bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting the Trauma History Questionnaire for use in a population of homeless people with severe mental illness in Tamil Nadu, India: qualitative study
Authors: Gilmoor Andrew R. , Vallath Smriti , Peters Ruth M. H. , van der Ben Denise , Ng Lauren 
Published: July 2021

Background
The Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) is one of the most widely used traumatic event inventories, but its lack of validation makes it unsuitable for the millions of homeless people with severe mental illness in India, who are particularly vulnerable to trauma exposure.

Aims
To translate and culturally adapt the THQ for use in a population of homeless people with severe mental illness in Tamil Nadu, India.

Method
We used Herdman et al's model of cultural equivalence to conduct an in-depth qualitative assessment of the cultural validity of the THQ. Following several translations, conceptual, item, semantic and operational equivalence of the THQ was assessed through four focus groups with user-survivors (n = 20) and two focus groups with mental health professionals (n = 11).

Results
Several adaptations, including the addition of 18 items about relationships, homelessness and mental illness, were necessary to improve cultural validity. Three items, such as rape, were removed for reasons of irrelevance or cultural insensitivity. Items like ‘adultery’ and ‘mental illness’ were reworded to ‘extramarital affair’ and ‘mental health problem’, respectively, to capture the cultural nuances of the Tamil language. Findings revealed a divergence in views on tool acceptability between user-survivors, who felt empowered to voice their experiences, and mental health professionals, who were concerned for patient well-being. Providing a sense of pride and autonomy, user-survivors preferred self-administration, whereas mental health professionals preferred rater administration.

Conclusions
Culture significantly affects what types of events are considered traumatic, highlighting the importance of cultural validation of instruments for use in novel populations and settings.
Leptin Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy in Patients With Generalized Lipodystrophy
Authors: Nguyen My-Le , Sachdev Vandana , Burklow Thomas R , Li Wen , Startzell Megan , Auh Sungyoung , Brown Rebecca J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare disorders of deficient adipose tissue, low leptin, and severe metabolic disease, affecting all adipose depots (generalized lipodystrophy, GLD) or only some (partial lipodystrophy, PLD). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is common (especially in GLD); mechanisms may include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, or hyperinsulinemia.

Objective
Determine effects of recombinant leptin (metreleptin) on cardiac structure and function in lipodystrophy.

Methods
Open-label treatment study of 38 subjects (18 GLD, 20 PLD) at the National Institutes of Health before and after 1 (N = 27), and 3 to 5 years (N = 23) of metreleptin. Outcomes were echocardiograms, blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, A1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.

Results
In GLD, metreleptin lowered triglycerides (median [interquartile range] 740 [403-1239], 138 [88-196], 211 [136-558] mg/dL at baseline, 1 year, 3-5 years, P &lt; .0001), A1c (9.5 ± 3.0, 6.5 ± 1.6, 6.5 ± 1.9%, P &lt; .001), and HOMA-IR (34.1 [15.2-43.5], 8.7 [2.4-16.0], 8.9 [2.1-16.4], P &lt; .001). Only HOMA-IR improved in PLD (P &lt; .01). Systolic BP decreased in GLD but not PLD. Metreleptin improved cardiac parameters in patients with GLD, including reduced posterior wall thickness (9.8 ± 1.7, 9.1 ± 1.3, 8.3 ± 1.7 mm, P &lt; .01), and LV mass (140.7 ± 45.9, 128.7 ± 37.9, 110.9 ± 29.1 g, P &lt; .01), and increased septal e′ velocity (8.6 ± 1.7, 10.0 ± 2.1, 10.7 ± 2.4 cm/s, P &lt; .01). Changes remained significant after adjustment for BP. In GLD, multivariate models suggested that reduced posterior wall thickness and LV mass index correlated with reduced triglycerides and increased septal e′ velocity correlated with reduced A1c. No changes in echocardiographic parameters were seen in PLD.

Conclusion
Metreleptin attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and improved septal e′ velocity in GLD, which may be mediated by reduced lipotoxicity and glucose toxicity. The applicability of these findings to leptin-sufficient populations remains to be determined.
The RNA helicase Ddx52 functions as a growth switch in juvenile zebrafish
Authors: Tseng Tzu-Lun , Wang Ying-Ting , Tsao Chang-Yu , Ke Yi-Teng , Lee Yi-Ching , Hsu Hwei-Jan , Poss Kenneth D. , Chen Chen-Hui 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate animals usually display robust growth trajectories during juvenile stages, and reversible suspension of this growth momentum by a single genetic determinant has not been reported. Here, we report a single genetic factor that is essential for juvenile growth in zebrafish. Using a forward genetic screen, we recovered a temperature-sensitive allele, pan (after Peter Pan), that suspends whole-organism growth at juvenile stages. Remarkably, even after growth is halted for a full 8-week period, pan mutants are able to resume a robust growth trajectory after release from the restrictive temperature, eventually growing into fertile adults without apparent adverse phenotypes. Positional cloning and complementation assays revealed that pan encodes a probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase (DEAD-Box Helicase 52; ddx52) that maintains the level of 47S precursor ribosomal RNA. Furthermore, genetic silencing of ddx52 and pharmacological inhibition of bulk RNA transcription similarly suspend the growth of flies, zebrafish and mice. Our findings reveal evidence that safe, reversible pauses of juvenile growth can be mediated by targeting the activity of a single gene, and that its pausing mechanism has high evolutionary conservation.
Rewriting the Grandmother’s Story
Authors: Joosen Vanessa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Feminist perspectives have strongly influenced the fairy-tale rewritings of the past decades, but the intersection of gender with other identity markers deserves more attention. This article applies the conclusions of Sylvia Henneberg’s critical examination of age and gender in fairy tales to Gillian Cross’s Wolf (1990), an award-winning rewriting of “Red Riding Hood.” While Wolf presents Nan, the counterpart of Red Riding Hood’s grandmother, as a determined and cunning older woman at first, in the course of the novel, the narrative lapses into the ageist stereotypes of the ineffectual crone and the wise old mentor.
The Erroneous Selection of the Full Social Security Age as the Terminal Date for Lost Earnings Projections
Authors: Gaughan Patrick A. , Baum Charles L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It seems to be increasingly common that some personal injury lost earnings projections are being extended by some experts to the “Normal Retirement Age” (NRA) – the age where workers can receive full, unreduced Social Security benefits. The selection of this age often implies a rejection of the worklife expectancy. However, statistics on claiming behavior of Social Security benefit recipients show that only a minority of recipients wait until the NRA to claim benefits. We use actual claiming behavior and the respective ages to show the use of the NRA for determining the ending date of lost earnings projections, instead of the well-researched worklife expectancy, results in exaggerated and speculative lost earnings damages.
Heterostructured CuO@ZnO@Ag biomimetic setaria as wettability-switchable difunctional SERS substrate for trace pesticide and DNA detections
Authors: Han Chuanshen , Wei Yisheng , Lei Fengcai , Zhao Shulong , Wang Yumeng , Li Chonghui , Su Shuai , Zhang Chao , Li Zhen , Yu Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wettability modification is an effective way in tailoring hotspots in surface Raman scattering (SERS) nowadays. However, due to the theoretical contradiction between hydrophobic and hydrophilic strategies, opposite views are usually put forward in building SERS structures. To realize the integration of hydrophobicity and hydrophilia in the same substrate, a wettability-switchable SERS architecture composed of heterostructured CuO@ZnO@Ag biomimetic nano Setaria (NS) has been designed and prepared in this paper. Experimentally, the structure shows impressive SERS performance under both hydrophobic and hydrophilic states. The limit of detection approaches even to single-molecule level and the lowest relative standard deviation is only ca 9.8%. Finite-different time-domain simulations and experimental analyses were systemically made to unearth the mechanism deep behind. Besides, owing to fine quantifiability, the CuO@ZnO@Ag NS shows promising potential in the detection of trace pesticide and deoxyribonucleic acid. This work provides a new idea for integrating the strategies of ‘concentration’ and ‘decentralization’, endowing SERS structure with wider application, and is also meaningful for other surface sciences.
Membrane composition is a functional determinant of NIR-activable liposomes in orthotopic head and neck cancer
Authors: Guirguis Mina , Bhandari Chanda , Li Junjie , Eroy Menitte , Prajapati Sushant , Margolis Ryan , Shrivastava Navadeep , Hoyt Kenneth , Hasan Tayyaba , Obaid Girgis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-activable liposomes containing photosensitizer (PS)-lipid conjugates are emerging as tunable, high-payload, and tumor-selective platforms for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based theranostics. To date, the impact that the membrane composition of a NIR-activable liposome (the chemical nature and subsequent conformation of PS-lipid conjugates) has on their in vitro and in vivo functionality has not been fully investigated. While their chemical nature is critical, the resultant physical conformation dictates their interactions with the immediate biological environments. Here, we evaluate NIR-activable liposomes containing lipid conjugates of the clinically-used PSs benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD; hydrophobic, membrane-inserting conformation) or IRDye 700DX (hydrophilic, membrane-protruding conformation) and demonstrate that membrane composition is critical for their function as tumor-selective PDT-based platforms. The PS-lipid conformations were primarily dictated by the varying solubilities of the two PSs and assisted by their lipid conjugation sites. Conformation was further validated by photophysical analysis and computational predictions of PS membrane partitioning (topological polar surface area [tPSA], calculated octanol/water partition [cLogP], and apparent biomembrane permeability coefficient [Papp]). Results show that the membrane-protruding lipo-IRDye700DX exhibits 5-fold more efficient photodynamic generation of reactive molecular species (RMS), 12-fold expedited phototriggered burst release of entrap-ped agents, and 15-fold brighter fluorescence intensity as compared to the membrane-inserting lipo-BPD-PC (phosphatidylcholine conjugate). Although the membrane-inserting lipo-BPD-PC exhibits less efficient photo-dynamic generation of RMS, it allows for more sustained phototriggered release, 10-fold greater FaDu cancer cell phototoxicity, and 7.16-fold higher tumor-selective delivery in orthotopic mouse FaDu head and neck tumors. These critical insights pave the path for the rational design of emerging NIR-activable liposomes, whereby functional consequences of membrane composition can be tailored toward a specific therapeutic purpose.
Coherent control at gold needle tips approaching the strong-field regime
Authors: Dienstbier Philip , Paschen Timo , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate coherent control in photoemission from a gold needle tip using an ω − 2ω field composed of strong few-cycle laser pulses with a nearfield intensity of ∼4 TW/cm2. We obtain the nearfield intensity from electron energy spectra, showing the tell-tale plateau of field-driven electron rescattering at the metal surface induced by the fundamental field. Changing the relative phase between the fundamental field centered at 1560 nm and its second harmonic modulates the total emitted photocurrent with visibilities of up to 80% despite the strong and broadband excitation of the plasmonic material. Our work combines a two-color coherent control scheme and strong-field physics enabled by a nanoplasmonic emitter.
The crystal structure of poly[(μ
3-imidazolato-κ
3
N:N:N′)(tetrahydrofuran- κ
1
O)lithium(I)], C7H11LiN2O
Authors: Zapf Ludwig , Finze Maik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C7H11LiN2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.9067(1) Å, b = 8.6975(1) Å, c = 10.2398(1) Å, β = 101.900(3)°, V = 770.491(15) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0338, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0925, T = 100 K.
Comprehensive Needs Analysis for Women's Collegiate Lacrosse
Authors: Chorney Emma , Simonson Shawn R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to provide a needs analysis of the women's collegiate lacrosse game as it has not been adequately described elsewhere. This needs analysis will describe the current state of knowledge and identify gaps to assist in the design of comprehensive and successful strength and conditioning programs. There are differences between men's and women's lacrosse, and the limited data suggest strength and conditioning programs similar to soccer and basketball with consideration of upper-body involvement and stick handling. Additional testing of successful athletes, analysis of events, and establishment of norms will enhance understanding of the game and strength and conditioning practices.
Mixed Ensemble Learning In Extracurricular Student Of SMPN 15 Palembang
Authors: Yonsutrisno Gilank , Idris Muhamad , Sepdwiko Deria 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe mixed ensemble learning in extracurricular activities in class IX students of SMP Negeri 15 Palembang. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation.
The preparation of the trainer before doing the learning is to determine the material that is taught to students at each meeting, then the trainer determines the strategies and learning methods that will be used in learning so that learning objectives are achieved. The implementation of mixed ensemble learning at SMP Negeri 15 Palembang includes; 1) The mixed ensemble learning process consists of group division, placement and selection of musical instruments, learning for each instrument, 2) Mixed ensemble learning includes three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation
Effect of malnutrition and body composition on the quality of life of COPD patients
Authors: Fekete M. , Fazekas-Pongor V. , Balazs P. , Tarantini S. , Szollosi G. , Pako J. , Nemeth A.N. , Varga J.T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPathological alterations in nutritional status may develop in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients through production of inflammatory cytokines and inadequate diet.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status and quality of life of COPD patients.MethodsWe evaluated the nutritional status of COPD patients of Hungarian National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) between January 1 and June 1, 2019. Lung function, physical fitness, and respiratory muscle strength were included in the assessment.ResultsFifty patients (mean age was 66.3 ± 9.6 years) participated in our study. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.2 ± 6.1 kg/m2 and mean fat-free mass index (FFMI) was 16.8 ± 2.4 kg/m2. Overweight patients had better lung function values (FEV1ref%: 46.3 ± 15.2) than normal (FEV1ref%: 45.1 ± 20.9) and underweight patients (FEV1ref%: 43.8 ± 16.0). The Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) was significantly associated with various parameters; strongest correlation was found with FFMI (r = −0.537, P < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) (r = −0.530, P < 0.001), and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (r = −0.481, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that malnourished COPD patients may have reduced lung function and lower quality of life compared to normal weight patients. Thus, our findings suggest that nutritional therapy be included in the treatment of COPD patients combined with nutritional risk screening and BIA during the follow-up.
Optimization of Balanced Menu for Pregnant Women in Grobogan-Central Java using Simplex Method
Authors: Nihaya Alivia Coraima Dewi  , Resmi Fitroh , Ngastiti Pukky Tetralian Bantining 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the optimization of balanced dietary composition for pregnant women. Determination of the optimization of balanced food is carried out by forming a linear model along with boundary conditions and objective functions, as well as inputting data on the age of pregnant women, age of pregnancy and maternal nutritional needs, then the calculation is carried out using the simplex method in order to obtain the weight of food ingredients that must be consumed to get a balanced nutrition, namely with 75 combinations that have been analyzed on groups of pregnant women aged 19-29 years and 30-49 years in three trimesters, including staple foods, vegetables (spinach, green mustard, cauliflower, kale, carrots), fruit, side dishes vegetables, nuts, sugar and milk with the recommended nutritional adequacy rate for the data content of water, energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate (KH), fiber, vitamin A, B1, B2, B3 and vitamin C. In the group of pregnant women aged 19-29 years and women aged 30-49 years in the three trimesters, it was found that the combination of 55 was the optimal combination with rice, kale, watermelon, and tofu.
Image X-Ray Classification for COVID-19 Detection Using GCLM-ELM
Authors: Maksum Vivin Umrotul M. , Novitasari Dian C. Rini , Hamid Abdulloh 
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 is a disease or virus that has recently spread worldwide. The disease has also taken many casualties because the virus is notoriously deadly. An examination can be carried out using a chest X-Ray because it costs cheaper compared to swab and PCR tests. The data used in this study was chest X-Ray image data. Chest X-Ray images can be identified using Computer-Aided Diagnosis by utilizing machine learning classification. The first step was the preprocessing stage and feature extraction using the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The result of the feature extraction was then used at the classification stage. The classification process used was Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is one of the artificial neural networks with advanced feedforward which has one hidden layer called Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks (SLFNs). The results obtained by GLCM feature extraction and classification using ELM achieved the best accuracy of 91.21%, the sensitivity of 100%, and the specificity of 91% at 135° rotation using linear activation function with 15 hidden nodes.
The business management training needs of South African Biokineticists to ensure business sustainability
Authors: Lumb Michael James , Marais Karel 
Published: July 2021

Background: Business management training is essential for success in the modern era. Health and medical professionals are exposed to knowledge that allows them to treat pathologies. However, their training does not prepare them to manage their practices as businesses and in a sustainable, effective, and efficient manner.Objectives: To investigate the business management training needs of registered South African Biokineticists.
Methods: A quantitative and descriptive research design was used. Sixty-nine registered Biokineticists answered the emailed survey. The survey was sent out on two separate days, two weeks apart. Participants could only answer the survey once. The survey was sent out by the Biokinetics Association of South Africa (BASA). The sample in this study consisted of both male and female participants who graduated between the years of 1985-2019. The survey consisted of demographic questions about their study methods. It also included a 5-point Likert Scale where a score of 1 indicated an exceptionally low need and a score of 5 indicated a very high need for corresponding business processes. The business processes included accounting, business sustainability, corporate social responsibility, ethics, financial management, human resource management, leadership and managerial decision-making, marketing, operational management, and strategic management. A final open-ended question on what other business management training the participant needed was asked at the end of the survey.
Results: Combined high to very high needs (X≥4 on the Likert Scale) for the business management processes explored were: accounting: 28%, business sustainability: 33%, corporate social responsibility: 23%, ethics: 55%, financial management: 35%, human resource management: 29%, leadership and managerial decision-making: 43%, marketing: 41%, operational management: 39%, and strategic management: 33%. Seventy-one percent of the participants who took part in the study suggested that they needed other business management training needs, providing suggestions in the final question. Of the 71% of participants who answered this question, the most important requests identified included information technology (17%), tax- related management and knowledge (19%) and medical aid training for ICD-10 coding (13%). The other 51% of the participants that answered the final question provided suggestions that could be categorised into the areas of business already reported on in the Likert Scale. Sixty-nine out of a possible ±1600 registered Biokineticists who were BASA members completed the survey. This represents a response rate of about 4%.
Conclusion: Business management training needs exist for South African Biokineticists. By addressing these needs, it may lead to improvements in overall patient care, practice management and small business growth which in return can lead to the socioeconomic stimulation of the country.
"Close Connection" Category in International Civil Procedure and in Conflict of Laws
Authors: Terentyeva L. V. 
Published: July 2021

The use of "close connection" in conflict of laws area and in international civil procedure preconditions the question whether it is possible to interpret it uniformly both as a basis for establishing the jurisdiction to resolve cross-border private law dispute, and as a basis for choosing the applicable law.When studying close connection within the framework of conflict-of-laws regulation, the author of the paper, along with the concept of "close connection" examines the concepts of "connection with only one country" and "the closest connection". The paper also discusses the concept of Proper law which, as a rule, in the Russian doctrine is identified with the category of close connection.Analysis of the close connection as the basis for establishing jurisdiction has led to the conclusion that it is necessary to apply a differentiated approach to determining the content of close connection within the framework of Conflict of Laws and international civil procedure. This assumption is based on the fact that when establishing jurisdiction to consider cross-border private law disputes on the ground of a close connection, a special task is solved to overcome the conflict of jurisdiction while observing the principle of equality between judicial procedures of different states, as well as the principle of international judicial cooperation. In addition, within the framework of the international civil procedure, the concept of “foreign element” preconditioning the manifestation of a close connection of the disputed legal relationship with the court of the state, can be endowed with additional content except the content attached to the foreign element within the framework of the conflict of laws, namely: obtaining evidence abroad; enforcement of a court order abroad, etc.