bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual assessment of [18F]flutemetamol PET images can detect early amyloid pathology and grade its extent
Authors: Collij Lyduine E. , Salvadó Gemma , Shekari Mahnaz , Lopes Alves Isadora , Reimand Juhan , Wink Alle Meije , Zwan Marissa , Niñerola-Baizán Aida , Perissinotti Andrés , Scheltens Philip , Ikonomovic Milos D. , Smith Adrian P. L. , Farrar Gill , Molinuevo José Luis , Barkhof Frederik , Buckley Christopher J. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Gispert Juan Domingo ,   For the ALFA study,   On behalf of the AMYPAD consortium
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the sensitivity of visual read (VR) to detect early amyloid pathology and the overall utility of regional VR.

Methods
[18F]Flutemetamol PET images of 497 subjects (ALFA+ N = 352; ADC N = 145) were included. Scans were visually assessed according to product guidelines, recording the number of positive regions (0–5) and a final negative/positive classification. Scans were quantified using the standard and regional Centiloid (CL) method. The agreement between VR-based classification and published CL-based cut-offs for early (CL = 12) and established (CL = 30) pathology was determined. An optimal CL cut-off maximizing Youden’s index was derived. Global and regional CL quantification was compared to VR. Finally, 28 post-mortem cases from the [18F]flutemetamol phase III trial were included to assess the percentage agreement between VR and neuropathological classification of neuritic plaque density.

Results
VR showed excellent agreement against CL = 12 (κ = .89, 95.2%) and CL = 30 (κ = .88, 95.4%) cut-offs. ROC analysis resulted in an optimal CL = 17 cut-off against VR (sensitivity = 97.9%, specificity = 97.8%). Each additional positive VR region corresponded to a clear increase in global CL. Regional VR was also associated with regional CL quantification. Compared to mCERADSOT-based classification (i.e., any region mCERADSOT > 1.5), VR was in agreement in 89.3% of cases, with 13 true negatives, 12 true positives, and 3 false positives (FP). Regional sparse-to-moderate neuritic and substantial diffuse Aβ plaque was observed in all FP cases. Regional VR was also associated with regional plaque density.

Conclusion
VR is an appropriate method for assessing early amyloid pathology and that grading the extent of visual amyloid positivity could present clinical value.
Botulinum Toxin Versus Placebo: A Meta-Analysis of Treatment and Quality-of-life Outcomes for Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Obed Doha , Salim Mustafa , Bingoel Alperen S. , Hofmann Thurid R. , Vogt Peter M. , Krezdorn Nicco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims
This study aims at assessing the treatment effect, disease severity and quality-of-life outcomes of botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for focal hyperhidrosis.

Methods
We included randomized controlled trials of BTX injections compared with placebo for patients with primary or secondary focal hyperhidrosis. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched to August 2020. Gravimetric sweat rate reduction, disease severity measured by Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and quality-of-life assessment measured by Dermatology Life Quality Index were the outcomes of interest. Cochrane risk-of-bias tools were employed for quality assessment of given randomized controlled trials.

Results
Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (n=937). Overall, risk bias was mixed and mostly moderate. BTX injections showed reduced risk in comparison with placebo for the gravimetric quantitative sweat reduction of > 50 % from baseline (risk difference: 0.63, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.74). Additionally, improvements were seen for disease severity and quality-of-life assessments evaluated by Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Score reduction of ≥ 2 points (risk difference: 0.56, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.69) and mean change in Dermatology Life Quality Index (mean difference: − 5.55, 95% CI − 7.11 to − 3.98). The acquired data were insufficient to assess for long-term outcomes and limited to an eight-week follow-up period.

Conclusions
In focal axillary hyperhidrosis, BTX significantly reduces sweat production and yields superior outcomes in assessments of disease severity and quality-of-life. However, the quality-of-evidence is overall moderate and included studies account for short-term trial periods only. Further studies assessing BTX in comparison with first-line treatments for hyperhidrosis are warranted.

Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Gummy Smile: Mercado-Rosso Classification System and Dynamic Restructuring with Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Mercado-García Jorge , Rosso Paula , Gonzalvez-García Mar , Colina Jesús , Fernández José Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGummy smile (GS) is a nonpathological condition causing esthetic disharmony in which an excessive amount of gingival tissue is exposed when smiling. Nowadays, there is not unanimous agreement regarding both classification and management of GS. This study aimed to present an organized and comprehensive clinical classification of the GS, as well as to discuss a therapeutic approach, with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers.MethodsThis study is presenting the clinical experience of the authors regarding GS.ResultsThe Mercado-Rosso GS classification has into account aesthetic aspects, etiopathogenetic criteria, and functional aspects of the smile. According to Mercado-Rosso GS-classification-system, GS is divided into 3-types: Type 1, characterized by a lack of support and/or a lack of projection of the upper maxilla; Type 2, due to an imbalance between the strength (excess) and the resistance (defect) of the levator muscles; and Type 3, defined by an excessive strength of the zygomatic muscles, which causes a wide smile and an excessive visualization of the molar teeth.ConclusionsThe Mercado-Rosso GS classification system is a tool that facilitates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the gummy smile. RD Dynamic Restructuring® constitutes a comprehensive therapeutic approach that makes reference to both the effect of the HA filler on the muscle movement and the balance between the muscle strength and the resistance of the soft tissue to be folded in different facial structures). Level of evidence: Level V.
Orange is the new white: taxonomic revision of Tritonia species (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island
Authors: Rossi Maria Eleonora , Avila Conxita , Moles Juan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmong nudibranch molluscs, the family Tritoniidae gathers taxa with an uncertain phylogenetic position, such as some species of the genus Tritonia Cuvier, 1798. Currently, 37 valid species belong to this genus and only three of them are found in the Southern Ocean, namely T. challengeriana Bergh, 1884, T. dantarti Ballesteros & Avila, 2006, and T. vorax (Odhner, 1926). In this study, we shed light on the long-term discussed systematics and taxonomy of Antarctic Tritonia species using morpho-anatomical and molecular techniques. Samples from the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island were dissected and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The three molecular markers COI, 16S, and H3 were sequenced and analysed through maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation tests clearly distinguished two species, T. challengeriana widely spread in the Southern Ocean and T. dantarti endemic to Bouvet Island. Colouration seems to be an unreliable character to differentiate among species since molecular data revealed both species can either have orange or white colour morphotypes. This variability could be explained by pigment sequestration from the soft coral species they feed on. Morphological analyses reveal differences between Antarctic and Magellanic specimens of T. challengeriana. However, the relationship between T. challengeriana specimens from these two regions remains still unclear due to the lack of molecular data. Therefore, the validity of the T. antarctica Martens & Pfeffer, 1886, exclusively found in Antarctic waters requires further systematic work.
The negative aftermath of prostate biopsy: prophylaxis, complications and antimicrobial stewardship: results of the global prevalence study of infections in urology 2010–2019
Authors: Alidjanov Jakhongir F. , Cai Tommaso , Bartoletti Riccardo , Bonkat Gernot , Bruyère Franck , Köves Béla , Kulchavenya Ekaterina , Medina-Polo José , Naber Kurt , Perepanova Tamara , Pilatz Adrian , Tandogdu Zafer , Bjerklund Johansen Truls E. , Wagenlehner Florian M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and report the complications, and to analyse antimicrobial stewardship aspects following prostate biopsies (P-Bx) based on the data from a 9-year global study.MethodsThe primary outcome was to compare complications after P-Bx between patients of two cohorts: 2010–2014 and 2016–2019. Primary outcomes included symptoms of lower and severe/systemic urinary tract infection (LUTIS and SUTIS, respectively), and positive urine culture. Readmission to hospital after P-Bx, need for additional antimicrobial therapy, consumption of different antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis and therapy were evaluated. Studentsttest and chi-square test were used for comparative analyses.ResultsOutcome data were available for 1615 men. Fluoroquinolones-based prophylaxis rate increased from 72.0% in 2010–2014 to 78.6% in 2015–2019. Overall rates of complications increased from 6 to 11.7% including an increase in symptomatic complications from 4.7 to 10.2%, mainly due to an increase in LUTIS. Rates of patients seeking additional medical help in primary care after P-Bx increased from 7.4 to 14.4%; cases requiring post P-Bx antibiotic treatment increased from 6.1 to 9.7%, most of which received fluoroquinolones. Transperineal P-Bx was significantly associated with LUTIS. Following transrectal P-Bx, 2.8% developed febrile infections and 4.0% required hospitalisation. Two men (0.12%) died after transrectal P-Bx due to sepsis.ConclusionsThe rates of complications after P-Bx tended to increase in time, as well as rates of patients seeking additional medical help in the post-P-Bx period. To reduce the risk of infectious complications and to comply with the principles of antibiotic stewardship, clinicians should switch to the transperineal biopsy route.
Polyurethane cationomers containing fluorinated soft segments with hydrophobic properties
Authors: Król Piotr , Pielichowska Kinga , Król Bożena , Nowicka Katarzyna , Walczak Małgorzata , Kowal Małgorzata 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of ecological waterborne polyurethane cationomers containing fluorinated polyol (0–20 wt.%) was successfully performed. FTIR and NMR analysis results confirmed the structure of the obtained polyurethane cationomers and incorporation of fluorinated component into the polyurethane chains. Average molar mass and phase structure of the obtained PU thin films were determined based on GPC, FTIR, WAXD and SEM-EDX results. The obtained cationomers have linear structures with clearly visible microphase separation of soft and hard segment domains; the presence of fluorinated polyol changes the strength of hydrogen bonds and in consequence degree of phase separation. The activation energy of glass transition was calculated based on multi-frequency DSC data. It has been shown that the presence of soft fluorinated segments in the cationomer structure strongly influences the hydrophobic, thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained films.
Planktic foraminiferal response to an early Paleocene transient warming event and biostratigraphic implications
Authors: Bornemann André , Jehle Sofie , Lägel Friederike , Deprez Arne , Petrizzo Maria Rose , Speijer Robert P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Latest Danian Event (LDE, ~ 62.2 Ma) is characterized by global changes in the carbon cycle as indicated by two negative δ13C excursions of up to ~ 1‰. These δ13C shifts are accompanied by a 2–3 °C warming of both surface and deep waters based on benthic and planktic foraminiferal δ18O measurements, and the LDE has, thus, been considered as a so-called hyperthermal event. The event lasted for 200 kyr and has been identified in various ocean basins and shallow marine settings. Here, we present a compilation of data from three deep-sea cores covering the Pacific, North and South Atlantic oceans as well as a southern Tethyan shelf section to document the response of planktic foraminifera assemblages to ocean warming. In all studied successions, we observe the disappearance of the planktic foraminifer genus Praemurica on a global scale that took place close to the onset of the LDE. Moreover, on the long run, praemuricids were contemporaneously replaced by morozovellids. Both the decline of Praemurica and a temperature increase started between 200 and 260 kyr before the LDE onset and were punctuated by the LDE itself. In this paper, we propose two mechanisms that have controlled the environmental changes associated with this event, (1) increased activity of the North Atlantic Igneous Province acting on long time-scales, and (2) changes of orbital parameters resulting in insolation changes on shorter time-scales.In contrast to a proposed muted benthic foraminiferal response, the planktic community has been substantially impacted by the LDE as indicated by changes in planktic foraminifera faunas and calcareous nannofossils. Finally, our quantitative and conventional approaches identifying stratigraphically important planktic foraminifera datum levels justify a revision of the upper Danian to lower Selandian planktic foraminifera biozonation.
Challenges and Barriers to HIV Care for Mexican Born Men Living in Chicago
Authors: Aguado Patricia , Ryerson-Espino Susan , Vergara-Rodriguez Pamela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Latinx men are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Research often looks at Latinx people as a heterogeneous population. This paper describes baseline characteristics and barriers to HIV care among Mexican born men enrolled in an HIV care engagement intervention at a public health clinic in Chicago.Methods: Survey and medical chart data were collected.Results: 66 Mexican born men enrolled in the project. Over half (60%) were newly diagnosed; 40% were reengaging in care or establishing care for the first time. Participants reported significant pre and postmigration concerns including poverty, social stigma, late entry to care, and concurrent health concerns, including 47% screening positive for depression. Barriers to care and mental health concerns were significantly related to Stage 3 HIV.Discussion: More prevention and intervention research is needed to ameliorate the negative socioeconomic and health ramifications of immigration and bolster mental and sexual health, reduce HIV transmission, and increase testing, linkage and care retention.
Transport coefficients and pressure conditions for growth of ice lens in frozen soil
Authors: Kjelstrup S. , Ghoreishian Amiri S. A. , Loranger B. , Gao H. , Grimstad G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the transport of sub-cooled water across a partially frozen soil matrix (frozen fringe) caused by a temperature difference over the fringe, is described using non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A set of coupled transport equations of heat and mass is presented; implying that, in the frozen fringe, both driving forces of pressure and temperature gradients simultaneously contribute to transport of water and heat. The temperature-gradient-induced water flow is the main source of frost heave phenomenon that feeds the growing ice lens. It is shown that three measurable transport coefficients are adequate to model the process; permeability (also called hydraulic conductivity), thermal conductivity and a cross coupling coefficient that may be named thermodynamic frost heave coefficient. Thus, no ad hoc parameterizations are required. The definition and experimental determination of the transport coefficients are extensively discussed in the paper. The maximum pressure that is needed to stop the growth of an ice lens, called the maximum frost heave pressure, is predicted by the proposed model. Numerical results for corresponding temperature and pressure profiles are computed using available data sets from the literature. Frost heave rates are also computed and compared with the experimental results, and reasonable agreement is achieved.
Glucagon-Producing Cell Expansion in Wistar Rats. Changes to Islet Architecture After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Bancalero-delosReyes José , Camacho-Ramírez Alonso , Fernández-Vivero José , Ribelles-García Antonio , Macías-Rodríguez Manuel , Almorza-Gomar David , Carrasco-Molinillo Carmen , Mayo-Ossorio María Ángeles , Prada-Oliveira José-Arturo , Perez-Arana Gonzalo-Martín 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Many studies about bariatric surgery have analyzed the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose improvement, beta-cell mass, and islet size modification. The effects of SG on the other endocrine cells of the pancreas, such as the alpha-cell population, and their regulatory mechanisms remain less studied.

Materials and Methods
We focused our work on the changes in the alpha-cell population after SG in a healthy model of Wistar rats. We measured alpha-cell mass, glucose tolerance, and insulin release after oral glucose tolerance tests and plasma glucagon secretion patterns after insulin infusion. Three Wistar rat groups were employed: SG-operated, surgical control (Sham), and fasting control.

Results
The results obtained showed significant increases in the alpha-cell population after SG. The result was an increase in beta-cell transdifferentiation; it was shown by some expressed molecules (the loss of expression of Pdx-1 and the increase in Arx and Pax6 cells/mm2 of islet). The serum results were enhanced plasma glucagon secretion pattern after insulin infusion assays and normal glucose tolerance and insulin release after OGTT.

Conclusion
We concluded that SG leads to an expansion of the alpha-cell population, at expense of beta-cell; this expansion of alpha-cells is related to transdifferentiation. Plasma glucose level was not affected due to an increased glucagon response.
Functional Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Fundectomy and Gastric Remnant Exploration (LRYGBfse)—a Video Vignette
Authors: Lesti Giovanni , Zappa Marco Antonio , Lesti Francesco , Bona Davide , Aiolfi Alberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The laparoscopic Roux en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is performed worldwide and is considered by many the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity. However, the difficult access to the gastric remnant and duodenum represents intrinsic limitations. The functional laparoscopic gastric bypass with fundectomy and gastric remnant exploration (LRYGBfse) is a new technique described in attempt to overcome the limitations of the LRYGB. The purpose of this video was to demonstrate the LRYGBfse in a 48-year-old man with type II diabetes and hypertension.

Methods
An intraoperative video has been anonymized and edited to demonstrate the feasibility of LRYGBfse.

Results
The operation started with the opening of the gastrocolic ligament. Staying close to the gastric wall, the stomach is prepared up to the angle of His. After the placement of a 36-Fr orogastric probe, gastric fundectomy is completed in order to create a 30cc gastric pouch. A polytetrafluoroethylene banding (ePTFE) is placed at the gastro-gastric communication, 7cm below the cardia, and gently closed after bougie retraction. The bypass is completed by the creation of an antecolic Roux-en-Y 150cm alimentary and 150cm biliopancreatic limb.

Conclusion
The LRYGBfse is a feasible and safe technique. The possibility to endoscopically explore the excluded stomach with an easy access to the Vater’s papilla is a major advantage. Further studies are warranted to deeply explore and compare outcomes with the standard LRYGB.
Finite Rank Perturbations of Linear Relations and Matrix Pencils
Authors: Leben Leslie , Martínez Pería Francisco , Philipp Friedrich , Trunk Carsten , Winkler Henrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe elaborate on the deviation of the Jordan structures of two linear relations that are finite-dimensional perturbations of each other. We compare their number of Jordan chains of length at least n. In the operator case, it was recently proved that the difference of these numbers is independent of n and is at most the defect between the operators. One of the main results of this paper shows that in the case of linear relations this number has to be multiplied by $$n+1$$

n
+
1

and that this bound is sharp. The reason for this behavior is the existence of singular chains. We apply our results to one-dimensional perturbations of singular and regular matrix pencils. This is done by representing matrix pencils via linear relations. This technique allows for both proving known results for regular pencils as well as new results for singular ones.
Products of Positive Operators
Authors: Contino Maximiliano , Dritschel Michael A. , Maestripieri Alejandra , Marcantognini Stefania 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn finite dimensional spaces, it is apparent that an operator is the product of two positive operators if and only if it is similar to a positive operator. Here, the class $${\mathcal {L}^{+\,2}}$$

L

+

2

of bounded operators on separable infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces which can be written as the product of two bounded positive operators is studied. The structure is much richer, and connects (but is not equivalent to) quasi-similarity and quasi-affinity to a positive operator. The spectral properties of operators in $${\mathcal {L}^{+\,2}}$$

L

+

2

are developed, and membership in $${\mathcal {L}^{+\,2}}$$

L

+

2

among special classes, including algebraic and compact operators, is examined.