bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D, influenza vaccine response, and respiratory illness
Authors: Sundaram Maria , Talbot H. Keipp , Zhu Yuwei , Griffin Marie R. , Belongia Edward A. , Spencer Sarah , Thompson Mark , Shay David K. , Coleman Laura A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere is evidence that vitamin D (vit D) affects immunity and response to infection. The objective of this study was to determine whether serum vit D predicts influenza vaccine response or upper respiratory illness (URI).Methods1101 adults ≥ 50 years old were recruited from 2 communities in WI and TN during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 flu seasons. Pre‐and post‐vaccination hemagglutinin antibody inhibition (HAI) titers to vaccine components and serum vit D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured. Seroprotection was defined as HAI ≥ 40; seroconversion as ≥ 4‐fold increase in post‐vaccination HAI. ARI was assessed by self‐report.ResultsMean (± SD) serum vit D was 31 ± 10 ng/mL; 28.5% participants were vitamin D deficient (VDD). Vit D and VDD did not predict seroconversion for any vaccine components in 08–09 (odds ratio [OR]: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00: 0.98–1.01, 1.00: 0.98–1.02, and 1.01: 0.99–1.03) for H1N1, H3N2 and B subtypes, respectively (controlling for age, gender, and pre‐vaccination HAI). Vit D did not predict seroconversion in 09–10 or seroprotection or ARI in either year. VDD was related to physician‐attended URI (p = 0.01) but no other disease outcomes in year 1.ConclusionsThere was no consistent relationship between vit D and response to influenza vaccination or respiratory illness in our population.Funding Source: CDC 5 U18 IP000183‐02, CDC 1 U18 IP000184‐01, K23 A1074863‐01A1 (Talbot)
Sialyllactose concentrations in mature human milk: a nine country survey
Authors: Li Xi , Burgher Anita M. , Van Alstine Leslie , Pramuk Kathryn 
Published: June 2021

Human milk (HM) contains large amounts of free oligosaccharides (OSs), which play an important role in the immune response of breast‐fed infants against pathogens. One of the most prevalent OS in HM is sialyllactose (SL). 6′‐sialyllactose (6′SL) and 3′‐sialyllactose (3′SL) are the two most abundant isomers. To survey the concentrations of SL and evaluate the relationship between this important OS in mature HM (lactation duration ≥ 30 days) and stage of lactation, 236 samples from individual mothers were collected from nine different countries on five continents. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 6′SL concentration was 147 ± 122 mg/L for all samples and the means ranged from 83 to 267 mg/L among countries, with Chile and Mexico significantly higher than other countries. An inverse relationship between 6′SL concentration and the days of lactation was found (estimated slope = −0.01113, p < 0.0001). Conversely, the mean values of 3′SL varied little among countries and the mean ± SD was 127 ± 38 mg/L for the samples. There were no statistically significant trends for 3′SL concentration over course of the lactation in mature HM for all nine countries.Funded by Pfizer Nutrition.
Meeting school food standards in the UK – students’ food choice & free school meals
Authors: Ensaff Hannah , Russell Jean , Barker Margo E 
Published: June 2021

The food preferences and eating patterns of school children are paramount to the school food debate. The main objective of this study was to examine students’ school food choice in relation to school food standards and entitlement to free school meals.This study investigated the school food choices of 2660 students at two large secondary schools in Yorkshire. Utilizing seven months’ data from the cashless system employed in the schools’ dining facilities, a cross sectional analysis was conducted.Sandwiches and pizza were the most popular main food items: School A – 40.4% and 31.2%, respectively; School B – 48.3% and 27.3%. More nutritionally valuable ‘dishes of the day’ accounted for 8.7% and 8.3% of main foods for School A and School B, respectively. Free School Meal (FSM) students were more likely (p<0.001) to choose main foods (School A – FSM 87.04%; non‐FSM 70.28%) (School B – FSM 75.43%; non‐FSM 56.13%). ‘Dishes of the day’ were chosen on a significantly greater (p<0.001) percentage of days by FSM compared to non‐FSM students (School A – FSM 15.67%; non‐FSM 7.11%) (School B – FSM 19.42%; non‐FSM 5.17%).Despite the availability of nutritionally valuable ‘dishes of the day’, the most popular food items were sandwiches, pizza, and desserts. FSM students were more likely to choose the more nutritionally valuable ‘dish of the day’. School food standards should be reassessed in light of students’ preferences.
Hydration Deficit After Breakfast Intake Among British Schoolchildren
Authors: barker margo , Benefer Martin , Russell Jean , Lepicard Eve , Constant Florence , Hawili Nasrine , Friedlander Gerard 
Published: June 2021

Nutrition surveys of British schoolchildren have not assessed hydration. This cross‐sectional study aimed to measure children's morning hydration status and to relate this to breakfast water intake. We recruited a convenience sample of 452 schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 years through primary schools in South Yorkshire. Children collected a sample of urine at home within 30min of usual breakfast for measurement of urinary osmolality. Dietary intake at breakfast was estimated using a diary method where children or parents recorded all foods and drinks consumed. A mild hydration deficit was common, with 60% of children having urinary osmolality over 800 mOsmol/kg. There was a greater prevalence of elevated osmolality in boys compared to girls (68.4% versus 53.5 %). Furthermore, 18.6 % of children recorded urinary osmolality over 1000 mOsmol/kg. We could not find any association between breakfast water intake and urine osmolality either in univariate or multivariate analysis. This lack of association may arise because of children's imprecise dietary recording and misclassification of water intake.The study was sponsored by Nestlé Waters.
The impact of compliance on the effectiveness of the Medifast meal replacement program for weight loss in overweight and obese clients: A retrospective chart review of three Medifast Weight Control Centers (MWCC)
Authors: Kiel Jessica R. , Coleman Christopher D. , Mitola Andrea , Sonzone Carmine M. , Davis Lisa M. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA chart review was performed to evaluate the association between compliance and the effectiveness of the Medifast meal replacement plan (MD) on body weight from baseline to final visit (FV) for the years 2007–10.MethodsCharts included adults aged 18–70 following the MD with a BMI ≥25 that signed a health information consent form. 453 charts were included. Compliance included attendance at weekly visits (WV), intake of meal replacements (MR) and supplements (ω‐3), food journals (FJ), and ketone testing (KT).Results53% of clients attended a WV for their entire prescribed program. When clients attended, the average compliance for MR=70%, ω‐3=76%, FJ=53% and KT=96%. There is significant correlation between all the compliance factors with the strongest relationships between WV, MR, and FJ (p<0.01). Bivariate random effects (RE) regressions showed significant (p<0.05) inverse relationships between wt Δ and WV, MR, FJ and ω‐3. Multivariate RE analysis showed sustained significant (p<0.05) relationships between wt Δ and WV (β= −41.5), MR (β= −1.3) and KT (β= 2.9) (R2=0.22, Wald Chi2 (df=3) 148, p<0.0001).ConclusionTaken together, these results reveal significant associations between several components of compliance and weight loss, but particularly highlight the importance of WV, a benefit of the MWCC model over non‐clinic based models. This research was funded by Medifast, Inc., Owings Mills, MD.
EGCG Exerts Antioxidant Protection in Unilateral Testicular Torsion
Authors: Al-Maghrebi May , Renno Waleed , Al-Ajmi Nada 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed at examining the protective role of EGCG on the enhanced oxidative stress status during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). The influence of EGCG on the testicular antioxidant system and loss of ipsilateral testicular spermatogenesis was also studied.Materials and methodsEighteen SD male rats (250–300g) were randomly assigned into three groups. Group I was the sham rats, Group II rats underwent unilateral torsion‐detorsion (UT‐D) only while group III rats underwent UT‐D with EGCG pretreatment. Rats underwent 1 hour torsion (ischemia) and 4 hours detorsion (reperfusion). Damage to spermatogenesis was assessed by H&E staining and Johnson scoring. Oxidative stress was detected by measuring SOD activity, MDA concentrations and mRNA expression of NADPH subunits p22phox, p47phox and gp91phox.ResultsUT‐D to the left ipsilateral testes resulted in a noticeable seminiferous tubular atrophy, reduction of the number of germ cell layers and arrest of spermatogenesis. Testicular SOD activity was significantly reduced during UT‐D (p< 0.05) with a parallel increase in MDA concentrations (p<0.05) possibly caused by the accumulation of H2O2. A significant increase in the mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox, p47phox and gp91phox during UT‐D induced‐IRI. All of these changes were returned to sham levels after EGCG treatment prior to reperfusion (group III).ConclusionEGCG, as a free radical scavenger, seems to have a protective role against oxidative stress in testicular IRI.
Protective Effect of Hypercapnia on Ischemia – Reperfusion Injury in Lungs Retrieved from Non‐heart‐beating Donors
Authors: Hodyc Daniel , Suva Petr , Mrazkova Hana , Skoumalova Alice , Hampl Vaclav , Herget Jan 
Published: June 2021

Lungs retrieved from non‐heart‐beating donors (NHBD) might alleviate the shortage of suitable organs for transplantation. Since hypercapnia has protective effect on free radical damage, in present study we investigated a possible protective effect of hypercapnic ventilation during reperfusion in lungs retrieved from NHBD.Experimental rats underwent the protocol of NHBD lung harvesting: 90 minutes of warm ischemia after pentobarbital euthanasia followed by 60 min of cold ischemia (12°C). Then we measured perfusion pressure, lung weight gain and arterio ‐ venous difference in O2 partial pressure in isolated, Salt solution + Ficol perfused lungs. In controls, lungs were harvested immediately after euthanasia.We used four groups of rats:

Control group – C
Control group, isolated lungs ventilated with hypercapnic gas (10%CO2) ‐ CH
Experimental rats – warm + cold ischemia – W
Experimental rats, hypercapnic ventilation – WH
Warm ischemia deteriorates lung functions (W vs C). We found that hypercapnic ventilation reduced pulmonary edema (WH vs. W) and improved oxygen transport ability (WH vs. W, no difference in WH vs. C). We conclude that hypercapnia prevents ischemia – reperfusion injury in NHBD lungs.Supported by Czech Science Foundation, GACR P303/10/P343 and GACR 305/08/0108
Characterization of the role of long chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 6 in skeletal muscle energy metabolism
Authors: Bu So Young 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies suggest that numerous isoforms of long chain acyl‐CoA synthetase (ACSL) mediate intracellular fatty acids channeling and regulate energy metabolism. However the role of these genes in muscle need to be identified in order to understand how they contribute to whole body energy metabolism. This study was designed to characterize how ACSL6 is regulated and the function of this gene in skeletal muscle energy metabolism. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were utilized and expression of genes that involving glucose and fatty acids metabolism was measured during cellular differentiation. To characterize the role of ACSL6 in skeletal muscle energy metabolism, siRNA mediated knockdown of ACSL6 was performed. During myogenic differentiation gene expressions involving glucose and lipid metabolism including GLUT4 and ACSL6 were increased while they were not or barely detected in pre‐confluenced myoblasts. Compared to cells transfected with control siRNA, knockdown of ACSL6 significantly decreased GLUT4 expression. These results suggest that lipid channeling system is developed in the course of myogenic differentiation, and intracellular fatty acids trafficking derived from ACSL6 is partially responsible for glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. Additional studies how ACSL6 modulate glucose utilization and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells remain to be performed.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded b y the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012R1A1A1019253).
Determinants of physical and functional coupling between Thromboxane A2 receptor and Gαq
Authors: Chakraborty Raja , Xu Bing , Bhullar Rajinder Pal , Chelikani Prashen 
Published: June 2021

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with heterotrimeric G proteins and initiate a wide variety of signaling pathways. The molecular nature of GPCR‐G protein interaction in the clinically important thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) is poorly understood. TP activates its cognate G‐protein (Gαq) in response to binding of thromboxane and mediates vasoconstriction and thrombosis. Although quite a large number of biophysical and biochemical studies have shown the possible regions and/or residues important in GPCR‐G protein interactions here we attempt to elucidate the determinants of physical and functional coupling between TP and Gαq. We have constructed TP with minimal number of cysteines by replacing 4 of the endogenous and non‐essential cysteines (4‐Cys). From molecular modeling analysis, the TP amino acids predicted to interact with Gαq were replaced with cysteines one at a time, using the 4‐Cys TP as the base receptor. Disulphide cross linking between TP cysteine mutants and C‐terminal Gαq cysteine mutants are being pursued using Copper phenanthroline in presence of TP specific agonist U46619 under reducing and non ‐ reducing conditions. The crosslinked regions will be analyzed by western blots using TP and Gαq specific antibodies. The results will enable us to understand the dynamics of GPCR‐G protein interactions.Supported by MHRC, MICH/faculty of dentistry Fellowship to RC, HSF and MHRC to PC
Fat imaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young children (ages 1–4 years) without sedation
Authors: Shearrer Grace Elisabeth , House Benjamin , Luci Jeffrey , Davis Jaimie 
Published: June 2021

In the pediatric population, the need to quantify fat deposition, particularly visceral and hepatic fat stores is critical for understanding the impact of obesity on metabolic disease risk. This pilot study developed techniques to perform Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of specific fat deposition in 10 children (age 18 months to 4 years). The children engaged in a series of practice tests to become acclimated to the scanner noises, reduce claustrophobia, and rehearse holding still for a set time. We used the following techniques during the practice tests and MRI scans: a) role modeling with parent; b) using puppets to explain procedure; c) incentivizing children after each successfully completed test with age appropriate toys; and d) using a specialized mirror to allow the children to watch a video while in the mock and real scanner. The practice tests assessed if the child could remain still for two minutes while watching a video, first while lying on a blanket, second, on the blanket with headphones, and third, in the mock scanner. The children who passed the three practice tests were then scanned with a 3T Siemens magnet. We determined success scan as one in which fat imaging quantification could be preformed. Seven out of ten children were able to successfully complete the MRI scans. Use of an MRI for fat imaging in young children is possible under this protocol without the need for sedation allowing for specific fat quantification in the previously understudied pediatric population.Grant Funding Source: Departmental Funding
Simple Suppers: A family nutrition education and cooking program delivered in the daycare setting designed to improve diet quality in preschool aged children
Authors: Wagner Allan , Rose Angela , Kennel Julie , Gunther Carolyn 
Published: June 2021

In order to reverse current trends in childhood obesity, early intervention and engagement of parents are essential. The aim of this study was to test feasibility and potential efficacy of a nutrition education and cooking program aimed at teaching parents and their preschool children positive eating behaviors. Our hypothesis was that children of participating families would develop and maintain food choices that include nutrient‐rich foods while limiting energy‐dense foods and beverages. Our curriculum is based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines and consists of 10X90 min programs delivered monthly in a daycare located in a low‐income urban neighborhood. Session components include: nutrition education, family meal prep, group meal, take‐home educational materials. The evaluation plan included a pre‐, mid‐, and post‐assessment of child food prep skills (5‐point Likert scale) and dietary intake (Harvard FFQ). Ten families enrolled in the study. Adjusted for baseline child age, BMI, and economic status, 1) ability of child to rinse fruits and vegetables (p=0.04) and mean daily servings of fruit (p=0.04) increased and 2) mean daily servings of sugar sweetened beverages (p=0.04) and added fat (p=0.059) decreased. An innovative nutrition education and cooking class engaged the target audience of parents and preschool‐aged children and improved certain child food choices and eating behaviors.Grant Funding Source: The Ohio State University Food Innovation Center
Polyphenol supplementation ameliorates PUFA benefits in metabolic and oxidative status in dogs
Authors: Leray Veronique Marie , Talbot Charlotte , Ouguerram Khadija , Martineau Anne‐Sophie , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: June 2021

The effect of PUFA on obesity‐associated oxidant stress could be explained by the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant processes, or by their own ability to be oxidized. The adjunction of antioxidant to PUFA could help to elucidate their mechanism of action.Our aim was to check the effects of PUFA supplementation w/wo curcumin polyphenols on metabolic status, plasma lipids, and antioxidant status in dogs.Obese dogs were given for 2 consecutive periods of 6 w hyperenergetic diet supplemented with either n‐3 PUFA (Diet1) then n‐3 PUFA plus curcumin (Diet2). Before (T0) and at the end of each 6‐wk period, body composition, insulin sensitivity (IS), plasma lipid and oxidative status markers (total antioxidant status, TAS and glutathione peroxidise, GPx) were determined.At the end of both periods, body composition and IS were did not differ from T0 values. At the end of Diet1, plasma NEFA were lower and total cholesterol was higher than at T0; at the end of Diet2, TG levels were lower. The TAS was higher than at T0 at the end of Diet1, and even more at the end of Diet2. Compared to T0 GPx activity was unchanged at the end of each period.Our results show that polyphenols could have synergistic effects with PUFA. This suggests that PUFA would not act as oxidation substrates. Indeed their protection against oxidation would account for their action. Further experiments could be helpful for a better understanding of the mechanism of action.
Effects of Fructose on Uric Acid Metabolism
Authors: Theytaz Fanny , Egli Léonie , Rodriguez Yaiza Cordero , Campos Vanessa , Schneiter Philippe , Tappy Luc 
Published: June 2021

Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to contribute to diet‐induced insulin resistance. We studied UA metabolism during an oral fructose challenge (0.2 g oral fructose/kg FFM every hour for 9 hours). Blood and urine UA concentrations were measured, UA excretion and clearance were calculated in two groups of healthy male subjects: 1) 8 subjects after 6 days on either a low fructose diet (LF) or a hypercaloric diet with 3g/kg/day fructose (HyperFr); 2) 7 subjects after 4 days on either LF or an isocaloric 30% fructose diet (IsoHFr).

Fasting UA (μmol/L)
Post‐fructose UA (μmol/L)
UA clearance (mL/min)
UA excretion (μmol/min)
Fasting HOMA‐IR
Fasting TG (mmol/L)

LF
389 ± 16
391 ± 14
9.3 ± 0.5
3.6 ± 0.2
2.2 ± 0.4
0.7 ± 0.0

HyperFr
458 ± 25*
456 ± 22*
7.5 ± 0.3*
3.4 ± 0.1
3.2 ± 0.5*
1.5 ± 0.2*

LF
334 ± 18
339 ± 18
9.1 ± 1.1
3.0 ± 0.3
2.6 ± 0.3
0.6 ± 0.1

IsoHFr
359 ± 23
361 ± 22
7.5 ± 0.9*
2.6 ± 0.2
3.1 ± 0.5
1.0 ± 0.2*

P < 0.05 vs LF
Oral fructose did not significantly increase UA concentration in any condition; HyperFr increased fasting UA concentration, due to a decreased UA clearance; HyperFr and IsoHFr increased fasting TG, HyperFr increased HOMA‐IR but these effects were not related to increased UA.We conclude that short term fructose has little effects on UA production but decreases UA clearance. Fructose‐induced metabolic alterations are unlikely to be mediated by UA.Swiss National Science Foundation supported this work.
Anti‐stress Effect of Enzyme‐Treated Asparagus extract (ETAS)
Authors: Kudo Shotaro , Sato Atsuya , Ito Tomohiro , Homma Kohei , Nishioka Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are known as stress‐relieving proteins that protect cells against various stresses. We have developed a product from asparagus named ETAS, possess HSP70 inducing activity. Studies were conducted to evaluate anti‐stress effects of ETAS in vitro and in vivo.HeLa cells were treated with ETAS and the HSP70 expressions were measured. Those expression levels were increased with ETAS in a concentration‐dependent manner (p<0.05).ETAS was orally administered to Slc:ddY mice (6‐week old, male) for 10 days. For the last 3 days during ETAS administration, mice were subjected to sleep‐deprivation stress, and serum concentration of corticosterone was measured. The concentration was significantly reduced by ETAS.A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical study was also carried out. Healthy volunteers were divided into ETAS (150 mg/day) and placebo groups (each 10 subjects). In order to assess anti‐stress effect, the balance and activity of autonomic nerve were measured by Pulse Analyzer Plus (TAS9) before and after administration. The parameters were significantly improved in the ETAS group.Active ingredients of ETAS were also analyzed, and new molecule is identified that induces HSP70 expression.In conclusion, ETAS enhanced the HSP70 expressions in cells, resulting in attenuation of stress in mice and human. It was suggested that ETAS functions in cytoprotection.
WNT5a‐mediated tumor suppression of esophageal adenocarcinoma in vitro
Authors: Moore Tami , Lyros Orestis , Nie Linghui , Jovanovic Nebojsa , Medda Rituparna , Perkins Tiffani , Otterson Mary , Shaker Reza 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased over the last decade while its prognosis still remains poor. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor of EAC while the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Wnt5a is a member of the non‐transforming WNT family whose role in carcinogenesis is still ambiguous. Wnt5a functions through ROR2 receptor and exhibits tumor suppression in colorectal cancer. We investigated the role of Wnt5a in esophageal adenocarcinoma.MethodsGene and protein expression of Wnt5a and ROR2 were analyzed in human esophageal tissues (healthy, BE, and EAC) and various esophageal cell lines by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Cell proliferation, survival and migration were assessed in OE33 cancer cells following rWnt5a treatment. Western blotting determined GSK3 β‐phosphorylation. Nuclear β‐catenin localization and Axin2 & Cyclin D1 gene expression were also determined.ResultsWnt5a was down‐regulated or sustained whereas ROR2 was overexpressed in BE and EAC tissues compared to healthy controls. Same findings were confirmed in vitro. rWnt5a inhibited cell proliferation, survival, and migration in OE33 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. rWnt5a inhibited GSK3β phosphorylation but did not alter β‐catenin activity.ConclusionsWnt5a mediates tumor suppression in OE33 cells. ROR2 receptor may mediate this effect.