bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage Assessment in Japan and Potential Use of New Technologies in Damage Assessment
Authors: Kusunoki K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRight after an earthquake, it is quite important to evaluate the damage level of the buildings in the affected area. In Japan, a rapid inspection is conducted to evaluate the risk of collapse due to an aftershock. If any damage is detected, it is required to conduct damage classification, which takes time but categorizes its damage into five damage categories. Japan has a standard for both rapid inspection and damage classification. They are briefed in this chapter. Similar to the damage classification, the loss of the house and home contents for the earthquake insurance. The method for earthquake insurance is also introduced. Since they are based on visual inspection, it is quite difficult to investigate the damage of the high-rise buildings and buildings covered by finishing. Recently, many kinds of research are conducted to use sensors for automatic and realtime damage classification. A structural health monitoring method with accelerometers based on the capacity spectrum method, which is currently installed into more than 40 buildings, is also introduced.
EU–Turkey Energy Dialogue: Moving Beyond the Accession Negotiations Framework
Authors: Sartori Nicolò 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnergy has long been perceived as a policy field where mutual strategic interests could lead to progressive policy convergence and enhanced cooperation between the EU and Turkey. This chapter evaluates the evolution of energy relations between the EU and Turkey, starting from early 2000s, paying specific attention to the key energy policies and the main bilateral dynamics in place in the energy domain. It analyzes the energy profiles and interests of Brussels and Ankara in order to evaluate whether or not the EU and Turkey have adopted mutually beneficial initiatives that foster convergence between the parties. Despite Ankara’s attempt to link energy cooperation primarily to the accession negotiations process, the EU has been able to keep the two tracks separated through the launch of parallel institutional initiatives which led to progressive policy alignment as long as the bilateral political conditions allowed it to maintain a structured dialogue. In recent years, the stalemate in accession negotiations and the rising tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean brought EU–Turkey energy dialogue to its historical low. Bottom-up technical and regulatory collaboration represents the most effective way to progress in bilateral energy cooperation, by decoupling energy dialogue from the formal accession negotiation process and underplaying the effects of high level political conflicts.
The European Council as a Key Driver of EU–Turkey Relations: Central Functions, Internal Dynamics, and Evolving Preferences
Authors: Turhan Ebru , Wessels Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe many faces of the European Council make it a core component of the institutional machinery maintaining relations between the EU and third countries, including Turkey. This chapter identifies the European Council’s roles as the EU’s ‘master of enlargement’, ‘external voice and crisis manager’, and ‘agenda and direction setter’ as its three primary functions that drive the EU–Turkey relationship. The central focus of the chapter is the evolution of the European Council in framing relations with a candidate country—or what many now call a ‘strategic partner’—and the identification of the critical turning points and shifts in the central functions, internal dynamics, and preferences of this key institution. The findings indicate a growing trend toward a more conflictual, relatively hostile relationship between the European Council and Turkey as a result of diverging geopolitical interests—especially in the Eastern Mediterranean—and normative considerations. Furthermore, the analysis reveals an expanding impact of bilateral issues and member states’ individual preferences on the European Council’s role as a driver of EU–Turkey relations. Still, with their powers, the Heads of State or Government are likely to remain a key driver of the future trajectory of the relationship, demonstrating an increased interest in ‘thinking outside of the accession box’ and in framing a relationship model that would safeguard EU–Turkey relations amidst growing disagreements with Ankara.
Modeling the gravitational field by using CFD techniques
Authors: Yin Zhi , Sneeuw Nico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA harmonic scalar field has a Laplacian (i.e., both source-free and curl-free) gradient vector field and vice versa. Despite the good performance of spherical harmonic series on modeling the gravitational field generated by spheroidal bodies (e.g., the Earth), the series may diverge inside the Brillouin sphere enclosing all field-generating mass. Divergence may realistically occur when determining the gravitational fields of asteroids or comets that have complex shapes, which is known as the complex-boundary value problem (CBVP). To overcome this weakness, we propose a new spatial-domain numerical method based on the equivalence transformation which is well known in the fluid dynamics community: a potential-flow velocity field and a gravitational force vector field are equivalent in a mathematical sense, both referring to a Laplacian vector field. The new method abandons the perturbation theory based on the Laplace equation, and, instead, derives the governing equation and the boundary condition of the potential flow from the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. Correspondingly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are introduced as a numerical solving scheme. We apply this novel approach to the gravitational field of the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko which has an irregular shape. The method is validated in a closed-loop simulation by comparing the result with a direct integration of Newton’s formula. Both methods are consistent with a relative magnitude discrepancy at the percentage level and with a small directional difference root-mean-square value of $$0.78^{\circ }$$

0
.

78
∘

. Moreover, the Laplacian property of the potential flow’s velocity field is proved mathematically. From both theoretical and practical points of view, the new numerical method is able to overcome the divergence problem and, hence, has a good potential for solving CBVPs.
Reconfiguring Dominating Sets in Minor-Closed Graph Classes
Authors: Rautenbach Dieter , Redl Johannes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor a graph G, two dominating sets D and $$D'$$

D
′

in G, and a non-negative integer k, the set D is said to k-transform to $$D'$$

D
′

if there is a sequence $$D_0,\ldots ,D_\ell $$

D
0

,
…
,

D
ℓ

of dominating sets in G such that $$D=D_0$$

D
=

D
0

, $$D'=D_\ell $$

D
′

=

D
ℓ

, $$|D_i|\le k$$

|

D
i

|
≤
k

for every $$i\in \{ 0,1,\ldots ,\ell \}$$

i
∈
{
0
,
1
,
…
,
ℓ
}

, and $$D_i$$

D
i

arises from $$D_{i-1}$$

D

i
-
1

by adding or removing one vertex for every $$i\in \{ 1,\ldots ,\ell \}$$

i
∈
{
1
,
…
,
ℓ
}

. We prove that there is some positive constant c and there are toroidal graphs G of arbitrarily large order n, and two minimum dominating sets D and $$D'$$

D
′

in G such that Dk-transforms to $$D'$$

D
′

only if $$k\ge \max \{ |D|,|D'|\}+c\sqrt{n}$$

k
≥

max
{
|
D
|
,
|

D
′

|
}

+
c

n

. Conversely, for every hereditary class $$\mathcal{G}$$
G
that has balanced separators of order $$n\mapsto n^\alpha $$

n
↦

n
α

for some $$\alpha <1$$

α
<
1

, we prove that there is some positive constant C such that, if G is a graph in $$\mathcal{G}$$
G
of order n, and D and $$D'$$

D
′

are two dominating sets in G, then Dk-transforms to $$D'$$

D
′

for $$k=\max \{ |D|,|D'|\}+\lfloor Cn^\alpha \rfloor $$

k
=

max
{
|
D
|
,
|

D
′

|
}

+

⌊
C

n
α

⌋

.
Analysis of the subcapital two-part humerus fracture by fluoroscopy: objective criteria for classification and decision making
Authors: Bless Nicolas , Keller Nicola , Steinitz Amir , Klein Thibaut , Rikli Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical decision making in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHFx) is primarily based on fracture classification using standard radiographs. Due to the lack of objective criteria, this classification process is associated with high interobserver variation. In this study, we investigate the fluoroscopic analysis of humerus fractures through the surgical neck using a semi-quantitative determination of distinct angulation patterns of the proximal humerus as they appear in the image intensifier.

Methods
Using a saw bone model, defined subcapital 2-part fracture configurations were generated and assessed radiographically. Anatomical landmarks—including the greater and lesser tuberosity as well as anatomical neck—were identified using an image converter, and the exact degree of fracture displacement with 10° up to 70° (in 10° increments) of posterior, varus or combined posterior-varus angulation was compared to nondisplaced controls. From the resultant series of radiographs, the appearance of these angulations in anteroposterior (AP) and scapular Y-views were also visualized and defined.

Results
An angulation of 50° or more of any given 2-part fracture through the surgical neck is present when the greater tuberosity becomes the most proximal point in AP view (varus and combined posterior-varus angulation) or a bimodal form is found for the superior contour of the head with the lesser tuberosity being the most proximal point in the Y-view (posterior angulation).

Conclusion
The radiological appearance of various PHFx constellations can be well visualized using the saw bone shoulder model. The presence of angulation in accordance with the Neer classification for group III fractures can be adequately determined by analyzing the relative position of the greater or lesser tuberosity to the humeral head calotte. This can assist the surgeon’s decision on whether to operate or opt for a conservative approach.

Level of evidence
Basic Science, Anatomy Study, Imaging.
Plant and soil nitrogen in oligotrophic boreal forest habitats with varying moss depths: does exclusion of large grazers matter?
Authors: Väisänen Maria , Tuomi Maria , Bailey Hannah , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe boreal forest consists of drier sunlit and moister-shaded habitats with varying moss abundance. Mosses control vascular plant–soil interactions, yet they all can also be altered by grazers. We determined how 2 decades of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) exclusion affect feather moss (Pleurozium schreberi) depth, and the accompanying soil N dynamics (total and dissolvable inorganic N, δ15N), plant foliar N, and stable isotopes (δ15N, δ13C) in two contrasting habitats of an oligotrophic Scots pine forest. The study species were pine seedling (Pinus sylvestris L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), and feather moss. Moss carpet was deeper in shaded than sunlit habitats and increased with grazer exclusion. Humus N content increased in the shade as did humus δ15N, which also increased due to exclusion in the sunlit habitats. Exclusion increased inorganic N concentration in the mineral soil. These soil responses were correlated with moss depth. Foliar chemistry varied due to habitat depending on species identity. Pine seedlings showed higher foliar N content and lower foliar δ15N in the shaded than in the sunlit habitats, while bilberry had both higher foliar N and δ15N in the shade. Thus, foliar δ15N values of co-existing species diverged in the shade indicating enhanced N partitioning. We conclude that despite strong grazing-induced shifts in mosses and subtler shifts in soil N, the N dynamics of vascular vegetation remain unchanged. These indicate that plant–soil interactions are resistant to shifts in grazing intensity, a pattern that appears to be common across boreal oligotrophic forests.
Endoscopic techniques to reduce recurrence rates after colorectal EMR: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kemper Gijs , Turan Ayla S. , Schoon Erik J. , Schrauwen Ruud W. M. , Epping Ludger S. M. , Gerges Christian , Beyna Torsten , Neuhaus Horst , Gündug Ufuk , Siersema Peter D. , van Geenen Erwin J. M. ,   the ENDOCARE Study Group
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive treatment for large lateral spreading and sessile polyps. The reported high recurrence rate of approximately 20% is however one of the major drawbacks. Several endoscopic interventions have been suggested to reduce recurrence rates. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of endoscopic interventions targeting the EMR margin to reduce recurrence rates.

Methods
We searched in PubMed and Ovid for studies comparing recurrence rates after interventions targeting the EMR margin with standard EMR. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate at the first surveillance colonoscopy (SC1) assessed histologically or macroscopically. For the meta-analysis, risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and pooled using a random effects model. The secondary outcome was post-procedural complication rates.

Results
Six studies with a total of 1335 lesions were included in the meta-analysis. The techniques performed in the intervention group targeting the resection margin were argon plasma coagulation, snare tip soft coagulation, extended EMR, and precutting EMR. The interventions reduced the adenoma recurrence rate with more than 50%, resulting in a pooled RR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.18, 0.76) comparing the intervention group with the control groups. Overall post-procedural complication rates did not increase significantly in the intervention arm (RR 1.30; 95% CI 0.65, 2.58).

Conclusion
Interventions targeting the EMR margin decrease recurrence rates and may not result in more complications.
Evaluating the Efficiency of a New Cutterhead Design to Counteract the Drawbacks of Excavation through Very Hard Rocks
Authors: Narimani Dehnavi Roohollah , Sadeghi Masoud , Sifferlinger Nikolaus August , Hasanpour Rohola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe application of appropriate excavation equipment in difficult grounds is of crucial importance and consequently improves the performance of hard rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs). The cutterhead is one of the main components of TBMs which is directly involved in the excavation process, and its design can highly affect the cutting efficiency, the overall balance of the head, the performance of main bearing in long term, and the wear of the whole cutting face and muck buckets. This paper mainly focuses on the significant role of a proper design on the cutting efficiency with reference to a TBM tunneling project. Due to existence of very hard and abrasive rocks on the path of Kerman water conveyance tunnel, a new cutterhead was designed to be applied on a second hand TBM. The new cutterhead contains larger 19-inch disc cutters with a new disc cutter layout. Since the new cutterhead was launched following the excavation of the old one in a specific chainage of the tunnel, the performance of the two cutterheads in pyroclastic rocks could be compared with respect to the cutting efficiency, and lower specific energy values were observed for the new cutterhead which is the indicator of a better cutting efficiency in this geological condition.
Tidy Tuples and Flying Start: fast compilation and fast execution of relational queries in Umbra
Authors: Kersten Timo , Leis Viktor , Neumann Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough compiling queries to efficient machine code has become a common approach for query execution, a number of newly created database system projects still refrain from using compilation. It is sometimes claimed that the intricacies of code generation make compilation-based engines too complex. Also, a major barrier for adoption, especially for interactive ad hoc queries, is long compilation time. In this paper, we examine all stages of compiling query execution engines and show how to reduce compilation overhead. We incorporate the lessons learned from a decade of generating code in HyPer into a design that manages complexity and yields high speed. First, we introduce a code generation framework that establishes abstractions to manage complexity, yet generates code in a single fast pass. Second, we present a program representation whose data structures are tuned to support fast code generation and compilation. Third, we introduce a new compiler backend that is optimized for minimal compile time, and simultaneously, yields superior execution performance to competing approaches, e.g., Volcano-style or bytecode interpretation. We implemented these optimizations in our database system Umbra to show that it is possible to unite fast compilation and fast execution. Indeed, Umbra achieves unprecedentedly low query latencies. On small data sets, it is even faster than interpreter engines like DuckDB and PostgreSQL. At the same time, on large data sets, its throughput is on par with the state-of-the-art compiling system HyPer.
Learning in a double-phase cobweb model
Authors: Cavalli Fausto , Naimzada Ahmad , Parisio Lucia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a class of markets, among which we can mention agricultural and energy markets, characterized by seasonality, i.e., in which demand and/or supply conditions cyclically alternate with a precise and known periodicity. We propose a new theoretical framework based on a cobweb model with adaptive expectations, accordingly modified to be consistent with market’s seasonality. The model, consisting in a second-order non-autonomous difference equation, is investigated with the aim of understanding how the periodical nature of the market together with the agents’ expectation formation mechanism affects the resulting dynamics. We analytically prove the emergence of dynamical scenarios that are missing in the classic cobweb model for non-seasonal markets, such as quasi-periodic dynamics and an ambiguous role on stability of the expectation weight. Finally, we discuss their economic rationale with the help of numerical simulations. In such a peculiar economic framework, agents’ learning plays a key role to explain the dynamical properties of economic observables.
Feral rabbit populations in a peri-urban area: insights about invasion dynamics and potential management strategies
Authors: Sogliani Davide , Cerri Jacopo , Turetta Ramj , Crema Massimo , Corsini Michela , Mori Emiliano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhere introduced, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus is considered among the most destructive and invasive species. To date, research focused mostly on populations of wild rabbit, whereas little is known on feral domestic rabbit populations. In this work, we reported the establishment of two self-sustaining populations of feral rabbits in Italy. Direct observations were conducted to assess rabbit range expansion and population increase over time. We also evaluated prey-predator interactions between rabbits and native red foxes Vulpes vulpes, by means of camera trapping and the analysis of fox scats. Moreover, we also assessed the social perception towards feral rabbits and the acceptability of various management options through the administration of a structured questionnaire to park visitors. Rabbit populations increased between 2018 and 2019, as well as the size of the invaded range. Rabbits are predated by foxes, but they seem to have adapted their activity rhythms to minimize the risk of predation, becoming diurnal. Park visitors loved rabbits and deemed them to be a positive presence in the park, which deserve to live there. Surgical sterilization of rabbits was the only management option which was partially supported. Feral domestic rabbits, albeit a neglected species in invasion biology, can become extremely successful invaders of urban green areas: in < 5 years, rabbits were able to colonize our study area and become a food resource for native predators and also an iconic species. These three points raise concerns about the potential impacts of invasive feral rabbits in European urban green areas and call for further research in this direction.
Early warning of systemic risk in global banking: eigen-pair R number for financial contagion and market price-based methods
Authors: Markose Sheri , Giansante Simone , Eterovic Nicolas A. , Gatkowski Mateusz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyse systemic risk in the core global banking system using a new network-based spectral eigen-pair method, which treats network failure as a dynamical system stability problem. This is compared with market price-based Systemic Risk Indexes (SRIs), viz. Marginal Expected Shortfall (MES), Delta Conditional Value-at-Risk (Delta-CoVaR), and Conditional Capital Shortfall Measure of Systemic Risk (SRISK) in a cross-border setting. Unlike paradoxical market price based risk measures, which underestimate risk during periods of asset price booms, the eigen-pair method based on bilateral balance sheet data gives early-warning of instability in terms of the tipping point that is analogous to the R number in epidemic models. For this regulatory capital thresholds are used. Furthermore, network centrality measures identify systemically important and vulnerable banking systems. Market price-based SRIs are contemporaneous with the crisis and they are found to covary with risk measures like VaR and betas.
Genome-Wide Linkage Study Meta-Analysis of Male Sexual Orientation
Authors: Sanders Alan R. , Beecham Gary W. , Guo Shengru , Badner Judith A. , Bocklandt Sven , Mustanski Brian S. , Hamer Dean H. , Martin Eden R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMale sexual orientation is a scientifically and socially important trait shown by family and twin studies to be influenced by environmental and complex genetic factors. Individual genome-wide linkage studies (GWLS) have been conducted, but not jointly analyzed. Two main datasets account for > 90% of the published GWLS concordant sibling pairs on the trait and are jointly analyzed here: MGSOSO (Molecular Genetic Study of Sexual Orientation; 409 concordant sibling pairs in 384 families, Sanders et al. (2015)) and Hamer (155 concordant sibling pairs in 145 families, Mustanski et al. (2005)). We conducted multipoint linkage analyses with Merlin on the datasets separately since they were genotyped differently, integrated genetic marker positions, and combined the resultant LOD (logarithm of the odds) scores at each 1 cM grid position. We continue to find the strongest linkage support at pericentromeric chromosome 8 and chromosome Xq28. We also incorporated the remaining published GWLS dataset (on 55 families) by using meta-analytic approaches on published summary statistics. The meta-analysis has maximized the positional information from GWLS of currently available family resources and can help prioritize findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other approaches. Although increasing evidence highlights genetic contributions to male sexual orientation, our current understanding of contributory loci is still limited, consistent with the complexity of the trait. Further increasing genetic knowledge about male sexual orientation, especially via large GWAS, should help advance our understanding of the biology of this important trait.