bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Mixtures As An Element That Increases The Immunity Of Meadow Bluegrass To The Causative Agent Of Root Diseases Of Fusarium Etiology
Authors: Sviridova L L , Sevostyanov M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article considers the possibilities of using compiled soil samples in the cultivation of meadow Bluegrass with the compilation of load indicators in the form of root diseases of fusarium etiology. The considered preference for this culture is due to the component part of the lawn mixture, where, according to its characteristics, it plays an important role in the formation of a stable landscape composition in the form of a “podpushka”.
Optimization of a Pre-Sowing Treatment of Corn Seeds with Low-Frequency Pulse Electric Field to Improve the Germination and Development of Seedlings
Authors: Statsyuk N V , Vorobyev D A , Smetanina T I 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorn is one of the key forage crops in agriculture. However, corn production in Russia still remains behind of its demand, so the search and development of technologies allowing to improve its yield are very relevant. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds of corn and other crops with physical fields provides stimulation of the growth and development of plants, but its efficiency depends on some parameters including duration of such treatment. The laboratory evaluation of the effect of a pre-planting treatment of corn seeds with low-frequency pulse electric field for 1–9 h on their germination, average lengths of the coleoptile and radicle root, and the number of seminal roots made it possible to determine the optimum exposure time (4 h) providing a significant improvement of germination (+26.7% of the control) and increase in the coleoptile length (+21.2% of the control). The maximum negative effect was revealed for a 5-h exposure; it resulted in a significant reduction of the coleoptile and radicle root lengths (421.7 and 16.3% of the control, respectively), as well as the reduction of the average number of seminal roots (4.8% of the control).
Genetic Performance of Inbred and Hybrids of Maize Under Irrigation Interval
Authors: Abdulhamed Z , Abas S A , Noaman A H , Abood N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out using four inbred lines of maize BK112, Inb17, ZP607 and Zm6, as they were entered into half-diallel cross-breeding program in the fall season 2019, and 10 genotypes (6 crosses + 4 parents) were obtained according to the second Griffing method, the first model, in the spring season of 2020, the behavior of these inbreds and their hybrids were evaluated with three irrigation intervals with the aim of obtaining one or more distinct hybrids of pure strains derived from maize Zea mays L. under the irrigation interval and the study of hybrid vigor. The experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in Anbar Governorate, using the RCBD randomized complete block design (split – plot) with three replications. The irrigation interval (4, 8 and 12) days occupied the main plots, while the inbred and hybrids occupied the sub-plots. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of genotypes on the studied traits. The studied hybrids Zm6 × ZP607 were distinguished by their weight of 300 grains and the grain yield (85.83 g and 186.70 g) respectively. The plants grown under the irrigation interval 4 days outperformed the grain yield of the plant by giving it the highest yield of 156.03 g. It did not differ significantly with the 8-day irrigation interval, while the yield decreased significantly at the 12-day irrigation interval with a decrease of 120.8% and 120.5% than the 4 and 8 irrigation treatments, respectively. It was also found that the interaction was significant and reached the highest grain yield with an irrigation interval of 8 days, 224.0 g. The hybrid Zm6 × ZP607 gave the highest positive hybrid vigor for individual plant yield, which was 119.24%, 126.72% and 166.05% for the irrigation interval of 4, 8 and 12 days, respectively. Therefore, the plant breeder can use the characteristics of the yield components as selection guides with the superior hybrids in yield and the strength of the hybrid.
Effect of pipe type and Emitters discharge on performance criteria of surface drip irrigation system
Authors: AL-Dulaimi B A , AL-Mehmdy Sh M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Jazeerah Al-Ramadi/Al-Hamidiyah research station (latitude33^o 27^’ 〖 11.9 〗 ^(՚՚)N, longitude 43^o 23^’ ^(՚՚) E (duration 2020. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pipe types and emitters discharge on performance criteria of surface drip irrigation system. Therefore, a two factorial experiment was set as randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor included the type of pipes and emitters, namely Turbo, GR and T-Tape. While the second factor involved the emitters discharge which consist of two levels i.e., 4 (D4) and 8 (D8) L.h-1. The irrigation system was initially evaluated in the field before planting by testing three operating pressures (50, 100 and 150 Kpa) to determine the actual discharge of the emitters closed to their design discharge (4 and 8 L.h-1) for each emitter to calculate the manufacturing coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity and the discharge variation ratio at each operating pressure. Results showed that the best discharge (Closed to design discharge of 4 L.h-1) was obtained at the 50 Kpa operating pressure which gave 3.99,3.90 and 3.81 L.h-1 when using the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter compare when the discharge of 8L.h-1 has been used which gave 7.96, 7.84 and 7.59 L.h-1 when the former pipe and emitters were used. The best coefficient of variation was observed when the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter were used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 up to 0.1300, 0.2200 and 0.2600 compare to 0.1300, 0.2700 and 0.3500 when the same former pipe and emitters were used with discharge of 8L. h-1. Similarly, the best distribution uniformity was obtained when the T-Tape pipe and GR and Turbo emitter has been used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 which gave 94.68, 91.74 and 90%. Likewise, the most acceptable variety discharge ratio was observed when the same prior pipe and emitters were used with discharge of 4 L.h-1 by giving 7.23, 11.90 and 12.19 %.
The Aquatic Environment and Its Protection From Pollution (Marshes of Southern Iraq as a Model)
Authors: Karim I Y , Makki M M , Salman A H , Al-Jassani N A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The decrease of the marshes of southern Iraq represents a major problem as result of climatic changes and human conditions, especially the decrease in the water revenue of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which has resulted in the expansion of soil problems from waterlogging, desertification and salinity in the soil of the governorates of Basra, Maysan and Dhi Qar. Al-Hawizeh [11 billion m3 annually], and the decline of the marshes contributed to reducing the work of the Basra Paper Mill, which was previously working with about 168 tons of reed material, which had economic and social effects from 2002 to 2010 and now the marshes are fed with surface water, provided that this return The region with a wealth of fish and tourism represents the beating heart of Iraq.
Parents’ Performance and F1 Crosses For Several Bread Wheat Cultivars Under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Abdel-Moneam M A , Sultan M S , Dehaina E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Six bread wheat varieties representing different traits were crossed in a half-diallel in 2017/2018 season. The 6 parents and its 15 F1 crosses were evaluated under normal and N-stress conditions in 2018/2019 season, to study the mean performance and the combining ability for earliness and morpho-physiological traits and biomass yield of wheat under normal and N-stress conditions. Mean squares of genotypes, parents, crosses, and parents versus crosses were significant or highly significant for most of the studied traits and biological yield under both conditions, reflecting a sort of heterosis for these characters. Mean squares of GCA and SCA were significant or highly significant for most of the studied traits under both conditions, indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive types of genes in the genetic system controlling these traits. The best general combiners were P1 (Giza 168) and P2 (Sakha 94) at both conditions, P3 (Shandweel 1) at N-stress, and P4 (Gemmeiza 11) at normal condition for earliness and P6 (Misr 1) at both conditions and P5 (Sids 12) at N-stress and P3 (Shandweel 1) at normal condition for biomass yield plant-1. The best cross combinations were crosses No.3 (P1xP4), No.5 (P1xP6), No.6 (P2xP3), No.7 (P1xP2), No.8 (P2xP5) and No.11 (P3xP5) under N-stress for earliness; and crosses No.3 (P1xP4), No.7 (P2xP4), No.8 (P2xP5), No.12 (P3xP6), No.14 (P4xP6) and No.15 (P5xP6) at both conditions, and cross No.2 (P1xP3) under N-stress for biomass yield plant-1.
Three New Species of Convolvulus L. Records to The Flora of Western Desert, Iraq
Authors: Mousa M O , Alkubaisy S A , Abood N M , Shahatha S S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Three species belong to the genus Convolvulus L. from the Convolvulaceae family, new to Flora of Western Desert District were recorded. These species were Convolvulus cantabrica L., Convolvulus reticulatus Choisy and Convolvulus stachydifolius Choisy. Species were photographed, their taxonomical and ecological characters, as well as their geographical distribution in the Western Desert were demonstrated. Plant samples were collected, precisely identified, dried and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited at Anbar University Herbarium (AUH). Some notes on habitat, flowering and fruiting periods were provided. The means and reasons that helped these species to be distributed in new places within the Western Desert District of Iraq were realistically discussed, it was found that there was no sample of the three mentioned species that were collected from the Western Desert District at all.
Using of Temporal Variability for Monitoring Change of Vegetation via Remote Sensing in Anbar Province
Authors: Gharbi M A , Mukhlif H N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of spectral indicators and evidence based on remote sensing and the results of space data is one of the most important means of detecting changes in vegetation and land cover. Three space scenes were selected to assess vegetation changes in Anbar governorate, consisting of 33 satellite shots in different dates for the years 1999, 2009 and 2019, captured by the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 for the two sensors TM and OLI. Spectral data were used to calculate NDVI normal vegetative variation index values. The results showed that the area of barren land continued to increase by 24,809. 19 km2 by 11.47, 11.98 and 30.56% for 1999, 2009 and 2019 respectively and the area of dense vegetation decreased by 857.73 km2 by 0.30, 0.17 and 1.40% for the same years respectively.
Statistical Modelling of Drought Indicators and Evaporation/Transpiration and Their Impact on Determining the Erosion Ability of Winds in Iraq
Authors: Ali M F , Salman A H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Geographical studies are concerned with analyzing and interpreting its most important phenomena, especially those related to climate, which in one way or another affect the provision of harsh environmental conditions such as drought, desertification, and others, as well as being one of its prominent manifestations. As these studies are interested in one way or another in determining the mechanism of action in life, as they are interested in determining the various human activities, and in this research, the researchers were interested in adopting (10) Iraqi climatic stations to find and calculate the values of the phenomena referred to from drought, evaporation/transpiration, wind erosion and the strength of wind pressure in Iraq, using an applied quantitative-statistical method to determine the monthly and annual ranges of wind erosion for the period (1986-2018), and by applying the correlation, regression and determination coefficients. As well as cartographic representation using Excel techniques and geographic information systems (GIS).
Effect of Tillage Systems on the Growth and Productivity of Eight Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Ziydan B A , Al-Enzy A F , Almehemdi A F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Abu Ghraib region during the winter season of 2018-2019 in order to study the effect of plowing systems on the growth and productivity of eight cultivars of wheat crop in a silty clay loam, field land which was not sown in the previous season. Two tillage systems were used (no-tillage and tillage) to grow the wheat crop, moldboard plows and harrow (local made). The cultivars were (Wafia, Adena, Araz, Erratum, Pura, Spelta, Doru, and Cymto). Randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) was used in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that Adena predominated in plant height (87.77 cm), spike length (10.68 cm) tillers (4.695 tiller plant-1), whereas Cymto was superior in plant dry weight (80.00 g), thousand grains weight (54.80 g), grains yield per unit (5.535 Kg). Genetic material of Azar, Adena and Cymto cultivars was the best, as it was clearly manifested in the phenotypic components of wheat.
Response of Oats Cultivars to Spraying with Nano and Mineral Zinc and Potassium on Yield and its Components
Authors: Al-Rawi D S , Abood N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Al-Hamidhiya research station of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar, located within 43.39 longitude, 33.44 latitude and 53 m heights above sea level during Winter seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, with aim of studying the effect of levels of potassium fertilizer, nano and mineral zinc on the yield of three oat cultivars. The split-split-plot arrangement was used according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plots included potassium concentrations (0, 6000, 3000 nm, and 6000 nm) mg K l-1, while the subplot included zinc concentrations (0, 50 and 50 nm) mg Zn l-1, while the cultivars were in the sub-sub plots (Hamel, Carrolup and Genzania). The results of the study indicate that the varieties differed significantly in all studied traits. Genzania cultivar outperformed in terms of grain yield (6.25 and 6.19 ton ha-1) and biological yield (16.37 and 16.26 ton ha-1) the two seasons, respectively. In addition, spraying zinc on the plant had a positive role in improving the yield and its components, as the treatment 50 mg Zn L-1 gave grain yield of 6.24 and 6.06 tons’ ha-1 for both seasons respectively, adding potassium improved the components of the yield, which was reflected in the yield in which the treatment 6000 nm mg K L-1 was superior with seed yield of 7.05 and 6.84 ton ha-1 for the two seasons respectively. Also, the two-way interaction between the concentrations of potassium and zinc, potassium and cultivars, and zinc and cultivars had a significant effect on most of the studied traits. The three-way interaction between the study factors had a significant effect on the studied traits, which was evident in seed yield, as the combination (Genzania sprayed with 3000nm K + 50 mg Zn L-1) gave the highest grain yield of 8.30 for the first season, while the plants of the variety Hamel sprayed with 6000nm K + 50 mg Zn L-1 gave the highest grain yield of 7.440 ton ha-1 for the second season.
Effect of Short Term Management of Soil Organic Carbon Build up and Organic Residues Types on Some Soil Properties and Barleys Yield Under Saline Stress
Authors: Dwenee S J H , Falih A S , Alghrairi F O K , Hassan A F , Khudair S A , Farhan Y A , Mughir H Ch. , Kh Yas A , Bajai S M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out for three season 2017, 2018 and 2019 to investigate the role of some types of organic field residues (crop, tree and shrubs and orchard residues) in soil organic carbon built up and improving the soil fertility within conditions of salt stresses. Treatments were added based on their organic carbon content, to reach 1.0%, supplementing the organic carbon already present in the soil. The results showed that the percentage of loss in organic carbon differs according to the added organic residues. The percentage of the organic carbon remaining in the soil for season 2017 after harvest was 0.542%, 0.794%, 0.728% and 0.642% for control, crop residues, tree residues and shrubs and residues of orchards, respectively. In order to maintain the organic carbon ratio up to 1.0%, it was necessary to add organic residues in the following season 2018 in quantities of 0.742, 1.074 and 1.537 kg/m2, down from the initial addition in 2017 by 55.79%, 41.63% and 23.18%. In the 2019 season, the addition amounted to 0.537, 0.691 and 1.108 kg/m2, down from the initial addition in 2017 by 68.03%, 62.44% and 44.64% for the treatments, crop, tree and shrubs and orchard residues, respectively. The addition of orchard residue treatment showed a significant difference in the yield of straw and grains in all years of implementation of the experiment, at a rate of 18.67%, 7.38% and 11.22% in 2017, with a rate of 13.68%, 1.74% and 8.67% in 2018, at a rate of 17.11%, 3.44% And 6.59% in 2019 for control, tree and shrubs residues and crop residues, respectively. The addition of organic wastes improved the soil fertility for three years of study, as the salinity decreased by 16.65% and the total nitrogen, organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus increased by 22.91%, 42.36%, 33.01%, 30.86% and 32.95%, respectively.
Effect Variation in Agricultural System on Some Alluvial Soil Characteristics in Abu Ghraib Region - Iraq
Authors: Yaqub M T , Hassan M A , Aljaberi S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of the type of agricultural system as a result of exploitation on the characteristics of alluvial soil morphology, physically and chemically, as the study was carried out in the fields of College of Agriculture - Abu Ghraib, during which four agricultural systems were identified, namely, the Crop alfalfa, palms, Cereal, Cowpea as well as the land that is not exploited agricultural. After determining the sites of the examination, pedons were excavated for a representative of each type of agricultural system and their horizons were identified.. The results showed that there are differences in the morphological, chemical and physical properties of soils from one site to another, horizontally and from one horizon to another vertically, due to the effect of the different management method used in each agricultural system in terms of plowing and fertilization compared to soil that is not agricultural utilized.
Response of Strawberry CV. Festival to Culture Media and Foliar Application of Nano and Normal Micronutrients
Authors: Mahmood M M , Al-Dulaimy A F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was done in a greenhouse at the department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar for the growing season 2019-2020. It was designed to study the effect of the agricultural media and spraying with nano and normal zinc and iron on the traits of flowers and yield of Strawberry (CV. Festival) under the protective environment conditions. Three agricultural media were used for the first factor included: (River soil and Peat moss 3:1), (River soil and “50% Coantail + 50% Alfalfa” 3:1) and (River soil and poultry waste 3:1), presented with symbols (M1, M2, M3), respectively. The second factor consisted of spraying with zinc and iron nano and normal with the following concentrations (normal-Zn 50 mg L-1, nano-Zn 10 and 20 mg L-1, normal-Iron 150 mg L-1, and nano-iron 20 and 40 mg L-1) in addition to the control treatment (distilled water), mentioned as (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6), respectively. The results revealed that planting Strawberry in different media had a significant effect on flower traits and yield especially the media culture (M3) which presented the best results for the traits (number of flowers, percentage of flowers set, number of fruits, weight, length and diameter of fruit, and yield), which reached (34.4 flower plant-1, 77.5%, 28.4 fruit plant-1, 21.50 g, 4.28 cm, 3.37 cm and 628.1 g plant-1). On the other hand, the media culture (M3) caused a reduction in the percentage of the fruits malformation to a minimum value of (14.9%). Spraying with nano-zinc and iron and normal zinc and iron achieved significant effect, especially (S5), that gave the highest values for the traits ( number of flowers, percentage of flowers set, number of fruits, weight, length and diameter of fruit, and yield) which were (32.8 flower plant-1,76.5%, 25.6 fruit plant-1, 21.12 g, 4.20 cm, 3.42 cm, and 554.4 g plant-1) respectively. On the other hand, (S5) concentration caused a reduction in the percentage of the fruits malformation to a minimum value of (14.2%). The interaction between the two factors of the study in all of the responses studied. The treatment interaction (M3S5) gave the best results for traits (number of flowers, percentage of flowers set, percentage of the fruits malformation, number of fruits, weight and length of fruit, and yield), which reached (42.0 flower plant-1, 83.4%, 11.8%, 31.2 fruit plant-1, 25.58 g, 4.72 cm and 782.4 g plant-1), respectively. On the other hand, the treatment interaction (M2S4) showed the highest value of fruit diameter (3.84 cm).
Effect of Concentration and Period of Seed Soaking with Atonik on Some Quantitative Traits of Mung Bean
Authors: Al-Rawi A R M , Al-Ani M H I , Al-Falahi A M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out during spring season of 2016 and 2017 in the field of the Department of Field Crops - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar (Alternative Site – Abu Ghraib), to study the effect of concentration and Period of seed soaking with the Atonik growth regulator on the some quantitative traits of the mung bean (Al-Khadhrawi variety). Split plots arrangement according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) at three replications was used. The concentrations of soaking with Atonik (0, 2.5, 5- and 7.5-ml L-1) were the main plots, while the soaking period (0, 2, 4 and 6 hours) occupied the sub plots. The results showed that the seeds soaking with Atonik growth regulator at a 7.5 ml L-1recorded the highest plant height (54.05 and 47.10 cm), number of pods (15.83 and 11.58 pods plant-1) and number of seeds (10.81 and 8.48 seeds pod-1) for both seasons respectively, and number of branches (14.33 branch plant-1) in the first season only. The soaking period for 6 hours was significantly superior and gave the highest plant height (54.23 and 46.59 cm), number of branches (14.00 and 12.80 plant branch-1), number of pods (16.75 and 14.08 pod plant-1) and number of seeds (10.80 and 8.80 seed pod-1) for both seasons respectively. The interaction between concentrations of soaking at 7.5 ml L-1and soaking period for 6 hours had highest values for more the studied traits and both seasons. We can bw conclude that the quantitative characteristics of the mung It can be improved by using seed soaking treatment before planting with Atonik growth regulator.