bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of urodynamic disorders in women with genitourinary syndrome using a fractional CO2-laser
Authors: Beniuk V.O. , Goncharenko V.M. , Puchko M.S. , Momot A.A. , Kovaliuk T.V. , Polovynka V.O. 
Published: August 2021

This article is devoted to the treatment of urodynamic disorders in women with the genitourinary syndrome by using a fractional CO2-laser. Nowdays, the development of genitourinary syndrome is an urgent problem among women of different ages. Genitourinary disorders are a complex of symptoms associated with the development of atrophic and dystrophic processes in the estrogenic tissues (the urethra, lower third of the uterus, pelvic floor ligaments and muscles). The objective: to determine the pathogenetic effectiveness of CO2 laser in the treatment of urodynamic disorders in premenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome.Materials and methods. The study covered 130 female patients with symptoms of the genitourinary syndrome. The patients were divided into two groups depending on their treatment. The main group consisted of 56 women using CO2 laser therapy. The comparison group consisted of 74 women who were treated with local application of hormone. To assess the efficacy of treatment and the functional status of the lower urinary tract, a comprehensive pre-treatment and post-treatment urodynamic examination were performed.Results. The average age of the patients in the examined groups was 47.2±2.5 years. After the treatment, the urodynamic examination showed an increase of the maximal intraurethral pressure from 16.8±17.9 to 26.7±21.2 mm Hg in the main group (p<0.01). The urethral closure pressure increased from 15.3±13.2 to 26.8±18.5 mm Hg (p<0.01). These changes were found upon examination of the functional length of the urethra, which increased from 2.0±0.3 to 3.0±0.4 cm, and thus reached normative values for healthy women. At the same time, the pre-treatment and post-treatment indicators did not statistically differ in comparison group.Conclusions. The results of the study show that the MonaLisaTouch method of laser fractional ablation of vaginal and vulva epithelium is highly effective compared with local hormonal therapy and can be recommended as a monotherapy for urogenital disorders and pelvic floor dysfunction.
Best Practice versus Reality
Authors: Botcherby Pierre 
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 was repeatedly labelled ‘unprecedented’. In unprecedented times, we rethink conventional wisdoms. This short article explores oral history, an important element of the Then & Now student-led research project explored in this Special Issue, with such rethinking in mind. Then & Now’s alumni interviews had to be conducted remotely but remote oral history interviews are not universally popular. The Oral History Society (OHS) is hesitant and suggested postponing interviews, reflecting best practice concerns about rapport-building, audio quality and archiving, data protection and security, and community building. For groups like the Disability Visibility Project (DVP) and oral historians like Sarah Dziedzic, remote interviewing is the only viable method and ideals of best practice are too rigid. For oral history to uncover the experiences of those disregarded by conventional histories, access to it and its employment as a research tool should be as universal as possible.
This article examines and questions best practice guidelines in light of the pandemic and the experiences of the DVP and historians such as Dziedzic. It draws on personal experience of interviewing and from the Then & Now project. This article argues that oral history, an inherently fieldwork-based activity, needs to take remote interviewing as seriously as face-to-face interviewing to become more widely accessible and sufficiently flexible to adapt to conditions in the field.
Analisa Produksi Panas Radiogenik, Densitas dan Kecepatan Seismik dari Singkapan Batu Granit Panas Bumi Nyelanding, Bangka Selatan
Authors: Siregar Rahmat Nawi , Purba Maria Evalina , Siregar Ahmat Munawir 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of radiogenic heat production, density and seismic velocity of the outcrops of the South Bangka Nyelanding geothermal rock. The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) method is applied to obtain heat-carrying radioactive elements in the form of Uranium, Thorium and Potassium and other oxides which are useful for studying seismic density and velocity. The main oxides used in this study were SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, K2O and P2O5. The results showed that the density increased from the composition of the mineral felsic (acid) - mafic (base). Conclusion, as for the relationship with heat production, the SiO2 and P2O5 elements experienced a significant decrease compared to other oxides. As for seismic velocity, the results show that seismic velocity has a strong correlation with density.
Keywords: Radiogenic Heat Production, Seismic Velocity, Density, Oxides
Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Selvia Dina 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe the motivation to learn physics in class X MIA at SMAN 9 Jambi City. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study were students of class X MIA at SMAN 9 Jambi City. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire on students' motivation to learn physics. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that the motivation to learn physics in class X MIA at SMAN 9 Jambi City on the intrinsic motivation dimension is in the high category with a percentage of 59,80% where students' attitudes are in the frequent category and the extrinsic motivation dimension is in the high category with a percentage of 61,76% where students' attitudes are in the frequent category. Conclusions, that the attitudes of respondents on the intrinsic motivation dimension include indicators of high learning activities tend to be in the occasional category, indicators of perseverance in doing assignments tend to be in the frequent category, and tenacious indicators in facing difficulties tend to be are in the frequent category. In the extrinsic motivation dimension, indicators of the presence of information from teachers tend to be in the always category, indicators of feedback tend to be in the frequent category, and indicators of reinforcement tend to be in the frequent category.
Keywords: Learning Motivation, Physics, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Method
GENERAL THEORY OF CRIMINALISITCS: APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Zhuravel V. 
Published: August 2021

The genesis and current state of scientific approaches to the formation and understanding of criminalistics general theory are outlined. It is noted that the general theory of criminalistics in its development has taken a hard and long way, where we can distinguish the following stages: 1) accumulation of the needed scientific potential in criminalistics; 2) emergence of scientific views as to the need to create a criminalistics general theory; 3) formation and development of scientific ideas on the general theory of criminalistics, its structure, functions, place in the system of criminalistics.
It is emphasized that the general theory of criminalistics, as a system of basic ideas of this branch of knowledge, covering the most complete reflection of the matter of science, its concepts, categories, definitions, methods in certain connections, is constantly developing. The fundamental provisions, which make up the basis of the general theory are being updated and improved. The degree of the general theory formation reflects the current level of the development of criminalistics science itself.
An integral part of the criminalistics general theory, its core are criminalistics doctrines (theories) that precede it or, conversely, are caused by it, and study only a certain range of objective reality patterns which are studied by criminalistics in general. The general theory of criminalistics could be considered as a system of different levels of generalization and direction of criminalistics’ doctrines, which collectively constitute the theoretical-methodological basis of that science. The system of criminalistics’ doctrines (theories) constitutes the content of the criminalistics general theory.
Taking into account the results of the conducted analysis on scientific approaches, it is suggested to distinguish three levels of doctrines in the structure of general theory: 1) criminalistics’ teachings (theories) of scientific-study nature, covering scientific-study issues on an object, subject, methods, area of research, system, nature, conceptual apparatus and categories of criminalistics (the criminalistics language), its inter-scientific relations and place in the system of scientific knowledge, history of development and current state;2) criminalistics teachings (theories) of general scientific nature, which embrace studying the patterns which apply to the entire subject under study, included in it as a whole; 3) criminalistics teachings (theories) of the specific scientific nature, concerning the study of patterns relating to certain aspects of the criminalistics subject, revealing its essence and specificity. The differentiation of criminalistics teachings (theories) into different levels is conditioned primarily by the degree of community of the reflected by them elements of the cognition object, which is introduced by criminalistics itself, or the event of a crime, or crime investigation activities.
CORRELATION AND STRUCTURE OF A FORENSIC TECHNIQUE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE
Authors: Shcherbakovsky M. 
Published: August 2021

A historical analysis of forensic techniques and forensic science emergence as scientific branches is outlined, their interconnection, differences are considered, the subject, object and structure are clarified. It is shown that criminalistics and forensic science are both separate and kindred scientific branches that have common historical roots. The author proves that the development and gradual separation of forensic science from criminalistics did not change the scientific, methodological, didactic foundations and structure of a forensic technique as a component of criminalistics.
The structure of forensic technique and forensic science is suggested. The author presents the forensic technique modern structure in the form of the following sections: physical traces of crimes: types, classification, mechanism of formation; technical and forensic means and methods: classification, functional purpose; organizational and legal foundations of forensic support of offences investigation; means and methods of searching, recording, seizing, packaging and transporting traces of offenses; means and methods of preliminary investigation of offenses’ traces; information and reference support of offenses disclosure and investigation. Forensic science is represented in two parts: “General theory of forensic examination”, which includes theoretical provisions, doctrines inherent in all forensic fields, and “Methodological fundamentals of certain types of forensic examinations”, which are the theoretical basis of certain forensic branches and are used for the development of methods for solving typical forensic tasks.
The close connection and mutual influence of two scientific branches and types of activity are noted. The connection is manifested in the unity of theoretical foundations, methodological approaches to the study of objects and, partially, in the use of technical means. The development of new forensic methods affects the advancement and improvement of technical and forensic means of collecting physical traces of a crime. On the contrary, the emergence of new types of crime traces necessitates the creation of appropriate typical forensic research methods.
ON THE ISSUE OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT IN THE ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINIAN FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Onoprienko S. , Sharapova O. , Naranovych O. , Spasenko I. , Shevtsova О. 
Published: August 2021

The use of international standard ISO / IEC 17025 in forensic institutions of Ukraine is an integral part of the international recognition procedure of the tests (examinations) results that they conduct. In connection with the entry of a new version of the international standard ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 and DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 into legal force, the issues of meeting new standards requirements have become increasingly relevant. The international standard provides for the use of risk-based thinking and a process approach in any field of activity, including forensic science. When conducting research, practitioners are faced with internal and external factors and various influences that lead to uncertainties in the degree of confidence regarding the examination result. Institutions that will evaluate and manage risks during their activity will have an advantage over other forensic institutions.

The purpose of the article is to review approaches to risk management and assessment, to suggest creating a single documented procedure for the risk management procedure in testing laboratories in the field of forensic science.

The article considers the concepts, basic approaches to risk management and assessment, as well as the authors present the risk management procedure developed by them in the testing laboratory of a forensic institution, which includes the stages of risk management and a risk assessment matrix.

Despite the fact that ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 does not require the development of a documented procedure for risk management, we nevertheless believe that it should be introduced for the effective operation of the testing laboratory. Development of a unified management procedure for managing and accessing risks in forensic activities will increase the results reliability of these activities.
FORMATION OF CRIMINALISTICS AND FORENSIC DIDACTICS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Shepitko V. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to formation, development and current status of criminalistics as a science and academic discipline in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to some trends in criminalistics in modern conditions. The variability of forensic knowledge is associated with the scientific and technological progress of modern society.
Special attention is drawn to the role of criminalistics in scientific support of not only proof procedure, but also of various law enforcement procedures. The use of forensic knowledge is relevant in the practical activities of various lawyers: prosecutor, investigator, detective, judge, lawyer, notary, legal adviser, etc. The relationship between activities optimization of the court and law enforcement agencies with introduction of criminalistics innovations is established.
The approaches to teaching criminalistics for law students in Ukrainian universities are considered. The necessity of teaching criminalistics to law students of various specializations is substantiated. The volume of workload, period of study, forms of education, information transfer methods, methods of mastering practical skills are defined as parameters for teaching criminalistics and criminalistics disciplines.
The role of modernized methods in teaching criminalistics is justified. The following modernized methods are defined: business games, solving non-standard cognitive tasks, quick tests, the use of multimedia tools and electronic data base, technical tools, etc. The possibilities of using the criminalistics training ground and criminalistics museum in the course of practical seminars and laboratory works are demonstrated.
MICROTRACES IN THE SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRORIST NATURE CRIMES
Authors: Chornyi H. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to study of problems of microtraces classification at the general theoretical and scientific forensic level with subsequent extrapolation to microtraces which form a typical trace evidence picture of forensic characteristics in terrorist nature crimes. The analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of microtrace allows us to identify and outline main features typical for this definition, namely: small size; small amount of substances and materials: invisible or faintly visible under normal conditions of observation; peculiarities of their detection, record, seizure and research. The classification of microtraces based on various grounds is provided. Thus, according to organization of matter (form of physical embodiment), microtraces (microparticles) are divided into: single physical formations (individual physical bodies with a stable form); substances (materials) that do not take the from of an individual body (liquids, powdered substances). In accordance with immediate source of origin, micro-objects are classified into two large groups: parts of natural origin (from natural objects); parts separated from objects that are largely processed or man-made. In the first group, four subgroups must be distinguished: microtraces that have separated from the human body; micro-objects from animal; microparticles from plants; micro-objects of mineral nature. When considering micro-objects in conjunction with carrier objects, they are differentiated by a trace-forming object and the type of contact with the carrier: overlay; inclusion; layering.
It is noted that the most typical ways of committing terrorist nature crimes are the use of firearms, cold weapons and the use of explosive weapons and / or explosives.
Taking into account the fact that manufacture, possession and use of explosive weapons or explosives for the investigation of crimes of this category affects the criminal law qualification, tactics of individual investigative actions (eg site inspection, search, etc.). Microtraces can be classified according to conditions and time of their formation into the following groups: formation of microtraces that are associated with illegal manufacture, acquisition, storage, sale of explosive weapons or explosives; microtraces of preparation of explosive weapons directly before the explosion; microtraces of explosive weapons. The analysis of the essence of these situations allowed the author to establish and provide an appropriate list of typical microtraces in investigation of terrorist nature crime.
PROBLEMS OF USING THE METHOD OF RECONSTRUCTION WHILE LEGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Hryhorenko A. 
Published: August 2021

The peculiarities of using the method of reconstruction as a forensic method not only while pre-trial investigation of crimes, but also in the process of carrying out other types of legal activity are considered. The forensic essence of investigative, prosecutorial, advocacy and judicial activity is analyzed. Peculiarities of execution of forensic method of reconstruction while implementation of these types of legal activity are determined.
The conclusion as to inter-branch nature of criminalistics as a science has been drawn. On the example of implementation of the method of reconstruction, it is determined that application of criminalistics provisions is the basis for other types of legal activity.
The importance of the method of reconstruction in investigative activity is substantiated which is due to its retrospective nature. The process of reproduction serves as the basis for the possibility to discover the events of a criminal offense by investigators.
Application of the method of reconstruction while implementation of prosecutorial activity is studied. Its pervasive nature during participation in criminal proceedings which are conditioned by the need for a prosecutor to exercise both procedural guidance and support for public prosecution in court has been established.
The problems of advocacy implementation from forensics perspective are analyzed. The need for constant implementation of the process of reproduction of corresponding processes, phenomena, actions and events while implementation of this type of activity has been established.
Peculiarities of application of the reconstruction method during implementation of judicial activity are considered. The process of reproduction is defined as the basis for administrating justice by considering legal disputes, criminal charges, and issuing court’s judgement.
The impossibility of implementation of investigative, prosecutorial, lawyer and judicial activities without application of the method of reconstruction is highlighted. The definition of the method of reconstruction as a basis for discovering events, phenomena, processes that existed in the past and are important for implementation of these types of legal activities is substantiated.
APPROACHES TO DETERMINING POST-MORTEM INTERVAL
Authors: Olkhovsky V. , Grygorian E. , Myroshnychenko M. 
Published: August 2021

The main approaches and problems that arise when evaluating postmortem interval are defined, ways to avoid such problems are suggested. According to the results of scientific papers analysis on that topic, it was established that in the context of post-mortem changes studies such changes developed differently during a specific period of time passed from the time of death, they also appeared in a variety of forms as a result of environmental factors influence. The factors having a significant impact on postmortem changes were specified. A review of modern methods for determining post-mortem interval was conducted and methods for further improvement of the assessment of postmortem interval were proposed.
The use of methods for assessing the PMI by means of the cadaveric phenomena does not always provide for investigating authorities necessary information due to the relatively large time interval in methods based on such changes. Researchers also note the presence of certain shortcomings in the use of existing methods.
Current research using laser polarimetry methods have made it possible to establish post-mortem interval with relatively high accuracy. However, high prices and limited availability of equipment used in laser polarimetry methods preclude from using them in everyday practice of forensic medical examiners.
When conducting studies on histological and biochemical changes in tissues of internal organs, certain morphological (decrease in optical density) and biochemical (changes in the levels of biochemical markers) changes in the early post-mortal period were identified, which will enable the development of specific tables where such changes would be linked to a specific post-mortem time period during certain short periods of time. Although changes in the conducted research were recognized only in the early post-mortem period and only in muscle tissue, further research on other tissues that are more resistant to post-mortem changes are likely to provide results that would be less affected by ambient temperature, exposure of a corpse to the sun rays, amount of clothing on a corpse, etc.) and also would be more accurate than most existing methods.