bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Question Goes a Long Way: A Wording Experiment on Bank Account Ownership
Authors: Angrisani Marco , Couper Mick P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOwnership of a bank account is an objective measure and should be relatively easy to elicit via survey questions. Yet, depending on the interview mode, the wording of the question and its placement within the survey may influence respondents’ answers. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) asset module, as administered online to members of the Understanding America Study (UAS), yielded substantially lower rates of reported bank account ownership than either a single question on ownership in the Current Population Survey (CPS) or the full asset module administered to HRS panelists (both interviewer-administered surveys). We designed and implemented an experiment in the UAS comparing the original HRS question eliciting bank account ownership with two alternative versions that were progressively simplified. We document strong evidence that the original question leads to systematic underestimation of bank account ownership. In contrast, the proportion of bank account owners obtained from the simplest alternative version of the question is very similar to the population benchmark estimate. We investigate treatment effect heterogeneity by cognitive ability and financial literacy. We find that questionnaire simplification affects responses of individuals with higher cognitive ability substantially less than those with lower cognitive ability. Our results suggest that high-quality data from surveys start from asking the right questions, which should be as simple and precise as possible and carefully adapted to the mode of interview.
There’s No Place Like Home: The Role of Informal Carers under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Varadan Sheila 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Children need guidance and direction to navigate their everyday lives, and such guidance is likely to come from not just parents, but wider family and community. How we acknowledge informal carers and support their caregiving role will have implications for a child’s enjoyment and exercise of rights. Yet, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) does not explicitly recognise ‘kinship’ care nor does it accord formal recognition to informal carers involved in the everyday care of a child. The role of extended family members and community is referenced just once in the CRC, within the framework of parental guidance and direction under article 5. Interrogating the work of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, this paper examines how informal carers have come to be recognised and supported within the CRC. It suggests that while article 5 may offer an avenue to identify informal carers, its scope and function are not open-ended, and the extent to which the CRC provides a legal framework to recognise informal carers and informal care arrangements remains unclear. This paper concludes that more consideration needs to be given to how informal carers are supported and protected within the CRC, to ensure children are not denied their right to family and family relationships under international law.
Changes in excess mortality among adults with diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease: a comparison between the USA and Australia
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Morton Jedidiah I , Shaw Jonathan E , Patzer Rachel E , McDonald Stephen P , Magliano Dianna J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The number of people with diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD-DM) has doubled in the last two decades. We examined changes in excess mortality for people with ESKD-DM in the USA and Australia.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (ages 20–84 years) receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) for ESKD-DM in the USA (n = 1 178 860 from the United States Renal Data System, 2002–17) and Australia (n = 10 381 from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, 2002–13). ESKD-DM was defined as those with diagnosed diabetes at time of RRT initiation and mortality status was captured from national death registries. Annual standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were stratified by treatment modality, and age, sex and race (USA only). Trends were assessed using join point regression and annual percent change (APC) was reported.

Results
Overall, in the dialysis population SMR decreased from 2006 to 2014 in the USA (from 12.0 to 10.1; APC −2.1) and from 2002 to 2013 in Australia (from 12.0 to 9.4; APC −3.4). In the transplant population, SMR decreased from 6.2 to 4.0 from 2002 to 2013 in the USA, and did not significantly change from 2002 to 2013 in Australia. By subgroup, excess mortality was higher in women (versus men), younger (versus older) adults, dialysis (versus transplant) patients, and in Asian or Pacific Islanders and American Indian or Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) (versus Whites and Blacks). SMRs declined similarly across all subgroups excluding AI/AN (USA) and transplant patients (Australia), where relative declines were smaller.

Conclusions
Excess mortality for people with ESKD-DM treated with dialysis or transplant has decreased in the USA and Australia, but progress has stalled from ∼2013 in the USA. Nevertheless, mortality remains more than nine times higher in ESKD-DM versus the general population, with important variations by subgroups. Given the increasing burden of diabetes in the population, a focus on reducing excess mortality risk in the ESKD-DM population is needed.
Dual-ligand and hard-soft-acid-base strategies to optimize metal-organic framework nanocrystals for stable electrochemical cycling performance
Authors: Zheng Shasha , Sun Yan , Xue Huaiguo , Braunstein Pierre , Huang Wei , Pang Huan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to acidic, neutral, or alkaline aqueous solutions, resulting in insufficient stability, therefore limiting their applications. Thus, the design and synthesis of stable size/morphology-controlled MOF nanocrystals is critical but challenging. In this study, dual-ligand and hard-soft-acid-base strategies were used to fabricate a variety of 3D pillared-layer [Ni(thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate)(4,4′-bipyridine)]n MOF nanocrystals (1D nanofibers, 2D nanosheets and 3D aggregates) with controllable morphology by varying the concentration of 4,4′-bipyridine and thus controlling the crystal growth direction. Owing to the shorter ion diffusion length, enhanced electron/ion transfer and strong interactions between thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate and 4,4′-bipyridine, the 2D nanosheets showed much larger specific capacitance than 1D nanofibers and 3D aggregates. A single device with an output voltage as high as 3.0 V and exceptional cycling performance (95% of retention after 5000 cycles at 3 mA cm–2) was realized by configuring two aqueous asymmetric supercapacitive devices in series. The excellent cycling property and charge–discharge mechanism are consistent with the hard-soft-acid-base theory.
Spinoza on Expression and Grounds of Intelligibility
Authors: Hübner Karolina , Mátyási Róbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent literature on Spinoza has emphasized his commitment to universal intelligibility, understood as the claim that there are no brute facts. We draw attention to an important but overlooked element of Spinoza's commitment to intelligibility, and thereby question its most prominent interpretation, on which this commitment results in the priority of conceptual relations. We argue that such readings are both incomplete in their account of Spinozistic intelligibility and mistaken in their identification of the most fundamental relation. We argue that Spinoza is one of the first moderns to address the problem of conditions of intelligibility, and show that, in his metaphysics, expressive relations are best understood as relations of dependence for intelligibility: what a thing ‘expresses’ is its condition of intelligibility, that which determines how, through what concepts, it can be conceived.
Effect of Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy on Lung Volumes and Health Outcomes in Adults With Chest Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saliba Kerrie A , Blackstock Felicity , McCarren Bredge , Tang Clarice Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy on lung volumes and health outcomes in adults with chest trauma and to investigate any adverse effects and optimal dosages leading to the greatest positive impact on lung volumes and recovery.

Methods
Data sources were MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL, Open Access Thesis/Dissertations, EBSCO Open Dissertations, and OpenSIGLE/Open Grey. Randomized controlled trials investigating PEP therapy compared with usual care or other physical therapist interventions were included. Participants were &gt;18 years old and who were admitted to the hospital with any form of chest trauma, including lung or cardiac surgery, blunt chest trauma, and rib fractures. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale, and the level of evidence was downgraded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results
Eleven studies involving 661 participants met inclusion eligibility. There was very low-level evidence that PEP improved forced vital capacity (standardized mean difference = −0.50; 95% CI = −0.79 to −0.21), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (standardized mean difference = −0.38; 95% CI = −0.62 to −0.13), and reduced the incidence of pneumonia (relative risk = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.85). Respiratory muscle strength also significantly improved in all 3 studies reporting this outcome. There was very low-level evidence that PEP did not improve other lung function measures, arterial blood gases, atelectasis, or hospital length of stay. Both PEP devices and dosages varied among the studies, and no adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
PEP therapy is a safe intervention with very low-level evidence showing improvements in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, respiratory muscle strength, and incidence of pneumonia. It does not improve arterial blood gases, atelectasis, or hospital length of stay. Because the evidence is very low level, more rigorous physiological and dose–response studies are required to understand the true impact of PEP on the lungs after chest trauma.

Impact
There is currently no strong evidence for physical therapists to routinely use PEP devices following chest trauma. However, there is no evidence of adverse events; therefore, in specific clinical situations, PEP therapy may be considered.
The Oligopoly Lucas Tree
Authors: Dou Winston Wei , Ji Yan , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel quantitative framework with endogenous strategic competition in heterogeneous concentrated industries. Oligopolies compete strategically for profit margins in repeated games, trading off the benefits of future cooperation against those of reaping higher short-run profits by undercutting their rivals. Cross-industry dispersions in market leadership persistence and cash flow loadings on expected growth, as primitive characteristics, simultaneously determine the relationships among profitability, book-to-market ratios, and systematic risk exposures, thereby quantitatively rationalizing the gross profitability and value premium across industries and, importantly, their interactions. Controlling for the book-to-market ratio (gross profitability) makes the gross profitability (value) premium more pronounced.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
An enhanced mitochondrial function through glutamine metabolism in plasmablast differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sumikawa Maiko Hajime , Iwata Shigeru , Zhang Mingzeng , Miyata Hiroko , Ueno Masanobu , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Nagayasu Atsushi , Kanda Ryuichiro , Sonomoto Koshiro , Torimoto Keiichi , Lee Seunghyun , Nakayamada Shingo , Yamamoto Kazuo , Okada Yosuke , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the dysfunction of B-cell metabolism and its involvement in SLE pathology.

Methods
We assessed the expression of metabolic markers of B cells in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HCs) and SLE patients by using flow cytometry. In vitro, peripheral B cells were isolated from HCs and SLE patients to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in their differentiation.

Results
The expression level of DiOc6 (mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization) was higher in B cells from SLE patients than in HCs, and correlated to the percentage of plasmablasts in CD19+ cells and with SLEDAI, a disease activity score. Stimulation of CD19+ cells with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand CpG and IFN-α enhanced glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), DiOc6 expression, and plasmablast differentiation in vitro. In the absence of glutamine, both glycolysis and OXPHOS were reduced, and plasmablast differentiation was suppressed, whereas there was no change in the absence of glucose. As glutamine is an important nutrient for protein synthesis, we further investigated the effect of the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES, which inhibits glutamine degradation, on metabolic regulation. BPTES reduced DiOc6 expression, OXPHOS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, plasmablast differentiation without affecting glycolysis. Metformin inhibited CpG- and IFN-α-induced glutamine uptake, mitochondrial functions and suppressed plasmablast differentiation.

Conclusions
Mitochondrial dysfunction in B cells is associated with plasmablast differentiation and disease activity in SLE. Enhanced mitochondrial functions mediated by glutamine metabolism are important for plasmablast differentiation, which may be a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Outcomes in Subsequent Pregnancies of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder Treated in Multidisciplinary Clinic in Prior Pregnancy
Authors: Mason Isabelle , Mashburn Sarah , Cleary Erin , Abdelwahab Mahmoud , Ma’ayeh Marwan , Rood Kara M. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Untreated opioid misuse in pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes. Limited information is available on maternal and perinatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies for individuals initiated on medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in a prior pregnancy.

Objective
Evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies for individuals initiated on MOUD in prior pregnancy.

Methods
Historical cohort study including individuals with opioid use disorder with ≥2 pregnancies between 2013 and 2020, received care in our colocated multidisciplinary clinic for >1 pregnancy, and delivered at our institution. Primary outcome was rate of preconception MOUD. Secondary outcomes included rate of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome requiring pharmacologic treatment and length of hospital stay.

Results
Forty-two individuals with opioid use disorder in their index pregnancies (n = 42) and 46 subsequent pregnancies were identified. Individuals were more likely to receive long-acting reversible contraception in subsequent pregnancies (35% vs 14%, P = 0.04). No differences in tobacco use, gestational age at initiation of prenatal care or delivery was noted. Individuals in their subsequent pregnancies were 6 times more likely to be on MOUD preconception (78% vs 36%; OR, 6.48; [95% CI, 2.52–16.64]) and 67% less likely to have positive illicit urine drug screen upon initiation of care (36% vs 64%; OR, 0.33; 95% [CI, 0.14–0.78]). Neonates had similar rates of neonatal abstinence withdrawal syndrome requiring pharmacological treatment, positive illicit toxicology results, and neonatal length of stay.

Conclusions
Participation in multidisciplinary obstetric and opioid use disorder program increases rate of MOUD in subsequent pregnancy with decrease in illicit drug use.
Exploring Internal Facilitators' Experience With NeoECHO to Foster NEC Prevention and Timely Recognition Through the iPARIHS Lens
Authors: Weiss Alyssa B. , Newnam Katherine M. , Wyles Christina , Shea Kimberly , Gephart Sheila M. 
Published: October 2021

Background:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major complication in the neonatal population. Standard practices regarding the care of premature infants and attitudes toward NEC prevention strategies vary across neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Evidence-based best practice dissemination was presented through the NEC-Zero bundle. To close gaps between evidence and practice, a telehealth-delivered intervention (ie, NeoECHO) was provided to NICUs.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to enable adoption of best practice for NEC prevention using NeoECHO through describing the local volunteer unit leaders', or internal facilitators' (IFs'), experiences in participating in NeoECHO and identifying the extent to which the facilitation activities within the NeoECHO experience were consistent with constructs from the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (iPARHIS) framework.Methods:The design of this study was qualitative descriptive. Six IFs were recruited in the Southwest. After 6 NeoECHO sessions, individual interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was applied. Codes were informed by the iPARIHS framework.Results:Major themes were (1) Innovation: Quality Improvement Projects, Bundles of Care, and Huddle; (2) Recipient: Reluctant Stakeholders and Technical Modalities; (3) Context: Buy-In, Timing, Resources, Leadership, and Blame; (4) Facilitation: Betterment, Buddy System, Passionate Care, and Empowerment; and (5) Adoption: Continuous Quality Improvement, Evidence-Based Practice, and Honest Discussions.Implications for Practice and Research:NeoECHO fostered a learning community to share current practices, policies, and strategies for NEC prevention, but the IFs were essential to foster local participation. The long-term impacts of NeoECHO are the focus of current research.Video Abstract available athttps://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx.
Reimbursement of Lumbar Decompression at an Orthopedic Specialty Hospital Versus Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Kothari Parth , Canseco Jose A. , Karamian Brian A. , Minetos Paul D. , Jeyamohan Hareindra , Bowles Daniel R. , Mao Jennifer Z. , DiMaria Stephen L. , Conaway William , Kaye I. David , Woods Barrett I. , Kurd Mark F. , Rihn Jeffrey A. , Anderson D. Greg , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: October 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in Medicare reimbursement for one- to three-level lumbar decompression procedures performed at a tertiary referral center versus an orthopedic specialty hospital (OSH).

Summary of Background Data.
Lumbar decompression surgery is one of the most commonly performed spinal procedures. Lumbar decompression also comprises the largest proportion of spinal surgery that has transitioned to the outpatient setting.

Methods.
Patients who underwent a primary one- to three- level lumbar decompression were retrospectively identified. Reimbursement data for a tertiary referral center and an OSH were compiled through Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Demographic data, surgical characteristics, and time cost data were collected through chart review. Multivariate regression models were used to determine independent factors associated with total episode of care cost, operating room (OR) time, procedure time, and length of stay (LOS), and to determine independent predictors of having the decompression performed at the OSH.

Results.
Total episode of care, facility, and non-facility payments were significantly greater at the tertiary referral center than the OSH, as were OR time for one- to three-level procedures, procedure time of all pooled levels, and LOS for one- and two-level procedures. Three-level procedure was independently associated with increased OR time, procedure time, and LOS. Age and two-level procedure were also associated with increased LOS. Procedure at the OSH was associated with decreased OR time and LOS. Charlson Comorbidity Index was a negative predictor of decompression being performed in the OSH setting.

Conclusion.
Significant financial savings to health systems can be expected when performing lumbar decompression surgery at a specialty hospital as opposed to a tertiary referral center. Patients who are appropriate candidates for surgery in an OSH can in turn expect faster perioperative times and shorter LOS.

Level of Evidence: 3
A Competing Risk-based Prognostic Model to Predict Cancer-specific Death of Patients with Spinal and Pelvic Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Dong Yimin , Xie Linka , Kang Honglei , Peng Renpeng , Guo Qian , Song Kehan , Wang Jai , Guan Hanfeng , Fang Zhong , Li Feng 
Published: October 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a competing-risk-based prognostic model and a nomogram for predicting the three- and five-year probability of cancer-specific death (CSD) in patients with spinal and pelvic chondrosarcoma.

Summary of Background Data.
The issue of competing risk has rarely been addressed and discussed in survival analysis of bone sarcoma. In addition, the Fine and Gray model, a more accurate method for survival analysis in the context of competing risk, has also been less reported in prognostic study of chondrosarcoma.

Methods.
A total of 623 patients with spinal or pelvic chondrosarcoma were identified from the SEER database and were divided into a training and a validation cohort. These two cohorts were used to develop and validate a prognostic model to predict the 3- and 5-year probability of CSD, considering non-CSD as competing risk. The C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive performance and clinical utility of the model.

Results.
Older age (subdistribution hazards ratio [SHR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01∼1.03; P = 0.013), high grade (SHR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.80∼3.99; P < 0.001), regional involvement (SHR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.06∼2.58; P = 0.026), distant metastasis (SHR: 5.18, 95% CI: 3.11∼8.62; P < 0.001) and radical resection (SHR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.24∼0.60; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the incidence of CSD. These factors were used to build a competing-risk-based model and a nomogram to predict CSD. The C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram performs well in predicting CSD and is suitable for clinical use.

Conclusion.
A competing-risk based prognostic model is developed to predict the probability of CSD of patients with spinal and pelvic chondrosarcoma. This nomogram performs well and is suitable for clinical use.

Level of Evidence: 4