bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Concomitant DCIS Affect the Clinical Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: an Asian Perspective
Authors: Lee Wai Peng , Sudhakar Spoorthi Shetty , Seah Chin Mui Jaime , Tan Pei Ting , Tan Su Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an established precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and its coexistence with IDC appear to favour reduced biological aggressiveness. Its prognostic implication and ability to affect clinical outcome has been understudied in Asia. This study aims to explore if concomitant DCIS affects the clinical behavior and outcomes among Asians. MethodsStage I to III breast cancer patients with histologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma, diagnosed and treated in a single institution from 1 June 2004 to 30 June 2014 were included in this study. Statistical analyses were conducted using x2 test, independent T- test, multi-variate logistic regression and Kaplan- Meier test.ResultsA total of 818 patients were identified, including 224 and 594 patients with isolated IDC (No-DCIS) and IDC with coexisting DCIS (IDC-DCIS) respectively. Patients with IDC-DCIS were found to have smaller tumours (median: 22mm, p<=0.01), estrogen receptor positivity (p=0.001), progesterone receptor positivity (p<0.001) and associated with better pathological stage (p=0.001). Patients with No-DCIS were 1.6 times more likely to develop disease progression (95% CI: 1.1- 2.3, p=0.027) and subsequently associated with distant recurrences (20.5% vs 13.6%, p=0.02). The breast cancer specific 5 year overall survival rate for patients with No-DCIS and those with IDC-DCIS was 90.9% (95% CI: 86.2% - 94.5%) and 93.7% (95% CI: 91.4- 95.5%) respectively (p=0.202).ConclusionThe presence of DCIS component in IDC among Asians is associated with favourable tumour biological profile, thereby indicating reduced disease aggressiveness. Our study is the first to report the clinical significance in terms of disease progression and distant recurrences among Asians. Trial registrationThis study had received the approval of the institutional ethics committee prior to its commencement (IRB Ref No: 2019/2884).
Prospective, Comparative Clinical Pilot Study of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Lim Dong Jun , Lee Mi Young , Lee Woo Jin , Chang Sung Eun , Won Chong Hyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cold atmospheric plasma generates free radicals through the ionization of air at room temperature. Its effect and safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis have not been evaluated prospectively.Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cold atmospheric plasma in patients with atopic dermatitis with a prospective pilot study.Methods: Cold atmospheric plasma treatment or sham control treatment were applied respectively in randomly assigned and symmetric skin lesions. Three treatment sessions were performed at weeks 0, 1, and 2. Clinical severity indices were assessed at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. Additionally, the microbial characteristics of the lesions before and after treatments were analyzed.Results: We included 22 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis presented with symmetric lesions. We found that cold atmospheric plasma can alleviate the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis. Modified atopic dermatitis antecubital severity and eczema area and severity index score were significantly decreased in the treated group. Furthermore, scoring of atopic dermatitis score and pruritic visual analog scales significantly improved. In microbiome analysis revealed significantly reduced proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in the treated group.Conclusion: Cold atmospheric plasma can significantly improve mild and moderate atopic dermatitis without safety issues.
Formulation of sustainable flame retardant from waste egg shell
Authors: Korgaonkar Swati Ravindra , Sayed Usha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Egg shell are considered as waste and are generally dumped in the landfills. As the world is moving towards the sustainable way to recycle the waste and hence adding value to the waste produced. The egg shell is consisting of essential amino acids and properties which are still unexploited in various textile processing. The egg shell has proteineous matter which makes it a natural flame retardant. Cotton is the majorly used fibre in the overall textile industry. In the present study the egg shell waste was used to prepare an extract which is further applied on cotton fabric as a flame retardant. The characterization of the above egg shell powder shows it has amine group present at 1072.6 as well as at 873.56cm - C-Cl halo compound is present confirmed through FT-IR analysis. Two peaks were observed in DSC curves at 224.4 0 C and 254.5 °C. A LoI of cotton has increased to 36 at a lower concentration of 30% while that compared with the conventional cotton fabric.
Performance analysis and modeling: atmospheric turbulence and crosstalk of WDM-FSO network
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) access network using high-speed free-space optical (FSO) communication for the distribution link is proposed. This Paper investigates terrestrial atmospheric of WDM-FSO communication systems operating under the influence of turbulence-induced scintillation, beam spreading, optical interchannel crosstalk, amplified spontaneous emission noise and pointing errors. On-off keying-non–return-to-zero and digital pulse position modulation are the modulation schemes used for the calculations.
Mapping the PHQ-8 to EQ-5D, HUI3 and SF6D in patients with depression
Authors: Abdin Edimansyah , Chong Siow Ann , Seow Esmond , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background There is limited evidence of mapping the clinical instrument to a generic preference based instrument in an Asian patient population. The current study aims to map the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ) onto the EuroQol fivedimensional (EQ-5D), the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and the Short Form-6D (SF-6D) which helps to inform future in cost-utility analyses for treatment in depression sample. Methods A total of 249 participants who have completed PHQ-8, EQ5D, SF-6D and HUI3 questionnaires were included in the analyses. A beta regression mixture model was used to map the utility scores. Results The results were compared against two common regression methods including Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Tobit regression models. The mean age of the sample was 36.2 years (SD=11.1). The mean EQ-5D-3L,EQ-5D-5L, HUI3 and SF-6D utility scores were 0.615, 0.709, 0.461 and 0.607,respectively. The EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D utility scores were best predicted by the beta mixture regression model consisting of PHQ total sores, PHQ-squared, and covariates including age and gender. The HUI3 was best predicted by the OLS model. Conclusions The current study provides important evidence to clinicians and researchers about the mapping algorithms that can be used in economics evaluation among patients with depression.
A Conjoint Analysis of Preferences on Medical Endoscope After-sales Service
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wei Jingming , Xie Ying , Chen Siyao , Li Jun , Lou Ligang , Sun Jing , Feng Jingyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Medical endoscope instruments are minimally invasive, and they are widely used to investigate symptoms or help to perform certain types of surgery. This study investigates and defines a comprehensive set of attributes, to measure the after-sales service of medical endoscopes. The set of attributes help customers communicate their real needs with suppliers, and guide suppliers to develop the right products and services to fulfil customer demands. Methods: Based on literature review and the findings from the Delphi study, we identified 5 factors (attributes) that best described the expectations on the after-sales service of medical endoscopes. Using conjoint analysis, a set of 16 combinations (also named as cards or profiles) of the factor levels were generated in orthogonal design and used to develop the questionnaire. We administered the cards to 65 medical staff and 56 medical engineers across 50 Chinese hospitals, asking them to assign a preference score to each card. The utility value of each factor level was estimated and attribute importance values were obtained.Results: Attribute importance and utility values of factor levels were analysed at the aggregate level, occupation level, and medical institution level. (1) At the aggregate level, the five attributes were ranked in the order of importance values, the most important one is “maintenance response” and the least important is “maintenance efficiency”. (2) Medical staff and medical engineers ranked the five attributes in the same order. However, medical staff paid more attention to "maintenance response" and medical engineers paid more attention to "maintenance quality". (3) At the medical institution level, primary hospitals paid more attention to "maintenance price", while tertiary hospitals paid more attention to "maintenance quality".Conclusions: In this study, the utility values and attribute importance that affected the after-sales service level of medical endoscopes were obtained using conjoint analysis. The research results were consistent with the actual market situation of medical endoscope service. In general, this study provides a more scientific solution for hospitals in choosing after-sales service of medical equipment, and it also helps manufacturers and suppliers improve the after-sales service.
Simulation and assessment of a water pollution accident caused by phenol leakage
Authors: Guo Gaimei , Duan Runbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents has caused serious ecological and environmental damage. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of water pollution accidents on the human body and the ecosystem and to use a new calculation method of mean absolute deviation (MAD) to measure model error. A water pollution accident caused by the phenol leakage was simulated using the Environmental Damage Model of Water Pollution Accidents. In order to analyze the impacts of the phenol leakage event on the human body and the ecosystem, pollution level and its classification method were defined, and the result showed that the leakage event of phenol could have a destructive impact and present great danger in some areas, which covered 32–56% of the study area. The measurement of the model error indicated that lower resolution meant smaller MAD. Quantity Deviation and Hierarchical Deviation did not change with the resolution, and low resolution meant small Pixel Deviation. MAD not only reflected the deviation between layers but also embodied the impact of individual data on the whole deviation.
Efficient integration of IoT-based micro storages to improve urban drainage performance through advanced control strategies
Authors: Oberascher Martin , Rauch Wolfgang , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The smart rain barrel (SRB) consists of a conventional RB with storage volumes between 200 and 500 L, which is extended by a remotely (and centrally) controllable discharge valve. The SRB is capable of releasing stormwater prior to precipitation events by using high-resolution weather forecasts to increase detention capacity. However, as shown in a previous work, a large-scale implementation combined with a simultaneous opening of discharge valves clearly reduced the effectiveness. The aim of this work was to systematically investigate different control strategies for wet weather by evaluating their impact on sewer performance. For the case study, an alpine municipality was hypothetically retrofitted with SRBs (total additional storage volume of 181 m3). The results showed that combined sewer overflow (CSO) volume and subsequently pollution mass can be reduced by between 7 and 67% depending on rain characteristics (e.g., rain pattern, amount of precipitation) and an applied control strategy. Effectiveness of the SRBs increases with lower CSO volume, whereas more advanced control strategies based on sewer conditions can clearly improve the system's performance compared to simpler control strategies. For higher CSO volume, the SRBs can postpone the start of an CSO event, which is important for a first-flush phenomenon.
Cognitive Function in Adolescents and Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Shapiro Allison L.B. , Dabelea Dana , Stafford Jeanette M. , D’Agostino Ralph , Pihoker Catherine , Liese Angela D. , Shah Amy S. , Bellatorre Anna , Lawrence Jean M. , Henkin Leora , Saydah Sharon , Wilkening Greta 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVEPoor cognition has been observed in children and adolescents with youth-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with control subjects without diabetes. Differences in cognition between youth-onset T1D and T2D, however, are not known. Thus, using data from SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, a multicenter, observational cohort study, we tested the association between diabetes type and cognitive function in adolescents and young adults with T1D (n = 1,095) or T2D (n = 285).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSCognition was assessed via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery, and age-corrected composite Fluid Cognition scores were used as the primary outcome. Confounder-adjusted linear regression models were run. Model 1 included diabetes type and clinical site. Model 2 additionally included sex, race/ethnicity, waist-to-height ratio, diabetes duration, depressive symptoms, glycemic control, any hypoglycemic episode in the past year, parental education, and household income. Model 3 additionally included the Picture Vocabulary score, a measure of receptive language and crystallized cognition.RESULTSHaving T2D was significantly associated with lower fluid cognitive scores before adjustment for confounders (model 1; P &lt; 0.001). This association was attenuated to nonsignificance with the addition of a priori confounders (model 2; P = 0.06) and Picture Vocabulary scores (model 3; P = 0.49). Receptive language, waist-to-height ratio, and depressive symptoms remained significant in the final model (P &lt; 0.01 for all, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that while youth with T2D have worse fluid cognition than youth with T1D, these differences are accounted for by differences in crystallized cognition (receptive language), central adiposity, and mental health. These potentially modifiable factors are also independently associated with fluid cognitive health, regardless of diabetes type. Future studies of cognitive health in people with youth-onset diabetes should focus on investigating these significant factors.
Spike in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Rates in Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chao Lily C. , Vidmar Alaina P. , Georgia Senta 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) on the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is unclear. It is unknown whether the coincidence of DKA noted in adult patients with type 2 diabetes is an issue for youth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective single-center medical record review was conducted in a large, urban children’s hospital of pediatric subjects presenting with new-onset type 2 diabetes between March and August of 2018 to 2020.

RESULTS
The proportion of subjects presenting with new-onset type 2 diabetes in DKA dramatically increased in 2020 (9% in 2018, 3% in 2019, and 20% in 2020, P = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS
In 2020, youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes had a greater incidence of DKA at presentation than previously observed. Future studies should examine the impact of SARS-CoV2 exposure on the presentation of type 2 diabetes in all age-groups to inform better patient care.
Islam Kemodernan dan Keadilan Sosial dalam Pandangan Nurcholish Madjid
Authors: Sulbi Sulbi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract[English]:This research is a library research It means that this research is carried out through tracing and reviewing scientific works, both those contained in books, journals, magazines, encyclopedias, papers, and media covering various topics of this research. This research was conducted through several stages such as the data collection stage, the data processing stage, and the data analysis stage using certain analytical methods. As a subject that is discussed in Nurcholish Madjid's thinking, to be able to find the role of an inclusive Islam in encouraging the unity of the ummah, including addressing modernism issues and issues, social justice, plurality and even Pancasila. Nurcholish Madjid optimistically sees Islam as a religion that is in line with humanitarian principles, so that it is able to respond to all universal human problems. Islam is not an exclusive and static religion, but a religion that encourages the orientation of human life towards common good values for all human civilization. Islam also does not reject various forms of progress and development of thoughts originating from other civilizations. This is the form of Islamic modernity which according to Nurcholis Madjid is related to Islam which is open (inclusive) and belongs to all mankind on earth.Abstrak[Indonesia]: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka melalui penelusuran dan telaah terhadap karya-karya ilmiah, baik yang tertuang dalam buku, jurnal, majalah, ensiklopedi, makalah, maupun media yang mengulas berbagai topik penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan seperti tahap pengumpulan data, tahap pengelolahan data, dan tahap analisis data dengan menggunakan metode analisis tertentu. Pokok pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan peran agama Islam yang inklusif dalam mendorong persatuan umat, juga dalam menyikapi persoalan komedernan, keadilan sosial, pluralitas, dan pancasila dalam pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid. Nurcholish Madjid secara optimis melihat agama Islam sebagai agama yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan, sehingga mampu merespon segala permasalahan kemanusiaan universal. Islam bukan agama yang ekslusif dan statis, melainkan agama yang mendorong orientasi hidup manusia kepada nilai-nilai kebaikan umum bagi seluruh peradaban umat manusia. Islam juga tidak menolak berbagai bentuk kemajuan dan perkembangan pemikiran-pemikiran yang berasal dari peradaban lain. Inilai bentuk kemodernan Islam yang menurut Nurcholis Madjid adalah berkaitan dengan agama Islam yang terbuka (inklusif) dan menjadi milik semua umat manusia di atas bumi
Plants, Polinators and Pests
Authors:  Delorme Mike 
Published: April 2021

It is well known that parasites and plants have complex intereactons. It is not well known how parasites may affect polinator preference. In the study I examined the plant Ox­Eye where it was with or without parasitic aphids. Different plant characteristics were measured as well as the amount of aphids on the plant. Number of polinator visits and visit length were recorded to indicate a polinator preference for each plant. The data suggests that although polinators visited the plants with aphids, they spent significantly more time on the plants without parasites. Pilot follow up studies were also performed. The experiment took place in the summer of 2006 at the Kellogg Bird Sanctuary, part of Michigan State University's Biological Field Station
Student-generated learning objectives and curricular innovation
Authors: Laux Thomas , Stephens Mark , Meka Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Recent focus from accrediting bodies emphasizes learning objectives as a means of mapping and standardizing content coverage. While most educational training centers on faculty-derived learning objectives that are geared towards didactic lectures, student-centered teaching modalities like problem-based learning continue to gain popularity. One opportunity is the integration of student-generated learning goals in curriculum development. The educational philosophy at the Penn State College of Medicine University Park Regional Campus centers on discussion-based Inquiry Groups that focus on students’ experiential case learning which leads to student-generated learning objectives. This study examined a student-centered approach to learning objectives.
Methods
Our quantitative analysis explored student-generated learning objectives during the first-year curriculum. Primary outcome measures included process variables investigating the growth and change of objectives across the year that include Bloom’s taxonomy-based verb scores, verb numbers per session, and learning objective word lengths. Knowledge-based content coverage variables were compared with existing curricular models.
Results
Student-derived learning objectives changed substantially over the year. Taxonomy scores decreased while the learning objective verb number, word length, and calculated value per session increased significant. Content and comparator analyses showed that coverage and verb quality met or exceeded existing curricular models.
Discussion
Student-generated learning objectives are not only plausible and achievable, they also provide distinct pacing and engagement benefits. Our findings serve as a model for student-centered educational innovations.
Le sujet chez Foucault : du corps-pouvoir à la vie-gouvernement
Authors: Loyola Stival Monica 
Published: April 2021

Cet article vise à situer les notions de sujet, de corps et de vie chez Foucault à partir du passage d’un cadre conceptuel basé sur les notions de corps-pouvoir à un centré sur celles de vie-gouvernement. Mon hypothèse est que ce mouvement caractérise le développement de ses recherches entre les années 1970 et les années 1980. Le problème central est la difficulté de penser le statut ontologique des rapports de pouvoir (au sens physique) sans attribuer au corps une sorte de qualité ontologique du même type (comme dans tous les formes de vitalisme), ce qui conduit Foucault à privilégier la thèmatique de la vie à celle du corps dans le développement de sa « question du sujet ».
Effect of packaging method on quality and functional parameters in cryopreserved porcine spermatozoa with alpha tocopherol
Authors: Satorre Maria Mercedes , Breininger Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Evaluate the effect of the packaging method in porcine semen cryopreserved with α-tocopherol on quality and functional sperm parameters. In porcine production, although the use of frozen semen is very limited, there are obvious advantages to use this technology.

Material and Methods:
Sperm samples were cryopreserved in pellets or straws with or without α-tocopherol and quality and functional parameters were determined in all groups.

Results:
As regards quality parameters, a significant individual effect was observed, with a similar behavior despite the packaging system evaluated. The same results were obtained in functional tests. Both packaging systems, pellets and straws, showed a similar behavior with respect to the effect of the antioxidant α-tocopherol on the quality and functional sperm parameters. Interestingly, the better results were obtained in pellets than in straws.

Conclusion:
The results obtained allow us to suppose that this efficient, economical and simple method, with little expensive equipment or supplies, can be used to cryopreserve boar spermatozoa for research. In fact, since the results have been better in tablets, if identification and storage problems of pellets were solved, this freezing method could be used for production purposes.