bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of assimilating lidar water vapour and temperature profiles with a hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter: Three‐dimensional variational analysis on the convection‐permitting scale
Authors: Thundathil Rohith , Schwitalla Thomas , Behrendt Andreas , Wulfmeyer Volker 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe discuss the analysis impact of the ensemble‐based assimilation of differential absorption lidar observed water vapour and Raman lidar observed temperature profiles into the Weather Research and Forecasting model at convection‐permitting scale. The impact of flow‐dependent background error covariance in the data assimilation (DA) system that uses the hybrid three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) was compared to 3DVAR DA. The 3DVAR‐ETKF experiment resulted in a 50% lower temperature and water vapour RMSE than the 3DVAR experiment when taking the assimilated lidar data as reference and 26% (38%) lower water vapour (temperature) RMSE when comparing against independent radiosonde observations collocated with the lidar site. The planetary boundary‐layer height of the analyses compared to independent ceilometer data provided additional evidence of improvement. The 3DVAR analysis RMSE showed 140 m, whereas 3DVAR‐ETKF showed 60 m. Although limited to a single case study, we attribute these improvements to the flow‐dependent background error covariance matrix in the 3DVAR‐ETKF approach. The vertical profile measured from a single stationary lidar system established a spatial impact with a 100 km radius. This seems to indicate future assimilation of water vapour and temperature data from an operational lidar network. The assimilation impact persisted 7 hr into the forecast time compared with the ceilometer data and 4 hr with GPS observations.
On the inclusion of cusp effects in expectation values with explicitly correlated Gaussians
Authors: Jeszenszki Péter , Ireland Robbie T. , Ferenc Dávid , Mátyus Edit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper elaborates the integral transformation technique and uses it for the case of the non‐relativistic kinetic and Coulomb potential energy operators, as well as for the relativistic mass‐velocity and Darwin terms. The techniques are tested for the ground electronic state of the helium atom and perturbative relativistic energies are reported for the ground electronic state of the molecular ion near its equilibrium structure.
Time‐varying formation control of linear multiagent systems with time delays and multiplicative noises
Authors: Jia Ruru , Zong Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates time‐varying formation control problems of linear multiagent systems with time delays and multiplicative noises under the undirected interactive topology. First, the time‐varying formation control problem under time delays and multiplicative noises is transformed into the asymptotic stability problem of a closed‐loop stochastic system. Then, sufficient conditions for formation feasibility under the unstable and stable formation centers are provided by constructing the Lyapunov functional and the Lyapunov function, respectively. For the case of an unstable formation center, we give the formation feasibility conditions and the explicit formation control design. For the case of a stable formation center, it is proved that the formation can be achieved for any given time delay and noise intensity. Finally, numerical simulations on a group of unmanned aerial vehicles are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Successive minimum spanning trees
Authors: Janson Svante , Sorkin Gregory B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a complete graphwith independent uniform(or exponential) edge weights, letbe the minimum‐weight spanning tree (MST), andthe MST after deleting the edges of all previous trees. We show that each tree's weightconverges in probability to a constant, with, and we conjecture that. The problem is distinct from Frieze and Johansson's minimum combined weightofkedge‐disjoint spanning trees; indeed,. With an edge of weightw“arriving” at time, Kruskal's algorithm defines forests, initially empty and eventually equal to, each edge added to the first possible. Using tools of inhomogeneous random graphs we obtain structural results including that the fraction of vertices in the largest component ofconverges to some. We conjecture that the functionstend to time translations of a single function.
Redox‐Amphoteric 4,4’‐Dicyclopropyldiphenylnitroxyl Radical: Unexpectedly High Stability
Authors: Dulov Dmitry , Levitskiy Oleg , Bogdanov Alexey , Magdesieva Tatiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtom‐economy cyclopropyl group turned out to be the substituent of choice for stabilization of diphenylnitroxyl radical in solution (τ1/2=1280 h, i. e., ca. 2 months, in benzene). Though the benzylic H‐atom commonly provokes fast decomposition of nitroxides in solution and the cyclopropyl moiety is prone to the ring opening in substrates with significant spin density at the α‐position, both processes are not implemented in 4,4’‐dicyclopropyldiphenylnitroxide. Instead, the stereoelectronic properties of the cyclopropyl group lead to significant stabilization of the oxidized and reduced states of the nitroxide, making it redox‐amphoteric and suitable for practical application.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Ammonia‐Based Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: An Guoliang , Xia Xiaoxiao , Wu Shaofei , Liu Zhilu , Wang Liwei , Li Song 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, the application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in thermal energy storage has attracted increasing research interests. MOF‐ammonia working pairs have been proposed for controlling/sensing the air quality, while no work has yet been reported on the immense potential of MOFs for thermal energy storage up till now. Herein, the feasibility of thermal energy storage using seven MOF‐ammonia working pairs is experimentally assessed. From ammonia sorption stability and sorption thermodynamics results, it is found that MIL‐101(Cr) exhibits both high ammonia sorption stability and the largest sorption capacity of ≈0.76 g g−1. Compared with MIL‐101(Cr)‐water working pair, MIL‐101(Cr)‐ammonia working pair improves the sorption capacity by over three times with evaporation temperature lower than 8.4 °C. Due to stable ammonia sorption stability and negligible hysteresis, MIL‐101(Cr) and ZIF‐8(Zn) are tested at condensation/evaporation temperature of 30 °C/10 °C. The thermal energy storage density (reaching over 1200 kJ kg−1) and coefficient of performance of MIL‐101(Cr)‐based system are both higher than ZIF‐8(Zn)‐based one due to larger average isosteric enthalpy and cycle sorption capacity. This experimental work paves the way for developing the high efficient and stable thermal energy storage system with MOF‐ammonia working pairs especially for critical conditions with low evaporation temperature and high condensation temperature.
Pathway‐Selection for Programmable Assembly of Genetically Encoded Amphiphiles by Thermal Processing
Authors: Khodaverdi Masoumeh , Hossain Md Shahadat , Zhang Zhe , Martino Robert P. , Nehls Connor W. , Mozhdehi Davoud 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEngineering the fate of supramolecular assemblies by heat treatment (i. e., using thermal preparative pathways) remains challenging and a largely ad hoc process. The rational design of such trajectories requires precise manipulation of the strength of molecularly encrypted interactions along an assembly path defined by changes in free energy as a function of temperature. Here, we use temperature‐triggered liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins to program the nano‐ and mesoscale assembly of a genetically encoded amphiphile – a post‐translationally lipidated protein – along user‐defined thermal trajectories. This molecularly defined pathway was used to funnel thermal energy into the system to direct building blocks to a previously inaccessible region of the energy landscape, and to synthesize two‐dimensional nanomaterials with sophisticated structures, such as braids and toroids. Because proteins’ phase boundaries and transition are programmable at the sequence‐level, our strategy opens new horizons to expand the structural hierarchy and functional landscape of protein‐based materials.
Optimal design of 3D special steel buckling‐restrained braced structures
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Mahdipour Moghanni Roya , Javadi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn the current study, the optimal design of 3D frames equipped with buckling restrained braces is presented. The objective function in the optimization problem is considered as weight minimization subjected to serviceability and strength requirements. Three different metaheuristic algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm, and Discrete Firefly Algorithm (DFA) are utalized to solve the optimization problem. Response spectrum analysis is considered to examine the performance of the structures during the optimization process under applied loads. Two real‐size steel structures with buckling restrained braces are selected to perform optimal design. The results demonstrate that the TLBO algorithm has better performance in discrete structural optimization.
The Latin name for Assam tea revisited and the further nomenclatural significance of the three editions of Julius Bosse's Vollständiges Handbuch der Blumengärtnerei – and contemporary compendia
Authors: Mabberley David J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo early validly published names for Assam tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica “(Choisy) Kitam.)”) are identified: Thea assamica Royle ex Hook. 1847 and T. assamica Hort. Belg. ex Bosse 1854; an amended synonymy and a neotypification (with D.‐W. Zhao) for the name of Assam tea, C. sinensis var. assamica (Hook.) Steenis, are provided. The three editions (1829–1861) of Bosse's Vollständiges Handbuch der Blumengärtnerei are also the neglected places of publication of some plant‐names (or their basionyms) in current use; Grevillea lawrenceana Bosse (neotype designated here by P.M. Olde) is an earlier name for G. curviloba McGill. (Proteaceae); Hedera algeriensis (Araliaceae), the name used by Bosse for a now much‐cultivated ivy, was first published by Morren in 1853; an early valid, available name for the florist's cineraria (Senecio hybridus Bosse) is Cineraria ×kewensis Rob. (Compositae), here neotypified (with D.J.N. Hind); the basionym for the well‐known garden plant‐name, “Erysimum ×kewense” (Cruciferae) is identified and neotypified (with D.J.N. Hind), the accepted binomial validated. The currently accepted name for commercial fustic, Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae), was first validly published in Loudon's Hortus Britannicus (1830).
Double parton distributions in the nucleon from lattice QCD
Authors: Bali Gunnar S. , Diehl Markus , Gläßle Benjamin , Schäfer Andreas , Zimmermann Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We evaluate nucleon four-point functions in the framework of lattice QCD in order to extract the first Mellin moment of double parton distributions (DPDs) in the unpolarized proton. In this first study, we employ an nf = 2+1 ensemble with pseudoscalar masses of mπ = 355 MeV and mK = 441 MeV. The results are converted to the scale μ = 2 GeV. Our calculation includes all Wick contractions, and for almost all of them a good statistical signal is obtained. We analyze the dependence of the DPD Mellin moments on the quark flavor and the quark polarization. Furthermore, the validity of frequently used factorization assumptions is investigated.
Twist-2 relation and sum rule for tensor-polarized parton distribution functions of spin-1 hadrons
Authors: Kumano S. , Song Qin-Tao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sum rules for structure functions and their twist-2 relations have important roles in constraining their magnitudes and x dependencies and in studying higher-twist effects. The Wandzura-Wilczek (WW) relation and the Burkhardt-Cottingham (BC) sum rule are such examples for the polarized structure functions g1 and g2. Recently, new twist-3 and twist-4 parton distribution functions were proposed for spin-1 hadrons, so that it became possible to investigate spin-1 structure functions including higher-twist ones. We show in this work that an analogous twist-2 relation and a sum rule exist for the tensor-polarized parton distribution functions f1LL and fLT, where f1LL is a twist-2 function and fLT is a twist-3 one. Namely, the twist-2 part of fLT is expressed by an integral of f1LL (or b1) and the integral of the function f2LT = (2/3)fLT− f1LL over x vanishes. If the parton-model sum rule for f1LL (b1) is applied by assuming vanishing tensor-polarized antiquark distributions, another sum rule also exists for fLT itself. These relations should be valuable for studying tensor-polarized distribution functions of spin-1 hadrons and for separating twist-2 components from higher-twist terms, as the WW relation and BC sum rule have been used for investigating x dependence and higher-twist effects in g2. In deriving these relations, we indicate that four twist-3 multiparton distribution functions FLT, GLT, $$ {H}_{LL}^{\perp } $$

H
LL
⊥

, and HTT exist for tensor-polarized spin-1 hadrons. These multiparton distribution functions are also interesting to probe multiparton correlations in spin-1 hadrons. In the near future, we expect that physics of spin-1 hadrons will become a popular topic, since there are experimental projects to investigate spin structure of the spin-1 deuteron at the Jefferson Laboratory, the Fermilab, the nuclotron-based ion collider facility, the electron-ion colliders in US and China in 2020’s and 2030’s.
Performance of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma Following Resuscitative Thoracotomy for Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ghafil Cameron , Matsushima Kazuhide , Guzman Ruben , Owattanapanich Natthida , Reitz Marianne Marchini , Garapati Hemanth , Nwokedi Josephine O. , Inaba Kenji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients undergoing resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) for traumatic cardiac arrest, focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) is often used to look for intraperitoneal fluid. These findings can help determine whether abdominal exploration is warranted once return of spontaneous circulation is achieved; however, the diagnostic accuracy of FAST in this clinical scenario has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of FAST in identifying intra‐abdominal hemorrhage following RT.MethodsWe performed a 3‐year retrospective study at a high‐volume level 1 trauma center from 2014 to 2016. We included patients who underwent RT in the Emergency Department. All FAST examinations were performed by non‐radiologists. Operative findings, computed tomography reports, diagnostic peritoneal aspirate (DPA) results, and autopsy findings were used as reference standards to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of the FAST.ResultsA total of 158 patients met our inclusion criteria. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23–53), 86.1% were male, and 60.1% sustained blunt trauma. Most patients suffered severe injuries with a median injury severity score of 27 (IQR: 18–38). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of FAST for identifying intra‐abdominal hemorrhage were 66.0%, 84.8%, 68.6%, 83.2%, and 78.5%, respectively. Among the 107 patients with a negative FAST, 22 (20.6%) underwent DPA, which was positive in 5 patients.ConclusionsFAST can be utilized in the diagnostic workup of trauma patients after RT. In patients with a positive FAST, exploratory laparotomy is warranted, whereas other diagnostic adjuncts such as DPA or mandatory abdominal exploration may be considered in patients with a negative FAST.
An evaluation of the provision of oncology rehabilitation services via telemedicine using a participatory design approach
Authors: Brady Grainne , Ashforth Kate , Cowan-Dickie Siobhan , Dewhurst Sarah , Harris Natalie , Monteiro Alline , Sandsund Catherine , Roe Justin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally impacted the delivery of healthcare services globally. In line with UK government guidelines on social distancing, the use of telemedicine was implemented to facilitate the ongoing provision of cancer rehabilitation.

Purpose
We sought to evaluate and co-design telemedicine services to meet the complex needs of our patients and carers at a tertiary cancer centre.

Methods
Experience-based co-design methodology was adapted to include virtual methods. Staff members (n = 12) and patients (n = 11) who had delivered or received therapies services at our UK cancer centre since March 2020 were recruited to take part in one-to-one virtual interviews. Patient interviews were video recorded, analysed and edited to a 30-min “trigger film”. Patient and staff virtual events were undertaken thereafter. A joint virtual patient and staff event occurred. Staff and patients watched the trigger film and as partners, agreed areas for change and developed groups for service co-design.

Results
Positive aspects regarding telemedicine provision were highlighted including reduced financial and time burden on patients, and increased flexibility for both staff and patients. The key concerns included digital exclusion, safety, communication and patient choice. Four co-design groups have been established to enact changes in these priority areas.

Conclusion
Using a participatory design approach, we have worked in partnership with patients and staff to ensure the safe, acceptable and effective delivery of rehabilitation services with integrated telemedicine.
Hydro-geomechanical characterisation of a coastal urban aquifer using multiscalar time and frequency domain groundwater-level responses
Authors: Patton Ashley M. , Rau Gabriel C. , Cleall Peter J. , Cuthbert Mark O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydraulic properties of coastal, urban aquifers vary spatially and temporally with the complex dynamics of their hydrogeology and the heterogeneity of ocean-influenced hydraulic processes. Traditional aquifer characterisation methods are expensive, time-consuming and represent a snapshot in time. Tidal subsurface analysis (TSA) can passively characterise subsurface processes and establish hydro-geomechanical properties from groundwater head time-series but is typically applied to individual wells inland. Presented here, TSA is applied to a network of 116 groundwater boreholes to spatially characterise confinement and specific storage across a coastal aquifer at city-scale in Cardiff (UK) using a 23-year high-frequency time-series dataset. The dataset comprises Earth, atmospheric and oceanic signals, with the analysis conducted in the time domain, by calculating barometric response functions (BRFs), and in the frequency domain (TSA). By examining the damping and attenuation of groundwater response to ocean tides (OT) with distance from the coast/rivers, a multi-borehole comparison of TSA with BRF shows this combination of analyses facilitates disentangling the influence of tidal signals and estimation of spatially distributed aquifer properties for non-OT-influenced boreholes. The time-series analysed covers a period pre- and post-impoundment of Cardiff’s rivers by a barrage, revealing the consequent reduction in subsurface OT signal propagation post-construction. The results indicate that a much higher degree of confined conditions exist across the aquifer than previously thought (specific storage = 2.3 × 10−6 to 7.9 × 10−5 m−1), with implications for understanding aquifer recharge, and informing the best strategies for utilising groundwater and shallow geothermal resources.
Student-faculty interactions within a physiotherapy curriculum in South Africa
Authors: Ramklass Serela S. , Vithal Renuka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInteractions between faculty and students in higher education has the potential to influence and shape many aspects of teaching, learning, curricula, student experiences and performance, yet has received little attention as an area of study. This study investigates student-faculty interactions within a physiotherapy curriculum from the perspectives of students, faculty and physiotherapy managers at a South African university. The data, produced through multiple methods, derive from students, faculty and physiotherapy managers underpinned by critical-feminist perspectives. Thematic analysis of the data produced four themes. Two dominant threads emerging from the analysis as characterising student-faculty relationships are the deeply hierarchical relations of power characterised by a lack of caring and concern for students, and the exclusion of wider constructs for interaction; deriving from a particular entrenched medical model. Ironically, while caring relationships with patients are overtly advocated and developed, they appear to be largely absent in the same physiotherapy curriculum spaces in the relationships between faculty and students. These findings raise questions about how the most foundational attribute of a health science professional, that of caring, is being produced through the curriculum in the relationship between faculty and students in the health sciences.
The D-CTC Condition is Generically Fulfilled in Classical (Non-quantum) Statistical Systems
Authors: Tolksdorf Jürgen , Verch Rainer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe D-CTC condition, introduced by David Deutsch as a condition to be fulfilled by analogues for processes of quantum systems in the presence of closed timelike curves, is investigated for classical statistical (non-quantum) bi-partite systems. It is shown that the D-CTC condition can generically be fulfilled in classical statistical systems, under very general, model-independent conditions. The central property used is the convexity and completeness of the state space that allows it to generalize Deutsch’s original proof for q-bit systems to more general classes of statistically described systems. The results demonstrate that the D-CTC condition, or the conditions under which it can be fulfilled, is not characteristic of, or dependent on, the quantum nature of a bi-partite system.
A Qualitative Study on Children’s Digital Media Use and Parents’ Self-interest
Authors: Geurts Suzanne M. , Koning Ina M. , Vossen Helen , Van den Eijnden Regina J.J.M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study provides insight into the role of parents’ self-interest in digital media use of children in different age groups. We conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with fathers/mothers of children aged 3–16 years who were recruited via targeted sampling. A deductive and inductive content analysis was applied. Results show that parents’ self-interest in letting children use digital media includes being able to do other tasks without being bothered, having some me-time, managing children’s behavior, avoiding discussions, having moments to use digital media themselves and spending quality-time together. In addition, we found that the manner in which parents let children use digital media out of self-interest seems to depend on age. With younger children, parents initiate digital media use or set times at which children are allowed to use digital media. With older children, parents use a passive manner by omitting restrictive responses to their children’s media use. Current findings can be used to inform interventions aimed at reducing children’s screen time.