bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Integration
Authors: An Junru , Zhao Xingyu , Zhang Yanan , Liu Mingxiu , Yuan Jian , Sun Xiaojuan , Zhang Zhiyu , Wang Bin , Li Shaojuan , Li Dabing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D materials show wide‐ranging physical properties with their electronic bandgaps varying from zero to several electronvolts, offering a rich platform to explore novel electronic and optoelectronic functions. Notably, atomically thin 2D materials are well suited for integration in optoelectronic circuits, because of their ultrathin body, strong light–matter interactions, and compatibility with the current silicon photonic technology. In this paper, an overview of the state of the art of using 2D materials in optoelectronic devices and integration is provided. The optoelectronic properties of 2D materials and their typical electronic and optoelectronic applications including light sources, optical modulators, photodetectors, field‐effect transistors, and logic circuits are summarized. The device configurations, operation mechanisms, and device figures‐of‐merit are introduced and discussed. By discussing the recent advances, future trends, and existing challenges of 2D materials and their optoelectronic devices, this review has provided an insight into the perspectives of 2D materials for optoelectronic integration and may guide the development of this field within the research community.
Diradical‐Featured Organic Small‐Molecule Photothermal Material with High‐Spin State in Dimers for Ultra‐Broadband Solar Energy Harvesting
Authors: Sun Jiangman , Zhao Engui , Liang Jie , Li Hui , Zhao Shuhong , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganic materials with radical characteristics are gaining increasing attention, due to their potential implications in highly efficient utilization of solar energy. Manipulating intermolecular interactions is crucial for tuning radical properties, as well as regulating their absorption bands, and thus improving the photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, a diradical‐featured organic small‐molecule croconium derivative, CR‐DPA‐T, is reported for highly efficient utilization of solar energy. Upon aggregation, CR‐DPA‐T exists in dimer form, stabilized by the strong intermolecular π–π interactions, and exhibits a rarely reported high‐spin state. Benefiting from the synergic effects of radical characteristics and strong intermolecular π–π interactions, CR‐DPA‐T powder absorbs broadly from 300 to 2000 nm. In‐depth investigations with transient absorption analysis reveal that the strong intermolecular π–π interactions can promote nonradiative relaxation by accelerating internal conversion and facilitating intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) between dimeric molecules to open up faster internal conversion pathways. Remarkably, CR‐DPA‐T powder demonstrates a high photothermal efficiency of 79.5% under 808 nm laser irradiation. By employing CR‐DPA‐T as a solar harvester, a CR‐DPA‐T‐loaded flexible self‐healing poly(dimethylsiloxane) (H‐PDMS) film, named as H‐PDMS/CR‐DPA‐T self‐healing film, is fabricated and employed for solar–thermal applications. These findings provide a feasible guideline for developing highly efficient diradical‐featured organic photothermal materials.
A Promising Multifunctional Deep‐Blue Fluorophor for High‐Performance Monochromatic and Hybrid White OLEDs with Superior Efficiency/Color Stability and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Ying Shian , Liu Wei , Peng Ling , Dai Yanfeng , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Wang Lei , Ma Dongge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance deep‐blue fluorescent materials matching the required Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage y coordinate value (CIEy) of < 0.08 are much‐needed in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for realizing the perfect application of full‐color displays. However, deep‐blue fluorophors commonly show unsatisfactory performance due to the intrinsic large bandgap characteristic. Here, the deep‐blue nondoped OLED with the good CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.07) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈9% is achieved based on a multifunctional and efficient anthracene‐based fluorophor (2M‐ph‐3CzAnBzt). Using it as a host, the sky‐blue fluorescent OLED realizes the maximum EQE of 9.50%, and keeps as high as 9.27% and 8.56% at 1000 and 5000 cd m−2. More surprisingly, high‐performance hybrid white OLEDs (WOLEDs) with good color stability and low roll‐off are achieved by using it as the blue emitter. Two‐color WOLED shows the forward‐viewing efficiencies of 20.46%, and 76.80 lm W−1. The three‐color WOLED emitting a candlelight with the color rendering index of ≥ 82 realizes the maximum EQE of 21.49% and remains 20.80% at 1000 cd m−2. Such superior electroluminescence performance achieved in these OLEDs ranks among the highest values based on deep‐blue fluorophors with CIEy < 0.08.
Pursuing sustainable high‐yield winter wheat via preanthesis dry matter and nitrogen accumulation by optimizing nitrogen management
Authors: He Xiaoming , Zhang Ling , Hu Yuncai , Liang Zhengyuan , Zhang Wei , Meng Qingfeng , Zou Chunqin , Chen Xinping , Yang Huaiyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantitative understanding of photosynthetic production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under N fertilizer management is crucial for achieving sustainable high grain yield with less environmental risks. A 3‐yr study was conducted to evaluate dry matter and N accumulation for sustainable high grain yield with respect to preanthesis N management of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Optimal nitrogen application rate (Opt.N) was determined by subtracting soil nitrate measured at root layers from the target N‐demand for wheat. Other treatments included no N fertilizer control, conventional farmer N practice, and 70 and 130% of Opt.N. The highest grain yield (9 t ha−1) with high N use efficiency (NUE) was attained with Opt.N rate which is predominantly attributed to high dry matter (69%) and N accumulation (94%) from sowing to preanthesis. Most remarkably, N remobilization from preanthesis contributed nearly 97% of grain N accumulation. Highest dry matter production was achieved when the critical plant N concentration reached 2.90% at stem elongation stage and 1.91% at anthesis. The maximum leaf area index and photosynthetic rate needed for high dry matter production were realized with similar critical plant N concentration during preanthesis (2.55 and 2.36 for at GS31, respectively) and at GS64 (2.01 and 1.83%). Supplying additional N fertilizer over Opt.N increased neither grain yield nor grain N accumulation but heightened environmental risks from soil N surplus. These results highlight the importance of preanthesis N fertilizer optimization and provide effective N management strategy to enable high wheat yield with high NUE.
Regulation of citrulline synthesis in human enterocytes: Role of hypoxia and inflammation
Authors: Couchet Morgane , Pestour Sandie , Breuillard Charlotte , Corne Christelle , Rendu John , Fontaine Eric , Moinard Christophe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntensive care unit patients and chronic airway inflammatory disease are characterized by chronic systemic hypoxia and inflammation inducing a decrease in nitric oxide release due to impaired l‐arginine (ARG) homeostasis. As ARG is synthesized from circulating l‐citrulline (CIT), an alteration of CIT production in small intestine by ornithine carbamoyltransferase could be involved. Here, we posit that hypoxia and/or inflammation has effects on ornithine carbamoyltransferase regulation in enterocytes. A duodenal explant incubation model was used. Biopsy specimens taken from 25 selected patients were incubated for 6 h in 4 groups: control, inflammation, hypoxia, and hypoxia + inflammation. At the end of the incubation period, we measured CIT concentration in culture media, ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, ornithine carbamoyltransferase protein and gene expression, protein expression of enzymes involved in the CIT production pathway, and expression of energy status proteins. Inflammation and/or hypoxia conditions did not affect CIT production. Ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity was increased in hypoxia conditions (p = 0.023). Expression of enzymes implicated in the CIT crossroads pathway and enzymes reflecting energy status variation was not affected by inflammation and hypoxia. Data sets were pooled to evaluate the variability of the four quartiles for each parameter. CIT production was found to increase over the quartiles whereas other parameters remained stable. Our results showed that intestinal CIT production is preserved during inflammation and/or hypoxia, thus confirming the significance of this metabolic pathway. This suggests that the CIT deficiency observed in clinical hypercatabolic states could be a consequence of high utilization for ARG synthesis.
Evaluation of a workplace organ donation intervention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khoshravesh Sahar , Karimi‐Shahanjarini Akram , Poorolajal Jalal , Barati Majid , Bashirian Saeed , Hamidi Majid , Khalili Sanaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention called ‘Organ donation, Life donation’ on increasing the number of signed donor cards among employees. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Hamadan, Iran, among employees of two‐branch offices from February to July 2019. We randomly assigned 14 two‐branch offices (n = 324 participants) to the multi‐component intervention (i.e., providing training and materials, engaging participants' families and providing immediate opportunity to register for organ donation) or control groups. We used the Extended Organ Donation Model to guide the intervention development. Data were collected using a 46‐item self‐administered questionnaire at pre‐test, 1‐month follow‐up and 6‐month follow‐up. Descriptive statistics, Chi‐square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) change score analyses were used to describe studied variables and investigate changes in outcome variables (i.e., signed donor card and constructs of Extended Organ Donation Model. A higher proportion of the participants in the intervention group signed a donor card than the control group (73.2% vs. 17.9%, respectively). After follow‐ups, the two groups had statistically significant differences in knowledge, perceived behavioural control, anticipated regret, descriptive norms, non‐cognitive beliefs, Islamic beliefs and intention. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of a brief theory‐based intervention combining different strategies to increase the registration rate in workplaces. It appears that using a multi‐component intervention and taking into account cultural and religious contexts will encourage people to sign donor cards in different communities.
Stochastic modeling and analysis of the bitcoin protocol in the presence of block communication delays
Authors: Bistarelli Stefano , De Nicola Rocco , Galletta Letterio , Laneve Cosimo , Mercanti Ivan , Veschetti Adele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze the protocol of the bitcoin blockchain by using the PRISM probabilistic model checker. In particular, we (i) extend PRISM with the ledger data type, (ii) model the behavior of the key participants in the protocol—the miners—and (iii) describe the whole protocol as a parallel composition of processes. The probabilistic analysis of the model highlights how forks happen and how they depend on specific parameters of the protocol, such as the difficulty of the cryptopuzzle and the network communication delays. Our results confirm that considering transactions in blocks at depth larger than 5 as confirmed is reasonable because the majority of miners have consistent blockchains up‐to that depth with probability of almost 1. We also study the behavior of networks with churn miners, which may leave the network and rejoin afterwards, and with different topologies.
A dynamic parameter tuning method for SpMM parallel execution
Authors: Qi Bin , Komatsu Kazuhiko , Sato Masayuki , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: December 2021

SummarySparse matrix‐matrix multiplication (SpMM) is a basic kernel that is used by many algorithms. Several researches focus on various optimizations for SpMM parallel execution. However, a division of a task for parallelization is not well considered yet. Generally, a matrix is equally divided into blocks for processes even though the sparsities of input matrices are different. The parameter that divides a task into multiple processes for parallelization is fixed. As a result, load imbalance among the processes occurs. To balance the loads among the processes, this article proposes a dynamic parameter tuning method by analyzing the sparsities of input matrices. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the performance of SpMM for examined matrices by up to 39.5% on a single vector engine and 3.49 on a single CPU.
Topography modifies the effect of land‐use change on soil respiration: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zou Junliang , Dang Shuina , Osborne Bruce , Ren Yuanyuan , Ju Xueliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil respiration is controlled by land‐use changes associated with cropland vegetation restoration, and this can vary with topography, although the magnitude of this effect and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We synthesized 69 recently published papers from China to explore the influence of topography‐related changes in land use on soil respiration where croplands were converted into orchards (abbreviated as C‐O), grasslands (abbreviated as C‐G), or woodlands (abbreviated as C‐W). Our results showed that not only did land‐use change have a significant influence on soil respiration, but this varied with topography. While C‐O resulted in a decrease in soil respiration by, on average, 3.1%, both the magnitude and sign of the change varied with topography, with an 8.2% increase for flat areas and a 14.7% decrease for slopes. For the C‐G conversions, soil respiration increased, on average, by 21.4%, with a 19.5% and a 24.3% increase for flat and slope topography, respectively. For C‐W, soil respiration increased, on average, by 28.0%, with only a 1.6% increase for flat areas, but a 39.9% increase for slopes. Soil temperature, soil moisture, root biomass, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), and soil density also varied with topography, with larger changes for slopes than for flat topography. Increases in soil respiration associated with different topography were closely related to changes in soil temperature, SOC, MBC, and root biomass (P < 0.05), but were not correlated with changes in soil moisture, C:N ratio, or soil density (P > 0.05). The contribution of different drivers to the change in soil respiration under different topographical conditions showed a trend of SOC > root biomass > MBC > soil temperature. Based on these results, topography‐related variations in soil respiration need to be accounted for when quantifying the impact of land‐use change on C budgets.
Convergent Synthesis of E‐Disilene by the Reduction of Diastereomerically Separable 1,2‐Dichlorodisilanes
Authors: Jun‐i Yuta , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiastereomerically separable 1,2‐dichlorodisilanes possessing two chiral silicon centers were synthesized. By the reduction reaction, both diastereomeric disilanes afforded the same extremely air‐unstable E‐disilene. In addition, to get further experimental evidence for the formation of the disilene, we performed the reduction reaction of the corresponding dibromosilane as an alternative synthetic route toward the disilene, which resulted in the formation of a cyclotrisilane having an asymmetric all‐silicon three‐membered skeleton as a co‐product depending on the conditions. As a result of these experimental results and the supporting DFT calculations, we found some clues for the investigation into the synthetic mechanism of disilenes.
Regioselective Synthesis of meta‐Tetraaryl‐Substituted Adamantane Derivatives and Evaluation of Their White Light Emission
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Bernhardt Bastian , Becker Jonathan , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNew meta‐substituted tetraaryl adamantane derivatives were synthesized through one‐step Friedel‐Crafts adamantylation by using AlCl3 in combination with t‐butyl bromide. The products exhibit improved (over tetraphenyl adamantane) highly directional white‐light emission upon irradiation with a continuous wave (CW) laser diode.
Influence of horizontally variable soil properties on nonlinear seismic site response and ground motion coherency
Authors: Chang Yen‐Hsiang , Tsai Chi‐Chin , Ge Louis , Park Duhee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to quantify the effect of the spatial variability of soil properties on site response and ground motion coherency. A 2D random field theory is used to simulate soil parameters, including shear wave velocity (Vs) and nonlinear stress–strain curves. Different levels of spatial variability are controlled by coefficient of variation (COV) and correlation length (CL). The wave prorogation is simulated through the 2D finite difference software FLAC2D. Different types of analysis conditions, such as 1D or 2D model, linear or nonlinear analysis, and input motion, are investigated. The increase of Vsvariability leads to a decrease in the mean amplification ratio (surface response spectrum to bedrock response spectrum) but an increase in its variation. The effect of the variability of soil nonlinearity on the mean amplification ratio is marginal compared with that induced by Vsvariability. However, as the ground motion intensities increase (or more nonlinearity induced), the standard deviation of the simulation normalized by the baseline response increases. Compared with the 2D result, the 1D site response analysis that is commonly used in practice may potentially underestimate the mean amplification ratio but overestimate its variability due to the ignorance of the horizontal soil property variability. In the evaluation of the spatially correlated site response, the ground motion coherency decays significantly, as the COV of Vsand the ground motion intensity increase. The effect of CL on ground motion coherency is minor and limited to a separation distance within two‐times of CL. Therefore, a coherency model, which eliminates the CL term but includes the ground motion intensity (i.e., nonlinear effect) parameter, is proposed in this study. It is revealed to yield a better agreement with the simulation results than other coherency models.
Enhancing data security using global mutation based novel artificial immune network optimization in public cloud storage system
Authors: Kaliyamoorthy Priyadharshini , Ramalingam Aroul Canessane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the past few years, several investigations and efforts have undergone to achieve secure data in the cloud. On the other hand, few security problems that arise because of virtualization and multitenancies are communication, isolation, as well as resource management system. Practically, it becomes a troublesome task for the user to attain secure output. Therefore, in this article, a RSA cryptosystem using global mutation‐based novel artificial immune network optimization algorithm is proposed. Here, an optimal key generation is achieved using a global mutation based novel artificial immune network optimization (GM‐NAINO). In addition to this, the data integrity is achieved by enhancing secure data transmission. Finally, seven diverse test functions are employed in evaluating the efficiency of the proposed technique. The experimental analysis are performed and the evaluation results demonstrated that the performances of the proposed technique is better when comparison with other techniques.
Uplink grant‐free pattern division multiple access transmission scheme by exploiting poly complementary sequence
Authors: Li Shufeng , Su Baoxin , Sun Yao , Sun Sanshan , Jin Libiao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology is a key technology of the future cellular mobile communication system. It provides services for users under different channel conditions through signal superposition transmission and spectrum multiplexing. Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) is a new NOMA technology based on the overall optimization of multi‐user communication system. Since the performance of PDMA mainly depends on the gain of the pattern matrix, we propose a design scheme of uplink PDMA pattern matrix for ultra‐reliable low latency communication (uRLLC). For the interference between users is a common problem in NOMA system, first, we use poly complementary sequence (PCS) as the spread codebook to spread the PDMA transmission signal and reduce interference. Meanwhile, an uplink power control scheme is proposed. It allocates wireless resources reasonably by jointly considering the interference between users and resource blocks within users (JUR), the corresponding outage probability formula is also derived. Simulation results show that compared with the previous researches, the pattern matrix design scheme and JUR power control scheme proposed in this article have greatly improved the transmission performance. The addition of PCS spread spectrum technology can significantly reduce the block error rate and outage probability.
Palaeoenvironmental conditions and human activity in the vicinity of the Grodzisko fortified settlement (central Europe, Poland) from the late‐Neolithic to the Roman period
Authors: Gałka Mariusz , Kołaczek Piotr , Sim Thomas G. , Knorr Klaus‐Holger , Niedzielski Przemysław , Lewandowska Agnieszka , Szczurek Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present results from a palaeoecological analysis conducted on deposits accumulated in an oxbow lake of the Prosna River (Poland), next to the Grodzisko fortified settlement. Palaeobotanical and geochemical analyses—supported by radiocarbon dating—were performed to (i) reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions of the oxbow lake and its surrounding area; (ii) determine the beginning of the human activity in the fortified settlement vicinity; and (iii) assess the impact of human pressure on the environment. The Grodzisko fortified settlement was originally located on a river island, encircled by a wetland, improving its defensive value. Increases in the water level (1800–1300 BC and 700–200 BC) created a small lake/moat around the fortified settlement. Indicators for human activity from pollen records suggest the presence of human populations from the late Neolithic, ca. 2800 BC, with a clear intensification ca. 1700 BC. From ca. 1600 BC, a decrease in some decidous trees suggests forest clearance. Low levels of human activity indicator pollen ca. 2000 BC suggest a reduction of human pressure (possible depopulation). The regular presence of macrocharcoal pieces and an increase in human activity indicator pollen from ca. 1300 to 200 BC provide evidence for renewed human habitation around the sampling site.