bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and simulation of a novel dual current mirror based CMOS‐MEMS integrated pressure sensor
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Ropmay Gaddiella Diengdoh , Rathore Pradeep Kumar , Rangababu Peesapati , Akhtar Jamil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel dual current mirror based CMOS circuit for design and development of highly sensitive CMOS‐MEMS integrated pressure sensors. The proposed pressure sensing structure has been designed using piezoresistive effect in MOSFETs and 5 μm standard CMOS technology parameters. The proposed structure includes six p‐ and n‐channel MOSFETs and two square silicon diaphragms. MOSFETs MP1 and MN1 are the reference transistors and are placed on the substrate. The pressure sensing MOSFETs MP2 and MP3 are integrated at the mid of fixed edge and at the centre of the diaphragm‐1 to sense the maximum tensile and compressive stress developed due to applied pressure. Similarly, the pressure sensing MOSFETs MN2 and MN3 are embedded at the mid of fixed edge and at the centre of the diaphragm‐2. COMSOL Multiphysics and LTspice softwares are used for the design and simulation of proposed sensor. The sensitivity of proposed sensor is found to be approximately 7.7 mV/kPa for an input pressure ranging from 0–200 kPa. The output voltage of the sensor has a temperature sensitivity of approximately −0.2 mV/°C for an operating temperature ranging from −50 to 100 °C at 200 kPa. This CMOS circuit may be an alternative to traditional Wheatstone bridge circuits in future.
The radial structure of planetary bodies formed by the streaming instability
Authors: Visser R. G. , Drążkowska J. , Dominik C. 
Published: February 2021

Comets and small planetesimals are believed to contain primordial building blocks in the form of millimeter to centimeter sized pebbles. One of the viable growing mechanisms to form these small bodies is through the streaming instability (SI) in which pebbles cluster and gravitationally collapse toward a planetesimal or comet in the presence of gas drag. However, most SI simulations are global and lack the resolution to follow the final collapse stage of a pebble cloud within its Hill radius. We aim to track the collapse of a gravitationally bound pebble cloud subject to mutual collisions and gas drag with the representative particle approach. We determine the radial pebble size distribution of the collapsed core and the impact of mutual pebble collisions on the pebble size distribution. We find that virial equilibrium is never reached during the cloud evolution and that, in general, pebbles with a given Stokes number (St) collapse toward an optically thick core in a sequence from aerodynamically largest (St ~ 0.1) to aerodynamically smallest (St ~ 2 × 10−3). We show that at the location where the core becomes optically thick, the terminal velocity vt,* ~ 60 m s−1St2 is well below the fragmentation threshold velocity. While collisional processing is negligible during cloud evolution, the collisions that do occur are sticking. These results support the observations that comets and small planetary bodies are composed of primordial pebbles in the millimeter to centimeter size range.
Over-expansion of a coronal mass ejection generates sub-Alfvénic plasma conditions in the solar wind at Earth
Authors: Chané E. , Schmieder B. , Dasso S. , Verbeke C. , Grison B. , Démoulin P. , Poedts S. 
Published: February 2021

Context.From May 24–25, 2002, four spacecraft located in the solar wind at about 1 astronomical unit (au) measured plasma densities one to two orders of magnitude lower than usual. The density was so low that the flow became sub-Alfvénic for four hours, and the Alfvén Mach number was as low as 0.4. Consequently, the Earth lost its bow shock, and two long Alfvén wings were generated.Aims.This is one of the lowest density events ever recorded in the solar wind at 1 au, and the least documented one. Our goal is to understand what caused the very low density.Methods.Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) and in situ data were used to identify whether something unusual occurred that could have generated such low densitiesResults.The very low density was recorded inside a large interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME), which displayed a long, linearly declining velocity profile, typical of expanding ICMEs. We deduce a normalised radial expansion rate of 1.6. Such a strong expansion, occurring over a long period of time, implies a radial size expansion growing with the distance from the Sun to the power 1.6. This can explain a two-orders-of-magnitude drop in plasma density. Data from LASCO and the Advanced Composition Explorer show that this over-expanding ICME was travelling in the wake of a previous ICME.Conclusions.The very low densities measured in the solar wind in May 2002 were caused by the over-expansion of a large ICME. This over-expansion was made possible because the ICME was travelling in a low-density and high-velocity environment present in the wake of another ICME coming from a nearby region on the Sun and ejected only three hours previously. Such conditions are very unusual, which explains why such very low densities are almost never observed.
Evolution and motions of magnetic fragments during the active region formation and decay: A statistical study
Authors: Švanda Michal , Sobotka Michal , Mravcová Lucia , Výbošťoková Tatiana 
Published: February 2021

Context. The evolution of solar active regions is still not fully understood. The growth and decay of active regions have mostly been studied in case-by-case studies.
Aims. Instead of studying the evolution of active regions case by case, we performed a large-scale statistical study to find indications for the statistically most frequent scenario.
Methods. We studied a large sample of active regions recorded by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument. The sample was split into two groups: forming (367 members) and decaying (679 members) active regions. We tracked individual dark features (i.e. those that are assumed to be intensity counterparts of magnetised fragments from small objects to proper sunspots) and followed their evolution. We investigated the statistically most often locations of fragment merging and splitting as well as their properties.
Results. Our results confirm that statistically, sunspots form by merging events of smaller fragments. The coalescence process is driven by turbulent diffusion in a process similar to random-walk, where supergranular flows seem to play an important role. The number of appearing fragments does not seem to significantly correlate with the number of sunspots formed. The formation seems to be consistent with the magnetic field accumulation. Statistically, the merging occurs most often between a large and a much smaller object. The decay of the active region seems to take place preferably by a process similar to the erosion.
Iodine allergy: Common misperceptions
Authors: Wulf Nicole R , Schmitz John , Choi Amy , Kapusnik-Uner Joan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe current evidence regarding iodine-containing compounds and iodine allergy cross-reactivity is reviewed.SummaryIodine is an essential human nutrient found in the thyroid gland. It is used in the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyroxine. Patients who report having adverse reactions to iodine-containing substances are often labelled as having an “iodine allergy,” which can result in delays in care or patients being denied essential iodinated contrast media (ICM) or other iodine-containing drugs. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the evidence regarding iodine allergy and iodine-containing drugs. Of 435 articles considered potentially appropriate for full review (plus 12 additional articles included on the basis of references from the eligible articles), 113 could not be obtained. After exclusion of 353 articles that did not meet all inclusion criteria, the remaining 81 articles were included in the review. The results of the literature review indicated that iodine has not been shown to be the allergen responsible for allergic reactions to iodinated contrast media, amiodarone, povidone-iodine, and other iodine-containing compounds.ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence to support cross-reactivity between iodine-containing compounds in so called iodine-allergic individuals.
Direct deuteration of hinokitiol and its mechanistic study
Authors: Sakakibara Yoshimichi , Osada Kota , Uraki Yasumitsu , Ubukata Makoto , Shigetomi Kengo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Hinokitiol has a broad antibacterial activity against bacteria and fungi. While its biosynthetic pathway has been intensively studied, its dynamics in natural environments, such as biodegradation pathway, remain unclear. In this study, the authors report a direct deuterium labeling of hinokitiol as a traceable molecular probe to serve those studies. Hinokitiol was subjected to the H2-Pd/C-D2O conditions and deuterated hinokitiol was obtained with excellent deuteration efficiencies and in moderate yield. The 1H and 2H NMR spectra indicated that all ring- and aliphatic hydrogens except that on C-6 were substituted by deuterium. According to the substrate scope and computational chemistry, deuteration on tropolone ring was suggested to proceed via D+-mediated process, and which was supported by the results of the experiment with trifluoroacetic acid and Pd(TPP)4. On the other hand, the deuteration on aliphatic group was predicted to be catalyzed by Pd(II) species.
Elucidation of the mechanism of action of pinitol against pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in an animal model of aortic stenosis
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Zhu Yuanyuan , L V Xiaoyan , Feng Zhanbin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The long-term imposition of pressure overload on the cardiac tissue causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cardiac fibrosis. Pinitol has been reported to possess antioxidant potential. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of pinitol against pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the aortic stenosis (AS) rat model. Cardiac hypertrophy was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by abdominal aortic constriction and treated with lisinopril (15 mg/kg) or pinitol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Pressure overload–induced alterations in hemodynamic and left ventricular function tests, cardiac SOD, GSH, MDA, NO, Na-K-ATPase, and mitochondrial complex enzyme levels were significantly attenuated by pinitol. The upregulated mRNA expressions of cardiac ANP, BNP, cTn-I, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, Caspase-3, collagen-I, and cardiac apoptosis were markedly downregulated by pinitol. In conclusion, pinitol ameliorated pressure overload–induced LVH and fibrosis via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic potential in experimental AS.
Tobacco rattle virus–induced gene silencing in Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Li Hui-Liang , Guo Dong , Wang Ying , Zhu Jia-Hong , Qu Long , Peng Shi-Qing 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful gene-silencing tool that has been intensively applied in plants. To data, the application of VIGS in rubber tree has not yet been reported. In this study, we described the efficient gene silencing in rubber tree by VIGS. The gene encoding Hevea brasiliensis phytoene desaturase (HbPDS) was identified in rubber tree genome. Small interfering RNAs from HbPDS and the silencing gene fragment were predicted and a length of 399 bp was selected to be tested. We showed that the tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-VIGS could induce effective HbPDS silencing in rubber tree. This study was the first to report VIGS in rubber tree. The present TRV-VIGS method could be used to perform reverse genetic approaches to identify unknown gene functions and might be further applied to produce gene silenced rubber tree plants, to advance functional gene of rubber tree.
Comparative analysis using the draft genome sequence of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) for exploring the candidate genes involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Hirakawa Hideki , Hori Kentaro , Minakuchi Yohei , Toyoda Atsushi , Shitan Nobukazu , Sato Fumihiko 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Genome characterization of California poppy (Eschscholzia californica cv. “Hitoezaki”), which produces pharmaceutically important benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), was carried out using the draft genome sequence. The numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were close to those of the other plant species tested, whereas the frequency of repetitive sequences was distinct from those species. Comparison of the predicted genes with those of Amborella trichopoda, Nelumbo nucifera, Solanum lycopersicum, and Arabidopsis thaliana, and analyses of gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway indicated that the enzyme genes involved in BIA biosynthesis were highly enriched in the California poppy genome. Further comparative analysis using the genome information of Papaver somniferum and Aquilegia coerulea, both BIA-producing plants, revealed that many genes encoding BIA biosynthetic enzymes, transcription factors, transporters, and candidate proteins, possibly related to BIA biosynthesis, were specifically distributed in these plant species.
Survival analysis on rare events using group-regularized multi-response Cox regression
Authors: Li Ruilin , Tanigawa Yosuke , Justesen Johanne M , Taylor Jonathan , Hastie Trevor , Tibshirani Robert , Rivas Manuel A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivationThe prediction performance of Cox proportional hazard model suffers when there are only few uncensored events in the training data.ResultsWe propose a Sparse-Group regularized Cox regression method to improve the prediction performance of large-scale and high-dimensional survival data with few observed events. Our approach is applicable when there is one or more other survival responses that 1. has a large number of observed events; 2. share a common set of associated predictors with the rare event response. This scenario is common in the UK Biobank dataset where records for a large number of common and less prevalent diseases of the same set of individuals are available. By analyzing these responses together, we hope to achieve higher prediction performance than when they are analyzed individually. To make this approach practical for large-scale data, we developed an accelerated proximal gradient optimization algorithm as well as a screening procedure inspired by Qian et al.Availabilityandimplementationhttps://github.com/rivas-lab/multisnpnet-Cox
Comparative phylogeography of bromeliad species: effects of historical processes and mating system on genetic diversity and structure
Authors: Neri Jordana , Wendt Tânia , Palma-Silva Clarisse 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA fundamental challenge in population genetics is to understand the role of ecological and historical processes in shaping genetic diversity patterns within and among species. Based on a set of nuclear microsatellite loci, we conducted a comparative study of the genetic diversity and structure of two epiphytic plant species: Vriesea simplex and V. scalaris (Bromeliaceae), endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. The results showed contrasting genetic diversity and structure patterns according to variation in reproductive systems of these species. High genetic diversity, high effective population sizes and low genetic differentiation were observed in the mainly outcrossing V. simplex populations. In contrast, low genetic diversity, low effective population sizes and high genetic differentiation were detected in the mainly selfing V. scalaris populations. Accordingly, the isolation-by-distance indicated stronger population structures in V. scalaris than in V. simplex. Both species showed a similar phylogeographic north-south split across the Atlantic Rainforest, suggesting possible multiple refugia in this biome. Historical climatic changes during the Pleistocene were possible determinants of the genetic diversity and structure of these species in the Atlantic Rainforest. Divergent mating systems (selfing vs. outcrossing), genetic drift and colonization history influenced the genetic diversity and structure of these Neotropical plant species.
Neurological and mental health consequences of COVID-19: potential implications for well-being and labour force
Authors: Meier Irene Beatrix , Vieira Ligo Teixeira Camila , Tarnanas Ioannis , Mirza Fareed , Rajendran Lawrence 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent case studies show that the SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease, COVID-19, is associated with accelerated decline of mental health, in particular, cognition in elderly individuals, but also with neurological and neuropsychiatric illness in young people. Recent studies also show a bidirectional link between COVID-19 and mental health in that people with previous history of psychiatric illness have a higher risk for contracting COVID-19 and that COVID-19 patients display a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Risk factors and the response of the central nervous system to the virus show large overlaps with pathophysiological processes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, delirium, post-operative cognitive dysfunction and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, all characterized by cognitive impairment. These similarities lead to the hypothesis that the neurological symptoms could arise from neuroinflammation and immune cell dysfunction both in the periphery as well as in the central nervous system and the assumption that long-term consequences of COVID-19 may lead to cognitive impairment in the well-being of the patient and thus in today’s workforce, resulting in large loss of productivity. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to neurological protection during treatment and recovery of COVID-19, while cognitive consequences may require monitoring.
The Function of Fear Chemosignals: Preparing for Danger
Authors: Gomes Nuno , Semin Gün R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has been shown that the presence of conspecifics modulates human vigilance strategies as is the case with animal species. Mere presence has been found to reduce vigilance. However, animal research has also shown that chemosignals (e.g., sweat) produced during fear-inducing situations modulate individuals’ threat detection strategies. In the case of humans, little is known about how exposure to conspecifics’ fear chemosignals modulates vigilance and threat detection effectiveness. This study (N = 59) examined how human fear chemosignals affect vigilance strategies and threat avoidance in its receivers. We relied on a paradigm that simulates a “foraging under threat” situation in the lab, integrated with an eye-tracker to examine the attention allocation. Our results showed that the exposure to fear chemosignals (vs. rest chemosignals and a no-sweat condition) while not changing vigilance behavior leads to faster answers to threatening events. In conclusion, fear chemosignals seem to constitute an important warning signal for human beings, possibly leading their receiver to a readiness state that allows faster reactions to threat-related events.
Right ventricular systolic function in severe tricuspid regurgitation: prognostic relevance of longitudinal strain
Authors: Ancona Francesco , Melillo Francesco , Calvo Francesco , Attalla El Halabieh Nadia , Stella Stefano , Capogrosso Cristina , Ingallina Giacomo , Tafciu Elvin , Pascaretta Antonia , Ancona Marco Bruno , De Bonis Michele , Castiglioni Alessandro , Denti Paolo , Montorfano Matteo , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio , Alfieri Ottavio , Agricola Eustachio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to analyse the prognostic implications of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction as detected by strain analysis in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The evaluation of RV systolic function in presence of severe TR is of paramount importance for operative risk stratification; however, it remains challenging, as conventional echocardiographic indexes usually lead to overestimation.

Methods and results
We enrolled 250 consecutive patients with severe TR referred to our centre. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic data and follow-up outcomes were collected. Patients were predominantly female, with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, history of heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Most of them had presented with clinical signs of RV heart failure (RVHF) and advanced New York Heart Association class. The RV strain analysis [both RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) and RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS)] reclassified ∼42–56% of patients with normal RV systolic function according to conventional parameters in patients with impaired RV systolic function. RVFWLS ≤17% (absolute values, AUC: 0.66, P = 0.002) predicted the presence of RVHF [odds ratio (OR) 0.93, P = 0.01]. At follow-up, patients with RVFWLS &gt;14% (absolute values, AUC: 0.70, P = 0.001, sensitivity 72%, specificity 54%) showed a better survival (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Different ranges of RVFWLS have different implications in patients with severe TR, allowing to identify a preclinical and a clinical window, with correlations to RVHF and survival.
Chi-miR-130b-3p regulates Inner Mongolia cashmere goat skin hair follicles in fetuses by targetingWnt family member 10A
Authors: Wu Zhihong , Hai Erhan , Di Zhengyang , Ma Rong , Shang Fangzheng , Wang Min , Liang Lili , Rong Youjun , Pan Jianfeng , Su Rui , Wang Zhiying , Wang Ruijun , Zhang Yanjun , Li Jinquan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of hair follicles (HFs) is dependent on interactions between epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts, which may play an important role in maintaining the structure of HFs during their development and maturation. Wnt family member 10 (WNT10A) is a hub gene during HF development and maturation that may regulate the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and epithelial cells through microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to maintain the structural stability of HFs. In the present study, we confirmed that WNT10A is the target gene of chi-miR-130b-3p by real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We successfully cultured fetal epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts using the tissue block attachment method, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) results showed that chi-miR-130b-3p regulates epithelial cell and dermal fibroblast proliferation by targeting WNT10A.