bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overestimation of alcohol consumption norms as a driver of alcohol consumption: a whole‐population network study of men across eight villages in rural, southwestern Uganda
Authors: Perkins Jessica M. , Kakuhikire Bernard , Baguma Charles , Jurinsky Jordan , Rasmussen Justin D. , Satinsky Emily N. , Namara Elizabeth , Ahereza Phionah , Kyokunda Viola , Perkins H. Wesley , Hahn Judith A. , Bangsberg David R. , Tsai Alexander C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsLittle is known about how perceived norms about alcohol consumption may influence high alcohol consumption rates in Uganda. This study estimated the accuracy of perceived norms about men's alcohol consumption and estimated the association between perceived norms and personal alcohol consumption.DesignCross‐sectional, whole‐population, sociocentric social network study.SettingEight rural villages in Rwampara District, southwestern Uganda in 2016–18.ParticipantsA total of 719 men aged 18 years and older (representing 91% of permanent resident men).MeasurementsSelf‐reported frequent (≥ 4 days per week) and heavy alcohol consumption (six or more drinks on one occasion, more than three occasions of intoxication, or spending an excessive amount on alcohol). Participants also reported whether they thought most other men in their village engaged in frequent and heavy alcohol consumption (perceived norms). Using the network study design, we calculated alcohol consumption behavior within villages and social networks. Perceived norms were compared with aggregated self‐reports. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between perceived norms and individual behavior.FindingsThroughout villages, frequent and heavy alcohol consumption ranged from 7 to 37%. However, 527 (74%) participants perceived, contrary to fact, that most other men in their villages frequently consumed alcohol, and 576 (81%) perceived that most others heavily consumed alcohol. Overestimation of alcohol consumption by others was pervasive among socio‐demographic subgroups and was present irrespective of the actual consumption behavior at the village level and within social networks. Men who misperceived these alcohol consumption behaviors as being common were more likely to engage in frequent [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 3.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69–9.34) and heavy (aRR = 4.75; 95% CI = 2.33–9.69) alcohol consumption themselves.ConclusionsMost men in eight rural Ugandan villages incorrectly thought that frequent and heavy alcohol consumption were common among men in their villages. These misperceived norms had a strong positive association with individual drinking behavior.
Changes in illicit drug use and markets with the COVID‐19 pandemic and associated restrictions: findings from the Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System, 2016–20
Authors: Price Olivia , Man Nicola , Bruno Raimondo , Dietze Paul , Salom Caroline , Lenton Simon , Grigg Jodie , Gibbs Daisy , Wilson Tanya , Degenhardt Louisa , Chan Roanna , Thomas Natalie , Peacock Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe (i) self‐reported changes in drug use and (ii) trends in price, perceived availability, and perceived purity of illicit drugs, among people who regularly use ecstasy/ 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other illicit stimulants in Australia following COVID‐19 and associated restrictions.DesignAnnual interviews with cross‐sectional sentinel samples conducted face‐to‐face in 2016–19 and via video conferencing or telephone in 2020. Data were collected via an interviewer‐administered structured questionnaire.SettingAustralian capital cities.ParticipantsAustralians aged 16 years or older who used ecstasy/MDMA and other illicit stimulants on a monthly or more frequent basis and resided in a capital city, recruited via social media and word‐of‐mouth (n ~ 800 each year).MeasurementsKey outcome measures were self‐reported illicit drug market indicators (price, purity and availability) and, in 2020 only, perceived change in drug use (including alcohol and tobacco) since March 2020 and reasons for this change.FindingsFor most drugs, participants reported either no change or a reduction in their use since COVID‐19 restrictions were introduced. Ecstasy/MDMA was the drug most frequently cited as reduced in use (n = 552, 70% of those reporting recent use), mainly due to reduced opportunities for socialization. While market indicators were largely stable across most drugs, the odds of perceiving MDMA capsules as ‘high’ in purity decreased compared with 2016–19 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–0.99], as did perceiving them as ‘easy’ to obtain (aOR = 0.42, CI = 0.26–0.67). The odds of perceiving cocaine and methamphetamine crystal as ‘easy’ to obtain also decreased (aOR = 0.67, CI = 0.46–0.96 and aOR = 0.12, CI = 0.04–0.41, respectively).ConclusionsAfter COVID‐19‐related restrictions were introduced in Australia, use of ecstasy/MDMA, related stimulants and other licit and illicit drugs mainly appeared to remain stable or decrease, primarily due to impediments to socialization.
Dismal outcome of relapsed or primary refractory adult T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: A retrospective study from China
Authors: Chen Haizhu , Qin Yan , Yang Jianliang , Liu Peng , He Xiaohui , Zhou Shengyu , Zhang Changgong , Yang Sheng , Gui Lin , Sun Yan , Shi Yuankai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimLittle is known about the outcome and prognostic factors of relapsed or refractory T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL), especially in adult patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics, outcome and prognostic factors for this patient population.MethodsBetween January 2006 and December 2017, we retrospectively analyzed 84 adult patients with T‐LBL, and 44 relapsed or primary refractory patients were included in this analysis. Clinical features, treatment and follow‐up information were collected.ResultsFor all 44 patients, the median time to disease progression or relapse was 9.5 months after diagnosis. At a median follow‐up of 19.6 months, 40 (90.9%) patients died. The 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates after disease progression or relapse were 7.8% and 5.2%, respectively. Among 30 patients who had detailed information of second‐line treatment, only eight achieved a second complete remission (CR). Two of these eight patients subsequently underwent autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), of whom one died from disease progression after autologous SCT, and one was free of event at 84 months after allogeneic SCT. Three of the rest six patients in second CR were still alive after chemotherapy alone. All the remaining patients who failed to gain second CR eventually died. In univariate analysis, only the achievement of second CR was positively predictive of OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.307; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.104–0.905; P = 0.032).ConclusionThe outcome of adult patients with relapsed or refractory T‐LBL is extremely dismal. Patients with relapsed or refractory T‐LBL should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials where novel therapeutic approaches are available.
The Infinite Elasticity of Air: New York City’s Financialization of Transferable Development Rights
Authors: Sclar Elliott 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZoning operates within institutional policy norms. Current neoliberal norms encourage land use policy aimed at attaining highest achievable real estate values. As a result, a public policy tool originally intended to protect urban society from the negative impacts of excessive intense real estate development now facilitates such development. This transformation is most clearly seen in the evolution of transferable development rights (TDRs) from a device intended to facilitate adjustment of unique site‐specific regulatory matters into one widely used to privately appropriate socially created site values. TDRs detach zoned development rights from site‐specific locations. So, their use over ever‐widening districts implies that socially created area‐wide value can be privately appropriated by property owners at specific sites, property owners who typically played little or no role in the creation of such value. In the process, these rights become financialized. This financialization encourages developers to seek further expansion in the size of the district within which these rights are fungible. In a global era of extremely low interest rates, real estate assets, which hold the promise of capital safety and above‐average returns, have become exceptionally attractive portfolio holdings. This investment environment encourages urban planners and real estate developers to further rationalize and hence financialize the ever‐wider use of these rights in some of the densest urban environments in the world. The historic experience of evolving zoning policy in New York City’s central business district, Manhattan below West 59th Street, serves as an illustration of the way TDRs as a land use regulatory device have evolved to facilitate this financialization.
Waqf and the Urban Housing Question: Islamic Land Donations for Housing in Bangkok
Authors: Kahraman Sefer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe city of Bangkok, Thailand faces the sorts of housing problems that are experienced throughout the Global South, where urban housing is unaffordable to large numbers of residents or is of extremely poor quality. Standard economic analysis suggests that privatization of land will enable the free market to solve the housing problem. Anne Haila, a leading urban economist, turned this mainstream logic on its head, claiming that land privatization worsens housing problems. She also argued that systems based on sharing are needed. Bangkok sought to solve its housing problem with conventional methods of public housing and social housing, but that policy was unsuccessful. This article recommends the application of core Islamic social and moral values: social responsibility and generosity. The use of non‐private land, such as religious waqf land, offers an effective alternative housing system. Waqf land practices demonstrate the philosophy of Islamic philanthropy, as I show in a case study of how waqf land is used in Bangkok. The evidence demonstrates that a sharing alternative can help alleviate urban problems. This study is just one example of a practice within the Islamic collective philanthropic spirit.
Land and Housing in Singapore: Three Conversations with Anne Haila
Authors: Ho K. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnne Haila is credited as one of the pioneers in developing a new theory of urban rent, distinct from neo‐Marxist treatments of rent in the 1970s. In this reformulation, she looks into the agents and institutions of land, with land as a financial asset, where its management and use become pivotal to our understanding of the contemporary city. One of the central elements in this reformulation is the attention paid to the state and its management of land. The three conversations developed in this essay elaborate on Haila’s focus on the state and its land policies. By focusing on the events that propel the state to act in housing provision, to intensify its management of land for housing and economic development, and to evade the provision of housing for some groups in society, I show how state interests with regard to land and housing are conditioned and evolve over time.
Children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia are not as school ready as their peers
Authors: Edmonds Caroline J , Cianfaglione Rina , Cornforth Christine , Vollmer Brigitte 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine whether children with neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) differ from their peers on measures of fine motor skills, executive function, language and general cognitive abilities, factors that are important for school readiness.MethodsWe compared school readiness in 31children with HIE treated with TH (without Cerebral Palsy; mean age 5 years 4 months) with 20 typically developing children without HIE (mean age 5 years 6 months).ResultsChildren with HIE scored significantly lower than typically developing children on fine motor skills, executive functions, memory and language.ConclusionWhile general cognitive abilities and attainment were in the normal range, our findings suggest those scores mask specific underlying difficulties identified by more focussed assessments. Children with HIE treated with TH may not be as ‘school ready’ as their typically developing classmates and may benefit from long‐term follow‐up until starting school.
Kostmann disease and other forms of severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Fadeel Bengt , Garwicz Daniel , Carlsson Göran , Sandstedt Bengt , Nordenskjöld Magnus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCongenital neutropenia with autosomal recessive inheritance was first described by the Swedish paediatrician Rolf Kostmann who coined the term ‘infantile genetic agranulocytosis’. The condition is now commonly referred to as Kostmann disease. These patients display a maturation arrest of the myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and reduced neutrophil numbers and suffer from recurrent, often life‐threatening infections. The molecular mechanism underlying congenital neutropenia has been intensively investigated, and mutations in genes that impinge on programmed cell death have been identified. The present review provides an overview of these studies.
Vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) – a novel clinico‐pathological entity with heterogeneous clinical presentations
Authors: Lavin Michelle , Elder Patrick T. , O’Keeffe Denis , Enright Helen , Ryan Eileen , Kelly Anna , El Hassadi Ezzat , McNicholl Feargal P. , Benson Gary , Le Giao N. , Byrne Mary , Ryan Kevin , O’Connell Niamh M. , O’Donnell James S. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryVaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a novel entity that emerged in March 2021 following reports of unusual thrombosis after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19, (AstraZeneca) vaccination. Following the recognition of this syndrome, multiple consensus guidelines have been released to risk stratify patients presenting with possible symptoms after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination. All guidelines rapidly identify VITT in patients with the complete triad of thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and elevated D‐dimers after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination. However, with earlier recognition of the associated symptoms, the clinical manifestations are likely to be more heterogeneous and represent an evolving spectrum of disease. In this setting, current guidelines may lack the sensitivity to detect early cases of VITT and risk missed or delayed diagnoses. The broad clinical phenotype and challenges associated with diagnosis of VITT are highlighted in our present case series of four patients with confirmed VITT. Dependent on the guidance used, each patient could have been classified as a low probability of VITT at presentation. The present study highlights the issues associated with the recognition of VITT, the limitations of current guidance and the need for heightened clinical vigilance as our understanding of the pathophysiology of this novel condition evolves.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐guided transurethral ultrasound ablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia: 12‐month clinical outcomes of a phase I study
Authors: Viitala Antti , Anttinen Mikael , Wright Cameron , Virtanen Ilari , Mäkelä Pietari , Hovinen Topi , Sainio Teija , Saunavaara Jani , Taimen Pekka , Blanco Sequeiros Roberto , Boström Peter J. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (TULSA) for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).Patients and methodsAn investigator‐initiated, prospective, registered (NCT03350529), phase I study enrolled men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in need of surgical intervention. Patients were followed for 12 months after TULSA. Uroflowmetry, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, and a comprehensive set of functional questionnaires including the Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite‐26, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function were obtained at baseline and every 3 months afterwards. MRI was obtained at baseline, and at 3 and 12 months after TULSA. Medication use before and after TULSA were recorded. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsA total of 10 men underwent TULSA with no severe AEs encountered. The baseline median (interquartile range [IQR]) age and prostate volume were 68 (63–72) years and 53 (45–66) mL, respectively. At baseline, six patients were moderately symptomatic and four patients severely symptomatic. Nine patients at baseline were on BPO medication. The median (IQR) improvement in the IPSS was 82%, from 17.5 (15.3–23.0) at baseline to 4.0 (2.3–6.3) at 12 months. Similarly, the median maximum urinary flow rate improved by 101%, from a median (IQR) of 12.4 (8.8–17.6) mL/s at baseline to 21.8 (17.6–26.5) mL/s at 12 months. Improvements were already seen at 3 months. The median prostate volume and PSA reduction at 12 months were 33% and 48%, respectively. There were no changes in continence, sexual, erectile or bowel functions. At 12 months, five out of six men with normal ejaculatory function before TULSA reported normal antegrade ejaculations. All patients taking BPO medication before TULSA discontinued medication after TULSA.ConclusionTULSA appears to be a safe and effective treatment for BPO, with promising 12‐month follow‐up outcomes. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm the observed results.
Chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease: the interplay between the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, genetics and microglia
Authors: Milligan Armstrong Ayeisha , Porter Tenielle , Quek Hazel , White Anthony , Haynes John , Jackaman Connie , Villemagne Victor , Munyard Kylie , Laws Simon M. , Verdile Giuseppe , Groth David 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTChronic psychosocial stress is increasingly being recognised as a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) is the major stress response pathway in the body and tightly regulates the production of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and increased levels of cortisol are commonly found in AD patients and make a major contribution to the disease process. The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition, within the general population there are interindividual differences in sensitivities to glucocorticoid and stress responses, which are thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These differences could ultimately impact an individuals’ risk of AD. The purpose of this review is first to summarise the literature describing environmental and genetic factors that can impact an individual's HPA axis reactivity and function and ultimately AD risk. Secondly, we propose a mechanism by which genetic factors that influence HPA axis reactivity may also impact inflammation, a key driver of neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that these factors can mediate glucocorticoid priming of the immune cells of the brain, microglia, to become pro‐inflammatory and promote a neurotoxic environment resulting in neurodegeneration. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and identifying these genetic factors has implications for evaluating stress‐related risk/progression to neurodegeneration, informing the success of interventions based on stress management and potential risks associated with the common use of glucocorticoids.
Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID‐19 infection severity: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Joshi Avni , Leopold Kaitlin , Jackson Sarah , Christensen Stephanie , Nayfeh Tarek , Mohammed Khaled , Creo Ana , Tebben Peter , Kumar Seema 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection.MethodsMultiple databases from 1 January 2019 to 3 December 2020 were searched for observational studies evaluating the association between vitamin D deficiency and severity of COVID‐19 infection. Independent reviewers selected studies and extracted data for the review. The main outcomes of interest were mortality, hospital admission, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit admission.ResultsSeventeen observational studies with 2756 patients were included in the analyses. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–4.05; 12 studies; hazard ratio [HR]: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.40–7.04; 3 studies), higher rates of hospital admissions (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.48–3.21; 3 studies) and longer hospital stays (0.52 days; 95% CI: 0.25–0.80; 2 studies) as compared to nonvitamin D deficient status. Subgroup analyses based on different cut‐offs for defining vitamin D deficiency, study geographic locations and latitude also showed similar trends.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is associated with greater severity of COVID‐19 infection. Further studies are warranted to determine if vitamin D supplementation can decrease the severity of COVID‐19.
Clinical outcomes and biological and mechanical complications of immediate fixed prostheses supported by zygomatic implants: A retrospective analysis from a prospective clinical study with up to 11 years of follow‐up
Authors: Agliardi Enrico Luigi , Panigatti Stefano , Romeo Davide , Sacchi Lavinia , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundZygomatic implants alone or in combination with conventional implants have been used for severe atrophic maxillary arches. Long‐term outcomes of extramaxillary technique need validations.PurposeTo retrospectively assess the clinical outcomes and the prevalence of surgical, biological, and prosthetic complications of implant‐fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs) supported by zygomatic implants up to 11 years of follow‐up.Materials and methodsDental records of 34 subjects treated between October 2008 and June 2019 were reviewed. Patients received an immediate fixed full‐arch prosthesis supported solely by zygomatic implants or by a combination of zygomatic and conventional implants.ResultsA total of 90 zygomatic implants and 53 standard implants were placed. Up to 11 years of follow‐up, two conventional implants were lost, leading to 96.2% success rate for conventional implants and 100% for zygomatic implants. Marginal bone loss for conventional implants averaged 0.85 ± 0.17 mm after the first year and 1.36 ± 0.12 mm after 10 years, resulting in full implant success. No prosthesis was lost. The main surgical complication was the perforations of the Schneiderian membrane, occurring in five patients and in seven sinus cavities. Considering the biological complications, mucositis for standard and zygomatic implants ranged between 21%–35% and 26%–40%, respectively. No peri‐implantitis were reported. Soft tissue hypertrophy ranged between 1.8% and 30% for conventional implants and 1.1%–35% for zygomatic implants. Inflammation under the prosthesis ranged between 33% and 50%. For the mechanical complications, abutment loosening was recorded in 5.8% of cases (two patients), tooth debonding and fracture of the prosthesis happened in five subjects (14.7%), and loosening of the prosthetic screws was reported in one patient (2.9%).ConclusionsImmediate rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla with zygomatic implants alone or in combination with standard implants could be considered a viable treatment modality.