacture.
Benchmarking Study on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Codes xLPR and PASCAL-SP Considering Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking
Authors: Mano Akihiro , Katsuyama Jinya , Li Yinsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is expected as a more rational methodology for the structural integrity assessments of nuclear power components because it can consider the inherent probabilistic distributions of various influencing factors and quantitatively evaluate the failure probabilities of the components. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed a PFM analysis code, PASCAL-SP, to evaluate the failure probabilities of piping caused by aging degradation mechanisms, such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in the environments of both pressurized water and boiling water reactors. To improve confidence in the analysis results obtained from PASCAL-SP, a benchmarking study was conducted together with the PFM analysis code, xLPR, which was developed jointly by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute. The benchmarking study was composed of deterministic and probabilistic analyses related to primary water stress corrosion cracking in a dissimilar metal weld joint in a pressurized water reactor surge line. The analyses were conducted independently by NRC staff and JAEA using their own codes and under common analysis conditions. In the present paper, the analysis conditions for the deterministic and probabilistic analyses are described in detail, and the analysis results obtained from the xLPR and PASCAL-SP codes are presented. It was confirmed that the analysis results obtained from the two codes were in good agreement.
Material and Temperature Effects in Low and High Cycle EAF of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Seppänen Tommi , Alhainen Jouni , Arilahti Esko , Solin Jussi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fatigue design of nuclear power plant pressure boundary components necessitates the use of design curves, where the allowable number of cycles is a function of the applied stress intensity. Design curves are derived from best-fit curves to small-specimen data, which comprises a range of materials, heats, temperatures and test techniques.
This paper continues the series of papers most recently published in PVP2020-21136. At VTT, heat specific strain-life data has been obtained. In this paper, using our data and literature data we demonstrate the significance these heat and temperature specific best-fit curves can have on the predicted number of cycles, when also considering the detrimental effect of environment through Fen factors. Example calculations show that in most cases, a simple change of the reference curve from the Code best-fit curve to a more realistic one adds considerably to the number of predicted cycles, or alternatively, reduces the cumulative usage at equivalent number of cycles. Mainly for high cycle fatigue at high temperature, best-fit heat-specific curves may lie below the reference, taken as the mean curve in NUREG/CR-6909. However, refinement of calculation criteria and/or the Fen methodology is considered to provide additional relief to these cases so that the cumulative usage factor calculation can still be kept below unity.
A Probabilistic Margin Assessment of the ASME Section III, Division 5 Primary Load Design Rules for Class A Components
Authors: Nicolas Andrea , Messner Mark C. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive probabilistic margin assessment of the ASME BPVC primary load design rules for Class A components in Section III Division 5. This work evaluates the design margin of several of the Class A materials for a simple, but representative, component geometry across the entire Division 5 elevated temperature range. The margin assessment applies a probabilistic life prediction methodology developed in previous work that accounts for the variability in material strength and deformation. A Gaussian process fit captures the the strength variability, and a Monte Carlo approach accounts for the variability of steady-state creep deformation parameters leading to variability in the stresses developed in a component. A very efficient method based on the analogy between very viscous Stokes flow to steady-state creeping solid determines the steady-state stress distribution under primary load for the Monte Carlo approach. This work is therefore capable of efficiently evaluating the design margin of several materials across a wide range of temperatures. The probabilistic margin assessment presented in this work gives an insight into the design margin in the currently deterministic ASME Section III, Division 5 primary load design rules for high temperature nuclear components.
Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of an A508 CL2 and 15Kh2NMFA Irradiated in the NOMAD_3 Rig in the BR2 Cooling Water
Authors: Uytdenhouwen Inge , Chaouadi Rachid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The typical operating temperatures of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel in a PWR are between 290°C and 300°C. However, many BWRs and some PWRs operate at slightly lower temperatures down to 260°C. Most of the literature and neutron irradiation damage is therefore focused on those irradiation temperatures. It is well-known that the lower the irradiation temperature, the more neutron irradiation damage occurs, because no appreciable annealing happens below approximately 230°C.
The NOMAD_3 irradiation consisted in total of 24 Charpy sized samples from an A508 Cl.2 forging and a 15Kh2NMFA material. They were irradiated to three various fluences between 1.55 and 7.90 × 1019 n/cm2 (E &gt; 1MeV) at approximately 100°C. The hardening of the A508 Cl.2 was between 260 and 400 MPa which was much higher than the NOMAD_0 properties which were irradiated at approximately 280°C. The tensile tests of irradiated materials are all characterized by a significant loss of work hardening capacity leading to plastic flow localization promptly after the yield strength is reached. This affects also the shape of the Charpy impact transition curves. The radiation embrittlement derived from Charpy impact tests, ΔT41J, is up to 156°C for the highest fluence. For this irradiation, the embrittlement to hardening ratio was also around 0.43 +/−0.2°C/MPa as it was found in the previous campaign NOMAD_0.
This paper discusses the tensile, hardness and impact properties of the NOMAD_3 irradiation campaign. It is compared to the NOMAD_0 with respect to effect of irradiation temperature and annealing recovery.
Numerical Simulation on Fire Test of 45 MPa Hydrogen Storage Vessels for Hydrogen Stations
Authors: Yang Kun , Deng Guide , Liang Haifeng , Liang Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there have been a number of fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen storage vessels in hydrogen stations all over the world. China is vigorously developing the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry. At present, more than 80 hydrogen refueling stations have been built, and 1000 hydrogen refueling stations are planned to be built in 2025. In order to study the response law and pressure relief requirements of hydrogen storage vessels in hydrogen refueling stations under fire condition, fire tests of hydrogen storage vessels filled with high pressure hydrogen is planning to carry out. In this paper, numerical simulation of fire tests of hydrogen storage vessels was carried out. The hydrogen storage vessel is a horizontal single-layer seamless structure with working pressure of 45 MPa, wall thickness of 35.4 mm, volume of 205 L and material of 4130X. Propane is used as fuel for fire test. Based on CFD software, the thermal structural response calculation model of the hydrogen storage vessel under fire condition was established. The response law of hydrogen temperature rise and pressure rise in the hydrogen storage vessel was analyzed, and the influence of filling medium, filling pressure and ambient temperature on the hydrogen storage vessel was studied. The research results provide technical guidance for the subsequent fire test of the hydrogen storage vessels.