bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-Mediated Anharmonic Phonon Transport and Thermal Conductivity Reduction in Defective Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Cai Zhuangli , Liu Zuolin , Yang Bin , Yang Min , Lin Shangchao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hybrid metal halide perovskite is a promising material for efficient photovoltaic cells and potential thermoelectric energy conversion. This paper investigates phonon thermal transport in iodine-vacancy-defect methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the iodine vacancy defects suppress the thermal conductivity of defective MAPbI3. This effect is enhanced with increasing the defect concentration. The reduction of thermal conductivity of MAPbI3 with iodine vacancy defects compared with the pristine counterpart is mainly attributed to the enhanced phonon anharmonicity and shorter phonon relaxation time due to the phonon-defect scattering. Although iodine diffusion is observed in MAPbI3 with iodine vacancy defects, defect migration has a limited impact on mass-transfer induced convective phonon transport, while it is a source of phonon anharmonicity. This study may provide guidance for theoretical research and industrial application of as-synthesized metal halide perovskites with intrinsic defects.
CFD Study of the Thermal Performance Improvement of a Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger Using Enhanced Surface Tubes
Authors: Santos Humberto , Li Wei , Kukulka David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A CFD investigation was carried out to compare the thermal performance of the 1EHT-1 and 1EHT-2 tubes with a smooth surface tube using R410A at 311K as working fluid. These tubes have enhanced heat transfer area generated by a series of dimples/protrusions and petals distributed over its surface. All the stages of this simulation were conducted using Ansys Fluent. Initially, the physical model of the fluid domain was developed using the Design Modeler module, with an internal tube diameter of 8.32mm, and then imported to the meshing module for the griding process. To ensure accuracy in the results, the mesh average orthogonal quality was kept above 0.7, with the minimum orthogonal quality higher than 0.1. For the numerical simulation, SST k-omega model was used, with Reynolds number ranging from 16000 to 35000. The results of the heat transfer coefficient were validated based on previous experimental work. As expected, at the lowest Reynolds number tested, the heat transfer coefficient for the 1EHT-1 tube was 1097.5 W.K−1.m−2, followed by 1058 W.K−1.m−2 for the 1EHT-2 and nearly 846 W.K−1.m−2 for the smooth tube. When compared with the experimental results, a good agreement was observed, and the HTC relative error (RE) for all tubes tested was below 10%. It is possible to conclude that the CFD model used here presents as powerful tool to simulate and predict heat transfer with good accuracy, allowing optimization in heat exchangers design and operational parameters.
A Proposed Procedure for Identifying the Predominant Heat Transfer Modes Along the Length of Large Nickel Laterite Ore Rotary Kiln: Experimental Validation in an Industrial Process
Authors: Ruiz Janneth , Ardila Antonio , Rueda Bernardo , Echeverri Jorge , Quintero Daniel , Guillin Wilson , Corredor Lesme , Gonzalez Arturo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nickel is essential in many consumer, industrial, military, transport, aerospace, marine, and architectural products due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties. This work focuses on the calcination and pre-reduction of laterite nickel ore to produce ferronickel. Ferronickel is an alloy containing nickel (about 30% wt.) and iron used for manufacturing stainless steel. Calcination and pre-reduction entail removing chemically bonded water from partially dried ore and removing oxygen from mineral oxides in the calcine. Here we combine a proprietary database with operation data of two rotary kilns and model predictions of Mean Residence Time, shell losses, intraparticle evaporation, and intraparticle temperature distribution. The kilns feature notable differences in length, inclination angle, excess air, but the predicted Mean Residence Times are similar. A fitted profile of experimental solids bed temperature represented particles surface temperature. The model considered slab-like mineral particles with surface-to-center distances of 13, 25, and 38 mm. Results show notable differences in the drying zone length and average surface-to-center temperature differences. Surface-to-center distances higher than 25 mm result in average surface-to-center temperature differences higher than 80°C. The following steps are improvements in the particle model and its coupling with the gas and wall temperature profiles.
Geo-Hydrodynamic Risk Management: Villano-Baeza Pipeline System
Authors: Vásconez Fabián , Velasteguí Alberto , Núñez Jaime , Torres Patricio , Riofrío Paco , Ponce Hernán , Bermeo Raul , Quishpe Jorge 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main areas susceptible to the occurrence of landslides, which imply a threat against the pipeline system, are identified, mapped and classified according to their degree of danger, for which the kinematics of each landslide is considered its intensity and probability of occurrence.
In a second phase, detailed geological, geotechnical and geophysical investigations of the main landslides, both active and potential, are carried out.
A monitoring program of the unstable slopes through inclinometers, piezometers, strain-gauges, crack meters is carried out in order to determine the degree of activity of the landslides. Among the monitoring techniques, PCM (Pipeline Current Mapper) has been incorporated.
Additionally, a record and analysis of trigger factors such as rainfall and seismic activity is carried out.
As an additional control system, periodic review of multi-temporal satellite images has been incorporated, which provides a macro vision of the evolution of geodynamic, hydrodynamic and anthropic processes that could affect the integrity of the pipeline any time.
Of importance for management is the work of preventive maintenance of the Right of Way, trying to identify and manage the geodynamic processes in a timely manner, before they become uncontrollable.
As a result, we have an Oil Pipeline System that has not suffered any rupture, and without consequently oil spills, in more than 21 years of operation.
Association of Individual Motor Abilities and Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity Measures in Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Breau Becky , Brandes Berit , Wright Marvin N. , Buck Christoph , Vallis Lori Ann , Brandes Mirko 
Published: July 2021

This study explored the relationship between motor abilities and accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity (PA) within preschool-aged children. A total of 193 children (101 girls, 4.2 ± 0.7 years) completed five tests to assess motor abilities, shuttle run (SR), standing long jump, lateral jumping, one-leg stand, and sit and reach. Four PA variables derived from 7-day wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometers were analyzed including moderate to vigorous PA (in minutes), total PA (in minutes), percentage of total PA time in moderate to vigorous PA, and whether or not children met World Health Organization guidelines for PA. Linear regressions were conducted to explore associations between each PA variable (predictor) and motor ability (outcome). Models were adjusted for age, sex, height, parental education, time spent at sports clubs, and wear time. Models with percentage of total PA time in moderate to vigorous PA were adjusted for percentage of total PA time. Regression analyses indicated that no PA variables were associated with any of the motor abilities, but demographic factors such as age (e.g., SR: ß = −0.45; 95% confidence interval [−1.64, −0.66]), parental education (e.g., SR: ß = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [0.11, 1.87]), or sports club time (e.g., SR: ß = −0.08; 95% confidence interval [−0.98, 0.26]) showed substantial associations with motor abilities. Model strength varied depending on the PA variable and motor ability entered. Results demonstrate that total PA and meeting current PA guidelines may be of importance for motor ability development and should be investigated further. Other covariates showed stronger associations with motor abilities such as time spent at sports clubs and should be investigated in longitudinal settings to assess the associations with individual motor abilities.
Temporal trends in respiratory care and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants over a 10-year period in Spain
Authors: Avila-Alvarez Alejandro , Zozaya Carlos , Pértega-Diaz Sonia , Sanchez-Luna Manuel , Iriondo-Sanz Martin , Elorza Maria Dolores , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate trends in respiratory care practices and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among very preterm infants born in Spain between 2010 and 2019.Study designThis was a retrospective cohort study of data obtained from a national population-based database (SEN1500 network). Changes in respiratory care and BPD-free survival of infants with gestational age (GA) of 230–316 weeks and <1500 g were assessed over two 5-year periods. Temporal trends were examined by joinpoint and Poisson regression models and expressed as the annual per cent change and adjusted relative risk (RR) for the change per year.ResultsA total of 17 952 infants were included. In the second period, infants were less frequently intubated in the delivery room and during neonatal intensive care unit stay. This corresponded with an increase in use of non-invasive ventilation techniques. There were no significant differences between the periods in BPD-free survival or survival without moderate-to-severe BPD. After adjusting for covariates, the RR for the change per year was significant for the following variables: never intubated (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04); intubation in the delivery room (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11); and BPD-free survival (only in the group with the lowest GA; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99).ConclusionOur findings reveal significant changes in respiratory care practices between 2009 and 2019. Despite an increase in use of non-invasive respiratory strategies, BPD-free survival did not improve and even worsened in the group with the lowest GA (230–256).
Spatial clustering and contextual factors associated with hospitalisation and deaths due to COVID-19 in Sweden: a geospatial nationwide ecological study
Authors: Fonseca-Rodríguez Osvaldo , Gustafsson Per E , San Sebastián Miguel , Connolly Anne-Marie Fors 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionIn Sweden, thousands of hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 were reported since the pandemic started. Considering the uneven spatial distribution of those severe outcomes at the municipality level, the objective of this study was, first, to identify high-risk areas for COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths, and second, to determine the associated contextual factors with the uneven spatial distribution of both study outcomes in Sweden.MethodsThe existences of spatial autocorrelation of the standardised incidence (hospitalisations) ratio and standardised mortality ratio were investigated using Global Moran’sItest. Furthermore, we applied the retrospective Poisson spatial scan statistics to identify high-risk spatial clusters. The association between the contextual demographic and socioeconomic factors and the number of hospitalisations and deaths was estimated using a quasi-Poisson generalised additive regression model.ResultsTen high-risk spatial clusters of hospitalisations and six high-risk clusters of mortality were identified in Sweden from February 2020 to October 2020. The hospitalisations and deaths were associated with three contextual variables in a multivariate model: population density (inhabitants/km2) and the proportion of immigrants (%) showed a positive association with both outcomes, while the proportion of the population aged 65+ years (%) showed a negative association.ConclusionsOur study identified high-risk spatial clusters for hospitalisations and deaths due to COVID-19 and the association of population density, the proportion of immigrants and the proportion of people aged 65+ years with those severe outcomes. Results indicate where public health measures must be reinforced to improve sustained and future disease control and optimise the distribution of resources.
Global burden of post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in countries affected by war between 1989 and 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoppen Thole H , Priebe Stefan , Vetter Inja , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveExtensive research has demonstrated high prevalences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression (MD) in war-surviving populations. However, absolute estimates are lacking, which may additionally inform policy making, research and healthcare. We aimed at estimating the absolute global prevalence and disease burden of adult survivors of recent wars (1989–2019) affected by PTSD and/or MD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of interview-based epidemiological surveys assessing the prevalence of PTSD and/or MD in representative samples from countries with a recent war history (1989–2019). Drawing on the war definition and geo-referenced data of the Uppsala Conflict Database Programme and population estimates of the United Nations for 2019, we extrapolated the meta-analytic results to absolute global numbers of affected people. Drawing on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, we further calculated the PTSD-associated and MD-associated DALYs.ResultsTwenty-two surveys (N=15 420) for PTSD, 13 surveys for MD (N=9836) and six surveys on the comorbidity of PTSD and MD (N=1131) were included. Random effects meta-analyses yielded point prevalences of 26.51% for PTSD and 23.31% for MD. Of those affected by PTSD, 55.26% presented with comorbid MD. Prevalence rates were not significantly associated with war intensity and length, time since war, response rate or survey quality. The extrapolation yielded 316 million adult war-survivors globally who suffered from PTSD and/or MD in 2019. War-survivors were almost exclusively living in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) and carried a burden of 3 105 387 and 4 083 950 DALYs associated with PTSD and MD, respectively.ConclusionsSince LMICs lack sufficient funding and qualified professionals to provide evidence-based psychological treatments for such large numbers of affected people, alternative and scalable strategies using existing resources in primary care and communities are required. Research is required to assist upscaling.
Are interventions to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in premenopausal women effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Lan , Faller Jan , Majmudar Ishani , Nguyen Phuong , Moodie Marj 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesNon-traditional risk factors place young women at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over their lifetime. The current study undertakes a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of primary prevention interventions for CVD in premenopausal women.MethodsAn electronic literature search was performed in key databases in July 2018 and updated in May 2020. RCTs that recruited predominately female participants with a proportion aged under 55 years and that compared primary prevention interventions of CVD with usual practice were included. Two reviewers undertook the selection process for study inclusion. Meta-analysis was conducted for studies based on the same intervention in order to synthesise the results.Results14 RCTs with sample size ranging from 49 to 39 876 were included. Interventions included diet (2), vitamin E/antioxidants (3), lifestyle modification programme (7) and aspirin (2). The meta-analysis results indicated that diet nor vitamin E/antioxidant did not significantly lower the CVD risk profiles, while lifestyle modification programme involving components of lifestyle education, counselling and multiple follow-ups showed great potential to improve risk profiles. The lifestyle modification intervention improved blood pressure (−2.11 mm Hg, 95% CI −4.32 to 0.11, for systolic and −3.31 mm Hg (95% CI −4.72 to −1.91, for diastolic), physical activity (30.72 MET-min/week, 95% CI 23.57 to 37.87, for moderate physical activity 12.70 MET-min/week, 95% CI 8.27 to 17.14, for vigorous physical activity) and fasting blood glucose (−0.37 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.15). Subgroup meta-analysis in studies with a mean age under 51 years old suggested that lifestyle modification intervention remained to be effective in improving physical activity and fasting blood glucose.ConclusionThe effective interventions identified in this review although with a small sample size and short duration could potentially inform future design of primary prevention of CVD in premenopausal women.
Retrospective cohort study of androgen deprivation therapy and the risk of diabetes in men with prostate cancer in Lithuania
Authors: Drevinskaite Mingaile , Patasius Ausvydas , Kincius Marius , Urbonas Vincas , Smailyte Giedre 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo examine the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with prostate cancer and its association with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).Design and participantsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Lithuanian male population between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2012 who were identified through the Lithuanian Cancer registry. All prostate cancer cases were linked to the National Health Insurance Fund database to obtain information regarding the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and information on prescriptions of antiandrogens and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Patients with prostate cancer were followed up until the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, or 31 December 2017, or date of death, whichever came first. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with prostate cancer with or without ADT exposure.Results27 580 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, out of whom 14 502 (52.6%) did not receive ADT and 13 078 (47.4%) were treated with ADT. The incidence of type 2 diabetes for all patients with prostate cancer was 7.4/1000 person-years, for men on GnRH agonists 9.0/1000 person-years and 5.8/1000 person-years for men on antiandrogens. There was an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes comparing ADT users and non-users (HR=1.49, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.66).ConclusionThis study showed an increased risk of diabetes in patients with prostate cancer treated with ADT in comparison to ADT-free patient cohort. GnRH agonist users showed higher susceptibility, while the group on antiandrogen monotherapy showed no such increase.
Poliovirus excretion among children with primary immune deficiency in Pakistan: a pilot surveillance study protocol
Authors: Pethani Asma Sadruddin , Kazi Zaubina , Nayyar Ujala , Shafiq-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Yousafzai Muhammad Tahir , Ondrej Mach , Saleem Ali Faisal 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionChildren with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are more susceptible to developing viral infections and are at a substantially increased risk of developing paralytic poliomyelitis. Such children, if given oral polio vaccines tend to excrete poliovirus chronically that may lead to the propagation of highly divergent vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Consequently, they may act as a reservoir for the community by introducing an altered virus potentially imposing a risk to global polio eradication. However, the risks of chronic and prolonged excretion are not well characterised in the study context. This study seeks to establish a pilot surveillance system for successful identification and monitoring of VDPV excretion among children with PID. It will assess whether the Jeffrey Modell warning signs of PID can be used as an appropriate screening tool for PID in Pakistan.Methods and analysisIn this pilot surveillance, recruitment of PID cases is currently done at participating hospitals in Pakistan. Potential children are screened and tested against the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) warning signs for immunodeficiency and their stool is collected to test for poliovirus excretion. Cases excreting poliovirus are followed until the two consecutive negative stool samples are obtained over a period of 6 months. The data will be analysed to calculate hospital-based proportions of total Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases over a 2-year period and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the JMF signs.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the WHO (WHO Reference-2018/811124-0), Aga Khan University (AKU ERC-2018-0380-1029) and National Bioethics Committee (Ref No. 4-87 NBC-308-Y2). The results will be published in an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented to the iVDPV Working Group members, policy-makers, paediatric consultants and fellow researchers with the same domain interest. It may be presented in scientific conferences and seminars in the form of oral or poster presentations.
Use of complexity theory in health and social care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carroll Aine , Stokes Diarmuid , Darley Andrew 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionDespite the use of a wide variety of improvement tools and approaches, healthcare organisations continue to struggle in several key areas. Complexity-informed approaches have the potential to offer health and social care a new paradigm for understanding, designing, implementing and evaluating solutions, yet so far has failed to gain the traction anticipated some years ago. There is a growing need for high quality syntheses of the existing knowledge base in this area and given the diversity of theory and approaches, a scoping review is the best approach to curate this knowledge.MethodsA scoping review of relevant literature from January 2000 to present, using the refined Arksey and O’Malley six-stage framework will be conducted. This protocol will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews. A three-step search strategy will be used. An initial search of databases will be undertaken to identify key search terms followed by an analysis of retrieved papers title and abstract text words, and of index terms used to describe the articles. A second search using all identified keywords and index terms will then be undertaken across all included databases. Third, the reference lists of identified reports and articles will be searched. Authors of primary articles will be contacted and a search for grey material performed. Finally, a complete search strategy of one major database will be included.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a scoping review, ethical approval is not required. The results of the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences and will guide a large research project investigating teamwork. All data will be stored in accordance with best General Data Protection Regulation practice.RegistrationThis scoping review protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework.