bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MeV Gamma-ray imaging spectroscopic observation for Galactic Centre and Cosmic Background MeV gammas by SMILE-2+ Balloon Experiment
Authors: Tanimori Toru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, there appears lots of papers on the possibility of light Dark Matter (DM) in MeV and sub-GeV scale. Until now, only INTEGRAL and COMPTEL provided experimental data of 511keV of galactic center, and two spectra of Galactic Diffuse MeV gammas (GDMG) and COMPTEL provided the Cosmic Background MeV gammas (CBMG) for wide sky for indirect detection of light DMs. However except 511keV, those spectra for diffuse gammas included large statistical and systematic errors in spite of 10 years observation, since both two instruments suffered from severe background radiation in space. In 2018 April, we (SMILE-project in Comic-ray Group of Kyoto University) have observed MeV gamma rays for whole southern sky by Electron Tracking Compton Camera (ETCC) using JAXA balloon at Australia during one-day. (SMILE2+ Project) By measuring all parameters of Compton scattering in every gamma, ETCC has achieved for the first time to obtain the complete direction of MeV gammas as same as optical telescopes, and also to distinguish signal gammas from huge background gammas in space clearly. In this observation, ETCC with a large Field of View of 3sr observed MeV gammas from 3/5 of all sky including galactic centre, a half disk, crab, and most of CBMG By reconstructing the Compton process, we successfully obtained pure comic gammas by reducing background by more 2 orders, which is clearly certificated by the clear enhancement of detected gamma flux with ˜30% during galactic center passing through the Field of View, which is consistent with the ratio of CBMG and GDMG. Now 511keV gammas GDMG are preliminarily detected with ˜5 and >10σ respectively around Galactic Centre. Also we have obtained near 105events of CBMG in with quite low background of only a few 10% in total CBMG events. Thus we obtained good data for both with high statistics and very low systematics even one day observation.
Physics prospects of the JUNO experiment
Authors: Sisti Monica 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
JUNO is a 20 kton multi-purpose liquid scintillator detector currently being built in China in a dedicated underground laboratory and expected to complete the detector construction in 2021. JUNO primary physics goal is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering, with a significance of 3-4 sigma in six years of data taking, by measuring the oscillation pattern of electron antineutrinos coming from two nuclear power plants at a baseline of about 53 km. Besides this fundamental aim, its large target mass, unprecedented energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV, and vertex reconstruction capability will provide vast opportunities in particle physics and astrophysics. JUNO will have a very rich physics program, which includes the precise measurement at a sub-percent level of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters, the detection of low-energy neutrinos coming from galactic core-collapse supernova, the measurement of the diffuse supernova neutrino background, the detection of neutrinos coming from the Sun and the Earth (geo-neutrinos). In this paper I will give an overview on the JUNO physics potential and discuss the performance of the JUNO detector for the various proposed measurements.
The Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) for the SPIRAL2 facility
Authors: Drouart A. , Nolen J.A. , Savajols H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Super Separator Spectrometer S3 is, with the NFS (Neutrons For Science) facility, a major experimental system developed for SPIRAL2. It is designed for very low cross section experiments at low (<15MeV/u) energy. It will receive the very high intensity (more than 1pμA) stable ion beams accelerated by the superconducting LINAG accelerator of SPIRAL2. S3 will be notably used for the study of rare nuclei produced by fusion evaporation reactions, such as superheavy elements and neutron-deficient isotopes. Such experiments require a high transmission of the products of interest but also a separation of these nuclei from unwanted species. Hence S3 must have a large acceptance but also a high selection power including physical mass resolution. These properties are reached with the use of seven large aperture superconducting quadrupole triplets which include sextupolar and octupolar corrections in a two - stage separator (momentum achromat followed by a mass spectrometer) that can be coupled to the SIRIUS implantation-decay spectroscopy station or to the REGLIS3 gas cell with laser ionization to provide very pure beams for low energy experiments. S3 is now in the construction phase. We will present the scientific objectives of S3 as well as the current status of the facility and its different elements.
Dynapenia, abdominal obesity or both: which accelerates the gait speed decline most?
Authors: de Oliveira Máximo Roberta , de Oliveira Dayane Capra , Ramírez Paula Camila , Luiz Mariane Marques , de Souza Aline Fernanda , Delinocente Maicon Luís Bicigo , Steptoe Andrew , de Oliveira Cesar , da Silva Alexandre Tiago 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
to investigate whether the combination of dynapenia and abdominal obesity is worse than these two conditions separately regarding gait speed decline over time.

Methods
a longitudinal study was conducted involving 2,294 individuals aged 60 years or older free of mobility limitation at baseline (gait speed &gt;0.8 m/s) who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Dynapenia was determined as a grip strength &lt;26 kg for men and &lt;16 kg for women. Abdominal obesity was determined as a waist circumference &gt;102 cm for men and &gt;88 cm for women. The participants were divided into four groups: non-dynapenic/non-abdominal obese (ND/NAO); only abdominal obese (AO); only dynapenic (D) and dynapenic/abdominal obese (D/AO). Generalised linear mixed models were used to analyse gait speed decline (m/s) as a function of dynapenia and abdominal obesity status over an 8-year follow-up period.

Results
over time, only the D/AO individuals had a greater gait speed decline (−0.013 m/s per year, 95% CI: −0.024 to −0.002; P &lt; 0.05) compared to ND/NAO individuals. Neither dynapenia nor abdominal obesity only was associated with gait speed decline.

Conclusion
dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with accelerated gait speed decline and is, therefore, an important modifiable condition that should be addressed in clinical practice through aerobic and strength training for the prevention of physical disability in older adults.
A New List for Choosing Wisely Canada From the “Hidden Profession” of Medical Laboratory Science
Authors: VanSpronsen Amanda D , Villatoro Valentin , Zychla Laura , Wang Yutian , Turley Elona , Ohinmaa Arto , Yuan Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) publishes practices that may contribute to medical overuse and patient harm. Many practices concern laboratory testing, but the recommendations are often written for the test-ordering professionals. Our objective was to develop a list for CWC reflecting the scope of practice of nonpathologist medical laboratory professionals (MLPs).

Methods
We used a national survey, a convention session, and a panel of MLPs from across Canada to generate content for the CWC list. We used a modified Delphi process to identify the most important items and scoping reviews to gather evidence supporting each item.

Results
We identified 95 potential CWC list items. After 2 Delphi rounds, there was little movement in the top items. Scoping reviews revealed varying degrees of evidentiary support, which influenced the composition of the final list of 7 CWC items submitted. Three of the final recommendations address ways MLPs preserve the status quo with respect to overutilization of laboratory tests by other health care professionals. The remaining recommendations prompt MLPs to exert clinical judgment in specific scenarios, particularly where they can impact blood collection volumes.

Conclusions
This work brings a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of the relationships among MLPs, patient safety, and resource waste.
Association Between Medicaid Expansion and Suicide Mortality Among Nonelderly US Adults
Authors: Austin Anna E , Naumann Rebecca B , Short Nicole A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 2014, the Affordable Care Act gave states the option to expand Medicaid coverage to nonelderly adults (persons aged 18–64 years) with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level. To our knowledge, the association of Medicaid expansion with suicide, a leading cause of death in the United States, has not been examined. We used 2005–2017 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System to analyze suicide mortality in 8 Medicaid expansion states and 7 nonexpansion states. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we examined the association between Medicaid expansion and the rate of suicide death (number of deaths per 100,000 population) among nonelderly adults. After adjustment for state-level confounders, Medicaid expansion states had 1.2 fewer suicide deaths (β = −1.2, 95% confidence interval: –2.5, 0.1) per 100,000 population per year during the postexpansion period than would have been expected if they had followed the same trend in suicide rates as nonexpansion states. Medicaid expansion was associated with reductions in suicide rates among women, men, persons aged 30–44 years, non-Hispanic White individuals, and persons without a college degree. Medicaid expansion was not associated with a change in suicide rates among persons aged 18–29 or 45–64 years or among non-White or Hispanic individuals. Overall, Medicaid expansion was associated with reductions in rates of suicide death among nonelderly adults. Further research on inequities in Medicaid expansion benefits is needed.
Building a Virtual Global Knowledge Network During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: The Infection Prevention and Control Global Webinar Series
Authors: Wilson Kathryn , Dennison Cori , Struminger Bruce , Armistad Amy , Osuka Hanako , Montoya Eva , Padoveze Maria Clara , Arora Sanjeev , Park Benjamin , Lessa Fernanda C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unprecedented global health challenge. Traditional modes of knowledge dissemination have not been feasible. A rapid solution was needed to share guidance and implementation examples within the global infection prevention and control (IPC) community. We designed the IPC Global Webinar Series to bring together subject matter experts and IPC professionals in the fight against COVID-19.MethodsThe Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model was adapted to create an interactive global knowledge network. Speakers and panelists provided presentations and answers to questions. Webinars were simultaneously interpreted into 5 languages and recorded for later access.ResultsThirteen webinar sessions were completed from 14 May through 6 August 2020. On average, 634 participants attended each session (range, 393-1181). Each session was represented by participants from, on average, more than 100 countries.ConclusionsThrough the IPC Global Webinar Series, critical information was shared and peer-to-peer learning was promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic response. The webinar sessions reached a broader audience than many in-person events. The webinar series was rapidly scaled and can be rapidly reactivated as needed. Our lessons learned in designing and implementing the series can inform the design of other global health virtual knowledge networks. The continued and expanded use of adapted virtual communities of practice and other learning networks for the IPC community can serve as a valuable tool for addressing COVID-19 and other infectious disease threats.The infection prevention and control (IPC) Global Webinar Series convened subject matter experts and IPC professionals from more than 100 countries to establish a global learning community for COVID-19. We advocate for expanded use of virtual knowledge networks.
Local multigrid solvers for adaptive isogeometric analysis in hierarchical spline spaces
Authors: Hofreither Clemens , Mitter Ludwig , Speleers Hendrik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose local multigrid solvers for adaptively refined isogeometric discretizations using (truncated) hierarchical B-splines ((T)HB-splines). Smoothing is only performed in or near the refinement areas on each level, leading to a computationally efficient solving strategy. We prove robust convergence of the proposed solvers with respect to the number of levels and the mesh sizes of the hierarchical discretization space under the assumption that the hierarchical mesh satisfies an admissibility condition, i.e., the number of interacting mesh levels is uniformly bounded. We also provide several numerical experiments. The main analytical tools are quasi-interpolators for THB-splines and the abstract convergence theory of subspace correction methods.
Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization Density Is Associated With Severe Pneumonia in Young Children in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Carr Olivia J J , Vilivong Keoudomphone , Bounvilay Laddaphone , Dunne Eileen M , Lai Jana Y R , Chan Jocelyn , Vongsakid Malisa , Changthongthip Anisone , Siladeth C , Ortika Belinda , Nguyen Cattram , Mayxay Mayfong , Newton Paul N , Mulholland Kim , Do Lien A H , Dubot-Pérès Audrey , Satzke Catherine , Dance David A B , Russell Fiona M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
No studies have explored the association between pneumococcal nasopharyngeal density and severe pneumonia using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 definition. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), we determine the association between nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density and severe pneumonia in children.

Methods
A prospective observational study was undertaken at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, from 2014 to mid-2018. Children &lt;5 years admitted with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected alongside nasopharyngeal swabs for pneumococcal quantification by lytA real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Severe pneumonia was defined using the 2013 WHO definition. For pneumococcal carriers, a logistic regression model examined the association between pneumococcal density and severe pneumonia, after adjusting for potential confounders including demographic and household factors, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine status, respiratory syncytial virus co-detection, and preadmission antibiotics.

Results
Of 1268 participants with ARI, 32.3% (n = 410) had severe pneumonia and 36.9% (n = 468) had pneumococcal carriage. For pneumococcal carriers, pneumococcal density was positively associated with severe pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.8]; P = .020).

Conclusions
Among children with ARIs and pneumococcal carriage, pneumococcal carriage density was positively associated with severe pneumonia in Lao PDR. Further studies may determine if pneumococcal density is a useful marker for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact on childhood pneumonia.
Effects of Intertidal Position on Metabolism and Behavior in the Acorn Barnacle,Balanus glandula
Authors: Horn Kali M , Fournet Michelle E H , Liautaud Kaitlin A , Morton Lynsey N , Cyr Allie M , Handley Alyse L , Dotterweich Megan M , Anderson Kyra N , Zippay Mackenzie L , Hardy Kristin M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intertidal zone is characterized by persistent, tidally-driven fluctuations in both abiotic (e.g., temperature, oxygen, and salinity) and biotic (e.g., food availability and predation) factors, which make this a physiologically challenging habitat for resident organisms. The relative magnitude and degree of variability of environmental stress differ between intertidal zones, with the most extreme physiological stress often being experienced by organisms in the high intertidal. Given that so many of the constantly shifting parameters in this habitat are primary drivers of metabolic rate (e.g., temperature, [O2], and food availability), we hypothesized that sessile conspecifics residing in different tidal zones would exhibit distinct “metabolic phenotypes,” a term we use to collectively describe the organisms’ baseline metabolic performance and capacity. To investigate this hypothesis, we collected acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula) from low, mid, and high intertidal positions in San Luis Obispo Bay, CA, and measured a suite of biochemical (whole-animal citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and aerial [D-lactate]), physiological (O2 consumption rates), morphological (body size), and behavioral (e.g., cirri beat frequency and percentage of time operculum open) indices of metabolism. We found tidal zone-dependent differences in B. glandula metabolism that primarily related to anaerobic capacity, cirral activity patterns, and body size. Barnacles from the low intertidal tended to have a greater capacity for anaerobic metabolism (i.e., increased LDH activity and increased baseline [D-lactate]), have reduced cirral beating activity—and presumably reduced feeding—when submerged, and be smaller in size compared to conspecifics in the high intertidal. We did not, however, see any D-lactate accumulation in barnacles from any tidal height throughout 96 h of air exposure. This trend indicates that the enhanced capacity of low intertidal barnacles for anaerobic metabolism may have evolved to support metabolism during more prolonged episodes of emersion or during events other than emersion (e.g., coastal hypoxia and predation). There were also no significant differences in CS activity or baseline O2 consumption rates (in air or seawater at 14°C) across tidal heights, which imply that aerobic metabolic capacity may not be as sensitive to tidal position as anaerobic processes. Understanding how individuals occupying different shore heights differ in their metabolic capacity becomes increasingly interesting in the context of global climate change, given that the intertidal zone is predicted to experience even greater extremes in abiotic stress.
How Resource Scarcity Influences the Preference for Counterhedonic Consumption
Authors: Yang Haiyang , Zhang Kuangjie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Eight studies show that resource scarcity can influence consumers’ preference for counterhedonic consumption and that the sense of control is an underlying driver of this effect. Using a large-scale field dataset covering 82 countries over a 10-year period, study 1 showed that individuals from countries with greater resources consumed horror movies to a greater extent, but this pattern was not found for other movie genres such as romance or documentary. The remaining studies used diverse experimental approaches and counterhedonic consumption contexts (e.g., movie, novel, haunted house attraction, game) to provide causal and process evidence. Specifically, inducing perceived resource scarcity lowered participants’ preference for counterhedonic consumption (studies 2A–2C). Consistent with the sense-of-control-based mechanism, experimentally lowering participants’ sense of control or boosting it moderated the effect of perceived resource scarcity on their preference for counterhedonic consumption (studies 3A and 3B). The degradation of the sense of control due to perceived resource scarcity mediated the effect (studies 4 and 5). These results add to the literature on conterhedonic consumption as well as resource scarcity and have important managerial implications.
Development of a rapid multiplex PCR assay for the detection of common pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Koo Seok Hwee , Jiang Boran , Lim Pei Qi , La My-Van , Tan Thean Yen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases and is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity globally. A microbial cause was not determined in a sizable percentage of patients with CAP; there are increasing data to suggest regional differences in bacterial aetiology. We devised a multiplex real-time PCR assay for detecting four microorganisms (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Burkholderia pseudomallei) of relevance to CAP infections in Asia.

Methods
Analytical validation was accomplished using bacterial isolates (n=10–33 of each target organism for analytical sensitivity and n=117 for analytical sensitivity) and clinical validation using 58 culture-positive respiratory tract specimens.

Results
The qPCR assay exhibited 100% analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity, and 100% clinical sensitivity and 94–100% clinical specificity. The limit of detection and efficiency for the multiplex PCR assay were 3–33 CFU/mL and 93–110%, respectively. The results showed that the PCR-based method had higher sensitivity than traditional culture-based methods. The assay also demonstrated an ability to semiquantify bacterial loads.

Conclusion
We have devised a reliable laboratory-developed multiplex qPCR assay, with a turnaround time of within one working day, for detection of four clinically important CAP-associated microorganisms in Asia. The availability of a test with improved diagnostic capabilities potentially leads to an informed choice of antibiotic usage and appropriate management of the patient to achieve a better treatment outcome and financial savings.
Coronavirus disease 2019 and pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Tan Jonathan M. , Disma Nicola , Matava Clyde T. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide the latest evidence for delivering safe and effective anesthesia care for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to highlight continuing gaps in the literature.

Recent findings
Safe and efficient care of pediatric patients with COVID-19 can be delivered with the proper planning, coordination, supplies, and staff preparation. From the start of the pandemic, pediatric anesthesiologists from around the world contributed important insights and shared experience as to how best to adapt anesthesia care for children with COVID-19 requiring general anesthesia and sedation. Although initial efforts focused on creating safe airway management processes, the role of anesthesiologists as perioperative leaders quickly extended to ensuring well-coordinated management of COVID-19 patients throughout the hospital for procedures, including preprocedure testing, patient transport, operating room setup, and ensuring the safety of staff. Several important areas remain not well studied including, the timing of rescheduling elective procedures following COVID-19 infection, the perioperative implications of re-infection, and future considerations of managing vaccinated children.

Summary
Pediatric anesthesia care can be safely delivered to children with COVID-19 and after COVID-19 infection. More attention needs to be focused on the perioperative management of COVID-19 children in recovery requiring anesthesia.