bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital subtraction of temporally sequential mammograms for improved detection and classification of microcalcifications
Authors: Loizidou Kosmia , Skouroumouni Galateia , Pitris Costas , Nikolaou Christos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to demonstrate that automated detection and classification of breast microcalcifications, according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categorisation, can be improved with the subtraction of sequential mammograms as opposed to using the most recent image only.

Methods
One hundred pairs of mammograms were retrospectively collected from two temporally sequential rounds. Fifty percent of the images included no (BI-RADS 1) or benign (BI-RADS 2) microcalcifications. The remaining exhibited suspicious findings (BI-RADS 4-5) in the recent image. Mammograms cannot be directly subtracted, due to tissue changes over time and breast deformation during mammography. To overcome this challenge, optimised preprocessing, image registration, and postprocessing procedures were developed. Machine learning techniques were employed to eliminate false positives (normal tissue misclassified as microcalcifications) and to classify the true microcalcifications as BI-RADS benign or suspicious. Ninety-six features were extracted and nine classifiers were evaluated with and without temporal subtraction. The performance was assessed by measuring sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) at receiver operator characteristics analysis.

Results
Using temporal subtraction, the contrast ratio improved ~ 57 times compared to the most recent mammograms, enhancing the detection of the radiologic changes. Classifying as BI-RADS benign versus suspicious microcalcifications, resulted in 90.3% accuracy and 0.87 AUC, compared to 82.7% and 0.81 using just the most recent mammogram (p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Compared to using the most recent mammogram alone, temporal subtraction is more effective in the microcalcifications detection and classification and may play a role in automated diagnosis systems.
Achieving sustainable development goals from the perspective of solid waste management plans
Authors: Elsheekh K. M. , Kamel R. R. , Elsherif D. M. , Shalaby A. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAchieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 ad is one of the challenges and among the cross-cutting issues that countries around the world strive to achieve, despite it is not mandatory, to take control of the various negative environmental, economic, social, and urban impacts that threatened cities, in addition to benefits that are realized from achieving it. The research aims to promote the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals from the perspective of solid waste management (SWM) plans and programs, through analyzing and finding the interrelationship between SWM plans and programs and the related specific targets for each goal, in addition to using experts’ questionnaires to conclude the varying degrees of impact of SWM plans and programs at the level of 17 SDGs, which have been classified into groups, according to the most and the least affected by the SWM plans and programs. Where the goals of “sustainable cities and communities” and “good health and well-being” came in the lead of the goals; however, the goals of “quality education” and “peace, justice, and institutions” came in the tail of the goals that are affected by SWM plans and programs, according to the experts’ opinion.
Magical thinking and moral injury: exclusion culture in psychiatry
Authors: Beale Chloe 
Published: September 2021

Summary
This is an article about exclusion. We might not like to admit it – even fail to realise it – but National Health Service (NHS) mental health service structures have become increasingly focused on how to deny people care instead of help them to access it. Clinicians learn the art of self-delusion, convincing ourselves we are not letting patients down but, instead, doing the clinically appropriate thing. Well-meant initiatives become misappropriated to justify neglect. Are we trying to protect ourselves against the knowledge that we're failing our patients, or is collusion simply the easiest option? Problematic language endemic in psychiatry reveals a deeper issue: a culture of fear and falsehood, leading to iatrogenic harm. An excessively risk-averse and under-resourced system may drain its clinicians of compassion, losing sight of the human being behind each ‘protected’ bed and rejected referral.
Evaluation of local, regional and abscopal effects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) combined with immunotherapy in an ectopic colon cancer model
Authors: Trivillin Verónica A. , Langle Yanina V. , Palmieri Mónica A. , Pozzi Emiliano C.C. , Thorp Silvia I. , Benitez Frydryk Debora N. , Garabalino Marcela A. , Monti Hughes Andrea , Curotto Paula M. , Colombo Lucas L. , Santa Cruz Iara S. , Ramos Paula S. , Itoiz María E. , Argüelles Claudia , Eiján Ana M. , Schwint Amanda E. 
Published: September 2021

We previously demonstrated, for the first time, the abscopal effect of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in an ectopic model of syngeneic colon cancer in BDIX rats. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the local and regional therapeutic efficacy and abscopal effect of BNCT mediated by boronophenyl-alanine, combined with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as an immunotherapy agent in this model. Methods: The local effect of treatment was evaluated in terms of tumor response in the irradiated tumor-bearing right hind flank. Metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes was analyzed as an indicator of regional effect. The abscopal effect of treatment was assessed as tumor growth inhibition in the contralateral (non-irradiated) left hind flank inoculated with tumor cells 2 weeks post-irradiation. The experimental groups BNCT, BNCT + BCG, BCG, Beam only (BO), BO +BCG, SHAM (tumor-bearing, no treatment, same manipulation) were studied. Results: BNCT and BNCT + BCG induced a highly significant local anti-tumor response, whereas BCG alone induced a weak local effect. BCG and BNCT + BCG induced a significant abscopal effect in the contralateral non-irradiated leg. The BNCT + BCG group showed significantly less metastatic spread to tumor-draining lymph nodes vs SHAM and vs BO. Conclusion: This study suggests that BNCT + BCG-immunotherapy would induce local, regional and abscopal effects in tumor-bearing animals. BNCT would be the main effector of the local anti-tumor effect whereas BCG would be the main effector of the abscopal effect. Advances in knowledge: Although the local effect of BNCT has been widely evidenced, this is the first study to show the local, regional and abscopal effects of BNCT combined with immunotherapy, contributing to comprehensive cancer treatment with combined therapies.
Comparison of CBCT and panoramic radiography for the assessment of bone loss and root resorption on the second molar associated with third molar impaction: a systematic review
Authors: Moreira-Souza Larissa , Butini Oliveira Luciana , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Almeida-Marques Marcia , Asprino Luciana , Oenning Anne Caroline 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate whether the use of cone beam CT (CBCT) changes the diagnosis of external root resorption (ERR) or marginal bone loss (MBL) involving a second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar. Methods: A systematic search was applied in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. Studies assessing the detection of ERR or MBL in a second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar through CBCT and panoramic radiography (PAN) were included. Prevalence and agreement between PAN and CBCT on the detection of ERR and MBL were collected. The risk of bias was assessed using the MAStARI. Results: A total of 593 papers were identified, and after a 2-phase selection, 5 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Regarding ERR, its prevalence in PAN was reported from 5.31 to 19.5% and from 22.8 to 62.0% in CBCT. The percentage of agreement varied from 28.5 to 74.0%. The prevalence of MBL varied from 21.9 to 62.9% in PAN, while those values varied from 21.6 to 80% in CBCT images. The percentage of agreement between PAN and CBCT for the detection of MBL ranged from 66.0 to 85.0%. Four studies presented low risk of bias and one had moderate risk. Conclusions: More ERR and MBL are assessed in CBCT compared to PAN. There is a considerable agreement between PAN and CBCT assessment of ERR and MBL, however, mostly related to the absence of the pathology rather its presence.
H3K36me3 and PSIP1/LEDGF associate with several DNA repair proteins, suggesting their role in efficient DNA repair at actively transcribing loci
Authors: Sundarraj Jayakumar , Taylor Gillian C.A. , von Kriegsheim Alex , Pradeepa Madapura M 
Published: September 2021

Background: Trimethylation at histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) is associated with expressed gene bodies and recruit proteins implicated in transcription, splicing and DNA repair. PC4 and SF2 interacting protein (PSIP1/LEDGF) is a transcriptional coactivator, possesses an H3K36me3 reader PWWP domain. Alternatively spliced isoforms of PSIP1 binds to H3K36me3 and suggested to function as adaptor proteins to recruit transcriptional modulators, splicing factors and proteins that promote homology-directed repair (HDR), to H3K36me3 chromatin. Methods: We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of H3K36me3 followed by quantitative mass spectrometry (qMS) to identify proteins associated with H3K36 trimethylated chromatin in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We also performed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) followed by qMS for a longer isoform of PSIP1 (PSIP/p75) and MOF/KAT8 in mESCs and mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( MEFs). Furthermore, immunoprecipitation followed by western blotting was performed to validate the qMS data. DNA damage in PSIP1 knockout MEFs was assayed by a comet assay. Results: Proteomic analysis shows the association of proteins involved in transcriptional elongation, RNA processing and DNA repair with H3K36me3 chromatin. Furthermore, we show DNA repair proteins like PARP1, gamma H2A.X, XRCC1, DNA ligase 3, SPT16, Topoisomerases and BAZ1B are predominant interacting partners of PSIP /p75. We further validated the association of PSIP/p75 with PARP1, hnRNPU and gamma H2A.X and also demonstrated accumulation of damaged DNA in PSIP1 knockout MEFs. Conclusions: In contrast to the previously demonstrated role of H3K36me3 and PSIP/p75 in promoting homology-directed repair (HDR), our data support a wider role of H3K36me3 and PSIP1 in maintaining the genome integrity by recruiting proteins involved in DNA damage response pathways to the actively transcribed loci.
Evaluating Registered Reports Funding Partnerships: a feasibility study
Authors: Clark Robbie , Drax Katie , Chambers Christopher D. , Munafò Marcus , Thompson Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

Background: We studied a novel initiative – Registered Reports Funding Partnerships (RRFPs) – whereby research funders and journals partner in order to integrate their procedures for funding applications and Registered Reports submissions into one process. We investigated the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the impact of RRFPs on (1) research quality and (2) the efficiency of the research process, from funding to publication. Methods: We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews and follow-up questionnaires with stakeholders (funders, editors, authors, and reviewers) across six different RRFPs. Results: A RCT of RRFPs appears to be feasible in principle. The partnership concept seems worthwhile to pursue further and is adaptable to the needs of various funders and publishers, and across disciplines. Three primary outcomes of interest should be measurable, and participant randomisation could conceivably be done in a number of ways. In practice, however, the current volume of submissions going through existing partnerships is too low to support a full trial. Conclusions: Although a RCT of RRFPs is conceptually feasible, it will only be possible if organisations are willing to form new partnerships, scale up existing ones, and incorporate a trial (i.e., randomisation) into these partnerships.
The genome sequence of the common wasp, Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Crowley Liam ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Vespula vulgaris (the common wasp; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Vespidae). The genome sequence is 188 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 25 chromosomal pseudomolecules.
Vitamin E highly cross-linked polyethylene reduces mid-term wear in primary total hip replacement: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized clinical trials using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Li Zeng , Xiang Shuai , Wu Cuijiao , Wang Yingzhen , Weng Xisheng 
Published: September 2021

Vitamin E incorporation into highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) has been introduced to improve wear resistance, and vitamin E incorporated HXLPE (VEPE) has been used in total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the wear properties of VEPE in clinical practice by synthesizing the data provided in randomized clinical trials. The effects on implant stability, functional outcomes and revision rate of VEPE were also compared with those of HXPLE or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Literature searches were conducted on 1 January 2020 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the aforementioned parameters between VEPE and standard HXPLE/UHMWPE liners were included. Methodological quality and the bias of the included studies were analysed. Meta-analyses were performed using the Review Manager software. Nine RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included. At early and mid-term follow-up, the vertical penetration and the total penetration of the femoral head were both significantly reduced in the VEPE group. The steady state wear rate of the VEPE group was also remarkably lower. However, at two-year follow-up, significantly increased cup migration was observed in the VEPE group. Moreover, the mid-term clinical outcomes of the VEPE group were worse, while the total revision rates between the two groups were not significantly different. The limited number of included studies may compromise our conclusion regarding clinical outcomes of the VEPE bearing surface. More RCTs with longer follow-up periods are needed to further investigate the effects of VEPE in total hip arthroplasty. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:759-770. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200072
Management of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia: a scoping review
Authors: Arshad Zaki , Lau Edward Jun-Shing , Aslam Aiman , Thahir Azeem , Krkovic Matija 
Published: September 2021

Osteomyelitis refers to an inflammatory process causing bone destruction and necrosis. Managing such a persistent disease is complex, with a number of authors reporting different techniques. This scoping review aims to map and summarize the literature on treatment of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis, in order to improve the reader’s understanding of potential treatments and identify areas of further research. The methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EMCARE and CINAHL, for articles reporting treatment of chronic tibial/femoral osteomyelitis. Two reviewers independently performed title/abstract and full-text screening according to pre-defined criteria. A total of 1230 articles were identified, with 40 finally included. A range of treatments are reported, with the core principles being removal of infected tissue, dead-space management and antibiotic therapy. The majority (84.5%) of patients presented with stage III or IV disease according to the Cierny–Mader classification, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism. The proportion of patients achieving remission with no recurrence during follow-up varies from 67.7–100.0%. The majority of studies report excellent outcomes in terms of infection remission and lack of recurrence. However, identifying specific patient or treatment-related factors which may affect outcomes is currently challenging due to the nature of the included studies and unclear reporting of treatment outcomes. It is now important to address this issue and identify such factors using further high-level research methods such as randomized controlled trials and comparative cohort studies.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:704-715. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200136
Liquid-cladded optical phased array for a single-wavelength beam steering
Authors: Li Binghui , Sun Caiming , Wang Hongjie , Chen Zhenmin , Nie Xiaomin , Deng Shupeng , Yang Lesi , Zhang Aidong 
Published: September 2021

We report a simple concept to implement a single-wavelength beam steering based on a liquid-cladded one-dimensional (1D) optical phased array (OPA). The beam steering was realized by modifying the waveguide mode effective index through replacing the liquid upper claddings. A prototype of a 32-channel liquid-cladded OPA was fabricated and characterized. Owing to the high refractive index range of liquids (

>

0.625

), a maximum steering angle of

>

10

∘

was achieved with the liquid range from 1.0 to 1.63 at a wavelength of 940 nm. Moreover, the liquid-cladded OPA reveals a quasi-continuous beam steering range of

>

29

∘

by combining the liquid cladding tuning and discrete wavelength tuning of

λ
=

785

n
m

, 852 nm, and 940 nm. Further integration with optofluidic systems offers the OPA potential for low power consumption and all-fluidic beam steering operating at a single wavelength.
Impact of decreasing the proportion of higher energy foods and reducing portion sizes on food purchased in worksite cafeterias: A stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial
Authors: Reynolds James P. , Ventsel Minna , Kosīte Daina , Rigby Dames Brier , Brocklebank Laura , Masterton Sarah , Pechey Emily , Pilling Mark , Pechey Rachel , Hollands Gareth J. , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Overconsumption of energy from food is a major contributor to the high rates of overweight and obesity in many populations. There is growing evidence that interventions that target the food environment may be effective at reducing energy intake. The current study aimed to estimate the effect of decreasing the proportion of higher energy (kcal) foods, with and without reducing portion size, on energy purchased in worksite cafeterias.

Methods and findings
This stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated 2 interventions: (i) availability: replacing higher energy products with lower energy products; and (ii) size: reducing the portion size of higher energy products. A total of 19 cafeterias were randomised to the order in which they introduced the 2 interventions. Availability was implemented first and maintained. Size was added to the availability intervention. Intervention categories included main meals, sides, cold drinks, snacks, and desserts. The study setting was worksite cafeterias located in distribution centres for a major United Kingdom supermarket and lasted for 25 weeks (May to November 2019). These cafeterias were used by 20,327 employees, mainly (96%) in manual occupations. The primary outcome was total energy (kcal) purchased from intervention categories per day. The secondary outcomes were energy (kcal) purchased from nonintervention categories per day, total energy purchased per day, and revenue. Regression models showed an overall reduction in energy purchased from intervention categories of −4.8% (95% CI −7.0% to −2.7%), p < 0.001 during the availability intervention period and a reduction of −11.5% (95% CI −13.7% to −9.3%), p < 0.001 during the availability plus size intervention period, relative to the baseline. There was a reduction in energy purchased of −6.6% (95% CI −7.9% to −5.4%), p < 0.001 during the availability plus size period, relative to availability alone. Study limitations include using energy purchased as the primary outcome (and not energy consumed) and the availability only of transaction-level sales data per site (and not individual-level data).

Conclusions
Decreasing the proportion of higher energy foods in cafeterias reduced the energy purchased. Decreasing portion sizes reduced this further. These interventions, particularly in combination, may be effective as part of broader strategies to reduce overconsumption of energy from food in out-of-home settings.

Trial registration
ISRCTN registry ISRCTN87225572.
Socioeconomic inequalities in prevalence and development of multimorbidity across adulthood: A longitudinal analysis of the MRC 1946 National Survey of Health and Development in the UK
Authors: Khanolkar Amal R. , Chaturvedi Nishi , Kuan Valerie , Davis Daniel , Hughes Alun , Richards Marcus , Bann David , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: September 2021

Background
We aimed to estimate multimorbidity trajectories and quantify socioeconomic inequalities based on childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position (SEP) in the risks and rates of multimorbidity accumulation across adulthood.

Methods and findings
Participants from the UK 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) birth cohort study who attended the age 36 years assessment in 1982 and any one of the follow-up assessments at ages 43, 53, 63, and 69 years (N = 3,723, 51% males). Information on 18 health conditions was based on a combination of self-report, biomarkers, health records, and prescribed medications. We estimated multimorbidity trajectories and delineated socioeconomic inequalities (based on childhood and adulthood social class and highest education) in multimorbidity at each age and in longitudinal trajectories.
Multimorbidity increased with age (0.7 conditions at 36 years to 3.7 at 69 years). Multimorbidity accumulation was nonlinear, accelerating with age at the rate of 0.08 conditions/year (95% CI 0.07 to 0.09, p < 0.001) at 36 to 43 years to 0.19 conditions/year (95% CI 0.18 to 0.20, p < 0.001) at 63 to 69 years. At all ages, the most socioeconomically disadvantaged had 1.2 to 1.4 times greater number of conditions on average compared to the most advantaged. The most disadvantaged by each socioeconomic indicator experienced an additional 0.39 conditions (childhood social class), 0.83 (adult social class), and 1.08 conditions (adult education) at age 69 years, independent of all other socioeconomic indicators. Adverse adulthood SEP was associated with more rapid accumulation of multimorbidity, resulting in 0.49 excess conditions in partly/unskilled compared to professional/intermediate individuals between 63 and 69 years. Disadvantaged childhood social class, independently of adulthood SEP, was associated with accelerated multimorbidity trajectories from age 53 years onwards.
Study limitations include that the NSHD cohort is composed of individuals of white European heritage only, and findings may not be generalizable to the non-white British population of the same generation and did not account for other important dimensions of SEP such as income and wealth.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals have earlier onset and more rapid accumulation of multimorbidity resulting in widening inequalities into old age, with independent contributions from both childhood and adulthood SEP.