bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of aging and exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, energy metabolism, and physical function
Authors: Grevendonk L. , Connell N. J. , McCrum C. , Fealy C. E. , Bilet L. , Bruls Y. M. H. , Mevenkamp J. , Schrauwen-Hinderling V. B. , Jörgensen J. A. , Moonen-Kornips E. , Schaart G. , Havekes B. , de Vogel-van den Bosch J. , Bragt M. C. E. , Meijer K. , Schrauwen P. , Hoeks J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationship between the age-associated decline in mitochondrial function and its effect on skeletal muscle physiology and function remain unclear. In the current study, we examined to what extent physical activity contributes to the decline in mitochondrial function and muscle health during aging and compared mitochondrial function in young and older adults, with similar habitual physical activity levels. We also studied exercise-trained older adults and physically impaired older adults. Aging was associated with a decline in mitochondrial capacity, exercise capacity and efficiency, gait stability, muscle function, and insulin sensitivity, even when maintaining an adequate daily physical activity level. Our data also suggest that a further increase in physical activity level, achieved through regular exercise training, can largely negate the effects of aging. Finally, mitochondrial capacity correlated with exercise efficiency and insulin sensitivity. Together, our data support a link between mitochondrial function and age-associated deterioration of skeletal muscle.
The importance of species interactions in eco-evolutionary community dynamics under climate change
Authors: Åkesson Anna , Curtsdotter Alva , Eklöf Anna , Ebenman Bo , Norberg Jon , Barabás György 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework which features more detailed species interactions, integrating evolution and dispersal. We include species interactions within and between trophic levels, and additionally, we incorporate the feature that species’ interspecific competition might change due to increasing temperatures and affect the impact of climate change on ecological communities. Our modeling framework captures previously reported ecological responses to climate change, and also reveals two key results. First, interactions between trophic levels as well as temperature-dependent competition within a trophic level mitigate the negative impact of climate change on biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding biotic interactions in shaping climate change impact. Second, our trait-based perspective reveals a strong positive relationship between the within-community variation in preferred temperatures and the capacity to respond to climate change. Temperature-dependent competition consistently results both in higher trait variation and more responsive communities to altered climatic conditions. Our study demonstrates the importance of species interactions in an eco-evolutionary setting, further expanding our knowledge of the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes.
Molecular-level similarity search brings computing to DNA data storage
Authors: Bee Callista , Chen Yuan-Jyue , Queen Melissa , Ward David , Liu Xiaomeng , Organick Lee , Seelig Georg , Strauss Karin , Ceze Luis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs global demand for digital storage capacity grows, storage technologies based on synthetic DNA have emerged as a dense and durable alternative to traditional media. Existing approaches leverage robust error correcting codes and precise molecular mechanisms to reliably retrieve specific files from large databases. Typically, files are retrieved using a pre-specified key, analogous to a filename. However, these approaches lack the ability to perform more complex computations over the stored data, such as similarity search: e.g., finding images that look similar to an image of interest without prior knowledge of their file names. Here we demonstrate a technique for executing similarity search over a DNA-based database of 1.6 million images. Queries are implemented as hybridization probes, and a key step in our approach was to learn an image-to-sequence encoding ensuring that queries preferentially bind to targets representing visually similar images. Experimental results show that our molecular implementation performs comparably to state-of-the-art in silico algorithms for similarity search.
Mechanism of TCONS_00147848 regulating apoptosis of nasal mucosa cells and alleviating allergic rhinitis through FOSL2-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Haiyun , Ren Yu , Liang Hongyu , Liu Xiaojia , Nan Jisangmo , Zhao Hui , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to explore the roles and related mechanisms of lncRNA-TCONS_00147848 (TCONS_00147848) in nasal mucosa cell apoptosis and allergic rhinitis (AR). AR mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), with the TCONS_00147848 interference lentiviral vector (TCONS_00147848 shRNA) and FOSL2 overexpressing lentiviral vectors (pCDH-FOSL2) constructed respectively. NC shRNA, TCONS_00147848 shRNA and TCONS_00147848 shRNA + pCDH-FOSL2 were transfected into AR mice and mice with TNF-α induced nasal mucosa cells. The allergic reaction symptoms were evaluated by scoring. And in this study, we used Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect the histological changes of nasal mucosa and apoptosis of nasal mucosa epithelial cells in mice, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Transwell and annexin V/PI to detect proliferation, migration and apoptosis of nasal mucosa cells of mice, respectively, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the expression of inflammatory factors, qRT-PCR to detect TCONS_00147848 expression, Western blot assay to detect the expressions of FOSL2, JAK-2, STAT3, p-STAT3, BAX and BCL-2, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, RNA pull down assay and Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay to identify TCONS_00147848 targeting FOSL2. All these findings above reveal that knocking down TCONS_00147848 can reduce the allergic reaction symptom score of AR mice and the inflammatory reaction. The expression of IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-9, IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum decreased. The expression of FOSL2, JAK-2, p-STAT3 and BAX in nasal mucosa and nasal mucosa cells of mice decreased as well, but BCL-2 expression increased. In addition, koncking down TCONS_00147848 can also inhibit the apoptosis of TNF-α induced nasal mucosa cells in mice and promote cell proliferation and migration. However, FOSL2 overexpression neutralized the effect of TCONS_00147848 shRNA. In nasal mucosa cells of mice, TCONS_00147848 can target FOSL2, interacting with STAT3. Inhibition of TCONS_00147848 can regulate JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and reduce inflammatory response in AR mice.
Insights into non-autoimmune type 1 diabetes with 13 novel loci in low polygenic risk score patients
Authors: Qu Jingchun , Qu Hui-Qi , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Glessner Joseph T. , Chang Xiao , Tian Lifeng , March Michael , Connolly John J. , Roizen Jeffrey D. , Sleiman Patrick M. A. , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith polygenic risk score (PRS) for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), this study identified T1D cases with low T1D PRS and searched for susceptibility loci in these cases. Our hypothesis is that genetic effects (likely mediated by relatively rare genetic variants) of non-mainstream (or non-autoimmune) T1D might have been diluted in the previous studies on T1D cases in general. Two cohorts for the PRS modeling and testing respectively were included. The first cohort consisted of 3302 T1D cases and 6181 controls, and the independent second cohort consisted of 3297 T1D cases and 6169 controls. Cases with low T1D PRS were identified using PRSice-2 and compared to controls with low T1D PRS by genome-wide association (GWA) test. Thirteen novel genetic loci with high imputation quality (Quality Score r2 > 0.91) were identified of SNPs/SNVs associated with low PRS T1D at genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5.0 × E−08), in addition to 4 established T1D loci, 3 reported loci by our previous study, as well as 9 potential novel loci represented by rare SNVs, but with relatively low imputation quality (Quality Score r2 < 0.90). For the 13 novel loci, 9 regions have been reported of association with obesity related traits by previous GWA studies. Three loci encoding long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNA), and 2 loci involved in N-linked glycosylation are also highlighted in this study.
An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)
Authors: Ghosh Swapan Kumar , Podder Dipanjan , Mukherjee Anirvan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnopheline larvicidal property of T. asperellum has been found recently in medical science. The mechanism of actions exhibited by T. asperellum to infect mosquito larvae is the pivotal context of our present study. To infect an insect, entomopathogens must undergo some events of pathogenesis. We performed some experiments to find out the mechanisms of action of T. asperellum against anopheline larvae and compared its actions with other two well recognized entomopathogens like Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. The methodology adopted for this includes Compound light and SE Microscopic study of host–pathogen interaction, detection of fungal spore adhesion on larval surface (Mucilage assay), detection of cuticle degrading enzymes (Spore bound pr1, chitinase and protease) by spectro-photometric method, Quantitative estimation of chitinase and protease enzymes, and determination of nuclear degeneration of hemocyte cells of ME (methanolic extract) treated larvae by T. asperellum under fluorescence microscope. Compound light microscopic studies showed spore attachment, appressorium and germ tube formation, invasion and proliferated hyphal growth of T. asperellum on epicuticle and inside of dead larvae. SEM study also supported them. After 3 h of interaction, spores were found to be attached on larval surface exhibiting pink colored outer layer at the site of attachment indicating the presence of mucilage surrounding the attached spores. The enzymatic cleavage of the 4-nitroanilide substrate yields 4-nitroaniline which indicates the presence of spore-bound PR1 protein (Pathogenecity Related 1 Protein) and it was highest (absorbance 1.298 ± 0.002) for T. asperellum in comparison with control and other two entomopathogens. T. asperellum exhibited highest enzymatic index values for both chitinase (5.20) and protease (2.77) among three entomopathogens. Quantitative experiment showed that chitinase enzyme concentration of T. asperellum (245 µg mL−1) was better than other two M. anisopliae (134.59 µg mL−1) and B. bassiana (128.65 µg mL−1). Similarly protease enzyme concentration of this fungus was best (298.652 µg mL−1) among three entomopathogens. Here we have detected and estimated fragmentized nuclei of hemocyte cells by fluorescence microscopy in treated larvae with different ME doses of T. asperellum, and also observed that mosquito larvae exposed to 0.1 mg mL−1 dose of ME showed maximum (100%) nuclear fragmentations of hemocytes and while 20, 45, 70 and 85% of nuclear deformities were recorded at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg mL−1 concentrations of ME. The knowledge of this work certainly will help in understanding of mechanism of action of T. asperellum for anopheline larval killing and consequently in eradication of malaria vector.
A crystal plasticity model for metal matrix composites considering thermal mismatch stress induced dislocations and twins
Authors: Hou Y. N. , Yang K. M. , Song J. , Wang H. , Liu Y. , Fan T. X. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOriginated at heterogeneous interfaces with distinct coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), thermal mismatch stress is one of the critical influential factors to mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). This stress is normally accommodated plastically by various defects, for example, high-density dislocations and twins in Al near heterogeneous interfaces in SiC/Al composites. Basic knowledge on the influence of defect characteristics is important but difficult to extrapolate from experimental results. However, existed theoretical models more focus on the influence of dislocation density, but less focus on defects variety, volume and distribution. In this paper, we propose a physics-based crystal plasticity model that has the capability of dealing with thermal mismatch stress induced dislocations and twins (denoted as TMDT model). The proposed TMDT model that is implemented in the Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) method considers defect heterogeneous distribution (gradient range), defect type (dislocations vs. twins) and defect volume fraction (twin spacing vs. twin volume). We demonstrate the validity and the capability of the VPSC-TMDT model in SiC/Al composites with thermal mismatch induced dislocations or twins. Furthermore, this model predicts the ultra-high strength of Graphene/Copper composites with high-density nanoscale twins, which is in turn the future aim for such nanocomposites.
Numerical study of bio-convection flow of magneto-cross nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms with activation energy
Authors: Shi Qiu-Hong , Hamid Aamir , Khan M. Ijaz , Kumar R. Naveen , Gowda R. J. Punith , Prasannakumara B. C. , Shah Nehad Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Chung Jae Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a mathematical model is developed to scrutinize the transient magnetic flow of Cross nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects. Binary chemical reactions and heat source/sink effects along with convective boundary condition are also taken into the consideration. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform partial differential equations (PDE’s) into ordinary ones and then numerically tackled by shooting method. The impacts of different emerging parameters on the thermal, concentration, velocity, and micro-rotation profiles are incorporated and discussed in detail by means of graphs. Results reveal that, the escalation in magnetic parameter and Rayleigh number slowdowns the velocity and momentum of the fluid. The increase in Biot number, radiation and heat sink/source parameters upsurges the thermal boundary but, converse trend is seen for escalating Prandtl number. The density number of motile microorganisms acts as a growing function of bioconvection Lewis number and declining function of bioconvection Peclet number.
Application of Taguchi method and response surface methodology into the removal of malachite green and auramine-O by NaX nanozeolites
Authors: Shojaei Siroos , Shojaei Saeed , Band Shahab S. , Farizhandi Amir Abbas Kazemzadeh , Ghoroqi Milad , Mosavi Amir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the simultaneous removal of malachite green (MG) and auramine-O (AO) dyes from the aqueous solution by NaX nanozeolites in a batch system is investigated. Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize and model dye removal conditions. In order to do so, the effect of various factors (dyes concentration, sonication time, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH of the solution) on the amount of dye removal was evaluated by the Taguchi method. Then, the most important factors were chosen and modeled by the RSM method so as to reach the highest percentage of dye removal. The proposed quadratic models to remove both dyes were in good accordance with the actual experimental data. The maximum removal efficiencies of MG and AO dyes in optimal operating conditions were 99.07% and 99.61%, respectively. Also, the coefficients of determination (R2) for test data were 0.9983 and 0.9988 for MG and AO dyes, respectively. The reusability of NaX nanozeolites was evaluated during the adsorption process of MG and AO. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency decreases very little up to five cycles. Moreover, NaX nanozeolites were also applied as adsorbents to remove MG and AO from environmental water samples, and more than 98.1% of both dyes were removed from the solution in optimal conditions.
Vortex beam manipulation through a tunable plasma-ferrite metamaterial
Authors: Nobahar Davod , Khorram Sirous , Rodrigues João D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of vortex beam transmission from an adjustable magnetized plasma-ferrite structure with negative refraction index. We use the angular spectral expansion technique together with the$$4\times 4$$4×4matrix method to find out the transmitted intensity and phase profiles of incoming Laguerre-Gaussian beam. Based on numerical analysis we demonstrate that high transparency and large amount of Faraday rotation in the proximity of resonance frequency region, reverse rotation of spiral wave front, and side-band modes generation during propagation are the remarkable features of our proposed structure. These controllable properties of plasma-ferrite metamaterials via external static magnetic field and other structure parameters provide novel facilities for manipulating intensity and phase profiles of vortex radiation in transmission through the material. It is expected that the results of this work will be beneficial to develop active magneto-optical devices, orbital angular momentum based applications, and wavefront engineering.
Dipole-induced Ohmic contacts between monolayer Janus MoSSe and bulk metals
Authors: Zhao Ning , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUtilizing a two-dimensional material in an electronic device as channel layer inevitably involves the formation of contacts with metallic electrodes. As these contacts can dramatically affect the behavior of the device, we study the electronic properties of monolayer Janus MoSSe in contact with different metallic electrodes by first-principles calculations, focusing on the differences in the characteristics of contacts with the two sides of MoSSe. In particular, we demonstrate that the Fermi level pinning is different for the two sides of MoSSe, with the magnitude resembling that of MoS2 or MoSe2, while both sides can form Ohmic contacts with common electrode materials without any further adaptation, which is an outstanding advantage over MoS2 and MoSe2.
Impact and mechanism of sulphur-deficiency on modern wheat farming nitrogen-related sustainability and gliadin content
Authors: Yu Zitong , She Maoyun , Zheng Ting , Diepeveen Dean , Islam Shahidul , Zhao Yun , Zhang Yingquan , Tang Guixiang , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Jingjuan , Blanchard Christopher L. , Ma Wujun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo challenges that the global wheat industry is facing are a lowering nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and an increase in the reporting of wheat-protein related health issues. Sulphur deficiencies in soil has also been reported as a global issue. The current study used large-scale field and glasshouse experiments to investigate the sulphur fertilization impacts on sulphur deficient soil. Here we show that sulphur addition increased NUE by more than 20% through regulating glutamine synthetase. Alleviating the soil sulphur deficiency highly significantly reduced the amount of gliadin proteins indicating that soil sulphur levels may be related to the biosynthesis of proteins involved in wheat-induced human pathologies. The sulphur-dependent wheat gluten biosynthesis network was studied using transcriptome analysis and amino acid metabolomic pathway studies. The study concluded that sulphur deficiency in modern farming systems is not only having a profound negative impact on productivity but is also impacting on population health.
The electric double layer effect and its strong suppression at Li+ solid electrolyte/hydrogenated diamond interfaces
Authors: Tsuchiya Takashi , Takayanagi Makoto , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Imura Masataka , Ueda Shigenori , Koide Yasuo , Higuchi Tohru , Terabe Kazuya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electric double layer (EDL) effect at solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces has been a key topic in many energy and nanoelectronics applications (e.g., all-solid-state Li+ batteries and memristors). However, its characterization remains difficult in comparison with liquid electrolytes. Herein, we use a novel method to show that the EDL effect, and its suppression at solid electrolyte/electronic material interfaces, can be characterized on the basis of the electric conduction characteristics of hydrogenated diamond(H-diamond)-based EDL transistors (EDLTs). Whereas H-diamond-based EDLT with a Li-Si-Zr-O Li+ solid electrolyte showed EDL-induced hole density modulation over a range of up to three orders of magnitude, EDLT with a Li-La-Ti-O (LLTO) Li+ solid electrolyte showed negligible enhancement, which indicates strong suppression of the EDL effect. Such suppression is attributed to charge neutralization in the LLTO, which is due to variation in the valence state of the Ti ions present. The method described is useful for quantitatively evaluating the EDL effect in various solid electrolytes.
Quantum compiling by deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Moro Lorenzo , Paris Matteo G. A. , Restelli Marcello , Prati Enrico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe general problem of quantum compiling is to approximate any unitary transformation that describes the quantum computation as a sequence of elements selected from a finite base of universal quantum gates. The Solovay-Kitaev theorem guarantees the existence of such an approximating sequence. Though, the solutions to the quantum compiling problem suffer from a tradeoff between the length of the sequences, the precompilation time, and the execution time. Traditional approaches are time-consuming, unsuitable to be employed during computation. Here, we propose a deep reinforcement learning method as an alternative strategy, which requires a single precompilation procedure to learn a general strategy to approximate single-qubit unitaries. We show that this approach reduces the overall execution time, improving the tradeoff between the length of the sequence and execution time, potentially allowing real-time operations.
Conservation agriculture increases the soil resilience and cotton yield stability in climate extremes of the southeast US
Authors: Nouri Amin , Yoder Daniel C. , Raji Mohammad , Ceylan Safak , Jagadamma Sindhu , Lee Jaehoon , Walker Forbes R. , Yin Xinhua , Fitzpatrick Judith , Trexler Brady , Arelli Prakash , Saxton Arnold M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate extremes pose a global threat to crop security. Conservation agriculture is expected to offer substantial climate adaptation benefits. However, synergistic effects of conservation practices on yield during normal versus extreme climates and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we analyze 29-years of climate data, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield, and soil data under 32 management practices in Tennessee, USA. We find that long-term no-tillage enhanced agroecosystem resilience and yield stability under climate extremes and maximized yield under favorable climate. We demonstrate that no-tillage benefits are tied with enhanced soil structural stability and organic carbon. No-tillage enhanced the effectiveness of legume cover crop in stabilizing cotton yield during relatively dry or wet, and dry years, while nitrogen fertilizer rate and precipitation timing, controlled yield stability in wetter years. Our findings provide evidence-based insights into how management strategies can enhance agroecosystem resilience and production stability in climate extremes.