bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Cognitive Reflection in China
Authors: Gong Tianwei , Young Andrew G. , Shtulman Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCognitive reflection is the tendency to override an intuitive response so as to engage in the reflection necessary to derive a correct response. Here, we examine the emergence of cognitive reflection in a culture that values nonanalytic thinking styles, Chinese culture. We administered a child‐friendly version of the cognitive reflection test, the CRT‐D, to 130 adults and 111 school‐age children in China and compared performance on the CRT‐D to several measures of rational thinking (belief bias syllogisms, base rate sensitivity, denominator neglect, and other‐side thinking) and normative thinking dispositions (actively open‐minded thinking and need for cognition). The CRT‐D was a significant predictor of rational thinking and normative thinking dispositions in both children and adults, as previously found in American samples. Adults’ performance on the CRT‐D correlated with their performance on the original CRT, and children's performance on the CRT‐D predicted rational thinking and normative thinking dispositions even after adjusting for age. These results demonstrate that cognitive reflection, rational thinking, and normative thinking dispositions converge even in a culture that emphasizes holistic, nonanalytic reasoning.
Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen: the mysterious hyper‐reactivity of selected cysteines is still present after their divergent evolution
Authors: Cattani Giada , Bocedi Alessio , Gambardella Giorgia , Iavarone Federica , Boroumand Mozhgan , Castagnola Massimo , Ricci Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

An enigmatic and never described hyper‐reactivity of most of the cysteines resident in the reduced, molten globule‐like intermediate of a few proteins has been recently discovered. In particular, all ten cysteines of chymotrypsinogen showed hundred times increased reactivity against hydrophobic reagents. A single cysteine (Cys1) was also found thousand times more reactive toward GSSG, making speculate that a single glutathionylation could represent the primordial event of its oxidative folding. In the present study, we compare these kinetic properties with those present in trypsinogen taken in its reduced, molten globule‐like intermediate and identify the origin of these unusual properties. Despite the divergent evolution of these two proteins, the different amount of disulfides and the very different 3D localization of three disulfides, their hyper‐reactivity toward hydrophobic thiol reagents and disulfides is very similar. Mass spectrometry identifies two cysteines in trypsinogen, Cys148 and Cys197, 800 times more reactive toward GSSG than an unperturbed protein cysteine. These results point toward a stringent and accurate preservation of these peculiar kinetic properties during a divergent evolution suggesting some important role, which at the present can only be hypothesized. Similar extraordinary hyper‐reactivity has been found also in albumin, ribonuclease, and lysozyme confirming that it cannot be considered a kinetic singularity of a single protein. Interestingly, the very flexible and fluctuating structures like those typical of the molten globule status prove capable of enabling sophisticated actions typical of enzymes such as binding to GSSG with relevant specificity and high affinity (KD = 0.4 mm) and accelerating the reaction of its cysteines by thousands of times.
Population structure of the European conger Conger conger from the mid‐North Atlantic Ocean inferred from bathymetric distribution, length composition and movement patterns analyses
Authors: Medeiros‐Leal Wendell , Santos Régis , Novoa‐Pabon Ana , Silva Hélder , Pinho Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInformation about the population structure of Conger conger (L.) is scarce, being a limiting factor for fisheries assessment. To make available important baseline information and to test the hypothesis that the population in the mid‐North Atlantic (Azores region) represents a fishery management unit, fishery‐dependent and survey data relating to bathymetric distribution, length composition and movement patterns were examined. Fishing impacts were also evaluated using abundance and size trends over the last 25 years. The greatest abundance was in depths between 300 and 600 m. Sizes ranged from 14 to 260 cm, with larger individuals around seamounts. Tagging data showed a strong sedentary behaviour. Results combined with previous genetic and otolith studies indicated the stock in the Azores may represent a self‐contained population. Abundance and size trends were stable, but the species is considered vulnerable to overfishing due to its biological characteristics. Monitoring and adequate rational resource management are of utmost importance.
A comparative study on habitat models for adult bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean based on gridded tuna longline fishery data
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Song Liming , Yuan Hongchun , Song Bo , Ebango Ngando Narcisse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing the gridded fishery data to estimate the habitat preferences of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean is challenging, as it is still not clear what type of model is appropriate to make reliable habitat predictions. In this study, we tested two classes of habitat models: Generalized Additive Models (including Gaussian distribution GAM, Poisson distribution GAM, Negative Binomial distribution GAM, Tweedie class distribution GAM, and Zero‐inflated distribution GAM) and Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt) for forecasting the habitat of bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean, using the 5°×5° monthly gridded fishery data from 2008 to 2015 provided by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and the environmental factors (i.e., the vertical temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, thermocline depth, vertical shear of ocean current, concentration of sea surface chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a), and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE)). We compared the models’ fitting ability, predictive performance, predicted results, and the ecological interpretation within the models. The results showed (1) GAMs provided better model fit and predictive performance than MaxEnt; (2) GA‐GAM showed the best model fit performance by using the log transformation of the standardized CPUE as response variable; (3) TW‐GAM was suitable for predicting the habitat of adult bigeye tuna with the over‐dispersed fishery datasets. (4) Results suggested that the vertical temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and thermocline depth could be used as reliable predictors in forecasting the spatial‐temporal distribution of the adult bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean.
Sex effects for the interaction of dopamine related genetic variants for COMT and BDNF on declarative memory performance
Authors: Van der Auwera Sandra , Terock Jan , Teumer Alexander , Schomerus Georg , Homuth Georg , Grabe Hans J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic factors are assumed to contribute to memory performance, especially genes affecting the dopaminergic neurotransmission. We aimed to evaluate leading functional genetic variants of the dopamine system, Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) SNP rs4680 and Brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) SNP rs6265, previously found to be associated with memory performance. In two independent general population cohorts (total N = 5937) we investigated direct and interaction effects between COMT and BDNF SNPs on declarative memory performance. We found significant two‐way interactions for COMT and BDNF in both cohorts but no direct genetic effects. Sensitivity analyses revealed that an interaction between COMT and BDNF was mainly carried by females. While direct associations of COMT and BDNF on memory have been reported previously, we could demonstrate that the interaction of COMT and BDNF is sex‐dependent and more complex and needs further investigation. Our results could be demonstrated in two independent cohorts of valuable size.
Preparation of Zr4+ doped calcium hexaaluminate with improved slag penetration resistance
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Wang Enhui , Hou Xinmei , Kang Junyi , Yang Tao , Liang Tongxiang , Bei Guoping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAiming to improve the density of calcium hexaaluminate (CA6), Zr4+ doped CA6 with the structural formula of CaAl11.73◊0.25Zr0.02O18.41◊0.59 (CaAl11.73Zr0.02O18.41) was successfully synthesized at 1600℃ for 4 h in air. The effect of Zr4+ doping on the crystal structure of CA6 was investigated using first principle calculation, structure refinement in combination with experimental characterization. The results suggest that Zr4+ prefers to substitute the Al3+ at Al3 site, which can increase the lattice parameter of c‐axis and the amount of Al vacancies. The average thickness of Zr4+ doped CA6 is increased by approximate 36% in comparison with the pure one. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicates that Zr4+ doping can reduce the wettability of CA6 to slag to some extent. The reaction test method was carried out and it shows that CA6 with Zr4+ doping possesses better slag penetration resistance. Based on this, the reaction mechanism is also discussed.
Economic evaluation of workplace health promotion interventions focused on Lifestyle: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vargas‐Martínez Ana M. , Romero‐Saldaña Manuel , De Diego‐Cordero Rocío 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo identify and evaluate randomized clinical trials focusing on economic evaluation of workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions based on healthy lifestyles, physical activity and nutrition.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis was carried out between March and May 2019, following the PRISMA statement.Data SourcesThe literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library, Scopus, WOS and Medline databases.Review MethodsThe quality appraisal included the overall risk of bias (Cochrane Collaboration tool), the quality of the evidence (GRADEpro) and the quality of the health economic analysis (QHES instrument).ResultsOf the 15 studies selected, 3 were interventions based on nutrition, 11 were focused on lifestyle and only one on physical activity. Given the heterogeneity of included studies, it was decided to do a subgroup analysis. For the weight loss (n = 5 studies), a general increase of 0.56 Kg (95% CI = 0.76, 0.84) I2 = 99.41%, and for the Quality‐adjusted Life Years achieved (n = 5 studies) a very small increase of 0.003 (95% CI = 0.002, 0.004) I2 = 99.25%, were observed.ConclusionsThe implementation of lifestyle interventions in the workplace has proven to be cost‐effective for both employers and society.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?There are few studies aimed at evaluating the efficiency of WHP interventions. However, those that identify and assessing interventions related to lifestyle are particularly scarce, despite the evidence showing that these researchers improve the quality of care of occupational health.What were the main findings?This systematic review demonstrates the effectiveness of the WHP interventions, and in some cases, the efficiency of these interventions for both employers and society. Additional research in this area is necessary as well as the assessment of the cost‐effectiveness of such interventions.Where and on whom will the research have an impact?To know the cost‐benefit of different WHP interventions allows more efficient management of resources, which helps to make political and business decisions, becoming healthier and safer workplaces.
Endoscopy training in COVID‐19: Challenges and hope for a better age
Authors: Koo Chieh Sian , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Koh Calvin Jianyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a unique challenge that has disrupted endoscopy training. Initial infection control measures aimed at protecting patients and staff meant nonessential endoscopic activity was suspended in many countries. The decrease in elective caseload from the pandemic also reduced training numbers during this period. While hands‐on training took a backseat, more efforts were directed to didactic training of cognitive competencies. We review the literature describing the impact of COVID‐19 on endoscopy training and summarize key measures aimed at mitigating this effect. These include leveraging on web‐based didactic material and video‐conferences, increased use of simulation and models to hone technical competencies, and a shift in focus from numbers‐based accreditation to competency‐based accreditation. While COVID‐19 was hoped to be short‐lived, it is clear the impact is long‐lasting. Hence, it is crucial for training programs to take stock of how endoscopy training is evolving and use this opportunity to implement new paradigms into their endoscopic training curricula. COVID‐19 might just be the catalyst that transforms endoscopy training into a new digital era.
Housing and Tax Policy: Comment
Authors: GHIAIE HAMED , ROUILLARD JEAN‐FRANÇOIS 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlpanda and Zubairy (2016) examine the effects of permanent changes to four types of housing‐related tax policies in the context of a multiagent dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) model. They find long‐run tax multipliers that range from −2.21 to −1.53. However, we find an error in their codes that has a significant impact on the size of these multipliers. We correct their error and resimulate their model. The long‐run multipliers we find are reduced almost in half—they now range from −1.25 to −0.84. We also compute short‐run multipliers at a 20‐quarter horizon and find much lower multipliers, ranging between −0.14 and −0.02.
Collaboration among nurses when transitioning older adults between hospital and community settings: a scoping review
Authors: Moore Jane , Prentice Dawn , Crawford Joanne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe transitioning of older patients between healthcare sectors requires the provision of high‐quality nursing care. Collaboration among nurses is identified as an essential element of transitional care, yet nurse–nurse collaboration has received little attention.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the extent, range and nature of nurse–nurse collaboration when transitioning older patients between hospital and community settings, and to identify gaps in the literature.MethodsArksey and O’Malleyʼs (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005 and 19) framework was used to undertake a scoping review to answer the research questions: how do nurses collaborate together when transitioning older patients from hospital to community settings and what are the facilitators, barriers and outcomes of nurse–nurse collaboration when transitioning older patients between sectors? The Nurse–Nurse Collaboration Scale (NNCS) subdomains informed the identification of selected studies.ResultsTwelve papers were included with most coming from Scandinavian countries and the majority using qualitative methodologies. Communication, coordination and professionalism were found to be both facilitators and barriers of nurse–nurse collaboration. Gaps in the literature included conflict management, and the outcomes of collaboration which was only reported in one study.ConclusionsThe findings indicate there is limited study of collaboration among nurses when transitioning older patients between hospital and community settings. Future research should address the impact of conflict on nurses working in collaborative practice as well as conducting intervention studies to examine the outcomes of nurse–nurse collaboration.
HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JAPAN: 1885–2015
Authors: Fukao Kyoji , Makino Tatsuji , Settsu Tokihiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents growth account for Japan for the 130 years from 1885 to 2015 based on the measurement of labor quality simultaneously taking the effects of education and the allocation of labor across industries into account. The estimation results indicate that, over the 130 years, Japan's labor productivity rose 46‐fold, with increases in the capital‐labor ratio accounting for 40% of this rise, improvements in labor quality for 35%, and total factor productivity (TFP) growth for 36%. Looking at the periods before and after World War II separately, we found that labor productivity growth accelerated substantially in the postwar period and was twice as high as in the prewar period. This difference in labor productivity growth can be explained by differences in the sources of growth: while growth during the prewar period was driven mainly by improvements in labor quality (with a growth contribution of 37%), during the postwar period, increases in the capital‐labor ratio and TFP growth made the largest contribution (38% and 35%, respectively).
Cause of death based on systematic post‐mortem studies in patients with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 tissue PCR during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Romanova E. S. , Vasilyev V. V. , Startseva G. , Karev V. , Rybakova M. G. , Platonov P. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImportanceAssessment of the causative association between the COVID‐19 and cause of death has been hampered by limited availability of systematically performed autopsies. We aimed to present autopsy‐confirmed causes of death in patients who died with COVID‐19 and to assess the association between thrombosis and diffuse alveolar damage consistent with COVID‐19 (DAD).MethodsConsecutive forensic (n = 60) and clinical (n = 42) autopsies with positive post‐mortem SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR in lungs (age 73 ± 14 years, 50% men) were included. The cause of death analysis was based on a review of medical records and histological reports. Thrombotic phenomena in lungs were defined as pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), thrombosis in pulmonary artery branches or microangiopathy in capillary vessels.ResultsCOVID‐19 caused or contributed to death in 71% of clinical and 83% of forensic autopsies, in whom significant DAD was observed. Of the patients with COVID‐19 as the primary cause of death, only 19% had no thrombotic phenomena in the lungs, as opposed to 38% amongst those with COVID‐19 as a contributing cause of death and 54% amongst patients whose death was not related to COVID‐19 (p = 0.002). PE was observed in 5 patients. Two patients fulfilled the criteria for lymphocyte myocarditis.ConclusionsVast majority of all PCR‐positive fatalities, including out‐of‐hospital deaths, during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic were related to DAD caused by COVID‐19. Pulmonary artery thrombosis and microangiopathy in pulmonary tissue were common and associated with the presence of DAD, whilst venous PE was rarely observed. Histology‐confirmed lymphocyte myocarditis was a rare finding.
Personality maturation and personality relaxation: Differences of the Big Five personality traits in the years around the beginning and ending of working life
Authors: Asselmann Eva , Specht Jule 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAt work, people are confronted with clear behavioral expectations. In line with the Social Investment Principle, the beginning and ending of working life might thus promote changes in personality traits that are relevant at work (e.g., Conscientiousness).MethodBased on the data from the Socio‐Economic Panel Study (SOEP), we examined nuanced differences of the Big Five personality traits in the years around the beginning and ending of working life. Whether participants had started working or retired in the past year was assessed yearly. The Big Five personality traits were assessed in four waves between 2005 and 2017.ResultsIn people who started working, multilevel analyses revealed that Conscientiousness was higher in the first year of working life versus all other years. Extraversion was higher in and after the first year of working life versus before, and Agreeableness increased gradually in the three years after people had started working. In people who retired, Conscientiousness was lower in and after the first year of retirement versus before. No other traits differed around the start of retirement.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the start of working life might promote personality maturation and that retirement might promote personality “relaxation.”
Growth performance, tissue precipitation, metallothionein and cytokine transcript expression and economics in response to different dietary zinc sources in growing rabbits
Authors: Hassan Fardos A. M. , Kishawy Asmaa T. Y. , Moustafa Amira , Roushdy Elshimaa M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impact of different dietary zinc sources on the growth, serum metabolites, tissue zinc content, economics and relative expression of cytokine and metallothionein genes was evaluated in this study. A total of 120 35‐day‐old male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups with 10 replicates per group and 3 animals per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet with a Zn‐free vitamin–mineral premix; the other three groups received control basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg level with zinc oxide (ZnO; as inorganic source), Zn‐methionine (Zn‐Met; as organic source) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano‐ZnO). The results indicated that Zn‐Met and nano‐ZnO groups significantly improved body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility, as well as decreased mortality, compared to ZnO and control groups. Zn‐Met and nano‐ZnO significantly reduced serum total cholesterol but did not affect serum proteins and liver function. Nano‐ZnO supplemented group also recorded the highest value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) and lysozymes compared to other groups. Nano‐ZnO supplementation had increased hepatic Zn and Cu content and decreased faecal Zn content. Also nano‐ZnO group recorded higher expression levels of genes encoding for metallothionein I and metallothionein II, interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ in the liver of rabbits. The findings of this study demonstrated zinc nanoparticles, and organic zinc supplementation had improved growth performance and health status of growing rabbits than inorganic zinc oxide.
Optimal stopping under model ambiguity: A time‐consistent equilibrium approach
Authors: Huang Yu‐Jui , Yu Xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn unconventional approach for optimal stopping under model ambiguity is introduced. Besides ambiguity itself, we take into account howambiguity‐aversean agent is. This inclusion of ambiguity attitude, via an‐maxmin nonlinear expectation, renders the stopping problem time‐inconsistent. We look for subgame perfect equilibrium stopping policies, formulated as fixed points of an operator. For a one‐dimensional diffusion with drift and volatility uncertainty, we show that any initial stopping policy will converge to an equilibrium through a fixed‐point iteration. This allows us to capture much more diverse behavior, depending on an agent's ambiguity attitude, beyond the standard worst‐case (or best‐case) analysis. In a concrete example of real options valuation under model ambiguity, all equilibrium stopping policies, as well as thebestone among them, are fully characterized under appropriate conditions. It demonstrates explicitly the effect of ambiguity attitude on decision making: the more ambiguity‐averse, the more eager to stop—so as to withdraw from the uncertain environment. The main result hinges on a delicate analysis of continuous sample paths in the canonical space and the capacity theory. To resolve measurability issues, a generalized measurable projection theorem, new to the literature, is also established.