bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fargesin ameliorates osteoarthritis via macrophage reprogramming by downregulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Lu Jiansen , Zhang Hongbo , Pan Jianying , Hu Zhiqiang , Liu Liangliang , Liu Yanli , Yu Xiao , Bai Xiaochun , Cai Daozhang , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of fargesin, one of the main components of Magnolia fargesii, in macrophage reprogramming and crosstalk across cartilage and synovium during osteoarthritis (OA) development.

Methods
Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized and assigned to vehicle, collagenase-induced OA (CIOA), or CIOA with intra-articular fargesin treatment groups. Articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. Immunostaining and western blot analyses were conducted to detect relative protein. Raw264.7 cells were treated with LPS or IL-4 to investigate the role of polarized macrophages. ADTC5 cells were treated with IL-1β and conditioned medium was collected to investigate the crosstalk between chondrocytes and macrophages.

Results
Fargesin attenuated articular cartilage degeneration and synovitis, resulting in substantially lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores. In particular, significantly increased M2 polarization and decreased M1 polarization in synovial macrophages were found in fargesin-treated CIOA mice compared to controls. This was accompanied by downregulation of IL-6 and IL-1β and upregulation of IL-10 in serum. Conditioned medium (CM) from M1 macrophages treated with fargesin reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13, RUNX2, and type X collagen and increased Col2a1 and SOX9 in OA chondrocytes, but fargesin alone did not affect chondrocyte catabolic processes. Moreover, fargesin exerted protective effects by suppressing p38/ERK MAPK and p65/NF-κB signaling.

Conclusions
This study showed that fargesin switched the polarized phenotypes of macrophages from M1 to M2 subtypes and prevented cartilage degeneration partially by downregulating p38/ERK MAPK and p65/NF-κB signaling. Targeting macrophage reprogramming or blocking the crosstalk between macrophages and chondrocytes in early OA may be an effective preventive strategy.
Qualitative ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular salivary glands after administration of khat: in vivo study
Authors: Al-Qadhi Gamilah , Mubarak Rabab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Khat (Catha edulis Forssk) plant has been widely chewed for its psychostimulatory effects in the African and Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen. Considering the khat leaves are gradually chewed without swallowing, while its active constituents are extracted into saliva, studying the effect of khat on salivary glands is necessary. This work is an extension of the previously published work that studied the effect of khat extract on the rats' submandibular salivary glands in terms of histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The current research note aimed to better understand this effect on the ultrastructure of submandibular salivary gland cells by using transmission electron microscope.

Results
Oral administration of khat extract produced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal cells of rats' submandibular salivary glands. These changes involved irregular boundaries of variable sized-nuclei, dilated RER, cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as swollen and degenerated mitochondria.
De novo transcriptome analysis for examination of the nutrition metabolic system related to the evolutionary process through which stick insects gain the ability of flight (Phasmatodea)
Authors: Sakamoto Takuma , Sasaki Shunya , Yamaguchi Nobuki , Nakano Miho , Sato Hiroki , Iwabuchi Kikuo , Tabunoki Hiroko , Simpson Richard J. , Bono Hidemasa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Insects are the most evolutionarily successful groups of organisms, and this success is largely due to their flight ability. Interestingly, some stick insects have lost their flight ability despite having wings. To elucidate the shift from wingless to flying forms during insect evolution, we compared the nutritional metabolism system among flight-winged, flightless-winged, and flightless-wingless stick insect groups.

Results
Here, we report RNA sequencing of midgut transcriptome of Entoria okinawaensis, a prominent Japanese flightless-wingless stick insect, and the comparative analysis of its transcriptome in publicly available midgut transcriptomes obtained from seven stick insect species. A gene enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes, including those obtained from winged vs wingless and flight vs flightless genes comparisons, revealed that carbohydrate metabolic process-related genes were highly expressed in the winged stick insect group. We also found that the expression of the mitochondrial enolase superfamily member 1 transcript was significantly higher in the winged stick insect group than in the wingless stick insect group. Our findings could indicate that carbohydrate metabolic processes are related to the evolutionary process through which stick insects gain the ability of flight.
Early lactate and glucose kinetics following return to spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Freire Jorge Pedro , Boer Rohan , Posma Rene A. , Harms Katharina C. , Hiemstra Bart , Bens Bas W. J. , Nijsten Maarten W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Lactate has been shown to be preferentially metabolized in comparison to glucose after physiological stress, such as strenuous exercise. Derangements of lactate and glucose are common after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Therefore, we hypothesized that lactate decreases faster than glucose after return-to-spontaneous-circulation (ROSC) after OHCA.

Results
We included 155 OHCA patients in our analysis. Within the first 8 h of presentation to the emergency department, 843 lactates and 1019 glucoses were available, respectively. Lactate decreased to 50% of its initial value within 1.5 h (95% CI [0.2–3.6 h]), while glucose halved within 5.6 h (95% CI [5.4–5.7 h]). Also, in the first 8 h after presentation lactate decreases more than glucose in relation to their initial values (lactate 72.6% vs glucose 52.1%). In patients with marked hyperlactatemia after OHCA, lactate decreased expediently while glucose recovered more slowly, whereas arterial pH recovered at a similar rapid rate as lactate. Hospital non-survivors (N = 82) had a slower recovery of lactate (P = 0.002) than survivors (N = 82). The preferential clearance of lactate underscores its role as a prime energy substrate, when available, during recovery from extreme stress.
Anaphylaxis caused by artisanal honey in a child: a case report
Authors: Di Costanzo Margherita , De Paulis Nicoletta , Peveri Silvia , Montagni Marcello , Berni Canani Roberto , Biasucci Giacomo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Honey is a rare cause of food allergy, especially in children, but it can cause severe systemic allergic reactions. In the pediatric age group, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Honey allergy may be caused by pollen content or bee-derived proteins. A role for Compositae has been suggested among pollen allergens. Allergology workup of a patient with suspected honey allergy is not well defined. Here we describe a rare case of anaphylaxis in a 5-year-old boy, sensitized to Compositae pollen (ragweed and mugwort), after the ingestion of artisanal honey.

Case presentation
The Slavic patient was referred to our hospital emergency department for generalized urticaria and breathing impairment. All the symptoms occurred approximately 30 minutes after the ingestion of a meal containing salmon and artisanal honey. The allergology workup revealed that a skin prick-by-prick test with the implicated artisanal honey was positive, while a variety of different commercial honey and salmon products yielded negative results. Skin prick test and serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) results were also positive for Compositae pollen (ragweed and mugwort). Patients sensitized to weed pollens who ingest bee products may experience an immediate allergic reaction because of the cross-reaction between weed pollens and Compositae bee product pollen. In this case, primary sensitization may be due to airborne Compositae pollen. Commercial honey is heavily processed due to pasteurization and filtration, which removes most of the pollen. These observations highlight the role of Compositae pollen in the observed allergic reaction and suggest that the different pollen content in the artisanal honey relative to commercial honey was responsible for the allergic reaction in our patient.

Conclusions
This is the first reported pediatric case of honey-induced anaphylaxis in a child under 6 years of age sensitized to Compositae pollen. Pediatricians should be aware of the potential risk of severe allergic reactions upon ingestion of honey and bee products, especially in patients sensitized to weed pollens. To diagnose honey allergy, obtaining a proper clinical history is essential. In addition, skin prick-by-prick tests are helpful, and may represent a simple method to screen for honey allergy in patients sensitized to Compositae pollen, in light of the potential risk.
Effects of organic acid, Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 and sugar cane extract in feed against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in pigs
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroki , Miyagawa Masashi , Yin Yizhe , Oosumi Takayuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiarrhea can lead to mortality and delayed growth in pigs and is a major economic loss in the pig industry. In this study, we evaluated non-antimicrobial materials that can prevent diarrhea to infection by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weaned pigs and investigated biological changes. We confirmed the efficacy of fumaric acid, lactic acid, Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC12) and sugar cane extract (SCE) in inhibiting diarrhea and investigated the biological changes by analyzing gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. Administration of EC12 (0.1%, w/w) and SCE (1.0%, w/w) groups had reduced score of diarrhea. Furthermore, the combination of EC12 and SCE was effective at reducing the fecal score of diarrhea even at low concentrations. Administration of either EC12 or SCE greatly reduced the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in pigs. EC12 and SCE were most effective in suppressing ETEC-induced diarrhea in weaned pigs. Furthermore, we were able to identify biological changes in pigs when EC12 and SCE were administered to pigs. These feeds may have prevented infection by ETEC in weaned pigs and may improve pig productivity and reduce the use of antimicrobial agents.
Melittin as a promising anti-protozoan peptide: current knowledge and future prospects
Authors: Memariani Hamed , Memariani Mojtaba 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtozoan diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and sleeping sickness still levy a heavy toll on human lives. Deplorably, only few classes of anti-protozoan drugs have thus far been developed. The problem is further compounded by their intrinsic toxicity, emergence of drug resistance, and the lack of licensed vaccines. Thus, there is a genuine exigency to develop novel anti-protozoan medications. Over the past years, melittin, the major constituent in the venom of European honeybee Apis mellifera, has gathered the attention of researchers due to its potential therapeutic applications. Insofar as we are aware, there has been no review pertinent to anti-protozoan properties of melittin. The present review outlines the current knowledge about anti-protozoan effects of melittin and its underlying mechanisms. The peptide has proven to be efficacious in killing different protozoan parasites such as Leishmania, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Trypanosoma in vitro. Apart from direct membrane-disruptive activity, melittin is capable of destabilizing calcium homeostasis, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, disorganizing kinetoplast DNA, instigating apoptotic cell death, and induction of autophagy in protozoan pathogens. Emerging evidence suggests that melittin is a promising candidate for future vaccine adjuvants. Transmission-blocking activity of melittin against vector-borne pathogens underscores its potential utility for both transgenic and paratransgenic manipulations. Nevertheless, future research should focus upon investigating anti-microbial activities of melittin, alone or in combination with the current anti-protozoan medications, against a far broader spectrum of protozoan parasites as well as pre-clinical testing of the peptide in animal models.
Simplified frontal EEG in adults under veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors:   The DINAMO Study Group, Touchard Cyril , Cartailler Jérôme , Vellieux Geoffroy , de Montmollin Etienne , Jaquet Pierre , Wanono Ruben , Reuter Jean , Para Marylou , Bouadma Lila , Timsit Jean-François , d’Ortho Marie-Pia , Kubis Nathalie , Rouvel Tallec Anny , Sonneville Romain 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
EEG-based prognostication studies in intensive care units often rely on a standard 21-electrode montage (stdEEG) requiring substantial human, technical, and financial resources. We here evaluate whether a simplified 4-frontal electrode montage (4-frontEEG) can detect EEG patterns associated with poor outcomes in adult patients under veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Methods
We conducted a reanalysis of EEG data from a prospective cohort on 118 adult patients under VA-ECMO, in whom EEG was performed on admission to intensive care. EEG patterns of interest included background rhythm, discontinuity, reactivity, and the Synek’s score. They were all reassessed by an intensivist on a 4-frontEEG montage, whose analysis was then compared to an expert’s interpretation made on stdEEG recordings. The main outcome measure was the degree of correlation between 4-frontEEG and stdEEG montages to identify EEG patterns of interest. The performance of the Synek scores calculated on 4-frontEEG and stdEEG montage to predict outcomes (i.e., 28-day mortality and 90-day Rankin score $${\ge {4}}$$

≥
4

) was investigated in a secondary exploratory analysis.

Results
The detection of EEG patterns using 4-frontEEG was statistically similar to that of stdEEG for background rhythm (Spearman rank test, ρ = 0.66, p < 0.001), discontinuity (Cohen’s kappa, $$\kappa$$
κ
= 0.955), reactivity ($$\kappa$$
κ
= 0.739) and the Synek’s score (ρ = 0.794, p < 0.001). Using the Synek classification, we found similar performances between 4-frontEEG and stdEEG montages in predicting 28-day mortality (AUC 4-frontEEG 0.71, AUC stdEEG 0.68) and for 90-day poor neurologic outcome (AUC 4-frontEEG 0.71, AUC stdEEG 0.66). An exploratory analysis confirmed that the Synek scores determined by 4 or 21 electrodes were independently associated with 28-day mortality and poor 90-day functional outcome.

Conclusion
In adult patients under VA-ECMO, a simplified 4-frontal electrode EEG montage interpreted by an intensivist, detected common EEG patterns associated with poor outcomes, with a performance similar to that of a standard EEG montage interpreted by expert neurophysiologists. This simplified montage could be implemented as part of a multimodal evaluation for bedside prognostication.
Even-order differential equation with continuous delay: nonexistence criteria of Kneser solutions
Authors: Muhib Ali , Khashan M. Motawi , Moaaz Osama 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study even-order DEs where we deduce new conditions for nonexistence Kneser solutions for this type of DEs. Based on the nonexistence criteria of Kneser solutions, we establish the criteria for oscillation that take into account the effect of the delay argument, where to our knowledge all the previous results neglected the effect of the delay argument, so our results improve the previous results. The effectiveness of our new criteria is illustrated by examples.
Converging or diverging trajectories of mortality under one year of age in the Baltic States: a comparison with the European Union
Authors: Genowska Agnieszka , Strukcinskiene Birute , Villerusa Anita , Konstantynowicz Jerzy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation about trends in perinatal and child health inequalities is scarce, especially in the Eastern Europe. We analyzed how mortality under 1 year of age has been changing in the Baltic States and the European Union (EU) over 25 years, and what associations occurred between changes in macroeconomic factors and mortality.MethodsData on fetal, neonatal, infant mortality, and macroeconomic factors were extracted from WHO database. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to analyze time trajectories of mortality over 1990–2014. We also investigated how the changes in health expenditures and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contributed to the changes in mortality.ResultsThe reduction of fetal, neonatal and infant mortality in the Baltic countries led to convergence with the EU. In Estonia this process was the fastest, and then the rates tended to diverge. The strongest effect in reduction of neonatal mortality was related to the annual increase in health expenditure and GDP which had occurred in the same year, and a decrease in fetal mortality associated with an increase in health expenditure and GDP in the 4th and 5th year, respectively, following the initial change.ConclusionsThese findings outlined convergences and divergences in mortality under 1 year of age in the Baltic States compared with the patterns of the EU. Our data highlighted a need to define health policy directions aimed at the implementation of effective intervention modalities addressing reduction of risks in prenatal and early life.
Pars plana vitrectomy with/without encircling scleral band for treatment of retinal detachment associated with buphthalmos
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda Hamdy , El Gouhary Sameh Mohamed , Ghali Ali Ahmed Ali , Abdelhafez Mohamed Ahmed , Zaky Adel Galal , Leila Mahmoud , Heikal Mohamed Amin , Mansour Hosam Othman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without encircling scleral band for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children with buphthalmos.

Patients and methods
Retrospective comparative nonrandomized interventional case series including consecutive patients who underwent PPV with or without encircling band and SO tamponade for RRD associated with buphthalmos.

Results
The study included 19 eyes of 19 children. Mean age was 8 years, range 3–16 years. Mean follow-up period was 28 months, range 19–63 months. Globe survival has been achieved in 15 out of 19 eyes (79%). Phthisis bulbi was reported in four cases (22%). Eight patients (42%) achieved ambulatory vision. Most eyes initially achieved anatomical success.

Conclusion
Despite the poor visual and anatomical results of RRD repair in eyes with buphthalmos, globe survival might be the rationale for surgery in such cases. Globe preservation could avoid the psychological and social consequences of phthisis bulbi in non-operated children.
Inferring multi-period optimal portfolios via detrending moving average cluster entropy(a)
Authors: Murialdo P. , Ponta L. , Carbone A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite half a century of research, there is still no general agreement about the optimal approach to build a robust multi-period portfolio. We address this question by proposing the detrended cluster entropy approach to estimate the weights of a portfolio of high-frequency market indices. The information measure gathered from the markets produces reliable estimates of the weights at varying temporal horizons. The portfolio exhibits a high level of diversity, robustness and stability as not affected by the drawbacks of traditional mean-variance approaches.
Enhanced Forman curvature and its relation to Ollivier curvature
Authors: Tee Philip , Trugenberger C. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in emergent geometry and discretized approaches to quantum gravity have relied upon the notion of a discrete measure of graph curvature. We focus on the two main measures that have been studied, the so-called Ollivier-Ricci and Forman-Ricci curvatures. These two approaches have a very different origin, and both have advantages and disadvantages. In this work we study the relationship between the two measures for a class of graphs that are important in quantum gravity applications. We discover that under a specific set of circumstances they are equivalent, opening up the possibility of replacing the more fundamental Ollivier-Ricci curvature by the computationally more accessible Forman-Ricci curvature in certain applications to models of emergent spacetime and quantum gravity.
High-quality Fano resonances and multispectral perfect absorption in mushroom-type dielectric metamaterials with a silver nanofilm
Authors: Li Hongju , Zhang Yu , Qin Meng , Wang Lingling , Chai Yifeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dielectric metamaterials with high refractive index have drawn intensive attention owing to their advantages of confinement and guiding of light in practical photonic devices. Here, we propose a hybrid nanostructure, consisting of mushroom-type dielectric nanoarrays and plasmonic nanofilms, towards the goal of achieving multispectral perfect absorption of light and high-quality Fano resonance. Our studies reveal that the proposed structure indeed possesses the expected properties of light harvest and Fano resonance, which is induced by the coupling between plasmonic and Mie-type resonant modes. Furthermore, the resonant field distributions inside the nanostructure and the effects of modifying the parameters of dielectric nanoarrays on resonant modes are systematically investigated. Our findings of nearly total absorption in silicon and high-quality sensing of the combined system will greatly benefit the applications of solar energy transition and sensors.
Fish scales: Primitive basis for modern metamaterials
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Ali Hessein , Stephen Jeremy , Ghosh Ranajay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScales are a path breaking evolutionary adaptation that accompanied vertebrate evolution for the past 500 million years. Inherently lightweight with diverse shapes, sizes, materials, and distribution, they provide remarkable architecture-material enhancement, typical of metamaterials. Here we provide a perspective on mechanical behavior of fish scale inspired structures and explain the origins of some of their striking mechanical properties that include directional nonlinearity, interlocking behavior, and multiple penetration modes. We outline and explain the progress in understanding the complexities of these structures in global and local deformation modes and conclude by offering future perspectives and challenges.
Magnetic phase transition in the ground-state phase diagram of binary bose gases in optical lattices
Authors: de Forges de Parny Laurent , Rousseau Valéry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigate the ground-state phase diagram of interacting binary Bose gases trapped in two-dimensional optical lattices by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulations reveal a magnetic phase transition from a

ferromagnetic-order to a spin insulator inside the Mott insulating phase with two particles per site for quasi-balanced on-site inter- and intra-particle interactions, i.e.,

. This 3D-XY transition is characterized by the establishment of a finite local magnetic moment along the z-axis, ferromagnetic correlations in the

plane and by counterflow superfluidity inside the Mott phase. When decreasing

, this transition merges with the Mott-superfluid transition and becomes first order. The merging of the two transitions is investigated with respect to the

parameter.