bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anticancer effects of Levonorgestrel on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Yan Liangying , Wang Zhongyu , Wang Huimin , Zhang Chengwei , Cao Wenbo , Jia Tongtong , Wang Yuda , Mo Saijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drug repositioning is a better way to cancer drug discovery. As a common used oral contraceptive, Levonorgestrel (LNG) was found to play important anticancer roles in several cancers, but its role in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was little known. Using ESCC cell line of Ec1 and human normal esophageal epithelial cell line of Het-1A, this study was aim to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of LNG on the ESCC. The results showed that LNG inhibit the cell proliferation; LNG also induced the cell apoptosis of ESCC related to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway for its disruption of mitochondrial capacity and upregulation of cleaved-Caspase 3 and the declining of the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax; LNG can inhibit the cell migration of ESCC with the E-cadherin overexpression. The anticancer effect of LNG on ESCC mainly associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through up-regulation the phosphorylation level of β-catenin. At last, the study declared that LNG combined with cisplatin (CDDP) significantly suppressed the proliferation of Ec1. In conclusions, the LNG serves as efficient anticancer drug in ESCC cells and maybe used for drug repositioning to adjunctive therapy ESCC.
Fiscal role of personal property tax
Authors: Абакарова Р.Ш. 
Published: February 2021

Цель работы – выявить текущую роль имущественных налогов в формировании бюджетных доходов территорий Российской Федерации. Основные элементы рассматриваемых налогов изучены с применением метода наблюдения и сбора фактов. Рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на фискальную значимость изучаемого налога, анализируется динамика его элементов. Рассматриваются перспективы изменения исчисления и взимания налога, а также возможные варианты влияния элементов налога и других факторов на его фискальную значимость. Делается вывод о низкой фискальной роли налога и практическом отсутствии возможностей влияния на фискальную значимость органов местного самоуправления в рамках полномочий, определенных Налоговым кодексом РФ при установлении и введении в действие данного налога на территории муниципального образования.
The purpose of the work is to identify the current role of property taxes in the formation of budget revenues territories of the Russian Federation. The main elements of the taxes under consideration were studied using the method of observation and collecting facts.The factors influencing the fiscal significance of the tax under study are considered, and the dynamics of its elements is analyzed. The prospects for changes in the calculation and collection of tax, as well as possible options for the impact of tax elements and other factors on its fiscal significance are considered. The conclusion is made about the low fiscal role of the tax and the practical lack of opportunities to influence the fiscal significance of local governments within the powers defined by the Tax code of the Russian Federation when establishing and implementing this tax on the territory of a municipality.
Treatment of AMD using a combination of saw dust, bentonite clay and phosphate in the removal of turbid materials and toxic metals
Authors: Ntwampe I. O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acid mine drainage collected from the western decant in South Africa was treated in a series of small-scale laboratory experiments. 200 mL of the sample was poured into five 500 mL glass beakers using flocculants formed by mixing size-optimized 1.5 g of bentonite clay with 3.5 g saw dust and 1.0 g of Na3PO4 in triplicates (experiment A). Four similar sets of control experiments were conducted using the same amount of bentonite clay and saw dust with varying Na3PO4, contents in AMD treatment; the rationale being to determine the efficiency of Na3PO4 (experiments B, C and D). The results show that conductivity has an influence in the removal of the turbid materials. The removal efficiency of toxic metals using a flocculant containing 220 μm bentonite clay particle size and 0.012 or 0.25 M of Na3PO4 is higher than 96% when compared to that of the samples dosed with a flocculant containing 0.05 M Na3PO4, which is less than 91%. The flocculant also showed optimal removal efficiency of both turbid materials and toxic metals, i.e. removal efficiency within a range 96.5–99.3%. The flocculants containing 0.025 M Na3PO4 showed optimal removal efficiency of turbidity, colour, toxic metals and natural organic compounds.
Status Analysis of Herbal Drug Therapies in Epilepsy: Advancements in
the Use of Medicinal Plants with Anti-inflammatory Properties
Authors: Pahuja Monika , Mehla Jogender , Gupta Yogendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Use of plants and plant products in health care has shown exponential increase in past two decades.

Introduction:
In-spite of the availability of well-established pharmacotherapy for epilepsy, a large no of population still explores alternative treatments due to refractory seizures, adverse effects of drugs, chronic treatment, inaccessibility of standard therapies in rural areas and the social stigma attached to the disease. Various studies on medicinal plants showed the protective effect of herbals in animal models of epilepsy.

Method:
In the present review, a status analysis of the traditional use of various medicinal plants in epilepsy with a special focus on plats having anti-inflammatory potential is recorded.

Result and Conclusion :
The shortcomings of research on medicinal plants which needs to be explored further in order to tackle the growing need of safer and effective drugs for epilepsy are discussed. Overall, there is a huge scope of herbal drugs in CNS disorders especially epilepsy, either as an adjunct by reducing the dose and thus side effects of standard anti-epileptic drugs or as standalone agent . Although, there is still an urgent need of well planned randomized controlled clinical trials to validate their efficacy and safety.
Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitor Based Supersaturable Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Canagliflozin: Optimization and Evaluation
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Tiwary Ashok K. , Kang Tejwant Singh , Bedi Neena 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The present investigation attempts to optimize Supersaturable lipid based
formulation (SS SMEDDS) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IV drug canagliflozin
(CFZ) and evaluating the oral bioavailability of the formulation.

Methods:
Preliminary screening revealed Poloxamer 188 to most effectively inhibit precipitation
of CFZ after dispersion during in vitro supersaturation studies. Box Behnken Design was employed
for designing different formulations, and various statistical analyses were done to select an
appropriate mathematical model. The optimized formulation (OSS 1) was evaluated for in vitro
drug release and ex vivo permeation studies to evaluate drug release and permeation rate. Pharmacokinetic
studies have been carried out according to standard methodologies.

Results:
The optimized formulation (OSS 1) containing 781.1 mg SS SMEDDS and 2.24% w/w
Poloxamer 188 was developed at a temperature of 60°C, which revealed nano-globule size with
negligible aggregation. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the thermodynamic state of
formed microemulsion with negative ΔG. The optimized formulation was observed to possess physical
stability under different stress conditions and acceptable drug content. In vitro dissolution of
optimized SS SMEDDS revealed a higher dissolution rate of CFZ as compared to native forms of
CFZ. The permeability of CFZ from optimized SS SMEDDS across various excised segments of
rat intestine was observed to be multifold higher as manifested by 2.05-fold higher Cmax and 5.64-
fold higher AUC0-36h following oral administration to Wistar rats.

Conclusion:
The results could be attributed to substantial lymphatic uptake and P-glycoprotein substrate
affinity of CFZ in SS SMEDDS investigated through chylomicron and P-glycoprotein inhibition
approach, respectively.
A Review on Synthetic Approaches of Phenanthridine
Authors: Kshirsagar Nilesh , Sonawane Ratnamala , Pathan Sultan , Kamble Ganesh , Pal Singh Girdhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:The phenanthridine family is widely found in medicinal chemistry and material science because of the biological activity and its presence in a variety of significant natural products and synthetic dye stuffs. The phenanthridine has many clinical applications, for e.g., being used as an anticancer agent, possessing antibacterial, antiprotozoal, pharmaceutical, and optoelectronic properties. Many methods have been reported for the synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridine alkaloids, such as Pd catalyzed C-C bond formation, a reaction involving C-H activation, radical, microwave-assisted, transition metal-catalyzed, one-pot cascade, benzyne mediated, photochemical, hypervalent iodine promoted methods, etc. Here, we have summarized the literature data from 2014 to the present concerning novel or improved synthetic approaches.
Use of 3-(Pentafluorosulfanyl)phenol to Access to Advanced Substituted Pentafluorosulfanylphenol/anisole: Application to the Synthesis of 2-(Arylpentafluorosulfanyl)indanedione
Authors: Michaut Antoine , Quatrevaux Sabrina , Queguiner Laurence , Gaurrand Sandrine , Guillemont Jérôme 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:The synthesis of advanced substituted 3-pentafluorosulfanylphenol/anisole was accomplished starting from the easy to access and commercially available 3-pentafluorosulfanylphenol. These products bear diverse substitutions such as ester, aldehyde, halogens, alcohol, nitrile and carboxylic acid and could be in the future used as high-value building blocks for the synthesis of various scaffolds. For our part, this intermediate had been used to synthesize a library of 2-arylindadiones substituted by a pentafluorosulfanyl group.
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Genus Flindersia (Rutaceae)
Authors: Nascimento Lara Pessanha Soares , Passos Michel de Souza , Nogueira Thalya Soares Ribeiro , Arantes Mayara Barreto de Souza , Monteiro Noemi Oliveira , Boeno Samyra Imad da Silva , Moreira Antônio Sérgio Nascimento , Vieira Milena Gonçalves Curcino , de Carvalho Júnior Almir Ribeiro , Braz-Filho Raimundo , Vieira Ivo José Curcino 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:The genus Flindersia comprises 17 species distributed in Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and the Maluku Islands. With a variety of classes of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, among other compounds, to date the genus has not been widely studied phytochemically, having more value in the timber industry. However, the objective of this review is to gather the necessary information for future research on this genus, for the inclusion of new chemical constituents and biological activities. Thus, we show that the genus Flindersia has more than 160 isolated or identified compounds. In addition, the alkaloids in this genus confer antimalarial activity.
Sleep Disorders Research From 1945 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hassan Waseem , Zafar Mehreen , Noreen Hamsa , Ara Amina , Duarte Antonia Eliene , Kamdem Jean Paul , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , da Rocha Joao Batista Teixeira 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The objective of the present review is to perform the 1st bibliometric analysis
of sleep disorders research.

Methods:
The data was retrieved from Scopus in July 2020 for detailed analysis.

Results:
The 1st precise document about the sleep disorder was published in 1945. Till 15th July
2020, a total of 69657 documents were found in the Scopus database. Approximately eighty-two
percent (57013/81.87%) of documents are published in the last twenty years (from 2001-2020). We
calculated the per-year Growth Rate (GR) of publications (from 2000-onwards). The highest number
of documents are published in 2019 (4337/7.90% of 57013) followed by 2018 (4249/7.74% of
57013) and 2017 (3974/7.24% of 57013). The productivity index (PI) for 1950-1960 and
2011-2020 era was found to be 100.21. We also provided the details of the top 50 countries with
the maximum number of publications (from 1945 to July 2020). The top three (3) countries are the
USA, with 24262 publications (34.83%), followed by UK (5566/8.0%) and Germany
(4791/6.87%). We also performed the co-words analysis. Total 956643 (0.95 million) keywords
were retrieved from 69657 published documents. After a critical analysis, we categorized them into
different groups to show the trend in various domains. In the next phase of the study, only those
documents were analyzed, which contained the phrase “sleep disorder” in the titles of the publications.
Total 3626 documents were found. We calculated the per-year growth rate (GR). The continental
distribution, the list of top twenty authors, sources/journals, departments or institutes, countries
and research documents with highest citations are provided. By VOS viewer analysis, 6752,
36511 and 11473 terms in titles of the manuscripts, abstracts, and keywords were recorded, respectively.
This may help in describing the overall trend in these publications.

Conclusions:
The present study provides a detailed list of top authors, departments, countries,
sources, and top 20 most cited documents. The co-words analysis may help in describing the trends
in the field of sleep disorders.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a New Type of Non-Volatile
Co(II)/Co(III) Electrolyte Delivering Higher Power Conversion Efficiency
for Indoor Applications
Authors: Sasi Soorya , Sajeev Arya , Sugunan Sunish K. , Nair Pankajakshan Radhakrishnan , Mathew Suresh 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Electrolyte is an essential constituent of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) as
it mediates charge transport and regenerates the oxidized dye. Iodide/triiodide (I-/I3-) based electrolytes
are the ones widely being used in DSSCs. These types of electrolytes are usually made by dissolving
high concentrations of triiodide and polyiodide species in solvents, such as acetonitrile and methoxypropionitrile.
These solvents face evaporation issues and lead to stability problems, which reduces the
life span of the DSSC. For solving these issues, various types of electrolytes, such as ionic liquids and
gelated liquid electrolytes, have been used to replace conventional volatile electrolytes.

Objective:
To solve the solvent evaporation issue and the electrical resistance rise, we aim to synthesis
a non-volatile electrolyte with excellent open-circuit voltage and stability.

Method:
A new genre of nonvolatile Co(II)/Co(III) redox electrolyte was synthesized by the reaction
of tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine)cobalt(II) and tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) cobalt(III) with
2,4,6-tris(dodecyloxy)benzaldehyde. As a proof-of-principle experiment, a DSSC was fabricated using
the as-synthesized electrolyte, N-719 dye as the light harvester, and TiO2 as the photoanode, and their
performances were analyzed in room light conditions.

Results:
The DSSCs deliver a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 22.1%, an open circuit voltage
of 1 V, and a power output of 88.5 μW cm–2 at 1000 lux, under illumination from a Deltron LED light.

Conclusion:
Cobalt-based non-volatile electrolytes are efficient candidates that can replace the conventional
volatile electrolytes in DSSCs. Further research into this new type of electrolyte could pave ways
to deliver high open-circuit voltage as well as good current density with high stability.
α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Extracts and Compounds from the
Leaves of Ruellia tuberosa L.
Authors: Tuong Vi Le Nguyen , Tuan Nguyen Ngoc , Hung Quach Tong , Trinh Pham Thi Nhat , Danh Tong Thanh , Thao Ly Ngo , Thao Vo Nguyen , Dung Le Tien 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In recent years, the study of the structure and biological activity of medicinal
plants has been particularly important to search for diabetes medicine. Ruellia tuberosa is used
to treat various diseases such as diabetes by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase.

Objective:
In this study, an experiment was designed to isolatedisolate and identifiedidentifyα-glucosidase
inhibitory extracts and compounds from Ruellia tuberosa L. through bio-assay guided isolation.

Method:
Dry powder of Ruellia tuberosa L. was extracted with 70% ethanol, followed by liquidliquid
partition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol, respectively. The extracts were evaluated
withα-glucosidase inhibition. The potential extracts were isolated to identifynew compounds. The
effects of these compounds on the α-glucosidase inhibitory were evaluated.

Results:
The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and the butanol
extract had the α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 of 46.2 ± 0.9, 6.6 ± 2.9 and 8.9 ± 0.9
μg/mL, respectively. From the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts, the structures of four compounds
were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic method, including lupeol (1), syringaresinol (2),
apigenin (3), verbascoside (4). The a-glucosidase inhibitory activities showed that all isolated
compounds were more active than the positive control - acarbose with an IC50 of 37.5 ± 0.4; 19.5 ±
0.2; 20.1 ± 0.3; 69.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
The ethyl acetate extract showed strong activity about 19 times more than the positive
control - acarbose. The compound syringaresinol (2) was the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitor.
Therefore, Ruellia tuberosa L. contains many compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase activity.
Mobile Apps for Older Adults: Systematic Search and Evaluation Within Online Stores
Authors: Portenhauser Alexandra A , Terhorst Yannik , Schultchen Dana , Sander Lasse B , Denkinger Michael D , Stach Michael , Waldherr Natalie , Dallmeier Dhayana , Baumeister Harald , Messner Eva-Maria 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThrough the increasingly aging population, the health care system is confronted with various challenges such as expanding health care costs. To manage these challenges, mobile apps may represent a cost-effective and low-threshold approach to support older adults.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the quality, characteristics, as well as privacy and security measures of mobile apps for older adults in the European commercial app stores.MethodsIn the European Google Play and App Store, a web crawler systematically searched for mobile apps for older adults. The identified mobile apps were evaluated by two independent reviewers using the German version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. A correlation between the user star rating and overall rating was calculated. An exploratory regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the obligation to pay fees predicted overall quality.ResultsIn total, 83 of 1217 identified mobile apps were included in the analysis. Generally, the mobile apps for older adults were of moderate quality (mean 3.22 [SD 0.68]). Four mobile apps (5%) were evidence-based; 49% (41/83) had no security measures. The user star rating correlated significantly positively with the overall rating (r=.30, P=.01). Obligation to pay fees could not predict overall quality.ConclusionsThere is an extensive quality range within mobile apps for older adults, indicating deficits in terms of information quality, data protection, and security precautions, as well as a lack of evidence-based approaches. Central databases are needed to identify high-quality mobile apps.
Kombinasi Alkohol dan Asap Cair Sebagai Alternatif Pengawet Spesimen Cacing Tanah (Pheretima sp.)
Authors: Rahayoe Ani Sri 
Published: February 2021

Pengawetan spesimen merupakan upaya untuk mempertahankan keadaan mahluk hidup sehingga dapat dipergunakan untuk kepentingan pendidikan dan penelitian. Pengawetan spesimen sangat terkait dengan pelaksanaan praktikum sistematika hewan. Asap cair grade-2 tempurung kelapa telah diketahui berpotensi sebagai pengawet yang aman. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh kombinasi alkohol dan asap cair sebagai pengawet spesimen cacing tanah (Pheretima sp.) dan kisaran kombinasi yang baik.Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimen dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Desember 2018. Cacing tanah diberi 11 perlakuan kombinasi alkohol 70% dan asap cair grade-2. Perbandingan alkohol:asap cair dibuat (10:0), (9:1), (8:2), (7:3), (6:4), (5:5), (4:6), (3:7), (2:8), (1:9), dan (0:10) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Cacing diambil di daerah Pringgolayan, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Pengamatan dilakukan 2 minggu sekali, terhadap keadaan specimen (meliputi: warna, keutuhan, dan kekenyalannya) dan larutan (meliputi: warna dan kejernihannya). Hasil penelitian hingga Minggu IV menunjukkan seluruh perlakuan mampu mengawetkan spesimen, keutuhan, dan kekenyalan tetap terjaga. Semakin tinggi kadar asap cair menyebabkan warna yang semakin gelap. Hal ini disebabkan oleh Hb darah spesimen mengikat karbon dalam larutan. Kombinasi perlakuan II (alkohol:asap cair=9:1) hingga perlakuan V (kombinasi alkohol:asap cair=6:4) memberikan hasil kenampakan spesimen yang baik. Kombinasi tersebut tampak lebih baik dari pada perlakuan I (alkohol 70% murni) dan perlakuan XI (asap cair grade-2). Hasil awetan spesimen perlakuan I, warna merah tampak memudar, tubuh lebih lunak, dan beberapa bagian menyusut.
The Effects of Prefilled Tax Returns on Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Doxey Marcus M. , Lawson James G , Stinson Shane R. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This study uses two online experiments to examine the potential consequences of a recent U.S. Senate proposal to prefill federal income tax returns on behalf of individuals. Consistent with omission theory, we find that prefilled returns lower compliance compared to self-completed returns when the prefilled returns do not estimate undocumented income (e.g., cash tips). However, the results show that including estimates of undocumented income increases taxpayer compliance relative to self-completed returns. We also find evidence suggesting that prefilled returns eliminate the often-replicated differences in reporting behavior between taxpayers in refund versus tax due settlement positions, suggesting that prefilled returns change individuals' reference points. These findings suggest the implementation of a prefilled return policy could have economically important effects on taxpayer decisions.
Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Locus Of Control Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Samudra
Authors: Fadilah Fadilah , Mahyuny Siska Rita 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi Locus of control mahasiswa FKIP Matematika Universitas Samudra. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di FKIP Pendidikan matematika. Metode penelitian yang gunakan adalah survey penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pertanyaan terstruktur yang sama pada setiap orang dimana semua jawaban yang diperoleh peneliti dicatat, diolah dengan SPSS 21, dan dianalisis. Jika Seseorang merasakan adanya hubungan yang erat dikatakan Locus of control internal, sementara locus of control eksternal akan beranggapan bahwa akibat yang diterima berasal dari kesempatan, keberuntungan, nasib, atau campur tangan orang lain, juga mempengaruhi motivasi kuliah, reaksi emosional, dan perilaku seseorang dalam berhubungan dengan lingkungannya. Dalam penelitian ini faktor ekternal, variabel yang membentuk faktor ini adalah variabel X13 (mempercayai nasib baik), X11 (faktor teman) X2 (usia dan jenis kelamin) dan X9 (faktor social). Faktor Internal variabel yang membentuk faktor ini adalah X3 (suka bekerja keras), X1 (keluarga) dan X4 (inisiatif tinggi). Sehingga Faktor yang mempengaruhi Locus of control pada mahasiswa pendidikan matematika FKIP Unsam yaitu: faktor internal dan eksternal.