bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of phosphate in restructured turkey steaks by the addition of eggshell calcium powder and low methoxyl pectin
Authors: Kavuşan H S , Yüncü Ö , Can Hilal , Serdaroğlu M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of eggshell calcium powder (ESCP) and/or low methoxyl pectin (LMP) as phosphate replacers on the quality parameters of restructured turkey steaks. ESCP, 0.25% or 0.50%, was added to formulation alone or in combination with 0.25% LMP in powder and gel forms. The pH increased with the addition of ESCP. Soluble protein content, water holding capacity, and cooking yield were higher in steaks formulated with ESCP+LMP gel compared to control steaks containing phosphate. Hardness of steaks was decreased by the addition of ESCP and pectin. Pectin in powder form negatively affected the preference of panelists. Oxidation in phosphate-free steaks was more pronounced than in other treatments. The results showed that the binding properties of phosphate could be achieved by using ESCP or ESCP+LMP gel.
Goat meat products
Authors: Stajic S , Pisinov B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In general, goat meat is not inferior to other meat types regarding nutritional and biological value–it has a high protein content (up to 29%), and it is a good source of minerals, vitamin B-complex, and essential amino acids. However, the meat of older and culled goats is less juicy, less tender, has a characteristically different odour and taste compared to kids’ goat meat (and meat of other animals), and thus tends to be less desirable. Different meat products could be produced using goat meat (including culled goat meat): dry-fermented sausages (e.g. sucuk), dry-cured meats (Violino di capra–goat prosciutto), frankfurters, mortadella, etc. without adverse effects on products' technological properties. The negative impact of goat meat on the properties of meat products is mainly associated with the use of goat fatty tissue. However, this could be overcome by using fatty tissue of other animals (e.g. pork back fat or beef fatty tissue).
The dry aged beef paradox: Why dry aging is sometimes not better than wet aging
Authors: Terjung N , Witte F , Bisschoff G , Gibis M , Heinz V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An increasing consumer demand for a higher quality and eating experience has led to a revisit to the dry aging process. Therefore, research also focuses on the effects of different dry aging methods and aims to improve the dry aging process. However, an optimal process cannot be defined and, unfortunately, most of the dry aging results only hold true for the individual experiment. If one repeats a dry aging process in a different facility, the result might differ. The paradox is that the same dry aging process in two different ripening chambers does not inevitably contribute to equal tenderness and flavor. Since this paradox has still not been understood well, this review presents results of the most relevant dry aging studies by illustrating different process parameters and cuts. Some conclusions which may be useful to explain the paradox are derived from the literature in order to understand the crucial factors and commonalities in the dry aging process.
Traditional meat preparations in the Balkans region
Authors: Trbovic D. , Petronijevic R. , Lakicevic B. , Nikolic A. , Bajcic A. , Sefer M. , Parunovic N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid (FA) profile and trans fatty acid (TFA) content of the Balkan’s traditional meat preparations. Twenty-four meat preparations were examined: fresh sausages, ćevapčići, pljeskavica and hamburger. Gas chromatography of FA and TFA was used. Trans fat was higher than the recommended value of 0.5% in ćevapčići, pljeskavica and hamburger (0.54-0.62%) and lower in fresh sausages (0.26%). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the atherogenicity index (AI), which was lower in fresh sausages (0.58) and ćevapčići (0.64) and pljeskavica (0.64) and highest in hamburger (0.77). Concerning thrombogenicity indices (TI), there was a significant difference (P < 0.05), being the lowest in fresh sausages (1.42), ćevapčići (1.28) and pljeskavica (1.40) and the highest in hamburger (1.82). AI and TI of traditional meat preparations were higher than recommended indices, 0.5 and 1.0, respectively, and so are not desirable for health protection. The n-6/n-3 ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in pljeskavica (10.76) and hamburger (7.30) compared with ćevapčići (22.25) and fresh sausages (28.41). Promotion of the Mediterranean diet requires changes in the food systems and public health policies to improve overall diet quality of individuals, communities, and populations.
The significance of Enterobacteriaceae as a process hygiene criterion in yogurt production
Authors: Vidakovic Knezevic S , Vranesevic J , Pelic M , Knezevic S , Kureljusic J , Milanov D , Ljubojevic Pelic D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented dairy products with a worldwide acceptance. There are many types of yogurt differing in flavor, physical and chemical properties. Yogurt is produced by adding bacterial culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus to milk and cream products. During the period from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 202 yogurts from different small and medium sized dairy plants were analyzed as part of HACCP self-control programs. The determination of Enterobacteriaceae was performed as an alternative indicator of good hygiene practice. The results showed that 21.29% of analyzed yogurts contained more than 10 CFU/g Enterobacteriaceae, which is the evidence of poor hygiene or inadequate processing, process failure and post-process contamination. Generally, dairy products are potential vehicles for microorganisms from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Good manufacturing practices and good hygiene practices must be followed throughout the production line thoroughly. The absence of classic foodborne pathogens does not indicate that the yogurt is fit for consumption, since other potentially pathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family could be present. Thus, rather than pathogen testing, using Enterobacteriaceae to monitor the effectiveness of implemented preventive prerequisite measures could offer a better view of the quality, sanitary conditions, and safety of yogurt products.
Nitrite content in meat products from the Serbian market and estimated intake
Authors: Vranic D , Koricanac V , Milicevic D , Djinovic-Stojanovic J , Geric T , Lilic S , Petrovic Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine levels of nitrites in some meat products sold on the Serbian market over a period of 3 years (2018-2020) and to compare results with maximum residue levels as well to discuss dietary exposure of the Serbian adult population to nitrites.A total of 1291 meat product samples, produced by the Serbian meat industry or imported (509 dry fermented sausages, 37 semi-dry fermented sausages, 451 finely minced cooked sausages and 294 coarsely minced cooked sausages), were obtained from the Serbian retail market during 2018-2020.Higher mean levels of nitrite content, expressed as NaNO2, were found in cooked sausages (40.35 mg kg-1, finely minced and 33.75 mg kg-1, coarsely minced) compared to fermented sausages (1.86 mg kg-1 dry fermented and 1.83 mg kg-1, semi-dry fermented).The average dietary exposure to nitrites, expressed as nitrite ion, for the Serbian adult population varies from 0.001 to 0.015 mg kg-1body weight (BW) day-1 and was far below the European acceptable daily intake (0.07 mg kg-1 BW day-1). In conclusion, the concentrations of nitrite in all meat products were below established maximum permitted levels (national and European), indicating that the use of nitrite as a food additive in Serbia is generally in line with existing regulations.
Optimization of acetylated starch films from purple sweet potato: effect of glycerol, carboxymethylcellulose, and stearic acid
Authors: Contreras-Chávez Rafael , Garnica-Romo Ma Guadalupe , Martínez-Flores Héctor Eduardo , de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas Juan , Anjos Carlos Alberto Rodrigues , Topete-Betancourt Alfonso 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to ascertain the optimal additive conditions to develop a film from an alternative source of modified starch, using the response surface methodology. The central composite design + points used factors to evaluate the effect of the independent variables (glycerol concentration: 0.3, 0.35, and 0.40 g g−1 starch; carboxymethylcellulose: 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/5 g starch; stearic acid 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 g/5 g starch) on the response variables (solubility, swelling, opacity, luminosity, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor permeability, and water activity). A simultaneous optimization was achieved using concentrations of glycerol 0.30 g g−1 starch, CMC 0.32 g/5 g starch, and stearic acid 0.007 g/5 g starch, which generated interesting properties validated through experimentation. Therefore, an ecological film was obtained that can be considered for food coating because it presented a low permeability to water vapor (0.0055 g ms−1MPa−1), a high percentage of elongation (91%), and a decrease in solubility (23%). This will also allow the incorporation of other compounds such as antioxidants, reinforcements, and sensors with favorable results, and with a positive perspective on the use of alternative sources of starch.
Inverse Dirichlet weighting enables reliable training of physics informed neural networks
Authors: Maddu Suryanarayana , Sturm Dominik , Müller Christian L , Sbalzarini Ivo F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We characterize and remedy a failure mode that may arise from multi-scale dynamics with scale imbalances during training of deep neural networks, such as physics informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs are popular machine-learning templates that allow for seamless integration of physical equation models with data. Their training amounts to solving an optimization problem over a weighted sum of data-fidelity and equation-fidelity objectives. Conflicts between objectives can arise from scale imbalances, heteroscedasticity in the data, stiffness of the physical equation, or from catastrophic interference during sequential training. We explain the training pathology arising from this and propose a simple yet effective inverse Dirichlet weighting strategy to alleviate the issue. We compare with Sobolev training of neural networks, providing the baseline of analytically ε-optimal training. We demonstrate the effectiveness of inverse Dirichlet weighting in various applications, including a multi-scale model of active turbulence, where we show orders of magnitude improvement in accuracy and convergence over conventional PINN training. For inverse modeling using sequential training, we find that inverse Dirichlet weighting protects a PINN against catastrophic forgetting.
Morphologic Markers of Acute and Chronic Stress in Child Abuse
Authors: Flomenbaum Mark A , Warner Ryan C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To elucidate pathologic markers of acute and chronic stress found but rarely reported in chronic child abuse.

Methods
Autopsies of 3 cases of fatal child abuse with well-documented chronic maltreatment are reported, with an emphasis on the nontraumatic findings of acute and chronic stress.

Results
Besides the overwhelming physical injuries, all 3 children and 1 additional case obtained for consultation had telogen effluvium, a form of alopecia well known to be associated with stress in adults and some children but never reported in chronic abuse. All 3 had the microscopic findings of markedly involuted thymus, a well-known marker of physiologic stress in children but only occasionally referred to in child abuse. All 3 also had microscopic findings of myocardial necrosis associated with supraphysiologic levels of catecholamine, a well-documented finding associated with stress but rarely reported in fatalities associated with child abuse. Two of the 3 children also had Anitschkow-like nuclear changes in cardiac tissue, markers associated with prior, nonischemic myocardial pathologies that may be associated with prior episodes of acute stress.

Conclusions
Pathologists are urged to explore these markers as supportive evidence in their own investigations of possible child abuse fatalities, especially when associated with stress.
Evaluating the Impact of Meningococcal Vaccines With Synthetic Controls
Authors: Prunas Ottavia , Weinberger Daniel M , Medini Duccio , Tizzoni Michele , Argante Lorenzo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has a low and unpredictable incidence, presenting challenges for real-world evaluations of meningococcal vaccines. Traditionally, meningococcal vaccine impact is evaluated by predicting counterfactuals from pre-immunization IMD incidences, possibly controlling for IMD in unvaccinated age groups, but the selection of controls can influence results. We retrospectively applied a synthetic control (SC) method, previously used for pneumococcal disease, to data from 2 programs for immunization of infants against serogroups B and C IMD in England and Brazil. Time series of infectious/noninfectious diseases in infants and IMD cases in older unvaccinated age groups were used as candidate controls, automatically combined in a SC through Bayesian variable selection. SC closely predicted IMD in absence of vaccination, adjusting for nontrivial changes in IMD incidence. Vaccine impact estimates were in line with previous assessments. IMD cases in unvaccinated age groups were the most frequent SC-selected controls. Similar results were obtained when excluding IMD from control sets and using other diseases only, particularly respiratory diseases and measles. Using non-IMD controls may be important where there are herd immunity effects. SC is a robust and flexible method that addresses uncertainty introduced when equally plausible controls exhibit different post-immunization behaviors, allowing objective comparisons of IMD programs between countries.
Deep graph representations embed network information for robust disease marker identification
Authors: Maddouri Omar , Qian Xiaoning , Yoon Byung-Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivationAccurate disease diagnosis and prognosis based on omics data rely on the effective identification of robust prognostic and diagnostic markers that reflect the states of the biological processes underlying the disease pathogenesis and progression. In this article, we present GCNCC, a Graph Convolutional Network-based approach for Clustering and Classification, that can identify highly effective and robust network-based disease markers. Based on a geometric deep learning framework, GCNCC learns deep network representations by integrating gene expression data with protein interaction data to identify highly reproducible markers with consistently accurate prediction performance across independent datasets possibly from different platforms. GCNCC identifies these markers by clustering the nodes in the protein interaction network based on latent similarity measures learned by the deep architecture of a graph convolutional network, followed by a supervised feature selection procedure that extracts clusters that are highly predictive of the disease state.ResultsBy benchmarking GCNCC based on independent datasets from different diseases (psychiatric disorder and cancer) and different platforms (microarray and RNA-seq), we show that GCNCC outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and reproducibility.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/omarmaddouri/GCNCC.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Latent space models for multiplex networks with shared structure
Authors: MacDonald P W , Levina E , Zhu J 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Latent space models are frequently used for modelling single-layer networks and include many popular special cases, such as the stochastic block model and the random dot product graph. However, they are not well developed for more complex network structures, which are becoming increasingly common in practice. In this article we propose a new latent space model for multiplex networks, i.e., multiple heterogeneous networks observed on a shared node set. Multiplex networks can represent a network sample with shared node labels, a network evolving over time, or a network with multiple types of edges. The key feature of the proposed model is that it learns from data how much of the network structure is shared between layers and pools information across layers as appropriate. We establish identifiability, develop a fitting procedure using convex optimization in combination with a nuclear-norm penalty, and prove a guarantee of recovery for the latent positions provided there is sufficient separation between the shared and the individual latent subspaces. We compare the model with competing methods in the literature on simulated networks and on a multiplex network describing the worldwide trade of agricultural products.
Governance and Informal Economies: Informality, Uncertainty and Street Vending in China
Authors: Jiang Anli , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow can people who work in the informal sector protect property rights and address uncertainties? Street vending forms an essential part of urban economies in developing countries like China, and most street vendors operate outside state regulation. They encounter market-based uncertainties and uncertainties caused by unpredictable enforcement. Empirical data collected in Guangzhou and Guilin suggests that street vendors form private governance organizations to solve resource limitations, allocate pitches and resist government interference. Street vendors who cannot rely on effective private governance organizations may purchase protection from a third party (e.g. agents of the state) to secure informal rights to a particular spot and avoid confiscation of their wares and equipment. This study contributes to existing literature on private governance and informality by empirically examining private governance institutions in an informal economy.
Region-Specific KCC2 Rescue by rhIGF-1 and Oxytocin in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
Authors: Gigliucci Valentina , Teutsch Jasper , Woodbury-Smith Marc , Luoni Mirko , Busnelli Marta , Chini Bice , Banerjee Abhishek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by dysfunction in neuronal excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, potentially impacting seizure susceptibility via deficits in K+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2) function. Mice lacking the Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) recapitulate many symptoms of RTT, and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) restores KCC2 expression and E/I balance in MeCP2 KO mice. However, clinical trial outcomes of rhIGF-1 in RTT have been variable, and increasing its therapeutic efficacy is highly desirable. To this end, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is promising, as it also critically modulates KCC2 function during early postnatal development. We measured basal KCC2 expression levels in MeCP2 KO mice and identified 3 key frontal brain regions showing KCC2 alterations in young adult mice, but not in postnatal P10 animals. We hypothesized that deficits in an IGF-1/OXT signaling crosstalk modulating KCC2 may occur in RTT during postnatal development. Consistently, we detected alterations of IGF-1 receptor and OXT receptor levels in those brain areas. rhIGF-1 and OXT treatments in KO mice rescued KCC2 expression in a region-specific and complementary manner. These results suggest that region-selective combinatorial pharmacotherapeutic strategies could be most effective at normalizing E/I balance in key brain regions subtending the RTT pathophysiology.
Effectiveness of Beta-Lactam plus Doxycycline for Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Uddin Moe , Mohammed Turab , Metersky Mark , Anzueto Antonio , Alvarez Carlos A , Mortensen Eric M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations to use doxycycline as part of combination therapy for some patients hospitalized with pneumonia, there is minimal evidence supporting this recommendation. Our aim was to examine the association between beta-lactam plus doxycycline and mortality for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods
We identified patients &gt;65 years of age admitted to any US Department of Veterans Affairs hospital in fiscal years 2002–2012 with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia. We excluded those patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy concordant with the 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) clinical practice guidelines. Using propensity score matching, we examined the association of doxycycline with 30- and 90-day mortality.

Results
Our overall cohort was comprised of 70533 patients and 5282 (7.49%) received doxycycline. Unadjusted 30-day mortality was 6.4% for those who received a beta-lactam plus doxycycline versus 9.1% in those who did not (P &lt; .0001), and 90-day mortality was 13.8% for those who received a beta-lactam + doxycycline versus 16.8% for those who did not (P &lt; .0001). In the propensity score matched models, both 30- (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], .63–.84) and 90-day (0.83, 95% CI, .74–.92) mortality were significantly lower for those who received doxycycline.

Conclusions
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we found that doxycycline use, as part of guideline-concordant antibiotic therapy, was associated with lower 30- and 90-day mortality than regimens without doxycycline. While this supports the safety and effectiveness of antibiotic regimes that include doxycycline, additional studies, especially randomized clinical trials, are needed to confirm this.