bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma in the ureter
Authors: Nirei Takuma , Nakaigawa Noboru , Matsumura Mai , Kataoka Toshiaki , Nagasaka Takahiro , Aomori Kota , Ito Yusuke , Muraoka Kentaro , Yao Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionUrothelial neoplasms with a varus growth pattern are rare, and few urologists have encountered inverted urothelial carcinoma of the ureter.Case presentationAn 82‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for investigation of gross hematuria. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodules measuring 1–2 mm in diameter in the left upper ureter with slight reduction in signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Ureteroscopy showed a pedunculated smooth tumor that had the appearance of an inverted papilloma rather than the papillary shape typical of urothelial carcinoma. The tumor was biopsied and histopathological examination revealed a noninvasive, low‐grade urothelial carcinoma with inverted multiple layers. Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was subsequently performed, and a pedunculated tumor measuring 20 mm in diameter was found in the left upper ureter. The histopathological diagnosis was inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma, low‐grade, pTa, pN0.ConclusionThis report provides the first clinical description of inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma of the ureter.
Disciplinary Literacy in Action: High School Students Doing Research for Change
Authors: Watts‐Taffe Susan , Vaughn Lisa M. , Jacquez Farrah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article describes how disciplinary literacy practices were enacted among youth within the context of Youth Built Change, a science based program incorporating principles of Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR). Highlighting two YPAR projects, one conducted in a predominantly Black and Latino/a suburban school and one conducted in a predominantly White rural school, specific examples of the disciplinary literacy practices of Believing, Knowing, Doing, and Communicating are illustrated.
Front cover
Authors: Piavchenko Gennadii , Kozlov Igor , Dremin Viktor , Stavtsev Dmitry , Seryogina Evgeniya , Kandurova Ksenia , Shupletsov Valery , Lapin Konstantin , Alekseyev Alexander , Kuznetsov Sergey , Bykov Alexander , Dunaev Andrey , Meglinski Igor 
Published: December 2021

Despite the fact that both acute cardiac cessation and respiratory arrest are the reasons of brain ischemia, its hemodynamics, oxygenation and structural pathology differs. This article represents blood re‐distribution and neuronal tissue degeneration during the first decade of minutes after the breathing and heart beating violation. The results show that cardiac cessation is much more life‐threatening statement that provokes blood circulation abnormalities and causes strong signs of cerebral ischemia in compare with the respiratory arrest.Further details can be found in the article by G. Piavchenko, I. Kozlov, V. Dremin, D. Stavtsev, E. Seryogina, K. Kandurova, V. Shupletsov, K. Lapin, A. Alekseyev, S. Kuznetsov, A. Bykov, A. Dunaev, and I. Meglinski (e202100216).image
Inside Front cover
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Yan , Qiu Song , Chen Jiangang , Sun Li , Li Qingli 
Published: December 2021

Pulmonary cancer is one of the most malignancies worldwide. We introduce a novel three‐dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D‐PulCNN) to classify three pulmonary subtypes based on the microscopic hyperspectral image because it can supply spatial information as well as spectral information. Combining the difference of spectral curves and texture feature between the three subtypes, we can classify LUAD, LUSC and SCLC more accurately in cytodiagnosis.Further details can be found in the article by Qing Zhang | Yan Wang | Song Qiu | Jiangang Chen | Li Sun and Qingli Li (e202100142).image
Outcome of major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients; does surgical approach matter? A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Benedetti Cacciaguerra Andrea , Görgec Burak , Lanari Jacopo , Cipriani Federica , Russolillo Nadia , Mocchegiani Federico , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Alseidi Adnan , Ruzzenente Andrea , Edwin Bjorn , D’Hondt Mathieu , Besselink Marc G. , Giuliante Felice , Fuks David , Rotellar Fernando , López‐Ben Santiago , Ferrero Alessandro , Aldrighetti Luca , Cillo Umberto , Vivarelli Marco , Abu Hilal Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMajor hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients still represents a great challenge for liver surgeons. Hence, the aim in the present study is to investigate the clinical impact of major hepatectomy and to assess whether the surgical approach influences the outcome of cirrhotic patients.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study including cirrhotic patients undergoing major laparoscopic (mjLLR) and open liver resection (mjOLR) in 14 Western liver centers was performed (2009–2020). Clinical, demographic, and perioperative data were compared using propensity score matching (PSM). Long‐term outcome after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed.ResultsOverall, 352 patients were included; 108 after mjLLR and 244 after mjOLR. After PSM, 88 patients were matched in each group. In the mjLLR group, compared to mjOLR, less blood loss (P = .042), lower overall and severe complication (P < .001, .020), such as surgical site infection, acute kidney injury and liver failure were observed, parallel to a shorter length of hospital stay. Stratifying patients based on the type of resection, less severe complications was observed only after laparoscopic left hepatectomy (P = .044), while the advantages of laparoscopy tend to decrease during right hepatectomy. Subgroup analysis of long‐term survivals following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma showed no difference between mjLLR and mjOLR.ConclusionsThis multicenter experience suggests potential short‐term benefits of mjLLR in cirrhotic patients compared to mjOLR, without compromising long‐term outcome. These findings might have interesting clinical implications for the management of patients with chronic liver disease.
A postresection perfusion deficit in the right colon is an independent predictor of perioperative outcome after major hepatectomy
Authors: Birgin Emrullah , Yang Cui , Brunner Anna , Hetjens Svetlana , Rahbari Mohammad , Bork Ulrich , Reissfelder Christoph , Weitz Jürgen , Rahbari Nuh N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a strong interaction between hepatic hemodynamics and perfusion in the splanchnic system. However, little is known about differences in perfusion in different splanchnic compartments and their changes after hepatectomy.MethodsPerfusion in various splanchnic compartments (ie, stomach, small intestine, right and left colon, liver) was assessed pre‐ and post‐hepatectomy by intraoperative laser Doppler flowmetry. Differences of splanchnic perfusion between compartments were evaluated by ANOVA, and risk factors of postoperative complications (graded by the comprehensive complication index [CCI]) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. A prediction model of postoperative complications was developed.ResultsA total of 50 and 29 patients with major and minor hepatectomy were enrolled. Splanchnic perfusion at baseline varied significantly across different splanchnic compartments with highest values in the small bowel and right colon (P < .001). Major hepatectomy induced a significant perfusion decrease in the stomach (P = .006), right colon (P < .001) and small bowel (P = .035). A postresection perfusion deficit in the right colon with values below 254 perfusion units (PU) was identified as an independent predictor of clinically relevant complications after major hepatectomy (concordance index: 0.79, 95% CI 0.66‐0.87, P = .002). Bootstrap validation confirmed internal validity and excellent calibration.ConclusionsMajor hepatectomy causes significant reduction of splanchnic perfusion. An intraoperative posthepatectomy microcirculatory perfusion deficit of the right colon is a strong and independent predictor of clinically relevant postoperative complications after major hepatectomy.
Amide Proton Transfer MRI Could Be Used to Evaluate the Pathophysiological Status of White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Guo Zixuan , Meng Zhuoni , Mu Ronghua , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhuang Zeyu , Zheng Wei , Liu Fuzhen , Zhu Xiqi 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe pathophysiology of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) remains unclear, investigations of amide proton transfer (APT) signals in WMH disease may provide relevant pathophysiological information.PurposeTo evaluate the APT signals differences and heterogeneity of WMH and adjacent normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) at different Fazekas grades and different locations.Study typeProspective.PopulationIn all, 180 WMH patients (age, 40–76; male/female, 77/103) and 59 healthy controls (age, 42–70; male/female, 23/36).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), 3D APT‐weighted (APTw).AssessmentThe mean APTw values (APTwmean) and the APTw signals heterogeneity (APTwmax‐min) among different grades WMH and NAWM and the APTwmean of the same grade deep WMH (DWMH) and paraventricular WMH (PWMH) were calculated and compared. Regions of interests were delineated on WMH lesions, NAWM and healthy white matter.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA); independent sample t test; Chi‐square test. Significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsAPTwmean among different grade WMH (from grade 0 to 3, 0.58 ± 0.14% vs. 0.29 ± 0.23% vs. 0.37 ± 0.24% vs. 0.61 ± 0.22%, respectively) were significantly different except between grade 1 and 2 (P = 0.27) and between grade 0 and 3 (P = 0.97). The differences in APTwmean between WMH and NAWM were significant (WMH vs. NAWM from grade 1 to 3, 0.29% ± 0.23% vs. 0.55% ± 0.27%; 0.37% ± 0.24% vs. 0.59% ± 0.22%; 0.61% ± 0.22% vs. 0.42% ± 0.24%, respectively). Lower APTwmean values were found only in grade 3 NAWM than other grades NAWM and controls. The APTwmax–min values of grade 1–3 WMH (0.38% ± 0.27% vs. 0.51% ± 0.31% vs. 0.67% ± 0.34%, respectively) were significantly different. Higher APTmean values were found only in grade 2 PWMH (0.47% ± 0.22% vs. 0.32% ± 0.24%).Data ConclusionSignificant differences of APT signals were found in WMH of different Fazekas grades and different locations.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sriwastava Shitiz , Khan Erum , Khalid Syed H. , Kaur Arshdeep , Feizi Parissa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the brain, caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is usually seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Here, we describe a case of an immunocompetent patient diagnosed with PML and a comprehensive literature review. A 64‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with acute worsening of progressive neurological decline with difficulty in vision and reading. Based on history, examination, cerebrospinal fluid markers, histopathology, and magnetic resonance imaging brain at the time of presentation diagnosed the patient with PML in a setting of no immunosuppression disorder. The patient was started on Pelfilgrastim with significant systematic improvement. In our literature review, it was seen that the average age of symptom presentation was 57.5 with predominance in males. Most of the patients presented with progressive neurological deficits with symptomology ranging from mild confusion, aphasia, anxiety to sensory disturbances with numbness, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia. Out of the 21 cases, patients responded to mirtazapine and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP). The mortality rate was close to 50% with 11 fatal cases and 10 nonfatal cases. Our case and literature review demonstrate the possibility that PML may very rarely occur in patients that are immunocompetent. Furthermore, our review showed that patients responded well to mirtazapine and IVMP. We also want to highlight that the mortality rate was lower in this review and was only compared to mortality in PML associated with immunocompromised status.
Lapses in breast cancer screening for highly penetrant mutation carriers during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Chichura Anna , Hunt Jonathan , Lang Julie , Pederson Holly 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesScreening for breast cancer in highly penetrant mutation carriers during pregnancy and lactation is challenging and consensus guidelines are lacking. This study evaluates the lapse in screening and the interval pregnancy‐associated breast cancer rate.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective cohort study of pregnant and lactating patients with known pathogenic germline mutations was performed. Lapse in screening was defined as the interval between the last screening imaging exam obtained before last menstrual period and the subsequent screening imaging.ResultsOut of 685 patients, 42 had 1–3 evaluable pregnancies (54 total – 28 managed in High Risk Breast Clinic and 26 by OB/GYN). Mutations were observed in patients in BRCA1 (49%), BRCA2 (36%), CDH1 (5%), CHEK2 (2%), ATM (2%), NF1 (3%), and MSH2 (3%). The average screening lapse was 25 [19, 30] months for patients followed in the High Risk Clinic versus 32.5 [21, 65.75] months for patients followed with Routine Care (p = 0.035). We identified three cases of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer (interval cancer rate 6%).ConclusionsPatients with highly penetrant mutations are at risk for the development of interval pregnancy‐associated breast cancer. Development of consistent screening guidelines and adherence to those guidelines is needed for this patient population.
Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Yang Jing , Xu Bushu , Zhang Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
Incorporating artificial intelligence in urology: Supervised machine learning algorithms demonstrate comparative advantage over nomograms in predicting biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy
Authors: Tan Yu Guang , Fang Andrew H. S. , Lim Jay K. S. , Khalid Farhan , Chen Kenneth , Ho Henry S. S. , Yuen John S. P. , Huang Hong Hong , Tay Kae Jack 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAfter radical prostatectomy (RP), one‐third of patients will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR), which is associated with subsequent metastasis and cancer‐specific mortality. We employed machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict BCR after RP, and compare them with traditional regression models and nomograms.MethodsUtilizing a prospective Uro‐oncology registry, 18 clinicopathological parameters of 1130 consecutive patients who underwent RP (2009–2018) were recorded, yielding over 20,000 data points for analysis. The data set was split into a 70:30 ratio for training and validation. Three ML models: Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were studied, and compared with traditional regression models and nomograms (Kattan, CAPSURE, John Hopkins [JHH]) to predict BCR at 1, 3, and 5 years.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 70.0 months, 176 (15.6%) developed BCR, at a median time of 16.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 11.0–26.0). Multivariate analyses demonstrated strongest association of BCR with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (p: 0.015), positive surgical margins (p < 0.001), extraprostatic extension (p: 0.002), seminal vesicle invasion (p: 0.004), and grade group (p < 0.001). The 3 ML models demonstrated good prediction of BCR at 1, 3, and 5 years, with the area under curves (AUC) of NB at 0.894, 0.876, and 0.894, RF at 0.846, 0.875, and 0.888, and SVM at 0.835, 0.850, and 0.855, respectively. All models demonstrated (1) robust accuracy (>0.82), (2) good calibration with minimal overfitting, (3) longitudinal consistency across the three time points, and (4) inter‐model validity. The ML models were comparable to traditional regression analyses (AUC: 0.797, 0.848, and 0.862) and outperformed the three nomograms: Kattan (AUC: 0.815, 0.798, and 0.799), JHH (AUC: 0.820, 0.757, and 0.750) and CAPSURE nomograms (AUC: 0.706, 0.720, and 0.749) (p < 0.001).ConclusionSupervised ML algorithms can deliver accurate performances and outperform nomograms in predicting BCR after RP. This may facilitate tailored care provisions by identifying high‐risk patients who will benefit from multimodal therapy.
Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are lower in prostate tumor tissue and inversely related to proportion of West African ancestry
Authors: Zenner Morgan L. , Helou Yves B. , Deaton Ryan J. , Sverdlov Maria , Wang Heng , Kajdacsy‐Balla Andre , Macias Virgilia , Voisine Cindy , Murray Marcus , Abdulkadir Sarki A. , Murphy Adam B. , Nonn Larisa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolism of normal prostate relies on glycolysis, with prostate cancer having reduced glycolysis and increased aerobic metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a result of age and glycolytic rate. Differential AGE levels were recently observed in prostate cancer tissues. Herein we sought to quantify AGEs in benign and cancer prostate tissue in a diverse cohort of patients.MethodsLevels of the AGE Nε‐(carboxylethyl)lysine (CML) were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray which consisted of 3 cores from tumor and 2 cores from benign areas from 118 patients (87 African American and 31 European American). Ancestry informative markers for African Ancestry were available for 79 patients. Epithelial and stromal areas were quantified separately using an E‐cadherin mask. CML levels were compared with clinical grade group and ancestry by mixed linear effect models. Age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C were included as covariates.ResultsCML levels were lower in areas of the tumor, for both epithelium and surrounding stroma, compared with benign, but did not significantly change with tumor grade group. Age, PSA levels, BMI, and hemoglobin A1C did not associate with CML levels. CML levels were inversely associated with the percentage of African Ancestry in all tissues.ConclusionsThe low CML levels in cancer may reflect the reduced glycolytic state of the tissue. The inverse relationship between African Ancestry and CML levels in both benign and cancer areas suggests a state of reduced glycolysis. It is yet to be determined whether altered glycolysis and CML levels are bystanders or drivers of carcinogenesis.
Fungicide resistance characterized across seven modes of action in Botrytis cinerea isolated from Australian vineyards
Authors: Harper Lincoln A , Paton Scott , Hall Barbara , McKay Suzanne , Oliver Richard P , Lopez‐Ruiz Francisco J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotrytis bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is an economically important disease of grapes in Australia and across grape‐growing regions worldwide. Control of this disease relies on canopy management and the application of fungicides. Fungicide application can lead to the selection of resistant B. cinerea populations, which has an adverse effect on the management of the disease. Characterizing the distribution and severity of resistant B. cinerea populations is needed to inform resistance management strategies.RESULTSIn this study, 724 isolates were sampled from 76 Australian vineyards during 2013‐2016 and were screened against seven fungicides with different modes of action (MOAs). The resistance frequencies for azoxystrobin, boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole were 5%, 2.8%, 2.1%, 6.2%, 11.6%, 7.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Nearly half of the resistant isolates (43.8%) were resistant to more than one of the fungicides tested. The frequency of vineyards with at least one isolate simultaneously resistant to one, two, three, four or five fungicides was 19.7%, 7.9%, 6.6%, 10.5% and 2.6%. Resistance was associated with previously published genotypes in CytB (G143A), SdhB (H272R/Y), Erg27 (F412S), Mrr1 (D354Y), Bos1 (I365S, N373S + Q369P, I365S + D757N) and Pos5 (V273I, P319A, L412F/V). Novel genotypes were also described in Mrr1 (S611N, D616G), Pos5 (V273L) and Cyp51 (P347S). Expression analysis was used to characterize fludioxonil‐resistant isolates exhibiting overexpression (6.3‐9.6‐fold) of the ABC transporter gene AtrB (MDR1 phenotype).CONCLUSIONResistance frequencies were lower when compared to most previously published surveys of B. cinerea resistance in grape and other crops. Nevertheless, continued monitoring of critical MOAs used in Australian vineyards is recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ru‐Incorporated Nickel Diselenide Nanosheet Arrays with Accelerated Adsorption Kinetics toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Qin Rui , Wang Pengyan , Li Zilan , Zhu Jiexin , Cao Fei , Xu Hanwen , Ma Qianli , Zhang Jinyong , Yu Jun , Mu Shichun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeveloping high‐efficiency electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting is an increasingly important area for sustainable energy evolution. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the incorporation of Ru optimizes the Gibbs free energy of adsorption of H2O molecules and intermediates for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on metal selenide sites, thus boosting electrocatalytic overall water splitting. Accordingly, ruthenium modified nickel diselenide nanosheet arrays are designed and construct on nickel foam (Ru–NiSe2/NF). The obtained Ru–NiSe2/NF electrode with a stable 3D structure shows greatly improved OER and HER activity in alkaline solution. Particularly, toward OER, it only requires 210 mV to obtain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the formation of the intermediate nickel oxyhydroxide as active center during the OER process is captured by in situ Raman. Moreover, the overall water splitting can be driven by a voltage of merely 1.537 V to obtain 10 mA cm−2. This work provides an available strategy for selenides to enhance electrochemical properties and inspires more studies to explore highly efficient electrocatalysts toward full water splitting.