bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical, sensorial and rheological characterisation of whole‐fat or low‐fat milk jams as influenced by calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and sucrose content
Authors: Sulejmani Erhan I. , Boran Osman S. , Coşkun Aysegul , Hayaloglu Ali A. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRheological properties of sixteen milk jam treatments produced from commercial full‐fat (3 g/100 g) and skimmed (0.15 g/100 g) cow milk by the addition of sucrose, sodium bicarbonate and CaCl2 were examined. pH, titratable acidity, total solids and ash contents in the milk jam samples ranged from 6.2 to 6.8, 1.3 to 3.3 g/100 g, 56.7 to 70.5 g/100 g and 1.7 to 3 g/100 g, respectively, with a significant variability (P < 0.05). The flow behaviour and consistency indices ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 and 2.7 to 208 Pa.sn, respectively. Rheological measurements showed that the maximal G' × 102 value showed considerable variation (5–932 Pa). As sucrose content increased, pH and total solid content increased, whereas ash content and the L value decreased. Also, a negative correlation between pH and L* (lightness) was found (P < 0.05). Dynamic rheology showed that the jam from skimmed milk with full sucrose and without sodium bicarbonate exhibited more solid‐like behaviour than the ones prepared with full sucrose and with sodium bicarbonate. In conclusion, the increase in milk fat caused a decrease in resistance of the mixture subjected to the deformation, which is very important for production of quality milk jam.
Loneliness and cravings for sugar‐sweetened beverages among adolescents
Authors: Doan Stacey N. , Xie Bin , Zhou Yutong , Lei Xiaomeng , Reynolds Kim D. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPurposeThe consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with weight gain in both children and adults. In addition to environmental factors, such as food availability, psychological variables, including mood states, also impact intake. In the current study, we focus on momentary associations between feelings of loneliness and craving for SSBs among adolescents and explore the moderating role of family functioning. Loneliness has been associated with a wide range of health outcomes, but to date, few studies have examined its association with cravings for SSBs.MethodsUsing an ecological‐momentary assessment design, data were collected on 158 (males = 68, mean age = 15.13 ± 2.27 years) participants. Multilevel mixed‐effects models were used to examine the relations between the main and interactive effects of loneliness and family functioning on cravings for SSBs, independent of other negative emotions.ResultsResults suggest that loneliness in adolescents was associated with a small increase in craving for SSBs. Importantly, the relationship held after controlling for negative emotions, suggesting the unique role of loneliness. However, positive family functioning did not mitigate the relations between loneliness and craving for SSBs.ConclusionsLoneliness uniquely contributes to cravings for SSBs. At the same time, family functioning did not buffer the influence of loneliness on cravings for SSBs among adolescents.
Policy Change in Times of Politicization: The Case of Corporate Taxation in the European Union*
Authors: Roland Aanor , Römgens Indra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEU corporate tax policy has long consisted solely in eliminating fiscal barriers. This changed after the financial and Eurozone crises when the European Commission proposed ‘market‐correcting’ provisions to increase tax transparency and ‘fairness’, which were partially adopted by the Council. Analyses of EU responses to the crisis have largely ignored taxation issues. This article fills this gap and explains the substantive re‐orientation of EU corporate tax policy through the concept of politicization. Based on 19 expert interviews, it details the politicization process of corporate taxation resulting from changes in global governance, media tax scandals, and the work of non‐governmental organizations (NGOs). Through the politicization dynamic, new institutional and discursive opportunities were exploited by the European Commission, Parliament and NGOs to induce policy change. We explore this reciprocal interaction between social forces and supranational actors to demonstrate that ‘politicization at the top’ can facilitate a more progressive deepening of European integration.
Decline in renal function associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy positively coordinated with proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Muramatsu Taichi , Takahashi Masahiro , Kakinuma Rena , Sato Tomoyo , Yamamoto Mitsuyo , Akazawa Manabu , Tanaka Kentaro , Kikuchi Takako , Kushiyama Akifumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) assessed by the coefficient of variation of the R‐R interval and the reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study enrolled type 2 diabetes patients who had their coefficient of variation of the R‐R interval measured on an electrocardiogram from January 2005 to December 2018. CAN was defined using the reference coefficient of variation of the R‐R interval value based on age and sex. The primary outcome was set as a 40% eGFR decline from baseline. Regression analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were carried out to evaluate the association.ResultsOf the 831 patients, 118 (14.2%) were diagnosed with CAN. In the analysis of the primary outcome, the median follow‐up period was 5.3 years, and 25 (21.2%) patients with CAN and 78 (10.9%) patients without CAN developed a 40% eGFR decline. In the univariate regression analysis, CAN was significantly associated with a 40% eGFR decline (hazard ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.54–3.80). In the multivariate analysis, CAN remained almost significant after adjusting for the prognostic risk factors for CAN and the decline in the renal function, and an interaction with proteinuria was found. In analyses for the interaction effect between CAN and proteinuria, the presence of CAN synergistically increased the risk of an eGFR decline in patients with macroproteinuria.ConclusionsCAN strongly increased the risk of a 40% eGFR decline from baseline, especially in type 2 diabetes patients with macroproteinuria.
The feasibility of laparoscopically assisted, hysteroscopic removal of interstitial pregnancies: A case series
Authors: Niu Xiaocen , Tang Yibo , Li Songyue , Ni Shanshan , Zheng Wanren , Huang Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to assess the feasibility of the management of interstitial pregnancy by laparoscopically assisted hysteroscopic removal.MethodsThis retrospective study included a case series of 17 patients who were diagnosed interstitial pregnancy with dilated proximal tubal ostium by transvaginal ultrasonography at the Women's hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University between August 2017 and October 2020. Laparoscopically assisted hysteroscopic removals of the products of conception were performed. Various data were collected including age, surgical and obstetric history, gestational age, preoperative symptoms, human chorionic gonadotropin level and ultrasonography results. The outcomes measured were intraoperative bleeding, pathologic findings, conversions.ResultsEleven cases were successfully resected the interstitial gestational products with laparoscopically assisted hysteroscopy. There were four cases failed of hysteroscopic removal, for the proximal tubal ostia were too small for the surgical instruments to enter. Then cornual wedge resections were performed. Two cases were identified as intramural pregnancy by hysteroscopic and laparoscopic view. Most of the intramural pregnancy tissue of one patient was removed by hysteroscopy. The other one converted to laparoscopy.ConclusionLaparoscopically assisted hysteroscopic management could be a feasible surgical option to interstitial pregnancies. Further clinical studies are needed to establish detailed criteria to select the appropriate cases for hysteroscopic management.
A Q Methodology Study Into Vision of Italian L2 University Students: An Australian Perspective
Authors: CARUSO MARINELLA , FRASCHINI NICOLA 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study explores language learners’ motivation from the perspective of vision, a concept that has specifically been identified as one of the next challenges for motivation research. Having conceptualized vision as a powerful motivational component of the language learning process, and focusing on the learner's individual perspective, we employed Q methodology to identify the visions, as imagined here and now, of students’ second language (L2) selves. While Q methodology is becoming increasingly popular in applied linguistics, thanks to its ability to offer a scientific and holistic investigation of subjectivity, no study has previously employed it to gain in‐depth understanding of how learners of Italian in an Anglophone context envision themselves as future bilingual or multilingual speakers. Students from an Australian university ranked statements related to imagined scenarios of L2 selves, and factor analysis of these ranks exposed 3 motivational profiles: ‘the multilingual fan with an edge,’ ‘the mobile and linguistically competent,’ and ‘the lover of the Italian culture.’ By engaging in new and fresh ways to understand language students and their self‐visions, this study contributes to the understanding of motivation and provides a useful tool for comparison for other languages, as well as other institutional and geographical contexts.
Broadcasting good news and learning from bad news: Experimental evidence on public managers' performance information use
Authors: Mikkelsen Maria F. , Petersen Niels B. G. , Bjørnholt Bente 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article argues and shows that performance narratives affect how and for what purposes managers use performance information independently of other known drivers of performance information use, such as the external environment and individual intra‐ and interorganizational characteristics. Using a survey experiment on 514 Danish public school managers, we find an asymmetrical effect of “decline narratives” (declining performance) and “increase narratives” (improving performance). In line with expectations drawing on literature on negativity bias and blame‐avoidance, we find that “decline narratives” lead to higher internal use (learning and control purposes) of performance information. In contrast, “increase narratives” lead to higher external use (giving account and building support purposes) of performance information. Further exploratory analysis suggests that internal use is not affected by narratives when managers are skeptical of the performance measure. More skeptical managers are, however, willing to use performance information with an “increase narrative” for external use.
The heartbeat evoked potential does not support strong interoceptive sensibility in trait mindfulness
Authors: Verdonk Charles , Trousselard Marion , Di Bernardi Luft Caroline , Medani Takfarinas , Billaud Jean‐Baptiste , Ramdani Céline , Canini Frédéric , Claverie Damien , Jaumard‐Hakoun Aurore , Vialatte François 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe enhancement of body awareness is proposed as one of the cognitive mechanisms that characterize mindfulness. To date, this hypothesis is supported by self‐report and behavioral measures but still lacks physiological evidence. The current study investigated relation between trait mindfulness (i.e., individual differences in the ability to be mindful in daily life) and body awareness in combining a self‐report measure (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness [MAIA] questionnaire) with analysis of the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), which is an event‐related potential reflecting the cortical processing of the heartbeat. The HEP data were collected from 17 healthy participants under five minutes of resting‐state condition. In addition, each participant completed the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and the MAIA questionnaire. Taking account of the important variability of HEP effects, analyses were replicated with the same participants three times (in three distinct sessions). First, group‐level analyses showed that HEP amplitude and trait mindfulness do not correlate. Secondly, we observed that HEP amplitude could positively correlate with self‐reported body awareness; however, this association was unreliable over time. Interestingly, we found that HEP measure shows very poor reliability over time at the individual level, potentially explaining the lack of reliable association between HEP and psychological traits. Lastly, a reliable positive correlation was found between self‐reported trait mindfulness and body awareness. Taken together, these findings provide preliminary evidence that the HEP might not support the increased subjective body awareness in trait mindfulness, thus suggesting that perhaps objective and subjective measures of body awareness could be independent.
The socio‐economic impact of running‐related injuries: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Sleeswijk Visser Tjerk S. O. , van Middelkoop Marienke , Fokkema Tryntsje , de Vos Robert‐Jan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of running‐related injuries (RRIs) on activities of daily living (ADL), work, healthcare utilization, and estimated costs.DesignProspective cohort study with data from a randomized controlled trial.MethodsAdult recreational runners who registered for a running event (distances 5 to 42 km) were included in this study. Minimum follow‐up duration was 3 months (preparation, event participation, and post‐race period). Injuries were registered using a standardized definition. Primary outcome measure was a standardized 5‐item survey on limitations in ADL. The survey data were categorized to the number of injured runners with complete/moderate/no limitations. This outcome was expressed as the percentage of injured runners with any limitation (complete or moderate limitations amalgamated). Secondary outcomes were work absenteeism, the number of healthcare visits per injured runner, and estimated direct medical and indirect costs per participant and per RRI.Results1929 runners (mean [SD] age 41 [12] years, 53% men) were included in this study and 883 runners (46%) sustained a RRI during the course of the study. Injured runners reported the highest limitations (% with any limitation) of RRIs during the first week of injury on sports and leisure activities (70%) and transportation activities (23%). 39% of the injured runners visited a healthcare professional. Work absenteeism due to the RRI was reported in 5% of the injured runners. The total mean estimated costs were €74 per RRI and €35 per participant.ConclusionsInjured runners are mainly limited in their transportation activities and during sports and leisure. While the estimated costs of RRIs are not high when expressed per participant, the absolute costs may be substantial due to the popularity of running.
Frequencies of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY antigens in Japanese
Authors: Kaito Sayaka , Suzuki Yumi , Masuno Atsuko , Isa Kazumi , Toyoda Chizu , Onodera Takayuki , Ogasawara Kenichi , Uchikawa Makoto , Tsuno Nelson‐Hirokazu , Satake Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAntigens of the MNS blood group system are expressed on the red blood cell (RBC) membrane on glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) or on hybrid molecules of GPA and GPB. This study investigated the distribution of glycophorin variants and alloantibodies against Hil and MINY among Japanese individuals.MethodsMi(a+) or Hil+ RBCs were screened using an automated blood grouping machine (PK7300) with monoclonal anti‐Mia or polyclonal anti‐Hil. Glycophorin variants were defined by serology with monoclonal antibodies against Mia, Vw, MUT and Mur, and polyclonal antibodies against Hil, MINY and Hop + Nob (KIPP). The glycophorin variants were further confirmed by immunoblotting and Sanger sequencing. Alloanti‐Hil and alloanti‐MINY in the plasma were screened using GP.Hil RBCs in an antiglobulin test. The specificity of anti‐Hil or anti‐MINY was assessed using GP.Hil (Hil+MINY+) and GP.JL (Hil‒MINY+) RBCs.ResultsThe GP.HF, GP.Mur, GP.Hut, GP.Vw, GP.Kip and GP.Bun frequencies in 1 005 594 individuals were 0·0357%, 0·0256%, 0·0181%, 0·0017%, 0·0009% and 0·0007%, respectively. GP.Hil was found in as four of the 13 546 individuals (0·0295%). Of 137 370 donors, 10 had anti‐Hil (0·0073%) and three had anti‐MINY (0·0022%).ConclusionsGlycophorin variants were relatively rare in Japanese individuals, with the major variants being GP.HF (0·0357%), GP.Hil (0·0295%) and GP.Mur (0·0256%). Only one example of anti‐MINY was previously reported, but we found three more in this study.
Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in wild ruminants in Spain
Authors: Castro‐Scholten Sabrina , Cano‐Terriza David , Jiménez‐Ruiz Saúl , Almería Sonia , Risalde María A. , Vicente Joaquín , Acevedo Pelayo , Arnal María C. , Balseiro Ana , Gómez‐Guillamón Félix , Escribano Fernando , Puig‐Ribas María , Dubey Jitender P. , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii which infects warm‐blooded species worldwide. Humans can be infected through ingestion of tissue cysts from raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. A nationwide large‐scale cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess exposure to T. gondii in seven wild ruminant species in Spain. A total of 2,040 serum samples from 77 sampling sites randomly distributed in the five bioregions (BRs) covering mainland Spain were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using the modified agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 22.0% (449/2,040). Seroprevalence by species in decreasing order was as follows: 39.6% (141/356) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 37.1% (138/372) in fallow deer (Dama dama), 16.6% (92/553) in red deer (Cervus elaphus), 14.0% (26/186) in Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 11.5% (24/209) in mouflon (Ovis aries musimon), 7.8% (27/346) in Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica) and 5.6% (1/18) in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia). Seropositivity was detected in 74.0% (57/77) of the sampling sites. Results indicate widespread but not homogeneous exposure to T. gondii in wild ruminant populations in Spain during the last two decades and highlight differences related to animal species and spatial distribution of these species in this country; this implies potential consequences of T. gondii for animal health, conservation and public health.
Corticoreticulospinal tract neurophysiology in an arm and hand muscle in healthy and stroke subjects
Authors: Taga Myriam , Charalambous Charalambos C. , Raju Sharmila , Lin Jing , Zhang Yian , Stern Elisa , Schambra Heidi M. 
Published: July 2021

Key points
The corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) is a descending motor pathway that reorganizes after corticospinal tract (CST) injury in animals.
In humans, the pattern of CReST innervation to upper limb muscles has not been carefully examined in healthy individuals or individuals with CST injury.
In the present study, we assessed CReST projections to an arm and hand muscle on the same side of the body in healthy and chronic stoke subjects using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
We show that CReST connection strength to the muscles differs between healthy and stroke subjects, with stronger connections to the hand than arm in healthy subjects, and stronger connections to the arm than hand in stroke subjects.
These results help us better understand CReST innervation patterns in the upper limb, and may point to its role in normal motor function and motor recovery in humans.
AbstractThe corticoreticulospinal tract (CReST) is a major descending motor pathway in many animals, but little is known about its innervation patterns in proximal and distal upper extremity muscles in humans. The contralesional CReST furthermore reorganizes after corticospinal tract (CST) injury in animals, but it is less clear whether CReST innervation changes after stroke in humans. We thus examined CReST functional connectivity, connection strength, and modulation in an arm and hand muscle of healthy (n = 15) and chronic stroke (n = 16) subjects. We delivered transcranial magnetic stimulation to the contralesional hemisphere (assigned in healthy subjects) to elicit ipsilateral motor evoked potentials (iMEPs) from the paretic biceps (BIC) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. We operationalized CReST functional connectivity as iMEP presence/absence, CReST projection strength as iMEP size and CReST modulation as change in iMEP size by head rotation. We found comparable CReST functional connectivity to the BICs and FDIs in both subject groups. However, the pattern of CReST connection strength to the muscles diverged between groups, with stronger connections to FDIs than BICs in healthy subjects and stronger connections to BICs than FDIs in stroke subjects. Head rotation modulated only FDI iMEPs of healthy subjects. Our findings indicate that the healthy CReST does not have a proximal innervation bias, and its strong FDI connections may have functional relevance to finger individuation. The reversed CReST innervation pattern in stroke subjects confirms its reorganization after CST injury, and its strong BIC connections may indicate upregulation for particular upper extremity muscles or their functional actions.
Finite Element Analysis as an Iterative Design Tool for Students in an Introductory Biomechanics Course
Authors: Higbee Steven , Miller Sharon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Insufficient engineering analysis is a common weakness of student capstone design projects. Efforts made earlier in a curriculum to introduce analysis techniques should improve student confidence in applying these important skills toward design. To address student shortcomings in design, we implemented a new design project assignment for second-year undergraduate biomedical engineering students. The project involves the iterative design of a fracture fixation plate and is part of a broader effort to integrate relevant hands-on projects throughout our curriculum. Students are tasked with (1) using computer-aided design (CAD) software to make design changes to a fixation plate, (2) creating and executing finite element models to assess performance after each change, (3) iterating through three design changes, and (4) performing mechanical testing of the final device to verify model results. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to assess student knowledge, confidence, and achievement in design. Students exhibited design knowledge gains and cognizance of prior coursework knowledge integration into their designs. Further, student's self-reported confidence gains in approaching design, working with hardware and software, and communicating results. Finally, student self-assessments exceeded instructor assessment of student design reports, indicating that students have significant room for growth as they progress through the curriculum. Beyond the gains observed in design knowledge, confidence, and achievement, the fracture fixation project described here builds student experience with CAD, finite element analysis, three-dimensional printing, mechanical testing, and design communication. These skills contribute to the growing toolbox that students ultimately bring to capstone design.