bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant on the Formation of Empirical Concepts
Authors: Wang Weijia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to Kant’s lectures on logic, the formation of empirical concepts consists in the logical acts of comparison, reflection, and abstraction. This paper defends the tenability of Kant’s account by solving two prominent difficulties identified by commentators. Firstly, I justify Kant’s chronological presentation of the three acts by clarifying two meanings of ‘comparison’ in his writings: while comparison-1 refers to apprehension in relation to apperception and precedes reflection, comparison-2 refers to a twofold operation comprising both comparison-1 and reflection, such that its completion presupposes reflection. Secondly, to unravel an alleged ‘circularity’ in Kant’s account, I propose multiple interactions between comparison-1, which can be entirely arbitrary, and reflection, which examines the compared representations according to the imagination’s free agreement with the understanding, namely, a lawfulness without law. By means of such interactions, we experiment back and forth and lawfully generate an empirical concept without relying on conceptual guidance.
Kant on Touch, Embodied Activity, and the Perception of Causal Force
Authors: Robertson Rachel Siow 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Kant claims that perception of force through touch is fundamental to our knowledge of substance in space. However, he also holds that perception cannot have modal content. Causation is a modal notion, so how can Kant allow perception of causal force? In response to this puzzle, I provide a new reading of Kant’s theory of touch. Touch does not involve perception of the necessity of a cause, but it does involve awareness of the activity of our body in relation to other bodies. Human embodied activity has a hitherto unrecognized central role in Kant’s accounts of empirical cognition of substance in space, the science of such a substance, and the irreducibility of its causal forces.
Three Kantian Accounts of Concept Formation
Authors: McAndrew Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article has two aims. First, I offer a philological analysis of a key passage from Kant’s Logic: § 6. § 6 is widely regarded as the locus classicus for Kant’s theory of concept formation. However, I show that the part of this section that is most cited and discussed by scholars should not be attributed to Kant, as it is not corroborated by any of his Reflexionen. Second, I attempt to identify Jäsche’s source for this unsupported passage. Ultimately, I conclude that the unsupported passage in § 6 was based on a set of student notes that was similar to the Wiener and Warschauer logic notebooks. However, I also argue that it would be a mistake to regard this passage as the final or definitive statement of Kant’s views about concept formation.
Zur vermeintlichen vorkritischen Moralphilosophie in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Authors: Geismann Georg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Time and again, one finds in the literature the view that Kant held a pre-critical or semi-critical moral philosophy in the canon chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason. This is shown, firstly, by the fact that practical freedom is understood as cognized through experience and, secondly, by the fact that Kant not only allows a sensuous incentive for the observance of the moral law, but considers it necessary. Against that, it is argued in this essay that, firstly, moral philosophy as such is not addressed in the canon at all and, secondly, that the canon by no means approves of sensuous incentives with regard to the morally required promotion of the highest good. What is indeed addressed, although only in the second section of the canon, is moral theology.
La battaglia di Pidna. Aspetti topografici e strategici
Authors: Morelli Davide 
Published: June 2021

RiassuntoSulla base di nuove considerazioni, si propone la ricostruzione della battaglia di Pidna (168 a.C.) sotto l’aspetto topografico, tattico e strategico. Il luogo dello scontro individuato da N.G.L. Hammond viene confermato, ma vi sono dettagli delle fonti che fanno pensare a una diversa disposizione delle truppe. La battaglia sembra essere stata accuratamente preparata dai Romani.
Molecular topological invariants of certain chemical networks
Authors: Ul Haq Bokhary Syed Ahtsham , Imran Muhammad , Akhter Shehnaz , Manzoor Sadia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Topological descriptors are the graph invariants that are used to explore the molecular topology of the molecular/chemical graphs. In QSAR/QSPR research, physico-chemical characteristics and topological invariants including Randić, atom-bond connectivity, and geometric arithmetic invariants are utilized to corelate and estimate the structure relationship and bioactivity of certain chemical compounds. Graph theory and discrete mathematics have discovered an impressive utilization in the area of research. In this article, we investigate the valency-depended invariants for certain chemical networks like generalized Aztec diamonds and tetrahedral diamond lattice. Moreover, the exact values of invariants for these categories of chemical networks are derived.
The categorial, argument structural and aspectual indeterminacy of past participles: A holistic approach
Authors: Wegner Dennis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present paper argues that all kinds of verbal and adjectival instantiations of past participles have a common core: a participial head associated with an argument structural effect, on the one hand, and an aspectual contribution, on the other. The former amounts to the suppression of an external argument (if present), which existentially binds the semantic role associated with this argument, and the latter renders simple event structures with change-of-state semantics (and only those) perfective. Based on these ingredients (and the contribution of the auxiliaryhave, if present), it is not just possible to account for how past participles elicit periphrastic passive as well as perfect configurations, but crucially also for their bare (i. e. auxiliaryless) occurrences in a range of distributions: stative passives, stative perfects, absolute clauses, pre- and postnominal occurrences, and adverbial clauses. These, in turn, differ in their properties on the basis of (a) the presence of a stativising PredP, (b) the availability of an adjectival head that triggers λ-abstraction of an internal argument, and (c) the complexity of the underlying verbal structure in terms of the availability of vP. This eventually allows for a ‘holistic’ approach to the flexibility of past participles that delineates a common core supplemented by distinct functional surroundings.
Site preference and atomic ordering in the ternary Rh5Ga2As: first-principles calculations
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Giri Sucharita , Harshit  , Jana Partha P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The site preference and atomic ordering of the ternary Rh5Ga2As have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). An interesting atomic ordering of two neighboring elements Ga and As reported in the structure of Rh5Ga2As by X-ray diffraction data only is confirmed by first-principles total-energy calculations. The previously reported experimental model with Ga/As ordering is indeed the most stable in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The calculation detected that there is an obvious trend concerning the influence of the heteroatomic Rh–Ga/As contacts on the calculated total energy. Interestingly, the orderly distribution of As and Ga that is found in the binary GaAs (Zinc-blende structure type), retained to ternary Rh5Ga2As. The density of states (DOS) and Crystal Orbital Hamiltonian Population (COHP) are calculated to enlighten the stability and bonding characteristics in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The bonding analysis also confirms that Rh–Ga/As short contacts are the major driving force towards the overall stability of the compound.
Antisemitismuskritische Bildung als Aufgabe des Religionsunterrichts
Authors: Boschki Reinhold 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag geht aus von der extremen Zunahme antisemitischer Äußerungen im Internet und damit in der Lebenswelt junger Menschen. Die Grundthese ist, dass religiöse Bildung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Prävention und Kritik judenfeindlicher Haltungen leisten kann. Dazu werden die theologischen Wurzeln der Judenfeindschaft in der christlichen Tradition reflektiert. Die Substitutionslehre, wonach das Judentum durch das Christentum abgelöst sei, wird als Zentralpunkt theologischen Antijudaismus gekennzeichnet. Dies ist für religiöse Bildung höchst relevant. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zur Erinnerung an den Holocaust im Religionsunterricht bestätigen die Dringlichkeit des Themas Antisemitismus in religiöser Bildung. Abschließend werden einige religionsdidaktischen Realisierungsformen aufgezeigt, die antisemitismuskritische religiöse Bildung ermöglichen.
Antisemitism in Doubt. Historical and Methodological Reflections on Contemporary Europe
Authors: Reich Amos Morris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the attempt to find an Israeli approach to understanding the current European ambivalence towards Jews, this study focuses on the question of post-Holocaust anti-Semitism. It analyzes a specifically Israeli structure of experience of “schizophrenia” resulting from its decoupling of antisemitism from the Holocaust. It is shown that the justification of anti-Semitism has changed after the Holocaust. Thus, anti-Semitism has developed from a “cultural code” to a “semiotic problem”. The article concludes that the two main forms of Israel’s response to European anti-Semitism are inseparably linked to the question of whether Zionism ended with the establishment of the modern state of Israel and whether Israel is a “normal” state.
„Also Oskar ist ohne Religion groß geworden“. Herausforderungen und Chancen eines Religionsunterrichts mit konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Schambeck Mirjam 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Für den Religionsunterricht wird zukunftsentscheidend sein, wie er sich auf die säkulare Codierung unserer Gesellschaft einlässt und wie – daraus folgend – religiöse Bildung von sog. konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern zu modellieren ist. Reicht es wie bislang, Ethikunterricht einzurichten, oder muss auch das Klientel des positionellen Religionsunterrichts überdacht werden? Entlang ersten Beobachtungen aus einem laufenden Unterrichtsforschungsprojekt werden einige Priorisierungen vorgestellt, die ein positioneller RU beachten muss, wenn in ihm auch konfessionslose Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen; ebenso wird ein organisatorischer Vorschlag gemacht, nämlich den positionellen Religionsunterricht konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern als selbstverständliche Wahlmöglichkeit ohne irgendwelche Verwaltungshürden anzubieten.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction Followed by Oxygen Support Uniquely Interferes with Genetic Regulators of Myelination
Authors: Chang Jill , Sharma Abhineet , Bashir Mirrah , Fung Camille M. , Dettman Robert W. , Dizon Maria L. V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and oxygen exposure in isolation and combination adversely affect the developing brain, putting infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disability including cerebral palsy (CP). Rodent models of IUGR and postnatal hyperoxia have demonstrated oligodendroglial (OL) injury with subsequent white matter injury (WMI) and motor dysfunction. Here, we investigate transcriptomic dysregulation in IUGR with and without hyperoxia exposure to account for the abnormal brain structure and function previously documented. We performed RNA sequencing and analysis using a mouse model of IUGR and found that IUGR, hyperoxia, and the combination of IUGR with hyperoxia (IUGR/hyperoxia) produced distinct changes in gene expression. IUGR in isolation demonstrated the fewest differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with control. In contrast, we detected several gene alterations in IUGR/hyperoxia; genes involved in myelination were strikingly downregulated. We also identified changes to specific regulators including TCF7L2, BDNF, SOX2, and DGCR8, through ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), that may contribute to impaired myelination in IUGR/hyperoxia. Our findings show that IUGR with hyperoxia induces unique transcriptional changes in the developing brain. These indicate mechanisms for increased risk for WMI in IUGR infants exposed to oxygen and suggest potential therapeutic targets to improve motor outcomes.
Application of Recombinant Rabies Virus toXenopusTadpole Brain
Authors: Faulkner Regina L. , Wall Nicholas R. , Callaway Edward M. , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTheXenopus laevisexperimental system has provided significant insight into the development and plasticity of neural circuits.Xenopusneuroscience research would be enhanced by additional tools to study neural circuit structure and function. Rabies viruses are powerful tools to label and manipulate neural circuits and have been widely used to study mesoscale connectomics. Whether rabies virus can be used to transduce neurons and express transgenes inXenopushas not been systematically investigated. Glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus transduces neurons at the axon terminal and retrogradely labels their cell bodies. We show that glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus infects local and projection neurons in theXenopustadpole when directly injected into brain tissue. Pseudotyping glycoprotein-deleted rabies with EnvA restricts infection to cells with exogenous expression of the EnvA receptor, TVA. EnvA pseudotyped virus specifically infects tadpole neurons with promoter-driven expression of TVA, demonstrating its utility to label targeted neuronal populations. Neuronal cell types are defined by a combination of features including anatomic location, expression of genetic markers, axon projection sites, morphology, and physiological properties. We show that driving TVA expression in one hemisphere and injecting EnvA pseudotyped virus into the contralateral hemisphere, retrogradely labels neurons defined by cell body location and axon projection site. Using this approach, rabies can be used to identify cell types inXenopusbrain and simultaneously to express transgenes which enable monitoring or manipulation of neuronal activity. This makes rabies a valuable tool to study the structure and function of neural circuits inXenopus.
Nasionalisme dan Tasamuh – Suatu Tinjauan Ulama Tanah Sunda Abah Anom
Authors: Sadono Soni 
Published: June 2021

The negative stigma lately is often carried by Muslims. This often occurs in acts of violence and intolerance carried out by radical Islamic community organizations. They are provoked by their leaders through lectures and da'wah. For this reason, the influence and example of nationalist and tasamuf religious leaders are needed. Abah Anom was the leader of the Qadiriyyah Wa Naqsyabandiyyah Islamic Boarding School, the Suryalaya Islamic Boarding School in Tasikmalaya, West Java. One of the cleric who can be a role model in the syiar of Islam and the life of the nation and state. Apart from being a nationalist cleric, he also highly respects the local wisdom. Through this paper, it is hoped that it will inspire the younger generation of Islam to practice religion without forgetting local wisdom. Another thing is the need to foster nationalism and accept the differences that exist in society. The research method uses library research methods where the library sources are taken from books and journals / proceedings. Through his example and also his works can be learned about the role of nationalism and creativity in his broadcast. His view of local wisdom, especially Sundanese culture, is precisely to strengthen the Qodiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah Tarekat. Abah Anom's role model is needed for the young generation of Islam today, in this global era and the fading of their nationalistic values. Keywords: Abah Anom, nasionalism, tasamuhAbstrakStigma negatif akhir-akhir ini kerap disandang oleh umat Islam. Hal ini dikarenakan sering terjadi aksi kekerasan dan intoleran yang dilakukan oleh kelompok ormas Islam radikal. Mereka terprovokasi oleh pemimpinnya melalui ceramah dan dakwah. Untuk itu pengaruh dan teladan seorang pemimpin keagamaan yang nasionalis dan tasamuf sangat diperlukan. Abah Anom merupakan pemimpin Pesantren Tarekat Qadiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah yakni Pesantren Suryalaya di Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Salah satu ulama yang dapat menjadi panutan dalam syiar Islam maupun kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Selain seorang ulama yang nasionalis, beliau juga sangat menghormati kearifan lokal dimana pesantren ini berada. Melalui tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menginspirasi generasi muda Islam untuk dapat mengamalkan ajaran agama tanpa melupakan kearifan lokal setempat. Selain itu juga perlunya memupuk rasa kebangsaan dan menerima perbedaan yang ada di masyarakat. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dimana sumber pustaka diambil dari buku-buku, jurnal, prosiding, majalah dan koran. Melalui teladan kehidupannya dan juga karya-karyanya bisa dipelajari tentang peran nasionalisme dan kreativitas dalam syiarnya. Pandangannya terhadap kearifan lokal khususnya budaya Sunda justru untuk memperkokoh Tarekat Qodiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah. Suri teladan Abah Anom perlu ditiru oleh generasi muda Islam saat ini, di tengah arus global dan lunturnya nilai-nilai nasionalismenya yang mereka alami. Keywords: Abah Anom, nasionalisme, tasamuh
Depression and Suicide-Risk Screening Results in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Kemper Alex R. , Hostutler Cody A. , Beck Kristen , Fontanella Cynthia A. , Bridge Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Depression is common, and suicide rates are increasing. Adolescent depression screening might miss those with unidentified suicide risk. Our primary objective in this study was to compare the magnitude of positive screen results across different approaches.

METHODS
From June 2019 to October 2020, 803 mostly Medicaid-enrolled adolescents aged ≥12 years with no recent history of depression or self-harm were screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Modified for Adolescents (PHQ-9A) and the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) across 12 primary care practices. Two PHQ-9A screening strategies were evaluated: screening for any type of depression or other mental illness (positive on any item) or screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) (total score ≥10).

RESULTS
Overall, 56.4% of patients screened positive for any type of depression, 24.7% screened positive for MDD, and 21.1% screened positive for suicide risk. Regardless of PHQ-9A screening strategy, the ASQ identified additional subjects (eg, 2.2% additional cases compared with screening for any type of depression or other mental illness and 8.3% additional cases compared with screening positive for MDD). Of those with ≥6 month follow-up, 22.9% screened positive for any type of depression (n = 205), 35.6% screened positive for MDD (n = 90), and 42.7% with a positive ASQ result (n = 75) had a depression or self-harm diagnosis or an antidepressant prescription.

CONCLUSIONS
Suicide risk screening identifies cases not identified by depression screening. In this study, we underscore opportunities and challenges in primary care related to the high prevalence of depression and suicide risk. Research is needed regarding optimal screening strategies and to help clinicians manage the expected number of screening-identified adolescents.
The effect of titanium and silicon addition on phase equilibrium and mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi-based high entropy alloy
Authors: Yamanaka Syuki , Ikeda Ken-ichi , Miura Seiji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effects of Ti and Si addition on the phase equilibrium and mechanical properties of the equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (Cantor alloy) were investigated. The phase equilibrium at 1000 °C was determined from the result of X-ray diffraction and electron probe micro-analysis. Ti addition stabilizes the $$\sigma$$
σ
phase, A12 phase and C14-Laves phase, while Si addition stabilizes the A13 phase. The phase relationships were represented by projection onto (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)–Cr–X(Ti or Si) isothermal ternary cross-section at 1000 °C in Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni–X senary system. Tensile tests were conducted on Cantor-based fcc single solid solution alloys with Ti or Si dissolution at room temperature. The 0.2% yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with either element addition. The Ti-added alloy showed higher strength than the Si-added alloy. The difference in ductility in the alloys is related to their strain hardening behavior in the higher strain range.

Graphic abstract
Siostry Barbary Żulińskiej CR wspomnienia o arcybiskupie Józefie Teodorowiczu
Authors: Wołczański Józef 
Published: June 2021

4th August 2008, the fiftieth anniversary of the death of the head of the Armenian Catholic archdiocese in Lviv, archbishop Józef Teodorowicz, is an opportunity to take a closer look at his life and work through the eyes of witnesses. One of them is Barbara Żulińska of the Congregation of Sisters of Resurrection. She was close to the Armenian hierarch, both through her work in their shared socio-religious environment (Lviv), her deep fascination with his personality and public mission, as well as her function of a trusted secretary, or even the first critical reviewer of his literary works.
Wystrój malarski kaplic kościoła Kamedułów na Bielanach i jego znaczenie dla sztuki Krakowa 1. połowy XVII w. (kaplice Królewska i Delpacowska)
Authors: Żmudziński Jerzy 
Published: June 2021

Ogromne znaczenie eremu bielańskiego dla dziejów sztuki polskiej czasów przełomu manieryzmu i baroku jest od dawna należycie docenione. Dotyczy to jednak w pierwszym rzędzie architektury i jej wystroju (stiuków), a w znacznie mniejszym stopniu malarstwa. Wielokrotnie przywoływano w opracowaniach sztuki polskiej 1. połowy XVII w. malarski wystrój kaplic bielańskich, najczęściej jednak ograniczano się do stwierdzenia, że część tej dekoracji jest dziełem weneckiego malarza Tomasza Dolabelli i jego warsztatu(wystrój malarski kaplic Królewskiej i Delpacowskiej) i ilustruje proces niejako „degradacji” tego artysty, który przybywszy do Polski w ostatnich latach XVI w. z czasem zagubił osiągnięcia wielkiej szkoły weneckiej doby manieryzmu, zaniżył standardy wykonywanych dzieł i uległ swoistej „sarmatyzacji”, dostosowując się do gustów i oczekiwań miejscowych odbiorców. W malowidłach dwóch najważniejszych kaplic bielańskiego kościoła widziano dzieła jegosamego, jego uczniów i naśladowców. Teza o „sarmatyzacji” i obniżeniu się poziomu twórczości Dolabelli niedawno poddana została krytycznej analizie, przy okazji której przywołano i w pewien sposób „zrehabilitowano” źródłowo potwierdzone dzieła tego artysty z kaplicy Królewskiej.
Curriculum vitae of D. Mikuláš (Nicolas) Russnák Theologian and liturgist
Authors: Bohač Vojtech 
Published: June 2021

University professor D. Mikuláš Russnák came from a clerical family. His father, Pavol Russnák was a Catholic priest o f the Byzantine rite. His mother Many, originally itemed Brinszky, came from Varhaftovce, and was a daughter of a priest. Mikuláš Russnák was bom on 30 April 1878 in Sopkovce. He received the sacrament o f baptism and confirmation in Sopkovce on 7 May 1878. He had threesiblings. His younger brother Pavol was a priest and doctor o f sacred theology. He was a vice-dean at the seminaiy in Prešov, and a canon and a parish priest in Zavadka. He died on 18 March 1943. Of his two sisters, Gizela was older and Etelka was younger than Mikuláš. Gizela married Viktor Leukanič, a Catholic priest o f the Byzantine rite in Klečenov. Etelka married Julius Szinyei-Merse, a lawyer. The children were brought up in file Catholic faith, as would be obvious for the family o f the Catholic priest. The family atmosphere o f devotion and catholicity remained an everlasting value for Mikuláš. His mother Jolana died on 7 June 1898 and his father Pavol died on 27 June 1921.