bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalized cutting force model for peripheral milling of wood, based on the effect of density, uncut chip cross section, grain orientation and tool helix angle
Authors: Curti R. , Marcon B. , Denaud L. , Togni M. , Furferi R. , Goli G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe influence of the grain angle on the cutting force when milling wood is not yet detailed, apart from particular cases (end-grain, parallel to the grain, or in some rare cases 45°-cut). Thus, setting-up wood machining operations with complex paths still relies mainly on the experience of the operators because of the lack of scientific knowledge easily transferable to the industry. The aim of the present work is to propose an empirical model based on specific cutting coefficients for the assessment of cutting force when peripheral milling of wood based on the following input: uncut chip thickness and width, grain angle (angle between the tool velocity vector and the grain direction of the wood), density and tool helix angle. The specific cutting coefficients were determined by peripheral milling with different depths of cut wood disks issued from different wood species on a dynamometric platform to record the forces. Milling a sample into a round shape (a disk) allows to measure the cutting forces toward every grain angle into a sole basic diameter reduction operation. Force signals are then post-processed to carefully clean the natural vibrations of the system without impacting their magnitudes. The experiment is repeated on five species with a large range of densities, machining two disks per species for five depths of cut in up- and down milling conditions for three different tool helix angles. Finally, a simple cutting force model, based on the previously cited parameters, is proposed, and its robustness analysed.
Effect of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour particle size and degree of wheat flour substitution on physical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties of cookies
Authors: Korese Joseph Kudadam , Chikpah Solomon Kofi , Hensel Oliver , Pawelzik Elke , Sturm Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flour is rich in health-promoting compounds that can improve the nutritional benefits of baked products when blended with wheat flour. However, the flour particle size and blend proportion may affect the quality properties and consumer acceptability of bakery products. This study investigated the effect of flour particle sizes and blend proportions on the physical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties of peeled and unpeeled OFSP composite flour cookies. Peeled and unpeeled OFSP flours (≤ 250 μm and ≤ 500 μm particle size) were produced, and each was used to replace soft wheat flour at the rate of 0 to 100% for cookies formulation. The results obtained showed that substitution of wheat flour with OFSP flours significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cookies baking loss, thickness, volume, crust lightness (L*) but increased diameter, spread ratio, crust redness, yellowness, contents of ß-carotene, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and flavonoids, and the antioxidant capacity. The hardness and fracturability of the OFSP-based cookies ranged between 1.389 and 10.142 kg and 0.873 and 9.431 kg, respectively, whereas the values of the control cookies were 1.281 ± 0.003 kg and 1.274 ± 0.003 kg, respectively. The effect of flour particle size on the physical and nutritional properties of cookies was insignificant (p > 0.05). However, the ≤ 250 μm particle size flour cookies had higher overall acceptability than the ≤ 500 μm particle size flour cookies. The unpeeled OFSP composite cookies had higher bioactive compounds concentrations except for ascorbic acid but had lower overall acceptability than the peeled OFSP cookies. Generally, the 30% peeled OFSP composite flour cookies had the highest consumer acceptability.
Prostatic Artery Embolization: Influence of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography on Radiation Exposure, Procedure Time, and Contrast Media Use
Authors: Bürckenmeyer F. , Diamantis I. , Kriechenbauer T. , Lehmann T. , Franiel T. , Malouhi A. , Grimm M. O. , Teichgräber U. , Aschenbach R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on radiation exposure, procedure time, and contrast media (CM) use in prostatic artery embolization (PAE).

Materials and Methods
Seventy-eight patients were enrolled in this retrospective, single-center study. All patients received PAE without (group A; n = 39) or with (group B; n = 39) CBCT. Total dose-area product (DAPtotal; Gycm2), total entrance skin dose (ESDtotal; mGy), and total effective dose (EDtotal; mSv) were primary outcomes. Number of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) series, CM use, fluoroscopy time, and procedure time were secondary outcomes. PAE in group A was performed by a single radiologist with 15 years experience, PAE in group B was conducted by four radiologists with 4 to 6 years experience.

Results
For groups A vs. B, respectively, median (IQR): DAPtotal 236.94 (186.7) vs. 281.20 (214.47) Gycm2(p = 0.345); EDtotal 25.82 (20.35) vs. 39.84 (23.75) mSv (p =  < 0.001); ESDtotal 2833 (2278) vs. 2563 (3040) mGy(p = 0.818); number of DSA series 25 (15) vs. 23 (10)(p = 0.164); CM use 65 (30) vs. 114 (40) mL(p =  < 0.001); fluoroscopy time 23 (20) vs. 28 (25) min(p = 0.265), and procedure time 70 (40) vs.120 (40) min(p =  < 0.001). Bilateral PAE was achieved in 33/39 (84.6%) group A and 32/39 (82.05%) group B(p = 0.761), all other patients received unilateral PAE. There were no significant differences between clinical parameters and origins of the prostatic arteries (PA) (p = 0.206–1.00).

Conclusion
Operators with extensive expertise on PAE may not benefit from addition of CBCT to DSA runs, whereas for operators with less expertise, CBCT when used alongside with DSA runs increased the overall radiation exposure.
Socio-Gerontechnology – ein Forschungsprogramm zu Technik und Alter(n) an der Schnittstelle von Gerontologie und Science-and-Technology Studies
Authors: Wanka Anna , Gallistl Vera 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Gerontologie beschäftigt sich Forschung intensiv mit der Frage, wie und wieso ältere Menschen neue Technologien nutzen oder nicht. Diese Forschung basiert mehrheitlich auf einem differenzierten Alter(n)sverständnis, verwendet jedoch einen verengten Technikbegriff, der Technologien auf manifeste Artefakte reduziert. Zur Erweiterung ihres Technikbegriffs kann die Gerontologie von den Science-and-Technology Studies (STS) lernen. Deren Ansätze und Perspektiven auf Technik und Alter(n) werden im Beitrag diskutiert, und es wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie anschlussfähig solche an aktuelle gerontologische Debatten und Befunde sind.

Material und Methode
Auf Basis aktueller Literatur wird in diesem Beitrag 2 Fragen nachgegangen: Welche Aspekte werden aus einer STS-Perspektive im Themenbereich Alter(n) und Technik thematisiert? Welche konzeptionellen Positionen zeichnen eine Forschungsperspektive der STS auf Technik und Alter(n) aus?

Ergebnisse
Im Themenbereich Alter(n) und Technik beschäftigen sich STS-Studien einerseits mit Entwicklungs- und Designprozessen neuer Technologien für ältere Menschen und andererseits mit den alltagsweltlichen Interaktionen zwischen Technologien und älteren Menschen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Auf Basis der Ergebnisse skizziert der Beitrag das Feld der Socio-Gerontechnology als Forschungsprogramm an der Schnittstelle zwischen STS und Gerontologie anhand von 3 Themen: (1) Materialitäten des Alter(n)s, die über innovative Technologien hinausgehen, (2) das Verhältnis von Alter(n)s- und technologischen Innovationsdiskursen und (3) die technologische Handlungsmächtigkeit von älteren Menschen.
Tracheostomy complications in otorhinolaryngology are rare despite the critical airway
Authors: Ruohoalho Johanna , Xin Guanyu , Bäck Leif , Aro Katri , Tapiovaara Laura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify complications of surgical tracheostomies in otorhinolaryngologic patients and adjust our processes to be properly prepared in the future.

Methods
We reviewed retrospectively all surgical tracheostomies (n = 255) performed by otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons at Helsinki University Hospital between Jan 2014 and Feb 2017. Patient demographics, surgical details, surgical and medical complications, and tracheostomy-related mortality were recorded from the hospital charts. Risk factors for complications were assessed.

Results
Altogether, 55 (22%) complications were identified in 39 (15%) patients, with pneumonia, accidental decannulation, and bleeding being the most common. No patient or surgery-related factor reached significance in overall complication risk factor analysis. Medical complications were more common after elective tracheostomies compared to emergency procedures (10.6% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.05). Majority of complications (78%) were classified as mild or moderate according to Clavien–Dindo. Only 2 (0.8%) tracheostomy-related deaths were recorded.

Conclusion
In otorhinolaryngologists service, severe complications and tracheostomy-related deaths are very rare. Reducing their prevalence even further with careful planning is possible.
Fracture Properties of Nash Point Limestone and Implications for Fracturing of Layered Carbonate Sequences
Authors: Forbes Inskip Nathaniel D. , Meredith Philip G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbonate reservoirs accommodate a significant proportion of global hydrocarbon reserves. However they are often tight and permeability is therefore usually dependent on either flow through existing fractures or through those produced by hydraulic stimulation. Hence, understanding how fracture networks develop in carbonate reservoir rocks is key to efficient and effective production. However, despite their prevalence as reservoir rocks, there is a paucity of data on key fracture properties of carbonate rocks, particularly in more than one orientation. Here, therefore we report measurements of both the tensile strength and fracture toughness of Nash Point limestone in the three principal fracture orientations to determine what effect any mechanical anisotropy might have on fracture propagation. We find Nash Point limestone to be essentially isotropic in terms of both its microstructure and its fracture properties. When comparing the fracture toughness of Nash Point limestone with that of others limestones, we find that fracture toughness decreases with increasing porosity, although this dependency is not as strong as found in other porous rocks. Finally, as many so-called carbonate reservoirs actually comprise layered sequences, we extend our analysis to consider the layered sequence of limestones and shales at Nash Point. We find that the fracture toughness of Nash Point limestone is higher than Nash Point shale but that the fracture energy is lower. We therefore discuss how the implications of fracturing through multi-layered sequences could be explored in future work.
Children’s use of psychosocial care in a population-based longitudinal study: less likely for girls, children with a non-Western background and children with a high quality of life
Authors: Eijgermans D. G. M. , Raat H. , Jansen P. W. , van de Looij-Jansen P. M. , Hillegers M. H. J. , Jansen W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnowledge on determinants of children’s psychosocial care use is important to improve their access to care. This study examined the independent contributions of need and predisposing factors to psychosocial care use in 9-year-old children, guided by the Gateway Provider Model. Data of the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort of children born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were analysed using multivariable logistic regression (n = 4714). Need (quality of life, presence and type of emotional/behavioural problems) and predisposing factors (sex, ethnic background and maternal educational level) were measured using parent questionnaires at multiple time points between ages 1.5 and 9 years. Psychosocial care use was parent-reported at 9 years old (9.6% among children with Western background, 7.3% among children with non-Western background). Having emotional/behavioural problems at 5 and 9 years old was associated with more care use, while having a higher quality of life, being a girl and having a Moroccan/Turkish or other non-Western background were associated with less care use. Externalising and internalising problems, as well as several types of problems, at 5 and 9 years old were associated with psychosocial care use. Stratified analyses revealed that, in children with non-Western backgrounds, only a poorer psychosocial quality of life was associated with psychosocial care use. To conclude, girls with a Western background and children with a non-Western background were less likely to receive care compared to their peers. Children with parent-reported emotional/behavioural problems at 5 and 9 years old and decreased quality of life at 5 years old were more likely to receive psychosocial care use at 9 years old. Our findings hold relevance for preventive policies.
White-Sand Savannas Expand at the Core of the Amazon After Forest Wildfires
Authors: Flores Bernardo M. , Holmgren Milena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcross the tropics, climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, exposing tropical forests to the risk of shifting into an open vegetation state. A recent satellite analysis of the Amazon basin suggests this might happen first in floodplains where forests are particularly fragile. We studied floodplain landscapes of the middle Rio Negro, covering ~ 4100 km2 at the Central Amazon region, where forest ecosystems are dominant. We used Landsat images to map 40 years of wildfire history and test the hypothesis that repeatedly burnt forests fail to regenerate and can be replaced by white-sand savanna ecosystems. In the field, using a chronosequence of ‘time after the first fire’, we assessed changes in tree species composition, herbaceous cover and topsoil properties. Here we show that when these forests are repeatedly disturbed by wildfires, their soil gradually loses clay and nutrients and becomes increasingly sandy. In synchrony, native herbaceous cover expands, forest tree species disappear and white-sand savanna tree species become dominant. This drastic ecosystem shift happened within 40 years, likely accelerated by topsoil erosion. When recurrent fires maintain floodplain forests in an open vegetation state, topsoil erosion intensifies, transforming clay-rich soils into white-sand soils that may favour savanna tree species. Our findings reveal that white-sand savannas may expand through seasonally flooded ecosystems at the core of the Amazon, facilitated by wildfires.
iPSC technology-based regenerative medicine for kidney diseases
Authors: Osafune Kenji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith few curative treatments for kidney diseases, increasing attention has been paid to regenerative medicine as a new therapeutic option. Recent progress in kidney regeneration using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is noteworthy. Based on the knowledge of kidney development, the directed differentiation of hiPSCs into two embryonic kidney progenitors, nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and ureteric bud (UB), has been established, enabling the generation of nephron and collecting duct organoids. Furthermore, human kidney tissues can be generated from these hiPSC-derived progenitors, in which NPC-derived glomeruli and renal tubules and UB-derived collecting ducts are interconnected. The induced kidney tissues are further vascularized when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In addition to the kidney reconstruction for use in transplantation, it has been demonstrated that cell therapy using hiPSC-derived NPCs ameliorates acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. Disease modeling and drug discovery research using disease-specific hiPSCs has also been vigorously conducted for intractable kidney disorders, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In an attempt to address the complications associated with kidney diseases, hiPSC-derived erythropoietin (EPO)-producing cells were successfully generated to discover drugs and develop cell therapy for renal anemia. This review summarizes the current status and future perspectives of developmental biology of kidney and iPSC technology-based regenerative medicine for kidney diseases.
The impact of body mass index on breast cancer incidence among women at increased risk: an observational study from the International Breast Intervention Studies
Authors: Smith Samuel G. , Sestak Ivana , Morris Michelle. A. , Harvie Michelle , Howell Anthony , Forbes John , Cuzick Jack 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk in women at increased risk of breast cancer receiving tamoxifen or anastrozole compared with placebo using data from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Studies [IBIS-I (tamoxifen) and IBIS-II (anastrozole)].

Methods
Baseline BMI was calculated from nurse assessed height and weight measurements for premenopausal (n = 3138) and postmenopausal (n = 3731) women in IBIS-I and postmenopausal women in IBIS-II (n = 3787). The primary endpoint was any breast cancer event (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for risk after adjustment for covariates.

Results
There were 582 (IBIS-I) and 248 (IBIS-II) breast cancer events [median follow-up = 16.2 years (IQR 14.4–17.7) and 10.9 years (IQR 8.8–13.0), respectively]. In adjusted analysis, women with a higher BMI had an increased breast cancer risk in both IBIS-I [HR = 1.06 per 5 kg/m2 (0.99–1.15), p = 0.114] and in IBIS-II [HR per 5 kg/m2 = 1.21 (1.09–1.35), p < 0.001]. In IBIS-I, the association between BMI and breast cancer risk was positive in postmenopausal women [adjusted HR per 5 kg/m2 = 1.14 (1.03–1.26), p = 0.01] but not premenopausal women [adjusted HR per 5 kg/m2 = 0.97 (0.86–1.09), p = 0.628]. There was no interaction between BMI and treatment group for breast cancer risk in either IBIS-I (p = 0.62) or IBIS-II (p = 0.55).

Conclusions
Higher BMI is associated with greater breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women at increased risk of the disease, but no effect was observed in premenopausal women. The lack of interaction between BMI and treatment group on breast cancer risk suggests women are likely to experience benefit from preventive therapy regardless of their BMI.
Trial registration Both trials were registered [IBIS-I: ISRCTN91879928 on 24/02/2006, retrospectively registered (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91879928); IBIS-II: ISRCTN31488319 on 07/01/2005, retrospectively registered (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN31488319)]
The Effects of Serum Removal on Gene Expression and Morphological Plasticity Markers in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Thomson Alix C. , Schuhmann Teresa , de Graaf Tom A. , Sack Alexander T. , Rutten Bart P. F. , Kenis Gunter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread use of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line in modeling human neurons in vitro, protocols for growth, differentiation and experimentation differ considerably across the literature. Many studies fully differentiate SH-SY5Y cells before experimentation, to investigate plasticity measures in a mature, human neuronal-like cell model. Prior to experimentation, serum is often removed from cell culture media, to arrest the cell growth cycle and synchronize cells. However, the exact effect of this serum removal before experimentation on mature, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells has not yet been described. In studies using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, any effect of serum removal on plasticity markers may influence results. The aim of the current study was to systematically characterize, in differentiated, neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells, the potentially confounding effects of complete serum removal in terms of morphological and gene expression markers of plasticity. We measured changes in commonly used morphological markers and in genes related to neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis, particularly in the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. We found that complete serum removal from already differentiated SH-SY5Y cells increases neurite length, neurite branching, and the proportion of cells with a primary neurite, as well as proportion of βIII-Tubulin and MAP2 expressing cells. Gene expression results also indicate increased expression of PSD95 and NTRK2 expression 24 h after serum removal. We conclude that serum deprivation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells affects morphology and gene expression and can potentially confound plasticity-related outcome measures, having significant implications for experimental design in studies using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells as a model of human neurons.
Self-Adjointness in Klein-Gordon Theory on Globally Hyperbolic Spacetimes
Authors: Much Albert , Oeckl Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove essential self-adjointness of the spatial part of the linear Klein-Gordon operator with external potential for a large class of globally hyperbolic manifolds. The proof is conducted by a fusion of new results concerning globally hyperbolic manifolds, the theory of weighted Hilbert spaces and related functional analytic advances.
Radical interpretation and decision theory
Authors: Hattiangadi Anandi , Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper takes issue with an influential interpretationist argument for physicalism about intentionality based on the possibility of radical interpretation. The interpretationist defends the physicalist thesis that the intentional truths supervene on the physical truths by arguing that it is possible for a radical interpreter, who knows all of the physical truths, to work out the intentional truths about what an arbitrary agent believes, desires, and means without recourse to any further empirical information. One of the most compelling arguments for the possibility of radical interpretation, associated most closely with David Lewis and Donald Davidson, gives a central role to decision theoretic representation theorems, which demonstrate that if an agent’s preferences satisfy certain constraints, it is possible to deduce probability and utility functions that represent her beliefs and desires. We argue that an interpretationist who wants to rely on existing representation theorems in defence of the possibility of radical interpretation faces a trilemma, each horn of which is incompatible with the possibility of radical interpretation.
Synthesis of Silicon Sulfide by Using CS2 Gas
Authors: Suzuki Ryosuke O. , Yashima Yuta , Kaneko Takumi , Ahmadi Eltefat , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Watanabe Takafumi , Nogami Genki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Silicon sulfide (SiS2) was synthesized from Si, SiC, Si3N4, and a eutectic Al-Si liquid. An Ar-CS2 gas mixture, after bubbling through liquid CS2, was passed over pulverized Si, SiC, Si3N4, or a eutectic Al-Si alloy liquid. White, needle-shaped SiS2 was precipitated as a single phase on the colder downstream surface when Si powder in a SiO2 liner was heated over 1273 K. This deposition mechanism involves a reaction between Si and CS2 to form SiS2, with the vaporization of SiS(g) and deposition as SiS2(s) from SiS(g) and S2(g). Quartz was unaffected by the reaction gases. Notably, Si, SiC, Si3N4, and the eutectic Al-Si liquid were found to be suitable sources for SiS2 synthesis, although this was suppressed owing to Al2S3 formation on the latter.