bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of environmental-conscious sourcing: an empirical investigation
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Mandal Madhab Chandra , Ray Amitava 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe prime objective of this paper is to design a green supply chain management (GSCM) framework to evaluate the performance of environmental-conscious suppliers using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach.Design/methodology/approachThe literature survey reveals critical factors for implementing GSCM, adopted methodologies and the result obtained by several researchers. Data have been collected by conducting surveys and interviews with strategic-level personnel of five esteemed organizations in automobile manufacturing sectors. A GSCM framework is developed in which a mathematical tool entropy–the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) has been used to analyze the six parameters of automobile manufacturing unit. Initially, entropy is used to find the weights of each of the parameters that influence the decision matrix of the TOPSIS method. Secondly, the proposed GSCM framework ranks the supplier. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model satisfies the GSCM framework and benchmarked the supplier.FindingsThe result shows that “Total CO2 emission” has an influential role for GSCM sustainability, and hence, firms should put more effort to reduce emissions to improve overall performance. Again, the parameters like investment in R&D and total waste generation may be ignored in the selection process. The result reveals the benchmarked supplier and its strategies for effective sourcing, which would have an indirect effect on organizations' overall sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThis research entirely focuses on sustainability within supply chain considering economic, social and environmental paradigms. The mathematical modeling of the proposed work considers many influential parameters and provides an easy and comprehensive decision-making technique.Practical implicationsThe methods may be adopted by the industries for sustainable supply chain management. This study benchmarks the supplier organizations and explores the adopted policies by benchmarked organizations. Other organizations should follow the policies followed by benchmarked organization for enhancing environmental, social and economic performance. Organizations striving for sustainable development can adopt this framework for evaluation of supplier performance and benchmark with better accuracy.Originality/valueThe design of the GSCM framework explores both the qualitative and quantitative data based on environmental, social and economic parameters simultaneously in the evaluation of environmentally conscious suppliers. The research also investigates the constraints of the system to implement the GSCM in automobile manufacturing unit. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis justifies the benchmarked supplier and the adopted strategies to be followed by other manufacturing unit.
Research on the Thermal Environment of Northeast China's Rural Residences
Authors: Sun Cheng , Zhen Meng , Shao Yu 
Published: January 2021

Rural residential energy consumption accounts for 46.6% of total building-related energy consumption of China. In Northeast China, energy consumption for space heating represents a significant proportion of total rural residential energy consumption and has reached 100 million tce (tons of standard coal equivalent), or more than 60% of total household energy consumption. In terms of energy consumption per square meter of gross floor area, rural residential energy consumption for heating is more than that of cities (20kgce/m2). However, the average indoor temperature of most rural residence is below 10°C, much less than that in cities (18°C). Hence, it is an important task for Chinese energy saving and emission reduction to reduce rural residential energy consumption, while enhancing indoor thermal comfort at the same time.
Restricted by local technology and low economic level, rural residences currently have poor thermal insulation resulting in severe heat loss. This paper reports on research aimed at developing design strategies for improving thermal insulation properties of rural residences with appropriate technology. A field survey was conducted in six counties in severe cold areas of Northeast China, addressing the aspects of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, internal and external surface temperature of building envelop enclosure, and so on.
The survey data show the following:
1. Modern (after 2000) brick-cement rural residences perform much better than the traditional adobe clay houses and Tatou houses (a regional type of rural residence in Northeast China – see figure A) in overall thermal performance and indoor thermal comfort;
2. Among the traditional residential house types, adobe clay houses have better heat stability and thermal storage capacity than Tatou houses;
3. Applying an internal or external thermal insulation layer can greatly improve rural residential thermal insulation properties, and is an economical and efficient solution in rural areas;
4. In terms of roofing materials, tiled roofs show much better thermal insulation properties than thatch roofs;
5. Adopting passive solar techniques can form a transition space (greenhouse) against frigid temperatures, resulting in interior temperatures 5.91°C higher than the outside surroundings. It is evident that local passive solar room design offers significant heat preservation effects and lower cost ($12/m2), embodies the ecological wisdom of rural residents, and is therefore important to popularize.
The above experimental results can provide guidance in energy conservation design for both self-built residences and rural residences designed by architects. In addition, the results can also provide experimental data for energy-saving studies for rural residences in China.
Selection, stability, and spuriousness: Testing Gottfredson and Hirschi's propositions to reinterpret street gangs in self‐control perspective*
Authors: Pyrooz David C. , Melde Chris , Coffman Donna L. , Meldrum Ryan C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOverlooked in the extensive literature on self‐control theory are propositions with respect to street gangs. In Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) perspective, gangs are loose confederations of youth with low self‐control and their criminological relevance is attributable to “politics and romance” rather than to rigorous empirical research. Prior research is limited by the use of cross‐sectional data, which takes on added importance in light of recent findings on self‐control instability. Using six waves of panel data from a large sample of youth, we test three propositions: gang membership is endogenous to self‐control (selection), self‐control is unrelated to gang membership (stability), and self‐control confounds the well‐established link between gang membership and delinquency (spuriousness). The main findings from stabilized inverse propensity‐weighted multilevel structural equation models are that 1) self‐control is one, but not the only, source of selection into gangs; 2) levels of self‐control worsen during active periods of gang membership; and 3) gang membership maintains a direct association with delinquency, as well as an indirect association operating through self‐control. The empirical evidence does not support reinterpreting gangs in self‐control perspective, instead pointing to the continued relevance of the group context to criminology.
Self‐reported experiences and consequences of unfair treatment by police*
Authors: Dennison Christopher R. , Finkeldey Jessica G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study uses data from the most recent wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (wave V of Add Health) to examine the predictors of experiencing unfair treatment by police. It also considers the degree to which unfair police treatment is associated with a range of social‐psychological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood, including depressive symptoms, self‐efficacy, suicide ideation, and drug use. Finally, this study examines whether any of the relationships between unfair police treatment and adult outcomes differ by race and ethnicity. Most broadly, results suggest that the odds of reporting ever experiencing unfair treatment by police are disproportionately higher among minorities (and more specifically non‐Latino Blacks), men, and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Furthermore, such experiences are detrimental to all of the social‐psychological and behavioral outcomes in adulthood, even after accounting for the differences in who is most likely to experience unfair police treatment via propensity score methods. Lastly, some of these consequences seem to be more pronounced among non‐Latino Whites compared with non‐Latino Blacks, which we believe is attributable to the unfortunate reality that unfair police contact continues to be a normative life‐course event for Black people in the United States.
Bird habitat preferences drive hemoparasite infection in the Neotropical region
Authors: DE LA TORRE Gabriel Massaccesi , CAMPIÃO Karla Magalhães 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role that the environment plays in vector‐borne parasite infection is one of the central factors for understanding disease dynamics. We assessed how Neotropical bird foraging strata and habitat preferences determine infection by parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon, and Trypanosoma and filarioids, and tested for phylogenetic signal in these host–parasite associations. We performed extensive searches of the scientific literature and created a database of hemoparasite surveys. We collected data on host body mass, foraging strata, habitat preference, and migratory status, and tested if host ecological traits predict each hemoparasite occurrence and prevalence using a phylogenetic Bayesian framework. Species of Plasmodium tend to infect birds from tropical forests while birds from altitudinal environments are likely to be infected by species of Leucocytozoon. The probability of a bird being infected by filarioid or Trypanosoma is higher in lowland forests. Bird species that occur in anthropic environments and dry habitats of tropical latitudes are more susceptible to infection by species of Haemoproteus. Host foraging strata is also influential and bird species that forage in the mid‐high and canopy strata are more prone to infection by species of Haemoproteus and filarioids. We also identified phylogenetic signal for host–parasite associations with the probability of infection of Neotropical birds by any hemoparasite being more similar among more closely related species. We provided a useful framework to identify environments that correlate with hemoparasite infection, which is also helpful for detecting areas with potential suitability for hemoparasite infection due to land conversion and climate change.
Metabolic syndrome and clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID‐19: Does age, sex, and race of the patient with metabolic syndrome matter?
Authors: Lohia Prateek , Kapur Shweta , Benjaram Sindhuri , Pandey Abhilasha , Mir Tanveer , Seyoum Berhane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent worldwide, and its individual components obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have been identified as risk factors to develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); however, data on MetS and clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 are scarce. This study aims to determine association between MetS and severe disease outcomes, that is, mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement among patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis is a retrospective multihospital cohort study on 1871 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis. Patient data including demographics, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), smoking, laboratory data, and the clinical course of hospitalization were collected. Multivariable regression was performed adjusting for age, sex, race, insurance, smoking, and comorbidities.ResultsA total of 1871 patients (median age 66 [interquartile range, IQR 54‐75]; 965 (51.6%) males; 1494 (80%) African Americans; median BMI 29.4 kg/m2 [IQR 25‐35.8]; 573 (30.6%) patients with MetS) were included. Patients with MetS had increased mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.75; P = .004), higher ICU admission (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.36‐2.08; P < .001), and increased need for mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.52‐2.37; P < .001). Among individual comorbidities, diabetes had significant association with mortality (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.63; P = 0.02), ICU admission (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27‐1.93; P < .001), and need for mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30‐2.03; P < .001).ConclusionsMetS is a better prognostic indicator for severe disease outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 than its individual components. Patients with MetS had significantly higher mortality, increased ICU admissions, and need for mechanical ventilation.
Complex genetic admixture histories reconstructed with Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Fortes‐Lima Cesar A. , Laurent Romain , Thouzeau Valentin , Toupance Bruno , Verdu Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdmixture is a fundamental evolutionary process that has influenced genetic patterns in numerous species. Maximum‐likelihood approaches based on allele frequencies and linkage‐disequilibrium have been extensively used to infer admixture processes from genome‐wide data sets, mostly in human populations. Nevertheless, complex admixture histories, beyond one or two pulses of admixture, remain methodologically challenging to reconstruct. We developed an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework to reconstruct highly complex admixture histories from independent genetic markers. We built the software package MetHis to simulate independent SNPs or microsatellites in a two‐way admixed population for scenarios with multiple admixture pulses, monotonically decreasing or increasing recurring admixture, or combinations of these scenarios. MetHis allows users to draw model‐parameter values from prior distributions set by the user, and, for each simulation, MetHis can calculate numerous summary statistics describing genetic diversity patterns and moments of the distribution of individual admixture fractions. We coupled MetHis with existing machine‐learning ABC algorithms and investigated the admixture history of admixed populations. Results showed that random forest ABC scenario‐choice could accurately distinguish among most complex admixture scenarios, and errors were mainly found in regions of the parameter space where scenarios were highly nested, and, thus, biologically similar. We focused on African American and Barbadian populations as two study‐cases. We found that neural network ABC posterior parameter estimation was accurate and reasonably conservative under complex admixture scenarios. For both admixed populations, we found that monotonically decreasing contributions over time, from Europe and Africa, explained the observed data more accurately than multiple admixture pulses. This approach will allow for reconstructing detailed admixture histories when maximum‐likelihood methods are intractable.
pixy: Unbiased estimation of nucleotide diversity and divergence in the presence of missing data
Authors: Korunes Katharine L. , Samuk Kieran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPopulation genetic analyses often use summary statistics to describe patterns of genetic variation and provide insight into evolutionary processes. Among the most fundamental of these summary statistics are π and dXY, which are used to describe genetic diversity within and between populations, respectively. Here, we address a widespread issue in π and dXY calculation: systematic bias generated by missing data of various types. Many popular methods for calculating π and dXY operate on data encoded in the variant call format (VCF), which condenses genetic data by omitting invariant sites. When calculating π and dXY using a VCF, it is often implicitly assumed that missing genotypes (including those at sites not represented in the VCF) are homozygous for the reference allele. Here, we show how this assumption can result in substantial downward bias in estimates of π and dXY that is directly proportional to the amount of missing data. We discuss the pervasive nature and importance of this problem in population genetics, and introduce a user‐friendly UNIX command line utility, pixy, that solves this problem via an algorithm that generates unbiased estimates of π and dXY in the face of missing data. We compare pixy to existing methods using both simulated and empirical data, and show that pixy alone produces unbiased estimates of π and dXY regardless of the form or amount of missing data. In summary, our software solves a long‐standing problem in applied population genetics and highlights the importance of properly accounting for missing data in population genetic analyses.
Airbnb Property Management: Performance Evaluation of a Rental Property*
Authors: Boland Matthew 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis teaching case requires students to generate performance evaluation reports for a short‐term rental property. The case demonstrates the need to analyze variances and think critically about the potential causes of these variances and assess management performance. Students are also required to make forward‐looking recommendations based on the local business environment for short‐term rental properties.
Giving Customers Decision Rights: A Field Study of Pay‐What‐You‐Want Pricing at a Performing Arts Theater*
Authors: Birnberg Jacob , Choi Jongwoon (Willie) , Presslee Adam 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWe conduct a field study at a performing arts theater offering pay‐what‐you‐want (PWYW) pricing as one of several pricing options to purchase tickets. While offering PWYW in this setting introduces multiple layers of self‐selection, we find PWYW attendees are not a homogeneous group. Rather, attendees have distinct identities that vary in the extent to which they view PWYW as an economic transaction or a social exchange. We also find the effect of PWYW on subsequent consumption behavior is asymmetric. PWYW attendees do not subsequently become season subscribers. However, when the PWYW option was offered for a different performance, some season subscribers to that performance canceled their season ticket subscriptions with plans to use PWYW in the future, resulting in potentially lost revenues and a smaller season subscriber base. Thus, using PWYW as part of multiple pricing strategy may be especially costly when firms rely on dedicated patronage by consumers.
JUNB‐FBXO21‐ERK axis promotes cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Lin Zhiming , Miao Jianing , Zhang Tao , He Ming , Wang Ziyuan , Feng Xinyuan , Bai Lunhao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease that is extremely hard to cure owing to its complex regulation network of pathogenesis, especially cartilage degeneration. FBXO21 is a subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligases that degrades P‐glycoprotein and EID1 by ubiquitination and activates the JNK and p38 pathways; however, its role in OA remains unknown. Here, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects and mechanism of FBXO21 in OA degeneration, we revealed that FBXO21 is upregulated in the cartilage of patients with OA, aging, and monosodium iodoacetate‐induced OA rats, and chondrocytes treated with interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the in vivo and in vitro knockdown of FBXO21 suppressed OA‐related cartilage degeneration, as evidenced by activated autophagy, upregulated anabolism, alleviated apoptosis, and downregulated catabolism. In contrast, its overexpression promoted OA‐related cartilage degeneration. In addition, using mass spectrometry and co‐immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that the downstream mechanism of FBXO21 inhibits autophagy by interacting with and phosphorylating ERK. Furthermore, FBXO21 alleviated anabolism and enhanced apoptosis and catabolism by inhibiting autophagy in rat chondrocytes. Interestingly, for its upstream mechanism, JUNB promoted FBXO21 expression by directly targeting the FBXO21 promoter, thus further accelerating cartilage degeneration in SW1353 cells and rat chondrocytes. Overall, our findings reveal that the JUNB‐FBXO21‐ERK axis regulates OA apoptosis and cartilage matrix metabolism by inhibiting autophagy. Therefore, FBXO21 is an attractive target for regulating OA pathogenesis, and its knockdown may provide a novel targeted therapy for OA.
Increased risk of dementia in older female US veterans with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Bahorik Amber , Bobrow Kirsten , Hoang Tina , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with increased dementia risk among older women veterans.DesignCohort study.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsWomen veterans with AUD aged ≥ 55 years (n = 2207), receiving care from Veterans Health Administration medical centers from October 2004 to September 2015 with one or more follow‐up visit and an age‐matched sample of women veterans without AUD (n = 2207). Women at baseline with prevalent dementia or AUD in remission were excluded.MeasurementsAUD, substance use disorder (SUD), smoking, psychiatric (depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety) and medical comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, traumatic brain disorder) and dementia determined by the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between AUD and dementia risk during follow‐up. Sensitivity analyses were performed by excluding women (n = 349) with comorbid SUD and by excluding women (n = 1568) currently smoking.FindingsVeteran women had a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of 65.0 (5.6) years at baseline. During follow‐up (median 4 years, interquartile range: 2–6) 3.7% of women (n = 82) with AUD developed dementia compared with 1.1% (n = 24) without AUD (P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographics, medical and psychiatric conditions and accounting for different Veteran's Integrated Service Networks, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for dementia was 3.12 (95% CI = 1.90–5.12) for women with AUD compared with women without AUD. After removing women with SUD (aHR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.13–5.85) and women currently smoking (aHR = 3.80, 95% CI = 2.11–6.84), results were similar.ConclusionsAlcohol use disorder among female US veterans aged more than 55 years appears to be associated with a more than threefold increase of dementia.
Genomic characteristics of four different geese populations in China
Authors: Liu H. , Zhu C. , Song W. , Xu W. , Tao Z. , Zhang S. , Li H. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIt is well known that many Chinese goose breeds differ substantially in economic performance, but the genetic changes involved are still poorly understood. This study sequenced 35 individuals from four goose breeds namely Shitou, Zhedong White, Taihu, and Zi with an average sequencing depth of 10× for each individual. Among these populations, SNPs were identified, which clustered the individuals into four distinct genetic groups in accordance with the four breeds. Genomic comparisons among the four goose breeds revealed many candidate genes, as well as pathways that may be associated with meat yield in Shitou geese and laying traits in Zi geese. These findings will enable a better understanding of the artificial selection history of Chinese local geese and provide a valuable resource for future research on the breeding of geese for the economic traits of meat and egg production.