bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematic alcohol use in the family and adolescents’ stress-related complaints
Authors: Brolin Låftman S , Magnusson C , Olsson G , Svensson J , Wahlström J , Modin B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
A non-negligible proportion of children grow up in families where problematic alcohol use is present. From a resilience perspective and for the implementation of effective interventions, it is relevant to examine to what extent favourable conditions in other contexts may buffer against such family adversities. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between problematic familial alcohol use and offspring stress-related complaints. Another aim was to explore whether teacher ratings of the school's degree of student focus can buffer against negative health consequences of problem drinking at home.

Methods
Data were drawn from four cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2014 and in 2016 among 8,728 students (∼15-16 years) and 2,024 teachers in 147 Stockholm senior-level school units, with linked school-level register information. Stress-related complaints were measured from students' reports on the weekly co-occurrence of stomach-ache and headache. Teachers' ratings of the school's student focus were measured by an index based on four items which was aggregated to the school level. Student-level sociodemographic characteristics were included as control variables along with the schools' composition and student-teacher ratio. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Problematic familial alcohol use was associated with an increased likelihood of stress-related complaints among students (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.44-2.10). The cross-level interaction revealed that this association was weaker among students in schools with higher levels of student focus.

Conclusions
The study showed that the association between problematic familial alcohol use and students' stress-related complaints was less pronounced in schools with higher teacher ratings of student focus. This finding indicates that favourable conditions in schools can buffer against problematic conditions in the family, thus serving a compensatory role.

Key messages
Students reporting problematic familial alcohol use were more likely to suffer from stress-related complaints. High teacher ratings of the school’s student focus buffered against the association between problematic familial alcohol use and stress-related complaints.
Vegetable intake determinants in disadvantaged adolescents: systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Bel-Serrat S , von der Schulenburg A , Marques-Previ M , Mullee A , Murrin C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence available on the determinants of vegetable intake in young populations is inconsistent. No review has particularly focused on this topic in disadvantaged adolescents. This systematic review aimed to investigate the determinants of vegetable intake in disadvantaged adolescents reported in qualitative studies.

Methods
Five electronic databases were searched until October 2020 using combinations of synonyms for vegetable intake, adolescents, and qualitative methodologies. Studies published in peer-reviewed journals were included if they used qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, focus groups, etc.), targeted disadvantaged individuals aged 12-18 years, investigated determinants, motivators and barriers to vegetable intake, and were conducted in urban settings of high-income countries. Two reviewers independently and systematically summarized the papers, assessed their quality and synthesized the findings across studies.

Results
Sixteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The synthesis of findings identified the following determinants for vegetable intake: sensory attributes of vegetables; psychosocial factors (nutrition knowledge, preferences/liking, self-efficacy, motivation); lifestyle factors (cost/price, time, convenience); fast food properties (taste, cost, satiety); home environment; parental influence; encouragement/support outside the household; friends' influence; school nutrition education; teachers' support; school food environment; local produce; community nutrition knowledge; and availability and accessibility of vegetables in local stores, restaurants and fast-food outlets.

Conclusions
Multiple determinants of vegetable intake were identified which complement those investigated in quantitative studies. Future large scale quantitative studies should attempt to examine the relative importance of these determinants in order to guide the development of successful interventions in disadvantaged adolescents.

Key messages
Vegetable intake is influenced by multiple factors in disadvantaged adolescents. Main determinants are vegetable attributes, personal factors, friends, family, school and community environment.
Digital devices to assess vaccine hesitancy and promote pertussis vaccination during pregnancy
Authors: Arzilli G , Scardina G , Menicagli D , Lucaccini E , Sironi D , Papini F , Tavoschi L , Lopalco PL , Privitera G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Vaccination against pertussis in pregnancy is the main strategy to prevent the disease in the first trimester of life of new-borns. Effective communication is essential to successfully engage pregnant women. The use of digital devices within the outpatient setting may be helpful to engage patients before and during the consultation. The aim of this study was to develop and test an e-health tool to assess vaccine hesitancy and to deliver tailored information and education interventions to raise awareness and promote vaccine acceptance.

Methods
One-hundred-and-five participants were recruited in 4 ob-gyn clinics. Participants were invited to complete a self-administered psychometric questionnaire to assess vaccine hesitancy, disease beliefs and self-efficacy perception on health behaviours on a tablet. Participants were randomly allocated to three communication-format types providing equivalent content: 1)a single video simulating a patient-doctor conversation on the topic; 2)an interactive platform with five infographics videos; 3)a paper leaflet followed by a brief consultation with the physician. The intention to get vaccinated during pregnancy was assessed through a specific question before and after the intervention.

Results
In the pre-intervention phase there was no difference observed between groups in terms of the variable “intention” to get vaccinated. After the intervention, participants of groups 1 and 3 showed a higher intention to get vaccinated than group 2 at the Kruskal-Wallis test (H(2)=6.008, p &lt; 0.05). Post-intervention intention to vaccinate correlated with Individual Self-Efficacy (rs(105)=0.30, p &lt; 0.001) and was inversely associated with vaccine hesitancy (rs(105)=0.34, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
We implemented and assessed the impact of different communication strategies to promote vaccine uptake among pregnant women. Our results suggest comparable effect may be obtained using simulated versus live patient-physician communication.

Key messages
The use of digital devices allows an effective and manageable communication about vaccination to pregnant women. In the present study, the implementation of digital forms of communication allowed a comparison with standard procedures of information towards vaccination, demonstrating their equivalence.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) among brick kiln workers in Indore, India
Authors: Agarwal S , Verma N , Verma S , Kothiwal K , Mandloi N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR), promotes utilization of skilled maternal and neonatal care. Preparing for childbirth reduces delays in seeking care. Brick-kiln workers constitute a vulnerable social group who contribute to city infrastructure by laboring at low wages. 37% of the sample were Scheduled Castes, 49% Scheduled Tribes.

Methods
139 mothers of children &lt; 2 years, residing temporarily in brick kilns of Indore were asked about preparedness for birth of youngest child. Birth preparedness was assessed by enquiring about saving money, arranging transport, identifying health facility for delivery, identified family member to accompany for labor/emergency.

Findings
10% did &gt;3 BPACR practices implying good level of preparedness; 50% did 1-2 BPACR practices; 40% did no birth preparedness. Access to maternity benefit scheme was twice as likely to result in reasonable birth preparedness as compared to no access. Those with primary to class XII were twice as likely to practice birth preparedness as compared to those with no formal education. &gt;3 ANC was associated with 8 percentage points greater practice of reasonable BPACR as compared to &lt; 2 or no ANC. Mothers with knowledge of one danger sign each of pregnancy and delivery were 3 times more likely to practice BPACR than those without this knowledge. FGDs revealed challenges in access to bank account, obtaining required documents to apply for and access state maternity benefit. Lack of family support led to low BPCAR and low institutional delivery.

Conclusions
Brick-kiln women face risk of low utilization of government healthcare services. The health systems should conduct outreach antenatal care sessions in brick-kilns on knowledge of key danger signs and BPACR during health education and ANC counselling can help promote BPACR and hospital delivery. Information on requisite steps to apply for maternity benefit schemes should be shared among brick-kiln workers.

Key messages
It is crucial to promote BPACR among urban vulnerable sections, through NUHM’s outreach sessions by ANMs/ASHAs in brick-kiln, construction workers and similar groups. Access to maternity benefit cash transfer scheme should be enhanced particularly among excluded temporary urban groups such as brick-kiln workers as it is a motivation to avail hospital care.
“Ma sei fuori?”: a path to awareness on mental health and stigma
Authors: Iardino R , Sacchi M , Massari E , Iardino S , Brogonzoli L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Mental health issues, frequently associated with weirdness and danger, can easily derail the lives of the people who suffer from them, creating loneliness and isolation. Due to stigma, people with mental health disorders could experience limitation in their economic, social and cultural human rights. In the effort to fight stigma against mental health issues, Fondazione The Bridge promoted a contest called “Ma sei fuori?”, targeted to students from secondary school. “Ma sei fuori?” could be translated as “Are you off your rocker?” or, more simply, as “Are you crazy?”; this phrase has been adopted by our juvenile slang to identify a person who's generally considered “not in line”. To those who answered our public call, we sent the contest regulation and factsheets on schizophrenia and stigma, matched with a brief bibliography/filmography. Students involved had to develop a slogan on stigma linked with music and images; 140 classes competed. The best catchphrase had been voted by a jury composed of influencers, clinicians, policy makers, writers, patient associations and other KOLs; besides the winning class, the jury issued three special mentions. All the results had been broadcasted live on Facebook during a public event. The winning class, as prize, got access to financial resources for didactic use and its slogan will be the core of a TV spot. The project had been backed by a communication campaign on TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, with the involvement of the most famous italian tiktokers; just on TikTok the campaign reached 4.8 billion views. The project final scope was to raise young people's awareness about mental health issues and stigma, by stimulating a cultural shift. Students underlined another important result: working together online after school during the pandemic helped them filled the gap caused by the lack of socialization. Projects of this kind, easily replicable in other contests, could help creating a common language on the impact of stigma.

Key messages
Social stigma still has a great impact on the lives of people with mental issues and disorders. Tackling bias and discrimination is the first step to raise awareness and build a stronger community. As a community, we must promote a responsible behavior and a common language to tackle prejudice on mental health issues; starting from young people could be the key to boost a cultural shift.
Depression and anxiety symptoms among Slovenian tertiary students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Selak Š , Crnkovič N , Šorgo A , Cesar K , Gabrovec B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive measures associated with it radically affected educational processes in Slovenia. Schools were suspended and teaching was shifted to home-based distance learning models, with higher education institutions carrying this out for the longest period of time. The pandemic has also had an impact on mental health, and tertiary students seem to be particularly vulnerable.

Methods
A cross-sectional internet survey was conducted in February and March 2021. The final sample consisted of 5999 respondents. The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Slovenian tertiary students was assessed using the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7). Participants with and without more pronounced depressive and anxiety symptoms were dichotomized using a cut-off value of 10 points, with higher scores indicating higher presence of symptoms and categorized into 5 severity levels according to total scale scores. Suicidal ideation was examined using 9th item of the PHQ-9.

Results
Data show that 55% of respondents reported having more pronounced depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10), with 16% reporting severe depressive symptoms. 5.1% of respondents reported having suicidal ideation more than half of the days and 5% reported having them almost every day. 51.3% of respondents reported having more pronounced anxiety symptoms (GAD -7≥10), with 30.7% reporting severe anxiety symptoms. Females reported more depressive and anxiety symptoms than males.

Conclusions
The results of the present study are to some extent consistent with the findings of comparable studies, but show higher proportions of depressive and anxiety symptoms with the highest severity levels. The data suggest that there is a case for tailored public health interventions that respond to the identified mental health needs of tertiary students in Slovenia.

Key messages
55% of respondents reported having depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10), with 16% reporting severe depressive symptoms, and 10.1% reported frequent suicidal ideation. 51.3% of the respondents reported having more pronounced anxiety symptoms (GAD -7≥10), with 30.7% reporting severe anxiety symptoms.
A qualitative study on the consequences of workplace violence in psychiatric settings
Authors: Piras I , Minafra F , Tusconi M , Piras G , Portoghese I , Azara A , Piana A , Contu P , Galletta M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Violence against health care workers in psychiatric settings presents worrying data in the literature. Violence effects for healthcare professionals and organizations are absence from work for injury or illness, decreased job satisfaction and lower quality of work. The aim of the study was to identify the consequences of violence on health, work habits and performance of nurses who work with psychiatric patients.

Methods
The study was carried out by using a semi-structured interview with 12 nurses from different hospital and territorial psychiatric settings in Southern Italy. The interviews were conducted from July to October 2020 by telephone and recorded with the consent of the participants. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed.

Results
The data show that 91.7% of the interviewees were assaulted by patients. Eight nurses (66.7%) were aggressed several times and six (50%) suffered physical violence. The narratives revealed that patients mainly suffered from drug addiction and that half of them were on pharmacological treatment. Nurses reported feelings of anger, helplessness, fear and frustration; five nurses experienced health consequences, including low mood, anxiety, stress and nervousness. Some of them described pain from physical injuries and permanent effects caused by the assault. An attacked nurse has been absent from work for injury. The aggressions resulted in a change of nurses' work habits and performances; they were more careful after the aggression and modified their approach to the patient. Some of them developed skills and strategies to protect themselves and avoid aggression, others developed greater faith in the efficacy of the prescribed drug. However, the events also caused job dissatisfaction.

Conclusions
Aggression has a negative impact on nurses' health and work performance. Healthcare organizations should take into account the self-protection strategies identified by professionals and support them to prevent violence.

Key messages
Violence at work compromises nurses' health and work performance in psychiatric settings. Safer work settings could improve nurses' job satisfaction and the quality of patient care.
The long-term mental health outcome of adolescent with depression and alcohol abuse comorbidity
Authors: Brolin Låftman S , Ssegonja R , Alaie I , Jonsson U , Bohman H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Alcohol abuse often co-occurs with adolescent depression and about 1-2% suffer from the dual diagnosis in adolescence. This group is often undertreated or receive inadequate treatment for either of the conditions. Both conditions affect the developing brain and poor long-term outcome might be a potential risk. Yet, long-term follow-up studies are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse if adolescent depression and alcohol abuse predict poorer mental health in adulthood compared to individuals without either or both conditions.

Methods
A community-based sample of individuals with adolescent depression in 1991-93 and matched non-depressed peers were followed up using a structured diagnostic interview after 15 years. The participation rate was 65% (depressed n = 227; non-depressed controls n = 155). Information on alcohol abuse in adolescence was collected at baseline with a structured interview. The outcome was mental disorders between the ages 19-31 years; information on depression and alcohol abuse was collected at the follow-up with a structured diagnostic interview. The statistical method used was binary logistic regression.

Results
Adolescents with depression and alcohol abuse had an excess risk of recurrence of depression (OR 2.12, p &lt; 0.05) and alcohol abuse (OR 6.72, p &lt; 0.01) in adulthood, compared with adolescents with depression only, even when adjusted for confounders. Adolescents with alcohol abuse only had not significantly worse long-term outcome compared with their healthy peers.

Conclusions
The co-occurrence of depression and alcohol abuse in adolescence is associated with long-lasting health consequences compared to either condition alone. This finding indicates that there is a need to prioritize this group of patients that is at risk of suboptimal treatment, and to further develop effective treatment adjusted to the co-occurring condition.

Key messages
The co-occurrence of adolescent depression and alcohol abuse has long lasting mental health consequences compared to either condition alone. Improved treatment methods are important for this group of adolescents.
Frequent users of ED’s perspectives about a case management intervention in Western Switzerland
Authors: Schaad L , Graells M , Moullin J , Kasztura M , Schmutz E , Hugli O , Daeppen J-B , Grazioli V , Bodenmann P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Management of frequent users of the emergency department (FUED; ≥5 visits/year) is a known challenge. Studies show that case management (CM) improves FUEDs' quality of life while reducing their number of emergency department visits and associated costs. However, little is known about FUEDs' own perspectives on CM.

Methods
This qualitative study was part of a larger study aiming to implement CM for FUED in French-speaking Switzerland. Participants were FUEDs included in the parent study, who had either completed the CM intervention or were still enrolled. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 participants (75% female; mean age=40.55, SD = 12.84), randomly drawn from the parent study sample. Content analysis was performed by two researchers to assess participants' perceptions on the CM intervention.

Results
Most participants endorsed general positive perceptions of CM. CM differed from their usual treatment by two characteristics: its holistic approach and the quality of the relationship with the case manager. Also, moral support was perceived as a main benefit. FUEDs perceived four outcomes: an increase in motivation (e.g., day-to-day life or health-related), better orientation in and interaction with the healthcare system and improved health literacy. Finally, FUEDs identified two negative aspects to the CM: few perceived benefits (e.g., not enough concrete outcomes) and negative consequences (e.g., feeling ashamed to come back to ED). Three obstacles were identified: case manager's lack of time, COVID-19's influence (e.g., less personal contact) and uncertainty around the program (e.g., organization, aims). The personal relationship with their case manager was perceived as the main driver to positive outcomes.

Conclusions
FUED perceived the program as useful and considered the relationship with the case manager as key for positive outcomes. Our findings also suggest ways to improve CM, such as clarifying its organization and aims.

Key messages
In FUEDs’ opinion, the CM intervention had many positive outcomes, often relying on the relationship with the case manager. However, the CM intervention had also some negatives.