bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Aslam Saima , Adler Eric , Mekeel Kristin , Little Susan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGoalWe aimed to assess the incidence rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in vaccinated versus unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) at our center.MethodsWe abstracted the following clinical data from our transplant registry from 1/1/2021 to 6/2/2021: demographics, details of COVID‐19 vaccination, incidence of COVID‐19, and related mortality. We calculated incidence of symptomatic COVID‐19 per 1000/person days at risk and incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsAmong 2151 SOTRs, 912 were fully vaccinated, and 1239 were controls (1151 unvaccinated, 88 partially vaccinated). Almost 70% of vaccinated subjects received the mRNA‐1273 vaccine. There were 65 cases of COVID‐19 that occurred during the study period – four occurred among fully vaccinated individuals and 61 among controls (including two in partially vaccinated individuals). Incidence rate for COVID‐19 was 0.065 (95% CI 0.024–0.17) per 1000 person days in vaccinated versus 0.34 (95% CI 0.26–0.44) per 1000/person days in the control group; IRR was 0.19 (95% CI 0.049 −0.503, p < 0.005). There were no COVID‐19 related deaths in the four breakthrough infections and two of 61 (3.3%) among controls.ConclusionWe demonstrate real world clinical effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccination in SOTRs with an almost 80% reduction in the incidence of symptomatic COVID‐19 versus unvaccinated SOTRs during the same time.
Navigating through chemical space and evolutionary time across the Australian continent in plant genus Eremophila
Authors: Gericke Oliver , Fowler Rachael M. , Heskes Allison M. , Bayly Michael J. , Semple Susan J. , Ndi Chi P. , Stærk Dan , Løland Claus J. , Murphy Daniel J. , Buirchell Bevan J. , Møller Birger Lindberg 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYEremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological diversity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally diverse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite diversity in a chemo‐evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state‐of‐the‐art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf samples from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo‐evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution), and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies), augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias
Authors: Bedenice Daniela , Avila Bailey , Paradis Mary Rose 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSpecies‐related differences in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcome of neonatal illness may impact management practices of neonatal intensive care. The study aimed to elucidate similarities between disease manifestations and mortality risks of critically ill (CI) neonatal crias and foals admitted to the same referral center.DesignA comparative, retrospective cohort evaluation of two species (camelid and equine).SettingThe study was conducted in a University hospital.AnimalsTwo hundred and forty‐six CI neonatal crias (January 1999 to May 2016) and 356 neonatal foals (February 2001 to May 2016) under 4‐week‐old were admitted to a university hospital.InterventionAll data are presented descriptively and compared between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses.Measurements and Main ResultsFemale crias (142/246, 57.7%) were significantly overrepresented in comparison to fillies (132/352, 37.5%). Congenital defects and transfer failure of passive immunity were more often observed in neonatal crias, while colic, diarrhea, patent urachus, septic arthritis, and omphalitis were significantly more common in CI foals. Overall survival to discharge (excluding fatal congenital defects) was comparable between crias (174/224; 77.8%) and foals (287/347, 82.1%), while crias (26/48; 54.2%) were more likely than foals (21/60; 35%) to die naturally than undergo euthanasia. Lower respiratory disease and indications for oxygen or IV glucose support increased mortality in the multivariate outcome models of both species. Species‐specific adaptations of pediatric diagnostic criteria for sepsis were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis of patients with complete hematological datasets. However, the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) did not retain statistical significance as an independent outcome predictor.ConclusionsLower respiratory disease and oxygen or glucose dysregulation increased mortality irrespective of species. However, despite species‐specific differences in disease prevalence, the success of intensive care management was comparable.
Experimental Study and Mitigation of Pressure Drop Oscillation Using Active Control
Authors: Jin Qi , Wen John T. , Narayanan Shankar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flow boiling in microchannel evaporators is widely recognized and promising for its compact structure, lower coolant usage, high heat transfer coefficient, ability to provide higher heat fluxes, and better temperature uniformity than single-phase liquid cooling. However, critical heat flux (CHF), local dry-outs, and flow instabilities can be significant roadblocks for practical implementation. Flow instabilities, like pressure drop oscillation, could lead to nonuniform wall temperature distribution, flow reversal, and local dryout, which can be detrimental to system performance. We conducted an experimental study of a vapor compression cycle incorporating a microchannel evaporator to investigate the role of evaporator design and various system parameters on the overall performance. These parameters include the expansion valve setting, the accumulator heat load, and the evaporator heat load. While the evaporator design, the testbed, and system parameters affect the system response in unique ways, flow instability can be explained based on the overall pressure drop occurring in the system and how it varies as a function of these factors. Based on the understanding gained from this experimental study, a dynamic control strategy was developed to stabilize the system facing transient heat loads. The system can successfully address transient evaporator heat loads with feedforward control, which would otherwise lead to pressure drop oscillation. We believe this study can be helpful in further development of active control techniques to achieve multiple objectives of maintaining fixed evaporator temperature, allowing higher cooling rates, avoiding CHF, and suppressing flow instabilities, even in the presence of transient heat loads.
Fatigue Damage Diagnostics of Composites Using Data Fusion and Data Augmentation With Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Dabetwar Shweta , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Dias João Paulo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComposite materials can be modified according to the requirements of applications, and hence, their applications are increasing significantly with time. Due to the complex nature of the aging of composites, it is equally challenging to establish structural health monitoring techniques. One of the most applied non-destructive techniques for this class of materials is using Lamb waves to quantify the damage. Another important advancement in damage detection is the application of deep neural networks. The data-driven methods have proven to be most efficient for damage detection in composites. For both of these advanced methods, the burning question always has been the requirement of data and quality of data. In this paper, these measurements were used to create a framework based on a deep neural network for efficient fault diagnostics. The research question developed for this paper was as follows: Can data fusion techniques used along with data augmentation improve the damage diagnostics using the convolutional neural network? The specific aims developed to answer this research question were: (1) highlighting the importance of data fusion methods, (2) underlining the importance of data augmentation techniques, (3) generalization abilities of the proposed framework, and (4) sensitivity of the size of the dataset. The results obtained through the analysis concluded that the artificial intelligence techniques along with the Lamb wave measurements can efficiently improve the fault diagnostics of complex materials such as composites.
In-Service Reliability Assessment of Turbine Blade Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on a Novel Cumulative Damage Index Model
Authors: Liu He , Sun Jianzhong , Lei Shiying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thermal barrier coating (TBC) has been used widely on turbine blades to provide temperature and oxidation protection. With the turbine inlet temperature continuously increasing, TBCs have become more likely to oxide spallation, leading to premature failure of blade metal substrates. Thus, It is necessary to accurately evaluate the in-service reliability of TBCs for blade life assessment and engine operation safety. Nowadays, it is common to dynamically record aero-engine operating and performance data, called dynamic covariate data, which provides periodic snapshots for obtaining reliability information of engine components. Nevertheless, existing TBC life prediction models that pay adequate attention to dynamic covariate information are rare. This paper focuses on using limited failure samples with associated dynamic covariate data to make in-service reliability assessments of TBCs through a proposed cumulative damage index model. For the demonstration of the proposed approach, an integrated TBC life simulation approach has been introduced, which comprises engine performance, blade thermal, TBC damage, and damage accumulation models. The case study shows that the proposed cumulative damage index model-based method provides more stable and accurate results than the traditional statistical method based on failure-time data.
What Do We Know About Motor Development of Preterm Children Without Major Neurological Damage and Disorder? A Narrative Review
Authors: Madelaine Charline , Benguigui Nicolas , Molina Michèle 
Published: July 2021

This review addresses the question of a possible specificity of motor development of preterm children with no diagnosis of neurological impairment or major cerebral lesion. With that goal, we proceed with a narrative review on the basis of nine studies. All the studies used standardized assessments of motor abilities with a comparison methodology of preterm and full-term groups aged between 3 and 8 years. The review stresses three major findings in the preterm groups as compared with the full-term groups: (a) inferior fine motor abilities; (b) heterogeneity in motor skills; and (c) differences in efficiency of cognitive, perceptual, and mobilization of perceptual motor processes, which do not necessarily result in lower scores in global performances. These findings suggest the need of long-term medical follow-up for all preterm children whether or not they are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorder. Focusing attention on the use of sensory information for motor control in preterm children could also lead to more precise evaluations of motor abilities, which will then provide more detailed parameters for improved learning and rehabilitation programs.
Learning to Teach Again: What Professional Development Approach Matters?
Authors: Deng Anqi , Zhang Tan , Wang Yubing , Chen Ang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Informed by the constructivist learning theory, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of three continuing professional development (CPD) approaches on student learning in a healthful living physical education curriculum. Methods: Physical education teachers (n = 19) received one of the following CPD trainings: (a) Full Training, (b) Expedited Training, or (c) Self-Training. The effect of each CPD method was determined by tracking student learning (N = 3,418) with a two-level linear mixed model. Results: The results showed that Full Training CPD was able to generate the largest knowledge gain in both the Healthy Lifestyles Unit (β = 0.214, p < .001) and Cardio Fitness Club Unit (β = 0.184, p < .01) in comparison with the other two CPD approaches. Discussion: These findings advance our understanding of the role different CPD approaches play in enhancing student learning in the subjects of cardiorespiratory fitness and health lifestyles. Conclusions: The Full-Training CPD appears to benefit student learning the most followed by the Expedited-Training. The Self-Training would yield the least learning achievement.
HARMONY: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a culturally competent systems intervention to prevent and reduce domestic violence among migrant and refugee families in general practice: study protocol
Authors: Taft Angela , Young Felicity , Hegarty Kelsey , Yelland Jane , Mazza Danielle , Boyle Douglas , Norman Richard , Garcia-Moreno Claudia , Nguyen Cattram Duong , Li Xia , Pokharel Bijaya , Allen Molly , Feder Gene 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDomestic violence and abuse (DVA) is prevalent, harmful and more dangerous among diaspora communities because of the difficulty accessing DVA services, language and migration issues. Consequently, migrant/refugee women are common among primary care populations, but evidence for culturally competent DVA primary care practice is negligible. This pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial aims to increase DVA identification and referral (primary outcomes) threefold and safety planning (secondary outcome) among diverse women attending intervention vs comparison primary care clinics. Additionally, the study plans to improve recording of DVA, ethnicity, and conduct process and economic evaluations.Methods and analysisRecruitment of ≤28 primary care clinics in Melbourne, Australia with high migrant/refugee communities. Eligible clinics need ≥1 South Asian general practitioner (GP) and one of two common software programmes to enable aggregated routine data extraction by GrHanite. Intervention staff undertake three DVA training sessions from a GP educator and bilingual DVA advocate/educator. Following training, clinic staff and DVA affected women 18+ will be supported for 12 months by the advocate/educator. Comparison clinics are trained in ethnicity and DVA data entry and offer routine DVA care. Data extraction of DV identification, safety planning and referral from routine GP data in both arms. Adjusted regression analysis by intention-to-treat by staff blinded to arm. Economic evaluation will estimate cost-effectiveness and cost–utility. Process evaluation interviews and analysis with primary care staff and women will be framed by Normalisation Process Theory to maximise understanding of sustainability. Harmony will be the first primary care trial to test a culturally competent model for the care of diverse women experiencing DVA.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval from La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee (HEC18413) and dissemination by policy briefs, journal articles and conference and community presentations.Trial registration numberANZCTR- ACTRN12618001845224; Pre-results.
Diagnostic role of the ‘white test’ with lipidic solution in the early intraoperative identification of open bile ducts for the prevention of bile leakage after liver resection: study protocol for a randomised controlled multicentric superiority trial (BiLe-Trial)
Authors: Cristaudi Alessandra , Tarantino Ignazio , Scheiwiller Andreas , Wiencierz Andrea , Majno-Hurst Pietro , Schmied Bruno M , Metzger Juerg , Hartel Mark , Kremer Michael , Manzini Giulia 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionBile leakage is a frequent complication after liver resection associated with the need of interventional drainage, endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) or reoperation. The intraoperative application of the white test could be a promising strategy to reduce the occurrence of bile leakages. Therefore, we propose to conduct the first multicentric randomised controlled trial with rate of postoperative bile leakage as primary endpoint with and without the white test.Methods and analysisThe Bile-Leakage Trial trial is an investigator-initiated randomised controlled, parallel group, double-blinded, multicentric, superiority trial in four Swiss centres. A total of 210 patients undergoing a resection of at least 2 liver segments will be randomly allocated intraoperatively to either the intervention (identification of open bile ducts with administration of 20–40 mL SMOFlipid5% in the bile tract) or the control group (identification with a white gauze on the liver resection surface).Primary outcome will be the comparison of the postoperative bile leakage rate in both groups within 30 days after liver resection, defined according to the classification of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. Secondary outcomes will be operative and postoperative complication, including severity grade of the bile leakage, rate of ERCP, interventional drainage, morbidity, intensive care unit stay, and mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe cantonal ethics committees of all participating centres and Swissmedic approved the study. SMOFlipid20% consists of a mixture of oils, no side effects resulting from the intraoperative application of 20–40 mL in the biliary tract with consecutive enteral absorption are expected nor are side effects described in the literature. SMOFlipid20% will be diluted intraoperatively with isotonic saline solution to a concentration of 5%. The results of the BiLe-Trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal regardless of the outcome. As this is an investigator-initiated trial, data are property of the sponsor investigator and can be obtained on request.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov, ID:NCT04523701. Registered on 25 August 2020.Swiss National Clinical Trials Portal (SNCTP), ID: SNCTP000004200. Registered on 20 January 2021.Protocol versionV3.2_14-12-2020_clean.pdf
Objective measurement of lung volume recruitment therapy: laboratory and clinical validation
Authors: Naughton Phoebe E , Sheers Nicole , Berlowitz David J , Howard Mark E , McKim Douglas A , Katz Sherri L 
Published: July 2021

Lung volume recruitment manoeuvres are often prescribed to maintain respiratory health in neuromuscular disease. Unfortunately, no current system accurately records delivered dose. This study determined the performance characteristics of a novel, objective, manual lung volume recruitment bag counter (‘the counter’) with bench and healthy volunteer testing, as well as in individuals with neuromuscular disease. We undertook (1) bench test determination of activation threshold, (2) bench and healthy volunteer fidelity testing during simulated patient interface leak and different pressure compressions and (3) comparisons with self-report in individuals with neuromuscular disease. The data are reported as summary statistics, compression counts, percentage of recorded versus delivered compressions and concordance (Cohen’s kappa (K) and absolute agreement).ResultsMinimum counter activation pressure under conditions of zero leak was 1.9±0.4 cm H2O. No difference was observed between the number of repetitions delivered and recorded during high airway pressure condition. Interface leak approximating 25% resulted in underestimation of repetition counts, and once the leak was at 50% or beyond, the counter recorded no activity. Faster sampling frequency collected data with more fidelity. Counter data agreed with diary self-report during community trials (16 participants, 960 participant days, 77% agreement, Cohen’s Κ=0.66 and p<0.001). Disagreement typically favoured more diary reported (18%) than counter (5%) sessions.ConclusionsThe performance characteristics of a new lung volume recruitment counter have been established in both laboratory and community settings. Objective usage and dosage data should accelerate new knowledge development and better translation of lung volume recruitment therapy into policy and practice.
Cardiopulmonary function in adolescent patients with pectus excavatum or carinatum
Authors: Ramadan Salim , Wilde Jim , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Toso Seema , Beghetti Maurice , Vallée Jean-Paul , Corbelli Regula , Barazzone-Argiroffo Constance , Lascombes Pierre , Ruchonnet-Métrailler Isabelle 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC) have generally been considered an aesthetic issue, although there is growing evidence of associated cardiopulmonary function (CPF) impairment, especially in PE patients. The study goal was to determine any correlation between pectus malformations and cardiopulmonary symptoms and function based on systematic assessment of CPF and thoracic measurements, such as Haller Index (HI) and sternal torsion angle (STA).MethodsData from 76 adolescent patients with PE (n=30) or PC (n=46) were retrospectively collected referred between January 2015 and April 2018. CPF measurements and thoracic imaging were performed in all patients. HI and STA correction indexes were measured in all patients.FindingsMedical records from 76 patients (PE n=30; PC n=46) were analysed. Patients were predominantly male (>93.3%), and aged between 13 and 14½ old. PE was associated with airway obstruction, with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s value under the lower limit of normal in 13% of cases (p<0.001). Restrictive syndrome was observed in 23% of cases (p<0.001), with a Z score for total lung capacity under the lower limit of normal. In PC, pulmonary function was not affected. All patients showed slightly decreased values of left and right ejection fraction and cardiac index at rest, although values were within normal range. There were no significant correlations between pulmonary and cardiac functions or between low CPF and thoracic measurements.InterpretationOur results confirm the modest impact of pectus malformations on CPF at rest, without correlation with anamnestic dyspnoea on exertion, nor with chest pain or anatomical measurements. Validation of new correction indexes could be helping characterise these malformations and choose optimal therapeutic management.