bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Nanoparticles Shape Impacts on Thermal Energy Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluid Impingement Jets
Authors: Shirvani Behrang Asghari , Sodagar Javad , Eynijengheshlaghi Farshid , Arabkoohsar Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Today, energy transfer enhancement techniques have received much attention for design and manufacturing more efficient systems in various industries such as automotive, computers, electronics, and so forth. One way to achieve high-efficiency cooling systems is to use impingement jet cooling. In the present study, a numerical study has been conducted on nanofluid impingement jet in the vertical position to investigate the fluid flow characteristics and thermal energy transfer features. The working fluid in this study is a nanofluid with water–ethylene glycol mixture as base fluid and nanoparticles of boehmite alumina. The flow is considered to be laminar, steady-state, two-dimensional, symmetrically axial, for which the finite volume method is used to solve the equations. The effect of the Reynolds number variations, the volume fraction of nanoparticle, and different nanoparticle shapes (including spherical, plate, blade, cylindrical, and brick shapes) on thermophysical features of the flow are studied. The results reveal that the increasing Reynolds number and the increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles improves the thermal energy transfer rate. The highest Nusselt number leads to a maximum of energy transfer related to nanofluids with platelet and cylindrical nanoparticles, while the lowest thermal energy transfer rate is related to nanofluids containing spherical nanoparticles. Moreover, it is illustrated that nanofluids with platelets nanoparticles, because of their higher effective viscosity compares to other nanofluids, experience the highest pressure drop and those of with spherical nanoparticles show the lowest pressure drop.
An Approach to Bayesian Optimization for Design Feasibility Check on Discontinuous Black-Box Functions
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Hoyle Christopher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a novel approach to applying Bayesian Optimization (BO) in predicting an unknown constraint boundary, also representing the discontinuity of an unknown function, for a feasibility check on the design space, thereby representing a classification tool to discern between a feasible and infeasible region. Bayesian optimization is a low-cost black-box global optimization tool in the Sequential Design Methods where one learns and updates knowledge from prior evaluated designs, and proceeds to the selection of new designs for future evaluation. However, BO is best suited to problems with the assumption of a continuous objective function and does not guarantee true convergence when having a discontinuous design space. This is because of the insufficient knowledge of the BO about the nature of the discontinuity of the unknown true function. In this paper, we have proposed to predict the location of the discontinuity using a BO algorithm on an artificially projected continuous design space from the original discontinuous design space. The proposed approach has been implemented in a thin tube design with the risk of creep-fatigue failure under constant loading of temperature and pressure. The stated risk depends on the location of the designs in terms of safe and unsafe regions, where the discontinuities lie at the transition between those regions; therefore, the discontinuity has also been treated as an unknown creep-fatigue failure constraint. The proposed BO algorithm has been trained to maximize sampling toward the unknown transition region, to act as a high accuracy classifier between safe and unsafe designs with minimal training cost. The converged solution has been validated for different design parameters with classification error rate and function evaluations at an average of &lt;1% and ∼150, respectively. Finally, the performance of our proposed approach in terms of training cost and classification accuracy of thin tube design is shown to be better than the existing machine learning (ML) algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Boosting.
Parametric Study on the Performance of Combined Power Plant of Steam and Gas Turbines
Authors: Almajali M. R. , Quran Omar A. S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with aspects of the combined power and power (CPP) plants. Such plants consist of two major parts: the steam turbine and gas turbine plants. This study investigates the efficiency of CPP under the effect of several factors. CPP plants including an open cycle gas turbine and a bottoming cycle steam turbine can achieve the highest thermal efficiency obtained with turbomachinery up to date. In this cycle, the anticipated waste thermal energy of the exhaust of gas turbine is used to generate high-pressure steam to empower the steam turbine in the steam cycle. By systematically varying the main design parameters, their influence on the CPP plant can be revealed. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to measure the influence of the main parameter of the gas and steam cycles on the performance of CPP. The results exhibit that the overall plant thermal efficiency is significantly greater than that of either of the two turbines. Due to the high thermal efficiency, a significant reduction in the greenhouse effect can be achieved. It is found that the regenerative steam cycle will reduce the overall efficiency of the combined cycle. On the other hand, using the reheat steam cycle in the CPP plant will lead to an increase in both the thermal efficiency of the plant and the dryness factor of steam at the exit of the steam turbine.
Composite Material Failure Model Updating Approach Leveraging Nondestructive Evaluation Data
Authors: Bahadori Mohammadreza , Tekerek Emine , Mathew Melvin , Krzysztof Mazur , Wisner Brian , Kontsos Antonios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel failure model updating methodology is presented in this paper for composite materials. The innovation in the approach presented is found in both the experimental and computational methods used. Specifically, a dominant bottleneck in data-driven failure model development relates to the types of data inputs that could be used for model calibration or updating. To address this issue, nondestructive evaluation data obtained while performing mechanical testing at the laboratory scale are used in this paper to form a damage metric based on a series of processing steps that leverage raw sensing inputs and provide progressive failure curves that are then used to calibrate the damage initiation point computed by full-field three-dimensional finite element simulations of fiber-reinforced composite material that take into account both intra- and interlayer damage. Such curves defined based on nondestructive evaluation data are found to effectively monitor the progressive failure process, and therefore, they could be used as a way to form modeling inputs at different length scales.
Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Modulation of SOS1 Can Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis through Obesity-Activated c-Met Signaling in African-American Women
Authors: Xing Fei , Zhao Dan , Wu Shih-Ying , Tyagi Abhishek , Wu Kerui , Sharma Sambad , Liu Yin , Deshpande Ravindra , Wang Yuezhu , Cleary Jacob , Miller Lance D. , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Yalamanchili Chinni , Mo Yin-Yuan , Watabe Kounosuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Ethnicity is considered to be one of the major risk factors in certain subtypes of breast cancer. However, the mechanism of this racial disparity remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SOS1, a key regulator of Ras pathway, is highly expressed in African-American (AA) patients with breast cancer compared with Caucasian-American patients. Because of the higher obesity rate in AA women, increased levels of SOS1 facilitated signal transduction of the c-Met pathway, which was highly activated in AA patients with breast cancer via hepatocyte growth factor secreted from adipocytes. Elevated expression of SOS1 also enhanced cancer stemness through upregulation of PTTG1 and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages by CCL2 in metastatic sites. SOS1 was epigenetically regulated by a super-enhancer identified by H3K27ac in AA patients. Knockout of the super-enhancer by CRISPR in AA cell lines significantly reduced SOS1 expression. Furthermore, SOS1 was posttranscriptionally regulated by miR-483 whose expression is reduced in AA patients through histone trimethylation (H3K27me3) on its promoter. The natural compound, taxifolin, suppressed signaling transduction of SOS1 by blocking the interaction between SOS1 and Grb2, suggesting a potential utility of this compound as a therapeutic agent for AA patients with breast cancer.

Significance:
These findings elucidate the signaling network of SOS1-mediated metastasis in African-American patients, from the epigenetic upregulation of SOS1 to the identification of taxifolin as a potential therapeutic strategy against SOS1-driven tumor progression.
A Critical Role for Fas-Mediated Off-Target Tumor Killing in T-cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Upadhyay Ranjan , Boiarsky Jonathan A. , Pantsulaia Gvantsa , Svensson-Arvelund Judit , Lin Matthew J. , Wroblewska Aleksandra , Bhalla Sherry , Scholler Nathalie , Bot Adrian , Rossi John M. , Sadek Norah , Parekh Samir , Lagana Alessandro , Baccarini Alessia , Merad Miriam , Brown Brian D. , Brody Joshua D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractT cell–based therapies have induced cancer remissions, though most tumors ultimately progress, reflecting inherent or acquired resistance including antigen escape. Better understanding of how T cells eliminate tumors will help decipher resistance mechanisms. We used a CRISPR/Cas9 screen and identified a necessary role for Fas–FasL in antigen-specific T-cell killing. We also found that Fas–FasL mediated off-target “bystander” killing of antigen-negative tumor cells. This localized bystander cytotoxicity enhanced clearance of antigen-heterogeneous tumors in vivo, a finding that has not been shown previously. Fas-mediated on-target and bystander killing was reproduced in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) and bispecific antibody T-cell models and was augmented by inhibiting regulators of Fas signaling. Tumoral FAS expression alone predicted survival of CAR-T–treated patients in a large clinical trial (NCT02348216). These data suggest strategies to prevent immune escape by targeting both the antigen expression of most tumor cells and the geography of antigen-loss variants.Significance:This study demonstrates the first report of in vivo Fas-dependent bystander killing of antigen-negative tumors by T cells, a phenomenon that may be contributing to the high response rates of antigen-directed immunotherapies despite tumoral heterogeneity. Small molecules that target the Fas pathway may potentiate this mechanism to prevent cancer relapse.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Apoptotic Ablation of Platelets Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice With Diabetes
Authors: Lee Man K.S. , Kraakman Michael J. , Dragoljevic Dragana , Hanssen Nordin M.J. , Flynn Michelle C. , Al-Sharea Annas , Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Bertuzzo-Veiga Camilla , Cooney Olivia D. , Baig Fatima , Morriss Elizabeth , Cooper Mark E. , Josefsson Emma C. , Kile Benjamin T. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Murphy Andrew J. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
People with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease, in part, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Diabetic subjects have increased number of platelets that are activated, more reactive, and respond suboptimally to antiplatelet therapies. We hypothesized that reducing platelet numbers by inducing their premature apoptotic death would decrease atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

This was achieved by targeting the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x
L
(B-cell lymphoma-extra large; which is essential for platelet viability) via distinct genetic and pharmacological approaches. In the former, we transplanted bone marrow from mice carrying the Tyr15 to Cys loss of function allele of Bcl-x (known as
Bcl-x

Plt20

) or wild-type littermate controls into atherosclerotic-prone
Ldlr
+/−
mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and fed a Western diet. Reduced Bcl-x
L
function in hematopoietic cells significantly decreased platelet numbers, exclusive of other hematologic changes. This led to a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion formation in
Bcl-x

Plt20

bone marrow transplanted
Ldlr
+/−
mice. To assess the potential therapeutic relevance of reducing platelets in atherosclerosis, we next targeted Bcl-x
L
with a pharmacological strategy. This was achieved by low-dose administration of the BH3 (B-cell lymphoma-2 homology domain 3) mimetic, ABT-737 triweekly, in diabetic
Apoe
−/−
mice for the final 6 weeks of a 12-week study. ABT-737 normalized platelet numbers along with platelet and leukocyte activation to that of nondiabetic controls, significantly reducing atherosclerosis while promoting a more stable plaque phenotype.

Conclusions:

These studies suggest that selectively reducing circulating platelets, by targeting Bcl-x
L
to promote platelet apoptosis, can reduce atherosclerosis and lower cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Low miR‐19b‐1‐5p Expression Is Related to Aspirin Resistance and Major Adverse Cardio‐ Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Singh Sandeep , de Ronde Maurice W. J. , Creemers Esther E. , Van der Made Ingeborg , Meijering Roelien , Chan Mark Y. , Hwee Tan Sock , Tang Chin Chee , Mark Richards A. , Troughton Richard W. , Yean Yip Fong Alan , Yan Bryan P. , Pinto‐Sietsma Sara‐Joan 
Published: January 2021

Background
Because of a nonresponse to aspirin (aspirin resistance), patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at increased risk of developing recurrent event. The in vitro platelet function tests have potential limitations, making them unsuitable for the detection of aspirin resistance. We investigated whether miR‐19b‐1‐5p could be utilized as a biomarker for aspirin resistance and future major adverse cardio‐cerebrovascular (MACCE) events in patients with ACS.

Methods and Results

In this cohort study, patients with ACS were enrolled from multiple tertiary hospitals in Christchurch, Hong Kong, Sarawak, and Singapore between 2011 and 2015. MiR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was measured from buffy coat of patients with ACS (n=945) by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Platelet function was determined by Multiplate aggregometry testing. MACCE was collected over a mean follow‐up time of 1.01±0.43 years. Low miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was found to be related to aspirin resistance as could be observed from sustained platelet aggregation in the presence of aspirin (‐Log‐miR‐19b‐1‐5p, [unstandardized beta, 44.50; 95% CI, 2.20–86.80;
P
<0.05]), even after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and prior history of stroke. Lower miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was independently associated with a higher risk of MACCE (‐Log‐miR‐19b‐1‐5p, [hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23–2.80;
P
<0.05]). Furthermore, a significant interaction was noted between the inverse miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression and family history of premature coronary artery disease (
P
=0.01) on the risk of MACCE.

Conclusions
Lower miR‐19b‐1‐5p expression was found to be associated with sustained platelet aggregation on aspirin, and a higher risk of MACCE in patients with ACS. Therefore, miR‐19b‐1‐5p could be a suitable marker for aspirin resistance and might predict recurrence of MACCE in patients with ACS.
Structural Thickening of Medial Layer in Coronary Artery With Spasm in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nakamura Takamitsu , Horikoshi Takeo , Kugiyama Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2021

Background
The underlying pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm (CAS) remains unclear. We aim to determine whether coronary artery medial layer thickness is associated with CAS using optical coherence tomography.

Methods and Results

A total of 50 patients with previous myocardial infarction underwent optical coherence tomography of the left anterior descending artery: 20 with CAS and 30 without CAS. Intimal and medial layer areas were measured by planimetric analysis of optical coherence tomography images. The medial area/external elastic membrane (EEM) area was significantly greater in patients with than without CAS (0.13±0.01 versus 0.09±0.01, respectively,
P
<0.01), whereas the intimal area/EEM area was similar in the 2 groups. In patients without CAS, the relationship of intimal area/EEM area with medial area/EEM area and coronary diameter response to intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was characterized by an inverted U‐shaped curve (
y
=−1.85
x
2
+0.81
x
+0.01,
R
2
=0.43,
P
<0.001) and a U‐shaped curve (
y
=2993.2
x
2
−1359.6
x
+117.1,
R
2
=0.53,
P
<0.001), respectively. Thus, the medial layer became thin and the contractile response became weak in coronary arteries with greater intimal area in the non‐CAS patients. In contrast, in patients with CAS, the intimal area/EEM area had no significant relationship with the medial area/EEM area in either linear correlation analysis or quadratic regression analysis. Thus, even when the intimal layer thickened, the medial layer did not thin in patients with CAS.

Conclusions
The structural thickness of the coronary medial layer was increased in patients with CAS, which may provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of CAS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.upload.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000018432.
Analysis and Evolution of European Case Law on Conscientious Objections in Healthcare: Grimmark v. Sweden and Steen v. Sweden
Authors: Salinas Mengual Jorge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conscientious objection is a fundamental right recognized in various national and international texts and is generally linked to the religious beliefs of the people who invoke it. In this article, an analysis is made of the content of this fundamental right at the level of comparative and European human right law, as well as a study of how it has evolved over the years in the judgments issued by the European Court of Human Rights. An analysis of the decisions in Grimmark v. Sweden and Steen v. Sweden particularly, allow us to establish a change of trend in the European jurisprudence that shifts from more Europeanist positions to other more national ones, based on the notion of the margin of appreciation.
Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples: Encounters Across Europe
Authors: Twardowska Aleksandra , Taczyńska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2021

Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples: Encounters Across EuropeThe 9th issue of Colloquia Humanistica focuses in its entirety on Jewish/non-Jewish contacts. The papers, presentations of materials, discussions and reviews all share the theme of the entangled history of cohabitation. Still, deconstructed on multiple layers of geography, ethnicity, research domain and methodology, the title’s “encounters” make for varied reading. Aszkenazyjczycy, Sefardyjczycy i narody nieżydowskie. Spotkania w EuropieDziewiąty numer Colloquia Humanistica jest w całości poświęcony żydowsko-nieżydowskim kontaktom. Artykuły, prezentacje materiałów, dyskusje i recenzje ilustrują tę uwikłaną historię koegzystencji. Numer jest zróżnicowany, a tytułowe spotkania mają odzwierciedlenie na kilku poziomach: wspomnianych kontaktów żydowsko-nieżydowskich, aszkenazyjsko-sefardyjskich, obszarów badawczych i na poziomie metodologicznym.
‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar Period
Authors: Olszewska Izabela 
Published: January 2021

‟Wir Deutschjuden”: The Image of Germans and Westjuden in the German-Language Jewish Press of the First World War and the Interwar PeriodThe interwar period was a highly special time in reference to defining and constructing all kinds of cultural identities in Europe. One of the groups building their identity at the time were the so-called Westjuden, a Jewish community culturally defined as Ashkenazi assimilated under the influence of the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah). In German territory, Westjuden considered themselves German citizens of the Jewish faith, thus separating themselves from the remaining groups of Ashkenazi Jews, i.e. the Ostjuden. Also describing themselves as Germans in the German-language Jewish press, Westjuden frequently characterized, analyzed, and searched for confirmation of their belonging to the German cultural circle.The aim of the article is to reconstruct the image of Germans and Westjuden themselves in the German-language Jewish press at the time of the First World War and in the interwar period. „Wir Deutschjuden”: obraz Niemców oraz Westjuden w niemieckojęzycznej prasie żydowskiej z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennegoOkres pierwszej wojny światowej oraz dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był czasem niezwykle specyficznym, jeśli chodzi o określanie i konstruowanie wszelkich ku lturowych tożsamości w Europie. Jedną z takich grup byli Deutschjuden, tj. zasymilowani pod wpływem oświecenia żydowskiego (Haskali) Żydzi niemieccy. Deutschjuden deklarowali się jako „obywatele niemieccy wyznania mojżeszowego”, separując się tym ostentacyjnie od migrujących do Niemiec Żydów z Europy wschodniej – Ostjuden. Na łamach swojej prasy niemieckojęzycznej Żydzi wielokrotnie charakteryzowali, analizowali, szukali potwierdzenia przynależności do niemieckiego kręgu kulturowego, opisując przy tym siebie, jak i Niemców.Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja kulturowego obrazu Deutschjuden oraz pośrednio Niemców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dyskursu odnoszącego się do języka, religii, kultury historycznej czy tradycji Deutschjuden.
The Holocaust in Southern Ukraine: The Response of Survived Jews of Kalinindorf District after the German Occupation
Authors: Kaparulin Yurii 
Published: January 2021

The Holocaust in Southern Ukraine: The Response of Survived Jews of Kalinindorf District after the German OccupationBased on archival documents and published and unpublished materials of oral history, the paper offers an overview of the Holocaust in the Kalinindorf district (territories of modern-day Kherson and Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine) and the reaction of survived Jews after their return from evacuation and the front. Through particular cases, the paper shows the variants of behaviour and adaptation of Jews to post-war living conditions. The mid-1940s serves as the historical background; it was a period when antisemitic attitudes strengthened in society and in the party leadership. The article indicates how the Jews returned to the pre-war lifestyle in rural areas, but also their rejection of new conditions and changes in the place where they lived. It also investigates the formation of the Jewish community’s tradition of commemorative practices in places of mass executions of Jews. Holokaust na Ukrainie Południowej. Reakcje ocalałych Żydów dystryktu Kalinindorf po niemieckiej okupacjiArtykuł bazuje na dokumentacji archiwalnej, opublikowanych i nieopublikowanych relacjiach historii mówionej, i stanowi zarys problemu Holokaustu w dystrykcie Kalinindorf (terytorium dzisiejszych obwodów chersońskiego i mikołajowskiego); ukazuje również reakcje ocalałych Żydów po powrocie z frontu i ewakuacji. Na przykładzie poszczególnych przypadków artykuł prezentuje różne zachowania i typy adaptacji Żydów do życia w powojennych warunkach. Tło historyczne stanowi połowa lat 40. XX wieku, jako okres wzmocnienia nastrojów antysemickich w społeczeństwie i wśród przywódców partyjnych. Artykuł opisuje zarówno powrót Żydów do przedwojennego sposobu życia na terenach wiejskich, jak i ich niechęć do nowych warunków i nowego miejsca osiedlenia. Prezentuje również badania nad kształtowaniem się wśród społeczności żydowskich tradycji praktyk upamiętniających w miejscach masowej eksterminacji.