bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retromaxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus: an overlooked recess
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Almolla Rania Mostafa , Eldeeb Diaa Bakry , Oraby Tamer Abdelkader , Ibrahim Ahmed Abdelatty , Nofal Ahmed Abdel Fattah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Retro-maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus is an area that is yet to have appropriate description in the literature and usually overlooked. The objective of the current study was to determine the incidence and detailed description of the retromaxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus by multi-slices computed tomography (MSCT) in adults. Paranasal MSCT scan of asymptomatic adults was done for all our subjects to obtain delicate anatomical details of the recess using coronal, axial, and sagittal reformatted capability. Each sphenoid sinus in the CT was revised to find and describe the retro-maxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus regarding its extensions and dimensions.

Results
This study included 100 adult subjects (200 sphenoid sinuses); retro-maxillary recess was detected in 16.5% (33 sides) of them using MSCT. They were distributed in 20 subjects (20% of all examined sphenoid sinuses). Sixty-five percent of reported recesses were bilateral. Range of antero-posterior diameter (depth) of the recess was 3.9 to 14 mm while its width range was 1.1 to 9 mm. The thickness of the bony septum between the recess and the maxillary sinus ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 mm.

Conclusion
Current work described in details the retromaxillary recess in CT and its nearby surrounding important structures in all directions. From our results, it is recommended to add the retromaxillary recess of the sphenoid sinus to the preoperative CT checklist particularly in revision cases.
Differences in care between younger and older patients in the 2019 English national memory service audit
Authors: Cook Laura D. , Souris Helen , Isaacs Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2021

Aims and methodThis paper analyses how practice varied between patients aged <65 and ≥65 years in the 2019 UK national memory service audit.ResultsData on 3959 patients were analysed. Those aged <65 (7% of the sample) were less likely than those aged ≥65 to be diagnosed with dementia (23 v. 67%) and more likely to receive a functional, psychiatric or no diagnosis. Younger patients were more likely to have magnetic resonance imaging; use of dementia biomarkers was low in both groups. Frontotemporal dementia and functional cognitive disorder were diagnosed infrequently. Use of dementia navigators/advisors and carer psychoeducation was similar between groups; younger patients were less likely to be offered but more likely to accept cognitive stimulation therapy.Clinical implicationsMemory services seeing younger people need expertise in functional cognitive disorder, alongside clinical skills and technologies to diagnose rarer forms of dementia. Further work is needed to understand why cognitive stimulation therapy is less frequently offered to younger people.
Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial
Authors: van Vliet Noortje I. , Huntjens Rafaele J. C. , van Dijk Maarten K. , Bachrach Nathan , Meewisse Marie-Louise , de Jongh Ad 
Published: November 2021

Background
It is unclear whether people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of complex PTSD due to childhood abuse need a treatment approach different from approaches in the PTSD treatment guidelines.

Aims
To determine whether a phase-based approach is more effective than an immediate trauma-focused approach in people with childhood-trauma related PTSD (Netherlands Trial Registry no.: NTR5991).

Method
Adults with PTSD following childhood abuse were randomly assigned to either a phase-based treatment condition (8 sessions of Skills Training in Affect and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR), followed by 16 sessions of eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy; n = 57) or an immediately trauma-focused treatment condition (16 sessions of EMDR therapy; n = 64). Participants were assessed for symptoms of PTSD and complex PTSD, and other forms of psychopathology before, during and after treatment and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.

Results
Data were analysed with linear mixed models. No significant differences between the two treatments on any variable at post-treatment or follow-up were found. Post-treatment, 68.8% no longer met PTSD diagnostic criteria. Self-reported PTSD symptoms significantly decreased for both STAIR–EMDR therapy (d = 0.93) and EMDR therapy (d = 1.54) from pre- to post-treatment assessment, without significant difference between the two conditions. No differences in drop-out rates between the conditions were found (STAIR–EMDR 22.8% v. EMDR 17.2%). No study-related adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
This study provides compelling support for the use of EMDR therapy alone for the treatment of PTSD due to childhood abuse as opposed to needing any preparatory intervention.
Single-particle excitations and metal-insulator transition of ultracold Fermi atoms in one-dimensional optical lattice with spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Han Rui , Yuan Feng , Zhao Huaisong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamic structure factors reflecting the excitation spectra were investigated in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice with a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. The results reveal that the single-particle excitations of both the density and spin dynamical structure factors are strongly reconstructed and split owing to the SOC effect, and a hat-like excitation band appears in the high-binding-energy region. The hat-like excitation band of the density dynamical structure factor exhibits an arc form, and has a pocket in the spin dynamical structure factor. In particular, only a gapless single-particle excitation point is left for both the density dynamical structure factor and the spin dynamical structure factor when the SOC strength reaches a critical point at half-filling. A stronger SOC strength causes the gapless excitation points to disappear, which indicates that the metal-insulator transition occurs. The metal-insulator transition only appears in half-filling and lightly doped regimes.
Enhanced Recovery Programs in an Ambulatory Surgical Oncology Center
Authors: Afonso Anoushka M. , McCormick Patrick J. , Assel Melissa J. , Rieth Elizabeth , Barnett Kara , Tokita Hanae K. , Masson Geema , Laudone Vincent , Simon Brett A. , Twersky Rebecca S. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:
We describe the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs designed to minimize postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain and reduce opioid use in patients undergoing selected procedures at an ambulatory cancer surgery center. Key components of the ERAS included preoperative patient education regarding the postoperative course, liberal preoperative hydration, standardized PONV prophylaxis, appropriate intraoperative fluid management, and multimodal analgesia at all stages.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed data on patients who underwent mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction, minimally invasive hysterectomy, thyroidectomy, or minimally invasive prostatectomy from the opening of our institution on January 2016 to December 2018. Data collected included use of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), rate of PONV rescue, time to first oral opioid, and total intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption. Compliance with ERAS elements was determined for each service. Quality outcomes included time to first ambulation, postoperative length of stay (LOS), rate of reoperation, rate of transfer to acute care hospital, 30-day readmission, and urgent care visits ≤30 days.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 6781 ambulatory surgery cases (2965 mastectomies, 1099 hysterectomies, 680 thyroidectomies, and 1976 prostatectomies). PONV rescue decreased most appreciably for mastectomy (28% decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI], –36 to –22). TIVA use increased for both mastectomies (28%; 95% CI, 20-40) and hysterectomies (58%; 95% CI, 46-76). Total intraoperative opioid administration decreased over time across all procedures. Time to first oral opioid decreased for all surgeries; decreases ranged from 0.96 hours (95% CI, 2.1-1.4) for thyroidectomies to 3.3 hours (95% CI, 4.5 to –1.7) for hysterectomies. Total postoperative opioid consumption did not change by a clinically meaningful degree for any surgery. Compliance with ERAS measures was generally high but varied among surgeries.

CONCLUSIONS:
This quality improvement study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing ERAS at an ambulatory surgery center. However, the study did not include either a concurrent or preintervention control so that further studies are needed to assess whether there is an association between implementation of ERAS components and improvements in outcomes. Nevertheless, we provide benchmarking data on postoperative outcomes during the first 3 years of ERAS implementation. Our findings reflect progressive improvement achieved through continuous feedback and education of staff.
Effect of cogon grass root ethanol extract on fatty acid binding protein 4 and oxidative stress markers in a sepsis mouse model
Authors: Putri Mirasari , Rastiarsa Bening Mauliddina , Djajanagara Raden Aliya T. M. , Ramli Ghaliby Ardhia , Anggraeni Neni , Sutadipura Nugraha , Atik Nur , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Sepsis causes several immunological and metabolic alterations that induce oxidative stress. The modulation of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been shown to worsen this condition. Extract of cogon grass root (ECGR) contains flavonoids and isoeugenol compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the effects of ECGR on FABP4 and oxidative stress–related factors in a sepsis mouse model. Methods: Twenty-nine male mice (Mus musculus) of the Deutsche Denken Yoken strain were divided into four groups: group 1, control; group 2, mice treated with 10 μL/kg body weight (BW) lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and groups 3 and 4, mice pre-treated with 90 and 115 mg/kg BW, respectively, and then treated with 10 μL/kg BW LPS for 14 d. Blood, liver, spleen, and cardiac tissue samples were collected and subjected to histological and complete blood examinations. Antioxidant activity, FABP4 levels, and immune system-associated biomarker levels were also measured. Results: Significant increases in platelet levels (p = 0.03), cardiomyocyte counts (p =0.004), and hepatocyte counts (p = 0.0004) were observed in group 4 compared with those in group 2. Conversely, compared with those in group 2, there were significant decreases in TNF-α expression in group 3 (p = 0.004), white pulp length and width in group 4 (p = 0.001), FABP4 levels in groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.012, respectively), lymphocyte counts in group 4 (p = 0.009), monocyte counts (p = 0.000) and polymorphonuclear cell counts in the livers (p = 0.000) and hearts (p = 0.000) of groups 3 and 4. Gpx3 activity was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Cogon grass root may aid in the development of herbal medicines and specific treatments for sepsis.
Disinfection of the root canal system: what should the protocol be?
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J 
Published: November 2021

The presence of micro-organisms within the root canal system is the critical aetiological factor in peri-radicular periodontitis. During root canal treatment (RCT) it is imperative that this infection and other organic debris are removed from the root canal system. This is challenging because complex tooth anatomy, the presence of a biofilm and the smear layer complicate the process. There are a number of irrigant chemicals and adjunctive systems available in contemporary endodontic practice that are used to disinfect the root canal system during root canal preparation. This article reviews the available evidence concerning these disinfection methods and concludes by presenting a clinical protocol supported by the literature. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A clinical protocol, supported by the literature, is presented for effective decontamination of the root canal system during root canal therapy.
Mouth preparation for complete dentures
Authors: Leyssen Wouter , Abdelaziz Noha , Walmsley AD 
Published: November 2021

The success of complete dentures is highly dependent on the anatomy of the oral cavity. Several conditions can affect the final denture fit. Disorders of the soft tissues, such as denture hyperplasia, denture stomatitis and mucosal pathology may play a role. There are also difficulties related to the shape of the bone, including excessively large undercuts/bony exostoses, tori, enlarged tuberosities and flabby ridges and other factors, such as xerostomia to be considered. The aim of this article is to help diagnose these conditions and to suggest ways of overcoming the individual problems with which patients present before starting denture construction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The diagnosis of several oral conditions and their appropriate management may help achieve an optimal outcome when constructing complete dentures.
The opioid crisis: evaluating the safety and efficacy of opioid analgesia in the management of acute post-operative dental pain
Authors: Merrick Daniel , O'Sullivan Michael , Clarke Mary 
Published: November 2021

The use and misuse of opioid analgesics have been highlighted in recent years. This review assesses dental opioid use, the effectiveness of opioid-containing analgesics versus non-opioid alternatives and the implications for post-operative pain management strategies in the dental practice. Guidelines for the management of acute post-operative dental pain differ from country to country. The UK has a low dental opioid use rate when compared to the US. The combination of paracetamol and ibuprofen has similar, if not better, analgesic properties compared to opioid-containing alternatives, with fewer adverse effects. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Non-opioid analgesics are both a safe and effective alternative to opioid analgesics in the management of post-operative dental pain.
Current COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology and dentistry
Authors: Samaranayake Lakshman 
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine story is continuously unfolding. Since our previous COVID-19 commentaries, much new information has transpired on the subject, and here we revisit this topic, which has practical implications for all stakeholders in dentistry, as well as the public. This article, on current vaccine epidemiology, provides an account of why vaccines fail in general, and the particular concerns in relation to the new Delta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related ‘variants of concern’. Issues related to vaccine failure are fundamentally dichotomous in nature, appertaining either to the vaccine strain (type) per se, and/or the numerous endogenous factors of the vaccine recipient/vaccinee. Societal factors such as vaccine hesitancy and its impact on herd immunity appear to overarch the long-term goal of total or partial global suppression of SARS-CoV-2, and its eventual endemicity. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To describe the reasons for the failure of currently administered COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in relation to the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’, and discuss implications for clinical dental practice.
Quantum dots assisted in vivo two-photon microscopy with NIR-II emission
Authors: Ni Huwei , Wang Yalun , Tang Tao , Yu Wenbin , Li Dongyu , He Mubin , Chen Runze , Zhang Mingxi , Qian Jun 
Published: November 2021

With the advantages of high resolution and deep penetration depth, two-photon excited NIR-II (900–1880 nm) fluorescence (2PF) microscopic bioimaging is promising. However, due to the lack of imaging systems and suitable probes, few such works, to our best knowledge, were demonstrated utilizing NIR-II excitation and NIR-II fluorescence simultaneously. Herein, we used aqueously dispersible PbS/CdS quantum dots with bright NIR-II fluorescence as the contrast agents. Under the excitation of a 1550 nm femtosecond (fs) laser, they emitted bright 2PF in the NIR-II region. Moreover, a 2PF lifetime imaging microscopic (2PFLIM) system was implemented, and in vivo 2PFLIM images of mouse brain blood vessels were obtained for the first time to our best knowledge. To improve imaging speed, an in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) system based on an InGaAs camera was implemented, and in vivo 2PFM images of QDs-stained mouse brain blood vessels were obtained.
α-galactosylceramide-stimulated invariant natural killer T-cells play a protective role in murine vulvovaginal candidiasis by Candida albicans
Authors: Abe Masahiro , Kinjo Yuki , Sadamoto Sota , Shinozaki Minoru , Nagi Minoru , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu 
Published: November 2021

Background
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common superficial candidiasis; however, a host’s immunological mechanism against vaginal Candida infection remains unknown.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of iNKT cell activation on vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Methods
Using a vulvovaginal candidiasis model with estrogenized mice, we evaluated the fungal burden and number of leukocyte infiltrations in the vaginal lavage of wild-type C57BL/6J mice after Candida albicans inoculation. One day before C. albicans inoculation, α-galactosylceramide (the α-GalCer group) or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (the sham group) was intraperitoneally injected into the mice. We also evaluated the level of antimicrobial peptide S100A8 in the vaginal lavage and analyzed the correlation between S100A8 concentration and the number of vaginal leukocyte infiltrations. Moreover, the number of uterine and vaginal immune cells were evaluated using flow cytometry.

Results
The number of vaginal leukocyte infiltrations was significantly higher in the α-GalCer group than in the sham group 3 days after C. albicans inoculation. In addition, the fungal burden was significantly lower in the α-GalCer group than the sham group at 7 days after inoculation. In the analysis of S100A8 concentration of vaginal lavage, there were no significant differences between these two groups, although S100A8 concentration and the number of vaginal leukocyte infiltrations were positively correlated in the α-GalCer group. Moreover, the number of vaginal iNKT cells, NK cells and CD8+ T-cells was significantly higher in the α-GalCer group 3 days after inoculation.

Conclusions
α-GalCer-stimulated iNKT cells likely play a protective role against vulvovaginal candidiasis.
A randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled study of left prefrontal cortex 15 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine consumption and craving
Authors: Lolli Francesco , Salimova Maya , Scarpino Maenia , Lanzo Giovanni , Cossu Cesarina , Bastianelli Maria , Occupati Brunella , Gori Filippo , Del Vecchio Amedeo , Ercolini Anita , Pascolo Silvia , Cimino Virginia , Meneghin Nicolò , Fierini Fabio , D’Anna Giulio , Innocenti Matteo , Ballerini Andrea , Pallanti Stefano , Grippo Antonello , Mannaioni Guido 
Published: November 2021

Background
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a global health issue with no effective treatment. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a recently proposed therapy for CUD.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded, parallel-group research with patients randomly allocated to rTMS (15 Hz) or Sham group (1:1) using a computerised block randomisation process. We enrolled 62 of 81 CUD patients in two years. Patients were followed for eight weeks after receiving 15 15 Hz rTMS/sham sessions over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the first three weeks of the study. We targeted the DLFPC following the 5 cm method. Cocaine lapses in twice a week urine tests were the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were craving severity, cocaine use pattern, and psychometric assessments.

Findings
We randomly allocated patients to either an active rTMS group (32 subjects) or a sham treatment group (30 subjects). Thirteen (42%) and twelve (43.3%) of the subjects in rTMS and sham groups, respectively, completed the full trial regimen, displaying a high dropout rate. Ten/30 (33%) of rTMS-treated patients tested negative for cocaine in urine, in contrast to 4/27 of placebo controls (p = 0.18, odd ratio 2.88, CI 0.9–10). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve did not state a significant change between the treated and sham groups in the time of cocaine urine negativisation (p = 0.20). However, the severity of cocaine-related cues mediated craving (VAS peak) was substantially decreased in the rTMS treated group (p<0.03) after treatment at T1, corresponding to the end of rTMS treatment. Furthermore, in the rTMS and sham groups, self-reported days of cocaine use decreased significantly (p<0.03). Finally, psychometric impulsivity parameters improved in rTMS-treated patients, while depression scales improved in both groups.

Conclusions
In CUD, rTMS could be a useful tool for lowering cocaine craving and consumption.

Trial registration
The study number on clinicalTrials.gov is NCT03607591.
At home and online during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship to alcohol consumption in a national sample of U.S. adults
Authors: Chartier Karen G. , Guidry Jeanine P. D. , Lee Catherine A. , Buckley Thomas D. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
The current study aimed to understand the links between social media use and alcohol consumption during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
Data were from the national Understanding American Study, a probability-based Internet panel weighted to represent the U.S. population. Subjects (N = 5874; 51% female) were adults, 18 years and older, who completed a March survey (wave 1) and a follow-up survey one month later (wave 3). Analyses assessed the relationships of social media use at wave 1 with wave 3 alcohol use frequency, accounting for wave 1 alcohol use frequency and the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Two alcohol use change variables were also assessed as outcomes–increased and decreased alcohol use between waves. We considered the effect of work status changes (working/studying from home and job loss) as potential moderators.

Results
Twitter and Instagram users and users of multiple social media platforms, but not Facebook users, drank more frequently at wave 3. The results were similar when assessing relationships between social media use and increased alcohol use between waves. For Instagram users, more frequent alcohol use at wave 3 was at least partially attributed to drinking frequency at wave 1. Additionally, working/studying from home at wave 3 and employment (rather than job loss) were associated with greater consumption. The interaction effect between Twitter use and working/studying from home was statistically significant in association with alcohol use frequency at wave 3, as was the interaction effect between using multiple platforms and working/studying from home in association with decreased alcohol use between waves.

Discussion
Exposure to content about COVID-19 and increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic may have contributed to more frequent alcohol use for some social media users. The study of public health messaging via social media to change alcohol use behaviors during traumatic events is warranted.