bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular safety of vibegron, a new β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, in older patients with overactive bladder: Post‐hoc analysis of a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind comparative phase 3 study
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Takeda Masayuki , Gotoh Momokazu , Yokoyama Osamu , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Takahashi Satoru , Masumori Naoya , Nagai Shinji , Minemura Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the safety and efficacy of vibegron, a new β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, in patients aged ≥65 years, with a focus on the effects on cardiovascular system and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.MethodsA post‐hoc subgroup analysis was performed of a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind comparative phase 3 study of vibegron, including those assigned to receive either vibegron 50 mg (V50), vibegron 100 mg (V100), or placebo for 12 weeks. Subjects were stratified into two subgroups based on age: a <65‐year subgroup and a ≥65‐year subgroup. Safety (changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and residual urine volume) and efficacy (changes in the numbers of micturitions, urgency episodes, urgency urinary incontinence [UUI] episodes, and the voided volume/micturition) were assessed in the subgroups treated with vibegron vs. placebo.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the cardiovascular outcomes (blood pressure and pulse rate), nor in the changes in residual urine volume, between the V50/100 and placebo groups in the <65‐year or ≥65‐year subgroup after 12‐week treatment. Adverse events were slightly increased in the ≥65‐year subgroup. In the efficacy analysis, V50/100 demonstrated similar efficacy in the <65‐year and ≥65‐year subgroups; an increasing trend in the voided volume/micturition was observed in subjects aged ≥65 years compared to subjects aged <65 years.ConclusionsVibegron was suggested to be similarly effective in patients ≥65 and <65 years and to have minimal influence on cardiovascular parameters.
Revisiting trajectories of BMI in youth: An in‐depth analysis of differences between BMI and other adiposity measures
Authors: Sylvestre Marie‐Pierre , Ahun Marilyn N. , O'Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveBody mass index (BMI) is used to identify trajectories of adiposity in youth, but it does not distinguish fat‐ from fat‐free‐mass. There are other inexpensive measures of adiposity which might better capture fat‐mass in youth The objective of this study is to examine differences between sex‐specific trajectories of BMI and other adiposity indicators (subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness, waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio) which may better capture fat‐mass in youth.MethodsData come from four cycles of a longitudinal cohort of 1293 students in Montréal, Canada at ages 12, 15, 17 and 24. Group‐based trajectory models identified sex‐specific adiposity trajectories among participants with data in ≥3 cycles (n = 417 males; n = 445 females).ResultsThere were six trajectory groups in males and females for all five indicators, except for waist circumference (seven) in both sexes and triceps skinfold thickness (four) and waist‐to‐height ratio (five) in females. Most trajectories indicated linear increases; only the skinfold thickness indicators identified a decreasing trajectory. While all indicators identified a trajectory with high levels of adiposity, they differed in the number and relative size of trajectories pertaining to individuals in lower half of the adiposity distribution.ConclusionBMI is a satisfactory indicator of adiposity in youth if the aim of the trajectory analysis is to identify youth with excess adiposity, a known risk factor for cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.
A silicon rubber composite with enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties based on nanodiamond and boron nitride fillers
Authors: Qu Jiaying , Fan Lu , Mukerabigwi Jean Felix , Liu Cui , Cao Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSilicone rubber (SR) is a nonreactive and stable material that is widely applied in a wide variety of products including electrical and electronic appliances. Currently, the synthesis of SR with enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties is of great significance. Herein, an improved thermal conductive SR composite was synthesized by using nanodiamond (ND) and boron nitride (BN) as composite thermal conductivity fillers to the terminal hydroxyl functional group of SR. We studied the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the composites as well as the effects of different ratios of BN and ND fillers on the properties of SR composite. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the SR composite filled with 6 phr ND and 70 phr BN was up to 0.82 W/m K, which was remarkably increased by 70.83% than that of modified by a single filler (i.e., 70 phr BN). Moreover, the SR composite prepared with dual fillers (BN‐ND) showed better thermal stability, and the maximum thermal degradation temperature that was higher than that of the composite prepared with a single filler and pure SR. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the sample indicators were found to be better than those of the currently available similar products on the market.
Outcomes of Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia in Chinese children
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhen Zijun , Wang Juan , Sun Feifei , Lu Suying , Huang Junting , Zhang Yizhuo , Sun Xiaofei 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceBurkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and Burkitt leukemia behave aggressively. Thus far, there are limited data concerning survival and toxicity in Chinese children with Burkitt lymphoma or Burkitt leukemia who have undergone treatment with the non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Münster‐90/95 (NHL‐BFM‐90/95) protocol.ObjectiveTo analyze outcomes and toxicity in pediatric patients who exhibit Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia following treatment with the NHL‐BFM‐90/95 protocol.MethodsPatients aged <18 years with bone marrow involvement/leukemia who were treated with the NHL‐BFM‐90/95 protocol, with or without rituximab, in Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center from April 2004 to December 2018 were included in this retrospective analysis.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were eligible. Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement and Burkitt leukemia were present in 10 and 15 patients, respectively. Central nervous system infiltration was not observed in any patients. All patients underwent chemotherapy involving NHL‐BFM‐90/95 protocol. Six courses of treatment were administered to each patient (v‐AA‐BB‐CC‐AA‐BB‐CC). The BFM‐90/95 plus rituximab protocol was administered to 13 patients. The median follow‐up interval was 31.9 months (range, 2.5–158 months). Of the 25 patients, four died: three died of tumor progression and one died of therapy abandonment after relief of tumor lysis syndrome. The estimated 5‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were both 85.8% ± 5.0%.InterpretationChinese pediatric patients who exhibit Burkitt lymphoma with bone marrow involvement or Burkitt leukemia can achieve optimal treatment outcomes and exhibit good tolerance when using the NHL‐BFM‐90/95 protocol.
Differential abundance proteins associated with rapid growth of etiolated coleoptiles in maize
Authors: Niu Liangjie , Huang Weili , Liu Lunyu , Xu Chenhui , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince Charles Darwin discovered growth movements of the shoot tip (coleoptile) toward light, the grass coleoptiles have long been used as a model system to study plant growth. Rapid growth of the coleoptile is vital for successful seed germination and early seedling establishment. However, the proteome changes underlying the rapid growth of the coleoptiles are not yet clear in the model plant maize (Zea mays). In the present study, we investigated proteome changes in vivo occurring in the rapidly growing coleoptiles of maize with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. A quantitative comparison of the proteomes at 1.5, 3, and 5 days after germination showed significant changes in protein profiles with coleoptile growth. As a result, 31 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) representing 44 protein spots were identified, of which 21 DAPs with increased abundances were implied in growth‐related processes, including translational initiation, transcription regulation, protein and other compound synthesis, H+‐transmembrane transport and cytoskeleton organization. The selected DAPs were confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and immunoblot analysis. We suggested that the rapid growth of the coleoptile is largely due to its ability to quickly enhance relevant cellular processes, especially the increased synthesis of the growth‐related DAPs. The content of indole‐3‐acetic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid decreased significantly, and the content of gibberellins first decreased and then increased during the elongation of coleoptile. This study provides new insight into the significance of proteome changes in coleoptile growth.
In Vivo Tracking of the Degradation of Mesoporous Silica through 89Zr Radio‐Labeled Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Bindini Elisa , Ramirez Maria de los Angeles , Rios Xabier , Cossío Unai , Simó Cristina , Gomez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Soler‐Illia Galo , Llop Jordi , Moya Sergio E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are extensively studied as high‐potential drug delivery platforms, the successful clinical translation of these nanocarriers strongly depends on their biodistribution, biodegradation, and elimination patterns in vivo. Here, a novel method is reported to follow the in vivo degradation of MSNs by tracking a radioactive label embedded in the silica structure. Core–shell silica nanoparticles (NPs) with a dense core and a mesoporous shell are labeled with low quantities of the positron emitter 89Zr, either in the dense core or in the mesoporous shell. In vivo positron emission tomography imaging and ex vivo organ measurements reveal a remarkable difference in the 89Zr biodistribution between the shell‐labeled and the core‐labeled NPs. Release of the radiotracer from shell‐labeled NPs is used as a probe of the extent of silica dissolution, and a prompt release of the radioisotope is observed, with partial excretion already in the first 2 h post injection, and a slower accumulation in bones over time. On the other hand, when 89Zr is embedded in the nanoparticle core, the biodistribution remains largely unchanged during the first 6 h. These findings indicate that MSNs have fast, hour‐scale, degradation kinetics in vivo.
Chemical Heterointerface Engineering on Hybrid Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Li Wenbin , Song Qianqian , Li Matthew , Yuan Yifei , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Ni , Yang Zihao , Huang Jianfeng , Lu Jun , Li Xifei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chemical heterointerfaces in hybrid electrode materials play an important role in overcoming the intrinsic drawbacks of individual materials and thus expedite the in‐depth development of electrochemical energy storage. Benefiting from the three enhancement effects of accelerating charge transport, increasing the number of storage sites, and reinforcing structural stability, the chemical heterointerfaces have attracted extensive interest and the electrochemical performances of hybrid electrode materials have been significantly optimized. In this review, recent advances regarding chemical heterointerface engineering in hybrid electrode materials are systematically summarized. Especially, the intrinsic behaviors of chemical heterointerfaces on hybrid electrode materials are refined based on built‐in electric field, van der Waals interaction, lattice mismatch and connection, electron cloud bias and chemical bond, and their combination. The strategies for introducing chemical heterointerfaces are classified into in situ local transformation, in situ growth, cosynthesis, and other strategy. The recent progress about the chemical heterointerfaces engineering specially focusing on metal‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and Li–S batteries are introduced in detail. Furthermore, the classification and characterization of chemical heterointerfaces are briefly described. Finally, the emerging challenges and perspectives about future directions of chemical heterointerface engineering are proposed.
NIR‐II Fluorescence imaging for cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Ren Feng , Jiang Zhilin , Han Mengxiao , Zhang Hao , Yun Baofeng , Zhu Hongqin , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the major pipeline for transporting oxygen and nutrients to living tissues, well‐ordered and functional vasculature is vital to maintain the function of organisms. The cerebrovascular disorders induced by acute or chronic diseases, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and brain tumors, could cause vascular cognitive impairment and even mortality. Due to the complication of these cerebrovascular diseases, early diagnosis and monitoring their pathological processes in real time in animal models could enlighten us with insights into early prevention and effective treatment. Over the last decade, the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging technology has been well developed in both nanofluorophores and imaging systems. For cerebrovascular disorders, the collaborative use of wide‐field imaging setup with NIR‐II nanoprobes enable arteriovenous staging, and calculation of blood flow velocity to distinguish ischemic area in TBI and stroke. The changes in molecular and cellular levels of TBI provide the guidance on the design of targeted and activatable NIR‐II nanoprobes for evaluating and monitoring the microenvironment variations. For the brain tumors, both targeted strategy and focus ultrasound sonication are efficient approaches for overcoming the blood‐brain‐barrier and brain‐tumor‐barrier for delivery of nanoprobes. Therefore, NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided surgical navigation of brain tumors and resected lesions biopsy intraoperatively ensure the accuracy of surgery based on the precise definition of tumor margins. This review summarizes the recent advances in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging technology, which is mainly inclusive of well‐developed NIR‐II nanofluorophores and their applications in cerebrovascular diseases with address of its challenges and great potential in these aspects.
Canadian policy changes for alcohol‐based hand rubs during the COVID‐19 pandemic and unintended risks
Authors: Mustafa Rana , Purdy Sarah K. , Nelson Fina B. , Tse Timothy J. , Wiens Daniel J. , Shen Jianheng , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to major changes in public policies to address supply chain disruption and escalated the price of consumer disinfectant products. To address market demands on alcohol‐based hand rubs and disinfectants, Health Canada implemented major changes to the regulations regarding composition, handling, transportation, and packaging to insure product availability. Furthermore, accelerated licensing of ingredients and packaging did not meet standard medical quality guidelines yet were authorized for manufacturing and packaging of alcohol‐based hand rubs and disinfectants. The accountability associated with these policy changes were reactive, including industry self‐reporting, consumer reporting, and Health Canada advisories and recalls that were responsive to products after they were available in the market. Nonetheless, Canadian public health policy increased hand sanitizers availability. However, some of the interim policies have raised major public health concerns associated with ethanol quality, packaging, and labeling, and enforcement of regulations. In this paper, we review the changes in the Canadian regulations amid the current pandemic and we evaluate the unintended health risks that might arise from these changes.
Nanobiotechnology‐enabled energy utilization elevation for augmenting minimally‐invasive and noninvasive oncology thermal ablation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Guo Lehang , Kong Fanlei , Duan Lixia , Li Hongyan , Fang Chao , Zhang Kun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDepending on the local or targeted treatment, independence on tumor type and minimally‐invasive and noninvasive feature, various thermal ablation technologies have been established, but they still suffer from the intractable paradox between safety and efficacy. It has been extensively accepted that improving energy utilization efficiency is the primary means of decreasing thermal ablation power and shortening ablation time, which is beneficial for concurrently improving both treatment safety and treatment efficiency. Recent efforts have been made to receive a significant advance in various thermal methods including non‐invasive high‐intensity focused ultrasound, minimally‐invasive radiofrequency and microwave, and non‐invasive and minimally‐invasive photothermal ablation, and so on. Especially, various nanobiotechnologies and design methodologies were employed to elevate the energy utilization efficiency for acquiring unexpected ablation outcomes accompanied with tremendously reduced power and time. More significantly, some combined technologies, for example, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gaseous therapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), immunotherapy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), or catalytic nanomedicine, were used to assist these ablation means to repress or completely remove tumors. We discussed and summarized the ablation principles and energy transformation pathways of the four ablation means, and reviewed and commented the progress in this field including newly developed technology or new material types with a highlight on nanobiotechnology‐inspired design principles, and provided the deep insights into the existing problems and development direction.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
A Decision-Support System for the Digitization of Circular Supply Chains
Authors: Ntalaperas Dimitris , Angelidis Iosif , Vafeiadis Giorgos , Vergeti Danai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs it has been already explained, it is very important for circular economies to minimize the wasted resources, as well as maximize the utilization value of the existing ones. To that end, experts can evaluate the materials and give an accurate estimation for both aspects. In that case, one might wonder, why is a decision support system employing machine learning necessary? While a fully automated machine learning model rarely surpasses a human’s ability in such tasks, there are several advantages in employing one. For starters, human experts will be more expensive to employ, rather than use an algorithm. One could claim that research towards developing an efficient and fully automated decision support system would end up costing more than employing actual human experts. In this instance, it is paramount to think long-term. Investing in this kind of research will create systems which are reusable, extensible, and scalable. This aspect alone more than remedies the initial costs. It is also important to observe that, if the number of wastes to be processed is more than the human experts can process in a timely fashion, they will not be able to provide their services, even if employment costs were not a concern. On the contrary, a machine learning model is perfectly capable of scaling to humongous amounts of data, conducting fast data processing and decision making. For power plants with particularly fast processing needs, an automated decision support system is an important asset. Moreover, a decision support system can predict the future based on past observations. While not always entirely spot on, it can give a future estimation about aspects such as energy required, amounts of wastes produced etc. in the future. Therefore, processing plants can plan of time and adapt to specific needs. A human expert can provide this as well to some degree, but on a much smaller scale. Especially in time series forecasting, it is interesting to note that, even if a decision support model does not predict exact values, it is highly likely to predict trends of the value increasing or decreasing in certain ranges. In the next sections, we are going to describe the four machine learning models that were developed and which compose the Decision Support System of FENIX. Section 8.1 describes how we predict the quality of the extracted materials based on features such as temperature, extruder speed, etc. Section 8.2 describes the process of extracting heuristic rules based on existing results. Section 8.3 describes how FENIX provides time-series forecasting to predict the future of a variable based on past observations. Finally, Sect. 8.4 describes the process of classifying materials based on images.
Onlinebeteiligung als politische Bildung
Authors: Behrendt Robert 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungPartizipation ist in Deutschland seit den 1990er-Jahren wieder ein relevantes Thema in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und politischen Bildungsarbeit und sogar in öffentlichen Verwaltungen. Sie ist seitdem auch zu einem nicht unbedeutenden (und politisch gewollten) Gradmesser des Zustandes der demokratischen Kultur in der Bundesrepublik geworden. Mitbestimmung als Fundament von Partizipation war in institutionalisierter Form zwar von Beginn an integraler Bestandteil demokratischer Gesellschaften und Organisationen, in nichtverfassten oder unkonventionellen Formen aber immer auch Gegenstand demokratischer Kontroversen.
Bildung Schluss
Authors: Simanowski Roberto 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Autor des Buches Die Macht der Computer und die Ohnmacht der Vernunft aus dem Jahr 1976, Joseph Weizenbaum – deutsch-amerikanischer Pionier und später scharfer Kritiker der künstlichen Intelligenz –, gab in seinem Vortrag „Die Verantwortung der Wissenschaftler und mögliche Grenzen der Forschung“ auf dem Ersten European Software Festival in München im Jahr 1991 zu bedenken, „dass die Welt kein privates Testlabor der Wissenschaftler ist“.
Die Algorithmisierung öffentlicher Kommunikation
Authors: Porlezza Colin 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung2016 veröffentlichte der japanische Filmemacher Keiichi Matsuda einen Konzeptfilm namens „Hyper-Reality“. Der in London lebende Designer und Künstler lässt den Zuschauer in seiner Zukunftsvision in eine grelle, durch visuelle Reize übersättigte Ästhetik eintauchen, in der mediale Technologien allgegenwärtig sind. Der Augmented Reality Videoclip spielt in Medellin, Kolumbien, und zeigt aus der Perspektive der Protagonistin Juliana Restrepo einen bunt blinkenden Trip durch eine mit virtuellen Anzeigen saturierte Welt, hart an der Grenze sensorischer Überlastung, wobei die physische und die virtuelle Realität verschmelzen und fast nicht mehr zu unterscheiden sind.
Digitale Kommunikation und transnationale Öffentlichkeit(en)
Authors: Eis Andreas 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungPolitische Willensbildung ist heute untrennbar mit neuen Formen digital gestützter Kommunikation verbunden und ohne diese nicht mehr erklärbar. Bürger*innen werden nicht nur über soziale Medien von Regierungsvertreter*innen, Parteien, Verbänden oder NGOs direkt adressiert, sondern initiieren selbstorganisierte Kampagnen, Informations-, Meinungs- und Bildungsportale. Politische Kommunikation unter Bedingungen der Digitalisierung ist immer weniger eine Einbahnstraße der Darstellung von Positionen oder der Legitimation von Entscheidungen gegenüber passiven Zuschauern und politischen Laien.
Politische Neutralität vs. politische Normativität in der politischen Bildung
Authors: Hentges Gudrun , Lösch Bettina 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Onlineplattformen „Neutrale Schulen“ können in spezifischer Weise als Formen des Hate Speechs bewertet werden und tragen zur Veränderungen des öffentlichen Raums bei. Der Beitrag diskutiert, wie sich dieser Kulturkampf, der Denunzierung und Diffamierung als Mittel nutzt, auf die politische Bildung auswirken.