bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A design of sequential reversible circuits by reversible gates
Authors: Andaloussi Issam , Brahim Sedra Moulay 
Published: February 2021

Reversible logic has become increasingly important in the design of low power CMOS circuits, quantum computing and nanotechnology. In this article we work on recent sequential circuits namely RS Flip Flop JK Flop Flip Flop Flop Flip Flop Master Slave Flip Flop using some reversible gates FG (Feyman Gate), FRG (Fredkin Gate), NG (New Gate) , PG (Peres Gate), BJN (New BJN Gate), while modifying them to obtain new circuits keeping their same functionality and increasing their performances.Â Â Â
Influence of workers performance to implementation of security, safety, health, and sustainability
Authors: Arya Putra N.N Sidiq , Widyaningsih Nunung , P.K. Bintoro Bambang 
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the effect of worker behavior on security, safety, health, and sustainability (In Indonesian referred to as Keamanan, Keselamatan, Kesehatan, and Keberlanjutan or K4). This study employed a descriptive research method using a quantitative approach. The sample/ subject of the study was obtained through a random sample method with a total sample of 55 respondents. Data analysis in this study was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS); a variant based choice method of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. This method was used to explain the relationship of an independent variable with its indicators and to illustrate the relationship between an independent and dependent variable using the SmartPLS software. The results of the analysis indicate that K4 was strongly influenced by the behavior of construction workers with the highest significance value in the sequence, namely the workers, attitude, knowledge, and actions.Â Â Â Â
The consequence of corona-virus (covid-19) on e-business in Pakistan
Authors: Waqas Ashraf Muhammad , Khalid Latif Dr. , Maqbool Khan Qaisar , Jabbar Jahangir 
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the consequences of Corona-virus (COVID-19) on the online business in Pakistan. COVID 19 changed the business world operations and procedures drastically. The new business norms evolved, and the human beings learned new practices for their behavior and business conduct. Developed nations like USA, UK, Italy suffered collapse of health care and economic activities. COVID-19 impacted all businesses including E-Business but the e-business is among few who got dual impact as most of the business activities are moving from physical to online that is e-business but due to the lock down e-businesses are not able to get the items on time. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and local business-es in Pakistan incurred huge losses due to the lock down and lack of facilities in developing countries like Pakistan. Some of the small-scale business permanently closed due to the COVID-19. E-Business also faces these terrible conditions in Pakistan due to the lack of government support and awareness. Many E-Commerce business imports product from China so that is the reason it is assumed that the Pakistani E-Business harshly effected by the COVID-19. This research survey shows that the COVID-19 has a negative impact on the e-Business in Pakistan.Â Â
Emerging trends in the developments of low power design technique
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov 
Published: February 2021

In this paper is introduced a low power design technique for developing more reliable, functional, and more cost-effective handheld cellular telephones, portable computers, and peripherals. The portability requirements of handheld computers and other portable devices have placed tremendous pressure on electronic equipment designers, who need to deal with restrictions in the size of electronic units and power consumption. Even though battery technology is continuously improving, including reduced power consumption of processors and displays, extensive and continuous use of network services aggravates these issues. Now the onus is on the research and industrial communities to extend battery life and reduce weight. Equally, research on new techniques and technologies continues, to carefully manage energy consumption in mobile devices, while still providing continuous and fast connections to services and applications. This paper also discusses the novel trends in the developments and advancements in the area of low power Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design, dynamic power dissipation static power loss in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS), and advanced low power technique. Though low power as a well-established domain that undergone lots of developments from transistor sizing, process shrinkage, voltage scaling, clock gating, etc., to adiabatic logic are elaborated.Â Â
Analysis of power factor corrections for obtaining improved power factors of switching mode power supply
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov 
Published: February 2021

This article discusses such an important issue as the power factor of Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) and its improvement through Power Factor Correction (PFC). The power factor shows how effectively uses the consumption of electric energy by certain loads connected to the power distribution system with Alternative Current (AC), which is very critical for the electricity-producing industry. The number of power factors is a dimensionless value that can vary from -1 to 1. Thus, in an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of transferring useful power, which may cause overloading of the power grid and lead to over-expenditure of electricity. Otherwise, designing power factor correction (PFC) into modern switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) has evolved over the past few years due to the introduction of many new controller integrated circuits (IC). Today, it is possible to design a variety of PFC circuits with different modes of operation, each with its own set of challenges. As the number of choices has increased, so has the complexity of making the choice and then executing the new design. In this article, the design considerations and details of operation for the most popular approaches are provided.Â Â
Assessment of knowledge and attitude of radiographers towards radiation protection in al Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alotaibi Layali , Alkhalifah Bassam 
Published: February 2021

Background: Ionizing radiation is important medical imaging techniques. Medical imaging is a powerful tool for diagnosis of many diseases. Although, it has potential benefits and it has harmful risks that should not be ignored.Objective: This study aims to assessing the current knowledge and attitude toward radiation protection, radiological examination doses, and impact of radiation exposure among radiographers working in health facilities in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.Design and Setting: This cross sectional prospective survey included 100 radiographers from different governmental and private hospitals in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, in the duration from October 2018 to December 2018, through self â€“administered questionnaires The questionnaire consisted of three sections: the first section focused on radiographersâ€™ demographic data, the second assessed the current knowledge and attitude towards radiation protection, and the third assessed the current knowledge and attitude towards radiological examination doses .Results: Out of the 100 responders to the survey, 69 male and 31 female radiographers were included. It was observed that most of the radiographers were younger than 30 years old, with less than five years of experience in 54% of them. Most of the responders (84%) had a bachelor degree or higher.The level of education and years of experience influenced the knowledge of radiation doses especially for abdominal/pelvis CT p=0.016), thyroid isotope scan (p<0.001) and brain MRI doses (p=0.002). Additionally, a significant difference was found in awareness to patient radiation protection measures (p<0.001) and the radiographersâ€™ opinion on the personnel who are exposed to radiation the most (p<0.001).Conclusion: the current level of knowledge is inadequate. Training programs and on job training can improve the practice. Further studies with larger sample size are needed.Â Â
A single-centered study of factors affecting colistin related nephropathy
Authors: Ã‡akmak GÃ¼zin , Abidin Ã–ztÃ¼rk Zeynel 
Published: February 2021

Background: Colistin is an old antibiotic and used for resistant gram-negative infections. Nephrotoxicity is the most common side effect and restricts clinicians to use it. Many risk factors suggested for the development of nephropathy. It could be better to know risks to prevent nephropathy development. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate factors that affecting the development of nephropathy in patients who were hospitalized in hematology, oncology, palliative care, and intensive care units. Methods: 125 patients aged 20-93 years old were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data were obtained from the pharmacy of the university hospital and information management system of the hospital. Results: Among 125 patients included in the study, 15 developed KDIGO stage 1 nephropathy, 21 stages two nephropathies, and four stages three nephropathies, respectively. Age, albumin level, and bilirubin levels were shown to be related to nephropathy. We found the cut off value of albumin 3.05 mg/dl for development of nephropathy (sensitivity 70%; specificity 66%; CI=95%, p=0.003) and mortality (sensitivity 69%; specificity 61%; CI=95%, p<0.001). We revealed that age and bilirubin levels independently affected the development of nephropathy in linear regression analysis (r2 =0.131, p=0.032; p=0.015). Also, mortality was denoted to be related to albumin and bilirubin levels independently in linear regression analysis (r2 =0.161, p=0.03; p=0.004). Conclusions: Older age, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperbilirubinemia were risk factors for colistin related nephropathy and mortality. Further studies will be better to elucidate relationships more clearly.Â Â Â
Clinical impacts of the Sudanese anatomical variations in a relation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the inferior thyroid artery
Authors: Elghazali Elhasan Mohamed , Mohialddin Doush Wael 
Published: February 2021

Background: Until recently, the knowledge of the anatomical variations in the relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) combined with visual intraoperative RLN identification are essential for the protection of these life-important structures during surgical exposure and the mobilization of thyroid and parathyroid glands. This leads to the proper treatment of patients and improvement of the surgical techniques.Aim: To describe anatomical variations in the relationship of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the inferior thyroid artery in the Sudanese population.Patients and methods: Following ethical committee approval, an observational descriptive prospective cross-sectional study in the period between March 2019 and February 2020, for anatomical variations in the relation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the inferior thyroid artery in seventy-two cervical sides of thirty-six well-dissected embalmed Sudanese cadavers. The RLN was investigated in three positions: posterior to the ITA main trunk, anterior to the ITA main trunk and between the ITA branches. Then, the results were analyzed according to the gender, age and dissection side.Results: We found that the anatomical variations were more frequent in males (97.2%) than females (2.8%). The age of these variations ranged between 31â€“45 years which represents (61.1%). On the right side of the neck, the commonest position of the RLN is posterior to the ITA (63.9%) followed by in decreasing order of frequency, the RLNs run between the ITA branches (30.6%) and anterior to the ITA (5.6%). On the left side of the neck, the commonest position of the RLN is posterior to the ITA (69.4%). It passed between the ITA branches in (30.6%) of specimens. There was no anterior location of the RLN to the ITA. Variations in a relationship of the RLN to the ITA on one side is significantly different from the opposite side.Conclusions: Although the risk of potential damage to the RLN during surgical neck procedures involving the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands is well recognized, pre-operative detailed surgeonâ€™s knowledge for these frequent anatomical variations and the usage of the ITA as an anatomical landmark for intraoperative RLN recognition is important. This will lead to a reduction of iatrogenic RLN injury prevalence. Future studies are recommended to compare the findings on this cadaveric study with a larger sample size in the long-term period.Â Â
Retrospective observational study and comparative review of lymph node yield in open vs. laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Elamin Elsadig Abdalla MR. Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Laparoscopic surgery is standard treatment for colorectal cancer in the last decade of surgeryâ€™s history. Nowadays Â open surgery for CRC indicated only for certain cases. with evolving of laparoscopic instruments and adoption of laparoscopic and robotic techniques by new generation of surgeons open surgery started to vanish gradually as standard care in all world well equipped hospitals and centers . Short and long term advantages of laparoscopic approach manifested in it is minimum invasive technique and less sequelae of wound healing respectively, but in CRC surgical procedures staging and eradication of neoplasm have great impact in survival and morbidity outcome. This study compare laparoscopic with open surgical technique for CRC using lymph node yield as oncological determinant factor for prognosis and need for further treatment.Â Â Â
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis following chronic nephrolithiasis; presented with feature suggesting xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Authors: Abdalla Ali Alzubier Mosab , Eltyeb Ibrahim Ahmed , Mahjoub Taha Sami 
Published: February 2021

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which originated in the urothelium of the urological system is not uncommon; however, it is rare in the renal pelvis. Additionally, it is hard to be diagnosed without high clinical suspicion.Case summary: A-66-years old female presented with left loin pain for 6 years, hematuria, and fever for months. Examination revealed no abnormality apart from pallor and bimanually palpable left kidney. Her investigations showed normal renal function and anemia, Computer Topography for Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (CT-KUB) revealed a large left renal pelvic stone with a hugely enlarged kidney with suspicion of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN), with almost absent function of the left kidney in DTPA. She underwent Left trans-peritoneal radical nephrectomy. Post-operative histopathology result was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (T3, N0, M0). To our knowledge this was the first reported case in our hospital, we think that the treatment was fair putting in mind the poor prognosis of the condition and the difficulty in diagnosis.Conclusion: This case demonstrates renal pelvis SCC presented with radiological features suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.Â Â
Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential within sunshine garden estate, akure southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Bello Rereloluwa , Ajayi Toluwaleke 
Published: February 2021

The Vertical Electrical Resistivity surveys in the Sunshine Garden Estate have contributed to a better understanding of the basement complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Nine (9) vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode array were interpreted and the results shows three (3) subsurface geoelectric layers within the study area. These are the weathered layer, topsoil, fresh/fractured basement. Groundwater pockets such as fractured zones, valley fills/basement depressions, and weathered zones were delineated in the study area. Weathered/partially weathered layer and weathered basement/fractured basement were the two major aquifer mapped out and these aquifers are characterized by thick overburden, found within basement depressions. The groundwater potential of the study area was zoned into low, medium and high potentials. Zones where the overburden thickness (which constitutes the main aquifer unit) is greater than 13m and of low clay composition (average resistivity value between 200 - 400â„¦m) are considered zones of high groundwater potential. Area where the thickness of the aquifer ranges from 11-13m with less clay composition are considered to have medium groundwater potential and the areas where the thickness of the aquifer is less than 11m are considered to have a low groundwater. The VES station underlained by high and medium groundwater potential zones are envisaged to be viable for groundwater development within the area.Â Â
Alpha activity emitted from leaves and roots of beetroot plant planted in enhanced soil with fertilizers
Authors: Ahmed Amin Sahar 
Published: February 2021

This study is to assesses radioactive materials transported to the beetroot plants grow in different fertilized soil. Equivalent weights of fertilizers were added to the soil prior the plantation. The alpha track densities were estimated utilizing solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTDs), CR-39. The obtained results show that alpha track densities in Beetroot plants in the lower and upper sides of plant leaves were varied from 67.62 Tr.cmâˆ’2 to 101.83 Tr.cmâˆ’2 and from 45.35 Tr.cmâˆ’2 to 94.67 Tr.cmâˆ’2 with mean values of 89.96 Tr.cmâˆ’2 and 68.48 Tr.cmâˆ’2, respectively. Alpha track densities were also measured in the samples of the enhanced plantation soil with fertilizers and in the whole parts of the Beetroot plant which were planted in these soils. These values were compared with alpha track densities obtained from fertilizer samples in the previous studies. The lower face of leaves gives higher Î±-particles activity than that obtained from the upper face. As well as, the alpha activity from the plants planted in soils enhanced with phosphate compost was found greater as contrast with that planted in a soil enhanced with organic fertilizer. The utilization of organic fertilizer don't cause much risks like contrasted with phosphate fertilizers. Therefore, the alpha activity depends on the nature of fertilizers added to the soil.Â Â Â
Assessment of heavy metals and radioactivity concentrations in Iraqi truffles
Authors: A. Amin Sahar , A. Alsabagh Afaf , A. Abdul Majeed Athmar , N. Ali Ali , M. Abdul Hadi Ehab 
Published: February 2021

Concentrations of heavy metals in several species of desert truffles, collected from different Iraqi provinces, were determined. Samples were collected from Al-Anbar Salah ad-Den and AlMuthana provinces. The levels of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn were analyzed. As well as the level of radon in the truffle samples were also measured using the solid-state nuclear track detector (CR-39). The results reveal that the concentrations of the investigated elements in the Iraqi truffles were below the recommended levels and the ascending order of the measured toxic elements was NiË‚MnË‚Zn. The concentrations of the other elements (Cd, Cr and Pb) were below the detection limit of the measuring method. Radon activity levels in the study truffle samples were between (156.23 to 513.83) Bq.m-3 with mean value of (323.23) Bq.m-3. the results reveal that most measured radon activity were below the world recommended value given by ICRP except Ramadi sample. All the computed values of health risk index (HR) of all elements were within safe limits (HR<1), therefore, the consumption of the investigated truffles does not pose any health risks from the investigated heavy elements and from radiological point of view.Â Â
A comparative study of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm
Authors: M. Almufti Saman , Yahya Zebari Amar , Khalid Omer Herman 
Published: February 2021

This paper provides an introduction and a comparison of two widely used evolutionary computation algorithms: Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based on the previous studies and researches. It describes Genetic Algorithm basic functionalities including various steps such as selection, crossover, and mutation.Â Â
Application of multivariate regression on magnetic data to determine further drilling site for iron exploration
Authors: Feizi Faranak , Karbalaei-Ramezanali Amir Abbas , Farhadi Sasan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new approach of the multivariate regression model has been applied to make a precise mathematical model to determine further drilling for the detailed iron exploration in the Koohbaba area, Northwest of Iran. Furthermore, to figure out the additional drilling locations, the ore length to the total core ratio for the drilled boreholes has been used based on the geophysical exploration dataset. Hence, different regression analyses including linear, cubic, and quadratic models have been applied. In this study, the ore length to the total core ratio of the chosen drilled boreholes has been considered as a dependent variable; besides, the outputs of the magnetic data using the UP10 (10m upward-continuation), RTP (reduction to the pole), and A.S. (analytic signal) techniques have been designated as independent variables. Based on probability value (p-value), coefficients of determination (R
2 and

R

adj

2

{R}_{\text{adj}}^{2}

), and efficiency formula (EF), the fourth regression model has revealed the best results. The accuracy of the model has been confirmed by the defined ratio of boreholes and demonstrated by four additional drilled boreholes in the study area. Therefore, the results of the regression analysis are reasonable and can be used to determine the additional drilling for the detailed exploration.
Influence of the Material State of Ground, Case-Hardened Steels on the Barkhausen Noise Depending on the Surface Integrity*
Authors: Sackmann D. , Heinzel J. , Karpuschewski B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The manufacturing process of grinding generally leads to a thermo-mechanical influence on the surface integrity. In addition to the intended development of residual compressive stresses due to the finishing process, disturbances in the grinding process can lead to negative effects such as tensile residual stresses, tempering and even rehardening zones and significantly reduce the component lifetime. In industrial applications, the analysis of Barkhausen noise is becoming increasingly important for the detection of this unwanted thermo-mechanically influenced surface integrity. The non-destructive method reacts sensitively to changes in, for example, the residual stress state as well as the hardness. In addition, other material-, process- and metrology-related influences are described in literature. The investigations presented in this paper deal with the influence of different material states (case-hardening depth, surface carbon content and alloy composition) on the signals of the Barkhausen noise as a function of the surface integrity. It is shown that the signal level is significantly influenced by the material condition and thus individual limit values must be used for evaluation of the surface integrity. ◼