bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN WHATSAPP DAN GOOGLE FORM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMK N 2 SEWON BANTUL
Authors: Bensulong Akifee , Afifah Fitrian Nur , Solikhah Isna Zumrotus 
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan media sosial whatsapp dan aplikasi google form dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMK. Penelitian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Adapun subjek penelitian ini merupakan siswa di SMK SMK Negeri 2 Sewon, Bantul dan SMK Negeri Bangunjiwo, Bantul. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi dan angket. Instrumen penelitian berkaitan dengan anget yaitu berkaitan dengan persepsi responden mengenai whatsapp dan google form serta kendalanya. Teknik analisis data dengan cara mengelompokkan jawaban siswa, dan menginterpretasikan jawaban siswa. Pembelajaran daring menggunakan whatsapp dan google form merupakan media paling efektif untuk proses pembelajaran. Hal tersebut terlihat pada faktor situasi kondisi siswa yang memiliki kesulitan jaringan internet. Selain itu, penggunaan google form pada pemberian evaluasi google form. Penggunaan google form sangat mudah dan efektif dengan keterbatasan kondisi siswa. Siswa masih dapat mengumpulkan tugas siswa walaupun koneksi internet terkendala. Kata kunci: Whatsapp, Google form, pembelajaran pendidikan
BENTUK LEKSIKON RAGAM BAHASA GAUL DALAM FILM “GENERASI MICIN”
Authors: Rustiana Fenti , Wirawati Denik 
Published: September 2021

Bahasa gaul diciptakan oleh kalangan remaja untuk meningkatkan keakraban dan eksistensi kelompok masyarakat. Bahasa gaul menjadi salah satu bahasa yang menarik dan dapat dikaji menggunakan berbagai bahan kajian salah satunya dalam tataran leksikon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk leksikon ragam bahasa gaul dalam film “Generasi Micin”. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskrptif kualitatif dengan metode analisis data ialah teknik padan dan lanjutan adalah teknik bagi unsur (BUL). Data penelitian ini berupa film “Generasi Micin” yang banyak terdapat ragam bahasa gaul. Teknik pengumpulan data dalampenelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak, dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk leksikon ragam bahasa gaul dalam film “Generasi Micin” terdapat 3 bagian yaitu bentuk kata normal, reduksi kata, dan penyingkatan kata. Ditemukan 9 kata bentuk normal/biasa, 3 kata reduksi, dan 3 kata penyingkatan. Kata Kunci: Ragam Bahasa gaul, bentuk leksikon, film
PENGARUH METODE KARYAWISATA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 2 MEKARBARU KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Haerudin Haerudin , Ibrahim Soleh 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode karyawisata terhadap keterampilan menulis teks hasil laporan observasi siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Mekarbaru Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Quasi Experimental Design dengan melakukan pretes dan postes pada dua kelompok. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Nonequivalent Control Group Design Data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengisian tes dideskripsikan dengan menggunakan instrumen-instrumen yang dikembangkan. Selanjutnya, data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi, histogram, ogive, poligon. Hasil penelitian pretes dengan uji hipotesis menunjukan hasil thitung(0,21) < ttabel (1,66) ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks prosedur antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Analisis postes dengan uji hipotesis menunjukan hasil thitung (6,73) > ttabel (1,66) ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan terlihat signifikan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks prosedur sangat berpengaruh pada kemampuan menulis siswa. Kata Kunci: laporan hasil observasi, metode karyawisata
Development of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Model Based on HOTS Problems for the Topic of Ratio
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Ranti Mayang Gadih 
Published: September 2021

Learning using Realistic Mathematics Education is a breakthrough in mathematics learning. A difficulty in implementation of PMRI on learning is there are no adequate learning resources or learning media which facilitate PMRI Implementation on learning. This research is aim to develop a PMRI learning pack on ratio topic which consist of Model Book, Teacher’s Book, Student’s Book, Lesson Plan, Worksheets and Evaluation sheets. The product was developed using Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) problems to support students ability to solve problems and develop student’s thinking abillity. Development model used was Plomp Model. From research results we find that the product was valid, practice, and effective. Validation results show that the validation score was 4,19. The practically was obtained by the consistency of practically evaluation scores from expert and learning observation results. The effectiveness was obtained by four indicators, namely: 1) 80% of 35 students gain high or very high score, 2) percentage average of students and teachers activities gain ideal tolerance time, 3) 92,5 % of students give a positive response on learning, and 4) Teacher’s capability to manage to learn good category.
Keywords: development, Realistic mathematics education, ratio
Etnomathematics: Batik Activities In Tancep Batik
Authors: Wahyudi Heru , Widodo Sri Adi , Setiana Dafid Slamet , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the ethnomathematics of batik activity in the Batik Tancep Gunungkidul artwork as contextual mathematics learning. This research is a type of qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The data was obtained in the form of qualitative data, research data sources obtained through observation, interviews, documentation. The instrument in this study was the researcher himself. Data collection is done by participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is done by triangulation of data collection techniques and then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Data analysis is reduced based on Bishop's mathematical fundamental activities. The results of data analysis are then explored in mathematical aspects. The results of the study found mathematical aspects of the area of flat wake area, congruence and congruence of flat wake, comparison, translation, multiplication of count numbers, and volume of curved side space. The results of the study show that the batik activity in the Batik Tancep Gunungkidul artwork is one of the real events that can be raised into contextual mathematics learning.
Keywords: Ethnomatematics, Tancep Batik, Contextual Mathematics Learning
Developing A Learning Media on Limit of Algebraic Functions by Using Google Forms
Authors: Afiah Neni Rifatul , Pujiastuti Heni 
Published: September 2021

The objective of the research is to develop a valid and practical learning media using google forms for material on the limit of algebraic functions. The type of research is Research and Development (R & D) using the ADDIE model in the process of developing a learning media. The ADDIE model development procedure is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation in validation results of development research involved six students at SMAN 11 Pandeglang and six teachers who are media experts and material experts. The results of this study are (1) Produce mathematics learning media using google forms with good qualifications on the material limit of algebraic functions, (2) Media expert assessments of well-qualified learning media products, and (3) Average results of validation by students on media products with good qualifications.
Keywords: learning media, e-learning, google forms, limits of algebraic functions.
A Critical Analysis of Neurological Theories on Empathy in Healthcare
Authors: Gustafsson Ylva 
Published: September 2021

Some employ neurological theories of empathy to train medical students and to explain why care work is emotionally exhausting. I argue, however, that these theories develop conceptual and methodological confusion that creates a reductive and misdirected focus in patient-centered care. Neurological theories on empathy do not help us understand patient-centered care, nor do they help us understand why care work can be exhausting. By discussing examples of care work, I argue that empathic attentiveness to patients is a dialogical ethical response to the whole person and takes place in daily care settings of working, helping, and responding to each other.
Chronic pain: The Canadian Armed Forces members and Veterans mental health follow-up survey
Authors: Perera Essence , Thompson James M. , Asmundson Gordon J.G. , El-Gabalawy Renée , Afifi Tracie O. , Sareen Jitender , Bolton Shay-Lee 
Published: September 2021

LAY SUMMARY Chronic pain is pain that has lasted three to six months or longer. Many people with back pain, migraines, arthritis, and gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, have chronic pain. The experience of chronic pain may have various negative effects on individuals. Pain may prevent a person from doing everyday tasks such as household chores. Chronic pain is an understudied area of research among military members and Veterans. Thus, the authors explored chronic pain in the Canadian military population. This study looked at the differences in chronic pain conditions among serving personnel and Veterans. The results show that a majority of serving members and Veterans experience chronic pain conditions. Veterans also reported experiencing more chronic pain than serving members.
The Effects of Secondary Phases on the Characteristics of Diffusion-Induced Functional Surface Treatments
Authors: Huang Yanjun , Ohta Makoto , Pederson Tara , Milligan Orit (Baron) 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Secondary phases in the microstructure of cast alloys can greatly increase the complexity of functional film development, particularly when film growth is induced by diffusion. This paper examines the effect of secondary phases on the diffusion behaviors of aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen, each of which plays an important role in the formation of functional films on cast aluminum and gray cast iron alloys. In general, a fine and evenly distributed phase morphology improves the uniformity of functional films regardless of whether the secondary phase accelerates or delays mass transfer during diffusion.
What You Need to Know About Industry 4.0 in Heat Treating—The Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Winter Karl-Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The concept and political initiatives in support of Industry 4.0 have been a hot topic on the agenda of major industry events for several years. And as a result, today we are seeing a range of products and services to meet these needs. But what is the hype about Industry 4.0? Do current available approaches deliver what they promise? What has lived on from the original hype of Industry 4.0 from its starting point in 2011?. As Industry 4.0 has evolved, so too has our understanding of it over time. In politics, digitization has become the measure of all things. However, in its application to the theory, some promises regarding the potential of the digital revolution have disappeared. In the manufacturing sector specifically, there is more uncertainty as to how Industry 4.0 can be truly implemented on the factory floor.
The Influence of Nitrogen versus Hydrogen Diluting Gas on the Compound Layer Phase Formation during Ammonia Gas Nitriding of Iron and Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Osterman Virginia M. , Jordan Donald F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Lehrer diagram often serves as a guide for selecting gas mixtures for nitriding alloy steels, but it is only accurate for ammonia gas nitriding processes when hydrogen is used as the diluting gas. This paper presents the results of a study showing that the use of pure nitrogen as a diluent has a marked effect on the phase boundary lines of the standard Lehrer diagram, essentially shifting them to the left. The paper also includes examples showing where the use of nitrogen is advantageous and where it is not.
Low Pressure Carbonitriding of Steel Alloys with Boron and Niobium Additions
Authors: Costa Larissa Vilela , Findley Kip O. , Lelong Vincent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low pressure carbonitriding (LPCN) has the potential to improve the impact and fatigue strength of steel components through the enrichment of nitrogen and the effect of carburizing at higher temperatures. The work described in this paper investigates the influence of boron on the LPCN response of 20MnCr5 steel and the effect of niobium on that of 8620. LPCN treatments were developed to achieve a surface hardness of ~700 HV and case depth of 0.65-0.75 mm in four alloys: 20MnCr5, 20MnCr5 + B, 8620, and 8620 + Nb. The hardness and case microstructure of treated and quenched test samples are correlated with bending fatigue measured in Brugger fatigue specimens, which simulate the root of a gear tooth.
Investigation of Quenchants Based on Sodium Aqueous Ionic Solutions
Authors: Zordão Luis Henrique Pizetta , Canale Lauralice de C. F. , Totten George E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the cooling performance of different salt solutions and quench bath parameters. The results show that increasing quenchant temperature can stabilize the vapor film, while the presence of various additives and the use of agitation can hasten its collapse. Ionic solutions containing NaCl, Na2SO4, NaOH, and NaNO2 were found to inhibit the vapor blanket at 35°C and improve cooling power. Adding salt-forming solutions promoted a more homogeneous cooling with high values of heat flux over most of the cooling cycle.
Taguchi Design for Heat Treatment of Rene 65 Components
Authors: Katsari Christina Maria , Yue Stephen , Wessman Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rene 65 is a nickel-based superalloy used in aerospace components such as turbine blades and disks. The microstructure in the as-received condition of the superalloy consists of about 40% volume fraction of gamma prime precipitates, which is so strong that thermomechanical processing is problematic. The aim of this work is to find a heat treatment to reduce hardness for manufacturing purposes without changing grain size in the final application. For the design of the heat treatments, Taguchi’s L8 matrix is used and the factors that are examined include cooling rate, hold temperature, hold time, and cooling method to room temperature.
Optimization of Interfacial Energy for Langer-Schwartz Based Precipitation Simulations
Authors: Sarich Conner , Hope Adam , Rule Jim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The work presented in this paper addresses a data gap that continues to be a hinderance to users of precipitation modeling tools, particularly those based on Langer-Schwartz theory. Thermodynamic and kinetic data required for precipitation models can be obtained from CALPHAD databases, but interfacial energies between the bulk and precipitate phases are not available for many alloy systems. In this work, a number of matrix-precipitate interfacial energies have been determined for influential precipitates in alloys of industrial importance, for example, carbides in Grade 22 low-alloy steels, delta phase in Ni 625 and 718, S-phase in Al 2024, and Q’ and β’’ in Al 6111.
A Multi-Method Analysis of Carburized Materials: Accurately Measuring the Carbon Gradient and Comparisons to Physical Characteristics
Authors: Metz Allen C. , Coulston Dave B. , Storey Andrew P. , Allen Lloyd A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Carburization is a common method of hardening steel surfaces to be wear-resistant for a wide range of mechanical processes. One critical characteristic of the carburization process is the increase in carbon content that leads to the formation of martensite in the surface layer. Combustion and spark-OES are two common methods for determination of carbon in steels. However, these techniques do not effectively separate carbon from near surface contaminants, carburized layers, and base material composition. Careful consideration of glow discharge spectroscopy as a method of precisely characterizing carbon concentration in surface layers as part of a production process should be evaluated in terms of how the resulting data align with other common analytical and metallurgical measurements. When used together, glow discharge spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and microhardness testing are all useful, complementary techniques for characterizing the elemental composition, visually observable changes in material composition, and changes in surface hardness throughout the hardened case, respectively. Close agreement between related measurements can be used to support the use of each of these techniques as part of a strong quality program for heat treatment facilities.
The Effects of Thermal History on Toughness of Ni-Based Corrosion Resistant Alloys During In-Situ Hydrogen Charging
Authors: Kent Michelle , Findley Kip 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility was investigated for Alloy 718 and Alloy 945X specimens heat treated to a set of conditions within the specifications of API Standard 6ACRA. Heat treatments were selected to simulate the potential variation in thermal history in thick sections of bar or forged products and produce various amounts of discontinuous grain boundary δ phase in Alloy 718 and M23C6 carbides in Alloy 945X, while maintaining a constant hardness in the range of 35-45 HRC for Alloy 718 and 34-42 HRC for Alloy 945X. Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams and experimentation were used to select a set of heat treatments containing no δ phase, a small quantity of δ, and a larger quantity of δ in Alloy 718. The presence of δ phase has not been verified for the moderate condition. A similar approach was taken regarding M23C6 carbides in Alloy 945X. Incremental step loading (ISL) tests were conducted under in-situ cathodic charging on circular notch tensile (CNT) specimens in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. During the test, the direct current potential drop (DCPD) was measured across the notch to determine the stress intensity associated with unstable crack growth. Results indicate that even very small quantities of δ phase in Alloy 718 are detrimental to HE resistance. Both Alloy 718 and Alloy 945X show decreases in HE resistance with aging, with a greater degradation in Alloy 718.
A Brief Review on Validation for Heat Treatment Simulation
Authors: Arimoto Kyozo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Heat treatment simulation has progressed to the point where commercial software is widely available, and validations of simulation functions using experimental results have played a big role in getting here. For this reason, the author presents a number of validation cases and explains what relatively simple experiments can reveal about the complex phenomena of heat treating. In the case of validating basic functions, such as heat transfer and phase transformation, the author uses experimental results of the inverse hardening of quenched steel cylinders. When validating software at the stage where stress and strain functions are added, the author uses measurement data corresponding to length and diameter changes and residual stress distributions in normally quenched steel cylinders. Other cases presented include the validation of curving in long specimens cooled unevenly and the validation of distortions and residual stresses in carburized and quenched, induction hardened and nitrided steels.
Optimizing Heat Treat Processes Through State-of-the-Art Metal Cleaning Capabilities
Authors: Lukowski Stefan , Onken Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Metal cleaning has the potential to make or break heat treat processes. However, many heat treat companies are struggling with common cleaning challenges, including residual contaminations leading to insufficient hardening/nitriding/brazing results; surface stains on the finished products; inconsistent cleaning process as well as high cleaning costs due to high consumption of cleaning agent. In addition, burned oil can cause increased maintenance costs of the equipment and contaminate the facilities. The decision for a cleaning agent or sustainable cleaning technology has become more and more important under the aspect of current legislative efforts by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US. This paper discusses the underlying causes behind these challenges and explains key factors fundamental to ensuring high-quality metal cleaning in terms of consistency, reliability and sustainability. Furthermore, it will introduce legally compliant, state-of-the-art cleaning capabilities such as closed vacuum cleaning technology with solvent, also known as airless system, the combined (two-step) process of solvent and water in one machine; as well as a simple one-process step with two solvent based media. The theoretical principles will be further illustrated through a joint study with HEMO GmbH (HEMO), a manufacturer of cleaning machines, on cleaning trials based on different metals and contaminations.
Effect of Thermomechanical Rolling of the Induction Hardenability of a Micro-Alloyed 1045 Steel
Authors: Cryderman Robert , Bamrud Finn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A micro-alloyed 1045 steel was commercially rolled into 54 mm diameter bars by conventional hot rolling at 1000 °C and by lower temperature thermomechanical rolling at 800 °C. The lower rolling temperature refined the ferrite-pearlite microstructure and influenced the microstructural response to rapid heating at 200 °C·s-1, a rate that is commonly encountered during single shot induction heating for case hardening. Specimens of both materials were rapidly heated to increasing temperatures in a dilatometer to determine the Ac1 and Ac3 transformation temperatures. Microscopy was used to characterize the dissolution of ferrite and cementite. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were developed for rapid austenitizing temperatures 25 °C above the Ac3 determined by dilatometry. Dilatometry and microstructure evaluation along with hardness tests showed that thermomechanical rolling reduced the austenite grain size and lowered the heating temperature needed to dissolve the ferrite. With complete austenitization at 25 °C above the Ac3 there was little effect on the CCT behavior.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength 9260 Bar Steel Heat Treated by Quenching and Partitioning
Authors: Hoyt E. , De Moor E. , Findley K.O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The influence of microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steels for fastener applications is explored in this study. Space limiting applications in areas such as the automotive or agricultural industries provide a need for higher strength fasteners. Albeit, hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility typically increases with strength. Using a 9260 steel alloy, the influence of retained austenite volume fraction in a martensitic matrix was evaluated with microstructures generated via quenching and partitioning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the influence of retained austenite in the matrix with different quenching parameters. The quench temperatures varied from 160 °C up to 220 °C, and a constant partitioning temperature of 290 °C was employed for all quench and partitioned conditions. The target hardness for all testing conditions was 52-54 HRC. Slow strain rate tensile testing was conducted with cathodic hydrogen pre-charging that introduced a hydrogen concentration of 1.0-1.5 ppm to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of these various microstructures. The retained austenite volume fraction and carbon content varied with the initial quench temperature. Additionally, the lowest initial quench temperature employed, which had the highest austenite carbon content, had the greatest hydrogen embrittlement resistance for a hydrogen concentration level of 1.0-1.5 ppm.