bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of heterogenous environmental conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes mosquitoes in Panama: implications for the landscape of arboviral disease transmission
Authors: Bennett Kelly L. , McMillan W. Owen , Enríquez Vanessa , Barraza Elia , Díaz Marcela , Baca Brenda , Whiteman Ari , Cerro Medina Jaime , Ducasa Madeleine , Gómez Martínez Carmelo , Almanza Alejandro , Rovira Jose R. , Loaiza Jose R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonitoring the invasion process of the Asian tiger mosquitoAedes albopictusand its interaction with the contenderAedes aegypti,is critical to prevent and control the arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., Arboviruses) they transmit to humans. Generally, the superior ecological competitorAe. albopictusdisplacesAe. aegyptifrom most geographic areas, with the combining factors of biology and environment influencing the competitive outcome. Nonetheless, detailed studies asserting displacement come largely from sub-tropical areas, with relatively less effort being made in tropical environments, including no comprehensive research aboutAedesbiological interactions in Mesoamerica. Here, we examine contemporary and historical mosquito surveillance data to assess the role of shifting abiotic conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competingAedesspecies in the Republic of Panama. In accordance with prior studies, we show thatAe. albopictushas displacedAe. aegyptiunder suboptimal wet tropical climate conditions and more vegetated environments within the southwestern Azuero Peninsula. Conversely, in the eastern Azuero Peninsula,Ae. aegyptipersists withAe. albopictusunder optimal niche conditions in a dry and more seasonal tropical climate. While species displacement was stable over the course of two years, the presence of both species generally appears to fluctuate in tandem in areas of coexistence.Aedes albopictuswas always more frequently found and abundant regardless of location and climatic season. The heterogenous environmental conditions of Panama shape the competitive outcome and micro-geographic distribution ofAedesmosquitoes, with potential consequences for the transmission dynamics of urban and sylvatic zoonotic diseases.
The importance of traditional agricultural landscapes for preventing species extinctions
Authors: Eriksson Ove 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main paradigm for protection of biodiversity, focusing on maintaining or restoring conditions where humans leave no or little impact, risks overlooking anthropogenic landscapes harboring a rich native biodiversity. An example is northern European agricultural landscapes with traditionally managed semi-natural grasslands harboring an exceptional local richness of many taxa, such as plants, fungi and insects. During the last century these grasslands have declined by more than 95%, i.e. in the same magnitude as other, internationally more recognized declines of natural habitats. In this study, data from the Swedish Red List was used to calculate tentative extinction rates for vascular plants, insects (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera) and fungi, given a scenario where such landscapes would vanish. Conservative estimates suggest that abandonment of traditional management in these landscapes would result in elevated extinction rates in all these taxa, between two and three orders of magnitude higher than global background extinction rates. It is suggested that the species richness in these landscapes reflects a species pool from Pleistocene herbivore-structured environments, which, after the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna, was rescued by the introduction of pre-historic agriculture. Maintaining traditionally managed agricultural landscapes is of paramount importance to prevent species loss. There is no inherent conflict between preservation of anthropogenic landscapes and remaining ‘wild’ areas, but valuating also anthropogenic landscapes is essential for biodiversity conservation.
Between Market Failures and Justice Failures: Trade-Offs Between Efficiency and Equality in Business Ethics
Authors: Blunden Charlie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Market Failures Approach (MFA) is one of the leading theories in contemporary business ethics. It generates a list of ethical obligations for the managers of private firms that states that they should not create or exploit market failures because doing so reduces the efficiency of the economy. Recently the MFA has been criticised by Abraham Singer on the basis that it unjustifiably does not assign private managers obligations based on egalitarian values. Singer proposes an extension to the MFA, the Justice Failures Approach (JFA), in which managers have duties to alleviate political, social, and distributive inequalities in addition to having obligations to not exploit market failures. In this paper I describe the MFA and JFA and situate them relative to each other. I then highlight a threefold distinction between different types of obligations that can be given to private managers in order to argue that a hybrid theory of business ethics, which I call the MFA + , can be generated by arguing that managers have obligations based on efficiency and duties based on equalityto the extent that these latter obligations do not lead to efficiency losses.This argument suggests a novel theoretical option in business ethics, elucidates the issues that are at stake between the MFA and the JFA, and clarifies the costs and benefits of each theory.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries
Authors: Skjefte Malia , Ngirbabul Michelle , Akeju Oluwasefunmi , Escudero Daniel , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Wyszynski Diego F. , Wu Julia W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the development of multiple effective vaccines, reducing the global morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 will depend on the distribution and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Estimates of global vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children are yet unknown. An understanding of the challenges and correlates to vaccine acceptance will aid the acceleration of vaccine administration within these populations. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women and mothers of children younger than 18-years-old, as well as potential predictors, were assessed through an online survey, administered by Pregistry between October 28 and November 18, 2020. 17,871 total survey responses from 16 countries were obtained. Given a 90% COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, 52.0% of pregnant women (n = 2747/5282) and 73.4% of non-pregnant women (n = 9214/12,562) indicated an intention to receive the vaccine. 69.2% of women (n = 11,800/17,054), both pregnant and non-pregnant, indicated an intention to vaccinate their children. Vaccine acceptance was generally highest in India, the Philippines, and all sampled countries in Latin America; it was lowest in Russia, the United States and Australia. The strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance included confidence in vaccine safety or effectiveness, worrying about COVID-19, belief in the importance of vaccines to their own country, compliance to mask guidelines, trust of public health agencies/health science, as well as attitudes towards routine vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors among women vary globally. Vaccination campaigns for women and children should be specific for each country in order to attain the largest impact.
Emission taxes, firm relocation, and product differentiation
Authors: Birg Laura , Voßwinkel Jan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of an emission tax on the relocation decision in a duopoly with vertical product differentiation. We establish the relationship between an exogenous product quality markup, relocation cost, and emission taxation in a two-country-setting for three cases: (a) an environmental tax set only by one country, (b) non-cooperative environmental taxation in both countries, and (c) coordinated environmental taxation. We show that a larger product quality markup and, thus, weaker competition can serve as a substitute for environmental policy as both reduce emissions. However, weaker competition makes firm relocation more likely, which results in emission shifting instead of emission reduction. The higher the product quality markup, the more likely it is that at least one firm relocates to the foreign country. Emission taxation in the foreign country changes location decisions: If also the foreign country applies an emission tax, at least one firm stays in the home country. If both governments set taxes non-cooperatively, the low-quality firm always stays in the home country. If both countries set taxes cooperatively, both firms are more likely to stay in the home country. However, relocation of the low-quality firm is a possible outcome under cooperative taxation.
Cell wall and organelle modifications during nitrogen starvation in Nannochloropsis oceanica F&M-M24
Authors: Roncaglia Bianca , Papini Alessio , Chini Zittelli Graziella , Rodolfi Liliana , Tredici Mario R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNannochloropsis oceanica F&M-M24 is able to increase its lipid content during nitrogen starvation to more than 50% of the total biomass. We investigated the ultrastructural changes and the variation in the content of main cell biomolecules that accompany the final phase of lipid accumulation. Nitrogen starvation induced a first phase of thylakoid disruption followed by chloroplast macroautophagy and formation of lipid droplets. During this phase, the total amount of proteins decreased by one-third, while carbohydrates decreased by 12–13%, suggesting that lipid droplets were formed by remodelling of chloroplast membranes and synthesis of fatty acids from carbohydrates and amino acids. The change in mitochondrial ultrastructure suggests also that these organelles were involved in the process. The cell wall increased its thickness and changed its structure during starvation, indicating that a disruption process could be partially affected by the increase in wall thickness for biomolecules recovery from starved cells. The wall thickness in strain F&M-M24 was much lower than that observed in other strains of N. oceanica, showing a possible advantage of this strain for the purpose of biomolecules extraction. The modifications following starvation were interpreted as a response to reduction of availability of a key nutrient (nitrogen). The result is a prolonged survival in quiescence until an improvement of the environmental conditions (nutrient availability) allows the rebuilding of the photosynthetic apparatus and the full recovery of cell functions.
Sputtered highly effective iridium catalysts: a new approach for green satellite propulsion
Authors: Stollenwerk Manfred , Schäfer Tobias , Stadtmüller Johannes , Döhring Thorsten , Freudenmann Dominic , Röcke Nicole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work demonstrated the large potential of sputtered iridium metal for catalytic reactions shown by the example of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for space propulsion systems. For this purpose, iridium was coated onto Al2O3 pellets by a sputter process under varied process parameters. Depending on previously selected parameters, the obtained metal-loaded pellets offer closed- and/or open-shell structures. Catalytic productivity of these first-generation iridium-sputtered catalysts was estimated in laboratory experiments and compared to platinum-loaded pellets. Under optimized sputter-process conditions, the reactivity is significantly improved compared to the platinum-impregnated pellets. The better catalytic productivity can be explained by the increased active surface area of the iridium layers on the pellets. The surface morphology and the microstructure of the iridium coating can be actively controlled by the sputter pressure. The results are in accordance with the sputtering process pressure tendency described by the Thornton Structure–Zone Model.
Graphical abstract
A novel polymeric fibrous microstructured biodegradable small-caliber tubular scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering
Authors: Dimopoulos Andreas , Markatos Dionysios N. , Mitropoulou Athina , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis , Koletsis Efstratios , Mavrilas Dimosthenis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing morbidity of cardiovascular diseases in modern society has made it crucial to develop artificial small-caliber cardiovascular grafts for surgical intervention of diseased natural arteries, as alternatives to the gold standard autologous implants. Synthetic small-caliber grafts are still not in use due to increased risk of restenosis, lack of lumen re-endothelialization and mechanical mismatch, leading sometimes either to graft failure or to unsuccessful remodeling and pathology of the distal parts of the anastomosed healthy vascular tissues. In this work, we aimed to synthesize small-caliber polymeric (polycaprolactone) tissue-engineered vascular scaffolds that mimic the structure and biomechanics of natural vessels. Electrospinning was implemented to prepare microstructured polymeric membranes with controlled axis-parallel fiber alignment. Consequently, we designed small-caliber multilayer anisotropic biodegradable nanofibrous tubular scaffolds, giving attention to their radial compliance. Polycaprolactone scaffold morphology and mechanical properties were assessed, quantified, and compared with those of native vessels and commercial synthetic grafts. Results showed a highly hydrophobic scaffold material with a three-layered tubular morphology, 4-mm internal diameter/0.25 ± 0.09-mm thickness, consisting of predominantly axially aligned thin (1.156 ± 0.447 μm), homogeneous and continuous microfibers, with adequate (17.702 ± 5.369 μm) pore size, potentially able to promote cell infiltration in vivo. In vitro accelerated degradation showed a 5% mass loss within 17–25 weeks. Mechanical anisotropy was attained as a result, almost one order of magnitude difference of the elastic modulus (18 ± 3 MPa axially/1 ± 0.3 MPa circumferentially), like that of natural arterial walls. Furthermore, a desirable radial compliance (5.04 ± 0.82%, within the physiological pressure range) as well as cyclic stability of the tubular scaffold was achieved. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluation of the polymeric scaffolds revealed that the materials were nontoxic and did not release substances harmful to living cells (over 80% cell viability achieved).
The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 2: measurements, limitations, and clinical applications
Authors: Bootsma I. T. , Boerma E. C. , Scheeren T. W. L. , de Lange F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, the classical pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) has an almost 50-year-old history of its clinical use for hemodynamic monitoring. In recent years, the PAC evolved from a device that enabled intermittent cardiac output measurements in combination with static pressures to a monitoring tool that provides continuous data on cardiac output, oxygen supply and-demand balance, as well as right ventricular performance. In this review, which consists of two parts, we will introduce the difference between intermittent pulmonary artery thermodilution using bolus injections, and the contemporary PAC enabling continuous measurements by using a thermal filament which heats up the blood. In this second part, we will discuss in detail the measurements of the contemporary PAC, including continuous cardiac output measurement, right ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume index, and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Limitations of all of these measurements are highlighted as well. We conclude that thorough understanding of measurements obtained from the PAC is the first step in successful application of the PAC in daily clinical practice.
Dynamics and fate of blue carbon in a mangrove–seagrass seascape: influence of landscape configuration and land-use change
Authors: Asplund Maria E. , Dahl Martin , Ismail Rashid O. , Arias-Ortiz Ariane , Deyanova Diana , Franco João N. , Hammar Linus , Hoamby Arielle I. , Linderholm Hans W. , Lyimo Liberatus D. , Perry Diana , Rasmusson Lina M. , Ridgway Samantha N. , Salgado Gispert Gloria , D’Agata Stéphanie , Glass Leah , Mahafina Jamal Angelot , Ramahery Volanirina , Masque Pere , Björk Mats , Gullström Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextSeagrass meadows act as efficient natural carbon sinks by sequestering atmospheric CO2and through trapping of allochthonous organic material, thereby preserving organic carbon (Corg) in their sediments. Less understood is the influence of landscape configuration and transformation (land-use change) on carbon sequestration dynamics in coastal seascapes across the land–sea interface.ObjectivesWe explored the influence of landscape configuration and degradation of adjacent mangroves on the dynamics and fate of Corgin seagrass habitats.MethodsThrough predictive modelling, we assessed sedimentary Corgcontent, stocks and source composition in multiple seascapes (km-wide buffer zones) dominated by different seagrass communities in northwest Madagascar. The study area encompassed seagrass meadows adjacent to intact and deforested mangroves.ResultsThe sedimentary Corgcontent was influenced by a combination of landscape metrics and inherent habitat plant- and sediment-properties. We found a strong land-to-sea gradient, likely driven by hydrodynamic forces, generating distinct patterns in sedimentary Corglevels in seagrass seascapes. There was higher Corgcontent and a mangrove signal in seagrass surface sediments closer to the deforested mangrove area, possibly due to an escalated export of Corgfrom deforested mangrove soils. Seascapes comprising large continuous seagrass meadows had higher sedimentary Corglevels in comparison to more diverse and patchy seascapes.ConclusionOur results emphasize the benefit to consider the influence of seascape configuration and connectivity to accurately assess Corgcontent in coastal habitats. Understanding spatial patterns of variability and what is driving the observed patterns is useful for identifying carbon sink hotspots and develop management prioritizations.
Benefits of Iron Chelators in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyan , An Hedi , Yu Fei , Wang Kai , Zheng Lanlan , Zhou Wei , Bao Yiwen , Yang Jie , Shen Nan , Huang Dongya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a novel discovered regulated cell death pattern, ferroptosis has been associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has attracted widespread attention. Nevertheless, the relationship between ferroptosis and PD pathogenesis is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of iron overload on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and its correlation with ferroptosis. Here we use nerve growth factor (NGF) induced PC12 cells which are derived from pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal to establish a classical PD in vitro model. We found significantly decreased cell viability in NGF-PC12 cell under ammonium ferric citrate (FAC) administration. Moreover, excessive intracellular iron ions induced the increase of (reactive oxygen species) ROS release as well as the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12-NGF cells. In addition, we also found that overloaded iron can activate cell apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, which led to cell death. Furthermore, MPP-induced PD cells were characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, decreased expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), and increased divalent metal transporter (DMT1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression level. In contrast, Lip-1 and DFO increased the expression level of GPX4 and FTH1 compared to MPP-induced PD cell. In conclusion, we indicated that overloaded intracellular iron contributes to neurons death via apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, while DFO, an iron chelator, can inhibit ferroptosis in order to protect the neurons in vitro.
2-Local derivations of real AW*-algebras are derivation
Authors: Dadakhodjaev R. A. , Rakhimov A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2-Local derivations on real matrix algebras over unital semi-prime Banach algebras are considered. Using the real analogue of the result that any 2-local derivation on the algebra $$M_{2^n}(A)$$

M

2
n

(
A
)

($$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

) is a derivation, it is shown that any 2-local derivation on real AW$$^*$$

∗

-algebra for which the enveloping algebra is (complex) AW*-algebra, is a derivation, where A is a unital semi-prime Banach algebra with the inner derivation property.
Impact of COVID-19 on workload burden of a complex radiotherapy facility
Authors: Francolini Giulio , Desideri Isacco , Stocchi Giulia , Ciccone Lucia Pia , Salvestrini Viola , Garlatti Pietro , Aquilano Michele , Greto Daniela , Bonomo Pierluigi , Meattini Icro , Scotti Vieri , Scoccianti Silvia , Simontacchi Gabriele , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
COVID-19 constitutes a worldwide threat, prompting Italian Government to implement specific measures on March 8, 2020, to protect patients and health workers from disease transmission. The impact of preventive measures on daily activity of a radiotherapy facility may hamper the ability to fulfill normal workload burden. Thus, we assessed the number of delivered treatments in a specific observation period after the adoption of preventive measures (since March 11 to April 24, 2020) and compared it with the corresponding period of the year 2019.

Materials and methods
Overall number of delivered fractions was related to actual time of platform daily activity and reported as a ratio between number of delivered fractions and activity hours (Fr/Hrs). Fr/Hrs were calculated and compared for two different periods of time, March 11–April 24, 2019 (Fr/Hrs1), and March 11–April 24, 2020 (Fr/Hrs2).

Results
Fr/Hrs1 and Fr/Hrs2 were 2.66 and 2.54 for year 2019 and 2020, respectively, for a Fr/Hrsratio of 1.07 (95% CI 1.03–1.12, p = 0.0005). Fr/Hrs1 was significantly higher than Fr/Hrs2 for SliR and PreciseR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 1.92 (95% CI 1.66–2.23, p < 0.0001) and 1.11 (95% CI 1.03–1.2, p = 0.003), respectively. No significant difference was reported for SynergyR and CyberknifeR with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.99 (95% CI 0.91–1.08, p = 0.8) and 0.9 (95% CI 0.77–1.06, p = 0.2), respectively. Fr/Hrs1 was significantly lower than Fr/Hrs2 for TomotherapyR, with Fr/Hrsratio of 0.88 (95% CI 0.8–0.96, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Preventive measures did not influence workload burden performed. Automation in treatment delivery seems to compensate effectively for health workers number reduction.