bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual influence of currents in plane inductor system with solenoid between two massive conductors
Authors: Batygin Yu.V. , Shinderuk S.O. , Chaplygin E.O. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Inductor systems, as tools for metal processing, widely used in industrial technologies using the energy of powerful pulsed electromagnetic fields. Problem. A common disadvantage of the known works on the creation of tools for magnetic-pulse impact on conductive objects has the use of physical and mathematical models, in which the exciting currents do not depend on the ongoing electromagnetic processes. Such the assumption, have distorts the picture of the real energy in the working area of the inductor system. Goal. To obtain design ratios and numerical estimates of the mutual influence of exciting and induced currents of a flat inductor system with a circular solenoid located between massive well-conducting objects, moreover to carry out a theoretical analysis of electromagnetic processes in this system. Methodology. Have applied integrating Maxwell’s equations using the Laplace and Fourier-Bessel integral transformations in the approximation of the ideal conductivity of the metal objects to be processed. Results. The calculated relations for the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic processes have obtained in the high-frequency approximation. It shown that the inductance of the studied system decreases as the objects being processed approach the solenoid and increases as they move away from it. It found that for the invariability of the power indicators, of the proposed tool, a corresponding correction of the amplitude (on average up to 20 times) of the exciting current has necessary in the solenoid winding. Originality. For the first time, the tool design with a circular solenoid located between the massive metal objects has proposed for flat magnetic-pulse stamping. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the influence of electromagnetic processes on the currents flowing in the system has confirmed. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will allow to increase the efficiency of the tool of magnetic-pulse technologies, and to reduce the energy costs for performing the specified production operations.
The Shadow Economy-Environmental Quality Nexus In OECD Countries: Empirical Evidence From Panel Quantile Regression
Authors: Chu Lan Khanh , Hoang Dung Phuong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study explores the determinants of ecological footprint by integrating the influence of the shadow economy. The findings based on the panel quantile regression indicate that the environmental effects of the shadow economy, trade openness, energy intensity, renewable energy, and income are not homogeneous across various levels of ecological footprint. The shadow economy-ecological footprint nexus follows an inverted U-shaped pattern. Initially, the higher size of the informal economy leads to more ecosystem degradation. When the shadow economy increases to certain thresholds, its environmental impact reverts to benefit. Such threshold changes with the evolution of ecological footprint. Specifically, it first rises then decreases along with the degradation of the ecosystem. Moreover, the heterogeneous panel causality test reports the one-way directional running from the shadow economy to the ecological footprint in OECD countries. The significant and heterogeneous relationships between ecological footprint and its determining factors are also established.
Large, near-term increases in climate-induced tree growth may help offset impacts of increasing disturbance across Canadian boreal forest
Authors: Wang Jiejie , Taylor Anthony , D'Orangeville Loïc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Large projected increases in forest disturbance pose a major threat to future wood fibre supply and carbon sequestration in the cold-limited, Canadian boreal forest ecosystem 1–4. Given the large sensitivity of tree growth to temperature, warming-induced increases in forest productivity have the potential to reduce these threats, but research efforts to date have yielded contradictory results attributed to limited data availability, methodological biases, and regional variability in forest dynamics 5–8. Here we apply a novel machine-learning algorithm to an unprecedented network of over 1 million tree growth records from 18,715 permanent sample plots distributed across both Canada and the US, spanning a 16.5°C climatic gradient, and project the near-term (2050s time period) growth of the six most abundant tree species in the Canadian boreal forest. Our results reveal a large, positive effect of increasing thermal energy on tree growth for most of the target species, leading to 40-52% projected gains in growth with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains, which peak in the colder and wetter regions of the boreal forest, suggests warming-induced growth increases should no longer be considered marginal, but may in fact significantly offset some of the negative impacts of projected increases in drought and wildfire on wood supply and carbon sequestration and have major implications on ecological forecasts and the global economy.
Stage-Dependent Niche Segregation: Insights From a Multi-Dimensional Approach of Two Sympatric Sibling Seabirds
Authors: Fromant Aymeric , Arnould John P.Y. , Delord Karine , Sutton Grace J , Carravieri Alice , Bustamante Paco , Miskelly Colin M. , Kato Akiko , Brault-Favrou Maud , Cherel Yves , Bost Charles-André 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Niche theory predicts that to reduce competition for the same resource, sympatric ecologically similar species should exploit divergent niches and segregate in one or more dimensions. Seasonal variations in environmental conditions and energy requirements can influence the mechanisms and the degree of niche segregation. However, studies have overlooked the multi-dimensional aspect of niche segregation over the whole annual cycle, and key facets of species co-existence still remain ambiguous. The present study provides insights into the niche use and partitioning of two morphologically and ecologically similar seabirds, the common (CDP, Pelecanoides urinatrix) and the South Georgian diving petrels (SGDP, P. georgicus). Using phenology, at-sea distribution, diving behavior and isotopic data (during the incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding periods), we show that the degree of partitioning was highly stage-dependent. During the breeding season, the greater niche segregation during chick-rearing than incubation supported the hypothesis that resource partitioning increases during energetically demanding periods. During the post breeding period, while the observed species-specific latitudinal differences were expected, CDP and SGDP also migrated in very divergent directions. This may indicate the implication of processes other than inter-species niche competition. Our results demonstrate the importance of integrative approaches combining concepts and techniques from different fields to better understand the co-existence of ecologically similar species. The stage-dependent and context-dependent niche segregation highlights the need for whole-year and multiple-site studies of niche partitioning of sympatric species. This is particularly relevant in order to fully understand the short and long-term effects of ongoing environmental changes on species distributions and communities.
Rescue of an Enterotropic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain ZM10 From Cloned cDNA and Stable Expressing an Inserted Foreign Gene
Authors: He Lei , Wang Hairong , Yu Zuhua , Liao Chengshui , Ding Ke , Zhang Cai , Yu Chuan , Zhang Chunjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZM10, a typical enterotropic avirulent vaccine strain, has been widely used in in China for chickens against Newcastle disease. To elucidate its enterotropic mechanism and develop recombiant multivalent vaccines based on it, the reverse genetics system for NDV ZM10 is an indispensable platform.Results: A full-length cDNA clone of NDV ZM10 and three supporting plasmids were constructed using the ligation-independent cloning (LIC) method. Recombinant NDV rZM10 was successfully rescued after these plasmids were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Besides, the recombinant virus rZM10-RFP encoding the red fluorescent protein was generated by inserting the RFP gene into the full-length clone of NDV between the P and M genes. These rescued viruses were genetically and biologically identical to the parental strain and showed similar growth kinetics. Conclusion: The recovery system of NDV ZM10 strain was established, and can be used as a foundation for research on the enterotropic mechanism and development of multivalent vaccines against viral diseases of livestock and poultry.
Different formulations of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in human compatible adjuvants: Potency studies in mice showed different platforms of immune responses
Authors: Haghighi Melika , khorasani Akbar , Karimi Pegah , Keshavarz Rouhollah , Mahdavi Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Several inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were approved for human use but are not highly potent. Here, different formulations of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus in Alum, Montanide 51VG and Montanide ISA720VG adjuvants were developed and then immune responses were assessed. SARS-CoV-2 virus was inactivated with formalin and formulated in the adjuvants. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with 4µg of experimental vaccines on days 0 and 14 and two weeks after the final immunization, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, CTL activity and specific IgG titer and IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and also anti-RBD IgG response were assessed. Immunization with SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG showed a significant increase in IFN-γ cytokine versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG and control groups (P<0.0033). Cytokine IL-4 response in SARS-CoV-2-Alum group showed a significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG and control groups (P<0.0206). In addition, SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA51VG vaccine induced the highest IFN-γ/IL-4 cytokine ratio versus other groups (P<0.0004). CTL activity in SARS-CoV-2- Montanide ISA51 VG and SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720 VG groups showed a significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum and control groups (P<0.0075). Specific IgG titer in SARS-CoV-2- Montanide ISA51 VG and SARS-CoV-2-Montanide ISA720VG showed significant increase versus SARS-CoV-2-Alum and control groups (P<0.0143). Results of specific IgG1and IgG2a level in SARS-COV-2-Alum, SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA720VG vaccine showed a significant increase versus the control group (P<0.0001) but SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA 720VG groups showed highest IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and a significant increase versus SARS-COV-2-Alum group (P<0.0379). Results of anti-RBD IgG response showed that inactivated SARS-COV-2+Alum and SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA 720VG vaccine groups demonstrated a significant increase versus SARS-COV-2-Montanide ISA51VG group. It seems that the type of vaccine formulation is a critical parameter that effect on immunologic patterns and vaccine potency. Here, results showed that human compatible oil-based adjuvants were more potent than Alum adjuvant in the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses versus SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Effects of Air Holes in the Cladding of Photonic Crystal Fibers on Dispersion and Confinement Loss of Orbital Angular Momentum Modes
Authors: Fu Haihao , Shi Ying , Yi Zao , Liu Chao , Song Xinping , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Chu Paul K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the development of orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode division multiplexing (MDM), the capacity of optical fiber communication must be improved. However, owing to dispersion and confinement loss, many OAM modes do not propagate stably over a long distance in optical fibers. In this work, the effects of the size, number, shape, number of layers, and layer spacing of air holes in the cladding of the fiber on the dispersion and confinement loss are analyzed based on a simple structure. The trends are studied and summarized to facilitate the design of optical fibers to achieve stable transmission of OAM modes over a long distance.
A Condition of Uncertainty: A Qualitative Study Exploring Women´s Experiences of Preeclampsia
Authors: Hansson Therése , Andersson Maria E. , Ahlström Gerd , Hansson Stefan R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Preeclampsia is a severe condition that annually affects about 3-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is thereby one of the most common pregnancy complications for both mother and child. Despite that, there is limited research exploring the women´s perspective of experiencing preeclampsia.
Aim

The aim of this study was to describe women´s experiences of preeclampsia to improve the support and care given during and after pregnancy.
Methods

A qualitative descriptive interview study was undertaken. Nine women, who were diagnosed with preeclampsia, were recruited from a maternity unit in southern Sweden. The descriptive phenomenological method according to Amadeo Giorgi was used to analyse the data.
Results

The essence of women’s experiences of PE were expressed as A condition of uncertainty, meaning that it was an unexpected and unknown situation. The five constituents forming the essence were incomprehensible diagnosis message, ambivalent feelings when the unexpected happens, confusing contradictory messages, appreciated support from the midwife, and need for continuous information. The nature of preeclampsia can sometimes deteriorate rapidly both for the mother and/or the child, often resulting in conversion from a planned vaginal spontaneous delivery to an emergency Caesarean section. The women narrated diffuse symptoms, and they experienced that they got contradictory information from different health care professionals regarding the severity of their disease. Detailed and continuous information is requested throughout the course of the disease, and the postpartum period.
Conclusion

Health care professionals must be aware that women and their partners need detailed, consistent and repeated information about severity and prognosis to diminish the condition of uncertainty, confusion and fearful experience. The clinical implication would be a standardized preeclampsia education for pregnant women early on in the pregnancy, to raise awareness of preeclamptic symptoms. Furthermore, there is a need for harmonized guidelines both at the antenatal care and the maternity ward and inpatient care at the hospital.
Selection of New Diagnostic Markers for Dirofilaria Repens Infections With the Use of Phage Display Technology
Authors: Pękacz Mateusz , Basałaj Katarzyna , Kalinowska Alicja , Klockiewicz Maciej , Stopka Diana , Bąska Piotr , Długosz Ewa , Karabowicz Justyna , Młocicki Daniel , Wiśniewski Marcin , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is a parasitic nematode causing vector-borne disease (dirofilariasis), considered an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Although main hosts are carnivores, particularly dogs, D. repens shows high zoonotic potential. The disease spreads uncontrollably, affecting new areas. Since there is no vaccine against dirofilariasis, the only way to limit disease transmission is an early diagnosis. Currently, diagnosis depends on the detection of microfilariae in the host bloodstream using modified Knott's test or multiplex PCR. However, the efficacy of tests relying on microfilariae detection is limited by microfilariae periodic occurrence. Therefore, a new reliable diagnostic test is required. Our study aimed to select new diagnostic markers for dirofilariasis with potential application in diagnostics. We focused on single epitopes to ensure high specificity of diagnosis and avoid cross-reactivity with the other parasite infections common in dogs. Using phage display technology and 12-mer peptides library, we selected epitopes highly reactive with IgG from sera of infected dogs. Additionally, our study presents the possibility of detecting D. repens specific cell-free DNA in dogs with no microfilaria but high IgG and IgM antibody levels against parasite somatic antigen.
Profiling of associated proteins reveals dual functions of the phosphatase ABI1 in abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wang Yi , Lin Zhen , Li Rongxia , Jia Bei , Wang Yubei , Qin Guochen , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Song Chun-Peng , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Clade A PP2C phosphatases are central components of the ABA-receptor coupled core signaling pathway, and are involved in multiple stress responses and developmental processes. However, the direct targets or partner proteins of A clade PP2Cs that participate in these biological processes are largely unknown. Here, we used a TurboID-based proximity labeling method to identify putative associated proteins of one A clade PP2C phosphatase, ABI1. By combining the results from affinity purification or proximity labeling of biotinylated proteins, we identified more than four hundred putative ABI1-associated proteins, including dozens of known ABI1-intreacting proteins, as well as proteins involved in TOR signaling, phospho-regulation, and other biological processes. We found that RAFs, a group of protein kinases that phosphorylate and activate SnRK2s in ABA and osmotic stress signaling, are direct substrates of ABI1. A conserved serine residue located in the P-loop of the kinase domain, corresponding to Ser619 in RAF3, is a major functional ABI1 target site. ABI1-mediated dephosphorylation on this site strongly promotes the kinase activity of most B2 and B3 RAFs. Thus, ABI1 has dual functions in ABA signaling by dephosphorylating and inhibiting SnRK2 to prevent SnRK2 activation in unstressed conditions, while dephosphorylating B2 and B3 subgroup RAFs to maintain their basal kinase activity. PP2C-mediated dephosphorylation at the conserved serine residue may be a mechanism for RAF activation in both plants and animals, with potential implications for tumorigenesis in humans.
Getting It Wrong Most of The Time: Comparing Trialists’ Choice of Primary Outcome With What Patients And Health Professionals Want
Authors: Treweek Shaun , Miyakoda Viviane , Burke Dylan , Shiely Frances 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Randomised trials support improved decision-making through the data they collect. One important piece of data is the primary outcome – so called because it is what the investigators decide is the most important. Secondary outcomes provide additional information to support decision-making. We were interested in knowing how important patients and healthcare professionals consider the outcomes (especially the primary outcome) measured in a selection of published trials. Methods: The work had three stages: 1. We identified a body of late-stage trials in two clinical areas, breast cancer management and nephrology. 2. We identified the primary and secondary outcomes for these trials. 3. We randomly ordered these outcomes and presented them to patients and healthcare professionals (with experience of the clinical area), and we asked them to rank the importance of the outcomes. They were not told which outcomes trial authors considered primary and secondary. Results: In our sample of 44 trials with 46 primary outcomes, 29 patients, one patient representative and 12 healthcare professionals together ranked the primary outcome as the most important outcome 13/46 times, or 30%. Breast cancer patients and health care professionals considered the primary outcome to be the most important outcome for 8/21 primary outcomes chosen by trialists. For nephrology, the equivalent figure was 5/25. The primary outcome appeared in a respondent’s top 5 ranked outcomes 151/178 (85%) times for breast cancer and 225/259 (87%) times for nephrology even if the primary wasn’t considered the most important outcome. Conclusions: The primary outcome in a trial is the most important piece of data collected. It is used to determine how many participants are required, and it is the main piece of information used to judge whether the intervention is effective or not. Our study found that in the view of patients and healthcare professionals, teams doing trials in breast cancer management and nephrology got their choice of primary outcome wrong 70% of the time.
Characterization of Archaeal and Bacterial Communities Thriving in Methane-seeping on-land Mud Volcanoes, Niigata, Japan.
Authors: Miyake Nori , Ishimaru Ryo , Komatsu Goro , Matsui Takafumi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Submarine mud volcanoes (MVs) have attracted significant interest in the scientific community for obtaining clues on the subsurface biosphere. On-land MVs, which are much less focused in this context, are equally important and they may provide insights also for astrobiology of extraterrestrial mud volcanism. Hereby, we characterized microbial communities of the two active methane-seeping on-land MVs, Murono and Kamou, in central Japan. Metataxonomic 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of those sites recovered the dominant archaeal taxa affiliated with methanogens. Anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), with the subgroups ANME-1b and ANME-3, were also recovered from the Murono site albeit a greatly reduced abundance compared to typical submarine MVs. ANME-3 was in fact identified for the first time for land-based MVs. The bacterial sequences affiliated to Atribacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were recovered. SRB and ANME form a syntrophic consortium, which is often found at the sulfate-methane transition zone of submarine MVs where diffused sulfate (SO42-) is constantly enriched from the ocean. Previous investigations speculate that the erupted materials from Murono are originated from the Miocene marine strata, and we hypothesize that the old sea-related juvenile water is the source of additional sulfur-related components for the SRB-ANME consortium at Murono.
Importance of Kernel Bandwidth in Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Shaydulin Ruslan , Wild Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quantum kernel methods are considered a promising avenue for applying quantum computers to machine learning problems. However, recent results overlook the central role hyperparameters play in determining the performance of machine learning methods. In this work we identify the hyperparameter controlling the bandwidth of a quantum kernel and show that it controls the expressivity of the resulting model. We use extensive numerical experiments with multiple quantum kernels and classical datasets to show consistent change in the model behavior from underfitting (bandwidth too large) to overfitting (bandwidth too small), with optimal generalization in between. We draw a connection between the bandwidth of classical and quantum kernels and show analogous behavior in both cases. Furthermore, we show that optimizing the bandwidth can help mitigate the exponential decay of kernel values with qubit count, which is the cause behind recent observations that the performance of quantum kernel methods decreases with qubit count. We reproduce these negative results and show that if the kernel bandwidth is optimized, the performance instead improves with growing qubit count and becomes competitive with the best classical methods.