bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID VIA CO-CRYSTALLIZATION TECHNIQUE: A NOVEL ASA-VALINE COCRYSTAL
Authors: H. K. SHANTHALA , H. V. JAYAPRAKASH , RADHAKRISHNA MUNIGANTI , B. H. JASWANTH GOWDA , PAUL KARTHIKA , SHANKAR S. J. , AHMED MOHAMMED GULZAR , A. SANJANA 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) cocrystals using valine as a coformer via a co-crystallization technique to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of ASA.
Methods: The ASA-valine cocrystal (1:1 molar ratio) was prepared using the solvent evaporation technique with ethanol: water (50:50). The cocrystal was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), melting point to confirm the formation of cocrystal. The evaluation of cocrystal was done by drug content determination, solubility and dissolution studies.
Results: The prepared cocrystal was successfully confirmed for the formation of a hydrogen bond. The melting point of prepared cocrystal was decreased compared to pure ASA and valine, which indicated the formation of a new crystalline form. The FT-IR studies showed the formation of a new hydrogen bond by shifting the-O-H,-C=O and-N-H functional groups. SEM studies ensured that the prepared cocrystals were in needle-like appearance. Finally, DSC and PXRD studies were also indicated the successful formation of ASA-valine cocrystal. The drug release of cocrystal was found to be 100% at 60th min. Where in the case of pure ASA and marketed product of ASA exhibited the dissolution rate of 59% and 69% at 60th min respectively.
Conclusion: The co-crystallization technique can be adopted as the best strategy to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class 2 drugs. Therefore the prepared ASA-valine cocrystal can be a greater alternative to increase the solubility and dissolution rate compared with pure and marketed ASA.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR SOLID DISPERSIONS
Authors: MUPPARAJU SUNDEEP , SURYADEVARA VIDYADHARA , DOPPALAPUDI SANDEEP 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The current work mainly focuses on solubility enhancement of dolutegravir which is a BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class-II drug using various excipients.
Methods: Solid dispersions of dolutegravir were prepared by solvent evaporation and fusion methods using carriers like poloxamer-188 and plasdone K-29/32 in different ratios (1:0.5 to 1:3.0). The amount of dolutegravir used was kept constant and the polymer concentrations were increased. Various physical parameters like angle of repose, carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio were calculated for the prepared solid dispersions. They were also evaluated for particle size and drug content uniformity along with in vitro drug release. Characterization studies like Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were also done.
Results: Dolutegravir solid dispersions showed good to excellent flow properties. From in vitro dissolution studies, it was observed that the solid dispersion formulation DF3 containing dolutegravir and poloxamer-188 in 1:1.5 ratios prepared by fusion method showed better dissolution rate when compared with other formulations. The dissolution parameters were also evaluated. DF3 showed a higher drug release of 86.33% in 60 min. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there were no major interactions between drug and excipients. XRD studies revealed the nature of formulations.
Conclusion: The solid dispersions prepared using poloxamer-188 by fusion method has enhanced the solubility of dolutegravir.
Comparative evaluation about the efficacy of the use of variable concentrations of Epinephrine in Tumescent solution for control of bleeding in patients with abdominal liposuction
Authors: Farhadi Mahtab , Khorshidifar Abdolreza , Ghalambor Abdolazim , Bakhshaeekia Alireza 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The use of epinephrine for controlling the blood loss has gained out in many dermatological surgeries; however, its use in liposuction has not been studied. In this regard, we aimed to figure out the effectiveness of using epinephrine in tumescent solution during liposuctions surgery.
Methods: In this study we present a prospective, double-blind, nonrandomized study evaluating the effects of adding epinephrine to tumescent solution intra-operative in patients undergoing liposuction. Thirty-six patients including 6 males and 29 females undergoing liposuction were divided into two groups. In case group we use 1-1.4 mg/L epinephrine (based on the location of surgery) in tumescent solution; and control group did not receive epinephrine. Lab data such as hemoglobin and hematocrit as well as clinical data including blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before, after 1h and 6h of liposuction.
Results: In this study, we observed that both case and control group faced a significant dropped in their hemoglobin and hematocrit; however, the decrement was significant lower in case group. In addition, both groups had a stable hemostasis after 1h and 6h of surgery. In this regard, we did not observe any significant difference between heart rate and blood pressure of two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that using epinephrine as vasoconstriction agent in tumescent solution might decrease the rate of bleeding and increase the chance of stable hemostasis both during and after abdominal liposuction.
Frequency of Dietary Supplements usage in the Saudi Arabian Public and Gym Users
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Raihan , Quraiba Lama , Khames Rahaf Iyad , Alhusseini Noara Khaled , Alsheikh Haifa , Basha Nabel , Mansoor Saad , Omair Aamir 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study is to explore the use of dietary supplements and to assess awareness of its positive/adverse effects among physically active adults and the general population in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey-based study and received 574 responses showing frequencies and types of dietary supplements.
Results: The results show that 44.6% of respondents use dietary supplements. The most used dietary supplements were Vitamin C and multivitamins, consumed by 44% of the respondents, Vitamin D (44%), Iron (41%), and Calcium (39%). Protein sports bars and powder were consumed mainly by gym members, particularly those practicing weight-training exercises. Approximately 4% of respondents reported side-effects secondary to the usage of the dietary supplements. We conclude that the dietary supplement usage is widespread in Saudi Arabia among both gym members and the general public.
Conclusion: It is highly recommended to increase awareness measures from official health entities by educating the general population and physically active adults about dietary supplement use and adverse effects to ensure safe practices.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of N-Chromosome Royal Jelly on the number of peripheral white blood cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bahoush Gholamreza , Pahlevani Rozhin 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study to investigate the immune response blood cells following N-Chromosome RJ administration in patients with childhood ALL.
Methods: This single center before and after 12-weeks clinical trial was done in Ali-Asghar Children Hospital on twenty-six patients diagnosed with ALL during maintenance phase of chemotherapy. After collecting their demographics, patients received a starter dose of 2-gram processed new natural N-chromosome RJ before breakfast and were followed up each 2 weeks, counting their peripheral WBC, ANC and ALC by a blood cell count and differential analysis.
Results: A total of Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study (16 males and 10 females). Mean Peripheral WBC count of total patients were raised significantly after administering N-RJ Being 2510 Â±1192 cells per cubic millimeter at the beginning and then raised to 4549Â±1500 cells per cubic millimeter at the end of trial. (P<0.005) None of patients suffered from any adverse reaction during the trial.
There was a positive statistical relationship between total peripheral WBC, ANC and ALC count and N-Chromosome Royal jelly increased dosage, Being more prominent at the beginning of trial (p<0.001) and the last two weeks of follow-ups. (p<0.0005)
Conclusion: This study has successfully demonstrated that N-chromosome RJ can be a promising immune- enhancing supplement in patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in their complete remission and maintenance therapy time. In addition, it is a natural alternative for drugs like G-CSF, but without those long-term adverse effects, we can see in G-CSF drugs.
Market Response to Audited Internal Control Weakness Disclosures
Authors: Adhikari Subash , Guragai Binod , Seetharaman Ananth 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
To help guard against weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires certain filers to have their ICFR assertions audited. Beneish et al. (2008) show that market participants fail to react negatively to adverse ICFR audit opinions. This is puzzling because weak ICFR heightens the risk of fraud or materially misstated financial statements. Our study reexamines this issue for the time periods covered by Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS2) and Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5). We too find no significant negative market reaction to the disclosure of adverse ICFR audits in the AS2 era. However, we show that markets react negatively for first-time disclosures of adverse ICFR audits after the adoption of AS5. Furthermore, in the AS5 regime, markets seem to differentiate between entity-wide versus account-specific ICFR weaknesses. We also show that correcting previous ineffective ICFR results in a positive market reaction.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.
Human Trafficking
Authors: Verma Nisha , Royce Celeste S 
Published: January 2021

Human sex trafficking, often referred to as modern-day slavery, is a major global human rights problem with at least 4.5 million people trafficked for commercial sex annually. Many of these women interface with the medical system regularly, often in women’s health clinics and the emergency departments. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to be able to identify red flags for human trafficking, to be able to screen effectively, and to know how to connect patients with resources in the community. It is also important for healthcare providers to be aware of the many long-term health effects related to sexual trauma that victims of human trafficking may develop. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of human sex trafficking by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care.

This review contains 4 figures, and 3 tables, and 40 references.
Keywords: Sexual assault, sexual violence, Intimate partner violence, Human trafficking, Rape, Trauma-informed care, Women, Primary Care, Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Obesity in Pregnancy
Authors: Peterson Ashley T. , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of maternal obesity has increased significantly in the United States and throughout the world over the last several decades. In the United States, where obesity has reached epidemic proportions, it is estimated that more than two-thirds of reproductive aged women are overweight or obese. Obesity poses a challenge for the obstetrician, given its association with significant increases in maternal morbidity before, during, and after pregnancy. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for diabetes, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and venous thromboembolic disease, among other complications. Poor pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage and stillbirth, are more common in the setting of maternal obesity. Maternal obesity also appears to impact both fetal brain and metabolic development, in ways that may have critical implications for long-term health outcomes of future generations.
This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 127 references.
Keywords: Pregnancy, obesity, congenital anomaly, cesarean delivery, wound complications, stillbirth, hypertensive disorders, bariatric surgery, diabetes, neurodevelopment
Sexual Dysfunction: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Authors: Buster John E 
Published: January 2021

Healthy female sexual functioning is driven by sexual desire. Sexual desire, traditionally defined as sexual thoughts and fantasies, is a natural life force and an art form affecting all aspects of a woman’s interpersonal and professional life. Virtually, all diagnostic categories of female sexual dysfunction, including arousal disorder, anorgasmia, and sexual pain disorder are linked to, caused by, or aggravated by loss of sexual desire. Decreased sexual desire is a diagnosis (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD) with its own International Classification of Diseases code (F52.0).. Impact is often subtle. HSDD may express as seemingly unrelated emotional disturbances that degrade life quality in family relationships, in the workplace, or both. For some women, it is severely distracting. The diagnosis of HSDD is made when symptoms are sufficient to cause distress. In older women, HSDD is heavily impacted by menopause-associated withdrawal of reproductive hormones, particularly testosterone and estradiol. HSDD greatly improves with transdermal replacement of these steroids. Side effects of transdermal hormones are minimal but response can be gratifying. In premenopausal women, HSDD behaves more as a psychoendocrine disorder that is responsive in some patients to flibanserin, a nonhormonal 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Side effects of flibanserin are significant but manageable.

This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and references.
Key Words: estradiol, flibanserin, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, menopause, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sexual desire, sexuality, testosterone, transdermal, women
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in the Adolescent
Authors: Huhmann Kimberly , Zuckerman Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Heavy menstrual bleeding is a common presenting problem in the adolescent population. The average age of menarche is between 12 and 13 years. The most common reason for heavy menstrual bleeding soon after menarche is from an immature hypothalamic ovarian access, which spontaneously resolves once cycles become ovulatory. However, the broad differential diagnosis for heavy menses in adolescents includes coagulopathy, thyroid disease, sexually transmitted infections, specifically chlamydia, and chronic medical conditions. Von Willebrand disease is the most common bleeding disorder that can present with heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche or shortly after. A thorough history and physical exam with occasional labs needs to be completed and can assist in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding consists of hormonal and nonhormonal options: combination oral contraceptive pills, patches, or rings taken continuously or cyclically; progesterone-only pills; progesterone implants; progesterone intrauterine devices; cyclic tranexamic acid; cyclic aminocaproic acid; and GnRH agonists with add-back therapy.
This review contains 3 tables, and 28 references.
Key Words: adolescent menses, anovulation, bleeding disorder, heavy menstrual bleeding, immature hypothalamic ovarian axis, menarche, treatment of heavy menses, Von Willebrand disease
Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Hepatitis B in Rania Hospitals
Authors: Raouf Ali Zhino , Rasol Ahmed Mohammed , Muhamad Hamad Khalid , Hussen Wsu Zhiar 
Published: January 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide especially for healthcare professionals (HCPs). It is a potentially life-threatening condition because leads to liver infection, and liver cancer. There is a shortage of research on undergraduate students. The main aim of this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of health care professionals regarding HBV at Rania hospitals in the Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period of 20th October 2019 to 16th April 2020. Non- probability purposive sample of (303) HCPs; for data collection, the study instrument was constructed and designed through reading literature, books, and articles which included (42) items. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of stability reliability (test and retest) approach which was estimated as r = (0.83.)The data were collected through the use of the interview technique then organized and coded into computer files. Statistical approaches were uses for data analysis, which includes: descriptive and inferential statistics and chi-square, data analysis (SPSS version 25). The results indicated that the majority of the study samples were in the age group (? 30)) years and the female participants was more than male, three-quarters of the participants were married, most of them were graduated from institute nursing and less than half of HCPs had 6-10 years of employment, but the majority of the participants were not trained at all, and most of them had not immunized against HBV vaccine. Three-quarters of HCPs had moderate knowledge regarding HBV infection. Also, the current study demonstrated a significant association between the educational level and HCP's knowledge regarding HBV, at a P value less than 0.05. on site other hand, there was no significant association between HCP's age, gender, marital status, years of employment, and training course concerning hepatitis with the level of knowledge regarding HBV. The researchers recommended to the ministry of health and directorate of health in Rania city to complete vaccinate against HBV for all HCPs and participating their staff in healthy scientific issues and symposiums.
Международное сотрудничество киберюристов
Authors: Фершт Виктор , Цинь Юйсюань 
Published: January 2021

Международная кибер-медиация является самой востребованной в настоящее время услугой на рынке юридических услуг. Рост кибер атак в интернете, большое количество афер с криптовалютой, фальсификация продуктов, товаров и услуг, продаваемых в интернете, а также воровство денег с кредитных карт и с онлайн счетов интернет пользователей - всё это требует помощи кибер-юристов.
Поскольку Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион является наиболее развитым и самым густонаселённым интернет пространством в мире, рынок услуг интернет медиаторов должен быть наиболее доходным.
Perceived Teachers’ Justice and Perceived Teachers’ Authority
Authors: Čopková Radka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The presented study discusses the issues of teacher’s authority, its building and maintaining in the context of teacher’s justice. The main question to be answered is how high school students perceive teachers as authorities in relation with their perception of teacher’s justice.

Purpose:
The aim of the present article is the identification of the relationship between perceived teachers’ justice and perceived teachers’ authority among Slovak high school students.

Methods:
159 Slovak high school students (120 males and 39 females) have participated in our study. Their average age was 17.2 years. The students have attended 3 kinds of high school - technical (49.7%), services (31.4%), and general (18.9%). Two questionnaires were administrated - Teacher Justice Scale (Dalbert & Maes, 2002) and Measurement for Omnisicient Authority Beliefs (Zhou, 2007). Data were examined by Pearson correlation, t-test and ANOVA.

Results:
The results have shown the significant positive relationship between perceived teachers’ justice and perceived teachers’ authority. No gender differences were identified. There are significant differences in general perceived teacher’s authority among secondary school students depending on their specialization - technical, services and grammar.

Discussion:
Results of the study support previous findings of Cseri (2013) and Gavora (2007) who point out the importance of teachers’ justice in building positive learning environment that support students’motivation to learn.

Limitations:
The proportion of male and female participants was not equal. Also the proportion of participants divided by school specialization was not equal.

Conclusion:
Accessing students fairly is not an easy task for any teacher, since perception of oneself as righteous may differ greatly from the perception of this apparent righteousness by individual students, who naturally dispose interindividual differences. It is extremely important that teachers pay attention to this fact not only at secondary schools but at all levels of the educational system, which is one of the basic pillars of public administration.
The influence of slope aspect on soil moisture
Authors: Varga Csaba , Csiszér Levente 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research, we investigated the variability of soil moisture on two slopes of opposite aspect (a northern slope and a southern slope) but with the same soil type. To identify the spatial disposal of the soil type on both slopes, we georeferenced the paper-based soil map of Sfântu Gheorghe, using the QGIS platform. In order to use the correct slope aspect, we used a numerical model of the terrain (relief). The research plot was soil sampled at the depth of 10 cm on two different dates: on 7 November 2019 and on 3 March 2020, using a Buerkle soil sampler.
Gravimetric method was used to determine the soil moisture values that proved to be the most accurate for our purpose.
The soil moisture values, obtained in weight percentage, were assigned to the coordinates of the sampling points, and soil moisture maps were generated in QGIS for both slopes and for both sampling dates. These maps gave us the opportunity to evaluate the variability in time of the soil moisture distribution on the sample plots.
The water holding capacity of the soils is mostly influenced by their organic C content. So, the total organic carbon content of the soil from the sampling plots was measured using the Tyurin method.