bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instilling innovation and entrepreneurship in engineering graduate students: Observations at the University of Calgary
Authors: Gates Ian D. , Wang Jingyi , Kannaiyan Ranjani , Su Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToday's employers not only want graduates who are critical thinkers and problem solvers that are able to work in teams, but also individuals that understand innovation and how to use entrepreneurial activities to move innovations to become benefits to society. For research‐based graduate students, this is even more desired, with emphasis on an understanding of innovation processes and the realization of the role that innovation plays for the survival and growth of existing corporations as well as the key contribution it makes in start‐up companies. Many engineering programs focus on traditional engineering attributes, and although these are essential elements that engineering graduates should learn through their training, little attention is paid to innovation and the conversion of innovations to realized impacts. Here, we review innovation and discuss our experience with trainees (graduate students and post‐doctoral scholars) and how to engage them in innovation activities. Our observation is that innovation is coachable and can be cultivated in research‐based trainees. We recommend nine actions (understanding the challenge, motivation, safe and mentored local environment, tolerance to failure, diversity, rewarding of passion, awareness of the external, internal‐external environment, and creative destruction and preservation) that trainees should be exposed to in order to promote innovation and entrepreneurial activities so that they can establish and/or strengthen their innovation and entrepreneurship muscles, which hopefully continues after they leave university.
Air quality: An inexpensive CO2 indicator for the classroom with LabPi
Authors: Wejner Manuel , Wilke Timm 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIm Zuge der anstehenden Öffnungen von Schulen für den Präsenzunterricht steht im Rahmen der Covid‐19‐Pandemie die Qualität von Raumluft besonders im Vordergrund. Die Kohlenstoffdioxid‐Konzentration ist dabei ein guter Indikator für die Luftqualität und Keimbelastung und kann vergleichsweise einfach erfasst werden. Im Artikel wird beschrieben, wie die CO2‐Konzentration mit der digitalen Messstation LabPi erfasst werden kann. Zusätzlich wird eine weitere LabPi‐Variante im Sinne einer CO2‐Ampel vorgestellt, die mit einfachen Materialien und kostenfreier Software selbst angefertigt werden kann.
Effect of Silymarin Treatment on Circulating Bilirubin and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Men: A Single‐Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Vidimce Josif , Pennell Evan Noel , Foo Maxmilian , Shiels Ryan Graeme , Shibeeb Sapha , Watson Michael , Bulmer Andrew Cameron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis clinical trial (ACTRN12619001296123) investigated the impact of silymarin (Legalon®) on circulating bilirubin concentration, lipid status, systemic inflammation, and antioxidant status. The study design was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind crossover trial of healthy men (18‐65 years), conducted at Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. Participants were recruited from Griffith University and were randomized to silymarin (140 mg silymarin capsules thrice daily) or placebo (3 capsules containing mannitol taken daily) for 14 days followed by a ≥4‐week washout and crossover to the other arm. The main outcomes were whether silymarin treatment would increase serum bilirubin concentration by >0.29 mg/dL, change serum lipid status (cholesterol and triglycerides), inflammation (c‐reactive protein), and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma) compared with baseline. Silymarin consumption (n = 17) did not affect serum concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (0.73 versus 0.67 mg/dL, P = .79), cholesterol (185 versus 189 mg/dL, P = .19), triglycerides (94.2 versus 92.3 mg/dL, P = .79), c‐reactive protein (0.17 versus 0.09 mg/dL, P = .23), or antioxidant status (6.61 versus 6.67 mg Fe2+/dL, P = .40). These findings challenge previous reports and manufacturer claims of hyperbilirubinemia following silymarin treatment and are critical to guiding researchers toward an effective means to mildly elevate bilirubin, which evidence suggests could protect from cardiovascular disease.
Lack of an Effect of Supratherapeutic Dose of Venlafaxine on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Abbas Richat , Riley Steve , Nepal Sunil , Bachinsky Mary , Lee Kimberly C. , Chappell Phillip B. , Damle Bharat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis single‐center, randomized, 3‐way crossover thorough QT study evaluated the effect of steady‐state supratherapeutic venlafaxine (Effexor) on cardiac repolarization. Fifty‐four healthy adults received double‐blinded extended‐release venlafaxine 450 mg/d and placebo and open‐label positive‐control moxifloxacin 400 mg. The postdose QT intervals corrected for heart rate using the Fridericia formula (QTcF) were assessed on day 14 with an analysis of covariance using a mixed‐effects model. At each time, the upper bound of the 2‐sided 90%CI for time‐matched least‐squares (LS) mean difference between venlafaxine and placebo did not exceed the predefined cutoff of 10 milliseconds; the highest 90%CI upper bound was 5.8 milliseconds 24 hours postdose, demonstrating the lack of effect of venlafaxine on the QTc interval (primary objective). Assay sensitivity was established because the lower bound of the 2‐sided 90%CI for LS mean difference in QTcF between moxifloxacin and placebo was 7.413 milliseconds on day 14 (postdose 3 hours). The exposure‐response analysis demonstrated no evidence of increase in QTcF with increase in venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine concentrations. Also, supratherapeutic venlafaxine was found to be safe and well tolerated. Overall, the results demonstrated the lack of significant prolongation of the QTc interval with supratherapeutic venlafaxine 450 mg/d.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Dose and Multiple Doses of Allisartan Isoproxil, an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker, in Healthy Chinese People
Authors: Yi Wu , Yan Peiyuan , Lin Sisi , Hao Rui , Wang Yannan , Yu Jin , Fang Lu , Zhu Jingjing , Zhao Di , Tong Shengjia , Si Yongkai , Ye Tiantian , Wu Zeyu , Qin Zhiquan , Huang Hua , Deng Chongyang , Sun Jingchao , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAllisartan isoproxil (AI) is a blocker of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single‐ and multiple‐dose AI in healthy Chinese individuals. Participants were assigned to receive AI or placebo. Plasma concentration of EXP3174 (carboxylic acid derivative) was measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental methods. Twelve subjects were enrolled, and the ratio of men to women was 5:1. Main pharmacokinetic parameters of EXP3174 after single and multiple doses of AI were a mean maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) of 2242 ± 1037 ng/mL and median time to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 3.5 hours (2.5‐8 hours). The median Tmax, at steady state was 4.0 hours (1.5‐8 hours). The mean Cmax at steady state (Cmax, SS) was 2047 ± 1050 ng/mL. In terms of EXP3174, there was no significant difference in the Cmax, SS, area under the curve from time zero to 24 hours of quantifiable concentration at steady state (AUC0–24 SS), and AUC0‐72 after multiple doses of AI. Serious adverse events did not occur. These data suggest that AI is safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese individuals at a single dose of 480 or 480 mg once daily for 7 days.
Regulation of spatial distribution of BMP ligands for pattern formation
Authors: Montanari Martti P. , Tran Ngan Vi , Shimmi Osamu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor‐ß (TGF‐ß) family, have been shown to contribute to embryogenesis and organogenesis during animal development. Relevant studies provide support for the following concepts: (a) BMP signals are evolutionarily highly conserved as a genetic toolkit; (b) spatiotemporal distributions of BMP signals are precisely controlled at the post‐translational level; and (c) the BMP signaling network has been co‐opted to adapt to diversified animal development. These concepts originated from the historical findings of the Spemann‐Mangold organizer and the subsequent studies about how this organizer functions at the molecular level. In this Commentary, we focus on two topics. First, we review how the BMP morphogen gradient is formed to sustain larval wing imaginal disc and early embryo growth and patterning in Drosophila. Second, we discuss how BMP signal is tightly controlled in a context‐dependent manner, and how the signal and tissue dynamics are coupled to facilitate complex tissue structure formation. Finally, we argue how these concepts might be developed in the future for further understanding the significance of BMP signaling in animal development.
Emerging roles ofMT‐MMPsin embryonic development
Authors: Moracho Natalia , Learte Ana I. R. , Muñoz‐Sáez Emma , Marchena Miguel A. , Cid María A. , Arroyo Alicia G. , Sánchez‐Camacho Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMembrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases (MT‐MMPs) are cell membrane‐tethered proteinases that belong to the family of the MMPs. Apart from their roles in degradation of the extracellular milieu, MT‐MMPs are able to activate through proteolytic processing at the cell surface distinct molecules such as receptors, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other pericellular proteins. Although most of the information regarding these enzymes comes from cancer studies, our current knowledge about their contribution in distinct developmental processes occurring in the embryo is limited. In this review, we want to summarize the involvement of MT‐MMPs in distinct processes during embryonic morphogenesis, including cell migration and proliferation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, cell polarity and branching, axon growth and navigation, synapse formation, and angiogenesis. We also considered information about MT‐MMP functions from studies assessed in pathological conditions and compared these data with those relevant for embryonic development.
The role of Gdf5 in the development of the zebrafish fin endoskeleton
Authors: Waldmann Laura , Leyhr Jake , Zhang Hanqing , Allalou Amin , Öhman‐Mägi Caroline , Haitina Tatjana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe development of the vertebrate limb skeleton requires a complex interaction of multiple factors to facilitate the correct shaping and positioning of bones and joints. Growth and differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) is involved in patterning appendicular skeletal elements including joints. Expression of gdf5 in zebrafish has been detected in fin mesenchyme condensations and segmentation zones as well as the jaw joint, however, little is known about the functional role of Gdf5 outside of Amniota.ResultsWe generated CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of gdf5 in zebrafish and analyzed the resulting phenotype at different developmental stages. Homozygous gdf5 mutant zebrafish displayed changes in segmentation of the endoskeletal disc and, as a consequence, loss of posterior radials in the pectoral fins. Mutant fish also displayed disorganization and reduced length of endoskeletal elements in the median fins, while joints and mineralization seemed unaffected.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the importance of Gdf5 in the development of the zebrafish pectoral and median fin endoskeleton and reveals that the severity of the effect increases from anterior to posterior elements. Our findings are consistent with phenotypes observed in the human and mouse appendicular skeleton in response to Gdf5 knockout, suggesting a broadly conserved role for Gdf5 in Osteichthyes.
The stoichiometric signature of high‐frequency fire in forest floor food webs
Authors: Butler Orpheus M. , Lewis Tom , Maunsell Sarah C. , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Elser James J. , Mackey Brendan , Chen Chengrong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFire regimes are shifting under climate change. Decadal‐scale shifts in fire regime can disrupt the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) within forest ecosystems, but the full extent of these disruptions is unknown. It is also unclear whether these disruptions have consequences for the ecological characteristics (e.g., biomass, abundance, and composition) of microbial and invertebrate communities, which together comprise the majority of terrestrial biodiversity and underpin many ecosystem processes. The theoretical framework of ecological stoichiometry has great potential in this context, but it has rarely been used to develop an integrated understanding of the biogeochemical and ecological effects of altered fire regime across trophic levels. Using one of the world's longest‐running fire experiments, located in Queensland, Australia, we carried out a comprehensive investigation into the stoichiometric consequences of a decadal‐scale divergence in prescribed fire frequency and their links to coinciding changes in various ecological characteristics of forest floor microbial and invertebrate communities. Compared to long‐term fire exclusion, forty‐three years of biennial burning led to significantly N‐depleted and/or P‐enriched stoichiometry in soil, leaf litter, leaf litter–associated microbial biomass, and certain groups of invertebrates, although total invertebrate community stoichiometry was not affected. Microbial biomass was 42% lower in biennially burned soils. Invertebrate community composition differed between fire regime treatments on some sampling dates, but fire regime did not have consistent effects on invertebrate biomass or abundance. Microbial biomass and the abundances of some invertebrate taxa were depressed at particularly low and/or high resource N:P, consistent with a coupling of these variables to the stoichiometric effects of decadal‐scale fire regime. Litter transplants likewise indicated that some invertebrate abundances were sensitive to litter properties over 12 months. Together, our results indicate that long‐term changes in fire regime can decouple the within‐ecosystem cycling of N and P, with N and P cycling growing more and less conservative, respectively, under high‐frequency fire in a way that propagates throughout forest floor food webs. Our study provides new insights into the coupled biogeochemical and ecological responses of forest ecosystems to novel fire regimes and establishes a basis for a stoichiometric framework for fire ecology.
Temporal change in inflammatory biomarkers and risk of cardiovascular events: the Multi‐ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shabani Mahsima , Bakhshi Hooman , Ostovaneh Mohammad R. , Ma Xiaoyang , Wu Colin O. , Ambale‐Venkatesh Bharath , Blaha Michael J. , Allison Matthew A. , Budoff Matthew J. , Cushman Mary , Tracy Russell P. , Herrington David M. , Szklo Moyses , Cox Christopher , Bluemke David A. , Lima João A.C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsLittle is known about the association of temporal changes in inflammatory biomarkers and the risk of death and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association between temporal changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and risk of heart failure (HF), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all‐cause mortality in individuals without a history of prior CVD.Methods and resultsParticipants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort with repeated measures of inflammatory biomarkers and no CVD event prior to the second measure were included. Quantitative measures, annual change, and biomarker change categories were used as main predictors in Cox proportional hazard models stratified based on sex and statin use. A total of 2258 subjects (50.6% female, mean age of 62 years) were studied over an average of 8.1 years of follow‐up. The median annual decrease in CRP levels was 0.08 mg/L. Fibrinogen and IL‐6 levels increased by a median of 30 mg/dL and 0.24 pg/mL annually. Temporal changes in CRP were positively associated with HF risk among females (HR: 1.18 per each standard deviation increase, P < 0.001) and other CVD in both female (HR: 1.12, P = 0.004) and male participants (HR: 1.24, P = 0.003). The association of CRP change with HF and other CVD was consistently observed in statin users (HR: 1.23 per SD increase, P = 0.001 for HF and HR: 1.19 per SD increase, P < 0.001 for other CVD). There were no significant associations between temporal changes of fibrinogen or IL‐6 with HF or other CVD. Men with sustained high values of IL‐6 had a 2.3‐fold higher risk of all‐cause mortality (P < 0.001) compared with those with sustained low values.ConclusionsTemporal change in CRP is associated with HF only in women and statin users, and other CVD in both women and men, and statin users. Annual changes in fibrinogen and IL‐6 were not predictive of cardiovascular outcomes in either sex.
A hybrid intelligent busbar protection strategy using hyperbolic S‐transforms and extreme learning machines
Authors: Rahimnejad Abolfazl , Gil Milad , Abdoos Aliakbar , Gadsden S. Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn power systems, busbars connect important components such as generators, transmission lines, and loads. A typical fault occurrence on the busbar may result in the isolation of faulty sections from other normally operating parts of the system resulting from differential protection operation. Although the main busbars' protection scheme is differential protection, its operation is significantly affected by magnetic saturation of the current transformer (CT), particularly during external fault occurrence or energizing power transformers. Saturation of the CT may generate a spurious differential current and is the main reason for the differential scheme malfunctioning. Previous research presented different methods to modify and improve busbars' differential protection scheme. However, there has been lack of a comprehensive study to assess the efficiency of the busbar protection scheme regarding all involved, and influencing aspects including various fault types, energizing power transformer, (high) fault resistance, fault angle (changing from 0° to 360°), and the angle of the sources. Thus, in this study, a hybrid intelligent busbar protection scheme is proposed and the effects of all these factors are investigated. The proposed strategy utilizes the hyperbolic S‐transform as a signal processing technique to extract an efficient feature that is able to discriminate internal faults from other abnormal modes, that is, external faults and inrush current under CT saturation. To obtain this goal, a learning‐based classification method known as extreme learning machines is used to classify the system conditions based on the selected features. The proposed protection scheme was found to have low sensitivity to CT saturation and noise and was able to accurately detect internal faults from half a cycle to one cycle of the power system depending on the fault resistance.
Improving thermal and flame retardant properties of sorbitol‐based bioepoxy systems by phosphorus‐based flame retardants
Authors: Aljamal Amer , Szolnoki Beáta , Marosi György 
Published: July 2021

SummaryFlame‐retarded sorbitol‐based bioepoxy resins cured with cycloaliphatic amine hardener and containing different commercially available additive‐type flame retardants (FRs) have been prepared. Three different oxidation states of phosphorus, aluminium diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) (+1), phosphonate polyol (+3), ethyl ethylene glycol phosphate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) (+5), have been studied. The effect of using melamine cyanurate with APP and AlPi has been assessed. The self‐extinguishing V‐0 rating according to UL‐94 flammability standard tests and very good limiting oxygen index for combustion are displayed for most flame‐retarded samples at 3 wt% phosphorus content. The flame retardancy effect for the additives was confirmed using cone calorimetry. The samples containing MC with APP at 3%P content showed a dramatic reduction of the total heat release by 60% and reduction of the peak of heat release rate by 70% compared to the reference epoxy matrix. The addition of these FRs together did not decrease the glass transition temperature significantly.
Adapted fairness benchmarks for the evaluation of Iran health system reform
Authors: Mojdehkar Reyhaneh , Jahangiri Katayoun , Hajinabi Kamran , Riahi Leila 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study has been designed to localize fairness benchmarks for the evaluation of health system reform with an ethical approach.MethodsA descriptive‐analytic study was applied in which a questionnaire with selected indicators and based on main fairness benchmarks was validated. Besides, the final indicators were chosen for surveys of 255 health equity experts from 31 provinces of Iran to localize fairness benchmarks using the exploratory factor analysis through the SPSS software.ResultsSeven fairness benchmarks were adopted: (1) Efficacy, Efficiency, and Quality of Health Care; (2) Impact of Information Infrastructure on Health Reform; (3) Responsiveness; (4) Equitable Access, and Universal Health Coverage; (5) Equitable Financing; (6) Social Determinant of Health; and (7) Financial Barriers to Equitable Access.ConclusionThe priorities of fairness benchmarking through localization included focusing on the quantity and quality of primary health care, allocating resources based on the need; for equitable efficiency, and paying attention to community‐based information infrastructure, and social determinants for fair reform. Moreover, respecting patient rights as a part of democratic accountability was more close to equity. Elimination of financial and nonfinancial barriers for health access and coverage based on vulnerability, through fair financing, was also confirmed.
Functional premature closure of the fetal foramen ovale: A case report
Authors: Ju Shuang , Dong Shan , Song Li , Zhuo Qingcui , Liu Xiaoyue , Zhang Youzhong , Zheng Wenqian , Zhou Yan , Fang Yan 
Published: July 2021

SynopsisA velamentous placenta and umbilical cord torsion may be important contributing factors for premature functional foramen ovale closure. Before major complications develop, the infantile prognosis is usually good.
Sparse change‐point VAR models
Authors: Dufays Arnaud , Li Zhuo , Rombouts Jeroen V.K. , Song Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChange‐point (CP) VAR models face a dimensionality curse due to the proliferation of parameters that arises when new breaks are detected. We introduce the Sparse CP‐VAR model which determines which parameters truly vary when a break is detected. By doing so, the number of new parameters to be estimated at each regime is drastically reduced and the break dynamics becomes easier to be interpreted. The Sparse CP‐VAR model disentangles the dynamics of the mean parameters and the covariance matrix. The former uses CP dynamics with shrinkage prior distributions, while the latter is driven by an infinite hidden Markov framework. An extensive simulation study is carried out to compare our approach with existing ones. We provide applications to financial and macroeconomic systems. It turns out that many off‐diagonal VAR parameters are zero for the entire sample period and that most break activity is in the covariance matrix. We show that this has important consequences for portfolio optimization, in particular when future instabilities are included in the predictive densities. Forecasting‐wise, the Sparse CP‐VAR model compares favorably to several time‐varying parameter models in terms of density and point forecast metrics.