bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLC‐gamma1 signaling plays a subtype‐specific role in postbinding cell entry of influenza A virus (LB258)
Authors: Liang Yuying , Zhu Liqian , Ly Hinh 
Published: June 2021

Host signaling pathways and cellular proteins play important roles in the influenza viral life cycle and can serve as antiviral targets. In this study (Zhu, et al., 2014, J. Virol.), we report the engagement of host phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase gamma 1 (PLC‐gamma1) in mediating cell entry of influenza virus H1N1 but not H3N2 subtype. Both PLC‐gamma1‐specific inhibitor and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) strongly suppress the replication of H1N1 but not H3N2 viruses in cell culture, suggesting that PLC‐gamma1 plays an important subtype‐specific role in the influenza viral life cycle. Further analyses demonstrate that PLC‐gamma1 activation is required for viral postbinding cell entry. In addition, H1N1, but not H3N2, infection leads to the phosphorylation of PLC‐gamma1 at Ser 1248 immediately after infection and independent of viral replication. We have further shown that H1N1‐induced PLC‐gamma1 activation is downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Interestingly, both H1N1 and H3N2 infections activate EGFR, but only H1N1 infection leads to PLC‐γ1 activation. In summary, we have identified for the first time the subtype‐specific interplay of host PLC‐gamma1 signaling and H1N1 virus that is critical for viral uptake early in the infection. This is the latest study in our series of recent publications that reveal novel insights into how influenza virus interacts with the cellular signaling network (Zhu, et al., 2014 J. Virol., Kumar, et al., 2011 J. Virol., 2011 Antimicrobial Agents Chemother., 2008 J. Virol.).Grant Funding Source: NIH R21 grant AI094133 to Y.L.
Seed germination and recovery responses of suaeda heterophylla to abiotic stresses (LB284)
Authors: HAMEED ABDUL , AHMED MUHAMMAD , GULZAR SALMAN , GUL BILQUEES , ALAM JAN , HEGAZY AHMAD , Alatar Abdulrahman , KHAN M. 
Published: June 2021

Seed germination and recovery from salt stress of an annual halophyte Suaeda heterophylla (Kar. & Kir.) Bunge to different iso‐osmotic concentrations (0, ‐0.46, ‐0.92, ‐1.38, ‐1.84, and ‐2.30 MPa) of NaCl and PEG‐6000 at 15/25, 20/30 and 25/35oC in both 12‐h temperature and light regimes and in complete darkness were studied. Maximum number of seeds germinated in distilled water and increase in concentrations of both NaCl and PEG‐6000 decreased germination at all temperature regimes, light and dark conditions, with higher inhibition in NaCl than PEG‐6000. Recovery of germination and viability of seeds were lower in NaCl than PEG‐6000 both in the light and dark. Moderate alternate temperatures (20/30oC) and 12‐h photoperiod were found to be the optimal for seed germination and recovery. Better seed germination of S. heterophylla when osmotic potential caused both by NaCl and PEG 6000 is lower, temperature regime of 20/30oC and light regime is for 12 h.Grant Funding Source: ABDEL REHMAN A. ALATAR
Assessment of factors related to carbohydrate intolerance I: OGTT glucose AUC (LB299)
Authors: Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung Y , O'Connor A , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The OGTT is a gold standard in assessing carbohydrate intolerance (CI) and insulin resistance. However, the test is costly and time consuming. This study examined whether a CI survey could predict response to an OGTT. 108 women (31.6±13 yr, 34.7±7% body fat, 25.3±4 kg/m2) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI inventory, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75 g OGTT in which glucose samples and perceptions of CI symptoms were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine which factors correlated with OGTT glucose AUC. Results revealed significant correlations (p<0.05) in GAUC (264±46 mg/hr/dL) to G120 AUC (r=0.43), glucose AUMC (r=0.97), Cmax (r=0.91), fasting insulin (r=0.26), HOMA (r=0.30), height (r=‐0.28), resting HR (r=0.19), BMC (r=‐0.36), BMD (r=‐0.32), FFM (r=‐0.28), being overweight since very young (r=0.27), and slowly gaining weight after age 30. These findings indicate that OGTT GAUC is positively correlated with G120, insulin, and HOMA. Further, shorter women who gained weight as they got older with a higher resting HR and lower FFM, BMC, and BMD were more related to GAUC during a OGTT.Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
Analysis of the validity of a carbohydrate intolerance questionnaire I (LB305)
Authors: O'Connor A , Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung YP , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Koozehchian M , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of responses to a carbohydrate intolerance (CI) questionnaire to body composition and markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, BMI 25.3±4) donated fasting blood samples, completed a CI survey, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2‐h OGTT. Pearson product correlations were performed to determine correlations to CI questions. Being more than 25 lbs overweight correlated with OGTT G90 (r=0.22), G120 (r=0.25), glucose AUMC (r=0.19), age (r=0.43), weight (r=0.57), waist circumference (r=0.66), hip circumference (r=0.59), BMI (r=0.72), fat mass (r=0.60), body fat % (r=0.51), and insomnia (r=0.30). Being overweight throughout their life correlated with OGTT G30 (r=‐0.28), glucose AUC (r=‐0.20), weight (r=0.47), waist (r=0.31) and hip circumference (r=0.49), BMI (r=0.44), BMC (r=0.33), FFM (r=0.31), fat mass (r=0.42), body fat % (r=0.31), and fatigue/exhaustion (r=‐0.21). Being overweight since youth correlated with OGTT G30 (r=‐0.28), G60 (r=‐0.24), G90 (r=‐0.22), glucose AUC (r=‐0.24), weight (r=0.35), waist circumference (r=0.22), hip circumference (r=0.36), BMI (r=0.32), BMC (r=0.32), FFM (r=0.25), fat mass (r=0.30), and body fat % (r=0.22). Poor appetite and skipping meals correlated with the glucose/insulin ratio (r=0.22), height (r=‐0.22), and BMI (r=0.20). Results revealed that CI questions moderately correlated with body composition, health markers, and/or questions related to CI.Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
Dietary Isomers of Sialyllactose Increase Ganglioside Sialic Acid Concentrations in the Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum of Formula‐fed Piglets (LB320)
Authors: Jacobi Sheila , Li D. , Dasgupta S. , Yu Robert , Berg Brian , Chichlowski Maciej , Odle Jack 
Published: June 2021

Sialic acid (SA) is a key component of human milk oligosaccharides and neural tissues. SA accumulates in the brain rapidly during neonatal development and is thought to play an important role in brain development . This study aimed to determine if different isomers of sialyllactose (SL) enrich brain SA of developing neonatal piglets. Day‐old pigs were randomized among 6 diets (control, 2g/L 3’‐SL, 4g/L 3’‐SL, 2g/L 6’‐SL, or 4g/L 6’‐SL, or 2g/L polydextrose + 2g/L galacto‐oligosaccharide; n=9) and fed three times per day for 21 d. Pigs were euthanized and the left hemisphere of the brain was dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, corpus callosum, and hippocampus regions. Total and lipid‐bound (ganglioside) SA were assayed following extraction with chloroform:methanol (2:1), and free SA was calculated by difference. Protein‐bound SA was measured in the insoluble residue following suspension in PBS containing 1% Triton X‐100. SA was determined using a modified periodic acid‐resorcinol reaction. Dietary SL did not affect feed intake, growth or fecal consistency. Ganglioside‐bound SA in the corpus callosum of pigs fed 2g/L of 3’‐SL (359±16 μg SA/g wet tissue) or 6’‐SL (361±16 μg SA/g) was increased by 15% over control pigs (314±16 μg SA/g; P<0.05). Similarly, ganglioside‐bound SA in the cerebellum of pigs fed 4g/L of 3’‐SL (416±14 μg SA/g) was increased by 10% over control pigs (377±14 μg SA/g; P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of formula with 3’‐ or 6’‐SL can enrich ganglioside SA in the brain of suckling piglets.Grant Funding Source: Mead Johnson Nutrition
Dietary fat and glucose control in Pregnancy Exercise & Nutrition Feasibility Study participants (LB321)
Authors: Glaize Lucille , Moe Esther , McLain Margaret , Goldberg Linn , Lasarev Michael , Stadler Diane 
Published: June 2021

Background: Dietary fat intake influences glucose control during pregnancy.Methods: Fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) were measured, insulin resistance and sensitivity (HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and QUICKI) were calculated and dietary total fat (TF), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) were estimated each trimester (T1, T2, T3) in 26 women during pregnancy. Relationships between fat intake and glucose control were assessed using canonical correlations (CC).Results: Compared to sample means, during T1, higher MUFA, PUFA and lower SFA intakes are correlated with higher QUICKI and FI (r=0.72); higher TF, SFA, and MUFA intakes are correlated with higher FG (r=0.67). During T2, higher TF and SF intakes are correlated with higher FG, FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β and lower QUICKI (r=0.66). During T3, higher TF, MUFA, and PUFA intakes are correlated with lower FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and high QUICKI (r=0.65).

Fat Variables
T1 CC1
T1 CC2
T2 CC1
T3 CC1

Correlation between Variables and Canonical Variate

TF
‐0.05
0.98
0.62
0.74

SFA
‐0.43
0.82
0.63
0.12

MUFA
0.35
0.83
0.46
0.77

PUFA
0.24
0.23
0.28
0.46

Glucose Variables

FG
0.06
0.54
0.66
0.01

FI
0.83
0.19
0.56
‐0.25

HOMA‐IR
0.09
0.20
0.59
‐0.24

HOMA‐Î²
0.08
0.15
0.50
‐0.26

QUICKI
0.16
‐0.13
‐0.57
0.36

Fat &amp; Glucose Correlations
0.72
0.67
0.66
0.65

Variable Mean ± SD
T1
T2
T3

TF (%)
37 ± 8
31 ± 6
34 ± 7

SFA (%)
12 ± 4
10 ± 3
11 ± 4

MUFA (%)
13 ± 4
11 ± 3
12 ± 3

PUFA (%)
8 ± 3
7 ± 2
8 ± 3

FG (mg/dl)
84 ± 6.5
81 ± 7.3
79 ± 7.2

FI (ÂµU/mL)
8.2 ± 4.3
9.4 ± 6.4
11.5 ± 5.5

HOMA‐IR
1.7 ± 1.0
1.9 ± 1.5
2.3 ± 1.1

HOMA‐Î²
2.0 ± 1.0
2.4 ± 1.4
3.0 ± 1.3

QUICKI
0.36 ± 0.04
0.36 ± 0.03
0.35 ± 0.03

Conclusion: Although patterns are different at each trimester, these results show that healthier fat intake during pregnancy corresponds with healthier glucose control.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The OHSU Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness and the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, grant number UL1TR000128 from the NCATS of the NIH.
Expression of platelet‐activating factor‐receptor potentiates the cytotoxicity of benzyl isothiocyanate in melanoma cells (LB332)
Authors: Sahu Ravi 
Published: June 2021

Malignant melanoma is currently the most rapidly growing malignancy with >11,000 estimated annual mortality in the United States. Because melanoma is resistant to chemo and radiotherapies, investigation of novel therapeutic target(s) and approaches are required. Platelet‐activating factor‐receptor (PAF‐R) plays crucial roles in regulating cancer growth. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), present in cruciferous vegetables possess anticarcinogenic properties against various cancers. Since, most elanomas express PAF‐Rs, the present studies investigated efficacy of BITC against melanoma cells expressing or non‐expressing PAF‐R. Studies using novel model systems consisting of murine B16F10 melanoma cells ectopically expressing PAF‐R (B16‐PAFR) or vector control (B16‐MSCV) created by retroviral mediated transduction, demonstrate that BITC dose‐dependently decrease the survival of B16‐PAFR cells substantially compared to B16‐MSCV cells. In contrast, PAF‐R agonist, CPAF induced enhance proliferation of only, B16‐PAFR cells, indicating the importance of PAF‐R in melanoma progression. To determine the mechanism, BITC‐treatments resulted significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in B16‐PAFR cells compared to B16‐MSCV cells, and was blocked by vitamin C. In addition, BITC induced increase apoptosis in B16‐PAFR cells. Importantly, BITC‐induced increase cell death, ROS and apoptosis in B16‐PAFR cells were blocked by vitamin C and PAF‐R antagonist. Moreover, BITC significantly suppressed the growth of B16‐PAFR melanoma xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice via inducing apoptosis. Finally, BITC significantly decreased the survival of PAF‐R positive human melanoma cells compared to PAF‐R negative cells. These studies indicate that BITC could be used as a novel chemopreventive agent against PAF‐R expressing melanoma cells. Grant Funding Source: AICR 09A062, ACSIRG 4185607, Showalter Research Trust Fund 4485602
Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort (LB334)
Authors: Park Song‐Yi , Wilkens Lynne , Henderson Brian , Le Marchand Loic 
Published: June 2021

To investigate the association of alcohol intake with colorectal cancer risk, we prospectively analyzed data from 168,325 participants who entered the Multiethnic Cohort between 1993 and 1996. During a mean follow‐up period of 14.8 years, a total of 4,088 incident cases (2,215 men and 1,873 women) were identified. In multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer both in men (relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99‐1.32, 20‐40 g/d vs. 0 g/d; RR=1.28, 95% CI=1.10‐1.49, 蠅40 g/d) and women (RR=1.20, 95% CI=0.99‐1.45, 蠅20 g/d). Among men with the highest intake of folate from food and supplements (蠅592 µg/d), alcohol was not associated with risk (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.67‐1.17, 蠅40 g/d), while an increased risk was observed in those with lower folate intake (for 319‐592 µg/d, RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.03‐1.67; for <319 µg/d, RR=1.68, 95% CI=1.29‐2.17, P for interaction=0.033). No interaction was suggested between folate and alcohol intake among women. There was also no evidence for ethnic differences in the alcohol‐colorectal cancer association. These findings confirm that alcohol drinking increases the risk of colorectal cancer both in men and women, and suggest that an adequate intake of folate protects against the increased risk of colorectal cancer associated with alcohol consumption in men.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH UM1CA164973
Effect of bitter melon on blood glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (LB335)
Authors: Kim Myung‐Wha , Han Hye Kyoung , Hwang EunJung 
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to examine the effects of bitter melon (BM) on the plasma blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats through an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a 0.01 M citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague‐Dawley rats were then fed for four weeks, with the experimental groups receiving a modified diet containing 5% or 10% powder derived from BM. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups, consisting of the normal control group, STZ‐control group and diabetic fed with BM 5% & 10% treated groups. The blood glucose was significantly decreased in the 5% & 10% BM of the diabetic group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver showed not changes in diabetic experimental groups. These results indicate that the supplementation of BM may have a favorable influence on reducing the blood glucose level in STZ‐induced diabetic rats. Grant Funding Source: Supported by 2013 Research Fund of Duksung Women’s University
Association between intake of fish and shellfish and omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in middle‐aged female with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (LB343)
Authors: Park Seokyung , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Soyeon , Jang Won , Kim Hyesook , Choi Young Ju , Huh Kap Bum , Chang Namsoo 
Published: June 2021

This study was aimed to examine the association between intake of fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids and CVD risk factors in 356 middle‐aged (40‐64 years) female with T2D. Dietary food intake was assessed by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire method. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum triglyceride level was negatively and HDL‐cholesterol positively associated with fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids intake after adjusting for age and BMI. Right pulse wave velocity, atherogenic index and diastolic blood pressure were negatively associated with n‐3 fatty acids intake. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertriglyceridemia was lower in the 4th quartile compared to the 1st quartile of fish and shellfish intake (OR=0.474;95% CI=0.243‐0.924) and n‐3 fatty acids intake (OR=0.477;95% CI=0.242‐0.943). The OR for hypoalphalipoproteinemia was lower in the 4th quartile compared to the 1st quartile of fish and shellfish intake (OR=0.530;95% CI=0.289‐0.972) and n‐3 fatty acids intake (OR=0.468;95% CI=0.255‐0.861). These results suggest that intake of fish and shellfish and n‐3 fatty acids is associated with decreased CVD risk in middle‐aged female patients with T2D.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF‐2013R1A1A2011544) and Brain Korea 21 Plus.
Effects of the lemon detox program on body fat reduction and detoxification in Korean overweight women (LB354)
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Na Hye Bog , Kim Mi Joung 
Published: June 2021

This study was investigated the effects of lemon detox program on body fat reduction and detoxification in Korean overweight women. Eighty four premenopausal women were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group without diet restriction (Normal‐C), pair‐fed diet group that were provided placebo juice with calorie restriction similar as lemon detox group but no containing lemon juice (Positive‐C), lemon detox diet group (Lemon‐D). Total clinical trial periods were 11 days including 7 days for the abstinence period that were permitted to consume only the lemon detox juice for Lemon‐D group or placebo juice for Positive‐C group and 4 days of the transition period to food. All subjects were examined anthropometric and biochemical indices before and after clinical trial. Body weight, BMI, % body fat, waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference were decreased in all three groups. However the changes of body weight, BMI, % body fat, and WHR of Lemon‐D or Positive‐C groups were significantly higher than those of Normal‐C group. Especially, the decline degree of trunk/total fat ratio was significantly higher in Lemon‐D group than in Normal‐C. The concentrations of serum leptin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and adiponectin were significantly decreased while serum homocysteine level was elevated by trials in Lemon‐D or Positive‐C groups. Serum high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) level was reduced by only Lemon‐D trial. In conclusion, the lemon detox program showed a significant body fat reduction by calorie restriction and also seem to have some detoxic effects related to decreased levels of serum adipokines like hs‐CRP. However further study is needed to elucidate the exact mechanism for detoxification of lemon detox programGrant Funding Source: This work was supported by a research grant from Cencorp Korea Co.
Refinement of tools used to determine outcome of nutrient therapy for seizures (LB367)
Authors: Allen Hannah , Borum Peggy 
Published: June 2021

Background: Seizure Number and Medication Number currently used to evaluate the outcome of therapies for patients with seizures are often in conflict with caregivers’ description of their children’s progress. Caregivers’ verbal history incorporates seizure severity, type, length, and other variables in addition to seizure number and medication dosage in addition to medication number.Objective: Refine and compare to currently used methods Seizure Load and Medication Load, which incorporate the above additional characteristics.Methods: Medication Number and Seizure Number are calculated from daily records. Daily seizure records with number and characteristics are used to calculate Seizure Load. Minimum recommended dosage is obtained for each medication and is divided by the prescribed dosage to calculate daily Medication Load. Response during therapy is the percent change from baseline. Seizure Load Response was compared to Seizure Number Response and Medication Load Response was compared to Medication Number Response.Results: Seizure monitoring tools and medication monitoring tools were compared using 2912 seizures in 1319 seizure days and 17642 medications in 7404 medication days in patients receiving Ketogenic Therapy. Therapy effects detected using Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response was often not detected with Seizure Number Response and Medication Number Response respectively. Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response can indicate better therapy effect, worse therapy effect, or no effect when Seizure Number Response and Medication Number Response show no change.Conclusion: Seizure Load Response and Medication Load Response are useful tools to determine outcome of therapy that requires monitoring seizures and medications.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the NIH/NCATS Clinical and Translational Science Award to the University of Florida UL1 TR000064
Antiadipogenic Effect of Green Coffee Bean Extract (LB368)
Authors: Marko Melissa 
Published: June 2021

Obesity, the accumulation of excess fat or adipose resulting in increased health problems and decreased life span, is a serious problem worldwide. Prevention of adipogenesis is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity. Extracts of unroasted coffee beans or green coffee bean extract (GCBE) have recently been shown in small clinical trials to decrease weight in overweight individuals, however the mechanism of its effects are unclear. We evaluated the effect of GCBE on the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes by analyzing the stages of differentiation and lipid accumulation. In preliminary results, we have found that GCBE inhibits 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation as measured by Oil Red O staining without cytotoxic effects using the Alamar Blue viability assay. Importantly, this inhibition by GCBE occurred when treatment was given on the first day of adipogenesis induction and was enough to slow the differentiation process, indicating that GCBE may exert its effect at the onset of the adipogenic program, which we plan to further investigate.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Evelyn C.F. Ma Memorial Research Fund and The University of the Sciences Department of Biological Sciences.