bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of tibial and femoral component coronal alignment on clinical outcomes and survivorship in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Khow Yong Zhi , Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Lee Merrill , Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Lo Ngai Nung , Yeo Seng Jin 
Published: February 2021

AimsThis study aimed to identify the tibial component and femoral component coronal angles (TCCAs and FCCAs), which concomitantly are associated with the best outcomes and survivorship in a cohort of fixed-bearing, cemented, medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs). We also investigated the potential two-way interactions between the TCCA and FCCA.MethodsProspectively collected registry data involving 264 UKAs from a single institution were analyzed. The TCCAs and FCCAs were measured on postoperative radiographs and absolute angles were analyzed. Clinical assessment at six months, two years, and ten years was undertaken using the Knee Society Knee score (KSKS) and Knee Society Function score (KSFS), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), and range of motion (ROM). Fulfilment of expectations and satisfaction was also recorded. Implant survivorship was reviewed at a mean follow-up of 14 years (12 to 16). Multivariate regression models included covariates, TCCA, FCCA, and two-way interactions between them. Partial residual graphs were generated to identify angles associated with the best outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare implant survivorship between groups.ResultsSignificant two-way interaction effects between TCCA and FCCA were identified. Adjusted for each other and their interaction, a TCCA of between 2° and 4° and a FCCA of between 0° and 2° were found to be associated with the greatest improvements in knee scores and the probability of fulfilling expectations and satisfaction at ten years. Patients in the optimal group whose TCCA and FCCA were between 2° and 4°, and 0° and 2°, respectively, had a significant survival benefit at 15 years compared with the non-optimal group (optimal: survival = 100% vs non-optimal: survival = 92%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88% to 96%).ConclusionSignificant two-way interactions between the TCCA and FCCA demonstrate the importance of evaluating the alignment of the components concomitantly in future studies. By doing so, we found that patients who concomitantly had both a TCCA of between 2° and 4° and a FCCA of between 0° and 2° had the best patient-reported outcome measures at ten years and better survivorship at 15 years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):338–346.
The influence of duration of infection on outcome of debridement and implant retention in fracture-related infection
Authors: Morgenstern Mario , Kuehl Richard , Zalavras Charalampos G. , McNally Martin , Zimmerli Werner , Burch Marc Antoine , Vandendriessche Thomas , Obremskey William T. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Metsemakers Willem Jan 
Published: February 2021

Aims The principle strategies of fracture-related infection (FRI) treatment are debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and implant retention (DAIR) or debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and implant removal/exchange. Increasing the period between fracture fixation and FRI revision surgery is believed to be associated with higher failure rates after DAIR. However, a clear time-related cut-off has never been scientifically defined. This systematic review analyzed the influence of the interval between fracture fixation and FRI revision surgery on success rates after DAIR. Methods A systematic literature search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection, investigating the outcome after DAIR procedures of long bone FRIs in clinical studies published until January 2020. Results Six studies, comprising 276 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Data from this review showed that with a short duration of infection (up to three weeks) and under strict preconditions, retention of the implant is associated with high success rates of 86% to 100%. In delayed infections with a fracture fixation-FRI revision surgery interval of three to ten weeks, absence of recurrent infection was reported in 82% to 89%. Data on late FRIs, with a fracture fixation-FRI revision surgery interval of more than ten weeks, are scarce and a success rate of 67% was reported. Conclusion Acute/early FRI, with a short duration of infection, can successfully be treated with DAIR up to ten weeks after osteosynthesis. The limited available data suggest that chronic/late onset FRI treated with DAIR may be associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Successful outcome is dependent on managing all aspects of the infection. Thus, time from fracture fixation is not the only factor that should be considered in treatment planning of FRI. Due to the heterogeneity of the available data, these conclusions have to be interpreted with caution. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(2):213–221.
Subtrochanteric femur fractures: current review of management
Authors: Garrison Ian , Domingue Grayson , Honeycutt M. Wesley 
Published: February 2021

Subtrochanteric (ST) femur fractures are proximal femur fractures, which are often difficult to manage effectively because of their deforming anatomical forces. Operative management of ST fractures is the mainstay of treatment, with the two primary surgical implant options being intramedullary (IM) nails and extramedullary plates. Of these, IM nails have a biologic and biomechanical superiority, and have become the gold standard for ST femur fractures. The orthopaedic surgeon should become familiar and facile with several reduction techniques to create anatomical alignment in all unique ST fracture patterns. This article presents a comprehensive and current review of the epidemiology, anatomy, biomechanics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of subtrochanteric femur fractures.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:145-151. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200048
Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors: Evidence from six south Asian countries
Authors: Sarder Alamgir , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Maniruzzaman  , Talukder Ashis , Ahammed Benojir 
Published: February 2021

Aim
Unintended pregnancy is a significant public health concern in South Asian countries because of its negative association with the socioeconomic and health outcomes for both children and mothers. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and explore its determinants among women of reproductive age in six South Asian countries.

Methods
Nationwide latest demography and health survey data from six South Asian countries, including Bangladesh (2014), Pakistan (2017–2018), Nepal (2016), Afghanistan (2015), Maldives (2016–2017) and India (2015–2016) were pooled for the present study. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the association between unintended pregnancy and its associated factors.

Results
Amongst the total women (n = 41,689), overall, 19.1% pregnancies were reported as unintended (ranging from 11.9% in India to 28.4% in Bangladesh). The logistic regression model showed that younger women (15–19 years) had 1.42 times higher chance of unintended pregnancies. The odds of unintended pregnancies was 1.24 times higher for poorest women and 1.19 times higher for poorer women. Further, urban women (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.80), women having no children (aOR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.09–0.12), smaller (≤4) family (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.67–0.78), those who intent to use contraceptive (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.86), currently living with partner (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99), first cohabitation in teenage (≤19 years) (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.92) were less likely to report unintended pregnancies.

Conclusions
This study has showed that women’s age, wealth index, place of residence, number of children, family size, the intention of contraceptive use, living with a partner, and first cohabitation age are essential determinants of unintended pregnancy. These factors should be considered when trying to reduce unintended pregnancy in six South Asian countries. However, there is a need to improve health education, counselling, skills-building, sex education, modern contraceptive use and its access in this region. Intervention programs regarding reproductive health and policies are warranted to reduce rates of unintended pregnancy in South Asian countries.
Essence and Concept of Capitalization of Enterprises its Types and Methods of Evaluation
Authors: Pronko Lyudmila , Kolesnik Tatyana , Samborska Oksana 
Published: February 2021

The historical aspect of the development of scientists' views on the company's capitalization is studied in the work, the stages of development of the concept of cost-oriented management are determined. The role and place of market capitalization in the system of indicators of cost-oriented management are determined, modern methodical approaches to the assessment of the value of the enterprise taking into account the indicator of market capitalization are given. The fundamental differences between the areas of application of indicators of market value of the enterprise and market capitalization are established. The current problems of the Ukrainian economy that limit the widespread use of market capitalization in the valuation of companies are outlined, and proposals are made on the feasibility of valuing Ukrainian companies in terms of real capitalization. The importance of enterprise capitalization in the development of a market economy is emphasized. The evolution of the views of foreign scientists on the capitalization of enterprises has been studied. It is established that the economic essence of the capitalization of enterprises, as well as any asset, is the present value of future income generated by this asset. Bringing future income to the present is a process of discounting. The theory of capitalization of the company in its modern context began to be formed by neoclassical economists from the end of the XIX century. and gained popularity in the second part XX century. The theory of capitalization has given impetus to well-known neoclassical theories of corporate finance, such as the irrelevance theorem, risk theory, investment portfolio optimization theory, arbitrage pricing theory, and so on. It is established that according to the theory of capitalization, the capitalization of the enterprise and the market value of the enterprise are identical concepts, although the methods of their calculation differ. The theory of capitalization has given impetus to the development of many modern financial theories, which are currently under development and improvement.
Impact of Information Technology on the HR Practices in the Public Sector: Evidence from the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: HOTI Hamdi , HOTI Arbër H. , KURHASKU Edisona 
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, people are the most difficult beings to manage due to their complexity and complex nature. Human Resources in the public sector are structures that we must provide impartial treatment, ethical standards, and promote a value-based system. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays an important role in the development of a country, and in particular, in the implementation of strategic activities for the civil service in Public Administration. Recently, Information Technology (IT) has impacted all actions of society, as well as organizational processes including HRM processes and practices.
Currently, Information Technology is making great changes, starting from the fact that it is impacting the public sector workers to attend training, in order for them to acquire different skills such as using IT developments, gaining new knowledge, skills, and using programs in different fields where more productive and profitable results are obtained. In this research paper, we have used two statistical extraction techniques which are OneWay ANOVA and Chi Square, which show that there is no difference between groups in the acquisition of the institution's policies, and also expresses the significance of the relationship between the main issues of active employees in developing knowledge in the use of IT in the public sector.
Notes from the Editors, February 2021
Authors: Editors - 
Published: February 2021

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This month's Review of the Month on "Colonialism Before the First World War" is from chapter 9 of political economists Utsa Patnaik and Prabhat Patnaik's pathbreaking new Monthly Review Press book, Capital and Imperialism: Theory, History, and the Present. In it, the Patnaiks develop an original theory of imperialism, arguing that expanded reproduction of the capitalist economies in what we today call the Global North, especially Great Britain, would not have taken place without the exploitation of the countries of the Global South.
Pemanfaatan Kitosan untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Pb dalam Perairan yang Tercemar Minyak Bumi
Authors: Rosema Rima , Supriyantini Endang , Sedjati Sri 
Published: February 2021

Kitosan telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan manusia, salah satunya dijadikan sebagai adsorben logam berat. Logam berat timbal (Pb) merupakan polutan yang mencemari perairan dan bersifat toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kapasitas dan daya adsorpsi larutan kitosan komersial dan non komersial (produk sendiri) dalam konsentrasi berbeda terhadap logam Pb. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan percobaan Faktorial 2 Aras dengan menggunakan 1 kontrol (0 %) dan 4 perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi 0,5% (A), 1% (B), 1,5% (C) dan 2% (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara sumber kitosan dengan konsentrasi kitosan untuk menurunkan kandungan Pb. Dosis terbaik yang mampu menurunkan logam Pb untuk kitosan komersial yaitu pada konsentrasi 1% dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,228 mg/g dan kemampuan penyerapan sebesar 87,870 %. Sedangkan kitosan non komersial mampu menurunkan logam Pb pada konsentrasi 1,5% dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,143 mg/g dan kemampuan penyerapan sebesar 82,660 %. Chitosan has been widely used in various fields of human life, one of which is used as a heavy metal adsorbent. Lead heavy metals (Pb) is a pollutants that pollutes the waters and is toxic. This study aims to examine the capacity and adsorption capacity of commercial and non-commercial chitosan solutions (own products) in different concentrations of Pb metal. The research method used is an experimental laboratories with chitosan from the isolation itself and commercial chitosan. The research method used is an experimental laboratory with 2 Aras factorial experimental design using 1 control (0%) and 4 treatments namely a concentrations of 0.5% (A), 1% (B), 1.5% (C) and 2% (D). The results showed that there was an interaction between chitosan sources and chitosan concentration to reduce Pb content. The best dose that can reduce Pb metal for commercial chitosan is at a concentration of 1% with an adsorption capacity of 0.228 mg/g, and an adsorption ability of 87.870 %. while non-commercial chitosan can reduce Pb metal at a concentration of 1.5 % with an adsorption capacity of 0.143 mg/g and an adsorption ability of 82.660 %.
Keterkaitan antara Kelimpahan Zooplankton dan Parameter Lingkungan di Perairan Pantai Morosari, Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Mariyati Titik , Endrawati Hadi , Supriyantini Endang 
Published: February 2021

Zooplankton berperan sebagai konsumen tingkat pertama, yaitu memindahkan energi dari produsen ke konsumen tingkat dua. Zooplankton dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kajian untuk mengetahui kualitas dan kesuburan suatu perairan yang sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut. Perairan Morosari mengalami degradasi akibat rob dan berkurangnya tanaman mangrove Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan parameter kualitas air dengan kelimpahan zooplankton di Perairan Pantai Morosari, Demak. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan penentuan lokasi dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominasi dan analisis hubungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai korelasi parameter kualitas air yaitu 0,799 (DO), 0,928 (suhu), 0,758 (salinitas), -0,019 (pH), -0,318 (arus). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan parameter kualitas air terutama DO, suhu, dan salinitas mempunyai kaitan yang erat terhadap kelimpahan zooplankton di perairan Pantai Morosari. Zooplankton acts as the first level consumer, i.e. transferring energy from producers to second level consumers, zooplankton can be used as study material to find out the quality and fertility of water that is needed to support the use of coastal and marine resources. This study aims to determine the abundance of zooplankton, the types of zooplankton and the relation of water quality parameters with the abundance of zooplankton in Morosari Coastal Water, Demak. Research using methods of surveying and determining the location was chosen using the purposive sampling method, data analysis includes abundance, diversity index, uniformity, dominance, and relationship analysis. The results showed that correlation value between water parameters and abundance of zooplankton is 0,799 (DO), 0,928 (temperature), 0,758 (salinity), -0,019 (pH), -0,138 (current). Based on the results of the water quality parameters, especially DO, temperature, and salinity have a close relationship to the abundance of zooplankton in the waters of Morosari Beach.
Karakteristik Arus di Perairan Pulau Weh Pada Musim Peralihan 1 dan Kaitannya dengan Fluktuasi Suhu Permukaan Laut
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Situmeang Elma T. 
Published: February 2021

Posisi Pulau Weh yang strategis membuat kawasan ini unik dalam hal karakteristik oseanografi fisik. Transfer massa air di Pulau Weh sangat signifikan yang akan berdampak pada sebaran suhu perairan di sekitar kawasan pesisir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan perpindahan massa air secara vertikal dan hubungannya terhadap perubahan suhu perairan. Tiga area penting diobservasi yang mewakili utara, timur, dan selatan pulau weh yakni kawasan Iboih, Ie Meulee, dan Keunekai. Tiga ADCP diinstal pada ketiga titik observasi tersebut. Secara vertikal, komponen kecepatan arus zonal dan meridional menunjukkan kecepatan yang lebih acak saat menuju ke permukaan dengan kecepatan kurang dari 0,5 m/detik. Identifikasi pasang surut elips pada seluruh stasiun membuktikan bahwa di perairan Pulau Weh, arus pasang surut dangat dominan yang mana faktor lain juga memiliki pengaruh dalam memicu perpindahan massa air di permukaan. Arah arus dominan berputar sesuai dengan kaidah Spiral Ekman dan pengaruh gaya Coriolis. Fluktuasi suhu mengikuti perubahan elevasi pemukaan dan kecepatan arus yang berkisar antara 25-35 oC. Pada penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa pada bagian utara (Iboih) dan selatan (Keunekai) Pulau Weh, fluktuasi suhu berlangsung secara berlawanan menyerupai “jungkat-jungkit” yang mengindikasikan peran besar dari transfer massa air dari Laut Andaman dan Samudera Hindia yang membawa massa air hangat selama musim perlaihan I. The strategic position of Weh Island makes this region is unique in terms of physical oceanography characteristics. Water mass transport in Weh Island is tremendously significant, whereby it will affect the distribution of temperature in the surrounding coastal area. This study aimed to determine the changes in vertical water mass movement and its relation to water temperature alteration. We observed three vital areas representing north, east, and south parts of Weh Island waters, namely Iboih, Ie Meulee, and Keunekai, respectively. Three ADCPs were installed at those three observation points. Vertically, the zonal and meridional current components showed a more randomly speed surface-ward with less than 0.5 m/s magnitude. Tidal ellipses identification at all stations proved that in the Weh Island, tidal current is predominant. Other factors also trigger water mass movement on the surface. Sea current dominant direction rotated as the Ekman Spiral and Coriolis force influence. Temperature fluctuation followed the surface elevation and current speed changes ranging from 25-35 oC. In this study, it shows that between northern (Iboih) and southern (Keunekai) part of Weh Island, the temperature fluctuation oppositely takes place like a “see saw” indicating the significant role of water mass transfer from the Andaman Sea and the Indian Ocean which brings warm water during the first transitional season.
Advertising avoidance: a literature review
Authors: Ho Vi Truc 
Published: February 2021

The avoidance of advertising is highly relevant to the audience, the general attitude towards the advertising and in some cases, it will cause aversion, the boycott of a brand regardless of the one billion designed advertising like how. This study aims to systematically examine and review existing research conducted in the area of advertising avoidance. By elaborating and summarizing various studies, the author provides an overview of the main trends mentioned in the literature regarding avoiding advertising. In this review, the author summarizes the four elementary schools that researchers are aiming to evade advertising, including the intrinsic value of advertising, customer perceptions, and testing for differences in personalizing and the theory of time in advertising. The avoidance of advertising has experimented under different media from newspapers, television, the internet ... however, depending on the different forms, the evading behavior of customers is different. Furthermore, the constraints consider future studies to examine further discussion and the proposed directions.
Severe hypocalcaemia in a COVID-19 female patient
Authors: Puca Edmond , Puca Entela , Pipero Pellumb , Kraja Holta , Como Najada 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Comorbidities are a risk factor for patients with COVID-19 and the mechanisms of disease remain unclear. The aim of this paper is to present a case report of an COVID-19 patient with severe hypocalcaemia. This is a report of an 81-year-old female, suffered from myalgia and fatigue for more than 3–4 weeks. Fever and cough appear 2 days before she presented to the emergency room. On physical examination, she was febrile with a temperature of 38.8°C, accompanied by cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, and muscle ache. Her past medical history was remarkable with no chronic disease. She had lymphopenia. Laboratory test revealed moderate liver dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and severe hypocalcaemia (serum corrected calcium level: 5.7  mg/dL). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was 107.9 pg/mL (range: 15–65) and 25(OH)2D levels was 4.5 ng/mL (range: 25–80). Chest CT scan detected peripheral ground-glass opacity. Throat swab for coronavirus by RT-PCR assay tested positive for the virus. She was treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, third generation cephalosporin, anticoagulant, daily high-dose calcium acetate, vitamin D3, fresh frozen plasma and oxygen therapy. She was discharged after two negative throat swab tests for coronavirus by conventional RT-PCR.

Learning points:

Comorbidities are a risk factor for patients with COVID-19.

Laboratory findings are unspecific in COVID-19 patients; laboratory abnormalities include lymphopenia, elevated of LDH, CPK and the inflammatory markers, such as C reactive protein, ferritinemia and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

In addition to inflammatory markers, in COVID-19 patients it is crucial to check the level of vitamin D and calcium.

There may be a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of COVID-19 disease.