bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU income stabilization tool: potential impacts, financial sustainability and farmer’s risk aversion
Authors: Severini Simone , Zinnanti Cinzia , Borsellino Valeria , Schimmenti Emanuele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Income Stabilization Tool, a risk management scheme introduced within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2014–2020, could help European Union farmers manage the income risks they face. This study assesses the potential impact of implementing this tool through the maximum level of contribution to the fund which determines an indifference to participate in the fund and its financial sustainability. The study relies on an expected utility approach and assesses the variability of loss ratios over time using a sample of Italian hazelnut farms as a case study. The participation depends on the level of farmers' contributions and their degree of risk aversion. However, the CAP public support makes the scheme financially sustainable.
Sperm chromatin condensation as an in vivo fertility biomarker in bulls: a flow cytometry approach
Authors: Llavanera Marc , Ribas-Maynou Jordi , Delgado-Bermúdez Ariadna , Recuero Sandra , Muiño Rodrigo , Hidalgo Carlos O. , Tamargo Carolina , Bonet Sergi , Mateo-Otero Yentel , Yeste Marc 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Genetic selection in cattle has been directed to increase milk production. This, coupled to the fact that the vast majority of bovine artificial inseminations (AI) are performed using cryopreserved sperm, have led to a reduction of fertility rates over the years. Thus, seeking sensitive and specific sperm biomarkers able to predict fertility rates is of vital importance to improve cattle reproductive efficiency. In humans, sperm chromatin condensation evaluated through chromomycin A3 (CMA3) has recently been purported to be a powerful biomarker for sperm functional status and male infertility. The objectives of the present study were: a) to set up a flow cytometry method for simultaneously evaluating chromatin condensation and sperm viability, and b) to test whether this parameter could be used as a predictor of in vivo fertility in bulls. The study included pools of three independent cryopreserved ejaculates per bull from 25 Holstein males. Reproductive outcomes of each sire were determined by non-return rates, which were used to classify bulls into two groups (highly fertile and subfertile).

Results
Chromatin condensation status of bovine sperm was evaluated through the combination of CMA3 and Yo-Pro-1 staining and flow cytometry. Sperm quality parameters (morphology, viability, total and progressive motility) were also assessed. Pearson correlation coefficients and ROC curves were calculated to assess their capacity to predict in vivo fertility. Sperm morphology, viability and total motility presented an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.54, 0.64 and 0.68, respectively (P > 0.05), and thus were not able to discriminate between fertile and subfertile individuals. Alternatively, while the percentage of progressively motile sperm showed a significant predictive value, with an AUC of 0.73 (P = 0.05), CMA3/Yo-Pro-1 staining even depicted superior results for the prediction of in vivo fertility in bulls. Specifically, the percentage of viable sperm with poor chromatin condensation showed better accuracy and precision to predict in vivo fertility, with an AUC of 0.78 (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Chromatin condensation evaluated through CMA3/Yo-Pro-1 and flow cytometry is defined here as a more powerful tool than conventional sperm parameters to predict bull in vivo fertility, with a potential ability to maximising the efficiency of dairy breeding industry.
Spatiotemporal variation of the indoor mycobiome in daycare centers
Authors: Estensmo Eva Lena F. , Morgado Luis , Maurice Sundy , Martin-Sanchez Pedro M. , Engh Ingeborg B. , Mattsson Johan , Kauserud Håvard , Skrede Inger 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Children spend considerable time in daycare centers in parts of the world and are exposed to the indoor micro- and mycobiomes of these facilities. The level of exposure to microorganisms varies within and between buildings, depending on occupancy, climate, and season. In order to evaluate indoor air quality, and the effect of usage and seasonality, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation in the indoor mycobiomes of two daycare centers. We collected dust samples from different rooms throughout a year and analyzed their mycobiomes using DNA metabarcoding.

Results
The fungal community composition in rooms with limited occupancy (auxiliary rooms) was similar to the outdoor samples, and clearly different from the rooms with higher occupancy (main rooms). The main rooms had higher abundance of Ascomycota, while the auxiliary rooms contained comparably more Basidiomycota. We observed a strong seasonal pattern in the mycobiome composition, mainly structured by the outdoor climate. Most markedly, basidiomycetes of the orders Agaricales and Polyporales, mainly reflecting typical outdoor fungi, were more abundant during summer and fall. In contrast, ascomycetes of the orders Saccharomycetales and Capnodiales were dominant during winter and spring.

Conclusions
Our findings provide clear evidences that the indoor mycobiomes in daycare centers are structured by occupancy as well as outdoor seasonality. We conclude that the temporal variability should be accounted for in indoor mycobiome studies and in the evaluation of indoor air quality of buildings.
Child homicide in northern Tunisia: a retrospective study of forensic autopsy cases
Authors: Grayaa Meriem , Kort Ikram , Naceur Yomn , Gharbaoui Meriem , Kouada Rihem , Bekir Olfa , Allouche Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
As far as we know, no previous research has investigated child homicide in Tunisia. In this context, our study was carried out to analyze the epidemiological and medico-legal characteristics of child homicide occurring in northern Tunisia over a 17-year period.

Results
Eighty-seven cases were collected, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4. The mean age of the victims was 12.6 years for both sexes. We found that 56.3% of the cases were aged between 15 and 18 years. The majority of deaths under 15 years of age occurred at home as a result of intrafamilial homicide. Victims aged more than 15 years were more likely to be assaulted outside the home by a non-family member.
The most frequent method of homicide was sharp force (39%) affecting mostly the heart and the lung, followed by blunt trauma (25%), which affected mainly the head. Sexual assault was diagnosed at autopsy in six victims (6.9%).

Conclusions
The study offers available data concerning the patterns of child homicide in northern Tunisia and may help to implement preventive measures against this kind of crime.
Three-dimensional tomosynthesis versus two-dimensional mammography in detection and characterization of different breast lesions
Authors: Abdelattef Samia Aboelnour Abdeltwab , Ibrahim Suzan Farouk , Abdelhamid Wafaa Raft , Mahmoud Fatten Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is considered the most serious lesion among different breast lesions. Mammography is the corner stone for screening for detection of breast cancer. It has been modified to digital mammography (DM) and then to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Tomosynthesis is an emerging technique for diagnosis and screening of breast lesions.
The aim of this study is to interrogate whether the addition of DBT to DM helps in better detection and characterization of different breast lesions.

Methods
This is a prospective study carried on 38 female patients according to our inclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated by using DM alone and thereafter with the addition of DBT to DM. Recall rate was calculated, and the imaging findings of each case were correlated with the final diagnosis and follow-up.

Results
DM identified 32 lesions while DBT with DM identified 37 lesions. On DM alone, 17 lesions were characterized as masses, 5 as focal asymmetry, 2 as architectural distortion, 7 as microcalcification and 1 as macrocalcification. With the addition of DBT, 27 lesions were characterized as masses, 1 as focal asymmetry, 1 as architectural distortion, 7 as microcalcification and 1 as macrocalcification. So, there were better detection and characterization of lesions with the addition of DBT than DM alone. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC, positive and negative predictive values were significantly higher with the addition of DBT to DM (100%, 90.5%, 0.952, 90% and 100%, respectively) than with DM (77.8%, 80.9%, 0.794, 77.8% and 80.9%, respectively) for all breast lesions.

Conclusions
The addition of DBT to DM helps in better detection and characterization of different breast lesions. This leads to early detection of breast cancer, improvement of the performance of radiologists and saving time by reduction of recall rate.
NON-FINANCIAL INFORMATION REPORTING AFTER 2016 FOR THE EXAMPLE OF BULGARIAN GREENHOUSE GAS EMITTERS
Authors: Manolov Tsvetomir L. 
Published: November 2021

Air pollution is one of the main environmental reasons for many diseases in Bulgaria. Plenty of studies indicate that the country is still far from achieving air quality levels that do not pose a risk to people and the environment.
The current research is directed toward eight companies in Bulgaria, which are responsible for over 70% of greenhouse gas emissions from fixed installations. The study was conducted during the period of 2016 to 2019. The main hypothesis is that due to the public importance of these companies’ activities, the quantity and quality of non-financial information disclosed by them will be significant. Additionally, it is examined how the required obligation for some companies to publish together with their annual financial statements and non-financial declaration has reflected on the disclosures made by them. The research is conducted on the basis of annual financial statements published by the companies, non-financial declarations, annual activity reports and information contained on their websites.
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS INFECTED WITH SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS - A REVIEW
Authors: Blebea Nicoleta , Mitea Gabriela 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: Due to the rapid outbreak of the pandemic that causes SARS-CoV-2 infection and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality as a result of this new infection, the treatments pursued in therapy must have an increased potential to inhibit the replication of this virus.
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this article was to describe the most current drug therapies and their mechanisms of action used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this article, we have collected the latest information and multilingual international scientific discoveries about the treatment of COVID-19.
RESULTS: Several compounds can be used to treat COVID-19 in order to reduce the duration of the disease and the rate of infection, to reduce the viral load, to prevent tissue damage, to stimulate the maturation of many cells, including immune cells in the human body and to reduce its severe symptoms. The most effective treatments were based on the antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics drugs, glycopeptide antibiotics, anticoagulants, vitamin C and vitamin D. The simplest and most direct approach to controlling SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks is the use of passive antibodies transferred from plasma to convalescent patients. Recently, studies have been completed for several vaccines that are approved against SARS-CoV-2.
CONCLUSION: Scientists around the world are collaborating and innovating to make tests, treatments and vaccines available to the public that will save lives collectively and end this pandemic.
ORGANIZATION AND HOLDING OF HOSPITAL THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION IN HOSPITALS FOR ACTIVE TREATMENT IN RUSE’S TERRITORY
Authors: Georgieva Despina , Koleva Greta , Hristova Irinka 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Daily food consumption is a basic factor for improving both the quality of life and the well-being of people. Hospital medical nutrition needs to suit certain standards and requirements, so as to provide all the necessary micro- and macronutrients for patients. It has to be high-quality food and also has to mind the technological requirements for its preparation in the hospital, in addition to looking aesthetically pleasing and tasting good.
Objective: This report’s goal is to study the hospital dietary nutrition in the hospitals for active care in Ruse, Bulgaria – University hospital Kanev; University hospital Medika; Mental health center Ruse; Complex-oncological center Ruse and the Specialized Hospital for active treatment of pneumo-phthisiatric diseases - Dr Dimitar Gramatikov.
Methods: The survey was conducted between the months of April and September 2020. The criteria for inclusion of those hospitals are: to perform an organized hospital nutrition, and the medical institution to be a hospital itself.
Results: In the medical establishments that are included in the study, medical dietary nutrition is carried out in accordance with the normative documents and standards which are in force for the country. The numerological system of nutrition Pevzner is applied, as the basic diets are from №1 to 15, as well as their varieties according to the disease’s acuteness.
Conclusions: We find that, just because contemporary requirements for nutrition in the Republic of Bulgaria have been presented in developed national recommendations for healthy eating, this is not enough. What is needed is to develop and apply a fully adequate hospital diet, based on an individual assessment of nutrition status, and degree of risk from malnutrition.
FORENSIC MEDICAL CRITERIA OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALCOHOL AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING BY USING AZIMUTHAL-INVARIANT POLARIZATION MUELLER-MATRIX MICROSCOPY
Authors: Harazdiuk Olexandr , Ivaskevich Ihor , Vanchuliak Oleh , Sarkisova Yuliia 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fatal intoxications with alcohol and carbon monoxide are the most common causes of poisoning that occur in forensic medical practice. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of these intoxications is extremely important. To solve this problem, we propose the use of the method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of histological sections of biological tissues (BT).
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to establish statistically significant criteria for differentiation of the cause of death in case of alcohol poisoning (AP) and carbon monoxide poisoning (CMP) by using azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of polycrystalline fractions of histological sections of organs and blood films of the human body.
Results: A number of characteristic features have been identified that have not been previously described and allow to objectively differentiate the cause of death in the case of AP and CMP, namely Ek – 0.95±0.045 and 1.81±0.092 in the study of histological sections of the myocardium; Ek – 0,19±0,011 and 1,11±0,094 – polycrystalline blood films. Analysis of the obtained data revealed a good level of accuracy in the study of histological sections of the myocardium (As 85%) and polycrystalline blood films (As 88%).
Conclusion: Thus, developed and tested method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy allows to differentiate the cause of death in cases of AP and CMP.
SPECTROPHOTOPOLARIMETRY AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TIME DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE TISSUE
Authors: Harazdiuk Olexandr , Kozan Nataliia , Kryvetskyi Viktor , Dunaiev Oleksandr 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The article presents the current state of issues regarding the diagnosis of pathological conditions for forensic medical experts, in particular the study of normal muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages. Particular attention is paid to biophysical research methods with evidence-based accuracy, objectivity, reproducibility, and rapid results.
Objectives: The purpose of the research was to study the possibilities of using spectrophotopolyarimetric methods to analyze and determine the relationship of morphological structure of biological tissues with the temporal dynamics of changes in their optical parameters, to establish the possibility of differentiating necrotic changes and signs of damage by applying Mueller matrices of human muscle tissue samples.
Results: During the study, we found a number of features and patterns of change in the properties of the laser beam as a result of passing through biological tissue. Polarization-correlation methods provide new, objective information about the dynamics of change in laser polarimetric imaging of morphological structure of biological tissues. By analyzing the statistical distributions of the ellipticity of polarization of laser images of normal human muscle tissue and in the presence of hemorrhages, the possibility of identifying the relationship between the development of statistically significant changes with increasing time of death and the possibility of differentiating them are considered.
Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that employing laser polarization methods will allow us to open new doors in the study of the biological tissues of the human body. The results showed the effectiveness of the studied methodology and the prospect of further research in this direction.
MATERNAL LEUKOCYTOSIS AS DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS IN SPONTANEOUSLY DECLARED PRETERM BIRTH
Authors: Koleva-Korkelia Iliana 
Published: November 2021

Spontaneous preterm birth is the basic problem of perinatal mortality in Bulgaria. Pregnancy is characterized by physiological leukocytosis - determined by twice increased neutrophils levels, unchanged monocyte levels, and a reduction in the levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. The leukocytosis is particularly pronounced in the last trimester, due to physiological stress during pregnancy, and it is a result of the increased inflammatory response, a consequence of selective immune tolerance, immunosuppression, and fetus-immunomodulation.
The objective of this study was to investigate and to appreciate maternal leukocytosis as potential diagnostic markers in spontaneously declared preterm birth and term birth declared cases.
Methods: The case–control study was performed in UMBAL-City Hospital, Stara Zagora during 2017–2020. The study involved 200 patients, split into two groups: G1- the healthy pregnant women, n1=100 with а registered singleton pregnancy, at gestational age 37-39+6, gave birth on the term (TB); G2- the PTB patients, n2=100, confirmed clinically by cardiotocography for gestation >32 weeks. The highly sensitive Leuko-TIC-ELISA-WBC (upper limit of the normal number of Leuc during pregnancy - 15x109 per L) test was used for investigation. Blood samples were taken by puncture of the v.cubitalis in an anticoagulant at the time of hospitalization and examined within 1 hrs. Patients with systemic chronic illness and infections were excluded from the study.
The results showed statistically significant Leuc reduction in SPTB patients (14.31±2.66×109/L, p>0.03), compared to the increased (14.67±3.21×109/L) (in normal-15x109L) Leuc values in the TB group.In conclusion, the results of the Leuc value confirm the presence of a systemic leukocytosis/oxidative inflammatory reaction at the time of declaring SPTB and TB.
STUDY OF THE DIGITIZATION LEVEL OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
Authors: Grznár Patrik , Furmannová Beáta , Vavrík Vladimír , Burganová Natália , Mozol Štefan , Stárek Marián 
Published: November 2021

Today, advances in ICT are exponential in nature, and many technologies are now being added from which businesses can benefit from their application in their processes. Digitization is a wide area that already finds active application in businesses processes. It helps create new possibilities in terms of improving process performance, responding more quickly to changes, or helping to reduce costs for different production areas. In general, digitization in an enterprise can be understood as having specific financial as well as personnel requirements. There are few levels of digitalization that we can achieve (document digitalization, digital factory, virtual factory, and smart factory). The research goal of the article is a detailed description and comparison of the individual digitization levels and their tools. The article contains two case studies in which the analysis of processes in the form of questionnaires defines the appropriateness of the level of digitization. Also, based on the analysis, it is possible to say each of the levels of digitization has a particular area of application depending on the nature of production. The main findings of the case studies are that irrelevant digitization is costly and personally demanding without achieving more significant results without analysis. Companies' more efficient operation can be achieved even if the company does not use the latest technological advances and what simple changes need to be incorporated.
ATTITUDES TO THE APPLICATION IN PRACTICE OF THE SPORTS-ENTERTAINMENT COMPETENCE OF THE EDUCATOR
Authors: Zheleva-Terzieva Donka 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This article examines and analyses the need for the formation of professional-pedagogical competence for the realization of sports-animation activities in an educational environment. The opinion of current pedagogues and competent persons (experts in the field of physical education, sports animation and pedagogical area) have been studied, as well as the change in the attitudes of students from pedagogical specialties, as a result of training, on the application of the sports-animation competence of the pedagogy in and out of professional pedagogical practice.
Methods: The empirical method used is a survey applied to 291 persons. The results obtained are subject to processing and statistical analysis by the methods of quantitative analysis of survey data – Van der Waerden test and Z-test. The concordance coefficient has been calculated – to determine the degree of consistency in the expert assessment and the main empirical characteristic, – as a well as the arithmetic mean.
Findings and results: The results show high values of the indicators characterizing the opinions and attitudes of the surveyed persons both in the direct professional-pedagogical activity and on its realization beyond the vocational-pedagogical practice (within leisure time) and confirm the existence of grounds and real needs from the formation of professional-pedagogical competence for the implementation of sports-animation activities in an educational environment.
Semi-Automatic Image Segmentation on X-ray Image of Spine using Active Contour Method
Authors: Sardjono Tri Arief , Chozin Ahmad Fauzi Habiba , Nuh Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Currently, many image analysis methods have been developed on X-Ray of scoliotic patients. However, segmentation of spinal curvature is still a challenge, and needs to be improved. In this research, we proposed a semi-automatic spinal image segmentation of scoliotic patients from X-Ray images. This method is divided into 2 steps: preprocessing and segmentation process. A conversion process from RGB to grayscale and CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adequate Histogram Equalization) method was used in image preprocessing. The active contour method was used for the segmentation process. The result shows that segmentation of spinal X-ray images of scoliotic patients using active contour method interactively, can give better results. The average of ME and RAE values are 12.98% and 26.75 %. instead of using the interactive region splitting method which gets 21.17% and 89.27%. Keywords: active contour, interactive segmentation, pre-processing, scoliosis.