bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women's experiences of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in Japan: A qualitative study
Authors: Yamamoto Kayono , Chang Hyangri , Fukushima Akimune 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Japan, prenatal testing does not include a publicly insured routine health check‐up for pregnant women. Hence, taking advantage of such prenatal testing procedures is still not an option for a majority of Japanese women. However, social support systems for children and adults with disabilities have been developed with the assumption that people with disabilities will continue receiving support from their family members, especially their mothers. In this study, we described pregnant women's experiences regarding noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) within the context of their physical experiences during the NIPT process, Japanese society, and their medical circumstances. Women with no family history of genetic diseases or fetal disabilities and who had also received negative results after the NIPT explanation were recruited. Altogether, 15 women participated in the biographical narrative interview. The data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis and signified advanced age for pregnancy as a trigger for both the women's consideration regarding receiving NIPT and interventions from their families and social group members. Participants considered themselves as the main caretaker for the older adults and individuals with disabilities and thus were afraid of the multiple responsibilities inherent in this reality. They were also concerned about the impact on any other siblings if the baby had disabilities. In addition, participants encounter physical and mental changes during the timeframe of the NIPT processes. Hence, as their fetuses mature, the psychological bonds the women develop with them are constantly evolving, and participants with histories of miscarriages or possible miscarriages expressed concerned not only about the results of NIPT but also about the specific possibility of losing their child in any way. In conclusion, the continuous support of these women throughout the NIPT process and social efforts for the improvement of the welfare system for people with disabilities are required to utilize NIPT effectively.
Bone formation effect of highly concentrated tricalcium phosphate biocomposite screws in a rabbit osteoporosis model
Authors: Jeong Je Hoon , Jin Eun‐Sun , Kim Ji Yeon , Min JoongKee , Jeon Sang Ryong , Lee Minsu , Choi Kyoung Hyo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of highly concentrated tricalcium phosphate (TCP) biocomposite screws on local bone formation in a rabbit model of osteoporosis induced by bilateral ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Fourteen 24‐week‐old female New Zealand rabbits (weight, 3–3.5 kg) were divided into two groups: (1) OHE and biodegradable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) without ß–TCP plate or screw insertion (OHE/Bio ScRew [BSR]) group and (2) OHE and biocomposite PLGA with highly concentrated ß–TCP plate and screw insertion (OHE/highly concentrated ß–triCalcium phosphate [HCCP]). Both groups underwent bilateral OHE and had two different types of screws and plates inserted at the proximal tibia. Bilateral tibiae were extracted at 25 weeks post‐OHE. The extracted tibiae were scanned with ex vivo microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). Parameters including bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) were evaluated after staining the tibial samples with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome. We then performed pathological assessments. Micro‐CT images revealed improved new bone formation near the implant in the OHE/HCCP group with higher values of BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.N but lower values of Tb. Th and Tb. Sp than the OHE/BSR group. Analyses of H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed better new bone formation around the implant in the OHE/HCCP group than in the OHE/BSR group. The use of highly concentrated TCP biocomposite screw and plate might improve local bone formation and facilitate osteoconductivity in an osteoporotic rabbit model.
Location of brachial plexus birth injury affects functional outcomes in a rat model
Authors: Doshi Raveena M. , Reid Monique Y. , Dixit Nikhil N. , Fawcett Emily B. , Cole Jacqueline H. , Saul Katherine R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) results in shoulder and elbow paralysis with shoulder internal rotation and elbow flexion contracture as frequent sequelae. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for measuring functional movement and examine the effect of brachial plexus injury location (preganglionic and postganglionic) on functional movement outcomes in a rat model of BPBI, which we achieved through integration of gait analysis with musculoskeletal modeling and simulation. Eight weeks following unilateral brachial plexus injury, sagittal plane shoulder and elbow angles were extracted from gait recordings of young rats (n = 18), after which rats were sacrificed for bilateral muscle architecture measurements. Musculoskeletal models reflecting animal‐specific muscle architecture parameters were used to simulate gait and extract muscle fiber lengths. The preganglionic neurectomy group spent significantly less (p = 0.00116) time in stance and walked with significantly less (p < 0.05) elbow flexion and shoulder protraction in the affected limb than postganglionic neurectomy or control groups. Linear regression revealed no significant linear relationship between passive shoulder external rotation and functional shoulder protraction range of motion. Despite significant restriction in longitudinal muscle growth, normalized functional fiber excursions did not differ significantly between groups. In fact, when superimposed on a normalized force–length curve, neurectomy‐impaired muscle fibers (except subscapularis) accessed regions of the curve that overlapped with the control group. Our results suggest the presence of compensatory motor control strategies during locomotion following BPBI. The clinical implications of our findings support emphasis on functional movement analysis in treatment of BPBI, as functional and passive outcomes may differ substantially.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection in Western population: A multi‐institutional propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Bracale Umberto , Corcione Francesco , Pignata Giusto , Andreuccetti Jacopo , Dolce Pasquale , Boni Luigi , Cassinotti Elisa , Olmi Stefano , Uccelli Matteo , Gualtierotti Monica , Ferrari Giovanni , De Martini Paolo , Bjelović Miloš , Gunjić Dragan , Cuccurullo Diego , Sciuto Antonio , Pirozzi Felice , Peltrini Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn the setting of a minimally invasive approach, we aimed to compare short and long‐term postoperative outcomes of patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) + surgery or upfront surgery in Western population.MethodsAll consecutive patients from six Italian and one Serbian center with locally advanced gastric cancer who had undergone laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were selected between 2005 and 2019. After propensity score‐matching, postoperative morbidity and oncologic outcomes were investigated.ResultsAfter matching, 97 patients were allocated in each cohort with a mean age of 69.4 and 70.5 years. The two groups showed no difference in operative details except for a higher conversion rate in the NAT group (p = 0.038). The overall postoperative complications rate significantly differed between NAT + surgery (38.1%) and US (21.6%) group (p = 0.019). NAT was found to be related to a higher risk of postoperative morbidity in patients older than 60 years old (p = 0.013) but not in patients younger (p = 0.620). Conversely, no difference in overall survival (p = 0.41) and disease‐free‐survival (p = 0.34) was found between groups.ConclusionsNAT appears to be related to a higher postoperative complication rate and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared with surgery alone. However, poor short‐term outcomes are more evident in patients over 60 years old receiving NAT.
Joint‐sparing versus nonjoint‐sparing reconstruction of the radius following oncologic resection: A systematic review
Authors: Lunn Kiera , Hoftiezer Yannick , Lans Jonathan , van der Heijden Brigitte , Chen Neal , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A. 
Published: August 2021

Background and ObjectivesReconstructions of the distal radius are uncommon procedures. This systematic review compares joints‐sparing (JS) versus nonjoint‐sparing (NJS) reconstructions following oncologic resection of the distal radius.MethodsA search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Collected outcomes included patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), range of motion and grip strength, and complication and reoperation rates.ResultsA total of 52 nonrandomized cohort studies (n = 715) were included. PROMs were comparable between the cohorts, while the range of flexion‐extension was greater in JS reconstructions (78.1° vs. 25.6°) and the range of pronation‐supination was greater in NJS reconstructions (133.6° vs. 109.8°). Relative grip strength was greater following JS reconstruction (65.0% vs. 56.4%). About one in sixteen of the JS reconstructions were eventually revised to an NJS construct.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates that JS reconstructive techniques can offer satisfying results in patients treated for oncologic distal radius defects. However, about 6% of JS reconstructions are eventually revised to a NJS construct. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that affect or predict these findings, to aid in future in treatment selection and reduce the common need for reoperations following these procedures.
Perfluoro octanoic acid–modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine as a sorbent for the extraction of fluorine‐containing pesticides from water samples
Authors: Meng Zilin , Liu Zikai , Fan Jiaxuan , Li Jing , Zhou Wenfeng , Gao Haixiang , Lu Runhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerfluoro octanoic acid was modified on the surface of magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine by acid amine condensation. The morphology and chemical composition of perfluoro octanoic acid–modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, particle size analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Perfluoro octanoic acid–modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine was applied in magnetic solid phase extraction for the separation and enrichment of four fluorine‐containing pesticides (indoxacarb, metaflumizone, cyflumetofen, and cyhalothrin). The magnetic solid phase extraction method based on perfluoro octanoic acid–modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine has low method detection limits (0.30‒0.49 μg/L), a satisfactory coefficient of determination (0.9995‒0.9999), wide linear ranges (2.5‒250 μg/L), and good repeatability (intraday: 2.6‒4.7%; interday: 1.1‒7.9%). The enrichment factors and extraction efficiences varied from 55 to 76 and 69 to 96%, respectively. The sorbent‐to‐sorbent reproducibility was in the range of 3.2–7.6%, indicating that the synthesis of the sorbent was reliable. For the detection of actual water samples, the relative recoveries were in the range from 80.1 to 114.4% with relative standard deviations less than 9.6%. The calculation results of quantum chemistry calculations showed that after the modification of perfluoro octanoic acid, the interaction between the sorbent and four fluorine‐containing pesticides was stronger.
The Added Value of a Computer‐Aided Diagnosis System in Differential Diagnosis of Breast Lesions by Radiologists With Different Experience
Authors: Wei Qi , Zeng Shu‐E , Wang Li‐Ping , Yan Yu‐Jing , Wang Ting , Xu Jian‐Wei , Zhang Meng‐Yi , Lv Wen‐Zhi , Dietrich Christoph F. , Cui Xin‐Wu 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the value of the computer‐aided diagnosis system, S‐Detect (based on deep learning algorithm), in distinguishing benign and malignant breast masses and reducing unnecessary biopsy based on the experience of radiologists.MethodsFrom February 2018 to March 2019, 266 breast masses in 192 women were included in our study. Ultrasound (US) examination, including S‐Detect technique, was performed by the radiologist with about 10 years of clinical experience in breast US imaging. US images were analyzed by four other radiologists with different experience in breast imaging (radiologists 1, 2, 3, and 4 with 1, 4, 9, and 20 years, respectively) according to their clinical experience (with and without the results of S‐Detect). Diagnostic capabilities and unnecessary biopsy of radiologists and radiologists combined with S‐Detect were compared and analyzed.ResultsAfter referring to the results of S‐Detect, the changes made by less experienced radiologists were greater than experienced radiologists (benign or malignant, 44 vs 22 vs 14 vs 2; unnecessary biopsy, 34 vs 25 vs 10 vs 5). When combined with S‐Detect, less experienced radiologists showed significant improvement in accuracy, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under curve (P < .05), but not for experienced radiologists (P > .05). Similarly, the unnecessary biopsy rate of less experienced radiologists decreased significantly (44.4% vs 32.7%, P = .006; 36.8% vs 28.2%, P = .033), but not for experienced radiologists (P > .05).ConclusionsLess experienced radiologists rely more on S‐Detect software. And S‐Detect can be an effective decision‐making tool for breast US, especially for less experienced radiologists.
Estimating Population Growth and Recruitment Rates Across the Range of American Common Eiders
Authors: Giroux Jean‐François , Patenaude‐Monette Martin , Gilliland Scott G. , Milton G. Randy , Parsons Glen J. , Gloutney Mark L. , Mehl Katherine R. , Allen R. Bradford , McAuley Daniel G. , Reed Eric T. , McLellan Nic R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTSound management of bird populations rests upon an adequate understanding of their population dynamics. Our study evaluated recruitment and population growth rates of 14 American common eider (Somateria mollissima dresseri) colonies from Labrador, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Canada, and Maine, USA, during various periods between 1970 and 2019. We used Pradel mark‐recapture models to estimate colony‐specific growth rates and the relative contributions of survival and recruitment on growth. We also validated this approach using annual nest counts (~8,000 pairs) conducted between 2003 and 2019 during down harvest operations in 3 colonies located in the Saint Lawrence estuary in Quebec. There was generally a good agreement between estimates derived using the 2 approaches. We considered that capture‐recapture data were suitable to estimate population trends of common eiders in other colonies, especially for colonies where accurate nest monitoring is impaired by dense vegetation. The breeding abundance declined at major colonies in Maine and Nova Scotia and increased or was stable in Quebec and Labrador. Female survival contributed the most to population growth, but variation in recruitment among colonies was more important than variation in survival to explain population growth. Management measures should thus strive to maximize local recruitment in colonies with declining populations. The assumption that apparent survival probabilities were homogeneous throughout an individual capture history was violated at several colonies in Quebec and Labrador. Using recaptures and band recoveries, we showed that the lower apparent survival for newly marked individuals compared to females that had been recaptured at least once was caused by a difference in site fidelity rather than true survival. But <1% of recaptured females dispersed to another colony for breeding, indicating that the lower site fidelity could be related to heterogeneity in capture probability among individuals. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Giant Anteater Population Density Estimation and Viability Analysis Through Motion‐Sensitive Camera Records
Authors: Bertassoni Alessandra , Bianchi RITA DE CASSIA , Desbiez Arnaud Leonard Jean 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTGiant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) populations are decreasing throughout their range. We tested a methodology for individual identification using camera records and fur patterns to estimate the giant anteater population in a protected area of the Brazilian Cerrado. We identified 9 adult individuals and successfully modeled population abundance and density. Our models estimated an adult population of 16.8 (range = 15–19) giant anteaters through a mark‐resight approach and 12.5 individuals (range = 9.7–25.5) through a spatially explicit capture‐recapture approach. Density estimates were 0.3–0.4 animals/km2. Using these estimates, we performed a population viability analysis to understand and predict this population's future. We modeled scenarios without direct effects and models simulating a double carrying capacity and the supplementation and removal of individuals. Even in the more optimistic scenarios, the population is predicted to decreases over time, with ≤8 individuals remaining in 100 years. Given the study area surroundings, realistic models include removals of giant anteaters in the population. Identification of giant anteaters using cameras can inspire conservationists to acquire population data throughout its distribution and obtain population trends to evaluate the species' conservation status. Individual identification of giant anteaters using a motion‐sensitive camera design is feasible, opens new avenues for population analyses, and allows the study of population trends in difficult regions. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Airborne particulate concentration during non‐thermal nano‐pulse stimulation wart clearance is negligible compared to thermal modalities
Authors: Ross Edward V. , Newman James , Ravichandran Jayachandran , Nuccitelli Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesAs clinicians continue to implement safety protocols amid the global pandemic, considerations to mitigate potential viral transmission of airborne particulates (plume) generated from certain dermatologic procedures are of growing interest. This study intended to measure the change in airborne particulate matter using a non‐thermal energy modality called nano‐pulse stimulation (NPS) and compare levels of concentration to common thermal modalities (CO2 laser and electrocautery). NPS is a new non‐thermal modality that applies nanosecond pulses of electrical energy to induce regulated cell death in cellular structures while sparing the surrounding acellular structure of the dermis.Materials and MethodsThe study used a Condensation Particle Counter during four types of dermatologic procedures: (1) using non‐thermal NPS for the clearance of cutaneous, nongenital warts; (2) an electrocautery treatment of warts; (3) a CO2 laser for facial resurfacing; and (4) an electrocautery procedure for a facelift. Four subjects and a total of 11 warts were treated with NPS while a particle counter was used to detect the average particles per cubic centimeter once per second. The same particle counter was used, for comparison, during a wart removal procedure using electrocautery for comparison, and for control, during a skin resurfacing procedure with a CO2 laser and a facelift in which electrocautery was used.ResultsOnly one of the 11 NPS wart procedures generated any detectable change in the particulate concentration and that change was negligible in comparison to the increase in particulate concentration measured during the CO2 laser resurfacing and the electrocautery use during a facelift procedure.ConclusionsProcedures using non‐thermal NPS technology do not generate significant plume when applied to eliminate warts, suggesting it is unlikely that this new energy modality would release viral DNA into the air.
Assessment of natural antioxidants' effect on PDT cytotoxicity through fluorescence microscopy image analysis
Authors: Petri Aspasia , Alexandratou Eleni , Yova Dido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the intracellular antioxidant defense system antagonizes PDT‐generated ROS, impeding PDT efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancement of PDT cytotoxicity by its combination with natural antioxidants in pro‐oxidant concentrations.MethodsA rich natural antioxidant mixture originating from Pinus halepensis bark extract was studied for its potential to enhance the efficacy of m‐tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (m‐THPC)–PDT on LNCaP prostate cancer cells, in vitro. Various P. halepensis concentrations, at two different incubation times, were used in combination with m‐THPC–PDT. Assessment of cellular viability and intracellular ROS levels evaluated the treatments' outcome. A novel method was developed for the assessment of the intracellular ROS levels, based on image analysis and data extraction from fluorescence microscopy images.ResultsP. halepensis bark extract increased the intracellular ROS levels in a concentration‐dependent but not in an incubation‐dependent manner. The higher concentrations used (≥50 μg/ml) reduced cellular viability even by 50%. One hour pretreatment with 30 μg/ml P. halepensis before m‐THPC–PDT exceeded the levels of cellular death by approximately 15%.ConclusionsThe results provided evidence of the cytotoxic effect of P. halepensis bark extract on LNCaP cells, showing the potential of P. halepensis to be used as an anticancer agent in prostate cancer treatment. The results also provided evidence of enhancement of m‐THPC–PDT by P. halepensis bark extract showed the potential to be used as a supplementary agent to improve prostate cancer PDT treatment.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/CsPbX3@Polyacrylonitrile Core/Shell Nanofibers with Ultrahigh Water, Thermal, and Ultraviolet Stability
Authors: Huang Yongjun , Wang Tingting , Zheng Jianzhong , Li Feiming , Lan Wangrong , Zheng Fengying , Li Shunxing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe application of all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is considerably limited by their inherent instability under the ubiquitous environmental conditions with high water content, temperature, and UV intensity. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are combined with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for the first time to improve the uniform luminous performance and environmental stability of PNCs, attributing to the dense growth of PNC via lead ions bound with rich carbonylation on CNT surfaces, the excellent characteristics of CNTs (including hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity, specific heat, UV absorption capacity), the weather resistance of PAN polymer, and their synergistic effect. Here, via one‐step single‐nozzle electrospinning at room temperature, CNTs, PNCs, and PAN are comprised as core–shell nanofibers (i.e., CNTs/PNCs@PAN) with tunable emissions between 472 and 683 nm, covering the visible light range from blue to red. The photoluminescence intensity of CNTs/CsPbBr3@PAN can be 93%, 91%, and 91% of the initial value, respectively, after being immersed in water for 20 days, heated to 90 °C, and exposed to 365 nm light irradiation for 48 h, which are superior to those of the previously reported PNCs/PAN fibers. The ultrahigh water stability is further proven by CNTs/PNCs@PAN‐based sensor for rhodamine 6G solution fluorescence detection.