bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced computational homogenization techniques for modelling size effects in polymer composites
Authors: Kumar Paras , Steinmann Paul , Mergheim Julia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral experimental investigations corroborate nanosized inclusions as being much more efficient reinforcements for strengthening polymers as compared to their microsized counterparts. The inadequacy of the standard first-order computational homogenization scheme, by virtue of lack of the requisite length scale to model such size effects, necessitates enhancements to the standard scheme. In this work, a thorough assessment of one such extension based on the idea ofinterface energeticsis conducted. Systematic numerical experimentation and analysis demonstrate the limitation of the aforementioned approach in modeling mechanical behavior of composite materials where the filler material is much stiffer than the matrix. An alternative approach based on the idea ofcontinuously graded interphasesis introduced. Comprehensive evaluation of this technique by means of representative numerical examples reveals it to be the appropriate one for modeling nano-composite materials with different filler-matrix stiffness combinations.
Towards language-to-language transformation
Authors: Kopetzki Dawid , Lybecait Michael , Naujokat Stefan , Steffen Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a simplicity-oriented approach and framework for language-to-language transformation of, in particular, graphical languages. Key to simplicity is the decomposition of the transformation specification into sub-rule systems that separately specify purpose-specific aspects. We illustrate this approach by employing a variation of Plotkin’s Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) for pattern-based transformations of typed graphs in order to address the aspect ‘computation’ in a graph rewriting fashion. Key to our approach are two generalizations of Plotkin’s structural rules: the use of graph patterns as the matching concept in the rules, and the introduction of node and edge types. Types do not only allow one to easily distinguish between different kinds of dependencies, like control, data, and priority, but may also be used to define a hierarchical layering structure. The resulting Type-based Structural Operational Semantics (TSOS) supports a well-structured and intuitive specification and realization of semantically involved language-to-language transformations adequate for the generation of purpose-specific views or input formats for certain tools, like, e.g., model checkers. A comparison with the general-purpose transformation frameworks ATL and Groove, illustrates along the educational setting of our graphical WebStory language that TSOS provides quite a flexible format for the definition of a family of purpose-specific transformation languages that are easy to use and come with clear guarantees.
Trust repair in human-agent teams: the effectiveness of explanations and expressing regret
Authors: Kox E. S. , Kerstholt J. H. , Hueting T. F. , de Vries P. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe role of intelligent agents becomes more social as they are expected to act in direct interaction, involvement and/or interdependency with humans and other artificial entities, as in Human-Agent Teams (HAT). The highly interdependent and dynamic nature of teamwork demands correctly calibrated trust among team members. Trust violations are an inevitable aspect of the cycle of trust and since repairing damaged trust proves to be more difficult than building trust initially, effective trust repair strategies are needed to ensure durable and successful team performance. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of different trust repair strategies from an intelligent agent by measuring the development of human trust and advice taking in a Human-Agent Teaming task. Data for this study were obtained using a task environment resembling a first-person shooter game. Participants carried out a mission in collaboration with their artificial team member. A trust violation was provoked when the agent failed to detect an approaching enemy. After this, the agent offered one of four trust repair strategies, composed of the apology components explanation and expression of regret (either one alone, both or neither). Our results indicated that expressing regret was crucial for effective trust repair. After trust declined due to the violation by the agent, trust only significantly recovered when an expression of regret was included in the apology. This effect was stronger when an explanation was added. In this context, the intelligent agent was the most effective in its attempt of rebuilding trust when it provided an apology that was both affective, and informational. Finally, the implications of our findings for the design and study of Human-Agent trust repair are discussed.
Modular design patterns for hybrid learning and reasoning systems
Authors: van Bekkum Michael , de Boer Maaike , van Harmelen Frank , Meyer-Vitali André , Teije Annette ten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe unification of statistical (data-driven) and symbolic (knowledge-driven) methods is widely recognized as one of the key challenges of modern AI. Recent years have seen a large number of publications on such hybrid neuro-symbolic AI systems. That rapidly growing literature is highly diverse, mostly empirical, and is lacking a unifying view of the large variety of these hybrid systems. In this paper, we analyze a large body of recent literature and we propose a set ofmodular design patternsfor such hybrid, neuro-symbolic systems. We are able to describe the architecture of a very large number of hybrid systems by composing only a small set of elementary patterns as building blocks. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) a taxonomically organised vocabulary to describe both processes and data structures used in hybrid systems; 2) a set of 15+ design patterns for hybrid AI systems organized in a set of elementary patterns and a set of compositional patterns; 3) an application of these design patterns in two realistic use-cases for hybrid AI systems. Our patterns reveal similarities between systems that were not recognized until now. Finally, our design patterns extend and refine Kautz’s earlier attempt at categorizing neuro-symbolic architectures.
The Dirichlet Heat Kernel in Inner Uniform Domains in Fractal-Type Spaces
Authors: Lierl Janna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proves two-sided estimates for the Dirichlet heat kernel on inner uniform domains in metric measure Dirichlet spaces satisfying the volume doubling condition, the Poincaré inequality, and a cutoff Sobolev inequality. More generally, we obtain local upper and lower bounds for the Dirichlet heat kernel on locally inner uniform domains under local geometric assumptions on the underlying space.
Psychometric properties of the PROMIS-57 questionnaire, Norwegian version
Authors: Rimehaug Stein Arne , Kaat Aaron J. , Nordvik Jan Egil , Klokkerud Mari , Robinson Hilde Stendal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement System®—Profile 57 (PROMIS-57) questionnaire in a general population sample, n = 408, and to examine Item Response properties and factor structure.

Methods
Reliability measures were obtained from factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) methods. Correlations between PROMIS-57 and RAND-36-item health survey (RAND36) were examined for concurrent and discriminant validity. Factor structure and IRT assumptions were examined with factor analysis methods. IRT Item and model fit and graphic plots were inspected, and differential item functioning (DIF) for language, age, gender, and education level were examined.

Results
PROMIS-57 demonstrated excellent reliability and satisfactory concurrent and discriminant validity. Factor structure of seven domains was supported. IRT assumptions were met for unidimensionality, local independence, monotonicity, and invariance with no DIF of consequence for language or age groups. Estimated common variance (ECV) per domain and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit supported unidimensionality for all seven domains. The GRM IRT Model demonstrates acceptable model fit.

Conclusions
The psychometric properties and factor structure of Norwegian PROMIS-57 were satisfactory. Hence, the 57-item questionnaire along with PROMIS-29, and the corresponding 8 and 4 item short forms for physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social participation ability and pain interference, are considered suitable for use in research and clinical care in Norwegian populations. Further studies on longitudinal reliability and sensitivity in patient populations and for Norwegian item calibration and/or reference scores are needed.
Offene Familientreffs – ein Instrument der Gesundheitsförderung?
Authors: Schmid Franziska , Niederberger Marlen , Immerfall Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Offene Familientreffs gelten als niederschwellige Angebote der Familienbildung. Sie ermöglichen Begegnungen und stellen Förderangebote für Familien aus unterschiedlichen Bevölkerungsgruppen bereit.

Ziel der Arbeit
Untersucht wird, ob offene Familientreffs ein Instrument der Gesundheitsförderung für Familien in benachteiligten Lebenslagen sein können. Dazu wurden in verschiedenen offenen Familientreffs eines Landkreises die Gründe für die Besuche vergleichend für Familien mit und ohne Risiko einer Benachteiligung analysiert. Das Risiko einer Benachteiligung wird durch fünf Dimensionen operationalisiert (materiell, sozial, kulturell, familial, physisch-psychisch).

Methoden
Durchgeführt wurde eine quantitative Befragung der Besucher*innen in 12 offenen Familientreffs eines Landkreises in Baden-Württemberg. Die statistische Analyse beruht auf bivariaten Berechnungen und einer explorativen Faktorenanalyse.

Ergebnisse
Im Ergebnis zeigen sich in vielen Aspekten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Familien. Aber Familien mit einem Risiko der Benachteiligung der materiellen Dimension geben häufiger als Besuchsgrund die Unterstützung durch Fachkräfte und das Wohlbefinden während der offenen Familientreffs an. Familien mit benachteiligter Lebenslage der kulturellen Dimension begründen signifikant häufiger ihren Besuch mit dem Wunsch der Entwicklungsförderung des Kindes.

Schlussfolgerung
Offene Familientreffs erreichen Familien unterschiedlicher Lebenslagen. Wünschenswert wäre eine stärkere Ausrichtung der Angebote an den Bedürfnissen der benachteiligten Familien, um deren Inanspruchnahme weiter zu erhöhen.
Non-uniform Berry-Esseen bound by unbounded exchangeable pairs approach
Authors: Liu Da-li , Li Zheng , Wang Han-chao , Chen Zeng-jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new technique is introduced to obtain non-uniform Berry-Esseen bounds for normal and nonnormal approximations by unbounded exchangeable pairs. This technique does not rely on the concentration inequalities developed by Chen and Shao [4,5] and can be applied to the quadratic forms and the general Curie-Weiss model.
T-tail flutter simulations with regard to quadratic mode shape components
Authors: Schäfer Dominik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is known that the dynamic aeroelastic stability of T-tails is dependent on the steady aerodynamic forces at aircraft trim condition. Accounting for this dependency in the flutter solution process involves correction methods for doublet lattice method (DLM) unsteady aerodynamics, enhanced DLM algorithms, unsteady vortex lattice methods (UVLM), or the use of CFD. However, the aerodynamic improvements along with a commonly applied modal approach with linear displacements results in spurious stiffness terms, which distort the flutter velocity prediction. Hence, a higher order structural approach with quadratic mode shape components is required for accurate flutter velocity prediction of T-tails. For the study of the effects of quadratic mode shape components on T-tail flutter, a generic tail configuration without sweep and taper is used. Euler based CFD simulations are applied involving a linearized frequency domain (LFD) approach to determine the generalized aerodynamic forces. These forces are obtained based on steady CFD computations at varying horizontal tail plane (HTP) incidence angles. The quadratic mode shape components of the fundamental structural modes for the vertical tail plane (VTP), i.e., out-of-plane bending and torsion, are received from nonlinear as well as linear finite element analyses. Modal coupling resulting solely from the extended modal representation of the structure and its influence on T-tail flutter is studied. The g-method is applied to solve for the flutter velocities and corresponding flutter mode shapes. The impact of the quadratic mode shape components is visualized in terms of flutter velocities in dependency of the HTP incidence angle and the static aerodynamic HTP loading.
The dispersionless Veselov–Novikov equation: symmetries, exact solutions, and conservation laws
Authors: Morozov Oleg I. , Chang Jen-Hsu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study symmetries, invariant solutions, and conservation laws for the dispersionless Veselov–Novikov equation. The emphasis is placed on cases when the odes involved in description of the invariant solutions are integrable by quadratures. Then we find some non-invariant solutions, in particular, solutions that are polynomials of an arbitrary degree $$N \ge 3$$

N
≥
3

with respect to the spatial variables. Finally we compute all conservation laws that are associated to cosymmetries of second order.
SARS-CoV-2 seroconversions and chains of infection in healthcare professionals in a German maximum care provider (The CoSHeP study)
Authors: van Bremen Kathrin , Monin Malte , Eis-Hübinger Anna Maria , Marx Benjamin , Aldabaggh Souhaib , Streeck Hendrik , Wasmuth Jan-Christian , Menting Tanja , Schlabe Stefan , Rieke Gereon J. , Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Boesecke Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The CoSHeP study provides novel data on SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rates in healthcare professionals (HP) at risk at the University Hospital Bonn, a maximum healthcare provider in a region of 900.000 inhabitants.

Methods
Single-center, longitudinal observational study investigating rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroconversion in HP at 2 time-points. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was measured with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay.

Results
Overall, 150 HP were included. Median age was 35 (range: 19–68). Main operational areas were intensive care unit (53%, n = 80), emergency room (31%, n = 46), and infectious disease department (16%, n = 24). SARS-CoV-2-IgG was detected in 5 participants (3%) at inclusion in May/June 2020, and in another 11 participants at follow-up (December 2020/ January 2021). Of the 16 seropositive participants, 14 had already known their SARS-CoV-2 infection because they had performed a PCR-test previously triggered by symptoms. Trailing chains of infection by self-assessment, 31% (n = 5) of infections were acquired through private contacts, 25% (n = 4) most likely through semi-private contacts during work. 13% (n = 2) were assumed to result through contact with contagious patients, further trailing was unsuccessful in 31% (n = 5). All five participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG at inclusion remained positive with a median of 7 months after infection.

Discussion
Frontline HP caring for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Noteworthy, based upon identified chains of infection most of the infections were acquired in private environment and semi-private contacts during work. The low rate of infection through infectious patients reveals that professional hygiene standards are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections in HP. Persisting SARS-CoV-2-IgG might indicate longer lasting immunity supporting prioritization of negative HP for vaccination.
The canine counts! Significance of a craniodental measure to describe sexual dimorphism in canids: Golden jackals (Canis aureus) and African wolves (Canis lupaster)
Authors: Hatlauf Jennifer , Krendl Lisa Maria , Tintner Johannes , Griesberger Paul , Heltai Miklós , Markov Georgi , Viranta Suvi , Hackländer Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon among mammals, including carnivorans. While sexual dimorphism in golden jackals (Canis aureus) has been analysed in the past, in the related and apparently convergent canid, the African wolf (Canis lupaster), it is poorly studied and showed to be relatively small. Previously, sexual size dimorphism (SSD) research in these species was mostly based on skull and body measurements. In our study, we also included dental measurements, namely the diameter of the canine. We used 11 measured sections of 104 adult specimens, comprising 61 golden jackal and 43 African wolf skulls. Data analyses were carried out through logistic regression and conditional inference trees (CIT). To compare the results of SSD to other species, sexual dimorphism indices (SDI) were calculated. Golden jackals and African wolves show significant sexual size dimorphism, both in cranial and dental size. The logistic regression revealed that the mesiodistal diameter of the upper canine is most effective in discerning the sexes. The difference in the calculated SDI of the canine diameter between the sexes amounted to 8.71 in golden jackals and 14.11 in African wolves, respectively—with regional diversity. Thus, the canine diameter is an important measure to investigate SSD as well as an easy tool to apply in the field.
Group Agents and Moral Status: What Can We Owe to Organizations?
Authors: Lovett Adam , Riedener Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganizations have neither a right to vote nor a right to life. But we can owe them to keep our promises or show them gratitude. So we owe some things to organizations, but not everything we owe to people. What explains this? Individualistic views explain it just in terms of features of organizations’ individual members. Collectivistic views explain it just in terms of features of those organizations. Neither view works. Instead, we need to synthesize these approaches. Some individual interests are distinctively collective. Individuals have an interest in participating in successful collective action. This explains organizations’ apparently fragmented moral status.
Pronoun Usage as a Measure of Power Personalization: A General Theory with Evidence from the Chinese-Speaking World
Authors: Liu Amy H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow can the growing personalization of power be identified and measured ex ante? Extant measures in the authoritarian literature have traditionally focused on institutional constraints and more recently on individual behaviour – such as purging opposition members from (and packing allies into) government bodies. This article offers a different strategy that examines leaders’ individual rhetoric. It focuses on patterns of pronoun usage for the first person. The author argues that as leaders personalize power, they are less likely to use ‘I’ (a pronoun linked to credit claiming and blame minimizing) and more likely to use ‘we’ (the leader speaks for – or with – the populace). To test this argument, the study focuses on all major, scheduled speeches by all chief executives in the entire Chinese-speaking world – that is, China, Singapore and Taiwan – since independence. It finds a robust pattern between first-person pronouns and political constraints. To ensure the results are not driven by the Chinese sample, the rhetoric of four other political leaders is considered: Albania's Hoxha, North Korea's Kim Il Sung, Hungary's Orbán and Ecuador's Correa. The implications of this project suggest that how leaders talk can provide insights into how they perceive their rule.
Automatic identification system data-driven model for analysis of ship domain near bridge-waters
Authors: Jinyu Lei , Lei Liu , Xiumin Chu , Wei He , Xinglong Liu , Cong Liu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ship safety domain plays a significant role in collision risk assessment. However, few studies take the practical considerations of implementing this method in the vicinity of bridge-waters into account. Therefore, historical automatic identification system data is utilised to construct and analyse ship domains considering ship–ship and ship–bridge collisions. A method for determining the closest boundary is proposed, and the boundary of the ship domain is fitted by the least squares method. The ship domains near bridge-waters are constructed as ellipse models, the characteristics of which are discussed. Novel fuzzy quaternion ship domain models are established respectively for inland ships and bridge piers, which would assist in the construction of a risk quantification model and the calculation of a grid ship collision index. A case study is carried out on the multi-bridge waterway of the Yangtze River in Wuhan, China. The results show that the size of the ship domain is highly correlated with the ship's speed and length, and analysis of collision risk can reflect the real situation near bridge-waters, which is helpful to demonstrate the application of the ship domain in quantifying the collision risk and to characterise the collision risk distribution near bridge-waters.
Baseline intracardiac echocardiography predicts haemodynamic changes and Doppler velocity patterns during follow-up after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
Authors: Morgan Gareth J. , Rodriguez Salvador A. , Leahy Ryan , Randall Jess , Zablah Jenny E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Intracardiac echocardiography Doppler-derived gradients have previously been shown to correlate with post-procedure echocardiographic evaluations when compared with invasive gradients measured during percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, suggesting that intracardiac echocardiography could offer an accurate and predictable starting point to estimate valve function after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of 51 patients who underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation between September 2018 and December 2019 in whom intracardiac echocardiography was performed immediately after valve implantation. We evaluated the correlation between intracardiac echocardiography gradients and post-procedural Doppler-derived gradients. Among the parameters assessed, those which demonstrated the strongest correlation were used to create a predictive model of expected echo-derived gradients after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. The equation was validated on the same sample data along with a subsequent cohort of 25 consecutive patients collected between January 2020 and July 2020.Results:All the assessed correlation models between intracardiac echocardiography evaluation and post-procedure transthoracic echocardiographic assessments were statistically significant, presenting moderate to strong correlations. The strongest relationship was found between intracardiac echocardiography mean gradients and post-procedural transthoracic echocardiographic mean gradients. Therefore, an equation was created based on the intracardiac echocardiography-derived mean gradient, to allow prediction of the post-procedural and follow-up transthoracic echocardiographic-derived mean gradients within a range of ±5 mmHg from the observed value in more than 80% of cases.Conclusions:There is a strong correlation between intracardiac echocardiography and post-procedure transthoracic echocardiographic. This allowed us to derive a predictive equation that defines the expected transthoracic echocardiographic Doppler-derived gradient following the procedure and at out-patient follow-up after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.