bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospect of Increased Disruption to the QBO in a Changing Climate
Authors: Anstey James A. , Banyard Timothy P. , Butchart Neal , Coy Lawrence , Newman Paul A. , Osprey Scott , Wright Corwin J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds was disrupted during the 2019/20 Northern Hemisphere winter. We show that this latest disruption to the regular QBO cycling was similar in many respects to that seen in 2016, but initiated by horizontal momentum transport from the Southern Hemisphere. The predictable signal associated with the QBO's quasi‐regular phase progression is lost during disruptions and the oscillation reemerges after a few months significantly shifted in phase from what would be expected if it had progressed uninterrupted. We infer from an increased wave‐momentum flux into equatorial latitudes seen in climate model projections that disruptions to the QBO are likely to become more common in future. Consequently, it is possible that in the future, the QBO could be a less reliable source of predictability on lead times extending out to several years than it currently is.
Identification of Low‐Frequency Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault With Deep Learning
Authors: Thomas Amanda M. , Inbal Asaf , Searcy Jacob , Shelly David R. , Bürgmann Roland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow‐frequency earthquakes are a seismic manifestation of slow fault slip. Their emergent onsets, low amplitudes, and unique frequency characteristics make these events difficult to detect in continuous seismic data. Here, we train a convolutional neural network to detect low‐frequency earthquakes near Parkfield, CA using the catalog of Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 as training data. We explore how varying model size and targets influence the performance of the resulting network. Our preferred network has a peak accuracy of 85% and can reliably pick low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) S‐wave arrival times on single station records. We demonstrate the abilities of the network using data from permanent and temporary stations near Parkfield, and show that it detects new LFEs that are not part of the Shelly (2017), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014047 catalog. Overall, machine‐learning approaches show great promise for identifying additional low‐frequency earthquake sources. The technique is fast, generalizable, and does not require sources to repeat.
Meteorological Impact on Winter PM2.5 Pollution in Delhi: Present and Future Projection Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Li Jiandong , Hao Xin , Liao Hong , Hu Jianlin , Chen Haishan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study employs the self‐organizing map classification to track wintertime PM2.5 pollutions in Delhi under four atmospheric circulation patterns during 2013–2020. We found that the most polluted circulation pattern was characterized by a northward shift in the subtropical jet stream and a northward intrusion of the subtropical high, leading to descending anomalies from the upper troposphere to the near surface. Together, the resultant reduced passage of cyclones, lower planetary boundary layer, weakened near‐surface winds and less precipitation contributed to wintertime PM2.5 pollution in Delhi. Compared with the 1981–2010 mean levels, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 models project Delhi would experience two fewer days of severe pollution‐favorable circulation pattern and seven more days of clean‐favorable circulation pattern in 2070–2099 under the shared socioeconomic pathway 5–8.5. Future decrease in the severe pollution‐favorable circulation pattern may be attributed to the warming trends in sea surface temperature over the central Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.
Coeval Evolution of the Eastern Philippine Sea Plate and the South China Sea in the Early Miocene: Paleomagnetic and Provenance Constraints From ODP Site 1177
Authors: Liu Wei , Gai Congcong , Feng Wanyi , Cao Wei , Guo Laiyin , Zhong Yi , Liu Jiabo , Zhou Yang , Chou Yu‐min , Lin Jian , Liu Qingsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) and the South China Sea (SCS), located at the intersection of the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo‐Australian plates, are key areas for global plate reconstruction. However, the relationships between the PSP and the SCS are still elusive. Here we report a new paleolatitude determination (16.0° ± 4.5°N at ∼20 Ma) from the Ocean Drilling Program Site 1177 in the Shikoku Basin (SB) within the eastern PSP. The new results indicate that the SB had a geographical affinity with the SCS in the early Miocene. Furthermore, the similarity in the U‐Pb zircon age spectra of early Miocene turbidites from SB Site 1177 and SCS Site X28 implies that the two sites might receive similar materials in the early Miocene. Based on the new paleolatitude, provenance results, and other constraints, we suggest that the eastern PSP might be coupled dynamically to the SCS in the early Miocene.
Statistical Analysis of Throat Aurora Using Long Term DMSP/SSUSI Observation
Authors: Selvakumaran R. , Han De‐Sheng , Gokani Sneha A. , Zhang Y. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThroat aurora is believed to be associated with magnetopause indentations and has direct implications on magnetopause reconnection. In this study, for the first time, we use Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager observations over ∼14 years to characterize the throat aurora occurrence, latitudinal extent, seasonal, and its solar cycle dependence. We identified 386 throat aurora cases during the different passes of the satellite over the northern hemisphere. The latitudinal extent of these throat aurorae are estimated and are divided into small, medium, and large categories. The small and medium latitudinal extent throat aurorae account for about 91% of the total cases. The throat aurorae are found to occur most frequently in the post‐noon hours. The throat aurorae were also observed more frequently during winter, likely due to summer‐winter asymmetry in the ionospheric conductance. The occurrence of the throat aurora is also found to be anti‐correlated with the solar cycle, likely because low solar activity gives good chances for sporadic reconnection that favors the occurrence of throat aurora. The dependence on interplanetary magnetic field reveals positive Bx favoring the occurrence of throat aurora. It also shows positive Bx (negative By) supports pre‐noon (post‐noon) occurrence. The difference in the trend and average values of background interplanetary magnetic field conditions with the throat aurora confirms the favorable conditions for the occurrence of throat aurora.
Direct Quantification of Droplet Activation of Ambient Black Carbon Under Water Supersaturation
Authors: Hu Dawei , Liu Dantong , Kong Shaofei , Zhao Delong , Wu Yangzhou , Li Siyuan , Ding Shuo , Zheng Shurui , Cheng Yi , Hu Kang , Deng Zhaoze , Wu Yunfei , Tian Ping , Liu Quan , Huang Mengyu , Ding Deping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the droplet activation of black carbon (BC) under water supersaturation (SS) conditions is crucial to estimate its lifetime (through activation scavenging) and indirect radiative impacts. However, directly probing the droplet activation of ambient BC is challenging because of the difficulty in discriminating the BC‐containing particles (BCc) from other components. Here, we coupled the measurements of number concentrations between size‐resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and individual BCc, achieving a direct quantification of droplet activation for ambient BCc. The activation diameters of BCc (D50_BCc), determined as the dry diameter at which 50% of BCc were activated, were 144 ± 21 nm under SS 0.2% corresponding to activated number fraction of total BCc of 60% ± 10%. D50_BCc was determined as a function of the coating hygroscopicity, and the organic content was observed as a limiting factor in controlling BCc activation. The activated BCc number concentration was predicted using the volume‐weighted compositions within particle. The predicted CCN agreed well with the measurements for all particles, while overestimating the activated BCc number concentration by 71%, 27%, and 27% at SS = 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. The higher discrepancy under lower SS may result from the higher non‐sphericity of BCc at large sizes. Therefore, only knowing the hygroscopicity distribution of bulk compositions may not be sufficient for estimating the activation of BCc, but considering additional factors such as the non‐sphericity of BCc is necessary to estimate droplet activation.
Added Value of a Convection Permitting Model in Simulating Atmospheric Water Cycle Over the Asian Water Tower
Authors: Zhao Yin , Zhou Tianjun , Li Puxi , Furtado Kalli , Zou Liwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as Asian Water Tower and its atmospheric water cycle has been a lasting challenge to climate modeling community. Here, we compare two sets of the Met Office Unified Model simulations—one is a convection‐parameterized version (large‐scale model; LSM) and the other is a convection‐permitting model (CPM) simulation. The added value of the CPM in terms of atmospheric water cycle process is analyzed, including external moisture transport, fraction of atmospheric water vapor converting to precipitation and the precipitation recycle ratio. Results show that the simulated TP precipitation and evaporation for the summer of 2009 is significantly improved in the CPM. First, the overestimation of atmospheric water cycle by LSM is improved in CPM due to a reasonable representation of the fraction of atmospheric water vapor converting to precipitation. The overestimation of precipitation recycle ratio also indicates the LSM generates excessive convection compared to the CPM and therefore has a larger wet bias over the TP. Second, a better simulation of local precipitation has feedback on the circulation. Compared with the LSM, the less moisture convergence in the CPM is dominated by the stronger outflow through the eastern edge of the TP rather than the weaker inflow, implying the upscale effects of the resolved moist convection on the moisture transport over the TP. Our results imply that the CPM is a useful tool in the reproduction of moisture transport and atmospheric water cycle process over the Asian Water Tower and other regions of the world with complex topography.
The Texas flood registry: a flexible tool for environmental and public health practitioners and researchers
Authors: Miranda Marie Lynn , Callender Rashida , Canales Joally M. , Craft Elena , Ensor Katherine B. , Grossman Max , Hopkins Loren , Johnston Jocelyn , Shah Umair , Tootoo Joshua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Making landfall in Rockport, Texas in August 2017, Hurricane Harvey resulted in unprecedented flooding, displacing tens of thousands of people, and creating environmental hazards and exposures for many more.

Objective
We describe a collaborative project to establish the Texas Flood Registry to track the health and housing impacts of major flooding events.

Methods
Those who enroll in the registry answer retrospective questions regarding the impact of storms on their health and housing status. We recruit both those who did and did not flood during storm events to enable key comparisons. We leverage partnerships with multiple local health departments, community groups, and media outlets to recruit broadly. We performed a preliminary analysis using multivariable logistic regression and a binomial Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) spatial model.

Results
We find that those whose homes flooded, or who came into direct skin contact with flood water, are more likely to experience a series of self-reported health effects. Median household income is inversely related to adverse health effects, and spatial analysis provides important insights within the modeling approach.

Significance
Global climate change is likely to increase the number and intensity of rainfall events, resulting in additional health burdens. Population-level data on the health and housing impacts of major flooding events is imperative in preparing for our planet’s future.
Infants at risk for physical disability may be identified by measures of postural control in supine
Authors: Prosser Laura A. , Aguirre Maria Ovando , Zhao Susan , Bogen Daniel K. , Pierce Samuel R. , Nilan Kathleen A. , Zhang Huayan , Shofer Frances S. , Johnson Michelle J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Early detection of delay or impairment in motor function is important to guide clinical management and inform prognosis during a critical window for the development of motor control in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of biomechanical measures of early postural control to distinguish infants with future impairment in motor control from their typically developing peers.

Methods
We recorded postural control from infants lying in supine in several conditions. We compared various center of pressure metrics between infants grouped by birth status (preterm and full term) and by future motor outcome (impaired motor control and typical motor control).

Results
One of the seven postural control metrics—path length—was consistently different between groups for both group classifications and for the majority of conditions.

Conclusions
Quantitative measures of early spontaneous infant movement may have promise to distinguish early in life between infants who are at risk for motor impairment or physical disability and those who will demonstrate typical motor control. Our observation that center of pressure path length may be a potential early marker of postural instability and motor control impairment needs further confirmation and further investigation to elucidate the responsible neuromotor mechanisms.

Impact

The key message of this article is that quantitative measures of infant postural control in supine may have promise to distinguish between infants who will demonstrate future motor impairment and those who will demonstrate typical motor control.

One of seven postural control metrics—path length—was consistently different between groups.

This metric may be an early marker of postural instability in infants at risk for physical disability.
Spectrum of cutaneous adverse reactions to aromatic antiepileptic drugs and human leukocyte antigen genotypes in Thai patients and meta-analysis
Authors: Sukasem Chonlaphat , Sririttha Suthida , Chaichan Chonlawat , Nakkrut Thapanat , Satapornpong Patompong , Jaruthamsophon Kanoot , Jantararoungtong Thawinee , Koomdee Napatrupron , Medhasi Sadeep , Oo-Puthinan Sarawut , Rerkpattanapipat Ticha , Klaewsongkram Jettanong , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Tuchinda Papapit , Chularojanamontri Leena , Tovanabutra Napatra , Suvannang Naravut , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Saokaew Surasak , Aekplakorn Wichai , Puangpetch Apichaya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) add up to the limited use of the AEDs in the treatment and prevention of seizures. Human leukocyte antigen-B (HLA-B) alleles have been linked to AEDs-induced cADRs. We investigated the association between cADRs (including Stevens–Johnson syndrome; SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis; TEN, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; DRESS, and Maculopapular eruption; MPE) caused by AEDs (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital and oxcarbazepine) and HLA-B alleles in Thai population. Through the case-control study, 166 patients with AEDs-induced cADRs, 426 AEDs-tolerant patients (AEDs-tolerant controls), and 470 healthy subjects (Thai population) were collected. The HLA genotypes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) method. We also performed a meta-analysis with these data and other populations. The carrier rate of HLA-B*15:02 was significantly different between AEDs-induced cADRs group and AEDs-tolerant group (Odds ratio; OR 4.28, 95% Confidence interval; CI 2.64–6.95, p < 0.001), AEDs-induced cADRs group and Thai population (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.41–3.29, p < 0.001). In meta-analysis showed the strong association HLA-B*15:02 with AEDs-induced cADRs (OR 4.77, 95%CI 1.79–12.73, p < 0.001). Furthermore, HLA-B*15:02 was associated with SJS/TEN induced by AEDs (OR 10.28, 95%CI 6.50–16.28, p < 0.001) Phenytoin (OR 4.12, 95%CI 1.77–9.59, p = 0.001) and carbamazepine (OR 137.69, 95%CI 50.97–371.98, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that genetic association for AEDs-induced cADRs was phenotype-specific. A strong association between HLA-B*15:02 and AEDs-induced SJS/TEN was demonstrated with an OR of 10.79 (95%CI 5.50–21.16, p < 0.001) when compared with AEDs-tolerant group. On the other hand, the carrier rates of HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*13:01, and HLA-B*56:02 were significantly higher in the DRESS group compared with the AEDs-tolerant group (p = 0.029, 0.007, and 0.017, respectively). The HLA-B*15:02 allele may represent a risk factor for AEDs-induced cADRs.
TCF3 is epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B and functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer
Authors: Gui Tao , Liu Ming , Yao Bing , Jiang Haiqin , Yang Dongjun , Li Qixiang , Zeng Xiangwei , Wang Ying , Cao Jian , Deng Yexuan , Li Xinyu , Xu Peipei , Zhou Liqin , Li Dake , Wang Zhihui , Zen Ke , Huang David C. S. , Chen Bing , Wan Guiping , Zhao Quan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC progression are still largely unknown, and chemotherapeutic options for EC patients are currently very limited. In this study, we found that histone methyltransferase EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B were upregulated in EC samples from patients, and promoted EC cell proliferation as evidenced by assays of cell viability, cell cycle, colony formation. Mechanistically, we found that EZH2 promoted EC cell proliferation by epigenetically repressing TCF3, a direct transcriptional activator of CCKN1A (p21WAF1/Cip1), in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that DNMT3B specifically methylated the TCF3 promoter, repressing TCF3 expression and accelerating EC cell proliferation independently of EZH2. Importantly, elevated expression of EZH2 or DNMT3B in EC patients inversely correlated with expression of TCF3 and p21, and was associated with shorter overall survival. We show that combined treatment with GSK126 and 5-Aza-2d treatment wit synergistically inhibited methyltransferase activity of EZH2 and DNMT3B, resulting in a profound block of EC cell proliferation as well as EC tumor progression in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. These findings reveal that TCF3 functions as a tumor suppressor epigenetically silenced by EZH2 and DNMT3B in EC, and support the notion that targeting the EZH2/DNMT3B/TCF3/p21 axis may be a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of EC.
A novel BRD4 inhibitor suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis by blocking RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Wenjie , Yu Ziqiang , Zhang Yan , Li Yinghua , Xie Dantao , Xie Gang , Fan Li , He Shipeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has emerged as a promising treatment target for bone-related disorders. (+)-JQ1, a thienotriazolodiazepine compound, has been shown to inhibit pro-osteoclastic activity in a BRD4-dependent approach and impede bone loss caused by ovariectomy (OVX) in vivo. However, clinical trials of (+)-JQ1 are limited because of its poor druggability. In this study, we synthesized a new (+)-JQ1 derivative differing in structure and chirality. One such derivative, (+)-ND, exhibited higher solubility and excellent inhibitory activity against BRD4 compared with its analogue (+)-JQ1. Interestingly, (-)-JQ1 and (-)-ND exhibited low anti-proliferative activity and had no significant inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis as compared with (+)-JQ1 and (+)-ND, suggesting the importance of chirality in the biological activity of compounds. Among these compounds, (+)-ND displayed the most prominent inhibitory effect on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, (+)-ND could inhibit osteoclast-specific gene expression, F‐actin ring generation, and bone resorption in vitro and prevent bone loss in OVX mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that (+)-ND represses RANKL‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis and averts OVX-triggered osteoporosis by suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signalling cascades, suggesting that it may be a prospective candidate for osteoporosis treatment.
DNA methylation mediated RSPO2 to promote follicular development in mammals
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , He Yingting , Li Nian , Bai Guofeng , Pan Xiangchun , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Hao , Li Jiaqi , Yuan Xiaolong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn female mammals, the proliferation, apoptosis, and estradiol-17β (E2) secretion of granulosa cells (GCs) have come to decide the fate of follicles. DNA methylation and RSPO2 gene of Wnt signaling pathway have been reported to involve in the survival of GCs and follicular development. However, the molecular mechanisms for how DNA methylation regulates the expression of RSPO2 and participates in the follicular development are not clear. In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of RSPO2 significantly increased during follicular development, but the DNA methylation level of RSPO2 promoter decreased gradually. Inhibition of DNA methylation or DNMT1 knockdown could decrease the methylation level of CpG island (CGI) in RSPO2 promoter and upregulate the expression level of RSPO2 in porcine GCs. The hypomethylation of −758/−749 and −563/−553 regions in RSPO2 promoter facilitated the occupancy of transcription factor E2F1 and promoted the transcriptional activity of RSPO2. Moreover, RSPO2 promoted the proliferation of GCs with increasing the expression level of PCNA, CDK1, and CCND1 and promoted the E2 secretion of GCs with increasing the expression level of CYP19A1 and HSD17B1 and inhibited the apoptosis of GCs with decreasing the expression level of Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3, cleaved Caspase8, cleaved Caspase9, cleaved PARP, and BAX. In addition, RSPO2 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of GCs, blocked the development of follicles, and delayed the onset of puberty with decreasing the expression level of Wnt signaling pathway-related genes (LGR4 and CTNNB1) in vivo. Taken together, the hypomethylation of −758/−749 and −563/−553 regions in RSPO2 promoter facilitated the occupancy of E2F1 and enhanced the transcription of RSPO2, which further promoted the proliferation and E2 secretion of GCs, inhibited the apoptosis of GCs, and ultimately ameliorated the development of follicles through Wnt signaling pathway. This study will provide useful information for further exploration on DNA-methylation-mediated RSPO2 pathway during follicular development.