bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in biotic and abiotic components
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Sharma Akriti , Aditya  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pollutants in the environment remains to be a global issue and among the greatest challenges confronting mankind. Among the various kinds of pollutants, heavy metals have drawn a lot of attention owing to their toxicity. Heavy metals are recognized to be naturally existing, however they are introduced in considerable quantities in many environmental compartments due to anthropogenic activities. When added into the atmosphere eventually these find their way back to the ground, contaminating soils and water. These metals enter into the plant system through a variety of physiological mechanisms, affecting plant growth and development. The possible entry of these elements into the ecosystem has been attributed to the increased levels of heavy metals in the ecosystem through direct intake from polluted soils, vegetables grown on polluted soils, or drinking wastewater that has infiltrated through such soils. Heavy metal accumulation arises when vegetable crops are grown in an environment contaminated with heavy metal, further entering and magnifying in the food chain. Human health is jeopardised by the presence and consumption of potentially harmful heavy metals in biota and groundwater. Heavy metal exposure can cause a number of serious human health implications, including kidney disease, respiratory problems, neurological disorders, and cancer. These heavy metals have an impact not merely on plants and humans, but also on soil health, water sources, soil nutrient status, and other aquatic organisms. These are irreversibly introduced in the environment since they cannot be degraded and are typically present in trace amounts, yet even at low levels, many of them can be harmful. The increased levels of heavy metals in the environment are hence currently prompting increased concern and need improvised remedial measures.
Impact of using Recycled Demolition waste as Aggregates in Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-compacting Concrete on its Sulphate Resistance
Authors: Anurag  , Singh S.K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of performing this study was to estimate the impact of replacement of natural aggregates (NAs) with the recycled demolition waste aggregates (rDWAs) on the sulphate resistance of steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC). In this regard, 13 laboratory experiments were conducted and analyzed using central composite design (CCD) in combination with response surface methodology (RSM). The sulphate resistance was evaluated in the form of % reduction is compressive strength (CS) of the FRSCC samples after 28 days, 90 days and 120 days. It was revealed that after 28 days, 90 days and 120 days the % reduction in CS was 97%, 14.85% and 8.6% more than the control samples, respectively. Also, the % reduction in CS of the FRSCC samples showed a linear relation with both the process parameters i.e., % replacement of NAs with rDWAs and % dosage of steel fibers. The findings of this study are expected to encourage the reuse of rDWAs in FRSCC-based structures.
Strength and flexural toughness of hybrid fibre reinforced fly ash based concrete
Authors: Kumar A , Singh S P , Bawa S , Tiwary Aditya Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To overcome concrete brittleness and to provide toughness, fibre reinforcement is commonly utilized. Fibre reinforcement to concrete in the form of hybrid fibre is a new concept to achieve individual fibre benefits. In this paper, the effect of polypropylene fibre (PF) and steel fibre (SF) either individually or with different combinations at 1% fibre volume fraction on the strength, flexural toughness, and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) value of FIBRE-reinforced fly ash (FA) based concrete has been presented. For this purpose, one control mix having 25% FA and 0% fibre and five mixes with different hybrid fibre combinations of 1%PF-0%SF, 0.75%PF-0.25%SF%, 0.50%PF-0.50%SF, 0.25%PF-0.75%SF, and 0%PF-1%SF were cast. ASTM C 1609 method was utilized to evaluate the flexural toughness. Experimental results have shown an improvement in all the above-said properties (expect UPV) by the addition of fibre, but improvement is more significant in mixes with a higher percentage of SF when compared with mixes at a higher percentage of PF. Mix with a hybrid fibre combination of 0.25% PF and 0.75% SF gave the best result among all the fibre-reinforced fly ash-based mixes.
Partial replacement of fine aggregate with Copper slag and marble dust powder in geo-polymer concrete: A review
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Mehta Shalika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
-As of late the ascent of substantial creation costs has consistently been a worry of substantial makers and customers. Using current waste to override concrete and some poIn ongoing years the ascent of substantial creation costs has consistently been a worry of substantial makers and buyers. Using present day waste to override concrete and some bit of all out can diminish its cost and environmental dirt of all out can decrease its cost and natural tainting. The mark to the purpose of this paper to audit the shot at powder made from marble dust close by the copper slag as an in part substitution to fine aggregate all out in geo-polymer concrete. Marble dust powder was used in mix in comprise copper slag as in part substitution to fine aggregate in level of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The strength of geo-polymer concrete was tested after 7 & 28 days. Result shows that compressive strength is increased after the replacement of 60% of copper slag and marble dust powder to fine aggregate and also flexural strength and split tensile strength increases strength upto 60% and 80% after replacement. These discoveries of the examination express that powdered marble dust will be utilized as the conceivable substitution material to fine aggregate to give maximum strength copper slag geo-polymer concrete.
A Study on the Strength Aspects of Concrete with Metakaolin, GGBFS and Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of OPC
Authors: Sharma Amit , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The impact of the OPC on the environment is important as its production generates a large amount of CO2. In order to reduce the use of pure raw materials as resources, the use of industrial waste or secondary materials in construction sites for the production of cement and concrete has been encouraged. The volume of wastes generated worldwide has increased over the years due to the population, social and economic performance and social development. One of the most attractive options for waste management is to minimize waste and reuse the possibility of recycling. The cost of cement used in concrete works is increasing and unsatisfactory, but the demand for this material and other housing needs is rising, so it is important to find alternatives that can be used alone or in a partial replacement. In this research work several auxiliary cementitious ingredients such as metakaoline, GGBFS and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) were used to improve the strength properties of the conservative concrete. Metakaolin and GGBFS was used at a fixed percentage of 10 percent as fractional substitution of the OPC-43 grade cement, while the RHA was used at different percent ranging from 0 to 25 percent at an increment of 5 percent in each case as fractional substitution of the OPC-43 grade cement. Numerous examinations were executed so as to envisage the effect of these materials over the strength and engineering properties of the concrete. The test results conclude that the usage of the metakaolin, GGBFS and the RHA in combined form increased the strength and engineering properties of the conventional concrete up to a great extent. From the obtained test results it can be further concluded that the particle size of the supplementary cementitious materials plays a significant role in enhancing the internal micro-structure of the concrete and which further leads to the higher strength of the concrete. Also the main reason behind the advanced strength was the presence of the metakaolin and GGBFS in the concrete, whose chemical properties densifies the concrete and made the concrete more stable and promotes higher strength. Future work can also be done on the usage of several other supplementary cementitious materials at different other percentages so as to improve concrete properties.
A Study on Electro-Magnetic Properties of Concrete by Using Steel Fiber and Graphite
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Gahir Jagdeep Singh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research paper describes the properties of electromagnetism of concrete mix that are sustained to make “Electrically Conductive Concrete”. Thus, the values provide various information on the behaviour of concrete mix and its relation with electromagnetic waves. Steel Fiber and Graphite are conductive materials. The properties of conductive concrete mix that is coarse aggregates, sand and cement can be measured. In the physical significance, the data calculated in X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electronic Microscope was discussed. The contact between the Steel Fiber and graphite is improved to make electrically conductive concrete. The strength is gained continuously till 3% where the maximum strength is gained which is 9.77% higher than the strength achieved by controlled sample. The control sample achieved 26.60MPa, with addition of 1% steel fibers the concrete achieved 29.40MPa, further increase in steel fiber content to 2% gained higher strength of 30.50MPa. The maximum compressive strength of 31.50MPa was achieved with the addition of 3% steel fibers. Further increase in steel fiber content resulted in decrease in strength, though 4% steel fiber reinforced concrete achieved 30.70MPa
Significant Factors Affecting Quality and Quality Maximizing Methods of Construction Projects In Outskirt Areas of Afghanistan
Authors: Farhat Khalil Rahman , Rana Abhishek Singh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A project completed according to specific design and including its certain time and plan that called to be ending well project but in general, projects totalize less or outside the pre-planned budget and time because several various factors in the circle of the world all country developing country and developed country via various percentage variance through its predestinated period, On the other hand, that research carried out to study scads significant factors affecting quality and quality improving ways of construction projects in environ region of Afghanistan, on the other word, a questionnaire was expanded according to recognized factors that are obtained according to literature to obtain idea from professionals of construction. The building professionals who have given their responses are consultants/engineers, owners/clients, managers & contractors. The analyses used here are the ranks and Relative Importance Index that has done through the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). However, the questionnaire operated and obtained and at the end of this survey analysis top ten effectible factors which affecting quality of construction projects and five main quality improvement methods were identified which will improve the quality. The top ten affecting quality factors are: Corruption during implementation of projects, Security challenge during the implementation of projects, Negligible testing and inspection, Little technical knowledge of Contractors, Material delivered to site with poor quality, Inadequate site supervision, Lack of quality assurance, Shortage of Skilled Manpower, Poor planning and scheduling, Lack of strategic planning. Five qualities, maximizing methods are High experience technical team appointment, Site management and supervision, properly structured, Experienced and skilled Contractor’s staff, Staff of supervision must be skilled and experienced, High experience labor using.
Finite Element Modeling of Tension Stiffening and Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Components: State of Art
Authors: Seema  , Tiwary Aditya Kumar , Zandonini R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The scientific community has been debating the vulnerability of structures to progressive collapse and how to mitigate the impact of local damages leading to un-proportional collapse. Recent tragedies have highlighted the necessity for particular design requirements to provide appropriate safety levels against progressive collapse as a result of damages caused by unusual loads. The performance of composite and reinforced concrete components in the realm of large displacements is presently the focus of study. The behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) components, as well as the finite element model used to simulate RC parts under tension, were critically examined. This has aided in the understanding of concrete’s non-negligible contribution to tension stiffening response up to failure, particularly in the case of composite constructions with discontinuous geometry. The extensive study of literature provided insight into various modelling techniques and advised that experimental and numerical research be used to enhance diverse possibilities of model exploration.
Enhancement of antioxidant activity of kencur rhizome in the shade by potassium fertilizer
Authors: Zaini F , R Friska AR , Mustika D M , Tyasmoro S Y , Saitama A , Zaini A H , Widaryanto E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Abstracts. Kencur has been traditionally used as a medical plant for a long time. The potential content of kencur rhizomes as a medical plant lead to the idea of conducting a study that aims to determine the yield and antioxidant content of rhizomes cultivated in the shade and the effect of potassium fertilizer application. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage was kencur cultivation in the AgroTechno-Park UB in Jatikerto from November 2020 to June 2021 designed according to the Split-split plot design (3 factor treatments). The main factor was the shade, sub plots were accession of kencur, and t doses of potassium fertilizer. The second stage was conducted in the Plant Physiology Laboratory to analyze the antioxidant content after the field experiment. The results showed that there was increased antioxidant activity in kencur rhizomes due to the use of potassium fertilizer and shade. The 25% shade produced higher antioxidants than 50% shade in both Lumajang and Nganjuk’s accessions.
Economic and environmental studies of conservation agriculture on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Lastariningsih E , Sjah T , Tanaya I G L P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agricultural development needs to pay attention to environmental issue since the economic only focus of the development threatens. One of the moves into this environmental awareness is by practicing conservation agriculture. This paper aims to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of implementing conservation agriculture practices which is implemented with the application of manure, mulch of previous crop residue and legumes as cover crop comparing to non conservation agriculture which is implemented high chemical fertilizer, herbicide, no mulch and plants only maize on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Economic and environmental impacts of conservation agriculture are identified by comparing conservation agriculture with non-conservation agriculture practices. Data were collected through observations by researchers, farmers, and extension workers. The primary data are accompanied by data from secondary sources, such as literatures and research reports. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, providing figures as well as descriptive explanation. The result of analysis showed that Conservation agriculture, implemented with the application of manure and mulch of previous crop residues, economically was able to reduce the purchase of herbicides and chemical fertilizer, save labor costs and time in plant maintenance. Conservation agriculture practice is environmentally friendly because was able to reduce air pollution, retain groundwater and add soil organic matter. In addition, farmers income increase in conservation agriculture through diversification of crop production and savings in production cost. The positive impact of conservation agriculture, economically and environmentally leads to the recommendation to expand the practice of conservation agriculture, in the location or elsewhere.
Foliar Organic Fertilizer Enhanced Growth, Yield and Carotenoid Content of Carrot Plants (Daucus carota L.) Cultivated in the Lowland
Authors: Nikmatullah A , Samudra G G , Zawani K , Muslim K , Nairfana I , Sarjan M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Carrot is an increasingly important root vegetable in Indonesia, and it is commonly served as cooked mixed-vegetables or consumed freshly as salads or juices. Therefore, development of eco-friendly cultivation technology, including in lowlands, is important to meet the increased demand. This research analysed growth and yield of carrot plant in lowland in response to foliar-organic-fertilization as well as characterized the quality, carotenoid and sugar contents as well as hardness of the taproot. A Randomized completely block design (an RCBD) experiments was conducted in Bagik Polak Village, Labuapi District of West Lombok Regency (at ca. 45 m above mean sea level/amsl) from June to October 2020. During the cource of the experiment, the carrot plants were treated with 6 concentration of foliar organic fertilizer, that were 0 ml/L (K0), 5 ml/L (K1), 10 ml/L (K2), 15 ml/L (K3), 20 ml/L (k4) dan 25 ml/L (K5). There was no chemical fertilization added to the plots, but chicken manure of 20 tons/ha was equally given to all treatments. Application of foliar organic fertilizer increased growth and yield of the carrot plant by increasing physiological responses of the carrot plant as shown by a decrease ratio of above to below ground biomass and increase in the leaf chlorophyll content. Interestingly, application of foliar organic fertilizer enhanced the sweetness, carotenoid contents of the carrot taproots compared to the control plants.
Agronomic response of kangkung plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients
Authors: Sudantha I M , Suwardji  , Sriwarthini N L P N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) is water spinach typical of Lombok Island, Indonesia with a crunchy texture and distinctive taste. It is very easy to be cultivated in the home garden organically in soil media, also to be planted hydroponically and aquaponically. Hydroponic system cultivation is the cultivation of plants by utilizing water without using soil with an emphasis on meeting the nutritional needs of plants. One of the nutrients that has good prospects is the Trichoderma bionutrient which is made from a mixture of bioactivator and biourin. The purpose of this study was to determine the agronomic response of water spinach plants typical of Lombok Island with a hydroponic system treated with Trichoderma bionutrients. The study used an experimental method carried out in a plastic house with a hydroponic system. The study used a completely randomized design with hydroponic nutrition treatment consisting of 6 levels, namely: without bionutrients, with bioactivator bionutrients, with biourin bionutrients, with a mixture of bioactivator and biourin, with AB mix nutrition, with a mixture of Trichoderma bionutrients and Ab mix nutrients. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with a mixture of bionutrients with a mixture of bioactivators and Trichoderma biourin was as good as AB mix nutrition in promoting growth and wet weight of kangkung typical of Lombok Island.
Screening of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza
Authors: Saryanah N A , Roswanjaya Y P , Himawati S , Sulastri  , Bidara I S , Iskandar D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bacterial endophyte and rhizobacteria were reported to associate with medicinal plants including Zingiberaceae plants and involved in growth promotion. These beneficial bacteria are promising candidates as biostimulants because of their ability in promoting plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the activity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) in promoting rice seedling and Javanese turmeric growth. Fifty-seven of 150 total bacterial isolates with negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity reactions were characterized to investigate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Ten selected bacteria (two bacterial endophytes and eight rhizobacteria) with multiple PGP traits were inoculated to rice seed with seed treatment and inoculated to Javanese turmeric rhizome with seed treatment and seed treatment+soil soil drenching. Our results showed that bacterial isolates tested on rice seed promoted rice seedling growth significantly. A total of five, three, six, and three bacterial isolates could increase leaf number, root length, fresh shoot weight, and fresh root weight of rice seedling (p<0.05), respectively. In contrast, all of the bacterial isolates tested on Javanese turmeric rhizomes showed a non-significant effect on the plant growth. Further studies should be considered to investigate the effect of formulated potential bacterial isolates with different application frequencies and environmental conditions on the harvest yield of rice and Javanese turmeric as well as active compounds of Javanese turmeric.
Current status of taro (Colocasia esculenta) utilization as local food diversification toward climate resilience in Indonesia
Authors: Maretta D , Sobir  , Helianti I , Purwono  , Santosa E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is a tropical country that experiences the impact of climate change. The utilization of taro as an amphibian crop might sustain the food availability for the most vulnerable farmers against the negative impact of climate change. The study aims to evaluate the current status of taro utilization and production as local food concerning food diversification, sustainable agriculture, and climate change issues. Data were obtained from a focus group discussion with primary stakeholders of the taro value chain and literature review. Results show that taro is an important secondary food in some regions with three main uses as local consumption, local trading, and export. Prominent taro consumers existed in West Papua, Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi Provinces with consumption rates 10.6, 5.3, 2.2, and 2.0 kg/capita/year, respectively. Taro was intensively cultivated in Banten, West Java, and South Sulawesi provinces, for fresh and processed products. The respondents agree with taro as a prospective adaptive crop to climate change of both drought and excess precipitation. There are some issues in the biodiversity conservation, crop improvement, link-match industry, and stakeholder capacity building for competitive, quality, quantity, and sustainable production, as future works in the taro value chain in Indonesia.