bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enseigner dans l’enseignement supérieur : les difficultés du métier
Authors: Loizon Anaïs 
Published: April 2021

En mobilisant les outils méthodologiques et conceptuels de la didactique professionnelle, cet article se propose d’analyser le travail des enseignants dans l’enseignement supérieur afin d’en faire ressortir les dimensions critiques. Il s’appuie pour cela sur des données empiriques issues d’entretiens et d’observations menés auprès d’enseignants exerçant dans une école d’ingénieurs de l’enseignement supérieur agronomique. La démarche adoptée permet de caractériser une situation de travail jugée difficile par les enseignants : le cours magistral. Elle montre qu’une partie des difficultés rencontrées par les enseignants dans cette situation sont dues aux exigences parfois contradictoires de la tâche à réaliser mais également à des aspects du travail méconnus par les enseignants, en attente d’être conceptualisés. Ces difficultés dessinent des perspectives de formation pour les enseignants dans l’enseignement supérieur. Mises à jour, elles deviennent des opportunités pour apprendre et ainsi mieux maîtriser les situations de travail.
La relation de tutorat dans les espaces-test agricoles : une mise à l’épreuve de l’apprendre et du transmettre
Authors: Chrétien Fanny 
Published: April 2021

l’objectif de cette contribution est de saisir ce qui caractérise les relations de tutorat dans les espaces-test agricoles. Dans un premier temps la notion de configuration est mobilisée pour appréhender le rôle que jouent les environnements professionnels, institutionnels et sociaux dans la structuration et la transformation de ces relations au sein de ces espaces. Ensuite, l’article examine, à travers une étude de cas, les différentes classes d’interaction tutorale dans lesquelles le travail, l’apprentissage et les modes de coordination font objets de controverses et mettent en jeu des dynamiques d’intercompréhension. L’analyse montre que l’approche de la didactique professionnelle croisée à celle de la sociologie pragmatique se révèle être un cadre fécond pour comprendre les conditions et le déroulé de la double activité tutorale : celle de produire et de transmettre.
Les chevets à trois absides des églises chypriotes et leur rapport avec le chevet du martyrium de Saint-Syméon (ive-viie siècles)
Authors: Comte Marie-Christine 
Published: April 2021

Sur l’île de Chypre, des églises à trois absides saillantes sont construites dès le début du ve siècle et ce type de basilique en deviendra la signature. L’auteure propose de rechercher l’origine de ce modèle de chevet d’abord à Chypre même, puis en Palestine, au travers de l’exemple singulier de la cathédrale Saint-Épiphane de Salamine / Constantia. Plusieurs monuments importants de l’île sont alors analysés. L’édification de certains d’entre eux, à partir de la fin du ves. et au début du vies. comme la Campanopétra de Salamine et peut-être la basilique B de Soloi, est mise en parallèle avec la construction du martyrium de Saint-Syméon, afin de rechercher les éventuels échanges d’influences ou interactions entre le chevet du grand martyrium syrien et les basiliques chypriotes.
Découverte d’une tombe du Bronze ancien à Tell Qsubi (Moyen-Euphrate, Syrie)
Authors: Alachkar Sawssan , Showhan Yasser 
Published: April 2021

Une tombe du Bronze ancien a été découverte en 2009 à Tell Qsubi sur la rive droite de l’Euphrate, à 59 km à l’ouest de Deir ez-Zor. Creusée dans le rocher en périphérie du tell, la tombe comporte un puit d’accès et une chambre divisée en trois espaces, qui a livré quelques ossements humains et 204 récipients en céramique, sans autre mobilier. Cet article est consacré à cet important ensemble céramique, jusqu’à présent inédit. Une étude typologique et stylistique permet de classer les différentes catégories céramiques et leurs types morphologiques. Une grande majorité de vases appartient à la Simple Ware et quelques-uns à la Black Euphrates Banded Ware ; un seul est attribuable à la Combed Wash Ware. L’analyse chronologique, fondée sur des comparaisons avec d’autres sites de la région, indique que le mobilier céramique est attribuable à la période EME 4-5 (2450-2100 av. J.‑C.). Cette tombe appartient au type « tombe à chambre avec puits d’accès », bien documenté dans le Moyen-Euphrate. Sa découverte élargit l’aire de répartition de ces tombes le long de la vallée de l’Euphrate en direction du sud.
Les dynamiques d’occupation rurale le long de la voie romaine de Jérusalem à Naplouse à l’époque byzantine
Authors: Thuillier Margaux 
Published: April 2021

Cet article s’attache à définir les dynamiques spatio-chronologiques des occupations rurales le long de la voie romaine menant de Jérusalem à Naplouse à l’époque byzantine (ive-viie s.). Notre analyse a mis en valeur des formes caractéristiques du peuplement rural regroupant des habitats groupés et isolés (villages, hameaux, fermes, monastères). L’analyse géographique de l’implantation de ces sites ruraux a démontré l’existence de systèmes de peuplement distincts, dont l’emplacement et le développement dépendent de facteurs géographiques et humains particuliers. L’examen de l’évolution de ces occupations rurales a permis d’établir les facettes de leur croissance et de leur déclin au cours de la période byzantine.
Technologies de l’hydrogène comme vecteur de reconfiguration (géo)politique
Authors: Takam Esdras Ngounou 
Published: April 2021

Notre article vise à étudier le potentiel de transformation de l’ordre ( géo)politique des technologies de l’hydrogène. Par la même occasion, nous discutons des contraintes latentes et points de friction d’ordre écologique et économique que les développements technologiques de l’hydrogène pourraient rencontrer et qui pourraient donc peser sur les trajectoires futures de développement d’une économie de l’hydrogène.
La « configuration en tiers-lieu », une mise en scène du changement social
Authors: Gheorghiu Matei 
Published: April 2021

Les « living-labs » s’inscrivent dans une famille de démarches citoyennes participatives, les « configurations en tiers-lieu » ( Burret, 2018 ). Leurs caractéristiques étant parfaitement analysées dans ce numéro, je me cantonnerai à quelques remarques générales. Pour commencer, je souhaite mettre leur émergence en perspective de son contexte historique. Dans un second temps je tâcherai d’exposer leur paradoxal dénominateur commun : en raison du caractère quasi institué de leur hétérogénéité et leur instabilité, les processus sociaux à l’œuvre dans ces initiatives constituent un dispositif de réflexivité « adapté » au régime de gouvernance néo-libéral. Pour finir, puisque ce travail s’appuie sur une dizaine d’années de recherche-action dans ce contexte, je me permettrai d’énoncer quelques principes de vigilance utiles tant au chercheur qu’au praticien ou à l’amateur initié.
La place de l’imaginaire technique dans la transformation de systèmes sociotechniques
Authors: Lemarchand Frédérick 
Published: April 2021

Le présent article, issu d’une recherche participative de trois ans ( TETHYS pour Transition énergétique territoire hydrogène et société ) vise à forger le concept d’imaginaire social énergétique et à questionner ses formes d’institution. Nous nous appuierons pour cela sur la réflexion de Cornelius Castoriadis. Trois axes Autonomie/hétéronomie, Puissance/ frugalité et Individualiste ( masse ) / convivial ( collectif et produisant du lien ) déterminent ces imaginaires. Nous tenterons enfin de rendre compte de leur émergence dans les dispositifs participatifs mis en œuvre avec différents publics au sein du livinglab « Le Dôme », à Caen.
L’acceptabilité sociale au bout de la transgression
Authors: Pécaud Dominique 
Published: April 2021

Offrir au management de projet une visée d’acceptabilité sociale pour des groupements humains éprouvant ou manifestant des réticences plus ou moins profondes quand son aboutissement relève d’un phénomène de rationalisation d’un social considéré à la fois comme langage et comme technique. Nous illustrons ce phénomène à travers deux recherches. L’une porte sur la compréhension des raisons qui poussent une population à vouloir rejeter l’implantation d’une installation technique marine afin de préserver un environnement en l’état et d’écarter des risques sanitaires. L’autre a porté sur la production d’une « analyse sociétale » auprès d’une population locale et sur la réception de ses résultats par un consortium ayant pour ambition de construire et d’exploiter un navire utilisant une pile à hydrogène. Enfin, nous nous interrogerons sur la présentation que fait M. Callon d’une sociologie de la traduction et du rôle que ses méthodes pourraient jouer afin de construire un projet participatif faisant de l’acceptabilité sociale non pas un moyen chargé de sécuriser politiquement un projet, mais une fin, celle de rationaliser le social qu’elle mobilise.
Colpotomizer-assisted Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (CATAH Technique)
Authors: Dawood Ayman Shehata , Elbohoty Sherin Barakat , Abbas Ahmed Mohamed , Elgergawy Adel Elshahat 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability and feasibility of Colpotomizer-assisted total abdominal hysterectomy (CATAH), a new technique for uterine removal in benign uterine pathologies.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary University hospital in Egypt. Eligible patients (n = 88) for total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) were divided into two groups; the study group who underwent TAH by the CATAH technique and the control group who underwent TAH by the conventional technique. Demographic data, operative time, blood loss, and operative complications were recorded.

Results:
The mean operative time was significantly reduced (64.47 ± 3.60 min) in the study group than in the control group (86.42 ± 5.54 min, P < 0.001). The mean time for cervical removal was significantly less (8.60 ± 1.39 min) in the study group than (17.77 ± 2.62 min) in the control group (P < 0.001). The mean volume of blood loss was less (197.38 ± 39.42 ml) in the study group than in the control group (462.69 ± 167.96 ml). Complications were fewer in the study group than in the control group.

Conclusion:
The CATAH technique was feasible, quicker with less intraoperative and postoperative complications than the conventional technique for TAH in benign uterine pathologies.
Psychiatric Morbidity Among Dermatology Patients
Authors: Altraide Dasetima D. , Okeafor Chukwuma U. , Otike-Odibi Bolaji I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Increased frequency of psychiatric and emotional health problems has been reported among patients with dermatological lesions. These problems could negatively affect the quality of life of these patients.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity among dermatology patients. It also sought to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidity.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 90 consenting patients attending the dermatological clinic of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. These patients filled the study questionnaire which comprised of a sociodemographic questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a perceived stigma scale. A GHQ score of ≥ 3 was considered as having psychiatric morbidity. Statistical analysis was performed at the 0.05 significance level.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 13 years and a male to female ratio of 1:2; 34 of the 90 patients (38%) had psychiatric morbidity. Forty-three (48%) patients had perceived stigma, with mild perceived stigma as the most common category (40%) of perceived stigma. There was no significant relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and psychiatric morbidity (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Psychiatric morbidity is common among patients with dermatological lesions irrespective of their sociodemographic characteristics. Addressing the psychosocial care of patients who attend the dermatologic outpatient clinic may be helpful.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Using Hair-Smoothing Products Among Women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammrie Fawwaz F. , Alshammari Tamam M. , Altraifi Mohammad A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Hair-smoothing products have been developed by the cosmetic industry, targeting the popular desire among women for beautification. The products are also used as a treatment for hair. All hair-smoothing products contain different levels of formaldehyde, which is classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization.

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of using hair-smoothing products among women in Saudi Arabia, as well as identifying common side effects of their use.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Saudi Arabia. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to more than 1600 women, administered in the Arabic language using paper and an online survey.

Results:
Only 35% of the participants had previously used hair treatments, whereas 24% of the participants identified formaldehyde as a carcinogen. Close to two-thirds (59%) of the participants used hair treatments to facilitate management of their hair. About one-third (35%) of participants read the instructions for hair treatments before their use. The main symptom participants mentioned related to formaldehyde exposure was hair loss (34%). The majority of users (71%) use personal protective equipment during their use of hair-smoothing products.

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated low levels of knowledge, a number of misconceptions, and faulty practices. Women must be made aware of the risks of some hair-straightening products that contain large concentrations of formaldehyde exceeding the recommended exposure levels. Therefore, we recommend raising the overall general public knowledge and awareness of hair-straightening products by establishing marketing campaigns and spreading knowledge through social media.
Oral Isotretinoin Therapy and Milia Formation in Patients with Acne Vulgaris
Authors: AlSaif Fahad , AlDakhil Abdulrhman , AlSyefi Nourah , AlAmari AlBatool , AlAmari Ahmad , AlSaif Faisal , AlOtaibi Hend , Balbeesi Amal , AlBabtain Nora 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is effective in acne treatment. Isotretinoin can cause hair loss, xerosis, cheilitis, and nail changes. Milia is a reported side effect; however, little is known about the relationship between oral isotretinoin and milia formation.

Purpose:
The objective was to investigate milia as a potential side effect of oral isotretinoin treatment.

Methods:
Fifty-one patients (male/female: 21/30) aged 18–25 years with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris were treated with a standard dose of oral isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg/day and a cumulative dose of 120–150 mg/kg. Clinical assessments of milia were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months of treatment.

Results:
None of the patients who received oral isotretinoin therapy developed milia.

Conclusion:
We found no association between oral isotretinoin at a standard dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day and milia formation in patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris.
The Use of Dermoscopy Among Dermatologists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Nouf N. , AlBukhari Faten A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Dermoscopy aids in visualizing skin and has been used commonly by dermatologists around the world.

Purpose:
The purpose was to estimate the prevalence of dermoscopy usage in Saudi Arabia (SA), to identify the determinants of its use, and to assess the desire of dermatologists to learn more about it.

Methods:
One hundred questionnaires were distributed to dermatologists practicing in Riyadh; 65 were answered and returned.

Results:
About 56.9% own a dermatoscope or find it available in their clinics, and 36.9% of them use it regularly. About 67.7% report knowing how to use it, whereas 32.3% do not. The majority (41.5%) learned how to use it clinically by spending time with senior expert dermatologists. About 93.8% find it helpful in diagnosing melanoma and pigmented skin lesions; 81% believe that it is more accurate than the naked eye examination alone. On the other hand, 41.5% find it ineffective mostly because it requires extensive training.Comparing the postgraduate training place of the respondents. Showed no difference in terms of dermoscopy availability P = 0.09, use P = 0.51, or specialized training P = 0.09 between dermatologists currently training or did their training in SA and other dermatologists who trained outside SA. About 8.3% of dermatologists practicing for more than 10 years are using it regularly, in comparison to 91.4% of those who have been practicing for 10 years or less.

Conclusion:
Age, postgraduate training place, years of practice, and clinical experience are the main factors affecting the use of dermoscopy in SA. The majority of the respondents expressed their desire to expand their knowledge and improve their skills to use dermoscopy more efficiently.
A Comparative Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of Intralesional Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine and Intralesional Vitamin D3 in the Treatment of Recurrent Warts
Authors: Jartarkar Shishira R. , Kadnur Manjunath , Mamatha P , Mishra Swayam S. , Spoorthy B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Recurrent or resistant warts may be due to defective cell-mediated immune response. Immunotherapy is directed at manipulating the immune system to achieve an anti-human papillomavirus immune reaction.

Purpose:
Our study compared the safety and efficacy of intralesional measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) vaccine to intralesional Vitamin D3 injection in recurrent warts.

Methods:
Sixty-six patients were divided into two groups of 33 each. In Group A and B, patients were injected with 0.5 ml of Vitamin D3 and 0.5 ml of MMR vaccine, respectively, intralesionally into the base of the largest wart every 2 weeks until complete clearance or for a maximum of 4 doses. The patients were evaluated for clinical improvement and any adverse effects.

Results:
Complete clearance of warts was noted in 52% (17) in Group A and in 70% (23) in Group B. Excellent to complete response was noted in 82% (27) in Group A and in 91% (30) in Group B. The clinical improvement noted with intralesional MMR vaccine was not statistically different than with intralesional Vitamin D3 (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Intralesional MMR and Vitamin D3 are promising options for recurrent warts.
Assessment of airway reversibility in asthmatic children using forced oscillation technique – A single-center experience from North India
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Sachdev Anil , Gupta Dhiren , Gupta Suresh 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Lung function testing is recommended for the management of asthma. Due to certain limitations of conventional spirometry in vulnerable patients, forced oscillation technique (FOT) has been studied with promising results. As there is a paucity of data from developing world, we planned to conduct this study in children using FOT. To assess airway reversibility after inhaled salbutamol in asymptomatic children with suspected asthma.

Settings:
This study was conducted at pediatric asthma clinic of a tertiary care referral hospital in North India.

Design:
This was a prospective interventional study over 1-year period.

Subjects and Methods:
Asymptomatic children between 2 and 18 years of age, with history suggestive of asthma, were eligible for participation. Baseline and postbronchodilator pulmonary functions were assessed using FOT. Airway resistance and reactance were monitored at various frequencies. SPSS version 17 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Among the 345 enrolled children, baseline mean ± standard deviation total airway resistance (R5), central airway resistance (R19), peripheral airway resistance (R5–R19), reactance (X5), and resonant frequency (Fres) were 6.85 ± 2.60, 5.23 ± 1.93, 1.6 ± 1.16, and − 2.54 ± 1.36 cmH2O/L/s and 17.28 ± 3.06 Hz. The median (interquartile range) percentage change after inhaled salbutamol was 19.9 (11.40, 29.12), 22.86 (6.88, 38.76), 14.08 (3.40, 22.62), 39.20 (8.20, 62.39), and 15.79 (8.33, 27.27) in respective parameters. All changes were statistically significant. The studied respiratory variables were in maximum negative correlation with height, followed by body mass index.

Conclusions:
FOT is a simple technique for monitoring lung functions in children during asthma management.
Respiratory health of workers exposed to polyacrylate dust
Authors: Tiwari Rajnarayan Ramshankar , Sadhu Harsiddha G , Sharma Yashwant K 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Polyacrylate (PA) powder dust formed in PA manufacturing units is fine sized, i.e., in nanosize. Although several previous studies reported possible significant adverse effects of nanomaterials, studies on the harmful effect of small-sized PA particles on the respiratory health of the workers are scarce. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of PA on respiratory health and lung volumes/rates among the workers of PA manufacturing unit.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study included 84 workers of PA manufacturing unit. Using interview technique as a tool for data collection, demographic, occupational, and clinical details of the workers were recorded on the predesigned pro forma. This was followed by detailed clinical examination, spirometry, chest X-ray (posteroanterior [PA] view), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) examination of each worker.

Results:
On the basis of clinical examination, chest radiography, and HRCT, 17.9% of the workers were found to have fibrotic and cavitarychanges in lung parenchyma. The production department workers had a higher proportion of respiratory morbidities as compared to supervisory or office staff. Age, gender, smoking habit, and duration of exposure were nonsignificant risk factors for respiratory morbidity. The overall mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1sts, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), (Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow Rate) MMEFR0.2–1.2, and MMEFR25%–75% were 3.19 ± 0.77 L, 2.72 ± 0.67 L, 6.82 ± 1.86 L/s, 5.79 ± 2.03 L/s, and 3.16 ± 1.19 L/s, respectively. Females and those having respiratory morbidity had significantly lower values of all spirometric parameters as compared to their counterparts.

Conclusions:
The workers exposed to engineered fine dust of PA may be at risk of respiratory ill-health.