bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐pole fault line selection method for MVDC distribution grid based on 0‐mode power
Authors: Gao Shuping , Shao Mingxing , Song Guobing , Xu Zhenxi , Duan Bicong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAt present, the MVDC distribution grid is developing rapidly and relay protection is the key technology to ensure stable operation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the fault line selection method. Firstly, the fault characteristics are analysed when a fault occurs in the line, and a novel single‐pole fault line selection method is proposed based on 0‐mode power. The polarity of current fault component measured at the terminal of each line is used to identify the internal and external faults. And the 0‐mode power is used to select the faulty line. Finally, to verify the correctness of the proposed method, a radial MVDC distribution grid is built in PSCAD to output fault data in different fault conditions, and the fault line selection algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed method is fast, effective, reliable and it has a certain degree of tolerance to transition resistance with a strong anti‐data delay and anti‐interference ability. Moreover, the fault line selection method proposed in this paper can still correctly select the fault line in the case of serious faults such as multiple line faults, sudden removal of lines, and sudden changes in photovoltaic output power.
An unsupervised generative adversarial network for single image deraining
Authors: Song Zhiying , Guo Yuting , Ma Zifan , Tang Ruocong , Liu Linfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the basis of image processing, single image deraining has always been a significant and challenging issue. Due to the lack of real rainy images and corresponding clean images, most deraining networks are trained by synthetic datasets, which makes the output images unsatisfactory in real applications. Besides, note that a heavy rainfall is typically accompanied with some fog. Although some deraining networks have been proposed to remove the rain streaks in the rainy images, the output images may still be blurred due to the accompanied fog. In this paper, these problems existing in single image deraining is comprehensively considered, and propose a Cycle‐Derain network based on an unsupervised attention‐guided mechanism. Specifically, the Cycle‐Derain network takes advantage of generative adversarial networks with two mappings and the cycle consistency loss to train both unpaired rainy images and rain‐free images. Moreover, it introduces an unsupervised attention‐guided mechanism and exploits the loop‐search positioning algorithm to deal with the details of rain and fog in images. Extensive experiments have been carried out, and the results show that the proposed Cycle‐Derain network is preferable compared with other deraining networks, especially in term of rainy image restoration.
Crosstalk in modern software defined radio for the implementation of frequency modulated continuous wave radar
Authors: Butt Faran Awais , Ritchie Matthew , Griffiths Hugh , Li Wenda , Naqvi Ijaz Haider 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates crosstalk and leakage in the Software Defined Radio implementation of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar systems. Empirical measurements of leakage power were conducted during the implementation of FMCW radar using National Instruments Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) boards. Mono‐static and bi‐static/distributed Transmitter‐Receiver configurations are compared for low power micro‐Doppler applications. The impact of crosstalk on the dynamic range of the target is also investigated. The impact of electric noise generated by a windy source on the receiving USRP is also investigated. Furthermore, a simple splitter based approach is proposed to overcome the challenge of synchronisation or recovery of transmitted waveform in distributed configurations.
Hemispheric sunspot numbers 1874–2020
Authors: Veronig Astrid M. , Jain Shantanu , Podladchikova Tatiana , Pötzi Werner , Clette Frederic 
Published: July 2021

Context. Previous studies show significant north–south asymmetries for various features and indicators of solar activity. These findings suggest some decoupling between the two hemispheres over the solar cycle evolution, which is in agreement with dynamo theories. For the most important solar activity index, the sunspot numbers, so far only limited data are available for the two hemispheres independently.
Aims. The aim of this study is to create a continuous series of daily and monthly hemispheric sunspot numbers (HSNs) from 1874 to 2020, which will be continuously expanded in the future with the HSNs provided by SILSO.
Methods. Based on the available daily measurements of hemispheric sunspot areas from 1874 to 2016 from Greenwich Royal Observatory and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we derive the relative fractions of the northern and southern activity. These fractions are applied to the international sunspot number (ISN) to derive the HSNs. This method and obtained data are validated against published HSNs for the period 1945–2004 and those provided by SILSO for 1992 to 2016.
Results. We provide a continuous data series and catalogue of daily, monthly mean, and 13-month smoothed monthly mean HSNs for the time range 1874–2020 –fully covering solar cycles 12 to 24– that are consistent with the newly calibrated ISN (Clette et al., 2014). Validation of the reconstructed HSNs against the direct data available since 1945 reveals a high level of consistency, with Pearson correlation coefficients of r = 0.94 (0.97) for the daily (monthly mean) data. The cumulative hemispheric asymmetries for cycles 12–24 give a mean value of 16%, with no obvious pattern in north–south predominance over the cycle evolution. The strongest asymmetry occurs for cycle no. 19, in which the northern hemisphere shows a cumulated predominance of 42%. The phase shift between the peaks of solar activity in the two hemispheres may be up to 28 months, with a mean absolute value over cycles 12–24 of 16.8 months. The phase shifts reveal an overall asymmetry of the northern hemisphere reaching its cycle maximum earlier (in 10 out of 13 cases), with a mean signed phase shift of −7.6 months. Relating the ISN and HSN peak growth rates during the cycle rise phase with the cycle amplitude reveals higher correlations when considering the two hemispheres individually, with r ≈ 0.9.
Conclusions. Our findings provide further evidence that to some degree the solar cycle evolves independently in the two hemispheres, and demonstrate that empirical solar cycle prediction methods can be improved by investigating the solar cycle dynamics in terms of the HSN evolution.
Integration immuntherapeutischer Ansätze in individuelle Behandlungsansätze bei rezidivierten Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Büntzel Jens 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG10–20 % aller Kopf-Hals-Tumorpatienten erleiden ein lokales oder lokoregionäres Rezidiv. Gute Ergebnisse haben hier lokale Verfahren wie eine nochmalige Strahlentherapie, Resektion oder ablative Chirurgie, inklusive der photodynamischen Therapie. Seit einigen Jahren kommen auch Immuntherapeutika (Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, EGFRInhibitoren) immer früher bei diesen Patienten zum Einsatz. Dies führt zu wesentlichen längeren Krankheitsverläufen mit breiten Kombinationsmöglichkeiten einerseits (Kasuistik 1), andererseits sind neue Interaktionen zu beachten (Kasuistik 2). Insbesondere bei aktiven Patienten mit diversen komplementärmedizinischen Behandlungsansätzen müssen diese Wechselwirkungen kritisch beachtet und hinterfragt werden.
The Proteolytic Inactivation of Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor by Neutrophil Elastase Might Promote the Procoagulant Activity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis
Authors: Bianchini Elsa P. , Razanakolona Mahita , Helms Julie , Zouiti Fouzia , Couteau-Chardon Amélie , Marin-Esteban Viviana , Chaisemartin Luc de , De-Carvalho Allan , Bironien Roselyne , Chollet-Martin Sylvie , Denis Cécile V. , Diehl Jean-Luc , Vasse Marc , Meziani Ferhat , Borgel Delphine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeptic shock is the archetypal clinical setting in which extensive crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation dysregulates the latter. The main anticoagulant systems are systematically impaired, depleted, and/or downregulated. Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is an anticoagulant serpin that not only targets coagulation factors Xa and XIa but also acts as an acute phase reactant whose plasma concentration rises in inflammatory settings. The objective of the present study was to assess the plasma ZPI antigen level in a cohort of patients suffering from septic shock with or without overt-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The plasma ZPI antigen level was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the patient group (n = 100; 38 with DIC and 62 without) than in healthy controls (n = 31). The elevation's magnitude did not appear to depend on the presence/absence of DIC. Furthermore, Western blots revealed the presence of cleaved ZPI in plasma from patients with severe sepsis, independently of the DIC status. In vitro, ZPI was proteolytically inactivated by purified neutrophil elastase (NE) and by NE on the surface of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The electrophoretic pattern of ZPI after NE-catalyzed proteolysis was very similar to that resulting from the clotting process—suggesting that the cleaved ZPI observed in severe sepsis plasma is devoid of anticoagulant activity. Taken as a whole, our results (1) suggest that NE is involved in ZPI inactivation during sepsis, and (2) reveal a novel putative mechanism for the procoagulant activity of NETs in immunothrombosis.
First Lumbrical Muscle Flap for Recurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Anatomical Study and Surgical Technique
Authors: Tormos Esther Fernández , Montoya Fernando Corella , Cereceda Blanca Del Campo , Hernández Montserrat Ocampos , Osorio Teresa Vázquez , Garijo Ricardo Larrainzar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome implies the reappearance of symptoms after release surgery. If the cause of recurrence is not an incomplete release, but a traction neuritis, the tendency is to add to the revision surgery of the carpal tunnel the use of flaps to cover the median nerve. These flaps establish a physical barrier between the nerve and the rest of the adjacent structures, preventing adhesions, and providing neovascularization and better nerve sliding.In the present work, we detail a revision surgery in which the first lumbrical muscle is used as a covering flap. This flap has two benefits. Firstly, it acts as a vascularized coverage for the median nerve (avoiding the formation of fibrosis and favoring its sliding); secondly, a structure that takes up space is removed from the carpal tunnel, thus reducing the pressure within it.Along with the explanation of the technique, the present article provides a detailed description of the anatomical variability of the first lumbrical muscle and its vascularization, as well as the results of a cadaveric study on the location of the vascular pedicle of the first lumbrical muscle.
Alagille Syndrome: A Focused Review on Clinical Features, Genetics, and Treatment
Authors: Kohut Taisa J. , Gilbert Melissa A. , Loomes Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in JAG1 or NOTCH2, which encode fundamental components of the Notch signaling pathway. Clinical features span multiple organ systems including hepatic, cardiac, vascular, renal, skeletal, craniofacial, and ocular, and occur with variable phenotypic penetrance. Genotype–phenotype correlation studies have not yet shown associations between mutation type and clinical manifestations or severity, and it has been hypothesized that modifier genes may modulate the effects of JAG1 and NOTCH2 pathogenic variants. Medical management is supportive, focusing on clinical manifestations of disease, with liver transplant indicated for severe pruritus, liver synthetic dysfunction, portal hypertension, bone fractures, and/or growth failure. New therapeutic approaches are under investigation, including ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors and other approaches that may involve targeted interventions to augment the Notch signaling pathway in involved tissues.
Utilizing tertiary butyl iodide as an effective film quality enhancing agent for atomic layer deposition of HfO2 dielectric thin films
Authors: Tan Kok Chew , Jung Jaesun , Kim Sojung , Kim Jongmoon , Lee Seok Jong , Park Young-Soo 
Published: July 2021

The effects of the initial pulse of tert-butyl iodide as a surfactant in atomic layer deposition of HfO2 using cyclopentadienyl tris(dimethylamino) hafnium, CpHf(NMe2)3, and ozone, O3, are investigated at 320, 300, and 250 °C. The formation of 2-methylpropene and hydrogen iodide from tert-butyl iodide via elimination reactions is the key idea of our effective approach for improving film conformality, film quality, and leakage current simultaneously. Our predicted growth mechanisms, supported by experimental results, suggest that different blocking probabilities by 2-methylpropene and hydrogen iodide on the top and bottom sides of the trench feature with an aspect ratio of 22.6:1 lead to 10% improvement in film conformality. In addition, ligand exchanges between the Hf precursor and hydrogen iodide lead to effective removal of large portions of carbon-containing ligands, resulting in a significant reduction in carbon residues, 76% at 320 °C and 40% at 250 °C, as evidenced by secondary ion mass spectrometry results. An increase in film density is also observed partly due to better completion of surface reactions between –I of Hf–I and O3. In terms of electrical properties, a significant improvement of 95% in leakage current is achieved due to the improvement in the film quality when tert-butyl iodide is employed. The deposited HfO2 film has superior leakage properties of 5.18 × 10−8 A/cm2 at 3 MV/cm, which is below the dynamic random access memory leakage current limit.
Geometric horizons in binary black hole mergers
Authors: Coley Alan , Peters Jeremy M , Schnetter Erik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We numerically study the algebraic properties of the Weyl tensor through the merger of two non-spinning black holes (BHs). We are particularly interested in the conjecture that for such a vacuum spacetime, which is zeroth-order algebraically general, a geometric horizon (GH), on which the spacetime is algebraically special and which is identified by the vanishing of a complex scalar invariant (

D

), characterizes a smooth foliation independent surface (horizon) associated with the BH. In the first simulation we investigate the level-0 sets of

Re

(

D

)

(since

Im

(

D

)

=
0

) in the head-on collision of two unequal mass BHs. In the second simulation we shall investigate the level-ɛ sets of

|
D
|

through a quasi-circular merger of two non-spinning, equal mass BHs. The numerical results, as displayed in the figures presented, provide evidence that a (unique) smooth GH can be identified throughout all stages of the binary BH merger.
Comparison of actin- and microtubule-based motility systems for application in functional nanodevices
Authors: Reuther Cordula , Catalano Rachele , Salhotra Aseem , Vemula Venukumar , Korten Till , Diez Stefan , Månsson Alf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Over the last 25 years, extensive progress has been made in developing a range of nanotechnological applications where cytoskeletal filaments and molecular motors are key elements. This includes novel, highly miniaturized lab on a chip systems for biosensing, nanoseparation etc but also new materials and parallel computation devices for solving otherwise intractable mathematical problems. For such approaches, both actin-based and microtubule-based cytoskeletal systems have been used. However, in accordance with their different cellular functions, actin filaments and microtubules have different properties and interaction kinetics with molecular motors. Therefore, the two systems obviously exhibit different advantages and encounter different challenges when exploited for applications. Specifically, the achievable filament velocities, the capability to guide filaments along nanopatterned tracks and the capability to attach and transport cargo differ between actin- and microtubule-based systems. Our aim here is to systematically elucidate these differences to facilitate design of new devices and optimize future developments. We first review the cellular functions and the fundamental physical and biochemical properties of actin filaments and microtubules. In this context we also consider their interaction with molecular motors and other regulatory proteins that are of relevance for applications. We then relate these properties to the advantages and challenges associated with the use of each of the motor-filament systems for different tasks. Finally, fundamental properties are considered in relation to some of the most interesting future development paths e.g. in biosensing and biocomputation.
Decoding the DC and optical conductivities of disordered MoS2 films: an inverse problem
Authors: Duarte F R , Mukim S , Molina-Sánchez A , Rappoport Tatiana G , Ferreira M S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To calculate the conductivity of a material having full knowledge of its composition is a reasonably simple task. To do the same in reverse, i.e. to find information about the composition of a device from its conductivity response alone, is very challenging and even more so in the presence of disorder. An inversion methodology capable of decoding the information contained in the conductivity response of disordered structures has been recently proposed but despite claims of generality and robustness, the method has only been used with 2D systems possessing relatively simple electronic structures. Here we put these claims to the test and generalise the inversion method to the case of monolayer MoS2, a material whose electronic structure is far more complex and elaborate. Starting from the spectral function that describes the DC conductivity of a disordered sample of a single layered MoS2 containing a small concentration of randomly dispersed vacancies, we are able to invert the signal and find the exact composition of defects with an impressive degree of accuracy. Remarkably, equally accurate results are obtained with the optical conductivity. This is indicative of a methodology that is indeed suitable to extract composition information from different 2D materials, regardless of their electronic structure complexity. Calculated conductivity results were used as a proxy for their experimental counterpart and were obtained with an efficient quantum transport code (KITE) based on a real-space multi-orbital tight-binding model with parameters generated by density functional theory.
Completion of JT-60SA construction and contribution to ITER
Authors: Kamada Y. , Di Pietro E. , Hanada M. , Barabaschi P. , Ide S. , Davis S. , Yoshida M. , Giruzzi G. , Sozzi C. , the JT-60SA Integrated Project Team  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Construction of the JT-60SA tokamak was completed on schedule in March 2020. Manufacture and assembly of all the main tokamak components satisfied technical requirements, including dimensional accuracy and functional performances. Development of the plasma heating systems and diagnostics have also progressed, including the demonstration of the favourable electron cyclotron range of frequency (ECRF) transmission at multiple frequencies and the achievement of long sustainment of a high-energy intense negative ion beam. Development of all the tokamak operation control systems has been completed, together with an improved plasma equilibrium control scheme suitable for superconducting tokamaks including ITER. For preparation of the tokamak operation, plasma discharge scenarios have been established using this advanced equilibrium controller. Individual commissioning of the cryogenic system and the power supply system confirmed that these systems satisfy design requirements including operational schemes contributing directly to ITER, such as active control of heat load fluctuation of the cryoplant, which is essential for dynamic operation in superconducting tokamaks. The integrated commissioning (IC) is started by vacuum pumping of the vacuum vessel and cryostat, and then moved to cool-down of the tokamak and coil excitation tests. Transition to the super-conducting state was confirmed for all the TF, EF and CS coils. The TF coil current successfully reached 25.7 kA, which is the nominal operating current of the TF coil. For this nominal toroidal field of 2.25 T, ECRF was applied and an ECRF plasma was created. The IC was, however, suspended by an incident of over current of one of the superconducting equilibrium field coil and He leakage caused by insufficient voltage holding capability at a terminal joint of the coil. The unique importance of JT-60SA for H-mode and high-β steady-state plasma research has been confirmed using advanced integrated modellings. These experiences of assembly, IC and plasma operation of JT-60SA contribute to ITER risk mitigation and efficient implementation of ITER operation.
Synthesis of chaotic space-time structures by swarm of control objects
Authors: Abrosimov V K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problems of constructing chaotic space-time structures by a swarm of control objects of small sizes have been considered. The most methods for movement simulation are developed for the conditions, when the object’s form, movement environment, and control strategies are rather well known. In this paper the chaos organization model is constructed as a model of Craig Reynolds’ swarm movement, into which special fuzzy coefficients are introduced. Varying these coefficients allows influencing the size of the swarm and significantly changing the relative position of the swarm elements. When such structures are created, the errors in predicting the further actions of the swarm increase and the assessment of the swarm behavior by an external observer becomes much more difficult. We have shown that for the case when the group forms a swarm, the size and shape of the swarm are essential for forecasting. The paper shows that the introduction of special coefficients into the well-known algorithm of Craig Reynolds’ swarm movement can provide such rearrangements.
Robotic systems implementation into law enforcement practice and peculiarities of decision-making models in such systems
Authors: Kholostov K M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The proposed directions of artificial intelligence technologies use in maintenance of order and public safety are presented. One of the major directions is the introduction of robotic systems into law enforcement practice, with the respect to certain problems related to the development of models and algorithms for the operation of automatic and semi-automatic robotic means are considered. Possible directions to create models and decision-making methods in control systems of security robots are proposed. As a basis for model development, the experience of creating and operating combat robots, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. In the proposed models and methods, the emphasis on ensuring the safety, reliability and lawful (legal) operation of the created robotic means is emphasized. to ensure safety and reliability, manufacturers and developers of security robotic equipment are to create a unified knowledge base, including rules, prohibitions, and restrictions, with the help of which it is supposed to combine the experience of using security robots and unify approaches to their development and creation.