bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voiding cystourethrography in children: spectrum of findings with clinical correlation
Authors: Mostafa Abdalla Samy Salem , Ragheb Samar Ramzy , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a gold standard diagnostic tool in the detection of lower urinary tract structural abnormalities in children.

Objective
To study the spectrum of different urinary tract abnormalities that could be detected in pediatric patients who underwent VCUG.

Methods
A retrospective study was carried at pediatric radiology unit Ain Shams university hospitals, starting from March 2019 till September 2019. Spectrum of findings were quantified in relation to patients’ symptoms. The number of true acquisitions and fluoroscopic frames, as well as the time of examination, were used as an indicator for radiation dose exposure.

Results
Out of 134 patients who were included in our study and underwent VCUG, the majority was males (n = 85, 63.4%) and patients who had more than 24 months and less than 216 months with median (IQR) 72 (48-108)months being (n = 82, 61.2%). We found that half of the cases had abnormal VCUG findings (n = 67, 50%). The most common abnormality was vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (n = 38, 28.4%) followed by bladder abnormalities (n = 14, 10.5%).The commonest presented complaint was urinary tract infection symptoms (n = 58, 43.3%). Infants below 24 months of age showed more abnormal findings than older children. Males showed more abnormal findings than females. High-grade VUR (IV-V) was more frequent than low grade. Both recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and bladder abnormalities were found to be strong predictors for VUR (p = 0.019 and 0.013, respectively). The median (IQR) of static films within patients who had abnormal VCUG findings was greater than the median (IQR) of static films within patients who had normal VCUG findings being 7.0 (7.0 – 8.0) versus 6.0 (5.0 – 7.0), respectively with a significant statistically difference (F = 6.571, p = 0.011).

Conclusion
VCUG can detect different lower urinary abnormalities in children. VUR is the commonest encountered finding during VCUG, especially among patients with recurrent UTI.
Efficacy of Ligamentotaxis for Thoracic and Lumbar Traumatic Fractures and Factors Influence Outcome
Authors: Ghobashy Mohamed A , Hamad Ahmed M , Hefni Sameh M , Elsayed Ahmed R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Traumatic thoracic and lumbar fractures are very common specially in the thoracolumbar junction and the most common causes are road traffic accidents and falling from height.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate efficacy of ligamentotaxis in thoracic and lumbar compressed and burst spine fractures using intact posterior longitudinal ligament and factors affect its outcome without anterior vertebral decompression through repositioning retropulsed segments, restoring vertebral height.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 20 patients (with Non-propability convenience sample) with traumatic thoracic and lumbar spine fractures with intact posterior longitudinal ligament in El-maadi military hospital, Ain Shams university hospital during the period of 2017-2018.

Results
The most common postoperative complication was infection in 5 % of patients and CSF leakage infection in 5 % of patients.

Conclusion
The outcome in the study were successful in 95% of patients as reduction of retropulsed part occurred by the intact posterior longitudinal ligament.
Correlation between Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Disease Activity in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Abouelregal Aya Raafat , Mahmoud Alaa Fathy , Eliwa Tamer Fahmy , Naguib Karim Magdi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe irreversible visual impairment worldwide. The disease has a deep impact on the quality of life of affected person and represents a major socioeconomic challenge. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a rapidly progressing disease which impacts central vision. It is responsible for 90% of cases of AMD associated severe vision loss. Choroidal thicknening is hypothesized to occur in the active phase of neovascular AMD. On the other hand, multiple studies reported progressive choroidal thinning in nAMD.

Aim
to study the correlation between choroidal thickness, and the activity of choroidal neovascularization in cases of neovascular (wet) Age related macular degeneration using Spectral domain Ocular coherence tomography.

Methodology
Our study included 33 eyes of 30 participants subdivided into neovascular AMD group (23 eyes of 20 patients), and age matched control group (10 eyes of 10 participants). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Avanti RTVue XR AngioVue OCT (Optovue Inc, Fremont, USA) was used to measure central foveal thickness (CFT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) after conduction of complete ocular examination and history taking.

Results
Our study shows a significant decrease in subfoveal choroidal thickness in neovascular AMD group (157.82 + 68.67 µm) when compared to the age matched control group (266.9+ 48.37 µm) with (P value &lt;0.001). But, we found no clinically significant difference in SFCT between active CNV (179.23 + 64.36 µm) and inactive CNV groups (136.4 + 72.97 µm) (P value = 0.19).

Conclusion
there is a significant thinning of choroid in nAMD in comparison to control. But no statistically significant difference in SFCT between active and inactive choroidal neovascular groups.
Evaluation of daily changes of Intraocular pressure in glaucomatous patients with modified diurnal tension curve versus water drinking test
Authors: Ahmed Eman Sayed , Abdelshafik Mohammed Adel , Hamdi Momen Mahmoud , Mahmoud Noha Mohsen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by the excavation of the optic disc due to atrophy of the retinal ganglion cells. A progression of such atrophy leads to reduction of the visual field and eventually to the loss of sight at the end-stage of the disease, Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide

Objectives
To study the correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation during water drinking test (WDT) and the IOP fluctuation of modified diurnal tension curve (mDTC) in glaucomatous eyes

Patients and Methods
Fifty participants (24 males and 26 females) were recruited in this prospective study; forty participants with known Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and the other ten participants with non- glaucomatous healthy eyes which served as control. Patients attending the outpatient clinic at Al-Demerdash Hospital and Cairo Fatemic Hospital from October 2018 to March 2019 were prospectively recruited. Four IOP measurements were taken at 8:00 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm which represented the mDTC, while WDT was represented by a single measurement of IOP before ingestion of one liter of water over five minutes, followed by three IOP measurements after ingestion of this amount of water at thirty minute intervals.

Results
Distribution of the studied participants as regards Age and sex: 50 participants were included in the this study. 40 presented the case group (20 males and 20 females) and the mean age of the case group was 54.7 years, 10 presented the control group(4 males and 6 females) and the mean age of the control group was 51.2years. 59% of participants had a peak IOP at 8:00 am, while 10% had a peak IOP at 12:00 pm, 6% at 4:00 pm and 25% of the participants had IOP peak at 8:00 pm during the mDTC. In the WDT, 96% of the participants had a peak IOP after 30 minutes of ingesting one liter of water, while 4% had a peak IOP after 60 minutes. None of the participants had IOP peak after 90 minutes of ingesting one liter of water.. The IOP fluctuations detected during the WDT were significantly correlated to fluctuations observed during the mDTC.

Conclusion
The data of this study suggested that WDT can be used as a useful provocative test for the detection of the diurnal IOP peaks and fluctuation observed in the glaucoma patients.
Study on Ocular Diseases in Ain Shams University New Medical Students and Its Value on Future Subspecialty
Authors: Ramadan EsraaA , Rashad Mohammad A , Salman Abd el Rahman G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Our aim is to study ocular diseases in symptomless and symptomatic newly admitted medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University. The study included 304 new medical students of class 2015 and 2016 who were randomly selected upon admission to college on October 2015 and October 2016 and who agreed to participate in this study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation including detailed history and unaided visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination and assessment of binocular vision by titmus test.

Results
301 students (99.0%) have normal gross stereopsis and (1.0%) have no gross stereopsis using Titmus fly test. Fine stereopsis among studied group ranged from 0-9 (800-40 sec of arc) which was the ability to define the circles in titmus test but with mean of 7.29 ± 2.33(i.e. mean stereopsis was 60 sec of arc). Anisometropia was found in 32/304 (10.5%) of total population and 32/169 (18.9%) of total number students with refractive errors, 10 students were males and 22 students were females. Myopia was the commonest refractive error (51.90%).

Conclusion
Normal vision is integral to an individual understanding of his visual world, and those with visual defects can experience difficulties in everyday life. From these visual impairment problems are refractive errors, and abnormal binocular vision which if left uncorrected can affect performance of medical students.
Comparative study of the central corneal thickness in healthy individuals and diabetic patients with and without retinopathy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: El-Mekkawi Tamer F , Rashed Hazem O , Eldin Hisham S. Saad , Faisal Hagar M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus causes different morphologic and functional corneal changes.

Aim of the Work
to assess the central corneal thickness in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Patients and Methods
This comparative study was conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals . It included 45 eyes divided into three groups: Group A: 15 eyes of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy , Group B: 15 eyes of diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and Group C: 15 eyes of non-diabetic individuals.

Results
: The mean CCT in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy was 551.13µ ± 37.93 with range 475-622. Diabetics with retinopathy was 558.93µ ± 39.32 with range 508-618 and non diabetics 534.73µ ± 33.67 with range 475-588. There was no significant difference in corneal thickness between the three groups (p = 0.201)

Conclusion
: Diabetic corneas tended to be thicker though this was not statistically significant in our work.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) versus Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in Medium Sized Renal Pelvic Stones
Authors: Ghareeb Mohamed E. Abo , Elsaid Mohamed H , Abdallah Abdelrahman A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Corresponding Background
Stone size is a key factor in the determination of the success of author: treatment modalities. Recently, there has been a great advancement in technology for minimally invasive management of urinary stones such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy, and retrograde internal Surgery

Aim of the Work
to compare the outcome of PCNL and RIRS in medium sized renal pelvic stoned in adults regarding operative time, fluoroscopic time, intra and postoperative complications, stone free rate, hospital stay and postoperative stenting.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized clinical study was conducted on 30 patients from April 2019 to January 2020, all patients had single renal pelvic stone (10 to 20 mm) and had no contraindication to perform these operations at the Urology department, Ain Shams University Hospitals and National Institute of Urology and Nephrology. The patients were randomized by (1 : 1) manner for either PCNL or RIRS. All preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative parameters, results and complications between both groups were recorded.

Results
Mean fluoroscopic time and hospital stay were significantly greater in PCNL group than RIRS group. The stone free rate was 86.7% (13/15) in PCNL group and 80% (12/15) in RIRS group and for complications (according to Cliven-Dindo score) there were no statistically significant difference between two groups.Complications occurred in 3(20%) patients in PCNL group and in 2(13.3%) patients in RIRS group. PCNL and RIRS are safe and effective methods for medium sized renal pelvic stones. For selected patients, RIRS may represent an alternative therapy to PCNL, with acceptable efficacy and low morbidity. RIRS compared to PCNL offers the best outcome in terms of radiation exposure and hospital stay.

Conclusion
RIRS may represent an alternative therapy to PCNL, RIRS compared to PCNL offers the best outcome regarding radiation exposure and hospital stay.
The Efficacy of Tamsulosin Monotherapy and Its Combination with Mirabegron for Overactive Bladder Induced by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Kotb Yousef Mahmoud , Tawfeek Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Ali Hamouda Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonists such as (tamsulosin) are developed for treating of overactive bladder (OAB) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Acting by blockage of adrenoceptors so can cause relaxation of smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate, resulting in an improvement in urine flow and reduction in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Recently the beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist (mirabegron) has been shown to treat the(OAB) symptoms act by relaxation of detrusor smooth muscle of the bladder, increase the bladder capacity and minimize lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that is associated with (BPH) with less side effect than other pharmacotherapies. We will study the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy.

Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy mirabegron and tamsulosin versus tamsulosin monotherapy in case of overactive bladder associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Material and method
this prospective randomized controlled study conducted in 60 patients between ages of 50-70years and complaining of lower urinary tract symptom(LUTS) associated with(BPH) benign prostatic hyperplasia, Before and 12 weeks after mirabegron additional therapy (50 mg once daily), we evaluated the efficacy of this treatment using the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and changes in the maximum flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual urine volume (PVR).

Results
60 men were enrolled in this study. The combination therapy improved the OABSS, IPSS total score and quality of life(QOL), the QMAX improved after treatment and there was no significant change in PVR.

Conclusions
Mirabegron add-on therapy was effective for male patients whose having LUTS particulary the OAB symptoms and storage symptoms that was not controlled by tamsulosin monotherapy with no effect on voiding function therefore the combination therapy considered effective more than monotherapy.
Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with Hemostatic Plug Using Surgiflo® versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy using a Nephrostomy Tube: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Elshawaf Hisham Mohamed Fathey , Shabayek Mohamed Ismail , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Saleh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred technique for treating large renal stones (over 2cm in diameter). It involves keyhole surgery performed through a small skin incision overlying the kidney.

Objectives
Our study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of local hemostatic sealant (surgiflo®) use in tubeless PCNL to enhance postoperative outcomes of PCNL.

Patients and Methods
We randomized our patients into two groups, Group A nephrostomy tube was used as standard PCNL, and at group B tubeless PCNL was done followed by injection of the local hemostatic flowable gelatin matrix (surgiflo®) under fluoroscopic guidance in the prone position

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding demographic data age, sex and BMI (P- value 0.280, 0.736 and 0.440 respectively), stone site and size (P- value 0.525 and 0.533 respectively), operative time (P- value 0.855), intraoperative complications as blood loss and pelvicalyceal perforation, (P- value 0.92 and P- value 0.83 respectively), postoperative complication as fever, haematuria and UTI (P- value 1.000, 0,113 and 1.000 respectivly), and Hb drop (P- value 0.735).

Conclusion
Tubeless PCNL with hemostatic sealant use is associated with less pain, no leakage from nephrostomy tract, less narcotic agent use, and a shorter hospital stay.
Diagnostic Role of Collagen Type III Alpha in Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Sedky Amir A , Ghazal Faten A , AbouGabal Hoda H , Salem Huda H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) are heterogeneous biphasic tumors composed of epithelial and stromal components, they include fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT). The most FAs are benign, while the PTs have unpredictable biologic behavior, where they can recur if incompletely excised, and can even metastasize. According to the WHO Classification of Tumors of The Breast, PT is classified by the histological features into benign, borderline, and malignant. There is difference in management of the FELs, where a FA is treated conservatively or by simple enucleation. While PT must be excised with wide surgical margin to avoid the recurrence of this tumor, where it can recur as high grade. For this reason the preoperative distinction between FA and PT is critical for management. On another hand, still this differentiation is difficult and challenging in some cases especially on limited sample of core needle biopsy (CNB) and also on excision due to the heterogeneity of PT and overlapping features between the FELs. Recently, the use of immunohistochemical markers may have helpful role in differentiation between FA and PT, and grading of the last one. Collagen III α (Col A ) has been emerged as a potential new diagnostic maker useful in differentiation between fibroepithelial lesions.

Methodology
In this retrospective study we evaluated the histopathological features of Cases of FELs including FA and PT with its subgrades. We also evaluated an immunohistochemical diagnostic potential of collagen III α (Col A) in differentiating FA from PT, and categorizing the last one. Furthermore, correlations between Col A expression and clinicopathological parameters were performed.

Results
The staining expression of Col A was increased significantly in PTs when compared with FAs (P&lt;) . Col A expression increased with increased grade of PT but without significant difference between benign PT and borderline PT, and between borderline PT and malignant PT. By pairwise comparison, there was a significant difference between CFA and benign PT according to Col A expression (P&lt;) , and also between the typical FA and FA with PT like features (P&lt;) . There was a trend of increased expression but did not reach the significance between FA with PT like features and benign PT (P=) . Distinct periductal cuffing pattern of Col A staining was present in all PTs and absent in most FAs (P&lt;) , and only cases of FA with PT features exhibited this pattern.

Conclusion
Col A is a diagnostic marker can differentiate between FA and PT, especially between CFA and benign PT, and the Col A expression increased with increased grade of PT but without significant difference. FA with PT like features might be a distinct category that should be distinguished from typical FΑ as it may an initial event of tumor progression to PT.
Cord Blood Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Preterm Infants with Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: El-Raggal Nehal M , Nawara Maii M , Abd El-Ghani Amani M , Zareif Mary E , Shehata Basma M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. It is the failure of the fetus to achieve intrinsic growth potential. Since IUGR neonates are more likely to suffer complications including perinatal asphyxia, cold stress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, feed intolerance, NEC, sepsis and even mortality. So, it is important that these infants are identified and managed appropriately at birth.

Purpose
The present study aims to determine the possible association between cord blood ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in preterm infants with or without complicated gestations.

Patients and Method
Eighty mothers and their preterm neonates (&lt;37 weeks’ gestation) identified in 2 groups according to antenatal ultrasound: a group with prospective antenatal diagnosis of IUGR and the other group with normal fetal development, after consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cord blood Albumin and Ischemia modified albumin were estimated by double-antibody sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results
Cord blood IMA was significantly higher in IUGR group compared to control group. Consequently, albumin level was significantly lower in IUGR group compared to other group. IMA was inversely correlation with Hb level and albumin level was inversely correlated with liver function tests (ALT and AST).

Conclusion
There is a positive association between IMA level and IUGR. This sent a message that combined antenatal ultrasound and serum IMA is a better predictor of intrauterine growth restriction and subsequent better care of neonates with IUGR.
Effect of Pentoxifylline on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Salama Raghda A.M , Hasanin Amany H , Hamza May , Saleh Lobna A , Habib Eman K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aim
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common diabetic complication, which has a lifetime prevalence of about 50%. About 20 to 30% of patients with DN suffer from neuropathic pain. This study was designed to investigate the role of early and late treatment of pentoxifylline (PTX) in management of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).

Method
Diabetic rats were administered PTX (50 and 200 mg/kg/day, in drinking water) either one week after STZ injection and for 7 weeks or 6 weeks after STZ injection and for 2 weeks. Mechanical allodynia were assessed weekly, Iba-1 and GFAP immunorectivity, spinal NFκB & spinal sciatic TNF-α were estimated at the end of the study. Epidermal thickness of the food pad and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in sciatic nerve were measured as an outcome measure for predegenerative markers of DN.

Results
The results of the present study suggest that activated microglia and not astrocytes are involved in the development of experimental diabetic neuropathy. PTX inhibit neuroimmune activation of microglia, reduce the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and improve epidermal thickness of the food pad and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in sciatic nerve. Only PTX 200 mg/kg/day when administered early and late treatment in diabetic rats produced antiallodynic effect.

Conclusion
PTX is a fundamental drug whose antiallodynic effect depends on the pathogenetic mechanisms and has the ability to halt or inhibit the progression of the disease. The earlier the use of PTX in the developmental phase of mechanical hyperalgesia the more the antiallodynic effect of the drug.