bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved active power dynamic response of voltage‐controlled doubly fed induction generator
Authors: Xie Zhen , Gao Xiang , Li Zhe , Ma Mingyao , Zhang Xing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe voltage‐controlled doubly fed induction generator (VC‐DFIG) is widely studied because of its self‐synchronous control characteristics and its ability to actively support the grid voltage and frequency. However, the VC‐DFIG is a multi‐loop and cascade‐controlled system, and the bandwidth design of each control loop is difficult. When the power instruction and grid frequency disturbances occur, the improper bandwidth designs will cause severe oscillation and overshoot. In this study, the Thevenin equivalent voltage model of DFIG is derived, combined with the characteristics of voltage control, and the control structure of VC‐DFIG is constructed. On this basis, a small signal model of active power dynamic response is established, which includes the characteristics of the voltage control loop and active power loop. For the parameter robustness and dynamic response of VC‐DFIG, the frequency damping control strategy and the lead‐lag correction control strategy are proposed. Finally, the enhanced VC‐DFIG technology was realised through the 2.0 MW DFIG experimental platform, and the effectiveness of the two proposed control strategies were verified.
Optimal planning of inverter‐based renewable energy sources towards autonomous microgrids accommodating electric vehicle charging stations
Authors: Ali Abdelfatah , Mahmoud Karar , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRenewable energy sources have recently been integrated into microgrids that are in turn connected to electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. In this regard, the optimal planning of microgrids is challenging with such uncertain generation and stochastic charging/discharging EV models. To achieve such ambitious goals, the best sites and sizes of photovoltaic and wind energy units in microgrids with EV are accurately determined in this work using an optimization technique. This proposed technique considers 1) generation profile uncertainty in photovoltaic and wind energy units as well as the total load demand, 2) photovoltaic and wind generation units' DSTATCOM operation capability, and 3) various branch and node constraints in the microgrid. Most importantly, the possible EV requirements are also taken into account, including initial and predetermined state of charge (SOC) arrangements, arrival and departure hours, and diverse regulated and unregulated charging strategies. A bi‐level metaheuristic‐based solution is established to address this complex planning model. The outer level and inner‐level functions optimize renewable energy sources and EV decision variables. Sub‐objectives to be optimized voltage deviations as well as grid power. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced method for planning renewable energy sources and managing EV to effectively achieve autonomous microgrids.
Das Neugeborene als Organspender – ein ethischer
Diskurs
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: August 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,in dem vorliegenden Heft der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
(ZGN) startet eine neue, dreiteilige Serie über psychologische Diagnostik im
Peripartalzeitraum. Studien über die seelische Gesundheit in
Schwangerschaft, Wochenbett und Stillzeit haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmende
Bedeutung und Aktualität erlangt; doch kommen dabei oftmals psychologische
Messinstrumente zur Anwendung, die einem medizinischen Fachpublikum nicht ohne
weiteres geläufig sind. Die AutorInnen Tobias Weigl und Susan Garthus-Niegel
haben es sich daher zur Aufgabe gemacht, die relevanten, in deutscher Sprache
verfügbaren Fragebögen überblicksartig darzustellen. Im
Einzelnen geht es in Teil 1 um die Erfassung von Depression, Angst und Stress, in
Teil 2 um Geburtserwartungen und Geburtserleben und in Teil 3 um den Bindungsaufbau
in der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt. So soll der Leserschaft nicht nur das
Verständnis einschlägiger Publikationen, sondern auch die Auswahl
geeigneter Erhebungsinstrumente für eigene Studien erleichtert werden.
... denn wir dürfen sie nicht vergessen! Organspende
in der Neonatologie
Authors: Dame Christof , von der Hude Kerstin , Kliemann Markus , Rösner Bianka , Bührer Christoph , Garten Lars 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl sich fast 40% aller Todesfälle im Kindes- und Jugendalter
während der Neugeborenenperiode ereignen, kommt es in der Neonatologie
nur selten zur Organspende. Wir berichten über ein Neugeborenes, bei dem
nach perinataler Asphyxie der endgültige, nicht behebbare Ausfall der
Gesamtfunktion des Großhirns, des Kleinhirns und des Hirnstamms
(„Hirntod“) gemäß Transplantationsgesetz
diagnostiziert wurde. Das Herz wurde nach der sogenannten zweiten
richtliniengemäßen „Hirntoddiagnostik“ zur
Organspende entnommen und erfolgreich transplantiert. Besondere juristische
Herausforderungen ergaben sich aus dem Umstand der anonymen Geburt, den
notwendigen Regelungen der Vormundschaft sowie der Zuordnung des
Totenfürsorgerechts. Medizinisch standen die speziellen Regelungen der
Diagnostik des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls bei Neugeborenen und der
optimale Erhalt der Organfunktion vor Entnahme im Vordergrund. Für die
Pflegenden stellte sich der Ablauf grundlegend anders dar als bei einer
Therapiezieländerung mit anschließender palliativen Versorgung
in Anwesenheit der Eltern. Angesichts der großen emotionalen
Herausforderungen erwiesen sich die Einbindung aller Beteiligten in die
Entscheidungsabläufe und die Übernahme der besonderen
Verantwortung als hilfreich.
Bedeutung des Klinischen Ethikkomitees (KEKs) für Klinikmitarbeiter einer neurologischen Fachklinik
Authors: Wrede Sieke , Keilhaue Miriam , Schmidt Simone Bianca , Boltzmann Melanie , Rollnik Jens Dieter 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Klinische Ethikkomitees (KEKs) werden seit den 90er Jahren in deutschen Kliniken implementiert. Dabei stehen den Problemen bei der Eingliederung des KEKs in den Klinikalltag, die daraus resultierenden Bereicherungen und Entlastungen der Mitarbeiter und Angehörigen gegenüber. Die Überprüfung der Bedeutung des KEKs für die Mitarbeiter einer neurologischen Fachklinik ist dahingehend wichtig, da nicht selten Therapiezieländerungen in Richtung einer palliativen Versorgung angefragt werden und das Behandlungsteam gelegentlich mit der Klärung des mutmaßlichen Patientenwillens konfrontiert ist. Die durchgeführte Studie soll dazu beitragen, die Studienlage bezüglich der Arbeit des KEKs und der Bedeutung für die Klinikmitarbeiter in neurologischen Fachkliniken zu erweitern.
Methode Im Rahmen einer monozentrischen, prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden 161 Klinikmitarbeiter mit Patientenkontakt sowie 10 Mitglieder des KEKs bezüglich ihrer bisherigen Erfahrungen und Eindrücke mit und im KEK befragt. Zeitgleich wurden retrospektiv 31 Patienten identifiziert, bei denen im Jahr 2019 eine ethische Fallberatung durch das KEK durchgeführt wurde. Für die Protokolle der Fallberatungen des KEKs erfolgte eine qualitative Auswertung.
Ergebnisse 56% der befragten Mitarbeiter und 90% der KEK Mitglieder sahen das KEK als Bereicherung für die Klinik an. Obwohl über ein Drittel der Klinikmitarbeiter das KEK als Entlastung bei schwierigen ethischen Entscheidungen ansahen, wurde besonders der Bekanntheitsgrad des KEKs für Angehörige und Mitarbeiter als noch nicht ausreichend bezeichnet. Ein Hierarchieabbau durch das KEK wurde von den Mitgliedern des KEKs überwiegend bejaht (70%), wohingegen die Klinikmitarbeiter dies mehrheitlich verneinten (55%). Die Empfehlung des KEKs wurde in 94% der Fälle umgesetzt.
Schlussfolgerung Ein zentrales Problem der Arbeit mit und im KEK ist möglicherweise der geringe Bekanntheitsgrad und die unzureichende Information der Mitarbeiter. Aufgrund dieses Präsenzmangels ist das KEK im Klinikalltag nicht ausreichend sichtbar.
Privacy, Early Colostrum, and Gestational Age are Associated with
Exclusive Breastfeeding in Preterm and Sick Term Infants
Authors: Heine Eva , Mehler Katrin , Schöpping Michiko , Ganesh Lisa , Klein Ruth , Kribs Angela , Keller Titus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur study was designed to assess the rates of exclusive breastfeeding (defined as
direct breastfeeding) and the use of mother’s own milk (MOM) in preterm
infants and sick term infants at discharge and to identify potential influencing
factors such as gestational age, early colostrum, and privacy. The study was
conducted at a German level III neonatal department. All preterm and sick term
infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, the pediatric intensive
care unit, the intermediate care unit, and the low care ward were included in
the study. Infants were recruited between March and October 2015 (phase 1) and
April to July 2016 (phase 2). Due to an emergency evacuation, privacy was
limited during the first phase. Breastfeeding and the use of MOM were assessed
daily using a self-designed score. In total, 482 infants of 452 mothers were
included. More than 90% initiated breastfeeding and one-third were
exclusively breastfed at discharge. Extremely immature infants and late preterm
infants were less likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge. Privacy
(p<0.001) and early colostrum (p=0.002) significantly increased
exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Extremely immature and late preterm infants
were least likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge and need special
support. Interventions such as privacy and early colostrum should be promoted to
increase breastfeeding.
Clinical Utility of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in Fracture Risk
Assessment of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Treated with
Glucocorticoids
Authors: Nowakowska-Płaza Anna , Wroński Jakub , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Głuszko Piotr 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic glucocorticoid therapy is associated with osteoporosis and can cause
fractures in up to 50% of patients. Increased risk of fractures in
patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis does not result only from the
decreased bone mineral density (BMD) but also bone microarchitecture
deterioration. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a method complementary to DXA,
providing additional information about trabecular bone structure. The aim of
this study was to assess the clinical utility of TBS in fracture risk assessment
of patients treated with glucocorticoids. Patients with rheumatic diseases
treated with glucocorticoids for at least 3 months were enrolled. All recruited
patients underwent DXA with additional TBS assessment. We analyzed the frequency
of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures and assessed factors that might be
associated with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. A total of 64 patients were
enrolled. TBS and TBS T-score values were significantly lower in patients with
osteoporosis compared to patients without osteoporosis. Low energy fractures
occurred in 19 patients. The disturbed bone microarchitecture was found in
30% of patients with fractures without osteoporosis diagnosis based on
BMD. In the multivariate analysis, only TBS and age were significantly
associated with the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. TBS reflects the
influence of glucocorticoid therapy on bone quality better than DXA measured BMD
and provides an added value to DXA in identifying the group of patients
particularly prone to fractures.
DHEAS and Differential Blood Counts as Indirect Signs of
Glucocorticoid Excess in Adrenal Non-Producing Adenomas
Authors: Winzinger Eliza P. , Jandikova Hana , Haase Matthias , Knauerhase Andreas , Winzinger Tudor , Schott Matthias , Willenberg Holger S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe majority of incidentally discovered adrenal tumors are later characterized as
non-producing adrenocortical adenomas (NPA). We asked whether laboratory
abnormalities in parameters that reflect glucocorticoid action can be found in
patients with NPA despite their nature of being clinically unapparent. Since
glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressants we studied blood counts and
differential blood counts along with corticotropin and dehydroepiandrostenedione
sulfate (DHEAS) blood concentrations, as well as cortisol values before and
after an overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test. We compared the
results of normal individuals, of patients with adrenal adenomas and normal
hormone profiles and with subclinical autonomous glucocorticoid hypersecretion,
as well as overt cortisol excess. We found that almost all indices of the blood
counts were significantly different between the patients groups. In particular,
patients with adrenal non-producing adenomas already showed signs of
glucocorticoid excess, including relative lymphocytopenia, lowered DHEAS, and
ACTH concentrations than control individuals. We also found that the extent of
lymphocytopenia correlated with the concentrations of DHEAS and ACTH, and DHEAS
correlated well with ACTH. We conclude that the basal ACTH and DHEAS values
along with the differential blood counts give good information on the extent of
glucocorticoid excess and that silent adrenal adenomas seem to oversecrete
glucocorticoids at concentrations that already alter these parameters.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Overweight and Obesity: Turkish Nationwide Cohort Study (TurCObesity)
Authors: Sahin Ibrahim , Haymana Cem , Demir Tevfik , Demirci Ibrahim , Tasci Ilker , Atmaca Aysegul , Cakal Erman , Ata Naim , Emral Rifat , Unluturk Ugur , Ertugrul Derun , Salman Serpil , Sahin Mustafa , Dagdelen Selcuk , Celik Osman , Caglayan Murat , Satman Ilhan , Sonmez Alper 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose While obesity is related to more severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), factors leading to poor prognosis still remain unclear. The present study evaluated the outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese and variables associated with severe disease in a large group of consecutive cases.
Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using the Turkish National Healthcare Database. Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, comorbidities, and medications of patients registered between March 11 and May 30, 2020, were recorded.
Results A total of 14, 625 patients (median age:42, IQR:26 years; female 57.4%) with normal weight (34.7%), overweight (35.6%), and obesity (29.7%) were included. Hospitalization, ICU admission, intubation/mechanical ventilation, pulmonary involvement, and mortality were significantly higher in patients who were overweight or obese. In adjusted analyses, both overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.82, 1.04–3.21; p=0.037) and obesity (OR, 95% CI: 2.69, 1.02–1.05; p<0.001) were associated with a higher intubation/mechanical ventilation rate but only obesity was associated with increased mortality (OR, 95% CI: 2.56, 1.40–4.67; p=0.002). Old age, male gender, chronic kidney disease, and high C reactive protein levels were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality in overweight or obese patients.
Conclusions COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese were more likely to have adverse outcomes but only obesity was a predictor of mortality. Such patients should receive urgent medical attention and active management, especially the elderly, men, and people with chronic kidney disease.
Multi-Instance Learning Approach to Predictive Modeling of Catalysts Enantioselectivity
Authors: Varnek A. , Zankov D. , Polishchuk P. , Madzhidov T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHere, we report an application of the multi-instance learning approach to predictive modeling of enantioselectivity of chiral catalysts. Catalysts were represented by ensembles of conformations encoded­ by the pmapper physicochemical descriptors capturing stereoconfiguration of the molecule. Each catalyzed chemical reaction was transformed to a condensed graph of reaction for which ISIDA fragment descriptors were generated. This approach does not require any conformations’ alignment and can potentially be used for a diverse set of catalysts bearing different scaffolds. Its efficiency has been demonstrated in predicting the selectivity of BINOL-derived phosphoric acid catalysts in asymmetric thiol addition to N-acylimines and benchmarked with previously reported models.
Current Status of Cardiovascular Imaging in Germany: Structured Data from the National Certification Program, ESCR Registry, and Survey among Radiologists
Authors: Sieren Malte Maria , Maintz David , Gutberlet Matthias , Krombach Gabriele Anja , Bamberg Fabian , Hunold Peter , Lehmkuhl Lukas , Fischbach Katharina , Reinartz Sebastian , Antoch Gerald , Barkhausen Jörg , Sandstede Jörn , Völker Martin , Naehle Claas 
Published: August 2021

Purpose In the light of the increasing importance of cardiovascular cross-sectional imaging in current guidelines, the goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular imaging (CVI) offered by radiological institutions across Germany.
Materials and Methods Data were extracted from the national certification program database of the German Roentgen Society (DRG) from 2015–2021. A nationwide online survey among radiology institutes (university hospitals, non-university hospitals, and private practices) was conducted for 2019, and data was extracted from the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) registry. The data collection's key points included the number of centers and individuals certified for CVI, the number of cardiac CT and MRI examinations performed, the reporting habits, and the participation in the ESCR registry.
Results 71 centers and 1278 persons, both with a substantial increase since 2015, were registered and certified by the DRG to perform CVI. According to the survey, a total of 69,286 CT and 64,281 MRI examinations were performed annually. Data from the survey and the ESCR registry indicated that reporting was mostly done solely by radiologists or, to a lesser degree, in joint consensus meetings with non-radiologists. The overall participation rate in the ESCR registry was 48 % among the surveyʼs participants.
Conclusion This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that high-quality CVI by radiologists is available nationwide. The current challenges are to provide the best medical and technical quality of CVI by radiology for patient care and to ensure economic sustainability in the German health care system to accommodate the predicted substantial need for CVI in the future.
Key Points
Citation Format
Fluid Intake in the First Week of Life and the Duration of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Mirza Hussnain , Garcia Jorge , Bell Chelsea , Jones Kristen , Flynn Vicki , Pepe Julie , Oh William 
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine the association between daily fluid intake and the duration of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Advent Health for Children from January 2013 to March 2016, if hsPDA was diagnosed in first week of life and serial echocardiograms were available. Diagnosis of hsPDA was based on a scoring system and its duration was estimated from serial echocardiograms. Cohort was divided into two groups based on duration of hsPDA (<1week, group A and ≥1 week, group B). Daily fluid intake was categorized as prescribed and actual. Prescribed volume was ordered by clinicians based on birth weight, not including trophic feeds, intravenous (IV) boluses or transfusions, etc. Actual intake was calculated by the electronic medical records based on daily weights and included all enteral or parenteral fluids. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine an association between total daily fluid intake over the first week of life and the duration of hsPDA. Two groups were compared to observe the difference between prescribed and actual daily fluid intakes.
Results We enrolled 50 infants in group A and 76 in group B. Infants in group B were of significantly lower gestation and required prolonged ventilation and hospitalization. An association between higher fluid intake in the first 2 days of life and prolonged duration of hsPDA was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Actual fluid intake was significantly higher than prescribed total fluid intake in first 4 days of life for infants in both groups.
Conclusion In extremely preterm infants, higher fluid intake in first 2 days of life is associated with prolonged duration of hsPDA. Actual daily fluid intake can be significantly higher than prescribed daily fluids due to daily weight changes and additional fluid administration.
Key Points
(NH4)2S2O8-Promoted Direct C–C Coupling of Indoles with Quinones/Hydroquinones without Catalyst
Authors: Dong Yu , Ye Ji-Xian , Luo Qi-Qi , Mei Ting , Shen Ai , Huang Peng , Chen Jia , Zhang Xia , Xie Chun , Shi Zhi-Chuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn atom-economical and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of 3-indolylquinones was achieved successfully via direct oxidative C–C coupling of quinones/hydroquinones with indoles using (NH4)2S2O8 in dichloroethane at 80 °C. The efficiency of this catalytic approach was established by a broad scope of substrates involving quinones and hydroquinones to give high yields (61–93%) of 3-indolylquinones. The present protocol is simple, practical, and show good functional group tolerance. In addition, the obtained 3-indolylnaphthoquinones were conducted to further transformation to synthesize 2-amino-3-indolylnaphthoquinone and polycyclic N-heterocycles, respectively.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress in Anterior Prosthetic Rehabilitation with Zirconia Implants with and without Cantilever
Authors: Tsumanuma Karina Tiemi Sanomya , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Silva Isaias Donizeti , Miranda Milton Edson , Brandt William Cunha , Vitti Rafael Pino 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate using finite element analysis (FEA), the stress distribution in prostheses (lithium disilicate crowns) on monotype zirconia implants with and without cantilever in the anterior region of the maxilla.
Materials and Methods From a virtual reconstruction of bone model of the toothed maxilla from a computed tomography, three models (groups) were created: Zr (11–21)—implants placed in the area of 11 and 21 with cantilever; Zr (12–22)—implants placed in the area of 12 and 22 without cantilever; and Zr (11–22)—implants intercalated placed in the area of 11 and 22. In all models, monotype zirconia implant (4.1 × 12.0 mm) was used in single-body configuration. Lithium disilicate crowns were designed on the implants and pontics for all groups. A 150-N load was applied to the prostheses. The materials used were considered isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic. FEA was performed to evaluate the maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressive) principal stresses in the implant, crowns, and bone tissue. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Results For all groups, the highest maximum principal stress occurred in the palatal cervical area of the implant, with the high values for the Zr (12–22) group and the low values for the Zr (11–21) group. The maximum principal stress was concentrated in the cervical palatal area of the crown, with the Zr (11–21) group presented the highest values and the Zr (12–22) group showed the lowest values. In the bone tissue all the groups presented similar values of maximum and minimal principal stress, with the palatal (maximum principal) and vestibular (minimum principal) close to the cervical of the implants the area with the highest concentration of stresses.
Conclusions The position of monotype zirconia implant did not interfere in the bone tissue stress, and the implants placed in the 11–21 present lower stress in implants and higher in the crown. The cantilever does not increase the stress in the implants, crown, and bone tissue.