bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Andesitic Magmatism on a Differentiated Asteroid
Authors: Nicklas Robert , Day James , Gardner-Vandy Kathryn , Udry Arya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Earth differs from other terrestrial planets in having a substantial silica-rich continental crust with a bulk andesitic composition1. The compositional dichotomy between oceanic and continental crust is likely related to water-rich subduction processes2. Over the past decade, the discovery of meteorites with andesitic bulk compositions have demonstrated that continental-crust like compositions can be attained through partial melting of chondritic protoliths3,4,5. Here we show that a newly identified achondrite meteorite, Erg Chech (EC) 002, is a high-Mg andesite but that, unlike previous andesitic achondrites has strongly fractionated and low abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE), reminiscent of Earth’s upper continental crust6. The major and HSE composition of EC 002 can be explained if its asteroid parent body underwent metal-silicate equilibrium prior to silicate partial melting without losing significant volatile components. The chemistry of pyroxene grains in EC 002 suggests it approximates a parental melt composition, which cannot be produced by partial melting of pre-existing basaltic lithologies, but more likely requires a metal-free chondritic source. Erg Chech 002 likely formed by ~ 15% melting of the mantle of an alkali-undepleted differentiated asteroid. The discovery of EC 002 shows that extensive silicate differentiation after metal-silicate equilibration was already occurring in the first two million years of solar system history7, and that andesitic crustal compositions do not always require water-rich subduction processes to be produced.
Spatiotemporal imaging of anisotropic charge transfer in photocatalyst particles
Authors: Li Can , Chen Ruotian , Ren Zefeng , Liang Yu , Dittrich Thomas , Pang Shan , Zhao Yue , An Hongyu , Zhang Guanhua , Fan Fengtao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water-splitting reactions using photocatalyst particles are promising routes for solar fuel production1-4. Photoinduced charge transfer from a photocatalyst to catalytic surface sites is key in ensuring photocatalytic efficiency5; however, it is challenging to understand this process, which spans a wide spatiotemporal range from nanometers to micrometers and from femtoseconds to seconds6-8. Although the steady-state charge distribution on single photocatalyst particles has been mapped using microscopic techniques9-11 and the averaged charge transfer dynamics in photocatalyst aggregations have been revealed via time-resolved spectroscopy12,13, spatiotemporally evolving charge transfer processes in single photocatalyst particles cannot be tracked, and the mechanism of charge transfer is unknown. Here, we report spatiotemporally resolved surface photovoltage measurements on Cu2O photocatalyst particles to map complete charge transfer processes throughout the femtosecond to second time scale at the single-particle level. We found that photogenerated electrons are transferred to the catalytic surface ballistically on a sub-picosecond timescale and are retained at this location for the duration, whereas photogenerated holes are transferred to a spatially separated surface and stabilized via selective trapping on a microsecond timescale. We demonstrate that these ballistic electron transfer and anisotropic trapping regimes, which challenge the classical perception of the drift–diffusion model, contribute to efficient charge separation in photocatalysis and improve the photocatalytic performance. We anticipate our findings to demonstrate the universality of other photoelectronic devices and facilitate the rational design of photocatalysts.
Activation Network Localization of Facial Emotion Processing
Authors: Peng Shaoling , Xu Pengfei , Jiang Yaya , Gong Gaolang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Facial emotion processing is a basic psychological function of the human brain. Functional neuroimaging techniques have been widely used to probe its neural substrates in healthy subjects. However, like many other psychological functions, functional activations during facial emotion processing have been reported throughout the brain, and the findings are largely inconsistent across studies. Here, we attempted to test whether heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings of facial emotion processing localized to a connected network and whether network localization could partly explain the poor reproducibility observed. First, using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis technique, we showed that individual-brain-based reproducibility was low across studies. Then, using a new technique termed ‘activation network mapping’, which was adapted from lesion network mapping, we found that network-based reproducibility across these same studies was rather high; also, these seemingly heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings mainly localized to a common brain network. Finally, our localized network based on activation matched brain stimulation locations—and the network derived from it—that disrupted facial emotion processing. It also aligned well with structural abnormalities in alexithymia—a disorder characterized by a deficiency in the ability to identify emotions, and brain lesions that disrupt facial emotion processing. Our results suggest that heterogeneous functional neuroimaging findings of facial emotion processing in healthy people localize to a common connected network, which improves the seemingly poor reproducibility among functional neuroimaging studies. Activation network mapping may prove to be a novel network-based technique that is potentially broadly applicable to localize brain networks of cognitive functions based on brain activations in healthy individuals.
SARS-CoV-2 induces transcription of human endogenous retrovirus RNA followed by type W envelope protein expression in human lymphoid cells.
Authors: Charvet Benjamin , Mazelier Magalie , Brunel Joanna , Pierquin Justine , Mougari Said , Iampietro Matthieu , Decimo Didier , Queruel Nelly , Matthieu Cyrille , Horvat Branka , Perron Hervé 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Patients with COVID-19 may develop abnormal inflammatory response and lymphopenia, followed in some cases by delayed-onset syndromes, often long-lasting after resolution of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. As viral infections may activate human endogenous retroviral elements (HERV), we studied the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on HERV-W and HERV-K envelope (ENV) expression, known to be involved in immunological and neurological pathogenesis of human diseases. We demonstrate here that an initial exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus activates early HERV-W and K transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from healthy donors. Within a week of primary PBMC culture, only HERV-W ENV protein expression was detected in lymphoid cells of some donors, although SARS-CoV-2 infection of PBMC was not observed. HERV activation was reproduced with UV-inactivated virus and with a recombinant spike protein. Interestingly, exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protein induced a significant production of interleukin 6 in PBMC, independently from detectable HERV expression. Altogether, these results show that SARS-CoV-2 viral protein could induce HERV-W ENV expression in lymphocytes from some individuals, underlying the importance to further address the implicated molecular pathways, to understand patients‘ genetic susceptibility associated to the activation of HERV-W and its possible relevance for targeting therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 associated syndromes.
Salt-tolerance Function in Halotolerant Bacteria from Coastal Soil and Sediment Present near Saltern Field of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Chen Yonggan , Zhang Zhenhua , Luo Hongwei , Li Zhen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Characterization of the salt-tolerance function in microbial communities is important for understanding the soil and sediment biodiversity distribution near saltern affected by the environmental factors. Here, we combined high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA and ITS to investigate the distribution and salt-tolerance function of microbial communities in coastal soils and sediments present near Yinggehai saltern field of Hainan Island, China. The microbial communities in the soil and sediments of the land zone (YGHLS), the intertidal zone (YGHIS), and inshore zone (YGHWS) were compared. PCoA of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances showed the difference in soil microbial communities across the samples. ANOSIM analysis revealed that the three samples were separated from each other. Halomonas , Halobacillus and Wallemia presented in the samples and accounted for 0.0335 ± 0.0586%, 0.0241 ± 0.0304% and 0.0308 ± 0.0445% of the total microbial community. Relative abundance of Na + :H + antiporter, Trk system potassium uptake protein and Kdp operon response regulator in the samples exceed 0.02%, 0.09% and 0.06% respectively. It revealed that the halotolerant bacteria of Yinggehai coastal soil and sediment mainly take the Trk system for salt-tolerance function.
Design Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming in a MIMO-millimeter Wave 5G Heterogeneous Wireless Network using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Chopra Sanjeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Beamforming (BF) is a smart antenna technique to provide a summation of the weighted signal over multi-users to produce the more concentrated transmitted signal from massive MIMO antenna arrays deployed in a Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) 5G heterogeneous wireless network. It adjusts the amplitudes and phases of the signals received over different antennas in an optimum manner in the form of directional radiation. This paper will help in the installation of 5G and 6G mm-Wave heterogeneous wireless networks. Here, adaptive BF is designed and being implemented on the Machine Learning (ML) platform using Signal-to-Noise-Interference Ratio (SINR). The four ML methods having six BF properties to estimate the SINR of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) - mm-Wave 5G wireless network are explored. The proposed algorithm suppresses noise plus interference and can reduce the power consumption. The python package pyArgus focusing on the BF and direction finding algorithms has been used for 20,000 simulations. The BF features namely noise variance, number of antenna elements, distance between antenna elements, azimuth angular range of receiving array, elevation angular range of receiving array and Direction of Arrival (DOA) of signal i.e. incident angle of Signal-of-Interest (SOI) are used in predicting the SINR. The 10-fold cross-validation experiment is performed to assess the robustness of the best predictive method. By conducting the rigorous simulations, it has been observed that Random Forest (RF) method outperforms over the three other ML methods such as Tree model i.e. rpart, Generalized Linear Model (glm) and Neural Network (nnet), which does the prediction inexpensive and faster. The performance analysis parameters’ result represents that the prediction of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by RF is lowest 70.73 in value, and its Accuracy is maximum 86.40%, in value having the acceptable error on the training-testing data set.
Outcome Measures in Solid Organ Donor Management Research - a Systematic Review
Authors: Bera Kasia D , Shah Akshay , English  , Ploeg RJ 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo systematically review published outcome measures across randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of donor management interventions. MethodsThe systematic review was conducted in accordance with recommendations by the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA statement. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science as well as trial databases from 1980 to December 2019 for RCTs of donor management interventions. ResultsTwenty-two RCTs (n = 3432 donors) were included in our analysis. Fourteen RCTs (63.6%) reported a primary outcome relating to a single organ only. Eight RCTs primarily focused on aspects of donor optimisation in critical care. Thyroid hormones and methylprednisolone were the most commonly evaluated interventions (five and four studies, respectively). Only two studies, focusing on single organs (e.g. kidney), evaluated outcomes relating to other organs. The majority of studies evaluated physiological or biomarker-related outcomes. No study evaluated recipient health-related quality of life. Only one study sought consent from potential organ recipients. ConclusionsThe majority of RCTs evaluating donor management interventions only assessed single organ outcomes or effects on donor stability in critical care. There is a need for an evaluation of patient-centred recipient outcomes, and standardisation and reporting of outcome measures for future donor management RCTs. PROSPERO RegistrationCRD42018109487
Up-scaling nanoparticle synthesis by sputter deposition in ionic liquids
Authors: Meischein Michael , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Up-scaling of nanoparticle fabrication by sputtering into an ionic liquid is shown for the example of Cu. Long-time sputtering (24 h) into a large amount (50 mL) of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Bmim][(Tf)2N] yields an amount of approximately 1 g Cu nanoparticles (mean spherical diameter (2.6 ± 1.1) nm), stabilized in ionic liquid without agglomerations. Extraction of Cu nanoparticles from the stabilizing ionic liquid was performed with the capping agent hexadecylamine. Extracted particles could be redispersed in other solvents, thus enabling applications of sputtered nanoparticles beyond ionic liquids.
Topical tacrolimus in ocular Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Shawki Samir , Tabbara Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus eye drops in the treatment of patients with ocular Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD).MethodsTen consecutive patients with ocular GVHD were included retrospectively. All patients were treated with topical tacrolimus (0.01% - 0.03%) twice daily. Five patients were given adjunctive topical steroids for 4 to 6 weeks. The outcome measures included improvement of symptoms of photophobia, ocular pain and discharge and signs of superficial punctate keratitis and conjunctival hyperemia. Clinical assessment was carried out before, during and on the last visit after treatment.ResultsThere were 9 males and 1 female patients. The mean age was 30 years (range 5 to 51). All patients had bilateral ocular involvement. Duration of treatment ranged from 2 to 22 months (mean 6.5 months). There was improvement of symptoms in 8/10 (80%), superficial punctate keratitis in 8(40%) out of the 20 eyes and conjunctival hyperemia in 12 (66%) out of 18 eyes. The response to treatment was noted to be late following initiation of therapy (Average 3 weeks; range 1 to 8 weeks). Patients given adjunctive steroids responded faster. The main adverse ocular side effects were burning sensation, redness and swollen lids.ConclusionTopical tacrolimus is a safe and effective long-term therapy in the treatment of patients with ocular GVHD. Adjunctive short-term use of topical steroids may lead to faster response to topical tacrolimus therapy. Patients should be encouraged to continue use of topical tacrolimus as the onset of action may be delayed.
Temporary application of ox muzzle drainage in knee arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Xiao Mochao , Lu Daifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ox muzzle drainage is temporary a type of drainage system surrounding the anterior internal and lateral incision of knee arthroscopy. In order to make the operation visual field clear, reduce the operation time, reduce the knee pain；Methods: A total of 104 patients with meniscal associated injury who underwent knee arthroscopic meniscus between May 2014 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Temporary use during surgery Ox muzzle drainage was applied in 51 patients, while the other 53 patients were served as conventional group. The volume of irrigation fluid drained from the knee articular cavity, duration of operation, operative view clarity and occurrence of anterior knee pain.Visual clarity was evaluated with a numerical rating scale.Results: The irrigation fluid volume was significantly greater, while duration of operation was markedly shorter in the ox muzzle drainage group than the control (3200–6200ml：1700-4500ml，14-49min：22-63min，t=11.494，t=9.846，P<0.01). The operative view clarity in the ox muzzle drainage group was obviously better than the control (87.42%：66.09%，t=5.474，P<0.05). The incidence of anterior knee pain was lower than that of the control group(c2=11.105，P<0.01).Conclusions: Ox muzzle drainage temporary is feasible for intra-operative irrigation and stretching of the fat pad in knee arthroscopy, It is conducive to the operation of surgical instruments, shortening the operation time, reducing the injury of the subpatellar fat pad and the occurrence of anterior knee pain.
TRAFIC: Statistical Plan for a Pragmatic Early Phase 1/2 Bayesian Adaptive Dose Escalation Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cole Michael , Yap Christina , Buckley Christopher , Ng Wan-Fai , McInnes Iain , Filer Andrew , Siebert Stefan , Pratt Arthur , Isaacs John D , Stocken Deborah D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Adaptive model-based dose-finding designs have demonstrated advantages over traditional rule-based designs but have increased statistical complexity resulting in slow uptake especially outside of cancer trials. TRAFIC is a multi-centre, early phase trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis incorporating a model-based design.Methods: A Bayesian adaptive dose-finding phase I trial rolling into a single arm, single stage phase II trial. Model parameters for phase I were chosen via Monte Carlo simulation evaluating objective performance measures under clinically relevant scenarios and incorporated stopping rules for early termination. Potential designs were further calibrated utilising dose transition pathways.Discussion: TRAFIC is an MRC funded trial of a re-purposed treatment demonstrating that it is possible to design, fund and implement a model-based phase I trial in a non-cancer population within conventional research funding tracks and regulatory constraints. The phase I design allows borrowing of information from previous trials; all accumulated data to be utilised in decision-making; verification of operating characteristics through simulation; improved understanding for management and oversight teams through dose transition pathways. The rolling phase II design brings efficiencies in trial conduct including site and monitoring activities, and cost.TRAFIC is the first funded model-based dose-finding trial in inflammatory disease demonstrating that small phase I/II trials can have an underlying statistical basis for decision-making and interpretation.Trial Registration: ISRCTN 36667085
Supertoroidal light pulses: Propagating electromagnetic skyrmions in free space
Authors: Shen Yijie , Hou Yaonan , Papasimakis Nikitas , Zheludev Nikolay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Topologically complex transient electromagnetic fields give access to nontrivial light-matter interactions and provide additional degrees of freedom for information transfer. An important example of such electromagnetic excitations are space-time non-separable single-cycle pulses of toroidal topology, the exact solutions of Maxwell described by Hellwarth and Nouchi in 1996 and recently observed experimentally. Here we introduce a new family of electromagnetic excitation, the supertoroidal electromagnetic pulses, in which the Hellwarth-Nouchi pulse is just the simplest member. The supertoroidal pulses exhibit skyrmionic structure of the electromagnetic fields, multiple singularities in the Poynting vector maps and fractal-like distributions of energy backflow. They are of interest for transient light-matter interactions, ultrafast optics, spectroscopy, and toroidal electrodynamics.
The MiR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT Axis Promotes Invasion and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Ning Yichong , Zeng Guirong , Zhou Hao , Zhou Lin , Xiao Pei , Li Zhihong , Zhou Jianlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
MiR-193a-5p has been observed to have oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions in different kinds of cancers, but its role and molecular mechanism in osteosarcoma are elusive. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3) normally extrude Ca2+ from the cell, and deregulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is related to several kinds of diseases, including cancer. The present study demonstrated that miR-193a-5p was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues, and promoted colony formation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2 and U-2OS), as well as metastasis in a murine xenograft model. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis identified NCX2 as a potential target of miR-193a-5p. Luciferase activity assays and Western blotting further confirmed that miR-193a-5p recognized the 3′-untranslated region of NCX2 mRNA, and negatively regulated NCX2 expression. NCX2 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues, and its expression was negatively correlated with miR-193a-5p levels. Ectopic expression of NCX2 in osteosarcoma cells could reverse the oncogenicity of miR-193a-5p, indicating that miR-193a-5p exerted its effects by targeting NCX2. Further study demonstrated that NCX2 suppresses Ca2+-dependent Akt phosphorylation by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, then inhibited EMT process. Treatment with the antagomir against miR-193a-5p sensitized osteosarcoma to the Akt inhibitor afuresertib in a murine xenograft model. In conclusion, a miR-193a-5p/NCX2/AKT signaling axis contributes to the progression of osteosarcoma, which may provide a new therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
Dynamic Feedback Analysis of Incentive Factors for Building Energy Conservation Reconstruction in China
Authors: Guo Handing , Qiao Wanzhen , Wang Xing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The situation of high energy consumption in construction industry is becoming increasingly severe, which hinders the sustainable development of world economy, society and environment. Building energy conservation reconstruction is urgent. The long-term and effective promote of buildings energy conservation reconstruction depends on the market development. However, its external characteristics and public goods attributes determine it is necessity of implementing incentives. The incentives of the buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development not limited in policy incentives, involving multiple influencing factors, which are interrelated and complex systems engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate many factors into a coordinated dynamic system. This paper uses literature analysis method and expert interview method to identify the factors that affect incentives of buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development. In this study, the incentive structure frameworks of incentive elements, incentive operation, incentive efficiency and incentive environment were constructed by using the whole and part research idea. Based on principle of dynamic feedback analysis, Vensiem PLE was used to respectively analysis the four subsystem causality diagrams, the dynamic feedback relationship among the influencing factors in each incentive subsystem were clarified. The results demonstrate that incentive goal consistency, inspire all links, incentive system integrity and market maturity are the key factors affecting the incentive effect of the whole system. Finally, some optimization suggestions on incentive mechanism are put forward to promote the buildings energy conservation reconstruction market development.