bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on high temperature model based on the n-Channel planar 4H-SiC MOSFET
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Tang Xiaoyan , Pu Shi , Zhang Yimeng , Zhang Hang , Zhang Yuming , Bo Song 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
To use the 4H-SiC material in integrated circuits for high temperature application, an accurate and simple circuit model of n-channel planar 4H-SiC MOSFET is required.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a SPICE model of n-channel planar 4H-SiC MOSFET was built based on the device simulation results and measurement results. Firstly, a device model was simulated with Sentaurus TCAD, with measured parameters from fabricated planar 4H-SiC MOSFET previously. Then the device simulation results were analyzed and parameters for SPICE models were extracted. With these parameters, an accurate SPICE model was built and simulated.

Findings
The SPICE model exhibits the same performance as the measured results with different environment temperatures. The simulation results indicate that the maximum fitting error is 0.22 mA (7.33% approximately) at 200 °C. A common-source amplifier with this model is also simulated and the simulated gain is stable at different environment temperatures.

Originality/value
This paper provides a reliable modeling method for n-Channel Planar 4H-SiC MOSFET and reference value for the design of 4H-SiC high temperature integrated circuit.
Exploring the potential causes of HIV prevalence among young women in South Africa: a critical literature review
Authors: Zakeyo Karin , Nyashanu Mathew 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the potential causes of HIV prevalence among young women in South Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa (SA) has the largest HIV pandemic in the world with approximately 7.2 million people living with HIV as of 2017. There is a disproportionate incidence of HIV between women and men, particularly affecting young women 15–24 years of age. This paper reviewed 10 articles on the impact of HIV in SA among young women.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 10 articles on HIV in SA were selected for review using academic databases including Library One Search Pro, Google Scholar, the British Medical Journal and Elsevier. The search generated 11,095 articles, which were narrowed down to 10 by the criteria of being specific to gender and age and publication period.

Findings
Five themes were identified from the findings as to the potential causes of HIV prevalence among young women these included age-disparate relationships, social factors and sexual behaviour. Impact of HIV on communities and individuals, gender and patriarchy including poverty and social isolation.

Originality/value
The paper shows the impact of inequalities between men and women leading to HIV infection among young women. It also shows some gaps that require further research with regards to HIV infections among young women.
From social marketing and service-dominant logic to engagement in mindfulness practice: a field experiment
Authors: dos Santos Carolina Pantuza Vilar , Lopes Evandro Luiz , Dias Julia Costa , de Andrade André Gustavo Pereira , Matos Celso Augusto , Veiga Ricardo Teixeira 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Based on the assumption of the service-dominant logic (S-D logic) that every exchange is service-for-service and on the relevance of the beneficiary’s role in the co-creation of value, this paper aims to investigate the effects of engagement in the context of social marketing, where the value proposition is an invitation to practice mindfulness.

Design/methodology/approach
A field experiment was carried out with 72 volunteers, using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The treatment applied was a set of strategies to increase the engagement of the participants to attain a better result in five dependent variables associated mainly with the benefits of mindfulness practice. Measurements were made from a profile analysis, and submitted to Mann-Whitney and t-tests.

Findings
A large effect of group and time factors were observed in the multivariate test, as well as differences in the co-creation of value between groups.

Originality/value
This study can contribute to stimulate experimental transdisciplinary research in humans, using concepts from S-D logic and social marketing to promote positive behavioral change. This approach is probably more efficient at explaining and improving human behavior, given its complex nature.
Functional, temporal and spatial complementarity in mammal‐fungal spore networks enhances mycorrhizal dispersal following forest harvesting
Authors: Stephens Ryan B. , Frey Serita D. , D'Amato Anthony W. , Rowe Rebecca J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Animals that disperse plant or fungal propagules following forest disturbances, including timber harvests, play an important role during forest regeneration by dispersing seeds or spores from intact communities to disturbed sites. Determining how complementary or redundant animal species are as dispersers of propagules is key to understanding the stability of dispersal dynamics and informing management practices.

Here we examine the functional, temporal and spatial components of mycorrhizal fungal spore dispersal by small mammals (rodents and shrews) following timber harvest. We tracked the interactions of seven mammal species and 34 fungal taxa composed of two mycorrhizal functional types, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (ECM), in 11 patch cuts (0.4 ha) distributed across hardwood and mixedwood forest in the north‐eastern United States. Over a 2‐year period directly following harvests, we measured the relative contribution of mammal species to spore dispersal using networks that integrated mammal abundance with spore loads in scat. We also measured species‐specific microhabitat associations.

Mammals were complementary in their dispersal of AM and ECM fungal spores. However, within AM dispersal networks, mammals were redundant, with asynchrony in mammal population fluctuations among years leading to changes in the relative importance of mammal species. Comparatively, ECM fungal spore consumption and dispersal was primarily provided by one rodent species (Myodes gapperi), resulting in dispersal networks that were highly specialized. This indicates that AM spore dispersal is more robust to changes in mammal community turnover compared to ECM spore dispersal.

Mammal species varied from having no microhabitat associations to associating with a variety of different forest structure and ground cover conditions, indicating that species play different roles from broadcasting spores widely to depositing spores in discrete locations. By preserving microhabitat characteristics that are associated with small mammals in harvested areas, particularly downed wood and patches of pre‐harvest vegetation, forest managers can help maintain dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Screening and activity assessing of phosphorus availability improving microorganisms associated with bamboo rhizosphere in subtropical China
Authors: Xing Yijing , Shi Wenhui , Zhu Ying , Wang Fucheng , Wu Hangyan , Ying Yeqing 
Published: June 2021

SummaryPhosphorus‐solubilizing microorganisms (PSMicros) play vital roles in helping plants to resist phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils, while their activities may vary with site conditions. The present study investigated the microbial diversity and subsequently screened PSMicro strains from rhizosphere soils at five bamboo forests in subtropical China, among which four were developed in a same stand. The activities of the screened PSMicros were also assessed. The results showed great variation in microbial diversity among different forests. Concomitantly, a total of 52 PSMicro strains were isolated and identified to 10 bacterial genera and 4 fungal genera, with different forest rhizosphere soils containing different PSMicros and/or showing different abundances for a certain PSMicro genus, despite some PSMicros would not grow readily on plates. Different, and even the same microbial genera isolated across the five forests, varied significantly in the amount of P that they solubilized from the medium, which ranged from 18.5 to 581.33 mg L−1. Among the isolated PSMicros, species ofBacillus,Kluyvera,Buttiauxella,MeyerozymaandPenicilliumwere preponderant to liberate P from organic and inorganic P pools. This will have implications for biotechnological exploitation of microbes to alleviate P limitation in agricultural and natural systems with a sustainable green ecological approach.
Diversity of dimethylsulfide‐degrading methanogens and sulfate‐reducing bacteria in anoxic sediments along the Medway Estuary, UK
Authors: Tsola Stephania L. , Zhu Yizhu , Ghurnee Oshin , Economou Chloe K. , Trimmer Mark , Eyice Özge 
Published: June 2021

SummaryMethane is a powerful greenhouse gas but the microbial diversity mediating methylotrophic methanogenesis is not well‐characterized. One overlooked route to methane is via the degradation of dimethylsulfide (DMS), an abundant organosulfur compound in the environment. Methanogens and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) can degrade DMS in anoxic sediments depending on sulfate availability. However, we know little about the underlying microbial community and how sulfate availability affects DMS degradation in anoxic sediments. We studied DMS‐dependent methane production along the salinity gradient of the Medway Estuary (UK) and characterized, for the first time, the DMS‐degrading methanogens and SRB using cultivation‐independent tools. DMS metabolism resulted in high methane yield (39%–42% of the theoretical methane yield) in anoxic sediments regardless of their sulfate content. Methanomethylovorans, Methanolobus and Methanococcoides were dominant methanogens in freshwater, brackish and marine incubations respectively, suggesting niche‐partitioning of the methanogens likely driven by DMS amendment and sulfate concentrations. Adding DMS also led to significant changes in SRB composition and abundance in the sediments. Increases in the abundance of Sulfurimonas and SRB suggest cryptic sulfur cycling coupled to DMS degradation. Our study highlights a potentially important pathway to methane production in sediments with contrasting sulfate content and sheds light on the diversity of DMS degraders.
Sex‐specific role for prefrontal cortical protein interacting with C kinase 1 in cue‐induced cocaine seeking
Authors: Wickens Megan M. , Kirkland Julia M. , Knouse Melissa C. , McGrath Anna G. , Briand Lisa A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDisruption of prefrontal glutamate receptor interacting protein (GRIP), which anchors GluA2‐containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs) into the synaptic membrane, potentiates cue‐induced cocaine seeking in both males and females. Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) plays an opposing role to that of GRIP, removing AMPARs from the synapse. Consistent with our hypothesis that disruption of PICK1 in the mPFC would lead to a decrease in addiction‐like behaviour, we found that conditional deletion of PICK1 in the mPFC attenuates cue‐induced cocaine seeking in male mice. However, prefrontal PICK1 deletion had the opposite effect in females, leading to an increase in cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. We did not see any effects of PICK1 knockdown on sucrose taking or seeking, suggesting the sex‐specific effects do not generalise to natural reinforcers. These findings suggest the role of PICK1 in the prefrontal cortex of females may not be consistent with its accepted role in males. To determine whether these sex differences were influenced by gonadal hormones, we gonadectomised a cohort of males and found that removal of circulating androgens eliminated the effect of prefrontal PICK1 knockdown. As there was no effect of gonadectomy on its own on any of the behavioural measures collected, our results suggest that androgens may be involved in compensatory downstream effects of PICK1 knockdown. Taken together, these results highlight the need for consideration of sex as a biological variable when examining mechanisms underlying all behaviours, as convergent sex differences can reveal different mechanisms where behavioural sex differences do not exist.
Gonipterus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in subtropical Australia: host associations and natural enemies
Authors: Souza Natalia M , Lawson Simon A , Nahrung Helen F 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGonipterus is a genus of defoliating weevils that causes significant impact in commercially grown eucalypts in their native range in southern Australia and as invasive pests in Western Australia and several countries overseas. The diversity of species in this genus is still in the process of discovery, and in subtropical Australia, its diversity and ecological parameters are largely unknown. We surveyed Gonipterus phenology, species composition and trophic associations in South East Queensland, where little has been recorded about this genus. Surveys were conducted once a month in a non‐commercial plantation of native eucalypts, where three species of trees were sampled regularly and others checked on an ad hoc basis. On each sampling occasion, adult weevils, larvae and egg capsules were collected, adults identified, larvae reared and egg capsules individualized in small containers for emergence of larvae and parasitoids. Two peaks of egg‐laying occurred, whereas numbers of adults and larvae had only one peak each. Six species of Gonipterus were collected: two described but in need of revision, two undescribed but previously recognized and two undescribed and hitherto unrecognized, each with a different pattern of host–tree association. Three egg‐parasitoid species, Anaphes nitens, Centrodora damoni and Euderus sp. were reared from egg capsules, varying in prevalence according to the tree species from which the eggs were collected.
Screening known Cerambycidae pheromones for activity with the Peruvian fauna
Authors: Aguirre Gil Oniel J. , Paredes‐Espinosa Richard , Aguilar Briones Rosel , Mezones Alarcon Iris , Guerrero Vejarano Tania E. , Monné Marcela L. , González Andrés , Allison Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Semiochemicals are powerful tools for the surveillance and suppression of forest insects. Although the literature on the chemical ecology of and use of semiochemicals to manage the Cerambycidae is growing, little is known about the chemical ecology of Cerambycidae fauna in Peru.
Trapping studies that screen known attractants in off‐shore mitigation programs can provide valuable baseline knowledge to inform management of species introduced outside their native range.
Known Cerambycidae pheromones were screened for activity in a year‐long field study in Peru to look for activity in the local Cerambycidae fauna.
The most frequently captured species were Megacyllene andesiana (Casey), Oreodera bituberculata Bates, Aegomorphus longitarsis (Bates) and Discopus eques Bates.
The activity period of A. longitarsis, O. bituberculata and D. eques occurred in mid‐September 2020 and for M. andesiana occurred in early October 2020.
Responses to anti‐2,3‐hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate by M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D. eques were observed.
We observed antagonism of the responses of M. andesiana, O. bituberculata and D. eques when anti‐2,3‐hexanediol, fuscumol and fuscumol acetate were tested in blends.
Levels of polyphenol oxidase activity in leaves of Milicia seedlings is indicative of the resistance to Phytolyma lata‐induced gall disease
Authors: Dorleku Winfred‐Peck , Gbewonyo Winfred Seth K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phytolyma lata‐induced galling has remained one of the foremost challenges limiting the regeneration of Milicia species in nurseries and degraded forests in West Africa. Although planting of Milicia progenies resistant to Phytolyma attack has been identified as an opportunity for long‐term control of the pest, the absence of biomarkers for early detection of resistance has limited the selection of resistant seedlings for planting.
We compared phenolic metabolites and oxidative enzymes in resistant and susceptible Milicia progenies with the aim of identifying potential biomarkers for resistance to Phytolyma‐induced galling in seedlings.
Levels of total phenolics and ortho‐dihydroxyphenolics did not significantly differ between the susceptible and resistant saplings or among seedlings. Similarly, peroxidase activity did not differ among sapling progenies or among seedlings. Thus, no clearly defined role could be ascribed to phenolics and peroxidase in resistance of Milicia species to P. lata‐induced galling. However, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was over two‐fold higher in the resistant than the tolerant or susceptible progenies, suggesting that higher levels of PPO activity corresponded with an increased level of resistance to galling.
With further validation, PPO activity in leaves of Milicia seedlings can be used as a biomarker of resistance to Phytolyma‐induced galling.
Effect of depression awareness and management training on the attitudes of rural primary health care workers
Authors: Muyambi Kuda , Gillam Marianne , Dennis Shaun , Gray Richard , Martinez Lee , Jones Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the effect of depression awareness and management training on the attitudes of rural primary health care workers.DesignA repeated measures design in which participants acted as their own controls.SettingThe training program occurred in 6 locations across rural South Australia.ParticipantsThe study enrolled primary care workers in general practitioner surgeries, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations, community health centres, public hospitals, regional health services and non‐government organisations.InterventionA six‐session training workshop that was informed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for the treatment and care of people with depression.Main outcome measureThe 22‐item Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire comprised the main outcome measure. Participants were assessed 12 weeks before the training, again on the day of commencement of the training and after the training.ResultsSeventy‐two primary health workers completed the training program in depression awareness, building therapeutic relationships, working with ambivalence, and goal setting. Between the 2 pre‐training assessments mean scores showed no significant difference. There were statistically significant improvements on the overall attitudes and the subscales therapeutic optimism and professional confidence between pre‐training and post‐training.ConclusionTraining rural primary health care workers in depression may improve their attitudes to working with people living with depression.
‘When you are on your own, everything is your responsibility’: Experiences of audiologists and audiometrists working in rural Australia
Authors: Kemper Elizabeth , Willis Karen , Simpson Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the experiences of audiologists and audiometrists working in regional and remote areas of Australia.DesignA qualitative design, using telephone and videoconference semi‐structured interviews and thematic analysis.SettingRegional and remote locations across AustraliaParticipants5 audiologists and 2 audiometrists, 6 female and one male.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresInsights into the experiences of audiologists and audiometrists working in rural Australia.ResultsCore themes that emerged from analysis were (a) professional isolation and increased scope of practice, (b) the importance of social and professional networks, (c) variable access to professional support, (d) challenges in the recruitment and retention of clinicians, and (e) tensions between service provision and profitability.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into both the rewarding and challenging aspects of working as an audiologist or audiometrist in regional and remote areas. This study emphasised the need to address these challenges in order to attract more audiological professionals to work and stay in regional and remote areas of Australia.
Editorial: withdrawal of anti TNF‐alpha ‐ are we ready for biological therapy cycling?
Authors: Pugliese Daniela , Armuzzi Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Casanova et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16361 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16406
Editorial: withdrawal of anti‐TNFalpha—are we ready for biological therapy cycling? Authors' reply
Authors: Casanova María José , Chaparro María , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Casanova et al and Pugliese & Armuzzi papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16361 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16385
Consideration of the transient material behavior under variable amplitude loading in the fatigue assessment of nodular cast iron using the strain‐life approach
Authors: Hesseler Jan , Baumgartner Jörg , Bleicher Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe consideration of realistic load assumptions is important for the fatigue design of highly stressed nodular cast iron components for wind energy application. Especially in case of overloads causing elastic–plastic deformation, residual stresses may have a strong impact on fatigue life. In strain‐controlled fatigue tests with constant and variable amplitudes, the influence of overloads on lifetime was investigated. During fatigue testing, the transient material behavior, cyclic hardening, cyclic relaxation of the residual stresses, and quasi‐static creep effects of the EN‐GJS‐400‐18‐LT was recorded and evaluated. To quantify the influence of the transient material behavior on the calculated lifetime, fatigue analyses are carried out with the strain‐life approach, both with and without consideration of the transient material behavior. The results show that conservative damage sums are derived if the transient material behavior, especially the relaxation of tensile residual stresses, is neglected.