bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience summary of 11 patients undergoing autogenous tooth transplantation by using the undersized third molar as the donor tooth
Authors: Guangjie Xu , Rui Hou , Xiaoyong Hui , Yongqing Li , Xia Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the clinical effect of autogenous tooth transplantation with the undersized third molar as a donor tooth.Material and methodsThe general situation, donor tooth and recipient area, timing of the operation, intraoperative and post‐operative treatments and curative effect evaluation of 11 patients undergoing autogenous transplantation of the third molar were analysed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 11 patients undergoing autogenous tooth transplantation, including 4 males and 7 females, with an average age of (34.9 ± 7.5) years. Among the donor teeth, 8 were located in the maxilla and 3 in the mandible. In the recipient area, 7 affected teeth needed to be extracted because they could not be reserved, and 4 teeth had been extracted. The recipient area was located in the anterior area in 2 patients, the premolar area in 6 patients and the molar area in 3 patients. Six patients underwent simultaneous tooth extraction and autogenous tooth transplantation, 5 patients underwent two‐stage transplantation, and all patients underwent elastic fixation of the transplanted teeth. During the operation, 8 patients only underwent soft tissue preparation, 3 patients underwent soft and hard tissue preparation, and 4 patients underwent guided bone regeneration. All 11 patients underwent improved root canal treatment, of whom, 9 patients underwent crown restoration. The mean post‐operative follow‐up time was (24.82 ± 16.41) months, the success rate was 90.91% and the survival rate was 100%.ConclusionsThe third molar can be used as the donor tooth for autogenous tooth transplantation with a higher success rate.
Levels of 15‐HETE and TXB2 in exhaled breath condensates as markers for diagnosis of childhood asthma and its therapeutic outcome
Authors: Chen Li‐Chen , Tseng Hsu‐Min , Kuo Ming‐Ling , Chiu Chih‐Yung , Liao Sui‐Ling , Su Kuan‐Wen , Tsai Ming‐Han , Hua Man‐Chin , Lai Shen‐Hao , Yao Tsung‐Chieh , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Wu Ai‐Hsuan , Yu Hsiu‐Yueh , Huang Jing‐Long , Huang Shau‐Ku 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of eicosanoids is associated with asthma and a composite of oxylipins, including exhaled leukotriene B4 (LTB4), characterizes childhood asthma. While fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as the standard for monitoring steroid responsiveness, the potential utility of eicosanoids in monitoring the therapeutic outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to examine the levels of major eicosanoids representing different metabolic pathways in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) of children with asthma during exacerbation and after treatment.MethodsLevels of 6 exhaled eicosanoid species in asthmatic children and healthy subjects were evaluated using ELISA.ResultsIn addition to those previously reported, including LTB4, the levels of exhaled 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15‐HETE), but not thromboxane B2 (TXB2), showed significant difference between asthmatics (N = 318) and healthy controls (N = 97), particularly the severe group showed the lowest levels of exhaled 15‐HETE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed similar distinguishing power for the levels of 15‐HETE, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second), and FeNO, while the 15‐HETE/LTB4 ratio was significantly lower in subjects with asthma as compared to that of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of asthmatics (N = 75) during exacerbation and convalescence showed significant improvement in lung function (FEV1, p < .001), but not FeNO, concomitant with significantly increased levels of 15‐HETE (p < .001) and reduced levels of TXB2 (p < .05) at convalescence, particularly for those who at the top 30% level during exacerbation. Further, decreased LTB4 and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) at convalescence were noted only in those at the top 30 percentile during exacerbation.ConclusionThe exhaled 15‐HETE was found to discriminate childhood asthma while decreased levels of exhaled TXB2 and increased levels of 15‐HETE were prominent at convalescence.
Operations and outcomes of a Hospital‐wide Emergency Airway Response Team (HEART) in a quaternary academic children’s hospital
Authors: Venkatachalam Shakthi Jayanthy , Garcia‐Marcinkiewicz Annery , Giordano Rita , Stow Joanne , Lioy Janet , Javia Luv , Tay Khoon‐Yen , Romer Amy , Soorikian Leane , Napolitano Natalie , McCloskey John , Nadkarni Vinay , Fiadjoe John , Nishisaki Akira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo improve pediatric airway management outside of the operating room, a Hospital‐wide Emergency Airway Response Team (HEART) program composed of anesthesiology, otorhinolaryngology, and respiratory therapy clinicians was developed.AimsTo report processes and outcomes of HEART activations in a quaternary academic children's hospital.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study between January 2017 and December 2019. Local airway emergency database was reviewed for HEART activations. Additional safety data was obtained from patients’ electronic health records. Primary outcome: Adverse airway outcomes, either adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events or oxygen desaturation (SpO2 <80%). We compared airway management by primary teams before HEART arrival and by HEART after arrival.ResultsOf 96 HEART activations, 36 were from neonatal intensive care unit, 35 from pediatric and cardiac intensive care units, 14 from emergency department, and 11 from inpatient wards. 56 (62%) children had airway anomalies and 41/96 (43%) were invasively ventilated. Median HEART arrival time was 5 min (interquartile range, 3–5). 56/96 (58%) required insertion of an advanced airway (supra/extra‐glottic airway, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy tube). HEART succeeded in establishing a definitive airway in 53/56 (94%). Adverse airway outcomes were more common before (56/96, 58%) versus after HEART arrival (28/96, 29%; absolute risk difference 29%; 95% confidence interval 16, 41%; p < .001). Oxygen desaturation occurred more frequently before (46/96, 48%) versus after HEART arrival (24/96, 25%; absolute risk difference 23%; 95% confidence interval 11, 35%; p = .02). Cardiac arrests were more common before (9/96, 9%) versus after HEART arrival (3/96, 3%). Multiple (≥3) intubation attempts were more frequent before (14/42, 33%) versus after HEART arrival (9/46, 20%; absolute risk difference −14%; 95% confidence interval −32, 5%; p = .15).ConclusionsA multidisciplinary emergency airway response team plays an important role in pediatric airway management outside of the operating room. Adverse airway outcomes were more frequent before compared to after HEART arrival.
The association between mobile devices use and behavior problems among fourth grade children in Japan
Authors: Okada Shusho , Doi Satomi , Isumi Aya , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: June 2021

AimPrevious studies showed mixed evidence on the association between duration of mobile devices usage and behavior problems among children. We aimed to examine this association using a large population‐based sample of fourth grade children (i.e. aged 9–10 years old), stratified by gender.MethodsQuestionnaires with anonymous unique identifiers were distributed to 4th grade students (aged 9–10 years old) at all public schools in Adachi City, Tokyo (n = 4,105). Duration of mobile devices usage was self‐reported, and behavior problems were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire by caregivers. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for potential confounders such as socioeconomic status, family social capital, and number of friends.ResultsAmong boys, U‐shape association was found between duration of mobile devices usage and behavior problems; boys with usage time of less than 1 h showed 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.50 to −0.27] point lower total difficulty score in comparison with boys who do not use mobile devices, and total difficulty score among boys with usage time of 1 h or more was not different with non‐users. Among girls, dose–response positive association was found between duration of mobile devices usage and total difficulty score (P for trend: <0.001).ConclusionAmong children aged 9–10 years old, mobile devices usage time of less than 1 h was a protective factor for behavior problems in boys, while usage time of 1‐h or more was a risk factor in girls. Further longitudinal study is warranted to confirm the findings.
Cardiorespiratory optimal point during exercise testing is related to cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Laukkanen Jari A. , Kunutsor Setor K. , Araújo Claudio G. , Savonen Kai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) during exercise may be a potentially clinically useful cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variable, but its prognostic relevance for adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes is unknown. We aimed to assess the association of COP during exercise with fatal mortality outcomes and the extent to which COP could improve the prediction of CVD mortality. Cardiorespiratory optimal point, the minimum value of the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) in a given minute of a CPET, was defined in 2,205 men who underwent CPET. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for outcomes and measures of risk discrimination for CVD mortality were calculated. During a median follow‐up of 28.8 years, 402 fatal CHDs, 607 fatal CVDs, and 1,348 all‐cause mortality events occurred. COP was continually associated with each outcome in a dose‐response manner. On adjustment for established and emerging risk factors, the HRs (95% CIs) for fatal CHD, fatal CVD, and all‐cause mortality were 3.05 (1.94–4.81), 2.82 (1.91–4.18) and 2.46 (1.85–3.27), respectively, per standard deviation increase in COP. After further adjustment for high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, the HRs were 2.82 (1.78–4.46), 2.57 (1.73–3.81), and 2.27 (1.70–3.02), respectively. Addition of COP to a CVD mortality risk prediction model containing established risk factors was associated with a C‐index change of 0.0139 (0.0040 to 0.0238; p = 0.006) at 25 years. COP during exercise is directly associated with fatal cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality events in dose‐response fashions. COP during exercise may improve the prediction of the long‐term risk for CVD mortality.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly and population genetic analysis of a critically endangered rhododendron provide insights into its conservation
Authors: Ma Hong , Liu Yongbo , Liu Detuan , Sun Weibang , Liu Xiongfang , Wan Youming , Zhang Xiujiao , Zhang Rengang , Yun Quanzheng , Wang Jihua , Li Zhenghong , Ma Yongpeng 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYRhododendrons are woody plants, famous throughout the world as having high horticultural value. However, many wild species are currently threatened with extinction. Here, we report for the first time a high‐quality, chromosome‐level genome of Rhododendron griersonianum, which has contributed to approximately 10% of all horticultural rhododendron varieties but which in its wild form has been evaluated as critically endangered. The final genome assembly, which has a contig N50 size of approximately 34 M and a total length of 677 M, is the highest‐quality genome sequenced within the genus to date, in part due to its low heterozygosity (0.18%). Identified repeats constitute approximately 57% of the genome, and 38 280 protein‐coding genes were predicted with high support. We further resequenced 31 individuals of R. griersonianum as well as 30 individuals of its widespread relative R. delavayi, and performed additional conservation genomic analysis. The results showed that R. griersonianum had lower genetic diversity (θ = 2.58e−3; π = 1.94e−3) when compared not only to R. delavayi (θ = 11.61e−3, π = 12.97e−3), but also to most other woody plants. Furthermore, three severe genetic bottlenecks were detected using both the Stairway plot and fastsimcoal2 analysis, which are thought to have occurred in the late Middle Pleistocene and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. After these bottlenecks, R. griersonianum recovered and maintained a constant effective population size (>25 000) until now. Intriguingly, R. griersonianum has accumulated significantly more deleterious mutations in the homozygous state than R. delavayi, and several deleterious mutations (e.g., in genes involved in the response to heat stress) are likely to have harmed the adaptation of this plant to its surroundings. This high‐quality, chromosome‐level genome and the population genomic analysis of the critically endangered R. griersonianum will provide an invaluable resource as well as insights for future study in this species to facilitate conservation and in the genus Rhododendron in general.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: June 2021

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 6Francisca Serrano, University of Granada, SpainJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanVeronica Velasco Gonzalez, University of Valladolid, Spain Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Burden, treatment use, and outcome of secondary mitral regurgitation across the spectrum of heart failure: observational cohort study
Authors: Bartko Philipp E , Heitzinger Gregor , Pavo Noemi , Heitzinger Maria , Spinka Georg , Prausmüller Suriya , Arfsten Henrike , Andreas Martin , Gabler Cornelia , Strunk Guido , Mascherbauer Julia , Hengstenberg Christian , Hülsmann Martin , Goliasch Georg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To define prevalence, long term outcome, and treatment standards of secondary mitral regurgitation (sMR) across the heart failure spectrum.

Design
Large scale cohort study.

Setting
Observational cohort study with data from the Viennese community healthcare provider network between 2010 and 2020, Austria.

Participants
13 223 patients with sMR across all heart failure subtypes.

Main outcome measures
Association between sMR and mortality in patients assigned by guideline diagnostic criteria to one of three heart failure subtypes: reduced, mid-range, and preserved ejection fraction, was assessed.

Results
Severe sMR was diagnosed in 1317 patients (10%), correlated with increasing age (P<0.001), occurred across the entire spectrum of heart failure, and was most common in 656 (25%) of 2619 patients with reduced ejection fraction. Mortality of patients with severe sMR was higher than expected for people of the same age and sex in the same community (hazard ratio 7.53; 95% confidence interval 6.83 to 8.30, P<0.001). In comparison with patients with heart failure and no/mild sMR, mortality increased stepwise with a hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.38, P<0.001) for moderate and 1.82 (1.64 to 2.02, P<0.001) for severe sMR. The association between severe sMR and excess mortality was consistent after multivariate adjustment and across all heart failure subgroups (mid-range ejection fraction: hazard ratio 2.53 (95% confidence interval 2.00 to 3.19, P<0.001), reduced ejection fraction: 1.70 (1.43 to 2.03, P<0.001), and preserved ejection fraction: 1.52 (1.25 to 1.85, P<0.001)). Despite available state-of-the-art healthcare, high volume heart failure, and valve disease programmes, severe sMR was rarely treated by surgical valve repair (7%) or replacement (5%); low risk transcatheter repair (4%) was similarly seldom used.

Conclusion
Secondary mitral regurgitation is common overall, increasing with age and associated with excess mortality. The association with adverse outcome is significant across the entire heart failure spectrum but most pronounced in those with mid-range and reduced ejection fractions. Despite these poor outcomes, surgical valve repair or replacement are rarely performed; similarly, low risk transcatheter repair, specifically in the heart failure subsets with the highest expected benefit from treatment, is seldom used. The current data suggest an increasing demand for treatment, particularly in view of an expected increase in heart failure in an ageing population.
Analgesic effects of intravenous ketamine after spinal anaesthesia for non-elective caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Adhikari Prahlad , Subedi Asish , Sah Birendra Prasad , Pokharel Krishna 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if low dose intravenous ketamine is effective in reducing opioid use and pain after non-elective caesarean delivery.DesignProspective, randomised, double-blind.SettingTertiary hospital, Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, NepalParticipants80 patients undergoing non-elective caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia.InterventionsPatients were allocated in 1:1 ratio to receive either intravenous ketamine 0.25 mg/kg or normal saline before the skin incision.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the total amount of morphine equivalents needed up to postoperative 24 hours. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative pain scores, time to the first perception of pain, maternal adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, hypotension, shivering, diplopia, nystagmus, hallucination) and neonatal Apgar score at 1 and 5 min, neonatal respiratory depression and neonatal intensive-care referral.ResultsThe median (range) cumulative morphine consumption during the first 24 hours of surgery was 0 (0–4.67) mg in ketamine group and 1 (0–6) mg in saline group (p=0.003). The median (range) time to the first perception of pain was 6 (1–12) hours and 2 (0.5–6) hours in ketamine and saline group, respectively (p<0.001). A significant reduction in postoperative pain scores was observed only at 2 hours and 6 hours in the ketamine group compared with placebo group (p<0.05). Maternal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsIntravenous administration of low dose ketamine before surgical incision significantly reduced the opioid requirement in the first 24 hours in patients undergoing non-elective caesarean delivery.Trial registration numberNCT03450499.
Changing the narrative around obesity in the UK: a survey of people with obesity and healthcare professionals from the ACTION-IO study
Authors: Hughes Carly A , Ahern Amy L , Kasetty Harsha , McGowan Barbara M , Parretti Helen M , Vincent Ann , Halford Jason C G 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and potential barriers to effective obesity care in the UK using data collected from people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the Awareness, Care, and Treatment In Obesity maNagement–International Observation (ACTION-IO) study.DesignUK’s PwO (body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 based on self-reported height and weight) and HCPs who manage patients with obesity completed an online survey.ResultsIn the UK, 1500 PwO and 306 HCPs completed the survey. Among the 47% of PwO who discussed weight with an HCP in the past 5 years, it took a mean of 9 years from the start of their struggles with weight until a discussion occurred. HCPs reported that PwO initiated 35% of weight-related discussions; PwO reported that they initiated 47% of discussions. Most PwO (85%) assumed full responsibility for their own weight loss. The presence of obesity-related comorbidities was cited by 76% of HCPs as a top criterion for initiating weight management conversations. The perception of lack of interest (72%) and motivation (61%) in losing weight was reported as top reasons by HCPs for not discussing weight with a patient. Sixty-five per cent of PwO liked their HCP bringing up weight during appointments. PwO reported complex and varied emotions following a weight loss conversation with an HCP, including supported (36%), hopeful (31%), motivated (23%) and embarrassed (17%). Follow-up appointments were scheduled for 19% of PwO after a weight discussion despite 62% wanting follow-up.ConclusionsThe current narrative around obesity requires a paradigm shift in the UK to address the delay between PwO struggling with their weight and discussing weight with their HCP. Perceptions of lack of patient interest and motivation in weight management must be challenged along with the blame culture of individual responsibility that is prevalent throughout society. While PwO may welcome weight-related conversations with an HCP, they evoke complex feelings, demonstrating the need for sensitivity and respect in these conversations.Trial registration numberNCT03584191.
Comparison of treatment efficacy between 100% platelet-rich plasma and 100% serum eye drops in moderate-to-severe dry eye disease: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Jongkhajornpong Passara , Numthavaj Pawin , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Lekhanont Kaevalin , McKay Gareth , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDry eye disease (DED) is a common eye problem. Although the disease is not fatal, it substantially reduces quality of life and creates a high economic burden, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe DED. Several biological tear substitutes (eg, autologous serum (AS), autologous platelet-rich plasma (APRP) and autologous platelet lysate) could effectively improve dry eyes. However, evidence on their comparative efficacy is controversial. This study aims to compare the efficacy of 100% APRP with 100% AS eye drops in patients with moderate-to-severe DED.Methods and analysisThe study is a single-centre, double-blinded randomised, parallel, non-inferiority trial. One hundred and thirty patients with moderate-to-severe DED, aged 18–70 years will be recruited from outpatient clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok from February 2021 to January 2023. Patients will be randomised to receive either 100% APRP or 100% AS eye drops (1:1 ratio) for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and ocular surface staining (OSS) evaluated using the Oxford scale. Secondary outcomes are fluorescein break-up time, Schirmer’s I test, meibomian gland parameters and adverse events. Other measured outcomes include best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and compliance.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and any supplements used in conducting this trial have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University (MURA2020/1930). Informed consent will be obtained from all patients before study entry. Results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04683796.