bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of whey protein‐ and xanthan‐based coating on the viability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus and physiochemical, textural, and sensorial properties of yogurt
Authors: Khorshidi Mina , Heshmati Ali , Taheri Mehdi , Karami Mostafa , Mahjub Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the viability of microencapsulated and coated Lactobacillus acidophilus in yogurt during storage in a refrigerator for 28 days and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the microencapsulated and coated L. acidophilus on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of yogurt was assessed. Lactobacillus acidophilus was microencapsulated in sodium alginate and coated with xanthan and/or whey protein. The coating led to the increase in the microcapsule diameter and the microencapsulation yield, while it led to the decreased moisture and water activity (aw) of the microcapsule. The survival of L. acidophilus microcapsule coated with whey protein and xanthan in yogurt during storage and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions was significantly increased. Compared with free bacteria, the L. acidophilus microcapsule coated with whey protein and xanthan had the increased viability in yogurt until 2.16 log CFU/g during storage and 3.52 log CFU/g in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. After the 28th day of storage, a significant difference between the acidity and pH of yogurt containing coated and microencapsulated L. acidophilus and control yogurt was not observed. However, yogurt containing free L. acidophilus had lower pH and higher acidity and showed a significant difference (p < .05) with other samples. Although the coating of L. acidophilus microcapsule did not affect the sensory properties and gumminess of yogurt, it increased the firmness, adhesiveness, and viscosity of this product and caused a significant decrease in syneresis and cohesiveness. In general, the application of whey protein and xanthan coating on L. acidophilus microcapsule surface could increase the viability of this probiotic in yogurt during storage and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and improve the texture attributes of yogurt.
Delivering health insurance through informal financial groups: Evidence on moral hazard and adverse selection
Authors: Sheth Ketki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoral hazard and adverse selection are potential explanations for missing health insurance in low‐income countries. In recent years, informal financial institutions have attempted to complete health insurance markets by offering micro health insurance (MHI). We evaluate an MHI offered through informal financial institutions (Self‐Help Groups) in Maharashtra, India. Exploiting random assignment of when villages were offered the MHI, we do not find support for MHI increasing health care utilization. In contrast, we do find evidence for adverse selection: enrollees are significantly more likely than non‐enrollees to report poor health prior to the introduction of MHI. This adverse selection persists even when the MHI is offered as a group insurance to Self‐Help Groups, as opposed to individual insurance. Our results suggest that MHI offered through informal financial groups may not suffer from moral hazard, but does fall short of eliminating adverse selection.
In vivo autophagy quantification: Measuring LC3 and P62 puncta in 3D image system from zebrafish larvae
Authors: Elbialy Abdalla 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutophagy is a central pathway in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. Detection of LC3 protein levels by immunofluorescence or western blot analysis is one of the most common ways to measure autophagy. For quantitative autophagy analysis, LC3 western blot analysis is commonly used, whereas immunostaining is used for qualitative autophagy analysis. However, zebrafish larvae have a lot of proteases that rapidly degrade LC3 protein in samples. P62 is another autophagy marker that bind to damaged proteins and can reflects autophagic status. This study demonstrates a fast and accurate way to quantify autophagy from LC3 and/or P62 immunostaining images. We used a three‐dimensional analysis of whole‐mount LC3 immunostaining images of zebrafish larvae. Counting LC3 and P62 punctate by two dimensions can be used as a qualitative method for the analysis of autophagy. However, here we demonstrate that 3D image analysis can be used as a quantitative, rapid tool for monitoring autophagy in zebrafish larvae and avoiding drawbacks of LC3 western blot analysis.
“It's like a Brotherhood”: Thematic analysis of veterans’ identity processes in substance abuse recovery homes
Authors: Guerrero Mayra , Wiedbusch Elzbieta K. , Abo Mary G. , Nguyen Rebecca L. , Soto‐Nevarez Arturo , Principato Kalee , Jason Leonard A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis exploratory study aimed to understand how veterans’ social identity influenced their experiences living in Oxford Houses (OH)—the largest network of substance use recovery homes in the United States. We conducted three focus groups, with 20 veterans who were current or former OH residents. Thematic analysis revealed several ways in which participants’ veteran identity influenced their experiences living in OH, including: (1) thriving through OH organizational similarities with the military, (2) relationships with other OH residents, and (3) and growth and reintegration. The themes were interpreted using the Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change perspectives. Social identity processes were found to play an influential role in veterans’ experiences in their recovery homes and reintegration into civilian life. Findings highlight the importance of veterans developing a community within a culturally congruent setting to facilitate their recovery from substance use disorders and adjustment to life post‐military service.
Clinical and prognostic role of sarcopenia in elderly patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicentre experience
Authors: Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Albano Domenico , Arcari Annalisa , Merli Francesco , Coppola Alessandra , Besutti Giulia , Marcheselli Luigi , Gramegna Doriana , Muzi Cristina , Manicone Moana , Camalori Manuela , Ciammella Patrizia , Colloca Giuseppe , Tucci Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundElderly classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) (ecHL) is a rare disease with dismal prognosis and no standard treatment. Fitness‐based approaches may help design appropriate treatments. Sarcopenia has been associated with an increased risk of treatment‐related toxicities and worse survival in various solid tumours, but its impact in ecHL is unknown. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to investigate the prognostic role of sarcopenia in ecHL.MethodsWe included newly diagnosed >64 years old cHL patients who performed a baseline comprehensive geriatric assessment and high‐dose computed tomography (CT) or 18fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT before any treatment. Sarcopenia was measured as skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2) by the analysis of high‐dose CT or low‐dose positron emission tomography/CT images at the L3 level. The specific cut‐offs for the SMI were determined by receiver operator curve analysis and compared with those proposed in literature and studied in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Survival functions [progression‐free survival [PFS] and overall survival (OS)] were calculated for the whole population and for different subgroups defined as per different sarcopenia cut‐off levels.ResultsWe included 154 patients (median age 71 years old, 76 female). The median L3‐SMI was 42 cm2/m2. The specific cut‐off derived in our male population was 45 cm2/m2; using this cut‐off, 27 male patients (35%) were defined as sarcopenic. After a median follow‐up of 5.9 years, the overall 5‐year PFS and OS rates were 53% and 65%, respectively, and were significantly shorter in sarcopenic male patients compared with non‐sarcopenic (PFS 31% vs. 61%, P = 0.008; OS 51% vs. 74%, P = 0.042). Applying diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma‐derived sarcopenic thresholds, there were no significant differences between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients for both PFS and OS, with a sole exception of a significant reduced PFS in sarcopenic male patients using Namakura cut‐off. The comprehensive geriatric assessment‐determined frail functional status was an independent adverse prognostic factor for both female and male patients.ConclusionsBaseline evaluation of sarcopenia through radiological examinations performed for ecHL staging may help define a proportion of male patients with unfavourable outcome with current treatment strategies. Also the functional status evaluation could allow to identify a frail subgroup of patients with worse outcome.
Macrophages as a “weapon” in anticancer cellular immunotherapy
Authors: Aminin Dmitry , Wang Yun‐Ming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnticancer immunotherapy is a treatment that activates the immune system to fight the tumor. Immunotherapy has several advantages over other cancer treatments in that anticancer immunotherapy displays high specificity, low side effects, and can combine with various conventional therapies. In recent years, oncologists have shown increasing interest in using macrophages for adoptive cell therapy and predict a bright future of macrophage‐directed therapy for eliminating cancer. The focus of increased research interest is the classically activated M1 macrophages exhibiting pronounced tumoricidal activity, and the alternatively activated M2 tumor‐associated macrophages, which otherwise help malignant cells evading attack by the immune system. M1 macrophages may represent an effective weapon in anticancer cellular immunotherapy, and the use of autoimmune macrophages properly prepared for antitumor administration is one of the promising ways for personalized therapy of cancer patients. The present report mainly discusses some modern aspects of the problem in application of activated M1 macrophage in anticancer therapy and reviews relevant publications up to 2021.
An unsymmetric 8‐node plane element immune to mesh distortion for linear isotropic hardening material
Authors: Chen Xiaotian , Chen Wei , Xu Jiangping , Tu Wenbin , Rajendran Sellakkutti , Lu Jinzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn 8‐node quadrilateral plane element US‐QUAD8 is developed for linear isotropic hardening material in the framework of updated Lagrangian unsymmetric finite formulation where matrix is constructed by classical shape function, and matrix by the higher‐order Lagrangian basis function in global coordinate system. The present element eliminates the influence of Jacobian in the elemental stiffness matrix and guarantees the quadratic completeness of displacement field even under severe distorted mesh. Two typical problems meshed with angular/curved‐edge/mid‐side distorted elements demonstrate excellent performance of distortion resistance of the present element and good computational efficiency in severe mesh distortion.
Enhanced access to healthcare utilization data through medical record review: Lessons learned from a community‐based, multi‐site project
Authors: Grape Annette , Wicks Mona , Tumiel‐Berhalter Laurene , Sloand Elizabeth , Rhee Hyekyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCollecting accurate healthcare utilization (HCU) data on community‐based interventions is essential to establishing their clinical effectiveness and cost‐related impact. Strategies used to enhance receiving medical records for HCU data extraction in a multi‐site longitudinal randomized control trial with urban adolescents are presented. Successful strategies included timely assessment of procedures and practice preferences for access to electronic health records and hardcopy medical charts. Repeated outreach to clinical practice sites to identify and accommodate their preferred procedure for medical record release and flexibility in obtaining chart information helped achieve a 75% success rate in this study. Maintaining participant contact, updating provider information, and continuously evaluating site‐specific personnel needs are recommended.
The effects of teacher–child racial congruence, child race, and emotion situation knowledge on teacher–child relationships and school readiness
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Shadur Julia M. , Toney Tamera 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined whether teacher–child racial congruence and child race moderated the association between children's emotion situation knowledge and the dimensions of teacher–child relationship quality (i.e., closeness, conflict, and dependency). We also investigated these dimensions as mediators linking emotion situation knowledge and later school readiness. Participants were 303 White and African American preschoolers and their teachers who were also racially diverse. For White preschoolers, teacher–child closeness was more likely and teacher–child conflict and dependency were less likely when their teachers matched them in race. For African American children, teacher–child conflict and dependency were more likely when their teachers matched them in race. Emotion situation knowledge and teacher–child closeness were positively related to later school readiness. Findings are discussed in the context of recommendations for policies and practices encouraging culturally responsive, equitable, and positive social–emotional instructional approaches that motivate, support, and sustain positive teacher–child relationships in early childhood classrooms.
Resilient dynamic output feedback control for bipartite consensus of multiagent systems with Markov switching topologies
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Parivallal Arumugam , Manickavalli Subramanian , Kong Fanchao , Ren Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is systematically devoted to the problem of dynamic output feedback control for bipartite consensus of multiagent systems in the presence of Markov switching topologies. The main purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic output feedback controller with gain fluctuations such that the considered multiagent system achieves bipartite consensus. Notably, the interaction among agents of the considered system is depicted by a signed undirected Markovian switching network topologies. Pursuant to Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions will be derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to obtain the bipartite consensus of the concerned problem. At last, superiority of the designed dynamic output feedback control technique and developed theoretical results are conferred through two numerical examples.
Fatty Acid Vesicles and Coacervates as Model Prebiotic Protocells
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Douliez Jean‐Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe prebiotic organization of chemicals into compartmentalized ensembles is an essential step to understand the transition from inert molecules to living matter. Compartmentalization is indeed a central property of living systems. Fatty acids represent the simplest prebiotic amphiphiles capable of self‐assembling into membrane‐bound vesicles, and have therefore emerged as valuable molecules to create models of protocellular compartments. Here, the main experimental findings supporting this idea are reviewed, together with approaches to increase the stability of fatty acid vesicles in adverse pH, salt, or temperature conditions. Recent studies on the self‐assembly of fatty acids into membrane‐free coacervate microdroplets are then discussed, providing a promising new paradigm for prebiotic compartmentalization. Lastly, it is also argued that the unique possibility of cycling between fatty acid vesicles and coacervates paves the way to an exciting new hypothesis for the emergence of the first living protocells.
Fibrous Bundles in Biomorph Systems: Surface‐Specific Growth and Interaction with Microposts
Authors: Knoll Pamela , D'Silva Denvert S. , Adeoye Damilola I. , Roper Michael G. , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Steinbock group at Florida State University. The image shows a pseudo‐color micrograph of biomorph bundles (cyan) pushing a resin disk (red/cyan) as well as other, partly helical, structures (green). Biomorphs consist of nanostructured BaCO3 and silica. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202000061.
Renormalized holographic entanglement entropy in Lovelock gravity
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Araya Ignacio J. , Mann Robert B. , Olea Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the renormalization of Entanglement Entropy in holographic CFTs dual to Lovelock gravity. It is known that the holographic EE in Lovelock gravity is given by the Jacobson-Myers (JM) functional. As usual, due to the divergent Weyl factor in the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the boundary metric for Asymptotically AdS spaces, this entropy functional is infinite. By considering the Kounterterm renormalization procedure, which utilizes extrinsic boundary counterterms in order to renormalize the on-shell Lovelock gravity action for AAdS spacetimes, we propose a new renormalization prescription for the Jacobson-Myers functional. We then explicitly show the cancellation of divergences in the EE up to next-to-leading order in the holographic radial coordinate, for the case of spherical entangling surfaces. Using this new renormalization prescription, we directly find the C−function candidates for odd and even dimensional CFTs dual to Lovelock gravity. Our results illustrate the notable improvement that the Kounterterm method affords over other approaches, as it is non-perturbative and does not require that the Lovelock theory has limiting Einstein behavior.
Black holes and large N complex saddles in 3D-3D correspondence
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Gang Dongmin , Kim Nakwoo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the large N sign oscillation of the twisted indices for 3D theories of class ℛ obtained from M5-branes wrapped on a hyperbolic 3-manifold. Holographically, the oscillatory behavior can be understood from the imaginary part of on-shell actions for the two Euclidean supergravity solutions, Bolt± with p = 0, which are Wick rotation of magnetically charged AdS4 black holes. The two solutions have the same imaginary part with opposite sign. The imaginary part comes from the F ∧ F-term in the supergravity and the coefficient is proportional to the Chern-Simons invariant of 3-manifold. Combining the holographic computation with 3D-3D relation for twisted indices, we propose a non-trivial mathematical conjecture regarding the phase factor of a twisted Reidemeister-Ray-Singer torsion on hyperbolic 3-manifold.
Mixing and combustion at low heat release in large eddy simulations of a reacting shear layer
Authors: Huang J. X. , McMullan W. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the mixing and combustion at low-heat release in a turbulent mixing layer are studied numerically using large eddy simulation. The primary aim of this paper is to successfully replicate the flow physics observed in experiments of low-heat release reacting mixing layers, where a duty cycle of hot structures and cool braid regions was observed. The nature of the imposed inflow condition shows a dramatic influence on the mechanisms governing entrainment, and mixing, in the shear layer. An inflow condition perturbed by Gaussian white noise produces a shear layer which entrains fluid through a nibbling mechanism, which has a marching scalar probability density function where the most probable scalar value varies across the layer, and where the mean-temperature rise is substantially over-predicted. A more sophisticated inflow condition produced by a recycling and rescaling method results in a shear layer which entrains fluid through an engulfment mechanism, which has a non-marching scalar probability density function where a preferred scalar concentration is present across the thickness of the layer, and where the mean-temperature rise is predicted to a good degree of accuracy. The latter simulation type replicates all of the flow physics observed in the experiment. Extensive testing of subgrid-scale models, and simple combustion models, shows that the WALE model coupled with the Steady Laminar Flamelet model produces reliable predictions of mixing layer diffusion flames undergoing with fast chemistry.
WWII traumatic events, subjective well-being and valuation of life in the very old
Authors: Hauber Daniel , Kaspar Roman , Zank Susanne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Experiencing war is a major trigger for physical and mental health problems. People in the German population who are currently over 80 years of age experienced the Second World War (WWII) as children or adolescents, at a time when psychological vulnerability is high. Empirical results show that positive subjective well-being (SWB) and valuation of life (VoL) in older cohorts are widespread; however, when confronted with existential age-associated changes, many older adults experience increased burden, sometimes bringing biographical vulnerabilities to the forefront. This study investigated SWB and VoL in the very old and examined the influence of negative WWII experiences on these outcomes.

Method
Cross-sectional data from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” are presented. Multiple regression models, adjusted for gender, age, physical health, and full inpatient care, were computed to assess the impact of suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic experiences on SWB and VoL.

Results
Over 13% spontaneously reported suffering from the effects of WWII events and an additional 29% reported negative experiences when explicitly asked about them. Multiple regression models showed elevated depression scores for participants suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic events. No association with positive affect was found. Suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic events did not influence VoL engagement with life or VoL optimism.

Discussion
Many very old adults still seem to struggle with the repercussions of WWII traumatic experiences. Future studies could further examine if the missing association with positive affect and VoL is a sign of resilience.