bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATT GESTALTA CHTHULUCENEN
Authors: Atehortúa Juan Velásquez 
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan kvinders omsorgsroller i den nicaraguanske fiskerby Padre Ramos udvides til også at omfatte skildpadder. Ifølge Donna Haraway er chthulucen den æra, hvor mennesker styrker deres slægtskab med alle andre livsformer for at kunne leve og dø bedre sammen på jorden. Padre Ramos besøges hvert år af skildpadder, der lægger deres æg. Da arten er truet af udryddelse, besluttede landsbyen, at skildpadderne skulle være deres flagskibsart, og overgik derfor fra jagt på til pleje af skildpadderne. Selv om landsbyboerne således er det vigtigste led i at redde skildpadderne, lever de konstant med truslen om at blive udvist af naturreservatet og uddø som samfund. Gennem 10 dage følger forfatteren kvinderne med et kamera, alt imens de besætter et stykke jord i landsbyen for at bygge en legeplads med skildpadder som tematisk omdrejningspunkt. Gennem denne handling viser kvinderne sig som Harawayske „små væsener“, der komposterer myndighedernes rådne praksis, går ind i konflikter, genbruger gamle bildæk, træstammer og paller og skaber et monument over landsbyens nye slægtskab med skildpadderne.
Søgeord: chthulucenen, civil ulydighed, kvinder, flagship species, rhizovokalitet, Padre Ramos
Ei saa me läbi “Pragmaatika” korpuseta. Korpuspragmaatika ja pragmaatikakorpus
Authors:   Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, Estonia, Prillop Külli , Hennoste Tiit ,   Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, Estonia, Habicht Külli ,   Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, Estonia, Metslang Helle ,   Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
Published: December 2021

Within the project “Pragmatics above grammar: Subjectivity and intersubjectivity in Estonian registers and text types” (PRG341) we are studying the expression of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in different written and spoken registers of modern Estonian. We focus on adverbs that function as discourse markers (e.g. vist ‘maybe, probably’, ilmselt ‘apparently, obviously’, tegelikult ‘actually’), markers that develop from main clauses containing cognition verbs that take sentence complements (e.g. (ma) arvan ‘I think’, usun ‘I believe’, (mulle) tundub ‘it seems (to me), it appears (that)’) as well as modal and performative verbs (e.g. võib (juhtuda) ‘can (happen’, peaks (tulema) ‘should (come)’; kinnitan/väidan (olevat) ‘I affirm/claim’). The analysis combines quantitative corpus-linguistic and qualitative pragmatic approaches, thus belonging to the field of corpus pragmatics. Unlike previous studies of related topics, the project systematically compares the usage of markers in different registers (spoken, online communication, print texts) and text types. The pilot studies performed thus far have revealed several problems with the existing Estonian corpora, important in the study of pragmatics. Firstly, some text types are underrepresented or not represented at all, the text types cannot always be distinguished, and the particular text may not always correspond to the nominal text type (e.g. an academic text may contain quotes from texts of other types). All of this makes it difficult to do comparative statistical analysis of different text types. Secondly, the markers under examination are multifunctional and identifying their (inter)subjective function requires consideration of context broader than a single sentence. However, the public search systems for the existing corpora do not provide this context. For instance, the discourse marker function of cognition verbs is indicated primarily by the fact that the topic of the conversation or text follows through the subordinate clause, not the main clause. Since the available search systems do not provide context larger than a single sentence, the identification of the topic of the discourse, and therefore of the potential discourse-marker function of the verb, is made more difficult. To avoid these problems, the project working group is developing a new “Pragmatics” corpus, being created in the SketchEngine environment. The corpus is made up of 10 subcorpora representing different text types and registers. Each subcorpus contains roughly 500,000 words.
Interface Engineering Between Multi‐Elemental Alloy Nanoparticles and a Carbon Support Toward Stable Catalysts
Authors: Li Tangyuan , Dong Qi , Huang Zhennan , Wu Lianping , Yao Yonggang , Gao Jinlong , Wang Xizheng , Zhang Haochuan , Wang Dunwei , Li Teng , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Hu Liangbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulti‐elemental alloy (MEA) nanoparticles have recently received notable attention owing to their high activity and superior phase stability. Previous syntheses of MEA nanoparticles mainly used carbon as the support, owing to its high surface area, good electrical conductivity, and tunable defective sites. However, the interfacial stability issue, such as nanoparticle agglomeration, remains outstanding due to poor interfacial binding between MEA and carbon. Such a problem often causes performance decay when MEA nanoparticles are used as catalysts, hindering their practical applications. Herein, an interface engineering strategy is developed to synthesize MEA–oxide–carbon hierarchical catalysts, where the oxide on carbon helps disperse and stabilize the MEA nanoparticles toward superior thermal and electrochemical stability. Using several MEA compositions (PdRuRh, PtPdIrRuRh, and PdRuRhFeCoNi) and oxides (TiO2 and Cr2O3) as model systems, it is shown that adding the oxide renders superior interfacial stability and therefore excellent catalytic performance. Excellent thermal stability is demonstrated under transmission electron microscopy with in situ heating up to 1023 K, as well as via long‐term cycling (>370 hours) of a Li–O2 battery as a harsh electrochemical condition to challenge the catalyst stability. This work offers a new route toward constructing efficient and stable catalysts for various applications.
Arbitrary and Dynamic Poincaré Sphere Polarization Converter with a Time‐Varying Metasurface
Authors: Hu Qi , Chen Ke , Zhang Na , Zhao Jianming , Jiang Tian , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolarization control is paramount in tailoring light‐matter interactions; hence, its versatile manipulation plays an important role in science and technology. Metasurfaces have recently enacted diverse electromagnetic manipulations in polarization optics. However, they only support one or a few polarization functions in a single design. Here, an arbitrary and dynamic Poincaré sphere polarization converter to implement full‐polarization optics with a single time‐varying metasurface is demonstrated. As an exemplary demonstration, a metasurface loaded with electric‐driven components is experimentally realized. By applying two independent time‐varying sequences of bias voltages onto the metasurface, its reflection anisotropy can be altered at will, leading to the generation of arbitrary polarization located on the Poincaré sphere for both the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. This study proposes a novel approach to achieve versatile polarization optics and may find applications in quantum information, intelligent communication, and miniaturized optical systems.
Classification and Inverse Design of Metasurface Absorber in Visible Band
Authors: Lu Xuehua , Li Wenbin , Zhu Zhihui , Hu Yongqiang , Tang Ziyi , Zhang Wenpeng , Liu Ke , Su Yarong , Zheng Jie , Chen Weidong , Tang Mingjun , Xie Zhengwei , Huang Yijia , Li Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetasurface absorber (MA) has been a research hotspot in the field of artificial electromagnetic structural material due to its dual advantages of high performance and compact design. Usually, the design of MA depends on the designer's professional knowledge, experience and physical inspiration. The desired optical response can be obtained by using electromagnetic simulation software to carry out hundreds or thousands of numerical calculations. Thus, it is still a challenge to quickly retrieve the optimal structure according to the desired optical response and realize the on‐demand inverse design. Besides, limited by the inner physics of the MA, it is not always possible to find the structural parameters corresponding to the desired spectrum. This paper not only takes the planar geometry and thickness of the structures into account but also realizes the probability classification of the desired spectra through the classification network. According to the classification results, the prediction network of the corresponding is selected to realize the on‐demand inverse design of MA. The proposed network model can design MA rapidly and accurately in a data‐driven way and can be flexibly applied to the design of other data‐enabled photonic devices, which is promising to become a comprehensive and effective design tool.
Impacts of Export Restrictions on the Global Personal Protective Equipment Trade Network During COVID‐19
Authors: Ye Yang , Zhang Qingpeng , Cao Zhidong , Chen Frank Youhua , Yan Houmin , Stanley H. Eugene , Zeng Daniel Dajun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a dramatic surge in demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) worldwide. Many countries have imposed export restrictions on PPE to ensure the sufficient domestic supply. The surging demand and export restrictions cause shortage contagions on the global PPE trade network. Here, an integrated network model is developed, which integrates a metapopulation model and a threshold model, to investigate the shortage contagion patterns. The metapopulation model captures disease contagion across countries. The threshold model captures the shortage contagion on the global PPE trade network. Due to the Pareto distribution in global exports, the shortage contagion pattern is mainly determined by the export restriction policies of the top exporters. Export restrictions exacerbate the shortages of PPE and cause the shortage contagion to transmit even faster than the disease contagion. To some extent, export restrictions can provide benefits for self‐sufficient countries, at the sacrifice of immediate economic shocks at not‐self‐sufficient countries. With export restrictions, a large amount of PPE is hoarded instead of being distributed to where it is most needed, particularly at the early stage. Cooperation between countries plays an essential role in preventing global shortages of PPE regardless of the production level. Except for promoting global cooperation, governments and international organizations should take actions to reduce supply chain barriers and work together to increase global PPE production.
Synthesis of 1‐Trifluoromethylated Propargyl Alcohols by Two Successive Reactions of Cyclopentylmagnesium Bromide in a One‐Pot Manner
Authors: Kani Ryunosuke , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Kubota Yasuhiro , Funabiki Kazumasa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have developed a functional‐group‐tolerant one‐pot route to various 3‐substituted 1‐trifluoromethylpropargyl alcohols utilizing two reactions of cyclopentylmagnesium bromide with trifluoroacetic acid esters and terminal alkynes. This new synthetic method involves three successive reactions in a one‐pot process: 1) deprotonation of terminal alkynes with cyclopentylmagnesium bromide, 2) reduction of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl trifluoroacetate with cyclopentylmagnesium bromide, and 3) nucleophilic addition of in‐situ‐generated alkynyl Grignard reagents to in‐situ‐formed trifluoroacetaldehyde, leading to the corresponding 3‐substituted 1‐trifluoromethylated propargyl alcohols. This method can be applied to various fluorine‐containing esters as well as terminal alkynes bearing alkyl and aryl groups to give 1‐polyfluoroalkylated propargyl alcohols. The obtained 1‐trifluoromethylpropargyl alcohols with aromatic groups can be converted in good to excellent yields to 1,5‐diaryl‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐dihydropyrazoles, some of the most important motifs in medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.
Differential expression of tau species and the association with cognitive decline and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Saroja Sivaprakasam R. , Sharma Abhijeet , Hof Patrick R. , Pereira Ana C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPathological tau proteins in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly accumulate in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neuritic plaques (NPs). However, the molecular properties of tau species present in NFTs and NPs are not known. We tested the hypothesis that tau species within NFT‐predominant tissue (NFT_AD) are distinct and more toxic than those in NP‐predominant tissue (NP_AD). We analyzed the tau species from post mortem prefrontal cortical brains of NFT_AD and NP_AD. Compared to NP_AD, NFT_AD displayed highly phosphorylated tau oligomers, possessed tau oligomers in extracellular vesicles, and the 3‐repeat (3R) and 4‐repeat (4R) isoforms were differentially expressed between the groups. Comparison of tau proteins isolated from NFT‐ versus NP‐AD subjects demonstrated higher tau seeding activity in NFT subjects and a greater degree of inducing synaptic loss in cultured neurons. We propose that tau species from NFT‐predominant tissues possess greater levels of degenerative properties, thereby causing synaptic loss and cognitive decline.
Novel rat model of multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndromes (MMDS) complicated with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ling Yahao , Ma Jiaxin , Qi Xiaolong , Zhang Xu , Kong Qi , Guan Feifei , Dong Wei , Chen Wei , Gao Shan , Gao Xiang , Pan Shuo , Ma Yuanwu , Lu Dan , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndromes (MMDS) presents as complex mitochondrial damage, thus impairing a variety of metabolic pathways. Heart dysplasia has been reported in MMDS patients; however, the specific clinical symptoms and pathogenesis remain unclear. More urgently, there is a lack of an animal model to aid research. Therefore, we selected a reported MMDS causal gene, Isca1, and established an animal model of MMDS complicated with cardiac dysplasia.MethodsThe myocardium‐specific Isca1 knockout heterozygote (Isca1 HET) rat was obtained by crossing the Isca1 conditional knockout (Isca1 cKO) rat with the α myosin heavy chain Cre (α‐MHC‐Cre) rat. Cardiac development characteristics were determined by ECG, blood pressure measurement, echocardiography and histopathological analysis. The responsiveness to pathological stimuli were observed through adriamycin treatment. Mitochondria and metabolism disorder were determined by activity analysis of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and ATP production in myocardium.ResultsISCA1 expression in myocardium exhibited a semizygous effect. Isca1 HET rats exhibited dilated cardiomyopathy characteristics, including thin‐walled ventricles, larger chambers, cardiac dysfunction and myocardium fibrosis. Downregulated ISCA1 led to deteriorating cardiac pathological processes at the global and organizational levels. Meanwhile, HET rats exhibited typical MMDS characteristics, including damaged mitochondrial morphology and enzyme activity for mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, and impaired ATP production.ConclusionWe have established a rat model of MMDS complicated with cardiomyopathy, it can also be used as model of myocardial energy metabolism dysfunction and mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. This model can be applied to the study of the mechanism of energy metabolism in cardiovascular diseases, as well as research and development of drugs.
Kunming mouse strain is less susceptible to elastase‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Liu Haole , Tian Kangli , Xia Congcong , Wei Panpan , Xu Boyu , Fu Weilai , Li Yankui , Li Yafeng , Bai Liang , Wang Rong , Wang Weirong , Xu Baohui , Liu Enqi , Zhao Sihai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPorcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) is successfully used to induce abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in mice. However, differences between mouse strains in susceptibility to PPE induction have been reported. Kunming mouse is one of the most frequently used strains in China but whether it is suitable for induction of AAA by PPE application remains unclear.MethodsPPE infusion (1.5 units/ml) in temporary controlled aorta was performed to induce AAAs in both C57BL/6J and Kunming mice. Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) application was used as vehicle control. The aorta diameters of all mice were measured at days 0 and 14 after surgery to evaluate the AAA formation.ResultsAfter 14 days of PPE or PBS infusion, all mice were sacrificed and aorta tissues were collected for histological staining analysis. At the 14th day after infusion, PPE successfully induced aortic dilation in Kunming mice and typical AAA in C57BL/6J mice. The aorta diameter increased by 0.23 mm in Kunming mice after PPE infusion, while it was 0.72 mm in the C57BL/6J strain. PPE induced mild elastin degradation, smooth muscle cell (SMC) depletion and mural leucocyte infiltration in Kunming mice, but in PPE‐sensitive C57BL/6J mice, it induced total loss of SMCs, elastin disappearance and diffused infiltrated leucocytes in aortic aneurysmal segments. The effects of PPE in inducing angiogenesis and upregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 expression in Kunming mice were also weaker than that in C57BL/6J mice.ConclusionAt the reported dose of PPE, Kunming mouse is not as susceptible to AAA formation as C57BL/6J mice. The failure of PPE to induce AAA formation in Kunming mice may be associated to its inability to boost a strong inflammatory response.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes
Authors: Pelliccioli Valentina , Hartung Thierry , Simon Martin , Golz Christopher , Licandro Emanuela , Cauteruccio Silvia , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA highly enantioselective synthesis of 5,13‐disubstituted dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophenes is reported. Key for the successful assembly of these helical architectures is the last two successive Au‐catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation events. Specifically, the second cyclization is the enantiodetermining step of the whole process and provides the desired helicenes with excellent ee values when a TADDOL‐derived 1,2,3‐(triazolium)phosphonite moiety (TADDOL: α,α,α′,α′‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol) is employed as an ancillary ligand. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly prepared structures has been determined by X‐ray crystallography to be P; the optical properties of these heterohelicenes are also reported. A three‐step procedure was subsequently developed that allows the transformation of the initially obtained dithia[5]helicenes into dithia[9]helicenes without erosion of the enantiopurity.
Bildung und Reaktivität eines Hydridosilikats [SiH6]2−, koordiniert an einem durch einen Makrozyklus stabilisierten Strontiumkation
Authors: Höllerhage Thomas , Ghana Priyabrata , Spaniol Thomas P. , Carpentier Ambre , Maron Laurent , Englert Ulli , Okuda Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDer kationische Benzylkomplex [(Me4TACD)Sr(CH2Ph)][A] (Me4TACD (Me4TACD=1,4,7,10‐Tetramethyltetraazacyclododecan); A=B(C6H3‐3,5‐Me2)4) reagierte mit zwei Äquivalenten Phenylsilan zum verbrückenden Hexahydridosilikat‐Komplex [(Me4TACD)2Sr2(thf)4(μ‐κ3 : κ3‐SiH6)][B(C6H3‐3,5‐Me2)4]2 (3 a). Angenommen wird, dass ein schneller Phenyl‐Austausch zwischen Phenylsilanen das Monosilan SiH4 bildet, das von zwei Strontiumhydrid‐Kationen [(Me4TACD)SrH(thf)x]+ abgefangen wird. Verbindung 3 a zersetzte sich in THF bei Raumtemperatur unter Freisetzung von H2 zum terminalen Silanid‐Komplex [(Me4TACD)Sr(SiH3)(thf)2][A]. In Reaktionen von 3 a mit einer schwachen Brønsted‐Säure, CO2 und 1,3,5,7‐Cyclooctatetraen wurde SiH4 freigesetzt. Aus einer 1 : 2‐Mischung eines kationischen Benzylkomplexes und einem neutralen Dibenzylkomplex bildete sich mit Phenylsilan der dreikernige Komplex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH3)][A], während nOctSiH3 zum dreikernigen (n‐Octyl)pentahydridosilikat‐Komplex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH5nOct)][A] führte.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Nitric Acid from Nitrogen Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yuting , Li Tieliang , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitric acid is widely applied in agriculture and industry. The present manufacturing process via a combination of the Haber–Bosch process and the Ostwald oxidation process is accompanied by massive energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The direct electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) to nitric acid is a promising alternative, especially when it is driven by renewable energy sources. The standardization of performance evaluation is the prerequisite for the design and synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts for NOR. In this context, this Minireview first discusses the history of the development of HNO3manufacturing and the possible reaction mechanisms for electrocatalytic NOR. Then, a strict protocol for electrochemical NOR experiments is recommended. Finally, general research targets associated with techno‐economic analysis, challenges, and prospects for NOR are summarized for future studies.
Formation and Reactivity of a Hexahydridosilicate [SiH6]2− Coordinated by a Macrocycle‐Supported Strontium Cation
Authors: Höllerhage Thomas , Ghana Priyabrata , Spaniol Thomas P. , Carpentier Ambre , Maron Laurent , Englert Ulli , Okuda Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cationic benzyl complex [(Me4TACD)Sr(CH2Ph)][A] (Me4TACD=1,4,7,10‐tetramethyltetraazacyclododecane; A=B(C6H3‐3,5‐Me2)4) reacted with two equivalents of phenylsilane to give the bridging hexahydridosilicate complex [(Me4TACD)2Sr2(thf)4(μ‐κ3 : κ3‐SiH6)][A]2 (3 a). Rapid phenyl exchange between phenylsilane molecules is assumed to generate monosilane SiH4 that is trapped by two strontium hydride cations [(Me4TACD)SrH(thf)x]+. Complex 3 a decomposed in THF at room temperature to give the terminal silanide complex [(Me4TACD)Sr(SiH3)(thf)2][A], with release of H2. Upon reaction with a weak Brønsted acid, CO2, and 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene SiH4 was released. The reaction of a 1 : 2 mixture of cationic benzyl and neutral dibenzyl complex with phenylsilane gave the trinuclear silanide complex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH3)2][A], while nOctSiH3 led to the trinuclear (n‐octyl)pentahydridosilicate complex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH5nOct)][A].
A dormant resource for genome size estimation in ferns: C‐value inference of the Ophioglossaceae using herbarium specimen spores
Authors: Kuo Li‐Yaung , Tang Sheng Kai , Kao Tzu‐Tong , Ebihara Atsushi , Fawcett Susan , Hsiao Min‐Chien , Shinohara Wataru , Dauphin Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPremiseThe great variation of genome size (C‐value) across land plants is linked to various adaptative features. Flow cytometry (FCM), the standard approach to estimating C‐values, relies mostly on fresh materials, performing poorly when used with herbarium materials. No fern C‐value reports have been derived from herbarium specimens; however, the herbarium spores of some ferns remain highly viable for decades and are thus promising for further investigation. To explore this possibility, we evaluated herbarium spore collections of Ophioglossaceae ferns using FCM.MethodsFlow cytometry was conducted on 24 spore samples, representing eight of the 12 genera of the Ophioglossaceae, using specimens ranging in age from 2.6 to 111 years obtained from five herbaria.ResultsRegardless of the genus or the source herbarium, high‐quality C‐value data were generated from 17 samples, with the oldest being 26 years old. Estimates of the C‐values from sporophytic tissues of known ploidy did not reveal any evidence of apomixis for the species surveyed here. We also detected a pronounced genome downsizing in Sceptridium polyploids.DiscussionThe recent success of FCM for C‐value estimation using spores provides a much more convenient method of utilizing “dry” refrigerated materials. We demonstrate here that herbarium spores of some ferns are also promising for this use, even for older specimens.