bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial resistance from aquaculture and fisheries in Asia
Authors: Schar Daniel , Zhao Cheng , Wang Yu , Larsson D. G. Joakim , Gilbert Marius , Van Boeckel Thomas P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. However, in aquatic animals—the fastest growing food animal sector globally—AMR trends are seldom documented, particularly in Asia, which contributes two-thirds of global food fish production. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of 749 point prevalence surveys reporting antibiotic-resistant bacteria from aquatic food animals in Asia, extracted from 343 articles published in 2000–2019. We find concerning levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials in foodborne pathogens. In aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds per survey with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) plateaued at 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 28 to 37%] between 2000 and 2018. In fisheries, P50 decreased from 52% [95% CI 39 to 65%] to 22% [95% CI 14 to 30%]. We map AMR at 10-kilometer resolution, finding resistance hotspots along Asia’s major river systems and coastal waters of China and India. Regions benefitting most from future surveillance efforts are eastern China and India. Scaling up surveillance to strengthen epidemiological evidence on AMR and inform aquaculture and fisheries interventions is needed to mitigate the impact of AMR globally.
A randomized controlled trial of pharmacist-led therapeutic carbohydrate and energy restriction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Durrer Cody , McKelvey Sean , Singer Joel , Batterham Alan M. , Johnson James D. , Gudmundson Kelsey , Wortman Jay , Little Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes can be treated, and sometimes reversed, with dietary interventions; however, strategies to implement these interventions while addressing medication changes are lacking. We conducted a 12-week pragmatic, community-based parallel-group randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03181165) evaluating the effect of a low-carbohydrate (<50 g), energy-restricted diet (~850-1100 kcal/day; Pharm-TCR; n = 98) compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 90), delivered by community pharmacists, on glucose-lowering medication use, cardiometabolic health, and health-related quality of life. The Pharm-TCR intervention was effective in reducing the need for glucose-lowering medications through complete discontinuation of medications (35.7%; n = 35 vs. 0%; n = 0 in TAU; p < 0.0001) and reduced medication effect score compared to TAU. These reductions occurred concurrently with clinically meaningful improvements in hemoglobin A1C, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and triglycerides (all p < 0.0001). These data indicate community pharmacists are a viable and innovative option for implementing short-term nutritional interventions for people with type 2 diabetes, particularly when medication management is a safety concern.
Geometric and biomechanical modeling aided by machine learning improves the prediction of growth and rupture of small abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Lindquist Liljeqvist Moritz , Bogdanovic Marko , Siika Antti , Gasser T. Christian , Hultgren Rebecka , Roy Joy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt remains difficult to predict when which patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) will require surgery. The aim was to study the accuracy of geometric and biomechanical analysis of small AAAs to predict reaching the threshold for surgery, diameter growth rate and rupture or symptomatic aneurysm. 189 patients with AAAs of diameters 40–50 mm were included, 161 had undergone two CTAs. Geometric and biomechanical variables were used in prediction modelling. Classifications were evaluated with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and regressions with correlation between observed and predicted growth rates. Compared with the baseline clinical diameter, geometric-biomechanical analysis improved prediction of reaching surgical threshold within four years (AUC 0.80 vs 0.85, p = 0.031) and prediction of diameter growth rate (r = 0.17 vs r = 0.38, p = 0.0031), mainly due to the addition of semiautomatic diameter measurements. There was a trend towards increased precision of volume growth rate prediction (r = 0.37 vs r = 0.45, p = 0.081). Lumen diameter and biomechanical indices were the only variables that could predict future rupture or symptomatic AAA (AUCs 0.65–0.67). Enhanced precision of diameter measurements improves the prediction of reaching the surgical threshold and diameter growth rate, while lumen diameter and biomechanical analysis predicts rupture or symptomatic AAA.
Numerical model of the spatio-temporal dynamics in a water strider group
Authors: Kovalev Alexander , Filippov Alexander E. , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe water strider group demonstrates a very complex dynamics consisting of competition for the food items, territoriality and aggression to the conspecific individuals, escaping from the predators, etc. The situation is even more complex due to the presence of different instars, which in most water strider species live in the same habitat and occupy the same niche. The presented swarm model of water striders demonstrates the realistic population dynamics. For the swarm formation in the model, attraction and repulsion forces were used. Animal motion in the model takes into account inertia and kinetic energy dissipation effects. The model includes three different rates related to the growth of individuals: food appearance rate, food assimilation rate, and stored energy loss rate. The results of our modeling show that the size distribution of individuals seems to be an adequate measure for population status, and it has a characteristic shape for different model parameter combinations. Distribution of the distances between nearest neighbors is other important measure of the population density and its dynamics. Parameters of the model can be tuned in such a way, that the shape of both distributions in a steady phase coincides with that shape observed in a natural population, which helps to understand the factors leading to particular momentary distribution of both parameters (size and distance) in the population. From this point of view, the model can predict how both distributions can further develop from certain state depending on particular combination of factors.
Linear analysis of Atwood number effects on shear instability in the elastic–plastic solids
Authors: Wang Xi , Hu Xiao-Mian , Wang Sheng-Tao , Pan Hao , Yin Jian-Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe evolution of shear instability between elastic–plastic solid and ideal fluid which is concerned in oblique impact is studied by developing an approximate linear theoretical model. With the velocities expressed by the velocity potentials from the incompressible and irrotational continuity equations and the pressures obtained by integrating momentum equations with arbitrary densities, the motion equations of the interface amplitude are deduced by considering the continuity of normal velocities and the force equilibrium with the perfectly elastic–plastic properties of solid at interface. The completely analytical formulas of the growth rate and the amplitude evolution are achieved by solving the motion equations. Consistent results are performed by the model and 2D Lagrange simulations. The characteristics of the amplitude development and Atwood number effects on the growth are discussed. The growth of the amplitude is suppressed by elastic–plastic properties of solids in purely elastic stage or after elastic–plastic transition, and the amplitude oscillates if the interface is stable. The system varies from stable to unstable state as Atwood number decreasing. For large Atwood number, elastic–plastic properties play a dominant role on the interface evolution which may influence the formation of the wavy morphology of the interface while metallic plates are suffering obliquely impact.
Self-care tooling innovation in a disabled kea (Nestor notabilis)
Authors: Bastos Amalia P. M. , Horváth Kata , Webb Jonathan L. , Wood Patrick M. , Taylor Alex H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTooling is associated with complex cognitive abilities, occurring most regularly in large-brained mammals and birds. Among birds, self-care tooling is seemingly rare in the wild, despite several anecdotal reports of this behaviour in captive parrots. Here, we show that Bruce, a disabled parrot lacking his top mandible, deliberately uses pebbles to preen himself. Evidence for this behaviour comes from five lines of evidence: (i) in over 90% of instances where Bruce picked up a pebble, he then used it to preen; (ii) in 95% of instances where Bruce dropped a pebble, he retrieved this pebble, or replaced it, in order to resume preening; (iii) Bruce selected pebbles of a specific size for preening rather than randomly sampling available pebbles in his environment; (iv) no other kea in his environment used pebbles for preening; and (v) when other individuals did interact with stones, they used stones of different sizes to those Bruce preened with. Our study provides novel and empirical evidence for deliberate self-care tooling in a bird species where tooling is not a species-specific behaviour. It also supports claims that tooling can be innovated based on ecological necessity by species with sufficiently domain-general cognition.
Temperature dependence of the microwave dielectric properties of $$\gamma$$-aminobutyric acid
Authors: Hou Jie , Abie Sisay Mebre , Strand-Amundsen Runar , Galperin Yuri M. , Bergli Joakim , Schuelke Christin , Hashemizadeh Sina , Martinsen Ørjan Grøttem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe GABA molecule is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Through binding to post-synaptic neurons, GABA reduces the neuronal excitability by hyperpolarization. Correct binding between the GABA molecules and its receptors relies on molecular recognition. Earlier studies suggest that recognition is determined by the geometries of the molecule and its receptor. We employed dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) to study the conformation and dielectric properties of the GABA molecule under physiologically relevant laboratory conditions. The dielectric properties of GABA investigated have given us new insights about the GABA molecule, such as how they interact with each other and with water molecules at different temperatures (22°C and 37.5°C). Higher temperature leads to lower viscosity, thus lower relaxation time. The change in the GABA relaxation time due to concentration change is more associated with the solution viscosity than with the GABA dipole moment. A resonance behavior was observed with high GABA concentrations at physiological temperature, where there might be a phase transition at a certain temperature for a given GABA concentration that leads to a sudden change of the dielectric properties.
Phosphopantetheinyl transferase binding and inhibition by amidino-urea and hydroxypyrimidinethione compounds
Authors: Carivenc Coralie , Maveyraud Laurent , Blanger Claire , Ballereau Stéphanie , Roy-Camille Coralie , Nguyen Minh Chau , Génisson Yves , Guilhot Christophe , Chalut Christian , Pedelacq Jean-Denis , Mourey Lionel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOwing to their role in activating enzymes essential for bacterial viability and pathogenicity, phosphopantetheinyl transferases represent novel and attractive drug targets. In this work, we examined the inhibitory effect of the aminido-urea 8918 compound against the phosphopantetheinyl transferases PptAb fromMycobacterium abscessusand PcpS fromPseudomonas aeruginosa,two pathogenic bacteria associated with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, respectively. Compound 8918 exhibits inhibitory activity against PptAb but displays no activity against PcpS in vitro, while no antimicrobial activity againstMycobacterium abscessusorPseudomonas aeruginosacould be detected. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 8918 bound to PptAb-CoA alone and in complex with an acyl carrier protein domain in addition to the crystal structure of PcpS in complex with CoA revealed the structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of PptAb by 8918 and its ineffectiveness against PcpS. Finally,in crystalloscreening of potent inhibitors from the National Cancer Institute library identified a hydroxypyrimidinethione derivative that binds PptAb. Both compounds could serve as scaffolds for the future development of phosphopantetheinyl transferases inhibitors.
Robust neuromorphic coupled oscillators for adaptive pacemakers
Authors: Krause Renate , van Bavel Joanne J. A. , Wu Chenxi , Vos Marc A. , Nogaret Alain , Indiveri Giacomo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeural coupled oscillators are a useful building block in numerous models and applications. They were analyzed extensively in theoretical studies and more recently in biologically realistic simulations of spiking neural networks. The advent of mixed-signal analog/digital neuromorphic electronic circuits provides new means for implementing neural coupled oscillators on compact, low-power, spiking neural network hardware platforms. However, their implementation on this noisy, low-precision and inhomogeneous computing substrate raises new challenges with regards to stability and controllability. In this work, we present a robust, spiking neural network model of neural coupled oscillators and validate it with an implementation on a mixed-signal neuromorphic processor. We demonstrate its robustness showing how to reliably control and modulate the oscillator’s frequency and phase shift, despite the variability of the silicon synapse and neuron properties. We show how this ultra-low power neural processing system can be used to build an adaptive cardiac pacemaker modulating the heart rate with respect to the respiration phases and compare it with surface ECG and respiratory signal recordings from dogs at rest. The implementation of our model in neuromorphic electronic hardware shows its robustness on a highly variable substrate and extends the toolbox for applications requiring rhythmic outputs such as pacemakers.
Real-time estimation of phase and amplitude with application to neural data
Authors: Rosenblum Michael , Pikovsky Arkady , Kühn Andrea A. , Busch Johannes L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComputation of the instantaneous phase and amplitude via the Hilbert Transform is a powerful tool of data analysis. This approach finds many applications in various science and engineering branches but is not proper for causal estimation because it requires knowledge of the signal’s past and future. However, several problems require real-time estimation of phase and amplitude; an illustrative example is phase-locked or amplitude-dependent stimulation in neuroscience. In this paper, we discuss and compare three causal algorithms that do not rely on the Hilbert Transform but exploit well-known physical phenomena, the synchronization and the resonance. After testing the algorithms on a synthetic data set, we illustrate their performance computing phase and amplitude for the accelerometer tremor measurements and a Parkinsonian patient’s beta-band brain activity.
Targeting chromosome trisomy for chromosome editing
Authors: Abe Takuya , Suzuki Yuya , Ikeya Teppei , Hirota Kouji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA trisomy is a type of aneuploidy characterised by an additional chromosome. The additional chromosome theoretically accepts any kind of changes since it is not necessary for cellular proliferation. This advantage led us to apply two chromosome manipulation methods to autosomal trisomy in chicken DT40 cells. We first corrected chromosome 2 trisomy to disomy by employing counter-selection markers. Upon construction of cells carrying markers targeted in one of the trisomic chromosome 2s, cells that have lost markers integrated in chromosome 2 were subsequently selected. The loss of one of the chromosome 2s had little impacts on the proliferative capacity, indicating unsubstantial role of the additional chromosome 2 in DT40 cells. We next tested large-scale truncations of chromosome 2 to make a mini-chromosome for the assessment of chromosome stability by introducing telomere repeat sequences to delete most of p-arm or q-arm of chromosome 2. The obtained cell lines had 0.7 Mb mini-chromosome, and approximately 0.2% of mini-chromosome was lost per cell division in wild-type background while the rate of chromosome loss was significantly increased by the depletion of DDX11, a cohesin regulatory protein. Collectively, our findings propose that trisomic chromosomes are good targets to make unique artificial chromosomes.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on passive viscoelastic components of the musculoarticular system
Authors: Valle Maria Stella , Casabona Antonino , Di Fazio Eugenia , Crimi Claudia , Russo Cristina , Malaguarnera Lucia , Crimi Nunzio , Cioni Matteo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) produces skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, leading to impairments of exercise performance. The mechanical work needed for movement execution is also provided by the passive tension developed by musculoarticular connective tissue. To verify whether COPD affects this component, the passive viscoelastic properties of the knee joint were evaluated in 11 patients with COPD and in 11 healthy individuals. The levels of stiffness and viscosity were assessed by means of the pendulum test, consisting in a series of passive leg oscillations. In addition, to explore the contribution of passive tension in the mechanical output of a simple motor task, voluntary leg flexion–extension movements were performed. Patients with COPD showed a statistically significant reduction in stiffness and viscosity compared to controls. Voluntary execution of flexion–extension movements revealed that the electromyographic activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris was lower in patients than in controls, and the low viscoelastic tension in the patients conditioned the performance of active movements. These results provide novel insights on the mechanism responsible for the movement impairments associated with COPD.
Probenecid inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Murray Jackelyn , Hogan Robert J. , Martin David E. , Blahunka Kathy , Sancilio Fred D. , Balyan Rajiv , Lovern Mark , Still Richard , Tripp Ralph A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective vaccines are slowing the COVID-19 pandemic, but SARS-CoV-2 will likely remain an issue in the future making it important to have therapeutics to treat patients. There are few options for treating patients with COVID-19. We show probenecid potently blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells and virus replication in a hamster model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that plasma concentrations up to 50-fold higher than the protein binding adjusted IC90 value are achievable for 24 h following a single oral dose. These data support the potential clinical utility of probenecid to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
Design, synthesis, antifungal evaluation, and molecular docking of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing oxime ether and cyclopropyl moieties as potential sterol demethylase inhibitors
Authors: Sun Sheng-Xin , Yan Jing-Hua , Zuo Jiang-Tao , Wang Xiao-Bin , Chen Min , Lu Ai-Min , Yang Chun-Long , Li Guo-Hua 
Published: September 2021

A series of novel triazole derivatives containing oxime ether and cyclopropyl moieties were designed and synthesized. Some compounds exhibited remarkable antifungal activities. The molecular docking of compound 5k with FgCYP51 was investigated.
Two‐level global sensitivity analysis of the excitation contributions leading to acoustic noise in an electric motor for the purpose of robust optimisation
Authors: Jeannerot Martin , Ouisse Morvan , Lanfranchi Vincent , Dupont Jean‐Baptiste , Sadoulet‐Reboul Emeline 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents a sensitivity analysis methodology used for electric motor design. This innovative approach evaluates both global effects of parameter variations in their design range and of parameter deviations in their tolerance intervals on design objectives. For the purpose of robust optimisation, this method helps to select the most influent design parameters and uncertain parameters, which are not necessarily the same. Suitable for any design approach, this method is particularly useful in dealing with objectives defined by non‐linear and non‐regular functions, such as electric motor acoustic criteria. In this study, the method is applied to the sensitivity evaluation of electromagnetic tangential excitations responsible for acoustic emissions in an electric motor. The sensitivity of output mean torque is also investigated. The sensitivity analysis shows that acoustic criteria appear generally more sensitive to parameter deviations than mean torque. Parameter deviations can be even more influent on acoustic criteria than larger parameter variations in their design range. As can be expected from the sensitivity results, the study eventually shows that the acoustic optimisation of the electric motor faces robustness issues.
Renewable energy in Pakistan: Paving the way towards a fully renewables‐based energy system across the power, heat, transport and desalination sectors by 2050
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Gulagi Ashish , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Caldera Upeksha , Breyer Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPakistan is currently undertaking a substantial expansion of electricity generation capacity to provide electricity for all its end‐users and to satisfy a fast‐growing economy. Adoption of low‐cost, abundant and clean renewable energy will not only fulfil its growing electricity, heat, transportation and desalinated water demand but also help achieve the goals set under the Paris Agreement. A technology‐rich energy system model applied in hourly resolution has been used for investigating the transition in 5‐year periods until 2050. This study demonstrates that a 100% renewable energy system across the power, heat, transport and desalination sectors is not only technically feasible but also economically viable. Solar photovoltaics emerges as a key technology to generate electricity and contribute a share of 92% to the total primary energy demand across all sectors by 2050. The levelised cost of energy for a 100% renewable energy system is calculated as 56.1 €/MWh in 2050, lower than 70 €/MWh for the current fossil fuel‐based system. A key feature of Pakistan's future energy system is the huge increase in demand across all energy sectors, particularly for desalinated water, which is almost 19% of the final energy demand. This share of energy for desalination is among the highest in the world. Direct and indirect electrification across all demand sectors increases the efficiency of the future energy system. Moreover, GHG emissions from all the sectors will drop to zero by 2050 in a fully sustainable energy scenario.