bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of genetic structure of the common stream fish, Neolissochilus soroides (Pisces: Cyprinidae), addresses the importance of protected areas in eastern Thailand
Authors: Khudamrongsawat Jenjit , Kettratad Jes , Intasorn Pituk , Pinyo Nipon , Tapcheewin Sornpasok , Wanusrut Ponchai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe well‐known presence of mahseers, Neolissochilus soroides (Cyprinidae), in forested streams in eastern Thailand has attracted many visitors to protected areas for several decades. Because of its historical high abundance, this species was never considered of conservation concern. In this study, the authors revealed that mahseers are very limited to upstream areas in mountains facing the Gulf of Thailand and are now solely confined to habitats within protected areas. The fish were sampled below seven waterfalls in four national parks. All individuals were analysed using a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and eight nuclear microsatellite DNA loci to uncover spatial genetic patterns. Cytochrome b data showed very low genetic diversity but indicated strong genetic differentiation between the most distant Klong Kaeo (KK) population and the other populations. The more variable microsatellite DNA markers showed moderate level of genetic diversity compared to other mahseers but revealed limited gene flow among all locations (overall FST = 0.25, P < 0.05). In addition, significant correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances (P < 0.05). Genetic bottleneck analyses provided an insight into evolutionary history in N. soroides that may have experienced past reduction in population size. As eastern Thailand is a relatively heavily populated region, habitat modification in lowland areas is inevitable, and it will have consequences for species that prefer fast‐flowing and clear water. Protected areas therefore provide valuable sanctuaries for N. soroides in headwater streams.
Advancing care for acute gastrointestinal bleeding using artificial intelligence
Authors: Shung Dennis L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe future of gastrointestinal bleeding will include the integration of machine learning algorithms to enhance clinician risk assessment and decision making. Machine learning algorithms have shown promise in outperforming existing clinical risk scores for both upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding but have not been validated in any prospective clinical trials. The adoption of electronic health records provides an exciting opportunity to deploy risk prediction tools in real time and also to expand the data available to train predictive models. Machine learning algorithms can be used to identify patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding using data extracted from the electronic health record. This can lead to an automated process to find patients with symptoms of acute gastrointestinal bleeding so that risk prediction tools can be then triggered to consistently provide decision support to the physician. Neural network models can be used to provide continuous risk predictions for patients who are at higher risk, which can be used to guide triage of patients to appropriate levels of care. Finally, the future will likely include neural network‐based analysis of endoscopic stigmata of bleeding to help guide best practices for hemostasis during the endoscopic procedure. Machine learning will enhance the delivery of care at every level for patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding through identifying very low risk patients for outpatient management, triaging high risk patients for higher levels of care, and guiding optimal intervention during endoscopy.
LncRNA MIR22HG is downregulated in adenomyosis and upregulates miR‐2861 through demethylation to inhibit endometrial cell proliferation
Authors: Yu Ke , Cui Shuna , Xue Tongmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimEndometrial cell proliferation plays a critical role in adenomyosis. It has been reported that MIR22HG and miR‐2861 play similar roles in regulating endometrial cell proliferation, indicating their involvement in adenomyosis. This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of MIR22HG and miR‐2861 in adenomyosis.MethodsEndometrial biopsy was collected from both adenomyosis (n = 45) and the healthy controls (n = 45). The expression of MIR22HG and miR‐2861 in biopsies were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The relationship between MIR22HG and miR‐2861 in endometrial cells was analyzed by RT‐qPCR. Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) was performed to analyze the effects of overexpression of MIR22HG on the expression of miR‐2861. Western‐blot assays were performed to illustrate the effect of MIR22HG, miR‐2861, STAT3, and MMP2 on adenomyosis. Luciferase report assay was performed to analyze the interactions among miR‐2861, STAT3, and MMP2. The role of MIR22HG and miR‐2861 in regulating the proliferation of endometrial cells was analyzed by cell proliferation assay.ResultsThe expression of MIR22HG and miR‐2861 in adenomyosis did not change with menstrual cycle. MIR22HG and miR‐2861 were significantly downregulated in adenomyosis and they were significantly and positively correlated with each other. In endometrial cells, overexpression of MIR22HG upregulated the expression of miR‐2861 and decreased methylation of miR‐2861 gene. MIR22HG and miR‐2861 downregulated STAT3 and MMP2 to inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cells. In addition, overexpression of both MIR22HG and miR‐2861 showed stronger effects.ConclusionMIR22HG is downregulated in adenomyosis and upregulates miR‐2861 through demethylation to inhibit endometrial cell proliferation.
Effects of coated hatching eggs obtained from old broiler breeders with chitosan on embryonic growth, hatching results and chick quality
Authors: Varol Avcılar Özlem , Onbaşılar Esin Ebru , Kocakaya Afşin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the effects of coating broiler hatching eggs with chitosan on egg quality, embryonic growth, hatching results and chick quality. Eggs obtained from old broiler breeder, aged 59 weeks, were used. Eggs were divided into two groups (coated with chitosan and uncoated) groups. Each group was divided into three groups according to the storage period. Eggs were stored for periods of 1, 4 and 7 days at 15°C and 80% humidity. Then, they were incubated. Storage period of eggs up to 7 days did not affect the egg quality, egg weight loss, embryo growth, chick properties and hatchability of fertile eggs. However, embryo development, relative residual yolk sac weight and relative chick weight were affected by coating eggs with chitosan. Interaction was not found between storage lengths and coating of eggs with chitosan for all examined parameters. The results of the present study suggested that hatching eggs obtained from old broiler breeder flocks were immersed into chitosan solution once and quickly have negative effect on the embryo weight, yolk sac absorption and relative chick weight. It has been observed that covering the hatching eggs with chitosan is not suitable in this respect even if immersion takes place once and in a short time.
Cardiac extracellular volume fraction in cats with preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fries Ryan C. , Kadotani Saki , Keating Stephanie C. J. , Stack Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) allows for detection of fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by quantification of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo quantify native T1 mapping and ECV in cats. We hypothesize that native T1 mapping and ECV will be significantly increased in HCM cats compared with healthy cats.AnimalsSeventeen healthy and 12 preclinical HCM, age‐matched, client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective observational study. Tests performed included indirect blood pressure, CBC, biochemical analysis including total thyroid, urinalysis, transthoracic echocardiogram, and CMR. Cats were considered healthy if all tests were within normal limits and a diagnosis of HCM was determined by the presence of left ventricular concentric hypertrophy ≥6 mm on echocardiography.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in LV mass (healthy = 5.87 g, HCM = 10.3 g, P < .0001), native T1 mapping (healthy = 1122 ms, HCM = 1209 ms, P = .004), and ECV (healthy = 26.0%, HCM = 32.6%, P < .0001). Variables of diastolic function including deceleration time of early diastolic transmitral flow (DTE), ratio between peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow and peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow (E : A), and peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow (A wave) were significantly correlated with ECV (DTE; r = 0.73 P = .007, E : A; r = −0.75 P = .004, A wave; r = 0.76 P = .004).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceQuantitative assessment of cardiac ECV is feasible and can provide additional information not available using echocardiography.
Genomic population structure of sympatric sexual and asexual populations in a parasitic wasp, Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), inferred from six hundred single‐nucleotide polymorphism loci
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Gau Jin‐Je , Fujie Shunpei , Fukano Kenya , Maeto Kaoru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn spite of the two‐fold reproductive advantage, asexual reproduction is not common in nature, probably due to the associated genetic deterioration or reduced genetic variation. To understand how genetic diversity is maintained in existing asexual populations, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of sympatric sexual and asexual populations of a parasitic wasp, Meteorus pulchricornis, using 614 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. The genetic structures of the apomictic asexual populations were distinct, showing considerable genetic differentiation among them. Most of the asexual populations were highly differentiated from the sympatric sexual population; some asexual individuals could not be distinguished from members of the sexual population. Furthermore, significantly fewer multilocus genotypes were identified in the asexual populations (1–7) compared to the sexual population (42), which is consistent with their apomictic nature. The observed patterns of fixed heterozygous sites suggest that most asexual populations had the same evolutionary origin and have long since evolved individually; the detected gene flow between the sexual population and a few asexual population may indicate independent origins of asexuality. The potential role of occasional males in apomictic wasps is also discussed.
Exploring Evolving Motivation to Learn Two Languages Simultaneously in a Study‐Abroad Context
Authors: FUKUI HARUNA , YASHIMA TOMOKO 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies focused on motivation to learn languages other than English or more than 1 language simultaneously have been gaining attention in recent years. However, there are far fewer than those related to second language (L2) English learning. To fill this gap, this article explores the evolving motivation of 2 Japanese students who spent 1 academic year learning both English and Chinese on a study‐abroad program in Taiwan. The data consist of semistructured interviews conducted before and during the program along with motivation graphs drawn by the students. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and categorized. The L2 motivational self system and the concept of the ideal multilingual self are used as frameworks to capture the complex experience of learning multiple languages simultaneously. To capture the dynamic and complex nature of motivation, this article also applies three different timescales (microgenetic, mesogenetic, and ontogenetic) to analyze learners’ experiences. The results show how ideal and ought‐to second‐ and third‐language selves emerged along with an ideal multilingual self in 1 of the students while abroad. The interviews also revealed multiple learning experiences and struggles in maintaining balance, with both languages competing for limited cognitive resources and study time.
Writing activities and the hidden curriculum in nursing education
Authors: Mitchell Kim M. , McMillan Diana E. , Lobchuk Michelle M. , Nickel Nathan C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNursing programs are complex systems that articulate values of relationality and holism, while developing curriculums that privilege metric‐driven competency‐based pedagogies. This study used an interpretive approach to analyze interviews from 20 nursing students at two Canadian Baccalaureate programs to understand how nursing's educational context, including its hidden curriculums, impacted student writing activities. We viewed this qualitative data through the lens of activity theory. Students spoke about navigating a rigid writing context. This resulted in a hyper‐focus on “figuring out” the teacher with minimal focus on the act of writing. Students used a form of behavioral “code‐switching” to maximize their grade while considering how their “valuing” of the assignment fit within their writing motives. Hidden curriculum messages taught students that academic success was assured whether their writing mirrored instructor preferences. Instructional practices of rigidity reinforced unequal social conditions for some minority students. Faculty can counteract the impact of the hidden curriculum through encouragement of choice and independent thinking about writing activities. Acknowledging power relationships and their influence on how students navigate writing assignments and nursing discourse may relieve pressures on students who fear penalties for countering norms and result in a more flexible learning environment.
Some Unpleasant Consequences of Testing at Length*
Authors: Brunello Giorgio , Crema Angela , Rocco Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that, when performance on a math test depends on students’ endurance, longer tests do not necessarily provide a more accurate measure of students’ competencies or a higher correlation between the ranking of classes (or schools) based on test performance and the ranking based on the underlying competencies. We revisit the finding that female teenagers are better able to sustain performance during a math test by considering younger pupils, who were tested in Italian primary schools during their second and fifth grade. We find evidence of a gender gap in the ability to sustain performance only in the higher grade, suggesting that this gap develops during primary school.
Editorial overview: Analytic and methodological innovations for suicide‐focused research
Authors: Bauer Brian W. , Law Keyne C. , Rogers Megan L. , Capron Daniel W. , Bryan Craig J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis editorial overview provides an introduction to the Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behaviors Special Issue: “Analytic and Methodological Innovations for Suicide‐Focused Research.” We outline several challenges faced by modern suicidologists, such as the need to integrate different analytical and methodological techniques from other fields with the unique data problems in suicide research. Therefore, the overall aim of this issue was to provide up‐to‐date methodological and analytical guidelines, recommendations, and considerations when conducting suicide‐focused research. The articles herein present this information in an accessible way for researchers/clinicians and do not require a comprehensive background in quantitative methods. We introduce the topics covered in this special issue, which include how to conduct power analyses using simulations, work with large data sets, use experimental therapeutics, and choose covariates, as well as open science considerations, decision‐making models, ordinal regression, machine learning, network analysis, and measurement considerations. Many of the topics covered in this issue provide step‐by‐step walkthroughs using worked examples with the accompanied code in free statistical programs (i.e., R). It is our hope that these articles provide suicidologists with valuable information and strategies that can help overcome some of the past limitations of suicide research, and improve the methodological rigor of our field.
Using categorical data analyses in suicide research: Considering clinical utility and practicality
Authors: Mitchell Sean M. , Cero Ian , Littlefield Andrew K. , Brown Sarah L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCategorical data analysis is relevant to suicide risk and prevention research that focuses on discrete outcomes (e.g., suicide attempt status). Unfortunately, results from these analyses are often misinterpreted and not presented in a clinically tangible manner. We aimed to address these issues and highlight the relevance and utility of categorical methods in suicide research and clinical assessment. Additionally, we introduce relevant basic machine learning methods concepts and address the distinct utility of the current methods.MethodWe review relevant background concepts and pertinent issues with references to helpful resources. We also provide non‐technical descriptions and tutorials of how to convey categorical statistical results (logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves, area under the curve [AUC] statistics, clinical cutoff scores) for clinical context and more intuitive use.ResultsWe provide comprehensive examples, using simulated data, and interpret results. We also note important considerations for conducting and interpreting these analyses. We provide a walk‐through demonstrating how to convert logistic regression estimates into predicted probability values, which is accompanied by Appendices demonstrating how to produce publication‐ready figures in R and Microsoft Excel.ConclusionImproving the translation of statistical estimates to practical, clinically tangible information may narrow the divide between research and clinical practice.
Nasal angiofibroma treatment outcome using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy in a dog
Authors: L. Ashworth Hayley , K. Flesner Brian , J. Norquest Carissa , A. Maitz Charles 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old dog presented with a modified Adams stage 3 angiofibroma of the right nasal cavity, causing fluid accumulation along the right frontal sinus. Treatment consisted of step‐and‐shoot intensity‐modulated radiation therapy in 12 daily treatments of 3.5 Gy, for a total dose of 42 Gy to 95% of the planning target volume. The dog developed self‐limiting grade 2 oral mucositis which resolved within 2 weeks of course completion. A recheck exam 668 days after treatment confirmed a stable disease response by RECIST and a tumor volume decrease of 55.4%.
Numerical Characterization of an High Pressure Compressor Stage Equipped With a Closed Shrouded Stator Cavity
Authors: Babin Cedric , Dumas Michel , Ottavy Xavier , Fontaneto Fabrizio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In axial compressors, shrouded stator cavity flows are responsible for performance degradation due to their interaction with the power stream. The present paper aims at exploring the possibility of employing a single-stage high-pressure axial compressor as a test vehicle for cavity flows investigations. In a first step, the robustness of the adopted RANS approach is tested against experimental data on the closed-cavity baseline configuration (i.e., no downstream-to-upstream recirculation). In a second phase, the effect of different hub cavities layouts of different levels of realism is numerically investigated. The focus is set on the representativeness of a closed cavity configuration with injection. The cavity flow topology and impact on the overall performance are considered in the analysis. At its final extent, this paper provides numerical and experimental guidelines for the robust assessment of cavity flows topology and performance effects.
Higher Order Conceptual Model for Labyrinth Seal Flutter
Authors: Corral Roque , Greco Michele , Vega Almudena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A simple nondimensional model to describe the flutter onset of two-fin straight labyrinth seals (Corral, R., and Vega, A., 2018, “Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals Using Analytical Models. Part I: Theoretical Background,” ASME J. Turbomach., 140(10), p. 121006) is extended to account for nonisentropic flow perturbations. The isentropic relationship is replaced by the more general integral energy equation of the inter-fin cavity. A new expression for the Corral and Vega stability criterion is derived, which is very consistent with the previous model in the whole design space of the seal but for torsion centers located in the high-pressure side close to the seal. The new model formally depends on more dimensionless parameters since the existing parameter grouping of the previous model does not hold anymore, but this dependency is weak in relative terms. The model blends the limit where the discharge time of the inter-fin cavity is much longer than the vibration period, and the flow is nearly isentropic, and the opposite limit, where the perturbations are isothermic, gracefully. A few numerical examples obtained using a three-dimensional linearized frequency domain solver are included to support the model and show that the trends are correct, but the body of the numerical work will be presented in a separated article. The matching between the work-per-cycle obtained with the model and frequency domain solver is good. It is shown that some weird trends obtained using linearized unsteady simulations are qualitatively consistent with the current model but not with the previous one (Corral, R., and Vega, A., 2018, “Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals Using Analytical Models. Part I: Theoretical Background,” ASME J. Turbomach., 140(10), p. 121006). The largest differences between the new and the previous model are seen when the seal is supported at the high-pressure side.
Effects of Jet Impingement on Convective Heat Transfer in Effusion Holes
Authors: Huelsmann Nathan C. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A common design for cooling the combustor liner of gas turbines is a double wall composed of impingement jets that feed effusion cooling holes. An important cooling mechanism associated with the effusion hole is the convective cooling provided to the liner wall, which is in contact with the hot main gas flowing through the combustor. While the combination of impingement jets and effusion holes has been studied earlier, mostly in terms of cooling effectiveness, investigators have not fully evaluated the effect the impingement jet has on the local internal convection within the effusion hole. This study evaluates the detailed effects of the impingement geometry on the local convective heat transfer coefficients within the effusion hole, which provides insights as to the design decisions for cooling combustor liners. Using a scaled-up, 3D-printed effusion hole with a constant heat flux boundary condition, local convective heat transfer coefficients were measured for a range of impingement geometries and positions relative to the effusion holes. Results showed a strong influence on the convective heat transfer resulting from the placement of the impingement hole relative to the effusion hole. In particular, the results showed a strong sensitivity to the circumferential and radial placement of the impingement jet with little sensitivity to the jet-to-effusion distance.