bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Depletion of Amylin/Calcitonin Receptors Improves Memory and Learning in Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models.
Authors: Patel Aarti , Kimura Ryoichi , Fu Wen , Soudy Rania , MacTavish David , Westaway David , Yang Jing , Davey Rachel , Zajac Jeffrey , Jhamandas Jack H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based upon its interactions with amyloid β peptide (Aβ), the amylin receptor, a Class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a potential modulator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, past pharmacological approaches have failed to resolve whether activation or blockade of this receptor would have greater therapeutic benefit. To address this issue, we generated compound mice expressing a human amyloid precursor protein gene with familial AD mutations in combination with deficiency of amylin receptors produced by hemizygosity for the critical calcitonin receptor subunit of this heterodimeric GPCR. These compound transgenic AD mice demonstrated attenuated responses to human amylin- and Aβ-induced depression of hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP) in keeping with the genetic depletion of amylin receptors. Both the LTP responses and spatial memory (as measured with Morris Water Maze) in these mice were improved compared to AD mouse controls and, importantly, a reduction in both the amyloid plaque burden and markers of neuroinflammation was observed. Our data support the notion of further development of antagonists of the amylin receptor as AD-modifying therapies.
The Effect of a Sustainable Technology of Delignification and Tcf Bleaching on Physical Properties of Recovered Cardboard
Authors: Aguilar-Rivera Noe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Old Corrugated Containers (OCC), also known as waste corrugated cardboard, multilayer packaging and wrapping sacks are complex and heterogeneous materials composed of various sources of unbleached cellulose pulp derived from several raw material processes. However, OCC pulp have a high proportion of long fiber because are mainly manufactured from softwood pulp by the kraft process. OCC are the main category of recovered paper; however, due to their high lignin content, hornification and other problems resulting from the pulp to cardboard conversion processes, additives and pollutants, their physical properties decrease with each recycling which justifies evaluating various treatments with existing technologies to improve it. The objective of this work was to obtain improved unbleached and bleached old corrugated container (OCC) pulp more ecologically justifiable than wood for higher grade papers using sustainable processes evaluated in pilot scale tests OCC were collected from a landfill, cleaned, repulped, and treated with extended delignification with the alkaline soda process, obtaining a pulp with significant physical-mechanical improvements in relation to the original material, such as tensile strength, tearing resistance, bursting strength and folding endurance. The OCC soda pulp was bleached by a sequence totally free of chlorinated compounds (TCF), obtaining bleached pulp with optical and mechanical properties comparable to virgin pulps of annual plants such as bagasse but with improved drainage properties and lower processing costs. According to their properties, it is a competitive pulp obtained with existing technologies, available for use in various grades of printing and writing paper replacing totally or partially bleached wood pulp.
Evaluation of Real Brain Activity Using an Ultracompact Brain Activity Sensor for the Assessment of Cognitive Function
Authors: Yasumitsu Tatsuo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study purpose aims to improve cognitive function at the preclinical stage of dementia and measure real-time brain activity levels in participants wearing an ultracompact brain activity sensor called XB-01. Methods: Four healthy people (two males and two females) aged 20–50 years involved in the dementia prevention program participated in the study. During the experiment, the participants wore XB-01, which was connected to their iPhone by Bluetooth to collect data. XB-01 data indicating the brain activity (blood flow) during the program was demonstrated by real-time color changes on the connected iPhone to evaluate the results on a 100-point scale. We examined 21 programs in total, including those reported to increase brain activity. Results: We conducted an analysis of variance for each of the four programs in the upper and lower positions detected to compare brain activity, resulting in finding a main effect of the program, F(7,21) = 4.35, p <.05. Conclusions: An exercise program including a dual-task with large limb movements was highly effective in increasing brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, slightly higher speed, pace, and difficulty level of the program most suitable for participants were more effective. Brain activity increased in the DLPFC during the program and several minutes after its completion. These findings can help develop programs that prevent and improve cognitive function.Trial Registration: The research ethics committee at PCY, Ltd. Trial Registry, approval number 20-2. Registered 04 January 2020. Retrospectively registered.
Breastfeeding Media Coverage and Beliefs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico: Implications for Breastfeeding Equity.
Authors: Vilar-Compte Mireya , Gaitán-Rossi Pablo , Rhodes Elizabeth C. , Cruz-Villaba Valeria , Pérez-Escamilla R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding offers short- and long- term health benefits to mothers and children and constitutes a priority for public health. Evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 is not likely to be transmitted via breastmilk. Moreover, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are presumably contained in breastmilk of mothers with history of COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Direct breastfeeding is the preferred infant feeding option during the pandemic, but conflicting practices have been adopted, which could widen existing disparities in breastfeeding. This study aims to describe how was information about breastfeeding communicated in Mexican media during the pandemic and assess Mexican adults’ beliefs regarding breastfeeding among mothers infected with COVID-19.Methods: A retrospective content analysis of media coverage on breastfeeding in Mexico between March 1 and September 24, 2020, excluding advertisements, was done. For the content analysis, both a sentiment analysis and an analysis based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for breastfeeding promotion were performed. Also, we incorporated a descriptive analysis from the July 2020 wave of the ENCOVID-19 survey, which included questions on beliefs about breastfeeding. This information was stratified by gender, age, and socioeconomic status.Results: 1014 publications on breastfeeding were identified in internet, newspapers, TV, and magazines. Most information was published during World Breastfeeding Week, celebrated in August. Based on the sentiment analysis, 57.2% of all information was classified as positive, and based on the SWOT analysis, most information was classified either as strengths or opportunities for breastfeeding promotion. However, the ENCOVID-19 data showed that 67.3% of people living in households with children under 3 years of age believe that mothers with COVID-19 should not breastfeed, and 19.8% stated that they simply didn’t know. These beliefs showed differences both by gender and by socioeconomic status.Conclusions: While the Mexican government endorsed the recommendations on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, communication of those messages was sporadic, inconstant and unequal across types of media. Moreover, there were also negative messages for breastfeeding circulating on the media. There continues to be a widespread notion that mothers with COVID-19 should not breastfeed and, due to differences on beliefs by socioeconomic status, health inequities could be exacerbated.
Synbiotic (Lactobacillus Pentosus GSSK2 And Isomalto-Oligosaccharides) Supplementation Modulates Pathophysiology And Gut Dysbiosis In Experimental Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Khanna Sakshi , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran , Bishnoi Mahendra , Shukla Geeta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome a lifestyle disease, where diet and gut microbiota play a prodigious role in its initiation and progression. Prophylactic bio-interventions employing probiotics and prebiotics offer an alternate nutritional approach towards attenuating its progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of a novel synbiotic (L. pentosus GSSK2 + isomalto- oligosaccharides) in comparison to orlistat in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. It was observed that supplementation of synbiotic for 12 weeks to Sprague Dawley rats fed with high fat diet, ameliorated the anthropometric parameters i.e. weight gain, abdominal circumference, Lee’s index, BMI and visceral fat deposition along with significantly increased fecal Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio, elevated population of Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia spp. and decreased Enterobacteriaceae compared with HFD animals. Additionally, synbiotic administration to HFD animals exhibited improved glucose clearance, lipid biomarkers, alleviated oxidative stress, prevented leaky gut phenotype, reduced serum lipopolysaccharides and modulated the inflammatory, lipid and glucose metabolism genes along with restored histomorphology of adipose tissue, colon and liver compared with HFD animals. Taken together, the study highlights the protective potential of synbiotic in comparison with its individual components in ameliorating HFD-induced metabolic complications.
Deprescribing To Reduce Polypharmacy: Study Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing Deprescribing of Anticholinergic and Sedative Drugs In A Cohort of Frail Older People Living In The Community
Authors: Bergler Ulrich , Ailabouni Nagham , Pickering John W. , Hilmer Sarah , Mangin Dee , Nishtala Prasad , Jamieson Hamish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Targeted deprescribing of anticholinergic and sedative medications in older people can improve their health outcomes. This trial will determine if pharmacist-led reviews lead to general practitioners deprescribing anticholinergic and sedative medications in older people living in the community. Methods and analysis: The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) checklist was used to develop and report the protocol. The trial will involve three groups of older adults stratified by frailty (low, medium, and high). This will be a pragmatic two-arm randomised controlled trial to test general practitioner uptake of pharmacist recommendations to deprescribe anticholinergic and sedative medications that are causing adverse side effects in patients.Study population: Community dwelling frail adults, 65 years or older, living in the Canterbury region of New Zealand, seeking publicly funded home support services or admission to aged residential care and taking at least one anticholinergic or sedative medication regularly.Intervention: New Zealand registered pharmacists using peer-reviewed deprescribing guidelines will visit participants at home in the community, review their medications, and recommend to general practitioners’ anticholinergic and sedative medications that could be deprescribed. Total use of anticholinergic and sedative medications will be quantified using the Drug Burden index (DBI).Outcomes: The primary outcome will be the change in total DBI between baseline and six-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes will include entry into aged residential care, prolonged hospitalisation, and death.Data collection points: Data will be collected at the time of interRAI assessments (T0), at the time of the baseline review (T1), at 6 months following the baseline review (T2), and at the end of the study period, or end of study participation for participants admitted into aged residential care, or who died (T3).Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from the Human, Disability and Ethics Committee. Ethical number (17CEN265).Trial registration: The trial was registered on 2 May 2018 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000729224 (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374924)
Findings from Precision Oncology in the Clinic: Rare, Novel Variants are a Significant Contributor to Scaling Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Doig Kenneth Douglas , Love Christopher G. , Conway Thomas , Seleznev Andrei , Ma David , Fellowes Andrew , Blombery Piers , Fox Stephen B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Next generation sequencing for oncology patient management is now routine in clinical pathology laboratories. Although wet lab, sequencing and pipeline tasks are largely automated, the analysis of variants for clinical reporting remains largely a manual task. The increasing volume of sequencing data and the limited availability of genetic experts to analyse and report on variants in the data is a key scalability limit for molecular diagnostics.Method: To determine the impact and size of the issue, we examined the longitudinally compiled genetic variants from 48,036 cancer patients over a six year period in a large cancer hospital from ten targeted cancer panel tests in germline, solid tumour and haematology contexts using hybridization capture and amplicon assays. This testing generated 24,168,398 sequenced variants of which 23,255 (8,214 unique) were clinically reported. Results: Of the reported variants, 17,240 (74.1%) were identified in more than one assay which allowed curated variant data to be reused in later reports. The remainder, 6,015 (25.9%) were not subsequently seen in later assays and did not provide any reuse benefit. The number of new variants requiring curation has significantly increased over time from 1.72 to 3.73 variants per sample (292 curated variants per month). Analysis of the 23,255 variants reported, showed 28.6%(n=2,356) were not present in common public variant resources and therefore required de novo curation. These in-house only variants were enriched for indels, tumour suppressor genes and from solid tumour assays.Conclusion: This analysis highlights the significant percentage of variants not present within common public variant resources and the level of non-recurrent variants that consequently require greater curation effort. Many of these variants are unique to a single patient and unlikely to appear in other patients reflecting the personalised nature of cancer genomics. This study depicts the real-world situation for pathology laboratories faced with curating increasing numbers low-recurrence variants while needing to expedite the process of manual variant curation. In the absence of suitably accurate automated methods, new approaches are needed to scale oncology diagnostics for future genetic testing volumes.
HBV Genome-Enriched Single Cell Sequencing Revealed Heterogeneity in HBV-Driven HCC
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Chen Yan , Wu Liang , Zhang Yi , Yoo Seungyeul , Chen Quan , Liu Shiping , Hou Yong , Chen Xiao-ping , Chen Qian , Zhu Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: HBV-HCC is heterogeneous and frequently contains multifocal tumors. To interrogate heterogeneity of HBV-HCC, we developed a HBV genome enriched single cell sequencing (HGE-scSeq) procedure and a computational method to identify HBV integration sites and infer DNA copy number variations (CNVs). Results: We performed HGE-scSeq on 269 cells from 4 tumor sites and 2 tumor thrombi of a HBV-HCC patient. HBV integrations were identified in 142 out of 269 (53%) cells sequenced, and were enriched in two HBV integration hot spots chr1:34,397,059 (CSMD2) and chr8:118,557,327 (MED30/EXT1). There were also 162 rare integration sites. HBV integration sites were enriched in DNA fragile sites and sequences around HBV integration sites were enriched for microhomologous sequences between human and HBV genomes. Cells were grouped into 4 clonal groups based on CNVs. The HBV integration heterogeneity was associated with single cell’s CNVs. All of 269 cells carried chromosome 1q amplification, a recurrent feature of HCC tumors, suggesting that 1q amplification occurred before HBV integration events in this case study. Further, we performed simulation studies to demonstrate that the sequential events (HBV infecting transformed cells) could result in the observed phenotype with biologically reasonable parameters. Conclusion: Our HGE-scSeq data reveals high heterogeneity of HCC tumor cells in terms of both HBV integrations and CNVs.
Study of Awareness Regarding Covid-19 Vaccines Among General Population
Authors: Patel Vishani , Patel Krishani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-Cov-2. COVID-19 Vaccines are developed to provide immunity against covid-19 and first mass vaccination started in early December 2020.METHOD:This survey aims to provide knowledge of different types of vaccines, benefits, mechanisms, efficacy and concerns about people regarding vaccination.230 people participated from different countries like INDIA, USA, CANADA, AUSTRALIA, KENYA and LONDON. It was conducted from 28 march 2021 to 8 April 2021. The randomized study was done and people from above countries who agreed to participate were included.There were 128 female and 102 male.CONCLUSION:From above survey, we conclude that:55.7% of people are vaccinated and 44.3% of people are still not vaccinated.Out of the above 44.3% of people who are not vaccinated, 32.6% of people want to be vaccinated as soon as possible. Most of the people think that vaccines should be made compulsory and more awareness related to vaccines is required.
Sox2 induces GBM cell stemness and tumor propagation by repressing TET2 and deregulating 5hmC and 5mC DNA modifications
Authors: Lopez-Bertoni Hernando , Johnson Amanda , Rui Yuan , Lal Bachchu , Coulter Johnathan , Lugo-Fagundo Maria , Sudhir Sweta , Khela Harmon , Caputo Christopher , Green Jordan , Laterra John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
DNA methylation is a reversible process catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes (TET1, TET2, TET3) that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Altered patterns of 5hmC and 5mC are widely reported in human cancers and loss of 5hmC correlates with poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms leading to 5hmC loss and its role in oncogenesis will advance the development of epigenetic-based therapeutics. We show that TET2 loss associates with GBM stem cells and correlates with poor survival of GBM patients. We further identify a SOX2:miR-10b-5p:TET2 axis that represses TET2 expression, represses 5hmC, increases 5mC levels and induces GBM cell stemness and tumor-propagating potential. In vivo delivery of a miR-10b-5p inhibitor that normalizes TET2 expression and 5hmC levels inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival of animals bearing pre-established orthotopic GBM xenografts. These findings highlight the importance of TET2 and 5hmC loss in Sox2-driven oncogenesis and their potential for therapeutic targeting.
Variability of naturally occurring fluoride in diverse community drinking-water sources, Tanna Island, Vanuatu
Authors: Webb Elizabeth , Stewart Carol , Sami Erie , Kelsey Samuel , Fairbairn Dunlop Peggy , Dennison Elaine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Large variations in fluoride concentrations exist in natural waters, many of which are the source of community drinking-water supplies. Determining fluoride concentrations in community drinking waters can be challenging in developing Pacific countries such as Vanuatu that have limited laboratory capacity. Knowledge of naturally elevated fluoride concentrations that cause irreversible, adverse health outcomes may allow communities the opportunity to treat and manage their drinking-water supplies. Community drinking-water samples (n = 69), sourced from groundwaters, roof catchment rainwaters, surface waters and springs, were sampled on Tanna Island, Vanuatu between 2017 and 2020. In an 18 km2 area of Western Tanna, a set of 30 groundwater-based drinking-water samples had a median fluoride concentration of 3.3 mg/L, with 20 samples &gt;1.5 mg/L and seven samples &gt;4.0 mg/L. These concentrations increase the risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. Repeat resampling at five sites showed little variation over the sampling period. Rainwater-fed drinking-water supplies were lower overall and highly variable in fluoride concentrations (&lt;0.05–4.0 mg/L, median of 0.53 mg/L), with variable inputs from volcanic emissions from Yasur volcano. We recommend a comprehensive oral health and bone health study for the whole island to determine adverse health effects of excess fluoride in this vulnerable population.
Fe-based layered double hydroxides for removing arsenic from water: sorption–desorption–regeneration
Authors: Türk Tuğba , Boyraz Taha , Alp İbrahim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the presence of arsenic in the waters of the world causes serious health effects on people, it is very important to remove it. Layered double hydroxides have a high surface area and high anion exchange capacity, and because of this feature, it is a potential adsorbent to remove arsenic. For regeneration and reuse of adsorbents, researchers in some limited studies have used agents such as acids and alkalis. Media replacement accounts for approximately 80% of the total operational and maintenance costs. In this paper, an adsorption/desorption/regeneration study was carried out with MgFeHT to determine the desorption properties of the adsorbent and to examine its reusability. The best alkaline desorption solution was determined from two different alkaline solutions: NaOH and KH2PO4. As(V) adsorption capacity of the MgFeHT at different pH (3–12) using the arsenic aqueous solution (with 2,000 μg As(V)/L) was evaluated. For the adsorption process, the experimental data are fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. Moreover, the concentration of 2,000 μg/L arsenic was reduced to below the legal limit determined by the WHO (&lt;10 μg/L). The regeneration studies were conducted on the adsorptive media used in the arsenic removal system. The regeneration efficiency of As(V) was maintained 98.5% for four regeneration cycles using 0.5 M NaOH. MgFeHT was successfully regenerated with an aqueous solution of NaOH and was reused with a small loss of sorption efficiency.