bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1/Exendin‐4 cotherapy facilitates the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro and promotes periodontal bone regeneration in vivo
Authors: Liang Qianyu , Du Lingqian , Zhang Rui , Kang Wenyan , Ge Shaohua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesStromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) actively directs endogenous cell homing. Exendin‐4 (EX‐4) promotes stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Studies revealed that EX‐4 strengthened SDF‐1‐mediated stem cell migration. However, the effects of SDF‐1 and EX‐4 on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone regeneration have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy on PDLSCs in vitro and periodontal bone regeneration in vivo.MethodsCell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8), transwell assay, qRT‐PCR and western blot were used to determine the effects and mechanism of SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy on PDLSCs in vitro. A rat periodontal bone defect model was developed to evaluate the effects of topical application of SDF‐1 and systemic injection of EX‐4 on endogenous cell recruitment, osteoclastogenesis and bone regeneration in vivo.ResultsSDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy had additive effects on PDLSC proliferation, migration, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineral deposition and osteogenesis‐related gene expression compared to SDF‐1 or EX‐4 in vitro. Pretreatment with ERK inhibitor U0126 blocked SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy induced ERK signal activation and PDLSC proliferation. SDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy significantly promoted new bone formation, recruited more CXCR4+ cells and CD90+/CD34‐ stromal cells to the defects, enhanced early‐stage osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis‐related markers expression in regenerated bone compared to control, SDF‐1 or EX‐4 in vivo.ConclusionsSDF‐1/EX‐4 cotherapy synergistically regulated PDLSC activities, promoted periodontal bone formation, thereby providing a new strategy for periodontal bone regeneration.
Avoiding wasted research resources in conservation science
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Pigeon Karine E. , Raby Graham D. , Rytwinski Trina , Gallagher Austin J. , Schuster Richard , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Fahrig Lenore , Bennett Joseph R. , Cooke Steven J. , Roche Dominique G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScientific evidence is fundamental for guiding effective conservation action to curb biodiversity loss. Yet, research resources in conservation are often wasted due to biased allocation of research effort, irrelevant or low‐priority questions, flawed studies, inaccessible research outputs, and biased or poor‐quality reporting. We outline a striking example of wasted research resources, highlight a powerful case of data rescue/reuse, and discuss an exemplary model of evidence‐informed conservation. We suggest that funding agencies, research institutions, NGOs, publishers, and researchers are part of the problem and solutions, and outline recommendations to curb the waste of research resources, including knowledge co‐creation and open science practices.
Conceptualizing, Financing and Infrastructuring: Perspectives on Open Access in and from Africa
Authors: Okune Angela , Adebowale Sulaiman , Gray Eve , Mumo Angela , Oniang'o Ruth 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIn the 1970s and early 1980s, parastatal and independent indigenous publishing houses were established in capital cities across Africa, but these emerging operations and institutions were quickly undercut by structural adjustment programmes; African scholars had little alternative but to turn to organizations and publishing systems in Europe and North America. Unfortunately, contemporary scholarly publishing on the African continent remains largely dominated by Western corporate academic publishers. Even as the notion of open access has gained popularity, a growing body of scholarship indicates that the concept is in fact re‐entrenching the power of traditional academic publishers under a revised business model. This piece offers perspectives from African scholars and activists on the politics of open access, revealing different experiences of and imaginaries for open access in Africa. The piece is supplemented by data from the in‐depth discussion that informed it, which is published on an open‐source platform in an effort to invite readers to also lend their analytic perspectives and contribute towards iterative analysis and ongoing dialogue.
How Accessible are Journal Articles on Education Written by Sub‐Saharan Africa‐based Researchers?
Authors: Asare Samuel , Mitchell Rafael , Rose Pauline 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the extent to which education publications authored by researchers based in sub‐Saharan Africa are published as open access (OA). We draw on bibliometric analysis of 1,858 peer‐reviewed articles over the period 2010‒18, together with interviews with 31 academics based in the region. Overall, we find a steady increase in OA publishing in the region over this period, although the proportion of OA publications remains low. The study finds that: (1) open access articles by researchers in sub‐Saharan Africa are concentrated in journals with a lower impact factor; and (2) authors in sub‐Saharan Africa tend to publish in higher quality journals behind a paywall, rather than in lower quality journals that either have no or lower cost for open access.
What we believed to be a right upper pulmonary vein by transthoracic echocardiography is actually a right lower pulmonary vein
Authors: Baba Yuichi , Ochi Yuri , Hirota Takayoshi , Arima Naoki , Sugiura Kenta , Kawaguchi Juri , Hirakawa Daigo , Kubo Toru , Yamasaki Naohito , Kitaoka Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend that pulmonary vein (PV) velocity should be recorded by using the right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) during transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. However, it is uncertain whether the PV displayed during TTE is truly measuring the upper PV. This study aimed to identify the actual site of each PV that is usually detected during TTE.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 105 patients who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) and TTE, reconstructed images three‐dimensionally, and measured the angles between each PV and the left ventricle (LV) that would correspond to the Doppler incident angle of the apical four‐chamber view on TTE. We also performed TTE during catheter ablation to confirm the exact site of the PV.ResultsApical four‐chamber views on TTE revealed that one certain PV was detectable on the right side of the vertebra. CT scans revealed that the median angle of the axes between the LV and right lower pulmonary vein (RLPV) was smaller than that of RUPV {32.1˚ [interquartile range (IQR): 21.7˚‐42.1˚] vs. 62.5˚ (IQR: 51.6˚‐70.6˚), P < .001}. During catheter ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation, in the most well‐displayed PV on TTE, we detected the ablation catheter placed in the RLPV.ConclusionsThe most well‐displayed PV in an apical four‐chamber view by TTE was not the RUPV but the RLPV which showed the smallest angle of incidence toward the LV apex. The RLPV is suitable for evaluation of PV velocity to assess LV diastolic function.
Understanding productivity growth in the industrial revolution†
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent research relating to productivity growth during the British industrial revolution is reviewed. This confirms that there was a gradual acceleration rather than a ‘take‐off’. The explanation for the speeding‐up of technological progress remains controversial but the evidence base has improved considerably. In the face of a surge in population growth, slow growth of real wages during the industrial revolution may be seen as a good outcome which was underpinned by improved growth potential. Slow total factor productivity growth from the 1870s suggests that British technological capabilities at the end of the industrial revolution were still quite limited.
Skin organoids: A new human model for developmental and translational research
Authors: Lee Jiyoon , Koehler Karl R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCulturing skin cells outside of the body has been a cornerstone of dermatological investigation for many years; however, human skin equivalent systems typically lack the full complexity of native skin. Notably, skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, remain a challenge to generate or maintain in cell cultures and reconstruct in damaged skin. Recent work from our lab has demonstrated methods for generating appendage‐bearing skin tissue—known as skin organoids—from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we will summarize this work and other related works, and then discuss the potential future applications of skin organoids in dermatological research.
SAP domain forms a flexible part of DNA aperture in Ku70/80
Authors: Hnízda Aleš , Tesina Petr , Nguyen Thanh‐Binh , Kukačka Zdeněk , Kater Lukas , Chaplin Amanda K. , Beckmann Roland , Ascher David B. , Novák Petr , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: January 2021

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a DNA repair mechanism that religates double‐strand DNA breaks to maintain genomic integrity during the entire cell cycle. The Ku70/80 complex recognizes DNA breaks and serves as an essential hub for recruitment of NHEJ components. Here, we describe intramolecular interactions of the Ku70 C‐terminal domain, known as the SAP domain. Using single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy, mass spectrometric analysis of intermolecular cross‐linking and molecular modelling simulations, we captured variable positions of the SAP domain depending on DNA binding. The first position was localized at the DNA aperture in the Ku70/80 apo form but was not observed in the DNA‐bound state. The second position, which was observed in both apo and DNA‐bound states, was found below the DNA aperture, close to the helical arm of Ku70. The localization of the SAP domain in the DNA aperture suggests a function as a flexible entry gate for broken DNA.DatabasesEM maps have been deposited in EMDB (EMD‐11933). Coordinates have been deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB 7AXZ). Other data are available from corresponding authors upon a request.
Potential involvement of DSCAML1 mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Ogata Shigehiro , Hashizume Koichi , Hayase Yoneko , Kanno Yukie , Hori Kei , Balan Shabeesh , Yoshikawa Takeo , Takahashi Hidehiko , Taya Shinichiro , Hoshino Mikio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) remain unclear. We previously identified Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 (Dscaml1) as a responsible gene for Ihara epileptic rat (IER), a rat model for human NDDs with epilepsy. However, the relationship between NDDs and DSCAML1 in humans is still elusive. In this study, we screened databases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disability (ID)/developmental disorders (DD) and schizophrenia for genomic mutations in human DSCAML1. We then performed in silico analyses to estimate the potential damage to the mutated DSCAML1 proteins and chose three representative mutations (DSCAML1C729R, DSCAML1R1685* and DSCAML1K2108Nfs*37), which lacked a cysteine residue in the seventh Ig domain, the intracellular region and the C‐terminal PDZ‐binding motif, respectively. In overexpression experiments in a cell line, DSCAML1C729R lost its mature N‐glycosylation, whereas DSCAML1K2108Nfs*37 was abnormally degraded via proteasome‐dependent protein degradation. Furthermore, in primary hippocampal neurons, the ability of the wild‐type DSCAML1 to regulate the number of synapses was lost with all mutant proteins. These results provide insight into understanding the roles of the domains in the DSCAML1 protein and further suggest that these mutations cause functional changes, albeit through different mechanisms, that likely affect the pathophysiology of NDDs.
The positive association between natural vegetation, native coccinellids and functional diversity of aphidophagous coccinellid communities in alfalfa
Authors: Grez Audrey A. , Zaviezo Tania , Casanoves Fernando , Oberti Romina , Pliscoff Patricio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A greater taxonomic and functional diversity of natural enemies in agroecosystems is frequently positively associated with more effective pest control, due to the complementarity of species or traits. But this diversity has declined with landscape homogenisation and loss of natural covers, particularly losing native species, which play an important role in pest suppression within crops.
We evaluated the effect of landscape on coccinellid communities and aphids, and the relative contribution of coccinellids and aphids in shaping taxonomic and functional diversity of coccinellid communities in alfalfa fields.
We characterised the landscape at 1 km radius surrounding 17 alfalfa fields, and the taxonomic and functional diversity of coccinellid communities collected throughout the season in alfalfa. Functional diversity indices considered four traits: body size, habitat specialisation, ubiquity and temporal variability.
We found a positive association among native coccinellids in alfalfa and the amount of natural cover in the landscape, while aphids positively associated with agricultural cover. Also, we found a positive association among functional and taxonomic diversity indices with native coccinellids, and a negative association with exotics, demonstrating the contribution of native coccinellids in adding taxonomic and functional diversity to the aphidophagous communities in alfalfa fields. Aphids also associated positively with some functional and taxonomic diversity indices.
Our results highlight the need to promote appropriate management practices in agricultural landscapes in order to conserve native coccinellid species in alfalfa, maintain a diversified species pool and their potential for aphid pest suppression.
Japanese firms' overpayments for cross‐border acquisitions
Authors: Bebenroth Ralf , Ahmed Kashif 
Published: January 2021

AbstractU.S. and European research suggests that firms tend to overpay when acquiring cross‐border targets. Our research focuses on an Asian setting. We find that Japanese acquirers pay significantly higher premiums for cross‐border targets than for domestic ones. We also find that, in the case of acquisitions of domestic firms, acquirers that are laden with debt or that have higher market‐to‐book ratios (which signals their attractiveness) pay lower premiums. By contrast, we find that in the case of cross‐border acquisitions, neither variable has a significant impact on premiums, which suggests that premiums are not set efficiently for cross‐border acquisitions.
Effect of the buy‐online‐and‐pickup‐in‐store option on pricing and ordering decisions during online shopping carnivals
Authors: Xu Qingyun , Shao Zhen , He Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the value of the buy‐online‐and‐pickup‐in‐store (BOPS) option during online shopping carnivals. We develop a newsvendor model in which a retailer faces the risk of online order overload and provides consumers with a BOPS option. The optimal pricing and ordering decisions under the benchmark scenario and the omnichannel retailing scenario with the BOPS option are analyzed. The results demonstrate that after implementing the BOPS option, the retailer will maintain or lower the price instead of raising the price. In addition, we find that the fraction of BOPS consumers, the unit goodwill loss, and the retailer's best online service capacity play significant roles in the implementation of the BOPS option. We identify the condition under which the retailer can benefit from the BOPS option.
Knots, spoons, and cloches: DNA barcoding unusual larval forms helps document the diversity of Neotropical marine annelids
Authors: Collin Rachel , Venera‐Pontón Dagoberto E. , Macdonald Kenneth , Driskell Amy C. , Boyle Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe morphological diversity of marine annelid larvae is stunning. Although many of the larval forms have been categorized as trochophores or modified trochophores, there are a few groups with distinctive larval features that make them easy to distinguish from other annelid larvae. We collected 252 annelid larvae from the plankton, with particular emphasis on oweniids, polygordiids, and thalassematids (i.e., echiurans) and sequenced fragments of their cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. We found six oweniid, five polygordiid, and eight thalassematid OTUs. Thalassematids were found only in samples from the Pacific, and oweniids were found only in Caribbean samples. Among the oweniids we found two distinct morphotypes, one with a narrow, cloche shape and another that had a wider and more rectangular shape with clearly developed lappets. Among the polygordiids, we identified one larva as Polygordius eschaturus and several larvae as Polygordius jenniferae. All larvae, except for the P. eschaturus, which was at a stage too early to make a determination, were endolarvae. Among the thalassematids, we identified larvae of Ochetostoma edax and found seven unidentified OTUs. Finally, 150 miscellaneous polychaete larvae were sequenced, representing ~76 OTUs. Four rostraria larvae from the Caribbean, whose sequences confirm the long‐held assumption that they are amphinomids, could not be identified to species. In total only 5% of these OTUs could be identified to species with known sequences, and most could not be identified to genus or even family with reasonable certainty. It is clear that this poor coverage in the reference databases will limit metabarcoding efforts to document numbers of OTUs, and that DNA barcodes will be of limited use for identifying neotropical marine annelids until reference databases have improved their coverage of this group.
High‐energy storage density in NaNbO3‐modified (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐BiAlO3‐based lead‐free ceramics under low electric field
Authors: Peng Ping , Nie Hengchang , Zheng Chan , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCeramic‐based dielectric capacitor are highly suitable for pulsed power applications due to their high power density and excellent reliability. However, the ultrahigh applied electric field limit their applications in integrated electronic devices. In this work, (1−x){0.96(Bi0.5Na0.5)(Ti0.995Mn0.005)O3‐0.04BiAlO3}‐xNaNbO3 (BNT‐BA‐xNN, x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.16) ternary ceramics were designed to achieve excellent energy storage properties. It was found that the introduction of NaNbO3 (NN) effectively increase the difference (ΔP) between Pmax and Pr, resulting in an obvious enhancement of the energy storage properties. High recoverable energy storage density, responsivity, and power density, that is, Wrec = 2.01 J/cm3, ξ = Wrec/E = 130.69 J/(kV⋅m2), and PD = 25.59 MW/cm3, accompanied with superior temperature stability were realized at x = 0.14 composition. In addition, the thermal stable dielectric properties of the sample can be prominently improved with increasing NN content. The temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) of x = 0.16 composition is lower than 15% over the temperature range from 49°C to 340°C, with a high dielectric permittivity of 1647 and a low dielectric loss (0.0107) at 150°C. All these features show that the BNT‐BA‐xNN ceramics are promising materials for energy storage application.
Enhanced energy storage performance and thermal stability in relaxor ferroelectric (1‐x)BiFeO3‐x(0.85BaTiO3‐0.15Bi(Sn0.5Zn0.5)O3) ceramics
Authors: Ji Shuaishuai , Li Qianjie , Wang Dongdong , Zhu Jiangyuan , Zeng Min , Hou Zhipeng , Fan Zhen , Gao Xingsen , Lu Xubing , Li Qiliang , Liu Jun‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLead‐free (1‐x)BiFeO3‐x(0.85BaTiO3‐0.15Bi(Sn0.5Zn0.5)O3) [(1‐x)BF‐x(BT‐BSZ), x=0.45‐0.7] ceramic samples were prepared by solid phase sintering. It is revealed that the pure single‐phase perovskite structure can be obtained in samples with x ≥ 0.6. With increasing x, the measured ferroelectric hysteresis loop becomes gradually slimmed in accompanying with reduced remnant polarization, and a clear ferroelectric‐relaxor transition at x = 0.65 is identified. Furthermore, the measured electric breakdown strength can be significantly enhanced with increasing x, and the optimal energy storage performance is achieved at x = 0.65, characterized by the recoverable energy storage density up to ≈3.06 J/cm3 and energy storage efficiency as high as ≈92 %. Excellent temperature stability (25°C–110°C) and fatigue endurance (>105 cycles) for energy storage are demonstrated. Our results suggest that the BF‐based relaxor ceramics can be tailored for promising applications in high energy storage devices.
Patch monitors for arrhythmia monitoring in patients for suspected inherited arrhythmia syndrome
Authors: Cheung Christopher C. , Davies Brianna , Gibbs Karen , Laksman Zachary W. , Krahn Andrew D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing evaluation for an inherited arrhythmia syndrome undertake a series of ambulatory investigations including 24‐h Holter monitor, exercise treadmill testing (ETT), and others. Patch monitors may simplify the evaluation, providing accurate arrhythmia evaluation and QT assessment.Methods and ResultsPatients referred for evaluation of an inherited arrhythmia syndrome underwent standard investigations, including 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG), 24‐h Holter monitoring, ETT, along with supplemental monitoring using a 7‐day ECG patch monitor. Heart rates (HR), corrected QT intervals (QTc), and ectopic burden were compared across monitoring modalities. Among 35 patients that wore the patch monitor, the median age was 39 years (54% male). There was intermediate correlation between resting HR across modalities (r = .58–.66) and poor correlation of peak HR (r = .27–.39). There was intermediate correlation between resting QTc intervals across modalities (r = .72–.77) but negligible correlation between QTc intervals at peak HR across modalities (r = −.01 to −.06). There was good correlation in PAC and PVC ectopic burden across the Holter and patch monitor.ConclusionPatch monitors may simplify the evaluation of patients for an inherited arrhythmia syndrome and provide resting QT assessment over time. However, QTc interval comparison at peak HRs remains variable, and may be limited by the single‐lead ECG vector when using the patch monitor. Apart from QTc intervals at peak HR, patch monitors demonstrated good correlation with the ECG and Holter monitor for other parameters.