bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking is a risk factor for postoperative ileus after radical resection in male patients
Authors: Wang Jiangling , Guo Wenjing , Cui Xiaoying , Shen Yajian , Guo Ye , Cai Yunfang , Liu Xinyi , Fang Man , Gu Bin , Yuan Junbo , Xie Yuyizi , Xie Kangjie , Zhou Huidan , Chen Xinzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most smokers are males, and smoking has been indicated as a risk factor for many cancers as well as postoperative complications after cancer surgery. However, little is known about whether smoking is a risk factor for postoperative ileus (POI) after radical rectal cancer resection in males. The aim of this study was to assess whether smoking is a risk factor for POI after radical resection in male rectal cancer patients.
Data of 1486 patients who underwent radical resection for rectal cancer were extracted from the clinical medical system in our hospital and were statistically analyzed. POI was defined as nausea, vomiting or pain, failure to have bowel function for more than 4 days postoperatively, and absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction.
The rate of POI was 12.79%. Univariate analysis showed that patients in the POI group were more likely to have a history of smoking and drinking and receive intraperitoneal chemotherapy and had a larger intraperitoneal chemotherapy dosage. In the multivariable analysis, smoking remained significantly associated with a higher incidence of POI (OR 2.238, 95% CI [1.545–3.240], P = .000). The results also showed that patients who received postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia had a lower incidence of POI.
Male patients with a history of smoking who undergo elective radical resection for rectal cancer have an increased risk for POI complications.
Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in the geriatric department at a single-center in China
Authors: Tao Lina , Qu Xiaoyu , Gao Huan , Zhai Jinghui , Zhang Yueming , Song Yanqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aging of the population has become a worldwide concern, especially in China. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are prominent issues in elderly patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs in older inpatients and further to explore the factors associated with PIM use.
A retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 1200 inpatients aged 65 years or older admitted from January 2015 to December 2015 were included. The prevalence of polypharmacy (5–9 medications) and hyperpolypharmacy (10 or more medications) was calculated. The 2019 American Geriatric Society Beers criteria were applied to assess PIMs use. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent factors of PIM use, while zero-inflated negative binomial regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between polypharmacy and PIM use.
The median age of the study population was 76 years (interquartile range = 71–81). The median number of medications was 9 (interquartile range = 7–12). 91.58% of the patients took 5 or more medications simultaneously, and 30.08% of the patients were subjected to one or more PIMs. Spironolactone, furosemide, and zopiclone were the top 3 most frequently encountered PIMs. Hyperpolypharmacy and older age were identified as independent factors associated with PIM use. The risk of PIMs rises with the number of medications prescribed.
Polypharmacy and PIM use were common in our study, and the risk of PIM use correlated with an increase in the number of medications already prescribed.
Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with response to lenvatinib after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
Authors: Yano Shigeki , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Johira Yusuke , Miura Ryoichi , Kosaka Masanari , Shirane Yuki , Murakami Serami , Amioka Kei , Naruto Kensuke , Ando Yuwa , Kosaka Yumi , Yamaoka Kenji , Kodama Kenichiro , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Fujino Hatsue , Ohno Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Okamoto Wataru , Yamauchi Masami , Imamura Michio , Mori Keiichi , Arihiro Kouji , Kuroda Shintaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki , Aikata Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Various treatments are available for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The immune checkpoint inhibitor combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab was recently approved for the treatment of unresectable HCC, but there are few reports on the failure of the combination treatment. Here, we present a case of unresectable HCC with adrenal metastasis that was eventually operated on after lenvatinib (LEN) treatment that followed failed treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Patient concerns:
A 68-year-old man was diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-based HCC with adrenal metastasis.

Diagnosis:
Cirrhosis was classified as Child-Pugh score of 5. HCC was diagnosed as Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C.

Interventions:
We initiated treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Liver dysfunction appeared 2 days after the first administration but was improved by intravenous rehydration and did not appear after the second course. The HCC shrank, but the adrenal metastasis grew bigger after the fourth course, so we changed the therapy to LEN. After HCC and adrenal metastasis were necrotic by LEN, conversion surgery was performed.

Outcomes:
After successful conversion therapy, the general condition of the patient was good, and has been carefully followed for 4 months to date without any evidence of further recurrences.

Lessons:
This case showed that even if atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is not effective, multidisciplinary treatment such as LEN and conversion surgery is possible. Given the efficacy of LEN after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, it is important to consider that there is a possibility of cure even when first-line treatment is not effective for a patient with unresectable HCC.
Amelioration of hypercalcemia by cinacalcet treatment in a subject with relapsing acquired hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Authors: Sanada Junpei , Kamei Shinji , Shimoda Masashi , Tatsumi Fuminori , Kimura Tomohiko , Obata Atsushi , Kohara Kenji , Nakanishi Shuhei , Kaku Kohei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia is classified as acquired hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (AHH) and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). While FHH is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, AHH is one of the rare acquired diseases and is usually treated with prednisolone. Here, we report a case with relapsing AHH which was well controlled with cinacalcet therapy.

Patient concern:
A 68-year-old Japanese man was referred to our institution because of hypercalcemia. Despite such hypercalcemia, he was almost asymptomatic.

Diagnostics:
We diagnosed him as AHH due to the following reason. First, the ratio of calcium (Ca)/creatinine clearance was very low which met the criteria. Second, there was no overt family history of hypercalcemia. Third, his serum Ca level was within the normal range 3 years before. Fourth, despite hypercalcemia, he was almost asymptomatic and had no evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Interventions:
Although it is known that steroid therapy is useful for AHH, optimal treatment remains unknown and cinacalcet therapy is very much limited for the treatment of AHH. In this subject, we introduced cinacalcet therapy for the treatment of relapsing AHH.

Outcomes:
Serum Ca and parathyroid hormone levels were normalized after such therapy with cinacalcet.

Conclusions:
We should bear in mind that cinacalcet treatment is effective for the treatment of relapsing AHH.
The combination therapy of subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection and intravitreal brolucizumab for brolucizumab-related intraocular inflammation
Authors: Shigemoto Yumi , Sakurada Yoichi , Fukuda Yoshiko , Matsubara Mio , Parikh Ravi , Kashiwagi Kenji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Brolucizumab is a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent with clinical trials demonstrating excellent efficacy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in both visual and anatomic outcomes. However, there is concern of intraocular inflammation (IOI), and we propose concurrent subtenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) to prevent IOI.

Patient concern:
A 73-year-old man was treated with aflibercept for neovascular AMD in his right eye. Despite 11 months of monthly intravitreal aflibercept injections, optical coherence tomography demonstrated persistent exudation. Ten days following his second brolucizumab injection, the patient presented with decreased vision due to vitritis in his right eye

Diagnosis:
Brolucizumab-related IOI in neovascular AMD refractory to aflibercept.

Interventions:
A combination therapy involving of intravitreal brolucizumab and STTA

Outcomes:
The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor was changed back to aflibercept; however, exudation persisted. Therefore, a combination therapy involving STTA (5 mg/0.5 mL) and intravitreal injection of brolucizumab (6.0 mg/0.05 mL) was performed to treat the exudation and as prophylaxis to recurrent IOI. Combination therapy achieved no recurrent IOI and resolution of exudation with 8-week treatment intervals.

Lessons:
This case might indicate that STTA is not only an optimal treatment option for brolucizumab-related IOI but also a preventive agent for this condition.
Effects of Shenfu injection on inflammatory factors and immune function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Authors: Pei Honglian , Ma Youfeng , Wang Lin , Wang Liping , Xu Li , Wang Rong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common infectious respiratory disease in pediatrics, and macrolide antibiotics are the optimal treatment option. In recent years, there is a significant increase in the resistance of this pathogen to macrolide antibiotics, which makes the clinical treatment of this disease increasingly complex. Shenfu injection (SFI), a herbal extract injection, has advantages of improving immune function, reducing inflammatory reaction, improving curative effect and shortening the course of disease in the treatment of pediatric MP. However, there is a lack of rigorous clinical studies to evaluate the effects of SFI on inflammatory factors and immune function in children with MP.

Methods:
This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial protocol. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of SFI on inflammatory factors and immune function in children with MP. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to either the treatment group (azithromycin + 100 mL 5% glucose injection + 50 mL SFI) or the control group (azithromycin + 150 mL 5% glucose injection). Patients in both groups received the standard treatment for 7 days. The levels of inflammatory factor indexes (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α) and immune function indexes (immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M) in both groups were measured at the beginning of treatment, on the 3rd day of treatment and at the end of treatment. Besides, the time of improvement in clinical symptoms (duration of cough, time of disappearance of lung rales, time of fever reduction, and time of disappearance of lung X-ray infiltrative shadow) and adverse effects in both groups were recorded. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.

Discussion:
In this study, an evaluation was conducted on the effects of SFI on inflammatory factors and immune function in pediatric MP. The results of this experiment will provide a clinical basis for the adjuvant treatment of pediatric MP with SFI.

Trial registration:
OSF Registration number:
The Effect of Intravitreal Ocriplasmin on Hue Discrimination
Authors: Neffendorf James E. , Kirthi Varo , Soare Cristina , Jackson Timothy L. 
Published: October 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
We report 13 patients who received ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue test total error score (TES) increased from baseline to month 1, before recovering at year 1. Ocriplasmin may alter hue discrimination.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine whether intravitreal ocriplasmin affects hue discrimination.

METHODS
Thirteen patients with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion received intravitreal ocriplasmin 125 μg. Patients underwent full ocular examination, optical coherence tomography, and FM 100 hue test at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year.

RESULTS
Mean age was 74.8 years. The median baseline FM 100 TES was similar in the injected and fellow eyes (272 vs. 252, respectively). Median TES in the injected eye increased from 272 to 348 at 1 week (median difference compared with baseline, +52.0; 98.8% confidence interval of difference, −64.0 to 184.0; P = .29), decreased to 324 at 1 month (median difference compared with baseline, −4.0; 98.8% confidence interval of difference, −44.0 to 256.0; P = .40), and decreased to 268 at 1 year (median difference compared with baseline, −108.0; 93.8% confidence interval of difference, −200.0 to 52.0; P = .19). Two patients (15.4%) had anatomic release of vitreomacular adhesion, occurring within 1 month of injection.

CONCLUSIONS
Ocriplasmin may alter hue discrimination, but larger studies are required to provide sufficient power to detect or exclude a statistically significant effect. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the duration of any effect.
Regional excess mortality during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: a study of five European countries
Authors: Konstantinoudis Garyfallos , Cameletti Michela , Gómez-Rubio Virgilio , León Gómez Inmaculada , Pirani Monica , Baio Gianluca , Larrauri Amparo , Riou Julien , Egger Matthias , Vineis Paolo , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on excess mortality from all causes in 2020 varied across and within European countries. Using data for 2015-2019, we applied Bayesian spatio-temporal models to quantify the expected weekly deaths at the regional level had the pandemic not occurred in England, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. With around 30%, Madrid, Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon (Spain) and Lombardia (Italy) were the regions with the highest excess mortality. In England, Greece and Switzerland, the regions most affected were Outer London and the West Midlands (England), Eastern, Western and Central Macedonia (Greece), and Ticino (Switzerland), with 15-20% excess mortality in 2020. Our study highlights the importance of the large transportation hubs for establishing community transmission in the first stages of the pandemic. Acting promptly to limit transmission around these hubs is essential to prevent spread to other regions and countries.
In-person schooling and associated COVID-19 risk in the United States over Spring Semester 2021
Authors: Wiens Kirsten E. , Smith Claire P. , Badillo-Goicoechea Elena , Grantz Kyra H. , Grabowski M. Kate , Azman Andrew S. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Lessler Justin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBecause of the importance of schools to childhood development, the relationship between in-person schooling and COVID-19 risk has been one of the most important questions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous work using data from the United States in winter 2020-21 showed that in-person schooling carried some risk for household members, and that mitigation measures reduced this risk. However, in-person schooling behavior and the COVID-19 landscape changed radically over the 2021 spring semester. Here we use data from a massive online survey to characterize changes in in-person schooling behavior and associated risks over that period. We find a significant increase in the frequency of in-person schooling and a reduction in mitigation, and that in-person schooling is associated with increased reporting of COVID-19 outcomes, even among vaccinated individuals (though the absolute risk among the vaccinated is greatly reduced). Moreover, vaccinated teachers working outside the home were less likely to report COVID-19-related outcomes than unvaccinated teachers reporting no work outside the home. Adequate mitigation measures appear to eliminate the excess risk associated with in person schooling.
The Rpd3-complex regulates expression of multiple cell surface recycling factors in yeast
Authors: Amoiradaki Konstantina , Bunting Kate R , Paine Katherine M , Ayre Josephine E. , Hogg Karen , Laidlaw Kamilla ME , MacDonald Chris 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntracellular trafficking pathways control residency and bioactivity of integral membrane proteins at the cell surface. Upon internalisation, surface cargo proteins can be delivered back to the plasma membrane via endosomal recycling pathways. Recycling is thought to be controlled at the metabolic and transcriptional level, but such mechanisms are not fully understood. In yeast, recycling of surface proteins can be triggered by cargo deubiquitination and a series of molecular factors have been implicated in this trafficking. In this study, we follow up on the observation that many subunits of the Rpd3 lysine deacetylase complex are required for recycling. We validate ten Rpd3-complex subunits in recycling using two distinct assays and developed tools to quantify both. Fluorescently labelled Rpd3 localises to the nucleus and complements recycling defects, which we hypothesised were mediated by modulated expression of Rpd3 target gene(s). Bioinformatics implicated 32 candidates that function downstream of Rpd3, which were over-expressed and assessed for capacity to suppress recycling defects of rpd3Δ cells. This effort yielded 3 hits: Sit4, Dit1 and Ldb7, which were validated with a lipid dye recycling assay. Additionally, the essential phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase Pik1 was shown to have a role in recycling. We propose recycling is governed by Rpd3 at the transcriptional level via multiple downstream target genes.
Theoretical analysis and experiment on gas film stiffness with slip flow in a spiral-grooved dry gas seal
Authors: Lu Junjie 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to study the gas film stiffness of the spiral groove dry gas seal.

Design/methodology/approach
The present study represents the first attempt to calculate gas film stiffness in consideration of the slipping effect by using the new test technology for dry gas seals. First, a theoretical model of modified generalized Reynolds equation is derived with slipping effect of a micro gap for spiral groove gas seal. Second, the test technology examines micro-scale gas film vibration and stationary ring vibration to determine gas film stiffness by establishing a dynamic test system.

Findings
An optimum value of the spiral angle and groove depth for improved gas film stiffness is clearly seen: the spiral angle is 1.34 rad (76.8º) and the groove depth is 1 × 10–5 m. Moreover, it can be observed that optimal structural parameters can obtain higher gas film stiffness in the experiment. The average error between experiment and theory is less than 20%.

Originality/value
The present study represents the first attempt to calculate gas film stiffness in consideration of the slipping effect by using the new test technology for dry gas seals.
Design and performance evaluation of selective energy optimization of PV/T system
Authors: Aminou Moussavou Anges Akim , Ayeleso Ayokunle Oluwaseun , Adonis Marco , Raji Atanda 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a selective energy optimisation of the photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) system performance. The PV cell inside the PV/T system could be periodically manipulated to produce domestic hot water without applying an external power supply.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical simulation model of the proposed PV/T model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to analyse the selective energy optimisation of the model. The extrinsic cell resistance (Rse) is adjusted to control the ratio of thermal to the electrical energy, generated from the PV cell inside the PV/T system. Therefore, the internal heat of the PV cell inside the PV/T system is periodically used as a thermal element to produce electrical power and hot water.

Findings
The optimisation of PV/T energy shows that the electrical power efficiency can increase by 11.6% when Rse was 0 Ω, and the 200 L water tank temperature increased by 22ºC when Rse was 50 Ω.

Originality/value
This study showed that the use of the PV cell could be extended to domestic hot water and space heating, and not only for electricity.
Hot off the press: SGEM#343: Weight bias in medicine
Authors: Heitz Corey , Challen Kirsty , Milne William K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVarious forms of bias exist in medicine, including race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and weight bias. Weight bias has not received as much attention in the literature as other forms of bias. More often when discussing weight bias, the discussion is with regard to physician to patient bias, or patient to physician. In this article, we summarize the study performed by McLean et al. as well as the podcast and discussion, and social media commentary, in which the investigators evaluate the presence of physician to physician weight bias.
Advantages of nanofibrous membranes for culturing of primary RPE cells compared to commercial scaffolds
Authors: Tichotová Lucie , Studenovska Hana , Petrovski Goran , Popelka Štěpán , Nemesh Yaroslav , Sedláčková Miroslava , Drutovič Saskia , Rohiwal Sonali , Jendelová Pavla , Erceg Slaven , Brymová Anna , Artero‐Castro Ana , Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr , Straňák Zbyněk , Ellederová Zdeňka , Motlík Jan , Ardan Taras 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeDysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) causes numerous forms of retinal degeneration. RPE replacement is a modern option to save vision. We aimed to test the results of transplanting cultured RPEs on biocompatible membranes.MethodsWe cultivated porcine primary RPE cells isolated from cadaver eyes from the slaughterhouse on two types of membranes: commercial polyester scaffolds Transwell (Corning Inc., Kenneburg, ME, USA) with 0.4 µm pore size and prepared Poly (L‐lactide‐co‐DL‐lactide) (PDLLA) nanofibrous membranes with an average pore size of 0.4 µm.ResultsFive types of assays were used for the analysis: immunocytochemistry (ICC), phagocytosis assay, Western blotting, real‐time qPCR (RT‐qPCR) and electron microscopy. RT‐qPCR demonstrated that RPEs cultured on nanofibrous membranes have higher expressions of BEST1 (bestrophin 1), RLBP1 (retinaldehyde‐binding protein 1), RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium‐specific 65 kDa protein), PAX6 (transcription factor PAX6), SOX9 (transcription factor SOX9), DCT (dopachrome tautomerase) and MITF (microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor). ICC of the RPEs cultured on nanofibrous membranes showed more intensive staining of markers such as BEST1, MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1), Na+/K+ATPase, RPE65 and acetylated tubulin in comparison with commercial ones. Additionally, the absence of α‐SMA proved the stability of the RPE polarization state and the absence of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. RPE possessed high phagocytic activity. Electron microscopy of both membranes confirmed a confluent layer of RPE cells and their genuine morphological structure, which was comparable to native RPEs.ConclusionsRetinal pigment epitheliums cultured on polylactide nanofibrous membranes improved the final quality of the cell product by having better maturation and long‐term survival of the RPE monolayer compared to those cultured on commercial polyester scaffolds. PDLLA‐cultured RPEs are a plausible source for the replacement of non‐functioning RPEs during cell therapy.