bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of NADP-dependent L-arginine dehydrogenase as a novel amino acid dehydrogenase and its application to an L-arginine assay
Authors: Ohshima Toshihisa , Ohmori Taketo , Tanaka Masaki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The primary aim of this study was the purification and characterization of an NADP-dependent L arginine dehydrogenase (L-ArgDH, EC 1.4.1.25) as a novel amino acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas veronii. We then applied the enzyme to an L-arginine assay. Methods: An L-ArgDH gene from P. veronii JCM11942 was amplified by PCR using primers based on the N and C-terminal sequences inferred from a putative L-ArgDH gene (PverR02_12350) found in the P. veronii genome. The L-ArgDH activity of the product expressed in Escherichia coli was confirmed, after which the enzyme was purified, characterized, and applied to an L-Arg microassay. Results: The P. veroniiJCM11942 gene was expressed in E. coli, and the gene product exhibited strong NADP dependent L-ArgDH activity. The crude enzyme was unstable but was stabilized by the presence of 10% glycerol under neutral pH conditions. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity through a single Ni-chelate affinity chromatography step and consisted of a homodimeric protein with a molecular mass of about 65 kDa. The enzyme selectively catalyzed L-arginine oxidation in the presence of NADP, with maximal activity at pH 9.5. The apparent Km values for L-arginine and NADP were 2.5 and 0.21 mM, respectively. A simple colorimetric microassay for L-arginine was achieved using the enzyme. Conclusions: The L-ArgDH gene from P. veronii JCM 11942 was successively expressed in E. coli. The product exhibited NADP-dependent L-ArgDH dehydrogenase activity, and the enzyme was purified and characterized as a novel amino acid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, a simple colorimetric assay for L-arginine using L-ArgDH was achieved. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
A Tool (SPOLERC) to Guide the Evaluation of Phosphorus Leaching for Agricultural Soil by Using Soil Phosphorus Leaching Change Point in the Lake Xingkai Basin, China
Authors: Xie Zijian , Zhang Fan , Ye Chun , Wang Hao , Wei Weiwei , Li Chunhua , Shi Xiaogang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAs the key factor of soil P leaching risk assessment, soil P leaching change point (CP) has been widely reported. However, there was no report have clearly described the calculation method of soil P leaching CP value and its automation calculation. Additionally, there was no effective risk grading method performed on the classification of soil P leaching evaluation.ResultsThis study has optimized the calculation process of soil P leaching CP value under two different models. Subsequently, based on the Python programming language, a computation tool named SPOLERC (Soil Phosphorus Leaching Risk Calculator) was developed for soil P leaching risk assessment. SPOLERC not only embedded the calculation process of soil P leaching CP value, but also introduced the single factor index (SFI) method to grade the soil P leaching risk level. Considering the relationships between soil Olsen-P and leachable P fitted by using SPOLERC in paddy land soils and arid agricultural land soils in the Lake Xingkai basin, results have shown that there is a good linear fitting relationship between soil Olsen-P and leachable P; and the CP values were 59.63 and 35.35 mg Olsen-P kg-1 in paddy land soils and arid agricultural land soils, respectively. Additionally, 32.7%, 21.8%, and 3.64% of arid agricultural soil samples are at low risk, medium risk, and high risk of P leaching, and 40.6% of paddy land soil samples are at low risk. ConclusionsThe SPOLERC can accurately fit the split-line model relationship between soil Olsen-P and leachable P, and greatly improve the calculating efficiency for soil P leaching CP value. Additionally, the obtained CP value can be used for soil P leaching risk assessment, which can provide support for the quantitative study of soil P leaching loss and the control technology of soil P leaching loss.
Changes of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 and ECV Values in Healthy Adults of Different Gender and Age
Authors: Huang Shumei , Zhang Meng , Yu Kanghui , Ma Xiaofen , Li Chunlong , Lan Zhihong , Feng Yin , Lin Shiqi , Jiang Guihua , Wu Yunfan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe correlation between T1 and ECV value and myocardial fibrosis has been confirmed. In healthy adult, many disease may change T1 and ECV value. The purpose of this reseach is to clarify the T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) value of healthy adults in 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to study the relationship between the values with age and gender.MethodsWe recruited 87 healthy adult subjects (mean age 38 ± 11 years; 61% were females) for cardiac magnetic resonance examination at 3T MRI. The left ventricular function parameters were obtained from functional imaging. T1 mapping was performed using an improved Look-Locker reversal recovery sequence after motion correction. ResultsUnder 3T field strength, T1 value of the myocardium of healthy adults was 1,261 ± 52, and the ECV value was 28.3% ± 2.9%. T1 value and ECV values of female myocardium were higher than those of males (1,274 ± 56 vs. 1,241 ± 40, P = 0.003; 29.6% ± 2.6% vs. 26.2% ± 2.1%, P < 0.001). Only gender (Beta = 0.311, P = 0.003) was independently related to the native T1 mapping of left ventricular myocardium, while gender (Beta = 0.572, P < 0.001) and age (Beta = 0.501, P = 0.003) were related to the ECV value of left ventricular myocardium. T1 value (P = 0.002) and ECV value (P = 0.013) increased significantly from the base to the apex. There were significant differences in the T1 and ECV value between each segment (P < 0.001) in the base of the left ventricle. Significant differences were observed between the middle segments of T1 value (P = 0.001) but not between the middle of the ECV value of each segment (P = 0.068). Lastly, there was no statistical difference between each segment in the apical of the T1 (P = 0.756) and ECV value (P = 0.344).ConclusionsUnder 3T MRI, the T1 value of the myocardium of healthy adults was 1,261 ± 52, and the ECV value was 28.3% ± 2.9%. T1 and ECV values of females were significantly higher than those of males. The ECV values of males increased with age, while T1 value in males and T1 and ECV values in females had no significant relationship with age.
Fine-Tuned Convolutional Neural Network for Different Cardiac View Classification
Authors: P Santosh Kumar B , Haq Mohd Anul , P Sreenivasulu , D Siva , alazzam Malik bader , Alassery Fawaz , Karupusamy Sathishkumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In echocardiography, an electrocardiogram is conventionally utilized in the chronological arrangement of diverse cardiac views for measuring critical measurements. Cardiac view classification plays a significant role in the identification anddiagnosis of cardiac disease. Early detection of cardiac disease can be cured or treated, and medical experts accomplish this. Computational techniques classify the views without any assistance from medical experts. The process of learning and training faces issues in feature selection, training and classification. Considering these drawbacks, an effective rank-based deep convolutional neural network (R-DCNN) for the proficient feature selection and classification of diverse views of ultrasound images (US). Significant features in the US image are retrieved using rank-based feature selectionand used to classify views. R-DCNN attains 96.7% classification accuracy, and classification results are compared with the existing techniques. From the observation of the classification performance, the R-DCNN outperforms the existing state-of-art classification techniques.
Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Denervated Muscular Atrophy by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Liu Yuhang , Zhang Yongming , Liu Bin , Wei Zhijian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Muscle atrophy caused by long-term denervation leads to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in a poor recovery of functional muscles and decreasing quality of life. Increasing differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of denervated muscle atrophy. However, there is still insufficient evidence to explain the role of miRNAs and their target genes in skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, an integrative exploration of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in denervated muscle atrophy is necessary.
Results

A total of 21 (16 upregulated and 5 downregulated) DEMs were screened out in the GSE81914 dataset. Med1 was predicted and verified to be significantly upregulated, which may affect the process of denervated muscle atrophy by regulating mir-146b and mir-1949. 59 target genes were then predicted by submitting candidate DEMs to the miRNet database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that target genes of DEMs were mainly enriched in the apoptotic process and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Through the PPI network construction, key modules and hub genes were obtained and potentially modulated by mir-29b, mir-132, and mir-133a. According to the qRT-PCR results, among the hub genes, Ctgf was significantly increased, which was consistent with the decreased mir-133a in denervated muscle atrophy.
Conclusions

In the study, a potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was firstly constructed in denervated muscle atrophy. Two potential miRNA–mRNA pathways (miR-29b-COL1A1 and mir-133a-Ctgf) may provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of denervated muscle atrophy.
The Promoted Generation of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons from Neural Progenitor Cells on Three-dimensional Graphene foam Scaffold
Authors: Jiang Ziyun , Yang Lingyan , Zhou Linhong , Xiao Miao , Ma Sancheng , Jin Wei , Cheng Guosheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: An early substantial loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is a common property of Alzheimer’s disease and the generation of functional BFCNs is related to learning and memory deficits. As a biocompatible and conductive scaffold for growth of neural stem cells, three-dimensional graphene foam (3D-GF) supports applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although its effects on differentiation have been demonstrated, the effect of 3D-GF scaffold on the generation of BFCNs still remains unknown. Methods: In this study, we used 3D-GF as a culture substrate for neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and demonstrated that this scaffold material promotes the differentiation of BFCNs while maintaining excellent cell viability and proliferation. Results: Immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA revealed that the efficiency of BFCN differentiation on 3D-GF was significantly greater than that on tissue culture polystyrene substrates. Furthermore, a cell adhesion study suggested that 3D-GF scaffold enhances the expression of adhesion proteins including vinculin, integrin and N-cadherin. These findings indicate that 3D-GF scaffold materials are excellent candidates for the differentiation of BFCNs from NPCs. Conclusion: These results suggest new opportunities for the application of 3D-GF scaffold as a neural scaffold for Alzheimer’s disease therapies based on NPCs. Trial registration: Not applicable.
The effects of Steel Plate Shear Wall on Residual Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Frame under Sequence Earthquakes by Incremental Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Rouhi Hamze , Gholhaki Majid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The residual capacity of a damaged structure after the main earthquake is equal to the smallest spectral acceleration of the first mode, which causes local or general failure during the aftershock. In this research, the effect of steel plate shear wall on residual capacity of the reinforced concrete frame under seismic sequence has been investigated. Based on this, four systems of 4, 8, 12, and 24 stories, which represent short, intermediate, tall, are modeled in finite element software and subject to three sets of single and real seismic sequence, taking into account the damage, the effects of mainshock earthquakes have been analyzed under aftershock earthquakes nonlinear increment dynamic analysis (IDA). The analysis showed that in the real seismic sequence, the residual capacity of a reinforced concrete frame with steel plate shear wall in short and intermediate structures on average 3.6 times and tall structures up to 4.25 times compared to the residual capacity of the reinforced concrete frame without steel plate shear wall. Also, in the real seismic sequence, the residual capacity of the structure decreased with increasing the height of short to intermediate structures and intermediate to tall structures, so that this capacity reduction decreased by an average of 70% in reinforced concrete frame with and without steel plate shear wall.
Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture and All-Cause Mortality Risk in Aged Osteoporosis Patients
Authors: Li Xinping , zhang ping , zhu shiwen , Yang Ming-hui , wu xinbao , jiang xieyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction：Clinicians pay attention to the risk factors of all-cause mortality after hip fracture, and expect to make intervention and choice. With the progress of diagnosis and treatment mode and technology, the composition and influence degree of risk factors changed in some extent. Materials and methods：This is a single-center prospective cohort study based on the real world, under the co management of orthopedics and geriatrics, 363 patients aged ≥65 years with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were enrolled and were followed up for 2-3 years; 52 patients were lost to follow up. Age, genders, body mass index (BMI), history of comorbidities, hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD), fracture history, 25(OH)D level, hemoglobin level, anti osteoporosis treatment were risk factors to be tested. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to the analyzed impact of factors on all-cause mortality.Results (1) Most of the dead patients were older, with more complications and without anti osteoporosis medication; gender, pre-fracture history, BMI, total hip BMD, hemoglobin, 25(OH)D had no difference between the dead and the living patients. (2) Elderly patients with Intertrochanteric fracture can benefit from the early treatment of Zoledronic Acid (≤3days). Conclusions: Under the co management of orthopedics and geriatrics, to Chinese patients with Femoral Intertrochanteric fracture, Doctors should pay more attention to their age and chronic diseases, and give anti osteoporosis treatment if allowed.
Integrative analysis of transcriptomic profiles reveals shared gene signatures of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus
Authors: Tyagi Neetu , Gupta Dinesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Autoimmune diseases develop when a person’s immune system starts developing immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or any other cell constituents. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus (SLE) are the two most common systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, sharing various clinical as well as pathological signatures. Although multiple studies have been conducted to date, very little is known about molecular pathogenesis and overlapping molecular signatures of the two diseases. Motivated to explore the common molecular disease features, we conducted a meta-analysis of the publicly available microarray gene expression datasets of RA and SLE.
Methods

Common and unique gene signatures of RA and SLE were identified based on analysis of microarray gene-expression datasets. Hub genes were identified by performing network analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the identified genes. Gene ontology functional enrichment and integrative pathway analysis was also performed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in the diseases.
Results

Intriguingly, out of the identified signature genes, 9 are upregulated and 24 are downregulated. Many of the common gene signatures identified in this study provide clues to the shared pathological mechanisms of RA and SLE. Amongst the identified signatures, MMP8, NFIL3, B4GALT5, HIST1H1C, NMT2, PTGDS and DUSP14, are the robust gene signatures shared by all the RA and SLE datasets. Functional analysis revealed that the common signatures are involved in the pathways such as mTOR signaling pathways, virus infection-related pathways, bone remodeling, activation of matrix metalloproteinase pathway, immune and inflammatory response-related pathways.
Conclusions

The common gene signatures and related pathways identified in this study substantiate the shared pathological mechanism involved in both diseases. Furthermore, our analysis of multi-cohort and multiple microarray datasets allow discovery of novel leads for clinical diagnosis and potential novel drug targets.
DFT insights into the electronic structure, mechanical behaviour, lattice dynamics and defect processes in the first Sc-based MAX phase Sc2SnC
Authors: Hadi M. A. , Christopoulos S.-R. G. , Chroneos A. , Naqib S. H. , Islam A. K.M.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ceramic and metallic properties of the MAX phases make them attractive for numerous technological applications. The very recent experimental synthesis of the first scandium (Sc) based MAX phase Sc2SnC is an important addition to the MAX phase family as it further expands the diversity of physical characteristics of this family. Here we employ density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the structural, electronic, mechanical, lattice dynamical properties of Sc2SnC including defect processes to compare with those of existing M2SnC phases. The calculated structural properties are in good agreement with the experimental values. The new phase Sc2SnC is structurally, mechanically and dynamically stable. Sc2SnC is metallic with a mixture of covalent and ionic character. The covalency of Sc2SnC including M2SnC is mostly controlled by the effective valence. Sc2SnC in M2SnC family ranks second in the scale of deformability, softness and machinability. The elastic anisotropy level in Sc2SnC is moderate compared to the other M2SnC phases. Like other members of the M2SnC family, Sc2SnC has the potential to be etched into 2D MXenes and has the potential to be a thermal barrier coating (TBC) material. The hardness and melting point of Sc2SnC, including M2SnC, follows the trend of bulk modulus.
Red Meat Intake and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Categorical and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen WeiWei , Liu Ke , Su Qing , Sang Xinxian , Hu Yihan , Zhuang Yaxuan , He Zhixing , Huang Lin , Mao Yingying , Ye Ding 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: Findings from previous observational studies on the association between red meat intake and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of red meat intake on the incidence of RA by meta-analysis.Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched for eligible observational studies regarding the association between red meat intake and the risk of RA until June 30, 2021. Risk estimates with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were pooled. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also carried out.Results: A total of eleven studies were selected, involving 4 cohort studies with 5 203 identified cases from 349 776 individuals and 7 case-control studies with 3 762 cases and 6 856 controls. The pooled risk estimate of RA risk was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.77 to 1.15) for ever versus non/occasional red meat intake, while high dose of red meat intake increased the risk of RA (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.50) in the categorical meta-analysis. Dose-response meta-analysis suggested a non-linear dose-response relationship between red meat intake and RA (P=0.028). Red meat intake was found to be a risk factor of RA when the dose ranged from 96 to 166 g/day.Conclusion: High dose of red meat intake could increase the risk of RA. Mechanistic studies are warranted to clarify the aetiologic pathways through which high dose of red meat intake may promote RA.
Kinetic Energy Climatology and Effective Resolution for the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Bolgiani Pedro , Calvo-Sancho Carlos , Díaz-Fernández Javier , Quitián-Hernández Lara , Sastre Mariano , Santos-Muñoz Daniel , Farrán José Ignacio , González-Alemán Juan José , Valero Francisco , Martín María Luisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ERA5 represents the state of the art for atmospheric reanalyses and is widely used in meteorological and climatological research. In this work, this dataset is evaluated using the wind kinetic energy spectrum. Seasonal climatologies are generated for 30º latitudinal bands in the Northern Hemisphere (periodic domain) and over the North Atlantic area (limited-area domain). The spectra are also assessed to determine the effective resolution of the reanalysis. The results present notable differences between the latitudinal domains, indicating that ERA5 is properly capturing the synoptic conditions. The seasonal variability is adequate too, being winter the most energetic, and summer the least energetic season. The limited area domain results introduce a larger energy density and range. Despite the good results for the synoptic scales, the reanalysis' spectra are not able to properly reproduce the dissipation rates at mesoscale. This is a source of uncertainties which needs to be taken into account when using the dataset. Finally, a cyclone tropical transition is presented as a case study. The spectrum generated shows a clear difference in energy density at every wavelength, as expected for a highly-energetic status of the atmosphere.
Dynamical-Statistical Hybrid Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Track Density Over Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhang Daquan , Chen Lijuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Compared with total account of basin-wide tropical cyclones (TC) genesis, the prevailing tracks of TC activity and its potential of landfalling is more important for disaster prevention. Despite its relatively lower predictability, a statistical-dynamical hybrid prediction model was developed based on the knowledge of the physical mechanism between western North Pacific (WNP) TC activity and related large-scale environmental fields from July to September. The leading modes of spatial-temporal variation of WNP TC tracks density its climatological peak season (July to September) was extracted using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition. The interannual variation of leading EOF modes of WNP TC track density was predicted using multiple linear regressions (MLR) method based on predictors selected by correlation analysis of both observational and Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 1.1 (BCC_CSM1.1) hindcast data. The predicted spatial distribution of WNP TC tracks density was obtained through weighted composite of forecasting EOF modes according to its variance explained respectively. Results of one-year-out cross validation indicates that forecast model well captures the interannual variation of WNP TC prevailing moving tracks, especially in South China Sea (SCS) and southeastern quadrant of WNP. The prediction skill enhanced with decreased forecast lead time, with anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of northern SCS and southeast quadrant of WNP reaches 0.6 for the period 1991-2020 with one month forecast lead time. Forecast assessment based on different ENSO phases indicate that source of predictability of WNP TC tracks was mainly originate from ENSO events, especially strong El Niño events.