bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyvinylсhloride‐based anion exchanger for efficient removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bekchanov Davron , Mukhamediev Mukhtar , Lieberzeit Peter , Babojonova Gulbakhor , Botirov Sunnat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemical modification of plasticized polyvinylchloride with polyethylenepolyamine leads to anion exchange resin (PPE‐1). Different characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM of PPE‐1 anion exchanger revealed weak base amino groups as well as macroporous structure morphology. PPE‐1 turned out effective to remove hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous media. Corresponding adsorption kinetics best fit the pseudo‐second order model that followed a Freundlich isotherm. In the case of hexavalent chromium ions, the maximum adsorption capacity of PPE‐1 was 218.4 mg/g. Thermodynamic data revealed spontaneous endothermic processes and a chemisorption reaction. In addition, results show that the anion exchanger (PPE‐1) has 98% for removing hexavalent chromium ions containing from wastewater.
Prenatal prediction of fetal Rh C, c and E status by amplification of maternal cfDNA and deep sequencing
Authors: Rieneck Klaus , Clausen Frederik Banch , Bergholt Thomas , Nørgaard Lone Nikoline , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Rh blood group system has considerable clinical importance. The C, c, and E antigens are targets of alloantibodies. Anti‐C, anti‐c or anti‐E alloreactive antibodies produced in pregnant women can cause anemia of a fetus carrying the corresponding antigens.AimsBased on NGS technology, we have developed a noninvasive diagnostic assay to predict the fetal blood group of C, c or E antigens by sequencing cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) during pregnancy.Materials and methodsThe SNVs underlying either the C, c or E antigens were PCR amplified and sequenced using NGS on a MiSeq instrument. The DNA sequences encoding the C, c or E antigen were counted, as were the number of total sequences. Based on the percentage of fetally derived target SNVs inherited from the father, the fetal blood group could be predicted.ResultsThe results of 55 consecutive RHCE prenatal analyses with postnatal serological blood group determination of 30 newborns showed no discordant results. A threshold discerning positive from negative samples was set at 0.05% specific reads.DiscussionNoninvasive, prenatal prediction of fetal blood groups by sequencing cfDNA for the detection of low‐level RHCE*C, RHCE*c and RHCE*E sequences was established as an accurate and robust assay applicable for use in clinical settings.
Updated sustainability status of crystalline silicon‐based photovoltaic systems: Life‐cycle energy and environmental impact reduction trends
Authors: Fthenakis Vasilis , Leccisi Enrica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the current life‐cycle sustainability status of crystalline‐based photovoltaic (PV) systems. Specifically, single‐crystalline Si (sc‐Si) and multicrystalline Si (mc‐Si) PV systems are analyzed in terms of their environmental and energy performance, providing breakdown contributions and comparisons with estimates published 6 years ago. Results clearly show the significant environmental improvement in the sc‐Si PV system production—mainly at the wafer stage—for which the impacts have been reduced by up to 50% in terms of carbon emissions and 42% in terms of acid gas emissions. The life‐cycle cumulative energy demand is estimated to be approximately 48% lower (for sc‐Si) and 24% lower (for mc‐Si) than previously reported estimates. Energy payback times of currently installed systems range from 1.3 (for c‐Si PV) and 1.5 years (mc‐Si PV) for fixed‐tilt ground‐mounted installations at low irradiation (1000 kWh/m2/year), to 0.6 years at high irradiation (2300 kWh/m2/year). The resulting energy returns on investment—expressed in terms of primary energy—range from 22 (at low irradiation) to 52 (at high irradiation) for sc‐Si PV systems and from 21 to 47 for mc‐Si PV systems. Furthermore, we examine the effects of cleaner electricity grids and grid efficiency improvements on these environmental and energy indicators.
On the transition of reaction pathway during microwave plasma gas‐phase synthesis of graphene nanosheets: From amorphous to highly crystalline structure
Authors: Toman Jozef , Jašek Ondřej , Šnírer Miroslav , Pavliňák David , Navrátil Zdeněk , Jurmanová Jana , Chudják Stanislav , Krčma František , Kudrle Vít , Michalička Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and proton‐transfer‐reaction–mass spectrometry are used in a complementary way to study gas‐phase processes during decomposition of ethanol in a microwave plasma torch. Decomposition products (C, C2 and simple hydrocarbons) reassemble into higher hydrocarbons and graphene nuclei and further grow into graphene nanosheets (GNS). Depending on microwave power, ethanol flow rate and molecular gas admixture, the material structure changes from amorphous to crystalline. The presence of C2n + 1H
y
species was found to be responsible for the formation of defects in the GNS structure. O2 and H2 admixtures change the gas temperature axial profile and consequently modify reaction pathways influencing growth and production rate of GNS. Determination of reaction pathway selectivity enables us to predict whether high‐quality or defective GNS are produced.
Monoprotonated Dimethyl Sulfoxide, [HOSMe2]+: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of [HOSMe2]2[OsCl6] ⋅ 2H2O
Authors: Rudnitskaya Olga V. , Tereshina Tatiana A. , Dobrokhotova Ekaterina V. , Kultyshkina Ekaterina K. , Novikov Alexander S. , Tskhovrebov Alexander G. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Khrustalev Victor N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComplex [H(dmso)]2[OsIVCl6] ⋅ 2H2O (1) was synthesized by refluxing of [H(dmso)2]2[OsCl6] in concentrated HCl and characterized by the IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and X‐ray powder and single‐crystal diffraction studies. In this complex, rare highly electrophilic [Me2S=O⋅⋅⋅H]+ cation is stabilized by multiple chalcogen bonds including bifurcated S⋅⋅⋅(Cl)3 and S⋅⋅⋅Cl non‐covalent interactions. DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the formalism of Bader's theory (QTAIM method) support the presence of intermolecular non‐covalent interactions S⋅⋅⋅Cl and O⋅⋅⋅Cl in the solid state.
A Dicyanocarbazolylstilbene‐Derived Two‐Photon Fluorescence Probe for Lipid Raft with a Large Two‐Photon Action Cross Section
Authors: Huang Chibao , Kang Shuai , Pan Qi , Lv Guoling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLipid raft is a microdomain which is rich in cholesterol and sphingolipid in the cytoplasmic membrane, and closely related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and prion disease. Hence the study on the physiological mechanism of lipid raft is helpful to reveal its biological role and its correlations with diseases. Two‐photon fluorescence probe for lipid raft is a sharp tool to achieve this goal. A dicyanocarbazolylstilbene‐derived two‐photon fluorescence probe for lipid raft (DLR) with a large two‐photon action cross section (Φδ) was developed. DLR belongs to push‐pull electronic architecture (Donor‐Bridge‐Receptor, D‐π‐A), and its maximum emission wavelength increased with medium polarity while its fluorescence intensity (FI) augmented with viscosity, and FI in DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) was 20 times higher than that in DOPC (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine). Its fluorescence lifetime in DPPC was more than 2.2 times longer than that in DOPC. These indicates that DLR can distinguish DPPC from DOPC. Φδs of DLR in DPPC and DOPC were 1350 GM and 67 GM, respectively. DLR can image lipid raft distribution in cells and tissues.
Attending to the Interactional Histories Behind Multilingual Writers’ Texts: New Directions in TESOL Teacher Education
Authors: Kibler Amanda K. , Andrei Elena , Salerno April S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite research attention to varied and nuanced social processes through which linguistically minoritized multilingual students create texts, writing instruction and assessment in schools continue to be dominated by a focus on students’ written products. Even formative assessment– arguably one of teachers’ most powerful tools in designing responsive instruction – tends to focus on careful analysis of students’ writing rather than the processes through which texts are created, or the rich histories of participation in previous literacy events that students bring to any such event. In this contribution, we answer Rose's (2019) call for a bidirectional flow between teachers and researchers by describing a multi‐layered inquiry we undertook, studying our teacher education practices as we asked in‐service teachers to undertake their own inquiry into students' writing. We describe our experiences adapting a methodological protocol for the observational study of multilingual writers for purposes of teacher education. Specifically, we reflect on our work engaging a set of in‐service teachers taking a graduate‐level TESOL course in conducting “interactional histories” analyses (Kibler, 2019). Through examples of in‐service teachers’ observations and their suggestions for future writing instruction, and our own reflections on the affordances and constraints of our approach, we explore the roles that interactional histories inquiry can play in teacher education. In particular, we describe its potential to help teachers build nuanced understandings of linguistically minoritized multilingual students’ development of writing expertise and identities, and teachers’ complex roles in this process.
The time is now for ubiquitous forensicmtMPSanalysis
Authors: Canale Lauren C. , Parson Walther , Holland Mitchell M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence analysis is useful for assessing ancestral origin and migration, identifying human remains, and examining evidentiary material in forensic casework. Conventional Sanger‐type sequencing (STS) has been used for more than three decades to address these interests. This paper reviews the methodologies and merits of using a massively parallel sequencing (MPS) approach for mtDNA testing in forensic laboratories, asThe Time is Now for Ubiquitous Forensic mtMPS Analysis.This article is categorized under:Forensic Biology > Haploid MarkersForensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Towards understanding the effect of humidity on the degradation of pyrotechnic compositions through spectroscopic data combined with chemometric methods
Authors: Bekhouche Slimane , Trache Djalal , Abdelaziz Amir , Chelouche Salim , Fouzi Tarchoun Ahmed , Boudjellal Ammar , Mezroua Abderrahmane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the current study, two pyrotechnic compositions (tracer and igniter) containing magnesium and phenolic resin have been subjected to moisture‐induced aging at 85 % relative humidity to gain better understanding of environmental needs for their long‐storage. Non‐destructive analytical methods have been explored to investigate the effect of aging at a prolonged duration on pyrotechnics properties and their thermal behavior. The degradation of these pyrotechnic compositions during aging has been assessed using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy. It is revealed that some physical changes such as the appearance of micro‐cracks on the particle surfaces and chemical modifications such as the formation of magnesium hydroxide and nitrite‐based compounds occurred during aging. These changes affect the thermal stability of these pyrotechnic compositions as found by thermogravimetric analyses, which may increase the risk of a misfire. Moreover, the FTIR and Raman spectroscopic data were coupled with two different qualitative multivariate analysis techniques, i. e., hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) for the classification and discrimination of the spectra of the aged specimens. The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of the adopted methodologies to easily elucidate the structural and compositional modifications that may happen within the pyrotechnic compositions during moisture‐induced aging.
Mass and spin for classical strings in dS3
Authors: Parmentier Klaas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that all rigidly rotating strings with center of mass at the origin of the dS3 static patch satisfy the Higuchi bound. This extends the observation of Noumi et al. for the open GKP-like string to all solutions of the Larsen-Sanchez class. We argue that strings violating the bound end up expanding towards the horizon and provide a numerical example. Adding point masses to the open string only increases the mass/spin ratio. For segmented strings, we write the conserved quantities, invariant under Gubser’s algebraic evolution equation, in terms of discrete lightcone coordinates describing kink collisions. Randomly generated strings are found to have a tendency to escape through the horizon that is mostly determined by their energy. For rapidly rotating segmented strings with mass/spin < 1, the kink collisions eventually become causally disconnected. Finally we consider the scenario of cosmic strings captured by a black hole in dS and find that horizon friction can make the strings longer.
Higher-order corrections for tW production at high-energy hadron colliders
Authors: Kidonakis Nikolaos , Yamanaka Nodoka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We discuss cross sections for tW production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC and at higher-energy colliders with energies of up to 100 TeV. We find that, remarkably, the soft-gluon corrections are numerically dominant even at very high collider energies. We present results with soft-gluon corrections at approximate NNLO and approximate N3LO matched to complete NLO results. These higher-order corrections are large and need to be included for better theoretical accuracy and smaller scale dependence. Total cross sections as well as top-quark and W-boson transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions are presented using various recent sets of parton distribution functions.
Chiral gravitational effect in time-dependent backgrounds
Authors: Kamada Kohei , Kume Jun’ya , Yamada Yusuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gravitational counterpart of the chiral magnetic effect, which is referred as the chiral gravitational effect, can also be of interest in a cosmological setup. In this study, we investigate this effect in the time-dependent chiral asymmetric fermion background and in the expanding spacetime by formulating the effective action of gravitational waves. We also analyze the anomaly equation to see how the backreaction from gravitational waves to thermal chiral plasma occurs. We find that the non-trivial time dependence of chiral chemical potential, which can be induced in some scenarios of baryogenesis, is the key ingredient of the chiral gravitational effect. It turns out that the “memory” of the effect is imprinted on the high frequency gravitational waves propagating in the plasma. Cosmological implications and potential effects on the gravitational wave observation are briefly discussed.
Perturbative linearization of super-Yang-Mills theories in general gauges
Authors: Malcha Hannes , Nicolai Hermann 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories can be characterized by a non-local and non-linear transformation of the bosonic fields (Nicolai map) mapping the interacting functional measure to that of a free theory, such that the Jacobi determinant of the transformation equals the product of the fermionic determinants obtained by integrating out the gauginos and ghosts at least on the gauge hypersurface. While this transformation has been known so far only for the Landau gauge and to third order in the Yang-Mills coupling, we here extend the construction to a large class of (possibly non-linear and non-local) gauges, and exhibit the conditions for all statements to remain valid off the gauge hypersurface. Finally, we present explicit results to second order in the axial gauge and to fourth order in the Landau gauge.
Robotische Hernienchirurgie I
Authors: Ramser Michaela , Baur Johannes , Keller Nicola , Kukleta Jan F. , Dörfer Jörg , Wiegering Armin , Eisner Lukas , Dietz Ulrich A. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgung von Leistenhernien mit offenen und minimal-invasiven Verfahren hat in den vergangenen 30 Jahren einen vom Ergebnis her gesehen hohen Standard erreicht. Allerdings besteht noch Bedarf an einer weiteren Reduktion der postoperativen Serome, chronischen Schmerzen und des Rezidivs. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die endoskopische Anatomie der Leiste im Hinblick auf die robotische transabdominelle präperitoneale Patchplastik (r‑TAPP) dargestellt und die Operationsschritte der r‑TAPP als Video illustriert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 302 konsekutiven Hernien, die mittels r‑TAPP operiert wurden, vorgestellt und hinsichtlich des Mehrwerts der robotischen Technik – auch in der Weiterbildung – diskutiert. Die r‑TAPP ist die natürliche Weiterentwicklung der konventionellen TAPP und hat das Potenzial, bei zunehmender Geräteverfügbarkeit und Reduktion der Materialkosten zu einem neuen Standard zu werden. Künftige Studien werden den vielseitigen Mehrwert der r‑TAPP auch mit neuen Parametern verfeinern müssen.
A unified phase-field model of fracture in viscoelastic materials
Authors: Dammaß Franz , Ambati Marreddy , Kästner Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe phase-field approach has proven to be a powerful tool for the prediction of crack phenomena. When it is applied to inelastic materials, it is crucial to adequately account for the coupling between dissipative mechanisms present in the bulk and fracture. In this contribution, we propose a unified phase-field model for fracture of viscoelastic materials. The formulation is characterized by the pseudo-energy functional which consists of free energy and dissipation due to fracture. The free energy includes a contribution which is related to viscous dissipation that plays an essential role in coupling the phase-field and the viscous internal variables. The governing equations for the phase-field and the viscous internal variables are deduced in a consistent thermodynamic manner from the pseudo-energy functional. The resulting model establishes a two-way coupling between crack phase-field and relaxation mechanisms, i.e. viscous internal variables explicitly enter the evolution of phase-field and vice versa. Depending on the specific choice of the model parameters, it has flexibility in capturing the possible coupled responses, and the approaches of recently published formulations are obtained as limiting cases. By means of a numerical study of monotonically increasing load, creep and relaxation phenomena, rate-dependency of failure in viscoelastic materials is analysed and modelling assumptions of the present formulation are discussed.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in liver inflammation
Authors: Carambia Antonella , Schuran Fenja Amrei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ubiquitously expressed ligand-activated transcription factor with multifaceted physiological functions. In the immune system, AHR has been unequivocally identified as a key regulatory factor that can integrate environmental, dietary, or microbial signals into innate and adaptive immune responses. Correspondingly, AHR activity seems to be most important at barrier organs, such as the gut, skin, and lung. The liver is likewise prominently exposed to gut-derived dietary or microbial AHR ligands and, moreover, generates plenty of AHR ligands itself. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the role of AHR in the regulation of hepatic immune responses, which are normally biased towards tolerance, preventing harmful inflammation in response to innocuous stimuli. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of AHR in hepatic immune responses in the healthy liver as well as in inflammatory liver disease. Moreover, we discuss AHR as a potential therapeutic target in hepatic disorders, including autoimmune liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer.
Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der optischen Kohärenztomographie beim trockenen Auge
Authors: Schlatter Andreas , Hirn Cornelia , Palkovits Stefan , Werkmeister René M. , Findl Oliver , Garhöfer Gerhard , Schmidl Doreen 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die stetige Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung der Technik hat die optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) in den letzten Jahren neue Möglichkeiten zur Beurteilung der Strukturen des vorderen Augenabschnittes eröffnet. Aufgrund der Darstellung kleinster Strukturen, wie beispielsweise des Tränenfilms, nimmt die OCT in der Diagnostik und Verlaufsbeurteilung des trockenen Auges eine immer wichtigere Rolle ein. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die derzeitigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der OCT beim trockenen Auge.
Can transfer type and implant angulation affect impression accuracy? A 3D in vitro evaluation
Authors: Farronato Davide , Pasini Pietro Mario , Campana Veronica , Lops Diego , Azzi Lorenzo , Manfredini Mattia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImpression accuracy is fundamental to achieve a passive fit between implants and the superstructure. Three transfer types were tested to evaluate the differences in impression accuracy and their efficiency in case of different implant angles. A master model with four implant analogues placed at 0°, 15° and 35° was used. 27 impressions were taken with three different types of impression coping: closed tray technique coping (CT), open tray technique coping (COT) and telescopic open tray coping (TOT). The impressions were poured. Analogues were matched with scan bodies to be scanned and exported in STL. An implant bar was designed from each STL and another one from the master model. A comparison between these bars was obtained. Linear and angular measurements for every type of coping were calculated for different angulations. The collected data were analyzed with ANOVA test (95% of confidence). Student’s t test showed a significative discrepancy (p ≤ 0.001) on linear and angular measurements on Δx, Δy, Δz with different transfer types as well as diverse implant positioning angles (p ≤ 0.001). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the coping type and the implants divergence may be significant parameters influencing the impression accuracy.