bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeito do manejo da desfolha no desempenho agronômico da videira Chardonnay em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina
Authors: Würz Douglas André , De Souza Deivid Silva , Canossa Adrielen Tamiris , Reinehr Juliana , Rufato Leo 
Published: April 2021

Teve-se como objetivo do trabalho comparar diferentes épocas de desfolha e o seu efeito nas características químicas e físicas dos cachos da variedade Chardonnay em região de elevada altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente estudo foi realizado nas safras 2018 e 2019, em um vinhedo comercial, situado no munícipio de São Joaquim – Santa Catarina. Foi utilizado vinhedo da variedade Chardonnay enxertada sobre ‘Paulsen 1103’. Os tratamentos consistiram na realização da desfolha, expondo a região dos cachos em cinco diferentes estágios fenológicos: plena florada, baga chumbinho, baga ervilha, virada de cor e plantas sem desfolha (testemunha). Avaliou-se índices produtivos, arquitetura de cacho e maturação tecnológica. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância (ANOVA) e quando detectados efeitos de tratamento, procedeu-se o teste de comparação de médias pelo Teste Scott Knott a 5% de probabilidade de erro. A realização do manejo da desfolha da videira ‘Chardonnay’ não influenciou variáveis relacionadas a arquitetura de cachos (massa de cacho, comprimento de cachos e número de bagas). No entanto, quando realizada após o estádio fenológico baga chumbinho propicia aumento do índice de compactação. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho demonstram que o manejo da desfolha aumentam os índices produtivos (produção por planta e produtividade) e melhora da maturação tecnológica da videira (sólidos solúveis), sendo recomendado sua realização até o estádio fenológico virada de cor.
SEGUINDO AS REDES DE BRUNO LATOUR: UM ENSAIO SOBRE A ANTROPOLOGIA SIMÉTRICA E A TEORIA DO ATOR-REDE
Authors: Milanês Renata 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo faz parte de um esforço no sentido de compreender o pensamento de um dos autores mais importantes das Ciências Sociais na contemporaneidade: Bruno Latour. Com sua escrita hermética, abstrata, filosófica e por vezes, difícil de compreender, este autor nos oferece uma lente totalmente inovadora no modo de se pensar sobre a forma como o conhecimento científico é construído, nos lançando o seguinte questionamento: Por que as Ciências Sociais são tão antropocêntricas?
A tese proposta por Latour nos oferece uma visão, na qual as coisas e os não-humanos devem ser considerados nas análises científicas, pois também fazem parte do mundo social. Visando acabar com a oposição sujeito-objeto, ele propõe como saída, a tentativa de superar o abismo entre homens e coisas, seres humanos e não humanos, sociedade e natureza e entre ciências humanas e ciências naturais, através de um princípio de simetria, que busca explicar natureza e sociedade com igualdade de tratamento, dando importância aos híbridos e reconciliando a separação dicotômica entre sujeitos e objetos que por sua vez, passam a se apresentar à teoria social de uma maneira diferente e que sem dúvidas, balança as bases da antropologia moderna.
Palavras-chave: Teoria do Ator-Rede. Antropologia Simétrica. Humanos e Não Humanos. Bruno Latour.
Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges: A Multidimensional Drug Delivery System and its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mane Preeti Tanaji , Wakure Balaji Sopanrao , Wakte Pravin Shridhar 
Published: April 2021

:
Cyclodextrin based nanosponges are the designed nanocarriers for the projected delivery
of complex drugs. They are multifunctional hypercrosslinked cyclodextrin polymers connected in a
three-dimensional, mesh-like network. Their functional characteristics can be fabricated by using
different crosslinkers or their different rations with polymer. They can encapsulate various hydrophilic,
lipophilic, small-sized or large-sized drug molecules. They offer formulation flexibility
and are primarily used for solubility, bioavailability and stability enhancement purposes. This system
is also pliable for co-delivery of pharmaceutical entities, improving therapeutic efficacy and patient
compliance. If the surface of nanosponge is coupled with an appropriate ligand, even a target
specific drug delivery can be achieved. It has a variety of applications in the field of pharmacy for
the delivery of tricky drug molecules, proteins, enzymes, natural moieties and gaseous compounds.
The list of its applications further widens with the development of nanodiagnostics, nanosensors,
biomimetics and scaffolds based on nanosponges. The sudden explosion of research in this working
area signifies cyclodextrin nanosponge based products in the market soon.
Outcomes of Methadone Maintenance Therapy Combined with Rilpivirine/Efavirenz in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Huang Shizhen , Yang Cuixian , Xin Jiaying , Xie Ronghui , Yang Xinping , Zhang Ruimin , Li Xia , Zhang Bo , Lei Suyun , Hong Lizhu , Dong Xingqi , Li Huiqin 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Injecting drugs is associated with a high risk of HIV infection, alongside
the risk of a drug overdose and mental health problems.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) combined with
rilpivirine (RPV)-based regimens on drug use of HIV individuals.

Methods:
This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, drug-drug interaction trial at a single
center for 24 weeks. Participants on stable MMT were randomly divided into two groups administered
RPV/TDF/3TC (RPV group) and EFV/TDF/3TC (EFV group), respectively. Adjustment
doses of methadone were monitored for 12 weeks. HIV-1 RNA was used to evaluate the effects of
antiretroviral therapy at week 24. Acute opioid withdrawal-, drug craving questionnaire- and MOSHIV
scales were used to assess study outcomes.

Results:
22 and 18 cases of HIV-infected drug users were recruited in the RPV and EFV groups, respectively. Thirty-one cases had completed monitoring and clinical evaluation at week 24. In the RPV and EFV groups, 32% and 56% of the participants had methadone dose adjustment, respectively, indicating a significantly lower rate in the RPV group. The rates of individuals with HIV RNA levels from 50-500 copies/ml were 94% (RPV group) and 90% (EFV group). The drug craving questionnaire scale scores decreased in both groups. After one week of treatments, acute opioid withdrawal scale scores increased in both groups, with no significant difference between them.

Conclusion:
Concomitant administration of RPV does not significantly affect methadone and
could decrease withdrawal symptoms. An RPV-based regimen may be used as first-line treatment
in IDUs with HIV infection.
Assessment Relation of Myocardial Detector Counts and Administered Activity
of 99mTc-SestaMIBI in MPI: The Effects of Body Weight, BMI, and
Gender
Authors: Tajik-Mansoury Mohammad Ali , Mazinani Mahdi , Sabour Mahsa , Jadidi Majid , Peer- Firozjaei Milad , Asadian Nader 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
In myocardial perfusion imaging, reducing the number of photons in images
of obese patients causes poor image quality. To solve this problem, we need to inject the tracer
according to the patients' weight. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between
myocardial photon counts with patients' weight, BMI, and gender.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 129 patients underwent myocardial perfusion imaging in a twoday
stress-first protocol, but only rest images were included in this study. Multiplication factor
was used to determine the amount of
radiopharmaceutical activity injected into the patients. For evaluating the effect of gender, the photon
counts of 22 female patients were also assessed when the breast tissue was pulled upward
(Breast Up). The total myocardial detector counts in the raw images were calculated from the summation
of 32 projections. A multiple linear regression test was used to simultaneously examine the
effects of weight, BMI, and gender on photon counts.

Results:
There was no significant relationship between photon counts and patients' weight
(p=0.129) and BMI (0.406), but gender had significant effects on photon counts, and myocardial
detector counts were found to be higher in males (p=0.00). There was a statistically significant difference
between the images of Breast Up and Non-Breast Up, and myocardial detector counts were
higher in the Breast Up imaging method (p=0.00).

Conclusion:
Using the bodyweight formula, the image quality was comparable in obese and lean
patients, but myocardial detector counts were lower in females, and this formula needs to be adjusted
according to the patient's gender.
Exercise-Induced MicroRNA Regulation in the Mice Nervous System is Maintained After Activity Cessation
Authors: Carvalho Andrea , Zanon Sonia , Lucas Guilherme 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Physical exercise can improve synaptic function and protect the nervous
system against many diseases by altering gene regulation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as vital
regulators of gene expression and protein synthesis not only in the muscular system, but also in
the brain.

Objective:
Here we investigated whether exercise-induced miRs expression in the nervous and muscular
systems is activity-dependent or it remains regulated even after exercise cessation.

Methods:
The expression profile of miR-1, -16, and -206 was monitored by RT-PCR in the dorsal
root ganglion, in the spinal cord dorsal and ventral horn, and in the soleus muscle of mice after 5
weeks of swimming training and after swimming exercise followed by 4 weeks of sedentary conditions.
Control animals consisted of mice that swan daily for 30s during the 5-weeks training period,
returning to the non-swimming activity for additional 4 weeks.

Results:
After exercise, miR-1 was upregulated in all tissues investigated. However, the upregulation
of miR-1 continued significantly high in both aspects of the spinal cord and in the soleus muscle.
The expression profiles of miR-16, and -206 were increased only in the nervous system. However,
miR-16 upregulation persisted in the DRG and in the spinal cord after exercise interruption,
whereas miR-206 continued upregulated only in the spinal cord ventral horn.

Conclusion:
Exercise training can cause long-lasting changes in the expression of miRs independently
of exercise maintenance. Spatial and temporal expression of miRs is to some extent dependent
on this activity. The data raised a new conceptual hypothesis on the biogenesis of miRs, indicating
that long-lasting and systematic exercise can potentially cause irreversible miR regulation after
activity cessation.
Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of Tea Tree Oil Anti-Dandruff
Shampoo
Authors: Yousaf Abid Mehmood , Umar Humra , Mahmood Tariq , Hussain Talib , Aslam Rabia , Shahzad Yasser 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting half of the population of the
world.

Objective:
The current study aimed at developing anti-dandruff shampoos containing tea tree oil, which
is believed to be effective against Malassezia furfur, a fungus involved in dandruff production.

Methodology:
Various shampoos containing tea tree oil in 0.5 to 3% concentration were prepared after
careful selection of various shampoo ingredients. The formulated shampoos were subjected to various
quality tests such as pH, viscosity, foam production, dirt dispersion, wetting time, surface tension, solid
contents, and antimicrobial activity against a model fungal strain, namely Candida albicans. The formulated
shampoos were also compared with the marketed shampoos for quality attributes.

Results:
The results revealed that tea tree oil shampoos had pH values in the range of 5 – 6, which is
close to the slightly acidic skin’s pH and considered as good for hair. All other quality attributes were
comparable to the marketed products. The marketed shampoos had superior antifungal activity due to the
presence of zinc pyrithione or a higher concentration of salicylic acid or selenium sulfide. Notwithstanding,
the tea tree oil shampoos demonstrated an appreciable antifungal activity due to synergistic effects
of tea tree oil, sodium lauryl sulphate, and salicylic acid. Furthermore, the tea tree oil shampoos were
stable during two months-long stability testing.

Conclusion:
Thus, tea tree oil anti-dandruff shampoos have the potential to address the dandruff problem.
Authors: Crihan Ecaterina 
Published: April 2021

O aparecimento do Ártico nos media internacionais não será uma novidade nos próximos anos, visto que esta região ganhou uma maior importância no século XXI. Sendo uma zona rica em recursos hidrográficos não é de estranhar que os países costeiros possuam interesse sobre a mesma. Atualmente, já se destaca um país que desde a terceira presidência do seu líder avançou bastante e ganhou o estatuto de líder Ártico - a Rússia de Vladimir Putin.
Tendo a maior frota de quebra-gelos e sendo beneficiado pela natureza por ter a parte mais rica em recursos naturais do Ártico, é evidente que Moscovo tudo fará para a proteger e procurará estender a sua plataforma continental até ao Pólo Norte.
Mesmo não sendo reconhecido internacionalmente, os russos consideram a Northern Sea Route como parte da sua zona de influência ártica. Para poder competir com o Canal do Suez, a Rússia investiu em infra-estruturas e transporte, procurando atrair parceiros estrangeiros para desenvolver mais a sua parte do Ártico.
O risco aumenta quando o Kremlin militariza a zona ártica, e a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte organiza na região os treinos militares que têm por base o artigo 5 do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (BBC News, 2019, n.d).
O presente estudo de caso baseia-se numa análise documental de natureza hipotético-dedutiva, e possui o objetivo de procurar identificar as características da política externa e da estratégia russa, durante o terceiro mandato presidencial de Putin 2012-2018.
PENERAPAN COOPERATIVE SCRIPT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA KELAS VIII C SMP NEGERI 2 TEMON KULON PROGO
Authors: Raharjo Langgeng 
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implement-tasi pembelajaran cooperative script dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan meningkatkan keatifan siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Temon. Dengan menggunakan metode cooperative script diharapkan mengefektifkan pembelajaran khususnya pembelajar-an IPS. Subyek penelitian ditujukan pada seluruh siswa kelas VIII C SMP N 2 Temon Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis secara diskripsi kualitatif dengan analisisnya menggunakan teknik analisis kritis model siklus melalui langkah: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data meliputi pengamatan dan dokumen pre test dan post test tiap siklus. Pada kondisi siklus I hasil belajar siswa rendah, siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 30 (93.75%) siswa; nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 2 (6.25%) siswa. Hasil post testnya siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 19 (59.37%); nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 13 (40.63%) siswa. Ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus ini 13 (63.75%) siswa dengan kondisi awalnya hanya 2 (43.13%) siswa. Pada pre tes siklus II, siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 28 (87.50%) siswa; nilai 76-100 sebanyak 4 (12.50%) siswa. Pada post testnya siswa yang mendapat nilai < 76 sebanyak 15 (46.88%); nilai 76 -100 sebanyak 17 (53.12%) siswa. Ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus ini 17 (71.88%) siswa dengan kondisi awalnya hanya 4 (43.75%) siswa. Skor keaktifan pra siklus secara keseluruhan adalah 49,61 % dan ini masuk dalam kategori kurang aktif. Skor keaktifan siklus 1 secara keseluruhan adalah 57,52 %. Keaktifan siklus 2 secara keseluruhan adalah 85,55 % dan ini masuk dalam kategori sangat aktif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukan penggunaan model cooperative script dapat manjadikan siswa lebih aktif dari pembelajaran sebelumnya, yakni pada siklus 2 menunjukan pada posisi sangat aktif.
Improved Environment-Aware–Based Noise Reduction System for Cochlear Implant Users Based on a Knowledge Transfer Approach: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Li Lieber Po-Hung , Han Ji-Yan , Zheng Wei-Zhong , Huang Ren-Jie , Lai Ying-Hui 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCochlear implant technology is a well-known approach to help deaf individuals hear speech again and can improve speech intelligibility in quiet conditions; however, it still has room for improvement in noisy conditions. More recently, it has been proven that deep learning–based noise reduction, such as noise classification and deep denoising autoencoder (NC+DDAE), can benefit the intelligibility performance of patients with cochlear implants compared to classical noise reduction algorithms.ObjectiveFollowing the successful implementation of the NC+DDAE model in our previous study, this study aimed to propose an advanced noise reduction system using knowledge transfer technology, called NC+DDAE_T; examine the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system using objective evaluations and subjective listening tests; and investigate which layer substitution of the knowledge transfer technology in the NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system provides the best outcome.MethodsThe knowledge transfer technology was adopted to reduce the number of parameters of the NC+DDAE_T compared with the NC+DDAE. We investigated which layer should be substituted using short-time objective intelligibility and perceptual evaluation of speech quality scores as well as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to visualize the features in each model layer. Moreover, we enrolled 10 cochlear implant users for listening tests to evaluate the benefits of the newly developed NC+DDAE_T.ResultsThe experimental results showed that substituting the middle layer (ie, the second layer in this study) of the noise-independent DDAE (NI-DDAE) model achieved the best performance gain regarding short-time objective intelligibility and perceptual evaluation of speech quality scores. Therefore, the parameters of layer 3 in the NI-DDAE were chosen to be replaced, thereby establishing the NC+DDAE_T. Both objective and listening test results showed that the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system achieved similar performances compared with the previous NC+DDAE in several noisy test conditions. However, the proposed NC+DDAE_T only required a quarter of the number of parameters compared to the NC+DDAE.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that knowledge transfer technology can help reduce the number of parameters in an NC+DDAE while keeping similar performance rates. This suggests that the proposed NC+DDAE_T model may reduce the implementation costs of this noise reduction system and provide more benefits for cochlear implant users.
Public Discussion of Anthrax on Twitter: Using Machine Learning to Identify Relevant Topics and Events
Authors: Miller Michele , Romine William , Oroszi Terry 
Published: April 2021

Background
Social media allows researchers to study opinions and reactions to events in real time. One area needing more study is anthrax-related events. A computational framework that utilizes machine learning techniques was created to collect tweets discussing anthrax, further categorize them as relevant by the month of data collection, and detect discussions on anthrax-related events.

Objective
The objective of this study was to detect discussions on anthrax-related events and to determine the relevance of the tweets and topics of discussion over 12 months of data collection.

Methods
This is an infoveillance study, using tweets in English containing the keyword “Anthrax” and “Bacillus anthracis”, collected from September 25, 2017, through August 15, 2018. Machine learning techniques were used to determine what people were tweeting about anthrax. Data over time was plotted to determine whether an event was detected (a 3-fold spike in tweets). A machine learning classifier was created to categorize tweets by relevance to anthrax. Relevant tweets by month were examined using a topic modeling approach to determine the topics of discussion over time and how these events influence that discussion.

Results
Over the 12 months of data collection, a total of 204,008 tweets were collected. Logistic regression analysis revealed the best performance for relevance (precision=0.81; recall=0.81; F1-score=0.80). In total, 26 topics were associated with anthrax-related events, tweets that were highly retweeted, natural outbreaks, and news stories.

Conclusions
This study shows that tweets related to anthrax can be collected and analyzed over time to determine what people are discussing and to detect key anthrax-related events. Future studies are required to focus only on opinion tweets, use the methodology to study other terrorism events, or to monitor for terrorism threats.
Ethical Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Evidence From Health Research on Veterans
Authors: Makridis Christos , Hurley Seth , Klote Mary , Alterovitz Gil 
Published: April 2021

Background
Despite widespread agreement that artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant benefits for individuals and society at large, there are also serious challenges to overcome with respect to its governance. Recent policymaking has focused on establishing principles for the trustworthy use of AI. Adhering to these principles is especially important for ensuring that the development and application of AI raises economic and social welfare, including among vulnerable groups and veterans.

Objective
We explore the newly developed principles around trustworthy AI and how they can be readily applied at scale to vulnerable groups that are potentially less likely to benefit from technological advances.

Methods
Using the US Department of Veterans Affairs as a case study, we explore the principles of trustworthy AI that are of particular interest for vulnerable groups and veterans.

Results
We focus on three principles: (1) designing, developing, acquiring, and using AI so that the benefits of its use significantly outweigh the risks and the risks are assessed and managed; (2) ensuring that the application of AI occurs in well-defined domains and is accurate, effective, and fit for the intended purposes; and (3) ensuring that the operations and outcomes of AI applications are sufficiently interpretable and understandable by all subject matter experts, users, and others.

Conclusions
These principles and applications apply more generally to vulnerable groups, and adherence to them can allow the VA and other organizations to continue modernizing their technology governance, leveraging the gains of AI while simultaneously managing its risks.