bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of an MRI-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing Warthin’s tumour from pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland
Authors: Zheng Ying-mei , Chen Jiao , Xu Qi , Zhao Wen-hui , Wang Xin-feng , Yuan Ming-gang , Liu Zong-jing , Wu Zeng-jie , Dong Cheng 
Published: May 2021

Objective： Preoperative differentiation between parotid Warthin’s tumor (WT) and pleomorphic adenoma (PMA) is crucial for treatment decisions. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate an MRI-based radiomics nomogram for preoperative differentiation between WT and PMA. Methods and materials: A total of 127 patients with histological diagnosis of WT or PMA from two clinical centres were enrolled in training set (n = 75; WT = 34, PMA = 41) and external test set (n = 52; WT = 24, PMA = 28). Radiomics features were extracted from axial T1WI and fs-T2WI images. A radiomics signature was constructed, and a radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated. A clinical factors model was built using demographics and MRI findings. A radiomics nomogram combining the independent clinical factors and Rad-score was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the performance levels of the nomogram, radiomics signature and clinical model. Results: The radiomics nomogram incorporating the age and radiomics signature showed favourable predictive value for differentiating parotid WT from PMA, with AUCs of 0.953 and 0.918 for the training set and test set, respectively. Conclusions: The MRI-based radiomics nomogram had good performance in distinguishing parotid WT from PMA, which could optimize clinical decision-making.
Zarządzanie ryzykiem i zarządzanie kryzysowe w kontekście upadku legendarnego biura podróży Thomas Cook
Authors: Siwik Natalia 
Published: May 2021

Upadek najstarszego biura podróży Thomas Cook rozszedł się szerokim echem na całym świecie. Chociaż od tego wydarzenia minął rok, kwestia ta wciąż wydaje się aktualna, a przyczyny upadku firmy dalej są dyskutowane. Obok czynników finansowych, pogodowych i społecznych wymienia się brak przygotowania biura i niewłaściwe zarządzanie. Celem rozdziału jest przybliżenie błędów firmy Thomas Cook oraz podkreślenie ważności relacji, więzi, zarządzania kryzysowego i zarządzania ryzykiem. W pracy wykorzystano kwerendę literatury oraz analizę netograficzną, a wyniki badań wskazały na bezpośredni powód upadku biura, czyli jego stagnację i powierzchowne więzi bez zabezpieczenia w zarządzaniu. W ramach wniosków podkreślono ważne składowe postępowania w zarządzaniu i relacjach biura podróży, co może się okazać podstawą przyszłych badań.
Wpływ pandemii ­COVID-19 na zmiany w wielkości ruchu pasażerskiego transportu lotniczego w Polsce i na świecie
Authors: Wawoczny Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

Wybuch pandemii ­COVID-19 spowodował ograniczenie przemieszczania się ludności na świecie, wskutek czego popyt na usługi transportowe gwałtownie spadł. Lotnictwo cechujące się dynamicznym rozwojem dziś ponosi duże straty, czego wyrazem jest kryzys tej branży. Celem rozdziału jest rozpoznanie wpływu pandemii na zmiany wielkości popytu na usługi lotnicze w Polsce i na świecie. Analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz danych wtórnych pozwoliła na zidentyfikowanie zmian wielkości ruchu pasażerskiego spowodowanych pandemią, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rynku chińskiego jako benchmarkingu dla branży lotniczej.
Dlaczego konsumenci angażują się w przygotowanie usług w muzeach? Wstęp do badań
Authors: Kosiada-Sylburska Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

Rynek doznań i kształtowanie pozytywnego doświadczenia konsumenta stają się coraz częściej przedmiotem zainteresowania muzeów. Referat prezentuje wyniki badania jakościowego w formie pogłębionego wywiadu strukturyzowanego z osobami biorącymi udział w warsztacie dotyczącym projektowania przestrzeni muzealnej. Wskazano na kluczowe, w ocenie respondentów, uwarunkowania niezbędne do budowania zaangażowania konsumentów. Analizie poddano również motywację konsumentów do podejmowania aktywności w tej dziedzinie. Badanie miało charakter wstępny i pozwoliło na wyciągnięcie wniosków oraz zarysowanie perspektyw badawczych do dalszych etapów badań w zakresie angażowania konsumentów w działalność instytucji kultury.
Konwenty fanów w Polsce jako przykład eventów
Authors: Słabosz Weronika 
Published: May 2021

Konwenty fanów w Polsce odbywają się już od przeszło 50 lat. Przez cały ten czas rozwijały się, zachowując jednak formę kilkudniowego eventu, od małych rozmiarów do ogromnych wydarzeń, odbywających się w kompleksach targowo-wystawienniczych. Praca przedstawia konwenty organizowane w Polsce, klasyfikuje je jako przykład turystyki eventowej oraz porównuje założenia i cele tych spotkań z założeniami eventów według Getza (1998, 2008). Badania wśród uczestników przeprowadzono w formie ankiet i dotyczyły one uczestnictwa w konwentach. Uzyskano wynik wskazujący na występowanie korzyści innych niż te, które opisywał Getz: głównym celem konwentów nie jest korzyść majątkowa czy biznesowa, a społeczna (przynależność do grupy fanów, kontakty z innymi) i kulturalna.
Zmiany w organizacji podróży służbowych wywołane pandemią ­COVID-19 wśród pracowników krakowskich korporacji
Authors: Urbańczyk Adrian 
Published: May 2021

W niniejszym rozdziale przedstawiono wyniki autorskich badań dotyczących zmian w organizacji podróży służbowych spowodowanych pandemią koronawirusa. Sondaż diagnostyczny przeprowadzony został za pomocą techniki CAWI na przełomie 2020 i 2021 r. Podmiotem badań byli pracownicy korporacji w Krakowie. Próba badawcza obejmowała 183 osoby. Wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, że istnieją zależności między strukturą zawodową respondentów a uczestnictwem w podróżach służbowych. Wykazano również, że obecne spotkania w formie online nie stanowią alternatywy dla wyjazdów biznesowych.
Knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda towards HIV transmission and treatment
Authors: Nabisubi Patricia , Kanyerezi Stephen , Kebirungi Grace , Mboowa Gerald 
Published: May 2021

Background: One of the major health concerns in Nakaseke district, Uganda is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of March 2014, the prevalence rate of the disease in the district was estimated at about 8%, compared to the national average of 6.5%, making Nakaseke district have the sixth-highest prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the entire country. We set out to explore the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda on HIV transmission and treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey-based study with data collected during the month of February 2020. Data were analyzed using R programming language version 3.6.2. Results: A total of 163 participants volunteered for the study, 53.37% males and 46.63% females with ages ranging from 12 – 20 years. Participants came from 5 senior classes (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S6). In total, 87.73% participants were aware of HIV/AIDS while 12.27% were not. The major source of information was through teachers/schools. 96.50% knew the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 95.11% were conversant with HIV/AIDS prevention. 63.6% were aware of the terms DNA and genes whereas 36.36% were not. Discussion: Generally, the students in Nakaseke district, Uganda had a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS. However, with regards to aspects such as the cause and modern prevention methods like taking prep and prevention of mother to child transmission were less known to them. Efforts to find a cure for HIV/AIDS are still in vain. Therefore, strong emphasis on up to date control and prevention methods should be implemented to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge.
Identifying ways to maximise cervical screening uptake: a qualitative study of GPs’ and practice nurses’ cervical cancer screening-related behaviours
Authors: O'Connor Mairead , McSherry Lisa A. , Dombrowski Stephan U. , Francis Jill J. , Martin Cara M. , O'Leary John J. , Sharp Linda 
Published: May 2021

Background: Cervical screening uptake is declining in several countries. Primary care practitioners could play a greater role in maximising uptake, but better understanding is needed of practitioners’ cervical screening-related behaviours. Among general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses, we aimed to identify cervical screening-related clinical behaviours; clarify practitioners’ roles/responsibilities; and determine factors likely to influence clinical behaviours. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with GPs and practice nurses in Ireland. Interview transcripts were analysed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a comprehensive psychological framework of factors influencing clinical behaviour. Results: 14 GPs and 19 practice nurses participated. Key clinical behaviours identified were offering smears and encouraging women to attend for smears. Smeartaking responsibility was considered a predominantly female role. Of 12 possible theoretical domains, 11 were identified in relation to these behaviours. Those judged to be the most important were beliefs about capabilities; environmental context and resources; social influences; and behavioural regulation. Difficulties in obtaining smears from certain subgroups of women and inexperience of some GPs in smeartaking arose in relation to beliefs about capabilities. The need for public health education and reluctance of male practitioners to discuss cervical screening with female patients emerged in relation to social influences. Conclusions: We identified - for the first time - primary care practitioners’ cervical-screening related clinical behaviours, their perceived roles and responsibilities, and factors likely to influence behaviours. The results could inform initiatives to enable practitioners to encourage women to have smear tests which in turn, may help increase cervical screening uptake.
ДИАГНОСТИКА РАННЕГО РАКА ЖЕЛУДКА ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ ПО КЛИНИКО-АНАМНЕСТИЧЕСКИМ И ЛАБОРАТОРНЫМ ДАННЫМ
Authors: Smirnova Olga V. , Moskalenko Olga L. , Tsukanov Vladislav V. , Kasparov Eduard V. , Sinyakov Alexander A. , Elmanova Nina G. , Ovcharenko Elizaveta S. 
Published: May 2021

В РФ ежегодно регистрируется более 600 тысяч новых случаев рака, из них рак желудка составляет 7,3%. К сожалению, большинство из них пока диагностируют на поздних стадиях. Это связано с тем, что жители страны недостаточно информированы о наличии бесплатных скрининговых программ.
Цель исследования – анализ клинико-анамнестических показателей и данных «ГастроПанели» среди взрослого населения Красноярского края для неинвазивной диагностики гастрита и скрининга раннего рака желудка.
Материал и методы исследования. В работе приведены результаты комплексного клинико-лабораторного исследования практически здоровых добровольцев, пациентов с хроническим атрофическим гастритом и раком желудка I-II ст. Исследование проводилось с июня 2019 г. по сентябрь 2019 г., с разрешения локального этического комитета ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН.
Результаты исследования выявили, что больные в возрасте 45 лет и старше, страдающие от болей в эпигастральной области и диспепсии, имеющие в анамнезе болезни желудка, с признаками атрофии по результатам сывороточного пепсиногенового теста входят в группу риска развития раннего рака желудка. Данный подход позволит выявить значительную часть предраковых состояний среди населения для их дальнейшего тщательного обследования.
You know where you can stick that … or do you? Where to inject the deltoid and why
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a huge increase in the number of intramuscular injections into the deltoid being administered. Alan Walker provides an overview of the anatomy of the deltoid and injection technique Intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle is the mainstay of current vaccination practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen a huge surge in the number of injections to be administered, and recruitment of vaccinators from more widely differing backgrounds than has been customary. Incorrect technique can cause injury, so this article summarises present knowledge of the at-risk structures, and proposes a method of injection that reduces hazards. It aims to improve the knowledge of vaccinators, and especially their trainers.
Patellar resurfacing during primary total knee replacement is associated with a lower risk of revision surgery
Authors: Hunt Linda P. , Matharu Gulraj S. , Blom Ashley W. , Howard Peter W. , Wilkinson J. Mark , Whitehouse Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

Aims Debate remains whether the patella should be resurfaced during total knee replacement (TKR). For non-resurfaced TKRs, we estimated what the revision rate would have been if the patella had been resurfaced, and examined the risk of re-revision following secondary patellar resurfacing. Methods A retrospective observational study of the National Joint Registry (NJR) was performed. All primary TKRs for osteoarthritis alone performed between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2016 were eligible (n = 842,072). Patellar resurfacing during TKR was performed in 36% (n = 305,844). The primary outcome was all-cause revision surgery. Secondary outcomes were the number of excess all-cause revisions associated with using TKRs without (versus with) patellar resurfacing, and the risk of re-revision after secondary patellar resurfacing. Results The cumulative risk of all-cause revision at ten years was higher (p < 0.001) in primary TKRs without patellar resurfacing (3.54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.47 to 3.62)) compared to those with resurfacing (3.00% (95% CI 2.91 to 3.11)). Using flexible parametric survival modelling, we estimated one ‘excess’ revision per 189 cases performed where the patella was not resurfaced by ten years (equivalent to 2,842 excess revisions in our cohort). The risk of all-cause re-revision following secondary patellar resurfacing was 4.6 times higher than the risk of revision after primary TKR with patellar resurfacing (at five years from secondary patellar resurfacing, 8.8% vs 1.9%). Conclusion Performing TKR without patellar resurfacing was associated with an increased risk of revision. Secondary patellar resurfacing led to a high risk of re-revision. This represents a potential substantial healthcare burden that should be considered when forming treatment guidelines and commissioning services. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):864–871.
Morphological variants to predict outcome of avascular necrosis in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Pollet Virginie , Bonsel Joshua , Ganzeboom Britt , Sakkers Ralph , Waarsing Erwin 
Published: May 2021

Aims The most important complication of treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head, which can result in proximal femoral growth disturbances leading to pain, dysfunction, and eventually to early onset osteoarthritis. In this study, we aimed to identify morphological variants in hip joint development that are predictive of a poor outcome. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who developed AVN after DDH treatment, either by closed and/or open reduction, at a single institution between 1984 and 2007 with a minimal follow-up of eight years. Standard pelvis radiographs obtained at ages one, two, three, five, and eight years, and at latest follow-up were retrieved. The Bucholz-Ogden classification was used to determine the type of AVN on all radiographs. Poor outcome was defined by Severin classification grade 3 or above on the latest follow-up radiographs and/or the need for secondary surgery. With statistical shape modelling, we identified the different shape variants of the hip at each age. Logistic regression analysis was used to associate the different modes or shape variants with poor outcome. Results In all, 135 patients with AVN were identified, with a minimum of eight years of follow-up. Mean age at time of surgery was 7.0 months (SD 0.45), and mean follow-up was 13.3 years (SD 3.7). Overall, 46% had AVN type 1 while 54% type 2 or higher. More than half of the patients (52.6%) had a poor outcome. We found 11 shape variants that were significantly associated with a poor outcome. These shape variants were predominantly linked to AVN type 2 or higher. Conclusion Specific morphological characteristics on pelvis radiographs of AVN hips were predictive for poor outcome, at a very young age. There was an overall stronger association to Bucholz-Ogden types 2-3-4 with the exception of two modes at age two and five years, linked to AVN type 1. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):999–1004.
Characteristics and classification of medial malleolar fractures
Authors: Liu Yijun , Lu Hao , Xu Hailin , Xie Wenyong , Chen Xiaokun , Fu Zhongguo , Zhang Dianying , Jiang Baoguo 
Published: May 2021

Aims The morphology of medial malleolar fracture is highly variable and difficult to characterize without 3D reconstruction. There is also no universally accepeted classification system. Thus, we aimed to characterize fracture patterns of the medial malleolus and propose a classification scheme based on 3D CT reconstruction. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 537 consecutive cases of ankle fractures involving the medial malleolus treated in our institution. 3D fracture maps were produced by superimposing all the fracture lines onto a standard template. We sliced fracture fragments and the standard template based on selected sagittal and coronal planes to create 2D fracture maps, where angles α and β were measured. Angles α and β were defined as the acute angles formed by the fracture line and the horizontal line on the selected planes. Results A total of 121 ankle fractures were included. We revealed several important fracture features, such as a high correlation between posterior collicular fractures and posteromedial fragments. Moreover, we generalized the fracture geometry into three recurrent patterns on the coronal view of 3D maps (transverse, vertical, and irregular) and five recurrent patterns on the lateral view (transverse, oblique, vertical, Y-shaped, and irregular). According to the fracture geometry on the coronal and lateral view of 3D maps, we subsequently categorized medial malleolar fractures into six types based on the recurrent patterns: anterior collicular fracture (27 type I, 22.3%), posterior collicular fracture (12 type II, 9.9%), concurrent fracture of anterior and posterior colliculus (16 type III, 13.2%), and supra-intercollicular groove fracture (66 type IV, 54.5%). Therewere three variants of type IV fractures: transverse (type IVa), vertical (type IVb), and comminuted fracture (type IVc). The angles α and β varied accordingly. Conclusion Our findings yield insight into the characteristics and recurrent patterns of medial malleolar fractures. The proposed classification system is helpful in understanding injury mechanisms and guiding diagnosis, as well as surgical strategies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):931–938.
The Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society
Authors: Axelrod Daniel , Trask Kelly , Buckley Richard E. , Johal Herman 
Published: May 2021

Aims This study reviews the past 30 years of research from the Canadian Orthopedic Trauma Society (COTS), to identify predictive factors that delay or accelerate the course of randomized controlled trials in orthopaedic trauma. Methods We conducted a methodological review of all papers published through the Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society or its affiliates. Data abstracted included: year of publication; journal of publication; study type; number of study sites; sample size; and achievement of sample size goals. Information about the study timelines was also collected, including: the date of study proposal to COTS; date recruitment began; date recruitment ended; and date of publication. Results In total, 22 studies have been published through the COTS working group, 13 of which are randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In total, 1,423 individual patients have been involved in COTS studies, a mean of 110 patients per trial (22 to 424). Each study was conducted across a mean of approximately six centres (1 to 11) and took nearly ten years (mean 119.9 months (59 to 188)) from presentation of concept to publication. The mean length of enrolment was 63 months (26 to 113) and the mean time from cessation of enrolment to publication 51 months (19 to 78). Regardless of sample size, the only factor associated with a decreased length of enrolment was a higher number of clinical sites (p = 0.041). Neither study sample size nor length of enrolment were associated with total time to publication. Conclusion Over the last three decades, COTS has developed a multinational strategy to produce high-quality evidence in the field of orthopaedic trauma through 13 multicentre RCTs. Future efficiencies can be realized by recruitment of more clinical sites, improving connectivity between the sites, and the promotion of national streamlined ethics processes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):898–901.
Sub-50  fs pulse generation from a SESAM mode-locked Tm,Ho-codoped calcium aluminate laser
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Zhao Yongguang , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Guina Mircea , Pan Zhongben , Mero Mark , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin 
Published: May 2021

We report on sub-50 fs pulse generation from a passively mode-locked (ML) Tm,Ho-codoped crystalline laser operating in a 2 µm spectral region. A

T
m

,

H
o

:

C
a

(

G
d

,

L
u

)

A
l
O

4

laser delivers pulses as short as 46 fs at 2033 nm with an average power of 121 mW at a pulse repetition rate of

∼

78

M
H
z

employing a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror as a saturable absorber. To the best of our knowledge, this result represents the shortest pulses ever generated from a Tm- and/or Ho-based solid-state laser. Polarization switching in the anisotropic gain material is observed in the ML regime without any polarization selection elements which is essential for the shortest pulses.
Coexistence of quantum key distribution and optical transport network based on standard single-mode fiber at high launch power
Authors: Geng Jia-Qi , Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Wang Shuang , Zhang Qi-Fa , Hu Ying-Ying , Chen Wei , Yin Zhen-Qiang , He De-Yong , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu 
Published: May 2021

There is an increasing demand for multiplexing of quantum key distribution with optical communications in single fiber in consideration of high costs and practical applications in the metropolitan optical network. Here, we realize the integration of quantum key distribution and an optical transport network of 80 Gbps classical data at 15 dBm launch power over 50 km of the widely used standard (G.652 Recommendation of the International Telecom Union Telecom Standardization Sector) telecom fiber. A secure key rate of 11 Kbps over 20 km is obtained. By tolerating a high classical optical power up to 18 dBm of 160 Gbps classical data on single-mode fiber, our result shows the potential and tolerance of quantum key distribution being used in future large capacity transmission systems, such as metropolitan area networks and data centers. The quantum key distribution system is stable, practical, and insensitive to the polarization disturbance of channels by using a phase coding system based on a Faraday–Michelson interferometer. We also discuss the fundamental limit for quantum key distribution performance in the multiplexing environment.