bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Tumor Classification Using Texture Feature Extraction
Authors: Abbas Heba Kh. , Fatah Nada A. , Mohamad Haidar J. , Alzuky Ali A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Medical imaging methods are necessary for tumor treatment. Image processing increases the accuracy, location, efficiency and recognizes tumor in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the human brain. There are three MRI image cases studied consist of one image of a healthy human brain, and two with brain cancer cases to extract tumor size, area, dimension, and location. We presented two steps to extract the texture properties from the three image cases. The first step consists of two methods, used to extract statistical image feature, which is a grey level co-occurrence matrix modified method and the proposed grey level Run-length matrix method. The second step consists of two methods applied to the outputs of step-one to extract the full information. These methods are segmentation based on threshold technique and supervised classification technique based on the parallel pipe. Moreover, there are twelve features studied like the image roughness, uniformity or energy, and local homogeneity extracted to show the quality difference between methods. Image histogram presented to show the small difference between the output of the features. The result shows the segmentation based on threshold technique has efficient output with higher accuracy as well as the presented methods.
Incorporating 3D Metal Printing with Artificial Intelligence in Meeting Aerospace Demands
Authors: Syuhada Aneez , Shamsudin M S , Omar M F , Ghoshal S K , Harun S W , Aziz M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
3D metal printing and aerospace industry is an ideal combination where 3D metal printing offers unmatched advantages over the conventional method in terms of its rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, easy maintenance and repairs. With the provision and implementation of 3D metal printing onto aerospace sector, leading manufacturers are now enjoying great benefits as this exciting technology reduces the lead-time, increases production flexibility as well as cost-effective. However, we are now left with a big question: whether or not this 3D metal printing technology has arrived to its maximum capacity where the system operates with no flaw. Previous studies have shown that 3D metal printing is battling with its consistency, repeatability and traceability due to many independent variables that need to be controlled in a single run. Adoption of Artificial Intelligence onto the 3D metal printing has been viewed to be a promising step and therefore, serves as a cornerstone towards a better development of 3D metal printing technology.
Sensitivity Analyses of Cu/Chitosan and Ag/Chitosan Based SPR Biosensor for Glucose Detection
Authors: Mukhtar Wan Maisarah , Taib Nur Athirah Mohd , Rashid Affa Rozana Abdul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the sensitivity performance between hybrid thin films of Copper (Cu)/Chitosan and silver (Ag)/Chitosan for glucose biosensing applications. Ag and Cu with refractive indices of n=0.1351+3.9853k and n=0.2388+3.4156k are coated onto the flat surface of hemispherical prism prior 10nm thickness of chitosan (n=1.54+0.015k). The thicknesses of metal are varied between 35nm until 49nm. To generate SPR, a red laser of 633nm p-polarized light is incident onto the Cu/Chitosan and Ag/Chitosan coated prism. Light incident angles are varied from 40° to 60° via the angular interrogation technique. Glucose solution with a concentration of 70mg/dl and 235mg/dl (1.38 RIU and 1.53 RIU, respectively) are flown along with the flow cell during SPR to investigate the sensing ability of the proposed sensors. The relationship between hybrid thin film thicknesses and the value of minimum reflectance shows a polynomial pattern as the thicknesses increased. Based on Q2 analysis, the deployment of Ag/Chitosan results in 18.51% poorer stability performance of Rmin
value than Cu/Chitosan SPR sensor. The Cu/Chitosan SPR sensor at total thicknesses within the range from 46nm to 49nm and from 53nm to 56nm exhibits 67% better potential than Ag/Chitosan due to its sensitivity and selectivity in differentiating dissimilar concentration of glucose with a maximum sensitivity of 6°/RIU. We believe the utilization of Cu/Chitosan as plasmonic sensing material offers a low-cost sensor that easy to handle, cheap, miniaturized and excellent sensitivity.
Fifth order of non-polynomial spline functions to find a second type integral numerical solution linear Volterra with weakly singular kernel
Authors: Hamad Ahmed Sh. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, the fifth order non-polynomial spline functions are used to solve linear Volterra integral equations with weakly singular kernel. Numerical example is presented to illustrate the applications of this method and to compare the computed results with other numerical methods. we take integral equation when it has the kernel and it is non-linear. The results are the approximations that depended on Volterra integral equation. Our work calculated the results for the Volterra integral equation, which are approximate that the error is found.
Frequency characterization of dielectric parameters and impedance of irradiated diabetic blood using He-Ne laser and non-diabetic human blood samples
Authors: Gemanam Sylvester J. , Suardi Nursakinah , Ikyo Barnabas A. , Oluwafemi Samson Damilola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research study elucidates the dielectric parameters of both diabetic and nondiabetic human blood relatives to frequency which are paramount for blood study and functional therapeutic mechanisms using He-Ne laser irradiation. In the work, the Agilent 4294A impedance analyser within frequency range 40 Hz – 30 MHz and designed cuvette cells with two electrodes each were used for the analysis of 48 human blood samples (24 diabetic blood of glucose level 9.28 mmol/L and 24 non-diabetic blood) collected through venepuncture. Irradiations were done with 532 nm wavelength He-Ne laser of power output of 60 mW for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes’ durations. The studied dielectric parameters (dielectric constant, dielectric loss and electric conductivity) demonstrated significantly high values in the control diabetic blood with low impedance level compared to the control non-diabetic blood which demonstrated higher impedance level. The irradiated diabetic blood shows reduced values of the dielectric parameters after irradiation exposure durations of 5 and 10 minutes with significant increase in impedance level. While the dielectric parameters significantly increased when exposed diabetic blood for 15 and 20 minutes became crenated therefore abruptly experienced a dropped in the impedance level. The observed significant variation in dielectric parameters and impedance levels of both blood could be recognised as the result of cellular morphology and the physiological conditions of erythrocytes membranes and other constituents which characterizes its electric response. The irradiated diabetic blood demonstrates positive biostimulation effects due to the enhance stimulation ability of the He-Ne laser irradiation as a safe and effective therapeutic modality for diabetes mellitus.
The Application of the Seismic Method in Site Properties Assessment
Authors: Alsamarraie Mundher Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Similar to the broad use of the seismic methods to identify the layers of soil and the distance strike the bedrock, initial site properties require geophysical techniques to assess them. This research was carried out to investigate the properties of the subsurface composition of a backyard area in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor campus, guided by the principles of this process. The Evaluation of seismic data analyzed using ZondST2D computer software by calculating the first arriving time of the propagated seismic wave throughout soil layers to obtain a subsurface prototype. The examined subsurface profile was composed of four layers displaying the weathering grade level of scales between 600 m/s to 4000 m/s depending on Malaysia’s rock mass categorization. Weathering concentrations were observed to be declining at higher depth, with increased density of the material and reduced seismic velocity dampness. It was found that only for shallow subsurface compositions which is far from interference and noise, can the analysis of seismic refraction be conducted progressively.
Physical, Structural, and Raman Spectroscopic Traits of Neodymium-Doped Lead Oxyfluoride Zinc Phosphate Glass
Authors: Isa N Y M , Sazali E S , Hisam R , Ghoshal S K , Zain S K M , Juma’in N H , Yaacob S N S , Mahraz Z A S , Harun A N , Noor F M , Sahar M R , Samah K A , Aziz M S , Salim A A , Awang A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nd3+ with composition of (60 - x) P2O5 - 10ZnO - 30PbF2 - (x) Nd2O3 where (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol %) was prepared using a melt-quenching approach to the development of transparent glasses. These glasses have been confirmed to be an amorphous structure through XRD analysis. The glass density, molar volume and ionic packing density were obtained in the range of 3.978-4.157 g cm−3, 41.949 - 41.073 cm3 mol−1 and 0.614-0.624, respectively. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, the chemical functional groups and biomolecules of samples were characterised. The FTIR spectra revealed six main bands assigned to P-O, P-O-P, P=O, (PO3)2- and hydroxyl groups (O-H), while Raman shift detected five symmetric and asymmetric bands attributed to P-O-P bonds in Q1 units, (PO4)3- bonds in Q0 units, (PO3)2- bonds in Q1 units, (PO2)− bonds in Q2 units and P=O bonds in Q3 units. It is believed that the proposed oxyfluoride glasses may be useful and suitable applicant to lasing materials and sensors sensitivity.
Profiling pH and Moisture Content of Stingless Bee Honey in Closed and Opened Cerumen Honey Pots
Authors: Mohammed Hassan K N A , Raja Ibrahim R K , Maisarah D , Zakaria Z , Ihsan N , Fauziah T A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to profile the pH and moisture content of stingless bee honey in closed and opened cerumen honey pots from a single hive of stingless bee. The evaluation was conducted in February and September 2020. Portable pH meter and refractometer were used to measure on-field data of honey pH and moisture content. On-field data measurement revealed that the average pH for closed pots was 3.43 while 3.62 for opened pots. Honey measured in September was found to have higher of moisture content with mean value of 32% compared to honey measured in February with 25%. High moisture content is a worrisome problem because it will accelerate quality deterioration of stingless bee honey which mostly contributed by fermentation process. Low pH value also influences the consumer preference as the taste of honey will be more sour. So, this study suggests that wetter season in September could give rise to the moisture content of honey due to higher humidity of surrounding contrarily from dry season in February and could affect the quality of stingless bee honey.
Simulation Analysis on the Simultaneous Deployment of Brillouin Gain and Loss in Coded Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) Fiber Sensor
Authors: Zan M S D , Elgaud M M , Zainuddin A R , Kadhim A S , Mokhtar M H H , Arsad N , Bakar A A A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report in this paper the simulation analysis on the simultaneous deployment of Brillouin gain and Brillouin loss in the Golay coded phase-shift pulse Brillouin optical time domain analysis (PSP-BOTDA) fiber optic sensor for improving the sensing distance and at the same time obtaining high spatial resolution measurement. In this technique, the Golay coded pump pulse is alternately frequency modulated for the purpose of generating Stokes and Anti-Stokes scattering. The technique also modulates the coded pump with the return-to-zero (RZ) formats. Simulation analysis has revealed that the simultaneous use of Brillouin gain- and loss and the pulse coding technique in the PSP-BOTDA has improved the dynamic sensing range and the signal-to-noise improvement ratio (SNIR) of the sensor. By performing simulation over 500 m of fiber, we have also successfully demonstrated 10-cm of high spatial resolution measurement with the use of 1ns of coded pulse duration.
The Efficiency of DBD Cold Plasma Pen Treatment on the Oyster Mushroom Bacterial Decontamination
Authors: Agun L , Sabirin S , Ahmad N , Zakaria Z , Redzuan N , Raja Ibrahim R K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cold plasma provided bacterial inactivation role in food industry. In this study, the cold plasma play a crucial inactivation role when effectively reduces the bacteria colonies on oyster mushroom surface. By development of the dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma pen (DBD-CPP) system, the mushroom surface was exposed to the cold plasma discharge with variable of exposure treatment time (0 min, 0.5 min, 1 min, 3 min and 5 min) with ~6 kV of power voltage and 5 SLM of atmospheric gas pressure flow rate. In order to identify the reduction of the microbial growth, isolation technique will be carry out by excising the mushroom sample into a suspension and serial dilution follows by identification of its colony morphologies and characteristics. Results screening shows increments of exposure treatment times up to 3 min shows none growth of bacteria colonies. This because the bacteria cell wall was disrupt and destruction by the plasma bombardment. Thus, this study able to extend the lifetime of the mushroom and produce a free microbial fresh mushroom by decontaminate the bacteria on the mushroom surface
Sinterability of Calcium Phosphate Through Rapid Sintering
Authors: Natasha A N , Ramesh S , Tan C Y , Bang L T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDevelopment of dense nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) with the major concern to enhance densification while limiting its grain growth has received great demand. This is due to inherent brittleness and lower mechanical strength of HA ceramic. A promising way to obtain this could be a fabrication of nanostructured HA materials through rapid sintering process. In this work, eggshell derived hydroxyapatite powder has been prepared via solid state route and its sinterability was investigated through microwave sintering (1000-1250 °C). The phase stability, microstructural evolution, relative density and hardness of the microwave sintered HA were reflected. The results indicate that the rapid sintering regime has been successfully employed with pure HA phase stability remained up to 1200°C and the relative density and hardness increase with increase in sintering temperature. On top of that, the result also showed good correlation of grain size and mechanical properties of HA and supported that microwave sintering did not promote extensive grain growth of HA.
A Survey on Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Edema Detection Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Neamah K , Mohamed F , Adnan M M , Thajeel S A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Early brain tumor diagnosis has a significant role in reducing the risk of disease, as well as led to get better treatment results. Usually, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are evaluated manually through visual inspection, which is difficult, time-consuming and often erroneous;this process is performed by radiologists or clinical experts, and its accuracy depends on their experience. Recently, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) becomes very essential to overcome these limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the existing techniques and methodologies for automated detection of brain tumor coupled with oedema detection methods utilisation, with an emphasis on machine learning models. Moreover, this paper provides an analysis of the integrated procedure that pertains to the retrieval of brain pictures by identifying particular data sets in the procedure to recognise the stipulated attributes.
Highly porous nanocomposite of NiMoS4 nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide for energy storage application
Authors: Van Hoa Nguyen , Dat Pham Anh , Ngoc Le Tran , Minh Nguyen Cong , Van Tang Nguyen , Thi Nga Dao , Ngoc Tran Quang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents a high porous nanocomposite composed of reduced graphene oxide and NiMoS4 (RGO/NiMoS4) for supercapacitor electrode materials. The different morphologies of NiMoS4 growth on RGO sheets were obtained via a facile one-step microwave-assisted method. The obtained material comprised NiMoS4 nanoneedles of several nanometers in diameter, which are well attached to the surface of RGO nanosheets. The RGO/NiMoS4 nanocomposite had a mesoporous structure, high specific surface area, and high electric conductivity. These excellent characteristics yield a fast electron and ion transport, and a large number of electroactive sites. The RGO/NiMoS4 composite delivered a specific capacitance of 1273 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, high-rate capability of 71.3% retention from 1 to 6.5 A g−1. Besides, an asymmetric supercapacitor device had a capacitance of 80 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 and an energy density of 82.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1000 W kg−1 with an operating voltage of 1.6 V. Thus, the current RGO/NiMoS4 nanocomposite has a great potential for energy storage application.
Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Detrick Jordan A , Zink Caroline , Rosch Keri Shiels , Horn Paul S , Huddleston David A , Crocetti Deana , Wu Steve W , Pedapati Ernest V , Wassermann Eric M , Mostofsky Stewart H , Gilbert Donald L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol—used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s Disease—with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Semblance and Separation: Comparing the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Hong Kong and England
Authors: Lee Arthur R , Yeung Joshua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article provides a comparative overview of the current law of unjust enrichment in Hong Kong, examining how this body of law developed and diverged from its original English roots. Unjust enrichment law in Hong Kong largely mirrors that in England, retaining its nature as a subsidiary cause of action and the four-stage framework for unjust enrichment: (i) enrichment of the defendant; (ii) at the expense of the claimant; (iii) unjust factor; and (iv) defences. Most of the elements of the four-stage framework also follow the English approach, apart from defences to unjust enrichment. In this regard, the legal position in Hong Kong differs from that of England in several ways. The ‘wrongdoer’ and ‘bad faith’ bars to the change of position defence are interpreted far more broadly in Hong Kong. This divergence is unfortunately problematic, as it involves a misreading of previous English jurisprudence, leads to harsh results, and significantly limits the ability of the change of position defence to support the development of the law of restitution. The illegality defence in Hong Kong also differs by following the previous ‘reliance principle’ in Tinsley v Milligan, rather than the ‘range of factors’ approach in Patel v Mirza, especially due to the uncertainty engineered by the latter approach.
Social mobility by parent education and childhood overweight and obesity: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Lizi , Yang-Huang Junwen , Wang Haijun , Santos Susana , van Grieken Amy , Raat Hein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The association of social mobility, measured by parent education and childhood overweight and obesity (OWOB) has been scarcely reported on. This study evaluated the associations between social mobility measured by parent education and childhood OWOB at child age 6 and 10 years.

Methods
We analyzed data of 4030 children and parents participating in the Generation R study. We used generalized linear models controlling for potential confounders to determine if social mobility (upward mobility, static-low and static-high based on the change of parent education) was associated with age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores of body mass index (BMI-SDS) or OWOB (the cut-offs of International Obesity Task Force).

Results
Mean BMI-SDS of the children was 0.23 ± 0.89 and 0.26 ± 1.03 at child age 6 and 10 years, respectively; the prevalence of OWOB increased from 15.2 to 17.4%. Compared with children from mothers in the upward mobility group, children from mothers in the static-high group had lower BMI-SDS and lower odds of OWOB at both ages (all P &lt; 0.001). Compared with children from fathers in the upward mobility group, children from fathers in static-low group had higher BMI-SDS and higher odds of OWOB at both ages (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study contributes to the literature by showing that the behaviors of parents’ obtaining a higher level of education after the child was born may be beneficial to attenuate the odds of the child developing overweight in late childhood.