bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal physiology and kidney injury during intense (CrossFit®) exercise
Authors: Kodikara Pamodi , Walker Rowan , Wilson Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity training (HIT) programmes are popularly associated with improvements in exercise efficiency and body composition, although, at extremes, have been accompanied by concerns of secondary rhabdomyolysis and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). Beyond the anecdotal, robust literature on the physiological impact of HIT on renal function is currently limited.AimsTo investigate the acute impact of high‐intensity (CrossFit®) training on renal function, and to evaluate the incidence of AKI by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End‐stage renal disease (RIFLE) criteria following CrossFit® training.MethodsClinical and biochemical parameters were measured in 22 healthy adults before and after two CrossFit® workouts: ‘Fran’ (12 men, 10 women) and ‘Macho Man’ (9 men, 4 women).ResultsSerum creatinine increased by 16 ± 10 μmol/L following Fran and 18 ± 12 μmol/L following Macho Man (P < 0.05). Cystatin C did not change significantly following Fran and increased by 0.06 ± 0.06 mg/L (P < 0.05) following Macho Man. AKI, as defined by RIFLE ‘Risk’ criteria, was observed in 5/22 (23%) participants following Fran and 5/13 (38%) participants following Macho Man. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio rose by 18.7 ± 18.3 and 5.2 ± 6.0 mg/mmol following Fran and Macho Man respectively off non‐albuminuric baselines (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIntense (CrossFit®) exercise is associated with significant metabolic demands and alterations in parameters of renal physiology and function. The observed rise in both conventional and novel biomarkers of renal function following the workout Macho Man specifically might indicate a degree of transient subclinical functional impairment with CrossFit®‐type training.
Tuberculosis and diabetes: increased hospitalisations and mortality associated with renal impairment
Authors: Kaur Ruveena , Egli Tobias , Paynter Jennifer , Murphy Rinki , Perumal Lavinia , Lee Arier , Harrison Adrian , Christmas Tim , Lewis Chris , Nisbet Mitzi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) triples a person's risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and is associated with increased mortality. It is unclear whether diabetes status and/or the associated renal dysfunction is associated with poor TB outcomes in New Zealand, which has high diabetes screening.AimTo characterise the population of TB‐DM and TB‐alone to assess the effect of diabetes status and renal function on hospitalisation and mortality.MethodsClinical records from all adult patients diagnosed with TB in Auckland over a 6‐year period (2010–2015) were reviewed. Baseline demographics, clinical presentation and microbiological data were assessed to compare the rates of hospitalisation and mortality between those with TB‐DM and TB‐alone. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 701 patients was identified with TB; 120 (17%) had an unknown diabetes status and were excluded, and 135 had co‐existing diabetes. The TB‐DM and TB‐alone groups had similar distribution of TB site and proportions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity.Univariate analysis showed TB‐DM patients had statistically significantly higher proportions of acute hospitalisation and mortality. Multivariate logistic regression showed only a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) accounted for the higher rates of hospitalisation, with the odds of hospitalisation increasing by 2% for every unit decrease in eGFR. The odds of mortality increased by 6% for every year increase in age, and the odds of mortality increased by 3% for every unit reduction in eGFR.ConclusionsDiabetes is associated with higher TB hospitalisation and mortality; however, this is likely mediated by increased age and chronic kidney disease.
Crystal chemistry and ion‐irradiation resistance of Ln2ZrO5 compounds with Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb
Authors: Aughterson Robert D. , Lumpkin Gregory R. , Zhang Zhaoming , Avdeev Maxim , Kong Linggen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe previously unattained fabrication of single phase Ln2ZrO5 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) compounds via relatively low sintering temperature (1400°C) is achieved in this study using a coprecipitation method. The crystal structures have been investigated by neutron, synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction, and electron diffraction techniques. While the general long‐range structure may be well described by the defect‐fluorite type structure with Fmm symmetry, electron diffraction has highlighted a complex underlying modulated structure that varies between each compound. These compounds have been tested for ion‐irradiation response using in situ 1 MeV krypton ions and transmission electron microscopy characterization. None of the compounds undergo a crystalline to amorphous transition, even holding at 50 K. Both the underlying fluorite and modulated superstructures are little affected by the irradiation. However, some atomic rearrangements are observed in the postirradiated electron diffraction patterns for the Sm2ZrO5 specimen.
High pyroelectric performance in Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.94Ti0.06]0.98O3/Al2O3 composites by design
Authors: Cao Jiaying , Yang Yuxin , Liang Yuying , Sha Yuxing , Li Ling , Zhang Ji , Wang Yaojin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh pyroelectric performance around human body temperature is essential for ultra‐sensitive infrared detectors of medical systems. Herein, toward human health monitoring, composite ceramics (1‐x)Pb0.99Nb0.02[(Zr0.57Sn0.43)0.94Ti0.06]0.98O3/xAl2O3 (x = 0, 0.1, and 0.2) were designed. A metastable ferroelectric (FE) phase was induced in the anti‐FE matrix by the Al2O3 component‐induced internal stress, and in turn FE‐anti‐FE phase boundary was constructed. The ceramics at x = 0.2 exhibit high pyroelectric coefficient with p = 10.9 × 10−4 C·m−2·K−1 and figures of merit with current responsivity Fi = 6.23 × 10−10 m·V−1, voltage responsivity Fv = 12.71 × 10−2 m2·C−1, and detectivity Fd = 7.03 × 10−5 Pa−1/2 around human body temperature. Moreover, the enhanced pyroelectric coefficients exist in a broad operation temperature range with a large full width at half maximums of 18.5°C and peak value of 29.2 × 10−4 C·m−2·K−1 at 48.2°C. The designed composite ceramic is a promising candidate for infrared thermal imaging technology of noncontact human health monitoring system.
Effects of active video games on physical function in independent community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Suleiman‐Martos Nora , García‐Lara Rubén , Albendín‐García Luis , Romero‐Béjar José L. , Cañadas‐De La Fuente Guillermo A. , Monsalve‐Reyes Carolina , Gomez‐Urquiza José L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse the effects of active video games on physical function in independent community‐dwelling older adults.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesThe CINAHL, LILACS, Medline, Proquest and Scopus databases were consulted, with no restriction by year of publication.Review methodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan software.ResultsThe analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1208 participants (all ≥55 years old). In our meta‐analyses, the effects produced by playing the active video games (mean differences) were statistically significant for the variables Gait speed and Timed up‐and‐go. The differences between the control and experimental groups were not significant in the following tests: 6‐minute walk, 30‐second chair stand, balance (measured with the Berg Balance Scale), cadence, grip strength, knee extension strength, 8‐Foot Up‐and‐Go or velocity.ConclusionsPhysical exercise from participation in active video games has beneficial effects on two clinical parameters (Gait speed and Timed up‐and‐go) in independent community‐dwelling older adults. However, the effects on other parameters do not differ from those obtained with conventional exercise training. Therefore, the clinical significance of these benefits is limited.ImpactOlder adults usually perform little physical activity. In consequence, researchers have increasingly considered alternatives to traditional forms of exercise. One such is that provided by active video games, which can be a source of stimulation, encouraging adherence and motivation in exercise programmes. Our review shows that active video games can improve gait speed and mobility, but in other respects obtain no differences from conventional exercises. Further tailored randomized clinical trials should be undertaken with diverse populations of older adults to evaluate different physical function variables to determine the most appropriate training approach and its optimal design and duration.
Evolutionary trade‐off between male colouration and feather moult extent also indirectly determines female moult
Authors: Kiat Yosef , Sapir Nir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMales and females are often influenced by different selective forces, frequently resulting in diverging phenotypes, for example in colouration. Since an animal's colouration may strongly influence its fitness, causes and consequences of sexual dichromatism in birds could aid in understanding important factors affecting sexual and natural selection. Variation in plumage ornamentation may affect mate attraction or intraspecific antagonistic behaviour. In most passerines, body plumage colouration of juveniles is obtained through the process of feather moult. The number of moulted wing and tail feathers, which also influences the bird's appearance, may affect its fitness. Here, we show that body plumage colouration of male, but not female, passerines is correlated with the number of moulted wing and tail feathers in the early stage of the bird's life for both sexes. Thus, the extent of wing and tail moult in females is not modulated by the female's colouration and can prevent females from reaching their sex‐specific optima. This result could be explained by high intersexual genetic correlations, which might make it impossible for the sexes to reach their own trait fitness optima. Our findings may indicate that species‐specific, rather than sex‐specific, internal correlations shaped bird moult strategy, an important avian life‐history trait.
Can Cold Turkey Reduce Inflation Inertia? Evidence on Disinflation and Level‐k Thinking from a Laboratory Experiment
Authors: GIAMATTEI MARCUS 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is widely believed that inflation inertia varies with the policy pursued. In a novel experiment, price setters determine inflation rates and react to a central bank's indicator, which is implemented exogenously either as cold turkey or gradual disinflation. In a third treatment, subjects in the role of a central banker set the indicator endogenously, potentially reducing inertia by signaling to be a tough central banker. I find inertia to be structurally stable and invariant to policies. The data can be organized by a model of level‐ thinking, which shows that cold turkey improves only a few subjects' adjustment while leaving many behind.
The Walls Have Ears: Local Information Environments and Corporate Fraud
Authors: HAGENDORFF JENS , LE NHAN , NGUYEN DUC DUY 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper shows that a firm's likelihood of committing corporate fraud is affected by the local information environment. We use the density of local bank branch networks as a proxy for the local information environment. We show that denser bank branch networks increase the likelihood of fraud detection, accelerate the detection of fraud, and decrease the fraud propensity of local firms. Our results cannot be explained by the clustering of firms in urban areas, geographic proximity to regulators, or other location effects. Overall, our study identifies a spatial dimension in the detection and prevention of corporate fraud.
E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4‐2 exerts neuroprotective effects during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Lodes Daphne E. , Zhu Jiuhe , Tsai Nien‐Pei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down‐regulated protein 4‐like (Nedd4‐2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase critical for neurodevelopment and homeostasis of neural circuit excitability. While dysregulation of Nedd4‐2 has been linked to elevated seizure susceptibility through impaired ubiquitination of multiple direct substrates, it remains largely unclear whether Nedd4‐2 interconnects other cellular pathways that affect neuronal activity and seizure susceptibility. Here, we first showed that Nedd4‐2 associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates the expression of multiple ER‐resident proteins. Furthermore, utilizing Nedd4‐2 conditional knockout mice, we showed that Nedd4‐2 is required for the maintenance of spontaneous neural activity and excitatory synapses following the induction of ER stress. When analyzing activation of the canonical pathways of ER stress response, we found that Nedd4‐2 is required for phosphorylation of eIF2α. While phosphorylation of eIF2α has been shown to reduce seizure susceptibility, attempts to facilitate phosphorylation of eIF2α in Nedd4‐2 conditional knockout mice failed to produce such a beneficial function, suggesting a role for Nedd4‐2 in integrating the ER stress response to modulate seizure susceptibility. Altogether, our study demonstrates neuroprotective functions of Nedd4‐2 during ER stress in neurons and could provide insight into neurological diseases in which the expression or activity of Nedd4‐2 is impaired.
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A new classification system for the anatomical variations of the human circle of Willis: A systematic review
Authors: Ayre James R. , Bazira Peter J. , Abumattar Mohammed , Makwana Haran N. , Sanders Katherine A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe circle of Willis (CoW) is an anastomotic arterial network located on the base of the brain. Studies have shown that it demonstrates considerable anatomical variation in humans. This systematic review aimed to identify and catalogue the described anatomical variations of the CoW in humans to create a new, comprehensive variation classification system. An electronic literature search of five databases identified 5899 studies. A two‐phase screening process was performed, and studies underwent quality assessment. A total of 42 studies were included in the review. Data were extracted and circles were reconstructed digitally using graphics software. The classification system contains 82 CoW variations in five continuous groups. Group one contains 24 circles with one or more hypoplastic segments only. Group two contains 11 circles with one or more absent segments only. Group three contains 6 circles with hypoplastic and absent segments only. Group four contains 26 circles with one or more accessory segments. Group five contains 15 circles with other types of anatomical variation. Within each group, circles were subcategorised according to the number or type of segments affected. An original coding system was created to simplify the description of anatomical variations of the CoW. The new classification system provides a comprehensive ontology of the described anatomical variations of the CoW in humans. When used with the coding system, it allows the description and categorisation of recorded and unrecorded variants identified in past and future studies. It is applicable to current clinical practice and the anatomical community, including human anatomy education and research.
Pregnancy with inflammatory bowel disease: Outcomes for mothers and their children at a European tertiary care center
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Krueger Julian , Bashlekova Teodora , Rupp Christian , Baumann Lukas , Gauss Annika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe study aimed at investigating pregnancy complications, birth outcomes, and postnatal child development in pregnancies of women with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).MethodsThis is an uncontrolled retrospective single‐center study between 2014 and 2019. It is a mixed‐method cross‐sectional study using data from (1) electronic patient records and (2) questionnaires and copies of mothers' and children's health booklets. Disease activity and IBD medications were analyzed and related to pregnancy complications, birth outcomes, and postnatal child development using mixed models for statistical analyses.ResultsFifty live births from 46 patients were included. Disease activity anytime during pregnancy occurred in 56%. Biologics were applied in ca. 25% of pregnancies, mostly only through the second trimester. Pregnancies of mothers with active disease were slightly shorter than those of mothers with inactive disease (37.4 weeks vs. 38.9 weeks). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were reported in 28% of the live births, including small for gestational age in 6%, low birth weight in 18%, and preterm birth in 20%. Postnatal developmental abnormalities and health problems were reported in 26.8% of the children. Mixed model analyses failed to reveal significant associations between IBD activity and IBD medications during pregnancy and pregnancy complications, perinatal birth outcomes, and postnatal child development.ConclusionDespite a tendency of shorter pregnancies in patients with active IBD and lower birth weight and birth size in patients with IBD‐related therapy during pregnancy, disease activity and medications did not significantly influence pregnancy, birth, and developmental outcomes.
Becoming a feminist methodologist while researching sexual violence support services
Authors: WHITTINGDALE ELEANOR 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article contends that feminist methodologies offer rich and diverse insights for the production of socio‐legal knowledge. Recognizing the pioneering work of early feminist methodologists, it explores three key issues that feminist methodologies bring into sharp relief: a push beyond the scientific method, reflexivity, and reciprocity. Drawing upon a case study relating to the long‐elided voices and narratives of English sexual violence support workers, the article goes on to discuss the process of applying feminist methodologies in practice. It frames engaging with feminist methodologies during empirical work as a continuous process of becoming, a rigorous project of critical reflection undergirded by the challenges of translating feminist theory into practice. The process of becoming a feminist methodologist is explored here as an evolving and messy labour of commitments, apprehensions, and realizations, and as a way of doing research that recognizes the impossibility of unstitching ourselves from the claims to knowledge that we make.
Intra‐household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low‐and middle‐income countries
Authors: Irache Ana , Gill Paramjit , Caleyachetty Rishi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobally, overweight/obesity is rising rapidly while anaemia persists. Nevertheless, evidence on their coexistence at the household level remains limited. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we quantified the magnitude, distribution and inequalities (i.e., estimates by wealth, education level and residence) in the intra‐household double burden (DBM) of overweight/obesity and anaemia among mothers and their children living in 49 low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The pooled prevalence of total intra‐household DBM was 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6, 18.8); 16.2% (95% CI: 14.6, 17.9) for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia; and 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. South Africa had the highest prevalence of total DBM at the household level, affecting almost one in three households. Households with mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia followed an inverse social gradient, with higher estimates found in the richest quintile, highest maternal education level and in urban areas; although with some variation across regions. The opposite was observed for mothers with anaemia and children with overweight/obesity. The largest inequality gaps were found for mothers with overweight/obesity and children with anaemia in Togo by household wealth (29.3%‐points; p < 0.001), in Ghana by maternal education level (28.0%‐points; p = 0.001) and in Niger by area of residence (25.2%‐points; p < 0.001). Although double‐duty actions might help accelerate action towards reducing malnutrition in all its forms, a comprehensive assessment of the causes of anaemia is first warranted to design effective country‐specific programmes.
The blood–CSF–brain route of neurological disease: The indirect pathway into the brain
Authors: Cousins Oliver , Hodges Angela , Schubert Julia , Veronese Mattia , Turkheimer Federico , Miyan Jaleel , Engelhardt Britta , Roncaroli Federico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe brain is protected by the endothelial blood–brain barrier (BBB) that limits the access of micro‐organisms, tumour cells, immune cells and autoantibodies to the parenchyma. However, the classic model of disease spread across a disrupted BBB does not explain the focal distribution of lesions seen in a variety of neurological diseases and why lesions are frequently adjacent to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. We have critically reviewed the possible role of a blood–CSF–brain route as a disease entry pathway into the brain parenchyma. The initial step of this pathway is the transfer of pathogens or immune components from the blood into the CSF at the choroid plexuses, where the blood–CSF barrier (BCSFB) is located. The flow of CSF results in disease dissemination throughout the CSF spaces. Access to the brain parenchyma from the CSF can then occur across the ependymal layer at the ventricular surface or across the pial–glial barrier of the subarachnoid space and the Virchow–Robin spaces. We have reviewed the anatomy and physiology of the blood–CSF–brain pathway and the brain barriers controlling this process. We then summarised the evidence supporting this brain entry route in a cross‐section of neurological diseases including neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis, neurosarcoidosis, neuropsychiatric lupus, cryptococcal infection and both solid and haematological tumours. This summary highlights the conditions that share the blood–CSF–brain pathway as a pathogenetic mechanism. These include the characteristic proximity of lesions to CSF, evidence of disruption of the brain barriers and the identification of significant pathology within the CSF. An improved understanding of pathological transfer through the CSF and across all brain barriers will inform on more effective and targeted treatments of primary and secondary diseases of the central nervous system.