bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H5P videos in chemical didactics
Authors: Zeller Diana , Gökkuş Yasemin , Kremer Richard , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractÜber den bloßen Einsatz von dokumentierenden und intellektuell inspirierenden Videos in Lehr‐/Lernsettings hinaus bietet die Software H5P die Möglichkeit, zielgruppengerecht durch Integration weiterer Elemente eine interaktive Auseinandersetzung mit Videos zu initiieren. In diesem Beitrag sollen einerseits grundlegende Informationen zu H5P sowie der Einsatz bzw. die Produktion von H5P‐Videos in der chemiedidaktischen Lehre vorgestellt werden.
Perceived risk profile and treatment optimization in heart failure: an analysis from BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in chronic heart failure
Authors: Kobayashi Masatake , Voors Adriaan A. , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Duarte Kevin , Girerd Nicolas , Rossignol Patrick , Metra Marco , Lang Chim C. , Ng Leong L. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Dickstein Kenneth , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiez , Ferreira João Pedro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAchieving target doses of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB) and beta‐blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is often underperformed. In BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in chronic heart failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) study, many patients were not up‐titrated for which no clear reason was reported. Therefore, we hypothesized that perceived‐risk profile might influence treatment optimization.MethodsWe studied 2100 patients with HFrEF (LVEF≤40%) to compare the clinical characteristics and adverse events associated with treatment up‐titration (after a 3‐month titration protocol) between; a) patients not reaching target doses for unclear reason; b) patients not reaching target doses due to symptoms and/or side effects; c) patients reaching target doses.ResultsFor ACEi/ARB, (a), (b) and (c) was observed in 51.3%, 25.9% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. For beta‐blockers, (a), (b) and (c) was observed in 67.5%, 20.2% and 12.3% of patients, respectively. By multinomial logistic regression analysis for ACEi/ARB, patients in group (a) and (b) had lower blood pressure and poorer renal function, and patients in group (a) were older and had lower ejection fraction. For beta‐blockers, patients in group (a) and (b) had more severe congestion and lower heart rate. At 9 months, adverse events (i.e., hypotension, bradycardia, renal impairment, and hyperkalemia) occurred similarly among the three groups.ConclusionsPatients in whom clinicians did not give a reason why up‐titration was missed were older and had more co‐morbidities. Patients in whom up‐titration was achieved did not have excess adverse events. However, from these observational findings, the pattern of subsequent adverse events among patients in whom up‐titration was missed cannot be determined.
Characteristics of central nervous system progression in non‐small cell lung cancer treated with crizotinib or alectinib
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroaki , Yanagitani Noriko , Manabe Ryo , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Ogusu Shinsuke , Tozuka Takehiro , Yoshida Hiroshi , Amino Yoshiaki , Ariyasu Ryo , Uchibori Ken , Kitazono Satoru , Tasaka Sadatomo , Nishio Makoto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost patients treated with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors for ALK‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) develop resistance, leading to metastasis, with progression to the central nervous system (CNS) being a primary concern. Although alectinib has better CNS penetration than crizotinib, patients treated with alectinib also develop CNS progression. CNS metastases more likely occurs during crizotinib treatment due to less blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration capability than alectinib. CNS progression pattern may be different during crizotinib and alecitinib treatment. Understanding the characteristics of CNS progression is important for developing treatment strategies.AimsWe compared the clinical‐radiographic characteristics of CNS metastases among patients undergoing crizotinib and alectinib treatment for ALK‐positive NSCLCs.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analyzed the radiographic and clinical characteristics of CNS progression in ALK‐positive NSCLC patients treated with crizotinib or alectinib at our hospital between July 2011 and May 2020. CNS and systemic tumor progression were evaluated using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty‐three and 65 patients were treated with crizotinib and alectinib, respectively. Baseline CNS metastasis was observed in 18 and 27 patients in the crizotinib and alectinib groups, respectively. Among the patients in the crizotinib and alectinib groups who developed disease progression, 15/49 (30.6%) and 9/44 (20.5%) had CNS progression, respectively (P = .344). Intra‐CNS progression‐free survival was significantly longer in the alectinib group than in the crizotinib group (median: 14.0 vs 5.6 months, P = .042). The number of CNS metastases sized ≥3 cm, rate of peritumoral brain edema, and the second progression pattern after treatment continuation was not significantly different between the groups.ConclusionWe observed no significant difference in the clinical‐radiographic characteristics of CNS progression between patients undergoing crizotinib and alectinib treatments. Local therapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery, for CNS progression may be suitable and important following alectinib and crizotinib treatment.
Preliminary study on the automatic parallelism optimization model for image enhancement algorithms based on Intel's® Xeon Phi
Authors: Huang Fang , Yang Hao , Tao Jian , Wang Jian , Tan Xicheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image‐processing applications, one needs to implement different parallel image‐enhancement algorithms on several high‐performance computing platforms utilizing various programming models. To speed up the parallelization procedure and improve its efficiency, the automatic parallel software package, Par4All, is applied in this work. We find that the performance of the original automatic parallelization algorithm produced with Par4All is inefficient. To resolve this problem, we propose different optimization approaches for Par4All based on Intel®'s Xeon Phi high‐performance computing platform that are based on the structural features of the image‐enhancement algorithms, which can further optimize the original parallel algorithm. These approaches mainly include: (1) Par4All automatic parallel search module optimization, (2) dynamic thread setting optimization, and (3) the collaborative parallelization of both CPU and many integrated core (MIC) processors. According to the results of the comparison experiments involving different algorithms, it is shown that the proposed optimization approaches for these kinds of algorithms can significantly improve the performance of automatic parallel algorithms. The acceleration ratio increases approximately by 30%, 70%, and 80% for the multiscale Retinex, Gaussian‐filtering and median‐filtering algorithms, respectively. As continuation and deepening of our previous research work, this research has the potential to be beneficial for other researchers in image‐processing applications with image‐enhancement algorithms.
Highly Accurate Thickness Determination of 2D Materials
Authors: Xiao Yiping , Zheng Wenwen , Yuan Bin , Wen Chao , Lanza Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetermining the thickness of two‐dimensional (2D) materials accurately and reliably is highly necessary for multiple investigations, but at the same time it can be quite complex. Most studies in this field measure a topographic map at the edge of the 2D material using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and plot a single‐line cross‐section using the software of the AFM. However, this method is highly inaccurate and can result in high relative errors due to surface roughness and line‐to‐line variability. This is even more important in ultrathin (<4 nm) 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition, as these exhibit a larger surface roughness (compared to mechanically exfoliated) due to the high density of local defects. Here it is shown that the thickness of ultrathin 2D materials can be determined statistically with high accuracy and reliability in a very easy way by plotting the histogram height plot. Using this method should enhance the reliability of investigations and research papers in the field of 2D materials.
Influence of low tumor content on tumor mutational burden estimation by whole‐exome sequencing and targeted panel sequencing
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Wang Ruixia , Fang Huan , Ma Xiangyuan , Li Dan , Liu Tao , Chen Zhenxi , Wang Ke , Hao Shiguang , Yu Zicheng , Chang Zhili , Na Chenglong , Wang Yin , Bai Jian , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Fang , Li Miao , Chen Chao , Wei Liangshen , Li Jinghua , Chang Xiaoyan , Qu Shoufang , Yang Ling , Huang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumor mutational burden (TMB) is a promising biomarker for stratifying patient subpopulation who would benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Although great efforts have been made for standardizing TMB measurement, mutation calling and TMB quantification can be challenging in samples with low tumor content including liquid biopsies. The effect of varying tumor content on TMB estimation by different assay methods has never been systematically investigated.MethodWe established a series of reference standard DNA samples derived from 11 pairs of tumor–normal matched human cell lines across different cancer types. Each tumor cell line was mixed with its matched normal at 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% mass‐to‐mass ratio to mimic the clinical samples with low tumor content. TMB of these reference standards was evaluated by both ∼1000× whole‐exome sequencing (wesTMB) and targeted panel sequencing (psTMB) at four different vendors. Both regression and classification analyses of TMB were performed for theoretical investigation and clinical practice purposes.ResultsLinear regression model was established that demonstrated in silico psTMB determined by regions of interest (ROI) as a great representative of wesTMB based on TCGA dataset. It was also true in our reference standard samples as the predicted psTMB interval based on the observed wesTMB captured the intended 90% of the in silico psTMB values. Although ∼1000× deep WES was applied, reference standard samples with less than 5% of tumor proportions are below the assay limit of detection (LoD) of wesTMB quantification. However, predicted wesTMB based on observed psTMB accurately classify (>0.97 AUC) for TMB high and low patient stratification even in samples with 2% of tumor content, which is more clinically relevant, as TMB determination should be a qualitative assay for TMB high and low patient classification. One targeted panel sequencing vendor using an optimized blood psTMB pipeline can further classify TMB status accurately (>0.82 AUC) in samples with only 1% of tumor content.ConclusionsWe developed a linear model to establish the quantitative correlation between wesTMB and psTMB. A set of DNA reference standards was produced in aid to standardize TMB measurements in samples with low tumor content across different targeted sequencing panels. This study is a significant contribution aiming to harmonize TMB estimation and extend its future application in clinical samples with low tumor content including liquid biopsy.
Psychological and eating disorder symptoms as predictors of starting eating disorder treatment
Authors: Martin‐Wagar Caitlin A. , Boswell Rebecca G. , Bennett Brooke L. , Perelman Hayley , Forrest Lauren N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the treatment uptake rate for adults diagnosed with an eating disorder through formal assessment. This study aimed to identify psychological and eating disorder symptoms that predict whether individuals with diagnosed eating disorders start treatment after receiving a diagnostic assessment and recommendation to begin treatment. Identifying barriers to starting treatment can inform interventions to improve the uptake of treatment.MethodAfter a diagnostic assessment at an eating disorder specialty clinic, 223 adults were recommended to begin treatment and completed self‐report measures of psychological functioning, clinical impairment, and eating psychopathology. Patient attendance was assessed to determine rates and predictors of starting treatment within 3 months of the assessment.ResultsOf the 223 patients recommended to begin treatment, approximately two‐third started treatment within 3 months of the assessment. Logistic regression identified greater avoidance of eating, greater laxative use frequency, more social eating concerns, and lower weight dissatisfaction as predicting lower likelihood of beginning treatment after assessment. A chi‐square test for independence found no significant differences between diagnostic groups on starting treatment.DiscussionFindings identify eating disorder symptoms that predict treatment enrollment after diagnostic assessment and recommendation to begin treatment. Assessing for these symptoms at the diagnostic assessment stage is recommended to address potential treatment barriers. Future research should identify strategies that increase treatment uptake at this stage of the process.
Population dynamics of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) at summer roosts: Apparent survival, fidelity, abundance, and the influence of winter conditions
Authors: Schorr Robert A. , Siemers Jeremy L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

White‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused the death of millions of bats, but the impacts have been more difficult to identify in western North America. Understanding how WNS, or other threats, impacts western bats may require monitoring other roosts, such as maternity roosts and night roosts, where bats aggregate in large numbers.

Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are experiencing some of the greatest declines from WNS. Estimating survival and understanding population dynamics can provide valuable data for assessing population declines and informing conservation efforts.

We conducted a 5‐year mark–recapture study of two M. lucifugus roosts in Colorado. We used the robust design model to estimate apparent survival, fidelity, and abundance to understand population dynamics, and environmental covariates to understand how summer and winter weather conditions impact adult female survival. We compared the fidelity and capture probability of M. lucifugus between colonies to understand how bats use such roosts.

Overwinter survival increased with the number of days with temperatures below freezing (β > 0.100, SE = 0.003) and decreased with the number of days with snow cover (β < −0.40, SE < 0.13). Adult female fidelity was higher at one maternity roost than the other. Overwinter and oversummer adult female survival was high (>0.90), and based on survival estimates and fungal‐swabbing results, we believe these populations have yet to experience WNS.

Recapture of M. lucifugus using antennas that continuously read passive integrated transponder tags allows rigorous estimation of bat population parameters that can elucidate trends in abundance and changes in survival. Monitoring populations at summer roosts can provide unique population ecology data that monitoring hibernacula alone may not. Because few adult males are captured at maternity colonies, and juvenile males have low fidelity, additional effort should focus on understanding male M. lucifugus population dynamics.
Comparative plastome analysis of Blumea, with implications for genome evolution and phylogeny of Asteroideae
Authors: Abdullah  , Mehmood Furrukh , Rahim Abdur , Heidari Parviz , Ahmed Ibrar , Poczai Péter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genus Blumea (Asteroideae, Asteraceae) comprises about 100 species, including herbs, shrubs, and small trees. Previous studies have been unable to resolve taxonomic issues and the phylogeny of the genus Blumea due to the low polymorphism of molecular markers. Therefore, suitable polymorphic regions need to be identified. Here, we de novo assembled plastomes of the three Blumea species B. oxyodonta, B. tenella, and B. balsamifera and compared them with 26 other species of Asteroideae after correction of annotations. These species have quadripartite plastomes with similar gene content, genome organization, and inverted repeat contraction and expansion comprising 113 genes, including 80 protein‐coding, 29 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. The comparative analysis of codon usage, amino acid frequency, microsatellite repeats, oligonucleotide repeats, and transition and transversion substitutions has revealed high resemblance among the newly assembled species of Blumea. We identified 10 highly polymorphic regions with nucleotide diversity above 0.02, including rps16‐trnQ, ycf1, ndhF‐rpl32, petN‐psbM, and rpl32‐trnL, and they may be suitable for the development of robust, authentic, and cost‐effective markers for barcoding and inference of the phylogeny of the genus Blumea. Among these highly polymorphic regions, five regions also co‐occurred with oligonucleotide repeats and support use of repeats as a proxy for the identification of polymorphic loci. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Blumea and Pluchea within the tribe Inuleae. At tribe level, our phylogeny supports a sister relationship between Astereae and Anthemideae rooted as Gnaphalieae, Calenduleae, and Senecioneae. These results are contradictory to recent studies which reported a sister relationship between “Senecioneae and Anthemideae” and “Astereae and Gnaphalieae” or a sister relationship between Astereae and Gnaphalieae rooted as Calenduleae, Anthemideae, and then Senecioneae using nuclear genome sequences. The conflicting phylogenetic signals observed at the tribal level between plastidt and nuclear genome data require further investigation.
How does eDNA decay affect metabarcoding experiments?
Authors: Holman Luke E. , Chng Yi , Rius Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe detection of species using environmental DNA (eDNA) relies on our capacity to identify DNA from the sampled environment. Once eDNA is released into the environment, the physical degradation of individual eDNA molecules over time directly affects our ability to detect species (eDNA decay). Therefore, interpreting eDNA data requires an explicit understanding of eDNA decay to accurately infer contemporary presence or absence of a given species in the study ecosystem. Most research to date on eDNA decay has focused on single‐species assays (predominantly quantitative PCR), and thus little is known on how eDNA decay affects the interpretation of metabarcoding datasets. Here, we used eDNA metabarcoding (targeting a section of the eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) of water samples from controlled tanks to examine eDNA decay in a wide variety of marine metazoan species. After the stocked organisms were removed from these tanks, we observed a sharp decrease in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) richness within the first 48 hours. Furthermore, there was a substantial change in beta diversity between 24 and 48 hours, and after 48 hours, most stocked species became undetectable. Interestingly, the estimated decay rate for each study species, calculated using a linear regression of reads over time, differed across organisms, with up to 2–3‐fold difference among species. Our results showed that, for marine temperate species, the most substantial change in eDNA metabarcoding detectability occurred within the first 48 h, and after that, eDNA from several taxa became undetectable. These findings inform the ecological interpretation of metabarcoding datasets and provide estimates of eDNA decay rate that are valuable for both simulation studies and the design of future ecological surveys.
Design and rationale of the EMPA‐VISION trial: investigating the metabolic effects of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure
Authors: Hundertmark Moritz J. , Agbaje Olorunsola F. , Coleman Ruth , George Jyothis T. , Grempler Rolf , Holman Rury R. , Lamlum Hanan , Lee Jisoo , Milton Joanne E. , Niessen Heiko G. , Rider Oliver , Rodgers Christopher T. , Valkovič Ladislav , Wicks Eleanor , Mahmod Masliza , Neubauer Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsDespite substantial improvements over the last three decades, heart failure (HF) remains associated with a poor prognosis. The sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor empagliflozin demonstrated significant reductions of HF hospitalization in patients with HF independent of the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial and cardiovascular mortality in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial. To further elucidate the mechanisms behind these positive outcomes, this study aims to determine the effects of empagliflozin treatment on cardiac energy metabolism and physiology using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods and resultsThe EMPA‐VISION trial is a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, mechanistic study. A maximum of 86 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 43, Cohort A) or preserved ejection fraction (n = 43, Cohort B), with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus, will be enrolled. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive either 10 mg of empagliflozin or placebo for 12 weeks. Eligible patients will undergo cardiovascular magnetic resonance, resting and dobutamine stress MRS, echocardiograms, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, serum metabolomics, and quality of life questionnaires at baseline and after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint will be the change in resting phosphocreatine‐to‐adenosine triphosphate ratio, as measured by 31Phosphorus‐MRS.ConclusionsEMPA‐VISION is the first clinical trial assessing the effects of empagliflozin treatment on cardiac energy metabolism in human subjects in vivo. The results will shed light on the mechanistic action of empagliflozin in patients with HF and help to explain the results of the safety and efficacy outcome trials (EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved).
c‐Rel employs multiple mechanisms to promote the thymic development and peripheral function of regulatory T cells in mice
Authors: Fulford Thomas S. , Grumont Raelene , Wirasinha Rushika C. , Ellis Darcy , Barugahare Adele , Turner Stephen J. , Naeem Haroon , Powell David , Lyons Paul A. , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Scheer Sebastian , Zaph Colby , Klein Ulf , Daley Stephen R. , Gerondakis Steve 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe NF‐κB transcription factor c‐Rel is a critical regulator of Treg ontogeny, controlling multiple points of the stepwise developmental pathway. Here, we found that the thymic Treg defect in c‐Rel‐deficient (cRel–/–) mice is quantitative, not qualitative, based on analyses of TCR repertoire and TCR signaling strength. However, these parameters are altered in the thymic Treg‐precursor population, which is also markedly diminished in cRel–/– mice. Moreover, c‐Rel governs the transcriptional programme of both thymic and peripheral Tregs, controlling a core of genes involved with immune signaling, and separately in the periphery, cell cycle progression. Last, the immune suppressive function of peripheral cRel–/– tTregs is diminished in a lymphopenic model of T cell proliferation and is associated with decreased stability of Foxp3 expression. Collectively, we show that c‐Rel is a transcriptional regulator that controls multiple aspects of Treg development, differentiation, and function via distinct mechanisms.