bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of the determinants controlling Arpp19 phosphatase-inhibitory activity reveals an Arpp19/PP2A-B55 feedback loop
Authors: Labbé Jean Claude , Vigneron Suzanne , Méchali Francisca , Robert Perle , Roque Sylvain , Genoud Cindy , Goguet-Rubio Perrine , Barthe Phillipe , Labesse Gilles , Cohen-Gonsaud Martin , Castro Anna , Lorca Thierry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArpp19 is a potent PP2A-B55 inhibitor that regulates this phosphatase to ensure the stable phosphorylation of mitotic/meiotic substrates. At G2-M, Arpp19 is phosphorylated by the Greatwall kinase on S67. This phosphorylated Arpp19 form displays a high affinity to PP2A-B55 and a slow dephosphorylation rate, acting as a competitor of PP2A-B55 substrates. The molecular determinants conferring slow dephosphorylation kinetics to S67 are unknown. PKA also phosphorylates Arpp19. This phosphorylation performed on S109 is essential to maintain prophase I-arrest in Xenopus oocytes although the underlying signalling mechanism is elusive. Here, we characterize the molecular determinants conferring high affinity and slow dephosphorylation to S67 and controlling PP2A-B55 inhibitory activity of Arpp19. Moreover, we show that phospho-S109 restricts S67 phosphorylation by increasing its catalysis by PP2A-B55. Finally, we discover a double feed-back loop between these two phospho-sites essential to coordinate the temporal pattern of Arpp19-dependent PP2A-B55 inhibition and Cyclin B/Cdk1 activation during cell division.
Reliable identification of protein-protein interactions by crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Lenz Swantje , Sinn Ludwig R. , O’Reilly Francis J. , Fischer Lutz , Wegner Fritz , Rappsilber Juri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein-protein interactions govern most cellular pathways and processes, and multiple technologies have emerged to systematically map them. Assessing the error of interaction networks has been a challenge. Crosslinking mass spectrometry is currently widening its scope from structural analyses of purified multi-protein complexes towards systems-wide analyses of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Using a carefully controlled large-scale analysis of Escherichia coli cell lysate, we demonstrate that false-discovery rates (FDR) for PPIs identified by crosslinking mass spectrometry can be reliably estimated. We present an interaction network comprising 590 PPIs at 1% decoy-based PPI-FDR. The structural information included in this network localises the binding site of the hitherto uncharacterised protein YacL to near the DNA exit tunnel on the RNA polymerase.
Highly sensitive active pixel image sensor array driven by large-area bilayer MoS2 transistor circuitry
Authors: Hong Seongin , Zagni Nicolò , Choo Sooho , Liu Na , Baek Seungho , Bala Arindam , Yoo Hocheon , Kang Byung Ha , Kim Hyun Jae , Yun Hyung Joong , Alam Muhammad Ashraful , Kim Sunkook 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarious large-area growth methods for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have been developed recently for future electronic and photonic applications. However, they have not yet been employed for synthesizing active pixel image sensors. Here, we report on an active pixel image sensor array with a bilayer MoS2 film prepared via a two-step large-area growth method. The active pixel of image sensor is composed of 2D MoS2 switching transistors and 2D MoS2 phototransistors. The maximum photoresponsivity (Rph) of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistors in an 8 × 8 active pixel image sensor array is statistically measured as high as 119.16 A W−1. With the aid of computational modeling, we find that the main mechanism for the high Rph of the bilayer MoS2 phototransistor is a photo-gating effect by the holes trapped at subgap states. The image-sensing characteristics of the bilayer MoS2 active pixel image sensor array are successfully investigated using light stencil projection.
Electromagnetic power of lightning superbolts from Earth to space
Authors: Ripoll J.-F. , Farges T. , Malaspina D. M. , Cunningham G. S. , Lay E. H. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kletzing C. A. , Wygant J. R. , Pédeboy S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLightning superbolts are the most powerful and rare lightning events with intense optical emission, first identified from space. Superbolt events occurred in 2010-2018 could be localized by extracting the high energy tail of the lightning stroke signals measured by the very low frequency ground stations of the World-Wide Lightning Location Network. Here, we report electromagnetic observations of superbolts from space using Van Allen Probes satellite measurements, and ground measurements, and with two events measured both from ground and space. From burst-triggered measurements, we compute electric and magnetic power spectral density for very low frequency waves driven by superbolts, both on Earth and transmitted into space, demonstrating that superbolts transmit 10-1000 times more powerful very low frequency waves into space than typical strokes and revealing that their extreme nature is observed in space. We find several properties of superbolts that notably differ from most lightning flashes; a more symmetric first ground-wave peak due to a longer rise time, larger peak current, weaker decay of electromagnetic power density in space with distance, and a power mostly confined in the very low frequency range. Their signal is absent in space during day times and is received with a long-time delay on the Van Allen Probes. These results have implications for our understanding of lightning and superbolts, for ionosphere-magnetosphere wave transmission, wave propagation in space, and remote sensing of extreme events.
Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease improve prediction of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly populations
Authors: Cullen Nicholas C. , Leuzy Antoine , Janelidze Shorena , Palmqvist Sebastian , Svenningsson Anna L. , Stomrud Erik , Dage Jeffrey L. , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlasma biomarkers of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN) need to be characterized in cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals. We therefore tested if plasma measurements of amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40, phospho-tau217 (P-tau217), and neurofilament light (NfL) together predict clinical deterioration in 435 CU individuals followed for an average of 4.8 ± 1.7 years in the BioFINDER study. A combination of all three plasma biomarkers and basic demographics best predicted change in cognition (Pre-Alzheimer’s Clinical Composite; R2 = 0.14, 95% CI [0.12–0.17]; P < 0.0001) and subsequent AD dementia (AUC = 0.82, 95% CI [0.77–0.91], P < 0.0001). In a simulated clinical trial, a screening algorithm combining all three plasma biomarkers would reduce the required sample size by 70% (95% CI [54–81]; P < 0.001) with cognition as trial endpoint, and by 63% (95% CI [53–70], P < 0.001) with subsequent AD dementia as trial endpoint. Plasma ATN biomarkers show usefulness in cognitively unimpaired populations and could make large clinical trials more feasible and cost-effective.
Adherence to public institutions that foster cooperation
Authors: Radzvilavicius Arunas L. , Kessinger Taylor A. , Plotkin Joshua B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumans typically consider altruism a moral good and condition their social behavior on the moral reputations of others. Indirect reciprocity explains how social norms and reputations support cooperation: individuals cooperate with others who are considered good. Indirect reciprocity works when an institution monitors and publicly broadcasts moral reputations. Here we develop a theory of adherence to public monitoring in societies where individuals are, at first, independently responsible for evaluating the reputations of their peers. Using a mathematical model, we show that adherence to an institution of moral assessment can evolve and promote cooperation under four different social norms, including norms that previous studies found to perform poorly. We determine how an institution’s size and its degree of tolerance towards anti-social behavior affect the rate of cooperation. Public monitoring serves to eliminate disagreements about reputations, which increases cooperation and payoffs, so that adherence evolves by social contagion and remains robust against displacement.
A design strategy for high mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors
Authors: Mun Jaewan , Ochiai Yuto , Wang Weichen , Zheng Yu , Zheng Yu-Qing , Wu Hung-Chin , Matsuhisa Naoji , Higashihara Tomoya , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Yun Youngjun , Bao Zhenan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a key component in stretchable electronics, semiconducting polymers have been widely studied. However, it remains challenging to achieve stretchable semiconducting polymers with high mobility and mechanical reversibility against repeated mechanical stress. Here, we report a simple and universal strategy to realize intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with controlled multi-scale ordering to address this challenge. Specifically, incorporating two types of randomly distributed co-monomer units reduces overall crystallinity and longer-range orders while maintaining short-range ordered aggregates. The resulting polymers maintain high mobility while having much improved stretchability and mechanical reversibility compared with the regular polymer structure with only one type of co-monomer units. Interestingly, the crystalline microstructures are mostly retained even under strain, which may contribute to the improved robustness of our stretchable semiconductors. The proposed molecular design concept is observed to improve the mechanical properties of various p- and n-type conjugated polymers, thus showing the general applicability of our approach. Finally, fully stretchable transistors fabricated with our newly designed stretchable semiconductors exhibit the highest and most stable mobility retention capability under repeated strains of 1,000 cycles. Our general molecular engineering strategy offers a rapid way to develop high mobility stretchable semiconducting polymers.
Dynamic self-assembly of compartmentalized DNA nanotubes
Authors: Agarwal Siddharth , Klocke Melissa A. , Pungchai Passa E. , Franco Elisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBottom-up synthetic biology aims to engineer artificial cells capable of responsive behaviors by using a minimal set of molecular components. An important challenge toward this goal is the development of programmable biomaterials that can provide active spatial organization in cell-sized compartments. Here, we demonstrate the dynamic self-assembly of nucleic acid (NA) nanotubes inside water-in-oil droplets. We develop methods to encapsulate and assemble different types of DNA nanotubes from programmable DNA monomers, and demonstrate temporal control of assembly via designed pathways of RNA production and degradation. We examine the dynamic response of encapsulated nanotube assembly and disassembly with the support of statistical analysis of droplet images. Our study provides a toolkit of methods and components to build increasingly complex and functional NA materials to mimic life-like functions in synthetic cells.
Effect of specific non-pharmaceutical intervention policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the counties of the United States
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Huang Angkana T. , Garcia-Carreras Bernardo , Hart William E. , Staid Andrea , Hitchings Matt D. T. , Lee Elizabeth C. , Howe Chanelle J. , Grantz Kyra H. , Wesolowksi Amy , Lemaitre Joseph Chadi , Rattigan Susan , Moreno Carlos , Borgert Brooke A. , Dale Celeste , Quigley Nicole , Cummings Andrew , McLorg Alizée , LoMonaco Kaelene , Schlossberg Sarah , Barron-Kraus Drew , Shrock Harrison ,   UFCOVID Interventions Team, Khoury Stephanie , Indra Meenal , Yau Hung-Leong , Cummings Ben , Giannas Peter , McLean Martha-Grace , Hubbard Ken , Saunders Camazia , Weldon Caroline , Phillips Caroline , Rosenbaum David , Tabla Dianelys , Lessler Justin , Laird Carl D. , Cummings Derek A. T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain the only widely available tool for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model and associated these with county-level characteristics and NPIs in the United States (US). Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reffbelow 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.39) or face masks (median Reff0.97, 95% CI 0.58–1.39). While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others.
SARS-CoV-2 RBD trimer protein adjuvanted with Alum-3M-052 protects from SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune pathology in the lung
Authors: Routhu Nanda Kishore , Cheedarla Narayanaiah , Bollimpelli Venkata Satish , Gangadhara Sailaja , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Lai Lilin , Sahoo Anusmita , Shiferaw Ayalnesh , Styles Tiffany M. , Floyd Katharine , Fischinger Stephanie , Atyeo Caroline , Shin Sally A. , Gumber Sanjeev , Kirejczyk Shannon , Dinnon Kenneth H. , Shi Pei-Yong , Menachery Vineet D. , Tomai Mark , Fox Christopher B. , Alter Galit , Vanderford Thomas H. , Gralinski Lisa , Suthar Mehul S. , Amara Rama Rao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a great need for the development of vaccines that induce potent and long-lasting protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Multimeric display of the antigen combined with potent adjuvant can enhance the potency and longevity of the antibody response. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we developed a trimeric form of the RBD and show that it induces a potent neutralizing antibody response against live virus with diverse effector functions and provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice and rhesus macaques. The trimeric form induces higher neutralizing antibody titer compared to monomer with as low as 1μg antigen dose. In mice, adjuvanting the protein with a TLR7/8 agonist formulation alum-3M-052 induces 100-fold higher neutralizing antibody titer and superior protection from infection compared to alum. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes significant loss of innate cells and pathology in the lung, and vaccination protects from changes in innate cells and lung pathology. These results demonstrate RBD trimer protein as a suitable candidate for vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Investigation of monogenic causes of familial breast cancer: data from the BEACCON case-control study
Authors: Li Na , Lim Belle W. X. , Thompson Ella R. , McInerny Simone , Zethoven Magnus , Cheasley Dane , Rowley Simone M. , Wong-Brown Michelle W. , Devereux Lisa , Gorringe Kylie L. , Sloan Erica K. , Trainer Alison , Scott Rodney J. , James Paul A. , Campbell Ian G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) has a significant heritable component but the genetic contribution remains unresolved in the majority of high-risk BC families. This study aims to investigate the monogenic causes underlying the familial aggregation of BC beyondBRCA1andBRCA2, including the identification of new predisposing genes. A total of 11,511 non-BRCA familial BC cases and population-matched cancer-free female controls in the BEACCON study were investigated in two sequencing phases: 1303 candidate genes in up to 3892 cases and controls, followed by validation of 145 shortlisted genes in an additional 7619 subjects. The coding regions and exon–intron boundaries of all candidate genes and 14 previously proposed BC genes were sequenced using custom designed sequencing panels. Pedigree and pathology data were analysed to identify genotype-specific associations. The contribution ofATM,PALB2andCHEK2to BC predisposition was confirmed, but notRAD50andNBN. An overall excess of loss-of-function (LoF) (OR 1.27,p = 9.05 × 10−9) and missense (OR 1.27,p = 3.96 × 10−73) variants was observed in the cases for the 145 candidate genes. Leading candidates harbored LoF variants with observed ORs of 2–4 and individually accounted for no more than 0.79% of the cases. New genes proposed by this study includeNTHL1,WRN,PARP2,CTHandCDK9. The new candidate BC predisposition genes identified in BEACCON indicate that much of the remaining genetic causes of high-risk BC families are due to genes in which pathogenic variants are both very rare and convey only low to moderate risk.
Impact of dose-dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic response and survival for HER2-positive breast cancer patients who receive trastuzumab
Authors: Wang Lize , Zhang Yang , He Yingjian , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Xie Yuntao , Fan Zhaoqing , Ouyang Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo compare outcomes in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer who received either dose-dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with trastuzumab or standard-interval chemotherapy with trastuzumab. Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who received NAC, including epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with trastuzumab were included. Patients were divided into either the dose-dense or standard-interval group. We compared pathologic complete remission (pCR), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), event-free survival (EFS), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) between the two groups. Two hundred (49.6%) patients received dose-dense NAC, and 203 (50.4%) received standard-interval NAC. The pCR rate was 38.4% in the dose-dense group and 29.2% in the standard-interval group (P = 0.052). In patients with lymph node (LN) metastases, the LN pCR rate was 70.9% in the dose-dense group and 56.5% in the standard-interval group (P = 0.037). After a median follow-up of 54.6 months, dose-dense chemotherapy presented an improvement on DDFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–1.28, EFS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.24–1.21), and BCSS (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.11–1.51), but the difference was not significant. Compared with standard-interval chemotherapy, dose-dense chemotherapy resulted in a superior 5-year DDFS (100% vs. 75.3%, P = 0.017) and 5-year EFS (96.9% vs. 78.3%, P = 0.022) in patients younger than 40 years. HER2-positive patients can achieve a higher LN pCR rate with dose-dense NAC than with standard-interval NAC with trastuzumab. Better survival may also be achieved with dose-dense chemotherapy with trastuzumab than with standard-interval chemotherapy with trastuzumab among young patients (age ≤ 40 years).
Permutable SOS (symmetry operational similarity)
Authors: Cheong Sang-Wook , Lim Seongjoon , Du Kai , Huang Fei-Ting 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on symmetry consideration, quasi-one-dimensional (1D) objects, relevant to numerous observables or phenomena, can be classified into eight different types. We provide various examples of each 1D type and discuss their symmetry operational similarity (SOS) relationships, which are often permutable. A number of recent experimental observations, including current-induced magnetization in polar or chiral conductors, non-linear Hall effect in polar conductors, spin-polarization of tunneling current to chiral conductors, and ferro-rotational domain imaging with linear gyration are discussed in terms of (permutable) SOS. In addition, based on (permutable) SOS, we predict a large number of new phenomena in low symmetry materials that can be experimentally verified in the future.
Quantitative model of eukaryotic Cdk control through the Forkhead CONTROLLER
Authors: Barberis Matteo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn budding yeast, synchronization of waves of mitotic cyclins that activate the Cdk1 kinase occur through Forkhead transcription factors. These molecules act as controllers of their sequential order and may account for the separation in time of incompatible processes. Here, a Forkhead-mediated design principle underlying the quantitative model of Cdk control is proposed for budding yeast. This design rationalizes timing of cell division, through progressive and coordinated cyclin/Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of Forkhead, and autonomous cyclin/Cdk oscillations. A “clock unit” incorporating this design that regulates timing of cell division is proposed for both yeast and mammals, and has a DRIVER operating the incompatible processes that is instructed by multiple CLOCKS. TIMERS determine whether the clocks are active, whereas CONTROLLERS determine how quickly the clocks shall function depending on external MODULATORS. This “clock unit” may coordinate temporal waves of cyclin/Cdk concentration/activity in the eukaryotic cell cycle making the driver operate the incompatible processes, at separate times.
An open tool for creating battery-electric vehicle time series from empirical data, emobpy
Authors: Gaete-Morales Carlos , Kramer Hendrik , Schill Wolf-Peter , Zerrahn Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is substantial research interest in how future fleets of battery-electric vehicles will interact with the power sector. Various types of energy models are used for respective analyses. They depend on meaningful input parameters, in particular time series of vehicle mobility, driving electricity consumption, grid availability, or grid electricity demand. As the availability of such data is highly limited, we introduce the open-source tool emobpy. Based on mobility statistics, physical properties of battery-electric vehicles, and other customizable assumptions, it derives time series data that can readily be used in a wide range of model applications. For an illustration, we create and characterize 200 vehicle profiles for Germany. Depending on the hour of the day, a fleet of one million vehicles has a median grid availability between 5 and 7 gigawatts, as vehicles are parking most of the time. Four exemplary grid electricity demand time series illustrate the smoothing effect of balanced charging strategies.
Environmental and diagenetic controls on the morphology and calcification of the Ediacaran metazoan Cloudina
Authors: Shore Amy , Wood Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCloudina is a globally distributed Ediacaran metazoan, with a tubular, funnel-in-funnel form built of thin laminae (ca. 1–10 μm). To what degree local environmental controlled morphology, and whether early diagenesis controlled the degree of calcification of Cloudina, is debated. Here we test these hypotheses by considering assemblages from four, coeval localities from the Upper Omkyk Member, Nama Group, Namibia, from inner ramp to mid-ramp reef across the Zaris Subbasin. We show that sinuosity of the Cloudina tube is variable between sites, as is the relative thickness of the tube wall, suggesting these features were environmentally controlled. Walls are thickest in high-energy reef settings, and thinnest in the low-energy, inner ramp. While local diagenesis controls preservation, all diagenetic expressions are consistent with the presence of weakly calcified, organic-rich laminae, and lamina thicknesses are broadly constant. Finally, internal ‘cements’ within Cloudina are found in all sites, and pre-date skeletal breakage, transport, as well as syn-sedimentary botryoidal cement precipitation. Best preservation shows these to be formed by fine, pseudomorphed aragonitic acicular crystals. Sr concentrations and Mg/Ca show no statistically significant differences between internal Cloudina cements and botryoidal cements, but we infer all internal cements to have precipitated when Cloudina was still in-situ and added considerable mechanical strength, but may have formed post-mortem or in abandoned parts of the skeleton.