bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-fetoprotein combined with initial tumor shape irregularity in predicting the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective multi-center cohort study
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Yong-Shuai , Li Shao-Peng , Zhao Bin , Huang Nan , Song Rui-Peng , Meng Fan-Zheng , Feng Zhi-Wen , Zhang Shen-Yu , Song Hua-Chuan , Chen Xiao-Peng , Liu Lian-Xin , Wang Ji-Zhou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are playing a significant role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to explore the prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and initial tumor shape irregularity in patients treated with ICIs.

Methods
In this retrospective, multi-center study, 296 HCC patients were randomly divided into the training set and the validation set in a 3:2 ratio. The training set was used to evaluate prognostic factors and to develop an easily applicable ATSI (AFP and Tumor Shape Irregularity) score, which was verified in the validation set.

Results
The ATSI score was developed from two independent prognostic risk factors: baseline AFP ≥ 400 ng/ml (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.01–2.96, P = 0.046) and initial tumor shape irregularity (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.03–3.65, P = 0.041). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI 28.20–NA) in patients who met no criteria (0 points), 25.8 months (95% CI 14.17–NA) in patients who met one criterion (1 point), and 17.03 months (95% CI 11.73–23.83) in patients who met two criteria (2 points) (P = 0.001). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.83 months (95% CI 9.27–14.33) for 0 points, 8.03 months (95% CI 6.77–10.57) for 1 point, and 5.03 months (95% CI 3.83–9.67) for 2 points (P < 0.001). The validation set effectively verified these results (median OS, 37.43/24.27/14.03 months for 0/1/2 points, P = 0.028; median PFS, 13.93/8.30/4.90 months for 0/1/2 points, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The ATSI score can effectively predict prognosis in HCC patients receiving ICIs.
Improving result-based schemes for nature conservation in agricultural landscapes—challenges and best practices from selected European countries
Authors: Hagemann Nina , Gerling Charlotte , Hölting Lisanne , Kernecker Maria , Markova-Nenova Nonka N. , Wätzold Frank , Wendler Julian , Cord Anna F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResult-based payment schemes (RBPS) offer a more flexible, innovative and performance-oriented approach to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision in agricultural landscapes, compared to action-based schemes. However, uptake by farmers remains low, likely due to challenges such as lack of appropriate advice, uncertainties related to monitoring of the results and the risk of not receiving the payment. Since detailed information on the design and monitoring of RBPS is often not available in the scientific literature, we analysed 39 RBPS identified across peer-reviewed studies, grey literature, and websites from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Spain. This overview highlights the benefits of implementing RBPS in different European agricultural systems, identifies key design features of current schemes that could enhance adoption and addresses shortcomings such as current limitations in the biodiversity and environmental targets considered, monitoring costs and financing. We also provide an outlook on how to improve RBPS to unlock their full potential, especially in view of increasing uncertainties due to climate change.
Introducing the Perception Index of Gender Equity in Management. Mapping gender prejudice levels in North-West Region, Romania
Authors: Bîrsănuc Elena-Manuela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGender inequities have long been measured and analysed, but their underlying causes have been overlooked. The paper introduces the Perception Index of gender equity in management (PIGEM) as a tool to measure levels of gender prejudice towards female professional empowerment. PIGEM analyses gender biases within 5 dimensions: educational, economic, political, family/private space, and safety/quality of life, depicting both the prejudice levels for each dimension and a total PIGEM score. Being calibrated for Romania’s social and cultural context, the results are correlated with objective secondary data referring to the local level of territorial, social, and economic development through Geographically Weighted Regressions. Results indicate an overall low level of gender prejudice within the North-west region, but high levels of bias within the private space, political, and quality of life dimensions. Furthermore, while the local level of development explains local levels of gender prejudice, socio-economic risks account for larger areas characterized by low and medium levels of bias. PIGEM is presented as a tool for analysing how the attachment to traditional gender-role attitudes is influenced by dynamics taking place within a social space. The methodology presented can be adjusted and applied to other study areas, taking into account the local cultural context.
Challenging Gender Roles during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Employed Palestinian-Arab Mothers in Israel
Authors: Karkabi Maha Sabbah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During the economic lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for unpaid work at home increased. Drawing on gender theory and the time availability explanation, this article explores the way changes in family and work arrangements altered the division of housework and care work in a highly gendered society; Palestinian-Arab dual-earner families in Israel. In-depth interviews with 28 Palestinian-Arab women were conducted to explore the social forces underlying the gendered aspects of family-work arrangements in Palestinian-Arab families in Israel during the pandemic. The findings provide evidence that both undoing and doing gender are observed, with the latter prevailing, leading to an intensification of gender inequalities. This suggests that changes in time availability do not guarantee an egalitarian division of unpaid work because cultural models are the main drivers, emphasizing the cultural context’s importance in understanding the way families arrange their household demands.
Assessing Signs of Burnout Among Recently Ordained Stipendiary Anglican Curates In England
Authors: Smith Greg , Francis Leslie J. , McKenna Ursula , Village Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines the responses of 253 recently ordained stipendiary Anglican curates in the Church of England to the Francis Burnout Inventory during their second year in ministry. The data confirm the internal consistency reliability among recently ordained clergy of the scales proposed by this measure: Scale of Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry, and Satisfaction in Ministry Scale. While positive affect is high, with 90% agreeing with the item that they gain a lot of satisfaction from fulfilling their ministry roles, negative affect is also uncomfortably high, with 35% agreeing with the item that they feel drained by fulfilling their ministry roles. It is those ordained under the age of forty who experienced the highest levels of emotional exhaustion.
The highs and lows of monoamine oxidase as molecular target in cancer: an updated review
Authors: Hâncu Iasmina M. , Giuchici Silvia , Furdui-Lința Adina V. , Lolescu Bogdan , Sturza Adrian , Muntean Danina M. , Dănilă Maria D. , Lighezan Rodica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global burden of cancer as a major cause of death and invalidity has been constantly increasing in the past decades. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) with two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, are mammalian mitochondrial enzymes responsible for the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues with the constant generation of hydrogen peroxide as the main deleterious ancillary product. However, given the complexity of cancer biology, MAO involvement in tumorigenesis is multifaceted with different tumors displaying either an increased or decreased MAO profile. MAO inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (mainly, Parkinson’s disease) and as secondary/adjunctive therapeutic options for the treatment of major depression. Herein, we review the literature characterizing MAO’s involvement and the putative role of MAO inhibitors in several malignancies, and also provide perspectives regarding the potential biomarker role that MAO could play in the future in oncology.
Breathing dirty air, struggling in school: The case of air pollution and Student Learning in Chile
Authors: Hofflinger Álvaro , Boso Àlex , Álvarez Boris , Garrido Jaime 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAir pollution has been linked to various health problems in children, including respiratory and neurological issues. Existing research has also found that exposure to air pollution can affect children's cognitive ability and academic performance, with some studies showing a decrease in test scores and grade point averages associated with increased exposure to hazardous air pollution. This study examined the association between air pollution and children’s academic performance in Chile. This research addressed a critical gap in the literature by providing data from an understudied context and tracking children's academic performance at an individual level over time. We constructed a panel dataset that followed students from 1st to 8th grade and estimated their exposure to PM2.5, based on the distance of their school to air monitoring stations from elementary to middle school. We tracked students' academic performance using a longitudinal fixed-effects regression model to assess the relationship between their grade point average (GPA) and air pollution. The results revealed that, on average, an increase in the percentage of days exceeding different official air quality standards significantly affected students' annual GPA. The study also showed that academic performance among students from families with lower economic resources is disproportionately affected by air pollution. The findings underscore the pressing issue of environmental justice, highlighting that numerous students attend schools in the unhealthy environments of several Chilean cities that frequently bear the burden of socioeconomic disadvantage.
Heavy metal contamination in urban roadside vegetables: origins, exposure pathways, and health implications
Authors: Boahen Ebenezer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUrban agriculture along major highways often exposes food crops to heavy metal contamination, primarily from vehicular emissions. This review examines the origins, exposure pathways, and health risks associated with heavy metals in roadside vegetables. Sources include both tailpipe emissions, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and non-tailpipe emissions from tyre and brake wear, which release zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Contamination occurs through atmospheric deposition on plant surfaces and root uptake from polluted soils. A systematic synthesis of global case studies reveals alarming levels of heavy metals, often exceeding WHO/FAO thresholds. For instance, vegetables cultivated along the Accra-Tema motorway in Ghana contained cadmium levels up to 279 mg/kg, posing significant health risks. Similarly, roadside vegetables in India, Nigeria, and China demonstrated bioaccumulation of toxic elements, with health implications including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. The review highlights the direct and indirect exposure pathways for humans, such as dietary intake of contaminated vegetables, inhalation of particulates, and dermal contact. Health consequences include gastrointestinal distress, neurotoxicity, reproductive issues, and elevated cancer risks. To mitigate these risks, the review advocates for the prohibition of vegetable farming near high-traffic highways, along with the implementation of stringent monitoring programs to assess and control heavy metal levels. Future research should address ecological impacts and integrate diverse contamination sources to develop effective risk management strategies. This work is a critical resource for policymakers, researchers, and urban planners aiming to enhance food safety and public health in urban settings.
Life beyond a jar: Effects of tank size and furnishings on the behaviour and welfare of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)
Authors: Clark-Shen Naomi , Tariel-Adam Juliette , Gajanur Anya , Brown Culum 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Globally, Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) continue to be sold and kept in small, barren jars or tanks, with little concern for their welfare. This study aimed to examine the impact of housing size and furnishings (i.e. live plants, refuges) on the behaviour of Siamese fighting fish, to understand optimal tank conditions. Thirteen male Siamese fighting fish were rotated between five different housing conditions: ‘jar’ (1.5 L); ‘small’ (3.3 L); ‘medium’ (5.6 L); ‘large’ (19.3 L); and ‘large-barren’ (19.3 L). All tanks had gravel and furnishings, except the large-barren tank which was devoid of these. Overall, tank size influenced behaviour. Fish were significantly more active and spent significantly less time resting and performing ‘abnormal’ behaviours (hovering and stereotypic swimming), in the large tank compared to the smaller tanks. Tank furnishings also influenced behaviour. Fishes in the large-barren tank performed more ‘abnormal’ behaviours (hovering, stereotypic swimming, interaction with the walls), compared to the large tank which had furnishings. These results suggest that the small, barren jars and tanks that Siamese fighting fish are often housed in are detrimental to their welfare, and larger, furnished tanks are more optimal. Behavioural variations were observed between the fish in this study, highlighting individual fish personality. We recommend a minimum tank size of 5.6 L for the display and sale of Siamese fighting fish, and tanks larger than this for keeping Siamese fighting fish at home. All tanks should contain gravel, live plants and refuges.
Single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy: Applications and approaches
Authors: Zhang Oumeng , Lew Matthew D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) builds upon super-resolved localization microscopy by imaging orientations and rotational dynamics of individual molecules in addition to their positions. This added dimensionality provides unparalleled insights into nanoscale biophysical and biochemical processes, including the organization of actin networks, movement of molecular motors, conformations of DNA strands, growth and remodeling of amyloid aggregates, and composition changes within lipid membranes. In this review, we discuss recent innovations in SMOLM and cover three key aspects: (1) biophysical insights enabled by labeling strategies that endow fluorescent probes to bind to targets with orientation specificity; (2) advanced imaging techniques that leverage the physics of light-matter interactions and estimation theory to encode orientation information with high fidelity into microscope images; and (3) computational methods that ensure accurate and precise data analysis and interpretation, even in the presence of severe shot noise. Additionally, we compare labeling approaches, imaging hardware, and publicly available analysis software to aid the community in choosing the best SMOLM implementation for their specific biophysical application. Finally, we highlight future directions for SMOLM, such as the development of probes with improved photostability and specificity, the design of “smart” adaptive hardware, and the use of advanced computational approaches to handle large, complex datasets. This review underscores the significant current and potential impact of SMOLM in deepening our understanding of molecular dynamics, paving the way for future breakthroughs in the fields of biophysics, biochemistry, and materials science.
Conservation for nature and wildlife’s sake: the effects of (non-)anthropocentric ethical justifications on policy acceptability
Authors: Yehle Lauren , Michaelsen Patrik , Harring Niklas , Jagers Sverker C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We conduct a survey experiment testing the causal link between ethical justifications and acceptability towards two environmental policies: conservation area expansion and wildlife infrastructure. In a 2 × 3 experiment with American participants (n = 1604), we test two ethical justifications – anthropocentric justification (nature as instrumentally valuable) and a non-anthropocentric justification (nature as intrinsically valuable) compared to a control group. We find partial support that non-anthropocentric justification increases policy acceptability compared to no justification. Contrary to expectations, non-anthropocentric justification leads to higher policy acceptability than anthropocentric justification. These results are robust to individual differences in political orientation and environmental concern. Additionally, participants in the non-anthropocentric experimental condition respond that similar conservation policies generally are, and should be, passed to benefit wildlife and ecosystems compared to control group participants. Likewise, participants given the anthropocentric justification report that similar policies are, and should be, passed for humans and society compared to the control group.
Malmö, Simrishamn, and Norrland: asymmetry in the categorization of place
Authors: Johansson Falck Marlene , Persson Kristina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Categorization plays a crucial role in organizing experiences, allowing us to make sense of the world. This process is reflected in the labels speakers use for geographical areas. This study investigates the categorization of geographical areas reflected in phrases including nouns for the three Swedish regions of Norrland, Svealand, or Götaland, and the conjunction och (‘and’). Using data from the Swedish Korp corpus (Borin et al. 2012), we examine how these regions and areas within them are represented in governmental, news, and social media texts. Results show that Svealand and Götaland are more commonly used with nouns for regions than Norrland. Norrland is used with phrases for more specific locations within the other regions (e.g. their towns and provinces) but also considerably larger areas (e.g. countries and continents) more commonly than the other regions, revealing asymmetry in how geographical areas in Sweden are categorized.
Structural convergence and algebraic roots
Authors: Hartman David , Hons Tomáš , Nešetřil Jaroslav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Structural convergence is a framework for the convergence of graphs by Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez that unifies the dense (left) graph convergence and Benjamini-Schramm convergence. They posed a problem asking whether for a given sequence of graphs

$(G_n)$

converging to a limit

$L$

and a vertex

$r$

of

$L$

, it is possible to find a sequence of vertices

$(r_n)$

such that

$L$

rooted at

$r$

is the limit of the graphs

$G_n$

rooted at

$r_n$

. A counterexample was found by Christofides and Král’, but they showed that the statement holds for almost all vertices

$r$

of

$L$

. We offer another perspective on the original problem by considering the size of definable sets to which the root

$r$

belongs. We prove that if

$r$

is an algebraic vertex (i.e. belongs to a finite definable set), the sequence of roots

$(r_n)$

always exists.
Dignity restored: the power of treatment first
Authors: Biswas Jhilam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The perspective article explores systemic issues in psychiatric care, particularly the barriers to timely treatment and the ethical dilemmas involved in involuntary interventions. It further examines the impact of anosognosia—lack of disease insight—on treatment, noting the difficulties in managing care for those unaware of their illness, and scrutinizes training materials from international organizations that might mislabel necessary psychiatric practices as human rights violations, thereby complicating the care landscape. The discussion extends to the legal and societal implications of psychiatric interventions, using Massachusetts’ Rogers Guardianship as a case study to highlight the consequences of legalistic approaches to mental health treatment.
The article calls for destigmatizing psychiatric treatment and integrating robust, evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and healthcare equity. The global mental health policy landscape is urged to recognize the critical role of psychiatric care in restoring health and dignity to individuals with serious mental illnesses, advocating for a more nuanced understanding and application of human rights in mental health.
Subsurface Flows in Active Regions with Peculiar Magnetic Configurations
Authors: Jain Kiran , Tripathy Sushanta C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present analysis of the evolution of subsurface flows in and around active regions with peculiar magnetic configurations and compare their characteristics with the normal active regions. We also study the zonal and meridional components of subsurface flows separately in different polarity regions separately to better understand their role in flux migration. We use the techniques of local correlation tracking and ring diagrams for computing surface and subsurface flows, respectively. Our study manifests an evidence that the meridional component of the flows near anti-Hale active regions is predominantly equatorward which disagrees with the poleward flow pattern seen in pro-Hale active regions. We also find clockwise or anti-clockwise flows surrounding the anti-Joy active regions depending on their locations in the Southern or Northern hemispheres, respectively.
Solar activity reconstruction from the Georg Eimmart archive of 1616 – 1720
Authors: Zolotova Nadezhda V. , Vokhmyanin Mikhail V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHistorical sunspot records provide piece by piece more information on solar variability on a centennial scale. In this work, we analyze sunspot observations from the archives of Georg Christoph Eimmart, which is the second-richest data set of the Maunder minimum after the archives of the Paris observatory. Comparing the dates of the blank solar disk from the database by Hoyt & Schatten (1998) with dates of observations at the Eimmart observatory, we find that spotless days reports originate from astrometric observations. A comparison of the observations by La Hire and Müller of 1719 suggests that the observations by La Hire were for astrometric purposes as well, rather than aimed at sunspot counting.
Super Flares in M Stars and Associated Characteristics of Active Regions and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Varnana M. Kumar , Girish T. E. , Sathyan Thara N. , Haritha V. G. , Gopkumar G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObservations of super flare occurrence (with energy 1033–1036 erg)s in low mass stars like M dwarfs still remains as a puzzle. In this paper we have inferred the typical sizes and characteristics of magnetic fields associated with active regions in M dwarfs responsible for these super flares. This is done by extrapolation of physical conditions associated with largest solar flares. The average poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields near the surface of selected M dwarfs will be also inferred in this context.