bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casting a Health Equity Lens on Endocrinology and Diabetes
Authors: Golden Sherita Hill , Joseph Joshua J , Hill-Briggs Felicia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs endocrinologists we have focused on biological contributors to disparities in diabetes, obesity and other endocrine disorders. Given that diabetes is an exemplar health disparity condition, we, as a specialty, are also positioned to view the contributing factors and solutions more broadly. This will give us agency in contributing to health system, public health, and policy-level interventions to address the structural and institutional racism embedded in our medical and social systems. A history of unconsented medical and research experimentation on vulnerable groups and perpetuation of eugenics theory in the early 20th century have resulted in residual health care provider biases toward minority patients and patient distrust of medical systems, leading to poor quality of care. Historical discriminatory housing and lending policies resulted in racial residential segregation and neighborhoods with inadequate housing, healthy food access, and educational resources, setting the foundation for the social determinants of health (SDOH) contributing to present-day disparities. To reduce these disparities we need to ensure our health systems are implementing the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care to promote health equity. Because of racial biases inherent in our medical systems due to historical unethical practices in minority communities, health care provider training should incorporate awareness of unconscious bias, antiracism, and the value of diversity. Finally, we must also address poverty-related SDOH (eg, food and housing insecurity) by integrating social needs into medical care and using our voices to advocate for social policies that redress SDOH and restore environmental justice.
Paternalism and the Public Household
Authors: Desmarais-Tremblay Maxime 
Published: January 2021

The ancient Greek conception of oikonomia is often dismissed as irrelevant for making sense of the contemporary economic world. In this paper, I emphasize a thread that runs through the history of economic thought connecting the oikos to modern public economics. By conceptualizing the public economy as a public household, Richard A. Musgrave (1910–2007) set foot in a long tradition of analogy between the practically oriented household and the state.Despite continuous references to the domestic model by major economists throughout the centuries, the analogy has clashed with liberal values associated with the public sphere since the eighteenth century. Musgrave’s conceptualization of public expenditures represents one episode of this continuing tension. His defense of merit goods, in particular, was rejected by many American economists in the 1960s because it was perceived as a paternalistic intervention by the state. I suggest that the accusation of paternalism should not come as a surprise once the “domestic” elements in Musgrave’s conceptualization of the public sector are highlighted. I develop three points of the analogy in Musgrave’s public household which echo recurring patterns of thought about the state.
Commentary: Global Comparisons of Physician Associations
Authors: Laugesen Miriam J. , Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors reflect on their own work in relation to the articles in this special section on physician organizations, and they make four observations. First, association-government power relations shift after countries introduce universal health insurance, but they are by no means diminished. In France, Germany, and Japan, physicians' economic interests are explicitly considered against broader health system goals, such as providing affordable universal insurance. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), physician organizations do not share power in the same way. Second, in higher-income countries, fragmentation may occur along specialty or generalist lines, and some physicians are unionized. Generally speaking, physician influence over reimbursement policy is reduced because of organizational fragmentation. Third, associations develop as legitimate voices for physicians, but their relationship to other professions differs in higher-income countries. Associations in LMICs form coalitions with other health professionals. Finally, although German state physician associations have a key implementation role, in most countries, state and federal policy roles seem relatively defined. Global comparison of the LMICs and other countries suggests power, unity, legitimacy, and federal roles are tied closely to the stage of health system development.
Dysplasia, malformation, or deformity? - explanation of the basis of hip development disorders and suggestions for future diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Dygut Jacek , Piwowar Monika 
Published: January 2021

This publication focuses on processes that disrupt the proper development of the hip. Four pathomechanisms underlying human developmental defects are described in the literature, i.e. dysplasia, malformation, disruption, and deformity. In the case of hip development, arguably the greatest challenge involves confusion between dysplasia and deformity, which often leads to misdiagnosis, incorrect nomenclature, and incorrectly chosen treatment. The paper presents a description of hip joint development disorders in the context of their pathomechanisms. An attempt was made to answer the question of whether these disorders are rooted in a primary disorder of tissue growth, resulting in its incorrect anatomy, or are the result of anatomical deformation with secondary modifications in tissue structures of a degenerative or adaptive nature, based on Deplesch-Heuter-Volkmann growth and remodeling laws. In addition, the emphasis is placed on attention to the presence of the so-called clinically and diagnostically mute cases. The need to augment diagnostic procedures with genetic tests to increase the sensitivity of screening has also been suggested. Based on the arguments presented in the paper, a new division of developmental hip disorders has been proposed.
Neck circumference in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Espinoza López Patricia A. , Fernández Landeo Kelly Jéssica , Pérez Silva Mercado Rodrigo Ricardo , Quiñones Ardela Jesús José , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. 
Published: January 2021

Background: High neck circumference (NC) is associated with high burden diseases in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). NC complements established anthropometric measurements for early identification of cardio-metabolic and other illnesses. However, evidence about NC has not been systematically studied in LAC. We aimed to estimate the mean NC and the prevalence of high NC in LAC. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and LILACS. Search results were screened and studied by two reviewers independently. To assess risk of bias of individual studies, we used the Hoy et al. scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 182 abstracts were screened, 96 manuscripts were reviewed and 85 studies (n= 51,978) were summarized. From all the summarized studies, 14 were conducted in a sample of the general population, 23 were conducted with captive populations and 49 studies were conducted with patients. The pooled mean NC in the general population was 35.69 cm (95% IC: 34.85cm-36.53cm; I²: 99.6%). In our patient populations, the pooled mean NC in the obesity group was 42.56cm (95% CI 41.70cm-43.42cm; I²: 92.40%). Across all studied populations, there were several definitions of high NC; thus, prevalence estimates were not comparable. The prevalence of high NC ranged between 37.00% and 57.69% in the general population. The methodology to measure NC was not consistently reported. Conclusions: Mean NC in LAC appears to be in the range of estimates from other world regions. Inconsistent methods and definitions hamper cross-country comparisons and time trend analyses. There is a need for consistent and comparable definitions of NC so that it can be incorporated as a standard anthropometric indicator in surveys and epidemiological studies.
METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES IN CROP MANAGEMENT
Authors: Agieva Guzel' , Nizhegorodtseva Lyubov , Diabankana Roderik Zhil' Klare , Abramova Arina , Safin Radik , Hismatullin Mars 
Published: January 2021

The use of biological pesticides for protecting plants from various infectious diseases and controlling abiotic stresses is becoming increasingly widespread in various agricultural crops. However, the effectiveness of biological plant protection is strongly dependent on various factors, in particular on weather conditions. To increase the impact of the use of biological products in plant protection against diseases, it is necessary to search for new approaches.
One of the ways to increase the return on the use of biological products is the use of special adaptogens that increase the resistance of biological agents of biopesticides to the negative influence of the external environment. The Kazan State Agrarian University developed an adaptogen for bioagents of biological products based on alcohol extracts of millet. In 2019, on spring barley, the use of their mixtures with an adaptogen when spraying with biological products made it possible to increase the yield per 1,75 t / ha in comparison with the control and per 0,36 t / ha when using only biological products. At the same time, the effectiveness of control of the main leaf mycoses increased
In 2020, studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of biological products with the addition of the silicon-containing mineral diatomite when spraying barley plants. It has been established that the use of such formulations makes it possible to increase the productivity of plants, enhance the effectiveness of pathogen control in comparison with a standard biofungicide
TRANSLATION TOOL TECHNOLOGY TREND : WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS FOR THE STUDENTS?
Authors: Bangun Eka Uli Putri Br , Mustafa Siti Maisaroh 
Published: January 2021

The popularization of the computer and its technology have brought about some significant changes. Technology itself has impacted almost every aspect of life today, and education is no exception. Technology provides not only a window to the world but also easy access to thousands of learning resources. Regarding English learning, translation is a part of learning activities in which students sometimes assigned for translation work. Hence, a specific translation tool, namely Google translate, is preferred and utilized. This research aims to examine the impacts of using the translation tool for students and how frequently they use it in their learning activities. It is quantitative research and the methods of the data collections comprised tests, additional interviews and questionnaires. The samples of this research were 40 students at LP3I. It was evident that the translation tool had positive impacts on the students. The data could derive from the results of Pre-test and Post-test of the students. They got a higher score before and after using the translation tool. Although translation tool had good impacts for students, some problematic points were using the translation tool. Students suggested to check and recheck the result of their translation in the target language. The translation tool also helped students do writing tasks, even though there was some positive and negative impact on students' translation tool utilization.
DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION AS CHARACTER BUILDING
Authors: Defitrika Fajar , Mahmudah Fitri Nur 
Published: January 2021

The industrial era 4.0 requires that every individual must have superior competence and wise morals. Life skill education is an effective strategy to face the XXI century competition. However, there has been no development in line with the demands, resulting in much unemployment in Indonesia. Character education is encouraged to maintain and strengthen the culture and character of the nation. However, in reality, character education has not yet integrated into all school-based development programs. This research explores the development of character education based on life skill education at Pondok Pesantren Modern Muhammadiyah Boarding School (PPM MBS) Yogyakarta. This qualitative research uses an ethnographic approach. Researchers' data is through the interview, observation, and documentation techniques—data analysis process with data reduction stages, data presentation, and conclusion. Triangulation sources and techniques used as a test of data validity. This study's findings show the strengthening of character education through life skills education orienting on self-development and boarding schools' cultural development. This study's findings recommend various life skill education programs that can develop and character education strategies in formal schools.
Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manzo-Toledo Amahirany , Torres-Rosas Rafael , Mendieta-Zerón Hugo , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Argueta-Figueroa Liliana 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND Given the urgency of finding a specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several approaches have been carried out, including the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). This study was aimed to systematically evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19 disease.
METHODS We searched 3 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials) until May 31, 2020 for clinical studies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 comparing conventional treatment with and without HCQ combined with or without azithromycin. The risk of bias assessment and quality evaluation was carried out according to the Cochrane recommendations.
RESULTS 5 articles (1 randomized clinical trial [RCT], 1 non-RCT, and 3 cohort studies) were included. The main outcome measure in 2 articles was the virological conversion determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; however, the findings of both studies were contrary. The main objective of the other studies was to determine the effects of HCQ on COVID-19 mortality, and the studies showed similar results. In general, the studies showed methodological limitations, risk of bias, and variable quality. A meta-analysis from 2,041 patients showed the odds ratio of mortality for patients having HCQ and standard care was 1.38 (95% CI 0.93–2.04).
CONCLUSIONS Considering the limited data available and the very low-to-moderate quality of the studies included in this systematic review, the evidence suggests that the HCQ administration does not decrease the risk of death from COVID-19.
Clinical outcome prediction from analysis of microelectrode recordings using deep learning in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson`s disease
Authors: Park Kwang Hyon , Sun Sukkyu , Lim Yong Hoon , Park Hye Ran , Lee Jae Meen , Park Kawngwoo , Jeon Beomseok , Park Hee-Pyoung , Kim Hee Chan , Paek Sun Ha 
Published: January 2021

Background
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for improving the motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Accurate positioning of the stimulation electrodes is necessary for better clinical outcomes.

Objective
We applied deep learning techniques to microelectrode recording (MER) signals to better predict motor function improvement, represented by the UPDRS part III scores, after bilateral STN DBS in patients with advanced PD. If we find the optimal stimulation point with MER by deep learning, we can improve the clinical outcome of STN DBS even under restrictions such as general anesthesia or non-cooperation of the patients.

Methods
In total, 696 4-second left-side MER segments from 34 patients with advanced PD who underwent bilateral STN DBS surgery under general anesthesia were included. We transformed the original signal into three wavelets of 1–50 Hz, 50–500 Hz, and 500–5,000 Hz. The wavelet-transformed MER was used for input data of the deep learning. The patients were divided into two groups, good response and moderate response groups, according to DBS on to off ratio of UPDRS part III score for the off-medication state, 6 months postoperatively. The ratio were used for output data in deep learning. The Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16 model with a multitask learning algorithm was used to estimate the bilateral effect of DBS. Different ratios of the loss function in the task-specific layer were applied considering that DBS affects both sides differently.

Results
When we divided the MER signals according to the frequency, the maximal accuracy was higher in the 50–500 Hz group than in the 1–50 Hz and 500–5,000 Hz groups. In addition, when the multitask learning method was applied, the stability of the model was improved in comparison with single task learning. The maximal accuracy (80.21%) occurred when the right-to-left loss ratio was 5:1 or 6:1. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Conclusion
Clinical improvements in PD patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS could be predicted based on a multitask deep learning-based MER analysis.
Socioeconomic determinants of hypertension and prehypertension in Peru: Evidence from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Chambergo-Michilot Diego , Rebatta-Acuña Alexis , Delgado-Flores Carolina J. , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Peru is a Latin American country with a significant burden of hypertension that presents worrying rates of disparities in socioeconomic determinants. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the association between those determinants, hypertension and prehypertension in Peruvian population.

Objective
We aimed to assess the association betwgeen socioeconomic determinants, hypertension and prehypertension using a nationally representative survey of Peruvians.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (2018), which is a two-staged regional-level representative survey. We used data from 33,336 people aged 15 and older. The dependent variable was blood pressure classification (normal, prehypertension and hypertension) following the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC-7) on hypertension management. Independent variables were socioeconomic: age, sex, marital status, wealth index, health insurance, education, region and area of residence. Due to the nature of the dependent variable (more than two categories), we opted to use the multinomial regression model, adjusting the effect of the multistage sample using the svy command. We tested interactions with the adjusted Wald test.

Results
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 33.68% and 19.77%, respectively. Awareness was higher in urban than in rural areas (9.61% vs. 8.31%, p = 0.008). Factors associated with a higher prevalence ratio of both prehypertension and hypertension were age (ratios rose with each age group), male sex (prehypertension aRPR 5.15, 95%CI 4.63–5.73; hypertension aRPR 3.85, 95% CI 3.37–4.40) and abdominal obesity (prehypertension aRPR 2.11, 95%CI 1.92–2.31; hypertension aRPR 3.04, 95% CI 2.69–3.43). Factors with a lower prevalence ratio of both diseases were secondary education (prehypertension aRPR 0.76, 95%CI 0.60–0.95; hypertension aRPR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.97), higher education (prehypertension aRPR 0.78, 95%CI 0.61–0.99; hypertension aRPR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.82), being married/cohabiting (prehypertension aRPR 0.87, 95%CI 0.79–0.95; hypertension aRPR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87), richest wealth index (only prehypertension aRPR 0.76, 95%CI 0.63–0.92) and living in cities different to Lima (rest of the Coastline, Highlands and Jungle). Having health insurance (only hypertension aRPR 1.26, 95%CI 1.03–1.53) and current drinking (only prehypertension aRPR 1.15, 95%CI 1.01–1.32) became significant factors in rural areas.

Conclusions
We evidenced socioeconomic disparities among people with hypertension and prehypertension. Better health policies on reducing the burden of risk factors are needed, besides, policy decision makers should focus on hypertension preventive strategies in Peru.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN KEGIATAN SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN REMAJA MASJID
Authors: Najib Try Marifan 
Published: January 2021

The village fostering is one of the JMMI ITS Surabaya socio-religious activity programs. Every mosque is required to make programs and activities that are diverse and attractive to the community. Therefore, these programs need to be presented properly and attractively through a marketing strategy. The purpose of this study is to describe how the segmenting, targeting and positioning (STP) of the JMMI social activity market. This research uses descriptive qualitative method, while the data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation. This study found that the grouping of JMMI target villages is divided into four areas that can be reached or close to the ITS campus, namely: Kejawan, Keputih, Gebang, and Medokan. Communication and cooperation between JMMI and the community really help the community's economy.Keywords: Strategy, Marketing, Social ActivitiesDesa binaan adalah salah satu program kegiatan sosial keagamaan JMMI ITS Surabaya. Setiap masjid dituntut untuk membuat program maupun kegiatan yang beraneka ragam sekaligus menarik bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, program-program tersebut perlu dikemas dan dipasarkan dengan baik dan menarik melalui strategi pemasaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana segmenting, targetting dan positioimg pasar kegiatan sosial JMMI. Fokus masalah yang diteliti adalah analisis proses kegiatan sosial keagamaan JMMI ITS Surabaya menggunakan teori Segmenting,Targetting, Positioning (STP). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, jenis penelitian ini adalah menganalisis data yang telah dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan strategi pemasaran dengan menggunakan teori STP yang telah dilakukan JMMI ITS Surabaya dan menjabarkan proses STP yang diterapkan pada kegiatan sosial keagamaan JMMI ITS Surabaya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan sebagai berikut. Pertama pengelompokan desa binaan JMMI dibagi menjadi empat wilayah yang bisa dijangkau atau dekat dari kampus ITS yaitu: Kejawan, Keputih, Gebang, dan Medokan. Kedua komunikasi dan kerjasama antara JMMI dan lingkungan Masyarakat membantu perekonomian masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Strategi, Pemasaran, Kegiatan Sosial