bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Screening Modality on the Detection of Cervical Adenocarcinoma In Situ and Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ran C. , Vue Nujsaubnusi C. , Obasi Lisa U. , Vogel Rachel I. , Subramanian Amar T. , Khalifa Mahmoud A. , Reddy Buvana R. , Erickson Britt K. 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of screening modality on the detection of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of patients with AIS or adenocarcinoma who had undergone routine screening with cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) cotesting between January 2007 and December 2017. Patients were stratified into 3 groups by screening test results: (1) HPV positive with abnormal cytology (HPV+/Pap+), (2) HPV negative with abnormal cytology (HPV−/Pap+), and (3) HPV positive with normal cytology (HPV+/Pap−). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Data were analyzed with χ2, Fisher exact tests, and t tests as appropriate.

Results
Of the 118 patients diagnosed with AIS (n = 97) or adenocarcinoma (n = 21) after abnormal screening tests, 92 (78%) were detected by HPV+/Pap+, 15 (12.7%) were HPV+/Pap−, and 11 (9.3%) were HPV−/Pap+. Demographics were similar between groups, although the HPV+/Pap− patients had higher body mass indices. Rates of definitive hysterectomy were similar between groups (53.3%–80.0%, p = .11).

Conclusions
In our cohort, a significant proportion of AIS and adenocarcinoma was detected by both HPV alone (with normal cytology) and cytology alone (with negative HPV), suggesting that cotesting with both HPV and cytology may be a more sensitive method of detection of AIS and adenocarcinoma.
Regulation and importance of factor VIII levels in hemophilia A carriers
Authors: Cygan Peter H. , Kouides Peter A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
To summarize the recent literature related to female hemophilia A carriers with respect to prevalence in the population, the impact of baseline factor VIII levels and other influences on bleeding phenotype, and clinical management needs.

Recent findings
Many female hemophilia A carriers are at risk for abnormal bleeding, yet they are underrecognized by healthcare providers and their bleeding symptoms are underreported. Low FVIII levels are consistently associated with clinically significant bleeding and correlate well with skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Most interestingly, bleeding tendency is also observed in some hemophilia A carriers with normal factor VIII levels and requires further investigation. Well controlled studies investigating peripartum and periprocedural FVIII levels and adequate hemostatic treatment are necessary to inform management guidelines.

Summary
Prevalence and bleeding tendency of hemophilia A carriers remain underreported, despite a significant proportion having low FVIII levels. Skewed XCI may explain low FVIII but does not explain the bleeding risk encountered in a larger proportion of hemophilia A carriers with random XCI and borderline/normal FVIII.
Modeling genetic platelet disorders with human pluripotent stem cells: mega-progress but wanting more on our plate(let)
Authors: Nations Catriana C. , Pavani Giulia , French Deborah L. , Gadue Paul 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Megakaryocytes are rare hematopoietic cells that play an instrumental role in hemostasis, and other important biological processes such as immunity and wound healing. With the advent of cell reprogramming technologies and advances in differentiation protocols, it is now possible to obtain megakaryocytes from any pluripotent stem cell (PSC) via hematopoietic induction. Here, we review recent advances in PSC-derived megakaryocyte (iMK) technology, focusing on platform validation, disease modeling and current limitations.

Recent findings
A comprehensive study confirmed that iMK can recapitulate many transcriptional and functional aspects of megakaryocyte and platelet biology, including variables associated with complex genetic traits such as sex and race. These findings were corroborated by several pathological models in which iMKs revealed molecular mechanisms behind inherited platelet disorders and assessed the efficacy of novel pharmacological interventions. However, current differentiation protocols generate primarily embryonic iMK, limiting the clinical and translational potential of this system.

Summary
iMK are strong candidates to model pathologic mutations involved in platelet defects and develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Future efforts on generating definitive hematopoietic progenitors would improve current platelet generation protocols and expand our capacity to model neonatal and adult megakaryocyte disorders.
Urinary diversions for benign and oncologic indications: what did we learn about short term complications in the last 24 months?
Authors: Liedberg Fredrik , Bobjer Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Urinary diversion (UD) with or without cystectomy is a procedure with high short term complication rates. In this review, we summarize the most relevant findings of the last 2 years.

Recent findings
The use of a prophylactic mesh decreases the risk of parastomal hernia after ileal conduit (IC) surgery without adding mesh-related complications according to a recent randomized multicentre trial. Robot-assisted surgery is increasingly applied for UD and is evolving from extra- to intra-corporeal reconstruction in both continent and incontinent diversions, but there is still a need for appropriately designed studies assessing both short- and long-term complications. Promising techniques to decrease ureterointestinal stricture rates have been reported from small series, such as retrosigmoid placement of the proximal IC to avoid transpositioning of the left ureter, or in robot-assisted surgery the use of indocyanine green with near-infrared light to improve visualisation of distal ureteral viability.

Summary
Most recent reports derive from observational data. Appropriate randomized studies are warranted for the evaluation of new techniques to be implemented in a surgical area that still is associated with high complication rates.
Evaluation of the Online Partner Messaging Service for Sexually Transmitted Infections Let Them Know
Authors: Htaik Kay , Fairley Christopher K. , Bilardi Jade E. , Chow Eric P.F. , Ong Jason J. , Chen Marcus Y. 
Published: July 2021

Background
There are limited data on the extent of use of online services that support partner notification for sexually transmitted infections. The online partner notification service Let Them Know was implemented in 2008 to support partner messaging for chlamydia in Australia. In 2010, the service was expanded to include gonorrhea, syphilis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis. We aimed to determine usage of Let Them Know between 2011 and 2019.

Methods
The number of text messages sent via Let Them Know for each infection between 2011 and 2019 was extracted by using Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio. Users who sent a text message were asked “Were you more likely to let a partner know because of this website?”

Results
The number of text messages sent for each infection increased over the evaluation period with a total of 148,256 text messages sent from the service. Sixty-nine percent (103,026) of users indicated that they were more likely to let a partner know because of the website. The number of text messages increased between 2011 and 2019 from 4,666 to 17,889 (283%) for chlamydia, from 2101 to 6328 (201%) for gonorrhea, from 1895 to 4908 (159%) for syphilis, from 703 to 1953 (178%) for M. genitalium, and from 173 to 629 (264%) for trichomonas.

Conclusions
This fully automated partner messaging service showed high and increasing use with data suggesting it helped most users contact partners.
Attitudes and Preferences Regarding Non–Clinic-Based Self-Collection for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Clinic Attendees in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Gottschlich Anna , Smith Laurie W. , Caird Hannah , Gilbert Mark , Grennan Troy , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: July 2021

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global epidemic; although screening programs reduce transmission, barriers, including access and stigma, hinder success. The World Health Organization highlights the ability to maintain health without the direct support of a health care provider as one form of self-care, which can be applied to STI testing. Self-care through non–clinic-based self-collection for STI testing can address barriers while providing comprehensive care. Before implementation of innovative changes to screening approaches, it is important to understand if communities who rely on in-person care will self-collect outside of the clinic setting. This study investigated willingness to use non–clinic-based self-collection for STI testing among STI clinic attendees in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods
Participants (n = 446) were recruited from STI clinics offering clinic-based self-collection for STI testing and completed a survey assessing self-care attitudes, including willingness to self-collect urine samples, throat swabs, and anogenital swabs outside of the clinic setting. Descriptive statistics, bivariable analyses, and multivariable models were conducted to investigate willingness to use non–clinic-based STI self-collection methods and associated correlates.

Results
This population reported high willingness to use non–clinic-based self-collection methods for STI testing (urine samples, 73%; throat swabs, 67%; anogenital swabs, 65%). Those aged 35 to 54 years compared with 15 to 34 years were more likely to be willing (adjusted odds ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.50); those identifying as straight/mostly straight compared with gay/lesbian were less likely to be willing (adjusted odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.65).

Conclusions
Non–clinic-based self-collection for STI testing can address barriers to testing while maintaining quality care. Those currently receiving in-person care find these methods highly acceptable. These findings reinforce that self-collection for STI testing used in British Columbia clinics is acceptable to clients and may be extended to collection performed outside of the clinical setting.
Physicochemical stability of lurbinectedin reconstituted at 500 μg/mL and diluted at 15, 30, and 70 μg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride and 5% dextrose
Authors: Loeuille Guillaume , Vigneron Jean , D’Huart Elise , Demoré Béatrice 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Lurbinectedin (ZEPZELCA) is a cytotoxic, with alkylating properties. The commercially available pharmaceutical form is a glass vial containing 4 mg of lyophilized powder of lurbinectedin. The recommended dose of lurbinectedin is 3.2 mg/m2. For a 1.7-m2 body surface area, the average dosage is 5.44 mg. The manufacturer indicates a 30-hour stability for the reconstituted solution which cannot give the possibility to re-use the vial for the following days resulting in an average loss of 3600 € per preparation.

Objectives:
The first objective was to study the stability of 500 μg/mL reconstituted lurbinectedin in water for injection after storage at 2 to 8°C. The second objective was to study the stability of 15 to 70 μg/mL diluted lurbinectedin in 0.9% NaCl or dextrose 5% in water stored at 2 to 8°C.

Methods:
Three solutions in glass tubes for each condition (reconstituted 15 and 70 μg/mL solutions) were prepared. Due to the high cost, only 1 infusion bag at 30 μg/mL in polyolefin container was prepared. At each time of the analysis, 3 samples for each vial were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. Physical stability was evaluated by visual and subvisual inspection (spectrophotometry).

Results:
The analytical method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines Q2 (R1). The 500 μg/mL lurbinectedin reconstituted solution retained more than 95% of the initial concentration after 14 days as the 15 to 70 μg/mL diluted solutions. No interaction between the polyolefin infusion bag and lurbinectedin was observed. No physical changes were observed both visually and subvisually.

Conclusion:
The reconstituted solution and the diluted lurbinectedin solutions were physically and chemically stable for 14 days when stored at 2 to 8°C protected from light. This new data makes it possible to re-use the reconstituted vial and to store a preparation in case of cancellation of an administration.
Olfactory Changes After Military Deployment Are Associated With Emotional Distress but Not With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury History
Authors: Rothman David J. , McDonald Scott D. , Walker William C. , Feldman George 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to identify the impact of mild traumatic brain injury history and current emotional status on olfactory functioning.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study of 49 predominantly male, military veterans, reservists, and active duty service members with Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn deployments and varying mild traumatic brain injury histories.

Results
Those with a positive history of mild traumatic brain injury (n = 32) endorsed significantly higher rates of self-reported olfactory disturbance. However, there were no differences between the mild traumatic brain injury and no mild traumatic brain injury groups for rates of objective odor identification dysfunction (none vs. microsmia or more severe) or overall accuracy of odor identification. In keeping with this, self-reported olfactory disturbance also failed to associate with odor identification dysfunction. In both groups, those self-reporting olfactory disturbance reported significantly greater emotional distress, severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms, and attentional impulsivity. However, self-reported olfactory disturbance was not associated with other behavioral factors frequently attributed to TBI, such as aggression, motor impulsiveness, poor planning, and cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions
These findings indicate mild traumatic brain injury is not a risk factor for postacute microsomia among Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn military veterans. Higher observed rates of self-reported olfactory disturbance in patients with mild traumatic brain injury may be a function of emotional distress rather than organic brain injury.
Hydrodissection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Neo Edmund Jin Rui , Shan Ni Thu , Tay San San 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydrodissection is an ultrasound-guided technique that has received more attention recently for its role in nerve entrapment syndromes. The purposes of this systematic review were to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of hydrodissection in carpal tunnel syndrome and to investigate the ideal parameters for injectate type, dosage, volume, and frequency; injection approach and technique; as well as operator experience and training required. We searched the Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases with supplemental searches in the CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant randomized controlled trials. Primary outcome measures were adverse outcomes and clinical effectiveness. Six randomized controlled trials involving 356 wrists were included. All studies used ultrasound guidance in their interventions. No safety-related adverse outcomes were found, although not all studies declared this. Only one study was placebo controlled and revealed symptomatic as well as functional improvements at 6 mos, whereas the rest investigated hydrodissection with different injectate types. We concluded that nerve hydrodissection for carpal tunnel syndrome can be safely performed under ultrasound guidance. However, it is unclear whether the hydrodissection mechanism truly causes improvements in clinical outcomes. We were also unable to draw conclusions regarding the ideal procedure-related parameters. We recommend that future work should not only investigate safety and clinical effectiveness but also attempt to clarify the ideal procedure-related parameters.
Inferring population HIV incidence trends from surveillance data of recent HIV infection among HIV testing clients
Authors: Godin Arnaud , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Giguère Katia , Marsh Kimberly , Johnson Leigh F. , Jahn Andreas , Mbofana Francisco , Ehui Eboi , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Measuring recent HIV infections from routine surveillance systems could allow timely and granular monitoring of HIV incidence patterns. We evaluated the relationship of two recent infection indicators with alternative denominators to true incidence patterns.

Methods:
We used a mathematical model of HIV testing behaviours, calibrated to population-based surveys and HIV testing services programme data, to estimate the number of recent infections diagnosed annually from 2010 to 2019 in Côte d’Ivoire, Malawi, and Mozambique. We compared two different denominators to interpret recency data: those at risk of HIV acquisition (HIV-negative tests and recent infections) and all people testing HIV positive. Sex and age-specific longitudinal trends in both interpretations were then compared with modelled trends in HIV incidence, testing efforts and HIV positivity among HIV testing services clients.

Results:
Over 2010–2019, the annual proportion of the eligible population tested increased in all countries, while positivity decreased. The proportion of recent infections among those at risk of HIV acquisition decreased, similar to declines in HIV incidence among adults (≥15 years old). Conversely, the proportion of recent infections among HIV-positive tests increased. The female-to-male ratio of the proportion testing recent among those at risk was closer to 1 than the true incidence sex ratio.

Conclusion:
The proportion of recent infections among those at risk of HIV acquisition is more indicative of HIV incidence than the proportion among HIV-positive tests. However, interpreting the observed patterns as surrogate measures for incidence patterns may still be confounded by different HIV testing rates between population groups or over time.
Duration of antibiotic therapy in central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacilli
Authors: Ruiz-Ruigómez María , Aguado Jose María 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review recent data evaluating the duration of antibiotic therapy in central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB).

Recent findings
CRBSI is the most common complication associated with the use of intravascular catheters. CRBSI directly contributes to increase additional days of hospitalization, morbidity and therefore economic costs.
The incidence of GNB CRBSI has been increasing considerably in the last years; this has raised a concern due to the high reported rate of multi drug resistant bacteria in these infections what poses a considerable challenge for effective treatment. However, there are no specific guidelines for management of GNB-CRBSI and optimal treatment duration has not been clearly defined.
Recent studies evaluating the impact of the duration of antibiotic therapy of GNB-CRBSI have shown that short-course antibiotic therapy might be as effective as long-course therapy once the central venous catheter (CVC) has been removed.

Summary
CRBSI due to GNB has shown a rapid increase in the last years. Current guidelines recommend antibiotic treatment for at least 7–14 days, although no randomized clinical trials have evaluated the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for GNB-CRBSI. Recent data suggest that administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy for 7 days or less may be as well tolerated and effective as longer courses in episodes of GNB-CRBSI, once the CVC has been removed.
Apert Syndrome Outcomes: Comparison of Posterior Vault Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Fronto Orbital Advancement
Authors: Raposo-Amaral Cassio Eduardo , Oliveira Yuri Moresco , Raposo-Amaral Cesar Augusto , Ghizoni Enrico 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Presenting a wide clinical spectrum and large variety of clinical features, successful treatment of Apert syndrome necessitates performance of sequential multiple surgeries before a patient's facial skeleton growth is complete.
The objective of this study is to compare forehead contour asymmetry and clinical outcomes between Apert patients who underwent either fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) or posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO).

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients with Apert syndrome who underwent either FOA or PVDO between 2007 and 2019, and participated in at least 6 months of follow-up care. Forehead contour asymmetry and surgical outcomes for each of the included patients were verified through medical records, clinical photographs, and interviews with the parents of the patients. The need for additional craniofacial procedures based on the surgical outcomes of each patient was graded from I to IV utilizing the Whitaker outcome classification system.

Results:
Forehead contour asymmetry for all included patients was rated under the Whitaker grading scale as type II (n = 4) 44.4%, type III (n = 2) 22.2%, and type IV (n = 3) 33.3% for FOA, and type I (n = 5) 35.7%, type II (n = 7) 50%, and type III (n = 2) 14.3%, for PVDO (P < 0.05). The average transfused blood volume was 47.77 ± 9.42 mL/kg for patients who underwent FOA, and 22.75 ± 10.31 mL/kg for patients who underwent PVDO (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent PVDO had lower forehead contour asymmetry as per the Whitaker outcome grading scale than patients who underwent FOA.
Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone, and the Combination Thereof Significantly Inhibited Two of Nine Inflammatory Markers Induced by Escherichia Coli But Not by Staphylococcus Aureus – When Incubated in Human Whole Blood
Authors: Medeiros Pedro Miguel Coelho , Schjalm Camilla , Christiansen Dorte , Sokolova Marina , Pischke Soeren Erik , Würzner Reinhard , Mollnes Tom Eirik , Barratt-Due Andreas 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Vitamin C combined with hydrocortisone is increasingly being used to treat septic patients, even though this treatment regimen is based on questionable evidence. When used, a marked effect on key players of innate immunity would be expected, as sepsis is featured by a dysregulated immune response.
Here, we explored the effect of vitamin C and hydrocortisone alone and combined, in an ex vivo human whole-blood model of Escherichia coli- or Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation. Inflammatory markers for activation of complement (terminal C5b-9 complement complex [TCC]), granulocytes (myeloperoxidase), platelets (β-thromboglobulin), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF], IL-1β, IL6, and IL-8), and leukocytes (CD11b and oxidative burst) were quantified, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, multiplex technology, and flow cytometry.
In E. coli- and S. aureus-stimulated whole blood, a broad dose-titration of vitamin C and hydrocortisone alone did not lead to dose–response effects for the central innate immune mediators TCC and IL-6. Hence, the clinically relevant doses were used further. Compared to the untreated control sample, two of the nine biomarkers induced by E. coli were reduced by hydrocortisone and/or vitamin C. TNF was reduced by hydrocortisone alone (19%, P = 0.01) and by the combination (31%, P = 0.01). The oxidative burst of monocytes and granulocytes was reduced for both drugs alone and their combination, (ranging 8–19%, P < 0.05). Using S. aureus, neither of the drugs, alone nor in combination, had any effects on the nine biomarkers.
In conclusion, despite the limitation of the ex vivo model, the effect of vitamin C and hydrocortisone on bacteria-induced inflammatory response in human whole blood is limited and following the clinical data.