bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a rapid plasma decontamination system for decontamination and reuse of filtering facepiece respirators
Authors: Kim Minkwan , Lawson John , Hervé Rodolphe , Jakob Henrike , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram , Keevil Charles W. 
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high demand for filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), which has brought global challenges in sustaining the supply chain for FFRs. Because respirators are basic personal protective equipment to protect frontline healthcare workers against COVID-19, the chronic, global shortage of N95/N99 masks is one of the most urgent threats to our collective ability to save lives from the coronavirus. The reuse of masks may need to be considered as a crisis capacity strategy to ensure continued availability even though most of the masks are considered one-time use. Moreover, environmentalists warn that single-use masks add to the glut of plastic pollution, threatening the health of oceans and marine life. In this study, we develop a method to decontaminate respirators to reuse filtering facepiece respirators. Samples of SARS-CoV-2 are applied to the 4 × 4 cm2 samples of FFP2 and FFP3 respirator materials. The filtration efficiency of plasma treated samples is measured using a planar particle image velocimetry technique with a neutrally charged polydisperse aerosol particle of NaCl. The measured viral decontamination and filtration efficiencies show that the developed plasma decontamination system can achieve a 4-log reduction for the coronavirus without reducing the filtration efficiency of masks after 5-min plasma exposure. The developed plasma decontamination system demonstrates the feasibility to tackle the acute shortages of FFRs in many countries and their environmental and economic burdens against discarding reusable masks.
Metabolic programming of Rhododendron chrysanthum leaves following exposure to UVB irradiation
Authors: Zhou Xiaofu , Lyu Jie , Sun Li , Dong Jiawei , Xu Hongwei 
Published: October 2021

Excessive UVB reaching the earth is a cause for concern. To decipher the mechanism concerning UVB resistance of plants, we studied the effects of UVB radiation on photosynthesis and metabolic profiling of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. by applying 2.3 W m−2 of UVB radiation for 2 days. Results showed that maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII (φPSII) decreased by 7.95% and 8.36%, respectively, following UVB exposure. Twenty five known metabolites were identified as most important by two different methods, including univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Treatment of R. chrysanthum with UVB increased the abundance of flavonoids, organic acids, and amino acids by 62%, 22%, and 5%, respectively. UVB irradiation also induced about 1.18-fold increase in 11 top-ranked metabolites identified: five organic acids (d-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid, maleic acid, glyceric acid, fumaric acid and suberic acid), four amino acids (l-norleucine, 3-oxoalanine, l-serine and glycine), and two fatty acids (pelargonic acid and myristoleic acid). In addition, UVB irradiation increased the intermediate products of arginine biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. Taken together, the accumulation of flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids, accompanied by enhancement of TCA cycle and arginine biosynthesis, may protect R. chrysanthum plants against UVB deleterious effects.
Cellular autofluorescence and browning in trichomes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) in response to mechanical stimulation and senescence
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhao Fanggui , Liu Xin 
Published: October 2021

There is limited information concerning the formation of dot-like browning appearing at the base of trichomes on mature leaves on the Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). This study confirmed for the first time that enhanced autofluorescence can be induced in the base of trichomes when pressure stimuli is applied to trichomes; the enhanced autofluorescence gradually moves to the top of trichomes and the neighbouring mesophyll tissue within 15 min. The excitation of autofluorescence in trichomes was found to be more effective in mature leaves compared to newly emergent leaves. Increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were also detected in the basal region of trichomes that were subjected to mechanical stimuli. Enhanced fluorescence was observed at the top of the trichomes in senescencing leaves. A browning in the base of the trichomes during leaf senescence was observed. In contrast, no browning occurred at the base of the trichomes in leaves that were subject to pressure stimuli. The blue fluorescence in the trichomes in senescent leaves arises mainly from the condensed cytoplasm. No direct evidence was able to prove that the enhanced autofluorescent substances in the trichomes during leaf senescence are the cause of the browning at the early growth stages.
The antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems contribute to the thermotolerance of
Authors: Sezgin Muslu Asiye , Kadıoğlu Asim 
Published: October 2021

This study focused on the impact of the antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems on extreme heat tolerance of the thermophilic plant Heliotropium thermophilum L. For this purpose, plants were exposed to 20, 40, 60 and 80 ± 5°C soil temperature gradually for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels of H. thermophilum were lower at 40 ± 5°C and higher at 80 ± 5°C compared with plants grown at 20 ± 5°C. Some antioxidant enzyme activities tended to increase in plants at 40, 60 and 80 ± 5°C compared with those at 20 ± 5°C and the protein contents responsible for the antioxidant enzymes were in parallel with these enzyme activities. The contents of both reduced and oxidised ascorbate and glutathione rose with increasing temperature. Methylglyoxal level was lower at 40 ± 5°C and higher at 80 ± 5°C compared with plants grown at 20 ± 5°C. Glyoxalase activities highly increased with rising of soil temperature from 20 ± 5°C to 80 ± 5°C. The results of this study suggest that differential modulations of enzymatic antioxidants and the increase in non-enzymatic antioxidants and glyoxalase activities can contribute to the development of the thermotolerance of H. thermophilum through the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal.
The Brigalow Catchment Study: VI.
Authors: Tiwari J. , Thornton C. M. , Yu B. 
Published: October 2021

Land clearing for cropping and grazing has increased runoff and sediment yield in Central Queensland. The Brigalow Catchment Study (BCS), was established to determine the effect of land clearing on water balance, soils, and productivity, and consisted of three catchments: brigalow forest, cropping, and grazing. Factors responsible for changes in and models for predicting sediment yield have not been assessed. Objectives of this study are to identify climatic, hydrological, and ground cover factors responsible for the increased sediment yield and to assess suitable models for sediment yield prediction. Runoff and sediment yield data from 1988 to 2018 were used to assess the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Modified USLE (MUSLE) to predict the sediment yield in brigalow catchments. Common events among the three catchments and events for all catchment pairs were assessed. The sediment yield was approximately 44% higher for cropping and 4% higher for grazing than that from the forested catchment. The runoff amount (Q) and peak runoff rate (Qp) were major variables that could explain most of the increased sediment yield over time. A comparison for each catchment pair showed that sediment yield was 801 kg ha−1 or 37% higher for cropping and 28 kg ha−1 or 2% higher for grazing than for the forested catchment. Regression analysis for three different treatments (seven common events) and for different storm events (15 for forested, 40 for cropping, and 20 for grazing) showed that Q and Qp were best correlated with sediment yield in comparison with variations in ground cover. The high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.60) provided support for using the MUSLE model, based on both Q and Qp, instead of the RUSLE, and Q and Qp were the most important factors for improving sediment yield predictions from BCS catchments.
Conversion of soil water retention and conductivity parameters from van Genuchten–Mualem to Groenevelt and Grant model
Authors: de Melo Marina Luciana Abreu , de Jong van Lier Quirijn , Armindo Robson André 
Published: October 2021

The van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) model is used largely to represent the relative soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention functions [Kr(Θ) and Θ(h)]. Alternative equations proposed by Groenevelt and Grant (GRT) present advantages regarding mathematical versatility. Considering the VGM model cannot be analytically converted into the GRT model, this study empirically related parameters n and α (VGM) to parameters p and k (GRT). We used 90 value combinations of n and α and minimised the sum of squared differences between VGM and GRT models. Linear equations were fitted and validated using soil samples from the UNSODA database. A singular equation of p as a function of n was fitted, while a two-step procedure was required to correlate k and α. All fits resulted in very high precision (r ≥ 0.999) and accuracy (RMSD ≤ 0.025 m3 m−3) for the water retention function and very high precision (r ≥ 0.994) for the hydraulic conductivity function. The accuracy for the Kr(Θ) function was high (RMSD ≤ 0.50) for 34 of the 40 tested soils. The derived empirical equations can be used to convert the equation parameters for Θ(h) regardless of soil type, and for Kr(Θ) with some restrictions upon parameter combinations.
A new perspective on the Basque kopla zaharrak from the Moroccan ayyus
Authors: Gintsburg Sarali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article I continue reading oral traditional poetry from a cognitive perspective. This time I use findings
obtained empirically from my previous research on the living short improvisational poetic genre ayyu from Morocco
(Gintsburg 2017, 2019a) and turn my
attention to kopla zaharrak, another short oral improvisational poetic genre, which once existed in the Basque
Country but is now extinct and almost forgotten. In order to better understand how this genre once functioned, I first apply to it
the notions of frames, or topics or themes, and scripts, or possible scenarios manifested at
least partly in form of formulaic language, which are triggered by them. The analysis reveals that on the cognitive level
kopla zaharrak offer a structure similar to the ayyu, where the first two lines work as a
frame and the last two lines as a script. In the second part of my research, I compare
examples of kopla zaharrak and ayyus and conclude that, despite obvious cultural and linguistic
differences, the way both traditions make use of images of the natural world and connect them to human situations has demonstrable
similarities.
Optimal indirect estimation for linear inverse problems with discretely sampled functional data
Authors: Pricop-Jeckstadt Mihaela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Optimal mean estimation from noisy independent pathes of a stochastic process that are indirectly observed is an issue of great interest in functional inverse problems. In this paper, minimax rates of convergence for a class of linear inverse problems with correlated noise, general source conditions and various degrees of ill-posedness are proven in a continuous setting, when the pathes are entirely observed, and in a projected framework. The phase transition phenomenon characteristic to the functional data analysis appears also here and the thresholds that separate the sparse and the dense data set scenarios are computed for different smoothness conditions. The common design proves to be a special case of the independent design in view of the interpretation of the sampling properties via s-numbers and the price to pay for the data correlation turns out to be high. Finally. numerical experiments involving Abel’s integral operator illustrate the goodness-of-fit of the Tikhonov estimator in various scenarios reflecting the common and independent design as well as sparse and dense sampling.
Energy calibration of the GEMPix in the energy range of 6 keV to 2 MeV
Authors: Leidner J. , Murtas F. , Silari M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The GEMPix is a small gaseous detector with a highly
pixelated readout, consisting of a drift region, three Gas Electron
Multipliers (GEMs) for signal amplification, and four Timepix ASICs
with 55 μm pixel pitch and a total of 262,144 pixels (512×512
pixels). A continuous flow of a gas mixture (here propane-based
tissue equivalent gas) is supplied externally at a rate of
5 L/h. By placing a sealed 241Am source outside of the
detector and varying the source-detector distance, the residual
energy of alpha particles entering the sensitive volume of the
GEMPix through a thin Mylar window is varied. An alpha spectrometry
measurement was performed to determine the emission spectrum of the
source, and this spectrum was then used as an input to a FLUKA Monte
Carlo simulation to obtain the residual energy of the alpha
particles. Thus, a calibration curve from 5.9 keV (from an
55Fe source) up to more than 2 MeV was obtained, which is
needed for future applications of the detector, in particular for
microdosimetry.
Multiplier norm of finite subsets of discrete groups
Authors: Chou Ching 
Published: October 2021

Let

G
G

be a discrete group,

V
N
(
G
)

VN(G)

the von Neumann algebra generated by the left translation operators and

A
(
G
)

A(G)

the Fourier algebra of

G
G

. Then

V
N
(
G
)

VN(G)

can be considered as a subspace of

ℓ
2

(
G
)

\ell ^2(G)

and

A
(
G
)
=

ℓ
2

(
G
)
∗

ℓ
2

(
G
)

A(G) = \ell ^2(G)*\ell ^2(G)

. The Banach space dual of

A
(
G
)

A(G)

is

V
N
(
G
)

VN(G)

. The duality between

φ
∈
V
N
(
G
)

\varphi \in VN(G)

and

u
∈
A
(
G
)

u \in A(G)

is

⟨
φ
,
u
⟩
=

∑

x
∈
G

φ
(
x
)
u
(
x
)

\langle \varphi ,u \rangle = \sum _{x \in G}{\varphi (x)u(x)}

, if

φ
∈

ℓ

1

(
G
)

\varphi \in \ell ^{1}(G)

or

u
∈

ℓ
2

(
G
)

u \in \ell ^2(G)

; in these two cases,

φ
u
∈

ℓ

1

(
G
)

\varphi u \in \ell ^{1}(G)

. We will show that if

G
G

is infinite then there exist

φ
∈
V
N
(
G
)

\varphi \in VN(G)

and

u
∈
A
(
G
)

u \in A(G)

such that

φ
u
∉

ℓ

1

(
G
)

\varphi u \notin \ell ^{1}(G)

. When

G
G

is countably infinite, this implies that there exist

φ
∈
V
N
(
G
)

\varphi \in VN(G)

,

u
∈
A
(
G
)

u \in A(G)

and an increasing sequence of finite subsets

F
n

F_n

,

G
=
⋃

F
n

G = \bigcup F_n

such that the sequence

∑

x
∈

F
n

φ
(
x
)
u
(
x
)

\sum _{x \in F_n}{\varphi (x)u(x)}

is divergent and therefore

‖

χ

F

n

‖

M
A
(
G
)

\|{\chi _{F}}_n \|_{MA(G)}

is unbounded. This leads us to give a preliminary study of the growth of

‖

χ

F

‖

M
A
(
G
)

\|\chi _{F}\|_{MA(G)}

as

|

F

|

|F|

, the size of the finite subset

F
F

of

G
G

, is increasing. Recall that when

G
=

Z

G = \mathbb {Z}

, the additive group of integers,

‖

χ

F

‖

M
A
(

Z

)

=

1

2
π

∫
0

2
π

|

∑

k
∈
F

e

i
k
x

|

d

x

\|\chi _{F}\|_{MA(\mathbb {Z})} = \frac {1}{2\pi }\int _0^{2\pi } \big |\sum _{k \in F} {e^{ikx}}\big | \, d{x}

.
Emergency Department Management of Chest Pain With a High-Sensitivity Troponin-Enabled 0/1-Hour Rule-Out Algorithm
Authors: Bevins Nicholas J , Chae Hyojin , Hubbard Jacqueline A , Castillo Edward M , Tolia Vaishal M , Daniels Lori B , Fitzgerald Robert L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The analytical sensitivity of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) assays has enabled rapid myocardial infarction rule-out algorithms for emergency department (ED) presentations. Few studies have analyzed the real-world impact of hsTnT algorithms on outcomes and operations.

Methods
Comparison of ED length of stay (LOS) and 30-day outcomes (return to ED, inpatient admission, and mortality) for patients presenting with chest pain during 2 separate 208-day periods using a 0/1-hour hsTnT-enabled algorithm or fourth-generation TnT.

Results
Discharge, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality rates were not significantly different with fourth-generation TnT vs hsTnT. Thirty-day return rates were significantly decreased with hsTnT (17.4% vs 14.9%; P &lt; .01). For encounters with TnT measured at least twice and resulting in discharge, median ED LOS decreased by 61 minutes with the use of hsTnT (488 vs 427 minutes; P &lt; .0001). Median time between first and second TnT results decreased by 82 minutes with hsTnT (202 vs 120 minutes; P &lt; .0001), suggesting that the 0/1-hour algorithm was incompletely adopted.

Conclusions
Implementation of the hsTnT algorithm was associated with decreased 30-day return rates and decreased ED LOS for a subset of patients, despite incomplete adoption of the 0/1-hour algorithm.
Synthesis and activity of 3-oxo-α-ionone analogs as male attractants for the solanaceous fruit fly,Bactrocera latifrons(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Haraguchi Dai , Ukuda-Hosokawa Rie , Andou Tsunaki , Matsuyama Takashi , Kohama Tsuguo , Eguchi Takashi , Ohno Satoshi , Ono Hajime , Nishida Ritsuo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTA series of 3-oxygenated α-ionone analogs have been developed as highly specific male lures for the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons, a pest of solanaceous fruits. We compared the attractant and phagostimulant activities of analogs with or without (i) unsaturations at the 4,5- and/or 7,8-positions and (ii) oxygen moieties at the 3- and/or 9-positions of the ionone molecule. Since naturally occurring vomifoliol (V2) was found to induce a highly potent phagostimulant activity in B. latifrons males, related analogs including dehydrovomifoliol (V1), 6-hydroxy-α-ionone (U1), and 6-hydroxy-α-ionol (U2) were synthesized to evaluate their attractant and phagostimulant activities. Synthetic V1, V2, U1, and U2 exhibited low attractant activity, but their phagostimulant activity was relatively high. Optical isomers of 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-α-ionone (P3) and V1 were prepared to examine the stereochemical specificity of attractants. (+)-(6R)-P3 and (+)-(6S)-V1 exhibited the corresponding activities, while their respective antipodal enantiomers were found entirely inactive.
SMYD1 alleviates septic myocardial injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Chen Meixue , Li Jing , Wang Jinfeng , Le Yuan , Liu Chunfeng 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a major complication of sepsis. SET and MYND domain containing 1 (SMYD1) has central importance in heart development, and its role in SIC has not been identified. Herein, we found that the expression of SMYD1 was downregulated in myocardial tissues of SIC patients (from GEO database: GSE79962) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SIC rats, and LPS-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes. We used LPS-stimulated H9c2 cells that mimic sepsis in vitro to explore the function of SMYD1 in SIC. MTT assay, LDH and CK-MB release assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA assay showed that SMYD1 overexpression enhanced cell viability, alleviated cell injury, impeded apoptosis, and reduced the level of proinflammatory factors and NF-κB activation under the condition of LPS stimulation. Moreover, SMYD1 exerted protective effect on H9c2 cells stimulated with LPS through relieving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In conclusion, overexpression of SMYD1 alleviates cardiac injury through relieving ER stress during sepsis.
Depletion of high-mobility group box 2 causes seminiferous tubule atrophy via aberrant expression of androgen and estrogen receptors in mouse testis
Authors: Sugita Naohiro , Choijookhuu Narantsog , Yano Koichi , Lee Deokcheol , Ikenoue Makoto , Fidya  , Taniguchi Noboru , Chosa Etsuo , Hishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-mobility group box 2, a chromatin-associated protein that interacts with deoxyribonucleic acid, is implicated in multiple biological processes, including gene transcription, replication, and repair. High-mobility group box 2 is expressed in several tissues, including the testis; however, its functional role is largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the role of high-mobility group box 2 in spermatogenesis. Paraffin-embedded testicular tissues were obtained from 8-week-old and 1-year-old wild-type and knock-out mice. Testis weight and number of seminiferous tubules were decreased, whereas atrophic tubules were increased in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that atrophic tubules contained Sertoli cells, but not germ cells. Moreover, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis were demonstrated in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mouse testis. To elucidate the cause of tubule atrophy, we examined the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors, and the results indicated aberrant expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in Sertoli and Leydig cells. Southwestern histochemistry detected decreased estrogen response element–binding sites in high-mobility group box 2-depleted mouse testis. High-mobility group box 1, which has highly similar structure and function as high-mobility group box 2, was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, which indicated increased expression in testis. These findings indicate a compensatory increase in high-mobility group box 1 expression in high-mobility group box 2 knock-out mouse testis. In summary, depletion of high-mobility group box 2 induced aberrant expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha, leading to decreased germ cell proliferation and increased apoptosis which resulted in focal seminiferous tubule atrophy.
Historical biogeography and comparative phylogeography of the Mexican genusBakerantha(Bromeliaceae): insights into evolution and diversification
Authors: Romero-Soler Katya J , Ramírez-Morillo Ivón M , Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Hornung-Leoni Claudia T , Carnevali Germán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe studied the rupicolous and dioecious species of Bakerantha (Bromeliaceae) that grow as narrow endemics in central-eastern Mexico. We aimed to describe the spatio-temporal framework in which Bakerantha and its species originated using a phylogeographic and population genetics approach. We carried out population genetics analyses on 29 populations of the five Bakerantha spp., using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. The data were used to analyse their diversity, genetic structure and demography, to carry out molecular dating and to reconstruction their ancestral area. Our analyses revealed that speciation in Bakerantha began in the Late Pliocene, associated with vicariance resulting from the rise of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, a barrier that isolated the Bakerantha spp. to its north and south, and subsequent dispersal events in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Genetic data suggest that the species have achieved a high degree of genetic differentiation and variation, but most of them lack intraspecific structure, even though species have remained stable over the time due their life history traits.