bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lymphatic system and sentinel lymph nodes: conduit for cancer metastasis
Authors: Leong Stanley P. , Pissas Alexander , Scarato Muriel , Gallon Francoise , Pissas Marie Helene , Amore Miguel , Wu Max , Faries Mark B. , Lund Amanda W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lymphatic system is a complicated system consisting of the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes draining the extracellular fluid containing cellular debris, excess water and toxins to the circulatory system. The lymph nodes serve as a filter, thus, when the lymph fluid returns to the heart, it is completely sterile. In addition, the lymphatic system includes the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, such as tonsils, adenoids, Peyers patches in the small bowel and even the appendix. Taking advantage of the drainage system of the lymphatics, cancer cells enter the lymphatic vessels and then the lymph nodes. In general, the lymph nodes may serve as a gateway in the majority of cases in early cancer. Occasionally, the cancer cells may enter the blood vessels. This review article emphasizes the structural integrity of the lymphatic system through which cancer cells may spread. Using melanoma and breast cancer sentinel lymph node model systems, the spread of early cancer through the lymphatic system is progressive in a majority of cases. The lymphatic systems of the internal organs are much more complicated and difficult to study. Knowledge from melanoma and breast cancer spread to the sentinel lymph node may establish the basic principles of cancer metastasis. The goal of this review article is to emphasize the complexity of the lymphatic system. To date, the molecular mechanisms of cancer spread from the cancer microenvironment to the sentinel lymph node and distant sites are still poorly understood and their elucidation should take major priority in cancer metastasis research.
On sets of subspaces with two intersection dimensions and a geometrical junta bound
Authors: Longobardi Giovanni , Storme Leo , Trombetti Rocco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, constant dimension subspace codes whose codewords have subspace distance in a prescribed set of integers, are considered. The easiest example of such an object is a junta (Combin Probab Comput 18(1–2):107–122, 2009); i.e. a subspace code in which all codewords go through a common subspace. We focus on the case when only two intersection values for the codewords, are assigned. In such a case we determine an upper bound for the dimension of the vector space spanned by the elements of a non-junta code. In addition, if the two intersection values are consecutive, we prove that such a bound is tight, and classify the examples attaining the largest possible dimension as one of four infinite families.
The search for living worlds and the connection to our cosmic origins
Authors: Barstow M. A. , Aigrain S. , Barstow J. K. , Barthelemy M. , Biller B. , Bonanos A. , Buchhave L. , Casewell S. L. , Charbonnel C. , Charlot S. , Davies R. , Devaney N. , Evans C. , Ferrari M. , Fossati L. , Gänsicke B. , Garcia M. , de Castro A. I. Gomez , Henning T. , Lintott C. , Knigge C. , Neiner C. , Rossi L. , Snodgrass C. , Stam D. , Tolstoy E. , Tosi M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the most exciting scientific challenges is to detect Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of other stars in the galaxy and search for evidence of life. During the past 20 years the detection of exoplanets, orbiting stars beyond our own, has moved from science fiction to science fact. From the first handful of gas giants, found through radial velocity studies, detection techniques have increased in sensitivity, finding smaller planets and diverse multi-planet systems. Through enhanced ground-based spectroscopic observations, transit detection techniques and the enormous productivity of the Kepler space mission, the number of confirmed planets has increased to more than 2000. Several space missions, including TESS (NASA), now operational, and PLATO (ESA), will extend the parameter space for exoplanet discovery towards the regime of rocky Earth-like planets and take the census of such bodies in the neighbourhood of the Solar System. The ability to observe and characterise dozens of potentially rocky Earth-like planets now lies within the realm of possibility due to rapid advances in key space and imaging technologies and active studies of potential missions have been underway for a number of years. The latest of these is the Large UV Optical IR space telescope (LUVOIR), one of four flagship mission studies commissioned by NASA in support of the 2020 US Decadal Survey. LUVOIR, if selected, will be of interest to a wide scientific community and will be the only telescope capable of searching for and characterizing a sufficient number of exo-Earths to provide a meaningful answer to the question “Are we alone?”. This contribution is a White Paper that has been submitted in response to the ESA Voyage 2050 Call.
GAUSS - genesis of asteroids and evolution of the solar system
Authors: Shi Xian , Castillo-Rogez Julie , Hsieh Henry , Hui Hejiu , Ip Wing-Huen , Lei Hanlun , Li Jian-Yang , Tosi Federico , Zhou Liyong , Agarwal Jessica , Barucci Antonella , Beck Pierre , Bagatin Adriano Campo , Capaccioni Fabrizio , Coates Andrew J. , Cremonese Gabriele , Duffard Rene , Grande Manuel , Jaumann Ralf , Jones Geraint H. , Kallio Esa , Lin Yangting , Mousis Olivier , Nathues Andreas , Oberst Jürgen , Sierks Holger , Ulamec Stephan , Wang Mingyuan ,   The GAUSS Team
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe goal of Project GAUSS (Genesis of Asteroids and evolUtion of the Solar System) is to return samples from the dwarf planet Ceres. Ceres is the most accessible candidate of ocean worlds and the largest reservoir of water in the inner Solar System. It shows active volcanism and hydrothermal activities in recent history. Recent evidence for the existence of a subsurface ocean on Ceres and the complex geochemistry suggest past habitability and even the potential for ongoing habitability. GAUSS will return samples from Ceres with the aim of answering the following top-level scientific questions:

What is the origin of Ceres and what does this imply for the origin of water and other volatiles in the inner Solar System?

What are the physical properties and internal structure of Ceres? What do they tell us about the evolutionary and aqueous alteration history of dwarf planets?

What are the astrobiological implications of Ceres? Is it still habitable today?

What are the mineralogical connections between Ceres and our current collections of carbonaceous meteorites?
A Real Case Application of Game Theoretical Concepts in a Complex Decision-Making Process: Case Study ERTMS
Authors: Bekius Femke , Meijer Sebastiaan , Thomassen Hugo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEngineering systems are complex, amongst others due to the interdependencies between actor and technical aspects. This complexity has consequences for the way of designing such systems and, in particular, for the decision-making process. Recognizing the impossibility of having an optimal system design in such complex systems, this article explores how a game theoretical characterization of a decision-making processassistsin the organization and design of the process itself. In contrast to a game theoretical analysis, which results in optimal outcomes, the characterization is fed back to the designers of the decision-making process during the course of the process. The study analyses how the game concept characterization was used, i.e., which strategies were defined during the game theory interventions, and what the consequences of these strategies were for the design of the decision-making process. The design of a new safety system ERTMS for the Dutch railway sector is the context in which the study was performed. The contribution is a successful approach to complex decision-making in multi-actor systems by identification of multiple game concepts over time, with periodic feedback into the designing system, and not the actual decision-making itself. In short, it supported adapting to an actor focus on the process, it affected the role and responsibilities of the program management, it contributed to (de)coupling of issues, and it influenced the capability of creating awareness amongst actors of the urgency of the decision window. The paper ends with reflections on the experience of intervening in a decision-making process with game theoretical concepts.
Neural ranking models for document retrieval
Authors: Trabelsi Mohamed , Chen Zhiyu , Davison Brian D. , Heflin Jeff 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRanking models are the main components of information retrieval systems. Several approaches to ranking are based on traditional machine learning algorithms using a set of hand-crafted features. Recently, researchers have leveraged deep learning models in information retrieval. These models are trained end-to-end to extract features from the raw data for ranking tasks, so that they overcome the limitations of hand-crafted features. A variety of deep learning models have been proposed, and each model presents a set of neural network components to extract features that are used for ranking. In this paper, we compare the proposed models in the literature along different dimensions in order to understand the major contributions and limitations of each model. In our discussion of the literature, we analyze the promising neural components, and propose future research directions. We also show the analogy between document retrieval and other retrieval tasks where the items to be ranked are structured documents, answers, images and videos.
Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Variability of RAG Deficiency: A Retrospective Analysis of 22 RAG Patients
Authors: Cifaldi Cristina , Rivalta Beatrice , Amodio Donato , Mattia Algeri , Pacillo Lucia , Di Cesare Silvia , Chiriaco Maria , Ursu Giorgiana Madalina , Cotugno Nicola , Giancotta Carmela , Manno Emma C. , Santilli Veronica , Zangari Paola , Federica Galaverna , Palumbo Giuseppe , Merli Pietro , Palma Paolo , Rossi Paolo , Di Matteo Gigliola , Locatelli Franco , Finocchi Andrea , Cancrini Caterina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We described clinical, immunological, and molecular characterization within a cohort of 22 RAG patients focused on the possible correlation between clinical and genetic data.

Methods
Immunological and genetic features were investigated by multiparametric flow cytometry and by Sanger or next generation sequencing (NGS) as appropriate.

Results
Patients represented a broad spectrum of RAG deficiencies: SCID, OS, LS/AS, and CID. Three novel mutations in RAG1 gene and one in RAG2 were reported. The primary symptom at presentation was infections (81.8%). Infections and autoimmunity occurred together in the majority of cases (63.6%). Fifteen out of 22 (68.2%) patients presented autoimmune or inflammatory manifestations. Five patients experienced severe autoimmune cytopenia refractory to different lines of therapy. Total lymphocytes count was reduced or almost lacking in SCID group and higher in OS patients. B lymphocytes were variably detected in LS/AS and CID groups. Eighteen patients underwent HSCT permitting definitive control of autoimmune/hyperinflammatory manifestations in twelve of them (80%).

Conclusion
We reinforce the notion that different clinical phenotype can be found in patients with identical mutations even within the same family. Infections may influence genotype–phenotype correlation and function as trigger for immune dysregulation or autoimmune manifestations. Severe and early autoimmune refractory cytopenia is frequent and could be the first symptom of onset. Prompt recognition of RAG deficiency in patients with early onset of autoimmune/hyperinflammatory manifestations could contribute to the choice of a timely and specific treatment preventing the onset of other complications.
Twin-crane scheduling during seaside workload peaks with a dedicated handshake area
Authors: Zey Lennart , Briskorn Dirk , Boysen Nils 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo enable the efficient division of labor in container yards, many large ports apply twin cranes, two identical automated stacking cranes each dedicated to one of the transfer zones on the seaside and landside. The use of a handshake area, a bay of containers that separates the dedicated areas of the two cranes, is a simple means to avoid crane interference. Inbound containers arriving in the transfer zone of one crane and dedicated to a stacking position of the other crane’s area are placed intermediately in the handshake area by the first crane and then taken over by the second crane, and vice versa for outbound containers. Existing research only evaluates simple heuristics and rule-based approaches for the coordination of twin cranes interconnected by a handshake area. For this setting, accounting for precedence constraints due to stacking containers in the handshake area, we derive exact solution procedures under a makespan minimization objective. In this way, a comprehensive computational evaluation is enabled, which benchmarks heuristics with optimal solutions and additionally compares alternative crane settings (i.e., without workload sharing and cooperation with flexible handover). We further provide insights into where to position the handshake area. Our results reveal that when planning is too simple (i.e., with a rule-based approach), optimality gaps become large, but with sophisticated optimization, the price of a simplified crane coordination via a handshake area is low.
Thermal behaviour of ceramics obtained from the kaolinitic clays of Terra Alta, Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Garcia-Valles M. , Cuevas D. , Alfonso P. , Martínez S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe thermal properties and evolution of mineralogy and colour of kaolinitic clay from the Terra Alta region were studied. The mineralogy of these materials consists mainly of kaolinite (13–27 mass%) and quartz (48–86 mass%). Minor illite, hematite,K-feldspar and calcite also occur. The linear expansion and absorption curves were used to predict the optimal firing temperature of the raw clays. During firing, from 1100 °C the water absorption decreases steeply, due to an increase in liquid phase, which penetrates into the pores and close the porosity. At this temperature, the firing shrinkage increases progressively. The fired clays are mainly composed of quartz, cristobalite and mullite, with minor hematite and rutile. Mullite starts to appear at 1050–1100 °C. SEM observations show that porosity decreases with the firing temperature. The colour properties were measured in the raw clays and in the fired bricks at different temperatures. The lightness,L*, is lower in the fired test pieces respect to the natural clays. This colour varies according to the hematite content, being from white to reddish in the fired samples.
GDM-complicated pregnancies: focus on adipokines
Authors: Mallardo Marta , Ferraro Sara , Daniele Aurora , Nigro Ersilia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious complication of pregnancy and is defined as a state of glucose intolerance that is first diagnosed and arises during gestation. Although the pathophysiology of GDM has not yet been thoroughly clarified, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction are considered critical components of its etiopathogenesis. To sustain fetus growth and guarantee mother health, many significant changes in maternal metabolism are required in normal and high-risk pregnancy accompanied by potential complications. Adipokines, adipose tissue-derived hormones, are proteins with pleiotropic functions including a strong metabolic influence in physiological conditions and during pregnancy too. A growing number of studies suggest that various adipokines including adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are dysregulated in GDM and might have pathological significance and a prognostic value in this pregnancy disorder. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge on the role that the aforementioned adipokines play in the development and progression of GDM.
On Idealizations and Models in Science Education
Authors: Winkelmann Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdealizations are omnipresent in science. However, to date, science education research has paid surprisingly little attention to the use of idealizations in fostering students’ model competence and understanding of the nature of science (NOS). The starting point for the theoretical reflection in this paper is that insufficient consideration of idealizations in the science classroom can lead to learning difficulties. The following discussions should help to clarify the terms idealization and model and their relationship to each other. An example is drawn from physics. At least two cases can apply when considering model usage in the classroom. In the first case, to understand an observed phenomenon, a model (as a representation) of the situation to be explained is constructed. At this point, it is necessary to perform idealization. Seemingly, this step is still neglected in much of the science education literature but is well addressed in the philosophy of science. In the second case, existing models to work with are introduced, perhaps alongside a real experimental situation. This approach is called working with models in science education. This paper focuses primarily on the first case. Against the background of model building, a positioning and conceptual approximation of idealizations take place. To organize the idealization process, a framework of several categories of idealization adopted from science philosophy is offered. The framework is intended to stimulate explicit reflection about how models are constructed. The construction of a model by idealization is illustrated through an example from geometrical optics. Finally, the considerations presented are discussed in the context of the literature, and suggested research topics are provided.
Effects and challenges of using a nutrition assistance system: results of a long-term mixed-method study
Authors: Hauptmann Hanna , Leipold Nadja , Madenach Mira , Wintergerst Monika , Lurz Martin , Groh Georg , Böhm Markus , Gedrich Kurt , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHealthy nutrition contributes to preventing non-communicable and diet-related diseases. Recommender systems, as an integral part of mHealth technologies, address this task by supporting users with healthy food recommendations. However, knowledge about the effects of the long-term provision of health-aware recommendations in real-life situations is limited. This study investigates the impact of a mobile, personalized recommender system named Nutrilize. Our system offers automated personalized visual feedback and recommendations based on individual dietary behaviour, phenotype, and preferences. By using quantitative and qualitative measures of 34 participants during a study of 2–3 months, we provide a deeper understanding of how our nutrition application affects the users’ physique, nutrition behaviour, system interactions and system perception. Our results show that Nutrilize positively affects nutritional behaviour (conditional $$R^2=.342$$

R
2

=
.
342

) measured by the optimal intake of each nutrient. The analysis of different application features shows that reflective visual feedback has a more substantial impact on healthy behaviour than the recommender (conditional $$R^2=.354$$

R
2

=
.
354

). We further identify system limitations influencing this result, such as a lack of diversity, mistrust in healthiness and personalization, real-life contexts, and personal user characteristics with a qualitative analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Finally, we discuss general knowledge acquired on the design of personalized mobile nutrition recommendations by identifying important factors, such as the users’ acceptance of the recommender’s taste, health, and personalization.
Effects of task and hip-abductor fatigue on lower limb alignment and muscle activation
Authors: Rabello Rodrigo , Nodari Camila , Scudiero Felipe , Borges Iury , Fitarelli Luan , Bianchesse Jean , Rodrigues Rodrigo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fatigue-induced hip-abductor weakness may exacerbate lower-limb misalignments during different dynamic single-leg tasks. We sought to evaluate the effects of fatigue and task on lower limb kinematics and muscle activation and to find associations between measurements obtained in two tasks.

Methods
One-group pretest–posttest design. Seventeen healthy adults (9 W) performed the single-leg squat (SLSQUAT) and the single-leg hop (SLHOP) before and after a hip-abduction fatigue protocol. Hip adduction, knee frontal plane projection angle (knee FPPA) and heel inversion displacement were measured during the eccentric phase of the SLSQUAT and the SLHOP, as well as activation of the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), peroneus longus (PER) and tibialis anterior (TA). Moments and tasks were compared using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. Correlation between tasks was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation.

Results
No differences in kinematics or activation were found between moments. Hip-adduction displacement (P = 0.005), GMed (P = 0.008) and PER (P = 0.037) activation were higher during SLSQUAT, while TA activation was higher during SLHOP (P < 0.001). No differences were found between tasks in knee FPPA and heel inversion. Hip-adduction and knee FPPA were not correlated between tasks, while ankle inversion displacement was positively correlated (rs = 0.524–0.746).

Conclusion
Different characteristics of SLSQUAT (slower and deeper) seem to have led to increased hip adduction displacement, GMed, and PER activation and decreased TA activation, likely due to higher balance requirements. However, hip-abductor fatigue didn’t influence lower-limb alignment during the tasks. Finally, evaluations should be performed with different single-leg tasks since they don’t give the same lower-limb alignment information.