bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Simulation Study to Improve Heat Transfer Rate in a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using Different ways.
Authors: Salman Zomorrod Ahmed , Kadhim Zena Khalefa , khalaf Kamil Abdulhussein , Kamil Hassanein Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work the thermo hydraulic performance of double pipe heat exchanger made of stainless-steel with inner and outer diameters are (11.43 and 16.83cm) respectively, 0.305cm thickness and150cm length, studied numerically by using Solid Works 2016 package. It is used to the purpose of preheat heavy fuel oil flow in the outer pipe by hot air flow inside the inner one. Helical tape with different pitches (11, 14, and 17) cm the inner side of the inner tube and helical fin with different fin spaces (10, 20, and 30) cm over the inner tube are used as an enhancement heat transfer device. The study was conducted with specific identifiers, Reynold’s number (Re) values are (31668, 47361, 63008, 78589) for air side (inner tube), oil inlet temperature is (313) K and flow with rate of oil (0.1 and 0.06 kg/s). The results were first verified by using both the inner helical tape and outer helical fin separately and comparing the results of them with the plain tube, and then combining each of the helical tape and helical fin together and indicating the improvement in heat transfer rate, the result show that the maximum heat transfer is (4559.726 W) obtained by merged the helical tape with smaller pitch (11 cm) and helical fin with low fin pitch (10 cm) at oil flow rate (0.1 kg/s) as compared with (2052.385W) for plain tube, the maximum enhancement percentage in heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient were is (122.167 % and 142.941%) at the same conditions. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu) and convection heat transfer coefficient were (224.572 % and 129.523 % W/m2. K) respectively were achieved by using helical tape with pitch (11 cm). At higher Reynolds number, the higher-pressure drop for air side is (7437.8 pa) obtained when using minimum pitch for helical tape and it is (1086.26 pa) for oil side by using helical fin with pitch (10 cm).
Evaluation the magnetic and microstructure properties of Al/TiO2 nanocomposites using various stir casting temperature
Authors: Kadhim Zahraa. J. , Alalkawi Hussain. J. M. , Reja Ahmed. H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effect of three stir casting temperatures (ST) (900, 1000, and 1100 on magnetic and microstructure properties of AA5052 reinforced with 5wt% TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated using the stir casting technique. It was found that the magnetic properties decrease with increasing stir casting temperature and the least magnetic saturation (Ms) and magnetic susceptibility (Xm) occurred for nanocomposite fabricated under stir casting temperature (1000 °C) also the maximum coercivity (Hc) and residual magnetization (Mr) occurred in this nanocomposite. The values of magnetic saturation (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and residual magnetization (Mr) obtained for nanocomposite under (1000 °C) are 2.714×10−6 (A/m), 4676.55530 (A/m) and 3.25032 ×10−8 (A/m), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the microstructure, and it is discovered that well-distributed nano particles lead to decrease grain size in the parent phase.
Evaluation the effects of some parameters on the operational efficiency of the main water pipe in Karbala city
Authors: Hussein Hussein Ali , Al Baidhani Jabbar H. , Alshammari Musa Habib 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study analyzes the results obtained from field measurements to one of the main water pipe operating with the dead end system in Karbala city (located in the middle of Iraq is located 105 kilometers south of the capital Baghdad) utilizing Water CAD software. Moreover, the study is conduct to evaluate the existing mainline supply water from AL-khairat area where is the location of the pumping station to improve existing water main line efficiency. The field readings at different junctions’ locations is take and which branch out the mainline at seasons in summer, autumn, winter, and different times by using an ultrasonic device. The collected data then simulated in WaterCAD software using an extended period scenario to determine future network defects. Based on the results, The hydraulic analysis demonstrates the extra flow is required to increase pressure and velocity in junctions. The existing pumping, that is a design amount of about 1200 m3/hr is not sufficient to deliver water to the end zones of the line, since the produced quantity of the pumps in the mainline does not exceed 950 m3/hr which was less than the design capacity as shown by field readings, because damaged many parts of which, It needs to increase the design capacity of not less than 2000m3/hr and this conclusion was made based on analysis of the obtained data. In addition, it is necessary to replace the old pumps with new ones in order to provide adequate flow that achieves the pressure and water velocity required.
Effects of operating parameters on the performance of a zinc-air fuel cell
Authors: Shallal Ahmed Habib , Shakir Ibtehal Kareem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a promising energy storage device, the rechargeable Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) has attracted an increasing attention because of their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, non-toxic (in terms of the manufacturing materials of the cell as well as the products of the reactions), the rich abundance of zinc, compact system design, as well as its environmental benignity. Rechargeable Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are investigated as a possible technology for fast responding large-scale electrical energy. a broad study was performed to examine the influence of different ranges of parameters such as electrolyte flow rate (0-250 mL/min), electrolyte concentration (10- 60% by weight KOH), electrolyte temperature (26-60°C), active or passive air supply (0-8 L/min), and the effects of each parameter on the cell performance was studied and analysed and the best parameters were chosen to maintain the most effective cell operation.
The possibilities of using nano-CuO as coolants for PVT system: An experimental study
Authors: Al-Ghezi Moafaq K S , Abass Khaleel I , Salam Ahmed Q , Jawad Raid S , Kazem Hussein A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotovoltaic/thermal system (PVT) is a modern technology that increase the productivity of a PV panel through nanofluid cooling. In this study, the use of a group of nano-coolants consisting of nano-CuO plus water and surfactant was investigated. The study was conducted using a solar simulator and studied the thermophysical properties of the prepared fluids to demonstrate their effects on the PVT system cooling. Adding nanoparticles to water caused an increase in density and viscosity, but at a limited rate, and it did not have an effect during the experiments. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids showed a clear increase compared to water, and the highest conductivity measured was 100.3% (when adding 2% nano-CuO). The Zeta potential test was used to measure the stability of the prepared nanofluids, and the results showed the high stability of all the prepared nanofluids. The stability of the suspension improved as the proportion of added nanoparticles decreased. The electrical, thermal, and total efficiencies improved with employing nanofluids to cool the PVT system compared to cooling with water alone. The maximum efficiencies obtained when adding 2% nano-CuO to the water were 29.92%, 61.08%, and 91% for electrical, thermal, and total efficiencies respectively..
Cellular Total Lipid Peroxidation, and Glutathione S Transferase Levels in Larvae and Pupae of Aedes Aegypti with Catalysts Preparation of Mg-doped tio2 Nanoparticles.
Authors: AlSalih Moatasem , Samsudin Syakirah , Arshad Siti Suri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim: synthesis, characterization, and application of modifying nanocomposite TiO2 doped with Magnesium for photodegradation of antioxidant system Larvae and Pupae of Aedes Aegypti Catalysts Preparation of Mg-doped TiO2 to determine activity of oxidative stress (MDA) and glutathione S Transferase, were known as a parameter of defense system resistance and immune maintained. This study was undertaken to assess the potential role of growth of stages of Aedes Aegypti correspondence with oxidant and antioxidant balance triggered by nanoparticle exposure. The amounts of these parameters in cellular samples were investigated using the following materials and procedures, intake 100 larvae and 100 pupae as subjects with (study subjects) and 3-9 days’ age-matched with healthy subjects as controls. at the second of the admission, as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and therefore an indicator of the activity of standard free radicals Nanoparticles Photo Catalysts, TiO2 doped with Mg, the standard prepared Nanopowder changes from the forbidden band TiO2 standard doping with atoms of Mg ،Mg) using the sol-gel method, for Mg-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, the estimated band gap energy is 2.92 eV. Tissue MDA was used to estimate thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and liquid glutathione reductase activity was assessed using Goldberg DM’s method. Results: When compared to controls, there was a dramatic rise in MDA content and glutathione s transferase efficiency in larvae and pupae populations exposed to photo catalyst modified nanoparticles. Conclusion: Increased MDA support to oxidative stress in larvae and pupae samples supports enhanced oxygen-free radical generation, as indicated by our findings. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity could be a compensatory mechanism in response to increased oxidative stress. The findings point to glutathione s transferase’s antioxidant activity in response to increasing oxidative stress in the treated group.
Production of Lightweight Concrete by Using Polystyrene (cork) waste
Authors: Hussein Wisam Abdulkadhim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There are two important subjects in the local and global areas, the first is the environmental pollution and the second is economic advantages of recycling and reusing of industrial materials. One of the most important industrial materials is cork waste. Because of many good properties of cork, like compressibility and a good ability to mould according to human needs, this material become as an important material in several life categories. This research work includes production of new type of light weight concrete and studies the mechanical and thermal properties. Several proportions of raw materials were used to produce this type of concrete. This study is intended to produce light weight concrete with low thermal conductivity so that it can be used for concrete masonry units. Polystyrene aggregate was added as percentages by weight of cement to improve the thermal properties of this type of concrete. Mechanical, and thermal tests with difference ages were made in this work. For polystyrene concrete with polystyrene cement ratio (p/c) of (2.67 – 6)%, the 28-day compressive strength range is from (4.31 – 2.67)MPa, flexural strength range is from (3.05-1.719) MPa, density range is from (1493-1213) kg/m3, and thermal conductivity range is from (0.91-0.782)% as a percentage by that of reference mix. The study show suitability of this type of concrete to be used in concrete masonry units of non-bearing walls.
Morphological Characterzations of Spinel Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol- Gel Method
Authors: Edrees Shaker J. , Kareem Shaima’a J. , Fadel Al-Khader Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, pure magnesium alumina (MgAl
2
O
4) and magnesium alumina spinel nanoparticles doped iron (MgAl
2-X

Fe

X

O
4) where (X= 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) were by sol-gel method. The calcination operation was performed at a temperature of 800 ° C at a rate of 5 ° C/min. The resulting materials of MgAl2-XFeXO4 nanoparticles were determined using,, XRD, FT-IR, EDX, SEM methods. XRD results show that MgAl
2
O
4 and Fe
+3:MgAl
2
O
4 nanoparticles have a single-phase at 800 ° C. FTIR analyze confirmed the presence of MgAl
2
O
4 and Fe
+3:MgAl
2
O
4 as well as FTIR analysis shows its composition and structure. Surface morphology examinations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the nanoparticles synthesized in this way are estimated to be angular, uniform and about 50-70 nm in size.
Numerical modeling of free convection in a partially heated triangular enclosure with chamfer
Authors: Alaydamee H H , Alomari M A , Dawood H I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional numerical modelling of water natural convection inside a chamfered triangular cavity, that is being partially heated from below has been investigated in this paper. The walls of the cavity are considered isothermally isolated except a source part of heat which is inserted at the bottom wall while the inclined wall is considered as cold wall. A COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 has been used to solve the numerical solutions. This paper considered some variables such as Rayleigh number (Ra = 103 to 106), heating length ratio (HL= 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5) and the ratio of the chamfer’s radius (R= 0.1, 0.2, and 0.25) while all other physical parameters are considered constant such as the length of the cold wall and the adiabatic wall. The results have been validated with previous published work in order to ensure the accuracy of the current coding. The main results observed an increase in streamlines and isotherms with the rise of Rayleigh (Ra) number and the rise of heating length ratio; additionally, the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) value increases with the rise of the Ra number and the length of the heating source. For example, average Nusselt number increased from 2.0443 at Ra=103 to 7.2793 at Ra= 106 for (R=0.25 and HL = 0.5).
the use of blast furnace slag as a supplementary cementitious material
Authors: Alrutha Hanash Hussein Abd , Hassan Maan S. , Hussein Ayat M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Waste material recycling in mortar production not only provides a promising resource for producing high-quality mortar, but it also aids in properly addressing the waste disposal issue. This study investigates the potential of utilizing blast furnace slag wastes as a supplementary cementitious material in blended cement-based mortars.
The experimental program includes investigation of compressive strength of cement-based mortar composites contained different types and percentages of slag wastes. The mortar specimens were prepared and cured following related international standards. After curing, the compressive strengths of the tested specimens were assessed and compared with control specimens. The influence of the chemical composition of the investigated slag types on the resulted strength of the blended cement mortar was also discussed. Results of this study revealed that the chemical compositions of the raw slag wastes have significant effects on the pozzolanic activity of the produced slag. Slag samples contained higher percentages of calcium oxides present the most promising results regarding the production of supplementary cementitious material.
Effect of silver doping on the optical properties of SiC thin films
Authors: Khudher H H , Abd J A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) with the Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 6 Hz, 500 mJ) had been used to prepare the pure and Ag-doped silicon carbide (SiC) films on the quartz substrates with various dopant ratios (1% wt, 3% wt, 5% wt, and 7% wt) of Ag. The optical absorbance measurements of SiC films have been studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). The optical parameters that calculated are absorbance, transmittance, reflectivity, absorption coefficient, optical energy gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant. The results showed that the absorbance spectrum had been decreased as the doping ratio increasing. The optical energy gap was decreased from (2.62 to 2.02 eV) as the doping ratio increasing.
Variation Resistance of different operation temperature of NO2 and NH3 gases for the Ag-doped SiC gas sensor
Authors: Khudher H H , Abd J A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A pure and Ag-doped silicon carbide (SiC) films on the p-type silicon (110) wafers were prepared with various dopant ratios (1, 3, 5 and 7%) using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) with the Nd: YAG laser (= 1064 nm, 500 mJ, 6 Hz). The samples were deposited under high pressure up to (10−4 mbar) at a substrate temperature of 250 °C. The thin films have been examined for (NO2 and NH3) sensing at different operating temperatures. The maximum sensitivity of pure SiC of NH3 gas about (12%) at 200 oC and (14.42%) for NO2 gas at 100°C while the maximum sensitivity of Ag-doped samples about (24.39%) of NH3 gas at 200°C for (1%wt) and (62.98%) of NO2 gas at 25°C for (3%wt). For the pure sample, we found that the fastest response time was (18.9 s, 22.5 s) for NH3 and NO2 gases at (300 °C,100 °C), respectively, while for impure samples (3% wt) about (12.6 s, 13.5 s) of NH3 and NO2 at 100°C. The results also showed that the lowest recovery time for the pure film was 33.3 s for NH3 gas at 100°C, while for NO2 gas its value was (30.6 s) at 200°C. Also for the SiC: Ag (3% wt, 5%), it was found that the fastest recovery time was about (45 s) for NH3 gas at 25 °C and (41.4 s) for NO2 gas at 100 °C.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite and Optimizing Its Properties Using Regression Model
Authors: Al-Dujaili  , Ahmed Mohammed A. , Aswad  , Abbas Mohsin , Oribi  , Ibrahim Mariam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study clarified the importance of hydroxyapatite in the biological and medical field as alternatives for damaged parts of the bones and teeth. The aim of this study is to preparing the hydroxyapatite from a biological source, bovine femur bones, for its efficiency and low cost. The bovine bone has been converted to hydroxyapatite by a heat treatment method at 1000 °C for 3 hrs. The resulting powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and particle size. The regression models used for the optimization mechanical and physical properties, by taking density as an independent variable, porosity, hardness and compressive strength as dependent variables. Through regression analysis, it was found that the value of the correlation coefficient (R) is (0.990), while the value of (F) in the ANOVA test was (15.97). In addition to the T-test, which indicates the presence of statistical differences between the variables.
Development of self-cleaning bricks surfaces by CaCO3modified nano-TiO2 composite coatings
Authors: Awad Samir H , Shaker Fatima 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, many studies have been carried out on self-cleaning characteristic because it is being regarded as one of the most interesting topics in biomimicry because of its potential applications in energy conversion, and biomedical and environmental protection. In this study, spin coating process has been introduced to coat bricks surfaces with TiO2 nanoparticles based polymer composite coatings modified using CaCO3 particles for self-cleaning and environmental purposes. The matrix solutions were prepared from Polystyrene. Particle size analyzing PSA and x-ray diffraction XRD were employed for characterization of the particles. The coatings were characterized by SEM and AFM techniques, and contact angle measurement CA. Results proved that CA increased with the increasing of PS ratio and additions of nano-TiO2 and CaCO3.The composite coatings have dense topography with roughness increased with increasing of the CaCO3 addition, and porous morphology characterized by clear distribution of the nano TiO2 particles and larger CaCO3 modification particles. Also, it could be concluded that the %20PS/%6TiO2/1gCaCO3 coatings, could give promised effect in modification of bricks surfaces from superhydrophilic substrates to Superhydrophobic with higher contact angle 167.3987°. This results will encourage the future research in surface engineering of bricks surfaces using CaCO3 particles for self-cleaning and environmental applications.
Surface Water Detection Method for Water Resources Management
Authors: Assaf Abdulmalik T. , Sayl Khamis N. , Adham Ammar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmall significance earth dams during the dry period for locals at most semi-arid cannot be overestimated. Water stored in the same of these dams is little or no lack of domestic water and drinking water for residents during dry periods. The main limitation is the lack of knowledge of the storage quantities of small dams in the study area and knowing this form of field data regularly is costly and needs a long and arduous time. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) can be used in this study due to their ability to measure and analyze the amount of water stored in some small reservoirs. In this paper, the Water Natural Difference Index (NDWI) is used to detect the surface area as the base to estimate small reservoir storage capacities. The model equation created by this study provided a tool to know the amount of water available per day in the small reservoirs during the dry season and thus was able to obtain clear pictures of the water resources system by the planners. This method may help the planners and water managers will quickly make decisions on how to utilize and manage the available water given the various competing uses.
An Approach for Designing Different Sustainable and Economical Concrete Mixes
Authors: Dawood Eethar Thanon , Mhmood Marwa Saadi , Malallah Mohammad Abdul-Kareem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The design of sustainable and economic concrete mixes can be considered as a potential challenge for building’s engineers and experts. Thus, this paper presents the possibility of designing such concrete mixes using low to moderate amounts of cement and using waste glass and steel slag powders. The use of three groups from concrete mixes have been prepared by control mix, 20% cement replacement, 25% cement replacement and 30% cement replacement by such powders. The compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and the dry density of concrete have been studied. Besides, the economic efficiency for the different concrete mixes has also been studied. The results show that the use of combination of glass and steel slag powders of 20% replacement of cement (10% each) exhibited a significant balance between strengths values and economical consideration.