bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of curcumin‐containing nanomicelles on cellular immune responses subtypes and clinical outcome inCOVID‐19 patients
Authors: Hassaniazad Mehdi , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Inchehsablagh Behnaz Rahnama , Kamali Hossein , Tousi Abdolali , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza , Rafat Milad , Fathalipour Mohammad , Nikoofal‐Sahlabadi Sara , Gouklani Hamed , Alizade Hesam , Nikpoor Amin Reza 
Published: September 2021

In COVID‐19 patients, cytokine storm due to excessive immune responses can cause severe complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of curcumin nanomicelles on clinical outcome and cellular immune responses subtypes changes in COVID‐19 patients. A randomized, triple‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was done. Forty COVID‐19 patients were included into two groups of nano‐curcumin and placebo. The nano‐curcumin group received 40 mg of nano‐curcumin capsule, four times per day for 2 weeks. Clinical signs and gene expression of TBX21, GATA3, RORC and FOXP3 genes and IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17 and TGF‐β cytokines serum levels were measured at time points of 0, 7 and 14 days. Serum levels of IFN‐γ (p = .52) and IL‐17 (p = .11) decreased, while IL‐4 (p = .12) and TGF‐β (p = .14) increased in the nano‐curcumin group compared with placebo on day 14. Moreover, gene expressions of TBX21 (p = .02) and FOXP3 (p = .005) genes were significantly decreased and increased between nano‐curcumin and placebo groups on day 7, respectively. It can be concluded that administration of nano‐curcumin in inflammatory phase of COVID‐19 can accelerate recovering of the acute inflammatory phase by modulating inflammatory immune responses. Therefore, it is suggested that this supplement in inflammatory diseases, including COVID‐19, can be effective in controlling the inflammatory responses.
Characterization of equine liver microsome‐generated metabolites of growth hormone secretagogue small molecule ibutamoren
Authors: Philip Moses , Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Subhahar Michael Benedict , Perwad Zubair , Karatt Tajudheen K. 
Published: September 2021

RationaleInterest in growth hormone secretagogues has intensified during the past several years based on capable, ever‐widening investigational applications of recombinant growth hormone in animals and humans. Ibutamoren is a potent, long‐acting, selective and orally active non‐peptide growth hormone secretagogue, which has a great potential for abuse as a performance‐enhancing agent in sports.MethodsTo support drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of chiral pharmaceuticals, it is necessary to combine the resolving power of high‐performance liquid chromatography with the sensitivity of mass spectrometric techniques. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of ibutamoren using equine liver microsomes and metabolite characterization using a QExactive high‐resolution mass spectrometer.ResultsA total of 32 metabolites for ibutamoren (20 phase I and 12 phase II) were detected. The important findings of the current research are as follows: (1) the growth hormone secretagogue ibutamoren was prone to oxidation, resulting in corresponding hydroxylated metabolites; (2) in ibutamoren, the dissociation of the phenyl ring and 2‐amino‐2‐methylpropanamide side chain was also observed; (3) the glucuronic acid conjugates of mono‐, di‐ and trihydroxylated analogues were detected; and (4) no sulfonic acid conjugated metabolites were observed in this study of ibutamoren.ConclusionsThe reported data help in the speedy detection of the growth hormone secretagogue ibutamoren and reveal its illegal use in competitive sports.
A critical appraisal of individual social capital in crisis response
Authors: Morsut Claudia , Kuran Christian , Kruke Bjørn Ivar , Nævestad Tor‐Olav , Orru Kati , Hansson Sten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile there is still a vast body of scholarly research in crisis and disaster management that considers social capital an asset for lessening negative impacts from crises, this paper investigates an underexplored aspect of social capital—its microlevel positive and negative instances in the crisis response—a quite neglected phase of the crisis management cycle when it comes to studying the role of social capital. To underline social capital's double‐edged aspects, this paper draws from the handful of studies that focus on individual social capital in crisis response, to systematize their findings according to bonding, bridging, and linking social capital and positive and negative impacts. In addition, the paper considers these findings to analyze the 2011 Utøya terrorist attack in Norway, to uncover new positive and negative effects of individual social capital, thus contributing to pushing the research agenda toward a more critical appraisal of individual social capital.
A systematic review on global RSV genetic data: Identification of knowledge gaps
Authors: Langedijk Annefleur C. , Harding Eline R. , Konya Burak , Vrancken Bram , Lebbink Robert Jan , Evers Anouk , Willemsen Joukje , Lemey Philippe , Bont Louis J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health problem. A better understanding of the geographical and temporal dynamics of RSV circulation will assist in tracking resistance against therapeutics currently under development. Since 2015, the field of RSV molecular epidemiology has evolved rapidly with around 20–30 published articles per year. The objective of this systematic review is to identify knowledge gaps in recent RSV genetic literature to guide global molecular epidemiology research. We included 78 studies published between 2015 and 2020 describing 12,998 RSV sequences of which 8,233 (63%) have been uploaded to GenBank. Seventeen (22%) studies were performed in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), and seven (9%) studies sequenced whole‐genomes. Although most reported polymorphisms for monoclonal antibodies in clinical development (nirsevimab, MK‐1654) have not been tested for resistance in neutralisation essays, known resistance was detected at low levels for the nirsevimab and palivizumab binding site. High resistance was found for the suptavumab binding site. We present the first literature review of an enormous amount of RSV genetic data. The need for global monitoring of RSV molecular epidemiology becomes increasingly important in evaluating the effectiveness of monoclonal antibody candidates as they reach their final stages of clinical development. We have identified the following three knowledge gaps: whole‐genome data to study global RSV evolution, data from LMICs and data from global surveillance programs.
Neural Stem Cell Treatment for Perinatal Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Smith Madeleine J. , Paton Madison Claire Badawy , Fahey Michael C. , Jenkin Graham , Miller Suzanne L. , Finch-Edmondson Megan , McDonald Courtney A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPerinatal brain injury can lead to significant neurological and cognitive deficits and currently no therapies can regenerate the damaged brain. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to engraft and regenerate damaged brain tissue. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the preclinical literature to determine whether NSC administration is more effective than controls in decreasing perinatal brain injury. Controlled interventional studies of NSC therapy using animal models of perinatal brain injury were identified using MEDLINE and Embase. Primary outcomes were brain infarct size, motor, and cognitive function. Data for meta-analysis were synthesized and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random effects model. We also reported secondary outcomes including NSC survival, migration, differentiation, and effect on neuroinflammation. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. NSC administration decreased infarct size (SMD 1.09; CI: 0.44, 1.74, P = .001; I2 = 74%) improved motor function measured via the impaired forelimb preference test (SMD 2.27; CI: 0.85, 3.69, P = .002; I2 = 86%) and the rotarod test (SMD 1.88; CI: 0.09, 3.67, P = .04; I2 = 95%). Additionally, NSCs improved cognitive function measured via the Morris water maze test (SMD of 2.41; CI: 1.16, 3.66, P = .0002; I2 = 81%). Preclinical evidence suggests that NSC therapy is promising for the treatment of perinatal brain injury. We have identified key knowledge gaps, including the lack of large animal studies and uncertainty regarding the necessity of immunosuppression for NSC transplantation in neonates. These knowledge gaps should be addressed before NSC treatment can effectively progress to clinical trial.
Spalling‐Induced Liftoff and Transfer of Electronic Films Using a van der Waals Release Layer
Authors: Blanton Eric W. , Motala Michael J. , Prusnick Timothy A. , Hilton Albert , Brown Jeff L. , Bhattacharyya Arkka , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Leedy Kevin , Glavin Nicholas R. , Snure Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous integration strategies are increasingly being employed to achieve more compact and capable electronics systems for multiple applications including space, electric vehicles, and wearable and medical devices. To enable new integration strategies, the growth and transfer of thin electronic films and devices, including III‐nitrides, metal oxides, and 2D materials, using 2D boron nitride (BN)‐on‐sapphire templates are demonstrated. The van der Waals (vdW) BN layer, in this case, acts as a preferred mechanical release layer for precise separation at the substrate–film interface and leaves a smooth surface suitable for vdW bonding. A tensilely stressed Ni layer sputtered on top of the film induces controlled spalling fracture that propagates at the BN/sapphire interface. By incorporating controlled spalling, the process yield and sensitivity are greatly improved, owed to the greater fracture energy provided by the stressed metal layer relative to a soft tape or rubber stamp. With stress playing a critical role in this process, the influence of residual stress on detrimental cracking and bowing is investigated. Additionally, a back‐end selected area lift‐off technique is developed which allows for isolation and transfer of individual devices or arbitrary shapes.
Boron‐Mediated Grain Boundary Engineering Enables Simultaneous Improvement of Thermoelectric and Mechanical Properties in N‐Type Bi2Te3
Authors: Zhang Chaohua , Geng Xingjin , Chen Bin , Li Junqin , Meledin Alexander , Hu Lipeng , Liu Fusheng , Shi Jigui , Mayer Joachim , Wuttig Matthias , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Yu Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPowder metallurgy introduces small structures of high‐density grain boundaries into Bi2Te3‐based alloys, which promises to enhance their mechanical and thermoelectric performance. However, due to the strong donor‐like effect induced by the increased surface, Te vacancies form in the powder‐metallurgy process. Hence, the as‐sintered n‐type Bi2Te3‐based alloys show a lower figure of merit (ZT) value than their p‐type counterparts and the commercial zone‐melted (ZM) ingots. Here, boron is added to one‐step‐sintered n‐type Bi2Te3‐based alloys to inhibit grain growth and to suppress the donor‐like effect, simultaneously improving the mechanical and thermoelectric (TE) performance. Due to the alleviated donor‐like effect and the carrier mobility maintained in our n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 alloys upon the addition of boron, the maximum and average ZT values within 298–473 K can be enhanced to 1.03 and 0.91, respectively, which are even slightly higher than that of n‐type ZM ingots. Moreover, the addition of boron greatly improves the mechanical strength such as Vickers hardness and compressive strength due to the synergetic effects of Hall‐Petch grain‐boundary strengthening and boron dispersion strengthening. This facile and cost‐effective grain boundary engineering by adding boron facilitates the practical application of Bi2Te3‐based alloys and can also be popularized in other thermoelectric materials.
An extensive review of data security infrastructure and legislature
Authors: Bhavnani Harshit , Bardia Shreyansh , Modi Aniket , Shah Ujwal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe last few decades have witnessed technology progress with leaps and bounds leading to the creation and global adoption of different types of digital devices and platforms that can make personalized recommendations to an individual. One of the consequences of the ubiquity of these devices is the daily generation of data in large quantities. This data includes the sensitive data of an individual as well as multinational organizations and therefore, it must be always kept confidential to prevent its theft and misuse by malicious parties. However, the large volumes of data generated make it difficult to create a robust security solution to safeguard the data from different types of cyberattacks. The paper contributes to the data security industry by consolidating numerous data security algorithms that change with the infrastructure that the data is amid and also outlines the regulations surrounding it. This review paper also aims to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the security algorithms proposed by researchers to encourage further discussion and consideration of the algorithms for their potential implementation in appropriate domains and also inspire them to develop more powerful and robust security algorithms to cover the drawbacks of the existing ones.
Effectiveness of goreisan–jiinkokato combination for an elderly patient with heart failure: A case report
Authors: Katayose Dai 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTCaseThe patient was a 93‐year‐old female with a clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Drainage was performed by standard treatment, but pleural effusion and congestive heart failure persisted. In addition, intravascular dehydration occurred. Drainage with standard treatment was considered difficult; hence, goreisan and jiinkokato administration was initiated.OutcomeA decrease in pleural effusion, extracellular water/total body water ratio (63.3% versus 60.8%), and serum B‐type natriuretic peptide level (231.1 versus 194.7 pg/mL) was noted after goreisan and jiinkokato administration. Moreover, serum sodium level and osmolality decreased from 151 to 132 mEq/L and 333 to 288 mOsm/L, respectively. Similarly, body temperature decreased considerably. Conversely, body weight increased from 40.9 to 45.8 kg. Based on the abovementioned facts, we believe that congestive heart failure and intravascular dehydration may have been alleviated, thereby correcting the uneven fluid distribution.ConclusionsGoreisan–jiinkokato combination therapy may be effective for the treatment of elderly patients with heart failure.
Optimizing the setup of multienvironmental hybrid wheat yield trials for boosting the selection capability
Authors: Lell Moritz , Reif Jochen , Zhao Yusheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe accuracy of genomic prediction increases with increasing heritability, and thus the challenge of optimizing the design of multienvironment yield trials under a limited budget arises. With this in mind, we aimed to find the best of several options to sparsely distribute a fixed number of plots across different environments to increase the accuracy of hybrid performance prediction. We used a comprehensive published genomic and phenotypic data set of 1,604 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) hybrids and compared several commonly used biometric models for phenotypic data analysis in a resampling study to identify the one that most accurately estimated the hybrid performance in different imbalanced trials. Our results showed that when using information about genotypic relationships, genotypic values were more strongly associated with the reference values than when this information was ignored. In addition, a balanced environmental sampling resulted in an adequate characterization of each environment and increased the accuracy for estimating the hybrid performance. One promising design involved dividing the genotypes into equally sized subgroups that were tested in a subset of environments, with the constraint that the subgroups overlapped with respect to the environments. This scenario appears to be particularly appropriate, as it provided both high accuracies in the estimates of genotypic values and had low variability resulting from the data sample used. Thus, we were able to clearly demonstrate the utility for optimizing the design of multienvironment hybrid wheat yield trials in times of genomic selection.
Glue-and-cut at five loops
Authors: Georgoudis Alessandro , Goncalves Vasco , Panzer Erik , Pereira Raul , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We compute ε-expansions around 4 dimensions of a complete set of master integrals for momentum space five-loop massless propagator integrals in dimensional regularization, up to and including the first order with contributions of transcendental weight nine. Our method is the glue-and-cut technique from Baikov and Chetyrkin, which proves extremely effective in that it determines all expansion coefficients to this order in terms of recursively one-loop integrals and only one further integral. We observe that our results are compatible with conjectures that predict π-dependent contributions.
Kalb-Ramond backgrounds in α′-complete cosmology
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Chouha Paul-Robert , Franzmann Guilherme 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the matter-coupled equations of motion for cosmological NS massless fields including all α′ corrections in an O(d, d) duality invariant approach, with emphasis on the Kalb-Ramond two-form field B(2) and its source. Solutions for the vacuum and matter cases are found and the corresponding Einstein frame cosmologies are discussed. We also show that the ansatz for B(2) required by the duality invariant framework implies that the two-form is non-isotropic.
On quantum deformations of AdS3 × S3 × T4 and mirror duality
Authors: Seibold Fiona K. , van Tongeren Stijn J. , Zimmermann Yannik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We consider various integrable two-parameter deformations of the AdS3 × S3 × T4 superstring with quantum group symmetry. Working on the string worldsheet in light-cone gauge and to quadratic order in fermions, we obtain their common massive tree-level two-body S matrix, which matches the expansion of the conjectured exact q-deformed S matrix. We then analyze the behavior of the exact S matrix under mirror transformation — a double Wick rotation on the worldsheet — and find that it satisfies a mirror duality relation analogous to the distinguished q-deformed AdS5 × S5 S matrix in the one parameter deformation limit. Finally, we show that the fermionic q-deformed AdS5 × S5 S matrix also satisfies such a relation.
Nutrition induced direct fitness for workers in a primitively eusocial wasp
Authors: Krishnan J. U. , Brahma A. , Chavan S. K. , Gadagkar R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEusocial insects are characterised by a reproductive caste differentiation such that egg-laying is restricted to a small number of queens. The majority of the colony members function as non-reproducing workers and gain indirect fitness by rearing the offspring of the reproductives. In primitively eusocial species, some workers can also get direct fitness by sneaking in some eggs in the presence of the queens, replacing the queens and becoming new queens, or initiating new nests. Here we aimed to understand the factors that permit some workers to gain direct fitness and alter the number of workers doing so, using the primitively eusocial waspRopalidia marginata. We transplanted 12 naturally occurring colonies into large laboratory cages where there was adequate space for the workers to leave their natal nests and initiate new colonies. We compared six control colonies that we provided with ad libitum food placed near the nest to six test colonies in which we hand-fed the wasps in addition to the ad libitum food. Wasps in test colonies consumed more food, showed more aggression, replaced their queens, and initiated new nests significantly more often than those in control colonies. When considering all 12 colonies, the rates of queen replacement and nest foundation were significantly positively correlated with food consumption rates. The additional nutrition gained by hand-fed wasps appears to help workers in test colonies to develop their ovaries and lay eggs, implying that they are nutritionally castrated in control colonies.
Numerical approximation of boundary value problems for curvature flow and elastic flow in Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present variational approximations of boundary value problems for curvature flow (curve shortening flow) and elastic flow (curve straightening flow) in two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds that are conformally flat. For the evolving open curves we propose natural boundary conditions that respect the appropriate gradient flow structure. Based on suitable weak formulations we introduce finite element approximations using piecewise linear elements. For some of the schemes a stability result can be shown. The derived schemes can be employed in very different contexts. For example, we apply the schemes to the Angenent metric in order to numerically compute rotationally symmetric self-shrinkers for the mean curvature flow. Furthermore, we utilise the schemes to compute geodesics that are relevant for optimal interface profiles in multi-component phase field models.
Measurements and modelling of the residual mass upon impact of supercooled liquid drops
Authors: Gloerfeld Mark , Roisman Ilia V. , Hussong Jeanette , Tropea Cameron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mass of liquid remaining on a substrate following a drop impact is a crucial quantity for modelling of numerous phenomena, e.g. spray cooling, spray coating or aircraft icing. In the present study, a method to measure this residual mass after impact of liquid drops is introduced. This method is also applicable to supercooled drops, which may freeze upon impact on cold surfaces. Using the data obtained from extensive measurements in which the size, impact speed and temperature of the drops was varied, a modelling of the residual mass is formulated, following closely the theory of Riboux and Gordillo (Phys Rev Lett 113(2):024507, 2014.10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.024507). A key adaptation of this model accounts for the deformation of drops immediately prior to impact. This modified theoretical model results in very good agreement with experiments, allowing prediction of residual mass for a given impact situation.Graphical abstract