bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of antiviral metal and metal oxide thin-film coatings against human coronavirus 229E
Authors: Delumeau Louis-Vincent , Asgarimoghaddam Hatameh , Alkie Tamiru , Jones Alexander James Bryan , Lum Samantha , Mistry Kissan , Aucoin Marc G. , DeWitte-Orr Stephanie , Musselman Kevin P. 
Published: November 2021

Virucidal thin-film coatings have the potential to inactivate pathogens on surfaces, preventing or slowing their spread. Six potential nanoscale antiviral coatings, Cu, Cu2O, Ag, ZnO, zinc tin oxide (ZTO), and TiO2, are deposited on glass, and their ability to inactivate the HCoV-229E human coronavirus is assessed using two methods. In one method, droplets containing HCoV-229E are deposited on thin-film coatings and then collected after various stages of desiccation. In the second method, the thin-film coatings are soaked in the virus supernatant for 24 h. The Cu and Cu2O coatings demonstrate clear virucidal behavior, and it is shown that controlled delamination and dissolution of the coating can enhance the virucidal effect. Cu is found to produce a faster and stronger virucidal effect than Cu2O in the droplet tests (3 log reduction in the viral titer after 1 h of exposure), which is attributed, in part, to the differences in film adhesion that result in delamination of the Cu film from the glass and accelerated dissolution in the droplet. Despite Ag, ZnO, and TiO2 being frequently cited antimicrobial materials, exposure to the Ag, ZnO, ZTO, and TiO2 coatings results in no discernible change to the infectivity of the coronavirus under the conditions tested. Thin-film Cu coatings are also applied to the polypropylene fabrics of N95 respirators, and droplet tests are performed. The Cu fabric coating reduces the infectivity of the virus; it results in a 1 order-of-magnitude reduction in the viral titer within 15 min with a 2 order-of-magnitude reduction after 1 h.
Higher-order exceptional point and Landau–Zener Bloch oscillations in driven non-Hermitian photonic Lieb lattices
Authors: Xia Shiqiang , Danieli Carlo , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Xingdong , Lu Hai , Tang Liqin , Li Denghui , Song Daohong , Chen Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

We propose a scheme to realize parity-time (PT) symmetric photonic Lieb lattices of ribbon shape and complex couplings, thereby demonstrating the higher-order exceptional point (EP) and Landau–Zener Bloch (LZB) oscillations in the presence of a refractive index gradient. Quite different from non-Hermitian flatband lattices with on-site gain/loss, which undergo thresholdless PT symmetry breaking, the spectrum for such quasi-one-dimensional Lieb lattices has completely real values when the index gradient is applied perpendicular to the ribbon, and a triply degenerated higher-order EP (EP3) with coalesced eigenvalues and eigenvectors emerges only when the amplitude of the gain/loss ratio reaches a certain threshold value. When the index gradient is applied parallel to the ribbon, the LZB oscillations exhibit intriguing characteristics, including asymmetric energy transition and pseudo-Hermitian propagation, as the flatband is excited. Meanwhile, a secondary emission occurs each time when the oscillatory motion passes through the EP3, leading to distinct energy distribution in the flatband when a dispersive band is excited. Such novel phenomena may appear in other non-Hermitian flatband systems. Our work may also bring insight and suggest a photonic platform to study the symmetry and topological characterization of higher-order EP that may find unique applications in, for example, enhancing sensitivity.
Innere Sprachform
Authors: Knobloch Clemens 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer von Wilhelm von Humboldt geprägte und von Heymann Steinthal Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts propagierte Begriff der Inneren Sprachform hat eine bewegte und von Diskontinuitäten geprägte Geschichte und eine äußerst vage und plastische Bedeutung. Der Text rekonstruiert einige Stationen dieser Begriffsgeschichte, mit Blick auf deren Brüche und Richtungswechsel. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Rezeption und der heuristischen Weiterentwicklung des Begriffs in den USA. Kontrastiert wird die US-Rezeption (in Sprachpsychologie, Spracherwerbsforschung und Ethnolinguistik) mit der zeitgleichen ideologischen Verwendung des Ausdrucks in der sprachnationalistischen deutschen Tradition.
The impact of text presentation on translator performance
Authors: Läubli Samuel , Simianer Patrick , Wuebker Joern , Kovacs Geza , Sennrich Rico , Green Spence 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Widely used computer-aided translation (CAT) tools divide documents into segments, such as sentences, and arrange
them side-by-side in a spreadsheet-like view. We present the first controlled evaluation of these design choices on translator
performance, measuring speed and accuracy in three experimental text-processing tasks. We find significant evidence that
sentence-by-sentence presentation enables faster text reproduction and within-sentence error identification compared to
unsegmented text, and that a top-and-bottom arrangement of source and target sentences enables faster text reproduction compared
to a side-by-side arrangement. For revision, on the other hand, we find that presenting unsegmented text results in the highest
accuracy and time efficiency. Our findings have direct implications for best practices in designing CAT tools.
Latent Judicial Intervention: The Case of Self-Claiming Palestinian Informers
Authors: Hofnung Menachem , Hadad Ofir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do judicial techniques enable courts to have a very effective impact on actual national policy while avoiding making binding decisions? Previous academic studies have focused mostly on the controversial capacity (and willingness) of courts to intervene in a country’s policy through statutory interpretation or authoritative decisions. We show that by refraining from sweeping landmark decisions, courts can have a latent but substantial impact on actual national policy through technical and procedural measures. The case study here is the Israeli immigration policy toward a large group of Palestinian litigants (916 petitions) who claim to be neglected security-related collaborators.
The lower bound of nonlocal gradient for non-convex and non-smooth image patches based regularization
Authors: Meng Junying , Wang Faqiang , Cui Li , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the inverse problem of image processing, we have witnessed that the non-convex and non-smooth regularizers can produce clearer image edges than convex ones such as total variation (TV). This fact can be explained by the uniform lower bound theory of the local gradient in non-convex and non-smooth regularization. In recent years, although it has been numerically shown that the nonlocal regularizers of various image patches based nonlocal methods can recover image textures well, we still desire a theoretical interpretation. To this end, we propose a non-convex non-smooth and block nonlocal regularization model based on image patches. By integrating the advantages of the non-convex and non-smooth potential function in the regularization term, the uniform lower bound theory of the image patches based nonlocal gradient is given. This approach partially explains why the proposed method can produce clearer image textures and edges. Compared to some classical regularization methods, such as TV, non-convex and non-smooth regularization, nonlocal total variation and block nonlocal total variation, our experimental results show that the proposed method improves restoration quality.
Scaling of energy gaps in phosphorene nanoflakes
Authors: Huang Linan , Zhong Jun , Sheng Weidong , Zhou Aiping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electronic structure of phosphorene nanoflakes which consist of hundreds of phosphorus atoms are studied in the framework of unrestricted Hartree–Fock approach. On the base of Pariser–Parr–Pople model for electron–electron interactions, a simplified Bethe–Salpeter formalism is established for the calculation of excitation states of the system. Taking into account the electron–hole interaction in various dielectric environments, the optical gap of a triangular phosphorene nanoflake is shown to increase as the screening effect becomes stronger while its graphene counterpart exhibits just the opposite dependence. After confirming an exponential dependence of the optical gap on the effective dielectric constant, the quasiparticle and optical gaps are also found to obey an exponential scaling rule against the total number of atoms in the nanoflakes, respectively. By extrapolating the dependence on the size of the system, one is able to estimate the exciton binding energy of a monolayer phosphorene sheet on a SiO2 substrate to be 0.894 eV. The result is found to agree well with the previous experimental result of 0.9 eV.
Studies on the Equatorial Spot of G-type Contact Binary UV Lyn
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Zhang Bin , Jiang Lin-Qiao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
New CCD photometric observations of G-type contact binary UV Lyn were obtained in 2006 and 2020, when the light curves (LCs) showed positive O’Connell effect and negative O’Connell effect, respectively. From the previous studies, the LCs by other ground-based telescope are variable from 1973 to 2020, particularly the magnitude difference between the two maxima. These phenomena indicate that the component has been active in the past 47 yr. In addition, during monitoring by the space telescope Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) from January to March 2020, we fortunately found continuous variations from the O’Connell effect in every cycle for the first time. The analysis also shows that in a short time, the positive O’Connell effect has been transformed into the negative one, which demonstrates that there are stronger magnetic activities on the surface of the component. By using the Wilson-Devinney code with a spot model, these photometric solutions confirm UV Lyn is a shallow W-subtype contact binary with a cool equatorial spot on the less massive component. The successive variability of the O’Connell effect possibly results from one equatorial cool spot shifting gradually along with time. We also investigated its O − C curve from these continuous LCs, and there is no apparent variation in such a short time. However, regarding the O’Connell effect as the indicator of magnetic activity indicates the system is possibly undergoing a periodic trend with a period of nearly 38 days. Comparing with the trend of the O − C curve, we could not find any relation between the period variation and magnetic activity.
The effect of modifying the nanostructure of gelatin fiber scaffolds on early angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Yanyi , Wang Xiaoxue , Hu Fei , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui , Steinberg Thorsten , Lan Zedong , Zhang Xueyang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Early angiogenesis is one of the key challenges in tissue regeneration. Crosslinking mode and fiber diameter are critical factors to affect the adhesion and proliferation of cells. However, whether and how these two factors affect early angiogenesis remain largely unknown. To address the issue, the optimal crosslinking mode and fiber diameter of gelatin fiber membrane for early angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro were explored in this work. Compared with the post crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with the same fiber diameter, the 700 nm diameter in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane was found to have smaller roughness (230.67 ± 19 nm) and stronger hydrophilicity (54.77° ± 1.2°), which were suitable for cell growth and adhesion. Moreover, the in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with a fiber diameter of 1000 nm had significant advantages in early angiogenesis over the two with fiber diameters of 500 and 700 nm by up-regulating the expression of Ang1, VEGF, and integrin-β1. Our findings indicated that the in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with a diameter of 1000 nm might solve the problem of insufficient blood supply in the early stage of soft tissue regeneration and has broad clinical application prospects in promoting tissue regeneration.
Dynamic modelling shows substantial contribution of ecosystem restoration to climate change mitigation
Authors: Littleton Emma W , Dooley Kate , Webb Gordon , Harper Anna B , Powell Tom , Nicholls Zebedee , Meinshausen Malte , Lenton Timothy M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Limiting global warming to a 1.5°C temperature rise requires drastic emissions reductions and removal of carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere. Most modelled pathways for 1.5°C assume substantial removals in the form of biomass energy with carbon capture and storage, which brings with it increasing risks to biodiversity and food security via extensive land-use change. Recently, multiple efforts to describe and quantify potential removals via ecosystem-based approaches have gained traction in the climate policy discourse. However, these options have yet to be evaluated in a systematic and scientifically robust way. We provide spatially explicit estimates of ecosystem restoration potential quantified with a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Simulations covering forest restoration, reforestation, reduced harvest, agroforestry and silvopasture were combined and found to sequester an additional 93 Gt C by 2100, reducing mean global temperature increase by ∼0.12°C (5%–95% range 0.06°C–0.21°C) relative to a baseline mitigation pathway. Ultimately, pathways to achieving the 1.5°C goal garner broader public support when they include land management options that can bring about multiple benefits, including ecosystem restoration, biodiversity protection, and resilient agricultural practices.
The statistical mechanics of near-BPS black holes
Authors: Heydeman Matthew , Iliesiu Luca V , Turiaci Gustavo J , Zhao Wenli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the failure of thermodynamics for low temperature near-extremal black holes, it has long been conjectured that a ‘thermodynamic mass gap’ exists between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state. For non-supersymmetric near-extremal black holes in Einstein gravity with an AdS
2 throat, no such gap was found. Rather, at that energy scale, the spectrum exhibits a continuum of states, up to non-perturbative corrections. In this paper, we compute the partition function of near-BPS black holes in supergravity where the emergent, broken, symmetry is PSU(1, 1|2). To reliably compute this partition function, we show that the gravitational path integral can be reduced to that of a

N
=
4

supersymmetric extension of the Schwarzian theory, which we define and exactly quantize. In contrast to the non-supersymmetric case, we find that black holes in supergravity have a mass gap and a large extremal black hole degeneracy consistent with the Bekenstein–Hawking area. Our results verify a plethora of string theory conjectures, concerning the scale of the mass gap and the counting of extremal micro-states.
Evaluation and development strategy of cattle breeding area-based on smallholder farmers community in Jambi
Authors: Sari D A P , Muladno  , Said S , Nahrowi  , Priyanto R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The efforts to increase the national beef cattle population can be done through the development of area-based beef cattle. SPR-IPB were an example of the concept of developing regional-based beef cattle farming based on smallholder communities. This study aimed to evaluated the area of beef cattle farming in SPR based on the profile of the farmer, institutions, existing livestock conditions and factors that influence the development of beef cattle farming. Surveys and observations were done in October-November 2020 at SPR Kuamang Abadi, Bungo District, Jambi. Ninety-nine farmers in 4 villages (Tirta Mulya, Lingga Kuamang, Cilodang, and Sumber Harapan) were involved in this study. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics were used in this study. The results of the area evaluation show that the SPR Kuamang Abadi was included in the category of built up area (score 600.5). Problems related to the development of beef cattle farming areas include the non-functioning of the organization’s internal divisions, limited facilities and animal health personnel, and underutilized financial institutions. The recommendation for the results of this study was the development of beef cattle farms at SPR Kuamang Abadi can be done by strengthening human resources and institutions, strengthening facilities and infrastructure, accelerating access to technology adoption and innovation, strengthening marketing strategies, and strengthening cooperation.
Gedong Gincu mango farmer’s perceptions toward the advantages and obstacles of the modern market
Authors: Ashari  , Saliem HP , Ariningsih E , Suhaeti R N , Septanti K S , Maulana M , De Faveri S , Johnson P , Shanmugam V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gedong gincu mango is an exotic fruit that can become an exclusive mango to supply the modern market. This paper aims to explore the perceptions of Gedong Gincu mango farmers toward their interests, advantages, and barriers to entering the modern market. The study was conducted in Indramayu and Cirebon Districts, West Java, during Juli‒Agustus 2019, with 102 farmers as respondents. This study applied a survey method for data collection using structured questionnaires. The data were descriptively analyzed with a focus on farmer’s perception of the modern market. The results showed that most respondents (>50%) in Indramayu and Cirebon Districts are interested in selling their mango to the modern market. The biggest advantages of the modern market are that they will get a higher price (75%), gain access to better quality seeds/seedlings (16.50%), and get technical assistance and new skills, especially for cultivating and handling yields (15.06%). This study also reveals factors that cause farmers reluctant to sell mangoes to the modern market. The main reason is that most farmers own small-scale farms, so they cannot meet modern market criteria (28.73%). Besides, farmers feel that the mango has low-quality products. Other farmers think they do not have the ability, experience, and sufficient information related to modern markets (14.94%). This study suggests that the government could encourage mango farmers to engage in the modern market by facilitating the training to improve farmer’s capability and provide a supplier who guarantees the supply’s payment and sustainability.
Consumption pattern intervention on cassava artificial rice and gluten free noodles
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Artificial rice is a staple food product that resembles rice grains from rice which is generally processed from raw materials such as flour. One area in the City of South Cimahi, in the village of Cirendeu. One way to improve food diversification is to intervene in the consumption pattern through the consumption of rice and gluten free noodles from cassava in the North Cimahi City area. The purpose of this research activity is to develop intervention patterns of consumption of rice and cassava free gluten noodles and an analysis of the public health characteristics. The consumption pattern is carried out in Aloe Vera farmer group, Citereup-North Cimahi, West Java. The consumption pattern is carried out by replacing rice from rice as a staple food and replaced with cassava from breakfast and lunch and gluten free noodles from cassava at dinner. The object researchs’ weight was relatively more stable during the intervention process of consumption patterns, although some object researchs showed a pattern of weight loss. The results of the analysis of blood sugar levels prior to and a consumption pattern intervention showed a trend of a decrease in blood sugar levels in some object researchs and a slight exclusion indicated an increase in blood sugar.
The measurement of food and nutrition security situation in Indonesia
Authors: Aryani D C , Hendriadi A , Rachman B , Hudasiwi M , Widiriani R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An appropriate analysis of the food security situation influences the decision-making and even planning of targeted intervention. Considering Indonesia’s vast area and different characteristics of each region, information on the food security situation for each region is needed for policy intervention. This paper conducted a composite analysis to obtain the food security situation of 416 districts in Indonesia. The weighting approach of nine indicators represented the three subsystems of food security, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization, was used for food security situation analysis. Of 416 districts, 81 were classified into food vulnerable region-based one a set of cut-off points used for districts classification. These vulnerable food regions were mainly characterized by the ratio between food production and normative consumption, the percentage of people living under the poverty line, and the prevalence of stunting. The information on vulnerable food regions and their underlying factors can be used as a basis for program intervention and policy formulation for food security in Indonesia. The program designed for food vulnerability alleviation should be located in the vulnerable food area and targeted to reduce those three underlying factors causing food vulnerability.
Environmentally friendly household food consumption behavior
Authors: Ariani M , Gantina A , Mauludyani AVR , Suryana A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural resources, namely land and water, as the main input factors for food production have undergone degradation in quantity and quality. On the other hand, demand for food has been growing due to population increase, which requires to intensify the use of natural resources that may harm environment. One of the solutions to this problem is by managing household food consumption pattern. This study aimed to analyze current and eco-friendly household consumption behavior in Indonesia to overcome the above problem. A technical review was conducted to various nationally representative publications, mainly from Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. Results of this study indicated that in 2020 the Indonesian average daily energy and protein intake has met the recommendation. However, based on Desirable Dietary Pattern score, food consumption pattern was not balanced, dominated by cereals as carbohydrate food sources, while consumption of tubers, legumes, animal protein sources, vegetables, and fruits were still inadequate. Among high income households, consumption of animal products exceeded the recommendation whereas production of this food requires the highest environmental resources. Meanwhile, a large proportion of food waste are produced by household, mostly in the form of vegetables and fruits. Driving factors of household food selection were mainly based on social, economic, and cultural aspects rather than environmental consideration. Therefore, to reduce environmental damage, environmentally friendly food consumption behavior should be promoted. Government together with nutritionist and agronomists should create a grand design of food system which balances productivity, sustainability, and community nutrition fulfillment.