bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescent nano‐bioprobes based on NIR dye/lanthanide nanoparticle composites
Authors: Lu Shan , Ke Jianxi , Li Xingjun , Tu Datao , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light, which has ignorable tissue scattering/absorption, minimal photodamage, and no autofluorescence interference, is highly favorable for bioapplications. NIR dye and lanthanide‐doped nanoparticle (LnNP), as representative NIR‐excited luminescence probes, have attracted increasing interest due to their unique optical property and low biological toxicity. Design of luminescence probes based on NIR dye/LnNP nanocomposites cannot only integrate the advantages but also achieve additional functions via regulating internal energy transfer pathways. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in the development of NIR dye/LnNP nanocomposites as potential bioprobes, which cover from their fundamental photophysics to bioapplications, including energy transfer mechanisms, interface engineering (involving binding interaction, distance, and aggregation as key factors), and their applications for dye‐sensitized upconversion/downshifting luminescent bioimaging, detection of biomolecules, and NIR‐triggered diagnosis and therapy. Some future prospects and efforts toward this active research field are also envisioned.
Anthracycline treatment, cardiovascular risk factors and the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients from the modern treatment era
Authors: Boddicker Nicholas J. , Larson Melissa C. , Castellino Alessia , Herrmann Joerg , Inwards David J. , Thanarajasingam Gita , Maurer Matthew J. , Allmer Cristine , Witzig Thomas E. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Habermann Thomas M. , Villarraga Hector R. , Slager Susan L. , Cerhan James R. , Thompson Carrie A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in long‐term survivors of lymphoma is of increasing importance. Here, we characterize the cumulative incidence and risk factors for CVD in lymphoma patients diagnosed in the current treatment era. From 2002–2015, newly diagnosed lymphoma patients (>18 years) were enrollment into a prospective cohort study that captured incident CVD, consisting of congestive heart failure (CHF), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), valvular heart disease (VHD), and arrhythmia. The cumulative incidence of CVD was calculated with death modeled as a competing risk. We estimated the association of treatment with anthracyclines or radiotherapy and traditional CVD risk factors with incidence of CVD using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated from Cox regression. After excluding prevalent CVD at lymphoma diagnosis, the study consisted of 3063 patients with a median age of 59 years (range 18–95). The cumulative incidence of CVD at 10‐years was 10.7% (95% CI, 9.5%–12.1%). In multivariable analysis, increasing age (HR = 1.05 per year, p < 0.001), male sex (HR = 1.36, p = 0.02), current smoker (HR = 2.10, p < 0.001), BMI > 30 kg/m2 (HR = 1.45, p = 0.01), and any anthracycline treatment (HR = 1.57, p < 0.001) were all significantly associated with risk of CVD. Anthracyclines were associated with increased risk of CHF (HR = 2.71, p < 0.001) and arrhythmia (HR = 1.61, p < 0.01), but not VHD (HR = 0.84, p = 0.58) or ACS (HR = 1.32, p = 0.24) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. Even in the modern treatment era, CVD remains common in lymphoma survivors and preventive efforts are required that address both treatment and CVD risk factors.
Diagnostic criteria for apathy in neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Miller David S. , Robert Philippe , Ereshefsky Larry , Adler Lawrence , Bateman Daniel , Cummings Jeff , DeKosky Steven T. , Fischer Corinne E. , Husain Masud , Ismail Zahinoor , Jaeger Judith , Lerner Alan J. , Li Abby , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Manera Valeria , Mintzer Jacobo , Moebius Hans J. , Mortby Moyra , Meulien Didier , Pollentier Stephane , Porsteinsson Anton , Rasmussen Jill , Rosenberg Paul B. , Ruthirakuhan Myuri T. , Sano Mary , Zucchero Sarracini Carla , Lanctôt Krista L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionApathy is common in neurocognitive disorders (NCD) but NCD‐specific diagnostic criteria are needed.MethodsThe International Society for CNS Clinical Trials Methodology Apathy Work Group convened an expert group and sought input from academia, health‐care, industry, and regulatory bodies. A modified Delphi methodology was followed, and included an extensive literature review, two surveys, and two meetings at international conferences, culminating in a consensus meeting in 2019.ResultsThe final criteria reached consensus with more than 80% agreement on all parts and included: limited to people with NCD; symptoms persistent or frequently recurrent over at least 4 weeks, a change from the patient's usual behavior, and including one of the following: diminished initiative, diminished interest, or diminished emotional expression/responsiveness; causing significant functional impairment and not exclusively explained by other etiologies.DiscussionThese criteria provide a framework for defining apathy as a unique clinical construct in NCD for diagnosis and further research.
Mechanical and magnetic response of magneto‐rheological elastomers with different types of fillers and their hybrids
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Park Sang‐Jun , Lee Dong‐Joo , Park Sang‐Shin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of secondary reinforcing fillers such as graphene or multi‐wall carbon nanotube (CNT) for improving mechanical properties is an effective strategy to obtain high performance magneto‐rheological elastomers (MREs). Therefore, MREs were prepared via solution mixing of room‐temperature‐vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV‐SR) and iron oxide (Fe3O4), and hybridized with iron wire, Few‐layer graphene (FLG), and CNT as secondary nanofillers. The isotropic mechanical properties were studied through compressive tests, and their compressive moduli and reinforcing factors were determined. From these studies, it was found that CNT‐based hybrid MREs show the highest compressive mechanical properties. For example, at 80 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), the compressive modulus was 3.5 MPa (RTV‐SR/Fe3O4), 4.1 MPa (RTV‐SR/Fe3O4‐FLG), 5.5 MPa (RTV‐SR/Fe3O4‐CNT), and 3.7 MPa (RTV‐SR/Fe3O4‐iron wires). A nanofiller with higher aspect ratio (CNT), has a strong effect on the isotropic mechanical properties, whereas a lower aspect ratio nanofiller (FLG) has a greater effect on magnetic sensitivity. Although iron wires with lower specific surface areas can only improve the mechanical properties slightly, they can improve the magnetic sensitivity of MREs because of its stronger magnetic behavior.
Is obsessive–compulsive personality disorder related to stress‐related exhaustion?
Authors: Gulin Susanne , Ellbin Susanne , Jonsdottir Ingibjörg H. , Lindqvist Bagge Ann‐Sophie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecovery from stress‐related diagnoses can, in some cases, be long‐lasting, and several different factors could be related to such a lengthy recovery. One plausible aspect is obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), which has previously been seen to be related to stress‐related mental health. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether recovery from exhaustion disorder (ED) is associated with OCPD.MethodsThis study includes data from 147 patients (78% women, mean age 52.4 ± 9.8 years) who have been treated for ED. Clinical assessment was performed 7–10 years after first seeking care identifying patients with residual exhaustion. Symptoms of OCPD were concomitantly measured and several aspects of work‐ and private‐related stress exposure.ResultsThe main result of this study is that patients with residual clinical ED report OCPD to a greater extent, compared with patients who no longer fulfill the clinical criteria for ED, 7–10 years after seeking care. Patients with OCPD that have not recovered report “excessive devotion to work” to a higher degree than patients with OCPD that have recovered.ConclusionThe results indicate that factors related to OCPD may be of clinical importance for the patient's recovery from ED. However, prospective studies should be conducted and studies elucidating whether symptoms of exhaustion among patients with OCPD can be affected by therapeutic interventions.
Two, four, six, eight…why we want to participate: Motivations and barriers to LGBTQ+ activism
Authors: Montagno Michelle J. , Garrett‐Walker J. J. , Ho Jennifer T. T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe qualitative content analysis examines the motivations and barriers to engagement in activism of 1360 LGBTQ+ people (Mage = 21.05, SD = 7.46). Data on motivators and barriers to activism were collected through force choice and write‐in responses. Content analysis of the write‐in responses revealed six themes for motivation for activist participation (social justice, empathy for others, internal motivation, personal experience with heterosexism, improving one's own situation, and build LGBTQ+ community) and six themes for barriers to activism (lack of resources, concern about others' disapproval, lack of opportunity, concerns about safety, disagree with practices/attitudes of some groups, and no interest/lack of commitment). This study adds to the understanding of various motivations and impediments to activism by understanding engagement or lack of engagement in activism in participants' own words, which can help make opportunities for activism more accessible to more individuals in the LGBTQ+ community.
Amplification of DDR2 mediates sorafenib resistance through NF‐κB/c‐Rel signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qing‐Quan , Liu Yu‐Wen , Xie Yuan‐Kang , Zhang Jian‐Hong , Song Cai‐Xin , Wang Jian‐Zhong , Xie Bin‐Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSorafenib was the first systemic therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, sorafenib therapy is frequently accompanied by drug resistance. We aimed to explore the mechanisms of sorafenib resistance and provide feasible solutions to increase the response to sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. The expression profile of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in HCC tissues and cells was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting assays. The effects of DDR2 on sorafenib resistance were examined using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation, TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and flow cytometry assays. The effect of DDR2 on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was evaluated by luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, qPCR and flow cytometry assays. We demonstrated that DDR2 expression was dramatically upregulated in sorafenib‐resistant HCC tissues relative to sensitive tissues. Downregulation of DDR2 sensitized HCC cell lines to sorafenib cytotoxicity. Further analysis showed that DDR2 could increase the nuclear location of REL proto‐oncogene, a NF‐κB subunit, to mediate NF‐κB signaling. Blocking NF‐κB signaling using the NF‐κB signaling inhibitor, bardoxolone methyl, increased the response of HCC cells to sorafenib. Further analysis showed that DNA amplification of DDR2 is an important mechanism leading to DDR2 overexpression in HCC. Our results demonstrated that DDR2 is a potential therapeutic target in patients with HCC, and targeting DDR2 represents a promising approach to increase sorafenib sensitivity in patients with HCC.
Herbage responses and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of bermudagrass–legume mixtures
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux, José C. B. , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Blount Ann R. S. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Jaramillo David M. , Garcia Liza , Abreu Daciele S. , Souza Rayanne T. , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is an importantwarm‐season grass for livestock in the southern United States. To be productive, bermudagrass requires supplementary N. This 2‐yr study assessed whether N fertilization could be halved by introducing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or rhizoma peanut (RP; Arachis glabrata Benth.) into ‘Tifton‐85’ bermudagrass monocultures without compromising productivity. Treatments were: bermudagrass, N‐fertilized bermudagrass, alfalfa (‘Alfagraze 600 RR’), RP (‘Florigraze’), and the mixtures bermudagrass–alfalfa and bermudagrass–RP. Mixtures were fertilized with 45 kg N ha–1 harvest–1, whereas N‐fertilized bermudagrass received 90 kg N ha–1 harvest–1. Seven harvests were made each year. Nitrogen‐fertilized bermudagrass and mixtures had similar total herbage accumulation (HA) in 2017, but mixtures produced approximately 3,340 kg DM ha–1 yr–1 less than N‐fertilized bermudagrass in 2016, which had a drier summer. Percentage of alfalfa in the mixtures decreased from 68 to <1% by the end of the study. Rhizoma peanut proportion in mixtures was often low (max. 8%). Nitrogen‐fertilized bermudagrass had the greatest total harvested N in May of 2016 (96 kg N ha–1), but it did not differ from bermudagrass–RP in May of 2017. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) was greater for mixtures (27.5 kg DM kg–1 N applied) than for N‐fertilized bermudagrass (21 kg DM kg–1 N applied). Greater NAE in mixtures occurred due to limited response to high N fertilization rates in the N‐fertilized bermudagrass. Further studies on establishment methods, cultivar selection, and management practices are still needed to adopt a successful bermudagrass–legume mixture in northern Florida.
The up‐to‐date pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hara Toshiro , Yamamura Kenichiro , Sakai Yasunari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of an unknown aetiology. A small proportion of children exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) or infected by Yersinia reproducibly develop principal symptoms of KD in various ethnic areas, but not in all studies. These microbes provoke a rapid cell‐damaging process, called ‘pyroptosis’, which is characterised by a subsequent release of proinflammatory cellular components from damaged endothelial and innate immune cells. In agreement with these molecular events, patients with KD show elevated levels of damage‐associated molecular patterns derived from cell death. In addition, an overwhelming amount of oxidative stress‐associated molecules, including oxidised phospholipids or low‐density lipoproteins, are generated as by‐products of inflammation during the acute phase of the disease. These molecules induce abnormalities in the acquired immune system and activate innate immune and vascular cells to produce a range of proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, proteases and reactive oxygen species. These responses further recruit immune cells to the arterial wall, wherein inflammation and oxidative stress closely interact and mutually amplify each other. The inflammasome, a key component of the innate immune system, plays an essential role in the development of vasculitis in KD. Thus, innate immune memory, or ‘trained immunity’, may promote vasculitis in KD. Hence, this review will be helpful in understanding the pathophysiologic pathways leading to the development of principal KD symptoms and coronary artery lesions in patients with KD, as well as in subsets of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Yersinia infections.
Triflic Acid Promoted Transformations of Linear‐Conjugated Enynones and their Reactions with Arenes. Synthesis of Dihydropyranones, Conjugated Dienones, and Indanes
Authors: Zalivatskaya Anna S. , Golovanov Alexander A. , Boyarskaya Irina A. , Kruykova Mariya A. , Khoroshilova Olesya V. , Vasilyev Aleksander V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLinear‐conjugated enynones,1,5‐diarylpent‐4‐en‐2‐yn‐1‐ones [Ar2−CH=CH−C≡C−C(=O)Ar1], have been cyclized into 2,6‐diaryl‐2,3‐dihydropyran‐4‐ones in triflic acid TfOH (CF3SO3H). Reactions of these enynones with arenes Ar3H in TfOH have afforded, at first stage, products of hydroarylation of the acetylene bond, 1,3,5‐triarylpent‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ones [Ar2−CH=CH−C(Ar3)=CH−C(=O)Ar1], which have been further cyclized into alkylidene indanes. Plausible reaction mechanisms have been proposed. According to quantum chemical calculations by DFT method, initial key reactive intermediates are vinyl type dications [Ar2−CH=CH−C+=CH−C(=O+H)Ar1], generated under the protonation of carbonyl oxygen and acetylene bond of starting enynones in TfOH.
Improved Synthesis of 1‐Glycosyl Thioacetates and Its Application in the Synthesis of Thioglucoside Gliflozin Analogues
Authors: Feng Guang‐Jing , Wang Shuang‐Shuang , Lv Jian , Luo Tao , Wu Yuzhou , Dong Hai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn improved method to synthesize 1‐glycosyl thioacetates was developed, where per‐O‐acetylated glycoses were allowed to directly react with potassium thioacetate (KSAc) in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O in ethyl acetate under mild conditions. This method not only overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional one‐step method, which is that the odorous and toxic thioacetic acid has to be used, but also overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional two‐step method, which is that the unstable intermediate, glycosyl halide, has to be synthesized from the per‐O‐acetylated glycose in advance. Based on this, the per‐O‐acetylated glucosyl disulfide and the per‐O‐acetylated glucosyl 1‐thiol were efficiently synthesized in high yields (91 % and 90 % respectively) starting from per‐O‐acetylated glycoses in two‐step without the need to isolate intermediate products. Through metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of per‐O‐acetylated glucosyl 1‐thiol with aryl‐iodide under very mild conditions, two thioglucoside gliflozin analogues were efficiently synthesized in high yields for the first time. These two thioglucoside gliflozin analogues were further confirmed to be stable to hydrolysis of β‐glucosidase.
Protein mapping of peanut extract with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Villemet Loïc , Cuchet Aurélien , Desvignes Christophe , Sänger–van de Griend Cari E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein separation can be achieved with different modes of capillary electrophoresis, such as with capillary gel electroporesis (CGE) or with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). CZE protein mapping of peanut extract was approached in four different ways, combining neutral‐coated or multilayer‐coated capillaries with pHs well over or under the isoelectric point range of the proteins of interest. At acidic pHs, the mobility ranges of the major peanut allergens Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, and Ara h6 were identified. Although the pH is a major factor in CZE separation, buffers with different compositions but with the same pH and ionic strength showed significantly different resolutions. Different components of the electrolyte were studied in a multifactorial design of experiment. CE‐SDS and CZE proved to be suitable for protein mapping and we were able to distinguish different batches of peanut extract and burned peanut extract.
Circ_0009910 shuttled by exosomes regulates proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating miR‐5195‐3p/GRB10 axis
Authors: Wang Di , Ming Xi , Xu Jinhuan , Xiao Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe exosomes are involved in intercellular communication via RNA trafficking in human diseases. Hsa_circ_0009910 (circ_0009910) is a novel leukemia‐related circular RNA. However, the mechanism of circ_0009910 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell‐to‐cell communication remained obscure. Expression of circ_0009910, miRNA (miR)‐5195‐3p and growth factor receptor‐bound protein 10 (GRB10) was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. A stable cell coculture model was established and functional experiment was performed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. The interaction among circ_0009910, miR‐5195‐3p and GRB10 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. As a result, circ_0009910 was upregulated in AML bone marrows and cells (HL‐60 and MOLM‐13), even higher in AML cells‐derived exosomes. Functionally, blocking circ_0009910 via small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, but facilitated apoptosis rate of HL‐60 and MOLM‐13 cells, accompanied with lower B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) level and higher Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax) level. circ_0009910 shuttled via exosomes negatively regulated miR‐5195‐3p expression by target binding. Furthermore, circ_0009910 knockdown via exosomes and miR‐5195‐3p overexpression via mimic resulted in similar results of circ_0009910 siRNA in proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of AML cells. Meanwhile, the role of circ_0009910 knockdown in AML cells was partially reversed by miR‐5195‐3p deletion, and restoring GRB10 could abrogate miR‐5195‐3p effect as well. Notably, GRB10 was a downstream target of miR‐5195‐3p. circ_0009910‐containing exosomes mediated proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of AML cells partially through miR‐5195‐3p/GRB10 axis.
Function and disability status among women with fistula using WHODAS2.0: A descriptive study from Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Keyser Laura , Myer Emily N. B. , McKinney Jessica , Maroyi Raha , Mukwege Denis , Chen Chi Chiung Grace 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess function and disability among women in Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo living with fistula and identify characteristics associated with higher disability scores.MethodsWomen presenting for fistula care were recruited. Eligible participants underwent a physical examination to classify fistula type and completed the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 questionnaire to ascertain the impact of fistula on function across six domains: cognition, mobility, self‐care, getting along, life activities, and participation. Disability scores were calculated (where 0 = no disability and 100 = complete disability). Participants were grouped according to no, low, or high disability status; results were examined to determine the domains most affected.ResultsAmong 69 participants, fistula type included: vesicovaginal (59.4%), ureterovaginal (14.5%), total absence of proximal urethra (11.6%), and rectovaginal (14.5%). Median disability score was 43.0/100 (interquartile range 26.0–67.0); 83% exhibited high disability status. Life activities and participation in society domains were most affected. Women with rectovaginal fistula reported the lowest scores, and those with total absence of proximal urethra reported the highest scores.ConclusionWHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 represents a simple, robust measure of global disability status, aligns with research efforts to estimate maternal disability, and may inform health needs and resource allocation for this population. In this study, disability was common, varied by fistula type, and affected physical, mental, and social domains.