bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allograft Fibrosis After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Evolution
Authors: Angelico Roberta , Spada Marco , Liccardo Daniela , Pedini Domiziana , Grimaldi Chiara , Pietrobattista Andrea , Basso Maria Sole , Della Corte Claudia , Mosca Antonella , Saffioti Maria Cristina , Alaggio Rita , Maggiore Giuseppe , Candusso Manila , Francalanci Paola 
Published: June 2021

Allograft fibrosis (AF) after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is frequent, but its dynamics are unclear. Our aim was to assess the evolution and risk factors of AF after pLT. A retrospective single‐center analysis of pLT patients with a follow‐up of ≥5 years who underwent protocol liver biopsies at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was performed. Fibrosis was assessed using the METAVIR and Ishak systems and the liver allograft fibrosis score (LAFs). Of 219 pLTs performed from 2008 to 2018, 80 (36.5%) pLTs were included, and 320 biopsies were reviewed. At 6 months after pLT, fibrosis was found in 54 (67.5%) patients by the METAVIR/Ishak systems and in 59 (73.8%) by the LAFs (P = 0.65). By 5 years, AF was detected in 67 (83.8%), 69 (86.3%), and 72 (90%) specimens using the METAVIR, Ishak, and LAFs systems, respectively (P = 0.54); mild (METAVIR, 51 [63.8%]; Ishak, 60 [75%]; LAFs, 65 [81.2%]) and moderate (METAVIR, 16 [20%]; Ishak, 9 [11.9%]; LAFs, 7 [8.8%]) stages were detected, but severe fibrosis was not found (P = 0.09). In the LAFs, fibrosis involved the portal (85%), sinusoidal (15%), and centrolobular (12%) areas. Of 18 patients with 10‐year protocol biopsies, AF was present in 16 (90%), including 1 (5.5%) with severe fibrosis. In all systems, 36.3% of patients showed fibrosis progression from 2 years to 5 years after LT, but they remained stable at the 10‐year biopsies without clinical implications. In multivariate analysis, only donor age >40 years was a risk factor for moderate AF at 5 years after LT (odds ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6‐42.1, P = 0.01). Cold ischemia time (CIT) >8 hours was associated with portal (P < 0.001)/sinusoidal fibrosis (P = 0.04), donor age >40 years was associated with sinusoidal (P = 0.01)/centrilobular (P = 0.04) fibrosis, and low tacrolimus trough level within 1 year after LT was associated with centrilobular fibrosis (P = 0.02). AF has a high incidence after pLT, occurring early after transplantation. In most cases, AF is mild or moderate and remains stable in the long run without clinical implications. Donor selection, short CIT, and immunosuppression adherence are crucial to reducing the risk of advanced AF.
Wealth and the principal–agent matching
Authors: Fagandini Paulo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractI study the role the agent's wealth plays in the principal–agent matching with moral hazard and limited liability. I consider wealth and talent as the agent's type and size as the firm's (principal's) type. Wealthier agents match with bigger firms, when talent is homogeneous among them, whereas for equally wealthy agents, more talented agents will match with bigger firms. I describe economic conditions over types such that pairs of higher types will write contracts in which the agent gets more than the limited liability rents. Finally, I write conditions on wealth for assortative matching in talent to hold.
A partial element equivalent circuit‐metamodel combination for fast tolerance analysis of electromagnetic systems
Authors: Ferranti Francesco , Antonini Giulio , Nakhla Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a combination of the partial element equivalent circuit method with metamodelling in order to achieve fast tolerance analysis of electromagnetic systems. The proposed model combination can be interpreted as a multifidelity modeling approach. This technique is inspired by the multilevel Monte Carlo method and provides great benefits in terms of computational resources.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter with high‐passband isolation using coupled lines and open stub
Authors: Kishore Simhadri , Arora Ayan , V. Phani Kumar Kanaparthi , Velidi Vamsi Krishna , Nayak Chittaranjan , Rao Thipparaju Rama , Rajkumar Rengasamy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents the design and analysis of a compact dual‐band bandpass filter employing coupled lines and open circuit stub. The filter frequency response contains two passbands with good isolation between them and five transmission zeros in the stopband. The analytical design equations for transmission zero frequencies are obtained based on lossless transmission line theory and the even and odd mode analysis method. A dual‐band bandpass filter operating at GSM (0.9 GHz) and Wi‐Fi (2.4 GHz) frequencies is designed, fabricated, and tested. The proposed design method is verified by the excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results.
Closely‐coupled wideband MIMO antenna with isolation improvement using decoupling circuit and hexagonal split‐ring resonators
Authors: Singh Harsh Verdhan , Prasad D. Venkata Siva , Tripathi Shrivishal , Mohan Akhilesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a design of a closely‐coupled wideband multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna using a new simple wideband decoupling circuit (DCkt) based on a 2nd order filter for isolation improvement is presented to decouple the wideband MIMO antenna array. The wideband closely‐coupled MIMO antenna and the DCkt are designed using the structure's admittance parameter. To achieve good isolation in wide‐bandwidth six hexagonal split‐ring resonators are utilized. The presented closely‐coupled wideband MIMO antenna is resonating at 5.08–6.30 GHz (WLAN) bands, with measured isolation (>25 dB) in the 5.12–5.98 GHz frequency range. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.1, and channel capacity loss (Closs) is less than 0.05, along with good radiation characteristics. It exhibits an exceptional expansion that makes the proposed solution the right candidate for advanced technological applications such as 5G and IoT.
On the accuracy of permittivity profile inversion
Authors: Oweijane Frederic , Ahmad Falih 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn inversion accuracy improvement technique based on the two‐port network subject taken from the microwave theory is presented. The technique is dedicated to the one‐dimensional dielectric structure where the permittivity is a function of depth. Optimization and discretization procedures are part of this technique. Applicability and validity of the technique is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
Maximum Economic Yield and Nonlinear Catchability
Authors: Pan Minling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maximum economic yield (MEY) as derived from Schaefer’s (1957) bioeconomic model was potentially a major contribution to fishery management, but it has been hard to apply to fishery management in reality. Schaefer’s model with fixed catchability and associated linear CPUE does not match the variable nature of catchability resulting from technological progress and schooling behavior, leading to a biased estimation of MEY or economic optimal biomass (BMEY). This study improves on Schaefer’s model by incorporating nonlinear CPUE, where MEY depends on biomass relationships with catchability and with CPUE. When CPUE is constant, MEY is shown analytically to be the same as the biological optimal yield (maximum sustainable yield [MSY]) and the related optimal biomasses are equivalent (BMEY = BMSY). However, in cases of nonlinear CPUE, MEY might be closer to or further away from MSY. The less sensitive the CPUE is in response to changes in biomass, the closer the economic optimum BMEY is to the biological optimum BMSY. When CPUE is sensitive to changes in biomass, the benefit of leaving more fish in water (the stock effect) is more noticeable. Hence, this revised model can become an important component in matching fishery management goals to the realities of fisheries. Simulation analyses further illustrate that the traditional Schaefer economic optimum does not apply to all fisheries. This model provides the basis for fishery management to set a total catch limit (as a fishery management reference point) that could achieve MEY but also defines how MEY could be equal to, closer to, or further away from MSY based on characteristics of an individual fishery. For a fishery in overfished status, it helps fishery managers to decide a rebuilding target at BMSY or at a higher abundance than BMSY in order to achieve MEY and still meet biological reference points.
A proposal of port scan detection method based on Packet‐In Messages in OpenFlow networks and its evaluation
Authors: Ono Daichi , Guillen Luis , Izumi Satoru , Abe Toru , Suganuma Takuo 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBy quickly detecting a port scan and blocking the culprit host from the network, it is possible to minimize the spread of the damage by infected hosts and malicious users. In the past, various Software‐Defined Networking (SDN)‐based methods have been proposed, whose main advantage is the lower overhead compared to traditional methods that collect and analyze all captured traffic. On the other hand, due to the polling process used in these methods, it is necessary to set a short interval (e.g., few seconds) to keep the attacks' detection as short as possible. However, when the attack frequency is very low compared to normal traffic, there is an unnecessary overhead. In this paper, we propose a port scan detection method that considers the characteristics of Packet‐In messages sent from the OpenFlow (OF) switch to the controller. This allows a prompt detection and with less overhead than conventional polling methods. The evaluation was conducted using both simulated and real traffic data. Results confirm that the proposed method can detect port scans with lower overhead than existing methods.
Linearized and decoupled structure‐preserving finite difference methods and their analyses for the coupled Schrödinger–Boussinesq equations
Authors: Deng Dingwen , Wu Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐level finite difference method (FDM), which preserves energy and mass conservative laws, is first derived for one‐dimensional (1D) nonlinear coupled Schrödinger–Boussinesq equations (NCSBEs). Using the discrete energy analysis method, error estimations have been proven to be in L2‐, H1‐, and L∞‐norms, respectively. Secondly, this energy‐ and mass‐preserving FDM (EM‐FDM) is generalized to solve NCSBEs in two dimensions. Also, by the discrete energy method, it is shown that numerical solutions provided by the generalized EM‐FDM method for two‐dimensional (2D) NCSBEs converge to exact solutions with a convergent rate of in L2‐ and H2‐norms. By the embedding relations , we further derive that the numerical solutions are convergent with an order of in ‐ and ‐norms. Finally, numerical results confirm the exactness of theoretical results, and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Wars of Dependence: Contested Histories Among Tolai People of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Martin Keir 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I look at the ways in which a number of forms of providing for a livelihood have increased in importance in the region in this period and explore the ways in which they have created the possibility for new ascriptions of dependence and independence. I explore these issue with particular reference to Tolai people of Papua New Guinea's East New Britain province, where the wealth of ethnographic and archival material going back many decades provides the possibility for a particularly rich and deep historical perspective. Wage labour has increased in importance for many communities in the past few decades. Similarly, resource extraction and cash‐cropping have also expanded in scale and importance in many parts of the region in recent decades. I argue that shifting evaluations of dependence come in and out of vision in relationship to these trends and these shifting evaluations are themselves central components of the construction of new hierarchies and relations of dependence.
Effect of time on quality of parent–child communication in pediatric cancer
Authors: Cowfer Brittany A. , Dietrich Mary S. , Akard Terrah Foster 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA diagnosis of childhood cancer results in new parent–child communication challenges. Little is known about how communication changes over time after diagnosis or relapse. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time since diagnosis and relapse on quality of parent–child communication. We hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between time and quality of parent–child communication.MethodsCross‐sectional study in children (7–17 years) with relapsed/refractory cancer and their caregivers, who spoke English, were not cognitively impaired, and had internet access. Parents were recruited through Facebook ads. Parents and children completed the Parent–Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS), a 20‐item measure of communication quality, with openness and problem subscales. Spearman's rho (rs) coefficients assessed correlations between PACS scores and time since diagnosis/relapse.ResultsThere was a statistically significant negative correlation between parent PACS scores and time since child's cancer diagnosis (rs = −0.21, p = .02), indicating a tendency for overall worsening communication as time since diagnosis increased. There was a positive correlation between the parent PACS problem scores and time since diagnosis (rs = +0.22, p = .01), indicating more problematic communication as time since diagnosis increased. Correlations of time since relapse and PACS scores were small and not statistically significant.ConclusionParent–child communication worsens over time following a child's cancer diagnosis with more communication problems, contrary to our hypothesis. Future studies are needed to evaluate intervention timing to best support parent–child communication beyond the new‐diagnosis period.
Hydrogen bonding probes electron density variations at the basic center in substituted alkyl benzoates: Theory and experiment
Authors: Cheshmedzhieva Diana , Ilieva Sonia , Hadjieva Boriana , Galabov Boris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTheoretical computations of charge density parameters are juxtaposed to experimental spectroscopic shifts induced by hydrogen bonding for a series of 21 substituted in the aromatic ring ethyl and methyl benzoates. Strong correlations between atomic charges at the proton accepting atom and the shifts of methanol O–H frequencies are established. Hirshfeld, Charge Model 5 (CM5), and natural population analysis (NPA) atomic charges are evaluated using ωB97X‐D/6‐311++G(3df,2pd) and MP2/6‐311++G(3df,2pd) computations. The results obtained reveal the power of hydrogen bond measurements in characterizing the variations of electron densities at the proton accepting center within a series of structurally related molecules. The limits of application of the approach are outlined.
Initiation and changes in use of social media for peer support among young adult cancer patients and survivors
Authors: Lazard Allison J. , Collins Meredith K. Reffner , Hedrick Ashley , Horrell Lindsey N. , Varma Tushar , Love Brad , Valle Carmina G. , Benedict Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeSocial isolation is a prominent challenge for many young adults with cancer. Despite desires for peer‐to‐peer connections through technology, little is known about how young adults initiate or use social media for support over time.MethodsWe interviewed young adults with cancer (n = 45; age 18–39, in or post cancer treatment) to explore their initiation of social media for support, changes in use over time, and types of connections sought.ResultsYoung adults with cancer learn about online support through individual personal recommendations, advocacy organizations, or searching on Google or social media. Most were reluctant to use social media support initially because of feeling overwhelmed—from diagnoses, abundance of online information, or demands of participation—and joined when informational and emotional needs arose. Many wished they had joined earlier. Some participants use social media to make close connections while others simply want to “see” others' shared experiences or crowdsource information.ConclusionYoung adults with cancer often haphazardly find online support from personal recommendations or Internet searches. Desires for social media connections are not one‐size‐fits‐all; there are important audience segmentations for the degree and type of peer support.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsBetter promotion of online social support options and benefits—early in one's cancer timeline and systematically through healthcare providers, cancer organizations, or family and friends—could improve access to helpful peer‐to‐peer support.
Peak oxygen uptake correlates with indices of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia in older Japanese outpatients
Authors: Sugie Masamitsu , Harada Kazumasa , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nara Marina , Fujimoto Hajime , Kyo Shunei , Ito Hideki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) is known not only as an index of aerobic fitness but also one of an index of life expectancy. Frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia are associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of peak VO2 with the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, to provide insight into which might mediate the poor prognosis.MethodsThe first group of participants was 175 community‐dwelling older Japanese outpatients (58 men and 117 women; mean age 77.6 ± 6.4 years), in whom we assessed the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, and measured peak VO2 during cardiopulmonary exercise. To confirm the relationships, we analysed another group of 162 participants (77.3 ± 5.5 years).ResultsThere were significant correlations between peak VO2 and the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia, with the exception of high sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of peak VO2 (mL/min) identified following formula: predicted peak VO2 = −11.6 × age (years) + 25.5 × haemoglobin concentration (g/dL) + 114.2 × skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) + 8.9 × hand grip strength (kg) + 226.4 × usual walking speed (m/s) − 65.8 × fatiguability (absence 0, presence 1) − 177.4 × chronic heart failure (absence 0, presence 1) + 437.1 (R2 = 0.627, P < 0.001). The validity of the formula was confirmed with another group (r = 0.78, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study has identified the features of sarcopenia, frailty, and cachexia that are related to peak VO2 in an older population.
Assessment of the rapid effect of dupilumab in two cases of severe asthma comorbid with recurrent eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Kai Yoshiro , Yoshikawa Masanori , Matsuda Masayuki , Fukuoka Atsuhiko , Fujita Yukio , Yamauchi Motoo , Muro Shigeo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13, has been approved for treating severe asthma and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). Patients with ECRS are often candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, a considerable number of patients have recurrent ECRS. ECRS is an important factor influencing asthma control. Here, we present two cases of severe asthma and recurrent ECRS after ESS. Although they had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids and a long‐acting β2‐agonist, they experienced frequent asthma exacerbations. Laboratory examinations revealed increased serum eosinophils and immunoglobulin E (IgE). Furthermore, the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) were indicative of airway obstruction. After treatment with dupilumab, asthma, rhinosinusitis symptoms, and pulmonary function improved remarkably. Dupilumab therapy improved quality of life in these patients with severe asthma and ECRS.
A nonlinear parameter varying observer for real‐time damper force estimation of an automotive electro‐rheological suspension system
Authors: Pham Thanh‐Phong , Sename Olivier , Dugard Luc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a nonlinear parameter varying (NLPV) observer to estimate, in real‐time, the damper force of an electrorheological (ER) damper in a road vehicle suspension system. The objectives are to minimize the effects of bounded unknown road profile disturbances and measurement noises on the estimation errors in the framework. Furthermore, the nonlinearity coming from the damper model (and considered in the observer formulation) is handled through a Lipschitz condition. The observer inputs are data given by two low‐cost sensors (two accelerometers data from the sprung mass and the unsprung mass). For performance assessment, the observer is implemented on a 1/5‐scaled real vehicle testbench of GIPSA‐lab, namely INOVE (see www.gipsa‐lab.fr/projet/inove). Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer in terms of the ability to estimate the damper force in real‐time and to minimize the effects of measurement noises and road disturbances.
Approximating the distance to monotonicity of Boolean functions
Authors: Pallavoor Ramesh Krishnan S. , Raskhodnikova Sofya , Waingarten Erik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe design a nonadaptive algorithm that, given oracle access to a function which is ‐far from monotone, makes poly queries and returns an estimate that, with high probability, is an ‐approximation to the distance of to monotonicity. The analysis of our algorithm relies on an improvement to the directed isoperimetric inequality of Khot, Minzer, and Safra (SIAM J. Comput., 2018). Furthermore, we rule out a poly‐query nonadaptive algorithm that approximates the distance to monotonicity significantly better by showing that, for all constant every nonadaptive ‐approximation algorithm for this problem requires queries. This answers a question of Seshadhri (Property Testing Review, 2014) for the case of nonadaptive algorithms. We obtain our lower bound by proving an analogous bound for erasure‐resilient (and tolerant) testers. Our method also yields the same lower bounds for unateness and being a ‐junta.
Build community for student‐veterans
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: June 2021

Joshua Perschbacher, Director of Veterans Education and Transition Services at the University of Missouri, St. Louis, first felt called back to higher education when he was enlisted in the U.S. Navy. One of Perschbacher's responsibilities involved personnel staffing and scheduling, including sending people to the Transition Assistance Program classes. During the scheduling process, Perschbacher would consistently hear the same stories from those enlisted: My chief told me now isn't a good time to leave the Navy. There aren't any jobs out there for civilians. It's not a good time; I should just stay enlisted. “I didn't believe any of that, but the cognitive dissonance is real,” Perschbacher said.