bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New ultrasound-guided techniques in chronic pain management: an update
Authors: Ergönenç Tolga , Stockman Janneken 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
The introduction of ultrasound guidance in interventional pain management leads to the development of new interventional pain management techniques. Ultrasound-guided (UG) interventional pain management is rapidly developing and increasingly more commonly used, due to its many advantages over traditional radiologic imaging modalities. This review will summarize recent literature around novel interventional pain techniques with ultrasound guidance published over the last 18 months.

Recent findings
Many new interventional pain management methods have been described in the last few years in the literature. The use of ultrasonography in interventional pain management played a crucial role in these developments. This review includes newly described interventional methods in the literature. The review particularly focussed on the methods that are used to treat the pain in the hip, shoulder, knee, and lumbar area. These new techniques hold promise for significant improvements in the efficacy and safety of interventional pain management.

Summary
There have been many innovations in UG interventional procedures, however, some of them require more rigorous validation before their widespread use.
Training strategies for point of care ultrasound in the ICU
Authors: Cheng Jason , Arntfield Robert 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Ultrasound in critical care medicine (CCUS) is a relatively young tool that has been evolving rapidly as skillsets, applications and technology continue to progress. Although ultrasound is identified as a core competency in intensive care unit (ICU) training, there remains significant variability and inconsistencies in the delivery of ultrasound training. The goal of this narrative review is to explore areas of consensus and highlight areas where consensus is lacking to bring attention to future directions of ultrasound training in critical care medicine.

Recent findings
There exists considerable variation in competencies identified as basic for CCUS. Recent efforts by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine serve as the most up to date iteration however implementation is still limited by regional expertise and practice patterns. Major barriers to ultrasound training in the ICU include a lack of available experts for bedside teaching and a lack of familiarity with new technology.

Summary
Though international uptake of CCUS has made many gains in the past 20 years, further adoption of technology will be required to overcome the traditional barriers of CCUS training. Although the availability and time constraints of experts will remain a limitation even with wireless capabilities, the ability to expand beyond the physical constraints of an ultrasound machine will vastly benefit efforts to standardize training and improve access to knowledge.
Same day discharge for craniotomy
Authors: Goldmacher Jesse , Bernstein Mark , Venkatraghavan Lashmi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Same-day protocols for craniotomy have been demonstrated to be feasible and safe. Its several benefits include decreased hospital costs, less nosocomial complications, fewer case cancellations, with a high degree of patient satisfaction. This paper reviews the most recent publications in the field of same-day discharge after craniotomy.

Recent findings
Since 2019, several studies on same-day neurosurgical procedures were published. Ambulatory craniotomy protocols for brain tumor were successfully implemented in more centers around the world, and for the first time, in a developing country. Additional information emerged on predictors for successful early discharge, and the barriers and enablers of same-day craniotomy programs. Moreover, the cost benefits of same-day craniotomy were reaffirmed.

Summary
Same- day discharge after craniotomy is feasible, safe and continues to expand to a wider variety of procedures, in new institutions and countries. There are several benefits to ambulatory surgery. Well-established protocols for perioperative management are essential to the success of early discharge programs. With continued research, these protocols can be refined and implemented in more institutions globally, ultimately to provide better, more efficient care for neurosurgical patients.
Anesthesia and intraoperative neurophysiological spinal cord monitoring
Authors: Sahinovic Marko M. , Gadella Maria C. , Shils Jay , Dulfer Sebastiaan E. , Drost Gea 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
We will explain the basic principles of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during spinal surgery. Thereafter we highlight the significant impact that general anesthesia can have on the efficacy of the IONM and provide an overview of the essential pharmacological and physiological factors that need to be optimized to enable IONM. Lastly, we stress the importance of teamwork between the anesthesiologist, the neurophysiologist, and the surgeon to improve clinical outcome after spinal surgery.

Recent findings
In recent years, the use of IONM has increased significantly. It has developed into a mature discipline, enabling neurosurgical procedures of ever-increasing complexity. It is thus of growing importance for the anesthesiologist to appreciate the interplay between IONM and anesthesia and to build up experience working in a team with the neurosurgeon and the neurophysiologist.

Summary
Safety measures, cooperation, careful choice of drugs, titration of drugs, and maintenance of physiological homeostasis are essential for effective IONM.
The Value of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for the Staging of Node-Negative Colon Cancer
Authors: Weixler Benjamin , Ramser Michaela , Warschkow Rene , Viehl Carsten T. , Vaughan-Shaw Peter G. , Zettl Andreas , Kettelhack Christoph , Zuber Markus 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Mediation analysis to assess the protective impact of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping on prognosis and survival of patients with colon cancer through a more precise evaluation of the lymph node (LN) status.

Background:
Up to 20% of patients with node-negative colon cancer develop disease recurrence. Conventional histopathological LN examination may be limited in describing the real metastatic burden of LN.

Methods:
Data of 312 patients with stage I & II colon cancer was collected prospectively. Patients were either staged using intraoperative SLN mapping with multilevel sectioning and immunohistochemical staining of the SLN or conventional techniques. The value of the SLN mapping for the detection of truly node-negative patients was assessed using Cox regression and mediation analysis.

Results:
SLN mapping was performed in 143 patients. Disease recurrence was observed in 13 (9.1%) patients staged with SLN mapping and in 27 (16%) staged conventionally. Five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 82.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.5–89.4%) with SLN mapping compared with 65.8% (95% CI, 58.8–73.7%). Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 95.1% (95% CI, 91.3–99.0%) with SLN mapping compared with 92.5% (95% CI, 88.0–97.2%). Node-negative staging with SLN mapping was associated with significantly better OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56–0.72; P < 0.001) and CSS (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39–0.61; P < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. Mediation analysis confirmed a direct protective effect of SLN mapping on OS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; P < 0.01) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48–0.89; P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Staging performed by SLN mapping with multilevel sectioning provides more accurate results than conventional staging. The observed clinically relevant and statistically significant benefit in OS and DFS is explained by a more accurate detection of positive LN by SLN mapping.
Considerations for successful therapeutic immunization in HIV cure
Authors: Mothe Beatriz , Brander Christian 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
In this special issue on human immunodeficiency (HIV) cure, we review the role of therapeutic immunization in strategies aimed to eliminate HIV-infected cells and/or mediate sustained control of viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment.

Recent findings
Recent data emerging from studies in simian immunodeficiency virus macaque models using broadly neutralizing antibodies, given alone or in combination with other immunomodulatory agents, as well as data from human clinical studies with novel therapeutic vaccines are showing encouraging results indicating that achieving viral remission or at least partial viral control of HIV without antiretroviral therapy is feasible.

Summary
Although it remains unclear whether current strategies will be able to awaken a sufficient large fraction of the viral reservoir and/or vaccine-boosted immunity will induce effective, long-lasting viral suppression in chronically infected HIV population, emerging results establish cure strategies that can be further improved upon.
Spatial Errors in Automated Geocoding of Incident Locations in Australian Suicide Mortality Data
Authors: Torok Michelle , Konings Paul , Passioura Jason , Chen Nicole A. , Hewett Michael , Phillips Matthew , Burnett Alexander , Shand Fiona , Christensen Helen 
Published: July 2021

Background:
There is increasing interest in the spatial analysis of suicide data to identify high-risk (often public) locations likely to benefit from access restriction measures. The identification of such locations, however, relies on accurately geocoded data. This study aims to examine the extent to which common completeness and positional spatial errors are present in suicide data due to the underlying geocoding process.

Methods:
Using Australian suicide mortality data from the National Coronial Information System for the period of 2008–2017, we compared the custodian automated geocoding process to an alternate multiphase process. Descriptive and kernel density cluster analyses were conducted to ascertain data completeness (address matching rates) and positional accuracy (distance revised) differences between the two datasets.

Results:
The alternate geocoding process initially improved address matching from 67.8% in the custodian dataset to 78.4%. Additional manual identification of nonaddress features (such as cliffs or bridges) improved overall match rates to 94.6%. Nearly half (49.2%) of nonresidential suicide locations were revised more than 1,000 m from data custodian coordinates. Spatial misattribution rates were greatest at the smallest levels of geography. Kernel density maps showed clear misidentification of hotspots relying solely on autogeocoded data.

Conclusion:
Suicide incidents that occur at nonresidential addresses are being erroneously geocoded to centralized fall-back locations in autogeocoding processes, which can lead to misidentification of suicide clusters. Our findings provide insights toward defining the nature of the problem and refining geocoding processes, so that suicide data can be used reliably for the detection of suicide hotspots. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B862.
Peripheral Hypertrophic Subepithelial Corneal Degeneration on a Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis Flap
Authors: Li Ye , LaHood Benjamin R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
We describe the first reported case of a patient developing peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration (PHSCD) in the setting of previous femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Superficial keratectomy was performed successfully with the complete restoration of the visual acuity, no LASIK flap complications, and no recurrence of PHSCD at 1-year follow-up. Our case indicates that superficial keratectomy can be a safe and effective treatment for PHSCD in the setting of LASIK and raises awareness of the possibility of PHSCD developing in eyes that have undergone prior LASIK.
ROP Risk Management 2021
Authors: Gold Robert S. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
It is important for ophthalmologists to keep current with up-to-date recommendations for screening, treating, and follow-up of infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This paper will review updated ROP Safety Net protocols and Policy Statements to stress that following risk management principles can avoid claims that could arise from poor visual outcomes.

Recent findings
Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company (OMIC) has been proactive in ROP risk management with development of the ROP Safety Net in 2006. The most recent updates in 2018 and 2019 address OMIC's claims experience and the factors leading to these claims. Clinical, systems, physician, and parent factors will be clarified. In addition, when to stop ROP screening has evolved and will be delineated and discussed to further aid in the process of care of these high-risk infants.

Summary
Ophthalmologists that screen and treat infants with ROP must keep updated with safety net protocols and institute them in their Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and offices as they take care of these babies to minimize legal risks from a claim. In addition, keeping up with policy statements is essential to successfully following these infants in the most appropriate fashion.
Artificial intelligence in myopia: current and future trends
Authors: Foo Li Lian , Ng Wei Yan , Lim Gilbert Yong San , Tan Tien-En , Ang Marcus , Ting Daniel Shu Wei 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
Myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment, with a projected increase in prevalence globally. One potential approach to address myopia and its complications is early detection and treatment. However, current healthcare systems may not be able to cope with the growing burden. Digital technological solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as a potential adjunct for myopia management.

Recent findings
There are currently four significant domains of AI in myopia, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), genetics and natural language processing (NLP). ML has been demonstrated to be a useful adjunctive for myopia prediction and biometry for cataract surgery in highly myopic individuals. DL techniques, particularly convoluted neural networks, have been applied to various image-related diagnostic and predictive solutions. Applications of AI in genomics and NLP appear to be at a nascent stage.

Summary
Current AI research is mainly focused on disease classification and prediction in myopia. Through greater collaborative research, we envision AI will play an increasingly critical role in big data analysis by aggregating a greater variety of parameters including genomics and environmental factors. This may enable the development of generalizable adjunctive DL systems that could help realize predictive and individualized precision medicine for myopic patients.
Persistent negative dysphotopsia and small eyes August consultation #1
Authors: Fram Nicole R. 
Published: July 2021

A 56-year-old man with an ocular history of strabismus surgery at age 3 years, anatomically narrow angles, and patent laser peripheral iridotomies in both eyes underwent refractive lens exchange in which a SA60AT (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) 38 diopter (D) intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in the right eye and a SA60AT 36 D IOL was implanted in the left eye. He presented with symptoms consistent with negative dysphotopsia (ND) in both eyes immediately after surgery, describing temporal dark arcs that were constantly present and did not improve over the past 2 years. Of note, the patient was most symptomatic in the left eye.
On examination, the manifest refractions and corrected distance visual acuities were −0.50 +1.50 × 20 and 20/20 in the right eye and +0.75 −1.25 × 158 and 20/20 in the left eye; visual fields, extraocular motility, and pupils were normal. Intraocular pressures were normal as measured by applanation tonometry at 10 mm Hg in both eyes.
Slitlamp examination revealed trace meibomian gland disease in both eyes, normal tear lake and cornea, and patent peripheral laser iridotomies at the 11 o'clock position in the right eye and the 1 o'clock position in the left eye. The anterior chamber was slightly shallow temporally but deep centrally and quiet in both eyes. The lens examination revealed 4.0 mm anterior fibrotic capsule openings with well-positioned SA60AT posterior chamber IOLs in the bag with haptics at 1 and 7 o'clock in both eyes (Figure 1

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202108000-00022/figure1/v/2023-08-19T002614Z/r/image-tiff

). The posterior capsule was intact with trace posterior capsule opacification in both eyes and striae in the posterior capsules. Dilated fundus examination was unremarkable with a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.4 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye and normal pink neuroretinal rims.
What strategies would you offer this patient to treat the ND and what specific testing and counseling do you provide for patients with this condition?
Results of a Virtual Migraine Education Program in an Employed Population
Authors: Burton Wayne N. , Schultz Alyssa B. , Shepherd Martha E. , McCluskey Maureen , Hines David 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Migraine affects about 15% of the world's population and disproportionately affects adults who are working age. It is associated with higher healthcare costs, absenteeism, and lost productivity. A metropolitan school district in the southern United States offered a virtual migraine education program to their teaching employees.

Methods:
Seventy-nine employees completed a migraine questionnaire at both baseline and 3-month follow-up. The program included webinars, educational videos, and other intranet-based resources.

Results:
Results found that program participants reported a significant improvement in the frequency and severity of migraine as well as a reduction in lost on-the-job productivity. A majority of participants reported making positive changes to reduce triggers and better manage stress.

Conclusions:
An employer-offered migraine education program distributed virtually to remote workers has the potential to improve migraine symptoms and treatment as well as productivity.
Predictive Factors for Gram-negative Versus Gram-positive Bloodstream Infections in Children With Cancer
Authors: Sfetsiori Angeliki-Eleni , Doganis Dimitrios , Doudoulakakis Anastasios , Spyridis Nikolaos , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Servitzoglou Marina , Nikita Maria , Papachristidou Smaragda , Magkou Evgenia , Dana Helen , Lebessi Evangelia , Kosmidis Helen , Baka Margarita , Tsolia Maria 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Identifying potential predictive factors for the type of bacteremia (Gram-negative vs. Gram-positive) in children with cancer would be crucial for the timely selection of the appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children with cancer and a bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) (February 1, 2011 to February 28, 2018) in a tertiary pediatric oncology department were retrospectively examined and were correlated with the type of isolated bacteria.

Results:
Among 224 monomicrobial bacterial BSI episodes, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 110 and 114 episodes, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated significantly more frequently in girls (Gram-negative/Gram-positive ratio 1.7:1) versus boys (Gram-negative/Gram-positive ratio 0.72:1), P=0.002, in patients with previous BSI episodes (1.4:1) versus those without (0.8:1), P=0.042, and in children with hematologic malignancy (1.3:1) versus those who suffered from solid tumors (0.52:1), P=0.003. Gram-negative BSI episodes were more frequently correlated with a lower count of leukocytes, P=0.009, neutrophils, P=0.009 and platelets, P=0.002, but with significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, P=0.049. Female sex, hematologic malignancy, and higher CRP levels remained independent risk factors for Gram-negative BSI in the multivariate analysis. Among neutropenic patients, boys with solid tumors and a recent central venous catheter placement appear to be at increased risk for Gram-positive BSI in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
Although Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSIs are close to balance in children with cancer, Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to be isolated in girls, children with hematologic malignancies and those with higher CRP level at admission. In contrast, neutropenic boys with solid tumors and a recently placed central venous catheter may be at increased risk for Gram-positive BSI indicating probably the need for initially adding antibiotics targeting Gram-positive bacteria.
Factors Associated With Colorectal Cancer Screening Among First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in China
Authors: Du Qianqian , Chen Jingyu , Meng Ya , Gong Ni , Wu Xiaodan , Lyu Qiyuan , Zhang Yiheng , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Meifen 
Published: July 2021

Background
First-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer have an elevated risk of colorectal cancer. However, the behavior and factors potential influencing first-degree relatives regarding colorectal cancer screening in China remain unknown.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the screening behavior and related factors of first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was applied, and 201 first-degree relatives participated from August 2018 to July 2019. Data were collected about demographic information, the “Colorectal Cancer Perceptions Scale,” and screening behavior of first-degree relatives. Factors associated with screening behavior were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Only 18.9% of first-degree relatives had participated in colonoscopy screening. Two Health Belief Model factors were the influencing factors of their participation in colorectal cancer screening. Higher possibility of colorectal cancer screening of first-degree relatives was associated with higher perceived susceptibility (odds ratio, 1.224; 95% confidence interval, 1.075–1.395) and lower perception of barriers (odds ratio, 0.880; 95% confidence interval, 0.820–0.944) of first-degree relatives.

Conclusions
Participation in colorectal cancer screening by first-degree relatives requires improvement; perceived susceptibility and perception of barriers were the most important predictors.

Implications for Practice
Health professionals can enhance awareness of colorectal cancer susceptibility and address barriers to colorectal cancer screening among first-degree relatives at both individual and social levels.