bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior Mediastinal Lesion Segmentation Based on Two-Stage 3D ResUNet With Attention Gates and Lung Segmentation
Authors: Huang Su , Han Xiaowei , Fan Jingfan , Chen Jing , Du Lei , Gao Wenwen , Liu Bing , Chen Yue , Liu Xiuxiu , Wang Yige , Ai Danni , Ma Guolin , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesAnterior mediastinal disease is a common disease in the chest. Computed tomography (CT), as an important imaging technology, is widely used in the diagnosis of mediastinal diseases. Doctors find it difficult to distinguish lesions in CT images because of image artifact, intensity inhomogeneity, and their similarity with other tissues. Direct segmentation of lesions can provide doctors a method to better subtract the features of the lesions, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosis.MethodAs the trend of image processing technology, deep learning is more accurate in image segmentation than traditional methods. We employ a two-stage 3D ResUNet network combined with lung segmentation to segment CT images. Given that the mediastinum is between the two lungs, the original image is clipped through the lung mask to remove some noises that may affect the segmentation of the lesion. To capture the feature of the lesions, we design a two-stage network structure. In the first stage, the features of the lesion are learned from the low-resolution downsampled image, and the segmentation results under a rough scale are obtained. The results are concatenated with the original image and encoded into the second stage to capture more accurate segmentation information from the image. In addition, attention gates are introduced in the upsampling of the network, and these gates can focus on the lesion and play a role in filtering the features. The proposed method has achieved good results in the segmentation of the anterior mediastinal.ResultsThe proposed method was verified on 230 patients, and the anterior mediastinal lesions were well segmented. The average Dice coefficient reached 87.73%. Compared with the model without lung segmentation, the model with lung segmentation greatly improved the accuracy of lesion segmentation by approximately 9%. The addition of attention gates slightly improved the segmentation accuracy.ConclusionThe proposed automatic segmentation method has achieved good results in clinical data. In clinical application, automatic segmentation of lesions can assist doctors in the diagnosis of diseases and may facilitate the automated diagnosis of illnesses in the future.
Inhaled Antibiotics for the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children With a Tracheostomy
Authors: Jutras Camille , Autmizguine Julie , Chomton Maryline , Marquis Christopher , Nguyen The Thanh-Diem , Roumeliotis Nadia , Emeriaud Guillaume 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To describe the use of prophylactic inhaled antibiotics in children with a tracheostomy and assess if its use is associated with a reduction in exposition to broad-spectrum antibiotics and a lower risk of acquired respiratory tract infections.Methods: A case series study was performed in a tertiary care university affiliated hospital. All consecutive children (&lt;18 years old) with a tracheostomy, hospitalized between January 2004 and November 2016, and treated with prophylactic inhaled antibiotics were identified. We analyzed the 3 month- period before and after initiation of prophylactic inhaled antibiotics and described exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, the number of respiratory tract infections and the associated adverse events.Results: Six children (median age: 11 months, range: 8–100) were included. One received colimycin, 3 received tobramycin and 2 were treated with both antibiotics in alternance. The median duration of treatment was 74 days (22–173) with one patient still being treated at the end of the study. Patients were exposed to systemic antibiotics for 18 days (2–49) in the 3 months preceding the treatment vs. 2 days (0–15) in the 3 months following the treatment initiation (p = 0.115). The number of respiratory tract infections went from median of 2 (0–3) to 1 (0–1) during the same periods (p = 0.07). Adverse events most commonly reported were cough (n = 2) and increased respiratory secretions post-inhalation (n = 4). Only one new bacterial resistance was observed.Conclusions: This series of consecutive cases underlines the need for future studies evaluating the potential benefit of prophylactic inhaled antibiotics in children with a tracheostomy.
Comparing the Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Nursing Homes and in the Community Dwelling Elderly of Emilia Romagna Region
Authors: Burato Sofia , Leonardi Luca , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Raschi Emanuel , Ajolfi Chiara , Baraghini Manuela , Chiarello Antonella , Delmonte Valentina , Di Castri Lucio , Donati Monia , Fadda Antonella , Fedele Daniela , Ferretti Alessandra , Gabrielli Laura , Gobbi Silvia , Lughi Sereno , Mazzari Martina , Pieraccini Fabio , Renzetti Alessandro , Russi Elsa , Scanelli Chiara , Zanetti Barbara , Poluzzi Elisabetta 
Published: February 2021

Backround: We aimed at assessing the prevalence of polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with clinical relevance in elderly patient on Emilia Romagna area. Both outpatients and residents in nursing homes were assessed, with only partially overlapping strategies.Methods: We defined a list of 190 pairs of potentially interacting drugs, based on literature appraisal and availability of therapeutic alternatives. January-June 2018 data on drug use in patients over 65 years-old were collected from nine Local Health Authorities of Emilia Romagna: data on community-dwelling subjects were extracted from archives of reimbursed prescriptions, while drug use in a sample of nursing homes was recorded from clinical charts in one index day within the same semester. The frequency of polypharmacy (at least five or at least 10 concurrent drugs) and of each DDI was calculated.Results: In line with different rates of polypharmacy (80% vs 16%), the risk of exposure to at least one interaction was 53.7% in nursing homes and 26.4% in outpatients. Among DDIs, in nursing homes antidepressants—anxiolytics (11.9%) ranked first, followed by antidepressants—aspirin (7.4%). In outpatients, ACE-inhibitors—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reached 7.2% followed by the calcium channel blockers—α-blockers (2.4%).Discussion: Polypharmacy and risk of DDIs appeared very different in the two settings, due to both technical and clinical reasons. In order to reduce use of benzodiazepines, NSAIDs, antidepressants and relevant DDIs, 1) defining alternative options for pain relief in elderly outpatients, and 2) implementing non-pharmacological management of insomnia and anxiety in nursing homes should be prioritized.
Reduction of Neuroinflammation by δ-Opioids Via STAT3-Dependent Pathway in Chronic Glaucoma Model
Authors: Husain Shahid , Zaidi Syed A. H. , Singh Sudha , Guzman Wendy , Mehrotra Shikhar 
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this study was to determine the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their associated signaling molecules by δ-opioid receptor activation by a selective ligand, SNC-121 in chronic rat glaucoma model. Intraocular pressure was raised in rat eyes by injecting 2 M hypertonic saline into the limbal veins. SNC-121 (1 mg/kg; i. p) or Stattic (5 mg/kg; i. p) was administered in Brown Norway rats daily for 7 days. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, Fas, IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and IFN-γ was increased significantly in the retina of ocular hypertensive animals at day 7, post injury. Administration of SNC-121 (1 mg/kg; i. p. injection) for 7 days (once a day) completely inhibited the increase in the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we provide data showing a significant increase in the phosphorylation of STAT3 at tyrosine 705 whereas a moderate but significant increase in the total STAT3 protein expression was also seen in the retina of ocular hypertensive animals. Data illustrated that SNC-121 administration completely abrogated ocular hypertension-induced increase in STAT3Y705phosphorylation. Interestingly, acetylation of STAT3 at lysine 685 (AcK685) was reduced in ocular hypertensive animals and subsequently increased significantly by SNC-121 treatment. Stattic, a selective STAT3 inhibitor, administration resulted in a complete attenuation in the production of IL-1β and IL-6 in ocular hypertensive animals. In conclusion, δ-opioid receptor activation suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 at tyrosine 705 and increased acetylation at lysine 686 and these posttranslational modifications can regulate the production of some but not all pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to glaucomatous injury.
Linezolid Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Associated With Urinary Tract Infections of Patients in a Tertiary Hospitals in China: Resistance Mechanisms, Virulence, and Risk Factors
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Fan , Bai Bing , Lin Zhiwei , Xu Guangjian , Chen Zhong , Sun Xiang , Zheng Jinxin , Deng Qiwen , Yu Zhijian 
Published: February 2021

Background:Enterococcus faecalis has been commonly considered as one of the major pathogens of the urinary tract infection (UTI) in human host worldwide, whereas the molecular characteristics of E. faecalis clinical isolates from the patients with UTI in China remains seldomly reported. This study aimed to investigate the resistance mechanism, molecular characteristics and risk factors of E. faecalis clinical isolates from patients with UTI in China.Methods: A total of 115 non-duplicated E. faecalis clinical isolates from patients with UTI were retrospectively collected in a tertiary hospital in China and their clinical data was further analyzed. The linezolid and tedizolid susceptibility were determined by agar dilution. The resistance genes, including erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), optrA, cfr, cfr(B), poxtA, and MLST-based housekeeping genes were investigated by PCR.Results: In 115 non-duplicated E. faecalis clinical isolates from the patients with UTI in this hospital setting, the frequency of linezolid or tedizolid-resistant/intermediate isolates were 22.61 and 13.04%, respectively, and the frequency of linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis clinical isolates carrying with erm(A) were 86%. Among the five linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strains found in this study, three optrA-positive isolates and the other two linezolid-resistant strains were G2576U genetic mutations in the V domain of the 23S rRNA genes. The ST clonality analysis indicated that 31.42% (11/35) of ST16 E. faecalis UTI isolates were not susceptible to linezolid. Moreover, the univariable analysis indicated that the high risk factors of linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis infections involved the indwelling catheter, trachea cannula catheter and the carriage of erm(A) or optrA. Furthermore, the indwelling catheter and trachea cannula catheter were demonstrated as the independent predictors of linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis strains in patients with UTI by multivariable analysis.Conclusion: Linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis associated with urinary tract infections of patients in this hospital setting from China might be explained by the high carriage frequency of optrA genes and moreover, indwelling catheter and trachea cannula should be considered as the independent predictors of linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis infections. The transmission mechanism of linezolid-resistant/intermediate E. faecalis in this hospital setting should be further studied.
A questão social e a liberdade individual: sociedade civil e emancipação integral nos estudos do jovem Karl Marx
Authors: Fresu Gianni 
Published: February 2021

O crescente interesse internacional pelo trabalho de Karl Marx durante a última década, que, não por acaso, coincide com a crise econômica mais grave do mundo desde 1929, está encorajando um florescimento de estudos em torno de seu trabalho, menos ligado às exigências da luta política imediata e mais atento ao entendimento científico de suas categorias e concepções mais representativas. Essa “Nouvelle Vague” dos estudos marxianos, com publicações e descobertas sem precedentes, colocou a exigência de novas abordagens metodológicas. Entre elas, a necessidade de considerar mais cuidadosamente as diferentes etapas da formação intelectual do caminho que marca a transição da crítica filosófica para a crítica da economia política pelo fundador e principal teórico do materialismo histórico. Nesse caminho, os primeiros escritos do jovem Marx, entre 1843 e 1844, representam uma passagem fundamental que, especialmente em Sobre a questão judaica, marcou sua descoberta da questão social, direcionando seus estudos e as perspectivas de seu pensamento para a necessidade da emancipação integral do homem.
Palavras-chave: Liberdade e igualdade, sociedade política e sociedade civil.
Desde una mirada decolonial y feminista hacia la Educación Sexual Integral:
Authors: Fanucci Antonella , Noriega Bárbara 
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la necesidad de contenidos pedagógicos en torno a las mujeres de comunidades indígenas en la enseñanza argentina. Por esto, nos parece que la investigación y divulgación del hallazgo arqueológico, la Dama de Cao de la historia del Perú Antiguo, colabora para trabajar los lineamientos de la ley 26.150 de nuestro país en torno al ciclo básico. Desde nuestra área académica, la historia, proponemos el caso mochica porque consideramos que permite amplificar la representación de la mujer indígena y el rol de la mujer en el pasado en clave latinoamericana, desde una mirada decolonial. A partir del caso esbozado, invitamos a una lectura que busca re-construir y re-significar la importancia de las mujeres indígenas para repensar los interrogantes en torno a nuestro territorio y a nuestra identidad latinoamericana.
Hubungan Dimensi KepribadianThe Big Five Personality Dengan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Psikologis Narapidana
Authors: Ahadiyanto Nuzul 
Published: February 2021

The Big Five Personality is one of the theories of personality that consists of five personality dimensions, namely: Agreeableness, Openness to New Experience, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Conscienstiousness. Thirty-five prisoners of cases of narcotics and drug trafficking into subjects in this study. In testing the assumptions of normality of data, showed that the data were normally distributed. This is indicated by the value of significance (p-value) greater than 0.05. As for the correlation test, showed that Openness to Experience significantly positively correlated with Psychological Wellbeing (r = 0.504; p = 0.002). Extraversion significantly positively correlated with Psychological Wellbeing (r = 0.420; p = 0.012). Agreeableness positively correlated significantly with Psychological Wellbeing (r = 0.620; p = 0.000). Constinousness significantly positively correlated with Psychological Wellbeing (r = 0.473; p = 0.004). Neuroticism is negatively correlated significantly with Psychological Wellbeing (r = - 0.479; p = 0.004).
The purpose of quantitative research with correlational approach is to know the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions with Psychological Wellbeing on inmates in Prisons Women Class II A Malang. Further research is expected to contribute to the Women's Prison Class II A Malang in order to carry out the task of coaching the inmates. Conclusions from the analysis of the data is that the four dimensions of personality Big Five Personality significantly positively associated with psychological well-being. Except for Neuroticism personality dimensions are significantly negatively associated with psychological well-being.
MENALAR ULANG USHUL FIKIH MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (MUI) DALAM KONTEKS KEINDONESIAN
Authors: Ula Siti Khoirotul 
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with the study of the reasoning of the Ushul Fiqh of the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) in the Indonesian context. By the content analysis approach through reading of some of the MUI fatwas, it was concluded that the ushul fiqh foundation used by the MUI was like the mainstream typology of Islamic law, namely the ushul fiqh method commonly used by mutakallimin and fuqaha. However, in relation to fatwas related to contemporary issues, the sad adz-dzariah theory is more dominant than other theories. Another thing found from the study of the MUI fatwas in relation to methodology is the tendency of the MUI fatwas towards the way of bayani reasoning or textualism.
Necesidad de incrementar la carrera de Ingeniería Metalúrgica en las Universidades Peruanas
Authors: Asencios Trujillo Lida Violeta , Berna Tamayo José Alberto , Huari Sulluchuco Carlos William , Santisteban Valdez María Laura , Quispe Pérez Marcos Luis 
Published: February 2021

En el siguiente artículo, se analizan dos elementos fundamentales: la situación minera en el Perú, y la necesidad de incrementar los estudios de Ingeniería Metalúrgica. Ambos elementos deben estar indisolublemente ligados, ya que responden a necesidades económicas y sociales que cada vez se acentúan más. El trabajo está articulado en varias secciones que inician con un breve análisis histórico del papel de la educación y el desarrollo social, donde se insiste en el rol que juegan las universidades en este rubro. También se ofrecen comparaciones de lo anterior con otros países, tanto dentro del área como a nivel global, para llegar al siguiente objetivo: aportar informaciones necesarias para dar a conocer la urgencia de extender y perfeccionar las carreras universitarias de Ingeniería de Minas en el entorno nacional. Por otra parte, se hace énfasis en los conflictos sociales que lamentablemente se vienen originado y se mantienen en la población relacionada con la minería Para ello se tomaron como base algunos elementos aportados por la tesis de maestría Caminos de encuentro en el manejo de conflictos sociales en el sector minero: caso Cocachacra.
Consecuencias psicológicas en mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja
Authors: Colque Casas José Luis 
Published: February 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo general determinar las consecuencias psicológicas de las mujeres víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja. El diseño de estudio fue no experiental, transversal de alcance descriptivo. Se trabajo con una muestra de 108mujeres que denunciaron a sus parejas por violencia en la provincia constitucional del Callao durante los años 2018 y 2019, cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 108 mujeres víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja. Se utilizó la Lista de Chequeo de Síntomas de Distrés SCL-90 R de Derogatis, la cual identifica síntomas psicológicos mediante nueve dimensiones y tres índices globales de distrés. Entre los resultados en cuanto al sufrimiento psicológico en las víctimas de maltrato por parte de sus parejas: esta es superior a la de los pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios. Por otra parte, en cuanto a las dimensiones de síntomas primarios, sobresalen: la depresión (X=1,81), la obsesión – compulsión (X=1,74), la ansiedad (X=1,70) y la somatización (X=1,69). En tanto que los índices globales totales: las mujeres víctimas de maltrato presentan en promedio 56 síntomas positivos. Y se llegói a concluir que los síntomas psicológicos que presentan las mujeres víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja se encuentran por encima de la población psiquiátrica ambulatoria (52,03), la cual se respalda con la cantidad promedio de síntomas positivos encontrados (56). Las dimensiones que sobresalen en estas mujeres víctimas por parte de su pareja son: la depresión, obsesión – compulsión, ansiedad y somatización.
Escala de autoestima para adolescentes: elaboración y análisis psicométrico
Authors: Cerna Dorregaray Orlando , Ugarriza Chávez Nelly 
Published: February 2021

Este estudio se refiere a la elaboración y análisis psicométrico de una escala de autoestima para adolescentes. La base teórica es de Clemens (1995) quien sostiene que la autoestima es la satisfacción que sentimos de nosotros mismos cuando hemos podido satisfacer cuatro necesidades básicas: vinculación, singularidad, poder y pautas. La escala se sometió a rigurosos análisis de validez y confiabilidad. Es una investigación pura porque su propósito es aportar nuevos conocimientos con el objetivo de proporcionar mayores fundamentos a la teoría propuesta por Clemens (1995). El diseño es correlacional y descriptivo comparativo. Se aplicó la escala a 760 adolescentes. La muestra es no probabilística intencional, conformada por estudiantes de primero a quinto de secundaria de tres colegios de Lima. El instrumento que se construyó fue una escala de tipo Likert para evaluar la autoestima, según la propuesta teórica. Los análisis de validez de contenido han sido satisfactorios. Los índices de concordancia V de Aiken obtenidos, fueron altamente satisfactorios.
Los índices de consistencia interna del inventario, así como los índices de correlación entre ellos, han indicado valores elevados del Alpha de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald aceptable. Los coeficientes Alpha de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald para cada una las cuatro dimensiones de la escala presentan valores elevados.
El coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, arrojó valores muy altos. En conclusión, la escala de autoestima para adolescentes presenta suficientes evidencias de validez y confiabilidad que la convierten en una medida satisfactoria para evaluar autopercepción de la valía personal del adolescente.
Strategies to Increase Income for Small and Medium Micro Businesses in the Middle of Pandemic COVID-19 in Mojokerto
Authors: Widiastuti Ika , Cakranegara Pandu Adi 
Published: February 2021

This article is motivated by COVID-19, which can affect the economy and MSMEs of the Mojokerto community. The research objective was to determine the community's strategies in Watespinggir Hamlet Mojokerto to survive and still earn income during the pandemic. The research method is descriptive qualitative, and the authors collect data by conducting interviews, discussions with business actors, and seeking information from other article sources. The results showed that business actors' efforts to increase an income such as studying more details about the technology, providing exemplary service to consumers, paying attention to the quality of goods to be sold to consumers. Also, selling products using e-commerce, adding services to consumers, digital marketing and optimizing marketing relationships with consumers, maintaining products, and protecting existing customers.
Abstrak
Artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh COVID-19 yang dapat mempengaruhi perekonomian dan UMKM masyarakat Mojokerto. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui strategi yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di Dusun Watespinggir Mojokerto supaya dapat bertahan dan tetap mendapatkan penghasilan selama pandemi. Metode penelitian ialah kualitatif deskriptif, penulis mengambil data dengan melakukan wawancara, diskusi dengan pelaku usaha dan mencari informasi dari sumber artikel lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pelaku usaha guna meningkatkan suatu pendapatan seperti mempelajari lebih detail tentang teknologi, memberikan pelayanan yang baik untuk konsumen, memperhatikan kualitas barang yang akan dijual ke konsumen. Selain itu, penjualan produk dengan menggunakan e-commerce, penambahan layanan terhadap konsumen, digital marketing serta mengoptimalkan hubungan pemasaran dengan para konsumen, dan mempertahankan produk serta menjaga pelanggan yang sudah ada.