bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene origin and colonization history ofLobelia columnarisHook. f. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) across sky islands of West Central Africa
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Miguel A. , Yu Wen‐Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe aimed to infer ancestral area and historical colonization ofLobelia columnarisin the sky islands of Bioko and Cameroon through dated phylogeny using chloroplast genomes. Specifically, we aim to answer the following questions: (1) What are the phylogenetic relationships among Bioko Island and Cameroon populations? (2) Are the older populations found in the older sky islands? We assembled novel plastomes from 20 individuals ofL. columnarisfrom 5 mountain systems. The plastome data were explored with phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference. The populations ofL. columnarishave a monophyletic origin, subdivided into three plastomes‐geographic clades. The plastid phylogenomic results and age of the sky islands indicate thatL. columnariscolonized first along with the Cameroon Volcanic Line's young sky islands of Bioko. The crown group (1.54 Ma) split the population in Bioko and mainland Cameroon. It is possible that Bioko was the ancestral area and likely isolated during cold and dry conditions in forest refugia. Presumably, the colonization history occurred during the middle‐late Pleistocene from South Bioko's young sky island to North Bioko and the northern old sky islands in Cameroon. Furthermore, the central depression with lowland forest between North and South Bioko is a current geographic barrier that keeps separating the populations of Bioko from each other. Also, the shallow sea channel keeps isolated the populations of Bioko and the mainland populations. The Pleistocene climatic oscillations led to the divergence of the Cameroon and Bioko populations into three clades.L. columnariscolonized the older sky islands in mainland Cameroon after establishment in Bioko's younger sky islands. Contrary to expectations, the biogeography history was an inverse progression with respect to the age of the Afromontane sky islands.
Antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapies in cardiogenic shock: a critical review of the published literature
Authors: Radu Razvan I. , Ben Gal Tuvia , Abdelhamid Magdy , Antohi Elena‐Laura , Adamo Marianna , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Geavlete Oliviana , Lopatin Yuri , Lyon Alexander , Miro Oscar , Metra Marco , Parissis John , Collins Sean P. , Anker Stefan D. , Chioncel Ovidiu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex multifactorial clinical syndrome, developing as a continuum, and progressing from the initial insult (underlying cause) to the subsequent occurrence of organ failure and death. There is a large phenotypic variability in CS, as a result of the diverse aetiologies, pathogenetic mechanisms, haemodynamics, and stages of severity. Although early revascularization remains the most important intervention for CS in settings of acute myocardial infarction, the administration of timely and effective antithrombotic therapy is critical to improving outcomes in these patients. In addition, other clinical settings or non‐acute myocardial infarction aetiologies, associated with high thrombotic risk, may require specific regimens of short‐term or long‐term antithrombotic therapy. In CS, altered tissue perfusion, inflammation, and multi‐organ dysfunction induce unpredictable alterations to antithrombotic drugs' pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Other interventions used in the management of CS, such as mechanical circulatory support, renal replacement therapies, or targeted temperature management, influence both thrombotic and bleeding risks and may require specific antithrombotic strategies. In order to optimize safety and efficacy of these therapies in CS, antithrombotic management should be more adapted to CS clinical scenario or specific device, with individualized antithrombotic regimens in terms of type of treatment, dose, and duration. In addition, patients with CS require a close and appropriate monitoring of antithrombotic therapies to safely balance the increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis.
Prognostic impact of systolic blood pressure in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in older patients
Authors: Putot Sophie , Hacquin Arthur , Manckoundia Patrick , Putot Alain 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsRecent guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) target below 130 mmHg in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whatever their age. We investigated whether this intensive SBP control was associated with better survival in very old adults hospitalized for acute HFpEF.Methods and resultsWe conducted an observational study in an acute geriatric unit: all consecutive patients discharged from hospital for acute heart failure from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 with a diagnosis of HFpEF were included. Re‐hospitalization and all‐cause mortality at 1 year were compared according to the mean SBP at discharge (patients with a mean SBP < 130 mmHg vs. those with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg). We included 81 patients with a mean age of 89 years. Among them, 47 (58%) were re‐hospitalized and 37 (46%) died at 1 year. All‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval]: 1.50 [0.75–2.98], P = 0.2) and re‐hospitalization rate (HR: 1.04 [0.58–1.86], P = 0.90) at 1 year did not significantly differ between patients with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and those with SBP < 130 mmHg at discharge. However, a prescription for antihypertensive drugs at discharge was associated with a better long‐term prognosis (all‐cause mortality: HR: 0.42 [0.20–0.88], P = 0.02; re‐hospitalization rate: HR: 0.56 [0.28–1.10], P = 0.09).ConclusionsAlthough SBP < 130 mmHg at discharge was not associated with a better prognosis among very old patients hospitalized for acute HFpEF, the prescription of antihypertensive drugs was associated with mortality and re‐hospitalization rates that were reduced by half. Future prospective studies are needed to assess target blood pressure in very elderly patients with HFpEF.
Two‐layered Au@Ag Bimetallic Nanocomposites‐poly (L‐Met) Platform for Highly Sensitive Chlorpheniramine Maleate Detection
Authors: Bayraktepe Dilek Eskiköy , Yazan Zehra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe two‐layered bimetallic Au@Ag and poly(L‐methionine) (Au@Ag/p‐L‐met) sensor was newly developed for the electrochemical determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). After electropolymerization of L‐met, bimetallic surfaces were prepared by electrodeposition of Au@Ag nanoparticles on the p‐L‐met/PGE. The surface characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor shows good electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity, wide linear range (0.87–600.0 μM) and a low detection limit (0.26 μM) by using Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor was used to determine CPM in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.
Penalized mediation models for multivariate data
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Dikilitas Ozan , Sinnwell Jason P. , Kullo Iftikhar J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStatistical methods to integrate multiple layers of data, from exposures to intermediate traits to outcome variables, are needed to guide interpretation of complex data sets for which variables are likely contributing in a causal pathway from exposure to outcome. Statistical mediation analysis based on structural equation models provide a general modeling framework, yet they can be difficult to apply to high‐dimensional data and they are not automated to select the best fitting model. To overcome these limitations, we developed novel algorithms and software to simultaneously evaluate multiple exposure variables, multiple intermediate traits, and multiple outcome variables. Our penalized mediation models are computationally efficient and simulations demonstrate that they produce reliable results for large data sets. Application of our methods to a study of vascular disease demonstrates their utility to identify novel direct effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease, while disentangling the effects of SNPs on the intermediate risk factors including lipids, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.
Novel loop neurorrhaphy technique to preserve lower lip sensate in mandibular reconstruction using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap
Authors: Abdelrehem Ahmed , Shi Jingcun , Wang Xudong , Wu Ziqian , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Zhang Chengyao , Li Siyi , Zhang Chenping , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to introduce a novel loop neurorrhaphy technique using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap (VIBF) with vascularized ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) to reconstruct the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and preserve lower lip sensation simultaneously with mandibular reconstruction.MethodsThis study prospectively included patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction using VIBF from May 2018 to April 2020. Subjects were allocated into two groups: (1) Group I; innervated VIBF with loop neurorrhaphy (IIN doubly anastomosed with IAN and mental nerve), (2) Group II (control); conventional VIBF. Evaluation was done with operative time, intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG), lower lip sensory assessment (two‐point discrimination [TPD] test and current perception threshold [CPT]), and drooling.ResultsTwelve patients were included; 6 in each group, (7 males and 5 females), age ranging from 18 to 57 years (average: 36.75 years). In all cases, intraoperative perfusion of IIN was confirmed by ICG. Group I showed a statistically significant more flap harvesting time compared with group II (mean difference, 5.67 min; P = 0.0091). There was a significant difference in sensory recovery favoring group I (P < 0.05). The TPD results in group I showed an average of 9.8 ± 6.9 mm and 6.2 ± 5.7 mm on operated and non‐operated sides, while Group II showed a poor sensory recovery, and the TPD showed an average of 24.6 ± 6.7 mm and 8.4 ± 2.3 mm on operated and non‐operated sides. The CPT results showed a significant difference between both groups. In Group I, the extent of drooling was 3.16 ± 0.75, while in Group II, the score was 1.6 ± 0.81, revealing a significant difference favoring Group I.ConclusionsConcurrent mandibular reconstruction using VIBF and loop neurorrhaphy with vascularized IIN to reconstruct IAN successfully restore lower jaw form and preserve lip sensation.
What just happened? Student perspectives on health promotion placements during COVID‐19
Authors: McIver Shane , Murphy Berni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIssue addressedThe emergence of COVID‐19 forced the health industry to re‐imagine its role and drove Work Integrated Learning (WIL) practicums into virtual spaces, adding complexity for students in these programs. Studies documenting the impact of these outcomes as well as the student experience during these tumultuous times are few, and therefore this study investigated students’ lived experience using data sourced from personal observations and insights and subsequent analysis of their own narratives.MethodsThis qualitative study involved researchers applying a thematic analysis to online student blogs which documented their experiences as posted in the discussion forums. Recruitment resulted in a final dataset of 27 providing informed consent, representing a total 36% response rate.ResultsSeveral themes were identified, including: (a) a need for guidance regarding the shift from group work as assignments to teamwork as a workplace practice, (b) to further develop effective communication and technology skills, (c) learn more about productive time management and (d) further understand transitioning from student to practitioner.ConclusionsThis study affirmed that working virtually has a comparable capacity to foster positive, pre‐professional identity and thinking more as a practitioner, despite the absence of a face‐to‐face setting.So what?Findings revealed (a) what educators can expect now that approaches to WIL have expanded, (b) how to prepare students for more diverse experiences in circumstances requiring sudden change and (c) how to reconfigure the curriculum and procedures to provide more supportive resources for students and agencies alike.
Influence of nonlinear radiation on MHD micropolar fluid flow with viscous dissipation
Authors: Kataria Hari R. , Mistry Mital , Mittal Akhil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study takes account of the impact of the convective boundary conditions. The energy equation consists of Joule heating and thermal nonlinear radiation impacts. Contact between the solid and the fluid is also susceptible to a velocity slip. The resultant differential equations system is solved using homotopy analysis method. To find all numerical computations, Mathematica is utilized. The behavior, with graphical results, of pertinent parameters in micropolar fluid flow characteristics is studied. We look at the impact of the material parameter, magnetic parameter, slip parameter, and electrical parameter to grasp the physics of the problem better. Different values of skin friction, wall couple stress, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed.
Analysis of pressure and heat distribution in a dilating or contracting filter chamber with two outlets using multivariate spectral quasilinearization method
Authors: Lekoko Modisawatsona L. , Oloniiju Shina D. , Magalakwe Gabriel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient filters is an essential part of industrial machinery design, specifically to increase the lifespan of a machine. In the filter chamber design considered in this study, the magnetic material is placed along the horizontal surface of the filter chamber. The inside of the filter chamber is layered with a porous material to restrict the outflow of unwanted particles. This study aims to investigate the flow, pressure, and heat distribution in a dilating or contracting filter chamber with two outlets driven by injection through a permeable surface. The proposed model of the fluid dynamics within the filter chamber follows the conservation equations in the form of partial differential equations. The model equations are further reduced to a steady case through Lie's symmetry group of transformation. They are then solved using a multivariate spectral‐based quasilinearization method on the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto nodes. Insights and analyses of the thermophysical parameters that drive optimal outflow during the filtration process are provided through the graphs of the numerical solutions of the differential equations. We find, among other results, that expansion of the filter chamber leads to an overall decrease in internal pressure and an increase in heat distribution inside the filter chamber. The results also show that shrinking the filter chamber increases the internal momentum inside the filter, which leads to more outflow of filtrates.
Nut consumption in association with overall mortality and recurrence/disease‐specific mortality among long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Wang Cong , Gu Kai , Wang Fei , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Bao Pingping , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh nut consumption is associated with reduced total and certain cause‐specific mortality in general populations. However, its association with cancer outcomes among long‐term breast cancer survivors remains unknown. We examined the associations of nut consumption (including peanuts and tree nuts), assessed at 5‐year postdiagnosis, with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) among 3449 long‐term breast cancer survivors from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, applying Cox regression analysis. During a median follow‐up of 8.27 years post dietary assessment, there were 374 deaths, including 252 breast cancer deaths. Among 3274 survivors without previous recurrence at the dietary assessment, 209 developed breast cancer‐specific events, that is, recurrence, metastasis or breast cancer mortality. At 5‐year post dietary assessment (ie, 10‐year postdiagnosis), regular nut consumers had higher OS (93.7% vs 89.0%) and DFS (94.1% vs 86.2%) rates. After multivariable adjustment, nut consumption was positively associated with OS (Ptrend = .022) and DFS (Ptrend = .003) following a dose‐response pattern, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.72 (0.52‐1.05) for OS and 0.48 (0.31‐0.73) for DFS, for participants with greater than median nut intake compared with nonconsumers. The associations did not vary by nut type. Stratified analyses showed that the associations were more evident among participants with a higher total energy intake for OS (Pinteraction = .02) and among participants with early stage (I‐II) breast cancers for DFS (Pinteraction = .04). The nut‐DFS associations were not modified by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status or other known prognostic factors. In conclusion, nut consumption was associated with better survival, particularly DFS, among long‐term breast cancer survivors.
In‐depth molecular analysis of combined and co‐primary pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hermans Bregtje C. M. , Derks Jules L. , Hillen Lisa M. , van der Baan Irene , van den Broek Esther C. , von der Thüsen Jan H. , van Suylen Robert‐Jan , Atmodimedjo Peggy N. , den Toom T. Dorine , Coumans‐Stallinga Cecile , Timens Wim , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. ,   PALGA‐group
Published: October 2021

AbstractUp to 14% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are diagnosed in continuity with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In addition to these combined lesions, 1% to 7% of lung tumors present as co‐primary tumors with multiple synchronous lesions. We evaluated molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of combined and co‐primary LCNEC‐adenocarcinoma (ADC) tumors. Ten patients with LCNEC‐ADC (combined) and five patients with multiple synchronous ipsilateral LCNEC and ADC tumors (co‐primary) were included. DNA was isolated from distinct tumor parts, and 65 cancer genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was performed including neuroendocrine markers, pRb, Ascl1 and Rest. Pure ADC (N = 37) and LCNEC (N = 17) cases were used for reference. At least 1 shared mutation, indicating tumor clonality, was found in LCNEC‐ and ADC‐parts of 10/10 combined tumors but only in 1/5 co‐primary tumors. A range of identical mutations was observed in both parts of combined tumors: 8/10 contained ADC‐related (EGFR/KRAS/STK11 and/or KEAP1), 4/10 RB1 and 9/10 TP53 mutations. Loss of pRb IHC was observed in 6/10 LCNEC‐ and 4/10 ADC‐parts. The number and intensity of expression of Ascl1 and neuroendocrine markers increased from pure ADC (low) to combined ADC (intermediate) and combined and pure LCNEC (high). The opposite was true for Rest expression. In conclusion, all combined LCNEC‐ADC tumors were clonally related indicating a common origin. A relatively high frequency of pRb inactivation was observed in both LCNEC‐ and ADC‐parts, suggesting an underlying role in LCNEC‐ADC development. Furthermore, neuroendocrine differentiation might be modulated by Ascl1(+) and Rest(−) expression.
Nanoscale hybrid implant surfaces and Osterix‐mediated osseointegration
Authors: Morandini Rodrigues Laís , Lima Zutin Elis A. , Sartori Elisa M. , Rizzante Fabio A. P. , Mendonça Daniela B. S. , Krebsbach Paul H. , Jepsen Karl J. , Cooper Lyndon F. , Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Mendonça Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEndosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale topographic modification of titanium implants on Osterix gene expression since this gene has been reported as key factor for bone formation. Titanium implants with smooth and nanoscale topographies were implanted in the femurs of Osterix‐Cherry mice for 1–21 days. Implant integration was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate cell adhesion on implant surfaces, histology, and nanotomography (NanoCT) to observe and quantify the formed bone‐to‐implant interface, flow cytometry to quantify of Osterix expressing cells in adjacent tissues, and real‐time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the osteoinductive and osteogenic gene expression of the implant‐adherent cells. SEM revealed topography‐dependent adhesion of cells at early timepoints. NanoCT demonstrated greater bone formation at nanoscale implants and interfacial osteogenesis was confirmed histologically at 7 and 14 days for both smooth and nanosurface implants. Flow cytometry revealed greater numbers of Osterix positive cells in femurs implanted with nanoscale versus smooth implants. Compared to smooth surface implants, nanoscale surface adherent cells expressed higher levels of Osterix (Osx), Alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Paired related homeobox (Prx1), Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and Osteocalcin (Ocn). In conclusion, nanoscale surface implants demonstrated greater bone formation associated with higher levels of Osterix expression over the 21‐day healing period with direct evidence of surface‐associated gene regulation involving a nanoscale‐mediated osteoinductive pathway that utilizes Osterix to direct adherent cell osteoinduction.
Trimetazedine with hyperinsulinimea–euoglycemia, N‐acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C: A new approach concept for management of aluminum phosphide poisoning
Authors: El Shehaby Doaa M. , Sayed Sally A. , Abd El‐Kareem Doaa M. , Elsherif Raghda , Almaz Doaa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAluminum phosphide (AlP) is commonly used as a powerful suicidal tool. The exact mechanism of acute toxicity has not been well defined despite high mortality rates as well as its supportive treatment including rapid decontamination and institution of resuscitative measures. The current study aimed to investigate a new combination therapy using trimetazidine, N‐acetyl cysteine, vitamin C, and hyperinsulinemia–euglycemia to manage acute AlP poisoning. Acute AlP‐induced cardiotoxicity, hemodynamic changes, and hepatotoxicity were evaluated using electrocardiogram, creatinine kinase MB iso‐enzyme, troponin‐1, blood pressure, random blood glucose level, liver function tests, and histopathological changes in both the heart and liver in a rabbit model of AlP poisoning. The results showed that the new regimen therapy ameliorates the toxic effect of AlP with significant improvement in survival, cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters in addition to histopathological changes. These results highlight the strong cardioprotective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective effects of the new combined therapy along with correction of hemodynamic changes and hyperglycemia as a potential target in the management of acute AlP poisoning.
Natural organic matter under human‐influenced environments: Implications for future environmental quality research
Authors: Chow Alex T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConsiderable recent research has confirmed that anthropogenic materials including microplastics and nanomaterials have been integrated into soil and dissolved organic matter in the environment. These pools of organic matter could be geochemically processed through different pathways and have different chemical and physical characteristics than the pools of natural organic matter (NOM). However, environmental scientists and engineers currently refer to any organic matter collected in soil, water, and sediments as NOM. Since “real” NOM pools are rapidly dissipated due to losses in natural landscapes, the shift from NOM to human influenced‐organic matter (Hi‐OM) pools could have huge ecological impacts on the environment. Future environmental quality research should highlight the differences between Hi‐OM from NOM.