bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation of anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy in advanced melanoma—Outcomes of daily clinical practice
Authors: van Zeijl Michiel C. T. , van den Eertwegh Alfons J. M. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , de Wreede Liesbeth C. , Aarts Maureen J. B. , van den Berkmortel Franchette W. P. J. , de Groot Jan‐Willem B. , Hospers Geke A. P. , Kapiteijn Ellen , Piersma Djura , van Rijn Rozemarijn S. , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P. M. , ten Tije Albert J. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , van der Hoeven Jacobus J. M. , Haanen John B. A. G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is no consensus on the optimal treatment duration of anti‐PD‐1 for advanced melanoma. The aim of our study was to gain insight into the outcomes of anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation, the association of treatment duration with progression and anti‐PD‐1 re‐treatment in relapsing patients. Analyses were performed on advanced melanoma patients in the Netherlands who discontinued first‐line anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy in the absence of progressive disease (n = 324). Survival was estimated after anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation and with a Cox model the association of treatment duration with progression was assessed. At the time of anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation, 90 (28%) patients had a complete response (CR), 190 (59%) a partial response (PR) and 44 (14%) stable disease (SD). Median treatment duration for patients with CR, PR and SD was 11.2, 11.5 and 7.2 months, respectively. The 24‐month progression‐free survival and overall survival probabilities for patients with a CR, PR and SD were, respectively, 64% and 88%, 53% and 82%, 31% and 64%. Survival outcomes of patients with a PR and CR were similar when anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation was not due to adverse events. Having a PR at anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation and longer time to first response were associated with progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.81 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.11‐2.97) and HR = 1.10 (95% CI = 1.02‐1.19; per month increase)]. In 17 of the 27 anti‐PD‐1 re‐treated patients (63%), a response was observed. Advanced melanoma patients can have durable remissions after (elective) anti‐PD‐1 discontinuation.
How do age and social environment affect the dynamics of death hazard and survival in patients with breast or gynecological cancer in France?
Authors: Poiseuil Marie , Tron Laure , Woronoff Anne‐Sophie , Trétarre Brigitte , Dabakuyo‐Yonli Tienhan Sandrine , Fauvernier Mathieu , Roche Laurent , Dejardin Olivier , Molinié Florence , Launoy Guy ,   French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM)
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the association between net survival (NS) and social inequalities in people with cancer, highlighting a varying influence of deprivation depending on the type of cancer studied. However, few of these studies have accounted for the effect of social inequalities over the follow‐up period, and/or according to the age of the patients. Thus, using recent and more relevant statistical models, we investigated the effect of social environment on NS in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France. The data were derived from population‐based cancer registries, and women diagnosed with breast or gynecological cancer between 2006 and 2009 were included. We used the European deprivation index (EDI), an aggregated index, to define the social environment of the women included. Multidimensional penalized splines were used to model excess mortality hazard. We observed a significant effect of the EDI on NS in women with breast cancer throughout the follow‐up period, and especially at 1.5 years of follow‐up in women with cervical cancer. Regarding corpus uteri and ovarian cancer patients, the effect of deprivation on NS was less pronounced. These results highlight the impact of social environment on NS in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France thanks to a relevant statistical approach, and identify the follow‐up periods during which the social environment may have a particular influence. These findings could help investigate targeted actions for each cancer type, particularly in the most deprived areas, at the time of diagnosis and during follow‐up.
FIGO good practice recommendations on progestogens for prevention of preterm delivery
Authors: Shennan Andrew , Suff Natalie , Leigh Simpson Joe , Jacobsson Bo , Mol Ben W. , Grobman William A. ,   the FIGO Working Group for Preterm Birth
Published: September 2021

AbstractWomen at high risk of preterm birth (either a previous spontaneous preterm birth and/or sonographic short cervix) with a singleton gestation should be offered daily vaginal progesterone or weekly 17‐OHPC treatment to prevent preterm birth. Benefit is most significant in those with prior history of preterm birth and a short cervix. For women with a previous spontaneous preterm birth and a cervix ≥30 mm the effectiveness of progesterone is uncertain. In asymptomatic women with no prior history of previous preterm birth, no mid‐trimester loss, or no short cervical length, progesterone therapy is not recommended for the prevention of preterm birth. For those with unselected multiple pregnancies, progesterone therapy is not recommended for the prevention of preterm birth. Daily vaginal progesterone or weekly 17‐OHPC treatment can be used for the prevention of preterm birth. The preparation used should be decided by the woman and her clinician. There is no evidence of neurological or developmental benefit or harm in babies whose mothers use progestogens for preterm birth prevention antenatally.
Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in biological samples of pregnant women infected with COVID‐19: A prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Khoiwal Kavita , Kalita Deepjyoti , Dhundi Deepika , Kumari Reena , Shankar Ravi , Gaurav Amrita , Bahadur Anupama , Chaturvedi Jaya 
Published: September 2021

SynopsisSARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in the vaginal and cervical fluid, amniotic fluid, cord blood, placental membranes, and breastmilk of pregnant women, therefore suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission.
Subjective housing stability in the transition away from homelessness
Authors: Frederick Tyler , Vitopoulos Nina , Leon Scott , Kidd Sean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHousing stability is a complex concept to measure. One set of factors under consideration are those based on a personal or subjective sense of stability. We explore the variables associated with subjective stability and explore how subjective stability relates to housing stability across time. We use data from longitudinal, mixed methods research with 85 young people exiting homelessness. We find that subjective stability is a meaningful construct that can be validated through qualitative and quantitative data. The construct is primarily linked to indicators of environmental and social wellbeing. Subjective stability is also one of the only variables with a significant relationship to T2 housing stability. Qualitative analysis is used to explore these relationships in more detail. We conclude that subjective stability can provide holistic insight into the complex life circumstances influencing housing stability. However, this strength introduces complexity in that subjective stability appears to be developed in comparison with past experiences, as well as feelings of forward momentum on goals beyond housing.
Dynamic alterations of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 at ADAM17 and Jagged‐1 gene promoters cause an inflammatory switch of endothelial cells
Authors: Katakia Yash T. , Thakkar Niyati P. , Thakar Sumukh , Sakhuja Ashima , Goyal Raghav , Sharma Harshita , Dave Rakshita , Mandloi Ayushi , Basu Sayan , Nigam Ishan , Kuncharam Bhanu V. R. , Chowdhury Shibasish , Majumder Syamantak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistone protein modifications control the inflammatory state of many immune cells. However, how dynamic alteration in histone methylation causes endothelial inflammation and apoptosis is not clearly understood. To examine this, we explored two contrasting histone methylations; an activating histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and a repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in endothelial cells (EC) undergoing inflammation. Through computer‐aided reconstruction and 3D printing of the human coronary artery, we developed a unique model where EC were exposed to a pattern of oscillatory/disturbed flow as similar to in vivo conditions. Upon induction of endothelial inflammation, we detected a significant rise in H3K4me3 caused by an increase in the expression of SET1/COMPASS family of H3K4 methyltransferases, including MLL1, MLL2, and SET1B. In contrast, EC undergoing inflammation exhibited truncated H3K27me3 level engendered by EZH2 cytosolic translocation through threonine 367 phosphorylation and an increase in the expression of histone demethylating enzyme JMJD3 and UTX. Additionally, many SET1/COMPASS family of proteins, including MLL1 (C), MLL2, and WDR5, were associated with either UTX or JMJD3 or both and such association was elevated in EC upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Dynamic enrichment of H3K4me3 and loss of H3K27me3 at Notch‐associated gene promoters caused ADAM17 and Jagged‐1 derepression and abrupt Notch activation. Conversely, either reducing H3K4me3 or increasing H3K27me3 in EC undergoing inflammation attenuated Notch activation, endothelial inflammation, and apoptosis. Together, these findings indicate that dynamic chromatin modifications may cause an inflammatory and apoptotic switch of EC and that epigenetic reprogramming can potentially improve outcomes in endothelial inflammation‐associated cardiovascular diseases.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of cachexia among older patients with cancer: a nationwide cross‐sectional survey (NutriAgeCancer)
Authors: Poisson Johanne , Martinez‐Tapia Claudia , Heitz Damien , Geiss Romain , Albrand Gilles , Falandry Claire , Gisselbrecht Mathilde , Couderc Anne‐Laure , Boulahssass Rabia , Liuu Evelyne , Boudou‐Rouquette Pascaline , Chah Wakilian Anne , Gaxatte Cedric , Pamoukdjian Fréderic , de Decker Laure , Antoine Valery , Cattenoz Catherine , Solem‐Laviec Heidi , Guillem Olivier , Medjenah Hayat , Natella Pierre André , Canouï‐Poitrine Florence , Laurent Marie , Paillaud Elena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutritional impairment is common in cancer patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Only few studies focused on cachexia. We assessed the prevalence of cachexia in older cancer patients, identified associated risk factors, and evaluated its impact on 6 month overall mortality.MethodsA French nationwide cross‐sectional survey (performed in 55 geriatric oncology clinics) of older cancer patients aged ≥70 referred for geriatric assessment prior to treatment choice and initiation. Demographic, clinical, and nutritional data were collected. The first outcome was cachexia, defined as loss of more than 5% of bodyweight over the previous 6 months, or a body mass index below 20 kg/m2 with weight loss of more than 2%, or sarcopenia (an impaired Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from chair, Climb stairs and Falls score) with weight loss of more than 2%. The second outcome was 6 month overall mortality.ResultsOf the 1030 patients included in the analysis [median age (interquartile range): 83 (79–87); males: 48%; metastatic cancer: 42%; main cancer sites: digestive tract (29%) and breast (16%)], 534 [52% (95% confidence interval: 49–55%)] had cachexia. In the multivariate analysis, patients with breast (P < 0.001), gynaecologic (P < 0.001), urinary (P < 0.001), skin (P < 0.001), and haematological cancers (P = 0.006) were less likely to have cachexia than patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancers (including liver and pancreatic cancers; P = 0.052), with previous surgery for cancer (P = 0.001), with metastases (P = 0.047), poor performance status (≥2; P < 0.001), low food intake (P < 0.001), unfeasible timed up‐and‐go test (P = 0.002), cognitive disorders (P = 0.03) or risk of depression (P = 0.005), were more likely to have cachexia. At 6 months, 194 (20.5%) deaths were observed. Cachexia was associated with 6 month mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.11) independently of age, in/outpatient status, cancer site, metastatic status, cancer treatment, dependency, cognition, and number of daily medications.ConclusionsMore than half of older patients with cancer managed in geriatric oncology clinics had cachexia. The factors associated with cachexia were upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, metastases, poor performance status, poor mobility, previous surgery for cancer, cognitive disorders, a risk of depression, and low food intake. Cachexia was independently associated with 6 month mortality.
The assessment cycle: Insights from a systematic literature review on broadening participation in engineering and computer science
Authors: Holloman Teirra K. , Lee Walter C. , London Jeremi S. , Hawkins Ash Chaneé D. , Watford Bevlee A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the field of engineering education, assessment and evaluation have been given insufficient attention as they relate to broadening participation. We posit that this lack of attention negatively impacts our ability to develop and implement sustainable solutions at scale.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the presence of an assessment cycle in the literature related to broadening participation in engineering. The assessment cycle refers to the process by which assessment/evaluation is planned, enacted, and used to improve educational processes.Scope/MethodThe scope of this study was influenced by it being situated in a larger study focused on broadening participation of Black Americans in engineering and computer science. We completed a literature map that illuminated a subset of literature broadly related to assessment/evaluation, and subsequently conducted a systematic literature review of 33 publications reporting on assessment/evaluation efforts. Our analysis of these efforts was grounded in a six‐stage assessment cycle.ResultsThe results of this study highlight common publishing practices related to the assessment cycle in the context of broadening participation. We find that assessment/evaluation is generally published at the program level, focused on student development or academic success as a proxy for program effectiveness, and concentrated on positive claims.ConclusionThere is room to significantly improve how assessment/evaluation information is published. By highlighting productive and unproductive publishing practices related to assessment/evaluation, this research has important implications for the use and publishing of assessment/evaluation, particularly as it relates to broadening participation in engineering.
An empirical analysis of the effect of tobacco taxation on economic growth in 38 African countries
Authors: Immurana Mustapha , Boachie Micheal Kofi , Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba , Oware Kofi Mintah , K.K. Toby Joseph Mathew , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Yusif Hadrat Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobally, tobacco use claims millions of lives every year. This has necessitated policy responses including tax measures aimed at reducing the consumption of tobacco. Nonetheless, opponents of tobacco taxation posit that, it may hurt economic growth. This study, therefore, examines the effect of tobacco taxation on economic growth in 38 African countries from 2008 to 2018. The system generalised method of moments (GMM) regression is used as the estimation technique. The findings show that, tobacco taxation enhances economic growth both in the short‐ and long‐run periods, especially, through its effect on population health. Thus, African governments should be confident when increasing tobacco tax because, it has an added advantage of propelling economic growth.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Nocardiopsis sp.‐MW279108 and its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Abada Emad , Galal Tarek , Ismail Ismail 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe utilization of microorganisms like bacteria in the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted widespread attention due to their ability to synthesize different shape sizes, states, and morphology nanoparticles. In the current study, the green synthesis of AgNPs by Nocardiopsis sp. 16S ribosomal RNA analysis was used to characterize the Nocardiopsis sp. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized through multi‐instrument platforms such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was determined by the agar plate diffusion method. The UV‐Vis absorbance analysis of the synthesized AgNPs has a significant absorbance at 384 nm, confirming the AgNPs' surface plasmon resonance. The SEM and TEM characterizations indicate that the particle size ranges from 2 to 10 nm and is spherical. Additionally, the FTIR spectra revealed bands from 476 to 3819cm−1, respectively. The XRD planes study pronounced strong bands ranging are between 111 and 311 corresponding to cubic face‐center of the silver. Also, the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs indicated the biogenic AgNPs could control the growth of the clinical isolates. The AgNPs produced by Nocardiopsis sp. supernatant could be used in different nanomedicinal applications.
The world's longest known parallel temperature dataset: A comparison between daily Glaisher and Stevenson screen temperature data at Adelaide, Australia, 1887–1947
Authors: Ashcroft Linden , Trewin Blair , Benoy Mac , Ray Darren , Courtney Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeather observing stations are subject to changes in instrumentation, location and surrounding environment over time. Parallel observations between old and new conditions are therefore vital to ensure that a reliable dataset can be built and used for long‐term climate analysis. Here, we examine the world's longest known sets of parallel temperature observations: daily data for Adelaide, South Australia, recorded using two different thermometer screens for 60 years from 1887 to 1947. These data are globally significant for their length and completeness, but the daily observations in the Glaisher stand have only recently been digitized for analysis. We find maximum temperatures recorded in the Glaisher stand are warmer than the Stevenson screen observations, with the difference increasing with absolute temperature, while minimum temperatures recorded in the Glaisher stand are consistently slightly cooler. These differences are similar to those identified using monthly means, as well as other studies of shorter datasets. However, the daily resolution enabled us to identify periods of inconsistent relationships due to changes in observations times (particularly from 1938 onwards), and quantify the differences during extreme events. In particular, percentile analysis revealed that the differences for extremely high temperatures are only slightly greater than the average difference during the warmer months. The data provide an opportunity to attempt the development of 160‐year continuous daily temperature record for one of the oldest colonial cities in the Southern Hemisphere. As expected, we find temperatures in recent decades to be the highest since 1859, although the Glaisher stand maximum temperature data in the 1860s are notably warm, likely due to dry conditions and persistent inhomogeneities. While the relationships we have identified cannot be applied to other 19th century Glaisher stand observations without careful metadata examination, they provide a possible tool for analysis and re‐examination of historical mid‐latitude temperature observations elsewhere around the world.
A new model for the calculation of homogeneously broadened Raman spectral bandwidths and bandshapes
Authors: Jakubek Ryan S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRaman spectral bandwidths and bandshapes can provide detailed information on the physics and chemistry of a sample. The Raman band reported by a spectrometer (observed Raman band [ORB]) is a result of contributions from the true, intrinsic Raman band (IRB) and the spectrometer slit function. To obtain the IRB spectral width and shape, the effects of the spectrometer slit function must be removed from the ORB by measuring the spectrometer slit function and modeling the ORB as a convolution of the IRB and slit function. Though this model has proven to be useful, it is not based on physical parameters of the measurement and is limited. Thus, new ways to model Raman bandshape and bandwidth are needed. I previously developed a new method of modeling Raman bands using spectrometer geometric optics to examine the dependence of Raman band intensity on slit width. The model calculates the intensity of the ORB from the contributions of a continuum of dispersed slit functions. Here, I extend the use of this model for examining ORB spectral widths and shapes. I show that the model produces the same result as the convolution model when using Lorentzian Raman and Gaussian slit functions, confirming the validity of the model. However, in contrast to the convolution model, the new model is based on spectrometer geometric optics allowing one to account for various optical effects when modeling Raman spectra. This is demonstrated by modeling the effects of slit width on the Raman spectrum. I use the model to provide a detailed, physical understanding of the effects of slit width and IRB width on Raman bandshapes.
Food system resilience thinking: from digital to integral
Authors: Brassesco María Emilia , Pintado Manuela , Coscueta Ezequiel R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current food system is directly influenced by the increase in environmental problems and nutritional inequality globally. Financial and political collapses, health crises, excessive urbanization, and rapid industrialization are some of the principal factors threatening the food supply's security. The food system needs a profound transformation to avoid ecosystem destabilization and a global food crisis. Concerning this transformation, we are certain that the first step for a successful food system change is global resilience thinking. To reach an integrated food system, we proposed introducing the resilient concept linked with other known concepts, such as circular economy and sustainability. A resilient food system can recover over time, ensuring the supply of sustainable and quality food and access to all. This would mean redesigning the value chains in the food system, re‐educating consumers to implement a healthier diet, and introducing technology such as digital innovation. Re‐evaluating these relevant points, redesigning the focus of the food system, not only for economic efficiency but also including significant trade‐offs, or valuing other services in the food system, are essential to reaching the desired resilience. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.