bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the optimal cooling temperature for the face measured by the tissue perfusion during hilotherapy using laser Doppler spectrophotometry
Authors: Peters Florian , Heussen Nicole , Herbstmann Jana , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Bock Anna , Kniha Kristian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter craniofacial trauma, symptoms like swelling and pain occur. Cooling reduces these symptoms but the optimal cooling temperature for a maximum benefit without adverse effects is unclear. 30 participants were cooled at 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C for 30 min. Before cooling and at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after cooling, the skin blood flow, oxygen saturation (SO) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured by laser Doppler spectrophotometry at 2 mm and 8 mm depth. The skin temperature was measured, and the participant’s satisfaction was marked on a visual analogue scale. There were significant differences between males and females in the blood flow, SO and Hb (p < 0.0001). After cooling, the blood flow, SO and Hb was reduced. The measured values rose slightly above the initial values 60 min after cooling. Depending on the cooling temperature the decrease in blood flow, SO and Hb was significantly different. Both sexes were most comfortable with a 25 °C cooling temperature and satisfaction decreased with lower temperatures. Significant differences for the satisfaction between both sexes were measured (10 °C: p < 0.0001, 15 °C: p < 0.0001, 20 °C: p = 0.0168, 25 °C: p = 0.0293). After 60 min, the males and females exhibited mild skin hyperthermia. The optimal cooling temperatures their physiological effects and their perception for females and males were different. For females, around 20 °C is an optimal cooling temperature. For males, it is around 15–20 °C.
Identification of bovine, porcine and fish gelatin signatures using chemometrics fuzzy graph method
Authors: Hassan Nurfarhana , Ahmad Tahir , Zain Norhidayu M. , Awang Siti Rahmah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGelatin is a protein substance that is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Gelatin is mainly derived from bovine and porcine sources. Fish gelatin is becoming alternative source of gelatin due to concern on health issue and religious constraints. Numerous studies for identification of gelatin sources have been reported. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set (c-FACS) to distinguish between bovine, porcine and fish gelatins. The gelatin spectra at Amide and 1600–1000 cm−1 regions were analyzed using c-FACS and the results were compared to principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results obtained from c-FACS method showed that each bovine, porcine and fish gelatin possessed dominant wavenumbers at 1470–1475 cm−1, 1444–1450 cm−1 and 1496–1500 cm−1 respectively, which represent their unique signatures. Furthermore, a clear distinction for porcine gelatin was observed in coordinated FACS. The c-FACS method is rigor and faster than PCA and LDA in differentiating the gelatin sources. The novel method promises at least another chemometrics method for FTIR related analysis and the possibilities for other applications are endless.
Temporal structure of brain oscillations predicts learned nocebo responses to pain
Authors: Thomaidou Mia A. , Blythe Joseph S. , Houtman Simon J. , Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S. , van Laarhoven Antoinette I. M. , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify electrophysiological correlates of nocebo-augmented pain. Nocebo hyperalgesia (i.e., increases in perceived pain resulting from negative expectations) has been found to impact how healthy and patient populations experience pain and is a phenomenon that could be better understood in terms of its neurophysiological underpinnings. In this study, nocebo hyperalgesia was induced in 36 healthy participants through classical conditioning and negative suggestions. Electroencephalography was recorded during rest (pre- and post-acquisition) and during pain stimulation (baseline, acquisition, evocation) First, participants received baseline high thermal pain stimulations. During nocebo acquisition, participants learned to associate an inert gel applied to their forearm with administered high pain stimuli, relative to moderate intensity control stimuli administered without gel. During evocation, all stimuli were accompanied by moderate pain, to measure nocebo responses to the inert gel. Pre- to post-acquisition beta-band alterations in long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) were negatively associated with nocebo magnitudes. Individuals with strong resting LRTC showed larger nocebo responses than those with weaker LRTC. Nocebo acquisition trials showed reduced alpha power. Alpha power was higher while LRTC were lower during nocebo-augmented pain, compared to baseline. These findings support nocebo learning theories and highlight a role of nocebo-induced cognitive processing.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is a novel target of the γ-secretase complex
Authors: Bartolomé Alberto , Liang Jiani , Wang Pengfei , Ho David D. , Pajvani Utpal B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, but also the functional receptor of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on structural similarity with other γ-secretase (γS) targets, we hypothesized that ACE2 may be affected by γS proteolytic activity. We found that after ectodomain shedding, ACE2 is targeted for intramembrane proteolysis by γS, releasing a soluble ACE2 C-terminal fragment. Consistently, chemical or genetic inhibition of γS results in the accumulation of a membrane-bound fragment of ectodomain-deficient ACE2. Although chemical inhibition of γS does not alter SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, these data point to a novel pathway for cellular ACE2 trafficking.
MicroRNA-543-3p down-regulates inflammation and inhibits periodontitis through KLF6
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Junwei , Hao Wenjing , Yu Cuifang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
MicroRNA-543-3p (miR-543-3p) has been reported to be involved in many human disease’s progression, but its role in inflammation is still unclear. After bacterial infection, innate immune cells are activated to trigger inflammation by recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial outer membrane. In our research, it showed that miR-543-3p was down-regulated in LPS-treated periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). And it mediated the apoptosis of PDLC induced by LPS, which may be involved in periodontitis development. Besides, up-regulation of miR-543-3p alleviated the inflammatory damage induced by LPS. Furthermore, our research demonstrated Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) served as a direct downstream target of miR-543-3p to play a vital role in periodontitis. Simply put, these findings suggest that miR-543-3p could down-regulate inflammation and inhibit periodontitis by targeting KLF6, and it provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of periodontitis, which may be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Something old, something new: challenges and developments in Aspergillus niger biotechnology
Authors: Cairns Timothy C. , Barthel Lars , Meyer Vera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The filamentous ascomycete fungus Aspergillus niger is a prolific secretor of organic acids, proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites. Throughout the last century, biotechnologists have developed A. niger into a multipurpose cell factory with a product portfolio worth billions of dollars each year. Recent technological advances, from genome editing to other molecular and omics tools, promise to revolutionize our understanding of A. niger biology, ultimately to increase efficiency of existing industrial applications or even to make entirely new products. However, various challenges to this biotechnological vision, many several decades old, still limit applications of this fungus. These include an inability to tightly control A. niger growth for optimal productivity, and a lack of high-throughput cultivation conditions for mutant screening. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art for A. niger biotechnology with special focus on organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, gluconic acid and itaconic acid), secreted proteins and secondary metabolites, and discuss how new technological developments can be applied to comprehensively address a variety of old and persistent challenges.
So you want to express your protein in Escherichia coli?
Authors: Tungekar Aatir A. , Castillo-Corujo Angel , Ruddock Lloyd W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recombinant proteins have been extensively employed as therapeutics for the treatment of various critical and life-threatening diseases and as industrial enzymes in high-value industrial processes. Advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have broadened the horizon of heterologous protein production using multiple expression platforms. Selection of a suitable expression system depends on a variety of factors ranging from the physicochemical properties of the target protein to economic considerations. For more than 40 years, Escherichia coli has been an established organism of choice for protein production. This review aims to provide a stepwise approach for any researcher embarking on the journey of recombinant protein production in E. coli. We present an overview of the challenges associated with heterologous protein expression, fundamental considerations connected to the protein of interest (POI) and designing expression constructs, as well as insights into recently developed technologies that have contributed to this ever-growing field.
Recombinant protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis: pathways, applications, and innovation potential
Authors: Neef Jolanda , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Buist Girbe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Secreted recombinant proteins are of great significance for industry, healthcare and a sustainable bio-based economy. Consequently, there is an ever-increasing need for efficient production platforms to deliver such proteins in high amounts and high quality. Gram-positive bacteria, particularly bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis, are favored for the production of secreted industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, recombinant protein production in the B. subtilis cell factory can be very challenging due to bottlenecks in the general (Sec) secretion pathway as well as this bacterium’s intrinsic capability to secrete a cocktail of highly potent proteases. This has placed another Gram-positive bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, in the focus of attention as an alternative, non-proteolytic, cell factory for secreted proteins. Here we review our current understanding of the secretion pathways exploited in B. subtilis and L. lactis to deliver proteins from their site of synthesis, the cytoplasm, into the fermentation broth. An advantage of this cell factory comparison is that it identifies opportunities for protein secretion pathway engineering to remove or bypass current production bottlenecks. Noteworthy new developments in cell factory engineering are the mini-Bacillus concept, highlighting potential advantages of massive genome minimization, and the application of thus far untapped ‘non-classical’ protein secretion routes. Altogether, it is foreseen that engineered lactococci will find future applications in the production of high-quality proteins at the relatively small pilot scale, while engineered bacilli will remain a favored choice for protein production in bulk.
Justice as a Service
Authors: Fantozzi Paolo , Laura Luigi , Nuzzo Antonio , Piselli Riccardo 
Published: May 2021

In this paper we address an emerging service, called Justice as a Service (JaaS), that has been defined as an on-demand service, powered by tech, that challenges private and public companies by representing the consumer in their fight for justice/compensation based on laws, consumers’ rights, and contract of carriage. Indeed, in recent years we have witnessed the birth of several JaaS companies, that are devoted to a certain type of claim such as compensation for flight delay or cancellation, or refunds for late shipping.
However, as we will discuss in the paper, we do believe that these are only the first generation of JaaS systems, i.e. the ones that solve easy problems. The advances in Natural Language Processing models such as the very recent GPT-3, together with the availability of suits data in electronic form, will soon allow the rise of more complex systems, able either to assist lawyers in the preparation of cases or to assist the end user in more involved legal issues.
In the paper, we discuss the technical and legal challenges of these new systems.
COVID-19, Diabetes, and Associated Health Outcomes in China: Results
from a Nationwide Survey of 10 545 Adults
Authors: Shi Zumin , Yan Alice , Zimmet Paul , Sun Xiaoming , Cristina do Vale Moreira Nayla , Cheskin Lawrence J. , Wang Liming , Qu Weidong , Yan Hong , Hussain Akhtar , Wang Youfa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examined the associations between diabetes and
self-reported/familial COVID-19 infection and investigated
health-related outcomes among those with diabetes during China’s
nationwide quarantine. The 2020 China COVID-19 Survey was administered
anonymously via social media (WeChat). It was completed by 10 545 adults in all
of mainland China’s 31 provinces. The survey consisted of 74 items
covering sociodemographic characteristics, preventive measures for COVID-19,
lifestyle behaviors, and health-related outcomes during the period of
quarantine. Regression models examined associations among study variables.
Diabetes was associated with a six-fold increased risk of reporting COVID-19
infection among respondents or their family members. Among people with diabetes,
individuals who rarely wore masks had double the risk of suspected COVID-19
infection compared with those who always wore masks, with an inverse J-shaped
relationship between face mask wearing and suspected COVID-19 infection. People
with diabetes tended to have both poor knowledge of COVID-19 and poor compliance
with preventive measures, despite perceiving a high risk of personal infection
(40.0% among respondents reporting diabetes and 8.0% without
diabetes). Only 54–55% of these respondents claimed to
consistently practice preventive measures, including wearing face masks. Almost
60% of those with diabetes experienced food or medication shortages
during the quarantine period, which was much higher than those without diabetes.
Importantly, respondents who experienced medication shortages reported a
63% higher COVID-19 infection rate. Diabetes was associated with an
increased risk of self-reported personal and family member COVID-19 infection,
which is mitigated by consistent use of face masks.
Protecting intellectual property in foreign subsidiaries: An internal network defense perspective
Authors: Yan Yan , Li Jiatao , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines firm internal network structures as a defense of intellectual property rights (IPR) in high-risk environments with inadequate IPR protection. Specifically, we investigate firm social and knowledge-based network structures individually. A foreign subsidiary can intensify social complexity by strengthening the small-worldness in its collaboration networks and attenuate knowledge-relatedness by decreasing the small-worldness in its knowledge networks. In a subsidiary, the effectiveness of these measures depends to some extent on the parent firm’s experience in the host country. Longitudinal data on 401 foreign subsidiaries in the pharmaceutical industry from 1980 to 2017 have been analyzed in a quasi-experiment using difference-in-differences and two-stage regression. The results provide empirical support for these ideas. Findings highlight the explanatory power of internal network structures when discussing knowledge protection and show the utility of taking an internal network defense perspective in examining IPR protection.
Wire calorimeter for direct neutral beam power measurements on C-2W
Authors: Titus J. B. , Korepanov S. , Tkachev A. , Pirogov K. , Knapp K. ,   TAE Team
Published: May 2021

The C-2W experiment produces advanced beam-driven field reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas, which are sustained in steady state utilizing variable energy neutral beams (15–40 keV, total power up to 21 MW), advanced divertors, end bias electrodes, and an active plasma control system. Since heating, current drive, and refueling from neutral beam injection are essential to FRC sustainment, it is crucial to have accurate measurements of the beam power being injected into the plasma. A new tungsten wire calorimeter has been designed, built, calibrated on a test stand, and implemented to make the first direct measurements of the time-average injected beam power into C-2W. This paper outlines the design of the diagnostic, along with calibration methods and experimental results.
Character displacement drives trait divergence in a continental fauna
Authors: Anderson Sean A. S. , Weir Jason T. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceA foundational concept in evolutionary ecology is that resource competition and other costly interactions drive trait divergence between closely related species—a process known as “character displacement.” Consistent with this hypothesis is the observation that trait disparity is generally greater between co-occurring (sympatric) versus nonoverlapping lineage pairs. However, it is challenging to determine whether this disparity is the consequence of, or prerequisite for, the establishment of sympatry. Here, we develop statistical models that allow us to distinguish support for these alternatives and find that character displacement drives bill shape divergence in pairs of New World terrestrial birds. Our results support the classic hypothesis of character displacement as a powerful and important driver of trait evolution in nature.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis (Fusarium wilt of alfalfa).
Authors: Samac Deborah A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a common soil inhabitant around the world. It is regarded as a species complex that includes non-pathogenic, plant pathogenic, and human pathogenic strains. The plant pathogens cause wilt diseases on most crop plants. F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis causes a fatal wilt disease on Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, and Vicia sativa. It is found throughout the USA and in Alberta, Canada. The limited reports of Fusarium wilt of alfalfa outside of these areas suggests that the pathogen is native to North America. The pathogen is potentially invasive through movement of infested soil; it is not seedborne. Infected alfalfa plants usually die several months after infection and can lead to significant stand and yield losses. Nearly all modern commercial cultivars are highly resistant or resistant to Fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis is not on an alert list nor is it a regulated pathogen.
Non-relativistic geometry and the equivalence principle
Authors: Kapustin Anton , Touraev Marc 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe a geometric and symmetry-based formulation of the equivalence principle in non-relativistic physics. It applies both on the classical and quantum levels and states that the Newtonian potential can be eliminated in favor of a curved and time-dependent spatial metric. It is this requirement that forces the gravitational mass to be equal to the inertial mass. We identify the symmetry responsible for the equivalence principle as the remnant of time-reparameterization symmetry of the relativistic theory. We also clarify the transformation properties of the Schrödinger wave-function under arbitrary frame changes.
Atomic layer deposited nanolaminates of zirconium oxide and manganese oxide from manganese(III)acetylacetonate and ozone
Authors: Kalam Kristjan , Rammula Raul , Ritslaid Peeter , Käämbre Tanel , Link Joosep , Stern Raivo , Vinuesa Guillermo , Dueñas Salvador , Castán Helena , Tamm Aile , Kukli Kaupo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Atomic layer deposition method was used to grow thin films consisting of ZrO2 and MnO
x
layers. Magnetic and electric properties were studied of films deposited at 300 °C. Some deposition characteristics of the manganese(III)acetylacetonate and ozone process were investigated, such as the dependence of growth rate on the deposition temperature and film crystallinity. All films were partly crystalline in their as-deposited state. Zirconium oxide contained cubic and tetragonal phases of ZrO2, while the manganese oxide was shown to consist of cubic Mn2O3 and tetragonal Mn3O4 phases. All the films exhibited nonlinear saturative magnetization with hysteresis, as well as resistive switching characteristics.
Corrigendum: Generation of high-quality GeV-class electron beams utilizing attosecond ionization injection (2021 New J. Phys.
23 043016)
Authors: Lécz Zsolt , Andreev Alexander , Kamperidis C , Hafz Nasr 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acceleration of electrons in laser-driven plasma wakefields has been extended up to the ∼8 GeV energy within a distance of tens of centimeters. However, in applications, requiring small energy spread within the electron bunch, only a small portion of the bunch can be used and often the low-energy electrons represent undesired background in the spectrum. We present a compact and tunable scheme providing clean and mono-energetic electron bunches with less than one percent energy spread and with central energy on the GeV level. It is a two-step process consisting of ionization injection with attosecond pulses and acceleration in a capillary plasma wave-guide. Semi-analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations are used to accurately model the injection and acceleration steps.
Primordial non-Gaussianity from biased tracers: likelihood analysis of real-space power spectrum and bispectrum
Authors: Moradinezhad Dizgah Azadeh , Biagetti Matteo , Sefusatti Emiliano , Desjacques Vincent , Noreña Jorge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Upcoming galaxy redshift surveys promise to significantly improve current limits on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) through measurements of 2- and 3-point correlation functions in Fourier space. However, realizing the full potential of this dataset is contingent upon having both accurate theoretical models and optimized analysis methods. Focusing on the local model of PNG, parameterized by f
NL, we perform a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain analysis to confront perturbation theory predictions of the halo power spectrum and bispectrum in real space against a suite of N-body simulations. We model the halo bispectrum at tree-level, including all contributions linear and quadratic in f
NL, and the halo power spectrum at 1-loop, including tree-level terms up to quadratic order in f
NL, and all loops induced by local PNG linear in f
NL. Keeping the cosmological parameters fixed, we examine the effect of informative priors on the linear non-Gaussian bias parameter on the statistical inference of f
NL. A conservative analysis of the combined power spectrum and bispectrum, in which only loose priors are imposed and all parameters are marginalized over, can improve the constraint on by more than a factor of 5 relative to the power spectrum-only measurement. Imposing a strong prior on b
ϕ, or assuming bias relations for both b
ϕ and b
ϕδ (motivated by a universal mass function assumption), improves the constraints further by a factor of few. In this case, however, we find a significant systematic shift in the inferred value of f
NL if the same range of wavenumber is used. Likewise, a Poisson noise assumption can lead to significant systematics, and it is thus essential to leave all the stochastic amplitudes free.