bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural and anthropogenic climate variability shape assemblages of range‐extending coral‐reef fishes
Authors: Monaco Cristián J. , Booth David J. , Figueira Will F. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Schoeman David S. , Bradshaw Corey J.A. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimClimate change is redistributing species globally, resulting in altered community structures and ecosystem functioning. The current paradigm is that species should track temperature isoclines along latitudinal and depth gradients to remain within their thermal niches. However, the many exceptions to this rule point to complex ecological and environmental processes often overlooked in statistical models predicting species redistributions. We tested the contributions of natural versus anthropogenic climate change to the long‐term spatio‐temporal dynamics of assemblages of range‐shifting tropical fishes at the leading edge of redistribution fronts.LocationEast coast of Australia.TaxonTropical coral‐reef fishes.MethodsWe analysed 16 years (2003–2018) of tropical species occurrences at two temperate locations using traditional diversity metrics (richness, accumulation curves and β‐diversity). We also quantified the role of primary environmental covariates and estimated species associations using joint species distribution models.ResultsWe reveal that tropical species richness has increased in this temperate ecosystem over time. Furthermore, we show that the richness of tropical vagrant species increased with the sea‐surface temperature experienced by both local vagrants and their putative source populations at the southern Great Barrier Reef, which accounted for 23.1% and 22.1% of the explained variance, respectively. We also detected a signal from El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, as species turnover and richness peaked during the strong La Niña event of 2010–2011.Main conclusionsWhile the increases in ocean temperature and strength of the surface ocean current due to anthropogenic climate change are gradually favouring the poleward redistribution of tropical species, natural climatic oscillations can have a strong additive effect by rapidly modifying the pool of incoming species and potentially disrupting local communities.
Spatial proximity between polyploids across South American frog genera
Authors: David Kyle T. , Halanych Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPolyploids have been theorized to occur more frequently in environments that are subjected to severe conditions or sudden disruptions. Here we test the expectation that polyploid taxa occur more frequently in extreme or disrupted environments than their diploid counterparts, whether due to increased adaptive potential, environmental resilience or cross‐ploidy competition.LocationSouth America.TaxonAll frog genera in the area with both polyploid and diploid member species (Ceratophrys, Chiasmocleis, Odontophrynus, Phyllomedusa and Pleurodema).MethodsIn all, 13,556 occurrence records of 82 frog species were collected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Species distribution models, range overlap estimates, statistical tests and principal component analyses were used to estimate and compare environments between diploid and polyploid species within and across genera using several categorical and quantitative variables taken from multiple publicly available sources.ResultsAlmost all polyploid occurrences are found within southeastern South America, largely to the exclusion of diploids. Polyploid species occur more closely with intergeneric polyploids than they do with congeneric diploids. Southeastern South America is more temperate, seasonal and less forested when compared to the tropical environments more commonly inhabited by diploids. The habitat ranges of polyploid species are subject to greater temperature fluctuations than diploid species. This region has also experienced major transformations in the modern era, owing to an agriculture boom over the last century. Polyploid occurrences are more likely to be found in areas with greater cropland usage, fertilizer application and pesticide application than diploids.Main ConclusionsAcross species, temperature seasonality was the only variable with strong statistical differences between diploids and polyploids. Greater annual fluctuations in temperature may lead to more established polyploid species due to reasons mentioned above; however, extreme temperature differences are also known to contribute to polyploid gamete formation, providing a possible non‐selective explanation. Polyploid occurrences are also more likely to be found in areas of high agricultural impact, providing support for the hypothesis that polyploids are more resilient to environmental disruptions than diploids.
BMP9‐initiated osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of mouse tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCS) requires Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activity
Authors: Luo Wenping , Zhang Linghuan , Huang Bo , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Fugui , Liang Panpan , Chen Qiuman , Cheng Qianyu , Tan Dongmei , Tan Yi , Song Jinlin , Zhao Tianyu , Haydon Rex C. , Reid Russell R. , Luu Hue H , Lee Michael J. , El Dafrawy Mostafa , Ji Ping , He Tong‐Chuan , Gou Liming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTeeth arise from the tooth germ through sequential and reciprocal interactions between immature epithelium and mesenchyme during development. However, the detailed mechanism underlying tooth development from tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs) remains to be fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in BMP9‐induced osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of TGMCs. We first established the reversibly immortalized TGMCs (iTGMCs) derived from young mouse mandibular molar tooth germs using a retroviral vector expressing SV40 T antigen flanked with the FRT sites. We demonstrated that BMP9 effectively induced expression of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase, collagen A1 and osteocalcin in iTGMCs, as well as in vitro matrix mineralization, which could be remarkably blunted by knocking down β‐catenin expression. In vivo implantation assay revealed that while BMP9‐stimulated iTGMCs induced robust formation of ectopic bone, knocking down β‐catenin expression in iTGMCs remarkably diminished BMP9‐initiated osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation potential of these cells. Taken together, these discoveries strongly demonstrate that reversibly immortalized iTGMCs retained osteogenic/odontogenic ability upon BMP9 stimulation, but this process required the participation of canonical Wnt signalling both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, BMP9 has a potential to be applied as an efficacious bio‐factor in osteo/odontogenic regeneration and tooth engineering. Furthermore, the iTGMCs may serve as an important resource for translational studies in tooth tissue engineering.
Lansoprazole promotes cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury via enhancing tubular necroptosis
Authors: Ye Lin , Pang Wanxia , Huang Yanheng , Wu Hongluan , Huang Xiaorong , Liu Jianxing , Wang Shujun , Yang Chen , Pan Qingjun , Liu Huafeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is the main obstacle that limits the use of cisplatin in cancer treatment. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the most commonly used class of medications for gastrointestinal complications in cancer patients, have been reported to cause adverse renal events. However, the effect of PPIs on cisplatin‐induced AKI remains unclear. Herein, the effect and mechanism of lansoprazole (LPZ), one of the most frequently prescribed PPIs, on cisplatin‐induced AKI were investigated in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (18 mg/kg) to induce AKI, and LPZ (12.5 or 25 mg/kg) was administered 2 hours prior to cisplatin administration and then once daily for another 2 days via i.p. injection. The results showed that LPZ significantly aggravated the tubular damage and further increased the elevated levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen induced by cisplatin. However, LPZ did not enhance cisplatin‐induced tubular apoptosis, as evidenced by a lack of significant change in mRNA and protein expression of Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and TUNEL staining. Notably, LPZ increased the number of necrotic renal tubular cells compared to that by cisplatin treatment alone, which was further confirmed by the elevated necroptosis‐associated protein expression of RIPK1, p‐RIPK3 and p‐MLKL. Furthermore, LPZ deteriorated cisplatin‐induced inflammation, as revealed by the increased mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory factors including, NLRP3, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and caspase 1, as well as neutrophil infiltration. Consistently, in in vitro study, LPZ increased HK‐2 cell death and enhanced inflammation, compared with cisplatin treatment alone. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LPZ aggravates cisplatin‐induced AKI, and necroptosis may be involved in the exacerbation of kidney damage.
The functions of autophagy at the tumour‐immune interface
Authors: Luo Xiaobo , Qiu Yan , Dinesh Palani , Gong Wang , Jiang Lu , Feng Xiaodong , Li Jing , Jiang Yuchen , Lei Yu L. , Chen Qianming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAutophagy is frequently induced in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Accumulating evidence reveals important functions of autophagy at the tumour‐immune interface. Herein, we propose an update on the roles of autophagy in modulating tumour immunity. Autophagy promotes adaptive resistance of established tumours to the cytotoxic effects of natural killer cells (NKs), macrophages and effector T cells. Increased autophagic flux in tumours dampen their immunogenicity and inhibits the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by suppressing the activation of STING type I interferon signalling (IFN‐I) innate immune sensing pathway. Autophagy in suppressive tumour‐infiltrating immune subsets maintains their survival through metabolic remodelling. On the other hand, autophagy is involved in the antigen processing and presentation process, which is essential for anti‐tumour immune responses. Genetic deletion of autophagy induces spontaneous tumours in some models. Thus, the role of autophagy is context‐dependent. In summary, our review has revealed the dichotomous roles of autophagy in modulating tumour immunity. Broad targeting of autophagy may not yield maximal benefits. The characterization of specific genes regulating tumour immunogenicity and innovation in targeted delivery of autophagy inhibitors into certain tumours are among the most urgent tasks to sensitize cold cancers to immunotherapy.
Low expression of GSTP1 in the aqueous humour of patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Liu Aihua , Wang Liming , Feng Qiang , Zhang Dandan , Chen Kexi , Yiming Guli Humaer , Wang Qiong , Hong Yaru , Whelchel Amy , Zhang Xiaomin , Li Xiaorong , Dong Lijie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrimary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration accompanied by visual field defects and high intraocular pressure. Currently, an effective treatment is not available to prevent the progression of POAG, other than treatments to decrease the high intraocular pressure. We performed proteomic analysis of aqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with POAG combined with cataract and patients with cataract to obtain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of POAG and explore potential treatment targets for this condition. Samples were collected from 10 patients with POAG combined with cataract and 10 patients with cataract. Samples from each group were pooled. A high‐resolution, label‐free, liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomic analysis was performed. In total, 610 proteins were identified in human AH samples from the two groups. A total of 48 up‐regulated proteins and 49 down‐regulated proteins were identified in the POAG combined with cataract group compared with the control group. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed key roles for these proteins in inflammation, immune responses, growth and development, cellular movement and vesicle‐mediated transport in the biological process category. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated the down‐regulated expression of glutathione S‐transferase P (GSTP1) in the glutathione metabolism signalling pathway in the POAG combined with cataract group. Additionally, certain significantly differentially expressed proteins in the proteomic profile were verified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GSTP1 levels were reduced in the human AH samples from the POAG combined with cataract group, based on the results of ELISA and proteomic profiling. Therefore, GSTP1, a redox‐related marker, may be involved in the pathological process of POAG and may become a treatment target in the future.
Ferroptosis‐related gene signature as a prognostic marker for lower‐grade gliomas
Authors: Zheng Yi , Ji Qiang , Xie Lei , Wang Can , Yu Chun‐Na , Wang Ya‐Li , Jiang Jing , Chen Feng , Li Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, which has unique biological effects on metabolism and redox biology. In this study, the prognostic value of ferroptosis‐related genes was investigated in lower‐grade gliomas (LGG). We downloaded the ferroptosis‐related genes from the FerrDb dataset. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were applied to identify genes correlated with overall survival (OS). Subsequently, 12 ferroptosis‐related genes were screened to establish the prognostic signature using stepwise multivariate Cox regression. According to the median value of risk scores, patients were divided into low‐ and high‐risk subgroups. The Kaplan‐Meier curves showed the high‐risk group had a lower OS. The predictive power of the risk model was validated using the CGGA. Functional analysis revealed that the terms associated with plasma membrane receptor complex, immune response and glutamate metabolic process were primarily related to the risk model. Moreover, we established a nomogram that had a strong forecasting ability for the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS. In addition, we compared the risk scores between different clinical features. We also detected infiltration of macrophages and monocytes in different subgroups. Overall, our study identified the prognostic signature of 12 ferroptosis‐related genes, which has the potential to predict the prognosis of LGG.
Team‐Based Approach to Managing Postpartum Screening of Women with Gestational Diabetes for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bounds Faye L. , Rojjanasrirat Wilaiporn , Martin Mary A. 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionApproximately 6% of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is a strong risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is recommended that women with GDM complete a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 4 to 12 weeks postpartum to screen for type 2 diabetes. A 3‐month retrospective chart review in 2 patient‐centered medical homes found that postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes was performed in only 39% of eligible women, despite recommendations from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Diabetes Association. Thus, a quality improvement project was initiated to improve the postpartum type 2 diabetes screening rate.ProcessThis quality improvement project involved an education session that described current ACOG recommendations for diabetes screening. The education session included a pretest and posttest that evaluated participants’ understanding about development of type 2 diabetes after GDM. A team‐based postpartum guideline designed to enable women to complete a 75‐g OGTT at the 4‐to‐12‐week postpartum appointment was implemented. A postintervention chart review was conducted to determine the postintervention rate of type 2 diabetes screening.OutcomeThe mean pretest score for the clinical team was 57%, and the mean posttest score was 99%. Postpartum screening for women with GDM was improved from 39% of women for whom screening was indicated to 77% with the implementation of the team‐based guideline.DiscussionThe quality improvement project results demonstrated that improved understanding of ACOG recommendations combined with the implementation of a team‐based guideline significantly improved postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes. Team‐based management of care, including education of team members about the rationale for change, may also improve outcomes in other quality improvement projects.
Central regulation of glucose metabolism in an insulin‐dependent and ‐independent manner
Authors: Fujikawa Teppei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) contributes significantly to glucose homeostasis. The available evidence indicates that insulin directly acts on the CNS, in particular the hypothalamus, to regulate hepatic glucose production, thereby controlling whole‐body glucose metabolism. Additionally, insulin also acts on the brain to regulate food intake and fat metabolism, which may indirectly regulate glucose metabolism. Studies conducted over the last decade have found that the CNS can regulate glucose metabolism in an insulin‐independent manner. Enhancement of central leptin signalling reverses hyperglycaemia in insulin‐deficient rodents. Here, I review the mechanisms by which central insulin and leptin actions regulate glucose metabolism. Although clinical studies have shown that insulin treatment is currently indispensable for managing diabetes, unravelling the neuronal mechanisms underlying the central regulation of glucose metabolism will pave the way for the design of novel therapeutic drugs for diabetes.
The trigeminal system: The meningovascular complex— A review
Authors: Terrier Louis‐Marie , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Velut Stéphane , Magnain Caroline , Amelot Aymeric , Bernard Florian , Zöllei Lilla , Destrieux Christophe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSupratentorial sensory perception, including pain, is subserved by the trigeminal nerve, in particular, by the branches of its ophthalmic division, which provide an extensive innervation of the dura mater and of the major brain blood vessels. In addition, contrary to previous assumptions, studies on awake patients during surgery have demonstrated that the mechanical stimulation of the pia mater and small cerebral vessels can also produce pain. The trigeminovascular system, located at the interface between the nervous and vascular systems, is therefore perfectly positioned to detect sensory inputs and influence blood flow regulation. Despite the fact that it remains only partially understood, the trigeminovascular system is most probably involved in several pathologies, including very frequent ones such as migraine, or other severe conditions, such as subarachnoid haemorrhage. The incomplete knowledge about the exact roles of the trigeminal system in headache, blood flow regulation, blood barrier permeability and trigemino‐cardiac reflex warrants for an increased investigation of the anatomy and physiology of the trigeminal system. This translational review aims at presenting comprehensive information about the dural and brain afferents of the trigeminovascular system, in order to improve the understanding of trigeminal cranial sensory perception and to spark a new field of exploration for headache and other brain diseases.
The 19th century in the Lombard Alps: The unfulfilled promise of industrialization
Authors: Mocarelli Luca , Ongaro Giulio , Tedeschi Paolo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article aims to contribute to the discussion on the causes and the trajectories of the process of industrialization and economic development between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Focusing on the case study of the Lombard Alpine area, it will test the usefulness of the concept of uneven and combined development (UCD) in order to better understand the process of economic growth. The Alpine case study is particularly interesting because, in some Lombard Valleys, it involves a shift from a very advanced economy in the Early Modern period to a demographic and economic collapse from the mid‐19th century onward, when in contrast, other mountain territories in the Italian area were moving towards industrialization.
The Making of “La Gran Familia Mexicana”: Eugenics, Gender, and Sexuality in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez‐Rivera R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the impact of Mexican eugenics on different programs relating to the family throughout the post‐Revolutionary period. It deals with how Mexican elites thought about the family and how these discussions delimited who should be part of or exist under the banner of “la gran familia mexicana”. I discuss how eugenicists' debates regarding motherhood, puericulture, class, and different preventive health measures were intended to keep “undesirables”—or the people who, in their view, should not be part of “la gran familia mexicana”—at bay. I argue that science was used as a tool for implementing different eugenic plans that would make ideas of mestizaje and “rational mixing” into the modern Mexican nation. I argue that according to the Mexican Society of Eugenics (MSE), it was through the regulation of individual families and the acceptance of eugenic precept of self‐management and rational reproduction that the creation of the national family was to be crafted. Thus, the “gran familia mexicana” would become the organizing principle for both the individual and broader national dynamics in Mexico.
Development and validation of a Fever Management Questionnaire aimed at parents and care givers
Authors: Arias Daniel , Chen Timothy F , Moles Rebekah J 
Published: February 2021

AimThe symptoms of childhood fever are often inappropriately managed by care givers resulting in overuse of health resources and medication errors. Understanding care giver's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about fever management using a validated questionnaire is warranted. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive Fever Management Questionnaire.MethodsThe questionnaire items were developed through a content analysis of the literature and current fever management guidelines. For the knowledge component, a multidisciplinary panel of 12 experts assessed content validity of items (n = 35) through a one‐round Delphi process. The construct validity of the attitudes and belief items (19 items) were assessed using principal components analysis utilising response data collected from 149 Australian parents and care givers.ResultsBased on the responses from the panel of experts, six items were removed, six items required substantive modification, 13 items required minor modification with the remaining eight items retained in original form. For the Attitudes and Beliefs items, a parsimonious solution with three principal components resulted after removal of six cross‐loading items. The factor loadings of each item displayed a strong correlation to one of three components with scores ranging from 0.791 down to 0.541. The resulting Cronbach's α for the tool was 0.729.ConclusionPsychometric testing of this two‐part Fever Management Questionnaire has resulted in a tool with acceptable validity and reliability. This tool should now be used to gather the knowledge and attitudes of care givers surrounding fever management to further understand factors that lead to inappropriate fever management.