bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease
Authors: Song Brian , Shiromoto Yusuke , Minakuchi Moeko , Nishikura Kazuko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences. Recent studies show that editing‐dependent functions of ADAR1 protect dsRNA from dsRNA‐sensing molecules and inhibit innate immunity and the interferon‐mediated response. Deficiency in these ADAR1 functions underlie the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases such as the type I interferonopathies Aicardi‐Goutieres syndrome and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. ADAR1‐mediated editing of endogenous coding and noncoding RNA as well as ADAR1 editing‐independent interactions with DICER can also have oncogenic or tumor suppressive effects that affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and response to immunotherapy. The combination of proviral and antiviral roles played by ADAR1 in repressing the interferon response and editing viral RNAs alters viral morphogenesis and cell susceptibility to infection. This review analyzes the structure and function of ADAR1 with a focus on its position in human disease pathways and the mechanisms of its disease‐associated effects.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Challenges in adoption of water‐saving practices: Perspective from drip irrigation adoption in Kenya
Authors: Wainaina George K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change continues to affect the availability and quantity of water needed for food production globally. Due to this, authorities have increasingly advocated for the adoption of water‐saving practices and technologies such as drip irrigation systems to increase food production as well as efficiently conserve dwindling water resources. Such technologies promise efficiency but pose adoption challenges, especially to farmers as they transition from either rainfed agriculture or other less efficient irrigation technologies. This paper investigated the challenges associated with the adoption of drip irrigation with a focus on the Kenyan context. We employ insights from the sociotechnical systems approach that take into account technology elements such as infrastructures, rationale and meaning, organizational modes, social interactions, and time and space in relation to farmers’ capabilities to transition. The paper elucidates new capabilities that policy should take into account that smallholder farmers require to transition toward drip irrigation technology consequently improving their yields. Relevant and recently published scholarly articles and grey literature, formed the database and were reviewed and qualitatively analyzed. To complement these, eight key informants were consulted. Insights gathered are relevant to practitioners within the drip irrigation field and the method is potentially useful for analysis of other agricultural technology systems.
From News Diversity to News Quality: New Media Regulation Theoretical Issues
Authors: Lyubareva Inna , Rochelandet Fabrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMedia pluralism has been traditionally seen as threatened by market and ownership concentration of media outlets, negatively impacting their editorial independence and, hence, their diversity of opinions. We argue that, due to the structuring role of digital platforms in the current media ecosystem, the conditions of the production, distribution, selection, and consumption of news have become crucial issues of pluralism. Through this rethinking, we consider the pluralism issue requires us to re-examine the issue of news quality and its coupling with the concept of diversity. Beyond issues of ‘fake news,’ building new quantifiable measures of news quality proves necessary and meaningful in the today’s context. For that, we elaborate a theoretical framework based on a vertical/horizontal differentiation perspective, which permits direct evaluation of news quality in the current context of platformization. We apply this framework by depicting the existent editorial strategies of the French news providers in connection with their economic models and any other characteristics that regulation may potentially target.
Quantifying News Narratives to Predict Movements in Market Risk
Authors: Dierckx Thomas , Davis Jesse , Schoutens Wim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe theory of Narrative Economics suggests that narratives present in media influence market participants and drive economic events. In this chapter, we investigate how financial news narratives relate to movements in the CBOE Volatility Index. To this end, we first introduce an uncharted dataset where news articles are described by a set of financial keywords. We then perform topic modeling to extract news themes, comparing the canonical latent Dirichlet analysis to a technique combining doc2vec and Gaussian mixture models. Finally, using the state-of-the-art XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosted Trees) machine learning algorithm, we show that the obtained news features outperform a simple baseline when predicting CBOE Volatility Index movements on different time horizons.
Network Analysis for Economics and Finance: An Application to Firm Ownership
Authors: Engel Janina , Nardo Michela , Rancan Michela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce network analysis as an approach to model data in economics and finance. First, we review the most recent empirical applications using network analysis in economics and finance. Second, we introduce the main network metrics that are useful to describe the overall network structure and characterize the position of a specific node in the network. Third, we model information on firm ownership as a network: firms are the nodes while ownership relationships are the linkages. Data are retrieved from Orbis including information of millions of firms and their shareholders at worldwide level. We describe the necessary steps to construct the highly complex international ownership network. We then analyze its structure and compute the main metrics. We find that it forms a giant component with a significant number of nodes connected to each other. Network statistics show that a limited number of shareholders control many firms, revealing a significant concentration of power. Finally, we show how these measures computed at different levels of granularity (i.e., sector of activity) can provide useful policy insights.
Machine Learning for Financial Stability
Authors: Alessi Lucia , Savona Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat we learned from the global financial crisis is that to get information about the underlying financial risk dynamics, we need to fully understand the complex, nonlinear, time-varying, and multidimensional nature of the data. A strand of literature has shown that machine learning approaches can make more accurate data-driven predictions than standard empirical models, thus providing more and more timely information about the building up of financial risks. Advanced machine learning techniques provide several advantages over empirical models traditionally used to monitor and predict financial developments. First, they are able to deal with high-dimensional datasets. Second, machine learning algorithms allow to deal with unbalanced datasets and retain all of the information available. Third, these methods are purely data driven. All of these characteristics contribute to their often better predictive performance. However, as “black box” models, they are still much underutilized in financial stability, a field where interpretability and accountability are crucial.
New Data Sources for Central Banks
Authors: Ghirelli Corinna , Hurtado Samuel , Pérez Javier J. , Urtasun Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCentral banks use structured data (micro and macro) to monitor and forecast economic activity. Recent technological developments have unveiled the potential of exploiting new sources of data to enhance the economic and statistical analyses of central banks (CBs). These sources are typically more granular and available at a higher frequency than traditional ones and cover structured (e.g., credit card transactions) and unstructured (e.g., newspaper articles, social media posts, or Google Trends) sources. They pose significant challenges from the data management and storage and security and confidentiality points of view. This chapter discusses the advantages and the challenges that CBs face in using new sources of data to carry out their functions. In addition, it describes a few successful case studies in which new data sources have been incorporated by CBs to improve their economic and forecasting analyses.
Challenges of Adopting SAFe in the Banking Industry – A Study Two Years After Its Introduction
Authors: Nilsson Tengstrand Sara , Tomaszewski Piotr , Borg Markus , Jabangwe Ronald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) is a framework for scaling agile methods in large organizations. We have found several experience reports and white papers describing SAFe adoptions in different banks, which indicates that SAFe is being used in the banking industry. However, there is a lack of academic publications on the topic, the banking industry is missing in the scientific reports analyzing SAFe transformations. To fill this gap, we present a study on the main challenges with a SAFe transformation at a large full-service bank. We identify the challenges in the bank under study and compare the findings with experience reports from other banks, as well as with research on SAFe transformations in other domains. Many of the challenges reported in this paper overlap with the generic SAFe challenges, including management and organization, education and training, culture and mindset, requirements engineering, quality assurance, and systems architecture. However, we also report some novel challenges specific to the banking domain, e.g., the risk of jeopardizing customer relations, stability, and trust of external stakeholders. This study validates several SAFe-related challenges reported in previous work in the banking context. It also brings up some novel challenges specific to the banking industry. Therefore, we believe our results are particularly useful to practitioners responsible for SAFe transformations at other banks.
Coordination Strategies: Managing Inter-team Coordination Challenges in Large-Scale Agile
Authors: Berntzen Marthe , Stray Viktoria , Moe Nils Brede 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInter-team coordination in large-scale software development can be challenging when relying on agile development methods that emphasize iterative and frequent delivery in autonomous teams. Previous research has introduced the concept of coordination strategies, which refer to a set of coordination mechanisms to manage dependencies. We report on a case study in a large-scale agile development program with 16 development teams. Through interviews, meeting observations, and supplemental document analyses, we explore the challenges to inter-team coordination and how dependencies are managed. We found four coordination strategies: 1) aligning autonomous teams, 2) maintaining overview in the large-scale setting, 3) managing prioritizations, and 4) managing architecture and technical dependencies. This study extends previous research on coordination strategies within teams to the inter-team level. We propose that large-scale organizations can use coordination strategies to understand how they coordinate across teams and manage their unique coordination situation.
Dark photon dark matter from charged inflaton
Authors: Firouzjahi Hassan , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Mukohyama Shinji , Salehian Borna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a scenario of vector dark matter production during inflation containing a complex inflaton field which is charged under a dark gauge field and which has a symmetry breaking potential. As the inflaton field rolls towards the global minimum of the potential the dark photons become massive with a mass which can be larger than the Hubble scale during inflation. The accumulated energy of the quantum fluctuations of the produced dark photons gives the observed relic density of the dark matter for a wide range of parameters. Depending on the parameters, either the transverse modes or the longitudinal mode or their combination can generate the observed dark matter relic energy density.
Some Results on the Approximation of Solutions of Variational Inequalities for Multivalued Maps on Banach Spaces
Authors: Muglia Luigi , Marino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultivalued $$*$$

∗

-nonexpansive mappings are studied in Banach spaces. The demiclosedness principle is established. Here we focus on the problem of solving a variational inequality which is defined on the set of fixed points of a multivalued $$*$$

∗

-nonexpansive mapping. For this purpose, we introduce two algorithms approximating the unique solution of the variational inequality.
HIGHER GENERATION BY ABELIAN SUBGROUPS IN LIE GROUPS
Authors: ANTOLÍN-CAMARENA O. , GRITSCHACHER S. , VILLARREAL B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo a compact Lie group G one can associate a space E(2;G) akin to the poset of cosets of abelian subgroups of a discrete group. The space E(2;G) was introduced by Adem, F. Cohen and Torres-Giese, and subsequently studied by Adem and Gómez, and other authors. In this short note, we prove that G is abelian if and only if πi(E(2;G)) = 0 for i = 1; 2; 4. This is a Lie group analogue of the fact that the poset of cosets of abelian subgroups of a discrete group is simply connected if and only if the group is abelian.
Experimental investigation of the machining characteristics in diamond wire sawing of unidirectional CFRP
Authors: Seeholzer Lukas , Süssmaier Stefan , Kneubühler Fabian , Wegener Konrad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEspecially for slicing hard and brittle materials, wire sawing with electroplated diamond wires is widely used since it combines a high surface quality with a minimum kerf loss. Furthermore, it allows a high productivity by machining multiple workpieces simultaneously. During the machining operation, the wire/workpiece interaction and thus the material removal conditions with the resulting workpiece quality are determined by the material properties and the process and tool parameters. However, applied to machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), the process complexity potentially increases due to the anisotropic material properties, the elastic spring back potential of the material, and the distinct mechanical wear due to the highly abrasive carbon fibres. Therefore, this experimental study analyses different combinations of influencing factors with respect to process forces, workpiece surface temperatures at the wire entrance, and the surface quality in wire sawing unidirectional CFRP material. As main influencing factors, the cutting and feed speeds, the density of diamond grains on the wire, the workpiece thickness, and the fibre orientation of the CFRP material are analysed and discussed. For the tested parameter settings, it is found that while the influence of the grain density is negligible, workpiece thickness, cutting and feed speeds affect the process substantially. In addition, higher process forces and workpiece surface temperatures do not necessarily deteriorate the surface quality.
Catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in patients with and without structural heart disease: insights from the German ablation registry
Authors: Eitel Charlotte , Ince Hüseyin , Brachmann Johannes , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Willems Stephan , Spitzer Stefan G. , Tebbenjohanns Juergen , Iden Leon , Straube Florian , Hochadel Matthias , Senges Jochen , Tilz Roland R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aim
To compare patient characteristics, safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in patients with and without structural heart disease (SHD) enrolled in the German ablation registry.

Methods and results
From January 2007 until January 2010, a total of 12,536 patients (37.2% with known SHD) were enrolled and followed for at least one year. Patients with SHD more often underwent ablation for atrial flutter (45.8% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.001), whereas patients without SHD more often underwent ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (30.2% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) or atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (9.1% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation procedures were performed in a similar proportion of patients with and without SHD (38.1% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.21).
Overall, periprocedural success rate was high in both groups. Death, myocardial infarction or stroke occurred in 0.2% and 0.1% of patients with and without SHD (p = 0.066). Major non-fatal complications prior to discharge were rare and did not differ significantly between patients with and without SHD (0.5% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.34). Kaplan–Meier mortality estimate at 1 year demonstrated a significant mortality increase in patients with SHD (2.6% versus 0.7%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with and without SHD undergoing SVT ablation exhibit similar success rates and low major complication rates, despite disadvantageous baseline characteristics in SHD patients. These data highlight the safety and efficacy of SVT ablation in patients with and without SHD. Nevertheless Kaplan–Meier mortality estimates at 1 year demonstrate a significant mortality increase in patients with SHD, highlighting the importance of treating the underlying condition and reliable anticoagulation if indicated.
The Baltic CAI challenge: reconciling Transatlanticism with EU solidarity
Authors: Bērziņa-Čerenkova Una Aleksandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the EU officials and their Chinese counterparts emphasised the end of 2020 as the date for a successful conclusion of the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI, the Agreement), the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were sceptical. However, after discussions, with Lithuania appearing to be the most visible opponent of CAI among the Baltic nations, all three eventually upheld the proposal. Understanding that the ratification of CAI is unlikely after the mutual exchange of sanctions between the EU and PRC in March, 2021, the report nevertheless examines the roots of the Baltic position as a case study of inter-EU bargains, inspects what factors contributed to the Baltic position on the issue of CAI, presents the national pro- and counter-arguments to CAI along the domains of geo-politics, values, and economy, and brings up the dilemmas that remain unsolved.
Ticks on the turf: investigating the presence of ixodid ticks on and around football fields in Germany
Authors: Kahl Olaf , Kämmer Daniel , Bulling Ingrid , Komorek Martin , von Eiff Christof , Malerczyk Claudius 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIxodes ricinus is the most abundant tick species and an important vector of pathogens in Germany and in large parts of Europe. A few other ixodid tick species, e.g., Dermacentor reticulatus, may also be of eco-epidemiological relevance. As ticks are not only found in natural but also in suburban areas (parks, gardens), the present study investigated whether ticks occur on and near football grounds thus posing a potential risk to players and visitors. Thirty-two football grounds from all 16 German federal states were selected, mainly situated adjacent to a green area (forest, park). Ticks were collected by the conventional flagging method in spring 2018, and nymphs and adults were counted and morphologically determined. Altogether 807 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from 29 football grounds: 714 I. ricinus, 64 Ixodes inopinatus, 2 Ixodes frontalis, 24 Ixodes sp. ticks, and 3 D. reticulatus. Ixodes inopinatus was found in 13 out of 16 German states. Three ticks were even found on the turf of two football fields. It can be concluded that ticks occur quite frequently and sometimes in high abundance near football grounds situated close or adjacent to a forest or a park.
Climate change in the context of whole-farming systems: opportunities for improved outreach
Authors: Clements R. S. , Birthisel S. K. , Daigneault A. , Gallandt E. , Johnson D. , Wentworth T. , Niles M. T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change poses a challenge to farming systems worldwide. However, existing research suggests that farmers and those providing outreach may have different climate change perspectives, and there is little understanding of how farmers prioritize climate change compared with other aspects of their farming system. To compare how farmers and outreach professionals in northern New England consider climate change within the context of whole-farming systems, we conducted mental modeling interviews with 33 farmers and 16 outreach professionals. Despite being primed to consider climate during the interviews, only 24% of farmers and 25% of outreach professionals included climate in their mental models. Key differences arose in both group’s perceptions of weather: outreach professionals focused on connections between good weather and biophysical factors, while farmers drew additional connections to factors like quality of life and overall farm success. Social factors including community well-being, public education, and farm success were significantly more likely to be included (P < 0.05), and in some cases were more influential, in farmer models compared to outreach professional models. We conclude that farmer participants did not perceive climate to be a central factor of their farming systems, and valued human and social dimensions more highly than outreach professionals perceived. These factors may warrant special consideration in efforts to make outreach meaningful to local contexts, along with framing climate change within its broader relationship to other farming system aspects. Interdisciplinary teams may be helpful in developing outreach approaches that fully contextualize climate change within farmers’ complex whole-farm management perspectives.