bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Protein Kinase A Signaling of the Latent Postoperative Pain Sensitization That Is Masked by Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Basu Paramita , Custodio-Patsey Lilian , Prasoon Pranav , Smith Bret N. , Taylor Bradley K. 
Published: September 2021

Latent sensitization (LS) of pain engages pronociceptive signaling pathways in the dorsal horn that include NMDA receptor (NMDAR)→adenylyl cyclase-1 (AC1)→protein kinase A (PKA), and exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic AMP (Epacs). To determine whether these pathways operate similarly between males and females or are under the inhibitory control of spinal κ opioid receptors (KOR), we allowed hyperalgesia to resolve after plantar incision and then blocked KOR with intrathecal administration of LY2456302, which reinstated hyperalgesia and facilitated touch-evoked immunoreactivity of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in neurons (NeuN) but not astrocytes (GFAPs) nor microglia (Iba1). LY2456302 reinstated hyperalgesia even when administered 13 months later, indicating that chronic postoperative pain vulnerability persists for over a year in a latent state of remission. In both sexes, intrathecal MK-801 (an NMDAR competitive antagonist) prevented LY2456302-evoked reinstatement of hyperalgesia as did AC1 gene deletion or the AC1 inhibitor NB001. NB001 also prevented stimulus-evoked pERK. In both sexes, the Epac inhibitor ESI-09 prevented reinstatement, whereas the Epac activator 8-CPT reinstated hyperalgesia. By contrast, the PKA inhibitor H89 prevented reinstatement only in male mice, whereas the PKA activator 6-bnz-cAMP itself evoked reinstatement at all doses tested (3–30 nmol, i.t.). In neither sex did incision change gene expression of KOR, GluN1, PKA, or Epac1 in dorsal horn. We conclude that sustained KOR signaling inhibits spinal PKA-dependent mechanisms that drive postoperative LS in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings support the development of AC1, PKA, and Epac inhibitors toward a new pharmacotherapy for chronic postoperative pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBecause of neural mechanisms that are not well understood, men and women respond differently to treatments for chronic pain. We report that surgical incision recruits a pronociceptive latent pain sensitization that persisted for over a year and was kept in check by the sustained analgesic activity of κ opioid receptors. NMDAR→AC1→cAMP→Epac signaling pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord maintain latent sensitization in both males and females; however, only males recruit a PKA-dependent mechanism. This work presents a novel male-specific mechanism for the promotion of chronic postoperative pain.
Aproximaciones conceptuales de categorías de la realidad social vinculadas a la extensión universitaria
Authors: Mena García Priscilla , Monge Hernández Carmen , Chavarría Briceño Randy 
Published: September 2021

Latinoamérica sostiene grandes desafíos sociales y medioambientales para el desarrollo humano sostenible, donde la misión social estatutaria vinculada a la extensión universitaria recobra valor, pertinencia y prioridad en la educación superior. Actualmente, surgen importantes cuestionamientos y vacíos conceptuales para alcanzar una extensión de contenido crítico e integrador. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de un análisis conceptual, los cuales destacan claves de partida de las problemáticas socio ambientales desde el proceso de extensión universitaria. La finalidad es reflexionar respecto a cuestionamientos sobre la realidad social conceptos como sociedad, entorno, paradigmas y el cambio social. Se concluyó que la definición de extensión se asume desde una cosmovisión que determina el posicionamiento de quienes la ejecutan respecto a las categorías que involucra -tratadas en el texto y otras posibles-, así como de la dimensión axiológica y comunicacional de la universidad ante la sociedad a la que se debe. Reflexionar desde la visión del modelo crítico e integrador de extensión implica el compromiso sociopolítico de la universidad de hacer realidad el mejoramiento profesional y humano de sus estudiantes y el ideario altruista de la nación a la que responde.
The Uncanny in the Themes of Evil, Transgression and the Double in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Rappaccini's Daughter"
Authors: Barboza Núñez Esteban 
Published: September 2021

El propósito de este artículo consiste en explorar los mecanismos y representaciones de lo siniestro en "La hija de Rappacci" de Nathaniel Hawthome como expresión del mal dentro de los límites del género gótico del siglo XIX; como expresión del tema del doble en tres personajes humanos y en uno no humano que aparecen en el cuento; y como expresión de trasgresión en el personaje principal, Giovanni Guasconte. El concepto de lo siniestro que se usará será el de la teoría psicoanalítica, siguiendo especialmente los aportes de Sigmund Freud y Jacques Lacan. The purpose of this artide is to explore the mechanisms and representations of the uncanny in Nathaniel Hawthome's "Rappaccini's Daughter" as an expression of evil within nineteenth century Gothic boundaries; as an expression of the theme of the double in three human characters and in one non-human component of Rappaccini's garden; and as an expression of transgression in Giovanni Guasconte, the main character. The concept of the uncanny to be used will be that of psychoanalytic theory, especially reliant on the contributions on the topic by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan.
Economic Trends of Racial Disparities in Pediatric Postappendectomy Complications
Authors: Mpody Christian , Willer Brittany , Owusu-Bediako Ekua , Kemper Alex R. , Tobias Joseph D. , Nafiu Olubukola O. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Despite unparalleled advances in perioperative medicine, surgical outcomes remain poor for racial minority patients relative to their white counterparts. Little is known about the excess costs to the health care system related to these disparities.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2001 and 2018. We included children younger than 18 years admitted with appendicitis who underwent an appendectomy during their hospital stay. We examined the inflation-adjusted hospital costs attributable to the racial disparities in surgical complications and perforation status, focusing on differences between non-Hispanic white patients and non-Hispanic Black patients.

RESULTS
We included 100 639 children who underwent appendectomy, of whom 89.9% were non-Hispanic white and 10.1% were non-Hispanic Black. Irrespective of perforation status at presentation, surgical complications were consistently higher for Black compared with white children, with no evidence of narrowing of the racial disparity gap over time. Black children consistently incurred higher hospital costs (median difference: $629 [95% confidence interval: $500–$758; P &lt; .01). The total inflation-adjusted hospital costs for Black children were $518 658 984, and $59 372 044 (11.41%) represented the excess because of the racial disparities in perforation rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Although all patients had a progressive decline in post appendectomy complications, Black children consistently had higher rates of complications and perforation, imposing a significant economic burden. We provide an empirical economic argument for sustained efforts to reduce racial disparities in pediatric surgical outcomes, notwithstanding that eliminating these disparities is simply the right thing to do.
Perturbation-based balance assessment: Examining reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairments
Authors: Kannan Lakshmi N , Bhatt Tanvi S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI) present subtle balance and gait deficits along with subjective memory decline. Although these presentations might not affect activities of daily living (ADLs), they attribute to a two-folded increase in falls. While changes occurring in volitional balance control during ADLs have been extensively examined among OAwMCI, reactive balance control, required to recover from external perturbations, has received little attention. Therefore, this study examined reactive balance control in OAwMCI compared to their healthy counterparts.

Methods
Fifteen older adults with mild cognitive impairment (OAwMCI), fifteen cognitively intact older adults (CIOA) (>55 years), and fifteen young adults (18–30 years) were exposed to stance perturbations at three different intensities. Behavioral outcomes postural COM state stability, step length, step initiation, and step execution were computed.

Results
Postural COM state stability was the lowest in OAwMCI compared to CIOA and young adults, and it deteriorated at higher perturbation intensities (P < 0.001). Step length was the lowest among OAwMCI and was significantly different from young adults (P < 0.001) but not from CIOA. Unlike OAwMCI, CIOA and young adults increased their step length at higher perturbation intensities (P < 0.001). OAwMCI showed longer recovery step initiation times and shorter execution times compared to CIOA and young adults at higher perturbation intensities (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
OAwMCI exhibit exacerbated reactive instability and are unable to modulate their responses as the threat to balance control altered. Thus, they are at a significantly higher risk of falls than their healthy counterparts.
The influence of external load variables on creatine kinase change during preseason training period
Authors: Csala Dániel , Kovács Bence Márk , Bali Péter , Reha Gábor , Pánics Gergely 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationships between creatine kinase (CK) concentration, an indirect marker of muscle damage, and global positioning system (GPS)-derived metrics of a continuous two-week-long preseason training period in elite football.

Design
Twenty-one elite male professional soccer players were assessed during a 14-day preseason preparatory period. CK concentrations were determined each morning, and a GPS system was used to quantify the external load. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was established to determine the extent to which the external load parameter explained post-training CK levels.

Results
The GEE model found that higher numbers of decelerations (χ
2 = 7.83, P = 0.005) were most strongly associated with the post-training CK level. Decelerations and accelerations accounted for 62% and 11% of the post-training CK level, respectively, and considerable interindividual variability existed in the data.

Conclusion
The use of GPS to predict muscle damage could be of use to coaches and practitioners in prescribing recovery practices. Based on GPS data, more individualized strategies could be devised and could potentially result in better subsequent performance.
Endothelial cell monolayer formation on a small-diameter vascular graft surface under pulsatile flow conditions
Authors: Khanova M. Yu. , Velikanova E. A. , Matveeva V. G. , Krivkina E. O. , Glushkova T. V. , Sevostianova V. V. , Kutikhin A. G. , Antonova L. V. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: to create a cell-populated small-diameter vascular graft (SDVG) using autologous endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins, and to evaluate the efficiency of endothelial cell monolayer formation during shear stress preconditioning in a SDVG.Materials and methods. PHBV/PCL tubular scaffolds of vascular grafts were made by electrospinning from a mixture of polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV) copolymer and polycaprolactone (PCL) and modified with fibrin. To populate the graft, an endothelial cell culture was isolated from the blood of patients with coronary heart disease. Phenotyping of endothelial colony-forming cell (ECFC) culture was performed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell proliferative and angiogenic activity were also studied. Cell-populated vascular scaffolds were cultured in a pulsatile flow setup with a final shear stress of 2.85 dyne/cm2. The effect of pulsatile flow on monolayer formation was assessed by immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing.Results. Under the influence of pulsatile flow, endothelial cells that were seeded into the tubular scaffold showed an increase in the expression level of endothelial profile proteins, focal adhesion and cytoskeleton. In contrast to endothelial cell culture on a vascular graft surface under static conditions, when cultured under pulsatile flow with 2.85 dyne/ cm2 shear stress, endothelial lining cells have an increased ability to adhere and are oriented along the pulsatile flow path. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing showed that induced shear stress increased expression levels of differentially expressed genes encoding proteins that ensure vascular development, endothelial integrity, and endothelial metabolism. A protocol for fabrication of a personalized cell-populated biodegradable SDVG under pulsatile flow conditions was developed.Conclusion. The use of autologous fibrin and ECFC culture, as well as shear stress preconditioning, allow to obtain a personalized cell-populated SDVG with continuous functional endothelial monolayer adapted to the flow.
Organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation in 2020 13th Report from the Registry of the Russian Transplant Society
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Khomyakov S. M. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: to monitor the current trends and developments in organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation based on the 2020 data.Materials and methods. Heads of organ transplant centers were surveyed through questionnaires. Data control was done using the information accounting system of the Russian Ministry of Health. Between separate federal subjects of the Russian Federation and between transplantation centers, comparative analysis of data obtained over years was performed.Results. Based on data retrieved from the 2020 Registry, 44 kidney, 29 liver and 16 heart transplantation programs were functioning in the Russian Federation in 2020. The kidney transplant waitlist in 2020 included about 11.5% of the total 60,000 patients receiving dialysis. Organ donation activity in 2020 was 3.9 per million population, with a 74.6% multi-organ procurement rate and an average of 2.9 organs being procured from one effective donor. In 2020, there were 7.7 kidney transplants per million population, 3.8 liver transplants per million population and 1.7 heart transplants per million population. Same year, the number of transplant surgeries performed in the Russian Federation fell by 19.2% to 13.4 per million population against the background of the outbreak caused by the new coronavirus disease COVID-19. The city of Moscow and the Moscow region in 2020 accounted for 13 out of the 14 functioning organ transplantation centers, performing 66.3% of all kidney transplants and 72.4% of all extrarenal transplants in the country. The number of organ recipients in the Russian Federation have exceeded 130 per million population.Conclusion. In 2020, despite the new coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying restrictive measures, transplant centers continued to perform organ transplants, run a waiting list and monitor organ recipients. However, the number of effective donors (–22.9%) and organ transplants (–19.2%) decreased, tentatively to the 2017 levels. In 2021, transplant centers with support from health authorities will have to restore the volume of transplant care with consideration to the real needs of the population and the donor resource. The COVID-19 factor, including vaccination of the population, as well as financial support to transplantation programs, will be decisive in shaping the trend of transplantation care and organ donation in the federal subjects of the Russian Federation in the coming 1–2 years.
The evaluation of postural stability and fall risk in morbidly obese preoperative bariatric patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: YILMAZ Nurdan , BULBULOGLU Ertan 
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Obez bireylerin, obez olmayan bireylere göre daha fazla postural instabilite ve düşme riskinde artış gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Morbid obez preoperatif bariatrik hastalarda postural stabiliteyi, düşme riskini ve postural stabiliteye katkıda bulunan faktörleri değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza bariatrik cerrahi öncesi değerlendirilen morbid obez 38 hasta (vücut kitle indeksi (VKI)≥40) ve 52 obez olmayan (BMI
Diagnósticos/resultados e intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con COVID-19: estudio documental retrospectivo
Authors: Lisieux Lima Gomes Gabriela , Maria Rodrigues Lopes de Oliveira Fabiana , Pessoa da Rocha Leal Natália , Sulamitta Lima Guimarães Keyth , Ferreira da Silva Deysianne , Talitha Fernandes Barbosa Keylla 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem utilizando a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem em pacientes com infeção por coronavírus. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo documental retrospectivo, desenvolvido em unidades de pronto atendimentos do município de João Pessoa - Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 187 prontuários e a coleta de dados foi realizada entre junho e agosto de 2020. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva, média, amplitude e desvio padrão. Resultado: identificou-se 12 diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem (Dispneia, Febre, Tosse, Dor Muscular, Dor na cabeça, Diarreia, Olfato prejudicado, Paladar prejudicado, Falta de apetite, Deglutição, prejudicada, Dor no tórax e Vômito) e 36 intervenções de enfermagem direcionadas aos pacientes acometidos por coronavírus. Conclusão: a identificação de diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem se faz indispensável para subsidiar a assistência, contribuindo com a operacionalização do Processo de enfermagem que constitui o arcabouço do cuidado profissional.
The relationship between aortic stiffness index and stroke severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: AYDIN OZTURK Pınar , ÖZTÜRK Ünal , ÖZTÜRK Önder 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Acute cerebrovascular diseases is an important reason of mortality and morbidity. Aortic stiffness is a important predictor of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular (CV) and all cause death, deadly and non-deadly coronary and neurologic situations, and severe strokes. In our study, we researched the association between aortic stiffness index (ASI) and stroke seriousness in acute ischemic stroke patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 97 patients (females, 55; males, 42; 65 ± 16 years) with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. 17 patients were excluded. 80 patients were evaluated. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to the calculated NIHSS score (Group 1, NIHSS score < 16; Group 2, NIHSS score ≥ 16). Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters for all patients were evaluated. Cardiac parameters and aortic stiffness index were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography within 48 hours of hospitalization to the neurology clinic.
Results: There were no significant differences among the groups for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, SBP, DBP, heart rate, dyslipidemia, infarct volume, troponin, HbA1c, glucose, creatinine, LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in Group 2 patients than in Group 1 patients. LV wall thickness, aortic stiffness index, E/e’ were significantly higher in Group 2 patients than in Group 1 patients. LVEF was significantly lower in Group 2 patients than in Group 1 patients.
Conclusion: ASI was significantly higher in patients with severe acute ischemic stroke. Higher ASI is associated with higher NIHSS score in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Ground-motion intensity inferred from upthrow of boulders during the 1984 Western Nagano Prefecture, Japan, earthquake
Authors: Ohmachi Tatsuo , Midorikawa Saburoh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To interpret observations of the upthrow of boulders followed by their remarkable displacement during the 1984 Western Nagano Prefecture, Japan, earthquake, shaking-table experiments, field measurements, and numerical simulations on the upthrow were conducted. First, upthrow of objects was produced during a shaking-table vibration experiment in which table motion was in the horizontal direction only. Next, after field measurements on the ground and boulders were carried out to determine the parameters in the numerical simulations, a series of numerical simulations was conducted using the distinct element method. Both the experimental and numerical approaches not only resulted in reinforcement of Newmark's argument (1973) that the upthrow does not necessarily indicate vertical ground acceleration greater than that of gravity, but further extended it to quantitative assessment of ground-motion intensity.
Measurement ofQ−1 forSwaves in mudstone at Chikura, Japan: Comparison of incident and reflected phases in borehole seismograms
Authors: Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Kinoshita Shigeo , Sato Haruo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeismograms from small events in the southern Kanto region have been recorded by a seismometer installed in a 732-m-deep borehole at Chikura observatory, Japan, where mudstone of early Pliocene age is found from the ground surface to the bottom of the borehole. Strong phases occurring 1.5 ∼ 1.6 sec after the S-wave arrival were interpreted as reflections at the ground surface. Ray path directions of the incident S waves were determined from the minimum principal axis of the three-dimensional trajectory ellipsoid, which represents the particle motion for a head wave of S phase. Transverse horizontal SH components were used to estimate the Q−1 value for S waves. Assuming the free surface acted as an 100% reflector for the SH waves and the incident SH phase as an input and the reflected phase as an output, we calculated system functions. The Q−1 value was measured from the transfer characteristics between the incident and the reflected phases in a single seismogram, thus no corrections were necessary for source or site (including instrument) effects. If we applied a power law model, the following relationship was obtained from the regression analyses of 20 events: log 10 ( Q − 1 ) = ( − 0.52 ± 0.48 ) ⋅ log 10 ( f ) − ( 1.28 ± 0.22 ) ( 1.0 &lt; f &lt; 5.0 Hz ) , where f is frequency in Hz and error values are the 95% confidence levels of the regression coefficients.