bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Antimicrobial Prescribing and Risk-adjusted Mortality
Authors: Pelletier Jonathan H. , Au Alicia K. , Fuhrman Dana , Zullo James , Thompson Ann E. , Clark Robert S.B. , Horvat Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends tracking risk-adjusted antimicrobial prescribing. Prior studies have used prescribing variation to drive quality improvement initiatives without adjusting for severity of illness. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between antimicrobial prescribing and risk-adjusted ICU mortality in the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database, assessed by IBM-Watson risk of mortality. A nested analysis sought to assess an alternative risk model incorporating laboratory data from federated electronic health records.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of pediatric ICU patients in PHIS between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2019, excluding patients admitted to a neonatal ICU, and a nested study of PHIS+ from 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2012. Hospital antimicrobial prescription volumes were assessed for association with risk-adjusted mortality.

Results:
The cohort included 953,821 ICU encounters (23,851 [2.7%] nonsurvivors). There was 4-fold center-level variability in antimicrobial use. ICU antimicrobial use was not correlated with risk-adjusted mortality assessed using IBM-Watson. A risk model incorporating laboratory data available in PHIS+ significantly outperformed IBM-Watson (c-statistic 0.940 [95% confidence interval 0.933–0.947] versus 0.891 [0.881–0.901]; P < 0.001, area under the precision recall curve 0.561 versus 0.297). Risk-adjusted mortality was inversely associated with antimicrobial prescribing in this smaller cohort using both the PHIS+ and Watson models (P = 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions:
Antimicrobial prescribing among pediatric ICUs in the PHIS database is variable and not associated with risk-adjusted mortality as assessed by IBM-Watson. Expanding existing administrative databases to include laboratory data can achieve more meaningful insights when assessing multicenter antibiotic prescribing practices.
Endoscopic Forehead Lift Using Pretrichial Vertical Incisions and Solid Suture Technique: Effective Fixation and Lesser Scar Formation
Authors: Doh GyeongHyeon , Han Dong Wan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Endoscopic forehead lift with frontal incisions behind anterior hairline has been used conventionally not to exposure scar on the forehead. Accordingly, patients with convex forehead, high hairline, and redundant forehead skin are regarded as not good candidates for endoscopic forehead lift. However, we introduce the advantages of pretrichial vertical incision on the forehead using techniques that minimize the risk of scar formation. Between December 2019 and April 2021, 73 patients who underwent endoscopic forehead lift using pretrichial vertical incision and cortical bone tunnel fixation method were enrolled in this study. One plastic surgeon independently assessed postoperative 6 months scar using Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating scale, which include clinician questions and patient questions. Seventy-three patients (67 women and 6 men) with a mean age of 54.5 years (range, 19– 76 years) were included in this study. Skin sutures were stitched out 7.15 days after surgery (range, 7–8 days). All patients were followed up over 6 months. ‘‘Overall impression” and ‘‘patient question’’ scored zero in all patients. In 14 patients, pencil-thin line was shown, and the other 1 patient showed a little hyperpigmentation in 1 scar out of 3 frontal scars. Erythema, track marks or suture marks, and hypertrophy/atrophy were scored zero in all patients. The worst total score was 1 in 15 patients. Pretrichial vertical incision with cortical bone tunnel fixation using nonabsorbable suture provides several advantages comparing to conventional incision behind anterior hairline. Scar, which is the only potential concern, was not substantive problem and can be overcome with our techniques.
Accuracy of risk tools to predict critical bleeding in major trauma: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Gianola Silvia , Castellini Greta , Biffi Annalisa , Porcu Gloria , Napoletano Antonello , Coclite Daniela , D'Angelo Daniela , Fauci Alice Josephine , Iacorossi Laura , Latina Roberto , Salomone Katia , Gupta Shailvi , Iannone Primiano , Chiara Osvaldo 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Early detection of critical bleeding by accurate tools can help ensure rapid delivery of blood products to improve outcomes in major trauma patients. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the accuracy of risk tools to predict critical bleeding in patients with major trauma.

METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched up to February 2021 for studies investigating risk tools to predict critical bleeding for major trauma people in prehospital and emergency department. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy study guidelines. Two independent authors included studies, extracted data, appraised the quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 and assessed the certainty of evidence (CoE) using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Sensitivity, specificity, and the receiver operating characteristics curve for all selected triage tools.

RESULTS
Eighty-nine observational studies for adults and 12 observational studies for children met our inclusion criteria. In adults, we found 23 externally validated and 28 unvalidated tools; in children, 3 externally validated tools and 5 unvalidated. In the externally validated tools, we identified those including clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound assessments. Among tools including only a clinical assessment, the Shock Index showed high sensitivity and specificity with the CoE ranging from very low to moderate in adults, as well as Shock Index Pediatric Age adjusted with a moderate CoE. We found that tools using clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound assessments were overall more accurate than those tools without all three components.

CONCLUSION
Clinicians should consider risk tools to predict critical bleeding in a time-sensitive setting like major life-threatening trauma. The Shock Index and Shock Index Pediatric Age adjusted are easy and handy tools to predict critical bleeding in the prehospital setting. In the emergency department, however, many other tools can be used, which include laboratory and ultrasound assessments, depending on staff experience and resources.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; Level III.
Real-time conversion of tissue-scale mechanical forces into an interdigitated
growth pattern
Authors: Belteton Samuel A. , Li Wenlong , Yanagisawa Makoto , Hatam Faezeh A. , Quinn Madeline I. , Szymanski Margarete K. , Marley Mathew W. , Turner Joseph A. , Szymanski Daniel B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The leaf epidermis is a dynamic biomechanical shell that integrates growth
across spatial scales to influence organ morphology. Pavement cells, the
fundamental unit of this tissue, morph irreversibly into highly lobed cells that
drive planar leaf expansion. Here we define how tissue-scale cell wall tensile
forces and the microtubule-cellulose synthase systems pattern interdigitated
growth in real-time. A morphologically potent subset of cortical microtubules
span the periclinal and anticlinal cell faces to pattern cellulose fibers that
generate a patch of anisotropic wall. The result is local polarized growth that
is mechanically coupled to the adjacent cell via a pectin-rich middle lamella,
and this drives lobe formation. Finite element pavement cell models revealed
cell wall tensile stress as an upstream patterning element that links cell- and
tissue-scale biomechanical parameters to interdigitated growth. Cell lobing in
leaves is evolutionarily conserved, occurs in multiple cell types, and is
associated with important agronomic traits. Our general mechanistic models of
lobe formation provide a foundation to analyze the cellular basis of leaf
morphology and function.
The Intrathecal Morphine for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (IMPELD) Study: Rationale and Protocol for a Double-blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Lei Yue , Feng Zhang , Guanzhang Mu , Meixia Shang , Haolin Sun , Zengmao Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), a minimally invasive spinal technique for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), has gained popularity globally and yielded satisfying results. However, PELD is often performed on awaking patients to avoid nerve injury, thus the intraoperative analgesia of PELD is sometimes insufficient. The effect of intrathecal morphine (ITM) has been well proved in various surgical specialties, and this study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of ITM on PELD.MethodsThe intrathecal morphine for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IMPELD) trial is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The 90 eligible LDH patients undergoing PELD will be randomly assigned to receive either ITM or placebo during spinal anesthesia, at a 1:1 ratio, with a one-month follow-up period. Average intraoperative pain intensity will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures include intraoperative pain intensity assessed at each 30 min intraoperatively, postoperative pain intensity, perioperative analgesia requirements, functional evaluation, radiographic characteristics, overall satisfaction, other characteristics and adverse events.DiscussionCurrently, there is a lack of scientific evidence to provide a reliable method to reduce intraoperative pain of PELD. The IMPELD trial was designed to provide evidence regarding whether 100 ug of ITM is an effective and safe coanalgesic approach for PELD procedure.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier ChiCTR2000039842). Registered on November 11th, 2020.
Does the application of Robotics improve outcomes of pedicle screw insertion in spine surgery compared to conventional fluoroscopy guidance? A protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Baburaj Vishnu , Kumar Prasoon , Dhatt Sarvdeep Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPedicle screw insertion is routinely carried out in spine surgery that has traditionally been performed under fluoroscopy guidance. Robotic guidance has recently gained popularity in order to improve the accuracy of screw placement. However, it is unclear whether the use of robotics alters the accuracy of screw placement or clinical outcomes.ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to compare the results of pedicle screws inserted under fluoroscopy guidance, with those inserted under robotic guidance, in terms of both short-term radiographic outcomes, as well as long-term clinical outcomes.MethodsThis systematic review will be conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search will be conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Ovid with a pre-determined search strategy. A manual bibliography search of included studies will also be done. Original articles in English that directly compare pedicle screw insertion under robotic guidance to those inserted under fluoroscopy guidance will be included. Data on outcomes will be extracted from included studies and analysis carried out with the help of appropriate software.
Down-regulation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated smokers
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Teng Fei , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Hongye , Liang Te , Guo Shubin , Yu Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVaccination is an effective approach to help control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, since the vaccines produce a heterogenous immune response, the risk of breakthrough infection is increased in vaccinated individuals who generate low levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). It is therefore paramount in the fight against COVID-19 to identify individuals who have a higher risk of breakthrough infection despite being vaccinated. Here we addressed the effect of cigarette smoking on the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following COVID-19 vaccination since smoking profoundly suppresses the adaptive immune response to pathogen infection and the association between vaccination and smoking remains unclear. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies and NAbs (days 0, 14, 42, and 90) were measured in 164 participants received two vaccine doses of an inactivated vaccine (Sinovac-CoronaVac) longitudinally. Anti-Spike antibodies was elevated 14 and 42 days after COVID-19 vaccination compared to baseline (i.e., “Day 0”). Notably, RBD antibodies showed significantly higher expression in the nonsmoking group (n=153) than the smoking (n=11) group on day 42 (p<0.0001, Student’s t-test). NAbs continually increased after the first and second vaccine dose, peaking on day 42. NAbs titers then significantly decreased until day 90. Compared to nonsmokers, the NAb levels in smokers remained low throughout the period of testing. The median NAb titers in the smoking group was 1.40-, 1.32-, or 3.00-fold lower than that of nonsmoking group on day 14, 42, or 90, respectively. Altogether, our results indicate that smoking is a specific risk factor for COVID-19 breakthrough infection following vaccination.
Personal Resources, Emotion Regulation, Parenting Style, Social Support On Cyberbullying Victims: A Literature Review
Authors: Agustiningsih Nia , Rumambo Pandin Moses Glorino 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCyberbullying is a teenage phenomenon that needs attention because it causes serious short-term and long-term impacts in all aspects of health. The right coping strategies are needed by teenagers to be able to face cyberbullying so that teenagers have good resilience. The purpose of this literature review is to find out what are the important things that need to be considered in cyberbullying victims. The method of writing this article is a literature review of 25 articles with the year 2019-2021 published from the Scopus, Science direct, SAGE and Proquest databases. The method of searching and selecting articles used The Center for Review and Dissemination and the Joanna Briggs Institute Guideline and PRISMA Checklist with selection criteria using the PICOS approach. The results of the literature review show that Personal Resources, Emotional Regulation, Parenting Patterns and Support from Peers, Family/Parents, and Teachers is an important thing that needs to be considered for victims of cyberbullying. Furthermore, Adolescents need to get promotive and interventional programs to improve their abilities in coping strategies against cyberbullying and bullying so that with the right coping strategies they will feel good welfare and optimal academic achievement at school.
Associations of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disability, and Special Education in U.S. Children
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Li Yaping , Geng Xiaozhen , Zhang Xin , Xiao Yanfeng , Wang Wenjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost infections of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is potentially neurotropic, occurred in childhood, but little is known about its association with child neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsWe determined whether EBV seropositivity was associated with parent-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability, or special education utilization among children, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. Potential confounding factors were adjusted using survey logistic regression models.ResultsEBV seroprevalence was 69.6% (95% CI, 67.1%-72.1%) for U.S. children aged 6-19. The prevalence was 8.86% (95% CI, 7.47%-10.47%) for ADHD among 6-19 year olds, 11.70% (95% CI, 9.84%-13.87%) for learning disability among 6-15 year olds, and 10.18% (95% CI, 8.58%-12.05%) for special education among 6-17 year olds. Children with positive anti-EBV had higher crude prevalence rates of learning disability and special education but not ADHD compared with those with negative anti-EBV. The adjusted odds ratios were 2.76 (95% CI, 1.53-4.96) for learning disability, 3.58 (95% CI, 1.92-6.55) for special education, and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.42-1.38) for ADHD, when comparing children with positive and negative anti-EBV.ConclusionsEBV seropositivity was associated with learning disability and special education among U.S. children. Future studies that longitudinally examine the associations are warranted.
Characterization of the genetic relationship between the domains of sleep and circadian-related behaviors with substance use phenotypes
Authors: Hatoum Alexander S. , Winiger Evan A. , Morrison Claire L. , Johnson Emma C. , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSleep problems and substance use frequently cooccur. While substance use can often manifest as specific sleep deficits, genetic pleiotropy could also explain part of the relationship between sleep and substance use. Here we assess the genetic overlap between substance use behaviors and both sleep and circadian-related activity measures by deriving genetic clusters between these domains and testing processes of causality vs. horizontal pleiotropy using the largest publicly available genome-wide summary statistics of substance use behaviors (N= 79,729 - 632,802) and sleep/activity phenotypes/endophenotypes to date (N=85,502 - 449,734). We found 31 genetic correlations between substance use and sleep/activity measures after Bonferroni correction. Two specific genetic clusters explained our patterns of overlap. Genes associated with tobacco use severity (age of first regular tobacco use and smoking cessation) share overlap with elements of sleep health (sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and chronotype). Substance consumption (drinks per day and cigarettes per day) and problematic substance use behaviors (cannabis use disorder, opioid use disorder, and problematic alcohol use) clustered strongly with problematic measures of sleep (insomnia, self-reported short sleep duration, increased number of sleep episodes, increased sleep duration variability, diurnal inactivity) as well as measures of circadian-related activity (L5, M10, and sleep midpoint). Latent causal variable analyses determined that horizontal pleiotropy (rather than causality) underlies a majority of the associations between substance use and sleep/circadian related measures, except one plausible genetically causal relationship for opioid use disorder on self-reported long sleep duration. Results indeed show significant genetic overlap between substance use and sleep/circadian-related activity measures.
Oral antiviral clevudine compared with placebo in Korean COVID-19 patients with moderate severity
Authors: Song Joon-Young , Kim Yeon-Sook , Eom Joong-Sik , Kim Jin-Yong , Lee Jin-Soo , Lee Jacob , Choi Won-Suk , Heo Jung-Yeon , Sohn Jang-Wook , Lee Ki-Deok , Cho Donghui , Cho Ilyoung , Kim Woo-Joo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundClevudine, an antiviral drug for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, is expected to inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Therefore, we conducted a prospective, single-blind, proof of concept clinical study to examine the antiviral efficacy and safety of clevudine compared to placebo in Korean corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients with moderate severity.MethodsAdults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptom onset within 7 days were randomized 2:1 to 120 mg clevudine or placebo to receive one of treatments orally once-daily for 14 days. Antiviral efficacy outcomes were the proportion of patients with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative result for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cycle threshold (Ct) value changes from baseline. Clinical efficacy outcomes included proportion of patients who showed improvement in lung involvement by imaging tests, proportion of patients with normal body temperature, proportion of patients with normal oxygen saturation, and the changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) from baseline. Safety outcomes included changes in clinical laboratory tests, vital signs measurement, and physical examination from baseline, and incidence of adverse events.ResultsThe proportion of patients with real-time RT-PCR negative test and Ct value changes showed no significant difference between clevudine group and placebo group. The changes in Ct value from baseline were significantly greater in clevudine group compared to placebo group in patients with hypertension, and patients who underwent randomization during the first 5 and 7 days after the onset of symptoms. All clinical efficacy outcomes had no significant difference between clevudine group and placebo group. Clevudine was well tolerated and there was no significant difference in safety profile between two treatment groups.ConclusionsThis is the first clinical study to compare the antiviral efficacy and safety of clevudine to placebo in Korean COVID-19 patients with moderate severity. The study has demonstrated a possible favorable outcome for the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication, with acceptable safety profile, when COVID-19 patients were treated with clevudine. Further large-scale clinical studies, preferably with various clinical endpoints and virus titer evaluation, are required to better understand the effectiveness of using clevudine in COVID-19 treatment. Considering recent trend in clinical development for antiviral drugs, we need to design a clinical study aiming for reducing clinical risk of COVID-19 in mild to moderate patients with at least one risk factor for serious illness.
Germline Allelic Expression of Genes at 17q22 Locus Associates with Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Esteves Filipa , Xavier Joana M. , Ford Anthony M. , Rocha Cátia , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Caldas Carlos , Chin Suet-Feung , Maia Ana-Teresa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTranslation of GWAS findings into preventive approaches is challenged by identifying the causal risk variants and understanding their biological mechanisms. We present a novel approach using AE ratios to perform quantitative case-control analysis to identify risk associations, causal regulatory variants, and target genes. Using the breast cancer risk locus 17q22 to validate this approach, we found a significant shift in the AE patterns of STXBP4 (rs2628315) and COX11 (rs17817901) in the normal breast tissue of cases and healthy controls. Preferential expression of the G-rs2628315 and A-rs17817901 alleles, more often observed in cases, was associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Analysis of blood samples from cases and controls found a similar association. Furthermore, we identified two putative cis-regulatory variants – rs17817901 and rs8066588 – that affect a miRNA and a transcription factor binding site, respectively. Our work reveals the power of integrating AE data in cancer risk studies and presents a novel approach to identifying risk - case-control association analysis using AE ratios.