bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pulmonary embolism associated with mild COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Al‐Mashdali Abdulrahman F. , Ata Yaser M. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite its rarity, AIHA can be associated with COVID‐19. It should be suspected in a patient with recent COVID‐19 presenting with unexplained anemia.
A facet measure of money madness: A preliminary analyses of a new questionnaire
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Horne George 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study reports on the development of a new, facet level questionnaire to measure “money madness” based on a well‐established, four‐factor model. It reviews the papers currently available to researchers on those with “money troubles” such as financial distress. In this study, 256 adult participants from diverse backgrounds, who were recruited online, completed a 52‐item questionnaire designed to measure three facets of each of the four money factors: Security, Power, Love, and Freedom. They also completed a financial literacy questionnaire which had two factors. The internal reliability of the four money factors was satisfactory but this was not the case for all the facets. Factor analysis partly confirmed the hypothesized structure. Regressions indicated that associating money with power was the best predictor of financial literacy. The use of a facet or factor measure and necessary future theoretical and psychometric developments are discussed.
The prognostic impact of left ventricular thrombus resolution after acute coronary syndrome and risk modulation via antithrombotic treatment strategies
Authors: Hofer Felix , Kazem Niema , Schweitzer Ronny , Horvat Patricia , Winter Max‐Paul , Koller Lorenz , Hengstenberg Christian , Sulzgruber Patrick , Niessner Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a rare but dreaded complication during the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, profound data on long‐term outcome and associated antithrombotic treatment strategies of this highly vulnerable patient population are scarce in current literature.MethodsPatients presenting with ACS were screened for presence of LVT and subsequently included within a prospective clinical registry. All‐cause mortality and the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and thromboembolic events were defined as primary and secondary endpoint.ResultsWithin 43 patients presenting with LVT, thrombus resolution during patient follow‐up was observed in 27 individuals (62.8%). Patients that reached a resolution of LVT experienced lower incidence rates of death (−23.9%; p = .022), MACE (−37.8%; p = .005), and thromboembolic events (−35.2%; p = .008). Even after adjustment for clinical variables, thrombus resolution showed an independent inverse association with all‐cause death with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03–0.75; p = .021) and as well with MACE with a HR of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07–0.68; p = .008) and thromboembolic events with a HR of 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06–0.75; p = .015). Triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) with ticagrelor/prasugrel showed a strong and independent association with thrombus resolution with an adjusted HR of 3.25 (95% CI: 1.22–8.68; p = .019) compared to other strategies.ConclusionThe presented data indicate a poor outcome of ACS patients experiencing LVT. In terms of a personalized risk stratification, thrombus resolution has a strong protective impact on both all‐cause death and MACE with the potential to tailor treatment decisions—including an intensified antithrombotic treatment approach—in this patient population.
Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex (Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning
Authors: Morrison Cheryl L. , Johnson Nathan A. , Jones Jess W. , Eackles Michael S. , Aunins Aaron W. , Fitzgerald Daniel B. , Hallerman Eric M. , King Tim L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to the Tennessee and the upper Cumberland River basins. We used two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, 13 novel nuclear DNA microsatellite markers, and shell morphometrics to help resolve this taxonomic confusion. Evidence for a single species was apparent in phylogenetic analyses of each mtDNA gene, revealing monophyletic relationships with minimal differentiation and shared haplotypes. Analyses of microsatellites showed significant genetic structuring, with four main genetic clusters detected, respectively, in the upper Ohio River basin, the lower Ohio River and Great Lakes, and upper Tennessee River basin, and a fourth genetic cluster, which included geographically intermediate populations in the Ohio and Tennessee river basins. While principal components analysis (PCA) of morphometric variables (i.e., length, height, width, and weight) showed significant differences in shell shape, only 3% of the variance in shell shape was explained by nominal species. Using Linear Discriminant and Random Forest (RF) analyses, correct classification rates for the two species' shell forms were 65.5% and 83.2%, respectively. Random Forest classification rates for some populations were higher; for example, for North Fork Holston (HOLS), it was >90%. While nuclear DNA and shell morphology indicate that the HOLS population is strongly differentiated, perhaps indicative of cryptic biodiversity, we consider the presence of a single widespread species the most likely biological scenario for many of the investigated populations based on our mtDNA dataset. However, additional sampling of P. oviforme populations at nuclear loci is needed to corroborate this finding.
On the Relation of Entropy and Enthalpy of Fusion in Triglycerides
Authors: Seilert Julia , Rudolph‐Flöter Susanne , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis contribution presents an extensive literature survey of the calorimetric properties, namely enthalpy and entropy of fusion, of alkyl‐based molecules. Building on the well‐known linear correlation of the named properties to the carbon number in n‐alkanes, saturated fatty acids (FA), and saturated monoacid triglycerides (TAGs), the calorimetric properties of TAGs are reviewed. No straightforward correlation using a single ordering parameter, i.e., carbon number, can be derived for TAGs. This is not surprising due to the complexity of this particular class of molecules differing in alkyl‐chain distribution over the glycerol backbone and chain saturation. A linear correlation of enthalpy and entropy of fusion is evident for molecule classes for which both properties correlate linearly with the carbon number, e.g., n‐alkanes. Despite the complexity of TAGs, it is possible to establish a linear correlation between enthalpy and entropy of fusion even though no underlying single ordering parameter can be identified. A linear fit reveals discrepancies between saturated and unsaturated molecules but independence of polymorphic forms and chain length differences in mixed‐acid TAGs. Moreover, the slopes of the linear fits for data on n‐alkanes, saturated FA, and saturated mono‐acid TAGs are found to be in the vicinity of the melting temperature of polyethylene.
Increasing pit‐planting density of rice varieties with different panicle types to improves sink characteristics and rice yield under alternate wetting and drying irrigation
Authors: Jiang Shuochen , Du Bin , Wu Qixia , Zhang Haiwei , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Chinese government regards ensuring food security and developing water‐saving agriculture as an important national strategy and that carrying out relevant research has important practical significance and production application value. A two‐year field experiment was conducted to explore the compensation potential in rice yield by using rice varieties with different panicle size under two water management regimes (conventional water management or CWM and alternate wetting and drying or AWD). The results showed that the large panicle rice variety resulted in greater yield, crop water productivity, spikelet density, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and photosynthesis. Compared with the CWM, the AWD had little effect on rice yield. However, with an appropriate planting density, the AWD achieved a greater grain yield compared with the CWM. Moreover, the AWD increased crop water productivity and the grain‐filling efficiency. The loss of spikelets under the AWD could be compensated by increasing the planting density. Although AWD reduced tillering number, it increased the photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation and its translocation to grain, and leaf area index. In addition, the adverse effects on rice growth and the yield caused by the AWD could be alleviated by increasing planting density of rice. Therefore, an appropriate planting density can be used to save water and maintain high grain yield of rice under alternate wetting and drying.
Cell‐based hybrid adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for immersed boundary method
Authors: Saravanan Vignesh , Choung Hanahchim , Lee Soogab 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm for the immersed boundary method (IBM) combination, and the AMR code is split into mesh and physics codes to optimize each part individually. The uniform parent grid solver is used for AMR grids by constructing hanging cells for the high‐order extension. The restrictive spatial refinement in a fully threaded tree (FTT) data structure is explored, and a simplified stencil search algorithm for hanging cells construction is introduced, including current and following child AMR level cells, if any. The proposed AMR method was applied to IBM, which offers flexibility in treating complex geometries in the Cartesian grid, leading to algorithmic simplicity and computational efficiency. Local near immersed boundary refinement is proposed to avoid complex and computationally expensive IBM and AMR algorithms near the solid bodies. Finally, a high‐order flux scheme extension at AMR level transition cells and the proposed method's applicability for steady and transient flows are demonstrated. Besides state and flux variables storage, the proposed hybrid AMR method's additional cost is 4.5 words/cell instead of 3.5 words/cell for 2D and 3.75 words/cell instead of 2.75 words/cell for 3D compared to the conventional FTT‐based AMR method. By comparing the uniform grid, the AMR final grid distribution shows that the optimal cell distribution based on flow physics reduces the cells required by more than 40% to resolve the complex flow features in less computational time. The enhanced performance and accuracy of the proposed AMR method in resolving different scale flow features are validated through benchmark problems.
Tropical Asian mega‐delta ponds: Important and threatened socio‐ecological systems
Authors: Moorhouse Heather L. , Roberts Lucy R. , McGowan Suzanne , Panizzo Virginia N. , Barker Philip , Salehin Mashfiqus , Do Thu Nga , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Rahman Mohammad Feisal , Ghosh Tuhin , Das Sourav , Hackney Christopher , Salgado Jorge , Roy Manoj , Opel Aftab , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Large Andy R. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper uses multimedia to showcase the narratives and lived experiences of those who live and work in tropical Asian mega‐deltas, and as such is the first journal article of its kind in the field of Regional Geography. Using videos, photography and audio this paper describes the characteristics of ponds and their place in the intrinsically connected human‐environmental fabric of these delta regions. The aim is to bring to life descriptive inventories and provide greater weight in support of our conclusion that tropical Asian mega‐delta ponds are important and threatened systems. River deltas comprise just 1% of land cover worldwide but support the livelihoods of more than 500 million people. Delta research has historically focused on the major river channels and the socio‐ecological role of ponds has been overlooked despite their large number and surface area. Ponds are intrinsically linked to daily life (potable water, sanitation, bathing, washing), industry (aquaculture, agriculture) and the natural‐cultural heritage (religion, folklore) of deltas. In contrast to the larger river channels, ponds are likely to be significant stores and processors of nutrients, including carbon, and pollutants at annual to decadal scales, on account of their heavy anthropogenic use and smaller individual sizes. Consequently, they are severely polluted water sources and pose significant public health risks. In this review, we use case studies from three Asian mega‐deltas (the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam, and the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta, India and Bangladesh) to highlight the importance of Asian mega‐delta ponds as important socio‐ecological systems in their own right. We discuss future environmental challenges, knowledge gaps on the ecological function and biodiversity of these habitats, management and policy practices, and the capacity of ponds to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Ablation of arginyl‐tRNA‐protein transferase in oligodendrocytes impairs central nervous system myelination
Authors: Palandri Anabela , Bonnet Laura Vanesa , Farias Maria Gimena , Hallak Marta Elena , Galiano Mauricio Raul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAddition of arginine (Arg) from tRNA can cause major alterations of structure and function of protein substrates. This post‐translational modification, termed protein arginylation, is mediated by the enzyme arginyl‐tRNA‐protein transferase 1 (Ate1). Arginylation plays essential roles in a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal organization. Ate1 is associated with neuronal functions such as neurogenesis and neurite growth. However, the role of Ate1 in glial development, including oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination processes in the central nervous system, is poorly understood. The present study revealed a peak in Ate1 protein expression during myelination process in primary cultured OLs. Post‐transcriptional downregulation of Ate1 reduced the number of OL processes, and branching complexity, in vitro. We conditionally ablated Ate1 from OLs in mice using 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase‐Cre promoter (“Ate1‐KO” mice), to assess the role of Ate1 in OL function and axonal myelination in vivo. Immunostaining for OL differentiation markers revealed a notable reduction of mature OLs in corpus callosum of 14‐day‐old Ate1‐KO, but no changes in spinal cord, in comparison with wild‐type controls. Local proliferation of OL precursor cells was elevated in corpus callosum of 21‐day‐old Ate1‐KO, but was unchanged in spinal cord. Five‐month‐old Ate1‐KO displayed reductions of mature OL number and myelin thickness, with alterations of motor behaviors. Our findings, taken together, demonstrate that Ate1 helps maintain proper OL differentiation and myelination in corpus callosum in vivo, and that protein arginylation plays an essential role in developmental myelination.
Lipoprotein Z, a hepatotoxic lipoprotein, predicts outcome in alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Hu Kunpeng , Perez‐Matos Maria C. , Argemi Josepmaria , Vilar‐Gomez Eduardo , Shalaurova Irina , Bullitt Esther , Landeen Lee , Sugahara Go , Deng Huiyan , Mathur Karan , Tran Stephanie , Cai Huimei , He Hanchang , Yalcin Yusuf , Vieira Barbosa Joana , Ventura‐Cots Meritxell , Marx Katherine , Gad Aniket P. , Niezen Sebastian , Izunza Barba Sofia , Ang Lay‐Hong , Popov Yury V. , Fricker Zachary , Lai Michelle , Curry Michael , Afdhal Nezam , Szabo Gyongyi , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Sanyal Arun J. , Otvos James D. , Malik Raza , Saito Takeshi , Connelly Margery A. , Chalasani Naga P. , Bataller Ramon , Jiang Z. Gordon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Lipoprotein Z (LP‐Z) is an abnormal free cholesterol (FC)–enriched LDL‐like particle discovered from patients with cholestatic liver disease. This study aims to define the diagnostic value of LP‐Z in alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) and interrogate the biology behind its formation.

Approach and Results
We measured serum levels of LP‐Z using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a well‐established clinical assay. Serum levels of LP‐Z were significantly elevated in four AH cohorts compared with control groups, including heavy drinkers and patients with cirrhosis. We defined a Z‐index, calculated by the ratio of LP‐Z to total apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins, representing the degree of deviation from normal VLDL metabolism. A high Z‐index was associated with 90‐day mortality independent from the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and provided added prognosticative value. Both a Z‐index ≤ 0.6 and a decline of Z‐index by ≥0.1 in 2 weeks predicted 90‐day survival. RNA‐sequencing analyses of liver tissues demonstrated an inverse association in the expression of enzymes responsible for the extrahepatic conversion of VLDL to LDL and AH disease severity, which was further confirmed by the measurement of serum enzyme activity. To evaluate whether the FC in LP‐Z could contribute to the pathogenesis of AH, we found significantly altered FC levels in liver explant of patients with AH. Furthermore, FC in reconstituted LP‐Z particles caused direct toxicity to human hepatocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner, supporting a pathogenic role of FC in LP‐Z.

Conclusions
Impaired lipoprotein metabolism in AH leads to the accumulation of LP‐Z in the circulation, which is hepatotoxic from excessive FC. A Z‐index ≤ 0.6 predicts 90‐day survival independent from conventional biomarkers for disease prognostication.
Probability and amount of medicines expenditure according to health insurance status in Kenya: A household survey in eight counties
Authors: Wirtz Veronika J. , Servan‐Mori Edson , Mungai John , Mboya John , Rockers Peter C. , Onyango Monica A. , Kiragu Zana Wangari , Laing Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundNational and county governments in Kenya have introduced various health insurance schemes to protect households against financial hardship as a result of large health expenditure. This study examines the relationship between health insurance and medicine expenditure in eight counties in Kenya.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of collected primary data via household survey in eight counties was performed. Three measures of medicine expenditure were analysed: the probability of any out‐of‐pocket expenditure (OOPE) on medicines in the last 4 weeks; amount of OOPE on medicines; and OOPE on medicines as a proportion of total OOPE on health.ResultsOut of the 452 individuals, those with health insurance (n = 225) were significantly different from individuals without health insurance (n = 227): overall, they were older, had a higher level of educational attainment and possessed more assets. Adjusting for covariates, individuals with health insurance had a reduced probability of OOPE on medicines (0.40, CI95% 0.197–0.827) and spent proportionally less on medicines out of total health expenditure (0.50, CI95% 0.301–0.926).ConclusionsKenya has made great strides to scale up Universal Health Coverage including access to medicines. Prioritising enrollment of low‐income individuals with non‐communicable diseases can accelerate access to medicines and financial protection.
Optimizing brief, focused assessment of priority symptoms and concerns in recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Content validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/National Comprehensive Cancer Network Head and Neck Symptom Index‐10 (FHNSI‐10)
Authors: Shaunfield Sara , Yount Susan E , Boyken Lara , Agulnik Mark , Samant Sandeep , Cella David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) experience vast disease and treatment burdens. Brief, focused instruments are needed to assess patient‐reported priority symptoms and concerns as targeted outcome assessments for use in clinical research. Although the instrument was developed based on expert and patient input and is psychometrically valid, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)/National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Head and Neck Symptom Index‐10 (FHNSI‐10) has yet to undergo content validation from the perspective of R/M SCCHN patients to evaluate its use as a brief symptom‐focused targeted endpoint assessment for use in clinical research.MethodsInterviews conducted with R/M SCCHN patients explored priority symptoms and concerns, followed by cognitive debriefing of the FHNSI‐10 to evaluate face validity. Transcripts were analyzed, and results were mapped to the FHNSI‐10. In accordance with published recommendations, expert input from the original development and published literature was considered for content validity assessment.ResultsA total of 18 patients participated in a concept elicitation interview; saturation was obtained at interview 17. Most (83%) were undergoing active treatment, male (94%), white (72%), and did not have a college degree (67%). The most commonly mentioned symptoms were lumps/swelling, pain, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and voice changes. For all items, ≥75% reported each question was relevant to their R/M SCCHN experience and 94% reported the instrument captured their experiences with R/M SCCHN.ConclusionResults provide support for the content validity of the FHNSI‐10, inasmuch as all 10 items were spontaneously reported and considered relevant to R/M SCCHN. Content validity might be enhanced by adding cough and hearing impairment items; however, the existing FHNSI‐10 covers the majority of symptoms uncovered in interviews with a small sample of R/M SCCHN patients.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on MHD natural convective flow past an unbounded vertical porous channel with thermodiffusion
Authors: Narasimha Rao N. S. L. V. , Gangadhar Kotha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe consequences of Soret in addition to Dufour of natural convection heat and mass transfer for the unsteady three‐dimensional boundary layer flow through a perpendicular condition of the existence of viscous dissipation, invariable suction, Hall as well as ion slip consequences into relation. The prevailing partial differential equation is dissolved digitally utilizing the implicit Crank–Nicolson finite difference method. The velocity, temperature, as well as concentration dispensations, is addressed computationally and demonstrated by the graphs. Numerical values of the Nusselt number, skin friction as well as Sherwoods numbers nearby the plate are discussed for a choice of values of substantial parameters and are displayed in a tabular manner. It is noticed that the temperature of the fluid diminishes with higher Prandtl numbers. The resulting velocity diminishes with the growing Hartmann number. Rotation, Soret, and Dufour parameters strengthen the velocity and momentum boundary layer thickness. The velocity intensifies through growing Hall and ion‐slip parameters and the revoke trend is acquired with enhancement in suction parameter.