bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatic embryogenesis as a way of Siberian pine biodiversity preservation: initiation
Authors: Noskova N E , Noskova M A , Aksinenko M A , Martynova O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article reports about the results of an experiment to initiate somatic embryogenesis in Siberian pine in 2019. The object of the study was trees from the forest seed orchards of Berdsk forestry in the Novosibirsk region. Immature cones were collected at the stage of early embryogenesis. 5 culture media compositions and 6 genotypes were tested. Intact and dissected megagametophytes were used as explants. Two stably proliferating embryogenic lines were obtained. It has been proven that the genotype and composition of the nutrient medium influence on the initiation of somatic embryogenesis. The most competent genotypes and effective nutrient media for somatic embryogenesis of Siberian pine were revealed. It has been established that dissected megagametophytes are promising to use as explants for obtaining somatic embryogenesis in Siberian pine.
Genetic features of the offspring of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris
L.) trees differing in the abundance of fruiting
Authors: Potasheva Yu I , Fayzulin D H , Gaevsky N P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Development of artificial reforestation is based on selection and genetics. Solving issues related to stability and productivity improvement of cultivated forest-forming species is impossible without taking into account the hereditary properties of the tree offspring. Genetic features of the offspring of Scots pine trees differing in the abundance of fruiting, were studied on permanent forest seed plots (PFSP) in different regions. The study objects were PFSP-1 of pine in the Ustyuzhna district of the Vologda region and PFSP-2 of pine in the Plesetsk district of the Arkhangelsk region. Permanent forest seed plots were laid out according to the method developed by the Northern Research Institute of Forestry (NRIF) and in accordance with the industry standard OST 56-35-78. The results of multiannual research have shown that the number of trees with good hereditary properties and the share of elite trees on the PFSP laid out according to the NRIF method exceeds the number of similar trees on the PFSP laid out according to the industry standard OST 56-35-78. Pine trees, which have good selection and genetic properties in terms of the offspring growth rate, are heterogeneous in the abundance of fruiting, yield of full-grain seeds and seed productivity. All this highlights the importance of a separate assessment of trees according to these features. The selection of elite trees of Scots pine can be carried out among plus trees having good inherited abilities for the abundance of fruiting and the yield of full-grain seeds. The assessment of the hereditary properties of plus trees by the offspring growth rate was carried out using the method of early diagnosis by the number of cotyledons. It is also possible to carry out selection of elite trees on the pine PFSP created by the NRIF method. If the method of early diagnosis by the number of cotyledons and the method of selection of high-yielding individuals developed by NRIF are used, it will take one plentiful growing season to select elite trees.
Biological activity of probiotics Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofilaments
Authors: Berezina O Y , Sidorova N A , Savushkin A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To substantiate the development of alternative agrarian and food technologies, the article presents the results of a study of the biological activity of potential probiotic cultures Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis in the context of their further use as part of therapeutic and prophylactic additives to feed for various purposes. The biological activity of genuine strains of bacilli and lactobacilli was assessed by the effect of self-aggregation in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires obtained by the electrospinig method. The immobilized cells were cultured in an RTS-1C bioreactor with Reverse-Spin technology for 110 hours, followed by an assessment of the effect of immobilization by the kinetics of growth, pH of the culture medium and preservation of viability. As a result of a series of experiments, it was found that in the presence of PVP, growing cells of Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis during fermentation acquire the ability to maintain a minimum growth rate and an optimal pH range for a long time period. In addition, in the presence of PVP, an increase in the number of viable cells of lactobacilli from 104 to 107 CFU/ml and bacilli from 104 to 106 CFU/ml was found in the reaction mixture. The data obtained are intended for further investigation of the phenomenon of self-aggregation of bacteria in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires and are considered promising for the development of new forms of probiotic products.
Characteristics of variability of the main breeding characteristics of the Salsk sheep
Authors: Kolosov Yu A , Fedorov V Kh , Zasemchuk I V , Chamurliev N G , Vorontsova E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article defined indicators of variability of productive qualities of sheep of the Salsk breed of different age groups. In the studies, high indicators of variability in folding, living weight, wool trimming in all sex and age groups were obtained. In terms of density, length of wool, average coefficient of variability was observed, and the lowest indicators were established in terms of wool tone.
Modeling of growth and development of spruce stands in the West Siberian South taiga plain forest region
Authors: Mikhaylov P V , Shevelev S L , Sul’tson S M , Verkhovets S V , Goroshko A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taxation standards, including growth tables, play an important role in the design of forestry activities and the organization of management in forest areas, but it still cannot be argued that they fully reflect all the features of the dynamics of forest stands in various forest growing conditions. The present work is devoted to filling in the gaps in the characteristics of the growth features of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica L.) stands within the West Siberian southern taiga plain forest region. The aim of the work was to develop models of growth and development of the most common types of forests of the fir formation within the boundaries of the study area. The work is based on the materials of the mass inventory of 3491 stands, while 1367 stands belonged to the stands of the forb group of forest types, and 2124 stands to the green moss. Modeling was carried out for average height (H), average diameter (D), stock (M) of stands. As a result of the study, mathematical models of the dynamics of the taxation indicators of Siberian fir stands of two most common groups of forest types in the study area - green moss fir forests and forb fir forests - were constructed. For practical use, tables of the course of growth of modal fir stands were developed, which were supplemented with information on the age dynamics of phytomass and carbon concentration.
Influence of the canopy structure of a birch forest on the visibility of the fires below
Authors: Matelenok I V , Alekseev F A , Evdokimova E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is aimed at studying the visibility of a flame through the canopy of a birch forest, depending on the structure of the latter, and providing support for decision-making on the choice of the optimal sensing geometry for solving the problem of detecting fires in birch forests when video shooting from low altitudes. For the site located in the Priozersk district of the Leningrad region, using photographic technology, data were obtained on the frequency distribution of birch leaf inclination angles (for a hybrid of two species). The information is compared with the results of the work of other researchers. On the basis of the collected data, three-dimensional models of the canopy of various structures were constructed, suitable for simulating the radiation transfer. A set of experiments has been carried out to estimate the values of the fraction of beam penetration for light emitted by the combustion center in the direction of the sensor at different viewing angles. For individual ratios of crown sizes and distances between them, the least informative ranges of viewing angles, which should be avoided when monitoring fires, have been determined. It has been confirmed that the visibility of the flame depends on the shape and closeness of the crowns, which determine the length of the radiation path in the vegetation layer, and, to a lesser extent, on the prevailing orientation of the leaves.
Climate change is shaping oil palm breeding strategies
Authors: Rival A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The cultivation of oil crops and climate change are closely intertwined, thus revealing a complex cause-effect relationship. Many cultivation systems are affected by climate change, and in a dual way, they also contribute to climate alteration. The major agriculture-related determinants of climate change (captured by CO2 emission) are related to crop production, burning biomass residues, enteric fermentation, manure management, or synthetic fertilizers. This situation necessitates the immediate implementation of adaptation strategies at farm and landscape levels, in order to decrease vulnerabilities of individual farmers and entire agricultural economies to the adverse effects of climate change. It also requires mitigation efforts to reduce global climate change, sustain food production and maintain livelihoods. The production of palm oil, especially in South East Asia, looks particularly vulnerable: the monospecific plantation system that was designed centuries ago must now be questioned on all the aspects of its social, climatic and economic resilience. Ecological intensification is a means to achieve environmentally sustainable increases in yields by enhancing ecosystem functions that regulate and support crop production. Climate Smart Agriculture is able to increase agricultural productivity under a changing climate while reducing emissions. Specific measures for plantation management can prevent or reduce losses of important ecosystem functions. Innovative planting designs mixing selected forest and agricultural species with plantation crops are currently assessed although research is needed to document both the performance and the resilience of oil palm-based agroforestry systems. By combining simultaneous measurements of production, soil fertility, disease, climate variables, carbon storage and species’ diversity, we will understand how agroforests do not compromise production while creating benefits for climate adaptation, climate mitigation and biodiversity.
The biological control process and describe the next steps in our international collaboration with researchers in Indonesia to find appropriate natural enemies of albizia
Authors: Bitume E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Classical biological control refers to the intentional introduction of a natural enemy from the native range of an invasive species into the presumably enemy-free space of the invaded range. The objective of biocontrol is for introduced agents to establish permanently and provide long-term suppression of an invasive species, as well as the restoration of ecological balance. The island of Hawaii is negatively impacted by an invasive tree native to Indonesia, albizia (Falcataria moluccana, known locally in Indonesia as sengon or salawaku), which destroys native landscapes and threatens Hawaii businesses and homes with many millions of dollars in damage. We have completed exploratory surveys in Indonesia searching for specialist natural enemies of this invasive tree that will eventually undergo extensive host specificity and impact testing prior to release in Hawaii. Two high priority candidates for further study include gall forming eriophyid mites and a stem boring weevil. Also among early prospects is a rust fungus (Uromycladium falcatarium) that galls new growth and is a major problem for albizia plantations in the Philippines and Indonesia. Here we discuss the biological control process and describe the next steps in our international collaboration with researchers in Indonesia to find appropriate natural enemies of albizia.
Agricultural soil management to reduce N2O emission
Authors: Hatano Ryusuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
N2O is a greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing 298 times that of CO2 and is the substance that contributes most to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Current global N2O emission from the earth surface is 18.5 Tg y−1. Soil N2O emission is 13 Tg y−1, in which agricultural soil N2O emission accounts for 7 Tg y−1. N2O is produced as byproduct during nitrification process and interim product during denitrification process, mainly produced by denitrification in soils with increasing fertilizer application, as evidenced in agricultural fields. N2O emission increased significantly during the practices of fertilizer application, compost application, and harvesting, and peaked at a soil temperature of 20 °C or higher and a water-filled pore space of 60-70%. N2O emissions increased due to a decrease in soil pH. Soil pH tended to increase with the application of compost, and N2O in the compost plot decreased over time compared to the chemical fertilizer plot. This is because the optimal pH of incomplete denitrifying bacteria causing nitrous oxide emission is lower than that of complete denitrifying bacteria. Therefore, it is recognized that the pH should be 6.5 or more to suppress the N2O. In order to make better handling of compost, compost pellet has been developed, because it was found that nitrogen addition into compost pellet reduces N2O emission. N2O emission is related to the amount of inorganic nitrogen in soil. N2O emission increases with organic matter decomposition in soil and nitrogen fertilizer application. In organic soil (peat), huge N2O emission of several 100 kgN ha−1 y−1 was found in vegetable fields in a tropical peat land. Organic matter decomposition increases with drop of ground water table level, enhancing N2O emission. An eight-year oil palm plantation study at a tropical peat land showed that NO3- N concentration decreased and N2O emissions decreased with the increase in oil palm yield. The yield of oil palm increased with the increase of water-filled pore space of the soil and N2O significantly decreased when the water-filled pore space became more than 70%. Therefore, following three managements are recommended to reduce N2O emission from agricultural soil: 1) Restrict excessive nitrogen application (apply nitrogen according to the amount of nitrogen taken up by crops); 2) Prevent excessive organic matter decomposition (maintain capillary water rise without excessively decreasing ground water table level in peatlands); 3) Prevent low pH of soil (apply compost to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application).
Transformation agriculture economics sustainability on commodity crops
Authors: Ayob M A B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discussed on transformation economics sustainability for commodity crops such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa and coconut. In recent years there has been growing awareness of the need for more sustainable production across many agricultural commodity supply chains, including palm oil and others commodity crops.. For example, oil palm is more productive than any other edible oil. Rapid expansion of oil palm plantation at present with 72.27 millions metric tonnes of global palm oil production in 2019 lead the vegetable oils and fats industry This made others commodity crops were decresed and shrink due to concentration on palm oil industry. In adddition the high cost of agriculture input and negative perception on agriculture contribute high impact on participation of labour in agriculture sector especially youth which concern about the negative impacts in agriculture career. However large scale agricultural expansion has led to increasing efforts to promote sustainability across a range of agricultural supply chains for others commodity crops and this will effect the livelihoood of socio economics for smallholders, owners and plantation workers. Transformation of ecosystem on new approached of clustering support from research until to marketing strategy will be discussed. This included future direction, opportunities, issues and challenges also will be touched in this paper to sustain the commodity crops in future.
The role of humic substances to improve degraded soils for increasing crops production
Authors: Suwardi  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the main problems of lowering crops production on degraded soils is the low soil organic matter. Application of humic substances may improve the quality of degraded soils. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of humic substances application on the production of rice, water spinach, sweet potato, and oil palm, and to describe the mechanism of increasing crops production due to the application of humic substances. In this study, the humic substances were extracted from soft brown coal using a strong base KOH. Humic substances in difference doses are applied to various soil types for several crops. The results showed that application of humic substances increased the production of rice, water spinach, sweet potato, and oil palm. The highest production increase is obtained with a dose of 10-15 liters of the humic substance/ha with a carrier zeolite of 10-20 kg/liter of humic substances. The application of humic substances to soils increases the nutrients available in the soils as well as the the growth of plant roots so that plants can absorb more nutrients from the soils.
Consumer preference for some genotypes of ornamental chili (Capsicum spp.) population F2
Authors: Alfauzaan DF , Warid  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of ornamental chili plants from several genotypes in the F2 population by consumer desires. This research performed using a single plant method. The planted community consists of all the elders (P) and crossing results. This study uses survey techniques and questionnaires as research aids in obtaining ornamental chili character information that is the public likes. Consumer preference test results (I) against 14 genotypes show that the average consumer most wants TR 23 x TR 25U (1) in some of the characters tested: the leaf color, habitus, and fruit color characters. Genotype TR23 x TR 25U (1) has a dark green leaf color character with a scale of 5 based on the IRRI Leaf Color Chart, a compact habitus, and has two color changes in the fruit, green-red and purple-red. Based on the results of the consumer preference test (II) on four genotypes, it shows that there is no difference in the average value of consumer preferences in the genotypes TR 23B x Ayesha (3), TR 25U, and TR 25 x Ayesha (2) in the characters tested.
Farmers’ perceptions and knowledge on chrysanthemum pests and its management in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hutapea D , Hidayat P , Dadang  , Sartiami D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sustainable pest management on greenhouse crops should be based on farmers’ perspectives, obstacles, and technical knowledge. A survey of 41 farmer households that producing chrysanthemum was conducted to identify pest problems that were considered most important by farmers and identify knowledge of insecticides used in pest management. The respondents were chosen purposively based on easiness encountered in the greenhouse from the three districts of chrysanthemum production centers (Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi) in West Java Province. The data were collected through group discussion techniques and individual interviews using a questionnaire and then analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that among the pests, mostly farmers (90%) perceived that thrips were the main pest. Regarding to control pests, all farmers used insecticides thrice a week, and the most insecticide groups applied were avermectin, cyromazine, organophosphate, diafenthiuron, neonicotinoid, and pyrethroid. The determination of insecticides was based on farmers’ own past experiences, other farmers’ experiences, and suggestions from pesticide retailers. Even though the pesticides were implemented intensively, most farmers (78%) were unsatisfied with the effectiveness of control. Understanding farmers’ knowledge dealing with pests and their impacts is baseline information to develop sustainable pest management on chrysanthemum under greenhouse conditions.
The impact of the economic crisis on Indonesian palm oil exports: a long term simulation analysis
Authors: Mawardati  , Jamilah  , Syamni Ghazali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on Indonesia’s palm oil exports. The relationship between factors in palm oil trade was analyzed using the simultaneous equation system model and estimated using the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. This research uses time-series data (years 2000 - 2018). The results showed that Indonesia’s economic growth contracted up to 5.32% leading to an economic recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the United States-China trade war which caused Indonesia’s palm oil exports to decline significantly. However, the increase in domestic palm oil consumption is thought to be due to lower palm oil prices and the implementation of domestic industrial policies. In this condition, the depreciation of the rupiah (11%) and the reduction in import tariffs for palm oil from trading partner countries are predicted to be able to improve the performance of Indonesia’s palm oil exports, but still low in net compared to conditions of average economic growth. This proves that the reduction in export tariffs (Indonesia) and import tariffs (trading partners) during the depreciation of the Rupiah due to contraction in economic growth can improve the performance of Indonesia’s palm oil exports.
Poverty alleviation model in communities peatland areas of Jambi Province
Authors: Wahyuni I , Suandi  , Edison  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to analyze the poverty alleviation model in communities peatland areas of Jambi Province. The research design was a cross-sectional and conducted in two selected districts in Jambi Province, namely: Tanjung Jabung Timur and Tanjung Jabung Barat Districts. This research was conducted from July to December 2018. Data collection was carried out by writing a structured questionnaire consisting of family characteristics, family income, social capital, and household resource management. The number of respondents was 180 households, which was taken by simple random sampling. The data collected will be tested with a descriptive approach and SEM with the Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program. The results showed that the income of the community in the peatland area of Jambi Province was Rp. 4,781,000,000, - or income sufficiently. The results of the analysis show that social capital and family resource management have a positive and significant effect on food security and poverty alleviation. Therefore, the poverty alleviation model in peatland areas is by utilizing social capital resources and managing family resources.