bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of leaf extracts ofPsidium guajava(L.) on enteric bacterial isolates from faecally impacted groundwater
Authors: Sule A. O. , Olalemi A. O. , Ogundare A. O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of leaf extracts of guava Psidium guajava (L.) were assessed on enteric bacteria isolated from two wells (W1 and W2) prone to faecal contamination in Akure, Nigeria. The load of enteric bacteria in the water samples was determined using a standard microbiological method. Leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) were prepared using ethanol and hot distilled water and the antibacterial effects of the extracts on bacterial isolates were determined using the agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical components of the leaf extracts were carried out using standard methods. Results revealed the following mean concentrations of enteric bacteria in W1 and W2: Salmonella (3.8 and 3.9 log10 CFU/100 ml) and Shigella (3.6 and 3.7 log10 CFU/100 ml). The ethanol leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) exhibited a zone of inhibition of 22 mm at 200 mg/ml on Shigella and no zone of inhibition was observed on Salmonella. The phytochemical components of ethanol and hot distilled water leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) revealed the presence of saponin as (13.64 mg/g) and (59.82 mg/g). The findings of this study revealed that ethanol leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) may be useful as an antibacterial agent against Shigella.
Chlorophyll-a concentration inversion based on the modified Quasi-Analytical Algorithm and Sentinel-3 OLCI in Daihai Lake, China
Authors: Lu Zhao , Duan Huajie , Wang Daqing , Cao Jianwu , Du Guoli , Deng Zhengdong , Wang Guangyuan , Xu Haoli , Zhao Xiaoning , Shi Yue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA) is effective in retrieving water inherent optical properties (IOPs) from remote sensing spectral reflectance and has wider applications in studies of the open ocean and coastal waters than of inland waters. This research aimed to modify the QAA model based on measured field spectral reflectance and absorption coefficients to render it applicable to studies of Daihai Lake, China. The improvements mainly included the reference wavelength selection, the power index of the particle backscattering coefficient and the exponential slope of the absorption coefficient of the colored detrital matter estimation. The average relative error between the inverse and measured absorption coefficients was less than 20%. A linear model was established between the phytoplankton absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 674 nm (aph(674)) and the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, with a determination coefficient of 0.88. Additionally, the modified Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (MQAA) model was applied to the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) data aboard the Sentinel-3 satellite. Finally, a spatial distribution map for the Chl-a concentrations in Daihai Lake on August 10, 2017, was drawn and the mid-eutrophication area was found to occur in the north and border.
Structural Analysis Revealed the Interaction of Cardenolides from
Calotropis procera with Na+/K+ ATPases from Herbivores
Authors: Ramos Márcio V. , Freitas Larissa B.N. , Bezerra Emanuel A. , Morais Francimauro Sousa , Lima João P.M.S. , Souza Pedro F.N. , Carvalho Cristina P.S. , Freitas Cleverson D.T. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The herbivores Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera), Oncopeltus fasciatus,
and Aphis nerii (Hemiptera) are special insects that feed on Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) (Sodom
Apple). At least 35 chemically distinct cardenolides have been reported in C. procera.

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the interaction between cardenolides and Na+/K+ ATPases from
herbivores.

Methods:
The Na+/K+ ATPases from these insects were modeled, and docking studies were performed
involving cardenolides from C. procera.

Results:
The replacement of serine in sensitive Na+/K+ ATPase by histidine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine
in the structures examined suggested spatial impairment caused by interaction, probably
making the herbivorous insects resistant against the cardenolides of C. procera. In addition, the
ability of the insects to avoid cardenolide toxicity was not correlated with cardenolide polarity.
Therefore, the plant fights predation through molecular diversity, and the insects, regardless of
their taxonomy, face this molecular diversity through amino acid replacements at key positions of
the enzyme targeted by the cardenolides.

Conclusions:
The results show the arsenal of chemically distinct cardenolides synthesized by the C.
procera.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Sahu Adarsh , Mishra Jyotika , Kushwaha Namrata 
Published: December 2021

:
The advancement of computing and technology has invaded all the dimensions of science.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one core branch of Computer Science, which has percolated to
all the arenas of science and technology, from core engineering to medicines. Thus, AI has found
its way for application in the field of medicinal chemistry and heath care. The conventional methods
of drug design have been replaced by computer-aided designs of drugs in recent times. AI is
being used extensively to improve the design techniques and required time of the drugs. Additionally,
the target proteins can be conveniently identified using AI, which enhances the success rate of
the designed drug. The AI technology is used in each step of the drug designing procedure, which
decreases the health hazards related to preclinical trials and also reduces the cost substantially. The
AI is an effective tool for data mining based on the huge pharmacological data and machine learning
process. Hence, AI has been used in de novo drug design, activity scoring, virtual screening
and in silico evaluation in the properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity)
of a drug molecule. Various pharmaceutical companies have teamed up with AI companies
for faster progress in the field of drug development, along with the healthcare system. The review
covers various aspects of AI (Machine learning, Deep learning, Artificial neural networks) in drug
design. It also provides a brief overview of the recent progress by the pharmaceutical companies in
drug discovery by associating with different AI companies.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis And Characterization Of Mesalamine Silica
Nanoparticles
Authors: Maddiboyina Balaji , Nakkala Ramya Krishna , Desu Prasanna Kumar , Jhawat Vikas 
Published: December 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Drug Therapy due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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REDCap Delivery of a Web-Based Intervention for Patients With Voice Disorders: Usability Study
Authors: Stambler Danielle Mollie , Feddema Erin , Riggins Olivia , Campeau Kari , Breuch Lee-Ann Kastman , Kessler Molly M , Misono Stephanie 
Published: December 2021

Background
Web-based health interventions are increasingly common and are promising for patients with voice disorders because web-based participation does not require voice use. To address needs such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, unique user access, the ability to send automated reminders, and a limited development budget, we used the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) data management platform to deliver a patient-facing psychological intervention designed for patients with voice disorders. This was a novel use of REDCap.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the usability of the intervention, with this intervention serving as a use case for REDCap-based patient-facing interventions.

Methods
We used REDCap survey instruments to develop the web-based voice intervention modules, then conducted usability evaluations using (1) heuristic evaluations by 2 evaluators, and (2) formal usability testing with 7 participants, consisting of predetermined tasks, a think-aloud protocol, ease-of-use measurements, a product reaction card, and a debriefing interview.

Results
Heuristic evaluations found strengths in visibility of system status and real-world match, and weaknesses in user control and help documentation. Based on this feedback, changes to the intervention were made before usability testing. Overall, usability testing participants found the intervention useful and easy to use, although testing revealed some concerns with design, content, and terminology. Some concerns were readily addressed, and others required adaptations within REDCap.

Conclusions
The REDCap version of a complex web-based patient-facing intervention performed well in heuristic evaluation and formal usability testing. REDCap can effectively be used for patient-facing intervention delivery, particularly if the limitations of the platform are anticipated and mitigated.
Proposal for Post Hoc Quality Control in Instrumented Motion Analysis Using Markerless Motion Capture: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Röhling Hanna Marie , Althoff Patrik , Arsenova Radina , Drebinger Daniel , Gigengack Norman , Chorschew Anna , Kroneberg Daniel , Rönnefarth Maria , Ellermeyer Tobias , Rosenkranz Sina Cathérine , Heesen Christoph , Behnia Behnoush , Hirano Shigeki , Kuwabara Satoshi , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander Ulrich , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja 
Published: December 2021

Background
Instrumented assessment of motor symptoms has emerged as a promising extension to the clinical assessment of several movement disorders. The use of mobile and inexpensive technologies such as some markerless motion capture technologies is especially promising for large-scale application but has not transitioned into clinical routine to date. A crucial step on this path is to implement standardized, clinically applicable tools that identify and control for quality concerns.

Objective
The main goal of this study comprises the development of a systematic quality control (QC) procedure for data collected with markerless motion capture technology and its experimental implementation to identify specific quality concerns and thereby rate the usability of recordings.

Methods
We developed a post hoc QC pipeline that was evaluated using a large set of short motor task recordings of healthy controls (2010 recordings from 162 subjects) and people with multiple sclerosis (2682 recordings from 187 subjects). For each of these recordings, 2 raters independently applied the pipeline. They provided overall usability decisions and identified technical and performance-related quality concerns, which yielded respective proportions of their occurrence as a main result.

Results
The approach developed here has proven user-friendly and applicable on a large scale. Raters’ decisions on recording usability were concordant in 71.5%-92.3% of cases, depending on the motor task. Furthermore, 39.6%-85.1% of recordings were concordantly rated as being of satisfactory quality whereas in 5.0%-26.3%, both raters agreed to discard the recording.

Conclusions
We present a QC pipeline that seems feasible and useful for instant quality screening in the clinical setting. Results confirm the need of QC despite using standard test setups, testing protocols, and operator training for the employed system and by extension, for other task-based motor assessment technologies. Results of the QC process can be used to clean existing data sets, optimize quality assurance measures, as well as foster the development of automated QC approaches and therefore improve the overall reliability of kinematic data sets.
Remote Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Eastman Jennifer A , Kaup Allison R , Bahorik Amber L , Butcher Xochitl , Attarha Mouna , Marcus Gregory M , Pletcher Mark J , Olgin Jeffrey E , Barnes Deborah E , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: December 2021

Background
Adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) are also at increased risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. However, it is often difficult to study the relationships between CVRFs and cognitive function because cognitive assessment typically requires time-consuming in-person neuropsychological evaluations that may not be feasible for real-world situations.

Objective
We conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine if the association between CVRFs and cognitive function could be detected using web-based, self-administered cognitive tasks and CVRF assessment.

Methods
We recruited 239 participants aged ≥50 years (mean age 62.7 years, SD 8.8; 42.7% [n=102] female, 88.7% [n=212] White) who were enrolled in the Health eHeart Study, a web-based platform focused on cardiac disease. The participants self-reported CVRFs (hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation) using web-based health surveys between August 2016 and July 2018. After an average of 3 years of follow-up, we remotely evaluated episodic memory, working memory, and executive function via the web-based Posit Science platform, BrainHQ. Raw data were normalized and averaged into 3 domain scores. We used linear regression models to examine the association between CVRFs and cognitive function.

Results
CVRF prevalence was 62.8% (n=150) for high cholesterol, 45.2% (n=108) for hypertension, 10.9% (n=26) for atrial fibrillation, and 7.5% (n=18) for diabetes. In multivariable models, atrial fibrillation was associated with worse working memory (β=-.51, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.11) and worse episodic memory (β=-.31, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.04); hypertension was associated with worse episodic memory (β=-.27, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.11). Diabetes and high cholesterol were not associated with cognitive performance.

Conclusions
Self-administered web-based tools can be used to detect both CVRFs and cognitive health. We observed that atrial fibrillation and hypertension were associated with worse cognitive function even in those in their 60s and 70s. The potential of mobile assessments to detect risk factors for cognitive aging merits further investigation.
The Effect of Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Psychoeducation Only on Psychological Distress in Patients With Noncardiac Chest Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mourad Ghassan , Eriksson-Liebon Magda , Karlström Patric , Johansson Peter 
Published: December 2021

Background
Patients with recurrent episodes of noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) experience cardiac anxiety as they misinterpret the pain to be cardiac related and avoid physical activity that they think could threaten their lives. Psychological interventions, such as internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), targeting anxiety can be a feasible solution by supporting patients to learn how to perceive and handle their chest pain.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a nurse-led iCBT program on cardiac anxiety and other patient-reported outcomes in patients with NCCP.

Methods
Patients with at least two health care consultations because of NCCP during the past 6 months, and who were experiencing cardiac anxiety (Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire score ≥24), were randomized into 5 weeks of iCBT (n=54) or psychoeducation (n=55). Patients were aged 54 (SD 17) years versus 57 (SD 16) years and were mainly women (32/54, 59% vs 35/55, 64%). The iCBT program comprised psychoeducation, mindfulness, and exposure to physical activity, with weekly homework assignments. The primary outcome was cardiac anxiety. The secondary outcomes were fear of bodily sensations, depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and chest pain frequency. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied, and the patients were followed up for 3 months. Mixed model analysis was used to determine between-group differences in primary and secondary outcomes.

Results
No significant differences were found between the iCBT and psychoeducation groups regarding cardiac anxiety or any of the secondary outcomes in terms of the interaction effect of time and group over the 3-month follow-up. iCBT demonstrated a small effect size on cardiac anxiety (Cohen d=0.31). In the iCBT group, 36% (16/44) of patients reported a positive reliable change score (≥11 points on the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire), and thus an improvement in cardiac anxiety, compared with 27% of (13/48) patients in the psychoeducation group. Within-group analysis showed further significant improvement in cardiac anxiety (P=.04) at the 3-month follow-up compared with the 5-week follow-up in the iCBT group but not in the psychoeducation group.

Conclusions
iCBT was not superior to psychoeducation in decreasing cardiac anxiety in patients with NCCP. However, iCBT tends to have better long-term effects on psychological distress, including cardiac anxiety, health-related quality of life, and NCCP frequency than psychoeducation. The effects need to be followed up to draw more reliable conclusions.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03336112; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03336112
Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Acacia Nilotica Gum
Authors: Kazi Layla Khaled  , Rukshana Irani  
Published: December 2021

The rapidly growing civilization and economy need the judicious usage of floral and faunal heritage. Acacia nilotica (Family: Fabaceae) is a beneficial plant species and each part of it exhibits numerous biological and pharmacological effects. The gum exudates of Acacia nilotica trees are underutilized plant products that can be explored for their potential as a therapeutic and curative agent. Its nutritional composition, interaction with anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants can determine its utility as a food. The present investigation was aimed to estimate the anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant activity of Acacia nilotica gum. It also focused on establishing a relationship of the obtained data with the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties claimed in the literature. The analysis was carried out using standard methods and protocols involving spectrophotometric and gravimetric principlesR. The anti- nutritional components like tannin, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oxalate, total saponin, steroidal saponins, alkaloid content of Acacia nilotica gum was found to be 0.2369±0.0354 g tannic acid equivalent/100 g, 0.0108±0.0037 TIU/mg, 156.3333±9.4516 mg/100 g, 132.5±28.3152mg/100 g, 12.7183±6.7788 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.0705±0.01 mg diosgenin equivalent /g, 0.1333±0.0577 g/100 g respectively. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids was determined to be 8.0033±2.7211 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g sample, 0.0458±0.0186 mg quercetin equivalent /g sample respectively with a significant DPPH Scavenging activity. The results indicate that the quantity of anti-nutritional factors in gum is within the range of the contents of anti-nutritional factors found in commonly consumed foods. The substantial presence of phenol, flavonoids and DPPH activity in the gum indicates the presence of high antioxidant properties. The presence of anti-nutritional factors and antioxidants in favourable levels can impart diverse physiological responses. The present study concluded that Acacia nilotica gum can be used as a nutritious food commodity with a plethora of recuperative activities.
Creative Social Potential of Digital Society
Authors: Gavra D. P. , Bayer J. P. 
Published: December 2021

In the article, the authors consider the phenomenon of creativity, creativity as a demanded competence in contemporary society. Artists, poets, composers, musicians, carriers of the so-called fine art creativity, have always been in demand. In the “fast” digital world, creativity takes on new characteristics, turns into a mass-market productive force. The public demand for creativity and the supply for this characteristic are undergoing noticeable changes now.Creativity has now become a demanded competence that can bring high income to its owners. The authors analyze the influence of common social institutions of socialization on the development of creativity. The article provides a definition of individual and social creativity, structuring the sociological approaches available in world science to the study of creativity and its nature. The authors introduce a new term — paracreativity and reveal its features.The authors come to the conclusion that society, by creating and maintaining social norms, aimed at developing inner freedom and creativity, contributes to the formation of happier social groups and thus individuals, where each individual has created conditions for the disclosure and realization of his creative potential for the benefit of himself and a large or small society, depending on the scale of the activity. Meanwhile, in the digital world, the creator himself regulates the scale of his activities, using/neglecting social networks.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR LISTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIKA KELAS X INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK
Authors: Siregar Givson H. , Tambunan Hamonangan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract This research was conducted to find out whether there is an influence of the Discovery Learning learning model on student learning outcomes in the basic subjects of electricity and electronics for class X electrical power installations (TITL) in Vocational Schools for the 2019/2020 school year. This type of research is factorial. The population in this study were students of class X TITL SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan and class X TITL students of SMKN 5 Medan. The sample of this study consisted of 2 classes, namely the experimental class which was taught using the Discovery Learning model and the control class which was taught using the Expository learning model. The data collection technique is done by using a test technique using multiple choice questions that have been tested for validity, reliability, level of difficulty and differentiating power of questions. The results showed that the results of hypothesis testing with the t-Ha test were accepted, there was an influence on the basic learning outcomes of electricity and electronics using the Discovery Learning learning model. Keywords: Discovery Learning Learning Model, Expository, Learning Outcomes. AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswapada mata pelajaran dasar listrik dan elektronika kelas x instalasi tenaga listrik (TITL) di SMK tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Faktorial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TITL SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan dan siswa kelas X TITL SMKN 5 Medan. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 2 kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan kelas kontrol yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajran Ekspositori. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik tes menggunakan soal pilihan ganda yang telah teruji validitas, realibilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji hipotesis dengan uji t Ha diterima, terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar dasar listrik dan elektronika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning, Ekspositori, Hasil Belajar