bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state of neuro-oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a worldwide assessment
Authors: Mrugala Maciej M , Ostrom Quinn T , Pressley Shelley M , Taylor Jennie W , Thomas Alissa A , Wefel Jeffrey S , Coven Scott L , Acquaye Alvina A , Haynes Chas , Agnihotri Sameer , Lim Michael , Peters Katherine B , Sulman Erik P , Salcido Joanne T , Butowski Nicholas A , Hervey-Jumper Shawn , Mansouri Alireza , Oliver Kathy R , Porter Alyx B , Nassiri Farshad , Schiff David , Dunbar Erin M , Hegi Monika E , Armstrong Terri S , van den Bent Martin J , Chang Susan M , Zadeh Gelareh , Chheda Milan G 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unknown how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed neuro-oncology clinical practice, training, and research efforts.MethodsWe performed an international survey of practitioners, scientists, and trainees from 21 neuro-oncology organizations across 6 continents, April 24–May 17, 2020. We assessed clinical practice and research environments, institutional preparedness and support, and perceived impact on patients.ResultsOf 582 respondents, 258 (45%) were US-based and 314 (55%) international. Ninety-four percent of participants reported changes in their clinical practice. Ninety-five percent of respondents converted at least some practice to telemedicine. Ten percent of practitioners felt the need to see patients in person, specifically because of billing concerns and pressure from their institutions. Sixty-seven percent of practitioners suspended enrollment for at least one clinical trial, including 62% suspending phase III trial enrollments. More than 50% believed neuro-oncology patients were at increased risk for COVID-19. Seventy-one percent of clinicians feared for their own personal safety or that of their families, specifically because of their clinical duties; 20% had inadequate personal protective equipment. While 69% reported increased stress, 44% received no psychosocial support from their institutions. Thirty-seven percent had salary reductions and 63% of researchers temporarily closed their laboratories. However, the pandemic created positive changes in perceived patient satisfaction, communication quality, and technology use to deliver care and mediate interactions with other practitioners.ConclusionsThe pandemic has changed treatment schedules and limited investigational treatment options. Institutional lack of support created clinician and researcher anxiety. Communication with patients was satisfactory. We make recommendations to guide clinical and scientific infrastructure moving forward and address the personal challenges of providers and researchers.
A Knowledge Translation Framework for Optimizing Physical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Dias Konrad J , Shoemaker Michael J , Lefebvre Kristin M , Heick John D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The American Physical Therapy Association has supported the development of clinical practice guidelines to promote and support evidence-based practice and reduce unwarranted practice variation. Essential to the success of this effort is the generation of knowledge translation, a concept that emphasizes the translation of global knowledge to an application that can be effectively integrated into clinical practice. The Physical Therapy Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Individuals with Heart Failure published in the Physical Therapy Journal in January 2020 provides a broad base of knowledge related to evidence-based treatment interventions for patients with heart failure. However, the application and integration of this knowledge in clinical practice need further elucidation. Therefore, this perspective paper aims to serve as a complementary knowledge translation resource to the recently published practice guideline to maximize the utilization of contemporary evidence in clinical practice. This resource provides the physical therapist with practical guidance in the management of patients with heart failure by placing research findings in the context of other knowledge and practice norms that can be applied at the point of care and across the continuum of care. We propose a novel ABCDE (assessment, behavior modification, cardiorespiratory fitness, dosage, and education) practical framework. This clinical paradigm is grounded in ongoing physical therapist assessment throughout the episode of care, along with behavior modification, assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, appropriate selection and dosing of interventions, and patient education. Examples highlighting the use of this model in patients with heart failure across the continuum of care are provided for application in clinical care.
SHANKS v UNILEVER PLC (NO. 2)
Authors:   Supreme Court
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Patents – Employee inventions – Compensation – Patents exploited by licensing – Statutory construction – Meaning of “the benefit of which the employer has derived … from the patent” – Whether corporation tax to be deducted – Whether benefit outstanding – Identification of employer’s undertaking – Assessment of fair share for employee – Relevance of the time value of money – Appeal to Supreme Court
SynBiopython: an open-source software library for Synthetic Biology
Authors: Yeoh Jing Wui , Swainston Neil , Vegh Peter , Zulkower Valentin , Carbonell Pablo , Holowko Maciej B , Peddinti Gopal , Poh Chueh Loo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Advances in hardware automation in synthetic biology laboratories are not yet fully matched by those of their software counterparts. Such automated laboratories, now commonly called biofoundries, require software solutions that would help with many specialized tasks such as batch DNA design, sample and data tracking, and data analysis, among others. Typically, many of the challenges facing biofoundries are shared, yet there is frequent wheel-reinvention where many labs develop similar software solutions in parallel. In this article, we present the first attempt at creating a standardized, open-source Python package. A number of tools will be integrated and developed that we envisage will become the obvious starting point for software development projects within biofoundries globally. Specifically, we describe the current state of available software, present usage scenarios and case studies for common problems, and finally describe plans for future development. SynBiopython is publicly available at the following address: http://synbiopython.org.
Filling Linnean shortfalls increases endemicity patterns: conservation and biogeographical implications for the extreme case ofLiolaemus(Liolaemidae, Squamata) species
Authors: Nori Javier , Semhan Romina , Abdala Cristian Simón , Rojas-Soto Octavio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLinnean shortfalls, or the discrepancy between formally described species and the number of existing species, imply noteworthy biodiversity conservation constraints. The case of Argentinian reptiles is unique in this context. The genus Liolaemus represents ~60% of the Argentine reptile fauna and has a current species description rate of 3.25 spp./year, leading to a significant increase in the number of known species. Filling Linnean shortfalls within this genus has revealed an extraordinary recent evolutionary radiation that strongly modifies the spatial accumulation patterns of richness and endemism, mainly in the Patagonian steppe and Monte ecoregions of Argentina. Thus, while 40 years ago none of the studied species was considered endemic at the ecoregional level, today the genus represents an essential element to define the southernmost terrestrial ecoregions of the world. Furthermore, the remarkable decrease in the average extent of occurrence (EOO) of Liolaemus species implies an increased extinction risk in light of threats caused by humans. Based on the thresholds for the IUCN Red List B1 criteria, and 11 well-studied clades of Liolaemus, we show that, while in 1980 87% of the described species would not qualify as threatened based on EOO, today 80% of the species have an EOO smaller than 20 000 km2. Therefore, they may qualify as threatened based on the B1 EOO thresholds, which demonstrates the importance of the recent increase of knowledge regarding the taxonomy, systematics and genetics of the group.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Biocontrol AgentPseudomonas chlororaphissubsp.aureofaciensSPS-41
Authors: Zhang Chun-Mei , Xu Ming-Jie , Li Xue-Wei , Gong Yuan , Xing Ke , Qin Sheng 
Published: February 2021

Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens SPS-41 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium with biocontrol potential that was isolated from the rhizosphere of sweet potato in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Our previous study demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by SPS-41 inhibited black spot disease fungi Ceratocystis fimbriata in postharvest sweet potatoes and a variety of other plant pathogens, and the VOCs also displayed strong nematocidal activity. In order to further explore the application potential of this strain, we here report the complete genome sequence of strain SPS-41. The genome consists of one chromosome (6,757,898 bp) with a G+C content 63.10%, which contains 5,951 coding genes, 67 transfer RNA genes, 16 ribosome RNA genes, and 85 other non-coding RNA genes. No plasmid was detected. The information of the genome will provide resources for studying the biocontrol mechanism of this strain.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Monosaccharide Constituents of Potato Root Exudate Influence Hatching of the White Potato Cyst Nematode
Authors: Bell Christopher A. , Mobayed Waddah , Lilley Catherine J. , Urwin P. E. 
Published: February 2021

Plants secrete a large array of compounds into the rhizosphere to facilitate interactions with their biotic environment. Some of these exuded compounds stimulate the hatching of obligate plant-parasitic nematodes, ultimately leading to a detrimental effect on the host plant. Determining these cues can help to provide new mechanisms for control and aid nematode management schemes. Here, we show that glucose, fructose, and arabinose, which are all present in potato root exudate (PRE), induce hatching of white potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) eggs whereas five other PRE sugars had no effect. Although these monosaccharides resulted in significant hatching, none induced the same level as PRE, suggesting that other components, possibly in combination, contribute to stimulation of nematode hatching. Glucose but not arabinose or fructose was also observed to attract juvenile G. pallida, indicating that these hatch-inducing components can have different roles in different stages of the life cycle. Applying a solution of these monosaccharides to G. pallida-infested soil prepotato planting initiated hatching in the absence of a host. Host absence resulted in nematode mortality and a reduction in the G. pallida population. Therefore, subsequent invasion of the crop postplanting was also reduced compared with untreated soil. Our data suggest that monosaccharide components of PRE play an important role in the hatching and attraction of G. pallida. As a result, the hatch-inducing monosaccharides can be applied as a preplanting treatment to induce hatching and reduce subsequent infection rates. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for HIV cure
Authors: Alfageme-Abello Oscar , Porret Raphaël , Perreau Matthieu , Perez Laurent , Muller Yannick D. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
Cell-based immunotherapies have made enormous progress over the last decade with the approval of several anti-CD19-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for haemato-oncological diseases. CARs are synthetic receptors comprising an antigen-specific extracellular domain fused to a hinge, transmembrane and intracellular signalling domains. The success obtained with CD19 CAR-T cells rekindled interest in using CAR-T cells to treat HIV seropositive patients. The purpose of this review is to discuss historical and recent developments of anti-HIV CARs.

Recent findings
Since the first description of CD4+-based CARs in the early 90s, new generations of anti-HIV CARs were developed. They target the hetero-trimeric glycoprotein gp120/gp41 and consist of either a CD4+ extracellular domain or a VH/VL segment derived from broadly neutralizing antibodies. Recent efforts were employed in multiplexing CAR specificities, intracellular signalling domains and T cells resistance to HIV.

Summary
Several new-anti HIV CAR-T cells were successfully tested in preclinical mice models and are now waiting to be evaluated in clinical trials. One of the key parameters to successfully using CAR-T cells in HIV treatment will depend on their capacity to control the HIV reservoir without causing off-targeting activities.
Interface Fluid Syndrome 2 Decades After Laser-Assisted In situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Assayag Elishai , Smadja David , Roditi Eduardo , Zadok David , Abulafia Adi , Weill Yishay 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To report a case of late-onset interface fluid syndrome (IFS) after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
A 94-year-old man was referred for evaluation because of persistent corneal edema 10 days after Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

Results:
After an uneventful DSAEK, the patient was treated with topical antibiotics and steroids. On presentation, a well positioned and oriented DSAEK graft was observed in the right eye, yet the cornea was edematous. Applanation tonometry was normal. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) revealed a LASIK flap with a fluid cleft beneath it. Requery confirmed that LASIK was performed 21 years ago. Topical steroids were stopped, and after 2 weeks, the cornea was clear, and AS-OCT revealed complete resolution of the interface fluid.

Conclusions:
Even decades later, IFS should be considered as a source of corneal edema in patients after LASIK. Monitoring these patients with AS-OCT is recommended.
Physical Therapy and Discharge Disposition Following Acute Hospitalization for UTI in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Simmons Tammy M. , Miller Stephanie A. , Moore Elizabeth S. , Stikeleather S. Jill 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Bed rest during acute hospitalization is associated with new-onset mobility impairments in community-dwelling older adults, resulting in discharge to skilled nursing facilities rather than home.

Purpose:
The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine whether the number of physical therapy (PT) visits is related to discharge disposition following an acute hospitalization for urinary tract infection (UTI) in the older adult population.

Methods:
Medical records over a 3-year period of 523 community-dwelling older adults (65 years and older) admitted from home functionally independent were reviewed. Demographic and patient characteristics, including age, gender, living status, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and the number of PT visits, were collected. Multinomial regression was conducted to determine predictors of disposition.

Results:
The multinomial logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(2) = 6.90, P = .032. Older age, longer LOS with fewer PT visits during acute hospitalization, and a higher comorbidity score were significant predictors of hospital discharge to subacute rehabilitation facilities than those who were able to return home with home health PT. These variables were not predictors of the disposition for younger patients with fewer comorbidities.

Limitations:
Due to the retrospective nature of this study, assessment of potential preexisting levels of frailty, standardized delivery of PT, and level of activity outside of PT could not be performed.

Conclusions:
Reduced frequency of physical therapist intervention for older adults hospitalized with UTI was associated with discharge to rehabilitation in a skilled nursing facility compared with those of similar age with increased PT intervention frequency.
Direct Exposure of Welders to Welding Fumes and Effect of Fume Extraction Systems Under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Brand Peter , Ebert Benjamin , Esser André , Sharma Rahul 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Welding fume exposure of welders occurs either directly from the welding process and sputters or from the fume background within the workshop. In this study the contribution of fume originating directly from the welding process was assessed.

Methods:
Exposure was quantified by measuring the time integral of fume mass concentration using a tapered element oscillating micro balance connected to a welder dummy.

Results:
Direct fume exposure was highest for welding processes with low fume emission rates and lowest for processes with high fume emission rates.

Conclusions:
This finding is supposed to be due to the higher energy input of high emitting processes which stabilizes the thermic column and therefore eliminates fume particles from the welder's breathing zone. Exposure can be minimized by additionally optimizing workshop ventilation.
Postoperative subdural hematoma as a rare complication of non-traumatic craniotomy
Authors: Gao Xianfeng , Liu Huibo , Xu Wanzhen , Sun Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xiaobo , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Postoperative intracranial hemorrhage is a serious and even fatal complication after non-traumatic craniotomy, in which epidural hematoma and intracerebral hematoma are relatively common. Postoperative subdural hematoma is rare, and its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.

Patient concerns:
In the present study, we report 2 cases with postoperative subdural hematoma after non-traumatic craniotomy.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis of acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) was rendered according to the imaging features.

Interventions:
Hematoma evacuation was performed immediately.

Outcomes:
Two months later, the first patient continued to have impaired consciousness and sensorimotor deficiency in the right extremities. And the second one remained unconscious and continued to have sensorimotor disturbance in the right extremities after 6 weeks of rehabilitation.

Lessons:
Neurosurgeons should be aware of potential subdural hematoma after non-traumatic craniotomy, since this condition is usually latent and associated with poor prognosis. Early identification and surgical evacuation should be highlighted.
High Hepatic leukemia factor expression indicates a favorable survival in glioma patients
Authors: Liu QingLin , Ge Huijian , Liu Peng , Li Youxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) is an oncogenic transcript factor, but its role in gliomas is unclear.
With the open-access data from the Cancer Genome Atlatls (TCGA), HLF expression was compared between normal and glioma tissues and its correlation to patient survival, age, gender, race, and tumor grade was analyzed. Multivariate Cox regression was adopted to explore the independent risk factors for patient survival. Survivals between high and low HLF expression, and high and low model predicted risk subgroups were compared. 1, 2, 3, and 5-year patient survival were predicted with the Cox regression model. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to predict the potential function of HLF.
Expression and clinical data of 5 normal brain samples and 655 glioma samples were obtained from TCGA. HLF expression was downregulated in gliomas than normal brain tissue (P = .007), and negatively related to patient age and advancing tumor grade (P < .001). HLF was a protective factor for patient survival (OR = 0.81, 95%CI 0.67–0.99, P = .035). Patients’ survivals were poorer in low HLF expression subgroups and the Cox regression model predicted high-risk subgroups (P < .001). The accuracy of the model in predicting 1, 2, 3, and 5-year patient survival was 0.864, 0.895, 0.907, and 0.893, respectively. GSEA revealed HLF mainly took part in regulating tumor cell metabolism and cell cycle.
HLF was downregulated in gliomas than normal tissue, negatively related to patient age and tumor grade, and was an independent protective factor for glioma patients.
Rapidly recurring massive pleural effusion as the initial presentation of sarcoidosis
Authors: Albakri Mutaz , Ahmad Mushtaq , Mohamed Mouhand F.H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with unknown etiology. It affects mainly the lungs, but it can affect almost any other organ. Nevertheless, pleural involvement with the development of pleural effusion is relatively rare. It is usually mild and responsive to treatment with systemic steroids. Here we present a case of rapidly recurring massive unilateral pleural effusion caused by sarcoidosis that was resistant to systemic steroids.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old lady presented with shortness of breath of 2-months duration. No other respiratory symptoms were reported. On physical examination, there were signs of left-sided pleural effusion, splenomegaly, and inguinal lymph nodes. These findings were confirmed by chest x-ray showing massive pleural effusion. Work up of the effusion revealed an exudative effusion with lymphocyte predominance. Pan-computed tomography scan revealed multiple thoracic, abdominal and inguinal lymphadenopathy; additionally, a left-sided pleural effusion and an enlarged spleen; that contained variable hypodense nodular lesions. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed intense uptake in the spleen and the lymph nodes. Inguinal lymph node biopsy showed non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Due to suspicion of malignancy, left medical thoracoscopy was done, and biopsy of the parietal pleura showed nonspecific inflammation without evidence of malignancy or tuberculosis.

Diagnosis:
Sarcoidosis was diagnosed based on the finding of the non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with no evidence of malignancy or infection on several microbiological and pathological samples.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with repeated pleural fluid drainage. Steroids failed to prevent pleural effusion recurrence. Surgical left side pleurodesis was eventually performed.

Outcomes:
At more than 1 year follow up, the patient showed no recurrence of pleural effusion or development of any other symptoms.

Lessons:
Sarcoidosis may rarely present with massive pleural effusion, as this presentation is rare; it is imperative to rule out other causes of massive pleural effusion. Massive pleural effusion in sarcoidosis may be steroid-resistant. Pleurodesis may have a role in such a scenario.