bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations from Implementation of the ERAS Protocol after DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Haddock Nicholas T. , Garza Ricardo , Boyle Carolyn E. , Teotia Sumeet S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multivariate intervention requiring the help of several departments, including anesthesia, nursing, and surgery. This study seeks to observe ERAS compliance rates and obstacles for its implementation at a single academic institution.
Methods This is a retrospective study looking at patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction from January 2016 to September 2019. The ERAS protocol was implemented on select patients early 2017, with patients from 2016 acting as a control. Thirteen points from the protocol were identified and gathered from the patient's electronic medical record (EMR) to evaluate compliance.
Results Two hundred and six patients were eligible for the study, with 67 on the control group. An average of 6.97 components were met in the pre-ERAS group. This number rose to 8.33 by the end of 2017. Compliance peaked with 10.53 components met at the beginning of 2019. The interventions most responsible for this increase were administration of preoperative medications, goal-oriented intraoperative fluid management, and administration of scheduled gabapentin postoperatively. The least met criterion was intraoperative ketamine goal of >0.2 mg/kg/h, with a maximum compliance rate of 8.69% of the time.
Conclusion The introduction of new protocols can take over a year for full implementation. This is especially true for protocols as complex as an ERAS pathway. Even after years of consistent use, compliance gaps remain. Staff-, patient-, or resource-related issues are responsible for these discrepancies. It is important to identify these issues to address them and optimize patient outcomes.
Impact of leisure environmental supply on new urban pathology: a case study of Guangzhou and Zhuhai
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Congping , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional studies on urban pathology primarily focused on impacts of social disorganization and urban settings, such as crime, polarization between the rich and the poor, pollution, and deteriorating living conditions, whereas there is insufficient attention paid to urban mental health and wellness. To provide fresh insights into the issue of urban mental health and wellness, this paper defines the psychiatric disorder of urban citizens as ‘new urban pathology’ which primarily results from a highly competitive, stressful, and fast-paced urban life. Based on 40 interviews from citizens in two rapidly urbanizing cities in mainland China, this paper attempts to investigate how the supply of leisure facilities affects new urban pathology. There are three general findings of this research: (1) First, new urban pathology commonly exists and varies with urban communities. However, it is not significantly influenced by the pace of city life. It is found that the worse prospect the living standards, the more significant the negative impacts of the new urban pathology. (2) Sufficient urban leisure facilities do have positive impacts on relieving psychological pressure of urban dwellers. Apart from these, residents also achieve stress relief from surrounding therapeutic landscapes like aesthetic public space, well-designed architecture, etc. (3) The perceived usefulness of leisure environment serves as a key factor to mediate the stress-mitigating effect of leisure supply. When leisure facilities’ functions highly match the needs of residents, leisure environmental supply can be utilized effectively, which helps alleviate the new urban pathology. This research advances the literature of urban health studies by tentatively revealing the interaction between the supply of leisure environmental facilities and urban mental health. It suggests that urban practitioners should optimize the quality of facilities rather than simply increasing the quantity for reducing the daily stress of urban life.
iTRAQ and RNA-seq analyses provide an insight into mechanisms of recalcitrance in a medicinal plant
Authors: Ge Na , Yang Kai , Yang Ling , Meng Zhen-Gui , Li Long-Geng , Chen Jun-Wen 
Published: November 2021

Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an important economic and medicinal plant from the family of Araliaceae, and its seed is characterised by the recalcitrance and after-ripening process. However, the molecular mechanism on the dehydration sensitivity is not clear in recalcitrant seeds. In the present study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and RNA-seq were used to analyse the proteomic and transcriptomic changes in seeds of P. notoginseng in days after-ripening (DAR). A total of 454 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 12 000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. The activity of enzymes related to antioxidant system were significantly increased, and the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family and most members of glutathione metabolism enzymes have been downregulated during the after-ripening process. The lack or inadequate accumulation of LEA proteins in the embryo and the low activity of antioxidant defense in glutathione metabolism might be the key factors leading to the dehydration sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of P. notoginseng. In addition, the increased activity of elycolysis (EMP), citric acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) pathways might be one of important signals to complete the after-ripening process. Overall, our study might provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism on dehydration sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds.
Can we save GHG emissions by working from home?
Authors: Santos Georgina , Azhari Rayan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Using data from official government publications in the UK, we estimate the potential changes in transport and buildings CO2e emissions in England and Wales if those engaged in jobs compatible with homeworking were to work mainly from home. We find that the net result is likely to be an increase, rather than a decrease in CO2e emissions. Assuming that 20% to 30% of workers were to work from home, the increase would range from 0.18% to 0.97% relative to emissions from the buildings and transport sectors combined, and from 0.11% to 0.60% relative to emissions from all sources. Under the very unrealistic assumptions that the buildings where the new teleworkers used to work closed permanently rather than remained open or were repurposed, and there were no rebound travel, there would be modest emissions savings, which would range from 0.61% to 1.63% of CO2e emissions from the transport and building sectors combined, and from 0.38% to 1.01% of CO2e emissions from all sources when 20% to 30% of workers worked from home.
IoT Data Quality Issues and Potential Solutions: A Literature Review
Authors: Mansouri Taha , Sadeghi Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Monshizadeh Fatemeh , Zareravasan Ahad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the Internet of Things (IoT), data gathered from dozens of devices are the base for creating business value and developing new products and services. If data are of poor quality, decisions are likely to be non-sense. Data quality is crucial to gain business value of the IoT initiatives. This paper presents a systematic literature review regarding IoT data quality from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed 58 articles to identify IoT data quality dimensions and issues and their categorizations. According to this analysis, we offer a classification of IoT data characterizations using the focus group method and clarify the link between dimensions and issues in each category. Manifesting a link between dimensions and issues in each category is incumbent, while this critical affair in extant categorizations is ignored. We also examine data security as an important data quality issue and suggest potential solutions to overcome IoT’s security issues. The finding of this study proposes a new research discipline for additional examination for researchers and practitioners in determining data quality in the context of IoT.
The dawn of a new era of targeted lipid-lowering therapies
Authors: Tokgözoğlu Lale , Libby Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease depend in part on lifestyle, but optimum control of lipids often demands additional measures. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) doubtless contributes causally to atherosclerosis. Recent human genetic findings have substantiated a number of novel targets for lipid-lowering therapy including apolipoprotein C-III, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4, apolipoprotein V, and ATP citrate lyase. These discoveries coupled with advances in biotechnology development afford new avenues for management of LDL and other aspects of lipid risk. Beyond LDL, new treatments targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) have become available and have entered clinical development. Biological and RNA-directed agents have joined traditional small-molecule approaches, which themselves have undergone considerable refinement. Innovative targeting strategies have increased efficacy of some of these novel interventions and markedly improved their tolerability. Gene-editing approaches have appeared on the horizon of lipid management. This article reviews this progress offering insight into novel biological and therapeutic discoveries, and places them into a practical patient care perspective.
3-D multiparameter full-waveform inversion for ocean-bottom seismic data using an efficient fluid–solid coupled spectral-element solver
Authors: Cao Jian , Brossier Romain , Górszczyk Andrzej , Métivier Ludovic , Virieux Jean 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYOcean-bottom seismic acquisition systems deployed on the seabed give access to three-component geophone data and hydrophone data. Compared with conventional streamer acquisitions, the separation of sources and receivers makes it possible to increase the maximum offset and azimuth coverage for improving the illumination at depth. Furthermore, the three-component geophones naturally capture elastic wave propagation effects. While this information is mostly overlooked up to now, reconstructing jointly P- and S-wave velocities would significantly improve the subsurface characterization. To achieve a 3-D high-resolution multiparameter reconstruction, we design an efficient 3-D fluid–solid coupled full waveform modelling and inversion engine. In this engine, fluid and solid domains are divided explicitly and handled with the acoustic and elastic wave equations, respectively. The numerical implementation is based on a time-domain spectral-element method (SEM) with a flexible 3-D Cartesian-based hexahedral mesh, which contributes to an accurate coupling of the acoustic and elastic wave equations and high computational efficiency through domain-decomposition based parallelization. We select the best acoustic–elastic coupled formulations among 4 possibilities with criteria based on numerical accuracy and implementation efficiency. Moreover, we propose a specific hybrid approach for the misfit gradient building so as to use a similar modelling solver for both forward and adjoint simulations. Synthetic case studies on a 3-D extended Marmousi-II model and a 3-D deep-water crustal-scale model illustrate how our modelling and inversion engine can efficiently extract information from ocean-bottom seismic data to simultaneously reconstruct both P- and S-wave velocities within a full waveform inversion framework.
The UN Security Council Faces Organized Crime
Authors: Borlini Leonardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the United Nations (UN) Security Council’s (SC or Council) use of its powers under the UN Charter in the face of organized crime by drawing on an empirical analysis of the Council’s resolutions as adopted over the past 20 years. It argues that the UN executive organ, and its subsidiary bodies, have played an underexamined role in the fight against this challenge to international peace. It has done so by adopting an approach to law enforcement that draws increasingly on domestic criminal justice discourse and techniques, including: investigations on crimes; sanctions and responsive regulation. Specifically, the article focuses on the Council’s experimentation with UN’s direct involvement in fact-finding related to organized crime, and on the evolution in the use of sanctions as a preventive and control mechanism, i.e., to prospectively manage risks to international peace and security generated by organized criminal activities and illicit markets. This article offers a detailed illustration of the Council’s engagement with organized crime and elucidates, including in quantitative terms, the different strategies that the UN executive body uses in dealing with organized crime. It then discusses the notion of ‘threat to peace’ in Article 39 of the UN Charter as the main legal vehicle for the extension of Council’s action to organized crime and illicit markets. Against this backdrop, the article examines the involvement of the UN subsidiary bodies in fact-finding and monitoring, as well as the integration of regulatory elements and private enforcement techniques into contemporary sanctions practice. The article concludes by arguing that the Security Council’s complex response to organized crime demonstrates that the collective security system has evolved markedly. From a systemic perspective, the Council may now be seen as exercising functions of law enforcement and regulation far from the kind of functions it was originally intended to exercise.
Who is Afraid of the Crime of Aggression?
Authors: Heller Kevin Jon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is no question that deterring the illegal use of force is a noble goal. Unfortunately, the crime of aggression, heralded as a major accomplishment when adopted by the Assembly of States Parties, is but a pale shadow of the kind of criminal prohibition that might have convinced would-be aggressors that they will be held accountable for their belligerent acts. Instead, as this article explains, the crime of aggression at the International Criminal Court is so jurisdictionally narrow, so substantively limited, and so unlikely to promote domestic prosecutions that its deterrent value is essentially non-existent. Moreover, danger abounds in the very act of activation — the danger that victims (state and individual) might assume that the era of impunity for aggression is coming to an end. Nothing could be further from truth.
Modular non-deterministic semantics for T, TB, S4, S5 and more
Authors: Pawlowski Pawel , La Rosa Elio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a modular approach for non-deterministic semantics for (non-normal) modal logics is developed. In particular, our aim is to improve and reinterpret some results from Omori and Skurt (2016, IfCoLog J. Logics Appl., 3, 815–845) and Coniglio et al. (2015, J. Appl. Non-Class. Log., 25, 20–45) regarding modal systems T, TB, S4 and S5. More economical axiomatizations make the rule of necessitation modular, thus providing non-deterministic semantics for (NEC)-free fragments for all the investigated systems. Moreover, by fixing the interpretation of all connectives but the modal ones, a combinatorial outlook at their matrices is provided to the effect that a new modal system and simplification of those for T and S4 are achieved.
Dying with Assistance: The Call for an Inquiry, the Power of a declaration, the role of evidence
Authors: Papadopoulou Nataly 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The article analyses recent legal challenges of the prohibition of assisted suicide in England and Wales to review where we are in the debate for reform, and where we can go. The article, principally, advocates for an evidence-based new governmental inquiry. Aside the fact that this is widely-supported by various interested parties, this argument stems from the approach recently attempted by claimants in English courts in challenging the prohibition of assisted suicide, and that is, an evidence-based approach to judicial review. As this article discusses, the review of ‘the available evidence’ is unlikely to be done by English courts, but what this new legal strategy does is to send a strong message to Parliament and the government that there is a need to identify and examine the evidence. The findings of a fresh governmental inquiry, will allow Parliament to engage in a careful, informed review of the law and practice on assisted suicide and decide whether there is another way to protect the vulnerable, while respecting individual choice. The benefits of this inquiry go beyond England and Wales; an English (or indeed UK-wide) inquiry will inform discussions currently taking place elsewhere, and vice versa.
Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC + and comparing with simulation
Authors: Li Pak Shing , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Ajeddig Hamza , André Philippe , McKee Christopher F , Rho Jeonghee , Klein Richard I 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Optical and infrared polarization mapping and recent Planck observations of the filametary cloud L1495 in Taurus show that the large-scale magnetic field is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the cloud. We use the HAWC + polarimeter on SOFIA to probe the complex magnetic field in the B211 part of the cloud. Our results reveal a dispersion of polarization angles of 36°, about five times that measured on a larger scale by Planck. Applying the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method with velocity information obtained from Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 30 m C18O(1-0) observations, we find two distinct sub-regions with magnetic field strengths differing by more than a factor 3. The quieter sub-region is magnetically critical and sub-Alfv$\acute{\rm e}$nic; the field is comparable to the average field measured in molecular clumps based on Zeeman observations. The more chaotic, super-Alfv$\acute{\rm e}$nic sub-region shows at least three velocity components, indicating interaction among multiple substructures. Its field is much less than the average Zeeman field in molecular clumps, suggesting that the DCF value of the field there may be an underestimate. Numerical simulation of filamentary cloud formation shows that filamentary substructures can strongly perturb the magnetic field. DCF and true field values in the simulation are compared. Pre-stellar cores are observed in B211 and are seen in our simulation. The appendices give a derivation of the standard DCF method that allows for a dispersion in polarization angles that is not small, present an alternate derivation of the structure function version of the DCF method, and treat fragmentation of filaments.
A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – V. Analysis of TX Ori, V505 Ori, and V510 Ori, the HST ULLYSES targets in the σ Ori cluster
Authors: Froebrich Dirk , Eislöffel Jochen , Stecklum Bringfried , Herbert Carys , Hambsch Franz-Josef 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Investigations of the formation of young stellar objects (YSOs) and planets require the detailed analysis of individual sources as well as statistical analysis of a larger number of objects. The Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) project provides such a unique opportunity by establishing a UV spectroscopic library of young high- and low-mass stars in the local universe. Here, we analyse optical photometry of the three ULLYSES targets (TX Ori, V505 Ori, V510 Ori) and other YSOs in the σ Ori cluster taken at the time of the HST observations to provide a reference for those spectra. We identify three populations of YSOs along the line of sight to σ Ori, separated in parallax and proper motion space. The ULLYSES targets show typical YSO behaviour with pronounced variability and mass accretion rates of the order of 10−8 M⊙ yr−1. Optical colours do not agree with standard interstellar reddening and suggest a significant contribution of scattered light. They are also amongst the most variable and strongest accretors in the cluster. V505 Ori shows variability with a 7 d period, indicating an inner disc warp at the co-rotation radius. Uncovering the exact nature of the ULLYSES targets will require improved detailed modelling of the HST spectra in the context of the available photometry, including scattered light contributions as well as non-standard reddening.
Evolution of dust grain size distribution and grain porosity in galaxies
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki , Il’in Vladimir B 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The radiative properties of interstellar dust are affected not only by the grain size distribution but also by the grain porosity. We develop a model for the evolution of size-dependent grain porosity and grain size distribution over the entire history of galaxy evolution. We include stellar dust production, supernova dust destruction, shattering, coagulation, and accretion. Coagulation is assumed to be the source of grain porosity. We use a one-zone model with a constant dense gas fraction (ηdense), which regulates the balance between shattering and coagulation. We find that porosity develops after small grains are sufficiently created by the interplay between shattering and accretion (at age t ∼ 1 Gyr for star formation time-scale τSF = 5 Gyr) and are coagulated. The filling factor drops down to 0.3 at grain radii $\sim 0.03~ {\mu m}$ for ηdense = 0.5. The grains are more porous for smaller ηdense because small grains, from which porous coagulated grains form, are more abundant. We also calculate the extinction curves based on the above results. The porosity steepens the extinction curve significantly for silicate, but not much for amorphous carbon. The porosity also increases the collisional cross-sections and produces slightly more large grains through the enhanced coagulation; however, the extinction curve does not necessarily become flatter because of the steepening effect by porosity. We also discuss the implication of our results for the Milky Way extinction curve.
Understanding the Potential Benefits of Cannabidiol for Patients With Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dyck Garrison J B , Maayah Zaid H , Eurich Dean T , Dyck Jason R B 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch suggests that cannabis-derived delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol can be linked to the worsening of psychosis and/or other symptoms of schizophrenia. However, studies have shown that another major cannabinoid found in cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), may be a potential alternative or adjunctive treatment for psychosis and schizophrenia. As such, herein we review the relevant literature relating to the safety and efficacy of CBD treatment in patients with schizophrenia, including the effects of CBD in treating the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of the disorder, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which CBD can reduce schizophrenic symptoms. The potential utility of CBD for mitigating cannabis cravings and cannabis withdrawal in this patient population will also be reviewed. Lastly, the dosing, method of drug delivery, length of treatment, and adverse effects of CBD in patients with schizophrenia are discussed. Thus, the goal of this narrative review is to help clinicians and researchers better understand the risks and benefits of this potential therapy for this patient population.