bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Settlement Achievement
Authors: O’Flynn. Levy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the first of two principal rationales supporting the use of peace referendums, namely settlement achievement. The chapter starts by locating the argument of the book in the public reason tradition, and specifically in the work of John Rawls. The chapter identifies how public values often feature in crucial, if generally under-appreciated, ways in peace agreements—not just as lofty aspirations but as powerful normative constraints on the content of particular constitutional clauses. The chapter then defends the claim that non-elites may be as, or even more, adept than some classes of elites (such as governmental, ethnic, or secessionist leaders) at deliberating about those values. We accept that constitutional settlements often contain a great deal of institutional detail; and we also accept that elites are usually better placed to deliberate about that detail. Yet we explain why the comparative advantage may rest with non-elites when it comes to deliberating about general public values. All of this is contingent on robust deliberative institutional supports being in place, both through the course of the referendum campaign and at the final vote.
Loosening the Need-Concept Tie
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This chapter on E. J. Craig’s genealogy of the concept of knowledge aims to bring out four attractive features of the method. First, by examining its alleged incompatibility with knowledge-first epistemology, it is shown how genealogy allows one to treat as arising separately what in reality has to arise together, so that one can isolate a concept’s practical contribution even when it could not have arisen in isolation. Second, genealogy allows one to consider a concept’s development out of prior forms that more clearly display its relation to human needs even when these prior forms could not have been realized in history, for reasons that the genealogy itself brings out. Third, genealogy reveals practical pressures driving the de-instrumentalization of concepts, the process whereby concepts shed the traces of their origins in the needs of individual concept-users. And finally, the method allows one to assess and reconcile competing accounts of concepts.
Mutuality and Concepts of Responsible Business
Authors: Colin-Jones Alastair , Murthy Sudhir Rama 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 places Economics of Mutuality in the context of a wider set of responsible business concepts, such as stakeholder theory. It considers whether these ideas represent fundamental ‘paradigm’ shifts in business or whether they are essentially modifications of existing theories It concludes that stakeholder theory was a significant shift away from shareholder-centric views of the firm, and, in line with stakeholder theory, Economics of Mutuality places corporate purposes other than shareholder value at the heart of the firm and derives business practices on the basis of that. But it differs from stakeholder theories in emphasizing the importance of relations with stakeholders in delivering corporate purposes not the interests of stakeholders themselves. It also differs from existing models in looking at the boundaries of the firm beyond traditional ownership rights and contractual arrangements. It is therefore a problem-solving view of the firm as against a financially or stakeholder-driven concept that embraces shareholders and stakeholders but does not put corporate purpose at the heart of either of them.
Delivering on Purpose
Authors: Ouarzazi Yassine El 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 describes the process of ecosystem orchestration in more detail. It sets out an eight-step process around: (a) establishing a purpose, (b) designing metrics that measure the purpose, (c) identifying the relevant stakeholders, (d) mapping their objectives, capabilities, relationships, and pain points (i.e. problems), (e) selecting the pain points in the ecosystem that the organization should address, (f) measuring the baseline performance metrics before the intervention, (g) identifying, testing, and implementing the interventions to address the pain points, and (h) measuring the impact of the interventions on purpose and performance. The chapter emphasizes that the process of ecosystem orchestration involves the company placing the interests of the ecosystem and the ecosystem’s purpose against the company’s own self-interest at the centre of its own purpose. In so doing, the company should embrace the creation of mutuality of benefits not for enlightened self-interest but on a commitment to delivering the ecosystem purpose.
Mondragon
Authors: Ellis Justine , Colin-Jones Alastair , Zugasti Ibon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mondragon is a federation of industrial cooperative associations with over 260 companies subsidiaries in thirty-five countries, founded in 1959 in Spain’s Basque Region. Today it employs seventy-five thousand workers producing revenues of approximately $14 billion. Membership of the cooperative gives employees equal rights to vote and ownership; management boards consist of employees from all levels of the organization; the highest managers earn no more than six times the salary of the lowest paid workers; no more than 20 per cent of workers can be temporary contractors; and the general assembly of worker-owners decides how to distribute 70 per cent of profits after tax. An illustration of the effect of the structure came with the collapse of the white-goods manufacturer and one of Mondragon’s largest cooperatives, Fagor. With 1,800 jobs at risk, Mondragon invested in cross-training employees to take on different roles at other cooperatives, transferred capital from stable to vulnerable cooperatives and placed 1,500 people in other cooperatives in the group.
Novo Nordisk
Authors: Jackson Ben , Ouarzazi Yassine El 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Novo Nordisk, the Danish multinational pharmaceutical company, has taken an innovative approach to addressing diabetes around the world in a programme known as ‘Cities Changing Diabetes’. This involves partnering with patients, policymakers, health-care professionals and non-government organizations to find policies based on life-style changes that help people living in urban environments to avoid, manage, and treat the onset of type 2 diabetes. Community engagement with health, health-promoting policies, and health-system strengthening were the types of initiatives that were trialled, and impact measurements were undertaken to evaluate the performance of the programme.
Patent Examination of Artificial Intelligence-related Inventions
Authors: Liu Jianchen , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To date, artificial intelligence (AI) has caused fundamental changes in inventing processes, and many issues are arising therefrom, especially whether and in what way inventions implemented by AI are patent-eligible under the current patent regime. To deal with the issue of patentability, some countries have adjusted their patent regime to AI-related inventions. As a major economy with a world-leading AI industry, China has accumulated abundant experience in examining applications with respect to AI-related inventions. This chapter focuses on China’s experience in the examination of AI-related inventions and its latest regulatory movements in this regard. More specifically, it revolves around China’s practice of modifying its Guidelines for Patent Examination (‘Guidelines’) to clear the way for AI-generated inventions in April 2017, reaching consensus on applying the Patent Law, Implementing Rules of the Patent Law, and the Guidelines to examining the applications of AI-generated inventions, and further revising the Guidelines in December 2019 to make them more suitable for AI-related inventions. This chapter argues that these experiences can be a useful benchmark for other jurisdictions to grant patent rights to AI-related inventions.
Stock Return Extrapolation, Option Prices, and Variance Risk Premium
Authors: Atmaz Adem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a tractable dynamic equilibrium model of stock return extrapolation in the presence of stochastic volatility. In the model, consistent with survey evidence, investors expect future returns to be higher (lower) but also less (more) volatile following positive (negative) stock returns. The biased volatility expectation introduces a new channel through which past returns and investor sentiment affect derivative prices. In particular, through this novel channel, the model reconciles the otherwise puzzling evidence of past returns affecting option prices and the evidence of variance risk premium predicting future stock market returns even after controlling for the realized variance.
Framing disruption: how a regulatory capture frame legitimized the deregulation of Boston’s ride-for-hire industry
Authors: Adler Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The theory of regulatory capture has long been used to make the case for deregulation by questioning the legitimacy of government’s regulatory function. How do government officials, who are tasked with regulating, embrace deregulation? This article explores that question in the context of Boston’s debate over regulating transportation network companies (TNCs). Analyzing media coverage, I identify two types of frames that emerged as stakeholders attempted to influence TNC regulation: issue frames aimed to shape the interpretation of the ride-for-hire industry, while meta-frames shifted the focus of debate from TNCs to regulation itself. Specifically, a meta-frame invoking the theory of regulatory capture became central. Supplementing media coverage with in-depth interviews, I show that government officials did not refute the capture frame but rather used this frame to draw a distinction between legitimate and illegitimate regulation. I propose that these distinctions are central to legitimizing a deregulatory agenda, as officials condemn specific types of regulation in order to shore up the broader category of regulation. The case sheds light on how the idea of government as an impediment to innovation is embraced by government officials themselves, paving the way for new market configurations.
Sensitivity and threshold dynamics ofPinus strobusandQuercusspp. in response to experimental and naturally occurring severe droughts
Authors: Asbjornsen Heidi , McIntire Cameron D , Vadeboncoeur Matthew A , Jennings Katie A , Coble Adam P , Berry Z Carter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased drought frequency and severity are a pervasive global threat, yet the capacity of mesic temperate forests to maintain resilience in response to drought remains poorly understood. We deployed a throughfall removal experiment to simulate a once in a century drought in New Hampshire, USA, which coupled with the region-wide 2016 drought, intensified moisture stress beyond that experienced in the lifetimes of our study trees. To assess the sensitivity and threshold dynamics of two dominant northeastern tree genera (Quercus and Pinus), we monitored sap flux density (Js), leaf water potential and gas exchange, growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) for one pretreatment year (2015) and two treatment years (2016–17). Results showed that Js in pine (Pinus strobus L.) declined abruptly at a soil moisture threshold of 0.15 m3 m−3, whereas oak’s (Quercus rubra L. and Quercus velutina Lam.) threshold was 0.11 m3 m−3—a finding consistent with pine’s more isohydric strategy. Nevertheless, once oaks’ moisture threshold was surpassed, Js declined abruptly, suggesting that while oaks are well adapted to moderate drought, they are highly susceptible to extreme drought. The radial growth reduction in response to the 2016 drought was more than twice as great for pine as for oaks (50 vs 18%, respectively). Despite relatively high precipitation in 2017, the oaks’ growth continued to decline (low recovery), whereas pine showed neutral (treatment) or improved (control) growth. The iWUE increased in 2016 for both treatment and control pines, but only in treatment oaks. Notably, pines exhibited a significant linear relationship between iWUE and precipitation across years, whereas the oaks only showed a response during the driest conditions, further underscoring the different sensitivity thresholds for these species. Our results provide new insights into how interactions between temperate forest tree species’ contrasting physiologies and soil moisture thresholds influence their responses and resilience to extreme drought.
Prevalence of Anxiety in Smoking Cessation: A Worldwide Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Amiri Sohrab 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Smoking cessation can have a significant impact on mental health, so this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety after smoking cessation by a worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
PubMed and Scopus were selected for the study and these were systematically searched until October 2020 based on a syntax of keywords. This search in these 2 databases is limited to English. The event and sample size were used to assess the prevalence of anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety was also assessed based on anxiety disorders and continents. The odds ratio (OR) was used to compare the odd of anxiety in smoking cessation versus nonsmokers and smokers as reference groups based on a random-effects method. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.

Results:
The prevalence of anxiety after smoking cessation is 19% with a confidence interval (CI) of 14%-24%. Among anxiety disorders, it was the highest prevalence for social anxiety with 29% prevalence. The prevalence of anxiety after smoking cessation in America is 15% and in Europe is 29%. Smoking cessation has a higher odd of anxiety than nonsmokers (OR=1.20; CI: 1.12-1.29). Smoking cessation has a lower odd of anxiety than smokers (OR=0.77; CI: 0.66-0.89).

Discussion:
Since smoking cessation is a factor that reduces anxiety, so in studies in this area as well as therapeutic interventions, it is necessary to consider this issue.
A Systematic Review of Nurse-Led Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Intervention Trials: How Nurses Have Advanced the Science
Authors: Lambert Crystal Chapman , Galland Brooke , Enriquez Maithe , Reynolds Nancy R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to achieving viral suppression and improving health and clinical outcomes in persons living with HIV. Despite the effectiveness of ART and many promising evidence-based ART adherence interventions, viral suppression rates continue to be less than optimal. Nurses play pivotal roles in HIV care management, yet their role in the development and delivery of evidence-based adherence interventions has received little attention. Therefore, this review examined the contributions of nurses to ART adherence research and delivery. We found that nurse-led and nurse-facilitated interventions can be effective in fostering ART adherence in persons living with HIV. Considering the role nurses play in HIV care management and the effectiveness of interventions involving nurses, more nurse-led and nurse-facilitated interventions to address ART adherence are indicated. However, there is a need for further research to examine multilevel interventions and comparative cost and effectiveness of nurse-delivered ART interventions with other forms of delivery.
Work From Home During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Galanti Teresa , Guidetti Gloria , Mazzei Elisabetta , Zappalà Salvatore , Toscano Ferdinando 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic made working from home (WFH) the new way of working. This study investigates the impact that family-work conflict, social isolation, distracting environment, job autonomy, and self-leadership have on employees’ productivity, work engagement, and stress experienced when WFH during the pandemic.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected through an online questionnaire completed by 209 employees WFH during the pandemic. The assumptions were tested using hierarchical linear regression.

Results:
Employees’ family-work conflict and social isolation were negatively related, while self-leadership and autonomy were positively related, to WFH productivity and WFH engagement. Family-work conflict and social isolation were negatively related to WFH stress, which was not affected by autonomy and self-leadership.

Conclusion:
Individual- and work-related aspects both hinder and facilitate WFH during the COVID-19 outbreak.
OpenEar Image Data Enables Case Variation in High Fidelity Virtual Reality Ear Surgery
Authors: Sieber Daniel Manuel , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten , Mikkelsen Peter Trier 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Virtual reality (VR) simulation is an established option for temporal bone surgical training. Most VR simulators are based on computed tomography imaging, whereas the Visible Ear Simulator (VES) is based on high-fidelity cryosections of a single temporal bone specimen. Recently published OpenEar datasets combine cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro-slicing to achieve similar model quality. This study explores integration of OpenEar datasets into VES to enable case variation in simulation with implications for patient-specific modeling based on CBCT.

Methods:
The OpenEar dataset consists of segmented, coregistered, multimodal imaging sets of human temporal bones. We derived drillable bone segments from the dataset as well as triangulated surface models of critical structures such as facial nerve or dura. Realistic visualization was achieved using coloring from micro-slicing, custom tinting, and texture maps. Resulting models were validated by clinical experts.

Results:
Six of the eight OpenEar datasets could be integrated in VES complete with instructional guides for various temporal bone surgical procedures. Resulting models were of high quality because of postprocessing steps taken to increase realism including colorization and imaging artifact removal. Bone artifacts were common in CBCT, resulting in dehiscences that most often could not be found in the ground truth micro-slicing data.

Conclusion:
New anatomy models are included in VES version 3.5 freeware and provide case variation for training which could help trainees to learn more quickly and transferably under variable practice conditions. The use of CBCT for VR simulation models without postprocessing results in bone artifacts, which should be considered when using clinical imaging for patient-specific simulation, surgical rehearsal, and planning.
Exploring Popular Social Media Networks for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Goren Idan , Sharvit Gal , Godny Lihi , Fatal Sarine E. , Barkan Revital , Hag Ola , Ollech Jacob E. , Ziv-Baran Tomer , Leshno Moshe , Turner Dan , Dotan Iris , Yanai Henit 
Published: April 2021

Goal:
The aim was to assess topics of interest and concerns among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who are active online.

Background:
Social media (SM) networks are a major communication tool for patients with IBD and health care professionals.

Patients and Methods:
We performed an anonymized investigation of SM networks for IBD patients; I-a thematic analysis of patients’ posts, II-an online survey advertised through Facebook and other popular SM networks throughout November 2019.

Results:
Analyzing 2133 posts (2014 to 2019) revealed 18 topics of interest. The online survey was completed by 534 respondents [63%-Crohn’s disease, 56%-female, median age-38 years (interquartile range: 28.7 to 51.0)]. Most respondents (70%) were followed in referral centers, and 45% were receiving biological therapy. Respondents reported high satisfaction with IBD care and health care provider professionalism. The top 5 topics of interest were diet, lifestyle, complementary and alternative medicine, diagnostic test interpretation, and specialist referrals and reviews. Cluster analysis demonstrated that gender, income, and education level were associated with specific interest and concerns.

Conclusion:
Patients’ activity on SM is independent of their satisfaction with formal IBD care and rather reflects an ongoing need for information and support. These needs may be addressed both in clinical settings and through online tools.
Alcohol and Breast Cancer
Authors: Balaam Sarah , Bailey Tom G. , Anderson Debra , Retell James , McCarthy Alexandra L. 
Published: April 2021

Background
There is evidence that drinking alcohol increases the risk of recurrent breast cancer. It is unclear whether Australian women with breast cancer are aware of this evidence or modify their alcohol intake accordingly.

Objective
This article reports a secondary analysis of data from the Women's Wellness after Cancer Program (WWACP) randomized controlled trial (N = 351). The WWACP aimed to enhance quality of life and reduce chronic disease risk in women previously treated for cancer through lifestyle modification. Here we provide the alcohol-related data from the study's breast cancer participants (n = 269). We analyzed baseline alcohol consumption, the variables associated with alcohol intake, and intervention effect on intake at weeks 12 (end of intervention) and 24 (to determine sustainability).

Interventions/Methods
Measures included the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies, Short Form-36, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Green Climacteric Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results
Most participants practiced safe alcohol consumption. Among drinkers, drinking caffeine, smoking, emotional and physical role limitations, and greater discomfort with vasomotor symptoms were associated with increased intake. Relative to baseline, alcohol consumption decreased from 5.22 g/d to 4.18 g/d in the intervention group, whereas consumption increased among control subjects at 12 weeks. No difference between groups was observed at week 24.

Conclusion
The intervention was associated with less alcohol intake at week 12 among drinkers, but this reduction was not sustained at the 24-week follow-up.

Implications for Practice
Future iterations of the WWACP will emphasize stronger messaging and supports regarding alcohol consumption after breast cancer treatment.
Sustaining a Concept-Based Curriculum
Authors: Solheim Karen , Mittelstadt Karen , Muehrer Rebecca , Pinekenstein Barbara , Willis Danny 
Published: April 2021

Background
Many schools of nursing are transitioning to a concept-based curriculum (CBC) to better prepare students to practice across complex practice settings.

Problem
Current literature focused on transitioning to a CBC lacks discussion on how to sustain a CBC once it is implemented.

Approach
In this article, the authors emphasize the importance of intentionally sustaining a dynamic CBC and provide strategies to accomplish this aspect of the curriculum trajectory.

Conclusion
The authors recommend a multipronged approach to sustainability that takes into account the dynamic nature of curricular change, implementation, and evaluation. Strategies are centered around themes of promoting effective use of a dynamic curricular model, stakeholder engagement, and leadership.