bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of spatio-temporal changes in forest biomass in China
Authors: Xu Weiyi , Jin Xiaobin , Liu Jing , Yang Xuhong , Ren Jie , Zhou Yinkang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForests play a central role in the global carbon cycle. China's forests have a high carbon sequestration potential owing to their wide distribution, young age and relatively low carbon density. Forest biomass is an essential variable for assessing carbon sequestration capacity, thus determining the spatio-temporal changes of forest biomass is critical to the national carbon budget and to contribute to sustainable forest management. Based on Chinese forest inventory data (1999–2013), this study explored spatial patterns of forest biomass at a grid resolution of 1 km by applying a downscaling method and further analyzed spatio-temporal changes of biomass at different spatial scales. The main findings are: (1) the regression relationship between forest biomass and the associated influencing factors at a provincial scale can be applied to estimate biomass at a pixel scale by employing a downscaling method; (2) forest biomass had a distinct spatial pattern with the greatest biomass occurring in the major mountain ranges; (3) forest biomass changes had a notable spatial distribution pattern; increase (i.e., carbon sinks) occurred in east and southeast China, decreases (i.e., carbon sources) were observed in the northeast to southwest, with the largest biomass losses in the Hengduan Mountains, Southern Hainan and Northern Da Hinggan Mountains; and, (4) forest vegetation functioned as a carbon sink during 1999–2013 with a net increase in biomass of 3.71 Pg.
Efficacy and Drawbacks of Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass After Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Tertiary Referral Bariatric Center
Authors: Liagre Arnaud , Martini Francesco , Anduze Yves , Boudrie Hubert , Van Haverbeke Olivier , Valabrega Stefano , Kassir Radwan , Debs Tarek , Petrucciani Niccolò 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The need for revisional procedures after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) for insufficient weight loss or weight regain, gastroesophageal reflux, or other complications is reported to be 18–36% in studies with 10-year follow-up. Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass (SADI) may be performed as a revisional procedure after SG. This study aims to evaluate the short- and mid-term outcomes of SADI after SG in a referral center for bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods
Data of patients who underwent SADI between March 2015 and March 2020 were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up comprised clinical and biochemical assessment at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively, and once a year thereafter.

Results
Overall, 106 patients underwent SADI after a previous SG. The timeframe between SG and SADI was 50 ± 31.3 months. Postoperative mortality was observed in two cases (1.8%) and morbidity in 15.1% of patients. At 24 months, %total weight loss was 37.6 ± 12.3 and %excess weight loss 76.9 ± 25.2 (64 patients). Three patients were treated for malnutrition during follow-up, two with medical treatment and one with SADI reversal.

Conclusion
SADI after SG provides effective weight loss results in the short-term, even if in the present series the postoperative complication rate was non-negligible. Further trials are needed to establish the more advantageous revisional bariatric procedure after failed SG.
The Emerging Circadian Phenotype of Borderline Personality Disorder: Mechanisms, Opportunities and Future Directions
Authors: McGowan Niall M. , Saunders Kate E. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review the recent evidence suggesting that circadian rhythm disturbance is a common unaddressed feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD); amelioration of which may confer substantial clinical benefit. We assess chronobiological BPD studies from a mechanistic and translational perspective and highlight opportunities for the future development of this hypothesis.

Recent Findings
The emerging circadian phenotype of BPD is characterised by a preponderance of comorbid circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, phase delayed and misaligned rest-activity patterns and attenuated amplitudes of usually well-characterised circadian rhythms. Such disturbances may exacerbate symptom severity, and specific maladaptive personality dimensions may produce a liability towards extremes in chronotype. Pilot studies suggest intervention may be beneficial, but development is limited.

Summary
Endogenous and exogenous circadian rhythm disturbances appear to be common in BPD. The interface between psychiatry and chronobiology has led previously to novel efficacious strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We believe that better characterisation of the circadian phenotype in BPD will lead to a directed biological target for treatment in a condition where there is a regrettable paucity of accessible therapies.
Validity and reliability of the German versions of the CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC-2
Authors: Wollny Anna Irena , Jacobs Ingo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is an established instrument to assess trait resilience. The present study investigates the psychometric properties of the brief German CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC-2 in an online sample of 360 students. The CD-RISC-10 showed good reliability, whereas the CD-RISC-2 just missed an acceptable level of reliability. The unifactorial structure of the CD-RISC-10 was supported in a confirmatory factor analysis. Correlational analysis with various clinical and non-clinical constructs (e.g., trait resilience, trait emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, well-being, perceived stress, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and mental and physical health related quality of life) provided evidence for convergent, divergent, and incremental validity of both brief versions of the CD-RISC. Measured with the CD-RISC-10, trait resilience buffered the effects of perceived stress on life satisfaction and aggregated mental health problems, but not on physical health related quality of life. For the CD-RISC-2, a buffer effect was only found for life satisfaction. Taken together, the results of the present study provide support for the validity of the CD-RISC-10 and, to a lesser extent, of the CD-RISC-2. Implications and limitations of the results will be discussed.
Immune-related biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Juan , Tian Qi , Zhang Mi , Wang Hui , Wu Lei , Yang Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is a commonly diagnosed female cancer in the world. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most dangerous and biologically aggressive subtype in breast cancer which has a high mortality, high rates of relapse and poor prognosis, representing approximately 15–20% of breast cancers. TNBC has unique and special biological molecular characteristics and higher immunogenicity than other breast cancer types. On the basis of molecular features, TNBC is divided into different subtypes and gets various treatments. Especially, immunotherapy becomes a promising and effective treatment to TNBC. However, not all of the TNBC patients are sensitive to immunotherapy, the need of selecting the patients suitable for immunotherapy is imperative. In this review, we discussed recent discoveries about the immune-related factors of TNBC, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed death-ligand protein-1 (PD-L1), immune gene signatures, some other emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy effectivity and promising biomarkers for immunotherapy resistance. In addition, we summarized the features of these biomarkers contributing to predict the prognosis and effect of immunotherapy. We hope we can provide some helps or evidences to clinical immunotherapy and combined treatment for TNBC patients.
How political philosophies can help to discuss and differentiate theories in community ecology
Authors: Voigt Annette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper uses structural analogies to competing political philosophies of human society as a heuristic tool to differentiate between ecological theories and to bring out new aspects of apparently well-known classics of ecological scholarship. These two different areas of knowledge have in common that their objects are ‘societies’, i.e. units composed of individuals, and that contradictory and competing theories about these supra-individual units exist. The benefit of discussing ecological theories in terms of their analogies to political philosophies, in this case liberalism, democratism and conservatism, consists in the fact that political philosophies show clear differences and particularities as regards their approach to the concepts of individuality and intentional action. The method therefore helps to expose peculiarities of ecological theories that are usually considered canonical (e.g. Clements, Gleason), as well as hybrid forms (E. P. Odum), and to differentiate between two different types of theories about functional wholes. The basis of this method is the constitutional-theoretical premise that modern paradigms of socialization structure the ecological discourse.
Strain-Insensitive Hierarchically Structured Stretchable Microstrip Antennas for Robust Wireless Communication
Authors: Zhu Jia , Zhang Senhao , Yi Ning , Song Chaoyun , Qiu Donghai , Hu Zhihui , Li Bowen , Xing Chenghao , Yang Hongbo , Wang Qing , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs the key component of wireless data transmission and powering, stretchable antennas play an indispensable role in flexible/stretchable electronics. However, they often suffer from frequency detuning upon mechanical deformations; thus, their applications are limited to wireless sensing with wireless transmission capabilities remaining elusive. Here, a hierarchically structured stretchable microstrip antenna with meshed patterns arranged in an arched shape showcases tunable resonance frequency upon deformations with improved overall stretchability. The almost unchanged resonance frequency during deformations enables robust on-body wireless communication and RF energy harvesting, whereas the rapid changing resonance frequency with deformations allows for wireless sensing. The proposed stretchable microstrip antenna was demonstrated to communicate wirelessly with a transmitter (input power of − 3 dBm) efficiently (i.e., the receiving power higher than − 100 dBm over a distance of 100 m) on human bodies even upon 25% stretching. The flexibility in structural engineering combined with the coupled mechanical–electromagnetic simulations, provides a versatile engineering toolkit to design stretchable microstrip antennas and other potential wireless devices for stretchable electronics.
Notes toward a Postsecular History of Modern British Secularization
Authors: Brewitt-Taylor Sam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article argues that British historiography's secularization debate is largely misconceived, being enmeshed in secular ideological assumptions inherited from the West's secular revolution of the 1960s. It therefore introduces an alternative, postsecular paradigm for understanding British secularization, which conceptualizessecularityas an ideological culture in its own right,religionas secularity's othering category, andsecularizationas the positive dissemination and enactment of secularity. British Christianity declined gradually from around 1900, but widespread secularization in this positive sense could only happen once British public discussion had embraced secularity's ideological framework, which it did in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Before the mid-1950s, British discussion had routinely adhered to a “Christian civilization” metanarrative, which insisted that “religion” is essential to long-term social stability, such that “secularization” is a regrettable stepbackwardin human development. Yet in the late 1950s and early 1960s British discussion abruptly embraced secularity's rival metanarrative, which states that “religion” is a primordial condition unnecessary in “advanced” societies, such that “secularization” is an irreversible stepforwardin human development. This conceptual revolution was contingent, culturally specific, and importantly influenced by radical rereadings of Christian eschatology. Nonetheless, it created both the secular revolution of the 1960s, and the ideological framework within which the British secularization debate continues to be conducted today.
Observational Signal of the Interaction Between Mountain–Plain Wind and Urban Breeze Under Weak Synoptic Systems
Authors: Yu Bu , Zhu Bin , Miao Shiguang , Kang Hanqing , He Xiaodong , Liu Hongnian , Liang Zhuoran , Chen Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractValley winds and urban breezes induced by thermal circulation have been the subject of numerous studies; however, their interactions deserve further observational study under different geographical conditions globally. We propose quantitative criteria for analysis of observations, including identification of valley and mountain–plain wind episodes, determination of the direction and duration of valley winds, and exclusion of suspect cases induced by strong synoptic systems. We selected a subset of 345 valley wind days that occurred during 2013–2015 in Hangzhou, China. Valley winds in the study area occur mainly in autumn and early winter (annual frequency: 32%). To the west (east) of the urban center of Hangzhou are small mountains (is a plain). At night, the directions of mountain–plain circulation and urban thermal circulation are consistent in the region from the mountains to western parts of the city, resulting in a strengthened mountain wind at the surface. Their interaction also delays the reversal of the mountain wind to the plain wind in the morning, and slightly advances the reversal of the plain wind to the mountain wind in the evening. Conversely, in the plain area to the east of Hangzhou, the interaction delays the time of reversal of the plain wind to the mountain wind in the evening. Our results indicate that interactions between the urban breeze and local thermal circulations could have distinct impact on the environment of the city and surrounding areas, and thus they should be taken into consideration in relation to urban planning and management.
Stratospheric Impacts of Continuing CFC‐11 Emissions Simulated in a Chemistry‐Climate Model
Authors: Fleming Eric L. , Liang Qing , Oman Luke D. , Newman Paul A. , Li Feng , Hurwitz Margaret M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrichlorofluoromethane (CFC‐11, CFCl3) is a major anthropogenic ozone‐depleting substance and greenhouse gas, and its production and consumption are controlled under the Montreal Protocol. However, recent studies show that CFC‐11 emissions increased during 2014–2017 relative to 2008–2012. In this study, we use a chemistry‐climate model to investigate the stratospheric impacts of potential CFC‐11 emissions continuing into the future. As a sensitivity test, we use a high CFC‐11 scenario in which the inferred 2013–2016 average emissions of 72.5 Gg/yr is sustained to year 2100. This increases equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine by 15% in 2100, relative to the WMO (2018) baseline scenario in which future emissions decay with a bank release rate of 6.4%/year. Consistent with recent studies, the resulting ozone response has a linear dependence on the accumulated CFC‐11 emissions, yielding global and Antarctic spring total ozone sensitivity per 1,000 Gg of −0.37 and −3.9 DU, respectively, averaged over 2017–2100. The deepened ozone hole reduces UV heating, causing a colder Antarctic lower stratosphere in spring/early summer. Through thermal wind balance, this accelerates the circumpolar jet which in turn alters planetary and gravity wave propagation through the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere, and modifies the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Age of air in the high scenario is slightly younger than the baseline in the lower stratosphere globally during 2090–2099, with a maximum change of −0.1 years. Coupled atmosphere‐ocean model simulations show that the resulting greenhouse gas impact of CFC‐11 is small and not statistically significant throughout the troposphere and stratosphere.
Spatial Scaling of Gross Primary Productivity Over Sixteen Mountainous Watersheds Using Vegetation Heterogeneity and Surface Topography
Authors: Xie Xinyao , Chen Jing M. , Gong Peng , Li Ainong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLand surface models intended for large‐scale applications are often executed at coarse resolutions, and the sub‐grid heterogeneity is usually ignored. Here, a spatial scaling algorithm that integrates the information of vegetation heterogeneity (land cover type and leaf area index) and surface topography (elevation, slope, relative azimuth (Raz) between the sun and the slope background, sky‐view factor, and topographic wetness index), was proposed to correct errors in gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates at a coarse spatial resolution. An eco‐hydrological model named BEPS‐TerrainLab was used to simulate GPP at 30 and 480 m resolutions for 16 mountainous watersheds selected globally. Results showed that an obvious improvement on GPP estimates at 480 m resolution was achieved after the correction in comparison with GPP modeled at 30 m resolution, with the determination coefficient increased by 0.38 and mean bias error reduced by 203gCm−2 yr−1. The combination of all the seven factors made the largest improvement for GPP estimation at 480 m resolution, suggesting that a larger improvement would be achieved when more factors of surface heterogeneity are considered. More specifically, our results indicated that five factors, including land cover type and leaf area index regarded as integrated outcomes of all the environmental conditions, Raz and sky‐view factor associated with radiation redistribution, and slope related to soil water redistribution, were especially important in the spatial scaling procedure. This study suggests that incorporating the information of surface heterogeneity into the spatial scaling algorithm is useful for improving coarse resolution GPP estimates over mountainous areas.
Tower‐Based Remote Sensing Reveals Mechanisms Behind a Two‐phased Spring Transition in a Mixed‐Species Boreal Forest
Authors: Pierrat Zoe , Nehemy Magali F. , Roy Alexandre , Magney Troy , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Laroque Colin , Pappas Christoforos , Sonnentag Oliver , Grossmann Katja , Bowling David R. , Seibt Ulli , Ramirez Alexandra , Johnson Bruce , Helgason Warren , Barr Alan , Stutz Jochen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe boreal forest is a major contributor to the global climate system, therefore, reducing uncertainties in how the forest will respond to a changing climate is critical. One source of uncertainty is the timing and drivers of the spring transition. Remote sensing can provide important information on this transition, but persistent foliage greenness, seasonal snow cover, and a high prevalence of mixed forest stands (both deciduous and evergreen species) complicate interpretation of these signals. We collected tower‐based remotely sensed data (reflectance‐based vegetation indices and Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence [SIF]), stem radius measurements, gross primary productivity, and environmental conditions in a boreal mixed forest stand. Evaluation of this data set shows a two‐phased spring transition. The first phase is the reactivation of photosynthesis and transpiration in evergreens, marked by an increase in relative SIF, and is triggered by thawed stems, warm air temperatures, and increased available soil moisture. The second phase is a reduction in bulk photoprotective pigments in evergreens, marked by an increase in the Chlorophyll‐Carotenoid Index. Deciduous leaf‐out occurs during this phase, marked by an increase in all remotely sensed metrics. The second phase is controlled by soil thaw. Our results demonstrate that remote sensing metrics can be used to detect specific physiological changes in boreal tree species during the spring transition. The two‐phased transition explains inconsistencies in remote sensing estimates of the timing and drivers of spring recovery. Our results imply that satellite‐based observations will improve by using a combination of vegetation indices and SIF, along with species distribution information.
Future Decreases in Thermospheric Neutral Density in Low Earth Orbit due to Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Brown M. K. , Lewis H. G. , Kavanagh A. J. , Cnossen I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing carbon dioxide causes cooling in the upper atmosphere and a secular decrease in atmospheric density over time. With the use of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X), neutral thermospheric densities up to 500 km have been modeled under increasing carbon dioxide concentrations. Only carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations are changed between simulations, and solar activity is held low at F10.7 = 70 throughout. Neutral density decreases through to the year 2100 have been modeled using four carbon dioxide emission scenarios produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The years 1975 and 2005 have also been simulated, which indicated a historic trend of −5.8% change in neutral density per decade. Decreases in the neutral density relative to the year 2000 have been given for increasing ground‐level carbon dioxide concentrations. WACCM‐X shows there has already been a 17% decrease in neutral densities at 400 km relative to the density in the year 2000. This becomes a 30% reduction at the 50:50 probability threshold of limiting warming to 1.5°C, as set out in the Paris Agreement. A simple orbital propagator has been used to show the impact the decrease in density has on the orbital lifetime of objects traveling through the thermosphere. If the 1.5°C target is met, objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) will have orbital lifetimes around 30% longer than comparable objects from the year 2000.
Laboratory Landquakes: Insights From Experiments Into the High‐Frequency Seismic Signal Generated by Geophysical Granular Flows
Authors: Arran M. I. , Mangeney A. , De Rosny J. , Farin M. , Toussaint R. , Roche O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeophysical granular flows exert basal forces that generate seismic signals, which can be used to better monitor and model these severe natural hazards. A number of empirical relations and existing models link these signals' high‐frequency components to a variety of flow properties, many of which are inaccessible by other analyses. However, the range of validity of the empirical relations remains unclear and the models lack validation, owing to the difficulty of adequately controlling and instrumenting field‐scale flows. Here, we present laboratory experiments investigating the normal forces exerted on a basal plate by dense and partially dense flows of spherical glass particles. We measured the power spectra of these forces and inferred predictions for these power spectra from the models for debris flows' seismic signals proposed by Kean et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064811), Lai et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077683), and Farin, Tsai, et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4677), using Hertz theory to extend Farin, Tsai, et al. (2019)'s models to higher frequencies. Comparison of our observations to these predictions, and to predictions derived from Bachelet (2018) and Bachelet et al. (2021)'s model for granular flows' seismic signals, shows those of Farin, Tsai, et al. (2019)'s “thin‐flow” model to be the most accurate, so we examine explanations for this accuracy and discuss its implications for geophysical flows' seismic signals. We also consider the normalization, by the mean force exerted by each flow, of the force's mean squared fluctuations, showing that this ratio varies by 4 orders of magnitude over our experiments, but is determined by the bulk inertial number of the flow.