bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of glyphosate applied preharvest on oat kernel quality
Authors: Vegi Anuradha , Stebbins Bethany R. , Ransom Joel K. , Simsek Senay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesPreharvest glyphosate is applied to oats for weed control and as a desiccant. The effect of glyphosate applied at various stages of oat physiological maturity on oat end product quality has not been reported previously. In this study, the effects of glyphosate application at two separate stages of physiological maturity on oat groat quality and rolled oats quality were determined.FindingsOat was grown at two locations. Glyphosate was applied at the soft dough, physiological maturity stages, or not applied. Effect of preharvest glyphosate application at the oat soft dough stage on groat hardness, groat percentage (0.7%–3.7% decrease by cultivar), and percent plump groats (0.3%–6.1% decrease by cultivar), when compared to untreated oats, was noticeable. However, glyphosate applied at physiological maturity (manufacturer's recommendation) did not detrimentally affect groat starch (average 60.3%) or end product quality.ConclusionsTherefore, from an end‐user perspective, applying glyphosate preharvest at oat physiological maturity does not impact oat quality.Significance and noveltyGlyphosate when applied preharvest to oats can control weed and facilitate harvest, a boon to farmers. Final oat quality, a decisive factor for commercial processor use, was not detrimentally affected when glyphosate was applied at oat physiological maturity.
Anions‐Exchange‐Induced Efficient Carrier Transport at CsPbBrxCl3‐x/TiO2 Interface for Photocatalytic Activation of C(sp3)−H bond in Toluene Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yizhou , Dai Yi , Wang Qiuhe , Dong Yuanyuan , Song Tinglu , Mudryi Alexander , Chen Qi , Li Yujing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInspired by the unique band structure of CsPbBr3, we have developed an asymmetric Cl‐exchange strategy based on the CsPbBrxCl3‐x/TiO2 heterojunction‐type catalyst and achieved photocatalytic activation of C(sp3)−H bond using the toluene oxidation reaction as a proof‐of‐concept application. The anion exchange at the supported CsPbBr3 surface results in the CsPbBrxCl3‐x/TiO2 structure with an asymmetric distribution of halide. The resultant heterojunction‐type catalysts exhibit significantly improved photocatalytic activity for toluene oxidation reaction with the highest benzaldehyde production rate at 1874 μmol g−1 h−1 (∼4 times that of the naked CsPbBr3 nanocrystals). The remarkable photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the improved carrier transport at CsPbBrxCl3‐x/TiO2 interface enabled by the unique band structure due to the asymmetric halide distribution, verified by the micro‐strain discovered through the X‐ray diffraction. This work demonstrates a new pathway to fabricate highly‐efficient halide perovskite heterojunction‐type catalysts for photocatalytic activation of C(sp3)−H bond.
Towards the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid at an Applicative Scale: Technical and Economic Analysis of Most Promising Routes
Authors: Proietto Federica , Galia Alessandro , Scialdone Onofrio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid, FA, using Sn‐based cathodes, was widely investigated. In this work, the technical feasibility and economic viability of this process were evaluated considering the most promising electrochemical routes reported in the literature. Five case studies, based on the utilisation of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) technologies or high CO2 pressures, were analysed. The cost for producing FA by the electrochemical route was compared with that of the conventional chemical route. Several scenarios were envisioned finding the target figures of merit, the potential bottlenecks (including low FA concentration, GDE cost and high energy consumption) of each technology and the challenges that need to be faced. It was shown that the performances of these processes are not still adequate from an economic point of view and the improvements that should be achieved were identified. To be suitable for the commercialisation, the process should reach simultaneously high current density, faradaic efficiency and actual FA concentration as well as good stability with time and a limited cost of electrodes. In addition, it was shown that the utilisation of the excess electric energy generated from renewable sources could significantly reduce the costs of the process.
Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude
Authors: Tan Hyon‐Xhi , Lee Wen Shi , Wragg Kathleen M , Nelson Christina , Esterbauer Robyn , Kelly Hannah G , Amarasena Thakshila , Jones Robert , Starkey Graham , Wang Bao Zhong , Yoshino Osamu , Tiang Thomas , Grayson Michael Lindsay , Opdam Helen , D'Costa Rohit , Vago Angela ,   The Austin Liver Transplant Perfusionist Group, Mackay Laura K , Gordon Claire L , Wheatley Adam K , Kent Stephen J , Juno Jennifer A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesEndemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) circulate worldwide but cause minimal mortality. Although seroconversion to hCoV is near ubiquitous during childhood, little is known about hCoV‐specific T‐cell memory in adults.MethodsWe quantified CD4 T‐cell and antibody responses to hCoV spike antigens in 42 SARS‐CoV‐2‐uninfected individuals. Antigen‐specific memory T cells and circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells were identified using an activation‐induced marker assay and characterised for memory phenotype and chemokine receptor expression.ResultsT‐cell responses were widespread within conventional memory and cTFH compartments but did not correlate with IgG titres. SARS‐CoV‐2 cross‐reactive T cells were observed in 48% of participants and correlated with HKU1 memory. hCoV‐specific T cells exhibited a CCR6+ central memory phenotype in the blood, but were enriched for frequency and CXCR3 expression in human lung‐draining lymph nodes.ConclusionOverall, hCoV‐specific humoral and cellular memory are independently maintained, with a shared phenotype existing among coronavirus‐specific CD4 T cells. This understanding of endemic coronavirus immunity provides insight into the homeostatic maintenance of immune responses that are likely to be critical components of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Cell size, genome size, and maximum growth rate are near‐independent dimensions of ecological variation across bacteria and archaea
Authors: Westoby Mark , Nielsen Daniel Aagren , Gillings Michael R. , Litchman Elena , Madin Joshua S. , Paulsen Ian T. , Tetu Sasha G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong bacteria and archaea, maximum relative growth rate, cell diameter, and genome size are widely regarded as important influences on ecological strategy. Via the most extensive data compilation so far for these traits across all clades and habitats, we ask whether they are correlated and if so how. Overall, we found little correlation among them, indicating they should be considered as independent dimensions of ecological variation. Nor was correlation evident within particular habitat types. A weak nonlinearity (6% of variance) was found whereby high maximum growth rates (temperature‐adjusted) tended to occur in the midrange of cell diameters. Species identified in the literature as oligotrophs or copiotrophs were clearly separated on the dimension of maximum growth rate, but not on the dimensions of genome size or cell diameter.
Activation of the renal GLP‐1R leads to expression of Ren1 in the renal vascular tree
Authors: Bjørnholm Katrine Dahl , Ougaard Maria Elm , Skovsted Gry Freja , Knudsen Lotte Bjerre , Pyke Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) in the kidney is expressed exclusively in vascular smooth muscle cells in arteries and arterioles. Downstream effects of the activation of the renal vascular GLP‐1R are elusive but may involve regulation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS). The expression of Ren1 in the mouse renal vasculature was investigated by in situ hybridization after a single subcutaneous dose of liraglutide, semaglutide and after repeated injections of liraglutide. Single and repeated exposure to GLP‐1R agonists induced expression of Ren1 in the renal vascular smooth muscle cell compartment compared with vehicle injected controls (p < .0001) for both semaglutide and liraglutide. The present data show a robust induction of Ren1 expression in the vascular smooth muscle cells of the kidney after single and repeated GLP‐1R activation and this renin recruitment may be involved in the effects of GLP‐1R agonist treatment on kidney disease.
Viral infections in humans and mice with genetic deficiencies of the type I IFN response pathway
Authors: Meyts Isabelle , Casanova Jean‐Laurent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractType I IFNs are so‐named because they interfere with viral infection in vertebrate cells. The study of cellular responses to type I IFNs led to the discovery of the JAK‐STAT signaling pathway, which also governs the response to other cytokine families. We review here the outcome of viral infections in mice and humans with engineered and inborn deficiencies, respectively, of (i) IFNAR1 or IFNAR2, selectively disrupting responses to type I IFNs, (ii) STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, also impairing cellular responses to type II (for STAT1) and/or III (for STAT1, STAT2, IRF9) IFNs, and (iii) JAK1 and TYK2, also impairing cellular responses to cytokines other than IFNs. A picture is emerging of greater redundancy of human type I IFNs for protective immunity to viruses in natural conditions than was initially anticipated. Mouse type I IFNs are essential for protection against a broad range of viruses in experimental conditions. These findings suggest that various type I IFN‐independent mechanisms of human cell‐intrinsic immunity to viruses have yet to be discovered.
Incorporating European GWAS findings improve polygenic risk prediction accuracy of breast cancer among East Asians
Authors: Ji Ying , Long Jirong , Kweon Sun‐Seog , Kang Daehee , Kubo Michiaki , Park Boyoung , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Zheng Wei , Tao Ran , Li Bingshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have been largely focused on European (EUR) populations. However, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) derived from EUR have been shown to perform worse in non‐EURs compared with EURs. In this study, we aim to improve PRS prediction in East Asians (EASs). We introduce a rescaled meta‐analysis framework to combine both EUR (N = 122,175) and EAS (N = 30,801) GWAS summary statistics. To improve PRS prediction in EASs, we use a scaling factor to up‐weight the EAS data, such that the resulting effect size estimates are more relevant to EASs. We then derive PRSs for EAS from the rescaled meta‐analysis results of EAS and EUR data. Evaluated in an independent EAS validation data set, this approach increases the prediction liability‐adjusted Nagelkerke's pseudoR2by 40%, 41%, and 5%, respectively, compared with PRSs derived from an EAS GWAS only, EUR GWAS only, and conventional fixed‐effects meta‐analysis of EAS and EUR data. The PRS derived from the rescaled meta‐analysis approach achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.6059, higher than AUC = 0.5782, 0.5809, 0.6008 for EAS, EUR, and conventional meta‐analysis of EAS and EUR. We further compare PRSs constructed by single‐nucleotide polymorphisms that have different linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores and minor allele frequencies (MAFs) between EUR and EAS, and observe that lower LD scores or MAF in EAS correspond to poorer PRS performance (AUC = 0.5677, 0.5530, respectively) than higher LD scores or MAF (AUC = 0.589, 0.5993, respectively). We finally build a PRS stratified by LD score differences in EUR and EAS using rescaled meta‐analysis, and obtain an AUC of 0.6096, with improvement over other strategies investigated.
LncRNA PAINT is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and dysregulation of cancer hallmark genes
Authors: Hasan Md Faqrul , Ganapathy Kavya , Sun Jiao , Khatib Ayman , Andl Thomas , Soulakova Julia N. , Coppola Domenico , Zhang Wei , Chakrabarti Ratna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory role in cellular processes and their aberrant expression may drive cancer progression. Here we report the function of a lncRNA PAINT (prostate cancer associated intergenic noncoding transcript) in promoting prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Upregulation of PAINT was noted in advanced stage and metastatic PCa. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell proliferation, S‐phase progression, increased expression of apoptotic markers, and improved sensitivity to docetaxel and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX‐680. Inhibition of PAINT decreased cell migration and reduced expression of Slug and Vimentin. Ectopic expression of PAINT suppressed E‐cadherin, increased S‐phase progression and cell migration. PAINT expression in PCa cells induced larger colony formation, increased tumor growth and higher expression of mesenchymal markers. Transcriptome analysis followed by qRT‐PCR validation showed differentially expressed genes involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and drug resistance in PAINT‐expressing cells. Our study establishes an oncogenic function of PAINT in PCa.
First case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with MAP3K1 homozygous deletion
Authors: Shojo Kazunori , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Hongo Hiroshi , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionDuctal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a rare prostate cancer variant and associated with higher stage and greater risk of mortality. Optimal systemic therapy for metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma is not known.Case presentationA 67‐year‐old man presented with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate accompanied by multiple lung metastases and advanced bone metastases. We performed channel transurethral resection of the prostate and confirmed the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. DNA sequencing identified a TP53 somatic point mutation (p.Gly245Ser) as the pathogenic variant. Furthermore, a homozygous deletion was observed in mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1. The patient received enzalutamide but deceased 5 months after presenting to our institution.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 homozygous deletion. Accumulation of whole‐exome sequencing data is expected to inform future advances in therapy development.
Indoor photovoltaics, The Next Big Trend in solution‐processed solar cells
Authors: Li Benxuan , Hou Bo , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have attracted considerable interest for their potential to power small and portable electronics and photonic devices. The recent advancemes in circuit design and device optimizations has led to the power required to operate electronics for the internet of things (IoT), such as distributed sensors, remote actuators, and communication devices, being remarkably reduced. Therefore, various types of sensors and a large number of nodes can be wireless or even batteryless powered by IPVs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in IPVs. We primarily focus on third‐generation solution‐processed solar cell technologies, which include organic solar cells, dye‐sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and newly developed colloidal quantum dot indoor solar cells. Besides, the device design principles are also discussed in relation to the unique characteristics of indoor lighting conditions. Challenges and prospects for the development of IPV are also summarized, which, hopefully, can lead to a better understanding of future IPV design as well as performance enhancement.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell‐secreted exosome alleviates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced acute colitis by Treg cell induction and inflammatory cytokine reduction
Authors: Heidari Neda , Abbasi‐Kenarsari Hajar , Namaki Saeed , Baghaei Kaveh , Zali Mohammad Reza , Ghaffari Khaligh Sahar , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an inflammatory condition that results in gastrointestinal tract damage. Various factors, including environmental and genetic agents, disrupt the function of the intestinal immune system that can lead to IBD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display an immunoregulatory function and demonstrate regenerative potential by paracrine action. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs’ derived exosomes in the acute form of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. Exosomes were isolated from adipose‐derived MSCs. Acute colitis was induced by DSS. The exosome was used by intraperitoneal injection into mice with acute colitis. Stool consistency, body weight changes, bleeding severity, colon length, and weight were examined. At the experimental endpoint (Day 7), the changes in the colon tissue were evaluated. The level of cytokines of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), IL‐4, IL‐12, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and, IL‐10, and Treg cells percentage were assayed. Results showed that exosome administration diminished colon shortening, bodyweight loss, bleeding, and colon injury. The levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐12, and IL‐17 were decreased, and the level of TGF‐β, IL‐4, and IL‐10 were increased in lymph node and spleen of mice treated with exosome. Percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells were grown in the lymph node and spleen of mice treated with exosomes. Overall, current data suggest that MSC‐derived exosome could regulate the Treg population and improves inflammation in DSS‐induced acute colitis.
Profiling homicide cases based on matched victim‐offender demographic characteristics
Authors: Avdija Avdi S. , Gallagher Christian W. , Woods DeVere D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop an evidence‐based set of inductive profiles based on matched victim‐offender characteristics of homicide cases. To develop these homicide profiles, we used national data from the FBI's supplementary homicide reports that were reported by law enforcement agencies for a period of 42 years, from 1976 to 2017 in the United States. The findings that emerged from the study show that female offenders tend to kill victims of the opposite gender; whereas male offenders kill more victims within their own gender. The probability of becoming a victim of homicide increases for white people and decreases for black people as the offender's age increases. Overall, offenders tend to kill victims about their own age, and as offenders get older, they are more likely to kill female victims than male victims.
The impact of awareness diffusion on the spread of COVID‐19 based on a two‐layer SEIR/V–UA epidemic model
Authors: Zhao Xueke , Zhou Qingming , Wang Anjing , Zhu Fenping , Meng Zeyang , Zuo Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new susceptible–vaccinated–exposed–infected–recovered with unaware–aware (SEIR/V‐UA) model to study the mutual effect between the epidemic spreading and information diffusion. We investigate the dynamic processes of the model with a Kinetic equation and derive the expression for epidemic stability by the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. Then, we validate the model by the Monte Carlo method and numerical simulation on a two‐layer scale‐free network. With the outbreak of COVID‐19, the spread of the epidemic in China prompted drastic measures for transmission containment. We examine the effects of these interventions based on modeling of the information‐epidemic and the data of the COVID‐19 epidemic case. The results further demonstrate that the epidemic spread can be affected by the effective transmission rate of awareness.
Genomic resources for lupins are coming of age
Authors: Kamphuis Lars G. , Garg Gagan , Foley Rhonda , Singh Karam B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLupins are underutilised pulse crops subject to increasing interest for human consumption of the high‐protein grain. They are also valued as a source of animal nutrition and make an excellent break crop in agricultural production systems. Like other orphan legumes, the genomic revolution has made it cost‐effective to also apply modern genetic and genomic approaches in lupins. These have predominantly been conducted in the two major domesticated lupin species, namely, narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL; Lupinus angustifolius) and white lupin (Lupinus albus), with transcriptome studies also emerging in other domesticated and undomesticated species. This review provides an overview of the current lupin genomic resources developed including two reference genomes for NLL and white lupin, several transcriptome resources and the development of pan‐genomes for NLL and white lupin, and describes how these offer great potential to increase grain yield and quality for these recently domesticated pulse crops. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of lupins to further our understanding of many aspects of fundamental legume biology. Combined, this will aid breeders and growers to improve lupin crops to help meet the increasing demand for plant protein in more sustainable cropping systems.
Corrosion behavior of friction stir‐welded AZ31 Mg alloy after plastic deformation
Authors: Liu Dejia , Yu Jiaxin , Zhang Yafeng , Zhang Yonggan , Shen Mingxue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPostweld plastic deformation was reported to be able to largely enhance the mechanical properties of friction stir‐welded (FSW) Mg alloys by changing microstructures in the regions with a soft‐oriented texture. However, few studies have concentrated on the effects of postweld plastic deformations on the corrosion behavior of FSW Mg alloys, which has an impact on their application. In the present study, electrochemical measurements, hydrogen evolution, and mass loss tests were used to study the influences of postweld compression along the transverse direction and subsequent annealing on the corrosion rate of FSW AZ31 Mg alloys. It was found that owing to the grain refinement in the weld zones, an improvement in the corrosion resistance and hardness was observed in the FSW AZ31 sample compared to the base metal (BM) sample. Postweld compression was very harmful to the corrosion resistance of the FSW AZ31 alloys. On the basis of the mass loss results, the corrosion rate of the compressed FSW sample was ~17.62 mm/year, which was ~8.99 times that of the FSW sample (~1.96 mm/year). Subsequent annealing could slightly reduce the corrosion rate of the compressed FSW AZ31 plates, whereas the corrosion rate of the FSW‐C‐T sample (~13.63 mm/year) was much worse than that of the BM sample (~4.73 mm/year).