bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Immunofluorescence Assays Results for Diagnosis of Rickettsial Diseases Using Direct Serum and Filter Paper Serum Spots
Authors: Sweety Afroza Akbar , Munshi Saif Ullah , Hossain Mohammad Zaid , Islam Baishakhi , Tabassum Shahina , Ahmed Imtiaz , Khan Shahjalal , Khan AHM Ejrarul Alam , Azad Khan Abul Kalam 
Published: March 2021

Background: Rickettsial diseases are difficult to diagnose in Bangladesh due to low index of suspicion and lack of diagnostic facilities in most laboratories especially in rural areas. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the gold standard serological test for diagnosis of Rickettsial diseases. For serological diagnosis of rickettsial diseases, use of filter paper is an inexpensive and convenient method for collecting, storing, and transporting of blood samples with little space without refrigeration. Current study shows that the rickettsial diseases were present in febrile patients in Bangladesh. The study also compared the results of direct serum by IFA and filter paper serum spot followed by IFA as an alternative way of testing frozen samples.
Materials and Methods: This observational study for evaluation of rickettsial diseases from direct serum by IFA and sera dried on blotting paper followed by IFA at the department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 152 patients’ sera were selected by systemic random sampling of every 3rd sera of 556 febrile patients who were tested negative for dengue and or Chikungunya virus infection. Forty cases were confirmed by IFA from direct sera. In addition, 60 samples were selected from 152 sera by systemic random sampling of every 3rd sera for blotting on filter paper for further IFA test. Out of 60 sera, 35 were confirmed by IFA from direct sera and of the 35 confirmed positive cases, 31(88.6%) were positive by IFA after blotting paper assay. Taking the IFA of direct sera as gold standard test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IFA from blotting paper eluted sera were 88%, 100%, 100% and 86% respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed the use of filter paper is an inexpensive and convenient method for storing and transporting samples for serological tests like IFA in diagnosis of rickettsial diseases.
J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.2, October, 2019, Page 153-158
Burnout and Its Relationship With Depressive Symptoms in Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China
Authors: Huo Lijuan , Zhou Yongjie , Li Shen , Ning Yuping , Zeng Lingyun , Liu Zhengkui , Qian Wei , Yang Jiezhi , Zhou Xin , Liu Tiebang , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe large-scale epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered unprecedented physical and psychological stress on health professionals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome, and the relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms among frontline medical staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.MethodsA total of 606 frontline medical staff were recruited from 133 cities in China using a cross-sectional survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to assess the level of burnout. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-9).ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, 36.5% of the medical staff experienced burnout. Personal and work-related factors were independently associated with burnout, including age (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52–0.89, p = 0.004), family income (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99, p = 0.045), having physical diseases (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.42–3.28, p &lt; 0.001), daily working hours (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77, p = 0.033), and profession of nurse (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.12–4.10, p = 0.022). The correlation coefficients between the scores of each burnout subscale and the scores of depressive symptoms were 0.57 for emotional exhaustion, 0.37 for cynicism, and −0.41 for professional efficacy (all p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence rate of burnout is extremely high among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with other psychological disorders, such as depression. Psychological intervention for medical staff is urgently needed. Young and less experienced medical staff, especially nurses, should receive more attention when providing psychological assistance.
Efeito modulador da interface EMG-FES na abertura de mão em indivíduos após AVC
Authors: Fumagali Giovanna Luise Cabrera , Krueger Eddy 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo. A eletromiografia (EMG) capta ativação do motoneurônio e aciona a estimulação elétrica funcional (FES) promove contração muscular que mimetiza ativação muscular e promove neuroplasticidade. A interface EMG-FES é a interação de ambos os dispositivos, seu uso no presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar seu efeito modulador na abertura da mão em participantes pós–acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método. Foram realizadas 4 avaliações: (1) antes da intervenção, (2) após 8 sessões, (3) após 16 sessões e (4) acompanhamento após 15 dias da última intervenção. Foram feitas EMG de superfície nos músculos: (i) extensores de dedos, (ii) extensor do indicador, (iii) abdutor do polegar e (iv) flexor dos dedos. Foram realizadas 8 ou 16 sessões de ~30 minutos de duração de aplicação da interface EMG-FES nos músculos extensores de dedos. Resultados. Foram contatados 431 e selecionados 4 participantes para o protocolo. Em dois dos participantes foram realizadas 8 sessões e nos outros dois, 16. A EMG registrou aumento do sinal e a taxa de disparo neural dos músculos avaliados na segunda e terceira avaliação, respectivamente. Nas avaliações seguintes houve diminuição dos valores, exceto nos músculos flexores dos dedos. Conclusão. A interface EMG-FES indicou que funciona para aumentar a ativação muscular e a taxa de disparo neural. Na avaliação de acompanhamento houve regressão dos valores, indicando melhora apenas a curto prazo. Para otimização da aplicação da interface EMG-FES sugere-se associá-la à exercícios resistidos e/ou terapia espelho.
Precise Transit and Radial-velocity Characterization of a Resonant Pair: The Warm Jupiter TOI-216c and Eccentric Warm Neptune TOI-216b
Authors: Dawson Rebekah I. , Huang Chelsea X. , Brahm Rafael , Collins Karen A. , Hobson Melissa J. , Jordán Andrés , Dong Jiayin , Korth Judith , Trifonov Trifon , Abe Lyu , Agabi Abdelkrim , Bruni Ivan , Butler R. Paul , Barbieri Mauro , Collins Kevin I. , Conti Dennis M. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Crouzet Nicolas , Dransfield Georgina , Evans Phil , Espinoza Néstor , Gan Tianjun , Guillot Tristan , Henning Thomas , Lissauer Jack J. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Sainte Wenceslas Marie , Mékarnia Djamel , Myers Gordon , Nandakumar Sangeetha , Relles Howard M. , Sarkis Paula , Torres Pascal , Shectman Stephen , Schmider François-Xavier , Shporer Avi , Stockdale Chris , Teske Johanna , Triaud Amaury H. M. J. , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Ziegler Carl , Ricker G. , Vanderspek R. , Latham David W. , Seager S. , Winn J. , Jenkins Jon M. , Bouma L. G. , Burt Jennifer A. , Charbonneau David , Levine Alan M. , McDermott Scott , McLean Brian , Rose Mark E. , Vanderburg Andrew , Wohler Bill 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
TOI-216 hosts a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These planets were found to be in or near the 2:1 resonance, and both of them exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Precise characterization of the planets’ masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude of

deg, a small but significant free eccentricity of

for TOI-216b, and a small but significant mutual inclination of 1.°2–3.°9 (95% confidence interval). The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet.
Gamma-Ray Absorption by the Cosmic Lyman Continuum from Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Malkan Matthew A. , Scully Sean T. , Stecker Floyd W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the discovery of the ultra-strong emission-line starburst galaxies (EELGs) known as “green pea galaxies,” in this work we consider their contribution to the intergalactic flux of ionizing UV at high redshifts. Most galaxies that have been observed show a precipitous drop in the flux blueward of their Lyman limit. However, recent observations of EELGs have discovered that many more Lyman continuum photons escape from them into intergalactic space than previously suspected. We calculate their contribution to the extragalactic background light. We also calculate the effect of these photons on the absorption of high-energy γ-rays. For the more distant γ-ray sources, particularly at z ≥ 3, an intergalactic opacity above a few GeV is significantly higher than previous estimates which ignored the Lyman continuum photons. We calculate the results of this increased opacity on observed γ-ray spectra, which produce a high-energy turnover starting at lower energies than previously thought, and a gradual spectral steepening that may also be observable.
The Evolution of the Luminosity Function for Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies to z = 1
Authors: Hunt L. R. , Pisano D. J. , Crawford S. M. , Bershady M. A. , Wirth G. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Luminous compact blue galaxies (LCBGs) are compact, star-forming galaxies that are rarely observed in the local universe but abundant at z = 1. This increase in LCBG number density over cosmic lookback time roughly follows the increase in the star formation rate density of the universe over the same period. We use publicly available data in the COSMOS field to study the evolution of the largest homogeneous sample of LCBGs to date by deriving their luminosity function in four redshift bins over the range 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 1. We find that over this redshift range, the characteristic luminosity (M*) increases by ∼0.2 mag, and the number density increases by a factor of 4. While LCBGs make up only about 18% of galaxies more luminous than M

B
= −18.5 at z ∼ 0.2, they constitute roughly 54% at z ∼ 0.9. The strong evolution in number density indicates that LCBGs are an important population of galaxies to study in order to better understand the decrease in the star formation rate density of the universe since z ∼ 1.
Radial Profiles of Non-thermal Emission from Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
Authors: Tang Yunyong , Liu Siming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 has exhibited the largest surface brightness and a detailed spectral and shell-type morphology, and is one of the brightest TeV sources. The recent H.E.S.S. observation of RX J1713.7-3946 revealed a broken power-law GeV–TeV gamma-ray and a more extended gamma-ray spatial radial profile than in the X-ray band. Based on the diffusion shock acceleration model, we solve spherically symmetric hydrodynamic equations and particle transport equations, and investigate the multi-band non-thermal emission of RX J1713.7-3946 and radial profiles of its surface brightness for two selected zones in the leptonic scenario for gamma-ray emission. We found (1) the diffusion coefficient has a weak energy dependence, and the Kolmogorov type is favored; (2) the magnetic field strength can vary linearly or nonlinearly with radius for different surrounding environments because of possible turbulence in the shock downstream region, and compressional amplification is likely to exist at the shock front; (3) the non-thermal photons from radio to X-ray bands are dominated by synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons if the GeV–TeV gamma-rays are produced by inverse Compton scattering from these electrons interacting with the background photons; then the X-ray and gamma-ray radial profiles can be reproduced except for the more extended gamma-ray emission.
Tomography of the Unique Ongoing Jet in the Planetary Nebula NGC 2392
Authors: Guerrero M. A. , Cazzoli S. , Rechy-García J. S. , Ramos-Larios G. , Montoro-Molina B. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Toalá J. A. , Fang X. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Jets (fast collimated outflows) are claimed to be the main shaping agent of the most asymmetric planetary nebulae (PNs), as they impinge on the circumstellar material at late stages of the asymptotic giant branch phase. The first jet detected in a PN was that of NGC 2392, yet there is no available image because of its low surface brightness contrast with the bright nebular emission. Here we take advantage of the tomographic capabilities of Gran Telescopio de Canarias Multi-Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía high-dispersion integral field spectroscopic observations of the jet in NGC 2392 to gain unprecedented details of its morphology and kinematics. The jet of NGC 2392 is found to emanate from the central star, break through the walls of the inner shell of this iconic PN and extend outside the nebula’s outermost regions with an S-shaped morphology suggestive of precession. At odds with the fossil jets found in mature PNs, the jet in NGC 2392 is currently being collimated and launched. The high nebular excitation of NGC 2392, which implies an He++/He ionization fraction too high to be attributed to the known effective temperature of the star, has been proposed in the past to hint at the presence of a hot white dwarf companion. In conjunction with the hard X-ray emission from the central star, the present-day jet collimation would support the presence of such a double-degenerate system where one component undergoes accretion from a remnant circumbinary disk of the common envelope phase.
DNA barcode reference libraries: Achievements of the DNAqua-Net Working Group 1
Authors: Ekrem Torbjørn , Čiampor Jr Fedor 
Published: March 2021

The three main aims for the DNAqua-Net working group 1 (WG1) have been i) to identify gaps in the barcode reference libraries of European aquatic species, ii) to fill these gaps in collaboration with ongoing initiatives, and iii) to facilitate knowledge transfer and initiate work on barcode reference libraries in regions where such activity was low (Leese et al. 2016). WG1 currently has 129 members from 39 countries spanning four continents, with a majority of members from Europe.
In our presentation we show the achievements of WG1 during the lifetime of the DNAqua-Net COST action (CA15219; 2016-2021), and discuss some of the highlights obtained through collaborative work and joint dissemination. Specifically, we emphasize the outcomes presented in two peer-reviewed scientific publications that focus on standards for building DNA barcode reference libraries, and gaps in reference databases for European aquatic organisms currently used in national biomonitoring programs (Rimet et al. 2021, Weigand et al. 2019). However, major achievements were also obtained in four workshops (Braga, Pécs, Limassol &amp; Bratislava) and through the activities of 16 short-term scientific missions (STSMs).
Why are so many Northern European aquatic invertebrates missing in red-listing and how can we improve assessments for those?
Authors: Leidenberger Sonja , Muhammаd Iqram , Bourlat Sarah J. 
Published: March 2021

The biodiversity crisis is advancing rapidly. One tool to measure extinction risk is the Red List of Threatened Species which follows the IUCN evaluation criteria (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Many aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe are completely missing a red listing process and are evaluated as Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE). In our project, we focus on marine crustaceans and freshwater molluscs (Bivalvia). A systematic survey of more than 440 crustacean and 44 molluscan species in 12 Northern European countries shows that while many freshwater bivalve molluscs and marine crustaceans have existing molecular barcodes as well as digital occurrence records in databases (e.g. in GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility), there exists no evaluation process or regular monitoring for those species and their population status. With such a high level of non-evaluation of species status, species action plans (for single species or multi-taxon approaches) are far away from reality.
In general, traditional monitoring methods based on observational surveys are known to be inefficient, costly and time consuming. e-DNA allows us to detect species with a high level of sensitivity as long as those assays are well validated. Molecular occurrence records can be used to detect rare species and to collect population information. In our Swedish project, we are metabarcoding sediment and plankton samples using metazoan and taxon-specific primers to detect threatened aquatic species. During 2019 and 2020, we collected samples at 15 localities in two marine protected areas for marine crustaceans and at 15 different localities for freshwater molluscs at the Swedish west coast. At each location plankton, sediment and traditional aquatic monitoring samples were taken. The idea is to compare how the methods perform in finding rare species, which could improve the data for those groups so they can be evaluated in the next round of red listing (2025) in Sweden. During the entire project, there is an on-going dialogue with stakeholders and experts from the Swedish Species Information Centre, responsible for the red listing process in the country.
eDNA is a useful tool to evaluate the success of the eradication program of Xenopus laevis in Portugal
Authors: Bento Sara , Egeter Bastian , Rebelo Rui , Chaves Cátia , Pinto Joana 
Published: March 2021

Biological invasions are widely recognized as a major driver of global biodiversity loss. The most cost-effective answer is often population eradication, while the number of individuals is still limited. The detection of the invasive species at low densities is essential for eradication success, which can be difficult using traditional methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) can facilitate the detection and monitoring of invasive aquatic species at low densities and can be more sensitive than traditional sampling. The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is a highly invasive species and has been recorded in several European countries. In Portugal, the species was discovered in 2006 and since 2010, streams of the Lisbon area, suspected or at risk of invasion, are being monitored every year and removal is ongoing. The main method of detection is electrofishing but methods like draining artificial ponds have also been used. This program so far succeeded in containing the spread and reduced frog abundance, although total eradication has not yet been accomplished. To evaluate the success of this program, we collected water samples from fifteen sites. In each site we sampled both pools and riifles to test if lotic microhabitat influences X. laevis eDNA detection and concentration. Surface water velocity in each sampling point was also measured. We filtered the samples, extracted DNA from filters, and assayed the extracted DNA for X. laevis DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). From the fifteen sites sampled, five were positive for X. laevis eDNA: four lotic sites and one lentic site. Local eradication success was evident mainly in lentic habitats, and three potential failures were also identified. Finding X. laevis at one of these sites only after X. laevis eDNA detection was an important contribution of this technique for the success of the control and eradication program. No significative differences were found between lotic microhabitat (riffles and pools) regarding X. laevis eDNA concentration and detection but velocity affected the concentration of X. laevis eDNA captured. Our results corroborate other studies that recommend eDNA as a complementary sampling approach to other traditional methods and suggests its suitability as a tool for the detection of invasive amphibians.
To be presented as a flash oral presentation at the DNAQUA International Conference - First international conference on the use of DNA for water biomonitoring.
Is the ecological status assessment result the same using genomic- and morphology-based benthic biotic indices?
Authors: Borja Ángel , Muxika Iñigo , Lanzén Anders 
Published: March 2021

Monitoring and assessment of benthic communities have been routinely undertaken using morphology-based benthic indices, among which AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and multivariate-AMBI (M-AMBI), are the most successful worldwide (Borja et al., 2019). They are used officially in routine monitoring in many European countries, where they have been intercalibrated (European Commission, 2018). AMBI has been mirrored by metabarcoding, and the genomic version (gAMBI; Aylagas et al., 2014) has demonstrated to yield results comparable to the morphological version. However, we have so far failed to develop a reliable genomic version of M-AMBI (M-gAMBI), which includes gAMBI, richness and diversity (Aylagas et al., 2018). This is because richness and diversity present very different results in morphological and genomic analyses. Since the multivariate method needs reference conditions, these must be set specifically for M-gAMBI to make its results comparable to those obtained with M-AMBI. To this aim, we started annual surveys in 2018, in 22 sampling locations, in Basque estuaries and coast. We present the results from the first three years of these surveys and discuss the problems faced when developing genomic reference conditions for M-gAMBI. The findings are of paramount importance for managers, since any new method or modification of an existing assessment method, needs to demonstrate that the results obtained when assessing the status are similar to those morphological-based methods, already approved and intercalibrated.
Aylagas, E., Á. Borja, N. Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, 2014. Environmental Status Assessment Using DNA Metabarcoding: Towards a Genetics Based Marine Biotic Index (gAMBI). PLoS ONE, 9: e90529.
Aylagas, E., Á. Borja, I. Muxika, N. Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, 2018. Adapting metabarcoding-based benthic biomonitoring into routine marine ecological status assessment networks. Ecological Indicators, 95: 194-202.
Borja, A., G. Chust, I. Muxika, 2019. Chapter Three - Forever young: The successful story of a marine biotic index. Advances in Marine Biology, 82: 93-127.
European Commission, 2018. Commission Decision (EU) 2018/229 of 12 February 2018 establishing, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the values of the Member State monitoring system classifications as a result of the intercalibration exercise and repealing Commission Decision 2013/480/EU. Official Journal of the European Communities, L47: 1-91.