bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for the Sampling of Pulmonary Lesions: First European Real-Life Experience
Authors: Patrucco Filippo , Daverio Matteo , Airoldi Chiara , Falaschi Zeno , Longo Vittorio , Gavelli Francesco , Boldorini Renzo Luciano , Balbo Piero Emilio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The use of Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) for the diagnosis of pulmonary peripheral lesions is still debated due to its variable diagnostic yield; a new 4D ENB system, acquiring inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT) scans, overcomes respiratory motion and uses tracked sampling instruments, reaching higher diagnostic yields. We aimed at evaluating diagnostic yield and accuracy of a 4D ENB system in sampling pulmonary lesions and at describing their influencing factors.

Methods
We conducted a three-year retrospective observational study including all patients with pulmonary lesions who underwent 4D ENB with diagnostic purposes; all the factors potentially influencing diagnosis were recorded.

Results
103 ENB procedures were included; diagnostic yield and accuracy were, respectively, 55.3% and 66.3%. We reported a navigation success rate of 80.6% and a diagnosis with ENB was achieved in 68.3% of cases; sensitivity for malignancy was 61.8%. The majority of lesions had a bronchus sign on CT, but only the size of lesions influenced ENB diagnosis (p < 0.05). Transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy was the most used tool (93.2% of times) with the higher diagnostic rate (70.2%). We reported only one case of pneumothorax.

Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of a 4D ENB system is lower than other previous navigation systems used in research settings. Several factors still influence the reachability of the lesion and therefore diagnostic yield. Patient selection, as well as the multimodality approach of the lesion, is strongly recommended to obtain higher diagnostic yield and accuracy, with a low rate of complications.
Estimation of the time of death by measuring the variation of lateral cerebral ventricle volume and cerebrospinal fluid radiodensity using postmortem computed tomography
Authors: De-Giorgio Fabio , Ciasca Gabriele , Fecondo Gennaro , Mazzini Alberto , De Spirito Marco , Pascali Vincenzo L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using postmortem CT (PMCT), changes in the volume of the lateral cerebral ventricles (LCVs) and modifications of the radiodensity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been examined to identify a possible relationship between these changes and the time of death. Subsequent periodical CT scans termed “sequential scans” for ten corpses at known time of death were obtained, and a 3D segmentation of the entire LCV was carried out to measure its volume and radiodensity over time from ~ 5.5- h up to 273-h postmortem. A linear decrease of the LCV volume for all the cases was observed in the investigated time range, together with an overall logarithmic increase of radiodensity. Although a larger sampling should be performed to improve the result reliability, our finding suggests that the postmortem variation of CSF radiodensity can be a potentially useful tool in determining postmortem interval, a finding that is worthy of further investigation.
Efficacy of hyaluronic acid 0.3%, cyanocobalamin, electrolytes, and P-Plus in menopause patients with moderate dry eye disease
Authors: De-Hita-Cantalejo Concepción , Sánchez-González María Carmen , Silva-Viguera Carmen , García-Romera Marta C. , Feria-Mantero Ricardo , Sánchez-González José-María 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To study the treatment efficacy of hyaluronic acid 0.3%, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), electrolytes, and P-Plus in menopausal patients with moderate dry eye disease.

Methods
Thirty female patients of mean age 53.06 ± 5.20 years (45–65) were enrolled in this prospective longitudinal study. Meibomian gland loss assessment was determined using a scale with four levels. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, phenol red thread (PRT) test, and tear film break-up time (TFBUT) were also completed by the patients. Tear eye drops were formulated with 0.3 g of sodium hyaluronate, P-Plus ™, vitamin B12, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and SCO® (stabilized complex oxychloride). After 30 days, the patients were re-evaluated.

Results
The mean meibomian gland loss percentage was 37.97 ± 19.02 % (7.20 to 88.30%). Before treatment, the OSDI was 22.53 ± 14.03 score points (6.25 to 77.08). Posterior OSDI decreased to 16.26 ± 13.69 score points (0.00 to 70.83) (W = 58.00, P < 0.01). Before treatment, PRT was 10.31 ± 4.48 mm (4.00 to 21.00). Posterior PRT increased to 15.41 ± 6.27 mm (4.00 to 21.00) (W = 1520.50, P < 0.01). Before treatment, TFBUT was 6.23 ± 1.75 s (3.00 to 9.00). The posterior TFBUT increased to 8.10 ± 2.06 s (4.00 to 14.00) (W= 1382.50, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The hyaluronic acid 0.3% and vitamin B12 eye drops effectively decreased dry eye symptoms in menopausal women and improved tear stability and volume.
Negative affordance effect: automatic response inhibition triggered by handle orientation of non-target object
Authors: Vainio L. , Tiippana K. , Peromaa T. , Kuuramo C. , Kurki I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHabituated response tendency associated with affordance of an object is automatically inhibited if this affordance cue is extracted from a non-target object. This study presents two go/no-go experiments investigating whether this response control operates in response selection processes and whether it is linked to conflict-monitoring mechanisms. In the first experiment, the participants performed responses with one hand, and in the second experiment, with two hands. In addition, both experiments consisted of two blocks with varying frequency of go conditions (25%-go vs. 75%-go). The non-target-related response inhibition effect was only observed in Experiment 2 when the task required selecting between two hands. Additionally, the results did not reveal patterns typically related to conflict monitoring when go-frequency is manipulated and when a stimulus–response compatibility effect is examined relative to congruency condition of the previous trial. The study shows that the non-target-related response inhibition assists hand selection and is relatively resistant to conflict-monitoring processes.
Innovative sacropelvic fixation using iliac screws and triangular titanium implants
Authors: Panico Matteo , Chande Ruchi D. , Lindsey Derek P. , Mesiwala Ali , Villa Tomaso Maria Tobia , Yerby Scott A. , Gallazzi Enrico , Brayda-Bruno Marco , Galbusera Fabio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sacropelvic fixation is frequently used in combination with thoracolumbar instrumentation for the correction of severe spinal deformities. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the triangular titanium implants on the iliac screw fixation. Our hypothesis was that the use of triangular titanium implants can increase the stability of the iliac screw fixation.

Methods
Three T10-pelvis instrumented models were created: pedicle screws and rods in T10-S1, and bilateral iliac screws (IL); posterior fixation and bilateral iliac screws and triangular implants inserted bilaterally in a sacro-alar-iliac trajectory (IL-Tri-SAI); posterior fixation and bilateral iliac screws and two bilateral triangular titanium implants inserted in a lateral trajectory (IL-Tri-Lat). Outputs of these models, such as hardware stresses, were compared against a model with pedicle screws and rods in T10-S1 (PED).

Results
Sacropelvic fixation decreased the L5-S1 motion by 75–90%. The motion of the SIJ was reduced by 55–80% after iliac fixation; the addition of triangular titanium implants further reduced it. IL, IL-Tri-SAI and IL-Tri-Lat demonstrated lower S1 pedicle stresses with respect to PED. Triangular implants had a protective effect on the iliac screw stresses.

Conclusion
Sacropelvic fixation decreased L5-S1 range of motion suggesting increased stability of the joint. The combination of triangular titanium implants and iliac screws reduced the residual flexibility of the sacroiliac joint, and resulted in a protective effect on the S1 pedicle screws and iliac screws themselves. Clinical studies may be performed to demonstrate applicability of these FEA results to patient outcomes.
Pioneering, prodigious and perspicacious: Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva’s life and contribution to conceptualising autism and schizophrenia
Authors: Sher David Ariel , Gibson Jenny L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGrunya Efimovna Sukhareva’s seminal role in being the first to publish a clinical description of autistic traits in 1925, before both Kanner and Asperger, has been revealed relatively recently. Nevertheless, Sukhareva’s work is little known and largely unrecognised beyond Russia. Amidst calls for greater recognition of her pivotal contribution in the genesis of autism conceptualisation and categorisation, this article provides a biographical and historical background. Sukhareva’s wide-ranging psychiatric work is adumbrated and her pioneering efforts in conceptualising both schizophrenia and autism are elucidated. The article reflects on possible explanations for the belated and incomplete recognition of Sukhareva’s role. The current article indicates how Sukhareva’s work was ahead of its time in reflecting modern criteria for autism diagnoses and in its focus on female case studies. Sukhareva’s somewhat precarious position as a foremost psychiatrist condemned in the Stalinist years for being anti-Marxist is explicated. The article outlines further directions for academic research on Sukhareva’s work and contributions.
Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella contamination of wild boar (Sus scrofa) carcasses: comparison between different sampling strategies
Authors: Bonardi Silvia , Tansini Cesare , Cacchioli Antonio , Soliani Laura , Poli Luca , Lamperti Luca , Corradi Margherita , Gilioli Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring 2020, a total of 64 wild boar carcasses were tested for Enterobacteriaceae count (EBC), Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica in the abdominal region (i) within 5 h after hunting in the game collection point and (ii) before dressing and processing in the game-handling establishment (GHE) (49 carcasses—average time interval between (i) and (ii): 4.3 days). Because of COVID-19 restrictions, 15 carcasses were transported to a near slaughterhouse (average time interval between (i) and (ii): 2.3 days). Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected and tested for Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica. Results are shown in relation to sampling A (49 carcasses—GHE) and sampling B (15 carcasses—slaughterhouse). Sampling A: EBC median values were (i) 2.51 log10 CFU/cm2 and (ii) 2.79 log10 CFU/cm2. EBC increase between (i) and (ii) was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salmonella prevalence on carcasses varied from (i) 2.0 to (ii) 6.1%. Sampling B: EBC median values were (i) 3.1 log10 CFU/cm2 and (ii) 3.32 log10 CFU/cm2. EBC increase between (i) and (ii) was not statistically significant (p = 0.191). Salmonella prevalence on carcasses varied from (i) 6.7 to (ii) 0.0%. The prevalence (sampling A + B) of lymphatic Salmonella carriers was 7.8% (5/64). From carcasses and/or MNLs, the serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Agama, Zaiman and Diarizonae O:50 (z) were detected. Y. enterocolitica was never isolated. Long chilling periods prior to wild game processing should be avoided, and carcasses should be tested at GHE rather than after shooting to proper reflect the microbial load of wild boar meat entering the food chain.
The role of the jessour system for agrobiodiversity preservation in Southern Tunisia
Authors: Piras Francesco , Zanzana Afef , Costa Pinto Ligia M. , Fiore Beatrice , Venturi Martina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMediterranean countries are still characterized by a great variety of historical cultural landscapes, as a result of the millenary human presence that has shaped the territory through agro-silvo-pastoral practices. In the arid regions of south eastern Tunisia, the land use is predominantly olive trees cropping and, because of the difficulties related to water scarcity, local population have developed a peculiar water harvesting technique ensuring the cultivation activities and minimising the risk from droughts. Jessour consist of small dams built across gullies and wadi thalwegs, creating a succession of terraces that partially retain the surface water and sediments required for crop growth. These structures are commonly built inside the watercourses to intercept runoff and sediments or at the foot of slopes. Considering that the biodiversity associated to traditional agricultural practices is important, especially in difficult environments, for ensuring food and nutrition to local communities, it results fundamental to preserve these peculiar practices. Moreover, taking into account that the presence of these water harvesting techniques allows the existence of a wide variety of flora and fauna species it result to be even more important to identify and maintain them from an ecological point of view. The research focused on the jessour identification and mapping in order to define their distribution nearby Douiret, in south of Tunisia, and describe the wide variety of species cultivated thanks to this traditional water harvesting solution. Moreover, using QGis software it was possible to analyse both jessour structure and peculiarities as well as their distribution according to the local morphological structure.
Climate change impacts and adaptation for dryland farming systems in Zimbabwe: a stakeholder-driven integrated multi-model assessment
Authors: Tui Sabine Homann-Kee , Descheemaeker Katrien , Valdivia Roberto O. , Masikati Patricia , Sisito Gevious , Moyo Elisha N. , Crespo Olivier , Ruane Alex C. , Rosenzweig Cynthia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDecision makers need accurate information to address climate variability and change and accelerate transformation to sustainability. A stakeholder-driven, science-based multi-model approach has been developed and used by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) to generate actionable information for adaptation planning processes. For a range of mid-century climate projections—likely to be hotter, drier, and more variable—contrasting future socio-economic scenarios (Representative Agricultural Pathways, RAPs) were co-developed with stakeholders to portray a sustainable development scenario and a rapid economic growth pathway. The unique characteristic of this application is the integration of a multi-modeling approach with stakeholder engagement to co-develop scenarios and adaptation strategies. Distribution of outcomes were simulated with climate, crop, livestock, and economic impact assessment models for smallholder crop livestock farmers in a typical dryland agro-ecological zone in Zimbabwe, characterized by low and erratic rainfall and nutrient depleted soils. Results showed that in Nkayi District, Western Zimbabwe, climate change would threaten most of the farms, and, in particular, those with large cattle herds due to feed shortages. Adaptation strategies that showed the most promise included diversification using legume production, soil fertility improvement, and investment in conducive market environments. The switch to more legumes in the farming systems reduced the vulnerability of the very poor as well as the more resourced farmers. Overall, the sustainable development scenario consistently addressed institutional failures and motivated productivity-enhancing, environmentally sound technologies and inclusive development approaches. This yielded more favorable outcomes than investment in quick economic wins from commercializing agriculture.
Stroke care networks and the impact on quality of care
Authors: Schoenfelder Jan , Zarrin Mansour , Griesbaum Remo , Berlis Ansgar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLack of rapidly available neurological expertise, especially in rural areas, is one of the key obstacles in stroke care. Stroke care networks attempt to address this challenge by connecting hospitals with specialized stroke centers, stroke units, and hospitals of lower levels of care. While the benefits of stroke care networks are well-documented, travel distances are likely to increase when patients are transferred almost exclusively between members of the same network. This is particularly important for patients who require mechanical thrombectomy, an increasingly employed treatment method that requires equipment and expertise available in specialized stroke centers. This study aims to analyze the performance of the current design of stroke care networks in Bavaria, Germany, and to evaluate the improvement potential when the networks are redesigned to minimize travel distances. To this end, we define three fundamental criteria for assessing network design performance: 1) average travel distances, 2) the populace in the catchment area relative to the number of stroke units, and 3) the ratio of stroke units to lower-care hospitals. We generate several alternative stroke network designs using an analytical approach based on mathematical programming and clustering. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the existing networks in Bavaria via simulation. The results show that the current network design could be significantly improved concerning the average travel distances. Moreover, the existing networks are unnecessarily imbalanced when it comes to their number of stroke units per capita and the ratio of stroke units to lower-care hospitals.
Group-theoretical graph categories
Authors: Gromada Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe semidirect product of a finitely generated group dual with the symmetric group can be described through so-called group-theoretical categories of partitions (covers only a special case; due to Raum–Weber, 2015) and skew categories of partitions (more general; due to Maaßen, 2018). We generalize these results to the case of graph categories, which allows to replace the symmetric group by the group of automorphisms of some graph.
Design and Development of an Interactive Web-Based Simulator for Trauma Training: A Pilot Study
Authors: Larraga-García Blanca , Castañeda López Luis , Rubio Bolívar Francisco Javier , Quintana-Díaz Manuel , Gutiérrez Álvaro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTrauma is the leading cause of death in people under 45 years old and one of the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, specific trauma training during medical school as well as after it is crucial. Web-based learning is an important tool in education, offering the possibility to create realistic trauma scenarios. A web-based simulator has been developed and a pilot study has been accomplished to trial the simulator. A pelvic trauma scenario was created and 41 simulations were performed, 28 by medical students and 13 by doctors. The data analyzed are the actions taken to treat the trauma patient, the evolution of the vital signs of the patient, the timing spent on deciding which action to take, when each action was performed and the consequence that it had on the patient. Moreover, a post-simulation questionnaire was completed related to the usability of the simulator. The clinical treatment performance of doctors is better than the performance of medical students performing more actions correctly and in the right sequence as per ATLS recommendations. Moreover, significant differences are obtained in the time response provided to the patients which is key in trauma. With respect to the usability of the tool, responses provide a positive usability rating. In conclusion, this pilot study has demonstrated that the web-based training developed can be used to train and evaluate trauma management. Moreover, this research has highlighted a different approach to trauma treatment between medical students and doctors.
Why and when do family firms invest less in talent management? The suppressor effect of risk aversion
Authors: Basco Rodrigo , Bassetti Thomas , Dal Maso Lorenzo , Lattanzi Nicola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores the complex relationship between family firms and talent management practices. We use an international sample of medium-sized manufacturing firms to show that the relationship between family-owned firms and investment in talent management practices is mediated by the firm's level of risk aversion, which is, in turn, moderated by industry competition. Risk-averse family-owned firms tend to invest less in talent management practices when industry competition is weak. In contrast, when competition increases, family-owned firms tend to invest in talent as much as non-family-owned firms do.
German farmers’ intention to use autonomous field robots: a PLS-analysis
Authors: Rübcke von Veltheim Friedrich , Theuvsen Ludwig , Heise Heinke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAutonomous field robots are a promising technology for solving several problems in agriculture, as they are electrical driven, can control weeds single-plant based mechanically or with microdoses of pesticides and exert less ground pressure on the field. Whether such robots will be applied on a large scale in German agriculture depends on various parameters. Therefore, the factors influencing the behavioural intention of farmers with respect to their future adoption of autonomous field robots were investigated. The analysis applies a structural equation model based on an extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The dataset, collected in 2019, consists of 500 German farmers. The results reveal significantly positive effects of farmers’ expected performance, social influence and trust as well as significantly negative effects of farmers’ effort expectancy and anxiety on the behavioural intention to use autonomous field robots. Additionally, moderating effects of age on the relationship of individual constructs to the behavioural intent to use robots could be confirmed. The results provide important information for various stakeholders. Robot suppliers should better inform farmers about the performance of their products, for instance by involving farmers in the development process of the robots. The ecological benefits attributed to field robots could meet public expectations and should be better communicated to address farmers’ social influence on the behavioural intention to use the robots. Policymakers could try to create better framework conditions, for example by establishing a stable legal situation for autonomous systems or promote its use.
A Molecular Dynamics Investigation on Methane Flow and Water Droplets Sliding in Organic Shale Pores with Nano-structured Roughness
Authors: Yong Wei , Zhou Yingfang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRoughness of surfaces significantly influences how methane and water flow in shale nanopores. We perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influence of surface roughness on pore-scale transport of pure methane as well as of two-phase methane–water systems with the water sliding as droplets over the pore surface. For single-phase methane flow, surface roughness shows a limited influence on bulk methane density, while it significantly reduces the methane flow capacity. In methane–water systems, the mobility of water is a strong function of surface roughness including a clear transition between immobile and mobile water droplets. For cases with mobile water, droplet sliding speeds were correlated with pressure gradient and surface roughness. Sliding water droplets hardly deform, i.e., there is little difference between their advancing and receding contact angle with structured roughness.