bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why criminal penalty has to be a penalty
Authors: Шеслер Александр Викторович 
Published: September 2021

В статье обосновывается необходимость указать в ст. 43 УК РФ на карательный характер наказания. Отмечается, что придание наказанию карательного характера сыграло положительную роль в практике применения уголовных наказаний. Подчеркивается важное значение талиона, с которого началась эволюция уголовного наказания, связанная с ограничением наказаний по интенсивности, продолжительности и кругу лиц. Делается вывод о том, что указание в уголовном законе на карательный характер уголовного наказания позволить установить критерий, отличающий наказание от иных мер уголовно-правового характера, закрепленных в гл. 15 УК РФ. Подчеркивается, что акцентирование законодателем внимания на карательном характера наказания позволит превратить перечень наказаний, определенный в ст. 44 УК РФ, в систему наказаний, так как появится критерий, измеряющий верхний предел конкретного вида наказания, за который оно не должно переходить, чтобы не перерасти в более суровый вид наказания. Обосновывается влияние карательного характера наказания на реализацию закрепленного в уголовном законе принципа справедливости.
Need to specify in Article 43 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on the retaliatory nature of punishment is proved in article. It is noted that giving to punishment of retaliatory character played a positive role in practice of application of criminal penalties. The importance of a talion with which the evolution of criminal penalty connected with restriction of punishments on intensity, duration and a circle of people began is emphasized. The conclusion that the instruction in the criminal law on the retaliatory nature of criminal penalty to allow to establish the criterion distinguishing punishment from other measures of criminal character enshrined in Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is drawn. It is emphasized that emphasis by the legislator of attention on retaliatory the nature of punishment will allow to turn the list of punishments defined in Article 44 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in the system of punishments as there will be a criterion measuring the top limit of punishment of a concrete type out of which it should not pass not to develop into more severe type of punishment. Influence of retaliatory nature of punishment on realization of the principle of justice enshrined in the criminal law is proved.
MENINGKATKAN NILAI MORAL KEAGAMAAN MELALUI METODE BERSYAIR ISLAMI di KELOMPOK A2 RA AL-MOURKY KECMATAN TELAGA KABUPATEN GORONTALO
Authors: Sahu Fahmi Mahnularha , Indriani  
Published: September 2021

Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan di RA Almourky Kecamatan Telaga Kabupaten Gorontalo didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai moral anak masih kurang optimal terutama antara siswa dengan teman sebayanya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam permasalahan ini ada beberapa metode yang sudah digunakan dalam pembelajaran yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan anak salah satunya adalah metode bercerita, bernyanyi dan mengucap syair, meskipun sudah digunakan belum menunjukan nilai moral agama pada anak meningkat secara optimal. Tujuani penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana nilai moral keagamaan dalam bersyair islami. Metode yang di gunakan oleh peneliti yakni metode kulaitatif.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan melalui metode bersyair islamiproses penerapan metode beryair islami untuk meningkatkan nilai moral keagamaan di RA Al-Mourky pertama dalam pengucapan syair anak ajarkan empat bait terlebih dahulu setelah anak sudah bisa menghafalnya satu bait guru akan mengajarkan bait selanjutnya, adapun faktor penghabatnya yaitu ada anak yang terlambat, pengucapan dan kerjamsa anatara guru dengan orang tua.
Kesimpulannya dari penelitian bahwa sebagain anak sudah menerapkan nilai moral keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Saran sebaiknya guru lebih kreatif dalam merancang kegiatan pembelajaran agar anak tidak merasa bosan saat pemebelajaran berlangsung dan lebih banyak belajar dalam pengucapan syair.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI ORANG TUA TERHADAP PERILAKU ANAK DI SDN 73 KOTA TIMUR KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Mujianti  , Karmila Iskandar  
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah yakni Apakah ada pengaruh komunikasi orang tua terhadap perilaku anak di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo dan seberapa besar pengaruh komunikasi orang tua terhadap perilaku anak di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisisnya pada data-data numerical (angka) yang diolah dengan menggunakan metode statistika, untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam mengenai Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Anak Di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 176 orang. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan observasi, angket dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan tabel Coefficient maka pada kolom Unstandardized Coefficient, nilai X (Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua) sebesar 0.911 dan nilai thitungnya sebesar 13.578 Dengan dk (derajat kebebasan)= n-2=40-2=38 dan α=0.05, sehingga diperoleh nilai ttabel=2.024 sehingga nilai thitung>ttabel atau, 13.578>2.024 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, yang berarti koefisen regresi berpengaruh secara signifikan. Dengan demikian terbukti berdasarkan Uji t bahwa pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua (X) berpengaruh Secara signifikan terhadap perilaku anak (Y) Di SDN 73 Kota Timur Kota Gorontalo. Pada Model summary dapat dilihat nilai R-Squarenya adalah 0.829 yang berarti bahwa pengaruh variabel X (Pengaruh Komunikasi Orang Tua) terhadap variabel Y (Perilaku Anak) sebesar 82,9%, pengaruh variabel lainnya adalah 17,1% yang merupakan pengaruh dari luar.
MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS MENULIS CERPEN MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI MI AL-MUKHLISIN KECAMATAN TILAMUTA KABUPATEN BOALEMO
Authors: Verawati  , Al Junaid Bakari  
Published: September 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis bagaimana mengembangkan kreativitas menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. (2) menganalisis apa kendala dalam mengembangkan kreativita menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. Dan (3) untuk memberikan solusi dalam mengembangkan kreativitas menulis cerpen melalui media gambar pada peserta didik di MI Al-Mukhlisin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan rancangan lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan metode, model bahkan media gambar merupakan kreativitas pendidik dalam mengembangkan kreativitas peserta didik terutama dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia khususnya menulis cerita pendek. Kendala dalam mengembangkan kreativitas menulis antara lain: kurangnya kompetensi guru, kurangnya media, dan minimnya buku pelajaran untuk peserta didik.
¿Qué naturaleza de la ciencia se presenta en los libros de química para la educación secundariaen América Latina?
Authors: Amador-Rodríguez Rafael , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín 
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal caracterizar las concepciones de naturaleza de la ciencia (NOS) que se promueven en libros de química para la educación secundaria de cuatro países latinoamericanos. El enfoque metodológico fue cualitativo y para el análisis se utilizaron como categorías diez aspectos de la actividad científica («tópicos de la filosofía de la ciencia»), modelizados desde cinco corrientes de la filosofía de la ciencia del siglo xx. Los resultados permiten afirmar que las concepciones de NOS en cada libro de texto analizado no provienen de una única corriente epistemológica. Hemos clasificado la NOS que se enseña en los libros de química en tres categorías: positivista, positivista ampliada y ecléctica.
flotabilidad a examen en las aulas de infantil. Evaluación del nivel de guía del docente
Authors: Paños Esther , Martínez Rodenas Paula , Ruiz-Gallardo José Reyes 
Published: September 2021

El trabajo analiza las ideas de los escolares de 4-5 años sobre flotabilidad y los aprendizajes generados por dos tipos de intervención que difieren en el nivel de guía: enseñanza receptiva (ER) y ER más instrucción explícita (ERIE). Los participantes tienen, inicialmente, dificultades para conceptualizar la flotabilidad, ideas contradictorias y carencias en la resolución de problemas sobre este fenómeno. Consideran el factor peso como prioritario para que un objeto flote o se hunda. La intervención mejora la capacidad de descripción y de resolver diferentes situaciones sobre flotabilidad, aunque significativamente más en los grupos que siguen una metodología de tipo ERIE. Separados por edad (4 y 5 años), la influencia de la guía es más acusada en los menores. Se concluye que la instrucción explícita en la enseñanza de fenómenos científicos debe considerarse a la hora de programar las actividades.
Oberammergau Pilot Action Region: Mountain Forest Initiative (BWO)
Authors: Eisele Helena , Schreiber Roland , Stöger Anne 
Published: September 2021

Natural hazards caused by climate change pose a permanent threat to the inhabitants of the Alpine Space. In addition to technical protection measures, forests are very often the key to permanent and cost-effective protection against these hazards. In the Mountain Forest initiative (BWO) of the Bavarian state government, launched more than 10 years ago, suitable measures for the preservation of protective forest are discussed and, if possible, decided by consensus in on-site round tables with all involved interest groups. Only a functioning interaction between the different actors in the Alpine Space will contribute towards the set objective of integrating forests and ecosystem services in risk governance and balancing the numerous interests, demands and costs. Using the example of the Oberammergau Pilot Action Region (PAR), the process and implementation of the BWO is presented against a background of more than 10 years of experience. At the beginning, the identification of stakeholders and the overall goal and expectations of the participatory process (technical issues, trust and community building) is clarified. After a detailed actor analysis, the moderated participatory process is described.
The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador
Authors: Fernández Palomeque Efrén , Rojas Hiedra Diego , Cordero Daniel , Espinoza Martín 
Published: September 2021

Hybrid car sales in Ecuador in the last 10 years are very promising. The presence of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in the country generates an increase in nickel metal hydride batteries used (NiHm), these batteries do not follow an adequate recycling and disposal process. Several studies show that these batteries have energy levels and that they can be reused in other applications outside of the car as a power supply. This option of using recovered batteries is known as the second life of the battery (SLB). The reuse of batteries generates options to supply power on a large scale and with this reduce the pollution that these batteries can generate, especially in our country that does not have an optimal recycling process. This chapter presents the design of a methodology for the implementation of second life in Ecuador considering the use of NiHm batteries in HEV. For the design of the methodology, two possible scenarios for its implementation are analyzed. Scenario 1 is the use of NiHm batteries to supply energy to laboratories of a University in the city of Cuenca and scenario 2 shows the use of NiHm batteries as an additional energy source at the Airport of Santa Cruz present in the Galapagos Islands.
High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Matt Daniel , Boubaker Nadhem , Aitakkache Mourad , Enrici Philippe , Huselstein Jean-Jacques , Martire Thierry 
Published: September 2021

Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.
An Analysis of Remote Sensing Data to Evaluate the Problem of Atmospheric Aerosol Pollution in Africa
Authors: Rushingabigwi Gerard , Twizere Celestin , Nsengiyumva Philibert , De Dieu Ntawangaheza Jean , Sun Liguo 
Published: September 2021

The particulate matter (PM) directly endangers the human health. Remotely sensed tiny atmospheric particles, aerosols, are presented in this research as atmospheric air pollutants. Globally overviewed for the first instances, and then a focus put on Africa and Asia, the selected aerosols are fine particulates (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and Sulfate (SO4). According to the existing literature, the motivation to research on air pollutants came from the fact that the polluted air globally kills many people, by attacking cardiovascular system. The online accessible remote sensing’s data has been mostly collected from the second version of modern era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2), a model selected for its update as well as the fact that its data are directly assimilated from the most renown remote sensors: Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR). MERRA-2 also compiles data from different aerosol robotic networks (AERONETs). With a vast region of interest, and considering the big temporal resolution, reduced spatio-temporal resolutions facilitated the focused research. Goddard interactive online visualization and analysis infrastructure (GIOVANNI) bridged our research objectives with the data; Geographical Information Systems (Arc GIS) is a main software tool. Map-based as well as time series results for PM2.5 and other atmospheric air pollutants are presented; health dangers associated with the dust from erstwhile research highlighted. Finding that the annually-averaged mass concentration of the dust’s PM2.5 is significantly greater than the mean recommended concentration, 25 μg/m3, in all the seasons of the center of the research region of interest (Africa), this research recommends further research on dust aerosols mitigation strategies, during the seasons of heaviest air pollutants in particular.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Solvent Effects on Electronic Transition Energies of Porphyrins
Authors: Aydin Metin 
Published: September 2021

We have calculated the solvent effects on the ground state and the lowest triplet state absorption spectra of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) and their diprotonated forms (H4TPP and H4TSPP) in thirty-nine different solvent using time-dependent-DFT density functional theory (TD-DFT) coupled with CPCM method. The results of the calculations show that the Q-bands and Soret-bands (or B-bands) in the absorption spectra of these compounds substantially change as function of solvent dielectric constant (ε) up to 20.493 (acetone), but become stabile in high polar solvents with dielectric constants ε > 20. The relative shifts in the B-bands are more significant than that in the Q-bands. The magnitude of the shifts in the spectral position of the Q and B bands are in the following order: H4TSPP > H4TPP > TPP > TSPP for the B-bands and H4TSPP > H4TPP > TSPP > TPP for the Q-bands. We also have determined that the energy-gaps between the B/Q-bands and their nearest triplet states are also solvent dependent for ε < ~ 20.493.
Angiopoietins as Targets for Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment
Authors: M. Ciulla Lauren , A. Patel Nimesh , A. Yannuzzi Nicolas , M. Hussain Rehan 
Published: September 2021

Diabetic eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are among the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. Anti-VEGF therapies such as, ranibizumab, aflibercept and off-label bevacizumab have become first-line treatment for DME. While randomized controlled trials show significant improvement in vision, these anti-VEGF agents have limited durability leading to a significant treatment burden, as reflected in real-world studies, which generally demonstrate under-treatment and less favorable visual acuity outcomes than observed in prospective trials. Alternative pathways, such as the Tie-2 angiopoietin pathway may address unmet needs, with potential for greater efficacy or durability when compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy. While some Tie-2 angiopoietin therapeutic agents, such as nesvacumab, ARP-1536 or AKB-9778, did not meet primary endpoints in clinical trials, other agents have shown promise. One such agent is faricimab, a bispecific antibody inhibiting both VEGF-A and Ang-2. The phase 3 DME trials (YOSEMITE and RHINE) demonstrated favorable safety, visual, and durability outcomes; patients receiving faricimab injection every 4 months achieved similar visual gains as those receiving aflibercept injection every 2 months. Another agent, AXT107 is a peptide that inhibits VEGFR2 and modifies Ang-2 to behave more similarly to Ang-1, promoting vascular stability. This drug is currently undergoing phase 1/2a trials for safety and bioactivity to be completed in May 2022.
Maxillary Sinus in Dental Implantology
Authors: Uzunov Nikolay , Bozhikova Elena 
Published: September 2021

Dental implants have significantly increased prosthetic options for the edentulous patient. Implant placement in the posterior maxilla may often be hampered due to anatomical limitations, inadequate height and width, and poor bone quality. After tooth extraction, three-dimensional physiological resorption and sinus expansion take place and reduce the volume of the alveolar ridge. The concomitant actions of alveolar atrophy and sinus pneumatization reconstruct the subantral alveolar segment into a low, shallow, and sloped ridge which is incapable to accommodate dental implants and bear the functional strains. Advanced maxillary resorption can be managed by several surgical options, the most popular of which is maxillary sinus floor elevation. The chapter discusses recent advancements in bone biology and biomechanics in the light of alveolar atrophy and the impact of anatomy on maxillary sinus floor elevation as a treatment modality for the partially or totally edentulous patient.
Natur"syn"
Authors: Olwig Kenneth R. 
Published: September 2021

Metaforer kan vare bade oplysende og „formorkende“. Udtryk som „perspektiver pa
naturen" eller „synspunkter pa naturen" virker ganske harmlose. „Det er jo bare
talemader," siger vi. Alligevel former sadanne udtryk vores tankning, subtilt og ubemarket.
Metaforer er oplysende, nar de letter vores tankning. Nar vi ikke bare tanker
med dem, men over dem. Nar de hjalper os til at tanke over tingene pa en ny made, til at
tanke det, der forhen var utankeligt. Pa den anden side er metaforer „ormorkende", nar
vi tager dem sa meget for givet, at vi ikke gennemskuer dem. Sa kan de strukturere vores
tanker pa mader, der undgar vores opmarksomhed og vor kritiske dommekraft.
Udtryk som „perspektiver" og „synspunkter" har en sarlig betydning, nar de bruges
om naturopfattelsen. De indebarer den simple handling, det er at se pa en bestemt
genstand fra forskellige vinkler. Men de er ogsa en fast bestanddel af selve den proces,
hvorigennem naturen blev omdefineret og konstrueret som landskab, i den moderne
(engelske) betydning som „scene", „udsigt" eller „prospekt" (se definition i appendiks).
Naturen matte forst konstrueres som noget - som landskab - der kunne opfattes ved at
anskue det fra et bestemt punkt, en bestemt vinkel, et bestemt perspektiv, for der ville
vare fornuft i at bruge udtrykket „perspektiver pa naturen", „synspunkter pa naturen"
osv.
Hvad sygeplejersker ser, når de ser en patient. Om synet i en verden af kroppe
Authors: Hansen Helle Ploug 
Published: September 2021

Det var en chokerende oplevelse at starte feltarbejde pa en kraftafdeling pa et
universitetshospital i Kobenhavns omegn. Godt nok havde jeg mange ar tidligere
arbejdet som sygeplejerske pa forskellige hospitalsafdelinger og der passet og plejet
patienter med kraft, men aldrig pa en hojt specialiseret medicinsk kraftafdeling som
denne. Her er unge og voksne mand og kvinder indlagt til diverse udredningsundersogelser,
til aktiv behandling med kemoterapi, straleterapi eller implantationsterapi.
Afdelingen modtager ogsa patienter, der far komplikationer til behandlingen, fx
mangel pa hvide blodlegemer, mundbetandelse, diarre, opkastninger, smerter, blodning,
temperaturforhojelse, eller behandlingskravende komplikationer til sygdommen, fx
hjememetastaser og tarmslyng. Endelig kan patienter indlagges pa grund af behov for
sygepleje, nar den aktive behandling er ophort.
,,... Hvor er mit fædreland dog hyggeligt"
Authors: Sampson Steven 
Published: September 2021

Artiklens titel, en linie fra et bidrag til den nationale sangkonkurrence i 1818, indeholder
flere sporgsmal, der kan stilles i forlangelse af studiet af, hvad det er at vare dansk.
Hvem ville bidrage med sadanne udtryksformer som sange? Hvornar skabtes ideen om et
egentligt fadreland og hvem identificerede sig med det? Hvilken slags egenskaber
identificerede man som specifikt danske? Disse sporgsmal om hvem, hvad, hvor, hvornar
og til dels hvorfor, behandles af en gruppe pa 12 forskere, ledet af professor Ole
Feldbak fra Institut For Samtidshistorie. De fire binds 2154 sider indeholder 20 forskellige
artikler, som hver isar kan lases selvstandigt.
Batsheva Bonne-Tamir & Avinoam Adam (eds.): Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level
Authors: Tidgen Marianne B. 
Published: September 2021

Batsheva Bonne-Tamir & Avinoam Adam (eds.): Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level
Anmeldes af Marianne B. Tidgen