bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review for Pharmacists
Authors: Patel Dhiren , Busch Robert 
Published: June 2021

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While use of statin therapy has improved management of lipids, an unmet need in reducing residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and ischemic events persists. We provide an overview of the pharmacology of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, landmark clinical data and pharmacology of icosapent ethyl (a stable and highly purified ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid), and the critical differences between fish oil supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids. Method: A PubMed literature review was conducted in April 2020 to identify articles discussing omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, pharmacology of icosapent ethyl, and the evaluation of fish oil dietary supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids. Results: Both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been widely associated with positive health benefits; however, data are inconsistent regarding the benefit of combination eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid, and specifically icosapent ethyl, has demonstrated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction among statin-treated patients. Important clinical differences exist between dietary supplement and prescription omega-3 fatty acid products. Conclusions: As research regarding the optimal management of dyslipidemia continues, additional therapy beyond statins is necessary to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In large cardiovascular outcomes trials, eicosapentaenoic acid has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit. Icosapent ethyl possesses a favorable efficacy and safety profile and should be considered as an adjunct to statin therapy to reduce ischemic event risk.
Effects of a Novel Oral Testosterone Undecanoate on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hypogonadal Men
Authors: White William B. , Dobs Adrian , Carson Culley , DelConte Anthony , Khera Mohit , Miner Martin , Shahid Muhammad , Kim Kilyoung , Chidambaram Nachiappan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Testosterone replacement therapies may increase blood pressure (BP) with chronic use but the mechanism is not clear. TLANDO™ is a new oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) under development for the treatment of male hypogonadism. Methods: We studied the effects of the TU at 225 mg twice daily on ambulatory BP (ABP) and heart rate, in 138 men with hypogonadism (mean age, 54 years, 79% white, 48% with hypertension). Ambulatory BP and heart rate and hematologic assessments were obtained at baseline and following 4-months of therapy. Results: Changes from baseline in ambulatory 24-hour, awake, and sleep systolic BP (SBP) of 3.8 ( P < 0.001), 5.2 ( P < 0.001), and 4.3 mmHg ( P = 0.004) were observed post-treatment, respectively. Lesser changes in the diastolic BP (DBP) were observed (1.2 ( P = 0.009), 1.7 ( P = 0.004), and 1.7 mmHg ( P = 0.011) for 24-hour, awake, and sleep, respectively). Hematocrit and hemoglobin were increased by 3.2% and 0.9 g/dL ( P < 0.001), respectively. In those men in the top quartile of changes in hematocrit (range of 6% to 14%), the largest increases in ambulatory SBP (mean, 8.3 mmHg) were observed, whereas the changes in ambulatory SBP in the lower 3 quartiles were smaller (mean, 1.9, 3.3, and 2.1 mmHg in 1st, 2nd and 3 rd quartiles, respectively). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that small increases in ABP occurred following 4 months of the oral TU. For those men whose hematocrit rose by >6%, BP increases were of greater clinical relevance. Hence, hematocrit may aid in predicting the development of BP increases on testosterone therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 03868059.
Gastric diverticula in six cats: a case series (2011–2020)
Authors: Bahlmann Kaitlin N , Bailey Steven J , Brooks Toni S 
Published: June 2021

Case series summary Gastric diverticulum (GD) is a rare condition that is described adequately in humans but has not been reported in cats. This case series describes six cats with GD, including three that were published in a previous abstract. All cats presented for a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic vomiting, weight loss and anorexia, and underwent negative contrast radiography to diagnose GD. All but one cat underwent surgical resection of the GD via partial gastrectomy, while the remaining cat was euthanized. Resection of the GD was associated with reduction of reported clinical signs. Relevance and novel information Gastric diverticula have never been reported in the cat. Negative contrast radiography appears to be a superior imaging technique in the diagnosis of feline GD. In cats with a vague chronic history, including vomiting, anorexia and weight loss, GD should be considered among the differential diagnoses. Further study and more cases need to be identified to better assess clinical problems referable to GD in the absence of other comorbidities. Maine Coon cats with GD appear to be over-represented.
Impaired renal function is an independent risk factor for complications after surgery for femoral neck fracture
Authors: Ramamurti Pradip , Fassihi Safa C , Sacolick David , Gu Alex , Wei Chapman , Chodos Marc D 
Published: June 2021

Background: The metabolic abnormalities that occur secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase the risk of femoral neck fractures compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether impaired renal function is an independent risk factor for complications after surgery for femoral neck fracture. Methods: The ACS-NSQIP database was reviewed for patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for femoral neck fractures between 2007 and 2018. Patients were split into cohorts based on calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. Demographic information, comorbidities, and 30-day complications were analysed with univariate and multivariate analyses using chi-square, Fischer’s exact and analysis of variance testing. Results: The total number of patients for the study was 163,717. Patients with CKD stage 4 and 5 had an increased rate of any complication (39.1 and 36.7% respectively) compared with higher eGFRs ( p  < 0.001). Similarly, 30-day mortality was increased at 6.0% and 6.7% for both stage 4 and 5 ( p  < 0.001). By multivariate regression, those with CKD Stage 4 and 5 were at increased risk for any complication compared to patients with a normal preoperative eGFR of 90–120 ( p  < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that patients with CKD Stage 4 and 5 are at increased risks of all complications, including death, renal, pulmonary and thromboembolic disease. Therefore, these patients should be cared for from a multidisciplinary approach with close attention to postoperative medications and fall prevention to help mitigate the risk of complications in the immediate postoperative period.
Can the Risk of Dysphagia in Head and Neck Radiation Therapy Be Predicted by an Automated Transit Fluence Monitoring Process During Treatment? A First Comparative Study of Patient Reported Quality of Life and the Fluence-Based Decision Support Metric
Authors: Lim Seng Boh , Lee Nancy , Zakeri Kaveh , Greer Peter , Fuangrod Todsaporn , Coffman Frederick , Cerviño Laura , Lovelock D. Michael 
Published: June 2021

Purpose/Objective(s): The additional personnel and imaging procedures required for Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART) pose a challenge for a broad implementation. We hypothesize that a change in transit fluence during the treatment course is correlated with the change of quality of life and thus can be used as a replanning trigger. Materials/Methods: Twenty-one head and neck cancer (HNC) patients filled out an MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaire, before-and-after the radiotherapy treatment course. The transit fluence was measured by the Watchdog (WD) in-vivo portal dosimetry system. The patients were monitored with daily WD and weekly CBCTs. The region of interest (ROI) of each patient was defined as the outer contour of the patient between approximate spine levels C1 to C4, essentially the neck and mandible inside the beam’s eye view. The nth day integrated transit fluence change, Δϕn, and the volume change, ΔVROI, of the ROI of each patient was calculated from the corresponding WD and CBCT measurements. The correlation between MDADI scores and age, gender, planning mean dose to salivary glands <Dsg>, weight change ΔW, ΔVROI, and Δϕn, were analyzed using the ranked-Pearson correlation. Results: No statistically significant correlation was found for age, gender and ΔW. <Dsg> was found to have clinically important correlation with functional MDADI (ρ = −0.39, P = 0.081). ΔVROI was found to have statistically significant correlation of 0.44, 0.47 and 0.44 with global, physical and functional MDADI ( P-value < 0.05). Δϕn was found to have statistically significant ranked-correlation (−0.46, −0.46 and −0.45) with physical, functional and total MDADI ( P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: A transit fluence based decision support metric (DSM) is statistically correlated with the dysphagia risk. It can not only be used as an early signal in assisting clinicians in the ART patient selection for replanning, but also lowers the resource barrier of ART implementation.
Genome-Wide Identification of Autophagy Prognostic Signature in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yu Jianfa , Lang Qi , Zhong Chongli , Wang Shuang , Tian Yu 
Published: June 2021

Background: Autophagy plays a vital role in cancer development. However, there is currently no comprehensive study regarding the effects of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) on pancreatic cancer prognosis. Thus, this study aimed to establish an autophagy-related signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: We identified and validated differentially-expressed ARGs using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) and Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression analysis on the differentially-expressed ARGs to develop an autophagy-related signature. We tested the expression of these genes through western blotting and verified their prognostic values through gene expression profiling and interactive analyses (GEPIA). Results: We identified a total of 21 differentially-expressed ARGs and screened 4 OS-related ARGs (TP63, RAB24, APOL1, and PTK6). Both the training and validation sets showed that the autophagy-related signature was more accurate than the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system. Moreover, the western blotting result showed that the expression of TP63, APOL1, and PTK6 was high, whereas that of RAB24 was low in cancer tissues. Conclusion: This 4-ARG signature might potentially help in providing personalized therapy to patients with cancer.
Effects of Accumulated Energy on Nanoparticle Formation in Pulsed-Laser Dewetting of AgCu Thin Films
Authors: Lin H. K. , Huang C. W. , Lin Y. H. , Chuang W. S. , Huang J. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAg50Cu50 films were deposited on glass substrates by a sputtering system. Effects of accumulated energy on nanoparticle formation in pulse-laser dewetting of AgCu films were investigated. The results showed that the properties of the dewetted films were found to be dependent on the magnitude of the energy accumulated in the film. For a low energy accumulation, the two distinct nanoparticles had rice-shaped/Ag60Cu40 and hemispherical/Ag80Cu20. Moreover, the absorption spectra contained two peaks at 700 nm and 500 nm, respectively. By contrast, for a high energy accumulation, the nanoparticles had a consistent composition of Ag60Cu40, a mean diameter of 100 nm and a peak absorption wavelength of 550 nm. Overall, the results suggest that a higher Ag content of the induced nanoparticles causes a blue shift of the absorption spectrum, while a smaller particle size induces a red shift.
When physical activity meets the physical environment: precision health insights from the intersection
Authors: Giles Luisa V. , Koehle Michael S. , Saelens Brian E. , Sbihi Hind , Carlsten Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The physical environment can facilitate or hinder physical activity. A challenge in promoting physical activity is ensuring that the physical environment is supportive and that these supports are appropriately tailored to the individual or group in question. Ideally, aspects of the environment that impact physical activity would be enhanced, but environmental changes take time, and identifying ways to provide more precision to physical activity recommendations might be helpful for specific individuals or groups. Therefore, moving beyond a “one size fits all” to a precision-based approach is critical.

Main body
To this end, we considered 4 critical aspects of the physical environment that influence physical activity (walkability, green space, traffic-related air pollution, and heat) and how these aspects could enhance our ability to precisely guide physical activity. Strategies to increase physical activity could include optimizing design of the built environment or mitigating of some of the environmental impediments to activity through personalized or population-wide interventions.

Conclusions
Although at present non-personalized approaches may be more widespread than those tailored to one person’s physical environment, targeting intrinsic personal elements (e.g., medical conditions, sex, age, socioeconomic status) has interesting potential to enhance the likelihood and ability of individuals to participate in physical activity.
Near accidents and collisions between pedestrians and cyclists
Authors: Mesimäki Johannes , Luoma Juha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCities throughout the world have increasingly promoted walking and cycling as healthy and sustainable modes of travel. However, collisions between pedestrians and cyclists have remained largely unstudied, and existing accident statistics suffer from underreporting. This study aimed to explore near accidents and collisions between pedestrians and cyclists, assess the frequency of near accidents, and evaluate pedestrians’ and cyclists’ sense of safety in traffic. An online survey was directed to inhabitants of Finnish cities with populations greater than 100,000, and the resulting data included 1046 respondents who walk and/or cycle regularly.The main results show that near accidents between pedestrians and cyclists are around 50 times more frequent than collisions. Only 16 survey respondents had been involved in a collision during the 3-year period, whereas roughly a third had experienced at least one near accident. For both near accidents and collisions, the involved parties were usually travelling in the same direction. Most incidents occurred on pedestrian paths and shared pedestrian and bicycle paths. On shared pedestrian and bicycle paths separated by mode of transport, incidents were much rarer. Furthermore, sense of safety and willingness to walk and cycle were lower in environments where near accidents were more frequent.These findings tentatively suggest that spatially separating modes of transport could improve people’s sense of safety and prevent near accidents and collisions. Prevention of near accidents could increase the willingness to walk and cycle.
BiGAN: LncRNA-disease association prediction based on bidirectional generative adversarial network
Authors: Yang Qiang , Li Xiaokun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of studies have shown that lncRNAs are crucial for the control of hormones and the regulation of various physiological processes in the human body, and deletion mutations in RNA are related to many human diseases. LncRNA- disease association prediction is very useful for understanding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of diseases, and is helpful for labelling relevant biological information.

Results
In this manuscript, we propose a computational model named bidirectional generative adversarial network (BiGAN), which consists of an encoder, a generator, and a discriminator to predict new lncRNA-disease associations. We construct features between lncRNA and disease pairs by utilizing the disease semantic similarity, lncRNA sequence similarity, and Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarities of lncRNAs and diseases. The BiGAN maps the latent features of similarity features to predict unverified association between lncRNAs and diseases. The computational results have proved that the BiGAN performs significantly better than other state-of-the-art approaches in cross-validation. We employed the proposed model to predict candidate lncRNAs for renal cancer and colon cancer. The results are promising. Case studies show that almost 70% of lncRNAs in the top 10 prediction lists are verified by recent biological research.

Conclusion
The experimental results indicated that our proposed model had an accurate predictive ability for the association of lncRNA-disease pairs.
Transcriptome signature of miRNA-26b KO mouse model suggests novel targets
Authors: van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Pepe Mario A. A. , Peters Linsey J. F. , Haberbosch Markus , Jansen Yvonne , Naumann Ronald , Stathopoulos Georgios T. , Weber Christian , Bidzhekov Kiril 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20–24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. One of the miRNAs that has been shown to play a role in various pathologies like cancer, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases is miRNA-26b. However, these studies only demonstrated rather ambiguous associations without revealing a causal relationship. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish and validate a mouse model which enables the elucidation of the exact role of miRNA-26b in various pathologies.

Results
A miRNA-26b-deficient mouse model was established using homologous recombination and validated using PCR. miRNA-26b-deficient mice did not show any physiological abnormalities and no effects on systemic lipid levels, blood parameters or tissue leukocytes. Using next generation sequencing, the gene expression patterns in miRNA-26b-deficient mice were analyzed and compared to wild type controls. This supported the already suggested role of miRNA-26b in cancer and neurological processes, but also revealed novel associations of miRNA-26b with thermogenesis and allergic reactions. In addition, detailed analysis identified several genes that seem to be highly regulated by miRNA-26b, which are linked to the same pathological conditions, further confirming the role of miRNA-26b in these pathologies and providing a strong validation of our mouse model.

Conclusions
miRNA-26b plays an important role in various pathologies, although causal relationships still have to be established. The described mouse model of miRNA-26b deficiency is a crucial first step towards the identification of the exact role of miRNA-26b in various diseases that could identify miRNA-26b as a promising novel diagnostic or even therapeutic target in a broad range of pathologies.
Temporal dynamics of teleost populations during the Pleistocene: a report from publicly available genome data
Authors: Li Jia , Bian Chao , Yi Yunhai , Yu Hui , You Xinxin , Shi Qiong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Global climate oscillation, as a selection dynamic, is an ecologically important element resulting in global biodiversity. During the glacial geological periods, most organisms suffered detrimental selection pressures (such as food shortage and habitat loss) and went through population declines. However, during the mild interglacial periods, many species re-flourished. These temporal dynamics of effective population sizes (Ne) provide essential information for understanding and predicting evolutionary outcomes during historical and ongoing global climate changes.

Results
Using high-quality genome assemblies and corresponding sequencing data, we applied the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method to quantify Ne changes of twelve representative teleost species from approximately 10 million years ago (mya) to 10 thousand years ago (kya). These results revealed multiple rounds of population contraction and expansion in most of the examined teleost species during the Neogene and the Quaternary periods. We observed that 83% (10/12) of the examined teleosts had experienced a drastic decline in Ne before the last glacial period (LGP, 110–12 kya), slightly earlier than the reported pattern of Ne changes in 38 avian species. In comparison with the peaks, almost all of the examined teleosts maintained long-term lower Ne values during the last few million years. This is consistent with increasingly dramatic glaciation during this period.

Conclusion
In summary, these findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the historical Ne changes in teleosts. Results presented here could lead to the development of appropriate strategies to protect species in light of ongoing global climate changes.
Integrative analysis of histomorphology, transcriptome and whole genome resequencing identified DIO2 gene as a crucial gene for the protuberant knob located on forehead in geese
Authors: Deng Yan , Hu Shenqiang , Luo Chenglong , Ouyang Qingyuan , Li Li , Ma Jiaming , Lin Zhenping , Chen Junpeng , Liu Hehe , Hu Jiwei , Chen Guohong , Shu Dingming , Pan Yuxuan , Hu Bo , He Hua , Qu Hao , Wang Jiwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
During domestication, remarkable changes in behavior, morphology, physiology and production performance have taken place in farm animals. As one of the most economically important poultry, goose owns a unique appearance characteristic called knob, which is located at the base of the upper bill. However, neither the histomorphology nor the genetic mechanism of the knob phenotype has been revealed in geese.

Results
In the present study, integrated radiographic, histological, transcriptomic and genomic analyses revealed the histomorphological characteristics and genetic mechanism of goose knob. The knob skin was developed, and radiographic results demonstrated that the knob bone was obviously protuberant and pneumatized. Histologically, there were major differences in structures in both the knob skin and bone between geese owing knob (namely knob-geese) and those devoid of knob (namely non-knob geese). Through transcriptome analysis, 592 and 952 genes differentially expressed in knob skin and bone, and significantly enriched in PPAR and Calcium pathways in knob skin and bone, respectively, which revealed the molecular mechanisms of histomorphological differences of the knob between knob- and non-knob geese. Furthermore, integrated transcriptomic and genomic analysis contributed to the identification of 17 and 21 candidate genes associated with the knob formation in the skin and bone, respectively. Of them, DIO2 gene could play a pivotal role in determining the knob phenotype in geese. Because a non-synonymous mutation (c.642,923 G > A, P265L) changed DIO2 protein secondary structure in knob geese, and Sanger sequencing further showed that the AA genotype was identified in the population of knob geese, and was prevalent in a crossing population which was artificially selected for 10 generations.

Conclusions
This study was the first to uncover the knob histomorphological characteristics and genetic mechanism in geese, and DIO2 was identified as the crucial gene associated with the knob phenotype. These data not only expand and enrich our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of head appendages in both mammalian and avian species, but also have important theoretical and practical significance for goose breeding.