bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation analysis of field-aligned currents from the magnetic measurements of GRACE follow-on mission
Authors: Xiong Chao , Stolle Claudia , Michaelis Ingo , Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yunliang , Wang Hui , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study we performed a detailed analysis on the scale-size of field-aligned currents (FACs) at auroral latitudes, using the well-calibrated magnetic data from the non-dedicated magnetic field mission, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO). With two spacecraft following each other, the GRACE-FO provides a good opportunity to identify the variation of FACs with different scale lengths. The results show that the auroral FACs can be classified into two groups: the small-scale ones, shorter than some tens of kilometers, dominated by kinetic Alfvén waves, are quite dynamic; and the large-scale ones, typically larger than 150 km, can be considered as quasi-static and persist longer than 1 min. The GRACE-FO observations also reveal that the small-scale FACs at the same location sometimes can persist over 25 s, e.g., around dusk and dawn hours, which is longer than the typical persistent period (10 s) of kinetic Alfvén waves as earlier reported. The FAC structures show clear magnetic local time dependence, with higher correlations between the spacecraft around dusk and dawn hours; lower correlations are found around midnight and lowest correlations around noon, implying that the small-scale FACs most frequently appear at the noon cusp region. Slightly better correlations of FACs between two spacecraft are found during local summer, and such seasonal dependence is dominated by the correlations of small-scale FACs at noon. However, further analysis shows that the small-scale FACs at noon have largest occurrence and intensity during local summer, which reveals that when interpreting the cross-correlation analysis the intensity of FACs needs to be taken into account.
Graphical Abstract
Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically
Authors: Sobhani Nafiseh , Samadani Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen.

Main body of the abstract
In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies.

Short conclusion
In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among refugees and migrants in immigration detention: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Verhülsdonk Irina , Shahab Mona , Molendijk Marc 
Published: November 2021

Background
The number of forced migrants is increasing worldwide. Some governments detain refugees and migrants in immigration detention centres, which is associated with adverse mental health outcomes.

Aims
To estimate prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in child and adult refugees and migrants in immigration detention.

Method
Pre-registered systematic review with meta-analysis (Prospero ID: CRD42020196078).

Results
Systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Web of Science (final search date 1 October 2020) yielded nine eligible studies on the mental health of detained refugees and migrants (total n = 630 refugees and migrants, 522 of them in detention, among which 26 were children). For adults, prevalence rates for depression were 68% (95% CI 0.53–0.83%), for anxiety 54% (95% CI 0.36–0.72%) and for PTSD 42% (95% CI 0.22–0.63%). Theoretical comparisons with data from other meta-analyses revealed that prevalence rates and symptom severity were higher in detained, relative to non-detained samples.

Conclusions
Our data show a huge burden of mental health problems in detained refugees and migrants of all ages, also relative to non-detained samples. This suggests that immigration detention independently and adversely affects the mental health of refugees and migrants. This insight should encourage countries to minimise the use of immigration detention and implement alternative measures instead.
Personal, social and relational predictors of UK postgraduate researcher mental health problems
Authors: Berry Clio , Niven Jeremy E. , Hazell Cassie M. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Emerging evidence demonstrates that postgraduate researchers have high rates of mental health problems. These problems are distressing, affect PhD studies, and have longer-term potential effects beyond the duration of the PhD. Yet large-scale studies of multiple risk and protective factors are rare.

Aims
We aimed to test the predictive validity of a comprehensive set of potential determinants of mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety and suicidality) among postgraduate researchers in the UK, including personal, study-related, and supervision characteristics.

Method
We used regression models applied to data obtained from a national online survey of UK postgraduate researchers (Understanding DOCtoral researcher mental health; U-DOC, 2018–2019) to test predictors of mental health symptoms.

Results
These models show that postgraduate researchers' mental health symptoms are predicted by demographic, occupational, psychological, social and supervisory relationship factors. Greater perfectionism, more impostor thoughts and reduced supervisory communion most strongly and consistently predict mental health symptoms.

Conclusions
Institutions training postgraduate researchers should focus interventions intended to improve depression, anxiety, suicidality, on self-beliefs and social connectedness. Moreover, supervisors should be provided with training that improves the degree of agency, and especially communion, in the relationships they form with postgraduate researchers.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Triskelion-Shaped Fluorophores Bearing Coumarins with Nitrogen-Containing Donor Groups
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Kokubun Mirai , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Triskelion-shaped π-fluorophores bearing coumarins with nitrogen-containing donor groups (1a, 1b, and 1c) were successfully synthesized via intramolecular Ullmann coupling. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that 1a and 1b adopt curved propeller-shaped structures similar to that of parent compound 1-H. A theoretical study suggested that compounds 1a–1c possess two different molecular surfaces, as do Janus-type molecules. The emission spectra of 1a–1c in toluene showed broad emission bands at 570, 599, and 600 nm with a large Stokes shift at 4430–5930 cm−1. Although compounds 1a and 1b exhibited more intense fluorescence emission compared with that of parent compound, the emission intensity decreases in high-polarity solvents due to broken symmetry resulting from the twisting of the donor groups. Conversely, compound 1c showed weak emission in all tested solvents. These curved and triskelion-shaped fluorophores were found to form nanoaggregates in THF/H2O mixtures and demonstrated outstanding aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties.
Recent Progress on Mixed-Anion Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Takeiri Fumitaka , Kobayashi Genki , Matsuishi Satoru , Ogino Hiraku , Ida Shintaro , Mori Takao , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Tanabe Setsuhisa , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Imanaka Nobuhito , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mixed-anion compounds, in which multiple anions such as O2−, N3−, and H− are contained in the same compound, have recently attracted attention. Because mixed-anion compounds have a unique crystal structure with multiple anions coordinated to cations, materials with fundamentally new and innovative functions are expected to be developed for various chemistry and physics applications, including catalysts, batteries, and superconductors. In this Account, recent progress in the development of new mixed-anion compounds by the MEXT mixed-anion project is described, with emphasis on results related to the development of materials used as photocatalysts/photoelectrodes, phosphors, secondary battery components, conductors, and thermoelectric materials.
RESEARCH OF THE DYNAMICS OF RUSSIAN GDP IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Lomakin Nikolay I. , Radionova Elena A. , Rybanov Alexander A. , Mogharbel Natalya O. , Vodopyanova Natalia A. , Sycheva Alexandra V. 
Published: November 2021

In the course of the study, a nonlinear dependence of the GDP dynamics on the increase in freight turnover was revealed. A regression model has been developed that determines the value of GDP depending on the dynamics of freight turnover. It should be stated that in Russia there is a rather low level of application of digital innovations, in comparison with foreign companies in developed countries, and continues to remain at a low level.
Purpose. A hypothesis was put forward and proved that using a mathematical model, it is possible to obtain a forecast of Russia’s GDP for the next year based on the use of both a linear regression model reflecting the dependence of the GDP value on the dynamics of freight turnover, and using the AI-model “perceptron”, which includes the aggregate data reflecting the development of the economy.
Method or methodology of the work. The work used research methods such as: monographic, analytical, linear regression and nonlinear mathematical model, as well as analysis, study and generalization.
Results. A developed AI model (artificial intelligence model) “Perceptron” is presented, designed to predict Russia’s GDP based on input parameters representing a set of data reflecting the development of the real sector of the Russian economy in 2011–2019, including the dynamics of freight turnover. The experience of using artificial intelligence systems for forecasting time series, including the RF GDP, is considered.
Field of application of the results: economics, financial sphere, forecasting and planning of economic and financial activities, economic security
Ku nowej teorii dziedzictwa rzemieślniczego i rękodzielniczego – pomiędzy materialnością i niematerialnością w tworzeniu
Authors: Dziadowiec-Greganić Joanna 
Published: November 2021

Artykuł jest próbą przybliżenia zjawiska rzemieślnictwa i rękodzielnictwa w kontekście procesów patrymonializacji, koncentrując się na tytułowym napięciu między materialnością i niematerialnością w tworzeniu. Zaliczane wcześniej do kategorii kultury materialnej, obecnie – niezależnie od tego, czy rozpatruje się je ogólnie, czy jako konkretną tradycję kulturową danej wspólnoty – uchodzi w międzynarodowym dyskursie za jedną z najbardziej wyrazistych i popularnych dziedzin niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań jest m.in. heterodoksyjna teoria dziedzictwa oraz rozwinięte na jej bazie interdyscyplinarne krytyczne studia nad dziedzictwem, zakładające, że dziedzictwo jako proces jest praktyką dyskursywną skoncentrowaną na przeszłości, realizowaną jednak w teraźniejszości i w dużej mierze z myślą o przyszłości przez – co ważne – różne grupy depozytariuszy i użytkowników, nie zaś jedynie przez ekspertów. Analiza rzemieślnictwa i rękodzielnictwa z perspektywy prakseologicznej (know-how to do in action) wpisuje się w pojmowanie dziedzictwa bardziej w kategoriach czasownika niż rzeczownika. Tym samym, w tym przypadku, procesy patrymonializacji opierają się nie tyle na postawach deklaratywnych zorientowanych jedynie na wartościach, co na aktywnym doświadczeniu i umiejętnościach praktycznych, dających możliwość odkrywania w dziedzictwie rzemieślniczym i rękodzielniczym kulturotwórczego potencjału prorozwojowego.
Gut microbiota is associated with bone mineral density
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Wen Yan , Yang Xuena , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Chu Xiaomeng , Ye Jing , Liang Chujun , Yao Yao , Jia Yumeng , Zhang Feng 
Published: November 2021

Aims Despite the interest in the association of gut microbiota with bone health, limited population-based studies of gut microbiota and bone mineral density (BMD) have been made. Our aim is to explore the possible association between gut microbiota and BMD. Methods A total of 3,321 independent loci of gut microbiota were used to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 114 gut microbiota-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from UK Biobank cohort. Linear regressions were then conducted to evaluate the possible association of gut microbiota with L1-L4 BMD (n = 4,070), total BMD (n = 4,056), and femur total BMD (n = 4,054), respectively. PLINK 2.0 was used to detect the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × gut microbiota interaction effect on the risks of L1-L4 BMD, total BMD, and femur total BMD, respectively. Results We detected five, three, and seven candidate gut microbiota-related traits for L1-L4 BMD, total BMD, and femur BMD, respectively, such as genus Dialister (p = 0.004) for L1-L4 BMD, and genus Eisenbergiella (p = 0.046) for total BMD. We also detected two common gut microbiota-related traits shared by L1-L4 BMD, total BMD, and femur total BMD, including genus Escherichia Shigella and genus Lactococcus. Interaction analysis of BMD detected several genes that interacted with gut microbiota, such as phospholipase D1 ( PLD1) and endomucin ( EMCN) interacting with genus Dialister in total BMD, and COL12A1 and Discs Large MAGUK Scaffold Protein 2 ( DLG2) interacting with genus Lactococcus in femur BMD. Conclusion Our results suggest associations between gut microbiota and BMD, which will be helpful to further explore the regulation mechanism and intervention gut microbiota of BMD. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(11):734–741.
Analysis of an electrically reconfigurable metasurface for manipulating polarization of near-infrared light
Authors: Eskandari Mohammad Reza , Ali Shameli Mohammad , Safian Reza 
Published: November 2021

Integrating plasmonic metasurfaces with transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, opportunity to dynamically manipulate all degrees of freedom of light beams. Applying external stimuli to TCOs changes the plasmonic response of the nanostructure as a result of establishing an inhomogeneous optical property with deeply subwavelength films of epsilon-near-zero media, which is a challenge for better theoretical understanding of the dynamical tuning functionality. In this paper, we propose a dynamically reconfigurable reflective metasurface with the capability of electrical manipulation of the polarization state of near-infrared light. The structure behavior is investigated by numerical analysis and described based on the coupled-mode theory concept using the parameters of resonance wavelength, absorption, and radiation quality factors, altered by an external voltage. Variation of the applied bias voltage from

−

0.7

to 4.2 V for

p

-polarized light leads to a wide range of absorption quality factors from 43 to two. This change causes a dramatic decrease in the equivalent surface impedance of the metasurface in the ratio 4.9:0.2, which may pave the way to tailor polarization-manipulating functions such as circular-to-linear polarization conversion and cross-polarization conversion.
How single-photon emission performance for a coupled hyperbolic metamaterial–plasmonic antenna varies from the visible to the infrared regime
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem , Inam Faraz Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) based resonators have emerged as a very promising tool for providing highly enhanced as well as directional emission from a quantum emitter. HMM provides high-

k

hyperbolic modes to the radiation emitted from a quantum emitter embedded inside the HMM. These high-momentum hyperbolic HMM modes are coupled into free space by an antenna, which overcomes the large mismatch between free-space modes and HMM modes. Recently, cylindrical metallic antennas were observed to be the most effective in overcoming this momentum mismatch. In this work, we try to understand how this free-space out-coupling of emission from a quantum emitter embedded inside the HMM, with a cylindrical plasmonic antenna over the HMM’s top surface, varies as a function of frequency (or wavelength). HMM mode hyperbolicity was observed to increase with an increase in the emission wavelength, leading to its effective coupling to a cylindrical antenna. However, for large excitation wavelengths, the absorption cross section of the plasmonic cylindrical antenna was found to be significant. This leads to increased radiation losses within the plasmonic antenna, leading to a reduction in the collection and quantum efficiency of the coupled system. The performance of the HMM coupled cylindrical plasmonic antenna was observed to have a Gaussian envelope type profile, having peak performance in the range of 1000–1100 nm, with maximum collection and quantum efficiencies reaching 52% and 70%, respectively.
The impact of the incorporation of a feasible postoperative mortality model at the Post-Anaesthestic Care Unit (PACU) on postoperative clinical deterioration: A pragmatic trial with 5,353 patients
Authors: de Souza Gutierrez Claudia , Bottega Katia , de Jezus Castro Stela Maris , Gravina Gabriela Leal , Toralles Eduardo Kohls , Silveira Martins Otávio Ritter , Caumo Wolnei , Stefani Luciana Cadore 
Published: November 2021

Background
Practical use of risk predictive tools and the assessment of their impact on outcome reduction is still a challenge. This pragmatic study of quality improvement (QI) describes the preoperative adoption of a customised postoperative death probability model (SAMPE model) and the evaluation of the impact of a Postoperative Anaesthetic Care Unit (PACU) pathway on the clinical deterioration of high-risk surgical patients.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 2,533 surgical patients compared with 2,820 historical controls after the adoption of a quality improvement (QI) intervention. We carried out quick postoperative high-risk pathways at PACU when the probability of postoperative death exceeded 5%. As outcome measures, we used the number of rapid response team (RRT) calls within 7 and 30 postoperative days, in-hospital mortality, and non-planned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission.

Results
Not only did the QI succeed in the implementation of a customised risk stratification model, but it also diminished the postoperative deterioration evaluated by RRT calls on very high-risk patients within 30 postoperative days (from 23% before to 14% after the intervention, p = 0.05). We achieved no survival benefits or reduction of non-planned ICU. The small group of high-risk patients (13% of the total) accounted for the highest proportion of RRT calls and postoperative death.

Conclusion
Employing a risk predictive tool to guide immediate postoperative care may influence postoperative deterioration. It encouraged the design of pragmatic trials focused on feasible, low-technology, and long-term interventions that can be adapted to diverse health systems, especially those that demand more accurate decision making and ask for full engagement in the control of postoperative morbi-mortality.
Local action plan to promote access to the health system by indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group in Manaus, Brazil: Analysis of the plan´s development, experiences, and impact through a mixed-methods study (2020)
Authors: de Jezus Sonia Vivian , Ilha da Silva Adriana , Alexandre Arcêncio Ricardo , de Faria Marcos Terena Nahari , dos Santos Pinheiro Jair , Souza Sacramento Daniel , de Souza Silva Freitas Paula , Carminati Siqueira Priscila , Mocelin Helaine Jacinta Salvador , Maria Silva Araújo Vania , da Silva Lima Rogério , Nascimento do Prado Thiago , Maia Martins Sales Carolina , Noia Maciel Ethel Leonor 
Published: November 2021

Background
The provision of care and monitoring of health are essential for indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group, who are at risk of decimation.

Objective
Analyze a Local Action Plan (LAP) to promote access to the health system of indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group (IVWEG) in Manaus, Brazil.

Method
A mixed-methods study was performed. Quantitative data were collected to assess the provision of care and monitoring of health conditions in IVWEG through a survey that was self-completed by healthcare providers. Qualitative narrative data were collected to gain insight into IVWEG that seek care. We applied descriptive statistics, grouping analysis (GA) by hierarchical levels, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Content analysis was applied to qualitative data.

Results
106 healthcare providers participated in the study, with the following characteristics: 94 (88.7%) females, 67 (63.2%) pardo race/color, 40 (37.7%) working in primary healthcare, and 49 (46.2%) nurses. In addition, 43 (40.6%) of the healthcare providers reported providing care to IVWEG. Among the providers, 89 (84%) had received training for assisting IVWEG. Additionally, 30 IVWEG were enrolled for interviews in the qualitative phase. The barriers to seeking care were language, distance to health units, and lack of money for transportation. The LAP proved to facilitate access to the health system by indigenous Venezuelans from the Warao ethnic group in Manaus. The study contributed to knowledge on a LAP addressed to IVWEG and helped improved their access to the health system, providing appropriate training for healthcare providers and other relevant actors by implementing a coherent and consistent public health policy at the local level.