bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Infectious Disease Propagation II, Focusing on Herd Immunity
Authors: Oldham William J. B. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction and Objectives: The results of simulations of the propagation of an infectious disease are presented. In managing and controlling the spread of an infectious disease, such as Covid-19, the concept of Herd Immunity (HI) is often invoked as to when the disease’s propagation will dwindle to acceptable levels. We have extended a previous work with explicit attention on the usefulness of this concept. The objectives of this research was to track the propagation of an infectious disease as a function of population density, time, and to evaluate HI. The population was divided into two groups. One group was protected from the infection. The second group was unprotected. The results are given as a percentage of the unprotected population that is infected as a function of time.
Methods: The method used here was to use computer simulation on a person level to follow the progress of the diseases infection across the population. In the beginning, the people are uniformly distributed in a square. Each person performed a random walk, which simulated the movement of the people. Infection rates are given for the unprotected portion of the population as a function of time. The disease was transferred from an infected person to an uninfected person if the two people are closer together than a given distance.
Results and Discussion: These simulations show the unprotected portion of the population was at total risk if proper measures are not taken early. For 400 unprotected people the infection rate is 100% after approximately 100,000 iterations. We give the results from one dual simulation in which protection was afforded for a significant part of the population and carried out until all of the unprotected were infected. In the second part the protection was lifted to see how fast the total population was infected. For the case of 50% protected it took 400,000 iterations to infect the unprotected people. After the restrictions were lifted it took 150,000 to infect the other half. The simulations here were people based which has the advantage of seeing individual personal involvement. Results of infection rates were calculated for 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 people.
Conclusions: The propagation of the disease can be fast and depends on population density. Protection is vital to containing the disease. Restrictions must be lifted carefully and slowly or the total population is again at risk. According to the results obtained here the concept of HI is not a viable concept in controlling or managing the spread of the disease.
Factors Inhibiting Clinical Laboratory Science Directors’ Using Distance Technology for Educational Purposes
Authors: Brooks Reed , Olmsted Jodi 
Published: September 2021

Problem: Workforce shortages in the diagnostic fields of health care prompted conducting a study about possible barriers or influences about using distance education for didactic delivery.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A population of 467 program directors was identified. Four hundred-sixty email addresses were functional. A convenience sample of 167 responded to an online survey about perceived barriers to using distance education for program delivery.
Results: Program directors responded about perceived barriers to using online, distance education as part of educational delivery for academic programming. Concerns included lack of quality of coursework, and students; along with lack of adequate equipment for offering distance education teaching, faculty workloads and lack of release time.
Conclusion: While distance education is a viable solution for offering diagnostic, didactic program content, perceived and real barriers to its use are impacting workforce development, especially in rural, health care and educational deserts.
Nano Fertilizer on Sustainable Agriculture- A Review
Authors: Dutta Debashis , Bera Anurag 
Published: September 2021

With an increment of population day by day the agriculture sector is facing a big issue with the production and the economics of production as well. In this scenario adoption of more efficient tools which could mitigate the drawbacks and led the agriculture in a sustainable way is the need of the hour. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture and forestry will help the environment to retain its biodiversity [1]. Nano fertilizers are synthesized or modified form of traditional fertilizers, fertilizers bulk materials or extracted from different vegetative or reproductive parts of the plant by different chemical, physical, mechanical or biological methods with the help of nanotechnology used to improve soil fertility, productivity and quality of agricultural produces [2].
In this particular scenario adoption of labour saving and well advanced technologies is badly needed. This could be mitigated by a eco-friendly technology of Nano-science [3]. Nano fertilizers can control nutrient release and give the proper amount of nutrients to crops in the right proportions, boosting yield while maintaining environmental safety [4]. A report by Dwairi [5] proposed that urea-impregnated zeolite may be utilised as a slow-release fertiliser, releasing nitrogen slowly and steadily from Nano zeolite. Zinc is one of the commonly deficient micronutrient in soil [6]. Chlorophyll formation, fertilisation, pollen function, and auxin synthesis all need zinc-containing nanomaterials. Zn is one of the elements that defend plants from drought conditions. [7]. A research by Raliya and Tarafdar in 2013 [8] showed that zinc oxide, Nano Particles were shown to improve chlorophyll content, protein synthesis, rhizospheric microbial activity, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phytase activity in a cluster bean rhizosphere. Copper has characteristics of first transported to shoot and then re translocated into root [9]. An experiment on moong bean (Vigna radiata) and wheat revealed that nano copper could penetrate cell membrane and conglomerate thereafter. Moong bean was found to be more sensitive regarding the toxicity of nano copper than wheat [10], (Rico et al. 2011)
Evaluation of Serum Level of Vitamin D in Patients with Female Pattern Hair Loss Thesis
Authors: Sadoma Manar Elsayed Taha , Rezk Hassan Ghada Fawzy , ALI Elbatsh Manal Mohamed , Ibrahim Zeinab AbdElsamd 
Published: September 2021

Background: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common cause of alopecia in women, characterized by diffuse non-scarring hair loss in frontal, central, and parietal areas of the scalp. Vitamin D is a factor that has recently been considered in dealing with these patients.
Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the serum level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D in patients with FPHL to elucidate its possible role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Methods: This study included 45 patients with female pattern hair loss; Evaluation of vitamin D level by Elisa was done for both control and patients.
Results: Regarding vitamin D levels, mean ± SD. 18.0 ± 11.97.
Conclusion: This study indicated the correlation between FPHL and decreased serum levels of Vitamin D3. It is recommended to evaluate serum Vitamin D3 levels as well as other hormone assays in these patients.
A Comparative Study on Personality Traits Based on High and Low Level of Resilience of High School Female Students
Authors: Sonam . , Sharma Dr. Malika , Sharma Lalit 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The Purpose of the current study was to compare personality traits of high school female students based on their Resilience level..
Place and Duration of Study: Government Girls Senior Secondary School No1 JJColony Bawana, Delhi, India, on 3rd Feb 2020.
Methodology: This is a comparative study with a quantitative research design involving 85 (eighty-five) female students, age ranges between 16-18 years (mean age 17.43 years) studying in class XII (humanities stream), from Sec- A, B and C from Government Girls Senior Secondary School No. 1 JJColony Bawana, Delhi were randomly selected as a sample of research. Every odd roll no student (Roll no. 1,3,5,7…) from Sec- A, B and C from GGSSS No. 1 JJC Bawana, Delhi were randomly selected as a sample of research. The standardized questionnaires of the Big Five Personality Test and Ego Resilience Scale were used as the tool of the study. The data was collected using both the questionnaires and interpreted using an Independent sample t-test at a significance level p<0.05.
Results: All 85 high school female students filled both of the questionnaires and in accordance with the findings of the analysis it was established that the average scores of resilient students in the extroversion (t (83)= 6.28, P=.00), openness to experience (t(83)=8.54, P=.00), agreeableness (t(83)=10.48, P=.00) and conscientiousness (t(83)=11.34, P=.00) were higher than non-resilient students. Just the mean scores of resilient students in neuroticism (t(83)= -6.71, P=.00) were lower than the mean scores of non-resilient students.
Conclusion: It is evident from the results that students with high Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience personality traits have higher resilience which helps them to recover from any obstacle and support them to approach new circumstances, people, or experiences with a positive mindset and confidence which ultimately will help them succeed.
Comparison of Selected Distraction Techniques to Alter Pain Responses among Children Receiving Immunization
Authors: Lalzampuii . , Maurya Archana 
Published: September 2021

Background: Immunization plays a vital role in global health for children. Children should have taken routine immunization universally for the prevention of diseases. While receiving immunization, most children are experiencing pain and show anxiety and sadness. In this study, the more effective distraction techniques between toys and music was compared which will also be necessary to apply to children in the forthcoming.
Objectives: 1) To assess the alter pain response by toys as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 2) To assess the alter pain response by music as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 3) To compare the alter pain responses by toys and music as a distraction technique among children receiving immunization. 4) To associate the alter pain responses with selected demographic variables.
Methods and Materials: An interventional research approach was used in this study with experimental research design. 60 samples were selected by Simple Random Sampling Technique. A structured demographic questionnaire and FLACC Pain Scale were used to collect the data. Follow-up period was not required as the response of the pain in both groups were immediately assessed during immunization. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software 22.0 and Chi square was used to find the association between the alter pain responses with demographic variables.
Results: The finding shows that the mean score of music was 4.33 with SD of ±1.32 when compared to toys 3.70 with SD of ±1.36. The measured ‘t’ value i.e. 2.07 was less than the tabulated value at 5% level of significance. Therefore, toys were more effective when compared to music as a distraction technique (P<0.05) to alter pain responses among children receiving immunization. There were no association between the alter pain responses with demographic variables.
Conclusion: As toys were found to be more effective to alter pain responses than music, a related study can be conducted to compare the alter pain responses between male and female children during immunization. This study recommends that a similar study can be replicated to compare and analyze the distraction techniques between male and female to alter pain responses among children.
Knowledge of Adults Regarding Tuberculosis in Selected Rural Community
Authors: George Rose Mary , Chauhan Mamta , Chauhan Akansha , Pragya . , Vandana . , Junaid . , Nitesh . , Yogita . , Lalit . 
Published: September 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. According to WHO, (2015) TB causes ill-health in millions of people each year and in 2015 TB was one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Globally there were 10.4 million new TB cases and 1.4 million TB deaths in 2015.A timely diagnosis and correct treatment can cure TB patients.
Objectives: Of the study were to assess the knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis, to develop and administer an information booklet regarding tuberculosis to adults, to associate the knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis with selected socio-demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative and non-experimental descriptive research design was used to collect data to assess the knowledge of adults regarding Tuberculosis. Analysis of the study consisted of section 1: Analysis of socio demographic variables, section 2: Analysis of knowledge scores of adults, section 3: Association of knowledge of adults regarding tuberculosis with selected socio demographic variable.
Results: The study revealed that 77% of the adults had poor level of knowledge while 23% of the adults had only average knowledge regarding tuberculosis. 45% of adults were in the age group of 51-60 years and 20% were in 30-40 years age group. Among the participants, 55% were males and 45% were females, 42% adults were living in nuclear family and 28% belonged to extended family, 42% of adults were having primary education whereas only 7% were graduated and above.
Conclusion: The knowledge regarding Tuberculosis was found to be poor among adults living in rural communities. Association was found between the religion of the adults and their knowledge scores. There was no significant association found between other demographic variables of the adults with their knowledge scores regarding tuberculosis.
A Clinical Case Report on Mitral Stenosis with Mental Retardation with Anemia with Sepsis
Authors: Sawarkar Achita , Kapase Deepali , Shambharkar Madhuri , Khandar Jaya , Sakharwade Prerna , Kasturkar Pooja 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Mitral stenosis (MS) may be a variety of valvular heart disease. Mitral stenosis is characterized by a narrowing of the mitral valve's orifice. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis today, yet the stenosis may appear clinically important just once in a lifetime [1]. Intellectual disability, with a prevalence of approximately 1 chronicle, may be a lifelong neurodevelopment disorder that impacts international cognitive talents and function perform or daily living skills [2].
Clinical Findings: Breathlessness, weakness, high blood pressure, pulmonary thrombus, anemia, disability to talk, face discoloration, not proper communication, weight loss.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Blood investigation Hb -9.1gm,mch-82.3fl,mch-29.6piegon,mchc-36%, Total RBC count-5.31million/cu.mm RDW- 12.7% ,hct 35%, Total WBC count- 13,300cu.mm ,monocytes -4%, Granulocytes- 85%, Lymphocytes -10%, Esonophils-1%,Basophilis -0% , Total platelets conut-11.3, cu. mm. Urea 32mg/dl, creatinine-0.9mg/dl,sodium-131mmol/dl , potassium 5.1 mmol/L. Despite the fact that the patient was not diabetic, the random blood sugar test revealed a level of 160 mg/dL. RBC increase, 2D echo impression thrombus present in heart, Intellectual disabilities present, high blood pressure, urine albumin present,
Therapeutic Intervention: Blood transfusion, and medical treatment.
Conclusion: 48 years old female was admitted to medicine ICU diagnosed with the case of mitral stenosis with mental retardation with anemia with sepsis and she had complained of Breathlessness, weakness, high blood pressure, pulmonary embolism, anemia, disability to talk, face discoloration, not proper communication, weight loss. patient show great improvement after getting the treatment and the treatment was still going on still my last date of care. The patient and her family underwent psychological stress, which was resolved to an extent by being an active listener and providing proper counseling.
Stability Demonstrating Validated High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Trilaciclib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Rafi Syed. , Rambabu Kantipudi 
Published: September 2021

Aims: New validated method for the estimation of Trilaciclib using HPLC and study of its degradation
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, RVR & JC College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, between February 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: Using an inertsil ODS column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µ), acetonitrile, and 0.1 percent ortho phosphoric acid (OPA) (50:50 v/v) as a mobile phase, the proposed method successfully achieved effective chromatographic separation with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wave length of 220 nm. Trilaciclib had a retention time of 4.358 minutes. The isocratic chromatography was performed at room temperature and took approximately six minutes to complete.
Results: Analysis was achieved within 6 min over an honest linearity within the concentration range from 3-45 µg/ml of Trilaciclib. Using a mathematical process, the suitability parameters of the system were investigated, and the results were found to be in acceptable limits. In a linear analysis, stages with regression coefficients of 0.999 were used. LOD and LOQ values were 0.038 μg/ml and 0.124 g/ml for trilaciclib. The drug was recovered at a rate of 98-102 percent, which means that the recovery is within reasonable limits.
Conclusion: The validation results were satisfactory, and the approach was found to be suitable for bulk and formulation analysis. The recommended procedure was found to be warranted according to ICH guidelines.
Marxismo e a questão ambiental: um debate introdutório
Authors: Costa César Augusto Soares da , Accioly Inny Bello , Lima Lucas Gama , Lemos Marcia S. , Cardoso Mario Mariano Ruiz 
Published: September 2021

O presente dossiê da revista Germinal reúne artigos que versam sobre o marxismo e a questão ambiental
Water‐Resistant Ionogel Electrode with Tailorable Mechanical Properties for Aquatic Ambulatory Physiological Signal Monitoring
Authors: Yu Zhenchuan , Wu Peiyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderwater electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring, which can monitor cardiac autonomic changes and arrhythmias during diving, is essential for sports management and healthcare. However, it is crucial yet rather challenging to achieve ECG monitoring in an aquatic environment because the interface electrodes may lose their functionality underwater. Here, an ionogel with tailorable mechanical properties is prepared by a facile one‐step polymerization and used as water‐resistant electrode. The Young's modulus and strain at break of the ionogel can be modulated in the range of 0.22–337 MPa and 349 to >10 000%, respectively. The hydrophobic polymer networks inside the ionogel endow this ionogel with excellent stability, adhesion, and self‐healing ability underwater. The ionic conductivity imparted by the free ionic groups inside the ionogel allows the ionogel to detect and transmit physiological electrical signals. Compared with commercial gel electrodes, this ionogel electrode demonstrates better adhesion ability, conductivity, and stability underwater. The ionogel electrode can collect real‐time ECG signals effectively both in the air and underwater, and the data can be used to warn users of the potential risk of a heart attack.
Both‐In‐One Hybrid Bacteria Suppress the Tumor Metastasis and Relapse via Tandem‐Amplifying Reactive Oxygen Species‐Immunity Responses
Authors: Sun Mengchi , Ye Hao , Shi Qinghua , Xie Jun , Yu Xiang , Ling Hao , You Song , He Zhonggui , Qin Bin , Sun Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacterial therapy, which targets the tumor site and aims at exerting an antitumor immune response, has displayed a great potential against malignant tumors. However, failure of the phase I clinical trial of Salmonella strain VNP20009 alone demonstrates that bacterial treatment alone can unsatisfy the requirements of high efficiency and biosafety. Herein, a strategy of both‐in‐one hybrid bacteria is proposed, wherein the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is integrated onto the surface of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)‐overexpressed non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain, to potentiate the antitumor efficacy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is produced by GDH from E. coli, promotes the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tumor, and ROS is then catalyzed by the DOX‐activated NADPH oxidases. Importantly, the hybrid bacteria enhance stimulated systemic antitumor immune responses, thereby leading to effective tumor eradication. When this strategy is applied in four different tumor models, the hybrid bacteria significantly inhibited tumor metastasis, postsurgical regrowth, and primary/distal tumor relapse. The both‐in‐one ROS‐immunity‐boosted hybrid bacteria strategy provides knowledge for the rational design of bacteria‐based synergistic cancer therapy.
Stem Cell Microarrays for Assessing Growth Factor Signaling in Engineered Glycan Microenvironments
Authors: Michalak Austen L. , Trieger Greg W. , Trieger Kelsey A. , Godula Kamil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtracellular glycans, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), provide an essential regulatory component during the development and maintenance of tissues. GAGs, which harbor binding sites for a range of growth factors (GFs) and other morphogens, help establish gradients of these molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote the formation of active signaling complexes when presented at the cell surface. As such, GAGs have been pursued as biologically active components for the development of biomaterials for cell‐based regenerative therapies. However, their structural complexity and compositional heterogeneity make establishing structure‐function relationships for this class of glycans difficult. Here, a stem cell array platform is described, in which chemically modified heparan sulfate (HS) GAG polysaccharides are conjugated to a gelatin matrix and introduced into a polyacrylamide hydrogel network. This array allowed for direct analysis of HS contributions to the signaling via the FGF2‐dependent mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. With the recent emergence of powerful synthetic and recombinant technologies to produce well‐defined GAG structures, a platform for analyzing both growth factor binding and signaling in response to the presence of these biomolecules will provide a powerful tool for integrating glycans into biomaterials to advance their biological properties and applications.