bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High connectivity within restricted distribution range in Pocillopora corals
Authors: Oury Nicolas , Gélin Pauline , Magalon Hélène 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimConvergence, stasis and plasticity can frequently confound our understanding of species distributions in the seas. Yet delimiting species and understanding population connectivity across marine environments is mandatory for establishing appropriate management of coral reefs, which are experiencing critical declines. We test whether morphospecies from Pocillopora corals found on outer reef slopes are unique species or species complexes, in order to correctly define their respective distributions and consequently to accurately assess their population connectivity.LocationArchipelagos and islands of the Western Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific (New Caledonia, Tonga, French Polynesia).TaxonPocillopora eydouxi/meandrina and Pocillopora verrucosa morphospecies (Scleractinia).MethodsWe analysed the 13‐microsatellite genotypes of 4837 colonies from six understudied ecoregions in the southern part of the genus distribution, to first explore the genetic partitioning within morphospecies. We then characterized the spatial distribution of each delimited species and analysed patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity for each species separately.ResultsBoth morphospecies are complexes of species, each found almost exclusively in the Indian or the Pacific Oceans. Moreover, some of these cryptic species are found in sympatry over their whole distribution, which sometimes was very restricted. However, within each species, genetic diversity and connectivity were relatively high, although some populations were found differentiated for some species, while not for others.Main conclusionsA weak connectivity was found between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but high connectivity within both oceans, supporting the existence of a barrier impeding gene flow between both ocean basins in Pocillopora. Although constrained by the same geography and current patterns, some sympatric species present different connectivity patterns, demonstrating the importance of multi‐species connectivity models to set up appropriate management plans.
Population genetics under the Massenerhebung effect: The influence of topography on the demography of Acer morrisonense
Authors: Chang Jui‐Tse , Luo Min‐Xin , Lu Hsin‐Pei , Tseng Yi‐Ting , Liao Pei‐Chun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe Massenerhebung effect (Mass elevation effect) refers to heat‐ or wind‐driven altitudinal distribution patterns of temperature‐dependent parameters among massifs with narrower range and lower elevation around peripheral and isolated mountains compared to core and continuous ones. Although common in ecology, this effect is rarely discussed in population genetics. Here, we use genetic markers to reveal population genetic patterns and also test the mountain‐ and sky‐barrier hypotheses relevant to the Massenerhebung distribution pattern of Acer morrisonense in Taiwan's rugged topography and varied local climates.LocationThe alpine and cloud forest of Taiwan.TaxonAcer morrisonense Hayata.MethodsTwo chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments and 17 expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) loci, respectively, from 200 to 286 individuals were used to elucidate the phylogeographic pattern of pollen and seed dispersal of A. morrisonense. These data were combined with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to infer distribution range shifts and refugia. We also correlated the genetic‐divergence indices with spatial factors to clarify latitudinal and altitudinal effects on genetic diversity.ResultsThe incongruent phylogeographic patterns of genetic distributions between nuclear and cpDNA markers indicate unhindered pollen flow but spatially constrained seed dispersal. Taken together with ENM, the genetic pattern further reflects historical colonization from central‐mountain refugia to edges since the Holocene. The Massenerhebung reduces the gene flow by the surrounding mountains and also causes lower genetic diversity compared to central alpine populations.Main conclusionsThis study is the first to reveal the influence of Massenerhebung effect on cpDNA genetic structure of montane trees and reflect the spatial trends of seed dispersal. This population genetic pattern can also be attributed to the demography‐related range shifts with paleoclimate fluctuations under complex mountain topography, supporting the mountain‐barrier hypothesis. The results have important implications for conserving the genetic diversity of species with a wide altitudinal distribution range.
Suicide among adolescents and youths during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdowns: A press media reports‐based exploratory study
Authors: Manzar Md. Dilshad , Albougami Abdulrhman , Usman Norina , Mamun Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProblemSuicide incidences among adolescents and youths during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdowns have been reported across the world. However, no studies have been carried out to investigate cumulative nature, patterns, and causative factors of such suicide incidences.MethodsA purposive sampling of Google news between 15 February and 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37‐suicide cases across 11 countries.FindingsMore male suicides were reported (21‐cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6 ± 2.7 years (out of a total of 29 cases). About two‐thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11‐cases), UK (8‐cases), and the USA (6‐cases). Out of 23‐student victims, 14 were school‐going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, and so forth, whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most suicide stressors followed by TikTok addiction‐related psychological distress, and tested with the COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic‐related suicides in young people.
Pinin acts as a poor prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion
Authors: Jin Ming , li Dan , Liu Weihong , Wang Ping , Xiang Zhenfei , Liu Kaitai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPinin (PNN) was originally characterized as a desmosome‐associated molecule. Its function and the mechanism of its regulation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still undefined. Data on PNN expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of patients with RCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemistry revealed high PNN expression in tumour cells. PNN expression showed negative correlation with survival in patients with RCC, acting as an independent prognostic factor in RCC. PNN up‐regulation might be attributed to epigenetic alterations in RCC. Immunofluorescence revealed PNN expression mainly in the nucleus of RCC cells. The transfection of siRNA targeting the PNN gene resulted in enhanced apoptosis, which was detected by flow cytometry, and reduced cell migration and invasion, which were assessed using wound healing and transwell migration assay. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed associations between PNN expression and several signalling pathways involved in cancer progression, as a potential mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of PNN. The analyses of the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource platform showed significant positive associations between high PNN expression and tumour immune infiltrating cells. PNN may function as an oncogenic factor by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion in RCC.
Systematic expression analysis of the CELSR family reveals the importance of CELSR3 in human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yishuai , Zhu Longyu , Hao Ran , Li Yuejun , Zhao Qinfei , Li Shujun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCadherin EGF LAG seven‐pass G‐type receptors (CELSRs) are involved in the progression of various types of cancer. CELSR3, a crucial signalling molecule in the WNT/PCP pathway, is believed to be associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this paper, we analysed the expression of CELSR family members using the Oncomine, GEPIA and UALCAN databases. We used a Kaplan‐Meier plotter to assess the effect of CELSRs on tumour prognosis. Next, gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway, miRNA target, kinase target and transcription factor‐target enrichment were analysed by GSEA. Simultaneously, we conducted functional assays including cell viability, colony formation and transwell assays, to determine the oncogenic role of CELSR3 in LUAD. Finally, we used the TIMER and TISIDB databases to analyse the correlation between CELSR3 and immune infiltration and the potential chemokine receptor axis causing immune cell expression. High expression of CELSR3 is in LUAD predicts poor prognosis and early progression of the tumour. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed the functional relationship between CELSR3 and cell adhesion, the cell cycle, and DNA replication. Down‐regulation of CELSR3 suppressed cell proliferation to a significant extent, in addition to inhibiting invasion and migration in LUAD cells. Finally, CELSR3 expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+T cells through the CCL17/CCR4 axis in LUAD. These results indicate that CELSR3 can serve as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD.
Gut‐liver‐axis: Barrier function of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Yulan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLiver diseases are associated with the leaky gut via the gut‐liver‐axis. Previous studies have paid much attention to the effect of gut barrier damage. Notably, clinical observations and basic research reveal that the gut barrier damage seldom leads to liver injury independently but aggravates pre‐existing liver diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and drug‐induced liver injury. These evidences suggest that there is a hepatic barrier in the gut‐liver‐axis, protecting the liver against gut‐derived pathogenic factors. However, it has never been investigated which type of liver cell plays the role of hepatic barrier. Under physiological conditions, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) can take up and eliminate virus, bacteriophage, microbial products, and metabolic wastes. LSEC also keeps the homeostasis of liver immune environment via tolerance‐inducing and anti‐inflammatory functions. In contrast, under pathological conditions, the clearance function of LSEC is impaired, and LSEC turns into a pro‐inflammatory pattern. Given its anatomical position and physiological functions, LSEC is proposed as the hepatic barrier in the gut‐liver‐axis. In this review, we aim to further understand the role of LSEC as the hepatic barrier. Future studies are warranted to seek effective treatments to improve LSEC health, which appears to be a promising approach to prevent gut‐derived liver injury.
Novel viral markers and the prediction of off‐treatment relapse in chronic hepatitis B patients: A systematic review
Authors: Jaroenlapnopparat Aunchalee , Chayanupatkul Maneerat , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B virus RNA (HBV RNA) are novel markers that reflect intrahepatic cccDNA and could be useful in the prediction of relapse after nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) discontinuation. The aim of the study is to perform a systematic review on this issue.MethodsMedline/Pubmed database was searched using text terms related to HBcrAg, RNA, NAs, discontinuation, and relapse. Included studies were those that enrolled adult patients who had been on NAs for more than 6 months with available information on end‐of‐treatment (EOT) HBcrAg and/or HBV RNA and relapse rates.ResultsSixteen studies were included. Virological and clinical relapse rates ranged from 11% to 100% and 11% to 73%, respectively. Low or undetectable EOT HBcrAg levels were associated with low off‐treatment relapse rates in most studies with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.69–0.70 for predicting virological relapse (VR) and 0.61–0.77 for predicting clinical relapse (CR). Undetectable EOT HBV RNA was associated with a lower risk of off‐treatment relapse with AUROC of 0.65–0.76 for predicting VR and 0.66–0.73 for predicting CR. Combined EOT HBcrAg and HBV RNA performed better in predicting off‐treatment relapse than either test alone with AUROC of 0.816–0.846 for predicting CR. None of the patients with double‐negative HBV RNA and HBcrAg developed CR.ConclusionCombining HBcrAg with HBV RNA or HBsAg improved the discriminating abilities in the prediction of off‐treatment relapse of each test. Patients with double‐negative HBcrAg and HBV RNA at EOT had low risks of relapse and could be considered for NA discontinuation.
Pronounced and rapid exhumation of the Connecticut Valley Trough revealed through quartz in garnet Raman barometry and diffusion modelling of garnet dissolution–reprecipitation reactions
Authors: Wolfe Oliver M. , Spear Frank S. , Harrison T. Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetamorphic rocks from the Connecticut Valley Trough (CVT), Vermont, and Massachusetts, have been examined using quartz‐in‐garnet (QuiG) and conventional thermobarometry, thermodynamic reaction modelling, diffusion modelling, and 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology to constrain their P–T–t paths during Acadian metamorphism and subsequent exhumation. Numerous samples, collected in the vicinity of the Acadian domes, contain garnet porphyroblasts that display cloudy zones characterized by numerous fluid inclusions and modified garnet compositions associated with the replacement of the original garnet by biotite±muscovite±plagioclase±quartz±low Xgrs/enriched Xsps. QuiG and conventional thermobarometry constrain both the conditions of garnet nucleation and peak P–T conditions to have occurred at ~0.85–1.05 GPa, ~550–600°C. Most notably, QuiG barometry was performed on inclusions adjacent to these reaction zones in conjunction with Gibbs method reaction modelling to reveal that these dissolution–reprecipitation reactions occurred during nearly isothermal decompression from the peak P–T conditions to around ~0.3 GPa, 550°C. Diffusion modelling reveals that the Mn zoning profiles created during garnet resorption that accompanied decompression formed in less than c. 3 Ma, which constrains the tectonic exhumation to have occurred at 8–10 mm/year. Subsequent cooling to 500°C occurred rapidly at a rate of 100°C/Ma, followed by slower cooling reaching 1.7°C /Ma by the mid Carboniferous. This is the first reported example of QuiG barometry revealing a multi‐stage metamorphic history and highlights the utility of this method for unravelling complex metamorphic terranes.
HP–UHT granulites in the East Kunlun Orogen, NW China: Constraints on the transition from compression to extension in an arc setting of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Bi Hengzhe , Song Shuguang , Whitney Donna L. , Wang Chao , Su Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe East Kunlun Orogen (EKO) of the northwest part of the Central China Orogenic belt records long‐lived orogenic events from the Cambrian to the Triassic, involving the tectonic evolution from Proto‐Tethys to Palaeo‐Tethys. Although high‐ and ultra high pressure (HP‒UHP) metamorphism has been recognized in the EKO, other metamorphic events associated with the orogenic history are little known. The metamorphic history of high‐ and ultra high temperature granulites and their pressure–temperature–time (P‒T–t) path is keys to reconstructing tectonic events associated with a subduction‐to‐collision transition. In this contribution, we present P‒T–t results for the mafic and pelitic granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the Qingshuiquan region of the EKO, determined using phase equilibrium modelling and zircon geochronology. The Jingshuikou granulite terrane records a clockwise P–T path with high‐P and ultra high temperature (HP–UHT) conditions at Pmax ~900 to 950°C at 13 kbar, at Tmax of ~950°C at 9‒12 kbar, and a final stage of 800‒895°C at 6‒10 kbar. LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating of zircons provides systemic constraints on a long‐lived metamorphic age span of 530‒465 Ma, with a peak of c. 503 Ma. The HP–UHT metamorphism of the Qingshuiquan granulite terrane reveals a complete process from arc compression at the early stage of subduction to extension on the active continental margin related to rollback of the subducted slab in the Early Palaeozoic, driven by heat transfer from upwelling of the sub‐arc hot asthenosphere. The timing and P‒T conditions of the high geothermal gradient metamorphism can be used to understand the subduction and collision process of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean, including the relationship between high‐P and high‐ to ultra‐temperature metamorphism in the East Kunlun and other orogenic belts.
Exploring Large Community‐ and Clinically‐Generated Datasets to Understand Resilience Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Monsen Karen A. , Austin Robin R. , Goparaju Bhavana , Clarence Jones Robert , Mathiason Michelle A. , Pirsch Anna , Eder Milton 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore resilience in the context of whole‐person health and the social determinants of health at the individual and community levels using large, standardized nursing datasets.DesignA retrospective, observational, correlational study of existing deidentified Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant data using the Omaha System and its equivalent, Simplified Omaha System Terms.MethodsWe used three samples to explore for patterns of resilience: pre‐COVID‐19 community‐generated data (N = 383), pre‐COVID‐19 clinical documentation data (N = 50,509), and during‐COVID‐19 community‐generated data (N = 102). Community participants used the My Strengths + My Health (MSMH) app to generate the two community datasets. The clinical data were obtained from the Omaha System Data Collaborative. We operationalized resilience as Omaha System Status scores of 4 (minimal signs or symptoms) or 5 (no signs or symptoms) as a discrete strengths measure for each of 42 Omaha System problem concepts. We used visualization techniques and standard descriptive and inferential statistics for analysis.FindingsIt was feasible to examine resilience, operationalized as strengths by problem concept, within existing Omaha System or Simplified Omaha System Terms (MSMH) data. We identified several patterns indicating strengths and resilience that were consistent with literature related to community connectedness for community participants, and sleep for individuals in the clinical data.ConclusionsWhen used consistently, the Omaha System within MSMH enabled robust data collection for a comprehensive, holistic assessment, resulting in better whole‐person data including strengths, and enabled us to discover a potentially useful approach for defining resilience in new ways using standardized nursing data.Clinical RelevanceThe notion that how we assess individuals and communities (i.e., the completeness of our assessments in relation to whole‐person health) determines what we can know about resilience is seemingly in opposition to the critical need to decrease documentation burden, despite the potential to shift from a problem deficit‐based assessment to one of strengths and resilience. However, a patient‐facing comprehensive assessment that includes resilience and the social determinants of health can provide a transformative, whole‐person platform for strengths‐based care and population management.
How does COVID‐19 impact psoriasis practice, prescription patterns, and healthcare delivery for psoriasis patients? A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: EL‐Komy Mohamed H.M. , Abdelnaby Asmaa , El‐Kalioby Mona 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic skin disease that needs continuous medical care. During COVID‐19, delivering medical service was negatively affected.AimsTo describe the impact of COVID‐19 on psoriasis healthcare delivery, management, and practice.MethodsThis observational cross‐sectional study was conducted on 197 dermatologists using a validated online questionnaire. The survey evaluated the effect of COVID‐19 on the decisions, prescription patterns, appointments rescheduling, and healthcare delivery for psoriasis patients by dermatologists. The questionnaire was developed and validated with a reliability score >0.7.ResultsDuring the pandemic, most dermatologists delayed initiating biological/immunosuppressive therapy for psoriasis unless urgently needed by the patient. For patients already receiving biologics or immunosuppressive treatment, most dermatologists favored continuation of therapy. Almost half (44.2%) of participants do not perform SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR screening before initiating biologics/immunosuppressive therapy. Dermatologists also reported an increased prescription of topical medications (79.2%), natural sunlight (28.4%), acitretin (26.9%), and home UVB (21.3%). Opinions regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19 treatment/prophylaxis for psoriasis patients were controversial. Intervals between face‐to‐face follow‐up visits were prolonged by 71.6% of dermatologists. More than half of participants reported that their patients discontinued treatment without medical consultation. More than three fourth of responders either agreed or strongly agreed that COVID‐19 negatively affected psoriasis patients.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has a negative impact on psoriasis management and healthcare delivery. Dermatologists are cautious about using biologics and immunosuppressive drugs during the pandemic, making case‐by‐case decisions. Psoriasis patients need compliance monitoring, and psychological support during the pandemic, which can be facilitated by teledermatology.
Evaluation of inner ear and hearing functions in lichen planus patients
Authors: Yukkaldıran Ahmet , Erdogan Osman , Dundar Rıza , An İsa , Aksoy Mustafa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus (LP), which affects skin, nails, hair, and mucosal surfaces, is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease, and autoimmune diseases may affect the inner ear.AimsThis study aims to investigate hearing and inner ear functions of the LP patients.Patients/MethodsThe present study was formed by 49 patients who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with LP and did not receive any treatment. The healthy group consisted of 52 healthy individuals. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests were used in the hearing evaluation.ResultsAt frequencies of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the right ear and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the left ear in PTA, the lichen group's hearing thresholds were higher than the healthy group's. Upon comparing the hearing thresholds of LP patients with oral mucosa involvement and LP patients without oral mucosa involvement, there were significant differences between the groups at 1, 4, and 8 kHz in the right ear and at 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz in the left ear.ConclusionBecause of the increasing hearing thresholds, we think that hearing and inner ear functions of LP patients, particularly with oral mucosal involvement, are negatively affected.