bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the fruit microbiome: The key for developing effective biological control strategies for postharvest diseases
Authors: Zhang Hongyin , Serwah Boateng Nana Adwoa , Ngolong Ngea Guillaume Legrand , Shi Yu , Lin Hetong , Yang Qiya , Wang Kaili , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhao Lina , Droby Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFruit‐based diets are recognized for their benefits to human health. The safety of fruit is a global concern for scientists. Fruit microbiome represents the whole microorganisms that are associated with a fruit. These microbes are either found on the surfaces (epiphytes) or in the tissues of the fruit (endophytes). The recent knowledge gained from these microbial communities is considered relevant to the field of biological control in prevention of postharvest fruit pathology. In this study, the importance of the microbiome of certain fruits and how it holds promise for solving the problems inherent in biocontrol and postharvest crop protection are summarized. Research needs on the fruit microbiome are highlighted. Data from DNA sequencing and “meta‐omics” technologies very recently applied to the study of microbial communities of fruits in the postharvest context are also discussed. Various fruit parameters, management practices, and environmental conditions are the main determinants of the microbiome. Microbial communities can be classified according to their structure and function in fruit tissues. A critical mechanism of microbial biological control agents is to reshape and interact with the microbiome of the fruit. The ability to control the microbiome of any fruit is a great potential in postharvest management of fruits. Research on the fruit microbiome offers important opportunities to develop postharvest biocontrol strategies and products, as well as the health profile of the fruit.
Practical in‐storage interventions to control foodborne pathogens on fresh produce
Authors: Sheng Lina , Zhu Mei‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough tremendous efforts have been made to ensure fresh produce safety, various foodborne outbreaks and recalls occur annually. Most of the current intervention strategies are evaluated within a short timeframe (less than 1 h), leaving the behavior of the remaining pathogens unknown during subsequent storages. This review summarized outbreak and recall surveillance data from 2009 to 2018 obtained from government agencies in the United States to identify major safety concerns associated with fresh produce, discussed the postharvest handling of fresh produce and the limitations of current antimicrobial interventions, and reviewed the intervention strategies that have the potential to be applied in each storage stage at the commercial scale. One long‐term (up to 12 months) prepacking storage (apples, pears, citrus among others) and three short‐term (up to 3 months) postpacking storages were identified. During the prepacking storage, continuous application of gaseous ozone at low doses (≤1 ppm) is a feasible option. Proper concentration, adequate circulation, as well as excess gas destruction and ventilation systems are essential to commercial application. At the postpacking storage stages, continuous inhibition can be achieved through controlled release of gaseous chlorine dioxide in packaging, antimicrobial edible coatings, and biocontrol agents. During commercialization, factors that need to be taken into consideration include physicochemical properties of antimicrobials, impacts on fresh produce quality and sensory attributes, recontamination and cross‐contamination, cost, and feasibility of large‐scale production. To improve fresh produce safety and quality during storage, the collaboration between researchers and the fresh produce industry needs to be improved.
Potential impacts of 3D modeling and 3D printing in firearm toolmark examinations
Authors: Li Sun Yi , Turner Jennifer , Golightly Scott , Zelbst Pamela , Yu Jorn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, two gun barrels were 3D‐printed using a metal alloy material from the same 3D digital model created in silico. After assembling the barrels in a reference Colt 45 Auto semi‐automatic pistol, a total of 100 rounds of ammunition were successfully test‐fired through each barrel. Heavy and gross striations were observed on all fired bullets. The striations on bullets discharged from the corresponding 3D‐printed gun barrel were found to be identifiable. Moreover, bullets fired from one 3D‐printed gun barrel were easily excluded from those fired from the other 3D‐printed gun barrel by visual examination under a comparison microscope. The resulting unconventional striations that were observed were apparent to an experienced firearm and toolmark examiner. These features could provide valuable investigative leads related to the 3D printing process. Since 3D printing has become an option for firearm manufacturing, the forensic science community should establish a knowledge base associated with the toolmark features generated by the 3D‐printed products.
Strategic malting barley improvement for craft brewers through consumer sensory evaluation of malt and beer
Authors: Craine Evan B. , Bramwell Stephen , Ross Carolyn F. , Fisk Scott , Murphy Kevin M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmerican craft brewers are targeting barley malt as a novel source of flavor and as a means of differentiation. However, fundamental tools have only recently emerged to aid barley breeders in supporting this effort, such as the hot steep malt sensory method, a wort preparation method recently approved by the American Society of Brewing Chemists for evaluation of extractable malt flavor. The primary objective of this study was to determine if insights into beer liking and sensory attributes can be gained through hot steep malt sensory using an untrained panel of craft beer consumers (n = 95). We evaluated consumer acceptance of hot steep and beer samples of different barley genotypes using a 9‐point hedonic scale, check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA), and open comment during separate sensory panels. Beers brewed with Washington State University breeding lines (n = 4), selected for all‐malt craft brewing, generally had higher consumer acceptance than the industry‐standard control variety (CDC Copeland). Genotype had a significant influence on the consumer acceptance of beer aroma, appearance, taste/flavor, sweetness, and overall liking but only on hot steep appearance. Significant differences between genotypes were found for 18% (fruity and other) and 46% (chemical, citrus, earthy, fruity, stale, and sweet aromatic) of CATA attributes for the hot steep and beer panels, respectively. Hot steep and beer liking and sensory attributes had low correlation coefficients. For example, beer overall liking was negatively correlated with chemical (r = −0.338, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with fruity (r = 0.265, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that untrained craft beer consumers can better differentiate among genotypes using beers than hot steep samples.Practical ApplicationIn general, Washington State University barley breeding lines had higher consumer acceptance than the control variety, CDC Copeland. Each genotype had a distinctive beer flavor profile, such as 12WA_120.14 (fruity and sweet aromatic), which had the highest consumer acceptance ratings, and 10WA_107.43 (citrus), which has been released as the variety “Palmer.” The results illustrate that the use of different barley genotypes presents varied sensory properties in the final beer and that particular malt and beer sensory attributes may influence consumer acceptance.
Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide prevents high‐ fat diet‐induced obesity in hamsters: A NMR‐based metabolomic evaluation
Authors: Guo Fuchuan , Han Mengyuan , Lin Song , Ye Hui , Chen Jiedong , Zhu Hongni , Lin Wenting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP) has been shown to exhibit hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities in various experimental models. Here, an 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomic study was conducted to explore the regulatory effects of EP on serum metabolic changes in obese hamsters. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed hamsters were orally administrated with EP (300, 450, or 600 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks. Compared with HFD‐fed hamsters, EP treatment (450 and 600 mg/kg) significantly decreased the body weight (by 8.69 and 8.24%), liver weight (by 7.87 and 8.25%), epididymal white adipose tissue (by 19.54 and 17.26%), perirenal white adipose tissue (by 28.09 and 28.94%), serum total cholesterol (by 24.31 and 18.61%), triglyceride (by 30.64 and 31.38%), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 38.26 and 36.30%), respectively. In addition, EP intervention also significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol (by 23.20, 38.16, and 34.57%) and triglyceride content (by 17.78, 41.47, and 35.50%) as well as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ALT/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ratio. The serum samples of normal diet (ND) group, HFD group and HFD + EP 450 mg/kg (HFD + MEP) group were further analyzed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Compared with ND group, 17 and 2 metabolites were significantly upregulated and downregulated in HFD group, respectively. Interestingly, EP treatment significantly downregulated nine metabolites and upregulated one metabolite when compared to those in HFD group. Our results indicated that EP intervention partially ameliorated HFD‐induced metabolic dysfunction, and the most prominent metabolic pathways included citrate cycle, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, pyruvate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and arginine biosynthesis.Practical ApplicationEnteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide (EP), the main active component of Enteromorpha prolifera, is reported to have many biological activities. However, the antiobesity effect of EP and its corresponding metabolic mechanism have not been reported so far. The results of this study confirmed the antiobesity effect of EP on HFD‐induced obese hamsters and elucidated its possible metabolic mechanism. Our study highlighted that EP might be used in weight‐loss functional foods.
Genome analysis of Streptomyces sp. UH6 revealed the presence of potential chitinolytic machinery crucial for chitosan production
Authors: Duhsaki Lal , Mukherjee Saumashish , Rani Tirupaati Swaroopa , Madhuprakash Jogi 
Published: July 2021

SummaryChitosan and its derivatives have numerous applications in wastewater treatment as bio‐coagulants, flocculants and bio‐adsorbents against both particulate and dissolved pollutants. Chitinolytic bacteria secrete an array of enzymes, which play crucial role in chitin to chitosan conversion. Consequently, there is a growing demand for identification and characterization of novel bacterial isolates with potential implications in chitosan production. We describe genomic features of the new isolate Streptomyces sp. UH6. Analysis of the 6.51 Mb genome revealed the GC content as 71.95% and presence of 6990 coding sequences of which 63% were functionally annotated. Further, we identified two possible chitin‐utilization pathways, which employ secreted enzymes like lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and family‐18 glycoside hydrolases (GHs). More importantly, the genome has six family‐4 polysaccharide deacetylases with probable role in chitin to chitosan conversion, as well as two chitosanases belonging to GH46 and GH75 families. In addition, the gene clusters, dasABC and ngcEFG coding for transporters, which mediate the uptake of N,N′‐diacetylchitobiose and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine were identified. Several genes responsible for hydrolysis of other polysaccharides and fermentation of sugars were also identified. Taken together, the phylogenetic and genomic analyses suggest that the isolate Streptomyces sp. UH6 secretes potential chitin‐active enzymes responsible for chitin to chitosan conversion.
Understanding total energy expenditure in people with dementia: A systematic review with directions for future research
Authors: Porter Judi , Thompson Hannah , Tjahyo Alvin Surya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWeight loss is a primary manifestation of dementia. This review aimed to systematically synthesise the literature on total energy expenditure (TEE) in people with dementia.MethodsThe protocol, registered with PROSPERO, was reported against PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies investigated TEE in people with dementia. Six electronic databases and a supplementary Internet search identified relevant publications. Results were synthesised narratively.ResultsThe final library considered the TEE of 358 participants. Two studies used the gold standard method of doubly labelled water (DLW); other studies used TEE measures validated against DLW. TEE varied considerably, from 6095 ± 1353 kJ to 9765 ± 2066 kJ. The TEE of community‐dwelling people with dementia (range 8430 ± 2250 kJ‐9765 ± 2066 kJ) was higher than in institutionalised groups (range 6095 ± 1353 kJ‐7619 ± 1827 kJ).ConclusionNew technologies will enable future research in this patient population to be less burdensome than those reliant on DLW measures. In planning future research, avoidance of selection bias and considering disease stage and movement are important considerations.
Chinese breast cancer patients with CYP2D6*10 mutant genotypes have a better prognosis with toremifene than with tamoxifen
Authors: Wang Hongyue , Ma Xinchi , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yaotian , Han Ning , Wei Linlin , Sun Chaonan , Sun Shichen , Zeng Xue , Guo Hong , Li Yubing , Zhang Yanyu , Zhao Jiaming , Qin Zilan , Liu Zhuang , Zhang Na 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prognosis of estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients with CYP2D6*10 mutant genotypes under tamoxifen or toremifen therapy.MethodsEstrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients were selected and CYP2D6*10 genotypes (C/C, C/T, and T/T) were determined by Sanger sequencing. Patients were divided into tamoxifen, toremifene, or tamoxifen + toremifene groups according to prior therapy. The correlation between CYP2D6*10 genotype and disease‐free survival was analyzed.ResultsIn total, 293 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen or toremifene between 2008 and 2017 were studied. Median follow‐up was 39 months (10–141). Of these, 107 (36.52%), 112 (38.23%), and 74 (25.26%) patients had C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes, respectively. Genotype was significantly associated with disease‐free survival in tamoxifen patients. Patients with C/T and T/T genotypes showed worse disease‐free survival than patients with a C/C genotype. Genotype and disease‐free survival in toremifene and tamoxifen+toremifene patients were not correlated. Of patients with a C/T genotype, toremifene or tamoxifen+toremifene groups showed better disease‐free survival than tamoxifen patients. Although disease‐free survival of patients with a T/T genotype in the three groups was not statistically different, tamoxifen patients showed worse disease‐free survival. There was no correlation between different treatments and disease‐free survival in patients with a C/C genotype. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed toremifene patients had a better prognosis than tamoxifen patients; toremifene was an independent protective factoremifene for disease‐free survival.ConclusionsTamoxifen was less effective in patients with CYP2D6*10 C/T and T/T genotypes. Estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients with a CYP2D6*10 mutation genotype have a better prognosis with toremifen than tamoxifen.
Immune status of decidual macrophages is dependent on the CCL2/CCR2/JAK2 pathway during early pregnancy
Authors: Wei Chun‐Yan , Li Ming‐Qing , Zhu Xiao‐Yong , Li Da‐Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProblemDecidual macrophages (dMφ) play an important role in the formation of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. However, factors that influence the immune status of dMφ and the related potential mechanisms have not been elucidated to date.Method of studyThe gene transcription in dMφ, decidual stromal cells (DSCs), extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), and peripheral monocytes (pMo) from human samples were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Monocyte‐DSC co‐culture was established to explore whether DSCs influenced dMφ polarization via C‐C motif ligand 2 (CCL2)‐C‐C chemokine receptor (CCR2) binding using flow cytometry. In vivo, changes in dMφ percentage and M1 and M2 marker expression after treatment with CCR2 or Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor were detected with flow cytometry. Embryo resorption percentages in the above groups were also analyzed.ResultsWe found that dMφ were an M1/M2 mixed status at the maternal–fetal interface during early pregnancy. CCL2 influenced the immune status of dMφ in an autocrine and paracrine manner. As a downstream regulator of CCR2 and triggers the Stat3 pathway, JAK2 was found to be essential for dMφ homeostasis in vivo. JAK2 inhibitor decreased the dMφ proportion and attenuated Ki67, CD36, CD86, CD206, TNF, and IL‐10 expression in dMφ at E8.5 d. Moreover, CCR2‐JAK2 pathway inhibition decreased the width of the placental labyrinth layer, further influencing the pregnancy outcome.ConclusionThe M1/M2 mixed immune status of dMφ was regulated by DSCs via CCR2, and the CCL2/CCR2/JAK2 pathway was essential for the immune status of dMφ and the outcome of early pregnancy.
Factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID‐19 admitted to intensive care: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taylor E. H. , Marson E. J. , Elhadi M. , Macleod K. D. M. , Yu Y. C. , Davids R. , Boden R. , Overmeyer R. C. , Ramakrishnan R. , Thomson D. A. , Coetzee J. , Biccard B. M. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIdentification of high‐risk patients admitted to intensive care with COVID‐19 may inform management strategies. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine factors associated with mortality among adults with COVID‐19 admitted to intensive care by searching databases for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 6 December 2020. Observational studies of COVID‐19 adults admitted to critical care were included. Studies of mixed cohorts and intensive care cohorts restricted to a specific patient sub‐group were excluded. Dichotomous variables were reported with pooled OR and 95%CI, and continuous variables with pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95%CI. Fifty‐eight studies (44,305 patients) were included in the review. Increasing age (SMD 0.65, 95%CI 0.53–0.77); smoking (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.03–1.90); hypertension (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.29–1.85); diabetes (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.22–1.63); cardiovascular disease (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.52–2.38); respiratory disease (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.33–2.31); renal disease (OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.68–3.40); and malignancy (OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.30–2.52) were associated with mortality. A higher sequential organ failure assessment score (SMD 0.86, 95%CI 0.63–1.10) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation‐2 score (SMD 0.89, 95%CI 0.65–1.13); a lower PaO2:FIO2 (SMD −0.44, 95%CI −0.62 to −0.26) and the need for mechanical ventilation at admission (OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.90–3.37) were associated with mortality. Higher white cell counts (SMD 0.37, 95%CI 0.22–0.51); neutrophils (SMD 0.42, 95%CI 0.19–0.64); D‐dimers (SMD 0.56, 95%CI 0.43–0.69); ferritin (SMD 0.32, 95%CI 0.19–0.45); lower platelet (SMD −0.22, 95%CI −0.35 to −0.10); and lymphocyte counts (SMD −0.37, 95%CI −0.54 to −0.19) were all associated with mortality. In conclusion, increasing age, pre‐existing comorbidities, severity of illness based on validated scoring systems, and the host response to the disease were associated with mortality; while male sex and increasing BMI were not. These factors have prognostic relevance for patients admitted to intensive care with COVID‐19.
Asylum Seeking, Border Security, Hope
Authors: Hodge Paul , Hodge Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAsylum seeking galvanises brutal state responses. The challenge of confronting the brutality of border security is understanding the elusive interlocking of knowledge and power that normalises technologies of securitisation, detention, and defiance of international conventions. In this paper we employ Marxist philosopher Ernest Bloch to interrogate the temporal horizon of border security discourse revealing the act of asylum seeking as a form of activism threatening breakthrough to an alternative future. In this analysis we expose discourses, such as Australia’s Operation Sovereign Borders, as formations marked by temporal closure as much as by a specific imbrication of knowledge and power. Drawing on nine vignettes, we discern opposing versions of hope as people seeking asylum, politicians, activists, practitioners, and Australian citizens are enrolled into the diffuse and multifaceted global response to asylum seeking. We demonstrate differing temporalities distinguishing and advocating the overwhelming vision of hope in the act of asylum seeking itself.
Clinical features and treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is caused by the expansion of CD1a+/CD207+ cells and is characterised by a wide spectrum of organ involvement and dysfunction, affecting all ages. While almost all organs and systems can be affected, only the involvement and dysfunction of liver, spleen, and haematopoietic system influence survival. The LCH pathogenic cells are defined by universal activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. The most common alteration is a somatic BRAFV600E mutation, which is present in approximately two‐thirds of the cases, followed by MAP2K1 mutations. Treatment of LCH is risk‐adapted; patients with single lesions may respond well to local treatment, whereas patients with multi‐system disease require systemic chemotherapy. While survival for patients without organ dysfunction is excellent, mortality rates for patients with organ dysfunction may reach 20%. Despite progress made in the treatment of LCH, disease reactivation rates remain above 30%, and standard second‐line treatment has yet to be established. Long‐term effects, including neuroendocrine dysfunction and neurodegeneration, represent a major challenge for survivors. Treatment with BRAF or MEK inhibitors results in immediate responses, but reactivations are very common after discontinuation. Their role as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy is being explored.
Work and home boundary violations during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of segmentation preferences and unfinished tasks
Authors: Kerman Katja , Korunka Christian , Tement Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of employees faced the challenges of telework. However, the current literature has a limited understanding of the implications of employees' obligated home‐based telework and their satisfaction with the work and home domains. We use boundary theory to examine work and home boundary violations in relation to satisfaction with domain investment in two daily diary studies, examining both domain‐specific and cross‐domain effects. In addition, we examine the moderating role of segmentation preferences in both studies and investigate the mediating role of work‐ and home‐related unfinished tasks in Study 2. Both studies provide empirical evidence of the domain‐specific relationship between boundary violations and domain satisfaction and provide limited support for cross‐domain effects. Neither study finds support for the notion that segmentation preferences moderate the relationship between boundary violations and domain satisfaction. Finally, the results of Study 2 highlight the importance of unfinished tasks in the relationship between boundary violations and domain satisfaction. Specifically, work and home boundary violations relate to an increase in unfinished tasks in both domains. Finally, the indirect effects suggest that home‐related unfinished tasks may be detrimental to satisfaction in both domains, while work‐related unfinished tasks may be detrimental for work‐related, but not home‐related, satisfaction.