bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habbaniyah Land Cover Change Detection Using Geoinformatics
Authors: Fadhil M M , AL-Juraysi S M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study area was chosen within the district of Habbaniyah city with an area of 12320 hectares. In order to detect the change in the predominant ground covers and classify the soils of the study area. Using remote sensing and geographic information systems. For the Landsat 7 and 8 satellites, path 169 and Row 37, for the ETM+ sensor for the year 2007 and 2011, and for the OLI sensor for the year 2015 and 2020. All parts of the study area were covered by semi-detailed soil surveying with Free Lance method, And nine pedons were determined and determined by GPS. The results showed that the classification of soils in the study area included two order of soils: Entisols and Aridisols. Four main classes of land cover were identified: barren land, vegetation cover, Urban Lands and water. As the area of barren lands in 2007 was 6417.5 hectares, 54.09%, accompanied by a decrease in vegetation cover during 2007, with an area of 4360.6 hectares, 35.39%. It was also noted that there was an increase in the areas of Urban Land represented by Urban sprawl, as it was during 2007 with an area of 1104.8 hectares, or 8.97% While it increased during the year 2020, reaching 1927.4 hectares, at a rate of 15.64%, and this is a serious indicator of the desertification of agricultural lands due to Urban sprawl and the transformation of agricultural lands into residential areas. Water bodies decreased during the year 2011 at a rate of 6.3 hectares/year, while the amount of the decrease during the year 2020 was about 2.3 hectares/year due to water scarcity, the construction of dams and the reduction of water flow towards Iraqi lands. It also notes a slight increase in the areas of vegetation cover during the year 2020, at a rate of 5.6 hectares/year, which is very small compared to the area of the study area. While it reached its peak at a rate of 27.1 hectares/year during the year 2011. We also note an increase in Urban sprawl during the year 2020, as it was an increase of 5.7 hectares/year and on a continuous basis.
Utilization of Date Palm Waste Compost as Substitute For Peat Moss
Authors: Raja A M , Khalaf N H , Alkubaisy S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This investigation was conducted to evaluate the utilization of compost production using finely grinded date palm wastes and residues (particle size 0.5 cm), to examine its performance a substitute of potting media in comparison with commercial peat moss. Factors influence the rate of composting efficiency such as moisture content; aeration and temperature were treatments (culture substrates) with four replications were arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were commercial peat moss used as control; un-composted date palm residues (DP-0); composted date palm residues for 15 weeks (DP-15) and composted date palm residues for 30 weeks (DP-30). The physicochemical properties of substrates were measured before plant cultivation. During the duration of plant growth irrigation rate, temperature, humidity and pest control for all treatments were similar. Some growth and fruit quality parameters for strawberry plants were measured at the end of growth period. The results revealed that bulk density (BD), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and essential mineral nutrients (N, P and K) were increased, while organic matter (OM), organic carbon (Oc) and C/N ratio were decreased gradually by the end of composting time. DP-30 showed the most appropriate physicochemical properties compared with the other treatments, including peat moss. This could be attributed to improve the physicochemical properties of this substrate due to satisfactory enhanced compost maturity which would have been achieved by the end of 30 weeks’ incubation time, since the source, particle size (0.5cm) and composting process were the same for all date palm substrates. Therefore, the average rate of increase in plant growth characteristics and the improvement of fruit quality parameters were differed significantly depending on composting duration and connected to preference of suitable physicochemical properties enhanced in DP-30. The general trend observed in this investigation strongly suggestes the importance of potential benefits of the economically appropriate uses of the composted date palm materials (DP-30) for full substitution for peat moss in horticulture.
Screening Field Grown Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Genotypes For Salinity Tolerance in the North of Tunisia
Authors: Hajlaoui’ H , Akrimi R , Hajlaoui F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The focus of this study is to compare salt stress response among pearl millet genotypes, based on agronomical traits. A field experimental complete randomized design (CRD) was conducted during the summer-winter season (July-December) of 2010, at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Nabeul. Nine pearl millet Pennisetum Glaucum L genotypes (IP 22269; IP 13151; MC 94C2; IP 19612; SVDANPOL III; ICMV 1550; IP 7704; HHVBCTAB2; IP 19586) were irrigated with saline water (8.57 dS.m-1 EC). Plant height, biomass accumulation and morphological measures of clusters (weight, length, diameter) were determined. Based on plant height and fresh biomass accumulation, we could classify the genotype IP22269 as more tolerant to salinity, while MC94C2 as sensitive genotype. MC94C2 was once more identified as sensitive genotype, based on less clusters weight. Highest values of clusters weight and diameter were recorded for IP19586 and IP19612. Thus, a noticeable variability in salt tolerance was observed among studied genotypes.
Influence of Organic Fertilization, Liquorice, and Bread Yeast Extracts Spray in Some Growth and Yield Properties of Cucumbers Under Unheated Plastic House Conditions
Authors: Mutlak A F , Muslat M M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field study was carried out in unheated plastic house A field study was carried out in the unheated greenhouses of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, at longitude 43.31 and latitude 33.42, to evaluate the effect of adding levels of organic manure (poultry manure) to the soil (weight to weight) and foliar application by spraying liquorice and bread yeast extract on cucumber growth and yield. The study included adding poultry manure to the soil at three levels, 2, 3 and 5%, with spraying two concentrations of liquorice, 2.5 and 5 g liter-1, with or without bread yeast extract 1:10, in addition to control treatment (without addition), and the mineral fertilization treatment according to the fertilizer recommendation. The experiment was carried out according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, and the treatments means were compared using Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D) at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that: organic fertilization of poultry manure 2% + liquorice extract 5 g. L-1 recorded a highest leaf area 1435.9 dcm2, and highest plant height (190.0 cm). While the use of poultry manure 3% + liquorice extract 5 g. Liter -1 gave the highest relative content of chlorophyll in leaves (84.47 Spad), whereas the control treatment gave the highest percentage of dry matter in the plant (12.54%). The treatment of poultry manure 2% + liquorice extract 2.5 g. Liter -1 gave the largest number of fruits (14.5 fruits plant-1), the highest yield per plant (1.228 kg. plant-1, the highest total yield of 1.228 tons Plastic house-1, and the lowest nitrates concentration in fruits (9.541 mg kg-1). whereas the treatment of poultry manure 2% + liquorice extract 2.5 g. 1 liter-+ bread yeast extract 10:1. gave the highest fruit weight of 88.76 g. The treatment of poultry manure 5% + liquorice extract 2.5 g. Liter -1 achieved the highest nitrogen concentration of 1.758%, and the highest potassium concentration of 6.200% in the fruits. While the treatment of poultry manure 5% + liquorice extract 2.5 g. Liter -1 + bread yeast extract 10:1 gave the highest phosphorous percentage of 0.850% in fruits.
The Preparation of Organic Food Solutions and The Possibility of Using Them as An Alternative to Chemical Analyzes Using Hydroponics
Authors: AL-Mehadee A A , Sarheed B R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted during the winter season of 2020 at the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to study the preparation of organic food solutions from different sources and the possibility of using them as a substitute for chemical solutions under hydroponics of lettuce plants. Treatment of sheep waste extracted with distilled water + 33% of the fertilizer recommendation (SW1), treatment of sheep manure extracted with distilled water + 66% of the fertilizer recommendation (SW2), treatment of sheep manure extracted with KOH + 33% of the fertilizer recommendation (SK1), Treating sheep manure extracted with KOH + 66% of the fertilizer recommendation (SK2). Treating the extracted cane waste with distilled water + 33% of the fertilizer recommendation (CW1). Treat cane waste extracted with distilled water + 66% of the recommendation (CW2), treat cane waste extracted with KOH + 33% of the fertilizer recommendation (CK1), treat cane waste extracted with KOH + 66% of the recommendation CK2). Use the design Complete randomization in the distribution of transactions, which included 9 tubes, each tube containing 12 plants (experimental unit). Seedlings of lettuce (Fajr) were planted on 29/8/2019 with a distance of 30 cm between one plant and another.
Fenugreek Performance Affected by Foliar Application of Gibberellin and Arginine Acids
Authors: Naser W Y , Mheidi O H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2020-2021 in a farmer’s field - Zakhikha area - Heet district/Anbar Province, Iraq to find out the effect of four concentrations of GA3, arginine acid and the interaction between them in some growth indicators of fenugreek plant Trigonellafoenum graecum L. Split plots via randomized completely block design were used with three replicates. The main plots included GA3 concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1), while the sub plots included arginine acid concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1). Results showed that the concentration of 300 mg L-1 for both factors gave a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, plant dry weight, number of pods, 1000 seeds weight and seed yield. Interaction effect between two factors had not a significant effect on all traits except the seed yield which gave an increase rate of 66.53% over the control treatment.
Effects of Spraying with Urea and Seaweed Extract (Tecamin Algae) on Growth and Chemical Content of Date Palm Tree Cv. Zahdi
Authors: Murad H J , Al-Dulaimy A F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The following study was conducted in a private date palm orchard in the area of AlFurat, district of Heet throughout the season of 2019-2020 on 20-year-old date palm trees, Zahdi cultivar. The purpose was to study the effects of spraying the Urea compound with concentrations of (0, 1 and 2 g L-1) as well as seaweed extract (Tecamin Algae) with (0, 2 and 4 g L-1) of concentration on the growth and chemical content of the trees. 27 date palms were randomly selected. A factorial experiment with RCBD design was carried out such that it includes 9 treatments with 3 replicas for each treatment. Each tree was treated as one experimental unit. The results demonstrated that treatments of Urea spraying, especially with 2 g L-1 concentration, contributed to achieving the best results for response measurements (Leaf Area, Total Chlorophyll, Total Carbohydrates in the Leaflets, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous), which were (2.61 m2, 10.65 mg g-1, 7.46%, 1.69% and 0.40%), respectively. The content of phosphorous in the leaflets was not significantly affected when sprayed with Urea. On the other hand, seaweed extract spraying had a significant effect on all the response measurements. The 4 ml L-1 concentration gave the highest figures for our responses (total chlorophyll 10.38 mg g-1, Carbohydrates 7.52%, Nitrogen 1.65%, Phosphorus 0.37% and Potassium 0.67%). The concentration of (2 ml L-1) gave the largest area of the leaf at 2.63 m2.
The Effect of Amino Acids and The Date of Planting on Yield and Some Yield Components of Three Maize Varieties
Authors: Al-Janabi Y A , Abood N M , Hamdan M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) and the arrangement of split-split plot with three replications, at the Field Crops Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department - Abu Ghraib during the spring season for the years 2019 and 2020. With the aim of studying the effect of amino acids, planting dates and their effect on some of the yield characteristics and its components for three varieties of maize in the spring season. Planting dates (March 15, March 25 and April 5) occupied the main plots, while amino acids and the control treatment (proline, arginine, and distilled water) occupied the sub-plot, whereas the varieties (Rabi, Baghdad 3 and Fajr 1) occupied the sub-sub-plot, and the most important results were summarized as follows:The two cultivars, Rabi and Fajr-1, achieved a significant increase in most of the yield characteristics and its components for the seasons. The addition of the amino acid proline also led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits (the number of grains in ear, weight of 500 grains, total grain and biological yield, and harvest index), planting dates also have a significant effect on most of the studied traits. The first date (15/3) recorded increase in the number of grains per ear, the weight of 500 grams, and the grain and biological yield. The plants of the Rabi variety when cultivated on March 15 th and sprayed with the amino acid proline achieved the highest average for the grain yield, which reached 7.48 ton. ha-1 for spring 2019.
Effect of Spraying with Potassium, Organic Fertilization and Plants Densities in Growth and Yield of Onion
Authors: Al-Amri B K , Alabdaly M M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in the city of Amiriya Al-Fallujah/Anbar Governorate, to know the response of the local grown red onions to spraying with potassium and organic fertilization under different plant densities during the season 2020-2021. The seeds were sown on 10/1/2020 and transferred to the field on 12/1/2020. The experiment included two factors, the first is a combination of organic fertilization (20 Mg.ha-1) and spraying with potassium sulfate (0, 5) g.l−1as follows: (T0: recommended fertilizer dose and T1: Cow’s manure and T2: recommended fertilizer amount + spraying with potassium and T3: cow’s manure + half of the number of fertilizers + potassium spray and T4: Double the recommended amount of cow’s manure + half the amount of fertilizer recommended dose + spraying potassium. The second factor is Planting distances(S1: 10 × 10, S2: 10 × 15 and S3: 10 × 20) (cm). The distance between the plants was fixed to 10 cm was and the dimensions changed between plants’ lines. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment within the randomized complete Block Design. The results of the study indicated the clear effect of the study factors on the characteristics of vegetative growth, yield and onions’ content of total soluble solids(TSS), as the treatment T4S3 excelled by giving it the highest content of dry matter and the highest leaf area, the highest percentage of potassium in the leaves and this was positively reflected done by giving the plants of this treatment the highest yield of the plant and reached (5.83 gm, 15.26 dm2, 1.57% and 108.50 gm) in sequence. Hence, reducing the cultivation distances between plants and their interaction with fertilization levels had a positive effect in improving the yield traits, as the T4S1 treatment achieved the highest yield for the experimental unit and the highest marketable yield reached (10.03 kg and 77.06 Mg.ha-1), compared to T1S3-treated plants, which achieved the lowest yield for the experimental unit and the lowest marketable yield amounted to (4.733 kg and 35.73 Mg.ha-1) respectively.
Vitality of Sorghum Seeds Effected by Storage Duration and Seeds Stimulation with Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Dawoodi R M , Al-Fahad A Ch 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A laboratory experiment was carried out in the spring of 2021 at a Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Anbarto study the effect of sorghum seeds storage duration (1, 3 and 5 years)(Inqathcv.)and seeds stimulating with nano-iron fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1) on the seed vitality and seedlings activity. Complete randomized design (CRD) was used with three replicates. The results showed that the seeds stored for one year and the seeds treated with a nano-iron at a 300 mg L-1as well as the interaction between them achieved the highest results in the percentage of germination at the first count, radicle length, plumule length and fresh and dry weight off seedling. It can be concluded that the increaseof the storage duration negatively affects the vitality and activity of sorghum seedlings, and that the nano-iron element improved the vitality of seeds and seedling activity and can reduce the harmful effect of storage.
Upcycling of cementitious wastes in one-part alkaline cement binders
Authors: Samarakoon M H , Ranjith P G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cementitious wastes generate at an increasing rate and are generally disposed of in landfills, creating harmful environmental impacts. Therefore, enhancing potential pathways to recycle such wastes is critical. In this study, two ways of introducing cementitious wastes in one-part alkaline cement binders (ACBs) are presented: as solid precursors and as activators. A mixture of fly ash and blast furnace slag as the solid precursors and a blend of thermally treated sodium hydroxide and waste glass as the alkali activator were used to cast ACBs by just adding water similar to ordinary Portland cement. Glass powder-based activator showed 70% of efficiency in creating crystalline sodium silicate which dissolves in the binder phase to enhance the production of hydration products. Reasonable compressive strengths of the hardened paste were reported resulting in a dense microstructure with the curing age. Therefore, in this study, the increasing involvement of cementitious wastes in one-part ACBs is confirmed.
Rainwater Harvesting in the Rainforest: A Technical and Socioeconomic Review of Community Approaches in Brazil
Authors: Farrell Amy , Swan Dr Andrew , R. Mendes Dr Ronaldo Lopes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews potable water issues affecting river dwelling communities and assesses the use of Rainwater Harvesting techniques to help meet potable water requirements. The study specifically explores river communities on the periphery of the city of Belem, where there is no potable mains water supply. This interdisciplinary study reviews the socioeconomic context of the different organisational stakeholders as well as analysing technical data to ascertain the effectiveness of the systems in practice. Surveys indicate nearly half of residents consume water from sources potentially contaminated by raw sewage and mining effluent with detrimental impacts to public health. This paper reviews previous local studies and describes ongoing attempts to derive locally appropriate rainwater collection and treatment processes. This includes attempts to construct and trial organic material-based rainwater filters that comprise of different mixes of sand, gravel and activated carbon derived from by-products of local fruit processing industries, namely acai harvesting.
Closing the material loop in additive manufacturing: A literature review on waste recycling
Authors: Yang Yiran , Zhao Fu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) technologies have found applications in a wide range of industries such as aerospace and automobile, due to their superior manufacturing capability and design freedom enabled by the layer-wise fabrication method. Over the past decade, the adoption of additive manufacturing has evolved from rapid prototyping and tooling to rapid manufacturing of end-use products, which, on the other hand, introduced new challenges for reducing the environmental impacts and enhancing resource sustainability of additive manufacturing from a lifecycle perspective. In current literature, some research efforts have been conducted on waste recycling aiming to close to material loop and relieve the environmental consequences caused by both pre- and post-consumer wastes generated from additive manufacturing. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art on additive manufacturing waste recycling and identifies critical gaps for future research in this field.
Evaluating the Ecological Sustainable Transportation System with An Application of Radial Basis Function Neural Network
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Dong Chunjiao , Qian Jianpei , Wang Shengyou , Xue Song 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ecological and sustainable development of urban transportation system is critical to improving the overall quality of life and achieving the goals of climate protection and sustainable development. The study focused on factors from level of social and economic development, the quality of transport service and urban ecological environment to develop a comprehensive assessment indicator system. A novel method for evaluating the ecological sustainable transportation system based on the radial basis function neural network(RBFNN)was proposed. Results of comparative experiments between RBFNN and the conventional BP neural network (BPNN) showed that the accuracy of RBFNN was 8.3% higher than that of BPNN while the training time was 27.2s lesser and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.15 smaller. In the case of Shenzhen, China, the proposed model gave a reasonable evaluation, which implied that RBFNN brought forward a new perspective for further research.
Is it possible to achieve waste free construction sites in Norway?
Authors: Mamo Fufa Selamawit , Venås Christoffer , Kjendseth Wiik Marianne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The construction industry is one of the world’s largest consumers of energy (ca. 40%) and natural resources (ca. 40%). Norwegian statistical data shows that waste from construction, rehabilitation and demolition is steadily increasing. Norway alone generated approximately 1.9 million tonnes of waste in 2017, around 1% more construction waste compared to 2016. Of this, only 34% of the waste was recycled, which is 8% less than in 2016, and 34% below the EU’s requirements (70% reuse and recovery of all non-hazardous construction and demolition waste). There are on-going initiatives in Norway to address this and realise ‘waste free’ construction sites, with an ambition to contribute towards global, national and regional environmental impact reduction targets. The aim of this paper is to discuss challenges and opportunities for waste free construction sites in Norway and lessons learnt from Norwegian fossil and emission free construction sites. This paper concludes that Norwegian waste-free construction is ambitious but possible.