bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eggshell derived nano‐hydroxyapatite incorporated carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold for dentine regeneration: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Baskar Kaviya , Saravana Karthikeyan Balasubramanian , Gurucharan Ishwarya , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Rajkumar Gurusamy , Dhivya Vijayakumar , Kishen Anil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo assess odontogenic differentiation abilities of porous biomineralizable composite scaffolds comprising eggshell derived nano‐hydroxyapatite (HAnp) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on cultured human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodologyNano‐hydroxyapatite was derived from eggshells using a simple combustion method and CMC was prepared from chitosan through a chemical route. Several compositions of HAnp‐CMC (0:5, 5:0, 1:5, 2:5, 3:5, 4:5 and 1:1 w/w%) scaffolds were prepared by magnetic stirring and freeze‐drying methods. HAnp‐CMC scaffolds were characterized using high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction methods. In vitro bioactivity was determined following the interaction in simulated body fluid for 21 days. The optimized composite was then loaded onto hDPSCs to assess cell viability/proliferation, dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry methods, respectively, following 7, 14 and 21 days. For intergroup and intragroup comparisons, Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests were employed, respectively, followed by appropriate post hoc test (Dunn). Significant levels were set at *p < .05 and *p < .01.ResultsSynthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) comprised crystals ranging from 20 to 50 nm (HAnp) with spherulite morphology and calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratio of 1.67. The ultrastructure of all the scaffolds revealed a highly interconnected porous microstructure, whilst the chemical characterization displayed specific functional groups of both HAnp and CMC. In vitro bioactivity assessment confirmed the biomineralization potential of all scaffolds with an apatite‐like crystal formation on the surface. The 1:5 HAnp‐CMC revealed a favourable pore size (60–180 µm) that was suitable for cell seeding and was chosen for further experiments. Cell viability/proliferation rates of hDPSCs loaded 1:5 HAnp‐CMC at 21st day was significantly greater than that at 7th day (p < .05). The mean relative quantification of DSPP expression by the scaffold was significantly higher (p < .05) on day 21 (3.16) than on day 7 (1.67). Mean fluorescence intensity of the VEGF expression at day 21 (32.5) was also significantly higher (p < .01) than at day 7 (12.54).ConclusionhDPSCs on 1:5 HAnp‐CMC scaffolds displayed increased cell viability/proliferation and enhanced DSPP as well as VEGF expressions. The 1:5 HAnp‐CMC composite has the potential to serve as a promising scaffold for dentine regeneration.
Stereolithographic additive manufacturing of acoustic devices with spatially modulated cavities
Authors: Kirihara Soshu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStereolithographic additive manufacturing (STL‐AM) has been developed to create practical components with functional geometries. Nanoparticles are mechanically dispersed into photosensitive resins, and the resulting mixed paste is thinly spread on a flat substrate. One‐dimensional (1D) raster lines were cured via ultraviolet laser scanning. Two‐dimensional (2D) cross‐sections are formed by adjacent joining. Three‐dimensional (3D) solid structures are fabricated via lamination bonding. The composite precursors were dewaxed and sintered under optimized heat treatment conditions. Computer‐aided design, manufacture, and evaluation (CAD/CAM/CAE) processes of acoustic devices with rigid alumina structures will be progressively reviewed. Cylindrical cavities were divided into self‐similar volumes as harmonic instruments to perform overtone sounds. Spherical cavities were connected with steric junctions as noise suppressors to exhibit absorption bands. Qualitative improvements in social and industrial environments by using stereolithographic technologies are discussed and practically demonstrated.
Therapeutic management of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and chromoblastomycosis in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective study of 82 cases in a single center
Authors: Lima Alice Cortes de Castro , Santos Daniel Wagner de C. L. , Hirata Sérgio Henrique , Nishikaku Angela Satie , Enokihara Milvia Maria Simões e Silva , Ogawa Marilia Marufuji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelanized fungi are a distinct group of pathogens that cause infections like chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis, especially in a state of immunosuppression including solid organ transplant recipients. Guidelines for the treatment of these infections are lacking, and there is no available standard recommendation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic aspects of subcutaneous melanized fungal infections in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsA retrospective medical record was performed for kidney transplant recipients with melanized fungal infection evaluated in a single institution from January 1996 to December 2018.ResultsEighty‐two episodes were noticed in our series. The treatment of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis was managed by surgical excision without antifungal therapy in 34 cases (34/68; 50%), and the association of both methods occurred in 18 cases (18/68; 26.5%). A complete surgical excision without antifungal therapy was observed in six (6/14; 42.9%) episodes of chromoblastomycosis, and combined treatment was possible in three (3/14; 21.4%) cases. Five episodes of chromoblastomycosis and 16 episodes of phaeohyphomycosis were managed only with antifungal therapy.ConclusionManagement depends on the dermatologic lesion, immunosuppression condition, and anatomical cleavage plane. The sample size is still small in order to dictate a guideline, but it can be hard to execute a larger study given the rarity of this group of infections.
Inelastic relaxation in silica via reactive molecular dynamics
Authors: Rimsza Jessica M. , Grutzik Scott J. , Jones Reese E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilica glass exhibits rate‐dependent and irreversible processes during deformation and failure, resulting in inelastic effects. To explore this phenomena, molecular dynamics simulations of structural relaxation surrounding a crack tip in silica glass were performed at four different temperatures (100, 300, 600, 900 K) using a reactive force field. Per‐atom stresses were found to relax during the simulation, with the highest stress relaxation occurring at 900 K. Stress relaxation was radially dependent relative to the crack tip, with stress dissipation occurring primarily within a 25–30 Å inelastic region. Within 10 Å of the crack tip, the defect concentration decreased from 0.18 to 0.09 #/nm2 during inelastic relaxation at 900 K. Conversely, the defect concentration 20 Å from the crack tip increased from 0.105 to 0.118 #/nm2 at 300 K, and from 0.113 to 0.126 #/nm2 at 600 K, which formed a defect‐enriched region ahead of the crack tip. The difference in defect concentrations suggests the possibility of a stress mediated defect migration mechanism, where defects move away from the crack tip during inelastic relaxation. Additionally, defect speciation indicated that undercoordinated silica defects, such as non‐bridging oxygen, were removed through the formation of higher coordination defects during relaxation. Overall, stress relaxation causes changes in the defect concentration profile near the crack tip, which has the potential to alter the properties of silica glass in the inelastic region during relaxation.
A realist review of the home care literature and its blind spots
Authors: Contandriopoulos Damien , Stajduhar Kelli , Sanders Tanya , Carrier Annie , Bitschy Ami , Funk Laura 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThere is a large body of literature from all over the world that describes, analyzes, or evaluates home care models and interventions. The present article aims to identify the practical lessons that can be gained from a systematic examination of that literature.MethodWe conducted a three‐step sequential search process from which 113 documents were selected. That corpus was then narratively analysed according to a realist review approach.ResultsA first level of observation is that there are multiple blind spots in the existing literature on home care. The definition and delimitation of what constitutes home care services is generally under‐discussed. In the same way, the composition of the basket of care provided and its fit with the need of recipients is under‐addressed. Finally, the literature relies heavily on RCTs whose practical contribution to decisions or policy is disputable. At a second level, our analysis suggests that three mechanisms (system integration, case management and relational continuity) are core characteristics of home care models' effectiveness.ConclusionWe conclude by providing advice for supporting the design and implementation of stronger home care delivery systems. Our analysis suggests that doing so implies a series of sequential steps: identify what system‐level goals the model should achieve and which populations it should serve; identify what type of services are likely to achieve those goals in order to establish a basket of services; and finally, identify the best ways and specific means to effectively and efficiently provide those services. Those same steps can also support ex‐post evaluations of existing home care systems.
Integral evaluation for intermittent cold storage of apples by using mathematical modeling
Authors: Han Jia‐Wei , Ji Zeng‐Tao , Zuo Min , Yang Xin‐Ting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study proposes an integrated approach to evaluate the efficiency of intermittent warming (IW) on cooling rate, uniformity, energy efficiency, mass loss, and the development of CIs by combining experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The results show that the cooling homogeneity and mass loss increases with increasing the warming duration and frequency, although the incidence of chilling injuries (CIs) and energy consumption decrease under these conditions. Near the bottom of the pallet, CIs increased and mass loss decreased because of the higher cooling rate of fruit in this zone. The accuracy of the CFD simulations was confirmed by a good agreement with experiments. The root‐mean‐square error and mean absolute percentage error for fruit temperature were 0.879°C and 21.42%, respectively.Practical applicationsReducing energy consumption and chilling injuries (CIs) is vital for improving the overall economic benefits of the cold chain and maintaining poststorage quality in fresh fruit. This research provides a reliable theoretical and experimental basis for improving the efficacy of IW and for ensuring optimum IW treatment and thereby minimizing energy consumption and CIs during fruit storage.
Elucidation of steady shear flow properties of β‐glucan solutions under different thermal and environmental conditions by different rheological models
Authors: Hematian Sourki Abdollah , Koocheki Arash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study was carried out to investigate flow behavior of β‐glucan of hull‐less barley cultivar Lut, as influences of concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%); temperatures (5, 25, 45, and 60°C); NaCl and CaCl2 salts; pHs; and sugar. Shear stress data were fitted versus shear rates using the models with yield stress such as Casson, Heinz–Casson, Mizrahi–Berk, Generalized Herschel–Bulkley, Vocaldo, and Schulmann–Haroske–Reher together with general model of power law. Power law model provided the most appropriate fit for flow behavior properties of β‐glucan at various concentrations and temperatures with high R2 and low root mean square error. By increase in temperature, consistency coefficient was decreased and flow behavior index was enhanced. Results showed that consistency coefficient increased nonlinearly along with increase in concentration. The highest dependency of consistency coefficient on temperature was observed at 1% concentration (Ea = 31.4 kJ/mol). Apparent viscosity was decreased at 1% concentration of salts. The reduction of apparent viscosity was sharper for NaCl than CaCl2. The highest value of consistency coefficients and the lowest flow behavior indices were found in pH range of 5–7. Increase in sucrose concentration up to 30% elevated consistency coefficient but had no significant effect on flow behavior index. In general, the results showed that the flow behavior of β‐glucan in different conditions can be well interpreted by most rheological models. β‐glucan can also be introduced to the food industry as a suitable thickener in the variety of food solutions with different physicochemical properties (temperature, pH, and the presence of salts and sugar).Practical ApplicationsResearch in the field of rheological behaviors of food fluids plays critical role in designing the processes, transportation systems (pumps and pipes), heat transfer equipment (heat exchangers and evaporators), and determination of the correlation between sensory and textural properties of foods. Temperature, concentration, and environmental conditions (pH, salt, and sugar) are predicted to have a significant effect on the flow behavior of β‐glucan solution. Evaluation of flow behavior of β‐glucan solutions using rheological models provides a reliable prediction about flow behavior of them under various conditions of processing, production, and storage. Food liquids experience different concentrations, temperatures and pH during production, storage, transportation, distribution, marketing, and so forth. Therefore, modeling and simulating the flow behavior of β‐glucan solutions helps foods containing this dietary fiber (as a hydrocolloid) to easily withstand various environmental and thermal conditions in industrial processes without any problems.
Women's views of birth after cesarean section
Authors: Sys Dorota , Kajdy Anna , Baranowska Barbara , Tataj‐Puzyna Urszula , Gotlib Joanna , Bączek Grażyna , Rabijewski Michał 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundVaginal birth is a safe mode of childbirth for the majority of women after cesarean section (CS). However, data show that women who have undergone a CS are more likely to have an elective CS (ECS) than a vaginal birth after CS (VBAC) in many areas of the world.AimThis study aimed to review the literature about women's mode of birth preferences and attitudes and the underlying reasons for, and factors associated with, their preferences.MethodsThis is narrative literature review. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched, limiting the results to non‐interventional studies published between 1990 and 2020. Twenty‐one articles were included in the analysis.ResultsThe review found 34 different factors that influence women's preferences. Five factors influenced both VBAC and ECS preference, depending on the study. The most common factors having a dualistic effect on preference were: medical staff recommendation, doctor's opinion, and fear of pain. The most common factors were: desire to experience natural childbirth, faster/easier recovery, support from doctor's, and midwife's opinion. Among the factors influencing the preference for ECS, two were particularly prominent: predictability, controllability and comfortability of CS and the belief that CS is safer for the baby and/or mother.ConclusionsOur review showed that there are a variety of factors that influence women's preference for the mode of delivery after CS. Some of these have a dualistic effect according to the study. The key to making an informed decision regarding the mode of delivery is communication with medical professionals.
Tongue cleaning in the elderly and its role in the respiratory and swallowing functions: Benefits and medical perspectives
Authors: Izumi Maya , Akifusa Sumio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOral dysfunction, including oral uncleanness and decline in tongue motor function, tongue pressure and swallowing function, precedes frailty. The tongue's dorsum is a reservoir of oral microbiota, desquamated epithelial mucosa and leukocytes due to the multi‐papillate anatomy, and leads to tongue coating. The tongue coating is frequently found in older adults because of hyposalivation, immunity's hypoactivity, diminished motor function and compromised tongue's pressure with age. Anaerobe‐driven volatile sulphur compounds in tongue coating are a major cause of intra‐oral malodor. Dysbiosis of the tongue‐coating microbiome rather than the amount of microorganisms is associated with a risk of aspiration pneumonia. Daily tongue cleaning with a brush or scraper is an easy way to control tongue coating deposits and quality. Using mouth wash or rinse‐containing germicides is also a way to control the microbiota of tongue coating. The tongue function is closely related to swallowing. Tongue and suprahyoid muscles are linked with respiratory muscles through the endothoracic fascia. The mechanical stimulation during the cleaning of the tongue may stimulate the respiratory muscles. An intervention trial revealed that tongue cleaning by mucosal brush improves tongue pressure, swallowing and respiratory function in old residents of nursing homes, suggesting a rehabilitative effect of tongue cleaning on the swallowing and respiratory functions, preventing aspiration pneumonia. This narrative review assesses the tongue‐cleaning benefits for respiratory and swallowing functions and the possibility of preventing aspiration pneumonia.
HAGLROS promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis and inhibits apoptosis by activating multiple signaling pathways in LSCC cells
Authors: Ma Yunxia , Zhang Hui , Li Xiaohong , Liu Yehai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHAGLROS is a long noncoding RNA involving in the development of a variety of cancers, but its mechanism of action in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) is still unclear. We aim to unveil the effect and mechanism of HAGLROS on LSCC.MethodsThe expression of HAGLROS in LSCC patients’ tissues, serum, and LSCC cell lines was quantified by quantitative real‐time PCR. AMC‐HN‐8 and SNU‐46 cells were transfected with the overexpression plasmid of HAGLROS and shHAGLROS, and the functional assay (colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and tube formation) was performed. Western blot was used to determine the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), P27 and cleaved caspase‐3, as well as phosphorylated‐c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (p‐JNK), JNK, phosphorylated‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (p‐Erk1/2), Erk1/2, phosphorylated‐protein kinase B (p‐AKT) and AKT.ResultsHAGLROS was highly expressed in LSCC tissues and cells, and it was correlated to lymph node, tumor depth, and clinical stage of LSCC patients. The proliferation ability of LSCC cells was higher than that of HuLa‐PC cells. Meanwhile, HAGLROS overexpression promoted the abilities of proliferation and angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis, whereas silencing of HAGLROS exerted the opposite effects in LSCC cell lines. Moreover, overexpressed HAGLROS upregulated the expressions of VEGF and PCNA yet downregulated the expressions of P27 and cleaved caspase‐3 by activating Erk1/2 and AKT or JNK signaling pathways in different LSCC cell lines.ConclusionOverexpressed HAGLROS promoted the proliferation and angiogenesis yet inhibited apoptosis of LSCC cells by activating Erk1/2 and AKT or JNK signaling pathways.
Concentrating vs. spreading our footprint: how to meet humanity's needs at least cost to nature
Authors: Balmford A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow to feed, house, clothe and power 11 billion of us without eliminating very many species and wrecking Earth's climate is perhaps this century's greatest challenge. We must obviously strive to curb growth in resource‐intensive demand, but we also need to identify production systems that meet people's needs at least overall cost to nature. The land‐sharing/sparing concept provides a quantitative framework for doing this, centred around the principle that generating meaningful insights requires comparing alternatives that are matched in terms of overall production. Applications of this framework to >2500 individually assessed species of vertebrates, plants and insects across five continents show that most species decline under farming, and that most would fare least badly under a land‐sparing approach – with high‐yield production meeting demand in a relatively small, farmed area, freeing‐up space for conservation of intact habitats elsewhere in the landscape. However, important questions remain around how to deliver high yields sustainably, and how to ensure high‐yield farming does indeed spare natural habitat. The framework is increasingly being applied in other domains too – including urban planning, recreation, forestry and fisheries – where it has the potential to shed light on long‐running debates about whether nature would prefer us to concentrate our impact or spread it more lightly but widely. The realization that conservation cannot be delivered without simultaneously considering how humanity meets its needs in these and other sectors is of particular significance as policymakers meet to establish global environmental targets through to 2030 and beyond.
Genomic‐based epidemiology reveals independent origins and gene flow of glyphosate resistance in Bassia scoparia populations across North America
Authors: Ravet Karl , Sparks Crystal D. , Dixon Andrea L. , Küpper Anita , Westra Eric P. , Pettinga Dean J. , Tranel Patrick J. , Felix Joel , Morishita Don W. , Jha Prashant , Kniss Andrew , Stahlman Phillip W. , Neve Paul , Patterson Eric L. , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenomic‐based epidemiology can provide insight into the origins and spread of herbicide resistance mechanisms in weeds. We used kochia (Bassia scoparia) populations resistant to the herbicide glyphosate from across western North America to test the alternative hypotheses that (i) a single EPSPS gene duplication event occurred initially in the Central Great Plains and then subsequently spread to all other geographical areas now exhibiting glyphosate‐resistant kochia populations or that (ii) gene duplication occurred multiple times in independent events in a case of parallel evolution. We used qPCR markers previously developed for measuring the structure of the EPSPS tandem duplication to investigate whether all glyphosate‐resistant individuals had the same EPSPS repeat structure. We also investigated population structure using simple sequence repeat markers to determine the relatedness of kochia populations from across the Central Great Plains, Northern Plains and the Pacific Northwest. We found that the original EPSPS duplication genotype was predominant in the Central Great Plains where glyphosate resistance was first reported. We identified two additional EPSPS duplication genotypes, one having geographical associations with the Northern Plains and the other with the Pacific Northwest. The EPSPS duplication genotype from the Pacific Northwest seems likely to represent a second, independent evolutionary origin of a resistance allele. We found evidence of gene flow across populations and a general lack of population structure. The results support at least two independent evolutionary origins of glyphosate resistance in kochia, followed by substantial and mostly geographically localized gene flow to spread the resistance alleles into diverse genetic backgrounds.