bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Reactant Activation and Transformation for Efficient Photocatalytic Acetone Degradation on SnO2 via Hf Doping
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Li Jieyuan , Zhang Guo , Yang Wenjia , Yang Lin , Shen Yu , Sun Yanjuan , Dong Fan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntensified photocatalytic performance through reducing the recombination of electron–hole pairs and enhancing the oxidation capacity is a key challenge in the field of photocatalytic removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Acetone, as one of the emblematical contaminants VOCs, is a general solvent and widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing severely to air pollution. Most studies of photocatalysis have focused on the photocatalyst efficiency toward pollutant degradation, but the detailed mechanisms of charge separation as well as transfer and photocatalytic acetone oxidation pathways are not revealed clearly. In this work, it is found that hafnium metal doping on the n‐type semiconductor SnO2 can modify the electronic structures, restrain the recombination of electron–hole pairs, where the hafnium metal ion acts as the activation site, leading to improved oxidation ability to realize efficient acetone degradation. In addition, the specific path toward the acetone degradation is revealed by closely combined active radical detection, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and theoretical calculation methods. It provides a new perspective about the detailed and comprehensive reaction mechanism of photocatalytic acetone degradation and carriers transfer between pollutants and photocatalysts, which is expected to promote the practical usage of photocatalytic technology for the expeditious removal VOCs.
Moiré Perovskite Photodetector toward High‐Sensitive Digital Polarization Imaging
Authors: Song Qian , Wang Yang , Vogelbacher Florian , Zhan Yan , Zhu Danlei , Lan Yangjie , Fang Wenzhong , Zhang Zemin , Jiang Lang , Song Yanlin , Li Mingzhu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerovskite (PVK) photodetectors (PDs) have emerged as highly‐efficient versatile optoelectrical devices due to their highly efficient and simple solution‐processable preparation method. Meanwhile, optical structures offer an efficient and facile strategy to improve the light‐harvesting performance of devices and introduce extra optical activity such as polarization sensitivity. Here, an efficient moiré perovskite photodetector with a stacked dual shallow grating structure is designed and fabricated, and sensitive digital polarization imaging is realized. The moiré PVK presents superior ability in light harvesting through the synergistic effects of feedback reflection, diffraction, and excitation of waveguide modes in the dual grating structure. Additionally, the highly crystalline PVK is fabricated through the imprint lithography process. Consequently, excellent device performance is achieved by taking advantage of highly‐efficient light‐harvesting and the good electrical properties of large grain PVK crystals. The responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) of the moiré PVK PD are up to 15.62 A W and 5.58 × 1013 Jones, which are 6.7 and 7.8 times larger than that of the flat perovskite photodetector, respectively. The on/off ratio reaches 2.7 × 104. The nanograting array introduces good polarization sensitivity to the moiré PVK PD achieving a peak‐to‐valley ratio of 1.58. Excellent polarization images are obtained using a 576 pixel sensor array.
An approach to rapid characterization of DMD copy number variants for prenatal risk assessment
Authors: Chin Hui‐Lin , O'Neill Kieran , Louie Kristal , Brown Lindsay , Schlade‐Bartusiak Kamilla , Eydoux Patrice , Rupps Rosemarie , Farahani Ali , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Jones Steven J. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrenatal detection of structural variants of uncertain significance, including copy number variants (CNV), challenges genetic counseling, and creates ambiguity for expectant parents. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, variant classification and phenotypic severity of CNVs are currently assessed by familial segregation, prediction of the effect on the reading frame, and precedent data. Delineation of pathogenicity by familial segregation is limited by time and suitable family members, whereas analytical tools can rapidly delineate potential consequences of variants. We identified a duplication of uncertain significance encompassing a portion of the dystrophin gene (DMD) in an unaffected mother and her male fetus. Using long‐read whole genome sequencing and alignment of short reads, we rapidly defined the precise breakpoints of this variant in DMD and could provide timely counseling. The benign nature of the variant was substantiated, more slowly, by familial segregation to a healthy maternal uncle. We find long‐read whole genome sequencing of clinical utility in a prenatal setting for accurate and rapid characterization of structural variants, specifically a duplication involving DMD.
The impact of water released from boehmite nanoparticles during curing in epoxy‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Waniek Tassilo , Braun Ulrike , Silbernagl Dorothee , Sturm Heinz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe enhancing effect on mechanical properties of boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) nanoparticles (BNP) in epoxy‐based nanocomposites on the macroscopic scale encouraged recent research to investigate the micro‐ and nanoscopic properties. Several studies presented different aspects relatable to an alteration of the epoxy polymer network formation by the BNP with need for further experiments to identify the mode of action. With FTIR‐spectroscopic methods this study identifies interactions of the BNP with the epoxy polymer matrix during the curing process as well as in the cured nanocomposite. The data reveals that not the BNP themselves, but the water released from them strongly influences the curing process by hydrolysis of the anhydride hardener or protonation of the amine accelerator. The changes of the curing processes are discussed in detail. The changes of the curing processes enable new explanation for the changed material properties by BNP discussed in recent research like a lowered glass transition temperature region (Tg) and an interphase formation.
Effect of metal oxides added onto polyvinyl alcohol via pulsed underwater plasma on their thermal, electrical and dielectric properties
Authors: Khlyustova Anna , Sirotkin Nikolay , Kraev Anton , Agafonov Alexander , Titov Valery 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlexible electronics require materials with high breakdown strength, high dielectric constant, and thermal stability. These conditions are met by composites based on polymers and metal oxides. In this article, we present a new one‐step method for producing composites based on water‐soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and metal oxides (AlOOH, CuO, and ZnO). The source of oxides is underwater plasma. The oxides are introduced into the polymer matrix when plasma is exposed to the polymer solution. The results of X‐ray, IR, and SEM analysis showed that metal oxides are embedded in the polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements have shown that the glass transition temperature depends on the oxide being incorporated. The electrical properties of polymer composites were studied by current–voltage characteristics. Dielectric properties were measured in the range of 25–106 Hz. The properties of obtained PVA + metal oxide showed that using underwater plasma is a suitable method for producing composites for electronic devices.
Workflow models for aggregating cultural heritage data on the web: A systematic literature review
Authors: Siqueira Joyce , Martins Dalton Lopes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, different cultural institutions have made efforts to spread culture through the construction of a unique search interface that integrates their digital objects and facilitates data retrieval for lay users. However, integrating cultural data is not a trivial task; therefore, this work performs a systematic literature review on data aggregation workflows, in order to answer five questions: What are the projects? What are the planned steps? Which technologies are used? Are the steps performed manually, automatically, or semi‐automatically? Which perform semantic search? The searches were carried out in three databases: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Scopus and Web of Science. In Q01, 12 projects were selected. In Q02, 9 stages were identified: Harvesting, Ingestion, Mapping, Indexing, Storing, Monitoring, Enriching, Displaying, and Publishing LOD. In Q03, 19 different technologies were found it. In Q04, we identified that most of the solutions are semi‐automatic and, in Q05, that most of them perform a semantic search. The analysis of the workflows allowed us to identify that there is no consensus regarding the stages, their nomenclatures, and technologies, besides presenting superficial discussions. But it allowed to identify the main steps for the implementation of the aggregation of cultural data.
Benchmarking and optimization of a high‐throughput sequencing based method for transgene sequence variant analysis in biotherapeutic cell line development
Authors: Groot Joost , Zhou Yizhou , Marshall Eric , Cullen Patrick , Carlile Thomas , Lin Dongdong , Xu Chong‐Feng , Crisafulli Justin , Sun Chao , Casey Fergal , Zhang Baohong , Alves Christina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, High‐Throughput Sequencing (HTS) based methods to detect mutations in biotherapeutic transgene products have become a key quality step deployed during the development of manufacturing cell line clones. Previously we reported on a higher throughput, rapid mutation detection method based on amplicon sequencing (targeting transgene RNA) and detailed its implementation to facilitate cell line clone selection. By gaining experience with our assay in a diverse set of cell line development programs, we improved the computational analysis as well as experimental protocols. Here we report on these improvements as well as on a comprehensive benchmarking of our assay. We evaluated assay performance by mixing amplicon samples of a verified mutated antibody clone with a non‐mutated antibody clone to generate spike‐in mutations from ∼60% down to ∼0.3% frequencies. We subsequently tested the effect of 16 different sample and HTS library preparation protocols on the assay's ability to quantify mutations and on the occurrence of false‐positive background error mutations (artifacts). Our evaluation confirmed assay robustness, established a high confidence limit of detection of ∼0.6%, and identified protocols that reduce error levels thereby significantly reducing a source of false positives that bottlenecked the identification of low‐level true mutations.
Cell‐surface binding domains from Clostridium cellulovorans can be used for surface display of cellulosomal scaffoldins in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Tarraran Loredana , Gandini Chiara , Luganini Anna , Mazzoli Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEngineering microbial strains combining efficient lignocellulose metabolization and high‐value chemical production is a cutting‐edge strategy towards cost‐sustainable 2nd generation biorefining. Here, protein components of the Clostridium cellulovorans cellulosome were introduced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403, one of the most efficient lactic acid producers but unable to directly ferment cellulose. Cellulosomes are protein complexes with high cellulose depolymerization activity whose synergistic action is supported by scaffolding protein(s) (i.e., scaffoldins). Scaffoldins are involved in bringing enzymes close to each other and often anchor the cellulosome to the cell surface. In this study, three synthetic scaffoldins were engineered by using domains derived from the main scaffoldin CbpA and the Endoglucanase E (EngE) of the C. cellulovorans cellulosome. Special focus was on CbpA X2 and EngE S‐layer homology (SLH) domains possibly involved in cell‐surface anchoring. The recombinant scaffoldins were successfully introduced in and secreted by L. lactis. Among them, only that carrying the three EngE SLH modules was able to bind to the L. lactis surface although these domains lack the conserved TRAE motif thought to mediate binding with secondary cell wall polysaccharides. The synthetic scaffoldins engineered in this study could serve for assembly of secreted or surface‐displayed designer cellulosomes in L. lactis.
Allophonic perception of VOT contrasts in Spanish children with dyslexia
Authors: Serniclaes Willy , López‐Zamora Miguel , Bordoy Soraya , L. Luque Juan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have evidenced a different mode of speech perception in dyslexia, characterized by the use of allophonic rather than phonemic units. People with dyslexia perceive phonemic features (such as voicing) less accurately than typical readers, but they perceive allophonic features (i.e., language‐independent differences between speech sounds) more accurately.MethodIn this study, we investigated the perception of voicing contrasts in a sample of 204 Spanish children with or without dyslexia. Identification and discrimination data were collected for synthetic sounds varying along three different voice onset time (VOT) continua (ba/pa, de/te, and di/ti). Empirical data will be contrasted with a mathematical model of allophonic perception building up from neural oscillations and auditory temporal processing.ResultsChildren with dyslexia exhibited a general deficit in categorical precision; that is, they discriminated among phonemically contrastive pairs (around 0‐ms VOT) less accurately than did chronological age controls, irrespective of the stimulus continuum. Children with dyslexia also exhibited a higher sensitivity in the discrimination of allophonic features (around ±30‐ms VOT), but only for the stimulus continuum that was based on a nonlexical contrast (ba/pa).ConclusionFitting the neural network model to the data collected for this continuum suggests that allophonic perception is due to a deficit in “subharmonic coupling” between high‐frequency oscillations. Relationships with “temporal sampling framework” theory are discussed.
A population study of screening history and diagnostic outcomes of women with invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Benard Vicki B. , Jackson J. Elizabeth , Greek April , Senkomago Virginia , Huh Warner K. , Thomas Cheryll C. , Richardson Lisa C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances to prevent and detect cervical cancer, national targets for screening have not been met in the United States. Previous studies suggested that approximately half of women who developed cervical cancer were not adequately screened. This study aimed to provide an updated examination of women's screening and diagnostic practices five years prior to an invasive cervical cancer diagnosis.MethodsThe study included women age 21 years and older diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer in 2013–2016 from three population‐based state cancer registries in the United States. Medical records abstraction identified screening history and diagnostic follow‐up. A mailed survey provided sociodemographic data. Screening was a Pap or human papillomavirus (HPV) test between 6 months and 5 years before diagnosis. Adequate follow‐up was defined per management guidelines.ResultsOf the 376 women, 60% (n = 228) had not been screened. Among women who received an abnormal screening result (n = 122), 67% (n = 82) had adequate follow‐up. Predictors of: (a) being screened were younger age, having a higher income, and having insurance; (b) adequate follow‐up were having a higher income, and (c) stage 1 cervical cancer were being screened and younger age.ConclusionUnlike other cancer patterns of care studies, this study uses data obtained from medical records supplemented with self‐report information to understand a woman's path to diagnosis, her follow‐up care, and the stage of her cervical cancer diagnosis. This study provides findings that could be used to reach more unscreened or under screened women and to continue lowering cervical cancer incidence in the United States.
Is titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4 V cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts—A systematic review
Authors: Willis Jonathan , Li Siwei , Crean St John , Barrak Fadi N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesGrade V titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4 V) is a well‐recognized metallic biomaterial for medical implants. There has been some controversy regarding the use of this alloy in medical devices in relation to the toxicity of vanadium. In Dentistry, Ti‐6Al‐4 V remains prevalent. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of Ti‐6Al‐4 V on cells relevant to oral environments such as gingival fibroblasts.Materials and methodsA literature search was undertaken for relevant English language publications in the following databases: Dental and Oral Science, Medline and Web of Science. The electronic search was supplemented with a search of references.ResultsAfter application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of eight papers are included in this review. These papers were all in vitro studies and were categorized into whole implant, discs, or implant particles based on the type of test materials used in the studies.ConclusionBased on the analyses of the eight included studies in this review, if Ti‐6Al‐4 V as a material is unchallenged, i.e., as a whole implant in pH neutral environments, there appears to be little effect on fibroblasts. If Ti‐6Al‐4 V is challenged through corrosion or wear (particle release), the subsequent release of vanadium and aluminium particles has an increased cytotoxic effect in vitro in comparison to commercially pure titanium, hence concerns should be raised in the clinical setting.
The association of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, hyperchromatic crowded groups and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions involving endocervical glands
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyperchromatic crowded groups (HCGs) are often classified as atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H) on ThinPrep Pap tests. This study reports on the association of HCG's with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) involving endocervical glands.MethodsOver a 3‐year period (January 1, 2018–December 31, 2020), 115 (0.2%) of 63,817 Pap tests were diagnosed as ASC‐H. Histologic follow‐up was available in 76 (66%) cases; 42 (55%) cervical biopsies; and 34 (45%) cervical cones/LEEPs.ResultsBased on the histologic results, 49 ASC‐H cases showed HSIL/CIN 3 and form the basis of this study. ThinPrep Pap tests showed two cell patterns; atypical immature squamous metaplastic cells and HCGs, each of which was difficult to distinguish from HSIL. On histologic correlation all 10 ASC‐H Pap Tests with individual atypical immature squamous metaplastic cells showed HSIL/CIN 3 without endocervical gland involvement and 37 (95%) of the 39 Pap Tests with HCGs showed HSIL/CIN 3 with endocervical gland involvement.ConclusionThe results of this study support the premise that a subset of HCGs represent endocervical gland involvement by HSIL as opposed to a glandular lesion; in particular endocervical adenocarcinoma in‐situ.
Elevated HbA1c levels in pre‐Covid‐19 infection increases the risk of mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prattichizzo Francesco , de Candia Paola , Nicolucci Antonio , Ceriello Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsDiabetes is emerging as a risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 prognosis. However, contradictory findings have been reported regarding the impact of glycaemic control on COVID‐19 outcome. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to explore the impact of hospital pre‐admission or at‐admission values of HbA1c on COVID‐19 mortality or worsening in patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus up to 30th December 2020. Eligibility criteria for study selection were the following: (1)enrolling patients with any form of diabetes mellitus and hospitalized for COVID‐19 and (2) reporting data regarding HbA1c values before infection or at hospital admission in relation to COVID‐19 mortality or worsening. Descriptive statistics, HbA1c values, odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios were extracted from seven observational studies and generic inverse variance (random effects) of OR was used to estimate the effect of HbA1c on COVID‐19 outcome.ResultsHbA1c was linearly associated with an increased COVID‐19 mortality or worsening when considered as a continuous variable (OR 1.01 [1.01, 1.01]; p < 0.00001). Similarly, when analysing studies providing the number of events according to the degree of glycaemic control among various strata, a significantly increased risk was observed with poor glycaemic control (OR 1.15 [1.11, 1.19]; p < 0.00001), a result corroborated by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the large heterogeneity in study design and patients' characteristics in the few available studies, data suggest that patients with diabetes and poor glycaemic control before infection might have an increased risk of COVID‐19 related mortality.
Restoration and meteorological variability highlight nested water supplies in middle altitude/latitude peatlands: Towards a hydrological conceptual model of the Frasne peatland, Jura Mountains, France
Authors: Lhosmot Alexandre , Collin Louis , Magnon Geneviève , Steinmann Marc , Bertrand Catherine , Stefani Vanessa , Toussaint Marie‐Laure , Bertrand Guillaume 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeatlands and associated ecosystem services are sensitive to climate changes and anthropogenic pressures such as drainage. This study illustrates these effects on the Forbonnet bog (7 ha), belonging to the Frasne peatland complex (~300 ha, French Jura Mountain), and shows how they can inform about the ecohydrological functioning of peatlands. The southern part of the Forbonnet bog was restored in 2015–2016 by backfilling of artificial drains dating from the end of the 19th century. Piezometric data from 2014 to 2018 allow to evaluate the restoration effect on the water table depth (WTD) and highlight the reactivation of lateral inflows from the surrounding raised peatland complex. Vertical electrical conductivity (EC) profiles permit to identify three main peat compartments depending on different water supplies arguing for a nested hydrological functioning. This involves (1) one‐off karst groundwater inputs at the substratum/peat interface supplying the deepest peat layer, (2) lateral seepage inputs from the neighbouring raised wooded peatlands sustaining the intermediate peat level and (3) direct rainfall infiltrating the most superficial peat layer. This nested multi‐reservoir model operates at various spatio‐temporal scales and is consistent with the complex seasonal hydrological and physico‐chemical response at the bog outlet, which will be increasingly affected by climate change in the coming decades.