bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and histopathological effects of low dose vanadium in the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in male wistar rats
Authors: Omayone Tosan Peter , Olaleye Samuel Babafemi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesVanadium has been reported to possess relevant therapeutic properties such as anti-diabetic and anti-tumoral. This study aimed at determining the effects of vanadium on experimentally induced colitis in rats.MethodsForty-five male Wistar rats (103 ± 3.90 g, n=15) were used for this study and were divided into three groups. Group 1 (Untreated control) had nothing added to their drinking, while groups 2 and 3 received sodium metavanadate at a dose of 50 and 200 mg/L respectively in their drinking water for 10 weeks. Colitis was thereafter induced by intra colonic administration of 1.50 mL of 6% acetic acid. Animals were sacrificed on day 0 (pre-induction), three- and seven-days post induction. Blood samples were collected for haematological variables and the distal 8 cm of the colon was collected for macroscopic, histological and biochemical (malondialdehyde-MDA, superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase- GPx and nitrite concentration- NO) assessment.ResultsLow dose vanadium proved beneficial in ameliorating acetic acid-induced colitis by improving both histopathological and haematological changes. Gross observation showed a faster healing rate in vanadium treated groups (50 and 200 mg/L) compared with untreated control at day 3 (40 and 26.20 vs. 2.50%) and day 7 (80 and 66.70 vs. 42%) respectively. Vanadium also appears to exert its beneficial effects on acetic acid-induced colitis via up regulation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and NO while decreasing the over production of MDA.ConclusionsVanadium at small concentration functions as an essential trace element and may be able to promote healing process during ulcerative colitis.
Health, Environment and Economic Interests: From Balancing to Ensuring Effective Remedies
Authors: Crea Camilla , Ettore Perriello Luca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Balancing health and the environment against economic interests – in terms of production but also employment – is a big conundrum for national, European and international courts and politics. It seems a ‘tragic choice’ to deal with. The Ilva case symbolises an environmental disaster that offers an opportunity to delve into several sensitive issues. Part I will address, firstly, the possible methods and limitations of balancing constitutional rights in the Italian legal system, drawing on the flexible and dynamic nature of the hierarchy of legal values. Secondly, it will address the role of effective judicial protection of the right to health and environment, taking into consideration access to justice and effective remedies, as the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) pointed out. Part II will focus on the role of civil liability in repairing damage where no effective prevention is feasible. While focusing on the unilateral prevention of accidents and the irrelevance of a regulatory compliance defence, the paper will contend that ‘reflected’ environmental damage should be awarded compensation through a strict rule of liability. Finally, the paper will articulate some policy remarks as to the most effective model to regulate environmental disasters.
Discourse expectations: explaining the implicit causality biases of verbs
Authors: Bott Oliver , Solstad Torgrim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article presents a linguistic account explaining particular mechanisms underlying the generation of expectations at the discourse level. We further develop a linguistic theory – the Empty Slot Theory – explaining the phenomenon of implicit verb causality. According to our proposal, implicit causality (IC) verbs introduce lexically determined slots for causal content of specific types. If the required information is not derivable from the current or preceding context, IC verbs generate the expectation that these slots will be filled in the upcoming discourse. The cognitive mechanism underlying the bias is grounded in the general processing strategy of avoiding accommodation. Empirical evidence for the proposed theory is provided in three continuation experiments in German with comprehensive semantic annotation of the continuations provided by the participants. The reported experiments consistently show that IC bias can be manipulated in systematic ways. Experiment 1 demonstrates important ontological constraints on causal content crucial for our theory. Experiments 2 and 3 show how IC biases can be manipulated in predictable ways by filling the hypothesized slots in the prompt. Experiment 2 illustrates that stimulus-experiencer (experiencer-object) verbs in contrast to causative agent-patient verbs can be manipulated with respect to coherence and coreference by employing adverbial modification. Filling the lexically determined slot of psychological verbs resulted in predictable changes in coherence relations and types of explanations, resulting in the predicted effects on coreference. Experiment 3 extends the empirical investigations to so-called “agent-evocator” verbs. Again, filling the semantic slot as part of the prompt resulted in predictable shifts in coherence relations and explanation types with transparent effects on coreference. The reported experiments shed further light on the close correspondence between coherence and coreference as a hallmark of natural language discourse.
The ambiguous role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in human immunity
Authors: Kalia Namarta , Singh Jatinder , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMannose-binding lectin (MBL) and lectin complement pathway have become targets of increasing clinical interest. Many aspects of MBL have been recently explored, including the structural properties that allow it to distinguish self from non-self/altered-self structures. Experimental evidences have declared the additional 5′- and 3′-variants that in amalgamation with well-known secretor polymorphisms change MBL function and concentration. Moreover, the current review highlights the differential behavior of MBL on exposure with extra/intracellular pathogens and in autoimmune diseases, stressing the fact that “high MBL levels can increase diseases susceptibility,” a paradox that needs justification. Attributable to these discrepancies, no absolute level of MBL deficiency could be defined so far and thus must be interpreted for specific diseases through case–control population-specific designs. Overall, it is evident that further research is needed about MBL and the lectin pathway of complement. Particularly, the transformative role of MBL over evolution is of interest and its role with regard to pathogenesis of different diseases and potential therapeutic targets within the respective pathways should be further explored. Apart from this, it is necessary to adopt an extensive locus-wide methodology to apprehend the clinical significance ofMBL2polymorphisms in a variety of infectious diseases by the future studies.
A new generalized Lindley-Weibull class of distributions: Theory, properties and applications
Authors: Makubate Boikanyo , Moakofi Thatayaone , Oluyede Broderick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a new generalized class of distributions called Lindley-Weibull Power Series (LWPS) distributions and their special case called Lindley-Weibull logarithmic (LWL) distributions. Structural properties of the LWPS class of distributions and its sub-model LWL distribution including moments, order statistics, Rényi entropy, mean and median deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, and maximum likelihood estimates are derived. A simulation study to examine the bias and mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimators for each parameter is presented. Finally, real data examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed class of distributions.
Crystal structure of ethyl-2-(3-benzoylthioureido)propanoate, C13H16N2O3S
Authors: Chong Yan Yi , Mark-Lee Wun Fui , Mohamed Tahir Mohamed Ibrahim , Kassim Mohammad B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
C13H16N2O3S, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\bar{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.1998(4) Å, b = 9.1320(4) Å, c = 10.7062(6) Å, α = 106.183(5)°, β = 111.506(5)°, γ = 97.589(4)°, V = 691.27(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0346, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0957, T = 293(2) K.
Rice straw paper sheets reinforced with bleached or unbleached nanofibers
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L. , Abou-Elseoud Wafaa S. , Abdel Kader Amal H. , Hassan Enas A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached pulp are characterized by different surface properties due to presence of lignin at their surface, in addition to lower cost than isolated from bleached pulp. In the current work, the effect of cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached neutral sulfite and bleached soda rice straw pulps (so called UBCNF and BCNF) on improving paper sheet properties of unbleached and bleached rice straw pulp (so called UBP and BP) was studied. The effect on mechanical properties (tensile strength, burst strength, and tearing resistance) and physical properties (porosity and water vapor permeability) was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assist in explaining the obtained results. The result showed that using BCNF and BP resulted in better improvement in mechanical properties and also more effective in reducing porosity of paper sheets than in case of using UBCNF and UBP. These results indicated stronger bonding between nanofibers and pulps’ fibers in case of using BCNF and BP (surfaces rich in cellulose hydroxyl groups) than in case of UBCNF and UBP (surfaces rich in lignin). Water vapor permeability of paper sheets made from unbleached or bleached pulps did not significantly affect by the addition the nanofibers.
The role of MFC and hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose in film formation and the barrier properties of methyl nanocellulose film
Authors: Lyytikäinen Johanna , Ovaska Sami-Seppo , Heiskanen Isto , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is currently a great demand for sustainable and bio-derived coatings for fiber-based packaging materials, which are technically implementable with a high performance. The aim of this work was to investigate the grease resistance of coatings prepared from methyl nanocellulose when applied on paperboard. Co-additives selected from native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC) were used in order to determine their impact on film formation and crack resistance for folds. Small and moderate coat weights were applied in order to determine the critical coat weight for the barrier properties. It was found that high grease resistance can be achieved with methyl nanocellulose and a combination of methyl nanocellulose and MFC coatings. Contact angle determinations for water on uncoated and coated materials showed that EHEC-MFC films have a very high contact angle which is due to both the surface chemistry and roughness. This indicates and confirms that EHEC may facilitate the wetting of oil and greases. Methyl nanocellulose mixed with hydrophobically modified EHEC significantly changed the barrier properties indicating a change in the film formation.
HDAC3 Activity within the Nucleus Accumbens Regulates Cocaine-Induced Plasticity and Behavior in a Cell-Type-Specific Manner
Authors: Campbell R. R. , Kramár E. A. , Pham L. , Beardwood J. H. , Augustynski A. S. , López A. J. , Chitnis O. S. , Delima G. , Banihani J. , Matheos D. P. , Wood M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate processes of neuroplasticity critical to cocaine-induced behaviors. This includes the Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) HDAC3, known to act as a negative regulator of cocaine-associated memory formation within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Despite this, it remains unknown how cocaine alters HDAC3-dependent mechanisms. Here, we profiled HDAC3 expression and activity in total NAc mouse tissue following cocaine exposure. Although chronic cocaine did not affect expression ofHdac3within the NAc, chronic cocaine did affect promoter-specific changes in HDAC3 and H4K8Ac occupancy. These changes in promoter occupancy correlated with cocaine-induced changes in expression of plasticity-related genes. To causally determine whether cocaine-induced plasticity is mediated by HDAC3's deacetylase activity, we overexpressed a deacetylase-dead HDAC3 point mutant (HDAC3-Y298H-v5) within the NAc of adult male mice. We found that disrupting HDAC3's enzymatic activity altered selective changes in gene expression and synaptic plasticity following cocaine exposure, despite having no effects on cocaine-induced behaviors. In further assessing HDAC3's role within the NAc, we observed that chronic cocaine increasesHdac3expression inDrd1but notDrd2-cells of the NAc. Moreover, we discovered that HDAC3 acts selectively within D1R cell-types to regulate cocaine-associated memory formation and cocaine-seeking. Overall, these results suggest that cocaine induces cell-type-specific changes in epigenetic mechanisms to promote plasticity important for driving cocaine-related behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDrugs of abuse alter molecular mechanisms throughout the reward circuitry that can lead to persistent drug-associated behaviors. Epigenetic regulators are critical drivers of drug-induced changes in gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the activity of an epigenetic enzyme promotes neuroplasticity within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) critical to cocaine action. In addition, we demonstrate that these changes in epigenetic activity drive cocaine-seeking behaviors in a cell-type-specific manner. These findings are key in understanding and targeting cocaine's impact of neural circuitry and behavior.
Pengaruh Dana Investasi Melalui Instrumen SUN dan SBSN Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia
Authors: Ryandini Tya 
Published: February 2021

The Influence of Investment Fund Through National Bond (SUN) and National Sukuk (SBSN) To Economic Growth in Indonesia. The aims of this research is to analyze the short term and long term influence of investment fund through National Bond (SUN) and National Sukuk (SBSN) to economic growth in Indonesia in the year of 2008 – 2012.The methode which used in this research is Error Correction Model. The result shows that economic development is positively influenced by National Bond in short term and long term. But, it negatively influenced by the National Sukuk both in short term and long term DOI:10.15408/aiq.v6i1.1369
Socioeconomic and Racial and/or Ethnic Disparities in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Javalkar Karina , Robson Victoria K. , Gaffney Lukas , Bohling Amy M. , Arya Puneeta , Servattalab Sarah , Roberts Jordan E. , Campbell Jeffrey I. , Sekhavat Sepehr , Newburger Jane W. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Baker Annette L. , Lee Pui Y. , Day-Lewis Megan , Bucholz Emily , Kobayashi Ryan , Son Mary Beth , Henderson Lauren A. , Kheir John N. , Friedman Kevin G. , Dionne Audrey 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To characterize the socioeconomic and racial and/or ethnic disparities impacting the diagnosis and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

METHODS:
This multicenter retrospective case-control study was conducted at 3 academic centers from January 1 to September 1, 2020. Children with MIS-C were compared with 5 control groups: children with coronavirus disease 2019, children evaluated for MIS-C who did not meet case patient criteria, children hospitalized with febrile illness, children with Kawasaki disease, and children in Massachusetts based on US census data. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and social vulnerability index (SVI) were measured via a census-based scoring system. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between SES, SVI, race and ethnicity, and MIS-C diagnosis and clinical severity as outcomes.

RESULTS:
Among 43 patients with MIS-C, 19 (44%) were Hispanic, 11 (26%) were Black, and 12 (28%) were white; 22 (51%) were in the lowest quartile SES, and 23 (53%) were in the highest quartile SVI. SES and SVI were similar between patients with MIS-C and coronavirus disease 2019. In multivariable analysis, lowest SES quartile (odds ratio 2.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1–4.4]), highest SVI quartile (odds ratio 2.8 [95% confidence interval 1.5–5.1]), and racial and/or ethnic minority background were associated with MIS-C diagnosis. Neither SES, SVI, race, nor ethnicity were associated with disease severity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lower SES or higher SVI, Hispanic ethnicity, and Black race independently increased risk for MIS-C. Additional studies are required to target interventions to improve health equity for children.
DFT study of “unlayered graphene solid” formation, in liquid carbon droplets at low pressures
Authors: Silva Chathuri , Chrostoski Philip , Fraundorf P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis atomistic modeling study is companion to new experimental work on carbon vapor slow-cooled in (a) the laboratory and (b) the atmosphere of ancient carbon-synthesizing stars. It specifically follows up on TEM clues about the nucleation of unlayered graphene sheets in a solidifying carbon liquid, to show that 5 atom loops may help explain evidence for faceted pentacones in a slow-cooled melt. This is also first in a series of modeling studies that may open the door to laboratory studies of (i) condensation in cool-giant star atmospheres and (ii) liquid carbon at low pressures.Graphic abstract
O EMPRESARIADO SOCIAL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA AGENDA DE AÇÕES DE QUALIDADE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Bortot Camila Maria , Scaff Elisângela Alves da Silva 
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo objetiva apreender a construção de uma agenda acerca da qualidade para a Educação Infantil representado pelo empresariado social. Nesse movimento, o ideário daNova Gestão Pública se destaca e o diálogo com o Terceiro Setor se aprofunda, evidenciando a predominância de parcerias público-privadas como forma de privatização no contexto da educação infantil brasileira. Entre os sujeitos que tem protagonizado o debate na Educação Infantil no empresariado social, selecionamos para análise a Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal (FMCSV), Fundação esta que se encontra inserida em convênios com municípios, orientações sobre negócios de impacto na área da Infância, organização de estudos sobre boas práticas, organização curricular, orientações intersetoriais, elaboração de políticas, orientando o debate de qualidade pautado em eficiência e eficácia ajustado à produção de capital humano. Constatamos assim que a FMCSV atua no âmbito da privatização exógena e endógena, disseminado receituários de educação, concebidos a partir dos princípios da eficiência e da eficácia, como oportunidades de lucro imediato por meio do investimento na mão de obra futura – pela característica do negócio de impacto na infância, alinhado a uma agenda global, em que o fazer político se articula ao fazer econômico sob nova roupagem, por meio do empresariado social, em uma agenda de descentralização, influência ideológica e privatização dos serviços públicos da educação infantil brasileira.
REDES DENTRO DE REDES E AS NOVAS ALIANÇAS ENTRE ESTADO E MERCADO
Authors: Peroni Vera Maria Vidal , Caetano Maria Raquel 
Published: February 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e problematizar as novas formas de relação entre o público e o privado, entre Estado, mercado e sociedade, como parte das reformas globais que vêm ocorrendo no Brasil e no mundo, desenvolvendo o referencial teórico “de redes” e de “redes dentro de redes” (BALL, 2014; 2013) como instrumento conceitual e analítico, a partir da materialização de um exemplo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, utilizamos a análise documental e o mapeamento dos sujeitos individuais e coletivos e suas relações que constituem a rede. Nas considerações, problematizamos as redes dentro de redes constituídas por empresários e novos filantropos que disputam um novo projeto societário, com um novo projeto de gestão pública e, consequentemente, de educação, promovendo um distanciamento cada vez maior do processo de democratização da educação pública.
The development of physical preparedness of student young people
Authors: Et al. Muratov Muzaffar Shermamatovich 
Published: February 2021

In the modern world there are a number of unsolved problems concerning the physical development of youth. At the present time this problem is actual. There is an active regression in the physical development of incoming entrants. This problem starts in early adolescence, from the school bench. At the moment of building the foundation in the physical development of schoolchildren is reducing the level of physical fitness. The gap in physical development at an early stage will be reflected in the future. Therefore, it is very important to pay due attention to active physical development. Due to lack of time, lack of necessary equipment, weak material and technical base of the educational institution, physical education is conducted in a simplified form and does not allow teachers to achieve the necessary pedagogical effect. In order to raise the importance of physical education and sport among school-age students, it is recommended that a number of measures be taken to promote it through the mass media, sporting events and competitions.
A STUDY OF ATTITUDE AND MOTIVATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF HYDERABAD-KARNATAKA REGION
Authors: Dr. U. K. Kulkarni Ranju T Nair, 
Published: February 2021

This study was attempted to investigate the attitude and motivation of English Language Learners at secondary school students of Hyderabad-Karnataka region. A standardized questionnaire was administered in the form of survey to 900 IX standard students from Hyderbad-Karnataka region (Bellary, Bidar, Kalabugi, Koppal,Raichur and Yadgir) to collect data regarding their motivation and attitude towards learning English Language.The collected data was statistically analyzed using suitable statistical methods like mean,standard deviation, t test,one way analysis of varience (ANOVA). The result revealed that there is a significant difference between the gender and locality of the school,type of school,type of management. This study recommended that the relevant language improvement programs and activities are also discussed in accordance with the students language difficulties as communicated in the open-ended questions to increase their motivation and attitude in English language.Hence it was concluded that more classroom activities in the study of English enhance pupils attitude and motivation to learn English