bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological treatment of PAHs using genetically modified local bacterial isolates
Authors: Kazem Kazem M. , Hussein Amal A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bioremediation technology by microorganisms, which already presents in the contaminated soils, is considered one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants can be removed from the environment. Twelve decomposing bacterial isolates were isolated from three polluted sites (Al-Dora oil refinery, Middle Refineries Company from oil wells, and Karbala oil refinery). This study showed high efficacy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of isolated bacteria appropriate to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decomposition. Primary and secondary screening of bacterial isolates has been performed using experiments based on the colour change in the medium resulting from the degradation of hydrocarbons in the nutrient medium. The screening results were three isolates that were characterized according to the basis of morphological and biochemical features and verified by Vitek 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. The mutagenesis process has been carried out by UV irradiation with a wavelength of 254 nm on selected bacterial strains. Experiments have been conducted on PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene and acenaphthene. According to the Biodegradation Efficiency result for 28 days, the best phenanthrene degrading bacteria was (Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type (73.4%), Escherichia coli wild type (71.5%) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis wild type (68.8%). For naphthalin metabolism, the best degradation efficiency was (Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type (86.2%), Sphingomonas paucimobilis wild type (69%) and Escherichia coli wild type (63%). At the same time, acenaphethene great degradation efficiency was Sphingomonas paucimobilis wild type (72%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild type (71%) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis mutant type (66%). We conclude that random mutation’s effect did not increase the degradation ability for most bacterial isolate.
Leachate composition of lead and cadmium ions from solidified mortar mixed with Nanosilica
Authors: Farhan Rusel Zahraw , Ebrahim Shahlaa Esmail 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Soils contaminated with Cd and Pb ions are a great problem that affects human health and the environment. Intending to decrease the environmental risk. Solidification/ stabilization (S/S) is one of the commonly used and economic remediation technologies to treat contamination by heavy metals in soils compared with other remediation technology. To understand the leaching mechanism from the (S/S) process, the EPA Semi-dynamic Tank Leaching method 1315 and unconfined compressive strength test was carried out to test the effectiveness and performance of the solidification process of contaminated sands with Pb and Cd ions by using ordinary Portland Cement locally produced and nanomaterial. Tow mix designs were performed on the contaminated sands at three different pollution concentrations and three ratios of synthesized Nanosilica from rice husk as additive replacement of cement. The Nanosilica as-prepared has amorphas form, average diameter equal to 52.83 nm and surface area around 618 m2/g. This paper discusses the effects of Nanosilica on leaching contamination from solidifying samples and compressive strength. The leaching rate of lead and cadmium ions from the test specimens demonstrated the effectiveness of nanoparticles in reducing the release of contaminant. Diffusion studies from the S/S matrixes indicated low and very low mobility of lead and cadmium ions respectively. For all test specimens, the mean leachability index was found to be higher than 9.
Treatment of agricultural irrigation water drainage channel by adsorption methods using Sawdust
Authors: Khaleefa Ali Seroor A. , Lazim Shyma M. , Nasret Hala H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this research, the possibility of treating the water of two main agricultural irrigation drainage channels were studied for reuse in irrigation purpose using the adsorption method by activated carbon prepared from sawdust, where the channels included Al-Dawoodi channel that agricultural water drainage and the KSD water channel that agricultural water drainage polluted with wastewater discharged into it from neighboring residential areas. The activated carbon was prepared from sawdust using chemical activation by sulfuric acid H2So4, then operated using Shaker device in three times (30,90,210) minutes by dosing (1,2,4) gm of activated carbon of sawdust. The results showed that the sawdust has been an essential material in removing contaminants, and suspended solids, from the water of both channels by removing (BOD5, COD, TSS), where for KSD and Al-Dawoodi the BOD5removal (81%, 85%), COD (79%, 69%), TSS (80%, 90.8%), respectively. The best removal was achieved at the lowest dose (1 gm) within (90 minutes). The use of activated carbon of sawdust led to the removal of unwanted odors of the KSD water channel and an increase in the salts in the water of both channels represented by an increase (EC, TDS, heavy metals (Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, So4) and SAR, either the pH were decreased within irrigation standards, so activated carbon of sawdust is considered a pre-treatment of some pollutants with good efficiency.
Effect of pH variation on the activity of green algae (Chlorella Vulgaris) and bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) in remediation of toxic dye (Congo red)
Authors: Salman Jasim M , Naji Noor S. , Salah Maysoon M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study used two species of microorganism, algae (Chlorella Vulgaris) and bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), in the removal of toxic industrial dye(Congo red) and deal with the effect of pH variation on the activity of these organisms to remediation and reduces of dye in vitro. Algae (C.vulgaris) also bacteria(B.subtilis) isolated from habitats and cultured under controlled laboratory conditions and using different concentration of dye (50, 150 and 250 mg/l) used in different pH (4, 7 and 9) during different period times (3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 days) to algae and 7 days to bacteria to testing the ability of bioremediation. The results showed that the best pH for removal by Chlorella Vulgaris was (7) for a period of (13 days) at concentration (150)mg/l and with the complete removal (75%) and Bacillus subtilis best pH(7) complete removal(98%) at concentration (50)mg/l. The efficiency of the Chlorella Vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis in the removal of pollutants increased with the high value of many environmental factors such as pH.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for treatment of antibiotics in wastewater: A review
Authors: Mahdi Mahdi H , Mohammed Thamer J , Al-Najar Jenan A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Antibiotics are a broad group of drugs that are used in human and veterinary medicine. Antibiotics are slow to be degraded, so they can live for a long time in water, and this leads to the possibility of bioaccumulation in the environment. After metabolism, antibiotics are released into the aquatic environment. These compounds can be removed in many different ways, but after reviewing the treatment by advanced oxidation process (AOPs), it was found that this treatment has the ability to completely remove antibiotics from wastewater. This paper provides an overview of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for treatment of antibiotics in wastewater and has focused on Nonphotochemical processes (Ozonation), Photochemical Processes (such as photo-Fenton), heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2 / UV systems) were reviews. These methods achieved very high removal efficiency of antibiotics from industrial wastewater.
The potential use of the diatom Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith For the Removal of Certain Pollutants from Al-Rustumeyah Wastewater Treatment Plant in Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Al-Hassany Jinan S. , Alrubai Ghaidaa H. , Jasim I M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability of Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith to reduce the concentration of nitrogen (ammonia, nitrate), phosphorus (orthophosphate) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater were examined. The wastewater was collected from the final sediment tank in the Rustumeyah wastewater treatment plant located south of Baghdad-Iraq. The diatom was cultured in wastewater after filtration. The culture was kept at 25 ± 2°C under the light intensity of 260 μE/m2/s. The tests were carried out in two cases (sterilized and non-sterilized) wastewater for ten days. For sterilized wastewater, the experimental results showed that the removal of ammonia and phosphor after 4-5 days of treatment was found to be 100%. At the same time, the removal of COD was found to be 85% 85%. For non- sterilized wastewater, higher efficiency of diatom was recorded. The study has covered the determination of algae in both treatments during the experiment period. In conclusion, the diatom Nitzschia palea has a good ability to treat ammonia, nitrate, phosphorus and (COD) in wastewater, and a higher efficiency was found in the non-sterilized sample. This study contributes to enhancing diatom’s growth and then its cost. Thus it can be used in the blue biotechnology context.
Effect of biological, organic and mineral fertilization on the concentrations of some macro and micro nutrients in cauliflower plant (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Zbar Omar K. O. , Al-Falahi Muneer N. A. , ALbander Shahd M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted at the University of Anbar in 2019, with a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replicates to study the effects of some fertilizers in concentration of some minerals in cauliflower. A bio-fertilizer of Azobacter chroococcum (P1), Pseudomonas fluorescents (P2) and mixture of P1 and P2 (P3). Organic fertilizers were of two levels, O1 and O2, where manual fertilizers are O, 50% and 100% of recommended dose. Results showed that fertilizers increased concentration of each of N, P, K and Fe in the vegetative parts of cauliflower, besides the significant effect of P3. Mineral and organic fertilizers increased same minerals in cauliflower vegetative tissue. However, the 50% and 100% of recommended mineral fertilizer were not significantly different.
study fish assemblages of Intertidal flats in Iraqi marine water
Authors: Al-Shamary Ahmed Chasib 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The seasonal study of tidal fish assemblages in Iraqi marine waters, which lasted from January 2016 to December 2016, selected three stations for the first station name Fao Head and the second station Al-Gamouri and the third station for the Western waves Breaker, recorded the highest temperature in the second station and reached to 27c.
While the highest salinity concentration was recorded at the second station at 43ppt, a total of 2221 fish havecollected 40 species belonging to 28 families and 8 orders were recorded in three study stations and the highest number of species reached to 35 species in the second and third stations in autumn. The Photopectoralis bindus species dominate the highest number of individuals in autumn season reached to 284 fish in the second station, the maximum number of species reached to 33 species in summer at all the three stations. From the multivariate analysis, it was observed that the number of species was significantly correlated with some ecological factor with a total number of species and individuals.
Effect of food additives, Thepax and Labazyme on growth performance and immune response of young common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Mhanawi B H , Al-Niaeem K S , Al-Tameemi R A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out for 60 day. A total number of 70 fish (Cyprinus carpio L.) with an average of 13.40±1.85 g and a length 11.07 ±1.27 cm were randomly divided into five treatments as a two tank treatment, similar to its contents of conventional ingredients (i.e., fishmeal, soybea soybean meal, corn, barley and wheat bran as well as vitamin mixture premix and carboxy methyle celloluse (CMC)). They differ in their content from food additives. They were commercially ready made in dietary T1 and T2 (Thepax 0.5, 1 gm/ kg), T3 and T4 (Labazyme 1, 2 gm/ kg) and control (0.0 gm/kg) of experimental diets. Data collected included fish weight and feed conversion ratio measured at the end of the study. The results found that the addition of food additives has significantly been affected by weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), with the best results obtained in fish food additives, pellets have been supplemented to Thepax 1 gm/ kg to enhance growth and immune responses.
Heterosis in sunflower using cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Abdul-Hamed Zeyad A , Abood Nihad M , Noaman Abdulsamad H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA field trial was carried in the University of Anbar Alternation location in Iraq, the longitude 440and latitude 330. Eight cytoplasmic male sterile lines CMS, Female parents vis., A1, A3, A5, A11, and A21 and 3 tester restorers (Male parents which contains genes of fertility restoration and had mute- head (R-line) viz., (R1, R2, and R3) of sunflower were used in a Line x Tester mating system. In spring season 2018, to produce 15 hybrids. The genotypes seed 8 parents and 15 hybrids were planted in fall season 2018 using R.C.B.D. with three replicates. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, parents, and hybrids in all studied characters. Parent A3 was disk area 194.31cm2, seed number of disk 934.40 seed and seed yield per disk 67.73 gm, while the parent A11 gave high value for weight 1000 seed 74.2 gm, while the tester R1 gave high value for most of the characters. Hybrid A3 x R3 gave high value for head area 249.13 cm2, for seed number of disk 1356.04 seed and seed yield per disk 94.71 gm, the hybrid A5 x R3 gave high heterosis for seed yield ratio 57.15%.
Coordination of Directional overcurrent, Distance, and Breaker failure relays using Genetic Algorithm including pilot protection.
Authors: Almuhsen Tahseen Ali Abd , Sultan Ahmed Jasim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Protection relays play an important role in the power systems to maintain stability, reliability, selectivity, and security for the power systems. In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique with pilot protection (PP) and without pilot protection (WPP) has been used to obtain proper coordination and the optimum value of transmission lines protection relays between distance relays (DRs) and directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs), as well as the critical case for fails in high voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) during faults, so using breaker failure relays (BFRs) for IEEE-8 bus system. The main aim of the used PP to reduce the overall time of DOCRs. A comparison is made with previous work in literature to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm with PP and the total operation time of DOCRs in the network is minimized.
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Controller Based on hybrid renewable energy source
Authors: Hussein Areeg Fadhil , Akkar Prof. Dr. Hanan A. R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that control a hybrid wind-solar system based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. the controller designed to direct the output from the clean energy systems where the output might be from the wind, solar, the sum of the two systems, or from the battery charging system. The ANN designed and trained using MATLAB2019a, two training algorithms were explored Levenberg-Marquardt and Practical Swarm Optimization and the one with best training results have been chosen to be Co-Simulated on Xilinx Spartan 6 FPGA XC6SLX9FTG256 using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) with MATLAB R2012b Simulink then the FPGA card Hardware Implementation using ISE Design Suite 14.7 program.
Towards a Near-Zero Energy Building using a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with Smart Energy Management Capabilities
Authors: Kh Abbas A , Obed A A , Abid A J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy resources, despite their advantages, it is uncertain due to the fluctuations in the weather. Clouds, dust, rain, and heat will negatively affect photovoltaic panels’ production, which leads to the problem of power supply interruption and a decline in reliability. For that, it is required a standalone photovoltaic system with a smart energy management strategy. On the other hand, the load’s reactive power decreased the system’s efficiency and caused an overcurrent fault. So, it requires the adopt a mechanism to correct the power factor to enhance efficiency. The proposed system adopted two strategies: the first adopt an energy consumption management that determines the schedule’s consumption loads. This strategy includes the predicted supplied power for the current day and two days ahead according to the available energy based on the forecast of solar radiation and the batteries’ energy to update and correct the expected values.
Moreover, three operating modes are presented according to the battery state of charge (SoC). The second strategy is adopting an automatic power factor correction (APFC) unit. A capacitor bank is used, where the system adds one or more capacitors to enhance the power factor. The proposed system also offers an Internet of Things (IoT) technology to communicate between system components and implement remote monitoring and control. The simulation results showed an integrated system capable of saving energy and relying on a limited renewable energy source. Such a promised system will lead to near-zero energy buildings (NZEB) without affecting life quality.
Enhanced Distance Utilized ToA/RSS to Estimate Position using Trilateration in Outdoor
Authors: Mosleh Mahmoud F , Zaiter Mohammed J , Hashim Ali H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The subject of target localization is becoming increasingly important with the recent development in science and technology. In this paper, a proposed system included simple equipment on three transmitters. The case study chosen in this work is simulated using Wireless InSite (WI) software to model the campus with its all building. Three Transmitters (TXs) are installed in selected position while twenty Receivers (RXs) are deployed randomly as a target to estimate their position utilizing Time of Arrival (ToA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) to estimate the distance, the distance error is then obtained and utilized to get the enhanced distance. Trilateration utilizes the enhanced distance to obtain the target location and AoA. The achieved result is addressed using specific equations to estimate the target positions. The accuracy can be assessed by estimating localization error, minimal localization error was found to be 0.2178 while maximum value was 2.8522.
Comparisons of Soft Decision Decoding Algorithms Based LDPC Wireless Communication System
Authors: Hussein Yasmeen M. , Mutlag Ammar H. , Al-Nedawe Basman M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction code provides significant results that have been very close to Shannon limit. This paper compares the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of soft decision decoding algorithms of LDPC codes on AWGN channel. Devising soft decision decoding algorithms which are good in BER performance requires a comparison of probabilistic, log domain and Min-Sum methods. Simulations are conducted with different parameters using MATLAB workspace to evaluate the LDPC system performance. Results have shown that Min-Sum has outperformed the algorithms of Log Domain and Prob. Domain with a considerable amount of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Finally, the optimal LDPC parameter values have been selected based on the achieved results which provide superior results.
Fatigue Limit Prediction Based on Hardness for Both Steel and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Assi Abdullah Dhayea , Alkalali Rawa Hamed M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The values of the fatigue limit of the substance represent how resistant it is to the worst of all that this material was Ferrous and non-ferrous. The values of this limitation can be inferred by creating a Wohler curve (S-N curve) is called and requires testing many samples that require a long time and a great effort to reach the final result. This research has created two athletic models for steel and aluminum alloys, without the need to create the Wohler curve (S-N curve) for these alloys. The two proposed models are (Fatigue limit = 1.30 x Steel Hardness (BH) for steel alloys) and (Fatigue limit = 1.85 x Aluminum Hardness (BH) for Al-alloys). The results obtained from these two models were compared with the results of the Heller curve for steel alloy (HRB400) and aluminum alloy (AA2017) by following the method of rotational bending loading and this comparison showed a very reasonable result. The results were also compared with results extracted from previous models, and it was found that the previous models gave a less accurate fatigue limit compared to the Wohler curve.
Effects of phase change material on the performance of solar dryer used for Eruca Sativa
Authors: Nasir Kadhim Fadhil , Abduljabbar Inas Abdulsattar , Al-Mamoori Ameer Hassan , Al-Hamadani Haider 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work presents experimental investigations of the performance for a solar dryer with and without phase change material (PCM) used to dry Eruca Sativa foodstuffs. This dryer is consists of a solar collector with dimensions of (1000 mm as width by 1000 mm depth and by 1000 mm highest) which includes dryer chamber and the heat storage container inside it. The experimental work included the design and fabrication of the solar dryer, and the outdoor tests of the system. The experimental tests were performed under real outdoor weather conditions at the Technical College of Al-Mussaib located in Babylon, Iraq (32.5° N 44.3° E) during December 2019. Three modes of drying (natural drying, solar drying, and solar drying with PCM) were applied. The results showed that the moisture recorded lowest rating for using the solar dryer with PCMs by 17.3% with that of using the solar dryer without PCMs and 40% with using of natural solar drying. The maximum temperature in the drying chamber with PCMs was reached 45 ° C and while it was 40 ° C without PCMs and it was 20 ° C for sun drying. It found reducing of drying time with using of PCMs comparing with using others methods as: 5.3 hr, 7.3 hr, and 24 hr for solar dryer with PCMs, without PCMs, and sun drying respectively.
Experimental verification for the phases separation technique to improve the thermal performance of vertical and inclined wickless heat pipe
Authors: Temimy Alaa A. B. , Abdulrasool Adnan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A flow separation technique is tested experimentally for the thermal performance enhancement of the Thermosyphon Heat Pipe (THP). Flow separation for the vapor rising upward and the condensate flowing downward is used to eliminate the complex interactions between the two phases. Such interactions are found and discussed by previous numerical work published by the authors. Tubes Packing (TP) made of two parallel copper tubes welded contrary to each other with a neighboring openings at central disk are used to grantee the smooth flow through the THP. The THP is made with a suitable dimension for the evaporator, adiabatic and condensation sections. Different operating conditions of filling ratios, supplied heat and inclination angles are tested to monitor the THP thermal performance during transient and steady state operation. The experimental tests results showed that the insertion of TP into the THP enhanced the thermal performance of THP by reducing the transient operation time about 37% and the maximum averaged temperature in the evaporator section about 50%. Also, reduces the variation effects of the filling ratio and the inclination angle on the thermal performance. In general, the results showed that the insertion of the TP reduces the THP thermal resistance about 17% to 62% based on the operating conditions.