bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal relationship between osteoarthritis and comorbidities: a combined case control and cohort study in the UK primary care setting
Authors: Swain Subhashisa , Coupland Carol , Mallen Christian , Kuo Chang Fu , Sarmanova Aliya , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , Englund Martin , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the burden of comorbidities in OA and their temporal relationships in the UK.

Methods
The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD was used to identify people with incident OA and age, gender and practice matched non-OA controls from UK primary care. Controls were assigned the same index date as matched cases (date of OA diagnosis). Associations between OA and 49 individual comorbidities and multimorbidities (two or more comorbidities excluding OA) both before and after OA diagnosis were estimated, adjusting for covariates, using odds ratios (aORs) and hazard ratios (aHRs), respectively.

Results
During 1997–2017, we identified 221 807 incident OA cases and 221 807 matched controls. Of 49 comorbidities examined, 38 were associated with OA both prior to and following the diagnosis of OA and 2 (dementia and systemic lupus erythematosus) were associated with OA only following the diagnosis of OA. People with OA had a higher risk of developing heart failure [aHR 1.63 (95% CI 1.56, 1.71)], dementia [aHR 1.62 (95% CI 1.56, 1.68)], liver diseases [aHR 1.51 (95% CI 1.37, 1.67)], irritable bowel syndrome [aHR 1.51 (95% CI 1.45, 1.58)], gastrointestinal bleeding [aHR 1.49 (95% CI 1.39, 1.59)], 10 musculoskeletal conditions and 25 other conditions following OA diagnosis. The aOR for multimorbidity prior to the index date was 1.71 (95% CI 1.69, 1.74), whereas the aHR for multimorbidity after the index date was 1.29 (95% CI 1.28, 1.30).

Conclusions
People with OA are more likely to have other chronic conditions both before and after the OA diagnosis. Further study on shared aetiology and causality of these associations is needed.
Asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium infection during non-transmission season: a community-based cross-sectional study in two districts of North Eastern Region, India
Authors: Shankar Hari , Phookan Sobhan , Singh Mrigendra Pal , Bharti Ram Suresh , Ahmed Naseem , Yadav Chander Prakash , Sharma Guru Prasad , Singh Kuldeep , Kaur Harpreet , Mishra Neelima 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Malaria elimination requires targeting asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infections that largely remain undetected. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection using conventional and molecular diagnostics.

Methods
A total of 9118 participants, irrespective of age and sex, were screened for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Among the participants, 707 presented with symptoms and 8411 without symptoms, of which Plasmodium was present in 15.6% (110/707) and 8.1% (681/8411), respectively. Low-density infection was found in 5.1% (145/2818) of participants and 8327 of 9118 were Plasmodium negative. Endemicity was propotional to asymptomatic infections (high endemicity 11.1% [404/3633] vs low endemicity 5.8% [277/4778]; odds ratio [OR] 2.0 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.7 to 2.4]) but inversely related to low-density infection (high endemicity 3.7% [57/1545] vs low endemicity 6.9% [88/1273]; OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.7]). The spleen rate in children 2–9 y of age was 17.9% (602/3368) and the enlarged spleen index was 1.6. Children between 8 and 14 y showed higher odds for asymptomatic (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.75 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.2]) and low-density infections (aOR 0.63 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.0)] than adults.

Conclusions
The prevalence of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection undermines the usefulness of standard diagnostic tools used by health agencies. This necessitates deploying molecular tools in areas where malaria microscopy/RDTs indicate a dearth of infection.
Development of a Model for In‐Vitro Comparative Absorption of Magnesium from Five Magnesium Sources Commonly Used as Dietary Supplements
Authors: Hartle Jennifer W , Morgan Shane , Poulsen Tanoya 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a model system to mimic the intestinal absorption of magnesium when administered as a dietary supplement and then test various magnesium sources in the system. Caco‐2 cells (ATCC HTB‐37) were seeded in welled culture plates and allowed to mature for 21 days. Maturity was determined by stable trans‐epithelial conductivity measurements. The model was developed by evaluating applicable concentration ranges and incubation times. The optimum conditions for application of magnesium to the cells were determined to be 50 mM concentrations for four hours to 6 well culture plates. Absorption of the cation was determined enzymatically from the fluid in the basal chamber. After determining the model, magnesium bisglycinate (MgBG), magnesium bisglycinate with magnesium oxide (MgBuf), dimagnesium malate (DMM), magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium citrate (MgCit) and a negative control were tested for absorption. It was found that all magnesium treatments had significantly elevated Mg content in the basal side (p<0.05). Within the magnesium treatments MgBG had the highest absorption of Mg (p<0.05). MgBuf had a numerically lower absorption result than MgBG but was statistically similar. DMM was greater than MgCit and MgO (p<0.05) but was not statistically different from MgBG although it was numerically less. MgCit and MgO were numerically similar and statistically equivalent. MgCit and MgO also exhibited lower absorption than MgBG, MgBuf and DMM. It was concluded that this model is an effective method for determining intestinal absorption of magnesium compounds as would be found in dietary supplements. It was also concluded that magnesium bisglycinate had the greatest absorption and transport across the intestinal epithelial layer and may be the most bioavailable of the compounds tested.Support or Funding InformationAlbion
Macrophages are part of cause, not consequence, in PAH
Authors: Talati Megha , Gladson Santhi , Blackwell Tom , Shay Sheila , Hamid Rizwan , West James 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAlthough pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease, increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cells play an equally important role in progression of this disease. PAH can thus be thought of as a failure to effectively resolve pulmonary vascular injury. Because PAH is mostly associated with mutations in the bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) or suppression of BMP pathway we sought test the hypothesis that BMPR2 mutant macrophages contribute to achieving a sustaining pulmonary vascular injury causing right ventricular dysfunction.MethodsWe used two mouse models: 1] the Rosa26‐rtTA2 3 X TetO7‐Bmpr2delx4 FVB/N mice (BMPR2 mutant mouse), in which mutant Bmpr2 is universally expressed; and 2] the LysM‐Cre X floxed BMPR2 X floxed eGFP monocyte lineage‐specific BMPR2 knockout mouse model (macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mouse), in which Bmpr2 expression is completely knockdown in cells of monocytic lineage. The BMPR2 mutant mice were given weekly liposomal clodronate injections for 4 weeks to eliminate macrophages. The macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mice underwent sugen‐hypoxia treatment for 3 weeks to cause pulmonary vascular injury.ResultsIn the BMPR2 mutant mice, following transgene activation for 6 weeks there was significant increase (p<0.05) in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) as compared to control mice. However, elimination of macrophages using clodronate normalized RVSP in BMPR2 mutant mice (p<0.05) suggesting that macrophages are required for development of BMPR2 related PAH in animal model of PAH with mutant Bmpr2. In the untreated macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mouse the RVSP were moderately increased compared to the control littermates. With sugen hypoxia treatment there was a significant increase in RVSP in both control and macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mouse. However, in the macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mouse there was significant increase in RVSP compared to control littermates. Further, in sugen‐hypoxia treated macrophage specific BMPR2 KO mouse lung, by immunofluorescence, we were able to demonstrate incorporation of macrophages in walls of pulmonary vessels suggesting that BMPR2 KO macrophages play a role in vascular remodeling of pulmonary vessels in animal model of PAH as a result of vascular injury.ConclusionOur results indicate that mutant BMPR2 macrophages are important in progression of disease in animal models PAH and suggest that macrophages are central in failure to resolve ongoing pulmonary vascular injury. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind failure to resolve vascular injury, which will be central to develop novel therapeutic interventions.Support or Funding Information2R01HL95797
Acute Effects of Cigarette on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 and Aortic Intima Media Thickness “Cigarette smoke–induced pro-atherogenic changes”
Authors: Ardiana Meity , Santoso Anwar , Hermawan Hanestya O. , Nugraha Ricardo A. , Pikir Budi S. , Suryawan I Gde Rurus 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCigarette smoking could induce endothelial dysfunction and increase of circulating markers of inflammation by activation of monocytes. This can lead to the increased of intima media thickness (IMT) of entire blood vessel and result acceleration of atherosclerosis process. However, to our knowledge, little is known about the role of cigarette smoking in this atherosclerotic inflammatory process.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the link between cigarette smoking on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1).MethodsAn experimental study with post-test only controlled group design was used in this study. We used 18 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) randomly subdivided into 2 groups, group K (−) were given no tobacco smoking exposed, whereas group K (+) were exposed to 40 cigarettes smokes daily. After 28 days, samples were analyzed for e-NOS, VCAM-1 and aortic IMT.ResultsOur results indicate that tobacco smoke can enhance the expression of VCAM-1 on mouse cardiac vascular endothelial cell, resulting in decreased expression of e-NOS level and increased of aortic IMT. Linear regression model found that eNOS level negatively correlated wiith aortic IMT (r2= 0.584, β = −0.764,p< 0.001), whereas VCAM-1 expression did not correlate with aortic IMT (r2= 0.197,p= 0.065).ConclusionLow e-NOS level and high VCAM-1 level observed following after cigarette smoke exposure may increase aortic IMT.Clinical significanceIncreasing evidence suggests that cigarette smoke exposure could induce VCAM-1 (enhance pro-atherogenic property),and decreased of e-NOS level (anti-atherogenic depletion). Thus, cigarette smoke may represent a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis by increasing aortic IMT. This evidence is discussed herein.
Identifying long non-coding RNAs and characterizing their functional roles in swine mammary gland from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis
Authors: Shi Lijun , Zhang Longchao , Wang Ligang , Liu Xin , Gao Hongmei , Hou Xinhua , Yan Hua , Zhao Fuping , Cai Wentao , Wang Lixian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in milk biological processes. While, little is known about the identification and function of swine lncRNAs in response to mammary gland development. Here, we identified 286 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs in mammary gland at different stages from 14 days prior to (-) parturition to day 1 after (+) parturition using the published RNA-seq data. The expression pattern of these DE lncRNAs was examined, and most of lncRNAs expressions were strongly changed from Day −2 to Day +1. Functional annotation revealed that the DE lncRNAs were mainly involved in the mammary gland developing, lactation developing, milk composition metabolism and colostrum function. By performing the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 7 out of 12 lncRNA-mRNA modules, including 35 lncRNAs and 319 mRNAs, which were highly associated with the mammary gland at Day −14, Day −2 and Day +1. Integrated analysis of the DE lncRNAs expression pattern examination, targets prediction, function annotation and WGCNA suggested that 18 lncRNAs (such as,XLOC_020627, ENSSSCG00000051193, XLOC_025150, ENSSSCG00000042618, XLOC_963181, ENSSSCG00000051701, XLOC_018030, andXLOC_025146) and their 20 target genes (such as,ACTN4, ADCY1, CSN3, SMO, CSN2, PRKAG2, FIBCD1, andGALNT7), were considered as the promising candidates for swine parturition and colostrum occurrence processes. Our research provided the insights into lncRNA profiles and their regulating mechanisms from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis in swine.
Development of a Semantically Related Emotional and Neutral Stimulus Set
Authors: Barnacle Gemma E. , Madan Christopher R. , Talmi Deborah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen measuring memory performance for emotional and neutral stimuli many studies are confounded by not controlling for differential semantic relatedness between stimulus sets. This could lead to the misattribution of the cause of an emotional enhancement of memory effect (EEM), because differential semantic relatedness also contributes to the EEM. Participants rated static visual emotional and neutral scenes on measures of arousal, valence, and semantic relatedness. These measures were used to create a novel stimulus set, which – in addition to demonstrating significant differences in measures of valence and arousal – also controlled for within-set semantic relatedness; thus resolving a crucial issue that has not previously been addressed in the use of visual emotional stimuli. As an added advantage, the stimulus set developed here are controlled for measures of objective visual complexity, also implicated as confounding to the investigation of memory. This article introduces a collection of emotional and neutral colour images which can be organised flexibly according to experimental requirements. These stimuli are made freely available for non-commercial use within the scientific community.
Effect of luminal surface structure of decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior
Authors: Kobayashi Mako , Ohara Masako , Hashimoto Yoshihide , Nakamura Naoko , Fujisato Toshiya , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the number of cardiovascular diseases increases, artificial heart valves and blood vessels have been developed. Although cardiovascular application using decellularized tissue have been studied, the mechanism of their functionality is still unknown. To find the important factor for preparing decellularized cardiovascular prothesis which shows goodin vivoperformance, the effect of luminal surface structure of decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior was investigated. Various luminal surface structures of decellularized aorta were prepared by heating, drying and peeling. The luminal surface structure and collagen denaturation was evaluated by immunohistological staining, collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. To evaluate the effect of luminal surface structure of decellularized aorta on thrombus formation and cell behavior, blood clotting test and recellularization of endothelial cells and smooth muscular cells were performed. The results of blood clotting test showed that the closer the luminal surface structure is to native aorta, the higher the anti-coagulant property. From the result of cell seeding-test, it was suggested that vascular cells recognize the luminal surface structure and regulate adhesion, proliferation and functional expression. These results will provide important factor for preparing decellularized cardiovascular prothesis and lead to future development on decellularized cardiovascular applications.
Generation Y's dining out behavior
Authors: Okumus Bendegul , Ozturk Ahmet Bulent , Bilgihan Anil 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the dining out activities of Gen Y's in the United States. In particular, it focuses on dining frequency, restaurant selection, restaurant segments and demographic features of Gen Yers.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data for this study were collected from 631 Gen Y's living in the United States.FindingsThe research findings reveal a nascent exploration of eating out preferences of the Gen Y population in an industrialized country in the food service context.Research limitations/implicationsGeneration Y is a lucrative and growing customer group for the US foodservice industry. They dine out more frequently than the rest of the population and their dining out preferences are different from other cohorts.Originality/valueThis study offers some practical implications on Gen Y's dining out behavior for food service industry and restaurateurs.
Research note: important sub-streams for future visitor (trader) harassment research
Authors: Nicely Annmarie , Singh Shweta , Zhu Dan , Yoo Soyoung 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the types of mitigation strategies used around the world to tackle the harassment of visitors by microtraders, the target population for these strategies, the number and ratio of countries/territories where used and to posit ideas on how the academy may assist in improving their effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 247 archives from 73 countries/territories were analysed using typological analysis, cross tabulation and frequency analysis.

Findings
Eight broad strategies were found. The top three most common were: policing, media/communication and legislative strategies. In total, 79 specific strategies were also named. The strategies targeted various groups at the destination. This paper then concluded with eight sub-streams for future trader harassment of visitor research being identified. They are research focussing on criminological, learning, research design and data analysis, environmental planning and design, work analysis and design, communication, technological and social infrastructure solutions.

Originality/value
This paper was the first to look at trader harassment mitigation strategies globally and the first to propose sub-streams in the area of visitor harassment research.
K-12 teachers’ remote teaching self-efficacy during the pandemic
Authors: Cardullo Victoria , Wang Chih-hsuan , Burton Megan , Dong Jianwei 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between factors in the extended technology acceptance model (TAM) model and teachers' self-efficacy in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the authors sought to listen to classroom teachers as they expressed their unbiased views of the advantages, disadvantages and challenges of teaching remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA survey was employed to examine the relationship between factors in the extended TAM model and teachers' self-efficacy in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic using the 49-item questionnaire. A multiple regression analysis using a stepwise procedure was used to examine the relationship between factors in the extended TAM model and teachers' self-efficacy. Three open-ended questions closely examined remote teaching during the pandemic, related to challenges, advantages and disadvantages.FindingsQualitative findings challenges included Internet connection, lack of interaction and communication and challenges with motivation and student engagement. Disadvantages included teachers’ level of self-efficacy in using technology to teach, lack of support and resources to teach online and the struggle to motivate and engage students. Perceived benefits included flexibility for the teacher and differentiation, rich resources and a way to support learners when in-person instruction is not possible.Research limitations/implicationsThe data suggest that instead, during COVID-19, many teachers were learning about the platforms simultaneously as they were instructing students.Practical implicationsTo ensure quality remote instruction and that students receive the support to make instruction equitable, teachers need to perceive that their instructional technology needs are met to focus on teaching, learning and needs of their students.Social implicationsTeachers need opportunities to explore the platforms and to experience success in this environment before they are exposed to the high stakes of preparing students to meet K-12 standards.Originality/valueInstructional delivery has not explored teacher motivational and instructional teaching self-efficacy related to satisfaction with the learning management system (LMS).
DOCA‐salt hypertension and the role of the OVLT‐sympathetic‐gut microbiome axis
Authors: Pestana‐Oliveira Nayara , Nahey David B. , Hartson Rochelle , Weber Bonnie , Johnson Timothy J. , Collister John P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertension is a multifaceted condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors and estimated to cause 9.4 million deaths globally every year. Recently, there has been growing interest in understanding the gut microbe‐host interaction in the maintenance of health or disease states, but relatively few studies have shown an association between the gut microbiome and specific types of hypertension. The deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt model of hypertension in rats is known to have a neurogenic component linked to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. As such, our lab has recently shown the hypertensive response in DOCA treated rats requires an intact organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), a central hypothalamic circumventricular organ. Currently, we hypothesize the OVLT mediates changes in the gut microbiome associated with concomitant hypertension. Herein, we report that the hypertensive effects of DOCA‐salt treatment were significantly attenuated throughout the 24‐hour day/night cycle in OLVT lesioned rats on days 1, 3, and 9‐21 of DOCA treatment compared with sham rats. Increased blood pressure (BP) in DOCA‐salt treated rats was accompanied by specific changes in regional gut microbial populations yet was mitigated and offset by lesion of the OVLT. Furthermore, bacterial populations in OVLT‐lesioned rats with attenuated hypertension more closely resembled those in normal control rats. We conclude that DOCA‐salt hypertension is associated with specific microbiome changes in the gut, and the attenuated hypertensive effects of DOCA‐salt in OVLT‐lesioned rats is mediated in part through counteracting changes in these bacterial populations.