bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and metabolic characteristics of novel double‐mutant female mice with targeted disruption of both growth hormone‐releasing hormone and growth hormone receptor
Authors: Icyuz Mert , Zhang Fang , Fitch Michael P. , Joyner Matthew R. , Challa Anil K. , Sun Liou Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMice with disruptions of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone receptor (GHR) exhibit similar phenotypes of prolonged lifespan and delayed age‐related diseases. However, these two models respond differently to calorie restriction indicating that they might carry different and/or independent mechanisms for improved longevity and healthspan. In order to elucidate these mechanisms, we generated GHRH and GHR double‐knockout mice (D‐KO). In the present study, we focused specifically on the characteristics of female D‐KO mice. The D‐KO mice have reduced body weight and enhanced insulin sensitivity compared to wild‐type (WT) controls. Growth retardation in D‐KO mice is accompanied by decreased GH expression in pituitary, decreased circulating IGF‐1, increased high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin, and leptin hormones compared to WT controls. Generalized linear model‐based regression analysis, which controls for body weight differences between D‐KO and WT groups, shows that D‐KO mice have decreased lean mass, bone mineral density, and bone mineral content, but increased adiposity. Indirect calorimetry markers including oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in D‐KO mice relative to the controls. In comparison with WT mice, the D‐KO mice displayed reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values only during the light cycle, suggesting a circadian‐related metabolic shift toward fat utilization. Interestingly, to date survival data suggest extended lifespan in D‐KO female mice.
Changes in Alcohol Use and Drinking Context due to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Multimethod Study of College Student Drinkers
Authors: Jackson Kristina M. , Merrill Jennifer E. , Stevens Angela K. , Hayes Kerri L. , White Helene R. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIn spring 2020, U.S. universities closed campuses to limit the transmission of COVID‐19, resulting in an abrupt change in residence, reductions in social interaction, and in many cases, movement away from a heavy drinking culture. The present mixed‐methods study explores COVID‐19‐related changes in college student drinking. We characterize concomitant changes in social and location drinking contexts and describe reasons attributed to changes in drinking.MethodsWe conducted two studies of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on drinking behavior, drinking context, and reasons for both increases and decreases in consumption among college students. Study 1 (qualitative) included 18 heavy‐drinking college students (Mage = 20.2; 56% female) who completed semi‐structured interviews. Study 2 (quantitative) included 312 current and former college students who reported use of alcohol and cannabis (Mage = 21.3; 62% female) and who completed an online survey.ResultsIn both studies, COVID‐19‐related increases in drinking frequency were accompanied by decreases in quantity, heavy drinking, and drunkenness. Yet, in Study 2, although heavier drinkers reduced their drinking, among non‐heavy drinkers several indices of consumption increased or remained stable . Both studies also provided evidence of reductions in social drinking with friends and roommates and at parties and increased drinking with family. Participants confirmed that their drinking decreased due to reduced social opportunities and/or settings, limited access to alcohol, and reasons related to health and self‐discipline. Increases were attributed to greater opportunity (more time) and boredom and to a lesser extent, lower perceived risk of harm and to cope with distress.ConclusionThis study documents COVID‐19‐related changes in drinking among college student drinkers that were attributable to changes in context, particularly a shift away from heavy drinking with peers to lighter drinking with family. Given the continued threat of COVID‐19, it is imperative for researchers, administrators, and parents to understand these trends as they may have lasting effects on college student drinking behaviors.
The addition of fetal scalp blood lactate measurement as an adjunct to cardiotocography to reduce caesarean sections during labour: The Flamingo randomised controlled trial
Authors: East Christine E. , Davey Mary‐Ann , Kamlin C. Omar F. , Davis Peter G. , Sheehan Penelope M. , Kane Stefan C. , Brennecke Shaun P. ,   The Flamingo Study Group
Published: March 2021

BackgroundFetal scalp blood sampling for lactate measurement (FBSLM) is sometimes used to assist in identification of the need for expedited birth in the presence of an abnormal cardiotocograph (CTG). However, there is no randomised controlled trial evidence to support this.AimTo determine whether adding FBSLM reduces the risk of birth by emergency caesarean section in labours complicated by an abnormal CTG, compared with CTG without FBS.Material and MethodsLabouring women at a tertiary maternity hospital in Melbourne, Australia with a singleton, cephalic presentation, at ≥37 weeks gestation with an abnormal CTG pattern were randomised to the intervention (n = 61), with intermittent FBSLM in addition to CTG monitoring, or control (CTG without FBS, n = 62). The primary outcome was rate of birth by caesarean section. Secondary outcomes included overall operative birth and fetal and neonatal safety endpoints. Trial registration: ACTRN12611000172909.ResultsThe smaller than anticipated sample was unable to demonstrate an effect from adding FBSLM to CTG monitoring on birth by caesarean section vs monitoring by CTG without FBS (25/61 and 28/62 respectively, P = 0.64, risk ratio 0.91, 95% confidence intervals 0.60–1.36). One newborn infant in the CTG group met the criteria for the composite neonatal outcome of death or serious outcome, neonatal encephalopathy, five‐minute Apgar score < 4, neonatal resuscitation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit for 96 h or more.ConclusionWe were unable to provide robust evidence of the effectiveness of FBSLM to improve the specificity of the CTG in the assessment of fetal wellbeing.
Pembrolizumab‐induced hypophysitis with acute progression of Rathke’s cyst
Authors: Gamblin Austin S. , Twitchell Spencer , Kundu Bornali , Couldwell William T. , Menacho Sarah T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis is a rare complication of pembrolizumab, but the effects of drug‐induced hypophysitis on preexisting pituitary lesions are unknown. The authors treated an unusual case of pembrolizumab‐induced hypophysitis that resulted in acute exacerbation of a preexisting pituitary cystic lesion causing severe intractable headaches. Before initiation of pembrolizumab therapy, magnetic resonance imaging should be carefully reviewed for sellar pathology. Patients demonstrating a Rathke's cleft cyst should consider other forms of treatment first or be carefully counseled before pembrolizumab initiation, because the advent of hypophysitis could result in symptomatic progression of an existing lesion, necessitating urgent surgical intervention.
Marginal bone loss and the risk indicators of fixed screw‐retained implant‐supported prostheses and fixed telescopic‐retained implant‐supported prostheses in full arch: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Oda Yukari , Mori Gentaro , Honma Shinya , Ito Taichi , Iijima Toshikazu , Yajima Yasutomo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared full‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FSI‐FDPs) and full‐arch telescopic‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with a professional retrieval system (FTI‐FDPs) on marginal bone loss (MBL), the risk indicators and peri‐implantitis rate after 7–13 years.Material and methodsSixty five edentulous patients were treated with 86 prostheses and 592 implants. The FSI‐FDP group comprised 26 patients (32 prostheses, 202 implants), and the FTI‐FDP group comprised 39 patients (54 prostheses, 390 implants). MBL and the risk indicators of MBL ≥1 mm were assessed. Peri‐implantitis rates at 13 years were also calculated.ResultsFull‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses and FTI‐FDP implants exhibited comparable mean MBLs of 0.60 ± 0.51 and 0.41 ± 1.03 mm, respectively. MBL ≥1 mm was noted for 25% of FSI‐FDP implants and 6.9% of FTI‐FDP implants. Superstructure–abutment connection (screw retention:FSI‐FDPs >telescopic retention:FTI‐FDPs) and implant–abutment connection (External butt joint, Internal butt joint >Morse taper joint) were associated with MBL ≥1 mm. Peri‐implantitis rates at the implant level were 3.99% (95%CI = 3.93–20.5) in FSI‐FDP group and 3.85% (95%CI = 3.85–34.3) in FTI‐FDP group with no significance.ConclusionsIt was concluded that FSI‐FDP and FTI‐FDP implants exhibited comparable MBL; however, the risk of MBL ≥1 mm in FTI‐FDPs was lower than in FSI‐FDPs. Besides, implant–abutment connection was the risk indicator of MBL ≥1 mm. In peri‐implantitis rate, FSI‐FDPs and FTI‐FDPs behave similarly.
A systematic review of outcomes of remote consultation in ENT
Authors: Gupta Tanya , Gkiousias Vasileios , Bhutta Mahmood F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsRemote or tele‐consultation has become an emerging modality of consultation in many specialities, including ENT. Advantages include increasing accessibility, potential to reduce costs and, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, reduced risk of infection transmission. Here, we systematically collate and synthesise the evidence base on outcomes from remote consultation in adult and paediatric ENT services.MethodsWe performed a review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched Medline and Embase for relevant articles. Outcomes include specific patient pathway efficiency measures (including number of healthcare visits, lead time, touch time and handoff), patient/clinician satisfaction, cost analysis and safety implications.ResultsFrom 6325 articles screened, 53 met inclusion criteria. Publications included studies on remote consultation for initial, preoperative and follow‐up assessment (including postoperative). In most instances, remote consultation reduced costs and time from referral to assessment and was associated with high patient satisfaction. However, a face‐to‐face follow‐up appointment was required in 13%‐72% of initial consultations, suggesting that remote consultation is only appropriate in selected cases.ConclusionRemote consultation is appropriate and preferable for ENT consultation in specific conditions and circumstances. Future research should look to better define those conditions and circumstances, and report using recognised quality standards and outcome measures.
Peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccine: Current trends in clinical application
Authors: Liu Wensi , Tang Haichao , Li Luanfeng , Wang Xiangyi , Yu Zhaojin , Li Jianping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have attracted enormous attention in recent years as one of the effective treatments of tumour immunotherapy. Most of peptide‐based vaccines are based on epitope peptides stimulating CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T helper cells to target tumour‐associated antigens (TAAs) or tumour‐specific antigens (TSAs). Some adjuvants and nanomaterials have been exploited to optimize the efficiency of immune response of the epitope peptide to improve its clinical application. At present, numerous peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and achieved significant clinical benefits. Similarly, the combination of peptide‐based vaccines and other therapies has demonstrated a superior efficacy in improving anti‐cancer activity. We delve deeper into the choices of targets, design and screening of epitope peptides, clinical efficacy and adverse events of peptide‐based vaccines, and strategies combination of peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines and other therapies. The review will provide a detailed overview and basis for future clinical application of peptide‐based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
The Bird's Head Seascape Marine Protected Area network—Preventing biodiversity and ecosystem service loss amidst rapid change in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto  , Andradi‐Brown Dominic A. , Matualage Dariani , Rumengan Irman , Awaludinnoer  , Pada Defy , Hidayat Nur I. , Amkieltiela  , Fox Helen E. , Fox Matt , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Hamid La , Lazuardi Muhammad E. , Mambrasar Ronald , Maulana Nugraha , Mulyadi  , Tuharea Syafri , Pakiding Fitryanti , Ahmadia Gabby N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Bird's Head Seascape (BHS), Papua, Indonesia is located within the epicenter of global marine biodiversity and has been the focus of recent conservation efforts to protect marine resources. Here, we provide an overview of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) progress in the BHS over the past decade, including establishment history, changes in management effectiveness and ecosystem health, as well as examining trends in tourism growth. While generally viewed as a conservation success story, we reflect on both successes and challenges in the BHS, identifying where we need to continue to improve and adapt in response to rapid economic and environmental change. As of 2020, BHS MPAs cover 5.1 million ha across 23 MPAs. As expected, management effectiveness is steadily increasing in BHS MPAs—although newer MPAs face substantial capacity gaps. Tourism is rapidly growing—with an almost 3,000% increase in tourist visits between 2007 and 2018. Overall, hard coral cover in monitored BHS MPAs remained stable at 33% from 2010 to 2019, although trends in reef fish biomass were more variable. Given continued conservation challenges in the region, BHS MPAs are successfully preventing biodiversity loss while providing ecosystem services for local communities.
East Asian buntings: Ongoing illegal trade and encouraging conservation responses
Authors: Heim Wieland , Chan Simba , Hölzel Norbert , Ktitorov Pavel , Mischenko Alexander , Kamp Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dramatic decline in the once superabundant Yellow‐breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola, a widely distributed Eurasian songbird, triggered worldwide media interest. Five years after the initial publication, we set out to give an update on the status of this critically endangered species, the conservation actions that followed, and the lessons that can be learned from this exceptional case for the conservation of migratory land birds in Asia and beyond. While there are signs of possible population recovery in the Yellow‐breasted Bunting, other migratory songbird species were recently observed to be trapped in huge numbers, which could lead to further declines. We argue that the Yellow‐breasted Bunting can be used as a flagship species to promote the conservation of East Asian land bird migrants.
Selecting stimulation intensity in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies: A systematic review between 1991 and 2020
Authors: Turi Zsolt , Lenz Maximilian , Paulus Walter , Mittner Matthias , Vlachos Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly used, non‐invasive brain stimulation technique in neuroscience research and clinical practice with a broad spectrum of suggested applications. Among other parameters, the choice of stimulus intensity and intracranial electric field strength substantially impacts rTMS outcome. This review provides a systematic overview of the intensity selection approaches and stimulation intensities used in human rTMS studies. We also examined whether studies report sufficient information to reproduce stimulus intensities for basic science research models. We performed a systematic review by focusing on original studies published between 1991 and 2020. We included conventional (e.g., 1 or 10 Hz) and patterned protocols (e.g., continuous or intermittent theta burst stimulation). We identified 3,784 articles in total, and we manually processed a representative portion (20%) of randomly selected articles. The majority of the analyzed studies (90% of entries) used the motor threshold (MT) approach and stimulation intensities from 80% to 120% of the MT. For continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation, the most frequent stimulation intensity was 80% of the active MT. Most studies (92% of entries) did not report sufficient information to reproduce the stimulation intensity. Only a minority of studies (1.03% of entries) estimated the rTMS‐induced electric field strengths. We formulate easy‐to‐follow recommendations to help scientists and clinicians report relevant information on stimulation intensity. Future standardized reporting guidelines may facilitate the use of basic science approaches aiming at better understanding the molecular, cellular, and neuronal mechanisms of rTMS.
Dysregulated epigenetic modifications in psoriasis
Authors: Zeng Chang , Tsoi Lam C. , Gudjonsson Johann E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe observed incidence of psoriasis has been gradually increasing over time (J Am Acad Dermatol, 03, 2009, 394), but the underlying pathogenic factors have remained unclear. Recent studies suggest the importance of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Aberrant epigenetic patterns including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non‐coding RNA expression are observed in psoriatic skin. Reversing these epigenetic mechanisms has showed improvement in psoriatic phenotypes, making epigenetic therapy a potential avenue for psoriasis treatment. Here, we summarize relevant evidence for epigenetic dysregulation contributing to psoriasis susceptibility and pathogenesis, and the factors responsible for epigenetic modifications, providing directions for potential future clinical avenues.
Non‐optimal codon usage preferences of coronaviruses determine their promiscuity for infecting multiple hosts
Authors: Carmi Gon , Gorohovski Alessandro , Mukherjee Sumit , Frenkel‐Morgenstern Milana 
Published: March 2021

Circulating animal coronaviruses occasionally infect humans. The SARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for the current worldwide outbreak of COVID‐19 that has resulted in 2 112 844 deaths as of late January 2021. We compared genetic code preferences in 496 viruses, including 34 coronaviruses and 242 corresponding hosts, to uncover patterns that distinguish single‐ and ‘promiscuous’ multiple‐host‐infecting viruses. Based on a codon usage preference score, promiscuous viruses were shown to significantly employ nonoptimal codons, namely codons that involve ‘wobble’ binding to anticodons, as compared to single‐host viruses. The codon adaptation index (CAI) and the effective number of codons (ENC) were calculated for all viruses and hosts. Promiscuous viruses were less adapted hosts vs single‐host viruses (P‐value = 4.392e‐11). All coronaviruses exploit nonoptimal codons to infect multiple hosts. We found that nonoptimal codon preferences at the beginning of viral coding sequences enhance the translational efficiency of viral proteins within the host. Finally, coronaviruses lack endogenous RNA degradation motifs to a significant degree, thereby increasing viral mRNA burden and infection load. To conclude, we found that promiscuously infecting coronaviruses prefer nonoptimal codon usage to remove degradation motifs from their RNAs and to dramatically increase their viral RNA production rates.
Design of step‐stress accelerated life tests for estimating the fatigue reliability of structural components based on a finite‐element approach
Authors: Klemenc Jernej , Nagode Marko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article describes how a step‐stress accelerated life test (SSALT) can be designed for testing the fatigue life and reliability of structural components with a dominant failure mode. With simple numerical simulations of the crack's propagation in the notched area of the structural part for different loading levels, the slope of the S–N curve for a structural component is initially estimated. Then, a very few fatigue–life experiments are carried out in the high‐cycle domain to determine the intercept of the structure's S–N curve. By considering the scatter from the material's P–S–N curve, different SSALT designs for the structural component can be composed and checked for their expected acceleration factor. The procedure is experimentally validated for the case of a notched specimen and two different SSALT designs. From the results it can be concluded that the predicted durations of the SSALT experiments correlate well with the real experiments.
Combined effects of wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose on dough rheological behaviours and gluten network of potato–wheat flour‐based bread
Authors: Hu Xiaohui , Cheng Li , Hong Yan , Li Zhaofeng , Li Caiming , Gu Zhengbiao 
Published: March 2021

SummaryIncorporating high level of potato flour into wheat flour enhances nutritional values of bread but induces a series of problems that lead to the decline of the bread quality. To overcome the barrier, wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were added into potato–wheat composite flour to improve dough machinability and bread quality. The rheological properties, thermo‐mechanical properties and microstructures of dough were investigated. The results showed that the interaction between gluten and CMC mitigated the discontinuity of gluten matrix and gluten protein aggregation caused by the addition of potato flour, which yielded a more branched and compact gluten network. The compact three‐dimensional viscoelastic structure induced improvements of gas retention capacity and dough stability, making it mimic the machinability properties of wheat flour dough. Bread qualities were apparently improved with the combined use of 4% gluten and 6% CMC, of which specific volume increased by 42.86%, and simultaneously, hardness reduced by 75.93%.
Dynamic sensory profile of mango skyr yoghurt added of prebiotic and natural sweeteners: multiple time‐intensity analysis and temporal dominance of sensations
Authors: Pereira Cecília Teresa Muniz , Pereira Dalva Muniz , Bolini Helena Maria André 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the addition of prebiotics and natural sweeteners on the temporal profile of mango skyr yoghurts. Eight formulations were made with the addition (or not) of prebiotics (FOS) and different sweetening agents (sucrose, stevia, thaumatin and a blend of stevia/thaumatin). The time‐intensity (TI) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) analyses were performed with trained assessors (n = 12) and consumers (n = 60). The addition of prebiotics did not affect the temporal profile of the sucrose‐sweetened yoghurt. Thaumatin can be used as a natural sweetener in this type of yoghurt to reduce the perceived bitterness of stevia. The results revealed important data on the use of temporal methods and different panels, contributing to understand major dynamic sensory profile for concentrated yoghurts sweetened with natural sweeteners, especially skyr.