bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of different exercises on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Ruishi , Zhu Siyi , Wang Liqiong , Huang Jingming , Gan Xinling , Xie Suhang , Wu Tao , He Chengqi 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo compare and rank different exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Data Sources and Study SelectionMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus and Web of Science were searched from database inception to January 2021 of randomized controlled studies investigating the effect of exercise more than six months on BMD in postmenopausal women.Data Extraction and SynthesisData at baseline and post intervention (or the change from baseline) were extracted. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis was performed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the change of BMD (at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip) from baseline values. Effect size measures were mean differences with 95% credible intervals (CrIs).ResultsWe identified 3324 citations and included 66 studies with a total number of 4336 participants. Associated with BMD at lumbar spine (LS) improve were found for multicomponent exercise, resistance training, mind body exercise, lower impact exercise, high impact exercise, and whole body vibration. With regard to femoral neck (FN), only multicomponent exercise, whole body vibration, and mind body exercise were effective. As for total hip (TH), only multicomponent exercise, resistance training, and flexibility exercise were found to be beneficial. Moreover, no matter the age of postmenopausal women, and the duration of intervention (range between 6 to 18 months), some certain kinds of exercise could be performed to improve BMD at LS and FN.Conclusions and RelevanceThis NMA confirms that exercise therapy has clear benefits on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. It also shows that the magnitude of effect varies depending on the outcome of interest, the age of participants, and the duration of intervention. Clinicians might consult the ranking of the exercise intervention presented in this study, when designating an optimal, individualized exercise prescription to improve BMD.
Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and mortality suggest endemic infections, in addition to space and population factors, shape dynamics across countries
Authors: Fountain-Jones Nicholas M. , Yates Luke , Flies Emily , Flies Andrew , Carver Scott , Charleston Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSome countries have been crippled by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic while others have emerged with few infections and fatalities; the factors underscoring this macro-epidemiological variation is one of the mysteries of this global catastrophe. Variation in immune responses influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mortality, and factors shaping this variation at the country level, in addition to other socio-ecological drivers, may be important. Here, we construct spatially explicit Bayesian models that combine data on prevalence of endemic diseases and other socio-ecological characteristics to quantify patterns of confirmed deaths and cases across the globe before mass vaccination. We find that the prevalence of parasitic worms, human immunodeficiency virus and malaria play a surprisingly important role in predicting country-level SARS-CoV-2 patterns. When combined with factors such as population density, our models predict 63% (56-67) and 76% (69-81) of confirmed cases and deaths among countries, respectively. While our findings at this macro-scale are necessarily associative, they highlight a need for studies to consider factors, such as infection by other pathogens, on global SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. These relationships are vital for developing countries that already have the highest burden of endemic disease and are becoming the most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG WOMEN IN ZAMBIA: A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY
Authors: Mwansa Chilambwe Jully , Chipokoso Tyson , Mwansa Melvin , Zambwe Mowa 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEThis study aimed to describe the modern contraceptive use by women of childbearing age in Zambia.METHODSThe study was retrospective descriptive observational design. Secondary data of 13,683 women aged 15 - 49 who participated in the ZDHS 2018 were analysed. Data were extracted using a data extraction tool and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Since the ZDHS 2018 used numeric data, the study was quantitative research. The study examined the association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and modern contraceptive use using Pearson, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression.RESULTSIn Zambia, the most used type of modern contraception were injectables (52%). Female condom is the most known type of modern contraceptives (55%). The significant factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives were age group 25-29 and 45-49 (AOR=1.41 95% CI=1.05, 1.90) and (AOR=0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.62), respectively. Being married and widowed (AOR=2.18, 95% CI 1.75, 2.71), and (AOR=0.50, 95% CI 0.31, 0.78), respectively. The likelihood utilization varied across the gradient of parity, educational attainment, and wealth. Educated and wealthy women were more likely to use modern methods compared to women with no education and in the poor category, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe study established that factors such as age, marital status, the number of living children (parity), religion, and education level and wealth index remain significant issues in determining modern contraceptive use among childbearing women aged 15 to 49 in Zambia. Therefore, concerted efforts are required to increase use of modern methods of contraception by addressing these determinants.ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and limitations of the studyThe study utilized secondary data from the ZDHS 2018 as a proxy to establish the determinants of contraceptive use among women of childbearing age 15-49 in Zambia and therefore added to the body of knowledge.This study was limited by its cross-sectional nature and hence causal inferences cannot be made.The study relied on self-report measures, which could be affected by social desirability bias or memory bias
Polygenic profiles define aspects of clinical heterogeneity in ADHD
Authors: LaBianca Sonja , Brikell Isabell , Helenius Dorte , Loughnan Robert , Mefford Joel , Palmer Clare E. , Walker Rebecca , Gådin Jesper R. , Krebs Morten , Appadurai Vivek , Vaez Morteza , Agerbo Esben , Gørtz Pedersen Marianne , Børglum Anders D. , Hougaard David M. , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben Bo , Kendler Kenneth S. , Jernigan Terry L. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Ingason Andrés , Dahl Andrew W. , Zaitlen Noah , Dalsgaard Søren , Werge Thomas M. , Schork Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentations that manifest variability in long-term outcomes. The genetic contributions to this clinical heterogeneity, however, are not well understood. Here, we study 14 084 individuals diagnosed with ADHD to identify several genetic factors underlying clinical heterogeneity. One genome-wide significant locus was specifically associated with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis among individuals diagnosed with ADHD and it was not previously associated with ASD nor ADHD, individually. We used a novel approach to compare profiles of polygenic scores for groups of individuals diagnosed with ADHD and uncovered robust evidence that biology is an important factor in on-going clinical debates. Specifically, individuals diagnosed with ASD and ADHD, substance use disorder (SUD) and ADHD, or first diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood had different profiles of polygenic scores for ADHD and multiple other psychiatric, cognitive, and socio-behavioral traits. A polygene overlap between an ASD diagnosis in ADHD and cognitive performance was replicated in an independent, typically developing cohort. Our unique approach uncovered evidence of genetic heterogeneity in a widely studied complex disorder, allowing for timely contributions to the understanding of ADHD etiology and providing a model for similar studies of other disorders.
Comorbid-phenome prediction and phenotype risk scores enhance gene discovery for generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wendt Frank R , Pathak Gita A , Deak Joseph D , De Angelis Flavio , Koller Dora , Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Lebovitch Dannielle S , Levey Daniel F , Stein Murray B , Kranzler Henry R , Koenen Karestan C , Gelernter Joel , Huckins Laura M , Polimanti Renato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUK Biobank (UKB) is a key contributor in mental health genome-wide association studies (GWAS) but only ~31% of participants completed the Mental Health Questionnaire (“MHQ responders”). We predicted generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depression symptoms using elastic net regression in the ~69% of UKB participants lacking MHQ data (“MHQ non-responders”; NTraining=50%; NTest=50%), maximizing the informative sample for these traits. MHQ responders were more likely to be female, from higher socioeconomic positions, and less anxious than non-responders. Genetic correlation of GAD and PTSD between MHQ responders and non-responders ranged from 0.636-1.08; both were predicted by polygenic scores generated from independent cohorts. In meta-analyses of GAD (N=489,579) and PTSD (N=497,803), we discovered many novel genomic risk loci (13 for GAD and 40 for PTSD). Transcriptomic analyses converged on altered regulation of prenatal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in these disorders.
Adoption and continued use of mobile contact tracing technology: Multilevel explanations from a three-wave panel survey and linked data
Authors: Horvath Laszlo , Banducci Susan , Blamire Joshua , Degnen Cathrine , James Oliver , Jones Andrew , Stevens Daniel , Tyler Katharine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the key individual-level (demographics, attitudes, mobility) and contextual (Covid-19 case numbers, tiers of mobility restrictions, urban districts) determinants of adopting the NHS Covid-19 contact tracing app and continued use over-time.Design and settingA three-wave panel survey conducted in England in July 2020 (background survey), November 2020 (first measure of mobile app adoption), and March 2021 (continued use of app and new adopters) linked with official data.Primary outcomeRepeated measures of self-reported app usage.ParticipantsN = 2,500 adults living in England, representative of England’s population in terms of regional distribution, age, and gender (2011 census).ResultsWe observe initial app uptake at 41%, 95% CI [0.39,0.43], in November 2020 with a 12% dropout rate by March 2021, 95% CI [0.10,0.14]. We also found that 7% of nonusers as of wave 2 became new adopters by wave 3, 95% CI [0.05,0.08]. Initial uptake (or failure to use) of the app associated with social norms, privacy concerns, and misinformation about third-party data access, with those living in postal districts with restrictions on mobility less likely to use the app. Perceived lack of transparent evidence of effectiveness was associated with drop out of use. In addition, those who trusted the government were more likely to adopt in wave 3 as new adopters.ConclusionsSuccessful uptake of the contact tracing app should be evaluated within the wider context of the UK Government’s response to the crisis. Trust in government is key to adoption of the app in wave 3 while continued use is linked to perceptions of transparent evidence. Providing clear information to address privacy concerns could increase uptake, however, the disparities in continued use among ethnic minority participants needs further investigation as differences are not fully explained via attitudinal measures.Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this studyOur data captures reported behaviour at two points to assess within-subject changes over time;Results based on a large, nationally representative sample rather than the convenience, non-probability and/or limited-N samples of previous contact tracing studies;Integrating demographic/structural and attitudinal explanations relating to technology acceptance with questions adopted from the results of a deliberative poll;Limitation: studied population is England (see Section 2.3) where overall mobility is restricted in wave 3 during national lockdown, allowing for limited opportunities for app usage e.g. venue check-ins;Drawing on our findings, an ethnic minority booster sample will in the future allow us to better understand inequalities across and within diverse ethnic populations.
Prevalence of Strabismus in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Zachary J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStrabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, is an important risk factor for amblyopia and visual impairment in the pediatric population. Several studies have reported an increased likelihood of strabismus in persons on the autism spectrum, but prevalence estimates in this group vary greatly.MethodsWe searched multiple databases to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English through November 1, 2020 that provided estimates of strabismus prevalence in autistic individuals. Prevalence estimates were synthesized using Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity analysis was also performed using only the subset of studies that recruited participants from non-ophthalmologic settings and identified strabismus using structured ocular exams. Bayesian meta-regression was used to assess potential moderators of prevalence across studies.ResultsA total of 151 nonduplicate articles were screened, of which 22 were included in the meta-analysis (k=28 samples, nAUT=113,227). The meta-analytic point prevalence of strabismus in autistic individuals was 13.4% (95% CrI [8.3,19.4]), and sensitivity analysis produced a very similar estimate (14.0% [7.0,22.0], nAUT=581). Esotropia was the predominant subtype of strabismus reported, accounting for approximately 55% of cases. Reported prevalence rates were higher in younger samples (BF10=13.43, R2Het =0.273) and samples recruited from optometry/ophthalmology clinics (BF10=11.47, R2Het =0.238).ConclusionThis meta-analysis found a high prevalence of strabismus in autistic individuals, with rates 3–10 times that of the general population. As untreated strabismus is a major risk factor for amblyopia in young children, these findings underscore the importance of timely screening and assessment of ocular problems in persons on the autism spectrum.What’s Known on This SubjectStrabismus has been reported to be more prevalent in individuals on the autism spectrum, but estimates have been very imprecise, ranging from 3–84% across studies.What This Study AddsThis study performs the first quantitative synthesis of strabismus prevalence in over 100,000 autistic individuals, generating more precise estimates of the prevalence of strabismus in the autistic population. Factors contributing to the large differences between studies are also examined using meta-regression.
Acute phase clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is linked to long-COVID symptoms; A 9-month follow-up study
Authors: Mirfazeli Fatemeh Sadat , Sarabi-Jamab Atiye , kordi Alireza , Shariati Behnam , Shariat Seyed Vahid , Bahrami Salar , Nohesara Shabnam , Almasi-Dooghaee Mostafa , Reza Faiz Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of long-COVID is rising but it is not still clear which patients will develop long-covid and what will be the symptoms if they do.We followed up 95 patientswith confirmed COVID-19 after 9 months of the original study to delineate possible long COVID symptoms.MethodsThe original study included 201 patients who were treated in a large referral center from March to May 2020. Ninty percent of the patients reported physical or psychological symptoms within 9 months post-COVID.FindingsEasy fatigability was the most common 51.04 % long-COVID symptoms followed by anxiety 38.54 %, dyspnea 38.54 %, and new headache 38.54%. There was no association between COVID-19 severity in the acute phase (admission status) and the number of long-COVID symptoms (F(1, 93) = 0.75, p = 0.45 (n.s.)), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (F(1,93) = -0.49, p = 0.62 (n.s.), MOCA scores (F(1, 90) = 0.073, p = 0.787 (n.s.)) in the future. Being female (F(1, 92) = -2.27, p = 0.02), having a higher number of symptoms in the acute phase(F(1,93) = 2.76, p = 0.0068),and experiencing constitutional neuropsychiatric symptoms(F(1, 93)= 2.529, p = 0.01) in the acute phase were associated with higher occurance of CFS in follow up. Moreover, constitutional neuropsychiatric symptoms in acute phase were associated with cognitive dificits (lower MOCA score) (F(1, 93) = 10.84, p= 0.001) in the follow up.ConclusionsSeverity of the acute disease does not seem to be related to long-COVID symptoms. However, specific clinical presentations might be predictors of distinct long-COVID symptoms. Constitutional neuropsychiatric symptoms in the acute phase are associated with important and debilitating chronic symptoms including chronic fatigue syndrome, and cognitive deficits. These results might pave the way for findingthe underlying mechanisms of long-COVID and provide additional insight into possible candidate treatments for COVID-19.
Towards a cumulative science of vocal markers of autism: a cross-linguistic meta-analysis-based investigation of acoustic markers in American and Danish autistic children
Authors: Fusaroli Riccardo , Grossman Ruth , Bilenberg Niels , Cantio Cathriona , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Weed Ethan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcoustic atypicalities in speech production are argued to be potential markers of clinical features in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A recent meta-analysis highlighted shortcomings in the field, in particular small sample sizes and study heterogeneity (Fusaroli et al., 2017). We showcase a cumulative (i.e., explicitly building on previous studies both conceptually and statistically) yet self-correcting (i.e., critically assessing the impact of cumulative statistical techniques) approach to prosody in ASD to overcome these issues.We relied on the recommendations contained in the meta-analysis to build and analyze a cross-linguistic corpus of multiple speech productions in 77 autistic and 72 neurotypical children and adolescents (>1000 recordings in Danish and US English). We used meta-analytically informed and skeptical priors, with informed priors leading to more generalizable inference. We replicated findings of a minimal cross-linguistically reliable distinctive acoustic profile for ASD (higher pitch and longer pauses) with moderate effect sizes. We identified novel reliable differences between the two groups for normalized amplitude quotient, maxima dispersion quotient, and creakiness. However, the differences were small, and there is likely no one acoustic profile characterizing all autistic individuals. We identified reliable relations of acoustic features with individual differences (age, gender), and clinical features (speech rate and ADOS sub-scores).Besides cumulatively building our understanding of acoustic atypicalities in ASD, the study shows how to use systematic reviews and meta-analyses to guide the design and analysis of follow-up studies. We indicate future directions: larger and more diverse cross-linguistic datasets, focus on heterogeneity, self-critical cumulative approaches and open science.Lay SummaryAutistic individuals are reported to speak in distinctive ways. Distinctive vocal production can affect social interactions and social development and could represent a noninvasive way to support the assessment of ASD. We systematically checked whether acoustic atypicalities highlighted in previous articles could be actually found across multiple recordings and two languages. We find a minimal acoustic profile of ASD: higher pitch, longer pauses, increased hoarseness and creakiness of the voice. However, there is much individual variability (by age, sex, language, and clinical characteristics). This suggests that the search for one common “autistic voice” might be naive and more fine-grained approaches are needed.
Influenza infection, Acute myocardial Infarction, Flu Shot during COVID-19 Pandemic in US population. A Review of Literature
Authors: Baral Nischit , Nayak Nirajan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTInfluenza is a major cause of hospitalization in all age groups but can cause more severe infections in specific high-risk population. Novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and Influenza virus infection cause similar illness and coexist. Cardiovascular complications due to influenza are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the US, especially in the elderly population (aged more than 65 years). Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most serious among the cardiovascular causes of mortality following the attack of influenza, mainly in patients with various co-morbidities like pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and heart failure (HF). We have reviewed the association between influenza virus infection and AMI and extrapolated the beneficial effects of influenza vaccine in preventing AMI and its grave consequences. We have also highlighted about the importance of flu shot during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Induction of human trophoblast stem-like cells from primed pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Jang Yu Jin , Kim Mijeong , Lee Bum-Kyu , Kim Jonghwan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe placenta is a transient but important multifunctional organ crucial for healthy pregnancy for both mother and fetus. Nevertheless, limited access to human placenta samples and the paucity of a proper in vitro model system has hampered our understanding of the mechanisms underlying early human placental development and placenta-associated pregnancy complications. To overcome these constraints, we established a simple procedure with a short-term treatment of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in trophoblast stem cell culture medium (TSCM) to convert human primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to trophoblast stem-like cells (TSLCs). These TSLCs show not only comparable morphology and global gene expression profiles to bona fide human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) but also long-term self-renewal capacity with bipotency that allows the cells to differentiate into functional extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and syncytiotrophoblasts (ST). These indicate that TSLCs are equivalent to genuine human TSCs. Our data suggest a straightforward approach to make human TSCs directly from pre-existing primed PSCs and provide a valuable opportunity to study human placenta development and pathology even from patients with placenta-related diseases.HIGHLIGHTSShort-term treatment of BMP4 in TSCM induces human primed PSCs into TSLCsTSLCs possess similar self-renewal and bipotency as bona fide TSCsGlobal gene expression profiling shows high similarity between TSLCs and TSCsTSLC-derived EVT and ST possess characteristics shown in TSC-derived counterparts