bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurokinin B-Expressing Neurons of the Central Extended Amygdala Mediate Inhibitory Synaptic Input onto Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neuron Subpopulations
Authors: Fujita Akie , Zhong Lily , Antony Monica S. , Chamiec-Case Elizabeth , Mickelsen Laura E. , Kanoski Scott E. , Flynn William F. , Jackson Alexander C. 
Published: October 2021

The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a highly conserved brain region critical for maintaining physiological homeostasis and goal-directed behavior. LHA neurons that express melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are key regulators of arousal, energy balance, and motivated behavior. However, cellular and functional diversity among LHAMCHneurons is not well understood. Previous anatomic and molecular data suggest that LHAMCHneurons may be parsed into at least two distinct subpopulations, one of which is enriched in neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R), the receptor for neurokinin B (NKB), encoded by theTac2gene. This tachykininergic ligand-receptor system has been implicated in reproduction, fear memory, and stress in other brain regions, but NKB interactions with LHAMCHneurons are poorly understood. We first identified how LHAMCHsubpopulations may be distinguished anatomically and electrophysiologically. To dissect functional connectivity between NKB-expressing neurons and LHAMCHneurons, we used Cre-dependent retrograde and anterograde viral tracing in maleTac2-Cre mice and identifiedTac2/EYFP+ neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central nucleus of the amygdala, the central extended amygdala, as major sources of NKB input onto LHAMCHneurons. In addition to innervating the LHA, these limbic forebrain NKB neurons also project to midbrain and brainstem targets. Finally, using a dual-virus approach, we found that optogenetic activation of these inputs in slices evokes GABA release onto a subset of LHAMCHneurons but lacked specificity for the NK3R+ subpopulation. Overall, these data define parallel tachykininergic/GABAergic limbic forebrain projections that are positioned to modulate multiple nodes of homeostatic and behavioral control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe LHA orchestrates fundamental behavioral states in the mammalian hypothalamus, including arousal, energy balance, memory, stress, and motivated behavior. The neuropeptide MCH defines one prominent population of LHA neurons, with multiple roles in the regulation of homeostatic behavior. Outstanding questions remain concerning the upstream inputs that control MCH neurons. We sought to define neurochemically distinct pathways in the mouse brain that may communicate with specific MCH neuron subpopulations using viral-based retrograde and anterograde neural pathway tracing and optogenetics in brain slices. Here, we identify a specific neuropeptide-defined forebrain circuit that makes functional synaptic connections with MCH neuron subpopulations. This work lays the foundation for further manipulating molecularly distinct neural circuits that modulate innate behavioral states.
The association of adiponectin with risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in different subgroups: cluster analysis of a general population in south China
Authors: Gong Xun , You Lili , Li Feng , Chen Qingyu , Chen Chaogang , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiuwei , Xuan Wenting , Sun Kan , Lao Guojuan , Wang Chuan , Li Yan , Xu Mingtong , Ren Meng , Yan Li 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with an important role in glucose metabolism. The present study explored the effect of adiponectin in diverse population groups on pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes.

Methods
A total of 3300 individuals were enrolled and their data were collected in the analyses dataset from December 2018 to October 2019. Cluster analysis was conducted based on age, BMI, waistline, body fat, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin 1c. Cluster analysis divided the participants into four groups: a young-healthy group, an elderly-hypertension group, a high glucose–lipid group, and an obese group. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Compared with the first quartile of adiponectin, the risk of pre-diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 61% (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI (0.20–0.73)) in the young-healthy group; and the risk of diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 85% (aOR = 0.15, 95% CI (0.02–0.67)) in the obese group. There were no significant correlations between the adiponectin level and diabetes/pre-diabetes in the other two groups. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that adiponectin could significantly improve the diagnosis based on models in the young-healthy group (from 0.640 to 0.675) and the obese group (from 0.714 to 0.761).

Conclusions
Increased adiponectin levels were associated with decreased risk of pre-diabetes in the young-healthy population, and with a decreased the risk of diabetes in the obese population. An increased adiponectin level is an independent protective factor for pre-diabetes and diabetes in a specific population in south China.
Insulin resistance and risk of vascular events, interventions and mortality in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Helmink Marga A G , de Vries Marieke , Visseren Frank L J , de Ranitz Wendela L , de Valk Harold W , Westerink Jan 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To identify determinants associated with insulin resistance and to assess the association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular events, vascular interventions and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
One hundred and ninety-five people with type 1 diabetes from the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort were included. Insulin resistance was quantified by the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) with higher eGDR levels indicating higher insulin sensitivity (i.e. lower eGDR levels indicating higher insulin resistance). Linear regression models were used to evaluate determinants associated with eGDR. The effect of eGDR on cardiovascular events, cardiovascular events or vascular interventions (combined endpoint) and on all-cause mortality was analysed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders.

Results
In 195 individuals (median follow-up 12.9 years, IQR 6.7–17.0), a total of 25 cardiovascular events, 26 vascular interventions and 27 deaths were observed. High eGDR as a marker for preserved insulin sensitivity was independently associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.91), a lower risk of cardiovascular events and vascular interventions (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63–0.87) and a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67–0.98).

Conclusions
Insulin resistance as measured by eGDR is an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Modification of insulin resistance by lifestyle interventions or pharmacological treatment could be a viable therapeutic target to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM EGYPTIAN SOIL FOR A LARGE SCALE FERMENTATION IN SUBMERGED CULTURES
Authors: Abdelwahed Nayera A.M. , Awad Hassan M. , Said Ismail G. , Gamal Amira A. , Elsayed Elsayed A. , Hassan Amira A. 
Published: October 2021

Isolation and identification of new microbial isolates capable of producing cholesterol oxidase enzyme (CHO) is of great potential in the field of biotechnology of industrial enzymes. Four producing strains of actinomycetes were isolated from Egyptian soils demonstrated high activity in cholesterol degradation compared to the other isolates. Based on different standard morphological, biochemical as well as molecular techniques using 16S rRNA sequencing, these actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces sp. strain NHIA_CH3 MK680299, Streptomyces sp. strain NHIA_CH5 MK680300 , Streptomyces griseus strain NHIA_CH6 MK680301 and Streptomyces drozdowiczii strain NHIA_CH10 MK680302. In order to optimize the CHO enzyme activity, different fermentation media were tested in submerged cultures at shake flask level. Maximum activity (23.7 U/mL) was observed in culture of Streptomyces sp. strain NHIA_CH5 which was scaled up to the 5L volume of the stirred tank bioreactor. Results of the batch fermentation showed an earlier production of CHO enzyme with 4% increase in activity compared to that obtained from shake flask cultures indicated that Streptomyces sp. strain NHIA_CH5 could be a potential source of CHO enzyme for commercial purpose.
EFFECT OF SOYMILK SUBSTITUTION ON THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF MALTED MAIZE BEVERAGE DRINK
Authors: Akama Friday Ogori , Julius Amove , Tretyak Lyudmila , Kenijz Nadezhda , Mikolaychik Ivan , Morozova Larisa , Hleba Lukas , Shariati Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2021

The effects of substituting soy milk with a malted yellow corn-based beverage were evaluated. The mixture of soy milk and malted yellow corn was formulated. 100% soy milk, 0% malted yellow corn as sample A, 90% soy milk, 10% malted yellow corn as sample B, 80% soy milk, 20% malted yellow corn as sample C, 70% soy milk, 30% malted yellow corn as sample D, and 60% soy milk, 40% malted yellow corn as sample E. The blends were evaluated for proximal, functional, microbial, and sensory attributes and compared with the control made from 100% soy milk using standard methods. The proximal composition of the blend showed that the moisture content of the blended beverage ranged from (80-85.8) %, protein from (3.80-4.28) %, ash content from (1.15-1.80) %, crude fat from (1.63-2.93) %, and carbohydrate from (2.48-13.01) %. Total titratable acidity ranged from (0.030-0.65). The viscosity of the slurry beverage mixture ranged from 1.75 to 11.00. PH values ranged from 5.0 to 9.66. The microbial load ranged from (3.36x104- 5.33x106). For total fungi, sample B has the highest fungal count. There is no significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of fungi in all samples. Similarly, significant differences (p<0.05) existed in the sensory scores of flavor/aroma, texture, taste, and overall acceptability, except (p<0.05) for appearance. All samples were generally acceptable in terms of sensory quality. Malted corn-based beverage replaced with soy milk could be used to alleviate hidden hunger, especially in rural communities.
Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Rothenberg W. Andrew , Lansford Jennifer E. , Bradley Robert H. , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Bizzego Andrea , Esposito Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND
The United Nations (UN) created the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) to monitor progress toward achieving goals of the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection, and Development of Children and its plan of action. The MICS is nationally representative and internationally comparable.

METHODS
In this study, we use MICS data from 51 low- and middle-income countries on 159 959 children between 36 and 59 months of age. To index national development, we used the 2013 UN Human Development Index (HDI), which provides data on country-level life expectancy, education, and income. To index child development, we used the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI), which assesses literacy and numeracy, socioemotional development, physical health, and approaches to learning.

RESULTS
Children’s literacy and numeracy, socioemotional development, and approaches to learning all increase linearly as national development on the HDI (especially education) increases. Overall, the HDI revealed a positive association (r = 0.40) with the ECDI: the HDI explained 16% of variance in children’s ECDI scores and was the most influential predictor of ECDI scores examined. HDI-ECDI relations are robust, even when we control for multiple demographic aspects of children (age, sex), mothers (age, education), and households (size variables) as covariates. No family demographic variable was a stronger predictor of child development than national development.

CONCLUSIONS
To promote child development, low- and middle-income countries need to develop and implement policies that ensure national health and wealth and, particularly, the educational achievements of children’s caregivers. These findings are faithful to the World Summit for Children and inform the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which drive the international development agenda through 2030.
Diagrammatic scale for assessment the severity of Cercospora leaf blight on soybean (Glycine max) leaflets
Authors: Lavilla Miguel , Ivancovich Antonio , Díaz-Paleo Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) caused by Cercospora kikuchii is an endemic soybean crop disease in Argentina. Objective. To develop and validate a scale to quantify the severity of CLB in leaflets of soybean (Glycine max) for the evaluation of foliar fungicides and cultivar trials. Materials and methods. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of CLB on soybean leaflets (Glycine max) was developed. The scale was based on the evaluation of 50 leaflets. The different severity levels of the leaflets were determined according to Weber-Fechner’s stimulus-response law. The proposed scale included severity levels of 1, 4.5, 17.5, 50, 82.2, 95, and 99 %. The validation of the scale was performed by 23 raters (3 experienced and 20 inexperienced) who assessed the severity of CLB on 50 leaflets with and without the use of the scale. Results. The results from the three experienced raters were more precise than those obtained by the inexperienced raters. The scale improved the visual interpretation to assess the severity of CLB for the inexperienced raters, who obtained estimated severity values close to the actual severity values. When the inexperienced raters used the proposed scale to estimate the severity of CLB on leaflets, they were accurate having determination coefficients (R2) between 0.74 and 0.91. According to the absolute errors, the greatest deviation was observed between -2.49 and 2.46. However, these deviations were not significantly different from the population average. To speed the process of cultivar evaluations we also propose the use of scales based on grades. Conclusions. The proposed scale to assess the severity of CLB on leaflets can be used for the assessment of foliar fungicide trials and soybean cultivars. The scale showed specificity for assessing the severity of Cercospora leaf blight (CFB) in soybean leaflets.
The Criminogenic Risks of Irregular Migration in Conditions of Armed Conflict in Ukraine.
Authors: Dixi Revista , Lytvynov Oleksii M. , Orlov Yurii V. , Yashchenko Andrei M. , Yurtayeva Kseniya V. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the paper is to comprehend and examine dimensions of irregular migration, namely its criminogenic, victimological sources and its background influence on criminal processes in conditions of armed conflict in Ukraine.
Results of the study allows us to draw a sound conclusion that irregular migration poses a number of criminogenic risks to Ukrainian national security as well as to the rights and freedoms of Ukrainian citizens, especially of those who remain or arrive to the occupied territories. The research ascertains that criminogenic potential of migration may be viewed from two related perspectives associated with the phenomenon of migrants’ criminality and migrants as potential or real victims of crime. The research outlines the factors providing a favourable environment for engaging irregular migrants into criminal activities. Basing on the recent amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and current criminal statistic the research ascertains the links of ethnic minority criminality and mercenary activities with irregular migration in Ukraine. The research provides arguments that internally displaced persons can be viewed as a contemporary type of intra-state migration that poses additional criminogenic hazards in conditions of the armed conflict in Ukraine.
Practical implications of the study lie in the recommendations for decreasing the risks of irregular migration, in conditions of armed conflict in Ukraine, defined a following: resolving the issue on the legal status of the armed conflict in Eastern regions of Ukraine, as well as recognising Lugansk Public Republic and Donetsk Public Republics terrorist’s organisations on the national level. Reinforcing suppression of all kinds of smuggling, international.
Judicial Control as a Guarantee of Non-Interference in Private Life During the Pretrial Investigation
Authors: Galagan Volodymyr I. , Ablamskyi Serhii Ye. , Udovenko Zhаnnа V. , Ablamska Victoria V. 
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the topical issue of judicial control over non-interference in the private (personal and family) life of participants in criminal proceedings. The study was conducted in the context of the analysis of the practice of the ECHR, the legal positions of which should be consistently applied in criminal proceedings, evidence of this are the legal requirements on this issue. The notion and concept of judicial control is a necessity component that helps in guaranteeing the respect of human dignity and integrity. It is a common and established principle that, during the pre-trial process, it is the position of those ensuring justice in making sure that the life of persons is respected and safeguarded. It is noted that in accordance with the national legislation of Ukraine, judicial control is a separate function of the court's activities at the stage of pre-trial investigation, directly carried out by the investigating judge. The situation will become precarious and detrimental when the private life of persons is not respected to the fullest.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of those ensuring public order during the pre-trial investigation phase in ensuring the respect of the private life of the presumed suspect for the proper implementation of the justice process. In ensuring this right, it is established that the empirical and analytical methods of research are necessary in order to show the effective role played by the European Court of Human Rights in respecting the right to private life during the interrogative phase of inquiry. From the findings, it is seen that, though the Court has played a prominent and pertinent role in the respect of private, the suspect continues in experiencing difficulties when it's private life is at at stake, and it always affects the extent of the justice system.
CircFOXM1 promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis of glioblastoma by regulating the miR-577/E2F5 axis
Authors: Fan Xuhui , Liu Meng , Fei Li , Huang Zhihui , Yan Yufeng 
Published: October 2021

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulator of tumor progression. However, the role of circFOXM1 in glioblastoma (GBM) progression is unclear.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circFOXM1 in GBM progression. The expression levels of circFOXM1, miR-577 and E2F transcription factor 5 (E2F5) were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU staining and transwell assay were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The levels of glutamine, glutamate and α-ketoglutarate were determined to evaluate the glutaminolysis ability of cells. Protein expression was tested by western blot analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were employed to verify the interaction between miR-577 and circFOXM1 or E2F5. Mice xenograft model for GBM was constructed to perform in vivo experiments.
Our results showed that circFOXM1 was highly expressed in GBM tumor tissues and cells. Silencing of circFOXM1 inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, invasion, glutaminolysis, as well as tumor growth. MiR-577 could be sponged by circFOXM1, and its inhibitor could reverse the suppressive effect of circFOXM1 downregulation on GBM progression. E2F5 was a target of miR-577, and the effect of its knockdown on GBM progression was consistent with that of circFOXM1 silencing. CircFOXM1 positively regulated E2F5 expression, while miR-577 negatively regulated E2F5 expression.
In conclusion, our data confirmed that circFOXM1 could serve as a sponge of miR-577 to enhance the progression of GBM by targeting E2F5, which revealed that circFOXM1 might be a biomarker for GBM treatment.
Rozproszone dziedzictwo. Kwestia rewindykacji polskich zasobów archiwalnych
Authors: Krochmal Anna 
Published: October 2021

Polska jest krajem posiadającym jeden z najbardziej rozproszonych zasobów archiwalnych. Wyraźny wpływ na taką sytuację wywarły ważne wydarzenia dziejowe, w tym przede wszystkim katastrofa rozbiorów w końcu XVIII stulecia oraz dwie późniejsze wojny światowe. Począwszy od XVII wieku aż do okresu II wojny światowej trwały grabieże lub przemieszczenia polskich dóbr kultury do państw sąsiadujących z Polską (głównie Rosji i Niemiec).
W artykule ukazano główne etapy postępowań rewindykacyjnych w odniesieniu do materiałów archiwalnych, podejmowanych przez państwo polskie wobec sąsiadów z Europy Wschodniej i Zachodniej. Pierwsze próby restytucji zagrabionych zbiorów miały miejsce już w XVII wieku na podstawie zapisów w traktatach pokojowych w Oliwie (ze Szwecją zawarty w 1660 r.) czy w Andruszowie (rozejm z Rosją w 1667 r.). Pierwszą większą akcją rewindykacyjną, która przyniosła konkretne rezultaty i dotyczyła utraconych dóbr kultury, była realizacja postanowień traktatu ryskiego z 18 marca 1921 r. Podstawowe znaczenie dla spraw archiwalnych miał artykuł XI Traktatu. Przewidywał on zwrot z Rosji radzieckiej wszystkich materiałów wywiezionych z Polski po 1 stycznia 1772 r. Do wykonania tych postanowień powołano Mieszaną Polsko-Sowiecką Komisję Specjalną, z udziałem wybitnych specjalistów (historyków, archiwistów, bibliotekarzy). Efektem ich działań był powrót do 1924 r. 31 wagonów materiałów archiwalnych, w tym archiwów z okresu I Rzeczypospolitej oraz akt wywiezionych przez Rosjan w 1915 r. Na znacznie mniejszą skalę rewindykowano w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej akta z Austrii oraz Niemiec.
Druga fala rewindykacji nastąpiła po 1945 r. Główne materiały odzyskane z Niemiec były efektem tzw. misji Adama Stebelskiego w latach 1946-1949. Archiwalia z ZSRR powracały do Polski dwukrotnie, w latach 1945-1952 oraz 1957-1964. Do dnia dzisiejszego nie odzyskano wielu materiałów źródłowych wywiezionych z Polski do ZSRR lub Niemiec, dlatego rewindykacja pozostaje aktualną i otwartą kwestią w relacjach z tymi państwami.