bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ ozone production is highly sensitive to volatile organic compounds in Delhi, India
Authors: Nelson Beth S. , Stewart Gareth J. , Drysdale Will S. , Newland Mike J. , Vaughan Adam R. , Dunmore Rachel E. , Edwards Pete M. , Lewis Alastair C. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Acton W. Joe , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Crilley Leigh R. , Alam Mohammed S. , Şahin Ülkü A. , Beddows David C. S. , Bloss William J. , Slater Eloise , Whalley Lisa K. , Heard Dwayne E. , Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Nemitz Eiko , Sommariva Roberto , Cox Sam ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Gurjar Bhola R. , Hopkins James R. , Rickard Andrew R. , Lee James D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Indian megacity of Delhi suffers from some of the
poorest air quality in the world. While ambient NO2 and particulate
matter (PM) concentrations have received considerable attention in the city,
high ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations are an often overlooked
component of pollution. O3 can lead to significant ecosystem damage and
agricultural crop losses, and adversely affect human health. During October 2018,
concentrations of speciated non-methane hydrocarbon volatile organic
compounds (C2–C13), oxygenated volatile organic compounds
(o-VOCs), NO, NO2, HONO, CO, SO2, O3, and photolysis rates,
were continuously measured at an urban site in Old Delhi. These observations
were used to constrain a detailed chemical box model utilising the Master
Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1. VOCs and NOx (NO + NO2) were varied
in the model to test their impact on local O3 production rates,
P(O3), which revealed a VOC-limited chemical regime. When only NOx
concentrations were reduced, a significant increase in P(O3) was
observed; thus, VOC co-reduction approaches must also be considered in
pollution abatement strategies. Of the VOCs examined in this work, mean
morning P(O3) rates were most sensitive to monoaromatic compounds,
followed by monoterpenes and alkenes, where halving their concentrations in
the model led to a 15.6 %, 13.1 %, and 12.9 % reduction in
P(O3), respectively. P(O3) was not sensitive to direct changes in
aerosol surface area but was very sensitive to changes in photolysis rates,
which may be influenced by future changes in PM concentrations. VOC and
NOx concentrations were divided into emission source sectors, as
described by the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v5.0 Global Air Pollutant Emissions and EDGAR
v4.3.2_VOC_spec inventories, allowing for the
impact of individual emission sources on P(O3) to be investigated.
Reducing road transport emissions only, a common strategy in air pollution
abatement strategies worldwide, was found to increase P(O3), even when
the source was removed in its entirety. Effective reduction in P(O3)
was achieved by reducing road transport along with emissions from combustion
for manufacturing and process emissions. Modelled P(O3) reduced by
∼ 20 ppb h−1 when these combined sources were halved. This study
highlights the importance of reducing VOCs in parallel with NOx and PM
in future pollution abatement strategies in Delhi.
Slowdown of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further rise in atmospheric CO2
Authors: Winkler Alexander J. , Myneni Ranga B. , Hannart Alexis , Sitch Stephen , Haverd Vanessa , Lombardozzi Danica , Arora Vivek K. , Pongratz Julia , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Goll Daniel S. , Kato Etsushi , Tian Hanqin , Arneth Almut , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jain Atul K. , Zaehle Sönke , Brovkin Victor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Satellite data reveal widespread changes in Earth's vegetation cover. Regions
intensively attended to by humans are mostly greening due to land
management. Natural vegetation, on the other hand, is exhibiting patterns of
both greening and browning in all continents. Factors linked to anthropogenic
carbon emissions, such as CO2 fertilization, climate change, and
consequent disturbances such as fires and droughts, are hypothesized to be
key drivers of changes in natural vegetation. A rigorous regional attribution
at the biome level that can be scaled to a global picture of what is behind the
observed changes is currently lacking. Here we analyze different datasets of
decades-long satellite observations of global leaf area index (LAI,
1981–2017) as well as other proxies for vegetation changes and identify
several clusters of significant long-term changes. Using process-based model
simulations (Earth system and land surface models), we disentangle the effects
of anthropogenic carbon emissions on LAI in a probabilistic setting applying
causal counterfactual theory. The analysis prominently indicates the effects
of climate change on many biomes – warming in northern ecosystems (greening)
and rainfall anomalies in tropical biomes (browning). The probabilistic
attribution method clearly identifies the CO2 fertilization effect as
the dominant driver in only two biomes, the temperate forests and cool
grasslands, challenging the view of a dominant global-scale
effect. Altogether, our analysis reveals a slowing down of greening and
strengthening of browning trends, particularly in the last 2 decades. Most
models substantially underestimate the emerging vegetation browning,
especially in the tropical rainforests. Leaf area loss in these productive
ecosystems could be an early indicator of a slowdown in the terrestrial
carbon sink. Models need to account for this effect to realize plausible
climate projections of the 21st century.
Measuring Exploration Success: An Alternative to the Discovery-Cost-Per-Ounce Method of Quantifying Exploration Effectiveness
Authors: LORD DEBORAH , ETHERIDGE MIKE , WILLSON MARCUS , HALL GREG , UTTLEY PHILLIP 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Research is underway to develop a range of methods for assessing and managing exploration risk, progress, and value. As part of the research, a collaborative project was undertaken by SRK Consulting, working with Placer Granny Smith (the operating company of the Granny Smith Joint Venture owned by Placer Dome Asia Pacific, 60%, and Delta Gold, 40%) and Placer Dome Asia Pacific, to review and quantify exploration success in a mature program that has delivered several mines. In particular, an objective was to develop a measurement technique that is more commercially robust and informative than the traditional “cost per resource ounce discovered” method.
The project reviewed gold exploration over the past 13 years in the Laverton district of Western Australia. Placer Granny Smith has spent AUD$52 million (about US$30 million at recent exchange rates) defining 12 deposits with combined resources of more than 10 Moz (310 tonnes) of gold. Exploration centered on the Archean Granny Smith gold deposit, and was primarily targeted at outlining additional resources to feed through the Granny Smith mill. At an overall cost per resource ounce of less than US$3, this has clearly been a successful program. However, our analysis demonstrates that this figure fails to provide a complete value picture, and that the program could have delivered even greater value to the participating companies.
While the quantitative results of the review are specific to the Laverton district, the methodology can be applied to near-mine, advanced, and grassroots exploration programs for any deposit style in any geologic environment. Key outcomes of the review are as follows: Measuring exploration success in terms of the net present value of the deposit outlined produces a markedly different and arguably more commercially realistic outcome than measuring it in relation to the average cost of resources defined.Early recognition and prompt drill testing of key targets is critical in optimizing opportunities and realizing exploration value. Indeed, the principal destroyer of value in exploration is spending too much time and money prior to drill testing the best targets in any area.Continual and robust ranking of exploration targets should be undertaken. Exploration should aim to rapidly identify and systematically test the best exploration targets, rather than systematically exploring the project areas.
Especially in the current climate of a depressed resources sector, the exploration industry needs to compete aggressively for the investor’s dollar. The industry needs more robust and quantitative methodologies for measuring exploration effectiveness, and for informing management, investors, and shareholders of exploration risk, reward, value, and progress to discovery. The probabilistic methods described below provide such a framework.
Is the Redox state of the Archean Atmosphere Constrained?
Authors: Phillips G. Neil , Law Jonathan D.M. , Myers Russell E. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The nature of the Archean atmosphere has significant ramifications for ore-forming processes, and it is widely held that it was more reducing than at present. The case for a more reducing atmosphere (i.e., without ferric iron) during part of the Archean relies on evidence from inferred detrital uraninite and pyrite, the lesser volume of redbeds before 2 Ga, and possible altered paleosols. In favor of an oxidizing atmosphere similar to Present and with stable ferric iron are the inferred pisolites on unconformity surfaces in the Witwatersrand basin, some redbeds older than 2 Ga, and several Archean sulfate-bearing assemblages. Carbon and sulfur isotopes might favor an oxidizing atmosphere, as might the positive correlation between carbon and clay in clastic sediments, but much other evidence is either poorly supported, or nondiagnostic of atmosphere conditions. Inferred detrital pyrite, uraninite, and gold, and inferred paleosols also appear to be nondiagnostic, given the evidence for widespread alteration.
SEG Presidential Address: I Never Met a Rhyolite I Didn’t Like – Some of the Geology in Economic Geology
Authors: Price Jonathan G. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Rhyolites and their deep-seated chemical equivalents, granites, are some of the most interesting rocks. They provide good examples of why it is important to look carefully at fresh rocks in terms of fıeld relationships, mineralogy, petrography, petrology, geochemistry, and alteration processes. Because of their evolved geochemisty, they commonly are important in terms of ore-forming processes. They are almost certainly the source of metal in many beryllium and lithium deposits and the source of heat for many other hydrothermal systems. From other perspectives, rhyolitic volcanic eruptions have the capacity of destroying civilizations, and their geochemistry (e.g., high contents of radioactive elements) is relevant to public policy decision-making.
Remote Sensing in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Bedell Richard 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The proliferation of remote sensing platforms has resulted in unprecedented opportunities for ore deposit vectoring. Importantly, remote sensing technology is now beyond the vague identifıcation of alteration, and can accurately map specifıc minerals and directly contribute to the understanding of ore systems. Remote sensing is making discoveries of new alteration zones within classic and previously well mapped ore systems, as well as outlining their geometry and mineralogy. Confıning this review to the geologically important reflected-light remote sensing systems, there are four main categories of sensors readily available to economic geologists, including the following: (1) submeter resolution panchromatic satellites that offer little spectral information but provide base maps; (2) multispectral Landsat satellites that can map iron and clay alteration; (3) the new ASTER satellite that can map important alteration groups and some specifıc minerals; and (4) hyperspectral airborne scanners that can provide maps of specifıc mineral species important to detailed alteration mapping.
At the core of comprehending this plethora of technology is the difference between spectral and spatial resolution. This review will provide an understanding of the more fundamental aspects of remote sensing systems that will help fıeld geologists to interact better with and leverage this rapidly evolving technology.
Pelvic and Testicular Biometry of Sahel Goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Abba A. , Mustapha A. R. , Bamanga U. M. , Iliyasu D. , Peter I. D. , Asuku S. O. , Stephen J. , Waziri M. A. 
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to document the pelvic and testicular biometric characteristics of Sahel goats. Record of body weight, body condition score, height at withers, scrotal length, scrotal circumference and external pelvic circumference were obtained from 400 male and 600 female Sahel goats. All the goats were approximately 1.5 years old and weighing 14 to 18 kg, with body condition score of 3 or 4 (scale of 1-5). The mean bodyweight of Sahel bucks was 15.12 ± 1.10 kg while that of Sahel does was 13.22 ± 1.12 kg, height at withers in bucks and does were 52.22 ± 1.20 cm, and 48.13 ± 1.23 cm respectively. The scrotal length and circumference in Sahel bucks were 11.39 ± 1.12 cm and 17.95 ± 1.21 cm respectively. The external pelvic circumference in Sahel does was 55.13 ± 1.16 cm. There was significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between the body weight and body condition score in bucks (r=0.52) and in does (r=0.42). It was observed that there was weak but positive correlation between the body weight and height at withers (r=0.34), in bucks and in does (r=0.25; P <0.5). A low but significant positive correlation was found between the body weight and scrotal circumference r=0.28, (P<0.05) in bucks. There was a highsignificant positive correlation between the scrotal length and scrotal circumference r=0.66, (P <0.05). The external pelvic circumference in Sahel does was also significantly positively correlated with body weight r=0.40, (P<0.05) and with the body condition score r= 0.33, (P<0.05). In conclusion, the body weight, body condition score, height at withers, scrotal length, scrotal circumference and external pelvic circumference of Sahel goats in Maiduguri were successfully determined, these parameters studied might serve as a bases for determining the breeding soundness of Sahel goats.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Stress Kerja, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Putra Yudi Prasetya 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh lingkungan kerja, stress kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sensus, yakni mengambil semua populasi menjadi responden penelitian. Jumlah responden adalah 50 orang dan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS Versi 20 Berdasarkan hasil analisis data uji t, maka di simpulkan bahwa: (1). Lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terdahap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai sebesar 0,003, (2). Stress kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai sebesar 0,170. (3). Motivasi kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai sebesar 0,070. (4). Secara simultan variabel lingkungan kerja, stress kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh pada kinerja karyawan dengan hasil uji f nilai sig sebesar 0,000 < 0,05.

Kata kunci : Lingkungan kerja, stress kerja, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja karyawan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA GURU SD DIKOTA BLORA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: UTAMI RATIH HESTY , Indiworo Rr. Hawik Ervina , Cahyaningrum Anggun 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of work environment, work motivation, and work discipline on teacher performance. This research was conducted by means of a case study of public elementary school teachers who worked from home during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Blora City. This research uses descriptive methods and quantitative research types. The population of this study were public elementary school teachers who worked from home during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Blora City. The sample studied was 209 respondents. Data collection techniques used observation and questionnaires with a Likert scale as data collection instruments.
The results showed that Work environment (X1) has no significant negative effect on teacher performance, work motivation (X2) has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, and work discipline (X3) has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. Simultaneously the work environment, work motivation, and work discipline have a significant influence on teacher performance with a contribution of R2 of 57.1% while the remaining 42.9% is explained by other causes outside the model.
BERBAGI PENGETAHUAN: KINERJA BISNIS DAN INOVASI UKM BORDIR DAN KONVEKSI DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Sumekar Kertati , Wismar’en Dian 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh kepercayaan dan interaksi sosial, terhadap berbagi pengetahuan dan inovasi dengan kinerja bisnis pada usaha kecil dan menengah industri konveksi di Kabupaten Kudus. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 117 responden. Responden adalah pemilik usaha kecil menengah industri bordir dan konveksi. Temuan teoritis dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dapat dilakukan dengan melalui peningkatan kepercayaan, interaksi sosial, melalui berbagi pengetahuan, Untuk meningkatkan kinerja bisnis dapat dilakukan dengan melalui peningkatan berbagi pengetahuan dan inovasi. Penelitian ini menyumbang temuan dalam teori modal sosial, dan teori inovasi, didalam menjelaskan peran berbagi pengetahuan sebagai variabel yang memediasi variabel-variabel modal sosial
Attitude, Awareness, and Knowledge of Saudi Citizens towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim Region – Saudi Arabia
Authors: Puteh Sharifa Ezat Wan , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor , Al-Salem Abdulaziz Abdullah , Al-shetaily Khalid Abdulrahman , Al-Owayyid Fawziah Hassan 
Published: September 2021

Cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the Attitudes and awareness level of Citizens towards COVID-19 vaccination in Qassim region. The present study’s results showed that awareness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Qassim region- Saudi Arabia shows that the mean score of awareness was 3.49 (SD 0.864) out of 5. Regarding vaccination decision among Saudi citizens in Qassim region, (22.7%) of the participants were undecided, (14.7%) refused, and (62.6%) agreed to get a vaccine against COVID-19. Reason for vaccine refusal mainly was they don't believe the vaccine. 96 Participants (32.0%) were working in the healthcare sector, (44.8%) of them had received the COVID-19 Vaccine, and (38.5%) refused. The level of awareness among healthcare participants was (80.2%). The average knowledge score was 3.49 (SD =.864) out of a possible 5. Participants who reported having a graduate level of education had a considerably higher mean knowledge score. The mean score of attitudes was 1.95 (SD=1.176) out of 5, with majority of positive attitude score 62.7%. ((65.7% They received the first dose, and 6.0% they received the first dose and second dose)). Participants with age group 55 years and above years, are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other age groups. Married persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Participants with graduate educational level are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other educational levels. Employed persons are more aware towards COVID-19 Vaccination than other categories. Whereas, there is no relation between age and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value= 0.140). As well, there is no relation between employed citizens and awareness among Saudi citizens towards COVID-19 (P-value =0.136), and there is relation between marital status and awareness among Saudi citizens (P-value = 0.013).
Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Neonates during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Shahani Muhammad Parial , Manaf Mohd Rizal Abdul , Aizuddin Azimatun Noor , Rahman Aneela Atta Ur , Shaikh Saeed Ahmed , Shah Qararo 
Published: September 2021

In comparison to other middle-income countries, Pakistan has a high prevalence of low birth weight. Currently the situation has worsened because of the COVID-19 pandemic where stress can have a negative impact on intrauterine development, leading to a rise in preterm birth rates and the incidence of low birth weight babies. The goal of this study is to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight in a tertiary care hospital in Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, the hospital records of two thousand, two hundred and seventy eight neonates were analyzed from patients’ data register for the year 2020. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel spread sheet. Of 2278 children admitted to the neonatal ward, only 29.2% babies had birth weight within normal range, 0.7% neonates were high birth weight, and the rest of the admitted babies (70.1%) during the year 2020 had birth weight below 2500 grams. Smallest birth weight observed in the study was 0.9 kg and 4.8 kg was highest birth weight (mean 2.35 kg, SD 0.88, SE 0.012). Female neonates were 895 (39.3%) and the rest of the 1383 (60.7%) babies were male. This study revealed that in Sindh province of Pakistan, the prevalence of low birth weight is extremely high during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the findings suggest that there is need for a lot more emphasis on improving maternal mental health, nutrition and several other relevant factors to reduce the prevalence of low birth weight.
An Aqueous Mg2+‐Based Dual‐Ion Battery with High Power Density
Authors: Zhu Yunpei , Yin Jun , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Mohammed Omar F. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRechargeable Mg batteries promise low‐cost, safe, and high‐energy alternatives to Li‐ion batteries. However, the high polarization strength of Mg2+ leads to its strong interaction with electrode materials and electrolyte molecules, resulting in sluggish Mg2+ dissociation and diffusion as well as insufficient power density and cycling stability. Here an aqueous Mg2+‐based dual‐ion battery is reported to bypass the penalties of slow dissociation and solid‐state diffusion. This battery chemistry utilizes fast redox reactions on the polymer electrodes, i.e., anion (de)doping on the polyaniline (PANI) cathode and (de)enolization upon incorporating Mg2+ on the polyimide anode. The kinetically favored and stable electrodes depend on designing a saturated aqueous electrolyte of 4.5 m Mg(NO3)2. The concentrated electrolyte suppresses the irreversible deprotonation reaction of the PANI cathode to enable excellent stability (a lifespan of over 10 000 cycles) and rate performance (33% capacity retention at 500 C) and avoids the anodic parasitic reaction of nitrate reduction to deliver the stable polyimide anode (86.2% capacity retention after 6000 cycles). The resultant full Mg2+‐based dual‐ion battery shows a high specific power of 10 826 W kg−1, competitive with electrochemical supercapacitors. The electrolyte and electrode chemistries elucidated in this study provide an alternative approach to developing better‐performing Mg‐based batteries.