bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Peroxide Value in Sunflower Halva using a Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: MURESAN Vlad , MUSTE Sevastita , RACOLTA Emil , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , MAN Simona , BIROU(POP) Anamaria , CHIRCU Carmen 
Published: December 2021

Sunflower halva, popular in countries from Eastern Europe, is made of sunflower tahini, cooked sugar and soapwort root extract.
Lipid fraction in traditional sunflower halva is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, susceptible to peroxidation. Oxidation of the lipids is one of the main causes of lipid rich food deterioration leading to formation of off-flavour that negatively affect their quality and shelf life. In this study the initially phase of oxidation in sunflower halva was assessed, using as indicator the peroxide value (PV). The protocol followed was the one described by IDF standard which uses ammonium thiocyanate as Fe(III)-complexing agent.
Halva samples stored at room temperature, in open air conditions for four months, respectively ten months were analyzed. The PV of sunflower halva at 10 months of storage was ~ 2 times higher that the PV of sunflower halva at 4 months of storage.
The samples of sunflower seeds used for the analysis were freshly dehulled and dehulled and then stored at room temperature in open air conditions for four months. The freshly dehulled sunflower seeds had a PV of 4.14 meq O2/Kg fat, similar values with those reported in the literature. The sunflower seeds dehulled and than stored for 4 months at room temperature in open air conditions had a PV of 89.47 meq O2/Kg fat, rancid taste being detected.
Regarding the oxidative stability of sunflower halva, care must be taken on storage conditions and packaging – temperature and oxygen availability. For further studies addition of supplementary antioxidants should be considered.
Biological Active Compounds Used as Probiotics in Yoghurt
Authors: STANILA Andreea , LEOPOLD Loredana , VODNAR Dan 
Published: December 2021

The aims of our work were to study the effect of some prebiotics such molasses, amino acids on the growing rate of some probiotics lactic bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lacobacillus casei, Bifidobacterim breve, Bifidobacterium infantis and a mix of these four strains) in cow and goat yoghurt. We have been studied comparatively yoghurt without and with different concentrations of prebiotics mentioned above, their chemical composition (fat and lactose), survival rate of probiotics bacteria and the production of lactic acid as a result of lactose and other saccharides fermentation.
Regarding the growth rate of lactic bacteria it can be concluded that the number was increased semnificatively in goat yoghurt at the concentration of 1% and 2% molasses added.
The concentrations of lactic acid were also increased in the samples treated with molasses, the best results have been obtained for goat yoghurt, especially after 7 days of incubation.
The lactose amount was lower in the samples with molasses concluding that lactic bacteria fermented more efficient lactose in the presence of prebiotics.
There is a direct correlation between presence of prebiotics and probiotics bacteria activity.
Comparison of Different GC-MS Methods Used for the Volatile Compounds Identification from Commercial Apple Vinegar
Authors: Truta Delia Mihaela , TOFANA Maria , Socaci Sonia Ancuta , MUDURA Elena 
Published: December 2021

Apple vinegar is increasingly used nowadays as a spice because its good sensory characteristics and also it is a natural treatment for different human diseases. Based on these facts knowing its aroma profile is essential for the evaluation and authentication of apple vinegar.
This paper aims are the study of different GC-MS methods for the identification of volatile compounds from commercial apple vinegar; and the selection of the best method who will allow us the longer number of volatile compounds from our sample.
Strategy for Promoting Sustainable Agro-Food Chain in Romanian Universities Catering Services
Authors: VINTILA Iuliana 
Published: December 2021

The ecological footprint (EF) was proposed as a tool to measure progress towards the future goal of increasing the “Dunarea de Jos” University (UGAL) sustainability.
In the calculation of product-specific EF were considered all the life cycle assessment (LCA) elements including energy, materials system and wastes.Comparative analysis of agro-food origin (local, regional, national, EU) were conducted for the 6 main ingredients included in the daily menus of UGAL students. The variables of EF for the transportation system were capacity and distance.
The ecological footprint analysis (EFA) was conducted in order to analyze the environmental impact of improved catering processing system by using an increasing amount of 15-25% regional organic agro-foods and 50% less amount of meat in the daily meals created for “Dunarea de Jos” University Galati (UGAL) students in 2010.
Independent studies, students collected data for the calculation of UGAL canteen footprint and analysis of surveys were conducted as methodology of the present research.
The following results were obtained in case of Eco-strategy implementation in the UGAL canteen: (1) reducing of UGAL canteen EF with 17.27% in the food module; (2) reducing of EF per student at 0.7554 gha from 0.9132 gha; (3) a reducing of food costs with 20.83%.
Actual statistics discuss about the contraction of the student population with 20% in the next 10 years and in the condition of resources limitation the Eco-management became a necessity in order to respect the regional biocapacity.
Economic Efficiency in Cultivation of Perrenial Grassland Leguminous for Seed Production
Authors: OLAR Marius Viorel , OLAR Mihai , OLAR Viorica , MORAR Gavrila , VAIDA Simona 
Published: December 2021

To study economic efficiency in the cultivation of perrenial grassland leguminous
for seed production in spring 2005 we have initiated studies regarding the optimization of
technological factors (fertilization, planting distance between rows, sowing norm, sowing time,
harvest time, how to prepare the bed germinative) to Medicago sativa Satellite variety, Trifolium
pratense Select 1 variety, Onobrychis vicifolia Splendid variety and Lotus corniculatus Alina variety,
experiments were seeded in three repetitions with harvested plot size of 10m square.
Data from the process charts for the years of study (2005 and 2006) were those obtained using
optimal productions: hay in year 1 and year 2 of cutting, straw production and seed production for
each species that were studied, but prices for materials and farming were those used in the usual
practice in agriculture.
After laborious studies conducted field and laboratory as well as the calculations was obtained
a greater economic efficiency if the species of vegetation cultivated for seed production was red clover
and in the worst for trefoil in the first two years, but was obtained a good economic efficiency in case
of lucerne and sainfoin cultivars.
STUDY ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTORS ABOUT THE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF CARROT JUICES
Authors: Bratu Magda Gabriela , Buruleanu Lavinia , Avram Daniela 
Published: December 2021

The influence of the storage time of vegetables - raw materials, the influence of fermentationÂ temperature and the influence of the glucose addition about the lactic acid fermentation unfolding has beenÂ studied.Â Fresh carrots and carrots stored five months were pressed to raw juice and heat-treated at 70 degrees C forÂ 20 minutes in the aim of destroy the undesirable microorganisms.Â Carrot juices were inoculated with lactic acid bacteria isolated from epiphytic microbiota at theÂ concentration of 4x105Â UFC/ml and fermented in a thermostat for 96 hours. During the fermentation theÂ following analytical parameters were established: reducing sugars, total acidity, pH, amino acids content, nitritesÂ content, ascorbic acid content.Â During fermentation the pH of carrot juices decreases from 6,15 to 3,99, while the total acidity increasesÂ from 0,06 to 1,62% (as lactic acid). Less than 25% of the initial content of ascorbic acid rests in the juices afterÂ 96 hours of fermentation.Â The amino acids content of juices, expressed as g N2/100g, increase with a middle of 50% in 96 hours,Â due of the proteins decomposition. The pre-digestion of these compounds improve the nutritional quality of theÂ lactofermented juices.Â We found that the glucose supplement hasnâ€™t a significant influence about the lactic acid accumulation.Â Also, at the end of the period of study, we found that the substratum metabolization was difficult in the sampleÂ with 1% glucose initial added.Â The quality of the raw materials, especially concerning the sugars content and the total acidity at theÂ beginning of the fermentation process is important because a rapidly increase of acidity minimizes the influenceÂ of spoilage bacteria.Â To proceed from the results of the sensory analysis and the results of the chemical analysis weÂ recommend stopping the fermentation of these juices after 72 hours.
QUANTIFICATION OF TOCOPHEROL AND FATTY ACID CONTENT IN SELECTED ROMANIAN CEREAL USING HPLC-FL AND GC-FID
Authors: Matea Cristian Tudor , Bele Constantin 
Published: December 2021

The objectif of this paper is determening the content of tocopherols using a HPLCÂ method with a FL detector and fatty acids in six romanian cereal grain varieties( wheat varieties: Ariesan,Â Dumbrava, Stil; maize varieties: Turda 201, Turda 160 and Turda 215).
Urban development and 2030 Agenda
Authors: Silva Marcia Regina Farias da , Dias Nildo da Silva , Silva Carlos Aldemir Farias da , Lima Alexandre de Oliveira 
Published: December 2021

Discussions about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urban sustainability can help in the search for elucidating urban problems, considering the imprecision and conflicts that orbit around the debate on urban sustainability and the term sustainable development. This debate can contribute to future actions and proposals for urban public policies. Thus, the objective was to discuss Objective 11 of the 2030 Agenda, which deals with Sustainable Cities and Communities, from the perspective of collaborating with the debate on urban sustainability, based on the case study of Mossoró (RN). As a methodological procedure, documental and bibliographical research was carried out, around themes such as urban sustainability, sustainable development, and the 2030 Agenda, aiming to raise a theoretical reflection on these themes. Primary sources were researched in public archives of the Municipality of Mossoró and academic websites. In addition, 70 questionnaires were applied together to students and public servants of Mossoro's public university . It was found that the city only fulfills its social function when it guarantees its inhabitants, habitation; circulation, leisure; work, accessibility, education, and health. The challenges to thinking about sustainable cities are numerous and, on the other hand, the solutions are in place, and, therefore, the admission of public policies aligned with the production and adoption of technologies for sustainable cities is the possible path.
International Environmental Protection in Armed Conﬂicts: Traditional Legal Regulation and Interpretation Novelties
Authors: Sokolova N. A. 
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to international legal protection of the environment during armed conflicts. The author emphasizes that armed conflicts, both international and non-international, continue to be one of the most serious threats to a healthy environment. An armed conflict taking place in the environment invariably poses a threat to ecosystems.The author summarizes that in international law there are special norms for the protection of natural environment during armed conflicts. At the same time, increasing the level of protection requires a clearer definition of the scope of application of customary law and the further development of treaty rules. While the objectives of protecting the natural environment are linked to the survival and protection of civilians, recognition of environmental protection during armed conflict as such constitutes an important trend. International law calls on States to enter into agreements that provide for additional protection of the natural environment during armed conflicts. The concept of “protecting the natural environment” in international humanitarian law refers to a wide range of obligations that can help protect the natural environment or its parts from damage. A high threshold for potential harm continues to pose the risk that such protection is not fully applicable in practice. There is an obvious tendency to use the potential of the principles of international environmental law when applying the norms of international humanitarian law. Thus, even in cases where the assessment of new means and methods of warfare does not provide scientific certainty with regard to their impact on the natural environment, this does not absolve the parties to the conflict from taking appropriate precautions. It is not enough that there are important rules of international humanitarian law protecting the natural environment during armed conflict; they need to be better disseminated, implemented and enforced, as well as validated and clarified.
Political Principles of the Cuban Socialism Doctrine: Towards the History of Emergence and Development
Authors: Sergeev A. L. 
Published: December 2021

Socialism as a political trend and a system of certain ideological positions has been experiencing a kind of renaissance in recent years. Cuban socialism is a special phenomenon of recent history, which has continuously existed and developed for six decades in the most difficult conditions of the North American foreign economic blockade and in the presence of other threats of a socio-political nature. Solving numerous issues of practical and transformative activity, the Cuban socialist doctrine generalized and formulated many new theoretical propositions, a number of which will be able to significantly influence the formation of an updated socialist doctrine claiming the ideological and semantic possibility of a world alternative.The paper analyzes the basic principles characterizing the doctrine of Cuban socialism in matters of ethics, relations with the church, the foundations of education, assessing the prospects of the institution of statehood in the 21st century, and evaluating other political projects that had points of joint intersection with Cuban socialist theory and practice.Cuban socialism is a specific phenomenon that arose as a result of a number of objective and subjective factors. By the end of the 1950s the century-and-a-half struggle of Cubans against colonial and then neocolonial exploitation were intensified by the Soviet vector and its influence in the international arena as the second great power with the aggravation of the Cold War. These factors together with the “island life” on a par with the Catholic, peasant community of the majority of the population, the sacrifice and service of several generations of the young Cuban elite, the combination of the cult of courage and guerrilla traditions with the special cruelty and repressiveness of the Spanish colonial apparatus of the 21st century, and then relying on American support of the Cuban dictatorships of the first half of the 20th century is a set of factors that gave rise to the “spring effect” in the social consciousness of the island society. In addition to objectively determined reasons, a huge role in the long-term maturation of the conditions for the emergence of the Cuban socialist project was played by the traditional personality for the Ibero-American culture. All of the above would have been impossible outside of the long-term activities of a whole galaxy of brilliant Cuban political leaders.
Pilonidal Sinüsün Cerrahi Tedavisinde Limberg Flep ile Karydakis Flep Karşılaştırılması: Retrospektif Klinik Çalışma
Authors: DAL M. Burak , ALTUN Hasan 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Pilonidal sinüs hastalığında altın standart tedavi metodu halen tartışmalı olmakla birlikte hastalığın tedavisinde, pek çok farklı görüş ve geliştirilmiş cerrahi metotlar vardır. Bizim bu çalışmada amacımız Karidakis flep ve Limberg flep tekniği uygulanan pilonidal sinuslerde iki cerrahi tekniğin erken dönem sonuçlarının kıyaslanmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Ocak 2009- Eylül 2009 tarihleri arasında sakrokoksigeal pilonidal sinüs tanısı ile Karydakis flep (Grup K) ve rhomboid eksizyon + Limberg flep (Grup L) cerrahisi uygulanan toplam 109 hasta dâhil edildi. Hasta seçiminde akut pilonidal sinüs apsesi olanlar ile komplike pilonidal sinüsü olanlar çalışmaya alınmadı. Ayrıca takip için kontrollerine gelmeyen ve ulaşılamayan hastalar çalışma dışında bırakıldı.
Bulgular: Grup L’de ki hastaların 67 erkek - 8 kadın, yaş ortalaması 26.34 (13-56) idi. Grup K’deki hastaların 26 erkek - 8 kadın, yaş ortalaması 27,42 (16-60) idi. Başvuru şikâyetleri sıklık sırasıyla akıntı, şişlik ve ağrı şeklindeydi. Hastaların 75’sine limberg flebi, 34 erkek hastaya ise Karydakis tekniğine uygun flep uygulandı. Limberg flep tekniği uygulanan toplam 75 hastadan 4 hastada ve Karydakis flep tekniği uygulanan toplam 34 hastadan 2 hastada postoperatif enfeksiyon gelişmiştir. Limberg flep tekniği uygulanan toplam 75 hastadan 3 hastaya nüks pilonidal sinüs tanısı konmuştur. Karydakis flep tekniği uygulanan toplam 34 hastadan 1 hastaya nüks pilonidal sinüs tanısı konmuştur.
Sonuç: Pilonidal sinüs hastalığında tüm şartları karşılayabilecek, ideal bir yöntem yoktur. Literatürde en düşük nüks oranları rhomboid eksizyon ve limberg flep tekniği yöntemindedir. Karydakis yöntemi hastanede yatış süresi, geç komplikasyonlar ve nüks oranında bir değişiklik oluşturmaksızın pilonidal sinüs tedavisinde Limberg flep yöntemine bir alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği kanısındayız.
Üst Gastrointestinal Sistemde Yabancı Cisimlerin Değerlendirilmesi: Tanı ve Tedavi
Authors: ÇANTAY Hasan , ANUK Turgut , SÜLÜ Barlas , BİNNETOĞLU Kenan , ALLAHVERDİ Tülay , GÖNÜLLÜ Doğan 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Araştırmada, yabancı cisim yutulması nedeniyle genel cerrahi kliniğinde acil endoskopi işlemi uygulanan ve endoskopi işleminin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda cerrahi yöntem ile tedavi edilen vakaların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikte yapılan araştırmanın verileri yabancı cisim yutan hastaların dosyalarından elde edilmiştir. 2017-2020 yılları arasında 21 yabancı cisim yutma vaka dosyaları taranmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS paket programında analiz edildi. Analizlerde frekanslar, yüzde ve ortalama, ortanca kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Yabancı cisim yutanların yarıdan fazlası (%52.3) erkektir. Yabancı cisimlerin %57.1 organik olup, en fazla en fazla üst özofagusta yerleşmiştir (%47.6). En sık görülen semptom disfaji (%38.1), %57.1’i ayaktan tedavi edilerek yatışa gerek duyulmamıştır. Komplikasyon oranı %14.3’tür. Vakaların %90.5’i endoskopi ile tanı konularak tedavi edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Yabancı cisimlerin gerek tanı ve gerekse tedavisinde en önemli yöntem endoskopik işlemdir. Endoskopinin yetersiz olduğu sınırlı sayıda vakada ise cerrahi gerekmektedir.
Testicular Seminomatous and Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Clinical and Pathological Features
Authors: GÜRSOY Didar , SEÇİNTİ İlke Evrim , GOKALP Fatih , HAKVERDİ Sibel , GÖRÜR Sadık 
Published: December 2021

Objective: In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the differences between the clinical and histopathological features of testicular seminomatous and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors diagnosed in our center in the recent 10 years.
Methods: All the patients in whom diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor was histologically confirmed in our center between January 2010 and May 2020 were involved in the study. The medical records of the patients were screened and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H+E) stained slides of the patients were re-evaluated. The tumor classification and primary tumor stage determination (pT) were carried out in accordance with the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs.
Results:The morphology of seminoma (SEM) and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSE-GCTs) were identified in 27 (51%) and 26 (49%) of the study patients, respectively. In the SEM group, patient ages ranged between 23-55 years (min-max) and median age was 33 years (IQR=26.0-41.0) while those values for the NSE-GCT cases were 16-44 years and 28 years (IQR=22.75-29.5), respectively. The evaluation of the pTs without subgroup discrimination demonstrated that 21 (39.6%), 31 (58.5%) and 1 (1.9%) of the tumors were Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3, respectively.
Conclusion: Testicular cancers are the most frequently seen malignancy in the young males and its incidence has increased in the recent years. The complete cure rate is approximately 100% thanks to early diagnosis as well as high chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of these tumors.
Romatoid Artritli Hastaların Perspektifinden Yaşam Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Sibel , KİMYON Gezmiş 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, romatoid artritli hastaların perspektifinden yaşam deneyimlerinin derinlemesine aktarılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve fenomenolojik olarak tasarlanan bu araştırma, 15 Temmuz- 15 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında romatoloji polikliniğine muayene olmak için gelen ve en az 1 yıldır romatoid artrit tanısı olan toplam 24 birey ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan “Hasta Tanıtım Formu” ve “Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu” ile yüz yüze görüşülerek toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler sırasında romatoid artritli hastaların ifadeleri ses kayıt cihazı ile kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yapılan kodlamalar sonucunda 3 tema belirlenmiştir. 1) Tanıya verilen ilk tepki, 2) Romatoid artrit semptomlarının hastalar üzerindeki etkisi, 3) Baş etme stratejileri. Romatoid artritli hastaların bir kısmı ilk tanı konulduğunda inkâr ve öfke yaşarken bir kısmı da aile üyelerinde aynı hastalık bulunduğu için kabullenmiştir. Hastalıkla birlikte yaşamları fiziksel, duygusal, emosyonel, sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan etkilenmiştir. Hastalıkla başa çıkarken tedaviye uyum sağlama, aile desteği alma, öz-yönetimlerini güçlendirme ve dine yönelme gibi yöntemleri kullandıkları belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, romatoid artritin hastaların yaşamlarını tanı konduğu andan itibaren nasıl etkilediğini ve hastalıkla nasıl baş ettiklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Sağlık profesyonellerinin hastalık yönetiminde hastanın bakış açısını dikkate alma ve holistik bir yaklaşımla tedavilerini oluşturmaları önerilmektedir.