bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microresonator devices lithographically introduced at the optical fiber surface
Authors: Toropov N. , Zaki S. , Vartanyan T. , Sumetsky M. 
Published: March 2021

We present a simple lithographic method for fabrication of microresonator devices at the optical fiber surface. First, we undress the predetermined surface areas of a fiber segment from the polymer coating with a focused

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laser beam. Next, using the remaining coating as a mask, we etch the fiber in a hydrofluoric acid solution. Finally, we completely undress the fiber segment from coating to create a chain of silica bottle microresonators with nanoscale radius variation [surface nanoscale axial photonics (SNAP) microresonators]. We demonstrate the developed method by fabrication of a chain of five 1 mm long and 30 nm high microresonators at the surface of a 125 µm diameter optical fiber and a single 0.5 mm long and 291 nm high microresonator at the surface of a 38 µm diameter fiber. As another application, we fabricate a rectangular 5 mm long SNAP microresonator at the surface of a 38 µm diameter fiber and investigate its performance as a miniature delay line. The propagation of a 100 ps pulse with 1 ns delay, 0.035c velocity, and negligible dispersion is demonstrated. In contrast to previously developed approaches in SNAP technology, the developed method allows the introduction of much larger fiber radius variation ranging from nanoscale to microscale.
Zika virus-like particle vaccine protects AG129 mice and rhesus macaques against Zika virus
Authors: Vang Lo , Morello Christopher S. , Mendy Jason , Thompson Danielle , Manayani Darly , Guenther Ben , Julander Justin , Sanford Daniel , Jain Amit , Patel Amish , Shabram Paul , Smith Jonathan , Alexander Jeff 
Published: March 2021

Background
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a re-emerging virus that constitutes a public health threat due to its recent global spread, recurrent outbreaks, and infections that are associated with neurological abnormalities in developing fetuses and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. To date, there are no approved vaccines against ZIKV infection. Various preclinical and clinical development programs are currently ongoing in an effort to bring forward a vaccine for ZIKV.

Methodology/Principle findings
We have developed a ZIKV vaccine candidate based on Virus-Like-Particles (VLPs) produced in HEK293 mammalian cells using the prM (a precursor to M protein) and envelope (E) structural protein genes from ZIKV. Transient transfection of cells via plasmid and electroporation produced VLPs which were subsequently purified by column chromatography yielding approximately 2mg/L. Initially, immunogenicity and efficacy were evaluated in AG129 mice using a dose titration of VLP with and without Alhydrogel 2% (alum) adjuvant. We found that VLP with and without alum elicited ZIKV-specific serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and that titers correlated with protection. A follow-up immunogenicity and efficacy study in rhesus macaques was performed using VLP formulated with alum. Multiple neutralization assay methods were performed on immune sera including a plaque reduction neutralization test, a microneutralization assay, and a Zika virus Renilla luciferase neutralization assay. All of these assays indicate that following immunization, VLP induces high titer nAbs which correlate with protection against ZIKV challenge.

Conclusions/Significance
These studies confirm that ZIKV VLPs could be efficiently generated and purified. Upon VLP immunization, in both mice and NHPs, nAb was induced that correlate with protection against ZIKV challenge. These studies support translational efforts in developing a ZIKV VLP vaccine for evaluation in human clinical trials.
Defining levels of dengue virus serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies induced by a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003)
Authors: White Laura J. , Young Ellen F. , Stoops Mark J. , Henein Sandra R. , Adams Elizabeth C. , Baric Ralph S. , de Silva Aravinda M. 
Published: March 2021

The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) infect several hundred million people each year living in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Clinical development of DENV vaccines is difficult because immunity to a single serotype increases risk of severe disease during a second infection with a new serotype. Leading vaccines are based on tetravalent formulations to induce simultaneous and balanced protective immunity to all 4 serotypes. TAK-003 is a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine candidate developed by Takeda Vaccines Inc, which is currently being evaluated in phase 3 efficacy trials. Here, we use antibody depletion methods and chimeric, epitope transplant DENVs to characterize the specificity of neutralizing antibodies in dengue-naïve adults and non-human primates immunized with TAK-003. Our results demonstrate that TAK-003 induced high levels of DENV2 neutralizing antibodies that recognized unique (type-specific) epitopes on DENV2. In contrast, most vaccinated subjects developed lower levels of DENV1, DENV3 and DENV4 neutralizing antibodies that mainly targeted epitopes that were conserved (cross-reactive) between serotypes.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02425098.
Association between a complex community intervention and quality of health extension workers’ performance to correctly classify common childhood illnesses in four regions of Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Theodros , Abebe Solomon Mekonnen , Yitayal Mezgebu , Persson Lars Åke , Berhanu Della 
Published: March 2021

Background
Due to low care utilization, a complex intervention was done for two years to optimize the Ethiopian Health Extension Program. Improved quality of the integrated community case management services was an intermediate outcome of this intervention through community education and mobilization, capacity building of health workers, and strengthening of district ownership and accountability of sick child services. We evaluated the association between the intervention and the health extension workers’ ability to correctly classify common childhood illnesses in four regions of Ethiopia.

Methods
Baseline and endline assessments were done in 2016 and 2018 in intervention and comparison areas in four regions of Ethiopia. Ill children aged 2 to 59 months were mobilized to visit health posts for an assessment that was followed by re-examination. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, and difference-in-difference of correct classification with multilevel mixed logistic regression in intervention and comparison areas at baseline and endline.

Results
Health extensions workers’ consultations with ill children were observed in intervention (n = 710) and comparison areas (n = 615). At baseline, re-examination of the children showed that in intervention areas, health extension workers’ sensitivity for fever or malaria was 54%, 68% for respiratory infections, 90% for diarrheal diseases, and 34% for malnutrition. At endline, it was 40% for fever or malaria, 49% for respiratory infections, 85% for diarrheal diseases, and 48% for malnutrition. Specificity was higher (89–100%) for all childhood illnesses. Difference-in-differences was 6% for correct classification of fever or malaria [aOR = 1.45 95% CI: 0.81–2.60], 4% for respiratory tract infection [aOR = 1.49 95% CI: 0.81–2.74], and 5% for diarrheal diseases [aOR = 1.74 95% CI: 0.77–3.92].

Conclusion
This study revealed that the Optimization of Health Extension Program intervention, which included training, supportive supervision, and performance reviews of health extension workers, was not associated with an improved classification of childhood illnesses by these Ethiopian primary health care workers.

Trial registration
ISRCTN12040912, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12040912.
Determinants of abortion among youth 15–24 in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis based on EDHS 2016
Authors: Gilano Girma , Hailegebreal Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Determinants of the magnitude of abortion among women of diverse social and economic status, particularly in Africa poorly understood because of the missing information in most countries. In this study, we addressed abortion and its determinants among youth women of 15–24 ages to provide clear direction for policymaking in Ethiopia.

Methods
We examined the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data downloaded from the EDHS website after obtaining permission on abortion among 15–24 age women. We applied bivariate and multilevel binary logistic regression. Community and Individual level abortion predictors passed through a three-level binary logistic regression analysis where we used p-value <0.05 and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Result
The abortion among the youth population in this study was 2.5%. Factors associated with pregnancy were age group 20–24 2.5(1.6–3.8), youth with one birth 0.65(0.44–0.96), youth with 2–5 births 0.31(0.18–0.55), age ≥18 0.50(0.33–0.76), married 38(17–84), divorced 20(7–55), birth in the last five years 0.65(0.44–0.96), middle wealth youth 1.7(1.0.4–2.8), being in Amhara0.31(0.11–0.85), and 0.30(0.12–0.77).

Conclusion
Less abortion occurred in economically poor youths. It is a noble finding; however, the access problem might lead to the result. We observed more abortions in age <18years; those have not given birth until the data collection date. It portrays forth clear policy direction for politicians and all other stakeholders to intervene in the problem. The analysis also showed abortion increased with age. It shows that as age increased, youths disclose abortion which is rare at an early age, and again given an essential clue for the next interventions. The fact in this study is both age and marriage affected abortion similarly. It might be because of various culture-related perceptions where it is not appropriate for an unmarried woman to appear with any pregnancy outcome as the reason behind the decreased number of abortions at a younger age. Thus, more attention is required during implementation for unmarried and lower age youth regardless of the magnitude of the abortion.
Comparison of the clinical impact of 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients suspected of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gjerum Le , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Bruun Marie , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Henriksen Otto Mølby , Law Ian , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Frederiksen Kristian Steen 
Published: March 2021

Background
The two biomarkers 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are both recommended to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. However, there is a lack of knowledge for the comparison of the two biomarkers in a routine clinical setting.

Objective
The aim was to compare the clinical impact of 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers on diagnosis, prognosis, and patient management in patients suspected of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods
Eighty-one patients clinically suspected of Alzheimer’s disease were retrospectively included from the Copenhagen Memory Clinic. As part of the clinical work-up all patients had a standard diagnostic program examination including MRI and ancillary investigations with 2-[18F]FDG-PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. An incremental study design was used to evaluate the clinical impact of the biomarkers. First, the diagnostic evaluation was based on the standard diagnostic program, then the diagnostic evaluation was revised after addition of either cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers or 2-[18F]FDG-PET. At each diagnostic evaluation, two blinded dementia specialists made a consensus decision on diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and change in patient management. Confidence in the decision was measured on a visual analogue scale (0–100). After 6 months, the diagnostic evaluation was performed with addition of the other biomarker. A clinical follow-up after 12 months was used as reference for diagnosis and disease course.

Results
The two biomarkers had a similar clinical value across all diagnosis when added individually to the standard diagnostic program. However, for the correctly diagnosed patient with Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers had a significantly higher impact on diagnostic confidence (mean scores±SD: 88±11 vs. 82±11, p = 0.046) and a significant reduction in the need for ancillary investigations (23 vs. 18 patients, p = 0.049) compared to 2-[18F]FDG-PET.

Conclusion
The two biomarkers had similar clinical impact on diagnosis, but cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers had a more significant value in corroborating the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease compared to 2-[18F]FDG-PET.
A lei 13.415/2017 e algumas implicações no currÃ­culo do ensino médio no que tange ao ensino de artes
Authors: Mourão Srilis Leonel 
Published: March 2021

Esse texto busca trazer para o debate a Lei 13.415 de 2017 e suas implicações no currÃ­culo do ensino médio no que tange ao ensino de artes (Música; Dança; Teatro), mais especificamente os artigos 26 e 36 que são os direcionados a tal nÃ­vel educacional. O ensino de artes na última década obteve grandes conquistas diante de conteúdos especÃ­ficos direcionados a formação para o mercado de trabalho com a inclusão da música como componente obrigatório na matriz curricular, ampliação das escolas de tempo integral e criação dos Institutos Federais através da Lei 11.892/2008, porém a Lei 13.415 dá indÃ­cios de estar havendo um retrocesso nas conquistas, um alargamento para menos. Enquanto se busca ampliar o tempo do estudante em sala de aula com o ensino médio em tempo integral não se prevê uma estrutura, ou seja, busca-se mudar a conjuntura sem mexer na estrutura, ou melhor, encurtando a estrutura no que tange a professores de certas disciplinas consideradas â€œsupérfluasâ€, ocasionando uma ruptura no processo educativo do ensino fundamental para o ensino médio. Este texto tem a intenção de trazer alguns pontos especÃ­ficos para reflexão, buscando criar um dialogo entre trechos da LDB 9394/96, com a Lei 13.415 e autores que estudam o currÃ­culo do ensino médio, e assim permitir uma troca de informações com o objetivo de trazer um esclarecimento Ã s implicações de tais reformas.
A iniciação Ã improvisação no piano popular: análise de métodos e elaboração de proposta didática
Authors: Pereira Eliton Perpetuo Rosa , Gomes Otoniel Pereira 
Published: March 2021

A temática desta pesquisa tem foco na iniciação Ã improvisação no piano popular, enquanto uma ação educativa musical de introdução dos estudantes desse instrumento no universo da improvisação, enquanto atividade de ensino de música, mas principalmente como atividade de vivência musical relacionada Ã música popular. O estudo objetivou realizar uma análise comparativa das publicações mais usadas pelos músicos populares brasileiros sobre harmonia e improvisação, em edições impressas em português ou traduções impressas no Brasil. Foram encontradas nove publicações com este perfil e a análise se deu por meio de cinco categorias principais: 1) iniciação musical; 2) conceitos de improvisação; 3) aspectos rÃ­tmicos, melódicos e harmônicos; 4) exercÃ­cios práticos (técnica e repertório); e 5) aspectos didáticos. Os resultados apontam regularidades, especificidades e lacunas dessas publicações mais circuladas no Brasil entre os professores de piano popular e entre os músicos improvisadores. Concernente ao processo de iniciação Ã improvisação no piano popular, destacamos os aspectos relacionados ao planejamento, Ã sequência de conteúdos e atividades práticas.
Posterior pituitary tumours: patient outcomes and determinants of disease recurrence or persistence
Authors: Das Liza , Vaiphei Kim , Rai Ashutosh , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Singh Paramjeet , Mohapatra Ishani , Chhabra Rajesh , Bhansali Anil , Radotra Bishan Dass , Grossman Ashley B , Korbonits Márta , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Posterior pituitary tumours (PPTs) are rare neoplasms with the four recognised subtypes unified by thyroid transcription factor -1 (TTF-1) expression, according to the 2017 WHO classification. Though traditionally defined as low-grade neoplasms, a substantial proportion of them show recurrence/persistence following surgery.

Methods
We selected patients with PPTs in our cohort of 1760 patients operated for pituitary tumours over the past 10 years (2010–2019). The clinical, radiological, hormonal, histopathological profiles and long-term outcomes of the three cases identified (two pituicytomas and one spindle cell oncocytoma, SCO) were analysed. Following a literature review, data of all published cases with documented TTF-1 positive pituicytomas and SCOs were analysed to determine the predictors of recurrence/persistence in these tumours.

Results
Patients presented with compressive features or hypogonadism. Two had sellar-suprasellar masses. One had a purely suprasellar mass with a pre-operative radiological suspicion of pituicytoma. Two were operated by transsphenoidal surgery and one transcranially guided by neuronavigation. Histopathology confirmed spindle cells in a storiform arrangement and low Ki67 index. Immunohistochemistry showed positive TTF-1, S-100 expression and variable positivity for EMA, vimentin and GFAP. Re-evaluation showed recurrence/persistence in two patients. A literature review of recurrent/persistent pituicytoma (n = 17) and SCO (n = 9) cases revealed clinical clues (headache for pituicytomas, male gender for SCO), baseline tumour size (≥20.5 mm with sensitivity exceeding 80%) and longer follow-up duration as determinants of recurrence/persistence.

Conclusion
PPTs are rare sellar masses with quintessential TTF-1 positivity. Recurrent/persistent disease following surgery is determined by greater tumour size at baseline and duration of follow-up. This warrants intensive and long-term surveillance in these patients.
Impact of Transactional Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction
Authors: Lumbantoruan Sarinah , Kurniawan Loviandi , Christi Christi , Sihombing Josua Bismark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research conducted to determine wether there is an influence of employee job satisfacation in terms of the transactional leadership style at UD. X in Medan. The hypotheses in this study is proposed that there is a positive influence in job satisfacation in terms of the transactional leadership style. On these study we used 105 people by using the saturated sample method. This research used quantitative research where the data collection uses a questionnaire. The assumptions test consisted of a normality test and a linearity test. The data analysis method uses the product moment correlation technique with the help of SPSS statistics 25 for Windows. The result showed that there was a significant influence between employee job satisfacation with transactional leadership style (Pearson Correlation 0.000, sig 0.000 < P= 0.05). The result of this study indicated that the contribution made by the transactional leadership style to job satisfaction is 81 percent. From the result of this study it can be concluded that research hyphothesis has a positive influence between transactional leadership style and job satisfaction. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Transactional Leadership Style, Employees. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh kepuasan kerja karyawan ditinjau dari gaya kepemimpinan transaksional pada UD. X di Medan. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh positif kepuasan kerja yang ditinjau dari gaya kepemimpinan transaksional. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 105 orang dengan menggunakan metode sampel jenuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dimana pengumpulan datanya menggunakan kuesioner. Uji asumsi yang dilakukan terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji linearitas. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi Product Moment dengan bantuan SPSS Statistic 25 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kepuasan kerja karyawan dengan gaya kepemimpinan transaksional (Pearson Correlation 0.9000, Sig 0.000 < p = 0.05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan yang diberikan gaya kepemimpinan transaksional terhadap kepuasan kerja adalah sebesar 81 persen. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis penelitian ini ada pengaruh positif antara gaya kepemimpinan transaksional dan kepuasan kerja. Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Kerja, Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional, Karyawan.
Teacher’s Mental Health in Students Perspective and Its Contribution to Student’s Achievement of Islamic Religious Studies
Authors: Nurbaiti Nurbaiti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine teacher’s mental health according to student’s perspective and its contribution to student’s achievement in Islamic Religious Studies. The study was conducted at Azhari Elementary School of Jakarta and involved 52 students as research participants, with a stratified simple random sampling. This research used test and questionnaire as instruments to collect data. The data validity by correlation coefficient of point biserial (r pbi) and correlation coefficient of product moment (r xy). The data reliability by KR 21 and alpha cronbach (a). The results proved, the teacher’s mental health contributed 54 % to student’s achievement of Islamic religious studies. AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang kontribusi kesehatan mental guru dalam perspektif siswa terhadap prestasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Azhari Cilandak Jakarta dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 52 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sample dengan stratified simple random sampling. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes dan angket. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah koefisien korelasi point biserial (rpbi) dan koefisien korelasi produk momen (rxy). Reliabilitas data dilakukan dengan menggunakan KR 21 and alpha cronbach (a). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan mental guru memberikan kontribusi sebesar 54 persen terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.