bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Loss During COVID-19: An Early Systematic Review
Authors: Patrinos Harry , Donnelly Robin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With COVID-19 having caused significant disruption to the global education system, researchers are beginning to become concerned with the impact that this has had on student learning progress and, in particular, if learning loss has been experienced. To evaluate this, we conduct a thorough analysis of recorded learning loss evidence documented between March 2020 and March 2021. This systematic review aims to consolidate available data and document what has currently been reported in the literature. Given the novelty of the subject, eight studies were identified; seven of these found evidence of student learning loss amongst at least some of the participants, while one of the seven also found instances of learning gains in a particular subgroup. The remaining study found increased learning gains in their participants. Additionally, four of the studies observed increases in inequality where certain demographics of students experienced learning losses more significant than others. It is determined that further research is needed to increase the quantity of studies produced, their geographical focus, and the numbers of students they observe.
Recruitment strategies to promote uptake of cervical cancer screening in West Cameroon
Authors: Pham Marie-Anne , Benkortbi Khadidja , Kenfack Bruno , Tincho Evelyn , Sormani Jessica , Wisniak Ania , Lemoupa Sophie , Manga Engelbert , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives

World Health Organization’s (WHO) global strategy for cervical cancer elimination has set for 2030 that all countries reach the target of 70% coverage screening rate. Communities’ sensitization through media is often used but community health workers’ (CHW) involvement may contribute to improve screening coverage. We aimed to assess effectiveness and costs of two cervical cancer screening recruitment strategies conducted in a low resource setting.
Methods

The study was conducted in West region of Cameroon precisely in Dschang Health District, a community of 300’000 people. From September 2018 to February 2020, we recruited and screened women in a cervical cancer single-visit prevention campaign at Dschang District Hospital. For the first nine months, recruitment was only based on Community Information Channels (CIC) (i.e. street banners). Since the tenth month, participation of CHW was added for recruitment in the community after training for cervical cancer counselling. Population recruitment was compared between the two strategies by assessing the number of recruited women, and direct costs (CHW costs include recruitment, teaching, certification, identification badge, flyers, transport, and salary). Interventions’ cost-effectiveness is expressed using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).
Results and discussion

During the period under study, 1940 women were recruited, HPV positive rate was 18.6% (n = 361) and 39 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) (10,8% of HPV-positive women) were diagnosed. Among participants, 69.9% (n = 1356) of women were recruited through CIC as compared to 30.1% (n = 584) by CHW. The cost per screened woman and CIN2 + diagnosed was higher in the CHW group as compared to the CIC group. The ICER was 6.45 USD or 16.61 2021Int’l$ per screened woman recruited by CHW. In rural areas, recruitment increased from 12.1–61.4% between CIC-led and CHW-led intervention. These outcomes highlight the importance of training, preparing, and deploying CHWs to screen hard-to-reach women, considering that up to 45% of the Cameroon population lives in a rural area.
Conclusion

CHW offer an important complement to CIC for expanding coverage in a rural sub-Saharan Africa setting like West Cameroon. CHW have a central role in building awareness and motivation for improving cervical cancer screening participation.
Policy and weather influences on mobility during the early U.S. COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Yihan , Mooring Todd , Linz Marianna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 24 continues to proliferate across the globe, it is a struggle to predict and prevent its spread. The 25 successes of mobility interventions demonstrate how policies can help limit the person-to-person 26 interactions that are essential to infection. With significant community spread, experts predict this 27 virus will continue to be a threat until safe and effective vaccines have been developed and 28 widely deployed. We aim to understand mobility changes during the first major quarantine period 29 in the United States, measured via mobile device tracking, by assessing how people changed their 30 behavior in response to policies and to weather. Here, we show that consistent national messaging 31 was associated with consistent national behavioral change, regardless of local policy. 32 Furthermore, although human behavior did vary with outdoor air temperature, these variations 33 were not associated with variations in a proxy for the rate of encounters between people. The 34 independence of encounters and temperatures suggests that weather-related behavioral changes 35 will, in many cases, be of limited relevance for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. Both of 36 these results are encouraging for the potential of clear national messaging to help contain any 37 future pandemics, and possibly to help contain COVID-19.Published in PNAS: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/22/e2018185118
Validación de un dispositivo Wireless para el control de variables cinemáticas en el rendimiento deportivo
Authors: Gaviria Samuel Jose , Ramirez Andrés Felipe , Rivera Leon Mauricio 
Published: May 2021

Validar un dispositivo Wireless para el censo de la aceleración en actividades deportivas. Para la validación se usó un transductor lineal (T-Force System Ergotech) y análisis de videografía (SkillSpector ). Participantes desarrollaron el press de banca plana en una maquina SMITH. El protocolo consistió en realizar una repetición de press de banca plana con una carga constante (18 kg). La recuperación entre cada repetición fue de 15 segundos. En total 5 sujetos desarrollaron 84 repeticiones. Los datos estuvieron caracterizados por una diferencia menor entre los valores de la media del dispositivo Wireless vs T-Force (0,18) en contraste con Wireless vs Videografía (0,46). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la aceleración de desplazamiento entre el dispositivo Wireless, transductor lineal y análisis de videografía; sin embargo, los niveles de correlación de Pearson que se reportaron manifestaron una asociación moderada (p<0,05) para las dos pruebas. El supuesto de independencia de los errores fue contrastado mediante la prueba de Durbin-Watson. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien no se presentaron altas asociaciones entre los dispositivos, el factor económico de la producción del dispositivo Wireless, lo hace una alternativa viable para el control y medición de la aceleración en la práctica deportiva.
Solución de la ecuación de Navier para el cálculo de elasticidad lineal en materiales nanoreforzados utilizando el método de elementos de frontera.
Authors: Hernández Marulanda Andrés Felipe , Gaviria Leidy Johana 
Published: May 2021

En este paper se plantea el estudio de elasticidad lineal en un material compuesto nano reforzado sometido a una fuerza externa constante con el fin de ser utilizado en la fabricación de prótesis de miembro inferior, para lo cual se desarrolló un algoritmo computacional que resuelve la ecuación de elasticidad lineal (ecuación de Navier), utilizando el método de elementos de frontera y funciones de base radial.
Se determinó si el uso de un algoritmo puede predecir el cambio en una geometría bidimensional a nivel de deformaciones, desplazamientos y esfuerzos en un material compuesto reforzado con nanotubos de carbono; utilizado en la fabricación de prótesis de miembro inferior y evidenciar el cumplimiento de los requerimientos deseados al ser sometido a una fuerza constante. Por lo anterior el análisis de la información obtenida, se apoya el proceso de selección de un material compuesto nanoreforzado para uso en el desarrollo de prótesis de miembro inferior al ser sometido a una fuerza constante. Según el algoritmo desarrollado y los resultados encontrados, el método de elementos de frontera permite la simulación del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto (acero A36, a concentraciones de nanotubos de carbono de 1%, 2%, 3%)
Construction and operation of the MIDES plant
Authors: Hernández-Ibáñez Naiara , Arévalo Juan , Mena Vicente F. , Monsalvo-Garcia Victor , Rogalla Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the construction, operation, and validation of all the MIDES systems, including water pre-treatment, wastewater pre-treatment, the microbial desalination cell (MDC), low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO), and post-treatment (remineralization and disinfection). MIDES technology has been validated with different water sources: brackish water from Demo Site 1, (Racons Brackish Water Desalination Plant (BWDP), located in Denia, Spain) and seawater from Demo Site 2 (Fonsalía Seawater Desalination Plant (SWDP), located in Guía de Isora, Spain). In this chapter, the preparation of both demo sites for the reception and installation of the pilot plants is also presented.
Microbial characterizations of water using tea polyphenols as a disinfectant for effluent treatment after the ultrafiltration process
Authors: Wei Tong , Qing Shan , Feng Cuimin , Yao Renda , Zhu Na , Xu Zhen , Wang Yongkang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The microbial characteristics of water treated by tea polyphenols after the ultrafiltration process were studied based on the continuous disinfection performance of tea polyphenols. Metagenomics was carried out to investigate the microbial community distribution, functional characteristics, and variations after disinfection, to reveal the disinfection principle of tea polyphenols, and to provide the theoretical basis for using tea polyphenols as a disinfectant to better control the growth of microorganisms. The analysis of microbial diversity and community structure showed that the microbial diversity in water was significantly reduced after disinfection with tea polyphenols. The results of hierarchical clustering analysis showed that microbial metabolism, environmental information processing, and functional modules in genetic information processing were significantly inhibited after disinfection treatment using tea polyphenols. The tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms by selection on the microorganisms in the water, thus achieving the effect of bacterial inhibition.
Numerical investigation of alternating skimming flow over a stepped spillway
Authors: Kaouachi Anouar , Carvalho Rita F. , Lopes Pedro , Benmamar Saâdia , Gafsi Moustefa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to illustrate the influence of stepped spillway width on alternating skimming flow development. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in Ansys Fluent® was established to simulate the flow over stepped spillways, using a volume of fluid model (VOF) and Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model (SST k-ω). The model was first validated by comparisons of velocity profiles at step niches and water depth at step edges with existing measurements acquired by the bubble image velocimetry (BIV) technique and an ultrasonic sensor, in a 0.5-m wide stepped spillway physical model. The SST k-ω model gave good results for velocity and water depth, and the numerical predictions of the vorticity in the skimming and recirculating flows were qualitatively adequate. The model was used to analyse the flow regime for six different stepped spillway widths. The careful examination of flow patterns at the different stepped spillway widths showed that the alternating skimming flow appears for the stepped spillways wider than 0.35 m due to the asymmetrical distribution of vorticity patches that are generated in the step cavity. These vorticity patches are of uniform size and shape when the spillway width is less than 0.35 m, which does not produce an alternating skimming flow. However, for wider stepped spillways, the vorticity increases, and an alternating skimming flow appears closer to the crest.
A simple and reliable proposal to determine the technical feasibility of biogas use and the energetic self-sustainability in UASB-based sewage treatment plants
Authors: Rodrigues Mesquita Tayane Cristiele , Sousa Izabelle de Paula , Antunes Collares Maria Fernanda , Rosa André Pereira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The biogas produced in UASB-based sewage treatment plants (STPs) is rarely used for energy purposes and its potential is often unknown. This study aimed to propose a simple and reliable method based on energy balance to determine the technical feasibility of biogas use and the energy self-sufficiency of UASB reactors. To this end, we considered (i) electric power production (E) and (ii) electric power consumption (Econ) ascribed to sewage pumping stations (SPSs) at different pressure heads (0 to 4 m, 4.1 to 8 m, 8.1 to 12 m, and 12.1 to 16 m). The technical feasibility of biogas use was assessed by evaluating if the flow of biogas produced in the STPs would be sufficient for the functioning of a commercial motor-generator. The linear model fit to estimate the biogas energy potential (y-axis) in STPs and the sewage flow (x-axis) is represented by y = 122.65x (R2 = 0.64). In total, 1,054 STPs in Brazil use UASB reactors as treatment units, of which nearly 31% are located in the southeast. However, only 11.2% of these STPs, which serve populations of over 29,981, presented technical feasibility to recover biogas. The mathematical equations proposed in this study to estimate the net electric power production in UASB-based STPs are relevant tools for sanitation companies and can enable studies to be performed for the implementation of energy self-sufficiency projects in Brazil.
Acceptability of Intervention Design Factors in mHealth Intervention Research: Experimental Factorial Study
Authors: Materia Frank T , Smyth Joshua M 
Published: May 2021

Background
With the growing interest in mobile health (mHealth), behavioral medicine researchers are increasingly conducting intervention studies that use mobile technology (eg, to support healthy behavior change). Such studies’ scientific premises are often sound, yet there is a dearth of implementational data on which to base mHealth research methodologies. Notably, mHealth approaches must be designed to be acceptable to research participants to support meaningful engagement, but little empirical data about design factors influencing acceptability in such studies exist.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the impact of two common design factors in mHealth intervention research—requiring multiple devices (eg, a study smartphone and wrist sensor) relative to requiring a single device and providing individually tailored feedback as opposed to generic content—on reported participant acceptability.

Methods
A diverse US adult convenience sample (female: 104/255, 40.8%; White: 208/255, 81.6%; aged 18-74 years) was recruited to complete a web-based experiment. A 2×2 factorial design (number of devices×nature of feedback) was used. A learning module explaining the necessary concepts (eg, behavior change interventions, acceptability, and tailored content) was presented, followed by four vignettes (representing each factorial cell) that were presented to participants in a random order. The vignettes each described a hypothetical mHealth intervention study featuring different combinations of the two design factors (requiring a single device vs multiple devices and providing tailored vs generic content). Participants rated acceptability dimensions (interest, benefit, enjoyment, utility, confidence, difficulty, and overall likelihood of participating) for each study presented.

Results
Reported interest, benefit, enjoyment, confidence in completing study requirements, and perceived utility were each significantly higher for studies featuring tailored (vs generic) content, and the overall estimate of the likelihood of participation was significantly higher. Ratings of interest, benefit, and perceived utility were significantly higher for studies requiring multiple devices (vs a single device); however, multiple device studies also had significantly lower ratings of confidence in completing study requirements, and participation was seen as more difficult and was associated with a lower estimated likelihood of participation. The two factors did not exhibit any evidence of statistical interactions in any of the outcomes tested.

Conclusions
The results suggest that potential research participants are sensitive to mHealth design factors. These mHealth intervention design factors may be important for initial perceptions of acceptability (in research or clinical settings). This, in turn, may be associated with participant (eg, self) selection processes, differential compliance with study or treatment processes, or retention over time.
The Adaptive GameSquad Xbox-Based Physical Activity and Health Coaching Intervention for Youth With Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Diagnoses: Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Bowling April B , Slavet James , Hendrick Chelsea , Beyl Robbie , Nauta Phillip , Augustyn Marilyn , Mbamalu Mediatrix , Curtin Carol , Bandini Linda , Must Aviva , Staiano Amanda E 
Published: May 2021

Background
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnoses (NPDs) in youth is increasing, and unhealthy physical activity (PA), diet, screen time, and sleep habits contribute to the chronic disease disparities and behavioral challenges this population experiences.

Objective
This pilot study aims to adapt a proven exergaming and telehealth PA coaching intervention for typically developing youth with overweight or obesity; expand it to address diet, screen, and sleep behaviors; and then test its feasibility and acceptability, including PA engagement, among youth with NPDs.

Methods
Participants (N=23; mean age 15.1 years, SD 1.5; 17 males, 9 people of color) recruited in person from clinic and special education settings were randomized to the Adaptive GameSquad (AGS) intervention or wait-list control. The 10-week adapted intervention included 3 exergaming sessions per week and 6 real-time telehealth coaching sessions. The primary outcomes included feasibility (adherence to planned sessions), engagement (uptake and acceptability as reported on process questionnaires), and PA level (combined light, moderate, and vigorous as measured by accelerometer). Descriptive statistics summarized feasibility and engagement data, whereas paired, two-tailed t tests assessed group differences in pre-post PA.

Results
Of the 6 coaching sessions, AGS participants (n=11; mean age 15.3 years, SD 1.2; 7 males, 4 people of color) completed an average of 5 (83%), averaging 81.2 minutes per week of exergaming. Of 9 participants who completed the exit questionnaire, 6 (67%) reported intention to continue, and 8 (89%) reported feeling that the coaching sessions were helpful. PA and sleep appeared to increase during the course of the intervention over baseline, video game use appeared to decrease, and pre-post intervention PA per day significantly decreased for the control (−58.8 min; P=.04) but not for the intervention group (−5.3 min; P=.77), despite potential seasonality effects. However, beta testers and some intervention participants indicated a need for reduced complexity of technology and more choice in exergames.

Conclusions
AGS shows promise in delivering a health behavior intervention remotely to youth with NPDs, but a full-scale efficacy trial with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this finding. On the basis of feedback from beta testers and intervention participants, the next steps should include reduced technology burden and increased exergame choice before efficacy testing.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03665415; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03665415.
Topics of Nicotine-Related Discussions on Twitter: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Dormanesh Allison , Majmundar Anuja , Unger Jennifer B , Kirkpatrick Matthew G , Choube Akshat , Aithal Aneesh , Ferrara Emilio , Boley Cruz Tess 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cultural trends in the United States, the nicotine consumer marketplace, and tobacco policies are changing.

Objective
The goal of this study was to identify and describe nicotine-related topics of conversation authored by the public and social bots on Twitter, including any misinformation or misconceptions that health education campaigns could potentially correct.

Methods
Twitter posts containing the term “nicotine” were obtained from September 30, 2018 to October 1, 2019. Methods were used to distinguish between posts from social bots and nonbots. Text classifiers were used to identify topics in posts (n=300,360).

Results
Prevalent topics of posts included vaping, smoking, addiction, withdrawal, nicotine health risks, and quit nicotine, with mentions of going “cold turkey” and needing help in quitting. Cessation was a common topic, with mentions of quitting and stopping smoking. Social bots discussed unsubstantiated health claims including how hypnotherapy, acupuncture, magnets worn on the ears, and time spent in the sauna can help in smoking cessation.

Conclusions
Health education efforts are needed to correct unsubstantiated health claims on Twitter and ultimately direct individuals who want to quit smoking to evidence-based cessation strategies. Future interventions could be designed to follow these topics of discussions on Twitter and engage with members of the public about evidence-based cessation methods in near real time when people are contemplating cessation.