bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postsynaptic synucleins mediate vesicular exocytosis of endocannabinoids
Authors: Ding Jun , Albarran Eddy , Sun Yue , Liu Yu , Raju Karthik , Dong Ao , Li Yulong , Wang Sui , Sudhof Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two seemingly unrelated questions have long motivated studies in neuroscience: How are endocannabinoids, among the most powerful modulators of synaptic transmission, released from neurons? What are the physiological functions of synucleins, key contributors to Parkinson’s Disease? Here, we report an unexpected convergence of these two questions: Endocannabinoids are released via vesicular exocytosis from postsynaptic neurons by a synuclein-dependent mechanism. Specifically, we find that deletion of all synucleins selectively blocks all endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic plasticity; this block is reversed by postsynaptic expression of wildtype but not of mutant α-synuclein. Loading postsynaptic neurons with endocannabinoids via patch-pipette dialysis suppressed presynaptic neurotransmitter release in wildtype but not in synuclein-deficient neurons, suggesting that the synuclein deletion blocks endocannabinoid release. Direct optical monitoring of endocannabinoid release confirmed the requirement of synucleins. Given the role of synucleins in vesicular exocytosis, the requirement for synucleins in endocannabinoid release indicates that endocannabinoids are secreted via exocytosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, postsynaptic expression of tetanus-toxin light chain, which cleaves synaptobrevin SNAREs, also blocked endocannabinoid-dependent plasticity and release. The unexpected finding that endocannabinoids are released via synuclein-dependent exocytosis assigns a function to synucleins and resolves a longstanding puzzle of how neurons release endocannabinoids to induce synaptic plasticity.
Identification and HPLC Purification of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) from the Seed Coats, Leaves and Bark of Givotia Rottleriformis Griff.
Authors: Kamatham Samuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) is an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer molecule derived from salicylic acid (SA) and produced by different companies worldwide because of the wide range of therapeutic applications in human. Accumulated evidence suggest that ASA relieves pain, swelling, cold or flu, prevent colorectal cancer and cardiovascular diseases. ASA induces defense response against wide range of pathogens in plants. Recently, we reported benzoylsalicylic acid (BzSA) and other anti-cancer molecules such as gallic acid (GA) methyl gallate from the seed coats of G. rottleriformis 1-3. Here we are reporting the natural aspirin first time from the seed coats, leaves and bark of G. rottleriformis. HPLC chromatogram of hexane extract of seed coats, leaves and bark have shown a peak at RT 24.8min coeluted with the aspirin standard. The purified aspirin from the seed coats were subjected to 1H NMR and were confirmed as aspirin. These results suggest that aspirin biosynthesis is taking place in seed coats, leaves and bark of G. rottlerifirmis and supports the medicinal properties of G. rottleriformis. These results suggest that the seedcoats, leaves and bark of this plant contains the highly useful medicinal compounds to treat the rheumatism, cancer, cardiovascular, psoriasis, anti-inflammatory and other skin diseases.
Plasmonic Characteristics of Rhodium Dual Broken Nanorings In UV-Visible Regime
Authors: Zhang Yue , Dong Dandan , Xiong Tao , Wang Wei , Sun Cheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work reports on the plasmonic properties of a symmetry-breaking system consisting of rhodium dual broken nanorings, in the ultraviolet-visible regime. In the structure, two rhodium broken rings are located with a separation on the scale of nanometers. As the separation, the light polarization, and the relative orientation of the broken angles are respectively varied, the plasmonic scattering efficiency of the system is investigated, using the finite difference time domain method. Multiple plasmonic resonances are revealed, and the associated asymmetry-induced Fano-like lineshapes are fitted to a model that employs multiple Fano lineshape functions. The resonance wavelengths, the spectral widths, and the characteristic q values are determined from the best fit parameters, and the plasmonic characteristics of the system are quantitatively probed. The results in this work may be beneficial in designs of plasmonic devices that operates at ultraviolet-visible wavelengths.
Lessons learned from implementation of the Workload Indicator of Staffing Need (WISN) methodology: An international Delphi study of expert users.
Authors: Namaganda Grace Nyendwoha , Whitright Audrey , Maniple Everd Bikaitwoha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStaffing of health services ought to consider the workload experienced to maximize efficiency. However, this is rarely the case, due to lack of an appropriate approach. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed and has promoted the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) methodology globally. Due to its relative simplicity compared to previous methods, the WISN has been used extensively, particularly after its computerization in 2010. Many lessons have been learnt from the introduction and promotion of the methodology across the globe but have, hitherto, not been synthesized for technical and policy consideration. This study gathered, synthesized, and now shares the key adaptations, innovations, and lessons learned. These could facilitate lesson-learning and motivate the WHO’s WISN Thematic Working Group to review and further ease its application.MethodsThe study aimed to answer four questions: (1) how easy is it for the users to implement each step of the WISN methodology? (2) what innovations have been used to overcome implementation challenges? (3) what lessons have been learned that could inform future WISN implementation? and (4) what recommendations can be made to improve the WISN methodology? We used a three-round traditional Delphi method to conduct a case study of user-experiences during the adoption of the WISN methodology. We sent three email iterations to 23 purposively selected WISN expert users across 21 countries in five continents. Thematic analysis of each round was done simultaneously with data collection.ResultsParticipants rated seven of the eight technical steps of the WISN as either “very easy” or “easy” to implement. The step considered most difficult was obtaining the Category Allowance Factors (CAF). Key lessons learned were that: the benefits gained from applying the WISN outweigh the challenges faced in understanding the technical steps; benchmarking during WISN implementation saves time; data quality is critical for successful implementation; and starting with small-scale projects sets the ground better for more effective scale-up than attempting massive national application of the methodology the first time round. ConclusionsThe study provides a good reference for easing WISN implementation for new users and for WHO to continue promoting and improving upon it.
Machine learning-based tissue of origin classification for cancer of unknown primary diagnostics using genome-wide mutation features
Authors: Cuppen Edwin , Nguyen Luan , Hoeck Arne van 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tumor tissue of origin (TOO) is an important factor for guiding treatment decisions. However, TOO cannot be determined for ~3% of metastatic cancer patients and are categorized as cancers of unknown primary (CUP). As whole genome sequencing (WGS) of tumors is now transitioning from the research domain to diagnostic practice in order to address the increasing demand for biomarker detection, its use for detection of TOO in routine diagnostics also starts becoming within reach. While proof of concept for the use of genome-wide features has been demonstrated before, more complex WGS mutation features, including structural variant (SV) driver and passenger events, have never been integrated into TOO-classifiers even though they bear highly characteristic links with tumor TOO. Using a uniformly processed dataset containing 6820 whole-genome sequenced primary and metastatic tumors, we have developed Cancer of Unknown Primary Location Resolver (CUPLR), a random forest based TOO classifier that employs 502 features based on simple and complex somatic driver and passenger mutations. Our model is able to distinguish 33 cancer (sub)types with an overall accuracy of 91% and 89% based on cross-validation (n=6139) and hold out set (n=681) predictions respectively. We found that SV derived features increase the accuracy and utility of TOO classification for specific cancer types. To ensure that predictions are human-interpretable and suited for use in routine diagnostics, CUPLR reports the top contributing features and their values compared to cohort averages. The comprehensive output of CUPLR is complementary to existing histopathological procedures and may thus improve diagnostics for patients with CUP.
Synthesis of Sodium Titanates and Their Use in the Photocatalytic Degradation of No
Authors: Bastida Marco Antonio Cueto , Maldonado Yadira Guadalupe , Reyes-Vidal Yolanda , Solís-López Myriam , Coutino-González Eduardo , Ayala Fabricio Espejel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of sodium titanates (ST), and their evaluation in the photocatalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) are described herein. The materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal route using 5 M NaOH as the mineralizer agent and a TiO2 content of 0.06 mg/mL (expressed as the mass ratio of TiO2/mL of NaOH), at 170 °C for 48 hours, resulting in sodium tri- and hexa-titanates. A nanotubular morphology was observed for the ST, as proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); a subsequent heat-treatment at 400 °C allowed a complete transformation of sodium tri- to hexa-titanates and an increase in bandgap. The obtained ST were impregnated with Ag+ and Zn+ cations, ST-Ag and ST-Zn, respectively, to tune the materials’ bandgap. XPS analysis of the ST-Ag materials showed evidence of metallic Ag, pointing to the formation of silver nanoparticles, whereas for ST-Zn oxide phases were mainly spotted. The materials were evaluated for the photocatalytic reduction of NO using a reactor fed with a continuous flow rate of NO, generated in situ at a flow of 280 mL/min using nitrogen and a 253 nm UV irradiation source. The photocatalytic tests showed that pristine ST (tri- and hexa-titanates) displayed better performance in the reduction of NO with respect to the impregnated samples (ST-Ag, ST-Zn). Maximum degradation efficiencies of 80% were achieved when 1 g of photocatalyst was used with a flow of 280 mL/min and a 253 nm UV lamp.
Seeing pre-screened, regular clients associated with lower odds of workplace sexual violence and condom refusal amidst sex work criminalization: Findings of a community-based cohort of sex workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada (2010-2019)
Authors: McBride Bronwyn , Shannon Kate , Pearson Jennie , Krüsi Andrea , Braschel Melissa , Goldenberg Shira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Research that accurately represents how characteristics of sex work clients relate to sex workers’ labour conditions is crucial for informing evidence-based legislation which upholds sex workers’ human rights. However, little quantitative research has examined how seeing regulars (repeat clients) impacts sex workers’ occupational safety, particularly under ‘end-demand’ criminalization.
Methods
Drawing on longitudinal data from a community-based cohort of 900+ sex workers in Vancouver, we used logistic regression analyses to 1) describe correlates of seeing mostly pre-screened, regular clients, 2) identify associations between seeing mostly regulars and odds of experiencing occupational outcomes of workplace sexual violence and client condom refusal, and 3) examine the interaction between seeing mostly regulars and work environment on workplace sexual violence and client condom refusal.
Results
Over the 9-year study (N=925), seeing mostly regulars was associated with reduced odds of sexual violence (AOR 0.73, 95%CI 0.53-1.02) and client condom refusal (AOR 0.70, 95%CI 0.57-0.86) in multivariable GEE confounder models. These associations were strongest among sex workers in outdoor/informal indoor workspaces.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight protective effects of seeing pre-screened regulars within a criminalized setting. Removal of ‘end-demand’ client criminalization is needed to enable sex workers to effectively screen clients, support HIV/STI prevention, and advance sex workers’ human rights.
DnaK response to expression of protein mutants is dependent on translation rate and stability
Authors: Christensen Signe , Rämisch Sebastian , André Ingemar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chaperones play a central part in the quality control system in cells by clearing misfolded and aggregated proteins. The chaperone DnaK acts as a sensor for molecular stress by recognising short hydrophobic stretches of misfolded proteins. As the level of unfolded protein is a function of protein stability, we hypothesised that the level of DnaK response upon overexpression of recombinant proteins would be correlated to stability. Using a set of mutants of the lambda-repressor with varying thermal stabilities and a fluorescent reporter system, the effect of stability on DnaK response and protein abundance was investigated. Our results demonstrate that the initial DnaK response is largely dependent on protein synthesis rate but as the recombinantly expressed protein accumulates and homeostasis is approached the response correlates strongly with stability. Furthermore, we observe a large degree of cell-cell variation in protein abundance and DnaK response in more stable proteins.
Experimental device-independent quantum key distribution between distant users
Authors: Lim Charles , Zhang Wei , Leent Tim , Redeker Kai , Garthoff Robert , Schwonnek Rene , Fertig Florian , Eppelt Sebastian , Scarani Valerio , Weinfurter Harald , Rosenfeld Wenjamin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to establish secret keys over an untrusted channel. So far, the real-world implementation of DIQKD remains a major challenge, as it requires a loophole-free Bell test with very high quality entanglement and detection efficiency across two remote locations to ensure secure key exchange. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the distribution of a secure key, based on asymptotic security estimates, in a fully device-independent way between two users separated by 400 metres. The experiment is based on heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single Rubidium 87 atoms. The implementation of a robust DIQKD protocol indicates an expected secret key rate of r=0.07 per entanglement generation event. Furthermore, we analyse the experiment’s capability to distribute a secret key with finite-size security against collective attacks.
Development and Validation of a Novel 3-Gene Prognostic Model for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes
Authors: Yang Jihua , Wei Xiaohong , Hu Fang , Wei Dong , Sun Liao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Molecular markers play an important role in predicting clinical outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. Analysis of the ferroptosis-related genes may provide novel potential targets for the prognosis and treatment of PAAD. Methods: RNA-sequence data of PAAD was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public databases. The PAAD samples were clustered by a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. The R software package clusterProfiler was used for functional enrichment analysis. By LASSO regression, we established a multi-gene prognostic model, and the model was validated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry and T3M4 cell line. Results: Three molecular subtypes were identified, and a 3-gene signature model (ALOX5, ALOX12, and CISD1) was constructed. The prognostic model showed good independent prognostic ability in PAAD. In the GSE62452 external validation set, the molecular model also showed good risk prediction. The predictive efficiency of the 3-gene signature-based nomogram was significantly better than that of traditional clinical features. Finally, qPCR and immunohistochemical staining and cell function results suggested that ALOX5 may be an oncogene and ALOX12 and CISD1 may be tumor suppressor genes. Conclusions: We present a novel prognostic molecular model for PAAD based on ferroptosis-related genes, which serves as a potentially effective tool for prognostic differentiation in pancreatic cancer patients.
Gene expression trend changes in breast cancer populations over two decades: insights from The Cancer Genome Atlas database
Authors: Wu Jinbo , Hu Taobo , Wang Shu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer has remained the most common malignancy in women over the past two decades. As lifestyle and living environments have changed, alterations to the disease spectrum have inevitably occurred in this time. As molecular profiling has become a routine diagnostic and objective indicator of breast cancer etiology, we analyzed changes in gene expression in breast cancer populations over two decades using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: We performed Heatmap and Venn diagram analyses to identify constantly up- and down-regulated genes in this cohort. We used Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to visualize associated functional pathways. Results: We determined that three oncogenes, PD-L2, ETV5, and MTOR and 113 long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were constantly up-regulated, whereas two oncogenes, BCR and GTF2I, one tumor suppression gene (TSG) MEN1, and 30 lincRNAs were constantly down-regulated. Up-regulated genes were enriched in “focal adhesion” and “PI3K-Akt signaling” pathways, et al, and down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in “metabolic pathways” and “viral myocarditis”. Eight up-regulated genes exhibited doubled or higher expression, and the expression of three down-regulated genes was halved or lowered and correlated with long-term survival. Conclusions: In this study, we determined that genes and molecular pathways are constantly changing, importantly, some altered genes were associated with prognostics and are potential therapeutic targets, suggesting molecular typing technologies must keep pace with this dynamic situation.
Effect of acupuncture therapy on regulating serum cytokines : a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Feng Xiaoteng , Du Min , Zhang Yifan , Li Sijin , Ding Jie , Wang Jiarou , Wang Yiru , Liu Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: There is still a lack of evidence-based, safe, and high benefit/harm ratio full-term prevention and treatment methods to effectively inhibit the release of the inflammatory factors. Serum cytokine level indicates the severity of inflammatory activities in surgery, infection, and many diseases. Accumulating evidence has shown that acupuncture, which has the advantages of safety, simplicity, and low price, can reduce serum cytokine levels. Methods and analysis: We will search three English databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (Chinese biomedical literature database, VIP database for Chinese technical periods, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang) to obtain all RCT studies. Research of other types will not be included. But no literature will be excluded due to the publication date. Two independent reviewers will conduct research screening of three levels (title, abstract and full text), data extraction and bias risk assessment according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and their differences will be resolved by a senior researcher. Random or fixed-effect models will be used according to data heterogeneity. The data will be expressed as the risk ratio of binary data or the average difference of continuous data, and the confidence interval (CI) of all results is 95%. Ethics and dissemination: Since only the data in the published literature are used for secondary analysis, there is no need to re-apply for ethical review. We will publish the results of this study and share the findings with our peers at international conferences. PROSPERO registration title and number: Effect of acupuncture therapy on regulating serum cytokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis CRD42021268894
Impact of Toothbrush Age on Clinical Indicators of Oral Health, a Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Zayandeh Sepideh , Yaghoubi Zahra , Hosseini Kosar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic untreated disease worldwide. The simplest and most important factor in preventing dental caries is maintaining oral hygiene and removing microbial plaque using a toothbrush. Despite the relationship between toothbrush filament wear and plaque removal effectiveness as a potentially important factor in maintaining oral health, there is little objective standard evidence as to 1) what constitutes a worn-out brush and 2) the degree of loss in plaque removal effectiveness due to brush wear. Contradictions in the results of studies on toothbrushing and the loss of its effectiveness in removing plaque based on the time spent using the toothbrush have led to conflicting recommendations for changing toothbrushes after different periods. While some studies generally question the relationship between toothbrush age and effectiveness. The lack of comprehensive evidence in this area necessitates a structured review study.Methods: We will search the electronic databases ISI, Scopus, and PubMed to find related articles. Our main inclusion criterion is Clinical trial and observational studies investigating manual toothbrush longevity in the natural toothbrush-worn model on each objective indicator of oral health (including plaque removal and gingival indices ...). All funded citations are entered into the Endnote software. the full texts of potentially relevant studies are prepared. study selection and extracting the data will be performed by two reviewers. Also, the studies quality will be assessed. The findings will be displayed using figures, summary tables and narrative summaries. If the similarity of studies and their quality is desirable, meta-analysis will be performed. We will assess the heterogeneity on the bias of the magnitude of heterogeneity variance parameter. We are also going to conduct subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis if needed.Discussion: The final systematic review highlights the gaps in the available evidence about the effectiveness of toothbrush longevity on each oral indices to provide the best recommendation for toothbrush renewal periods. Registration: The review subject has been submitted in PROSPERO database