bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development vecto of agriculture in the Moscow region
Authors: Ibiev G Z , Kovalenko N Ya , Sorokin V S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the development of agricultural sectors in the Moscow region. The analysis of growth (decline) of agricultural products in dynamics of the Moscow region is given, factors limiting increased production of the main types of agricultural products are identified, and areas for further development of agriculture in the region are offered. The problems that will increase the production of agriculture of their own production and provide the population of Moscow and the Moscow region with food are described, according to medical consumption standards. The conditions and prospects for the development of agriculture in the Moscow region are considered.
Wage indexation as a factor of stable food demand and sustainability of agricultural systems
Authors: Reshetnikova E G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze the institutional component of the process of indexation of the population’s income in Russia, substantiating the directions of its improvement using foreign experience in this area. The population’s income is the most important factor in creating effective demand, since 2014 the reduction in real available income has had a negative impact on the level of aggregate demand, including for the products of the agrifood complex. Food consumption is a priority human need, but a reduction in real income leads to a reduction in the volume and structure of nutrition. Wage indexation is a widely used tool in many countries with developed market economies to increase purchasing power, increase living standards, and increase consumer demand. There is no universal model of wage indexation in the world; it can be applied to the entire population, or only to low-income workers. In Russia, the institutional framework for income indexation is criticized by experts for the ambiguity in the interpretation of some of the main provisions, for the difference in approaches to income indexation in budget and commercial organizations. The paper substantiates the key principles of wage indexation, which consist in a combination of state and social partner regulation.
Resistance of carrots to diseases as a factor of increasing production profitability
Authors: Engalycheva I A , Kozar E G , Stepanov V A , Sirota S M , Soldatenko A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main reason for the decline in production of commercial products is the loss of crop during its long storage. From March to July, the difference between demand and production is made up by imported products from near and far abroad. As a result, this leads to an increase in prices relative to the autumn months from April by 44% and from July by 50%, until going of a new crop of domestic products on the shelves. As a result of the conducted research, it is shown that domestic varieties and hybrids due to a higher level of resistance to local populations of pathogens are economically profitable in terms of production costs and crop losses during storage. Growing high-yielding varieties and hybrids of carrots with complex stability, such as Margosha and Shantane 2461, Rif F1 and Nadezhda F1 breeding of FSBSU “Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing” (FSBSU FSCVG) allows for the sale after long-term storage to make a profit of about 240-600 thousand rubles/ha, to achieve profitability of 59-150%. This contributes to solving one of the key tasks - reducing the dependence of the vegetable market on imports and ensuring food security of the Russian Federation.
Price disparity in the net cost and profitability of vegetable products
Authors: Razin A F , Mescheryakova R A , Surikhina T N , Shatilov M V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prevailing price relations in the industry and the trend of increasing costs for the production of vegetable products lead to an unjustified loss of profit by vegetable producers in market conditions. This occurs as a result of price disparity, which allows increasing the cost of purchasing industrial goods (machinery, fertilizers, protective equipment, etc.) and services (payment for work and services of third-party organizations) to withdraw part of the industry’s revenue. This leads to a decrease in production efficiency and a lack of funds for its extended reproduction. The spread of indicators of profitability of vegetable products by year and type of vegetables indicates that there are significant opportunities to improve the performance of vegetable growing. This will be possible when resolving the issue of price disparity by introducing a permanent system of purchases at announced guarantee prices beforehand. Lower market prices will increase the average selling price of vegetables and the profitability of production, which will be an incentive to increase production. It is necessary to minimize costs aimed at improving the use of productive potential – land, material and labor resources.
Improving the efficiency of using Russian soil resources
Authors: Razin A F , Meshcheryakova R A , Razin O A , Surikhina T N , Telegina G A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Russia’s soil is degraded by simplified agricultural production technologies, lack of fertilizers, plant protection products, irrigation, improper use of crop rotations or their absence, and weakening of state control over the use and protection of agricultural land. There is a depletion of available land. The average annual deficit of humus in the arable layer is 0.52 tons per hectare, and the applied doses of organic and mineral fertilizers do not compensate for the loss of soil nutrients. 46% of the surveyed area is characterized by a low content of organic substances. The renewal and preservation of fertility of Russia’s soils suitable for vegetable growing is possible in a scientifically sound combination of organic and mineral fertilizers, use of crop rotations with inclusion of break crops and perennial grasses, technological, agricultural and technical parameters of the technology, the organization of control over use and protection of agricultural land from the state and regional authorities.
The effectiveness of applying mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of green bean for seeds
Authors: Nadezkin S M , Ushakov V A , Pronina E P , Antoshkin A A , Molchanova A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Growing beans is one of the main ways to increase the production of vegetable protein. The problem of implementing high seed productivity of vegetable bean varieties while maintaining the high quality of the produced seeds is relevant. Increasing the yield of seeds and improving their quality is possible due to the scientifically based use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of beans. Optimal rates and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash fertilizers allow getting a significant increase in the yield of high-quality seeds. On sod-podzol medium-loamy soils, the optimal rate of mineral fertilizers for green beans and Cinderella varieties was N30P45K45. There was an increase in the total protein content under the influence of mineral fertilizers by 0.2-2.0% in the Cinderella variety and by 0.5-1.8% in the Lika variety. The use of optimal mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of green beans provided a net income for the Lika variety 122.2 thousand rubles/ha and the Cinderella variety – 117.4 thousand rubles/ha.
Evaluation of the availability of forage harvesting equipment and prospects for its market development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Polukhin A A , Mikhaylov M R , Mordovin A N , Panin A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Animal husbandry has been one of the priority areas for the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation over the past decade. One of the factors which gave impetus to its development is the adoption of policies of import substitution, which led not only to increased demand for livestock products due to the limitation of imports from countries that joined sanctions against Russia, but also the development of production sectors that ensure the functioning of this direction of agriculture, in particular agricultural engineering enterprises, producing forage machinery and equipment for maintenance of beef and dairy herds. The analysis of dynamics of changes of quantitative composition of the forage machines fleet shows that over the past three decades there has been a steady tendency to its permanent reduction, due primarily to a decrease in the number of livestock and, as a consequence, the reduction of lands under fodder crops and the general trend of increasing the saturation of machines in agriculture that can significantly increase their productivity. Along with obvious advantages, such as, for example, saving fuel and lubricants and wages due to a reduction in the number of runs on the field, such trends carry a number of risks associated with possible downtime to eliminate the consequences of failures and, as a result, violation of agrotechnical harvesting deadlines. Foreign companies that have moved their assembly plants to the territory of the Russian Federation and have fulfilled the requirements for localization of production often leave the production of spare parts outside its borders, which can not be considered as a positive factor from the point of view of food security. State support, which until recently was mainly directed at equipment manufacturers, did not fully stimulate the implementation of research and development work that could increase the competitiveness of national products over foreign ones, all other things being equal. These factors together dictate the need to conduct research on the prospects for the development of its market.
Land management in the Oryol region agriculture
Authors: Klimova S P , Polukhin A A , Titkov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the current problems of land management in the Oryol region agriculture based on the study of the economic characteristics of land as a real estate object. Based on statistical data, the analysis of the land potential of the Oryol region was carried out, the current state and dynamics of changes in agricultural land areas were studied. The total area of agricultural land plots that meets the requirements of the country’s legislation regarding their classification as particularly valuable land for agricultural production, the use of which is restricted for other purposes, is determined. The differential nature of the value of the cadastral value of agricultural land in the Oryol region is studied, the specifics and functional purpose of the cadastral value as an economic category of land plots are determined. That is why effective land management of agricultural enterprises at the regional level is an urgent problem that requires timely solutions based on the integration of organizational and economic aspects of management actions. All this indicates that it is necessary to continue research related to both forms of land ownership and improvement of economic relations in terms of the use of agricultural land.
Efficiency of using complex fertilizers for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and growing plants of buckwheat
Authors: Glazova Z I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of three years of research on the use of various organic and mineral fertilizers for foliar feeding of Druzhina variety buckwheat in the Oryol region. It is noted that the use of complex organic and mineral fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro: Alfastim, Polydon Boron, Polydon Potassium Plus, Polydon Bio, Polydon NP for pre-treatment of seeds and leaf fertilizing provides an increase in grain yield by 0.19-0.40 t/ha. The share of this factor influence was 12.8-16.9%, depending on weather conditions during the growing season. The positive effect of seed treatment with the biological stimulant Alfastim on buckwheat yield is shown: grain harvest from 1 ha of crops increased by 0.04-0.31 t/ha.
It is established that foliar fertilization with organic fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro is economically justified: with a small consumption (1.6-5.6 t/ha), additional grain collection provides income from 4.90 to 6.02 thousand rubles/ha.
Effect of lubrication in the non-Reynolds regime due to the non-negligible gap on the fluid permeation through a membrane
Authors: Takeuchi Shintaro , Miyauchi Suguru , Yamada Shuji , Tazaki Asahi , Zhang Lucy T , Onishi Ryo , Kajishima Takeo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To understand lubrication-induced membrane permeation, the effects of permeability and membrane geometry on lubrication pressure and permeate flux are studied in a range of a wall-membrane gap width wherein the effect of lubrication cannot be resolved using the Reynolds lubrication equation. The unresolvable lubrication effect (referred to as the non-Reynolds lubrication effect) is modelled by including a higher-order effect as the wall-tangential variation of the local Couette–Poiseuille velocity. Analytical prediction of the permeate flux is then validated with the fully validated numerical simulation. The result shows that, while the traditional Reynolds lubrication model underestimates the permeate flux, the permeation with the effect of the non-Reynolds lubrication is effectively improved in a small permeability range. Furthermore, the non-Reynolds lubrication model also enables reproduction of the characteristic variation in the permeate flux along the membrane. The effective range of the permeability for the non-Reynolds permeate model is discussed through the order analysis of the pressure terms in the Reynolds and non-Reynolds lubrication regimes.
Temporal vs. spatial variation in stress-associated metabolites within a population of climate-sensitive small mammals
Authors: Whipple Ashley L , Ray Chris , Wasser Max , Kitchens James N , Hove Alisa A , Varner Johanna , Wilkening Jennifer L 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Temporal variation in stress might signify changes in an animal’s internal or external environment, while spatial variation in stress might signify variation in the quality of the habitats that individual animals experience. Habitat-induced variations in stress might be easiest to detect in highly territorial animals, and especially in species that do not take advantage of common strategies for modulating habitat-induced stress, such as migration (escape in space) or hibernation (escape in time). Spatial and temporal variation in response to potential stressors has received little study in wild animals, especially at scales appropriate for relating stress to specific habitat characteristics. Here, we use the American pika (Ochotona princeps), a territorial small mammal, to investigate stress response within and among territories. For individually territorial animals such as pikas, differences in habitat quality should lead to differences in stress exhibited by territory owners. We indexed stress using stress-associated hormone metabolites in feces collected non-invasively from pika territories every 2 weeks from June to September 2018. We hypothesized that differences in territory quality would lead to spatial differences in mean stress and that seasonal variation in physiology or the physical environment would lead to synchronous variation across territories through time. We used linear mixed-effects models to explore spatiotemporal variation in stress using fixed effects of day-of-year and broad habitat characteristics (elevation, aspect, site), as well as local variation in habitat characteristics hypothesized to affect territory quality for this saxicolous species (talus depth, clast size, available forage types). We found that temporal variation within territories was greater than spatial variation among territories, suggesting that shared seasonal stressors are more influential than differences in individual habitat quality. This approach could be used in other wildlife studies to refine our understanding of habitat quality and its effect on individual stress levels as a driver of population decline.
Zebrafish Scube1 and Scube2 cooperate in promoting Vegfa signalling during embryonic vascularization
Authors: Tsao Ku-Chi , Lin Yuh-Charn , Chen Yi-Ting , Lai Shih-Lei , Yang Ruey-Bing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
The secreted and membrane-anchored signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing proteins (SCUBE) gene family composed of three members was originally identified from endothelial cells (ECs). We recently showed that membrane SCUBE2 binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and acts as a co-receptor for VEGF receptor 2 to modulate EC migration, proliferation, and tube formation during postnatal and tumour angiogenesis. However, whether these SCUBE genes cooperate in modulating VEGF signalling during embryonic vascular development remains unknown.

Methods and results
To further dissect the genetic interactions of these scube genes, transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing was used to generate knockout (KO) alleles of each scube gene. No overt vascular phenotypes were seen in any single scube KO mutants because of compensation by other scube genes during zebrafish development. However, scube1 and scube2 double KO (DKO) severely impaired EC filopodia extensions, migration, and proliferation, thus disrupting proper vascular lumen formation during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as well as development of the organ-specific intestinal vasculature. Further genetic, biochemical, and molecular analyses revealed that Scube1 and Scube2 might act cooperatively at the cell-surface receptor level to facilitate Vegfa signalling during zebrafish embryonic vascularization.

Conclusions
We showed for the first time that cooperation between scube1 and scube2 is critical for proper regulation of angiogenic cell behaviours and formation of functional vessels during zebrafish embryonic development.
Functional Adaptations in the Forelimb of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia)
Authors: Smith Heather F , Townsend K E Beth , Adrian Brent , Levy Samuel , Marsh Shelby , Hassur Rebecca , Manfredi Kevin , Echols M Scott 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is anatomically and physiologically adapted for life in the rocky terrain of alpine zones in Central and South Asia. Panthera uncia is scansorial, and typically hunts solitarily by using overhead ambush of prey, rather than the typical stalking pattern of other large pantherines. In this study, we conducted dissections, detailed documentation, and illustrated the forelimb anatomy of two adult P. uncia specimens (1M/1F). Qualitative and quantitative data revealed an intriguing combination of functional adaptations illustrating a balance between the diverse demands of head-first descent, pouncing, climbing across rocky terrain, restraint of large prey, rapid pursuit, and navigating deep snow. In many forelimb proportions, P. uncia is intermediate between the cursorial Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) and the scansorial forest dwelling Panthera onca (jaguar). Enlarged scapular and pectoral musculature provide stability to the shoulder girdle during grappling with large prey, as well as support during jumping and climbing. A small, unarticulated bony clavicle may provide greater stability to the forelimb, while still allowing flexibility. In the brachium and antebrachium of P. uncia, there is a functional compromise between the powerful grip needed for grasping large prey and the stability necessary for rapid pursuit of prey over uneven, rocky terrain. A unique bifurcation in the tendon of m. biceps brachii may provide additional functional stability at the radiohumeral joint. Intrinsic muscles of the palmar manus are broad and fleshy, acting as an enlarged surface area to evenly distribute body weight while walking on soft snow. However, muscles that act to provide fine manual manipulation are reduced, as in other large prey specialists. Overall, P. uncia displays morphological adaptive parallels with scansorial, large prey specializing pantherines, such as P. onca, while also showing adaptations for running.
Maximal regularity of multistep fully discrete finite element methods for parabolic equations
Authors: Li Buyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article extends the semidiscrete maximal $L^p$-regularity results in Li (2019, Analyticity, maximal regularity and maximum-norm stability of semi-discrete finite element solutions of parabolic equations in nonconvex polyhedra. Math. Comp., 88, 1--44) to multistep fully discrete finite element methods for parabolic equations with more general diffusion coefficients in $W^{1,d+\beta }$, where $d$ is the dimension of space and $\beta&gt;0$. The maximal angles of $R$-boundedness are characterized for the analytic semigroup $e^{zA_h}$ and the resolvent operator $z(z-A_h)^{-1}$, respectively, associated to an elliptic finite element operator $A_h$. Maximal $L^p$-regularity, an optimal $\ell ^p(L^q)$ error estimate and an $\ell ^p(W^{1,q})$ estimate are established for fully discrete finite element methods with multistep backward differentiation formulae.
Long non-coding RNA ZEB1-AS1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting miR-299-3p/E2F1 axis
Authors: Mu Baiyin , Lv Chenlan , Liu Qingli , Yang Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is emerging evidence that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1) functions as an oncogenic regulator in various malignancies. Nonetheless, the potential role of ZEB1-AS1 in HCC remains poorly elucidated. Herein, qRT-PCR was employed for examining ZEB1-AS1, miR-299-3p and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) mRNA expressions in HCC cells and tissues. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Transwell assay was utilized for evaluating cancer cell migration and invasion. Western blot was employed for measuring E2F1 protein expression. What’s more, dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized for verifying the targeting relationships between ZEB1-AS1 and miR-299-3p, as well as E2F1 and miR-299-3p. It was demonstrated that, in HCC tissues and cells, ZEB1-AS1 expression was markedly increased, and meanwhile, its high expression level is related to the unfavourable clinicopathologic indicators. ZEB1-AS1 overexpression facilitated HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while its knockdown led to the opposite effects. In terms of mechanism, we discovered that ZEB1-AS1 could decoy miR-299-3p and upregulate E2F1 expression. This work reveals the functions and mechanism of ZEB1-AS1 in HCC tumourigenesis and progression, which provides novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.