bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome Alterations In Ulcerative Colitis And After Moxibustion Intervention
Authors: Qi Qin , Liu Ya-Nan , Lv Si-Yi , Wu Huan-Gan , Zhang Lin-Shuang , Cao Zhan , Liu Hui-Rong , Wang Xiao-Mei , Wu Lu-Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moxibustion, a common treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, is the burning of the herb moxa over acupuncture points. Moxibustion has been used to improve the inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunctions in gastrointestinal disorders such as UC. In this study, we investigated whether moxibustion could improve the gut microbial dysbiosis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS).Methods: Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal (NG), UC model (UC), moxibustion (UC+MOX), mesalazine (UC+MES), and normal rats with moxibustion (NG+MOX). The UC rat model was established by administering DSS solution. The rats in the UC+MOX and NG+MOX groups were treated with moxibustion at Tianshu (bilateral, ST25) points once daily for 7 consecutive days, and the UC+MES group rats were treated with mesalazine once daily for 7 consecutive days. After intervention, gut microbiota profiling was conducted by metagenomic high throughput sequencing technology. The gut microbiota composition, diversity and function were analyzed and compared using metagenomics methodologies.Results: The most abundant phyla of five groups were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Moxibustion treatment increased abundance levels of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Synergistetes and decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides, Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2, were increased and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3, Parabacteroides, Porphyromonas, Alistipes, Parasutterella were decreased in the UC group in comparsion with those in the NG group. Moxibustion increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Bacteroides_bacterium_H3 and decreased Bacteroides_bacterium_M7, Prevotella, Bacteroidales_bacterium_H2. In addition, compare with the NG group, genes involved in certain metabolic pathways, such as energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, replication, recombination and repair, were under-represented in the UC group, and these changes in the metabolic pathways could be reversed by moxibustion treatment and mesalazine treatment.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that moxibustion treatment may protect the host from mucosal inflammation by modulating the intestinal microbiota community.
Potential Value of PRKDC as a Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Biomarker in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Yang Xiawei , Sun Xuyong , Yang Feng , Lan Liugen , Wen Ning , Li Haibin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

While PRKDC (Protein Kinase, DNA-Activated, Catalytic Subunit) plays an important role in double-strand break (DSB) repair to retain genomic stability, there is still no pan-cancer analysis based on large clinical information on the relationship between PRKDC and different tumors. For the first time, this research used numerous databases to perform a pan-cancer review for PRKDC to explore the possible mechanism of PRKDC in the etiology and outcomes in various tumors.
Methods

PRKDC's expression profile and prognostic significance in pan-cancer were investigated based on various databases and online platforms, including TIMER2, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, CPTAC, and SangerBox. We applied the TIMER to identified the interlink of PRKDC and the immune infiltration in assorted tumors, and the SangerBox online platform was adopted to find out the relevance between PRKDC and immune checkpoint genes, TMB, and MSI in tumors. GeneMANIA tool was employed to create a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to performed gene enrichment analysis.
Results

Overall, tumor tissue presented a higher degree of PRKDC expression than adjacent normal tissue. Meanwhile, patients with high PRKDC expression have a worse prognosis. PRKDC mutations were present in almost all TCGA tumors and might lead to a better survival prognosis. PRKDC expression level was shown a positive correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). PRKDC high expression cohorts were enriched in "cell cycle," "oocyte meiosis," and "RNA-degradation" signaling pathways.
Conclusions

This study revealed the potential value of PRKDC tumor immunology and as a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer.
Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Using Culture Biomass of Aspergillus Niger : The Influence of pH On Textile Morphology And Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Rilda Yetria , Rinaldi Rifki , Syukri Syukri , Armaini Armaini , Refinel Refinel , Agustien Anthoni , Pardi Hilfi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) is performed through enzymatic mechanisms, by controlling the particle size and morphology of the compound using the sol-gel method. Furthermore, this method utilizes stabilizer obtained from the cell biomass of Aspergillus niger bacteria, in order to yield homogeneous and consistent products, which corresponds with the XRD outcome that exhibits good crystallinity. The evaluation of functional, morphological, and antibacterial activities was carried out at pH 6.0-13.0, as the prepared samples were characterized by FT-IR. The analysis showed the interaction of hydroxyl groups, aromatic rings, as well as N-H and O-Zn-O compounds at a wavenumber of 401-584 cm−1. The XRD and SEM characterizations showed that the structure and crystal phase of ZnO were hexagonal wurtzite at dimensions of 36.2 - 45.4 nm. The differences in pH also influenced the dimensions, morphology, and antimicrobial activity. ZnO with pH of 8.0 was characterized by FESEM-EDAX, based on the analysis of morphological uniformity. This characterization obtained rod and cube structures, with atomic ratios of Zn = 61.5% and O = 38.5%. The UV-DRS spectrum showed that the optical band gap was not significantly influenced by the pH of the reactant solution, with a value of Eg = 3.00–3.11 eV. The differences in morphology further distinguished anti-bacterial properties on textile fibres, through the use of the Gram-negative and positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus), with inhibition zones of 17-21 mm and 21-25 mm, respectively. Therefore, ZnO is classified as a very strong antibacterial material compared to amoxicillin, with an inhibition zone of 13.6 mm.
Stereotactic Laser Ablation (SLA) Followed by Consolidation Stereotactic Radiosurgery (cSRS) as Treatment for Brain Metastasis that Recurred Locally After Initial Radiosurgery (BMRS): A Multi-Institutional Experience
Authors: Pino Isabela Peña , Ma Jun , Hori Yusuke , Fomchenko Elena , Dusenbery Kathryn , Reynolds Margaret , Wilke Christopher , Yuan Jianling , Sriniva Ethan , Grabowski Matthew , Fecci Peter , Domingo-Musibay Evidio , Fujioka Naomi , Barnett Gene H. , Chang Veronica , Mohammadi Alireza M. , Chen Clark C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The optimal treatment paradigm for brain metastasis that recurs locally after initial radiosurgery (BMRS) remains an area of active investigation. Here, we report outcomes for patients with BMRS treated with stereotactic laser ablation (SLA, also known as laser interstitial thermal therapy, LITT)followed by consolidation radiosurgery (cSRS). Methods: Clinical outcome of 20 patients with 21histologically confirmed BMRS treated with SLA followed by consolidation SRS and >6 months follow-up were collected retrospectively across three participating institutions. Results: Consolidation SRS (5 Gy x 5 or 6 Gy x 5) wascarried out 16-73 days (median of 26 days) post-SLA of BMRS. There were no new neurological deficits after SLA/cSRS. While 3/21 (14.3%) patients suffered temporary Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) decline after SLA, no KPS declines was observed after cSRS. There were no 30-day mortalities or wound complications. Two patients required re-admission within 30 days of cSRS (severe headache that resolved with steroid therapy (n=1) and new onset seizure (n=1)). With a median follow-up of 228 days (range: 178-1367 days), the local control rate at 6 and 12 months (LC6, LC12) was 100%. All showed diminished FLAIR volume surrounding the SLA/cSRS treated BMRS at the six-month follow-up; none of the patients required steroid for symptoms attributable to these BMRS. These results compare favorably to the available literature for repeat SRS or SLA-only treatment of BMRS.Conclusions: This multi-institutional experience supports further investigations of SLA/cSRS as a treatment strategyfor BMRS.
How to respond effectively to COVID-19? Reports based on environmental changes in Wuhan and Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Fang , Han Yi , Cong Bailin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The δ -variant of COVID-19 is blowing to globle economy, hummen’s life and health. The infection rates of δ -variant is twice of the original variants. It is putting the world in a harsher state. Lockdown policy is still powerful in stopping spread of virus. This paper aims to evaluate the lockdown impact on NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Wuhan, which reported the first OVID-19 infection case. We analyzed data of the whole periods including before, during and after blokade. Generally, lockdown has significant decreasing effects on all the 5 pollutants except for surface ozone. The reasons for the pollutants’ changes are discussed from the aspects including social policy, people's living habits and Chinese character. To assess the extensive impact of lockdown policy on urban environment, we also studied the same pollutants in Shanghai, which is one of the biggest and central city in China and almost locates at the same latitude with Wuhan. Better results were obtained compared with those of Wuhan with all the pollutants decreasing their concentration and a better air quality. This effects even last after the blockade. This is mainly because Shanghainese have formed more prudent living habits and attach more importance to environmental protection during the lockdown period. Althgough COVID-19 brings bad effect on globle socio-economy and humen’s health, people get chance to rethink the value of life: We should sustainablely develop and pursuing spiritual instead of excessive material enjoyment. It can sustain a healthy living enviroment.
Perceived cardiovascular disease risk and tailored communication strategies among rural and urban community dwellers in Rwanda: A qualitative study
Authors: NIYIBIZI Jean Berchmans , OKOP Kufre Joseph , NGANABASHAKA Jean Pierre , UMWALI Ghislaine , RULISA Stephen , NTAWUYIRUSHINTEGE Seleman , TUMUSIIME David , NYANDWI Alypio , NTAGANDA Evariste , Delobelle Peter , LEVITT Naomi , BAVUMA Charlotte M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

In Rwanda, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the third leading cause of death, and hence constitute an important public health issue. Like worldwide, most CVDs are due to lifestyle and preventable risk factors. Prevention interventions are based on risk factors for CVD risk, yet the outcome of such interventions might be limited by the lack of awareness or misconception of CVD risk. This study aimed to explore how rural and urban population groups in Rwanda perceive CVD risk and tailor communication strategies for estimated total cardiovascular risk.
Methods

An exploratory qualitative study design was applied using focus group discussions to collect data from rural and urban community dwellers. Thematic analysis with Atlas ti 7.5.18 was used and main findings for each theme reported as a narrative summary.
Results

Participants thought that CVD risk is due to either financial stress, psychosocial stress, substance abuse, noise pollution, unhealthy diets, diabetes or overworking. Participants did not understand CVD risk presented in quantitative format, but preferred qualitative formats or colors to represent low, moderate and high CVD risk through in-person communication. Participants preferred to be screened for CVD risk by community health workers using mobile health technology.
Conclusion

Rural and urban community members in Rwanda are aware of their CVD risk. Community health workers are preferred by local communities for CVD risk screening. Quantitative formats to present the total CVD risk appear inappropriate to the Rwandan population and qualitative formats are therefore advisable. Thus, operational research on the use of qualitative formats to communicate CVD risk is recommended to improve decision-making on CVD risk communication in the context of Rwanda.
Universal Maternal Rights: A Matter of Life and Death
Authors: Ryan Alicia 
Published: August 2021

Childbirth has been a part of our lives since the beginning of time. Without the process none of us would be alive today. So why is it that maternal mortality remains one of the greatest inequities in the world? To date, approximately 500, 000 women die annually due to the lack of appropriate prenatal and obstetric care. Difficulties arising with childbirth cannot be predicted. However, the way in which we react to a situation can have a lasting, positive effect on the countries and the women who are at risk. The ways in which to help reduce the large number of maternal deaths in developing countries is not complicated and can be achieved if it is made a priority. In conclusion, there are multiple obstacles in regard to succeeding the highest achievable standard of health globally. With the education of evolving scientific methods, and the collaboration of humanitarian views, the welfare and health of women and their children, can be internationally restored. With the education of evolving scientific methods, and the collaboration of humanitarian views, the welfare and health of women and their children, can be internationally restored.
Adapting a safe water storage container to improve household stored water quality in rural Burkina Faso: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Anderson Darcy M. , Fisher Michael B. , Kwena Osborn , Kambou Hermann , Broseus Romain , Williams Ashley R. , Liang Kaida , Ramaswamy Rohit , Bartram Jamie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSafe water storage protects household drinking water from microbial contamination, maintaining water quality and preventing diarrhea and other water-borne diseases. However, achieving high adoption and sustained use of safe storage is challenging. Systematic adaptation can address these challenges by improving contextual fit while retaining core functionality to protect water quality. We applied Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to systematically adapt a safe water storage container (SWSC) intervention for implementation in rural Burkina Faso. This study describes the adaptation process and the impacts of the SWSC on Escherichia coli contamination in household stored water in a cluster-randomized trial with 49 intervention villages (274 households) and 50 no-intervention control villages (290 households). SWSC adoption among intervention households was high (88.9%). The intervention achieved approximately a 0.4 log reduction in E. coli contamination. Intervention impact was likely moderated by differential changes in improved source use across intervention and control households. Safe storage improves water quality when used consistently. PDSA frameworks can guide the adaptation of safe storage interventions to optimize adoption and sustained use in new contexts while preserving core functions that protect water quality.
CORPO EM FRESTA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE EXTENSÃO EM TEMPOS DE CONFINAMENTO
Authors: Bemvenuto Vitória da Silva , Ogêda Guedes Adrianne , De Souza Ferreira Juliana , Araujo de Oliveira Wallace , Antônia Sattamini de Souza Maria 
Published: August 2021

Neste ensaio buscamos tratar de nossas experiências na pesquisa sobre o corpo, a arte e a educação, em especial reflexões acerca do Habitar-se: uma ação extensiva inaugurada por nós diante dos afastamentos impostos pela pandemia do COVID-19. Assim, o Habitar-se afirma nosso compromisso com a extensão universitária, ao criar pontes entre uma universidade pública brasileira e a sociedade em tempos de incertezas. Com o objetivo de articular os relatos dessa ação, bem como alargar nossas percepções acerca do vivido, nos debruçamos sobre a proposição “Corpo em fresta”, da qual participamos como organizadoras e propositor. Junto de uma perspectiva estética de educação (Duarte Jr., 2000; Perissé, 2009), acreditamos que esta é uma oportunidade potente de nos reinventarmos em nossas práticas num movimento de: propor; planejar; viver; sentir e repensar o que foi vivido.
Machine Learning Methodologies for Prediction of Rhythm-Control Strategy in Patients Diagnosed With Atrial Fibrillation: Observational, Retrospective, Case-Control Study
Authors: Kim Rachel S , Simon Steven , Powers Brett , Sandhu Amneet , Sanchez Jose , Borne Ryan T , Tumolo Alexis , Zipse Matthew , West J Jason , Aleong Ryan , Tzou Wendy , Rosenberg Michael A 
Published: August 2021

Background
The identification of an appropriate rhythm management strategy for patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a major challenge for providers. Although clinical trials have identified subgroups of patients in whom a rate- or rhythm-control strategy might be indicated to improve outcomes, the wide range of presentations and risk factors among patients presenting with AF makes such approaches challenging. The strength of electronic health records is the ability to build in logic to guide management decisions, such that the system can automatically identify patients in whom a rhythm-control strategy is more likely and can promote efficient referrals to specialists. However, like any clinical decision support tool, there is a balance between interpretability and accurate prediction.

Objective
This study aims to create an electronic health record–based prediction tool to guide patient referral to specialists for rhythm-control management by comparing different machine learning algorithms.

Methods
We compared machine learning models of increasing complexity and used up to 50,845 variables to predict the rhythm-control strategy in 42,022 patients within the University of Colorado Health system at the time of AF diagnosis. Models were evaluated on the basis of their classification accuracy, defined by the F1 score and other metrics, and interpretability, captured by inspection of the relative importance of each predictor.

Results
We found that age was by far the strongest single predictor of a rhythm-control strategy but that greater accuracy could be achieved with more complex models incorporating neural networks and more predictors for each participant. We determined that the impact of better prediction models was notable primarily in the rate of inappropriate referrals for rhythm-control, in which more complex models provided an average of 20% fewer inappropriate referrals than simpler, more interpretable models.

Conclusions
We conclude that any health care system seeking to incorporate algorithms to guide rhythm management for patients with AF will need to address this trade-off between prediction accuracy and model interpretability.
COVID-19 Mortality Prediction From Deep Learning in a Large Multistate Electronic Health Record and Laboratory Information System Data Set: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Saranya , Balan Jagadheshwar , Walsh Jesse R , Wu Yanhong , Minnich Sara , Piazza Amy , Osborne Collin , Oliver Gavin R , Lesko Jessica , Bates Kathy L , Khezeli Kia , Block Darci R , DiGuardo Margaret , Kreuter Justin , O’Horo John C , Kalantari John , Klee Eric W , Salama Mohamed E , Kipp Benjamin , Morice William G , Jenkinson Garrett 
Published: August 2021

Background
COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has strikingly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, with most individuals contracting mild disease but a substantial minority experiencing fulminant cardiopulmonary symptoms or death. The clinical covariates and the laboratory tests performed on a patient provide robust statistics to guide clinical treatment. Deep learning approaches on a data set of this nature enable patient stratification and provide methods to guide clinical treatment.

Objective
Here, we report on the development and prospective validation of a state-of-the-art machine learning model to provide mortality prediction shortly after confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Mayo Clinic patient population.

Methods
We retrospectively constructed one of the largest reported and most geographically diverse laboratory information system and electronic health record of COVID-19 data sets in the published literature, which included 11,807 patients residing in 41 states of the United States of America and treated at medical sites across 5 states in 3 time zones. Traditional machine learning models were evaluated independently as well as in a stacked learner approach by using AutoGluon, and various recurrent neural network architectures were considered. The traditional machine learning models were implemented using the AutoGluon-Tabular framework, whereas the recurrent neural networks utilized the TensorFlow Keras framework. We trained these models to operate solely using routine laboratory measurements and clinical covariates available within 72 hours of a patient’s first positive COVID-19 nucleic acid test result.

Results
The GRU-D recurrent neural network achieved peak cross-validation performance with 0.938 (SE 0.004) as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. This model retained strong performance by reducing the follow-up time to 12 hours (0.916 [SE 0.005] AUROC), and the leave-one-out feature importance analysis indicated that the most independently valuable features were age, Charlson comorbidity index, minimum oxygen saturation, fibrinogen level, and serum iron level. In the prospective testing cohort, this model provided an AUROC of 0.901 and a statistically significant difference in survival (P<.001, hazard ratio for those predicted to survive, 95% CI 0.043-0.106).

Conclusions
Our deep learning approach using GRU-D provides an alert system to flag mortality for COVID-19–positive patients by using clinical covariates and laboratory values within a 72-hour window after the first positive nucleic acid test result.
Economic burden of rivaroxaban and warfarin among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with obesity and polypharmacy
Authors: Laliberté François , Ashton Veronica , Kharat Akshay , Lejeune Dominique , Moore Kenneth Todd , Jung Young , Lefebvre Patrick , Berger Jeffrey S 
Published: August 2021

Aim:
Evaluate healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with rivaroxaban and warfarin among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with obesity and polypharmacy.
Materials & methods:
IQVIA PharMetrics
®
Plus (January 2010–September 2019) data were used to identify NVAF patients with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m
2
) and polypharmacy (≥5 medications) initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin. Weighted rate ratios and cost differences were evaluated post-treatment initiation.
Results:
Rivaroxaban was associated with significantly lower rates of HRU, including hospitalization (rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.77, 0.92]). Medical costs were reduced in rivaroxaban users (difference [95% CI]: -US$6868 [-US$10,628, -US$2954]), resulting in significantly lower total healthcare costs compared with warfarin users (difference [95% CI]: -US$4433 [-US$8136, -US$582]).
Conclusion:
Rivaroxaban was associated with lower HRU and costs compared with warfarin among NVAF patients with obesity and polypharmacy in commercially insured US patients.