bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the socio-economic status of households and a more sustainable diet
Authors: Eini-Zinab Hassan , Shoaibinobarian Nargeskhatoon , Ranjbar Golnaz , Norouzian Ostad Andisheh , Sobhani Seyyed Reza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:A sustainable diet is an affordable diet with low environmental impact, high food security and sufficient healthiness. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between the socio-economic status of households and a sustainable diet.Design:The food basket and socio-economic data of Iranian households were evaluated during 2016–2018. The households were classified based on the sustainability of their diet by determining the dietary carbon footprint, dietary water footprint, lower dietary costs of the household than the median and a higher dietary quality index than the median. Logistic regression was used with four models to calculate the OR of a more sustainable diet as the dependent variable regarding the different quartiles of socio-economic status (SES) as the independent variable.Setting:Iran.Participants:Iranian households (n 102 303), nationally representative, were studied.Results:Lower SES was associated with the higher OR of a sustainable diet (OR: 0·90; (95 % CI 0·87, 0·91)). Higher quartiles of SES compared with the lower SES group indicated the higher energy intake and consumption of more dairies, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts and fruits, as well as the lower intake of bread, cereal, rice and pasta.Conclusion:In countries such as Iran, where nutrition transition occurs rapidly, better economic and social levels in the populations with a higher SES are associated with increased energy intake and higher consumption of animal-based foods, which decreases sustainable diets compared with the groups with a lower SES.
A Logical Characterization of the Preferred Models of Logic Programs with Ordered Disjunction
Authors: CHARALAMBIDIS ANGELOS , RONDOGIANNIS PANOS , TROUMPOUKIS ANTONIS 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLogic programs with ordered disjunction (LPODs) extend classical logic programs with the capability of expressing alternatives with decreasing degrees of preference in the heads of program rules. Despite the fact that the operational meaning of ordered disjunction is clear, there exists an important open issue regarding its semantics. In particular, there does not exist a purely model-theoretic approach for determining the most preferred models of an LPOD. At present, the selection of the most preferred models is performed using a technique that is not based exclusively on the models of the program and in certain cases produces counterintuitive results. We provide a novel, model-theoretic semantics for LPODs, which uses an additional truth value in order to identify the most preferred models of a program. We demonstrate that the proposed approach overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional semantics of LPODs. Moreover, the new approach can be used to define the semantics of a natural class of logic programs that can have both ordered and classical disjunctions in the heads of clauses. This allows programs that can express not only strict levels of preferences but also alternatives that are equally preferred.
Childhood waist growth curves and adult diabetes
Authors: Carli Matthew M. , Sabo Roy T. , Sun Shumei S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur primary objectives are to empirically identify distinct childhood groups based on trajectories of waist circumference (WC) and waist circumference index measurements, and then to estimate associations between these groups and adult diabetes incidence, as well as other outcomes, including blood pressure, body size, body composition, and hemoglobin levels. Childhood WC and height measurements as well as various adult measurements are taken from participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Childhood groups are identified using group-based trajectory modeling. Associations between the resulting group probabilities and adult outcomes are examined using mixed models. Our results show that distinct childhood groups are identifiable for both waist size measurements, with growth curves exhibited by these groups becoming distinguishably separate at around 4 years of age. Higher probabilities for groups exhibiting the larger waist size for either measurement were estimated to have higher risks of developing diabetes in adulthood. Associations were also observed between group probabilities and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and various anthropomorphic measurements, with most associations consistently occurring in early adulthood. These findings expand upon the existing literature, showing that childhood trends in waist size, distinguishable at ages as early as 4 years, are associated with adult Type-2 diabetes.
Cardiovascular and Self-Reported Recovery in Two-Shift Systems
Authors: Stieler Lisa , Hunger Bettina , Seibt Reingard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Recovery is necessary to maintain workers’ health and efficiency. Shift work has been associated with delayed recovery processes. The objective of this study was to examine the cardiovascular and self-reported recovery measures of German shift and day workers in the hotel and catering industry. Furthermore, it aimed to clarify to what extent shift groups differentiate given additional factors that influence recovery (ability to relax, lifestyle). The sample group consisted of 64 alternative shift workers (two-shift system with a low proportion of night work) and 96-day workers employed in the hotel and catering industry. Blood pressure monitoring was conducted for 24 hr during a working day, including the phases of work, leisure, and sleep, to assess cardiovascular reduction during leisure and sleep. The blood pressure status was measured over the course of a 4-day self-assessment period. Self-reported measures, including quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), work-life balance (WPC), ability to relax (FABA), and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, drinking), were assessed through questionnaires. Sixty-one participants (36%) were hypertensives. There were no significant effects of cardiovascular recovery regarding the reduction of blood pressure for the calculated differences between WORK – LEISURE, WORK – SLEEP, and LEISURE – SLEEP among shift and day workers. Shift workers reported a significantly less favorable work-life balance ( p = .017), a decreased ability to relax ( p = .001), and less regular physical activity ( p = .003). The workload within the two-shift system of the hotel and catering industry seems to have a lesser effect on cardiovascular means than on self-reported measures of recovery. The decisive factor is the ability to relax, which means psychological detachment from work. To enable a comprehensive recovery, an optimally designed recovery cycle is necessary for shift systems.
Clarifying the Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion	Scale
Authors: Strickland Noelle J. , Nogueira-Arjona Raquel , Mackinnon Sean , Wekerle Christine , Stewart Sherry H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Self-compassion is associated with greater well-being and lower psychopathology. There are mixed findings regarding the factor structure and scoring of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested and conducted nested comparisons of six previously posited factor structures of the SCS. Participants were N = 1,158 Canadian undergraduates (72.8% women, 26.6% men, 0.6% non-binary; Mage = 19.0 years, SD = 2.3). Results best supported a two-factor hierarchical model with six lower-order factors. A general self-compassion factor was not supported at the higher- or lower-order levels; thus, a single total score is not recommended. Given the hierarchical structure, researchers are encouraged to use structural equation models of the SCS with two latent variables: self-caring and self-coldness. A strength of this study is the large sample, while the undergraduate sample may limit generalizability.
Integrating Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling to Quantify the Water Balance of Climate‐Induced Intermittent Wetlands
Authors: Chen Shengyang , Johnson Fiona , Glamore William 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWetlands are an important habitat for many species but over the past few decades ecosystem biodiversity and function have been threatened. Due to their shallow and fluctuating water levels, wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate variability. This is especially a risk for ephemeral and intermittent wetlands with limited hydrologic connections to deep aquifers, designated herein as Climate‐induced Intermittent Wetlands (CiIWs). However, the response of CiIW systems to long‐term climate variability has received limited research attention, partly because continuous ground surface monitoring data is rarely available over inter‐decadal periods. An alternative to ground surface data is the use of satellite imagery to estimate the temporal water extent variability. An integrated remote sensing and modeling approach is presented here to provide a novel method for investigating historical water storage variations in a CiIW system. The new method estimates water levels in a shallow wetland using Landsat data and was successfully validated against field water level data. The new method performed better than five existing algorithms. A water balance model was calibrated using the combined remotely sensed and local field data to derive daily water level time series since 1900. The validated water balance model results indicated that most of the water level fluctuations in the intermittent wetland can be explained by climatic drivers and subsurface flow interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of an integrated remote sensing and water balance modeling approach for hydroclimatic analysis of intermittent wetlands.
Contrasting Controls of Acidification Metrics Across Environmental Gradients in the North Pacific and the Adjunct Arctic Ocean: Insight From a Transregional Study
Authors: Wu Yingxu , Qi Di , Ouyang Zhangxian , Cao Lu , Feely Richard A. , Lin Hongmei , Cai Wei‐Jun , Chen Liqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spatiotemporal variabilities and drivers of ocean acidification (OA) metrics, [H+], pH, and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) across environmental gradients remain poorly constrained. We use a novel high‐precision measurement of underway pH to investigate the hemispheric‐scale distributions of OA metrics from East Asia to the Arctic Ocean. While temperature and its induced air‐sea gas exchange fundamentally control the OA metrics distributions, we show that biological activity exerts the most prominent but different modifications on pH and Ωarag patterns. Strong photosynthesis counteracts the temperature‐driven pH pattern but reinforces that of Ωarag. Ice melt‐induced dilution in the Arctic Ocean additionally strengthens the Ωarag‐temperature relationship but insignificantly affects [H+] and pH. This study provides the first coherent assessment of comprehensive processes on OA metrics across large spatial regions, and highlights the potential of sea‐ice melt in changing Ωarag distribution, which should be included by Earth system models projecting future climate change.
Reconciling Debates on the Controls on Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity: Effects of Scale and Sampling
Authors: Lai Jiameng , Zhan Wenfeng , Quan Jinling , Liu Zihan , Li Long , Huang Fan , Hong Falu , Liao Weilin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVariations in the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) are regulated mainly by three types of control: surface property, background climate (or weather) conditions, and overall urban metric. However, intensive debates arise over the relative importance of these three control types. Here, over 896 Chinese city clusters, we reconcile these debates by showing that the priorities of the three SUHII control types depend closely on the scale and sampling criteria, although they are all crucial in regulating SUHII variations. With increasing temporal scale, the contributions from climate (or weather) conditions decrease, while those from surface property and overall urban metric increase. We find no consistent ranking in the relative importance of these three control types on various spatial scales. The sampling style of city cluster also contributes to disagreements regarding SUHII controls. Our findings potentially help resolve the long‐standing debate on the relative importance of SUHII controls.
Long‐Term Earth‐Moon Evolution With High‐Level Orbit and Ocean Tide Models
Authors: Daher Houraa , Arbic Brian K. , Williams James G. , Ansong Joseph K. , Boggs Dale H. , Müller Malte , Schindelegger Michael , Austermann Jacqueline , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Crawford Eliana B. , Fringer Oliver B. , Lau Harriet C. P. , Lock Simon J. , Maloof Adam C. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Green J. A. Mattias , Huber Matthew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTides and Earth‐Moon system evolution are coupled over geological time. Tidal energy dissipation on Earth slows rotation rate, increases obliquity, lunar orbit semi‐major axis and eccentricity, and decreases lunar inclination. Tidal and core‐mantle boundary dissipation within the Moon decrease inclination, eccentricity and semi‐major axis. Here we integrate the Earth‐Moon system backwards for 4.5 Ga with orbital dynamics and explicit ocean tide models that are “high‐level” (i.e., not idealized). To account for uncertain plate tectonic histories, we employ Monte Carlo simulations, with tidal energy dissipation rates (normalized relative to astronomical forcing parameters) randomly selected from ocean tide simulations with modern ocean basin geometry and with 55, 116, and 252 Ma reconstructed basin paleogeometries. The normalized dissipation rates depend upon basin geometry and rotation rate. Faster Earth rotation generally yields lower normalized dissipation rates. The Monte Carlo results provide a spread of possible early values for the Earth‐Moon system parameters. Of consequence for ocean circulation and climate, absolute (un‐normalized) ocean tidal energy dissipation rates on the early Earth may have exceeded rate due to a closer Moon. Prior to , evolution of inclination and eccentricity is dominated by tidal and core‐mantle boundary dissipation within the Moon, which yield high lunar orbit inclinations in the early Earth‐Moon system. A drawback for our results is that the semi‐major axis does not collapse to near‐zero values at 4.5 Ga, as indicated by most lunar formation models. Additional processes, missing from our current efforts, are discussed as topics for future investigation.
Quantifying Depth‐Dependent Seismic Anisotropy in the Critical Zone Enhanced by Weathering of a Piedmont Schist
Authors: Eppinger B. J. , Hayes J. L. , Carr B. J. , Moon S. , Cosans C. L. , Holbrook W. S. , Harman C. J. , Plante Z. T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeathering processes weaken and break apart rock, freeing nutrients and enhancing permeability through the subsurface. To better understand these processes, it is useful to constrain physical properties of materials derived from weathering within the critical zone. Foliated rocks exhibit permeability, strength and seismic anisotropy–the former two bear hydrological and geomorphological consequences while the latter is geophysically quantifiable. Each of these types of anisotropy are related to rock fabric (fractures and foliation); thus, characterizing weathering‐dependent changes in rock fabric with depth may have a range of implications (e.g., landslide susceptibility, groundwater modeling, and landscape evolution). To better understand how weathering effects rock fabric, we quantify seismic anisotropy in saprolite and weathered bedrock within two catchments underlain by the Precambrian Loch Raven schist, located in Oregon Ridge Park, MD. Using circular geophone arrays and perpendicular seismic refraction profiles, anisotropy versus depth functions are created for material 0–25 m below ground surface (bgs). We find that anisotropy is relatively low (0%–15%) in the deepest material sampled (12–25 m bgs) but becomes more pronounced (29%–33%) at depths corresponding with saprolite and highly weathered bedrock (5–12 m bgs). At shallow soil depths (0–5 m bgs), material is seismically isotropic, indicating that mixing processes have destroyed parent fabric. Therefore, in situ weathering and anisotropy appear to be correlated, suggesting that in‐place weathering amplifies the intrinsic anisotropy of bedrock.
Non‐Monotonic Floodplain Responses to Changes in Flooding Intensity
Authors: Barefoot Eric A. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Straub Kyle M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOverbank flooding is common along most rivers, and it influences the dispersal of sediment to floodplains. While variable discharge is a critical aspect of fluvial landscape evolution, it is typically modeled by simplifying the hydrograph to an equivalent steady discharge: the channel‐forming discharge. However, for all formulations used to simplify hydrographs, many different inputs can produce the same channel‐forming discharge. Here, we investigate how hydrographs with different flood intensities affect channel mobility, sediment accumulation patterns, and alluvial morphology using a suite of physical experiments where a fan delta grew by dispersing a cohesive sediment mixture into a basin. The experiments spanned three levels: no flooding, low‐intensity flooding, and high‐intensity flooding, while the time‐averaged water and sediment discharge was equivalent between all flooding regimes. Across this gradient, channel mobility, alluvial morphology and sediment dispersal scaled non‐monotonically with flooding intensity, and the data suggest that levee‐building feedbacks are the cause. We found that flood intensity modulates the relative balance between sediment delivery to channel margins, which nourishes levee growth, and the intensity of overbank flow, which inhibits levee growth. When flooding was absent, levees experienced consistent overbank flow and sediment delivery, leading to moderate levee aggradation and sporadic levee breaches. In contrast, when low‐intensity flooding was imposed, levees experienced enhanced sediment delivery by low‐amplitude floods, but only intermittent scouring. A further increase in flood intensity generated intense overbank flows that inhibited levee growth altogether. These results imply the existence of an optimum levee‐building condition, where flooding conditions stabilize channels through levee‐building feedbacks.
Data‐Driven Inference of the Mechanics of Slip Along Glacier Beds Using Physics‐Informed Neural Networks: Case Study on Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica
Authors: Riel B. , Minchew B. , Bischoff T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReliable projections of sea‐level rise depend on accurate representations of how fast‐flowing glaciers slip along their beds. The mechanics of slip are often parameterized as a constitutive relation (or “sliding law”) whose proper form remains uncertain. Here, we present a novel deep learning‐based framework for learning the time evolution of drag at glacier beds from time‐dependent ice velocity and elevation observations. We use a feedforward neural network, informed by the governing equations of ice flow, to infer spatially and temporally varying basal drag and associated uncertainties from data. We test the framework on 1D and 2D ice flow simulation outputs and demonstrate the recovery of the underlying basal mechanics under various levels of observational and modeling uncertainties. We apply this framework to time‐dependent velocity data for Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica, and present evidence that ocean‐tide‐driven changes in subglacial water pressure drive changes in ice flow over the tidal cycle.
Discovery and characterization of UipA, a uranium- and iron-binding PepSY protein involved in uranium tolerance by soil bacteria
Authors: Gallois Nicolas , Alpha-Bazin Béatrice , Bremond Nicolas , Ortet Philippe , Barakat Mohamed , Piette Laurie , Mohamad Ali Abbas , Lemaire David , Legrand Pierre , Theodorakopoulos Nicolas , Floriani Magali , Février Laureline , Den Auwer Christophe , Arnoux Pascal , Berthomieu Catherine , Armengaud Jean , Chapon Virginie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Uranium is a naturally occurring radionuclide. Its redistribution, primarily due to human activities, can have adverse effects on human and non-human biota, which poses environmental concerns. The molecular mechanisms of uranium tolerance and the cellular response induced by uranium exposure in bacteria are not yet fully understood. Here, we carried out a comparative analysis of four actinobacterial strains isolated from metal and radionuclide-rich soils that display contrasted uranium tolerance phenotypes. Comparative proteogenomics showed that uranyl exposure affects 39–47% of the total proteins, with an impact on phosphate and iron metabolisms and membrane proteins. This approach highlighted a protein of unknown function, named UipA, that is specific to the uranium-tolerant strains and that had the highest positive fold-change upon uranium exposure. UipA is a single-pass transmembrane protein and its large C-terminal soluble domain displayed a specific, nanomolar binding affinity for UO22+ and Fe3+. ATR-FTIR and XAS-spectroscopy showed that mono and bidentate carboxylate groups of the protein coordinated both metals. The crystal structure of UipA, solved in its apo state and bound to uranium, revealed a tandem of PepSY domains in a swapped dimer, with a negatively charged face where uranium is bound through a set of conserved residues. This work reveals the importance of UipA and its PepSY domains in metal binding and radionuclide tolerance.
Morphological studies of rose prickles provide new insights
Authors: Zhou Ningning , Simonneau Fabienne , Thouroude Tatiana , Oyant Laurence Hibrand-Saint , Foucher Fabrice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrickles are common structures in plants that play a key role in defense against herbivores. In theRosagenus, prickles are widely present with great diversity in terms of form and density. For cut rose production, prickles represent an important issue, as they can damage the flower and injure workers. Our objectives were to precisely describe the types of prickles that exist in roses, their tissues of origin and their development. We performed a detailed histological analysis of prickle initiation and development in a rose F1 population. Based on the prickle investigation of 110 roses, we proposed the first categorization of prickles in theRosagenus. They are mainly divided into two categories, nonglandular prickles (NGPs) and glandular prickles (GPs), and subcategories were defined based on the presence/absence of hairs and branches. We demonstrated that NGPs and GPs both originate from multiple cells of the ground meristem beneath the protoderm. For GPs, the gland cells originate from the protoderm of the GP at the early developmental stage. Our findings clearly demonstrate that prickles are not modified trichomes (which originate from the protoderm). These conclusions are different from the current mainstream hypothesis. These results provide a foundation for further studies on prickle initiation and development in plants.