bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Identity Dynamics in Adolescence Shaping Identity in Emerging Adulthood: An 11-Year Longitudinal Study on Continuity in Development
Authors: Becht Andrik I. , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Branje Susan J. T. , Vollebergh Wilma A. M. , Meeus Wim H. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to identity theory, short-term day-to-day identity exploration and commitment processes are the building blocks for long-term development of stable commitments in emerging adulthood. This key assumption was tested in a longitudinal study including 494 individuals (43% girls, Mage T1 = 13.31 years, range 11.01–14.86 years) who were followed from adolescence into emerging adulthood, covering ages 13 to 24 years. In the first five years, adolescents reported on their daily identity processes (i.e., commitment, reconsideration and in-depth exploration) across 75 assessment days. Subsequently, they reported on their identity across four (bi-) annual waves in emerging adulthood. Findings confirmed the existence of a dual-cycle process model of identity formation and identity maintenance that operated at the within-person level across days during adolescence. Moreover, individual differences in these short-term identity processes in adolescence predicted individual differences in identity development in emerging adulthood. Specifically, those adolescents with low daily commitment levels, and high levels of identity reconsideration were more likely to maintain weak identity commitments and high identity uncertainty in emerging adulthood. Also, those adolescents characterized by stronger daily changes in identity commitments and continuing day-to-day identity uncertainty maintained the highest identity uncertainty in emerging adulthood. These results support the view of continuity in identity development from short-term daily identity dynamics in adolescence to long-term identity development in emerging adulthood.
The main drivers of methane emissions differ in the growing and flooded fallow seasons in Mediterranean rice fields
Authors: Martínez-Eixarch Maite , Alcaraz Carles , Viñas Marc , Noguerol Joan , Aranda Xavier , Prenafeta-Boldú Frances-Xavier , Català-Forner Mar , Fennessy M. Siobhan , Ibáñez Carles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess 1) the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions –GHG- and global warming potential (methane – CH4- and nitrous oxide) from rice fields in the growing and fallow seasons, and 2) the environmental and agronomic drivers of CH4 emissions, and their relative capacity to explain CH4 variation.

Methods
A two-year multisite field experiment covering the agronomic and environmental variability of a rice growing area in NE Iberian Peninsula was conducted with monthly samplings of GHG and monitoring of both environmental and agronomic factors. Information-theoretic framework analysis was used to assess the relative contribution of the environmental and agronomic variables on methane emissions.

Results
Two thirds of the CH4 is emitted in the fallow season. Edaphic factors exert more influence during the growing season whereas agronomic factors have a higher impact in the fallow. The implications of these findings on the design of improved mitigation options rice are discussed.

Conclusions
Soils with higher soil sulphate concentration, bulk density and clay content emit less CH4 in growing season. In the fallow season, the rates of both straw input and nitrogen fertilization stimulate CH4 emissions.

Graphical abstract
Metabolomics analysis reveals altered metabolites in lean compared with obese adolescents and additional metabolic shifts associated with hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Müllner Elisabeth , Röhnisch Hanna E. , von Brömssen Claudia , Moazzami Ali A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with obesity and are forerunners of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about metabolic alterations separately associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in adolescents.

Objectives
To identify metabolic alterations associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia/IR and hyperinsulinaemia/IR combined with IGT in obese adolescents.

Methods
81 adolescents were stratified into four groups based on body mass index (lean vs. obese), insulin responses (normal insulin (NI) vs. high insulin (HI)) and glucose responses (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs. IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The groups comprised: (1) healthy lean with NI and NGT, (2) obese with NI and NGT, (3) obese with HI and NGT, and (4) obese with HI and IGT. Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting and seven post-OGTT plasma samples, followed by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results
Two groups of metabolites were identified: (1) Metabolites associated with insulin response level: adolescents with HI (groups 3–4) had higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine, and lower concentrations of serine, glycine, myo-inositol and dimethylsulfone, than adolescents with NI (groups 1–2). (2) Metabolites associated with obesity status: obese adolescents (groups 2–4) had higher concentrations of acetylcarnitine, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate, and lower concentrations of acetate, than lean adolescents (group 1).

Conclusions
Obesity is associated with shifts in fat and energy metabolism. Hyperinsulinaemia/IR in obese adolescents is also associated with increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acids.
Optimal decision rules in multilateral aid funds
Authors: Dreher Axel , Simon Jenny , Valasek Justin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile existing research has suggested that delegating foreign aid allocation decisions to a multilateral aid fund may incentivize recipient countries to invest in bureaucratic quality, our analysis links the fund’s decision rules to recipient-country investment by explicitly modeling the decision-making within multilateral aid funds. We find that majority rule induces stronger competition between recipients, resulting in higher investments in bureaucratic quality. Despite this advantage, unanimity can still be optimal since the increased investment under majority comes at the cost of low aid allocation to countries in the minority. The qualitative predictions of our model rationalize our novel empirical finding that, relative to organizations that use a consensus rule, organizations that use majority are more responsive to changes in recipient-country quality.
Asymptotics for volatility derivatives in multi-factor rough volatility models
Authors: Lacombe Chloe , Muguruza Aitor , Stone Henry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the small-time implied volatility smile for Realised Variance options, and investigate the effect of correlation in multi-factor models on the linearity of the smile. We also develop an approximation scheme for the Realised Variance density, allowing fast and accurate pricing of Volatility Swaps. Additionally, we establish small-noise asymptotic behaviour of a general class of VIX options in the large strike regime.
There are no three physiological narrowings in the upper urinary tract: a new concept of the retroperitoneal anatomy around the ureter
Authors: Kamo Minobu , Nozaki Taiki , Horiuchi Saya , Muraishi Natsuka , Yamamura Jin , Akita Keiichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe widely held dogma of three physiological narrowings in the upper urinary tract has proven incorrect by recent several studies using computed tomography images. There are only two common obstruction sites: the upper ureter and the ureterovesical junction. The second narrowing, where the ureter crosses the iliac vessels, cannot be regarded anymore as a common obstruction site. The mechanism by which stones lodge in the upper ureter is explained anatomically by the change in ureteral mobility and compliance at the level where the ureter exits the perirenal space. This level can be identified radiologically as the point where the ureter crosses under the ipsilateral gonadal veins, termed the “crossing point”. Kinking of the upper ureter is another manifestation of this anatomical phenomenon, visible in radiological images. It is caused by loosening of the ureter at or above the crossing point (within the perirenal space), corresponding with renal descent such as during the inspiratory phase. This new anatomical discovery in the retroperitoneum will not only bring about a paradigm shift in terms of the physiological narrowings in the upper urinary tract, but may also lead to the development of new surgical concepts and approaches in the area.
Latent Membrane Protein 1 Promotes Tumorigenesis Through Upregulation of PGC1β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Feng Jia , Chen Qi , Zhang Ping , Huang Xiaodong , Xie Weiguo , Zhang Hongyu , Yao Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-mediated tumorigenesis and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the EBV DNA genome. We found that LMP1 upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1β (PGC1β) through activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, the activated PGC1β upregulated the expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) through the coactivation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and GA-binding protein α (GABPα), preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated base incision in the EBV genome and favoring its survival. Interruption of hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) by either shRNA or Tf-D-HKC8 peptide suppressed the interaction of HKDC1 with voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive generation of ROS, thus resulting in EBV suppression through ROS-mediated DNA damage. Suppression of the EBV genome inhibited the expression of the LMP1/PGC1β/HKDC1/OGG1 signaling pathway, forming a positive feed forward loop for the generation of ROS, hence inhibiting the EBV genome and subsequent EBV-associated tumor development. We concluded that LMP1 triggers EBV-associated tumorigenesis through activation of the PGC1β pathway. This study provided a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EBV-associated tumors by targeting HKDC1.
Graphical Abstract
Temporal Dynamics of ICP, CPP, PRx, and CPPopt in High-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and the Relation to Clinical Outcome
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Howells Timothy , Lewén Anders , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Enblad Per 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
High intracranial pressure (ICP) and low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) may induce secondary brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In the current study, we aimed to determine the temporal incidence of insults above/below certain ICP/CPP thresholds, the role of pressure autoregulation in CPP management (PRx and CPPopt), and the relation to clinical outcome.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 242 patients were included with aSAH, who were treated in the neurointensive care unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 2008–2018, with ICP monitoring the first 10 days post-ictus. Data from ICP, pressure autoregulation (PRx), CPP, and CPPopt (the CPP with the lowest/optimal PRx) were analyzed the first 10 days. The percentage of good monitoring time (GMT) above/below various ICP and CPP thresholds was calculated, e.g., ICP > 20 mm Hg (%), CPP < 60 mm Hg (%), and ∆CPPopt (CPP–CPPopt) < − 10 mm Hg (%).

Results
Of the 242 patients, 63 (26%) had favorable (GOS-E 5–8) and 179 (74%) had unfavorable (GOS-E 1–4) outcome at 12 months. Higher proportion (GMT) of ICP insults above 20 mm Hg was most common the first 3 days post-ictus and was then independently associated with unfavorable outcome. CPP gradually increased throughout the 10 days post-ictus, and higher proportion of GMT with CPP < 90 mm Hg was independently associated with unfavorable outcome in the late vasospasm phase (days 6.5–10). PRx was above 0 throughout the 10 days and deteriorated in the late vasospasm phase. Higher values were then independently associated with unfavorable outcome. There was no difference in GMT of CPP deviations from CPPopt between the outcome groups.

Conclusions
Avoiding intracranial hypertension early and maintaining a high CPP in the vasospasm phase when the pressure autoregulation is most disturbed may improve clinical outcome after aSAH.
Real-Time Assessment of Causal Attribution Shift and Stay Between Two Successive Tests of Movement Aids
Authors: Ohashi Takumi , Watanabe Makiko , Takenaka Yuma , Saijo Miki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of welfare assistive devices for frail elderly people has attracted significant attention for its effort to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden on caregivers. However, it is challenging to conduct multiple user tests because of the significant burden on the elderly; thus, we need efficient ways to extract insight through different approaches. In this study, we aim to elucidate real-time transitions in users’ emotions and achievement motivation while using such a device. We synthesize an utterance analysis method based on attribution theory, in which all users’ utterances are attributed to four categories (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck) that follow the developed coding rules. Knowing the transitions in causal attribution allows us to extract salient experiences for users, especially by extracting shifts from them and analyzing why the shift occurred and what exactly was happening before and after the shift. If only salient user experiences can be referenced from the aggregate data, useful information can be extracted in a short time to improve system characteristics and the environment. We discussed the validity and reliability of the proposed method by conducting a user test of an electric-assisted four-wheeled cycle for frail elderly people in Kakegawa city in Shizuoka, Japan. We also succeeded in marking the points that need attention, which is about 33% of the total amount of utterance data (1626 utterances), and thus confirmed the potential of the proposed method. Future research should examine how the developed methodology can help designers improve assistive device development, as well as how it can contribute to other fields such as education and social assistance.
Impact of Trauma-Informed Training and Mindfulness-Based Social–Emotional Learning Program on Teacher Attitudes and Burnout: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Kim Sue , Crooks Claire V. , Bax Karen , Shokoohi Mostafa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA trauma-informed approach can give teachers the strategies they need to help children affected by trauma reach their full potential in the classroom. Mindfulness-based social–emotional learning (SEL) programs equip teachers with essential tools to create a trauma-informed classroom, which in turn helps alleviate stress associated with supporting trauma-impacted children. Because existing research on SEL programs has predominantly focused on student well-being, there is a paucity of research examining teacher outcomes and the integration of a trauma-informed framework. The purpose of the study was to investigate the benefits of trauma-informed training and MindUP delivery on educator attitudes and burnout. Intervention educators received trauma-informed and MindUP training and implemented MindUP in their classrooms. Comparison educators did not participate in training and taught their usual curriculum. We compared trauma-informed attitudes and burnout levels among 112 educators (n = 71 intervention, n = 41 comparison) using the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC) scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Pre- and post-intervention quantitative data were augmented by qualitative focus group data. Results showed that educators in the intervention group reported significant decreases in emotional exhaustion, and significant improvements in the reactions subscale and overall scores on the ARTIC scale. Greatest improvements in self-efficacy and personal accomplishment were observed among educators who implemented MindUP for two consecutive years. These findings were supported by focus group data. Our results show that infusing trauma-informed training with an existing mindfulness-based SEL intervention may encourage teachers to embrace trauma-sensitive attitudes and reduce burnout.
Late Devonian (Famennian) to Carboniferous (Mississippian-Pennsylvanian) conodonts from the Anarak section, Central Iran
Authors: Sattari Elahe , Bahrami Ali , Königshof Peter , Vaziri-Moghaddam Hossein 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA relatively complete conodont record from Famennian to the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary was investigated in the Anarak section, Central Iran. The studied interval belongs to the Bahram, Shishtu, Ghaleh and Absheni formations. The Famennian part of the section (Bahram Formation) ranges from the Palmatolepis triangularis Zone into the Bispathodus ultimus Zone. Not all conodont zones could be defined due to the lack of indicative species. Furthermore, it seems likely that a hiatus occurs around the Devonian/Carboniferous (D/C) boundary (most probably from the Siphonodella praesulcata to the ?Siphonodella sulcata–early Siphonodella crenulata conodont zones) based on the lack of stratigraphically important conodonts as well as on sedimentological criteria. The lack of representative siphonodellids and protognathodids at the base of the Mississippian prevents detailed stratigraphic position of the D/C boundary. Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) rocks are characterized by red nodular limestone which is unique in comparison with other studied sections of the same age in Central Iran. Within the studied section, we could define the Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary. The mid-Carboniferous boundary was defined by the occurrence of Declinognathus noduliferus s.l. Conodont biofacies changes (Mississippian genera Gnathodus and Lochriea have been replaced by Pennsylvanian genera Declinognathus and Idiognathodus) are recognized in this section as well.
Characteristics of the Seismic Clusters Bounding the Ramu-Markham Fault Zone, Eastern Papua New Guinea
Authors: Noho George , Mukhopadhyay Manoj , Mukhopadhyay Basab , Sengupta Diptansu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The regionally extensive Ramu-Markham-Fault-Zone (RMFZ) in Papua-New-Guinea (PNG) passes through the seismically-active hinterland of the Bismarck subduction zone in SW-Pacific. The seismicity map for 400km segment of RMFZ shows that higher magnitude earthquakes mainly originate in four spatial clusters (I-IV), asymmetrically disposed from in-land to offshore on either side of RMFZ. The cluster III have produced the 2019 Bulolo- earthquake (Mw 7.1). The spatial and temporal characters for all four seismic clusters was estimated by: (i) b-value based on maximum-likelihood method; (ii) expected maximum magnitude (Mw) by Gumbel extreme value statistics and surface rupture length; and (iii) the Hurst coefficient (K) and Hurst plot. Hurst plots on sequential seismic moments in the clusters illustrate an alternating positive and negative sloping moment-release pattern over progressive time-period that corresponds to low and high b-values respectively. The regional stress pattern on north and south of RMFZ and for four seismic clusters are analysed by inversion of CMT focal-mechanism data. The result unravels a significant change in regional stress pattern across the RMFZ: (i) a pure-compressive stress regime corresponding to clusters I and II in the ‘PNG Highlands’ that gradually changes to transpressive in the off-shore cluster IV along north of RMFZ, and (ii) the regional stress pattern for earthquakes south of RMFZ including cluster III shows absence of any particular stress orientation and causative faults are randomly oriented. This leads to the presentation that RMFZ is a deep penetrative fault, rather than a crustal ramp fault restricted to 11-18km depth as advocated in literature.
High Ti-bearing Gabbros from Chalk Hills of Salem, Southern India: A Co-genetic Origin during Neoproterozoic Alaskan-type Evolution
Authors: Yellappa T. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The Chalk hills of Salem complex also called Salem mafic and ultramafic complex (SMUC), occurs in northern part of Cauvery suture zone (CSZ), southern granulite terrane (SGT), India with the lithological sequence of ultramafic cumulates, mafic intrusions of gabbros and amphibolites with quartzo-feldspathic veins and ultrapotassic dykes. Recently the complex has been described as Neoproterozoic Alaskan-type. The Ti-rich gabbros are in association with serpentinized dunites and pyroxenites in the form of several intrusions at various locations of the complex. The petrography of these gabbros shows sub-alkaline to alkaline in nature with mineralogy of two pyroxenes and plagioclases of calcic-sodic assemblages along with magnetite-titanomagnetite-ilmenite (Ti-spinels). The whole rock geochemistry indicates that they are tholeiitic in nature with enrichment of LILE (Rb, Ba, Th, Sr) and depletion of HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti) with reference to N-MORB. The mineral chemistry of clinopyroxenes from these gabbros show slightly higher Mg# (0.68-0.80), TiO2 (0.40-0.73 wt%) with lower Al2O3 (4.4-5.5 wt%), Na2O (0.53-0.94 wt%) and Cr2O3 (0.1-0.17 wt%) contents. The orthopyroxenes also show low Al2O3 (1.4-2.3 wt%), Cr2O3 (up to 0.13 wt%), and relatively higher MgO (17.11-21.79 wt%). The Ti-bearing oxides (ilmenites) of these gabbros are characterized by higher contents of TiO2 (38-51 wt%) and FeO (46-56 wt%), similar to that of Ti-Fe rich Alaskan-type of mafic rocks. On various tectonic discrimination diagrams of whole rock and clinipyroxene mineral chemistry of these gabbros reveal that they are derived from subduction related components of arc magmas of titanium rich, evolved through the process of high degree of crystal fractionation. From the two-pyroxene thermometry, the temperature of formation of these gabbros are determined as 893-1014°C and the clinopyroxene barometry results variable pressures of 8-13 kbars. The tectonic setting with the available age relationships from the complex suggest these intrusions are syntectonic and co-genetic of late emplacements along with the ultramafics during Neoproterozoic subduction events. Such occurrences of high Ti-bearing gabbros are common in many Alaskan-type of complexes like Neoproterozoic Arabian Nubian Shield and other parts of the world.
A New Model to Evaluate Groundwater Vulnerability that Uses a Hybrid AHP-GIS Approach
Authors: Ma Shimin , Xu Xinyang , Chui Jian , Ni Jin , Ma Hongwei , Tian Hui 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Parameters like aquifer depth, aquifer replenishment rate, aquifer medium, soil medium, percolation medium, and the coefficient of permeability are considered during the preparation of a groundwater vulnerability diagram. The analytic hierarchy process is used for evaluation, and expert scoring is used to analyze and establish the judgment matrix, and then new weights have been computed for each DRASTIC parameter, such that some subjectivity can be reduced to some extent and the weight value tends to be reasonable. Various spatially referenced digital data layers are overlaid to analyse with the partition diagram in GIS spatial analysis and a comprehensive simple and straight diagram is drawn. The study area is a plain of Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia China, and covers an area of approximately 10,700km2. The areas of lower vulnerability are mainly located in the south. Slightly higher vulnerability areas are mainly located in the north, and the others have medium vulnerability.