bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of gap-filling algorithms for eddy covariance fluxes and their drivers
Authors: Mahabbati Atbin , Beringer Jason , Leopold Matthias , McHugh Ian , Cleverly James , Isaac Peter , Izady Azizallah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The errors and uncertainties associated with gap-filling algorithms of
water, carbon, and energy fluxes data have always been one of the main
challenges of the global network of microclimatological tower sites that use the eddy covariance (EC) technique. To address these concerns and find more efficient gap-filling algorithms, we reviewed eight algorithms to estimate missing values of environmental drivers and nine algorithms for
the three major fluxes typically found in EC time series. We then examined
the algorithms' performance for different gap-filling scenarios utilising
the data from five EC towers during 2013. This research's objectives were (a) to evaluate the impact of the gap lengths on the performance of each
algorithm and (b) to compare the performance of traditional and new
gap-filling techniques for the EC data, for fluxes, and separately for their corresponding meteorological drivers. The algorithms' performance was
evaluated by generating nine gap windows with different lengths, ranging
from a day to 365 d. In each scenario, a gap period was chosen randomly,
and the data were removed from the dataset accordingly. After running each
scenario, a variety of statistical metrics were used to evaluate the
algorithms' performance. The algorithms showed different levels of
sensitivity to the gap lengths; the Prophet Forecast Model (FBP) revealed
the most sensitivity, whilst the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs), for instance, did not vary as much by changing the gap length. The algorithms' performance generally decreased with increasing the gap length, yet the differences were not significant for windows smaller than 30 d. No significant differences between the algorithms were recognised for the meteorological and environmental drivers. However, the linear algorithms showed slight superiority over those of machine learning (ML), except the random forest (RF) algorithm estimating the ground heat flux (root mean square errors – RMSEs – of 28.91 and 33.92 for RF and classic linear regression – CLR, respectively). However, for the major fluxes, ML algorithms and the MDS showed superiority over the other algorithms. Even though ANNs, random forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) showed comparable performance in gap-filling of the major fluxes, RF provided more consistent results with slightly less bias against the other ML algorithms. The results indicated no single algorithm that outperforms in all situations, but the RF is a potential alternative for the MDS and ANNs as regards flux gap-filling.
Harp Tarihinin Etüdü ve Harp Tarihi Yazımında Yöntem
Authors: YALÇIN Osman 
Published: June 2021

Ordular görevlerinin bir gereği olarak barış şartlarında harbe hazır olmak için yoğun bir faaliyet içinde bulunurlar. Harbe hazırlık sürecinde geçmişte edinilen tecrübeler önemli bir yere sahiptir. Planların yapılabilmesi, milli doktrinlerin oluşması için askeri kültür ve harp tarihi yazımı büyük bir önemi haizdir. Bu tecrübelerin yazılması barış şartlarındaki ordu faaliyetini de kapsıyorsa askeri kültür tarihi olarak tanımlanırken, yalnız harp ve muharebeleri kapsıyorsa harp tarihi olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Bilimsel olarak harp tarihi yazmanın ve harp tarihini araştırmanın yöntemi tarih metodolojisine yakın olmakla birlikte kendine özgü bazı farklılıkları bulunmaktadır. Türk milleti, tarih yapan köklü milletlerden olması sebebiyle oldukça zengin bir harp tarihine sahiptir. Harplerde kendine özgü yöntemler geliştirerek taarruz, savunma ve başarılı geri çekilme uygulamaları yapan yetenekli subaylar yetiştirmiştir. Türk ve dünya askerlik tarihine katkı sağlaması ve gelecekteki harplerde uygulayıcılara kolaylık sunması açısından bu uygulamaların bilimsel yöntemlerle incelenmesine ihtiyaç vardır.
Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Lelaki Dewasa Dengan Diagnosa Tuberculosis Paru
Authors: Dafris Shanti 
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis Paru adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, yakni kuman aerob yang dapat hidup terutama di paru atau diberbagai organ tubuh yang lainnya yang mempunyai tekanan parsial oksigen yang tinggi. Organisasi kesehatan dunia menyatakan bahwa penyakit tuberculosis paru (TB) saat ini telah menjadi ancaman global, hampir sepertiga penduduk dunia telah terinfeksi TB. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengkajian. Hasil pengkajian di dapatkan biasanya nafasnya sesak, batuk berdahak lebih dari 2 minggu, berkeringat dingin pada malam hari disertai demam, keadaan umum klien lemah dan, RR : 28 x/menit, S : 38oC. Diagnosa yang muncul yaitu diagnosa Ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan nafas b/d pembentukan sputum berlebihan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dimana setelah dilakukan Asuhan Keperawatan, diagnosa dapat teratasi. Harapan kedepannya untuk dapat memaksimalkan tindakan keperawatan sehingga dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan sehingga dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang optimal pada pasien dengan tuberculosis paru.
n. 22 - A DESIGUALDADE DA INFRAESTRUTURA ESCOLAR DAS ESCOLAS ESTADUAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Carnaval Marilya Mariany 
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do artigo é verificar se há alguma relação entre a qualidade da infraestrutura escolar das escolas estaduais do município de São Paulo e a distribuição dos distritos em que as escolas se localizam. A perspectiva do artigo em relação a infraestrutura adotada abrange o conjunto de requisitos materiais e estruturais de cada escola ao acesso e uso pedagógico das pessoas. Os resultados estruturais de cada escola ao acesso e uso pedagógico das pessoas. Os resultados apresentados evidenciaram uma maior desigualdade nas condições de infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos em escolas localizadas em distritos de baixo nível socioeconômico. Nota-se, assim, uma desigualdade relacionada a questão territorial, social e econômica do município de São Paulo. As fontes de dados foram constituídas por informações sobre a infraestrutura da escola disponíveis nos questionários escolares da Prova Brasil dos anos de 2013 e 2015.
Optimal Vaccination Campaigns Using Stochastic SIR Model and Multiobjective Impulsive Control
Authors: Cardoso R. T. N. , Dusse A. C.S. , Adam K. 
Published: June 2021

A multiobjective impulsive control scheme is proposed to give answers on how optimal vaccination campaigns should be implemented, regarding two conflicting targets: making the total number of infecteds small and the vaccination campaign as handy as possible. In this paper, a stochastic SIR model is used to better depict the characteristics of a disease in practical terms, where little influences may lead to sudden and unpredictable changes in the behavior of transmissions. This model is extended to analyze the effects of impulsive vaccinations in two phases: the transient regime control, taking into account the necessity to reduce the number of infected individuals to an acceptable level in a finite time, and the permanent regime control, that will act with fixed vaccinations to avoid another outbreak. A parallel version of NSGA-II is used as the multiobjective optimization machinery, considering both the probability of eradication and the vaccination campaign costs. The final result using the proposed framework nondominated policies that can guide for public managers to decide which is the best procedure to be taken depending on the present situation.
HIV Viral Dynamic under Treatment with Intracellular Delay and Virus Decay as Interactive Parameters
Authors: C. Prata R. A. , M. Jafelice R. S. , M. Cabral V. , S. Pedro F. , C. Barros L. 
Published: June 2021

Treatment with antiviral drugs for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection causes a rapid reduction in plasma viral load. Viral decline occurs in several stages and provides information on important kinetic constants of virus replication in vivo and pharmacodynamic properties. We present a mathematical model that not only considers the intracellular phase of the viral life cycle, defined as the time between the infection of a cell and the production of new viral particles, but we also consider that this parameter together with the virus decay are interactive fuzzy numbers.
Inverse Modeling of Radiative Transfer by Two-Stream Approximation using the Luus-Jaakola Method
Authors: Ferreira F. F. , Krieger J. M. , Lyra G. B. , Telles W. R. , Souza J. L. , Silva Neto A. J. 
Published: June 2021

The simulation of terrestrial ecosystem processes, using numerical biosphere-atmosphere models that can be coupled to the Atmospheric Models, assist in a better diagnosis and forecast of climate and weather. To be able to represent a particular region, biome or ecosystem, the model parameters need to be adjusted for local conditions. This work aims to assess the Luus-Jaakola (LJ) method in the optimization of the parameters in a two-stream radiative transfer model applied to a vegetation canopy. Solar radiation components (incident, S↓, and reflected, S↑) were measured above a sugarcane crop in a Tropical region from February 17 to 24, 2006. Among the combinations of internal and external iterations evaluated for Luss-Jaakola method, 60/30 (external/internal) iterations presented more precise albedo (∝ = S↑/S↓) simulated (r^2 = 0.7386) and, for the accuracy of the simulated ∝, even though the 60/40 combination had the smallest percentual error (6.40%), the 60/30 combination was 0.03% higher. The precision and accuracy of S↑ was greater with the parameters obtained by the inverse problem with the combination of 60/30 (external/internal) iterations respectively. In general, the behavior of simulated S↑ at the top of the canopy was underestimated compared to the observed S↑, especially in the early morning. For the simulated ∝ at the top of the canopy, the model's overestimation was observed at the lowest values of albedo. When the largest albedos are observed, only at the beginning of the day the model underestimated the values. As shown by the tests result, the parameters optimized by Luus-Jaakola method have an adequate representation of the observed data.
Efficient Feature Set Developed for Acoustic Gunshot Detection in Open Space
Authors: Sigmund Milan , Hrabina Martin 
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an efficient approach to automatic gunshot detection based on a combination of two feature sets: adapted standard sound features and hand-crafted novel features. The standard features are mel-frequency cepstral coefficients adapted for gunshot recognition in terms of uniform gamma-tone filters linearly spaced over the whole frequency range from 0 kHz to 16 kHz. The first 18 coefficients calculated from the 41 filters represent the best set of the optimized cepstral coefficients. The novel features were derived in the time domain from individual significant points of the raw waveform after amplitude normalization. Experiments were performed using single and ensemble neural networks to verify the effectiveness of the novel features for supplementing the standard features. The novelty of the work is the proposed feature combination, which allows to achieve very effective detection of gunshots from hunting weapons using 23 features and a simple neural network. In binary classification, the developed approach achieved an accuracy of 95.02 % in gunshot detection and 98.16 % in disregarding other sounds (i.e., non-gunshot).
MOS-C Based Electronically Tuneable Current/Voltage-Mode Third Order Quadrature Oscillator and Biquadratic Filter Realization
Authors: Cicekli Hasan , Gokcen Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces a new electronically tuneable third order quadrature oscillator and biquadratic filter with MOS-C realization using all grounded passive components. Voltage-mode second order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass filters using second generation current conveyor and a current/voltage-mode third order quadrature sinusoidal oscillator using multi-output second generation current conveyor are synthesized from the proposed circuit topology. All synthesized circuits are compatible with integration and the center frequency can be electronically tuned by the gate voltage of the MOS transistors. The proposed circuits do not need any component matching condition. Oscillation condition and frequency of oscillation can be independently controlled. Workability of the proposed circuits is validated by PSPICE software using 0.18 micrometer MOSIS CMOS process parameters at ±0.9 V supply voltage. Tuneability of the oscillator is demonstrated for a tested frequency range both in voltage-mode and current-mode operations.
Evaluation of Aminophylline for the Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Patients
Authors: Sauer Hannah E. , Crews Kristine R. , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bourque Melissa S. , Bragg Allison W. , Triplett Brandon , Morrison R. R. , Hall Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare acute kidney injury (AKI)–related outcomes of patients who received aminophylline in addition to standard of care with matched historical controls who received standard of care alone.

METHODS
This was a single center, retrospective, historical control cohort study that included patients treated for AKI. Patients who received aminophylline from January 2017 to June 2018 were matched for age, sex, primary diagnosis, and hematopoietic cell transplant history in a 1:2 ratio to historical controls treated for AKI from July 2015 to September 2016. The primary outcome was improvement in AKI stage at 5 and 10 days from treatment initiation.

RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients who received aminophylline were matched to 54 historical controls. Fifty-eight patients (72%) had recently undergone hematopoietic cell transplant. At day 5, improvement in AKI stage was observed in 56% of patients in each group (p = 1.0); at day 10, improvement in AKI stage was observed in 75% of patients in the aminophylline group vs 70% of historical controls (p = 0.76). By day 10, serum creatinine levels had returned to baseline in 21% of patients in the aminophylline group and 34% of patients in the control group (p = 0.37).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings of this study demonstrated no difference in the rate of AKI resolution or in the proportion of patients with resolved AKI when aminophylline was added to standard of care for the treatment of AKI in this pediatric hematology/oncology population.
Igualdad y no discriminación en tiempo de pandemia
Authors: Barrère Unzueta Mª Ángeles , Gascón Cuenca Andrés , Palacios Agustina , Ramírez Carvajal Paulina E. 
Published: June 2021

Resumen:El presente texto realiza un análisis de cuál ha sido el impacto que el SARS-Cov-2 ha tenido en diversos grupos sociales, desde el prisma de la confrontación de los determinantes sociales y legales de la salud. En el texto se argumenta la visión crítica que se debe afrontar frente a la utilización de los último por suponer la invisibilización de patrones subordiscriminatorios dentro del contexto social actual.
Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas, Renato. Teoría del derecho. Buenos Aires: Editorial Ábaco de Rodolfo Depalma, 2021 (6ª ed.).
Authors: Aymerich Ojea Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Rabbi-Baldi Cabanillas, Renato. Teoría del derecho. Buenos Aires: Editorial Ábaco de Rodolfo Depalma, 2021 (6ª ed.).
Ramis Barceló, Rafael. El nacimiento de la Filosofía del derecho. De la Philosophia iuris a la Rechtsphilosophie. Madrid: Dykinson 2021.
Authors: Muñoz Almazán Jesús 
Published: June 2021

Reseña a: Ramis Barceló, Rafael. El nacimiento de la Filosofía del derecho. De la Philosophia iuris a la Rechtsphilosophie. Madrid: Dykinson 2021.
Genome-wide association study uncovers new genetic loci and candidate genes underlying seed chilling-germination in maize
Authors: Zhang Yinchao , Liu Peng , Wang Chen , Zhang Na , Zhu Yuxiao , Zou Chaoying , Yuan Guangsheng , Yang Cong , Gao Shibin , Pan Guangtang , Ma Langlang , Shen Yaou 
Published: June 2021

As one of the major crops, maize (Zea mays L.) is mainly distributed in tropical and temperate regions. However, with the changes of the environments, chilling stress has become a significantly abiotic stress affecting seed germination and thus the reproductive and biomass accumulation of maize. Herein, we investigated five seed germination-related phenotypes among 300 inbred lines under low-temperature condition (10 °C). By combining 43,943 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 15 significant (P < 2.03 × 10-6) SNPs were identified to correlate with seed germination under cold stress based on the FarmCPU model in GWAS, among which three loci were repeatedly associated with multiple traits. Ten gene models were closely linked to these three variations, among which Zm00001d010454, Zm00001d010458, Zm00001d010459, and Zm00001d050021 were further verified by candidate gene association study and expression pattern analysis. Importantly, these candidate genes were previously reported to involve plant tolerance to chilling stress and other abiotic stress. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying chilling germination in maize.
Urban form and Urban-Agricultural Eco-Efficiency as an Indicator for Sustainable Urban Development in Huancayo Province, Peru
Authors: Palomares Miguel Beltrán , Acevedo Ronald Révolo , Reymundo Bimael Quispe , Flores Saul Caballón 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The urban form of each district was estimated; the entry indicators and exit indicators of urban eco-efficiency; as well as the environmental costs and economic outcomes of agricultural eco-efficiency in the 28 districts of the Huancayo Province.
Study design: Descriptive-Correlational.
Place and duration of study: The research project lasted 1 year, the data collection of agricultural-urban eco-efficiency was carried out from January to December 2020 by district, as well as the delimitation of productive and non-productive agricultural areas.
Methodology: The World Business Council for Sustainable Development eco-efficiency model developed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used. To estimate the Urban Form, the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite image was used. For the Ecoeficiencia Urban-Agricultural data was collected by interviewing field and respective households using probability sampling, to estimate the polluting gases by province, the Sentinel-5P satellite image was used. Pearson's r coefficient and bilateral Student's t-test were used for the statistical analysis [26; 2.05].
Results: The Urban Form presents compactness ratio 0.27, shape ratio 0.21, elasticity ratio 5.47 and population density 753.09hab/km2. The Urban-Input indicators are urban water consumption 5889116.31ML/year electric energy consumption 2062019.23MW/year, food consumption 2664.56 ton/year. The Urban-Output indicators are emission of polluting gases 40335.11 ton/year, economic revenue 279.35PEN/year and wastewater discharge 90581.38ML/year. The Environmental Costs-Agricultural are water consumption for the agricultural sector 3348.34ML/year, fertilizer consumption 69.14 ton/year and phytosanitary consumption 46 ton/year. The Economic Outputs-Agricultural are agricultural production of 4779.79 kg/year, agricultural land rent 6390.3 PEN/year, gross value of production 4854.35 PEN/year. Agricultural Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ag]=0.89 and Urban Eco-efficiency [Eec-Ur]=0.98, ratio coefficient r=-0.13 and tc=0.64.
Conclusion: The 28 districts of the province of Huancayo have an Eec-Ur [Urban Eco-efficiency] of 0.98 and Eec-Ag [Agricultural Eco-efficiency] of 0.89 where it maintains the added value while generating 98% and 89% of its environmental pressures. There is no statistically significant relationship between urban eco-efficiency and agricultural eco-efficiency.
Development Strategy of Coffee Shop Business in Office Area Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hasibuan Bernard 
Published: June 2021

The coffee shop culinary services industry is now growing rapidly in urban areas such as Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to determine the priority strategy for the development of the coffee shop business. The study was designed using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method which is also supported by IE Matrix and SWOT Analysis method. The data retrieval used is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving customers, management, and staff as respondents. The results of this study, matrix IE shows that the company is in Quadrant II growing and developing which means J.CO Donuts &Coffee needs to focus on carrying out intensive strategies such as market penetration, market development, and product development. The result of QSPM is a strategy to improve the quality of human resources services, to correct the shortcomings of workers' skills. This strategy can be realized in the form of training or refreshment to take employees to more advanced coffee shops.
Oil Pollution Analysis of Gjanica River from Petroleum Rafinery and Production Industry in Albania
Authors: Zeqo Esmeralda 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Oil industry has its effect in environmental. For this reason we evaluated oil pollution from oil extraction processes, and petroleum refinery in Gjanica River.
Study Design: Analysis of hydrocarbon content for river bed pollution from oil industry are evaluated. This is made by comparing gas chromatogram with the model.
Place and Duration of the Study: University of Vlora and ex Oil and gas Institute Fier between August 2016 and March, 2017.
Methodology: Sediment samples were collected in the Gjanica River. Extracts were prepared and taken using Soxhlet apparatus in ex Oil and Gas Institute in Fier. And hydrocarbons contents were evaluated using Hewlett Packard 5890 series II gas chromatography.
Results: Based on the results of oxygen indicators in the Gjanica River COD = 559mg/l and BOD5 = 102.5 mg/l, we conclude that there are no living beings in this area. And based on six sediment samples analysed we see old and new hydrocarbon compounds in bed River.
Conclusion: High levels of oil products discharges have damaged the living life of the river water for, more than fifty year. This quantity has contaminated sediments of the bed and/or river banks that need to be removed.