bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Geochemistry of Apatite from Peridotites and Sulfide Ores of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit, NW China
Authors: Liu Mei-Yu , Zhou Mei-Fu , Su Shang-Guo , Chen Xue-Gen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Apatite is present within both the hosting lherzolite and sulfide ore at the Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit of northwest China. Apatite grains within the lherzolite are generally large and hexagonal (&gt;200 μm) and are associated with interstitial phlogopite and amphibole. These apatite grains contain ~0.9 wt % F, ~1 wt % Cl, 6,800 to 14,500 ppm rare earth elements (REE) and have in situ δ18OV-SMOW values of 5.10 to 6.38‰, all of which are indicative of crystallization from an evolved silicate magma. In comparison, the massive and disseminated sulfide ores contain fine-grained apatite (&lt;200 μm) that is associated with sulfide minerals, phlogopite, and albite. These apatite grains contain sulfide inclusions that are indicative of crystallization almost coevally with or slightly later than the sulfide minerals. They are Cl-rich apatite with an average Cl of 5.6 wt % but F concentrations are below the limit of detection. They contain 1,860 to 2,300 ppm REE and have in situ δ18OV-SMOW values of 5.62 to 6.47‰. These data suggest that the sulfide-associated apatite formed from F- and REE-depleted, Cl-bearing sulfide melts. The apatite within the lherzolite was overprinted by later hydrothermal fluids as evidenced by the presence of abundant rounded and needle-like monazite and rare allanite inclusions within the apatite that formed as a result of a coupled metasomatism-reprecipitation process shortly after crystallization. Altered and fresh apatite domains have similar δ18O values, suggesting that this alteration was induced by postmagmatic hydrothermal fluids.
The apatite within the lherzolite and sulfide ore crystallized from two conjugate immiscible silicate and sulfide melts, respectively. Rare earth elements and F were preferentially partitioning into silicate melts, whereas most volatile components were mainly partitioned into the sulfide melts. The silicate magmas from which apatite crystallized were rich in light REE (LREE) relative to heavy REE (HREE). Volatile components in the sulfide melts changed the physicochemical conditions to enable such high-density melts to migrate upward and finally settle in the shallow chamber with silicate rocks.
Evolution of the Magmatic-Hydrothermal System at the Santa Rita Porphyry Cu Deposit, New Mexico, USA: Importance of Intermediate-Density Fluids in Ore Formation
Authors: Tsuruoka Subaru , Monecke Thomas , Reynolds T. James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Santa Rita porphyry Cu deposit in New Mexico, USA, is characterized by a stockwork of three vein types that differ in morphology, mineralogy, and associated alteration assemblages. Early quartz veins associated with potassic alteration are composed of recrystallized granular quartz grains that host ubiquitous hypersaline liquid and vapor-rich fluid inclusions. The early quartz likely formed at high (≳500°C) temperatures and lithostatic pressures. Hypogene Cu mineralization at Santa Rita is in sulfide veins that reopened or crosscut the early quartz veins. The sulfide veins are surrounded by alteration halos containing chlorite and K-feldspar. Rare quartz crystals are present in some of these chalcopyrite and pyrite veins. The cores of the quartz crystals contain hypersaline liquid and vapor-rich fluid inclusions, whereas the rims mostly contain hypersaline liquid inclusions. The quartz crystals are interpreted to have formed close to the ductile-brittle transition as a result of the pressure drop from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions. Formation of the quartz crystals was postdated by the deposition of Cu sulfides. Grain boundaries between the quartz and the sulfide minerals are irregular in shape, with sulfide crosscutting growth zones in the quartz. The Cu sulfides are interpreted to have formed from intermediate-density fluids that form secondary fluid inclusion assemblages in all earlier-formed quartz types. Microthermometric investigations showed that these fluid inclusion assemblages homogenize at ~385° to 435°C by critical or near-critical behavior and have salinities of &lt;10 wt % NaCl equiv. The precipitation of Cu sulfides occurred as a result of cooling of these fluids following their escape from the lithostatic into the hydrostatic realm. Retrograde quartz solubility caused the corrosion of earlier-formed quartz during Cu sulfide deposition. The youngest veins at Santa Rita are composed of quartz and pyrite. These veins are associated with intense sericite alteration that overprinted all earlier alteration assemblages. The late quartz hosts primary and secondary liquid-rich fluid inclusions, but no intermediate-density fluid inclusions were identified. This quartz vein type formed at temperatures &lt;360°C and hydrostatic pressures. The paragenetic relationships show that hypogene Cu mineralization at Santa Rita postdated potassic alteration of the host rocks. The Cu mineralization was formed by cooling intermediate-density fluids with critical or near-critical densities as they escaped from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions.
Comorbidity Burden Contributing to Racial Disparities in Outpatient Versus Inpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wu Mark , Belay Elshaday , Cochrane Niall , O'Donnell Jeffrey , Seyler Thorsten 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasingly common in the setting of early-recovery protocols, value-based care, and removal from the inpatient-only list by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Given the established racial disparities that exist in different aspects of total joint arthroplasty, we aimed to investigate whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in outpatient compared with inpatient TKA.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. We queried TKAs done in 2018. Demographics, inpatient (≥2 midnights) versus outpatient (≤1 midnight) status, comorbidities, and perioperative events/complications were recorded. We analyzed differences between racial/ethnic groups and predictors of inpatient versus outpatient surgery, and outcomes.

Results:
A total of 54,582 patients were included (83.2% Caucasian, 9.2% African American [AA], 4.5% Hispanic, 2.4% Asian, and 0.6% Native American). AA had the highest mean body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and comorbidity burden. AA had the lowest rate of outpatient TKA (18.3%) and Asians the highest rate of outpatient TKA (31.4%, P < 0.0001). AA had the highest postoperative transfusion rate (1.8%, P < 0.0001) and highest rate of discharge to acute rehab (8.4%). Asians had the highest rate of postoperative cardiac arrest and urinary tract infection. AA had the highest rate of acute kidney injury within 30 days. Regression analyses revealed that AAs were more likely to undergo inpatient surgery (odds ratio [OR], 2.58; confidence interval [CI], 1.57-4.23; P = 0.001) and discharge to rehab/skilled nursing facility [SNF] (OR, 2.86; CI, 1.66-4.92; P = 0.001). Asian patients were more likely to undergo outpatient surgery (OR, 2.48, CI, 1.47-4.18, P = 0.001) and discharged to rehab/SNF (OR, 2.41, CI, 1.36-4.25, P = 0.001). Caucasians were more likely to undergo outpatient surgery (OR, 1.62, CI, 1.34-1.97, P = 0.001) and less likely discharged to rehab/SNF (OR, 0.73, CI, 0.60-0.88, P = 0.001). When controlling for comorbidities, race was not an independent risk factor for 30-day complications or inpatient versus outpatient surgery.

Discussion:
Differences in indications for outpatient TKA between races/ethnicities seem to be highly associated with comorbidity burden and preoperative baseline differences, not race alone. Appropriate patient optimization for either outpatient or inpatient TKA may reduce disparities between groups in either care setting.
Impact of Conventional and Open Access Publications in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Zhang Dafang , Blazar Philip , Kilgallen Elliott E. , Earp Brandon E. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
The academic impact of open access publications compared with conventional publications in orthopaedic surgery is not well described. The primary objective of this study was to compare the number of academic citations and social media posts between recent conventional and open access publications in orthopaedic surgery. Secondary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the correlation between academic citations and social media posts and (2) to study the trend of academic citations and social media posts over time.

Methods:
An internet-based study was performed on 3,720 articles from five high-impact orthopaedic journals and their associated open access journals from March 2017 to February 2019, including 2,929 conventional and 791 open access journal publications. Academic citations were quantified using Google Scholar and Web of Science, and social media mentions using Twitter. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons of nonparametric data, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated for correlations.

Results:
The average number of academic citations per article was 10.1 on Google Scholar and 6.0 on Web of Science. The average number of Twitter posts per article was 1.6. Conventional publications had markedly more citations than open access publications on Google Scholar and Web of Science. Open access publications had markedly more Twitter posts, but the effect size was small and unimportant. Academic citations were weakly correlated with social media posts. On average, orthopaedic publications accrue 7.4 citations per year on Google Scholar and 4.6 citations per year on Web of Science.

Discussion:
Our findings support a citation advantage to conventional publication. Publications in open access journals are cited less frequently and less rapidly compared with those in conventional journals. The use of social media for orthopaedic research is effectively equivalent between conventional and open access journals and continues to grow.

Level of Evidence:
N/A
Merits of Surgical Comanagement of Patients With Hip Fracture by Dedicated Orthopaedic Hospitalists
Authors: Rohatgi Nidhi , Weng Yingjie , Kittle Jessie , Ahuja Neera 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Rotating medical consultants, hospitalists or geriatricians, are involved in the care of patients with hip fracture, often after medical complications have already occurred. In August 2012, we implemented a unique surgical comanagement (SCM) model in which the same Internal Medicine hospitalists are dedicated year-round to the orthopaedic surgery service. We examine whether this SCM model was associated with a decrease in medical complications, length of stay, and inpatient mortality in patients with hip fracture admitted at our institution, compared with the previous model.

Methods:
We included 2,252 admissions to the orthopaedic surgery service with a hip fracture between 2009 and 2018 (757 pre-SCM and 1495 post-SCM). We adjusted for age, Charlson comorbidity score, and operating time in all regression analyses.

Results:
Mean Charlson comorbidity score (1.6 versus 1.2) and median case mix index (2.1 versus 1.9) were higher in the post-SCM group. A 32% decrease was observed in the odds of having ≥1 medical complication(s) (odds ratio, 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.91], P = 0.009) post-SCM. No change was observed in length of stay or inpatient mortality despite an increase in medical complexity post-SCM.

Conclusion:
Having dedicated orthopaedic hospitalists may contribute to fewer medical complications in patients with hip fracture.
The Incidence and Significance of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposits in Histologic Examinations of Total Hip, Knee, and Shoulder Joint Arthroplasties
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Goldblum Andrew , Reith John D. , Kilpatrick Scott E. 
Published: March 2021

Context.—
The incidence, distribution, and significance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease have not been extensively compared among various total joint resections.

Objective.—
To investigate and define the clinical and pathologic features of CPPD in hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasties.

Design.—
We retrospectively reviewed consecutive total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty cases (N = 3195) confirmed pathologically between January 1, 2017, and October 10, 2018, comparing clinical and pathologic data.

Results.—
Among 2004 hip arthroplasties, 61 (3%) had CPPD on pathologic examination; the majority had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis, followed by fracture and avascular necrosis. Of 1113 knee arthroplasties, 98 (9%) had CPPD; all had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Among 78 shoulder arthroplasties, 10 (13%) had CPPD; all but one had a histologic diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Patients with hip and knee CPPD were significantly older than those without CPPD. Of the 169 pathologically detected CPPD cases, only 35 (21%) were documented on preoperative radiologic images or by other clinical means; radiology reports were significantly more likely to document chondrocalcinosis in the knees than in the hips. Histologically, CPPD was noted almost exclusively in the separately submitted soft tissues/joint capsule, concomitantly involving the articular cartilage surface in only 3.0% (5 of 169) of cases.

Conclusions.—
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition is more than twice as likely to occur in the knees and shoulders compared with the hips. Patients with CPPD in the knees or hips are usually not recognized preoperatively/radiologically and constitute a significantly older population. Reliably establishing the diagnosis of CPPD requires pathologic examination of the submitted soft tissue/joint capsule.
Les sources américaines de la formation psychiatrique à l’Université de Montréal : à propos d’une enquête inédite de Camille Laurin sur l’enseignement de la psychiatrie aux États-Unis (1962-1964)
Authors: Klein Alexandre 
Published: March 2021

Si la psychiatrie québécoise francophone s’est longtemps inspirée des théories et des pratiques développées en France, c’est pourtant du côté des États-Unis que Camille Laurin, alors directeur du Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal, alla chercher au début des années 1960 des éléments pour réformer son programme de formation. C’est en tout cas ce que nous révèle un document d’archives récemment découvert dans le Fonds du Secrétariat général de l’Université de Montréal. Ce dossier inédit, contenant les résultats d’une enquête menée en 1962-1963 par le psychiatre québécois auprès de ses homologues états-uniens, témoigne de l’importance du modèle américain pour l’affirmation de la psychiatrie de langue française à Montréal et, notamment, pour la mise en place de la première formation psychiatrique complète en français de la province. Il nous rappelle ainsi qu’en pleine Révolution tranquille, les psychiatres francophones du Québec vivaient encore, et de manière nouvelle, leur moment américain.
Marcel Trudel à Harvard : trajectoire d’un « retour d’Amérique »
Authors: Dorais François-Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose d’aborder la problématique du « moment américain » sous l’angle privilégié du parcours intellectuel de Marcel Trudel, historien majeur du renouveau historiographique québécois d’après-guerre. À partir d’une recherche menée dans son fonds d’archives privé, l’article met en perspective le séjour d’études qu'il a fait à l’Université Harvard de l’automne 1945 au printemps 1947. Ce voyage présente un intérêt historiographique à double titre. Dans un premier temps, il permet de mieux comprendre l’itinéraire intellectuel et savant de Trudel, qui officialisera par ce séjour américain son passage de la littérature à l’histoire. Dans un second temps, il offre une prise sur l’expérience états-unienne des universitaires québécois de l’immédiat après-guerre afin d’en mieux saisir les ressorts, le vécu et les effets. Notre analyse montre notamment en quoi ce séjour a provoqué chez l’historien lavallois un certain dépaysement et un choc culturel, qui canalisent l’expression d’un rapport changeant entre le Québec et les États-Unis au milieu du xxe siècle.
UNE ANALYSE SOCIOLOGIQUE DE L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT À PARTIR DES CONCEPTS DE PIERRE BOURDIEU
Authors: Deschenaux Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

Cet article présente une analyse sociologique du processus d’accompagnement mentoral à l’université. La première partie aborde la complexité de la tâche professorale et la difficulté à recruter des mentors. Après avoir esquissé une définition des concepts utilisés, la réflexion s’articule autour de la définition de Gagnon (2017) et propose quatre étapes au processus : 1) la socialisation à un nouveau champ, 2) l’ajustement de l’habitus, 3) l’atteinte d’une maitrise pratique de la pratique et 4) la transformation de l’agent vers le sujet. L’analyse suggère que l’adoption en collégialité des critères à rencontrer pour devenir un mentor et une reconnaissance institutionnelle du travail des mentors constituent des adjuvants à un processus réussi.
Force-velocity relationship profile of elbow flexors in male gymnasts
Authors: Nakatani Miyuki , Murata Kensuke , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Takai Yohei 
Published: March 2021

Background
The theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), and power (Pmax) of athletes calculated from the relationship between force and velocity (F-V relationship) and the slope of the F-V relationship, reflect their competitive and training activity profiles. Evaluating the F-V relationship of athletes facilitates categorizing the profiles of dynamic muscle functions in relation to long-term sport-specific training. For gymnastics, however, no studies have tried to examine the profiles of F-V relation and power output for upper limb muscles in relation to the muscularity, while the use of the upper extremities in this sport is very unique as described earlier.

Purpose
It was hypothesized that the F-V relationship of the elbow flexion in gymnasts might be characterized by low capacity for generating explosive force, notably in terms of the force normalized to muscle size.

Methods
The F0, V0, and Pmax derived from the force-velocity relationship during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads (unloaded condition, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75% of maximal voluntary isometric elbow flexion force (MVFEF)) for 16 gymnasts (GYM) and 22 judo athletes (JD). F0 and Pmax were expressed as values relative to the cross-sectional area index (CSAindex) of elbow flexors (F0/CSAindex and Pmax/CSAindex, respectively), which was calculated from muscle thickness in the anterior upper arm. The electromyogram (EMG) activities of the biceps brachii (BB) during the maximal isometric and dynamic tasks were also determined.

Results
There were no significant differences in CSAindex of elbow flexors between GYM and JD. MVFEF/CSAindex for GYM was significantly lower than that for JD. Force was linearly associated with velocity in the dynamic elbow flexion for all the participants (r = − 0.997 to −0.905 for GYM, r = − 0.998 to −0.840 for JD). F0, F0/ CSAindex, V0, Pmax, Pmax/CSAindex, and MVFEF were significantly lower in GYM than in JD. The activity levels of BB during the dynamic tasks tended to be lower in GYM than in JD at load of <45%MVC.

Conclusion
Gymnasts cannot generate explosive elbow flexion force corresponding to their muscle size. This may be due to low neuromuscular activities during the maximal dynamic tasks against relatively low loads.
Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the Confluence Model in a large diverse sample of college men
Authors: Malamuth Neil M. , Lamade Raina V. , Koss Mary P. , Lopez Elise , Seaman Christopher , Prentky Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the characteristics of sexually violent men who have not been convicted of a crime. The objective of this study was to test the four key interrelated pillars of the Confluence Model. The first key pillar posits the interaction of Hostile Masculinity and Impersonal Sex as core risk predictors. The second pillar entails a “mediated structure” wherein the impact of more general risk factors is mediated via those specific to aggression against women. The third pillar comprises a single latent factor underlying various types of sexual violence. The fourth pillar expands the core model by including the secondary risk factors of lower empathy, peer support, extreme pornography use, and participation in alcohol parties. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,148 male students from 13 U.S. colleges and universities completed a comprehensive survey that assessed the hypothesized risk factors and self‐reported sexual violence, which included noncontact sexual offenses, contact sexual coercion, and contact sexual aggression. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted before testing structural equation models. The results supported the integration of the four pillars within a single expanded empirical model that accounted for 49% of the variance of sexual violence. This study yielded data supporting all four key pillars. These findings provide information about non‐redudant risk factors that can be used to develop screening tools, group‐based and individually tailored psychoeducational and treatment interventions.
Low Resistance and High Stable Solid–Liquid Electrolyte Interphases Enable High‐Voltage Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Cong Lina , Ma Shunchao , Shi Sainan , Li Yanan , Li Sijia , Chen Silin , Zheng Changhui , Sun Liqun , Liu Yulong , Xie Haiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) with addition of liquid electrolytes are considered to possibly replace the current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because they combine the advantages of benign interfacial contact and strong barriers for unwanted redox shuttles. However, solid electrolyte and liquid electrolyte are generally (electro)‐chemically incompatible and the resistance of the newly formed solid–liquid electrolyte interphase (SLEI) appears as an additional contribution to the overall battery resistance. Herein, a boron, fluorine‐donating liquid electrolyte (B, F‐LE) is introduced into the interface between the high‐voltage cathode and ultrathin composite solid electrolyte (CSE), which is fabricated by adhering a high content of nanosized Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), to generate a low resistance and high stable SLEI in situ, giving a stable high‐voltage output with a reinforced cathode|CSE interface. B, F‐LE, consisting of a highly fluorinated electrolyte with a lithium bis(oxalato)borate additive, exhibits good chemical compatibility with CSE and enables rapid and uniform transportation of Li+, with its electrochemically and chemically stable interface for high‐voltage cathode. Eventually, the B, F‐LE assisted LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|Li battery displays the enhanced rate capability and high voltage cycling stability. The findings provide an interfacial engineering strategy to turn SLEI from a “real culprit” into the “savior” that may pave a brand‐new way to manipulate SLEI chemistry in hybrid solid–liquid devices.