bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein abundance and folding rather than the redox state of Kelch13 determine the artemisinin susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Schumann Robin , Bischoff Eileen , Klaus Severina , Möhring Sophie , Flock Julia , Keller Sandro , Remans Kim , Ganter Markus , Deponte Marcel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDecreased susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum towards the endoperoxide antimalarial artemisinin are linked to mutations of residue C580 of Kelch13, which is the homologue of the redox sensor Keap1 in vertebrates. Here, we addressed whether mutations alter the artemisinin susceptibility by modifying the redox properties of Kelch13 or by compromising its native fold or abundance. Using selection-linked integration and the glmS ribozyme, efficient down-regulation of Kelch13 resulted in ring-stage survival rates around 40%. While the loss of a potential disulfide bond between residues C580 and C532 had no effect on the artemisinin suceptibility, the thiol group of C473 could not be replaced. We also established a protocol for the production of recombinant Kelch13. In contrast to cysteine-to-serine replacements, common field mutations resulted in misfolded and insoluble protein. In summary, not the redox properties but impaired folding of Kelch13, resulting in a decreased Kelch13 abundance, is the central parameter for mutant selection.
Recruitment of Peroxin14 to lipid droplets affects triglyceride storage in Drosophila
Authors: Anderson-Baron Matthew N , Ueda Kazuki , Haskins Julie , Hughes Sarah C , Simmonds Andrew J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe activity of multiple organelles must be coordinated to ensure cellular lipid homeostasis. This includes the peroxisomes which metabolise certain lipids and lipid droplets which act as neutral lipid storage centres. Direct organellar contact between peroxisomes and lipid droplets has been observed, and interaction between proteins associated with the membranes of these organelles has been shown, but the functional role of these interactions is not clear. In Drosophila cells, we identified a novel localization of a subset of three transmembrane Peroxin proteins (Peroxin3, Peroxin13, and Peroxin14), normally required for peroxisome biogenesis, to newly formed lipid droplets. This event was not linked to significant changes in peroxisome size or number, nor was recruitment of other Peroxin proteins or mature peroxisomes observed. The presence of these Peroxin proteins at lipid droplets influences their function as changes in the relative levels of Peroxin14 associated with the lipid droplet surface directly affected the presence of regulatory perilipin and lipases with corresponding effects on triglyceride storage.Summary statementInteractions between peroxisomes and lipid droplets is thought to help coordinate management of cellular lipids. Peroxin proteins are required for peroxisome biogenesis. A spectrum of effects on triacylglyceride storage was seen when each of the 12 conserved Peroxins are knocked down in the Drosophila fat body with Peroxin14 knockdown having the largest effect. When Drosophila S2 cells were cultured in excess oleic acid, Peroxin3, Peroxin13, and Peroxin14, but not other Peroxins were localized to lipid droplets independently of other peroxisome markers. The presence of Peroxin14 at the lipid droplet surface altered recruitment of perilipin and lipase proteins.
Inclusive and regenerative urban tourism: capacity development perspectives
Authors: Bellato Loretta , Cheer Joseph M. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Using case study analysis, this paper aims to examine the application of capacity development perspectives, critical towards urban tourism that is inclusive and regenerative.

Design/methodology/approach
The study design used a mixed qualitative methods approach underpinned by the inclusive tourism development framework following Scheyvens and Biddulph (2017). This comprised in-depth interviews, focus groups and observational research. A community-based approach was adopted in a diverse cultural and socio-economic field setting.

Findings
The findings demonstrate that people who are marginalised hold valuable tacit knowledge and unique skills that can complement expert tourism knowledge and contribute to the development of more sustainable places and inclusive communities. This finding challenges claims that capacity development must occur before their participation. Local government, alongside non-government organisations and community groups, were found to have a significant role to play in ensuring that residents and people who are marginalised are included in sustainable tourism development.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the burgeoning discourse regarding stakeholder capacity development and readiness for inclusion in urban tourism initiatives. Importantly, regenerative development approaches are applied within the gambit of capacity development making this a unique attempt to integrate stakeholders into the design and implementation of tourism planning processes that uphold inclusive and regenerative priorities.
The prospective applicability of the strengths-based approach to managing and developing employees in small businesses
Authors: Wijekuruppu Chamila Kumudunee , Coetzer Alan , Susomrith Pattanee 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe strength-based approach is promulgated as a management practice that improves individual productivity and performance. This study's purpose is to explore the prospective applicability of the strengths-based approach to managing and developing employees in small businesses. The study focuses on four domains of practice: selection, training, performance evaluation and task assignment.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed semi-structured, face-to-face interviews to obtain data. The units of analysis were managers and employees of small businesses. Eleven managers and 19 employees were interviewed. Data analysis involved thematic analysis with the NVivo 12 software program.FindingsFirst, the small businesses used a strengths-based approach for employee selection during employees' temporary status of employment and in employee task assignment. However, managers did not employ a strengths-based approach to employee selection during selection interviews, training or performance evaluations. Second, the managers perceived strengths identification as a difficult task. Based on personal observations, they perceived employees' positive character traits, job-related skills and work-related efficiency as employee strengths.Practical implicationsThis study informs managers about a potential alternative to the traditional weakness-based management practice. The findings and conceptual arguments suggest that a strengths-based approach can provide a cost-effective alternative to the resource-intensive approaches commonly employed to enhance employee productivity and performance.Originality/valueThe study provides the first empirical evidence on the prospective applicability of the strengths-based approach to small businesses and explores conceptually the suitability of the said approach to this context.
Police bias and diminished trust in police: a role for procedural justice?
Authors: Madon Natasha S. , Murphy Kristina 
Published: July 2021

PurposeSince 9/11, Muslims have experienced discrimination and scrutiny from authorities. For many, this experience has damaged their trust in law enforcement and left them with the impression that they are viewed as suspect. This study seeks to better understand the relationship between Muslims' perceived police bias and trust, and how procedural justice may shape this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected survey data from 398 Muslims in Sydney, Australia, as part of a larger study on immigrants' views of police. Participants were surveyed on a range of topics including contact with police, global assessments of police procedural justice and how they believe police treat their cultural group.FindingsOverall, the authors find that the extent to which people perceive police bias is associated with their level of trust in police. Greater preconceived bias is associated with lower trust in police. The authors also find that perceiving police as procedurally just is positively related to trust. Importantly, this study finds a significant interaction effect between perceptions of police bias and procedural justice on Muslims' trust in police. Specifically, for those who hold the view that police are unbiased, perceiving police as generally procedural just has a strong positive effect on trust. For those who view police as biased against Muslims, procedural justice has a weak but positive effect on trust. This interaction effect suggests that perceived bias may shape how Muslims interpret police treatment of Muslims.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore how perceived police bias and perceptions of procedural justice predict and interact to shape Muslims' trust in police, advancing existing procedural justice policing scholarship.
Planned mode of birth after previous caesarean section and special educational needs in childhood: a population‐based record linkage cohort study
Authors: Fitzpatrick KE , Kurinczuk JJ , Quigley MA 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between planned mode of birth after previous caesarean section and a child’s risk of having a record of special educational needs (SENs).DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingScotland.PopulationA cohort of 44 892 singleton children born at term in Scotland between 2002 and 2011 to women with one or more previous caesarean sections.MethodsLinkage of Scottish national health and education data sets.Main outcome measuresAny SENs and specific types of SEN recorded when a child was aged 4–11 years and attending a Scottish primary or special school.ResultsChildren born following planned vaginal birth after previous caesarean (VBAC) compared with elective repeat caesarean section (ERCS) had a similar risk of having a record of any SENs (19.24 versus 17.63%, adjusted risk ratio aRR 1.04, 95% CI 0.99–1.09) or specific types of SEN. There was also little evidence that planned VBAC with or without labour induction compared with ERCS was associated with a child’s risk of having a record of any SENs (21.42 versus 17.63%, aRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17 and 18.78 versus 17.63%, aRR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98–1.08, respectively) or most types of SEN. However, an increased risk of sensory impairment was seen for planned VBAC with labour induction compared with ERCS (1.18 versus 0.78%, risk difference 0.4%, adjusted odds ratio aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.09–2.34).ConclusionsThis study provides little evidence of an association between planned mode of birth after previous caesarean and SENs in childhood beyond a small absolute increased risk of sensory impairment seen for planned VBAC with labour induction. This finding may be the result of performing multiple comparisons or residual confounding. The findings provide valuable information to manage and counsel women with previous caesarean section concerning their future birth choices.Tweetable abstractThere is little evidence planned mode of birth after previous caesarean section is associated with special educational needs in childhood.
Flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) population diversity and sources of resistance among Benin cowpea germplasm
Authors: Agbahoungba Symphorien , Datinon Benjamin , Billah Maxwell , Tossou Hospice Tamegnon , Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Kpoviessi Akovognon Dieudonne , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Sinsin Brice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a main legume food cultivated for its leaves and grains in Benin. However, cowpea production is limited by insect pests with flower bud thrips being the most damaging and can cause up to 100% yield loss. Host plant resistance is the best strategy to control the pest. This study aimed to screen Benin cowpea germplasm for resistance to flower bud thrips. Forty‐eight accessions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions with reared flower bud thrips. Data were collected on thrips damage (score = 1–9), larvae and adults thrips counts in flowers, on yield and yield components. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results showed that two thrips species (Megalurothrips sjostedti and Sericothrips occipitalis) attacked cowpea with M. sjostedti being the most dominant. The different collected populations of M. sjostedti caused similar damage to cowpea. Significant differences were observed among accessions for thrips damage, for yield and yield components. The accessions IT07K‐243‐1‐10, Nontchè‐Wagbèhamin, Kplobè‐Wewe, Kpegnikoun, Kpodjiguegue, Moussa, IT86D‐888, Sanzibanili and Sèwé were highly resistant to flower bud thrips by presenting low thrips damage and very few thrips counts in flower while Tiligré, IT83S‐742‐2 and IT84S‐2246‐4 were tolerant to thrips by presenting low thrips damage despite the presence of many thrips counts in flowers. These accessions could serve as resistance sources in breeding programs on cowpea in Benin.
Development of immunocapture reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays to detect both lily symptomless virus and cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Zhang Yubao , Xie Zhongkui , Wang Yajun , Wang Ruoyu , Guo Zhihong , Qiu Yang , He Yuhui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLily symptomless virus (LSV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are two of the most prevalent viruses that infect lily plants around the world. Infections of the edible Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) by these viruses seriously decrease crop yield in northwestern China. Development of reliable, practical and sensitive diagnostic tools is essential for surveillance and management of the viruses. Here we describe the development of immunocapture (IC) reverse transcription (RT) loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detecting both viruses. This approach captures viral antigens using antibodies (anti‐rabbit IgG) against recombinant LSV or CMV coat proteins and then detects them by means of RT‐LAMP, without needing to isolate RNA. Optimal conditions for both LAMP reactions were 60°C for 60 min. The detection limit of both assays was 100 times more sensitive than the IC‐RT‐polymerase chain reaction assay. The IC‐RT‐LAMP assay results are also visible to the naked eye using SYBR Green dye. This is the first study to report the detection of LSV and CMV in lily using an IC‐RT‐LAMP assay. We believe that this convenient and sensitive method has excellent potential for enhanced diagnosis of field‐collected samples, especially where laboratory facilities and technical resources are limited or absent.
Pseudomonas cerasi, the new wild cherry pathogen in Serbia and the potential use of recG helicase in bacterial identification
Authors: Iličić Renata , Jelušić Aleksandra , Marković Sanja , Barać Goran , Bagi Ferenc , Popović Tatjana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn May 2016, an unusual appearance of leaf spot (water‐soaked, brown‐purple, round to angular surrounded with yellow halos) was observed on the leaves of wild cherry specimens grown in Rimski Šančevi, Vojvodina (North Serbia). The causal pathogen was isolated from the wild cherry diseased leaves on Nutrient Agar supplemented with 5% sucrose and identified as Pseudomonas cerasi based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). PCR amplification and sequencing of four housekeeping genes—gapA, gltA, rpoD and gyrB—showed 100% (gapA, gltA), 99.81% (rpoD) and 99.67% (gyrB) identity with P. cerasi type strain CFBP8305T (=58T = LMG28609T) and strain PL963 sequences from NCBI database. Pseudomonas cerasi isolates (coded as RE10‐RE19) were LOPAT +− − − + (Pseudomonas Group Ia) and GATTa + − + −, produced fluorescent pigment, were able to utilise lactic and aspartic acid, but not tartaric acid. All isolates were pathogenic on wild cherry seedlings and leaves, immature sweet and sour cherry fruitlets, as well as on lilac leaves and green bean pods. This study also aimed to design new primers (recG‐F/recG‐R) for amplification of recG gene (encoding ATP‐dependent DNA helicase RecG) known for its crucial role in DNA recombination and repair. Amplification of this gene enabled high identification ability of our wild cherry isolates as well as isolates belonging to the closely related stone fruit pathogenic Pseudomonas species. The obtained results highlight the potential of using recG gene for the specific detection and the identification of pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae complex. This research presents the first report of P. cerasi infecting wild cherry as well as first description of this bacterium in Serbia. Obtained results indicate the risk from further spread of this bacterium with the infected cherries rootstock, having a key role in its epidemiology.
Severe progressive scarring pembrolizumab‐induced lichen planopilaris in a patient with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Uthayakumar Aarthy K , Rudd Emily , Noy Mariana , Weir Justin , Larkin James , Fearfield Louise 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLichenoid reactions are one of the many cutaneous immune‐related adverse events seen with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly anti‐PD1 inhibitors. We present a rare care of severe lichen planopilaris secondary to pembrolizumab, with progression even after cessation of immunotherapy. It is important to recognise the significant long‐term impact of these cutaneous adverse effects on patient’s quality of life.
Saline lavage for the management of severe pleural empyema: A cohort study
Authors: Guinde Julien , Laroumagne Sophie , Chollet Bertrand , Trias‐Sabrià Pere , Dutau Hervé , Astoul Philippe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in the treatment of pleural infection, up to 20% of patients die. So far, studies assessing the role of intrapleural saline lavage for the management of all stage pleural infections are very scarce, usually excluding patients with cancer.MethodsThe method used was a retrospective cohort study including pleural empyema managed with a pleural lavage of saline solution through a small‐bore chest tube. The primary outcome was the rate of failure at 3 months (surgical referral or additional pleural manoeuver due to recurrent infection or all‐cause mortality). Secondary outcomes were hospital stay, the change of the chest radiograph and inflammatory biomarkers, and complications.ResultsThirty patients with pleural empyema were included, 11 (36.7%) with an active cancer. The overall rate of failure at 3 months was 13.3% (surgical referral = 0; additional pleural manoeuver = 3; mortality = 1). Median length of pleural lavage and hospital stay were, respectively, 14 days (7–28) and 17 days (11–42). Inflammatory markers and size of the effusion on chest radiograph significantly decreased for Day 0 to Day 14. No chest tube blockade was reported, but seven (23.3%) accidentally withdrew. No other side effects were reported.ConclusionsIntrapleural saline lavage is efficient and safe for the management of pleural empyema, even in severe status patients with cancer, at the cost of a prolonged hospitalization.
Motor unit number estimation in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy treated with nusinersen
Authors: Schneider Christian , Wassermann Meike K. , Grether Nicolai B. , Fink Gereon R. , Wunderlich Gilbert , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to assess the organization and short‐term changes of motor units in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) treated with nusinersen.MethodsIn this single‐centre cross‐sectional and longitudinal study 15 adult patients with SMA type 3 were assessed and compared to 15 age‐matched healthy controls and nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, 10 patients with SMA were followed up after 4–8 months. All patients were investigated clinically and by the motor unit number estimation method MScanFit of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle.ResultsThe number of motor units (p < 0.001) was significantly lower in patients with SMA compared to healthy controls at study entry. Mean unit amplitude, median amplitude and largest unit (p < 0.001) were significantly increased in patients with SMA. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis showed a significant reduction of compound muscle action potential (p = 0.005) and number of motor units (p = 0.03) compared to patients with SMA, accompanied by a larger median amplitude (p = 0.03). A prospective analysis identified patients with the ability to walk to improve the number of motor units (p = 0.046) accompanied by a decreased median amplitude (p = 0.03). Electrophysiological measures showed a moderate to strong correlation with clinical scores.ConclusionPatients with SMA show loss of motor units in distal muscles. MScanFit variables indicate that compound muscle action potential amplitudes are maintained by collateral sprouting. Prospective analyses suggest that milder affected adult patients with SMA preferentially benefit from nusinersen treatment through recovery of smaller motor units. Correlations with clinical scores underline the potential of MScanFit as a surrogate marker.
First‐line therapies in late‐onset multiple sclerosis: An Italian registry study
Authors: Zanghì Aurora , Avolio Carlo , Amato Maria Pia , Filippi Massimo , Trojano Maria , Patti Francesco , D’Amico Emanuele ,   for the Italian MS register
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe diagnosis of late‐onset (age ≥50 years old) relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (LORRMS) has been increasingly described in clinical practice, whereas data focusing on the specific therapeutic management of LORRMS are scarce. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of injectable and oral first‐line disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) in a cohort of LORRMS patients with time to first relapse, time to confirmed disability progression (CDP), and time to discontinuation.MethodsThis is a multicenter, observational, retrospectively acquired cohort study on LORRMS‐naïve patients from the Italian MS Register who started either injectable or oral first‐line DMTs between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. LORRMS patients were divided into two groups, namely the injectable group (IG) and oral group (OG). Cox models adjusted with inverse probability‐weighted propensity score were built for the investigated outcomes.ResultsOf a cohort of 3989 patients, 302 were enrolled (203 in the IG and 99 in the OG). The two cohorts did not differ in baseline characteristics. Time to first relapse did not show any difference between the two groups (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–2.46,p = 0.797). Furthermore, no differences were found between the two groups with respect to the risk of CDP (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.35–3.06,p = 0.939), nor for the risk of DMT discontinuation (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.17–2.08,p = 0.425).ConclusionsReal‐world data from the Italian MS Register suggested that both injectables and oral first‐line DMTs similarly controlled the investigated outcomes in LORRMS.