bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El rol de los medios de comunicación como iniciadores de una controversia socio-científica: el caso de la crotoxina en Argentina
Authors: Pellegrini Pablo Ariel , Fonseca Matera Emilio Nahuel 
Published: June 2021

Los estudios sociales de la ciencia han prestado particular atención a las controversias científicas; pero no necesariamente en relación con el rol de los medios de comunicación, el cual, con frecuencia, es analizado como una cuestión de comunicación pública de la ciencia. En este trabajo, sin embargo, se vinculan ambas dimensiones, analizando el rol de los medios masivos de comunicación en el debate que giró en torno a la crotoxina como posible cura contra el cáncer, debate que ocupó el centro de la arena pública a mediados de 1986, en Argentina. El caso se reconstruyó a partir del análisis de los periódicos y programas televisivos de la época, a través de entrevistas a los actores centrales involucrados en el conflicto y mediante fuentes secundarias. Al analizar cómo llega una determinada situación del ámbito científico a dominar la escena pública, este trabajo busca contribuir a la comprensión de un fenómeno de creciente relevancia en las sociedades actuales: de qué manera los medios masivos de comunicación inciden en las controversias vinculadas a la ciencia, al instalar en la agenda pública una determinada forma de entender un tema científico.
Association between obesity and risk of fracture, bone mineral density and bone quality in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Turcotte Anne-Frédérique , O’Connor Sarah , Morin Suzanne N. , Gibbs Jenna C. , Willie Bettina M. , Jean Sonia , Gagnon Claudia 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe association between obesity and fracture risk may be skeletal site- and sex-specific but results among studies are inconsistent. Whilst several studies reported higher bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with obesity, altered bone quality could be a major determinant of bone fragility in this population.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare, in men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with obesity vs. individuals without obesity: 1) the incidence of fractures overall and by site; 2) BMD; and 3) bone quality parameters (circulating bone turnover markers and bone microarchitecture and strength by advanced imaging techniques).Data sourcesPubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from inception of databases until the 13thof January 2021.Data synthesisEach outcome was stratified by sex and menopausal status in women. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model with inverse-variance method. The risks of hip and wrist fracture were reduced by 25% (n = 8: RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.91, P = 0.003, I2= 95%) and 15% (n = 2 studies: RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.88), respectively, while ankle fracture risk was increased by 60% (n = 2 studies: RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.68) in postmenopausal women with obesity compared with those without obesity. In men with obesity, hip fracture risk was decreased by 41% (n = 5 studies: RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.79). Obesity was associated with increased BMD, better bone microarchitecture and strength, and generally lower or unchanged circulating bone resorption, formation and osteocyte markers. However, heterogeneity among studies was high for most outcomes, and overall quality of evidence was very low to low for all outcomes.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis highlights areas for future research including the need for site-specific fracture studies, especially in men and premenopausal women, and studies comparing bone microarchitecture between individuals with and without obesity.Systematic review registration numberCRD42020159189
In-vitro model for bacterial growth inhibition of compartmentalized infection treated by an ultra-high concentration of antibiotics
Authors: Topaz Moris , Athamna Abed , Ashkenazi Itamar , Shpitz Baruch , Freimann Sarit 
Published: June 2021

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are common pathogens encountered in infected cardiovascular-implantable electronic device (CIED). Continuous, in-situ targeted, ultra-high concentration antibiotic (CITA) treatment is a novel antibiotic treatment approach for localized infections. CITA provides sufficient local antibiotic concentrations to heavily infected cavities while avoiding systemic toxicity.

Aim
In-vitro confirmation of the efficacy of the CITA treatment approach in simulated compartmentalized infections.

Materials and methods
A rapid automated bacterial culture analyzing system) Uro4 HB&L™ (was applied to compare the efficacy of selected antibiotics at a standard minimal inhibitory concentration (1MIC), 4MIC, and CITA at 103MIC, for growth inhibition of high bacterial loads (106 colony-forming-units/ml) of ATCC strains of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus.

Results
The addition of gentamicin and amikacin at 1MIC concentrations only temporarily inhibited the exponential growth of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. 4MIC level extended the delay of exponential bacterial growth. Increasing concentrations of vancomycin similarly temporarily delayed S. aureus growth. All tested antibiotics at CITA of 103MIC totally inhibited the exponential growth of the tested bacteria through 72 hours of exposure. (P<0.001).

Conclusion
In this in-vitro model, CITA at 103MIC effectively inhibited exponential bacterial growth of high loads of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. This model offers preliminary laboratory support for the benefit of the in-situ antibiotic treatment, providing ultra-high concentrations directly at the compartmentalized infection site, not achievable by the conventional intravenous and oral routes.
miR-361-5p as a promising qRT-PCR internal control for tumor and normal breast tissues
Authors: Ghanbari Sogol , Salimi Adel , Rahmani Saeid , Nafissi Nahid , Sharifi-Zarchi Ali , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: June 2021

Background
One of the most widely used evaluation methods in miRNA experiments is qRT-PCR. However, selecting suitable internal controls (IC) is crucial for qRT-PCR experiments. Currently, there is no consensus on the ICs for miRNA qRT-PCR experiments in breast cancer. To this end, we tried to identify the most stable (the least expression alteration) and promising miRNAs in normal and tumor breast tissues by employing TCGA miRNA-Seq data and then experimentally validated them on fresh clinical samples.

Methods
A multi-component scoring system was used which takes into account multiple expression stability criteria as well as correlation with clinical characteristics. Furthermore, we extended the scoring system for more than two biological sub-groups. TCGA BRCA samples were analyzed based on two grouping criteria: Tumor & Normal samples and Tumor subtypes. The top 10 most stable miRNAs were further investigated by differential expression and survival analysis. Then, we examined the expression level of the top scored miRNA (hsa-miR-361-5p) along with two commonly used ICs hsa-miR-16-5p and U48 on 34 pairs of Primary breast tumor and their adjacent normal tissues using qRT-PCR.

Results
According to our multi-component scoring system, hsa-miR-361-5p had the highest stability score in both grouping criteria and hsa-miR-16-5p showed significantly lower scores. Based on our qRT-PCR assay, while U48 was the most abundant IC, hsa-miR-361-5p had lower standard deviation and also was the only IC capable of detecting a significant up-regulation of hsa-miR-21-5p in breast tumor tissue.

Conclusions
miRNA-Seq data is a great source to discover stable ICs. Our results demonstrated that hsa-miR-361-5p is a highly stable miRNA in tumor and non-tumor breast tissue and we recommend it as a suitable reference gene for miRNA expression studies in breast cancer. Additionally, although hsa-miR-16-5p is a commonly used IC, it’s not a suitable one for breast cancer studies.
Divestasi Saham PT. Freeport Indonesia Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 1 Tahun 2017
Authors: Hanafi Mochammad , Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini mengambil sisi fokus pada kewajiban divestasi saham PT. Freeport Indonesia setelah diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 1 Tahun 2017. Sebelumnya, PT. Freeport Indonesia beroperasi di Indonesia berdasarkan Kontrak Karya. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan historis. Adapun sumber data yang digunakan yaitu, bahan hukum premier, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum non-hukum. Peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data secara library research (studi kepustakaan) dan menganalisis data secara deduktif dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akibat hukum setelah dikeluarkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 yaitu Kontrak Karya harus melakukan penyesuaian terhadap undang-undang baru yang telah disahkan. Selain itu, posisi pemerintah tidak lagi sejajar dengan pelaku usaha dalam hal ini PT. Freeport Indonesia dan mengembalikan asas Hak Penguasaan Negara (HPN) pada posisi sejajar secara ketatanegaraan. Butir-butir kesepakatan amandemen kontrak karya berdasarkan Memorandum of Understanding (Mou) kedua belah pihak terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 diantaranya adalah divestasi saham PT. Freeport Indonesia sebesar 51% kepada pemerintah Indonesia.
Rekonstruksi Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepemilikan Tanah Yang Bersertifikat Ganda Berbasis Keadilan; Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor: 54/G/2016/PTUN-SRG
Authors: Alghifari Naufal Akbar , Tamrin Abu , Makmur Syafrudin 
Published: June 2021

Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rekontruksi penyelesaian sengketa kepemilikan tanah yang bersertifikat ganda sesuia dengan study kasus putusan pengadilan tata usaha Negara serang yang bernomor : 54/G/ 2016 / PTUNSRG. Secara khusus skripsi ini mencoba membahas latar belakang, pertimbangan hukum yang ada dalam putusan. Disamping itu, skripsi ini juga membahas yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh setiap pihak yang bersengketa untuk mengakses keadilan yang lebih tepat dan cepat. Penelitian dalam jurnal ini mennggunakan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) , Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi pustaka. Melalui studi pustaka peneliti mengumpulkan dokumen dan data untuk diolah menggunakan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang – undang dan hasil putusan yang mengatur untuk menyelesaikan sengketa kepemilikan tanah yang bersertifikat ganda dengan mengedepankan asas keadilan belum memberikan kepastian hukum yang baik. Terbukti dengan adanya beberapa pasal dalam UU Agraria dan aturan dalam internal BPN yang masih menimbulkan pertanyaan soal penyelesaian sertifikat ganda di masa mendatang.
La transferencia y cesión internacional de los derechos de los futbolistas profesionales y la exclusión de los terceros
Authors: Cadena Afanador Walter René , Torres Espíndola Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la naturaleza jurídica y los riesgos que existen en las transferencias de los derechos de los jugadores de fútbol profesional en el ámbito internacional, así como las implicaciones de las recientes modificaciones normativas de la FIFA respecto a los clubes deportivos, los futbolistas y los terceros. Para ello, nosotros usamos un método analítico, propio de la investigación dogmática, normativa, documental, cualitativa, desde el derecho del deporte y el derecho comercial. Como resultados, se verifica que el fútbol profesional hace parte de la industria de los deportes y el entretenimiento, caracterizado por tener modelos contractuales atípicos, una estructura organizacional federativa, que se regula mediante un ordenamiento jurídico especial en el que se privilegia la normativa no estatal y que tiene un ritmo de crecimiento financiero superlativo, el cual ha configurado un campo mercantil sui generis que demanda juristas especializados en la materia. Debido a la profesionalización de los actores que intervienen, existe una regulación integrada por normas de orden público y privado, donde se destaca la normativa aprobada por la Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociado. Se concluye que la exclusión normativa de los terceros en las transferencias y cesiones de los jugadores internacionales, así como la prohibición de figuras como el Third Party Ownership, plantean un cambio sensible en el modelo negocial y contractual en el negocio del fútbol, del que no quedan excluidos los propios jugadores, y que conlleva implicaciones respecto al financiamiento y el papel de los inversionistas en los clubes deportivos, así como de la significación de los derechos económicos de los jugadores.
Derecho de petición de atención prioritaria como mecanismo de protección de derechos fundamentales en Bucaramanga
Authors: Bravo Vesga Carolina , Contreras Rodríguez Nydian Yaneth , Suárez Ortega Camilo Fernando , Pabón Ortega María Fernanda 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo, exponer la manera en la que los derechos fundamentales de las personas del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga se ven protegidos a través del mecanismo jurídico denominado «derecho de petición de atención prioritaria», con el fin de identificar su eficacia. Para ello, se utilizó como base de análisis los casos presentados en el Consultorio Jurídico de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga, durante el periodo comprendido entre el segundo semestre de 2018 y primer semestre de 2019. En el desarrollo de este trabajo se aplicó un método investigativo de tipo cuantitativo, el cual se vio materializado en el análisis de los diferentes documentos presentados durante el desarrollo de casos en el Consultorio Jurídico de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga. En ese sentido, se realizó un estudio de derechos de petición con atención prioritaria y las acciones de tutela, en los casos en que fue necesario acudir ante la jurisdicción para la protección de los derechos fundamentales del usuario de Consultorio Jurídico. Lo anterior, con el fin de establecer la eficacia del mecanismo sujeto a estudio. Como se evidenció en los resultados, al derecho de atención prioritaria no se le está dando el tratamiento jurídico especial consagrado en la ley, tanto por las entidades públicas como las privadas. Como conclusiones, observamos que, la figura es usada en su mayoría para la protección del derecho a la salud y aun haciendo uso de este derecho de petición las entidades no responden en los términos legales.
DUYGU ANALİZİ VE FİKİR MADENCİLİĞİ UYGULAMALARI ÜZERİNE LİTERATÜR TARAMASI
Authors: EKİM Hatice Elif , İNNER A. Burak 
Published: June 2021

Duygu analizi ve fikir madenciliği, kişilerin, bir konu, grup, ürün, marka veya durum ile ilgili görüşlerini belirttiği metinleri, doğal dil işleme, yapay zeka veya istatistik alanlarından uygulamalar yardımıyla analiz ederek anlamlandırma çalışmalarıdır. Son yıllarda, sosyal medya ve kullanıcıların fikir paylaştığı diğer platformların kullanımının artmasıyla saatte terabaytlar seviyesine ulaşan veri miktarı, duygu analizi ve fikir madenciliği konularına verilen önemi artırmıştır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında, duygu analizinde makine öğrenimi yaklaşımları, sözlük tabanlı yaklaşımlar ve hibrit yaklaşım üzerine güncel makaleler incelenerek, makaleler ile ilgili literatür çalışması araştırmacılara sunulmuştur. İncelenen makalelerden, makalenin yayınlanma tarihi, araştırma problemi, yaklaşım, önişleme ve öznitelik seçme metotları, sınıflandırma algoritması, model başarı ölçütü, başarı oranı en yüksek algoritma ve başarı oranı, veri kaynağı bilgilerinin yer aldığı bir tablo oluşturulmuştur. Makine öğrenimi tabanlı yöntemlerin sıklıkla tercih edilmesi ve çalışma sayısının diğer yöntemlerden fazla olması sebebiyle, denetimli, denetimsiz, yarı denetimli ve derin öğrenme başlıkları altında ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, incelenen makaleler ışığında genel bir değerlendirme ile sonuç çıkarılarak çalışma tamamlanmıştır.
Muz Kabuğu Ekstraktının Pamuk ve Pamuk-Poliester Karışımlı Kumaşlarda Güç Tutuşurluğa Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KORUYUCU Aslıhan , BALABAN Fehmi Çağlar 
Published: June 2021

Pamuk ve poliester günümüzde en çok kullanılan konvansiyonel lifler olarak tekstil endüstrisinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Bu elyafların güç tutuşurluk terbiye işlemlerinde kullanılan kimyasallara alternatif olarak çevre atık yükü düşük ve sürdürülebilir doğal malzemelerinin elde edilmesi çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu noktada doğal materyallerden birisi olan muz kabuklarının, yapılarındaki potasyum, magnezyum ve kalsiyum mineralleri dolayısıyla tekstil materyali üzerinde bir alev almaya karşı kalkan görevi görebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Çalışmada, ilk olarak muz kabuğunun yapısından ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle büyük boyutlu ve yabancı maddeler uzaklaştırılmıştır. Bitkisel atık ekstratları ilk olarak yakma, haşıl sökme, merserize ve kasar ön terbiye işlemleri ile aynı gramaj ve konstrüksiyona sahip %100 pamuklu kumaşlara emdirme ve kaplama yöntemlerine göre uygulanmıştır. İkinci olarak ise; yakma, soğuk kasar ön terbiye işlemlerinden geçirilen %50 pamuk-%50 poliester karışımlı dokuma kumaşlar üzerine aynı aplikasyon yöntemleriyle uygulanmıştır. Muz kabuğu atık ekstratlarının pamuk ve pamuk-poliester karışımlı kumaşların yapısındaki dağılımını incelemek için SEM görüntüleri alınmıştır. Pamuk ve pamuk/poliester karışımı kumaşlarda emdirme ve kaplama sonrası muz kabuğu atık ekstraktlarının sıcaklık-zaman fonksiyonuna bağlı kütle kayıpları TGA analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Muz kabuğu ekstraktı ve ticari güç tutuşurluk kimyasallarıyla emdirme ve kaplama işlemine tabi tutulan %100 pamuklu ve %50 Pamuk-%50 PES karışımlı kumaşların alev alması için ortamda bulunması gereken oksijen miktarının belirlenmesi için LOI analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Phased Array Analysis Incorporating the Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Langston Charles A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Nonlinear block thresholding of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of 2D phased array signals offers high time-resolution solutions for analyzing seismograms of local and regional seismic events. An initial denoising step on an array ensemble reveals the regions of the scale-time plane that contain high signal-to-noise arrivals. Individual seismic phase arrivals in ensemble, denoised seismograms can be partitioned using scale-time gating in which CWT wave packets of an individual seismic phase on the scale-time plane for a reference array element are time-correlated with all other elements to find an optimum time shift for the phase across all elements. The seismic phase is then clipped out of the CWT of each array element using this optimal time shift for further analysis. The seismogram can be separated into component seismic waves for a detailed view of wave characteristics such as slowness and arrival azimuth using conventional frequency–wavenumber methods. However, the process can be taken further using the CWT of each phase to construct high time-resolution signal beams over the CWT scale. Local explosion data from the 2016 Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Wavefields Community Experiment in northern Oklahoma are used to demonstrate these techniques in separating surface-wave modes and body waves and to examine the scattering of regional phases. High-resolution CWT processing in the 1–3 Hz band for northern Oklahoma reveals horizontal Rayleigh-wave refraction and multipathing. Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity dispersion measurements are used to construct a 1D velocity model under the IRIS experiment. Scale-time gating helps expose near-source surface reflections from a local M 3.6 earthquake that are used to verify the 4 km source depth obtained from a published regional moment tensor solution.
ENDURANCE OF THE SUBALTERN: A STUDY OF A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS BY KHALID HOSSEINI
Authors: Yasin Ghulam , Waqar Sajid , Javed Noveen , Naeem Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The present research aims to explore the oppressed and marginalized Afghan women who are made subaltern socially and religiously. It further reveals the ability of women to endure the violence and to create the vision of women empowerment through their suppressed bodies.
Methodology: The primary data of research relies upon the text of A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khalid Hosseini (2007). Further, it has also been collected from secondary sources like articles and reviews mentioned in the reference list. The selected text is analyzed under the theoretical framework of the theory of subaltern by Spivak (1988), utilizing the content analysis.
Main findings: The study dismantles the struggles of marginalized women for their survival and to free them from the suffocating chains of repression and violence. Nana, Mariam, and Laila being the subaltern know the word ‘Endurance’ while living in dilapidated social conditions. They show the degree of resistance and then also unite to stand against societal prominence. Mariam- the harami, sacrifices her life for Laila and Laila becomes the voice of her coming generation who can challenge the subaltern attitude and will speak loudly.
Application of this study: Utilizing the theory of subaltern by Spivak, this research answers the question “Can the subaltern speak?” as ‘Yes’. It brings a message if the subaltern group combines and stands against the unjust norms, they will no more remain a subaltern and will be applicable for academicians and researchers as well.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is distinctive because it explores the literature that portrays the stories of almost every home and corner of the world. Despite passing phases of woman's rights, the female gender is still being suppressed. It also unveils how gender inequality, poor and gender-biased educational systems, the justice system, and constrained or child marriages are being practised.
MAPEAMENTO DE GRUPOS COLABORATIVOS QUE ESTUDAM MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EXPRESSAS EM TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES
Authors: Bassani Luiz Ademir 
Published: June 2021

Este artigo versa sobre a formação de professores em grupos colaborativos, como paradigma de desenvolvimento profissional. É um estudo qualitativo e teve objetivo de realizar mapeamento de teses e dissertações que pesquisaram grupos colaborativos que estudam o ensino de matemática, a formação do professor que ensina matemática no Ensino Fundamental. Apresento considerações e conceitos de grupos colaborativos e sobre a busca das teses e dissertações. A análise dos documentos selecionados foi realizada a partir das considerações de Franco (2005). Considero que há potencial de desenvolvimento profissional docente, e trazemos considerações a respeito de funcionamento dos grupos.