bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) on Human Malignant Mesotheliomal Cells
Authors: Kim Na‐yon , Kim Hang‐ah , Kim Myung‐chul , Seo Yu‐ri , Kim Yongbaek 
Published: June 2021

It is widely accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with the acquisition of malignancy in cancer cells. The ROS are also known to contribute to the mesothelial carcinogenesis linked to asbestos exposure and accompanying inflammation. The present study was performed to determine the effects of ROS on the biological phenotypes of human malignant mesotheliomal (HMM) cells.HMM cell lines were cultured and treated with H2O2 at different concentrations, and subjected to the analysis of the cancer‐related characteristics. Treatment of HMM cells with H2O2 decreased cell survival. In wound healing assay, increased number of migrated cells was observed as H2O2 concentration increased. Clonogenicity assay revealed that the number of small sized colony was increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis by PI staining showed that H2O2 induce S phase arrest in HMM cells. The study results suggest that increase in ROS concentration to some extent influences the overall biological characteristics of HMM. Though treated H2O2 did not highly affect the viability of cells, it induced change in mobility, clone forming ability, and cell cycle distribution, indicating that ROS is not a passive bystander but a driving force of acquirement of aggressive phenotypes.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant #: NRF‐2013R1A2A2A01068237)
SciCats: An Integrative Outreach Initiative to Enhance STEM Education in Our Community
Authors: Krentz Madeline , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo bolster the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) education of K‐12 students by providing dynamic, hands‐on experiences aligned with national education standards while providing professional‐development for university students.MethodsUniversity of Kentucky (UK) students in the allied‐sciences programs volunteer to work with an elementary school class for a calendar year. Graduate students collaborate with UK professors and their assigned teachers to design lesson plans in line with the core standards tailored to be palatable to specific grade levels. Lessons are led by UK students in order to offer advanced science students an experience in teaching and conveying difficult concepts at a lay level. Gifted high‐school students also work on developing exciting experiments for primary school students.ResultsElementary student science interest increased drastically in the first four trial months of this initiative. Interest in science for students that originally reported that they did not like science has also increased. UK graduate students involved in the program have noticeably enhanced communication skills over students who have not yet chosen to participate in the program. Post‐secondary science students are not commonly taught how to teach, and participation in this program allows them to learn, practice, and perfect the art of teaching and communicating with the mentorship of a professional <a>educator.</a>ConclusionParticipation in the program increases scientific education of K‐12 students. UK students who participate in the program gain the teaching and communication skill, organization and preparedness, and the community‐outreach commitment qualities valued in academic and industrial researchers alike.
Maternal Delay and Social Discounting Behavior Predicts Impaired Mother‐Infant Bonding, Maternal Stress, and Paternal Involvement
Authors: Brents Lisa , Young Jonathan , Knight Bettina , Coker Jessica , Ray‐Griffith Shona , James Andrew , Stowe Zachary , Kilts Clint 
Published: June 2021

Maternal care is a major determinant of offspring well‐being, but psychiatric conditions, such as depression and addiction, can interfere with maternal behavior and lead to poor offspring outcomes. We report an ongoing pilot study performed to develop tasks that objectively quantify maternal behavior in three groups of early postpartum women: healthy, depressed and opioid dependent. These innovative tasks are modified classical behavioral paradigms that exploit the Stroop effect (infant Stroop task, iStroop), and delay and social discounting (Maternal Baby Discounting Task, MBDT). Preliminary pooled data (n=4) show strong correlations between multiple MBDT discounting behaviors and mother‐infant bonding (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire), stress (Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form), and paternal involvement (Parental Responsibility Scale). Lower delay and infant discounting was associated with impaired bonding, pathological anger and rejection, total stress, and paternal involvement. As expected in the iStroop, infant emotion (distressed versus neutral) had no effect as a distractor in this small, primarily depressed sample.Early results suggest that the iStroop and MBDT predict bonding, stress, paternal support and sensitivity to infant cues. The format of these tasks makes them ideal for use in neuroimaging studies to provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying normal and disrupted maternal brain‐behavior development. This study was supported by NIH 2T32DA022981‐06 and a BIRC Endowment Fund grant.
Mediation of Opioid Analgesia by a Truncated Six Transmembrane G‐Protein‐Coupled Receptor
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Xu Jin , Rossi Grace , Majumdar Susruta , Pasternak Gavril , Pan Ying‐Xian 
Published: June 2021

Potent opioid analgesics lacking side‐effects may be possible by targeting truncated mu receptor splice variants. Mu opioids act through G‐protein coupled receptors generated from the mu opioid receptor (Oprm1) gene which undergoes extensive alternative splicing. The most abundant set of variants encode classical full‐length 7 transmembrane domain (TM) mu opioid receptors that mediate the actions of the traditional mu drugs morphine and methadone. In contrast, IBNtxA (3‐iodobenzoyl‐6β‐naltrexamide) is a potent analgesic against thermal, inflammatory and neuropathic pain whose actions are independent of the 7TM mu opioid receptors and lost in a knockout mouse lacking a set of 6TM truncated mu receptor splice variants. Unlike traditional opioids, IBNtxA has no respiratory depression, physical dependence or reward behavior, suggesting it acts through a novel mu opioid receptor target. Here we demonstrate that a truncated 6TM splice variant, mMOR‐1G, can rescue IBNtxA analgesia in a mu opioid receptor knockout mouse lacking all Oprm1 splice variants due to disruptions of both exons 1 and 11. No mu opioids were active in these mice. A lentivirus containing the 6TM variant mMOR‐1G administered intrathecally restored IBNtxA, but not morphine, analgesia, confirming that a truncated 6TM GPCR is both necessary and sufficient for IBNtxA analgesia.This work was supported by the NIH with grants from NIDA (DA013997 and DA02944) to Y‐X.P. and (DA06241 and DA07242) to G.W.P. and a core grant from the NCI to MSKCC (CA08748).
Ischemia‐Reperfusion‐Inducible Protein Modulates the Activity of Metabolizing Enzymes
Authors: Obianom Obinna , Shu Yan 
Published: June 2021

Ischemia‐Reperfusion‐Inducible Protein (IRIP) belongs to the SUA5/YrdC/YciO protein family. Alterations in this protein have been shown previously to affect the gene expression and activity of various drug transporters via posttranscriptional mechanisms yet to be fully unraveled. Herein, we further evaluate the effect of IRIP on metabolizing enzymes. Microarray study was performed using cDNA obtained from liver tissues of liver specific IRIP knockout and wild‐type mice. We identified several metabolic genes, which were significantly changed in knockout mice compared to wild‐type mice.

Locus ID
Gene Symbol
Gene Description
P‐value
Fold Change

13088
CYP2B10
cytochrome P450
4.74E‐03
2.17

13087
CYP2A5
cytochrome P450
6.37E‐03
0.42

11761
AOX1
aldehyde oxidase 1
5.27E‐03
0.42

14859
GSTA3
glutathione s‐ transferase
5.59E‐03
0.40

13096
CYP2C37
cytochrome P450
7.53E‐03
0.37

14858
GSTA2
glutathione s‐transferase
4.52E‐03
0.37

56615
MGST1
microsomal glutathione s‐transferase 1
9.80E‐04
0.32

71773
UGT2B1
RIKEN cDNA 1300012D20 gene
1.74E‐03
0.30

14857
GSTA1
glutathione s‐transferase
7.10E‐04
0.29

14859
GSTA3
glutathione s‐transferase
1.00E‐04
0.26

14860
GSTA4
glutathione s‐transferase
8.30E‐04
0.25

66447
MGST3
microsomal glutathione s‐transferase 3
1.10E‐04
0.23

11522
ADH1
alcohol dehydrogenase
2.71E‐03
0.17

Subsequent studies using western blots, RT‐qPCRimageand activity assays especially focusing on microsomal and cytosolic glutathione‐s‐transferases and alcohol dehydrogenases were performed. At the mRNA expression level, several genes including glutathione‐s‐transferases (GST) were upregulated, while their protein levels were significantly down‐regulated. GST activity assay measured by 1‐chloro‐2, 4‐dinitrobenzene metabolism showed a decreased GST activity in knockout mice compared to wild‐type littermates.imageThese findings suggest that IRIP can modulate the expression of some key metabolizing enzymes in the liver in addition to already identified transporters through a mechanism consistent with posttranscriptional modifications, with potential implications in the disposition and metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics.
Disturbed Shear Stress Promotes Caveolae‐Mediated oxLDL Uptake Leading to Increased Endothelial Stiffness
Authors: LeMaster Elizabeth , Eddington David , Cho Michael , Minshall Richard , Levitan Irena 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionOxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a major risk factor in the development of atherosclerotic plaques, which preferentially form at vascular bifurcations subject to bidirectional recirculating disturbed shear stress (DSS).MethodsA microfluidic channel with a step barrier was designed, tested and fabricated to generate atheroprotective unidirectional laminar shear stress (LSS) and atheroprone DSS onto an EC monolayer for 48 hours. EC stiffness was assessed using atomic force microscopy.ResultsOur results show a statistically significant increase in oxLDL uptake in DSS vs. LSS regions in three EC types: human aortic (55% increase), human microvascular (40% increase), and mouse microvascular (50% increase). OxLDL uptake was reduced in cells lacking Cav1, the main protein in caveolae (n=4, p<0.05). The mechanism of differential oxLDL uptake was further investigated using siRNA treated ECs for CD36 and Lox1, two oxLDL receptors. Our experiments revealed that CD36 (n=4, p<0.05), but not Lox1 (n=4, p<0.05), is required for increased uptake under DSS. Furthermore, the increased uptake under DSS results in a 60% increase in EC stiffness (n=3, p<0.05). This data is further supported by ex vivo stiffness measurements of vessels from WT mice which show a 50% increase in EC stiffness in the aortic arch (DSS) than the LSS region of the descending aorta (DA) (n=5, p<0.05). In Cav1 KO mice, EC stiffness was markedly reduced (n=5, p<0.05) and no differences observed between the DA and arch.ConclusionTaken together, this study suggests that DSS‐induced increase in oxLDL uptake is mediated by caveolae and plays a significant role in increasing localized EC stiffness.
About system evaluation of health and diagnostics level of adaptable possibilities of an organism of teenagers and youth
Authors: Slivkina Nataliya 
Published: June 2021

The problem of health condition studying of growing generation has an important state value, being the basic criterion of planning of social transformations in the society.Research objective was to develop the system of prenosological diagnostics on the basis of evaluation of adaptable possibilities of the organism of teenagers and youth.Features of functional condition of the organism of youth were: the increase in quantity of people with mixed tone and sympaticotonia, increase of irritability indicators, negativism, sensitivity and neirotism and aggression indicator reduction, authentically higher indicators of humoral immunity, relative vital capacity of lungs, lower values of physical working capacity, the maximum consumption of oxygen, authentic higher occurrence of boundary and high figures of arterial pressure whereas for teenagers there was the prevalence of persons with vagotonia, higher indicators of cellular immunity were characteristic.It was established during the estimation of adaptation degree of teenagers that the quantity of youth with satisfactory adaptation was authentically higher than teenagers, among teenagers the condition of adaptation tension prevailed. At the same time, irrespective of age, the quantity of surveyed in a condition of unsatisfactory adaptation and its failure authentically didn't differ.Diagnostics system of prenosological conditions among teenagers and youth which on the basis of functional indicators allowed to allocate criteria of the satisfactory state of health, pressure with preservation of functioning level and prenosological conditions was developed.
Alveolar macrophages express membrane CD200 that inhibits mast cell activation
Authors: Santerre Kim , Lauzon‐Joset Jean‐François , Langlois Anick , Marsolais David , Bissonnette Elyse 
Published: June 2021

Alveolar Macrophages are central regulators of pulmonary immune responses, yet their regulatory functions are misunderstood. CD200, a transmembrane protein, and its receptor (CD200R) play a critical role in the resolution of inflammation, but their role in asthma is still unclear. CD200 is expressed on many cell types such as leukocytes, T cells, B cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, while CD200R is expressed exclusively on myeloid cells including alveolar macrophages (AM) and mast cells (MC), which play a key role in asthma. Recent study showed that leukocytes from asthmatic patients express lower level of CD200 during exacerbations, suggesting a dysregulation of CD200 pathway. Thus, we investigated the modulation of CD200 expression on AM following allergen challenge and the inhibition of MC functions by AM CD200. Expression of CD200 and CD200R were measured on AM from naive and sensitized rats before and after allergen challenge using flow cytometry. AM modulation of antigen‐stimulated MC was investigated in vitro using co‐culture and MC degranulation and cytokine production. AM from naive and sensitized rats express similar level of CD200. However, allergen exposure increased CD200 expression on AM of naïve rats (that do not develop signs of asthma), but not on AM of sensitized rats (that develop experimental asthma). No difference between groups was observed for CD200R expression. Naive AM inhibited antigen‐stimulated MC degranulation and cytokine production. The addition of neutralizing anti‐CD200R antibody abrogated AM inhibitory effects. These results suggest that modulation of CD200 expression on AM could have an important role in asthma regulation.
Performance on Paper‐Pencil Cognitive Tests: A Comparison between Hindi and English Language
Authors: Dixit Abhinav , Rai Ankit 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLetter Cancellation tasks (LCTs) are a group of paper‐pencil based psychomotor tasks that are commonly used to assess cognitive functions.Lack of proficiency in the language of the test can lead to erroneous results on LCTs. This is particularly important in a country like India where most of the population is not fluent in English.Since most of the cognitive tests are in English, it greatly limits the population that can be used for cognitive testing. It is therefore essential to develop tests in vernacular languages like Hindi and compare the results obtained with tests in English.The present study evaluated the effect of Hindi and English language on performance of one, two and three letter cancellation task.Methodology50 healthy male volunteers between the age group of 18‐ 40 years were recruited for the study after taking their written, informed consent. The study was approved by the Institute Ethics Committee and funded by Indian Council of Medical Research.Subjects were asked to cancel out letters in One, Two and Three LCTs in Hindi and English language. Each LCT consisted of 960 letters with 25% as target letters.The total time taken to complete each test and number of errors were analyzed statistically using SPSS by unpaired t test.ResultsThe results revealed a significantly longer time to complete Hindi LCTs than English LCTs. The error rates were significantly more in Hindi one LCT as compared to English One LCT. The error rates in two and three LCT in Hindi were more than in English but the difference was not significant.ConclusionHindi is perhaps a more complex language as compared to English, thereby requiring more attention and visuo‐spatial processing. Indian subpopulation therefore needs a separate battery of cognitive tests in vernacular languages.
Evaluation of radiation of Aral sea residential area
Authors: Ismailovа A. , Kamiev M. , Jakenova A. 
Published: June 2021

Radiospectrometer aspects of radiation safety habitats are an integral part of the solution to environmental problems as pollution objects ecosystems of natural and technological hazards radiation play a negative role in the health status of the population living in the zone of ecological distress.Purpose of StudyAssessment of the radioecological situation in the territory of the settlements included in the area of Aral Sea.ResultsMade gamma‐spectrometric shooting areas the study areas of the Aral sea has allowed to establish that the performance of the equivalent dose of gamma radiation ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 μsv/h. In the soil samples of the investigated areas, found the content of natural radionuclides as thorium ‐ 232 (from 45 to 50.3%), radium ‐ 226 (3.7 to 4.1%) and potassium ‐ 40 (from 10.7 to 11.3%).The values of the flux density of radon from the ground surface in the target territories of settlements ranged for, Aralsk ‐ from 31,22 to 56.8 MBq/m2*s; village Aiteke bi ‐ from 41.2 per cent to 50,31 MBq/m2*s; and the village of Zhosaly from 22,15 to 44,10 MBq/m2*s; and the village of Zhalagash from 30,2 to 41,10 MBq/m2*s and the village Shieli from 43,16 to 52,19 MBq/m2*s.
Radiation situation of territory uranium mining deposit of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bakhtin M.M. , Kashkinbaev E.T. , Altaeva N.Z. 
Published: June 2021

Since 2010 Republic of Kazakhstan became the largest supplier of uranium in the world, having headed the list of leading producers of natural uranium.Reserves and resources of uranium in Kazakhstan make now about 1,7 million tons, or about 12% of the total amount of world reserves and uranium resources (according to IAEA).Out of sanitary protection zone of uranium mining deposits Mynkuduk, Uvanas and Moyunkum, Tortkuduk were carried out automobile and pedestrian gamma survey, measurement of density of streams alpha, beta particles, radio spectrometric and radiochemical analysis of tests of water and the soil.Out of sanitary protection zone of depositsMynkuduk and Uvanas of radioactive anomalies aren't found.At distance of 5 km from area No. 1 Moyunkum near a well is revealed an anomal area with an area of 93 sq.m where the power of an equivalent dose of gamma radiations varies from 0,41 to 1,43 μSv/hour.In the samples of the water which have been selected from an anomal area total alpha activity to 29 times, radium‐226 to 10 times, radium‐228 to 32 times exceeds standard value.In case of water use for an irrigation melon field and kitchen gardens, a cattle pasture on pollution areas, individual doses of internal radiation when using by the population in production food from these areas could reach values 20‐40 mSv / year an annual effective dose shouldn't exceed 1 mSv/year.
Folliculogenesis and Oocyte Quality in Awassi Sheep
Authors: Al Fahel Christabelle , Nassif Charbel , Bou Karroum Rima , Ibrahim Joe , Sahakian Joseph , Houchaymi Khaled , Hajj Elham , Aad Pauline 
Published: June 2021

Female reproductive performance of Awassi ewe, the predominant breed of fat‐tail sheep of Lebanon are not well studied; we aimed to evaluate oocyte morphology and quality. 36 Awassi ovaries (Exp 1) from local slaughterhouses were collected from May to October and Follicles (>3 mm) aspirated for oocyte morphology evaluation. Furthermore, 10 Awassi ewes at the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (Exp 2) were monitored via ultrasonography from May to July to determine dominant and subordinate follicles; ovaries and ooyctes collected, and evaluated following slaughter. AMH, ZAR‐1 and BMP15 gene expression amplified using qRTPCR with SYBR and normalized to 18S rRNA. Results showed (exp 1) that 68% of collected oocytes were medium vs. 9% large oocytes, and 60% of Awassi oocytes satisfied more than 3 criteria of good quality, more frequently in October, but detected as early as May. Folliculogenesis in Awassi ewes (exp 2) showed an estrous cycle of 17±3 days with 2 waves and a dominant follicle of 4±0.9 mm. Of the dominant follicles, only 24.4% contained morphologically good vs. 17.8% bad oocytes. In the search for an oocyte quality marker, AMH mRNA was high in small and dominant follicles, but not subordinate; BMP‐15 was down‐regulated in small oocytes while ZAR‐1 did not differ among different quality oocytes. Therefore, these genes can be used to distinguish between different quality oocytes. This research was supported by a grant from the LCNRS and NDU
Influence of Habitual Carbohydrate Intake on Exercise‐Induced Inflammation in Ultra‐Endurance Athletes
Authors: Bartley Jenna , Munoz Colleen , Kunces Laura , Saenz Catherine , Creighton Brent , Freidenreich Daniel , Lee Elaine , Maresh Carl , Volek Jeff 
Published: June 2021

Low carbohydrate diets (LCD) decrease systemic inflammatory markers in humans with chronic inflammation, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however it is unknown whether LCD can mitigate systemic inflammation in acute situations, such as exercise bouts.PurposeTo examine exercise‐induced alterations in inflammatory markers in elite ultra‐endurance athletes on a LCD or high carbohydrate diet (HCD).MethodsElite ultra‐endurance trained men (n=20, age 33.5±6.4yr VO2max 64.5±4.9mL/kg/min) habitually consuming a LCD (11% CHO, 71% FAT, 19% PRO) or HCD (58% CHO, 28% FAT, 15% PRO) completed a 3 hr treadmill run (65% VO2max). We measured circulating immune cells and select cytokines prior to, during, and post exercise (PE).ResultsEndurance exercise resulted in leukocytosis with elevated neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes immediately PE with greater lymphocytes in LCD (LCD 2873.5±869.8; HCD 1904.7±825.9; cells/uL; p<0.01). Neutrophils and monocytes remained elevated at 2 hr PE, while lymphocytes declined to below baseline levels. Circulating IL‐6 and IL‐8 increased 1 hr into exercise and remained elevated 2 hrs PE. IL‐10 increased 2 hrs into exercise and remained elevated 30 minutes PE. TNFa, IL‐1β, and IL‐12p70 did not change. Cytokines were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionEndurance exercise resulted in an acute inflammatory response. LCD did not significantly modulate the selected inflammatory markers. Ongoing research in our lab is examining additional markers of systemic inflammation, as well as potential muscle‐localized effects.