bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic evaluation of children and adolescents with different types of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorders
Authors: Ludwików Katarzyna , Zadurska Małgorzata , Czochrowska Ewa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess general and oral health status, including the presence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs, in children and adolescents with FASD in relation to different types of this disorder.Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 67 participants (29 males and 38 females) aged 2.5‐17.8 years with confirmed diagnosis of FASD were included.Materials and MethodsThe participants were divided into three subgroups: foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial foetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS) and alcohol‐related neurodevelopmental disorders (ARND). General health, oral health status, history of dental trauma, presence of dysfunctions or parafunctions, and occlusion were examined. Additionally, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) index was calculated. Selected variables were compared to the results obtained from a national monitoring survey on the oral health conditions in Poland.ResultsIn children and adolescents with FASD, a number of systemic anomalies including alimentary, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders were present. Dysfunctions and parafunctions such as mouth breathing and thumb sucking were frequently recorded. Children with FASD had an increased prevalence of distal occlusion and crossbite compared to the general population. Malocclusions were more often identified in the FAS group. No significant differences in the IOTN between different FASD groups were found. Borderline need for orthodontic treatment was more frequent in children with FASD compared to controls.ConclusionEarly screening for the presence of dysfunctions/parafunctions and malocclusions in children with FASD is recommended, so that orthodontic prophylaxis and state‐funded orthodontic care programmes for these children are implemented.
Identifying personal health‐related resources of women with breast cancer for nursing: An integrative review
Authors: Skyttä Marika , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Stolt Minna , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPersonal health‐related resources are essential for women with breast cancer, as these help them to maintain their own health and well‐being during different phases of their illness. The purpose of this integrative review was to identify, describe and synthetise what personal health‐related resources have already been identified for this patient group. We carried out an integrative review to find papers that focused on personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer aged 18–64 years. The search covered 1 January 2005 to 31 May 2021 and was carried out using the CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. It was limited to peer‐reviewed scientific papers with abstracts published in English and 23 papers met the inclusion criteria. The data were analysed using content analysis. Personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer consisted of three different, but inherently interconnected, categories of personal strengths, person‐centred cancer care and social support from and involvement in their cultural community. Personal health‐related resources for women with breast cancer were multifaceted. Women need nursing support to identify and use these resources and future studies are needed to strengthen how they are measured.
Phosphoinositides containing stearic acid are required for interaction between Rho GTPases and the exocyst to control the late steps of polarized exocytosis
Authors: Laquel Patricia , Testet Eric , Tuphile Karine , Cullin Christophe , Fouillen Laetitia , Bessoule Jean‐Jacques , Doignon François 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell polarity is achieved by regulators such as small G proteins, exocyst members and phosphoinositides, with the latter playing a key role when bound to the exocyst proteins Sec3p and Exo70p, and Rho GTPases. This ensures asymmetric growth via the routing of proteins and lipids to the cell surface using actin cables. Previously, using a yeast mutant for a lysophosphatidylinositol acyl transferase encoded by the PSI1 gene, we demonstrated the role of stearic acid in the acyl chain of phosphoinositides in cytoskeletal organization and secretion. Here, we use a genetic approach to characterize the effect on late steps of the secretory pathway. The constitutive overexpression of PSI1 in mutants affecting kinases involved in the phosphoinositide pathway demonstrated the role of molecular species containing stearic acid in bypassing a lack of phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate (PI(4)P) at the plasma membrane, which is essential for the function of the Cdc42p module. Decreasing the levels of stearic acid‐containing phosphoinositides modifies the environment of the actors involved in the control of late steps in the secretory pathway. This leads to decreased interactions between Exo70p and Sec3p, with Cdc42p, Rho1p and Rho3p, because of disruption of the GTP/GDP ratio of at least Rho1p and Rho3p GTPases, thereby preventing activation of the exocyst.
No effect of patent foramen ovale on acute mountain sickness and pulmonary pressure in normobaric hypoxia
Authors: DiMarco Kaitlyn G. , Beasley Kara M. , Shah Karina , Speros Julia P. , Elliott Jonathan E. , Laurie Steven S. , Duke Joseph W. , Goodman Randall D. , Futral Joel Eben , Hawn Jerold A. , Roach Robert C. , Lovering Andrew T. 
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question to this study?
Is there a relationship between a patent foramen ovale and the development of acute mountain sickness and an exaggerated increase in pulmonary pressure in response to 7–10 h of normobaric hypoxia?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Patent foramen ovale presence did not increase susceptibility to acute mountain sickness or result in an exaggerated increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure with normobaric hypoxia. This suggests hypobaric hypoxia is integral to the increased susceptibility to acute mountain sickness previously reported in those with patent foramen ovale, and patent foramen ovale presence alone does not contribute to the hypoxic pulmonary pressor response.

AbstractAcute mountain sickness (AMS) develops following rapid ascent to altitude, but its exact causes remain unknown. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a right‐to‐left intracardiac shunt present in ∼30% of the population that has been shown to increase AMS susceptibility with high altitude hypoxia. Additionally, high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a severe type of altitude illness characterized by an exaggerated pulmonary pressure response, and there is a greater prevalence of PFO in those with a history of HAPE. However, whether hypoxia per se is causing the increased incidence of AMS in those with a PFO and whether a PFO is associated with an exaggerated increase in pulmonary pressure in those without a history of HAPE is unknown. Participants (n = 36) matched for biological sex (18 female) and the presence or absence of a PFO (18 PFO+) were exposed to 7–10 h of normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 4755 m. Presence and severity of AMS was determined using the Lake Louise AMS scoring system. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, cardiac output and total pulmonary resistance were measured using ultrasound. We found no significant association of PFO with incidence or severity of AMS and no association of PFO with arterial oxygen saturation. Additionally, there was no effect of a PFO on pulmonary pressure, cardiac output or total pulmonary resistance. These data suggest that hypobaric hypoxia is necessary for those with a PFO to have increased incidence of AMS and that presence of PFO is not associated with an exaggerated pulmonary pressor response.
Influence of Lubricant Film Cavitation on the Vibration Behavior of a Semifloating Ring Supported Turbocharger Rotor With Thrust Bearing
Authors: Ziese Christian , Irmscher Cornelius , Nitzschke Steffen , Daniel Christian , Woschke Elmar , Klimpel Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis contribution investigates the influence of outgassing processes on the vibration behavior of a hydrodynamic bearing supported turbocharger rotor. The examined rotor is supported radially by floating rings with outer squeeze-film damping and axially by thrust bearings. Due to the highly nonlinear bearing properties, the rotor can be excited via the lubricating film, which results in subsynchronous vibrations known as oil-whirl and oil-whip phenomena. A significant influence on the occurrence of oil-whip phenomena is attributed to the bearing stiffness and damping, which depend on the kinematic state of the supporting elements, the thermal condition, and the occurrence of outgassing processes. For modeling the bearing behavior, the Reynolds equation with mass-conserving cavitation regarding the two-phase model and the three-dimensional (3D) energy as well as heat conduction equation is solved. To evaluate the impact of cavitation, run-up simulations are carried out assuming a fully (half-Sommerfeld) or partially filled lubrication gap. The resulting rotor responses are compared with the shaft motion measurement. Also, the normalized eccentricity, the minimum lubricant fraction, and the thermal bearing condition are discussed.
Analytical Studies on Mode III Fracture in Flexoelectric Solids
Authors: Tian Xinpeng , Xu Mengkang , Zhou Haiyang , Deng Qian , Li Qun , Sladek Jan , Sladek Vladimir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the stress concentration near crack tips, strong flexoelectric effect would be observed there, which might lead to new applications of flexoelectricity in material science and devices. However, different from the flexoelectric effect in cantilever beams or truncated pyramids, at the crack tip, multiple components of strain gradients with nonuniform distribution contribute to the flexoelectric effect, which makes the problem extremely complex. In this paper, with the consideration of both direct and converse flexoelectricity, the electromechanical coupling effect around the tip of a Mode III crack is studied analytically. Based on the Williams’ expansion method, the displacement field, polarization field, strain gradient field along with the actual physical stresses field are solved. A path-independent J-integral for Mode III cracks in flexoelectric solids is presented. Our results indicate that the existence of flexoelectricity leads to a decrease of both the J-integral and the out-of-plane displacement in Mode III cracks, which means that the flexoelectric effect around the tip of Mode III cracks enhances the local strength of materials.
Smart Vaccine Manufacturing Using Novel Biotechnology Platforms: A Study During COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Vishnu , Srinivasan Vijay , Kumara Soundar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Healthcare experts have come to a consensus that effective and safe vaccines are necessary to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic across the globe. Since the traditional vaccine development and manufacturing approaches were unable to meet the rapidly growing COVID-19 vaccine demand, biopharmaceutical firms had to devise novel and smart techniques to boost the development, production, and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in a large scale with lightning speed. This triggered their transition to smart vaccine manufacturing approaches using novel viral vector and nucleic acid biotechnology platforms. This paper tries to explore this rationality of the biopharmaceutical industry by comparing the traditional and the novel biotechnology platform-based vaccine manufacturing techniques and reviewing the COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing scenarios. To highlight the “smart” characteristics of the novel platform-based COVID-19 vaccine products and to make an effective comparison with the traditional products, a well-established product classification framework is used as a reference. Finally, the study concludes by presenting the future possibility of incorporating smart manufacturing paradigms with the novel platform-based manufacturing process. It is hoped that this study would serve as an asset for the biopharmaceutical firms to appropriately streamline their strategies, resources, and goals to meet the global vaccine requirements.
Impact of Timing in the Design Process on Students’ Application of Design for Additive Manufacturing Heuristics
Authors: Schauer Anastasia M. , Fillingim Kenton B. , Fu Katherine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work is to study the way student designers use design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) rules or heuristics. It can be challenging for novice designers to create successful designs for additive manufacturing (AM), due to its recent surge in popularity and lack of formal education or training. A study was carried out to investigate the way novices apply DfAM heuristics when they receive them at different points in the design process. A design problem was presented to students, and three different groups of student participants were given a lecture on DfAM heuristics at three different points in the design process: before the initial design, between the initial design and redesign, and after the redesign. The novelty and quality of each of the resulting designs were evaluated. Results indicate that although the DfAM heuristics lecture had no impact on the overall quality of the designs generated, participants who were given the heuristics lecture after the initial design session produced designs that were better-suited for 3D printing in the second phase of the design activity. However, receiving this additional information appears to prevent students from creatively iterating upon their initial designs, as participants who received heuristic information between the design sessions experienced a decrease in novelty between the two sessions. Additionally, receiving the heuristics lecture increased all students’ perceptions of their ability to perform DfAM-related tasks. These results validate the practicality of design heuristics in lecture form as AM training tools while also emphasizing the importance of iteration in the design process.
A Simplified Method for the Deposition Rate Assessment on the Vanes of a Multistage Axial-Flow Compressor
Authors: Vulpio Alessandro , Suman Alessio , Casari Nicola , Pinelli Michele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas turbine particle ingestion may lead to the deposition of contaminants in the compressor section, inducing the performance losses of the whole engine. The economic losses derived from this issue push great interest in the investigation of such a phenomenon from a numerical and experimental standpoint. This article describes a quantitative approach to predict particle deposition on the vanes of an axial compressor starting from the flow field obtained employing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The results are then compared to the experiments performed on the Allison 250 C18 compressor unit subject to particle ingestion under controlled conditions. The results derived from the experimental and numerical investigations are presented, providing insight into the mass deposited on the vanes and the corresponding zones most affected by the particle deposition issue. The methodology showed good agreement in the estimation of the predicted values of the deposited mass and the corresponding patterns through the compressor stages. The low-complexity approach proposed here could help the designer to predict the contamination of the stationary rows starting from a simple set of single-phase numerical results. Furthermore, with the implementation of this approach into the design path, the designer could reduce the impact of fouling, looking at the effects of their solutions under the fouling-reduction light.
Lightweight Material Optimization of Aquatic Vehicles’ Propeller Based on Fatigue Life Using Hydro Structural Interaction Simulation
Authors: Raja Vijayanandh , Kulandaiyapan Naveen Kumar , Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Subramaniam Indira Prasanth , Kandasamy Kesavan , Raji Arul Prakash , Madasamy Senthil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Generally, inward and outward effects are huge and prime in the rotating components. Based on the working environments of a rotor, the complexity is increased furthermore. Similarly, this work also deals the complicated problem, which is fatigue life estimation of Marine Vehicles’ propeller for different lightweight materials under given Ocean environments by using Ansys Fluent 16.2. The conceptual design of the ship propeller is modeled with the help of CATIA. Fatigue life estimation on the rotor is a key and complex output of this work, so advanced methodology is mandatory for computation. For that purpose, the following advanced methodology has been implemented for this work, which is Hydro Structural Interaction (HSI) and Moving Reference Frame (MRF) techniques are associated in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Hydro-Fluid properties such as density and operating pressure are used as per the working vehicles’ environment, which has been easily, defined in Ansys Fluent 17.2. Thus this computational platform is perfect to handle hydrodynamic simulations, even though the gird convergence study is conducted for the better outcomes. In the case of structural simulation, the existing materials such as Aluminium alloy and Stainless Steel are used for fatigue life estimation under HSI loading conditions. Finally, the fatigue life estimation of Marine Vehicles’ propeller is extended for composite materials to compare the life of a rotor. Both the Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic loading conditions are tested on Aquatic Vehicle’s rotor and thereby the suitable material is chosen and given to the future input for real-time applications.
Aerodynamic Performance Characterization of a Drag-Based Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Wind Turbine Rotor
Authors: Talukdar Parag K. , Kulkarni Vinayak , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Among the existing wind energy harvesters, the vertical-axis Savonius wind turbine rotor is found to be suitable for small-scale power generation. It is a drag-driven device where the pressure of the fluid stagnating within its blades results in its rotation. The high starting torque and poor operational efficiency of this type of turbine rotor are its distinguishing features. The main geometric and flow parameters that influence its performance are its blade profile, overlap ratio, aspect ratio and Reynolds number (Re). Among these parameters, the blade profile influences significantly on the power production. Recent studies have shown that, choice of an elliptic blade can help in harnessing more wind energy, however, it is desirable to characterize this choice through detailed studies. The present study aims at evaluating the performance of a two-elliptical-bladed Savonius turbine rotor for its dynamic torque and power characteristics. In order to characterize its performances, the developed rotor is experimented in an open circuit low speed wind tunnel. The experiments have been carried out at different Re values so as to estimate the dependence of rotor performance on Re. When the Re is increased from 57310 to 164766, the maximum power coefficient (CPmax) of the turbine rotor has shown an improvement of 43%.
Characterization of Mechanical Property of PLA-ABS Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Su Ziyi , Inaba Kazuaki , Karmakar Amit , Das Apurba 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Application of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in energy, aviation and nuclear industries has increased since the last decade due to potential reduction of in-plane and transverse through-the-thickness stresses, enhanced residual stress distribution, superior thermal properties, free from delamination, and reduced stress intensity factors. FGMs are categorized as an advanced class of composite materials where the two constituent materials are graded along the thickness direction. Absence of sharp change in material property in the interface layer eliminates the problem of delamination and debonding, which is a major concern for traditional composite material. In this work, PLA-ABS functionally graded material is manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques through fused deposition modeling (FDM) using Y-type extruder. X-ray computed tomography test is conducted to see the air void (generated during printing) distribution in the printed FGM. Tensile test (as per ISO-527standrad) is conducted to evaluate the Young’s Modulus of additive manufactured FGMs. Three different measuring positions are considered in the FGM specimens to check the effect of property change along the grading direction. Tensile test results of PLA-ABS FGM are compared with their individual constituents (ABS and PLA). Further, flexural vibration test is conducted to evaluate the natural frequency of printed FGM beam. Experimentally determined mechanical and dynamic characteristics in terms effective Young’s Modulus and natural frequency are analyzed and discussed.
Effect of Exit Blade Angle on the Performance of Cross Flow Hydro Turbine: A Numerical Study
Authors: Alom Nur , Sarkar Bikash Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cross-flow hydro turbines (CFHTs) are generally used in micro hydraulic power plants due to their simplicity in design and fabrication, moderate efficiency, ease of maintenance. The CFHT can be used in low flow and low head conditions with an efficiency of around 90% at rated conditions. However, the efficiency of the CFHT can further be improved by changing its geometric parameters Hence, in the present investigation, 3D unsteady simulations are performed in order to locate the exit blade angle (β2) with the intention is to improve the efficiency of the turbine. In the proposed investigation, the multi-physics FVM solver ANSYS Fluent has been used with the help of the SST k-ω turbulence model to carry out the unsteady simulations. The 3D unsteady simulations are performed by varying the exit blade angle (β2) from 60° to 90° to improve its efficiency when the rotational speed is fixed with the number of blades being 20. From the unsteady simulations, the maximum efficiency of the CFHT is at the exit blade angle (β2) = 80°.