bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mechanical behavior of composite materials reinforced by graphene and huntite minerals
Authors: Atilla Dilek , Gören Binnur 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials reinforced by mineral experimentally. Graphene and huntite minerals were added to epoxy resin at different weight ratios (wt.-%) as 0.5 weight percent, 1 weight percent and 3 weight percent, to examine the effect of mineral types and percentages on the resulting dynamic mechanical properties. In addition, the effect of non-layered huntite unlike graphene, with a nano-sized grain structure, was investigated. Thus, glass transition temperature (Tg), storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”) and damping ratio (tan δ) values were determined and compared. Moreover, a tensile test was performed in order to explain the relation between stress and strain. It was seen that adding different minerals caused different results according to types and proportions. In general, adding minerals to the pure resin increased the storage modulus and loss modulus, whereas the damping ratio (tan δ) decreased compared to the pure resin.
Effect of friction time on tensile strength and metallurgical properties of friction welded dissimilar aluminum alloy joints
Authors: Bakkiyaraj M. , Lakshminarayanan A. K. , Yuvaraj S. , Nagarajan P. K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dissimilar (AA6061 & AA7075-T6) friction welded aluminum joints were taken into the investigation to correlate the influences of friction time on tensile and metallurgical properties. The dissimilar metals were welded by varying the friction time from 2 s to 6 s with the following constant parameters: a rotating speed of 1200 rpm, friction pressure of 35 MPa, upset pressure of 35 MPa, and upset time of 3 s. The higher friction time during joint fabrication needs to be selected to attain good metallurgical bonding between rubbing surfaces. The highest tensile strength of 228 MPa was attained when the friction time was given as 4 s. Furthermore, the increase in friction time widened the width and reduced the hardness of the heat affected zone on the AA6061 side where joint failure occurred. Finally, the metallurgical features of the dissimilar specimens were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Other details related to the characterization and results of the testing were recounted.
Computer simulation of boronizing kinetics for a TB2 alloy
Authors: Boumaali Brahim , Abdellah Zahra Nait , Keddam Mourad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The boron diffusion at the surface of a TB2 alloy was simulated via two mathematical models relying on the numerical resolutions of the system of differential algebraic equations (DAE) for the integral method and ordinary differential equations for the mean diffusion coefficient (MDC) method. Both approaches allowed us to compute the boron diffusion coefficients in TiB2 and TiB for a maximum boron content of 31.10 wt.-% in TiB2 at 1223, 1273, 1323 and 1373 K. The boron activation energies in TiB2 and TiB were evaluated and compared with the data published in the literature. Finally, an experimental validation of both models was made through a comparison of the thicknesses of the experimental layers with the predicted values. Consequently, the simulated thicknesses were in line with the experimental values.
Potentiodynamic corrosion behavior and microstructural features of gas tungsten constricted arc (GTCA)-welded superalloy 718 joints
Authors: Sonar Tushar , Balasubramanian Visvalingam , Venkateswaran Thiruvenkatam , Sivakumar Dhenuvakonda , Konovalov Sergey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The gas tungsten constricted arc welding (GTCAW) process was used to join thin Su-718 alloy sheets to minimize alloying segregation and Laves phase precipitation in the fusion zone (FZ). The potentiodynamic corrosion behavior of GTCAW Su-718 alloy joints was studied and correlated to the microstructural features of welds. The potentiodynamic corrosion test was done in a 3.56 wt.-% NaCl solution to determine the corrosion rate of Su-718 alloy joints. The optical microscopy (OM) technique was used to analyze the microstructure of corroded weldments. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to study the Laves phase development in FZ. The SEM X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique was used to for elemental mapping of FZ. The corrosion resistance of Su-718 joints is inversely proportional to the precipitation of Laves phase in FZ. The GTCA welded Su-718 alloy joints disclosed superior corrosion resistance for the joints with lower Laves phase precipitation. It is correlated to the refining of FZ microstructure, which aids in minimizing the Laves phase precipitation. The joints with higher Laves phase precipitation revealed inferior corrosion resistance. It is attributed to coarsening of FZ microstructure, which raises the alloying segregation and leads to depletion of alloying elements in FZ. The dendritic core regions showed severe corrosion compared to the interdendritic regions. The corrosion resistance of GTCA welded Su-718 joints is better than that of CC-GTAW and PC-GTGAW joints and comparable to that of EBW and LBW joints. It refers to the arc constriction and high frequency current pulsation.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-1,1′-(biphenyl-4,4′-diyl)bis(1H-imidazol)-κ2
N:N′)-bis(4-bromobenzoate-κ1
O)zinc(II)], C64H44Br4N8O8Zn2
Authors: Bai Xiao-Hui , Xing Yan , Liu Si-Jie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
C64H44Br4N8O8Zn2, monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 6.6263(5) Å, b = 24.355(2) Å, c = 18.2418(15) Å, β = 96.433(2)°, V = 2925.4(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0400, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1302, T = 296(2) K.
Chalcogen bonds in the crystal structure of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, C6H2Br2N2Se
Authors: Wang Weizhou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
C6H2Br2N2Se, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.7277(4) Å, b = 19.6360(6) Å, c = 10.8656(5) Å, β = 102.124(4)°, V = 1611.98(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0482, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1175, T = 290 K.
Violence, Wars, and the Possibility of Ethical Life in an Apocalypse: A Kantian Reading of The Walking Dead
Authors: Salman Selda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The Walking Dead is a popular TV series depicting a catastrophic and violent world. After a pandemic that turns humans into zombies, we witness the collapse of civilization with all its institutions, the depletion of the resources, and the struggle to build a new world in the middle of the wars between surviving groups. It illustrates a world of literal and metaphorical homo homini lupus. Some people choose sheer survival, and others try to build a moral, civil world. In this article, I propose a reading of this series from a Kantian perspective by employing his interrelated ideas on history, ethics, and politics. I claim that The Walking Dead represents the state of nature and the violence it contains, and illustrates the course of history toward a civil society as defined by Kant.
Diversity, Identity, Oppression: The Construction of “Blackness” in Dear White People
Authors: Schelenz Laura , Vondermaßen Marcel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the series Dear White People (DWP), students at the fictional University of Winchester struggle for racial justice. We analyze how the series treats “race” and racism and how this relates to contemporary debates in the United States. While the series presents an imaginary environment, we recognize strong similarities to actual student life and students grappling with various experiences of oppression including sexual violence. We draw on theories of identity formation (Margalit and Raz; Vondermaßen; Young) and intersectionality (Crenshaw; Collins) to uncover how the series portrays and complicates “Blackness” as an identity-forming experience and as an experience shaped by converging forms of structural discrimination. While we highlight the merit of combining two theoretical approaches (one of identity formation and one of oppression), we note that especially intersectionality helped uncover a major blind spot of the series. Although Black women are at the center of the series and the struggle for racial equality at Winchester, their particular experiences of violence are marginalized in seasons 1–3. This tendency to overlook the experiences of Black women reflects the larger debate around race, racism, and movements for social justice.
Quantitative Characterization of a Belt-cast High-Manganese Steel Microstructure
Authors: Preißler S. , Witte M. , Evertz T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The description of the solidification process in casting processes with varying product thickness is characterized based on solidification structures, segregations as well as the primary and secondary microstructure. In near-net-shape casting processes, it is particularly challenging to achieve microstructure homogeneity in the as-cast condition, since the degree of forming in production processes up to hot or cold strip is lower than in the production of slabs or thin slabs.
The density of shrinkage porosity in belt-cast high-manganese steel (HMnS) will be determined quantitatively using polished microsections. Following the visualization of the primary cast structure, light microscopic images will be obtained using different tint etches. For the evaluation of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), internally developed software based on ImageJ and Matlab will be used.
Review on Self-Healing Thermal Barrier Coatings for Space Applications
Authors: Manikandan S. G. K. , Kamaraj M. , Jebasihamony C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demand for reusable space transportation systems is increasing, which leads to the need for higher-performance, reliable rocket engines at the lowest possible cost. The steep thermal gradient in the combustion chamber of rocket engines is catered by certain cooling mechanisms. In the case of reusable rocket engines, a progressive deformation and thinning of the cooling passage wall during engine operation is encountered because of the plastic ratcheting after numerous thermal cycles. This phenomenon may lead to the catastrophic failure of the engine when in operation and it also limits the number of operation cycles, adding cost. Thermal barrier coating (TBC) was successfully employed initially, and the functionally graded coatings were subsequently employed. However, the spallation of TBCs exists upon repeated thermal cycles. It is felt as necessary to induct the self-healing concept in such applications to enhance the number of thermal cycles. Various researchers have investigated crack-healing behavior of ceramic materials in recent years. This article provides a comprehensive analysis on the findings in the self-healing TBC and discusses future perspectives in this research area. This article mainly focusses on self-healing systems based on molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2)/MoSi2(B) with yttria partially stabilized zirconia and MCrAlY. In addition, the isothermal kinetics of MoSi2/MoSi2B and the formation of zircon are also discussed. The methodology of encapsulating the self-healing particles in order to avoid premature oxidation of MoSi2 self-healing particles is also discussed.
Bilateral adrenal masses due to tuberculosis: how to diagnose without extra-adrenal tuberculosis
Authors: Tran Nam Quang , Phan Chien Cong , Doan Thao Thi Phuong , Tran Thang Viet 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Primary adrenal insufficiency is a rare disease and can masquerade as other conditions; therefore, it is sometimes incorrectly diagnosed. Herein, we reported the case of a 39-year-old Vietnamese male with primary adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral adrenal tuberculosis. The patient presented to the emergency room with acute adrenal crisis and a 3-day history of nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and diarrhoea with a background of 6 months of fatigue, weight loss, and anorexia. Abdominal CT revealed bilateral adrenal masses. Biochemically, unequivocal low morning plasma cortisol (<83 nmol/L) and high plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were consistent with primary adrenal insufficiency. There was no evidence of malignancy or lymphoma. As the patient was from a tuberculosis-endemic area, extra-adrenal tuberculosis was excluded during the work up. A retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed, and tuberculous adrenalitis was confirmed by the histopathological results. The patient was started on antituberculous therapy, in addition to glucocorticoid replacement. In conclusion, even without evidence of extra-adrenal tuberculosis, a diagnosis of bilateral adrenal tuberculosis is required. A histopathological examination has a significant role along with clinical judgement and hormonal workup in establishing a definitive diagnosis of adrenal tuberculosis without evidence of active extra-adrenal involvement.

Learning points

Primary adrenal insufficiency can be misdiagnosed as other mimicking diseases, such as gastrointestinal illness, leading to diagnostic pitfalls.

Adrenal insufficiency can be confirmed with significantly low morning plasma cortisol levels of <83 nmol/L without a dynamic short cosyntropin stimulation test.

Tuberculous adrenalitis is an uncommon treatable condition; however, it remains an important cause of primary adrenal insufficiency, especially in developing countries. In the absence of extra-adrenal involvement, adrenal biopsy plays a key role in the diagnostic process. Alternatively, adrenalectomy for histopathological purposes should be considered if CT scan-guided fine needle aspiration is infeasible in cases of small adrenal masses.
Zasady udzielania i korzystania z urlopu bezpłatnego
Authors: Majchrzak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu analizę przepisów prawa pracy dotyczących problematyki pracowniczych urlopów bezpłatnych. Urlop bezpłatny stanowi przerwę w obowiązku świadczenia pracy. Podczas urlopu bezpłatnego stosunek pracy nie ustaje, ulega jednak zawieszeniu, a pracownikowi nie przysługuje prawo do wynagrodzenia.
Urlop ten jest udzielany na wniosek pracownika. Pracodawca może odmówić udzielenia urlopu. Okres trwania urlopu bezpłatnego nie jest ustawowo limitowany, jest on uzależniony od zgodnej woli pracownika i pracodawcy. Za porozumieniem stron urlop może być przedłużony lub skrócony. Co do zasady, urlopu bezpłatnego nie wlicza się do okresu pracy, od którego zależą uprawnienia i świadczenia pracownicze. W okresie przebywania na urlopie bezpłatnym pracownik podlega szczególnej ochronie przed wypowiedzeniem stosunku pracy przez pracodawcę.
Niewykonanie kary ograniczenia wolności a zastępcza kara pozbawienia wolności
Authors: Mucha Dariusz 
Published: December 2021

Artykuł odnosi się do ostatniego etapu wykonawczego kary ograniczenia wolności w przypadku jej niewykonania przez skazanego na nią sprawcę przestępstwa w kontekście orzeczenia wobec niego zastępczej kary pozbawienia wolności. Autor dokonuje analizy i oceny zakończenia postępowania w zakresie kary ograniczenia wolności na skutek orzeczenia i wykonania kary zastępczej z uwagi na niepozytywne zakończenie wykonania kary ograniczenia wolności przez skazanych. W szczególności omawia jako najdalej idące alternatywne prawnie dopuszczalne rozwiązanie modyfikujące rodzaj orzeczonej pierwotnie kary i jej wymiar wymierzonej w orzeczeniu końcowym, wobec określonego sprawcy czynu zabronionego. Autor dokonuje analizy i oceny aktualnego stanu prawnego, podkreślając związane z nim niedopatrzenia i wątpliwości w ujęciu praktycznym, odnosząc je do uprawnień sądu i stron postępowania wykonawczego.
Methodological provision of diagnosis in the formation of the mechanism of economic security in the publishing industry
Authors: Bilakh I. В. 
Published: December 2021

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of providing diagnosis in the formation of the mechanism of economic security in the publishing industry. The tools of the diagnostic function in the formation of the mechanism of economic security in the publishing industry are studied. The stages of realization of the estimating function of diagnosing at formation of the mechanism of economic safety in the publishing branch are offered. The basic characteristic features of methodical maintenance of diagnosing at formation of the mechanism of economic safety in publishing are defined. The stages of realization of the recommendatory function of diagnosing at formation of the mechanism of economic safety in publishing are substantiated. Elements of diagnosing economic security of the publishing industry are determined. A model of diagnostics in the process of forming the mechanism of economic security of the publishing industry has been developed.
The methodical support of diagnosing within the procedure of formation of the mechanism of economic security in the publishing branch is offered, which takes into account the synthesized elements focused on knowledge of financial, economic and social threats in the intra-industry environment for detection of pathological changes in the publishing branch. the impact of factors on sectoral economic security. The complex nature of diagnostics in the formation of the mechanism of economic security in the publishing industry allows us to trace the dynamics of controlled and uncontrolled factors, intra-industry processes and phenomena in the relationship, give them an objective and unbiased assessment, explore direct and inverse relationships between factors, processes, phenomena and elements that affect the economic security of the publishing industry. It is proved that diagnostics is a part or function of the process of forming the mechanism of economic security of the publishing industry, it is a methodical tool for establishing the nature and scale of the influence of controlled and uncontrolled factors on the intra-industry economic system. Diagnosis in the process of forming a mechanism of economic security in the publishing industry should provide a preliminary assessment of the development of relevant processes, phenomena and events, which is based on information about their actual state and affect economic security in the intra-industry environment.
Case Studies Assessment Report
Authors: Herrera Daniel , Haas Franziska , Troi Alexandra , Leijonhufvud Gustaf , Broström Tor , Rieser Alexander , Rose Jørgen , Hüttler Walter , Kuchar Susanne 
Published: December 2021

One of the main targets of SHC Task 59 is to provide a solid knowledge base on deep renovation of historic buildings. The Historic Building Energy Retrofit Atlas (HiBERatlas, www.hiberatlas.com) provides a bestpractice database of exemplary energy efficient interventions in historic buildings. The database presents bestpractice examples of how a historic building can be renovated to achieve high levels of energy efficiency while respecting and protecting its heritage significance.
Spectral sky models for advanced daylight simulations
Authors: Diakite-Kortlever Aicha , Balakrishnan Priji , Darula Stanislav , Geisler-Moroder David , Jakubiec Alstan , Knoop Martine , Luo Tao , Seckmeyer Gunther , Tobar Mario , Wang Taoning , Ward Gregory J. , Wienold Jan 
Published: December 2021

Lighting accounts for approximately 15 % of the global electric energy consumption and 5 % of greenhouse gas emissions. Growing economies, higher user demands for quality lighting and rebound effects as a result of low priced and more versatile electric lighting continuously still lead to an absolute increase of lighting energy consumption. More light is used, often less consciously.
Periodismo, experticia y toma de decisiones técnicas
Authors: Irarrázabal Elliott Manuela 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo aborda el problema del falso balance en la prensa, en el contexto de la toma de decisiones técnicas —aquellas en que la ciencia se interseca con el dominio político porque los temas en cuestión son relevantes para toda la población—. El objetivo es enmarcar el problema en un contexto amplio, la sociología de las ciencias, que satisfaga la necesidad de reconocer los compromisos democráticos del periodismo y la importancia de comunicar los avances tecnológicos eficazmente y enfrentar la desinformación. La metodología consiste en un análisis conceptual, anclado en casos recientes de falso balance: cambio climático y vacunas. Se concluye que las categorías conceptuales propuestas por la teoría ayudan al periodismo a reconquistar un espacio de credibilidad en que se legitimen tanto la experticia como la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones técnicas, sin por ello difuminar la distinción entre la persona lega y la experta.
Analisis Berpikir Siswa Level Van Hiele dalam Memecahkan Masalah Segiempat Berdasarkan Langkah Polya
Authors: Robbana Atik , Sunardi Sunardi , Yudianto Erfan , Windasari Rachma 
Published: December 2021

This study aims to describe student’s level thinking of understanding geometry according to van Hiele’s theory (informal deduction, deduction, and rigor) in solving of a quadrilateral problems based on Polya’s steps. The subjects of the study were 3 students Olympiad of SMPN 2 Jember, each of them have the level in informal deduction, deduction, and rigor. These students were given tests of geometry problem test at beginning and then proceeded to interview. The descriptive qualitative research was used in this study. The results showed that the subjects are able to fulfill all of the indicators according to their level in the step of understanding the problem and make arrangements. In part of carry out the plan, a student with informal deduction level is not able to solve the three indicators and a student with deduction levels is not able to solve one of the indicators, whereas the rigor’s student is not to able accomplish two indicators according to the levels. In step of looking back, a student with informal deduction level and a student with deduction level are not capable to solve the whole of indicators, however the rigor’s student is not able to accomplish two indicators according to the levels.
FORMATION OF CRUSHING ZONE AT THE LEVEL OF TAMPING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MASS EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Kravets Viktor , Shukurov А. , Marchuk Аndrii , Sagalo B. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the work is to study the sequence of formation of the fracture zone in the area of the array above the ends of the system of adjacent charges in connection with the technological parameters of their mutual location. The task of works is the analytically substantiate the dependence of the value of the undamaged area of the array at the level of the bottomhole on the parameters of the system of downhole charges, taking into account the phenomenon of the edge effect.
Research results. Data on the dimentions of the part of the massif in the lborewhole that does not participate in the mass deformation motion of the rock during the formation of adjacent downhole funnels are obtained. It is assumed that this area between adjacent charges is the source of the oversized fraction.
Originality. The process of formation of the destroyed zone in space above the end of the boreholeis considered step by step: generation of the shock wave front, the symmetry of which is close to spherical, formation of the loosenning funnel system in the second stage, which does not adjacent charges of the total front of the stress wave from the explosion of downhole charges detonated from their bottom. Behind him moves the deformation front of a complex structure. It is assumed that this front in the system of two adjacent charges acquires a shape similar to a vertical wedge inverted by the base towards the free surface. The expected result of such a step-by-step deformation process is the desired degree of crushing of the rock mass at the level of the tamping.
Conclusions and practical implications. Theoretically and calculatedly obtained and recommended rational parameters of the location of the system of well charges of limited length to reduce the size of the non-destructive region of the rock mass at the level of the tamping, which improves the design of mass explosions in mountain slopes.