bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kekasaran Permukaan Besi ASTM36 dengan menggunakan Surftest dan Image –J
Authors: Budiana Budiana , Nakul Fitriyanti , Wivanius Nadhrah , Sugandi Budi , Yolanda Rivani 
Published: May 2021

Kekasaran permukaan logam merupakan salah satu parameter yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam penilaian mutu suatu logam. Nilai kekasaran permukaan suatu bahan logam dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan matematik dan pengukuran. Pada penelitian ini, kajian mengenai kekasaran permukaan suatu logam dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengukuran langsung dan menggunakan analisis citra gambar. Adapun teknik pengukuran langsung dilakukan dengan menggunakan Surftest pada 20 titik (5 titik dari diagonal sisi kanan, 5 titik diagonal sisi kiri, 5 titik vertikal dan 5 titik horizontal) sedangkan analisis citra gambar dilakukan dengan menggunakan Image-J pada foto gambar permukaan besi. Berdasarkan metode penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu semakin besar nilai grit abrasive paper yang digunakan pada permukaan besi, maka nilai kekasaran permukaan besi semakin kecil/semakin halus (nilai kekasaran permukaan cenderung menurun). Sedangkan hasil pengolahan citra gambar yang dilakukan dengan Image-J telah berhasil menunjukan surface plot permukaan sampel besi. Selain dari itu, gray value dari citra gambar yang dihasilkan mengalami fluktuasi seiring dengan semakin panjang/besarnya distance (pixels).
PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, INTENSITAS MODAL, DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Jasa Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2014-2018)
Authors: ROMADHINA ANGGUN PUTRI 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membuktikan adanya Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Intensitas Modal, dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Agresivitas Pajak secara parsial dan secara simultan. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah perusahaan jasa dari semua sektor yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2014-2018. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 14 perusahaan yang terdiri dari PT. Bank Negara Indonesia, PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia, PT. Bank Tabungan Negara, PT. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk, PT. Bank Mandiri, PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, PT. Bank Maybank Indonesia, PT. Bank OCBC NISP, PT. Bank Finance Indonesia, PT. Jasa Marga, PT. AKR Corporindo, PT. Total Bangun Persada, PT. Waskita Karya, PT. Wijaya Karya. Metode pemilihan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah regresi linear berganda. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Komisaris Independen berpengaruh signifikan secara positif dan signifikan terhadap tindakan Agresivitas Pajak, Intensitas Modal berpengaruh signifikan secara positif terhadap tindakan Agresivitas Pajak, dan Corporate Social Responsibility tidak berpengaruh terhadap tindakan Agresivitas Pajak. Antara variabel Komisaris Independen, Intensitas Modal dan Corporate Social Responsibility berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap variabel Agresivitas Pajak.
An Integrated Mathematical Model of the Plasma Spraying Process
Authors: Mckelliget J.W. , Trapaga G. , Gutierrez-Miravete E. , Cybulski M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an integrated mathematical model of the atmospheric pressure plasma spray process and presents a comparison between computed results and experimental measurements. The model describes fluid flow and heat transfer in the plasma plume; heating, melting and vaporization of injected powder particles; deposition and freezing of the molten particles; and the transient thermal history of the substrate. The plasma plume calculations are based on the solution of the two-dimensional turbulent equations of motion. A dynamic and thermal balance permits the calculation of the particle temperatures and velocities. The thermal history of the growing coating is calculated under typical cyclic spraying conditions. The computed results are compared against existing experimental data obtained from commercial plasma spraying torches.
Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results Obtained on In-Flight Particles Characteristics
Authors: Planche M.P. , Bolot R. , Landemarre O. , Coddet C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the comparison of experimental and numerical results obtained on iron particles characteristics during plasma spraying. Each part of the spray process (particle injection, behavior of the particle in the plasma jet and coating formation) may be studied using appropriate diagnostic techniques. In the present work, on-line measurements of in-flight particle characteristics were performed using an optical diagnostic technique insuring a real time control of temperature, velocity and diameter of particles during the spray process. Besides, numerical results were obtained considering momentum and thermal exchanges between the plasma jet and particles using an Eulerian-Eulerian model. The evolution of velocity and temperature with the particle size given by in-situ measurements were then correlated to those obtained with the numerical code.
Processing Effects on Splat Formation, Microstructure and Quenching Stress in Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Matejicek J. , Sampath S. , Herman H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plasma sprayed deposits consist of multitude of flattened lamellar particles - 'splats' - which as basic building elements form their structure and determine the deposit properties. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanism of their formation and characteristics is important for understanding the processing property relationships. Although extensive studies have been done on splat formation, there is a lack of correlation to macroscopic deposit properties. Among factors influencing the deposit properties and performance is residual stress, originating from splat quenching and thermal mismatch between the substrate and coating. This phenomenon has been studied mostly on macroscopic level. In the present study, an attempt is made to establish a connection between these two approaches. In the focus of this study is the effect of selected processing variables on splat characteristics, deposit properties and residual stress in a single-splat layer. The processing variables of primary interest were deposition temperature and substrate material. Molybdenum as a representative material of practical interest was used throughout this study. The correlation between stresses and processing conditions is discussed with regards to microstructure and relevant coating properties.
Deposition of Thick Silicon Layers Using a Radio-Frequency Thermal Plasma
Authors: Morvan D. , Krayem F. , Magnaval S. , Miralai S.F. , Amouroux J. , Ballutaud D. , Dresvin S. , Nguen Kuok Shy S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
RF Ar-H2 plasma spraying of metallurgical grade silicon particles (80-125 µm) was used in order to combine the purification and the deposition process of silicon particles with a high deposition rate (300 - 600 µm). The hydrogen and oxygen content of the plasma gas turned out to be of a great importance to purify metallurgical silicon powders. The whole process was investigated through ex-situ characterisation of the deposits and on-line diagnostics of the plasma which results matched quite well with the mathematical modelling. The deposits were characterised using SEM, EDX analysis, SIMS, XPS in order to explain the composition and overall properties of the layers in view of their use in photovoltaic applications. Characterisation of silicon deposits was completed by the hydrogen rate analysis using exodiffusion method. Hydrogen trapping in plasma sprayed deposits was found in order of 1019 at/cm3. The oxygen contained in the original powders (30%) was decreased down to 3 - 5% in the deposits. Finally, the on-line diagnostics of the plasma used was : Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), Laser Doppler Granulometry (LDG) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The mean velocity and surface temperature of particles was found to be in agreement with modelling results.
Properties and Characterization of Thermal Sprayed Coatings and a Review of Recent Research Progress
Authors: Kuroda S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Some of the recent research progress concerning the structure and properties of thermal sprayed coatings are reviewed. Structures of coatings are classified into three classes of hierarchy, i.e., layer structures, inter-splat structures and intra-splat structures. Important progress in the study and coatings development in each class is described. These include coatings developed to take advantage of the microstructure due to rapid solidification, such as amorphous and extension of solid state solubility, and characterization of porosity and how it is affected by process parameters. Then, stress generation during thermal spray is compared between plasma spray and HVOF spray. Particular attention is given to the importance of thermal and mechanical interactions of sprayed particles with the substrate and coating surface, which determine the nature of interlamellar bonding and that of microscopic stress.
Properties and Characterization of Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Reiners G. , Kreye H. , Schwetzke R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During Thermal Spraying material is partially or totally melted in between milliseconds, accelerated to high velocities and propelled onto the surface to be coated. Different temperatures, velocities and cooling times of the particles arise from different spraying techniques and conditions. The microstructure can be widely varied by tuning the spraying parameters. To optimize the coating properties with respect to a specific function one has to know i) the influence of the spraying conditions on the microstructure and ii) the correlation between microstructure and coating properties. Therefore analyzing methods are needed to determine the microstructure and to characterize mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the coatings. The proposed paper summarizes methods to characterize the microstructure including metallographic techniques, electron microscopy and X-ray analysis. Methods to determine the properties of the coatings including various adhesion tests, residual stress measurement, tribological and corrosion tests will be described in more detail. The increasing importance of Quality Management in all industrial sectors call heavily for reliable, destructive and especially non-destructive characterization techniques of coatings. An overview of common characterization techniques as well as new trends will be given. Recent development of International standardized tests will also be reported.
Molecular and Micro Structure of Thermal Sprayed Heat and Corrosion-Resistant Plastic Coatings
Authors: Kawase R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polyphenylene-sulphide (PPS) and polyphenyletheretherketone (PEEK) have high heat and corrosion-resistant performance. Thermal sprayed coatings of PPS and PEEK have been produced by the HVAF spray system. The molecular structures of these coatings have been analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The microstructures of cross-section and surfaces of these coatings have been observed. The formation mechanism of these coatings has been estimated as follows; (1) PPS and PEEK powders are melted and oxidized during thermal spraying. However, the amount of coating oxidation is very small, so that high anti-corrosion performance of sprayed coatings is obtained. (2) These coatings have some pores including the incomplete melting particles. However, it is estimated that these pores are closed-pores.
Electric and Magnetic Properties of Thermal Spray Coatings with an Amorphous Structure
Authors: Borisov Y. , Korzhyk V. , Revo S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Physical properties of coatings based on Fe-B, Fe-Ni-B, Fe-Cr-P-C, Fe-Ni-Si-B, Ni-P, Ni-Nb and Co-Fe-B-Si, deposited by the methods of flame, plasma-arc, and detonation spraying were investigated. The coatings have mostly the amorphous structure with the volume content of the amorphous phase equal to 75-95 %. Values of the distribution and temperature coefficients of electric resistance of the coatings, depending upon a method and conditions of spraying, as well as upon their treatment parameters, were determined. Comparative studies of these coatings and thin amorphous strips produced by the melt spinning method were conducted. The amorphous coatings of ferromagnetic iron and cobalt alloys are shown to be magnetically soft materials and are characterized by a high magnetic induction combined with a high magnetic permeability. As compared with the amorphous strips, Curie temperature of the amorphous ferromagnetic coatings is by 50-140 K higher and their anisotropy of magnetic properties is lower.
Characterization of Structure of Thermally Sprayed Coating
Authors: Li C.J. , He Y. , Ohmori A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The structure of a thermally sprayed coating is generally of lamellar structure. There is generally porosity in the coating. The examination shows that the relationship between properties and porosity for conventionally processed porous materials is difficult to be applied to thermally sprayed coating because of complex pore networks. The lamellar structure of the coating and the bonding at the interfaces between lamellae often determine the properties of coating. It is generally difficult to evaluate quantitatively the structure of a thermally sprayed coating because of complicated pore networks in the coating. With the filling of the material different from the composition of the coating into the pores the structure of the coating including nonbonded interface area and also generally referred pores can be visualized. According to the distribution of filler in the coating the structure of a coating can be quantitatively evaluated using structural parameters such as lamellar thickness, lamellar bonding ratio, the width of interface gap and so on. The structural parameters necessary to describe the lamellar structure of thermal sprayed coatings and a method based on the pore filling and analysis of the distribution of filled materials are proposed.
The Use of the Scanning White Light Interferometry to Determine the Damage Produced in Wear Tests
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , De Paco J.M. , Miguel J.R. , Calero J.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ball-on-disk wear test is widely used in order to determine the sliding wear resistance behaviour of the samples. Although a great number of authors consider the ball-on-disk test to be far from the real situation, the results obtained permit to develop a preliminary idea about the wear behaviour of the tested samples. During the development of the ball-on-disk test a wear track is formed on the test specimen. Scanning white light interferometry can be used to determine the surface damage in the wear track by obtaining images which relate to the surface profile and general morphology. From measurements on interferometric profiles it is possible to determine accurately the track depth and width and hence the volume of the coating removed by wear. It is also possible to determine by optical microscopy the volume of metal lost from the ball. The results obtained have improved the general understanding of the energy absorption during wear and of the observed changes in the coefficient of friction. The results obtained have shown that with the coatings of WC-Co deposited by the HVOF process no volumetric changes occur when using a WC-6%Co sintered ball. Tests on coatings containing TiC or Cr3CZ as the carbide phase or stainless steel coatings show significant losses of material.
Alumina Coatings by Plasma Spraying of Monosize Sapphire Particles
Authors: Erickson L.C. , Troczynski T. , Hawthorne H.M. , Tai H. , Ross D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In an effort to obtain a series of plasma-sprayed coatings of controlled microstructure, three monosized sapphire powders were deposited using an axial injection torch in which the plasma gas composition and nozzle diameter were the only parameters varied. The effect of these parameters on splat morphology, porosity, angular crack distribution, and hardness is reported. Uniform, dense microstructure with a hardness rivaling chromia coatings was achieved through a combination of tightly controlled processing conditions and the use of mono-disperse precursor powders.
A Michelson Type of Shear Interferometer for Non Destructive Inspection of Debondings in Structures
Authors: Monteiro J. , Santos F. , Chousal J. , Vaz M. , Silva Gomes J.F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents some results of an inspection program to detect coating-substract defects using a Michelson type of shear interferometer. Debonding defects are detected by properly loading the surface of the specimen in such a way that the interference fringe pattern is modified, rendering the debond readily visible. Image processing techniques are applied to enhance the detection and better define the debonding geometry. Load conditions, leading to a better detection of debondings, are also discussed. The technique allows to obtain information over a large area of the tested part, with a resolution one hundred of the wavelength of the light being used.
Investigation of Substrate Roughness in Thermal Spraying by a Scale-Sensitive 3-D Fractal Analysis Method
Authors: Siegmann S.D. , Brown C.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For the adhesion of thermally sprayed coatings, the substrate roughness, or topography, plays an important role in droplet-substrate interaction. The lack of availability of methods for appropriate characterization of the real topography is a major difficulty in understanding the role that topography plays during droplet impact, wetting and solidification. The complex nature of the usually chaotic substrate topographies cannot be fully characterized by conventional roughness numbers such as Sa or Ra. In our study a scale-sensitive fractal analysis method is used for describing the morphology of grit blasted surfaces. Area-scale analyses are performed on 3D data sets acquired from different substrate materials, treated by various grit blast parameters. From fractal analysis it is known that the apparent area of a rough surface increases as the scale of observation decreases. The area-scale relations are used on one side to guide experimental design for topographical data acquisition and analysis, and on the other side to understand the influence of the grit blast process on the different kind of substrates. The potential of these scale-sensitive analysis techniques for supporting statistical correlations and clear physical interpretations will be discussed.
In-Service Mechanical Property Degradation of CoCrAlY Coatings in Land-Based Gas Turbine Blades
Authors: Kameda J. , Bloomer T.E. , Sakurai S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes variations in the microstructure/composition and mechanical properties in plasma sprayed CoCrAlY coatings and a modified Rene 80 substrate of gas turbine blades operated for 21000 h under liquefied natural gas fuels. Substantial oxidation/carbonization occurred in near surface coatings of concave blades but not in convex coatings. Aluminum and nickel/titanium rich nitrides formed in concave coatings and substrates adjacent to the interface, respectively. Small punch (SP) specimens were prepared in order that the specimen surface would be located in the near surface and interface regions of the concave and convex coatings. In SP tests, brittle cracks in the near surface and interface coatings of the concave blade initiated at low strains up to 950 °C. The convex coatings had higher ductility than the concave coatings and substrate and showed a rapid increase in the ductility above 800 °C. Thus it is apparent that the oxidation/carbonization and nitridation in the concave coatings produced a significant loss of the ductility. The in-service degradation mechanism of the CoCrAlY coatings is discussed in light of the operating temperature distribution and compared to that of CoNiCrAlY coatings induced by grain boundary sulfidation/oxidation.
Advantages of Induction Heat Treatment in the Application of Self-Fluxing Alloy to Boiler Tubes
Authors: Tomiguchi A. , Sochi Y. , Matsubara Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on two major advantages of induction heating over flame heating in the treatment of coated boiler tubes. In both cases the induction heating process is simple, fast and effective. Firstly, we will show how the use of induction heating results in exceptionally thick and hard coatings with low porosity. Having high corrosion and wear resistant properties, the products can satisfy industry's needs for reliable coatings with a long service life. Next, the study will detail how a pipe with the coating already applied can be simultaneously bent by induction heating while the coating is melted and fused to the pipe. The result is a thicker, more even and reliable coating than that accomplished by the flame sprayed method on a bent pipe. The process is not only less cumbersome, but again provides a superior product for the market.
VPS Coatings Using Nanostructural Iron-Based Alloys
Authors: Brandt O. , Siegmann S.D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thermally sprayed Fe-based coatings can be applied in conditions ranging from almost solid to complete molten droplets. While spraying under atmospheric conditions, the oxygen content in the coating varies depending on the spray parameters and the portion of molten phases in the droplets. Using vacuum-plasma technology, Fe-based alloys can be sprayed with a significant amount of molten phase without oxidation. This capability can also be used for alloying Fe-based sprays with nitrogen as is done during reactive vacuum plasma spraying. Such alloying promotes the formation of dispersed vanadium-nitride which greatly improves corrosion and wear resistance.
Local Laser Treatment of Tribological Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Otmianowski T. , Antoszewski B. , Zorawski W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the article the results of set of experiments concerning the changes in microstructure of plasma sprayed Al2O3, Cr2O3 and W2C coatings of tribological test pieces obtained with use of locally applied laser beam treatment are given and discussed. The improvement of sprayed on coating layer adhesion to the steel base was ascertained and evaluated. The possibilities of the application of the described technology for development and production of slide elements of tribological joints are noticed.
Vacuum Heat Treatment and Low Pressure Carburizing of APS NiCr Coatings
Authors: Gaudin C. , Jacquot P. , Prince P. , Rivolet D. , Duhamel J.P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Duplex processes consist in applying a treatment, like annealing, carburizing, or nitriding for example, to a plasma sprayed coating in order to improve particular physical characteristics of this coating. Trials of vacuum heat treatment or low pressure carburizing have been performed on APS NiCr coatings, previously sprayed on a steel type 16MnCr5. As a result, densification and adherence of the coating on the substrate have been significantly increased. To a lesser extent, the coating hardness has also gone up. The diffusion of chemical elements have been highlighted by X-ray analysis, showing the creation of a physicochemical bonding at the interface zone.