bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider and coach perspectives on implementing shadow coaching to improve provider–patient interactions
Authors: Quigley Denise D. , Qureshi Nabeel , Slaughter Mary E. , Kim Scott , Talamantes Efrain , Hays Ron D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare organizations want to improve patient care experiences. Some use ‘shadow coaching’ to improve interactions between providers and patients. A Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) implemented a half‐day observation of individual primary‐care providers by a ‘shadow coach’ during real‐time patient visits, including an in‐person verbal debrief afterwards and a written report with specific recommendations. Shadow coaching identified areas for improvement. We aimed to characterize lessons and barriers to implementing shadow coaching as a mechanism to improve interactions with patients and change organizational culture.MethodsWe examined provider and coach perceptions of shadow coaching through interviewing coached providers, stratified by provider type and Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) performance, and the coaches who coached the most providers. We interviewed 19 coached providers and 2 coaches in a large, urban FQHC. Content analysis identified implementation barriers, facilitators and themes.ResultsCoaches reported needing ‘buy‐in’ throughout the organization and the need to be credible and empathize with the providers being coached. Most providers reported behaviour changes based on recommendations. Almost all providers recalled at least one coaching recommendation that was actionable. Providers and coaches highlighted patient‐level and practise‐level barriers that impeded their ability to implement recommended improvements. CAHPS data was reported as an effective performance management metric for measuring change, counselling providers, and evaluating provider‐level efforts but was not always specific enough to yield tangible recommendations.ConclusionsRegular messaging by leadership about the priority and purpose of shadow coaching was essential for both physician engagement and its mature implementation across the organization. Coaching could be embedded into a long‐term strategy of professional development with periodic re‐coaching. Re‐coaching sessions could target issues raised by providers, such as dealing with difficult patients or specific populations. Research on the timing and content of re‐coaching is needed.
Rival Growth Prospects and Equity Prices: Evidence from Mass Layoff Announcements
Authors: BORDEMAN ADAM , KANNAN BHARADWAJ , PINHEIRO ROBERTO 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the impact of mass layoff announcements on industry rivals and find that investors perceive layoff announcements as news about industry prospects. When a layoff announcement conveys good (bad) news for the announcer, rivals on average witness a 0.51% increase (0.65% decrease) in cumulative abnormal stock returns. To explain this industry effect, we test a “growth opportunities” channel, where rivals with greater growth opportunities are affected most by changing industry prospects, and find that these firms experience the strongest contagion effect. Alternative industry classifications and a placebo test confirm that our results are not driven by confounding factors.
Climate change challenges and opportunities for seaweed aquaculture in California, the United States
Authors: Kübler Janet E. , Dudgeon Steven R. , Bush Douglas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeaweed aquaculture in California, the United States, is at an early stage of development. The coastal climate and growing season contrast with the cold‐temperate, where most seaweed cultivation in the US occurs. Climate change is warming coastal waters on average and increasing the frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs). In California, those changes co‐occur with predicted seasonal changes in upwelling. Warm, low nutrient events cause diebacks of wild Macrocystis pyrifera, and other wild‐harvested species. Aquaculture can replace wild‐harvested seaweeds and expand supplies of California‐grown seaweeds, if cultivation is developed with climate‐change resilience. We consider wild‐harvested species for traits expected to increase climate resilient productivity. Golden kombu, Laminaria farlowii, was selected for test cultivation. Early life stages were successfully grown. Sporophyte growth rates were higher in summer than winter, confirming Golden kombu as a summer crop in California. Based on projections of change in upwelling intensity and season in California, we suggest a physiological screening approach for resilience to conditions expected in different regions of coastal California by mid‐to‐late 21st century.
Novel functions of the root barrier to radial oxygen loss – radial diffusion resistance to H2 and water vapour
Authors: Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Pellegrini Elisa , Pedersen Ole 
Published: May 2021

Summary

The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.

We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).

The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60 kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.

Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.
Analgesic efficacy of a portable, disposable, and self‐applied transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device during migraine attacks: A real‐life randomized controlled trial
Authors: Domingues Flávia S. , Gayoso Maisa V. , Sikandar Shafaq , da Silva Leopoldo Muniz , Fonseca Ronaldo G. , de Barros Guilherme A. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a portable, disposable, and home self‐applied transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device during migraine attacks.BackgroundTENS has been used as a noninvasive treatment for migraine, but there are no reports on the outcomes following use of this treatment option for use at home during migraine attacks.Design and MethodsA double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted over 3 months, with monthly assessments. Active placebos (sham group) were in place and were allocated at a 1:1 ratio. Adult patients who had been diagnosed with migraine by a specialist were included. Pain intensity levels and functional disability were measured before and after the 20‐min self‐applied TENS intervention during the migraine attacks.ResultsSeventy‐four participants were randomly allocated to the sham and intervention groups. Although both groups of subjects reported lower pain scores, the intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in pain scores compared to the sham group.ConclusionIn our controlled trial, the use of a self‐applied, TENS device is safe and effective in relieving pain associated with migraine attacks. Participants in the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in pain and functional disability scores. TENS has been used as a noninvasive treatment for migraine, but there are no reports on the outcomes following use of this treatment option for use at home during migraine attacks. This double‐blind, randomized controlled trial had 2 groups: active‐placebo and intervention. Seventy‐four participants were randomly allocated. Participants in the intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in pain and functional disability scores.
Self‐esteem mediates effects of normal and pathological personality traits on subjective well‐being
Authors: Hart William , Richardson Kyle , Breeden Christopher J. , Kinrade Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

As subjective well‐being is foundational to understanding people, researchers have sought to uncover its correlates. Some theorizing proposes that effects of broad personality traits on subjective well‐being constructs are mediated by self‐esteem; unfortunately, evidence pertaining to this idea has been limited to the study of “normal” broad personality traits and limited measures of subjective well‐being. Here, we provided a more comprehensive test of this theory, and we examined the dominance of self‐esteem over normal and pathological broad personality traits in predicting an array of subjective well‐being constructs. In a primarily college sample (N = 272), we found that self‐esteem generally mediated the effects of all Five‐Factor Model (FFM) traits except Agreeableness and all pathological personality traits—represented in the Personality Inventory of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders traits (5th edition; PID‐5)—except Antagonism on a set of subjective well‐being measures; moreover, dominance analyses showed that self‐esteem was generally more important than any FFM or PID‐5 trait in predicting the subjective well‐being measures. We discuss limitations of our study along with some of its basic and applied implications.
Comparison of trauma sustained by civilian dogs and deployed military working dogs
Authors: Edwards Thomas H. , Scott Laura L.F. , Gonyeau Kerry E. , Howard Emily H. , Parker Jacquelyn S. , Hall Kelly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of types of trauma, mechanisms of injury, and outcomes among military working dogs (MWDs), operational canines (OpK9s), and civilian dogs (CDs) that sustained traumatic injury.DesignRetrospective descriptive analysis.AnimalsOne hundred and ninety‐three cases of MWD trauma, 26,099 cases of CD trauma, 35 cases of OpK9 trauma.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsMedical records of MWDs that incurred trauma while deployed to the Middle East were identified, and information was extracted from these records. The resultant database was compared to CD and OpK9s in the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry. All 3 groups showed similar trends with regard to type of trauma: penetrating injuries occurred most frequently, followed by blunt injuries for CDs and OpK9s. An equal proportion of blunt and blunt and penetrating traumas were observed in MWDs. Only MWDs sustained trauma from explosions, which accounted for 22.3% of injuries in this group. Animal bite/scratch/quilling and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were significantly more prevalent among CDs than MWDs (P < 0.01), whereas injuries from gunshot wounds (GSW) or a knife/sharp object were more common among MWDs compared to CDs (P < 0.01). No statistical differences in survival were observed between CDs and MWDs after excluding civilian dogs euthanized due to financial limitations.ConclusionsMWDs, OpK9s, and CDs experience differences in injury type, mechanism, and outcome. Regardless, MWDs and CDs have good prognosis for survival to discharge after trauma.
Morphodynamic and Climatic Control on Sandy Beaches: Challenges of Geoenvironmental Studies for the Conservation of Biodiversity and the Maintenance of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Freire de Carvalho Anderson Abbehusen , Silva Iracema Reimão 
Published: May 2021

As praias arenosas podem ser divididas em dois ecossistemas praiais: os autossustentáveis e os de interface, que respondem de forma diferente ao controle mofordinâmico e climático sobre a biodiversidade. Os principais fatores que atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas são a energia das ondas e a ação dos ventos, que são responsáveis pela movimentação do sedimento e a determinação do relevo da praia. As variações climáticas, a exemplo das tempestades, também influenciam de forma significativa a dinâmica dos ecossistemas praiais. Mesmo possuindo um equilíbrio ecológico delicado, as praias arenosas não têm sido reconhecidas como áreas prioritárias para conservação, talvez pela ausência de uma cobertura vegetal exuberante ou pela pouca percepção da sua biodiversidade. Para boa parte da população que frequenta as zonas costeiras, as praias arenosas aparentam ser um sistema biologicamente pobre e valorizado apenas pelos aspectos paisagísticos e de recreação. O uso recreativo intenso e a ocupação desordenada do pós-praia aumentam os impactos sobre esses ambientes, alterando a deposição de sedimentos, dificultando o deslocamento da biota e aumentando os processos erosivos, comprometendo a funcionalidade ecossistêmica. Diante deste contexto, se faz necessário realizar estudosde indicadores que possam fomentar estratégias adequadas para a gestão costeira, preservando o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas e a manutenção dos seus serviços, inclusive os considerados essenciais para a espécie humana. A presente revisão tem como objetivo principal discutir como os processos geoambientais, a exemplo dos morfodinâmicos e climáticos, atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas e como estes fenômenos podem influenciar o equilíbrio ecossistêmico e a oferta dos seus serviços. Dentro desse cenário também foi discutido as possíveis interferências das alterações climáticas, a ocupação desordenada dos ambientes costeiros e suas implicações para conservação das praias arenosas.
Phantom Cooling Effects on Rotor Blade Surface Heat Flux in a Transonic Full Scale 1 + 1/2 Stage Rotating Turbine
Authors: Anthony Richard J. , Finnegan John , Clark John P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experimental and numerical investigation of phantom cooling effects on cooled and uncooled rotating high pressure turbine blades in a full scale 1 + 1/2 stage turbine test is presented. Objectives set to capture, separate, and quantify the effects of upstream vane film-cooling and leakage flows on downstream rotor blade surface heat flux. Multiple series of 1 + 1/2 stage rotating high pressure turbine tests were carried out in the Air Force Research Laboratory, Turbine Research Facility, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. A non-proprietary research turbine was instrumented with high frequency double-sided thin film heat flux gauges custom made at AFRL. High bandwidth, time-resolved surface heat flux is measured on multiple film-cooled and non-film-cooled HPT rotor blades downstream of both film-cooled and non-film-cooled vane sectors. Upstream wake passing and heat flux is characterized on both rotor pressure and suction side surfaces, along with quantifying rotor phantom cooling effects from non-uniform first-stage vane film cooling and leakage flows. Fast response heat flux measurements quantify how rotor phantom cooling impacts the blade pressure side greatest. Measurements show upstream vane film-cooling alone can account for 50% of the rotor blade cooling effect in some instances, and even outweigh the rotor blade film cooling effect far from the blade showerhead holes. Added unsteady aero numerical simulation demonstrates how variations in inlet total temperature and incidence angle also contribute to the circumferentially non-uniform rotor heat flux. Results from this investigation aid modeling and design efforts in optimizing film cooling performance in real high-pressure turbine flow fields. Understanding the behavior of such non-uniform circumferential rotor phantom cooling effects can be critical to optimizing the efficiency, fuel consumption, range, and durability of advanced turbomachines.
Risk factors for asthma attacks and poor control in children: a prospective observational study in UK primary care
Authors: Lo David , Beardsmore Caroline , Roland Damian , Richardson Matthew , Yang Yaling , Danvers Lesley , Wilson Andrew , Gaillard Erol A 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for asthma attacks and poor asthma control in children aged 5–16 years.MethodsProspective observational cohort study of 460 children with asthma or suspected asthma from 10 UK general practices.Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index, practice deprivation decile, spirometry and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were recorded at baseline. Asthma control scores, asthma medication ratio (AMR) and the number of asthma attacks were recorded at baseline and at 6 months.The above independent variables were included in binary multiple logistic regression analyses for the dependent variables of: (1) poor symptom control and (2) asthma attacks during follow-up.ResultsPoor symptom control at baseline predicted poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 4.4, p=0.001), while an increase in deprivation decile (less deprived) was negatively associated with poor symptom control at 6 months (OR 0.79, p=0.003). Higher FeNO levels (OR 1.02, p<0.001) and a recent history of asthma attacks (OR 2.03, p=0.02) predicted asthma attacks during follow-up. Asian ethnicity was associated with a lower OR for a future attack (OR 0.32, p=0.02).A decrease in AMR was also associated with an increased OR for future asthma attacks (OR 2.99, p=0.003) when included as an independent variable.ConclusionsWe identified risk factors for poor symptom control and asthma attacks in children. Routine assessment of these factors should form part of the asthma review to identify children at an increased risk of adverse asthma-related events.
Quantitative Analysis of Tyrosine Phosphorylation from FFPE Tissues Reveals Patient-Specific Signaling Networks
Authors: Kohale Ishwar N. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Mladek Ann C. , Bakken Katrina K. , Kuang Jenevieve , Boughey Judy C. , Wang Liewei , Carter Jodi M. , Haura Eric B. , Goetz Matthew P. , Sarkaria Jann N. , White Forest M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman tissue samples commonly preserved as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues after diagnostic or surgical procedures in the clinic represent an invaluable source of clinical specimens for in-depth characterization of signaling networks to assess therapeutic options. Tyrosine phosphorylation (pTyr) plays a fundamental role in cellular processes and is commonly dysregulated in cancer but has not been studied to date in FFPE samples. In addition, pTyr analysis that may otherwise inform therapeutic interventions for patients has been limited by the requirement for large amounts of frozen tissue. Here we describe a method for highly sensitive, quantitative analysis of pTyr signaling networks, with hundreds of sites quantified from one to two 10-μm sections of FFPE tissue specimens. A combination of optimized magnetic bead–based sample processing, optimized pTyr enrichment strategies, and tandem mass tag multiplexing enabled in-depth coverage of pTyr signaling networks from small amounts of input material. Phosphotyrosine profiles of flash-frozen and FFPE tissues derived from the same tumors suggested that FFPE tissues preserve pTyr signaling characteristics in patient-derived xenografts and archived clinical specimens. pTyr analysis of FFPE tissue sections from breast cancer tumors as well as lung cancer tumors highlighted patient-specific oncogenic driving kinases, indicating potential targeted therapies for each patient. These data suggest the capability for direct translational insight from pTyr analysis of small amounts of FFPE tumor tissue specimens.Significance:This study reports a highly sensitive method utilizing FFPE tissues to identify dysregulated signaling networks in patient tumors, opening the door for direct translational insights from FFPE tumor tissue banks in hospitals.
Steroid Ligands, the Forgotten Triggers of Nuclear Receptor Action; Implications for Acquired Resistance to Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Bleach Rachel , Madden Stephen F. , Hawley James , Charmsaz Sara , Selli Cigdem , Sheehan Katherine M. , Young Leonie S. , Sims Andrew H. , Souček Pavel , Hill Arnold D. , McIlroy Marie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
There is strong epidemiologic evidence indicating that estrogens may not be the sole steroid drivers of breast cancer. We hypothesize that abundant adrenal androgenic steroid precursors, acting via the androgen receptor (AR), promote an endocrine-resistant breast cancer phenotype.

Experimental Design:
AR was evaluated in a primary breast cancer tissue microarray (n = 844). Androstenedione (4AD) levels were evaluated in serum samples (n = 42) from hormone receptor–positive, postmenopausal breast cancer. Levels of androgens, progesterone, and estradiol were quantified using LC/MS-MS in serum from age- and grade-matched recurrent and nonrecurrent patients (n = 6) before and after aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy (&gt;12 months). AR and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway activities were analyzed in two independent AI-treated cohorts.

Results:
AR protein expression was associated with favorable progression-free survival in the total population (Wilcoxon, P &lt; 0.001). Pretherapy serum samples from breast cancer patients showed decreasing levels of 4AD with age only in the nonrecurrent group (P &lt; 0.05). LC/MS-MS analysis of an AI-sensitive and AI-resistant cohort demonstrated the ability to detect altered levels of steroids in serum of patients before and after AI therapy. Transcriptional analysis showed an increased ratio of AR:ER signaling pathway activities in patients failing AI therapy (t test P &lt; 0.05); furthermore, 4AD mediated gene changes associated with acquired AI resistance.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the importance of examining the therapeutic consequences of the steroid microenvironment and demonstrable receptor activation using indicative gene expression signatures.
LINC00239 Interacts with C-Myc Promoter-Binding Protein-1 (MBP-1) to Promote Expression of C-Myc in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Xiaoliang , Lu Juntao , Wu Zheng , Guo Yanli , Shen Supeng , Liang Jia , Dong Zhiming , Guo Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Increasing evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play a vital role in the progression of tumors, containing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). LINC00239 was reported as an oncogene in diverse kinds of cancers, whereas its specific role is still unclear in ESCC. In this study, we detected the expression and functional role of LINC00239 in ESCC specimens and cells, and investigated the molecular mechanisms of it. LINC00239 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells, and was related to poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. The proliferation, metastasis, and invasion ability as well as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were all enhanced in LINC00239-overexpressed ESCC cells. LINC00239 was upregulated in TGF-β1–treated ESCC cells. Furthermore, LINC00239 was found to bind directly to the transcription factor c-Myc promoter–binding protein-1 (MBP-1). MBP-1 was detected to inhibit the transcription of c-Myc in ESCC. Moreover, LINC00239 could activate c-Myc transcription through influencing MBP-1–binding ability to c-Myc promoter. These data suggest that LINC00239 may act as an oncogene to promote the transcription of c-Myc by competitively combining with MBP-1 in ESCC, and may serve as a potential target for antitumor therapy in ESCC.

Implications:
LINC00239 may function as an oncogenic lncRNA in ESCC through the LINC00239/MBP-1/c-Myc axis to activate EMT process.