bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring air pollution close to a cement plant and in a multi-source industrial area through tree-ring analysis
Authors: Cocozza Claudia , Alterio Edoardo , Bachmann Olivier , Guillong Marcel , Sitzia Tommaso , Cherubini Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThirty-two trace elements were examined in the tree rings of downy oak to evaluate the pollution levels close to a cement plant isolated in a rural context and an industrial area where multiple sources of air pollution are or were present. Tree cores were collected from trees growing 1 km from both the cement plant and the industrial area that are located 8 km from each other. The analysis of the trace elements was performed on annual tree rings from 1990 to 2016 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace elements Cs, Mg, Mn, S and Zn reflected the emission history of the cement plant. Their values have increased since early 2000s, when the cement plant started its activity. However, the lack of significant trends of pollutants in the tree rings from the industrial area and the possible effect of translocation and volatility of some elements left open questions. The very weak changes of the other trace elements in the period 1990–2016 suggest those elements do not mark any additional effect of the industrial activity on the background pollution. The results confirm that downy oak trees growing close to isolated industrial plants must be considered a pollution forest archive accessible through dendrochemistry.
Effect of Cold Working and Long-Term Heating in Air on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Growth Rate in Commercial TT Alloy 690 Exposed to Simulated PWR Primary Water
Authors: Yonezawa Toshio , Hashimoto Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors have previously reported that the number of cavities at or near grain boundary (GB) carbides in commercial thermally treated (TT) Alloy 690 increases with increasing cold work reduction ratio and with heating temperature in air. In the present work after very long-term heating in air, the number of cavities at or near GB carbides in cold worked commercial TT Alloy 690 was observed to saturate, and the shape and size of the cavities changed. The shape and size of cavities and cracks were categorized, and a GB defect index number was defined as a function of their number, shape and size. Stress corrosion cracking growth rates in a commercial TT Alloy 690 with various levels of cold work exposed to simulated PWR primary water at 633 K (360 °C) have been measured and correlated with the defined GB defect index number. Cavities and cracks in the same materials before and after long-term heating in air have also been correlated with the defined GB defect index number. For the heavily cold worked (≥ 15 pct) commercial TT Alloy 690, a good correlation has been observed between the PWSCCGR and the GB defect index number. By contrast, for lightly cold worked (≤ 10 pct) commercial TT Alloy 690, the SCCGR in the simulated PWR primary water was very low and the GB defect index number was usually zero, regardless of cold working reduction ratio ≤ 10 pct. It is concluded that the mechanism of SCCGR for lightly cold worked TT Alloy 690 in PWR primary water is likely to be different from that for heavily cold worked TT Alloy 690.
Evaluation of two different transarterial chemoembolization protocols using Lipiodol and degradable starch microspheres in therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective trial
Authors: Vogl T. J. , Langenbach M. C. , Hammerstingl R. , Albrecht M. H. , Chatterjee A. R. , Gruber-Rouh T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective randomized trial is designed to compare the performance of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) using Lipiodol-only with additional use of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BCLC-stage-B based on metric tumor response.MethodsSixty-one patients (44 men; 17 women; range 44–85) with HCC were evaluated in this IRB-approved HIPPA compliant study. The treatment protocol included three TACE-sessions in 4-week intervals, in all cases with Mitomycin C as a chemotherapeutic agent. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed prior to the first and 4 weeks after the last TACE. Two treatment groups were determined using a randomization sheet: In 30 patients, TACE was performed using Lipiodol only (group 1). In 31 cases Lipiodol was combined with DSMs (group 2). Response according to tumor volume, diameter, mRECIST criteria, and the development of necrotic areas were analyzed and compared using the Mann–Whitney-U, Kruskal–Wallis-H-test, and Spearman-Rho. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsA mean overall tumor volume reduction of 21.45% (± 62.34%) was observed with an average tumor volume reduction of 19.95% in group 1 vs. 22.95% in group 2 (p = 0.653). Mean diameter reduction was measured with 6.26% (± 34.75%), for group 1 with 11.86% vs. 4.06% in group 2 (p = 0.678). Regarding mRECIST criteria, group 1 versus group 2 showed complete response in 0 versus 3 cases, partial response in 2 versus 7 cases, stable disease in 21 versus 17 cases, and progressive disease in 3 versus 1 cases (p = 0.010). Estimated overall survival was in mean 33.4 months (95% CI 25.5–41.4) for cTACE with Lipiosol plus DSM, and 32.5 months (95% CI 26.6–38.4), for cTACE with Lipiodol-only (p = 0.844), respectively.ConclusionsThe additional application of DSM during cTACE showed a significant benefit in tumor response according to mRECIST compared to cTACE with Lipiodol-only. No benefit in survival time was observed.
Transient disease dynamics across ecological scales
Authors: Tao Yun , Hite Jessica L. , Lafferty Kevin D. , Earn David J. D. , Bharti Nita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnalyses of transient dynamics are critical to understanding infectious disease transmission and persistence. Identifying and predicting transients across scales, from within-host to community-level patterns, plays an important role in combating ongoing epidemics and mitigating the risk of future outbreaks. Moreover, greater emphases on non-asymptotic processes will enable timely evaluations of wildlife and human diseases and lead to improved surveillance efforts, preventive responses, and intervention strategies. Here, we explore the contributions of transient analyses in recent models spanning the fields of epidemiology, movement ecology, and parasitology. In addition to their roles in predicting epidemic patterns and endemic outbreaks, we explore transients in the contexts of pathogen transmission, resistance, and avoidance at various scales of the ecological hierarchy. Examples illustrate how (i) transient movement dynamics at the individual host level can modify opportunities for transmission events over time; (ii) within-host energetic processes often lead to transient dynamics in immunity, pathogen load, and transmission potential; (iii) transient connectivity between discrete populations in response to environmental factors and outbreak dynamics can affect disease spread across spatial networks; and (iv) increasing species richness in a community can provide transient protection to individuals against infection. Ultimately, we suggest that transient analyses offer deeper insights and raise new, interdisciplinary questions for disease research, consequently broadening the applications of dynamical models for outbreak preparedness and management.
Disabled Women, Care Regimes, and Institutionalised Homophobia: a Case Study From Poland
Authors: Wołowicz Agnieszka , Król Agnieszka , Struzik Justyna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The intersection of non-heterosexuality, gender and disability became a prolific field of research among both queer, crip and disability studies scholars, though focusing mainly on Western regions. The article discusses how women narrate their everyday intimate and care-related experiences situated in ableist and heteronormative regimes of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The aim of this article is to scrutinise the care regimes as experienced, navigated and reported by non-heterosexual women with disabilities in Poland, a country characterized by institutionalisation, lack of individualised disability support, and state homophobia.

Methods
The study is based on qualitative methods, namely semi-structured, in-depth interviews. We conducted interviews with 11 non-heterosexual disabled women living in Poland. The sampling was based on three criteria: gender, self-identification as a disabled person, and experience with being in a same-sex relationship (8 out of 11 participants were in a homosexual relationship during the time of the interview). All eleven participants identified as non-heterosexual women (most as lesbians, one as bisexual and one as pansexual) and had a congenital physical disability (including cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy). None of the interviewees had an intellectual disability.

Results
By tackling care regimes, our analysis explores women’s experiences in the context of discursive confusions resulting from being at the intersection of often-contradictory local narrations on gender, disability, and sexuality. We identified three intertwined processes to understand and explore how care regimes work in Poland: (1) the separateness between queer and disabled policies and discourses, (2) the co-opting/obscuring of homosexual relations between women by category of care, (3) familiarisation of care and its consequences for non-heterosexuality.

Policy Implication
We suggest that social support systems must better address the needs of non-heterosexual women with disabilities which are profoundly impacted by structural, political and cultural constraints and possibilities.
Promise and performance of agricultural nutrient management policy: Lessons from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Thorsøe Martin Hvarregaard , Andersen Mikael Skou , Brady Mark V. , Graversgaard Morten , Kilis Emils , Pedersen Anders Branth , Pitzén Samuli , Valve Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFollowing decades of international collaboration to restore the Baltic Sea, we provide an assessment of the domestic implementation of measures agreed to limit diffuse agricultural pollution and the patterns of policy instruments applied. Despite the Helsinki Convention being unusually specific in detailing what measures countries should introduce, we find many shortcomings. These are most pronounced in the larger countries (Poland, Germany and Russia), while smaller countries perform better, notably Sweden and Estonia. The patterns of policy instruments applied differ, influenced by domestic politics. The limited use of complementary policy instruments suggests that other priorities overrule full and effective implementation, with engagement mirroring the advantages that a restored Baltic Sea can bring to countries. Using the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development to support farmers in managing nutrients, particularly advisory services and investments in modern manure management technologies, represents a significant opportunity for reducing agricultural pollution in most countries.
Dissolution Rates of Allophane With Variable Fe Contents: Implications for Aqueous Alteration and the Preservation of X-Ray Amorphous Materials on Mars
Authors: Ralston S. J. , Hausrath Elisabeth M. , Tschauner Oliver , Rampe Elizabeth , Peretyazhko Tanya S. , Christoffersen Roy , Defelice Chris , Lee Hyejeong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent measurements from Mars document X-ray amorphous/nano-crystalline materials in multiple locations across the planet. Despite their prevalence, however, little is known about these materials or what their presence implies for the history of Mars. The X-ray amorphous component of the martian soil in Gale crater has an X-ray diffraction pattern that can be fit partially with allophane (approximately Al2O3⋅(SiO2)1.3–2⋅(H2O)2.5–3), and the low-temperature water-release data are consistent with allophane. The chemical data from Gale crater suggest that other silicate materials similar to allophane, such as Fe-substituted allophane (approximately (Fe2O3)0.01–0.5(Al2O3)0.5–0.99⋅(SiO2)2⋅3H2O), may also be present. In order to investigate the properties of these potential poorly crystalline components of the martian soil, Fe-free allophane (Fe:Al = 0), Fe-poor allophane (Fe:Al = 1:99), and Fe-rich allophane (Fe:Al = 1:1) were synthesized and then characterized using electron microscopy and Mars-relevant techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and evolved gas analysis. Dissolution experiments were performed under acidic (initial pH values pH0= 3.01, pH0= 5.04), near-neutral (pH0= 6.99), and alkaline (pH0= 10.4) conditions in order to determine dissolution kinetics and alteration phases for these poorly crystalline materials. Dissolution rates (rdiss), based on the rate of Si release into solution, show that these poorly crystalline materials dissolve approximately an order of magnitude faster than crystalline phases with similar compositions at all pH conditions. For Fe-free allophane, logrdiss= –10.65–0.15 × pH; for Fe-poor allophane, logrdiss= –10.35–0.22 × pH; and for Fe-rich allophane, logrdiss= –11.46–0.042 × pH at 25°C, whererdisshas the units of mol m–2 s–1. The formation of incipient phyllosilicate-like phases was detected in Fe-free and Fe-rich allophane reacted in aqueous solutions with pH0= 10.4 (steady-state pH ≈ 8). Mars-analog instrument analyses demonstrate that Fe-free allophane, Fe-poor allophane, and Fe-rich allophane are appropriate analogs for silicate phases in the martian amorphous soil component. Therefore, similar materials on Mars must have had limited interaction with liquid water since their formation. Combined with chemical changes expected from weathering, such as phyllosilicate formation, the rapid alteration of these poorly crystalline materials may be a useful tool for evaluating the extent of aqueous alteration in returned samples of martian soils.
The moduli space of Harnack curves in toric surfaces
Authors: Alberto Olarte Jorge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2006, Kenyon and Okounkov Kenyon and Okounkov [12] computed the moduli space of Harnack curves of degree d in

${\mathbb {C}\mathbb {P}}^2$

. We generalise their construction to any projective toric surface and show that the moduli space

${\mathcal {H}_\Delta }$

of Harnack curves with Newton polygon

$\Delta $

is diffeomorphic to

${\mathbb {R}}^{m-3}\times {\mathbb {R}}_{\geq 0}^{n+g-m}$

, where

$\Delta $

has m edges, g interior lattice points and n boundary lattice points. This solves a conjecture of Crétois and Lang. The main result uses abstract tropical curves to construct a compactification of this moduli space where additional points correspond to collections of curves that can be patchworked together to produce a curve in

${\mathcal {H}_\Delta }$

. This compactification has a natural stratification with the same poset as the secondary polytope of

$\Delta $

.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardiiCNCM I-1079 supplementation in finishing male pigs helps to cope with heat stress through feeding behaviour and gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Labussière Etienne , Achard Caroline , Dubois Serge , Combes Sylvie , Castex Mathieu , Renaudeau David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPigs subjected to heat stress (HS) decrease their feed intake and growth. The objectives of the experiment were to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) supplementation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardiiCNCM I-1079) on feeding behaviour, energy metabolism and faecal microbiota composition of finishing boars (n10) housed in a respiration chamber at thermoneutrality (7 d at 22°C) or during HS (seven plus six days at 28°C). Dietary LY supplementation increased DM intake (P= 0·01) whatever the ambient temperature, whereas HS decreased feed intake whatever the dietary supplementation (P= 0·01). Dietary LY supplementation increased the number of meals (P= 0·02). Energy retention was higher with dietary LY supplementation (P< 0·01) but decreased during HS (P< 0·01). The skin temperature of the supplemented pigs was lower at thermoneutrality and increased during HS to a lesser extent than that of non-supplemented pigs (P< 0·01). Faecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Treponema, Christensenellaceae R-7,Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Rikenellaceae RC9, Clostridium sensu stricto 1andRomboutsiagenera and some bacteria belonging toAlloprevotella,OxalobacterandAnaeroplasmagenera were more abundant under HS. LY supplementation attenuated HS effects onRomboutsiaabundance, while decreasing the abundance of some bacteria fromRuminoccocus,Coprococcus,PeptococcusandOxalobactergenera and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria fromLactococcusandSubdoligranulumgenera. Our results suggest that higher level of the keystone speciesRuminococcus bromiiat thermoneutrality may be one of the causes for higher energy retention observed under subsequent HS.
Association between selenium intake, diabetes and mortality in adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2014
Authors: Hoque Bushra , Shi Zumin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSe is a trace mineral that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the association between Se intake, diabetes, all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a representative sample of US adults. Data from 18 932 adults who attended the 2003–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed. Information on mortality was obtained from the US mortality registry updated to 2015. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression were used. Cross-sectionally, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes. When comparing the extreme quartiles of Se intake, the OR for diabetes was 1·44 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·89). During a mean of 6·6 years follow-up, there were 1627 deaths (312 CVD, 386 cancer). High intake of Se was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. When comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of Se intake, the hazard ratios for all-cause, CVD mortality, cancer mortality and other mortality were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·01), 0·62 (95 % CI 0·35, 1·13), 1·42 (95 % CI 0·78, 2·58) and 0·60 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·80), respectively. The inverse association between Se intake and all-cause mortality was only found among white participants. In conclusion, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with all-cause mortality. There was no interaction between Se intake and diabetes in relation to all-cause mortality.
A novel 4-DOF wide-range tunable frequency selective surface using an origami “eggbox” structure
Authors: Cui Yepu , Bahr Ryan , Rijs Samantha Van , Tentzeris Manos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShape-changing mechanical metamaterials have drawn the attention of researchers toward the development of continuous-range tunable frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). In this paper, a novel tunable FSS utilizing an origami-inspired “eggbox” structure is presented featuring four-degrees of freedom that can change the frequency response of two orthogonal linear polarizations. The centrosymmetric “eggbox” structure can be folded or rotated along two axes that lead to unprecedented reconfigurability compared to traditional Miura-Ori-based structures which have fewer degrees of control. The utilized cross-shaped dipole FSS element shows enhanced bandwidth, support for orthogonal linear polarization, and ease of fabrication. The prototype is fabricated using a low-cost fully additive inkjet printing process with silver nanoparticle conductive ink. The outcome of this study shows a 25% frequency tunable range over two polarization directions. The design can be an ideal spatial filtering candidate for advanced ultra-wideband terrestrial and space applications.
Full‐Depth Scalings for Isopycnal Eddy Mixing Across Continental Slopes Under Upwelling‐Favorable Winds
Authors: Wei Huaiyu , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMesoscale eddy mixing profoundly modulates the ocean tracer budgets, and is typically parameterized via the isopycnal eddy diffusivity in ocean climate models. However, relatively little is known about the magnitude/structure of isopycnal eddy diffusivity across continental slopes, which hinders the understanding and prediction of shelf‐open ocean exchanges. In this study, we quantify the isopycnal eddy diffusivity in a suite of eddy‐resolving, process‐oriented simulations of mesoscale turbulence over continental slopes under upwelling‐favorable winds, a configuration that commonly arises around the margins of subtropical gyres. Cross‐shore eddy diffusivity is found to be suppressed in the upper open ocean occupied by strong alongshore flows, but enhanced at depths where alongshore flows are weakened, a finding that is consistent with the enhancement of eddy mixing near the steering level. Over continental slopes, eddy diffusivity also strengthens at mid‐depths, but almost vanishes near the seafloor. To theoretically constrain the simulated eddy fluxes, we examine the scaling of eddy diffusivity proposed by Ferrari and Nikurashin (2010, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4278.1), which accounts for the suppression of eddy mixing induced by the relative propagation of eddies to the mean flow. We show that, apart from the mean‐flow suppression effect, the eddy anisotropy effect induced by steep topography shapes both the horizontal and vertical structures of cross‐shore eddy diffusivity. Finally, we propose prospective closures of the eddy propagation speed and eddy anisotropy effect over continental slopes using the large‐scale flow and bathymetric quantities. This work offers a basis upon which a “slope‐aware” parameterization of mesoscale eddy mixing can be developed.
Prevalence of and factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among French university students 1 month after the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Wathelet Marielle , Fovet Thomas , Jousset Améliane , Duhem Stéphane , Habran Enguerrand , Horn Mathilde , Debien Christophe , Notredame Charles-Edouard , Baubet Thierry , Vaiva Guillaume , D’Hondt Fabien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine measures have sparked debate regarding their traumatic nature. This cross-sectional study reports the prevalence rate of probable post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) and associated factors among French university students. A total of 22,883 students completed the online questionnaire. The prevalence rate of probable PTSD, assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, was 19.5% [19.0–20.0]. Female (1.32 [1.21–1.45]) or non-binary gender (1.76 [1.35–2.31]), exposure to a non-COVID-19-related traumatic event (3.37 [3.08–3.67]), having lived through quarantine alone (1.22 [1.09–1.37]), poor quality of social ties (2.38 [2.15–2.62]), loss of income (1.20 [1.09–1.31]), poor quality housing (1.90 [1.59–2.26]), low-quality of the information received (1.50 [1.35–1.66]) and a high level of exposure to COVID-19 (from 1.38 [1.24–1.54] to 10.82 [2.33–76.57] depending on the score) were associated with PTSD. Quarantine was considered potentially traumatic by 78.8% of the students with probable PTSD. These findings suggest the pandemic context and lockdown measures could have post-traumatic consequences, stimulating debate on the nosography of PTSD.