bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic mix of heutagogy and technology: Preparing learners for lifelong learning
Authors: Blaschke Lisa Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the swift pivot to online learning, teachers and students have been forced to adopt a new way of teaching and learning, which has required students to become more self‐directed in their learning. In addition, teachers are faced with the challenge of preparing students for the workforce and lifelong learning. One emerging approach for addressing both these challenges is that of heutagogy, or self‐determined learning. This paper discusses the rising demand for lifelong learning skills and the role that heutagogy can play in supporting students in developing self‐directed and lifelong learning skills. Specifically, the paper presents a case study of a higher education institution that has introduced heutagogy, using interviews with programme leaders/instructors to investigate how a college in Israel incorporated heutagogy into their master's education programmes. Case study results reveal that there are challenges in incorporating heutagogy (eg, difficulty for students in adopting the approach), but once adopted, students preferred learning in a self‐determined way.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic?

Lifelong learning skills are critical to student employability, and there is a need for exploring new theories and approaches for developing these skills.

The current pandemic has forced traditional learning into the online space, requiring more self‐directed learning skills in learners.

Heutagogy has been identified as a net‐centric teaching and learning theory for online learning.

What this paper adds

Positions heutagogy for use in traditional and online classroom settings in order to develop learners' self‐directed and lifelong learning skills.

Explores the pedagogy‐andragogy‐heutagogy continuum and its use as an instructional strategy.

Presents a case study of a higher education institution that has implemented self‐determined learning.

Implications for practice and/or policy

This study encourages further research into use of heutagogy for developing self‐directed and lifelong learning skills.

This study provides guidance for those who want to introduce self‐determined learning into classroom settings.
Translational PK/PD and model‐informed development of JNJ‐67842125, a Fab reversal agent for JNJ‐64179375, a long‐acting thrombin inhibitor
Authors: Ayyar Vivaswath S. , Jaiprasart Pharavee , Geist Brian , Huang Devine Zheng , Case Martin , Hazra Anasuya , Hsu Chyi‐Hung , Chintala Madhu , Wang Weirong 
Published: May 2021

Background and PurposeAntigen‐binding fragment (Fab) reversal agents were developed to reverse, in bleeding emergency, the long‐acting anticoagulant effect of JNJ‐64179375 (JNJ‐9375), a monoclonal antibody that binds exosite‐1 on thrombin.Experimental ApproachThe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) activities of three reversal agents of varying in vitro binding affinities to JNJ‐9375 were characterised in cynomolgus monkeys. The time course of JNJ‐9375 anticoagulant activity and reversal effects of each agent were evaluated. A mechanism‐based PK/PD model, which integrated free serum concentrations of reversal agent, total and free serum concentrations of JNJ‐9375, and thrombin time, was developed to quantitatively relate JNJ‐9375 neutralisation to reversal of induced thrombin time prolongation. Model‐based allometric scale‐up of the lead reversal agent and the PK/PD relationship of JNJ‐9375 in healthy volunteers were utilised to predict clinical dosing regimens.Key ResultsLowering of free JNJ‐9375 by the reversal agents corresponded with reversal of thrombin time prolongation. Total JNJ‐9375 displayed typical mAb clearance at 2.75 ml·day−1·kg−1, whereas reversal agents cleared faster between 1400 and 2400 ml·day−1·kg−1. The model‐estimated in vivo KD values for JNJ‐9375 reversal agents were 9 nM (ICHB‐256), 0.4 nM (ICHB‐281) and 13.7 pM (ICHB‐164), in rank‐ordered agreement of their KD values determined in vitro. The three reversal agents exhibited different neutralisation characteristics in vivo, governed primarily by their binding kinetics to JNJ‐9375. The model predicted a priori free JNJ‐9375 kinetics after dosing ICHB‐164 (JNJ‐67842125) and JNJ‐9375 under a different regimen.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe results enabled selection of JNJ‐67842125 as the reversal agent for JNJ‐9375.
Evolutionary Iterated Local Search meta‐heuristic for the antenna positioning problem in cellular networks
Authors: Benmezal Larbi , Benhamou Belaid , Boughaci Dalila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadio network planning is a core problem in cellular networks. It includes coverage, capacity and parameter planning. This paper investigates the Antenna Positioning Problem (APP) which is a main task in cellular networks planning. The aim is to find a trade‐off between maximizing coverage and minimizing costs. APP is the task of selecting a subset of potential locations where installing the base stations to cover the entire area. In theory, the APP is NP‐hard. To solve it in practice, we propose a new meta‐heuristic called Evolutionary Iterated Local Search that merges the local search method and some evolutionary operations of crossover and mutation. The proposed method is implemented and evaluated on realistic, synthetic and random instances of the problem of different sizes. The numerical results and the comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art show that the proposed method succeeds in finding good results for the considered problem.
Assessing the impact of Queensland's late‐night alcohol restrictions using health system data
Authors: Livingston Michael , Coomber Kerri , de Andrade Dominique , Taylor Nicholas , Ferris Jason , Puljević Cheneal , Miller Peter G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn an attempt to reduce alcohol‐related harm in night‐time entertainment precincts, the Queensland state government (Australia) introduced the Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence strategy in July 2016, including restrictions on late‐night service of alcohol and—later—compulsory ID scanners at venues. In this article, we examined the impact of these changes on emergency department (ED) presentations and hospital admissions for alcohol‐related harm.Design and MethodsWe used data on ED presentations (July 2009–June 2019) and hospital admissions (July 2009–December 2018). Interrupted time series models using seasonal auto‐regressive integrated moving average methods were developed to test the impact of the policy change on presentations for alcohol intoxication, any injury or maxillofacial fractures, and admissions for rates of assault‐related injuries or maxillofacial fractures. Analyses were conducted using state‐wide Queensland data with a sub‐analysis focussing on major Brisbane hospitals.ResultsThe introduction of 3 am last drinks and mandatory ID scanners had no significant impact on most outcome measures, either across the state or within Brisbane. State‐wide, there was a significant decline in ED injury presentations following the introduction of mandatory ID scanners.Discussion and ConclusionsThe introduction of the Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence strategy in Queensland Safe Night Precincts was potentially associated with a small reduction in injury presentations to EDs. The lack of other impacts may relate to the relative lack of specificity in health system data, which challenges in the implementation of the Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence policies or other local factors.
Fire, drought and flooding rains: The effect of climatic extremes on bird species’ responses to time since fire
Authors: Connell Jemima , Hall Mark A. , Nimmo Dale G. , Watson Simon J. , Clarke Michael F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimClimatic extremes and fire affect ecosystems across the globe, yet our understanding of how species are influenced by the interaction of these broadscale ecological drivers is poorly understood. Using a ten‐year dataset, we tested how extreme drought and rainfall interacted with time since fire (TSF) to shape bird species’ distributions.LocationSemi‐arid mallee woodlands of south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe quantified the effects of climatic extremes on bird species’ occurrence, species richness and incidence at 180 sites across three climatic periods—an El Niño‐associated drought (the “Big Dry”), immediately after La Niña drought‐breaking rainfall (“Big Wet”) and three years following the La Niña event (“Post‐Big Wet”). We then compared species’ responses with TSF across the three climatic periods using a chronosequence of sites from 1 to 117 years post‐fire.ResultsLa Niña rainfall had sustained impacts on species’ occurrence. Over half of species increased significantly during the Big Wet. Despite three intervening years of below‐average rainfall, three quarters of these species remained comparably high, Post‐Big Wet. By contrast, less than half of threatened and declining species benefited from high rainfall. Responses of species to TSF were found to differ contingent on climatic conditions: almost twice as many species responded to TSF during the Big Wet and almost three times as many Post‐Big Wet, compared with the Big Dry. Across climatic periods, a majority of species showed preference for mid to older post‐fire vegetation.Main conclusionsVariation in responses to TSF is likely due to the effect of climatic variation on resources. We suggest that, at sites of different post‐fire age, interactions between TSF and climate may differentially influence both the availability and longevity of resources. Given climatic extremes are predicted to become increasingly severe with climate change, accounting for their influence on fauna–fire dynamics will require careful management of fire.
Safety and effectiveness of metformin in patients with reduced renal function: A systematic review
Authors: Orloff Jeremy , Min Jea Young , Mushlin Alvin , Flory James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo examine clinical and safety outcomes associated with metformin use in patients with impaired renal function.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase databases from inception to August 2020, supplementing our search with a review of investigator files and reference lists of included studies. Any study reporting original data on metformin and patient‐centred outcomes in patients with impaired renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2, was included. Post hoc meta‐analysis was performed for the outcomes of mortality, cardiovascular events and acidosis.ResultsNine small prospective studies enrolling patients with significantly impaired renal function identified only one case of clinically apparent lactic acidosis. Among 13 larger retrospective studies, seven examined the risk of mortality across patient subgroups; meta‐analysis showed reductions in overall mortality at an eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher but not at an eGFR of less than 45 mL/min/1.73m2. Eight retrospective studies evaluated acidosis as an outcome; meta‐analysis showed no increase in risk of acidosis except at an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2, in which group the HR was 1.97 (95% CI 1.03–3.77).ConclusionsThe literature shows metformin to be associated with reduced mortality and no increased risk of acidosis at an eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m2 or higher. Metformin appears to be associated with fewer benefits and possible increases in the risk of acidosis at an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2. Consistent with US Food and Drug Administration guidelines, metformin should not be used at an eGFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2, and further research on its risk‐benefit profile at eGFR values approaching 30 mL/min/1.73m2 is warranted.
If People Think of Brand & Experience as One and the Same, Why Don't Marketers?
Authors: Thomas Billy 
Published: May 2021

Whether treated as separate initiatives within the same department or managed by multiple teams in far corners of the same company, branding work and customer experience design is largely disconnected.The pandemic has pushed for a more meaningful, considered connection between business, technology, and people—proving that your consumer's experience is your brand. So where to focus dollars right now: brand or CX? Why not both?
How Do We Get Paid for This? Beating the Commodity Trap Using Design‐based Differentiation to Maintain Pricing Power
Authors: Parkman Ian D. 
Published: May 2021

Design‐based differentiation represents a set of product development strategies focused on using insights about the emotional, social, and cultural contexts in which offerings are used by the customer to enhance the emotional appeal, aesthetics, styling, ergonomics, core technology, and quality of products and services.If you thought of socks as a dull commodity, think again. This fascinating case study illustrates how Nike's Elite socks became a game changer.
Designing Online Mediation for the New Normal
Authors: Jang Sukwoo , Nam Ki‐Young 
Published: May 2021

The power of design for looking deep into people's concerns and coming up with creative solutions to resolve issues can be unleashed in defusing a hostile situation before it escalates to an expensive and damaging litigation.Everything has changed around the world this past year, including an increased number of disputes stemming from pandemic‐induced disruptions. Design has a role to play in developing systems for resolving these issues.
A simple null model predicts the island rule
Authors: Biddick Matt , Burns Kevin C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe island rule is a putative pattern in island evolution, where small species become larger on islands and large species become smaller. Despite decades of study, a mechanistic explanation for why some taxonomic groups obey the island rule, while others do not, has yet to be identified. Here, we explore whether the island rule might result from evolutionary drift. We derived a simulation model that predicts evolutionary size changes on islands based on random evolutionary trajectories along bounded trait domains. The model consistently predicted the island rule and could account for its occurrence in plants inhabiting islands in the Southwest Pacific. When support for the island rule was not detected, insular gigantism was often observed, suggesting that natural selection was at work. Overall results indicate that evolutionary drift can provide a parsimonious explanation for the island rule, suggesting future work should focus on circumstances where it does not occur.
Balancing Trade‐Offs in the Detection of Primary Schools at Risk
Authors: Savi Alexander O. , Cornelisz Ilja , Sjerps Matthias J. , Greup Steffen L. , Bres Chris M. , van Klaveren Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe quality assurance and evaluation of primary schools requires early risk detection. This is a daunting task, not only because risks are typically rare and their origins complex, but also because governing institutions have limited resources and capacity and desire efficiency and proportionality. Many countries, including most Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries, use inspections to detect schools at risk. In order to aid these efforts, we first evaluate various case‐based prediction models, and then propose a principled exploit–explore procedure for organizing school inspections. We demonstrate these methods using data from the Dutch Inspectorate of Education, which monitors the regulatory compliance of roughly 6,000 primary schools. The approach has the potential to balance the benefits of prioritizing inspections of predicted high‐risk schools on the one hand, with the benefits of verifying predicted risks and causal impact evaluations of school inspections on the other hand.
Divergence in heritable life history traits suggests potential for local adaptation and trade‐offs associated with a coal ash disposal site
Authors: Flynn R. Wesley , Welch Allison M. , Lance Stacey L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, human activities have resulted in rapid environmental changes that present unique challenges for wildlife. However, investigations of local adaptation in response to simultaneous exposure to multiple anthropogenic selection pressures are rare and often generate conflicting results. We used an in situ reciprocal transplant design within a quantitative genetic framework to examine how adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to the persistence of an amphibian population inhabiting an environment characterized by high levels of multiple toxic trace elements. We found evidence of phenotypic divergence that is largely consistent with local adaptation to an environment contaminated with multiple chemical stressors, tied to potential trade‐offs in the absence of contaminants. Specifically, the population derived from the contaminated environment had a reduced risk of mortality and greater larval growth and in the contaminated environment, relative to offspring from the naïve population. Further, while survival in the uncontaminated environment was not compromised in offspring from the contaminant‐exposed population, they did show delayed development and reduced growth rates over larval development, relative to the naïve population. We found no evidence of reduced additive genetic variation in the contaminant‐exposed population, suggesting long‐term selection in a novel environment has not reduced the evolutionary potential of that population. We also saw little evidence that past selection in the ASH environment had reduced trait plasticity in the resident population. Maternal effects were prominent in early development, but we did not detect any trends suggesting these effects were associated with the maternal transfer of toxic trace elements. Our results demonstrate the potential for adaptation to multiple contaminants in a wild amphibian population, which may have facilitated long‐term persistence in a heavily impacted environment.
Following historical “tracks” of hair follicle miniaturisation in patterned hair loss: Are elastin bodies the forgotten aetiology?
Authors: Rushton D. Hugh , Westgate Gillian E. , Van Neste Dominique J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPattern hair loss (PHL) is a chronic regressive condition of the scalp, where follicular miniaturisation and decreased scalp hair coverage occurs in affected areas. In all PHL cases, there is a measurable progressive shortening of the terminal hair growth duration, along with reduced linear growth rates. In both genders, PHL initially shows an increase in short telogen hairs ≤30 mm in length, reflecting a cycle completion of under 6 months in affected terminal hair follicles. To understand the miniaturisation process, we re‐examine the dynamics of miniaturisation and ask the question, “why do miniaturised hair follicles resist treatment?” In the light of recent developments in relation to hair regeneration, we looked back in the older literature for helpful clues “lost to time” and reprise a 1978 Hermann Pinkus observation of an array of elastin deposits beneath the dermal papilla following subsequent anagen/telogen transitions in male balding, originally described by Arao and Perkins who concluded that these changes provide a “morphologic marker of the entire biologic process in the balding scalp.” Thus, we have reviewed the role of the elastin‐like bodies in hair pathology and we propose that alterations in elastin architecture may contribute to the failure of vellus‐like hair reverting back to their terminal status and may indicate a new area for therapeutic intervention.
The residual dentition among home‐based older New Zealanders receiving living support
Authors: Hyland Natalie F. , Smith Moira B. , Thomson William M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere have been no detailed descriptions of residual dentition patterns among older people living in the community.ObjectivesTo describe the residual dentition and associated oral health‐related quality of life among older New Zealanders living in their own homes with government‐funded assistance.Materials and MethodsUsing nationally representative data, we determined the residual dentition arrangement and Kennedy classification for each dental arch. Individuals were categorised according to their maxillary‐mandibular dental configuration and prosthesis use. Data were weighted to make the estimates generalisable to the source population.ResultsOf the 895 clinically examined participants, 47.8% were dentate. One‐quarter of those had maxillary tooth‐bound saddles opposing a partially dentate mandible. Pasifika (people of Pacific Islands ethnicity) were most likely to have retained all of their dentition, while only the Māori ethnic group had no participants with a dentate arch. Only one in three of those with partially dentate upper and lower arches wore any maxillary denture; one in ten wore some form of mandibular denture. Partial dentures were common among those with an opposing edentulous jaw. Maxillary partial dentures were twice as common as their mandibular counterparts.ConclusionResidual dentition patterns in older people are diverse and complex, and meeting their prosthodontic needs is not straightforward.
Odonata metacommunity structure in northern ecosystems is driven by temperature and latitude
Authors: Cerini Francesco , Bombi Pierluigi , Cannings Robert , Vignoli Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The metacommunity concept, defined as a set of local communities connected by species dispersal, provides deep understanding of large‐scale ecological processes. The elements of the metacommunity structure (EMS) framework use occurrence data to differentiate among different patterns (i.e., checkerboard, nestedness, species turnover).
Metacommunities of tropical Odonata show species turnover following latitude and temperature gradients but there are no such large‐scale studies for other regions. We performed EMS analysis with data for the Odonata of British Columbia, Canada, testing the role of five environmental variables (temperature, latitude, altitude, precipitation, landcover typology) in structuring the metacommunities and their turnover.
The suborder Anisoptera drives the general pattern, with the communities showing a Clementsian‐type response (groups of species that replace each other along the environmental gradients) following temperature and latitude ordering. The Clementsian pattern determined by site temperatures reflects the turnover from a group of cold‐adapted species to one of warm‐adapted species, separated by many species with more generalised temperature requirements. Similarly, the Clementsian pattern associated with the latitude gradient indicates the substitution of a low‐latitude group in the south with a high‐latitude group in the north. The sites ordered by landcover did not show significant coherence and turnover.
In a macro‐scale framework, Odonata species assemblages seem to be sensitive to the climatic and geographic variables of local sites (i.e., temperature and latitude), regardless of the surrounding habitat typology. The role of such variables in shaping the assembly of Odonata communities should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation projects.