bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis based on clustering algorithms
Authors: Gu Junfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article summarizes and evaluates the clustering effects of commonly used clustering algorithms on data sets with different density distributions. In this paper, circled datasets, different sized datasets, and Gaussian mixture datasets were designed as the typical datasets. Then, the K-means, Gaussian mixture clustering, DBSCAN, and Agglomerative clustering were developed to evaluate the clustering performance on these datasets. The results show that the DBSCAN is more stable when the density distributions of the data sets are not clear. Besides, the Agglomerative clustering that calculates the shortest distance can determine the type of data set. Moreover, it is not appropriate to use only a single clustering algorithm to analyze a Gaussian mixture dataset. It is recommended to use multiple clusters to process the dataset after preprocessing.
A Binary Logistic Regression Model to Unprosecuted Cases of Assisting a Cybercrime
Authors: Yadi Wang , Yuxin Bei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, there are more and more cases of assisting a cybercrime, and the cost of investigation is relatively high. After the suspects were brought back to the case, a large number of such cases were deemed non-prosecution for various reasons, which caused a certain waste of judicial resources. Through the empirical analysis of 100 non-prosecutions and 100 judgments of cases of assisting a cybercrime, this article explores the influencing factors of the review and prosecution results of such cases, and builds a binary logistic regression model to predict them, with a view to provide reference for the public security organs to better handle such cases.
Improved Hunting Search Algorithm for Web Service Composition Optimization
Authors: Wang Q J , Zhang Q L , Li J T , Song X Y , Liu Z Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development and application of Web services, the problem of Web service composition optimization based on Quality of Service (QoS) has become a research hotspot in the field of service computing. There are many researches on hunting search algorithm in continuous optimization problems, however, there are few researches using it to solve Web service composition optimization. In this paper, we propose an improvement on the hunting search algorithm (IHuS). It introduces an elite guidance strategy to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm, and at the same time it learns from the mutation strategy in the GA algorithm to improve the diversity of combined services. Compared with the standard HuS and GA algorithms, the experimental results demonstrate that IHuS has faster convergence speed and better optimization performance in solving large-scale Web service composition problems.
Abnormal resting state EEG power spectral in patients with tinnitus on different sides of the ear
Authors: Jia HaiYin , Li ZhaoBo , Wang XinZui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tinnitus is a symptom of sound perception in the absence of external sound stimulation, and most patients have unilateral tinnitus, with more tinnitus on the left than on the right. In this paper, the resting EEG data of 10 patients with binaural tinnitus, 10 patients with left tinnitus and 10 healthy controls were collected, and two 10-s segments of resting EEG data were intercepted from each group for approximately 10 min. The absolute and relative power was calculated by fast Fourier transform. The results showed that more frequency bands were significantly different in the left tinnitus patients compared to the bilateral tinnitus patients and the right tinnitus patients, and where significant differences were demonstrated, the absolute and relative power was higher in the Delta and Theta bands of the tinnitus patients than in the control group. In conclusion, these results compare the resting state EEG power spectrum abnormalities in patients with tinnitus on different sides with healthy controls from an electroencephalographic perspective, and are expected to be used as an evaluation criterion in the future to provide a more refined and precise treatment plan for patients with tinnitus on different sides and to improve the efficiency of treatment.
Regression Analysis of the Impact of Guangdong Province's Tertiary Industry on Export Trade Based on the Diamond Model
Authors: Peng Minjing , Liang Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the advent of the era of big data, data analysis can objectively explain many events and behaviors with scientific results. China is actively promoting the development of the service industry and opening up to the outside world. Guangdong is the largest foreign trade province. It is of great significance to analyze the impact of the tertiary industry on the export trade by means of data analysis. Based on Michael Porter diamond model, the data of six variables from 2010 to 2019 are selected under the collection of a large number of data, such as the number of employment in the tertiary industry, research and development expenditure. Unit root test and co-integration test are used to analyze.At last, using the method of stepwise regression, the regression equation model of Guangdong Province’s export trade volume under the influence of the tertiary industry is established. Through the model, it is concluded that the research expenditures and development level of the tertiary industry can significantly promote the export trade of goods in Guangdong Province, and then improve the competitiveness of export trade. In addition, this paper also stands on the perspective of the tertiary industry, for the development of commodity export trade in Guangdong Province to put forward relevant suggestions.
Decent living gaps and energy needs around the world
Authors: Kikstra Jarmo S , Mastrucci Alessio , Min Jihoon , Riahi Keywan , Rao Narasimha D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in defining what exactly constitutes “decent living standards” (DLS)—the material underpinnings of human well-being. We assess the gaps in providing decent health, shelter, nutrition, socialization, and mobility within countries, across the world. Our results show that more people are deprived of DLS than are income-poor, even when numbers are measured against medium income poverty thresholds. We estimate the cumulative energy needs for building out new infrastructure to support DLS provision for all by 2040 to be about 290 EJ, which amounts to less than three-quarters of current annual global energy demand, at the final energy level. The annual energy requirements to support decent living for the global population after 2040 is estimated to be 156 EJ yr−1. Present average energy demand levels in most countries exceed hypothetical DLS energy needs. Nevertheless, the required rate of increase in energy to provide decent living for all in the coming two decades would be unprecedented for many countries. Greater attention to equity would significantly reduce the need for growth. The per capita energy requirement of different countries to meet the same DLS levels varies by up to a factor of four due to differences in climate, urbanization, diets, and transport infrastructure. Transport energy dominates energy for decent living worldwide, while housing requirements dominate upfront energy investment needs. This study supports the claim that the increase in energy provision poverty eradication does not, in itself, pose a threat to mitigating climate change at a global scale. Distinguishing energy for affluence from energy for decent living could provide a basis for defining equitable access to sustainable development in energy terms.
Arctic amplification of climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms
Authors: Previdi Michael , Smith Karen L , Polvani Lorenzo M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Arctic amplification (AA)—referring to the enhancement of near-surface air temperature change over the Arctic relative to lower latitudes—is a prominent feature of climate change with important impacts on human and natural systems. In this review, we synthesize current understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that can give rise to AA. These mechanisms include both local feedbacks and changes in poleward energy transport. Temperature and sea ice-related feedbacks are especially important for AA, since they are significantly more positive over the Arctic than at lower latitudes. Changes in energy transport by the atmosphere and ocean can also contribute to AA. These energy transport changes are tightly coupled with local feedbacks, and thus their respective contributions to AA should not be considered in isolation. It is here emphasized that the feedbacks and energy transport changes that give rise to AA are sensitively dependent on the state of the climate system itself. This implies that changes in the climate state will lead to changes in the strength of AA, with implications for past and future climate change.
A Great Food for Children Base on Rinuak Shredded Fish (Psilopsis Sp)
Authors: Yuliana  , Rosalina Linda , Illahi Manvi Kurnia , Pramudia Heru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rinuak fish is an endemic fish in Lake Maninjau, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. Fresh fish quickly undergoes a process of decay due to changes due to the activity of certain enzymes. The nutritional status of children under five is closely related to food intake. Therefore, to extend the shelf life of rinuak fish, it is necessary to develop rinuak fish into shredded fish. The purpose of this study was to standardize formulas or recipes, to identify the quality, nutritional content, and preference levels of children under five to shredded rinuak. The formula standardization stage was carried out by eight expert validators in the fields of culinary, food, and nutrition. The results found are standard formulas or recipes, which were carried out through a validation process twice with three trials. The results of the quality of shredded rinuak obtained an average score on the color quality which was categorized as good enough, the shape quality was categorized as good enough, the aroma quality was categorized as very good, the texture quality was categorized as good, and the taste quality was categorized as good. The results showed that water content was 8.65%, fat 50.13%, protein 27.53%, carbohydrate 7.62%, ash content 6.57%, and Fe 33.5625 mg/kg. The results of the hedonic test data (preferences) of toddlers for shredded shows that children under five mostly like it
New insights into nonlinear optical effects in fullerene solutions—a detailed analysis of self-diffraction of continuous wave laser radiation
Authors: Dengler Stefanie , Azarian Adrian , Eberle Bernd 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM), i.e. the formation, temporal evolution and subsequent distortion of self-diffraction ring patterns, generated by transmitting a continuous wave 532 nm laser beam through solutions containing C60 or C70 has been investigated. The nonlinear optical response regarding SSPM of such systems was studied, to our knowledge for the first time, in dependence of various solvents, different sample temperatures and viscosities. The SSPM patterns consisted of a number of concentric rings, generated due to induced refractive index changes and start with a central spot, expanding into a series of concentric rings. The number of rings increases steadily and the ring pattern becomes larger with time until a maximum is reached. Thereafter, thermal convection leads to a distortion of the upper part of the ring system, while the lower part keeps its shape. The dependence of temporal and spatial evolution of self-diffraction ring pattern on different sample parameters and not only the functional material itself, leading to our conclusion that thermal effects are responsible for the observed SSPM. For further substantiation, measurements of C60 in toluene at a wavelength of 1070 nm have been carried out. At this wavelength no absorption occurs and no SSPM patterns were observed. Knowing that for ultashort pulses no significant thermal effects take place, we performed additional measurements at a pulse length of 8 ps and a wavelength of 527 nm. Also in this case no SSPM patterns were generated. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the involved physical processes, we developed a thermal blooming simulation: Thermally-induced refractive index changes and convection caused by locally heating of the solution by the laser beam were taken into account, any other nonlinear phenomena were left aside. A laser beam propagating through an absorbing solution generates similar ring structures under these conditions, what is in fully agreement with our experimental results. Additionally, as a practical application of SSPM a laser protection device is presented.
United States federal contracting and pollution prevention: how award type and facility characteristics affect adoption of source reduction techniques in four manufacturing sectors
Authors: Hill Dustin T , Petroni Michael , Collins Mary B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is reason to believe that hazardous emissions generated by industrial actors that have been awarded government contracts have different pollution prevention action patterns compared to those that have not been awarded government contracts. This is important because pollution prevention actions are a key inroad to alleviating environmental contamination generally and related human health effects. Specifically, we find that US-based industrial polluters tend to respond to Federal incentives to reduce costs by making efficiency improvements. Using publicly available purchasing, toxics release, and pollution prevention data from 2001 to 2012 for 458 081 transactions and 9910 facilities, we investigate the impact of contract award structure on facility environmental performance. We fit regression models to understand more about how the number of reported voluntary pollution prevention actions and reductions in total toxic chemical waste managed at each facility in terms of three types of contract awards. We find that industrial actors that have been awarded incentive contracts not only report more pollution prevention actions, but that these actions are more likely to result in significant pollution reduction. Results inform US Federal purchasing policy decisions and support earlier theoretical development at the intersection of ecological modernization, super-industrialization, and the role of government in facilitating transitions to green technology. In addition, greener purchasing decisions can have a broad impact on human health by reducing pollution in communities.
HoPhage: anab initiotool for identifying hosts of phage fragments from metaviromes
Authors: Tan Jie , Fang Zhencheng , Wu Shufang , Guo Qian , Jiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Huaiqiu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSummaryWe present HoPhage (Host of Phage) to identify the host of a given phage fragment from metavirome data at the genus level. HoPhage integrates two modules using a deep learning algorithm and a Markov chain model, respectively. HoPhage achieves 47.90% and 82.47% mean accuracy at the genus and phylum levels for ∼1-kb long artificial phage fragments when predicting host among 50 genera, representing 7.54–20.22% and 13.55–24.31% improvement, respectively. By testing on three real virome samples, HoPhage yields 81.11% mean accuracy at the genus level within a much broader candidate host range.Availability and implementationHoPhage is available at http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/HoPhage/data/Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Impact of Drug Approval Pathways for Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Crowley Eileen , Ma Christopher , Andic Marija , Feagan Brian G , Griffiths Anne M , Jairath Vipul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Timely access to approved medications is a priority in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. To date, the timing of drug studies in paediatric IBD has been suboptimal, with most studies conducted long after approval has been granted for adult IBD. This delay in approval leads to extensive off-label prescribing of medications in children, often without clear guidance on optimal dosing. The European Medicines Agency [EMA] and U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA] have implemented drug development frameworks in an attempt to address these challenges. However, access to information on these regulatory pathways in paediatric IBD is limited. We summarised the time from adult to paediatric approval of IBD therapies, outlining the regulatory approval pathway between the EMA and FDA, with the goal of identifying areas for improvement.

Methods
We reviewed publicly accessible data from the EMA and the FDA to identify therapeutic agents approved over 2005–2021 for paediatric IBD.

Results and Conclusions
Five drugs are currently approved for use in the paediatric IBD population, with long interval delays after adult approval. The impact of these drug development processes in paediatric IBD is awaited. Further consideration needs to be given to the age of enrolment along with novel, more efficient trial designs in an effort to improve access for paediatric IBD patients to newer therapies.
Clinical significance of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide ratio in the acute phase of acute heart failure
Authors: Sawatani Tomofumi , Shirakabe Akihiro , Okazaki Hirotake , Matsushita Masato , Shibata Yusaku , Shigihara Shota , Otsuka Yusuke , Kiuchi Kazutaka , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Hata Noritake , Shimizu Wataru , Asai Kuniya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are rarely evaluated simultaneously in the acute phase of acute heart failure (AHF).

Method and results
A total of 1207 AHF patients were enrolled, and 1002 patients were analysed. Blood samples were collected within 15 min of admission. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of the NT-proBNP/BNP ratio [low-NT-proBNP/BNP group (Group L) vs. high-NT-proBNP/BNP group (Group H)]. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that the C-reactive protein level (per 1-mg/dL increase), Controlling Nutrition Status score (per 1-point increase), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, per 10-mL/min/1.73 m2 increase) were independently associated with Group H [odds ratio (OR) 1.049, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.009–1.090, OR 1.219, 95% CI 1.140–1.304, and OR 1.543, 95% CI 1.401–1.698, respectively]. A Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that the prognosis was significantly poorer in Group H than in Group L, and a multivariate Cox regression model revealed Group H to be an independent predictor of 180-day mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.084, 95% CI 1.838–5.175] and HF events (HR 1.963, 95% CI 1.340–2.876). The same trend in the prognostic impact was significantly observed in the low-BNP (&lt;810 pg/mL, n = 501), high-BNP (≥810 pg/mL, n = 501), and low-eGFR (&lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 765) cohorts, and tended to be observed in normal-eGFR (≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 237) cohort.

Conclusion
A high NT-proBNP/BNP ratio was associated with a non-cardiac condition (e.g. inflammatory reaction, nutritional status, and renal dysfunction) and is independently associated with adverse outcomes in AHF.
A stent for branch pulmonary artery stenosis after double-lung transplantation in a patient with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Shang Xiaoke , Dong Nianguo , Shi Jiawei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a pandemic worldwide. Lung transplantation is the last option to increase life expectancy of end-stage COVID-19 patients. Branch pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is a rare complication after lung transplantation with an extremely poor prognosis. The current trend in the management of branch PAS is percutaneous balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation, rather than high-risk reoperation with a lower success rate.

Case summary
The subject was a 54-year-old male with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who underwent a double-lung transplantation. He suffered hypoxaemia and right heart dysfunction following the operation. Right cardiac catheterization and pulmonary angiography examination revealed severe stenosis of the right branch pulmonary artery. Due to immunosuppression and reduced coagulation function, the patient underwent pulmonary artery balloon dilatation and stent implantation, and ultimately recovered well.

Discussion
The combination of balloon dilatation and stent implantation is a good alternative to reoperation for patients with COVID-19.
A kinetic analysis of the aflatoxin detoxification potential of lactic acid bacteria in Terxine (a cereal-based food)
Authors: Pourmohammadi Kiana , Sohrabi Maryam , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Amiri Mohammad Javad 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazardous component that can seriously threaten the public health. Terxine is a component used in traditional soup and found in the western mountainous regions of Iran. Several microorganisms have been reported to bind or degrade aflatoxins (AFs) in foods and feeds. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Terxine fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum strains AF1 and LU5 on AFB1. Fermentation was carried out, and pH, lactic acid and AFB1 amount and microbial count were further determined. In addition, the kinetic experimental data of AFB1 by L. plantarum AF1 and LU5 (obtained at 37°C) were fitted to the zero-order, first-order and parabolic diffusion models. According to the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square of errors (RMSE), the zero-order model best described AF degradation. The growth of Lactobacillus strains was increased by the rise in the fermentation time; in this regard, the number of L. plantarum AF1 increased from 4.2 to 5.1 log cfu/g and that of L. plantarum LU5 increased from 4.1 to 5.2 log cfu/g in the first 8 h, reaching 7.2 and 7.4 log cfu/g in the next 8 h, respectively. The results also showed that the amount of lactic acid increased whereas the pH value decreased during the 24 h fermentation. Both microorganisms reduced the amount of AFB1 while L. plantarum AF1 was more effective. Therefore, L. plantarum strains AF1 and LU5 can be effectively used to reduce AFB1 in fermented foods.
A catalogue of signal molecules that interact with sensor kinases, chemoreceptors and transcriptional regulators
Authors: Matilla Miguel A , Velando Félix , Martín-Mora David , Monteagudo-Cascales Elizabet , Krell Tino 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBacteria have evolved many different signal transduction systems that sense signals and generate a variety of responses. Generally, most abundant are transcriptional regulators, sensor histidine kinases and chemoreceptors. Typically, these systems recognize their signal molecules with dedicated ligand-binding domains (LBDs), which, in turn, generate a molecular stimulus that modulates the activity of the output module. There are an enormous number of different LBDs that recognize a similarly diverse set of signals. To give a global perspective of the signals that interact with transcriptional regulators, sensor kinases and chemoreceptors, we manually retrieved information on the protein-ligand interaction from about 1,200 publications and 3D structures. The resulting 811 proteins were classified according to the Pfam family into 127 groups. These data permit a delineation of the signal profiles of individual LBD families as well as distinguishing between families that recognize signals in a promiscuous manner and those that possess a well-defined ligand range. A major bottleneck in the field is the fact that the signal input of many signaling systems is unknown. The signal repertoire reported here will help the scientific community design experimental strategies to identify the signaling molecules for uncharacterised sensor proteins.