bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a micronized, nanocrystal fenofibrate formulation in treatment of hyperlipidemia in dogs
Authors: Munro Matthew J. L. , Hulsebosch Sean E. , Marks Stanley L. , Gilor Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSafe, effective, and readily available drug therapies are required for the management of hyperlipidemia and its associated complications in dogs.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of a micronized, nanocrystal formulation of fenofibrate (Tricor) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in dogs.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs with primary (n = 7) and secondary (n = 3) hyperlipidemia. All dogs had hypertriglyceridemia at baseline; 3 dogs also had hypercholesterolemia.MethodsProspective dose‐escalation study. Dogs were treated with fenofibrate orally once daily in up to 3 cycles of 21 days each. Fenofibrate dose was increased at the end of each cycle if hypertriglyceridemia persisted and adverse effects were not documented. Complete blood count, biochemistry, and urine protein:creatinine ratio were collected serially. Baseline (T0) parameters were compared to time of maximal reduction in serum triglyceride concentrations (T1) and reported as median (range).ResultsTriglycerides normalized in all dogs (T0 = 662 mg/dL [189‐2391]; T1 = 113 mg/dL [81‐132];P = .002). Fenofibrate dose at T1 = 6.4 mg/kg PO q24h (range, 2.2‐13.5). T1 was achieved at 3 (n = 4), 6 (n = 4), and 9 (n = 2) weeks. Serum cholesterol concentrations decreased in 9 of 10 dogs. Quiet demeanor and firm stools in 1 dog were the only reported adverse reactions. Fenofibrate administration resulted in a significant reduction in median alkaline phosphatase activity (P = .049).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOver 21 to 63 days, TriCor was effective in the management of primary and secondary hyperlipidemia in dogs.
The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the International Community
Authors: Ghadbian Najib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the problematics of the international community's response to the Syrian refugee crisis: patterns of displacement, including the lack of attention to basic needs, the limited economic opportunities in host countries, the conditions facing Syrian refugee children, the risk involved in migration, and the challenge of adapting to host societies. The article then elucidates the series of failures of the international community to address the causes of this displacement, despite efforts by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international institutions to alleviate suffering. It traces the humanitarian mismanagement to political divisions in the international community, including the failure of Arab states, the Iranian intervention, and the role of the United Nations, Russia and the United States in aggravating the displacement. The article provides policy recommendations for international actors in order to honor their commitments to hosting refugees and addresses the political requirements for a lasting solution.
A case of rheumatoid meningitis with elevated antibody titer indices of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti‐galactose‐deficient IgG antibody
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Haryu Shin‐ya , Kameyama Masayuki , Sato Ken‐ichi , Sasaki Tatsuya , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a rare central nervous system manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A meningeal biopsy is useful for diagnosis but is invasive and not very sensitive. We report about a patient with RM who was diagnosed using indices of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody and anti‐galactose‐deficient IgG antibody (carbohydrate in rheumatoid factor [CARF]) and who had refused to undergo biopsy. The patient's antibody titer indices of anti‐CCP antibody and CARF were 21.01 and 4.44, respectively. The patient's symptoms and abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging improved after steroid therapy. Antibody titer indices of the anti‐CCP antibody and CARF can be used to diagnose RM in cases where biopsy is unavailable.
Phenotypic integration does not constrain phenotypic plasticity: differential plasticity of traits is associated to their integration across environments
Authors: Matesanz Silvia , Blanco‐Sánchez Mario , Ramos‐Muñoz Marina , de la Cruz Marcelino , Benavides Raquel , Escudero Adrián 
Published: June 2021

SummaryUnderstanding constraints to phenotypic plasticity is key given its role on the response of organisms to environmental change. It has been suggested that phenotypic integration, the structure of trait covariation, could limit trait plasticity. However, the relationship between plasticity and integration is far from resolved.Using a database of functional plasticity to drought of a Mediterranean shrub that included 20 ecophysiological traits, we assessed environmentally‐induced changes in phenotypic integration and whether integration constrained the expression of plasticity, accounting for the within‐environment phenotypic variation of traits. Furthermore, we provide the first test of the association between differential trait plasticity and trait integration across an optimum and a stressful environment.Phenotypic plasticity was positively associated with phenotypic integration in both environments, but this relationship was lost when phenotypic variation was considered. The similarity in the plastic response of two traits predicted their integration across environments, with integrated traits having more similar plasticity. Such variation in the plasticity of traits partly explained the lower phenotypic integration found in the stressful environment.We found no evidence that integration may constitute an internal constraint to plasticity. Rather, we present the first empirical demonstration that differences in plastic responses may involve a major reorganization of the relationships among traits, and challenge the notion that stress generally induces a tighter phenotype.
Hallux Valgus Correction Comparing Percutaneous Oblique Osteotomy and Open Chevron Osteotomy at a 2‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Guo Chang‐jun , Li Chun‐guang , Li Xing‐chen , Xu Yang , Cai Ming , Xu Xiang‐yang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the percutaneous oblique osteotomy (POO) and the open chevron osteotomy technique for correction of hallux valgus deformity at a 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing operative correction of hallux valgus using one of two techniques (POOvsopen chevron osteotomy) from 2014 to 2018. Forty eight feet (41 patients) that underwent the POO was compared with 64 feet (58 patients) that underwent open chevron osteotomy. The hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal‐Interphalangeal scores (AOFAS‐HMI) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at the 1, 2‐year follow‐up. The Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at the 2‐year follow‐up. The VAS score was collected preoperatively and on 2 weeks,1 year and 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsBoth groups achieved significant correction of the hallux deformity. The HVA in the POO group during the follow‐up period were 12.5 ± 2.22 and 17.9 ± 9.31, respectively, and in the open chevron group were 14.1 ± 6.78 and 14.8 ± 7.83, respectively. The IMA in the POO group during the follow‐up period were 7.61 ± 1.63 and 6.94 ± 1.53, respectively, and in the open chevron group were 6.89 ± 3.06 and 6.97 ± 2.95, respectively. Postoperative MOXFQ scores in all domains were significantly improved in both groups, however there was no significant difference in the improvement of any domain between POO and open groups at a 2‐year follow‐up. The AOFAS HMI scores in the POO group during the follow‐up period were 86.5 ± 10.7 and 85.2 ± 13.8, respectively, and in the open chevron group were 88.2 ± 10.8 and 79.5 ± 23.7, respectively. The VAS scores in the POO group during the follow‐up period were 2.00 ± 0.98, 2.00 ± 0.99 and 1.55 ± 1.11, respectively, and in the open chevron group were 5.51 ± 1.45, 2.56 ± 2.88 and 2.56 ± 2.88 respectively. The 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐up outcomes between POO and open groups showed no significant difference regarding AOFAS HMI scores and VAS scores, however the POO group showed statistically significant improvement of VAS scores in the postoperative 2 weeks (P< 0.001). There was no statistical significance between the POO and open group in terms of complications rates (8.3%vs12.5%,P= 0.480).ConclusionThe POO technique is reliable and shows a comparable outcome to the open chevron osteotomy. However, the POO technique shows significantly less pain in the first 2 weeks after surgery.
Electroanatomic voltage mapping for tissue characterization beyond arrhythmia definition: A systematic review
Authors: Zoppo Franco , Gagno Giulia , Perazza Luca , Cocciolo Andrea , Mugnai Giacomo , Vaccari Diego , Calzolari Vittorio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction by means of electroanatomic mapping (EAM) systems, allows for the understanding of the mechanism of focal or re‐entrant arrhythmic circuits, which can be identified by means of dynamic (activation and propagation) and static (voltage) color‐coded maps. However, besides this conventional use, EAM may offer helpful anatomical and functional information for tissue characterisation in several clinical settings. Today, data regarding electromechanical myocardial viability, scar detection in ischaemic and nonischaemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricle dysplasia (ARVC/D) definition are mostly consolidated, while emerging results are becoming available in contexts such as Brugada syndrome and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) implant procedures. As part of an invasive procedure, EAM has not yet been widely adopted as a stand‐alone tool in the diagnostic path. We aim to review the data in the current literature regarding the use of 3D EAM systems beyond the definition of arrhythmia.
One‐Pot Highly Efficient Synthesis of N‐Enrich Graphene Quantum Dots as a Photocatalytic Platform for NAD+/NADP+ Reduction
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Yadav Rajesh K. , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Balchand , Singh Ajeet , Pandey Brijesh K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient photocatalytic regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) has been carried out by two‐electron reduction and protonation of NAD+/NADP+, induced by photons in the visible light region. This functional artificial photosynthetic counterpart of the complete energy‐trapping occurring in natural photosystem I (PS I) is achieved with nitrogen‐enrich graphene quantum dot (N‐EGQD) as the light‐harvesting photocatalyst. In buffer aqueous solution, this compound photo catalytically recycles a rhodium hydride complex of the type [Cp*Rh(bpy)H]+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) which can mediate hydride transfer processes leading to nucleotide co‐factor reduction. Very promising yields of 73.31%/78.45% of NADH/NADPH with the excellent thermal stability of N‐EGQD photocatalyst is observed. Thus, in this work, an efficient light‐harvesting photocatalyst is synthesized for the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor that has pharmaceuticals application.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Using Topical and Superhydrophobic Sensitizer Techniques: A Perspective from Diffusion in Biofilms†
Authors: Tonon Caroline Coradi , Ashraf Shoaib , Alburquerque José Quílez , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Hasan Tayyaba , Lyons Alan M. , Greer Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review describes nanoparticle and dye diffusion in bacterial biofilms in the context of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). aPDI requires the diffusion of a photosensitizer (Sens) into the biofilm and subsequent photoactivation of oxygen for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate microbes. Molecular diffusion in biofilms has been long investigated, whereas this review is intended to draw a logical link between diffusion in biofilms and ROS, a combination that leads to the current state of aPDI and superhydrophobic aPDI (SH‐aPDI). This review should be of interest to photochemists, photobiologists and researchers in material and antimicrobial sciences as is ties together conventional aPDI with the emerging subject of SH‐aPDI.
Prognostic effect of coexisting TP53 and ZFHX3 mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Tongyan , Shang Bin , Li Yaqiong , Cao Zhixin , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relationship between TP53 mutation and prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We aimed to identify advanced‐stage NSCLC patients harboring TP53 mutation who would benefit from ICI treatment. Gene mutations and tumor mutational burden (TMB) data of NSCLC patients who received at least one dose of ICI therapy at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 2013 and 2017 were extracted from the cBioPortal online platform. Gene clustering analyses were performed for patients with short and long overall survival (OS). The top ten significantly different mutated genes were identified. Furthermore, we analyzed the different OS of coexisting TP53 and other significantly different mutated genes to identify NSCLC patients with TP53 mutations who would benefit from immunotherapy. A total of 350 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these a total of 219 (62.6%) patients were found to harbor TP53 mutations, whereas 131 (37.4%) had wild‐type TP53. There was no statistically significant difference in OS between TP53 mutated or wild‐type NSCLC patients who underwent ICI treatment. However, coexisting TP53 and ZFHX3 mutations were independent prognostic factors. Higher somatic TMB (highest 20% in each histology) and combination of anti‐CTLA‐4 and anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy were also associated with longer OS in multivariate analysis. Coexisting TP53 and ZFHX3 mutations are independent prognostic factors for advanced‐stage NSCLC patients undergoing ICI treatment. These findings could help identify patients harboring TP53 mutations that would benefit from ICI treatment.
Stable inverse probability weighting estimation for longitudinal studies
Authors: Avagyan Vahe , Vansteelandt Stijn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider estimation of the average effect of time‐varying dichotomous exposure on outcome using inverse probability weighting (IPW) under the assumption that there is no unmeasured confounding of the exposure–outcome association at each time point. Despite the popularity of IPW, its performance is often poor due to instability of the estimated weights. We develop an estimating equation‐based strategy for the nuisance parameters indexing the weights at each time point, aimed at preventing highly volatile weights and ensuring the stability of IPW estimation. Our proposed approach targets the estimation of the counterfactual mean under a chosen treatment regime and requires fitting a separate propensity score model at each time point. We discuss and examine extensions to enable the fitting of marginal structural models using one propensity score model across all time points. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate adequate performance of our approach compared with the maximum likelihood propensity score estimator and the covariate balancing propensity score estimator.
The effect of non‐point‐of‐care haemostasis management protocol implementation in cardiac surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Boxma Reinier P. J. , Garnier Robert P. , Bulte Carolien S. E. , Meesters Michael I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aims to outline the evidence on the implementation of a non‐point‐of‐care (non‐point‐of‐care [POC]) haemostasis management protocol compared to experience‐based practice in adult cardiac surgery.BackgroundManagement of coagulopathy in cardiac surgery is complex and remains highly variable among centres and physicians. Although various guidelines recommend the implementation of a transfusion protocol, the literature on this topic has never been systematically reviewed.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 till May 2020.ResultsA total of seven studies (one randomised controlled trial [RCT], one prospective cohort study, and five retrospective studies) met the inclusion criteria. Among the six non‐randomised, controlled studies, the risk of bias was determined to be serious to critical, and the one RCT was determined to have a high risk of bias. Five studies showed a significant reduction in red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and/or platelet transfusion after the implementation of a structural non‐POC algorithm, ranging from 2% to 28%, 2% to 19.5%, and 7% to17%, respectively. One study found that fewer patients required transfusion of any blood component in the protocol group. Another study had reported a significantly increased transfusion rate of platelet concentrate in the haemostasis algorithm group.ConclusionOwing to the high heterogeneity and a substantial risk of bias of the included studies, no conclusion can be drawn on the additive value of the implementation of a cardiac‐surgery‐specific non‐POC transfusion and haemostasis management algorithm compared to experience‐based practice. To define the exact impact of a transfusion protocol on blood product transfusion, bleeding, and adverse events, well‐designed prospective clinical trials are required.
A Critical Review of Network‐Based and Distributional Approaches to Semantic Memory Structure and Processes
Authors: Kumar Abhilasha A. , Steyvers Mark , Balota David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSome of the earliest work on understanding how concepts are organized in memory used a network‐based approach, where words or concepts are represented as nodes, and relationships between words are represented by links between nodes. Over the past two decades, advances in network science and graph theoretical methods have led to the development of computational semantic networks. This review provides a modern perspective on how computational semantic networks have proven to be useful tools to investigate the structure of semantic memory as well as search and retrieval processes within semantic memory, to ultimately model performance in a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Regarding representation, the review focuses on the distinctions and similarities between network‐based (based on behavioral norms) approaches and more recent distributional (based on natural language corpora) semantic models, and the potential overlap between the two approaches. Capturing the type of relation between concepts appears to be particularly important in this modeling endeavor. Regarding processes, the review focuses on random walk models and the degree to which retrieval processes demand attention in pursuit of given task goals, which dovetails with the type of relation retrieved during tasks. Ultimately, this review provides a critical assessment of how the network perspective can be reconciled with distributional and machine‐learning‐based perspectives to meaning representation, and describes how cognitive network science provides a useful conceptual toolkit to probe both the structure and retrieval processes within semantic memory.
At4g29530 is a phosphoethanolamine phosphatase homologous to PECP1 with a role in flowering time regulation
Authors: Tannert Martin , Balcke Gerd Ulrich , Tissier Alain , Köck Margret 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYPhosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are the most abundant phospholipids in membranes. The biosynthesis of phospholipids occurs mainly via the Kennedy pathway. Recent studies have shown that through this pathway, choline (Cho) moieties are synthesized through the methylation of phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) to phosphocholine (PCho) by phospho‐base N‐methyltransferase. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase1 (PECP1) is described as an enzyme that regulates the synthesis of PCho by decreasing the PEtn level during phosphate starvation to avoid the energy‐consuming methylation step. By homology search, we identified a gene (At4g29530) encoding a putative PECP1 homolog from Arabidopsis with a currently unknown biological function in planta. We found that At4g29530 is not induced by phosphate starvation, and is mainly expressed in leaves and flowers. The analysis of null mutants and overexpression lines revealed that PEtn, rather than PCho, is the substrate in vivo, as in PECP1. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐coupled mass spectrometry analysis of head group metabolites shows an increased PEtn level and decreased ethanolamine level in null mutants. At4g29530 null mutants have an early flowering phenotype, which is corroborated by a higher PC/PE ratio. Furthermore, we found an increased PCho level. The choline level was not changed, so the results corroborate that the PEtn‐dependent pathway is the main route for the generation of Cho moieties. We assume that the PEtn‐hydrolyzing enzyme participates in fine‐tuning the metabolic pathway, and helps prevent the energy‐consuming biosynthesis of PCho through the methylation pathway.
Experimental Investigation of Turbulence Effects on Aerodynamics Noise of Channeled NACA 0012 Airfoil
Authors: Mohammad Hussein K. , Ibraheem Latif , Kilchyk Viktor , Shrestha Bade 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wind power is rapidly growing worldwide as renewable and clean energy of choice due to its competitiveness in cost and technology advancement. However, as the wind turbines grow, the aerodynamic noise generated from the rotating blades is becoming a major concern that limits the use of wind turbines, especially near residential housing areas. Significant low sleep quality has been reported within 2 km of wind turbine locations that is becoming a problem for wider use of wind energy. Generally, continuous exposure to 85–90 dB noise causes permanent hearing loss in humans. To reduce the aerodynamic noise, channeled blades were implemented in this work to damp the airflow turbulence that causes the aerodynamic noise. Samples of different diameter sizes and angles of inclinations with respect to the cord have been tested and compared to a regular unchanneled blade. Noise measurements have been carried out using low-frequency microphones with frequencies ranging between 0 and 10,000 Hz. While turbulence measurements were performed using a hot-wire anemometer. The measured noise around the blades ranged between 20 and 70 dB up to 600 Hz has been proven to be directly related to turbulence intensity. The best low noise blade design was recommended based on noise measurement.