bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast Induced Nephropathy and its predictors after Primary Percutaneous Intervention
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Chandra , Malla Rabi , Maskey Arun , Rajbhandari Sujeeb , Baral Bishow Raj , Budhathoki Arjun , Bhandari Shreya , Shrestha Shipra , Simkhada Rabindra , Karki Parag 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Worldwide many patients are receiving intravascular contrast media (CM) during interventional procedures. Contrast media are used to enhance visualization and guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).1 However, the use of CM also carries the risk of complications and it is important to be aware of these complications. Complications with CM range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis, hypotension and renal dysfunction and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of them which can have both short and long term consequences.2 This study aimed to know the incidence of CIN in our center and possible predictors associated with it.
Methods: This is the single hospital based cross sectional observational study. Patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled in the study. All the patients underwent thorough history taking and physical examination. Baseline required laboratory investigations were sent. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography screening was done before taking patient to primary PCI as per the protocol of the hospital.
Results: The number of patients enrolled in the study was 83 out of which 65(78.2%) were males and mean age was 59.7±13.2. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) among the patients was 103.8±21.3. Almost 2/3rd of the population received intravenous fluids. Minimum contrast volume used was 50ml and maximum was 270. When absolute rise in creatinine was considered 12 (14.5%) had CIN and when percent rise was also considered total 28 (33.7%) had CIN. While evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age (p=0.01), hypotension with mean MAP <60 mmhg (p=0.04)) and higher contrast volume >100ml (p=0.04) was found to be significant.
Conclusion: The incidence of CIN in patients undergoing PPCI was similar to the studies done in other parts of the world. Evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age, hypotension and higher contrast volume was the significant predictor.
Catheter ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias in Nepal-5 Years Single Centre Experience
Authors: Raut Roshan , Dhungana Murari , KC Man Bahadur , Sharma Mukunda , Joshi Surakshya , Bajracharya Prashanta , Sherpa Kunjang , Pradhan Laksheshwor , Rajbhandari Sujeeb 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (IVAs) is defined as premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia or sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the absence of obvious structural heart disease. Catheter ablation has become an established treatment strategy for wide varieties of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study is to report the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, for the first time in Nepal.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational descriptive study of all patients who underwent electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation for IVAs from March, 2015 to February 2020 at Shahid Gangalal National Heart center (SGNHC).
Results: Altogether 101 patients underwent an EP study with intent to ablations for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. In 13 patients, ventricular arrhythmias were not present on the procedure day and also could not be induced in the lab, therefore ablation was performed in 88 patients only. RVOT was the most common site of these arrhythmias comprising 51% of all cases, followed by fascicular VT (34%) and basal left ventricular IVAs (15%). Out of 88 patients, the acute success of 7 patients could not be assessed because of very infrequent PVCs. Out of remaining 81 patients, acute success achieved in 77 patients (95%). Recurrence occurred in 9 patients (10.7%) and 4 patients underwent repeat ablation giving rise to over clinical success during follow up in 78 patients (88.7%). There were two major complications, one pulmonary embolism and another cardiac tamponade both managed successfully.
Conclusion: This single-center single operator study demonstrates that catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias has a high success and low complication rate
Right Atrial Thrombus Associated with Central Venous Catheter after Surgical Repair of Co-arctation of Aorta
Authors: Bajracharya Smriti Mahaju , Sapkota Sandeep 
Published: November 2021

Central venous catheterization (CVC) is a routine and essential procedure performed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, its use is not without complications ranging from mechanical to infectious to thrombotic in nature. Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis (CRAT) is usually underreported as it is commonly small in size and asymptomatic. Nevertheless, CRAT might lead to a potentially severe and life threatening complication in both adult and young patients. Up to 30% of patients with CVCs are estimated to be affected by CRAT. Anticoagulation and subsequently catheter removal were recommended as a first-line therapy and have suggested that no intervention may be associated with a high mortality rate.
Here, we report a case of a 3-months-old male child who underwent coarctation of aorta repair and was diagnosed with right atrial thrombosis associated with CVC in postoperative period and anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin. The thrombus was followed up closely and when there was no further decrease in the size of the mass around 9 days after the diagnosis, the CVC was removed. The heparin was continued even after removal of CVC for further 7 days and patient was eventually discharged from the hospital.
KOMPRESI DENGAN METODE DISCRETE CONSINE TRANSFORM (DCT) UNTUK UPLOAD GAMBAR PADA APLIKASI CHATROOM
Authors: Baskoro Yulianto 
Published: November 2021

Saat ini perkembangan telekomunikasi sudah beralih dari analog menjadi digital. Ini disebabkan oleh perkembangan internet yang dapat menghubungkan semua perangkat di seluruh dunia. Pada komunikasi menggunakan internet sinyal yang dikirimkan adalah dalam bentuk data digital. Oleh sebab itu untuk memudahkan dalam menampilkan data citra digital di aplikasi chatroom maka diperlukan proses kompresi. Sehingga secara umum kegunaan kompresi pada data citra digital adalah untuk mempermudah komunikasi (mengurangi bandwidth) dan juga untuk memperkecil alokasi penyimpanan. Salah satu metode kompresi yaitu kompresi Lossy yang memiliki kemudahan dan kompleksitas rendah menjadi cara untuk mengatasinya. Salah satu metode Lossy yaitu Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Berdasarkan permasalahan yang sudah dijelaskan di atas maka penulis mengajukan penelitian yang berjudul Kompresi Dengan Metode Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Untuk Upload Gambar Pada Aplikasi Chatroom. Dari hasil percobaan sebanyak 20 data sampel citra yang berupa 10 data citra dengan size dibawah 21 KB dan 10 data citra dengan size diatas 21 KB mendapatkan hasil, hasil rasio kompresi sebesar 1%. Rasio kompresi berfungsi untuk menguji kesamaan setelah data hasil kompresi dikembalikan seperti semula atau dekompresi. Juga didapatkan nilai rata – rata Mean Square Error (MSE) yang cukup rendah yaitu 0. Mean Square Error (MSE) berfungsi untuk menghitung rekonstruksi data kompresi dan mengukur kesalahan proses kompresi secara keseluruhan. Dan didapatkan nilai Peak Signal To Noise Rasio (PNSR) yang cukup tinggi..
Penerapan Metode Goal Programming Untuk Penyelesaian Masalah Optimasi Biaya Produksi Dan Target Penjualan
Authors: Sasmita Hanafi 
Published: November 2021

Toko roti tiga bintang merupakan industri rumah tangga yang memproduksi Roti gulung dan donat setiap hari. Selama ini permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh toko roti ini adalah keuntungan yang belum maksimal dan pendapatan penjualaan donat sangat minim , dengan menggunakan metode Goal Programming dengan dataset studi kasus pada Toko Roti Tiga Bintang, untuk atribut acuan yang menjadi acuan dalam penelitian ini adalah biaya bahan baku tidak langsung, gaji karyawan dan biaya overhead , Komponen utama dari masalah program linier (linier programming) adalah fungsi tujuan yang berupa kriteria maksimum atau minimum Tujuan dari goal programming adalah meminimumkan deviasi atau penyimpangan dari semua target yang diinginkan, dengan mempertimbangkan semua kendala dari target serta kendala dari modelnya. Oleh karena itu, fungsi tujuan setiap target atau goal merupakan bagian dari fungsi tujuan masalah goal programming secara keseluruhan. Data yang digunakan pada optimasi ini adalah data dari Toko Roti Tiga Bintang yang di produksi perhari dari biaya bahan baku tidak langsung ,gaji karyawan, biaya overhead dan keuntungan tiap roti gulung dan donat perhari, Menentukan nilai bobot diambil dari masing-masing goal yang mempunyai tingkat prioritas kepentingan yang sama untuk dicapai, jadi tidak ada prioritas mana target yang harus dicapai lebih dulu , Hasil dari pengoptimalan antara roti gulung dan donat sesudah di lakukan pengujian sistem di dapatkan hasil dari roti gulung yang di produksi setiap hari 2.273 dan donat yang di produksi setiap hari 681 yang di hitung mendapatkan total keuntungan 1.881.911 yang sebelumya 1.834.000.
Sistem Informasi Pariwasata Pantai Pandawa Berbasis Web
Authors: Pratama Rama Dian Rizki 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan perkembangan dari kemajuan teknologi informasi yang mengimplementasi bagian dari teknologi informasi yaitu penggunaan website. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan Pantai Pandawa beserta hal yang berkaitan dengan pantai ini kepada publik dengan mengunjungi website yang kami buat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem waterfall modelling dan beberapa teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa sistem informasi pariwisata pantai berbasis web yang dibangun dalam penelitian ini merupakan sistem informasi yang pertama digunakan untuk mempromosikan pariwisata pantai yang ada di Kabupaten Badung, Bali.
SOME PROPERTIES OF THE HYPERSPHERE IN N-DIMENSIONAL SPACE
Authors: Kovalov Sergiy , Mostovenko Oleksandr 
Published: November 2021

The study of the properties of surfaces contributes to the expansion of their use in solving various practical problems, especially if such properties can be generalized to manifolds of n-dimensional space. The most thoroughly studied are the properties of the simplest surfaces, including the properties of a sphere. That is why the simplest surfaces are most often used in practice. Each property not covered in the existing literature expands the indicated possibilities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the properties of the hypersphere unknown from the literature.
Most of the properties of a circle and a sphere have been known since ancient times [1, 4, 5]. The generalized concept of a sphere into multidimensional spaces is based on the general principles of multidimensional geometry [3]. In [4], eleven basic properties of the sphere are listed and analyzed. In works [8, 10] it is shown that a circle can be considered as an isoline, and a sphere as an isosurface when modeling energy fields.
In geometric modeling of energy fields with point energy sources, an essential role is played by the distances from the points of the field to the given energy sources [6, 7]. In [9], two schemes are given for determining the parameter t, taking into account the effect of the distance from the points of the field to the point sources of energy on the potentials of the points of the field. In a particular case, if this parameter is determined according to a simplified scheme with f(l)=al2, then the formula for calculating the potential of an arbitrary point of the energy field is a mathematical model of the energy field generated by the number n of point energy sources. The geometric model of the field will be a manifold that can be foliated into a one-parameter set of isospheres [8, 10].
Abstracting from the physical nature of the field, simplifying the equation for calculating the potential of an arbitrary point of the energy field and generalizing it to n-dimensional space, we can formulate the following properties:
Property 1. A hypersphere can be considered as a locus of points, the sum of the squared distances from which to n given points is a constant value.
Property 2. Arbitrary coefficients ki at distances li affect the parameters of the hypersphere without changing the type of surface.
IMPLICATION THE CROSS-PLATFORM LOVE2D ENGINE FOR RENDERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tregubova Iryna , Hryhorashchenko Vladyslav 
Published: November 2021

Recently, the market for consoles and mobile games is growing, and therefore to find a game engine that meets the demanding requirements of users is not an easy task. Technology platforms have become clear favorites of many developers. However, the market is volatile, and therefore the question of choosing a game engine will not lose its relevance in the near future and is the first, main, relevant and important subject of choice in this work. The relevance of this article is to write an original algorithm for 2D computer game, taking into account the latest intelligent technologies, which will be different from previous versions by its uniqueness: a new procedural generation, improved artificial intelligence of characters, original game mechanics, which necessitated the creation of a key to unlock levels.
To work on this task, the open cross-platform LOVE2D engine and the Lua programming language a powerful, efficient and easy to learn language were substantiated. The reason for choosing the LOVE2D game engine is that its technology is unique in itself. Simple text was used in the development of the game algorithm. A significant number of issues were resolved in unique way from scratch while developing.
Original positions of game mechanics are created such as unlocking the end of the level, the infinity of the game and focusing on the maximum "Score", increasing the size of each subsequent level, compared to the previous one, improved artificial intelligence of characters are the main differences from existing approaches used to create previous Super Mario Bros projects. The reason that makes this project more advanced and a little more random than the original game: it's a procedural level generation. Since the game is infinite it's really important to keep levels random and different.
The obtained results made it possible to say that the work done is a new step forward in comparison with previous developments of algorithms for this 2D game. The original algorithm and code for 2D computer game, using the capabilities of modern information technologies, can be useful not only for creating mobile games, but also for solving virtual reality, augmented reality, TV presentation, visualization effects of the hologram.
The project presented in the paper is made exclusively for the purpose of implementation in the educational process.
FOUR-DIMENSIONAL BALL IN A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
Authors: Bidnichenko Helena 
Published: November 2021

The paper presents a method for geometric modelling of a four-dimensional ball. For this, the regularities of the change in the shape of the projections of simple geometric images of two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces during rotation are considered. Rotations of a segment and a circle around an axis are considered; it is shown that during rotation the shape of their projections changes from the maximum value to the degenerate projection.
It was found that the set of points of the degenerate projection belongs to the axis of rotation, and each n-dimensional geometric image during rotation forms a body of a higher dimension, that is, one that belongs to (n + 1) -dimensional space. Identified regularities are extended to the four-dimensional space in which the ball is placed. It is shown that the axis of rotation of the ball will be a degenerate projection in the form of a circle, and the ball, when rotating, changes its size from a volumetric object to a flat circle, then increases again, but in the other direction (that is, it turns out), and then in reverse order to its original position. This rotation is more like a deformation, and such a ball of four-dimensional space is a hypersphere. For geometric modelling of the hypersphere and the possibility of its projection image, the article uses the vector model proposed by P.V. Filippov. The coordinate system 0xyzt is defined. The algebraic equation of the hypersphere is given by analogy with the three-dimensional space along certain coordinates of the center a, b, c, d. A variant of hypersection at t = 0 is considered, which confirms by equations obtaining a two-dimensional ball of three-dimensional space, a point (a ball of zero radius), which coincides with the center of the ball, or an imaginary ball. For the variant t = d, the equation of a two-dimensional ball is obtained, in which the radius is equal to R and the coordinates of all points along the 0t axis are equal to d. The variant of hypersection t = k turned out to be interesting, in which the equation of a two-dimensional sphere was obtained, in which the coordinates of all points along the 0t axis are equal to k, and the radius is . Horizontal vector projections of hypersection are constructed for different values of k. It is concluded that the set of horizontal vector projections of hypersections at t = k defines an ellipse.
CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF APPLIED GEOMETRY SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF IGOR SIKORSKY KPI
Authors: Vanin Volodymyr , Virchenko Gennadii , Gumen Olena 
Published: November 2021

The emergence of the applied geometry school of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute is associated with the formation of an educational institution at the end of the 19th century. For more than 120 years of history, significant results have been achieved, which have been implemented into production and the educational process. The available significant theoretical and practical achievements allowed to identify promising directions for further development.
During this period, the Department of Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics has published thousands of scientific works, hundreds of educational and methodological publications, 15 doctoral and more than 60 candidate dissertations have been defended. The scientific topics are connected with the shaping of complex curves and surfaces by methods of algebraic, differential, projective geometry, taking into account the needs of production; construction of agricultural machinery; multidimensional geometry; involute-evolutionary models; design and manufacture of aircrafts; optimization of industrial products; computer geometry, etc.
The obtained results have been implemented at the leading machine-building enterprises of Ukraine, such as SE “Antonov”, Kharkiv State Aviation Production Enterprise, OJSC “Meridian” named after S.P. Korolyov, Research and Production Association "Kyiv Automatiсs Plant", etc. Over the past decade, more than 30 patents for utility models have been obtained, which are successfully applied in practice.
Thus, the school of applied geometry of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute has more than a century of history. Over the years, a significant contribution has been made to the development of domestic science, industry, and higher education. Today the existing achievements contribute to improving the efficiency of computer-aided design of various technical products, processes of its manufacture, and operation. Nowadays, the staff of the Department of Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics faces a number of important scientific, educational and production problems, which are successfully solved thanks to the accumulated theoretical and practical experience. This is also facilitated by the wide involvement of young people in these activities.
OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BY MEANS OF STRUCTURAL-PARAMETRIC MODELING
Authors: Virchenko Gennadii , Lynok Nazar 
Published: November 2021

The modern life of people is characterized by constant interaction with various technical systems. These are various buildings (residential, industrial and social purposes), means of transport (cars, ships and planes), production equipment, household appliances (television sets, computers, telephones, washing machines, and refrigerators), etc.
A significant number of requirements, often contradictory, both individual and general, are made to the above objects. The first take into account the specifics of these products, and the second are universal in nature. Relevant examples are the immobility of structures, good transport controllability, accuracy of equipment, high-quality images of TVs, computers, etc. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, high reliability, long service life, low cost, etc. The operation of technical facilities is based on processes of various natures. But they also have common properties. These include geometric parameters of shape, size, position and time. In other words, everything around us is located in a certain space and happens in time. Such an extensive theoretical foundation was made to confirm the basic generalizing role of geometric models, including dynamic ones, in the modern automated development of many types of industrial products. The material presented above shows that the search of optimal variants, which are compromise for the existing conflicting requirements, of various technical objects is now an urgent problem of social development.
One of the progressive directions of computer geometric modeling, developed by the scientific school of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, is structural-parametric shaping. This methodology is quite universal, it is productively applied in the aviation industry, it has been introduced into general mechanical engineering, the oil refining industry, in the manufacture of composite materials, and begins to adapt to the needs of construction. The main purpose of this publication is to expand the scope of this approach through the further development of some of its theoretical provisions.
Prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups and their association with Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Yousaf , Sijjeel Farwa , Khalid Ahmareen , Khurshid Rukhshan , Habiba Umm E , Majid Hina , Naeem Mashal , Nawaz Basharat , Nawaz Basharat , Abbas Safdar , Malik Noor Ul Ain 
Published: November 2021

Certain Rh positive blood groups showed a link between the ABO blood grouping and susceptibility to some infectious ailments. Study was carried out to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with different viral infection. A retrospective observational study was carried in 7631 blood donors to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with viral infection due to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Syphilis. Data of the study indicateF that the highest incidence of blood group in blood donor was B followed by O, A and AB. The incidence of HBsAg +ve, HCV Ab +ve and infection of Syphilis was also highest in donor with blood group B followed by O, A and AB. Blood group A were more susceptible to HIV Ab +ve followed by blood group B, O and AB. The group B donors had the greatest risk of viral infection with HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis; followed by the groups O, A, and AB. Donors in group AB had the lowest incidence rate of all viral infection. The study revealed that blood group B is most prevalent among donors, followed by blood groups O, A, and AB. On the other side, the rate of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis infection was greatest among group B donors, followed by group O, group A, and group AB.
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