bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalist nematode destabilises plant competition: no evidence for direct effects, but strong evidence for indirect effects on rhizobium abundance
Authors: Catella Samantha A. , Olmsted Castilleja Fallon , Markalanda Shaniya H. , McFadden Connor J. , Wood Corlett W. , Kuebbing Sara E. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Difficulties quantifying pathogen load and mutualist abundance limit our ability to connect disease dynamics to host community ecology. For example, specific predictions about how differential pathogen load is hypothesised to drive host competitive outcomes are rarely tested. Additionally, although infection is known to affect mutualists, we rarely measure the magnitude of pathogen effects on mutualist abundance across host competitive contexts. We tested for both mechanisms in a plant–rhizobia–nematode system.

We paired the legume Medicago lupulina with intraspecific and interspecific plant competitors, with and without a generalist nematode parasite Meloidogyne sp. Relative change in plant biomass was used to determine how nematode inoculation affected plant competitive outcomes. We counted nematode galls to test for direct effects of parasitism on plant competition and rhizobia nodules to test for indirect effects of nematode presence on rhizobium abundance.

Parasites were destabilising despite similar nematode load across competition treatments. During interspecific compared with intraspecific competition, nematode inoculation decreased nodulation on M. lupulina, increased nodulation on Trifolium repens and had no effect on nodulation on Chamaecrista fasciculata.

We found no support for hypothesised direct effects of nematode load on competitive outcomes and strong but idiosyncratic indirect effects of nematode inoculation on rhizobium abundance.
Efficacy of a 1% malic acid spray for xerostomia treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Gang , Qiu Xiaoning , Tan Xinzhi , Miao Rong , Tian Weidong , Jing Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of topical sialogogue spray containing malic acid 1% for treating xerostomia.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases. Literature search, screening, study selection, data collection, data extraction and assessment of bias risk were independently conducted by two reviewers. The study appraisal was performed by Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing bias risk. The systematic review registration number was PROSPERO‐CRD42021241322. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.4.ResultsFive original articles involving 244 patients with xerostomia who received topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) or placebo for two weeks were included in this review. Based on the questionnaire survey, the topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) improved the symptoms of dry mouth significantly better than the placebo, which was reflected in the Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ), Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Regarding the increase in unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rates, the intervention group was also better than the placebo group after a two‐week course of treatment.ConclusionsAlthough the included studies are limited, our results show that topical sialogogue spray (malic acid 1%) is an effective method for the treatment of xerostomia. Additional randomised controlled trials in the future are needed to provide high‐quality evidence of this therapy and to improve clinical practice guidelines.
Low vitamin D and high cholesterol facilitate oral carcinogenesis in 4NQO‐induced rat models via regulating glycolysis
Authors: Gumus Rasim , Capik Ozel , Gundogdu Betul , Tatar Arzu , Altinkaynak Konca , Ozdemir Tozlu Ozlem , Karatas Omer Faruk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesDiets and nutritional habits are critical during carcinogenic processes, where a diet poor in fruits and vegetables and rich in meat and other foods of animal origin facilitates carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed at investigating the possible involvement of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and high cholesterol (HC) together in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through modulating glycolysis.Subjects and MethodsWe compared total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, LDH, and vitamin D levels of OSCC patients and control individuals. We used GEO datasets for gene set enrichment and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide induced in vivo oral carcinogenesis models to investigate contribution of VDD and HC during carcinogenesis via possible modulation of glycolysis.ResultsWe found that VDD and HC co‐exist in OSCC patients, and deregulation of cholesterol and vitamin D levels results in enrichment of genes related to glycolysis. We, then, demonstrated that VDD and HC on their own and together facilitated the formation of larger tumors in 4NQO‐induced in vivo cancer models, which are suppressed by glycolysis inhibition.ConclusionWe reported collaborative contribution of HC and VDD during oral carcinogenesis, which is mainly carried out via altering energy metabolism in tumor cells.
Escort of older people into the operating room: A feasibility study
Authors: Shem Tov Lior , Ronel Ilai , Matot Idit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile special care is given to perioperative risk assessment and management of older people undergoing surgery, psychological aspects have been largely neglected. Escort presence in the operating room (OR) is common practice in the surgical paediatric and obstetric populations and may be beneficial in older people.ObjectivesThis study explored the feasibility of family member escort of older people into the OR and their presence until induction of anaesthesia.MethodsProspective observational study of older people (>70 years) undergoing surgery, who were offered an escort into the OR. The primary end point was the proportion of relatives who completed the intervention without feeling dizzy or fainting. Secondary end points related to patient, escort and medical and nursing staff perception of the process.ResultsForty‐four sets of patients and escorts completed the process. The primary objective assessing feasibility was concluded successfully. Secondary objectives assessed (1) satisfaction, where 93% of escorts and 75% of patients would support a repeat of this process; (2) anxiolysis, where 61% of patients reported a reduced level of anxiety; (3) although 68% of anaesthesiologists agreed this process improved patients' well‐being, most nurses and anaesthesiologists believed this should not become routine practice. Interestingly, most staff support parents escorting a paediatric patient into OR.ConclusionsThis is the first study exploring the feasibility of escorting older people into the OR. It shows a unique insight into patient‐ and family‐centred care of the surgical older person. Escort presence may help alleviate anxiety and increase satisfaction. The medical and nursing staff objections must be looked at further.
The gradual corporatization of transport infrastructure: The Danish case
Authors: Christensen Lene Tolstrup , Grossi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article introduces the theoretical perspective on gradual institutional change to the corporatization literature. This is achieved via a longitudinal case study on the institutionalization of the Danish state guarantee model (SGM) for transport infrastructure based on archival document studies of seven infrastructure projects and 31 interviews with elite actors and experts. The article explores with a detailed analysis how the gradual change mechanisms of layering, conversion and displacement coexist, are interrelated, and are coevolving over a long period. It contributes to the corporatization literature presenting the SGM as an alternative to public and private partnerships and government agencies.
Thoracic regional anesthesia and the impact on ventilation
Authors: Bosenberg Adrian , Holland Erica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThoracic surgical incisions can be associated with intense pain or discomfort. Postoperative thoracic pain may be multifactorial in origin. Inadequate analgesia causes respiratory dysfunction. Adequate analgesia preserves pulmonary function and may hasten recovery. Intravenous opioids are widely used but sufficient analgesia is seldom achieved in doses that permit safe spontaneous ventilation. Thoracic regional anesthesia provides profound analgesia, is opiate sparing and has minimal depressant effects on ventilation. Thoracic regional anesthesia is both an effective alternative to systemic analgesics or can be used as part of a multimodal analgesic technique.
New detections of chestnut blight in Great Britain during 2019–2020 reveal high Cryphonectria parasitica diversity and limited spread of the disease
Authors: Romon‐Ochoa Pedro , Kranjec Orlović Jelena , Gorton Caroline , Lewis Alex , van der Linde Sietse , Pérez‐Sierra Ana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCryphonectria parasitica was detected for the first time in the United Kingdom in 2011. A 2017–2018 survey detected the disease at different sites in Berkshire, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset and London, while the present study comprises the results of the 2019–2020 survey with new findings and additional sites in the United Kingdom (Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, Derbyshire, Devon, London, West Sussex) and in Jersey, reflecting the progressive detection of more infected trees. A total of 189 samples were collected from 52 sites, and 123 samples tested positive both by quantitative real‐time PCR and/or isolation from 43 sites. A total of 115 isolates were tested for mating type, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) and Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1). Twelve VCGs were identified, with four of them being first records in United Kingdom. The highest diversity of VCGs was detected in Devon followed by West Sussex while London and Derbyshire presented the lowest. Both mating types were detected (41% MAT‐1 and 59% MAT‐2), and no heterokaryons were detected. Perithecia of C. parasitica were not observed at any site during this survey. CHV‐1 was detected in three isolates in very low concentration from three different locations in London and was always the unmutated subtype I haplotype E‐5. A greater diversity of VCGs at outbreak sites compared with previous surveys, combined with their scattered distribution and the slow spread of the pathogen, supports the hypothesis that this disease has been introduced through imports over time from Europe.
Postural freezing relates to startle potentiation in a human fear‐conditioning paradigm
Authors: van Ast Vanessa A. , Klumpers Floris , Grasman Raoul P. P. P. , Krypotos Angelos‐Miltiadis , Roelofs Karin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFreezing to impending threat is a core defensive response. It has been studied primarily using fear conditioning in non‐human animals, thwarting advances in translational human anxiety research that has used other indices, such as skin conductance responses. Here we examine postural freezing as a human conditioning index for translational anxiety research. We employed a mixed cued/contextual fear‐conditioning paradigm where one context signals the occurrence of the US upon the presentation of the CS, and another context signals that the CS is not followed by the US. Critically, during the following generalization phase, the CS is presented in a third and novel context. We show that human freezing is highly sensitive to fear conditioning, generalizes to ambiguous contexts, and amplifies with threat imminence. Intriguingly, stronger parasympathetically driven freezing under threat, but not sympathetically mediated skin conductance, predicts subsequent startle magnitude. These results demonstrate that humans show fear‐conditioned animal‐like freezing responses, known to aid in active preparation for unexpected attack, and that freezing captures real‐life anxiety expression. Conditioned freezing offers a promising new, non‐invasive, and continuous, readout for human fear conditioning, paving the way for future translational studies into human fear and anxiety.
Removal of macroalgae from degraded reefs enhances coral recruitment
Authors: Smith Hillary A. , Brown Dylan A. , Arjunwadkar Chaitanya V. , Fulton Stella E. , Whitman Taylor , Hermanto Bambang , Mastroianni Elissa , Mattocks Neil , Smith Adam K. , Harrison Peter L. , Boström‐Einarsson Lisa , McLeod Ian M. , Bourne David G. 
Published: December 2021

Declining coral cover on tropical coral reefs often results in a concomitant increase in macroalgae. When proliferation of macroalgae persists outside regular seasonal growth, it can shift the ecosystem dominance away from corals into a permanently altered system. Such an altered system is unlikely to recover naturally, despite ample supply of coral larvae, as coral settlement and survival is reduced by the presence of macroalgae. Physical removal of macroalgae has been proposed to overcome this biotic barrier to recovery, although empirical evidence demonstrating the effects of removal on phase‐shifted reefs is lacking. Here, we manually removed macroalgae from twelve 25 m2 experimental plots (88.5 ± 6.2 kg wet weight per plot; 90% benthic cover decrease) on a degraded reef prior to coral mass spawning across 2 years and recorded the number of coral recruits to settlement tiles and natural substrata. Four months after each spawning event, we found a threefold increase in coral recruits to tiles in plots where macroalgae had been removed (n = 12 plots; February 2019: mean 45.9 ± 12.7 recruits per tile; February 2020: mean 53.9 ± 5.9 recruits per tile) compared to control plots where macroalgae remained (n = 12 plots; February 2019 mean: 13.6 ± 2.8 recruits per tile; February 2020 mean: 17.5 ± 3.5 recruits per tile). These results suggest that, at small scales, macroalgae removal may be a useful intervention to boost recruitment on degraded reefs. Longer‐term monitoring is needed to document if coral survivorship, growth, and subsequent reef recovery occurs.
Designing an Experiential Learning with Simulations and Games to Improve Education in an Undergraduate Engineering Major
Authors: Zapalska Alina 
Published: December 2021

This paper illustrates an experiential learning exercise that is designed to be played in an engineering undergraduate program. The author uses simulation that creates an active and experiential learning environment in which individual teams make decisions based on imperfect information and conflicting goals. The simulation allows players to control certain aspects of the information flow relevant to the market, to develop relevant business strategies and communication skills, and to establish understanding of ethical values that are relevant to business environment. The simulation was designed to allow engineering students to advance and practice business skills that are essential for engineers to stay successful in an increasingly competitive business environment. The objective is to extract maximum learning from the experience using an experiential learning model. This paper contributes to the literature on designing active learning with the use of games and simulations while utilizing the Kolb experiential learning model.
Design Your Experiment (DYE) – Project based learning in Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Authors: Shah Jay , Thareja Prachi 
Published: December 2021

There is a need to implement an active and student-centered learning experience in the universities, which could help students expand their vision and better understand its application and concepts outside the classroom learning. This article discusses an approach of Design your experiment (DYE) project in the Fluid Mechanics laboratory to make the course more interesting for the students. We discuss various components involved in the DYE project and its learning outcomes. The student survey shows that the DYE helps the students to enhance their fundamentals, improve their communication, leadership and team management skills.
$$A=4-7$$ $$\varXi $$ hypernuclei based on interactions from chiral effective field theory
Authors: Le Hoai , Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. , Nogga Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the existence of bound $$\varXi $$
Ξ
states in systems with $$A=4-7$$

A
=
4
-
7

baryons using the Jacobi NCSM approach in combination with chiral NN and $$\varXi $$
Ξ
N interactions. We find three shallow bound states for the NNN$$\varXi $$
Ξ
system (with $$(J^\pi ,T)=(1^+,0)$$

(

J
π

,
T
)

=

(

1
+

,
0
)

, $$(0^+,1)$$

(

0
+

,
1
)

and $$(1^+,1)$$

(

1
+

,
1
)

) with quite similar binding energies. The $$^5_{\varXi }\mathrm {H}(\frac{1}{2}^+,\frac{1}{2})$$

Ξ
5

H

(

1
2

+

,

1
2

)

and $$^7_{\varXi }\mathrm {H}(\frac{1}{2}^+,\frac{3}{2})$$

Ξ
7

H

(

1
2

+

,

3
2

)

hypernuclei are also clearly bound with respect to the thresholds $$^4\mathrm {He} + \varXi $$

4

He
+
Ξ

and $$^6\mathrm {He} +\varXi $$

6

He
+
Ξ

, respectively. The binding of all these $$\varXi $$
Ξ
systems is predominantly due to the attraction of the chiral $$\varXi $$
Ξ
N potential in the $$^{33}S_1$$

33

S
1

channel. A perturbative estimation suggests that the decay widths of all the observed states could be rather small.
Holographic colour superconductors at finite coupling with NJL Interactions
Authors: Fadafan Kazem Bitaghsir , Rojas Jesús Cruz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study a bottom-up holographic description of the QCD colour superconducting phase in the presence of higher derivative corrections. We expand this holographic model in the context of Gauss–Bonnet (GB) gravity. The Cooper pair condensate has been investigated in the deconfinement phase for different values of the GB coupling parameter $$\lambda _{G B}$$

λ

GB

, we observe a change in the value of the critical chemical potential $$\mu _c$$

μ
c

in comparison to Einstein gravity. We find that $$\mu _c$$

μ
c

grows as $$\lambda _{G B}$$

λ

GB

increases. We add four fermion interactions and show that in the presence of these corrections the main interesting features of the model are still present and that the intrinsic attractive interaction can not be switched off. This study suggests to find GB corrections to equation of state of holographic QCD matter.
Efficient sampling of constrained high-dimensional theoretical spaces with machine learning
Authors: Hollingsworth Jacob , Ratz Michael , Tanedo Philip , Whiteson Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModels of physics beyond the Standard Model often contain a large number of parameters. These form a high-dimensional space that is computationally intractable to fully explore. Experimental results project onto a subspace of parameters that are consistent with those observations, but mapping these constraints to the underlying parameters is also typically intractable. Instead, physicists often resort to scanning small subsets of the full parameter space and testing for experimental consistency. We propose an alternative approach that uses generative models to significantly improve the computational efficiency of sampling high-dimensional parameter spaces. To demonstrate this, we sample the constrained and phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Models subject to the requirement that the sampled points are consistent with the measured Higgs boson mass. Our method achieves orders of magnitude improvements in sampling efficiency compared to a brute force search.
Eligibility of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin in a Real-World Heart Failure Population
Authors: Håkansson Erik , Norberg Helena , Själander Sara , Lindmark Krister 
Published: December 2021

Aims. This study is aimed at investigating the eligibility in a real-world heart failure population for the DAPA-HF (testing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-reduced (testing empagliflozin) trials, comparing the eligible real-world patients to trial participants and to characterize the noneligible patients. Methods. Medical records of all heart failure patients who had a diagnosis of heart failure from the Heart Centre or Department of Internal Medicine at Umeå University Hospital were reviewed. Results. 2433 of the hospital’s uptake population of 150 000 had a diagnosis of heart failure. 681 patients had

left

ventricle

ejection

fraction
≤
40
%

, and of these 352 (52%) and 268 (39%) patients met eligibility criteria for DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-reduced, respectively. Comparing eligible patients in our population with the DAPA-HF- and EMPEROR-reduced trial populations, we found that eligible real-world patients were older (79.0 vs. 66.2 years and 80.3 vs. 67.2 years, respectively), had worse renal function (eGFR 54.4 vs. 66.0 ml/min/1.73m2 and 49.5 vs. 61.8 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively), higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (56.0% vs. 36.1% and 53.0% vs. 35.6%, respectively), and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus (21.0% vs. 41.8% and 26.1% vs. 49.8%, respectively). The main reasons for ineligibility were low NT-proBNP or low eGFR. Noneligible patients differed according to reason for ineligibility, where patients with low NT-proBNP were generally younger and healthier, and patients with low eGFR were older and had more comorbidities. Conclusions. 39-52% of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction in this real-world heart failure population were eligible for SGLT2-inhibitor treatment, corresponding to 11-14% of all heart failure patients. Compared to trial participants, eligible real-world patients were significantly older with worse renal function, more atrial fibrillation, and less diabetes mellitus. Trial entry criteria exclude comparatively young and healthy patients, as well as comparatively old patients with more comorbid conditions.
Effect of Specific Acupuncture Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation Training on Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Xiong Feng , Lu Jingkang , Pan Hongxia , Wang Fengyi , Huang Yaqin , Liu Yiwei , Li Lingxin , Zhang Rengang , Wang Yulong , He Chengqi , Quan Wei 
Published: December 2021

Acupuncture therapies were used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) and its complications. To assess the effect of a specific acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation training for inpatients with incomplete SCI, we conducted an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Seventy-two participants diagnosed with incomplete SCI were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 24 patients each, with data collection completed in December, 2019. Participants were randomly assigned (1 : 1 : 1) to 3 groups to receive treatment for 4 weeks, 5 times/week of acupuncture for Continuous Acupuncture Treatment (CAT) group, 3 times/week for Intermittent Acupuncture Treatment (IAT) group, and no acupuncture for Control group; all 3 groups received routine rehabilitation training. The primary outcome was the change of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes included sensory score, Modified Barthel Index (MBI). At week 4, CAT group had a higher motor score and MBI score increase than the control group (mean difference 10.52, 17.36;

p

< 0.001,

p

< 0.01, respectively). CAT group had more increase in motor score and MBI than IAT group (mean difference 5.55, 14.77;

p

< 0.05,

p

< 0.05, respectively). But the difference among groups in the increase of sensory score was not statistically significant. Acupuncture resulted in a higher motor score and MBI after 4 weeks. And the dosage of 5/week led to more improvement in motor score and MBI than that of 3/week. The results suggested that a dosage of 5/week of acupuncture is safe and more effective for SCI than 3/week. But further research is needed to determine the best intervention dosage, long-term efficacy, and underlying mechanism. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900021530.