bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of social comparisons on subjective age and self-rated health
Authors: Sayag Maayan , Kavé Gitit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOlder adults consistently report young subjective age and provide high ratings of their subjective health. The current research examined which social comparisons older adults make when they assess their subjective age and health, as well as the effects of experimentally manipulated social comparisons on these assessments. In Study 1, 146 participants (aged 60 and over) reported to whom they compared themselves when assessing their subjective age or health. In Study 2, 100 participants (aged 60 and over) reported their subjective age and health after receiving feedback that compared them to younger adults or to their peers. Study 1 shows that participants compared themselves primarily to their peer group. Yet, individuals who selected a younger comparison group when assessing subjective age reported a younger subjective age, better self-rated health and more positive expectations regarding ageing relative to those who selected their peers as a comparison group. No equivalent differences emerged in any of the measures when participants were divided by their selection of comparison group after providing their self-rated health ratings. In Study 2, feedback that emphasised the performance of younger people led to reports of younger subjective age relative to feedback that emphasised peer performance, with no equivalent difference for self-rated health. These findings help explain why older adults feel younger and healthier than they actually are. We suggest that older adults use social comparisons as a strategy that protects them from the negative effects of ageing on self-perception.
Influence of socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods on the selection of home care strategies for older dependants
Authors: Julià Albert , Escapa Sandra , Gallo Pedro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCare strategies for older dependants are determined by not only individuals or network characteristics, but also contextual factors. The objective of this study is to determine whether urban contexts (neighbourhoods) are linked to the use of family care (informal), public services or private care at home (formal). We applied logistic regression analysis to data from the Survey of People in a Situation of Dependence 2018. The sample was composed of 530 older people (55 years old and over) living in two types of socio-economic groups of neighbourhoods in Barcelona, Spain. The type of neighbourhood is relevant in explaining the home care that older dependants receive. In neighbourhoods with a high socio-economic level, dependants are more likely to use private services and less likely to use informal care services and public services, even after controlling for household income, degree of dependency, sex, age and the number of people in the household. Understanding the factors that determine the use of public care services, private care services or family care-giving is important due to the increment in the number of older people in the population. Our results suggest that differences in urban socio-economic contexts determine some inequalities in the use of services even after controlling for socio-economic individual differences. The characteristics of neighbourhoods should be considered to adjust care policies for older dependants.
Intergenerational equity, equality and reciprocity in economically and politically turbulent times: narratives from across generations
Authors: Wildman Josephine M. , Goulding Anna , Moffatt Suzanne , Scharf Thomas , Stenning Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe concept of intergenerational fairness has taken hold across Europe since the 2008 financial crisis. In the United Kingdom (UK), focus on intergenerational conflict has been further sharpened by the 2016 ‘Brexit’ vote to take the UK out of the European Union. However, current debates around intergenerational fairness are taking place among policy makers, the media and in think-tanks. In this way, they are conversations about, but not with, people. This article draws on qualitative interviews with 40 people aged 19–85 years and living in North-East England and Edinburgh, Scotland's capital city, to explore whether macro-level intergenerational equity discourses resonate in people's everyday lives. We find widespread pessimism around young people's prospects and evidence of a fracturing social contract, with little faith in the principles of intergenerational equity, equality and reciprocity upon which welfare states depend. Although often strong, the kin contract was not fully ameliorating resentment and frustration among participants observing societal-level intergenerational unfairness mirrored within families. However, blame for intergenerational inequity was placed on a remote state rather than on older generations. Despite the precariousness of the welfare state, participants of all ages strongly supported the principle of state support, rejecting a system based on family wealth and inherited privilege. Rather than increased individualism, participants desired strengthened communities that encouraged greater intergenerational mixing.
Fatigue Life and Reliability Analysis of a Parallel Hip Joint Simulator
Authors: Guo Feng , Cheng Gang , Yuan Xin 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYAiming at 3SPS+1PS parallel hip joint simulator, the maximum stress of branched chains under the suggested trajectory is obtained by elastodynamic analysis. Based on Corten-Dolan fatigue damage theory and Rain-flow counting method, the dynamic stress of each branched chain is statistically analyzed. The fatigue life prediction shows that branched-chain A2P2C2 is the weakest component for the simulator. Finally, the fatigue reliability is analyzed and the fatigue life and reliability under different structural parameters are discussed. The study shows that the fatigue life of each branched chain can be increased or balanced by increasing structural parameters or exchanging initial motion parameters.
The role of women in the shaping of civic identity in Edwardian Leicester: Edith Gittins and the Anglo-Saxon past of Æthelflæd's fountain. Historical reconstruction and 3D visualization
Authors: Smurra Rosa , Orlandi Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyses a case of female patronage in Edwardian Leicester, a drinking fountain surmounted by a statuette dedicated to a female Anglo-Saxon ruler. The bequest, by Edith Gittins (1845–1910), is contextualized within the nineteenth-century perspectives on the past that identified the roots of the English people in the Anglo-Saxon period. The article explores the cultural, social and gender implications of Gittins’ intentions behind the bequest both for women's rights and for the use of the past in the construction of civic identity. These have not hitherto received sufficient attention. In order to address these questions the article exploits the potential of a 3D visualization of the urban setting where the fountain was intended to be erected to help frame the historical inquiry.
Peijingsu effectively improves sperm DNA integrity
Authors: Yuan Caixia , Song Haixia , Wang Zhulin , Wang Huaixiu 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIntact human sperm DNA is an essential prerequisite for successful fertilization and embryo development. Abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation is a independent factor for male infertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Peijingsu, a health product, on the DNA integrity of human sperm. Peijingsu was administered for 15 days to 22 patients who had an abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). The DFIs before and after treatment were compared and analyzed using pairedt-test. DFIs decreased significantly (P= 0.0008) after treatment, therefore it was concluded that Peijingsu effectively improved sperm DNA integrity in infertile patients who had an abnormal sperm DFI.
Transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects using the Cardi-O-Fix plug
Authors: Chen Zhisong , Yu Zhuo , Su Li , Zhang Huasheng , Hu Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Cardi-O-Fix plug used for the treatment of muscular ventricular septal defects.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of five patients with muscular ventricular septal defects who underwent transcatheter closure using the Cardi-O-Fix Plug, from November 2017 to August 2019. The median age was 5.1 years (range: 3.2–6.5). Their median body weight was 18.1 kg (range: 13.4–21.8). All the patients underwent detailed two-dimensional Doppler and colour flow imaging by transthoracic echocardiography. The left ventricular median defect size of the muscular ventricular septal defects was 5.6 mm (range: 5.3–7.0). The right ventricular median defect size of the muscular ventricular septal defects was 3.9 mm (range: 3.3–4.7). All the procedures were performed on beating hearts.Results:All the patients underwent successful device implantation with no displacement or detachment, they have complete echocardiographic closure at the 1-year follow-up. There were no occluder-related arrhythmia, chordae tendineae rupture, tricuspid insufficiency, aortic regurgitation, haemolysis, or embolisation.Conclusions:Application of the Cardi-O-Fix plug appears to be a feasible, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with muscular ventricular septal defects. Longer follow-up periods are warranted to prove the conclusion for long-term outcomes.
Modelling random vectors of dependent risks with different elliptical components
Authors: Landsman Zinoviy , Shushi Tomer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Finance and Actuarial Science, the multivariate elliptical family of distributions is a famous and well-used model for continuous risks. However, it has an essential shortcoming: all its univariate marginal distributions are the same, up to location and scale transformations. For example, all marginals of the multivariate Student’s t-distribution, an important member of the elliptical family, have the same number of degrees of freedom. We introduce a new approach to generate a multivariate distribution whose marginals are elliptical random variables, while in general, each of the risks has different elliptical distribution, which is important when dealing with insurance and financial data. The proposal is an alternative to the elliptical copula distribution where, in many cases, it is very difficult to calculate its risk measures and risk capital allocation. We study the main characteristics of the proposed model: characteristic and density functions, expectations, covariance matrices and expectation of the linear regression vector. We calculate important risk measures for the introduced distributions, such as the value at risk and tail value at risk, and the risk capital allocation of the aggregated risks.
Are Conspiracy Theories Harmless?
Authors: Douglas Karen M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the consequences of conspiracy theories and the COVID–19 pandemic raised this interest to another level. In this article, I will outline what we know about the consequences of conspiracy theories for individuals, groups, and society, arguing that they are certainly not harmless. In particular, research suggests that conspiracy theories are associated with political apathy, support for non-normative political action, climate denial, vaccine refusal, prejudice, crime, violence, disengagement in the workplace, and reluctance to adhere to COVID–19 recommendations. In this article, I will also discuss the challenges of dealing with the negative consequences of conspiracy theories, which present some opportunities for future research.
Long‐term Observations Reveal Environmental Conditions and Food Supply Mechanisms at an Arctic Deep‐Sea Sponge Ground
Authors: Hanz Ulrike , Roberts Emyr Martyn , Duineveld Gerard , Davies Andrew , van Haren Hans , Rapp Hans Tore , Reichart Gert‐Jan , Mienis Furu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeep‐sea sponge grounds are hotspots of benthic biomass and diversity. To date, very limited data exist on the range of environmental conditions in areas containing deep‐sea sponge grounds and which factors are driving their distribution and sustenance. We investigated oceanographic conditions at a deep‐sea sponge ground located on an Arctic Mid‐Ocean Ridge seamount. Hydrodynamic measurements were performed along Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth transects, and a lander was deployed within the sponge ground that recorded near‐bottom physical properties as well as vertical fluxes of organic matter over an annual cycle. The data demonstrate that the sponge ground is found at water temperatures of −0.5°C to 1°C and is situated at the interface between two water masses at only 0.7° equatorward of the turning point latitude of semi‐diurnal lunar internal tides. Internal waves supported by vertical density stratification interact with the seamount topography and produce turbulent mixing as well as resuspension of organic matter with temporarily very high current speeds up to 0.72 m s−1. The vertical movement of the water column delivers food and nutrients from water layers above and below toward the sponge ground. Highest organic carbon flux was observed during the summer phytoplankton bloom period, providing fresh organic matter from the surface. The flux of fresh organic matter is unlikely to sustain the carbon demand of this ecosystem. Therefore, the availability of bacteria, nutrients, and dissolved and particulate matter, delivered by tidally forced internal wave turbulence and transport by horizontal mean flows, likely plays an important role in meeting ecosystem‐level food requirements.
Reducing alcohol and/or cocaine-induced reward and toxicity via an epidermal stem cell-based gene delivery platform
Authors: Kong Qingyao , Li Yuanyuan , Yue Jiping , Wu Xiaoyang , Xu Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the foremost public health problems. Alcohol is also frequently co-abused with cocaine. There is a huge unmet need for the treatment of AUD and/or cocaine co-abuse. We recently demonstrated that skin grafts generated from mouse epidermal stem cells that had been engineered by CRISPR-mediated genome editing could be transplanted onto mice as a gene delivery platform. Here, we show that expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) gene delivered by epidermal stem cells attenuated development and reinstatement of alcohol-induced drug-taking and seeking as well as voluntary oral alcohol consumption. GLP1 derived from the skin grafts decreased alcohol-induced increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. In exploring the potential of this platform in reducing concurrent use of drugs, we developed a novel co-grafting procedure for both modified human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE)- and GLP1-expressing cells. Epidermal stem cell-derived hBChE and GLP1 reduced acquisition of drug-taking and toxicity induced by alcohol and cocaine co-administration. These results imply that cutaneous gene delivery through skin transplants may add a new option to treat drug abuse and co-abuse.
Quantitative assessment of erector spinae muscles and prognosis in elderly patients with pneumonia
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroki , Komiya Kosaku , Yamamoto Takashi , Fujita Naoko , Oka Hiroaki , Okabe Eiji , Yamasue Mari , Umeki Kenji , Rubin Bruce K. , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractErector spinae muscle (ESM) size has been reported as a predictor of prognosis in patients with some respiratory diseases. This study aimed to assess the association of ESM size on all-cause in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with pneumonia. We retrospectively included patients (age: ≥ 65 years) admitted to hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 for community-acquired pneumonia who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) on admission. The cross-sectional area of the ESM (ESMcsa) was measured on a single-slice CT image at the end of the 12th thoracic vertebra and adjusted by body surface area (BSA). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the influence of ESMcsa/BSA on in-hospital mortality. Among 736 patients who were admitted for pneumonia, 702 patients (95%) underwent chest CT. Of those, 689 patients (98%) for whom height and weight were measured to calculate BSA were included in this study. Patients in the non-survivor group were significantly older, had a greater frequency of respiratory failure, loss of consciousness, lower body mass index, hemoglobin, albumin, and ESMcsa/BSA. Multivariate analysis showed that a lower ESMcsa/BSA independently predicted in-hospital mortality after adjusting for these variables. In elderly patients with pneumonia, quantification of ESMcsa/BSA may be associated with in-hospital mortality.
Handling missing MRI sequences in deep learning segmentation of brain metastases: a multicenter study
Authors: Grøvik Endre , Yi Darvin , Iv Michael , Tong Elizabeth , Nilsen Line Brennhaug , Latysheva Anna , Saxhaug Cathrine , Jacobsen Kari Dolven , Helland Åslaug , Emblem Kyrre Eeg , Rubin Daniel L. , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value of a deep learning (DL) model for automatic detection and segmentation of brain metastases, in which a neural network is trained on four distinct MRI sequences using an input-level dropout layer, thus simulating the scenario of missing MRI sequences by training on the full set and all possible subsets of the input data. This retrospective, multicenter study, evaluated 165 patients with brain metastases. The proposed input-level dropout (ILD) model was trained on multisequence MRI from 100 patients and validated/tested on 10/55 patients, in which the test set was missing one of the four MRI sequences used for training. The segmentation results were compared with the performance of a state-of-the-art DeepLab V3 model. The MR sequences in the training set included pre-gadolinium and post-gadolinium (Gd) T1-weighted 3D fast spin echo, post-Gd T1-weighted inversion recovery (IR) prepped fast spoiled gradient echo, and 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), whereas the test set did not include the IR prepped image-series. The ground truth segmentations were established by experienced neuroradiologists. The results were evaluated using precision, recall, Intersection over union (IoU)-score and Dice score, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve statistics, while the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the performance of the two neural networks. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), averaged across all test cases, was 0.989 ± 0.029 for the ILD-model and 0.989 ± 0.023 for the DeepLab V3 model (p = 0.62). The ILD-model showed a significantly higher Dice score (0.795 ± 0.104 vs. 0.774 ± 0.104, p = 0.017), and IoU-score (0.561 ± 0.225 vs. 0.492 ± 0.186, p < 0.001) compared to the DeepLab V3 model, and a significantly lower average false positive rate of 3.6/patient vs. 7.0/patient (p < 0.001) using a 10 mm3 lesion-size limit. The ILD-model, trained on all possible combinations of four MRI sequences, may facilitate accurate detection and segmentation of brain metastases on a multicenter basis, even when the test cohort is missing input MRI sequences.
Deviations from Taylor’s frozen hypothesis and scaling laws in inhomogeneous jet flows
Authors: Roy Sukesh , Miller Joseph D. , Gunaratne Gemunu H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifficulties in studying turbulent flows stem, in part, from the lack of high-frequency, high-resolution measurements to interrogate small-scale structures and their rapid evolution. We present analysis of data from experiments employing a burst-mode laser system to capture both spatially resolved velocity fields and their dynamics using high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements at 100 kHz. We show directly that velocity fluctuations in axisymmetric jet flows are inhomogeneous and anisotropic. The peak of the time-delayed cross correlation function decays exponentially in time and its velocity is smaller than the convection velocity; thus, Taylor’s frozen hypothesis fails to generalize for these inhomogeneous flows. Structure functions are isotropic only at small distances. They exhibit extended self-similarity, but no inertial range is found where the Kolmogorov $$\frac{2}{3}$$

2

3

-law is satisfied. Spectral-energy density of the flow, although anisotropic, is consistent with the Kolmogorov–Obukhov $$\frac{5}{3}$$

5

3

-law in the flow direction.
ANALYSES OF INTEGRAL AND MOX CRITICAL EXPERIMENTS TO QUALIFY PARAGON2 PREDICTIONS*
Authors: Ouisloumen Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the qualification of the newly developed Westinghouse lattice physics code PARAGON2. PARAGON2 uses high energy resolution in the solution of the transport equation. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that PARAGON2 accurately predicts the integral and critical experiments. The integral experiments are used to assess PARAGON2 predictions of fine neutronics parameters such as: resonance integrals and radial profiles of reactions rates, isotopics, and burnup for depleted pellets. The integral experiments considered are: the Hellstrand’s, TRX, and the PIE experiments. For critical experiments, this paper will focus only on VENUS-2 MOX critical experiment.
The results obtained for the integral experiments clearly show the good predictions of PARAGON2 with the resonance scattering model which are close to measurement. The PARAGON2 predicted capture reaction rates, temperature coefficients, burnup and isotopic profiles match the measured values both in shape and magnitude. VENUS-2 reactivity prediction is in excellent agreement with the critical measurement value. Also, the standard deviations of measured minus predicted pin-wise fission reaction rates are very good (i.e. ≤ 2%) for both individual assemblies and the whole core.
NEUTRON NOISE PATTERNS FROM COUPLED FUEL-ASSEMBLY VIBRATIONS
Authors: Viebach M. , Lange C. , Seidl M. , Bilodid Y. , Hurtado A. 
Published: February 2021

The neutron flux fluctuation magnitude of KWU-built PWRs shows a hitherto unexplained correlation with the types of loaded fuel assemblies. Also, certain measured long-range neutron flux fluctuation patterns in neighboring core quadrants still lack a closed understanding of their origin. The explanation of these phenomena has recently revived a new interest in neutron noise research.
The contribution at hand investigates the idea that a synchronized coolant-driven vibration of major parts of the fuel-assembly ensemble leads to these phenomena. Starting with an assumed mode of such collective vibration, the resulting effects on the time-dependent neutron-flux distribution are analyzed via a DYN3D simulation. A three-dimensional representation of the time-dependent bow of all fuel assemblies is taken into account as a nodal DYN3D feedback parameter by time-dependent variations of the fuel-assembly pitch. The impact of its variation on the cross sections is quantiﬁed using a cross-section library that is generated from the output of corresponding CASMO5 calculations.
The DYN3D simulation qualitatively reproduces the measured neutron-flux fluctuation patterns. The magnitude of the fluctuations and its radial dependence are comparable to the measured details. The results imply that collective fuel-assembly vibrations are a promising candidate for being the key to understand long-known fluctuation patterns in KWU built PWRs. Further research should elaborate on possible excitation mechanisms of the assumed vibration modes.