bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floristic composition and diversity at Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) habitat in Tangkahan, Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati Arida , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , ELFIATI DENI , HIDAYAT ASEP , HADI ADHI NURUL , ZAITUNAH ANITA , NAINGGOLAN DARIN , GINTING IDA MALLIA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Hidayat A, Hadi AN, Zaitunah A, Nainggolan D, Ginting IM. 2021. Floristic composition and diversity at Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) habitat in Tangkahan, Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4448-4456. Dipterocarpus spp., or locally known as Keruing, is a wood-producing tree and has high economic value. Keruing also produces derivative products in oil and oleoresin, which are widely used as raw materials for medicines and perfumes. Keruing natural population has been severely declining caused by habitat alteration and also over exploitation. Therefore, information on the composition and diversity of the floristic community at their habitat is important as an initial step in designing conservation actions. This study aims to determine the floristic composition and diversity at the keruing habitat in the Tangkahan area, Gunung Leuser National Park (Gunung Leuser NP). A line transect has been used to establish a purposive sampling in particular forest areas where the population of the keruing is known to grow naturally. Four line transects, each with five nested plots, totaling 110 plots, were established to gather data at four growth stages. The results found 47 species at the seedling stage, 43 species at the sapling stage, 48 species at the pole stage and 65 species at the tree stage. There were three species of keruing in the research location, namely Dipterocarpus haseltii, Dipterocarpus costulatus and Dipterocarpus elongatus Korth with low IVI values ??at each stage. D. haseltii was only found at the seedling, pole and tree stage with IVI values ??of 0.32, 0.30, and 6.90, respectively. D. costulatus was only found at the tree level with an IVI value of 3.43, while D. elongatus found at the sapling and tree stage with an IVI of 0.30 and 3.42, respectively. The diversity index in the research location was in the medium category at the seedling, sapling, and pole levels with a value of 2.96, 2.86, and 2.92, respectively and was classified as high at the tree level with a value of 3.18. The evenness index (E') in all growth stages is high or evenly distributed with the value of E' > 0.75. The species diversity in research location classified into medium-high category although in each stage showing dynamic on species domination. Disturbed habitat due to illegal logging and land conversion caused a problem on keruing regeneration. Conservation efforts, including active monitoring keruing occurrence, ex-situ conservation, and artificial regeneration, are needed to avoid keruing from extinction.
Learning scene and blur model for active chromatic depth from defocus
Authors: Buat Benjamin , Trouvé-Peloux Pauline , Champagnat Frédéric , Le Besnerais Guy 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose what we believe is a new monocular depth estimation algorithm based on local estimation of defocus blur, an approach referred to as depth from defocus (DFD). Using a limited set of calibration images, we directly learn image covariance, which encodes both scene and blur (i.e., depth) information. Depth is then estimated from a single image patch using a maximum likelihood criterion defined using the learned covariance. This method is applied here within a new active DFD method using a dense textured projection and a chromatic lens for image acquisition. The projector adds texture for low-textured objects, which is usually a limitation of DFD, and the chromatic aberration increases the estimated depth range with respect to a conventional DFD. Here, we provide quantitative evaluations of the depth estimation performance of our method on simulated and real data of fronto-parallel untextured scenes. The proposed method is then experimentally evaluated qualitatively using a 3D printed benchmark.
M × N electrically controlled optofluidic matrix switch
Authors: Guo Mingrui , Wan Jing , Yuan Wenzhi , Zhu Xu , Chen Yijing , Wei Shuo 
Published: October 2021

A completely non-blocking

M

×

N

electrically controlled optofluidic
matrix switch that uses a

1

×

3

optical switch with a V-shaped
microchannel as the switching unit is proposed. Its light paths and
output ports are selected by a micro-actuator matrix and a control
circuit. There are few reports of optofluidic matrix switches. Here
the given electrostatic micro-actuator and the basic switch structure
provide an effective feasible manner for the matrix switch due to the
simple and compact structure as well as the operation style. The
impacts of microchannels and intersecting waveguides on the switch
performance are discussed, and multiple optimization schemes are
proposed to reduce the insertion loss efficiently and significantly.
The research results indicate that the

M

×

N

matrix switch has the advantages of
good matrix controllability, simple structure, wide waveband
(400–1700 nm), negligible polarization-dependent loss, small insertion
loss, and low cross talk. For 1550 nm wavelength, the insertion loss
of a

2

×

6

matrix switch is about 0.17–0.55 dB,
and the maximum cross talk is less than

−

26.8

d
B

. In addition, the performance
parameters of a

4

×

8

matrix switch are given and compared
with other reported matrix switches. The proposed

M

×

N

matrix switch solves the problem of
large insertion loss of general optical matrix switches and can be
expanded to a large-scale matrix switch. Moreover, the design of
multiple output ports has more flexible applications in systems with
multiple branch optical paths and network nodes.
Photonic generation of a dual-chirp waveform with an optoelectronic oscillator based on stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Zhou Weinan , Wang Di , Du Cong , Ding Yujiao , Dong Wei 
Published: October 2021

A photonic method to generate a dual-chirp microwave waveform (DCMW) is proposed and demonstrated by utilizing a stimulated Brillouin scattering based optoelectronic oscillator and a frequency scanning laser source (FSLS). There are no radio frequency sources or Mach–Zehnder modulators in the proposed structure, which makes the system simple and stable. In the experiment, an alternative scheme is utilized to replace the FSLS, and the DCMW signal with a central frequency of 4.69 GHz is generated; the bandwidth of the generated DCMW signal is up to 7 GHz and the chirp rate up to

±

5.3

G
H
z

/

µ

s

. The autocorrelation and ambiguity function of the generated signal are also investigated and show good performance of pulse compression and reduction of range-Doppler coupling.
Lunar laser ranging based on a 100  Hz repetition frequency
Authors: Gao Tianquan , Zhou Lixiang , Zhang Caishi , Zhao Hongchao , Wu Xianlin , Li Ming 
Published: October 2021

High-repetition-rate lunar laser ranging (LLR) has great prospects and significance. We
have successfully obtained the effective echo signals of all five
corner-cube reflectors (CCRs) on the lunar surface by using a 100 Hz
repetition rate. This method can effectively improve the detection
ability but has some defects: for example, the main wave and echo
signals overlap. In this paper, the frequency selection and signal
overlap are theoretically analyzed. The results show that the existing
target prediction accuracy can meet the requirement of a 100 Hz
repetition rate LLR. In the experiment, the use of a
high-repetition-rate pulse laser allowed us to obtain detailed CCR
information, such as the column number of CCRs, which will prove that
the effective echo signals of LLR are reflected by the CCRs. Finally,
we propose to use the resolved data to calculate the precision of
inner coincidence and believe the accuracy can be within a
millimeter.
Azimuthal and radial modulation of double-four-wave mixing in a coherently driven graphene ensemble
Authors: Ding Chunling , Li Jiahua , Dai Xiao , Jin Rui-Bo , Hao Xiangying 
Published: October 2021

We investigate in detail the azimuthal and radial modulation (i.e., the azimuthal order l
j
and radial order p
j
with j = 1, 2) of double-four-wave mixing (double-FWM) by use of two higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams in a Landau quantized graphene ensemble. A pair of weak probe pulses in the graphene ensemble interacts with two LG beams and thus two vortex FWM fields with the opposite vorticity are subsequently generated. In combination with numerical simulations, we reveal that (i) there appear l1 + l2 periods of phase jumps in the phase profiles under any conditions; (ii) p + 1 concentric rings emerge in the intensity profile and the strength is mainly concentrated on the inner ring when the two LG beams have the same radial orders (i.e., p1 = p2 = p); (iii) there are p raised narrow rings occurring in the phase profile in the case of p1 = p2 = p and l1 ≠ l2, and the raised narrow rings would disappear when p1 = p2 and l1 = l2; (iv) p
max
+ 1 concentric rings appear in the intensity profile, meanwhile, |p1 − p2| convex discs and p
min
raised narrow rings emerge in the phase diagram in the case of p1 ≠ p2, here p
max
= max(p1, p2) and p
min
= min(p1, p2). Moreover, the two generated FWM fields have the same results, and the difference is that the phase jumps are completely opposite. These findings may have potential application in graphene-based nonlinear optical device by using LG beams with adjustable mode orders.
Diode-side-pumped watt-level high-energy Q-switched mid-IR Er:YLF laser
Authors: Pushkin A. V. , Slovinsky I. A. , Shakirov A. A. , Shavelev A. A. , Potemkin F. V. 
Published: October 2021

We report on a powerful mid-IR diode-side-pumped tunable

E
r

:

L
i
Y
F

4

(Er:YLF) laser electro-optically

Q

-switched with the help of a

K
T
i
O
P
O

4

crystal. At a 20 Hz repetition rate, the laser pulses with output energy of 82 mJ and 13 ns duration at the wavelength of 2.67 µm are obtained. At higher repetition rates (up to 50 Hz), one can extract up to 20 mJ from the laser cavity. The developed mid-IR laser source demonstrates high peak (up to 6.3 MW) and average (up to 1.7 W) power. Realized wavelength tuning provides access for megawatt-peak power-level nanosecond laser pulses over the 2667–2851 nm wavelength region, which are highly demanded for mid-IR laser systems development and light–matter interaction study in the view of extreme-state creation in liquids and solids, paving the way to novel microprocessing techniques.
The impact of the COVID-19 response on the provision of other public health services in the U.S.: A cross sectional study
Authors: Kintziger Kristina W. , Stone Kahler W. , Jagger Meredith A. , Horney Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Funding and staff formerly dedicated to routine public health tasks (e.g., responding to communicable and non-communicable diseases, investigating foodborne outbreaks, conducting routine surveillance) and services (e.g., environmental health, substance abuse, maternal-child health) may no longer be available in many public health departments due to the COVID-19 response. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which staffing for essential public health services has been redirected to the COVID-19 response.

Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional study using a survey distributed through the Qualtrics platform. Individuals (N = 298) working in public health across governmental and academic public health departments in the U.S. during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response were surveyed. Survey items measured multiple domains including professional experience (i.e., training, years of experience, content expertise, job functions, hours worked), mental and physical health status (i.e., generalized anxiety, depression, burnout), and career plans (i.e., pre-pandemic vs. current career plans).

Results
The total number of content expertise areas and programmatic functions covered by individual public health workers increased between January and September of 2020, with 26% (73 of 282) of respondents reporting an increase in both. The total number of respondents working in infectious disease and preparedness remained constant, while declines were reported in program evaluation (-36%) and health education (-27%) and increases were reported in disease investigation (+35%).

Conclusions
The provision of many essential public health functions and tasks have been limited or eliminated while the U.S. public health workforce responds to the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight opportunities for funding and professional development of public health systems, both during and after the COVID-19 response, to help ensure the continuity of essential public health services, staffing sustainability, and preparedness for future public health emergencies in the U.S.
Knowledge and practice of cattle handlers on antibiotic residues in meat and milk in Kwara State, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Olasoju Mary Idowu , Olasoju Taiwo Israel , Adebowale Oluwawemimo Oluseun , Adetunji Victoria Olusola 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
Antibiotics are important for improving animal health and production. However, the deposition of its residues in food of animal origin intended for human consumption at non-permissible levels has generated global health concern and the need to tackle this using the “One Health Approach”. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of 286 cattle handlers in Kwara State, Nigeria.

Methods
A web-based cross sectional online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted from November to December, 2019. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at 95% confidence interval to determine predictors of good knowledge and practices towards Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Milk among cattle handlers.

Results
This study revealed that majority (52.7% n = 165/286) of the cattle handlers were not aware of antibiotic residues. Knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic residues were generally poor among the study population; 36.7% and 35.5% had satisfactory knowledge and practice respectively. The age (p = 0.026), gender (p = 0.006) and business duration (p = 0.001) of participants were significantly associated with their knowledge of antimicrobial residues. The effect of education on knowledge was modified by age. The odds of having poor knowledge on antibiotic residues increased 4 times among participants who were ≤40 years old than those above 40 years (Stratum Specific OR = 3.65; CI = 1.2, 11.1; p = 0.026). Knowledge levels of participants were statistically associated with their practice levels p<0.05 (OR = 2.43; CI = 1.45. 4.06; p = 0.0006).

Conclusion
This implies that poor knowledge is a risk factor to having poor practice among cattle handlers. Deliberate efforts towards educating cattle farmers on best farm practices in antibiotic use would prevent antibiotic residues in meat and milk. Also, an effective surveillance system for monitoring the use of veterinary drugs in Kwara State, Nigeria is crucial.
The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on final year dental students’ self-confidence level in performing clinical procedures
Authors: Ilić Jugoslav , Radović Katarina , Savić-Stanković Tatjana , Popovac Aleksandra , Miletić Vesna , Milić Lemić Aleksandra 
Published: October 2021

Background
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has dramatically changed teaching approach in dental schools due to the switch to distance learning and the lack of practice training in direct contact with patients with possible impact on clinical skills of students. The aim of the study was to assess the level of the 2020 final year dental students’ self-confidence in performing different dental procedures through specially designed questionnaire and compare it to self-confidence of the 2019 final year students.

Materials and methods
An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 40 questions regarding self-confidence level in performing 40 different dental procedures and based on five points Likert-like scale was distributed during November 2020 to final year dental students whose studies were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in one semester. The study group comprised their answers. The comparison was done with the control group that consisted of students’ answers on the same questionnaire from previous 2019 year conducted as a part of regular internal educational evaluation.

Results
Response rate was 74.2% in study group and 89.3% in control group. Mean level of self-confidence reported by 115 students in study group was significantly lower than that reported by 100 students in control group (3.28±1.08 vs. 3.58±0.88, respectively) and the distribution of self-confidence scores were different in observed groups. Graduates from study group felt less confident than those from control in 8 clinical skills.

Conclusion
Abrupt changes in teaching modalities caused by COVID-19 pandemic had significant impact on final year dental students’ self-confidence indicating additional educational needs in postgraduate period.
Health system responsiveness in maternity care at Hadiya zone public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: Users’ perspectives
Authors: Abdo Ritbano Ahmed , Halil Hassen Mosa , Kebede Biruk Assefa , Anshebo Abebe Alemu , Ayalew Minychil Demelash , Nedamo Selamu Abose , Helill Shamill Eanga 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundHealth system responsiveness refers to non-financial, non-clinical qualities of care that reflect respect for human dignity and interpersonal aspects of the care process. The non-clinical aspects of the health system are therefore essential to the provision of services to patients. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the responsiveness in maternity care, domain performance and factors associated with responsiveness in maternity care in the Hadiya Zone public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed on 413 participants using a systematic sampling technique from 1 July to 1 August 2020. An exit interviewer–administered questionnaire was used to collect data. EpiData (version 3.1) and SPSS (version 24) software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were computed to identify the associated factors of health system responsiveness in maternity care at 95% CI.ResultsThe findings indicated that 53.0% of users gave high ratings for responsiveness in delivery care. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, mothers aged ≥ 35 (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1–0.9), urban resident (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.5–4.8), obstetrics complications during the current pregnancy (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1–3.0), and caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2–0.7) were factors associated with poor ratings for responsiveness in maternity care.ConclusionIn the hospitals under investigation, responsiveness in maternity care was found to be good. The findings of this study suggest that the ministry of health and regional health bureau needs to pay attention to health system responsiveness as an indicator of the quality of maternity care.
An ethnobotanical study of wetland flora of Head Maralla Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Sajjad , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Ali Muhammad Azhar , Akbar Muhammad , Mehmood Ansar , Nawaz Fahim , Hussain Syed Atiq , Arshad Noshia , Munir Saba , Arshad Hamna , Shahbaz Khizra , Bussmann Rainer W. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundWetlands are biologically diverse and highly productive ecosystems that support one-third of all threatened and endangered plants of the world. Wetland plants have been studied ethnobotanically much less than terrestrial plants, including in Pakistan, thus information about the uses of local wetland plants in traditional healthcare system is scare. Head Maralla is a non-recognized wetland with diversified flora that has been focused of the current study.MethodsThe ethnobotanical data were collected from four sites viz., River Tavi, Upstream Chenab, River Manawarwala Tavi, and Bhalolpur through questionnaire and interviews during field trips. Quantitative indices including informant consensus factor (ICF), cultural significant indext (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and use value (UV) were used to analyze the data.ResultsOn the whole, 119 plant species were identified belonging to 54 families, of which 87 species were dicot, 12 monocots, 11 aquatic, 5 ferns, and 4 species were bryophytes. Of these, 50% of the plant species were utilized for therapeutic purposes, followed by leaves which had more than 20% usage of total consumption. Herbs were the primary source of medicine (73 spp) followed by trees (22 spp), weeds (11 spp), shrubs (9 spp), foliose (2 spp) and thaloids (2 spp) in the area. Ficranged from 0.66 to 0.93 for constipation and respiratory disorders with an average Ficof 0.87 reflecting a high consensus among the informants about the use of plants to treat particular ailment. Major ailments viz., urination (14%), cough (8.40%), cold (6.70%), stomach (5.90%), asthma (5.90%), skin infection (5%), constipation (5%), and diarrhea (4%) etc., were treated with local plant recipes. The highest CSI value was found forA.vesica(7.55) widely used in respiratory disorders and in digestive problems. RFC ranged from 0.92 to 0.15 with the maximum value obtained forR.communis(0.95). The use values ranged from 0.03 to 0.90 with the maximum use value forR.communis(0.90). A positive correlation was found between CSI and RFC (r = 0.29), and CSI and UV (r = 0.29). The JI values ranged from 7.14 to 0.14 indicating strong affinity with Samahani valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Unique speciesOsmunda regaliswas first time reported from Pakistan with novel uses for renal and blood purifier. Fifteen percent (15%) plants contribute as fodder species consumed by local community for livestock while almost 6.7% species were utilized for timber and fuel purposes.ConclusionThe ecosystem of Head Maralla provide a complex habitat for aqauatic, terrestrial, and agriculture wetland vegetation. It is suggested that conservation efforts should be made to conserve the ethnoecological knowledge of these areas and pharmacological studies should be conducted for noval drug synthesis in future.