bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low occurrence of multi‐antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in Salmonella enterica from wild birds in the United States
Authors: Fu Yezhi , M'ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Whitehouse Chris A. , Tate Heather , Ottesen Andrea , Lorch Jeffrey M. , Blehert David S. , Berlowski‐Zier Brenda , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWild birds are common reservoirs of Salmonella enterica. Wild birds carrying resistant S. enterica may pose a risk to public health as they can spread the resistant bacteria across large spatial scales within a short time. Here, we whole‐genome sequenced 375 S. enterica strains from wild birds collected in 41 U.S. states during 1978–2019 to examine bacterial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. We found that Typhimurium was the dominant S. enterica serovar, accounting for 68.3% (256/375) of the bird isolates. Furthermore, the proportions of the isolates identified as multi‐antimicrobial resistant (multi‐AMR: resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes) or multi‐heavy metal resistant (multi‐HMR: resistant to at least three heavy metals) were both 1.87% (7/375). Interestingly, all the multi‐resistant S. enterica (n = 12) were isolated from water birds or raptors; none of them was isolated from songbirds. Plasmid profiling demonstrated that 75% (9/12) of the multi‐resistant strains carried resistance plasmids. Our study indicates that wild birds do not serve as important reservoirs of multi‐resistant S. enterica strains. Nonetheless, continuous surveillance for bacterial resistance in wild birds is necessary because the multi‐resistant isolates identified in this study also showed close genetic relatedness with those from humans and domestic animals.
Strategic non‐use of the government's precommitment ability for emissions taxation: Environmental R&D formation in a Cournot duopoly
Authors: Ouchida Yasunori , Goto Daisaku 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe primary focus of this paper is to examine the link between environmental R&D formation and the strategic use or non‐use of a government's ability to precommit to an emissions tax rate. The existing literature implicitly omits this important matter. This paper comprehensively evaluates various regulatory contexts separated by the timing of emissions taxation and by environmental R&D formations in a Cournot duopoly. The following three points are revealed. First, an equilibrium occurs in which the government does not strategically use its emissions tax rate precommitment ability to enhance social efficiency. Second, if the efficiency of environmental R&D costs is high and if environmental damage is serious, then the government should precommit to an emissions tax rate and allow for the cartelization of the two firms' environmental R&D. However, if the environmental R&D cost efficiency and environmental damage are both low, then the government should adopt a time‐consistent emissions tax and allow for the cartelization of the two firms' environmental R&D. Third, when the two firms can form an environmental research joint venture (ERJV), ERJV cartelization should be invariably allowed, even if the government is a strategic non‐user of its precommitment ability.
Improving oxidative stability of foods with apple‐derived polyphenols
Authors: López‐Fernández Olalla , Bohrer Benjamin M. , Munekata Paulo E.S. , Domínguez Rubén , Pateiro Mirian , Lorenzo José Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsumers demand healthy and natural food products. Thus, naturally derived antioxidants are emerging as a promising alternative to the use of present ingredients. Apples and apple derivative products (e.g., apple juice, apple cider, apple sauce, and others) are widely consumed throughout the world for a variety of different reasons and supply a large quantity of polyphenolic compounds. The extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apples and their incorporation into processed foods as naturally sourced ingredients could be a preferred alternative to commonly used commercial antioxidants that are used in many foods. In addition, they could have a positive impact on the environment and on the economy due to the utilization of byproducts generated during processing of apples, like apple pomace. In terms of the extraction procedures for the antioxidant compounds found in apples, the most efficient processes are methods that use ultrasound as the extraction tool. With this technique, greater yields are achieved, and less extraction time is required when compared with other, more conventional, extraction methods. However, parameters such as the extraction solvent, temperature during extraction, and extraction time must be suitably optimized in order to obtain the best performance and the highest antioxidant capacity. From an application standpoint, the use of apple‐derived polyphenol extracts as a naturally derived food additive has documented applications for bread, meat, fish, cookies, and juices and there is evidence of increased antioxidant capacity, reduced rate of lipid oxidation, and increased storage time without compromising on sensory properties.
Measuring long‐run gasoline price elasticities in urban travel demand
Authors: Donna Javier D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI develop a structural model of urban travel to estimate long‐run gasoline price elasticities. I model the demand for transportation services using a dynamic discrete‐choice model with switching costs and estimate it using a panel dataset with public market‐level data on automobile and public transit use in Chicago. Long‐run own‐ (automobile) and cross‐ (transit) price elasticities are substantially more elastic than short‐run elasticities. Elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. I use the estimated model to evaluate the response to several counterfactual policies. A gasoline tax is less regressive after accounting for the long‐run substitution behavior.
Novel approaches to the assessment and treatment of lamellar macular hole
Authors: Frisina Rino , Tozzi Luigi , Gius Irene , Pilotto Elisabetta , Midena Edoardo 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo analyse morpho‐functional foveal changes in eyes with lamellar macular hole (LMH) by an integrated assessment of short‐wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW‐FAF) and microperimetry (SW‐FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment) before and after treatment with a technique of double‐inverted flaps of epiretinal proliferation (EP) and internal limiting membrane (ILM).MethodsClinical and tomographic parameters were best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), LMH size, central retinal thickness (CRT) and outer retinal layer integrity. SW‐FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment allowed to analyse retinal sensitivity (RS) and FAF status of the fovea by an overlay of RS map on SW‐FAF image. Follow‐up was at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 postoperative months.ResultsForty pseudophakic eyes. Hyper‐FAF area was associated with larger LMH size (p = 0.0073) and inversely correlated with CRT (p = 0.021). Lower preoperative RS was observed in hyper‐FAF than normo‐FAF areas (p = 0.0117). External limiting membrane (ELM) defect was associated with worse BCVA (p = 0.0004). After surgery, BCVA improved (p = 0.001) and it was related to ELM recovery (p = 0.00483), hyper‐FAF area decreased (p = 0.001), and RS increased (p = 0.440). Hyper‐FAF points that normalized their FAF were associated with higher RS improvement compared to unchanged points.ConclusionShort‐wavelength fundus autofluorescence/microperimetry integrated assessment provides important information on the entity of damage of LMH and on postoperative recovery. Double‐inverted EP and ILM flap technique is safe and effective for LMH treatment.
Use of graph theory to study connectivity and regionalisation of the Polish urban network
Authors: Anna Jażdżewska Iwona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper uses graph theory to analyse the cohesion and regionalisation of an urban settlement network. The vertices show cities (as points), while the edges reflect distances between the cities located no farther than 25 km apart. As a research area, towns were selected that had the administrative status of cities in Poland in 2002. After an investigation of the graph theory literature, the properties of simple graphs were used to analyse the network, including full, regular, connected, and biconnected graphs. The question posed was: how coherent is a connected graph? Namely, how many edges have to be removed from a graph for it to become disconnected? For this reason, “weak points” were sought in the graphs: null graphs, bridges, and articulation points. It was assumed that the network of cities represented by a graph creates a regular and biconnected network in areas where it is permanently formed. This provided the basis for identifying areas with distinctly urbanised settlement networks. The indexes proposed by Kanski, which can be used for comparative studies, were also used to evaluate coherence. Owing to the functions provided by GIS tools and, in particular, the utilisation of additional layers with rivers, communication routes, and the historical borders of Poland over the last millennium, the interpretation of graph connectivity was able to take historical features into account. The shapes of the graphs and their degrees of connectivity described the properties of the regional settlement networks in Poland, while the historical interpretation allowed us to discuss the historical conditions leading to the formation of these networks. The analysis was conducted using GIS tools.
Evaluation of the Polish version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale in parents of typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jankowska Dorota M. , Omelańczuk Iwona , Pisula Ewa , Karwowski Maciej 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundParental self‐efficacy describes parents' self‐perceived competence in fulfilling their roles. The Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) is one of the most commonly used self‐report instruments, allowing for parental self‐efficacy measurement.MethodsThis paper summarizes the results of three studies (total N = 2088) conducted to examine factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and criterion validity of the Polish version of PSOC (PSOC‐PL). The studies were carried out among parents (mothers and fathers) of typically developing 14‐ and 15‐year‐olds (Study 1, n = 1404) as well as among parents of typically developing children aged 6–16 (Study 2, n = 248), parents of typically developing children and children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (Study 3, n = 436, ages ranged from 6 to 13).ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (Study 1) demonstrated an acceptable fit of the theorized two‐factor model, with theorized Satisfaction and Efficacy factors. The subscales' internal consistencies were satisfactory across all studies (Studies 1–3), and PSOC's test–retest reliability (Study 2) over a 3‐week interval was very high. Parents of children with developmental disorders (Study 3) reported lower efficacy than parents of typically developing children.ConclusionsThe results of these three studies attest that the Polish version of PSOC is a reliable and valid measure of parental self‐efficacy beliefs.
Beyond co‐occurrence: Addressing the intersections of domestic violence, mental health and substance misuse
Authors: Humphreys Cathy , Heward‐Belle Susan , Tsantefski Menka , Isobe Jasmin , Healey Lucy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper reports an Australian project designed to simultaneously explore and capacity build professional practice when working at the intersection of parental mental health and/or problematic substance use and domestic violence (DV). Data from this paper are derived from two main sources: observations and ethnographic notes obtained during 28 Community of Practice (CoP) meetings and semi‐structured interviews with 28 CoP participants. Participants were front‐line workers from a range of government and non‐government organizations providing services to families experiencing DV across three Australian states who participated in The STACY Project: Safe and Together Addressing ComplexitY. Thematic analysis was employed to examine the research questions: How do professionals and organizations understand and respond to families experiencing DV, parental mental health difficulties and problematic substance use issues? How did practitioners report participation in the STACY Project reorienting professional practice with families experiencing DV, parental mental health difficulties, and substance misuse issues? This paper reports workers' exploration of practice implications. The research found that ‘domestic violence blind’ practice has become entrenched at the intersections of child protection, substance misuse and mental health problems, but a shared framework could bring practitioners from diverse sectors together to generate new ways of working with these complex problems.
Measuring a Sense of Belonging at Museums and Cultural Centers
Authors: Price C. Aaron , Applebaum Lauren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBetter understanding guests’ sense of belonging can explain why some feel quite at home in museums while others would never consider visiting. To do so, we start by developing a model of belonging uniquely suited for museums and cultural institutions. Based on literature and expert interviews, it includes three elements of belonging: Inclusion, Place Belongingness and Context of the visit. This study presents an easy‐to‐use survey instrument designed to measure all aspects of the model. It adapts two previously published scales while introducing the Cultural Context Belonging Scale, newly developed for these settings. We tested it with 333 guests leaving a science museum and present results of a confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validation. The former showed the new scale consisted of two factors based on concepts of community and agency. Overall, community belongingness showed the most significant difference among guests’ reported sense of overall belonging at the museum. Black or African American, Latinx and Asian guests thought of community more often related to their race and ethnic identity. In contrast, White guests thought of community in terms of a place or location.
Embedded electronic medical record text data mining using neural network association classification algorithm
Authors: Mu Xiuli , Zhang Hongyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe embedded electronic medical record (EMR) information is analysed through a neural network algorithm in the field of deep learning to mine the main sentence of EMR text. The pure convolutional neural network model (PCNN) based on pooled and non‐pooled analysis is constructed based on deep learning CNN to mine EMR text. An association classification algorithm based on neural network is proposed, which integrates classification rules into the neural network and realizes the rapid establishment of neural network structure and parameter setting. Character embedding is imported and combined with a sliding window. Then, CNN is adopted to classify the Chinese character tags of the neural network model. Finally, the model is applied to the word segmentation of the actual pregnant women's EMR text. The results show that the scores of the Biomedical Engineering Society and Bioelectronics in Peking University and Microsoft Reserved Partition datasets are between 0.9516 and 0.9684 and the performance is basically the same, which shows that the model has strong stability. The performance of the max‐pooling, n‐max pooling, and mean‐pooling are all between 0.8004 and 0.8634, but the above results are not as good as the model without pooling layer. For this new fast method to obtain neural network parameters, once the classification rules are given, the parameters in PCNN can be set quickly, and provide a practical basis for the development of deep learning in the medical field.
Analyses of 3D non‐planar fatigue crack propagation with smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Tazoe Koki , Yagawa Genki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study discusses fatigue crack propagation simulation using smoothed particle hydrodynamics for nonplanar crack propagation problems in a three‐dimensional body. The algorithm for the nonplanar crack to propagate in the solid and C0 continuous crack front model, called the “chained crack front line” for the nonplanar crack, is proposed. The model is used to simulate some of the conducted experimental fatigue tests of nonplanar crack propagation. The model results matched experimental results. We conclude that the proposed method is a valuable tool in estimating the nonplanar fatigue crack propagation phenomena in actual mechanical structures.
Monthly measurement of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponins T and creatine kinase in asymptomatic chronic hemodialysis patients: A one‐year prospective study
Authors: Gremaud Stéphane , Fellay Benoît , Hemett Ould Maouloud , Magnin Jean‐Luc , Descombes Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiology guidelines recommend measuring high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) for the diagnostic work‐up of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Many hospitals measure hs‐cTnT, but preliminary data have shown that hs‐cTnT is higher than normal in many hemodialysis patients without evidence of ACS. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the hs‐cTnT levels every month for 1 year in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients, in order to assess their changes over time relative to creatine kinase.MethodsFourty‐four hemodialysis patients (mean age 67 ± 14 years) were included. The predialysis levels of fifth‐generation hs‐cTnT, CK, and CK‐MB were measured every month for 1 year using a Cobas® 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).ResultsAlmost 100% of hs‐cTnT measurements were higher than normal (N < 14 ng/L); the mean ± SD annual level was 84 ± 59 ng/L, ranging from a minimum of 24 ± 2 to 241 ± 28 ng/L in individual patients. The mean levels of CK and CK‐MB were normal. Thirteen myocardial infarctions were analyzed, which were all associated with an initial elevation in hs‐cTnT >45% from the individual baseline value. By comparison, CK and CK‐MB only increased in 38% and 31% of these myocardial infarctions, respectively.Discussionhs‐cTnT is persistently higher than normal in chronic hemodialysis patients. Standard algorithms for diagnosing ACS can obviously not be used and alternative diagnostic strategies need to be developed. According to our data, and given the huge variation in baseline hs‐cTnT levels among patients, the use of higher cut‐offs as proposed in the literature cannot be recommended. Instead, we consider that hs‐cTnT should be checked at regular intervals (e.g., every 3–6 months) in order to establish individual baseline levels for hs‐cTnT. This approach, in most instances, not only makes it possible to more rapidly rule‐in but also to rapidly rule‐out, cases of ACS in hemodialysis patients who develop cardiac symptoms.
Effect of lanthanum carbonate on the progression of coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xu Jun‐Peng , Zeng Rui‐Xiang , Liao Peng‐Da , Zhang Min‐Zhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCoronary artery calcification and cardiac abnormalities are common in hemodialysis patients. The value of lanthanum carbonate over calcium‐based phosphate binders in managing the progression of coronary artery calcification is debated. We reviewed all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the two strategies in these patients.MethodsRCTs comparing lanthanum carbonate with calcium‐based phosphate binders used in adult hemodialysis patients were identified in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang databases.FindingsTen RCTs involving 687 patients were suitable for inclusion. Compared with calcium‐based phosphate binders, lanthanum carbonate yielded lower coronary artery calcium scores (weighted mean difference, WMD: −74.28, 95% CI: −149.89, 1.33), change in coronary artery calcium scores (WMD: −105.18, 95% CI: −113.83, −96.53), and left ventricular mass index (WMD: −29.95, 95% CI: −54.25, −7.45). Lanthanum carbonate was significantly associated with lower levels of serum phosphate (WMD: −0.18, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.10), calcium (WMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.25, −0.20), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) (standard mean difference: −3.78, 95% CI: −5.60, −1.96) but not intact parathyroid hormone (WMD: −4.23, 95% CI: −64.12, 55.65). Moreover, a reduced risk of nonfatal cardiovascular events (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.10–0.97) but not all‐cause mortality (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.39–3.01) in lanthanum carbonate therapy was observed.DiscussionIn hemodialysis patients, lanthanum carbonate therapy may impede the progression of coronary artery calcification and left ventricular mass index and lead to reduced serum phosphate, calcium, FGF23, and nonfatal cardiovascular events compared with calcium‐based phosphate binders. However, more well‐designed RCTs are required for confirmation.
Evaluation of the success rate of pit and fissure sealants on first molars: 12 months follow‐up study
Authors: Behroozian Ahmad , Aghazadeh Zahra , Sadrabad Zahra Khalili , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Alizadeh Vali , Esmaili Zeynab , Pirzadeh Ashraf Marzieh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionDental caries by far is the most prevalent concern of the preadolescents and adolescents in dental clinics. Despite the provision of local fluoride, the occlusal surfaces of teeth are susceptible to dental caries. Pit and fissure sealant therapy is a preventive method to decrease dental caries in permanent teeth. The present study aimed to evaluate the success of fissure sealant treatments of first molar teeth, at 3, 6 and 12 months follow‐ups.Materials and methodsSixty‐five children were randomly selected. The subjects had already received fissure sealants in the department of public health dentistry. Demographic data, including age and gender, sealant failure and the type of failure were recorded in the relevant checklists. Feigal criteria were used to evaluate the success or failure of fissure sealant treatments.ResultsOverall success rate was 74.3% for 1 year. Evaluation of the failure rate showed that at the 3‐month interval, 20.6% of the sealants exhibited failure (57.1% due to margin discoloration and 42.9% due to lack of margin adaptation). 28.6% of the sealants failed at the 6‐month (75% due to marginal discoloration and 25% due to anatomical form) and 41.2% failed at the 12‐month interval (57.1% due to marginal discoloration and 42.9% due to the lack of margin adaptation).ConclusionThe total failure rate of fissure sealant failures after 1 year was 27.7%. The most frequent reason for the failure of fissure sealants was marginal discoloration.