bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry methane reforming with nickel–cobalt bimetallic catalysts based on halloysite nanoclay modified by alkaline melting method
Authors: Bakhtiari Kazem , Shahbazi Kootenaei Amirhossein , Maghsoodi Sarah , Azizi Shima , Tabatabaei Ghomsheh Seyed Mostafa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCatalysts, including (10% Ni)/AMHA, (10% Ni + 5% Co)/AMHA, (5% Ni + 5% Co)/AMHA, and (5% Ni + 10% Co)/AMHA, were prepared by simultaneous impregnation of Ni and Co on alkaline molten halloysite (AMHA) and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field diffusion scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The catalysts were evaluated in dry reforming of methane (DRM) at temperatures of 700 to 850°C and with a volumetric composition of a feed gas of 40% CH4, 40% CO2, and 20% Ar in a fixed bed reactor. Catalyst performance tests showed that the nickel catalyst based on milled and alkaline molten nano‐halloysite had a relatively poor performance. After impregnation of cobalt metal with different concentrations in the presence of nickel, the functional properties increased. Characteristic observations and experiments showed a very positive effect of cobalt metal on the catalyst performance. The presence of cobalt reinforcing metal along with nickel improves the activity and stability and reduces catalyst coking. Moreover, increasing cobalt along with nickel leads to better dispersion of the active phase of nickel, improved catalyst regeneration, and stable production of synthetic gas from methane and carbon dioxide. The effect of cobalt and nickel ratio on the catalyst structure, conversion rate of methane and carbon dioxide, stability, and carbon deposition rate were investigated. The conversion rate increases at high temperatures. Also, the resulting gas composition is suitable for Fischer–Tropsch reactions.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of N4‐hydrazone derivatives of 5,7‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐one as novel anticancer agents with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy
Authors: Zhao Zhichang , Wang Hongjun , Tian Nana , Yan Hong , Wang Juan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo obtain new anticancer agents with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy, a series of novel N4‐hydrazone derivatives of 5,7‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐one were designed and synthesized by an eight‐step reaction, with appropriate yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against A549 and MCF‐7 cells and for antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro. The results showed that compounds 25 and 35 not only showed potent antiproliferative activity against the A549 (IC50 = 15.3 and 21.4 μM) and MCF‐7 (IC50 = 15.6 and 10.9 μM) cell lines but also showed certain antiplatelet aggregation activity (inhibition rates: 47.0% and 45.8%). These results indicated that the structural modification on the N4‐hydrazone moiety of 5,7‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐6‐one is promising to obtain novel anticancer compounds with antimetastatic adjunct efficacy. In addition, a molecular docking study was performed to investigate the possible targets, and these results indicated that compounds 25 and 35 have the potential to target EGFR, HER2, and P2Y12.
Neolignans and Sesquiterpenoid from Piper yunnanense
Authors: Chen Yu‐Xi , You Yun‐Xia , Rao Li , Liu Yu , He Qian , Xu You‐Kai , Lin Bin , Zhang Chuan‐Rui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo biphenyl‐type neolignans with a rare dibenzofuran skeleton, including a new one piyunneolignan A (1) and a known one piperneolignan D (2), together with a new sesquiterpenoid piyunin A (3), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Piper yunnanense. Their structures were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Piyunneolignan A (1) featured a rare C‐2−C‐2′/C‐3−O−C‐3′ linkage. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities against a panel of bacteria, fungi, and human cancer cell lines, respectively.
Koninginin W, a New Polyketide from the Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002
Authors: Wang Yong‐Liang , Hu Bin‐Yuan , Qian Meng‐An , Wang Zi‐Hang , Zou Jing‐Mei , Sang Xu‐Yan , Li Lei , Luo Xiao‐Dong , Zhao Li‐Xing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new compound named koninginin W (1) and four known polyketides (2–5) were isolated from endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002 of Panax notoginseng. The structures of 1 ‐ 5, including absolute configuration of 1, were elucidated on the detailed analysis of the HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and X‐ray crystallographic data. Koninginin W (1) presented weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium.
Phase Separation‐Promoted Redox Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols over a Supported Dual Catalysts System
Authors: Zhao Zhitong , Wang Chengyi , Chen Qipeng , Wang Yu , Xiao Rui , Tan Chunxia , Liu Guohua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnification of oxidation and reduction in a one‐pot deracemization process has great significance in the preparation of enantioenriched organic molecules. However, the intrinsic mutual deactivation of oxidative and reductive catalysts and the extrinsic incompatible reaction conditions are unavoidable challenges in a single operation. To address these two issues, we develop a supported dual catalysts system to overcome these conflicts from incompatibility to compatibility, resulting in an efficient one‐pot redox deracemization of secondary alcohols. During this transformation, the TEMPO species onto the outer surface of silica nanoparticles catalyze the oxidation of racemic alcohols to ketones, and the chiral Rh/diamine species in the nanochannels of the thermoresponsive polymer‐coated hollow‐shell mesoporous silica enable the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones to chiral alcohols. To demonstrate the general feasibility, a series of orthogonal oxidation/ATH cascade reactions are compared to prove the compatible benefits in the elimination of their deactivations and the balance of the cascade directionality. As presented in this study, this redox deracemization process provides various chiral alcohols with enhanced yields and enantioselectivities relative to those from unsupported dual catalysts systems. Furthermore, the dual catalysts can be recycled continuously, making them an attractive feature in the application.
Cascade Reaction to Selectively Synthesize Multifunctional Indole Derivatives by IrIII‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Chai Xin‐Yue , Xu Hui‐Bei , Dong Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn effective and condition‐controlled way to synthesize with high selectivity a variety of functionalized indoles with potent biological properties has been developed. Notably, 2,4‐dialkynyl indole products were obtained by direct double C−H bond alkynylation, whereas alkynyl at the C4 position could convert to carbonyl to generate 2‐alkynyl‐3,4‐diacetyl indoles fast and effectively. Additionally, a one‐pot relay catalytic reaction led to 2,5‐di‐alkynyl‐3,4‐diacetyl indoles when using a carbonyl group as the directing group and by controlling the type and quantity of additives. A possible mechanism was proposed based on many studies including deuterium‐exchange experiments, the necessary conditions of product conversion, and the effect of water on the reaction.
Profiling and Validation of Live‐Cell Protein Methylation with Engineered Enzymes and Methionine Analogues
Authors: Weiss Nicole , Seneviranthe Chamara , Jiang Ming , Wang Ke , Luo Minkui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein methyltransferases (PMTs) regulate many aspects of normal and disease processes through substrate methylation, with S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) as a cofactor. It has been challenging to elucidate cellular protein lysine and arginine methylation because these modifications barely alter physical properties of target proteins and often are context dependent, transient, and substoichiometric. To reveal bona fide methylation events associated with specific PMT activities in native contexts, we developed the live‐cell Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation (lcBPPM) technology, in which the substrates of specific PMTs are labeled by engineered PMTs inside living cells, with in situ–synthesized SAM analogues as cofactors. The biorthogonality of this technology is achieved because these SAM analogue cofactors can only be processed by the engineered PMTs—and not native PMTs—to modify the substrates with distinct chemical groups. Here, we describe the latest lcBPPM protocol and its application to reveal proteome‐wide methylation and validate specific methylation events. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Live‐cell labeling of substrates of protein methyltransferases GLP1 and PRMT1 with lcBPPM‐feasible enzymes and SAM analogue precursorsSupport Protocol: Gram‐scale synthesis of Hey‐MetBasic Protocol 2: Click labeling of lcBPPM cell lysates with a biotin‐azide probeAlternate Protocol: Click labeling of small‐scale lcBPPM cell lysates with a TAMRA‐azide dye for in‐gel fluorescence visualizationBasic Protocol 3: Enrichment of biotinylated lcBPPM proteome with streptavidin beadsBasic Protocol 4: Proteome‐wide identification of lcBPPM targets with mass spectrometryBasic Protocol 5: Validation of individual lcBPPM targets by western blot
Potential biomarkers and targets of mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Li Liyang , Qi Ruixue , Zhang Linlin , Yu Yuexin , Hou Jiayun , Gu Yutong , Song Dongli , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the imbalance of cellular homeostasis and the development of diseases, which is regulated by mitochondria‐associated factors. The present review aims to explore the process of the mitochondrial quality control system as a new source of the potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for diseases, including mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, interactions between mitochondria and other organelles (lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, endosomes, and lysosomes), as well as the regulation and posttranscriptional modifications of mitochondrial DNA/RNA (mtDNA/mtRNA). The direct and indirect influencing factors were especially illustrated in understanding the interactions among regulators of mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, mtDNA/mtRNAs and proteomic profiles of mitochondria in various lung diseases were also discussed as an example. Thus, alternations of mitochondria‐associated regulators can be a new category of biomarkers and targets for disease diagnosis and therapy.
Long‐term study reveals top‐down effect of crabs on a California salt marsh
Authors: Beheshti Kathryn M. , Wasson Kerstin , Angelini Christine , Silliman Brian R. , Hughes Brent B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsumers can structure plant communities and may function as keystone species or ecosystem engineers. In salt marshes, the prevailing paradigm has shifted in recent decades from nearly complete focus on bottom‐up processes to inclusion of top‐down effects. Although the number of studies investigating top‐down control continues to climb, few experiments span multiple years, so temporal variability in or long‐term impacts of consumers have not been well characterized. In addition, while top‐down control has been found to be common in Western and Eastern Atlantic and Western Pacific salt marshes, our study is one of the first to experimentally consider top‐down control of salt marsh plants in the Eastern Pacific. We conducted a five‐year field experiment along eroding creekbank edges of a California salt marsh in which we manipulated densities of the shore crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, and tracked marsh responses over time. Our results demonstrate that, through both consumption and engineering activities, this superabundant crab is regulating marsh vegetation and soil structure. Experimentally reducing crab abundance enhanced vegetation biomass and sediment bulk density. Moreover, root biomass and bulk density—factors known to increase marsh resilience to erosion and sea‐level rise—decreased linearly with increasing burrow density. Our long‐term study uniquely revealed that burrows can persist for years after crab abundances are reduced and that plant responses from grazer exclusions gradually strengthen over time, likely due to the relatively slow growth of woody perennial foundational plants. Since shore crabs are abundant throughout the marsh in most major estuaries within the range of the species (from Baja California, Mexico to Oregon, USA), we hypothesize that this species is exerting significant, yet underappreciated top‐down control and modifying the sediment properties of many West Coast salt marshes.
Disentangling climate from soil nutrient effects on plant biomass production using a multispecies phytometer
Authors: Wilfahrt Peter A. , Schweiger Andreas H. , Abrantes Nelson , Arfin‐Khan Mohammed A. S. , Bahn Michael , Berauer Bernd J. , Bierbaumer Michael , Djukic Ika , van Dusseldorp Marleen , Eibes Pia , Estiarte Marc , von Hessberg Andreas , Holub Petr , Ingrisch Johannes , Schmidt Inger Kappel , Kesic Lazar , Klem Karel , Kröel‐Dulay György , Larsen Klaus S. , Lõhmus Krista , Mänd Pille , Orbán Ildikó , Orlovic Sasa , Peñuelas Josep , Reinthaler David , Radujković Dajana , Schuchardt Max , Schweiger Julienne M.‐I. , Stojnic Srdjan , Tietema Albert , Urban Otmar , Vicca Sara , Jentsch Anke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlant community biomass production is co‐dependent on climatic and edaphic factors that are often covarying and non‐independent. Disentangling how these factors act in isolation is challenging, especially along large climatic gradients that can mask soil effects. As anthropogenic pressure increasingly alters local climate and soil resource supply unevenly across landscapes, our ability to predict concurrent changes in plant community processes requires clearer understandings of independent and interactive effects of climate and soil. To address this, we developed a multispecies phytometer (i.e., standardized plant community) for separating key drivers underlying plant productivity across gradients. Phytometers were composed of three globally cosmopolitan herbaceous perennials, Dactylis glomerata, Plantago lanceolata, and Trifolium pratense. In 2017, we grew phytometer communities in 18 sites across a pan‐European aridity gradient in local site soils and a standardized substrate and compared biomass production. Standard substrate phytometers succeeded in providing a standardized climate biomass response independent of local soil effects. This allowed us to factor out climate effects in local soil phytometers, establishing that nitrogen availability did not predict biomass production, while phosphorus availability exerted a strong, positive effect independent of climate. Additionally, we identified a negative relationship between biomass production and potassium and magnesium availability. Species‐specific biomass responses to the environment in the climate‐corrected biomass were asynchronous, demonstrating the importance of species interactions in vegetation responses to global change. Biomass production was co‐limited by climatic and soil drivers, with each species experiencing its own unique set of co‐limitations. Our study demonstrates the potential of phytometers for disentangling effects of climate and soil on plant biomass production and suggests an increasing role of P limitation in the temperate regions of Europe.
A novel method of generating RNAi libraries for high‐throughput gene function analysis of creeping bentgrass
Authors: Hao Jingjie , Ma Conglie , Yin Yanhai , Fei Shui‐zhang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for gene function analysis, particularly for outcrossing polyploid species where simultaneous mutations of multiple alleles of a gene with similar but nonidentical sequences may not be readily achieved with the novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 gene editing tools. The most effective RNAi strategy in plants is to use long hairpin RNAi (lhRNAi) constructs containing inverted repeats (IRs) of target genes. Previously, we used a Phi29‐Amplified RNAi Construct method to create a single lhRNAi construct that was shown to be highly effective in gene silencing in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. Here, we describe a method of creating a library of lhRNAi constructs ready for high‐throughput gene function analysis in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), an important turfgrass species. A cDNA population in which salt‐responsive genes were enriched by suppression subtractive hybridization was used as the source of IRs. Sequencing of 13 randomly selected colonies from the lhRNAi library showed that the size of IRs varied from 184 to 994 bp, which is appropriate for RNAi, and nine of the IRs were shown to be homologous to known genes in closely related grasses. In addition to the demonstration of the proof‐of‐concept of creating an expression‐ready library, the salt stress‐specific lhRNAi library represents a valuable resource for studying the functions of salt‐responsive genes in creeping bentgrass. The method described here is broadly applicable to all plant species where an efficient plant transformation platform is available.
Suppression of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells by an antagonist of growth hormone‐releasing hormone
Authors: Akhter Mohammad S. , Barabutis Nektarios 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrowth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic hormone, which regulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary gland. The effects of GHRH extend beyond the GH—insulin‐like growth factor I axis, and that neuropeptide has been involved in the potentiation of several malignancies and other inflammatory disorders. The development of GHRH antagonists (GHRHAnt) delivers an exciting possibility to counteract the pathogenesis of the GHRH‐related effects in human pathophysiology, especially when considered that GHRHAnt support endothelial barrier integrity. Those GHRHAnt‐mediated effects are exerted at least in part due to the suppression of major inflammatory pathways, and the modulation of major cytoskeletal components. In the present study, we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, and human lung microvascular endothelial cells exposed to GHRH or a commercially available GHRHAnt. Our findings reveal the antioxidative effects of GHRHAnt in all three cell lines, which express GHRH receptors. The redox status of NIH/3T3 cells, which do not produce GHRH receptors, was not significantly affected by GHRH or GHRHAnt. Hence, the application of GHRHAnt in pathologies related to increased ROS production should be further investigated.
Experimental models of Barth syndrome
Authors: Pu William T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMutation of the gene Tafazzin (TAZ) causes Barth syndrome, an X‐linked disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, and neutropenia. TAZ is an acyltransferase that catalyzes the remodeling of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we review the major model systems that have been established to study the role of cardiolipin remodeling in mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome. We summarize key features of each model and provide examples of how each has contributed to advance our understanding of TAZ function and Barth syndrome pathophysiology.
Resistance exercise training with protein supplementation improves skeletal muscle strength and improves quality of life in late adolescents and young adults with Barth syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Bohnert Kathryn L. , Ditzenberger Grace , Bittel Adam J. , de las Fuentes Lisa , Corti Manuela , Pacak Christina A. , Taylor Carolyn , Byrne Barry J. , Reeds Dominic N. , Cade W. Todd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuscle weakness and exercise intolerance contribute to reduced quality of life (QOL) in Barth syndrome (BTHS). Our group previously found that 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) improved muscle strength, however, did not increase muscle (lean) mass or QOL in n = 3 young adults with BTHS. The overall objective of this pilot study was to examine the safety and effectiveness of RET plus daily protein supplementation (RET + protein) on muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass, exercise tolerance, cardiac function, and QOL in late adolescents/young adults with BTHS.MethodsParticipants with BTHS (n = 5, age 27 ± 7) performed 12 weeks of supervised RET (60 minutes per session, three sessions/week) and consumed 42 g/day of whey protein. Muscle strength, muscle mass, exercise capacity, cardiac function, and health‐related QOL were assessed pre‐post intervention.ResultsRET + protein was safe, increased muscle strength and quality of life, and tended to increase lean mass.ConclusionsRET + protein appears safe, increases muscle strength and quality of life and tends to increase lean mass. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and to fully determine the effects of RET + protein in individuals with BTHS.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Strain in Suspected Myocarditis With Preserved LV‐EF: A Comparison Between Patients With Negative and Positive Late Gadolinium Enhancement Findings
Authors: Chen Yan , Sun Zhonghua , Xu Lei , Liu Jiayi , Li Yu , Zhang Nan , Liu Dongting , Wen Zhaoying 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLate gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is absent in many patients with suspected myocarditis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LV‐EF), which poses difficulties in diagnosis and risk stratification.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of ventricular myocardial strain in patients with suspected myocarditis, preserved LV‐EF, and negative Lake Louis Criteria (LLC) by comparing the findings in LGE negative and LGE positive patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 108 patients with clinically suspected myocarditis who did not satisfy LLC were divided into LGE negative (N = 65) and LGE positive (N = 43) groups. A control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers.Field Strength/SequenceSteady‐state free precession cine and phase‐sensitive inversion recovery segmented gradient echo LGE sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentMyocardial strain of the ventricles was evaluated by feature tracking, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed during follow‐up since the date of magnetic resonance examination.Statistical TestsIndependent‐samples t test, Mann–Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCardiac function and myocardial deformability were impaired in all patients relative to controls. Left ventricular‐global radial (LV‐GRS), circumferential (LV‐GCS), and longitudinal (LV‐GLS) strain had diagnostic value, even in LGE negative patients (sensitivity = 0.446, 0.523, and 0.662; specificity = 0.92, 0.80, and 0.64; AUC = 0.685, 0.675, and 0.648, respectively). After a median follow‐up of 530.5 (interquartile range: 168.5–969.25) days, MACE occurred in 18 (16.67%) patients. Right ventricular GLS showed prognostic value in all patients and in LGE negative patients, both in univariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.049, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001–1.099 and HR 1.068, 95% CI 1.011–1.127, respectively) and in multivariable Cox survival analysis. LV‐GLS was associated with MACE in LGE positive patients in multivariable Cox survival analysis.Data ConclusionMyocardial strain provides diagnostic and prognostic value in suspected myocarditis with preserved LV‐EF, even in the absence of LGE.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy2