bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic System for Cell Sorting
Authors: Xue Xinyue , Ye Hongjun , Hu Zuocheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The need for efficient cell sorting, which is a useful technique in medical and biological research, has boosted the development of microfluidic cell sorter. This review paper concludes the basic principle of microfluidic sorter which covers active and passive sorting techniques. The work process, sorting efficiency, advantages, disadvantages, and avenue for improvement are explored for each type by introducing several typical sorters. The industrial implementation and potential development are also conveyed. In conclusion, developing efficient microfluidic cell sorter offers a greater control over cell distribution and is fundamental in realizing efficacious cell sorting systems.
Detecting Bypassing Micro Black Holes
Authors: Ding Haifeng , Hao Zichun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Contemporarily, convincing evidence is lacking for the existence of micro black holes due to their small masses. In this paper, a specific situation is discussed in which a Schwarzschild micro black hole, with a mass of up to 1013 kg and hence the lifetime longer than the universe’s age flies towards the Earth with the typical speed of an asteroid,

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(10 km/s). The analysis of the two-body problem shows that Earth’s surface will be tidally affected only if the initial configuration space, namely space of the impact parameter and initial velocity, satisfies a very strict relationship. Even if the micro black hole directly goes through the Earth core, its small mass restricts its accretion rate so much that its accreted mass is negligible. We also consider the possibility of detecting the black hole optically by its optical distortion. Analysis of the size of its Einstein ring indicates that one would need accurate instruments to detect such an effect. Finally, we analyze the emission spectrum of the micro black hole by assuming the validity of the Hawking radiation and conclude that its unique energy spectrum might be detected and used as evidence of a bypassing micro black hole.
Finite Square Well and Quantum State Discrimination
Authors: You Songtai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the finite square well and its application are investigated, namely the quantum state discrimination. The finite square well is treated in all standard textbooks on introductory quantum mechanics. It is used as a simple ‘model of departure’ in many areas of physics. In atomic and molecular physics, it may be used as a model of an electron moving in the mean field of a linear molecule It also arises as the partial wave radial equation for a spherically symmetric, finite square-well potential. The Schrodinger equation for finite square well is solved. The domain is divided into three regions by the existing potential V
0, so for convenience, those three regions are named Region I, Region II, and Region III, respectively. Specifically, the potential of Region I and III are V
0, and that of Region II is 0. Also, a constant is needed to make this wave function normalized. Then since it is a wave function, it is necessary to make sure the function is continuous and differentiable everywhere within the domain. Besides, the wave function needs to be either odd or even just like infinite square well. After that, the wave functions for the three intervals can be obtained, and the exact quantum state is distinguished from a group of different quantum states. In the end, two wave functions are obtained; one for even form and one for odd form. Then all the energy level of the corresponding function with different wavelength needs to be found and listed. Local discrimination of orthogonal quantum states has attracted much attention during the last twenty years. The results are applied to the quantum-information task of state discrimination, by using the obtained six states in finite square well. It is assumed that all the quantum states are locally distinguishable, and the six states are distinguished using the hypothesis of quantum measurements.
The Progress of Three Astrophysics Simulation Methods: Monte-Carlo, PIC and MHD
Authors: Guo Jiawei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContemporarily, the dramatic progress that proceeded in astrophysical simulation stems from the computational upgrade. Simultaneously, the relative algorithms are from naive to mature. Some imaginary algorithms spring up like bamboo. The typical methods are Monte-Carlo, Particle-in-Cell, and Magnetohydrodynamic considering the relativistic effect. This paper reviews the typical progress of the above three methods as well as their hybrid method in astrophysics. These results offer a guideline for further research in astrophysics simulation.
Lateral bending and buckling aids biological and robotic earthworm anchoring and locomotion
Authors: Ozkan-Aydin Yasemin , Liu Bangyuan , Ferrero Alexandra Carruthers , Seidel Max , Hammond Frank L , Goldman Daniel I 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) are characterized by soft, highly flexible and extensible bodies, and are capable of locomoting in most terrestrial environments. Previous studies of earthworm movement focused on the use of retrograde peristaltic gaits in which controlled contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles results in waves of shortening/thickening and thinning/lengthening of the hydrostatic skeleton. These waves can propel the animal across ground as well as into soil. However, worms benefit from axial body bends during locomotion. Such lateral bending and buckling dynamics can aid locomotor function via hooking/anchoring (to provide propulsion), modify travel orientation (to avoid obstacles and generate turns) and even generate snake-like undulatory locomotion in environments where peristaltic locomotion results in poor performance. To the best of our knowledge, lateral bending and buckling of an earthworm’s body has not yet been systematically investigated. In this study, we observed that within confined environments, worms use lateral bending and buckling to anchor their body to the walls of their burrows and tip (anterior end) bending to search the environment. This locomotion strategy improved the performance of our soft-bodied robophysical model of the earthworm both in a confined (in an acrylic tube) and above-ground heterogeneous environment (rigid pegs), where present peristaltic robots are relatively limited in terradynamic capabilities. In summary, lateral bending and buckling facilitates the mobility of earthworm locomotion in diverse terrain and can play an important role in the creation of low cost soft robotic devices capable of traversing a variety of environments.
Study on the Air Pollution Control Policy Coordination Status in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Li Mengyihui , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Air pollution is a severe problem that the government and society have paid wide attention to in recent years. Its spatial spillover effect and liquidity raises the necessity of collaborative governance among different administrative subjects. This paper selects 153 policy texts related to coordinated air pollution control released by Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2020, and uses UCINET to analyze the centrality, density, and reciprocity of cooperation between cities and government departments. The results show that cities with high administrative levels and developed economies play a leading role in cooperation. Compared with administrative divisions, geographical proximity has a greater impact on the closeness of city cooperation. In terms of coordinated governance between departments, most departments have participated in the cooperation. This research shows the current status of the coordinated control of air pollution in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, which will help optimize such policies in the future.
Reflection on Collaborative Air Pollution Control in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Ye Qinglin , Suo Liming , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Urban agglomerations in developing regions are often prone to synergistic dilemmas due to differences in motivation and execution. This paper takes Cheng-Chongqing urban agglomeration in western China as a typical case, and collects 303 policy texts from the government’s official website from 2009 to 2020. The policy text analysis method is used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of policies, policy subjects, policy objectives and policy tools, and to analyze the differences and synergy in air pollution control in depth. The results show that the current coordinated air pollution control in this area is mainly influenced by the order of the superior government and the promotion of the core cities of Chengdu and Chongqing, and shows a gradual and in-depth development trend. However, due to the differences in policy objectives and tools of collaborative governance subjects, the mining of voluntary collaborative governance forces and the use of different policy tools are not deep and perfect, and the equal cooperation among various subjects is still less.
The Paradox of Bazinian Adaptation: Translation and Fidelity in Saramago’s The Double and Villeneuve’s Enemy
Authors: Donohue Micah K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Discussing Enemy (2013), his adaptation of Portuguese novelist José Saramago’s The Double (2002), French-Canadian filmmaker Denis Villeneuve remarks: ‘the best way to respect an author is to be very honest about the way you adapted [their work] and to totally destroy the original and make it your own’. Villeneuve’s recreative (translational) use of ‘respect’ reverberates intertextually with André Bazin’s description of respect-based fidelity. For Bazin, utterly faithful yet completely original adaptations could be achieved through ‘a ceaselessly creative respect’ in which faithfulness and unfaithfulness paradoxically converge in translational acts of recreation. I term this paradoxical doubling the paradox of adaptation in Bazin. In part 1 of this article, I explore how Bazin illustrates that paradox in his essays about adaptation with examples of translation, and particularly with examples of Baudelaire’s and Mallarmé’s translations of Edgar Allan Poe (an emblem of intertextual rewriting in French literature). Bazin’s references to translation provide an aperture into a wider understanding of adaptation’s intertextual and heteroglossic nature. Bazinian adaptations are faithful reconstructions and unfaithful transformations. As I discus in part 2 of this essay, Villeneuve capitalizes on this paradox in his recreative translation of The Double. The film reflects and ‘destroys’ (as Villeneuve would say) Saramago’s novel in order to recreate it. Through its re-theorization of Bazin’s fidelity as a translational prism of recreation, this essay contributes to the ‘resurgence of (pro)fidelity criticism’ (Hermansson) as well as to ongoing calls (Krebs, Venuti) for greater attention to the hermeneutic synergy between translation and adaptation studies.
Arthropods and Fire Within the Biologically Diverse Longleaf Pine Ecosystem
Authors: Sheehan Thomas N , Klepzig Kier D 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe longleaf pine Pinus palustris Miller (Pinales: Pinaceae) ecosystem once covered as many as 37 million hectares across the southeastern United States. Through fire suppression, development, and conversion to other plantation pines, this coverage has dwindled to fewer than 2 million hectares. A recent focus on the restoration of this ecosystem has revealed its complex and biologically diverse nature. Arthropods of the longleaf pine ecosystem are incredibly numerous and diverse—functionally and taxonomically. To provide clarity on what is known about the species and their functional roles in longleaf pine forests, we thoroughly searched the literature and found nearly 500 references. In the end, we tabulated 51 orders 477 families, 1,949 genera, and 3,032 arthropod species as having been stated in the scientific literature to occur in longleaf pine ecosystems. The body of research we drew from is rich and varied but far from comprehensive. Most work deals with land management objective associated taxa such as pests of pine, pests of—and food for—wildlife (red-cockaded woodpecker, northern bobwhite quail, gopher tortoise, pocket gopher, etc.), and pollinators of the diverse plant understory associated with longleaf pine. We explored the complex role frequent fire (critical in longleaf pine management) plays in determining the arthropod community in longleaf pine, including its importance to rare and threatened species. We examined known patterns of abundance and occurrence of key functional groups of longleaf pine-associated arthropods. Finally, we identified some critical gaps in knowledge and provide suggestions for future research into this incredibly diverse ecosystem.
Towards a Pragmatist Aesthetics
Authors: Lavik Erlend 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I make the case that the tradition of pragmatism may usefully inform aesthetic criticism. To that end, I contrast the anti-essentialist outlook and the ethico-political concerns of neo-pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty with the epistemological underpinnings of analytic aesthetics. The aim is to outline an alternative meta-theoretical perspective that ‘overwrites’ long-standing concerns with exactitude and objectivity. Drawing on examples from my own area of expertise, film, and television studies, I seek to explicitly set up aesthetic criticism, especially evaluation, as a means of social progress and human flourishing within the framework of liberal democracy.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Rothfeld Becca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, a number of philosophers have suggested that the aesthetic value sometimes depends on moral value. In this paper, I motivate and defend the inverse position: the view that aesthetic value sometimes partially grounds moral value. I appeal to Grand Budapest Hotel and The Lovely Bones to show that maudlin treatments of morally serious subject matter are sometimes disrespectful, in part because they are maudlin; I appeal to Madame Bovary to show that lyrical treatments of morally serious subject matter are compassionate, in part because they are lyrical. I go on to clarify that aesthetic value and descriptive facts about the subject matter of an artwork jointly ground its moral value, and I conclude by considering and rejecting a number of potential objections to the aestheticist thesis.
Adverse effects of subcutaneous vs intravenous hydration in older adults: An assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Danielsen Mathias Brix , Worthington Elisa , Karmisholt Jesper Scott , Møller Jørn Munkhof , Jørgensen Martin Gronbech , Andersen Stig 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Hydration therapy is essential in the care of the older patient. Subcutaneous (SC) hydration is a relevant method for parenteral hydration, but clinical trials on the subject have methodological shortcomings compared to updated standards.

Design
Assessor-blinded, non-inferiority RCT to explore if SC is a safe alternative to intravenous (IV) hydration.

Participants
Eligible patients were: Admitted patients 65 years or older with a need for parenteral hydration. The targeted sample size was 67 patients in each group.

Intervention
Patients were randomised to parenteral hydration via an IV or SC catheter during a 24 hours observation period. The non-randomised catheter (inactive) was placed as a sham on the patient, thereby blinding the caregivers and outcome assessors.

Measurement
Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients reporting at least one adverse effect with a non-inferiority calculation using a 20% margin.

Results
We included 51 patients, with 24 randomised to SC and 27 to IV. We were unable to reach our target sample size due to challenges in recruitment, time limitation, and COVID-19. For the outcome of adverse effects, SC was non-inferior to IV (p = 0.012). Time spent on inserting the catheters was shorter with SC (p = 0.001). The groups did not differ by pain of insertion, discomfort during infusion, or the risk of developing delirium.

Conclusion
SC is a safe alternative to IV hydration, is faster to place and should be an available method for parenteral hydration wherever older adults are cared for.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03710408
Traumatic brain injuries among veterans and the risk of incident dementia: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Leung Karen K , Carr Frances M , Russell Matthew J , Bremault-Phillips Suzette , Triscott Jean A C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among military veterans are increasingly recognized as important causes of both short and long-term neuropsychological dysfunction. However, the association between TBI and the development of dementia is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to quantify the risks of all-cause dementia including Alzheimer’s diseases and related dementias (ADRD), and to explore whether the relationships are influenced by the severity and recurrence of head injuries.

Methods
Database searches of Medline, Embase, Ovid Healthstar, PubMed and PROSPERO were undertaken from inception to December 2020 and supplemented with grey literature searches without language restrictions. Observational cohort studies examining TBI and incident dementia among veterans were analysed using Dersimonian-Laird random-effects models.

Results
Thirteen cohort studies totalling over 7.1 million observations with veterans were included. TBI was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.55–2.45), vascular dementia (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.46–2.80), but not Alzheimer’s disease (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.88–1.91). Severe and penetrating injuries were associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.47–4.55) than moderate injuries (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.44–5.52) and mild injuries (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30–2.80). However, the dose–response relationship was attenuated when additional studies with sufficient data to classify trauma severity were included.

Conclusion
TBI is a significant risk factor for incident all-cause dementia and vascular dementia. These results need to be interpreted cautiously in the presence of significant heterogeneity.
The Search for the Kayendo: Recovering the Lowcountry Rice Toolkit
Authors: Grego Caroline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
On a wintery day in 1916, African American workers on the Mulberry Plantation outside Charleston, South Carolina, used a peculiar, hand-carved wooden shovel with a paddle-like blade to clear ditches around rice fields. This article explores the origins and proliferation of that shovel, from the fulcrum shovel of West African rice farmers, to the long-handled scoops that enslaved rice workers used in the Lowcountry in the 1840s and 1850s, to the artifacts kept in museums in South Carolina today. While many questions about the evolution of the wooden shovel remain to be answered, this exploratory essay uses a wide array of sources to examine the transmission of a vital piece of material culture from the subsistence farms of West Africa to the massive rice labor camps of the South Carolina Lowcountry. As the article demonstrates in this journey through the archives, the historiography, museums, and even the old rice fields of Mulberry, the shovel fills a gap: from ditching to sowing, harvesting, and processing, historians now have evidence of West African origins of every stage of rice’s life cycle in the Lowcountry.
The Ecology of Exchange: The Monetization of Roman Egypt
Authors: Elliott Colin P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Egyptian experience of monetization—especially during the Roman period—subverts colonializing historiographies in which the adoption of (Western) coinage autonomously subdued passive and ‘primitive’ reciprocity and redistribution-based economies at the periphery. Many scholars now argue that cultural, religious and economic contexts directed exchange practices in Roman Egypt. This article argues that these embedding elements were themselves cultivated in a meta-context of place—namely, the fluvial geography and ecology of the Nile Valley, Delta and Fayyum Oasis. The rhythmic inundations of the Nile and Egypt’s related agricultural cycle shaped the meanings inhabitants attached to instruments of exchange, including the invading coins of Greek and Roman polities. Coinage thoroughly permeated Egyptian institutions, and yet ecologically-determined rituals, customs and traditions preserved aspects of indigenous exchange culture. Ecological forces nurtured and strengthened the cultural, economic and political forces that constrained Roman monetary imperialism. The monetization of Roman Egypt is, therefore, a critical historical case-study of broader geographic, temporal and thematic interest—one which enables scholars to better understand how ecology intersects with cultural, economic and political embeddedness.
Comparison of Cervical Cancer Screen Results on Female-to-Male Transgender Patients With Female Patients
Authors: Davis Katelynn , Kwon Regina , Graham Ashleigh , White Marissa , Maleki Zahra , Rodriguez Erika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There are limited data on cervical screen results from female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients. Herein, we compiled demographic information and cervical screen testing on FTM transgender patients and compared with age-appropriate controls.

Methods
A search of our previous and current databases was performed for Papanicolaou (Pap) tests from patients taking testosterone and/or with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, or transvestism. Patient data were reviewed. Relative risks of abnormal Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were calculated against age-matched controls.

Results
Eighty-nine Pap tests from FTM transgender individuals were identified, with a mean age of 31.3 years (range, 21-60 years). The Pap test diagnoses were distributed as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion (n = 84, 94.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (n = 0), low-grade intraepithelial lesion (n = 4, 4.5%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n = 1, 1.1%). Fifty (56.2%) patients had concurrent high-risk HPV testing with four (8%) positive results. Relative risk was 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.59; P = .32) for an abnormal Pap test and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.19-1.52; P = .24) for HPV compared with 267 age-matched controls. Of note, 13.5% of patients older than 21 years had documentation of never having a prior Pap test in our medical record.

Conclusions
In our study, FTM transgender individuals were not at a higher or lower risk of HPV infection or abnormal Pap test result compared with women. However, larger studies are needed to support our findings.