bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Modifying Double Continuous Flow Intersections Layout Geometric Features on their Operation
Authors: Khliefat Ibrahim , Deeb Ahmad , Mubarak Mohammad , Naser Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Continuous flow interventions were first introduced as an alternative to improve traffic operations in the intersections with severe congestion caused by heavy left-turn movements.

Objective:
This study quantified the effect of modifying the intersection angles of Double Continuous Flow Intersections (DCFI) on their operational characteristics. Mainly, the effects of changing the intersection angle between the different approaches of the main intersection and the angle of the minor cross-over intersections were investigated.

Methods:
VISSIM software simulation models were used for modifying several design features related to the DCFI and the operational performance was compared between the different simulation scenarios.

Results and Discussion:
Changes to the cross-over intersection angle increase the safety levels by providing better channelization of traffic movements on the minor intersections of the DCFI and reduce the intersection footprint to be used at high-density urban locations. Increasing the cross-over intersection angle and changing the layout geometry have adverse effects on the capacity of the conventional DCFI. This is mainly because of the added curvature in the intersection approaches which reduces the vehicle speeds, therefore reducing the overall capacity of the modified intersection when compared to the conventional DCFI. However, the total footprint for the intersection is reduced for the modified layout geometry, which improves the capacity of the DCFI.

Conclusion:
The study has explored the effects of modifying the DCFI intersection angles to fit the limited space in major urban areas on the capacity and performance of the intersection. It showed that DCFI designs could be applied in areas with limited space availability and skewed intersection angles.
Microwave Radiation Effects on the Acidic Properties of Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts for Methanol Conversion
Authors: Ntelane Tau S. , Tshabalala Themba E. , Masuku Cornelius M. , Scurrell Michael S. 
Published: February 2021

Aim:
To use the microwave radiation as the post-treatment method to tune the acidic
properties of Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst.

Background:
ZSM-5 zeolite is a widely used standard catalyst in the methanol conversion to
olefins and high-octane gasoline range hydrocarbons. However, the coke deposition and the concentration
of acid sites determine its overall catalytic activity. Thus, the concentration of acid sites
more precisely, the number of Brønsted acid sites, is vital in determining the activity of ZSM-5 zeolite
and product distribution in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction.

Objective:
(1) To modify ZSM-5 using an iron solution to form Fe/ZSM-5 via the impregnation
method.

(2) To tune the acidic properties of Fe/ZSM-5 using microwave radiation.

(3) To check and determine the concentration of acidic sites using n-propylamine temperature-programmed
surface reaction.

(4) To check the effect of microwave radiation and acidic properties in the methanol conversion
(product distribution) via methanol temperature-programmed surface reaction.

Methods:
Two sets of zeolites were used, with iron being introduced by ion-exchange from ferric
nitrate (Fe(NO3)3 9H2O, Sigma Aldrich, ≥ 98% metal) solutions. These two series were designated
as Z (0.5FeZ10/0-700) and X (0.5FeX10/0-700) after microwave treatment. The Z and X series possess the
Si/Al framework ratio of 30 and 80, respectively. The TPSR studies were then conducted for characterization
and catalytic tests.

Result:
From the C3H9N-TPSR experiments, it was found that the concentration of Brønsted acid
sites decreased with increasing microwave power level. Both X and Z series exhibited high selectivity
to propene than ethene. Microwave treated catalysts (0.5FeZ10/280 and 0.5FeX10/462) with decreased
concentration of Brønsted acid sites showed the highest propene/ethene ratios of 1.67 and
5.27, respectively.

Conclusions:
From the results obtained, it was found that the amount of methane evolved (as a measure
of coke deposited) and the concentration of Brønsted acid sites decreased with increasing microwave
power level (0-700 Watts). High selectivity to propene was found when using both X series
(0.5FeX10/0-700) and Z series (0.5FeZ10/0-700) as catalysts. After decreasing the concentration of
Brønsted acid using microwave treatment, the highest P/E ratios were observed for 0.5FeX10/280,
0.5FeX10/462, 0.5FeZ10/280 and 0.5FeZ10/462 catalysts.

Other:
It is reasonable to suggest that microwave radiation could be a feasible post-synthesis modification
step to produce ZSM-5 based catalysts that exhibit reduced concentration of Brønsted acid sites, reduced
methane formation, increased catalytic activity and selectivity.
Ultrasound-Promoted Sustainable Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-Aryl Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by BPAE at Room Temperature
Authors: Hiremath Prashant B. , Kamanna Kantharaju 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Present-day chemists are more interested in developing and using green
chemistry protocol for various organic transformations, which employ natural feedstock extracts,
and solvent-free, and greener catalysts; they are well known for their non-hazardous nature and
have replaced many organic and inorganic based catalysts. In literature, the reported homogenous
catalytic approaches have been employed for various bioactive heterocycle syntheses, which follow
the green chemistry principle established for various organic transformations catalyzed by
WERSA, BFE, WEPPA, WEMFSA, WEMPA, and Eichhorniacrassipes. Among them, 2-aryl benzimidazole
derivatives have emerged as prominent molecules with a wide variety of applications in
biological and material science.

Methods:
The agro-waste sourced from the banana peel is utilized for the preparation of BPAE catalyst,
which is employed for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives under ultrasound
waves at room temperature.

Results:
Here, 2-Aryl benzimidazoles synthesized through the reaction of a substituted o-phenylene
diamine with substituted benzoyl chloride catalyzed by BPAE under ultrasound waves at
room temperature are described. Furthermore, catalyst BPAE is characterized by flame emission
spectrometry, SEM-EDX, and XRD techniques.

Conclusion:
The present work established an eco-friendly, sustainable and novel approach for the
synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles using natural feedstock BPAE. The major merits of BPAE include
its use as an agro-waste-derived catalyst. It is also highly abundant, inexpensive, yields faster
reactions, has a simple workup, and does not require the use of column chromatography.
Advanced Technologies in DNA-based Nanomedicine
Authors: Mohammadi Ameneh , Gill Pooria , Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Abediankenari Said , Kashi Zahra 
Published: February 2021

:
The application of nanotechnology in medicine and pharmaceutical purpose suggested a novel procedure in the
nanotechnology terminology as nanomedicine. There is a wide range of applications for nanotechnology in medicine, such
as the use of nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Recently a remarkable attention to DNA has been made through its
amazing functionality and its nature as a nanomaterial in biological systems. Since DNA is a biocompatible, the use of
DNA as a nanomaterial in medicine has shown a great perspective of rational engineering of DNA nanostructures.
According to new approaches in treatment of diseases in gene levels, gene therapy, using DNA as a nanomedicine
possesses an important role in the medical sciences as the researchers published enormous papers and patents in the fields,
for instance, the applications of DNA and DNA-based nanostructures as drug or gene nanocarriers, DNA-based
diagnostics and DNA nanovasccines. Here, some examples of DNA-based nanomedicine in the patent frame were
reviewed.
Respondent Characteristics and Dietary Intake Data Collected Using Web-Based and Traditional Nutrition Surveillance Approaches: Comparison and Usability Study
Authors: Timon Claire M , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert , Gibney Eileen R 
Published: February 2021

Background
There are many constraints to conducting national food consumption surveys for national nutrition surveillance, including cost, time, and participant burden. Validated web-based dietary assessment technologies offer a potential solution to many of these constraints.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using a previously validated, web-based, 24-hour recall dietary assessment tool (Foodbook24) for nutrition surveillance by comparing the demographic characteristics and the quality of dietary intake data collected from a web-based cohort of participants in Ireland to those collected from the most recent Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS).

Methods
Irish adult participants (aged ≥18 years) were recruited to use Foodbook24 (a web-based tool) between March and October 2016. Demographic and dietary intake (assessed by means of 2 nonconsecutive, self-administered, 24-hour recalls) data were collected using Foodbook24. Following the completion of the study, the dietary intake data collected from the web-based study were statistically weighted to represent the age-gender distribution of intakes reported in the NANS (2008-2010) to facilitate the controlled comparison of intake data. The demographic characteristics of the survey respondents were investigated using descriptive statistics. The controlled comparison of weighted mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the Foodbook24 web-based study (329 plausible reporters of a total of 545 reporters) and the mean daily nutrient intake data collected from the NANS (1051 plausible reporters from 1500 reporters) was completed using the Wilcoxon–Mann-Whitney U test in Creme Nutrition software.

Results
Differences between the demographic characteristics of the survey participants across the 2 surveys were observed. Notable differences included a lower proportion of adults aged ≥65 years and a higher proportion of females who participated in the web-based Foodbook24 study relative to the NANS study (P<.001). Similar ranges of mean daily intake for the majority of nutrients and food groups were observed (eg, energy [kilocalorie per day] and carbohydrate [gram per day]), although significant differences for some nutrients (eg, riboflavin [mg/10 MJ], P<.001 and vitamin B12 [µg/10 MJ], P<.001) and food groups were identified. A high proportion of participants (200/425, 47.1%) reported a willingness to continue using Foodbook24 for an additional 6 months.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that by using targeted recruitment strategies in the future to ensure the recruitment of a more representative sample, there is potential for web-based methodologies such as Foodbook24 to be used for nutrition surveillance efforts in Ireland.
On the reconstruction of prehistoric social territories: The La Désirade lithic workshops and the distribution of La Désirade chert (French West Indies)
Authors: Waal Maaike De , Knippenberg Sebastiaan 
Published: February 2021

The widespread presence of raw materials suitable for the production of stone tools on the south-eastern part of La Désirade, a small island east of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), is an interesting feature as these materials cannot be obtained on most of the neighbouring limestone islands. Small amounts of lithic off-site material have been found all over the south-eastern part of La Désirade, indicating that this area was incidentally used for the exploitation of local raw materials for the production of lithic artefacts. Concentrated and repeated activity, related to the exploitation of La Désirade chert, took place at four lithic workshops.
This paper aims to reconstruct social and economic patterns, which may shed a light on prehistoric Amerindian territoriality and mobility, based on the exploitation and distribution of this local raw material. An inventory was made of sites where La Désirade chert was exploited and worked and of sites where this material showed up in the form of worked items.
The La Désirade chert has been found in several prehistoric site assemblages outside La Désirade itself. However, it turns out to have a very restricted distribution, not exceeding 30 km distances from the raw material occurrences. The authors concluded that exploiting these sources may have been embedded in the general procurement strategy of the seafaring communities involved and that the observed distribution may demonstrate the extent of the territory of closely related communities that exploited a similar catchment area.
Potential biomarker detection for liver cancer stem cell by machine learning approach
Authors: Farzane Ali , Akbarzadeh Maryam , Ferdousi Reza , Rashidi Mohammadreza , Safdari Reza 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to identify putative biomarkers for identification and characterization of these cells in liver cancer.
Methods: We employed a supervised machine learning method, XGBoost, to data from 13 GEO data series to classify samples using gene expression data.
Results. Across the 376 samples (129 CSCs and 247 non-CSCs cases), XGBoost displayed high performance in the classification of data. XGBoost feature importance scores and SHAP (Shapley Additive explanation) values were used for the interpretation of results and analysis of individual gene importance. We confirmed that expression levels of a 10-gene set (PTGER3, AURKB, C15orf40, IDI2, OR8D1, NACA2, SERPINB6, L1CAM, SMC1A, and RASGRF1) were predictive. The results showed that these 10 genes can detect CSCs robustly with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 97 %, 100 %, and 95 %, respectively.
Conclusions. We suggest that the ten-gene set may be used as a biomarker set for detecting and characterizing CSCs using gene expression data.
Association between arch perimeter management and the occurrence of mandibular second molar eruption disturbances:
Authors: Santana Lucas Garcia , Avelar Kimberlly , Marques Leandro Silva 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To investigate the association between the management of mandibular arch perimeter during development of the dentition and its effects on second permanent molar (M2) eruption.

Materials and Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched without restrictions up to June 2020. Assessment was performed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT). Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals was calculated from random-effects meta-analyses. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Results
Five non-RCTs, with serious to moderate risk of bias, were included. A low certainty of evidence indicated that individuals undergoing mandibular arch perimeter management by controlling the position of the first molar had a high prevalence of M2 eruption difficulties. The odds of eruption disorders was 7.5 times higher (OR: 7.57, [3.72, 15.41], P &lt; .001) in treated individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed that appliances that increased the arch perimeter lead to a greater chance of eruption disorders compared to appliances that only maintained the perimeter. The predictive factors for the M2 eruption difficulty were its previous mesioangulation in relation to the first molar (&gt;24°) and the treatment time (&gt;2 years).

Conclusions
Mandibular arch perimeter management during development of the dentition leads to an increase in the occurrence of M2 eruption difficulties. The identification of possible risk factors as well as the choice of the appropriate appliance type and the monitoring of these individuals seems to be essential to avoid undesirable effects with this therapy.
Effects of different lingual retainers on periodontal health and stability
Authors: Adanur-Atmaca Rabia , Çokakoğlu Serpil , Öztürk Fırat 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate the effects of different lingual retainers on periodontal health and stability of mandibular anterior teeth at the 1-year follow-up.

Materials and Methods
One hundred thirty-two patients were randomly allocated to four groups using different lingual retainers: group 1, 0.016 × 0.022-in dead-soft wire; group 2, 0.0215-in 5-strand stainless steel wire; group 3, 0.014 × 0.014-in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing nitinol retainer (Memotain); group 4, connected bonding pads. Plaque, gingival, and calculus indexes were used to evaluate periodontal health, and Little's irregularity index, intercanine width, and arch length measurements were performed to evaluate stability. All measurements were performed at each time point (debonding and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months).

Results
The mean value of the gingival index obtained in group 3 was lower than the mean value for all other groups. The mean value of the calculus index was the lowest in group 3, and there was a significant difference between group 3 and groups 1 and 2. No differences were found among the groups in terms of plaque index, intercanine width, and arch length. The least irregularity was obtained in groups 2 and 3. There were no significant differences between these groups and groups 1 and 4.

Conclusions
Gingival inflammation and calculus accumulation were the lowest in group 3 (Memotain). The irregularity for Memotain and stainless steel retainers was less than or the other groups. However, no clinically significant worsening of periodontal health or relapse were seen in any groups after 1 year.
Valores en educación universitaria: equidad de género en parejas de doble ingreso
Authors: García Martínez Flor de María , Bañuelos García Víctor Hugo , Llamas Félix Blanca Isabel 
Published: February 2021

La educación es un requerimiento clave para el siglo XXI. Dadas las exigencias del mundo contemporáneo, la concepción de valores se encuentra dirigida al desarrollo de la personalidad del estudiante universitario, proceso complejo y contradictorio en el que intervienen diversos factores. Así pues, el objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en identificar valores en la educación universitaria que reconocieran la equidad de género en parejas de doble ingreso que laboraron en un departamento gubernamental del estado de Zacatecas en el año 2019. La investigación se desarrolló en un entorno cuantitativo de tipo transaccional. El nivel de investigación es relacional: se encontraron relaciones y discrepancias entre las variables de formación de valores y equidad de género. En los resultados alcanzados, se encontró, mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado, relación entre el género y las actividades del hogar. Sin embargo, un índice sumativo simple de 91.07 % y 1.79 % consideró lo contrario. Por tanto, se concluyó que, en las parejas de doble ingreso que laboraron en este departamento gubernamental, existieron valores como la libertad, la igualdad, el respeto, la comunicación y la negociación, la equidad de género, los cuales subyacen a los derechos humanos fundamentales como forma de resolución de conflictos.
FEMINISM IN VERONICA ROTH’S MOVIE “DIVERGENT”
Authors: Dari Wulan , Lubis Fauziah Khairani , Hasibuan Juli Rachmadani 
Published: February 2021

The study deals with Feminism in Veronica Roth’s Movie “Divergent” from three women character. The objective of the study were to find out the types of feminism and the roles of women in Divergent movie. The research method of this study used qualitative research, relying on the analysis and description of previous researcher and the studies of feminism. The data of this study were the utterances that can be found out from the script of divergent movie. The data of this research were analyzed by using Tong’s theory. The researcher found there are 3 types of feminism in three women character in Divergent movie, they are : 5 statements that are included in liberal feminism, 12 statements are included in radical feminism, and 3 statements are included in anarchist feminism. The role of women that can be found from three women character in Divergent movie was the role of women in domestic sector and the role of women in public sector. Keywords: Divergent Feminism, Movie
TABOO LANGUAGE EXPRESSION BETWEEN SELLER AND BUYER IN TRADITIONAL MARKET
Authors: Samosir Widya Nola , Meisuri Meisuri , Putri Citra Anggia 
Published: February 2021

The study deals with Feminism in Veronica Roth’s Movie “Divergent” from three women character. The objective of the study were to find out the types of feminism and the roles of women in Divergent movie. The research method of this study used qualitative research, relying on the analysis and description of previous researcher and the studies of feminism. The data of this study were the utterances that can be found out from the script of divergent movie. The data of this research were analyzed by using Tong’s theory. The researcher found there are 3 types of feminism in three women character in Divergent movie, they are : 5 statements that are included in liberal feminism, 12 statements are included in radical feminism, and 3 statements are included in anarchist feminism. The role of women that can be found from three women character in Divergent movie was the role of women in domestic sector and the role of women in public sector. Keywords: Divergent Feminism, Movie
Gerhard G. Hösl: A mediáció mint eredményes konfliktuskezelő megoldás elvei és gyakorlata
Authors: Bérces Viktor 
Published: February 2021

A mediáció mint diverziós eljárási modell létjogosultsága és hatásfoka az egyik legvitatottabb kérdése a hazai és nemzetközi jogtudománynak. Gerhard G. Hösl tanulmánya ugyanakkor olyan pragmatikus módszerrel dolgozza fel e jogintézmény alkalmazásának folyamatát, amely komoly iránymutatást adhat a hazai jogalkalmazás számára is. A könyv gyakorlati példákon keresztül illusztrálja a közvetítői eljárásban résztvevő személyek számára irányadó magatartásformákat, a közvetítőként eljáró személy (ld. mediátor) lehetséges feladatait, valamint a szóban forgó jogintézmény előnyös hatásait.
Elöljáróban megjegyezném: a jogtudomány számos képviselője azon az állásponton van, hogy jelen eljárásjogi konstrukció derogálja a bíróságok presztízsét, míg mások a jogviták megoldásának hatékonyabb, gyorsabb és az érdekeltek számára minden szempontból kedvezőbb lehetőségét látják benne. E teoretikus vitapontok ellenére megállapítható, hogy a legfejlettebb uniós tagállamokban már rutinszerűen alkalmazzák e lehetőséget: Ausztriában több mint 4000 mediációs szervezet létezik, Németországban - Hannoveri székhellyel - 2003 óta évente országos kongresszusokat tartanak e tárgykörben, Svájcban kógens jogszabályi előírásokat hoztak a mediátorok képzési rendszerével kapcsolatosan, stb. Leszögezhető tehát, hogy e konstrukció igénybevétele növekedő tendenciát mutat, mégpedig - nemzetközi szinten - elsősorban a családi, az öröklési, a munka-, a gazdasági és a büntetőjog területén. A könyv tárgyát képező praxis jövőbeni fejlődése azonban természetesen a jogalkotó, illetőleg jogalkalmazó kezében van, teljes mértékben kikristályosodott gyakorlatról pedig még egy európai állam esetében sem beszélhetünk.