bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burn Admissions at a Major Metropolitan Burn Center
Authors: Codner Jesse A , De Ayala Rafael , Gayed Rita M , Lamphier Carey K , Mittal Rohit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on admission patterns and outcomes at a burn center is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the epidemiology of burn admissions at a major metropolitan burn center. This retrospective cohort study examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected burn volumes and time to presentation. All burn admissions were included from January 20 to August 31 for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic group included admissions from January 20, 2020 to August 31, 2020 and was compared to the nonpandemic group comprised of admissions from January 20 to August 31 in 2018 and 2019. Subgroup analysis was performed according to meaningful dates during the COVID-19 pandemic including the first U.S. COVID-19 case, shelter-in-place, and state reopening orders. Admission volumes were 403 patients in the COVID-19 pandemic group compared to a mean of 429 patients in the nonpandemic group, which correlated to a 5.8% decrease in volume during the pandemic. The pandemic group showed an increase in time to presentation of 1 day (P &lt; .0001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated stable admission volumes and an increase in time to presentation of 1 day (P &lt; .0001) at each time point. During shelter-in-place orders, there were higher rates of second/third-degree burns and operative burns (94.7 vs 56.3% and 45.6 vs 27%, P &lt; .0001, P = .013). During the pandemic, there were stable admission volumes, delayed time to admission, and an increase in operative burns during shelter-in-place orders. This reinforces the need to maintain appropriate burn center staffing and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Following Social Media Influencers in Early Adolescence: Fear of Missing Out, Social Well-Being and Supportive Communication with Parents
Authors: Schmuck Desirée 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Social media influencers who use video blogging, so-called “vloggers,” are highly popular among adolescents. Receiving video updates on a constant basis may not only serve adolescents’ informational or entertainment needs, but also fuel their fear of missing out (FoMO), which can lower their social well-being in the long term. Supportive communication with parents about digital media use might be an important resource in preventing these negative outcomes. This study used a national quota-based two-wave panel survey of early adolescents between 10 and 14 years (NT2 = 384) to investigate the influence of adolescents’ perceived quality of communication with their parents on the relation between following vloggers, FoMO, and social well-being. Findings of an autoregressive panel model revealed that supportive communication with parents decreased early adolescents’ FoMO directly and prevented them from experiencing FoMO in response to following vloggers. Higher levels of FoMO in turn resulted in lower social well-being over time.
Comparison of Diet Preferences of Laboratory-Reared and Apartment-Collected German Cockroaches
Authors: McPherson Samantha , Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Hatano Eduardo , Silverman Jules , Schal Coby 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), is a common pest of human-built structures worldwide. German cockroaches are generalist omnivores able to survive on a wide variety of foods. A number of studies have concluded that laboratory-reared B. germanica self-select diets with an approximate 1P:3C (protein-to-carbohydrate) ratio. We predicted that field-collected insects would exhibit more variable dietary preferences, related to the wide-ranging quality, quantity, and patchiness of foods available to them. We compared diet self-selection of B. germanica within apartments and in the laboratory by offering them a choice of two complementary diets with 1P:1C and 1P:11C ratios. We observed high variation in the population-level self-selection of these diets among individual apartment sites as well as among various life stages tested in laboratory-based assays. Significant differences between populations in various apartments as well as between populations maintained in the laboratory suggested that factors beyond temporary food scarcity influence diet choice. Nevertheless, we found significant correlations between the amounts of diets ingested by cockroaches in apartments and cockroaches from the same populations assayed in the laboratory, as well as between males, females, and nymphs from these populations. These findings suggest that females, males, and nymphs within apartments adapt to the local conditions and convergently prefer similar amounts of food of similar dietary protein content.
Draftde novoGenome Assembly of the Elusive Jaguarundi,Puma yagouaroundi
Authors: Tamazian Gaik , Dobrynin Pavel , Zhuk Anna , Zhernakova Daria V , Perelman Polina L , Serdyukova Natalia A , Graphodatsky Alexander S , Komissarov Aleksey , Kliver Sergei , Cherkasov Nikolay , Scott Alan F , Mohr David W , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , O’Brien Stephen J , Krasheninnikova Ksenia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Puma lineage within the family Felidae consists of 3 species that last shared a common ancestor around 4.9 million years ago. Whole-genome sequences of 2 species from the lineage were previously reported: the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the mountain lion (Puma concolor). The present report describes a whole-genome assembly of the remaining species, the jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi). We sequenced the genome of a male jaguarundi with 10X Genomics linked reads and assembled the whole-genome sequence. The assembled genome contains a series of scaffolds that reach the length of chromosome arms and is similar in scaffold contiguity to the genome assemblies of cheetah and puma, with a contig N50 = 100.2 kbp and a scaffold N50 = 49.27 Mbp. We assessed the assembled sequence of the jaguarundi genome using BUSCO, aligned reads of the sequenced individual and another published female jaguarundi to the assembled genome, annotated protein-coding genes, repeats, genomic variants and their effects with respect to the protein-coding genes, and analyzed differences of the 2 jaguarundis from the reference mitochondrial genome. The jaguarundi genome assembly and its annotation were compared in quality, variants, and features to the previously reported genome assemblies of puma and cheetah. Computational analyzes used in the study were implemented in transparent and reproducible way to allow their further reuse and modification.
The septin complex links the catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton for establishing epithelial cell polarity
Authors: Wang Xueying , Wang Wenwen , Wang Xiwei , Wang Ming , Zhu Lijuan , Garba Fatima , Fu Chuanhai , Zieger Barbara , Liu Xu , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for spatially regulating of physiological processes in metazoans by which hormonal stimulation‒secretion coupling is precisely coupled for tissue homeostasis and organ communications. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial cell polarity establishment remain elusive. Here, we show that septin cytoskeleton interacts with catenin complex to organize a functional domain to separate apical from basal membranes in polarized epithelial cells. Using polarized epithelial cell monolayer as a model system with transepithelial electrical resistance as functional readout, our studies show that septins are essential for epithelial cell polarization. Our proteomic analyses discovered a novel septin‒catenin complex during epithelial cell polarization. The functional relevance of septin‒catenin complex was then examined in three-dimensional (3D) culture in which suppression of septins resulted in deformation of apical lumen in cysts, a hallmark seen in polarity-deficient 3D cultures and animals. Mechanistically, septin cytoskeleton stabilizes the association of adherens catenin complex with actin cytoskeleton, and depletion or disruption of septin cytoskeleton liberates adherens junction and polarity complexes into the cytoplasm. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for septin cytoskeleton in the polarization of the apical‒basal axis and lumen formation in polarized epithelial cells.
Differences in floral traits and flower visitation rates in mating systems inPrunella vulgaris(Lamiaceae)
Authors: Ling Tial C , Wang Lin-Lin , Yang Yong-Ping , Duan Yuan-Wen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFloral traits and the number of visitors are expected to change with different mating systems. We tested this hypothesis by comparing flowers of Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae) with inserted and exserted styles across a strongly exserted style biased, an exserted style biased, and a strongly inserted style biased subalpine population. We examined flowering phenology, floral morphology, flower visitation rate, capacity for autonomous self-pollination and visitor contribution to seed production for each style type and in each population. We also examined inbreeding depression (ID) by comparing the relative performance of progeny from self- and cross-pollination. Exserted style plants had larger and more open flowers, increased pollen production, higher amounts of nectar rewards and higher visitation and outcrossing rates than inserted style plants. Similarly on the population level, the visitation rates were higher in the exserted style-biased populations than in the inserted style-biased population. Inserted style plants provided a stronger reproductive assurance (RA) through autonomous selfing than exserted style plants. RA and outcrossing rates did not differ among populations, showing low visitation rates may be sufficient for adequate seed production in P. vulgaris. Although inserted style plants had a lower ID level than exserted style plants, the ID of both was less than 0.5, suggesting that an ID should not counteract the evolution of selfing in this species. Inserted style plants provide RA through autonomous selfing, and exserted style plants ensure outcrossing through pollinator services, supporting a stable mixed mating system in this subalpine plant.
Bridging the intracranial pressure gap: a smooth transition strategy for slit ventricle syndrome
Authors: Yoon Sang-Youl , Kim Seung-Ki , Phi Ji Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) is a well-known complication of long-standing shunts. Patients develop intermittent severe headache, vomiting with other symptoms of increased intra-cranial pressure. Brain computed tomography (CT) usually reveals slit-like ventricles with nearly obstructed proximal catheters. Treatment for SVS usually involves upgrading the shunt valve pressure setting. Currently, many patients carry programmable shunts and pressure setting can be adjusted noninvasively. However, when the programmable valve pressure setting is upgraded, some patients with SVS experience worsened symptoms. This is caused by the time gap between ICP increase and real ventricular expansion (and freeing proximal catheter) after shunt upgrading. Therefore, it is important to control a patient’s symptoms during the transition period. We report our experience in controlling ICP in a patient with SVS using external ventricular drainage.
EVI1 activates tumor-promoting transcriptional enhancers in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kim Hwa-Ryeon , Yim Juhye , Yoo Hye-Been , Lee Seung Eon , Oh Sumin , Jung Sungju , Hwang Chang-il , Shin Dong-Myung , Kim TaeSoo , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Kim You-Sun , Lee Han-Woong , Roe Jae-Seok 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cancer cells utilize epigenetic alterations to acquire autonomous capabilities for tumor maintenance. Here, we show that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells utilize super-enhancers (SEs) to activate the transcription factor EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site 1) gene, resulting in activation of an EVI1-dependent transcription program conferring PDA tumorigenesis. Our data indicate that SE is the vital cis-acting element to maintain aberrant EVI1 transcription in PDA cells. Consistent with disease progression and inferior survival outcomes of PDA patients, we further show that EVI1 upregulation is a major cause of aggressive tumor phenotypes. Specifically, EVI1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and motility in vitro and enhances tumor propagation in vivo. Mechanistically, EVI1-dependent activation of tumor-promoting gene expression programs through the stepwise configuration of the active enhancer chromatin attributes to these phenotypes. In sum, our findings support the premise that EVI1 is a crucial driver of oncogenic transcription programs in PDA cells. Further, we emphasize the instructive role of epigenetic aberrancy in establishing PDA tumorigenesis.
Spike-in normalization for single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic global transcriptional activity mediating anticancer drug response
Authors: Wang Xin , Frederick Jane , Wang Hongbin , Hui Sheng , Backman Vadim , Ji Zhe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells promotes intercellular heterogeneity in response to anticancer drugs and facilitates the generation of subpopulation surviving cells. Characterizing single-cell transcriptional heterogeneity after drug treatments can provide mechanistic insights into drug efficacy. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to examine transcriptomic profiles of cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, celecoxib and the combination of the two drugs. By normalizing the expression of endogenous genes to spike-in molecules, we found that cellular mRNA abundance shows dynamic regulation after drug treatment. Using a random forest model, we identified gene signatures classifying single cells into three states: transcriptional repression, amplification and control-like. Treatment with paclitaxel or celecoxib alone generally repressed gene transcription across single cells. Interestingly, the drug combination resulted in transcriptional amplification and hyperactivation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway linking to enhanced cell killing efficiency. Finally, we identified a regulatory module enriched with metabolism and inflammation-related genes activated in a subpopulation of paclitaxel-treated cells, the expression of which predicted paclitaxel efficacy across cancer cell lines and in vivo patient samples. Our study highlights the dynamic global transcriptional activity driving single-cell heterogeneity during drug response and emphasizes the importance of adding spike-in molecules to study gene expression regulation using single-cell RNA-seq.
Urinary Dickkopf-3: a new biomarker for CKD progression and mortality
Authors: Sánchez-Álamo Beatriz , García-Iñigo Francisco José , Shabaka Amir , Acedo Juan Manuel , Cases-Corona Clara , Domínguez-Torres Patricia , Diaz-Enamorado Yunayka , Landaluce Eugenia , Navarro-González Juan F , Gorriz José Luis , Martínez-Castelao Alberto , Fernández-Juárez Gema 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Kidney fibrosis has been reported to be a prognostic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Previous studies have shown that the assessment of urinary Dickkopf-3 (uDKK3), a stress-induced tubular epithelial-derived profibrotic glycoprotein, might be a potential tubulointerstitial fibrosis biomarker and might identify patients at short-term risk of glomerular filtration rate loss. We aim to evaluate uDKK3 as a potential biomarker for progression of CKD in a cohort with various aetiologies of CKD and subsequently in an overt diabetic nephropathy cohort.

Methods
We prospectively studied two independent cohorts comprising a total of 351 patients with Stages 2 and 3 CKD. Combined primary outcome consisted of a 50% increase in serum creatinine, end-stage kidney disease or death. The Progreser cohort included patients with heterogeneous aetiologies and the Pronedi cohort (101 patients) with overt diabetic nephropathy. The median follow-up time was 36 months [interquartile range (IQR) 30–39] and 36 (16–48), respectively.

Results
At baseline, median uDKK3 was 2200 pg/mg (IQR 671–7617) in the Progreser cohort and 3042 pg/mg (IQR 661–9747) in the Pronedi cohort. There were no statistically significant differences in the uDKK3 ratio between both cohorts nor between CKD aetiologies. Baseline uDKK3 was significantly higher in patients who reached the primary outcome. In the Cox proportional hazards model, the highest levels of uDKK3 were found to be an independent factor for renal progression in the Progreser cohort {hazard ratio [HR] 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–3.52]} and in the Pronedi cohort [HR 3.03 (95% CI 1.03–8.92)]. uDKK3 gradually increased in the following months, especially in patients with higher proteinuria. Treatment with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers did not modify uDKK3 after 4 or 12 months of treatment.

Conclusions
uDKK3 identifies patients at high risk of CKD progression regardless of the cause of kidney injury. uDKK3 might serve as a useful biomarker for kidney disease progression and therefore could be used by clinicians to optimize staging for renal progression and monitor the response to potential treatments.
A neuroendocrine perspective on the origin and evolution of cooperative breeding
Authors: Potticary Ahva L , Duckworth Renée A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cooperative breeding behavior in birds ranges from inducible to obligate strategies and has evolved across diverse taxa, in species that display a wide range of social and reproductive behavior. It is often thought to evolve when independent breeding is constrained, and cooperation increases fitness. Yet many systems show variable, even maladaptive, fitness effects. This observation, together with the wide range in the form and frequency of cooperative breeding, raises the question of how the recurrent appearance of cooperative breeding and its extensive variation across species—from inducible to obligate—can be explained. Here, we take a proximate perspective on the evolution of cooperative breeding to argue that cooperative strategies are delineated by the history of prior adaptations and emerge through the rearrangement of preexisting neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying social, dispersal, and parental behaviors. Natural selection sorts among the resultant variants to alter regulation of cooperation, producing stabilization through either greater developmental entrenchment or greater reliance on environmental cues. Thus, species showing inducible cooperative behavior may be at a transitory stage in this process. To assess this possibility, we first evaluate evidence that the components of cooperative breeding are common across taxa. Then, we review the neuroendocrine mechanisms that regulate the pathways underlying cooperative strategies. Finally, we assess the evidence for neuroendocrine linkages during development that may channel coexpression of some components of cooperative breeding and facilitate its evolution. We conclude that understanding the mechanistic bases of the behaviors comprising cooperative breeding strategies may provide novel insight into the recurrent emergence of this strategy across disparate environments and avian taxa.
Improved virus-induced gene silencing allows discovery of a serpentine synthase gene in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Yamamoto Kotaro , Grzech Dagny , Koudounas Konstantinos , Stander Emily Amor , Caputi Lorenzo , Mimura Tetsuro , Courdavault Vincent , O’Connor Sarah E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Specialized metabolites are chemically complex small molecules with a myriad of biological functions. To investigate plant-specialized metabolite biosynthesis more effectively, we developed an improved method for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). We designed a plasmid that incorporates fragments of both the target gene and knockdown marker gene (phytoene desaturase, PDS), which identifies tissues that have been successfully silenced in planta. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we used the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) as a model system. Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant well known for producing many bioactive compounds, such as vinblastine and vincristine. Our VIGS method enabled the discovery of a previously unknown biosynthetic enzyme, serpentine synthase (SS). This enzyme is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) that produces the β-carboline alkaloids serpentine and alstonine, compounds with strong blue autofluorescence and potential pharmacological activity. The discovery of this enzyme highlights the complexity of TIA biosynthesis and demonstrates the utility of this improved VIGS method for discovering unidentified metabolic enzymes in plants.
Thick Social Equity
Authors: Frederickson H George 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis is the third of four Last Lectures delivered by George Frederickson before his death in 2020. In “Thick Social Equity,” Frederickson returns to an abiding theme of his scholarship: the advancement of social equity in public administration research and practice. He traces the progress in the literature over the decades from “thin” to “thick” social equity, praising advancements in theory and empirical research in the twenty-first century, while decrying the current state of social inequity, particularly in the United States.
Improved parameter identification algorithm for ship model based on nonlinear innovation decorated by sigmoid function
Authors: Zhang Xianku , Zhao Baigang , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of parameter identification for ship nonlinear Nomoto model with small test data, a nonlinear innovation-based identification algorithm is presented by embedding sigmoid function in the stochastic gradient algorithm. To demonstrate the validity of the algorithm, an identification test is carried out on the ship ‘SWAN’ with only 26 sets of test data. Furthermore, the identification effects of the least squares algorithm, original stochastic gradient algorithm and the improved stochastic gradient algorithm based on nonlinear innovation are compared. Generally, the stochastic gradient algorithm is not suitable for the condition of small test data. The simulation results indicate that the improved stochastic gradient algorithm with sigmoid function greatly increases its accuracy of parameter identification and has 14.2% up compared with the least squares algorithm. Then the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by another identification test on the ship ‘Galaxy’, the accuracy of parameter identification can reach more than 95% which can be used in ship motion simulation and controller design. The proposed algorithm has advantages of the small test data, fast speed and high accuracy of identification, which can be extended to other parameter identification systems with less sample data.