bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical quality changes of dehydrated strawberry affected by different packaging in a tropical environment
Authors: Putri R M , Aziz I W F , Falah M A F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Processed fruit strawberry such as dehydrated fruit was important as alternative ways to increase shelf-life and value of the fresh fruit. However, the unfavorable effects of the tropical environment can accelerate the deterioration quality of processed fruit. Applied packaging to protect the processed fruit was an important way to maintain the quality and increasing the shelf-life of the fruit. The objective of the study wants to know the effects of different packaging treatments for reducing unfavorable tropical environment conditions of dehydrated strawberry fruit. Dehydrated fruit strawberry was made using a combination of pre-treatment by osmotic dehydration with hot air convective drying method. The combination for treatments of material and process for production dehydrated strawberry used is a drying temperature of 70°C, concentrate osmotic agents with 50°Brix, immersion time for 60 min, and drying time of 6 h until 9 h.The dehydrated strawberry fruit was packaging used Polyethylene plastic with Nylon that and stored in the ambient tropical temperature condition. Firstly, dehydrated strawberry fruit packaged conventionally using Polyethylene plastics with Nylon packaging with vacuum treatment and secondly, dehydrated fruit without packaging as a control. Physical parameters were analyzed using standard method texture and color of food. Based on the result, vacuum packaging treatments for the treatment of 70°C; 50°Brix; 60 min; 9 h; 36 h can be maintained the color changes and texture of dehydrated strawberry fruit compare with those of control.However, detailed changes in chemical quality and different thickness of vacuum bag packaging needed to be considered for future research.
Effects of relay-planting several peanut rows on yield of two maize varieties at different row spacing
Authors: Wangiyana W , Ngawit I K , Farida N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intercropping maize with peanut has been reported to change the availability of some nutrients in the rhizosphere of the intercrops which resulted in different concentration of some nutrients in the above-ground parts of the intercrops compared with its monocrop. This study aimed to examine the effects of relay-planting several rows of peanut between rows of maize at different spacing on yield components of two maize varieties, by conducting an SSP-designed experiment testing three treatment factors, namely additive intercropping (I) maize with peanut as the main plots, maize varieties (V) and maize row spacing (S). The results indicated that variety differences had the most significant effects on the observation variables, followed by row spacing, and intercropping, but there were three-way and two-way interaction effects on green leaf number at 9 weeks old, showing that the highest green leaf number was on hybrid maize plants of 75 cm row spacing intercropped with three rows of peanut. On grain yield per plant, there was no significant effect of row spacing, but grain yield per m2 was highest under the lowest (60 cm) row spacing and intercropping with three rows of peanut, i.e. 673.34 g/m2 on waxy maize (463.7 g/m2 in monocrop), and 736.04 g/m2 on hybrid maize (656.3 g/m2 in monocrop), which indicates the possibilities to reduce row spacing under additive intercropping with peanut.
The quality improvement of yam flour (Dioscorea alata) through the fermentation process
Authors: Wanita Y P , Indrasari S D , Wiranti E W , Kristamtini  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Yam (Discore alata) is a local tuber used as a substitute for wheat flour and a source of non-rice carbohydrates. The processing into flour expands the diversification of yam’s product. However, the flour produced does not resemble wheat flour, so the processing needs to be modified. This study compared several properties of modified yam flour with four treatments. The four treatments were fermentation for 12 hours with Bi-Mocaf starter, fermentation for 18 hours with tape yeast, fermentation for 72 hours with pure water and without fermentation treatment. This study found: yam flour had an average moisture and ash content of 19% and 9.00%. The fermentation with tape yeast produced the highest yield (20.40%). The highest amylose content (7.23%), protein (4.25%), viscosity (3.65 cp), carbohydrate (74.20%), and energy (319.81 kcal) were produced by fermentation in 12 hours with the Bi-Mocaf fermentor. Without fermentation, treatment formed the highest dietary fiber (18.27%) and fat content (0.780%). The processing into flour is expected to expand product diversification and increase the added value of yam tubers.
The Effect of the Polishing Process and Sorghum Type (Brown and White) on the Content of Crackers Nutrition
Authors: Hatmi R U , Wirabhuana A , Wanita Y P , Tando E , Musyadik  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Yogyakarta - Indonesia has a variety of types of sorghum. Antioxidants and protein are among its nutritional advantages. Processing technology innovation is still needed to optimize its nutrition. Polishing is the main process in sorghum. This study aims to determine the effect of polishing and types of sorghum (brown and white) on the nutritional content of sorghum crackers. Nutrient content analyzed included water, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, energy, and beta carotene content. We found that the polishing process of the two types of sorghum resulted in different nutritional advantages of the sorghum crackers. The water, protein, fat, and crude fiber content of sorghum crackers decreased from the initial nutrient content of sorghum grain. Conversely, the content of ash, carbohydrates, and energy increase after becoming crackers. Polishing of white and brown sorghum grain causes higher content of ash, protein, energy, and beta carotene in sorghum crackers compared to unpolished ones. The crackers made from polished white sorghum grain had a higher protein content (7.74%) than those from polished brown sorghum grain (5.71%). The crackers made from polished brown sorghum grain had nutritional advantages in the content of ash (2.78%), energy (333.92 calori/100g) and beta carotene (2134.16mg/100g) compared to crackers made from polished white sorghum grain (2.66%; 317.23 calori/100g; 53.01mg/100g). Polishing of white sorghum grain produces high protein crackers, while polishing of brown sorghum grain produces crackers with high functional beta carotene content.
Recent potential biotechnological applications of the tempeh mould Rhizopus. A short review
Authors: Sriherwanto Catur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe last 10 years have seen innovative researches worldwide on the potential use of the edible tempeh mouldRhizopusfor various applications other than for human consumption. This is owing to the fungal ability to utilize various organic substrates alone or in combination with supplemented inorganic compounds to produce valuable biomolecules, as well as to generate other desired nutritional, chemical, biological, and physical properties. In addition, although the conventional biotechnological method of solid fermentation is still widely used, other ways of culturing the fungi have also been studied. Thus, fungi from the genusRhizopushave now found their way for potential state-of-the art applications in much wider contexts, for example in animal nutrition, environment and aquaculture, as well as in biomedical fields.
Transdiagnostic Cognitive Processes in Chronic Pain and Comorbid PTSD and Depression in Veterans
Authors: Day Melissa A , Williams Rhonda M , Turner Aaron P , Ehde Dawn M , Jensen Mark P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain in Veterans is a major problem compounded by comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Adopting a transdiagnostic framework to understanding “shared territory” among these diagnoses has the potential to inform our understanding of the underlying cognitive processes and mechanisms that transverse diagnostic boundaries.

Purpose
To examine the associations between pain-related cognitive processes (diversion, distancing, absorption, and openness), pain intensity, PTSD and depressive symptoms, and the extent to which Veterans with chronic pain with and without comorbid PTSD and depression engage in different/similar pain-related cognitive processes.

Methods
Secondary analysis of pretreatment data with a subsample (n = 147) of Veterans with chronic pain from a larger clinical trial. Pretreatment PCL-5 and PROMIS Depression scales were used to categorize participants into three groups: (a) Pain-only; (b) Pain-PTSD; and (c) Pain-PTSD-DEP.

Results
Compared to the Pain-only group, the Pain-PTSD and Pain-PTSD-DEP groups reported significantly greater pain intensity, PTSD and depressive symptoms, and ruminative pain absorption. The Pain-PTSD-DEP group had significantly lower pain diversion and pain openness scores. When diversion and openness were used within the Pain-PTSD-DEP group, however, they were both associated with lower pain intensity and openness was additionally associated with lower PTSD scores. However, in the Pain-PTSD group, pain openness was associated with higher depression scores.

Conclusions
Across increasing complexity of comorbidity profiles (i.e., one vs. two comorbid conditions), ruminative absorption with pain emerged as a cognitive process that transverses diagnoses and contributes to worse outcomes. Nonjudgmental acceptance may not be universally beneficial, potentially depending upon the nature of comorbidity profiles.
The challenges ahead
Authors: Loescher Gil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers directions for more effective approaches to refugee situations. As long as the growing scale of forced migration is driven by severe human rights violations, failing states, and intrastate conflicts, the prospects of solutions for refugees depend largely on resolving these issues. International organizations need to adopt programmes and policies to involve and strengthen civil society and local institutions. Lasting solutions will only be found if a concerted effort is made to defuse ethnic and religious tensions, resolve armed conflicts, protect human rights, strengthen arms control measures, and promote equitable and sustainable development. Through shared responsibility, collective action, and the active participation of refugees themselves, solutions are possible.
Is Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III Sensitive Enough to Detect Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Focal Cerebellar Lesions?
Authors: Starowicz-Filip Anna , Prochwicz Katarzyna , Kłosowska Joanna , Chrobak Adrian Andrzej , Krzyżewski Roger , Myszka Aneta , Rajtar-Zembaty Anna , Bętkowska-Korpała Barbara , Kwinta Borys 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The main aim of the study was to evaluate whether the available brief test of mental functions Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III (ACE III) detects cognitive impairment in patients with cerebellar damage. The second goal was to show the ACE III cognitive impairment profile of patients with focal cerebellar lesions.

Method
The study sample consisted of 31 patients with focal cerebellar lesions, 78 patients with supratentorial brain damage, and 31 subjects after spine surgery or with spine degeneration considered as control group, free of organic brain damage. The ACE III was used.

Results
Patients with cerebellar damage obtained significantly lower results in the ACE III total score and in several subscales: attention, fluency, language, and visuospatial domains than healthy controls without brain damage. With the cut-off level of 89 points, the ACE III was characterized by the sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 72%, and accuracy of 72%. The cerebellar cognitive impairment profile was found to be “frontal-like” and similar to that observed in patients with anterior supratentorial brain damage, with decreased ability to retrieve previously learned material and its preserved recognition, impaired word fluency, and executive dysfunction. The results are consistent with cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.

Conclusions
The ACE III can be used as a sensitive screening tool to detect cognitive impairments in patients with cerebellar damage.
Removal of chlorophyll and pheophorbide from Chlorella pyrenoidosa by supercritical fluid extraction: potential of protein resource
Authors: Miyazawa Taiki , Higuchi Ohki , Sasaki Masato , Ota Masaki , Aida Tsutomu , Takekoshi Hideo , Inomata Hiroshi , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This study tried to quantitatively clarify the usefulness of supercritical fluid extraction for removal of chlorophyll and pheophorbide from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. C. pyrenoidosa powder was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction, and chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a in its extracted fractions were measured by HPLC-UV. Chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a in residue after supercritical fluid extraction became below of detection limit.
Polyploid giant cancer cells and ovarian cancer: new insights into mitotic regulators and polyploidy
Authors: Richards JoAnne S , Candelaria Nicholes R , Lanz Rainer B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current first-line treatment of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) involves the use of cytotoxic drugs that frequently lead to recurrent tumors exhibiting increased resistance to the drugs and poor patient survival. Strong evidence is accumulating to show that HGSOC tumors and cell lines contain a subset of cells called polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs) that act as stem-like, self-renewing cells. These PGCCs appear to play a key role in tumor progression by generating drug-resistant progeny produced, in part, as a consequence of utilizing a modified form of mitosis known as endoreplication. Thus, developing drugs to target PGCCs and endoreplication may be an important approach for reducing the appearance of drug-resistant progeny. In the review, we discuss newly identified regulatory factors that impact mitosis and which may be altered or repurposed during endoreplication in PGCCs. We also review recent papers showing that a single PGCC can give rise to tumors in vivo and spheroids in culture. To illustrate some of the specific features of PGCCs and factors that may impact their function and endoreplication compared to mitosis, we have included immunofluorescent images co-localizing p53 and specific mitotic regulatory, phosphoproteins in xenografts derived from commonly used HGSOC cell lines.
Improving Professional Decision Making in Situations of Risk and Uncertainty: A Pilot Intervention
Authors: Regehr Cheryl , Paterson Jane , Sewell Karen , Birze Arija , Bogo Marion , Fallon Barbara , Regehr Glenn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Social workers and other professionals providing mental health services are regularly required to make high-stakes decisions in situations characterised by conflicting demands. To better understand the factors that drive clinical decision making in situations of risk and uncertainty, we used a design-based research framework to pilot a new approach for improving professional decision making. The programme, which combined simulated interviews, a master class series and personal monitoring of real-time decisions, was designed to focus explicit attention on biological, emotional, cognitive and contextual influences on decision making. Preliminary results from a pilot study suggest that during and immediately following the intervention, clinicians demonstrated new insights into their decision making processes. In addition, they reported benefitting both from the opportunity to reflect individually and share reflections with others. Physiological data demonstrated an association between stressful decisions in real-world clinical practice, elevated heart rate and emotional responses. Qualitative data suggested that client risk represented only one aspect of decision making that resulted in emotional and physical responses, and others included team dynamics, socio-evaluative stressors and organisational and societal factors. This innovative decision making programme creates new opportunities for integrating research, practice and education and shows promise of improving social work practice.
A randomized clinical trial of plasticity-based cognitive training in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mahncke Henry W , DeGutis Joseph , Levin Harvey , Newsome Mary R , Bell Morris D , Grills Chad , French Louis M , Sullivan Katherine W , Kim Sarah-Jane , Rose Annika , Stasio Catherine , Merzenich Michael M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines support cognitive rehabilitation for people with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and cognitive impairment, but no class I randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of self-administered computerized cognitive training. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a self-administered computerized plasticity-based cognitive training programmes in primarily military/veteran participants with a history of mTBI and cognitive impairment. A multisite randomized double-blind clinical trial of a behavioural intervention with an active control was conducted from September 2013 to February 2017 including assessments at baseline, post-training, and after a 3-month follow-up period. Participants self-administered cognitive training (experimental and active control) programmes at home, remotely supervised by a healthcare coach, with an intended training schedule of 5 days per week, 1 h per day, for 13 weeks. Participants (149 contacted, 83 intent-to-treat) were confirmed to have a history of mTBI (mean of 7.2 years post-injury) through medical history/clinician interview and persistent cognitive impairment through neuropsychological testing and/or quantitative participant reported measure. The experimental intervention was a brain plasticity-based computerized cognitive training programme targeting speed/accuracy of information processing, and the active control was composed of computer games. The primary cognitive function measure was a composite of nine standardized neuropsychological assessments, and the primary directly observed functional measure a timed instrumental activities of daily living assessment. Secondary outcome measures included participant-reported assessments of cognitive and mental health. The treatment group showed an improvement in the composite cognitive measure significantly larger than that of the active control group at both the post-training [+6.9 points, confidence interval (CI) +1.0 to +12.7, P = 0.025, d = 0.555] and the follow-up visit (+7.4 points, CI +0.6 to +14.3, P = 0.039, d = 0.591). Both large and small cognitive function improvements were seen twice as frequently in the treatment group than in the active control group. No significant between-group effects were seen on other measures, including the directly-observed functional and symptom measures. Statistically equivalent improvements in both groups were seen in depressive and cognitive symptoms.
Symptom-Related Differential Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Children with Corpus Callosum Abnormalities
Authors: Guo Yurui , Ortug Alpen , Sadberry Rodney , Rezayev Arthur , Levman Jacob , Shiohama Tadashi , Takahashi Emi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We aimed to identify symptom-related neuroimaging biomarkers for patients with dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (dCC) by summarizing neurological symptoms reported in clinical evaluations and correlating them with retrospectively collected structural/diffusion brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures from 39 patients/controls (mean age 8.08 ± 3.98). Most symptoms/disorders studied were associated with CC abnormalities. Total brain (TB) volume was related to language, cognition, muscle tone, and metabolic/endocrine abnormalities. Although white matter (WM) volume was not related to symptoms studied, gray matter (GM) volume was related to cognitive, behavioral, and metabolic/endocrine disorders. Right hemisphere (RH) cortical thickness (CT) was linked to language abnormalities, while left hemisphere (LH) CT was linked to epilepsy. While RH gyrification index (GI) was not related to any symptoms studied, LH GI was uniquely related to cognitive disorders. Between patients and controls, GM volume and LH/RH CT were significantly greater in dCC patients, while WM volume and LH/RH GI were significantly greater in controls. TB volume and diffusion indices for tissue microstructures did not show differences between the groups. In summary, our brain MRI-based measures successfully revealed differential links to many symptoms. Specifically, LH GI abnormality can be a predictor for dCC patients, which is uniquely associated with the patients' symptom. In addition, patients with CC abnormalities had normal TB volume and overall tissue microstructures, with potentially deteriorated mechanisms to expand/fold the brain, indicated by GI.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Mortality Among Young Infants in Karachi, Pakistan: A Prospective Postmortem Surveillance Study
Authors: Kazi Abdul Momin , Aguolu Obianuju G , Mughis Waliyah , Ahsan Nazia , Jamal Saima , Khan Ayub , Qureshi Hanya M , Yildirim Inci , Malik Fauzia A , Omer Saad B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a potential target for maternal immunization strategies. However, data on the role of RSV in young infant deaths in developing countries are limited.

Methods
We conducted a community-based mortality surveillance from August 2018–March 2020 for infants ≤6 months in Karachi, Pakistan. We tested (reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction) nasopharyngeal swabs from deceased infants for presence of RSV. We performed verbal autopsies and calculated odds of RSV-associated mortality with 95% CIs and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations.

Results
We collected 490 nasopharyngeal specimens from 1280 eligible infant deaths. There were 377/490 (76.9%) live births and 14/377 (3.7%; 95% CI: 1.8–5.6) were RSV positive. Most deaths occurred in neonates (254/377; 67.4%), males (226/377; 59.9%), and respiratory illnesses (206/377; 54.6%). Postneonatal age (10/14, 71.4%; OR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.7–18.0), respiratory symptoms (12/14, 85.7%; OR: 5.2; 1.2–23.7), and high RSV season (9/14, 64.3%; OR: 4.4; 1.4–13.3) were associated with RSV mortality. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, respiratory symptoms (OR: 6.6; 95% CI: 1.3–32.5), RSV seasonality (6.1; 1.8–20.4), and age (9.2; 2.6–33.1) were significant predictors of RSV-associated mortality.

Conclusions
RSV has a significant mortality burden in early infancy in Karachi, Pakistan. Age, RSV seasonality, and respiratory symptoms were significant predictors of RSV-associated mortality. Our findings have implications for clinical management of young infants with cold-like symptoms, policy development, and research regarding maternal immunization against RSV during pregnancy, in resource-constrained, low-income, and vaccine-hesitant populations.