bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphibian regeneration and mammalian cancer: Similarities and contrasts from an evolutionary biology perspective
Authors: Corradetti Bruna , Dogra Prashant , Pisano Simone , Wang Zhihui , Ferrari Mauro , Chen Shu‐hsia , Sidman Richard L. , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Cristini Vittorio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere we review and discuss the link between regeneration capacity and tumor suppression comparing mammals (embryos versus adults) with highly regenerative vertebrates. Similar to mammal embryo morphogenesis, in amphibians (essentially newts and salamanders) the reparative process relies on a precise molecular and cellular machinery capable of sensing abnormal signals and actively reprograming or eliminating them. As the embryo's evil twin, tumor also retains common functional attributes. The immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining a physiological balance to provide surveillance against tumor initiation or to support its initiation and progression. We speculate that susceptibility to cancer development in adult mammals may be determined by the loss of an advanced regenerative capability during evolution and believe that gaining mechanistic insights into how regenerative capacity linked to tumor suppression is postnatally lost in mammals might illuminate an as yet unrecognized route to cancer treatment.
How to become a crab: Phenotypic constraints on a recurring body plan
Authors: Wolfe Joanna M. , Luque Javier , Bracken‐Grissom Heather D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA fundamental question in biology is whether phenotypes can be predicted by ecological or genomic rules. At least five cases of convergent evolution of the crab‐like body plan (with a wide and flattened shape, and a bent abdomen) are known in decapod crustaceans, and have, for over 140 years, been known as “carcinization.” The repeated loss of this body plan has been identified as “decarcinization.” In reviewing the field, we offer phylogenetic strategies to include poorly known groups, and direct evidence from fossils, that will resolve the history of crab evolution and the degree of phenotypic variation within crabs. Proposed ecological advantages of the crab body are summarized into a hypothesis of phenotypic integration suggesting correlated evolution of the carapace shape and abdomen. Our premise provides fertile ground for future studies of the genomic and developmental basis, and the predictability, of the crab‐like body form.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer: State of the art
Authors: Kang Jin , Zhang Chao , Zhong Wen‐Zhao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer mortality has decreased over the past decade and can be partly attributed to advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rapidly evolved from investigational drugs to standard of care for the treatment of metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, antibodies that block inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1), have revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, when administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is associated with higher response rates, improved overall survival (OS), and increased tolerability compared with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. These benefits may increase the utility of immunotherapy and its combinational use with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of patients with NSCLC. Early findings from various ongoing clinical trials suggest that neoadjuvant ICIs alone or combined with chemotherapy may significantly reduce systemic recurrence and improve long‐term OS or cure rates in resectable NSCLC. Here we further summarize the safety and efficacy of various neoadjuvant treatment regimens including immunotherapy from ongoing clinical trials and elaborate the role of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC. In addition, we discuss several unresolved challenges, including the evaluations to assess neoadjuvant immunotherapy response, the role of adjuvant treatment after neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the efficacy of treatment for oncogenic‐addicted tumors, and predictive biomarkers. We also provide our perspective on ways to overcome current obstacles and establish neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a standard of care.
Retrospective evaluation of single patient investigational new drug (IND) requests in pediatric oncology
Authors: Shulman David S. , Kiwinda Lulla V. , Edwards Stacey , Clinton Catherine M. , Hunt Sarah , Greenspan Lianne , Lawler Kristen D. , Reaman Gregory , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Bona Kira , O'Neill Allison F. , Shusterman Suzanne , Janeway Katherine A. , Place Andrew E. , Chi Susan N. , Ma Clement , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle patient Investigational New Drug (IND) applications are one mechanism through which experimental therapies are accessed for children with cancer. The landscape of use, outcomes, and toxicity from single patient INDs remains unknown in pediatric oncology.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all single patient INDs requested and prescribed at a single institution between 1/1/2007 and 5/1/2019. We report aggregate data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on single patient IND applications over the final two years of the study (2017–2019). We report an overview of all IND applications, as well as clinical descriptions of patients, treatments, outcomes, and toxicity.ResultsOver the 2‐year period, the FDA approved all 171 submitted single patient IND requests for pediatric oncology. We identified 56 requests from our center during the 12‐year study period, and all were approved (median time from FDA submission to approval: 1 day (range 0–12)). 71% of requests were based on disease histology. Lack of pediatric clinical trial (65%) was the most common reason for use. 48 approved requests were ultimately administered. The median duration of treatment was 84 days (range: 4–1590), with 3 patients remaining on treatment at time of analysis. Only 7% discontinued treatment due to toxicity. Three‐year overall survival was 50% (95% CI, 35–64).ConclusionsSingle patient INDs in pediatric oncology were universally approved in our national and single‐center analysis. In our cohort, single patient INDs were primarily utilized based on disease histology, rather than genomics, for agents that lacked a clinical trial.
The parallel evolution of competency‐based education in medical and higher education
Authors: Vasquez John A. , Marcotte Kayla , Gruppen Larry D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCompetency‐Based Education (CBE) programs have developed differently within higher education and medical education systems, yet both systems face challenges when bridging the gap between theory and practice. Both medicine and higher education face the challenge of adapting CBE programs for learners who begin the program with different configurations of knowledge and skillsets and learn at different rates. Additional challenges include, but are not limited to standard setting, time variability within programs for student learning, defining competencies, and training faculty to develop and assess CBE programs. This article argues there is much higher education programs can learn about defining competencies, assessing performance, and curriculum design by understanding how CBE is implemented in medical education. We also provide an overview of how CBE in medical education (CBE‐ME) has evolved compared to CBE in higher education (CBE‐HE), including examples of how medical education has addressed defining competency issues, assessing competence, and standard setting.
A Unified Research Data Infrastructure for Catalysis Research – Challenges and Concepts
Authors: Wulf Christoph , Beller Matthias , Boenisch Thomas , Deutschmann Olaf , Hanf Schirin , Kockmann Norbert , Kraehnert Ralph , Oezaslan Mehtap , Palkovits Stefan , Schimmler Sonja , Schunk Stephan A. , Wagemann Kurt , Linke David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModern research methods produce large amounts of scientifically valuable data. Tools to process and analyze such data have advanced rapidly. Yet, access to large amounts of high‐quality data remains limited in many fields, including catalysis research. Implementing the concept of FAIR data (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) in the catalysis community would improve this situation dramatically. The German NFDI initiative (National Research Data Infrastructure) aims to create a unique research data infrastructure covering all scientific disciplines. One of the consortia, NFDI4Cat, proposes a concept that serves all aspects and fields of catalysis research. We present a perspective on the challenging path ahead. Starting out from the current state, research needs are identified. A vision for a integrating all research data along the catalysis value chain, from molecule to chemical process, is developed. Respective core development topics are discussed, including ontologies, metadata, required infrastructure, IP, and the embedding into research community. This Concept paper aims to inspire not only researchers in the catalysis field, but to spark similar efforts also in other disciplines and on an international level.
Correlation of ultrasound, cytological, and histological features of 110 benign BI‐RADS categories 4C and 5 nonpalpable breast lesions. The Institut Curie's experience
Authors: Farras Roca Josep A. , Tardivon Anne , Thibault Fabienne , Rouzier Roman , Klijanienko Jerzy 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the pathological and ultrasound (US) features of benign nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs) classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category 4C or 5.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2007, 849 consecutive NPBLs detected at US and classified as BI‐RADS category 4C (505) or 5 (344) initially underwent US‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) at our institution. Benign diagnoses were established according to surgical excision findings or during a minimal 6‐month imaging follow‐up (mean, 3.7 years [SD, 2.6 years]). US BI‐RADS features were reviewed and compared retrospectively using a chi‐square test for the following pathological categories: epithelial and fibrous proliferation (EFP), cystic and papillary lesion (C&P), inflammatory lesion (IL), benign tumor (BT), intramammary lymph node (ILN), intraepithelial proliferative lesion (IPL), and nonspecific morphological alteration (NMA). The performance of FNA in the diagnosis of benignity was assessed.ResultsOf 849 NPBLs, 110 (12.9%) NPBLs were benign: 88 (17.4%) were BI‐RADS category 4C, and 22 (6.4%) were BI‐RADS category 5. Forty‐four (40%) were EFPs, 21 (19%) were C&Ps, 13 (12%) were NMAs, 11 (10%) were ILs, 11 (10%) were BTs, 8 (7%) were IPLs, and 2 (2%) were ILNs. Lesion shape, US pattern distribution, and posterior features showed statistically significant differences between these categories (P < .05): 33 (75%) EFPs exhibited posterior shadowing, 18 (86%) C&Ps were homogenous, 9 (82%) ILs were heterogeneous, 11 (100%) BTs were homogeneous, 9 (82%) BTs were oval, and 6 (75%) IPLs were irregularly shaped. Of the 110 benign NPBLs, FNA diagnosis was falsely positive in 7 (6%), suspicious in 10 (9%), and benign in 90 (82%), and 3 (3%) were inadequate for diagnosis.ConclusionA diverse array of benign NPBLs can be classified as BI‐RADS category 4C or 5 on US, each showing specific imaging presentations.
Surrogate‐based multi‐objective design optimization of a coronary stent: Altering geometry toward improved biomechanical performance
Authors: Ribeiro Nelson S. , Folgado João , Rodrigues Hélder C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to solve a multi‐objective optimization on a representative coronary stent platform with the goal of finding new geometric designs with improved biomechanical performance. The following set of metrics, calculated via finite element models, was used to quantify stent performance: vessel injury, radial recoil, bending resistance, longitudinal resistance, radial strength and prolapse index. The multi‐objective optimization problem was solved with the aid of surrogate‐based algorithms; for comparison and validation purposes, four surrogate‐based multi‐objective optimization algorithms (EIhv‐EGO, Phv‐EGO, ParEGO and SMS‐EGO) with a limited sample budget were employed and their results compared. The quality of the non‐dominated solution sets outputted by each algorithm was assessed against four quality indicators: hypervolume, R2, epsilon and generational distance. Results showed that Phv‐EGO was the algorithm that exhibited the best performance in overall terms. Afterwards, the highest quality Pareto front was chosen for an in‐depth analysis of the optimization results. The amount of correlation and conflict was quantified for each pair of objective functions. Next, through cluster analysis, one was able to identify families of solutions with similar performance behavior and to discuss the nature of the existent trade‐offs between objectives, and the trends between design parameters and solutions in a biomechanical perspective. In the end, a constrained‐based design selection was performed with the goal of finding solutions in the Pareto front with equal or better performance in all objectives against a baseline design.
Multifeature fusion action recognition based on key frames
Authors: Zhao Yuerong , Guo Hongbo , Gao Ling , Wang Hai , Zheng Jie , Zhang Kan , Zheng Yong 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAs an important technology in computer vision, video‐based human action recognition has a great commercial value, which has attracted extensive attention in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition in both academia and industry. To date, there are a wide variety of applications of human action recognition, such as surveillance, robotics, health care, video searching, and human–computer interaction. However, there are many challenges involved in human action recognition in videos, such as cluttered backgrounds, occlusions, viewpoint variation, execution rate, and camera motion. However, data redundancy and single feature were largely limited the accuracy of human action recognition. In this article, adopting the key frame extraction and multifeature fusion techniques, a novel action recognition method was proposed, which can improve the recognition accuracy. The main works are as follows: 1) in order to solve the problem of data redundancy, a key frame extraction method based on node contribution weighting is proposed to extract video key frames; 2) different kinds of information flows are extracted from the obtained key frame sequences, and different convolutional neural networks are used to obtain corresponding classification results and merge, so as to better complement the information in different flows. Lastly, the experimental results show that our method improves the accuracy of action recognition.
Electrochemical Production of Formic Acid from CO2 with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide‐Assisted Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Qiu Yanling , Xu Wenbin , Yao Pengfei , Zheng Qiong , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC) to valuable chemicals has attracted extensive attention. However, the relatively low selectivity and efficiency of the reaction remain challenges. In this study, Cu electrodes derived from Cu2O with predominant (111) facets are synthesized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐assisted preparation. The optimized electrode shows a high faradaic efficiency of 90 % for HCOOH obtained by ERC at −2.0 V (vs.SCE), which surpasses most reported Cu electrodes. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the catalytic activity and the thickness of the Cu2O layer, the catalytic activity of the unit active site on the Cu2O‐derived Cu electrodes is found to be higher than that on the blank Cu electrode. DFT calculations indicate that OCHO* would be produced preferentially over *COOH in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This deduction is verified by testing of the effects of CTAB and KBr addition on HCOO− selectivity.
A phase I study of anti‐BCMA CAR T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Li Chunrui , Cao Wenyue , Que Yimei , Wang Qiuxiang , Xiao Yi , Gu Chaojiang , Wang Di , Wang Jue , Jiang Lijun , Xu Hao , Xu Jinhuan , Zhou Xiaoxi , Hong Zhenya , Wang Na , Huang Liang , Zhang Shangkun , Chen Liting , Mao Xia , Xiao Min , Zhang Wei , Meng Li , Cao Yang , Zhang Tongcun , Li Jian , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRelapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) patients and primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) have an unfavorable prognosis and no effective treatment. This study was designed to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of a novel anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell in R/R MM and PCL.MethodsBetween February 22, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 28 R/R and two R/R primary PCL patients received a median dose of 11.2 × 106 CAR+ cells/kg. The subjects were refractory to a proteasome inhibitor and/or an immunomodulatory agent. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide were given as lymphodepletion chemotherapy.ResultsResults for these 30 consecutive patients who received an anti‐BCMA CAR T cell infusion are reported. The patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy. A total of 44 different types of adverse events were recorded, and hematologic toxic effects were the most common events of any grade during treatment. Hematologic toxic effects were also the most common events of grade 3 or higher. A total of 29 patients (96.7%) had cytokine release syndrome, which was of grade 1 or 2 in 24 patients (80%) and grade 3 in five patients (16.7%). Neurologic toxic effects only occurred in one patient (3.3%) and were of grade 1. The objective response rate was 90%, and the complete response rate was 43.3%. With a median follow‐up of 12.6 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 5.2 months and 14.0 months. One of the two primary PCL achieved a complete response with a PFS of 307 days. The other patients achieved a very good partial response with a PFS of 117 days.ConclusionsAnti‐BCMA CAR T cell treatment is safe and highly active in R/R multiple myeloma.
Continuous versus intermittent use of furosemide in patients with heart failure and moderate chronic renal dysfunction
Authors: Zheng Zhigui , Jiang Xinxin , Chen Jianguo , He Dongyuan , Xie Xiaohui , Lu Yunan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThere is paucity of clinical data comparing continuous infusion (CI) with bolus injection (BI) of intravenous loop diuretics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and chronic renal dysfunction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of CI versus BI intravenous furosemide administration in patients with ADHF and moderate chronic renal insufficiency.Methods and resultsAcute decompensated heart failure and moderate chronic renal insufficiency [with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15.0–44.9 mL/min/1.73 m2] were randomized to start intravenous furosemide by BI or by a 6 h CI. End points included freedom from congestion at 72 h, the degree of dyspnoea assessed using the 0–10 Borg's category ratio scale, net daily urine output, weight loss during the study, length of hospital stay, total urinary sodium excretion, and development of acute kidney injury or electrolyte disturbance. After 72 h of treatment, the rate of the primary endpoint of freedom from congestion in the CI group was significantly higher than that in the BI group (69.05% vs. 43.59%, P = 0.02). The modified Borg scale indicated patients in the CI group had lower dyspnoea score than those in the BI group at 48 h (4.29 ± 1.23 vs. 5.97 ± 1.56; P = 0.02) and 72 h (1.15 ± 0.35 vs. 2.66 ± 0.83; P = 0.003). There were other significant differences favouring the CI group with regard to net urine output at 72 h (5145.98 ± 621.37 mL vs. 3755.95 ± 456.93 mL; P = 0.007), the mean body weight loss (4.72 ± 1.01 kg vs. 3.53 ± 0.73 kg; P = 0.02) and the total urinary sodium excretion (385.05 ± 38.15 vs. 320.33 ± 37.67; P = 0.02). The length of hospitalization in the CI group was significantly shorter than that in the BI group (10.36 ± 4.20 days vs. 15.68 ± 6.15 days; P = 0.02). No significant differences were observed between groups in the frequency of acute kidney injury, tinnitus, electrolyte disturbance or mortality.ConclusionsContinuous intravenous infusion of furosemide resulted in significantly greater diuresis than bolus administration of an equal dose in patients with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and ADHF, while no differences emerged in terms of side effects or mortality.
Synthesis of Azolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions under Mild, Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Mazars François , Hrubaru Madalina , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , Delaude Lionel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwelve imidazolium‐, imidazolinium‐, or benzimidazolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate zwitterions with aliphatic or aromatic substituents on their nitrogen atoms, including four new unsymmetrical 1‐alkyl‐3‐arylimidazolium derivatives, were obtained in high yields (62–96 %) upon reaction of azolium salts with CS2 and Cs2CO3 in acetonitrile at room temperature. Compared to the previous strategies devised for the synthesis of NHC⋅CS2 betaines, this novel procedure relied on an innocuous, weak base and could be applied under mild aerobic conditions. All the new compounds were fully characterized by various analytical techniques and the molecular structures of two of them were determined by XRD analysis. An associative mechanism involving the concerted reaction of the azolium salts with both CS2 and CO32− was tentatively proposed to account for the formation of the zwitterionic adducts without the intervention of free carbenes. This would explain the good results obtained with a weak inorganic base that lacks the strength needed to deprotonate the azolium salt substrates.