bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development levels of pediatric palliative care teams and the extent of palliative care understanding and implementation among pediatric oncologists in China
Authors: Cai Siyu , Guo Qiaohong , Wang Xianjing , Wang Ruixin , Yang Peiyi , Zhou Yuchen , Luo Yanhui , Zhou Xuan , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTImportancePediatric palliative care (PPC) is an interdisciplinary collaboration that focuses on the prevention and relief of patient suffering. PPC has emerged as a critical field of medical expertise and practice. However, no information is available regarding the progress of PPC in the Chinese mainland.ObjectiveThis study investigated the geographic distribution, team structure, and services of PPC teams in the Chinese mainland. It also investigated the level of understanding and implementation among pediatric oncologists regarding PPC.MethodsThe PPC subspecialty group of the Pediatrics Society of the Chinese Medical Association included 45 PPC teams. The team structure and services were investigated using questionnaires mailed to the team leader of each PPC team. In addition, we sent questionnaires regarding the level of PPC understanding and implementation of PPC practices to 170 pediatric oncologists in 11 hospitals.ResultsThe geographical distribution of PPC teams is uneven in China. Most PPC teams are concentrated in the eastern provincial capital of China. Most PPC teams had limited staff and services. The level of PPC understanding was considerably limited across all demographics; most pediatric oncologists reported “some understanding” (n = 71, 41.8%) or “poor understanding” (n = 50, 29.4%). Only 62.9% of pediatric oncologists had experience providing advice to family members regarding PPC matters.InterpretationChina is currently experiencing a critical shortage of PPC resources. Most pediatric oncologists had a limited understanding of PPC and reported limited practical implementation of PPC, which leads to underutilization of PPC resources.
Psychometric properties of the LifeSkills Training middle school health survey
Authors: Lipien Lodi , Ismajli Flandra , Rigg Khary K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLifeSkills Training (LST) is a popular drug prevention program shown to be effective at preventing youth substance use. The Middle School Health Survey (MSHS) is a questionnaire that was created by the developers of the LST curriculum to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes about drugs and life skills among youth. Despite the widespread use of the MSHS, the measurement quality of the instrument is largely unknown because no prior research has evaluated its psychometric properties. This study evaluated the reliability of scores and factor structure of the MSHS, which was administered to 986 students (Grades 6–8) before the implementation of the LST curriculum. Results indicate that one of the subscales had poor internal consistency reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha, which is likely due to restricted variability in item responses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures indicated that a three‐ or four‐factor solution fit the data; however, fewer than half of the items had loadings above the acceptable threshold, indicating that the MSHS requires modification to meet acceptable standards of measurement quality. This paper fills a void in the literature and informs if and which modifications to the MSHS might be necessary.
Registration of ‘CP 12‐1753’ sugarcane
Authors: Sood Sushma , Momotaz Aliya , Davidson R. Wayne , Islam Md S. , Sandhu Hardev , Zhao Duli , Baltazar Miguel , Gordon Vanessa S. , McCord Per , Arbelo Coto Orlando 
Published: September 2021

Abstract‘CP 12‐1753’ (Reg. no. CV‐203, PI 698657) sugarcane (complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) cultivar was developed through a cooperative research between USDA‐ARS, the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and the University of Florida. It was derived from a polycross made at Canal Point, FL, on 8 Dec. 2010 between a female parent CP 08‐2409 and several male parents. CP 12‐1753 had 11 harvests in Stage 4: plant cane and first ratoon at four locations and second ratoon at three locations. Harvest data showed that CP 12‐1753 had significantly (P ≤ .05) higher cane yield and economic index than the reference cultivars ‘CL 88‐4730’ and ‘CPCL 97‐2730’, respectively, but had significantly lower cane yield in plant cane and lower economic index than the reference cultivar ‘CP 96‐1252’. Freeze tolerance of CP 12‐1753 was lower than the reference cultivars. CP 12‐1753 possesses Bru1, a major gene for brown rust resistance, and showed resistance to brown rust. At the time of release, it was resistant to orange rust, mosaic, and smut. It was moderately resistant to leaf scald and ratoon stunting disease. Considering the agronomic, yield, and disease traits, CP 12‐1753 was released by the Florida Sugarcane Variety Committee in June 2020 to growers for commercial use on mineral (sand) soils.
Resonant soft X‐ray scattering in polymer science
Authors: Collins Brian A. , Gann Eliot 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResonant soft X‐ray scattering (RSoXS) is an emerging, powerful technique to probe the nano‐to‐mesoscale structure of polymers and other molecules. It joins together small‐angle X‐ray scattering (a statistical nanoprobe) with X‐ray spectroscopy that brings with it unique chemical and bond‐orientation sensitivity. Through over a decade of discovery and development, RSoXS is moving from a niche technique applied to organic electronic thin films to a mature tool applicable to a plethora of polymeric and molecular systems, encompassing new modalities, analyses, and simulation methods. This development promises to deliver increasingly quantitative answers to challenging questions in polymer science as well as expand its usefulness to complementary fields. This review presents a full synopsis of the technique, including background on the theoretical underpinnings, measurement best practices, and examples of recent RSoXS applications and discoveries provided here to accelerate the transition to a broader range of soft matter and polymeric fields.
Manual external chest compression reverses respiratory failure in children with severe air trapping
Authors: Brooks Rebecca , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Glicksman Charlotte , Eisenstein Eli M. , Shoseyov David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report manual external chest compression (MECC) as an effective treatment for acute respiratory failure due to severe air trapping. In this retrospective study, we describe our experience with MECC administered to five children suffering from severe air trapping as a consequence of severe asthma or bronchiolitis. These children were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with clinical and blood gases parameters compatible with acute respiratory failure. Before intubation MECC was performed. The results of blood gasses before, during, and after MECC showed gradual changes in PCO2 over time indicating the improvement in tidal volume and ventilation. Respiratory failure resolved in all five children within 4 h with no complications. The need for intubation and mechanical ventilation was avoided, and all children were discharged from the PICU within 48 h.
A deep learning framework for lightning forecasting with multi‐source spatiotemporal data
Authors: Geng Yangli‐ao , Li Qingyong , Lin Tianyang , Yao Wen , Xu Liangtao , Zheng Dong , Zhou Xinyuan , Zheng Liming , Lyu Weitao , Zhang Yijun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeather forecasting requires comprehensive analysis of a variety of meteorological data. Recent decades have witnessed the advance of weather observation and simulation technologies, triggering an explosion of meteorological data which are collected from multiple sources (e.g., radar, automatic stations and numerical weather prediction) and usually characterized by a spatiotemporal (ST) structure. As a result, the adequate exploition of these multi‐source ST data emerges as a promising but challenging topic for weather forecasting. To address this issue, we propose a data‐driven forecasting framework (referred to as LightNet+) based on deep neural networks using a lightning scenario. Our framework design enables LightNet+ to make forecasts by mining complementary information distributed across multiple data sources, which may be heterogeneous in spatial (continuous versus discrete) and temporal (observations from the past versus simulation of the future) domains. We evaluate LightNet+ using a real‐world weather dataset in North China. The experimental results demonstrate: (a) LightNet+ produces significantly better forecasts than three established lightning schemes, and (b) the more data sources are fed into LightNet+, the higher forecasting quality it achieves.
Analyzing relevance vector machines using a single penalty approach
Authors: Dixit Anand , Roy Vivekananda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRelevance vector machine (RVM) is a popular sparse Bayesian learning model typically used for prediction. Recently it has been shown that improper priors assumed on multiple penalty parameters in RVM may lead to an improper posterior. Currently in the literature, the sufficient conditions for posterior propriety of RVM do not allow improper priors over the multiple penalty parameters. In this article, we propose a single penalty relevance vector machine (SPRVM) model in which multiple penalty parameters are replaced by a single penalty and we consider a semi‐Bayesian approach for fitting the SPRVM. The necessary and sufficient conditions for posterior propriety of SPRVM are more liberal than those of RVM and allow for several improper priors over the penalty parameter. Additionally, we also prove the geometric ergodicity of the Gibbs sampler used to analyze the SPRVM model and hence can estimate the asymptotic standard errors associated with the Monte Carlo estimate of the means of the posterior predictive distribution. Such a Monte Carlo standard error cannot be computed in the case of RVM, since the rate of convergence of the Gibbs sampler used to analyze RVM is not known. The predictive performance of RVM and SPRVM is compared by analyzing two simulation examples and three real life datasets.
Low Power Multiplication/Division Computing Unit forIOTApplications
Authors: Ellaithy Dina M. 
Published: September 2021

Internet of things (IOT) makes limitation on power consumption for sensors and portable devices. Thus exact computation for multiplication and division processes are not allowed due to the huge amount of power consumption. To address these limitations, a low power multiplication/division computing unit is proposed. This approach is based on transforming the complex and power‐hungry multiplication and division operations to a simple addition and subtraction process. Then, the efficient piecewise uniform approximation logarithmic and antilogarithmic converters are utilized to complete the computation process. Synthesis of the proposed computing unit using 90 nm CMOS technology, 1.0 V supply voltage standard cell library with ‘typical corner’ operating condition, reveal that significant power dissipation savings are possible at no performance penalty, when compared with approximate computing approach. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Food‐productive green infrastructure: Enabling agroecological transitions from an urban design perspective
Authors: Bohn Katrin , Chu Dong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrom an urban and landscape perspective, it is high time to design, plan, and build complex relationships between the urban, suburban, rural spheres in order to enable metabolic loops around food and make them compatible with environmentally sound agricultural production and socially sound urban food economies. To achieve this, we contend that it will be of ecological, economic, and social advantage for cities, towns, and countryside if existing green infrastructure (GI) concepts embraced the food subject. Green infrastructure, if food productive, can enhance nature‐based solutions and be the spatial enabler of agroecological processes. Selecting the spatial landscape typology of the greenway as our example, we propose a design research pathway to explore the suitability of a ‘food‐productive greenway’—theoretically based on the design concept of ‘Continuous Productive Urban Landscape’ (CPUL)—which expands the ecological capacity of traditional GI by reorienting it toward food production and urban food system activities. We discuss this new hybrid infrastructure looking at three major space‐planning functions—ecology, economy, and social impact—with a focus on landscape ecology. In the form of a 10‐step plan, we include recommendations for urban planners and designers of how to consider food‐productive GI as key toward an urgently needed, livable postcarbon city.
Slope and aspect controls on soil climate: Field documentation and implications for large‐scale simulation of critical zone processes
Authors: Seyfried Mark , Flerchinger Gerald , Bryden Sage , Link Tim , Marks Danny , McNamara Jim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoil climate, as quantified by soil temperature (TS) and water content (θ), exerts important controls on critical zone processes. It may be sensitive to variations in local slope and aspect (SA), but this attribute remains poorly quantified at the local scale and unresolved in large‐scale models. Estimation of SA effects on soil climate across multiple scales may facilitated using topographically modified, incoming clear‐sky solar radiation (SR,CS,T). We established six paired automated soil climate monitoring stations on opposing north‐facing (NF) and south‐facing (SF) slopes (4 yr) and collected spatialTSand θ data within the hectare surrounding four stations (2 yr) to measure SA effects on soil climate. Results were compared with physically based simulations and evaluated in the context ofSR,CS,T. Spatial θ data were more variable thanTs, and both were consistent with values from continuous monitoring stations. On average, the SFTSwas much greater (4.7 °C) and the annual summer drought longer (36 d) than on the adjacent NF aspect. Seasonal variations ofTSand θ were different from each other and also different fromSR,CS,T. Local conditions, including snow cover, precipitation patterns, and soil properties, largely controlled seasonal variations ofTSand θ, which cannot be predicted fromSR,CS,T. This indicates that realistic simulation of many critical zone processes requires high‐resolution inputs. Simulations captured first‐order SA effects and could be useful for estimating SA effects in lieu of field monitoring.
Green infrastructure: The future of urban flood risk management?
Authors: Green Daniel , O'Donnell Emily , Johnson Matthew , Slater Louise , Thorne Colin , Zheng Shan , Stirling Ross , Chan Faith K. S. , Li Lei , Boothroyd Richard J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUrban flooding is a key global challenge which is expected to become exacerbated under global change due to more intense rainfall and flashier runoff regimes over increasingly urban landscapes. Consequently, many cities are rethinking their approach to flood risk management by using green infrastructure (GI) solutions to reverse the legacy of hard engineering flood management approaches. The aim of GI is to attenuate, restore, and recreate a more natural flood response, bringing hydrological responses closer to pre‐urbanized conditions. However, GI effectiveness is often difficult to determine, and depends on both the magnitude of storm events and the spatial scale of GI infrastructure. Monitoring of the successes and failures of GI schemes is not routinely conducted. Thus, it can be difficult to determine whether GI provides a sustainable solution to manage urban flooding. This article provides an international perspective on the current use of GI for urban flood mitigation and the solutions it offers in light of current and future challenges. An increasing body of literature further suggests that GI can be optimized alongside gray infrastructure to provide a holistic solution that delivers multiple co‐benefits to the environment and society, while increasing flood resilience. GI will have to work synergistically with existing and upgraded gray infrastructure if urban flood risk is to be managed in a futureproof manner. Here, we discuss a series of priorities and challenges that must be overcome to enable integration of GI into existing stormwater management frameworks that effectively manage flood risk.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Alternative polyadenylation: An enigma of transcript length variation in health and disease
Authors: Mohanan Neeraja K. , Shaji Feba , Koshre Ganesh R. , Laishram Rakesh S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlternative polyadenylation (APA) is a molecular mechanism during a pre‐mRNA processing that involves usage of more than one polyadenylation site (PA‐site) generating transcripts of varying length from a single gene. The location of a PA‐site affects transcript length and coding potential of an mRNA contributing to both mRNA and protein diversification. This variation in the transcript length affects mRNA stability and translation, mRNA subcellular and tissue localization, and protein function. APA is now considered as an important regulatory mechanism in the pathophysiology of human diseases. An important consequence of the changes in the length of 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) from disease‐induced APA is altered protein expression. Yet, the relationship between 3′‐UTR length and protein expression remains a paradox in a majority of diseases. Here, we review occurrence of APA, mechanism of PA‐site selection, and consequences of transcript length variation in different diseases. Emerging evidence reveals coordinated involvement of core RNA processing factors including poly(A) polymerases in the PA‐site selection in diseases‐associated APAs. Targeting such APA regulators will be therapeutically significant in combating drug resistance in cancer and other complex diseases.This article is categorized under:RNA Processing > 3′ End ProcessingRNA in Disease and Development > RNA in DiseaseTranslation > Regulation
The Multiple Potentials of Urban Brownfields
Authors: Rey Emmanuel , Laprise Martine , Lufkin Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of urban brownfields is significant throughout European metropolitan areas. In this chapter, we assess, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, the inherent potential of urban brownfields to provide a relevant and substantial densification strategy for metropolitan areas. First, we explore the various opportunities for improvement of the built environment offered by urban brownfields in terms of environment, society, and economics, which are the core principles of sustainable development. This analysis is, inter alia, a juxtaposition between urban brownfields and the compact and polycentric city model, adapted to the metropolitan area. While brownfield regeneration appears to be a relevant densification strategy, it nevertheless implies that a sufficient reserve of land is available to engage policymakers. Thus, we attempt to estimate the urban brownfield stock in three countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and France. The data subsequently serves as a basis for our calculation of the theoretical construction potential of brownfield sites.
Sustainability Monitoring: Principles, Challenges, and Approaches
Authors: Rey Emmanuel , Laprise Martine , Lufkin Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBecause of the inherent complexity of urban brownfield regeneration projects, achieving sustainability objectives is not easy. It requires approaches adapted to the specificities of this type of operation, that allow for structured and regular follow-up, and that are integrated into the project dynamics. In this chapter, we argue that sustainability monitoring can help address this challenge. We start by defining the principles of sustainability evaluation and monitoring. Then, we look deeper at the challenges of an operational monitoring tool from the brownfield regeneration perspective. On this basis, we plead for the necessity of tailor-made operational monitoring tools for this type of operation and define, to this end, three general requirements for said tools. Finally, we make a critical analysis of existing certifications at the neighbourhood scale and different approaches developed for brownfield regeneration projects.
An Operational Monitoring Tool
Authors: Rey Emmanuel , Laprise Martine , Lufkin Sophie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe transition from an urban brownfield to a sustainable neighbourhood is a complex operation. To help decision-makers reach sustainability objectives through measurement, follow-up, and communication about performance indicators, we introduce in this chapter a tailor-made operational monitoring tool. Such a tool should satisfy three general requirements: a search for overall quality, adequacy with the specificities of urban brownfield regeneration projects, and integration into the project dynamics. Accordingly, the multi-criteria evaluation system SIPRIUS and the quality management monitoring software OKpilot are hybridized to create SIPRIUS+. In the first section, we explain the functioning of the two existing methodologies and the adaptions we made to help meet the general requirements and to create the hybrid tool. Then, we present the resulting monitoring tool, SIPRIUS+, and its functionalities.
Bulk reconstruction and Bogoliubov transformations in AdS2
Authors: Dey Parijat , Kajuri Nirmalya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the bulk reconstruction program, one constructs boundary representations of bulk fields. We investigate the relation between the global/Poincare and AdS-Rindler representations for AdS2. We obtain the AdS-Rindler smearing function for massive and massless fields and show that the global and AdS-Rindler boundary representations are related by conformal transformations. We also use the boundary representations of creation and annihilation operators to compute the Bogoliubov transformation relating global modes to AdS-Rindler modes for both massive and massless particles.
Color confinement at the boundary of the conformally compactified AdS5
Authors: Kirchbach M. , Popov T. , Vallejo J. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The topology of closed manifolds forces interacting charges to appear in pairs. We take advantage of this property in the setting of the conformal boundary of AdS5 spacetime, topologically equivalent to the closed manifold S1× S3, by considering the coupling of two massless opposite charges on it. Taking the interaction potential as the analog of Coulomb interaction (derived from a fundamental solution of the S3 Laplace-Beltrami operator), a conformal S1× S3 metric deformation is proposed, such that free motion on the deformed metric is equivalent to motion on the round metric in the presence of the interaction potential. We give explicit expressions for the generators of the conformal algebra in the representation induced by the metric deformation.By identifying the charge as the color degree of freedom in QCD, and the two charges system as a quark-anti-quark system, we argue that the associated conformal wave operator equation could provide a realistic quantum mechanical description of the simplest QCD system, the mesons.Finally, we discuss the possibility of employing the compactification radius, R, as an- other scale along ΛQCD, by means of which, upon reparametrizing Q2c2 as (Q2c2+ħ2c2/R2), a perturbative treatment of processes in the infrared could be approached.