bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Regularity‐Based Fullerene Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Blade‐Coating
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Meng Xiangchuan , Huang Zengqi , Dai Runying , Sheng Wangping , Gong Chenxiang , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial part in extracting electron carriers while optimizing the interfacial contact of perovskite/electrode in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Despite various ETLs being designed for efficient PVSCs, there exists hardly any research on the effect of molecular stacking order on device performance. Herein, poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) is employed as the [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) solution additive. The strong binding energy between EVA with PC61BM promotes the molecular stacking order of ETLs, which alleviates the morphology inhomogeneity, possesses a matched energy level, blocks ion migration, and improves the water–oxygen barrier of perovskite devices. The blade‐coated MAPbI3‐based PVSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.32% with positive reproducibility and negligible hysteresis, as well as maintain 90% and 80% of the initial PCE after storage under inert and ambient conditions (52% humidity) for 1500 h without encapsulation. This strategy also improves the champion PCE of CsFAMA‐based PVSCs to 20.33%. These findings demonstrate that the regulation of molecular stacking order is a valid approach to optimize interfacial charge‐carrier recombination in PVSCs, which meet the demand for high‐performance ETL in large‐area PVSCs and improve the upscaling of the fabrication technology toward practical applications.
Cellulose‐Based Hybrid Aerogels: Strategies toward Design and Functionality
Authors: Rahmanian Vahid , Pirzada Tahira , Wang Siyao , Khan Saad A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe brittle nature of early aerogels developed from inorganic precursors fueled the discovery of their organic counterparts. Prominent among these organics are cellulose aerogels because of their natural abundance, biocompatibility, sustainable precursors, and tunable properties. The hierarchical structure of cellulose, from polymers to nano/microfibers, further facilitates fabrication of materials across multiple length scales with added applicability. However, the inherent flammability, structural fragility, and low thermal stability have limited their use. Recently developed cellulose‐based hybrid aerogels offer strong potential owing to their tunability and enhanced functionality brought about by combining the inherent properties of cellulose with organic and inorganic components. A survey of the historical background and scientific achievements in the design and development of cellulose‐based hybrid aerogel materials is encompassed here. The impacts of incorporating organic and inorganic ingredients with cellulose and the corresponding synergistic effects are discussed in terms of their design and functionality. The underlying principles governing the structural integration and functionality enhancement are also analyzed. The latest developments of cellulose‐based hybrid aerogels fabricated from nontraditional incipient aerogels, such as fibrous webs, are also explored. Finally, future opportunities that could make these materials achieve even greater impacts through improved scalability, rationally designed synthesis, and multifunctional properties are discussed.
Physiologically Self‐Regulated, Fully Implantable, Battery‐Free System for Peripheral Nerve Restoration
Authors: Jin Fei , Li Tong , Yuan Tao , Du Lijuan , Lai Chengteng , Wu Qi , Zhao Ying , Sun Fengyu , Gu Long , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe long‐segment peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a global medical challenge, leading to incomplete nerve tissue recovery and unsatisfactory functional reconstruction. However, the current electrical stimulation (ES) apparatuses fail perfect nerve repair due to their inability of the variable synchronous self‐regulated function with physiological states. It is urgent to develop an implantable ES platform with physiologically adaptive function to provide instantaneous and nerve‐preferred ES. Here, a physiologically self‐regulated electrical signal is generated by integrating a novel tribo/piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator with a nanoporous nerve guide conduit to construct a fully implantable neural electrical stimulation (FI‐NES) system. The optimal neural ES parameters completely originate from the body itself and are highly self‐responsive to different physiological states. The morphological evaluation, representative protein expression level, and functional reconstruction of the regenerated nerves are conducted to assess the PNI recovery process. Evidence shows that the recovery effect of 15 mm length nerve defects under the guidance of the FI‐NES system is significantly close to the autograft. The designed FI‐NES system provides an effective method for long‐term accelerating the recovery of PNI in vivo and is also appropriate for other tissue injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
Estimation of State of Charge and State of Health of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on a New Adaptive Nonlinear Observer
Authors: Sakile Rajakumar , Sinha Umesh Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEstimation of accurate state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of lithium‐ion batteries has become more difficult in electric vehicles due to various uncertainties in the battery. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the accurate and robust SOC and SOH of the lithium‐ion battery. Here, a first‐order resistor‐capacitor (RC) electrical equivalent circuit model is considered for the analysis and modeling, an adaptive nonlinear observer (ANO) is proposed to convert nonlinear equations into linearized equations. The transfer function is obtained from the linearized equations to estimate the actual parameters and the internal states of the battery. When comparing the proposed ANO to the conventional method extended Kalman filter, the new ANO gives better dynamic results, less SOC error, and high convergence capability. An extra random variable noise is added to the system; the proposed model is suitable for the SOC at current noise factors. The convergence capability of the observer is analyzed with the linear criterion. The simulation results of the proposed ANO are validated through the MATLAB/Simulink platform under the hybrid pulse power characteristics test.
A New Route to NAG‐NAM Disaccharide, an Important Building Block for Peptidoglycan Oligomer Synthesis
Authors: Rousseau Antoine , Richard Emeline , Jeacomine Isabelle , Armand Sylvie , Fort Sébastien , Cottaz Sylvain 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeptidoglycan oligomers constitute precious tools for the biochemical and structural studies of enzymes involved in the bacterial cell wall metabolism. In this study we show that an unprecedented selective Zemplén de‐O‐acetylation of benzyl chitinbioside peracetate leads to a fast and efficient route to N‐acetylmuramyl β(1→4) N‐acetylglucosaminide disaccharide, a central building block for the synthesis of peptidoglycan oligomers. Starting from known benzyl chitinbioside, NAG‐NAM disaccharide pentapeptide is prepared in seven steps with an overall yield of 12%.
Event‐triggered control for bipartite consensus and formation of multiple wheeled mobile robots with non‐holonomic constraint
Authors: Li Junjian , Chen Xia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the event‐triggered control scheme to tackle the position centroid bipartite consensus/formation problems of multiple wheeled mobile robots with non‐holonomic constraint. Based on a reversible input conversion, the dynamics of the reference positions of robots are described as two teams of first‐order integrators. The event‐triggered control input and the event‐triggering condition are constructed, ensuring that the position of each robot converges to the initial bipartite centroid location while their orientations and velocities reach some constants and zero, respectively. Moreover, we exclude the possibility of Zeno behavior. Subsequently, the proposed event‐triggered control mechanism is expanded to drive all robots to meet at the expected geometric pattern centred at the initial bipartite centroid. At last, simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the provided theoretical strategy.
Trittschalldämmung – Norm‐Trittschallpegel L'n und Standard‐Trittschallpegel L'nT im Vergleich
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn DIN 4109 wird die Trittschalldämmung, ausgedrückt mit der kennzeichnenden Größe bewerteter Norm‐Trittschallpegel L'n,w, zur Beschreibung des Trittschallschutzes verwendet. Eine für die Zwecke der Beschreibung des Trittschallschutzes brauchbarere Kenngröße stellt der bewertete Standard‐Trittschallpegel L'nT,w dar. Durch analytischen Vergleich beider Kenngrößen wird gezeigt, welche Randbedingungen zur Anwendung der Gleichungen eingehalten werden müssen. Die Unterschiede aus dem Vergleich von Messergebnissen werden anhand eines Messdatensatzes von 69 durchgeführten Trittschallmessungen an Trenndecken unterschiedlichster Bauart dargestellt. Die Auswertung der Messergebnisse hat gezeigt, dass sich erhebliche Unterschiede für die gleiche Konstruktion und für den gleichen Empfangsraum ergeben können. Auch hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine vereinfachte Umrechnung beider Kenngrößen aus den Einzahlwerten Fehler von ±2 dB zur Folge haben können. Soll eine Beschränkung des „Fehlers” erfolgen, muss der betrachtete Raum begrenzt werden. Für eine tolerierte Abweichung von ±2 dB beschränkt sich die betrachtete Grundfläche in Abhängigkeit der Raumhöhe von 2,20 m – 4,0 m auf unter 22,5 m2. Werden größere Räume betrachtet, können erheblich größere Abweichungen auftreten.
Deckeninstandsetzung bei Erhalt der Vorspannung unter laufendem Betrieb – Abschnittsweise Instandsetzung der documenta Tiefgarage
Authors: von Daake Henning , Glorius Michael , Bücking Carsten , Wortberg Jens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZu Beginn der 1990er Jahre wurde mit dem Bau der documenta‐Halle in Kassel zeitgleich zentrumsnaher Parkraum durch den Bau eines zweigeschossigen Parkbaus unterhalb des Friedrichsplatzes geschaffen. Die Geschoss‐ und Zwischendecken wurden einaxial vorgespannt im Zustand I bemessen. Eine Bauwerksprüfung und Begutachtung in den Jahren 2014/15 zeigte deutliche Korrosionsschäden sowie ein ausgeprägtes Rissbild. Vergussbetone nach der Vergussbetonrichtlinie des DAfStb [1] sind seit vielen Jahren etablierte Spezialbaustoffe, die seit 2014 durch die 3. Berichtigung der Instandsetzungsrichtlinie des DAfStb [2] für Betoninstandsetzungsarbeiten eingesetzt werden können. Besondere Vorteile bieten Vergussbetone in der Instandsetzung im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Betonen nach DIN EN 206‐1/DIN 1045‐2 [3, 4] z. B. bei geringen Platzverhältnissen, Arbeitsausführung bei laufendem Betrieb, aufgrund des deutlich geringeren Reinigungsaufwands und der schnellen Festigkeitsentwicklung. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse der Bauwerksbegutachtung, das daraus entwickelte Instandsetzungskonzept und die Ausführung der Arbeiten vor. Voraussetzung der Instandsetzung war es, die Arbeiten unter Erhalt der Vorspannung sowie bei weiterlaufendem Betrieb des Parkhauses durchzuführen. Aufgrund o. g. Vorteile kam in diesem Fall Vergussbeton nach der Vergussbetonrichtlinie zum Einsatz, deren wichtigste Eigenschaften und Besonderheiten bei der Instandsetzung ebenfalls beleuchtet werden.
Theoretical study of ethyl alcohol adsorbed on a germanium (100) surface
Authors: Lee A‐Reum , Bae Sung‐Soo , Kim Do Hwan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chemical reaction of ethyl alcohol on a germanium surface was investigated through density functional theory analysis. The most stable product containing the HOGeGeCH2CH3 linkage was formed via OC‐dissociative adsorption. Kinetic studies revealed that the OH‐dissociative reaction pathways have relatively low activation barriers and may, respectively, occur at room temperature. Configurationally, the oxygen atom of the ethoxy fragment was bonded to the germanium atom, and the ethyl group was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the germanium surface. The two configurations had similar adsorption energies and activation barriers. Further reaction of the dissociated hydrogen with a nearby electron‐rich germanium atom passivated the dangling bond. Theoretical scanning tunneling microscopy images simulated based on the OH‐dissociative adsorption revealed a better agreement with the experimentally observed adsorption features than those of other possible structures.
The influence of essential oils from ZhaLi NuSi Prescription on the pharmacokinetics of its non‐volatile components in normal rats
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guo Sheng , Niu Yang , Huang Kaidi , Bu Fanshu , Ren Hui , Zhang Yiying , Shang Erxin , Duan Jin‐ao , Qian Dawei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHui Medicine ZhaLi NuSi Prescription (ZLNS) is described in “Hui Hui Prescription,” and it has been used to treat cerebral infarction in Hui Region, China. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was established and applied to simultaneously determine geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, caffeic acid, magnoflorine, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, β‐ecdysterone, icariin, rhein, and baohuoside I in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these components and the influence of essential oils (EOs) on them were investigated in normal rats. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0 − t, AUC0 − ∞, t1/2, tmax, cmax) of the aforementioned compounds were significantly changed after co‐administering with ZLNS EO. The AUC values of oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, and baohuoside I with EOs were decreased significantly. This is the first report for the comparative pharmacokinetic study of ZLNS bioactive components in normal rats, which may provide the basis for drug interaction study in vivo and insight into their clinical applications.
Building Virtual Laboratory with Simulations
Authors: Jamshidi Reihaneh , Milanovic Ivana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an innovative approach to modernizing a sophomore mechanical engineering materials course by employing simulations. The three‐credit course includes a lecture and a lab. In the lecture, students learn about theories of material formation and material properties, and in the lab, experiments are conducted to test the strength of materials in response to mechanical forces. A new module comprising simulation assignments has recently been integrated into the course. Having added this module, it is now feasible to simultaneously harness the power of simulations for predicting results of material testing, and provide a virtual lab that can be easily deployed when necessary. The main goal is to assist students with the learning process. Students gain a deeper understanding of the material properties and the changes resulting from various testing procedures by simulating the influence of relevant parameters and using visualizations. The other goal is to familiarize students with modern computational tools for solving engineering problems. The significance of this approach is in using industrial software early in the curriculum, and helping fulfill the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology Criterion 3 outcomes 1, 3, and 6. Students are also required to compare their simulation results with the experimental data and discuss the potential sources of variations. The objective is to improve students' critical skills and decision making in design problems.
CT patterns and differential criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia and COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Kadyrova Aliya , Antipina Irina , Kyrbasheva Indira , Baudinov Iliar , Kulbaeva Begaim , Aitieva Uuljan , Zhunushaliev Cholponbek , Vityala Yethindra , Tagaev Tugolbai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifficulties encountered in diagnosing and treating COVID‐19 pneumonia and acute eosinophilic pneumonia during the pandemic from 2019 to 2021 led to the identification and study of the differential features of the two conditions.
19F Solid‐State NMR and Vibrational Raman Characterization of Corticosteroid Drug‐Lipid Membrane Interactions
Authors: Mapley Bethany , Townsend David , Griffin John , Ashton Lorna , Middleton David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrug interactions with phospholipid bilayers underpin their behaviour in cell membranes and in liposomal delivery formulations. Liposomal drug delivery in ocular medicine can overcome the physical barriers of the eye and better enable the active molecule to reach its target. Here, Raman and 19F solid‐state NMR spectroscopy are used to characterise the interactions of two ocular corticosteroid drugs, difluprednate (DFP) and fluorometholone (FML), with multilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine (PC). 31P NMR confirms that the lipid bilayer tolerates a high drug concentration (a drug: lipid molar ratio of 1 : 10). The 19F NMR spectra of the drugs in lipid bilayers reveal that FML and DFP have different average orientations within the lipid bilayer. Raman spectra of dried lipid films reveal that PC separates from DFP but not from FML, the less lipophilic of the two drugs. This combined approach will assist the design of, and inform the development of, improved liposomal preparations.
Test, analysis, and design of ovally‐perforated vertically‐flexible steel plate shear wall (OVSPW)
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Kurata Masahiro , Pan Peng , He Zhi‐Zhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new type of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with oval‐curved architectural openings and vertically flexible horizontal connection elements is proposed. The vertical flexibility of the wall accommodates the construction settlement introduced by column contraction under the dead loads of the upper stories and allows sequential installation from the lower stories. A quasi‐static cyclic loading test and finite element (FE) analysis verified the stable seismic behaviors of the ovally‐perforated vertically‐flexible steel plate shear wall (OVSPW). The results of FE parametric analysis showed that an OVSPW with an appropriate thickness of boundary elements effectively accommodated the construction settlement that could lead to large in‐plane compression for a conventional SPSW. The horizontal connection elements made of steel tubes realized the vertical stiffness of OVSPW to less than 2% of the original value without changing the lateral stiffness. New design equations of the OVSPW were derived through integral and extreme value solutions to predict the mechanical behavior of OVSPW.
Neues zum Baugrundrisiko – Ein Blick über den Tellerrand
Authors: Mesic Muhamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferent approaches have emerged in dealing with the subject of subsoil risk over the last 25 years. The complex area of geotechnical engineering has contributed significantly to the problem through the development of new technologies. A contractually correct ”absorption“ of the external conditions has thus become an increasing challenge. This paper describes some of the more recent developments on the subsoil risk, not least in the delimitation to other contractual risks and the contractual arrangement of risk allocation. The topic has also provided for interesting approaches outside Austria, which are also discussed here. The aim is to provide new impulses for dealing with the subsoil risk.
Innovative geophysikalische Vorauserkundungstechnologie in verkarstungsfähigen und kristallinen Gesteinen
Authors: Schmidt Markus , Zenz Reinhard , Richter Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn rock formations prone to karstification there are only limited geological/hydrological principles that allow a safe prognosis of the existence and location of karstic and fault structures. A combination of geophysical borehole radar measurements utilizing both reflection and crosshole probe setups can be used to reliably detect anomalous structures, especially air‐filled karstic cavities and fault zones, when a sensible measuring concept for karstified or crystalline rocks is applied. Besides the determination of the anomalous structure's location it is also possible to distinguish its type of filling. Using examples from the major railway project Albaufstieg between Wendlingen‐Ulm the investigation concepts ahead of the tunnel construction are presented. The borehole radar measurements were successfully utilized during different phases of the tunnel excavation and could be integrated into the construction process without significant delays, thus contributing to a safe construction process and later operation of the tunnels. The reliability and high efficiency of these borehole radar investigation concepts places this technology of karst detection at a significant advantage over the commonly applied seismic methods, especially in karst‐prone and crystalline rocks.
CEREBRUM‐7T: Fast and Fully Volumetric Brain Segmentation of 7 Tesla MR Volumes
Authors: Svanera Michele , Benini Sergio , Bontempi Dennis , Muckli Lars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables sub‐millimetre resolution imaging of the human brain, allowing the study of functional circuits of cortical layers at the meso‐scale. An essential step in many functional and structural neuroimaging studies is segmentation, the operation of partitioning the MR images in anatomical structures. Despite recent efforts in brain imaging analysis, the literature lacks in accurate and fast methods for segmenting 7‐tesla (7T) brain MRI. We here present CEREBRUM‐7T, an optimised end‐to‐end convolutional neural network, which allows fully automatic segmentation of a whole 7T T1w MRI brain volume at once, without partitioning the volume, pre‐processing, nor aligning it to an atlas. The trained model is able to produce accurate multi‐structure segmentation masks on six different classes plus background in only a few seconds. The experimental part, a combination of objective numerical evaluations and subjective analysis, confirms that the proposed solution outperforms the training labels it was trained on and is suitable for neuroimaging studies, such as layer functional MRI studies. Taking advantage of a fine‐tuning operation on a reduced set of volumes, we also show how it is possible to effectively apply CEREBRUM‐7T to different sites data. Furthermore, we release the code, 7T data, and other materials, including the training labels and the Turing test.
The implications of the purinergic signaling throughout pregnancy
Authors: Sagrillo‐Fagundes Lucas , Casagrande Paim Thaís , Pretto Luiza , Bertaco Isadora , Zanatelli Carla , Vaillancourt Cathy , Wink Márcia R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurinergic signaling is a necessary mechanism to trigger or even amplify cell communication. Its ligands, notably adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine, modulate specific membrane‐bound receptors in virtually all human cells. Regardless of the stage of the pregnancy, cellular communication between maternal, placental, and fetal cells is the paramount mechanism to sustain its optimal status. In this review, we describe the crucial role of purinergic signaling on the regulation of the maternal‐fetal trophic exchanges, immune control, and endocrine exchanges throughout pregnancy. The nature of the modulation of both ATP and adenosine on the embryo‐maternal interface, going through placental invasion until birth delivery depends on the general maternal‐fetal health state and consequently on the selective activation of their specific receptors. In addition, an increasing number of studies have been demonstrating the pivotal role of ATP and adenosine in modulating deleterious effects of suboptimal conditions of pregnancy. Here, we discuss the role of purinergic signaling on the balance that coordinates the embryo‐maternal exchanges and a promising therapeutic venue in the context of pregnancy disorders.