bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with uncertainties: floating solar farm in natural lakes
Authors: Santos-Borja A C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Floating solar farm has been demonstrated as technically and commercially viable in man-made lakes, ponds and in coal-mining subsidence areas. Studies on its environmental impacts are limited and some are still being conducted globally. The use of natural lakes for this kind of renewable energy generation is being explored for the first time in the Philippines, particularly in Laguna de Bay. It is considered as a potential development project, but there were concerns on the environmental and social impacts on a multiple-use lake. As an initial step to deal with uncertainties, the Laguna Lake Development Authority allowed the operation of floating solar farms on a pilot scale for one year subject to certain requirements including the monitoring of essential water quality parameters in the pilot sites to determine the impacts. The data together with the inputs from the operators of the pilot projects were used in the assessment of the environmental, technical and commercial viability of floating solar farm and was used by the Laguna Lake Development Authority in formulating a policy on this emerging use of the lake and in crafting the implementing rules and regulations.
Potential of the water flea Daphnia magna to control phytoplankton population in eutrophic waters
Authors: Tanjung L R , Chrismadha T , Sulawesty F , Nafisyah E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Water enrichment has become a national problem that needs to be resolved. This study examined the ability of water fleas Daphnia magna to grow and to control phytoplankton populations in the waters from eutrophic ponds Situ Cikaret and Situ Gunung Putri in Bogor Regency, West Java. Water samples from these water bodies were used to grow the daphnid populations in the styrofoam aquariums without artificial feeding with an initial density of 3.3 individuals/L. The experiment was carried out with three replications. Daphnid population was counted every 4–5 days to observe its growth and development. The chlorophyll content that reflects the phytoplankton biomass at the beginning of the study in the water of Situ Cikaret and Situ Gunung Putri were 52 and 22 μg/L, respectively. The water from fertile ponds allowed the development of phytoplankton populations and be utilized by daphnids to support their growth and reproduction. The results indicated that daphnids showed a preference for some phytoplankton genera more than other genera because not all phytoplankton populations were consumed. Following an increase in chlorophyll content, the daphnid density also increased to reach a maximum of 197 individuals/L in the water of Situ Cikaret and 169 individuals/L in the water of Situ Gunung Putri on day 15. The chlorophyll content decreased significantly towards the end of the experiment indicating the phytoplankton population is almost depleted. Hence, this study showed the potential of water flea Daphnia magna as bio-resources to utilize eutrophic pond waters and to control the phytoplankton population to improve water quality.
Water quality investigation of the main river in Daegu, South Korea
Authors: Nurohman Heri , Lee Tae-Gwan , Kwon Hyuk-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
River water quality of Daegu city has been fluctuating for the last several years. This condition requires attention to avoid the possibility of severe water quality degradation. This study aims to identify temporal and spatial distribution, sources of pollutants, and the dominance of specific pollutants on the Nakdong River. River water quality data with a duration of 5 years has been collected and analyzed statistically and combined with Geographic Information System (GIS). The data included BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP, Chl-a, and TOC. The results showed a repetition of a period of decline in river water quality due to the algal bloom phenomenon. This phenomenon closely related to the BOD concentration in the river. Also, the emergence of TOC in high concentrations requires special attention so that it does not become an ongoing problem. COD has the most positive correlation with TOC. This problem becomes serious because it was located at the inlet of water treatment plant in this river. Controlling BOD and COD concentration, especially from effluent of wastewater treatment plant, might become one of the relevant solutions to restrain river water quality degradation. The results of further identification indicate the possibility of nonpoint sources influence, which resulting the river water quality decrease.
Assessment of Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) as a Source of Nutrient at Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Lubis R F , Bakti H , Afdal  , Prayitno H B , Bayhaqi A , Onodera S , Taniguchi M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the direct discharge of groundwater to the sea, is a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide. While SGD is defined as “any and all flow of water on continental margins”, this review focuses on the terrestrial fraction, also known as fresh SGD Jakarta Bay, which started from the late 1980s have had greatest impact on mangrove areas and coastal water quality due to the expanding of the city. In such an environment, inputs of nutrients will play an important role in sustaining primary productivity. Atmospheric deposition and riverine runoff have been traditionally considered the main external sources of nutrients to the bay, whereas the role of submarine groundwater discharge has been largely ignored. . In this study, we used radon tracers and salinity to investigate SGD and associated nutrient inputs to Jakarta Bay especially from Citarum Estuary as the main river. The result shows that SGD becomes an important role in understanding the nutrient cycle at Jakarta Bay.
Sedimentation in Syn-Rift Set of Austalia Continent Series in east part of West-Timor, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Nurhidayati A U , Utomo B H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
West Timor is a collision product of Banda Island and Australia Continental. It is the youngest collision product on the earth. The measuring section in the study area was assigned to know the outcrop and lithology of the study area. Aside, the biostratigraphy examination including pollen and large foraminifera and gravity measurement were assigned in the study area to understand the sedimentation system in the study area. The objective of the study is to ascertain the tectonic events and the basin filling of the study area in the West Timor of the syn-rift system. Based on the research conducted, the result indicates that the tectonostartigraphy in West Timor consists of syn-rift, post-rift, and syn-orogeny. The basin was formed in the Late Permian and the sediments were deposited in the terrestrial (lacustrine) environment. The rifting in the West Timor basin occurred in Late Permian-Jura and the sediments were initially deposited in the terrestrial and deepening to the deep marine during Trias and Jura. The Post-rift of West Timor occurred in the Cretaceous-Miocene. In the post-rift event, deep marine sediment was deposited.
Indonesian Throughflow Intensity and Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly since the Last Deglaciation: An Overview
Authors: Hendrizan M , Cahyarini S Y , Ningsih N S , Rachmayani R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a low latitude pathway connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean via Indonesian Sea. It plays an important role in the thermohaline circulation, directly impacting the budget, mass, heat, and freshwater of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, further impacting the global climate phenomena. Climate phenomena include sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the Pacific Ocean is known as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO has a global economic impact on countries adjacent to the Pacific. For example, Indonesia experiences drought during El Nino. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how oceanic circulation influences the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean via Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). A Long time series of ocean data, including SST and salinity in the past, is required to better understand the variability of ITF intensity. This paper presents an overview of the previous study on the ITF intensity and its influences on climate since the last deglaciation to Holocene in the Makassar Strait
Applying Wavelet Analysis to Assess the Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) Geomagnetic Anomalies prior to the M6.1 Banten Earthquake (2018)
Authors: Febriani F , Ahadi S , Anggono T , Syuhada  , Dewi C N , Prasetio A D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The M6.1 Banten earthquake (EQ) occurred on January 23, 2018. The EQ epicenter was in Lebak Regency, Banten. The epicenter distance from the ULF geomagnetic station installed in Banten Province is about 100 km. Applying wavelet analysis on the geomagnetic time series data, we assess the ultra-low frequency (ULF) geomagnetic anomaly related to the M6.1 Banten EQ. We focused on the frequency of 0.02 Hz for the analysis of the spectral density ratio based on wavelet. We applied the Morlet wavelet as the mother wavelet in this study. The spectral density ratio analysis based on the Morlet wavelet presents the existence of the ULF geomagnetic anomalies prior to the M6.1 Banten EQ. The global geomagnetic index, Dst, did not show any peculiarity when the anomalies prior to the EQ exist. Then, we concluded that the anomaly is possibly related to the Banten EQ.
Hypocenter relocation using 2006 aftershock data and the current seismic activity in the Yogyakarta region, Indonesia
Authors: Aulia A N , Putra M H Z , Yogi I B S , Farisan A , Puswanto E , Arisa D , Priyanto W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
On May 27, 2006, a significant earthquake Mw 6.4 struck Yogyakarta Area, Indonesia. In this study, we analyzed aftershocks waveform data from 16 temporary network stations of Geo Forschungs Zentrum (GFZ) located around the Yogyakarta Area. We determined the P-and S-wave arrival times manually, with the criteria recorded at least five stations starting from June 3 to July 5, 2006. We successfully relocated 1228 events consisting of 8122 P-and S-wave phases, respectively, and update the 1-D velocity model simultaneously using the Joint Hypocenter Determination Method. To confirm the aftershock distribution, we also analyze the seismic activity around the Yogyakarta Area starting from 2006 until 2019. Our results show that the aftershocks are divided into 2 clusters; cluster located in the southern part of Opak Fault and 10-20 km east of the Opak Fault. We proposed that the main fault rupture of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake located in the east of Opak Fault, where this zone is still seismically active until 2015. We conclude that the main fault rupture zone and the Opak Fault are joined in the same fault complex. However, further studies of this complex fault zone are still needed; hence, we will use the results of this study as input in conducting three-dimensional velocity and attenuation inversion.
Pre-and Coseismic Analysis of the Mw7.6 Padang Earthquake 2009 from Geodetic Approach
Authors: Arisa D. , Setiadi B. , Priyanto W. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
On September 30, 2009, an Mw7.6 earthquake hit the west coast of Sumatra. This main shock caused the crustal deformation affecting a wide area in the western part of Sumatra. This paper presents the analysis of the deformation recorded by the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr) network. More than 40 GPS stations were installed to continuously monitor the deformation in Sumatra, among 12 of them is known to have been deformed by this earthquake. We processed whole data in 2009 to understand the dynamics of western part of Sumatra before, during and after the earthquake. Relative daily position data is obtained from postprocessing with GAMIT/GLOBK software, implementing the DGPS technique to estimate daily position from GPS RINEX data. GPS measurements shows that during the earthquake, most stations in Mentawai is deformed toward the southwest direction, varies from 8 – 50 mm, and the stations in mainland Sumatra is deformed toward various direction, varies from 5 – 28 mm. There is no anomaly and strange behaviour before the event as the precursor, and the deformation trend one day after the events seems to return to the preseismic pattern.
Bearing Capacity Prediction of Mine Hauling Road Using Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)
Authors: Sirait B , Sarah D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mine hauling road plays an important role in open pit mining that serves as the main link for transports to significant locations, such as connection from pit/quarry – crusher – stockpile/rom – jetty. Inadequate bearing capacity could result in construction failure of the haul road, therefore it is important to understand the bearing capacity of the sub base layer along the determined haul road route. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) was utilized to obtain the insitu geotechnical data used for determining the haul road bearing capacity. Results show that the occurrence of hard layer along the haul road route varies from the depth of 3.40 (CPT12) to 12.20 m (CPT06). Calculated bearing capacity of the sub base layer shows varying results along the road route. Minimum ultimate bearing capacity (qul) of 430.49 kN/m2 is found in CPT-06 site with allowable bearing capacity (qall) of 215.24 kN/m2. While maximum ultimate bearing capacity (qul) occurs in CPT-04 site of 2058.71 kN/m2 with the allowable bearing capacity (qall) of 1029.35 kN/m2. The calculated average ultimate bearing capacity (qul) is 1151.47 kN/m2 and allowable bearing capacity (qall) 575.74 kN/m2. It is suggested that the type of dump truck used for hauling should have tire pressure less than or equal to 575.74 kN/m2, in order to maintain the road during mining lifetime and prevent road deterioration.
Mineralogy and Characterization of Clay Mineral of West Lampung
Authors: Yanti Evi Dwi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Clay mineral resources were found in West Lampung Regency. Local citizen has been using clay for pottery and building materials. Optimization of mineral utilization is needed to increase the economic value of these mineral resources. The study of mineralogy and characterization was carried out to determine the possible uses of clay minerals. The study was conducted on 5 clay samples of different color using XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The result shows natural clay minerals assemblages are kaolinite and halloysite. Thermal behaviors of the samples have a multi-stage decomposition with relatively stable intermediates. Kaolinite appears like pseudo-hexagonal platelets with various sizesand halloysite looks like a distinct tubular form in different sizes.
Preparation of High Strength Coke from Indonesian Lignite by Deeply Pulverized
Authors: Wibawa A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coke production from lignite was studied as a continuation of research showing the effectiveness of a sequence of hot briquettes and carbonization on preparations high strength coke from Indonesian lignite. The hot briquetting and carbonization cokes from three Indonesian lignites with a deeply pulverized. Ball milling carried out for 10 hours and 20 hours to obtain a small particle size. Raw lignite hot briquettes at mechanical pressure and temperature of 128 MPa and 200 °C, respectively, allowed cokes to be produced with a tensile strength (TS) of 7-11 MPa. Pretreatment, 10 hour and 20 hour ball milling, respectively increasing TS from the resulting coke to 15-23 and 19-36 MPa. Moreover, it is proved in this study that the structure on the coke fracture has a smooth texture and solid with less pore. There is a strong correlation between TS and coke density of individual lignites.
Linking Between Sedimentary Facies and Petrophysical Rock Type: A Case Study
Authors: Kurniawan D H , Winardi S , Anggara F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rock typing is a technique of grouping rocks that have similar properties, which properties can be in the form of sedimentary, petrophysical, and reservoir parameters. Classification based on sedimentary parameters is called sedimentary rock type (SRT), while grouping based on petrophysical parameters is called petrophysical rock type (PRT). The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between SRT and PRT in the research area. The method used to determine sedimentary rock type is to use the facies concept approach, while the method used to determine petrophysical rock type is the Hydraulic Flow Unit Method, Global Hydraulic Element, Winland R35, and Pore Geometry Structure. In this study, determined the relationship between sedimentary rock type with petrophysical rock type, where some facies that have certain characteristics will have a certain type of petrophysical rock type pattern. Thoroughly bioturbated mudstone facies which have low porosity and permeability have two petrophysical rock types with initial sequence (RT 1 and RT 2) with the HFU, GHE, and Winland R35 methods, while with the PGS method there are RT 4 to RT 7. These facies have low rock type variations, it can be concluded that these facies are homogeneous
Sustainable Production of Concrete using Coir Fibres
Authors: Kore Sudarshan D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the investigation conducted in India using coir fibres as an additive substance used in the preparation of sustainable concrete mixtures. It is meant to be used as energy-saving building components. The coir fibres were added in different percentages 2%, 4%, and 6%, and to compare the results of these the reference concrete was also prepared without coir fibres. The study focuses on investigating the different parameters such as workability, density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. The concrete blends were made while maintaining a constant water cement ratio of 0.52. The results of this study revealed that the addition of coir fibres in concrete mixes enhances the mechanical properties of concrete. An optimal percentage was proposed as 4 percent for the addition of coir fibres in concrete. It is possible to produce sustainable concrete with the use of coir fibres.
Sustainability Index: A Tool to Measure Environmental Performance of an Indian City
Authors: Goyal Rajesh , Dhawan Akshay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper aims at measuring and assessing the Indian Cities on the environmental performance criteria across a broad range of categories and supporting indicators. A unique tool is devised for the stakeholders to address the common environmental issues faced by a lot of Indian cities and to help them learn from each other. Metropolitan cities have various Environmental issues such as urban sprawl, loss of green and natural spaces, inadequate water supply, wastewater, solid-waste, pollution of soil and air. In order to counter these problems, the cities have been changing by introducing smart sustainable techniques. Because of these changes, there is competition not amongst various nations but also among various cities in terms of investors, tourists, workmen etc. As a result, recent trends focus on rating system. There are a number of benefits directly attached to the sustainability rating tool like to minimize the city’s environmental footprint, accommodate population growth, and safeguard quality of life of urban dwellers today and in future. It also helps investors to make a choice of their location, helps cities by being a guiding spirit to enlist various strengths and weaknesses of the cities and thereby assisting them in improvement by working on their weaknesses and in defining and planning their goals and to strategize aimed at bolstering their occupied position and to develop plan for the future.
Faecal Sludge Management in Urban Environment, Omni Processor an Innovative Technology
Authors: Vyas Anil D , Swami Suman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Comparing to wastewater management practices, various treatment options available for Faecal Sludge (FS) are almost a century old. 2.7 billion People across the globe, mainly in the developing nations are relying on “On Site Sanitation Systems”, OSS or unsewered sanitation. This situation will last for decades as city wide sanitation through sewer lines is neither feasible nor affordable. It is estimated that by the year 2030, almost five billion people across the globe would be relying on OSS. This paper focuses on issues of FS in developing nations, the huge gaps in sanitation value chain, the technological options available and innovations in treating FS through “Omni Processor”. With ultimate aim of removing pathogens and converting FS into water and electricity it works on various technological options that are not limited to super critical oxidation, pyrolysis, combustion and so on.
Life Cycle Analysis for The Production of Urea Through Syngas
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Verma Shalini , Gupta Abhishek , Ranjan Paul Akshoy , Jain Anuj , Haque Nawshad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For optimum growth of the agriculture industry certain urea-based fertilizers are used to provide better Nitrogen content to the soil, but this growth comes with a cost in terms of carbon footprint. In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for urea production having a minimum of 46% nitrogen content. For LCA, a fertilizer industry with 3850 MTPD urea production capacity is considered with an annual target of 1.27 MMTPA, while the functional unit is taken as 1MT of urea production. This paper is concerned about finding the MT equivalent CO2 required per MT urea production. The coal used for syngas preparation is from G9 to G14 meaning the gross calorific value (GCV) ranges from 4601 to 3400 GCV per kilocalories. The carbon footprint of catalyst is considered and showed its importance when it comes to larger production size. In this analysis, MT CO2equivalent per MT urea is 0.714and this result is also compared with the data of the developing countries.
Relational Recovery for Mental Health Carers and Family: Relationships, Complexity and Possibilities
Authors: Wyder Marianne , Barratt Jastine , Jonas Rowena , Bland Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Whilst recovery theory in mental health has become increasingly influential, much of the focus has been on individualistic understandings. This study aimed to explore the relevance of a family-based recovery framework developed by the authors. This framework explored the CHIME (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning and Purpose, and Empowerment) tenants of recovery from the perspectives of the consumer, the family role of providing recovery-oriented support and own recovery. Two Action Learning Sets (ASLs) were conducted with Family Peer Workers: the first ASL focused on presenting and receiving feedback on the framework and this feedback was integrated into a new model, which was represented and refined at a second ASL. The results highlight that recovery processes are strongly embedded within family networks, which can be composed of different individuals, relationships, roles and experiences. Furthermore, recovery processes are not static and individual family members can be at different stages. Whilst CHIME provides a useful framework, it did not encapsulate the experiences of loss and complicated grief many families face. A relational framework that encapsulates the interaction of recovery experiences between different family members as well as grief and loss can guide clinicians to support family’s capacity to encourage recovery of individual members as well as ameliorating the family’s psychological distress.