bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of response instructions on situational judgment test performance in operational selection and developmental contexts
Authors: Zhang Charlene , Cullen Michael J. , Sackett Paul R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSusceptibility to faking is a key issue in the operational use of SJTs. We administered an SJT with both knowledge‐based (“should do”) and behavioral (“would do”) response instructions in a low‐stakes developmental context to 946 current medical residents and in a high‐stakes selection context to 275 applicants to medical residency programs. Results indicated that (a) controlling for instruction condition, SJT scores were higher in the selection context and (b) controlling for context, SJT scores were lower in the behavioral instruction condition. However, instruction condition moderated the effect of faking on SJTs in these contexts, such that differences between SJT scores in the “would do” and “should do” instruction conditions were greater in the developmental versus selection context. Implications are discussed.
Perceived Session Quality Scale: What contributes to the quality of synchronous online education?
Authors: Czahajda Radoslaw , Černko Mitja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to construct an instrument to measure participants’ satisfaction with synchronous online education, explore its psychometric properties and explore differences among sessions based on their format and content. The quantitative analyses employed factor analysis in conjunction with item response theory for validation purposes and a (multivariate) analysis of variance with multilevel modelling for comparison purposes (N = 433). The qualitative analysis relied on classical content analysis of 303 open‐question feedback responses classified as Promoters or Detractors. Eight out of 10 questions from the initial item pool were retained for the final scale. In contrast with current knowledge about synchronous online education, interactivity was related to overall perceived session quality the least compared with other aspects included. Qualitative research provided pragmatic insights about the participants’ perspective on session quality and a comprehensive map of potentially relevant factors that could be a meaningful focus of future iterations of research. A relatively small and conceptually homogeneous pool of items prevented the extraction of additional factors due to discriminant validity issues. In future research, a larger and more comprehensive pool of items should be used as a starting point for constructing a scale, and if possible, longitudinal measures of learning transfer included as well. Educators can immediately make use of the practical suggestions in their instructional design, use the Perceived Session Quality Scale as a brief screening instrument to evaluate their sessions, and benchmark their quality in light of percentile scores provided for various types of sessions. The major contributions of this paper are the construction of a short, generalizable, and psychometrically valid tool for (synchronous online) education screening assessment—the Perceived Session Quality Scale—and an empirical mapping of potentially relevant aspects that contribute to perceived session quality.
Emigration, population shrinkage and a rationale for local solutions: Lessons for local governments and NGOs
Authors: Bryer Thomas Andrew , Kalesnikaite Vaiva , Butkeviciene Egle , Vaidelyte Egle , Vaiciuniene Jolanta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmigration and population shrinkage are challenges faced in countries and communities throughout the world. Based on a systematic literature analysis of approximately 600 articles, we examine voluntary emigration through the lens of non‐economic factors, establishing a cohesive and coherent view of the literature landscape across disciplines and enabling discussion of how local governments and non‐governmental organizations might respond to emigration pressures nationally and locally. The factors identified in the literature are set within seven conceptual categories: personal ambition, personal relationships, quality of life, quality of working life, future opportunity, fitness to enter a new society and quality of governance. Focusing on these factors, a set of tools for local government and non‐governmental organization action are proposed to manage emigration‐induced population shrinkage, including citizen participation, strategic planning and management, cross‐sector partnerships and capacity investments in the non‐profit sector.
Fibroblasts as confederates of the immune system
Authors: Correa‐Gallegos Donovan , Jiang Dongsheng , Rinkevich Yuval 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFibroblastic stromal cells are as diverse, in origin and function, as the niches they fashion in the mammalian body. This cellular variety impacts the spectrum of responses elicited by the immune system. Fibroblast influence on the immune system keeps evolving our perspective on fibroblast roles and functions beyond just a passive structural part of organs. This review discusses the foundations of fibroblastic stromal‐immune crosstalk, under the scope of stromal heterogeneity as a basis for tissue‐specific tutoring of the immune system. Focusing on the skin as a relevant immunological organ, we detail the complex interactions between distinct fibroblast populations and immune cells that occur during homeostasis, injury repair, scarring, and disease. We further review the relevance of fibroblastic stromal cell heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity is central to regulate the immune system from its inception during embryonic development into adulthood.
Momentary borderline personality disorder symptoms in youth as a function of parental invalidation and youth‐perceived support
Authors: Vanwoerden Salome , Byrd Amy L. , Vine Vera , Beeney Joseph E. , Scott Lori N. , Stepp Stephanie D. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundParental invalidation is central to etiological models of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous studies relied on retrospective accounts or laboratory observations to examine these associations. There is a dearth of research assessing these constructs in daily life, and limited studies have tested the effect of parental invalidation on BPD symptoms during early adolescence, when BPD onsets. The current study took a dynamic approach to assess parents’ validating and invalidating behavior and its effect on youths’ BPD symptom expression in daily life, while accounting for parent‐perceived helpfulness of these behaviors and youth‐perceived support.MethodsA psychiatric sample of 162 early adolescents (age range = 10–14 years; 47% female) and their parent completed a four‐day ecological momentary assessment study. Parents reported on the use of validating and invalidating (e.g. punishing and ignoring) behaviors during parent–child conflict, as well as perceived helpfulness of these behaviors. Youth reported on their BPD symptoms and perceived parental support. Multilevel models were used to test the between‐ and within‐person effects of parents’ validating and invalidating behaviors, parent‐perceived helpfulness and youth‐perceived support, and their interaction on youth’s momentary expression of BPD symptoms.ResultsAt the between‐person level, invalidating behaviors, specifically punishing behaviors, were related to greater BPD symptoms in daily life, while ignoring behaviors were associated with fewer BPD symptoms. Youth‐perceived support predicted fewer BPD symptoms.ConclusionsResults underscore the importance of parental invalidation for the expression of BPD symptoms in daily life and also highlight the importance of youth’s subjective experience of parental support. Findings are discussed in terms of etiological and intervention models that emphasize a dyadic framework.
Individual differences in white matter of the uncinate fasciculus and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus: possible early biomarkers for callous‐unemotional behaviors in young children with disruptive behavior problems
Authors: Graziano Paulo A. , Garic Dea , Dick Anthony Steven 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCallous‐unemotional (CU) behaviors are important for identifying severe patterns of conduct problems (CP). One major fiber tract implicated in the development of CP is the uncinate fasciculus (UF), which connects amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The goals of the current study were to (a) explore differences in the white matter microstructure in the UF and other major fiber tracks between young typically developing (TD) children and those with a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and (b) explore, within the DBD group, whether individual differences in these white matter tracts relate to co‐occurring CP and CU behaviors.MethodsParticipants included 198 young children (69% boys, Mage = 5.66 years; 80% Latinx; 48.5% TD). CU behaviors and CP were measured via a combination of teacher/parent ratings. Non‐invasive diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) was used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), an indirect indicator of white matter properties.ResultsRelative to TD children, children in the DBD group had reduced FA on four out of the five fiber tracks we examined (except for cingulum and right ILF), even after accounting for whole brain FA, sex, movement, parental income, and IQ. Within the DBD group, no associations were found between CP and reduced white matter integrity across any of the fiber tracks examined. However, we found that even after accounting for CP, ADHD symptomology, and a host of covariates (whole brain FA, sex, movement, parental income, and IQ), CU behaviors were independently related to reduced FA in bilateral UF and left inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in the DBD group, but this was not the case for TD children.ConclusionsAlterations in the white matter microstructure within bilateral UF and left IFOF may be biomarkers of CU behaviors, even in very young children.
Effectiveness and safety of apremilast in biologic‐naïve patients with moderate psoriasis treated in routine clinical practice in Greece: the APRAISAL study
Authors: Ioannides D. , Antonakopoulos N. , Georgiou S. , Chasapi V. , Katsantonis I. , Drosos A. , Rigopoulos D. , Antoniou C. , Anastasiadis G. , Bassukas I. , Ioannidou D. , Protopapa A. , Neofotistou O. , Krasagakis K. , Aronis P. , Papageorgiou M. , Lazaridou E. , Patsatsi A. , Lefaki I. , Roussaki‐Schulze A.V. , Satra F. , Anagnostopoulos Z. , Papakonstantis M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundApremilast is an oral phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor indicated for patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis and active psoriatic arthritis.ObjectivesTo examine the effectiveness of apremilast on Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and nail, scalp and palmoplantar involvement, when administered prior to biologics.MethodsThis 52‐week real‐world study included biologic‐naive adults with moderate psoriasis (psoriasis‐involved body surface area 10% to <20%, or PASI 10 to <20 and DLQI 10 to <20). Apremilast was initiated ≤7 days before enrolment. Data from the first 100 eligible patients who completed 24 weeks (W24) of observation (or were prematurely withdrawn) are presented in this interim analysis using the last‐observation‐carried‐forward imputation method.ResultsEligible patients (mean age: 49.9 years; 71.0% males; median disease duration: 8.0 years) were consecutively enrolled between April and October 2017, by 18 dermatology specialists practising in hospital outpatient settings in Greece. Baseline DLQI (median: 12.0) and PASI (median: 11.7) scores improved (P < 0.001) at all postbaseline timepoints (Weeks 6, 16 and 24; W24 median decreases: 9.0 and 9.4 points respectively). At W24, DLQI ≤5, DLQI 0 or 1, and PASI‐75 response rates were 63.0%, 25.0% and 48.0% respectively. The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index score in patients with baseline nail involvement (n = 57) decreased at all postbaseline timepoints (P < 0.001; W24 median decrease: 20.0 points). At W24, 50.0% and 51.7% of patients with baseline scalp (n = 76) and palmoplantar (n = 29) involvement respectively achieved postbaseline Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) score of 0 or 1 if baseline score was ≥3, or 0 if baseline score was 1 or 2. The adverse drug reaction rate was 21.0% (serious: 2.0%).ConclusionsThese interim results indicate that through 24 weeks, apremilast improved quality of life and reduced disease severity in biologic‐naive patients with moderate plaque psoriasis, while demonstrating safety consistent with the known safety profile.
Emergence of breeding tubercles and puberty onset in male zebrafish: evidence for a dependence on body growth
Authors: Dai Xiangyan , Pu Deyong , Wang Liping , Cheng Xinkai , Liu Xiaoqin , Yin Zhan , Wang Zhijian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe presence of breeding tubercles (BTs) on the pectoral fins has been investigated as a typical male secondary sexual characteristic (SSC) that distinguish males from females in adult zebrafish. Nonetheless, the earliest occurrence of these tubercles and its association with puberty onset and body growth remain unclear. In this study, using morphological, histological and statistical analyses, the authors examined the first appearance of BTs and puberty onset in male zebrafish, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of body growth on them. The results of this study revealed that BTs distributed along the first five branched pectoral fin rays were the earliest manifestation of male SSCs, which is significantly strongly correlated with body weight (R2 = 0.9609, P < 0.001), and could be used as a “gold standard” for the earliest sex distinction (<0.1 g in weight). Using the first appearance of BTs (<0.20 mm2) as a metric, the authors established that male puberty commenced at a body weight of c. 0.056 ± 0.015 g or a standard length of 10.99 ± 1.051 mm (mean ± S.D.). In this study, the authors thus established a simple method that can be used to sex live zebrafish at the pubertal stage and provides the first evidence for the relationship of BTs and male puberty initiation with body growth. These findings will accordingly lay a foundation for exploring mechanisms of the SSCs and male puberty onset in zebrafish and other teleost fish.
China is facing serious experimental monkey shortage during the COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Tian Chao‐Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis report aims to analyze the experimental monkey shortage generated by the COVID‐19 lockdown. The supply capability of the monkey breeding farms is insufficient to meet demand, and the sales prices have skyrocketed since 2018. The contradiction will be further aggravated with import prohibition although the countermeasures suggested.
Monopolar radiofrequency for reposing drooping fat planes and facial rejuvenation: A prospective study on 30 subjects towards true antiaging
Authors: Garg Suruchi , Vashisht Kanya Rani , Sushruth P. Ram , Saka Deepa V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMonopolar radiofrequency (MRF) for facial rejuvenation works by diffusely heating the dermis and subdermal fibro‐septal network. Immediate collagen contraction and long‐term neo‐collagenesis produce antiaging effects.AimTo lift and repose drooping fat planes along their vectors of descent to restore natural, youthful contours using MRF and to objectively measure, quantify, and analyze the antiaging effects of MRF on the backdrop of functional facial anatomy.MethodsThis was a prospective study on 30 subjects aged 25–65 years who underwent three sessions of MRF (Exilis, BTL Aesthetics) with a modified protocol at weekly intervals. Clinical evaluation at baseline and 4 weeks after the final session was done according to the global drooping and wrinkles classification and scoring system (GDWCSS) and statistically evaluated. Two patients were analyzed with Ultrasound and Vectra‐H1 imaging for change in subcutaneous fat depth and volume over different facial areas, respectively.ResultsThere was improvement in all parameters (volume alteration and wrinkles) of the GDWCSS, of which improvement in cases that had baseline severe (grade‐4) temporal fat loss, malar fat loss, periorbital hollowing, and puffiness was statistically significant. The results of imaging supported the clinical findings.ConclusionMonopolar radiofrequency targets facial collagen as deep as the facial fat, thereby achieving “reversal” of the grooves and bulges of aging with volume re‐distribution and favorable “remolding” of fat pads. The result is simultaneous skin tightening, lifting and contouring in manner that is natural, regenerative, and corrective. Given its versatility, efficacy, safety, and tolerability, it is emerging as a power‐player in the dermatologist's antiaging armamentarium.
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy associated with post‐radiotherapy vesicointestinal fistula following cervical cancer
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Okumura Keiko , Suzuki Shoji , Matsuyama Aika , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Hattori Ryohei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe majority of hyperammonemic encephalopathy is due to liver cirrhosis. However, urinary tract infection caused by urease‐producing bacteria increases ammonia in urine and can lead to hyperammonemic encephalopathy, especially in cases with obstructive uropathy and vesicointestinal fistula. This is the first case report of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a cervical cancer patient associated with postradiotherapy vesicointestinal fistula. A 52‐year‐old woman developed diarrhea due to vesicosigmoidal fistula 14 years after radical hysterectomy and radiotherapy to treat cervical cancer. She refused urinary and/or fecal diversion. Twelve months after the diagnosis of fistula, she was admitted due to somnolence. Blood examination showed hyperammonemia without liver dysfunction. Urine culture showed Proteus rettgeri and Klebsiella pneumoniae. She recovered after intravenous antibiotics. Eight months after recovery, she was readmitted due to somnolence reoccurring with failed intravenous, but successful oral antibiotic treatment. She finally agreed to undergo percutaneous nephrostomy and hyperammonemia never recurred during 7 years of follow‐up.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Osteoclast profile in comparison with osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and osteomyelitis of the jaw
Authors: Ngoc Thuy Tran Vy , Chaisuparat Risa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a pathology condition of jaw bone caused by a side effect of medications prescribed for skeletal disease. The mechanism of MRONJ is still unknown now. Osteoclasts are cells directly influenced by the medication and the modification in cells metabolisms by the drugs lead to MRONJ. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the osteoclasts morphology, quantity, and comparing with other necrotic diseases.MethodsThirty‐eight (38) subjects, including cases with MRONJ (n = 11), osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (n = 9), osteomyelitis of the jaw (n = 9), and normal jaw bone (n = 9), were studied. Hematoxylin‐and‐eosin‐stained slides of these diagnosed cases were used to evaluate osteoclasts’ characteristics. Immunohistochemistry of TRAP was performed to observed the function of osteoclasts. These characteristics of osteoclasts were also evaluated in the relationship with the histological features using regression analysis.ResultsThe results showed that osteoclasts in MRONJ enhance activity by increasing the size and the quantity (p < 0.05). The presence of osteoblasts, inflammatory cells, and bacterial colonies showed a strong correlation with the change in morphology and the number of osteoclasts (p < 0.05). However, the TRAP‐positive mean number and the TRAP intensity of osteoclasts in MRONJ did not show a significant difference with those in other groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, osteoclasts in MRONJ increase the number and become bigger with multi‐nuclei which might relate to the presence of osteoblasts, inflammation, and microorganisms. This finding supports the idea osteoclasts might be the main key to investigate MRONJ.
Nutritional evaluation of commercial dry dog foods available on the Czech market
Authors: Stercova Eva , Strakova Eva , Tsponova Jana , Grmelova Michaela , Janacova Karolina , Muchova Katerina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of the quality of commercial diets is a topic of interest to dog owners and veterinarians. The aims of the study were to determine proximate analysis, metabolizable energy and some amino acids in dry dog diets for different ages, divided into three groups G1 (low price, grains included), G2 (medium price, grains included) and G3 (high price, grain‐free). The hypothesis was tested that there are significant differences in the analysed values between dry dog diets from different price categories and between grain‐free and grain‐containing diets. Furthermore, the analysed values were compared with AAFCO and FEDIAF recommendations and with label values guaranteed by manufacturers to see whether there are any deviations. We analysed 60 samples of complete dry dog diets purchased in the Czech Republic, using the standard AOAC methods of proximate analysis. Metabolizable energy was calculated using the NRC equation, and 30 samples were analysed for selected amino acids. The results showed that there are significant differences in protein and amino acid contents between grain‐free (G3) and grain‐containing (G1,2) dog diets. G3 diets had significantly (p < 0.01) higher crude protein and essential amino acid contents. No significant differences were found between grain‐containing diets G1 and G2. The results may indicate a higher proportion of animal components and a lower content of carbohydrates in G3 diets. Most of the tested dog diets met the AAFCO and FEDIAF recommendations. There were only a few deviations in threonine in G1 and G2 diets for growing dogs.
Trophic niche and home range of an insular pit viper following loss of food resources
Authors: Sandfoss M. R. , McCue M. D. , Lillywhite H. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigations of the response of wild populations to natural ecological disturbances can provide insights into the ability of animals to respond to ever‐increasing and intensifying stressors. Seahorse Key is a continental island in the Gulf of Mexico that has been an important rookery site for several species of colonially nesting waterbirds. Resident cottonmouth snakes, Agkistrodon conanti, feed heavily on fish carrion provided by nesting waterbirds. Unexpectedly in 2015, the entire waterbird colony abandoned Seahorse Key and has not returned since. We used stable isotopes and radio‐telemetry to test hypotheses related to the response of the trophic niche and size of home range of insular cottonmouths following the loss of bird‐provided food resources. We found that stable isotope values of carbon (δ13C) decreased while nitrogen (δ15N) values increased between the pre‐ (n = 188) and post‐abandonment (n = 48) periods. The observed changes in stable isotope values correspond to a reduction in feeding on marine fish to terrestrially derived food resources and were also affected by body size and age class. Home range calculated from snakes tracked using radio‐telemetry showed no significant changes between pre‐ and post‐abandonment periods. These data corroborate earlier studies to indicate that cottonmouths on Seahorse Key have not effectively compensated for sudden substantial loss of food resources. This insight has implications for the conservation and management of populations with episodic components of food webs, especially in relation to ecological disturbance.