bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A landscape level analysis of entrepreneurship and sustainable energy transitions: Evidences from Gujarat, India
Authors: Haldar Stuti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn accordance with India's sustainable energy targets of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy (RE) installed capacity by 2022 and 450 GW by 2030, the role of private sector actors has become increasingly important. As presently, 96 percent of the total installed RE utilities in India are privately owned; this makes sustainability driven entrepreneurship the core of India's energy sector transition. It is vital to explore various individual and firm level, policy and market related factors that enable entrepreneurs to induce innovative RE technologies in the existing conventional energy regime in India. So, this study adopts a multi‐level perspective approach to understand what and how processes at the landscape level (national, sub‐national policy, and international concerns) interplay with niche (sustainability driven entrepreneurs) and regime (existing fossil fuel regime) to create windows of opportunities for sociotechnical transition from conventional to clean energy. This empirical study incorporates structured interviews with 54 RE entrepreneurs operating in Gujarat, to understand the role of policy and international factors in facilitating innovation and firm growth in this sector. As Gujarat contributes around 12 percent to the total RE basket in India and with its culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, ranks among the top 10 states in terms of Ease of Doing Business (2019) the study area has been delimited to this Indian state. The study finds that despite having policy regulations such as tax incentives, Renewable Purchase Obligations, safe‐guard duties, and financial subsidies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship in the RE sector, the profitability of these entrepreneurs is low. Moreover, there are loopholes in implementation of policies which further impede growth of RE entrepreneurship hence leading to hindrance in adoption and diffusion of clean energy technologies in India.
Principles and Recent Advances in Biosensors for Pathogens Detection
Authors: Nesakumar Noel , Lakshmanakumar Muthaiyan , Srinivasan Soorya , Jayalatha JBB Arockia , Balaguru Rayappan John Bosco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFoodborne and waterborne diseases caused by pathogens pose a serious threat to human life, and the detection of such pathogens in food, water, and beverages has gained paramount importance in view of the increasing number of pathogenic diseases in recent times. Standard and traditional analytical techniques employed for the recognition of deadly pathogens, including polymerase chain reaction‐based techniques, immunology‐based assays, culture and colony counting techniques, require several hours or perhaps even a few days for the results. All these techniques, despite being quite sensitive, are time‐intensive. Therefore, several researchers are focusing on the development of rapid pathogen detection techniques. Although the most advanced biosensing technologies exhibit potential approaches, significant research and testing is an urgent need to design innovative biosensors. Novel bioanalytical approaches for the recognition and quantification of target pathogens are being designed and developed to enhance the characteristics of biosensors, including rapid response, selectivity, and sensitivity. In this context, we not only provide an overview of the types of biorecognition elements employed for the detection of pathogens, but also discuss in detail the traditional approaches, biomolecular techniques, the latest advances in the detection and quantification of foodborne and waterborne pathogens, with particular emphasis on biosensors.
Improved Extraction of Rare Earths of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd by Optimizing the Structure of Phenoxyacetic Acid
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Rui , Guo Chuanglong , Chen Xueling , Sun Junmei , Zhi Yonggang , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel extractant, 2‐(2‐heptanoylphenoxy)acetic acid (HA), was synthesized and applied to extract La, Ce, Pr, and Nd from the hydrochloric acid solution. The extraction parameters including pH, temperature, concentrations of HA and chloride ion were investigated and discussed in detail. The extraction mechanism was studied with Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Compared with the extractant of sec‐octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12), HA showed excellent performance and different extraction order in extracting La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. All the rare‐earth metals (REs) were extracted by the cation exchange mechanism and loaded as REs(A)3. The stripping test showed that the loaded REs in the organic phase can be effectively stripped with sulfuric acid at medium acidity. This work revealed that HA is an effective extractant for REs.
Hydrogen production by Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Substances Using Iron‐Containing Metal‐Ceramic Composites Under UV and Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Artyukh Ivan A. , Bolgaru Konstantin A. , Dychko Konstantin A. , Bavykina Anastasiya V. , Sastre Francesc , Skvortsova Lidia N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal‐ceramic composites with ceramic matrix modified with semiconductors (SiN‐SiC and TiN) were synthetized by Self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) technology. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to determine the phase composition of the composites based on the nitrides of silicon, titanium, vanadium, and boron. Surface morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface iron content was estimated using an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer for SEM (EDX‐SEM). Optical properties of the composites were studied, and the band gap values of ceramic matrix semiconducting components were calculated. The comparative evaluation of photocatalytic efficiency of the composites has been done for hydrogen production from solutions of organic substances (HCOOH, H2C2O4, malic acid, citric acid, sucrose, and N2H4) under UV and visible light irradiation. It has been shown, that the high efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation depends on the composition of ceramic matrix containing semiconducting constituents, the nature of organic substances used, and the addition of H2O2 to the solution causing a photo‐Fenton reaction. Also, the effect of eosin on photosensitization of the process was studied. The system of VN/N2H4 has been established to exhibit the highest efficiency of hydrogen production (300–560 μmol h−1 g−1).
Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye Using Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures
Authors: Thomas Susmi Anna , Kadam Sujit Anil , Ma Yuan‐Ron , Aravind Arun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZinc Sulfide (ZnS) get important attention as a semiconductor photocatalyst among other transition metal sulfides due to its fascinating and extraordinary properties. Here ZnS nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal method using zinc acetate and sodium sulfide as precursors. The structural properties of ZnS was studied by using X‐Ray Diffraction technique (XRD).Exact fitting and crystal information of the sample was obtained from Rietveld refinement with Crystallographic Open Database (COD). It shows that ZnS follows cubic structure without any impurity peaks. Crystallite size and lattice strain values are calculated by using Williamson‐Hall (W−H) Plot method. As temperature increases, the particle size also going to increases due to atomic diffusion phenomena. Tauc plot indicates that the bandgap values decreases with increasing temperature. Accurate determination of bandgap values was analyzed by Boltzmann fitting using sigmoid function. Chemical states of elements were obtained with X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).Surface morphology and elemental analysis of ZnS nanoparticles was determined from Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Then the photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency of synthesized particles for Malachite Green (MG) dye was evaluated. From the studies it was found that ZnS is an efficient photocatalyst and it can be used as a perfect future material to avoid the water pollution.
Serendipitous Formation of a Zwitterionic Imidazolium Molecule from α‐Diimine with Glyoxal as Unusual Cyclization Agent
Authors: Biancalana Lorenzo , Bresciani Giulio , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImidazolium compounds have determined a profound impact on chemistry, and several synthetic methods to access them are well established. Here, we report the serendipitous discovery of the unprecedented route to a zwitterionic imidazolium molecule with the two nitrogen atoms substituted with 4‐cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: to build the five‐membered ring, glyoxal plays the double role of source for C2 and, unusually, C1 units, the latter via thermal decomposition affording carbon monoxide as side‐product. Compound I1 was characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR, IR and ESI‐MS spectroscopy.
Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye and Antibacterial Performance of Shape Controlled RuO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Amanvir , Kaushik Vikas , Chahal Surjeet , Goswami Arkaja , Nain Sonia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArising global health problems have drawn significant interest in the researcher's community to fabricate multifunctional nanocomposites that could directly or indirectly treat polluted water. Herein, a simple but cost‐effective method is proposed for the fabrication of flower‐shaped RuO2 NPs (nanoparticles) on SWCNTs (single‐walled carbon nanotubes). The synthesized composite acts as a one‐stop solution for eliminating harmful dyes and pathogens from potable water. The structural, morphological, and chemical compositions of RuO2/SWCNT were carefully investigated and the observations revealed that crystalline RuO2 NPs possessing quantum dot range sizes were homogeneously decorated on the inner as well as exterior cavities of activated SWCNTs. The nanocomposite proved as an efficient photocatalyst against MB (methylene blue) dye and colourless phenol. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of RuO2, SWCNT, and RuO2/SWCNT is 57%, 21%, and 92.6% respectively against MB dye. Colourless phenol degradation and scavenging studies were performed to rule out the photosensitization effect and examine the role of active species during photodegradation respectively. Moreover, when the residual remains of the composite after degradation experiments were used as an antibacterial agent, it proved most lethal against E. coli and L. monocytogenes with 13.7±0.45 and 12.5±0.15 mm diameter of ZOI respectively at rather low doses (0.07 mg/mL). Finally, the synthesized composite could reduce the industrial cost of application and also influence the engineering and logical fabrication of nanocomposites for their reusability and multifunctional proficiencies.
Green Synthesis of Ag NP‐Decorated Poly(dopamine) Microcapsules for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Hu Qiyan , Zhou Zhiyuan , Gao Liwen , Zhou Naijun , Chen Yuanyan , Wang Shaozhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability to synthesize Ag nanoparticle‐based composites under gentle conditions shows the promise to produce versatile antimicrobial agents. Herein, we report a green method for the synthesis of Ag NP‐decorated poly(dopamine) (Ag NP‐PDA) microcapsules. The synthesis involves the use of ZIF‐8 crystals as self‐sacrificed templates to produce PDA microcapsules followed by in situ reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 to form Ag NPs with catechol groups of the PDA microcapsules. The formation mechanism is supported by the results from transmission electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that the as‐prepared Ag NP‐PDA microcapsule composites exhibit low cytotoxicity towards L929 cells but effective antimicrobial activity towards both E. coli and S. aureus. These results suggest the possibility of our method to prepare combined nanocomposite antimicrobial agents by loading additional antibiotics on the surface or into the microcapsule of the PDA support.
Unravelling the Occurrence of Mediator‐Blood Protein Interactions via the Redox Catalysis of the Physiological Gasotransmitter Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Ward Haydn J. , Ward Rhys A. , Lawrence Nathan S. , Wadhawan Jay D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFerrocenemethanol is employed as an aqueous, homogeneous redox mediator for hydrogen sulfide. The reaction is seen to follow an EC’ mechanism over the range 6≤pH≤9, with bisulfide reacting four times more rapidly than hydrogen sulfide. In the presence of 10 vol.% hæmolysed blood, greater concentrations of sulfide (as H2S or as HS−) are required to achieve the same degree of redox catalysis, compared with the absence of the blood proteins, at both pH 7 and pH 9. It is suggested that this phenomenon derives from a ferrocenemethanol/blood protein interaction, which is first titrated by the sulfide species. This can give rise to a titration‐based electroanalytical assay for sulfide in blood, whilst being important for blood‐based electrochemical bioassays involving hydrophilic ferrocene derivatives.
Vertically Aligned MoS2 Nanosheets on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Sheets for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhong Lin , Cheng Hao , Zhou Hu , Chen Boyuan , Zhuang Yongyue , Chen Junfeng , Yuan Aihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFabrication of two‐dimensional electrocatalysts with low cost and high efficiency is of great significance for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most promising alternatives to Pt‐based HER catalysts, however its electrocatalytic performance is greatly limited by insufficient active edge sites and poor conductivity. Herein, ZIF‐8‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon sheet (NCS) is utilized as the support, and the heterostructure of NCS@MoS2 is assembled by a facile hydrothermal reaction between MoS2 precursor and NCS. This is the first example of NCS‐supported MoS2 structures for HER application. The results show that defect‐rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets are uniformly and vertically aligned on NCS, and the dispersion degree of MoS2 can be well controlled by adjusting the surface modification of NCS. As expected, the optimized catalyst possesses a superior catalytic performance to pristine MoS2 evidenced by a low overpotential (250 mV) to afford 10 mA cm−2, and a small Tafel slope (74 mV dec−1) with good stability in acidic media. The intriguing HER activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of abundantly exposed active sites and high conductivity.
Equivalent mutant identification using hybrid wavelet convolutional rain optimization
Authors: Jammalamadaka Kiran , Parveen Nikhat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMutation testing is a significant software testing approach that identifies the faults present in the source codes and the potentiality of the test cases in detecting the mutated codes. In this testing approach, equivalent mutant detection is complicated as the test cases will not identify the mutated codes from the source program. To overcome this problem, the article proposes a novel hybrid strategy known as the hybrid wavelet convolutional rain optimization (HWCRO) to classify the equivalent mutants present in the source codes accurately. The proposed technique considers three different classes of equivalent mutants based on the RIPR model and exactly identifies the mutated code. Initially, the features such as the semantic similarity and the information entropy are extracted, and these features are given as the input to the wavelet convolutional neural network (wCNN) classifier. The dimensions of the features are reduced in the convolutional layers using the wavelet function, which enhances the classifier's performance. To improve the classification accuracy, the loss function is minimized with an adaptive rain optimization algorithm (ROA) that iteratively tunes the parameter of wCNN. The proposed approach is compared with the existing classification techniques based on the parameters such as precision, recall, f1‐score, and accuracy, and the simulation results yielded 85.17% accuracy value for the proposed approach.
An unusual shark assemblage from the Ladinian–Carnian interval of South China
Authors: Li Jiachun , Sun Zuoyu , Cuny Gilles , Ji Cheng , Jiang Dayong , Zhou Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA detailed taxonomic study of a diverse chondrichthyan fauna from the Ladinian–Carnian (Middle–Late Triassic) interval at Nimaigu locality in Guizhou Province, South China is presented. Six taxa are described, two of which are assigned to Elasmobranchii incertae sedis (aff. Rosaodus sp., Rosaodus xingyiensis gen. et sp. nov.) and three to the Euselachii (Euselachii gen. et sp. indet., Favusodus orientalis gen. et sp. nov., Keichouodus nimaiguensis gen. et sp. nov.), while the last one represents a possible Holocephali (aff. Arctacanthus sp.). Their stratigraphic distribution is documented on a bed‐by‐bed basis. This fauna is unusual because it is dominated by sharks with a cladodont‐like dentition (which were barely known after the end‐Permian mass extinction), and because it is almost devoid of durophagous euselachians, which makes it different from all other contemporaneous shark faunas worldwide. Transitional features are documented between ‘cladodont’ teeth and those of neoselachian sharks, which provide new insights into the replacement pattern of ancient sharks by modern ones.
Referral care paths for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease—Gearing up for an ever more prevalent and severe liver disease
Authors: van Dijk Anne‐Marieke , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Holleboom Adriaan G. , Tushuizen Maarten E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent and potentially severe liver disease, emphasizing the need for implementation of widely supported care paths for patients at risk for advanced stages of NAFLD. In particular, the distinction of patients with a progressive and/or advanced, fibrotic NAFLD from those with simple steatosis requires improvement, as well as the awareness for NAFLD among health care professionals. Broad acceptance and implementation of interdisciplinary care paths in the near future will bring enhanced identification of those patients that benefit from surveillance, intensive lifestyle management, and empirical or investigational pharmacotherapy and enhance our epidemiological grasp of NAFLD in relation to lifestyle, genetic background, and cardiometabolic comorbidities related to NAFLD.
CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED TRANSPORT
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt least since the turn of the millennium, it has become clear that Europe’s cities are facing a rising number of increasingly demanding challenges. Climate change and global technological development are two considerable global drivers that are also governing social change in Europe. These two significant aspects require us to re-examine fundamental questions concerning urban development.
ACTION PLANS
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Bruck Emilia M. , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Stickler Andrea , Berger Martin , Dangschat Jens S. , Scheuvens Rudolf , Banerjee Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMedia outlets, as well as specialist engineering and science journals, have repeatedly been stating that connected and automated driving will soon be possible on all public roads. But in recent years, doubt has increasingly been cast on this supposed certainty. The analysis conducted as part of this research also suggests that the development of technologies for CA vehicles and infrastructures is moving more slowly than initially anticipated.
Endokrine und neuroendokrine Tumoren
Authors: Riss Philipp , Scheuba Katharina , Strobel Oliver 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEndokrine Tumoren und hier im Speziellen neuroendokrine Neoplasien des Gastrointestinaltraktes (GEP-NETs), Phäochromozytome (PCs), Paragangliome (PGL) und Schilddrüsentumoren sind Paradebeispiele für die Bedeutung von Molekularpathologie und Molekularbiologie für Diagnostik, Klassifikation und letztendlich auch die (chirurgische) Therapie dieser Erkrankungen. Bei GEP-NETs erfolgt das Grading anhand des Ki-67-Index. Dieser bestimmt die Art der molekularen Bildgebung (DOTA [1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecan‑1,4,7,10-tetraessigsäure]/DOPA [3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanin]/FDG[Fluordesoxyglukose]-PET[Positronenemissionstomographie]/CT [Computertomographie]), die mögliche Therapie (chirurgisch und/oder Radiopeptidtherapie), antiproliferative und symptomkontrollierende Therapie mit Somatostatinanaloga und letztendlich auch die Prognose. PC/PGL können hereditär auftreten (MEN2A [multiple endokrine Neoplasie Typ 2A], VHL [Von-Hippel-Lindau-Tumorsuppressor], NF1 [Neurofibromatose Typ 1], SDH[Succinat-Dehydrogenase]-Mutationen), was die chirurgische Therapie und die präoperative Medikation maßgeblich beeinflusst. Die molekulare Bildgebung hat einen hohen Stellenwert und kann bei grenzwertiger Biochemie wegweisend sein. Auch Nebennierenrindenkarzinome können genetisch determiniert sein. Bei Schilddrüsentumoren ist v. a. die Pathologie der C‑Zelle (C-Zell-Hyperplasie, medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom) hervorzuheben. Bei hereditärer Erkrankung (FMTC [familiäres medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom], MEN[multiple endokrine Neoplasie]2) ist häufig eine frühe prophylaktische Operation notwendig und verhindert das Auftreten von fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen. Aber auch die Bestimmung des Resektionsausmaßes bei follikulären Läsionen bzw. die Unterscheidung zwischen „non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features“ (NIFTPs) und follikulären Varianten des papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms kann mithilfe spezifischer Marker erfolgen. Insgesamt hat die Molekularpathologie eine zunehmende Bedeutung bei diesen Entitäten und ist auch Inhalt laufender Forschungsprojekte.