bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Frequency in Changing and Using Personal Protective Equipment Among Dental Staff After Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Sim E. B. , Noh H. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was conducted to identify changes in the personal protective equipment (PPE)‐wearing behaviour of dental staff after the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in Korea.MethodsThis study used a self‐administered questionnaire for 257 dental staff (dentists, dental hygienists and other assistants) in regions of Korea. The questionnaire investigated the change in the frequency of wearing of PPE after COVID‐19 (masks, gloves, goggles, face shields and protective clothing), and the PPE change cycle of dental staff compared with that before COVID‐19.ResultsIn the case of masks, if there was an infection control manager, the change in wearing was 4.583(1.658–12.667) times higher. In case of goggles and face shields, those with infection control education experienced a 2.982(1.087–8.178) increase in wearing these. Regarding protective clothing, it was 3.831(1.537–9.553) times higher when there was an infection control manager and it was 3.103(1.481–6.504) times higher when there was a visit to a patient with confirmed COVID‐19.ConclusionsIt is necessary to prepare guidelines for wearing PPE in consideration of the type of infectious disease and the institution's characteristics, to periodically conduct infection control education to maintain this state of alert, and to prepare for personal protection to prevent the spread of new infectious diseases.
Affiliating With Jury: Analysis of Multimodal Graduation in Attorneys’ Closing Arguments
Authors: Cao Huishu , Yuan Chuanyou 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTgraduation, a subsystem of appraisal in the stratum of interpersonal discourse in systemic functional linguistics (SFL), functions to modulate meaning by degree. It emerges as a powerful linguistic tool for attorneys to establish rapport with their audience, especially with the jury during closing arguments. This research draws upon five criminal cases related to police violence in law enforcement in the United States, employing an integrated qualitative and quantitative analysis approach to explore how both attorneys utilize multimodal graduation through the integration of verbal, vocal, and visual conduct to affiliate with the jury. The findings reveal that attorneys utilize graduation, co‐instantiating with attitude and coupling with other semiotic resources such as voice and gesture, to amplify negative attitudes toward the opposing party and positive attitudes toward their own stance. This strategic use of multimodal graduation influences the enactment of the social relations with the jury who hold the authority to determine guilt in a case. The significance of this study lies in its potential to advance the understanding of legal advocacy strategies in institutional discourse, particularly in cases involving police violence.
Factors Influencing University Students' Behavioural Intention to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence for Educational Purposes Based on a Revised UTAUT2 Model
Authors: Tang Xin , Yuan Zhiqiang , Qu Shaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenerative artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant technological leap, with platforms like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Baidu's Ernie Bot at the forefront of innovation. This technology has seen widespread adoption across various sectors of society and is anticipated to revolutionise the educational landscape, especially in the domain of tertiary education. However, there is a gap in understanding factors influencing university students' behavioural intention to use generative AI, leading to hesitation in its adoption.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence university students' behavioural intention to engage with and utilise generative AI. The study sought to delve into the fundamental reasons and obstacles that university students encounter when contemplating the adoption of this technology for their academic endeavours.MethodsThe study used a quantitative research design, utilising a revised version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. Data were collected from a sample of 380 university students in Changsha, the capital city of Hunan in China. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was used to analyse the relationships between the variables of the model, which included performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), learning value, habit and behavioural intention.ResultsThe analysis revealed that PE and EE have a direct impact on learning value. Additionally, SI and FC were found to directly affect the formation of habit. Among these factors, learning value emerged as the most potent predictor of university students' behavioural intention to use generative AI. Habit also demonstrated a significant, albeit smaller, effect on behavioural intention.ConclusionsThe study's findings underscore the importance of learning value in driving the adoption of generative AI among university students. Efforts to enhance the learning value of generative AI could significantly increase its uptake in higher education. Furthermore, the role of habit, while less pronounced, suggests that consistent exposure and use can foster a greater inclination towards generative AI. These insights provide a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at improving the integration and application of generative AI within educational settings. Stakeholders, including educators, policymakers and designers of generative AI, can leverage these findings to create an environment conducive to the adoption and effective use of generative AI in higher education.
Market Response to Court Rejection of California's Board Diversity Laws
Authors: Klick Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCalifornia mandated that firms headquartered in the state include women (SB 826) and underrepresented minorities (AB 979) on their corporate boards. These laws, passed in 2018 and 2020 respectively, were held to violate the state's constitution by judges on the Los Angeles County Superior Court in 2022. This paper examines the market reaction to these surprising court decisions, finding that California firms appreciated significantly on the days of the rulings, and there is evidence that firms that were not in compliance with the laws exhibited larger abnormal returns than firms that were in compliance.
Plea Bargaining Procedures Worldwide: Drivers of Introduction and Use
Authors: Paolini Gabriele , Kantorowicz‐Reznichenko Elena , Voigt Stefan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOver the last three decades, plea bargaining has been adopted by many jurisdictions worldwide. However, a comprehensive account of both its adoption as well as its use is still missing. We survey 174 jurisdictions, finding that 101 allow plea‐bargaining. For 52 jurisdictions, we also compute plea‐bargaining rates, as the percentage of convictions imposed through plea bargaining over all criminal convictions. Relying on this novel dataset, we find that Muslim‐majority populations and the French and Scandinavian legal origins are associated with lower probabilities of formalizing plea bargaining, while democracies are associated with higher probabilities. The Spanish and Socialist legal origins, a looser regulation of the procedure, and jury trials are associated with higher plea‐bargaining rates, while higher income levels correlate with higher plea‐bargaining rates only up to a certain point.
Narrowing the “Digital Divide”: The Role of Fixed and Mobile Infrastructure
Authors: Hawthorne Ryan , Grzybowski Lukasz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe study the substitution between fixed and mobile broadband services in South Africa using survey data on 134,000 individuals collected between 2009 and 2014. In our discrete‐choice model, individuals choose fixed or mobile voice and data services in a framework that allows these services to be considered substitutes or complements. We find that there is substantial heterogeneity in the perception of these services as substitutes/complements. We use our model to simulate the uptake of fixed and mobile broadband across various demographic groups under different policy interventions, including (i) a reduction in mobile data prices, (ii) an expansion in fixed‐line coverage, (iii) a widespread distribution of computers, and (iv) broader Internet access in schools and workplaces. Our results suggest that, when applied in isolation, these interventions do not significantly increase Internet access among poorer households. In particular, the uptake of fixed broadband would remain limited, even if accessible to all households. This is because many households prefer mobile Internet access, perceiving it as a substitute for fixed broadband.
Perceived financial incentive salience and its undermining effect: A moderated‐mediation model
Authors: Saini Manish , Uppal Nishant , Howard Joshua L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow incentives are perceived by a receiver can determine how they affect their autonomy and intrinsic motivation. Guided by self‐determination theory, we investigate the relationship between perceived financial incentive salience (PFIS) and change in intrinsic motivation by focusing on the mediating role of autonomy frustration and the moderating role of task heuristic. To test this model, we utilize a repeated‐measure two‐wave design in two field studies (n = 169 and 341) under a non‐contingent versus contingent pay system. The findings demonstrated that perceived salience is a key determinant behind the undermining effect caused by financial incentives, independently of incentive contingency. In addition, task heuristic and autonomy frustration are crucial factors in understanding the nuances behind the undermining effect. Under both types of incentive systems (a) PFIS had a positive association with autonomy frustration, and (b) PFIS and autonomy frustration both related negatively to intrinsic motivation in high‐heuristic tasks. However, the autonomy frustration‐intrinsic motivation relationship and PFIS‐intrinsic motivation relationship had considerable differences in low‐heuristic tasks among non‐contingent versus contingent systems. We discuss the implications of the findings for future research on incentive salience and work motivation.
Leukoreduction in a dog with acute leukemia
Authors: Hanratty Brenna , Hauck Anna , Foskett Amanda , Foster J. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 9‐year‐old male castrated golden retriever cross was evaluated for an acute onset of ataxia. A complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis was characterized by marked lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutropenia, and eosinopenia. Flow cytometry identified CD34+ leukocytosis with cells that did not express lineage antigens, suggesting the most likely diagnosis of either acute lymphoid or myeloid leukemia. Leukoreduction via leukapheresis was elected to reduce the disease burden before initiating chemotherapy. Postleukoreduction, the dog had a 54% decrease in their white blood cell count. The dog completed multiple weeks of traditional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP)‐based treatment and had a survival time of 43 days before the owner elected humane euthanasia. To our knowledge, this report represents a case of acute leukemia in a dog treated with leukoreduction before starting chemotherapy.
Beneficial microorganisms: Regulating growth and defense for plant welfare
Authors: Liu Yan , Shi Aiqin , Chen Yue , Xu Zhihui , Liu Yongxin , Yao Yanlai , Wang Yiming , Jia Baolei 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBeneficial microorganisms (BMs) promote plant growth and enhance stress resistance. This review summarizes how BMs induce growth promotion by improving nutrient uptake, producing growth‐promoting hormones and stimulating root development. How BMs enhance disease resistance and help protect plants from abiotic stresses has also been explored. Growth‐defense trade‐offs are known to affect the ability of plants to survive under unfavourable conditions. This review discusses studies demonstrating that BMs regulate growth‐defense trade‐offs through microbe‐associated molecular patterns and multiple pathways, including the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase pathway, abscisic acid signalling pathway and specific transcriptional factor regulation. This multifaceted relationship underscores the significance of BMs in sustainable agriculture. Finally, the need for integration of artificial intelligence to revolutionize biofertilizer research has been highlighted. This review also elucidates the cutting‐edge advancements and potential of plant‐microbe synergistic microbial agents.
Importance of Timing of Dark Acclimation for Estimating Light Inhibition of Leaf Respiratory CO2 Efflux
Authors: Bruhn Dan , Griffin Kevin L. , Møller Ian M. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY STATEMENTThe degree of inhibition of leaf respiration by light is often studied, but the methods used and the results obtained are variable. We suggest that in the future daytime leaf respiration is measured 3 min after dark acclimation to avoid under‐estimating the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration. This will most likely speed up future surveys and perhaps also result in less inter‐study variation in the calculated degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration.
What is the normative added value of deliberative mini publics in the context of climate policy making?
Authors: Walkenhorst Janina , Schuppert Fabian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on the normative value(s) of deliberative mini publics (DMPs) in climate policy‐making. We discuss different conceptions of the objectives of DMPs, such as increasing democratic legitimacy, effectiveness, and social acceptance. Following, we critically assess the plausibility of each conception and argue why meaningful and independent participation is crucial for increasing democratic legitimacy. We also show that even if the instrumental perspective of climate policy effectiveness seems necessary against the background of the advancing climate crisis, it cannot be produced through deliberative formats without central democratic principles being ignored. Furthermore, we highlight that social acceptance as a primary objective is highly problematic because it threatens to lead to manipulation and sham participation.
MsMYB206–MsMYB450–MsHY5 complex regulates alfalfa tolerance to salt stress via regulating flavonoid biosynthesis during the day and night cycles
Authors: Su Liantai , Lv Aimin , Wen Wuwu , Fan Nana , You Xiangkai , Gao Li , Zhou Peng , Shi Fengling , An Yuan 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYFlavonoids are the major secondary metabolites participating in many biological processes of plants. Although flavonoid biosynthesis has been extensively studied, its regulatory mechanisms during the day and night cycles remain poorly understood. In this study, three proteins, MsMYB206, MsMYB450, and MsHY5, were found to interact with each other, in which MsMYB206 directly transactivated two flavonoid biosynthetic genes, MsFLS and MsF3′H. The expression patterns of MsMYB206, MsMYB450, MsFLS, and MsF3′H were fully consistent at regular intervals across day/night cycles that were higher at night than in the daytime. On the contrary, both gene expression levels and protein contents of MsHY5 increased in the daytime but decreased at night, and the lower expression of MsHY5 at night led to strengthened interaction between MsMYB206 and MsMYB450. The MsMYB206‐overexpression plants were more salt‐tolerant and their flavonoid contents were higher than the WT during the day/night cycles. This study revealed one mechanism interpreting the fluctuating flavonoid contents during day/night cycles regulated by the MsMYB206/MsMYB450/MsHY5‐MsFLS/MsF3′H module that also contributed to salt tolerance in alfalfa.
Establishment of a risk prediction model for peripherally inserted central catheter‐related bloodstream infections based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 20 cohorts
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Hongjuan , Chen Lin , Mu Xinping , Li Junying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are commonly used for extended intravenous therapy but are associated with a significant risk of bloodstream infections (BSIs), which increase morbidity and healthcare costs.AimThe aim of this study was to identify patients at high risk of developing PICC‐related bloodstream infections (PICC‐RBSIs) to establish new and more specific targets for precise prevention and intervention.MethodsA search was conducted from the earliest available record to May 2024 among the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Hand searching for gray literature and reference lists of included papers was also performed. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Two reviewers screened all the retrieved articles, extracted the data, and critically appraised the studies. Data analysis was performed using RevMan statistical software.ResultsA total of 20 cohort studies involving 51,907 individuals were included in the analysis. The statistically significant risk factors identified were hospital length of stay, line type (tunneled), history of PICC placement, multiple lumens, previous infections, chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, hematological cancers, delays in catheter care, local signs of infection (e.g., localized rashes), previous BSIs, and diabetes mellitus. Due to high heterogeneity among studies regarding previous BSIs, this factor was excluded from the final predictive model, while all other risk factors were included.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis identified risk factors for PICC‐RBSIs and developed a predictive model based on these findings, incorporating 10 risk factors that integrate both patient‐specific and procedural factors.Linking Evidence to ActionIntegrating the risk prediction model for PICC‐RBSI into clinical guidelines and training is essential. Healthcare providers should be trained to use this model to identify high‐risk patients and implement preventive measures proactively. This integration could enhance personalized care, reduce infection incidence, and improve patient outcomes. Future research should update the model with new risk factors and validate its effectiveness in diverse clinical settings.
Multiple solutions with sign information for double‐phase problems with unbalanced growth
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Zhang Wen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider a double‐phase Dirichlet problem with unbalanced growth and a reaction term which is ‐sublinear and has partial interaction with the first eigenvalue of the weighted differential operator (nonuniform nonresonance). Using the Nehari method, we show that the problem has at least three nontrivial bounded solutions, positive, negative and nodal (sign‐changing). This paper extends and complements the main results in the recent paper Papageorgiou–Pudelko–Rădulescu (Math. Annalen 385 (2023) 1707–1745).
Regulation of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity by glial signalling in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cai Yimei , Wang Tingting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia among the elderly, affects numerous individuals worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the molecular underpinnings of AD pathology, effective treatments to prevent or cure the disease remain elusive. AD is characterized not only by pathological hallmarks such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles but also by impairments in synaptic physiology, circuit activity and cognitive function. Synaptic homeostatic plasticity plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of synaptic and neural functions amid genetic and environmental disturbances. A key component of this regulation is presynaptic homeostatic potentiation, where increased presynaptic neurotransmitter release compensates for reduced postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality, thereby stabilizing neuronal excitability. The role of presynaptic homeostatic plasticity in synapse stabilization in AD, however, remains unclear. Moreover, recent advances in transcriptomics have illuminated the complex roles of glial cells in regulating synaptic function in ageing brains and in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the impact of AD‐related abnormalities in glial signalling on synaptic homeostatic plasticity has not been fully delineated. This review discusses recent findings on how glial dysregulation in AD affects presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. There is increasing evidence that disrupted glial signalling, particularly through aberrant histone acetylation and transcriptomic changes in glia, compromises this plasticity in AD. Notably, the sphingosine signalling pathway has been identified as being protective in stabilizing synaptic physiology through epigenetic and homeostatic mechanisms, presenting potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Friction Performance of Three-Dimension Printed PEEK for Journal Bearing Application Under Grease Lubrication
Authors: Prajapati Sunil Kumar , Gnanamoorthy Rajappa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing revolutionizes component and part creation, offering unmatched flexibility and reducing production time. This innovation, especially significant with semicrystalline polymers like polyetheretherketone (PEEK) at high temperatures, expands applications, including sleeves and bushes. PEEK's mechanical and tribological properties make it an attractive long-term metal replacement. However, the 3D printed PEEK surface is pivotal, and the surface structure depends on infill density, which influences its response to sliding conditions, such as speed, load, and test duration. The PEEK structure's surface patterns facilitate lubricant accommodation, particularly during boundary lubrication tests, affecting the formation of a transfer layer. Surface properties directly impact friction in 3D printed PEEK against the counterbody. Lubrication decreases friction coefficients compared to dry conditions. Wear tests show that 3D printed PEEK parts outperform extruded rod samples, displaying superior wear resistance. Surface texture and properties directly affect contact characteristics and lubricant storage. In journal bearings, varying infill percentages create surface voids, efficiently accommodating polyalphaolefin (PAO)-based grease in PEEK-based applications where oil is not preferred for sliding operations.
Can the Bubble Surface Tension Affect the Equivalent Viscosity of Bubbly Oil?
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Zhang Chibin , Lin Xiaohui , Li Shaohua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Equivalent viscosity is a basic parameter of the bubbly oil, however, it is a controversy whether or not the bubble surface tension should be taken into account when modeling the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil at high shear rate. In this technical brief, the effect of bubble surface tension on the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil is examined experimentally using the proof by contradiction. The viscosity of bubbly oil is measured using test samples with clearances in series, and the bubble distributions of the bubbly oil before and after tests are observed. The test result shows that at a high shear rate, the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil is not sensitive to the change in the sample clearance, whereas the bubble distribution after test is dependent on the clearance, suggesting that the effect of bubble surface tension can be disregarded for the equivalent viscosity of bubbly oil at high shear rate.