bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Opt-out and Rapid Point-Of-Care Syphilis Testing Program for Pregnant Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Stafford Irene A. , Bakunas Carrie , Haydamous Joe , Mosqueda Ana , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Mena Leandro , Blackwell Sean C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Adult and congenital syphilis rates are rising in the US. The aim of this pre- and post-implementation study was to determine whether implementation of an opt-out laboratory-based and rapid syphilis point-of-care testing program in the emergency department (ED) improves the detection and treatment of syphilis during pregnancy in a high-prevalence region.

Methods
This pre-and post-implementation study was conducted at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX. During the pre-implementation phase (11/01/2023 - 02/29/2024), pregnant patients presenting to the ED underwent lab-based syphilis testing using the reverse algorithm only when clinically indicated. In the post-implementation phase (03/01/2024 - 06/25/2024), pregnant patients without prenatal care or with no documented syphilis result underwent opt-out syphilis testing using the Syphilis Health Check (SHC) point-of-care test and the lab-based reverse syphilis testing algorithm. Patients with positive syphilis test results were treated by providers. All results were confirmed with the lab-based test and patient follow up was scheduled.

Results
During the pre-implementation period, 302 pregnant patients presented to the ED, and only 6 (2%) underwent syphilis lab-based testing, none of which yielded positive results. In the post-implementation period, 322 pregnant patients presented to the ED and 202 (62.7%) were approached. Of these, 114 (56.4%) were tested using either the SHC or lab-based reverse algorithm (p < 0.001). Four patients tested positive for syphilis, indicating a prevalence of 3.5%.

Conclusions
An opt-out and rapid syphilis testing program for pregnant individuals visiting the ED increased syphilis screening from 2% to 56.4%, and detected syphilis that might have otherwise been missed.
Impact of Implementing a Grossing Tumor-margin Distance Threshold for Frozen Section in Oncologic Lung Surgery
Authors: Kordahi Manal , Gagné Andréanne , Abolfathi Hanie , Orain Michèle , Couture Christian , Desmeules Patrice , Trahan Sylvain , Pagé Sylvain , Vaucher Jonathan , Nicodème Frederic , Conti Massimo , Ugalde Figueroa Paula , Laliberté Anne-Sophie , Lamaze Fabien C. , Bossé Yohan , Joubert Philippe 
Published: December 2024

Intraoperative frozen section (FS) examination of oncologic surgical specimens is frequently performed to ensure complete surgical resection. Data on the gross evaluation of surgical margins are limited. We recently published a study suggesting the use of a macroscopic 2.0 cm tumor-margin cutoff during intraoperative evaluation to decrease the number of unnecessary FS. This study aimed to validate the safety and the clinical impacts of implementing a 2.0 cm tumor-margin threshold for FS diagnosis in evaluating surgical margins during oncologic lung surgery. This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent lung resection for primary or metastatic neoplasms between 2018 and 2022 at the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, following the implementation of this practice. Clinicopathological data were retrieved from the medical files. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the variables associated with positive margins. This study included 1575 tumors in 1299 patients. FS evaluations were performed in 24.4% of patients. No positive margins were observed when the tumor-margin distance was >2.0 cm. The incidence rate of positive margins was 2.95%, with parenchymal margins being the most affected. Multivariate analysis identified the tumor-margin distance as a significant predictor of positive margin status. This practice led to a 79.9% reduction in FS evaluations without compromising the margin assessment accuracy or patient safety. A 2.0 cm tumor-margin distance threshold for intraoperative FS evaluation in oncologic lung surgery is safe and effective in reducing unnecessary FS evaluations while maintaining accurate margin assessments.
Gauge and unitary transformations in multipolar quantum optics
Authors: Babiker Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Multipolar quantum optics deals with the interaction of light with matter as a many-body bound system of charged particles where the coupling to electromagnetic fields is in terms of the multipolar electric polarization and magnetization. We describe two transformations applied to the conventional non-relativistic formalism, namely a gauge transformation applied directly to the fields at the Lagrangian stage and a unitary transformation applied to the old Hamiltonian. We show how such transformations lead to the same Power–Zienau–Woolley (PZW) formulation of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) of an overall electrically neutral many-body bound system of charges, including the internal motion as well as the gross dynamics of the centre of mass. Besides highlighting the utility of the multipolar formalism as a reliable and convenient platform in dealing with optical processes in atomic and molecular physics, it is shown how the analysis can also lead to the identification of the Röntgen effect arising from the gross motion of an electric dipole moment in a magnetic field and the Aharonov–Casher effect due to the motion of a magnetic dipole moment in an electric field. The importance of the two effects is pointed out in both experimental and theoretical contexts.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The quantum theory of light’.
Non-classicality and the effect of one photon
Authors: Gerry Christopher C. , Birrittella Richard J. , Alsing Paul M. , Mimih Jihane , Knight Peter L. 
Published: December 2024

The quantum interference effects of mixing the most non-classical states of light, number states, with the most classical-like of pure field states, the coherent state, are investigated. We demonstrate how the non-classicality of a single photon when mixed with a coherent field can transform the statistical properties of the output and further demonstrate that the entanglement of the output is independent of the coherent state amplitude.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The quantum theory of light’.
Theory and application of cavity solitons in photonic devices
Authors: Oppo Gian-Luca , Firth William J. 
Published: December 2024

Driven optical cavities containing a nonlinear medium support stable dissipative solitons, cavity solitons, in the form of bright or dark spots of light on a uniformly-lit background. Broadening effects due to diffraction or group velocity dispersion are balanced by the nonlinear interaction with the medium while cavity losses balance the input energy. The history, properties, physical interpretation and wide application of cavity solitons are reviewed. Cavity solitons in the plane perpendicular to light propagation find application in optical information processing, while cavity solitons in the longitudinal direction produce high-quality frequency combs with applications in optical communications, frequency standards, optical clocks, future GPS, astronomy and quantum technologies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The quantum theory of light’.
The quantum theory of light
Authors: Barnett Stephen M. , Jeffers John 
Published: December 2024

We present a brief introduction to the quantum theory of light as it is understood in the field of quantum optics. Our aim is not to review the topic, which would require a very extensive article (or even a book of several volumes) but rather to provide sufficient background to set the ideas in the following papers in their correct context.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The quantum theory of light’.
Rapid long-range synaptic remodeling in hyperacute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Wei Ye , Ruje Luminiţa , Wan Qi , Spivakov Mikhail , Glebov Oleg O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhysiological mechanisms of the key hyperacute (0-24 hours) stage of stroke remain incompletely understood, hampering development of new stroke therapies. Synaptic plasticity has been strongly implicated in early stages of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we describe rapid region-specific patterns of synaptic remodeling in stroke, arising within 4 hours of onset. While the ischemic core exhibits profound structural and functional synaptic decline, synapses in the mildly ischemic penumbra largely retain their structure, decreasing synaptic function. Conversely, synapses in the contralateral cortex across the brain show widespread structural and functional increase. Mechanistically, hyperacute stroke triggers synaptic recruitment of NMDA receptors in the ischemic core and penumbra, while NMDA receptor blockade exacerbates structural synaptic decline in the penumbra and abolishes contralateral synaptic enhancement. Proteomic analysis confirms cross-brain synaptic strengthening and reveals emergence of metabolic rearrangement in the penumbra, while RNAseq indicates broad downregulation of synaptic gene expression in the penumbra. These findings identify brain-wide homeostatic synaptic rebalancing as a potential mechanism for rapid-response functional compensation in early stroke, highlighting the extent of brain resilience to acute perturbation.HighlightsStroke induces rapid long-range synaptic enhancement in the contralateral hemisphereNMDAR signaling orchestrates short and long-range synaptic remodeling in strokeProteomics and RNAseq reveal details of region-specific synaptic remodelingeTOC blurbWhat happens to synaptic communication across the brain during the first hours of stroke is unclear. We find that while synapses at the center of the stroke quickly fall apart, those in the surrounding area are protected and those in the opposite hemisphere are rapidly strengthened by the activity of NMDA-type glutamate receptors.
Physical Interactions Drive Collective Thermoregulatory Behavior in Honey Bees
Authors: Lambert Casey E. , Vazquez Kyara , Nelson Zachary P. , Cook Chelsea N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSocial animals can coordinate complex behaviors, which can affect massive change on the environment. Within groups, individuals can sense the environment and communicate that information with others. Direct contact, like physical touch, is a key method of communication among social animals, and may be a mechanism to facilitate the coordination of collective behaviors that buffer environmental change. Here, we use a collective thermoregulatory fanning behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera) to test the hypothesis that direct physical contact is necessary to perform this behavior. By modulating their ability to engage in physical contact, we establish that honey bee workers must touch each other to coordinate the fanning response. We then manipulated social density by changing the physical space the bees occupied to modulate likelihood of contact and found that in high social densities, honey bees are more likely to fan. Using video tracking, we then verified that bees in higher social density indeed have more direct physical interactions. This work identifies a mechanism of communication and potentially information synthesis in an ecologically relevant collective behavior. By understanding the ways in which animals communicate, we may be able to pinpoint the mechanisms of resilience that social insects evolved to manage a changing world.
FABP5 in Skin Macrophages Mediates Saturated Fat-Induced IL-1β Signaling in Obesity-Associated Psoriasis Development
Authors: Yu Jianyu , Hao Jiaqing , Yorek Matthew S. , Jiang Xingshan , Avellino Anthony , Liu Shanshan , Han Xiaochun , Shilyansky Jonathan , Wang Zhaohua , Jabbari Ali , Li Bing 
Published: December 2024

SummaryHigh fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity increases the risk and severity of psoriasis. However, the immunoregulatory effects of different HFD-induced obesity on psoriasis pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, mimicking human dietary fat profiles, four HFDs – saturated, monounsaturated, omega-6 and omega-3 fats – were designed and used to induce obesity in mice. Despite comparable obesity levels across groups, only the saturated HFD exacerbated imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis. This exacerbation correlated with elevated levels of IL-1β-producing macrophages, IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, and neutrophils within psoriatic lesions. Mechanistically, saturated fatty acids (FAs) promoted IL-1β/IL-17 signaling via fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5)-mediated mitochondrial FA oxidation and extracellular ATP release in skin macrophages. Deletion of FABP5, either globally or specifically in macrophages, attenuated IL-1β/IL-17A signaling and alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis. These findings identify FABP5 as a key mediator of saturated HFD-driven psoriasis via the IL-1β/IL-17 axis, offering insights into the interplay between dietary fats, obesity and psoriasis.HighlightsSaturated, but not unsaturated, high-fat diets (HFDs) drive the development of obesity-associated psoriasis.Saturated fats enhance IL-1β/IL-17 signaling in psoriatic skin.FABP5 mediates saturated fat-induced IL-1β signaling by promoting ATP production and release.Deletion of FABP5 in macrophages alleviates the development of saturated HFD-associated psoriasis.Graphic Abstract
Behavioral and metabolic effects of extended hippocampal overexpression of the myokine Irisin in an Alzheimer’s Disease mouse model
Authors: Borukhin Jacob A. , Kang Erin , Tomas Rodrigo F. , Wang Caoyuanhui , Trotz Arielle , Requejo Adrian , McIntyre Jeremy C. , Alviña Karina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLifestyle interventions such as exercise are promising strategies to reduce the detrimental effects faced by aging populations. In particular, the exercise-induced myokine Irisin could act as a mediator of the positive effects of exercise, even as a potential therapeutic option for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the fundamental roles of Irisin in counteracting AD neuropathology and other effects have not been fully determined. In addition, whether centrally produced Irisin has any effects is unclear. Here we examined the neurobehavioral effects of overexpressing Irisin directly in the hippocampus of an AD transgenic mouse line (TgCRND8), using adult male mice stereotaxically injected with Irisin-AAV vector. To further mimic chronic exercise, spatial memory and exploratory behaviors were assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR)/open field test (OFT) and Y-Maze tests after 8 weeks.Our results showed that Irisin expression led to several behavioral changes, including increased grooming behavior and slightly improved spatial memory performance in short interval NOR test in Tg mice. In the Y-Maze test however, we observed an increase in time spent in familiar spaces, which could indicate heightened anxiety-like behaviors in mice injected with Irisin-AAV. In addition, we observed significant differences in body and liver size, and in circulating metabolites such as ketone bodies, that were differentially regulated in NTg or Tg mice.Overall, our findings show important neurobehavioral effects of long-lasting overexpression of the exerkine Irisin in the hippocampus. Our results also raise questions about potential detrimental effects and thus warrant further studies to fully dissect how this exercise mediator affects the brain.
A biologically-inspired hierarchical convolutional energy model predicts V4 responses to natural videos
Authors: Oliver Michael , Winter Michele , Dupré la Tour Tom , Eickenberg Michael , Gallant Jack L. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYV4 is a key area within the visual processing hierarchy, and it represents features of intermediate complexity. However, no current computational model explains V4 responses under natural conditions. To address this, we developed a new hierarchical convolutional energy (HCE) model reflecting computations thought to occur in areas V1, V2, and V4, but which consists entirely of simple- and complex-like units like those found in V1. In contrast to prior models, the HCE model is trained end-to-end on neurophysiology data, without relying on pre-trained network features. We recorded 313 V4 neurons during full-color nature video stimulation and fit the HCE model to each neuron. The model’s predicted optimal patterns (POPs) revealed complex spatiotemporal pattern selectivity in V4, supporting its role in representing space, time, and color. These findings indicate that area V4 is crucial for image segmentation and grouping operations that are essential for complex vision. Thus, responses of V4 neurons under naturalistic conditions can be explained by a hierarchical three-stage model where each stage consists entirely of units like those found in area V1.
Androgen stimulation rapidly reorganizes temporal 3D genome and epigenome states to trigger AR-mediated transcription in prostate cancer
Authors: Campbell Elyssa M. , Laven-Law Geraldine , Smith Grady , Peters Timothy J , Colino-Sanguino Yolanda , Moulder David , Du Qian , Jones Alicia , Giles Katherine A. , Khoury Amanda , Stirzaker Clare , Hickey Theresa A. , Mora Fatima Valdes , Clark Susan J. , Achinger-Kawecka Joanna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAndrogen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription drives prostate cancer progression and remains a key therapeutic target. AR is activated by androgens, translocating to the nucleus to bind DNA regulatory elements (AREs) and initiate transcription. This process involves co-regulatory proteins, pioneer factors like FOXA1, epigenetic modifications, and 3D chromatin interactions. However, the temporal coordination of AR and co-regulatory binding factors, epigenomic modifications, and 3D chromatin dynamics during AR-mediated transcription remains unclear.ResultsUsing a time-course model of androgen stimulation in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, we integrated temporal multi-omics datasets into the MOFA+ framework to investigate AR-mediated transcriptional dynamics. Our analyses uncovered a critical role for rapid AR binding at gene promoters in driving nascent transcription of AR target genes. We demonstrated that AR binding is preceded by nucleosome H3K27 acetylation flanking androgen response elements, which are constitutively marked by FOXA1 binding. Notably, we identified a temporal early switch in nascent transcription post-androgen stimulation, from MYC to AR target genes, likely mediated by transient androgen-induced 3D chromatin interactions.SignificanceThese findings reveal that androgen stimulation rapidly reorganizes 3D chromatin structure and differential MYC and AR transcription factor binding to trigger three distinct patterns of temporal epigenome states associated with the establishment of AR-mediated transcription in prostate cancer. These insights advance understanding of AR regulation in prostate cancer and contribute to a deeper understanding of the temporal relationship between MYC and AR transcriptional regulation in hormone-driven cancers.
FvM4K1, a Serine/Threonine Kinase and Ste20 Homolog Positively Regulates Fruit Size via Hippo Signalling Pathway in Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Gu Si , Nie Xinghua , Qin Ling , Xing Yu , Qi Baoxiu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStrawberry fruit size is critical for its marketability. However, organ size control is a complex process regulated by various signaling pathways. In animals, the Hippo signaling pathway acts as a negative regulator of organ size, with Ste20 kinase, a serine/threonine kinase being a key component. Mutation in Ste20 causes excessive cell proliferation and enlarged organs. In this study, FvM4K1, a Ste20-like kinase from woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), is identified. FvM4K1 partially restores defects in a yeast Ste20 mutantste20Δand fully rescues growth in Arabidopsis mutantatsik1-4lacking its Ste20 homolog, AtSIK1, underscoring its functional conservation. Downregulation FvM4K1 by RNAi in woodland strawberry leads to fruits and smaller plants resulting from reduced cell size and number, while overexpression increases organ size, indicating a positive role in fruit and organ size control which contrasts the negative role of Ste20 in other organisms. FvM4K1 auto-phosphorylates, with Lys269 and Thr396 being critical for its function. FvM4K1 interacts with FvMOB1A and FvMOB1B, components of the Hippo signalling pathway, and phosphorylates them at Thr35 and Thr36, respectively. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying fruit and organ size control in woodland strawberry and contribute to our understanding of the Hippo signalling pathway in higher plants, a pathway that remains largely unexplored. It also opens new avenues for exploring the regulatory function of Hippo pathway in plant development and potentially inform biotechnological strategies for crop improvement.
Brain Ischemia in Alzheimer’s disease counteracts the Disruption of the Blood Brain Barrier: A Hypothesis Investigated with a Lumped Parameter Model
Authors: Bateman Grant A , Bateman Alexander R 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) there is blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which should increase the CSF formation rate (CSFfr)and therefore the intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the ICP is normal in NPH. A lumped parameter study suggested that the CSFfrcould be reduced in this condition if the BBB disruption was moderated by a reduction in the capillary transmural pressure (TMP) secondary to arteriolar constriction. In early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is BBB disruption, reduced ICP and global ischemia. This raises the possibility that the same physiology may be occurring in AD as occurs in NPH.ObjectiveThis hypothesis can be analyzed further using a lumped parameter hydrodynamic model we have developed.MethodsA lumped parameter model previously used to describe the hydrodynamics of NPH was modified to investigate the effects of changes in CSF pressure and blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.ResultsThe model indicates the capillary TMP is normal in MCI but decreases as AD progresses. Removing CSF in AD patients during a tap test initially increases the capillary TMP. The brain in AD responds to a tap test by increasing its level of ischemia and this reduces the capillary TMP.ConclusionsA hypothesis is put forward that the BBB disruption in AD is partially mitigated by the brain making itself ischemic. Modelling gives support to this hypothesis. The model can explain the development of ischemic neuronal loss and amyloid accumulation secondary to glymphatic flow disruption as AD progresses.