bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead to transform a successful organizational change
Authors: Wang Zheni 
Published: June 2021

Study Level/Applicability
This case aims to assist students to learn about leadership theory and leadership effectiveness in terms of organizational change. It is best suited for undergraduate courses in leadership development, organizational behavior and specific teaching modules in Master in Business Administration courses.

Subject area
Leadership and leadership effectiveness; organizational change.

Case overview
This case is about a decade (2010–2020) of a transformation journey of the School of Business at Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU). Dr Durnin has been the first female Dean of School of Business in Connecticut State Colleges and Universities (CSCU) who made this transformation possible and continuing on. With listening ears and a supportive heart, Dr Durnin first moved faculty and staff members out of a “sick” office building and then created a supportive and collaborative culture to build the consensus among faculty and staff members to change for good. It has been her personalized influence, charisma and extraordinary upward negotiation that lead the School to shape its collective effort toward a multi-year Association to Advance Collegiate School of Business accreditation process since 2014. When dealing the uncertainty caused by the 2020 global pandemic, her autonomy-supportive approach once again connected people meaningfully together to excel the challenges brought by COVID-19 pandemic.

Expected learning outcomes
This case provides an example of female leader in higher education to illustrate a successful transformational leadership (TFL) example in the USA, as well as its implications on gender issues and leadership effectiveness. Upon completing the analysis of this case, students should be able to: – understand the TFL concepts, theory and its behavioral implications on gender and leadership effectiveness; and – assess and evaluate effectiveness of TFL styles in organizations.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resources.

Keywords
Transformational leadership, Organizational change, Gender and leadership effectiveness
The values-driven startup
Authors: Black Christina , Munshaw Supriya 
Published: June 2021

Study level/applicability
The case is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate business students. The suggestions in the teaching note would suit classes of varying sizes and can be organized by teams or for individual work.

Subject area
The case is suitable for classes discussing a range of topics including business ethics, values-based leadership and entrepreneurship. The case is told from the perspective of a Hispanic, first-generation female CEO in tech – a male-dominated field. As some of its decision points include discussions with other female entrepreneurs in similar positions, this case is also suitable for discussions on gender and minority leader representation.

Case overview
This case tells the story of a female tech entrepreneur in Baltimore, how her personal values influenced the values of her company and how she successfully applied those values even in the early stages of her venture. It includes a discussion of her former career in the military and her experiences as a first-generation American.

Expected learning outcomes
The case offers several decision points where students are invited to anticipate and discuss the protagonists’ values and their application of them in her work. It likewise invites students to reflect on their own values and how they influence their business decisions. As the case is based on true events and uses real names, students may also perform research on the real business and its context to extend this case even further.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Social implications
Women are chronically underrepresented in leadership positions and some choose to become entrepreneurs because it offers a surer path to CEO roles. Additionally, this case offers some perspective on the different leadership styles of women, such as this protagonist’s choice to allow her personal and corporate values to drive important early decisions for her business. The instructor and students also may wish to focus on aspects of the case related to the protagonist’s ethnicity and her family’s status as recent immigrants to the USA. Ideally, class discussions will consider the protagonist holistically, and her identities as intersectional.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Market entry of over-the-counter nutritional supplement – a case study from Thailand
Authors: Sangwongwanich Patama , Wongsurawat Winai 
Published: June 2021

Learning Outcomes
Teaching objectives are as follows: students need to understand the critical choices involved in introducing a product into a new market, including but not limited to the macroeconomic context, the target consumer segment, the positioning of the product, distribution channels, pricing and promotion strategy. Students must learn to appreciate the importance of anticipating the reaction of incumbents, and how such reactions may determine the success or failure of a new product entry into the market. Students develop skills to analyze complementarities between different distribution channels and understand how investments in developing one channel can result in positive or negative consequences in other channels.

Case Overview/Synopsis
How can health products such as multivitamins and other nutritional supplements make headway into emerging markets that are moving up the ranks of middle-income economies? This case study investigates the case of Thailand, a country that in the early 1990s registered a per capita income comparable to Vietnam and Laos and Cambodia today. It illustrates, through the real experience of Pat – an executive of a local subsidiary of an American multinational pharmaceutical company – how a new entrant exploited the rapidly changing economic and retailing environment to become a successful player in an important and growing segment of consumer products.

Complexity Academic Level
This case is suitable for master’s degree students or short-course executives.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Willingness to pay for crop insurance: a case from citrus farmers in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Bhishma R. , Adhikari Sudip , Khanal Aditya R. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeIn Nepal, crop insurance is at initial phase. However, since its implementation seven years ago, the adoption rate has been fairly low even with the government's lucrative subsidy on premium. There have been very limited studies on specifics of insurance for different crops, and farmer's acceptability on insurance. This study examines WTP for tree-based insurance, a potential insurance scheme on fruit crops in hilly areas of Nepal.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a contingent valuation method to estimate farmer's willingness to pay (WTP) premium for insurance. They used a double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) framework to elicit WTP and an interval regression method to estimate the WTP model.FindingsThe authors found that the farmers revealed WTP for tree-based insurance is three times higher than the premium they would pay under government's current subsidy plans of insurance. The authors’ result from interval regression also suggests that the factors such as farm size, farmer's adverse experience about invasive pest and weather, awareness of crop insurance, farming experience, and family involvement in agriculture significantly influence farmers' WTP.Research limitations/implicationsA distinct modality of insurance, like tree-based insurance for fruit crops in mid and high hill areas, may enhance the adoption rate rather than a broad area-based plan generalized for all crops.Originality/valueOnly a few studies have examined specifics of insurance in fruit crop insurance in developing countries. The authors’ estimated WTP factors influencing WTP on citrus fruit-crop insurance in Nepal indicates that there is a scope for extending this insurance program. However, the authors also found that there is a gap in understanding of crop insurance and have limited awareness on the government's subsidy programs among farmers.
Earnings management in public-sector organizations: a structured literature review
Authors: Bisogno Marco , Donatella Pierre 
Published: June 2021

PurposeResearch dealing with earnings management in the public-sector context is expanding. This paper aims to review the existing literature to understand how research is developing and points out gaps deserving further investigation.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the structured literature methodology to investigate the state-of-the-art and future directions of the literature on earnings management in the public sector. In total, 78 articles were explored.FindingsThe critical analysis of the literature shows that different but related streams of literature are emerging, focused on both a macro- and a micro-level perspective (mainly local governments and state-owned enterprises).Originality/valueThis study is the first that offers a comprehensive review of the literature on the emerging topic of earnings management in the public-sector context. The structured literature review enables the identification of future directions for the literature in this field.
Which resource acquisition acts drive growth of informal firms? Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Tang Yee Kwan , Konde Victor 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe study seeks to differentiate informal firms with high-growth prospects by their resource acquisition acts and to improve identification of growth-oriented informal firms for effective design and targeting of support measures.Design/methodology/approachAn original set of firm-level data was collected using face-to-face survey in Lusaka, Zambia. Six clearly defined criteria were used to sample informal firms, apart from general informal business. Regression analyses were conducted to test the association of different resource acquisition acts with two growth dimensions: number of employees and business earnings of the 325 informal firms sampled.FindingsAccessing clientele beyond local market, linking up with formal businesses and acquiring information and knowledge via online sources were found influential to growth in business earnings. Surprising, acquisition of finance and skills showed no effect. Employment expansion, though widely used, may not be a stable indicator of informal firm growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the relevance of the emerging entrepreneurship perspective to understanding the topic. It cautions against pre-setting a size threshold for sampling informal firms and against relying on employment expansion as the sole proxy of growth.Practical implicationsThe findings prompt a rethink of the effectiveness of conventional support programmes to drive growth of informal firms such as funding and training. Directing support measures to target growth-oriented informal firms will lead to creation of decent and sustainable jobs and formalisation.Originality/valueWith an original firm-level dataset, the study challenges a long-held assumption that growth of informal firm is negligible and shows that segments of informal firms are sustainable and could attain significant growth and derives new insights into researching and supporting informal firm growth.
An empirical analysis among foreign direct investment, trade openness and economic growth: evidence from the Indian economy
Authors: Kumari Reenu , Shabbir Malik Shahzad , Saleem Sharjeel , Yahya Khan Ghulam , Abbasi Bilal Ahmed , Lopez Lydia Bares 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study examines the long-term and causal relationship among foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, trade openness and economic growth from India.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used annual time series data from the period 1985–2018 and applied the Johansen cointegration and vector autoregression (VAR) model.FindingsThe results of Johansen's cointegration confirm no long-term relationship among all the above three variables. Further, the results of VAR Granger causality indicate that FDI causes economic growth and economic growth causes FDI, which confirms the bi-directional causality. In contrast, this study found that there is no bi-directional causality between trade openness and economic growth.Social implicationsThrough this study, the government could take the decisions related to foreign investment after adopting more trade openness because the study results revealed that if India follows more trade openness, then how FDI will flow (upward and downward). With impulse analysis, researchers, government and policymakers take the decision-related FDI inflows for the forthcoming ten years after 2018.Originality/valueThis study has found the most exciting results from the impulse functions of FDI inflows, trade openness and economic growth, which showed the situation of these three variables as increase and decrease in the forthcoming ten years.
Subterranean morphology modulates the degree of mycoheterotrophy in a green orchid Calypso bulbosa exploiting wood‐decaying fungi
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Matsubayashi Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Many vascular plants and aquatic organisms are not strictly autotrophic or heterotrophic but rather mixotrophic. Mixotrophy is a widespread nutritional strategy, merging autotrophy and heterotrophy to acquire organic carbon (C). Because all orchids are mycoheterotrophic during the early stages, many species are also predisposed to mycoheterotrophic nutrition during the mature stage. Consequently, many green orchids adopt partially mycoheterotrophy, a kind of mixotrophic strategy, obtaining carbon through autotrophy and mycoheterotrophy. However, the proportions of fungal‐derived carbon reported for these mixotrophic orchids show considerable variation, even within species under similar light conditions and at similar growth stages. The factors promoting such variation remain to be fully elucidated.

We investigated the nutritional mode of a green orchid Calypso bulbosa to determine whether coralloid rhizomes, which are often found in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids, affect the degree of mycoheterotrophy. To this end, we performed molecular barcoding and 13C and 15N analyses to identify the mycorrhizal partners and fungal dependency of C. bulbosa specimens with and without coralloid rhizomes.

We found that C. bulbosa individuals were consistently colonized by an OTU of the wood‐decaying fungal genus Protomerulius (Auriculariales), regardless of the presence of rhizomes. Furthermore, although both types of C. bulbosa specimens are partially mycoheterotrophic, as indicated by their higher 13C and 15N abundances, those with coralloid rhizomes exhibited a higher degree of mycoheterotrophy. Our results indicate that partial mycoheterotrophy in C. bulbosa is a flexible mechanism driven by subterranean morphology.

Although mixotrophy has evolved repeatedly in vascular plants and aquatic organisms, their trophic plasticity remains largely unexplored. Here we propose a novel mechanism modulating the degree of mycoheterotrophy in green orchids, providing a new perspective on the ecological plasticity of nutritional mode in mixotrophic organisms.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The impact of metformin on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity in postmenopausal women with untreated non‐autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetformin was found to reduce elevated thyrotropin levels in subjects with hypothyroidism. The impact on thyrotropin levels was stronger in women receiving oral contraceptive pills than in women not using any contraception. The aim of the present study was to determine whether physiological levels of oestradiol determine the effect of metformin on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. The study population included 40 postmenopausal women with prediabetes and untreated non‐autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism, using (group A; n = 18) or not using (group B; n = 22) oestradiol replacement therapy. Over the entire study periods, all subjects were treated with metformin (2.55–3.00 g daily). Plasma levels of glucose, lipids, insulin, thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, prolactin, gonadotropins and oestradiol were measured, while the structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis and the degree of insulin sensitivity were calculated at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. At entry, both groups differed in gonadotropin and oestrogen levels. Despite improving insulin sensitivity, thyrotropin levels and Jostel's thyrotropin index in both study groups, these effects were stronger in group A than group B. Only in group A, metformin increased SPINA‐GT, while only in group B the drug decreased FSH levels. Levels of the other variables remained at a similar level throughout the study. The effect of treatment on thyrotropin levels correlated with its baseline values, as well as with the improvement of insulin sensitivity. The results obtained suggest that the impact of metformin on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activity depends on the oestrogen status of patients.
Resveratrol suppresses cholestasis‐induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats associated with the inhibition of TGFβ1–Smad3–miR21 axis and profibrogenic and hepatic injury biomarkers
Authors: ShamsEldeen Asmaa M. , Al‐Ani Bahjat , Ebrahim Hasnaa A. , Rashed Laila , Badr Amul M. , Attia Abeer , Farag Ayman M. , Kamar Samaa S. , Haidara Mohamed A. , Al Humayed Suliman , Ali Eshra Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCholestasis caused by slowing or blockage of bile flow is a serious liver disease that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The link between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), Smad family member 3 (Smad3), and microRNA 21 (miR21) in bile duct ligation (BDL)‐induced liver fibrosis in the presence and absence of the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compound, resveratrol (RSV), has not been previously studied. Therefore, we tested whether RSV can protect against BDL‐induced liver fibrosis associated with the inhibition of the TGFβ1–Smad3–miR21 axis and profibrogenic and hepatic injury biomarkers. The model group of rats had their bile duct ligated (BDL) for 3 weeks before being killed, whereas, the BDL‐treated rats were separated into three groups that received 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg RSV daily until the end of the experiment. Using light microscopy and ultrasound examinations, we documented in the BDL group, the development of hepatic injury and fibrosis as demonstrated by hepatocytes necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, collagen deposition, enlarged liver with increased echogenicity, irregular nodular border and dilated common bile duct, which were more effectively inhibited by the highest used RSV dosage. In addition, RSV significantly (p ≤ 0.0027) inhibited BDL‐induced hepatic TGFβ1, Smad3, miR21, the profibrogenic biomarker tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin‐17a (IL‐17a), and blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin. These findings show that RSV at 30 mg/kg substantially protects against BDL‐induced liver injuries, which is associated with the inhibition of TGFβ1‐Smad3‐miR21 axis, and biomarkers of profibrogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Food‐grade carrageenans and their implications in health and disease
Authors: Liu Fang , Hou Pengfen , Zhang Hui , Tang Qingjuan , Xue Changhu , Li Robert W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFood additives, often used to guarantee the texture, shelf‐life, taste, and appearance of processed foods, have gained widespread attention due to their increased link to the growing incidence of chronic diseases. As one of the most common additives, carrageenans have been used in human diets for hundreds of years. While classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption, numerous studies since the 1980s have suggested that carrageenans, particularly those with random coil conformations, may have adverse effects on gastrointestinal health, including aggravating intestinal inflammation. While these studies have provided some evidence of adverse effects, the topic is still controversial. Some have suggested that the negative consequence of the consumption of carrageenans may be structure dependent. Furthermore, pre‐existing conditions may predispose individuals to varied outcomes of carrageenan intake. In this review, structure–function relationships of various carrageenans in the context of food safety are discussed. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which carrageenans exert their biological effects. We summarized the findings associated with carrageenan intake in animal models and clinical trials. Moreover, we examined the interactions between carrageenans and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders. This review argues for personalized guidance on carrageenan intake based on individuals’ health status. Future research efforts that aim to close the knowledge gap on the effect of low‐dose and chronic carrageenan intake as well as interactions among food additives should be conducive to the improved safety profile of carrageenans in processed food products.
Effect of Cedrus deodara extract on the physiochemical and sensory properties of salted meat and its action mechanism
Authors: Xu Qian‐Da , Zhou Zhi‐Qiang , Yu Jie , He Qiang , Sun Qun , Zeng Wei‐Cai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effect of pine needle extract from Cedrus deodara (PNE) on the quality of salted meat was reported, and its action mechanism was further investigated. With the treatment of PNE, the physicochemical properties of salted meat were improved. The peroxide value decreased from 16.18 to 6.78 mmol O2/kg, while the thiobarbituric acid value decreased from 0.79 to 0.40 mg MDA/kg. Moreover, the salted meat with PNE also had the better texture, color, and volatile compositions. The 0.2% PNE group showed the highest ΔE value (63.16 ± 0.56), hardness (813.5 ± 48.7 g), and volatility (45.86 ± 0.39), while the control group showed the lowest ΔE value (43.92 ± 2.13), hardness (515.8 ± 17.3 g) and volatility (29.97 ± 0.56). In addition, with the analysis of fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, the spatial structures of myofibrillar protein (MP) in salted meat were obviously changed by PNE. Meanwhile, methylconiferin, 1‐O‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐glucose, nortrachelogenin, secoxyloganin, 1‐O‐(4‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucose and pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified from PNE. Furthermore, according to the analysis of molecular docking, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic force, and electrostatic force were obtained as the main molecular forces between MP and the phenolic compounds of PNE, while arginine, glutamic acid, and glycine residues were the main binding sites. All results suggested that PNE might be a potential candidate to improve the quality of salted meat in the food industry.Practical ApplicationThe quality deterioration of meat may not only affect its further processing and consumption but also may lead to some food safety problems. In present study, PNE exhibited the fine capability to inhibit the oxidation of meat, while it could ameliorate the texture, color, and physicochemical properties of meat due to its tightly interaction with myofibrillar protein. All result suggested that PNE could be potentially utilized to improve the quality of meat in food industry.