bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation into cleanability of support structures produced by powder bed fusion technology
Authors: Campana Giampaolo , Uhlmann Eckart , Mele Mattia , Raffaelli Luca , Bergmann André , Kochan Jaroslaw , Polte Julian 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Support structures used in laser powder bed fusion are often difficult to clean from unsintered powder at the end of the process. This issue can be significantly reduced through a proper design of these auxiliary structures. This paper aims to investigate preliminary the airflow within differently oriented support structures and to provide design guidelines to enhance their cleanability, especially the depowdering of them.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates the cleanability of support structures in powder bed fusion technology. Digital models of cleaning operations were designed through computer-aided engineering systems. Simulations of the airflow running into the powder entrapped within the thin walls of auxiliary supports were implemented by computational fluid dynamics. This approach was applied to a set of randomly generated geometrical configurations to determine the air turbulence intensity depending on their design.

Findings
The results, which are based on the assumption that a relationship exists between turbulence and powder removal effectiveness, demonstrated that the maximum cleanability is obtainable through specific relative rotations between consecutive support structures. Furthermore, it was possible to highlight the considerable influence of the auxiliary structures next to the fluid inlet. These relevant findings establish optimal design rules for the cleanability of parts manufactured by powder bed fusion processes.

Originality/value
This study presents a preliminary investigation into the cleanability of support structures in laser powder bed fusion, which has not been addressed by previous literature. The results allow for a better understanding of the fluid dynamics during cleaning operations. New guidelines to enhance the cleanability of support structures are provided based on the results of simulations.
Assessing the sustainability of social studies virtual professional learning communities on social media: a quantitative study of “sense of community”
Authors: Hensley Matt 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the #SSChat community's recognition of cohesion and shared learning goals within the #SSChat community. Specifically, the author sought to gauge the #SSChat community's “sense of community (SOC) ” (e.g. measuring participants' perceptions of membership, influence, fulfillment of needs and a shared emotional connection related to the community) and sustainability (e.g. information contribution and consumption, self-disclosure and intention to leave the community). Additionally, the author aimed to examine “SOC” as a construct supporting the #SSChat community's sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a quantitative survey research design that was guided by McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework. The instrument included two reliable and valid surveys. Descriptive and inferential statics were used to investigate the three research questions.FindingsFindings from this study highlight refinement and reinforcement areas framed using McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework to support the continued development and growth of the #SSChat as virtual learning community for social studies education professionals.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of research that investigates the dynamic underpinnings and foundations of informal virtual learning communities for social studies educators and whether they are sustainable. While this study is not the first to investigate the relationship between sustainability and SOC, it does extend previous research by evaluating the specific SOC tenets and their individual relationships to sustainability.
Exploring the impact of interactive read-alouds on student perceptions of women’s history
Authors: Whitford Alyssa J. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate elementary students’ perceptions about women’s roles throughout US history, and the extent to which these perceptions can be challenged or expanded by interactive read-alouds.Design/methodology/approachThird-grade students participated in interviews designed to investigate their thoughts about women’s historical roles before and after engaging in a series of interactive read-alouds featuring notable women in history. Pre- and post-interviews were analyzed to assess shifts in perception.FindingsThe research findings suggest that students initially perceived historical women as insignificant and held stereotypical views about their roles and that this perception was challenged following the interactive read-alouds. Changes were indicated through increased references to women during interviews and through answers that challenged stereotypical views.Originality/valueThis study adds insight about students’ perceptions regarding women’s history and supports the use of interactive read-alouds to challenge stereotypical views of women’s historical roles.
Under-tourism regions and destinations: what are their opportunities to succeed?
Authors: Litavniece Lienite , Silicka Inese , Garanti Zanete , Berjozkina Galina , Kolongou Stathis 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe paper aims to identify the success factors that guide the sustainable development of rural tourism destinations in Cyprus.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of this study, two rural villages in the Larnaca and Limassol districts of Cyprus were selected as a sample. Interviews, field visits, interactions with practitioners, the local community and leaders in these villages then followed. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the factors guiding the sustainable development of these villages.FindingsNine success factors were identified: finding the theme and engaging with it, allowing locals to guide the development, training and education, economic benefits, developing new products and services, community involvement, the role of younger people, strong leadership and island-wide efforts to rebrand Cyprus as a destination. These factors seem to be critical to the success of sustainable rural destinations and to rebranding Cyprus as a destination that offers authentic experiences.Originality/valueThe nine success factors identified by studying two villages in Cyprus can guide other rural destinations in finding their path to sustainable development through themes and authentic experiences.
Prophesying the stream flow and perpetrating the performance of Halele-Werabessa reservoirs of Ethiopia using HEC-HMS and HEC-ResSim
Authors: Bekele Dereje Mekonnen , Ayana Melkamu Teshome , Mohammed Abdella Kemal , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
To assess the impacts of climate change on stream flow and evaluation of reservoir performances, reliability, resilience and vulnerability (RRV) indices are contemplated. Precipitation, temperature (Tmax, Tmin), relative humidity and solar radiation are the hydrological and meteorological data which have been used extensively. Climate data like RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were evaluated for the base period 1976–2005 and future climate scenario for 2021–2050 and 2051–2080 as per the convenience.

Design/methodology/approach
The hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model was used to simulate the current and future inflow volume into the reservoir. The model performance resulted as 0.76 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), 0.78 R2 and −3.17 D and during calibration the results obtained were 0.8 NSE, 0.82 R2 and 2.1 D. The projected climate scenario illustrates an increasing trend for both maximum and minimum temperature though a decreasing trend was documented for precipitation. The average time base reliability of the reservoirs was less than 50% without reservoir condition and greater than 50% for other conditions but volumetric reliability and resilience varies between 50% and 100% for all conditions. The vulnerability result of reservoirs may face shortage of flow ranging from 5.7% to 33.8%.

Findings
Evaluating reservoir simulation and hydropower generation for different climate scenarios by HEC-ResSim model, the energy generated for upper dam ranges from 349.4 MWhr to 331.2 MWhr and 4045.82 MWhr and 3946.74 MWhr for short and long-term future scenario, respectively. RCP for Tmax and Tmin goes on increasing whereas precipitation and inflow to reservoir decreases owing to increase in evapotranspiration. Under diverse climatic conditions power production goes on varying simultaneously.

Originality/value
This paper is original and all the references are properly cited.
The concept delimitation, the value realization process, and the realization path of the capitalization of forest ecological resources
Authors: Fang Qiu‐Shuang , Li Hong‐Xun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe management and protection of forest resources has become one of the major issues of environmental protection globally. As the largest developing country in the world, China has determined that the construction of an ecological civilization is an important piece of a millennium plan for China's sustainable development. The ecological capital theory, which adheres to the idea of a harmonious coexistence between man and nature, provides an opportunity to open up a new chapter for the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the fact China is a country endowed with unique resources, this paper aims to provide a theoretical reference on how to maximize the value of forest ecological resources and promote the sustainable development of global forest resources. To gain clear insights, this paper uses the theory of ecological capital to discuss how to demarcate the concept of the capitalization of forest ecological resources. The internal motivation of the capitalization of forest ecological resources was analysed from two perspectives: how to keep the balance between ecological protection and resource development, and how people have changed the way of using forest resources. This paper has expounded how forest ecological resources are transformed to forest ecological assets and then forest ecological capital, indicating the realization path of the capitalization of forest ecological resources, that is, a direct utilisation of forest resources and indirect new ways of forestry management. It aims to provide theoretical references for maximizing the value of forest ecological resources and achieving the sustainable development of global forest resources.
New Frontiers for Internal Audit Research*
Authors: Christ Margaret H. , Eulerich Marc , Krane Ronja , Wood David A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTInternal audit provides useful and valuable services to organizations, and academic research has established its importance in improving corporate governance. However, the body of internal audit research is still relatively small. Indeed, there are many emerging, lesser‐known topics and practitioners would like guidance. The primary focus of this paper is to make specific recommendations for future research based on surveys, interviews, and discussions with practitioners. We identify three broad areas for additional academic research: innovation in information technology, staffing and personnel development, and agile auditing. In each area, we describe current practices and discuss the relevant accounting literature, noting gaps where additional inquiry is needed. We also provide a list of testable research ideas to help inform academics about practice‐relevant research questions that would not only add to the academic literature, but would benefit practitioners who seek guidance. We hope this paper will inspire more academic research that investigates important internal audit questions.
Combined approaches identify known and novel genes associated with sheep litter size and non‐seasonal breeding
Authors: Tao Lin , Wang Xiangyu , Zhong Yingjie , Liu Qiuyue , Xia Qing , Chen Si , He Xiaoyun , Di Ran , Chu Mingxing 
Published: September 2021

SummaryImprovement of ewe reproduction is considerable by appropriately increasing litter size and sustaining non‐seasonal breeding. However, their genetic makeups have not been entirely elucidated. Genome‐wide analyses of 821 individuals were performed by combining three genomic approaches (genome‐wide association study, XP‐nSL, and runs of homozygosity). Consequently, 35 candidate genes including three domestication genes (TSHR, GTF2A1, and KITLG) were identified. Other than the FecB mutation at BMPR1B, we described a significant association of a missense mutation rs406686139 at seasonal lambing‐associated TSHR gene with litter size. Some promising novel genes may be relevant for sheep reproduction by multitude biological processes, such as FETUB functioning in fertilization, HNRNPA1 in oogenesis, DCUN1D1 in spermatogenesis, and HRG in fertility outcome. The present study suggests that improvement of ewe reproduction is attributed to selective breeding, and casts light on the genetic basis and improvement of sheep reproduction.
A scalable and highly immunogenic virus‐like particle‐based vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mohsen Mona O. , Balke Ina , Zinkhan Simon , Zeltina Villija , Liu Xuelan , Chang Xinyue , Krenger Pascal S. , Plattner Kevin , Gharailoo Zahra , Vogt Anne‐Cathrine S. , Augusto Gilles , Zwicker Marianne , Roongta Salony , Rothen Dominik A. , Josi Romano , Costa Joana J. da , Sobczak Jan M. , Nonic Aleksandra , Brand Lee‐Anne , Nuss Katja , Martina Byron , Speiser Daniel E. , Kündig Thomas , Jennings Gary T. , Walton Senta M. , Vogel Monique , Zeltins Andris , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 caused one of the most devastating pandemics in the recent history of mankind. Due to various countermeasures, including lock‐downs, wearing masks, and increased hygiene, the virus has been controlled in some parts of the world. More recently, the availability of vaccines, based on RNA or adenoviruses, has greatly added to our ability to keep the virus at bay; again, however, in some parts of the world only. While available vaccines are effective, it would be desirable to also have more classical vaccines at hand for the future. Key feature of vaccines for long‐term control of SARS‐CoV‐2 would be inexpensive production at large scale, ability to make multiple booster injections, and long‐term stability at 4℃.MethodsHere, we describe such a vaccine candidate, consisting of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding motif (RBM) grafted genetically onto the surface of the immunologically optimized cucumber mosaic virus, called CuMVTT‐RBM.ResultsUsing bacterial fermentation and continuous flow centrifugation for purification, the yield of the production process is estimated to be >2.5 million doses per 1000‐litre fermenter run. We demonstrate that the candidate vaccine is highly immunogenic in mice and rabbits and induces more high avidity antibodies compared to convalescent human sera. The induced antibodies are more cross‐reactive to mutant RBDs of variants of concern (VoC). Furthermore, antibody responses are neutralizing and long‐lived. In addition, the vaccine candidate was stable for at least 14 months at 4℃.ConclusionThus, the here presented VLP‐based vaccine may be a good candidate for use as conventional vaccine in the long term.
The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhao Qian , Chen Hai‐yan , Liu Wen , Ding Tong , Yang Bin , Song Jin‐Chao 
Published: September 2021

AimsPropofol may result in hypotension, bradycardia and loss of protective reflexes, especially in elderly patients, while esketamine, a N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist, has analgesic, anaesthetic and sympathomimetic properties and is known to cause less cardiorespiratory depression. We hypothesized that esketamine may reduce the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol and coadministration is less likely to produce hypotension during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients.MethodsNinety elderly patients, aged 65–89 years, undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned into 3 groups: SK0 (control) group (0 mg/kg esketamine); SK0.25 group (0.25 mg/kg esketamine); and SK0.5 group (0.5 mg/kg esketamine). Anaesthesia was achieved by plasma target‐controlled infusion of propofol with different bolus doses of esketamine. The EC50 of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy was determined by using the up‐and‐down method of Dixon. The initial plasma target concentration is 2.5 μg/mL and the adjacent concentration gradient is 0.5 μg/mL. Cardiovascular variables were also measured.ResultsPropofol EC50s and its 95% confidence interval for gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients were 3.69 (2.59–4.78), 2.45 (1.85–3.05) and 1.71 (1.15–2.27) μg/mL in the SK0, SK0.25 and SK0.5 groups, respectively (P < .05). The average percent change from baseline mean arterial pressure was −19.7 (7.55), −15.2 (7.14) and −10.1 (6.73), in the SK0, SK0.25 and SK0.5 groups, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionCombination medication of propofol with esketamine reduced the propofol EC50 during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients compared with administration of propofol without esketamine. Increasing doses of SK with propofol are less likely to produce hypotension with shorter recovery time.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ signalling protects hair follicle stem cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Piccini I. , Brunken L. , Chéret J. , Ghatak S. , Ramot Y. , Alam M. , Purba T.S. , Hardman J. , Erdmann H. , Jimenez F. , Paus R. , Bertolini M. 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Background
Permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia (pCIA), for which preventive interventions remain limited, can manifest with scarring. While the underlying pathomechanisms of pCIA are unclear, depletion of epithelial hair follicle (HF) stem cells (eHFSCs) is likely to play a role.
Objectives
To explore the hypothesis that, besides apoptosis, eHFSCs undergo pathological epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pCIA, thus explaining the scarring phenotype. Furthermore, we tested whether a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ modulator could prevent pCIA-associated pathomechanisms.
Methods
Organ-cultured human scalp HFs were treated with the cyclophosphamide metabolite 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Additionally, HFs were pretreated with the agonistic PPAR-γ modulator N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-Levo (NAGED), which has previously been shown to promote K15 expression and antagonize EMT in eHFSCs.
Results
In accordance with anticipated hair bulb cytotoxicity, dystrophy and catagen induction, 4-HC promoted apoptosis along with increased p53 expression, DNA damage and pathological EMT in keratin 15+ (K15) eHFSCs, as evidenced by decreased E-cadherin expression and the appearance of fibronectin+ and vimentin+ cells in the hair bulge. Pretreatment with NAGED protected against 4-HC-induced hair bulb cytotoxicity/dystrophy, and apoptosis, p53 upregulation and EMT in the bulge, thereby significantly preventing depletion of K15+ human eHFSCs ex vivo.
Conclusions
Since a key cyclophosphamide metabolite alone suffices to damage and deplete human scalp eHFSCs by promoting apoptosis, DNA damage and EMT ex vivo, strategies to prevent pCIA need to target these pathomechanisms. Given the ability of NAGED to prevent chemotherapy-induced eHFSCs damage ex vivo, our study introduces the stimulation of PPAR-γ signalling as a novel intervention strategy for the prevention of pCIA.
BCR–ABL1 transcript doubling time as a predictor for treatment‐free remission failure after imatinib discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase
Authors: Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Kim Taehyung Simon , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Novitzky Basso Igor , Forrest Donna , Bence‐Bruckler Isabelle , Savoie Lynn , Busque Lambert , Keating Mary‐Margaret , Delage Robert , Xenocostas Anargyros , Liew Elena , Paulson Kristjan , Stockley Tracy , Laneuville Pierre , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , Leber Brian 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe doubling time (DT) of the BCR–ABL1 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) transcript level reflects the re‐growing fraction of leukaemic cells after discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The present study analyzed monthly DT within six months after imatinib discontinuation in 131 patients. Monthly DT was calculated as x = ln(2)/K, where x is the DT and K is the fold BCR–ABL1 change from the previous value divided by the number of days between each measurement. The optimal DT value was determined as 12·75 days at two months using a recursive partitioning method. The patients were stratified into three groups: the high‐risk group (DT<12·75 days but >0, with rapidly proliferating chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells; n = 26) showed the lowest molecular relapse‐free survival (mRFS) of 7·7% at 12 months, compared to 53·6% in the intermediate‐risk group (DT≥12·75 days, with slowly proliferating CML cells; n = 16) or 90·0% in the low‐risk group (DT≤0, i.e., without proliferating CML cells; n = 71; P < 0·001). Monthly assessment of DT helps identify high‐risk patients for treatment‐free remission failure with an imminent risk of molecular recurrence, and to define low‐risk patients who can be spared the frequent monitoring of monthly molecular tests.
The Thai reference exome (T‐REx) variant database
Authors: Shotelersuk Vorasuk , Wichadakul Duangdao , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Srichomthong Chalurmpon , Phokaew Chureerat , Wilantho Alisa , Pakchuen Sujiraporn , Nakhonsri Vorthunju , Shaw Philip James , Wasitthankasem Rujipat , Piriyapongsa Jittima , Wangkumhang Pongsakorn , Assawapitaksakul Adjima , Chetruengchai Wanna , Lapphra Keswadee , Khuninthong Athiphat , Makarawate Pattarapong , Suphapeetiporn Kanya , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Satproedprai Nusara , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Praphanphoj Verayuth , Kantaputra Piranit , Tassaneeyakul Wichittra , Tongsima Sissades 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo maximize the potential of genomics in medicine, it is essential to establish databases of genomic variants for ethno‐geographic groups that can be used for filtering and prioritizing candidate pathogenic variants. Populations with non‐European ancestry are poorly represented among current genomic variant databases. Here, we report the first high‐density survey of genomic variants for the Thai population, the Thai Reference Exome (T‐REx) variant database. T‐REx comprises exome sequencing data of 1092 unrelated Thai individuals. The targeted exome regions common among four capture platforms cover 30.04 Mbp on autosomes and chromosome X. 345 681 short variants (18.27% of which are novel) and 34 907 copy number variations were found. Principal component analysis on 38 469 single nucleotide variants present worldwide showed that the Thai population is most genetically similar to East and Southeast Asian populations. Moreover, unsupervised clustering revealed six Thai subpopulations consistent with the evidence of gene flow from neighboring populations. The prevalence of common pathogenic variants in T‐REx was investigated in detail, which revealed subpopulation‐specific patterns, in particular variants associated with erythrocyte disorders such as the HbE variant in HBB and the Viangchan variant in G6PD. T‐REx serves as a pivotal addition to the current databases for genomic medicine.