bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrust tectonics in the Wetterstein and Mieming mountains, and a new tectonic subdivision of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Western Austria and Southern Germany
Authors: Ortner Hugo , Kilian Sinah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the tectonic evolution of the Wetterstein and Mieming mountains in the western Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) of the European Eastern Alps. In-sequence NW-directed stacking of thrust sheets in this thin-skinned foreland thrust belt lasted from the Hauterivian to the Cenomanian. In the more internal NCA major E-striking intracontinental transform faults dissected the thrust belt at the Albian–Cenomanian boundary that facilitated ascent of mantle melts feeding basanitic dykes and sills. Afterwards, the NCA basement was subducted, and the NCA were transported piggy-back across the tectonically deeper Penninic units. This process was accompanied by renewed Late Cretaceous NW-directed thrusting, and folding of thrusts. During Paleogene collision, N(NE)-directed out-of-sequence thrusts developed that offset the in-sequence thrust. We use this latter observation to revise the existing tectonic subdivision of the western NCA, in which these out-of-sequence thrusts had been used to delimit nappes, locally with young-on-old contacts at the base. We define new units that represent thrust sheets having exclusively old-on-young contacts at their base. Two large thrust sheets build the western NCA: (1) the tectonically deeper Tannheim thrust sheet and (2) the tectonically higher Karwendel thrust sheet. West of the Wetterstein and Mieming mountains, the Imst part of the Karwendel thrust sheet is stacked by an out-of-sequence thrust onto the main body of the Karwendel thrust sheet, which is, in its southeastern part, in lateral contact with the latter across a tear fault.
Sum-of-squares chordal decomposition of polynomial matrix inequalities
Authors: Zheng Yang , Fantuzzi Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe prove decomposition theorems for sparse positive (semi)definite polynomial matrices that can be viewed as sparsity-exploiting versions of the Hilbert–Artin, Reznick, Putinar, and Putinar–Vasilescu Positivstellensätze. First, we establish that a polynomial matrix P(x) with chordal sparsity is positive semidefinite for all $$x\in \mathbb {R}^n$$

x
∈

R

n

if and only if there exists a sum-of-squares (SOS) polynomial $$\sigma (x)$$

σ
(
x
)

such that $$\sigma P$$

σ
P

is a sum of sparse SOS matrices. Second, we show that setting $$\sigma (x)=(x_1^2 + \cdots + x_n^2)^\nu $$

σ

(
x
)

=

(

x
1
2

+
⋯
+

x
n
2

)

ν

for some integer $$\nu $$
ν
suffices if P is homogeneous and positive definite globally. Third, we prove that if P is positive definite on a compact semialgebraic set $$\mathcal {K}=\{x:g_1(x)\ge 0,\ldots ,g_m(x)\ge 0\}$$

K
=
{
x
:

g
1

(
x
)

≥
0
,
…
,

g
m

(
x
)

≥
0
}

satisfying the Archimedean condition, then $$P(x) = S_0(x) + g_1(x)S_1(x) + \cdots + g_m(x)S_m(x)$$

P

(
x
)

=

S
0

(
x
)

+

g
1

(
x
)

S
1

(
x
)

+
⋯
+

g
m

(
x
)

S
m

(
x
)

for matrices $$S_i(x)$$

S
i

(
x
)

that are sums of sparse SOS matrices. Finally, if $$\mathcal {K}$$
K
is not compact or does not satisfy the Archimedean condition, we obtain a similar decomposition for $$(x_1^2 + \cdots + x_n^2)^\nu P(x)$$

(

x
1
2

+
⋯
+

x
n
2

)

ν

P

(
x
)

with some integer $$\nu \ge 0$$

ν
≥
0

when P and $$g_1,\ldots ,g_m$$

g
1

,
…
,

g
m

are homogeneous of even degree. Using these results, we find sparse SOS representation theorems for polynomials that are quadratic and correlatively sparse in a subset of variables, and we construct new convergent hierarchies of sparsity-exploiting SOS reformulations for convex optimization problems with large and sparse polynomial matrix inequalities. Numerical examples demonstrate that these hierarchies can have a significantly lower computational complexity than traditional ones.
The applicability of established clinical and histopathological risk factors for tumor recurrence during long-term postoperative care in meningioma patients
Authors: Lüthge Swenja , Spille Dorothee Cäcilia , Steinbicker Andrea Ulrike , Schipmann Stephanie , Streckert Eileen Maria Susanne , Hess Katharina , Grauer Oliver Martin , Paulus Werner , Stummer Walter , Brokinkel Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Risk factors to predict late-onset tumor recurrence in meningioma patients are urgently needed to schedule control intervals during long-term follow-up. We therefore analyzed the value of established risk factors for postoperative meningioma recurrence for the prediction of long-term prognosis. Correlations of clinical and histopathological variables with tumor relapse after 3, 5, and 10 years following microsurgery were analyzed in uni- and multivariate analyses, and compared to findings in the entire cohort. In the entire cohort (N = 1218), skull base location (HR: 1.51, 95%CI 1.05–2.16; p = .026), Simpson ≥ IV resections (HR: 2.41, 95%CI 1.52–3.84; p < .001), high-grade histology (HR: 3.70, 95%CI 2.50–5.47; p < .001), and male gender (HR: 1.46, 95%CI 1.01–2.11; p = .042) were independent risk factors for recurrence. Skull base location (HR: 1.92, 95%CI 1.17–3.17; p = .010 and HR: 2.02, 95%CI 1.04–3.95; p = .038) and high-grade histology (HR: 1.87, 95%CI 1.04–3.38; p = .038 and HR: 2.29, 95%CI 1.07–4.01; p = .034) but not subtotal resection (HR: 1.53, 95%CI .68–3.45; p = .303 and HR: 1.75, 95%CI .52–5.96; p = .369) remained correlated with recurrence after a recurrence-free follow-up of ≥ 3 and ≥ 5 years, respectively. Postoperative tumor volume was related with recurrence in general (p < .001) but not beyond a follow-up of ≥ 3 years (p > .05). In 147 patients with a follow-up of ≥ 10 years, ten recurrences occurred and were not correlated with any of the analyzed variables. Skull base tumor location and high-grade histology but not the extent of resection should be considered when scheduling the long-term follow-up after meningioma surgery. Recurrences ≥ 10 years after surgery are rare, and predictors are lacking.
Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: outcomes of Japanese patients enrolled in the randomized, phase III, open-label KEYNOTE-426 study
Authors: Tamada Satoshi , Kondoh Chihiro , Matsubara Nobuaki , Mizuno Ryuichi , Kimura Go , Anai Satoshi , Tomita Yoshihiko , Oyama Masafumi , Masumori Naoya , Kojima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Chen Mei , Li Mengran , Matsuda Kenji , Tanaka Yoshinobu , Rini Brian I. , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the phase III open-label KEYNOTE-426 (NCT02853331) study, first-line pembrolizumab and axitinib improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). KEYNOTE-426 evaluated patients enrolled from 25 sites in Japan.MethodsPatients enrolled in Japan were included in this post hoc subgroup analysis. Adults with clear cell mRCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks plus oral axitinib 5 mg twice daily or oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily (4 weeks on/2 weeks off). Dual primary endpoints were OS and PFS as assessed by blinded independent central review. Objective response rate (ORR) and safety were secondary endpoints.ResultsThe Japanese subgroup comprised 94 patients (pembrolizumab–axitinib,n = 44; sunitinib,n = 50; 11% of the intent-to-treat population). Median time from randomization to data cutoff (January 6, 2020) was 29.5 months (range 24.6–37.3). Consistent with the intent-to-treat population, the OS, PFS, and ORR suggested improvement with pembrolizumab–axitinib versus sunitinib in the Japanese subgroup. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 70% of patients receiving pembrolizumab–axitinib versus 78% receiving sunitinib; 11 (25%) patients receiving pembrolizumab–axitinib and 13 (27%) patients receiving sunitinib discontinued the study medication due to AEs. TRAEs led to the discontinuation of pembrolizumab, axitinib, pembrolizumab–axitinib, or sunitinib in 32%, 34%, 14%, and 20%, respectively. No deaths from TRAEs occurred.ConclusionsEfficacy outcomes for the Japanese subgroup were consistent with those of the global population. Safety in Japanese patients was consistent with the results from the global population.
Emotional Violence is Associated with Increased HIV Risk Behavior Among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women in the HPTN 068 Cohort
Authors: Leddy Anna M. , Selin Amanda , Lippman Sheri A. , Kimaru Linda J. , Twine Rhian , Gómez-Olivé Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLimited research has explored how emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) shapes HIV risk behaviors. Using cross-sectional data from the HPTN 068 post-trial visit (N = 1942), we assessed the association between emotional IPV and its sub-domains (verbal abuse and threats) with condomless sex, transactional sex, and frequent alcohol use among young women in South Africa. In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, any emotional IPV and verbal IPV were associated with increased odds of condomless sex (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.87; and aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.89), transactional sex (aOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.74, 3.08; and aOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.71) and alcohol use (aOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.53; and aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.55). Threats were associated with transactional sex (aOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 2.62, 5.14). Future research should examine this relationship over-time and HIV prevention programs should consider and address emotional IPV.
Global Workforce Development in Father Engagement Competencies for Family-Based Interventions Using an Online Training Program: A Mixed-Method Feasibility Study
Authors: Sawrikar Vilas , Plant Alexandra L. , Andrade Brendan , Woolgar Matt , Scott Stephen , Gardner Eli , Dean Celia , Tully Lucy A. , Hawes David J. , Dadds Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobal access to practitioner training in the clinical engagement of fathers in family-based interventions is limited. The current study evaluated the feasibility of training practitioners in Canada and UK using online training developed in Australia by examining improvements in practitioner confidence and competence in father engagement, training satisfaction, qualitative feedback, and benchmarking results to those from an Australian sample. Practitioners were recruited to participate in a 2-h online training program through health services and charity organisations. The online program required practitioners to watch a video and complete self-reflection exercises in a digital workbook. Pre- and post-training measures were collected immediately before and after the online training program. The results indicated significantly large improvements in self-reported confidence and competence in engaging fathers following training, with levels of improvement similar to those found in Australia. Training satisfaction was high and qualitative feedback suggested providing local resources and increasing representation of social diversity could improve training relevance in local contexts. The findings suggest online training in father engagement can contribute to global workforce development in improving practitioners’ skills in engaging fathers in family-based interventions.
The emergence of university rankings: a historical‑sociological account
Authors: Wilbers Stefan , Brankovic Jelena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, university rankings are a familiar phenomenon in higher education all over the world. But how did rankings achieve this status? To address this question, we bring in a historical-sociological perspective and conceptualize rankings as a phenomenon in history. We focus on the United States and identify the emergence of a specific understanding oforganizational performancein the postwar decades. We argue that the advent of this understanding constituted a discursive shift, which was made possible—most notably but not solely—by the rise of functionalism to the status of a dominant intellectual paradigm. The shift crystallized in the rankings of graduate departments, which were commissioned by the National Science Foundation and produced by the American Council on Education (ACE) in 1966 and 1970. Throughout the 1970s, social scientists became increasingly more interested in the methods and merits of ranking higher education institutions, in which they would explicitly refer to the ACE rankings. This was accompanied by a growing recognition, already in the 1970s, that rankings had a place and purpose in the higher educationsystem—a trend that has continued into the present day.
Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Early Childhood Screening Assessment
Authors: Zimmermann Peter , Gleason Mary Margret , Hellwig Susan , Podewski Fritz , Iwanski Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFast and accurate screening for mental health problems in early childhood is a prerequisite for effective early intervention. The Early Childhood Screening Assessment (ECSA) is a valid and standardized screening tool for young children. The aims of the current study were to examine the psychometric properties, the factorial structure, and validity evidence for test score interpretation of the German version of the ECSA. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis support a two-factor solution differentiating externalizing and internalizing problems in early childhood. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by positive associations with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Accuracy of identifying children at risk in comparison to CBCL was good with appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, ECSA problem scores showed specific associations with low ego-resiliency and field-independence scores and high ego-undercontrol, aggression, and anxiety scores. ECSA caregiver depression scores were associated with children’s ECSA problem scores. The German version of the ECSA is a short and accurate screening tool for mental health problems in early childhood.
A novel chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate coating for titanium with antibiofilm efficacy and stem cell cytocompatibility
Authors: Garner Sarah J. , Dalby Mathew J. , Nobbs Angela H. , Barbour Michele E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDental implants are an increasingly popular way to replace missing teeth. Whilst implant survival rates are high, a small number fail soon after placement, with various factors, including bacterial contamination, capable of disrupting osseointegration. This work describes the development of chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate coatings for titanium that hydrolyse to release the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine. The aim was to develop a coating for titanium that released sufficient chlorhexidine to prevent biofilm formation, whilst simultaneously maintaining cytocompatibility with cells involved in osseointegration. The coatings were characterised with respect to physical properties, after which antibiofilm efficacy was investigated using a multispecies biofilm model, and cytocompatibility determined using human mesenchymal stem cells. The coatings exhibited similar physicochemical properties to some implant surfaces in clinical use, and significantly reduced formation of multispecies biofilm biomass up to 72 h. One coating had superior cytocompatibility, with mesenchymal stem cells able to perform normal functions and commence osteoblastic differentiation, although at a slower rate than those grown on uncoated titanium. With further refinement, these coatings may have application in the prevention of bacterial contamination of dental implants at the time of surgery. This could aid a reduction in rates of early implant failure.
Thermodynamic Behavior of Spin-1 Heisenberg Chain: a Comparative Study
Authors: Faridfar Mona , Vahedi Javad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a comparative study of thermodynamic quantum equilibrium observables of spin-1 Heisenberg chain. As a theoretical approach, the modified spin-wave theory is chosen. From the numerical side, we consider finite-temperature Lanczos, kernel polynomial, and density matrix renormalization techniques. The results show general consistency of thermodynamic quantities, such as heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility, calculated within the approaches. For the modified spin-wave, the results show some inaccuracy especially at low temperature, failure in capturing the gapped features of spin-1 Heisenberg chain, while the numerical approaches illustrate a good achievement at $$T\rightarrow 0$$

T
→
0

within the proper parameters chosen.
Constraints on near-source saturation models for avoiding over-saturation of response spectral ordinates in RVT-based stochastic ground-motion simulations
Authors: Stafford Peter J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInversions of empirical data and ground-motion models to find Fourier spectral parameters can result in parameter combinations that produce over-saturation of short-period response spectral ordinates. While some evidence for over-saturation in empirical data exists, most ground-motion modellers do not permit this scaling within their models. Host-to-target adjustments that are made to published ground-motion models for use in site-specific seismic hazard analyses frequently require the identification of an equivalent set of Fourier spectral parameters. In this context, when inverting response spectral models that do not exhibit over-saturation effects, it is desirable to impose constraints upon the Fourier parameters to match the scaling of the host-region model. The key parameters that determine whether over-saturation arises are the geometric spreading rate (γ) and the exponential rate within near-source saturation models (hβ). The article presents the derivation of simple nonlinear constraints that can be imposed to prevent over-saturation when undertaking Fourier spectral inversions.
Deep ST
Authors: Ferguson Thomas M. , Ramírez-Cámara Elisángela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany analyses of notion of metainferences in the non-transitive logic have tackled the question of whether can be identified with classical logic. In this paper, we argue that the primary analyses are overly restrictive of the notion of metainference. We offer a more elegant and tractable semantics for the strict-tolerant hierarchy based on the three-valued function for the material conditional. This semantics can be shown to easily handle the introduction of mixed inferences, i.e., inferences involving objects belonging to more than one (meta)inferential level and solves several other limitations of the hierarchies introduced by Barrio, Pailos, and Szmuc.
Increased proliferation is associated with CNS invasion in meningiomas
Authors: Behling Felix , Fodi Christina , Wang Sophie , Hempel Johann-Martin , Hoffmann Elgin , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Honegger Jürgen , Tatagiba Marcos , Schittenhelm Jens , Skardelly Marco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial neoplasms. CNS invasion in meningiomas has been integrated into the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors as a stand-alone criterion for atypia. Since then, its prognostic impact has been debated based on contradictory results from retrospective analyses. The aim of the study was to elucidate whether histopathological evidence of CNS invasion is associated with increased proliferative potential.

Methods
We have conducted a quantified measurement of the proliferation marker Ki67 and analyzed its association with CNS invasion determined by histology together with other established prognostic markers of progression. Routine, immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 were digitalized and automatic quantification was done using Image J software.

Results
Overall, 1718 meningiomas were assessed. Histopathological CNS invasion was seen in 108 cases (6.7%). Uni- and multivariate analysis revealed a significantly higher Ki67 proliferation rate in meningiomas with CNS invasion (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0098, respectively).

Conclusions
Meningiomas with histopathological CNS invasion show a higher proliferative activity.
Single-stage to orbit ascent trajectory optimisation with reliable evolutionary initial guess
Authors: Marchetti Francesco , Minisci Edmondo , Riccardi Annalisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the ascent trajectory optimization of a lifting body Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle is investigated. The work is carried out using a Direct Multiple Shooting method to solve the Optimal Control problem. The crucial initialisation of the optimisation process is performed by using a combination of two evolutionary algorithms, namely a Multi-Objective Parzen-based Estimation of Distribution (MOPED) algorithm and a Multi-Population Adaptive Inflationary Differential Evolution Algorithm (MP-AIDEA). Multi-Objective Parzen-based Estimation of Distribution (MOPED) belongs to the class of Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) and it is used in the first phase of the initial guess research to explore the search space, then Multi-Population Adaptive Inflationary Differential Evolution Algorithm (MP-AIDEA) is used to refine the obtained results, and better fulfill the imposed constraints. The initial guesses obtained with this evolutionary framework were tested on different multiple shooting configurations. The importance of the continuity properties of the employed mathematical models was also quantitatively addressed.
Involvement of P2X7 receptors in chronic pain disorders
Authors: Ren Wen-Jing , Illes Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic pain is caused by cellular damage with an obligatory inflammatory component. In response to noxious stimuli, high levels of ATP leave according to their concentration gradient, the intracellular space through discontinuities generated in the plasma membrane or diffusion through pannexin-1 hemichannels, and activate P2X7Rs localized at peripheral and central immune cells. Because of the involvement of P2X7Rs in immune functions and especially the initiation of macrophage/microglial and astrocytic secretion of cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, proteases, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species as well as the excitotoxic glutamate/ATP, this receptor type has a key role in chronic pain processes. Microglia are equipped with a battery of pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacterial infections or danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as ATP. The co-stimulation of these receptors leads to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release. In the present review, we invite you to a journey through inflammatory and neuropathic pain, primary headache, and regulation of morphine analgesic tolerance, in the pathophysiology of which P2X7Rs are centrally involved. P2X7R bearing microglia and astrocyte-like cells playing eminent roles in chronic pain will be also discussed.