bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past and Future Climate Variability Uncertainties in the Global Carbon Budget Using the MPI Grand Ensemble
Authors: Loughran T. F. , Boysen L. , Bastos A. , Hartung K. , Havermann F. , Li H. , Nabel J. E. M. S. , Obermeier W. A. , Pongratz J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantifying the anthropogenic fluxes of CO2 is important to understand the evolution of carbon sink capacities, on which the required strength of our mitigation efforts directly depends. For the historical period, the global carbon budget (GCB) can be compiled from observations and model simulations as is done annually in the Global Carbon Project's (GCP) carbon budgets. However, the historical budget only considers a single realization of the Earth system and cannot account for internal climate variability. Understanding the distribution of internal climate variability is critical for predicting the future carbon budget terms and uncertainties. We present here a decomposition of the GCB for the historical period and the RCP4.5 scenario using single‐model large ensemble simulations from the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI‐GE) to capture internal variability. We calculate uncertainty ranges for the natural sinks and anthropogenic emissions that arise from internal climate variability, and by using this distribution, we investigate the likelihood of historical fluxes with respect to plausible climate states. Our results show these likelihoods have substantial fluctuations due to internal variability, which are partially related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We find that the largest internal variability in the MPI‐GE stems from the natural land sink and its increasing carbon stocks over time. The allowable fossil fuel emissions consistent with 3 C warming may be between 9 and 18 Pg C yr−1. The MPI‐GE is generally consistent with GCP's global budgets with the notable exception of land‐use change emissions in recent decades, highlighting that human action is inconsistent with climate mitigation goals.
Small Shear Wave Splitting Delays Suggest Weak Anisotropy in Cratonic Mantle Lithosphere
Authors: Chen Xiaoran , Levin Vadim , Yuan Huaiyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use splitting in core‐refracted teleseismic shear waves (SKS, PKS, and similar) to investigate anisotropic properties of the upper mantle beneath the Superior craton in eastern North America and the Yilgarn craton in Western Australia. At four sites in each craton, we assemble extensive data sets that emphasize directional coverage, and use three different measurement methods to develop mutually consistent constraints on the nature of splitting and on the likely anisotropic properties that cause it. In both cratons, we see evidence of clear directional variation in both delays and fast polarization directions, as well as lateral differences between sites. Relatively small (0.3–0.8 s) amounts of splitting imply weak anisotropy within 150–220 km thick mantle lithosphere. Anisotropy in the asthenosphere likely contributes to splitting in North America where fast directions align with absolute plate motion, but not in Western Australia where fast polarizations and plate motion are nearly orthogonal.
Denitrification and Anammox Shift Nutrient Stoichiometry and the Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Mashifane T. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA shift in nutrient stoichiometry and phytoplankton community structure due to denitrification and anammox is investigated using coupled physical‐biogeochemical model experiments in the northern Benguela. Denitrification depletes more dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) than anammox, increasing phosphate accumulation and this creates a shift in nutrient stoichiometry. This decreases the nutrient stoichiometry to below the Redfield ratio with an effect on phytoplankton composition in the system. Flagellates dominate the community structure in the northern Benguela as compared to diatoms, picophytoplankton and large phytoplankton. Denitrification limits the growth of picophytoplankton resulting in a flagellate‐dominated community structure and diatom succession at depth. The phytoplankton community structure shift and succession correspond with a negative correlation between the phytoplankton groups, denitrification, anammox and DIN. The nutrient stoichiometry and a decline in phytoplankton concentrations from denitrification decrease Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake more than gross primary production. Annual mean diatoms decline from denitrification is 0.012 Gg N , reducing DIC uptake by 2.793 Gg C and resulting in an estimated gross primary production of 0.080 Gg N in the northern Benguela. Anammox drives an estimated flagellates decline of 0.008 Gg N , a diatoms increase of 0.873 Gg N and DIC uptake of up to 46.08 Gg C . The direct links between denitrification, anammox, DIC uptake and primary production as demonstrated in this study present considerable implications for the biological pump in the northern Benguela.
All‐Sky Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects at the ARM SGP Site
Authors: Balmes Kelly A. , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAll‐sky aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) was estimated for the first time at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site using multiyear ground‐based observations. The NASA Langley Fu‐Liou radiation model was employed. Observed inputs for the radiation model include aerosol and cloud vertical extinction profile from Raman lidar; spectral aerosol optical depth, single‐scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor from Aerosol Robotic Network; cloud water content profiles from radars; temperature and water vapor profiles from radiosondes; and surface shortwave spectral albedo from radiometers. A cloudy‐sky radiative closure experiment was performed. The relative mean differences between modeled and observed surface downwelling shortwave total fluxes were 6% (7%) for transparent (opaque) cloudy‐skies. The estimated annual mean all‐sky aerosol DRE is −2.130.54 W m−2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and −5.950.87 W m−2 at the surface, compared to −3.000.58 W m−2 and −6.851.00 W m−2, respectively, under clear‐sky conditions. The seasonal cycle of all‐sky aerosol DRE is similar to that of the clear‐sky, except with secondary influences of the clouds: The cloud radiative effect is strongest (most negative) in the spring, which reduces the all‐sky aerosol DRE. The relative uncertainties in all‐sky aerosol DRE due to measurement errors are generally comparable to those in clear‐sky conditions except for the aerosol single‐scattering albedo. The TOA all‐sky aerosol DRE relative uncertainty due to aerosol single‐scattering albedo uncertainty is larger than that in clear‐sky, leading to a larger total relative uncertainty. The measurement errors in cloud properties have small effects on the all‐sky aerosol DRE.
Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses
Authors: Räuber Saskia , Heming Michael , Repple Jonathan , Ruland Tillmann , Kuelby Rebecca , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Gross Catharina C. , Arolt Volker , Baune Bernhard , Hahn Tim , Dannlowski Udo , Meuth Sven G. , Melzer Nico , Wiendl Heinz , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsychotic disorders are common and disabling mental conditions. The relative importance of immune-related mechanisms in psychotic disorders remains subject of debate. Here, we present a large-scale retrospective study of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune cell profiles of psychosis spectrum patients. We performed basic CSF analysis and multi-dimensional flow cytometry of CSF and blood cells from 59 patients with primary psychotic disorders (F20, F22, F23, and F25) in comparison to inflammatory (49 RRMS and 16 NMDARE patients) and non-inflammatory controls (52 IIH patients). We replicated the known expansion of monocytes in the blood of psychosis spectrum patients, that we identified to preferentially affect classical monocytes. In the CSF, we found a relative shift from lymphocytes to monocytes, increased protein levels, and evidence of blood–brain barrier disruption in psychosis. In fact, these CSF features confidently distinguished autoimmune encephalitis from psychosis despite similar (initial) clinical features. We then constructed machine learning models incorporating blood and CSF parameters and demonstrated their superior ability to differentiate psychosis from non-inflammatory controls compared to individual parameters. Multi-dimensional and multi-compartment immune cell signatures can thus support the diagnosis of psychosis spectrum disorders with the potential to accelerate diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
FBP1 regulates proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance by participating in C-MYC/STAT3 signaling axis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Haoran , Qi Zihao , Niu Yongdong , Yang Yufei , Li Mengjiao , Pang Yangyang , Liu Mingming , Cheng Xi , Xu Midie , Wang Ziliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and an important tumor suppressor in human malignancies. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of FBP1 in ovarian cancer, the molecular mechanisms that regulate FBP1 expression and to examine how the FBP1 regulatory axis contributes to tumorigenesis and progression in ovarian cancer. We showed that FBP1 expression was significantly decreased in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues, and low-FBP1 expression predicted poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. The enhanced expression of FBP1 in ovarian cancer cell lines suppressed proliferation and 2-D/3-D invasion, reduced aerobic glycolysis, and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, DNA methylation and C-MYC binding at the promoter inhibited FBP1 expression. Furthermore, through physical interactions with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), FBP1 suppressed nuclear translocation of STAT3 and exerted its non-metabolic enzymatic activity to induce the dysfunction of STAT3. Thus, our study suggests that FBP1 may be a valuable prognostic predictor for ovarian cancer. C-MYC-dependent downregulation of FBP1 acted as a tumor suppressor via modulating STAT3, and the C-MYC/FBP1/STAT3 axis could be a therapeutic target.
The long shadow of socioeconomic deprivation over the modern management of acute myeloid leukemia: time to unravel the challenges
Authors: John M. Joseph , Kuriakose Philip , Smith Mark , Roman Eve , Tauro Sudhir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiological and non-biological variables unrelated to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) preclude standard therapy in many settings, with “real world” patients under-represented in clinical trials and prognostic models. Here, using a case-based format, we illustrate the impact that socioeconomic and anthropogeographical constraints can have on optimally managing AML in 4 different healthcare systems. The granular details provided, emphasize the need for the development and targeting of socioeconomic interventions that are commensurate with the changing landscape of AML therapeutics, in order to avoid worsening the disparity in outcomes between patients with biologically similar disease.
A novel CDC25A/DYRK2 regulatory switch modulates cell cycle and survival
Authors: Lara-Chica Maribel , Correa-Sáez Alejandro , Jiménez-Izquierdo Rafael , Garrido-Rodríguez Martín , Ponce Francisco J. , Moreno Rita , Morrison Kimberley , Di Vona Chiara , Arató Krisztina , Jiménez-Jiménez Carla , Morrugares Rosario , Schmitz M. Lienhard , de la Luna Susana , de la Vega Laureano , Calzado Marco A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) phosphatase is a key regulator of cell cycle progression that acts on the phosphorylation status of Cyclin–Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, with an emergent role in the DNA damage response and cell survival control. The regulation of CDC25A activity and its protein level is essential to control the cell cycle and maintain genomic integrity. Here we describe a novel ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated pathway negatively regulating CDC25A stability, dependent on its phosphorylation by the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2. DYRK2 phosphorylates CDC25A on at least 7 residues, resulting in its degradation independent of the known CDC25A E3 ubiquitin ligases. CDC25A in turn is able to control the phosphorylation of DYRK2 at several residues outside from its activation loop, thus affecting DYRK2 localization and activity. An inverse correlation between DYRK2 and CDC25A protein amounts was observed during cell cycle progression and in response to DNA damage, with CDC25A accumulation responding to the manipulation of DYRK2 levels or activity in either physiological scenario. Functional data show that the pro-survival activity of CDC25A and the pro-apoptotic activity of DYRK2 could be partly explained by the mutual regulation between both proteins. Moreover, DYRK2 modulation of CDC25A expression and/or activity contributes to the DYRK2 role in cell cycle regulation. Altogether, we provide evidence suggesting that DYRK2 and CDC25A mutually control their activity and stability by a feedback regulatory loop, with a relevant effect on the genotoxic stress pathway, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation.
Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data reveals the key role of LINC00467 in the invasion and metastasis of testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Bo Hao , Zhu Fang , Liu Zhizhong , Deng Qi , Liu Guangmin , Li Ruixue , Zhu Wenbing , Tan Yueqiu , Liu Gang , Fan Jingyu , Fan Liqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of lncRNAs in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) has been rarely reported. Our purpose is to comprehensively survey the expression and function of lncRNAs in TGCT. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to construct the lncRNA expression profiles of 13 TGCT tissues and 4 paraneoplastic tissues to explore the function of lncRNAs in TGCT. The bioinformatics analysis showed that many lncRNAs are differentially expressed in TGCT. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs participated in various biological processes associated with tumorigenesis incisandtransmanners. Further, we found that the expression of LINC00467 was positively correlated with the poor prognosis and pathological grade of TGCT using WGCNA analysis and GEPIA database data mining. In vitro experiments revealed that LNC00467 could promote the migration and invasion of TGCT cells by regulating the expression of AKT3 and influencing total AKT phosphorylation. Further analysis of TCGA data revealed that the expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and the response to PD1 immunotherapy. In summary, this study is the first to construct the expression profile of lncRNAs in TGCT. It is also the first study to identify the metastasis-promoting role of LNC00467, which can be used as a potential predictor of TGCT prognosis and immunotherapeutic response to provide a clinical reference for the treatment and diagnosis of TGCT metastasis.
Human sensorimotor organoids derived from healthy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stem cells form neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Pereira João D. , DuBreuil Daniel M. , Devlin Anna-Claire , Held Aaron , Sapir Yechiam , Berezovski Eugene , Hawrot James , Dorfman Katherine , Chander Vignesh , Wainger Brian J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) hold promise for modeling diseases in individual human genetic backgrounds and thus for developing precision medicine. Here, we generate sensorimotor organoids containing physiologically functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and apply the model to different subgroups of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Using a range of molecular, genomic, and physiological techniques, we identify and characterize motor neurons and skeletal muscle, along with sensory neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and vasculature. Organoid cultures derived from multiple human iPSC lines generated from individuals with ALS and isogenic lines edited to harbor familial ALS mutations show impairment at the level of the NMJ, as detected by both contraction and immunocytochemical measurements. The physiological resolution of the human NMJ synapse, combined with the generation of major cellular cohorts exerting autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects in motor and sensory diseases, may prove valuable to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS.
Whole-genome sequencing of Schistosoma mansoni reveals extensive diversity with limited selection despite mass drug administration
Authors: Berger Duncan J. , Crellen Thomas , Lamberton Poppy H. L. , Allan Fiona , Tracey Alan , Noonan Jennifer D. , Kabatereine Narcis B. , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Adriko Moses , Holroyd Nancy , Webster Joanne P. , Berriman Matthew , Cotton James A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractControl and elimination of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis relies on mass administration of praziquantel. Whilst these programmes reduce infection prevalence and intensity, their impact on parasite transmission and evolution is poorly understood. Here we examine the genomic impact of repeated mass drug administration onSchistosoma mansonipopulations with documented reduced praziquantel efficacy. We sequenced whole-genomes of 198S. mansonilarvae from 34 Ugandan children from regions with contrasting praziquantel exposure. Parasites infecting children from Lake Victoria, a transmission hotspot, form a diverse panmictic population. A single round of treatment did not reduce this diversity with no apparent population contraction caused by long-term praziquantel use. We find evidence of positive selection acting on members of gene families previously implicated in praziquantel action, but detect no high frequency functionally impactful variants. As efforts to eliminate schistosomiasis intensify, our study provides a foundation for genomic surveillance of this major human parasite.
A mechatronic shape display based on auxetic materials
Authors: Steed Anthony , Ofek Eyal , Sinclair Mike , Gonzalez-Franco Mar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShape displays enable people to touch simulated surfaces. A common architecture of such devices uses a mechatronic pin-matrix. Besides their complexity and high cost, these matrix displays suffer from sharp edges due to the discreet representation which reduces their ability to render a large continuous surface when sliding the hand. We propose using an engineered auxetic material actuated by a smaller number of motors. The material bends in multiple directions, feeling smooth and rigid to touch. A prototype implementation uses nine actuators on a 220 mm square section of material. It can display a range of surface curvatures under the palm of a user without aliased edges. In this work we use an auxetic skeleton to provide rigidity on a soft material and demonstrate the potential of this class of surface through user experiments.
Long-life lithium-sulfur batteries with high areal capacity based on coaxial CNTs@TiN-TiO2 sponge
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ono Luis K. , Tong Guoqing , Liu Yuqiang , Qi Yabing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRational design of heterostructures opens up new opportunities as an ideal catalyst system for lithium polysulfides conversion in lithium-sulfur battery. However, its traditional fabrication process is complex, which makes it difficult to reasonably control the content and distribution of each component. In this work, to rationally design the heterostructure, the atomic layer deposition is utilized to hybridize the TiO2-TiN heterostructure with the three-dimensional carbon nanotube sponge. Through optimizing the deposited thickness of TiO2 and TiN layers and adopting the annealing post-treatment, the derived coaxial sponge with uniform TiN-TiO2 heterostructure exhibits the best catalytic ability. The corresponding lithium-sulfur battery shows enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacity of 1289 mAh g−1 at 1 C and capacity retention of 85% after 500 cycles at 2 C. Furthermore, benefiting from the highly porous structure and interconnected conductive pathways from the sponge, its areal capacity reaches up to 21.5 mAh cm−2.
Seven-month kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and role of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses
Authors: Ortega Natalia , Ribes Marta , Vidal Marta , Rubio Rocío , Aguilar Ruth , Williams Sarah , Barrios Diana , Alonso Selena , Hernández-Luis Pablo , Mitchell Robert A. , Jairoce Chenjerai , Cruz Angeline , Jimenez Alfons , Santano Rebeca , Méndez Susana , Lamoglia Montserrat , Rosell Neus , Llupià Anna , Puyol Laura , Chi Jordi , Melero Natalia Rodrigo , Parras Daniel , Serra Pau , Pradenas Edwards , Trinité Benjamin , Blanco Julià , Mayor Alfredo , Barroso Sonia , Varela Pilar , Vilella Anna , Trilla Antoni , Santamaria Pere , Carolis Carlo , Tortajada Marta , Izquierdo Luis , Angulo Ana , Engel Pablo , García-Basteiro Alberto L. , Moncunill Gemma , Dobaño Carlota 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnraveling the long-term kinetics of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the individual characteristics influencing it, including the impact of pre-existing antibodies to human coronaviruses causing common cold (HCoVs), is essential to understand protective immunity to COVID-19 and devise effective surveillance strategies. IgM, IgA and IgG levels against six SARS-CoV-2 antigens and the nucleocapsid antigen of the four HCoV (229E, NL63, OC43 and HKU1) were quantified by Luminex, and antibody neutralization capacity was assessed by flow cytometry, in a cohort of health care workers followed up to 7 months (N = 578). Seroprevalence increases over time from 13.5% (month 0) and 15.6% (month 1) to 16.4% (month 6). Levels of antibodies, including those with neutralizing capacity, are stable over time, except IgG to nucleocapsid antigen and IgM levels that wane. After the peak response, anti-spike antibody levels increase from ~150 days post-symptom onset in all individuals (73% for IgG), in the absence of any evidence of re-exposure. IgG and IgA to HCoV are significantly higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic seropositive individuals. Thus, pre-existing cross-reactive HCoVs antibodies could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.
Purple sulfur bacteria fix N2 via molybdenum-nitrogenase in a low molybdenum Proterozoic ocean analogue
Authors: Philippi Miriam , Kitzinger Katharina , Berg Jasmine S. , Tschitschko Bernhard , Kidane Abiel T. , Littmann Sten , Marchant Hannah K. , Storelli Nicola , Winkel Lenny H. E. , Schubert Carsten J. , Mohr Wiebke , Kuypers Marcel M. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiological N2fixation was key to the expansion of life on early Earth. The N2-fixing microorganisms and the nitrogenase type used in the Proterozoic are unknown, although it has been proposed that the canonical molybdenum-nitrogenase was not used due to low molybdenum availability. We investigate N2fixation in Lake Cadagno, an analogue system to the sulfidic Proterozoic continental margins, using a combination of biogeochemical, molecular and single cell techniques. In Lake Cadagno, purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are responsible for high N2fixation rates, to our knowledge providing the first direct evidence for PSB in situ N2fixation. Surprisingly, no alternative nitrogenases are detectable, and N2fixation is exclusively catalyzed by molybdenum-nitrogenase. Our results show that molybdenum-nitrogenase is functional at low molybdenum conditions in situ and that in contrast to previous beliefs, PSB may have driven N2fixation in the Proterozoic ocean.