bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provincial Monarchs as an EasternArcanum Imperii: ‘Client Kingship’, the Augustan Revolution and the Flavians
Authors: Ish-Shalom Tal A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper re-examines the role of ‘client kings’ in the Roman east in the early Principate. Contrary to previous emphasis on continuity with the republican past, it proposes that Octavian-Augustus enacted a set of measures that fundamentally changed the relations of certain eastern monarchs with the imperial centre. These ‘provincial monarchs’ became a new elite of Roman administrators, personally loyal to thedomus Augustaand distinct from ‘client kings’ earlier and elsewhere. This Augustan systemisation complemented the provincial division of 27b.c.e., creating a ‘divide and rule’ dynamic between provincial monarchs and imperial legates which was expedient to the Julio-Claudians. This model is then used to challenge the view that the Flavians systematically ‘provincialised’ the east as part of a reorganisation of the frontier. It raises the alternative possibility that provincial monarchy gradually died out, following the Flavians’ realisation that its continued maintenance was detrimental to their public image in Rome.
Acute rheumatic fever in the paediatric population: a descriptive study in the Malaysian state of Sabah
Authors: Patel Farul R , Tan Jason Wy , Rao Siva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Rheumatic heart disease is among the leading causes of acquired valvular heart disease in the developing world. However, there is no data available for rheumatic heart disease in the paediatric population of Sabah. This study collected data for acute rheumatic fever admissions among the paediatric population in Sabah over a period of 3 years.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. All records for admissions to paediatric wards in Sabah for acute rheumatic fever from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. The patient records were then traced and required information were collected.Results:A total of 52 cases of acute rheumatic fever were admitted. It was observed that the incidence of acute rheumatic fever was 74.4 per 100,000 paediatric admissions. Patients from the West Coast Division made up most of the admissions (n = 24, 46.2%). Male patients (n = 35, 67.3%) of the indigenous Kadazan-Dusun ethnicity (n = 21, 40.4%) were most commonly encountered. The mean age at time of presentation was 9.58 years. Most cases admitted (n = 38, 73.1%) were categorised as Priority 1 (severe rheumatic heart disease).Conclusion:Most patients who were admitted had symptoms of heart failure and were diagnosed with severe rheumatic heart disease. Although this disease is preventable, the incidence in Sabah remains high. This study was limited as we only looked at patients who were admitted and we foresee the real incidence to be higher. Hence, there is an urgent need for a rheumatic heart disease registry in Malaysia to gather more data for prevention and early intervention.
Clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic evaluation of neonates with vitamin D deficiency due to maternal vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Cayir Atilla , Akyigit Ali , Gullu Ufuk Utku , Kahveci Hasan , Yildiz Duran , Kurnaz Erdal , Vuralli Dogus , Kaya Abdulkadir , Buyukyilmaz Gonul , Demirbilek Huseyin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:There are a few number of case reports and small-scale case series reporting dilated cardiomyopathy due to vitamin D-deficient rickets. The present study evaluates the clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic features of neonates with vitamin D deficiency.Patients and methods:In this prospective single-arm observational study, echocardiographic evaluation was performed on all patients before vitamin D3 and calcium replacement. Following remission of biochemical features of vitamin D deficiency, control echocardiography was performed. Biochemical and echocardiographic characteristics of the present cohort were compared with those of 27 previously published cases with dilated cardiomyopathy due to vitamin D deficiency.Results:The study included 148 cases (95 males). In the echocardiographic evaluation, none of the patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. All of the mothers were also vitamin D deficient and treated accordingly. Comparison of patients with normocalcaemia and hypocalcaemia at presentation revealed no statistically significant difference between the ejection fraction and shortening fraction, while left ventricle end-diastolic diameter and left ventricle end-systolic diameter were higher in patients with hypocalcaemia. Previously published historical cases were older and had more severe biochemical features of vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, in this first and largest cohort of neonates with vitamin D deficiency, we did not detect dilated cardiomyopathy. Early recognition and detection before developing actual rickets and preventing prolonged hypocalcaemia are critically important to alleviate cardiac complications.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection mimicking hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Matsuoka Ryohei , Muneuchi Jun , Ochiai Yoshie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA newborn with supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection vein presented the small left ventricle with z score of −7.5, retrograde blood supply in the transverse arch, and the dutcus-dependent systemic circulation. The patient underwent the repair of the anomalous pulmonary vein and bilateral pulmonary arterial banding soon after the birth and then transcatheter pulmonary arterial debanding at the age of 10 months because of an appropriate growth of the left ventricle.
China ‒ Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers: One Policy, Multiple Parameters Imply Modest Discipline
Authors: Ahn Dukgeun , Orden David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses key issues in the dispute over the United States’ claim that for certain grains China exceeded its limits on domestic support under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) during 2012–2015. The panel first determined that the base years for the reference price in calculating China's market price support were 1996–1998, rather than 1986–1988 as stipulated in the AoA, and that production in the geographic regions where the support programs operated, not the smaller quantities purchased at administered prices, constituted eligible production. The panel then found China had exceeded its limits in each of the four years for wheat, Indica rice, and Japonica rice. The possibility was left open that a government can determine eligible production by setting maximum purchases at support prices in its regulatory framework. China used this option to claim that its programs for 2020 implemented the recommendations and rulings of the DSB. We argue that use of outdated fixed external reference prices to measure the price gap and to define eligible production by limits on purchases, distance calculation under the AoA from economic support measurement. The measurement issues compound the discord among Members over levels of agricultural support.
Dignity therapy in Mexican lung cancer patients with emotional distress: Impact on psychological symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Gonzalez-Ling Ana , Galindo Vázquez Oscar , Rascón-Gasca María Luisa , Robles Rebeca , Chochinov Harvey Max 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the most frequent and deadly neoplasm in the world, and patients have shown a tendency to have more emotional distress than other cancer populations. Dignity Therapy (DT) is a brief intervention aimed to improve emotional well-being in patients facing life-threatening illness.ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of DT on anxiety, depression, hopelessness, emotional distress, dignity-related distress, and quality of life (QoL) in a group of Mexican patients with stage IV LC undergoing active medical treatment with baseline emotional distress.MethodIn this preliminary pretest–posttest study, patients received three sessions of DT and were evaluated with the HADS, Distress Thermometer, Patient Dignity Inventory, single-item questions, and QLQ-30.ResultsIn total, 24 out of 29 patients completed the intervention. Statistically significant improvements were found in anxiety, depression, emotional distress, hopelessness, and dignity-related distress with large effect sizes. Patients reported that DT helped them, increased their meaning and purpose in life, their sense of dignity, and their will to live, while it decreased their suffering. No changes were found in QoL.Significance of resultsDT was well accepted and effective in improving the emotional symptoms of LC patients with distress that were undergoing medical treatment. Although more research is warranted to confirm these results, this suggests that DT can be used in the context of Latin-American patients.
The evolution of the football jersey – an institutional perspective
Authors: Butler David , Butler Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the interaction of informal constraints on human behaviour by examining the evolution of English football jerseys. The jersey provides an excellent setting to demonstrate how informal constraints emerge from formal rules and shape human behaviour. Customs, approved norms and habits are all observed in this setting. The commercialisation of football in recent decades has resulted in these informal constraints, in many cases dating back over a century, co-existing with branding, goodwill and identity effects. Combined, these motivate clubs to maintain thestatus quo. As a result, club colours have remained remarkably resilient within a frequently changing landscape.
Ethnic Irony in Melvin B. Tolson's “Dark Symphony”
Authors: NEWTON ELIZABETH 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article historicizes musical symbolism in Melvin B. Tolson's poem “Dark Symphony” (1941). In a time when Black writers and musicians alike were encouraged to aspire to European standards of greatness, Tolson's Afro-modernist poem establishes an ambivalent critical stance toward the genre in its title. In pursuit of a richer understanding of the poet's attitude, this article situates the poem within histories of Black music, racial uplift, and white supremacy, exploring the poem's relation to other media from the Harlem Renaissance. It analyzes the changing language across the poem's sections and, informed by Houston A. Baker Jr.'s study of “mastery and deformation,” theorizes the poet's tone. While prior critics have read the poem's lofty conclusion as sincerely aspirational toward assimilation, this article emphasizes the ambiguity, or irony, that Tolson develops: he embraces the symphony's capacity as a symbol to encompass multiple meanings, using the genre metaphorically as a mark of achievement, even as he implicates such usage as a practice rooted in conservative thought. The “symphony,” celebrated as a symbol of pluralistic democracy and liberal progress, meanwhile functions to reinforce racialized difference and inequality—a duality that becomes apparent when this poem is read alongside Tolson's concurrent poems, notes, and criticism. Such analysis demonstrates that “Dark Symphony” functions as a site for heightened consciousness of racialized musical language, giving shape to Tolson's ideas as a critic, educator, and advocate for public health.
How Flexible are we in Regulating our Emotions? A Discussion on Current Conceptual Frameworks of Emotion Regulation Flexibility, Requirements for Future Research and Potential Practical Implications
Authors: Sanchez-Lopez Alvaro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Are we flexible in using different strategies to regulate our emotions during our daily functioning? What are the personal and situational mechanisms accounting for this complex set of emotion regulation (ER) processes? And to what extent different forms of ER flexibility are adaptive? Current empirical evidence challenges a static view of ER strategies as inherently adaptive or maladaptive. This has led contemporary accounts to consider the variation in use of ER strategies across time depending on the complex interplay of personal characteristics, specific situational demands, and motivational goals. However, despite the relevance of these new approaches and their obvious theoretical and practical implications, the study of ER flexibility is a relatively young research field, still lacking common integrative views. In this paper, I briefly discuss the shared and unique components across different theoretical frameworks of ER flexibility and make recommendations for future research to advance the understanding of this crucial phenomenon. I identify specific questions that may be contrasted through programmatic research lines and propose that the integration of cognitive mechanisms known to affect ER may help to advance the science of ER flexibility. I also enumerate a series of methodological approaches that can be used to tests proposed models of ER flexibility. Finally, I highlight potential practical implications that can be derived from these new research programs in order to improve interventions aimed at promoting adaptive ER flexibility and adaptive functioning.
Warm and Cool Nearshore Plumes Connecting the Surf Zone to the Inner Shelf
Authors: Moulton M. , Chickadel C. C. , Thomson J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCross‐shore transport of larvae, pollutants, and sediment between the surf zone and the inner shelf is important for coastal water quality and ecosystems. Rip currents are known to be a dominant pathway for exchange, but the effects of horizontal temperature and salinity gradients are not well understood. Airborne visible and infrared imaging performed on the California coast shows warm and cool plumes driven by rip currents in the surf zone and extending onto the shelf, with temperature differences of approximately 1°C. The airborne imagery and modeled temperatures and tracers indicate that warm plumes exhibit more lateral spreading and transport material in a buoyant near‐surface layer, whereas cool plumes move offshore in a subsurface layer. The average cross‐shore extent of warm plumes at the surface is approximately one surfzone width larger than for cool plumes. Future work may explore the sensitivity of nearshore plumes to density patterns, wave forcing, and bathymetry.
The Impact of Variable Ocean Temperatures on Totten Glacier Stability and Discharge
Authors: McCormack F. S. , Roberts J. L. , Gwyther D. E. , Morlighem M. , Pelle T. , Galton‐Fenzi B. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA major uncertainty in Antarctica's contribution to future sea‐level rise is the ice sheet response timescales to ocean warming. Totten Glacier drains a region containing 3.9 m global sea level equivalent and has been losing mass over recent decades. We use an ice sheet model coupled to an ice‐shelf cavity combined ocean box and plume model to investigate Totten's response to variable ocean forcing. Totten's grounding line is stable for a limited range of ocean temperatures near current observations (i.e., −0.95°C to −0.75°C), with topography influencing the discharge periodicity. For increases of ≥0.2°C in temperatures beyond this range, grounding line retreat occurs. Variable ocean forcing can reduce retreat relative to constant forcing, and different variability amplitudes can cause centennial‐scale delays in retreat through interactions with topography. Our results highlight the need for long‐term ocean state observations and to include forcing variability in ice sheet model simulations of future change.
Analysis of the Anthropogenic and Biogenic NOx Emissions Over 2008–2017: Assessment of the Trends in the 30 Most Populated Urban Areas in Europe
Authors: Fortems‐Cheiney A. , Broquet G. , Pison I. , Saunois M. , Potier E. , Berchet A. , Dufour G. , Siour G. , Denier van der Gon H. , Dellaert S. N. C. , Boersma K. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use the OMI‐QA4ECV‐v1.1 NO2 tropospheric columns over the 10‐year 2008–2017 period to confront satellite‐based trends in NO2 concentrations to those from the state‐of‐the‐art regional chemistry‐transport model CHIMERE and to evaluate the bottom‐up anthropogenic and biogenic NOx emissions in Europe. A focus is made for the 30 most populated urban areas in Europe. Over urban areas in Western Europe, except for coastal cities, OMI confirms the drop in the simulated CHIMERE NO2 tropospheric columns based on the latest country emission official reporting. OMI hardly shows significant negative trends over Central and Eastern Europe urban areas. Increasing biogenic emissions helps reconciling CHIMERE and OMI trends over urban areas in Central Europe and over rural areas, confirming the importance of accounting for non‐anthropogenic emissions to assess long‐term trends. Over Eastern Europe, our results question emission reductions estimated for particular sectors and in particular the road transport, public power, and industrial emissions.
Variation of Absorption Ångström Exponent in Aerosols From Different Emission Sources
Authors: Helin A. , Virkkula A. , Backman J. , Pirjola L. , Sippula O. , Aakko‐Saksa P. , Väätäinen S. , Mylläri F. , Järvinen A. , Bloss M. , Aurela M. , Jakobi G. , Karjalainen P. , Zimmermann R. , Jokiniemi J. , Saarikoski S. , Tissari J. , Rönkkö T. , Niemi J. V. , Timonen H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) describes the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols. AAE is typically used to differentiate between different aerosol types for example., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust particles. In this study, the variation of AAE was investigated mainly in fresh aerosol emissions from different fuel and combustion types, including emissions from ships, buses, coal‐fired power plants, and residential wood burning. The results were assembled to provide a compendium of AAE values from different emission sources. A dual‐spot aethalometer (AE33) was used in all measurements to obtain the light absorption coefficients at seven wavelengths (370–950 nm). AAE470/950 varied greatly between the different emission sources, ranging from −0.2 ± 0.7 to 3.0 ± 0.8. The correlation between the AAE470/950 and AAE370‐950 results was good (R2 = 0.95) and the mean bias error between these was 0.02. In the ship engine exhaust emissions, the highest AAE470/950 values (up to 2.0 ± 0.1) were observed when high sulfur content heavy fuel oil was used, whereas low sulfur content fuels had the lowest AAE470/950 (0.9–1.1). In the diesel bus exhaust emissions, AAE470/950 increased in the order of acceleration (0.8 ± 0.1), deceleration (1.1 ± 0.1), and steady driving (1.2 ± 0.1). In the coal‐fired power plant emissions, the variation of AAE470/950 was substantial (from −0.1 ± 2.1 to 0.9 ± 1.6) due to the differences in the fuels and flue gas cleaning conditions. Fresh wood‐burning derived aerosols had AAE470/950 from 1.1 ± 0.1 (modern masonry heater) to 1.4 ± 0.1 (pellet boiler), lower than typically associated with wood burning, while the burn cycle phase affected AAE variation.
New Observation Operators for Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path From ABI and Their Impact on Assimilation and Hurricane Forecasts
Authors: Meng Deming , Wang Pei , Li Jun , Li Jinlong , Chen Yaodeng , Wangzong Steve , Heidinger Andy , Walther Andi , Li Zhenglong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cloud liquid/ice water path (LWP/IWP) can provide valuable information about the cloud and precipitation. For the first time, the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system is applied to examine the impact of the high spatial and temporal resolution LWP and IWP products derived from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the new generation geostationary environmental satellites (GOES‐R series) in numerical weather prediction (NWP). To extend the GSI's capability to assimilate LWP and IWP products, a pair of new observation operators of LWP and IWP is developed to avoid the requirement for hydrometeor control variables. The new observation operators enable the direct use of hydrometeor background information from the NWP model and allow the vertical propagation of the water vapor increment according to the Jacobian distributions for the new LWP and IWP operators. The new LWP and IWP observation operators are evaluated by the single observation tests and the cycling assimilation and forecast experiments of Hurricane Irma (2017) and Hurricane Maria (2017). The results from single observation tests show that the assimilations of pseudo‐LWP and pseudo‐IWP can achieve positive water vapor increments, which also spread vertically according to the Jacobian distributions. The impact studies on two hurricanes demonstrate that the ABI LWP and IWP measurements can be successfully assimilated into the NWP model by the new observation operators, which enhances the water vapor analysis and further improves other atmospheric state variables in the forecast fields. The improved environmental fields lead to the overall forecast improvement for the two hurricanes, with the most notable track improvement.
Future Projections of Petermann Glacier Under Ocean Warming Depend Strongly on Friction Law
Authors: Åkesson Henning , Morlighem Mathieu , O’Regan Matt , Jakobsson Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBasal friction heavily controls the dynamics of fast‐flowing glaciers. However, the best approach to modeling friction is unclear, increasing uncertainties in projections of future mass loss and sea‐level rise. Here, we compare six friction laws and evaluate them for Petermann Glacier in northern Greenland, using a higher order three‐dimensional ice‐sheet model. We model glacier retreat and mass loss under an ocean‐only warming until year 2300, while not considering the effects of a future warmer atmosphere. Regardless of the friction law, we find that breakup of Petermann's ice shelf is likely to occur within the next decades. However, future grounding‐line retreat differs by 10s of km and estimates of sea‐level rise may quadruple, depending on the friction law employed. A bedrock ridge halts the retreat for four of the laws, and Petermann retreats furthest when applying a Budd or a Coulomb‐type “till law.” Depending on the friction law, sea‐level contributions differ by 133% and 282% by 2300 for 2°C and 5°C ocean warming scenarios, respectively.
Nearly Carbon‐Saturated Magma Oceans in Planetary Embryos During Core Formation
Authors: Kuwahara Hideharu , Itoh Shoichi , Suzumura Akimasa , Nakada Ryoichi , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA planetary mantle after core formation has been thought to be highly depleted in carbon due to its strong siderophile behavior. However, the carbon contents in lunar and terrestrial mantles are much greater than experimental predictions; thus, how the carbon contents in terrestrial mantles were established is puzzling and poorly understood. Here, we present high‐pressure experiments on the metal‐silicate partitioning of carbon at 2 GPa and 1923 K in a system containing 0.2 wt% C, which is close to that in enstatite chondrites, and show that a magma ocean made of chondritic materials is nearly saturated with carbon even under metal saturation. The consistency between the solubility of carbon in silicate melts and the carbon contents in lunar and terrestrial mantles also supports a nearly carbon‐saturated magma ocean during core formation and suggests that carbon contents in terrestrial mantles may have been established during the main accretion phase.