bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Information Dissemination in Uganda: Perspectives from Sub-National Health Workers
Authors: Fergus Cristin Alexis , Storer Elizabeth , Arinaitwe Moses , Kamurari Solomon , Adriko Moses 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In many places, health workers at the sub-national level are on the frontlines of disseminating information about coronavirus (COVID-19) to communities. To ensure communities are receiving timely and accurate information, it is vital health workers are kept abreast of the most recent recommendations, and guidance.Methods: An electronic survey was implemented to provide insights about the dissemination and utilisation of information and evidence related to the COVID-19 pandemic by health workers engaged at sub-national levels of the Ugandan health system. The aim of this survey was to provide insights about the dissemination and utilisation of information and evidence related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic by individuals engaged at sub-national levels of the health system.Results: Mass media and public health campaigns and outreach activities were deemed the most suitable means to reach communities with COVID-19 information. Given the reported disruption to public outreach campaigns, this is a particularly important consideration for the provision of information to communities. All materials should be adapted to the local context. The need for information on homecare of COVID-19 patients was highlighted, along with the need for updated local statistics as to COVID-19 cases to be relayed for health workers at sub-national levels.Conclusions: Understanding the sources of information used by health workers can facilitate the transfer of relevant and timely information, which in turn increases the use of such information by the Ugandan population. It is vital that these issues are continued to be monitored, and communication modes and content are actively responsive to the time- and place-specific needs of health workers and community members.
Burdens of family caregivers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. A qualitative study of social media posts
Authors: Fieselmann Jana , Wahidie Diana , Yilmaz-Aslan Yüce , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

A large proportion of people in need of care in Germany are cared for at home by relatives. Caregiving is associated with various burdens for family caregivers. The Covid-19 pandemic and the protective measures to restrict public life such as social distancing and the closure of services and educational institutions, add further challenges. Little is known about how they are perceived by family caregivers. Based on an analysis of social media posts, the aim of the present study was to explore the additional strains family caregivers experience during the pandemic.
Methods

The German-language versions of the social media sites Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube comments were systematically searched with regard to the pandemic-related burdens of family caregivers and examined using qualitative content analysis. The search was conducted from Nov 24, 2020 to Dec 8, 2020. A total of 237 social media posts were included in the data analysis.
Results

Seven main categories with varying numbers of subcategories were identified: Care and support (lack of care and support services, care in case of illness or quarantine), deterioration of the condition of the person being cared for, psychological challenges, financial challenges, infection control, access to protective equipment (questions and problems regarding infection control measures), and acknowledgement of family caregivers (consideration of relatives of children or people with disabilities, unequal treatment, and consideration in the context of protective measures).
Conclusions

Family caregivers are affected by additional burdens during the pandemic, which make it is necessary to develop support and relief services tailored to this population group. The results of the present study can contribute to the development of respective diversity-sensitive support services.
A Risk Model for Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Based on Clinical Parameters and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System using Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Japanese Cohort.
Authors: Hayashida Michikata , Tanaka Naoto , Oka Suguru , Urakami Shinji , Sakaguchi Kazushige 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:To selectively identify men with clinically significant prostate cancer (sPC) is pivotal issue. To develop a risk model for detecting sPC based on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and clinical parameters in a Japanese cohort is expected beneficial.MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2016, we retrospectively analyzed clinical parameters and bpMRI findings from 773 biopsy-naïve patients. A risk model was established using multivariate logistic regression analysis and was presented on a nomogram. Discrimination of the risk model was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Statistical differences between the predictive model and clinical parameters were analyzed using DeLong’s test.ResultssPC was detected in 343 men (44.3%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict sPC, age (P=0.002), log prostate-specific antigen (P<0.001), prostate volume (P<0.001) and PI-RADS scores (P<0.001) contributed significantly to the model. The risk model showed a higher area under the curve (0.862), than age (0.646), log prostate-specific antigen (0.652), prostate volume (0.697) and imaging scores (0.822). DeLong test results also showed that the novel risk model performed significantly better compared with those parameters (P<0.05).ConclusionsThis novel risk model performed significantly better compared with PI-RADS scores and other parameters alone, and is thus expected to provide benefits in making decisions to biopsy on suspicion of sPC.
Dynamics of Vaginal Microbiota During Estrous Cycle in Cows through Metagenomic Approach
Authors: Purohit Kishan , Patel Kajal , Gohil Purva , Chavada Dhruvil , Puvnvar Apurva , Savaliya Nitin , Suthar Vishal Surendrakumar , Patil Deepak B , Joshi Madhavi , Joshi Chaitanya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Using 16s rRNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region, the present study is aimed to check vaginal microbiota diversity throughout different stages of the estrous cycle, with attention to hormonal changes and microorganism diversity. Metagenomic research was conducted on vaginal swab samples obtained from healthy cows' at different stages of the estrous cycle. Results: Total sixteen cows were synchronized with dobble PG regime. Nine cows demonstrated estrus within 96 hours and were eligible for the experiment. Vaginal samples for metagenomics and blood samples for hormonal analysis were collected during estrus, metestrus, diestrus and proestrus of synchronized Estrous cycle. The study's findings revealed that the diestrus phase has a different diversity than the other three estrous cycle phases, implying that hormones affect bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the most abundant phyla at the phylum level, accounting for 94 % of bacterial diversity. Actinobacteriota, Patescibacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, and others are fewer common phyla. Proteobacteria are most common throughout the estrus, metestrus, and proestrus stages of the estrous cycle at the phylum level, there was no discernible distinction between the follicular and luteal phases. After statistical correction, Bacillaceae, Alcaligenes, and Enterobacteriaceae & Morganellacea families are more significant. At the diestrus stage, the Family Enterobacteriaceae is lower than at other stages; otherwise, all statistically significant genera are high at diestrus stages. The luteal phase had higher levels of Micrococcus, Stenotrophomonas, UGC-010, Massilia, and Methylobacillus than the follicular phase, however, statistical analysis revealed no substantial difference between the two phases. Lactobacillus genus is present on two samples including the estrus stage and diestrus stages. Conclusions: This study represents an important step towards the understanding of microbial diversity within different stages of the estrous cycle of the dairy cow. The study results revealed dynamics of metabiota during estrous cycle.
Mortality Cause in Goldsmith Workers of Bangladesh: Findings From Verbal Autopsy
Authors: Khan Fahmida Afroz , Khalequzzaman Md. , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Rahman Ataur , Rayna Shahrin Emdad , Rahman K M Thouhidur , Islam Syed Shariful 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Information on the mortality causes of goldsmith workers in Bangladesh is very limited. This study was conducted to find out the causes of death in this group of population.Methods: The study subject was deceased goldsmith workers where face-to-face interviews were conducted with the family members who were present during the deceased's illness preceding death. A World Health Organization recommended questionnaire was adapted to conduct 20 deceased goldsmith workers' verbal autopsy. Causes of death were determined by reviewing the outcomes of the interviews by the expert physicians.Results: The mean age of the goldsmith workers at death was 59.2 ± 9.3 years. Among the deceased goldsmith workers, 70.0% were smokers, and 50.0% of them were alcohol consumers. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the most common immediate and underlying cause of death (55.0% and 45.0%, respectively). Acute ischemic heart disease was the single most common (30.0%) immediate cause of death among the deceased goldsmith workers, whereas, for underlying causes of death, it was both acute and chronic ischemic heart diseases (35.0%).Conclusions: The life expectancy of goldsmith workers was much lower than the average life expectancy of Bangladesh, where CVD was the common cause of death. Smoking and alcohol consumption were prevalent among the majority of the deceased goldsmith workers. Awareness of healthy lifestyles should be prioritized for a successful CVD control program for this population. Trial registration: Not applicable.
WITHDRAWN: Emotional Regulation Strategies (ER) Used by Trainees to Overcome Negative Emotions
Authors: Butt Fauzia , Mahboob Usman , Wajid Gohar , Khan Rehan Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Trainee doctors undergo a complex process of emotional labour at the workplace. The presence of any negative emotion affects not only their professional and caring competency but also their mental health. The purpose of this study is to identify the use of different emotion regulation (ER) strategies in Sad, Disgust, Fear, Anger, and Shock situations, and to determine the frequency and the predominant pattern of emotional response in the emotion triggering situations. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in two public and one private-sector medical college in Lahore, Pakistan, in 2019. Gross Theory of emotion and situational model of emotion regulation was used to develop a questionnaire and to interpret the findings. Based on Gross Theory, emotion regulation strategies were situation selection (SS), situation modification (SM), cognitive change (CC), attention deployment (AD), and response modulation (RM). The results were analysed using chi-square and repeated-measures ANOVA on SPSS 25.Results: Out of the 377 trainees, 308 participated in this study. Most of them were from the Obstetrics & Gynaecology (43.2%) department and in the Year-1 of training (37.7%). The most frequent emotion triggering situation was prolonged working hours (95%). The major emotional response was quietness (50%) and this reaction was observed in situations of the rude behaviour of patients and their attendants toward staff (60%). The trainees used greater ER strategies in sad situations (Mean 3.49 ± 1.79; F=1823, p <0.01). Trainees managed sad emotions by keeping themselves involved in other activities (49%) and with an outward response (50%). In anger; they blamed others (40.3%) and ruminated (32.8%). In fear; suppression of emotions (28.6%) and focus on the task (23.1%) were the most common ER strategies. When disgusted, avoidance (29.2%); and suppression of emotions (28.9%) were used. In shock, acceptance (12.7%) and suppression of emotion (8.4%) were preferred ER strategies. Conclusion: Trainees struggle to manage emotions and use maladaptive strategies that are avoiding situations, focusing on other activities, blaming others, rumination, thought suppression, and outward behaviours. Developing emotional skill programs to manage negative emotions can improve mental health, job satisfaction, and patient care.
A Vibration Sensor Approach to Detect Intra-Articular Needle Tip Placement in the Knee Joint
Authors: Apinyankul Rit , Siriwattanasit Kritsada , Srungboon Kakanand , Witayakom Witchaporn , Kosuwan Weerachai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Intra-articular injection in the dry knee joint is technically challenging particularly for the beginners. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of the vibration sensor to detect if the needle tip was at the knee intra-articular position by characterizing the frequency component of the vibration signal during empty syringe air injection.Methods: Two milliliters of air were injected supero-laterally at extra- and intra-articular positions of a cadaveric knee joint, using needles of size 18, 21 and 24 gauge. Ultrasonography was used to confirm the positions of needle tip. A piezoelectric accelerometer was mounted medially on the knee joint to collect the vibration signals which were analyzed to characterize the frequency components of the signals during injections. Results: The vibration frequency band power in the range of 500-1,500 Hertz was visually observed to potentially localize the needle tip placement during air injection whether they were at the knee extra-articular or intra-articular positions, as demonstrated by the higher band power (over -40 decibel or dB) for all the needle sizes. The differences of frequency band power between extra- and intra-articular positions were 18.1 dB, 26.4 dB and 39.2 dB for the needle size 18, 21 and 24 gauge respectively. The most obvious difference was found in the smallest needle diameter.Conclusions: A vibration sensor approach was preliminarily proved to distinguish the intra-articular from extra-articular needle placement in the knee joint. This study demonstrated a possible alternative electronic device implementation of this technique to detect the intra-articular knee injection.
WITHDRAWN: Deep Learning-based Fatigue Cracks Detection in Bridge Girders Using Feature Pyramid Networks
Authors: Li Jun , Jin Zhenfen , Shu Jiangpeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For structural health monitoring and inspection of infrastructures, continuous and automatic crack detection has been a challenging problem. This study is conducted to propose a framework of automatic crack segmentation from high-resolution images containing crack information about steel box girders of bridges. Considering the multi-scale feature of cracks, a processing flow based on convolutional neural network architecture of Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) for high-resolution crack images is proposed. In the experiments, 120 raw images of 3264 × 4928 pixels or 3864 × 5152 pixels are processed via two approaches (the proposed method and shrinking the size of images). The comparison results show FPN in the proposed method can achieve the highest Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.78 and the lowest Dice loss of 0.12. When shrinking the size of high-resolution images, details of crack edges are lost and the segmentation accuracy is reduced. The proposed method can maintain the original information of high-resolution images and perform automatic and accurate pixel-wise crack detection.
Low Physical Activity Is Associated With Impaired Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Controls After 5 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Baier Jonathan Mathias , Funck Kristian Løkke , Vernstrøm Liv , Laugesen Esben , Poulsen Per Løgstrup 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The long-term association between physical activity and endothelial function has not previously been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and endothelial function, estimated by peripheral arterial tonometry, in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls after 5 years of follow-up. Methods: We included 51 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 53 sex- and age matched controls. Participants underwent baseline clinical characterization including objective measures of physical activity level using accelerometery. After 5 years of follow-up, participants were re-examined, and endothelial function was assessed as natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index (lnRHI).Results: Physical activity at baseline was associated with lnRHI after 5 years of follow-up in both patients with type 2 diabetes and controls. An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in daytime physical activity corresponded to a 6.7% increase in RHI (95% confidence interval: 1.1;12.5%, p = 0.02). We found no difference in lnRHI between patients with diabetes and controls (0.67 ± 0.29 vs. 0.73 ± 0.31, p = 0.28).Conclusions: Daytime physical activity is associated with endothelial function after 5 years of follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.
Relaxing symmetry rules for nonlinear optical interactions via strong light-matter coupling
Authors: Khatoniar Mandeep , Bushati Rezlind , Mekkawy Ahmed , Dirnberger Florian , Alu Andrea , Menon Vinod 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been in the limelight for the past decade as a candidate for several
optoelectronic devices, and as a versatile test bed for various fundamental light-matter interaction phenomena thanks to their exceptional linear optical properties arising from their large binding energy, strong spin-orbit coupling and valley physics in the monolayer (ML) limit. They also boast strong non-linear properties fortied by excitonic responses in these systems. However, the strong second order non-linear responses are mostly restricted to the ML limit owing to crystal symmetry requirements, posing several limitations in terms of smaller interaction length and lower damage threshold. Here we demonstrate a self-hybridized exciton-polariton system in bulk WSe2 that allows us to relax the crystal symmetry rules that govern second order
non-linearities. The demonstrated polariton system shows intense Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) when the fundamental
wavelength is resonant with the lower polariton, with an efficiency comparable to the one from a ML WS2 when excited at
the same fundamental wavelength and intensity. We model this phenomenon by considering a system with alternating second-
order susceptibilities under an asymmetric electric field profile determined by the polariton mode. Helicity resolved polarization experiments show very similar non-linear response as the one from a ML where the helicity of the SHG
flips with respect to the fundamental harmonic. This polaritonic system offers a platform to leverage robust second order non-linear response from centrosymmetric systems, while at the same time allowing access to third-order non-linearity inherent in strongly coupled
systems.
Understanding Hesitancy Towards Vaccination Against SARS-COV2 Among Health Professionals in Tunisia
Authors: Zammit Nawel , ElGuedr Amani , Brahem Aïcha , Ghammam Rim , Fredj Sihem Ben , Ayouni Imen , Sr Chaima , Chouchene Asma , Kalboussi Houda , ElMaalel Olfa , Chatti Souhaeil , Maatoug Jihene , Ghannem Hassen , Mrizak Néjib 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the end of 2019, the world was seriously upset by the emergence of the “COVID-19 disease. Vaccines that were authorized for emergency use in a wide range of countries brought a glimmer of hope. However, sufficient vaccination coverage is conditioned by the people’s acceptance of these vaccines especially by health professionals. Indeed, they represent the leaders of the current war against COVID-19. Several studies focused on this issue in developed countries. However, few were reported from developing ones including Tunisia.Objective:The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the predictors of hesitancy towards the vaccination against the SARS-COV2 among the Tunisian health professionals.Methods: A cross-sectional study was led online between the 7th and the 21th of January 2021 among Tunisian health professionals. A number of at least 460 participants was required. Snowball sampling method served to recruit participants. Data were collected using a pre-established and pre-tested questionnaire recorded in a free Google form. The link of the questionnaire was disseminated online to be self-administered anonymously to the participants. The generated online Google Sheet was uploaded and exported to SPSS software. Responses of non eligible participants were deleted before analysis.Results: Of the 546 responses, 493 were retained. The mean age was 37.4 (±9.5) years. Females represented 70.2% of participants. Social media represented the most frequently used source of information about SARS-COV2 (reported by 66.9% of participants). Prevalence of hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination was 51.9% (95% CI: 47.5-56.3)). Fear of eventual harmful components in the upcoming vaccines, female gender and having its professional activity far from the capital predicted more hesitancy among participants. However, a history of previous infection by SARS-COV2 and the use of the official national site for information about COVID19 predicted less hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusions: An effective national information campaign is required to reduce hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination among Tunisian Health professionals. More international solidarity would increase vaccine availability in developing countries such Tunisia and ensure therefore faster resolution of the current pandemic.