bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Community Health Workers in Community Health Centers
Authors: Park Jeongyoung , Regenstein Marsha , Chong Nicholas , Onyilofor Chinelo L. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Until 2016, community health centers (CHCs) reported community health workers (CHWs) as part of their overall enabling services workforce, making analyses of CHW use over time infeasible in the annual Uniform Data System (UDS).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine changes in the CHW workforce among CHCs from 2016 to 2018 and factors associated with the use of CHWs.

Research Design, Subjects, Measures:
The two-part model estimated separate effects for the probability of using any CHW and extent of CHW full-time equivalents (FTEs) reported in those CHCs, using a total of 4102 CHC-year observations from 2016 to 2018. To estimate the extent to which increases in CHW workforce are attributable to real growth or rather are a consequence of a change in reporting category, we also conducted a difference-in-differences analysis to compare non-CHW enabling services FTEs between CHCs with and without CHWs before (2013–2015) and after (2016–2018) the reporting change in 2016.

Results:
The rate of CHCs that employed CHWs rose from 20.04% in 2016 to 28.34% in 2018, while average FTEs stayed relatively flat (3.32 FTEs). Patient visit volume (larger CHCs) and grant funding (less reliant on federal but more reliant on private funding) were significant factors associated with CHW use. However, we found that a substantial portion of this growth was attributable to a change in UDS reporting categories.

Conclusion:
While we do not address the reasons why CHCs have been slow to use CHWs, our results point to substantial financial barriers associated with CHCs’ expanding the use of CHWs.
Alternative Approaches to Ensuring Adequate Nurse Staffing
Authors: Han Xinxin , Pittman Patricia , Barnow Burt 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to addresses the basic question of whether alternative legislative approaches are effective in encouraging hospitals to increase nurse staffing.

Methods:
Using 16 years of nationally representative hospital-level data from the American Hospital Association (AHA) annual survey, we employed a difference-in-difference design to compare changes in productive hours per patient day for registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs), and nursing assistive personnel (NAP) in the state that mandated staffing ratios, states that legislated staffing committees, and states that legislated public reporting, to changes in states that did not implement any nurse staffing legislation before and after the legislation was implemented. We constructed multivariate linear regression models to assess the effects with hospital and year fixed effects, controlling for hospital-level characteristics and state-level factors.

Results:
Compared with states with no legislation, the state that legislated minimum staffing ratios had an 0.996 (P<0.01) increase in RN hours per patient day and 0.224 (P<0.01) increase in NAP hours after the legislation was implemented, but no statistically significant changes in RN or NAP hours were found in states that legislated a staffing committee or public reporting. The staffing committee approach had a negative effect on LPN hours (difference-in-difference=−0.076, P<0.01), while the public reporting approach had a positive effect on LPN hours (difference-in-difference=0.115, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant effect of staffing mandate on LPN hours.

Conclusions:
When we included California in the comparison, our model suggests that neither the staffing committee nor the public reporting approach alone are effective in increasing hospital RN staffing, although the public reporting approach appeared to have a positive effect on LPN staffing. When we excluded California form the model, public reporting also had a positive effect on RN staffing. Future research should examine patient outcomes associated with these policies, as well as potential cost savings for hospitals from reduced nurse turnover rates.
The Association of Race, Ethnicity, and Wages Among Registered Nurses in Long-term Care
Authors: Wagner Laura M. , Bates Timothy , Spetz Joanne 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
This study seeks to measure wage differences between registered nurses (RNs) working in long-term care (LTC) (eg, nursing homes, home health) and non-LTC settings (eg, hospitals, ambulatory care) and whether differences are associated with the characteristics of the RN workforce between and within settings.

Study Design:
This was a cross-sectional design. This study used the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN) public-use file to examine RN employment and earnings.

Methods:
Our study population included a sample of 15,373 RNs who were employed at least 1000 hours in nursing in the past year and active in patient care. Characteristics such as race/ethnicity, type of RN degree completed, census region, and union status were included. Multiple regression analyses examined the effect of these characteristics on wages. Logistic regression was used to predict RN employment in LTC settings.

Results:
RNs in LTC experienced lower wages compared with those in non-LTC settings, yet this difference was not associated with racial/ethnic or international educational differences. Among RNs working in LTC, lower wages were associated with part-time work, less experience, lack of union representation, and regional wage differences.

Conclusion:
Because RNs in LTC earn lower wages than RNs in other settings, policies to minimize pay inequities are needed to support the RN workforce caring for frail older adults.
Gender and racial disparities in the transplant surgery workforce
Authors: Valbuena Valeria S.M. , Obayemi Joy E. , Purnell Tanjala S. , Scantlebury Velma P. , Olthoff Kim M. , Martins Paulo N. , Higgins Robert S. , Blackstock Daryle M. , Dick André A.S. , Watkins Anthony C. , Englesbe Michael J. , Simpson Dinee C. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
This review explores trends in the United States (US) transplant surgery workforce with a focus on historical demographics, post-fellowship job market, and quality of life reported by transplant surgeons. Ongoing efforts to improve women and racial/ethnic minority representation in transplant surgery are highlighted. Future directions to create a transplant workforce that reflects the diversity of the US population are discussed.

Recent findings
Representation of women and racial and ethnic minorities among transplant surgeons is minimal. Although recent data shows an improvement in the number of Black transplant surgeons from 2% to 5.5% and an increase in women to 12%, the White to Non-White transplant workforce ratio has increased 35% from 2000 to 2013. Transplant surgeons report an average of 4.3 call nights per week and less than five leisure days a month. Transplant ranks 1st among surgical sub-specialties in the prevalence of three well-studied facets of burnout. Concerns about lifestyle may contribute to the decreasing demand for advanced training in abdominal transplantation by US graduates.

Summary
Minimal improvements have been made in transplant surgery workforce diversity. Sustained and intentional recruitment and promotion efforts are needed to improve the representation of women and minority physicians and advanced practice providers in the field.
Shame in Response to Affective Expression and Its Relation to Social Anhedonia and Schizotypy Traits
Authors: Gerhart James , Russ Eric U. , Alonzi Sarah , Hoerger Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Schizotypy is marked by negative symptoms including blunted affect, social isolation, and social anhedonia. Contemporary personality theory suggests that maladaptive shame regulation may disrupt interpersonal function across personality disorders. We hypothesized that “affect shame”—a conditioned response of shame evoked by openly expressing emotions would co-occur with interpersonal deficits in schizotypy. As hypothesized, affect shame was associated with interpersonal deficits (r = 0.17, p < 0.001), physical anhedonia (r = 0.13, p = 0.001), and social anhedonia (r = 0.17, p = 0.001). The observed findings were upheld in analyses controlling for demographic characteristics, depression symptom severity, and neuroticism and were maintained consistently across sensitivity analyses. Findings suggest that shame related to emotional expression is related to interpersonal deficits in schizotypy and have implications for our understanding of the etiology and treatment of this disorder.
A Qualitative Investigation Into Faith and LGBTQ Identities in a Nonclinical Sample of Readers of the Dear Abby Column
Authors: Ghazzawi Alhasan , Casoy Flávio , Libby Naomi , McIntosh Chris , Barber Mary , Adelson Stewart , Ahola Joanne , Ashley Kenneth , Chavez Alexis M. , Erickson-Schroth Laura , Fadus Matthew , Goldenberg David , Hung Kenneth , Lothwell Lorraine , Mattson Marlin , McAfee Scot G. , Nowaskie Dustin Z. , Schwartz Alan , Tompkins David Andrew , Yarbrough Eric R. , Drescher Jack 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To better understand the relationship between faith and LGBTQ+ identity, we conducted a qualitative analysis of 86 respondents to a general question posed through the Dear Abby column. Responses were anonymized and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Analysis revealed six themes, reflecting a diversity of lived experience from community rejection to acceptance, and self-rejection to feelings of acceptance by God. Despite frequent media portrayals of conflict between faith and LGBTQ+ identity, the reality is more complex, and faith and LGBTQ+ identity development can be complementary.
Common coupling map advances GPCR-G protein selectivity
Authors: Hauser Alexander S. , Avet Charlotte , Normand Claire , Mancini Arturo , Inoue Asuka , Bouvier Michel , Gloriam David E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs act on membrane receptors that couple to G proteins to achieve appropriate functional responses. While G protein transducers from literature are annotated in the Guide to Pharmacology database, two recent large-scale datasets now expand the receptor-G protein ‘couplome’. However, these three datasets differ in scope and reported G protein couplings giving different coverage and conclusions on GPCR-G protein signaling. Here, we report a common coupling map uncovering novel couplings supported by both large-scale studies, the selectivity/promiscuity of GPCRs and G proteins, and how the co-coupling and co-expression of G proteins compare to the families from phylogenetic relationships. The coupling map and insights on GPCR-G protein selectivity will catalyze advances in receptor research and cellular signaling towards the exploitation of G protein signaling bias in design of safer drugs.
Interpretable deep learning for chromatin-informed inference of transcriptional programs driven by somatic alterations across cancers
Authors: Tao Yifeng , Ma Xiaojun , Palmer Drake , Schwartz Russell , Lu Xinghua , Osmanbeyoglu Hatice Ulku 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer is a disease of gene dysregulation, where cells acquire somatic and epigenetic alterations that drive aberrant cellular signaling. These alterations adversely impact transcriptional programs and cause profound changes in gene expression. Interpreting somatic alterations within context-specific transcriptional programs will facilitate personalized therapeutic decisions but is a monumental task. Toward this goal, we develop a partially interpretable neural network model called Chromatin-informed Inference of Transcriptional Regulators Using Self-attention mechanism (CITRUS). CITRUS models the impact of somatic alterations on transcription factors and downstream transcriptional programs. Our approach employs a self-attention mechanism to model the contextual impact of somatic alterations. Furthermore, CITRUS uses a layer of hidden nodes to explicitly represent the state of transcription factors (TFs) to learn the relationships between TFs and their target genes based on TF binding motifs in the open chromatin regions of tumor samples. We apply CITRUS to genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic data from 17 cancer types profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas. CITRUS predicts patient-specific TF activities and reveals transcriptional program variations between and within tumor types. We show that CITRUS yields biological insights into delineating TFs associated with somatic alterations in individual tumors. Thus, CITRUS is a promising tool for precision oncology.
Dysfunction of an energy sensor NFE2L1 triggers uncontrollable AMPK signal and glucose metabolism reprogramming
Authors: Yang Qiufang , Zhao Wenshan , Xing Yadi , Li Peng , Zhou Xiaowen , Ning Haoming , Shi Ranran , Gou Shanshan , Chen Yalan , Zhai Wenjie , Wu Yahong , Li Guodong , Chen Zhenzhen , Ren Yonggang , Gao Yanfeng , Zhang Yiguo , Qi Yuanming , Qiu Lu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNFE2L1 (also called Nrf1) acts a core regulator of redox signaling and metabolism homeostasis, and thus its dysfunction results in multiple systemic metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which NFE2L1 regulates glycose and lipid metabolism is still elusive. Here, we found that the loss of NFE2L1 in human HepG2 cells led to a lethal phenotype upon glucose deprivation. The uptake of glucose was also affected by NFE2L1 deficiency. Further experiments unveiled that although the glycosylation of NFE2L1 was monitored through the glycolysis pathway, it enabled to sense the energy state and directly interacted with AMPK. These indicate that NFE2L1 can serve as a dual sensor and regulator of glucose homeostasis. In-depth sights into transcriptome, metabolome and seahorse data further unraveled that glucose metabolism was reprogrammed by disruption of NFE2L1, so as to aggravate the Warburg effect in NFE2L1-silenced hepatoma cells, along with the mitochondrial damage observed under the electron microscope. Collectively, these demonstrate that disfunction of NFE2L1 triggers the uncontrollable signaling by AMPK towards glucose metabolism reprogramming in the liver cancer development.
Population modelling insights of extinct environments: the case of the Kem Kem palaeocommunity
Authors: dos Anjos Lucas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Kem Kem beds are well-known palaeontological deposits. Among the species that lived there, there are some large theropods, such as Deltadromeus agilis, Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, and Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. It is possible that these large predators were facultative scavengers, and they could compete for carrion. In the present paper, I simulate a small community module of this environment, consisting of Carrion, Fishes, Spinosaurus, and a functional group composed of large terrestrial Theropods. I assume that these top predators feed on carrion, but they also have exclusive food sources. I show that these exclusive food sources could have assured the possibility of coexistence, and in their absence, one top predator could be locally extinct.
Response of the Oligo-Miocene Bivalve Fauna of the Kutch Basin (Western India) to Regional Tectonic Events
Authors: Dutta Saurav , Chattopadhyay Devapriya 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTTectonic changes has influenced the evolution of the marine community by changing the land and seaway configuration through time. Two such tectonic events during Oligo-Miocene times — the closure of the Tethyan seaway due to development of theGomphotherium-Landbridge leading to separation of the Arabian Sea from proto-Mediterranean Sea (∼19 Ma) and significant uplift of the Tibetan plateu marking the initiation of the monsoon (∼16 Ma) — represent a classic case of tectonic shift influencing the regional environment of the Indian subcontinent. We investigated the taxonomic and body size related response of the shallow marine fauna to this regional change using bivalves from 11 time-constrained shellbeds of the Kutch Basin (western India) from three formations — Maniyara Fort (Chattian), Khari Nadi (Aquitanian) and Chhasra (Burdigalian-Langian) representing a time span of ∼9 Ma (24.4 – 15 Ma).Our collection of over 2000 individuals represents a total of 15 families and 61 morphospecies. The fossils are predominantly calcitic in nature and families of aragonitic composition are often preserved as molds indicating a potential negative effect of diagenesis. The taphonomic nature, however, does not vary substantially across shellbeds and hence, less likely produced a temporal pattern. The five most abundant species,Ostrea latimarginata, Ostrea angulata, Talochlamys articulata, Anomia primaevaandPlacuna lamellataoccur in all the formations. The species composition of the Maniyara Fort formation is substantially different from those of the younger formations implying the possible effect of biogeographic separation. Moreover, the absence of proto-Mediterranean taxa in Oligocene shellbeds support a limited faunal exchange as early as ∼24.4Ma (Chattian) ago. We observed a monotonic increase in the overall rarefied species richness and a decrease in evenness from the Maniyara Fort to the Chhasra Formation. However, shellbed analyses show a dominantly conservative behavior of diversity and body size without a strong directional trend through time. Although it is difficult to rule out the negative influence of taphonomy on the diversity of the studied fauna, Oligo-Miocene marine bivalve fauna of the Kutch Basin demonstrate little or no influence of the Tethyan closure and Himalayan upliftment.
Spinal reconsolidation engages non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling to reverse pain hypersensitivity
Authors: D’Souza Abigail J. , Rodriguez-Hernandez David , Zhang Hantao , He David , Zain Maham , Fung Samuel , Bennett Laura A. , Bonin Robert P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReconsolidation enables the activity-dependent modification of memory traces and has been used to reverse addiction, fear memory, and pain hypersensitivity in animal models. We demonstrate that non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signalling in the spinal dorsal horn is sufficient to reverse pain hypersensitivity and necessary for pain modulation by spinal reconsolidation. These findings reveal a key process by which reconsolidation disrupts memory traces that may be exploited in the treatment of pain and other disorders.
CaPTure: Calcium PeakToolbox for analysis of in vitro calcium imaging data
Authors: Tippani Madhavi , Pattie Elizabeth A. , Davis Brittany A. , Nguyen Claudia V. , Wang Yanhong , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Maher Brady J. , Martinowich Keri , Jaffe Andrew E. , Page Stephanie Cerceo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCalcium imaging is a powerful technique for recording cellular activity across large populations of neurons. However, analysis methods capable of single-cell resolution in cultured neurons, especially for cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are lacking. Existing methods lack scalability to accommodate high-throughput comparisons between multiple lines, across developmental timepoints, or across pharmacological manipulations.ResultsWe developed a scalable, automated Ca2+ imaging analysis pipeline called CaPTure (https://github.com/LieberInstitute/CaPTure). This method detects neurons, classifies and quantifies spontaneous activity, quantifies synchrony metrics, and generates cell- and network-specific metrics that facilitate phenotypic discovery. The method is compatible with parallel processing on computing clusters without requiring significant user input or parameter modification.ConclusionCaPTure allows for rapid assessment of neuronal activity in cultured cells at cellular resolution, rendering it amenable to high-throughput screening and phenotypic discovery. The platform can be applied to both human- and rodent-derived neurons and is compatible with many imaging systems.
Beyond traditional visual sleep scoring: massive feature extraction and unsupervised clustering of sleep time series
Authors: Decat Nicolas , Walter Jasmine , Koh Zhao H. , Sribanditmongkol Piengkwan , Fulcher Ben D. , Windt Jennifer M. , Andrillon Thomas , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSleep is classically measured with electrophysiological recordings, which are then scored based on guidelines tailored for the visual inspection of these recordings. As such, these rules reflect a limited range of features easily captured by the human eye and do not always reflect the physiological changes associated with sleep. Here we present a novel analysis framework that characterizes sleep using over 7700 time-series features from thehctsasoftware. We used clustering to categorize sleep epochs based on the similarity of their features, without relying on established scoring conventions. The resulting structure overlapped substantially with that defined by visual scoring and we report novel features that are highly discriminative of sleep stages. However, we also observed discrepancies ashctsafeatures unraveled distinctive properties within traditional sleep stages. Our framework lays the groundwork for a data-driven exploration of sleep and the identification of new signatures of sleep disorders and conscious sleep states.
Angicin, a novel bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus
Authors: Vogel Verena , Bauer Richard , Mauerer Stefanie , Schiffelholz Nicole , Haupt Christian , Seibold Gerd M. , Fändrich Marcus , Walther Paul , Spellerberg Barbara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a conserved defense mechanism, many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, called bacteriocins, which give a colonization advantage in a multispecies environment. Here the first bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus, designated Angicin, is described. S. anginosus is commonly described as a commensal, however it also possesses a high pathogenic potential. Therefore, understanding factors contributing to its host colonization and persistence are important. A radial diffusion assay was used to identify S. anginosus BSU 1211 as a potent bacteriocin producer. By genetic mutagenesis the background of bacteriocin production and the bacteriocin gene itself were identified. Synthetic Angicin shows high activity against closely related streptococci, listeria and vancomycin resistant enterococci. It has a fast mechanism of action and causes a membrane disruption in target cells. Angicin, present in cell free supernatant, is insensitive to changes in temperature from −70 to 90 °C and pH values from 2-10, suggesting that it represents an interesting compound for potential applications in food preservation or clinical settings.
The X-linked splicing regulator MBNL3 has been co-opted to restrict placental growth in eutherians
Authors: Spruce Thomas , Plass Mireya , Gohr André , Ray Debashish , de Lagrán María Martínez , Rot Gregor , Nóvoa Ana , Burguera Demian , Permanyer Jon , Miret Marta , Zheng Hong , Swanson Maurice S. , Morris Quaid , Mallo Moises , Dierssen Mara , Hughes Timothy R. , Pernaute Barbara , Irimia Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe eutherian placenta is a major site for parental genetic conflict. Here, we identify the X-linked Mbnl3 gene as a novel player in this dispute. Mbnl3 belongs to an RNA binding protein family whose members regulate alternative splicing and other aspects of RNA metabolism in association with cellular differentiation. We find that, in eutherians, Mbnl3 has become specifically expressed in placenta and has undergone accelerated sequence evolution leading to changes in its RNA binding specificities. Although its molecular roles are partly redundant with those of Mbnl2, Mbnl3 has also acquired novel biological functions. In particular, whereas Mbnl2;Mbnl3 double knockout mice display severe placental maturation defects leading to strong histological and functional abnormalities, Mbnl3 knockout alone results in increased placental growth and favors placental and fetal resource allocation during limiting conditions.