bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of GAP-43 T172 is a molecular marker of growing axons in a wide range of mammals including primates
Authors: Okada Masayasu , Kawagoe Yosuke , Sato Yuta , Nozumi Motohiro , Ishikawa Yuya , Tamada Atsushi , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Sekino Yuko , Kanemura Yonehiro , Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Kaneko Naoko , Sawamoto Kazunobu , Fujii Yukihiko , Igarashi Michihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGAP-43 is a vertebrate neuron-specific protein and that is strongly related to axon growth and regeneration; thus, this protein has been utilized as a classical molecular marker of these events and growth cones. Although GAP-43 was biochemically characterized more than a quarter century ago, how this protein is related to these events is still not clear. Recently, we identified many phosphorylation sites in the growth cone membrane proteins of rodent brains. Two phosphorylation sites of GAP-43, S96 and T172, were found within the top 10 hit sites among all proteins. S96 has already been characterized (Kawasaki et al., 2018), and here, phosphorylation of T172 was characterized. In vitro (cultured neurons) and in vivo, an antibody specific to phosphorylated T172 (pT172 antibody) specifically recognized cultured growth cones and growing axons in developing mouse neurons, respectively. Immunoblotting showed that pT172 antigens were more rapidly downregulated throughout development than those of pS96 antibody. From the primary structure, this phosphorylation site was predicted to be conserved in a wide range of animals including primates. In the developing marmoset brainstem and in differentiated neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, immunoreactivity with pT172 antibody revealed patterns similar to those in mice. pT172 antibody also labeled regenerating axons following sciatic nerve injury. Taken together, the T172 residue is widely conserved in a wide range of mammals including primates, and pT172 is a new candidate molecular marker for growing axons.
Tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia: three industrial crops for energy and hemicelluloses production
Authors: Palma Alberto , Loaiza Javier Mauricio , Díaz Manuel J. , García Juan Carlos , Giráldez Inmaculada , López Francisco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Burning fast-growing trees for energy production can be an effective alternative to coal combustion. Thus, lignocellulosic material, which can be used to obtain chemicals with a high added value, is highly abundant, easily renewed and usually inexpensive. In this work, hemicellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis of plant biomass from three different crops (Chamaecytisus proliferus, Leucaena diversifolia and Paulownia trihybrid) was modelled and the resulting solid residues were used for energy production.

Results
The influence of the nature of the lignocellulosic raw material and the operating conditions used to extract the hemicellulose fraction on the heat capacity and activation energy of the subsequent combustion process was examined.
The heat power and the activation energy of the combustion process were found to depend markedly on the hemicellulose content of the raw material. Thus, a low content in hemicelluloses resulted in a lower increased energy yield after acid hydrolysis stage.
The process was also influenced by the operating conditions of the acid hydrolysis treatment, which increased the gross calorific value (GCV) of the solid residue by 0.6–9.7% relative to the starting material. In addition, the activation energy of combustion of the acid hydrolysis residues from Chamaecytisus proliferus (Tagasaste) and Paulownia trihybrid (Paulownia) was considerably lower than that for the starting materials, the difference increasing with increasing degree of conversion as well as with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis.
The activation energy of combustion of the solid residues from acid hydrolysis of tagasaste and paulownia decreased markedly with increasing degree of conversion, and also with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis treatment. No similar trend was observed in Leucaena diversifolia (Leucaena) owing to its low content in hemicelluloses.

Conclusions
Acid hydrolysis of tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia provided a valorizable liquor containing a large amount of hemicelluloses and a solid residue with an increased heat power amenable to efficient valorization by combustion. There are many potential applications of the hemicelluloses-rich and lignin-rich fraction, for example as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing, for energy and other value-added chemicals.
Periostin loss-of-function protects mice from post-traumatic and age-related osteoarthritis
Authors: Attur Mukundan , Duan Xin , Cai Lei , Han Tianzhen , Zhang Weili , Tycksen Eric D. , Samuels Jonathan , Brophy Robert H. , Abramson Steven B. , Rai Muhammad Farooq 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Elevated levels of periostin (Postn) in the cartilage and bone are associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unknown whether Postn loss-of-function can delay or prevent the development of OA. In this study, we sought to better understand the role of Postn in OA development and assessed the functional impact of Postn deficiency on post-traumatic and age-related OA in mice.

Methods
The effects of Postn deficiency were studied in two murine experimental OA models using Postn−/− (n = 32) and littermate wild-type (wt) mice (n = 36). Post-traumatic OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 10-week-old mice (n = 20); age-related OA was analyzed in 24-month-old mice (n = 13). Cartilage degeneration was assessed histologically using the OARSI scoring system, and synovitis was evaluated by measuring the synovial lining cell layer and the cells density in the synovial stroma. Bone changes were measured by μCT analysis. Serum levels of Postn were determined by ELISA. Expression of Postn and collagenase-3 (MMP-13) was measured by immunostaining. RNA-seq was performed on chondrocytes isolated from 21-day old Postn−/− (n = 3) and wt mice (n = 3) to discover genes and pathways altered by Postn knockout.

Results
Postn−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and OARSI score relative to wt mice in post-traumatic OA after 8 weeks (maximum: 2.37 ± 0.74 vs. 4.00 ± 1.20, P = 0.011; summed: 9.31 ± 2.52 vs. 21.44 ± 6.01, P = 0.0002) and spontaneous OA (maximum: 1.93 ± 0.45 vs. 3.58 ± 1.16, P = 0.014; summed: 6.14 ± 1.57 vs. 11.50 ± 3.02, P = 0.003). Synovitis was significantly lower in Postn−/− mice than wt only in the DMM model (1.88 ± 1.01 vs. 3.17 ± 0.63; P = 0.039). Postn−/− mice also showed lower trabecular bone parameters such as BV/TV, vBMD, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and high Tb. Sp in both models. Postn−/− mice had negligible levels of serum Postn compared with wt. Immunofluorescent studies of cartilage indicated that Postn−/− mice expressed lower MMP-13 levels than wt mice. RNA-seq revealed that cell-cell-adhesion and cell-differentiation processes were enriched in Postn−/− mice, while those related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair were enriched in wt mice.

Conclusions
Postn deficiency protects against DMM-induced post-traumatic and age-related spontaneous OA. RNA-seq findings warrant further investigations to better understand the mechanistic role of Postn and its potential as a therapeutic target in OA.
Change in dietary inflammatory index score is associated with control of long-term rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in a Japanese cohort: the TOMORROW study
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshinari , Shivappa Nitin , Sugioka Yuko , Tada Masahiro , Okano Tadashi , Mamoto Kenji , Inui Kentaro , Habu Daiki , Hebert James R. , Koike Tatsuya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a quantitative measure of the inflammatory potential of daily food and nutrient intake, and associations between a variety of health outcomes have been reported. However, the association between DII score and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to test whether higher DII score contributes to disease activity and as a corollary, whether reducing DII score helps to achieve or maintain low disease activity or remission in patients with RA.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis using 6 years of data (from 2011 to 2017) in TOMORROW, a cohort study consisting of 208 RA patients and 205 gender- and age-matched controls started in 2010. Disease activity of RA patients was assessed annually using DAS28-ESR (disease activity score 28 joints and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate) as a composite measure based on arthritic symptoms in 28 joints plus global health assessment and ESR. Dietary data were collected in 2011 and 2017 using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII™) score was calculated using 26 nutrients derived from the BDHQ. Data were analyzed with two-group comparisons, correlation analysis, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
One hundred and seventy-seven RA patients and 183 controls, for whom clinical and dietary survey data were available, were analyzed. RA patients had significantly higher E-DII (pro-inflammatory) score compared to controls both in 2011 and 2017 (p < 0.05). In RA patients, E-DII score was not a factor associated with significant change in disease activity. However, anti-inflammatory change in E-DII score was associated maintaining low disease activity (DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2) or less for 6 years (OR 3.46, 95% CI 0.33–8.98, p = 0.011).

Conclusions
The diets of RA patients had a higher inflammatory potential than controls. Although E-DII score was not a factor associated with significant disease activity change, anti-inflammatory change in E-DII score appeared to be associated with maintaining low disease activity in patients with RA.

Trial registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000003876. Registered 7 Aug 2010—retrospectively registered.
Deep learning for detection of radiographic sacroiliitis: achieving expert-level performance
Authors: Bressem Keno K. , Vahldiek Janis L. , Adams Lisa , Niehues Stefan Markus , Haibel Hildrun , Rodriguez Valeria Rios , Torgutalp Murat , Protopopov Mikhail , Proft Fabian , Rademacher Judith , Sieper Joachim , Rudwaleit Martin , Hamm Bernd , Makowski Marcus R. , Hermann Kay-Geert , Poddubnyy Denis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints are commonly used for the diagnosis and classification of axial spondyloarthritis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an artificial neural network for the detection of definite radiographic sacroiliitis as a manifestation of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Conventional radiographs of the sacroiliac joints obtained in two independent studies of patients with axSpA were used. The first cohort comprised 1553 radiographs and was split into training (n = 1324) and validation (n = 229) sets. The second cohort comprised 458 radiographs and was used as an independent test dataset. All radiographs were assessed in a central reading session, and the final decision on the presence or absence of definite radiographic sacroiliitis was used as a reference. The performance of the neural network was evaluated by calculating areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) as well as sensitivity and specificity. Cohen’s kappa and the absolute agreement were used to assess the agreement between the neural network and the human readers.

Results
The neural network achieved an excellent performance in the detection of definite radiographic sacroiliitis with an AUC of 0.97 and 0.94 for the validation and test datasets, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the cut-off weighting both measurements equally were 88% and 95% for the validation and 92% and 81% for the test set. The Cohen’s kappa between the neural network and the reference judgements were 0.79 and 0.72 for the validation and test sets with an absolute agreement of 90% and 88%, respectively.

Conclusion
Deep artificial neural networks enable the accurate detection of definite radiographic sacroiliitis relevant for the diagnosis and classification of axSpA.
A data fusion method in wireless sensor network based on belief structure
Authors: Long Chengfeng , Liu Xingxin , Yang Yakun , Zhang Tao , Tan Siqiao , Fang Kui , Tang Xiaoyong , Yang Gelan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConsidering the issue with respect to the high data redundancy and high cost of information collection in wireless sensor nodes, this paper proposes a data fusion method based on belief structure to reduce attribution in multi-granulation rough set. By introducing belief structure, attribute reduction is carried out for multi-granulation rough sets. From the view of granular computing, this paper studies the evidential characteristics of incomplete multi-granulation ordered information systems. On this basis, the positive region reduction, belief reduction and plausibility reduction are put forward in incomplete multi-granulation ordered information system and analyze the consistency in the same level and transitivity in different levels. The positive region reduction and belief reduction are equivalent, and the positive region reduction and belief reduction are unnecessary and sufficient conditional plausibility reduction in the same level, if the cover structure order of different levels are the same the corresponding equivalent positive region reduction. The algorithm proposed in this paper not only performs three reductions, but also reduces the time complexity largely. The above study fuses the node data which reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and effectively improves the information processing efficiency.
Can Physical Activity Support Grief Outcomes in Individuals Who Have Been Bereaved? A Systematic Review
Authors: Williams Jane , Shorter Gillian W. , Howlett Neil , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia , Chater Angel M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2018, there were 616,014 registered deaths in the United Kingdom (UK). Grief is a natural consequence. Many mental health concerns, which can be identified as grief outcomes (e.g. anxiety and depression) in those who have experienced a bereavement, can be improved through physical activity. The objective of this review was to identify from the existing literature if physical activity can benefit grief outcomes in individuals who have been bereaved.

Methods
A systematic review of nine databases was performed. Included studies (qualitative and quantitative) explored physical activity to help individuals (of any age) who had experienced a human bereavement (excluding national loss).

Results
From 1299 studies screened, 25 met the inclusion criteria, detailing eight types of bereavement (parental (n = 5), spousal (n = 6), patient (n = 4), pre-natal (n = 3), later life (n = 1), caregiver (n = 1), multiple (n = 4) and non-defined (n = 1). Activities including yoga, running, walking and martial arts were noted as beneficial. Physical activity allowed a sense of freedom, to express emotions, provided a distraction and an escape from grief, whilst enhancing social support.

Conclusion
There is some evidence that physical activity may provide benefit for the physical health and psychological wellbeing of those who have been bereaved, including when the loss has happened at a young age. This review is timely, given the wide-scale national loss of life due to COVID-19 and extends knowledge in this area. More research is needed to explore the benefits of physical activity for those who have been bereaved. In particular, there is a need for well-designed interventions which are tailored to specific activities, populations and grief outcomes.
Nanomedicine perspective in HIV therapy: biosynthesized gold nanoparticles exhibiting enhanced anti-HIV property
Authors: Priya M. R. Kamala , Ashokkumar Manickam , Precilla Lucia K. , Hanna Luke Elizabeth , Iyer Priya R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, HIV/AIDS is a major public health issue. Currently, available antiretroviral therapy (ART) has a number of impediments. The need for long-term usage of antiretroviral drugs is associated with the problem of drug resistance, high cost, and other side effects. Hence, there is a constant urge for the development of novel drugs to combat the disease. The synthesis of nanoparticles is of great interest because of their reported application in diverse fields. In contrast to chemical synthesis, green synthesis is inexpensive and enviro-safe.

Results
Calophyllum inophyllum (CI) is a plant that is known to possess anti-HIV activity. Hence, this plant was exploited for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the present study. Two parts of the plant, namely, the fruit and leaves (CIF and CIL) were used for the synthesis of nanocompounds. The two nanocompounds were tested on HIV-1 isolates at different concentrations and the EC50 values were determined. While CIF-AuNP demonstrated very good anti-HIV activity with an EC50 value of 0.09097 ng/ml, CIL-AuNPs did not show significant anti-HIV activity.

Conclusions
The present study is a novel attempt to produce nanocompounds that incorporate the medicinal properties of certain plants that are known to have anti-HIV activity within nanoparticles, such that the compound possesses the attributes of a nanomaterial alongside the phytoactivity. Our results provide evidence to suggest that the CIF-AuNP can be further explored for in vivo activity. In vitro cytotoxicity of the AuNPs was checked in VERO cell lines using the MTT assay. Cytotoxicity was observed to be minimal at all the tested concentrations.
Validation of a Mortality Composite Score in the Real-World Setting: Overcoming Source-Specific Disparities and Biases
Authors: Lerman Michelle H. , Holmes Benjamin , St Hilaire Daniel , Tran Mary , Rioth Matthew , Subramanian Vinod , Winzeler Alissa M. , Brown Thomas 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE This study tested whether a composite mortality score could overcome gaps and potential biases in individual real-world mortality data sources. Complete and accurate mortality data are necessary to calculate important outcomes in oncology, including overall survival. However, in the United States, there is not a single complete and broadly applicable mortality data source. It is further likely that available data sources are biased in their coverage of sex, race, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Six individual real-world data sources were combined to develop a high-quality composite mortality score. The composite score was benchmarked against the gold standard for mortality data, the National Death Index. Subgroup analyses were then conducted to evaluate the completeness and accuracy by sex, race, age, and SES. RESULTS The composite mortality score achieved a sensitivity of 94.9% and specificity of 92.8% compared with the National Death Index, with concordance within 1 day of 98.6%. Although some individual data sources show significant coverage gaps related to sex, race, age, and SES, the composite score maintains high sensitivity (84.6%-96.1%) and specificity (77.9%-99.2%) across subgroups. CONCLUSION A composite score leveraging multiple scalable sources for mortality in the real-world setting maintained strong sensitivity, specificity, and concordance, including across sex, race, age, and SES subgroups.
Understanding Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lai Lillian Y. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Oerline Mary K. , Kaufman Samuel R. , Skolarus Ted A. , Caram Megan E. V. , Hollenbeck Brent K. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: To assess how active surveillance for prostate cancer is apportioned across specialties and how testing patterns and transition to treatment vary by specialty. METHODS: We used a 20% national sample of Medicare claims to identify men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2010 through 2016 initiating surveillance (N = 13,048). Patients were assigned to the physician responsible for the bulk of surveillance care based on billing patterns. Freedom from treatment was assessed by specialty of the responsible physician (urology, radiation oncology, medical oncology, and primary care). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between specialty and treatment patterns. RESULTS: Urologists were responsible for surveillance in 93.7% of patients in 2010 and 96.2% of patients in 2016 ( P for trend = .01). Testing patterns varied by specialty. For example, patients of medical oncologists had more frequent prostate-specific antigen testing compared with patients of urologists (1.85 v 2.39 tests per year, respectively; P < .01). Three years after diagnosis, a significantly smaller proportion of patients managed by radiation oncologists (64.3%) remained on surveillance compared with patients managed by other physicians (75.8%-79.5%; P < .01). Although radiation was the most common treatment among all men who transitioned to treatment, a disproportionate percentage of patients followed by radiation oncologists (28.9%) ultimately underwent radiation compared with patients followed by other physicians (15.1%-15.4%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: Nontrivial percentages of patients on active surveillance are managed by physicians outside of urology. Given the interspecialty variations observed, efforts to strengthen the evidence underlying surveillance pathways and to engage other specialties in guideline development are needed.
Non-equilibrium Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in driven-dissipative condensates
(a)
Authors: Comaron P. , Carusotto I. , Szymańska M. H. , Proukakis N. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the two-dimensional phase transition of a driven-dissipative system of exciton-polaritons under non-resonant pumping. Stochastic calculations are used to investigate the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless–like phase diagram for experimentally realistic parameters, with a special attention to the non-equilibrium features.
Electron-ion inverse bremsstrahlung absorption in magnetized fusion plasma
Authors: Oussama Boultif , Abdenasser Ghezal , Sid Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) is an approach for thermonuclear fusion. It consists in applying a strong magnetic field to the inertial-fusion plasma, with the role of the magnetic field being to limit the diffusion of the formed plasma during the impact of an intense laser pulse with a target containing the thermonuclear fuel, as well as the confinement alpha particles produced by the fusion reaction. This allows the reduction of energy loss and improves compression conditions. In this paper we are interested in the study of the electron-ion inverse bremsstrahlung absorption (IBA) of the laser energy in magnetized plasma in the MIF frame. In addition, we apply the derived formula to calculate the absorption in magnetic fusion plasma heated by microwave. We use the Fokker-Planck-Maxwell theory to calculate the IBA explicitly in magnetized plasma. Scaling laws for IBA in MIF plasma and for magnetic confinement plasma are established. The numerical treatment of the model equations shows the influence of the magnetic field and the polarization of the wave on the absorption.