bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularity of SLE in $$(t,\kappa )$$ and refined GRR estimates
Authors: Friz Peter K. , Tran Huy , Yuan Yizheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSchramm–Loewner evolution ($$\hbox {SLE}_\kappa $$

SLE
κ

) is classically studied via Loewner evolution with half-plane capacity parametrization, driven by $$\sqrt{\kappa }$$

κ

times Brownian motion. This yields a (half-plane) valued random field $$\gamma = \gamma (t, \kappa ; \omega )$$

γ
=
γ
(
t
,
κ
;
ω
)

. (Hölder) regularity of in $$\gamma (\cdot ,\kappa ;\omega $$

γ
(
·
,
κ
;
ω

), a.k.a. SLE trace, has been considered by many authors, starting with Rohde and Schramm (Ann Math (2) 161(2):883–924, 2005). Subsequently, Johansson Viklund et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 159(3–4):413–433, 2014) showed a.s. Hölder continuity of this random field for $$\kappa < 8(2-\sqrt{3})$$

κ
<
8
(
2
-

3

)

. In this paper, we improve their result to joint Hölder continuity up to $$\kappa < 8/3$$

κ
<
8
/
3

. Moreover, we show that the SLE$$_\kappa $$

κ

trace $$\gamma (\cdot ,\kappa )$$

γ
(
·
,
κ
)

(as a continuous path) is stochastically continuous in $$\kappa $$
κ
at all $$\kappa \ne 8$$

κ
≠
8

. Our proofs rely on a novel variation of the Garsia–Rodemich–Rumsey inequality, which is of independent interest.
A critical analysis of the shortcomings in spatial frequency analysis of rainfall extremes based on homogeneous regions and a comparison with a hierarchical boundaryless approach
Authors: Deidda Roberto , Hellies Matteo , Langousis Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate and discuss limitations of the approach based on homogeneous regions (hereafter referred to as regional approach) in describing the frequency distribution of annual rainfall maxima in space, and compare its performance with that of a boundaryless approach. The latter is based on geostatistical interpolation of the at-site estimates of all distribution parameters, using kriging for uncertain data. Both approaches are implemented using a generalized extreme value theoretical distribution model to describe the frequency of annual rainfall maxima at a daily resolution, obtained from a network of 256 raingauges in Sardinia (Italy) with more than 30 years of complete recordings, and approximate density of 1 gauge per 100 km2. We show that the regional approach exhibits limitations in describing local precipitation features, especially in areas characterized by complex terrain, where sharp changes to the shape and scale parameters of the fitted distribution models may occur. We also emphasize limitations and possible ambiguities arising when inferring the distribution of annual rainfall maxima at locations close to the interface of contiguous homogeneous regions. Through implementation of a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, we evaluate and compare the performances of the regional and boundaryless approaches miming ungauged conditions, clearly showing the superiority of the boundaryless approach in describing local precipitation features, while avoiding abrupt changes of distribution parameters and associated precipitation estimates, induced by splitting the study area into contiguous homogeneous regions.
COVID-19 and air pollution in Vienna—a time series approach
Authors: Moshammer Hanns , Poteser Michael , Hutter Hans-Peter 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWe performed a time series analysis in Vienna, Austria, investigating the temporal association between daily air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2 and particulate matter smaller than 10 µm, PM10) concentration and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and death. Data covering about 2 months (March–April 2020) were retrieved from public databases. Infection risk was defined as the ratio between infected and infectious. In a separate sensitivity analysis different models were applied to estimate the number of infectious people per day. The impact of air pollution was assessed through a linear regression on the natural logarithm of infection risk. Risk of COVID-19 mortality was estimated by Poisson regression. Both pollutants were positively correlated with the risk of infection with the coefficient for NO2 being 0.032 and for PM10 0.014. That association was significant for the irritant gas (p = 0.012) but not for particles (p = 0.22). Pollutants did not affect COVID-19-related mortality. The study findings might have wider implications on an interaction between air pollution and infectious agents.
The role of radiotherapy in adult soft tissues sarcoma of the extremities
Authors: Cammelli Silvia , Cortesi Annalisa , Buwenge Milly , Zamagni Alice , Ferioli Martina , Ghigi Giulia , Romeo Antonino , Morganti Alessio G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLocal management of adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities has evolved over the past decades. Until the 1970s, radical surgery (amputations) was the standard therapeutic procedure resulting in significant physical and psychological morbidity for the patients. In the present era, limb sparing surgery combined with radiotherapy represents the current standard of care for high grade and > 5 cm STSs. This approach guarantees high local control rate and function preservation. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current evidence for RT in STSs of the extremities. Outcomes, technical details (techniques, timing, dose, volumes of treatment) and the emerging role of RT in the management of oligometastatic disease will be analysed. Finally, results of the recent clinical trials testing new scenarios in RT of STSs will be described.
Immunmediierte Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Lechner Christian , Höftberger Romana 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungImmunmediierte Bewegungsstörungen können entsprechend ihrer pathogenetischen Mechanismen in 1.) antikörpervermittelte, 2.) postinfektiöse bzw. infektiös getriggerte und 3.) paraneoplastische Bewegungsstörungen eingeteilt werden. Die erste Gruppe umfasst Patient*innen mit Antikörpern beispielsweise gegen NMDAR, LGI1, Caspr2, IgLON5, GAD65 und den Glycinrezeptor und präsentieren sich vornehmlich in Verbindung mit einer Autoimmunenzephalitis. Die Chorea Sydenham ist die prototypische postinfektiöse Bewegungsstörung. Infektiös getriggerte Bewegungsstörungen kommen im Rahmen eines PANS bzw. PANDAS vor. Bei einer paraneoplastischen Bewegungsstörung im Sinne eines Opsoklonus-Myoklonus-Syndroms steckt das klinische Bild schon im Namen.
The impact of intraoperative frozen section analysis on final resection margin status, recurrence, and patient outcome with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nentwig Katharina , Unterhuber Tobias , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Ritschl Lucas M. , Nieberler Markus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of intraoperative frozen section analysis (IFSA) of tumor bed margins in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods
This retrospective study includes 194 primary OSCC cases. The impact of intraoperative information by IFSA on final margin status, local recurrence, and disease-specific survival were analyzed.

Results
IFSA revealed a 50% sensitivity and a 100% specificity, with a positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 89.1%, respectively. In 19 cases, margins were rated positive by IFSA and remained positive in eight cases (42.1%), despite immediate re-resection. This constellation led to higher recurrence and lower survival rates than in cases with consecutive R0 status (each p = 0.046). Positive margins in IFSA were associated with closer final margins (p = 0.022) and early recurrences (p = 0.050).

Conclusions
Achieving instant R0 status has a crucial impact on disease recurrence and patient survival. IFSA falls short to ensure secure definite surgical margins. Thus, improved intraoperative diagnostic information on the location and extent of OSCC could support patient treatment.

Clinical relevance
Considering that patient survival has not improved despite progress in surgical and adjuvant therapy, the process and outcome of IFSA was scrutinized as one part of the treatment concept.
Meta-analysis Reveals Different Competition Effects on Tree Growth Resistance and Resilience to Drought
Authors: Castagneri Daniele , Vacchiano Giorgio , Hacket-Pain Andrew , DeRose R. Justin , Klein Tamir , Bottero Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrought will increasingly threaten forest ecosystems worldwide. Understanding how competition influences tree growth response to drought is essential for forest management aiming at climate change adaptation. However, published results from individual case studies are heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory. We reviewed 166 cases from the peer-reviewed literature to assess the influence of stand-level competition on tree growth response to drought. We monitored five indicators of tree growth response: mean sensitivity (inter-annual tree ring width variability); association between inter-annual growth variability and water availability; resistance; recovery; and resilience to drought. Vote counting did not indicate a consistent effect of competition on mean sensitivity. Conversely, higher competition for resources strengthened the association between water availability and inter-annual growth rates. Meta-analysis showed that higher competition reduced resistance (p < 0.001) and improved recovery (p < 0.05), but did not consistently affect resilience. Species, site and stand characteristics, and drought intensity were insignificant or poor predictors for the large variability among the investigated cases. Our review and meta-analysis show that competition does not affect the response of tree growth to drought in a unidirectional and universal way. Although density reduction (thinning) can alleviate growth declines during drought, the effects on growth after stress are uncertain. The large variability among investigated cases suggests that local-scale processes play a crucial role in determining such responses and should be explicitly evaluated and integrated into specific strategies for adaptation of forests to climate change.
Das (PR_E-)AUD2IT-Schema als Rückgrat für eine strukturierte Notfallversorgung und Dokumentation nichttraumatologischer kritisch kranker Schockraumpatienten
Authors: Gröning I. , Hoffmann F. , Biermann H. , Pin M. , Michael M. , Wasser C. , Kumle B. , Bernhard M. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungBei traumatologischen Schockraumpatienten ist die Versorgung seit vielen Jahren standardisiert und auf Basis von Algorithmen vereinheitlicht. Für das breite Spektrum der nichttraumatologischen Notfallpatienten fehlt eine solche einheitliche, übergeordnete Struktur bisher in der Schockraumversorgung. Zwar sind auch hier einzelne Algorithmen und Abläufe üblich und verbreitet, jedoch fehlt ein Gesamtkonzept für die gesamte Notfallversorgung, in das die bestehenden Akronyme eingebunden sind. Durch Vereinheitlichung von Untersuchungsschritten und Dokumentation in der Notfallmedizin könnten Fehler in der Behandlung von Notfallpatienten, verursacht durch Informationsverlust an den Schnittstellen, reduziert werden. Im Rahmen dieser konzeptionellen Arbeit wird daher ein standardisiertes und einfach zu erlernendes Konzept für die Behandlung in der Notfallmedizin vorgestellt. Das (PR_E-)AUD2IT-Schema beinhaltet folgende Phasen: P – Präparation, R – Ressourcen, „_“ – Pause (Team-Time-out) zur strukturierten Übergabe, E – Erstversorgung, A – Anamnese, U – Untersuchung, D2 – Differenzialdiagnosen/apparative Diagnostik, I – Interpretation und T – To-do. Um den Umgang mit zeitkritischen Notfällen nicht zu verzögern, soll dieses Konzept auch von unerfahrenen Mitarbeitern schnell und sicher angewendet werden können. Das (PR_E-)AUD2IT-Schema ist ein didaktisches Instrument zur Strukturierung und Gliederung einer Schockraumversorgung nichttraumatologisch kritisch kranker Patienten und ihrer Dokumentation.
Minimum marginal abatement cost curves (Mini-MAC) for CO2 emissions reduction planning
Authors: Lameh Mohammad , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M. , Linke Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe economic impact of CO2 emissions reduction requirements demands strategic planning to identify low-cost CO2 mitigation pathways from combinations of the many available CO2 emissions reduction options. Different tools have been developed to plan minimal cost CO2 reduction pathways taking into consideration various options such as CO2 capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS), shifting from fossil to renewable energy sources, as well as adopting sector-specific low emissions technologies. Current methods used to support strategic planning include high-level tools that cannot account for many possible options or fail to incorporate cost objective, and complex optimization approaches that are capable of identifying detailed low-cost solutions yet are demanding to use and often yield complex solutions in terms of processing schemes that are not easily understood by strategic planners. To address these limitations, a simple and clear methodology is proposed that allows to determine minimum cost CO2 reduction pathways from the rich set of available options. The novel methodology employs an algebraic targeting technique that yields minimum marginal abatement cost (Mini-MAC) curves to clearly represent the low-cost CO2 emissions reduction pathway available. The application of the methodology is illustrated with an example to develop minimum cost emissions reduction pathways considering CCUS, power shifting options, and negative emissions technologies. The benefits of the proposed Mini-MAC curves over alternative methods stem from their richness in terms of assessing CCUS, energy management options, and various integration options. Further, the clarity of the proposed Mini-MAC curves enables planners to easily understand available minimum cost pathways when developing strategies aimed at achieving low-cost CO2 emissions reduction.
Graphical abstract
Using Virtual Reality to Enhance Food Technology Education
Authors: Gorman Daniel , Hoermann Simon , Lindeman Robert W. , Shahri Bahareh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of Virtual Reality (VR) technology combined with 360-degree images and videos provide an opportunity for teachers to bring students into the classroom even when they are located somewhere else. During the COVID-19 lockdown and pandemic, with students across the world forced into home-based learning via remote teaching, a VR classroom shows potential as a tool for adding depth to their learning. The possibility of immersing students in a virtual environment could provide an answer to motivation and engagement issues for today’s students as well as a solution to some of the current constraints faced by teachers. In particular, VR has the potential to increase the time students are able to spend in (virtual) environments that are suitable for teaching and learning practical skills. With the cost of VR equipment reducing rapidly and the increasing quality of virtual experiences, it appears VR is on the tipping-point of becoming a regular part of school programmes.This article outlines the development and testing of a VR Classroom for the delivery of a food-based lesson with middle school students in a New Zealand school. Kitchens are a costly commodity for schools and the obvious health and safety issues make teaching practical cooking skills challenging. With a focus on student engagement and motivation, data is collected from observation of students using the virtual classroom and a post-test survey. Results show that students were highly motivated and perceived the VR classroom as fun to use.
3D bioprinting of cardiac tissue: current challenges and perspectives
Authors: Kato Brian , Wisser Gary , Agrawal Devendra K. , Wood Tim , Thankam Finosh G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDemand for donor hearts has increased globally due to cardiovascular diseases. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has been aimed at creating clinically viable cardiac constructs for the management of myocardial infarction (MI) and associated complications. Advances in 3D bioprinting show promise in aiding cardiac tissue repair following injury/infarction and offer an alternative to organ transplantation. This article summarizes the basic principles of 3D bioprinting and recent attempts at reconstructing functional adult native cardiac tissue with a focus on current challenges and prospective strategies.
Exploring Science Identity Development of Women in Physics and Physical Sciences in Higher Education
Authors: Eren Ebru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates women’s science identity development in physics and the physical sciences in higher education through a gender perspective. It arises from the real-life sociological issue of women’s lower level of participation in physics and physical sciences in Ireland, where the gender gap is the highest of all science disciplines, according to the Higher Education Authority (HEA) reports of recent years. Twenty-nine undergraduate, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers from four Dublin universities were interviewed to achieve an in-depth understanding of gender and science issues from their standpoints. The focus was on how they constitute their identities as a ‘scientist’ in relation to their gender. The result of this study illustrates a variety of possible science identity constitutions of women both from an individual and collective identity perspective. Understanding women’s science identity development help brings a general view about developing a more welcoming and flexible science culture for individuals who think they do not fit well or who are left outside of the certain prevailing norms in the scientific climate. It also can allow seeking a way of challenging and changing the predominant culture and the prevailing masculine norms in doing science.
Large eddy simulation of dispersion of hazardous materials released from a fire accident around a cubical building
Authors: Vasilopoulos Konstantinos , Lekakis Ioannis , Sarris Ioannis E. , Tsoutsanis Panagiotis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe turbulent smoke dispersion from a pool fire around a cubical building is studied using large eddy simulation at a high Reynolds number, corresponding to existing experimental measurements both in laboratory and field test scales. Emphasis of this work is on the smoke dispersion due to two different fuel pool fire accident scenarios, initiated behind the building. For the setup of fire in the first case, crude oil was used with a heat release rate of 7.8 MW, and in the second, diesel oil with a heat release rate of 13.5 MW. It is found that in both fire scenarios, the downstream extent of the toxic zone is approximately the same. This is explained in terms of the fact that the smoke concentration and dispersion are influenced mainly by the convective buoyant forces and the strong turbulence mixing processes within the wake zone of the building. It is suggested that wind is the dominating factor in these accident scenarios, which represent the conditions resulting in the highest toxicity levels.
A comprehensive bibliometric overview: antibiotic resistance and Escherichia coli in natural water
Authors: Şahin Semanur , Sivri Nüket , Akpinar Isil , Çinçin Zeynep Birsu , Sönmez Vildan Zülal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe environment is the most important reservoir for both resistance mechanisms and gene transfer in biological science studies. This study gives a bibliometric overview of studies of “antibiotic resistance” and “Escherichia coli” in the field of “Agricultural and Biological Sciences” from 2015 to 2019 to assess both research trends and scholarly networks in diverse research disciplines. The two keywords of “antibiotic resistance” and “Escherichia coli” were selected to search in the Scopus database. Each review article was categorized into materials, natural waters (i.e., seawater, freshwater) and wastewater, journal name, and quartile in category of the journal, the year of publication, and the country. Bibliometric indicators and visualization maps were utilized to analyse the retrieved data quantitatively and qualitatively. A total of 1376 publications in the field of agricultural and biological sciences over the last 5 years were obtained using the keywords of antibiotic resistance and Escherichia coli. With additional keywords of freshwater and wastewater, 4 and 24 studies were obtained, respectively. Wastewater was found to be the most common working environment for the keywords of antibiotic resistance and Escherichia coli. It is also found that the studies of antibiotic resistance are mainly conducted in wastewater environments, focusing on human and food health. Working under “One Health” consisting of human, animal and agriculture, and environmental health could be the only permanent and effective approach to solving antibiotic resistance-related issues.
The farm effect revisited: from β-lactoglobulin with zinc in cowshed dust to its application
Authors: Mayerhofer Hanna , Pali-Schöll Isabella 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Background
Numerous factors such as microbiota and their products are discussed in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and the associated allergy-preventive farm effect. Besides inhalation of dust from farms, consumption of raw milk also counteracts the development of asthma and allergies. Since cattle barns and cow’s milk in particular have been described as effective, the involvement of a bovine protein seems likely. β‑Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major protein in milk and, as a member of the lipocalin family, has an intramolecular pocket that allows binding to hydrophobic ligands.

Results
Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that unloaded BLG promotes the development of allergy, while loaded, so-called holo-BLG, prevents allergies. BLG associated with zinc could also be detected in stable dust and ambient air of cattle farms.

Conclusion
It seems obvious that in addition to microbes and their products, holo-BLG also plays an important role in the protective farm effect. Therefore, in a newly developed lozenge for dietary management of allergies, based on the farm effect, zinc attached to holo-BLG is one of the key ingredients.
AA5083 (Al–Mg) plates produced by wire-and-arc additive manufacturing: effect of specimen orientation on microstructure and tensile properties
Authors: Tonelli Lavinia , Laghi Vittoria , Palermo Michele , Trombetti Tomaso , Ceschini Lorella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmong various additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most suitable for the production of large-scale metallic components, also suggesting possible applications in the construction field. Several research activities have been devoted to the WAAM of steels and titanium alloys and, recently, the application of WAAM to aluminum alloys has also been explored. This paper presents the microstructural and mechanical characterization of WAAM plates produced using a commercial ER 5183 aluminum welding wire. The aim is to evaluate the possible anisotropic behavior under tensile stress of planar elements, considering three different extraction directions in relation to the deposition layer: longitudinal (L), transversal (T) and diagonal (D). Compositional, morphological, microstructural and fractographic analyses were carried out to relate the specific microstructural features induced by WAAM to the tensile properties. An anisotropic behavior was found in regard to the specimen orientation, with the lowest strength and ductility found on T specimens. Reasoning to this was found in the presence of microstructural discontinuities unfavorably oriented with regard to the tensile direction. The results of tensile tests also highlighted an overall good mechanical behavior, comparable to that of conventional AA5083-O sheets, suggesting future use in the realization of very complex geometries and optimized shapes for lightweight structural applications.