bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐related adverse events in Korea: A nationwide assessment
Authors: Jang Dong Kee , Kim Jungmee , Paik Chang Nyol , Kim Jung‐Wook , Lee Tae Hee , Jang Jae‐Young , Yoon Seung Bae , Lee Jun Kyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a pivotal procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of pancreatobiliary diseases, it has been known that the risk of procedure‐related adverse events (AEs) is significant.ObjectiveWe conducted this nationwide cohort study since there have been few reports on the real‐world data regarding ERCP‐related AEs.MethodsPatients who underwent ERCP were identified between 2012 and 2015 using Health Insurance Review and Assessment database generated by the Korea government. Incidence, annual trends, demographics, characteristics according to the types of procedures, and the risk factors of AEs were assessed.ResultsA total of 114,757 patients with male gender of 54.2% and the mean age of 65.0 ± 15.2 years were included. The most common indication was choledocholithiasis (49.4%) and the second malignant biliary obstruction (22.8%). Biliary drainage (33.9%) was the most commonly performed procedure, followed by endoscopic sphincterotomy (27.4%), and stone removal (22.0%). The overall incidence of ERCP‐related AEs was 4.7% consisting of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP; 4.6%), perforation (0.06%), and hemorrhage (0.02%), which gradually increased from 2012 to 2015. According to the type of procedures, ERCP‐related AEs developed the most commonly after pancreatic stent insertion (11.4%), followed by diagnostic ERCP (5.9%) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (5.7%). Younger age and diagnostic ERCP turned out to be independent risk factors of PEP.ConclusionsERCP‐related AEs developed the most commonly after pancreatic stent insertion, diagnostic ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy. Special caution should be used for young patients receiving diagnostic ERCP due to increased risk of PEP.
Serological and molecular survey of tick‐borne zoonotic pathogens including severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in wild boars in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kirino Yumi , Yamamoto Seigo , Nomachi Taro , Mai Thi Ngan , Sato Yukiko , Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Norimine Junzo , Fujii Yoshinori , Ando Shuji , Okabayashi Tamaki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMiyazaki Prefecture is one of the hotspots of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) cases and related deaths in Japan since 2013 and other pathogens of tick‐borne diseases (TBDs). Japanese spotted fever and scrub typhus are also endemic in this region.ObjectivesA total of 105 wild boars, hunted in 2009, were serologically examined as sentinels for TBDs to indirectly demonstrate the potential hazard of ticks transmitting pathogens to humans in the studied area.MethodsThe collected blood and spleens of the wild boars underwent serological and molecular tests for SFTSV, Rickettsia japonica (Rj) [antibody to spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) were tested by using species‐common antigen], and Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot).ResultsSeroprevalences of SFTSV, SFGR, and Ot were 41.9%, 29.5%, and 33.3%, respectively. SFTS viral RNA was identified in 7.6% of the sera, whereas DNA of Rj or Ot was not detected in any sample. In total, 43.8% of the boars possessed an infection history with SFTSV (viral gene and/or antibody). Of these, 23.8% had multiple‐infection history with SFGR and/or Ot.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of SFTSV in wild boars might reflect the high risk of exposure to the virus in the studied areas. In addition, SFTSV infection was significantly correlated with Ot infection, and so were SFGR infection and Ot infection, indicating that these pathogens have common factors for infection or transmission. These data caution of the higher risk of SFTSV infection in areas with reported cases of other TBDs.
Hormonal implant‐associated soft tissue sarcoma in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Hollwarth Ashton J. , Froelich Fiona , Stidworthy Mark F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old entire female domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a rapidly growing soft tissue mass between the scapulae. The mass was surgically removed and several parts of a previously placed deslorelin acetate hormonal implant were identified within the growth. Histopathological examination revealed an implant‐associated spindle cell sarcoma with a number of histological features similar to those identified in feline injection‐site sarcoma and microchip‐associated sarcomas, such as poorly differentiated spindle cells, areas of necrosis, pleomorphic elongated nuclei with a high mitotic rate and atypical mitoses. This is the first report of a soft tissue sarcoma apparently associated with a hormonal implant.
Effective Field Theory for the perturbations of a slowly rotating black hole
Authors: Hui Lam , Podo Alessandro , Santoni Luca , Trincherini Enrico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We develop the effective theory for perturbations around black holes with scalar hair, in two directions. First, we show that the scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory, often used as an example exhibiting scalar black hole hair, can be deformed by galileon operators leading to order unity changes to its predictions. The effective theory for perturbations thus provides an efficient framework for describing and constraining broad classes of scalar-tensor theories, of which the addition of galileon operators is an example. Second, we extend the effective theory to perturbations around an axisymmetric, slowly rotating black hole, at linear order in the black hole spin. We also discuss the inclusion of parity-breaking operators in the effective theory.
Note on the bundle geometry of field space, variational connections, the dressing field method, & presymplectic structures of gauge theories over bounded regions
Authors: François J. , Parrini N. , Boulanger N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this note, we consider how the bundle geometry of field space interplays with the covariant phase space methods so as to allow to write results of some generality on the presymplectic structure of invariant gauge theories coupled to matter. We obtain in particular the generic form of Noether charges associated with field-independent and field-dependent gauge parameters, as well as their Poisson bracket. We also provide the general field-dependent gauge transformations of the presymplectic potential and 2-form, which clearly highlights the problem posed by boundaries in generic situations. We then conduct a comparative analysis of two strategies recently considered to evade the boundary problem and associate a modified symplectic structure to a gauge theory over a bounded region: namely the use of edge modes on the one hand, and of variational connections on the other. To do so, we first try to give the clearest geometric account of both, showing in particular that edge modes are a special case of a differential geometric tool of gauge symmetry reduction known as the “dressing field method”. Applications to Yang-Mills theory and General Relativity reproduce or generalise several results of the recent literature.
Suizide in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der amtlichen Todesursachenstatistik
Authors: Schelhase Torsten 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Todesursachenstatistik ist die elementare Basis zur Ermittlung von wichtigen Indikatoren wie Sterbeziffern, verlorenen Lebensjahren und vermeidbaren Sterbefällen sowie deren Veränderungen im Laufe der Zeit. Ihre Ergebnisse fließen in die epidemiologische und medizinische Forschung ein und geben wichtige Hinweise für notwendige Präventionsprogramme und die Gesundheitspolitik im Allgemeinen.In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst ein Überblick über die Historie, die Rechtsgrundlage und die Methodik der Todesursachenstatistik gegeben. Daran schließt die Darstellung der Daten zu Suiziden in Deutschland mit Schwerpunkt auf das Jahr 2019 an. Diese werden in Abhängigkeit von den Merkmalen Alter, Geschlecht, Region und Methode abgebildet. Vergleiche mit älteren vorliegenden Daten seit 1980 werden herangezogen. In einem Ausblick auf die Weiterentwicklung der Todesursachenstatistik werden die Gründe für aktuelle Schwachstellen im Ablauf der Datenerhebung und Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt.
The degeneration formula for stable log maps
Authors: Kim Bumsig , Lho Hyenho , Ruddat Helge 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe give a direct proof for the degeneration formula of Gromov–Witten invariants including its cycle version for degenerations with smooth singular locus in the setting of stable log maps of Abramovich-Chen, Chen, Gross–Siebert.
Population specific annual cycles and migration strategies in a leap-frog migrant
Authors: Hedh Linus , Dänhardt Juliana , Hedenström Anders 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A common migratory pattern in birds is that northerly breeding populations migrate to more southerly non-breeding sites compared to southerly breeding populations (leap-frog migration). Not only do populations experience differences in migration distances, but also different environmental conditions, which may vary spatiotemporally within their annual cycles, creating distinctive selective pressures and migratory strategies. Information about such adaptations is important to understand migratory drivers and evolution of migration patterns. We use light-level geolocators and citizen science data on regional spring arrivals to compare two populations of common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula breeding at different latitudes. We (1) describe and characterize the annual cycles and (2) test predictions regarding speed and timing of migration. The northern breeding population (NBP) wintered in Africa and the southern (SBP) mainly in Europe. The annual cycles were shifted temporally so that the NBP was always later in all stages. The SBP spent more than twice as long time in the breeding area, but there was no difference in winter. The NBP spent more time on migration in general. Spring migration speed was lower in the SBP compared to autumn speed of both populations, and there was no difference in autumn and spring speed in the NBP. We also found a larger variation in spring arrival times across years in the SBP. This suggests that a complex interaction of population specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season, and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory strategies.

Significance statement
Migration distance, climate, and the resulting composition of the annual cycle are expected to influence migration strategies and timing in birds. Testing theories regarding migration behaviours are challenging, and intraspecific comparisons over the full annual cycle are still rare. Here we compare the spatiotemporal distributions of two latitudinally separated populations of common ringed plovers using light-level geolocators. We found that there was a larger long-term variation in first arrival dates and that migration speed was slower only in spring in a temperate, short-distance migratory population, compared to an Arctic, long-distance migratory population. This suggests that a complex interaction of population specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory behaviours.
The inter-individual anatomical variation of the trochlear notch as a predisposition for simple elbow dislocation
Authors: Kilgus Sofia , Eder Christian , Siegert Paul , Moroder Philipp , Zimmermann Elke , Thiele Kathi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Besides the multi-layered capsule–ligamentous complex of the elbow joint the high bony congruence in the ulnohumeral joint contributes to elbow stability. Therefore, we assume that specific anatomical configurations of the trochlear notch predispose to dislocation. In case of ligamentous elbow dislocation both conservative and surgical treatment is possible without a clear treatment algorithm. Findings of constitutional bony configurations could help deciding for the best treatment option.

Methods
In this retrospective matched-pair analysis we compared MRI imaging from patients sustaining a primary traumatic elbow dislocation (instability group) with patients suffering from chronic lateral epicondylitis (control group), treated between 2009 and 2019. Two independent observers measured different anatomical landmarks of the trochlear notch in a multiplanar reconstructed standardized sagittal trochlear plane (SSTP). Primarily, opening angle and relative depth of the trochlear notch were determined. After adjustment to the proximal ulnar rim in the SSTP, coronoid and olecranon angle, the articular angle as well as the ratio of the tip heights of the trochlear notch were measured.

Results
We compared 34 patients in the instability group (age 48 ± 14 years, f/m 19/15) with 34 patients in the control group (age 47 ± 16 years, f/m 19/15). Instability group showed a significantly larger opening angle (94.1° ± 6.9° vs. 88.5° ± 6.9°, p = 0.0002), olecranon angle (60.9° ± 5.3° vs. 56.1° ± 5.1°, p < 0.0001) and articular angle (24.7° ± 6.4° vs. 22.3° ± 5.8°, p = 0.02) compared to the control group. Measuring the height from the coronoid (ch) and olecranon (oh) tip also revealed a significantly larger tip ratio (tr = ch/oh) in the instability group (2.7 ± 0.8 vs. 2.2 ± 0.5, p < 0.0001). The relative depth (61.0% ± 8.3% vs. 62.7% ± 6.0%, p = 0.21) of the trochlear notch as well as the coronoid angle (32.8° ± 4.5° vs. 31.7° ± 5.2°, p = 0.30) showed no significant difference in the instability group compared to the control group. The interrater reliability of all measurements was between 0.83 and 0.94.

Conclusion
MRI of patients with elbow dislocation show that there seems to be a bony anatomical predisposition. According to the results, it seems reasonable to include predisposing bony factors in the decision-making process when surgical stabilization and conservative treatment is possible. Further biomechanical studies should prove these assumptions to generate critical bony values helping surgeons with decision making.

Level of evidence
III.
Comparative quantification of focal and diffuse visual field loss by the SPARK Precision threshold algorithm and SITA
Authors: Foo S. K. , Cubbidge R. P. , Heitmar R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this paper were to examine focal and diffuse visual field loss in terms of threshold agreement between the widely used SITA Standard Humphrey Field Analyser (HFA) threshold algorithm with the SPARK Precision algorithm (Oculus Twinfield 2).

Methods
A total of 39 treated glaucoma patients (34 primary open angle and 5 primary angle closure glaucoma) and 31 cataract patients without glaucoma were tested in succession with the Oculus Twinfield 2 (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) using the SPARK Precision algorithm and with the HFA 3 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) using the 30–2 SITA Standard algorithm.

Results
SPARK Precision required around half the testing time of SITA Standard. There was a good correlation between the MS of the two threshold algorithms but MD and PSD were significantly less severe with SPARK Precision in both glaucoma (focal field loss) and cataract (diffuse field loss) groups (p < 0.001). There was poor agreement for all global indices (MS, MD and PSD) between the two algorithms and there was a significant proportional bias of MD in the glaucoma group and PSD in both glaucoma and cataract groups. The pointwise sensitivity analysis yielded higher threshold estimates in SPARK Precision than in SITA Standard in the nasal field. Classification of glaucoma severity using AGIS was significantly lower with SPARK Precision compared to SITA Standard (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
SITA renders deeper defects than SPARK. Compared to the SITA Standard threshold algorithm, SPARK Precision cannot quantify early glaucomatous field loss. This may be due to the mathematical linear interpolation of threshold sensitivity or deeper scotomas due to the plateau effect caused by the reduced dynamic range of the Twinfield 2 perimeter. Although not of clinical significance in early glaucoma, the plateau effect may hinder the long-term follow-up of patients during disease progression.
Cardiorespiratory kinetics in exercise physiology: estimates and predictions using randomized changes in work rate
Authors: Hoffmann Uwe , Faber Felix , Drescher Uwe , Koschate Jessica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Kinetics of cardiorespiratory parameters (CRP) in response to work rate (WR) changes are evaluated by pseudo-random binary sequences (PRBS testing). In this study, two algorithms were applied to convert responses from PRBS testing into appropriate impulse responses to predict steady states values and responses to incremental increases in exercise intensity.

Methods
13 individuals (age: 41 ± 9 years, BMI: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg m−2), completing an exercise test protocol, comprising a section of randomized changes of 30 W and 80 W (PRBS), two phases of constant WR at 30 W and 80 W and incremental WR until subjective fatigue, were included in the analysis. Ventilation ($$\dot{V}_{{\text{E}}}$$

V
˙

E

), O2 uptake ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

), CO2 output ($$\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{2}$$

V
˙

CO
2

) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Impulse responses were calculated in the time domain and in the frequency domain from the cross-correlations of WR and the respective CRP.

Results
The algorithm in the time domain allows better prediction for $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

and $$\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{2}$$

V
˙

CO
2

, whereas for $$\dot{V}_{{\text{E}}}$$

V
˙

E

and HR the results were similar for both algorithms. Best predictions were found for $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

and HR with higher (3–4%) 30 W steady states and lower (1–4%) values for 80 W. Tendencies were found in the residuals between predicted and measured data.

Conclusion
The CRP kinetics, resulting from PRBS testing, are qualified to assess steady states within the applied WR range. Below the ventilatory threshold, $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

and HR responses to incrementally increasing exercise intensities can be sufficiently predicted.
Spatio-temporal calibration of Hargreaves–Samani model in the Northern Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ogunrinde Akinwale Temitope , Emmanuel Israel , Enaboifo Mike A. , Ajayi Taiwo Adedayo , Pham Quoc Bao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the significant components of the hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration. Monthly meteorological parameters of 35 years from 19 meteorological stations across the Northern Region of Nigeria (NRN) were obtained and utilized for the calibration of Hargreaves–Samani (HS) model by comparing between potential evapotranspiration (ETo) values estimated from the original HS and the Penman–Monteith (FAO-56 PM) models. The calibrated HS equation was assessed using trend patterns and some statistical indices. The average value of root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) decreased by 37.1 and 40%, respectively, after the calibration of the model. Also, the correlation coefficients (R) of stations that had values > 0.8 increased from 6 to 11 and the minimum R value increased by 12% above that of the original HS equation. The trend and spatial map of the statistical tests conducted also indicate better performance in most climatic regions after calibration. The precision of the HS equation improved significantly after calibration for semi-arid, humid, and sub-humid regions. However, few stations in the semi-arid, humid, and sub-humid regions did not show drastic improvement due to the peculiarity of the location and high variations in the wind speed and relative humidity parameters.
Endoscopic full-thickness dissection (EFTD) in the rectum: a case series
Authors: Rushfeldt C. F. , Nordbø M. , Steigen S. E. , Dehli T. , Gjessing P. , Norderval S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Rectal endoscopic full- thickness dissection (EFTD) using a flexible colonoscope is an alternative to the well-established trans-anal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and the trans-anal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) techniques for resecting dysplastic or malignant rectal lesions. This study evaluated EFTD safety by analyzing outcomes of the first patients to undergo rectal EFTD at the University Hospital of North-Norway.

Methods
The first 10 patients to undergo rectal EFTD at the University Hospital of North-Norway April, 2016 and January, 2021, were included in the study. The procedural indications for EFTD were therapeutic resection of non-lifting adenoma, T1 adenocarcinoma (AC), recurrent neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and re-excision of a T1-2 AC.

Results
EFTD rectal specimen histopathology revealed three ACs, five adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), one NET and one benign lesion. Six procedures had negative lateral and vertical resection margins and in three cases lateral margins could not be evaluated due to piece-meal dissection or heat damaged tissue. Two patients experienced delayed post-procedural hemorrhage, one of whom also presented with a concurrent post-procedural infection. No serious complications occurred.

Conclusion
Preliminary results from this introductory trial indicate that EFTD in the rectum can be conducted with satisfactory perioperative results and low risk of serious complications.
Porous Fe2O3 nanorod-decorated hollow carbon nanofibers for high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Long Zhiwen , Yuan Luhan , Shi Chu , Wu Caiqin , Qiao Hui , Wang Keliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) are considered as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries in comparison with conventional graphite anode. However, TMO anodes suffer severe volume expansion during charge/discharge process. In this respect, a porous Fe2O3nanorod-decorated hollow carbon nanofiber (HNF) anode is designed via a combined electrospinning and hydrothermal method followed by proper annealing. FeOOH/PAN was prepared as precursors and sacrificial templates, and porous hollow Fe2O3@carbon nanofiber (HNF-450) composite is formed at 450 °C in air. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, HNF-450 exhibits outstanding rate performance and cycling stability with a reversible discharge capacity of 1398 mAh g−1after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Specific capacities 1682, 1515, 1293, 987, and 687 mAh g−1of HNF-450 are achieved at multiple current densities of 200, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. When coupled with commercial LiCoO2cathode, the full cell delivered an outstanding initial charge/discharge capacity of 614/437 mAh g−1and stability at different current densities. The improved electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the free space provided by the unique porous hollow structure, which effectively alleviates the volume expansion and facilitates the exposure of more active sites during the lithiation/delithiation process.Graphical abstractPorous Fe2O3nanorod-decorated hollow carbon nanofibers exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycling stability with a high reversible discharge capacity.