bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jennifer Egan, New Sincerity, and the Genre Turn in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Kelly Adam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article traces a development in Jennifer Egan’s literary ethos across her career: from a worry about the negative effects of popular genre conventions in her early fiction to a dedicated embrace, in her most recent work, of genre writing and of realist fiction as itself a genre. I situate Egan’s development in the context of a shift in the American literary field more generally, from the moment of literary New Sincerity in the 1990s and early 2000s to the much remarked-upon “genre turn” in literary fiction since the mid-2000s. I argue that Egan’s work allows us to see how New Sincerity laid the ground for the genre turn and to understand this process of literary change in its aesthetic, economic, political, and gendered dimensions.
Spatial Associations of Key Lepidopteran Pests With Defoliation, NDVI, and Plant Height in Soybean
Authors: Greene Anthony Daniel , Reay-Jones Francis P F , Kirk Kendall R , Peoples Brandon K , Greene Jeremy K 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, production, losses to, and control costs for insect pests can be significant limiting factors. Although the heterogeneity of pests has typically been ignored in traditional field management practices, technological advancements have allowed for site-specific pest management systems to be developed for the precise control of pests within a field. In this study, we chose to determine how the in-field distributions of the larvae of three major lepidopteran pests [velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and green cloverworm Hypena scabra (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (Fabricius)] were spatially associated with defoliation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and plant height in soybean. Spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) of data from two South Carolina soybean fields in 2017 and 2018 revealed a limited number of spatial aggregations for insect datasets. However, 14% and 6% of paired plant–insect datasets were significantly associated or dissociated, respectively. NDVI was found to be more associated with pest distributions than soybean plant heights and defoliation estimates, and the majority of all plant–insect associations and dissociations occurred in the first 4 wk of sampling (late July–early August). If changes are to be implemented regarding how a pest is managed, critical factors explaining the spatial distribution of pests must be identified. Results from this study advocate for the relationship between early-season distributions of pests and important plant variables such as NDVI to be further investigated to better determine the strength of the correlations across years and sites.
Maine’s Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)—Part 2: Comparisons of a Common (Bombus ternarius) and a Rare (Bombus terricola) Species
Authors: Butler Ronald G , Lage Christopher , Dobrin Scott E , Staples Joseph K , Venturini Eric , Frank Jereme , Drummond Francis A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As part of a quantitative survey of Maine’s bumble bee fauna (Butler et al. 2021), we compared and contrasted genetic diversity, parasite and pathogen burdens, and pesticide exposure of the relatively common Bombus ternarius Say, 1937 and the spatially rare Bombus terricola Kirby, 1837. We recorded 11 Bombus species at 40 survey sites across three Maine ecoregions, and B. ternarius was the most common species, while B. terricola was spatially rare. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated that B. terricola was associated with higher elevation sites in Maine, while B. ternarius was more broadly distributed in the state. Pollinator networks constructed for each bee indicated B. ternarius foraged on more plant species than B. terricola, but that there was considerable overlap (73%) in plant species visited. Genetic diversity was greater in the spatially restricted B. terricola, whereas the widely distributed B. ternarius was characterized by greater genetic differentiation among regions. Bombus terricola had higher molecular marker levels of the microsporidian fungi Nosema spp. and the trypanosome Crithidia spp., and both species had high levels of Trypanosoma spp. exposure. No Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus, 1758) viruses were detected in either species. Pesticides were not detected in pollen samples collected from workers of either species, and B. ternarius worker tissue samples exhibited only trace levels of diflubenzuron.
Tolerances of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) Larvae and Different Age Puparia to Water Flotation and Immersion
Authors: Yee Wee L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tolerance of terrestrial insects in temperate regions to water immersion and hypoxia has rarely been studied but can be an important adaptation to moist environments, with implications for insect dispersal through waterways. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), can be found in riparian habitats subject to flooding. Here, survival of R. pomonella larvae and different age puparia after flotation or immersion in 13.3°C or 21.1°C water for 1–12 d was determined. Larvae sank in water and when submerged for 1 or 2 d suffered greater mortality than control larvae. Fewer young (1–2 d old) than older puparia (13–15 d old) floated in water. When immersed in water for 1–12 d, young puparia suffered greater mortality than older puparia, which were not affected by water immersion. Consequently, fewer adult flies eclosed from puparia that had been water treated when young than older. Adult flies from pre-chill and post-chill puparia that had been water treated eclosed later than control flies, but treatment flies survived about 60 d and reproduced. Although newly-formed puparia are susceptible to hypoxic water conditions, increased buoyancy and water tolerance occur rapidly after formation, perhaps making survival possible and allowing water-borne dispersal of older puparia.
Supplementary role of left ventricular global longitudinal strain for predicting sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Hyung Kwan , Lee Sang Chol , Kim Jihoon , Park Jun Bean , Hwang In Chang , Choi You Jung , Lee Seung Pyo , Chang Sung A , Lee Whal , Park Eun Ah , Cho Goo Yeong , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
We investigated the prognostic role of left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and its incremental value to established risk models for predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods and results
LV-GLS was measured with vendor-independent software at a core laboratory in a cohort of 835 patients with HCM (aged 56.3 ± 12.2 years) followed-up for a median of 6.4 years. The primary endpoint was SCD events, including appropriate defibrillator therapy, within 5 years after the initial evaluation. The secondary endpoint was a composite of SCD events, heart failure admission, heart transplantation, and all-cause mortality. Twenty (2.4%) and 85 (10.2%) patients experienced the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Lower absolute LV-GLS quartiles, especially those worse than the median (−15.0%), were associated with progressively higher SCD event rates (P = 0.004). LV-GLS was associated with an increased risk for the primary endpoint, independent of the LV ejection fraction, apical aneurysm, and 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk score [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.28] or 2011 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) risk factors (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.32). LV-GLS was also associated with a higher risk for the composite secondary endpoint (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12). The addition of LV-GLS enhanced the performance of the ESC risk score (C-statistic 0.756 vs. 0.842, P = 0.007) and the 2011 ACC/AHA risk factor strategy (C-statistic 0.743 vs. 0.814, P = 0.007) for predicting SCD.

Conclusion
LV-GLS is an important prognosticator in patients with HCM and provides additional information to established risk stratification strategies for predicting SCD.
Evolution of right and left ventricle routine and speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019: a longitudinal study
Authors: Baruch Guy , Rothschild Ehud , Sadon Sapir , Szekely Yishay , Lichter Yael , Kaplan Alon , Taieb Philippe , Banai Ariel , Hochstadt Aviram , Merdler Ilan , Arbel Yaron , Laufer-Perl Michal , Beer Gil , Kapusta Livia , Topilsky Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
We aim to assess changes in routine echocardiographic and longitudinal strain parameters in patients recovering from Coronavirus disease 2019 during hospitalization and at 3-month follow-up.

Methods and results
Routine comprehensive echocardiography and STE of both ventricles were performed during hospitalization for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection as part of a prospective pre-designed protocol and compared with echocardiography performed ∼3 months after recovery in 80 patients, using a similar protocol. Significantly improved right ventricle (RV) fractional area change, longer pulmonary acceleration time, lower right atrial pressure, and smaller RV end-diastolic and end-systolic area were observed at the recovery assessment (P &lt; 0.05 for all). RV global longitudinal strain improved at the follow-up evaluation (23.2 ± 5 vs. 21.7 ± 4, P = 0.03), mostly due to improvement in septal segments. Only eight (10%) patients recovering from COVID-19 infection had abnormal ejection fraction (EF) at follow-up. However, LV related routine (E, E/e′, stroke volume, LV size), or STE parameters did not change significantly from the assessment during hospitalization. A significant proportion [36 (45%)] of patients had some deterioration of longitudinal strain at follow-up, and 20 patients (25%) still had abnormal LV STE ∼3 months after COVID-19 acute infection.

Conclusion
In patients previously discharged from hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection, RV routine echocardiographic and RV STE parameters improve significantly concurrently with improved RV haemodynamics. In contrast, a quarter of patients still have LV systolic dysfunction based on STE cut-offs. Moreover, LV STE does not improve significantly, implying subclinical LV dysfunction may be part and parcel of recovering from COVID-19 infection.
The Stuff of International Law
Authors: Landauer Carl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This review essay addresses the call for a ‘material turn’ in international law announced with the publication of International Law’s Objects. It will engage the book’s methodological forays into a material culture studies approach to international law by analysing the theoretical positions of the introductory essays. It will do so, in part, by reviewing the various goals enunciated, including a revitalization of what the editors see as a dusty, text-centric discipline, as well as their hope to broaden the range of international legal study. It will do so also by engaging material culture studies in source disciplines, such as anthropology and archaeology. The review essay will then analyse four of the case studies of objects, how they work with their chosen objects and what the contributors add to our understanding of international law with their confrontation. The essay will offer the potential goals of using material culture study by proposing that international legal study is advanced by enhancing our apprehension of the lived experience of international law through an engagement with objects and by a linked opening up of all the senses to bring us a fuller apprehension of the workings and impact of international law.
Heterogeneous and conditional returns from DT maize for farmers in Southern Africa
Authors: Paul Laura A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper assesses the relative advantage of drought-tolerant (DT) maize, conditional on drought severity, using an unbalanced panel of 4 years of on-farm yield trials and high-resolution precipitation data (10-day measurements at a 0.05° resolution) in Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Under rain-fed conditions, DT maize yield exceeds that of other varieties: 7 per cent higher yields on average and 15 per cent higher yields under moderate drought stress. While this contrasts with higher estimates measured in controlled trials, it nonetheless represents an economically significant advantage. This study further measures heterogeneity in the relative advantage conditional using conditional quantile analysis.
miR-181c level predicts response to exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: an analysis of the OptimEx-Clin trial
Authors: Gevaert Andreas B , Witvrouwen Isabel , Van Craenenbroeck Amaryllis H , Van Laere Steven J , Boen Jente R A , Van de Heyning Caroline M , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Mueller Stephan , Winzer Ephraim , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank , Beckers Paul J , Heidbuchel Hein , Wisløff Ulrik , Pieske Burkert , Adams Volker , Halle Martin , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M ,   For the OptimEx-Clin Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsIn patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), exercise training improves the quality of life and aerobic capacity (peakV·O2). Up to 55% of HF patients, however, show no increase in peakV·O2 despite adequate training. We hypothesized that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can distinguish exercise low responders (LR) from exercise high responders (HR) among HFpEF patients.Methods and resultsWe selected HFpEF patients from the Optimizing Exercise Training in Prevention and Treatment of Diastolic HF (OptimEx) study which attended ≥70% of training sessions during 3 months (n = 51). Patients were defined as HR with a change in peakV·O2 above median (6.4%), and LR as below median (n = 30 and n = 21, respectively). Clinical, ergospirometric, and echocardiographic characteristics were similar between LR and HR. We performed an miRNA array (n = 377 miRNAs) in 14 age- and sex-matched patients. A total of 10 miRNAs were upregulated in LR, of which 4 correlated with peakV·O2. Validation in the remaining 37 patients indicated that high miR-181c predicted reduced peakV·O2 response (multiple linear regression, β = −2.60, P = 0.011), and LR status (multiple logistic regression, odds ratio = 0.48, P = 0.010), independent of age, sex, body mass index, and resting heart rate. Furthermore, miR-181c decreased in LR after exercise training (P-group = 0.030, P-time = 0.048, P-interaction = 0.037). An in silico pathway analysis identified several downstream targets involved in exercise adaptation.ConclusionsCirculating miR-181c is a marker of the response to exercise training in HFpEF patients. High miR-181c levels can aid in identifying LR prior to training, providing the possibility for individualized management.
Point-of-care tests for pediatric urinary tract infections in general practice: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Boon Hanne A , De Burghgraeve Tine , Verbakel Jan Y , Van den Bruel Ann 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis of pediatrics urinary tract infections in the outpatient settings is challenging but essential to prevent hospitalization and kidney damage.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of a selection of point-of-care tests for pediatric urinary tract infections in general practice.

Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study in 26 general practices in Flanders, Belgium (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03835104). Urine was sampled systematically from children between 3 months to 18 years presenting with an acute illness of maximum 10 days. Samples were analyzed at the central laboratory with a routine dipstick test, the Utriplex test, the Uriscreen test and the Rapidbac as index tests, and with urine culture showing more than 105 colony-forming units per milliliter of one pathogen as reference standard. For each test, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and predictive values with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Three-hundred urine samples were available for analysis of which 30 samples were culture positive (10%). Sensitivities and specificities were 32% (95% CI 16%–52%) and 86% (95% CI 82%–90%) for the dipstick test, 21% (95% CI 8%–40%) and 94% (95% CI 91%–97%) for the Utriplex test, 40% (95% CI 16%–68%) and 83% (95% CI 75%–88%) for the Rapidbac test, and 67% (95% CI 38%–88%) with 69% (95% CI 60%–76%) for the Uriscreen test.

Conclusion
All 4 point-of-care tests were suboptimal for use in the broad range of children presenting with acute illnesses to general practice. General practitioners need novel methods for obtaining reliable urine samples during the time of the consultation, especially for children not yet toilet-trained.
Effects of GP characteristics on unplanned hospital admissions and patient safety. A 9-year follow-up of all Norwegian out-of-hours contacts
Authors: Svedahl Ellen Rabben , Pape Kristine , Austad Bjarne , Vie Gunnhild Åberge , Anthun Kjartan Sarheim , Carlsen Fredrik , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
There are substantial differences in hospital referrals between general practitioners (GPs); however, there is little research on the consequences for patient safety and further healthcare use.

Objective
To investigate associations between out-of-hours GP characteristics, unplanned hospital admissions, and patient safety.

Methods
This cohort study included all Norwegian out-of-hours services contacts from 2008 to 2016, linked to registry data on patient characteristics, healthcare use and death, and GP age, sex, specialist status, out-of-hours service experience, and prior admission proportion. We estimated the impact from GP characteristics on (i) immediate unplanned hospital admissions for “all conditions,” (ii) immediate unplanned hospital admissions for “critical conditions,” (iii) 30-day unplanned hospital admissions, (iv) 30-day hospital costs, and (v) 30-day risk of death. To limit confounding, we matched patients in groups by age, time, and location, with an assumption of random assignment of GPs to patients with this design.

Results
Patients under the care of older and male GPs had fewer immediate unplanned hospital admissions, but the effects on cumulative 30-day unplanned hospital admissions and costs were small. The GPs’ prior admission proportion was strongly associated with both immediate and 30-day unplanned hospital admissions. Higher prior admission proportion was also associated with admitting more patients with critical conditions. There was little evidence of any associations between GP characteristics and 30-day risk of death.

Conclusions
GPs’ prior admission proportion was strongly associated with unplanned hospital admissions. We found little effects on 30-day mortality, but more restrictive referral practices may threaten patient safety through missing out on critical cases.
Simulating the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions limiting transmission in COVID-19 epidemics using a membrane computing model
Authors: Campos M , Sempere J M , Galán J C , Moya A , Llorens C , de-los-Angeles C , Baquero-Artigao F , Cantón R , Baquero F 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTEpidemics caused by microbial organisms are part of the natural phenomena of increasing biological complexity. The heterogeneity and constant variability of hosts, in terms of age, immunological status, family structure, lifestyle, work activities, social and leisure habits, daily division of time and other demographic characteristics make it extremely difficult to predict the evolution of epidemics. Such prediction is, however, critical for implementing intervention measures in due time and with appropriate intensity. General conclusions should be precluded, given that local parameters dominate the flow of local epidemics. Membrane computing models allows us to reproduce the objects (viruses and hosts) and their interactions (stochastic but also with defined probabilities) with an unprecedented level of detail. Our LOIMOS model helps reproduce the demographics and social aspects of a hypothetical town of 10 320 inhabitants in an average European country where COVID-19 is imported from the outside. The above-mentioned characteristics of hosts and their lifestyle are minutely considered. For the data in the Hospital and the ICU we took advantage of the observations at the Nursery Intensive Care Unit of the Consortium University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain (included as author). The dynamics of the epidemics are reproduced and include the effects on viral transmission of innate and acquired immunity at various ages. The model predicts the consequences of delaying the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions (between 15 and 45 days after the first reported cases) and the effect of those interventions on infection and mortality rates (reducing transmission by 20, 50 and 80%) in immunological response groups. The lockdown for the elderly population as a single intervention appears to be effective. This modeling exercise exemplifies the application of membrane computing for designing appropriate multilateral interventions in epidemic situations.
Call It Transmutation: The Radioactive Poetics of Gaston Leroux's And Maurice Leblanc’s Detective Fiction
Authors: Bielecki Emma 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article explores the role and representation of radioactivity in two popular novels of the first decades of the twentieth century: Gaston Leroux’s Le Mystère de la chambre jaune (1907) and Maurice Leblanc’s L’Île aux trente cercueils (1919). It examines how the idea of transmutation emerged as a key concept in the discourse surrounding radioactivity in the years immediately following its discovery, and how Leroux and Leblanc seized on this in their work, using radioactivity’s metaphorical energy to generate narratives which themselves enact various processes of transformation, and in doing so instantiate the transmutation of the adventure novel into the detective novel.
Infections by Transovarially Transmitted DMelSV in Drosophila Have No Impact on Ovarian Transposable Element Transcripts but Increase Their Amounts in the Soma
Authors: Roy Marlène , Viginier Barbara , Mayeux Camille A , Ratinier Maxime , Fablet Marie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites, which activity is tightly controlled in germline cells. Using Sindbis virus, it was recently demonstrated that viral infections affect TE transcript amounts in somatic tissues. However, the strongest evolutionary impacts are expected in gonads, because that is where the genomes of the next generations lie. Here, we investigated this aspect using the Drosophila melanogaster Sigma virus. It is particularly relevant in the genome/TE interaction given its tropism to ovaries, which is the organ displaying the more sophisticated TE control pathways. Our results in Drosophila simulans flies allowed us to confirm the existence of a strong homeostasis of the TE transcriptome in ovaries upon infection, which, however, rely on TE-derived small RNA modulations. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of RNA-seq data and propose that the immune pathway that is triggered upon viral infection determines the direction of TE transcript modulation in somatic tissues.