bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Veneros Guevara Jaris Enmanuel 
Published: August 2021

When we talk about science, it has various definitions thought history, as well as various types. However, Science comes from the Latin scientia and is defined as a set of knowledge obtained through observation and reasoning, systematically structured and from which general principles and laws are deduced with predictive and experimentally verifiable capacity (Douven, 2002; RAE, 2020). Furthermore, science is about real things that happen in the world; science tries to provide a consistent understanding of these things (Derry, 2018) and I selected this general concept because through the scientific method we can do science, and science helps to break paradigms (Arndt, 1985; Feder, 2017) and allows the advancement of knowledge; nonetheless, there are things that science has not yet explained such as art or poetry but we cannot return to obscurantism for things that science does not yet explain (Denegri, 2008).
According to (Schimel, 2012) affirms that the objective of a researcher who publishes is that he or she should be cited; nonetheless, I agree with these authors (Fiske & Campbell, 1992) the most important before being cited is to solve problems in medicine, agriculture, ecology and among other disciplines as well. The National University of Jaen was founded on December 12, 2008, in Cajamarca, Peru, and makes a great effort to promote science at different geographical scales and fields through its Multidisciplinary Journal Pakamuros and calls on the International Scientific Community to address the Global problems that afflict us today as the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and Global Warming and propose solutions through the scientific method and inter-institutional cooperation for the benefit of humanity.
Pola Komunikasi Pimpinan Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Pratama Bangkit 
Published: August 2021

Kondisi dimana karyawan bekerja dengan kurang efektif dalam pencapaian targetnya, disebabkan belum terbentuknya pola komunikasi kepemimpinan yang mampu meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pola Komunikasi Pemimpin Divisi Legal Corporate PT. Perintis Pelayanan Paripurna Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Karyawan. Pemimpin di setiap kelompok diharapkan mampu menjalin kerjasama dengan bawahannya untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan. Seperti yang terjadi pada divisi legal corporate PT. Perintis Pelayanan Paripurna, dimana komunikasi antara manajer dan karyawan disampaikan secara vertikal dan horizontal, sehingga membentuk suatu pola komunikasi. Adapun dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi kasus, yaitu pengumpulan data berdasarkan kenyataan di lapangan melalui observasi untuk meninjau dan mengamati objek penelitan, wawancara dengan responden untuk mengumpulkan data dan dokumentasi berupa foto-foto yang mendukung penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi secara vertikal dan horizontal yang berjalan pada divisi legal corporate membentuk suatu pola komunikasi yaitu pola komunikasi all chanel (semua saluran), meskipun demikian masih terjadi kendala komunikasi dalam pekerjaan salah satunya adalah miss communications. Berdasarkan Informasi yang disampaikan manajer, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa tipe kepemimpinan yang dimiliki manajer Divisi Legal Corporate termasuk pada kategori Lissez Faire, yaitu pemimpin menganggap bawahan sudah memahami tanggungjawabnya tanpa harus dijelaskan lagi., Salah satu cara untuk menjalin kerjasama tersebut yaitu dengan membangun pola komunikasi yang baik antara pimpinan dan bawahan dalam bentuk pertukaran informasi dan gagasan.
Kata kunci: pola komunikasi, kepemimpinan, motivasi kerja, karyawan
Analisis Semiotika Terhadap Makna Simbolik Elemen-Elemen Lantai Teras Arupadhatu Pada Candi Borobudur
Authors: Darmayuda I Gusti Putu 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna simbolik elemen-elemen lantai teras Arupadhatu pada candi Borobudur dengan teori Semiotika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian literature atau pustaka (library research) menggunakan pendekatan interpretative untuk menganalisis keterkaitan antara makna symbol elemen-elemen yang ada dengan ajaran Buddha. Penelitian ini menghasilkan analisis makna simbolis terhadap lantai teras 6 berdenah bujursangkar yang mempunyai makna simbolis bumi dan merupakan ruang transisi menuju unsur alam Aruphadhatu.
Lantai teras 7, 8, 9, dan 10 mempunyai denah lantai melingkar merupakan simbolisasi kepala, alam atas atau langit merupakan unsur tanpa wujud ( Arupadhatu). Denah lantai melingkar mempunyai makna simbolisasi sebagai bentuk perjalanan rohani manusia naik menuju pencerahan.
Elemen stupa terawang lantai teras 7 dan 8 berbentuk celah belah ketupat mempunyai makna simbolis bahwa sang Buddha masih terikat oleh unsur-unsur duniawi. Elemen Stupa terawang lantai teras 9 celah bujursangkar mempunyai makna simbolis bahwa Sang Buddha tidak lagi terpengaruh oleh unsur duniawi dan mampu mencapai keseimbangan batin. Elemen stupa puncak lantai 10 mempunyai makna simbolis bahwa sang Buddha sudah mencapai pencerahan tertinggi dimana sang roh suci berada di Alam kesunyata atau nirwana (nibbana) terbebas dari ikatan reinkarnasi (kelahiran dan kematian) sesuai dengan tujuan utama ajaran Buddha.
Teknik Produksi Berita Dalam Media Online Era.Id Fitur Lifestyle
Authors: Prasetyo Heri , Zebua Dedy 
Published: August 2021

Menjabarkan juga mengkaji teknik produksi berita dalam media online era.id fitur lifestyle. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui teknik produksi berita dalam media online era.id fitur lifestyle. Metode Penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, Jenis dan tehnik pengumpulan data adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara. Sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari data yang berbentuk buku, web, artikel. Hasil Penelitian Proses Penyajian: Dalam Era.id pada tahap pencarian beritanya adalah mengirim reporter ke tempat-tempat yang berkaitan berita tentang lifestyle, dan pimpinan redaksi memberikan arahan kepada redaksi untuk mencari berita lifesyle melalui artikel, internet, dan lainnya tetapi tidak mengubah teknis penulisan tersebut dengan gaya penulisan era.id dan tidak merubah konteks isi berita tersebut. Dan era.id melakukan peliputan melalui hasil pengamatan isu-isu lifestyle luar negeri dan bekerja sama dengan kantor berita ANTARA dan era.id mempunyai kontributor di setiap wilayah di indonesia untuk mendapatkan berita-berita lifestyle. Kedua tahap penulisan berita, setelah mengumpulkan data dan informasi dari hasil dari liputan, maka reporter langsung mengelola untuk tahapan pengembangan berita (berita ditulis, disunting dan dikembangkan, tidak copy paste). Dan terakhir tahap penyuntingan, setelah ditulis naskah akan disunting oleh redaktur terlebih dahulu sebelum diupload. Kesimpulan agar dapat dibaca oleh masyarakat dan membuat wawasan masyarakat tentang dunia lifestyle lebih mendalam. Saran meningkatkan kembali Teknik produksi berita dalam media onine era.id fitur lifestyle agar fitur ini menjadi fitur yang lebih unggul dan mempunyai kualitas tinggi dari media yang sudah ada sebelumnya.
Evidence of Solar-cycle-related Structural Changes in the Solar Convection Zone
Authors: Basu Sarbani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While it has been relatively easy to determine solar-cycle related changes in solar dynamics, determining changes in structure in the deeper layers of the Sun has proved to be difficult. By using helioseismic data obtained over two solar cycles, and sacrificing resolution in favor of lower uncertainties, we show that there are significant changes in the solar convection zone, and perhaps even below it. Using Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) data, we find a relative squared sound-speed difference of (2.56 ± 0.71) × 10−5 at the convection-zone base between the maximum of solar Cycle 23 and the minimum between Cycles 23 and 24. The squared sound-speed difference for the maximum of Cycle 24 obtained with Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) data is (1.95 ± 0.69) × 10−5. Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) data support these results. We also find that the sound speed in the solar convection zone decreases compared to the sound speed in the layers below it as the Sun becomes more active. We find evidence of changes in the radial derivative of the sound-speed difference between the solar minimum and other epochs at the base of the convection zone, implying possible small changes in the position of the convection-zone base; however, the results are too noisy to make any definitive estimates of the change.
MG1-688432: A Peculiar Variable System
Authors: Tucker Roy A. , Craine Eric R. , Craine Brian L. , Kulessa Andy S. , Corbally Christopher J. , Kraus Adam L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The short-period variable star MG1-688432 has been discovered to exhibit occasional extremely high energy optical outbursts as high as 1038 erg. Outbursts are typically several hours in duration. These events are often highly structured, resembling sequential associated releases of energy. Twenty years of time sequence photometry are presented, indicating a basic sinusoidal light curve of mean period 6.65 days, with some phase shifting and long-term temporal trends in amplitude and mean brightness. Spectroscopy reveals a peculiar star, best resembling a K3 subgiant that has evolved off the main sequence moderately redward of the giant branch. Spectroscopic and radial velocity analyses indicate a binary system orbiting its barycenter with an unseen companion to the K3 IV primary. This is not an eclipsing system, with the inclination of the orbit precluding eclipse by the secondary. The system is at a distance of 1.5 kpc, and analysis of Gaia observations leads to the conclusion that the H-R diagram position of MG1-688432 is established by an intrinsic feature of the system, most likely either the stellar evolutionary state of the observed star or the presence of small (nongray) dust within the system. Two mechanisms (or combinations thereof) that might give rise to characteristics of the system are (1) magnetically induced chromospheric activity and (2) impacts with tidally disrupted planetary debris.
Volatility of Sodium in Carbonaceous Chondrites at Temperatures Consistent with Low-perihelion Asteroids
Authors: Masiero Joseph R. , Davidsson Björn J. R. , Liu Yang , Moore Kelsey , Tuite Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solar system bodies with surface and subsurface volatiles will show observational evidence of activity when they reach a temperature where those volatiles change from solid to gas and are released. This is most frequently seen in comets, where activity is driven by the sublimation of water, carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide ices. However, some bodies (notably the asteroid (3200) Phaethon) show initiation of activity at very small heliocentric distances, long after they have reached the sublimation temperatures of these ices. We investigate whether the sodium present in the mineral matrix could act as the volatile element responsible for this activity. We conduct theoretical modeling which indicates that sodium has the potential to sublimate in the conditions that Phaethon experiences, depending on the mineral phase it is held in. To test this, we then exposed samples of the carbonaceous chondrite Allende to varying heating events, similar to what would be experienced by low-perihelion asteroids. We measured the change in sodium present in each sample and find that the highest temperature samples show a significant loss of sodium from specific mineral phases over a single heating event, comparable to a day on the surface of Phaethon. Under specific thermal histories possible for Phaethon, this outgassing could be sufficient to explain this object’s observed activity. This effect would also be expected to be observed for other low-perihelion asteroids as well and may act as a critical step in the process of disrupting small low-albedo asteroids.
Rabies Vaccine Disposition: Trends in Vaccination Among Israeli Travelers
Authors: Meltzer Eyal , Yanuka Remez , Schwartz Eli 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Travelers are a risk-group for rabies; however, few are protected. We describe changes in pre-travel vaccination rates and post-travel referrals after animal contact. We conducted a nationwide, retrospective study for 2014–2018. The ratio of rabies vaccine courses distributed to travelers and the number of Israeli-tourist-entries to endemic countries was calculated, as was the proportion of travelers referred to a post-travel clinic after animal contact. During the study period, the ratio of pre-travel vaccine courses distributed nationally to outgoing tourism to endemic countries was stable at ≈0.7%; 13% of 256,969 pre-travel consultations included recommendation for rabies vaccination. Backpackers were more likely to be immunized (40.2%) than business travelers (4.4%) or travelers planning organized/high-end travel (2.0%). However, rates of rabies vaccination among backpackers showed a decline during the study period. Post-travel referrals after animal contact were stable at 2% of all referrals; most were exposed in Asia (69.5%) and 51% were bitten by dogs. Only 38% received post-exposure prophylaxis abroad. We conclude that only a minority of Israeli travelers, including backpackers, receive rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis. The proportion of travelers with potentially rabid animal contact is not decreasing; however, many exposed travelers do not receive post-exposure prophylaxis during travel. Because rabies control programs have been compromised in endemic countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to provide rabies protection to travelers has become more urgent. After the ACIP’s adoption of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2-dose regimen, a revision of current vaccine guidelines is required to provide a simplified, more inclusive rabies vaccine policy.
Gestión con enfoque de sostenibilidad para empresas familiares agrícolas cafetaleras de la provincia de Manabí
Authors: Bravo Acosta Olga , Vélez De La Cruz Líder 
Published: August 2021

La investigación se propone caracterizar la producción del rubro cafetalero y el desarrollo de una propuesta de gestión que permita su explotación de manera racional, eficiente, con menor impacto ambiental y mayores réditos financieros para las familias involucradas. Presenta un alcance descriptivo analítico de enfoque mixto, para cuya recolección de datos se utilizaron las técnicas de observación directa de los modos, costumbres y cultura productiva, encuesta a 40 unidades productoras de café y entrevista a profesionales expertos en la cata, producción y comercialización de café en el país. Los resultados indican que estas empresas son pequeños complejos de entre 3 a 5 hectáreas, donde trabajan al menos dos integrantes de la familia; el nivel de producción y productividad es insuficiente para cubrir sus necesidades básicas; la mitad de ellas no cuenta con título de propiedad; en su gran mayoría no llevan registro formal de la actividad económica, venden su producto a intermediarios y realizan labores mecánicas y prácticas lesivas al ambiente. Se propone un esquema de gestión para optimizar el manejo de estas fincas y mejorar la economía familiar con criterios de sustentabilidad, basado en cuatro fases: producción eficiente, cosecha y post cosecha, comercialización diferenciada y plan de mejora continua.
Occupational Therapist Treatment of Patients in the Neurological Critical Care Unit: Utilization and Patient Characteristics
Authors: Malcolm Matt , Nordon-Craft Amy , Sharp Julia , Moss Marc , Hoffman Amanda , Morrow Meghan , Freeman Katherine , Graham James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImportance: Occupational therapy use in the neurological critical care unit (NCCU) may relate to patient factors, but data about these relationships remain unpublished.Objective: To examine how patient factors predict NCCU occupational therapy use and intervention types.Design: Retrospective cohort study of electronic health records data from adults admitted to the NCCU between May 2013 and September 2015.Setting: NCCU in a large, urban academic hospital.Participants: Adults (age ≥18 yr; N = 1,134) admitted to the NCCU.Measures: Using length of stay (LOS), number of comorbidities, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, gender, age, and racial–ethnic minority status as independent variables, separate regression models identified predictors for each dependent variable: receipt of NCCU occupational therapy, occupational therapy onset (days after admission), and receipt of self-care or home management (ADL–Home); functional activities or cognitive training (Func–Cog); and therapeutic exercise (Ther-Ex).Results: Four hundred twenty patients (37.0%) received occupational therapy in the NCCU. Receipt of occupational therapy was positively associated with LOS, number of comorbidities, GCS score, and age. Earlier occupational therapy onset was associated with higher GCS score and shorter LOS. Receipt of ADL–Home or Func–Cog interventions was significantly predicted by number of occupational therapy sessions, but patients with longer LOS were less likely to receive ADL–Home interventions. Receipt of Ther-Ex interventions became less likely as GCS score increased.Conclusions and Relevance: Patients are more likely to receive occupational therapy services if they are older and have a longer NCCU LOS, more comorbidities, and a higher level of consciousness.What This Article Adds: A patient’s level of consciousness is clearly associated with occupational therapy utilization and hospital outcomes, but it should not be the only factor considered when prioritizing patients for NCCU occupational therapy services. Compared with patients who were more awake and alert, patients with a lower level of consciousness had a later onset of occupational therapy, which suggests an opportunity for NCCU occupational therapists to collaborate with physicians in the modification of sedation protocols to enable early rehabilitation.
FUNDOS PÚBLICOS E FINANCIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO: O FUNDEB EM MUNICÍPIOS DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Coutinho Henrique Guimarães , Abranches Ana de Fátima P.S. 
Published: August 2021

O artigo apresenta um panorama geral do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação – Fundeb e discute dados referentes a percepção dos gestores e conselheiros da educação dos municípios do Nordeste a partir dos resultados de pesquisa quantitativa realizada em 2014 em 382 municípios do Nordeste. São abordados questões como financiamento da educação, descentralização, federalismo e da gestão local. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de melhorias importantes, a gestão desse Fundo ainda apresenta grandes obstáculos em relação ao volume de recursos, participação da sociedade e interferência do poder local.
NGHIÊN CỨU SẢN XUẤT LÚA ĐÀI THƠM 8 THEO HƯỚNG HỮU CƠ
Authors: Hoàng Văn Tiến , Phạm Thị Mai Trang 
Published: August 2021

Trong những năm gần đây việc lạm dụng phân bón và hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật đã gây ra ô nhiễm môi trường và làm giảm chất lượng nông sản, chính vì vậy, sản xuất nông nghiệp theo hướng hữu cơ là một trong những giải pháp nhằm nâng cao chất lượng nông sản. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Giống lúa Đài Thơm 8 sản xuất theo hướng hữu cơ không có sự chênh lệch về các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng, phát triển: Chiều cao cây ở ruộng thí nghiệm sản xuất theo hướng hữu cơ đạt chiều cao trung bình 2 vụ là 91,5cm, ruộng đối chứng đạt trung bình 95cm; Số dảnh hữu hiệu/m2 ở ruộng thí nghiệm đạt trung bình 2 vụ là 150,8 dảnh, ruộng đối chứng có số dảnh hữu hiệu/m2 trung bình 2 vụ là159,9 dảnh. Ruộng thí nghiệm đạt trung bình183 hạt chắc/bông, ruộng đối chứng trung bình đạt 192,5 hạt chắc/bông. Năng suất lý thuyết: Ruộng thí nghiệm đạt trung bình 63,5 tạ/ha, ruộng đối chứng trung bình đạt 70,7 tạ/ha. Năng suất thực thu: Ruộng thí nghiệm đạt trung bình 54 tạ/ha, ruộng đối chứng trung bình đạt 60,2 tạ/ha.Sản xuất lúa Đài Thơm 8 theo hướng hữu cơ đạt lãi thuần 7.370,000 đồng/ha, cao hơn đối chứng 3.054,000 đồng/ha.
Climate change projections of terrestrial primary productivity over the Hindu Kush Himalayan forests
Authors: Usman Halima , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Ahlström Anders , Baig Sofia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] caused by anthropogenic activities has triggered a requirement to predict the
future impact of [CO2] on forests. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region comprises a vast territory including forests, grasslands,
farmlands and wetland ecosystems. In this study, the impacts of climate change and land-use change on forest carbon fluxes and vegetation
productivity are assessed for HKH using the Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS). LPJ-GUESS simulations were driven by an
ensemble of three climate models participating in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) database. The modelled estimates of
vegetation carbon (VegC) and terrestrial primary productivity were compared with observation-based estimates. Furthermore, we also explored the net
biome productivity (NBP) and its components over HKH for the period 1851–2100 under the future climate scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. A reduced
modelled NBP (reduced C sink) is observed from 1986–2015 primarily due to land-use change. However, an increase in NBP is predicted under RCP2.6 and
RCP8.5. The findings of the study have important implications for the management of the HKH region, in addition to informing strategic decision making and land-use
planning, and clarifying policy concerns.
Vertical-axis wind-turbine computations using a 2D hybrid wake actuator-cylinder model
Authors: Martinez-Ojeda Edgar , Solorio Ordaz Francisco Javier , Sen Mihir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The actuator-cylinder model was implemented in OpenFOAM by virtue of source terms in the Navier–Stokes equations. Since the stand-alone actuator cylinder is not able to properly model the wake of a vertical-axis wind turbine, the steady incompressible flow solver simpleFoam provided by OpenFOAM was used to resolve the entire flow and wakes of the turbines. The source terms are only applied inside a certain region of the computational domain, namely a finite-thickness cylinder which represents the flight path of the blades. One of the major advantages of this approach is its implicitness – that is, the velocities inside the hollow cylinder region feed the stand-alone actuator-cylinder model (AC); this in turn computes the volumetric forces and passes them to the OpenFOAM solver in order to be applied inside the hollow cylinder region. The process is repeated in each iteration of the solver until convergence is achieved. The model was compared against experimental works; wake deficits and power coefficients are used in order to assess the validity of the model. Overall, there is a good agreement of the pattern of the power coefficients according to the positions of the turbines in the array. The actual accuracy of the power coefficient depends strongly on the solidity of the turbine (actuator cylinder related) and both the inlet boundary turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale (RANS simulation related).