bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convenience Stores are Associated with Early Childhood Obesity in Low‐Income Households
Authors: Koleilat Maria , Harrison Gail , Whaley Shannon , Gomez Judy , Jenks Eloise 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the association between the local food environment and obesity/overweight risk among 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children who were participants in the WIC program in Los Angeles County. We used geographical information system software to compute the retail food environment index (RFEI) per ZIP code. We conducted exploratory analysis to check for spatial autocorrelation. We then used multivariate spatial statistical techniques to control for spatial autocorrelation. Fast‐food restaurants represent 30% and convenience stores total 40% of the sum of food outlets in areas where WIC participants reside. We found a statistically significant positive association between RFEI and obesity/overweight despite controlling for spatial autocorrelation, birth weight, poverty level, race/ethnicity, formula feeding, maternal education and variables relating to the pregnancy resulting in the child's birth including maternal diabetes, gestational diabetes, closely spaced pregnancies, and mutlifetal pregnancies. This study provides evidence for the existence of an obesogenic environment for children in low‐income households and a significant role for convenience stores in the neighborhood environment. Supported by USDA/CSREES#2005‐35215‐16075 and First 5 LA.Grant Funding Source: USDA and First 5 LA
Influence of Marketing on Preschoolers’ Product Preference
Authors: Colby Sarah E , Bulova Jessica , Person Ashley , Carraway‐Stage Virginia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of, and factors associated with, the influence of cartoon character food label marketing on preschoolers’ product preferences.MethodsParents (n=46) completed online surveys and children (n=46), 4–6 years old, completed card sorting methodologies.Outcomes MeasuredDemographic information (income, ethnicity, parental education, and gender), self‐reported parental dietary quality, parental ability to identify overall nutrient composition of specific foods, and influence of cartoon character marketing on children's product preferences were assessed.ResultsPreschoolers were more likely to prefer products with food label cartoon character marketing (p<0.05). Preschoolers were more likely to be influenced by cartoon character marketing if they were male; black; their parent's had lower levels of education; their parent's were less able to identify the overall healthiness of food products; or their parent's had less healthy diets (p<0.05).ConclusionsDifferences in the level of influence of cartoon character marketing on food labels varies by sociodemographic indicators.
Dietary LCPUFA upregulate FADS3 alternative transcripts in neonatal baboon liver
Authors: Reardon Holly T , Park Woo Jung , Kothapalli Kumar S. , Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDFADS3 shares sequence homology with the fatty acid desaturases FADS1 and FADS2, but the function of FADS3 is unknown. We have previously described seven FADS3 alternative transcripts (AT) present in both baboons and human cells. This study examined the effect of dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) levels on liver FADS3 AT expression.METHODSTwelve baboon neonates were fed low, moderate, or high LCPUFA infant formula from 2–12 weeks of age, when tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Neonates were randomized to three groups: C: Control, no LCPUFA; L: 0.33% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/0.67% arachidonic acid (ARA) (w/w); and L3:1.00% DHA/0.67% ARA (w/w). FADS2 and FADS3 AT expression was evaluated by RT‐PCR with normalization to actin.RESULTSAs expected, FADS2 was downregulated in the L3 group compared to controls. However, most of the FADS3 AT showed a general trend of upregulation (L3>L>C).CONCLUSIONIt is well established that dietary LCPUFA downregulate other desaturase genes (FADS1, FADS2, and SCD1) in liver. The opposite effect, upregulation of FADS3 AT by dietary LCPUFA, was observed here. This opposing pattern of regulation suggests a dissimilar function for FADS3 AT compared to other FADS gene products. This work was supported by NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein‐NRSA Training Award # 5 T32 HD052471‐03.
Oral iron supplementation with a micronutrient powder (Sprinkles®) provided to children with moderate‐to‐severe malnutrition does not increase infectious morbidity risk: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority safety trial
Authors: Lemaire Mathieu , Abedin Fahmida , Shen Hua , Islam Qazi Shafayetul , Aziz Marufa , Haseen Farhana , Parveen Monira , Chowdhury Jalal , Hyder Ziauddin , Cook Richard J , Zlotkin Stanley H 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA link between iron supplementation (IS) and infectious morbidity (IM) has been suggested, particularly in children with moderate to severe malnutrition (MSM). Two meta‐analyses concluded that oral IS is safe, but children with MSM were excluded.MethodsThis is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority (NI) safety trial using a 2‐mo course of iron‐containing micronutrient or placebo powder (I‐MNP and PP) in 268 Bangladeshi children aged 12–24 mo with MSM (weight‐forage Z‐score ≤ −2). NI margin was set at 20%. Primary outcome was a composite of diarrhea, dysentery and lower respiratory tract infection episodes (D/D/L) recorded through home visits every 2 days (first 2 mo) and then twice a week (next 4 mo post‐intervention). To capture seasonal effects, one group was studied in the summer and another in the winter. Univariate Anderson‐Gill model was used to analyze recurrent events.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar. Combined relative risk (RR) of D/D/L for I‐MNP vs. PP was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–1.04; p=0.09). Winter group RR was lower at 0.6 (CI 0.42–0.85; p=0.004) than summer group RR, at 0.98 (CI 0.69–1.38, p=0.9), p=0.052. There were no reported deaths.ConclusionRisk of IM was not higher for I‐MNP vs. PP. Since IM rates were lower than anticipated, NI is not confirmed. I‐MNP was more protective for the winter group, suggesting a seasonal effect.Grant Funding Source: Thrasher Research Fund
A Pilot Study of Paraprofessional Peer Teaching by Teen Moms in A Teen Parenting Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Wong Siew Sun , Keller Sylvia D 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveMeasure the effectiveness of a peer‐teaching‐peer paraprofessional model (PTPPM) in a teen parenting nutrition program.MethodsTwo teen moms were trained as paraprofessional peer educators (PPE) for The CARE42 program in two sites. Site 1 consisted of predominantly non‐Hispanic White females whereas Site 2, predominantly Hispanic females. Each PPE taught 10–13 participants (aged 14 to 19, single, non‐pregnant females) per site over three weeks. Each lesson was 30 minutes. An RD attended every lesson, evaluated teaching, and facilitated in Q&A. For evaluation among PPE and participants, the study used pre/post tests to assess improvements in nutrition knowledge, diet, physical activity, behavior, and self‐esteem (NK‐D‐PA‐SE).ResultsPPE improved significantly in diet, physical activity, behavior, and self‐esteem. Although not significantly different, PPE's teaching accuracy score was high and improved consistently. Among 28 recruited participants, 23 completed the study. Both sites had significant improvement in NK‐D‐PA‐SE. These positive changes indicated that PPE were able to teach their peers effectively. 83% of participants liked or very much liked to be taught by their peers.ConclusionsTeen moms aged 18–22 are capable of teaching their peers accurate nutrition information. This PTPPM has great potential in bringing sound nutrition education to teen parents in a motivating way.
Identification of Food Sources Contributing to Dietary Quality in the Lower Mississippi Delta Region: A Systematic Approach to Designing Dietary Modifications for Obesity Prevention
Authors: Onufrak Stephen John , Connell Carol , Zoellner Jamie , Thomson Jessica , Champagne Catherine , Bogle Margaret L , Yadrick M Kathy 
Published: June 2021

The Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region suffers from high rates of obesity and chronic diseases.Our objective was to design culturally appropriate dietary modifications for the prevention of obesity in the LMD population based upon the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and observed eating patterns.Using data from the Foods of our Delta 2000 study, we evaluated adult dietary quality using the 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2005), determined leading food sources contributing to HEI‐2005 components relevant to obesity, and investigated demographic differences in food source intakes. This information was used to construct specific dietary modifications to improve adherence to the DGA within the LMD population.Total HEI‐2005 score for the LMD excluding sodium score was lower than the 1999–2000 NHANES population (47.4 versus 51.7, p=0.0006) with lower scores for whole fruit, total vegetables, dark green/orange vegetables and legumes, and milk. Younger age was the largest determinant of poor dietary quality in the LMD with total score and 8 component scores decreasing with decreasing age; 20 of 35 food sources also differed by age. Targeted dietary modifications to address observed DGA inadequacies were constructed based upon commonly consumed foods.A systematic approach based upon observed intake is useful in the construction of culturally appropriate dietary modifications for a given population.
Associations between bone quality and restrained eating, body weight, diet and physical activity in young adult Caucasian females
Authors: Zanovec Michael , Tuuri Georgianna 
Published: June 2021

This study examined the associations between bone quality estimated from quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and self‐reported diet, eating behaviors, physical activity (PA), and lifestyle factors. Fifty‐eight Caucasian females 19–24 years of age participated. Subjects completed three scans of the right heel using a GE Lunar Achilles InSight QUS machine; a semi‐quantitative modified Block food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with approximately 105 items; ten questions regarding restrained eating (RE); the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form; a health history form; and were measured for height and weight. Factor analysis was used to determine relationships between variables. QUS scores factored with RE and weight; height was related to fiber; and neither total energy (kcal) nor PA were related to QUS or RE. Further research is needed with more sensitive bone markers and a larger sample size to determine the relationship of bone quality with diet, PA, and eating behaviors in young adult females.Funded in part by Federal Hatch Act Funds #LAB93846.
Higher protein weight loss diet does not affect bone mineral density (BMD) in a double‐blind RCT in postmenopausal women
Authors: Thorpe Matthew P , Mojtahedi Mina C , Richey Abby L , Layman Donald K , Evans Ellen M 
Published: June 2021

In spite of longstanding theory that protein intakes above the RDA are harmful to bone, clinical trials have variably shown no influence or protection of bone with higher protein intakes during weight loss. Studies to date have failed to match intakes of calcium and vitamin D, leaving the independent effect of protein ambiguous.We prescribed a conventional, MyPyramid‐based energy restricted diet (1500 kcal/d) to 31 postmenopausal women (age 65±5y, BMI 33.8±4.9), then randomly assigned 50g/d of supplemental maltodextrin (CARB) or whey protein isolate (PRO) to be added as 25g doses to breakfast and lunch, for 0.8g/kg total protein in CARB and 1.4g/kg in PRO groups. All women received 1g Calcium and 800 IU Vitamin D as a daily multivitamin.After 6 mo, women lost (PRO, CARB) 9.8±6.7, 4.8±3.7% of baseline weight (p=0.06). Bone mineral density changed 2.4, 2.1% (p=0.70) for whole body, −0.8, 1.4% (p=0.13) for lumbar spine and −0.4 and −0.2% (p=0.84) for total hip.This double blind, randomized, controlled trial supports growing consensus that higher protein intakes are not harmful to bone in the context of adequate calcium and vitamin D intakes.Support: National Dairy Council & Carraway Foundation
Post‐secretory activation of Paneth cell α‐defensins in the cecal and colonic lumen of matrix metalloproteinase‐7‐null mice
Authors: Mastroianni Jennifer Rose , Costales Jessica K. , Salzman Nita H. , Ouellette Andre J. 
Published: June 2021

In mice, Paneth cell α‐defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), are converted intracellularly from inactive precursors to bactericidal forms by matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7). Because it is possible that other extracellular proteinases may be capable of similar processing, we tested whether secreted proCrps are converted to active forms in the MMP‐7−/− mouse. Protein extracts from complete (organ plus luminal contents) ileum, cecum, and colon of MMP‐7−/− and wild‐type C57Bl/6 mice were compared by gel permeation chromatography and acid‐urea (AU)‐PAGE. As anticipated, MMP‐7−/− ileum lacked appreciable levels of processed Crps. However, high levels of apparent Crps were purified from the cecum and colon of MMP‐7−/− mice. N‐terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry identified α‐defensins consisting of a mixture of native Crps, N‐terminally truncated Crps, and Crps with elongated N termini that retain proregion residues near the proregion‐Crp junction. Thus, secreted mouse proCrps may be processed in the large bowel lumen, even in the absence of the intracellular activating enzyme. Also, the MMP‐7−/− mouse may be a useful model of innate mucosal immunity in the small intestine, but the knockout is not α‐defensin deficient in cecum or distal colon, downstream from the site of precursor secretion in small intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn.Supported by NIH grants DK044632, AI059346, and AI057757.
Bowel morphologic evaluation in a model of experimental intoxication with 1‐naphtyl‐N‐methylcarbamate
Authors: Cavalcanti Karen Pena , Souza Ivone Antonia , Castro Ricardo , Teles Nicodemos , Cabrita Antonio Silverio 
Published: June 2021

The 1‐naphtyl N‐methylcarbamate (1NC) is one general purpose insecticide, with a wide specter of action. It is considered to have low toxicity therefore. The present work evaluates the bowel lesions in experimental administration of 1NC.Twenty Wistar males rats 8 weeks of age were distributed randomly in 2 groups with 10 animals each. Group I constituted a control group with no manipulation. Group II constituted a group submitted to the administration of 1NC in drinking water in concentration of 60mg/l during 8 weeks. All the animals were sacrificed and by the end of twenty‐eight weeks. The bowel of control had no lesions. The macroscopic evaluation of the bowel showed aberrant crypts (AC) and neoplasms (N), in group II. The incidence of AC observed in this group was 6.27 ± 4.92 in the rectum, 16.87 ± 10.27 in the colon and 11.3 ± 8.49 in the cecum. The distribution of AC in this group was: 10,4% ± 9,24 in the rectum, 73.78% ± 8.01 in colon and 15,83% ± 8.01 in the cecum. The distribution of the neoplasm was of 80% in the colon and 20% in the cecum, 8 were observed in the colon and 2 in the cecum. By microscopy all the neoplastic lesions were adenocarcinomas.
Mechanisms of AVE3085 Against Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine‐induced Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Xue Hong‐Mei , He Guo‐Wei , Huang Jun‐Hao , Yang Qin 
Published: June 2021

Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that may induce endothelial dysfunction. We studied the effect and mechanism of AVE3085, a newly developed transcription enhancer of endothelial NOS (eNOS), on ADMA‐induced coronary endothelial dysfunction. Porcine coronary small arteries were studied for endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent relaxations. Protein expressions of eNOS and nitrotyrosine as well as eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 (p‐eNOSSer1177) and threonine 495 (p‐eNOSThr495) were determined. ADMA treatment for 1‐hr significantly decreased endothelium‐dependent relaxation to bradykinin (61.3±4.7% vs. 92.2±2.6%, EC50: −7.04±0.16 vs. −7.80±0.14 LogM, p<0.05) that was preserved by the co‐treatment of AVE3085 (86.7±3.2%, −7.67±0.22 LogM). ADMA markedly reduced the protein expression of eNOS and p‐eNOSSer1177 whereas increased the expression of p‐eNOSThr495 and nitrotyrosine (p<0.05). The decreased expression of eNOS and p‐eNOSSer1177 was reversed by AVE3085. AVE3085 also lowered the expression of p‐eNOSThr495 and nitrotyrosine (p<0.05). AVE3085 prevents ADMA‐induced coronary endothelial dysfunction. Enhancements of eNOS expression and activation as well as reduction of oxidative stress underline the protection of AVE3085.Supported by Hong Kong GRF grants CUHK4651/07M & 4789/09M and CUHK direct grant 2041457.
Predictors of Measurement Error in Energy Intake During Pregnancy
Authors: Nowicki Eric M , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Herring Amy 
Published: June 2021

Nutrition plays a critical role in maternal and fetal health; however, research on measurement error of energy intake during pregnancy is limited. Data were analyzed from 1,023 women with singleton pregnancies in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Cohort Study. Second trimester diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Estimated energy requirement (EER) was calculated using IOM prediction equations with adjustment for energy costs during the second trimester. Implausible values for daily energy intake (EI) were determined using confidence limits of agreement for EI/EER. Prevalence of low energy reporting (LER) and high energy reporting (HER) was 31.8% and 12.9%, respectively. In a multivariable analysis, pre‐gravid BMI was related to both LER and HER; LER was higher in both overweight (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.26, 3.02) and obese women (OR=3.29, 95% CI=2.33, 4.65) than in normal weight counterparts. Other predictors of LER included marriage and higher levels of physical activity. HER was higher among subjects who were underweight, African American, less educated, and had higher depressive symptom scores. Nutrient density intakes for fat, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin C differed between LER and non‐LER subjects. LER and HER are prevalent during pregnancy. Identifying their predictors may improve data collection and analysis methods to reduce systematic bias in reproductive studies.Grant Funding Source: ASN
TRP channel activation promotes dissociation of ET‐1/ETA‐complexes and terminates vasoconstriction in rat resistance arteries.
Authors: Meens Merlijn JPMT , Compeer Matthijs G , van Zandvoort Marc A , Hackeng Tilman M , De Mey Jo GR 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe tested whether TRP channel activation promotes dissociation of ET‐1/ETA‐complexes.Methods2nd order rat mesenteric arteries were investigated by two‐photon laser scanning microscopy and wire‐myography.ResultsET‐1 (1–16nM) and rhodamine‐labeled ET‐1 (Rh‐ET‐1; 1–16nM) cause ETA‐mediated contractions that fade slowly after agonist removal and are insensitive to ETB‐antagonism. Contractions remaining after ET‐1 exposure are transiently reversed by several vasodilators, but persistently inhibited by i) TRP‐channel activators such as rutaecarpine (10 μM), allyl isothiocyanate (10 μM) and capsaicin (1 μM) or ii) CGRP (0.1 μM). CGRP‐receptor antagonists reduce the effects of TRP channel activators and CGRP. ET‐1 causes contractions with its original potency after reversal of ET‐1‐induced contractions by CGRP. Rh‐ET‐1 (16nM) binds to the tunica media of intact arteries. This persists after label removal but is abolished by CGRP (0.1 μM).ConclusionIn arterial smooth muscle, ET‐1 binds “irreversibly” to ETA‐receptors; this causes prolonged signaling of the ET‐1/ETA‐complex. ET‐1/ETA‐complexes are a) insensitive to vasodilators or removal of free ligand and b) susceptible to allosteric inhibition by endogenous CGRP released by TRP channel activation.This research was performed within the framework of project T2‐108 of the Dutch Top Institute Pharma.
A negative regulatory pathway of GLUT4 trafficking in adipocyte: new function of RIP140 in the cytoplasm via AS160
Authors: Ho Ping‐Chih , Lin Yi‐Wei , Tsui Yao‐Chen , Gupta Pawan , Wei Li‐Na 
Published: June 2021

Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140), a nuclear receptor corepressor, is important for lipid and glucose metabolism. In adipocytes, RIP140 can be phosphorylated by protein kinase C epsilon, followed by arginine methylation, and exported to the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates for the first time a cytoplasmic function for RIP140: to counteract insulin‐stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) membrane partitioning and glucose uptake in adipocytes. Cytoplasmic RIP140 interacts with the Akt substrate AS160, thereby impeding AS160 phosphorylation by Akt; this in turn reduces GLUT4 trafficking. This signal transduction pathway can be recapitulated in the epididymal adipocytes of diet‐induced obese mice: nuclear PKC epsilon is activated, cytoplasmic RIP140 increases, and GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake are reduced. The data reveal a new, cytoplasmic, function for RIP140 as a negative regulator of GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake, and shed insight into the regulation of basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal by a nuclear‐initiated counteracting mechanism.NIH grants DK54733, DK60521, DA11190 and K02‐DA13926 to L.‐N.W.
Cytoplasmic RIP140 negatively modulates adiponectin secretion in adipocytes
Authors: Chuang Ya‐Shan , Ho Ping‐Chih , Persuad Shawna Devi , Lin Yi‐Wei , Chan Siu Chiu , Luo Sheng‐Ching , Wei Li‐Na 
Published: June 2021

Receptor‐interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is known as a nuclear co‐repressor for various nuclear receptors. Recently, we identified a PKC epsilon‐triggered post‐translational modification pathway promotes RIP140 cytoplasmic accumulation which in turn blocks GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes. Here we further examined the roles of cytoplasmic RIP140 in modulating adipokine secretion in adipocytes. We found that silencing RIP140 or PKC epsilon up‐regulated adiponectin secretion but did not affect its mRNA levels. Conditional medium from RIP140‐ or PKC epsilon‐knockdown 3T3‐L1 adipocytes increased glucose uptake in muscle cells as well as decreased glucose production in hepatocytes by promoting AMPK phosphorylation. However, adiponectin neutralized antibody can reverse conditional medium's effect on glucose uptake in muscle cells and glucose production in hepatocytes. Besides, we identified that endothelin‐1 (ET1) enhanced nuclear PKC epsilon activity resulted in RIP140 export from nucleus to cytoplasm, thus exerting its effect on inhibition of adiponectin secretion in adipocytes. Taken together, we demonstred that cytoplasmic RIP140 negatively modulates adiponectin secretion in adipocytes and provided evidence for targeting cytoplasmic RIP140 in adipocytes in promoting systemic insulin sensitivity.NIH grants DK54733, DK60521, DA11190 and K02‐DA13926 to L.‐N.W.