bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OGLE-2018-BLG-1428Lb: a Jupiter-mass planet beyond the snow line of a dwarf star
Authors: Kim Yun Hak , Chung Sun-Ju , Udalski Andrej , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D , Jung Youn Kil , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Han Cheongho , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W ,   (KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radek , Wrona Marcin , Iwanek Patryk , Szymański Michał K , Skowron Jan , Soszyński Igor , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof ,   (The OGLE collaboration), Kim Y H , Chung S-J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-1428, which has a short-duration (∼1 d) caustic-crossing anomaly. The event was caused by a planetary lens system with planet/host mass ratio q = 1.7 × 10−3. Because of the detection of the caustic-crossing anomaly, the finite source effect was well measured, but the microlens parallax was not constrained due to the relatively short time-scale (tE = 24 d). From a Bayesian analysis, we find that the host star is a dwarf star $M_{\rm host}=0.43^{+0.33}_{-0.22} \ \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at a distance $D_{\rm L}=6.22^{+1.03}_{-1.51}\ {\rm kpc}$ and the planet is a Jovian-mass planet $M_{\rm p}=0.77^{+0.77}_{-0.53} \ M_{\rm J}$ with a projected separation $a_{\perp }=3.30^{+0.59}_{-0.83}\ {\rm au}$. The planet orbits beyond the snow line of the host star. Considering the relative lens-source proper motion of $\mu _{\rm rel} = 5.58 \pm 0.38\ \rm mas\ yr^{-1}$, the lens can be resolved by adaptive optics with a 30 m telescope in the future.
Globular cluster systems of relic galaxies
Authors: Alamo-Martínez Karla A , Chies-Santos Ana L , Beasley Michael A , Flores-Freitas Rodrigo , Furlanetto Cristina , Trevisan Marina , Schnorr-Müller Allan , Leaman Ryan , Bonatto Charles J 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the globular cluster (GC) systems of a sample of 15 massive, compact early-type galaxies (ETGs), 13 of which have already been identified as good relic galaxy candidates on the basis of their compact morphologies, old stellar populations and stellar kinematics. These relic galaxy candidates are likely the nearby counterparts of high-redshift red nugget galaxies. Using F814W (≈I) and F160W (≈H) data from the WFC3 camara onboard the Hubble Space Telescope, we determine the total number, luminosity function, specific frequency, colour, and spatial distribution of the GC systems (GCSs). We find lower specific frequencies (SN &lt; 2.5 with a median of SN = 1) than ETGs of comparable mass. This is consistent with a scenario of rapid, early dissipative formation, with relatively low levels of accretion of low-mass, high-SN satellites. The GC half-number radii are compact, but follow the relations found in normal ETGs. We identify an anticorrelation between the specific angular momentum (λR) of the host galaxy and the (I − H) colour distribution width of their GCSs. Assuming that λR provides a measure of the degree of dissipation in massive ETGs, we suggest that the (I − H) colour distribution width can be used as a proxy for the degree of complexity of the accretion histories in these systems.
Gravitational redshifting of galaxies in the SPIDERS cluster catalogue
Authors: Mpetha C T , Collins C A , Clerc N , Finoguenov A , Peacock J A , Comparat J , Schneider D , Capasso R , Damsted S , Furnell K , Merloni A , Padilla N D , Saro A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS) are searched for a detection of the gravitational redshifting of light from ${\sim}20\, 000$ galaxies in ∼2500 galaxy clusters using three definitions of the cluster centre: its Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), the redMaPPer identified Central Galaxy (CG), or the peak of X-ray emission. Distributions of velocity offsets between galaxies and their host cluster’s centre, found using observed redshifts, are created. The quantity $\hat{\Delta }$, the average of the radial velocity difference between the cluster members and the cluster systemic velocity, reveals information on the size of a combination of effects on the observed redshift, dominated by gravitational redshifting. The change of $\hat{\Delta }$ with radial distance is predicted for SPIDERS galaxies in General Relativity (GR), and f(R) gravity, and compared to the observations. The values of $\hat{\Delta }=-13.5\pm 4.7$ km s−1, $\hat{\Delta }=-12.5\pm 5.1$ km s−1, and $\hat{\Delta }=-18.6\pm 4.8$ km s−1 for the BCG, X-ray, and CG cases, respectively, broadly agree with the literature. There is no significant preference of one gravity theory over another, but all cases give a clear detection (&gt;2.5σ) of $\hat{\Delta }$. The BCG centroid is deemed to be the most robust method in this analysis, due to no well-defined central redshift when using an X-ray centroid, and CGs identified by redMaPPer with no associated spectroscopic redshift. For future gravitational redshift studies, an order-of-magnitude more galaxies, ${\sim}500\, 000$, will be required – a possible feat with the forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Euclid and eROSITA.
X-raying the galaxy pair Arp 41: no collision in NGC 1232 and three ultraluminous sources in NGC 1232A
Authors: Soria Roberto , Pakull Manfred W 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied the apparent galaxy pair NGC 1232/NGC 1232A with Chandra, looking for evidence of interactions and collisions. We report that there is no cloud of diffuse emission in NGC 1232, contrary to previous claims in the literature. Instead, we find that the small ‘companion’ galaxy NGC 1232A contains three ultraluminous X-ray sources with peak 0.3–10 keV luminosities above 1040 erg s−1 (assuming a cosmological distance of ≈93 Mpc for this galaxy). For its mass, morphology, metal abundance, and bright ULX population, NGC 1232A is analogous to the more nearby late-type spiral NGC 1313.
Probing ultradiffuse galaxies out to the virial radius of the Coma cluster with XMM–Newton
Authors: Mirakhor M S , Walker S A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We probe the formation scenarios and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) occupation fraction of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the nearby Coma cluster by utilizing XMM–Newton observations of 779 out of 854 UDG candidates identified by the Subaru survey. Their origin is probed by measuring the dark matter halo mass of the stacked sample of UDGs and the population of low-mass X-ray binaries residing in globular clusters. Our measurements suggest that the average UDG population does not have a substantial amount of hot gas or a large number of globular clusters. This supports the formation scenario, in which UDGs are puffed-up dwarf galaxies, agreeing with that obtained for 404 Coma cluster UDGs using Chandra. We also determine AGN occupation fraction of UDGs by cross-correlating the position of UDGs with the detected point sources in Coma. We detect three X-ray sources with detection significance σ ≥ 5 that could be off-centre AGNs within 5 arcsec from the centre of the UDG 317, UDG 432, and UDG 535. We identify an optical counterpart for the X-ray source associated with the UDG 317, suggesting that this source is more likely an off-centre AGN. Based on the current data, however, we cannot conclusively constrain whether the detected AGN is residing in the Coma cluster or not.
Angiopoietin 2 stimulates trophoblast invasion via a mechanism associated with JNK signaling
Authors: Hou Huomei , Ning Fen , Zhang Joy Yue , Lu Qinsheng , Zhang Min , Wu Peihuang , Chen Miaojuan , Lash Gendie E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast cell (EVT) invasion is tightly controlled, and its dysregulation can lead to altered spiral artery remodeling and contribute to a number of different pregnancy complications. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is expressed by trophoblast cells and various cells in the decidua, and trophoblast cells express its receptor, Tie2. Ang-2 has been shown to play roles in tumor progression and metastasis but it is not known if it also regulates EVT invasion. Here, we show that both the HTR-8/SVneo cell line and primary isolates of human EVT expressed various integrins and the Tie2 receptor, and Ang-2 stimulated their migration and/or invasion. Ang-2 increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9, altered the cytoskeleton of HTR-8/SVneo cells and also induced phosphorylation of Tie2, JNK and c-Jun. Inhibition of p-JNK (using SP600125) blocked the Ang-2 induced invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. In addition, inhibition of Tie2 (pexmetinib) and integrin signaling (RGDS and ATN-161) also blocked Ang-2-induced invasion. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ang-2 can stimulate EVT invasion via a mechanism associated with activation of both the Tie2 receptor and integrins, which appear to work through different pathways; Tie2 through the JNK/c-JUN pathway and integrins through an as yet unidentified pathway(s). We therefore propose that any alterations in Ang-2 expression in the decidua would lead to an imbalance in pro- and anti-invasive factors, disrupting regulation of EVT invasion and spiral artery remodeling and thereby contribute to the etiology of several complications of pregnancy.
Ultraviolet-induced RNA:DNA hybrids interfere with chromosomal DNA synthesis
Authors: Kouzminova Elena A , Kuzminov Andrei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) induces pyrimidine dimers (PDs) in DNA and replication-dependent fragmentation in chromosomes. The rnhAB mutants in Escherichia coli, accumulating R-loops and single DNA-rNs, are generally resistant to DNA damage, but are surprisingly UV-sensitive, even though they remove PDs normally, suggesting irreparable chromosome lesions. We show here that the RNase H defect does not cause additional chromosome fragmentation after UV, but inhibits DNA synthesis after replication restart. Genetic analysis implies formation of R-loop-anchored transcription elongation complexes (R-loop-aTECs) in UV-irradiated rnhAB mutants, predicting that their chromosomal DNA will accumulate: (i) RNA:DNA hybrids; (ii) a few slow-to-remove PDs. We confirm both features and also find that both, surprisingly, depend on replication restart. Finally, enriching for the UV-induced RNA:DNA hybrids in the rnhAB uvrA mutants also co-enriches for PDs, showing their co-residence in the same structures. We propose that PD-triggered R-loop-aTECs block head-on replication in RNase H-deficient mutants.
Binding site profiles and N-terminal minor groove interactions of the master quorum-sensing regulator LuxR enable flexible control of gene activation and repression
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Bing , Gu Dan , Hao Yuan , Chen Mo , Ma Yue , Zhou Xiaohui , Reverter David , Zhang Yuanxing , Wang Qiyao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
LuxR is a TetR family master quorum sensing (QS) regulator activating or repressing expression of hundreds of genes that control collective behaviors in Vibrios with underlying mechanism unknown. To illuminate how this regulator controls expression of various target genes, we applied ChIP-seq and DNase I-seq technologies. Vibrio alginolyticus LuxR controls expression of ∼280 genes that contain either symmetric palindrome (repDNA) or asymmetric (actDNA) binding motifs with different binding profiles. The median number of LuxR binding sites for activated genes are nearly double for that of repressed genes. Crystal structures of LuxR in complex with the respective repDNA and actDNA motifs revealed a new mode of LuxR DNA binding that involves contacts of its N-terminal extension to the minor groove. The N-terminal contacts mediated by Arginine-9 and Arginine-11 differ when LuxR binds to repDNA vs actDNA, leading to higher binding affinity at repressed targets. Moreover, modification of LuxR binding sites, binding profiles, and N-terminal extension have important consequences on QS-regulated phenotypes. These results facilitate fundamental understanding of the high flexibility of mechanisms of LuxR control of gene activation and repression in Vibrio QS, which may facilitate to design QS inhibiting chemicals that interfere with LuxR regulation to effectively control pathogens.
Somatic CAG expansion in Huntington's disease is dependent on the MLH3 endonuclease domain, which can be excluded via splice redirection
Authors: Roy Jennie C L , Vitalo Antonia , Andrew Marissa A , Mota-Silva Eduarda , Kovalenko Marina , Burch Zoe , Nhu Anh M , Cohen Paula E , Grabczyk Ed , Wheeler Vanessa C , Mouro Pinto Ricardo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Somatic expansion of the CAG repeat tract that causes Huntington's disease (HD) is thought to contribute to the rate of disease pathogenesis. Therefore, factors influencing repeat expansion are potential therapeutic targets. Genes in the DNA mismatch repair pathway are critical drivers of somatic expansion in HD mouse models. Here, we have tested, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, the role of the endonuclease domain of the mismatch repair protein MLH3 in somatic CAG expansion in HD mice and patient cells. A point mutation in the MLH3 endonuclease domain completely eliminated CAG expansion in the brain and peripheral tissues of a HD knock-in mouse model (HttQ111). To test whether the MLH3 endonuclease could be manipulated pharmacologically, we delivered splice switching oligonucleotides in mice to redirect Mlh3 splicing to exclude the endonuclease domain. Splice redirection to an isoform lacking the endonuclease domain was associated with reduced CAG expansion. Finally, CAG expansion in HD patient-derived primary fibroblasts was also significantly reduced by redirecting MLH3 splicing to the endogenous endonuclease domain-lacking isoform. These data indicate the potential of targeting the MLH3 endonuclease domain to slow somatic CAG repeat expansion in HD, a therapeutic strategy that may be applicable across multiple repeat expansion disorders.
How Does the Use of Flavored Nicotine Vaping Products Relate to Progression Toward Quitting Smoking? Findings From the 2016 and 2018 ITC 4CV Surveys
Authors: Li Lin , Borland Ron , Cummings Kenneth Michael , Fong Geoffrey T , Gravely Shannon , Smith Danielle M , Goniewicz Maciej L , O’Connor Richard J , Thompson Mary E , McNeill Ann 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction
There is limited research on the role of flavors in nicotine vaping products (NVPs) in relation to smoking. We examined patterns of flavor use in NVPs in relation to progression toward quitting.

Aims and Methods
Data come from 886 concurrent users of NVPs (at least weekly) and cigarettes who were first surveyed in 2016 and then successfully recontacted in 2018 as part of the ITC 4CV Surveys conducted in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Participants were asked about their main vaping flavor categorized as: (1) tobacco or unflavored, (2) menthol or mint flavored, and (3) “sweet” flavors (eg, fruit or candy). We examined whether flavor was associated with progression toward quitting smoking between survey years.

Results
Overall, 11.1% of baseline concurrent users quit smoking by 2018. Compared with users of tobacco flavors, those vaping “sweet” flavors were more likely to quit smoking between surveys (13.8% vs. 9.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.58, p &lt; .05), but those using menthol flavors were no more likely to quit smoking (8.3% vs. 9.6%, aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.43–1.47, p = .69). Among those who had quit smoking in 2018, 52.0% were still vaping, which was lower than the 65.8% among continuing smokers (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.92, p = .02). Sweet flavor users were no more likely to continue vaping compared with tobacco flavor users, either for those continuing smoking or those having quit smoking by 2018. There was a net shift away from tobacco flavor among those who continued to vape at follow-up.

Conclusions
Use of fruit and other sweet flavored e-liquids is positively related to smokers’ transition away from cigarettes.

Implications
With multiple jurisdictions considering limiting or banning the sale of flavored NVPs, it is important to consider how such policies may impact smokers using NVPs to transition away from cigarette smoking. Our results indicate that vapers who used sweet flavors were more likely to transition away from cigarette smoking and quit cigarette use, at least in the short term, compared with those who used tobacco or unflavored NVPs. Randomized clinical trials are needed to establish if the observed association between use of flavored e-liquids and smoking cessation is due to self-selection or is truly causal.
Insertion of plastidic β-barrel proteins into the outer envelopes of plastids involves an intermembrane space intermediate formed with Toc75-V/OEP80
Authors: Gross Lucia E , Klinger Anna , Spies Nicole , Ernst Theresa , Flinner Nadine , Simm Stefan , Ladig Roman , Bodensohn Uwe , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The insertion of organellar membrane proteins with the correct topology requires the following: First, the proteins must contain topogenic signals for translocation across and insertion into the membrane. Second, proteinaceous complexes in the cytoplasm, membrane, and lumen of organelles are required to drive this process. Many complexes required for the intracellular distribution of membrane proteins have been described, but the signals and components required for the insertion of plastidic β-barrel-type proteins into the outer membrane are largely unknown. The discovery of common principles is difficult, as only a few plastidic β-barrel proteins exist. Here, we provide evidence that the plastidic outer envelope β-barrel proteins OEP21, OEP24, and OEP37 from pea (Pisum sativum) and Arabidopsis thaliana contain information defining the topology of the protein. The information required for the translocation of pea proteins across the outer envelope membrane is present within the six N-terminal β-strands. This process requires the action of translocon of the outer chloroplast (TOC) membrane. After translocation into the intermembrane space, β-barrel proteins interact with TOC75-V, as exemplified by OEP37 and P39, and are integrated into the membrane. The membrane insertion of plastidic β-barrel proteins is affected by mutation of the last β-strand, suggesting that this strand contributes to the insertion signal. These findings shed light on the elements and complexes involved in plastidic β-barrel protein import.
The state of oligomerization of Rubisco controls the rate of synthesis of the Rubisco large subunit in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Wietrzynski Wojciech , Traverso Eleonora , Wollman Francis-André , Wostrikoff Katia 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is present in all photosynthetic organisms and is a key enzyme for photosynthesis-driven life on Earth. Its most prominent form is a hetero-oligomer in which small subunits (SSU) stabilize the core of the enzyme built from large subunits (LSU), yielding, after a chaperone-assisted multistep assembly process, an LSU8SSU8 hexadecameric holoenzyme. Here we use Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and a combination of site-directed mutants to dissect the multistep biogenesis pathway of Rubisco in vivo. We identify assembly intermediates, in two of which LSU are associated with the RAF1 chaperone. Using genetic and biochemical approaches we further unravel a major regulation process during Rubisco biogenesis, in which LSU translation is controlled by its ability to assemble with the SSU, via the mechanism of control by epistasy of synthesis (CES). Altogether this leads us to propose a model whereby the last assembly intermediate, an LSU8-RAF1 complex, provides the platform for SSU binding to form the Rubisco enzyme, and when SSU is not available, converts to a key regulatory form that exerts negative feedback on the initiation of LSU translation.
The NAC transcription factor FaRIF controls fruit ripening in strawberry
Authors: Martín-Pizarro Carmen , Vallarino José G , Osorio Sonia , Meco Victoriano , Urrutia María , Pillet Jeremy , Casañal Ana , Merchante Catharina , Amaya Iraida , Willmitzer Lothar , Fernie Alisdair R , Giovannoni James J , Botella Miguel A , Valpuesta Victoriano , Posé David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In contrast to climacteric fruits such as tomato, the knowledge on key regulatory genes controlling the ripening of strawberry, a nonclimacteric fruit, is still limited. NAC transcription factors (TFs) mediate different developmental processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized Ripening Inducing Factor (FaRIF), a NAC TF that is highly expressed and induced in strawberry receptacles during ripening. Functional analyses based on stable transgenic lines aimed at silencing FaRIF by RNA interference, either from a constitutive promoter or the ripe receptacle-specific EXP2 promoter, as well as overexpression lines showed that FaRIF controls critical ripening-related processes such as fruit softening and pigment and sugar accumulation. Physiological, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses of receptacles of FaRIF-silenced and overexpression lines point to FaRIF as a key regulator of strawberry fruit ripening from early developmental stages, controlling abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling, cell-wall degradation, and modification, the phenylpropanoid pathway, volatiles production, and the balance of the aerobic/anaerobic metabolism. FaRIF is therefore a target to be modified/edited to control the quality of strawberry fruits.
Functional redox links between lumen thiol oxidoreductase1 and serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7
Authors: Wu Jianghao , Rong Liwei , Lin Weijun , Kong Lingxi , Wei Dengjie , Zhang Lixin , Rochaix Jean-David , Xu Xiumei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In response to changing light quantity and quality, photosynthetic organisms perform state transitions, a process which optimizes photosynthetic yield and mitigates photo-damage. The serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7 phosphorylates the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII; light-harvesting complex II), which then migrates from PSII to photosystem I (PSI), thereby rebalancing the light excitation energy between the photosystems and restoring the redox poise of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Two conserved cysteines forming intra- or intermolecular disulfide bonds in the lumenal domain (LD) of STN7 are essential for the kinase activity although it is still unknown how activation of the kinase is regulated. In this study, we show lumen thiol oxidoreductase 1 (LTO1) is co-expressed with STN7 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and interacts with the LD of STN7 in vitro and in vivo. LTO1 contains thioredoxin (TRX)-like and vitamin K epoxide reductase domains which are related to the disulfide-bond formation system in bacteria. We further show that the TRX-like domain of LTO1 is able to oxidize the conserved lumenal cysteines of STN7 in vitro. In addition, loss of LTO1 affects the kinase activity of STN7 in Arabidopsis. Based on these results, we propose that LTO1 helps to maintain STN7 in an oxidized active state in state 2 through redox interactions between the lumenal cysteines of STN7 and LTO1.