bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Accuracy of Text Classification using Stemming Method, A Case of Non-Formal Indonesian Conversation
Authors: Rianto Rianto , Mutiara Achmad Benny , Wibowo Eri Prasetyo , Santosa Paulus Insap 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Stemming has long been used in data pre-processing to retrieve information by tracking affixed words back into their root. In an Indonesian setting, existing stemming methods have been observed, and the existing stemming methods are proven to result in high accuracy level. However, there are not many stemming methods for non-formal Indonesian text processing. This study introduces a new stemming method to solve problems in the non-formal Indonesian text data pre-processing. Furthermore, this study aims to improve the accuracy of text classifier models by strengthening stemming method. Using the Support Vector Machine algorithm, a text classifier model is developed, and its accuracy is checked. The experimental evaluation was done by testing 550 datasets in Indonesian using two different stemming methods. Findings: The results show that using the proposed stemming method, the text classifier model has higher accuracy than the existing methods with a score of 0.85 and 0.73, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed stemming methods produces a classifier model with a small error rate, so it will be more accurate to predict a class of objects. Conclusion: The existing Indonesian stemming methods are still oriented towards Indonesian formal sentences, therefore the method has limitations to be used in Indonesian non-formal sentences. This phenomenon underlies the suggestion of developing a corpus by normalizing Indonesian non-formal into formal to be used as a better stemming method. The impact of using the corpus as a stemming method is that it can improve the accuracy of the classifier model. In the future, the proposed corpus and stemming methods can be used for various purposes including text clustering, summarizing, detecting hate speech, and other text processing applications in Indonesian.
Statistical analysis of ionospheric total electron content (TEC): Long-term estimation of extreme TEC in Japan
Authors: Nishioka Michi , Saito Susumu , Tao Chihiro , Shiota Daikou , Tsugawa Takuya , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based remote sensing systems, since total ionospheric delay is proportional to TEC through the propagation path. It is important to know extreme TEC values in readiness for hazardous ionospheric conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate extreme TEC values with occurrences of once per year, ten years, and hundred years in Japan. In order to estimate the extreme values of TEC, a cumulative distribution function of daily TEC is derived using 22 years of TEC data from 1997 to 2018. The extreme values corresponding to once per year and ten years are 90 and 110 TECU, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, the 22-year data set is not sufficient to estimate the once-per-hundred-year value. Thus, we use the 62-year data set of manually scaled ionosonde data for the critical frequency of the F-layer (foF2) at Kokubunji in Tokyo. First, we study the relationship between TEC and foF2 for 22 years and investigate the slab thickness. Then the result is applied to the statistical distribution of foF2 data for 62 years. The result shows that the once-per-100-year TEC is about 130-190 TECU at Tokyo. The value is also estimated to be 160-230 TECU in Kagoshima and 100-150 TECU in Hokkaido, in the southern and northern parts of Japan, respectively.
Thetha Nami : Participatory development of a peer-navigator intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention for adolescents and youth in rural South Africa
Authors: Shahmanesh Maryam , Okesola Nonhlanhla , Chimbindi Natsayi , Zuma Thembelihle , Mthiyane Nondumiso , Adeagbo Oluwafemi , Dreyer Jaco , Herbst Carina , Mdl Sakhile , McGrath Nuala , Harling Guy , Sherr Lorraine , Seeley Janet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite effective biomedical tools, HIV remains the largest cause of morbidity/mortality in South Africa – especially among adolescents and young people. We used community-based participatory research (CBPR) informed by principles of social justice, to develop a peer-led biosocial intervention for HIV prevention in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Methods: Between March 2018 and September 2019 we used CBPR to iteratively co-create and contextually adapt a biosocial peer-led intervention to support HIV prevention. Men and women aged 18-30 years were selected by community leaders of 21 intervention implementation areas (izigodi) and underwent 20 weeks of training as peer-navigators. We synthesised quantitative and qualitative data collected during a 2016-2018 study into 17 vignettes illustrating the local drivers of HIV. During three participatory intervention development workshops and community mapping sessions, the peer-navigators critically engaged with vignettes, brainstormed solutions and mapped the components to their own izigodi. The intervention components were plotted to a Theory of Change which, following a six-month pilot and process evaluation, the peer-navigators refined. The intervention will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial (NCT04532307).Results: Following written and oral assessments, 57 of the 108 initially selected participated in two workshops to discuss the vignettes and co-create the Thetha Nami (`talk to me’). The intervention. included peer-led health promotion to improve self-efficacy and demand for HIV prevention, referrals to social and educational resources, and aaccessible youth-friendly clinical services to improve uptake of HIV prevention. During the pilot the peer-navigators approached 6871 young people, of whom 6141 (89%) accepted health promotion and 438 linked to care. During semi-structured interviews peer-navigators described the appeal of providing sexual health information to peers of a similar age and background but wanted to provide more than just “onward referral”. In the third participatory workshop 54 peer-navigators refined the Thetha Nami intervention to add three components structured assessment tool to tailor health promotion and referrals; safe spaces and community advocacy to create an enabling environment; peer-mentorship and navigation of resources to improve retention in HIV prevention. Conclusion: Local youth were able to use evidence to develop a contextually adapted peer-led intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention.
Sequential bilateral Behçet’s neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary vitreous exudate: case report
Authors: Ksiaa Imen , Aoun Safa Ben , Zina Sourour , Nefzi Dhouha , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE). Material and Methods: A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.Results: A 37-year-old man developed neuroretinitis with associated PIVE in the left eye. He was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and treated accordingly based on positive serologic testing and negative work-up for other entities, including BD. The disease course was favorable, but one year later a similar neuroretinitis developed in the right eye. Extraocular features of BD became evident only at the time of the second eye involvement, and the patient received corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. SS OCT showed at the acute phase in both eyes a typical “mushroom-shaped” prepapillary hyperreflectivity of the PIVE. SS OCTA demonstrated a corresponding prepapillary hypointense area due to shadowing effect, decreasing in size while scanning deeper layers. It also detected peripapillary retinal hypervascularity in both eyes and a sectoral area of flow signal loss in the first involved left eye. Visual acuity improved following the resolution of the PIVE and associated acute inflammatory changes in both eyes. The left eye showed residual optic disc pallor and retinal nerve fiber layer defects.Conclusion: Sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with PIVE may occur before other clinical features of BD become evident. SS OCT and OCTA can provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of this rare, but typical, ocular manifestation of BD uveitis.
Maternal Health Care Service utilization among Young Married Women in India, 1992-2016: Trends and determinants
Authors: Singh Pooja , Singh Kaushalendra Kumar , Singh Pragya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Maternal deaths among young women (15-24 years) shares 38% of total maternal mortality in India. Utilizing maternal health care services can reduce a substantial proportion of maternal mortality. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on young women in this context. This paper therefore aimed to examine the trends and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth attendance (SBA) utilization among young married women in India.Methods: The study analysed data from the four rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted in India during the years 1992–93, 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16. Young married women aged 15-24 years with at least one live birth in the three years preceding the survey were considered for analysis in each survey round. We used descriptive statistics to assess the prevalence and trends in full ANC and SBA use. Pooled multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of the selected maternity care services.Results: The use of full ANC among young mothers increased from 27% to 46% in India, and from 9% to 28% in EAG (Empowered Action Group) states during 1992-2016. SBA utilization was 88% and 83% during 2015-16 by showing an increment of 20% and 50% since 1992 in India and EAG states, respectively. Findings from multivariate analysis revealed significant difference in the use of selected maternal health care services by maternal age, residence, education, birth order and wealth quintile. Additionally, Muslim women, women belonging to scheduled caste (SC)/ scheduled tribe (ST) social group, and women unexposed to mass media were less likely to utilize both the maternal health care services. Concerning the time effect, the odds of the utilization of full ANC and SBA among young women was found to increase over time.Conclusions: Utilization of full ANC remained unacceptably low, specifically in EAG states. Programmatic interventions, targeting women residing in EAG states, adolescents, illiterate, poor and Muslim and SC/ST women would help to increase full ANC utilization and to maintain the increasing trend of SBA use.
Computer-Based Alcohol Reduction Intervention for Alcohol-Using HIV/HCV Co-Infected Russian Women in Clinical Care: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: DiClemente Ralph J. , Brown Jennifer L. , Capasso Ariadna , Revzina Natalia , Sales Jessica M. , Boeva Ekaterina , Gutova Lyudmila V. , Khalezova Nadia B. , Belyakov Nikolay , Rassokhin Vadim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Russia has a high prevalence of HIV. In 2018, over one million persons were living with HIV (PLWH); over a third were women. A high proportion of HIV-infected women are co-infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV); and many consume alcohol, which adversely affects HIV and HCV treatment and prognosis. In spite of the triple epidemics of alcohol use, HIV and HCV, and the need for interventions to reduce alcohol use among HIV/HCV co-infected women, evidence-based alcohol reduction interventions for this vulnerable population are limited. To address this gap, we developed a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a computer-based intervention to reduce alcohol consumption among HIV/HCV co-infected women in clinical care. Methods: In this two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial, we propose to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally-adapted alcohol reduction intervention delivered via a computer for HIV/HCV co-infected Russian women. The study population consists of women 21-45 years old, with confirmed HIV/HCV co-infection who currently use alcohol. Intervention efficacy is assessed by a novel alcohol biomarker, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and biomarkers of HIV and HCV disease progression. Women are randomized to trial conditions in a 1:1 allocation ratio, using a computer-generated algorithm to develop the assignment sequence, and concealment of allocation techniques to minimize assignment bias. Women are randomized to either: (1) the computer-based alcohol reduction intervention, or (2) the standard-of-care control condition. We will use an intent-to-treat analysis and logistic and linear generalized estimating equations to evaluate intervention efficacy, relative to the standard-of-care, in enhancing the proportion of women with a laboratory-confirmed negative EtG at each research study visit over the 9-month follow-up period. Additional analyses will evaluate intervention effects on HIV (viral load, and CD4+ levels), and HCV markers of disease progression (FibroScan).Discussion: The proposed trial design and analysis provides an appropriate conceptual and methodological framework to assess the efficacy of the computer-based intervention. We propose to recruit 200 participants. The intervention, if efficacious, may be an efficient and cost-effective alcohol reduction strategy that is scalable and can be readily disseminated and integrated in clinical care in Russia to reduce women’s alcohol consumption and enhance HIV/HCV prognosis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03362476. Registered 5 December 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03362476
Effect of GreenshellTM Mussel on the Osteoarthritis Biomarkers and Inflammation in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Study Protocol for Randomized Double ‑ Blind Placebo ‑ Controlled Trial
Authors: Abshirini Maryam , Coad Jane , Wolber Frances M. , von Hurst Pamela , Miller Matthew R , Tian Hong Sabrina , Kruger Marlena C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (GSM; Perna canaliculus) has recently been shown to decrease cartilage degradation in a rat model of induced metabolic osteoarthritis (MetOA). However, this effect has not been investigated in human subjects. This study aims to determine the effect of GSM powder on biomarkers of cartilage metabolism, bone resorption, and inflammation in New Zealand healthy overweight/obese postmenopausal women. Method: Fifty overweight or obese (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) postmenopausal women (aged 55-75 years) will be recruited. They will be randomly assigned to receive 3 g/d whole meat GSM powder or placebo (sunflower seed protein) for 12 weeks. Data on socio-demographics, physical activity and dietary intake will be collected for each subject. Cartilage turnover biomarkers [(C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), C-propeptide of type II procollagen (CPII), Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)], and bone resorption marker (CTX-I) will be measured in blood and urine samples. Inflammatory status (hs-CRP and cytokine panel) will be assessed and iron status will be measured. Body composition including fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and fat percentage will be measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Joint pain and knee function will be assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire, respectively.Discussion: This trial will be the first to explore the effects of whole meat GSM powder on cartilage turnover, bone resorption and inflammation biomarkers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The results from this trial will provide evidence on the efficacy of GSM in prevention of OA. Trial registration: The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with the number ACTRN12620000413921p. Registration date: 27/03/2020. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Update/Step1_Update.aspx?id=379291
The spread of COVID-19 outbreak in the first 120 days: A comparison between Nigeria and seven other countries
Authors: Adebowale Ayo Stephen , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Obisesan Olalekan K , Awosanya Emmanuel J , Afolabi Rotimi Felix , Alarape Selim A , Obabiyi Sunday O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is an emerging public health emergency of international concern. The trajectory of the global spread is worrisome, particular in heavily populated countries such as Nigeria. The study objective was to assess and compare the pattern of COVID-19 spread in Nigeria and seven other countries during the first 120 days of the outbreak. Methods: Data was extracted from the World Bank’s website. A descriptive analysis was conducted as well as modelling of COVID-19 spread from day one through day 120 in Nigeria and seven other countries. Model fitting was conducted using linear, quadratic, cubic and exponential regression methods (α=0.05). Results: The COVID-19 spread pattern in Nigeria was similar to the patterns in Egypt, Ghana and Cameroun. The daily death distribution in Nigeria was similar to those of six out of the seven countries considered. There was an increasing trend in the daily COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria. During the lockdown, the growth rate in Nigeria was 5.85 (R2=0.728, p<0.001); however, it was 8.42 (R2=0.625, p<0.001) after the lockdown was relaxed. The cubic polynomial model (CPM) provided the best fit for predicting COVID-19 cumulative cases across all the countries investigated and there was a clear deviation from the exponential growth model. Using the CPM, the predicted number of cases in Nigeria at 3-month (30 September 2020) was 155,467 (95% CI:151,111-159,824, p<0.001), all things being equal. Conclusions: Improvement in COVID-19 control measures and strict compliance with the COVID-19 recommended protocols are essential. A contingency plan is needed to provide care for the active cases in case the predicted target is attained.
High-intensity focused ultrasound enhances the cisplatin sensitivity to human non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Liwei , Fan Huijun , Wang Haiyan , Bai Yunlu , Zhou Wenyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rank first among malignant tumors worldwide. Cisplatin (CDDP) is currently the first-line chemotherapy drug used in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanism that NSCLC cells are resistant to CDDP has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the exact function of chemotherapy resistance and improve the anti-tumor effect of CDDP treatment.MethodWe investigated the surviving fraction of H1299 and A549 cells treated with different High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and various CDDP concentrations. HIFU (400W/cm2) and CDDP (10 μM) were selected to probe the further function in H1299 and A549 cells. Flow cytometry, MTT, and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the apoptosis and proliferative effect of HIFU and CDDP on NSCLC cells. Transwell assays were used to analyze the migration and invasion abilities of NSCLC cells with HIFU and CDDP treatments. Platinum (Pt) accumulation was further measured in H1299 and A549 cells with different treatments. Finally, An NSCLC patient-derived xenograft model was used to explore the effect of HIFU and CDDP on NSCLC tumor growth.ResultsHIFU combined with CDDP can markedly reduce the surviving rate and promote the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, co-treatment with HIFU and CDDP significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells compared to that with any single treatment. Moreover, the combined therapy can effectively promote Pt accumulation in NSCLC cells. Further functional analysis suggested that HIFU combined with CDDP can inhibit tumor growth in an NSCLC patient-derived xenograft model. Finally, the CDDP method effectively upregulated the expression level of apoptosis-related protein, cleaved-PARP, which could be further enhanced by the HIFU treatment.ConclusionOur results revealed that HIFU enhances the anti-NSCLC effect of CDDP both in vitro and in vivo, providing a promising combination therapy for clinical NSCLC treatment.
The feasibility of bedside ultrasound in confirmation of Endotracheal tube position in neonates compared with CXR&nbsp;
Authors: Khalesi Nasrin , Dehgan Marzie , Zarei Elham 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Rapid and accurate confirmation of the endotracheal tube (ETT) position is critical . Routinely CXR is used for evaluation of ETT position that has some disadvantages . So there has been a considerable interest to find alternative modality with minimal complication and acceptable accuracy. The purpose of our study is the evaluation of ultrasound efficacy in confirmation of ETT position in neonates comparison to CXR.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 intubated neonates in NICU of Ali -Asghar children Hospital, between January 2018 and January 2019. To determine the ETT position, CXR and ultrasound were requested at the same time and only patients who could have an ultrasound immediately after intubation and without repositioning of tracheal tube between CXR and ultrasound were included in the study .Each neonate had a bedside ultrasound (US) with a high-frequency linear transducer. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predicted value (NPV), positive predicted value (PPV) and Kappa agreement coefficient was used to compare the US and CXR results.Results: Sixty-six intubated neonates included in this study had a mean gestational age of 34.98 ±3.7 weeks and mean birth weight of 2284.7 ± 915g. US images were taken a mean of 3 ±0.6 h after CXR. The ETT was visualized by the US in all newborns examined.US revealed a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 68.78% to 97.45%), specificity of 84 % (95% CI, 63.92% 95.46%), PPV of 84.62% (95% CI, 68.89% to 93.18%), NPV of 87.50 % (95% CI, 70.49% to 95.35%), diagnostic accuracy of 86%(95% CI, 73.26% to 94.18%), positive likelihood ratio of 5.50 (95% CI 2.21 to 13.66), and Negative Likelihood Ratio of 0.14 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.46) compared to chest radiography. Overall, the Kappa value showed very good agreement in confirming the correct position of the tracheal tube placement (Kappa coefficient 0.72, p-value <0.001).The mean time taken for confirmation of ETT position by US 4 minutes and by CXR was 20 minutes.Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate ultrasound has acceptable accuracy for confirmation of ETT position in neonates and is a safer and faster method in comparison to CXR .