bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychopathic traits predict moral judgements in five moral domains: The mediating effect of unpleasantness
Authors: Ye Shuer , Yang Qun , Lan Tianxiang , Wang Yuchao , Zhu Bing , Dong Yijun , Krueger Frank 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe relationship between psychopathic traits and moral judgements has evoked passionate debates among researchers. Psychopathic traits have been characterized as risk factors for immoral behaviours in both non‐forensic and forensic populations; however, whether individuals with elevated psychopathic traits display atypical moral judgements has been controversial. Here, we aim to examine how psychopathic traits are related to moral judgements in five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) and further explore how unpleasantness mediates the relationship in non‐forensic and forensic samples.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty five college students and 219 detainees were recruited in two separate surveys. All the participants were asked to complete the moral judgement task in everyday moral scenarios, the unpleasantness ratings for the immoral behaviours and the Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP).ResultsPsychopathic traits predicted the binary moral distinction (moral vs. immoral category) in the Care foundation in the non‐forensic sample. Moreover, psychopathic traits predicted moral acceptability ratings (continuous category) in all of the moral foundations in the non‐forensic sample but only for the Care and Loyalty foundations in the forensic sample. Finally, unpleasantness fully mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and moral judgements in both samples.ConclusionsOur findings provide further evidence that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits have atypical moral judgements – emphasizing the role of unpleasantness in contributing to this phenomenon. Our study has implications for understanding and treating various deviant behaviours in psychopathic individuals.
Two ways to be endemic. Alps and Apennines are different functional refugia during climatic cycles
Authors: Menchetti Mattia , Talavera Gerard , Cini Alessandro , Salvati Vania , Dincă Vlad , Platania Leonardo , Bonelli Simona , Balletto Emilio , Vila Roger , Dapporto Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEndemics co‐occur because they evolved in situ and persist regionally or because they evolved ex situ and later dispersed to shared habitats, generating evolutionary or ecological endemicity centres, respectively. We investigate whether different endemicity centres can intertwine in the region ranging from Alps to Sicily, by studying their butterfly fauna. We gathered an extensive occurrence data set for butterflies of the study area (27,123 records, 269 species, in cells of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees of latitude‐longitude). We applied molecular‐based delimitation methods (GMYC model) to 26,557 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of Western Palearctic butterflies. We identified entities based on molecular delimitations and/or the checklist of European butterflies and objectively attributed occurrences to their most probable entity. We obtained a zoogeographic regionalisation based on the 69 endemics of the area. Using phylogenetic ANOVA we tested if endemics from different centres differ from each other and from nonendemics for key ecological traits and divergence time. Endemicity showed high incidence in the Alps and Southern Italy. The regionalisation separated the Alps from the Italian Peninsula and Sicily. The endemics of different centres showed a high turnover and differed in phylogenetic distances, phenology and distribution traits. Endemics are on average younger than nonendemics and the Peninsula‐Sicily endemics also have lower variance in divergence than those from the Alps. The observed variation identifies Alpine endemics as paleoendemics, now occupying an ecological centre, and the Peninsula‐Sicily ones as neoendemics, that diverged in the region since the Pleistocene. The results challenge the common view of the Alpine‐Apennine area as a single “Italian refugium”.
Decade‐scale stability and change in a marine bivalve microbiome
Authors: Neu Alexander T. , Hughes Ian V. , Allen Eric E. , Roy Kaustuv 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPredicting how populations and communities of organisms will respond to anthropogenic change is of paramount concern in ecology today. For communities of microorganisms, however, these predictions remain challenging, primarily due to data limitations. Information about long‐term dynamics of host‐associated microbial communities, in particular, is lacking. In this study, we use well‐preserved and freshly collected samples of soft tissue from a marine bivalve host, Donax gouldii, at a single site to quantify the diversity and composition of its microbiome over a decadal timescale. Site‐level measurements of temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a allowed us to test how the microbiome of this species responded to two natural experiments: a seasonal increase in temperature and a phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that ethanol‐preserved tissue can provide high‐resolution information about temporal trends in compositions of host‐associated microbial communities. Specifically, we found that the richness of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with D.gouldii did not change significantly over time despite increases in water temperature (+1.6°C due to seasonal change) and chlorophyll a concentration (more than ninefold). The phylogenetic composition of the communities, on the other hand, varied significantly between all collection years, with only six ASVs persisting over our sampling period. Overall, these results suggest that the diversity of microbial taxa associated with D.gouldii has remained stable over time and in response to seasonal environmental change over the course of more than a decade, but such stability is underlain by substantial turnover in the composition of the microbiome.
Dual role of a (p)ppGpp‐ and (p)ppApp‐degrading enzyme in biofilm formation and interbacterial antagonism
Authors: Steinchen Wieland , Ahmad Shehryar , Valentini Martina , Eilers Kira , Majkini Mohamad , Altegoer Florian , Lechner Marcus , Filloux Alain , Whitney John C. , Bange Gert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe guanosine nucleotide‐based second messengers ppGpp and pppGpp (collectively: (p)ppGpp) enable adaptation of microorganisms to environmental changes and stress conditions. In contrast, the closely related adenosine nucleotides (p)ppApp are involved in type VI secretion system (T6SS)‐mediated killing during bacterial competition. Long RelA‐SpoT Homolog (RSH) enzymes regulate synthesis and degradation of (p)ppGpp (and potentially also (p)ppApp) through their synthetase and hydrolase domains, respectively. Small alarmone hydrolases (SAH) that consist of only a hydrolase domain are found in a variety of bacterial species, including the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we present the structure and mechanism of P. aeruginosa SAH showing that the enzyme promiscuously hydrolyses (p)ppGpp and (p)ppApp in a strictly manganese‐dependent manner. While being dispensable for P. aeruginosa growth or swimming, swarming, and twitching motilities, its enzymatic activity is required for biofilm formation. Moreover, (p)ppApp‐degradation by SAH provides protection against the T6SS (p)ppApp synthetase effector Tas1, suggesting that SAH enzymes can also serve as defense proteins during interbacterial competition.
The division of Ireland and its foes: The centenary of resistance to partition
Authors: Castan Pinos Jaume , McCall Cathal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCritics of partition argue that it contributes to the perpetuation, rather than the amelioration, of territorial conflict. This paper engages with the theoretical debates on partition, focusing on the particular and illustrative case of Ireland. The island has been partitioned into two polities for a century. Opposition to the partition of Ireland has existed from the outset to the contemporary Brexit context. The argument is that while hostility to partition has experienced different forms, namely, political and violent and different degrees of intensity, there is a historical continuum of contestation against partition in Ireland. While the territorial issue was calmed by the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, Brexit has reanimated the border question, providing political momentum for those who aim to challenge the territorial status quo.
JMJ17–WRKY40 and HY5–ABI5 modules regulate the expression of ABA‐responsive genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Tian‐Jing , Huang Shuangzhan , Zhang Ai , Guo Peng , Liu Yutong , Xu Chunming , Cong Weixuan , Liu Bao , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the adaptation of young seedlings to environmental stresses. However, the role of epigenetic components and core transcriptional machineries in the effect of ABA on seed germination and seedling growth remain unclear.

Here, we show that a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase, JMJ17, regulates the expression of ABA‐responsive genes during seed germination and seedling growth. Using comparative interactomics, WRKY40, a central transcriptional repressor in ABA signaling, was shown to interact with JMJ17. WRKY40 facilitates the recruitment of JMJ17 to the ABI5 chromatin, which removes gene activation marks (H3K4me3) from the ABI5 chromatin, thereby repressing its expression.

Additionally, WRKY40 represses the transcriptional activation activity of HY5, which can activate ABI5 expression by directly binding to its promoter. An increase in ABA concentrations decreases the affinity of WRKY40 for the ABI5 promoter. Thus, WRKY40 and JMJ17 are released from the ABI5 chromatin, activating HY5. The accumulated ABI5 protein further shows heteromeric interaction with HY5, and thus synergistically activates its own expression.

Our findings reveal a novel transcriptional switch, composed of JMJ17–WRKY40 and HY5–ABI5 modules, which regulates the ABA response during seed germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis.
A novel fully immersive virtual reality environment for upper extremity rehabilitation in patients with stroke
Authors: Mekbib Destaw B. , Debeli Dereje Kebebew , Zhang Li , Fang Shan , Shao Yuling , Yang Wei , Han Jiawei , Jiang Hongjie , Zhu Junming , Zhao Zhiyong , Cheng Ruidong , Ye Xiangming , Zhang Jianmin , Xu Dongrong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven the rising incidence of stroke, several technology‐driven methods for rehabilitation have recently been developed. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising therapeutic technology among them. We recently developed a neuroscientifically grounded VR system to aid recovery of motor function poststroke. The developed system provides unilateral and bilateral upper extremity (UE) training in a fully immersive virtual environment that may stimulate and activate mirror neurons (MNs) in the brain necessary for UE rehabilitation. Twenty‐three participants were randomized to a VR group (n = 12) to receive VR intervention (8 h within 2 weeks) plus 8‐h occupational therapy (OT) or a control group (n = 11) to receive time‐matched OT alone. Treatment effects on motor recovery and cortical reorganization were investigated using the Barthel Index (BI), Fugl‐Meyer Upper Extremity (FM‐UE), and resting‐state fMRI. Both groups significantly improved BI (P< 0.05), reflecting the recovery of UE motor function. The VR group revealed significant improvements on FM‐UE scores (P< 0.05) than the control group. Neural activity increased after the intervention, particularly in the brain areas implicating MNs, such as in the primary motor cortex. Overall, results suggested that using a neuroscientifically grounded VR system might offer additional benefits for UE rehabilitation in patients receiving OT.
Uncovering Regimes in Out of Sample Forecast Errors from Predictive Regressions*
Authors: Emiliano Da Silva Neto Anibal , Gonzalo Jesús , Pitarakis Jean‐Yves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce a set of test statistics for assessing the presence of regimes in out of sample forecast errors produced by recursively estimated linear predictive regressions that can accommodate multiple highly persistent predictors. Our test statistics are designed to be robust to the chosen starting window size and are shown to be both consistent and locally powerful. Their limiting null distributions are also free of nuisance parameters and hence robust to the degree of persistence of the predictors. Our methods are subsequently applied to the predictability of the value premium whose dynamics are shown to be characterized by state dependence.
A novel prognostic score based on systemic inflammatory biomarkers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhuang Zhaocheng , Li Yanfen , Hong Yihong , Chen Lin , Qian Jiawen , Lin Jing , Chen Qing , Qiu Yu , Lin Lisong , Shi Bin , Pan Lizhen , Zheng Xiaoyan , Wang Jing , Liu Fengqiong , He Baochang , Chen Fa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the prognostic value of systemic inflammatory biomarkers (albumin/globulin ratio [AGR], neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR], and platelet/lymphocyte ratio [PLR]) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and further develop a novel prognostic score (AGR‐NLR).MethodsA large‐scale prospective study enrolling 792 eligible patients from December 2002 to June 2018 was carried out at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Three multivariate Cox regression models were performed to assess the association of overall survival (OS) with systemic inflammatory biomarkers, quantified by Akaike information criterion (AIC). Then, a novel AGR‐NLR score was established and incorporated into a prognostic nomogram.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, the increased AGR was associated with a reduced risk of death. Conversely, the higher NLR and PLR, the worse the OS. In the multivariate Cox regression models, AGR and NLR were stably independent prognostic indicators in all models, with Model 2 showing a lowest AIC (AGR: HR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.41–0.78; NLR: HR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.07–3.04). Then, a novel AGR‐NLR score was established, which showed a more excellent performance than either AGR or NLR alone (area under curve [AUC]: 0.589, 0.559, and 0.556, respectively). The C‐index of the nomogram based on AGR‐NLR was superior to that of traditional TNM staging system (C‐index: 0.658 versus. 0.596, p < .001). Similar results were also showed by decision curve analysis, indicating the nomogram had more positive net benefit compared to TNM staging system.ConclusionThe novel AGR‐NLR score is strongly associated with outcome in patients with OSCC and could be serve as a useful tool to accurately predict the OS of OSCC patients.
Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions during childhood and outcomes of subsequent anesthesia
Authors: Karaatmaca Betul , Sahiner Umit Murat , Sekerel Bulent Enis , Soyer Ozge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric perioperative hypersensitivity reactions are rare, and possibly life‐threatening. Identification of precise etiology is crucial to circumvent future re‐exposures.AimsWe aim to evaluate the clinical features and triggers of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions in children, and determine the outcomes of subsequent general anesthesia.MethodsA retrospective study was performed with patients who underwent skin testing for general anesthesia between 2007 and 2019. We noted demographic features and skin tests (neuromuscular blocking agents, induction agents, and antibiotics). We also recorded specific immunoglobulin Es or provocation results of drugs or substances (latex, chlorhexidine, and ethylene oxide) that patients were exposed to antecedent to the reaction. Telephone interviews were performed to determine the current status of the participants and reconsider subsequent anesthesia.ResultsWe enrolled 50 children (58% male) with a suspected perioperative hypersensitivity reaction. The median age was 6.67 (4.4‐11.5) years, and the median time between the reaction, and skin tests was 4 (1‐36) months. The most common potential causative agents were neuromuscular blocking agents (n = 8), midazolam (n = 3), ketamine (n = 2), and propofol (n = 1). Three children exhibited hypersensitivity to more than one general anesthetics, and three patients were allergic to latex. Thirty‐one patients received subsequent anesthesia, and only one patient had a hypersensitivity reaction. A previous history multiple of general anesthesia administration (≥2) increased the risk of reaction to neuromuscular blocking agents.ConclusionData on perioperative hypersensitivity reactions during childhood are rare due to limited diagnostic procedures. Different preference of general anesthetics may change the causative agent. Meticulous evaluation is necessary to safely administer subsequent anesthesia.
The 5′‐upstream region of WRKY18 transcription factor from banana is a stress‐inducible promoter with strong expression in guard cells
Authors: Tak Himanshu , Negi Sanjana , Ganapathi Thumballi R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing crop productivity in an ever‐changing environmental scenario is a major challenge for maintaining the food supply worldwide. Generation of crops having broad‐spectrum pathogen resistance with the ability to cope with water scarcity is the only solution to feed the expanding world population. Stomatal closure has implications on pathogen colonization and drought tolerance. Recent studies have provided novel insights into networks involved in stomatal closure which is being used in biotechnological applications for improving crop endurance. Despite that genetic engineering of stomata requires guard cell preferred or specific regulatory regions to avoid undesirable side effects. In the present study, we describe the 5′‐upstream regulatory region of the WRKY18 transcription factor of banana and functionally analyzed its stress meditated activation and strong guard cell preferred activity. Expression of MusaWRKY18 is augmented in leaves of banana cultivars Karibale Monthan, Rasthali and Grand Nain under multiple stress conditions suggesting its role in stress responses of banana plants. Transgenic tobacco lines harboring PMusaWRKY18‐β‐D‐glucuronidase (GUS) were regenerated and GUS staining demonstrated substantial GUS expression in guard cells which corroborates with multiple Dof1 binding cis‐elements in PMusaWRKY18. Fluorescent β‐galactosidase assay demonstrated the stress‐mediated strong induction profiles of PMusaWRKY18 at different time points in transgenic tobacco lines exposed to drought, high‐salinity, cold, and applications of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon. This study sheds novel insights into guard cell preferred expression of WRKY genes under stress and confirm the utility of PMusaWRKY18 for exploring guard cell functions and guard cell engineering.
Political Representation as Interpretation: A Contribution to Deliberative Constitutionalism
Authors: Bello Hutt Donald 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analogises political representation to legal interpretation. It then applies the analogy to the hitherto neglected question of what political representation means for deliberative constitutionalism. The upshot is a conception of deliberative constitutionalism that, while uncompromisingly grounded in the reasoned expression of the preferences of a polity's constituents through deliberative democratic institutional innovations, mandates representatives to translate those preferences into general and abstract constitutional law. It thus enhances the deliberative contribution of citizens in the determination of constitutional meaning, while preserving the value of representative institutions.
Freshwater pearl culture in Mexico: historic context, present status and future perspectives
Authors: Saucedo Pedro E. , Acosta‐Salmón Héctor , McLaurin‐Moreno Douglas , Castillo‐Domínguez Alfonso , Melgar‐Valdés Carolina E. , Mazón‐Suástegui José M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe revise the historic context of freshwater pearl culture in Asia, updating the present situation and perspectives of this activity in Mexico, and, possibly, in some Latin American countries. The review is based on the results of ten years of research conducted in southeast Mexico (state of Tabasco) to firstly determine the demography of freshwater mussel stocks and, based on this information, identify a target species with a higher potential for pearl farming: the fatmucket mussel Psoronaias crocodilorum. The main advances relative to the seeding technique for keshi pearl production and composite technique for half‐pearl (mabe) production are detailed and placed under perspective with China, as today's greatest producer of freshwater pearls. After ten years, several cohorts of keshi and mabe pearls have been produced, representing the first of their kind in Latin America. Although the yield and quality of these pearls has gradually been improved, some aspects of the keshi technique (preparation and seeding of the donor's mantle into the host's mantle) still require further optimisation. To promote social development, one of the goals of the project included the involvement of local communities in the manufacture and selling of handcrafts made from the shell. The other goal was to share the main outcomes derived from the keshi and mabe techniques with academics, producers, and government authorities through a series of training workshops aimed to create awareness in the local communities for the potential of freshwater pearl culture in Tabasco as an aquaculture‐based, environmentally friendly and viable model for socioeconomic development.
Drinking Water Consumption Patterns among Private Well Users in Ontario: Implications for Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Infection
Authors: Lavallee Sarah , Latchmore Tessa , Hynds Paul D. , Brown R. Stephen , Schuster‐Wallace Corinne , Anderson Sarah Dickson‐ , Majury Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the water consumption patterns within a specific population informs development of increasingly accurate, spatially specific exposure and/or risk assessment of waterborne infection. The current study examined the consumption patterns of private well users in Ontario while considering potentially influential underlying sociodemographics, household characteristics, and experiential factors. A province‐wide online survey was circulated between May and August 2018 (n = 1,162). Overall, 81.5% of respondents reported daily well water consumption (i.e., tap water). Results indicate a mean daily well water consumption rate of 1,132 mL/day (SD = 649 mL/day) among well water consumers. Gender was significantly associated with well water consumption, with higher consumption rates found among female respondents. The experience of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) symptoms or diagnosis in the past 12 months did not impact the volume of water consumed, suggesting that experiencing previous AGI does not decrease consumption volumes, and therefore exposure over time. Significantly higher rates of well water consumption were found among respondents who reported previous testing or ongoing water treatment. Approximately 45.5% of survey respondents who stated that they do not consume well water selected bottled water as their primary household drinking water supply. Bottled water consumption was also not associated with previous AGI experiences. Findings will inform future quantitative microbial risk assessments associated with private well water use by providing spatially and demographically specific estimates of well water consumption.