bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on knowledge, attitude and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the non-COVID-19 patients at Outpatient Department in a Teaching Hospital, Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: P. W. Hathurusinghe H. M. , Suganthan Navaneethakrishnan , Sujanitha Vathulan , Rajeshkannan Nadarajah 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people all over the world and Sri Lanka is not an exception for the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). As there are no effective therapeutic agents at present and newly developed vaccines are not freely available for many countries, preventive measures such as handwashing, social distancing, and respiratory etiquette are key to control of spread. The effective implementation of these measures depends on public knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 and adherence to key practices.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 500 non-COVID-19 patients who attended the Outpatient Department (OPD) of the Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire and analysis was performed by using SPSS 26.

Results:
The majority were females (67.8%) and the mean age of the participants was 36.9 (range: 15–85). Most of the participants were homemakers. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (44.4%: 40.1–48.8) showed a suboptimal knowledge score regarding COVID-19. The males, age above 65, were significantly associated with low knowledge score (P < 0.05). Similarly, a significant proportion (36.4%: 32.3–40.7) showed a suboptimal attitude score but the majority of the participants have adopted positive behaviours such as frequently washing hands (88.4%) and wearing masks in appropriate places (91.6%). The major sources for information regarding COVID-19 among the participants were the news media (54.0%) followed by social media (23.2%).

Conclusion:
As a significant proportion of the participants showed a poor knowledge score and gaps in specific aspects related to COVID-19, the primary care physicians have a significant role to play to improve community knowledge by educating specific groups such as the males and elderly by using appropriate news media and social media platforms.
Childhood obesity and its relation with dietary habits among children in Aseer region, Southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: M. Mustafa Alam Eldin , A. Assery Abeer Ayed , A. Asiri Fatimah Mohammed , Alfarhan Nojoud M. , Alqarni Afnan M. , S. Alqahtani Fatimah Muslih 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The rate of obesity in children is rising and it has become a growing epidemic worldwide; Childhood obesity is related to the high risk of obesity later in adult life. In the last 30 years the prevalence childhood obesity more than tripled. Overweight in paediatric population is suggested to be related to many cardio-metabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia and 70% obese children had first cardiovascular disease risk factor and 30% had second or more.

Aim:
To estimate the prevalence and correlates of obesity among children in Aseer region.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the schools of Abha and Khamis Mushayet Cities; Aseer region during the period from January to December 2019. The respondents were any of the parents of the child. After having permission from the school authority, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a total of 300 children, with explanations about the questionnaire by the principal investigator and class teacher.

Results:
The study included 300 students with ages that ranged from 1 year up to 17 years and mean age was 8.6 years old. Exact of 55.3% of the students were males and 32% were at preschool age while 43.7% were at the primary level of education. Students’ body mass index (BMI) distribution demonstrated that more than half of the children had overweight or obesity and 16.7% were with underweight. There was a significant relation between obesity among the children and some of their dietary habits including sweets, chocolate and fast food.

Conclusions and Recommendations:
In conclusion, the study revealed that nearly one-third of the children in the study group were overweight or obese with obesity more prevalent. Obesity was more recorded among old-aged children who frequently had unhealthy food. Improving the children lifestyle and dietary habits is mandatory to work against weight gain.
The outlook of doctors toward telemedicine
Authors: Singh Alok , Sahoo Ajaya K. , Dhaneria Suryaprakash , Gupta Dhyuti 
Published: November 2021

Background:
In an underdeveloped country like India where there are varied constraints in accessing healthcare, telemedicine can prove to be instrumental in providing access to the scant medical resources and infrastructures. The irony lies in its underutilization, which is multifactorial.

Objective:
The present research was planned to evaluate the level of awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward telemedicine among the faculty members of tertiary-care teaching centers in Chhattisgarh, India.

Methods:
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect appropriate data, which were utilized for analysis as well as various intergroup analyses (among different designations, age groups, sex, and worksite). The data have been presented as median and percentage, while for intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney Test was performed.

Results:
Among the 115 respondents, only 34% were females. The mean age was around 40.7 years, and 58% were <40 years of age. Their median scores of awareness, knowledge, and attitude were estimated to be 06, 14, and +9, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in the awareness, knowledge, and attitude among the faculty members belonging to different designations, age groups, and worksites.

Conclusions:
Though, in general, the faculty members have demonstrated a favorable attitude toward the use of telemedicine yet most of them scored below the median mark. Furthermore, the estimated level of knowledge and awareness was also mediocre.
Prevalence and knowledge of hepatitis B infection in pregnant women in a primary health center of Patna district, Bihar
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Lohani Pallavi , Roy Ria , Bhar Ditipriya , Ranjan Alok , Kumar Pragya , Singh C. M. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
There is a risk of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to the newborn through perinatal transmission from a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mother that can later cause liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study was undertaken in a primary health center (PHC) in the Patna district to determine the prevalence of HBV among pregnant women and assess their knowledge across different characteristics.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was done among 275 pregnant women attending the PHC for the first time, using consecutive sampling. The study duration was 12 months. Socioeconomic, obstetric, risk history, and levels of knowledge about hepatitis B were collected followed by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for serum HBsAg. Univariate analysis was used to compare the knowledge levels across different background characteristics. The significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Hepatitis B-positive pregnant women were 0.4%. Out of the 275 participants, only 43 had heard about hepatitis B. The mean knowledge score was 0.65 (±1.73) with 1.45% having adequate knowledge. The knowledge score was significant across education (P 0.040), category (P 0.022), hepatitis B immunization status (P 0.003), and risk factor (P 0.039).

Conclusion:
Knowledge was higher in the literate women belonging to the general category and higher social class, who received hepatitis B vaccination. However, the overall level of knowledge among the pregnant women was very poor, so they should be targeted for quality health education. Additionally, identifying the afflicted pregnant women through point-of-contact diagnosis will aid in community prevention of chronic hepatitis B.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents patients received at 2 intensive care units in Saudi Arabia—A cross-sectional study
Authors: AbdelRazik Mohamed , Alquwaiz Ibrahim Abdulrahman , Khojah Abdulaziz Abdulrahman , Alshahrani Abdullah Yahya , Aldakkan Osamah Zeid , Alhumaydani Naif Khalid , Alqahtani Faisal Turki 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) lead to major trauma, which is the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical epidemiological profiles of the patients received in intensive care units (ICU) with road traffic injuries (RTIs).

Methods:
The study, which included 300 patients, was conducted at emergency departments and two reference ICUs in Saudi Arabia. The patients were of varying ages and genders from different demographic backgrounds with different modes of injuries, varying degrees of shock, and multiple types of injury. Study variables included demographics, clinical presentations, and the types of fractures and lacerations.

Results:
Most of our study population was male (n = 273; 91%). Car accidents were found to be the prevalent cause of injury (n = 267; 89.0% cases). Only 21.7% of the study population (n = 65) needed ICU admission compared to non-ICU patients (n = 235; 78.3%). Injuries to the chest (P = 0.0001), abdomen (P = 0.0001), upper limbs (P = 0.022), and spine (P = 0.001) significantly contributed to ICU admissions.

Conclusion:
The burden on ICUs due to RTIs can be reduced in Saudi Arabia by adopting strict preventive measures against RTAs.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical, Cytological and Microbiological Profile in Abdominal vs. Cervical Lymph Nodal Tuberculosis with Special Emphasis on Utility of Auramine-O Staining
Authors: Gulati Harveen K. , Mawlong Michael , Agarwal Arushi , Ranee Karen R. 
Published: November 2021

Context:
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) especially abdominal lymph nodal tuberculosis (LNTB) poses a unique diagnostic challenge. The clinical, cytological, and microbiological profiles, especially with respect to the use and role of Auramine –O (AO) stain, are not as well characterized in abdominal LNTB as cervical LNTB and were evaluated in the present comparative study.

Subjects and Methods:
This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital in Shillong, Meghalaya in 540 clinical suspected cases of tuberculosis who underwent FNAC. The smears were submitted for Leishman's stain for cytological analysis, along with ZN and Auramine O stain for demonstration of the organism, analyzed, and scored and the results were compared with culture wherever available. The results from abdominal and cervical lymph nodal tuberculosis were compared using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.

Results:
Out of 540 cases, most were tuberculosis (266) followed by reactive lymphadenitis (162), malignancy, and acute necrotizing lesion. On comparing, abdominal lymph nodes (n = 163) were more likely to reveal cheesy/purulent material macroscopically, necrotizing lymphadenitis along with ZN stain and Auramine positivity (P < 0.05) while cervical lymph nodes (n = 66) revealed a higher proportion of granulomatous lymphadenitis and culture positivity (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of AO stain (85.9%, 48.0%, and 62.3%) were higher as compared to ZN stain (47.4%, 39.3%, and 51.9%) with culture as the gold standard. The combined sensitivity of Ziehl Neelsen stain and Auramine stain was 92.05%.

Conclusion:
Cytological and microbiologic features of abdominal LNTB differ from cervical LNTB. Moreover, AO stain increases the smear positivity, is almost twice as sensitive as ZN stain and should be used as an adjunct in cytological material wherever available.
Influence of phosphorus diffusion modes on the formation
of defects in an oxide
Authors: Vil’dyaeva Mariya , Makarova Elina , Klimanov Evgenii , Lyalikov Aleksei , Malygin Vladislav 
Published: November 2021

Using optical microscopy, SEM, atomic force microscope and profilometer, the shape, size and impurity composition of local defects occurring in the silicon dioxide layer during phosphorus
diffusion were determined. The reason for the formation of defects in the passivating oxide during phosphorus diffusion is the local melting of SiO2 in interaction with liquid drops of
phosphoric-silicate glass. A decrease in the temperature of the phosphorus deposition process and the concentration of POCL3 in the gas stream leads to a decrease in the density of oxide
defects.
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Kristen Terhadap Anak Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Kemajuan Zaman
Authors: Purba Asmat , Nainggolan Alon Mandimpu 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola asuh orang tua Kristen terhadap anak dalam menghadapi tantangan kemajuan zaman, sehingga melalui penulisan artikel ini dapat memberikan gambaran kepada orang tua agar mereka memiliki pola asuh yang baik dan menjadi orang tua yang berperan sebagai guru yang patut diteladani oleh anak-anaknya. Untuk mewujudkan penelitian ini, maka penulis memilih metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan. Melalui penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa zaman dimana kita hidup saat ini akan terus mengalami perubahan dan perkembangan, namun moral dan keimanan manusia semakin menurun. Perubahan atau perkembangan yang paling tren masa kini ialah perkembangan teknologi seperti smartphone. Orang tua adalah guru dalam keluarga yang seyogianya memiliki pola asuh yang baik agar dapat mengantisipasi dan menghadapi tantangan kemajuan zaman yang sedang berkembang saat ini agar anak-anak tetap berkembang secara utuh dalam rasa takut akan Tuhan dan mencintai gereja-Nya. Kemajuan zaman dapat berdampak buruk (negatif) bagi anak-anak jikalau orang tua tidak menerapkan pola asuh yang baik terhadap anak, dan sebaliknya dapat juga berdampak baik (positif) apabila orang tua mendemonstrasikan pola asuh yang baik terhadap anak. Lebih mudah menjadi guru bagi anak sendiri daripada menjadi guru bagi orang lain. Dalam praktiknya orang tua Kristen dapat menerapkan sepuluh usulan rancang bangun pendidikan rohani anak oleh orang tua untuk menghadapi kemajuan (tren) zaman di abad ke-21.
Studi Eksposisi Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Ulangan 6:4-9
Authors: Simanjuntak Ferry , Kurniawan Henry 
Published: November 2021

Fenomena yang dapat dijumpai dalam pengasuhan anak di dalam keluarga adalah adanya “mata rantai” pengasuhan yang buruk dari generasi ke generasi, yang disebabkan karena orang tua gagal dalam mengasuh dan mendidik anak. Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif studi pustaka menemukan adanya “mata rantai” tujuh kesenjangan yang terjadi pada pengasuhan anak yang menyebabkan kegagalan orang tua dalam mengasuh dan mendidik anak. Kemudian melalui studi eksposisi berdasarkan Ulangan 6:4-9 yang mengandung prinsip pengasuhan alkitabiah, ditemukan bahwa “mata rantai” tujuh kesenjangan pengasuhan orang tua itu disebabkan karena orang tua tidak hidup dengan komitmen rohani.
Relato de experiência do “PEPCiências” durante a Pandemia de COVID-19: considerações sobre as oficinas remotas
Authors: Alfradique Paula Pereira , Coelho Francisco José Figueiredo , Tamiasso-Martinhon Priscila , De Sousa Célia 
Published: November 2021

Ter acesso ao conhecimento científico é um direito de todos. Por isso, estratégias de ensino que estimulem a divulgação da ciência por caminhos mais acessíveis e participativos torna-se pertinente. Nessa linha, o Projeto de Educação Popular em Ciências - PEPCiências, se faz presente em escolas da Educação Básica da Rede Pública de Ensino do Rio de Janeiro, desde 2018. No presente trabalho serão apresentadas considerações sobre a III Semana de Ciência e Tecnologia (III SCT), uma das ações integrante do projeto, realizado no Colégio Estadual Professora Antonieta Palmeira, localizado no bairro do Colubandê, São Gonçalo, RJ. A ação, concebida de forma presencial nas edições anteriores, foi adaptada ao modo remoto, sendo aberta aos egressos e demais membros da comunidade escolar. A metodologia empregada para a elaboração das oficinas objetivou estreitar o vínculo entre cientistas e discentes da Educação Básica. Ao final da III SCT foi realizado um feedback do evento, avaliando com os monitores potencialidades e limitações da iniciativa remota. A partir do registro documentado desse feedback, foram evidenciados distintos achados, entre eles o potencial da aprendizagem em colaboração e a troca de experiências e as vivências que aconteceram entre oficineiros e participantes. O PEPCiências tem se revelado como ação estimuladora do protagonismo juvenil e de novas práticas educativas para o ensino das ciências.
A diffusive SEIR model for community transmission of Covid-19 epidemics: application to Brazil
Authors: Fitzgibbon William E. , Morgan Jeffrey J. , Webb Glenn F. , Wu Yixiang 
Published: November 2021

A mathematical model incorporating diffusion is developed to describe the spatial spread of COVID-19 epidemics in geographical regions. The dynamics of the spatial spread are based on community transmission of the virus. The model is applied to the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil.
Study of Instructional Management and Institutional Effectiveness in Relation to Age and Experience of School Principals
Authors: Kauts Deepa Sikand , Kauts Amit , Dang Supriya 
Published: November 2021

The present investigation intends to assess instructional management and institutional effectiveness concerning the age and experience of school principals. The sample comprised twenty schools of Jalandhar and Kapurthala. The researchers used Hallinger’s Instructional Management Rating Scale and a self-prepared Institutional Effectiveness Rating Scale for the investigation. The result of the study reveals that in schools with younger principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour on coordinating the curriculum, protecting instruction time and developing academic standards of instructional management than teachers in schools with older principals. In schools with more experienced principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour concerning instructional management on co-ordinating the curriculum, protecting instruction time, providing incentives for teachers, protecting professional development, developing academic standards, and providing instructions for learning than the teachers in schools with less experience. In schools with older and more experienced principals, teachers exhibit better behaviour on supervising and evaluating instruction dimension of instructional leadership than the teachers in schools with older and less experience, younger and more experienced and younger and less experienced principals. There is no significant difference in the institutional effectiveness of schools with young and old aged principals. There is no significant difference in institutional effectiveness of schools with more and less experienced principals.
IMPACT OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS ON ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM
Authors: El Houcine RIM 
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the financial crisis effect on French companies accounting conservatism. The study is conducted on a sample of 120 French firms, observed from the year 2005 to 2009. We used the Basu model (1997) to test the effect of the financial crisis on the level of accounting conservatism pre-crisis (2005-2007) and during the crisis (2008-2009).
The results showed that companies during the crisis period are not conservative. Managers will tend to be more aggressive by reporting the good news and delaying the recognition of the bad. The effect of the financial crisis is still an important topic to study. In that regard, this study is important. It contributes to the understanding of the relationship between accounting conservatism and financial crisis.
The main limitation of the present study is that it limited to the effects in Frensh listed companies.
Will to Power: Nietzsche's Transcendental Idealism
Authors: Bailey Tom 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article argues that in Beyond Good and Evil (BGE) Nietzsche defends “will to power” as a transcendentally ideal condition of objectivity, in the sense in which Kant considers, say, space, time, or the concepts of substance and causation to be such conditions. The article shows how Nietzsche's engagement with the transcendental idealist arguments of his Kantian contemporaries leads him to reject naturalism and to adopt a peculiarly transcendental kind of skepticism, which rejects as unjustified the conditions that would make objectivity possible. The article then turns to the argument for “will to power” in BGE 36, showing that it is best read as defending a transcendentally ideal condition of objectivity, and thus as responding to transcendental skepticism. The article concludes by elaborating on this understanding of “will to power,” particularly in relation to the sense of causality that Nietzsche invokes and in comparison with Kant's own transcendental claims.
Shaw's Letters to Newspapers
Authors: Reynolds Jean 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Between 1875 and 1950, Bernard Shaw sent frequent letters to British newspapers about a staggering range of topics—everything from international affairs to the metric system. Those letters entertained and enlightened (and sometimes shocked) the British public, who soon learned to look forward to an encounter with the fabled GBS when they sat down with their morning paper. Researchers already know that Shaw's letters are a treasure trove of resource material. In this article, the author suggests another use for them—as a tool for learning more about the language issues that hold so much interest for postmodern philosophers.
Utilização de hipoglicemiantes no controle de diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anacleto Vitória Caroline Gonçalves , Gondim Isadora Oliveira 
Published: November 2021

As plantas medicinais vêm sendo utilizadas através dos milênios como tratamento de feridas e doenças. O uso de Salvia officinalis e Bauhinia forficata no controle da glicose em indivíduos que possuam Diabetes Mellitus tipo II tem sido bastante discutido e pesquisado, já que ambas espécies apresentam resultados positivo ao tratamento desses indivíduos, conseguindo reduzir de forma significativa os níveis de glicose no sangue. Considerando essas especificidades, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) inclui essas plantas, a lista de fitoterápicos ofertados. Esta pesquisa visa analisar a incorporação da Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterapia e a inclusão da Salvia officinalis e Bauhinia forficata no SUS, considerando os benefícios e regulamentação. Os resultados mostram um avanço, com o benéficos e a incorporação da Salvia officinalis e Bauhinia forficata sendo comprovados e a regulamentação apresentando grande grau de detalhamento, vedando o uso indiscriminado. Por tudo isso, conclui-se que esses fitoterápicos têm sido utilizados, retomando saberes tradicionais e trazendo benefícios para além da medicina convencional.