bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Coronal Garnet in Anhydrous High-Fe Ultrabasic Rocks: The Interplay Between Metamorphic Reaction Progress, Local Strain Heterogeneity and Grain Boundary Diffusion
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhijit , Dey Joyjit , Kushwaha Aman , Sequeira Nicole 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoronal garnets at pyroxene-plagioclase interfaces are traditionally used to estimate P-T conditions and reconstruct P-T paths. However, the mechanism by which the coronal garnet grows is poorly constrained. We address the issue based on the analyses of textures, mineral compositions, and crystallographic orientations of coronal garnets and associated minerals. In the Bolangir anorthosite massif (Eastern India), coronal garnets are common at the interfaces of plagioclase phenocrysts and Fe-rich pyroxenes within ferrodiorites, and at ferrodiorite-anorthosite interfaces. The plagioclase phenocrysts comprise weakly recrystallized and chemically homogenous An-rich cores (Pl1) that are partly and/or completely replaced by mantles of smaller, chemically zoned, dynamically recrystallized An-poorer plagioclase (Pl2) grains. Chemically similar beads and coalescent grains of garnet occur inward within the recrystallized Pl2 mosaic lacking ferromagnesian minerals/Fe-Ti oxides. Aggregates of elongate garnet grains oriented orthogonal to ferrodiorite-anorthosite interfaces also form continuous corona layers. The coronal garnets formed at peak P-T conditions (900°C, ≤7 kb) due to the NC(FM)AS continuous reaction Pl1 + Opx + Cpx → Pl2 + Grt, and progressed from rim inwards into the phenocrysts. Well-faceted garnet corona associated with Pl2 exhibits a random crystal preferred orientation (CPO). However, low-angle subgrain boundaries, cellular microstructure, internal lattice distortion, and orientation dispersion with rational crystallographic rotation axis in the coronal garnets indicate locally developed growth-induced stress fields affecting the garnets.The growth of coronal garnets hosted within Pl2 well inside the plagioclase necessitates the transport of Fe, Mg from the melanocratic matrix along distances comparable to the radii (∼350 µm) of the phenocrysts. We argue that grain boundary diffusion along networks of grain boundaries of Pl2 provided pathways for Fe, Mg transport to the zones where coronal garnets formed via reactions that consumed Pl1 and produced Pl2. The formation of garnet induced heterogeneous strain development within the plagioclase phenocrysts, intense at the plagioclase margin and neighboring coronal garnets. The lack of CPO in the garnets attests to the absence of far-field stress; but dislocations and lattice distortion indicate that local stresses developed to accommodate garnet growth within plagioclase. In other words, garnet grew by a feedback mechanism that linked chemical potential gradient with the elastic contribution induced by the time-space varying local stresses generated by the growing garnet grains within the confines of the plagioclase phenocrysts.
A small molecule antagonizes jasmonic acid perception and auxin responses in vascular and nonvascular plants
Authors: Chini Andrea , Monte Isabel , Fernández-Barbero Gemma , Boter Marta , Hicks Glenn , Raikhel Natasha , Solano Roberto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) regulates many stress responses and developmental processes in plants. A co-receptor complex formed by the F-box protein Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1) and a Jasmonate (JA) ZIM-domain (JAZ) repressor perceives the hormone. JA-Ile antagonists are invaluable tools for exploring the role of JA-Ile in specific tissues and developmental stages, and for identifying regulatory processes of the signaling pathway. Using two complementary chemical screens, we identified three compounds that exhibit a robust inhibitory effect on both the hormone-mediated COI–JAZ interaction and degradation of JAZ1 and JAZ9 in vivo. One molecule, J4, also restrains specific JA-induced physiological responses in different angiosperm plants, including JA-mediated gene expression, growth inhibition, chlorophyll degradation, and anthocyanin accumulation. Interaction experiments with purified proteins indicate that J4 directly interferes with the formation of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) COI1–JAZ complex otherwise induced by JA. The antagonistic effect of J4 on COI1–JAZ also occurs in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, suggesting the mode of action is conserved in land plants. Besides JA signaling, J4 works as an antagonist of the closely related auxin signaling pathway, preventing Transport Inhibitor Response1/Aux–indole-3-acetic acid interaction and auxin responses in planta, including hormone-mediated degradation of an auxin repressor, gene expression, and gravitropic response. However, J4 does not affect other hormonal pathways. Altogether, our results show that this dual antagonist competes with JA-Ile and auxin, preventing the formation of phylogenetically related receptor complexes. J4 may be a useful tool to dissect both the JA-Ile and auxin pathways in particular tissues and developmental stages since it reversibly inhibits these pathways.
One-sentence summary: A chemical screen identified a molecule that antagonizes jasmonate perception by directly interfering with receptor complex formation in phylogenetically distant vascular and nonvascular plants.
Sulfur deficiency-induced genes affect seed protein accumulation and composition under sulfate deprivation
Authors: Aarabi Fayezeh , Rakpenthai Apidet , Barahimipour Rouhollah , Gorka Michal , Alseekh Saleh , Zhang Youjun , Salem Mohamed A , Brückner Franziska , Omranian Nooshin , Watanabe Mutsumi , Nikoloski Zoran , Giavalisco Patrick , Tohge Takayuki , Graf Alexander , Fernie Alisdair R , Hoefgen Rainer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sulfur deficiency-induced proteins SDI1 and SDI2 play a fundamental role in sulfur homeostasis under sulfate-deprived conditions (−S) by downregulating glucosinolates. Here, we identified that besides glucosinolate regulation under –S, SDI1 downregulates another sulfur pool, the S-rich 2S seed storage proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. We identified that MYB28 directly regulates 2S seed storage proteins by binding to the At2S4 promoter. We also showed that SDI1 downregulates 2S seed storage proteins by forming a ternary protein complex with MYB28 and MYC2, another transcription factor involved in the regulation of seed storage proteins. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of plant responses to sulfur deficiency.
iRegNet: an

i

ntegrative

Reg

ulatory

Net

work analysis tool for Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shim Sangrea , Park Chung-Mo , Seo Pil Joon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gene expression is delicately controlled via multilayered genetic and/or epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Rapid development of the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and its derivative methods including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) have generated a large volume of data on DNA–protein interactions (DPIs) and histone modifications on a genome-wide scale. However, the ability to comprehensively retrieve empirically validated upstream regulatory networks of genes of interest (GOIs) and genomic regions of interest (ROIs) remains limited. Here, we present integrative Regulatory Network (iRegNet), a web application that analyzes the upstream regulatory network for user-queried GOIs or ROIs in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. iRegNet covers the largest empirically proven DNA-binding profiles of Arabidopsis transcription factors (TFs) and non-TF proteins, and histone modifications obtained from all currently available Arabidopsis ChIP-seq and DAP-seq data. iRegNet not only catalogs upstream regulomes and epigenetic chromatin states for single-query gene/genomic region but also suggests significantly overrepresented upstream genetic regulators and epigenetic chromatin states of user-submitted multiple query genes/genomic regions. Furthermore, gene-to-gene coexpression index and protein–protein interaction information were also integrated into iRegNet for a more reliable identification of upstream regulators and realistic regulatory networks. Thus, iRegNet will help discover upstream regulators as well as molecular regulatory networks of GOI(s) and/or ROI(s), and is freely available at http://chromatindynamics.snu.ac.kr:8082/iRegNet_main.
The Creepy White Guy and the Helpless Asian: How Sexual Racism Persists in a Gay Interracial Friendship Group
Authors: Phan Howard Khoa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow is sexual racism maintained in an organization that claims to resist it? This article applies the concept of sexual racism to an organizational case study of a friendship group of gay Asian and white men that aims to uplift Asian men’s erotic capital, but which actually upholds white desirability. Through ethnographic observations and interviews, the author first compares Asian and white men’s unequal positions on the gay sexual hierarchy before joining the group. The author unpacks four dimensions of organizational experience in which sexual racism is reproduced and white desirability is maintained: (1) a group monitoring practice that reproduces interracial stereotypes; (2) the normalized Asian-white pairing norm and the necessity of whiteness in romantic formation; (3) Asians vs. whites’ personal experiences of change in sexual capital that stabilize white desirability while Asians’ desirability increase with a cost; and (4) the reproduction of anti-Blackness in group-level constraints against non-white, non-Asian members. These findings contribute to sociological understandings of the racialization of sexuality and the sexualization of race by showing how an alternative space of desire for minority groups can still manifest sexual racism on individual and organizational levels.
9Pandemics and Popular Culture
Authors: Danesi Marcel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The three books reviewed here deal with the interrelation between pandemics, society, and culture. The common subtext within them is that pandemics have always had a shattering effect on the social status quo. Published at the threshold of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, they bear concrete implications for assessing how American popular culture is being impacted by the outbreak, and how it might evolve. The review is divided into five sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Plagues and Culture; 3. Covid-19 and Misinformation Culture; 4. Pandemics and Society; 5. Conclusion. In the span of two decades, the world has been subjected to several pandemics, including SARS in 2003, bird flu in 2005, swine flu in 2009, MERS in 2012, Ebola in 2014, and currently Covid-19 in 2020–21. Because of this, several cultural phenomena have crystallized that are the direct consequence of what can be called a pandemic era, ranging from a broad interest in the plague literature and cinema of the past to the burgeoning of books for the general public on pandemics and how their outcomes (medical and social) are shaped by the politics and discourses of misinformation. A recurring theme in the books under review is that coping with pandemics, and especially ‘pandemic fatigue’, involves an engagement with literature and the arts—both of which have themselves been shaped by pandemics of the past. The books are thus significant in shedding speculative light on how pandemics might alter (or not) our socio-cultural habitus.
A Slight Increase in Reverberation Time in the Classroom Affects Performance and Behavioral Listening Effort
Authors: Prodi Nicola , Visentin Chiara 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a small change in reverberation time (from 0.57 to 0.69 s) in a classroom on children’s performance and listening effort. Aiming for ecological listening conditions, the change in reverberation time was combined with the presence or absence of classroom noise. In three academic tasks, the study examined whether the effect of reverberation was modulated by the presence of noise and depended on the children’s age.

Design:
A total of 302 children (aged 11–13 years, grades 6–8) with normal hearing participated in the study. Three typical tasks of daily classroom activities (speech perception, sentence comprehension, and mental calculation) were administered to groups of children in two listening conditions (quiet and classroom noise). The experiment was conducted inside real classrooms, where reverberation time was controlled. The outcomes considered were task accuracy and response times (RTs), the latter taken as a behavioral proxy for listening effort. Participants were also assessed on reading comprehension and math fluency. To investigate the impact of noise and/or reverberation, these two scores were entered in the statistical model to control for individual child’s general academic abilities.

Results:
While the longer reverberation time did not significantly affect accuracy or RTs under the quiet condition, it had several effects when in combination with classroom noise, depending on the task measured. A significant drop in accuracy with a longer reverberation time emerged for the speech perception task, but only for the grade 6 children. The effect on accuracy of a longer reverberation time was nonsignificant for sentence comprehension (always at ceiling), and depended on the children’s age in the mental calculation task. RTs were longer for moderate than for short reverberation times in the speech perception and sentence comprehension tasks, while there was no significant effect of the different reverberation times on RTs in the mental calculation task.

Conclusions:
The results indicate small, but statistically significant, effects of a small change in reverberation time on listening effort as well as accuracy for children aged 11 to 13 performing typical tasks of daily classroom activities. Thus, the results extend previous findings in adults to children as well. The findings also contribute to a better understanding of the practical implications and importance of optimal ranges of reverberation time in classrooms. A comparison with previous studies underscored the importance of early reflections as well as reverberation times in classrooms.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores in Pediatric Patients With Arthrogryposis
Authors: Hyer Lauren C. , Carson Lisa T. , Carpenter Ashley M. , Westberry David E. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a clinical term that is used to describe congenital contractures that lead to childhood deformities. Treatment aims are to maximize function while minimizing pain and disability. Few studies have explored patient-reported outcomes in the pediatric arthrogrypotic population, particularly concerning mobility. The aim of this study was to report scores for the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire for pediatric patients with arthrogryposis with regards to mobility, upper extremity (UE) function, pain interference, and peer relationships.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 76 patients with AMC aged 5 to 17 who completed the PROMIS questionnaire between January 1, 2017 to March 24, 2020 was performed. Results were collected for four domains: mobility, UE function, pain interference, and peer relationships. Outcomes were stratified by type of arthrogryposis: Amyoplasia (Am), Distal Arthrogryposis (DA), and Other Diagnoses (OD). Results of subjects with isolated upper or lower extremity involvement were compared with subjects with involvement of upper and/or lower extremities. Outcomes were correlated with history of surgical intervention.

Results:
Children with Am and OD demonstrated moderate impairment of mobility (average: 35.2 and 35.9, respectively), while those with DA reported only mild impairment (average: 44.9). UE function was severely impaired for children with Am (average: 23.0), moderately impaired for OD (average: 33.0), and mildly impaired for DA (average: 43.4). All patient groups reported normal ranges of pain interference, as well as good peer relationships. A moderate negative correlation between number of surgical interventions and mobility scores, and a weak negative correlation between number of surgeries and pain interference scores were found.

Conclusions:
Children with AMC experience limited mobility and UE function, but normal levels of pain interference and good peer relationships. The average values provided in this study will serve as a baseline from which to evaluate the efficacy of both nonoperative and surgical interventions.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—prognostic study; retrospective study.
Intra-operative open-lung ventilatory strategy reduces postoperative complications after laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection
Authors: Li Hong , Zheng Zhi-Nan , Zhang Nan-Rong , Guo Jing , Wang Kai , Wang Wei , Li Lin-Gui , Jin Jing , Tang Jing , Liao Yao-Jun , Jin San-Qing 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
The role of the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and lung recruitment manoeuvre (LRM) combination (termed open-lung strategy, OLS) during intra-operative mechanical ventilation is not clear.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether an open-lung strategy constituting medium PEEP (6–8 cmH2O) and repeated LRMs protects against postoperative complications in at-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection under low-tidal-volume ventilation.

DESIGN
A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

SETTING
Single university-affiliated hospital, conducted from January 2017 to October 2018.

PATIENTS
A total of 280 patients at risk of pulmonary complications, scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection under general anaesthesia and low-tidal-volume (6–8 ml kg−1 predicted body weight) ventilation.

INTERVENTION
The patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to a PEEP of 6–8 cmH2O with LRMs repeated every 30 min (OLS group) or a zero PEEP without LRMs (non-OLS group).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was a composite of major pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications occurring within 7 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes included intra-operative potentially harmful hypotension and the need for vasopressors.

RESULTS
A total of 130 patients from each group were included in the primary outcome analysis. Primary outcome events occurred in 24 patients (18.5%) in the OLS group and 43 patients (33.1%) in the non-OLS group [relative risk, 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26 to 0.82; P = 0.009). More patients in the OLS group developed potentially harmful hypotension (OLS vs. non-OLS, 15% vs. 4.3%; P = 0.004) and needed vasopressors (25% vs. 8.6%; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Among at-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection under low-tidal-volume ventilation, an open-lung strategy with a PEEP of 6–8 cmH2O and repeated LRMs reduced postoperative complications compared with a strategy using zero PEEP without LRMs. Of note, LRMs should be used with caution in patients with haemodynamic instability.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03160144.
Pharmacogenetics of interaction between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and efavirenz, rifampicin, and isoniazid during treatment of HIV and tuberculosis
Authors: Haas David W. , Mngqibisa Rosie , Francis Jose , McIlleron Helen , Robinson Jennifer A. , Kendall Michelle A. , Baker Paxton , Mawlana Sajeeda , Badal-Faesen Sharlaa , Angira Francis , Omoz-Oarhe Ayotunde , Samaneka Wadzanai P. , Denti Paolo , Cohn Susan E. ,   for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5338 Study Team
Published: August 2021

Objective
In AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5338, concomitant rifampicin, isoniazid, and efavirenz was associated with more rapid plasma medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) clearance compared to historical controls without tuberculosis or HIV therapy. We characterized the pharmacogenetics of this interaction.

Methods
In A5338, women receiving efavirenz-based HIV therapy and rifampicin plus isoniazid for tuberculosis underwent pharmacokinetic evaluations over 12 weeks following a 150-mg intramuscular injection of depot MPA. Data were interpreted with nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Associations between individual pharmacokinetic parameters and polymorphisms relevant to rifampicin, isoniazid, efavirenz, and MPA were assessed.

Results
Of 62 A5338 participants in four African countries, 44 were evaluable for pharmacokinetic associations, with 17 CYP2B6 normal, 21 intermediate, and 6 poor metabolizers, and 5 NAT2 rapid, 20 intermediate, and 19 slow acetylators. There were no associations between either CYP2B6 or NAT2 genotype and MPA C
min at week 12, apparent clearance, C
max, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) or half-life, or unexplained interindividual variability in clearance, and uptake rate constant or mean transit time of the slow-release fraction (P > 0.05 for each). In exploratory analyses, none of 28 polymorphisms in 14 genes were consistently associated with MPA pharmacokinetic parameters, and none withstood correction for multiple testing.

Conclusions
Study A5338 suggested that more frequent depot MPA dosing may be appropriate for women receiving rifampicin, isoniazid, and efavirenz. The present results suggest that knowledge of CYP2B6 metabolizer or NAT2 acetylator status does not inform individualized DMPA dosing in this setting.
The functional role of inherited CDKN2A variants in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Chunjie , Zhao Xinying , He Yingyi , Li Ziping , Qian Jiabi , Zhang Li , Ye Qian , Qiu Fei , Lian Peng , Qian Maoxiang , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Genetic alterations in CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9p21 confer a predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genome-wide association studies have identified missense variants in CDKN2A associated with the development of ALL. This study systematically evaluated the effects of CDKN2A coding variants on ALL risk.

Methods
We genotyped the CDKN2A coding region in 308 childhood ALL cases enrolled in CCCG-ALL-2015 clinical trials by Sanger Sequencing. Cell growth assay, cell cycle assay, MTT-based cell toxicity assay, and western blot were performed to assess the CDKN2A coding variants on ALL predisposition.

Results
We identified 10 novel exonic germline variants, including 6 missense mutations (p.A21V, p.G45A and p.V115L of p16INK4A; p.T31R, p.R90G, and p.R129L of p14ARF) and 1 nonsense mutation and 1 heterozygous termination codon mutation in exon 2 (p16INK4A p.S129X). Functional studies indicate that five novel variants resulted in reduced tumor suppressor activity of p16INK4A, and increased the susceptibility to the leukemic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Compared to other variants, p.H142R contributes higher sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Conclusion
These findings provide direct insight into the influence of inherited genetic variants at the CDKN2A coding region on the development of ALL and the precise clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitors.