bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-grained Load Balancing with Traffic-aware Rerouting in DataCenter Networks
Authors: Zhang Tao , Lei Yasi , Zhang Qianqiang , Zou Shaojun , Huang Juan , Li Fangmin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modern datacenters provide a wide variety of application services, which generate a mix of delay-sensitive short flows and throughput-oriented long flows, transmitting in the multi-path datacenter network. Though the existing load balancing designs successfully make full use of available parallel paths and attain high bisection network bandwidth, they reroute flows regardless of their dissimilar performance requirements. The short flows suffer from the problems of large queuing delay and packet reordering, while the long flows fail to obtain high throughput due to low link utilization and packet reordering. To address these inefficiency, we design a fine-grained load balancing scheme, namely TR (Traffic-aware Rerouting), which identifies flow types and executes flexible and traffic-aware rerouting to balance the performances of both short and long flows. Besides, to avoid packet reordering, TR leverages the reverse ACKs to estimate the switch-to-switch delay, thus excluding paths that potentially cause packet reordering. Moreover, TR is only deployed on the switch without any modification on end-hosts. The experimental results of large-scale NS2 simulations show that TR reduces the average and tail flow completion time for short flows by up to 60% and 80%, as well as provides up to 3.02x gain in throughput of long flows compared to the state-of-the-art load balancing schemes.
The Association Between Temperature and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Yatim Ahmad Norazhar Mohd , Latif Mohd Talib , Sof Nurzawani Md , Ahamad Fatimah , Khan Md Firoz , Mahiyuddin Wan Rozita Wan , Sahani Mazrura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between daily temperature and mortality in the Klang Valley, Malaysia over the period 2006 – 2015. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the association between mean temperature and mortality categories (natural, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease). Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below than 10 micrometer (PM10) and surface ozone (O3) has been adjusted as a potential confounding factor. Both cold and heat effects were associated with mortality categories. The relative risks of natural mortality associated with an extreme cold temperature (1st percentile of temperature, 25.2 °C) and an extreme hot temperature (99th percentile of temperature, 30.2 °C) relative to the minimum mortality temperature (28.2 °C) were 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.41) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.32) for lag 0-21, respectively. Heat effects were immediate whereas cold effects were delayed and lasted longer. People with respiratory diseases, the elderly and women were the most vulnerable groups when it came to the effects of extremely high temperatures. The extreme temperatures did not dramatically change the temperature-mortality risk estimates made before and after adjustments for air pollutant (PM10 and O3) levels.
Antiferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic Spintronics: Transport in the Two-dimensional Ferromagnet and the Role of In-chain and Inter-chain Interactions
Authors: Lima L. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spin-transport and current-induced torques in ferromagnet heterostruc-tures given by a ferromagnetic domain wall are investigated. Furthermore , the continuum spin conductivity is studied in a frustrated spin system given by the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with ferromagnetic in-chain interaction J 1 < 0 between nearest neighbors and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor in-chain interaction J 2 > 0 with aim to investigate the effect of the phase diagram of the critical ion single anisotropy D c as a function of J 2 on conductivity. We consider the model with the moderate strength of the frustrating parameter such that in-chain spin-spin correlations that are predominantly ferromagnetic. In addition, we consider two inter-chain couplings J ⊥,y and J ⊥,z , corresponding to the two axes perpendicular to chain where ferromagnetic as well as antiferromagnetic interactions are taken into account.
Historical trends in Crop Water demand over Semi-Arid region of Syria
Authors: Homsi Rajab , Shahid Shamsuddin , Iqbal Zafar , Ali Atif Muhammad , Ziarh Ghaith Falah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climate change has caused a shift in aridity, particularly in the dry regions of the world which may subsequently affect several sectors predominantly the agricultural and water resources. This research examined the climate change effects on crop water demand (CWD) in Syria over the period 1951–2010. Given the lack of observed data, this analysis relied on (GPCC) precipitation and (CRU) temperature data from 1951 to 2010. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) at each grid was calculated using Penman-Monteith method and FAO-56 model was used to calculate the crop water demand (CWD). The analysis revealed that CWD in Syria increased from 1981 to 2010 when compared to 1951–1980.The increase in CWD has been found for all the crops except wheat, whereas the maximum changes are found during April, and May. The differences in CWD for Barley between the two periods were found to be in the range of -20 to 40 mm. A decrease in CWD observed in the south of the country. However, a rise in 0 to 20 mm range was also discovered in the north. The CWD for wheat was found to decline in most parts of the country. However, it was found to increase in the north. The increase in CWD for barley and wheat has increased agricultural water stress in the region. Several agriculture planning needs to be developed in accordance with the expected future climate changes in order to maintain the agricultural production in the region.
Prompt Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Left Ventricular Unloading by IMPELLA Improves Outcome of Patients with Refractory Cardiac Arrest: A Single-Site Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Unoki Takashi , Tamura Yudai , Hirai Motoko , Suzuyama Hiroto , Inoue Masayuki , Yamamuro Megumi , Taguchi Eiji , Sawamura Tadashi , Nakao Koichi , Sakamoto Tomohiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) using venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a novel lifesaving method for refractory cardiac arrest (CA). However, VA-ECMO increases damaged left ventricular (LV) afterload. The percutaneous microaxial pump, Impella, can reduce LV preload with simultaneous circulatory support, which may have significant effect on clinical outcome by concomitant use of VA-ECMO and IMPELLA (ECPELLA). In the current retrospective cohort study, we assessed factors affecting outcome of CA patients who underwent E-CPR.Method: We retrospectively reviewed 149 consecutive CA patients with E-CPR from January 2012 through December 2020 in our institute. Patients were divided into three groups, ECEPLLA (n=29), IABP + VA-ECMO (n=78), and single VA-ECMO (n=42). We assessed 30-day survival and neurological outcome using the Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC). Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, out of hospital CA, acute coronary syndrome among groups. The ECPELLA showed the highest cumulative 30-day survival (ECPELLA: 55%, IABP + VA-ECMO: 23%, VA-ECMO: 9.5; p=0.001) and the rates of CPC score 1 or 2 (ECPELLA: 31%, IABP + VA-ECMO: 13%, VA-ECMO: 7%; p=0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.52, P=0.005) and Time from CA to ECMO support (HR, 1.22, 95%CI, 1.13-1.31, P<0.0001) and ECPELLA (HR, 0.46, 95%CI, 0.24-0.88, P=0.02) were significantly associated with the clinical outcome. Conclusion: Earlier initiation of E-CPR is critical to improve patient survival and neurological outcome. Additional Impella support, ECPELLA, appears to significantly improve the clinical outcome.
Feature Interaction in Smart Environments
Authors: Jesus Luis Emanuel Neves , Claro Daniela Barreiro , Rios Tatiane Nogueira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects many devices daily together in the same environment. Each device may follow the set of rules from a static environment. A static environment is usually controlled by an expert who knows all the necessary rules to provide this environment. The violation of one rule can cause a feature interaction. A feature interaction occurs when two or more devices generate instability in an environment. In a dynamic environment like IoT, devices' inclusion, and exclusion make it impossible for an expert to maintain all these rules up-to-date. It is necessary to provide an automatic solution to avoid violating these rules and maintain the environment's good performance. Thus, this work introduces a new approach to detect a feature interaction in dynamic environments automatically. Almost all previous work provide static rules defined by an expert in a controlled environment to detect an interaction. However, this is not possible in dynamic environments because of the number of device interactions and the number of device connections in/out, which grow exponentially in IoT environments. We started with a lightweight systematic review to better position our research, and then we identified one gap to provide our solution. Thus, our method learns to detect the interactions based on data analysis and then automatically predict the device detections in IoT environments. Datasets were manually annotated. Experiments were performed, and results provide evidence that automatic detection of a set of device interactions is possible in similar or either in complementary domains.
Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Disease Increases Risk of Atrial Arrhythmia in Cancer Patients Treated with Ibrutinib
Authors: Avalon Juan Carlo , Fuqua Jacob , Miller Tyler , Deskins Seth , Wakefield Chelby , King Austin , Inderbitzin-Brooks Sonya , Bianco Christopher , Veltri Lauren , Fang Wei , Craig Michael , Kanate Abraham , Ross Kelly , Malla Midhun , Patel Brijesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:

Ibrutinib is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. The most common cardiotoxicity associated with ibrutinib is atrial arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation and flutter). It is known that patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at an increased risk for developing atrial arrhythmia. However, the rate of atrial arrhythmia in patients with pre-existing CVD treated with ibrutinib is unknown.
Objective:

This study examined whether patients with pre-existing CVD are at a higher risk for developing atrial arrhythmias compared to those without prior CVD.
Methods:

A single-institution retrospective chart review of patients with no prior history of atrial arrhythmia treated with ibrutinib from 2012 to 2020 was performed. Patients were grouped into two cohorts: those with CVD (known history of coronary artery disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, at least moderate valvular heart disease, or device implantation) and those without CVD. The primary outcome was incidence of atrial arrhythmia, and the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, risk of bleeding, and discontinuation of ibrutinib.
Results:

Patients were followed for a median of 1.1 years. Among 217 patients treated with ibrutinib, the rate of new-onset atrial arrhythmia was nearly threefold higher in the cohort with CVD compared to the cohort without CVD (17% vs 7%, p = 0.02). Patients with CVD also demonstrated increased adjusted all-cause mortality (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.06–3.41, p = 0.01) and decreased survival probability (43% vs 54%, p = 0.04) compared to those without CVD over the follow-up period.
Conclusions:

Pre-existing cardiovascular disease was associated with significantly higher rates of atrial arrhythmia and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies managed with ibrutinib.
Prevalence and Patterns of Male Infertility Based on Semen Analysis in Patients Visiting Massawa Hospital; Eritrea: Cross-Sectional Study; 2020
Authors: Tesfai Berhe , Kibreab Fitsum , Gebremariam Hailemichael , Abraham Liwam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Semen analysis is the first step to identify male factor infertility. World Health Organization estimates that male factor accounts for 50% of couple sub-fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of male factor infertility based on semen analysis in patients visiting Massawa Hospital with infertility complaints.
Methods

It was a retrospective, descriptive cross sectional hospital based type of study with a census sampling method. Patient’s medical records and hospital laboratory register were used to retrieve semen analysis results of patients from June 2018 to June 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research and Ethical Review Committee. Confidentiality of patients records kept was secured and consent was obtained from study participants to use their data. Results were presented in frequency, tables and p value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results

A total of 112 patients data was analyzed in the study with 49.1% were aged between 20 to 30 years. The prevalence of male factor infertility in these patients was found to be 42% and 79.5% of them had primary type of infertility. Of the study participants; 63 (56.3%), 72 (64.3%) and 70 (62.5%) had sperm count < 15 million sperms/ml, sperm motility < 40 % and morphology of < 60% respectively. One tenth, 15 (13.4%) of the patients had a semen volume of < 1.5ml/ejaculate, out of which 13(86.7%) had primary type of infertility. Moreover; 72 (64.3%) patients had total sperm count/ejaculate of < 39 million and 59 (82%) of these had primary type of infertility. In addition; 50.8% and 50% of patients aged 20 to 30 years had a sperm count < 15 million/ml and sperm motility of < 40% respectively.
Conclusion

The prevalence of male factor infertility was slightly higher and was dominated with primary infertility. Most patients had lower sperm count, sperm motility but higher semen volume, and majority of the patients with abnormal sperm results were aged between 20 to 30 years. Further prospective researches to determine the risk factors for male infertility and introducing assisted type of fertility in Eritrea are highly recommended.
A Realistic Greenland Ice Sheet and Surrounding Glaciers and Ice Caps Melting in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Devilliers Marion , Swingedouw Didier , Mignot Juliette , Deshayes Julie , Garric Gilles , Ayache Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Greenland ice sheet experienced an intensive melting in the last century, especially in the 1920s and over the last decades. The supplementary input into the ocean could disrupt the freshwater budget of the North Atlantic. Simultaneously, some signs of a recent weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) have been reported. In order to better understand the possible impact of the increasing melting on the North Atlantic circulation, salinity and temperature trends, we construct an observation-based estimate of the freshwater fluxes spanning from 1840 to 2014. The estimate is based on runoff fluxes coming from Greenland ice sheet and surrounding glaciers and ice caps. Input from iceberg melting is also included and spatially distributed over the North Atlantic following an observed climatology. We force a set of historical simulations of the IPSL-CM6A-LR coupled climate model with this reconstruction from 1920 to 2014. The ten-member ensemble mean displays freshened and cooled waters around Greenland, which spread in the subpolar gyre, and then towards the subtropical gyre and the Nordic Seas. Over the whole period, the convection is reduced in the Labrador and Nordic Seas, while it is slightly enhanced in the Irminger Sea, and the AMOC is weakened by 0.32±0.35 Sv at 26°N. The multi-decadal trend of the North Atlantic surface temperature obtained with the additional freshwater forcing is slightly closer to observations than in standard historical simulations, although the two trends are only different at the 90% confidence level. Slight improvement of the Root Mean Square Error with respect to observations in the subpolar gyre region suggests that part of the surface temperature variability over the recent decades may have been forced by the release of freshwater from Greenland and surrounding regions since the 1920s. Finally, we highlight that the AMOC decrease due to Greenland melting remains modest in these simulations and can only explain a very small amount of the 3±1 Sv weakening suggested in a recent study.
What Determines the Final Place of Care of Advanced Cancer Patients Receiving Integrated Home-based Palliative Care?: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tay RiYin , Choo Rozenne WK , Ong WahYing , Hum Allyn YM 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Meeting patients' preferences for place of care at the end-of-life is an indicator of quality palliative care. Understanding the elements required for terminal care within an integrated model may inform policy and practice to increase the likelihood of meeting preferences. Hence, this study aims to identify factors associated with the final place of care of advanced cancer patients receiving integrated home-based palliative care.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included deceased adult advanced cancer patients enrolled into the home-based service from January 2016-December 2018. Patients with <2 weeks enrolment or ≤1-week duration at the final place of care were excluded. Independent variables included patients’ and families’ characteristics, care preferences, healthcare utilization, functional status and symptom severity assessed using the Palliative Performance Scale (PPSv2) and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System respectively. The dependent variable was the final place of care. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent determinants and Kappa value evaluated goal-concordance.ResultsOf the 359 eligible patients, home was the most common final place of care (58.2%), followed by inpatient hospice (23.7%) and hospital (16.7%). Single or divorced patients with older family caregivers had a 5.5 (95% CI:1.1-27.8) and 3.1 (95% CI:1.1-8.8) odds respectively of receiving terminal care in inpatient hospice. A PPSv2≥40% and pain score ≥2 increased the odds by 9.1 (95% CI:3.3-24.8) and 3.6 (95% CI:1.3-9.8) times respectively, while non-home death preference increased it by 23.8 (95% CI:5.4-105.1) times. In predicting hospitalization, males had a 3.2 (95% CI:1.0-9.9) odds while a PPSv2≥40% and pain score ≥2 increased the odds by 8.6 (95% CI:2.9-26.0) and 3.5 (95% CI:1.2-10.3) times respectively. Non-home death preference increased it by 9.8 (95% CI:2.1-46.3) times, all p<0.05. Goal-concordance was fair (72.6%, kappa=0.39).ConclusionsHigher functional status, greater pain intensity and non-home death preference predicted institutionalization as the final place of care. Additionally, single or divorced patients with older family caregivers were more likely to receive terminal care in inpatient hospice while males were more likely to be hospitalized. Despite an integrated care model, goal-concordance was suboptimal. More comprehensive community networks and resources, better pain control and personalized care planning discussions are recommended. Future research could examine factors in non-cancer patients.
Predictive Value of Sialidase in the Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections: a Cross-section Study Based on Vaginal Microecology Evaluation System
Authors: Liu Ying , Hao Jiatao , Zhao Haoyi , Wang Xiaowei , Wang Weihong , An Ruifang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether any indexes of vaginal microecology evaluation system (VMES) could predict sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: A total of 1032 women, who presented to Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between November 2016 and November 2020, were included in the study. Incident STIs was defined as any case of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and were confirmed using the RNA-based simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) assay. VEMS is structured in two parts, one is the morphological characterizations encompassing bacterial density, flora diversity, predominant flora, pathogenic microorganisms and indicators of inflammation, the other is the functional indexes, including vaginal pH, cleanliness, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sialidase, β-glucuronidase, leukocyte esterase, and acetylglucosaminidase. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed by Gram stain (Nugent score). Associations were mainly assessed using logistic regression (LR).Results: SAT assay detected STIs in 64 (6.2%) of the 1032 samples tested and 136 (13.2%) women had a clinical BV diagnosis using Nugent score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women with sialidase-positive were more likely to test positive for STIs (aOR=3.081, 95% CI=1.586-5.984, P=0.001). Of 896 women without clinical BV, significant association was also found for sialidase and STIs (aOR =4.133, 95% CI= 1.140-14.978, P=0.031).Conclusions: Sialidase may be a useful indicator to help clinicians identify these women who are at risk for STIs, especially in the absence of BV population.
Type I and Ii Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum in Infants-10-year Experience in Initial Surgery at One Center
Authors: Song Hailong , Chen Ziying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the effect of initial surgery for type I and II pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS). Methods: Patients with type I and II PA/IVS undergoing initial surgery were enrolled, including type I with systemic to pulmonary (BT) shunt+patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation+mosaic surgery (surgical A), BT shunt+PDA ligation+pulmonary valve incision without extracorporeal circulation (surgical B), type II with BT shunt+PDA ligation+right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) incision+transpulmonary annulus patch (TP) (surgical C), and BT shunt+PDA ligation+RVOT incision+TP+artificial pulmonary valve (surgical D). Mechanical ventilation time (MVT), length of ICU stay, mortality rate, tricuspid Z value (TZ), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), McGoon ratio, oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulmonary transvalvular pressure (PTP), pulmonary regurgitation (PR), survival rate and re-operation rate were compared between surgical A and B, and between surgical C and D.Results: After surgery, PR was greater by surgical A than by surgical B at 1 month (P<0.05); lower TZ and McGoon ratio and greater PR, PTP and TR at 3 months (P<0.05); lower SpO2 (P<0.05), greater PTP at 6 months (P<0.01); greater TR and PTP at 1 year (P<0.05). MVT and length of ICU stay were longer by surgical C than by surgical D (P<0.05). There was greater PR at discharge and 1 month (P<0.01); greater TR and PR, lower McGoon ratio and SpO2 at 3 months (P<0.05); lower TZ and PTP and greater PR and PTP at 6 months (P<0.05) and 1 year (P<0.01) respectively.Conclusion: Surgical B and D are superior to surgical A and C respectively.