bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Peltonen Tuomas 
Published: December 2021

Stone and Barbero made a careful study of a number of children with abdominal distress and arrived at the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. However, a more comprehensive entity was probably involved. Abdominal symptom is only one of many symptoms encountered in this syndrome. As the authors also stated there is headache, pallor, syncope, vertigo, and poor appetite. Certain circulatory symptoms also belong to this same syndrome. I described them in 1956.1
I see this syndrome as an entity which can be entered under the heading of neurovegetative dystonia.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Katz Samuel L. 
Published: December 2021

For the Academys' Committee on Infectious Diseases, Dr. Katz writes as follows:
Dr. Lewak has underlined a troublesome confusion in names which has plagued physicians, patients, and parents. The single letter substitution which barely distinguishes rubella from rubeola is too subtle. The use of a national modifier ("German") which implies that rubella is merely another type of measles, is biologically, historically, and semantically unsound. Would that the confusion were limited to laymen alone! Many an obstetrician has telephoned or written to inquire about a pregnant woman with "measles," when his concern was obviously about rubella.
Psychiatry and the Army Brat, by Victor R. Gonzales, M.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1970, 87 pp., $6.50
Authors: Biehusen Frederick C. 
Published: December 2021

After reading this book the reviewer's mood changed from one of happy anticipation to one of complete disenchantment.
To help make his points the author, a psychiatrist who recently completed 2 years' service in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army, selects isolated case histories with the result that one not familiar with service life gains the impression that the average military family has far more problems than its civilian counterpart.
Chapter Two entitled "Discipline: Authority Miscarried" is a case in point.
THE ROLE OF THE PEDIATRICIAN IN RHEUMATIC FEVER CONTROL
Authors: M. E. A. 
Published: December 2021

The following breakdown of the cost of a "strep only" throat culture came to my attention too late for inclusion in the above Commentary. This accounting was prepared by a university hospital laboratory director as justification for charging $7.50 for each such culture. The technique employed is the inoculation of a sheep blood agar plate plus two weak bacitracin disks for differentiation of group A from other hemolytic streptococci.
See Table in the PDF File
Obviously 40 minutes of personnel time (exclusive of professional supervision) is unreasonable. Granting that many other factors require consideration, ranging from the expense of a case of rheumatic fever on the one hand to the fact that the laboratory helps support other facets of hospital operation on the other, this cost is clearly prohibitive. Pediatricians and laboratory directors must find a better way.–
THE EFFECT OF FASTING ON DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: McNeill L. K. , Hamilton J. R. 
Published: December 2021

We assessed intestinal structure, mucosal epithelial kinetics, and disaccharidase activities after fasting. Rats fasted for up to 120 hours were compared with control rats fed ad libitum. All rats had free access to water and all were prevented from ingesting their own stools. Body weight, small intestinal weight and mucosal protein, and maltase and sucrase activity of the total small intestine decreased in fasted rats. Lactase activity did not decrease. Specific activity of lactase actually increased in the jejunum. Assessed after a 96-hour fast, jejunal villi were shortened with less epithelial cells along their length and the rate of migration of those cells along the villi was diminished in the fasted rats compared with control rats.
We attribute the decreased total intestinal sucrase and maltase activities to a loss of total epithelial cell mass in the small bowel. An abnormality in the cells of the progenitor zone of the crypts is suggested by the decreased migration rate of mucosal epithelial cells in fasting rats. These factors do not explain our observations completely since lactase activity did not diminish. We postulate that the activity of the "acid" β-galactosidase located in the cytoplasm or lysosomes of the epithelial cells was stimulated by fasting.
Our observations are relevant to clinical pediatrics. Undernutrition and fasting my be associated with many childhood diseases and with treatment of disease. In assessing clinical data and advising treatment, the pediatrician should be aware of the potentially harmful effects of starvation on intestinal structure and function.
INTRA-UTERINE UNDERNUTRITION AND BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Chase H. Peter , Dabiere Carol S. , Welch N. Noreen , O'Brien Donough 
Published: December 2021

The guinea pig, like the human, initiates the period of rapid brain growth in utero and thus provides a model for measuring the effects of maternal malnutrition on intra-uterine brain growth.
In these studies the newborn of undernourished guinea pig mothers showed significant reductions in body weight and brain weight, cellularity, protein, cholesterol, cerebroside, and sulfatide contents. The reductions in wet brain weight and protein content were significant for cerebellum but not for cerebrum.
Animals undernourished in utero and fed normally after birth showed normal whole brain weight, cerebroside and sulfatide contents, and normal cerebrum cellularity by adulthood. However, the type of cells increasing in the cerebrum during postnatal rehabilitation is unknown. Wet weight and cellularity were still diminished by 22% and 17%, respectively, in the adult cerebella. The results suggest that adequate postnatal nutrition will offset some, though not all of the brain biochemical changes resulting from fetal undernutrition.
One More Danger from Toys
Authors: RementeríA José Luis , Coleman Allan B. 
Published: December 2021

Recently, in the press, there has been some publicity with regard to the various dangers found in toys. Several weeks ago, we had an incident on one of our pediatric wards which we thought could be informative to other physicians, nurses, and interested personnel.
An 11-month-old female infant was admitted to our pediatric ward due to a convulsive disorder and bronchitis. After 11 days of hospitalization, she was doing well and was about to be discharged.
The Drug Users: The Psychopharmacology of Turning On, by A. E. Wilder Smith, D.Sc., Ph.D., Dr.es.Sc., F.R.I.C. Wheaton, Illinois: Harold Shaw Publishers, 1970, 294 pp., $5.95
Authors: Blaine Graham B. 
Published: December 2021

This book, written by a professor of pharmacology at The University of Illinois Medical Center, ranges over a vast spectrum by using drugs as a taking off place. Cardinal Mindszenty's trial, astrology, extrasensory perception, REM sleep, and fundamentalist religion are all woven into Professor Smith's discussion of the place of drugs in our present youth culture.
The book starts with seven chapters devoted to a fairly detailed description of the pharmacological properties of certain drugs.
METHADONE AND CHILDREN
Authors: Blatman Saul 
Published: December 2021

The increasing use of methadone maintenance (substitution) programs1-3 in the treatment of adult heroin addiction has created situations for children which require the attention of pediatricians. Methadone is an analgesic drug. In urban areas, thousands of heroin addicts are now receiving high dosage of methadone, usually 80 to 120 mg daily. This approach to heroin addiction has met with greater success than any other form of treatment. It is expected that increasing numbers of heroin addicts will be treated in the near future by this method throughout the United States and Canada.4
Pediatricians should focus on three aspects of the problem as follows:
Cardiac Arrhythmias from Chloral Hydrate
Authors: Silver Walter , Stier Moishe 
Published: December 2021

The article in Pediatrics for January, 19711 points out that reports of significant cardiac arrhythmias caused by chloral hydrate are rare.
This drug has been used regularly as a hypnotic by our pediatric neurology department prior to electroencephalography, and no cardiac complications have ever been noted. In 12 consecutive children undergoing electroencephalography we studied electrocardiographic tracings taken before chioral hydrate was given and after the patient was asleep.
The doses of chloral hydrate used in our patients were somewhat higher than those recommended, but we never reached the value considered by the author as toxic.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Filer L. J. 
Published: December 2021

Doctor Filer comments as follows:
If we define nutritional iron deficiency on the basis of a hemoglobin level less than 10 gm per 100 ml, the incidence of this deficiency state among infants of middle-upper socioeconomic groups appears to range from 3 to 8%.1-3 In a nutritional survey of children 1 to 6 years of age composited to resemble the U.S., Owen and co-workers found the incidence of nutritional iron deficiency among infants 12 to 23 months of age to be 6%.4
Modern Perspectives in Child Psychiatry: Modern Perspectives in Psychiatry, No. 1, edited by John C. Howells. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971, 605 pp., $20.00
Authors: Aug Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

Lamentably, this compendium of comprehensive, high-quality articles on a wide range of topics is a reprint of a book published in 1965. Not a second edition, but a literal reprint. Not only is the content of every article unchanged (including all the bibliographies), but even the paging is identical throughout.
Before elucidating further this unearthedtime-capsule phenomenon (and giving it some justification) let us enumerate the specific topics covered. The book is divided into two sections: Part One, entitled "Scientific Basis of Child Psychiatry," and Part Two, "Clinical Aspects of Child Psychiatry."
EXPIRATORY GRUNTING IN THE LATE CLAMPED NORMAL NEONATE
Authors: Yao A. C. , Lind J. , Vuorenkoski V. 
Published: December 2021

Clinical observation on 57 normal term neonates was carried out in regard to respiratory frequency, pattern, and occurrence of expiratory grunting from birth through the first hours of life. In addition to the above observation, 29 infants had simultaneous graphic recordings of their respiratory cycles as sensed by a nasal thermistor and sounds over the tracheal region by a contact microphone. Fourteen infants had their breath and grunting sounds, when present, tape recorded from the moment of birth.
Expiratory grunting was observed in 13 of 33 infants whose umbilical cords were clamped late (3 to 5 minutes after birth); while no one demonstrated this sign among the 24 early clamped infants (cords clamped within 5 to 10 seconds of birth). Grunting, when present, started within the first half hour of life with peak frequency at 30 to 60 minutes and, in most, disappeared gradually by the end of the second to the fourth hour. It is suggested that in the presence of an overdistended circulatory system in the late clamped infants, expiratory grunting serves as a compensatory mechanism in some to better achieve respiratory adaptation at birth when conditions are less than optimal.
Teen-age Pregnancy: The Family Background
Authors: Shatkin Eugene P. 
Published: December 2021

I read the statement of the Committee on Youth concerning teen-age pregnancy and the problem of abortion and I am concerned that they have overlooked or elected to omit comment on more basic problems preceding the pregnancy crisis of the unmarried teen-ager.
Teen-agers of both sexes need advocates and adequate counseling for resolving this crisis. More importantly, I feel, they need an aware primary physician who recognizes the pregnancy as only that part of a larger problem that shows.
MENKES'S KINKY HAIR SYNDROME
Authors: Danks David M. , Campbell Peter E. , Stevens Brian J. , Mayne Valerie , Cartwright Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Seven new cases of Menkes's kinky hair syndrome are described from five families. These patients were seen in a period of 3 years in Melbourne and the frequency of the disease is estimated to be 1 in 35,000 live births. Seven other affected males were present in these families and each pedigree was compatible with X-linked inherintance.
Hypothermia was noted to be an important clinical feature which has escaped previous attention. Widespread arterial tortuosity and variation in the lumen of arteries has been demonstrated by arteriography and by microscopic examination at necropsy. Fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina is seen in the arterial walls with thickening of the intima in the most severely affected vessels. This process can lead to complete obliteration of major arteries. Involvement of cerebral arteries is the probable cause of the gliosis and cystic degeneration seen in the brain. Metachromasia was observed in fibroblasts cultured from patients and from heterozygous females.
Low levels of serum copper and ceruloplasmin were found in all patients studied and a defect in the intestinal absorption of copper has been demonstrated. This appears to be the basic defect in the disease and copper deficiency provides an adequate explanation of all the features of the disease. Parenteral administration of copper may prove therapeutically effective.
These findings suggest many new lines of research on copper metabolism and trace metal deficiency.
CHILDREN'S GAMES
Authors: Iona  , Opie Peter 
Published: December 2021

In the past, traditional games were thought to be dying out, few people cared, and the games continued to flourish. In the present day we assume children to have lost the ability to entertain themselves, we become concerned, and are liable, by our concern, to make what is not true a reality. In the long run, nothing extinguishes self-organized play more effectively than does action to promote it. It is not only natural but beneficial that there should be a gulf between the generations in their choice of recreation. Those people are happiest who can most rely on their own resources; and it is to be wondered whether middle-class children in the United States will ever reach maturity ‘whose playtime has become almost as completely organized and supervised as their study’ (Carl Withers). If children's games are tamed and made part of school curricula, if wastelands are turned into playingfields for the benefit of those who conform and ape their elders, if children are given the idea that they cannot enjoy themselves without being provided with the ‘proper’ equipment, we need blame only ourselves when we produce a generation who have lost their dignity, who are ever dissatisfied, and who descend for their sport to the easy excitement of rioting, or pilfering, or vandalism. But to say that children should be allowed this last freedom, to play their own games in their own way, is scarcely to say more than John Locke said almost three centuries ago:
‘Children have as much a Mind to shew that they are free, that their own good Actions come from themselves, that they are absolute and independent, as any of the proudest of your grown Men.’
Drugs (e.g., Hexachiorophene), the FDA, and the AAP
Authors: Marks Ira 
Published: December 2021

Although it is now six months since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) originally approached the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding the potential dangers of hexachlorophene, the Academy (through its Committee on Fetus and Newborn) still seems to be basing its decision on three (unconfirmed) studies referred to in the FDA Bulletin of December 1971.
If the Academy is to become involved in the FDA decision (and I agree that it should) is it not mandatory that we set up specific criteria that must be met before we agree or disagree with any FDA announcement? Simply because the FDA does, must we feel obliged to make decisions on the basis of a few studies which have been repeated by no one? Apparently the Committee has felt so, since it made its recommendation after "reviewing all the available information," i.e., a few unconfirmed studies.
H. influenzae Meningitis: Ampicillin or Chloramphenicol Treatment?
Authors: Slungaard Rolv K. 
Published: December 2021

The letter from Dr. Marder concerning the use of ampicillin for Hemophilus influenzae meningitis and the reply from the Committee on Infectious Diseases brought to mind a patient who recently was treated by us for that disease.
The child had been diagnosed as having meningitis and received penicillin elsewhere for two weeks with no good response. A lumbar puncture at the time she was seen by us revealed 1,100 cells, protein of 106 mg/100 ml and sugar of 40 mg/100 ml. Gram stain showed gram-negative rods which were identifled as H. influenzae.
FETAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION, AND GLUCOSE UPTAKE IN A CHRONIC SHEEP PREPARATION
Authors: James Elizabeth J. , Raye John R. , Gresham Edwin L. , Makowski Edgar L. , Meschia Giacomo , Battaglia Frederick C. 
Published: December 2021

Metabolic studies were carried out in 22 sheep fetuses free of operative stress. The studies included measurements of umbilical blood flow (175 ± 8 ml/min/kg), fetal oxygen consumption (5.99 ± 0.15 ml/min/kg), carbon dioxide production (5.65 ± 0.17 ml/min/kg), glucose uptake (3.06 ± 0.28 mg/min/kg), respiratory quotient (0.94 ± 0.01), and glucose/oxygen quotient·(0.41 ± 0.03).
The studies demonstrated that fetal glucose uptake could be correlated with the glucose concentration difference betsveen maternal arterial and fetal umbilical arterial blood, as well as with maternal arterial glucose concentration. Umbilical arterial glucose concentration was a function of maternal arterial concentration over the concentration range studied. The study demonstrates that the fetal respiratory quotient is significantly less than one. These data suggest that the accumulation of carbon in the fetus for growth represents approximately 40% of the carbon intake in the growing fetal lamb.
RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN, HEADACHE AND LIMB PAINS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Øster Jakob 
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain, headache, and growing pains has been investigated in an eight-year long longitudinal study on the basis of a nonselected population of school children. The prevalence of these pains was 14.4%, 20.6%, and 15.5%, respectively.
Abdominal pain seems to reach a maximum at 9 years of age and headache about three years later. All three sorts of pain show a declining frequency toward adulthood. The ultimate prognosis appears to be dubious.
An inquiry into the families of children with and without recurrent pain shows that these pains are part of a reaction pattern in families with an exceptional pain proneness.
PEDIATRIC PERCEPTIONS: JUMPING THE GENERATION GAP WITH SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND EIGHTH GRADE BOYS
Authors: Wilson James R. 
Published: December 2021

The generation gap is supposed to create a great chasm over which it is often quite impossible to communicate. Much of what seems wrong with the younger generation is credited to the unwillingness of the young to listen. For this dilemma I think I have found a cure.
It is just this: Skip a generation; let the grandfather figures do the communicating and carrying of messages. It works!
What a revelation it has been to find that with ease I can communicate effectively with sixth, seventh, and eighth grade boys. Our discussions last as long as 90 minutes. Their interest doesn't waiver; they look me straight in the eye; their questions are intelligent and pertinent. I doubt that this would happen as easily if I were 30 years younger than I am.
Apparently these boys view me as a friendly grandfather figure with whom it is safe and useful to discuss personal and scientific matters, even though I am a member of the establishment.
Here is how it goes: In our schools we show a film entitled "Human Growth." This film covers the essentials of human growth and development from the fertilized ovum to birth and on through adolescence.
After the showing of the film, which takes 15 to 20 minutes, the meeting is opened for questions.
The teacher introduces me. I amplify the teacher's introduction with a few remarks about as follows:
"Would any of you boys like to guess how old I am?" Some student politely underestimates my age.
Leukocyte β-Galactosidase Activity in GM1-Gangliosidosis
Authors: Young Elisabeth , Ellis R. B. , Patrick A. D. 
Published: December 2021

The recent article by Singer et al. entitled "Leukocyte beta-Galactosidase Activity in the Diagnosis of Generalized GM1-Gangliosidosis," prompts us to report the results of two years of routine service assay of this enzyme in leukocytes using the alternative substrate, 4-methyl-umbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside.
The β-galactosidase assay medium contained McIlvaine phosphate-citric acid buffer, pH, 4.1 (40µl); 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside (1 mM in buffer, 150µl) and leukocyte extract in 0.2 MKCl (10µl). After incubation for 15 minutes at 30°C, the reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.25 M glycine-NaOH, pH, 10.4 (1 ml) and the fluorescence measured.
GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE
Authors: Keenan Bruce S. , Killmer Lewis B. , Sode Jonas 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-five healthy children who were not growth hormone-deficient were tested for growth hormone secretion using a standardized exercise protocol. Mean human growth hormone (HGH) values for the group were: resting, 5.7 ± 1.0 ng/ml (SEM); after 20 minutes exercise, 11.8 ± 1.5 ng/ml (SEM); and 40 minutes after beginning protocol, 10.5 ± 1.7 ng/ml (SEM). The mean maximal value for the test, 13.7 ± 1.7 ng/ml (SEM), compared favorably with other standard tests of HGH secretion.
Twenty (80%) had values greater than 6.0 ng/ml on the first test. Twenty-three (92%) had values greater than 6.0 ng/ml when the better of two tests was selected. None had values of 3.0 ng/ml or less.
It is suggested that this test is a reliable stimulus to GH secretion. It has three advantages: it can be done on only three blood samples, in the outpatient clinic, and without the administration of any drug.
A Handbook of Pre-natal Paediatrics for Obstetricians and Paediatricians, edited by Gifford F. Batstone, M.B., B.S., Alastair W. Blair, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.P.E., D.C.H., and Jack M. Slater, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C.O.G. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1971, 225 pp., $10.00
Authors: Hobbins John C. 
Published: December 2021

The British authors have chosen to call this a "handbook." It may be a handbook in size but not in content. It contains more pertinent information relating to the expanding field of perinatology than most of the bulkier texts on my shelf. Although detail and filigree have been sacrificed, the book is far from dry.
In the early chapters the reader is given a concise account of fetal monitoring by interpretation of continuous fetal heart rate patterns and information obtained from scalp sampling.
Vomiting In Utero: Another Case?
Authors: Millunchick Edward W. 
Published: December 2021

An article in Pediatrics described vomiting of bile in utero as a sign of possible high intestinal obstruction. I would like to report a similar case.
Baby girl P, birth weight 2,510 gm, was the firstborn of twins delivered shortly after the membranes ruptured. Green amniotic fluid was noted. At birth the infant was slightly depressed. The vocal cords were visualized and some green material was suctioned from the larynx. The infant was then ventilated with bag and mask for a short period of time.