bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Geometry and Function in Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Overt Cardiac Symptoms
Authors: Amusa GA , Uguru SU , Awokola BI 
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of morbidity/mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Echocardiography can detect changes in cardiac geometry/function before overt CVD symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) geometry and function in normotensive/hypertensive patients with T2DM without overt cardiac symptoms. A cross-sectional study in which fifty normotensives and fifty hypertensive adults with DM without overt cardiac symptoms were enrolled from the cardiology/diabetes clinics of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in a simple random manner. Relevant history, physical examination and biochemical investigations were performed. 12-lead electrocardiography and echocardiograph assessment of LV geometry and function were also performed. Data was analyzed using Epi-info 7 statistical software; p value < 0.05 was considered significant. There were 27 females and 29 females in both groups. The prevalence of abnormal LV geometry was 36.0%, 95% CI 33.2-38.8% and 58.0%, 95% CI 55.2-60.8% in the normotensive and hypertensive groups respectively, P=0.028. Similarly, the prevalence of LV dysfunction was 38.0%, 95%CI 35.2-40.8% and 62.0%, 95%CI 59.2-64.8% respectively, P=0.017. The independent predictors of LV dysfunction were found to be duration of diabetes (OR 7.74, 95%CI 4.46-10.46), duration of hypertension ≥5years (OR 4.15, 95%CI 4.01-9.27), smoking (OR 4.34, 95%CI 1.32-6.23), body mass index ≥25 (OR 5.53, 95%CI 1.38-2.09) and glycosylated haemoglobin ≥7 (OR 7.11, 95%CI 2.15-0.81). There is high prevalence of LV dysfunction/abnormal LV geometry in T2DM patients without overt cardiac symptoms; co-morbid hypertension worsens these abnormalities. Early and periodic echocardiography is recommended with appropriate intervention in these patients.
GÜNÜMÜZ SANATINDA DEĞİŞEN GALERİ ORTAMI BAĞLAMINDA MEKAN-DOĞA ETKİLEŞİMİ
Authors: ERTUĞRUL TOMSUK Esra , YÜCEL Banu 
Published: March 2021

Sanat, ilkel dönemden günümüze kadarki zaman dilimi içinde toplumsal olaylardan da etkilenerek sürekli bir değişim içindedir. Sanatla birlikte, sanatın sergileme biçimleri de aynı doğrultuda değişmiştir.
Galeri mekânının geleneksel sergileme biçimleri, piyasayla kurduğu ilişki, dayatmacı estetik kuralları ve mükemmelliyetçi duvarları postmodernizm ile eleştirilen ve sanatçılar tarafından dönüştürülen bir mekân haline gelmiştir.
1960’larda sanat alanında yaşanan bu tepkisel kırılmaların sonucunda ortaya çıkan Arazi Sanatı bu anlayışın bir simgesi haline gelmiştir. Sanatçılar galeri mekânlarından uzaklaşarak atölyelerini doğaya taşıyarak geniş arazi parçalarını, zaman zaman da doğada bulunan malzemelerle galeri mekânını düzenlemişlerdir.
Bu süreçte doğa-sanat-mekân iç içe geçmiş, geçirdiği evrimleşme süreci ile beyaz küp yeni bir mecraya dönüşmüştür. Günümüzde gerçekleştirilen mekânın duvarlarını iten ve mekândan taşan ve doğa güçleri ile ortak çalışarak, meydan okuyan işler ile sanatçılar; sanatın neliği, bir sanat sergisinin ne olabileceği ve bir sanat kurumunun ne kadar ileri gitmeye hazır olduğu gibi sorulara dair sınırları zorlayan cevaplar aramışlardır.
Bu çalışmada; sanat, tarihsel süreçte galeri mekânının değişimi ve sanat kurumları ile sanatçı ilişkisi irdelenmiş, geleneksel galeri algısıyla bir hesaplaşmaya giren sanatçıların süreç içerisindeki sınırları zorlayan eylemleri güncel işler üzerinden örneklenmiştir.
Epidemiological Profile of In-Hospital Deaths in a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A 3-Year Retrospective Study in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Chourasia Sachin , Dhaka Shivani , Rautji Ravi , Radhakrishna KV 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim
The knowledge of specific contributors to mortality is crucial for the improvement of health of the community. Globally, medical certificate of cause of death is used for gathering epidemiological statistics. Our study examines the mortality pattern with sociodemographic characteristics of in-hospital deaths, which occurred at a tertiary health care center in Maharashtra.

Materials and methods
This study is a descriptive retrospective study in which 1,000 medical certification of cause of death forms (n = 1000) filled at a tertiary care hospital between Aug 2016 and Aug 2019 were analyzed.

Results
Total 64.5% of cases were males and 35.5% were females. About 42% were elderly (60–80 years). About 23% of the deaths were due to “diseases of the circulatory system.” The highest number of cases died within the first 10 days of admission. The “diseases of circulatory system” was the commonest group causing deaths in “brief” hospital stay ((<10 days), “diseases of digestive system” in “short” (10 days–1 month), “neoplasia” in “long” (1–3 months), and “diseases of nervous system” in “prolong” hospital stay (>3 months).

Conclusion
The mortality rate among males was more than twice of females and maximum deaths were observed in the geriatric age group. The chief causes of mortality overall and among both males and females individually were the diseases of the circulatory system among which, the cerebrovascular diseases accounted for highest number of cases. Overall demographic data were comparable to observations from various national and international studies.

Clinical significance
Cause-specific mortality statistics are routinely required by policy makers, researchers, and other professionals for decision-making for resource allocation, monitoring of health indicators, and identifying priorities for health initiatives. Availability of data remains limited and inadequate in many countries. Studies on in-hospital deaths are needed to identify mortality indicators in different regions and channel public health initiatives in the right direction.

How to cite this article
Chourasia S, Dhaka S, Rautji R, et al. Epidemiological Profile of In-Hospital Deaths in a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A 3-Year Retrospective Study in Western Maharashtra. J Med Acad 2020;3(2):38–42.
Role of Tissue Glue in Overlay Tympanoplasty vs Conventional Overlay Method
Authors: Das Avinash , Pimparkar Surendra V , Sethi Ashwani , Joshi Himanshu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this research is to study the role of tissue glue (TISSEL) in overlay tympanoplasty when compared with the conventional overlay method.Study designA prospective randomized comparative study was carried out at the ENT department of Base Hospital, Delhi, in which 60 patients with dry central perforation underwent overlay tympanoplasty. Out of these, 30 underwent conventional overlay tympanoplasty (control) and in the rest of the 30, overlay tympanoplasty was done with the use of tissue glue (cases).ResultsGraft take-up rate in control is 90% and in cases 96.7% (p> 0.05). Hearing improvement within 20 dB of A–B gap (at 03 months) in control is 86.70 and 96.70% in cases (p> 0.05). Early hearing improvement (at 6 weeks) in cases was better when compared with the control (p< 0.05). The complication rate in cases is 10% with residual perforation in 01 patient, while that in control is 16.66% with residual perforation in 03 patients (p> 0.05).ConclusionGraft take-up rate in hearing improvement was found to be better in overlay tympanoplasty with the use of tissue glue when compared with the conventional method with no statistically significant difference. The only significant advantage with the TISSEL group was found to be an early hearing improvement at 6 weeks. Tissue glue (TISSEL) was found to be safe and effective.How to cite this articlePimparkar SV, Sethi A, Das A,et al.Role of Tissue Glue in Overlay Tympanoplasty vs Conventional Overlay Method. J Med Acad 2020;3(2):33–37.
Pharmacovigilance: Perspectives in India
Authors: Gupte Dr Novy , Pradhan Sapna 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Adverse drug reactions are a significant burden on the health system across the world. Paradoxically, a considerable chunk of ADRs is missed or not reported on account of avoidable reasons, resulting in bottlenecks in carrying out the proper management. This problem is much more evident in India and other resource-limited communities than in the prosperous countries of the West.

Aim and objective
To provide a state-of-the-art update on pharmacovigilance with special reference to perspectives in India and make appropriate recommendations for improving ADR reporting.

Design
The contents are based on a review of English medical literature augmented with the author's first-hand experience in the field over the past more than a decade.

Results
Well-organized pharmacovigilance started in India with the launching of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India in 2010. Despite it making a perceptible improvement in ADR reporting, high underreporting of ADRs still prevails. The yet greater thrust on inculcating awareness comprising knowledge attitudes and practices among the healthcare professionals is likely to lead to further improvement in ADR reporting, resulting in augmentation of the safe use of drugs.

Conclusion
Pharmacovigilance, a mandatory drug safety activity, needs to be propagated with yet greater vigor among healthcare professionals in India.

How to cite this article
Gupte N, Pradhan S. Pharmacovigilance: Perspectives in India. J Med Acad 2020;3(2):59–62.
Inverse modelling of carbonyl sulfide: implementation, evaluation and implications for the global budget
Authors: Ma Jin , Kooijmans Linda M. J. , Cho Ara , Montzka Stephen A. , Glatthor Norbert , Worden John R. , Kuai Le , Atlas Elliot L. , Krol Maarten C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has the potential to be used as a climate diagnostic due to its close coupling to the biospheric uptake of CO2 and its role in the formation of stratospheric aerosol. The current understanding of the COS budget, however, lacks COS sources, which have previously been allocated to the tropical ocean. This paper presents a first attempt at global inverse modelling of COS within the 4-dimensional variational data-assimilation system of the TM5 chemistry transport model (TM5-4DVAR) and a comparison of the results with various COS observations. We focus on the global COS budget, including COS production from its precursors carbon disulfide (CS2) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS). To this end, we implemented COS uptake by soil and vegetation from an updated biosphere model (Simple Biosphere Model – SiB4). In the calculation of these fluxes, a fixed atmospheric mole fraction of 500 pmol mol−1 was assumed. We also used new inventories for anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions. The model framework is capable of closing the COS budget by optimizing for missing emissions using NOAA observations in the period 2000–2012. The addition of 432 Gg a−1 (as S equivalents) of COS is required to obtain a good fit with NOAA observations. This missing source shows few year-to-year variations but considerable seasonal variations. We found that the missing sources are likely located in the tropical regions, and an overestimated biospheric sink in the tropics cannot be ruled out due to missing observations in the tropical continental boundary layer. Moreover, high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere require extra COS uptake or reduced emissions. HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) aircraft observations, NOAA airborne profiles from an ongoing monitoring programme and several satellite data sources are used to evaluate the optimized model results. This evaluation indicates that COS mole fractions in the free troposphere remain underestimated after optimization. Assimilation of HIPPO observations slightly improves this model bias, which implies that additional observations are urgently required to constrain sources and sinks of COS. We finally find that the biosphere flux dependency on the surface COS mole fraction (which was not accounted for in this study) may substantially lower the fluxes of the SiB4 biosphere model over strong-uptake regions. Using COS mole fractions from our inversion, the prior biosphere flux reduces from 1053 to 851 Gg a−1, which is closer to 738 Gg a−1 as was found by Berry et al. (2013). In planned further studies we will implement this biosphere dependency and additionally assimilate satellite data with the aim of better separating the role of the oceans and the biosphere in the global COS budget.
Role of Political Participation in Women’s Empowerment at Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Jan Azizullah , Hussain Muhammad , Khan Ihsan Ullah , Ali Abid 
Published: March 2021

Political participation one of the important factor of empowerment and creates awareness among females about their rights in a society. The current study was carried out on “The role of political participationinwomen’s empowerment at Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”.sample size for the data collection was 200 respondents. Data were collected from 200 respondents while applying the criteria designed by Sekaran, aging of the respondents (15-49) who were belonging to two union councils: Behlola and Mohammad Nari of district Charsadda through simple random sampling technique. The interview schedule was used for the data collection. Structured and semi-structured questions were included in the interview schedule. After collection, the data were processed through SPSS and tabulated as well as presented in percentages and frequencies for better understanding. Chi-square test was used for measuring the association between independent variable and dependent variables. The study findings suggested that change in female formal literacy can transfer about better awareness and self-confidence. The study also recommends the significant involvement of government and non-government agencies for activating women clusters, as well as increasing women awareness level, political participation awareness, and learning skills. The study findings suggested that a woman leader can better empower women in the future, as well as a female candidate, can better solve their problems as compared to male.
TECNOCIÊNCIA, INDUSTRIALIZAÇÃO E PESQUISA NA FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO RADICAL DO CAPITALISMO E DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis , Eleutério Fargoni Everton Henrique 
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste na problematização do processo de globalização, de mercantilização da universidade estatal brasileira no contexto que tende de forma acentuada a transformar a universidade, retirando-lhe a crítica, e reduzindo a Ciência à tecnociência, colocando-a como parte da economia mundial, fundindo ainda mais o capital financeiro ao industrial. Busca-se compreender este evento como parte do processo de financeirização do capitalismo que culminou na desvalorização do valor-trabalho.
Chosen Blindness or a Revelation of the Truth?
Authors: Verhesschen Katrien , Fijnaut Cyrille 
Published: March 2021

Chosen Blindness or a Revelation of the Truth? A New Procedure for Revision in Belgium
The Belgian Code of criminal procedure provides the possibility to revise final criminal convictions. This procedure had remained more or less untouched for 124 years, but was finally reformed by the Act of 2018, after criticism was voiced in legal doctrine concerning its narrow scope and possible appearances of partiality and prejudice. The Act of 2018 therefore broadened the third ground for revision, the so-called novum, and defined it as an element that was unknown to the judge during the initial proceedings and impossible for the convicted person to demonstrate at that time and that, alone or combined with evidence that was gathered earlier, seems incompatible with the conviction, thus creating a strong suspicion that, if it had been known, it would have led to a more favourable outcome. Thereby, this ground for revision is no longer limited to factual circumstances, but also includes changed appreciations by experts. To counter appearances of partiality and prejudice, the Act of 2018 created the Commission for revision in criminal matters, a multidisciplinary body that has to give non-binding advice to the Court of Cassation on the presence of a novum. However, the legislature also introduced new hurdles on the path to revision, such as the requirement for the applicant to add pieces that demonstrate the ground for revision in order for his or her request to be admissible. For that reason, the application in practice will have to demonstrate whether the Act of 2018 made the revision procedure more accessible in reality.
Innoveren door te reguleren: een bespreking van het rapport inzake de regulering van AI
Authors: van de Ven S.W. 
Published: March 2021

Innoveren door te reguleren: een bespreking van het rapport inzake de regulering van AI
Recentelijk heeft het Europees Parlement een voorstel voor een verordening gepubliceerd ten aanzien van de regulering van artificial intelligence (AI). Dit artikel bespreekt de bepalingen en implicaties van het voorstel en geeft daarmee een inkijk in Europese AI-regelgeving die in het verschiet ligt.
Articulação entre a atenção primária e hospitalar em Portugal: desafio para a gestão da saúde
Authors: Nunes Alexandre Morais , Matos Andreia Afonso de 
Published: March 2021

A boa resposta dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde em articulação com os serviços hospitalares é um dos principais objetivos de qualquer sistema de saúde. Em Portugal, encontrou-se uma solução que passou pela interação de ambos numa mesma administração. Este estudo apresenta a experiência portuguesa, seus resultados e a perspectiva dos gestores em relação ao sucesso e à reprodução do modelo. Realizou-se uma análise estatística dos resultados e um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com a participação de vinte gestores hospitalares do Serviço Nacional de Saúde. Os dados discursivos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Como resultados se verificou que os gestores consideram que a articulação melhorou o acesso, aumentou a qualidade e a eficiência de ambos os níveis de cuidados.
Homo patiens: implicações filosófico-teológicas da experiência do sofrimento
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia Maria Rocha de 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar, a partir de uma leitura de Paul Ricoeur, a experiência do sofrimento como enigma para a razão e desafio para a fé. Os males éticos e religiosos, compreendidos como transgressão e pecado, estão relacionados a uma atitude ativa, a um fazer. O sofrimento inocente, ao contrário, deve ser pensado a partir da perspectiva da vítima. Como justificar a dor de inocentes vítimas de catástrofes, de doenças incuráveis, de violência? É possível, por exemplo, conferir sentido à experiência do sofrimento de famílias que perdem a luta contra o COVID-19? Se Deus é justo por que ele permite que os inocentes sofram? Com o objetivo de pensar a respeito destas questões dividirei este texto em duas partes. Na primeira, apresentarei como Paul Ricoeur compreende o problema do mal a partir de três dimensões: a ética da transgressão, a religiosa do pecado e a dimensão do sofrimento inocente. Na segunda, mostrarei de que modo Ricoeur pensa o sofrimento como desafio. Para Ricoeur, como veremos, a dialética tradicional não é capaz de conferir significado ao sofrimento inocente. O problema do mal exige a convergência entre pensamento e ação, e a transformação espiritual dos sentimentos. Esta transformação deve conduzir a amar a Deus de modo desinteressado. Ela pressupõe compreensão específica da relação entre amor e justiça
Applications of Rare Earth Metals in Al-Si Cast Alloys
Authors: Gamal Mahmoud Mohamed , Zedan Yasser , Samuel Agnes-Marie , Songmene Victor , W. Doty Herebert , H. Samuel Fawzy 
Published: March 2021

The present article reviews a large number of research publications on the effect of mischmetal (MM), rare earth metals (RE), La or Ce, and combinations of La + Ce on the performance of Al-Si cast alloys mainly 319, 356, 380, 413, and 390 alloys. Most of these articles focused on the use of rare earth metals as a substitute for strontium (Sr) as a eutectic silicon (Si) modifier if added in low percentage (< 1 wt.%) to avoid precipitation of a significant amount of insoluble intermetallics and hence poor mechanical properties. Other points that were considered were the affinity of RE to react with Sr., reducing its effectiveness as modifier, as well as the grain refining efficiency of the added RE in any form. None of these articles mentioned the exact composition of the RE used and percentage of tramp elements inherited from the parent ore. Using high purity La or Ce proved to have no effect on the Si shape, size or distribution, in particular at low solidification rates (thick sections). However, regardless the source of the RE, its addition to Sr-modified alloys reduced the modification effect. As for grain refining, apparently a high percentage of RE (> 1 wt.%) is required to achieve a noticeable reduction in grain size, however at the cost of alloy brittleness.
Exposure-related, global alterations in innate and adaptive immunity; a consideration for re-use of non-human primates in research
Authors: Bates François A. , Duncan Elizabeth H. , Simmons Monika , Robinson Tanisha , Samineni Sridhar , Strbo Natasa , Villasante Eileen , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Wijayalath Wathsala 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundNon-human primates (NHPs) play an important role in biomedical research, where they are often being re-used in multiple research studies over the course of their life-time. Researchers employ various study-specific screening criteria to reduce potential variables associated with subsequent re-use of NHPs. However, criteria set for NHP re-assignments largely neglect the impact of previous exposures on overall biology. Since the immune system is a key determinant of overall biological outcome, an altered biological state could be predicted by monitoring global changes in the immune profile. We postulate that every different exposure or a condition can generate a unique global immune profile in NHPs.MethodsChanges in the global immune profile were evaluated in three different groups of rhesus macaques previously enrolled in dengue or malaria vaccine studies over six months after their last exposure. Naïve animals served as the baseline. Fresh blood samples were stained with various immune cell surface markers and analyzed by multi-color flow-cytometry to study immune cell dynamics in the peripheral blood. Serum cytokine profile in the pre-exposed animals were analyzed by mesoscale assay using a customized U-PLEX NHP biomarker panel of 12 cytokines/chemokines.ResultsPre-exposed macaques showed altered dynamics in circulating cytokines and certain innate and adaptive immune cell subsets such as monocytes, HLA-DR+NKT cells, B cells and T cells. Some of these changes were transient, while some lasted for more than six months. Each group seemed to develop a global immune profile unique to their particular exposure.ConclusionOur data strongly suggest that re-used NHPs should be evaluated for long-term, overall immunological changes and randomly assigned to new studies to avoid study bias.