bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing of Optimum Nutrient Ranges for Canola Leaves Affected by Compost and Zinc by DRIS Analysis
Authors: Sayed Saied El , Hellal Farid , El-Aila H. I. 
Published: February 2021

DRIS method is one of the important methods that reflect the status of the nutrients within the plant tissue. Field experiment were carried out at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Centre, Nubaria region, Beheira Governorate, Egypt during 2019/2020 to evaluate leaf nutrient optimum ranges of canola affected by compost addition (0, 2, 4 and 6 ton fed-1) to the soil and foliar application of zinc (0, 50 and 100 ppm) under water regimes at 75 and 40% water holding capacity. A remarkable increase the macronutrient contents due to the addition of compost and had a positive effect, especially with the rates 4 and 6 ton fed-1 + zinc sulfate foliar spraying at a rate of 100 ppm under sufficient and deficit irrigation treatments. Under water stress, in the control treatment as compared to the treatment combination (4 ton/fed compost + 100 ppm Zn), the N index was decreased from (-143.2) to (-76.1) in this time the nitrogen a negative DRIS index indicates that the nutrient level is below the optimum. Phosphorus index was recorded (-98) reduced to (-39.4) and a negative DRIS index indicates that the phosphorus level is below optimum in these treatment combinations. Also, the DRIS index for potassium was recorded (241.2) decrease up to (115.5) and the potassium has a positive DRIS index indicates that the nutrient level is above or near to the optimum. DRIS norms could be used to test the nutritional balance of nutrients in plant and diagnose nutrient requirements through calculating DRIS indices or direct application of physiological diagnosis (PD) chart.
Objective: The objectives this study to evaluation of canola leaf nutrient optimum ranges affected by organic compost addition to the soil and micronutrient such as of zinc foliar application.
Determining Urban Identity of a Historical City from Inhabitants’ Perspective: Erzurum, a Case from Asia Minor
Authors: Kulözü-Uzunboy Neslihan 
Published: February 2021

Aims: This study aims to explore the urban identity of Erzurum, which has a rich cultural and historical background dates back to 4000 BC, from the perspective of inhabitants. Additionally, the differences between perceptions about urban identity elements of various inhabitants' groups, categorized in terms of age, gender, education level, being a native of Erzurum, and length of residence in Erzurum, are determined.
Study Design: The research was designed as a case-study and pursued an exploratory research approach.
Place and Duration of Study: The study has been conducted in Erzurum, located in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Interviews have been conducted with 268 inhabitants of Erzurum between May and June 2015.
Methodology: Within the context of the study, Erzurum's urban identity is determined through its elements that are commonly classified as topographical properties, climate and flora, elements at settlement level, urban equipment, symbolic elements, socio-cultural properties, and socio-economical properties. The present study has been designed as an exploratory case study in which qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques have been used.
Results: This study, through answering its research questions, reveals that, first, environmental identity elements have more significance than social identity elements; second, natural environmental elements as Palandöken Mountain and cold climate, and artificial identity elements as Cumhuriyet Street and the Twin Minaret Madrasa are the most significant identity elements; and, third, differences between the respondents’ age and education helps to explain the differences between their perception on urban identity elements, in the case of Erzurum.
Conclusion: This exploratory case study, departing from the idea that urban identity is a social and cultural phenomenon and unique for each individual and society, explored the urban identity elements from the perspective of the inhabitants of Erzurum. In the end, the importance of determining urban identity based on inter-subjectively built consensus to protect the uniqueness of the cities has been highlighted.
Effect of Fipronil + Isoprothiolane against Onion Thrips and Purple Blotch Disease and Its Effect on Parasites and Predators
Authors: Ravikumar M. R. , Ganapathi T. , Rajakumar G. R. 
Published: February 2021

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the important vegetable cum condiment crop grown throughout the world. Onion crop is infested by various insect pests and diseases right from seedling to harvesting stage. The experiment was conducted in farmer’s fields of Ranebennur (Haveri–District) to evaluate the bio-efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Fipronil + Isoprothiolane against Thrips and Purple Blotch disease in onion and its effect on parasites and predators during kharif-2018 and rabi-2019 seasons. Amongst the treatments, the formulation Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1500 ml/ha was excellent in controlling thrips (2.47/trifoliate leaf) and showed the least severity of purple blotch (3.02% PDI) followed by Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC@ 1250 ml/ha (2.85 and 3.25)1000 ml/ha (2.99 and 3.67 % PDI) respectively. The results revealed that amongst the treatments, Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1500 ml recorded the highest bulb yield (21.52 t/ha) which was on par with the 1250 and 1000 ml/ha. The formulation Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1000 ml/ha was found to be cost effective followed by treatment of Fipronil 5% + Isoprothiolane 28% EC @ 1250ml /ha for control of thrips and prevention of Purple Blotch disease hence which is recommended for control of thrips and Purple Blotch disease in onion.
Facing COVID-19 Via Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Action: Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Six Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Derived from Passiflora edulis
Authors: Matondo Aristote , Kilembe Jason T. , Mwanangombo Domaine T. , Nsimba Beaudrique M. , Mawete Dani T. , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Bongo Gedeon N. , Opota D. O. , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Tshilanda Dorothée D. , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Mudogo Virima , Mpiana Pius T. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: In the most severe case of the COVID-19, there is an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, being the main cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study aims at assessing the potential inhibitor effect of six phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activity derived from Passiflora edulis, against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Materials and Methods: Virtual screening by molecular docking (Autodock tool) was used to obtain the binding energies of ligand-protein complexes formed between each of the six ligands and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The six ligands were then submitted to ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) and toxicity analyses to understand their pharmacokinetic behavior, using SwissADME, preADMET and pkCSM webservers.
Results: Four high-docking score compounds were identified (both flavonoids) as hits, with the trend: ligand 4 (quercetin, -8.2 kcal/mol ) > ligand 1 (chrysin, -8.0 kcal/mol) > ligand 2 (kaempferol, -7.9 kcal/mol) > ligand 3 (luteolin, -7.7 kcal/mol)> ligand 5 (harmol, -6.7 kcal/mol) > ligand 6 (harmine, -6.4 kcal/mol). The pharmacokinetic behavior of the six ligands revealed that they can be easily absorbed and have good permeability and bioavailability. The toxicity predictions of the six compounds from P. edulis which is an editable fruit confirm that they are safe.
Conclusion: Several approaches are currently being used to tackle the COVID-19. Given the cytokine storm in the most severe case of the COVID-19, we adopted the strategy of combatting the disease by compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The assessment of the efficiency of six phytochemicals from P. edulis against the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and their pharmacokinetic profile revealed their potential inhibitor effect against the COVID-19 protein.
Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-biofilm Activity of New Iminothiazolidinones
Authors: Gullapelli Kumaraswamy , Maroju Ravichander 
Published: February 2021

Aim: Iminothiazolidinones are one of the important classes of heterocyclic compounds and they occupied unique position in medicinal chemistry due to their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical properties. In view this potential activity, it has been planned to synthesize a series of New Iminothiazolidinones on benzimidazole nucleus and to study their biological activity.
Methodology: Iminothiazolidinones and 1,1 dioxide- Iminothiazolidinones were synthesized with a simple and efficient method of cyclic condensation of aryl thiourea containing benzimidazole and thiazole with chloroacetic acid .This method requires mild reaction conditions, simple procedure and gives good yield.
Results: The structures of the synthesized compounds were assessed by Infrared, NMR and Mass spectroscopic methods. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities against selected multi drug resistant bacterial strains.
Conclusion: In accordance with the results obtained, growth inhibition was found significant with compounds 5d and 5e. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and extended spectrum β‑lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have shown varied susceptibility towards these compounds. The Biofilm inhibition Concentrations (BFIC) of compounds 5e and 5d are 3.22 ±0.56 and 6.58 ±1.5 µg/mL respectively were noted against MRSA.
Free breathing VMAT versus deep inspiration breath‐hold 3D conformal radiation therapy for early stage left‐sided breast cancer
Authors: Jensen Christer A , Funderud Marit , Lervåg Christoffer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the in silico study was to compare free breathing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to standard deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and determine whether the former is a viable option for elderly patients with left‐sided early stage breast cancer. Data from 22 patients with early‐stage left breast carcinoma requiring breast‐only radiation therapy were used for this planning study. The robustness of VMAT plans when using the free breathing method was compared to that of standard 3DCRT plans using the DIBH method. The endpoints for evaluation were the target dose coverage as well as doses to the organs‐at‐risk. The free breathing VMAT plans produced a significantly higher mean dose to the heart and right breast than the DIBH‐3DCRT plans. Free breathing VMAT plans resulted in significantly better target coverage than did 3DCRT using DIBH. The external volume that received more than 40 Gy was significantly smaller in the VMAT plans. Free breathing VMAT is a viable alternative to DIBH 3DCRT in elderly patients with a limited life expectancy and in subjects who are unable to perform DIBH. The choice of treatment should be individualized, and all relevant risks ought to be considered.
TeleSimBox: A perceived effective alternative for experiential learning for medical student education with social distancing requirements
Authors: Sanseau Elizabeth , Lavoie Megan , Tay Khoon‐Yen , Good Grace , Tsao Suzana , Burns Rebekah , Thomas Anita , Heckle Tanner , Wilson Meghan , Kou Maybelle , Auerbach Marc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended that medical students not be involved with in‐person patient care or teaching, necessitating alternative learning opportunities. Subsequently we developed the telesimulation education platform: TeleSimBox. We hypothesized that this remote simulation platform would be feasible and acceptable for faculty use and a perceived effective method for medical student education.MethodsTwenty‐one telesimulations were conducted with students and educators at four U.S. medical schools. Sessions were run by cofacilitator dyads with four to 10 clerkship‐level students per session. Facilitators were provided training materials. User‐perceived effectiveness and acceptability were evaluated via descriptive analysis of survey responses to the Modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET‐M), Net Promoter Score (NPS), and Likert‐scale questions.ResultsApproximately one‐quarter of students and all facilitators completed surveys. Users perceived that the sessions were effective in teaching medical knowledge and teamwork, though less effective for family communication and skills. Users perceived that the telesimulations were comparable to other distance learning and to in‐person simulation. The tool was overall positively promoted.ConclusionUsers overall positively scored our medical student telesimulation tool on the SET‐M objectives and promoted the experience to colleagues on the NPS. The next steps are to further optimize the tool.
Outcome of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: Focus on near‐ETP phenotype and differential impact of nelarabine
Authors: Morita Kiyomi , Jain Nitin , Kantarjian Hagop , Takahashi Koichi , Fang Hong , Konopleva Marina , El Hussein Siba , Wang Feng , Short Nicholas J. , Maiti Abhishek , Sasaki Koji , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Konoplev Sergej , Ravandi Farhad , Khoury Joseph D. , Jabbour Elias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarly T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ETP‐ALL/LBL) is characterized by a distinct immunophenotype (CD1a‐negative, CD8‐negative, CD5‐negative or weak‐positive <75%, myeloid/stem‐cell markers positive) and poor clinical outcomes. Near‐ETP ALL is transcriptionally similar to ETP‐ALL but CD5 expression level is not low enough to meet the criteria of ETP immunophenotype. Outcomes of near‐ETP ALL are not well characterized. We reviewed 171 patients with newly‐diagnosed T‐ALL/LBL. Patients were categorized into three groups; ETP (N = 27), near‐ETP (N = 24), and non‐ETP ALL/LBL (N = 120). ETP‐ALL/LBL was associated with a significantly worse survival compared with non‐ETP ALL/LBL: 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates 32% versus 63% (p < .001). Outcome was similar between near‐ETP and non‐ETP ALL/LBL: 5‐year OS rates 56% versus 63% (p = .543). Landmark analysis showed that allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo‐SCT) in first remission was beneficial in ETP‐ALL/LBL (5‐year event‐free survival rates 36% versus 18%, p = .030) but not in near‐ETP or non‐ETP ALL/LBL. Multivariate analysis selected the following as significant independent prognostic factors for OS: age ≥ 60 years (HR 3.11; p = .003); elevated WBC ≥100 × 109/L (HR 2.60; p = .005); and ETP immunophenotype (HR 2.29; p = .010). A survival advantage with adding nelarabine to hyper‐CVAD was observed in non‐ETP ALL (5‐year OS rates 83% versus 38% with hyper‐CVAD plus neralabine versus hyper‐CVAD, p = .003). In conclusion, outcome of ETP‐ALL/LBL was poor and improved with allo‐SCT; outcome of near‐ETP ALL/LBL was similar to non‐ETP ALL/LBL; the addition of nelarabine to hyper‐CVAD improved the survival in non‐ETP ALL only.
Novel unconventional variants expand the allelic spectrum of OPHN1 gene
Authors: Nuovo Sara , Brankovic Vesna , Caputi Caterina , Casella Antonella , Nigro Vincenzo , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Valente Enza Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMutations in the OPHN1 gene cause a rare X‐linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, variably associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial appearance. In most of cases so far reported, the identified genomic variants involve the region encoding the central RhoGAP domain of the oligophrenin‐1 protein, and are predicted to result in a complete loss of function. By using a NGS‐based diagnostic approach, we identified three male and a female patients from two unrelated families carrying novel non‐disruptive OPHN1 variants (the in‐frame c.116_127 deletion and the missense c.2129C>T change, respectively), affecting either the BAR domain or the C‐terminus proline‐rich domain of the protein. Clinical and neuroimaging findings in the patients recapitulated the main features of OPHN1‐related syndrome, including developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral disorder, dysmorphic features, seizures, cerebellar hypoplasia, and ventriculomegaly. Yet, we observed a wide variability even among affected siblings, confirming the lack of clear genotype–phenotype correlation. Our results expand the allelic spectrum of OPHN1 and illustrate the challenges for clinical interpretation of non‐disruptive variants affecting X‐linked genes.
Effects of diet and age–sex class on the fecal particle size of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui)
Authors: He Tianmeng , Lee Wanyi , Hanya Goro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFecal particle size provides important information on the feeding and digestion of herbivores. Understanding the effects of the potential proximate determinants on fecal particle size helps us interpret this widely used measurement. In folivores, previous studies found that diet composition, dietary toughness, and age–sex‐related factors, such as body size and tooth wear, influenced fecal particle size. However, the role of these factors remains unknown in frugivorous and omnivorous primates. This study aims to clarify how age–sex class and diet influence fecal particle size in omnivorous Japanese macaques in Yakushima. We expected that their variable diet and differences among age–sex classes would cause variations in fecal particle size. We simultaneously documented Japanese macaques' diet, dietary toughness, and fecal particle size in the lowland area of Yakushima in the period from March 2018 to April 2019. Unexpectedly, fecal particle size showed limited differences across months and no difference among age–sex classes. Dietary toughness showed no effects on fecal particle size, while the consumption of fruits showed only a marginally significant negative effect. Our data indicate that the results of chewing were not affected by dietary toughness in our study subjects, while age–sex classes showed no difference in food comminution. This lack of variation might derive from a diet with low dietary toughness. We also found that the physical structure of preferred foods played an important role in fecal particle size variations. These results suggest that food comminution is less variable in frugivorous and omnivorous primates compared to highly specialized species (e.g., geladas). Factors other than what we examined in this study, such as food physical structure and chewing behavior, should also be taken into consideration.
Water cycle algorithm tuned robust fractional‐order Proportional–Integral–Derivative controller for energy optimization and control of nonlinear Multiple Stage Evaporator: A case study of paper mill
Authors: Verma Om Prakash , Yadav Drishti , Pati Smitarani , Kumar Saurav , Gupta Himanshu , Pachauri Nikhil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn paper industries, Multiple Stage Evaporator (MSE) is used to concentrate black liquor. Due to the energy intensive nature of MSE, the global energy scenario stresses on optimizing its energy efficiency. Moreover, the necessity of a tight control of product quality demands superior understanding of system dynamics for controller design. This paper presents a robust fractional‐order Proportional–Integral–Derivative (FOPID) controller for concentration control of black liquor in Heptad's effect MSE. First, the steady‐state unknown process parameters are estimated by solving the nonlinear steady‐state model. Thereafter, these optimal process parameters are utilized to simulate the nonlinear dynamic model to obtain the transfer functions. By using these transfer functions, the FOPID controller is designed whose parameters are tuned via Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA). The competence of WCA toward controller tuning is validated by comparing with other optimization techniques (Genetic Algorithm [GA], Simulated Annealing [SA], Particle Swarm Optimization [PSO], and Krill Herd [KH]). Moreover, the performance of the proposed FOPID controller in concentration control, set‐point tracking, and noise suppression is validated by comparing with conventional PID, two‐degree of freedom‐PID (2‐DOF‐PID), and Internal Model Control (IMC) controllers. The results demonstrate that FOPID controller reduces the Integral Square Error (ISE) by 91.05%, 89.81%, and 78.84%, respectively, with respect to PID, 2‐DOF‐PID, and IMC. Also, the proposed FOPID controller improves the system transience with high robustness.
Polymerization of polyaniline under various concentrations of ammonium peroxydisulfate and hydrochloric acid by ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Zheng Xuefeng , Ali Mohsin M. E. , Arsad Agus , Hassan Azman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffects of various molar ratios of monomer (aniline), oxidant (ammonium peroxydisulfate), and dopant (hydrochloric acid) on the polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) were investigated using direct ultrasonic irradiation technique. The effects of varying molar ratio of dopant and oxidant on the structural stability, morphology, and electrical conductivity of the prepared PANI were studied. Firstly, a scheme derived from electrical conductivity point of view, by varying the molar ratio of ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS). As the molar ratio of APS to aniline (ANI) varied from 0.1 to 1.25, the conductivity of PANI reached a maximum of 0.24 S/cm at a ratio of 1. Thereafter, by fixing the optimized molar ratio of APS and aniline the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid (HCl) was varied. The conductivity of PANI increased with an increase of HCl concentration and reached a maximum of 0.5 S/cm at an HCl concentration of 2 M. Finally, the formation mechanism for polymerization of PANI were discussed using Fourier transform infrared spectra, ultraviolet–visible spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. The final product is in protonated form, possessing structural stability and electrically conductive.
High‐throughput methods for efficiently building massive phylogenies from natural history collections
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Kates Heather R. , LaFrance Raphael , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: February 2021

PremiseLarge phylogenetic data sets have often been restricted to small numbers of loci from GenBank, and a vetted sampling‐to‐sequencing phylogenomic protocol scaling to thousands of species is not yet available. Here, we report a high‐throughput collections‐based approach that empowers researchers to explore more branches of the tree of life with numerous loci.MethodsWe developed an integrated Specimen‐to‐Laboratory Information Management System (SLIMS), connecting sampling and wet lab efforts with progress tracking at each stage. Using unique identifiers encoded in QR codes and a taxonomic database, a research team can sample herbarium specimens, efficiently record the sampling event, and capture specimen images. After sampling in herbaria, images are uploaded to a citizen science platform for metadata generation, and tissue samples are moved through a simple, high‐throughput, plate‐based herbarium DNA extraction and sequencing protocol.ResultsWe applied this sampling‐to‐sequencing workflow to ~15,000 species, producing for the first time a data set with ~50% taxonomic representation of the “nitrogen‐fixing clade” of angiosperms.DiscussionThe approach we present is appropriate at any taxonomic scale and is extensible to other collection types. The widespread use of large‐scale sampling strategies repositions herbaria as accessible but largely untapped resources for broad taxonomic sampling with thousands of species.