bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of soil organic carbon and soil health indicators to treated wastewater irrigation in bioenergy sorghum production on an arid soil
Authors: Chaganti Vijayasatya N. , Ganjegunte Girisha , Somenahally Anil , Hargrove William L. , Ulery April , Enciso Juan M. , Flynn Robert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTreated urban wastewater (WW) reuse for crop irrigation is seen as an way to mitigate prolonged drought effects and reduced freshwater (FW) availability for agriculture in arid west Texas. However, the impacts of WW on arid soil health are not clearly understood. This field study evaluated the effects of WW irrigation on soil health indicators including soil organic carbon (SOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), mineralizable carbon (MC), and soil protein under bioenergy sorghum production. Water type and gypsum + sulfur application were used as main and subplot factors in a split‐plot experimental design with growth year as a repeated measure. Results across time and soil amendments showed that the SOC of WW‐irrigated soils (3.26 g kg−1) was significantly higher than that of FW‐irrigated soils (2.96 g kg−1). This signifies the positive impact of WW to contribute to soil carbon with no associated priming effects. Wastewater and soil amendment application by themselves did not affect other soil health indicators, given their soil salinization potential. Irrespective of the water type and amendment application, soil POXC significantly increased from 245 to 262 mg kg−1 over time, indicating that a labile pool of C was added to the soil. Soil protein concentrations significantly decreased from 1.31 to 1.23 g kg−1 after 2 years, possibly due to mineralization of organic nitrogen. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that WW application did not adversely affect soil health in the short term. Long‐term studies could provide more insight into the sustained effects of WW irrigation on arid soil health.
Assessment of narcotic use in management of post‐op pain after functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Gill Kurren S. , Chitguppi Chandala , Haggerty Michelle , Khoury Tawfiq , Fastenberg Judd , Nyquist Gurston , Toskala Elina , Rosen Marc , Rabinowitz Mindy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesPain and analgesic requirements after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) vary widely. This study aims to quantify pain after routine FESS and determine the most commonly used pain management regimen.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 100 patients who underwent FESS from Oct 2017 to May 2019. Patients prospectively completed a daily pain diary and reported pain levels that were categorized into no pain (0), mild (1‐3), moderate (4‐7), or severe (8‐10). Patients were categorized into narcotics, non‐narcotics, combination, or none based on type of analgesic used.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were included. Majority of patients reported either mild (39%) or no pain (28%) during the first 5 PODs. Mean POD1 pain score was 3.98, which decreased with each subsequent POD. On POD1, 37% used opioids (n = 37), 32% used non‐opioids (n = 32), 22% used a combination (n = 22), and 9% used no pain meds (n = 9). Mean number of narcotic pills used within the first 5 PODs was 2 pills on any given day. Age was inversely associated with reported POD1 pain scores (P = .003) and use of preoperative steroids in patients with sinonasal polyposis was associated with lower POD1 pain scores (P = .03).ConclusionsEven on POD1, majority of patients experienced either mild or no pain, and this decreases with each POD. Narcotics are grossly overprescribed and underutilized by patients postoperatively after FESS. We advocate for more judicious prescribing habits of narcotics by Otolaryngologists after FESS, and emphasize relying on non‐narcotic alternatives like Acetaminophen or NSAIDS to diminish narcotic use and abuse in the postoperative period.Level of Evidence4.
Automated Extraction of Skin Wound Healing Biomarkers From In Vivo Label‐Free Multiphoton Microscopy Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jones Jake D. , Rodriguez Marcos R. , Quinn Kyle P. 
Published: January 2021

Background and ObjectivesHistological analysis is a gold standard technique for studying impaired skin wound healing. Label‐free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can provide natural image contrast similar to histological sections and quantitative metabolic information using NADH and FAD autofluorescence. However, MPM analysis requires time‐intensive manual segmentation of specific wound tissue regions limiting the practicality and usage of the technology for monitoring wounds. The goal of this study was to train a series of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to segment MPM images of skin wounds to automate image processing and quantification of wound geometry and metabolism.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwo CNNs with a 4‐layer U‐Net architecture were trained to segment unstained skin wound tissue sections and in vivo z‐stacks of the wound edge. The wound section CNN used 380 distinct MPM images while the in vivo CNN used 5,848 with both image sets being randomly distributed to training, validation, and test sets following a 70%, 20%, and 10% split. The accuracy of each network was evaluated on the test set of images, and the effectiveness of automated measurement of wound geometry and optical redox ratio were compared with hand traced outputs of six unstained wound sections and 69 wound edge z‐stacks from eight mice.ResultsThe MPM wound section CNN had an overall accuracy of 92.83%. Measurements of epidermal/dermal thickness, wound depth, wound width, and % re‐epithelialization were within 10% error when evaluated on six full wound sections from days 3, 5, and 10 post‐wounding that were not included in the training set. The in vivo wound z‐stack CNN had an overall accuracy of 89.66% and was able to isolate the wound edge epithelium in z‐stacks from eight mice across post‐wound time points to quantify the optical redox ratio within 5% of what was recorded by manual segmentations.ConclusionThe CNNs trained and presented in this study can accurately segment MPM imaged wound sections and in vivo z‐stacks to enable automated and rapid calculation of wound geometry and metabolism. Although MPM is a noninvasive imaging modality well suited to imaging living wound tissue, its use has been limited by time‐intensive user segmentation. The use of CNNs for automated image segmentation demonstrate that it is possible for MPM to deliver near real‐time quantitative readouts of tissue structure and function. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Dual‐Responsive Self‐Healable Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Based on Dynamic Diels–Alder “Click Chemistry” and Disulfide Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Sarkar Shrabana , Banerjee Sovan Lal , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroduction of the self‐healing property in the commercially available elastomers promotes the development of high‐end elastomeric products with an extended lifespan. Herein, a smart functionalized carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) is prepared based on dynamic phototriggered disulfide metathesis and thermoreversible Diels–Alder (DA) “click chemistry.” In this case, the XNBR is functionalized with furfuryl amine (FA) followed by crosslinking with a dual functional crosslinker having a maleimide as well as a disulfide functionality for participating in the DA reaction and to induce the UV‐triggered disulfide metathesis reaction, respectively. The self‐healing properties are studied by thermal, mechanical, and microscopy analyses. The crosslinked materials present an impressive self‐healing efficiency of ≈88% and a tensile strength of ≈10 MPa without affecting its oil‐resistance property whereas pristine XNBR and furfuryl‐functionalized XNBR (FXNBR) show tensile strengths only 0.4 and 0.6 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the crosslinked rubber is demonstrated to be recyclable, without much loss of its mechanical properties. In a nutshell, the use of this smart dual pathway of self‐healing can pave a new direction in sustainable development in NBR elastomers.
Disease Onset in Huntington's Disease: When Is the Conversion?
Authors: Oosterloo Mayke , de Greef Bianca T.A. , Bijlsma Emilia K. , Durr Alexandra , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Estevez‐Fraga Carlos , de Die‐Smulders Christine E.M. , Roos Raymund A.C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDetermination of disease onset in Huntington's disease is made by clinical experience. The diagnostic confidence level is an assessment regarding the certainty about the clinical diagnosis based on motor signs. A level of 4 means the rater has ≥99% confidence motor abnormalities are unequivocal signs of disease. However, it does not state which motor abnormalities are signs of disease and how many must be present.ObjectiveOur aim is to explore how accurate the diagnostic confidence level is in estimating disease onset using the Enroll‐HD data set. For clinical disease onset we use a cut‐off total motor score >5 of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. This score is used in the TRACK‐HD study, with ≤5 indicating no substantial motor signs in premanifests.MethodsAt baseline premanifest participants who converted to manifest (converters) and non‐converters were compared for clinical symptoms and diagnostic confidence level. Clinical symptoms and diagnostic confidence levels were longitudinally displayed in converters.ResultsOf 3731 eligible participants, 455 were converters and 3276 non‐converters. Baseline diagnostic confidence levels were significantly higher in converters compared to non‐converters (P < 0.001). 232 (51%) converters displayed a baseline motor score >5 (mean = 6.7). Converters had significantly more baseline clinical symptoms, and higher disease burden compared to non‐converters (P < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence level before disease onset ranged between 1 and 3 in converters.ConclusionsAccording to this data the diagnostic confidence level is not an accurate instrument to determine phenoconversion. With trials evaluating disease modifying therapies it is important to develop more reliable diagnostic criteria.
Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ravanidis Stylianos , Bougea Anastasia , Karampatsi Dimitra , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Maniati Matina , Stefanis Leonidas , Doxakis Epaminondas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNew noninvasive and affordable molecular approaches that will complement current practices and increase the accuracy of Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis are urgently needed. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable noncoding RNAs that accumulate with aging in neurons and are increasingly shown to regulate all aspects of neuronal development and function.ObjectivesΤhe aims of this study were to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in blood mononuclear cells of patients with idiopathic PD and explore the competing endogenous RNA networks affected.MethodsEighty‐seven circRNAs were initially selected based on relatively high gene expression in the human brain. More than half of these were readily detectable in blood mononuclear cells using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Comparative expression analysis was then performed in blood mononuclear cells from 60 control subjects and 60 idiopathic subjects with PD.ResultsSix circRNAs were significantly down‐regulated in patients with PD. The classifier that best distinguished PD consisted of four circRNAs with an area under the curve of 0.84. Cross‐linking immunoprecipitation‐sequencing data revealed that the RNA‐binding proteins bound by most of the deregulated circRNAs include the neurodegeneration‐associated FUS, TDP43, FMR1, and ATXN2. MicroRNAs predicted to be sequestered by most deregulated circRNAs have the Gene Ontology categories “protein modification” and “transcription factor activity” mostly enriched.ConclusionsThis is the first study that identifies specific circRNAs that may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for PD. Because they are highly expressed in the brain and are derived from genes with essential brain functions, they may also hint on the PD pathways affected. © 2021 Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness phenotypic variability in a patient with an inherited GJB2 frameshift variant and novel missense variant
Authors: Bedoukian Emma C. , Rentas Stefan , Skraban Cara , Shao Qing , Treat James , Laird Dale W. , Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundVariants in the GJB2 gene encoding the gap junction protein connexin‐26 (Cx26) can cause autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss or a variety of phenotypically variable autosomal dominant disorders that effect skin and hearing, such as palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with deafness and keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness (KID) syndrome. Here, we report a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hyperkeratosis with resorption of the finger tips, profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and normal hair and ocular examination. Exome analysis identified a novel missense variant in GJB2 (NM_004004.5:c.101T>A, p.Met34Lys) that was inherited from a mosaic unaffected parent in the setting of a well‐reported GJB2 loss of function variant (NM_004004.5:c.35delG, p.Gly12Valfs*2) on the other allele.MethodRat epidermal keratinocytes were transfected with cDNA encoding wildtype Cx26 and/or the Met34Lys mutant of Cx26. Fixed cells were immunolabeled in order to assess the subcellular location of the Cx26 mutant and cell images were captured.ResultsExpression in rat epidermal keratinocytes revealed that the Met34Lys mutant was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, unlike wildtype Cx26, and failed to reach the plasma membrane to form gap junctions. Additionally, the Met34Lys mutant acted dominantly to wildtype Cx26, restricting its delivery to the cell surface.ConclusionOverall, we show the p.Met34Lys variant is a novel dominant acting variant causing PPK with deafness. The presence of a loss a function variant on the other allele creates a more severe clinical phenotype, with some features reminiscent of KID syndrome.
Gambling disorder in the context of outpatient counselling and treatment: Background and design of a prospective German cohort study
Authors: Schwarzkopf Larissa , Loy Johanna K. , Braun‐Michl Barbara , Grüne Bettina , Sleczka Pawel , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe prospective naturalistic study ‘Katamnese‐Studie’ conducted between 2014 and 2019 gathers evidence on the course of gambling disorder in German routine outpatient addiction care. This study elucidates design and methodological advantages and caveats of the study.MethodsParticipants of the multi‐centre cohort received written questionnaires at admission and at 6‐, 12‐, 24‐ and 36‐month follow‐up to assess socio‐demographic data, gambling behaviour, gambling‐related consequences and care offers sought. Subsequently, self‐reports were linked to client‐individual routine documentation for the German Addiction Care Statistical Service. Furthermore, employees of participating outpatient addiction care facilities were surveyed regarding experiences with and attitudes towards gambling disorder. Multivariate longitudinal regression models will portray changes in the severity of gambling disorder and gambling behaviour and explore associated client‐ and care‐related factors.ConclusionThe ‘Katamnese‐Studie’ covers the whole spectrum of outpatient gambling care. Keeping the design‐related caveats in mind (reliability of self‐reports, loss‐to‐follow‐up and issues regarding causal inference), the study is anticipated to draw a comprehensive picture of routine outpatient gambling care and key factors related to sustained remission. In the medium term, this information might support the development and subpopulation‐specific adaptation of recommendations on how to structure process and content of outpatient gambling care.
Efficient J‐oriented tin basis sets for the correlated calculations of indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling constants
Authors: Rusakov Yuriy Yu , Rusakova Irina L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew J‐oriented tin basis sets, acvXz‐J (X = 2, 3, 4), have been developed at the level of the second‐order polarization propagator approximation with the coupled‐cluster single and double amplitudes, SOPPA (CCSD), for the purpose of correlated calculations of indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling constants involving tin nucleus. High‐quality coupled‐cluster calculations of several tin‐proton and tin‐carbon spin–spin coupling constants, performed with one of the newly developed basis sets, namely, the acv3z‐J, taking into account relativistic, solvent, and vibrational corrections showed that the acv3z‐J basis set is capable to provide reliable results, as compared with the experimental data.
Elastomer coils for wearable MR detection
Authors: Port Andreas , Luechinger Roger , Brunner David O. , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo explore the use of conductive elastomer for MR signal detection and the utility of this approach for wearable detector arrays.MethodsAn elastomer filled with silver microparticles was used to form stretchable radiofrequency coils for MR detection. Their electrical performance in terms of the Qunloaded and Q ratio was assessed in the relaxed state and under repeated strain up to 40%. In a phantom imaging study, the signal‐to‐noise ratio yield of conductive elastomer coils was compared with that of a reference copper coil. Four elastomer coils were integrated with a stretchable textile substrate to form a wearable array for knee imaging. The array was employed for multiple‐angle and kinematic knee imaging in vivo.ResultsThe elastomer coils proved highly stretchable and mechanically robust. Upon repeated stretching by 20%, a medium‐sized coil element settled at Qunloaded of 42 in the relaxed state and 32 at full strain, reflecting sample‐noise dominance. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of elastomer coils was found to be 8% to 16% lower than that achieved with a conventional copper coil. Multiple‐angle and kinematic knee imaging with the wearable array yielded high‐quality results indicating robustness of detection performance against stretching and warping of the array.ConclusionConductive elastomer is a viable material for MR detection. Coils made from this material reconcile high stretchability and adequate electrical performance with ease of manufacturing. Conductive elastomer also offers inherent restoring forces and is readily washable and sanitizable, making it an excellent basis of wearable detector front ends.
Vertically aligned Co3O4 nanorods as a platform for inverted all‐oxide heterojunctions
Authors: Gilzad Kohan Mojtaba , Solomon Getachew , You Shujie , Yusupov Khabib , Concina Isabella , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDirect stacking of n‐type and p‐type metal oxide (MOx) semiconductors is one of the appealing directions toward low cost and environmentally friendly photovoltaics (PVs). However, the main shortcoming, hindering the PV performance of MOx heterojunction devices is attributed to the tradeoff between light absorption and maximized carrier extraction in p‐type MOx. In this work, we demonstrate that the nanorod (NR) geometry of Co3O4 light absorber with a nearly ideal bandgap of ∼1.48 eV, can remove this hurdle through strong internal light trapping of adjacent one‐dimensional (1D) structure and enhanced carrier mobility. The inverted n‐on‐p configuration of the core‐shell 1D heterojunction, obtained by depositing a thin TiO2 n‐type layer, resulted in enlarged charge generation compared to the typical p‐on‐n counterpart device. Fine‐tuning of Co3O4 NRs length, permits PV investigation of the heterojunctions with respect to absorber layers thickness. The optimized Co3O4 NRs/TiO2 heterojunction (30 nm Co3O4 NR length) presented a record high open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of (0.52 ± 0.03) V under 1 sun irradiation. Impedance analysis of the heterojunctions, indicates formation of the p+‐p depletion. The presented work can highlight some vital venues to enhance photoconversion efficiency of the all‐oxide heterojunctions while introducing a pioneer contender as inverted (n‐on‐p) MOx heterojunction.
A Lagrangean relaxation approach to lifetime maximization of directional sensor networks
Authors: Astorino Annabella , Gaudioso Manlio , Miglionico Giovanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider the directional sensor network lifetime maximization problem (DSLMP). Given a set of directional sensor and target locations, the problem consists in assigning, at each time unit of a given time horizon, the action radius, the aperture angle, and the orientation direction to all sensors. The objective is to maximize the number of time units when all targets are covered, under certain constraints on sensor available energy. We present a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation and tackle it by Lagrangean decomposition and subgradient optimization. The algorithm is equipped with a repairing heuristics aimed at finding good‐quality feasible solutions to DSLMP. The results of the application of the proposed approach to a number of problem instances are also reported.
A global eigenvalue reassignment method for the stabilization of nonlinear reduced‐order models
Authors: Rezaian Elnaz , Wei Mingjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe systematic and physics‐infused construction of a projection‐based reduced‐order model (ROM) shows the capability to replicate the original high‐dimensional system's dynamical evolution but with a fractional computational cost. However, certain nonlinear features and high‐frequency contributions may be lost throughout the aggressive order reduction. Thus, ROMs in a broad category of fluid dynamics applications require stabilization and closure methods to compensate for the key contributions missed through the model order reduction. A new stabilization method for nonlinear ROMs is proposed in this study that learns a linear control law to drive the nonlinear ROM toward maximum agreement with the full‐order model, where a total power constraint guarantees the stability of the nonlinear ROM. This new method achieves both stability and accuracy for nonlinear proper orthogonal decomposition‐Galerkin ROMs in two chosen applications with strong shock‐wake interactions and unsteady oscillations, which trigger strong instabilities in the original ROMs before stabilization. A multistage layout is designed to further enhance the proposed stabilization method for more efficient and robust stabilization of nonlinear ROMs with a large number of unstable modes.