bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High FGF‐21 level in a cohort of 22 patients with Dravet Syndrome—Possible relationship with the disease outcomes
Authors: Kwong Anna Ka‐Yee , Wong Virginia Chun‐Nei , Wong Sheila Suet‐Na , Chu Vanessa Loi‐Yan , Koene Saskia , Smeitink Jan , Fung Cheuk‐Wing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a severe and intractable form of epilepsy with prolonged seizures which may evolve to other seizure types and associated with mild‐to‐severe intellectual disabilities. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) is a stress hormone mediating metabolic and oxidative stress and circulating level of FGF‐21 had been shown to increase in some patients with impairment of oxidative phosphorylation in muscles. In DS, FGF‐21 is of interest for further study as mitochondrial oxidative stress was identified previously in patients.MethodsPlasma FGF‐21 levels were compared between 22 DS patients and 22 normal controls, and their clinical characteristics of DS patients at the time of plasma sampling were studied retrospectively. Besides, the relationships of FGF‐21 level with intellectual development, seizure frequency, valproate treatment, and types of SCN1A mutations were analyzed. Logarithmic transformation of FGF‐21 levels was performed before comparison and statistical analysis.ResultsMean of log10 FGF‐21 level was significantly higher in DS patients when comparing with normal controls (P = .0042). Mean of log10 FGF‐21 level was significantly higher in DS patients with normal‐to‐mild ID versus mild‐to‐severe ID (P = .0193) and with valproate treatment versus without valproate treatment (P = .015). No significant difference was shown in FGF‐21 level in DS patients with missense versus truncating SCN1A variants, and no correlation could be demonstrated between seizure frequency and FGF‐21 level.SignificanceSignificantly higher level of plasma FGF‐21 was identified in DS patients. The high FGF‐21 levels were shown to be associated with developmental outcome and valproate treatment. These results support further investigation on the relationship of FGF‐21 with the clinical outcomes of DS and other related mechanism which is important for possible therapeutic development for this epileptic encephalopathy.
Chemical Fate and Partitioning Behavior of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment—A Review
Authors: Harrower Jamie , McNaughtan Moyra , Hunter Colin , Hough Rupert , Zhang Zulin , Helwig Karin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a major problem because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The long-term ecological impact on the aquatic environment is unknown. Many sources allow entry of antibiotics into the environment, including wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), agricultural runoff, hospital effluent, and landfill leachate. Concentrations of antibiotics in the aquatic environment vary significantly; studies have shown fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, macrolides, sulfonamides, and penicillins to reach 2900, 1500, 9700, 21 400, and 1600 ng L–1 in wastewater effluent samples, respectively. However, concentrations are highly variable between different countries and depend on several factors including seasonal variation, prescription, and WWTP operating procedures. Likewise, the reported concentrations that cause environmental effects vary greatly between antibiotics, even within the same class; however, this predicted concentration for the antibiotics considered was frequently &lt;1000 ngL–1, indicating that when discharged into the environment along with treated effluent, these antibiotics have a potentially detrimental effect on the environment. Antibiotics are generally quite hydrophilic in nature; however, they can ionize in the aquatic environment to form charged structures, such as cations, zwitterions, and anions. Certain classes, particularly fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, can adsorb onto solid matrices, including soils, sediment, and sludge, making it difficult to fully understand their chemical fate in the aquatic environment. The adsorption coefficient (Kd) varies between different classes of antibiotics, with tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones showing the highest Kd values. The Kd values for fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and sulfonamides have been reported as 54 600, 7600, 130, and 1.37 L kg–1, respectively. Factors such as pH of the environment, solid matrix (sediment/soil sludge), and ionic strength can influence the Kd; therefore, several values exist in literature for the same compound. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3275–3298. © 2021 SETAC
A comprehensive review on blockchain and Internet of Things in healthcare
Authors: Sharma Aashima , Kaur Sanmeet , Singh Maninder 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBlockchain Technology, the fundamental technology behind Bitcoin, has drawn considerable recognition ever since its origin. Its potential has gained significant interest in various applications, varying from the music industry, financial services, Internet‐of‐Things (IoT), smart grid, edge computing, cybersecurity, and the healthcare industry. However, the information is divided amongst several intermediaries involved with adverse impacts on data quality in the healthcare domain. In the near future, blockchain technology can reshape the way the healthcare industry works by providing personalized and reliable patient data management, reforming the traditional healthcare practices, secure mechanisms for data sharing, efficient pharmaceutical supply chain management, and drug traceability and many more. In this study, an extensive literature review has been provided that includes the different prospects of using blockchain technology in healthcare. The review investigates the work done to enable the amalgamation of IoT and Blockchain in the health ecosystem. Significant blockchain‐based healthcare use cases such as data storage, data sharing, drug traceability, clinical trials, and remote patient monitoring are investigated. Further, the Internet of Things and blockchain technology‐based SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis and the challenges linked in the healthcare domain because of the enactment of IoT and blockchain technology are discussed to support advanced studies in this domain.
One hundred years of rare disaster concerns and commodity prices
Authors: Zhang Qunzi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that rare disaster concern, defined as the news‐implied volatility, performs very well at predicting the return of index commodity futures throughout the whole century (1926–2016). This result holds after controlling for the current business cycle conditions, the macroeconomic variables, and the Volatility Index (VIX). We also find that rare disaster concern performs very well at predicting index commodity futures returns out‐of‐sample. The results remain robust while considering different macroeconomic conditions, such as recession (expansion), contango (backwardation), or inflation up (down).
An unusual fusion gene EML4‐ALK in a patient with congenital mesoblastic nephroma
Authors: Misove Adela , Vicha Ales , Zapotocky Michal , Malis Josef , Balko Jan , Nemeckova Tereza , Szabova Jana , Kyncl Martin , Novakova‐Kodetova Daniela , Stolova Lucie , Jencova Pavla , Broz Petr , Krskova Lenka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCongenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), the most common renal tumor of infancy, is a mesenchymal neoplasm histologically classified into classic, cellular, or mixed types. Most cellular CMNs harbor a characteristic ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion. Here, we report an unusual congenital mesoblastic nephroma presenting in a newborn boy with a novel EML4‐ALK gene fusion revealed by Anchored Multiplex RNA Sequencing Assay. The EML4‐ALK gene fusion expands the genetic spectrum implicated in the pathogenesis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma, with yet another example of kinase oncogenic activation through chromosomal rearrangement. The methylation profile of the tumor corresponds with infantile fibrosarcoma showing the biological similarity of these two entities.
A comprehensive review of contemporary strategies and approaches for the treatment of HFC‐134a
Authors: Sheraz Mahshab , Anus Ali , Le Van Cam Thi , Swamidoss Caroline Mercy Andrew , Kim Eui‐kun , Kim Seungdo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis review addresses the treatment methods for 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a) and its significant sources of global emission. HFC‐134a is considered to be one of the most common hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), with high global warming potential (GWP). The primary emission sources of HFC‐134a are its use as a refrigerant, and in the industrial sector, during the manufacturing of foam. International regulations have addressed the concerns related to HFC‐134a treatment technologies, and more stringent guidelines have been introduced. Diverse strategies and treatment technologies are employed for the reduction in emission of HFC‐134a, that is, recovery methods, incineration, plasma treatment, and catalytic decomposition (pyrolysis and hydrolysis) technologies. HFC‐134a decomposition is an important step when coping with climate change. All the methods have shown promising results for HFC‐134a abatement. It would be interesting to utilize these technologies for the production of useful materials.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inappropriate requesting of parathyroid scintigraphy at an academic medical center
Authors: Kimura Brad , Nagelberg Jodi , Koo Sonya J. , Bykowski Julie , Brumund Kevin T. , McCowen Karen C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a biochemical, not radiologic diagnosis. Parathyroid scintigraphy should only be requested for surgical planning, not to confirm diagnosis. Here we determined reasons for inappropriately ordered parathyroid scintigraphy.MethodsWe generated a database of patients undergoing parathyroid scintigraphy over 5 years, who did not undergo parathyroidectomy.ResultsOver 5 years 129 parathyroid scintigraphies (of 308 total scans) were performed in patients who did not undergo parathyroidectomy. We determined that only 58 (45%) had true primary hyperparathyroidism. The most common reason for the scan was to “confirm the diagnosis.” Only 20% were ordered for adenoma localization, although surgery was not performed. Physicians requesting parathyroid scintigraphies specialized in a variety of disciplines.ConclusionForty‐two percent of parathyroid scintigraphies were requested inappropriately to “confirm” a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. We propose to change the ordering system to clarify that parathyroid scintigraphy is a functional tool to optimize surgery when the diagnosis is secure.
Thermal diffusion effect on unsteady MHD free convective flow past an impulsively started but temporarily accelerated semi‐infinite vertical plate with parabolic ramped conditions
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Sarma Subhrajit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the problem of a free convective MHD flow of incompressible, electrically conducting, and viscous fluid past an impulsively started semi‐infinite moving vertical plate. The fluid is considered to be non‐gray and optically thick. The parabolic ramped temperature of the plate and thermodiffusion effect are also taken into account. A magnetic field having uniform strength is applied in the transverse direction to the fluid velocity. Solutions of dimensionless governing partial differential equations are attained on the adoption of the closed‐form Laplace transformation technique. Effects of different flow parameters on the velocity field, temperature field, concentration field, Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood Number are discussed graphically. It is noticed that fluid concentration, temperature, and velocity decline considerably for ascending values of Prandtl Number. Increasing Ramped parameter hikes the Nusselt number and Sherwood Number but declines skin friction.
Comparing the wound healing effect of a controlled release wound dressing containing curcumin/ciprofloxacin and simvastatin/ciprofloxacin in a rat model: A preclinical study
Authors: Heydari Parisa , Zargar Kharazi Anosheh , Asgary Seddigheh , Parham Shokoh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInflammation and infection are two main factors predisposing a wound to become a chronic one. Degradable wound dressings involving the controlled release of suitable drugs at the ulcer site are one of the solutions to make wounds healing progress smoothly and rapidly. In this research, biodegradable dressings made of polyglycerol sebacate/polycaprolactone (PGS/PCL) containing curcumin/ciprofloxacin (CUR/CIP) and simvastatin/ciprofloxacin (SIM/CIP) were prepared by using the coaxial electrospinning method. Transmission electron microscopy for uniform core/shell structure, swelling ratio, and drug release pattern of the wound dressings were evaluated. At the in vivo study, histometric, histopathologic, and collagen expression study was performed. The PGS/PCL samples containing SIM/CIP showed a burst release pattern of CIP with a delay in the release of SIM; meanwhile, in the samples containing CUR/CIP, both drugs showed a burst release behavior. No cytotoxicity response was observed in the study groups. The in vivo study showed that wound closure was almost completed only in the SIM/CIP group after 14 days. After 14 days, in the wound treated with SIM/CIP dressing, the amount of collagen deposition and angiogenesis was higher than that of the others. These results clearly showed the effect of SIM/CIP on the improvement of the wound healing efficiency in the long term (14 days) and the effect of CUR/CIP on wound contraction in the short term (4 day). It seems, therefore, that the use of SIM and CUR simultaneously in a wound dressing could cause a synergistic effect in the wound repair.
14‐3‐3β isoform is specifically acetylated at Lys51 during differentiation to the osteogenic lineage
Authors: Frontini‐López Yesica R. , Gojanovich Aldana D. , Del Veliz Samanta , Uhart Marina , Bustos Diego M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 protein family binds and regulates hundreds of serine/threonine phosphorylated proteins as an essential component of many signaling networks. Specific biological functions are currently been discovered for each of its seven isoforms in mammals. These proteins have been traditionally considered unregulated; however, its acetylation in an essential lysine residue, causing its inactivation, was recently published. Here, we studied the acetylation state of this lysine 49/51 during the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells. We found that during this process, the levels of 14‐3‐3β (but not its isoform 14‐3‐3γ) acK49/51 increase, representing the first report linking this PTM to a specific isoform and a cellular process. Our results suggested that this posttranslational modification could be catalyzed by the HBO1 acetyltransferase, as overexpression of HBO1 increased specifically 14‐3‐3 acK49/51 acetylation. Acetylated 14‐3‐3 proteins are located primarily in the nucleus, where their active state has been described to bind H3 histones and many transcription factors. The inhibition of the expression of different isoforms showed that the specific silencing of the 14‐3‐3β gene, but not γ, increased significantly the osteogenic potential of the cells. This result correlated to the increase in acetylation of 14‐3‐ 3β Lys 49/51 during osteogenesis. The possible role of this PTM in osteogenesis is discussed.
Emerging roles of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) in human disease
Authors: Dharmalingam Prakash , Mahalingam Rajasekaran , Yalamanchili Hari Krishna , Weng Tingting , Karmouty‐Quintana Harry , Guha Ashrith , A. Thandavarayan Rajarajan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the messenger RNA (mRNA) maturation process, the 3′‐end of pre‐mRNA is cleaved and a poly(A) sequence is added, this is an important determinant of mRNA stability and its cellular functions. More than 60%–70% of human genes have three or more polyadenylation (APA) sites and can be cleaved at different sites, generating mRNA transcripts of varying lengths. This phenomenon is termed as alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) and it plays role in key biological processes like gene regulation, cell proliferation, senescence, and also in various human diseases. Loss of regulatory microRNA binding sites and interactions with RNA‐binding proteins leading to APA are largely investigated in human diseases. However, the functions of the core APA machinery and related factors during disease conditions remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the roles of polyadenylation machinery in relation to brain disease, cardiac failure, pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, infectious conditions, and other human diseases. Collectively, we believe this review will be a useful avenue for understanding the emerging role of APA in the pathobiology of various human diseases.
Land use change and collaborative manureshed management in New Mexico
Authors: Spiegal Sheri , Williamson Jebediah C. , Flynn K. Colton , Buda Anthony R. , Rotz C. Alan , Kleinman Peter J. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgricultural communities of New Mexico regularly redistribute manure nutrients from dairies to nearby croplands to fulfill agronomic nutrient needs and protect water quality. Yet competition for water resources can result in land use change that affects these cooperative manure transfers. Focusing on three clusters of New Mexico dairy farms and their surrounding lands (three manuresheds), we calculated the magnitude of land use changes in 2008–2019 and the balance between manure nutrient supply and crop demand in 2019 to assess how past change may predict future prospects for sustainable management. The overall magnitude of change was small, with each manureshed experiencing a different complement: an exchange of cropland and rangeland in the Roosevelt manureshed (7,975 ha rangeland to cropland; 7,624 ha cropland to rangeland), a 464‐ha gain in cropland but a 1,187‐ha loss of “spreadable” land (cropland, rangeland, fallow) to developed land in the Doña Ana manureshed, and relatively minor changes in the Chaves manureshed. Nutrient supply and demand were mainly in balance, but a surplus of manure phosphorus (P) in the Chaves manureshed and a thin margin of P assimilation by croplands in the Roosevelt manureshed point to the need for preserving existing croplands and understanding of effects of dairy manure on shortgrass rangeland. Our assessment suggests that an ideal scenario would entail manure being generated in landscapes with portfolios of productive lands that can sustainably use the manure nutrients to minimize environmental quality concerns and agronomic tradeoffs. Coordinated, participatory, and interdisciplinary research and planning are needed.
Maximizing the number of independent sets of fixed size in Kn‐covered graphs
Authors: Wang Anyao , Hou Xinmin , Liu Boyuan , Ma Yue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor some given graph , a graph is called ‐covered if each vertex in is contained in a copy of . In this note, we determine the maximum number of independent sets of size in ‐vertex ‐covered graphs and classify the extremal graphs. The result answers a question proposed by Chakraborti and Loh. The proof uses an edge‐switching operation on hypergraphs which never increases the number of independent sets.
The age of abundant scholarly information and its synthesis– A time when ‘just google it’ is no longer enough
Authors: Gusenbauer Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcademic research has changed in recent years. It has entered the age of abundant scholarly information. New scientometric data shows impressive increases in both the quantity and quality of information researchers produce. Since 2007 about the same number of publications have become accessible on databases as more than the hundred years prior. At the same time, evidence synthesis has become key in making this wealth of information understandable and useful. Researchers need to be increasingly proficient in identifying relevant information – to be able to build on an increasingly comprehensive research base and to adhere to rising standards in evidence synthesis. Both these requirements make a ‘true partnership between librarians and researchers’ in demand like never before.
The Inter‐Rater Reliability of Pediatric Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound Interpretation in Children With Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: DeSanti Ryan L. , Cowan Eileen A. , Kory Pierre D. , Lasarev Michael R. , Schmidt Jessica , Al‐Subu Awni M. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesUse of point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) has increased significantly in pediatrics yet it remains under‐studied in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). No studies explicitly evaluate the reliability of POC‐LUS artifact interpretation among critically ill children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the PICU. We thus designed this study to determine the inter‐rater reliability of POC‐LUS interpretation in pediatric ARF among pediatric intensivists trained in POC‐LUS and an expert intensivist.MethodsWe compared the interpretation of lung sliding, pleural line characteristics, ultrasound artifacts, and POC‐LUS diagnoses among pediatric intensivists and an expert intensivist in a cohort of children admitted to the PICU for ARF. Kappa statistics (k) adjusted for maximum attainable agreement (k/kmax) were used to quantify chance–correct agreement between the pediatric intensivist and expert physician.ResultsWe enrolled 88 patients, evaluating 3 zones per hemithorax (anterior, lateral, and posterior) for lung sliding, pleural line characteristics, ultrasound artifacts, and diagnosis. There was moderate agreement between the PICU intensivist and expert‐derived diagnoses with 56% observed agreement (k/kmax = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.65). Agreement in identification of lung sliding (k = 0.19, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.56) and pleural line characteristics (k = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.40) was slight and fair, respectively, while agreement in the interpretation of ultrasound artifacts ranged from moderate to substantial.ConclusionsEvidence supporting the evaluation of neonatal and adult patients with POC‐LUS should not be extrapolated to critically ill pediatric patients. This study adds to the evidence supporting use of POC‐LUS in the PICU by demonstrating moderate agreement between PICU intensivist and expert‐derived POC‐LUS diagnoses.