bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Vitamin E Deficiency and Gender Differences on Fatty Acid Metabolism in Zebrafish
Authors: Lebold Katie M , Jump Donald B , Wright Charlotte L , Miller Galen W , Labut Edwin M , Barton Carrie L , Tanguay Robert L , Traber Maret G 
Published: June 2021

We examined the impact of α‐tocopherol (E) deficiency on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in zebrafish, which were fed defined diets with α‐linolenic (ALA) and linoleic (LA) acid, but without arachidonic (ARA) or docosahexeanoic (DHA) acids; diets were either E sufficient (E+) or deficient (E−). Analysis of fish PUFA contents showed that the ratios reflecting long chain PUFA synthesis were significantly lower in E− vs E+ females (DHA/ALA was 2/3 lower; ARA/LA was half). In male fish, these ratios were not dependent on E status. Overall, the n6/n3 ratio in E− fish was ~20% higher than E+ fish. In both diets for female vs male comparison, mRNA were increased for fatty acid desaturase (FAD) by 3.6X and for sterol regulatory binding factor 2 by 1.4X, while elongase 5 (Elovl5) decreased 2.3X. In E− vs E+ fish, mRNA expression levels of FAD and Elovl2 were doubled; these enzymes are required for DHA synthesis. Thus, E deficiency in females resulted in lower DHA/ALA and higher expression of genes involved in DHA synthesis, suggesting that inadequate E status led to depletion of DHA or an impaired ability to synthesize sufficient DHA.Grant Funding Source: HD062109
Gaining Weight During the Lifetime Can Alter Vitamin D Status
Authors: yousef Fatimah MohammadALI , Thomson Cynthia , Yousef Jehad , Raddadi Ragga 
Published: June 2021

In Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the traditional diet characterized by high fiber content and low fat, however, the diet in the Saudi Arabia has changed dramatically over the last two decades and has become more western fast food, which is lower in vitamin, and mineral, this unbalance diet can lead to obesity. Obesity is one of the major problems in Saudi Arabia, especially among women.Gaining weight since 18 years and became Obese in later life usually have inadequate vitamin D status due to the decrease vitamin D bioavailability from the cutaneous. In this study we examine whether the current and weight at 18 years can alter vitamin D status among a healthy Saudis' women. The participants were recruited as they presented their regular clinical check‐ups, and their blood was drawn. Their ages ranged between 20 and 75 years, the bio‐samples were taken from June 2009 through August 2009 (n=120). We hypothesized that women who maintained stable weight over time had a higher circulating of 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)2D3) compared to those who gained weight. The result: Women who gain weight during their lifetime have low vitamin D level compared to that maintains stable weight.
Voluntarily Fortified Foods in the United States: Consumer Characteristics and Potential for Excessive Intakes
Authors: Sacco Jocelyn , Tarasuk Valerie 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe addition of vitamins and minerals to foods voluntarily is expanding in the US, as evidenced by the emergence of new fortified foods (FF), such as vitamin waters. Existing literature suggests that voluntarily FF contribute significantly to nutrient intakes, however in the context of widespread supplement use, there is a need to examine the impact of FF on excessive intakes.ObjectivesOur objectives were to determine: 1) the characteristics of FF consumers in the US and 2) whether FF consumption increases the likelihood of nutrient intakes above the tolerable upper intake level (UL).MethodsUsing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–08) we identified FF consumers on each of 2 24hr dietary recalls. Logistic regression was used to determine the characteristics of FF consumers and whether FF consumers were more likely to exceed the UL from foods and supplements.ResultsAlmost half of the population consumed at least one FF on either recall day. FF consumers were more likely to take dietary supplements and be non‐smokers. FF consumers were more likely to exceed the UL for zinc, niacin, folic acid and retinol than non‐consumers. This relationship was most often observed for young children.ConclusionsWith expanding voluntary FF, careful monitoring of this practice is needed, particularly given the observed elevated risk of nutrient excess.Grant Funding Source: CIHR Doctoral Research Award
Bronchial wall remodeling is reduced by dexamethasone treatment during larvae pulmonary migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis
Authors: Tefé‐Silva Cristiane , Beneli Cristina T. , Celes Mara R. , Machado Eleuza R. , Ueta Marlene T. , Floriano Elaine M. , Sorgi Carlos A. , Faccioli Lúcia H. , Ramos Simone G. 
Published: June 2021

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal parasitosis with an obligatory pulmonary cycle. The immune response is associated with Th2‐type. Although the inflammatory response seems similar to asthma, the possible mechanism of bronchial remodeling during pulmonary migration of larvae has not been established. The aim of this study was to delineate the mechanisms involved in airway remodeling during the passage of Strongyloides venezuelensis larvae and to determine the ability of dexamethasone (dexa) to interfere with this process.Rats were divided into four groups: control, control+dexa, infected, infected+dexa. The groups were inoculated with 9,000 S. venezuelensis larvae and treated with 2mg of dexa. At 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days, the rats were killed. Morphometric analyses and immunohistochemistry were conducted, and cytokines were evaluated by ELISA.Goblet cell and smooth muscle hyperplasia, collagen deposition were seen in thickenings of the bronchial wall, and IL‐1β, IL‐4 and VEGF levels were elevated throughout the course of infection. Both the morphologic alterations and the immunomodulatory response to the infection were drastically reduced in the dexamethasone‐treated animals.The airway remodeling occurs during passage of S. venezuelensis as a consequence of Th‐2 type inflammation. Dexamethasone treatment can inhibit this process, acting primarily by suppressing cytokines.
Expression of Angioproliferative Molecules in Plexiform like Lesions in Lungs of Domestic Fowl Selected for Susceptibility to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hamal Krishna Raj , Anthony Nicholas B. , Erf Gisela F. , Wideman Robert F. 
Published: June 2021

Domestic fowl (broiler chickens) bred for meat production spontaneously develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) accompanied by the formation of plexiform‐like complex vascular lesions (CVLs). CVLs formed distal to branch points in inter‐parabronchial pulmonary arterioles that typically exhibit medial hypertrophy and intimal proliferation. The CVLs in the lungs of broilers closely resemble the histology of plexiform lesions in the lungs of human PAH patients. Paraformaldehyde fixed lung tissues from 8‐ to 24‐week old broilers were stained immunohistochemically for detection of various angioproliferative molecules expressed in the CVLs. These molecules include: smooth muscle actin; von Willebrand factor; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); VEGF receptor II; hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha; survivin; collagen; fibronectin; and tenascin. The CVLs in broiler lungs exhibited positive staining for these molecules. Expression of these molecules within the CVL of PAH‐susceptible broilers combined with the close histological resemblance of CVLs to plexiform lesions of human PAH patients further supports the use of broilers from our PAH susceptible line as an excellent animal model for PAH and plexogenic arteriopathy.“Supported by NIH grant 1R15HL092517”
Drafting the topological network of protein‐protein interactions by in‐depth data mining and inference
Authors: Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2021

The biological knowledge had often been represented by network, especially the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network since the advent of systems biology. While current experimental methods for mapping PPI networks remained costly and often inefficient, the development of new computational approaches for building the networks was very imperative. Here, an in silico method for efficiently mapping protein interaction networks was presented in dependence on the integration of in‐depth data mining for proteomic information (including sequences, motifs, structures and interactions) with the smart predictive tricks. The sketch of PPI network was generated from an initial target protein (as a start node) by progressively determining the peripheral interacting partners that acted as new start nodes respectively in the following cycle. Analyses of protein functions and discovery of active pathways or subnetworks with definitely physiological implications were also addressed in detail according to an optimum search algorism. The integrative computational approach could draft the topological networks of PPI in a high‐throughput and low‐cost fashion before actual experimental procedures.This work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, no. 20803098)
FNBP1 was involved with the morphological control in the hepatocyte
Authors: Zhang Jun , LIN Ming‐ming , Zhang Qian‐qing , Wang Yun‐hong , Zhu Chong‐yang , Li Xin 
Published: June 2021

The formin‐binding protein 1 (FNBP1) was widely expressed in eukaryotic cells with active participations in endocytosis and movement by simultaneously promoting tubular membrane invagination (or deformation) and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. The N‐terminal EFC (extended FER‐CIP4 homology) domain of FNBP1 was previously shown to have membrane binding and deformation activities and capable of activating the WASP‐Arp2/3‐actin pathway. In the present investigation, it was curiously found that knockdown of the endogenous FNBP1 by RNA interference (RNAi) didn't affect endocytosis and movement in hepatocyte 7703 cells, but triggered the cell morphological remodeling from epithelioid to fibrous shape and actin specific reagents, either phalloidine or cytochalasin B, could abrogate the silence effect. Furthermore, withdrawal of the silence could induce the cell morphological recovery, which strongly suggested that FNBP1 also played a role in morphological control. The experiments, along with the published evidences, indicated that FNBP1 probably exerted various functions in different cellular contexts by sharing a common molecular process associated with actin cytoskeleton reorganization in cortex.This work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, no. 20803098)
Protein‐Protein Interactions: Identification, modulation and validation
Authors: Hindie Valerie , Scheer Aurelie , Tafelmeyer Petra , Rain Jean‐Christophe , Formstecher Etienne 
Published: June 2021

Protein interaction mapping is key to elucidate protein functions and decipher cellular pathways.We have implemented an optimized yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) protein interaction screening platform that allows to test on average 100 million interactions per screen. This corresponds to a 10‐fold coverage of any of our highly complex fragment libraries, and ensures exhaustive and reproducible results. Moreover, multiple independent fragments are isolated for each interactant, enabling the immediate delineation of a minimal interacting domain and the computation of a confidence score. Individual amino acids critical for the interaction can be identified using other yeast‐based tools, paving the way for functional studies and drug discovery projects where protein‐protein interactions can be used as drug targets.We have also developed additional methods to probe and characterize protein interactions in vitro with a medium to high throughput, using Surface Plasmon Resonance and a miniaturized time‐resolved FRET assay.Finally, taking advantage of our unique protein fragment libraries and screening technology in yeast, we are currently developing new tools to identify protein partners of DNA, RNA and small molecules.Here, we will present results that illustrate the strength and benefits of our protein interaction screening and validation techniques.
The PI3K‐Akt Pathway Regulates Calpain 6 Expression, Proliferation, and Apoptosis
Authors: Zha Xiliang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveCalpain 6 Expression Regulated by the PI3K‐Akt Pathway and its mechanism.ResultsAccording to the data that CAPN6 was up‐regulated in the Akt transformed mouse embryonic fibroblast cells by cDNA chip, the mechanisms underlying elevated CAPN6 expression by PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and its biological functions were studied. The results showed that CAPN6 was down‐regulated on transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels by the PI3K inhibitor or Akt deletion. CAPN6 protein was stabilized by PI3K‐GSK‐3β pathway. Deleted CAPN6 promoters activity were assessed by dual‐luciferase reporter system, and the founding indicated that −93/+200 DNA fragment was the core promoter of it. Transcription factor binding sites in the CAPN6 promoter were mutated and the results showed that AP1, Oct‐1, and FoxD3 were the critical transcription factors in regulation of CAPN6 expression. In addition, CAPN6 promoted cancer cell proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis.ConclusionThe finding demonstrates that CAPN6 is regulated by the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and provides evidence that it may be a therapeutic target of cancer.
Effects of Omega‐3 and Omega‐6 fatty acids on lipids panel in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: alnumair khalid , Alsaif Mohammed A , Heidal Kimberly Barber , Govindasamy Chandramohan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids dietary intakes and examine their correlation with plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid profiles in Saudi population.MethodsTwo hundred healthy, Saudi, males ranging in age from 19–50 years old, from Riyadh, were selected. A 24‐hr food recall and two‐day food records were used to determine dietary intakes. Fasting plasma samples used for analysis of n‐3, n‐6, LDL‐cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A‐1 and Apolipoprotein B.ResultsThere was a significant (p<0.05) and positive correlation between dietary intake of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids and their plasma concentrations. Negative correlation between intakes of n‐3 fatty acids and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1 and positive correlation between intakes of n‐6 fatty acids and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1. There was a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids, and LDL‐C, TG and Apo A‐1 and negative correlation between n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids and HDL‐C and Apo B.ConclusionHigh intake of n‐3 dietary poly unsaturated fatty acids improves the lipid profiles.Source: National Nutrition Policy Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
The Influence of the Plant Food Fibers «Bapol» and “Milkyboom” on the children's reactivity of nursery schools
Authors: Dalenov Erbolat , Abduldaeva Aigul , Tell Leonid 
Published: June 2021

The health of children is one of the serious questions set to the society's economical and social environment.The goal of the work is to study an influence of the food product “Milkyboom” and “Bapol” to reactivity of the preschool 137 children aged 3–6 years old. The ration of the children was enriched by foods “Milkyboom” and “Bapol”. All investigated children were selected by sex and age, and the kind of the food product in their ration. The deficiency of the fish foods, rye bread, dairy, curds, cheese, vegetables, and berries was identified in food consumption of children. An opposite, consumption of macaroni (51%), confectionery (62%) was in plenty. Also the deficit of the animal protein, calcium, vitamines À, Å, iron, folic acid, and food fibers has bee determined. In this connection such food products as “Milkyboom” and “Bapol” were suggested by us. The sourmilk product “Ìylê&#1199;âîîì” lead to improvement of physical development, reactivity, adaptation mechanisms due to stabilization of the respiratory, cardiovascular systems, and also increasing of energetic, biologic value of ration. On the background of “Bapol” consuming the content of food fibers, mineral substances (potassium, natrium), and also vitamin E was increased. Food fobers in ration lead to improving gastrointestinal tract functions, adaptation potential, immunity.
Micronutrient deficiencies, beliefs about food and attitudes towards supplementation in women of reproductive age in rural Ghanaian communities
Authors: Nielson Hailey , Crookston Benjamin , Brown Erin , Willardson Sarah , Templin Katherine , Kudiya Humza , Dickerson Ty , Ansong Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Micronutrient deficiencies in women of reproductive age are associated with multiple adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. Recent estimates indicate that globally over two billion people are at risk for vitamin A, iodine, and iron deficiency. In Ghana, only 4% of a family's diet comes from animal sources while 72% of their dietary energy supply is obtained from carbohydrates.METHODSA convenience sample of 169 women of childbearing age (15–49) in rural villages near Kumasi, Ghana were surveyed.RESULTSWomen stated they receive free prenatal vitamins only during pregnancy—not during lactation or between pregnancies. Data suggests many food groups were underrepresented in their diets, particularly those foods from animal sources. Findings indicate that women of childbearing age are experiencing micronutrient deficiencies. The recommended daily intake of Vitamin A is 800 mcg; women surveyed received 346.1mcg. Women who are pregnant and lactating as well as those who are not are deficient in zinc; however women who were not pregnant and lactating were more deficient (p= .0242).CONCLUSIONResults from this study demonstrate that women of childbearing age may benefit from nutrition education along with micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, lactation, and between pregnancies.
Core Performance Workplace Wellness: Positive impact on body composition
Authors: Campbell Bill , Carlson‐Phillips Amanda , Woolf Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo compare the effectiveness of two worksite wellness programs.MethodsEmployees participated in a 14‐week cohort‐randomized trial comparing a Traditional Worksite Wellness Program [TWP] and the Core Performance Training and Nutrition Program [CPTNP]. The TWP included a health check, an online health assessment and a meeting with an onsite wellness coach. The CPTNP consisted of the TWP plus a supervised exercise (3 times/wk) and nutrition program (4 meetings). Body composition (body mass, bodyfat %, fat mass, lean muscle mass) were assessed before and after the 14‐wk study. Data were analyzed via a 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA & significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsParticipants in the TWP (n=66; 39.5± 7.8yrs; 29.2 ± 6.8 kg/m2) and the CPTNP (n=73; 39.1±6.5yrs; 28.6 ± 5.02 kg/m2) were matched for age, gender and activity level. Body mass (kg), bodyfat %, fat mass (kg), & lean muscle mass (kg) improved by 6.0% & 1.2%; 5.9% & 0.6%; 26.9% & 3.0%; 1.8% & 0% for the CPTNP & TWP programs, respectively. For each variable, a significant interaction was observed demonstrating that the CPTNP had greater improvements compared to the TWP group.ConclusionParticipants in the CPTNP had significantly better body composition improvements. Employers should consider like programs to improve employee health.Research support from Intel®
A Novel High Throughput Assay For Measuring Bacterial Adhesion Activity to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Qiuyan (Julia) , Wei HuiLin , Kondo Miwako , Ou Boxin 
Published: June 2021

Research studies show cranberry helps to prevent UTIs by inhibiting E. coli from adhering to the uroepithelium that line up the urinary tract. Currently, many cell based anti‐adhesion assays have been developed, however, they are time consuming and lacking reproducibility due to the inherent limitations of the assays.In this new assay, human uroepithelial cells T24 are plated in multi‐well plates, grown to confluence, rendered nonviable but adhered to plates by UVC treatment. Testing samples are added to the cells in TB media, followed by adding E. coli 1161. After co‐culturing, plates are washed, bacteria that remain to be adhered to the cells are lysed, and their ATP contents are read by a plate reader.The NIST SRM 3283 Cranberry Extract is a chosen reference standard, the anti‐adhesion index of a sample is obtained by fitting the sample's inhibition degree to the dose response curve of the NIST reference. The results are expressed as SRM 3283 equivalent per mg or per mL. Various phytochemicals from cranberry including their metabolites in biological fluids, plant extracts, and juices were tested by this new assay. Our results indicate that when compared to other fruits, cranberry demonstrated the highest potency of anti‐adhesion activity. The assay is reliable, high throughput, and can be utilized to test a wide of variety of samples.
Weight change in middle age poor Mexican women in a 10y period
Authors: Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , Lopez‐Olmedo Nancy , Neufeld Lynnette M , Madrid‐Marina Vicente , Fernald Lia , Ramakrishnan Usha , Rivera‐Dommarco Juan 
Published: June 2021

To explore the weight change over time and its associated factors in women from semi‐rural area in Mexico.MethodsWomen participating in a randomized controlled micronutrient supplementation trial during pregnancy in 1998 were followed in 2005 and 2008. Information on weight, physical activity (PA) and socio‐demographic information was collected on each contact (n= 632). Furthermore, in a subsample (n=100) we collected blood samples in order to explore the distribution of SNP LEPTINA 3UTR, and SNP PPARG Pro12Ala. General estimating equations (GEE) were estimated to explore the association of weight change over time, and socio‐demographic, characteristics and changes in PA level.ResultsWomen were on average 23.6±5.5y and had a parity of 2.4±1.4 when were first recruited. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from38.1% in 1997 to 74.2% and 83.6 % for 2005, and 2008 respectively. The mean BMI change was 5.1±3.3 from 1998–2008. After adjusting for potential confounders, BMI change was associated to parity, (beta coefficient 1.5± 0.05, p< 0.01), and socioeconomic level, showing that women at the highest tertile had a greater increase in BMI (p<0.01).DiscussionThe overweight and obesity in this sample increased almost 46 percentage points in a 9 years period. In women from poor semi‐rural community, having a wealthier economic status and high parity might be potential risk factors for obesity
Para‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) recovery in 24 h urine collections: Effect of mode of administration
Authors: Sharma Rashmi S , Joy Raechel C. , Boushey Carol J. , Leonov Alexei P. , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPara‐amino benzoic acid (PABA) is an established biomarker of 24 h urine collection (UC) completeness. When added to food, PABA can also be used as a biomarker of consumption. However, PABA for human ingestion is not available in the US, although the potassium salt form, POTABA®, can be obtained for clinical use.ObjectiveWe compared PABA recoveries (%R) in urine of equivalent PABA doses from PABA (3x80mg/d) and POTABA®(3x102mg/d).Methods12 healthy, free‐living participants underwent 3 test conditions in random order: supervised ingestion of PABA tablet (PABAtab), POTABA® capsule (POTABAcap) and food with PABA or POTABA®. Blocks of 6 participants were randomized to consume either PABAfood or POTABAfood. Participants performed a single 24 h UC for each condition and %R was measured.Results30% of UCs (n=5) were low (%R<85%), signifying non‐compliance, and excluded from analysis. PABAtab and POTABAcap %R did not differ significantly (101±2; 98±4; n=7). %R for PABAtab and PABAfood (n=4) were 103±3 and 93±4, and POTABAcap and POTABAfood (n=3) were 101±2 and 98±3, respectively.ConclusionPOTABA®is a valid alternative toPABA when taken in capsule/pill form. Results for PABA or POTABA®in food are inconclusive due to the small n, and we will be recruiting additional participants. The process of achieving complete 24h UC in free‐living people needs improvement. [DK075862]