bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uphill energy transfer mechanism for photosynthesis in the Antarctic alga
Authors: Kosugi Makiko , Kawasaki Masato , Shibata Yutaka , Hara Kojiro , Takaichi Shinichi , Moriya Toshio , Adachi Naruhiko , Kamei Yasuhiro , Kashino Yasuhiro , Kudoh Sakae , Koike Hiroyuki , Senda Toshiya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prasiola crispa, a major green alga in Antarctica, forms layered colonies for survival under the severe terrestrial conditions of Antarctica, which include severe cold, drought, and strong sunlight. As a result of these conditions, the surface cells of P. crispa and other Antarctic organisms face high risk of photodamage. Cells of deeper layer escape from photodamage at the sacrifice of photosynthetic active radiation except infrared. P. crispa achieves effective photosynthesis by low energy far-red light for photosystem II excitation with high efficiency similar to that of visible light. Here, we identified a far-red light-harvesting complex of photosystem II in P. crispa, Pc-frLHC, and proposed a molecular mechanism of uphill excitation energy transfer based on its cryogenic electron-microscopy structure. While Pc-frLHC is associated with photosystem II, it is evolutionarily related to the light-harvesting complex of photosystem I. Pc-frLHC forms a ring-shaped homo-undecamer in which all chlorophyll a molecules are energetically connected and contains chlorophyll a trimers. It seems that the trimers are long-wavelength-absorbing chlorophylls for far-red light at 708 nm, and further absorbance extension is accomplished by Davydov-splitting in dimeric chlorophylls. The chlorophyll network should enable a highly efficient entropy-driven uphill excitation energy transfer using far-red light up to 725 nm.
Vigilance in Iranian Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Najafi Mojgan , Ajri Mehdi , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and aim: Vigilance is an essential element in intensive care nursing. This study was conducted to determine nursing vigilance in nurses working in the intensive care units of educational and medical centers in Ardabil, IranMethods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study with 192 ICU nurses as the participants. The data were obtained through questionnaires regarding demographic characteristics and nursing vigilance. SPSS software version 24 was used for the statistical analysis.Results: The mean total vigilance score was 3.86 ± 0.23 of 5. The mean scores of the timely diagnosis of changes, pattern recognition, and clinical decision-making subscales were 4.07 ± 0.26, 04.04 ± 0.41, and 3.44 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant relationships were observed between the total or subscale vigilance scores and other demographic characteristics.Conclusion: We assessed ICU nurses’ vigilance behaviors and found that their mean vigilance score was higher than the expected average, indicating our participants had a high level of clinical vigilance. These results suggest a need for effective educational interventions to boost clinical decision-making skills in ICU nurses, especially younger nurses.
A data-based multi-algorithm system for an end-to-end intelligent manufacturing process
Authors: Gonçalves Artur Freitas , Reis João , Gonçalves Gil 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reducing defects and creating new industrial products are issues addressed in literature, though often separately. This work presents a unique approach combining machine learning and optimization techniques, which could 1) predict and explain ongoing production defects, 2) prescribe solutions to prevent predicted defects, and 3) produce defect predictors for novel products without historical data. By applying it into a melamine-surfaced boards process, task 1) explored SVM, XGBoost and Random Forest algorithms, coupled with an explainable model-agnostic approach. A Powell’s method-based meta-heuristic algorithm handled task 2), while the Hyper-Process Model (HPM) technique was selected in task 3). Defect prediction presented strong results, with a fine-tuned XGBoost with oversampling achieving over 0.8 recall value, and prescriptions significantly reduced prediction scores across most defect scenarios. Although the HPM implementation introduced challenges producing predictors, most generated synthetic data-trained models achieved encouraging performances on recall metrics. Results could serve as baseline for future developments.
Barriers to vasectomy acceptance and uptake in Nigeria: a review of the literature
Authors: Ndu Mary , Wallace Lauren J. , Nouvet Elysee , Odezugo Gertrude , Aminu Amina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is growing support of male involvement in reproductive health and the integration of voluntary vasectomy services into national family planning programs in lower resource contexts; yet, the prevalence of women of reproductive age who rely on vasectomy in African countries such as Nigeria, is less than 1 percent. We conducted this review to gain a broader understanding of current sociocultural and health systems’ conditions that need to be addressed to expand the integration and acceptability of vasectomy as an option for family planning in Nigeria. To explore this, we scoped existing literature on vasectomy in Nigeria between 2009 to 2021. Findings reveal that there is a strong awareness of vasectomy among men in Nigeria. Yet, several factors prevent men from having the same confidence in vasectomy as they have in female biomedical methods. Three significant themes emerged: 1) fear; 2) religious and cultural beliefs, which overlapped with fear; and 3) access to health providers and health facilities. These findings have implications for future family planning policies, strategies and programmes in the country.
Study On Optimization Mechanism of Thermal Recovery Efficiency Under Different Geothermal Well Layout Conditions
Authors: Gao Jun-yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Efficient exploitation of geothermal energy is a hot issue concerned by scientific and engineering circles. The layout of different injection wells and production wells directly affects the temperature field of production wells and rock mass. In order to study the thermal recovery efficiency under different geothermal well layout conditions, based on the conceptual model of two injection wells and two production wells, a 3DEC program is used to calculate and analyze the influence of the different water inlet and water inlet of two injection wells and two production wells on the temperature field of rock mass, geothermal wells and the water temperature of production wells outlet. The results show that: (1) After the model injection wells are switched with the production wells, the temperature gradients of rock mass, production wells and injection wells are almost the same in numerical value and opposite in direction. (2) Production wells are set on the left side and injection wells are set on the right side of the model, and the injection wells and production wells are set at intervals; The temperature field of rock mass on both sides of the edge forms a central symmetry; The temperature gradient of rock mass from the middle to the edge is smaller and smaller, which indicates that the heat transfer speed of rock mass from the middle to the edge is slower and slower. Because the thermal superposition of adjacent injection wells and production wells through the rock mass between them is dominant, the water temperature at the outlet of production wells is the highest; In the interval water injection well and production well, the heat convection between water flow and rock is dominant, which makes the water temperature of production well outlet drops. (3) According to the water temperature at the outlet of production well, the optimal order of the model is working condition 3 > working condition 1 = working condition 2 > working condition 4, and the time to reach a steady state is the shortest in working condition 3 and the longest in working condition 4. The research results can provide important theoretical and practical reference for optimizing the layout of geothermal wells in efficient geothermal exploitation.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA Network in Osteocyte-Like Cell Associated with Mycobacterium Leprae Infection
Authors: Gao Zheng-Rong , Liu Qiong , Zhao Jie , Zhao Ya-Qiong , Tan Li , Zhang Shao-Hui , Zhou Ying-Hui , Chen Yun , Guo Yue , Feng Yun-Zhi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bone formation and loss are the characteristic clinical manifestations of leprosy, but the mechanisms underlying the bone remodeling with Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection are unclear. Osteocytes may have a role through regulating the differentiation of osteogenic lineages. To investigate osteocyte-related mechanisms in leprosy, we treated osteocyte-like cell with N-glycosylated muramyl dipeptide (N.g MDP). RNA-seq analysis showed 724 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 724 differentially expressed circular RNA (circRNAs). Of these, we filtered through eight osteogenic-related differentially expressed genes, according to the characteristic of competing endogenous RNA, PubMed databases, and bioinformation analysis, including TargetScan, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Based on these results, we built a circRNA–microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA triple network. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blots analyses confirmed decreased Clock expression in osteocyte-like cell, while increased in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), implicating a crucial factor in osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed obviously increased expression of CLOCK protein in BMSCs and osteoblasts in N.g MDP–treated mice, but decreased expression in osteocytes. This analytical method provided a basis for the relationship between N.g MDP and remodeling in osteocytes, and the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA triple network may offer a new target for leprosy therapeutics.
3, 5-Di-tert-butylphenol Combat Against Streptococcus Mutans Via Impedes Acidogenicity, Acidurance and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Karuppiah Vijayakumar , Seralathan Muhilvannan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a common pathogen present in oral cavity and it cause dental caries for all aged group of people, in particular, children’s. S. mutans have several virulence factors such as acidogenecity, aciduricity, adhesion and biofilm formation. These virulence factors are working together and lead to initiate development of caries in tooth surface. The present study aimed to investigate the anticariogenic potential of 3, 5-Di-tert-butylphenol (3, 5-DTBP) against S. mutans. 3, 5-DTBP biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) was found at 100 µg/ml concentration without any lethal effect on the growth. Moreover, 3, 5- DTBP significantly reduced water soluble and water insoluble glucans production, in concurrence with downregulation of gtfBC genes. Moreover, acidogenicity associated virulence factors such as lactate dehydrogenase and enolase enzymatic production was arrested upon 3, 5-DTBP treatment. In addition, 3, 5-DTBP greatly reduced acidtolerance ability through impedes of F1F0-ATPase. Gene expression analysis unveiled the downregulation of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicRK, comDE, gbpB, smu0630 and relA upon 3, 5-DTBP treatment. The present study paves the way for exhibiting 3, 5-DTBP as a promising therapeutic agent to control S. mutans infections.
Prevalence of Vaginal HPV Infection Among Adolescent Girls in Jos, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Cosmas Nanma T. , Nimzing Lohya , Egah Daniel , Famooto Ayo , Adebamowo Sally N. , Adebamowo Clement A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Knowledge of the prevalence of HPV infection among adolescents is essential to determining the best age for introduction of HPV vaccine, monitoring vaccine efficacy and giving insight into determinants of persistent high-risk HPV infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer. Yet, there’s been limited studies in low-and-middle-income countries.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 205 girls, aged 9–20 years, from 10 schools. We obtained informed consent and assent, collected data and trained participants who self-collected vaginal samples using swab stick. We genotyped HPV using SPF10-DEIA/LiPA25 and analyzed data using Stata 14®.Results: The mean (SD) age of the girls was 14.9 (2.3) years. We found HPV in 13.2% of vaginal swabs. The earliest age at which anyHPV and hrHPV infections were detected was 10 and 12 years respectively. The prevalence of any HPV peaked at 16 and 17 years, hrHPV at 16 years, lrHPV at 17 and 18 years and multiple hrHPV 18 years of age. The prevalence of hrHPV infection was 1.5% among the 9–12 years age group, 2.9% among 13–16 years and 3.4% among 17–20 years old. The commonest hrHPV types detected were 52 (3.9%), 18 (1.5%) and 51 (2.4%). The most common lrHPV types was 6 (2.9%).Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV infection in these urbanized young girls in Nigeria is high and commences after 9 years of age. HPV vaccination in this population should start at 9 years of age or younger to prevent establishment of persistent HPV infection.
Policy Assistance for Adoption of Residential Solar PV in India: A Stakeholder-centric Approach for Welfare Optimization
Authors: Mohan Vivek , S Harish Ram D , Patil Ganesh , M Jisma , Unni Rohith C , K Nandakumar , Thirumala Karthik , Bu Siqi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Domestic solar PV installations in India are yet to become a valuable proposition for both the prosumers and utility because of the deficiencies in the formulation of the policy parameters. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the consumer-centric business model for rooftop solar PV installations in India. We explore areas where potential policy interventions may be introduced to improve collective stakeholder benefits and incentivize more domestic consumers to install rooftop solar panels in their premises. We propose a policy framework that seeks optimal Feed-in Tariff (FiT) rates, PV capacities and Average Billing Rates (ABRs) towards maximizing stakeholder benefits. The stakeholders considered are the consumers/prosumers and the utility.
Results
Case studies with three residential prosumers of different demand and generation profiles (extracted from data provided by Indian utilities) are presented. A multi-objective problem is formulated with the FiT, generation capacity (as a function of demand) and ABR as decision variables, exploring the various welfare trade-offs. The pareto-optimal front is identified for prosumer and utility benefits and suitable points with reasonable tradeoff are selected based on sensitivity analysis of the impact of the decision variables on collective welfare.
Conclusions
The paper provides a workflow to fix tariff, FiT and local PV capacities in active residential distribution systems. The suitability of prevailing tariff and FiT rates of three Indian utilities namely, MSEDCL, TATA POWER (Delhi) and TANGEDCO are studied, and their impact on prosumer savings and utility profits is brought out. The paper recommends optimal installation capacities for prosumers based on their load demand so as to encourage the adoption of roof-top solar without affecting collective benefits. This provides policymakers and prosumers an effective decision-making tool.
Regression Discontinuity of Blood Culture Contamination Rate After Changing of Disinfectants: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ota Koshi , Nishioka Daisuke , Ito Yuri , Hamada Emi , Mori Naomi , Nishii Tomonobu , Ota Kanna , Shibata Yuriko , Takasu Akira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Blood cultures are indispensable for detecting life-threatening bacteremia. Little is known about associations between contamination rates and topical disinfectants for blood collection in adults.Objective: We sought to determine whether a change in topical disinfectants was associated with the rates of contaminated blood cultures in the emergency department of a single institution.Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study of consecutive patients aged 20 years or older was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a university hospital in Japan between August 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020. Pairs of blood samples were collected for aerobic and anaerobic culture from the patients in the ED. Physicians selected topical disinfectants according to their personal preference before September 1, 2019; alcohol/chlorhexidine gluconate (ACHX) was mandatory thereafter, unless the patient was allergic to alcohol. Regression discontinuity analysis was used to detect the effect of the mandatory usage of ACHX on rates of contaminated blood cultures.Results: We collected 2,141 blood culture samples from 1097 patients and found 164 (7.7%) potentially contaminated blood cultures. Among these, 445 (20.8%) were true bacteremia and 1,532 (71.6%) were true negatives. Puncture site disinfection was performed with ACHX for 1,345 (62.8%) cases and with povidone-iodine (PVI) for 767 (35.8%) cases. The regression discontinuity analysis showed that mandatory ACHX usage significantly reduced the blood culture contamination rate by 9.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0%–14.2%, P <0.001).Conclusion: Rates of contaminated blood cultures were significantly lower when ACHX was used as the topical disinfectant.
Role of CD68 in Tumor Immunity and Prognosis Prediction: A Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Li Shuwang , Liu Fangkun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
CD68 plays a critical role in promoting phagocytosis. However, the function of CD68 in tumor immunity and prognosis remains unknown. This study systematically analyzed CD68 expression among 33 tumor and normal tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. In addition, the relationship between the expression of CD68 and cancer prognosis, immune infiltration, checkpoint markers, drug response were explored. Upregulated levels of CD68 were observed in various cancer types, which were verified through tumor tissue chips using Immunohistochemistry. High expression of CD68 in tumor samples correlates with an adverse prognosis in GBM, KIRC, LGG, LIHC, LUSC, THCA, and THYM while with a better prognosis in KICH. The top three negatively enriched KEGG terms in the high CD68 subgroup were chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules cams, and the top negatively enriched HALLMARK terms included complement, allograft rejection, and inflammatory response. Based on CD68 levels, a series of targeted drugs and small molecule drugs with promising therapeutic effects were predicted. The clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of high expression levels of CD68 differ across different tumor types. Inhibiting the CD68-dependent signaling could be a promising therapeutic strategy of immunotherapy in many tumor types.
Evaluation of Anti Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumonia of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aspergillus Niger in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Rasha Elsayim , Manal Alkhulaifi , Monerah AlOthman , Khalid Ibrahim , Doaa Elnagar , Alaa Khatab , Awad Manal , Mohnad Abdalla 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Currently, the mortality rate is increasing in Saudi Arabia's ICU, due to the spread of KPC. This project was carried out to evaluate the ability of the biological synthesized of zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Aspergillus niger to overcome Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (KPC) in vitro and in vivo. ZnO-NPs was synthesized via a biological method and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Zeta sizer and Zeta potential analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In vitro sensitivity of KPC to ZnO-NPs was identified using the well diffusion method, MIC and MBC was determined by macro dilution method. The morphological alteration of KPC cell after ZnO-NPs treatment was showed by SEM. In vivo susceptibility of KPC to ZnO-NPs ointment was evaluated using wound healing in experimental rats. The chemical characterization findings showed the formation, stability, shape and size of the synthesized nanoparticles. The MIC and MBC results was found in 0.7mg\ml and 1.8mg\ml respectively. in vivo results displayed the inflammation reduction and wound healing re-epithelialisation of kpc infected rats. these findings demonstrated that ZnO-NPs has great potential to be developed as antibacterial agents and wound healing.
Dynamics to Enhance the Conservation of Locally Threatened Medicinal Plant Species (Maerua Oblongifolia) Through Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Study
Authors: Ante Mathewos Agize , Woldemariam Zemede Asfaw , Duguma Sileshi Nemomissa , Alemayehu Tizazu Gebre , Alemu Mathewos Anza , Bergene Tizita Lema , Dana Mintiwab Abrham 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: For generations, many plants were extracted to find drugs and to discover novel and new chemical structures from extracts. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich, “Sangganaa” in Dawuro language is a locally threatened traditional medicinal plant, which is traditionally used to treat diarrhea. The present study aimed to check the chemical contents of the different plant parts for possible shifting of the extensive use of the root to other parts of the plant.Methods: Phytochemical screening tests were carried out by standard procedures to investigate various classes of secondary metabolites. Roots, root bark, stem bark, and leaves were extracted by maceration in aqueous and ethanol to get crude extracts. Antibacterial effect of extracts against Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, and proteins in the tested parts of the plant. Antibacterial activity displayed the extracts of M. oblongifolia against tested bacteria strains in dose dependent manner. Among tested extracts, roots and stem barks ethanol extracts showed potential antibacterial activity, with zone of inhibitions (19.0 ± 1.15, 17.0 ±1.00) in 100 mg/mL, and (17.3 ± 0.57, 15.0 ± 1.00) in 50 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The finding showed a possibility to shift stem bark instead of roots in the use of traditional medicinal practices to ensure conservation and sustainable use of Maerua oblongifolia. The finding also supports the traditional use of the plant’s root or stem bark for the treatment of diarrhea.