bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity and magnetic joint inversion for basement and salt structures with the reversible-jump algorithm
Authors: Ghalenoei Emad , Dettmer Jan , Ali Mohammed Y , Kim Jeong Woo 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYGravity and magnetic data resolve the Earth with variable spatial resolution, and Earth structure exhibits both discontinuous and gradual features. Therefore, model parametrization complexity should be able to address such variability by locally adapting to the resolving power of the data. The reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (rjMcMC) algorithm provides variable spatial resolution that is consistent with data information. To address the prevalent non-uniqueness in joint inversion of potential field data, we use a novel spatial partitioning with nested Voronoi cells that is explored by rjMcMC sampling. The nested Voronoi parametrization partitions the subsurface in terms of rock types, such as sedimentary, salt and basement rocks. Therefore, meaningful prior information can be specified for each type which reduces non-uniqueness. We apply nonoverlapping prior distributions for density contrast and susceptibility between rock types. In addition, the choice of noise parametrization can lead to significant trade-offs with model resolution and complexity. We adopt an empirical estimation of full data covariance matrices that include theory and observational errors to account for spatially correlated noise. The method is applied to 2-D gravity and magnetic data to study salt and basement structures. We demonstrate that meaningful partitioning of the subsurface into sediment, salt, and basement structures is achieved by these advances without requiring regularization. Multiple simulated- and field-data examples are presented. Simulation results show clear delineation of salt and basement structures while resolving variable length scales. The field data show results that are consistent with observations made in the simulations. In particular, we resolve geologically plausible structures with varying length scales and clearly differentiate salt structure and basement topography.
Improving the retrieval of high-frequency surface waves from ambient noise through multichannel-coherency-weighted stack
Authors: Liu Ya , Xia Jianghai , Xi Chaoqiang , Dai Tianyu , Ning Ling 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYSeismic interferometry is becoming increasingly popular in urban areas due to its ability to retrieve high-frequency surface waves from abundant anthropogenic seismic noise, hence the need for advanced processing schemes in resolving complex environments. Stacking noise cross-correlation functions is an essential step for the successful retrieval of surface waves and some nonlinear methods are developed for attenuating incoherent noise; however, these methods are susceptible to waveform distortions. In addition, a lot of attention has been focused on the improvement of the pairwise noise cross-correlation functions, while the spatial coherency of waves is less utilized. We obtain the multichannel coherency by summing the local phase coherencies in a time window and propose the multichannel-coherency-weighted stack method for accelerating the retrieval of high-frequency surface waves. A synthetic test and a real-world three-component example demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over both the linear stack and the phase-weighted stack methods in obtaining cleaner surface waves and more accurate dispersion measurements. Our method is not limited by waveform distortions owing to its linearity. Furthermore, the proposed method has the potential to be extended to body wave retrieval from ambient noise by adjusting its parameters.
Continental-scale genomic analysis suggests shared post-admixture adaptation in the Americas
Authors: Ongaro Linda , Mondal Mayukh , Flores Rodrigo , Marnetto Davide , Molinaro Ludovica , Alarcón-Riquelme Marta E , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Mabunda Nedio , Ventura Mario , Tambets Kristiina , Hellenthal Garrett , Capelli Cristian , Kivisild Toomas , Metspalu Mait , Pagani Luca , Montinaro Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
American populations are one of the most interesting examples of recently admixed groups, where ancestral components from three major continental human groups (Africans, Eurasians and Native Americans) have admixed within the last 15 generations. Recently, several genetic surveys focusing on thousands of individuals shed light on the geography, chronology and relevance of these events. However, even though gene flow could drive adaptive evolution, it is unclear whether and how natural selection acted on the resulting genetic variation in the Americas.
In this study, we analysed the patterns of local ancestry of genomic fragments in genome-wide data for ~ 6000 admixed individuals from 10 American countries. In doing so, we identified regions characterized by a divergent ancestry profile (DAP), in which a significant over or under ancestral representation is evident.
Our results highlighted a series of genomic regions with DAPs associated with immune system response and relevant medical traits, with the longest DAP region encompassing the human leukocyte antigen locus. Furthermore, we found that DAP regions are enriched in genes linked to cancer-related traits and autoimmune diseases. Then, analysing the biological impact of these regions, we showed that natural selection could have acted preferentially towards variants located in coding and non-coding transcripts and characterized by a high deleteriousness score.
Taken together, our analyses suggest that shared patterns of post admixture adaptation occurred at a continental scale in the Americas, affecting more often functional and impactful genomic variants.
Reduced Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Lysophosphatidic Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Omori Wataru , Kano Kuniyuki , Hattori Kotaro , Kajitani Naoto , Okada-Tsuchioka Mami , Boku Shuken , Kunugi Hiroshi , Aoki Junken , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved in numerous biological processes, including neurodevelopment, chronic inflammation, and immunologic response in the central nervous system. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that produces LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Previous studies have demonstrated decreased protein levels of ATX in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Based on those studies, the current study investigated the levels of lysophospholipids species including LPA and related metabolic enzymes, in CSF of patients with MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ).MethodsThe levels of lysophospholipids species and related metabolic enzymes were measured with either liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Japanese patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR. CSF was obtained from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 27) and patients with MDD (n = 26) and SCZ (n = 27).ResultsOf all lysophospholipids species, the levels of LPA 22:6 (LPA - docosahexaenoic acid) were significantly lower in patients with MDD and SCZ than in healthy controls. These levels were negatively correlated with several clinical symptomatic scores of MDD, but not those of SCZ. In addition, the levels of LPA 22:6 were significantly correlated with the levels of LPC 22:6 among all 3 groups. On the other hand, the levels of LPA 22:6 were not correlated with ATX activity in patients with MDD and SCZ.ConclusionThe lower levels of LPA 22:6 in patients with MDD and SCZ suggest an abnormality of LPA 22:6 metabolism. In addition, several depressive symptoms in patients with MDD were significantly associated with the lower levels of LPA 22:6, suggesting an involvement of LPA 22:6 in the pathophysiology of MDD.
The Limiting Distribution of Character Sums
Authors: Hussain Ayesha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the distribution of the continuous paths of Dirichlet character sums modulo prime $q$ on the complex plane. We also find a limiting distribution as $q \rightarrow \infty $ using Steinhaus random multiplicative functions, stating properties of this random process. This is motivated by Kowalski and Sawin’s work on Kloosterman paths.
Health management via telemedicine: Learning from the COVID-19 experience
Authors: Sun Ran , Blayney Douglas W , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt the onset of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, telemedicine was rapidly implemented to protect patients and healthcare providers from infection. It is unlikely that care delivery will fully return to the pre-COVID form. Telemedicine offers many opportunities to improve care efficiency, accessibility, and patient outcomes, but many challenges exist related to technology interoperability, the digital divide, and usability. We propose that telemedicine evolve to support continuity of care throughout the patient journey, including multidisciplinary care teams and the seamless integration of data into the clinical workflow to support a learning healthcare system. Importantly, evidence is needed to support this paradigm shift in care delivery to ensure the quality and efficacy of care delivered via telemedicine. Here, we highlight gaps and opportunities that need to be addressed by the biomedical informatics community to move forward with safe and effective healthcare delivery via telemedicine.
Emerging solvatochromic push–pull dyes for monitoring the lipid order of biomembranes in live cells
Authors: Niko Yosuke , Klymchenko Andrey S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolvatochromic dyes have emerged as a new class of fluorescent probes in the field of lipid membranes due to their ability to identify the lipid organization of biomembranes in live cells by changing the colour of their fluorescence. This type of solvatochromic function is useful for studying the heterogeneous features of biomembranes caused by the uneven distribution of lipids and cholesterols in live cells and related cellular processes. Therefore, a variety of advanced solvatochromic dyes have been rapidly developed over the last decade. To provide an overview of the works recently developed solvatochromic dyes have enabled, we herein present some solvatochromic dyes, with a particular focus on those based on pyrene and Nile red. As these dyes exhibit preferable photophysical properties in terms of fluorescence microscopy applications and unique distribution/localization in cellular compartments, some have already found applications in cell biological and biophysical studies. The goal of this review is to provide information to researchers who have never used solvatochromic dyes or who have not discovered applications of such dyes in biological studies.
Nocturnal Pollinators Significantly Contribute to Apple Production
Authors: Robertson Stephen M , Dowling Ashley P G , Wiedenmann Robert N , Joshi Neelendra K , Westerman Erica L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Agricultural dependency on insect-mediated pollination is increasing at the same time that pollinator populations are experiencing declines in diversity and abundance. Current pollinator research in agriculture focuses largely on diurnal pollinators, yet the evidence for pollination by moths and other nocturnal pollinators is growing. Apples are one of the most valuable and important fruits produced globally, and apple production is dependent on insect-mediated cross-pollination to generate a profitable crop. We examined contributions to apple production provided by nocturnal insects via an exclusion experiment. We compared the relative contributions to apple production provided by nocturnal and diurnal pollinators using fruit set, the likelihood of cluster pollination, and seed set. We found nocturnal pollinators capable of facilitating the production of as many apples at similar levels of pollination as diurnal pollinators. We further found evidence that nocturnal and diurnal pollinators pollinate synergistically, with pollination contributions being additive in one year of our study. Our research identifies significant contributions to apple production provided by nocturnal pollinators, which may interact with diurnal pollinators in ways that are currently unrecognized. Expansions of this research into additional pollinator-dependent crops and focused investigations on specific nocturnal insects will provide more accurate assessments of nocturnal-pollinator roles in agriculture and improve our overall understanding of pollination in agriculture.
Early Medicaid Expansion and Cancer Mortality
Authors: Barnes Justin M , Johnson Kimberly J , Adjei Boakye Eric , Schapira Lidia , Akinyemiju Tomi , Park Eliza M , Graboyes Evan M , Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Although Medicaid expansion is associated with decreased uninsured rates and earlier cancer diagnoses, no study has demonstrated an association between Medicaid expansion and cancer mortality. Our primary objective was to quantify the relationship between early Medicaid expansion and changes in cancer mortality rates.

Methods
We obtained county-level data from the National Center for Health Statistics for adults aged 20-64 years who died from cancer from 2007 to 2009 (preexpansion) and 2012 to 2016 (postexpansion). We compared changes in cancer mortality rates in early Medicaid expansion states (CA, CT, DC, MN, NJ, and WA) vs nonexpansion states through a difference-in-differences analysis using hierarchical Bayesian regression. An exploratory analysis of cancer mortality changes associated with the larger-scale 2014 Medicaid expansions was also performed.

Results
In adjusted difference-in-differences analyses, we observed a statistically significant decrease of 3.07 (95% credible interval = 2.19 to 3.95) cancer deaths per 100 000 in early expansion vs nonexpansion states, which translates to an estimated decrease of 5276 cancer deaths in the early expansion states during the study period. Expansion-associated decreases in cancer mortality were observed for pancreatic cancer. Exploratory analyses of the 2014 Medicaid expansions showed a decrease in pancreatic cancer mortality (−0.18 deaths per 100 000, 95% confidence interval = −0.32 to −0.05) in states that expanded Medicaid by 2014 compared with nonexpansion states.

Conclusions
Early Medicaid expansion was associated with reduced cancer mortality rates, especially for pancreatic cancer, a cancer with short median survival where changes in prognosis would be most visible with limited follow-up.
Midgut malrotation: a rare presentation of bowel obstruction in the adult
Authors: Singh Ulanda , Baker Akil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Intestinal malrotation is a rare congenital abnormality. Usually, patients with malrotation of the intestine present in the neonatal period or the first year of life while some may remain asymptomatic and present later in childhood or adulthood. The diagnosis is usually delayed due to the sequence of events being that of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms, which culminates in either adhesive bowel obstruction or volvulus. A 59-year-old male diagnosed with a large, incarcerated, right inguinoscrotal hernia underwent emergency laparotomy, which revealed midgut malrotation and small bowel obstruction due to Ladd bands. A modified Ladd’s procedure and right inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed.
The assembly bias of emission-line galaxies
Authors: Jiménez Esteban , Padilla Nelson , Contreras Sergio , Zehavi Idit , Baugh Carlton M , Orsi Álvaro 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The next generation of spectroscopic surveys will target emission-line galaxies (ELGs) to produce constraints on cosmological parameters. We study the large-scale structure traced by ELGs using a combination of a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, a code that computes the nebular emission from H ii regions using the properties of the interstellar medium, and a large-volume, high-resolution N-body simulation. We consider fixed number density samples where galaxies are selected by their H α, [O iii] λ5007, or [O ii] λλ3727–3729 emission-line luminosities. We investigate the assembly bias signatures of these samples, and compare them to those of stellar mass- and star formation rate-selected samples. Interestingly, we find that the [O iii]- and [O ii]-selected samples display scale-dependent bias on large scales and that their assembly bias signatures are also scale dependent. Both these effects are more pronounced for lower number density samples. The [O iii] and [O ii] emitters that contribute most to the scale dependence tend to have a low gas-phase metallicity and are preferentially found in low-density regions. We also measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) feature and the β parameter related to the growth rate of overdensities. We find that the scale of the BAO peak is roughly the same for all selections and that β is scale dependent at large scales. Our results suggest that ELG samples include environmental effects that should be modelled in order to remove potential systematic errors that could affect the estimation of cosmological parameters.
Core-envelope haloes in scalar field dark matter with repulsive self-interaction: fluid dynamics beyond the de Broglie wavelength
Authors: Dawoodbhoy Taha , Shapiro Paul R , Rindler-Daller Tanja 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Scalar field dark matter (SFDM) comprised of ultralight bosons has attracted great interest as an alternative to standard, collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) because of its novel structure-formation dynamics, described by the coupled Schrödinger–Poisson equations. In the free-field (‘fuzzy’) limit of SFDM (FDM), structure is inhibited below the de Broglie wavelength, but resembles CDM on larger scales. Virialized haloes have ‘solitonic’ cores of radius ∼λdeB, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. When a strong enough repulsive self-interaction (SI) is also present, structure can be inhibited below a second length-scale, λSI, with λSI &gt; λdeB – called the Thomas–Fermi (TF) regime. FDM dynamics differ from CDM because of quantum pressure, and SFDM-TF differs further by adding SI pressure. In the small-λdeB limit, however, we can model all three by fluid conservation equations for a compressible, γ = 5/3 ideal gas, with ideal gas pressure sourced by internal velocity dispersion and, for the TF regime, an added SI pressure, PSI ∝ ρ2. We use these fluid equations to simulate halo formation from gravitational collapse in 1D, spherical symmetry, demonstrating for the first time that SFDM-TF haloes form with cores the size of RTF, the radius of an SI-pressure-supported (n = 1)-polytrope, surrounded by CDM-like envelopes. In comparison with rotation curves of dwarf galaxies in the local Universe, SFDM-TF haloes pass the [‘too-big-to-fail’ + ‘cusp–core’]-test if RTF ≳ 1 kpc.
Intervening or associated? Machine learning classification of redshifted H i 21-cm absorption
Authors: Curran S J 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
In a previous paper, we presented the results of applying machine learning to classify whether an H i 21-cm absorption spectrum arises in a source intervening the sightline to a more distant radio source or within the host of the radio source itself. This is usually determined from an optical spectrum giving the source redshift. However, not only will this be impractical for the large number of sources expected to be detected with the Square Kilometre Array, but bright optical sources are the most ultraviolet luminous at high redshift and so bias against the detection of cool, neutral gas. Adding another 44, mostly newly detected absorbers, to the previous sample of 92, we test four different machine learning algorithms, again using the line properties (width, depth, and number of Gaussian fits) as features. Of these algorithms, three gave some improvement over the previous sample, with a logistic regression model giving the best results. This suggests that the inclusion of further training data, as new absorbers are detected, will further increase the prediction accuracy above the current ≈80 per cent. We use the logistic regression model to classify the zabs = 0.42 absorption towards PKS 1657−298 and find this to be associated, which is consistent with a previous study that determined zem ≈ 0.42 from the K-band magnitude–redshift relation.
Powerful multiphase outflows in the central region of Cygnus A
Authors: Riffel R A 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We use Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations of the inner 3.5 × 3.5 kpc2 of the radio galaxy Cygnus A to map the gas excitation and kinematics at a spatial resolution of 200 pc. The emission of the ionized gas shows a biconical morphology, with half-opening angle of 45○ and oriented along the position angle of the radio jet. Coronal line emission is seen within the cone, up to 1.75 kpc from the nucleus, with higher ionization gas observed in the easterly side. The H2 and [Fe ii] emission lines are consistent with excitation by the central AGN, with some contribution of shocks to the south-west of the nucleus. The gas visual extinction and electron density are larger than those from optical-based measurements, consistent with the fact that near-IR observations penetrate deeply into the gas emission structure, probing denser and more obscured regions. The gas kinematics shows two components: (i) a rotating disc with kinematic position angle of Ψ0 = 21○ ± 2○, seen both in ionized and molecular gas, and (ii) outflows with velocities of up to 600 km s−1 observed within the ionization cone in ionized gas and restricted to inner 0.5 arcsec in molecular gas. The mass outflow rate in ionized gas is in the range $\sim \! 100\!-\!280\, {\rm M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$ and the kinetic power of the outflow corresponds to 0.3–3.3 per cent of the AGN bolometric luminosity, indicating that the outflows in Cygnus A may be effective in suppressing star formation.
Investigating cosmological GAN emulators using latent space interpolation
Authors: Tamosiunas Andrius , Winther Hans A , Koyama Kazuya , Bacon David J , Nichol Robert C , Mawdsley Ben 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been recently applied as a novel emulation technique for large-scale structure simulations. Recent results show that GANs can be used as a fast and efficient emulator for producing novel weak lensing convergence maps as well as cosmic web data in 2D and 3D. However, like any algorithm, the GAN approach comes with a set of limitations, such as an unstable training procedure, inherent randomness of the produced outputs, and difficulties when training the algorithm on multiple data sets. In this work, we employ a number of techniques commonly used in the machine learning literature to address the mentioned limitations. Specifically, we train a GAN to produce weak lensing convergence maps and dark matter overdensity field data for multiple redshifts, cosmological parameters, and modified gravity models. In addition, we train a GAN using the newest Illustris data to emulate dark matter, gas, and internal energy distribution data simultaneously. Finally, we apply the technique of latent space interpolation as a tool for understanding the feature space of the GAN algorithm. We show that the latent space interpolation procedure allows the generation of outputs with intermediate cosmological parameters that were not included in the training data. Our results indicate a 1–20 per cent difference between the power spectra of the GAN-produced and the test data samples depending on the data set used and whether Gaussian smoothing was applied. Similarly, the Minkowski functional analysis indicates a good agreement between the emulated and the real images for most of the studied data sets.