bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians
Authors: Martin Franco Foresta , Rotolo Silvio G. , Nazzari Manuela , Carapezza Maria Luisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples.
In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we present thirty-one new electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses, including Cl, of geologic obsidians sampled from the four sources of the Central Mediterranean, exploited in prehistoric times (Monte Arci, Palmarola, Lipari and Pantelleria). The results are compared with 175 new EPMA analyses, including Cl, of archaeological obsidians already characterised in previous work and of known provenance. As such it was possible to ascertain that each source has a characteristic chlorine concentration, showing the utility of its use in the studies of obsidian provenance. Furthermore, given that the solubility of chlorine in silicate melts is correlated to its alkali content, in particular sodium, we assessed the efficacy of simple binary graphs Cl vs Na2O to better constrain the provenance of the obsidian samples.
Upper limb exercise with physical and virtual robots: Visual sensitivity affects task performance
Authors: Chevalier Pauline , Vasco Valentina , Willemse Cesco , De Tommaso Davide , Tikhanoff Vadim , Pattacini Ugo , Wykowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigated the influence of visual sensitivity on the performance of an imitation task with the robot R1 in its virtual and physical forms. Virtual and physical embodiments offer different sensory experience to the users. As all individuals respond differently to their sensory environment, their sensory sensitivity may play a role in the interaction with a robot. Investigating how sensory sensitivity can influence the interactions appears to be a helpful tool to evaluate and design such interactions. Here we asked 16 participants to perform an imitation task, with a virtual and a physical robot under conditions of full and occluded visibility, and to report the strategy they used to perform this task. We asked them to complete the Sensory Perception Quotient questionnaire. Sensory sensitivity in vision predicted the participants’ performance in imitating the robot’s upper limb movements. From the self-report questionnaire, we observed that the participants relied more on visual sensory cues to perform the task with the physical robot than on the virtual robot. From these results, we propose that a physical embodiment enables the user to invest a lower cognitive effort when performing an imitation task over a virtual embodiment. The results presented here are encouraging that following this line of research is suitable to improve and evaluate the effects of the physical and virtual embodiment of robots for applications in healthy and clinical settings.
Prominence conditioned transformation in metrical analysis
Authors: Frampton John 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Crowhurst and Michael (2005) develops an OT analysis of the complex word stress system of Nanti, an Amazonian language of the Kampa group. They claim that the difficulty of developing a transformational analysis of the system clearly demonstrates the superiority of OT. One goal of this paper is to show that their claim is false and the complexities of the system are well within the scope of transformational phonology; a straightforward analysis is possible. The second goal is to show how prominence can naturally be included in rule systems.
What he could have said (but did not say) about Gödel’s second theorem: A note on Floyd-Putnam’s Wittgenstein
Authors: Lajevardi Kaave 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In several publications, Juliet Floyd and Hilary Putnam have argued that the so-called ‘notorious paragraph’ of the Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics contains a valuable philosophical insight about Gödel’s informal proof of the first incompleteness theorem – in a nutshell, the idea they attribute to Wittgenstein is that if the Gödel sentence of a system is refutable, then, because of the resulting ω-inconsistency of the system, we should give up the translation of Gödel’s sentence by the English sentence “I am unprovable”.
I will argue against Floyd and Putnam’s use of the idea, and I will indirectly question its attribution to Wittgenstein. First, I will point out that the idea is inefficient in the context of the first incompleteness theorem because there is an explicit assumption of soundness in Gödel’s informal discussion of that theorem. Secondly, I will argue that of he who makes the observation that Floyd and Putnam think Wittgenstein has made about the first theorem, one will expect to see an analogous observation (concerning the ‘consistency’ statement of systems) about Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem – yet we see nothing to that effect in Wittgenstein’s remarks. Incidentally, that never-made remark on the import of the second theorem is of genuine logical significance.
‏ ‎This short paper is a by-product of the lecture I gave, as an invited speaker, at the Fourth Annual Conference of the Iranian Association for Logic, 2016. I am grateful to Saeed Salehi for an ongoing and productive discussion on different aspects of Gödel’s 1931 paper, and to Ali Masoudi and Mousa Mohammadian for all the friendly and brotherly support. I’d like to dedicate this paper to the memory of my teacher, John V. Canfield (1934 – 2017).
The Interpretation of Probability in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Authors: Ongaro Malvina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I propose an assessment of the interpretation of the mathematical notion of probability that Wittgenstein presents in TLP (1963: 5.15 – 5.156). I start by presenting his definition of probability as a relation between propositions. I claim that this definition qualifies as a logical interpretation of probability, of the kind defended in the same years by J. M. Keynes. However, Wittgenstein’s interpretation seems prima facie to be safe from two standard objections moved to logical probability, i. e. the mystic nature of the postulated relation and the reliance on Laplace’s principle of indifference. I then proceed to evaluate Wittgenstein’s idea against three criteria for the adequacy of an interpretation of probability: admissibility, ascertainability, and applicability. If the interpretation is admissible on Kolmogorov’s classical axiomatisation, the problem of ascertainability brings up a difficult dilemma. Finally, I test the interpretation in the application to three main contexts of use of probabilities. While the application to frequencies rests ungrounded, the application to induction requires some elaboration, and the application to rational belief depends on ascertainability.
The Benefits Outweigh the Costs: Divine Benefaction and Human Obedience in 2Cor 6,1–7,2
Authors: Land Christopher D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
When 2Cor 6,1–13 and 7,2 are viewed primarily as self-defence intended to facilitate reconciliation, it is likely that 6,14–7,1 will be handled as a digression or an interpolation. But when 6,1–13 and 7,2 are read as part of an appeal for obedience directed at reluctant readers, the appearance of purity exhortations in 6,14–7,1 becomes predictable given everything we know about the Corinthians. Leveraging a careful re-reading of 6,12–14, the present essay argues that 6,14–7,1 should be viewed as central to this section of 2 Corinthians, and Paul’s defensiveness in the surrounding text should be interpreted first and foremost in relation to objections to his purity policies.
Passive Motor Learning: Oculomotor Adaptation in the Absence of Behavioral Errors
Authors: Cain Matan , Botschko Yehudit , Joshua Mati 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotor adaptation is commonly thought to be a trial-and-error process in which the accuracy of movement improves with repetition of behavior. We challenged this view by testing whether erroneous movements are necessary for motor adaptation. In the eye movement system, the association between movements and errors can be disentangled, since errors in the predicted stimulus trajectory can be perceived even without movements. We modified a smooth pursuit eye movement adaptation paradigm in which monkeys learn to make an eye movement that predicts an upcoming change in target direction. We trained the monkeys to fixate on a target while covertly, an additional target initially moved in one direction and then changed direction after 250 ms. The monkeys showed a learned response to infrequent probe trials in which they were instructed to follow the moving target. Additional experiments confirmed that probing learning or residual eye movements during fixation did not drive learning. These results show that motor adaptation can be elicited in the absence of movement and provide an animal model for studying the implementation of passive motor learning. Current models assume that the interaction between movement and error signals underlies adaptive motor learning. Our results point to other mechanisms that may drive learning in the absence of movement.
Altered Activity of Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Neurons in Mice following Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Gioia D. A. , Woodward J. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC) is thought to encode information associated with consumption of rewarding substances and is essential for flexible decision-making. Indeed, firing patterns of LOFC neurons are modulated following changes in reward value associated with an action outcome relationship. Damage to the LOFC impairs behavioral flexibility in humans and is associated with suboptimal performance in reward devaluation protocols in rodents. As chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure also impairs OFC-dependent behaviors, we hypothesized that CIE exposure would alter LOFC neuronal activity during alcohol drinking, especially under conditions when the reward value of ethanol was modulated by aversive or appetitive tastants. To test this hypothesis, we monitored LOFC activity using GCaMP6f fiber photometry in mice receiving acute injections of ethanol and in those trained in operant ethanol self-administration. In naive mice, an acute injection of ethanol caused a dose-dependent decrease in the frequency but not amplitude of GCaMP6f transients. In operant studies, mice were trained on a fixed ratio one schedule of reinforcement and were then separated into CIE or Air groups. Following four cycles of CIE exposure, GCaMP6f activity was recorded during self-administration of alcohol, alcohol+quinine (aversive), or alcohol+sucrose (appetitive) solutions. LOFC neurons showed discrete patterns of activity surrounding lever presses and surrounding drinking bouts. Responding for and consumption of ethanol was greatly enhanced by CIE exposure, was aversion resistant, and was associated with signs of LOFC hyperexcitability. CIE-exposed mice also showed altered patterns of LOFC activity that varied with the ethanol solution consumed.
IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM FOOD BY TWO METHODS
Authors: Regecová Ivana , Výrostková Jana , Zigo František , Pipová Monika , Jevinová Pavlina , Demjanová Soňa 
Published: February 2021

One hundred and ninety-three staphylococcal strains were isolated from samples of alaska pollock meat (Theragra chalcogramma), atlantic mackerel meat (Scomber scombrus), atlantic herring meat (Clupea harengus), and femoral muscle samples of the wild pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and bryndza cheese. Phenotypic manifestations typical of individual staphylococcal species were detected in these isolates. Species identification was also performed by matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-mass-spectrometry on the basis of which 5 species of staphylococci were determined: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, S. warneri. Subsequently, the presence of the 16S rDNA gene was confirmed by PCR assay; a specific sequence for S. aureus species; putative transcriptional regulator gene serp0107, a specific sequence of the sodA gene was used to identify S. epidermidis and to identify S. warneri, S. haemolyticus, S. capitis species. When comparing the results of identification by PCR assay and matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-mass-spectrometry, the identification at the genus level was identical in all cases (100%). However, the discrepancies in results were confirmed at the species level, where congruence for identification of isolates by PCR assay and matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-mass-spectrometry was only 80%. For these isolates, the score value ranged from 1.953 to 2.564.
SPECIES-DEPENDENT 5’-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL FORMATION IN SLOWLY DRIED FRUITS
Authors: Dzugan Malgorzata , Tomczyk Monika , Miłek Michał , Sowa Patrycja , Wojtuszek Zuzanna , Pasternakiewicz Anna , Zaguła Grzegorz 
Published: February 2021

The aim of the work was to determine 5-hydoxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in fruit samples dried by slow convective method. Additionally, the nutritional value, mineral composition and antioxidant activity were investigated as parameters confirming the quality of the product. Seven different kinds of dried fruits certified as ecological products (apricot, gooseberry, cherry, cornel, blackcurrant, plum and apple) were tested. Analysis covered: reducing sugars, protein content, moisture content, energy value, antioxidant activity, total phenolics content, mineral composition and HMF content (chromatographic and spectrophotometric method). Samples were abundant in reducing sugars (25-51% of dry weight), protein (1.0-5.4%), minerals (Ca, K, Fe, Mg) and were heavy metals-free. The strongest antioxidant activity for blackcurrant and the weakest for dried apple were observed. The highest average content of HMF was found in blackcurrant fruits (3102.2 mg/kg), while the lowest in apple (75.6 mg/kg). Results obtained by Winkler’s and HPLC methods were strongly correlated (r = 0.976). It was found that applied slow convective drying method provide to obtain dried fruits rich in health-promoting properties and HMF quantified in examined fruits was found on the safety level for recommended daily consumption.
GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ANALYSIS OF URBAN SLOPE INSTABILITY IN THE CITY OF ARACAJU - BRAZIL
Authors: Gaspar Santos Neta Belaniza , De Freitas Neto Osvaldo , Hilario Cavalcante Erinaldo 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a risk analysis of mass movements in 16 slopes in the city of Aracaju, capital of the state of Sergipe, Brazil, using a qualitative method. Geotechnical characterization of soils from of slopes selected for analysis of stability was carried using the OptumG2® software developed by Optum Computational Engineering using the Strength Reduction Method (SRM) to obtain the safety factor. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic analysis, associating subjective landslide risk studies with rational studies on slope stability analysis. It was found that 50% of the slopes analyzed exhibited a high or very high degree of risk, justifying the landslide risk management policies in the city. Moreover, stability analyses produced coherent results in terms of slope stability, whereby slopes with high and very high risk were classified as unstable, while the slope deemed to be stable presents medium risk of mass movements.
DETERMINAÇÃO DA CONCENTRAÇÃO INIBITÓRIA MÍNIMA DE CONSERVANTES ALIMENTARES PARA O CONTROLE DE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
Authors: FERREIRA RAFAELA DIAS , SOARES RODRIGO DE ARAÚJO , CARVALHO LUCIANA ALVES DE , SILVA GABRIELA AYALA DA , OLIVEIRA CRISTIANE AYALA DE , SILVA GLÁUCIA ALVES E 
Published: February 2021

A Salmonella é uma bactéria patogênica responsável por gastroenterites, sendo o principal agente de doenças de origem alimentar em várias partes do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Visando inibir seu crescimento, pode-se utilizar conservantes como metabissulfito, bissulfito e benzoato de sódio, e o sorbato de potássio, que são amplamente empregados na preservação de alimentos. Estudos utilizando esses aditivos para inibição da Salmonella Typhimurium são escassos e, devido à sua importância para a segurança alimentar, objetivou-se determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) dos conservantes, a fim de fornecer mais informações sobre a resistência da bactéria. Nas condições do experimento, os conservantes metabissulfito e bissulfito de sódio apresentaram maior atividade antimicrobiana contra a S. Typhimurium, ambos com CIM de 1.250 ?g.mL-1. Já os conservantes benzoato de sódio e sorbato de potássio necessitaram do dobro da quantidade para inibi-la, apresentando CIM de 2.500 ?g.mL-1 e 2.300 ?g.mL-1, respectivamente. Concentrações tão elevadas de conservantes se devem às condições do experimento, principalmente em relação ao pH do meio de cultura (pH ~ 7,3), já que estes conservantes são mais efetivos em condições ácidas.
PADRÃO DE QUALIDADE DA SILAGEM DE SORGO (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) ASSOCIADO AO NEEM (Azadirachta indica)
Authors: Barreto Hilton Felipe Marinho , Souza Cicília Maria Silva de , Rodrigues Breno Noronha , Rodrigues Terceiro Francisco da Costa , Soares Maria Mariana de Freitas , Jesus Paloma Priscila Costa de 
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as características de silagem confeccionadas com forragem de sorgo associada as folhas do neem em diferentes níveis de substituição. O experimento foi realizado no IFRN – Campus Apodi. O sorgo utilizado foi da variedade BRS Ponta Negra consorciado com a forragem do neem (folhas e pecíolos). Foram confeccionados 48 minissilos, preenchidos com as matérias-primas previamente trituradas, sendo abertos aos 28 e 35 dias após a ensilagem, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com os cinco níveis de substituição das folhas do neem (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%) e um do neem com associação de melaço (100% + M), sendo 4 repetições. Analisando os resultados obtidos para matéria seca (MS) tem-se que a mesma sofreu influência a medida que aumentava os níveis de substituição. O teor de proteína bruta (PB) aumentou de acordo com o aumento do nível de substituição do sorgo pelo neem. Quanto ao teor de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN) percebe que os níveis de substituição 50; 75 e 100% de neem, além dos 100% neem + melaço, aos 28 dias de armazenamento não diferiram estatisticamente. As temperaturas das silagens foram influenciadas pelo nível de substituição de sorgo pelo neem aos 28 dias. Para o pH não foi observado diferença significativa evidenciando uma boa qualidade de silagem se mantendo na média de 3,51 a 4,15. Portanto, a substituição da forragem de sorgo pelo neem deve ser utilizada até o nível de 25%, assim como se pode ensilar o neem associado a 5% de melaço, aos 35 dias de armazenamento, pois a composição química foi considerada satisfatória, configurando-se como uma alternativa que pode ser usada na alimentação dos ruminantes.
ENTOMOFAUNA VISITANTE FLORAL DE Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud. EM ALCÂNTARAS, CEARÁ
Authors: Albuquerque Jaqueline Lopes , Figueiredo Marlene Feliciano , Souza Elnatan Bezerra , Braga Petronio Emanuel Timbo , Alves José Everton 
Published: February 2021

A família Boraginaceae é encontrada nas regiões temperadas e tropicais. No Brasil ocorrem 11 gêneros e cerca de 120 espécies, e dentre estas destaca-se Cordia trichotoma de ampla distribuição no território brasileiro, sendo encontrada nas regiões Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste. Objetivou-se contribuir para o melhor entendimento da ecologia dessa planta e identificar os seus potencias insetos visitantes, bem como verificar horários de maior visitação durante o período diurno. Trata-se de um trabalho pioneiro para o estado do Ceará, que foi realizado na zona rural no município de Alcântaras, ao longo do mês de junho de 2017. Foram realizadas seis coletas em diferentes dias aleatórios nas quais coletaram-se 253 insetos em todos os períodos de observação e indivíduos selecionados, sendo coletados espécimes pertencentes a quatro Ordens: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera e Lepidoptera. A maioria dos insetos coletados pertenceu à Ordem Hymenoptera (90,51%). Este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento dos insetos que, localmente, são visitantes florais desta espécie, com destaque para os himenópteros, representados pela expressiva quantidade de abelhas, principalmente Apis mellifera, espécie exótica domesticada e amplamente distribuída pelo Brasil.
PROCESSO EDUCATIVO NA SAÚDE: COMO TORNAR “VIVO” O ENSINO NOS AMBIENTES VIRTUAIS DE APRENDIZAGEM, EM UM MOMENTO DE PANDEMIA?
Authors: Einloft Fernanda Miranda Seixas , Dornfeld Dinara , Soster Cecilia Biasibetti , Ferreira Michele da Rosa 
Published: February 2021

A pandemia pela COVID-19 e a recomendação do isolamento social/espacial impuseram a suspensão das aulas presenciais, afetando as instituições de ensino no país. Porém, as escolas de formação em saúde se viram pressionadas a manterem a formação para atender às demandas dos serviços por profissionais. Este trabalho visa relatar a experiência de adaptação do processo de formação, da modalidade presencial para a não presencial, de um Curso Técnico em Enfermagem. Esta escrita surgiu da iniciativa de convergir uma abordagem teórico metodológica já utilizada no campo da saúde, “o trabalho vivo em ato” de Merhy, com os pressupostos sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, de Paulo Freire. Foi urgente às docentes do curso a busca pela formação e o conhecimento sobre os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. As reflexões que emergiram, a partir dessa experiência concluíram que a contemporaneidade e o acesso facilitado às tecnologias da informação demandam um reposicionamento docente e discente em relação a elas. Qualquer que seja a metodologia utilizada em processos de ensino e aprendizagem, os melhores resultados foram encontrados naquelas que proporcionaram a construção do conhecimento de forma coletiva e dialógica. A convivência física, não sendo possível em um momento de isolamento espacial, foi substituída por ferramentas que possibilitaram o “convívio virtual” entre docentes e discentes.
DESENHO AVALIATIVO POR RUBRICAS EM DISCIPLINA MULTICURSO: ANÁLISE DE UMA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO PILOTO
Authors: Blass Leandro , Brasil Irala Valesca 
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho, analisamos o design e a implementação de rubricas de avaliação (Brookhart, 2013; Howell,2014) na disciplina de graduação de Cálculo Numérico. A metodologia é qualitativa, a partir da perspectiva do self-study, pautada pela estratégia do critical friend (Cornejo, 2016; Sandretto, 2016; Schuck & Russell, 2016; Butler et al., 2011). Como resultado, apresentamos as quatro rubricas desenvolvidas e implementadas e suas implicações de natureza situada; depois, discutimos em que proporção se mostraram válidas para atender as demandas do professor, bem como vislumbramos novas reflexões em relação ao processo avaliativo, a fim de qualificá-lo. Como conclusão, validamos a reflexão fundamentada e a ação baseada em reflexão para conduzir (re)configurações no plano micro (a sala de aula), podendo repercutir, a médio e longo prazo, em alterações nos planos meso e macro. Também, buscamos contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que utilizem a estratégia do critical friends na formação continuada no Ensino Superior.