bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Flexible Visible‐Blind Optoelectronics for Wired and Wireless UV Sensing in Harsh Environments
Authors: Li Guanghui , Yao Yao , Ashok Nikhil , Ning Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExploring remote destinations on Earth and in space such as the Antarctic and Mars is of great significance to science and technology. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at those locations is usually strong due to the depletion or absence of ozone, which is often accompanied by strong visible light interference and harsh environments with extreme temperatures. Those exploration missions extensively utilize flexible and foldable membranes and shells to meet the extreme requirements on structural size and weight. Ultra‐flexible UV photodetectors (PDs) capable of surviving harsh environments with additional ability to integrate on flexible and foldable structures for in situ visible‐blind UV sensing are critical to the protection of human explorers and engineering materials. However, the development of such UV PDs remains challenging. Here, this work introduces wired and wireless optoelectronic devices based on visible‐blind, ultra‐flexible, sub‐micron nanocomposites of zinc oxide nanoparticles and single‐walled carbon nanotubes. In‐depth studies demonstrate their operation at cold and hot temperatures and low air pressure. Those PDs can employ flexible near‐field communication circuits for wireless, battery‐free data acquisition. Their ultra‐flexibility allows folding into a sharp crease and conformal integration to flexible and origami structures, bringing further opportunities for UV detection in demanding missions on Earth and in space.
Porous PVDF Monoliths with Templated Geometry
Authors: Djeljadini Suzana , Bongartz Patrick , Alders Michael , Hartmann Nils , Oing Alexander , Cornelissen Christian , Hesselmann Felix , Arens Jutta , Steinseifer Ulrich , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of complex porous polymer geometries is a new field of advanced materials processing. Such new geometries can be used to fabricate porous polymer monoliths serving as a support for other material functions. Here, a novel fabrication technology to manufacture tailored 3D porous monoliths via additive manufacturing and templating is presented. The method is based on replicating a 3D‐printed mold with a polymer solution of polyvinylidenfluorid‐triethyl phosphate (PVDF‐TEP) and induce phase separation of the polymer solution subsequently. In a second step, the mold is removed without affecting the porous PVDF phase. As a result, porous monoliths with a templated 3D architecture are successfully fabricated. The manufacturing process is successfully applied to complex structures and can be applied to any conceivable geometry. Coating the porous 3D monoliths with another PVDF solution allows applying a skin layer yielding an asymmetric membrane monolith. As a showcase, a polydimethylsiloxane coating even leads to a smooth and dense layer of micrometer size. The methodology enables a new generation of complex porous polymer monoliths with tailored surface coatings. For the combination of poly(dimethylsiloxane) on a porous support, gas/liquid mass transfer is used in blood oxygenation with reduced diffusion limitation is within reach.
Differential Hydration of Ice‐Binding Surface of Globular and Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins
Authors: Pal Prasun , Chakraborty Sandipan , Jana Biman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLike hyperactive antifreeze proteins (AFPs), globular AFPs also illustrate thermal hysteresis by specific binding to ice. The ice‐binding surface (IBS) topology and residue preferences are different between globular AFPs and hyperactive AFPs. This study explores the hydration water ordering and its temperature and length‐scale dependencies for type‐III AFPs, and the results with hyperactive AFP and non‐AFPs are compared. The hydration layer of the IBS of globular AFP is semiclathrate‐like, which is different from the hyperactive AFPs, as it is reported to be ice‐like. In a similar environment, the solvation water surrounding the non‐ice‐binding surface (non‐IBS) is mostly liquid‐like. Surprisingly, the non‐IBS is appreciably dissimilar from the non‐AFP in terms of hydration pattern. The amino acid compositions of the non‐IBS are in contrast with the IBS. Protein–water hydrogen bonding patterns between the IBS and non‐IBS of AFP are also different. These consequences suggest the collective function of non‐IBS and IBS in the antifreeze activity. The different nature of the first solvation shell water ordering around the IBS of type‐III AFP and hyperactive insect AFP implicates a differential design of IBS that may account for their observed difference in antifreeze activity.
MXenes for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Liu Zhixiong , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMXenes have attracted increasing attention from the research community due to several unique properties that make them suitable for many applications. As a rapidly growing family of 2D transitional metal carbides and nitrides, they have demonstrated very promising properties in electrochemical devices. Recently, a few reports have emerged showing that MXenes have interesting optoelectronic properties. In this review, the fundamental properties of MXenes are discussed, especially those related to optoelectronic properties, and the recent reports on MXene‐based optoelectronic applications including photovoltaic, plasmonic, photodetector, phototransistor, and light‐emitting diode applications are reviewed. Last, and most importantly, a vision and a road map is articulated for the future research directions that make the most sense for this important class of materials.
Secondary invader bacteria associated with the red pest weevil infestation in date palm trees
Authors: Ziedan El‐Sayed H. E. , Alamri Saad A. , Hashem Mohamed , Mostafa Yasser S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe worldwide loss of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) productivity is due to the infestation of the red pest weevil (RPW). The pest makes tunnels in the tree trunk and could be followed by secondary microbial infections causing oozing of fluid with a distinct fermentation odor. This study aimed at isolation and identification of secondary invader bacteria associated with the RPW and confirmation of their potential destructive effect on the tree. Four bacterial isolates were recovered from the infested date palm tissues, and they were identified based on phenotypic characteristics using the VITEK2 system. Three out of the four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one isolate was identified as Burkholderia cepacia. All isolates caused rot of date palm germinated seeds (up to 40%), and wilt and root rot of date palm seedlings (40–100%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 3) was the most aggressive isolate that involved 40% mortality and caused 100% of root rot incidence in date palm seedlings. Burkholderia cepacia showed the lowest degree of rot on the germinated seeds, percentage mortality, percentage root rot incidence of date palm seedlings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (isolate No. 1) and B. cepacia caused a high loss in the weight of date palm petioles tissues (about 10%). The study threw light on the detrimental effects of secondary invader microbes associated with the RPW infestation. The study recommended an application of an integrated management program containing both antibacterial and insecticidal preparation in the management of the RPW to avoid a further negative effect on the palm trees.
Utility of monthly minodronate for osteoporosis after gastrectomy: Prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hirota Masashi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Saito Yurina , Kawabata Ryohei , Nakatsuka Rie , Imamura Hiroshi , Motoori Masaaki , Makari Yoichi , Takeno Atsushi , Kishi Kentaro , Adachi Shinichi , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimOsteoporosis in patients after gastrectomy is increasing with the aging of gastric cancer patients. Bisphosphonates are effective treatments for osteoporosis; however, their safety or efficacy in postgastrectomy patients has not been established. The purpose of this multicenter prospective intervention study was to investigate the impact of monthly minodronate on osteoporosis after gastrectomy.MethodsOf the 261 enrolled gastric cancer patients, 164 patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis based on criteria of the Japan Society of Osteoporosis. They were randomly assigned 1:1 to groups treated with active vitamin D (VD group) or monthly minodronate (MIN group). The primary endpoint was changes in lumbar bone mineral density (L‐BMD) 12 mo after the start of administration. The secondary endpoints were changes in bone metabolism markers, adverse events (AEs), or treatment completion rates.ResultsThere was no significant difference in patient background between the VD (n = 82) and MIN (n = 82) groups. In the MIN group, the increase in L‐BMD was significantly higher than that in the VD group (4.52% vs 1.72%, P = .001), with a significant reduction in bone metabolism markers; blood NTX (−25.6% vs −1.6%, P < .01) and serum bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (−34.3% vs −20.1%, P < .01). AEs were observed in 26.8% and 9.3% of the patients and treatment completion rates were 77.5% and 89.3% in the MIN and VD groups, respectively. Serious AEs were not observed in either group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of monthly minodronate, suggesting that this treatment may be useful for osteoporosis after gastrectomy (UMIN000015517).
Effects of cathode gas diffusion layer type and membrane electrode assembly preparation on the performance of immobilized glucose oxidase‐based enzyme fuel cell
Authors: Yazici Mehmet Suha , Bahar Tahsin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDifferent cathode configurations with carbon paper (CP) and carbon cloth (CC) gas diffusion layer (GDL) are combined with Nafion® 115 for GOx enzyme fuel cells. Catalyst‐coated Nafion membrane (without a GDL) has resulted with highest impedance and lowest polarization response. Hot pressing of cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE) onto the Nafion or physical placement onto the alternative chitosan membrane has reduced interface resistance 10 times compared with no‐GDL case. The best performance for the Nafion membrane is 2.1 mA cm−2 current density with hot‐pressed CC‐GDE. Smallest high‐frequency electrolyte (0.55 ohm) and charge transfer resistances (0.15 ohm) were measured with physically placed CC‐GDE on the alternative chitosan membrane resulting in maximum short current density of 3 mA cm−2 with a 4‐cm2 single enzyme fuel cell.
Output synchronous control of multi‐agent beam equations with boundary and domain structure time‐varying disturbances and general disturbances
Authors: Tang Wenjie , Zong Xiju , Chen Zhenzhen , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design of a synchronous controller for a network beam equation with structural time‐varying and general perturbations is studied. An infinite dimensional observer is established to estimate the total disturbance which is composed of structural time‐varying disturbance and unknown disturbance. Assuming that all networked partial differential equations (PDEs) are connected by communication graph, a feedback controller based on observer is proposed to solve the synchronization problem, which provides many new methods for the control of distributed systems in network space. The controller designed in this paper has three objectives: (1) asymptotically compensate structural term disturbance and general disturbance; (2) ensure the asymptotic convergence between each network state and the virtual leader state to track the virtual leader; and (3) the converged state errors are converged in the sense of synchronization. By using the analytical semigroup method, the well‐posedness of the networked closed‐loop system is proved. Three kinds of network beam equations with observer feedback control are simulated, and the simulation results show that this control method is effective for the synchronization of the network PDEs.
Terminal transverse limb defects with “nubbins”
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Nasri Hanah Z. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA terminal transverse limb defect with absence of the forearm and hand or just the hand is an uncommon limb deformity in an otherwise healthy newborn. Most of the affected infants also have tiny digit‐like nubbins on the stump of the affected limb, a finding that could represent an attempt at regeneration following vascular obstruction in early limb development.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐four newborn infants with a limb deficiency were identified among 289,365 births in an active malformations surveillance program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA from 1972 to 2012. Twenty‐eight infants with terminal transverse limb defects were identified.ResultsTwenty‐four had tiny digit‐like nubbins (0.5 cm in length) on the stump at one of three levels: the proximal portion of the forearm, the wrist or the forefoot. The examination of the placentas of eight affected infants showed no evidence of amnion rupture. Three of these 28 infants had associate chromosome abnormalities: trisomy 21, chromosome 11q deletion and the deletion of 22q11.2.ConclusionTerminal transverse limb defects reflect failure of early limb development. Awareness of this phenotype at birth, or when identified by ultrasound screening, can provide more accurate counseling than occurs with the more common misdiagnosis of “amniotic band syndrome.”
Physicochemical Characterization of Sparsely Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes: Structure of Submembrane Water and Nanomechanical Properties
Authors: Dziubak Damian , Sek Slawomir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSparsely tethered bilayer lipid membrane (stBLM) is a popular model considered to mimic biological membranes. The advantage of this system is the molecular architecture that provides a water environment on both sides of the lipid membrane. In this work, we have coupled electrochemical measurements with surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to evaluate the effect of the electric field on the physicochemical properties of stBLM composed of 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine and cholesterol. More specifically, we have focused on the structure of the submembrane water and nanomechanical properties of the membrane. Our experimental results revealed that stBLM composed of DMPC/Cholesterol offers good nanomechanical stability and low permeability within a relatively wide potential window. Importantly, it also covers biologically relevant range corresponding to transmembrane potentials occurring in natural cell membranes, which makes them suitable platform for bioinspired sensing devices.
Difficulties concerning “interactions between particles” – Experience from teaching practice
Authors: Hintz Holger , Kremer Matthias , Tittel Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMit Schwierigkeiten und Stolperfallen haben Chemielehrer:innen beim Thema der so genannten “Zwischenmolekularen Kräfte” im Unterricht häufig zu tun. Einige, wie z. B. die sorgfältig zu unterscheidenden Begriffe Teilladung, Ladungs‐ und Teilladungsschwerpunkt, werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dabei wird der Vorschlag aus dem didaktischen Prüfstand des MNU aufgegriffen, die Wechselwirkungen nur durch die Angabe der zugrunde liegenden Ursache, nämlich temporäre Dipole, permanente Dipole und H‐Brücken zu charakterisieren.
Vocational orientation in chemistry: A neglected field in chemistry teacher education
Authors: Küsel Julian , Hönig Marina , Rüschenpöhler Lilith , Markic Silvija 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBerufsorientierung ist eine zentrale Aufgabe von Schulen und soll auch im Rahmen des Chemieunterrichts erfolgen. Dies ist eine Herausforderung aufgrund der Stereotype bezüglich Gender, sozialer Schicht und Ethnizität in Chemie und den Naturwissenschaften. Diese Studie untersucht, (i) inwieweit angehende Lehrer:innen für Berufsorientierung professionalisiert sind und (ii) wie sich die Mitarbeit der Lehramtsstudierenden in einem Projekt zur Berufsorientierung in Chemie für Mädchen mit Migrationshintergrund (DiSenSu) auf die Professionalisierung der Studierenden auswirkt. Die qualitative Analyse einer Gruppendiskussion zwischen drei Lehramtsstudierenden zeigt, dass das naturwissenschaftliche Lehramtsstudium unzureichend auf die Berufsorientierung vorbereitet. Durch die Mitarbeit im Projekt DiSenSu konnte hingegen eine Professionalisierung erwirkt werden. Die Studie legt den Bedarf an evidenzbasierter Ausbildung für Berufsorientierung in Chemie offen. Die Erkenntnisse und Materialien aus dem Projekt DiSenSu können als Grundlage zur Verbesserung der Ausbildung dienen.
Characteristics and controls on the distribution of sublittoral microbial bioherms in Great Salt Lake, Utah: Implications for understanding microbialite development
Authors: Baskin Robert L. , Della Porta Giovanna , Wright V. Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSide‐scan sonar and Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse mapping of Great Salt Lake, Utah, linked to reprocessing of acoustic data from bathymetric surveys, has enabled the distribution of microbial bioherms to be assessed. Bioherms occupy an estimated area >700 km2 in the south arm and >300 km2 in the north arm. Distributions vary from statistically dispersed to clustered, and in this latter case, are predominantly located on metre‐scale, fault‐controlled topographic highs, with sediment infilling intervening lows between adjacent offsets. Individual bioherms are circular to oblate and range from centimetres to over 2 m in diameter. In some areas, bioherm heights were measured at more than 1.5 m above adjacent substrate. Sublittoral bioherms are made of aragonite, calcite and minor dolomite precipitated due to physico‐chemical, biologically induced and influenced carbonate mineralization processes in association with microbial mats. Bioherm fabrics vary at the millimetre to centimetre‐scale and consist of leiolitic and clotted peloidal micrite‐grade carbonate, sinuous threads of spherulitic fibrous aragonite crystals, laminated micrite boundstone and internal carbonate mud sediment with peloids and ooids. The identification of factors that influence microbial bioherm occurrence and spatial distribution in Great Salt Lake is limited to a set of collinear physical, chemical and biological variables that are confined to a localised closed system, such as salinity, water depth, wave energy, stable substrate and sediment accumulation. Anthropogenic modifications to Great Salt Lake resulting in increased salinity have exceeded the salinity range in which bioherm‐mediating microbial communities can survive, effectively defining an upper limit of salinity for bioherm microbial community viability. The better understanding of the distribution of microbial bioherms has significant implications for managing and protecting the lake ecosystem and may provide insights into the physical and chemical controls that existed during the formation of fossil microbialites in deep time.
Relation of endothelial and cardiac autonomic function with left ventricle diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tremamunno Saverio , De Vita Antonio , Villano Angelo , Melita Veronica , Ingrasciotta Gessica , Ruscio Eleonora , Filice Monica , Bisignani Antonio , Ravenna Salvatore Emanuele , Tartaglione Linda , Rizzo Gaetano Emanuele , Di Leo Mauro , Felici Tamara , Pitocco Dario , Lanza Gaetano Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Aim of this study was to investigate whether endothelial and/or autonomic dysfunction are associated with LV diastolic dysfunction in DM patients.MethodsWe studied 84 non‐insulin‐dependent type 2 DM (T2DM) patients with no heart disease by assessing: 1) LV diastolic function by echocardiography; 2) peripheral vasodilator function, by measuring flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate‐mediate dilation (NMD); 3) heart rate variability (HRV) on 24‐h Holter electrocardiographic monitoring.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (29.8%) had normal LV diastolic function, while 47 (55.9%) and 12 (14.3%) showed a mild and moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction, respectively. FMD in these 3 groups was 5.25 ± 2.0, 4.95 ± 1.6 and 4.43 ± 1.8% (p = 0.42), whereas NMD was 10.8 ± 2.3, 8.98 ± 3.0 and 8.82 ± 3.2%, respectively (p = 0.02). HRV variables did not differ among groups. However, the triangular index tended to be lower in patients with moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.09) and a significant correlation was found between the E/e’ ratio and both the triangular index (r = −0.26; p = 0.022) and LF amplitude (r = −0.29; p = 0.011).ConclusionsIn T2DM patients an impairment of endothelium‐independent, but not endothelium‐dependent, dilatation seems associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. The possible role of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diastolic dysfunction deserves investigation in larger populations of patients.
BMP9 and BMP10: Two close vascular quiescence partners that stand out
Authors: Desroches‐Castan Agnès , Tillet Emmanuelle , Bouvard Claire , Bailly Sabine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are dimeric transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) family cytokines that were first described in bone and cartilage formation but have since been shown to be involved in many pleiotropic functions. In human, there are 15 BMP ligands, which initiate their cellular signaling by forming a complex with two copies of type I receptors and two copies of type II receptors, both of which are transmembrane receptors with an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. Within this receptor family, ALK1 (activin receptor‐like kinase 1), which is a type I receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells, and BMPRII (BMP Receptor type II), a type II receptor also highly expressed on endothelial cells, have been directly linked to two rare vascular diseases: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), respectively. BMP9 (gene name GDF2) and BMP10, two close members of the BMP family, are the only known ligands for the ALK1 receptor. This specificity gives them a unique role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The aim of this current review is to present an overview of what is known about BMP9 and BMP10 on vascular regulation with a particular emphasis on recent results and the many questions that remain unanswered regarding the roles and specificities between BMP9 and BMP10.
Asymmetric root distributions reveal press–pulse responses in retreating coastal forests
Authors: Messerschmidt Tyler C. , Langston Amy K. , Kirwan Matthew L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impacts of climate change on ecosystems are manifested in how organisms respond to episodic and continuous stressors. The conversion of coastal forests to salt marshes represents a prominent example of ecosystem state change, driven by the continuous stress of sea‐level rise (press), and episodic storms (pulse). Here, we measured the rooting dimension and fall direction of 143 windthrown eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) trees in a rapidly retreating coastal forest in Chesapeake Bay (USA). We found that tree roots were distributed asymmetrically away from the leading edge of soil salinization and towards freshwater sources. The length, number, and circumference of roots were consistently higher in the upslope direction than downslope direction, suggesting an active morphological adaptation to sea‐level rise and salinity stress. Windthrown trees consistently fell in the upslope direction regardless of aspect and prevailing wind direction, suggesting that asymmetric rooting destabilized standing trees, and reduced their ability to withstand high winds. Together, these observations help explain curious observations of coastal forest resilience, and highlight an interesting nonadditive response to climate change, where adaptation to press stressors increases vulnerability to pulse stressors.