bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of school bullying on adolescent migration expectations in Iceland
Authors: Bjarnason Thoroddur , Haartsen Tialda , Arnarsson Arsaell M. , Sigurgeirsdottir Vanda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdolescent migration expectations are shaped by various background characteristics, social relations, and lifestyle considerations. However, the impact of negative social experiences in adolescent society on migration expectations received limited attention. Research on the social consequences of school bullying has nevertheless demonstrated that bullying often leads to social withdrawal and place avoidance. In this study, we examine the potential effects of being bullied in school on adolescent migration expectations in rural, exurban, and urban communities in Iceland. We find adolescents who are regularly bullied to be about twice as likely to expect to move within the country or abroad. Interestingly, there are no significant differences across the rural–urban continuum in this respect. The results are discussed in the context of prior research on migration intentions and the social consequences of bullying.
Understanding internal migration trends in OECD countries
Authors: Alvarez Maximiliano , Bernard Aude , Lieske Scott N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough the decline in the level of internal migration has been the focus of growing scholarly attention, little attention has been paid to countries with increasing or stable intensities. As a result, it is not clear why internal migration is declining in some countries but not in others. This paper seeks to address this gap by establishing variations in internal migration trends in 18 OECD countries and determining the economic, demographic and social factors underpinning them. We assemble a time series of annual interregional migration intensities from 1996 to 2018. We find that all non‐European countries report a downward trend, whereas in Europe, eight countries exhibit an upward trend, four do not display a significant trend in either direction, and Poland shows a modest decline. We use a country fixed‐effect dynamic panel data model to distinguish long‐ and short‐term associations. The results show that a reduction in the proportion of young adults and regional inequalities decreases interregional migration whereas a rise in information technologies and net international migration increases interregional migration in the long term. Only regional income inequalities affect the intensity of migration in both the short and the long term. Although the different paces at which these factors evolve explain some of the heterogeneity in internal migration trends, they do not fully account for the downward trend in non‐European countries. Panel time series are valuable for understanding internal migration trends and effort should be geared towards the inclusion of more countries, extended periods and additional explanatory variables.
A robust permutation test for the concordance correlation coefficient
Authors: Hutson Alan D. , Yu Han 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we developed a robust permutation test for the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) for testing the general hypothesis H0 : ρc = ρc(0). The proposed test is based on an appropriately studentized statistic. Theoretically, the test is proven to be asymptotically valid in the general setting when two paired variables are uncorrelated but dependent. This desired property was demonstrated across a range of distributional assumptions and sample sizes in simulation studies, where the test exhibits robust type I error control in all settings tested, even when the sample size is small. We demonstrated the application of this test in two real world examples across cardiac output measurements and endocardiographic imaging.
Impact of short‐term bilberry supplementation on glycemic control, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and antioxidant status in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chan Sze Wa , Chu Tanya T. W. , Choi Siu Wai , Benzie Iris F. F. , Tomlinson Brian 
Published: February 2021

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which are powerful antioxidants and reported to have antiinflammatory, antidyslipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic effects. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of bilberry supplementation on biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profile, antioxidant, and inflammatory status in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Twenty patients were randomized to receive either bilberry supplementation (1.4 g/day of extract) daily for 4 weeks followed by 6 weeks of washout and then an additional 4 weeks of matching placebo or vice versa. Blood pressure, metabolic parameters, antioxidant status, and oxidative stress were measured before and after each period. Results showed no effect on body weight, blood pressure, or lipid profile. HbA1c was reduced by 0.31 ± 0.58% during bilberry supplementation, but this change was not significantly different from that with placebo. Antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status showed no significant differences across treatments. This short‐term study of bilberry supplementation did not show significant effects on cardiovascular risk factors or antioxidant status, but the tendency for improved glycemic control may suggest a longer treatment period may be effective in diabetic patients.
Neuro‐adaptive distributed output‐feedback containment control for multiagent systems with nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear dynamics and input constraints
Authors: Peydayesh Amirhossein , Arefi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, distributed adaptive controllers are designed for containment control of multiagent systems (MASs) with high‐order nonlinear dynamics in nonstrict‐feedback form. To broaden the application horizon, the agents' dynamics are considered heterogeneous, and the control saturation is taken into account. Moreover, the agents' dynamics, as well as their full state information, are assumed unknown. An adaptive observer is designed in the first step for each agent to estimate the agents' states using available output measurements. An adaptive backstepping controller is then integrated with the observer to solve the containment control problem. The computational complexity of the controller is reduced by adopting the command filtered adaptive backstepping approach to the containment control of MASs. The effect of the input saturation is also compensated by employing an auxiliary system throughout the design procedure. The proposed control approach guarantees that the states of all agents are cooperatively semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and containment errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented control algorithm is confirmed by a simulation example.
Observer‐based quantized state feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with external disturbance
Authors: Ren Wei , Xiong Junlin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article studies the quantized feedback stabilization problem for nonlinear control systems with external disturbance. To ensure the transmission data rate as minimal as possible, a coarse quantizer is applied, and the quantization procedure has two stages: zooming‐out stage and zooming‐in stage. To detect the effects of the disturbance and to utilize quantization regions as less as possible, both zooming‐out stage and zooming‐in stage are divided into two substages. Based on the quantization mechanism with four substages, a new control strategy is proposed. Using the proposed control strategy and the state trajectory based method, the state feedback stabilization is studied, and sufficient conditions are established to guarantee input‐to‐input stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the derived results.
Robust model predictive control of uncertain nonlinear time‐delay systems via control contraction metric technique
Authors: Duan Zhengyi , Wei Caisheng , Xie Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the problem of robust model predictive control (MPC) for uncertain nonlinear time‐delay systems. In order to reduce the computational conservativeness of the existing robust MPC given in the min–max optimization formulation, a novel tube‐based MPC method is investigated via exploring MPC and control contraction metric (CCM) technique. Based on the Kyapunov–Krasovskii arguments, the MPC is designed as a nominal controller to generate a reference trajectory. By constructing a functional formulation of the inner product on tangent space, the CCM technique is applied to develop a local ancillary controller to guarantee the actual trajectory being contained within a robust invariant tube. In addition, to alleviate the burden of computing geodesic in the design of CCM technique, we propose a direct method using the neural network to search for the minimal geodesic online. By employing the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, this method improves the efficiency of online calculation with high accuracy. Finally, numerical simulation is employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of increasing water activity on the relationship between water vapor sorption and clay content
Authors: Song Xue , Chen Chong , Arthur Emmanuel , Tuller Markus , Zhou Hu , Ren Tusheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dependence of the relationship between hygroscopic water content (θh) and clay content on water activity is not well understood. Here, we determined the correlation coefficients between θh(or the slope of soil water vapor adsorption isotherms,Svai) and clay content at nine water activity levels (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9) and investigated the evolution of correlation coefficients with increasing water activity for 65 soils with mixed and illitic clay mineralogy. The correlation coefficient between θh0.1(water content at a water activity of 0.1) and clay content was the lowest (.82) due to the differences in soil‐specific hydration processes. At the water activity range from 0.1 to 0.6, theSvaishowed stronger correlations (r= .91–.93) with clay content than θh0.1because the multilayer sorption controlled by van der Waals force is related to clay content. When water activity increased from 0.1 to 0.6, the observed strong correlation betweenSvaiand clay content resulted in an increase of correlation coefficient between θhand clay content from .82 to .96. Compared with the correlation (r = .96) between θhand clay content at the beginning of condensation process, a weaker correlation (r= .87–.92) betweenSvaiand clay content was observed during condensation process, which led to a slight strengthening of the correlation between θhand clay content at high water activities (>0.6). This was explained by the different clay particle properties and water activity thresholds for initiation of condensation.
Health Literacy Profiling in Persons with Psoriasis – A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Larsen M.H. , Hermansen Å. , Borge C.R. , Strumse Y. Staalesen , Andersen M.H. , Wahl A.K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore health literacy (HL) profiles within a cohort of people with psoriasis. A cluster approach identifies groups of individuals that have similar HL profiles. The method unmasks sub-groups with particular HL strengths, or subgroups with limitations, which require tailored healthcare services to improve.

Methods
A cross-sectional sample of 792 patients from the Norwegian Climate Helio Therapy Programme in Gran Canaria participated. The HL questionnaire assessed nine HL dimensions. Using Ward's Hierarchical Clustering Method (Stata version 16), we looked for subgroups of patients across the dimensions. We also explored whether these clusters had specific demographic features and associations to outcomes such as psoriasis knowledge, quality of life and self-management capacity.

Result
The analysis revealed four unique clusters identifying clinically meaningful subgroups. Two groups stood out as especially interesting. One cluster representing 26.6% of the sample presented severe HL limitations associated with lower psoriasis knowledge, quality of life, self-management and self-efficacy. HL domains connected to cooperation with healthcare professionals showed deficient scores. The other cluster included a smaller percentage (7.7%) with high HL compared to the total sample. This cluster was associated with higher self-management, quality of life and better self-efficacy.

Conclusion
The cluster analysis revealed substantial differences in HL profiles within the sample. These results support the importance of a holistic understanding of the HL needs and the vulnerabilities within a psoriasis cohort. Implementing one size fits all approaches, may not be sufficient in psoriasis context to target HL.
Conformation Transition Kinetics of Silk Fibroin in Aqueous Solution Explored Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Sora , Kim Soo Hyun , Jo You‐Young , Ju Wan‐Taek , Kim Hyun‐Bok , Kweon HaeYong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) solution is characterized by its structural instability. Despite many efforts to uncover the structural features of SF, the time‐dependent conformation transition behaviors of SF solutions prepared under different conditions have not yet been investigated in detail. Therefore, in this study, the conformation transition changes of SF were dynamically monitored in an aqueous state using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analysis. CD spectra of SF continuously change during ethanol treatment and storage, showing growth with a positive peak at 197 nm and a negative peak at 218 nm, consistent with β‐sheet development. Additionally, the time points for SF to begin and complete changing structures, including its changing rates, were confirmed. In particular, the transition kinetics follow the one‐phase exponential decay function, quantitatively showing a longer dissolution time and lower storage temperature delay for the development of β‐sheets with lower rate constants. In conclusion, our investigation provides useful information on the intrinsic properties of SF and environmental factors that can affect the structural stability of SF.
Modeling the mindfulness‐to‐meaning theory's mindful reappraisal hypothesis: Replication with longitudinal data from a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hanley Adam W. , de Vibe Michael , Solhaug Ida , Farb Norman , Goldin Phillipe R. , Gross James J. , Garland Eric L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Mindfulness to Meaning Theory provides a detailed process model of the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote well‐being. Central to the Mindfulness to Meaning Theory is the mindful reappraisal hypothesis (MRH), which suggests mindfulness training promotes well‐being by facilitating positive reappraisal. Emerging evidence from interconnected domains of research supports the MRH. However, it remains unclear whether mindful reappraisal continues to develop after a mindfulness training course and whether this continued development encourages well‐being over time. As such, this randomized controlled study compared participants receiving a mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) course with participants receiving no mindfulness training on positive reappraisal use and well‐being over the course of 6 years. Latent growth curve modeling revealed that mindfulness training increased well‐being by significantly increasing the trajectory of positive reappraisal over time. The MRH was then unpacked by examining whether MBSR also stimulated decentering and broadened awareness, core components of the MRH. Multivariate path analysis revealed that mindfulness training increased decentering, which in turn broadened awareness, which was then associated with positive reappraisal, ultimately promoting well‐being. Taken together, these findings suggest that MBSR cultivates a downstream cascade of adaptive psychological processes that continue to promote quality of life 6‐years after mindfulness training.
Nanoporous Metal Phosphonate Hybrid Materials as a Novel Platform for Emerging Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Lv Xian‐Wei , Weng Chen‐Chen , Zhu Yun‐Pei , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanoporous metal phosphonates are propelling the rapid development of emerging energy storage, catalysis, environmental intervention, and biology, the performances of which touch many fundamental aspects of portable electronics, convenient transportation, and sustainable energy conversion systems. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields in terms of the fascinating pore properties, the structural periodicity, and versatile skeletons of porous metal phosphonates. This review presents recent milestones of porous metal phosphonate research, from the diversified synthesis strategies for controllable pore structures, to several important applications including adsorption and separation, energy conversion and storage, heterogeneous catalysis, membrane engineering, and biomaterials. Highlights of porous structure design for metal phosphonates are described throughout the review and the current challenges and perspectives for future research in this field are discussed at the end. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational preparation of porous metal phosphonate materials and promote further applications to meet the urgent demands in emerging applications.
Boosting Room Temperature Phosphorescence Performance by Alkyl Modification for Intravital Orthotopic Lung Tumor Imaging
Authors: Gao Heqi , Gao Zhiyuan , Jiao Di , Zhang Jingtian , Li Xiaolin , Tang Qiyun , Shi Yang , Ding Dan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in various applications, particularly in bioimaging. However, it is still a challenge to manufacture organic RTP materials possessing quite high efficiency and long lifetime, owing to the high requirements for triplet excitons. In this study, a series of keto derivatives with efficient RTP in crystals are developed through the regulation of molecular aggregation states by simple alkyl groups, resulting in impressive luminescence performance with a longer lifetime and higher efficiency of up to 868 ms and 51.59%, respectively. All the alkyl‐substituted derivatives exhibit bright RTP intensities after heavy grinding with a pestle, indicating their robust RTP features, which are suitable for many fields. Encouraged by the excellent RTP performance of these luminogens in the crystalline state, successful orthotopic lung tumor imaging with a high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of 65 is demonstrated in this study to provide the promise of pure organic RTP materials for disease diagnosis, which hold the advantages of low autofluorescence interference and high signal‐to‐background ratio.
Porous Carbon Nitride Thin Strip: Precise Carbon Doping Regulating Delocalized π‐Electron Induces Elevated Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Luoming , Liu Jianan , Zhou Jing , Jiao Yanqing , Xiao Xudong , Zhao Chen , Zhou Yang , Ye Sheng , Jiang Baojiang , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe photocatalytic efficiency of polymeric carbon nitride is hampered by high carrier recombination rate and low charge transfer. Herein, these issues are addressed by constructing 1D strip‐like carbon nitride with a large π‐electron conjugated system from carbon‐doping, realizing the synchronization control of its electronic structure and morphology. Nicotinic acid, a monomer with the carboxyl group and pyridine ring, and melamine are selected for assembling the strip‐like supramolecular via hydrogen bond under hydrothermal process. Both peripheral pyridine unit and hydrogen bond have significant effect on self‐assembly process of nicotinic acid and melamine along one dimension to form a strip‐like precursor. Subsequently, 1D thin porous strip‐like carbon nitride is obtained by calcination treatment of precursor. The as‐prepared 1D strip‐like carbon nitride with effective π delocalization from carbon‐doping and porous structure can accelerate charges and mass transfer and provide extra active sites. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that carbon doping (pyridine heterocycle) narrows the bandgap via manipulating the band position and increases the π electron density. Thus, the 1D porous thin strip‐like carbon nitride realizes compelling hydrogen evolution rate (126.2 µmol h−1), far beyond (≈18 fold) the value of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) (7.2 µmol h−1) under visible light irradiation.
Dynamic bond stress‐slip model for smooth bars in concrete under transverse tensile‐compressive stresses
Authors: Li Xin‐Ru , Wu Zhi‐Min , Zheng Jian‐Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost old‐type reinforced concrete (RC) buildings reinforced with smooth bars are often subjected to dynamic loads and the structural joints are usually in a complex tensile‐compressive stress state. To evaluate the safety and durability of RC structures with the finite element method, the dynamic bond performance of smooth bars in concrete under transverse tensile‐compressive stresses needs to be well understood. Therefore, an experimental study including 248 pull‐out specimens is performed to characterize the dynamic bond properties of smooth bars in concrete under transverse tensile‐compressive stresses. Based on the experimental results and other data, the effects of various factors on the peak bond stress, the slip at the peak bond stress, and the shape of the softening branch are analyzed in detail. With two bond parameters and one shape parameter, a simple bond stress‐slip model is proposed. Through comparison with experimental results, the validity of the model is verified.
Re‐envisioning the ESOL classroom through a virtues‐based curriculum: Contributions to critical dialogic education
Authors: Karam Fares J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnglish for speakers of other languages (ESOL) classrooms for recently arrived immigrant English learners are important contexts to help students acquire language skills and adapt to the host country’s social norms. In the United States, resources on how to help these learners navigate moral and cultural norms expected in the school system are almost nonexistent, and there is limited research on this topic. Framed in critical dialogic education (Kibler, Valdés, & Walqui, 2020), this study addressed this gap by examining one ESOL teacher’s implementation of her self‐designed virtues‐based curriculum and how she negotiated classroom interactions with one of her refugee‐background students. Data included fieldnotes from observations, interviews, and classroom artifacts. Findings reveal that the teacher adopted critical and dialogic approaches to implementing her curriculum, creating opportunities for the student to assume the role of a legitimate partner in classroom talk. More importantly, he engaged in critical dialogic interactions not only with teachers or peers, but with his own dynamic beliefs, critically interrogating these beliefs and his perceptions of the world and the inequalities in it. The author presents theoretical and pedagogical implications for how critical dialogic education can facilitate students’ academic and social adjustment in ESOL contexts.