bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schätzung des Verschleißvolumens an Gleitlagern
Authors: Bote-Garcia José-Luis , Gühmann Clemens 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zur Entwicklung eines Systems zur Vorhersage der restlichen Lebensdauer eines Gleitlagers ist es notwendig, den fortschreitenden Verschleiß quantitativ zu überwachen. Hierzu soll ein Datensatz über den Verlauf mehrerer Verschleißexperimente an Gleitlagern erstellt werden. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Überwachung des Verschleißes durch Messung von Rundheits- und Oberflächenprofilen vor und nach einem Experiment. Das Oberflächenprofil kann zur Erkennung und Überwachung des Einlaufvorgangs verwendet werden. Dahingegen kann mit dem Rundheitsprofil das Verschleißvolumens über die gesamte Lebensdauer des Gleitlagers ermittelt werden. Hierzu wird ein Vorgehen zur Schätzung des Verschleißvolumens beschrieben. Die Unsicherheit des Vorgehens wird analysiert, wobei sich zeigt, dass das Vorgehen eine gute Genauigkeit besitzt und die Unsicherheit durch die manuelle Einstellung der Messpositionen induziert wird. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit können Schwellenwerte für messbares Verschleißvolumen ermittelt werden.
Erfassung geometrischer Daten des Schmelzbades zur Regelung eines WAAM-Prozesses
Authors: Richter Andreas , Scheck Maxim , Gehling Tobias , Bohn Christian , Wesling Volker , Rembe Christian 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Als Möglichkeit individuelle oder komplexe Produkte aus unterschiedlichen Materialien automatisiert, schnell und kostengünstig zu fertigen, gewinnt der 3D-Druck immer mehr an Bedeutung. Unter 3D-Druck werden mehre Verfahren zusammengefasst. Ein weit verbreitetes Verfahren ist das additive Aufbringen von Kunststoffschichten, um beispielsweise komplexe Modelle zu „drucken“. Dabei wird das erzeugte Produkt nicht durch subtraktive Fertigungsverfahren, wie Drehen oder Fräsen, erzeugt. Eine Möglichkeit Metalle additiv zu fertigen ist das „Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)“ zur additiven Erzeugung einer Struktur. Die Anwendung von Lichtbogenschweißen als additives Verfahren stellt besondere Anforderungen an die Mess- und Regelungstechnik. Hier wird ein Messsystem vorgestellt, mit dem die Breite des Schmelzbades innerhalb einer Frequenz von 40 Hz bei einer Latenz von 25 ms erfasst wird und an einen Regler weitergegeben wird.
Thermal entry flow problem for Giesekus fluid inside an axis-symmetric tube through isothermal wall condition: a comparative numerical study between exact and approximate solution
Authors: Khan Muhammad Waris Saeed , Ali Nasir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe thermal entry flow problem also known as the Graetz problem is investigated for a Giesekus fluid model. Both analytical (exact) and approximate solutions for velocity are obtained. The nondimensional pressure gradient is numerically obtained via the mean flow rate relation. The energy equation along with the Giesekus fluid velocity is analytically solved for the constant wall temperature case by using the classical separation of variable method. This method transforms the energy equation into a Sturm–Liouville (SL) boundary value problem. The MATLAB solver bvp5c is employed to compute the eigenvalues and the related eigenfunctions numerically. The impact of mobility parameter and Weissenberg number on local Nusselt number, mean temperature, and average Nusselt number is discussed and displayed graphically. It is also found that the presence of the Weissenberg number elevates the Nusselt numbers. Further, the presence of the mobility parameter of the Giesekus fluid model delays the prevalence fully developed conditions in both entrance and fully developed regions. The comparison between approximate and exact solution is also presented. It reveals that both solutions have an exact match with each other for smaller values of mobility parameter and Weissenberg number. However, there is a deviation for larger values of both parameters.
Insight into the dynamics of non-Newtonian carboxy methyl cellulose conveying CuO nanoparticles: significance of channel branch angle and pressure drop
Authors: Li Botong , Chen Yuhang , Huang Zhong , Meng Yahui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Branching channels are commonly emerged in a considerable variety of engineering applications, in which most of the fluids present non Newtonian behavior, such as in chemical processes. It is noted that in the material forming process, when one suspends nanoparticles in a basic non Newtonian fluid, a completely new non Newtonian fluid is formed with different rheological characteristics from the former ones. In our present numerical research, considering the side branches inclined at varying angles, we focus on the fluid flow and heat transfer of the laminar power-law nanofluid in a rectangular branching channel under the influences of generalized Reynolds number. Both the consistency coefficient and power-law index of the non Newtonian nanofluid, different from those of the base fluid, are described by empirical formula, dependent on the nanoparticle quantity. Finite element method is applied in the research. It is found that a smaller branch angle α can cause a larger fluctuation in pressure near the branched region. Furthermore, negative pressures exist both in the main and side branch with some certain inclination angle. Above all, the new extensive results of velocity contours, temperature, concentration contours along with pressure drop of the changing rheological models provide detailed information for studies on non Newtonian nanofluids in many intricate industrial applications.
Effects of Cooling Temperatures via Thermal K2P Channels on Regeneration of High-Frequency Action Potentials at Nodes of Ranvier of Rat Aβ-Afferent Nerves
Authors: Kanda Hirosato , Tonomura Sotatsu , Gu Jianguo G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTemperature-sensitive two-pore domain potassium channels (thermal K2P) are recently shown to cluster at nodes of Ranvier (NRs) and play a key role in action potential (AP) regeneration and conduction on Aβ-afferent nerves. Cooling temperatures affect AP regeneration and conduction on Aβ-afferent nerves but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we have performed patch-clamp recordings directly at the NR in anex vivotrigeminal nerve preparation. We have characterized the effects of cooling temperatures on intrinsic electrophysiological properties and AP regeneration at the NR on rat Aβ-afferent nerves, and determined whether and how thermal K2P channels may be involved in the effects of cooling temperatures. We show that cooling temperatures from 35°C to 15°C decrease outward leak currents, increase input resistance, depolarize resting membrane potential (RMP), broaden AP width and increase latency of AP threshold at the NR. We further demonstrate that cooling temperatures impair regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR. The effects of cooling temperatures on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties and regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR can be partially reversed by BL-1249 (BL), arachidonic acid (AA), and intra-axonal protons, three thermal K2P activators, indicating the involvement of thermal K2P channels. Moreover, we show that at cooling temperatures there are interplays among thermal K2P channels, RMPs, and voltage-gated Na+channels, which together limit regeneration of high-frequency AP trains at the NR. Our findings demonstrate a new role of thermal K2P channels in temperature-dependent conduction of high-frequency sensory signals.
The Evolution of Quality Benchmarks for Bronchiolitis
Authors: Ralston Shawn L. , House Samantha A. , Harrison Wade , Hall Matthew 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Evidence suggests that average performance on quality measures for bronchiolitis has been improving over time, but it is unknown whether optimal performance, as defined by Achievable Benchmarks of Care (ABCs), has also changed. Thus, we aimed to compare ABCs for established bronchiolitis quality measures between 2 consecutive time periods. As a secondary aim, we evaluated performance gaps, defined as the difference between median performance and ABCs, to identify measures that may benefit most from targeted quality initiatives.

METHODS
We used hospital administrative data from the Pediatric Health Information System database to calculate ABCs and performance gaps for nonrecommended bronchiolitis tests and treatments in 2 groups (patients discharged from the emergency department [ED] and those hospitalized) over 2 time periods (2006–2014 and 2014–2019) corresponding to publication of national bronchiolitis guidelines.

RESULTS
Substantial improvements were identified in ABCs for chest radiography (ED −8.8% [confidence interval (CI) −8.3% to −9.4%]; hospitalized −17.5% [CI −16.3% to −18.7%]), viral testing (hospitalized −14.6% [CI −13.5% to −15.7%]), antibiotic use (hospitalized −10.4% [CI −8.9% to −11.1%]), and bronchodilator use (ED −9.0% [CI −8.4% to −9.6%]). Viral testing (ED 11.5% [CI 10.9% to 12.1%]; hospitalized 21.5% [CI 19.6% to 23.4%]) and bronchodilator use (ED 13.8% [CI 12.8% to 14.8%]; hospitalized 22.8% [CI 20.6% to 25.1%]) demonstrated the largest performance gaps.

CONCLUSIONS
Marked changes in ABCs over time for some bronchiolitis quality measures highlight the need to reevaluate improvement targets as practice patterns evolve. Measures with large performance gaps, such as bronchodilator use and viral testing, are recommended as targets for ongoing quality improvement initiatives.
Síntesis del hidróxido de níquel (II) con disolución multicomponente de la lixiviación de sulfuro de la tecnología Caron
Authors: Cisneros-Sánchez Deisy , Otero-Calvi Alexis , Quesada-González Omaida , Sosa-Martínez Mercedes , Capote-Flores Neicis 
Published: August 2021

Se determinaron las condiciones más favorables para la síntesis de hidróxido de níquel (II) por precipitación química a partir de la disolución lixiviada del sulfuro de níquel de la tecnología Caron. La disolución lixiviada de fuerza iónica igual a 4,6 mol·L–1 fue tratada con hidróxidos de amonio y sodio. Se calcularon las propiedades termodinámicas como entalpía, entropía y energía libre y se construyeron diagramas de zona de predominancia. Se demostró la conveniencia de realizar el proceso a 303 K, pH entre 11 y 13 y concentración de amoníaco de 0,5 a 1,0 mol·L-1. En estas condiciones fueron obtenidas altas eficiencias de precipitación de los cationes metálicos de la disolución inicial. El sólido precipitado se caracterizó mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica y difracción de rayos X. Se obtuvo un beta-hidróxido de níquel (II) con la siguiente composición química: 58,5 ≤ Ni ≤ 59,1%, 1,7 ≤ Co ≤ 2,1%, 0,5 ≤ Fe ≤ 0,6%, Cu, Zn, Mn y Mg ≤ 0,2%.
Effect of protein content on the thermal effusivity of foods
Authors: Szafner G. , Dóka O. , Gombkötő N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The availability of thermophysical properties of both foods and their constituents is of considerable importance to the industry. The thermal effusivity is one of the less explored thermophysical parameters. It governs the penetration of heat into materials and is defined as the square root of the product of thermal conductivity of the material, volume-specific heat capacity, and density. This paper describes the application of a relatively new inverse photopyroelectric method (IPPE) to determine thermal effusivity of dehydrated whey protein isolate and egg white powder versus protein content. In both cases the effusivity values decreased linearly with increasing protein content. One percent increase in protein content of whey protein isolate and egg white lead to 6.5 and 7.2 Ws1/2 m−2 K−1 decrease in effusivity values, respectively.
Correlation between CIELAB colour coordinates and malondialdehyde eqiuvalents in sausage with paprika stored under refrigerated conditions
Authors: Varga-Visi É. , Kozma V. , Szabó A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sensory properties of foods mainly affect purchasing decisions. In case of sausages, deterioration of pigments of meat and spices cause discolouration, while lipid oxidation leads to the formation of off-odours, and these two processes are connected. Lipid oxidation promotes the conversion of pigments, while the formation of metmyoglobin accelerates lipid oxidation. The scope of the study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of malondialdehyde equivalents (MDA) and CIELAB colour coordinates in a Hungarian sausage with paprika, sliced and stored under refrigerated conditions for 10 weeks. We detected negative correlation (P < 0.001) between the MDA-level and a* and b*; and positive correlation (P < 0.001) between the MDA-level and L*. The observed correlation between MDA level and colour coordinates supports the assumption that the oxidation of lipids and pigments are interrelated in the case of sausage with paprika.
Examination of sports science faculty students’ attitudes towards online learning by different variables
Authors: Böke Hulusi , Tüfekçi Şakir 
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aim. In distance education, students’ attitudes towards this method gain importance in the process. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of coronavirus anxiety, academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction levels of students in the faculty of sports sciences over their attitudes towards online learning.
Material and Methods. A total of 379 sports science faculty students voluntarily participated for the cross-sectional data collection. A simple random sampling method was used in the selection of students from four universities in the Eastern Anatolian region, which make up the universe of the study. Data were collected electronically and analysed by IBM SPSS and AMOS statistical package program.
Results. The structural equity model results revealed that academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction are positive predictors of online learning attitudes and negative predictors of coronavirus anxiety. Online learning attitude was found to be positively correlated with other variables other than coronavirus anxiety. In addition, it has been determined that the scale total scores are slightly above average, except for coronavirus anxiety.
Conclusions. The results have been discussed in terms of their meaning for the environment of physical education. In this research, which created a model for understanding online learning attitudes in students of the faculty of sports sciences, it was understood that coronavirus anxiety has a statistically significant effect on online learning attitudes while academic self-sufficiency and life satisfaction do not have a statistically significant effect. Students’ positive attitude towards online learning and understanding the predictors of this attitude will be a development to be appreciated by all stakeholders of the subject.
Physiological impact of wearing a surgical face mask during walking in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Akgül Mustafa Ş. , Ozcan Neslihan , Uzun Mahmut E. , Gurses Veli V. , Baydil Bilgehan 
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aim. Common use of surgical face masks is recommended for social and individual health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is no systematic report for responses of organism to wearing a surgical face mask during different exercises. In this context the purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of wearing a surgical face mask during a one-hour brisk walking.
Material and Methods. A total of thirty male (n=16) and female (n=14) volunteers (mean age and BMI of 32±1.07 years and 25.1±0.68 kg/m2, respectively) completed the protocol. This was a multiple cross-over trial for healthy volunteers. All participants took a one-hour brisk walking with and without a surgical face mask. Specific physiological measurements (HR - heart rate; BP - blood pressure, SaO2 - arterial oxygen content) were compared before and immediately after two brisk walking. Each subject served their own control.
Results. The evaluation found that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean HR and blood pressure values during the brisk walking with and without a surgical face mask, while there was a statistically significant difference in the SaO2 values on behalf of no-mask-walking (p<0.05).
Conclusions. The use of surgical face masks in healthy volunteers causes a decrease in SaO2 during brisk walking. However, it does not affect the mean pulse rate and blood pressure. Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the SaO2 parameter during mask-walking, it is possible to state that brisk walking with a surgical face mask does not have a physiologically negative impact, because this decrease is in ranges that are accepted to be normal.
Strength abilities: pattern recognition method in the management of the cumulative effect of strength loads in 8-year-old boys
Authors: Ivashchenko Olha , Khudolii Oleg , Jagiello Wladyslaw 
Published: August 2021

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of using pattern recognition method in the management of the cumulative effect of strength loads in 8-year-old boys.
Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 boys aged 8. The experiment was conducted using a 22 factorial design. The study materials were processed by the IBM SPSS 22 statistical analysis program. Discriminant analysis was performed. The study examined the impact of four variants of strength load on the formation of the cumulative training effect of three, six, nine, and twelve classes in 8-year-old boys.
Results. The discriminant analysis provided information about the impact of four orthogonal variants of strength loads on the formation of the cumulative training effect of strength exercises of three, six, nine, and twelve classes in 8-year-old boys. The obtained data make it possible to choose a load mode at each step of the CTE formation and to manage schoolchildren’s strength training.
Conclusions. The verification of the obtained discriminant functions shows their high discriminative ability and value in interpretation with respect to the general population (p < 0.05). It was found that the formation of the CTE of three classes is most influenced by the third load variant, six classes – by the third load variant, nine classes – the third load variant, twelve classes – the first load variant. The discriminant function structure coefficients made it possible to identify the factor structure of the CTE of 3, 6, 9, 12 classes, to find that the CTE3, CTE6 are associated with the work at the first place “Exercises to strengthen arm muscles”, the CTE9, CTE12 – with the work at the third (“Exercises to strengthen back muscles”) and the fourth (“Exercises to strengthen leg muscles”) places. The CTE of three, six, nine, and twelve classes depends on the modes of strength exercises and has different focuses. The CTE3 – speed and strength focus; CTE6, 9 – comprehensive focus; CTE12 – explosive-strength focus. The obtained values of centroids for the CTE of 3, 6, 9, 12 classes enable the management of schoolchildren’s strength training.
COVID-19 y adultos mayores: asociaciones espacio-temporales entre mortalidad y vacunación en la provincia de Buenos Aires-Argentina
Authors: Leveau Carlos Marcelo , Velázquez Guillermo A. 
Published: August 2021

Objetivos. Analizar las variaciones espacio-temporales entre la mortalidad por COVID-19 en adultos mayores y la vacunación contra el COVID-19 en este grupo etario. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron, por un lado, datos referidos al día, mes, año y partido de residencia de las personas fallecidas por COVID-19 y, por el otro, las personas de 70+ años inmunizadas con primeras dosis de vacunas contra COVID-19 en la provincia de Buenos Aires, desde el 29 de diciembre de 2020 al 30 de junio de 2021. Las unidades espaciales fueron los 134 partidos que componen la provincia. Se emplearon técnicas de escaneo espacio-temporal para detectar conglomerados de mortalidad y vacunación alta y baja. Resultados. Se encontró asociación espacio-temporal entre la vacunación con primera dosis de la vacuna Sputnik V en la población mayor de 70 años, entre mediados de marzo y principios de abril de 2021, y la disminución de la mortalidad en este mismo grupo etario, entre finales de abril y finales de junio de 2021, en partidos del Gran Buenos Aires. Conclusiones. Desde un enfoque espacio-temporal se mostraron algunos indicios del impacto positivo de la aplicación de la primera dosis de la vacuna Sputnik V en áreas del Gran Buenos Aires y en un contexto signado por una nueva ola de casos y muertes.
Socially Responsible AI Algorithms: Issues, Purposes, and Challenges
Authors: Cheng Lu , Varshney Kush R. , Liu Huan 
Published: August 2021

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks for oppression and calamity. Discussions about whether we should (re)trust AI have repeatedly emerged in recent years and in many quarters, including industry, academia, healthcare, services, and so on. Technologists and AI researchers have a responsibility to develop trustworthy AI systems. They have responded with great effort to design more responsible AI algorithms. However, existing technical solutions are narrow in scope and have been primarily directed towards algorithms for scoring or classification tasks, with an emphasis on fairness and unwanted bias. To build long-lasting trust between AI and human beings, we argue that the key is to think beyond algorithmic fairness and connect major aspects of AI that potentially cause AI’s indifferent behavior. In this survey, we provide a systematic framework of Socially Responsible AI Algorithms that aims to examine the subjects of AI indifference and the need for socially responsible AI algorithms, define the objectives, and introduce the means by which we may achieve these objectives. We further discuss how to leverage this framework to improve societal well-being through protection, information, and prevention/mitigation.
This article appears in the special track on AI & Society.
MODEL PENILAIAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS BAHASA SUNDA
Authors: Kuswari Usep 
Published: August 2021

Fokus penelitian ini berkenaan dengan kualitas model penilaian keterampilan menulis bahasa Sunda di SMP di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat penilaian keterampilan menulis bahasa Sunda akan memberikan informasi bagi sekolah, baik dari segi isi, cakupan, format maupun waktu penyampaian serta bermanfaat secara optimal bagi pembelajaran bahasa Sunda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian Research and Development yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat model penilaian keterampilan menulis bahasa Sunda pada jenjang sekolah menengah pertama (SMP)). Temuan penelitian ini adalah (1) perangkat penilaian keterampilan menulis layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian keterampilan keterampilan menulis di SMP karena memiliki (a) kejelasan petunjuk penilaian, (b) kejelasan materi yang dinilai dengan alat penilaian, (c) penggunaan bahasa yang komunikatif dan baku, (c) penggunaan tata tulis yang benar. Berdasarkan hasil uji-coba, secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa tes keterampilan menulis ada kesesuaian dengan data lapangan , yakni (P-value = 0, 72541 0,05; RMSEA = 0,000 0,05; GFI = 1,70 0,9; AGFI = 1,43 0,9; PGFI = 1,37 0,9) menunjukkan bahwa ke- 23 perangkat tes keterampilan menulis adalah baik dan layak digunakan. Kesesuaian perangkat tes keterampilan menulis dengan data lapangan (P-value = 0, 72541 0,05; RMSEA = 0,000 0,05; GFI = 1,70 0,9; AGFI = 1,43 0,9; PGFI = 1,37 0,9) menunjukkan bahwa model Perangkat Tes Keterampilan menulis Bahasa Sunda adalah fit layak digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian di SMP Kabupaten Bandung Barat.