bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using theory and evidence to design behaviour change interventions for reducing unsustainable wildlife consumption
Authors: Doughty Hunter , Oliver Kathryn , Veríssimo Diogo , Lee Janice Ser Huay , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEfforts to shift unsustainable human behaviour are at the crux of many conservation interventions, particularly when addressing illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade. These efforts, often in the form of behaviour change interventions, have proven largely unable to counteract this pervasive issue, however, leading to calls for more robust intervention designs.In behavioural science fields like public health, design processes that integrate human behaviour theory and evidence from data collection are often developed to ground behaviour change interventions within a strong understanding of the context, thus supporting interventions that are efficient and have a higher likelihood of success.Here we detail the foundational process of designing an intervention around the use of a wildlife product by a particular group: Singaporean consumers of saiga horn (from the Critically EndangeredSaiga tatarica).We employ both qualitative and quantitative data, along with human behaviour theories and past literature on the study system, to develop a comprehensive understanding of the many influences driving this target audience to purchase saiga horn products.We use this insight to identify the key influences to leverage in a behaviour change intervention: those that are both the most powerful and the most amenable to change.This work provides a reproducible process which can be used by other intervention implementers, highlights the often complex intricacies of socially influenced behaviour, and demonstrates why a methodical understanding of these intricacies is invaluable when attempting to shift human behaviour for conservation goals.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effect of nanotoxicity and enhancement in performance of polymer composites using nanofillers: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Chaudhary Vijay , Ahmad Furkan , Manral Ankit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymer composite materials are consistently being used in various industrial and domestic applications due to their lightweight, high‐specific strength, and low cost. In order to enhance various performance of polymer composites, a suitable nanofiller can be used. Polymer composites, which take advantage of natural fibers and nanofillers, synergistically, contribute to improved properties and environmental condition by making them suitable for various applications (aerospace, automobile industries, electronics, biomedical, etc.). The present study gives an insight of nanofiller‐based polymer composite and the challenges associated with processing methods. The use of nanofillers in polymer composites to enhance their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact, and tribological) and most importantly the self‐healing property due to which they are finding numerous applications. This study also includes the problems associated with excessive use of nanomaterial leading to various environmental and health hazards. The problems and their remedies associated with nano‐toxicity have also been addressed.
Effects of peer relationship and peer presence on giving and repaying in preschoolers' triad interactions
Authors: Li Xia , Wu Xiling , Hou Mulan , Zeng Meihong , Jiang Nengzhi , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess social preferences in dynamic interpersonal interactions among preschool children and to examine the effects of peer relationship (friend vs. stranger) and peer presence (peer presence vs. peer absence) on giving and repaying. Ninety‐nine children participated in a triad game, which consisted of two mixed‐dictator games. The allocations from a proposer in the first dictator game were evaluated as giving, and the allocations from two respondents in the second dictator game were evaluated as repaying friends and strangers. The results indicated that children did not have any specific social preferences for friends in giving and repaying but had altruistic and fair preferences for giving to strangers, and strangers had egoistic preferences in repaying. Furthermore, children allocated more to strangers than to friends and allocated more in peer presence. Besides, friends positively reciprocated to proposers in peer absence and repaid less in peer presence. However, strangers consistently repaid less regardless of whether peers were present or not. These results provide more evidence for the assumption of weak ties in giving and demonstrate the strength of strong ties in repaying. These findings enhance our understanding of the interplay of childhood interactions in the development of early relationships.
Effects of social information on duration perception by different mechanisms in sub‐ and supra‐second range: Evidence from face features
Authors: Ren Weicong , Guo Xiujuan , Liu Chang , Yuan Tao , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHuman faces convey abundant social information. The influence of social information on duration estimation was examined by comparing a cartoon face (CF; social) condition with geometric plane figures, or CFs with internal elements disturbed from their normal position (non‐social) condition, and also by comparing a human portrait facing the front (more social interaction) condition with the portrait facing the back (less social interaction) condition. Results showed that in the supra‐second range, both CFs and human portraits facing the front led to an underestimation compared with non‐social or less social information conditions. In the sub‐second range, only portraits facing the front were overestimated compared with those facing the back and with the CFs. These results suggest that in the millisecond range, the biological information conveyed by faces may lead to higher arousal, which may result in accelerated clock speed and overestimation. In the supra‐second range, it is possible that attention was diverted by social information, resulting in duration underestimation. Taken together, our results suggest that the different mechanisms were involved in duration perception of social information conveyed by face feature in the sub‐ and supra‐second range.
Photoinitiation mechanisms and photogelation kinetics of blue light induced polymerization of acrylamide with bicomponent photoinitiators
Authors: Sun Guangdong , Huang Yi , Ma Junxiang , Li Dapeng , Fan Qinguo , Li Yongqiang , Shao Jianzhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlue light induced free radical photopolymerization of acrylamide (AM) was studied using five bicomponent photoinitiators, camphorquinon, riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate sodium, curcumin, eosin Y, and Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (Ru(II)) as photosensitizer, and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate or potassium persulfate as electron acceptor. Fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopies were used in combination with molecular orbital computations to characterize the photochemical behaviors of the five bicomponent photoinitiators, explore the possible electron transfer pathways of the photoinitiation processes, and quantify photopolymerization efficiencies. Real‐time photogelation behavior of poly(AM) was monitored by Photo‐differential scanning calorimetry and photo‐rheometry. Photogelation kinetic parameters, including dG′ (storage modulus)/dt, dG″ (loss modulus)/dt, time delay of gelation (td), and duration of gelation (Δtgel), were derived from photorheological data analyses and used to identify the best bicomponent photoinitiator candidate for rapid fabrication of blue light induced photopolymerizable hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Catalyst‐enhanced plasma oxidation of n‐butane over α‐MnO2 in a temperature‐controlled twin surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Peters Niklas , Schücke Lars , Ollegott Kevin , Oberste‐Beulmann Christian , Awakowicz Peter , Muhler Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA twin surface dielectric barrier discharge is used for the catalyst‐enhanced plasma oxidation of 300 ppm n‐butane in synthetic air. Plasma‐only operation results in the conversion of n‐butane into CO and CO2. Conversion is improved by increasing the temperature of the feed gas, but selectivity shifts to undesired CO. α‐MnO2 is used as a catalyst deposited on the electrodes by spray coating with a distance of 1.5 mm between the uncoated grid lines and the square catalyst patches to prevent the inhibition of plasma ignition. The catalyst strongly influences selectivity, reaching 40% conversion and 73% selectivity to CO2 at a specific energy density of 390 J·L−1 and 140°C, which is far below the onset temperature of thermocatalytic n‐butane conversion.
Maternal psychiatric status and infant wheezing: The role of maternal hormones and cord blood cytokines
Authors: Yilmaz Ozge , Yasar Adem , Caliskan Polat Arzu , Ay Pinar , Alkin Tunc , Taneli Fatma , Odabasi Cingoz Ferhan , Hasdemir Pinar S. , Simsek Yurda , Yuksel Hasan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRationaleMaternal psychosocial stress might be associated with development of allergic diseases in the offspring.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of maternal depression and anxiety with ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing among infants and to assess the role of maternal hypothalamo‐pituatary‐adrenal axis changes and fetal immune response in this association.MethodsThis study encompasses two designs; cohort design was developed to evaluate the association of prenatal depression with development of wheezing in infants while nested case–control design was used to assess the role of maternal cortisol and tetranectin and cord blood interleukin 13 and interferon γ.ResultsWe enrolled 697 pregnant women. Elementary school graduate mother (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, p = .06), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 3.4, p = .001), familial history of asthma (OR = 2.7, p < .001) increased the risk of ever wheezing. Elementary school graduate mother (OR = 2.6, p = .002), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 4.8, p < .001) and familial history of asthma (OR = 1.7, p = .01) increased the risk of recurrent wheezing. Maternal previous psychiatric disease, or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were not associated with wheezing. Maternal tetranectin levels were significantly higher among never wheezers compared to the ever wheezers (264.3 ± 274.8 vs. 201.6 ± 299.7, p = .04).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the major risk factors for ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing were maternal smoking, level of education and family history of asthma. However, maternal depression and anxiety were not determined as risk factors for wheezing. Maternal tetranectin carries potential as a biomarker for wheezing in the infant.
A density matrix renormalization group investigation on the electronic states of MnGen−/0/+ (n = 1–3) clusters
Authors: Tran Van Tan , Tran Quoc Tri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMnGen−/0/+ (n = 1–3) clusters have complicated geometric and electronic structures. In this work, we explored the isomers and electronic states of MnGen−/0/+ (n = 1–3) clusters by using density functional theory, CASPT2, and DMRG‐CASPT2 methods. The DMRG‐CASPT2 method with active spaces up to 23 orbitals could provide accurate relative energies of the low‐lying states. The results showed that the electronic states of MnGen−/0/+ (n = 1–3) have strong multireference wave functions. The hybrid PBE0 functional was sufficient to calculate the relative energies of the electronic states of manganese‐doped germanium clusters. The leading configurations, bond distances, bond orders, harmonic vibrational frequencies, relative energies, and electron detachment energies of the relevant electronic states of MnGen−/0/+ (n = 1–3) were reported. The computational results in this work showed that the DMRG‐CASPT2 method with large active spaces can be employed to study the structures and properties of transitional metal‐containing clusters with strong electron correlation effects.
Dual‐Channel Theranostic System for Quantitative Self‐Indication and Low‐Temperature Synergistic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Wang Cheng , Chen Shaoqing , Yu Fangying , Lv Jianghong , Zhao Rui , Hu Fuqiang , Yuan Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA conventional theranostic system usually employs a single fluorescence channel to show the pharmacokinetic events, which usually fails to quantitatively reveal the true cumulative drug release and with low accuracy. Herein, indocyanine green (ICG) and chlorins e6 (Ce6) are selected not only as conventional photothermal/photodynamic agents, but also to offer two independent fluorescence channels to cross validate the authenticity of pharmacokinetic events and to quantitatively reveal cumulative drug release in tumor tissues in a “turn on” manner. Employing the Ca2+ of amorphous calcium carbonate as a reversible linker, the photosensitivity and fluorescence of Ce6 are physically quenched by ICG during circulation to reduce the side effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) while being readily restored in tumor tissue to reveal the quantitative drug release. Most importantly, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and PDT allows low‐temperature synergistic therapy of cancer through the controlled expression of heat shock protein in cells and mild hyperthermia enhanced reactive oxygen species diffusion/penetration among cells. This work not only develops a facile approach to fabricate a dual‐channel theranostic system to precisely indicate the accumulation and quantitative drug release in tumor tissue, but also presents a unique low‐temperature synergistic strategy to destroy tumor in an effective and minimally invasive manner.
Performance assessment based on stochastic differential equation and effort data for edge computing
Authors: Tamura Yoshinobu , Yamada Shigeru 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMany open‐source software are included in commercial software. Also, several open‐source software are used in the cloud service such as OpenStack and Eucalyptus from standpoint of the unified management, cost reduction and maintainability. In particular, the operation phase of cloud service has a unique feature with uncertainty such as big data and network connectivity, because the operation phase of cloud service changes depending on many external factors. On the other hand, the effective methods of performance assessments for cloud service have only a few presented. Recently, edge computing is the focus of attention because of the problems of connection and processing delay in case of cloud computing. It is known as that cloud computing treats big data. On the other hand, edge computing operates on instant data. We focus on the performance assessments based on the relationship between the cloud and edge services operated by using several open‐source software. Then we propose a two‐dimensional stochastic differential equation model considering the unique features with uncertainty from big data under the operation of cloud and edge services. Also, we analyse actual data to show numerical examples of performance assessments considering the network connectivity as characteristics of cloud and edge services. Moreover, we compare the noise terms of the proposed model for actual data.
Resource‐rational approach to meta‐control problems across the lifespan
Authors: Ruel Alexa , Devine Sean , Eppinger Ben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, research on cognitive control and decision‐making has revealed that individuals weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in or refraining from control and that whether and how they engage in these cost–benefit analyses may change across development and during healthy aging. In the present article, we examine how lifespan age differences in cognitive abilities affect the meta‐control of behavioral strategies across the lifespan and how motivation affects these trade‐offs. Based on accumulated evidence, we highlight two hypotheses that may explain the existing results better than current models. In contrast to previous theoretical accounts, we assume that age differences in the engagement in cost–benefit trade‐offs reflect a resource‐rational adaptation to internal and external constraints that arise across the lifespan.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Development and Aging
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Decolonising River Restoration: Restoration as Acts of Healing and Expression of Rangatiratanga
Authors: Parsons Meg , Fisher Karen , Crease Roa Petra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe argue that it is important to acknowledge that river restoration (both in theory and practice) still remains largely located within the realm of the hegemonic Western knowledge systems. In this chapter we challenge the Eurocentrism of dominant ecological restoration projects by documenting the different framing and approaches to restoration being employed by Māori (the Indigenous of Aotearoa New Zealand). We focus our attention on the collective efforts of one tribal group (Ngāti Maniapoto) who are working to decolonise how their ancestral river is managed and restored through the use of Indigenous Knowledge, augmented by Western scientific techniques. A key focus is on restoration that is underpinned by the principle of kaitiakitanga (environmental guardianship) and devoted to healing fractured relationships between humans and more-than-humans.
Fascial Space Infections
Authors: Gaddipati Rajasekhar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDental infection has plagued humankind for as long as our civilization has been a fight against microorganisms by man dates back to ancient civilization. The discovery of antibiotics is encouraging trends conquest of the microbial infections. Infection of the deep facial spaces of the head and neck still represents a major challenge in hospitals. Untreated infections may result in abscess formation that can spread through different levels in and between the facial spaces and result in life-threatening situations including mediastinitis, pericarditis, meningitis, septic shock, airway compromise, jugular vein thrombosis, and arterial erosion, Although the complications are rare, they are serious and life threatening. The most critical point in the facial space infections is the understanding of the common and uncommon signs and symptoms, choice of antibiotics, definitive treatment and a thorough knowledge about the sequela if left unmanaged.
Rare Facial Clefts
Authors: Gosla Reddy Srinivas , Acharya Avni Pandey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rarity of craniofacial clefts has made the amassing and complete anatomic documentation of extensive arrangement irksome. Preoperative and postoperative CT inspects with three-dimensional propagations of extensive arrangements will give the reason to quantitative examination of cautious mediations and improved understanding of the advancement components of the truly contorted craniofacial skeleton. Just with complete radiologic and employable examination of these phenomenal craniofacial changes would we have the option to esteem the giant of the reconstructive test. The assessment of this understanding and of our healing interventions will simply go with the development of a fourth estimation time.
Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Irollo Elena , Luchetta Jared , Ho Chunta , Nash Bradley , Meucci Olimpia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits in people living with HIV. HAND is still common in patients that take antiretroviral therapies, although they tend to present with less severe symptoms. The continued prevalence of HAND in treated patients is a major therapeutic challenge, as even minor cognitive impairment decreases patient’s quality of life. Therefore, modern HAND research aims to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cognitive impairment in people with HIV and identify promising molecular pathways and targets that could be exploited therapeutically. Recent studies suggest that HAND in treated patients is at least partially induced by subtle synaptodendritic damage and disruption of neuronal networks in brain areas that mediate learning, memory, and executive functions. Although the causes of subtle neuronal dysfunction are varied, reversing synaptodendritic damage in animal models restores cognitive function and thus highlights a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we examine evidence of synaptodendritic damage and disrupted neuronal connectivity in HAND from clinical neuroimaging and neuropathology studies and discuss studies in HAND models that define structural and functional impairment of neurotransmission. Then, we report molecular pathways, mechanisms, and comorbidities involved in this neuronal dysfunction, discuss new approaches to reverse neuronal damage, and highlight current gaps in knowledge. Continued research on the manifestation and mechanisms of synaptic injury and network dysfunction in HAND patients and experimental models will be critical if we are to develop safe and effective therapies that reverse subtle neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
Uniform Exponential Stability of Perturbed Semigroups: The Dyson–Phillips Formula Versus Gil’s Approach Via Commutators
Authors: Gregosiewicz Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe discuss the uniform exponential stability of strongly continuous semigroups generated by operators of the form $$ A+B $$

A
+
B

, where B is a bounded perturbation of a generator A. We compare two approaches to the problem: via the Dyson–Phillips formula and via the size of the norm of the commutator of A and B- the method recently developed by M. Gil’. We show that quite often the first approach is more powerful than the second one and, more importantly, easier to use.
Untersuchungen zum Schädigungspotenzial durch den Konsum von E-Zigaretten
Authors: Wiest F. , Scherzad A. , Ickrath P. , Poier N. , Hackenberg S. , Kleinsasser N. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die E‑Zigarette erfreut sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmender Beliebtheit. Die Frage nach der Toxizität ist jedoch noch nicht eindeutig geklärt, und es herrscht global Unsicherheit im Umgang mit der E‑Zigarette.

Ziel
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Propylenglykol, ein Hauptbestandteil der Liquide, in Bezug auf mögliche akute Entzündungsreaktionen, zyto- und genotoxische Auswirkungen auf humane Nasenschleimhautzellen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Die Nasenschleimhautzellen wurden von zehn Probanden im Air-Liquid-Interface kultiviert und anschließend mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen des Propylenglykols bedampft. Die Analyse erfolgte mittels Trypanblau-Test, Comet-Assay, Mikrokerntest und IL-6- und IL-8-Sandwich-ELISA.

Ergebnis
Der Trypanblau-Test zeigte keine Reduktion der Vitalität. Im Sandwich-ELISA konnte kein Anstieg der IL-6- und IL-8-Konzentrationen nachgewiesen werden. Im Comet-Assay zeigte das Olive Tail Moment eine Schädigung im Vergleich zur Negativkontrolle in allen untersuchten Konzentrationen. Zudem zeigte sich eine dosisabhängige Schädigung. Im Mikrokerntest konnte ein Unterschied zwischen dem Reinstoff und der Negativkontrolle gefunden werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Es zeigten sich möglicherweise reparable DNS-Schädigungen im Comet-Assay. Im Mikrokerntest konnten diese nur in der Reinstoffkonzentration bestätigt werden. Es sollte ein restriktiver Umgang mit der E‑Zigarette erfolgen, bis insbesondere Langzeitstudien vorliegen. Zudem ist eine eindeutige Deklaration der Inhaltsstoffe der Liquide durch die Hersteller zu fordern, um weitergehende Schädigungspotenziale untersuchen zu können.