bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Bath/Freeze Lining Interface Temperature Based on the Rheology of the Slag
Authors: Nagraj Samant , Chintinne Mathias , Guo Muxing , Blanpain Bart 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFreeze lining is a solidified layer of slag formed on the inner side of a water-cooled pyrometallurgical reactor, which protects the reactor walls from thermal, physical, and chemical attacks. Because of the freeze lining's high thermal resistance, the reactor heat losses strongly depend on the freeze lining thickness. In a batch process such as slag fuming, the conditions change with time, affecting the freeze lining thickness. Determining the freeze lining thickness is challenging as it cannot be measured directly. In this study, a conceptual framework based on the morphology and microstructure of freeze lining and the rheology of the slag is discussed and experimentally evaluated to determine the freeze lining thickness. It was found that the bath/freeze lining interface lies just below critical viscosity temperature. The growth of the freeze lining is primarily controlled by the mechanical and thermal degradation of the crystals forming at the interface. The bath/freeze lining interface temperature for the measured slag lies in the range of 1035–1070°C.
Anthropomorphizing Technology: A Conceptual Review of Anthropomorphism Research and How it Relates to Children’s Engagements with Digital Voice Assistants
Authors: Festerling Janik , Siraj Iram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract‘Anthropomorphism’ is a popular term in the literature on human-technology engagements, in general, and child-technology engagements, in particular. But what does it really mean to ‘anthropomorphize’ something in today’s world? This conceptual review article, addressed to researchers interested in anthropomorphism and adjacent areas, reviews contemporary anthropomorphism research, and it offers a critical perspective on how anthropomorphism research relates to today’s children who grow up amid increasingly intelligent and omnipresent technologies, particularly digital voice assistants (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri). First, the article reviews a comprehensive body of quantitative as well as qualitative anthropomorphism research and considers it within three different research perspectives:descriptive,normativeandexplanatory. Following a brief excursus on philosophical pragmatism, the article then discusses each research perspective from a pragmatistic viewpoint, with a special emphasis on child-technology and child-voice-assistant engagements, and it also challenges some popular notions in the literature. These notions include descriptive ‘as if’ parallels (e.g., child behaves ‘as if’ Alexa was a friend), or normative assumptions that human-human engagements are generally superior to human-technology engagements. Instead, the article reviews different examples from the literature suggesting the nature of anthropomorphism may change as humans’ experiential understandings of humanness change, and this may particularly apply to today’s children as their social cognition develops in interaction with technological entities which are increasingly characterized by unprecedented combinations of human and non-human qualities.
Dynamic factor models: Does the specification matter?
Authors: Miranda Karen , Poncela Pilar , Ruiz Esther 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDynamic factor models (DFMs), which assume the existence of a small number of unobserved underlying factors common to a large number of variables, are very popular among empirical macroeconomists. Factors can be extracted using either nonparametric principal components or parametric Kalman filter and smoothing procedures, with the former being computationally simpler and robust against misspecification and the latter coping in a natural way with missing and mixed-frequency data, time-varying parameters, nonlinearities and non-stationarity, among many other stylized facts often observed in real systems of economic variables. This paper analyses the empirical consequences on factor estimation, in-sample predictions and out-of-sample forecasting of using alternative estimators of the DFM under various sources of potential misspecification. In particular, we consider factor extraction when assuming different number of factors and different factor dynamics. The factors are extracted from a popular data base of US macroeconomic variables, widely analyzed in the literature without consensus about the most appropriate model specification. We show that this lack of consensus is only marginally crucial when it comes to factor extraction, but it matters when the objective is out-of-sample forecasting.
Abolish! Against the Use of Risk Assessment Algorithms at Sentencing in the US Criminal Justice System
Authors: Schwerzmann Katia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, I show why it is necessary to abolish the use of predictive algorithms in the US criminal justice system at sentencing. After presenting the functioning of these algorithms in their context of emergence, I offer three arguments to demonstrate why their abolition is imperative. First, I show that sentencing based on predictive algorithms induces a process of rewriting the temporality of the judged individual, flattening their life into a present inescapably doomed by its past. Second, I demonstrate that recursive processes, comprising predictive algorithms and the decisions based on their predictions, systematically suppress outliers and progressively transform reality to match predictions. In my third and final argument, I show that decisions made on the basis of predictive algorithms actively perform a biopolitical understanding of justice as management and modulation of risks. In such a framework, justice becomes a means to maintain a perverse social homeostasis that systematically exposes disenfranchised Black and Brown populations to risk.
Visuelle Leistungen von Leistungssportlern im Vergleich zu Nicht‑/Freizeitsportlern
Authors: Koppelwiser Theresa , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungVisuelle Fähigkeiten und Adaptationsreserven im Bereich der Blickmotorik sind mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf die sportliche Leistung. Sie sind für das Erreichen sportlicher Erfolge von Bedeutung und stehen deshalb im Fokus der Forschung. Ziel der Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, ob Leistungssportler bessere visuelle Leistungen aufweisen als Nicht‑/Freizeitsportler und ob es Unterschiede zwischen Individual- und Mannschaftssportlern gibt.In einer Querschnittsstudie wurden die periphere Wahrnehmung, Stereosehen und das afferente dynamische Sehen bei 61 Männern und 61 Frauen im Alter zwischen 14 und 59 Jahren getestet. Entsprechend ihrer sportlichen Aktivität erfolgte die Einteilung in die Kontrollgruppe (Nicht‑/Freizeitsportler; n = 42) und Leistungssportler (n = 80) mit mehr als 4‑mal Training pro Woche über mehr als 3 Jahre in den Untergruppen Individualsport (n = 37) und Mannschaftssport (n = 43). Gruppenunterschiede wurden mit dem Mann-Whitney-U-Test bzw. Kruskal-Wallis-Test geprüft.Die Ergebnisse weisen lediglich vereinzelt signifikante Unterschiede hinsichtlich der visuellen Fähigkeiten auf. Die Leistungssportler haben mit durchschnittlich 74,3 ± 55,2 Winkelsekunden eine bessere Tiefensehschärfe als die Kontrollgruppe mit 97,2 ± 79,8 Winkelsekunden (p < 0,05). Die periphere Wahrnehmung ist bei Leistungssportlern tendenziell besser im Vergleich zu Nicht‑/Freizeitsportlern. Rund 2,5 % der Leistungssportler waren fehlsichtig mit einem Visus unter 0,63. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit, die Sehleistung der Sportler zu testen, um z. B. die Konsequenzen für ein gezieltes sportartspezifisches Training dieser Funktionen zu ziehen.
Entrepreneurs’ Exit Strategy Intentions and Their Final Exit Paths
Authors: Hohen Sascha , Schweizer Lars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores entrepreneurs’ initially intended exit strategies and compares them to their final exit paths using an inductive approach that builds on the grounded theory methodology. Our data shows that initially intended and final exit strategies differ among entrepreneurs. Two groups of entrepreneurs emerged from our data. The first group comprises entrepreneurs who financed their firms through equity investors. The second group is made up of entrepreneurs who financed their businesses solely with their own equities. Our data shows that the first group originally intended a financial harvest exit strategy and settled with this harvest exit strategy. The second group initially intended a stewardship exit strategy but did not succeed. We used the theory of planned behavior and the behavioral agency model to analyze our data. By examining our results from these two theoretical perspectives, our study explains how entrepreneurs’ exit intentions lead to their actual exit strategies.
Implementing ‘real’ change: a Bourdieusian take on stakeholder reflections from the United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities project in Uruguay
Authors: Wescott Holly , MacLachlan Mac 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to illustrate the process of implementing a national disability project targeting structural change facilitated by the United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD), and analysed through the theoretical lens of Pierre Bourdieu. This paper presents qualitative case study findings from interviews with key representatives from the UNPRPD country project in Uruguay in 2019. Participant responses were coded and analysed using Bourdieu's definitions of field, doxa, capital, habitus and hysteresis as a framework to understand complex inter-institutional experiences. Findings indicate a significant shift in cultural capital within government ministries and United Nations agencies. Immersion into a paradigm of disability rights and programmatic doxa established by the UNPRPD altered fundamental aspects of participant habitus, creating a mismatch between internal and environmental conditions. Furthermore, shifts in political power created concerns about what constitutes ‘real’ change, and increased the disruption between habitus and perceptions about the UNPRPD project achievements.
FRAND Defences Against the Grant of Injunctive Relief: Applying Huawei v ZTE in Singapore and China
Authors: Lau Joseph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom the size of A4 paper to 5G in the telecommunications sector, standards are ubiquitous. Standard essential patents (SEPs), which protect technology essential to standards, enable their proprietors to gain significant market power. Antitrust authorities therefore scrutinize the exercise of SEPs for breaches of competition law. In this regard, the ability of SEP proprietors to obtain injunctions against implementers as a remedy for infringement of SEPs where licensing negotiations have broken down or are ‘ongoing’ has proven controversial. Some fear that this enables SEP proprietors to threaten injunctions unless implementers agree to unfair, unreasonable, or discriminatory terms. In Huawei Technologies Co Ltd v ZTE Corp [2015] ECLI:EU:C:2015:477, the Court of Justice of the European Union identified circumstances where a SEP proprietor's application for injunctive relief as a remedy for infringement of its SEP constitutes an abuse of a dominant position, with the classification of the SEP proprietor's application as being abusive forming a ‘FRAND Defence’ which implementers may invoke against the grant of the injunction requested. This article analyzes whether this approach can be replicated by the Singapore Courts and whether the Chinese Courts, which have already dealt with SEP licensing disputes, adopt a similar approach.
Refining the Right to Information in Vietnamese Consumer Law: Insights from Australia
Authors: Lu Lam Uyen , Selvadurai Niloufer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn upholding a consumer's right to information, regulations prohibiting misleading or deceptive conduct perform a critical role in supporting consumer welfare and encouraging equity in business and commerce. While Vietnam enacted a Law on Consumer Protection in 2010, its provisions in this area are limited in ambit and application. In order to improve the effectiveness of a consumer's right to information in Vietnam, it is useful to examine the Australia Consumer Law which has a sophisticated regulatory framework in this area. By comparing the laws prohibiting misleading or deceptive conduct in the Vietnamese Law on Consumer Protection and the Australia Consumer Law, this article identifies certain similarities and differences between the two legal systems, thereby clarifying shortcomings that can lead to inadequacies and inefficiencies of this area of the law and providing a platform for law reform in Vietnam.
Medical Care at California Wildfire Incident Base Camps
Authors: Backer Howard D. , Wright Charles , Dong Jialin , Baba Nathaniel , McFadden Honda , Rosen Brett 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The California Emergency Medical Services Authority manages and deploys California Medical Assistance Teams (CAL-MAT) to disaster medical incidents in the state. This analysis reviews diagnoses for ambulatory medical visits at multiple wildland fire incident base camp field sites in California during the 2020 fire season.

Methods:
Clinical data without personal health information were extracted retrospectively from patient care records from all patients seen by a provider. Results were entered into Excel spreadsheets with calculation of summary statistics.

Results:
During the 2020 fire season, CAL-MAT teams deployed 21 times for a total of 327 days to base camps supporting large fire incidents and cared for 1756 patients. Impacts of heat and environmental smoke are a constant factor near wildfires; however, our most common medical problem was rhus dermatitis (54.5%) due to poison oak. All 2020 medical missions were further complicated by prevention and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Conclusions:
There is very little literature regarding the acute medical needs facing responders fighting wildland fires. Ninety-five percent of clinical conditions presenting to a field medical team at the wildfire incident base camp during a severe fire season in California can be managed by small teams operating in field tents.
“Every death matters?”: Combat casualties, role conception, and civilian control
Authors: Mukherjee Anit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do combat missions, defined as an armed confrontation that causes casualties, shape civil-military relations and military’s role conception? This article argues that militaries that incur combat casualties gain a stronger hand in the civil-military equilibrium. This is because casualties affect domestic political opinion and give prominence to the views expressed by military officials. Civilians are then more deferential to professional military advice. In turn, the military obtains considerable operational freedom, and can pick and choose missions which they find desirable. Second, the military’s role conception – an important determinant of military missions, is shaped most prominently by its combat experience. Militaries sustaining casualties obtain leveragevis-à-viscivilians and based on their institutional preference, they either prioritise or avoid non-traditional missions. While making these arguments, this article examines combat casualties, role conception, and civilian control in India. These concepts as a whole and, the Indian case study especially are surprisingly understudied considering it is among the few non-Western democracies with firm civilian control, a record of overseas intervention operations and a military with varying roles and missions. Analysing India’s experience therefore adds to the literature and illuminates the mechanism through which casualties affect civil-military relations.
The interaction between suicidal ideation, insomnia symptoms, and student status
Authors: Stevenson Jodie C. , Irvine Kamila , Allen Sarah , Akram Umair 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Evidence demonstrates increased vulnerability to thoughts and behaviors related to suicide (i.e., suicidal ideation) in students. This study examined the interaction between insomnia-symptoms and student-status (students vs. non-students) on reports of suicidal thoughts of behaviors. A total of 363 (N = 363) university students and 300 (N = 300) members of the general population provided complete data on measures of insomnia-symptoms and suicidal ideation. Students indicated greater reports of both total and lifetime ideation while also considering suicidal behavior within the past year. However, no differences were observed in reports of possible future attempt(s) and the disclosure of suicidal thoughts and behaviors to another person. Moreover, students presenting concurrent symptoms of insomnia reported significantly elevated levels of suicidal ideation relative to nonstudents. These outcomes highlight the possible role of insomnia symptoms in accentuating suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the student population.
Competition between protons and substrate for binding to the major facilitator superfamily multidrug/H+ antiporter MdtM – RETRACTED
Authors: Law Christopher J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Proton electrochemical gradient-driven multidrug efflux activity of representatives of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of secondary active transporters contributes to antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Integral to the mechanism of these transporters is a proposed competition between substrate and protons for the binding site of the protein. The current work investigated the competition between protons and antimicrobial substrate for binding to the Escherichia coli MFS multidrug/H+ antiporter MdtM by measuring the quench of intrinsic protein fluorescence upon titration of substrate tetraphenylphosphonium into a solution of purified MdtM over a range of pH values between pH 8.8 and 5.9. The results, which revealed that protons inhibit binding of substrate to MdtM in a competitive manner, are consistent with those reported in a study on the related MFS multidrug/H+ antiporter MdfA and provide further evidence that competition for binding between substrate and protons is a general feature of secondary multidrug efflux.
Shock identification and classification in 2D magnetohydrodynamiccompressible turbulence—Orszag–Tang vortex
Authors: Snow Ben , Hillier Andrew , Murtas Giulia , Botha Gert J. J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is a common feature of astrophysical systems such as the solar atmosphere and interstellar medium. Such systems are rife with shock waves that can redistribute and dissipate energy. For an MHD system, three broad categories of shocks exist (slow, fast, and intermediate); however, the occurrence rates of each shock type are not known for turbulent systems. Here, we present a method for detecting and classifying the full range of MHD shocks applied to the Orszag–Tang vortex. Our results show that the system is dominated by fast and slow shocks, with far less-frequent intermediate shocks appearing most readily near magnetic reconnection sites. We present a potential mechanism that could lead to the formation of intermediate shocks in MHD systems, and study the coherency and abundances of shocks in compressible MHD turbulence.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies of self-report screening instruments for common mental disorders in Arabic-speaking adults
Authors: de Graaff Anne M. , Cuijpers Pim , Leeflang Mariska , Sferra Irene , Uppendahl Jana R. , de Vries Ralph , Sijbrandij Marit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf-report screening instruments are frequently used as scalable methods to detect common mental disorders (CMDs), but their validity across cultural and linguistic groups is unclear. We summarized the diagnostic accuracy of brief questionnaires on symptoms of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Arabic-speaking adults.MethodsFive databases were searched from inception to 22 January 2021 (PROSPERO: CRD42018070645). Studies were included when diagnostic accuracy of brief (maximally 25 items) psychological questionnaires was assessed in Arabic-speaking populations and the reference standard was a clinical interview. Data on sensitivity/specificity, area under the curve, and data to generate 2 × 2 tables at various thresholds were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using the diagmeta package in R. Quality of studies was assessed with QUADAS-2.ResultsThirty-two studies (Nparticipants= 4042) reporting on 17 questionnaires with 5–25 items targeting depression/anxiety (n= 14), general distress (n= 2), and PTSD (n= 1) were included. Seventeen studies (53%) scored high risk on at least two QUADAS-2 domains. The meta-analysis identified an optimal threshold of 11 (sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 85.1%) for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (nstudies= 7,nparticipants= 711), 7 (sensitivity 81.9%, specificity 87.6%) for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) anxiety subscale and 6 (sensitivity 73.0%, specificity 88.6%) for the depression subscale (nstudies= 4,nparticipants= 492), and 8 (sensitivity 86.0%, specificity 83.9%) for the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) (nstudies= 4,nparticipants= 459).ConclusionWe present optimal thresholds to screen for perinatal depression with the EPDS, anxiety/depression with the HADS, and CMDs with the SRQ-20. More research on Arabic-language questionnaires, especially those targeting PTSD, is needed.
The Aloneness Argument fails
Authors: Pawl Timothy Joseph , Grant W. Matthews 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchmid and Mullins present what they call ‘the Aloneness Argument’ for the inconsistency of four theses from classical theism: the doctrine of divine simplicity, the doctrine of divine omniscience, the claim that God is free to create or not to create, and the claim that it is possible that God and nothing but God exist. We deny that they have shown an inconsistency between these theses. We maintain that, depending on how certain premises are interpreted, one or another premise is false. We also offer a positive proposal regarding a simple God's knowledge that he is alone in a world where he doesn't create anything.
To what extent does early childhood education policy in Australia recognise and propose action on the social determinants of health and health equity?
Authors: VAN EYK HELEN , BAUM FRAN , FISHER MATT , MACDOUGALL COLIN , LAWLESS ANGELA 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly childhood education (ECE) and development is internationally recognised as important to child health and wellbeing and to enabling children to become healthy productive adults. This paper analyses Australian ECE policy current in 2019. It uses the institutional framework of ideas, actors and institutions to determine the extent to which ECE policy recognises and acts on social determinants of health and health equity. We found that the policies supported integrated approaches, intersectoral collaboration and partnerships with parents and families. Evidence was important in formulating the ideas underpinning ECE policy. ECE was widely recognised as a social determinant of health, and the impacts of other social determinants of health and health equity were acknowledged. The ECE policies tended to be future-focused and not respond to social determinants that influence children and their families in the present time. The policies lacked strategies to address social determinants, or to engage with other sectors for this purpose. While some policies focused on breaking the cycle of disadvantage, they did not explore potential policy responses to pathways from intergenerational disadvantage to reduce poverty. Despite this, Australian ECE policy has achieved significant coherence, with shared understandings of the purpose and benefits of ECE.