bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Band thin Metamaterial Perfect Absorber Based on Triangle Shape
Authors: Lateef Al-Badri Khalid Saeed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work presents a multi-band electromagnetic metamaterial perfect absorber. It is shown typical an artificial microwave metamaterial absorber that can realize dual-band excellent absorption. The unit cell of the proposed structure is designed by using an analogy triangular resonator, an electric dielectric substrate, and a continuous copper plate. Two excellent absorption peaks with absorption rates are 98.05%, and 96.43%. The ratios of the structure thickness to the wavelengths of the proposed design are 1/39, and 1/23 at resonance frequency 3.84 GHz and 6.62 GHz respectively, which are very smaller comparing with wavelengths. By using the surface current distributions, the mechanism of the dual-band is explained. This absorber is non sensitive to the TE polarization wave and highly sensitive to the TM polarization wave. Furthermore, this design concept can be extended to many applications such as energy electromagnetic harvesting, reduce radar cross section RCS, sensors, antenna, thermal image, and detection.
Modified of Homotopy Perturbation Technique and Its Application to System of Nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations Of 2nd Kind
Authors: Mohammed Fawze Ahmed A. , Juma’a Borhan F. , Al-Hayani Waleed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fredholm integral equations of 1st and 2nd kinds are of practical importance and have wide range of applications. The present paper, deals mainly with system of non-linear Fredholm equations of the 2nd kind. In the present paper, the homotopy perturbation technique in different version from normal version is applied. The new version of the perturbation method confirms the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method compared with other approximate solutions; also it confirms that this method is a suitable method for solving any nonlinear Fredholm Integral Equations of 2ndKind and / or systems of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of 2nd kind. In the present paper, a new version of the homotopy perturbation technique is applied to solve system of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations. The new version based on the idea of considering the solution as a sum of an infinite series which is very rapid convergence to the accurate solution. The results due to the present version of the homotopy perturbation technique gave promises for further developing other issues of the homotopy perturbation method. The results due to the present method are compared with Adomain decomposition method.
A Comparative Study of Nonparametric Kernel estimators with Gaussian Weight Function
Authors: Dakhil Mohammed A. , Hussain Jassim N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, Parametric methods become unfavorable by researchers because of the restrictions on using them and losing the flexibility in estimating and analysis the data. Therefore, the researchers preferred the nonparametric method which proved their efficiency and capable to analysis the data without of predetermined assumptions. Consequently, the data and their included information are becoming who determine the functional shape for the studied population and there are no parameters instead of the observations. The objective of estimating the nonparametric regression function is to approximate the regression function to the real regression function. On the other hand, COVID-19 pandemic nowadays speared in all the countries one of them is Iraq. The function of infection speared have been studied in different countries but not in Iraq. Therefore, the aim of our research is to apply three nonparametric Kernel estimators with Gaussian weighted function to model and forecast the number of infections of COVID-19 in Iraq. R software and the data represent the daily number of COVID-19 infections for the period 23/2/2020 to 21/6/2020 are used to apply many models and choose the appropriate one. The results of applying three nonparametric Kernel model that the Priestley-Chao model is the appropriate one in all the sample sizes and other conditions
Galerkin-Collocation Manner for The System of Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations of The Second Type Using Exponential Function
Authors: Ahmed Ch. Sh. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, we introduce a new scheme stem on exponential function as test function of Galerkin-Collocation manner (GCm) for disbanding system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of second type (NLVIEK2) numerically. Our manner involves of diminution the trouble to a collection of nonlinear system of equations. Arithmetic epitome are offered for corroborate the validation of the suggested illation and arithmetic disbanding are contrast with the located manner.
Fuzzy Fréchet Manifold
Authors: Jasim Ahmad Ghanawi , Al-Nafie Z. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced the concepts of fuzzy Fréchet space, fuzzy Fréchet continuous mapping between fuzzy Fréchet spaces, and the differentiability of fuzzy Fréchet continuous mapping between fuzzy Fréchet spaces. Moreover, we constructed a fuzzy Fréchet manifold and proved some properties on it.
Complex Differential Implications of Linear Operator Imposed by Mittag-Leffler Type Function
Authors: Khudhuir Layth T. , Ali Ahmed M. , Al-Janaby Hiba F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced a new Complex linear operator in the terms of the Mittag-Leffler type functions. Furthermore, several subordination, superordination and sandwich-type outcomes for certain analytic functions related to this new operator are introduced and discussed. Relevant connections of the outcomes are also presented.
Preparation Foam Brick from Iraqi Local Clay
Authors: Abdullrazzaq Rawabi , Hadi Al–Kadhemy Mahasin F. , Hadi Enas Muhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, foam bricks prepared by direct foaming method, using local kaolin clay as raw materials, which are available, local, cheap, environmentally - friendly materials and can be recycled. Foam bricks prepared by depend mechanism evolution of gas in situ using several of variables (ratio of clay mixture, ratio of foam solution, ratio of forming mixture and firing temperature) so that one of these variables is fixed randomly after preliminary test and another change in a gradual regular. Then select the optimum value to return randomly and thus after that select optimum values of these parameters for the production of foam bricks. The porosity, thermal conductivity, and compression strength were examined at (9050, 1050)°C. Porosity, thermal conductivity and compression strength have been investigated at (9050,1050)°C, SEM and XRD also carried out at specimen firing at 950°C. The results showed that the optimum foam bricks was obtained with the ratio of clay mixture mullite:kaolin (60:40), agent solution ratio agent:water (1.5:20 )and(2.5:20), respectively and forming mixture ratio clay mixture:agent solution (51.14:48.86) at firing temperature 950°C. The specimens prepared in this way have apparent porosity (as high as 0.46%), exhibiting considerable compressive strength (exceeding 5MPa) and low thermal conductivity (about 0.36 (W/m k).
Archiving System Optimization using Skip Gram based Neural Network as a Feature Selection
Authors: Hameed Wafaa Al , Salsal Sura Khalid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Automatic processing of massive unstructured data and extracting useful information are one of the challenges researched so far. Hence, the techniques of data mining are of great significance in this area and text categorization (TC) is one of those common researches. The key problem in TC is due to the huge amount of data. The lack of effective description of the text of the content and the implementation of appropriate features leading to a decline in categorization accuracy. Therefore, several methods appeared to select the features that help clustering and improving their performance as it appears in our research. We suggest a good way to select a feature, which support archiving system thus it supports the retrieval system.
RADG Modification with Different Values of States
Authors: Salih Mudher Muhammad , Abdul–Abbass Yahya Mourad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cryptography may be a science of changing messages into unclear kind through the employment of encoding algorithms that is an algorithm that converts the text to a cypher and increased by arithmetic that shield information in powerful ways. A novel keyless security theme Reaction Automata Direct Graph (RADG), that relies on automata direct graph and reaction states. The novelty of RADG lies within the incontrovertible fact that it doesn’t need any key to perform the cryptographically operations therefore creating it a possible scheme for big wireless systems. Chaotic maps represent the backgrounds for chaos based mostly cryptography thanks to the actual fact that chaotic transformations are sensitive to changes within the initial conditions and generate solutions similar to random ones. In this paper a proposed modification to RADG will be performed. The main problem of the RADG is that the values in the states are static. In this paper this problem will be solved using chaos logistic map. The RADG which is used in this paper is key not keyless (by using chaos logistic map).
Effect surface tension on squeeze film characteristics with different viscosity
Authors: Abdullah Enas Yahya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is study the phenomenon of surface tension in viscous liquids and determine the influencing elements represented temperature, Reynold number and couple stress., also shed light on the strength of cohesion between particles and its relationship to the bonding force. The phenomenon was studied depending on continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equations and theoretical analysis was found porosity and film thickness.
Computing the Certain subgroups of the group D
2n
× C

p
, p is an Odd Prime Number
Authors: Mehdi H. J. , Shelash H. B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let τ(n) is the number of all divisors of n and σ(n) is the number of summation of all divisors n, Cavior, presented the number of all subgroups of the dihedral group is equal by τ(n) + σ(n). We in this paper determines a formula for the number of subgroups, normal and cyclic subgroups of the group G = D
2n
× C

p
= 〈a, b, c|a

n
= b
2 = c

p
, b
a
b = a
−1, [a, c] = [b, c] = 1〉, where p is an odd prime number.
Classification of Subsets in Finite Projective Line Over Galois Field of Order Twenty-Seven
Authors: Ibrahim M. M. , Al-Zangana E B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The principle objective in this paper is to computed the projectively inequivalent k-sets, k = 4, …,14 in the projective line P
G(1,27) and then classified these k-set into (k − 1)-subsets and. Also, the group of projectivities of each k-set has been founded.
The effects of laser 532 nm with 4 mW and 650 nm with 135 mW on physical properties of human serum proteins in vitro
Authors: Lefta Sadiq Hassan , Diam Wajeha Abdle , Hameed Zeman , Omran Dakhel Ghani , Sabar Gufran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of two type of laser (532 nm with energy 4 mW and 650 nm with energy 135) on physical characteristics of serum proteins. All subjects of study were 15 men and their ages ranged between 18 to 25 years old. The blood samples were left to coagulate and centrifuged to obtained sera. Sera samples were divided in to three groups, the first group left without irradiation to serve as a control group, the second group was irradiated with laser 532 nm with 4mW for 10 minutes, and the third group was irradiated with laser 650 nm with 135 mW energy for 10 minutes. After irradiation, all samples were analyzed by using HPLC instrument. The results were indicated there were a significant changes among peaks of curves of irradiated samples compared to control group. Also, there were many obvious differences were noted among irradiated groups. From results mentioned above can be concluded that laser energy may be cause and create bonds inter and intra molecules of proteins across oxidation processes that finally change morphological and modifications structures of proteins molecules.
Drone controlled real live flight simulator
Authors: Obaid Mays S. , Mebayet Salman O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Flight simulator has been used to train pilots for more than 80 years, whether to fly military aircrafts, passenger aircrafts, or even private aircrafts. A flight simulator is a flying cockpit installed on the ground to help training pilots in flying real aircrafts in a low risk and cost-effective way. Nevertheless, all the previous simulators are dependent on a program being installed in combination with special hardware. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to design a ground-based flight training simulator. This simulator depends on a drone to transfer the flying environment in real-time to the trainee. A prototype of the project has been implemented based on a small drone equipped with a MPU6050 piezoelectric gyroscope, laptop, and Arduino since the building of the final shape of the simulator is relatively expensive. Satisfying results are gained and the prototype can transfer the drone movement to the ground simulator giving the trainee the feeling as in a real aircraft, improving the trainee’s capabilities of having real-time decisions over the flying environment. The main contribution of this study is the improvement of the current flight simulators by cloning the real environmental effects to the highest possible levels especially for the training purpose of the new pilots or the rehabilitation of pilots with long out-of-service periods.
Classification and Clustering Based Ensemble Techniques for Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey
Authors: Al-A’araji Nabeel H. , Al-Mamory Safaa O. , Al-Shakarchi Ali H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A huge amount of data is transmitted through the networks, which allowed the exchange of knowledge and medical expertise, trade and banking facilities, etc. However, due to the huge connections to these networks, the security issue has been floated on the surface. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a significant role to protect computer systems. To compensate these issues, the orientation is to employed machine learning and data mining techniques to design and implement powerful IDSs. Among these techniques is ensemble learning which enables a combination of multiple models to enhance overall performance. This study presents a brief overview of IDSs, discusses the history of ensemble systems, specifies the methods adapted in designed such system, highlights the most important ensemble techniques, demonstrates in detail the main methods that have been adapted in combining ensemble components. Besides, special attention was paid to studies in the period (2009-2020) that focus onto both ensemble classification and clustering when developing IDSs.
Biological Properties Study Of Two New Benzylpencillin Derivatives
Authors: Abbas K. S. , Abdulsaheb Y. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is included the preparation of two new benzylpenicillin derivatives by replacement alkyl groups (ethyl, propyl) instead of the acidic proton of the acylamino group (O=C-NH-), which attached to the position (6) of the benzylpenicillin molecule. The prepared derivatives are indicated by some physical measurements namely melting points, Thin layer chromatography technique and elemental analysis, besides the spectroscopic identification, UV, IR, and C13NMR. This work help us to obtain new derivatives with high biological activity against thirteen standard and isolated strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria determined the antibacterial activity of the benzylpenicillin derivatives represented by inhibition diameter (IZ mm), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), media lethal dose(LD50) and cytotoxicity. The data of inhibition zones, and minimum inhibitory concentrations appeared that the biological activity anti-the test micro-organisms of the prepared derivatives (EBP, PBP), is more in comparison with biological activity of standard antibiotic (BP). Also the study was shown that the products with toxic effect for the human red blood cells, which reduced from 250 ppm of BP to 300 ppm for the products (EBP, PBP).
Strong Subordination for P-Valent Functions Involving A Linear Operator
Authors: Abd Enaam Hadi , Atshan Waggas Galib 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of strong differential subordination was introduces in [1], [2] by Antonio and Romaguera and developed in [4]. The object of the present paper is to investigate some inclusion relations and other interesting properties for p-valent functions defined in the open unit disk of the complex plane involving linear operator by using the principle of strong differential subordination
Difference Cesàro Double Sequence Space Defined by Double Orlicz Function
Authors: Moussa Hasan Ali , Battor Ali Hussein , Abdul Zahra Dalael Saad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we are provide a suitable generalization of difference Cesàro double sequence spaces defined by double Orlicz functions and Study different topological properties and inclusion relationships using new kinds of double sequence spaces to generalize some known results of double Orlicz functions.
Solving Cantilever Beam Models by Reliable Iterative Methods
Authors: Gani Sayl 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we implemented two reliable Cantilever beam models of solution methods. The iterative approaches are the Adomain Decomposition Method (ADM) and the Variation Iteration Method (VIM). The ADM and VIM solve several problems at various places, including the precision and reliability of the results. The solution given with an approximate solution is accuracy, since we demonstrate that various figures and tables are available to investigate maximum error reminders. The technology used for the study calculations was MATHEMATICA 11.
Structure Graph of the Finite Group
Authors: Salah W. M. , Shelash H. B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let Γ(V, E) be a graph. The Cayley graph of group (G,∗) and a subset S is a graph denoted by C
a
y(G, S), it is with vertex set V(C
a
y(G, S)) = G and two vertices x, y ∈ G are join if and only if y = x
s ∈ S for some s ∈ S. In this paper, we obtain characteristics of Cayley graphs under some graph operations, Graph direct product, Graph tenser product, Graph strong product when G isomorphic to Cyclic group C

n
and Dihedral Group D
2n
.
An Indirect Spectral Collocation Method Based on Shifted Jacobi Functions for Solving Some Class of Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Ali Mushtaq salh , Almoaeet Mohammed K , albuohimad Basim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new approximation formula of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives is derived based on shifted classical Jacobi polynomial in spectral approximations. This formula is presented to approximate indirect solution of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) with a fractional differential equation as the dynamic constrain. The properties of new formula allows us to use spectral collocation method to reduce FOCPs by indirect method to a system of liner/nonlinear algebraic equations. Four test examples are presented to examine the applicability and validity of a newly purposed method.
On Small Semiprime Submodules
Authors: Ramadhan Haider A. , Mothafar Nuhad S. Al. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with identity, and M be unital (left) R-module. In this paper we introduce and study the concept of small semiprime submodules as a generalization of semiprime submodules. We investigate some basis properties of small semiprime submodules and give some characterizations of them, especially for (finitely generated faithful) multiplication modules.
Bayesian Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Exponentiated Weibull Distribution
Authors: Ali Aseel H. , Al. Kanani Iden H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduced some of properties of the Exponentiated Weibull distribution. Tierney estimator method and Lindely estimator method are proposed to estimate all the unknown parameters (β,Ψ,θ) of the Exponentiated Weibull distribution.Simulation procedure is used to generate some sample sizes and mean squares error measure, and when we compared between the above two methods we find that Tierney method has the less (MSE).
On the Bridge Between Exterior and Interior Penalty Method
Authors: Salman Ahmed Kasim , Al-Jilawi Ahmed Sabah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present methods of penalty functions for solving constrained optimization problems. The methods that we characterize presently, attempt to approximate a constrained optimization problem with an unconstrained, one and then apply standard search techniques such as the exterior penalty function method and the interior penalty method to get solutions. The paper that follows assure exterior penalty methods recognizing that interior penalty function methods incarnate the same principles.
A Review of PDE Based Local Inpainting Methods
Authors: Al-Jaberi Ahmed K. , Hameed Ehsan M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Image inpainting is the process of recovering the damage areas in the images in an undetectable way, it is considered the important one of the subjects in image processing. There are many applications of image inpainting include the restoration of damaged images, paintings, and movies, to the removal of selected objects, such as text, lines, subtitles, publicity, and stamps. The main objective of inpainting is to reconstruct the missing region in such a way that the observer does not come to know that the image has been manipulated. Inpainting methods can be categorized into global and local methods, the global methods are applied to reconstruct the damaged areas in the image based on the information in the data of images that have the same content. While the local methods are used to reconstruct the missing regions based on the information in the rest parts of the image. There are several local methods proposed for image inpainting such as PDE-based inpainting (PDE-BI), exemplar-based inpainting (EBI), hybrid, and texture synthesis methods. In this paper, a review of different PDE and variational methods used for image inpainting is provided. Different PDE-BI methods like 2nd-and high-order of variational and PDE methods are discussed with its pros and cons.
New Approach of Polyominoes Using James Diagram with Beta Number
Authors: Mohoomed E. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
James abacus diagram used in number theory to describe integer partitions with the special numbers of columns e, e ≥ 2. One way of producing it is by using decreasing sequence of integer number called beta number. In this work, we proved the graphical representation of the beta number of any partition to polyomino by using James abacus diagram and e-core of James abacus. New identities of Fibonacci to count the number of ways for 2 ×1 dominoes to tiling a James abacus diagram chain by using monomino and domino.
Iterative Methods for Approximation of Fixed Points Via Like Contraction Mappings
Authors: Hussein Saad Shakeir , Maibed Zena Husssein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper, is to study different iteration algorithms types two steps called, modified SP, Ishikawa, Picard-S iteration and M-iteration, which is faster than of others by using like contraction mappings. On the other hand, the M-iteration is better than of modified SP, Ishikawa and Picard-S iterations. Also, we support our analytic proof with a numerical example.