bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of laparoscopy on emergency surgery for adhesional small bowel obstruction: prospective single centre cohort study
Authors: Darbyshire AR , Kostakis I , Pucher PH , Toh SKC , Mercer SJ 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Laparoscopic adhesiolysis is increasingly being used to treat adhesional small bowel obstruction (ASBO) as it has been associated with reduced postoperative length of stay (LOS) and faster recovery. However, concerns regarding limited working space, iatrogenic bowel injury and failure to relieve the obstruction have limited its uptake. This study reports our centre’s experience of adopting laparoscopy as the standard operative approach. Methods A single-centre prospective cohort study was performed incorporating local data from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Database; January 2015 to December 2019. All patients undergoing surgery for ASBO were included. Patient demographic, operative and inhospital outcomes data were compared between different surgical approaches. Linear regression analysis was performed for LOS. Results A total of 299 cases were identified. Overall, 76.3% of cases were started laparoscopically and 52.2% were completed successfully. Patients treated laparoscopically had lower Portsmouth – Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enuMeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) predicted mortality (median 2.1 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.3–5.0) vs 5.7 (IQR 2.0–12.4), p=<0.001) and shorter postoperative LOS compared with open (median 4.2 days (IQR 2.5–8.2) vs 11.3 days (IQR 7.3–16.6), p=0.000). Inhospital mortality was lower in the laparoscopic group (2 vs 7 deaths, p=<0.001). In regression analysis, laparoscopic surgery was found to have the strongest association with postoperative LOS (β −8.51 (−13.87 to −3.16) p=0.002) compared with open surgery. Conclusions Laparoscopy is a safe and feasible approach for adhesiolysis in the majority of patients with ASBO. It is associated with reduced LOS with no impact on complications or mortality.
Diversion, resection, or stenting as a bridge to surgery for acute neoplastic left-sided colonic obstruction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies with curative intent
Authors: Gavriilidis P , de’Angelis N , Wheeler J , Askari A , Di Saverio S , Davies JR 
Published: March 2021

Introduction The debate on the best surgical management strategy for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction is ongoing. Decompressing colostomy (DC) and stenting as a bridge to surgery (SBTS) are the currently proposed alternative approaches to emergency colectomy (EC). However, the results of a traditional meta-analysis were inconclusive. Therefore, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the three approaches for acute left-sided colonic obstruction. Methods A systematic literature search of Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library was performed. A traditional meta-analysis and subsequent NMA were conducted. Findings A significantly greater number of primary anastomoses were performed in the DC cohort than in the EC and SBTS cohorts. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the DC cohort than in the EC and SBTS cohorts. Higher costs were associated with the SBTS cohort (by US$2,000) than with the EC cohort. The locoregional recurrence rate was higher for the SBTS cohort than for the EC cohort. Conclusions Evidence from the first NMA suggests there may be some clinical advantages associated with DC as an alternative approach to the EC and SBTS approaches for adequately selected patients with malignant large bowel obstruction.
Electro-optic comb pumped optical parametric oscillator with flexible repetition rate at GHz level
Authors: Ye Hanyu , Freysz Valerian , Bello-Doua Ramatou , Pontagnier Lilia , Santarelli Giorgio , Cormier Eric , Freysz Eric 
Published: March 2021

We present a gigahertz (GHz)-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by an electro-optic comb at 1.03 µm, delivering sub-picosecond signal pulses across 1.5–1.7 µm from a MgO-doped periodically poled

L
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O

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crystal. Using a pump power of 5 W at 14.2 GHz repetition rate, 378 mW of signal power is obtained at 1.52 µm from a subharmonic cavity, corresponding to a signal extraction efficiency of 7.6%. By cascading a Mach–Zehnder modulator, the pump pulse repetition rate can be divided by any integer number from one to 14, allowing the OPO to operate with a flexible repetition rate from 1 to 14.2 GHz. A strategy leading to quasi-continuous repetition rate tunability of the OPO is also discussed.
Impact of different dietary fat sources on blood pressure in Chinese adults
Authors: Liu Qiaoling 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between the source of dietary fat and blood pressure for Chinese people aged between 30–59 with the aim of elucidating methods of hypertension prevention.DesignProspective cohort study using national survey data.Participants1,104 adults aged between 30–59 with normal blood pressures in 2006 were included in the study. Adults with history of prehypertension, hypertension, or were taking hypertension drugs in 2006 were excluded. Participants with implausibly high or low daily total energy intakes (<600 kcal/d or >5000 kcal/d) were excluded. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and people with motor impairment were excluded.ResultsPeople with abnormal blood pressure ingested a lower percent of dietary fat taken from seafood (P< 0.001) and a higher percent of dietary fat taken from fast food (P< 0.001). Dietary fat obtained from seafood and dairy products can be protective against abnormal blood pressure with a RR = 0.01 (95% CI: 0.001 to 0.25;P= 0.004) for seafood, and RR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.44;P= 0.001) for egg, milk, and dairy products.ConclusionSeafood, egg, milk, and dairy products can be recommended as sources of dietary fat to reduce the incidence of hypertension and prehypertension while fast food should be avoided.
Dressed in Dreams: A Black Girl’s Love Letter to the Power of Fashion, Tanisha C. Ford (2019)
Authors: Lenoir Lisa D. 
Published: March 2021

Review of: Dressed in Dreams: A Black Girl’s Love Letter to the Power of Fashion, Tanisha C. Ford (2019)
New York: St Martin’s Press, 256 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-25017-353-9, h/bk, $27.99
El bienestar de los universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
Authors: Gil Villa Fernando , Urchaga Litago José David , Sánchez Fernández Adrián 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los hábitos de los estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento que se produjo entre marzo y mayo de 2020 en relación al bienestar y el uso del tiempo libre. Para ello se han entrevistado a 911 de 43 universidades españolas entre mayo y junio del mismo año.
El sentimiento vital tira a la baja. La tristeza y la ansiedad parece haber hecho más mella en las mujeres. Aquellos que se han pasado el confinamiento en las grandes ciudades confiesan un mayor sentimiento de soledad. El consumo de alcohol más popular no parece haberse disparado durante la cuarentena –menos de un 10% la habría consumido casi a diario o a diario-. Tampoco el tabaco –el 82,2% no fuma- o el cannabis –el 92,3% afirma no haberlo probado durante este periodo-.
El 69,7% ha leído un solo libro o ninguno. Como media, han visto 13,4 horas de series o películas a la carta, frente a 5 horas de informativos. De los datos se podría deducir cierta asociación, en la línea de otros estudios, entre el mayor consumo de alcohol y el mayor visionado de series. Quienes prefieren el género de “animación” parecen temer menos al virus que los que prefieren los documentales.
Job, career or calling: a qualitative exploration of the meaning of work among Brazilian undergraduate architecture students
Authors: Grillo Pedro Moreira , Almeira Daniel Pereira de , Silva Édison Renato Pereira da 
Published: March 2021

Goal: To explore the relationship between different motivations and expectations and attributed meanings of work: as a job, career or calling.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A survey with 82 undergraduate architecture and urbanism students was carried out, using with two seminal meaning of work questionnaires. Results were analyzed qualitatively.
Results: (i) It is viable to analyze work as a job, career or calling; (ii) most of the interviewees (90%) faces work as something more than a job; (iii) It was shown that each subgroup has different motivations; (iv) It was also demonstrated that this subject is perceived as of great relevance for young people.
Limitations of the investigation: Samples (size and subgroup) and qualitative analyses of the results were the major limitations. Therefore, bigger samples and different interviewees could increase validity of results.
Practical implications: For organizations, the human resources department could add strategies about work perception on the employee hiring process. For individuals, the awareness of multiple meanings of work could be helpful in changing personal insights that influence careers and wellness.
Originality / Value: The paper brings unprecedent approach and has some contributions to the field, such as: questionnaires translations and their use combined for the first time, besides the sample choice, which has also never been addressed before with this approach.
Ageism and perceptions of vulnerability: Framing of Age during the during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schnell Frauke , McConatha Jasmin Tahmaseb , Magnarelli Jaqueline , Broussard Jordan 
Published: March 2021

Media representations of the Covid-19 pandemic and its devastating consequences have shaped people’s fears, anxiety, and perceptions of vulnerability. Social scientists have examined the consequences of how information is “framed.” Framing theory asserts that issues can be portrayed differently by emphasizing or de-emphasizing aspects and information. According to Lakoff (2004) the impact of a message is not based on what is said but how it is said. Theories of framing focus on how the media frames issues, which then structure and shape attitudes and policies. A news article serves as a frame for an intended message. This paper examines the ways that “age” has been framed during the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the most dominant frames in terms of COVID-19 coverage is how the pandemic has been analyzed through the lens of age and framed in terms of age discrimination. The results of news articles appearing in several prominent newspapers indicate that the perceptions of elders and their vulnerabilities to severe consequences from Covid-19 are likely to help perpetuate or create age discrimination.
Emotion recognition using time–frequency ridges of EEG signals based on multivariate synchrosqueezing transform
Authors: Mert Ahmet , Celik Hasan Huseyin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The feasibility of using time–frequency (TF) ridges estimation is investigated on multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for emotional recognition. Without decreasing accuracy rate of the valence/arousal recognition, the informative component extraction with low computational cost will be examined using multivariate ridge estimation. The advanced TF representation technique called multivariate synchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is used to obtain well-localized components of multi-channel EEG signals. Maximum-energy components in the 2D TF distribution are determined using TF-ridges estimation to extract instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, respectively. The statistical values of the estimated ridges are used as a feature vector to the inputs of machine learning algorithms. Thus, component information in multi-channel EEG signals can be captured and compressed into low dimensional space for emotion recognition. Mean and variance values of the five maximum-energy ridges in the MSST based TF distribution are adopted as feature vector. Properties of five TF-ridges in frequency and energy plane (e.g., mean frequency, frequency deviation, mean energy, and energy deviation over time) are computed to obtain 20-dimensional feature space. The proposed method is performed on the DEAP emotional EEG recordings for benchmarking, and the recognition rates are yielded up to 71.55, and 70.02% for high/low arousal, and high/low valence, respectively.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on volatile products from hazelnut shells: products characteristics and antioxidant activity assessment of liquid products
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Xing Yupeng , Lv Wei , Chen Juhui , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Aihui , Liu Xianli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is being considered to pyrolyze lignin-rich biomass samples (hazelnut shells, HSs) into bio-fuels and chemicals to solve energy shortages and environmental concerns, volatile products (including liquid products and gas products) were produced and characterized from HSs pyrolysis at 400–1000 °C. With the temperature increases, the maximum output of liquid products was up to 35.79% produced at 700 °C, gas products yields increased from 21.82 to 55.46%. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) study indicated that liquid products from HSs riched in phenolic compounds, exceed 42% of liquid products and increased as the temperature rises. The application experiment showed that HSs liquid products had a significant role in antioxidant activity, and revealed that not limited to phenols, all compounds containing phenolic hydroxyl structure act as antioxidant. Composition analysis of gas products showed that more combustible gases were produced at the higher temperature, resulted in the significant increase in gas products higher heating value (HHV) from 6.21 to 24.36 MJ/kg.
CFD-DEM simulation of particle coating process coupled with chemical reaction flow model
Authors: Chen Meng , Chen Zhao , Tang Yaping , Liu Malin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Particle coating process, one of the main methods to improve the particle properties, is widely used in industrial production and pharmaceutical industry. For the scale up and optimization of this process, a mechanistic and detailed study is needed or numerical simulation as an alternative way. Decomposition of substances usually involves multiple chemical reactions and produces multiple substances in the actual chemical reaction. In the study, a chemical reaction flow (CRF) model has been established based on kinetic mechanism of elementary reaction, the theory of molecular thermodynamics and the sweep theory. It was established with the comprehensive consideration of the decomposition of substances, deposition process, adhesion process, desorption process, hydrogen inhibition, and clearance effect. Then the CFD-DEM model was coupled with CRF model to simulate particle coating process by FB-CVD method, and the CFD-DEM-CRF coupling model was implemented in the software Fluent-EDEM with their user definition function (UDF) and application programming interface (API). The coating process in the spouted bed was analyzed in detail and the coating behavior under different conditions were compared at the aspects of CVD rate, coating efficiency, particle concentration distribution, particle mixing index and gas concentration distribution. It is found that the average CVD rate is 6.06 × 10−4 mg/s when the inlet gas velocity is 11 m/s and bed temperature is 1273 K, and simulation result agrees with the experimental result well. Average CVD rate and coating efficiency increase with temperature increasing, but decrease acutely with mass fraction of injected hydrogen increasing. The CFD-DEM-CRF coupling model can be developed as a basic model for investigating particle coating process in detail and depth and can provide some guidance for the operating conditions and parameters design of the spouted bed in the real coating process.
Numerical study of gas–liquid two-phase flow and noise characteristics for a water injection launching concentric canister launcher
Authors: Zou Huajie , Yang Fengbo , Cai Fuhai , Shi Qiongyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In view of the poor thermodynamic environment problem of the self-powered launch of land-based concentric canister launcher (CCL), the launching scheme of injecting water at the bottom of launching tube is adopted to improve the thermodynamic environment of the launching system fundamentally. The solution program for liquid water vaporization is compiled and embedded into the homogeneous gas–liquid two-phase flow model, the source phase corrections of the momentum equation and the energy equation are also performed, and then the three-dimensional gas–liquid two-phase fluid dynamics model is established for the land-based CCL; analysis shows that the improvement of the thermal environment of the 35° and 45° water injection schemes is more better among these schemes. So coupling the mixture model, vaporization program and FW–H (Ffowcs Williams Hawkings) noise model, the noise distribution law in the bottom of the launcher cube for 35 and 45 water injection angles is discussed; in the intermediate frequency range, the −45° water injection scheme is about 2–10 dB higher than the noise signal of the −30° water injection scheme. Finally, it is recommended to optimize the overall thermal environment of the CCL by using the −30° preferred water injection scheme with both cooling effect and noise control.
Mechanical, Interfacial and Thermal Properties of Silica Aerogel-Infused Flax/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Shahroze R. M. , Chandrasekar M. , Senthilkumar K. , Senthil Muthu Kumar T. , Ishak M. R. , Rajini N. , Siengchin Suchart , Ismail S. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The mechanical, interfacial and thermal properties of a flax/ epoxy composite incorporated with a silica aerogel (SA) at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% were examined in this work. A set of maximum enhancements of 8.7%, 9.0% and 24.0% in the impact, inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) and compressive strengths were achieved by adding 0.5 wt.% SA into the flax/epoxy composites. Also, the results obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the damping characteristics, peak tan delta and peak loss modulus improved at all filler concentrations, while the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased slightly. Features of SA such as biodegradability, ability to improve the mechanical properties as observed in this work and enhanced damping characteristics make them suitable for application in machine parts requiring impact resistance and vibration damping characteristics.
Research and application progress of lignin-based composite membrane
Authors: Li Youjing , Li Fen , Yang Ying , Ge Baocai , Meng Fanzhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In view of the serious environmental pollution, which is the greatest problem the world is facing, and the continuous consumption of raw materials, it is imminent to search for green and sustainable resources. Lignin is an organic polymer that exists widely in nature, and if it can be transformed from traditional low-value waste product with low range of applications to functional materials with high application prospects, it can be of great significance to alleviate environmental pollution and shortage of fossil resources. One of the functional applications of lignin involves its use to fabricate composite with other polymeric materials, which can then be used to prepare membrane materials. This review summarizes the recent research and application progress of combining lignin with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose, chitosan, and other polymeric materials to prepare composite membranes; and summarizes the future development direction of lignin-based composite membranes. We hope this review may provide a new perspective to the understanding of lignin-based composite membranes and a useful reference for future research.
Fever of unknown origin as the major manifestation of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Housin Ahmad , Pusztaszeri Marc P , Tamilia Michael 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Fever of unknown origin is a commonly encountered medical problem. Most common causes include infections, malignancy, and connective tissue diseases. Endocrine causes are rare but are well documented. While fever is common in some endocrine disorders, fever of unknown origin as the sole presenting feature is very rare. We describe a case report of a 63-year-old male who presents with fever of unknown origin. Imaging and biopsy results confirmed the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. He was started on prednisone with a good response. We conclude that subacute thyroiditis should be considered in the work up of fever of unknown origin even in the absence of classical signs and symptoms.

Learning points:

Fever of unknown origin is a rare sole presentation of subacute thyroiditis.

The classic signs and symptoms may not be manifest at the time of presentation.

Normal thyroid function tests and elevated markers of inflammation often make infections, malignancy and autoinflammatory conditions the prime consideration.

Imaging of the thyroid gland may point to a morphologic aberration and prompt a thyroid biopsy.

After exclusion of infection, a rapid response to steroids may be both diagnostic and therapeutic.
Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain. Literature Review and Clinical Case Treated with Intraoral Application of Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Cervantes-Chavarría Andrés R. 
Published: March 2021

Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain (PIDAP) is an orofacial neuropathic pain, which can be difficult to diagnose and is usually accompanied by increasing anxiety from both the patient and the treating dentist. A case of a 38-year-old female patient is presented, and it is shown the diagnostic process and therapeutic approach. The interdisciplinary management accompanied by several pharmacological lines is highlighted: Botulinum toxin was used as an adjunctive treatment allowing it to decrease systemically administered medications dosing and therefore its possible side effects. This condition usually affects psychosocial aspects of the patient and has a major impact on his quality of life. It is very important before initiating an invasive clinical treatment, obtaining a clear differential diagnosis and assessing in some cases the presence of non-odontogenic pain, such as PIDAP.
Gradient and lamellar heterostructures for superior mechanical properties
Authors: Wu Xiaolei , Zhu Yuntian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterostructured (HS) materials are a novel class of materials with mechanical properties that are superior over their conventional homogeneous counterparts. They are composed of HS zones with a dramatic difference in mechanical behaviors, which produces a synergistic effect on mechanical properties that are above the prediction by the rule-of-mixtures. Among all heterostructures, the two most studied are grain-size gradient structure and heterolamellar structure. These two heterostructures produce typical heterogeneous deformation during tensile deformation, producing long-range back stress in the soft zones and forward stress in the hard zones, which collectively produces hetero deformation-induced (HDI) stress to enhance the yield strength before yielding, and HDI hardening after yielding to retain ductility. In this article, we will focus on these two types of heterostructures. The issues, concerns, and progress are reviewed with the emphasis on the synergistic effect of mechanical properties, the fundamentals of several special plastic behaviors (e.g., strain gradient, HDI hardening and strain hardening), the plastic deformation mechanism, and the relationship between the microstructure and properties.