bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Underlying the Anxiolytic Effect of Cinnamomum Camphora Chvar. Borneol Essential Oil Revealed by Network Pharmacology
Authors: Xiao Shanshan , Yu Hang , Xie Yunfei , Guo Yahui , Fan Jiajia , Yao Weirong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorder, the most common mental health issue, can cause palpitations, fear, and compulsive behavior, and can severely endanger human health. Most drugs to treat anxiety disorder can cause a variety of side effects, therefore, it is important to seek natural and safe complementary and alternative therapies.Methods: The open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), and light-dark box (LDB) tests were used to confirm the anxiolytic effect of BEO in mice. Further, we constructed a component-target-signaling pathway network and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for the regulation of anxiety by BEO through pharmacological network analyses, and performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of BEO targets, and analyzed the active components and targets of BEO through molecular docking.Results: In the OF test, BEO significantly prolonged the time spent by the mice in the central area (p < 0.05), in a dose dependent manner (r = 0.9992), and also significantly increased the number of central area entries (p < 0.01). In the EPM test, BEO significantly increased the time spent in the open arms (p < 0.01) and the number of entries into the open arms (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.9733, r = 0.9669). In the LDB tests, BEO significantly increased the light area duration (p < 0.05) and the transition number (p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.9166, r = 0.9572), thus confirming its anxiolytic effect. Network pharmacology results showed that 33 active components in BEO acted on 54 targets, mainly through modulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathways, and RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity. PPI network analysis identified 48 key proteins, including estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), androgen receptor (AR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). Molecular docking results showed that the main active components of BEO are borneol, β-caryophyllene, α-cadinol, limonene, and α- selinene, which act on the key targets CNR2, ADRA2B, and ADORA2A.Conclusion: Our results indicated that BEO has multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, thus providing a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of action of BEO as a potential anxiolytic agent.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a spatial repellent to reduce malaria incidence in children in western Kenya compared to placebo: study protocol for a cluster-randomized double-blinded control trial (the AEGIS program)
Authors: Ochomo Eric O. , Gimnig John E. , Bhattarai Achuyt , Samuels Aaron M. , Kariuki Simon , Okello George , Abong'o Bernard O. , Ouma Eunice A. , Kosgei Jackline , Munga Stephen , Njagi Kiambo , Odongo Wycliffe , Liu Fang , Achee Nicole L. , Grieco John P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Spatial repellents are widely used for prevention of mosquito bites and evidence is building on their public health value, but their efficacy against malaria incidence has never been evaluated in Africa. To address this knowledge gap, a trial to evaluate the efficacy of Mosquito Shield™, a spatial repellent incorporating transfluthrin, was developed for implementation in Busia County, western Kenya where long-lasting insecticidal net coverage is high and baseline malaria transmission is moderate to high year-round. Methods: This trial is designed as a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Sixty clusters will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive spatial repellent or placebo. A total of 6120 children aged ≥ 6 months to 10 years of age will be randomly selected from the study clusters, enrolled into an active cohort (baseline, cohort 1, and cohort 2), and sampled monthly to determine time to first infection by smear microscopy. Each cohort following the implementation of the intervention, will be split into two groups, one to estimate direct effect of the spatial repellent and the other to estimate degree of diversion of mosquitoes and malaria transmission to unprotected persons. Malaria incidence in each cohort will be estimated and compared (primary indicator) to determine benefit of using a spatial repellent in a high, year-round malaria transmission setting. Mosquitoes will be collected monthly using CDC light traps to determine if there are entomological correlates of spatial repellent efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new spatial repellents. Quarterly human landing catches will assess behavioral effects of the intervention. Discussion: Findings will serve as the first cluster-randomized controlled trial powered to detect spatial repellent efficacy to reduce malaria in sub-Saharan Africa where transmission rates are high, insecticide treated nets are widely deployed, and mosquitoes are resistant to insecticides. Results will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group for assessment of public health value towards an endorsement to recommend inclusion of spatial repellents in malaria control programs. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04766879. Registered February 23, 2021.
The Role of Gold as Haven or Diversifier Invesment in Indonesia
Authors: Nusantara Agung , Nawatmi Sri , Santosa Agus Budi , Sudiyatno Bambang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyzes gold ownership in Indonesia related to the treatment of gold whether gold is used as a haven or diversifier investment. To determine gold as a haven or diversifier investment, the research method used is the general correlation method and cross correlation. The variables used in this study are gold price variables, investment interest rates, LQ 45, exchange rates and inflation, using data from 2018.1 to 2020.10. The results show that gold in Indonesia is more of a haven than a diversifier investment. Based on expectations of gold prices for the next year, it shows that the relationship between gold prices - interest rates and gold prices - exchange rates is a strong complementarity, while the relationship between gold prices and LQ45 is a very strong substitution or diversification.
Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Novel Duck Parvovirus Vaccine for Short Beak and Dwarf Syndrome in Cherry Valley Ducks
Authors: Zhou Jiewen , Li Chuangfeng , Tang Aoxing , Li Hang , Yu Zhaorong , Chen Zongyan , Guo Xin , Liu Guangqing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Duck short beak and dwarf syndrome (SBDS) is a viral infectious disease caused by novel duck parvovirus (NDPV). It has brought serious economic losses to the Chinese duck industry in recent years. Currently, there exists no effective vaccine against this disease. In this study, we developed an inactivated virus vaccine based on NDPV-DS15 for SBDS. Immune efficacy was evaluated in 112 ducks, which were randomly divided into vaccination, challenge control, vaccination-challenge, and blank control groups (n = 28 each). Clinical characteristics, antibodies, viral excretion, viremia, and pathological changes were monitored and analyzed. No morbidity or death was observed in the immunized ducks, which showed normal weight and good mental state. High levels of serum antibodies (OD450 nm: ~0.63) were detected in ducks immunized with inactivated vaccine at 7 days post-vaccination (dpv), and the amount of virus neutralizing antibodies increased from 1:23 to 1:28.5 from 7 dpv to 42 dpv. The anal swab, serum, and tissue viral load tests showed that vaccination could significantly inhibit the replication of NDPV in immunized ducks. Moreover, NDPV could not be isolated from the spleens of immunized or vaccination-challenged ducks. Our results show that the developed inactivated NDPV vaccine, administered in an oil emulsion adjuvant, possesses good immunogenicity and represents a potentially powerful tool for SBDS prevention and control.
Analysis of Technical, Allocative And Economic Efficiency In Maize Production In Ethiopia Evidence From Low Land of Gudeya Bila : Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Tesema Tolesa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Traditionally farming system of rural area in Ethiopia is based on producing maize without oxen ploughing which is characterized with clearing land by their own land and cultivating it without oxen ploughing. Thus for many years the farmers of Ethiopia are unable to meet their food security. This situation is continued currently in the study area in which the production system of maize is based on producing advanced methods of production that need improvements of efficiency of farmers .Therefore these studies analyze economic efficiency and constraints of maize production under shifting in the low land farming of Gudeya Bila district. The study was conducted using cross-sectional data collected during the 2020/2021 production year from 154 randomly selected sample households. To estimate the level of technical, allocative and economic stochastic production frontier model was employed and Tobit model was used to identify factors affecting technical, allocative and economic efficiency of sample households.The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency were 78.78%, 69.99% and 56.66% respectively. The Tobit model results shows that education levels, family size, farm size, construction of terrace, frequency of extension contact, uses of credit, participation in off/non-farm activities and shifting cultivation had a significant positive effect on technical efficiency. Livestock holding and participation in off/nonfarm activities have positive effects and distance to plot were found to have negative effect on allocative efficiency while family size, soil conservation practice, credit, extension service, off/non-farm activities were found to have positive effect and distance to plot is negative influence on economic efficiency. The main conclusion steaming from this analysis was there is the possibility to enhance the efficiency of maize producers in the study area. Thus policies and strategies of the government should be directed towards the contraction of terrace, shifting from shifting cultivation to oxen farming, producing by fragmented of land rather than focusing only on single plot.
The Network Pharmacology Study And Molecular Docking To Investigate The Potential Mechanism of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma Against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pang Jiali , Pang Jiali , Qiu Zhi-Kun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and objective: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is considered as a progressively developing neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset that induces increased cost of social burden and decreased quality of life. Acoritataninowii Rhizoma produced the effects of resuscitating and eliminating phlegm, dispelling dampness and appetizing, refreshing mind and nourishing the mind, and exerted the activities of anti-dementia and improving learning and memory. while little was relevant to its anti-AD mechanism. The present study explored the potential mechanism of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma defend AD by network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods: The bioactive ingredients of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma were screened by absorption, distribution, metabolism as well as excretion evaluation and obtained from databases retrieval. Genes associated with AD or ingredients were searching by databases, and the overlapping genes between AD and ingredients were analyzed by the Venn diagram. Moreover, the network of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma-ingredients-targets-AD was visualized by cytoscape software. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction, gene ontology, pathway enrichment and molecular docking were conducted to evaluate potential factors of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma against AD.Results: 4 potential compounds were considered as bioactive ingredients after screening ADME. 81 ingredients-related genes and 6765 AD-related genes were screened by databases with 61 overlapping genes. The bioactive ingredients derived from Acoritataninowii Rhizoma (e.g Cycloartenol, (1R,3aS,4R,6aS)-1,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[4,3-c]furan, 8-Isopentenyl-kaempferol, kaempferol) and target proteins (e.g AKT1, JUN, ESR1, CASP3, MAPK14, RELA) with high degree in the network were associated with in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of DNA-binding transcription factor. Moreover, Acoritataninowii Rhizoma might play a significant in the treatment of AD which induced Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, Epstein-Barr virus infection, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.Conclusion: The bioactive ingredients and potential mechnism of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma defended AD was analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. This study provided a research basis and scientific evidence for supporting the activities of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma against AD.
Case Report: Monochorinic Dizygotic Twins With Chi 47,XY,+21 /46,XX In Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Shen Mengjie , Chen Hongrui , Wang Yingying , Liu Dongyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A 38-year-old woman conceived twins by in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Ultrasound examinations showed signs of monochorionic twins.Case presentation: Standard karyotyping of peripheral blood cells from the twins showed chimerism 47,XY,+21/46,XX, mainly 46,XX line. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array) analysis of buccal membrane cells from the twins showed a single cell line 46,XX in the twin girl and a single cell line 47,XY,+21 in the twin boy. Three-year follow-up after the birth showed that the twin girl had normal development, while the twin boy had Down Syndrome.Conclusion: This is the first report on monochorionic dizygotic (MCDZ) twins by IVF with normal development/Down Syndrome respectively. To evaluate prenatal diagnosis of twins, early determination of chorionic status is important, and the amniotic fluid karyotyping is preferred rather than chorion villus sampling (CVS) or cord blood. It is important to perform genetic analysis of different tissues of MCDZ twins. Future research is needed to identify the causes and long-term consequences of chimerism in twins.
Surgery for Epilepsy Involving Rolandic and Peri-Rolandic Cortex
Authors: Jiang Shize , Lang Liqing , Sun Bing , Wu Dongyan , Feng Rui , He Juanjuan , Hu Jie , Chen Liang , Mao Ying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the risk factors associated with motor deficit following surgeries involving rolandic & peri-rolandic cortex and to introduce our surgical experiences dealing with lesions in this region.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who experienced drug-refractory epilepsies and received surgeries in our hospital. Medical records were carefully studied, and patients with lesions located in the rolandic & peri-rolandic cortex were screened. Those with detailed follow-up information were included. Lesion locations, resected regions, and invasive exploration techniques were studied to assess their relationship with the postoperative motor deficit.ResultsA total of 41 patients with lesions located in the rolandic or peri-rolandic cortex were included in this study. Of all these patients, 23 (56.10%) patients suffered from a transient motor deficit and 2 (4.88%) with a permanent disability after surgery. All eight patients with the anterior bank of precentral sulcus resected experienced motor deficit, and six of them gradually recovered within half a year. Seven patients with the anterior half of precentral gyrus resected did not experience permanent disability. A total of 14 (34.15%) patients received invasive exploration, and one of them had a permanent disability.ConclusionsThe anterior bank of the central sulcus is indispensable for motor functions, and the destruction of this region would inevitably cause a motor deficit. The upper part of the central sulcus could also be removed without significant neurological impairment if there is an epileptogenic lesion.
Previous Long-Term Care Facility Admission as a Risk Factor For Scabies in a Medical Facility
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , Park Se Yoon , Lee Eunjung , Kim Tae Hyong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of study was to elucidate simple and effective risk factors for scabies infection in medical environment for early detection and prevention of exposure to other patients and medical staffs. We conducted a case-control study of patients who were diagnosed with scabies among hospitalized patients between 2008 and 2019 in an acute-care teaching hospital. Each case was matched sex and age with two randomly selected controls without scabies during hospitalization. Clinical characteristics of cases at the time of hospital admission were compared to those of control group. Scabies group included 34 patients and 68 patients were included in control group. Scabies group was admitted more via emergency department and had more history of long-term care facility admission. Scabies group had more indwelling catheters, was more in severe medical status, incommunicable, in a bed ridden condition. Scabies patients also had higher C-reactive protein and lower albumin levels. After adjustment, previous long-term care facility admission alone was associated with scabies (risk ratio 12.74, 95% confidence interval 1.42-114.31, P = 0.023). Careful examination particularly patients with previous long-term care facility admission might useful for early detection of scabies infection.
The local implications of a macrostrategy on the villagers and the environment
Authors: Salhi Adil , Benabdelouahab Sara , Mettouchi Mehdi , Bouchlouch Zakaria , Benabdelouahab Tarik , Himi Mahjoub , Vila-Subiros Josep , Ponsati Albert Casas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nature subcontracted mankind for temporary management stipulating a rigor that does not disregard the smallest details because this is where the difference between perfection and riskiness lies, which inevitably leads to disasters. It establishes binding general rules and local imperatives to be fulfilled otherwise it takes back the reins. For this reason, anthropic macrostrategies must frame their priorities and objectives according to a sustainable social-ecosystem. Here, we evaluate the environmental effect of the triggered landuse change of the metropolis-portuary-industrial park of Tangier (Strait of Gibraltar) on ecosystem services (i.e. vegetation and water) and anticipate their interactions with indigenous villagers. We established a multifactorial analysis including long-term (1985-2021) land-use dynamic assessment, 16-years pixel-based Mann-Kendall phenological trend, EPM soil erosion modelling and assessment of the total volumes of the detached soil, and an NDVI/NDWI monthly drought monitoring. Later, we compared these outcomes with a social survey with 171 households to analyze their living conditions, and their environmental perception and attitude. We have observed that anthropogenic intervention is the precursor of erosion which is likely to worsen natural weaknesses, which are already at the origin of a massive potential loss of soil estimated at 1.2 kg/m²/year. We correlated the negative phenological trend with the lane of the roads and infrastructure and we observed that severe drought episodes are long, frequent and at short intra and interannual intervals. We found a statistically significant association between the low level of education and the rural seclusion with the environmental degradation and the unavailability of water which can evoke serious risks. We anticipate the urgent need for an inclusive reform that implements a behavioral culture, encourages education, and creates social facilitation to build an upward spiral that produces better conditions and more opportunities for the rural society. Broadly, Managers should integrate scientific instructions to master the details and continuously improve macrostrategies to achieve integral and lasting success.
Non-line-of-sight imaging of moving objects obscured by a random corridor
Authors: Shi Tian , Liangsheng Li , Cai He , Zhu Xianli , Shi Qingfan , Zheng Ning 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging makes it possible to reconstruct hidden objects around corners, which is of fundamental importance in various fields. Despite recent advances, NLOS imaging has not been studied in certain typical random scenarios, such as tortuous corridors filled with random media. We dub such a category of complex environment “random corridor”, and propose a reduced spatial- and ensemble-speckle intensity correlation (RSESIC) method to image a moving object obscured by a random corridor. Experimental results show that the method can reconstruct image of a centimeter-sized hidden object with a sub-millimeter resolution by a low-cost digital camera. The imaging capability depends on three system parameters and can be characterized by the correlation fidelity (CF). Furthermore, the RSESIC method is able to recover the image of objects even for a single pixel containing the contribution of about $10^2$ speckle grains, which overcomes the theoretical limitation of traditional speckle imaging methods. Last but not least, when the power attenuation of speckle intensity leads to the serious deterioration of CF, the image of hidden objects can still be reconstructed by the corrected intensity correlation.
Incidence of Bloodstream Infections in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Santos Claudia Villatoro , Fukushima Elisa Akagi , Zhao Wei , Sharma Mamta , Youssef Dima , Spzunar Susan , Levine Miriam , Saravolatz Louis , Bhargava Ashish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of adults admitted for COVID-19 with BSIs. Data were collected by electronic medical record review. BSIs were defined as positive blood cultures (BCs) with a known pathogen in one or more BCs or the same commensal organism in two or more BCs. Results: Of 565 eligible patients, 290 (51.3%) had BCs done, with 39 (13.4%) having a positive result. In univariable analysis, male sex, black/African American race, admission from a facility, hemiplegia, altered mental status, and a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index were positively associated with a positive BC, whereas obesity and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) were negatively associated. Patients with positive BCs were more likely to have severe disease, be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), require mechanical ventilation, have septic shock, and higher mortality. In multivariable logistic regression, factors that were independent predictors of a positive BC were male sex (OR=2.75, p=0.03), hypoalbuminemia (OR=3.3, p=0.01), ICU admission (OR=5.3, p<0.0001), SBP < 100 (OR=3.7, p=0.03) and having a procedure (OR=10.5, p<0.0001). Patients with an abnormal chest x-ray on admission were less likely to have a positive BC (OR=0.25, p=0.007). Conclusions: We found that independent predictors of BSIs in COVID-19 patients included male sex, abnormal chest x-ray, hypoalbuminemia, admission to ICU, low SBP, and having a procedure during hospital stay.