bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hackathons en ville, innovations pour la ville ?
Authors: Ferchaud Flavie 
Published: April 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à la relation entre l’innovation collaborative et les dynamiques urbaines à travers le recours, par les collectivités, aux événements de type hackathon . Les hackathons s’inscrivent dans un contexte de transformation de l’action publique urbaine sous l’effet du néolibéralisme urbain et de la diffusion de modèles de ville « intelligente » et « créative ». L’étude d’un hackathon (Gare Remix, Lyon, avril 2015) au prisme de la notion de dispositif permet de souligner ce qui configure les pratiques des participants et ce qui échappe au cadre. Malgré des formes de créativité significatives à l’égard du dispositif, les productions issues du hackathon ne trouvent pas leur place dans l’aménagement de l’espace. Elles apparaissent en décalage, à la fois trop bricolées pour la ville « intelligente » et trop techniques pour l’urbanisme do-it-yourself , ou tactique, dont se réclament pourtant les collectivités aujourd’hui. L’article montre que la portée effective des hackathons se situe finalement à d’autres niveaux : celui des processus de l’action publique urbaine et de sa gouvernance, celui des acteurs privés dans une logique de récupération, celui des participants qui trouvent dans les hackathons des ressources capacitantes (formation, réseautage…).
L’ardoise de couverture en Anjou au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne : l’exemple de la chapelle de la commanderie de Saulgé (Luigné, Maine-et-Loire)
Authors: Hunot Jean-Yves 
Published: April 2021

La méthode d’étude mise en place pour étudier les ardoises anciennes a été appliquée aux vestiges découverts dans les reins de voûte de la chapelle à la commanderie de Saulgé. Cette approche, basée sur l’acquisition de caractéristiques dimensionnelles et morphologiques, a permis de décrire ces ardoises de couverture tant dans leur forme que dans leur mode de pose. Ces informations conduisent à restituer une couverture d’ardoises épaisses fixées au clou à joints brouillés et à pureau décroissant. À partir de ces éléments, il a été possible d’estimer la quantité de matériau mis en œuvre à plus de 13 000 ardoises pour une masse proche de 10 tonnes. Ces éléments de l’époque moderne ont été confrontés aux résultats d’autres ensembles issus de contextes angevins entre le xie siècle et le xvie siècle pour être replacés dans une perspective plus longue. Tous ces ensembles soulignent, sur toute la période concernée, la consommation préférentielle d’ardoises de couverture de second choix au sein de l’aire de production ainsi que dans un rayon d’une cinquantaine de kilomètres autour, tandis que les produits de meilleure qualité (plus fins et réguliers) restent réservés au commerce à longue distance.
Incidence of peri-tubal and ovarian adhesions following laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) observed opportunistically at subsequent caesarean sections
Authors: Karunananda S. A. 
Published: April 2021

The frequently performed procedure of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is not without possible adverse effects on fertility. There is little uniformity in the technique or assessment of outcome or complications. The study aims to make gynaecologists aware of the frequency of one such complications even when and where the treatment goal of pregnancy has been achieved This leaves one wondering what the contribution of LOD could be where pregnancy has not followed despite evidence of ovulation possibly by causing interference with tubal function and ovarian entrapment. The degree of adhesions calls for restraint and due care when handling and unleashing energy on the ovaries during a mundane routine procedure often performed by trainees. Objective: To assess the extent to which the LOD could result in the formation of peri-tubal and ovarian (adnexal) adhesions, as seen opportunistically at subsequent caesarean sections. This is therefore only in instances where the procedure has been successful in resulting in a pregnancy.
Do pregnant women living in endemic regions of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) show pathological changes in the placenta?
Authors: Karunananda S. A. , Waduge R. 
Published: April 2021

There had not been much research to find possible involvement of other organs other than the kidney in CKDu. The effects on pregnancy due to renal impairment in general is known2,3 but what other damage could be inflicted by the unknown aetiology of CKDu on feto placental unit remains unknown.This injury could precede overt renal impairment. One such vulnerable organ is the placenta as both kidneys and placenta share similar function as filtration barriers. It is logical to assume if an agent could affect the interstitium of the kidney, similar adverse effects could be imposed on the interstitium of haemochorionic human placenta. This study was designed with the objective of analysing possible effects on human placental structure of patients who have been exposed to the probable aetiological factor responsible for CKDu. Obviously, anything affecting placenta would adversely affect fetus, its growth and organ development. If the agent passed through to the fetus, there could be similar direct damage to fetal kidneys too. 240 placental samples of women who had lived at least 10 years in a highly endemic area were compared with a similar number from those who were not so exposed. All samples were processed at the department of pathology and reported on by the second author. There was statistically insufficient evidence to conclude that population proportions of two categories were significantly different. The differences between categories and abnormalities were statistically insignificant. Since there was no noticeable Light Microscopic changes observed attributable to an unknown pathological agent, it was concluded that during a 9-months period of exposure of the placenta, no significant changes occurred even in the most endemic areas. This data was useful as women attending antenatal clinics could be reassured that no ill effect of the agent is known and it would be unnecessary to abandon home during pregnancy for safety of the fetus.
Evaluation of impact of ambient air pollution on respiratory health of traffic police in Kolkata
Authors: Dey Arindam , Mishra Tanusree , Sahu Subhashis , Saha Atanu 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Air pollution is associated with a broad spectrum of an environmental health problem, caused by increased urbanization and population, globally. Emission of pollutants was strongly implicated in acute morbidity and mortality associated with severe pollution. Traffic cops are most vulnerable due to the nature of their job, continuously exposed to toxic pollutants.

AIM OF STUDY:
The study aimed to assess the physical and respiratory morbidities of traffic cops due to the effect of environmental pollutants.

METHODOLOGY:
Air quality data were collected by the Central Pollution Control Board. Traffic cops were selected from three traffic zones of the city. Anthropometric data were collected by anthropometric instruments. Health assessment was performed via the questionnaire method. Pulmonary function parameters were recorded via digital spirometer.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Collected data were analyzed statistically via SPSS (V-16.0).

RESULTS:
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) and PM 10 found to be dominant pollutants in three zones of Kolkata. Air Quality Index values are high in winter. Any type of respiratory symptom is highest in the north, followed by the south and central zones. In the central zone, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% values significantly changed with work exposure. The habit of smoking also showed a significant effect on pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters. The difference of the change in PFT among the three zones was found significant.

CONCLUSION:
The result of the study indicates that outdoor environmental exposure creates detrimental effects on lung function parameters of traffic cops among the three zones of Kolkata. Use of mask, healthy food intake, performing exercise, and regular medical check are suggested to prevent respiratory damages of police personnel.
Combined effect of Kinesio taping and exercises on pain and function in individuals having patellofemoral pain syndrome with different grades of obesity
Authors: Gohil Divya M , Khose Pranita , Patra Chinmaya , Baxi Gaurang , Palekar Tushar J 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Obesity causes an excess amount of weight on the knee joint and promotes abnormal functioning of the joint. Correction with Kinesio taping allows forces to act in the correct direction. This study was conducted to see the combined effectiveness of Kinesio taping and exercises among different grades of obese population with anterior knee pain.

METHODOLOGY:
This study was conducted on obese individuals with anterior knee pain. Thirty-six participants were divided into three groups as per three grades of obesity. All the groups received the same treatment, Kinesio taping, and exercises. Participants received treatment three times a week for 4 weeks. The Visual Analog Scale and Kujala Scale were taken as outcome measures.

RESULTS:
Data were analyzed using Primer statistical software. A paired t-test was applied for within-group analysis, and one-way ANOVA was applied to compare data between the groups. All the groups showed a significant reduction in the pain score and improvement in function (P < 0.005). However, no statistically significant difference was seen for both outcome measures when comparing the three groups.

CONCLUSION:
The findings suggest that exercising and Kinesio taping are together effective in the treatment of anterior knee pain. This combined protocol was effective in restoring the knee function and reducing knee pain in all the three groups.
Renal cortical transit time in the evaluation of prenatally detected presumed pelvi ureteric junction like obstruction
Authors: Sharma Gyanendra Ravindra , Panda Arabind , Sharma Anshu Gyanendra 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Differentiating nonobstructive from obstructive dilatation of the kidney is a clinical dilemma in prenatally detected hydronephrosis. Many radionuclide renogram parameters have been used to differentiate obstructed from non-obstructed units, including cortical transit time (CTT). We evaluate the role of CTT in identifying obstruction through a systematic review.

Methods:
A literature search of the MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, and MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, EMBASE, Google scholar, Pub Med, and Cochrane Library was done using key words – radionuclide renogram, CTT, parenchymal transit time, cortical transit, renography to identify articles on the subject. The identified articles were assessed for appropriateness and reviewed.

Results:
The initial search yielded a total of 1583 articles, after adding the articles from references and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 28 articles were selected. CTT showed good inter observer agreement in identifying obstruction. The use of CTT as a single parameter for determining the need for surgery and to identify those kidneys which will have functional improvement after surgery has been evaluated and has been found to be useful. CTT is best used in conjunction with ultrasonography to make clinical decisions.

Conclusion:
The commonly used visual method of estimating the CTT, is a promising parameter for the evaluation of prenatally detected pelviureteric junction obstruction. Further well-designed multicenter prospective studies are needed to establish it as the most specific parameter to differentiate obstructive from nonobstructive dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system.
Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Jena Rahul , Narain Tushar Aditya , Singh Uday Pratap , Srivastava Aneesh 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Positron emission tomography (PET) is not a standard recommendation in most of the major guidelines for the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Earlier studies evaluating PET scan in patients with RCC have provided discordant results. However, with the advent of newer hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning systems, this modality has shown increased efficacy in the evaluation of primary renal masses along with the detection of extrarenal metastases, restaging recurrent RCC, and also in monitoring response to targeted therapy. We performed a systematic review of the existing literature on the role of PET scan in the evaluation of RCC.

Methodology:
We systematically searched the databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify studies on the use of PET scan in RCC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, 94 full-text articles were selected, of which 54 relevant articles were then reviewed, after a consensus by the authors.

Results:
Several studies have shown similar sensitivity and specificity of fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose-PET (FDG-PET) scan as compared to conventional CT scan for the initial diagnosis of RCC, and an improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of metastases and recurrences following curative therapy. The PET scan may also play a role in predicting the initial tumor biology and pathology and predicting the prognosis as well as the response to therapy.

Conclusion:
The current guidelines do not recommend PET scan in the staging armamentarium of RCCs. However, FDG-PET scan is as efficacious, if not better than conventional imaging alone, in the evaluation of the primary and metastatic RCC, as well as in evaluating the response to therapy, due to its ability to pick up areas of increased metabolic activity early on. Newer tracers such as Ga68 prostate specific membrane antigen-labeled ligands may help in opening up newer avenues of theragnostics.
Critical interpretative synthesis of herd immunity for COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garg Suneela , Singh Meghachandra M. , Deshmukh Chetana Prakash , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Borle Amod L. , Kumar Raman 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Countries globally are evaluating the concept of herd immunity and its critical role in the control of pandemic. The current paper attempts to conduct a critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) on the role of herd immunity in current COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
CIS is tool for developing theoretical framework using interpretation drawn from relevant empirical and non-empirical sources. This review is done by formulating review question for literature search. Purposive sampling of literature was done followed by reciprocal translational analysis of extracted data.

Results:
Herd immunity is indirect protection from a contagious infectious disease when a population is immune either through vaccination or natural immunity developed through previous infection. The reproduction number for COVID-19 in India was found to be 2.56 and herd immunity threshold as 61%.

Discussion:
Exposing 71% young population in India to the SARS-CoV-2 infection can achieve herd immunity but with high morbidity as well as mortality. Vaccine are under process. Feco-oral transmission and reinfection of COVID 19 are major factors to develop or break the circle of herd immunity in community. “Immunity passport” can give false sense of security. Surveillance and seroprevalence studies assess immunity status, gradual exposure of infection to younger population and collaborative partnerships on organizations are few strategies to acquire herd immunity.

Conclusion:
Herd immunity is a measure for prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic against the backdrop of mortality and morbidity. Vaccine can be boon but if herd immunity is to be acquired by natural infection then preparedness is necessary.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of Influenza A H1N1 cases at a tertiary care institute of Uttarakhand
Authors: Pandita Ajay K. , Raina Dimple , Arora Tanya , Ohri Puneet 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The swine (H1N1) virus responsible for worldwide pandemics since 2009 is now causing seasonal epidemics. Since then alarming spikes of swine flu cases have been reported from Uttarakhand every year. There are limited studies conducted in this Himalayan belt to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals.

Aims & Objectives:
This study aims to summarize the clinical and epidemiological attributes of swine flu and to approximate the burden of Influenza A H1N1 (Swine Flu) cases in this Himalayan belt.

Material and Methods:
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza A H1N1 cases from October 2018 to April 2019 were retrospectively and descriptively analyzed using data from the Medical Records Section and the isolation ward at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences; Shri Mahant Indiresh hospital.

Results:
A total of 1126 (51.6%) patients were tested of which 30% (338) patients were found to be H1N1 positive. Maximum cases and positivity were detected in the months of January (26.4%), February (50.3%), and March (14.8%), and the patients in the age groups of 41–50 (21.9%) and 51–60 years (19.3%) accounted for majority of the cases. The most common symptoms were fever (85.8%), cough (82.2%), sore throat (82%), and breathlessness (71.3%). A case fatality ratio of 10.9% was observed. A significant statistical association (p value < 0.00001) was reported between co-morbid conditions and death.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, close caution should be exercised in case of patients infected with H1N1 particularly those with co-morbidities.
Comparative study on fasting and postprandial lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chahal Jasmeen , Gupta Sunita , Chawla Sumit Pal Singh , Grewal Harpreet 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Postprandial dyslipidemia plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and possible macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Aims:
To assess and compare the fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in type 2 DM patients.

Settings and Design:
This case-control study was conducted in the Medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methods and Materials:
The study included 100 subjects; 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Fasting and postprandial lipid levels were estimated in all the subjects and compared.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Student's t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used for comparison between two and more than two groups, respectively, for normally distributed data.

Results:
Mean total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were significantly higher and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly lower in the diabetics in comparison to the controls in both fasting (200.82, 172.59, 126.20, 37.63, and 40.74 mg/dL in diabetics versus 179.90, 98.03, 109.54, 19.60, and 50.46 mg/dL in controls) and postprandial states (223.75, 232.99, 139.19, 46.52, and 40.54 mg/dL in diabetics versus 185.36, 102.20, 110.36, 20.24, and 48.96 mg/dL in controls). The mean postprandial TC and TG levels (223.75, 232.99 mg/dL) in diabetics were significantly higher when compared to their fasting values (200.82, 172.59 mg/dL) in these patients.

Conclusions:
Type 2 DM patients show significant postprandial lipid abnormalities particularly postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Raised postprandial lipid parameters highlight that estimating lipids in the postprandial state is equally important as is estimation of lipids in the fasting state in type 2 DM.
Assessment of osteoporosis knowledge among adult Saudi females attending the family medicine department at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Ghada M. , Alghamdi Abdullah M. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mineral density, deterioration of bone structure, bone fragility, and it is associated with high risk of fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis among Saudis is estimated to be 34% in females and 30.7% in males. The aim of this study was to know the level of knowledge about osteoporosis among Saudi females at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. We used the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) for data collection. The survey assessed the understanding of symptoms and fracture risk, risk factors, treatment availability and preventive factors for osteoporosis.

Results:
The overall knowledge of our 376 participants was good with a mean score of (66%). Participants had more knowledge about the symptoms and fracture risk and the preventive factors such as physical activity and diet compared to the other subscales of the OKAT. There was a significant difference between the knowledge of younger and older females (>40 yrs.), where younger females had lower scores on the OKAT.

Conclusion:
This study showed that knowledge about osteoporosis was good among females attending the family medicine clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. However, younger females were less knowledgeable, which means that more effort should be made to increase the awareness about osteoporosis especially among the younger females.
Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy patterns in hypertensive and type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: CD Mouneshkumar , Anand Santosh , RH Shilpa , Haidry Nazia , Kulkarni Pranay , Aastha  , Gupta Aaysha 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Essential hypertension is a type of hypertension which bears no etiological reasons. It is found to affect approximately 90 to 95 percent of hypertensive individuals. Similarly, type 2 diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a genetically determined systemic condition with a close relation to familial medical history. Both of these conditions or diseases are closely linked with the process of ageing among various other inherited and genetically determined factors. Importantly, a positive family history increases disease risk manifolds. As there is increased risk of hypertension and development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with family history because of genetic factors, the study of co-relation between dermatoglyphics and hypertension can aid in early identification of individuals with a genetic predisposition towards developing hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Aim:
The aim and objectives were as follows: (1) Analyze dermatoglyphic finger patterns; (2) Analyze cheiloscopic patterns; (3) Comparison of cheiloscopic and dermatoglyphic patterns with hypertension and type 2 diabetes; and (4) to determine if dermatoglyphics and/or cheiloscopic patterns can be used as tool(s) for pre-identification of inherited diseases.

Materials and Methods:
Total 300 study participants age range above 40 years were selected after obtaining informed consent. Lip patterns were recorded using a dark-colored lipstick and a transparent cellophane tape while finger print patterns were recorded using stamp ink-pad and by applying uniform finger pressure on blank paper sheet.

Results and Observations:
Cheiloscopic patterns analysis showed that the branched, straight, intersected, reticular followed by undifferentiated patterns were present in decreasing frequency among male patients while among female patients, branched, intersected, straight and reticular patterns were observed. However, no undifferentiated pattern was observed in female subjects. These findings were consistent with both diabetic as well as hypertensive patients. On the other hand, finger pattern analysis showed that ulnar loop was most frequently observed in both male and female patients with either hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Also, this was followed in decreasing order by arch type pattern, radial loop pattern and whorl pattern in both genders.

Conclusion:
It can be surmised from the study that both the finger prints and lip patterns can be used to ascertain predisposition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension.