bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new analytic procedure to determine hypocentral parameters of local seismic events
Authors: Caccamo D. , Neri G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new procedure for locating local earthquakes is proposed.Essentially, this procedure consists in solving—by means of least-squares technique—a system of equations which is formally analogous to that of Geiger (Ax = b) but different from his in the values of the matrix A and vector b elements. This difference makes our procedure more reliable than Geiger's because it significantly reduces the cases of both iterative process divergence and low precision. Among the factors contributing to this progress the lesser possibility that the matrix A contains columns proportional (or nearly proportional) one to another is considered of particular influence.More than 20,000 hypocentral calculations have been performed on simulated shocks: significant differences in the number of good locations were revealed between our procedure and the classical method of Geiger (1910). Ours is more precise, particularly when few stations were used or networks with an unsatisfactory geometry. The earth model also influences the observed differences as it contributes to generating those analytical conditions which make the calculation convergence more problematic when applying Geiger's method.Further applications are currently carried out in order to verify the procedure features for velocity laws and station configuration different from those used in this study.
Elastic wave calculations by the Fourier method
Authors: Kosloff Dan , Reshef Moshe , Loewenthal Dan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We introduce a two-dimensional forward modeling algorithim based on a Fourier method. In order to be able to handle the free surface boundary condition with the Fourier method, a new set of wave equations are derived which contain the stresses as unknowns instead of the displacements. The solution algorithm includes a discretization in both space and time. Spatial derivatives are approximated with the use of the Fast Fourier Transform, whereas temporal derivatives are calculated with second order differencing. The numerical method is tested against the analytic solution for Lamb's problem in two dimensions.
First noise and teleseismic recordings on a new ocean bottom seismometer capsule
Authors: Prothero William A. , Schaecher William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn ocean bottom seismometer capsule designed specifically for the long-term monitoring of teleseisms has been designed and tested. An efficient triggering algorithm consisting of multiple high-pass filters effectively discriminates between locally generated earthquakes and noise, and teleseisms. During a 1-month deep ocean deployment west of the Santa Barbara Channel, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake at a distance of 76° was recorded, in addition to a number of regional events in the 300- to 450-km range. Noise levels were monitored by automatically recording data at intervals. Vertical noise levels were approximately 20 times greater than those recorded at quiet land sites, and horizontal noise levels were about 5 times greater than that. The instrument consists of a microprocessor-controlled data logging system in three parallel pressure tubes, joined by a common baseplate. Wires between the three tubes are contained within the baseplate. There are no external connectors which are exposed to sea water, allowing the deployment time to extend to 1 yr. Data are recorded on two Braemar cassette recorders with a capacity of 15 Mbits each, for a continuous recording time of approximately 43 hr. This is adequate for the expected data acquisition rate, given the robustness of the triggering algorithm. The sensors are Mark Products L4-C 1-Hz seismometers with useful extended low-frequency response to about 30-sec periods for earthquake signals. The three components are leveled with a mechanical gimbal arrangement. The instrument has been successfully deployed 3 times in the Santa Barbara Channel and deep ocean, and should prove extremely useful for extending teleseismic studies into the ocean.
Theoretical investigation of scattering phenomena inside wedge caused by incidence of Rayleigh wave
Authors: Takeuchi Shozaburo , Fujii Kazunari , Nakano Masayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA theoretical analysis is performed on the behaviors of the internal scattered wave in the case where a two-dimensional plane Rayleigh wave is incident to an acute- or obtuse-angled wedge. By using the theory in our preceding research (1984), the distributions of energy densities and lines of constant phase of scattered wave are obtained inside the wedge when its angle of corner ranges from 71° to 109°. Momoi's conception (1980) of generation process of reflected and transmitted Rayleigh waves is applied to the above numerically calculated results, by which the complicated variations of reflection and transmission coefficients with wedge angle could be explained to some extent.
Average body-wave radiation coefficients
Authors: Boore David M. , Boatwright John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAverages of P- and S-wave radiation patterns over all azimuths and various ranges of takeoff angles (corresponding to observations at teleseismic, regional, and near distances) have been computed for use in seismological applications requiring average radiation coefficients. Various fault orientations and averages of the squared, absolute, and logarithmic radiation patterns have been considered. Effective radiation patterns combining high-frequency direct and surfacere-flected waves from shallow faults have also been derived and used in the computation of average radiation coefficients at teleseismic distances.In most cases, the radiation coefficients are within a factor of 1.6 of the commonly used values of 0.52 and 0.63 for the rms of P- and S-wave radiation patterns, respectively, averaged over the whole focal sphere. The main exceptions to this conclusion are the coefficients for P waves at teleseismic distances from vertical strike-slip faults, which are at least a factor of 2.8 smaller than the commonly used value.
A note on the use of random vibration theory to predict peak amplitudes of transient signals
Authors: Boore David M. , Joyner William B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Random vibration theory offers an elegant and efficient way of predicting peak motions from a knowledge of the spectra of radiated energy. One limitation to applications in seismology is the assumption of stationarity used in the derivation of standard random vibration theory. This note provides a scheme that allows the standard theory to be applied to the transient signals common in seismology. This scheme is particularly necessary for predictions of peak response of long-period oscillators driven by short-duration ground motions.
Aftershocks of anM= 4.2 earthquake in Hawaii and comparison with long-term studies of the same volume
Authors: Savage Martha Kane , Meyer Robert P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudy of the aftershocks recorded in a 3-hr period after a 4.2 magnitude event on the East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, on 12 April 1982 shows that the aftershocks occurred on different planes than the main shock, probably as a result of stress redistribution; the aftershock locations are probably controlled by preexisting structures. This study also suggests that these relatively small aftershocks occurred in the same seismicity patterns as larger events recorded in the same volume over a period of 10 yr. Slips on most of the aftershocks and the main shock are in the same direction, perpendicular to the East Rift Zone, as has been found in studies of other, larger earthquakes. However, fault-plane solutions varied more, as did the tensional axes, and several of the smaller events showed movement in the opposite direction from the main shock and the rest of the aftershocks, suggesting some rebound was occurring near the edges of the aftershock zone. Because ten times as much energy was released in the aftershocks in a narrow linear region as elsewhere, and since the main shock epicenter was oceanward of all the aftershocks, we suggest that rupture began at the main shock hypocenter and propagated landward, implying an almost “one-dimensional” fault.For the aftershocks, the relationship between moment and magnitude was: log M0 = (1.18 ± 0.17) ML + (17.3 ± 0.17). Differences in amplification lead to site differences of up to 0.8 units in local magnitude and 1.5 orders of magnitude in energy release. These correlated somewhat with station time corrections in that the stations with the longest delay times also had greatest amplification.
Alimentação escolar e agricultura familiar: limitações e potencialidades de sua operacionalização no nordeste paraense
Authors: Pereira da Silva Isameriliam Rosaulem , Frazão Andréa das Graças Ferreira , Dias Ivanira Amaral , Santos da Silva Marcos Valério , Dutra Claudia Daniele Tavares , Leão Paula Valente , Andrade Marcieni Ataíde 
Published: July 2021

Com a Lei Nº 11.947 de 2009, tornou-se obrigatório à aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar destinado ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), utilizando no mínimo 30% do recurso repassado pelo governo federal. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou descrever as perspectivas, dificuldades e oportunidades de agricultores familiares de dois municípios do Estado do Pará, na execução do PNAE. As metodologias utilizadas basearam-se na análise documental das Chamadas Públicas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito agricultores participantes. Os resultados mostraram que em um dos municípios o chamamento público ocorreu em divergência com a Lei. As principais dificuldades estavam relacionadas às questões de logística de distribuição e articulação entre os atores envolvidos na execução do programa. Como oportunidades foram relatadas o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e a garantia de alimentação saudável nas escolas. Foi evidenciado a necessidade de maior visibilidade desse seguimento e seu fortalecimento na participação de políticas públicas como PNAE. Palavras chavesPolíticas públicas; Produção de Alimentos; Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Atribuições do nutricionista no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Leão Paula Valente , Cabral Bianca Da Conceição , Dias Ivanira Amaral , Carneiro Luisa Margareth Araújo , Frazão Andréa das Graças Ferreira 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer a atuação dos nutricionistas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em municípios do estado do Pará com ênfase nas atribuições obrigatórias associadas com o maior e/ou menor tempo de atuação no Programa. Estudo transversal, com amostra por conveniência. Aplicou-se aos nutricionistas questionários semiestruturados com questões sociodemográficas e sobre a atuação profissional. A Resolução 465/2010 do Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas foi utilizada para análise da execução das atribuições obrigatórias. Para verificar possíveis associações foram aplicados o teste Qui-quadrado e o teste G, com significância de 5%. Participaram 44 nutricionistas, a maioria mulheres (93,2%), faixa etária de 25 a 34 anos (52,3%), com tempo de atuação na alimentação escolar entre 1 a <5 anos (70,5%,). Houve diferença significativa para algumas atividades associadas ao maior tempo de atuação. A maioria dos profissionais não realizou todas as atividades obrigatórias estabelecidas pela Resolução CFN nº 465/2010, independente do tempo de atuação. Palavras-chaveSegurança Alimentar e Nutricional; Política Pública; Área de Atuação Profissional.
Quantum transport in zigzag graphene nanoribbon decorated with a phenanthrene molecule
Authors: Jiang Bo , Chen Qing-Yuan , Luo Jinlong , Zhao Yifen , Jin GuoJun , Yang Hai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By using the first principles calculations which combine density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function, we investigate the nanoscopic quantum transport of three hybrid structures consisting of a phenanthrene (PHE) molecule and a zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR). It is found that after decorated with the PHE molecule, the ZGNRs with the odd (even) zigzag carbon chains show the conductance reduction (enhancement), respectively. With the increase of the number of carbon chains, this odd-even difference will disappear. Moreover, negative differential resistance behavior can also be found in the hybrid structures consisting of the PHE molecule and the antisymmetric ZGNR. Finally, the differential conductance, transmission spectra, and molecular projection self-consistent Hamiltonian are used to explain the physical mechanism clearly. Accordingly, the proposed structures could have broad applications in the design of molecular nanodevices.
Iterative Learning Control for Fractional order Nonlinear System with Initial Shift
Authors: Fengyu Zhou , Yugang Wang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, a closed-loop Dα -type iterative learning control(ILC) with a proportional D-type iterative learning updating law for the initial shift is applied to nonlinear conformable fractional system. First, the system with the initial shift is introduced. Then, fractional-order ILC (FOILC) frameworks that experience the initial shift problem for the path-tracking of nonlinear conformable fractional order systems are addressed. Moreover, the sufficient condition for the convergence of tracking errors is obtained in the time domain by introducing λ -norm and Hölder’s inequality. Lastly, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Single-center Experience with Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surgical Site Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ostaszewska Agata , Domagala Piotr , Zawistowski Michał , Karpeta Edyta , Wszola Michal , Kosieradzki Maciej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Infections in kidney transplant recipients are particularly challenging owing to the immunosuppressive treatment, usually long history of chronic illness, comorbidities and prior exposures to antibiotics. Among the most common complications early after surgery are surgical site infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and evaluate epidemiological data regarding surgical site infections. Moreover, we were able to compare the current results with historical data from our institution when different perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was practiced.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in a group of 254 deceased donor renal graft recipients transplanted in a single Central European institution. We evaluated epidemiological findings and resistance patterns of pathogens causing surgical site infections. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine risk factors for surgical site infections.Results: We revealed no differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without surgical site infections. Ten surgical site infections (3.9%) were diagnosed (six superficial incisional, two deep incisional, and two organ/space). Eight species (19 strains) were identified, most of which were multi-drug resistant (63%). The most common was extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (26%). We showed that statistically significant differences were present between reoperated and non-reoperated patients (adjusted odds ratio: 6.963, 95% confidence interval: 1.523-31.842, P = .012).Conclusions: Reoperation is an individual risk factor for surgical site infection after kidney transplantation. According to our experience, cefazolin-based prophylaxis can be safe and is associated with relatively low prevalence of surgical site infections.
Effect of Fungal Endophytes on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Trifolium Subterraneum and Poa Pratensis as Affected by Plant Host Specificity
Authors: García-Latorre Carlos , Rodrigo Sara , Santamaria Oscar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The introduction of well-adapted species, such as Trifolium subterraneum and Poa pratensis, might enhance the forage yield and quality of dehesas pastures for feeding livestock. However, the climatic hardness and poor soils in these agrosystems may limit plant establishment and development. Since fungal endophytes have been found to alleviate the environmental stresses of their host, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of five isolates on forage yield, nutritive value and plant mineral uptake after their inoculation in the two above-mentioned plant species. Two experiments were established (under greenhouse and field conditions) using plants inoculated with two isolates in 2012/2013 (Epicoccum nigrum, Sporormiella intermedia) and three isolates in 2013/2014 (Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium equiseti, Byssochlamys spectabilis). Thus, F. equiseti (E346) increased the herbage yield of T. subterraneum under greenhouse conditions, B. spectabilis was found to improve the forage quality of T. subterraneum by reducing fibre content and of P. pratensis by increasing crude protein. Also, S. intermedia increased the mineral uptake of Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, Tl and Zn in subclover and M. hiemalis, the uptake of K and Sr in Kentucky bluegrass. These results evidenced the potential of the studied fungal endophytes to enhance herbage yield and the forage nutritional value, although further studies should include all of the intended forage species as certain host specificity in the effect was observed.
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma of the Sublingual Gland in an Adult: Resection is the Key.
Authors: Chowdhary Stuti , Sekar Raghul , Saxena Sunil Kumar , Badhe Bhawana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Kaposiform haemangioendotheliomas (KHE) are extremely rare, borderline malignant, locally aggressive vascular tumours. Although more commonly seen in childhood and adolescents, some very rare reports in adults do exist. KHE is usually found in the retroperitoneum, over the extremities and the soft tissues of the trunk, mediastinum and the head and neck regions. Prior published reports have shown a strong association with the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). We present a very rare case of KHE of the sublingual gland in an adult, which was not associated with KMP and was resected completely without any sequelae. Case report: A 42-year-old female presented with a painful swelling over the floor of the mouth on the right for a year. Clinical examination revealed a bi-digitally palpable, non-transilluminant lesion on the right side of the lingual frenulum. Radiological investigations suggested the possibility of a benign soft tissue tumour arising from the sublingual gland. The patient underwent an intraoral excision of the lesion. The biopsy revealed spindle-shaped tumour cells in fascicles, surrounded by vascular spaces, suggestive of a KHE. The patient was offered radiation therapy, which she declined and continued to be on follow-up for two years. She remains symptom-free to date.Conclusion: Excision of a KHE of the floor of the mouth proved to be sufficient, without the evidence of any residual lesion or progression of symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, our case represents the first reported case in the literature of a KHE arising from the salivary glands in an adult.
Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Strains from Maize Silks against Fusarium Verticillioides
Authors: Diniz Gisele de Fátima Dias , Cota Luciano Viana , Figueiredo José Edson Fontes , Aguiar Frederick Mendes , Silva Dagma Dionisia da , Lana Ubiraci Gomes de Paula , Santos Vera Lucia dos , Marriel Ivanildo Evodio , Paiva Christiane Abreu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is pathogenic to maize and mycotoxin-producer, causing yield losses, feed and food contamination, and risks to human and animal health. Endophytic (ISD04 and IPR45) and epiphytic (CT02 and IM14) bacteria from maize silks were tested in vitro and greenhouse against F. verticillioides and for hydrolytic enzyme production (cellulase, pectinase, protease, lipase, and chitinase). The strains were assigned as Achromobacter xylosoxidans (ISD04), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IPR45), and Bacillus velezensis (CT02 and IM14) by 16S gene sequencing. All strains showed antifungal activity in vitro with inhibition values from 58.5–100%; they changed hyphae morphology and inhibited the conidial germination by up to 100% (IPR45). The four strains produced at least one enzyme with antifungal activity. The microbiolized seeds reduced the fungal development in stored grains and stalk rot severity in the greenhouse by 72.6% (ISD04). These results highlight the potential of these strains as biocontrol agents against F. verticillioides
Prognostic Nomogram for Death from Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-HIV- and HIV- Infected Patients
Authors: Feng Qiuyue , Hao Jingjing , Li Ang , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Many risk factors for poor prognosis have been reported, but few studies have created predictive models with these variables to calculate the death rate accurately. This study created nomogram models for the precise prediction of mortality risk in non-human immunodeficiency virus (NHIV)- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).Methods: A retrospective study was performed over a 10-year period to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of NHIV-PJP at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and HIV-PJP at Beijing Ditan Hospital in China from 2010 to 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen out mortality risk factors to create the nomograms. Nomogram models were evaluated by using a bootstrapped concordance index, calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: A total of 167 NHIV-PJP patients and 193 HIV-PJP patients were included in the study. Pneumothorax, febrile days after admission, CD4+ T cells ≤100/µl and sulfa combined with caspofungin (CAS) treatment were identified as independent risk factors for death that could be combined to accurately predict mortality risk in NHIV-PJP patients. We created a nomogram for mortality by using these variables. The area under the curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.799-0.931). The nomogram had a C-index of 0.865 and was well calibrated. The independent risk factors for death in HIV-PJP patients included in the nomogram were pneumothorax, platelet (PLT) ≤80×109/L, haemoglobin (HGB) ≤90 g/L, albumin (ALB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection and sulfa combined with CAS treatment. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.904 and excellent calibration. The area under the curve was 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.850-0.970).Conclusions: Our nomograms were useful tools for the precise prediction of mortality in NHIV-PJP and HIV-PJP patients.