bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of physics and physics teaching in Brazil: Physicists, physics teachers and physics licensure programs
Authors: Nardi Roberto , Alcântara Rodolfo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is part of a study that aims to present a panorama of the teaching of physics in Brazil, contributing to the memory of physics teaching in this country. It also aims to support research of greater amplitude, to be carried out in the future in other member countries of IUPAP (International Union of Pure and Applied Physics). In this part of the study, data from several sources were considered, among others, Brazilian Society of Physics (BSP), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Nacional Institute of Pedagogical Studies (INEP) and the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC). Due to the wide range of information obtained and the multiple possibilities of analysis, we chose to explore and interpret part of the data here and, for that matter, we used documentary analysis only. The data analyzed allowed us to establish, for example, relationships between the number of students attending high school in Brazilian public schools, the number of licensed teachers who work in these schools in each state of the country. These data also allowed us to link with data from the literature on the subject, which consider the causes of teaching avoidance and undergraduate courses in Physics, aggravating factors for the precarious situation of the medium level physics teaching in the country.
Structural health monitoring of splice joint in a steel beam
Authors: Aastha  , Singh RR 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, steel sections are extensively used in various constructions because of its lesser erection time and higher reliability. These members are connected either by welding or bolts. As time goes on, the structure degrades due to various reasons. In our study, the degradation of joints with bolted connections is presented. In reality, joints are damaged frequently when compared to the other parts of the structure. As bridges are generally of long spans, splicing is done to ensure the continuity of the spans and this splicing is done with the help of welding or bolts. Loosening of bolts is the most common damage that occurs in bolts, making the joint act like a semi-rigid joint. We have considered a bridge model consisting of two beams connected by splicing with bolts’ help, and this entire modelling is done in ABAQUS 6.13. Our intention to study the behaviour of the joint in both damaged and undamaged case. Loosening of bolts is considered as damage, and deflection of the joint is considered as the extent of the damage. We have performed a static analysis of the model. Theoretical validation is also done by developing an elemental stiffness matrix with semi-rigid connections using fixity factors.
Investigation of electric properties of flax reinforced polypropylene/strontium titanate composite for multilayer dielectric applications
Authors: Prashanth PVS Hari , Jayamani Elammaran , Soon Kok Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrical properties such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, capacitance, and conductivity are some of the properties that are required to be investigated when a novel composite is fabricated. This research aims to achieve a low dielectric constant (less than 4.2), lowered dissipation factor, lowered conductivity by fabricating a novel natural fiber reinforced polymer composite and investigating its properties. In this research, polypropylene with 14 wt% of strontium titanate, 8 wt% of treated flax fibers was fabricated using compression molding and tested for their dielectric and conductive properties. The capacitance and dielectric constant were significantly higher (43 percent) than that of pure PP or PP-flax, and a gradual decrease was observed as the frequency was increased. The dissipation factor and conductivity were found to be higher for pure PP. However, the full composite exhibited moderate conductivity showing that delays in charge losses could occur, making it an ideal composite for dielectric multilayer applications.
Discussion and analysis of different in-situ methods for fabrication of Aluminium-TiB2 composite
Authors: Pathak Ruchi , Sanbigrahi Pritha , Singh Rajeev 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, different in-situ phase development techniques in the aluminium matrix are analyzed based on results obtained by using these methods. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of aluminium-matrix composites reinforced by in situ titanium diboride (TiB2) have been analyzed in this paper. During the study, it is found that using in-situ methods for phase development in aluminium-based composites is more appropriate than other ex-situ methods. The interfaces between titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforcement and aluminium (Al)matrix are clean, and enhanced mechanical characteristics can be achieved.
Optimization and fabrication of pure poly lactic acid (PLA) using hot press compression moulding
Authors: Kamran M J , Jayamani E , Soon K H , Wong Y C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA) samples were optimized and fabricated for flexural, tensile, hardness, and dielectric testing, according to the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM). In order to achieve the highest value of tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness, hot pressing compression molding was utilized to optimize PLA. Furthermore, not enough research was available regarding the preparation of PLA samples or composites using hot press compression molding. However, different processing variables such as temperature, pressure, compression time, holding and cooling time played huge roles. Each of these variables were investigated in order to optimize the PLA properties. Composites samples were also produced using the optimized processing parameters. These samples were then tested for tensile strength, which was 2.2 Mpa, flexural strength, 7.6 Mpa, Rockwell hardness C scale, 59, and dielectric constant/loss. The highest dielectric constant value achieved was 1.07810 at 1kHz frequency, and the highest amount of dielectric loss was 0.14910 at 2MHz frequency.
Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete with silica fume
Authors: Yandrapati Aravind Sai , Anil Kumar M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research, the mechanical properties of polypropylene and silica fume are examined with the 0.40% water-cement ratio of M40 grade concrete. The synthetic polypropylene fibers of length 12mm short fibers. in this study, the polypropylene fibers are used up to 0.3% (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%). And the silica fume is being utilized as a substitute for cement with a 4% mass of cement in all the mix proportions. The addition of silica fume to the cementitious matrix strengthened fiber scattering, resulting in a substantial decrease in the absorbency of the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete(PPFRC). Superplasticizer is also added to these concrete mixes to increase workability. The concrete samples are prepared and cured for 7, 28 days. After completing the curing duration, samples were tested. After That finally, the mechanical properties, as comp. strength, split tensile, bending strength and mode of failure and ultimate load are determined and all proportions of the mix are compared to traditional concrete.
Artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction of process parameters in additive manufacturing
Authors: Sondagar Hardik , Bhadauria S S , Sharma V S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, selective laser melting (SLM), a part of additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most encouraging ones that permit fabricating metallic parts from metal powder with complex geometry. Diversities in thesecycle boundaries become an imperative system to improve the nature of the outcome.Cycleboundaries, for example, laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, layer height used as input parameters and have a significant impact on the mechanical property taken as an output parameter of the manufactured part. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model includes a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) learning algorithm named as Levenberg-Marquardt and tangent sigmoid function consider as preparing and testing functions respectively utilizing MATLAB toolkit. Ideal cycle boundaries are attained dependent on the mean square error function (MSE) and correlation coefficient(R2).
Influence of layer thickness and build orientation on compressive strength of 3D printed scaffolds prototypes
Authors: Sahu Kiran Kumar , Modi Yashwant Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research on fabrication of customised porous bone scaffolds through additive manufacturing has been gaining momentum since last couple of years. This paper presents an analysis of compressive strength (CS) of two slightly different calcium sulfate based proprietary materials namely, Zp150 and VisiJet PXL Core. The comparison is performed on different layer thickness (LT) and builds orientation (BO) of ZPrinter ®450 using full factorial design approach. Initially, a computer aided design (CAD) model of the porous scaffold with designed porosity is prepared in a CAD modelling software and then additive manufacturing is done on four different LT (0.089 mm, 0.101 mm, 0.112 mm and 0.125 mm) and three BO (along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis) of ZPrinter ®450. Analysis of CS reveals that prototypes made of VisiJet PXL Core material have shown a better strength in comparison with their Zp150 counterparts for similar LT and BO. In general, prototypes of both the materials printed along x-axis posses better CS for all the LT. Moreover, the prototype of VisiJet PXL Core material fabricated along x-axis on layer thickness 0.089 mm possesses highest (1.17 MPa) CS among all the prototypes.
Biomechanical matrix-multibody coupled human body model for seat to head transmissibility
Authors: Desai Raj , Guha Anirban , Seshu P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Health hazards of human body to whole body vibrations (WBV) have been linked with the incidence of spinal ailments within the drivers of vibrating moving equipment. The investigations on the biodynamic responsiveness of body segments; thus, it is relevant for a profound understanding of prospective impairment anticipations and design refinements. Current research work concentrates on seated body biodynamic direct and cross axis responses to seat induced vertical vibration, and establishment of an analytical model for the prediction of human anatomy comfort parameters. In the course of WBV vibrations of the human anatomy in a seated position (driver or passenger), the movement of the head is affected by the backrest forces transmitting to the lumbar section of the spinal column. Accordingly, it is crucial to reflect backrest assistance while building the human body model to captivate direct and cross axis seat to head transmissibility. Thus, the model results should accurately represent the internal forces, power absorbed, body acceleration accurately. The human anatomy is viewed as a biodynamic system of interconnected masses. A two-dimensional nine degree of freedom (DoF) matrix-multibody coupled backrest supported seated human anatomy model is established and validated to depict vertical and fore-aft head motion. Multi-objective genetic algorithm-based optimization has been used for model parameter identification by minimizing the error difference separating the experimental and model-derived seat to head transmissibility.
Review on various design aspects of the modern bicycle
Authors: Baviskar D , Bhosale A , Baswa A , Kulkarni K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In today’s world where we are surrounded by the smoke emitting vehicles, we must come up with more effective and sustainable solutions for transport. One of which is electric vehicles and other being bicycle.Since the innovation of bicycles till date a lot of improvements are done in its design, utility, and applications. Bicycle riding is one earliest modes of transport. Being so, it is the cleanest way of transportation as does not create any waste out of it. Bicycle riding is also considered as one the most effective ways of exercising. Bicycles find the largest market in the vehicle industry as it attracts small kids right from the age of 4yrs to senior citizen. The advancement in the field of ergonomics plays vital role in doing so.The developments on design and power transmissions have also up lifted the bar for utility. Due to this the application of bicycles now is not limited to simple exercising, racing, or travelling but also in the field of adventure sports, mountain climbing etc.
Improvement in engineering properties of clay soil using waste demolished material
Authors: Jain Gaurav , Pandit Prem Prakash , Narwariya Manoj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Expansive soil contain the highly active clay mineral in the form of montmorillonite due to which expensive soil swell upto 7% upon adding 1% of water, which may lead to unequal settlement of subsoil. The primary characterisation of clayey soil is which possess very poor shear strength with high shrinkage & swelling. This research paper represent a complete framework to overcome this drawback of highly expansive soil by adding waste material like fly ash and brick waste to clay soil in order to improve it’s engineering properties. Fly ash can be easily obtained from coal combustion plants while brick waste is easily available at demolition area. In this research fly ash is added in different percentages 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and brick waste is added 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% by weight of soil. The results of test shown that the addition of fly ash and brick waste reduces the liquid limit, plastic limit value, plasticity index value, optimum moisture content value, percentage free swell index value and increases the unconfined compressive strength value and California bearing ratio value.
Characterization of waste plastic in flexible pavement
Authors: Rajput Balram Singh , Singh Rajawat Sachindra Pratap , Jain Gaurav 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The degree of waste plastic in metropolitan strong waste (MSW) is escalating because of growth in populace, urbanization, improvement exercises and way of life changes that have prompted far reaching finishing. Since, these aren’t orchestrated deductively and believability to make ground water source defilement. This plastic waste material midway substituted the standard material to enhance needed mechanical ascribes designed for explicit road mixture. In the standing research made methodologies to utilize waste plastic for improvement inspiration driving roads and versatile black-tops has explored. In standard road construction, majorly bitumen is utilized as folio. For the top most layer of flexible black top bitumen can be modified with bitumen blend and lavish plastic pieces. This waste plastic altered bitumen mixture shows improved limiting properties, sufficiency, thickness and impenetrable to water.
Experimental study on dimensional accuracy of freeform fabricated thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Bhardwaj Tarun , Jain Pradeep , Singh Devendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the prominent additive manufacturing (AM) process used for fabrication of customized parts using layer-by-layer approach by fusing the filament. The challenge in FFF AM process is to improve the dimensional accuracy of parts. To overcome this challenge, the aim of this research article is to enhance the dimensional accuracy of FFF Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) parts by optimizing the various process parameters settings. In this research, process parameters affecting the dimensional accuracy are examined utilizing the Taguchi based design of experiment (DOE) approach. Main effect plots for mean and SN ratio are drawn to investigate the effect and dominance of each parameter. This study helps to fabricate the TPU using FFF with high dimensional accuracy.
Analysis of BIM application trends in construction industry for waste reduction and sustainable outcomes
Authors: Vadlamudi Narmada , Sai Ratnamala Bommareddy Sesha , Lakshmi V Sree 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The examination has built up a structure for BIM-based authoritative abilities advancement for upgraded appropriation and compelling utilization of Building Data Demonstrating (BIM) inside the Indian engineering associations. In the past examination, a requirement for changing the conventional practices in Indian development area has been more than once communicated. A near concern has moreover been showed up to advocate for the use of lean and sustainable concepts to boost productivity and lead a group of development projects in India; to minimise flaws in the exercises and increase the hold subsidises related to capital, electricity, and cost. As a result, this review aids the plan partnership by recommending the use of BIM as a system that encourages them to consider lean and sustainable changes.BIM was identified as an empowering agent and a cycle for achieving lean and sustainable results on development projects in order to meet the examination objective. Examination was led through a successive blended technique method zeroing in on gathering and breaking down together subjective and quantifiable information. The examination was isolated in quaternion stages: Poll study information assortment and experimental investigation of information including partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) examination to comprehend the ebb and flow status of BIM selection, its drivers, inhibitors and suggestions inside compositional associations in India; Semi- organized meeting and centre gatherings for interpretive examination of local BIM capacities and BIM abilities through Interpretive structural modelling(ISM); broad writing audit to contemplate and recognize the lean and sustainable results; and contextual investigations examination through quantitative comparative analysis (QCA) to approve the proposed structure. The exploration discoveries demonstrate that BIM appropriation venture for designers is in experimentation phase and the contemporary use of BIM which is not investigated to maximum capacity. Structure was created by way of a component of this investigation bequeath empower design associations to effectively accept BIM on tasks headed for acquiring sustainable and lean advantages.
Electronic waste: overview, recycling and metal extraction methods
Authors: Sree Lakshmi V , Rahul Satya C H , Aravind D Nikhil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water pollution and contamination is a major environmental issue throughout the world. As the world is urbanizing rapidly at an increasing rate the water bodies are getting toxic. Rivers, canals, and even groundwater are getting contaminated by various manmade activities. One of the major issues of water pollution is disposing and dumping waste into the water bodies. It is considered one of the most polluting anthropogenic activities. Out of all the different types of waste, e-waste is recorded as a rapidly growing waste stream in the world. Many electronic scrap materials that contain potentially harmful materials are dumped into the water bodies. It contains mainly raw materials like iron, copper, steel, etc. Every year electronic waste of 50 million tones is being generated globally. According to the estimate given by EPA, only 20% of the e-waste is recycled and the remaining waste is sent to incinerators or dumped into landfills and water bodies. E-waste is increasing due to the swift changes and high usage of technology, falling prices, and the invention of new devices, and the outdating of old processors. Over 50% of the e-waste consists of ferrous materials and it can be processed and extracted by mechanical shredding, hydrometallurgical methods, and bioleaching, etc. In this study, with the help of these methods, we can extract valuable metals like Cu, Al, Ag, Au, converting e-waste pollution threats into metal resources thereby increasing the revenue and economy of the country. Sustainable e-waste management practices can reduce waste contamination and the health risk from different harmful materials like dioxins, cadmium, chromium, radioactive isotopes, etc.
Design optimisation of air filters using ANSYS fluent
Authors: Agrawal Sandeep , Chauhan Premanand S , Pandit Prem Prakash 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is based on the current status of research and development in the high performance air filters segment. This can be done by choosing an appropriate filter and operating it under optimized conditions. The present paper details the applicability of filters used in conjunction with metal screen for the purpose of classifying aerosol. In this paper, the analysis on applicability of centrifugal force for achieving enhanced collection efficiency without increasing the pressure drop has also been done. This paper endorses the proposition that the quality of air filters can be improved remarkably and suggests a methodology for achieving the same. The Hepa filter can capture with extraordinary efficiency of 0.01 ×10 -9 meter sized particles. The size of the Corona Virus Covid-19 is 125 nm. The preliminary study shows that covid-19 can become aerosolized and can remain in the air for hours. After analysis, the flow rate has been increased from an initial value of 21 E 4 m 3/s ( thickness 0.15 mm) to the optimized value of 92E4 m 3/s (thickness 0.91 mm) which is a significant increase of 338% i.e. 3.38 times from initial value. For optimizing the material porosity, it has been found that the filter shows the maximum performance at a porosity value of 0.95.
A Modeling of Lead-Acid Battery for Electric Vehicles and Simulation Utilizing C MEX S-Function in Matlab/Simulink
Authors: Kheirisko A D , Yusivar F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the need for better performance of batteries as an energy source is increasing following the growth of electrical vehicles (EVs). Therefore, modeling the battery system is important to analyze how the battery is able to perform better so that further increases the EV’s performance. This study is addressed to analyze and simulate circuit modeling of lead-acid battery into a pretty complex RLC circuit, voltage source of battery itself, and a connected load with provided conditions for obtaining varying parameters which are used by the battery with a permanent initial state of charge (SoC). This circuit is simulated using C/C++ programming where it is implemented to some connected C MEX S-Function blocks in Simulink. The result of the study is proved that series circuits increase their voltage and parallel circuits increase their ampere. For satisfying the EV’s specs such as V
ou t = 400 V and the capacity = 100 Ah, arranging batteries in 400 series since n = 15 produce around 13 V.