bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Death Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yang Qiao , Ye Jun , Wu Xiaocheng , Hou Xianhua , Feng Yimei , Luo Bangyu , Li Jixi , Yang Guangrong , Li Lingchen , Yang Xiu , Wang Bin , Zhao Songtao , Li Li , Li Qi , Xu Zi , Wu Hao , Sun Jianguo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world. This retrospective study aims to analyze the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with cancer and identify death outcome related risk factors.Methods: From February 10th to April 15th, 2020, 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer were enrolled. Difference analyses were performed between severe and non-severe patients. A propensity score matching analysis, including 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer and 206 matched non-cancer COVID-19 patients were performed. Next, we identified death related risk factors and developed a nomogram for predicting the probability.Results: In 103 COVID-19 patients with cancer, the main cancer categories were breast cancer, lung cancer and bladder cancer. Compared to non-severe patients, severe patients had a higher median age, and a higher proportion of smokers, diabetes, heart disease and dyspnea. In addition, most of the laboratory results between two groups were significant different. PSM analysis found that the proportion of dyspnea was much higher in COVID-19 patients with cancer. The severity incidence in two groups were similar, while a much higher mortality was found in COVID-19 patients with cancer compared to that in COVID-19 patients without cancer (11.7% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.028). Furthermore, we found that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were related to death outcome. And a nomogram based on the factors was developed.Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients with cancer, the clinical features and laboratory results between severe group and non-severe group were significant different. NLR and CRP were the risk factors that could predict death outcome.
COVID-19 risk stratification tools should incorporate multi-ethnic age structures, multimorbidity and deprivation metrics for air pollution, household overcrowding, housing quality and adult skills&nbsp;
Authors: Soltan Marina A. , Varney Justin , Sutton Benjamin , Melville Colin R. , Lugg Sebastian T. , Parekh Dhruv , Carroll Will , Dosanjh Davinder , Thickett David R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background-Black Asian and Minority Ethnicity (BAME) patients account for 34% of critically ill COVID-19 patients despite constituting 14% of the UK population. Internationally, researchers have called for studies to understand the risk factors among ethnic subgroups. We explored the extent to which social determinants for health including individual Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) sub-indices are risk factors for presentation with multilobar pneumonia, Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) admission and hospitalised outcomes disaggregated by BAME subgroup.Methods-Multi-centre cohort study of hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Results-BAME patients with pneumonia and low CURB65 scores (0-1) had higher mortality than Caucasians (22.6% vs.9.4%; p<0.001); Africans were at highest risk (38.5%; p=0.006), followed by Caribbean (26.7%; p=0.008), Indian (23.1%; p=0.007) and Pakistani (21.2%; p=0.004). Age, sex, cirrhosis, obesity, Charlson Comorbidity (CCI) scores, presentation with multi-lobar pneumonia and ITU admission were independent mortality risk factors. BAME subgroups were more likely to be admitted with higher CCI scores than age, sex and deprivation matched controls and from the highest IMD sub-indices of at least one deprivation form: Indoor Living Environment (LE), Outdoor LE, Adult Skills and Wider Barriers to Housing and Services. Admission from the highest sub-indices of these deprivation forms was associated with multilobar pneumonia on presentation and ITU admission.Conclusions-BAME subgroups exhibit younger age structures resulting in CURB65 underscoring and disproportionate exposure to unscored risk factors:sex, obesity, multimorbidity and deprivation. Household overcrowding deprivation, air pollution deprivation, housing quality deprivation and adult skills deprivation are associated with multi-lobar pneumonia on presentation and ITU admission. Risk tools need to reflect risk factors predominantly affecting BAME subgroups.
COVID-19- Related Stigma in COVID-19 Survivors in Kampala, Uganda: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Amir Kabunga 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19-related stigma is gradually becoming a global problem among COVID-19 survivors with far-reaching implications. However, this social problem has received little attention in research and policy. This study aimed at exploring the COVID-19-related stigma survivors in Kampala, UgandaMethods: A cross-sectional exploratory research design was used. COVID-19 survivors in Kampala district part of the study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data and analysis was done using thematic approach. Results: The results from the data showed that COVID-19-related stigma is prevalent and the common form of stigma was social rejection. Conclusions: The majority of the respondent in the sample endorsed COVID-19-related stigma and such behaviors were high in the community. The COVID-19 pandemic survivors indicated that they faced social rejection and community ostracism. Thus reducing COVID-19-related stigma is vital to control the spread of the virus. An all-inclusive effort is needed to address COVID-19-related stigma and its debilitating consequences by health workers and policy makers.
A Human Factors Intervention in a Hospital - Evaluating the Outcome of a TeamSTEPPS Program in a Surgical Ward
Authors: Aaberg Oddveig Reiersdal , Hall-Lord Marie Louise , Husebø Sissel Iren Eikeland , Ballangrud Randi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient safety in hospitals is being jeopardized, since too many patients experience adverse events. Most of these adverse events arise from human factors, such as inefficient teamwork and communication failures, and the incidence of adverse events is greatest in the surgical area. Previous research has shown the effect of team training on patient safety culture and on different areas of teamwork. Limited research has investigated teamwork in surgical wards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the professional and organizational outcomes of a team training intervention among healthcare professionals in a surgical ward after 6 and 12 months. Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety 2.0 was used as a conceptual framework for the study. Methods: This study had a pre-post design with measurements at baseline and after 6 months and 12 months of intervention. The intervention was conducted in a urology and gastrointestinal surgery ward in Norway, and the study site was selected based on convenience and the leaders’ willingness to participate in the project. Survey data from healthcare professionals were used to evaluate the intervention. The organizational outcomes were measured by the unit-based sections of the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire, and professional outcomes were measured by the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire and the Collaboration and Satisfaction about Care Decisions in Teams Questionnaire. A paired t-test, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, a generalized linear mixed model and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: After six months, improvements were found in organizational outcomes in two patient safety dimensions. After 12 months, improvements were found in both organizational and professional outcomes, and these improvements occurred in three patient safety culture dimensions and in three teamwork dimensions. Furthermore, the results showed that one of the significant improved teamwork dimensions “Mutual Support” was associated with the Patient Safety Grade, after 12 months of intervention.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the team training program had effect after 12 months of intervention. Future studies with larger sample sizes and stronger study designs are necessary to examine the causal effect of a team training intervention in this context.
What Matters to Patients? A Mixed Method Study of the Importance and Consideration of Oncology Patient Demands
Authors: waelli mathias , Minvielle Etienne , Acero Maria Ximena , Aribi Khouloud Ben , Lalloue Benoit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA patient-centred approach is increasingly the mandate for healthcare delivery, especially with the growing emergence of chronic conditions. A relevant but often overlooked obstacle to delivering person-centred care is the identification and consideration of all demands based on individual experience, not only disease-based requirements. Mindful of this approach, there is a need to explore how patient demands are expressed and considered in healthcare delivery systems. This study aims to: (i) understand how different types of demands expressed by patients are taken into account in the current delivery systems operated by Health Care Organisations (HCOs); (ii) explore the often overlooked content of specific non-clinical demands (i.e. demands related to interactions between disease treatments and everyday life). MethodWe adopted a mixed method in two cancer centres, representing exemplary cases of organisational transformation: (i) circulation of a questionnaire to assess the importance that breast cancer patients attach to every clinical (C) and non-clinical (NC) demand identified in an exploratory inquiry, and the extent to which each demand has been taken into account based on individual experiences; (ii) a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews exploring the content of specific NC demands.ResultsFurther to the way in which the questionnaires were answered (573 answers/680 questionnaires printed) and the semi-structured interviews (36) with cancer patients, results show that NC demands are deemed by patients to be almost as important as C demands (C = 6.53/7 VS. NC = 6.13), but are perceived to be considered to a lesser extent in terms of pathway management (NC = 4.02 VS C = 5.65), with a significant variation depending on the type of non-clinical demands expressed. Five types of NC demands can be identified: demands relating to daily life, alternative medicine, structure of the treatment pathway, administrative and logistic assistance and demands relating to new technologies.ConclusionsThis study shows that HCOs should be able to consider non-clinical demands in addition to those referring to clinical needs. These demands require revision of the healthcare professionals’ mandate and transition from a supply-orientated system towards a demand-driven approach throughout the care pathway. Other sectors have developed hospitality management, mass customisation and personalisation to scale up approaches that could serve as inspiring examples.
Do breastfeeding practices correlate with childhood diarrhoea? Multiple data analyses using national surveys in Ghana
Authors: Tampah-Naah Anthony Mwinilanaa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is a natural intervention that tends to have a protective effect on the occurrence of diarrhoea in children. In environments where breastfeeding is suboptimal coupled with the early introduction of complementary foods, children are at a higher risk of experiencing diarrhoea. This study examined whether breastfeeding practices are associated with childhood diarrhoea in Ghana using multiple secondary datasets. Methods: The study used Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2003, 2008 and 2014 datasets. These datasets contain data on women and issues related to children who were two years of age (0-23 months). An appended weighted sample of 4,675 mother-child pairs was used for the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between breastfeeding practices (including other explanatory variables) and childhood diarrhoea.Results: Children who were not exclusively breastfed had higher odds of experiencing diarrhoea. These categories of children most likely to be exposed to diarrhoea included those who were not breastfeeding (OR = 3.382, 95% CI = 2.019, 4.820), predominantly breastfeeding (OR = 1.824, 95% CI = 1.198, 2.777), and partially breastfeeding (OR = 2.795, 95% CI = 1.931, 4.047).Conclusions: Findings for this study further affirms to the protective effect breastfeeding has against childhood diarrhoea. Exclusive breastfeeding and at times predominant breastfeeding could prevent or minimize diarrhoea compare to non-practice of breastfeeding or partial breastfeeding.
Prevalence of excess weight gain and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women: a population-based study in Ghana.
Authors: Bonsu Isaac Mensah , Myezwa Hellen , Brandt Corlia , Omoniyi Moses M. , Ajidahun Tunde A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Excess weight (obesity and overweight) is a pervasive condition that is considered a global epidemic and a threat to public health. Furthermore, numerous changes in fat deposits occur with the advent of menopause, leading to a change in the distribution of body fat. Therefore this study determined the prevalence of excess weight gain and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women (PW) in Ghana.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over five months at Bono-East regional capital, Techiman in Ghana. A total of 378 postmenopausal women were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain the socio-demographic data from each study participant. Anthropometrics such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among participants were also determined. Data were inputted into excel, and analysis was done using IBM SPSS 25.Results: BMI, WHtR and WHR recorded participants with the excess weight of 73.2%, 91.8%, and 91.0% respectively out of the total study participants and there was no significant difference among the stratified study participants. Participants age ≤50 years were at a high risk of been obese even though it was not significant. Study participants with > 15 years of the postmenopausal stage have a high chance of been obese for BMI and WHtR but not WHR. The mean age of study participants was 60.09±6.24 years with the 51-60 years age group having the highest frequency (48.8%). Out of the total study participants, 26.8%, 8.2% and 9.0% with desirable weight were recorded using BMI, WHtR, and WHR respectively. And there was no significant difference (P=0.999) between the proportions for WHtR and WHR. However, the distribution of study participants with desirable weight by BMI was significantly higher than that of WHtR (P=0.0031) and WHR (P=0.0063). Conclusions: The prevalence rates of obesity and overweight were higher among postmenopausal women using the WHR than BMI and WHtR. Participants age ≤ 50 years, parity and those from the Ga tribe were also at a higher risk of having abdominal obesity.
The correlation of duration of cervical flexion per day with neck disability index scores in office workers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Jinlong Zhang , Yunyun Fang , Lijie Gao , Jian Chen , Cheng Wang , Hongchen He , Qinglu Luo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: An increasing number of office workers complain of neck pain after extended smart phone use. We conducted this study to examine the correlation between the duration of cervical flexion per day (DCF) during smart phone use and neck disability index scores (NDI) scores of office workers in China.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1791 individuals responded to an on line questionnaire. For our study, we included responses of 498 [27.8%] office workers. Excluded from the study were 1293 [72.9%] individuals including building workers, students, non-office workers, and those who did not complete the questionnaire. Participants completed an online questionnaire survey from May 29, 2019 to April 10, 2020. The NDI scores were used to evaluate cervical symptoms. Linear regression, threshold saturation effect analysis, t-test, and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Results: We analyzed questionnaire results of the 498 office workers. The t-test showed no significant differences among the gender groups for age, working age, and NDI scores (P>0.05). While low back pain had a strong correlation with NDI scores [β (95%CI):2.40 (1.49, 3.31), P <0.0001]. When adjusting for age, working age, and low back pain covariates, DCF had a positive correlation with NDI scores. In addition, DCF had a curve line correlation with NDI scores-a monotone increasing relationship; the fold point was 6 (P<0.05).Conclusions: DCF had a positive curve line correlation with the NDI scores suggesting that office workers should limit DCF to a maximum of 6 hours to decrease NDI scores.
Associated factors of early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayesha Ummay , M Abu Sayed Md. Al , Islam Md. Nurul , Hossain Md. Ripter , Tasmia Samme Amena , Hossain Md. Golam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) provides the first immunization for the newborns, fortify their immune defense system and eventually reduce the mortality rate. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with EIBF among mothers in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Methods: A total number of 421 mothers living in Rajshahi district who had at least one child aged 6-24 months were considered as sample. Mothers were selected using multistage random sampling. This study was conducted from January to March, 2019. The EIBF was measured by a principal question, “Did you provide your breast milk to your newborn within one hour after delivery?” Frequency distribution, Chi-square test and multivariable binary logistic regression model were utilized in this study for getting prevalence and associated factors of EIBF respectively. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of EIBF among mothers in Rajshahi district was 88.4%. Multivariable logistic model provided eight factors associated with EIBF: (i) husbands’ education level, (ii) husbands’ occupation, (iii) family monthly income, (iv) mothers’ age, (v) mothers’ BMI, (vi) place of delivery, (vii) planned pregnancy and (viii) mothers taking advice regarding the benefit of breastfeeding during their pregnancy. Conclusions: This study identified several modifiable factors associated with EIBF. The customs, culture and other characteristics are almost same across the country. These factors could be considered to increase the rate of EIBF among mothers in Bangladesh.
Deficient macrophage autophagy protects mice from Cerium Oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Annangi Balasubramanyam , Lu Zhuyi , Bruniaux Jonathan , Ridoux Audrey , Silva Vanessa Marques da , Vantelon Delphine , Boczkowski Jorge , Lanone Sophie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO2, and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy gene Atg5 in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO2 NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to one month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype). Results: Such pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockage of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as important players in the disease.
Refraining from seeking mental healthcare and poorer mental well-being: A longitudinal population-based study on men in Sweden
Authors: Olsson Sara , Burström Bo , Hensing Gunnel , Löve Jesper 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety disorder contribute to a significant part of the disease burden among men, yet many men refrain from seeking care or receive insufficient care when they do seek it. This is plausibly detrimental to men’s mental well-being, but there is a lack of population-based research to confirm this. This study investigated 1) if men who had refrained from seeking mental healthcare had poorer mental well-being than those who sought care, 2) if those who sought care but perceived it as insufficient had poorer mental well-being than those who perceived care as sufficient, and 3) if these differences persisted after one year. Methods: This longitudinal study used questionnaire data from a population-based sample of 1240 men, aged 19-64 years, in Sweden. Having refrained from seeking mental healthcare, or perceiving the care as insufficient, at any time in life, was assessed in a questionnaire, 2008. Current mental well-being was assessed in 2008 and 2009 using mean scores on the WHO (Ten) Well-being Index, with a lower score indicating poorer mental well-being. Group differences were calculated using t-tests and multivariable linear regression analysis.Results: Of the men who had perceived a need for mental healthcare, 37% refrained from seeking such care. They had lower mental well-being scores in 2008, compared to those who sought care. Of those seeking care, 29 % perceived it as insufficient. They had lower mental well-being scores in 2008, compared to those who perceived the care as sufficient, but this was not statistically significant when controlling for potential confounders. There were no differences in mental well-being scores based on care-seeking or perceived care-sufficiency in 2009. Conclusions: This population-based study provides some support for the hypothesis that refraining from seeking mental healthcare, or perceiving the care as insufficient, is detrimental to men’s mental well-being. However, the lack of differences over time contradicts this hypothesis. The results highlight the need for larger longitudinal studies, measuring care-seeking within a more specified time frame, and using longer follow-up periods. This should be combined with efforts to increase men’s mental healthcare-seeking and to provide mental healthcare that is perceived as sufficient.