bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of income fluctuations on undernutrition and overnutrition across the lifecycle
Authors: Kosec Katrina , Song Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study uses individual level data from a 13‐year, nationally representative rotating panel survey of Kyrgyzstan to estimate the effects of fluctuations in predicted income on health and nutrition outcomes from early childhood to adulthood. We consider impacts on both undernutrition and overnutrition side‐by‐side, and carefully consider the mechanisms at work. We address the endogeneity of income following Bartik (1991): We construct a measure of predicted income, obtained using the household's initial period share of income from different sources and aggregate national growth rates over time in each source. We find that young children (under age 5) exposed to reductions in predicted income experienced reductions in important measures of health and nutrition: weight, weight‐for‐age Z‐scores, and weight‐for‐height Z‐scores. We further identify reductions in both weight and height among older children (aged 5–18). Declines in child health and nutrition are most pronounced among households most dependent on agriculture and those living in rural areas. Reduced consumption of healthy foods and reduced parental time spent with children may help explain the results. A channel possibly offsetting negative impacts is increased use of contraceptives. At the same time, older children and adults experienced decreases in body mass index and—for adults—decreases in the incidence of overweight and obesity, suggesting selective health benefits for some groups.
Financial and social impacts of drug price changes: Evidence from 2017 healthcare reform in Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Gu Fulai , Liu Xiaobing , Qi Lian , Xu Xiaowei , Zeng Zheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHealthcare reform was launched in China in 2017 to reduce the financial burden on both patients and the government by terminating the 15% markup on drug prices at public hospitals. To evaluate this reform's impacts, we conduct a quantitative study based on the operational data from one of the top 10 hospitals in Liaoning, China. Specifically, we utilize log‐linear and logistic regression models to examine the policy's impacts on patients' total healthcare expenditures and the hospital's adjustments of its offering list that consists of western medicine (WM), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and non‐medicine (NM). We find that the reform effectively alters the patients' spending structure and the hospital's profit model: (1) it decreases patients' average per‐visit expenditure on WM and TCM while increases their average NM expenditure; (2) it differently affects patients from various socioeconomic groups and leaves space to target on groups that may demand extra financial and healthcare assistance; (3) it slows down the hospital's revenue increase and incentivizes the hospital to shift the WM revenue from margin‐driven to volume‐driven and to weigh more on NM revenue and (4) it encourages the hospital to keep WMs with steady price and drop WMs whose price keeps rising.
Characteristics, stage at presentation, and status of women with cervical cancer at a major referral center in western Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Randa Magdalene , Shauri Alice , Serem Davis , Stephen Ndei Ian , Kipkoech Kevin , Ganda Gregory 
Published: July 2021

SynopsisThe majority of women (69.4%) referred to a regional hospital in Western Kenya for cervical cancer had late‐stage disease. Access to radiation was low and loss to follow‐up was high.
Preoperative planning for jugular‐foramen tumors: Preparation of a three‐dimensional surgical drawing
Authors: Yang Zhirong , Zhang Wenchuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe goal of the article shows a new technique to provide three‐dimensional (3D) atlas to be used for a preoperative planning for safe resection of jugular‐foramen tumor. A surgical‐planning drawing was created based on the test results to provide precise guidance to neurosurgeons. Using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans of the head as guide images, we generated a 3D surgical atlas. We first read the MRI and CT data into Mimics 10.0 (Materialize, Leuven, Belgium) and matched the orientation of the imaging with the actual head position. Anatomical structures captured on the scans were segmented into target areas, and then reconstructed using segmentation and model‐building tools. All 3D models were imported into 3ds Max11.0 (Autodesk, Inc., The United States) to generate a surgical atlas. We used the 3D atlas for surgical simulation to identify the optimal surgical approach, and then prepared a surgical drawing for surgery. The atlas was created using scans of one patient. We generated a 3D digital atlas of anatomical structures of the jugular‐foramen region for visualization, manipulation, and interaction in a virtual 3D environment and prepared a surgical drawing for jugular‐foramen tumors. The 3D atlas contained MRI information. In 3D atlas, a mouse can be used to actively interact with the model by manipulating viewer orientation, changing model transparency, matching 2D image with 3D reconstructions, removing or adding structures sequentially to show complex anatomical pathways or relationships. The atlas could be subjected to surgical simulation. We create a 3D atlas and surgical planning drawing of a jugular foramen tumor. The 3D surgical‐planning atlas may provide precise guidance for surgical operations.
Uncertainty and monetary policy in good and bad times: A replication of the vector autoregressive investigation by Bloom (2009)
Authors: Caggiano Giovanni , Castelnuovo Efrem , Nodari Gabriela 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper revisits the well‐known vector autoregressive (VAR) evidence on the real effects of uncertainty shocks by Bloom (2009, https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA6248). We replicate the results in a narrow sense using EViews. In a wide sense, we extend his study by working with a smooth transition VAR framework that allows for business cycle‐dependent macroeconomic responses to an uncertainty shock. We find a significantly stronger response of real activity in recessions. Counterfactual simulations point to a greater effectiveness of systematic monetary policy in stabilizing real activity in expansions.
Promoting an integrating recovery style: A mentalization‐informed approach
Authors: Ridenour Jeremy M. , Knauss Daniel , Neal David W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHow a person recovers after a psychotic episode is known to be a key predictor of treatment response, impacting a person's sense of self and interpersonal relationships. An integrating recovery style, characterized by more curiosity about the psychotic episode and its potential meaning, has been shown to produce better outcomes. A novel therapeutic treatment, mentalization‐based therapy for psychosis, targets the potential mechanisms (i.e., curiosity about mental states, affect modulation, and interpersonal awareness) that might foster an integrating recovery style, enabling a person to make meaning of their episode and use others to facilitate exploration. In this case study, we present the treatment of an emerging adult who sought residential treatment following her first psychotic episode and who initially presented with a guarded, dismissive approach to her symptoms and gradually formed a more integrating recovery style.
Knowledge and perceptions of the genetic counseling profession among a national cross‐sectional sample of U.S. adults
Authors: Pasca Christina , Carroll Riley , Cragun Ryan T. , Cragun Deborah L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAwareness of the genetic counseling (GC) profession may influence access to genetic services, yet awareness among the U.S. population is unknown. A survey of U.S. adults was conducted using age‐ and sex‐based quotas. Participants were asked if they had heard of the GC profession and to describe what genetic counselors (GCs) do. After reading a brief description of what GCs do, participants were asked the likelihood they would request to see a genetic counselor if they were concerned about a genetic condition. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the population, logistic regression to determine factors related to awareness of the GC profession, and ordinary least squares regression to identify which factors correlated with likelihood of seeking GC services. Thematic analysis was used to code open‐ended responses. Among the final sample of 543, the majority were White individuals (79.7%) with an average age of 46.5 and median income between $60,000 and $69,999. Although 20% indicated they had heard of the GC profession, further analysis of the qualitative follow‐up question suggested only 13.4% understood the role of GCs (CI 10.6%–16.3%). Factors positively and significantly correlated with knowledge of the GC profession included identifying as White or female and having higher educational attainment or higher science knowledge after controlling for income, age, and political views. Approximately 45% of respondents indicated they would likely or very likely seek GC if concerned about a genetic condition. Biological sex, age, religious affiliation, science knowledge, and awareness of the GC profession were significantly correlated with likelihood of seeking GC services while controlling for race, income, educational attainment, and political views. Curiosity/interest, the perception of benefits, and trust in GCs were all major themes that emerged to explain reasons for seeking an appointment with GCs. Lack of awareness, lack of perceived benefit, and lack of trust in GCs or greater trust in other healthcare providers were reasons for not wanting a GC appointment. Despite the 50‐year existence of the GC profession, awareness remains low and negative attitudes exist.
Global exposure of population and land‐use to meteorological droughts under different warming levels and SSPs: A CORDEX‐based study
Authors: Spinoni Jonathan , Barbosa Paulo , Bucchignani Edoardo , Cassano John , Cavazos Tereza , Cescatti Alessandro , Christensen Jens H. , Christensen Ole B. , Coppola Erika , Evans Jason P. , Forzieri Giovanni , Geyer Beate , Giorgi Filippo , Jacob Daniela , Katzfey Jack , Koenigk Torben , Laprise René , Lennard Christopher J. , Kurnaz M. Levent , Li Delei , Llopart Marta , McCormick Niall , Naumann Gustavo , Nikulin Grigory , Ozturk Tugba , Panitz Hans‐Jürgen , da Rocha Rosmeri Porfirio , Solman Silvina A. , Syktus Jozef , Tangang Fredolin , Teichmann Claas , Vautard Robert , Vogt Jürgen V. , Winger Katja , Zittis George , Dosio Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlobal warming is likely to cause a progressive drought increase in some regions, but how population and natural resources will be affected is still underexplored. This study focuses on global population, forests, croplands and pastures exposure to meteorological drought hazard in the 21st century, expressed as frequency and severity of drought events. As input, we use a large ensemble of climate simulations from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), population projections from the NASA‐SEDAC dataset and land‐use projections from the Land‐Use Harmonization 2 project for 1981–2100. The exposure to drought hazard is presented for five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1‐SSP5) at four Global Warming Levels (GWLs: 1.5°C to 4°C). Results show that considering only Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI; based on precipitation), the SSP3 at GWL4 projects the largest fraction of the global population (14%) to experience an increase in drought frequency and severity (versus 1981–2010), with this value increasing to 60% if temperature is considered (indirectly included in the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index, SPEI). With SPEI, considering the highest GWL for each SSP, 8 (for SSP2, SSP4, SSP5) and 11 (SSP3) billion people, that is, more than 90%, will be affected by at least one unprecedented drought. For SSP5 at GWL4, approximately 2 × 106 km2 of forests and croplands (respectively, 6% and 11%) and 1.5 × 106 km2 of pastures (19%) will be exposed to increased drought frequency and severity according to SPI, but for SPEI this extent will rise to 17 × 106 km2 of forests (49%), 6 × 106 km2 of pastures (78%) and 12 × 106 km2 of croplands (67%), being mid‐latitudes the most affected. The projected likely increase of drought frequency and severity significantly increases population and land‐use exposure to drought, even at low GWLs, thus extensive mitigation and adaptation efforts are needed to avoid the most severe impacts of climate change.
Spatially Explicit Assessment of Sandhill Crane Exposure to Potential Transmission Line Collision Risk
Authors: Hays Quentin R. , Tredennick Andrew T. , Carlisle Jason D. , Collins Daniel P. , Carleton Scott A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTInfrastructure development can affect avian populations through direct collision mortality. Estimating the exposure of local bird populations to the risk of direct mortality from infrastructure development requires site‐ and species‐specific data, which managers may find difficult to obtain at the scale over which management decisions are made. We quantify the potential exposure of sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) to collision with horizontal structures (e.g., transmission lines) within vital wintering grounds of the Middle Rio Grande Valley (MRGV), New Mexico, USA, 2014–2020. Limited maneuverability and visual acuity make sandhill cranes vulnerable to collisions with infrastructure bisecting their flight paths. We used data from 81 global positioning system (GPS)‐tagged cranes to estimate the spatially explicit flight height distribution along the MRGV, the passage rate across hypothetical transmission lines, and the resulting exposure rate (exposed passes/crane/day). The exposure rate ranged from 0–0.28 exposed passes/crane/day (median = 0.015) assuming an exposure zone of 7–60 m above ground level, and identified hotspots of potential exposure within the MRGV. Mapped exposure rates can assist in the siting of proposed high‐voltage transmission lines, or other infrastructure, to limit effects on sandhill cranes and other avian species at risk of collision. Our approach can be replicated and applied in similar situations where birds are exposed to possible collision with power lines. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Expansion of the mutational spectrum of BMPER leading to diaphanospondylodysostosis and description of the associated disease process
Authors: Braun Frederik , Gangfuß Andrea , Stöbe Petra , Haack Tobias B. , Schweiger Bernd , Roos Andreas , Schara Ulrike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiaphanospondylodysostosis (DSD) is a rare congenital, lethal skeletal disorder caused by recessively inherited mutations in the BMPER gene, which encodes the bone morphogenetic protein‐binding endothelial cell precursor‐derived regulator. The most prominent features of DSD are missing ossification of the axial skeleton, rib abnormalities and thoracic hypoplasia/insufficiency, as well as intralobar nephrogenic rests within the kidneys.MethodsWe report on the case of a 22‐month‐old patient with DSD where trio‐exome sequencing was performed.ResultsGenetic testing revealed a homozygous nonsense variant c.1577G>A (p.Trp526*) in the BMPER gene, leading to a premature stop in protein translation. Both parents are asymptomatic carriers for the BMPER variant, which has not been described in the literature before.ConclusionsOur findings expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of BMPER variants leading to DSD.
Technical Note: Scanner dependence of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction with 3D noise power spectrum central frequency and noise magnitude ratios
Authors: Hasegawa Akira , Ishihara Toshihiro , Allan Thomas Matthew , Pan Tinsu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeIn this study, the noise reduction properties of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) on two different CT scanners of 64 and 256‐slice were compared and their differences were assessed.Methods and materialsThe homogeneous module of the ACR CT phantom was scanned on the 64 and 256 slices CT scanners from the same vendor in the range of 15–40 mA. On each scanner, the data were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and at all strengths of IR with the STANDARD kernel. For each reconstruction, a 3D noise power spectrum (NPS) was calculated and the central frequency ratio in the xy plane (CFRxy), CFR in the z‐direction (CFRz), and noise magnitude ratio (NMR) were derived. CFR is the central frequency ratio of NPS between the denoised image and the FBP image, and NMR is the ratio of the areas under the NPS curves. Ideally, both CFRxy and CFRz should be near 1, indicating minimal texture changes in both xy and z directions, while NMR should be as close to 0 as possible, indicating more noise reduction.ResultsWhen comparing strengths with equivalent impact on noise texture, IR on the 64‐slice reduced the noise magnitude in the xy plane more than that on the 256‐slice. In the z‐direction, the IR on the 256‐slice produced a central frequency shift on the 256‐slice but not on the 64‐slice. In addition, the noise reduction effects of the IR on the 256‐slice were affected when radiation exposure was below 2.0 mGy, but there was no observable dose‐dependence on the 64‐slice.ConclusionsOur noise property analysis revealed that iterative reconstructions on different scanner platforms from the same vendor can be distinct, with unique effects on the noise texture and magnitude in CT images. The IR on a 64‐slice scanner provides slightly enhanced noise reduction and maintains a noise reduction rate independent of dose, unlike the one on a 256‐slice scanner. Notably, the IR on the 64‐slice scanner was a 2D noise reduction technique (NRT), while the one on the 256‐slice was a 3D NRT. These observations showcase the impact of different NRTs on clinical CT images, even when comparing the same NRT on different scanners.
Nurses' experiences of psychosocial care needs of children with thalassaemia and their families in Jordan: A phenomenological study
Authors: Abu Shosha Ghada Mohammad , Al‐Kalaldeh Mahmoud , Shoqirat Noordeen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of Jordanian nurses regarding the psychosocial care needs of children with thalassaemia and their families.DesignA descriptive phenomenological approach was employed.MethodsA purposive sampling strategy was used to select 10 nurses who had experience in caring for children with thalassaemia. Unstructured, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted. Coliazzi's data analysis process was applied.ResultsThe analysis revealed three major themes: (1) valuing psychosocial support; (2) caring for paediatric patients needs certain competencies in nurses and (3) barriers to providing psychosocial care. Nurses expressed the importance of providing psychosocial care. A lack of specialists in psychosocial care as well as a lack of screening tools, and entertainment facilities for children was identified to be impeding effective psychosocial care. Implementing training programmes for nurses concerning providing psychosocial care and making the appropriate changes in nursing curricula at the educational level are recommended.
Error estimate of a finite element method for an optimal control problem with corner singularity using the stress intensity factor
Authors: Kim Seokchan , Lee Hyung‐Chun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider an optimal control problem for the Poisson equation on a non‐convex polygonal domain with the corner singularity. Previously, we proposed a novel algorithm for the accurate numerical solution for the Poisson equation on a polygonal domain with the domain singularity. Then, we investigated the error estimate and its efficient procedure for the numerical algorithm. In this article, we propose an efficient algorithm and perform an error estimate for a distributed optimal control problem of the Poisson equation. The solutions of the optimality system with such singularity have singular decompositions: regular part plus singular part for each state variable and adjoint variable. The coefficient of the singular function is usually called stress intensity factor and can be computed by the extraction formula. We introduced a modified optimality system which has “zero” stress intensity factors using this stress intensity factor, from whose solutions we can compute very accurate solution of the original optimality system simply by adding a singular part. We give a precise error analysis and provide numerical results which justify the results therein.
First-In-Human, First-In-Class, Phase I Trial of the Fucosylation Inhibitor SGN-2FF in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Do Khanh T. , Chow Laura Quan Man , Reckamp Karen , Sanborn Rachel E. , Burris Howard , Robert Francisco , Camidge D. Ross , Steuer Conor E. , Strickler John H. , Weise Amy , Specht Jennifer M. , Gutierrez Martin , Haughney Peter , Hengel Shawna , Derleth Christina Louise , Yap Timothy A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned

Background
We conducted a first-in-human, first-in-class, phase I study of SGN-2FF, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of glycoprotein fucosylation, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
The study consisted of four parts: SGN-2FF monotherapy dose-escalation (part A) and expansion (part B), and SGN-2FF + pembrolizumab dose-escalation (part C) and expansion (part D). The objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity of SGN-2FF monotherapy and SGN-2FF + pembrolizumab.

Results
Forty-six patients were enrolled (part A, n = 33; part B, n = 6; part C, n = 7; part D did not enroll any patients). During part A (n = 32) exploring 1–15 g once daily (QD) and 2–5 g twice daily (b.i.d.), grade 3 dose-limiting toxicities were diarrhea (2 g and 15 g QD) and increased lipase (2 g QD). The MTD was 10 g daily. In part A, common toxicities were grades 1–2 diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea (each 47%); thromboembolic events (grades 2–5) occurred in 5 of 32 patients (16%). Safety measures included concurrent prophylactic anticoagulation with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In part C, despite the safety measures implemented, a thromboembolic event occurred in one of seven patients (14%) during the SGN-2FF lead-in period. Of 28 evaluable patients in part A, 1 patient with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma achieved Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 complete response (CR) and 10 (36%) had RECIST v1.1 stable disease, including 1 patient with advanced triple-negative breast cancer with 51% tumor burden reduction. SGN-2FF administration led to dose-proportional increases in exposure and PD reduction in protein fucosylation.

Conclusion
SGN-2FF demonstrated proof-of-mechanism and preliminary antitumor activity but was associated with thromboembolic events leading to study termination.