bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial of succinylated gelatin (4%) fluid on urinary acute kidney injury biomarkers in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Smart Lisa , Boyd Corrin , Litton Edward , Pavey Warren , Vlaskovsky Philip , Ali Umar , Mori Trevor , Barden Anne , Ho Kwok Ming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Fluid resuscitation is frequently required for cardiac surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The ideal fluid of choice in regard to efficacy and safety remains uncertain. Compared with crystalloid fluid, colloid fluid may result in less positive fluid balance. However, some synthetic colloids are associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study compared the effects of succinylated gelatin (4%) (GEL) with compound sodium lactate (CSL) on urinary AKI biomarkers in patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods
Cardiac surgical patients who required an intravenous fluid bolus of at least 500 mL postoperatively were randomly allocated to receive GEL or CSL as the resuscitation fluid of choice for the subsequent 24 h. Primary outcomes were serial urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C concentrations measured at baseline, 1 h, 5 h and 24 h after enrolment, with higher concentrations indicating greater kidney injury. Secondary biomarker outcomes included urinary clusterin, α1-microglobulin and F2-isoprostanes concentrations. Differences in change of biomarker concentration between the two groups over time were compared with mixed-effects regression models. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
Forty cardiac surgical patients (n = 20 per group) with similar baseline characteristics were included. There was no significant difference in the median volume of fluid boluses administered over 24 h between the GEL (1250 mL, Q1–Q3 500–1750) and CSL group (1000 mL, Q1–Q3 500–1375) (P = 0.42). There was a significantly greater increase in urinary cystatin C (P < 0.001), clusterin (P < 0.001), α1-microglobulin (P < 0.001) and F2-isoprostanes (P = 0.020) concentrations over time in the GEL group, compared to the CSL group. Change in urinary NGAL concentration (P = 0.68) over time was not significantly different between the groups. The results were not modified by adjustment for either urinary osmolality or EuroSCORE II predicted risk of mortality.

Conclusions
This preliminary randomised controlled trial showed that use of succinylated gelatin (4%) for fluid resuscitation after cardiac surgery was associated with increased biomarker concentrations of renal tubular injury and dysfunction, compared to crystalloid fluid. These results generate concern that use of intravenous gelatin fluid may contribute to clinically relevant postoperative AKI.
Trial registration ANZCTR.org.au, ACTRN12617001461381. Registered on 16th October, 2017, http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=373619&isReview=true.
Specifically designed magnetic biochar from waste wood for arsenic removal
Authors: Chen Chih-Kuei , Chen Jia-Jia , Nguyen Nhat-Thien , Le Thuy-Trang , Nguyen Nguyen-Cong , Chang Chang-Tang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArsenic is a carcinogenic substance, with many cases of poisoning related to arsenic pollution in groundwater. In Taiwan arsenic in groundwater caused the notorious Blackfoot disease. Methods for arsenic removal from water include precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange, and adsorption, but these processing technologies suffer from high investment costs and complex operations. The traditional adsorption method cannot be used for arsenic removal due to its high operating costs, difficulties in recovery, and low adsorption capacity. To address these issues, this study designed an adsorption material based on biochar for arsenic removal with higher adsorption properties and easy recovery. Biochar sources are readily available from waste wood as a cheap and environmentally friendly material. The efficiency of As (III) removal is also promoted by FeCl3 and KMnO4. The objectives of this research are to obtain optimum operation conditions by assessing the effects of different iron and manganese contents, different doses, different pH and different initial concentration. The adsorption mechanism between As (III) and biochar was studied by adsorption isotherms and the kinetic model. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analyzer analysis results show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe and Mn. There is greater magnetism, 40 emu g− 1, in the modified biochar. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 81% and 0.72 mg g− 1 capacity occurs when the ratio of Mn, Fe and C is 4:1:1. The adsorption capacity is high under higher pH with pristine biochar and 1FeC under lower pH with 1Fe2MnC. The reaction mechanism is divided into four pathways. The first pathway is the attachment of As (III) ions into the pore of biochar via physical adsorption. In the second pathway, biochar can connect with As (III) through hydrogen bonding from the function group -OH in the biochar and the As (III) itself. In the third pathway, they can contact each other by electron force when the biochar surface is filled with a positive charge. In the fourth pathway, the compounds of manganese have strong oxidizability to oxidize As (III) to As(V). The iron ions then act as a bridge connecting the biochar and the As (III), resulting in the formation of new complex compounds.
Experiences of care for self-harm in the emergency department: comparison of the perspectives of patients, carers and practitioners
Authors: O'Keeffe Sally , Suzuki Mimi , Ryan Mary , Hunter Jennifer , McCabe Rose 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundEach year, 220 000 episodes of self-harm are managed by emergency departments in England, providing support to people at risk of suicide.AimsTo explore treatment of self-harm in emergency departments, comparing perspectives of patients, carers and practitioners.MethodFocus groups and semi-structured interviews with 79 people explored experiences of receiving/delivering care. Participants were patients (7 young people, 12 adults), 8 carers, 15 generalist emergency department practitioners and 37 liaison psychiatry practitioners. Data were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsWe identified four themes. One was common across stakeholder groups: (a) the wider system is failing people who self-harm: they often only access crisis support as they are frequently excluded from services, leading to unhelpful cycles of attending the emergency department. Carers felt over-relied upon and ill-equipped to keep the person safe. Three themes reflected different perspectives across stakeholders: (b) practitioners feel powerless and become hardened towards patients, with patients feeling judged for seeking help which exacerbates their distress; (c) patients need a human connection to offer hope when life feels hopeless, yet practitioners underestimate the therapeutic potential of interactions; and (d) practitioners are fearful of blame if someone takes their life: formulaic question-and-answer risk assessments help make staff feel safer but patients feel this is not a valid way of assessing risk or addressing their needs.ConclusionsEmergency department practitioners should seek to build a human connection and validate patients’ distress, which offers hope when life feels hopeless. Patients consider this a therapeutic intervention in its own right. Investment in self-harm treatment is indicated.
Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Testosterone-Producing Leydig-like Cells
Authors: Ishida Takaki , Koyanagi-Aoi Michiyo , Yamamiya Daisuke , Onishi Atsushi , Sato Katsuya , Uehara Keiichiro , Fujisawa Masato , Aoi Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLate-onset hypogonadism (LOH) syndrome, due to a partial lack of testosterone, decreases the quality of life of older men. Testosterone is mainly secreted by Leydig cells in the testes. Leydig cell transplantation is expected to be a promising alternative to conventional testosterone replacement therapy for LOH syndrome. We herein report a simple and robust protocol for directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into Leydig-like cells by doxycycline-inducible overexpression of NR5A1 and treatment with a combination of 8-bromoadenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and forskolin. The differentiated cells expressed the steroidogenic enzyme genes STAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and HSD3B2 and the specific markers of adult Leydig cells HSD17B3, INSL3, and LHCGR. Furthermore, we confirmed the secretion of functional testosterone from the cells into the culture supernatant by a testosterone-sensitive cell proliferation assay. These findings showed that the hiPSCs were able to be differentiated into Leydig-like cells, supporting the expectation that hiPSC-derived Leydig-like cells can be novel tools for treating LOH syndrome.
Elucidation of Detailed Pore Structure of (NH4)4SiW12O40 Sponge Crystal
Authors: Matsuda Kaito , Kobayashi Yuto , Inoue Sayaka , Morita Yusuke , Ishikawa Tomoya , Uyama Takeshi , Shimono Akinori , Ito Takeru , Misono Makoto , Kamiya Yuichi , Inumaru Kei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pore structure of (NH4)4SiW12O40 sponge crystal was successfully elucidated by means of Ar adsorption isotherm analysis combined with molecular probe method and molecular modeling. The pores consist of spherical voids or “cages” with diameter of ca. 12 Å and these are connected by smaller “windows”. These “cages” and “windows” are clearly resolved in the pore size distribution analysis for the first time. Molecular probe method elucidated the diameter of the “windows” is larger than 8.5 Å and smaller than 10.2 Å, being consistent with molecular modeling.
Understanding Advaita: A Panikkarean Perspective for a Cross Cultural Journey.
Authors: Viswas K Maria Delasal 
Published: September 2021

In a world of fragmented approach and the loss of a holistic vision, an integrated view is called for to save the human community and at large the universe from many perils. One such integrated outlook germinates in Raimon Panikkar’s understanding of the most cherished Indian philosophical concept of advaita. The altogether different outlook he passes into the understanding of advaita – which is the main elaboration in this paper – takes the lead to various ramifications to see the reality in diversified manner and still with an undifferentiated unity. He highlights that the entities should be seen in their polarities and not in-themselves. This perspective leaps into the felt need for a cross-cultural journey which is an indispensable one at the current scenario of a pluralistic phenomenon and the availability of many options. Still, elaborating on the cross-cultural odyssey is not the objective here and therefore such an exposition does not have space here. The emphasis lies on the drive that pushes us for an interest into cross-cultural approach giving awareness that we can no more be isolated within an enclosure.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Constant-Flow Woodchip Bioreactors
Authors: Hartfiel Lindsey M. , Soupir Michelle L. , Rosentrater Kurt A. 
Published: September 2021

HighlightsTechno-economic analysis was performed for multiple scales of bioreactors operated under a variety of conditions.The unit cost decreased as the bioreactor size increased.The unit cost increased in bioreactors with longer HRTs and bypass flow due to reduced treatment capacity.One large bioreactor was more cost-effective than multiple smaller bioreactors.Abstract. Woodchip denitrification bioreactors are a relatively new, edge-of-field technology used to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) from subsurface tile drainage. The removal rate of nitrate is influenced by many factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The objective of this study was to conduct a techno-economic analysis (TEA) for four scales of woodchip denitrification bioreactors operating at three HRTs (2, 8, and 16 h), designed with bypass flow or with a low probability of bypass flow, to determine the cost to remove 1 kg of NO3-N at each bioreactor scale and at each HRT. Several assumptions were made: the flow rate required to achieve a 2 h HRT on a per m3 basis could be achieved at all scales, the same mass removal of NO3-N was achieved on a per cubic meter basis, and the 2 h HRT did not have any bypass flow at each scale. With these assumptions, the lowest unit cost was observed for the large-scale bioreactor sized to have a low probability of bypass flow at 16 h HRT, with a resulting cost of $0.74 kg-1 NO3-N removed. The highest unit cost was observed for the pilot-scale bioreactor designed with bypass flow to achieve a 16 h HRT at a cost of $60.13 kg-1 NO3-N removed. At longer HRTs with bypass flow, a greater percent removal of nitrate has been observed with a lower mass removal rate. By having a low probability of bypass flow in the design, a higher mass removal and percent removal of nitrate were observed, leading to the above results. Contrasting this trend, the total and annual costs were highest for the large-scale bioreactor and lowest for the pilot-scale bioreactor. However, it was determined that 783%, 280%, and 54% increases in total cost for the pilot-, small-, and medium-scale bioreactors would be incurred to implement the number of bioreactors (66, 24, and 4, respectively) required to treat the same volume of flow as one large bioreactor. These results can be used to inform future design decisions and inform stakeholders of the approximate unit cost of installing a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor over a range of expected field conditions. While a larger bioreactor with a low probability of bypass flow may represent a more cost-effective investment, the potential for unintended, negative byproducts needs to be considered in the design. Keywords: Denitrification, Nitrate, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.
Field Trials of a Self-Adjusting Seed Finger System to Improve Gin Turn-Out and Fiber Properties
Authors: Krajewski Andrzej , Gordon Stuart , Fox David 
Published: September 2021

HighlightsSeed roll density is dynamic and affected by the seed finger partition angle.At low and medium pressures, the system improved energy consumption, gin turn-out, and fiber quality.At low and medium pressures, the system improved energy consumption, gin turn-out, and fiberAbstract. Previously, we reported a prototype system whereby the position of the seed fingers in a saw gin could be adjusted continuously to affect the amount of residual lint on the ginned seed and provide more fiber (increased gin turn-out). The system combines partitioned seed fingers pivoted on a shaft that are controlled by electric actuators able to adjust the angular position of each seed finger partition according to the load exerted by the seed roll. That previous work noted that as the seed finger angle and load on the seed roll were increased, more residual lint was removed. Initial tests showed differences of up to 1.4% less residual lint with no impact on seed damage after the seed finger angle of the partitions was increased (in unison) to the maximum value. Following those findings, a dynamic feedback mechanism for automatically adjusting the seed finger partitions according to a relationship between the load applied by the seed roll and the seed finger angle was developed. In this article, we describe preliminary tests of the automatic mode (auto mode), i.e., the application of auto-modulating low (6°), medium (12°), and high (18°) loads to the seed roll in a commercial saw gin during seasonal production. The resulting effects on residual lint (turn-out), seed damage, and fiber quality in each mode were measured. The best results in terms of energy savings, reduced residual fiber on the ginned seed, seed damage, fiber length, and color grade were found when low (6°) to medium (12°) loads were applied across the seed roll. Keywords: Automation, Cotton, Ginning, Load sensor, Roll box, Seed finger, Seed roll.
L’exposició com a relat penúltim
Authors: Creus Castellana Maia 
Published: September 2021

Ressenya del llibre Pilar BONET JULVE (Ed.), La Mèdium i el poeta. Una conversa astral entre Josefa Tolrà i Joan Brossa, Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona - Fundació Joan Brossa, 2020, editat amb motiu de l’exposició presentada amb el mateix nom a la Fundació Brossa de Barcelona del 06.02 – 25.10.2020.
Saraceno y la araña: la figuración posthumana, entre reapropiaciones y derivas no antrópicas
Authors: Lucero Guadalupe 
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo nos proponemos realizar una lectura crítica de la obra reciente del artista argentino Tomás Saraceno, desde la perspectiva del materialismo posthumano. Contra gran parte de la crítica que ha señalado en esta obra un ejemplo de colaboración interespecie y una suerte de utopía que habilita nuevas formas de vida para un mundo por venir, nuestro objetivo es señalar cómo se reproduce en este ejemplo una lógica que hace de todo lo existente una cantera disponible para la extracción de recursos (materiales y simbólicos) teleológicamente destinados al existente humano. Acuñamos el término figuración posthumana para pensar alternativas no antrópicas que habiliten modos de ser imaginarios más allá de toda prerrogativa humana.
The journey to establishing an IT-infrastructure within the German Biobank Alliance
Authors: Schüttler Christina , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Hummel Michael , Lablans Martin , Kroll Björn , Engels Cäcilia ,   on behalf of the German Biobank Alliance IT development team
Published: September 2021

Background
Biobanks ensure the long-term storage and accessibility of biospecimens and corresponding data sets. Thus, they form the foundation for many research projects which may contribute to improving medical care. With the establishment of the German Biobank Node and Alliance, expertise in biobanking is bundled and strengthened. An important component within this research infrastructure is the set-up of an information technology (IT) network for allowing feasibility requests across individual biobanks.

Objective
We aim to describe relevant aspects that have shaped the journey to interconnect biobanks, to enhance their visibility within the research-community, to harmonize data, and to enable feasibility searches to support access to available data and biosamples.

Methods
To achieve this task, we resorted to a wide variety of methods: we ran a requirement analysis, decided on the mode of operation for the federated team of IT-developers and on the development approach itself, took related national and international initiatives into account, and concluded with evaluations of the developed software artefacts and the operation of the entire chain of applications.

Results
We drew an IT framework including all heterogeneous data aspects derived from our requirement analysis and developed a comprehensive IT infrastructure. The successful implementation benefited from a smooth interaction of a federated IT team distributed across all participating sites that was even able to manage a major technology change mid-project. Authentication and project management services from associated partners could be integrated and the graphic user interface for an intuitive search tool for biospecimens was designed iteratively. The developed code is open source to ensure sustainability and the local implementation is concluded and functioning. The evaluation of the components was positive.

Conclusions
The entire project had given ample opportunity for challenges, predictable and unpredictable—from the mode of operation to changing some of the initial ideas. We learned our lessons concerning personnel, budget planning and technical as well as manual monitoring as well as some requirements arising only during the process of the project. Nevertheless, we can here report a success story of a network infrastructure, highly agile and much easier in local installation than initially anticipated.
Measles antibody seropositivity among children with allergic diseases: A cross-sectional study in the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study
Authors: Saito-Abe Mayako , Yamamoto-Hanada Kiwako , Shoji Kensuke , Sato Miori , Irahara Makoto , Taniguchi Yu , Sekiyama Makiko , Mise Nathan , Ikegami Akihiko , Shimono Masayuki , Suga Reiko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Ohga Shouichi , Oda Masako , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Miyairi Isao , Ohya Yukihiro 
Published: September 2021

Background
The relationship between allergic individuals and their responsiveness to routine vaccines has rarely been investigated. This study examined whether the seroprevalence of measles antibody differed between children with and without allergic diseases in the general pediatric population.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was performed within a prospective general birth cohort (a pilot study of the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study [JECS]) of children aged 8 years. The clinical history of allergic diseases, measles, and the concentration of measles immunoglobulin G titers in serum enzyme immunoassay were examined. Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the relationships between the allergic characteristics of the children and their measles antibody positivity rates.

Results
This study included 162 children. Any allergic disease was reported in 75 (46.3%). The measles antibody positivity rate was 94.7% among children with any allergic diseases and 92.0% among children without allergic diseases. Our results revealed no differences in measles antibody seropositivity between children with allergies and controls.

Conclusions
Children with allergies mount and maintain a comparable immune response to the measles vaccine.
Learning linear non-Gaussian graphical models with multidirected edges
Authors: Liu Yiheng , Robeva Elina , Wang Huanqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new method to learn the underlying acyclic mixed graph of a linear non-Gaussian structural equation model with given observational data. We build on an algorithm proposed by Wang and Drton, and we show that one can augment the hidden variable structure of the recovered model by learningmultidirected edgesrather than only directed and bidirected ones. Multidirected edges appear when more than two of the observed variables have a hidden common cause. We detect the presence of such hidden causes by looking at higher order cumulants and exploiting the multi-trek rule. Our method recovers the correct structure when the underlying graph is a bow-free acyclic mixed graph with potential multidirected edges.
Examining the Potential Impacts of Social Vulnerability on Damage Levels in Areas Affected by Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Liew Hui-Peng , Eidem Nathan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To our knowledge, this is one of the pioneering studies that examined the associations between changes in different dimensions of social vulnerability from 2000 to 2016 on damage levels resulting from Hurricane Harvey. The empirical work was based on data obtained from the FEMA Modeled Building Damage Assessments Harvey 20170829 and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)’s Geospatial Research, Analysis & Services Program (GRASP). Results from linear mixed effects modeling and the spatial error and CAR models suggested that damage level was determined by certain aspects of social vulnerability; the level of damage increased with inundation depth, population aging, and the proportion of minority population. Efforts to promote resilience in natural disasters should focus on individuals living in areas characterized by increases in population aging and minority population. Results also revealed that certain processes associated with economic growth and urban development might affect an area’s resilience and susceptibility to natural disasters and the processes associated with disaster response and mitigation.