bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ideal protein versus low‐fat diet for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fernandez Camilo A. , Potts Kaitlin , Bazzano Lydia A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines call for peer‐reviewed evidence of efficacy and safety for commercial weight loss programs to be recommended as options for those seeking to lose weight.ObjectivesThis study investigated the Ideal Protein (IP) system, a commercial weight loss program, compared to a guideline‐based, low‐calorie/low‐fat (LCLF) dietary behavioral intervention on body weight and CVD risk factors in adults with obesity.MethodsIn this randomized, assessor‐blinded, parallel‐group trial, 192 participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 and ≤49 kg/m2 were assigned to either the IP Phase I diet or LFLC diet interventions. The IP Phase I is focused on lean protein and vegetables with avoidance of fruit and dairy, while the LFLC diet goals include <30% of daily energy from fat, <7% from saturated fat, 55% from carbohydrate, and an energy deficit of 500 kcal/day. The primary endpoint was change in body weight at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included change in waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).ResultsThe mean ± SD of change in weight at 3 months was −9.6 ± 12.7 kg in the IP group as compared to −1.6 ± 27.2 kg in the LFLC group. The mean between‐group difference in change at 3 months was −8.1 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] −16.6 to 0.6; p = 0.05). Additional significant between‐group differences included WC, HC, TC, and TG levels, all favoring the IP group. There were no serious adverse events during the intervention period.ConclusionsThe present findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the IP weight loss program as compared to a guideline‐based LCLF dietary behavioral intervention among black and white adults with obesity and CVD risk factors, providing support for the effectiveness of the program.
Identification of two Eleusine indica (goosegrass) biotypes of cool‐season turfgrass resistant to dithiopyr
Authors: Elmore Matthew T , Diehl Katherine H , Di Rong , Chen Jinyi , Patterson Eric L , Brosnan James T , Trigiano Robert N , Tuck Daniel P , Boggess Sarah L , McDonald Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTurfgrass managers reported poor Eleusine indica control following applications of the mitosis‐inhibiting herbicide dithiopyr in cool‐season turfgrass. Field, glasshouse, and laboratory experiments were conducted to understand the response of these biotypes to dithiopyr and prodiamine.ResultsIn field experiments at two locations with putative dithiopyr‐resistant E. indica, preemergence applications of dithiopyr provided no E. indica control. Single applications of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)‐inhibitor, oxadiazon, provided > 85% control at these locations. When subjected to agar‐based bioassays, root growth of putative resistant biotypes planted with 0.01 mmol L−1 dithiopyr was slightly reduced (< 25%) whereas roots were completely inhibited in the susceptible biotype. Glasshouse whole plant rate‐response experiments found that the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), did not increase the sensitivity of these putative resistant biotypes to dithiopyr. Sequencing of α‐tubulin 1 (TUA1) revealed a Leu‐136‐Phe substitution in both dithiopyr‐resistant populations.ConclusionEleusine indica biotypes with resistance to dithiopyr are present in cool‐season turfgrass systems in the United States. Resistance is possibly related to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of an α‐tubulin gene. If turfgrass managers suspect resistance to dithiopyr, oxadiazon can still be an effective alternative for preemergence control. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient computation of matrix–vector products with full observation weighting matrices in data assimilation
Authors: Hu Guannan , Dance Sarah L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated improved skill in numerical weather prediction via the use of spatially correlated observation error covariance information in data assimilation systems. In this case, the observation weighting matrices (inverse error covariance matrices) used in the assimilation may be full matrices rather than diagonal. Thus, the computation of matrix–vector products in the variational minimization problem may be very time‐consuming, particularly if the parallel computation of the matrix–vector product requires a high degree of communication between processing elements. Hence, we introduce a well‐known numerical approximation method, called the fast multipole method (FMM), to speed up the matrix–vector multiplications in data assimilation. We explore a particular type of FMM that uses a singular value decomposition (SVD‐FMM) and adjust it to suit our new application in data assimilation. By approximating a large part of the computation of the matrix–vector product, the SVD‐FMM technique greatly reduces the computational complexity compared with the standard approach. We develop a novel possible parallelization scheme of the SVD‐FMM for our application, which can reduce the communication costs. We investigate the accuracy of the SVD‐FMM technique in several numerical experiments: we first assess the accuracy using covariance matrices that are created using different correlation functions and lengthscales, then investigate the impact of reconditioning the covariance matrices on the accuracy, and finally examine the feasibility of the technique in the presence of missing observations. We also provide theoretical explanations for some numerical results. Our results show that the SVD‐FMM technique can compute the matrix–vector product with good accuracy in a wide variety of circumstances and, hence, has potential as an efficient technique for assimilation of a large volume of observational data within a short time interval.
Study on explosion risk assessment of low‐concentration gas safe combustion system based on FAHP‐fuzzy fault tree
Authors: Zheng Xiaoliang , Chen Hualiang , Xue Sheng , Zheng Chunshan , Qi Feilong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExplosion is the most dangerous accident during direct combustion of low‐concentration gas. Few investigations have focused on explosion risk assessment of low‐concentration gas safe combustion system. This study aims to analyze explosion risk of above system. Due to insufficient accident data for calculating the failure probability of explosion, expert evaluation method and fuzzy algorithm were adopted to obtain the failure probability of basic events (BEs) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy (FAHP) Process method used to improve the calculation of expert weights. Then qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out using fault tree analysis. Results show that the failure probability of system explosion is 0.085%. Events with high‐risk probability are mainly on equipment management and personnel behavior norms. Safe combustion system has excellent performance on tempering prevention, explosion resistance and explosion relief. The outcomes of this study are expected to help the safety professionals while formulating safety management measures for low‐concentration gas safety combustion system.
From tensions to synergy: Causation and effectuation in the process of venture creation
Authors: Galkina Tamara , Atkova Irina , Yang Man 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines previously neglected tensions between causation and effectuation in the process of new venture creation. We studied 41 episodes of new venture creation by entrepreneurs in Finland and Denmark, who we followed applying the diary method. We reveal tense relations between the respective causation and effectuation principles at multiple levels, and identify the corresponding mechanisms for their resolution, which, in turn, lead to the synergy. This study enriches the effectuation research by offering a dynamic perspective on causation‐effectuation interplay and categorizing three modes of their interaction, that is, separation, hybrid synergy, and tensions.Managerial SummaryVenture creation is a complex process that involves different decision‐making logics. While combining the goal‐driven logic of causation and non‐goal driven logic of effectuation is essential for the success of a start‐up, the road to their synergy can be paved with different tensions. Our study of 41 episodes of new venture creation by entrepreneurs in Finland and Denmark shows that these tensions can occur at the individual, organizational and inter‐organizational levels. We also show four different mechanisms of how entrepreneurs can overcome these tensions within their ventures and in relations with other stakeholders.
An Environmentally Benign Solid Acid Nanocatalyst for the Green Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Ester
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Shagufta  , Dhar Rahul , Hisaindee Soleiman , Hasan Kamrul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGreen and sustainable chemistry have gained substantial attention worldwide, and the efforts have been greatly appreciated for the substitution of Brønsted acid catalysts from homogeneous to heterogeneous phases. In this perspective, a sulfonic acid‐functionalized silica nanospheres (SAFSNS) catalyst was prepared by organosilylation‐sulfonation on the surface of well‐ordered silica nanospheres as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst. The physicochemical properties of nanocatalyst were well characterized by powder XRD, IR, TGA, DSC, NH3‐TPD, N2 sorption, EDAX, and SEM techniques. The attainment of the anchoring of SO3H functionalization involving the Brønsted acidities was found up to 0.35 mmol H+/g. The synthesized SAFSNS nanocatalyst ascertain the replacement of the highly toxic liquid phase acids to a stable, solid acid catalyst for the green esterification of carboxylic acids under solvent‐free reaction conditions, showed reasonable to excellent esters yield (63–94 %) in 3.5 hours at 100 °C with five times reusability without substantial diminution in catalytic proficiency.
Progress of the Elements Doped NaFeO2Cathode Materials for High Performance Sodium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yiyao , Li Laishi , Wu Yusheng , Fang Yingjiao , Xie Hongwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLayered metal oxide NaFeO2has been recognized is a promising cathode material for high‐energy sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and high capacity. However, its poor structural stability during the Na+insertion/extraction results in capacity degradation and a short cycle life. Elemental doping is a very promising method to improve its performance. Here, layered iron‐based oxides (NaFeO2or NaFeMeO2[Me=manganese, nickel, and so on]) were doped with different elements (manganese, nickel, copper, fluorine, etc.) and their performance as cathode materials of SIBs are reviewed and analyzed. We found that synergistic doping with multiple cations can improve sodium storage performance. Moreover, anionic doping is also worth exploring to improve the crystal structure and the sodium storage of these materials.
Unexpected Intramolecular Phosphite‐Mediated Amide Coupling To Yield 3,5‐Dioxo‐1‐Piperazines
Authors: Heim Philipp , Twamley Brendan , O'Brien John , McDonald Aidan R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of tripodal carboxamide ligands using one‐pot phosphite coupling reactions with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and 4‐substituted anilines is well established. Generation of such tripodal ligands using ortho‐substituted anilines (2,6−RArNH2, R=F, Me, iPr) has proven to be challenging. The reaction between NTA and 2,6−RArNH2 using triphenylphosphite as a coupling reagent did not yield the desired tripodal carboxamide. Rather, the formation of 3,5‐dioxo‐1‐piperazine intramolecular coupling products N‐(2,6‐difluorophenyl)‐3,5‐dioxo‐1‐piperazine‐N‐(2,6‐difluorophenyl)acetamide (1), N‐(2,6‐dimethyphenyl)‐3,5‐dioxo‐1‐piperazine‐N‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)acetamide (2) and N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3,5‐dioxo‐1‐piperazine‐N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)acetamide (3) was observed. All three compounds have been extensively characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‐transform infra‐red and mass spectrometry. X‐ray diffraction analysis yielded solid state structures of 2 and 3. Substituents at the ortho position of aniline thus favours intramolecular cyclization over the formation of tripodal carboxamide ligands, preventing preparation of the desired bulky ligand.
Recent Developments on Catalyst‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Triggered Synthesis of Heterocyclic Scaffolds and Their Mechanistic Study
Authors: Goswami Munmee , Dutta Arup , Paul Pooja , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, visible‐light promoted reactions have become a powerful tool for organic synthesis by activating small molecules. This review presents an overview of the catalyst‐free synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with one or more than one heteroatoms under visible‐light irradiation in various solvents or solvent‐free conditions reported from 2013 on.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Substitution of Allenoates with Oxindoles: An Approach to 3‐Allenic or 3‐Dienoic Oxindoles
Authors: Yang Ze‐ren , Gui Hou‐ze , Shi Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new method for substitution of allenoate using oxindoles as nucleophilic reagents has been disclosed in this paper upon phosphine catalysis under mild conditions to afford 3‐allenic or 3‐dienoic oxindoles in moderate to good yields depending on the substituent at the aromatic ring of oxindole. According to the previous works, the plausible reaction mechanisms have been proposed.
Institutional protection of minority employees and entrepreneurship: Evidence from the LGBT Employment Non‐Discrimination Acts
Authors: Conti Raffaele , Kacperczyk Olenka , Valentini Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

Research AbstractA diverse workforce has long been associated with multiple firm benefits, but this is sometimes difficult to achieve due to employer discrimination. Although multiple institutional arrangements have been put in place to ban discriminatory behavior, the effects of such regulations remain relatively unexplored, often neglecting start‐ups. We propose that institutional changes aiming to outlaw employment discrimination will trigger two main effects: they will (a) depress start‐up founding rates through enhancement of wage‐work appeal, and (b) increase the average start‐up quality due to a higher threshold for leaving wage‐work. We test our predictions by exploiting the staggered enactment of Employment Non‐Discrimination Acts in the U.S. Consistent with our theory, we find that this institutional protection reduced the quantity of entrepreneurship but increased its quality.Managerial SummaryDo laws that protect traditionally oppressed groups from discrimination in the workplace affect the propensity of workers to leave their company and start an entrepreneurial venture? Our study shows that legislative changes that ban the discrimination against members of the LGBT community in the labor market have a two‐fold effect on entrepreneurship. First, they reduce the workers' propensity to start a new venture (thus reducing the loss of human capital) because of an increased relative appeal of the workplace. Second, they increase the overall quality of the startups founded in the region, increasing the overall welfare. Additionally, we find that these effects are more likely to be present when litigation against employment discrimination is more frequent and when the protected minorities are more prevalent.
Delivery of Cationic Platinum Prodrugs via Reduction Sensitive Polymer for Improved Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Yushu , Liu Yulin , Tang Lin , Mu Qingchun , Yin Xiangye , Zheng Liuchun , Chen Youbai , Liu Chaoyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA cationic monofunctional platinum anticancer drug, phenanthriplatin (PhenPt(II)), exhibits promising anticancer effect on various cancer cell lines. Unlike the conventional platinum(II) drugs, PhenPt(II) is more likely to bind the N7 adenosine base of DNA in situ, and consequently resulting in a unique cellular response profile and unusual potency. However, since this drug is positively charged, it can easily bind to plasma protein that leads to rapid systematic clearance and deleterious toxicities, which greatly limits its in vivo application. Herein, a lipophilic phenanthriplatin (PhenPt(IV)) prodrug is synthesized. To further reduce its toxicity, a negatively charged polymer P1 with reduction responsiveness is assembled with PhenPt(IV) to form PhenPt(IV) NPs. In comparison to cisplatin, PhenPt(IV) NPs exhibit up to 30 times greater in vitro potency against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, in vivo, no obvious side effect is found on PhenPt(IV) NPs. Significant enhancement in tumor accumulation and improvement of drug efficacy in 4T1 tumor model are demonstrated. Taken together, this study provides a promising strategy for the clinical translation of phenanthriplatin.
Rational Design of Yolk–Shell ZnCoSe@N‐Doped Dual Carbon Architectures as Long‐Life and High‐Rate Anodes for Half/Full Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Jian , Luo Shao‐hua , Yan Sheng‐xue , Zhan Yang , Wang Qing , Zhang Ya‐hui , Liu Xin , Chang Long‐jiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal selenides (TMSs) have emerged as prospective anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their considerable theoretical capacity and intrinsic high electronic conductivity. Whereas, TMSs still suffer from poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability induced by sluggish kinetics and severe volume changes during de/sodiation processes. Herein, a hierarchical composite consisting of a zinc‐cobalt bimetallic selenide yolk and nitrogen‐doped double carbon shell (denoted as ZnCoSe@NDC) is engineered and fabricated successfully. The architecture of the as‐fabricated material improves the Na‐ion storage performance via increasing the electron transfer kinetics, accommodating volume expansion, and mitigating the generation of by‐products. As expected, the ZnCoSe@NDC electrode delivers superior sodium storage performance with long cycling stability (344.5 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 over 2000 long‐term cycles) and high‐rate performance (319.2 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). Meanwhile, the NVP@C//ZnCoSe@NDC full SIB cells are constructed successfully, retaining 96.3% of its initial capacity at 0.5A g−1 after 200 loops. The outstanding electrochemical performance and the construction of hybrid SIBs will have far‐reaching influences on the development of the various rechargeable batteries.
Activatable Biomineralized Nanoplatform Remodels the Intracellular Environment of Multidrug‐Resistant Tumors for Enhanced Ferroptosis/Apoptosis Therapy
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhao Yuanyuan , Hu Yan , Fei Yang , Zhao Youbo , Xue Chencheng , Cai Kaiyong , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death with significant therapeutic prospect, but its application against drug‐resistant tumor cells is challenging due to their ability to effuse antitumor agents via p‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and anti‐lipid peroxidation alkaline intracellular environment. Herein, an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)‐based nanoplatform is reported for the targeted combinational ferroptosis/apoptosis therapy of drug resistant tumor cells by blocking the MCT4‐mediated efflux of lactic acid (LA). The nanoplatform is fabricated through the biomineralization of doxorubicin‐Fe2+ (DOX‐Fe2+) complex and MCT4‐inhibiting siRNAs (siMCT4) and can release them to the tumor cytoplasm after the hydrolysis of ACP and dissociation of DOX‐Fe2+ in the acidic lysosomes. siMCT4 can inhibit MCT4 expression and force the glycolysis‐generated lactic acid (LA) to remain in cytoplasm for rapid acidification. The nanoplatform‐induced remodeling of the tumor intracellular environment can not only interrupt the ATP supply required for P‐gp‐dependent DOX effusion to enhance H2O2 production, but also increase the overall catalytic efficiency of Fe2+ for the initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation. These features could act in concert to enhance the efficacy of the combinational ferroptosis/chemotherapy and prolong the survival of tumor‐bearing mice. This study may provide new avenues for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant tumors.
Air Bubble Bridge‐Based Bioinspired Underwater Adhesion
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Liwen , Guo Yurun , Gan Yang , Liu Guang , Zhang Deyuan , Chen Huawei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWet adhesion is greatly demanded in fields of wearable devices, wound dressings, and smart robotics. However, reusable, noninvasive and convenient adhesive pads in the liquid environment have remained a challenge. Here, a novel concept of underwater adhesion inspired by the diving beetle, which utilizes the air bubbles as an adhesive to realize nondestructive and repeatable adhesion working across a wide range of scales is shown. The mechanism of underwater bubble adhesion is revealed by the capillarity of air‐bubble bridge, of which the property depends on the dynamic bubble contact angles and the gap distance. The design principle of the air bubble‐based underwater adhesion is proposed and validated to tune the interfacial acting force by theoretical and experimental results. Finally, a strong, reusable surface adhesive based on air bubble bridges is demonstrated from macro‐ to microscales in applications of particle manipulation and particle self‐assembly. This unique view of underwater bubble adhesion provides new ideas for broader applications.
In Vivo Near‐Infrared Imaging Using Ternary Selenide Semiconductor Nanoparticles with an Uncommon Crystal Structure
Authors: Yao Jingke , Lifante José , Rodríguez‐Sevilla Paloma , de la Fuente‐Fernández María , Sanz‐Rodríguez Francisco , Ortgies Dirk H. , Calderon Oscar Gomez , Melle Sonia , Ximendes Erving , Jaque Daniel , Marin Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe implementation of in vivo fluorescence imaging as a reliable diagnostic imaging modality at the clinical level is still far from reality. Plenty of work remains ahead to provide medical practitioners with solid proof of the potential advantages of this imaging technique. To do so, one of the key objectives is to better the optical performance of dedicated contrast agents, thus improving the resolution and penetration depth achievable. This direction is followed here and the use of a novel AgInSe2 nanoparticle‐based contrast agent (nanocapsule) is reported for fluorescence imaging. The use of an Ag2Se seeds‐mediated synthesis method allows stabilizing an uncommon orthorhombic crystal structure, which endows the material with emission in the second biological window (1000–1400 nm), where deeper penetration in tissues is achieved. The nanocapsules, obtained via phospholipid‐assisted encapsulation of the AgInSe2 nanoparticles, comply with the mandatory requisites for an imaging contrast agent—colloidal stability and negligible toxicity—and show superior brightness compared with widely used Ag2S nanoparticles. Imaging experiments point to the great potential of the novel AgInSe2‐based nanocapsules for high‐resolution, whole‐body in vivo imaging. Their extended permanence time within blood vessels make them especially suitable for prolonged imaging of the cardiovascular system.
Enantiomeric Isopulegol as the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Bioactive Agents
Authors: Minh Le Tam , Szakonyi Zsolt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIsopulegol, a pool of abundant chiral terpene, has long served as the starting material for the total synthesis of isopulegol‐based drugs. As an inexpensive and versatile starting material, this compound continues to serve modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights the total syntheses of terpenoids in the period from 1980 to 2020 in which with isopulegol applied as a building block.