bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Abustang Perawati Bte , Jusmawati Jusmawati , Megawati Megawati 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Melalui Model pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala II Kota Makassar. Pendekatan yang digunakan ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala II Kota Makassar dengan jumlah siswa 28 orang. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu, observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia dimana hasil belajar pada siklus I memperoleh nilai dengan persentase 25% dan pada siklus II memperoleh nilai dengan persentase 86% dan dikategorikan sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading And Composition (CIRC) pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia telah meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Inpres Bangkala II Kota Makassar.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN LOGIS MATEMATIS HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 2 SESENAPADANG KAB.MAMASA
Authors: Mengan Mengan , Jeranah Jeranah , Hadi Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan logis matematis terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sesenapadang Kabupaten Mamasa. penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex-post facto. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sesenapadang yang terdiri dari satu kelas dengan jumlah 25 siswa sekaligus menjadi sampel penelitian. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Dari hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan kecerdasan logis matematis siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sesenapadang dikategorikan tinggi, berada pada interval Dengan nilai rata –rata sebesar 80,60 dan standar deviasi 10,992. Kemudian hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sesenapadang dikategorikan tinggi, berada pada interval 75 – 89 dengan nilai rata–rata 70,160 dan standar deviasi 1,61366. Kemudian persamaan regresinya adalah . Hasil statistik inferensial menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan logis matematis berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sesenapadang dengan kontribusi 67,8%.
The Study of Dust Formation of Four Type Ibn Supernovae
Authors: Gan Wen-Pei , Wang Shan-Qin , Liang En-Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the early-time optical–near-infrared (NIR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of four Type Ibn supernovae (SNe). We find that the SEDs of SN 2010al, LSQ13ddu, and SN 2015G can be well explained by the single-component blackbody model, while the SEDs of OGLE-2012-SN-006 cannot. We invoke the double-component model assuming that the SEDs were produced by the SN photosphere and the heated dust to fit the optical−NIR SEDs of the four SNe Ibn, finding that the derived temperatures of the dust associated with OGLE-2012-SN-006 favor the scenario that the dust consists of the graphite grains, and the mass and temperature of dust are ∼0.5–2.0 × 10−3
M
⊙ and ∼1200–1300 K, respectively. Moreover, our fits for SN 2010al, LSQ13ddu, and SN 2015G show that the upper limits of the masses of the dust associated with the three SNe Ibn are respectively 1.45 × 10−5
M
⊙, 5.9 × 10−7
M
⊙, and 2.4 × 10−7
M
⊙. A further analysis demonstrates that the inferred radius of the dust shell surrounding OGLE-2012-SN-006 is significantly larger than that of the SN ejecta at early epochs, indicating that the NIR excesses of the SEDs of OGLE-2012-SN-006 were produced by a preexisting dust shell. Our study for the early-time SEDs of four SNe Ibn, together with the previous studies and the fact that some SNe showed evidence of dust formation at the late-time SEDs, indicates that at least ∼1/3 of SNe Ibn show evidence for dust formation.
X-Ray Emission from Isolated Neutron Stars Revisited: 3D Magnetothermal Simulations
Authors: De Grandis Davide , Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Gnarini Andrea , Popov Sergei B. , Zane Silvia , Wood Toby S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
X-ray emission from the surface of isolated neutron stars (NSs) has been now observed in a variety of sources. The ubiquitous presence of pulsations clearly indicates that thermal photons either come from a limited area, possibly heated by some external mechanism, or from the entire (cooling) surface but with an inhomogeneous temperature distribution. In an NS the thermal map is shaped by the magnetic field topology since heat flows in the crust mostly along the magnetic field lines. Self-consistent surface thermal maps can hence be produced by simulating the coupled magnetic and thermal evolution of the star. We compute the evolution of the NS crust in three dimensions for different initial configurations of the magnetic field and use the ensuing thermal surface maps to derive the spectrum and the pulse profile as seen by an observer at infinity, accounting for general-relativistic effects. In particular, we compare cases with a high degree of symmetry with inherently 3D ones, obtained by adding a quadrupole to the initial dipolar field. Axially symmetric fields result in rather small pulsed fractions (≲5%), while more complex configurations produce higher pulsed fractions, up to ∼25%. We find that the spectral properties of our axisymmetric model are close to those of the bright isolated NS RX J1856.5-3754 at an evolutionary time comparable with the inferred dynamical age of the source.
Réflexions d’un pianiste confiné
Authors: Réach Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Un confinement est une redoutable épreuve pour un musicien : il impose repli, solitude, impossibilité de transmettre, et annulation ou report de toute apparition publique. Ce sont cette résilience, ces souffrances mais aussi cette persévérance dans mon travail personnel, notamment des sonates de Beethoven ainsi que ces espérances vécues ces derniers mois que j’ai souhaité reproduire dans mes « Réflexions d’un pianiste confiné ».
Le schizophrène en mal d’objet, de Vassilis Kapsambelis
Authors: Chambrier-Slama Josiane 
Published: June 2021

Dans son livre, V. Kapsambelis, découpe de manière originale le champ clinico-théorique de la schizophrénie et propose une étude du fonctionnement du couple moi-objet qui enrichit toute la psychopathologie.
L’enseignement du fait religieux : une enquête dans trois collèges
Authors: Urbanski Sébastien 
Published: June 2021

L’article présente les résultats d’une enquête destinée à mieux connaître l’opinion des enseignants à l’égard du projet ministériel d’enseignement du (des) fait(s) religieux. Une courte partie quantitative permet d’émettre des hypothèses concernant une influence possible de la croyance religieuse et de l’ancienneté sur les avis exprimés. Une partie qualitative permet d’identifier des thèmes controversés, par exemple : quelle est la part du culturel et du collectif dans le fait religieux ? L’enseignement du (des) fait(s) religieux permet-il en tant que tel d’éduquer à la tolérance ? Plus généralement, l’article montre que certaines oppositions subsistent à l’égard du projet ministériel, ce qui pose la question de la mise en œuvre effective du curriculum.
Apprendre par corps l’empathie à l’école : tout un programme ?
Authors: Zanna Omar 
Published: June 2021

Ces dix dernières années, un réel regain d’intérêt pour le concept d’empathie voit le jour ; il cherche à renouveler l’interprétation des logiques de compréhension et d’action dans les relations sociales. Ce chantier théorique en construction commence déjà à produire des effets dans les recherches en sociologie, en psychologie des apprentissages et en sciences de l’éducation. La recherche-action-intervention titrée « De l’empathie pour lutter contre le harcèlement à l’école », menée avec des classes de CM1-CM2 (élèves âgés entre neuf et onze ans) au cours des années 2012-2014, en est une illustration. Ce programme d’éducation à l’empathie propose aux élèves de vivre des situations, permettant d’accéder à la reconnaissance de l’Autre, à partir d’une médiation des émotions générées par la mise en scène des corps. Les lignes qui suivent proposent de restituer la procédure et quelques résultats de ce travail, non sans en avoir au préalable précisé la genèse.
Divergence of plastid 2-oxoglutarate “only” transporters away from general transporters by using a cysteine-rich architecture
Authors: Gunawardana D. 
Published: June 2021

The common carbon and nitrogen currency, 2-oxoglutarate, could become a valuable resource for nitrogen assimilation and carbon centered biochemical fates. Here in this in silico study, a myriad of factors was used, namely phylogeny, sequence comparisons, and presence and location of clustered cysteines in specific plastid transporters of 2-oxoglutarate, to examine their evolution away from more generalized transporters. This transition would be to adopt the capability of internalizing 2-oxoglutarate alone or with superior specificities at the expense of malate. In phylogeny, the specific 2-oxoglutarate transporters (Cluster 1) are clustered in a separate clade away from 2 clades of general transporters (Cluster 2 and 3). The exclusivity (Cluster 1) and promiscuity of transporters (Cluster 2 and 3) compared to Arabidopsis counterparts characterized prior to this study, were used as a benchmark for my study. Within this mother clade of exclusive transporters, C4 and C3 2-oxoglutarate transporters once again form separate clusters of monophyly. Furthermore, a pattern of Cys –X-X-Cys-X(19)-Cys is conserved within the 2-oxo-glutarate only transporters that is missing in general transporters. Cysteines which are functionally key residues are inferred to be mediating intra- or inter-reactive disulfide bond formation or using a thiol (sulfhydryl) group for transport or to be forming a metal binding site. When a disulfide bond prediction tool was employed, it showed with negligible doubt that the Cys-X-X Cys-X(19) -Cys region was a strong contender for 2 separate disulfide bonds, although the middle cysteine was predicted to be involved in both. In addition, Cluster 2 general Zea mays C4 transporters are shown to be more recalcitrant to mutations of cysteines, compared to Panicum and Oryza counterparts. The study of 2-oxoglutarate and its availability in the chloroplast could play a two-prong role in C4 plants: to be a candidate for synthesis of bundle sheath cell Rubisco enzyme, which makes up ~50% of plant proteins, via ammonia assimilation, and even playing a role in carbon-centered biochemical pathways. This study could greatly facilitate choices in the tinkering of the right transporters for a future C4 rice in a climate change impacted world.
Proinflammatory Features of Stem Cell–like Memory T Cells from Human Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lee Ye Ji , Park Eun Hye , Park Jun Won , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Lee Eun Bong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stem cell–like memory T (Tscm) cells are a subset of memory T cells that have characteristics of stem cells. The characteristics of Tscm cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not well known. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ Tscm cells in PBMCs and synovial fluid mononuclear cells was measured. After confirming the stem cell nature of Tscm cells, we examined their pathogenicity in RA patients and healthy controls (HCs) by assessing T cell activation markers and cytokine secretion after stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and/or IL-6. Finally, RNA transcriptome patterns in Tscm cells from RA patients were compared with those in HCs. In this study, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ Tscm cells in total T cells was significantly higher in RA patients than in HCs. Tscm cells self-proliferated and differentiated into memory and effector T cell subsets when stimulated. Compared with Tscm cells from HCs, Tscm cells from RA patients were more easily activated by anti-CD3/CD28 beads augmented by IL-6. Transcriptome analyses revealed that Tscm cells from RA patients showed a pattern distinct from those in HCs; RA-specific transcriptome patterns were not completely resolved in RA patients in complete clinical remission. In conclusion, Tscm cells from RA patients show a transcriptionally distinct pattern and are easily activated to produce inflammatory cytokines when stimulated by TCRs in the presence of IL-6. Tscm cells can be a continuous source of pathogenicity in RA.
Diagnostic value of microRNA-106a-5p in patients with psoriasis and its regulatory role in inflammatory responses
Authors: Miao Xiaolin , Tong Xinyun , Hu Jingsang , Wang Juan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Psoriasis is a multifactorial, recurring, and chronic inflammatory skin disease.

Objectives:
This study was designed to explore the potential role of microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p) in psoriasis.

Methods:
The expression levels of miR-106a-5p in the serum of psoriasis patients and healthy individuals were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic value of miR-106a-5p in serum was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of interleukin-22 (IL-22), IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for the target gene verification.

Results:
The serum expression of miR-106a-5p was found to be upregulated in psoriasis patients. ROC curve showed that miR-106a-5p had high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of psoriasis. The correlation between the serum expression level of miR-106a-5p and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was positive. The relative expression levels of IL-17A, IL-22, and TNF-alpha in serum of psoriasis patients were significantly upregulated compared with that in healthy controls, and showed a positive association with serum miR-106a-5p levels. Cell experiments demonstrated that upregulation of miR-106a-5p could promote cell proliferation, and the levels of IL-22, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha were upregulated significantly in M5-induced HaCaT cells. Phosphatase and tensin homolog was proved to be the target gene of miR-106a-5p.

Conclusion:
Considering the novel and vital role in psoriasis progression, miR-106a-5p is expected to be a new potent target for the treatment of psoriasis. MiR-106-5p was expected to use for more immunity diseases research and therapy.
Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer
Authors: Liang Qiankun , Du Xiaojuan , Mao Lanfang , Wang Guopan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate essential biological processes and play essential roles in a variety of cancers. The present study screened differentially expressed RBPs, analyzed their function and constructed a prognostic model to predict the overall survival of patients with CRC.

Methods:
We downloaded CRC RNA-sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal and screened differentially expressed RBPs. Then, functional analyses of these genes were performed, and a risk model was established by multivariate Cox regression.

Results:
We obtained 132 differentially expressed RBPs, including 66 upregulated and 66 downregulated RBPs. Functional analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in RNA processing, modification and binding, ribosome biogenesis, post-transcriptional regulation, ribonuclease and nuclease activity. Additionally, some RBPs were significantly related to interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-beta biosynthetic processes and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. A prognostic model was constructed and included insulin like growth factor 2 messenger ribonucleic acid binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), poly (A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 like (PABPC1L), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), peptidyl- transfer ribonucleic acid hydrolase 1 homolog (PTRH1) and tudor domain containing 7 (TDRD7). The model is an independent risk factor for clinicopathological characteristics.

Conclusion:
Our study provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of CRC and constructed a prognostic gene model, which may be helpful for determining the prognosis of CRC.
Impact of COVID-19 on Nutrition, Food Security, and Dietary Diversity and Quality in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Nigeria
Authors: Madzorera Isabel , Ismail Abbas , Hemler Elena C. , Korte Michelle L. , Olufemi Adedokun A. , Wang Dongqing , Assefa Nega , Workneh Firehiwot , Lankoande Bruno , Chukwu Angela , Ourohire Millogo , Mattei Josiemer , Soura Abdramane , Berhane Yemane , Sie Ali , Oduola Ayoade , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can have far-reaching consequences for developing countries through the combined effects of infection and mortality, and the mitigation measures that can impact food systems and diets. Using a mobile platform, this cross-sectional study evaluated the effect of COVID-19 on food prices and dietary quality for 1797 households in Nouna and Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Addis Ababa and Kersa in Ethiopia, and Lagos and Ibadan in Nigeria. We assessed the consumption of 20 food groups during the previous 7 days. The dietary diversity scores (DDS) and Prime Diet Quality Scores (PDQS) were used to assess dietary diversity and quality. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear models to evaluate associations between price changes for staples, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods (ASFs) with the DDS and PDQS PDQS. Most participants reported increasing prices of staples, pulses, fruits, vegetables and ASF, and ≥ 40% reported the decreased consumption of staples, legumes, and other vegetables and fruits. The DDS (except in Kersa and Ouagadougou) and PDQS were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher pulse prices were associated with lower DDS (estimate, −0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.74 to 0.03; P = 0.07) in the combined analysis and in Burkina Faso (estimate, −0.47; 95% CI, −0.82 to −0.11). Higher vegetable prices were positively associated with the DDS (estimate, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.37). Lower crop production (estimate, −0.54; 95% CI, −0.80 to −0.27) was associated with lower DDS. The price increases and worsening dietary diversity and quality call for social protection and other strategies to increase the availability and affordability of nutrient-rich foods during the COVID-19 pandemic and public health emergencies.
KETERLIBATAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PARIWISATA DI KAWASAN LINGKAR GUNUNG RINJANI LOMBOK NTB
Authors: Susanty Sri , Yulendra Lalu 
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan pariwisata memberikan variasi pekerjaan bagi perempuan selain menekuni pekerjaan tradisional sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan membantu suami bekerja di sawah maupun ladang. Keberadaan pariwisata di Lingkar Gunung Rinjani membuka peluang usaha bagi masyarakat local khususnya para perempuan. Masalah database tentang keterlibatan tenaga kerja perempuan masih menjadi kendala utama di NTB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendata dan mengidentifikasi keterlibatan perempuan di Kawasan Lingkar Gunung Rinjani khususnya di Desa Sembalun dan Desa Senaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini membahas keterlibatan perempuan dalam pariwisata di Kawasan Lingkar Gunung Rinjani Lombok NTB yang berlokasi di jalur pendakian Desa Sembalun dan Desa Senaru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan yang bekerja pada sector pariwisata di Desa Sembalun sebanyak 10 orang. Mereka terlibat dalam usaha penginapan (40%), camping ground (10%), souvenir (10%), kuliner (20%), women guide (10%), dan agrowisata (10%). Partisipasi perempuan berdasarkan karakteristiknya yang paling dominan yaitu: perempuan dengan rentang usia usia 23-32 (50%), sudah menikah (90%), status pekerjaan sebagai pengelola (90%), lama tinggal lebih dari 35 tahun (40%), lama bekerja 1-2 tahun (30%) dan 3-4 tahun (30%), pendidikan terakhir SMA (60%), dan pendapatan per bulan rentang Rp.4.000.000-Rp.6.000.000 per bulan. Perempuan yang bekerja pada sector pariwisata di Desa senaru sebanyak 27 orang. Mereka terlibat dalam usaha pemandu wisata (74%), kuliner (12%), laundry (7%), dan industry kreatif (7%). Partisipasi perempuan berdasarkan karakteristiknya yang paling dominan yaitu: perempuan dengan rentang usia usia 18-27 (67%), sudah menikah (74%), status pekerjaan sebagai karyawan (85%), lama tinggal antara 15-24 tahun (57%), lama bekerja 1-2 tahun (41%), pendidikan terakhir SMA (67%), dan pendapatan per bulan rentang Rp.1.000.000-Rp.3.000.000 per bulan. Dalam melaksanakan perannya sebagai seorang pekerja, mereka juga dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan seperti lemahnya pendidikan dan pelatihan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan profesi mereka, keterbatasan dalam modal usaha, dan lemahnya jiwa wirausaha. Adapun saran yang diberikan yaitu (1) penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif yang belum menggali secara maksimal keterlibatan perempuan dalam industry pariwisata, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian kualitatif untuk memperkaya data keterlibatan perempuan. (2) Untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pekerja perempuan, maka perlu memberikan pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam upaya peningkatan kapasitas individu dan kelompok, stimulus modal usaha, dan mendorong pengembangan kewirausahaan di kalangan masyarakat.
BANTUAN DANA BERGULIR UNTUK INDUSTRI RUMAHAN TERDAMPAK COVID -19 DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS STIE 45 MATARAM
Authors: Netrawati I Gusti Ayu Oka , Nuada I Wayan , Suastina IGPB , Maryanti Sri , Faezal Faezal , Suharti Suharti , Fitri Syarifah Massuki 
Published: June 2021

Turunnya tingkat pendapatan keluarga adalah dampak pandemi Covid-19. Keadaan ini dialami oleh seluruh masyarakant Indonesia secara umum, tidak terkecuali para pengusaha kecil yang disebut industri rumahan di daerah sekitar kampus STIE 45 Mataram. Peran para pelaku industri kecil rumahan ini tidak bisa dianggap remeh dalam membantu penguatan ekonomi keluarga dalam lingkup kecil, dan menjadi motor penggerak ekonomi masyarakat dalam lingkup yang lebih luas. Terdorong akan hal ini, kami dari akademisi berpartipasi dalam melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat dengan menyalurkan bantuan dana bergulir walaupun dengan jumlah dan besaran yang terbatas. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah selain memberikan bantuan dalam segi modal operasional, juga diharapkan bisa membantu penggiat usaha rumahan dalam proses pengelolaan keuangan secara efektif dan efisien melalui pencatatan dan penggunaan sistem akuntansi sederhana dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya. Disisi lain, beroperasinya kegiatan pelaku usaha rumahan ini juga diharapkan mampu menggerakkan roda perekonomian masyarakat yang tergerus akibat Pandemi.
PENGARUH IKLAN, PESTER POWER DAN PENEMPATAN PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ORANG TUA PADA KINDER JOY DI GIANT EKSPRESS MATARAM
Authors: Oktiani Asri , Marlianti Nurul 
Published: June 2021

Di era Modern pemasar mulai melirik pasar anak-anak sebagai sasaran pemasaran produknya, anak- anak dianggap sebagai pemberi pemberi pengaruh pada proses keputusan membeli orangtua. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pester power, penempatan produk dan pengaruh iklan terhadap keputusan orang tua membeli kinderjoy untuk anaknya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependent. Sebanyak 48 responden yang melakukan pembelian di Giant express Mataram selama bulan agustus 2020 dijasikan responden dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Pester Power ( X1) , Penempatan Produk ( X2) dan juga pengaruh iklan ( X3) berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap keputusan orang tua membelikan kinder joy untuk anaknya hal ini dibuktikan dengan melihat nilai sig. Kurang dari 0.05, sedangkan fariabel pester power ( X1 ) menjadi variabel yang dominan dengan nilai beta tertinggi yakni 0,784 sehingga ketiga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima.