bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Automated Placental Volume Quantification From3DUltrasound for Prediction of Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Infants
Authors: Schwartz Nadav , Oguz Ipek , Wang Jiancong , Pouch Alison , Yushkevich Natalie , Parameshwaran Shobhana , Gee James , Yushkevich Paul , Oguz Baris 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesEarly placental volume (PV) has been associated with small‐for‐gestational‐age infants born under the 10th/5th centiles (SGA10/SGA5). Manual or semiautomated PV quantification from 3D ultrasound (3DUS) is time intensive, limiting its incorporation into clinical care. We devised a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) pipeline for fully automated placenta segmentation from 3DUS images, exploring the association between the calculated PV and SGA.MethodsVolumes of 3DUS obtained from singleton pregnancies at 11–14 weeks' gestation were automatically segmented by our CNN pipeline trained and tested on 99/25 images, combining two 2D and one 3D models with downsampling/upsampling architecture. The PVs derived from the automated segmentations (PVCNN) were used to train multivariable logistic‐regression classifiers for SGA10/SGA5. The test performance for predicting SGA was compared to PVs obtained via the semiautomated VOCAL (GE‐Healthcare) method (PVVOCAL).ResultsWe included 442 subjects with 37 (8.4%) and 18 (4.1%) SGA10/SGA5 infants, respectively. Our segmentation pipeline achieved a mean Dice score of 0.88 on an independent test‐set. Adjusted models including PVCNNor PVVOCALwere similarly predictive of SGA10 (area under curve [AUC]: PVCNN = 0.780, PVVOCAL = 0.768). The addition of PVCNNto a clinical model without any PV included (AUC = 0.725) yielded statistically significant improvement in AUC (P < .05); whereas PVVOCALdid not (P = .105). Moreover, when predicting SGA5, including the PVCNN(0.897) brought statistically significant improvement over both the clinical model (0.839,P = .015) and the PVVOCALmodel (0.870,P = .039).ConclusionsFirst trimester PV measurements derived from our CNN segmentation pipeline are significantly associated with future SGA. This fully automated tool enables the incorporation of including placental volumetric biometry into the bedside clinical evaluation as part of a multivariable prediction model for risk stratification and patient counseling.
β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ Phosphor‐in‐Glass Film: An Efficient Laser‐Driven Color Converter for High‐Brightness Wide‐Color‐Gamut Projection Displays
Authors: Yue Xiangming , Xu Ju , Lin Hang , Lin Shisheng , Li Renfu , Wang Bo , Huang Qiugui , Wang Pengfei , Sui Ping , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe green‐emissive laser phosphor is urgently demanded for projection displays to compensate the “Green Gap.” Herein, the well‐known β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ with admirable luminescent feature is incorporated into robust silicate glass matrix, cosintered on sapphire plate, and then constructed into “phosphor wheel,” succeeding in retaining excellent green‐emissive performance and meanwhile relieving the luminescence droop at high pumping density of blue laser. Probing the local effect of laser–matter interaction reveals that the luminescence saturation is majorly determined by thermal quenching, but the influence of intensity quenching cannot be ignored. Systematical works are performed to optimize glass composition, cosintering procedure, sample parameters, and optical path, turning out the maximal quantum efficiency of 60%, thermal conductivity of 9.5 W m−1 K−1, and high saturation threshold far beyond 22 W mm−2. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, accompanied with red laser diode, the constructed light engine yields a high brightness with luminous flux of 1310 lm (luminance of 880 Mcd m−2), a low étendue of ≈1.5 mm2, and a wide color gamut of 112.5% National Television System Committee (NTSC), demonstrating the composite material as an efficient laser‐driven color converter for projection displays.
Photo‐Crosslinked Gelatin‐Based Hydrogel Films to Support Wound Healing
Authors: Stubbe Birgit , Mignon Arn , Van Damme Lana , Claes Karel , Hoeksema Henk , Monstrey Stan , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Dubruel Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGelatin is used widely in the biomedical field, among other for wound healing. Given its upper critical solution temperature, crosslinking is required. To this end, gelatin is chemically modified with different photo‐crosslinkable moieties with low (32–34%) and high (63–65%) degree of substitution (DS): gelatin‐methacrylamide (gel‐MA) and gelatin‐acrylamide (gel‐AA) and gelatin‐pentenamide (gel‐PE). Next to the more researched gel‐MA, it is especially interesting and novel to compare with other gelatin‐derived compounds for the application of wound healing. An additional comparison is made with commercial dressings. The DS is directly proportional to the mechanical characteristics and inversely proportional to the swelling capacity. Gel‐PE shows weaker mechanical properties (G′ < 15 kPa) than gel‐AA and gel‐MA (G′ < 39 and 45 kPa, respectively). All derivatives are predominantly elastic (recovery indices of 89–94%). Gel‐AA and gel‐MA show excellent biocompatibility, whereas gel‐PE shows a significantly lower initial biocompatibility, evolving positively toward day 7. Overall, gel‐MA shows to have the most potential to be applied as wound dressing. Future blending with gel‐AA to improve the curing kinetics can lead to dressings able to compete with current commercial dressings.
Highly Selective Mitsunobu Esterification of Cellulose with Hydroxycinnamic Acids
Authors: Elschner Thomas , Brendler Erica , Fischer Steffen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCellulose esters of hydroxycinnamic acids, namely ferulic‐, p‐coumaric‐, and caffeic acid, are synthesized by Mitsunobu esterification applying triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in N,N‐dimethylacetamide/LiCl. The reaction is found to be highly selective and took place at primary hydroxyl groups at position 6 of cellulose without undesired conversion of double bonds and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Molecular structure characterization is performed by FTIR‐ and NMR spectroscopy. The products are soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and possessed degree of substitution (DS) values of up to 0.5. DS values are determined by two independent methods, namely 1H NMR spectroscopy of peracetylated derivatives and UV spectroscopy of extracted ferulic acid. The synthesis of cellulose hydroxycinnamates is very important to design lignocellulosic model systems and antioxidative bioinspired materials.
Polymeric Ion Conductors Based on Sono‐Polymerized Zwitterionic Polymers for Electrochromic Supercapacitors with Improved Shelf‐Life Stability
Authors: Lee Jae Kyeong , Kim Yong Min , Moon Hong Chul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonolithic electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) have attracted increasing interest in recent electrochemical electronics due to their simplicity and unique ability to visually indicate stored energy levels. One crucial challenge for practical use is the improvement of shelf‐life. Herein, zwitterionic (ZI) ionogels are proposed as effective electrolytes to reduce the self‐discharging decay of ECSs. All‐in‐one ZI electrochromic (EC) gels are produced by one‐pot sono‐polymerization. The presence of ZI moieties in the gel does not affect the EC characteristics of chromophores. In addition, excellent capacitive properties in areal capacitance and coulombic efficiency are presented owing to the alignment of ZI units under an electric field and the formation of ion migration channels where rapid ion transport is allowed. Furthermore, the shelf‐life of the ZI gel‐based ECS is significantly improved by adjusting the interaction between polymeric gelators and ion species. The ZI gel‐based ECS is expected to be a key platform for future smart energy storage devices.
Coarse‐Grained Molecular Simulation of Polymers Supported by the Use of the SAFT‐γ$\gamma$ Mie Equation of State
Authors: Fayaz‐Torshizi Maziar , Müller Erich A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA framework to self‐consistently combine a classical equation of state (EoS) and a molecular force field to model polymers and polymer mixtures is presented. The statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT‐ Mie) model is used to correlate the thermophysical properties of oligomers and generate robust and transferrable coarse‐grained (CG) molecular parameters which can be used both in particle based molecular simulations and in equations of state (EoS) calculations. Examples are provided for polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene atactic polystyrene, 1,4‐cis‐butadiene, polyisoprene, their blends and mixtures with low molecular weight solvents. Different types of liquid–liquid phase behavior are quantitatively captured both by the EoS and by direct molecular dynamics simulations. The use of CG models following this top‐down approach extends the time and length scales accessible to molecular simulation while retaining quantitative accuracy as compared to experimental results.
Phase and dark‐field imaging with mesh‐based structured illumination and polycapillary optics
Authors: Pyakurel Uttam , Sun Weiyuan , Cheung Pikting , D'Moore Desirée , Zhang Xiaoyun , MacDonald Carolyn A. , Petruccelli Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeX‐ray phase and dark‐field (DF) imaging have been shown to improve the diagnostic capabilities of X‐ray systems. However, these methods have found limited clinical use due to the need for multiple precision gratings with limited field of view or requirements on X‐ray coherence that may not be easily translated to clinical practice. This work aims to develop a practicable X‐ray phase and DF imaging system that could be translated and practiced in the clinic.MethodsThis work employs a conventional source to create structured illumination with a simple wire mesh. A mesh‐shifting algorithm is used to allow wider Fourier windowing to enhance resolution. Deconvolution of the source spot width and camera resolution improves accuracy. Polycapillary optics are employed to enhance coherence. The effects of incorporating optics with two different focal lengths are compared. Information apparent in enhanced absorption images, phase images, and DF images of fat embedded phantoms were compared and subjected to a limited receiver operator characteristic (ROC) study. The DF images of the moist and dry porous object (sponges) were compared.ResultsThe mesh‐based phase and DF imaging system constructs images with three different information types: scatter‐free absorption images, differential phase images, and scatter magnitude/DF images, simultaneously from the same original image. The polycapillary optic enhances the coherence of the beam. The deblurring technique corrects the phase signal error due to geometrical blur and the limitation of the camera modulation transfer function (MTF) and removes image artifacts to improve the resolution in a single shot. The mesh‐shifting method allows the use of a wider Fourier processing window, which gives even higher resolution, at the expense of an increased dose. The limited ROC study confirms the efficacy of the system over the conventional system. DF images of moist and dry porous object show the significance of the system in the imaging of lung infections.ConclusionThe mesh‐based X‐ray phase and DF imaging system is an inexpensive and easy setup in terms of alignment and data acquisition and can produce phase and DF images in a single shot with wide field of view. The system shows significant potential for use in diagnostic imaging in a clinical setting.
Development of Novel Isoindolone‐Based Compounds against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Authors: Silva Daniel G. , Feijens Pim‐Bart , Hendrickx Rik , Matheeussen An , Grey Lucie , Caljon Guy , Maes Louis , Emery Flavio S. , Junker Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study identified the isoindolone ring as a scaffold for novel agents against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and explored the structure‐activity relationships of various aromatic ring substitutions. The compounds were evaluated in an integrated in vitro screen. Eight compounds exhibited selective activity against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50<2.2 μm) with no detectable side activity against T. cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Compound 20 showed low nanomolar potency against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50=40 nm) and no toxicity against MRC‐5 and PMM cell lines and may be regarded as a new lead template for agents against T. b. rhodesiense. The isoindolone‐based compounds have the potential to progress into lead optimization in view of their highly selective in vitro potency, absence of cytotoxicity and acceptable metabolic stability. However, the solubility of the compounds represents a limiting factor that should be addressed to improve the physicochemical properties that are required to proceed further in the development of in vivo‐active derivatives.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Luo Lijuan , Shen Nan , Chen Wenjuan , Luo Chengjuan , Huang Xiaohang , Jiang Yuelian , Cao Qing 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionToxoplasmosis is a life‐threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, for several reasons, clinicians know little about Toxoplasma infection.Case presentationWe report a case of toxoplasmosis that was diagnosed by bone marrow smear and metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) after HSCT in a boy. Additionally, we summarize the characteristics of toxoplasmosis after pediatric HSCT reported in the literature published in PubMed.ConclusionClinicians should increase their awareness of toxoplasmosis in children after HSCT and implement pre‐transplant screening and post‐transplant monitoring and prevention in future according to the national conditions of our country.
Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies
Authors: Ota Yasuyuki , Araki Kenji , Nagaoka Akira , Nishioka Kensuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTypically, car roofs are curved, which means that vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) are also curved along the roof surface. The performance of the PV module is influenced by the local cosine loss and self‐shadowing loss due to the curved surface. The ratio between the solar irradiances of curved and flat surfaces is defined as the curve correction factor, and it widely varies with the shape of the curved surface. When the curve correction factor is less than unity, the PV on a curved car roof performs worse than the PV on a flat plate. Understanding the typical range of the curve correction factor is important for the estimation of the energy generated by VIPV. We investigated the curved shapes of 100 lines of cars and 200 cases. The curved shapes were then used to extract eight nondimensional geometric parameters, and the distributions and correlations among the parameters were investigated. The parent population of the curved surfaces was estimated via a Monte Carlo simulation based on an analysis of the statistical characteristics. The distribution of curve correction factors for the car population was calculated via differential geometry weighted by the distribution of incident angles of sunlight (direct and diffused) affected by shading along the streets, which was obtained from 1 year of driving data for Miyazaki City, Japan. The curve correction factors were highly skewed, but the average value was 0.92. This means that VIPV requires a 10% boost in performance to compensate for the inherent loss due to the geometry of curved roofs.
Hydride transfer versus H‐abstraction in the reaction of O3 with 2‐propanol: The influence of solvent
Authors: Reisz Erika , Naumov Sergej , Tekle‐Röttering Agnes , Schmidt Winfried 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper was to systematically investigate the influence of the solvent on mechanism behind O3 reaction with 2‐propanol. Gibbs energies were calculated for the reactions that initiated the possible mechanisms: hydride transfer ((H3C)2(HO)C–H(solv) + O3(solv) → (H3C)2(HO)C+(solv) + HO3−(solv)) and H‐abstraction ((H3C)2(HO)C–H(solv) + O3(solv) → (H3C)2(HO)C•(solv) + HO3•(solv)) under working conditions with various solvents. The characteristic of the solvent used for calculations was the relative dielectric constant, ɛ, which ranged from 2.02 (cyclohexane) to 80 (water). The calculation method was based on density functional theory (DFT). In addition, this study took into consideration the conversion of the radical pair as products of H‐abstraction to the ion pair formed following hydride transfer; the conversion occurred by electron transfer ((H3C)2(HO)C•(solv) + HO3•(solv) → (H3C)2(HO)C+(solv) + HO3−(solv)). Our calculations showed that the reaction of O3 with 2‐propanol was triggered by H‐abstraction in nonpolar solvents, but in polar solvents, mainly by a pseudo‐hydride transfer consisting of H‐abstraction followed by electron transfer between the radicals formed by H‐abstraction. The transition state formed en route to products had a linear structure for water, whereas for cyclohexane, linear and cyclic transition states coexisted.
Mechanisms and applications of bioinspired underwater/wet adhesives
Authors: Cai Chao , Chen Zhen , Chen Yujie , Li Hua , Yang Zhi , Liu Hezhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn nature, many organisms can effectively fix to contact substrates and move and prey in complex living environments, such as underwater, seawater, and tidal environments, owing to special secreted chemical components and/or special micro/nanostructures on the adhesive surface of these organisms. Inspired by the adhesive performance of organisms, extensive research related to adhesive components and adhesive surfaces has been conducted recently. To better understand the underlying adhesive mechanisms and facilitate further continuous inspiration, a brief overview of recent wet/underwater adhesive materials is provided herein. First, the adhesive processes and underlying mechanisms of commonly researched organisms, such as mussels, octopuses, clingfish, and tree frogs, are discussed, and the corresponding bioinspired artificial adhesives are presented. Then, the applications of these bioinspired adhesives, such as intelligent robots (signal monitoring and sensing devices), wearable devices (including wet climbing and electronic skin), biomedicines (including wound dressings, bone adhesion, and rapid hemostasis), are presented and summarized. Finally, we offer our perspective on the future challenges and development of bioinspired artificial adhesives.
Quantitative analysis of 17 hypoglycemic drugs in fingerprints using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Du Qiuyao , Zhang Yunfeng , Wang Jifen , Chang Jing , Wang Aihua , Ren Xinxin , Liu Bingjie 
Published: September 2021

RationaleThe objective of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a method for the determination and quantification of 17 hypoglycemic drugs in fingerprints using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTRAP‐MS/MS). We also aimed to apply the present method to the fingerprints collected from patients with hyperglycemia.MethodsThe scheduled multiple reaction monitoring information‐dependent acquisition‐enhanced product ion (SMRM‐IDA‐EPI) scanning mode was utilized. The chromatographic system consisted of an Acquity UHPLC® BEH C18 column (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) and a mobile phase of 0.01% (v/v) formic acid in water and methanol. Analytes were extracted via a precipitation protein procedure. The method was validated in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance and applied to the analysis of fingerprint deposits from subjects who had taken the drugs.ResultsThe limits of detection (LODs) and the lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) of 17 hypoglycemic drugs were 0.001 to 0.020 and 0.002 to 0.050 ng/fingerprint, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) for the calibration curves were > 0.99 in the range of 0.050–50.000 ng/fingerprint. The matrix effect and recovery of 17 hypoglycemic drugs at three concentrations ranged from 81.1 to 117.3% and 80.0 to 109.6%, respectively. The validation data (intra‐ and inter‐day combined) for accuracy ranged from 85.5 to 117.2%, the CV (%) data were ≤19.7%. All analytes were found to be stable stored in the autosampler (4°C) for 24 h. This validated method was successfully applied to detect hypoglycemic drugs in fingerprints from patients with hyperglycemia.ConclusionsA quantification method for hypoglycemic drugs in fingerprints was developed, optimized, and validated. This sensitive method could be used for drug monitoring and providing reference information in forensic investigations.
Do cyprinid fish use lateral flow‐refuges during hydropeaking?
Authors: Boavida Isabel , Costa Maria João , Portela Maria Manuela , Godinho Francisco , Tuhtan Jeffrey , Pinheiro António 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydropeaking caused by small‐scale hydropower plants creates rapid changes in the intensity, frequency, and persistence of river flows. These changes can induce stress in fish across all life‐stages and, may negatively impact fish communities. Rapid increases in the flow velocity may cause fish to avoid unstable habitats, seeking out nearby refuges to reduce their energy expenditure. A lateral flow‐refuge constructed from maritime plywood (0.4 m wide × 0.5 m long × 0.4 m high) was installed in the left river bank, 40 m downstream of the Bragado hydropower plant. A multispectral stereo underwater camera trap was installed inside the flow‐refuge to monitor fish over one‐month period. The camera recorded images continuously both during base and peak flow conditions. Two different peak‐flow conditions were detected: peak and high peak‐flow conditions. The peak flow conditions correspond to a turbine discharge of 0.67 m3/s (peak), and 2.1 m3/s (high peak) at full load. The base‐flow condition corresponded to a discharge of 0.064 m3/s. The fish presence inside the refuge was observed to be significantly higher during the peak condition when compared with the base and high peak conditions. These findings strongly indicate that the flow during the high peak condition prevented fish from using the flow‐refuge due to the increase in the current. We hypothesize that this may be due to the increase in the current velocity and increased levels of ambient turbulence near the refuge. An alternate hypothesis is that the spatial distribution of velocities and depths during the high peak condition induced fish to inhabit areas with poor access to the refuge. The results of this study indicate that fish refuges can be used to successfully mitigate hydropeaking, and that their use by fish can depend on the flow regime.