bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repurposing of Anticancer Drugs Expands Possibilities for Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Discovery in COVID-19
Authors: Aldea Mihaela , Michot Jean-Marie , Danlos Francois-Xavier , Ribas Antoni , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented destabilization of the world's health and economic systems. The rapid spread and life-threatening consequences of COVID-19 have imposed testing of repurposed drugs, by investigating interventions already used in other indications, including anticancer drugs. The contours of anticancer drug repurposing have been shaped by similarities between the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and malignancies, including abnormal inflammatory and immunologic responses. In this review, we discuss the salient positive and negative points of repurposing anticancer drugs to advance treatments for COVID-19.Significance:Targeting anti-inflammatory pathways with JAK/STAT inhibitors or anticytokine therapies aiming to curb COVID-19–related cytokine storm, using antiangiogenic drugs to reduce vascular abnormalities or immune-checkpoint inhibitors to improve antiviral defenses, could be of value in COVID-19. However, conflicting data on drug efficacy point to the need for better patient selection and biomarker studies.
Design and implementation of a stability control system for TCP/AQM network
Authors: Shneen Salam Waley , Sulttan Mohammed Qasim , Oudah Manal Kadhim 
Published: April 2021

<p><span>In this work, we used a new approach as active queue management (AQM) to avoid data congestion in TCP/IP networks. The new approach is PSO-PI controller which use the proportional-integral controller as a control unit and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as an optimization technique to improve the performance of the PI controller and therefore improving the performance of TCP/IP networks as a required goal. The optimization control (PSO-PI) is characterized by access to design and choosing the optimal parameters of </span>(K_1 and K_p) <span>to reach optimal solutions in a short way (fewer iterations). The implementation of the PSO algorithm is achieving by using the mathematical system model and M-file and SIMULINK in Mathlab program. Simulation results show good congestion management performance with PSO-PI controller better than the PI controller as AQM in TCP networks, and the proposed method was very fast and required few iterations.</span></p>
Classification of rice plant nitrogen nutrient status using k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) with light intensity data
Authors: Muliady Muliady , Tien Sze Lim , Voon Chet Koo , Patra Suhadra 
Published: April 2021

<span>Crop management including the efficient use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is important to ensure crop productivity. Human error in judging the leaf greenness when using the leaf color chart (LCC) to estimate the rice plant N nutrient status has encouraged numerous researchers to implement a machine-learning algorithm but experienced some issues in calibration and lighting. The datasets are created at 6.00-7.00AM (consistent lighting) and including light intensity, so each dataset contains RGB value and light intensity as inputs, and LCC value as a target. A system consists of a smartphone with an application that prevents user from taking an image if the light intensity is not in 2000-3500 lux, and a computer for preprocessing and classification purposes were developed. The preprocessing included cropping, splitting the rice leaf images, and calculating the average RGB values. A k-NN classifier is implemented and by using a cross-validation method is found k=5 gives the best accuracy of 97,22%. The in-site test of the system also works with an accuracy of 96.40%. </span>
Design and monitoring body temperature and heart rate in humans based on WSN using star topology
Authors: Budiyanto Setiyo , Artadima Silaban Freddy , Medriavin Silalahi Lukman , Kurniawan Selamet , I. M. Fajar Rahayu , Darusalam Ucuk , Andryana Septi 
Published: April 2021

<span><span>Electronic health (E-health) uses information and communication technology including electronics, telecommunications, computers, and informatics to process various types of medical information, to carry out clinical services (diagnosis or therapy). Health is the most important asset in human life, therefore maintaining health is a top priority and serious attention needed. Heart rate and body temperature are vital signs that the hospital routinely checks for clinical signs and are useful for strengthening the diagnosis of a disease. In this research monitoring heart rate and body temperature with the wireless sensor network (WSN) method that uses <span>NodeMCU 1.0 as a controller module and wireless as communication between nodes, the wireless network used in this research Wi-Fi network. As a data taker, a DS18b20 temperature sensor and a heart rate sensor (pulse sensor) are needed, which will be displayed by the ThingSpeak web and smartphones. From the test results, the success rate of the system in detecting heart rates is 97.17%. Whereas in detecting body temperature the success rate of the system is 99.28%. For data transmission, the system can send data smoothly at a maximum distance of 15 meters with a barrier.</span></span></span>
Smart ambulance using IoT for blood transfer facilities
Authors: A. Torad Mohamed , H. Hossamel-din Yahia 
Published: April 2021

<span>In case of an accident occurrence, ambulance try to transport wounded and injured people to the nearest hospital, but if the injured persons need an urgent blood transfer, the emergency reception (ER) can check the availability of the needed blood type and quantity. If it is available, the emergency reception accepts the injured person, but if it is not available, the reception reroutes the ambulance to the nearest hospital which have the required blood type and quantity. So, a system created that save that wasted time to save injured people life as possible. So, we create a system that save that wasted time to save injured people life as possible. So, the main contribution in this paper is selecting and determining the nearest hospital that own the proper blood types to save injurjed people lives using dijkstra algorithm. In this study, we use an android application at the ambulance which permit the paramedic to login and select the required blood type and quantity needed after determining the injured person’s blood type and the android application automatically determine the nearest hospital using the best shortest path algorithm (SPA) after checking the database and generate a pin code for the paramedic to deliver it with injured person to the ER and get the needed blood. This process will consequently decrease the used blood quantity from the database.</span>
Divergent Functions of Tissue-Resident and Blood-Derived Macrophages in the Hemorrhagic Brain
Authors: Chang Che-Feng , Goods Brittany A. , Askenase Michael H. , Beatty Hannah E. , Osherov Artem , DeLong Jonathan H. , Hammond Matthew D. , Massey Jordan , Landreneau Margaret , Love J. Christopher , Sansing Lauren H. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
Brain tissue-resident microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are innate immune cells that contribute to the inflammatory response, phagocytosis of debris, and tissue repair after injury. We have previously reported that both microglia and MDMs transition from proinflammatory to reparative phenotypes over days after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, their individual functional properties in the brain remain largely unknown. Here we characterized the differences between microglia and MDMs and further elucidate their distinct activation states and functional contributions to the pathophysiology and recovery after ICH.

Methods:
Autologous blood injection was used to model ICH in mice. Longitudinal transcriptomic analyses on isolated microglia and MDMs from mice at days 1, 3, 7 and 10 after ICH and naive controls identified core transcriptional programs that distinguish these cells. Imaging flow cytometry and in vivo phagocytosis assays were used to study phagocytic ability of microglia and MDMs. Antigen presentation was evaluated by ovalbumin-OTII CD4 T-cell proliferation assays with bone marrow–derived macrophages and primary microglia cultures.

Results:
MDMs had higher phagocytic activity and higher erythrophagocytosis in the ICH brain. Differential gene expression revealed distinct transcriptional signatures in the MDMs and microglia after ICH. MDMs had higher expression of MHCII (major histocompatibility complex class II) genes than microglia at all time points and greater ability to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.

Conclusions:
The different ontogeny of microglia and MDMs lead to divergent responses and functions in the inflamed brain as these 2 cell populations differ in phagocytic functions and antigen-presenting capabilities in the brain after ICH.
ADABBOY: African Dust And Biomass Burning Over Yucatan
Authors: Raga Graciela B. , Ladino Luis A. , Baumgardner Darrel , Ramirez-Romero Carolina , Córdoba Fernanda , Alvarez-Ospina Harry , Rosas Daniel , Amador Talib , Miranda Javier , Rosas Irma , Jaramillo Alejandro , Yakobi-Hancock Jacqueline , Kim Jong Sung , Martínez Leticia , Salinas Eva , Figueroa Bernardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) emissions and African dust (AD) are often associated with poor regional air quality, particularly in the tropics. The Yucatan Peninsula is a fairly pristine site due to predominant trade winds, but occasionally BB and AD plumes severely degrade its air quality. The African Dust And Biomass Burning Over Yucatan (ADABBOY) project (January 2017–August 2018) was conducted in the Yucatan Peninsula to characterize physical and biological properties of particulate pollution at remote seaside and urban sites. The 18-month-long project quantified the large interannual variability in frequency and spatial extent of BB and AD plumes. Remote and urban sites experienced air quality degradation under the influence of these plumes, with up to 200% and 300% increases in coarse particle mass under BB and AD influence, respectively. ADABBOY is the first project to systematically characterize elemental composition of airborne particles as a function of these sources and identify bioaerosol over Yucatan. Bacteria, actinobacteria (both continental and marine), and fungi propagules vary seasonally and interannually and revealed the presence of very different species and genera associated with different sources. A novel contribution of ADABBOY was the determination of the ice-nucleating abilities of particles emitted by different sources within an undersampled region of the world. BB particles were found to be inefficient ice-nucleating particles at temperatures warmer than −20°C, whereas both AD and background marine aerosol activated ice-nucleating particles below −10°C.
How Does Vertical Wind Shear Influence Entrainment in Squall Lines?
Authors: Mulholland Jake P. , Peters John M. , Morrison Hugh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe influence of vertical wind shear on updraft entrainment in squall lines is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, a suite of high-resolution idealized numerical model simulations of squall lines were run in various vertical wind shear (hereafter “shear”) environments to study the effects of shear on entrainment in deep convective updrafts. Low-level horizontal mass flux into the leading edge of the cold pool was strongest in the simulations with the strongest low-level shear. These simulations consequently displayed wider updrafts, less entrainment-driven dilution, and larger buoyancy than the simulations with comparatively weak low-level shear. An analysis of vertical accelerations along trajectories that passed through updrafts showed larger net accelerations from buoyancy in the simulations with stronger low-level shear, which demonstrates how less entrainment-driven dilution equated to stronger updrafts. The effects of upper-level shear on entrainment and updraft vertical velocities were generally less pronounced than the effects of low-level shear. We argue that in addition to the outflow boundary-shear interactions and their effect on updraft tilt established by previous authors, decreased entrainment-driven dilution is yet another beneficial effect of strong low-level shear on squall-line updraft intensity.
Centennial-scale variability of terrestrial near-surface wind speed over China from reanalysis
Authors: Shen Cheng , Zha Jinlin , Wu Jian , Zhao Deming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvestigations of variations and causes of near-surface wind speed (NWS) further understanding of the atmospheric changes and improve the ability of climate analysis and projections. NWS varies on multiple temporal scales; however, the centennial-scale variability in NWS and associated causes over China remains unknown. In this study, we employ the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C) to study the centennial-scale changes in NWS from 1900–2010. Meanwhile, a forward stepwise regression algorithm is used to reveal the relationships between NWS and large-scale ocean-atmosphere circulations. The results show three unique periods in annual mean NWS over China from 1900–2010. The annual mean NWS displayed a decreasing trend of -0.87% decade-1 and -11.75% decade-1 from 1900–1925 and 1957–2010, respectively, which were caused by the decreases in the days with strong winds, with trends of -6.64 and -4.66 days decade-1, respectively. The annual mean NWS showed an upward trend of 55.47% decade-1 from 1926–1956, which was caused by increases in the days with moderate (0.43 days decade-1) and strong winds (23.55 days decade-1). The reconstructed wind speeds based on forward stepwise regression algorithm matched well with the original wind speeds; therefore, the decadal changes in NWS over China at centennial-scale were mainly induced by large-scale ocean-atmosphere circulations, with the total explanation power of 66%. The strongest explanation power was found in winter (74%), and the weakest explanation power was found in summer (46%).
The numerical implementation of land models: Problem formulation and laugh tests
Authors: Clark Martyn P. , Zolfaghari Reza , Green Kevin R. , Trim Sean , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Bennett Andrew , Nijssen Bart , Ireson Andrew , Spiteri Raymond J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe intent of this paper is to encourage improved numerical implementation of land models. Our contributions in this paper are two-fold. First, we present a unified framework to formulate and implement land model equations. We separate the representation of physical processes from their numerical solution, enabling the use of established robust numerical methods to solve the model equations. Second, we introduce a set of synthetic test cases (the laugh tests) to evaluate the numerical implementation of land models. The test cases include storage and transmission of water in soils, lateral sub-surface flow, coupled hydrological and thermodynamic processes in snow, and cryosuction processes in soil. We consider synthetic test cases as “laugh tests” for land models because they provide the most rudimentary test of model capabilities. The laugh tests presented in this paper are all solved with the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives model (SUMMA) implemented using the SUite of Nonlinear and DIfferential/Algebraic equation Solvers (SUNDIALS). The numerical simulations from SUMMA/SUNDIALS are compared against (1) solutions to the synthetic test cases from other models documented in the peer-reviewed literature; (2) analytical solutions; and (3) observations made in laboratory experiments. In all cases, the numerical simulations are similar to the benchmarks, building confidence in the numerical model implementation. We posit that some land models may have difficulty in solving these benchmark problems. Dedicating more effort to solving synthetic test cases is critical in order to build confidence in the numerical implementation of land models.
Survey of Anesthesiologists on Topical Vasoconstrictors and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Feng Max , Lao Veronica F. , Choby Garret , Bolton Patrick B. , Marino Michael J. , Weingarten Toby N. , Humphreys Ian M. , Dhillon Sabrina K. , Choi Byeong Y. , Fernandez Roman A. , Mehter Najma S. , Chen Philip G. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Topical vasoconstrictors and intravenous tranexamic acid (IV TXA) are safe and efficacious to decrease bleeding and improve the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The purpose of this study was to investigate practice patterns, awareness of clinical evidence, and comfort levels among anesthesia providers regarding these hemostatic agents for ESS. Methods: A total of 767 attending anesthesiologists, residents, and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) at 5 United States academic centers were invited to participate in a survey regarding their experience with IV TXA and 3 topical vasoconstrictor medications (oxymetazoline, epinephrine, and cocaine) during ESS. Results: 330 (47%) anesthesia providers responded to the electronic survey. 113 (97%) residents, 92 (83%) CRNAs, and 52 (68%) attendings managed 5 or fewer ESS cases per month. Two-thirds of providers had not reviewed efficacy or safety literature for these hemostatic agents. Oxymetazoline was perceived safest, followed by epinephrine, IV TXA, and cocaine. Respondents considered potential side effects over surgical field visibility when selecting agents. The majority of providers had no formal training on these agents for ESS, but indicated interest in educational opportunities. Conclusion: Many anesthesia providers are unfamiliar with safety and efficacy literature regarding agents used to improve hemostasis for ESS, highlighting a need for development of relevant educational resources. Rhinologic surgeons have an opportunity to communicate with anesthesia colleagues on the use of hemostatic agents to improve the surgical field during ESS.
Head Over Wheels: Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries Secondary to Mountain Biking
Authors: Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Xiao Chris , Chou David W. , Krishnan Srikanth , Christian Ashton B. , Labadie Kevin P. , Brodsky Merrick A. , Liang Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The popularity of mountain biking (MTB) in the United States has risen in recent years. We sought to identify the prevalence and distribution of MTB associated head and neck injuries presenting to emergency departments across the U.S. and identify risk factors for hospital admission in this patient population. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for MTB related injuries of the head and neck from 2009 to 2018, with analysis for incidence, age, gender, anatomic site, and diagnoses. Results: A total of 486 cases were identified, corresponding to an estimated 18 952 head and neck MTB related ED visits. Patients were predominantly male (80.7%) and white (69.8%) with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range, 21-46 years). A majority (88.4%) of patients were released from the ED, but a significant proportion of patients were admitted (9.2%) or transferred (1.2%). The most common facial fractures were facial/not specified (35%), nasal bone (29%), mandible (15%), orbit (12%), and zygomaxillary complex (9%). The greatest predictors of hospital admission/transfer were injury to the mouth or neck and avulsion-type injury ( P < .001). Conclusions: MTB results in a significant number of traumatic head and neck injuries nationwide. Patients are primarily adult, white males. The majority of injuries result in discharge from the ED, however a small amount of these patients experience significant morbidity necessitating hospital admission. Understanding the distribution of MTB head and neck injuries may aid in the clinical evaluation of these patients. Level of Evidence: 4
“Sumak Kawsay Is Harmful for All of Us”: Oil Roads and Well-being among the Waorani in Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Bravo Díaz Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Exploration of the notion of waponi kewemonipa (living well) among Waorani people living near oil camps suggests that the extractivist developmental model delivered by the Ecuadorian government in the name of buen vivir (living well) is harmful to their experience of well-being. For Waorani living well is related to peace, collective happiness, and certain ecological experiences. The forest, a socio-biological ecological milieu, is the ideal locus of the Waorani conception of living well, but environmental changes related to oil camps and roads challenge their health and vitality. La exploración de la noción de waponi kewemonipa (o buen vivir) entre los waorani que viven cerca de los campamentos petroleros sugiere que el modelo de desarrollo extractivista fomentado por el gobierno ecuatoriano en nombre del “buen vivir” es perjudicial para la experiencia indígena del bienestar. Para los Waorani, vivir bien se relaciona con la paz, la felicidad colectiva y ciertas experiencias de índole ecológico. El bosque, un ambiente socio-biológico, es el locus ideal de la concepción waorani del buen vivir, pero los cambios ecológicos relacionados con los campos petroleros y las carreteras dificulta la experiencia de su salud y vitalidad.
The Buen vivir Postdevelopmentalist Paradigm under Ecuador’s Citizens’ Revolution Governments (2007–2017): An Appraisal
Authors: Benalcázar Patricio Carpio , de la Rosa Francisco Javier Ullán 
Published: April 2021

Buen vivir (good living) is an alternative postcapitalist and postdevelopmentalist paradigm born in Latin America whose concepts were incorporated into the 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution. An appraisal of the divergence between the paradigm, its legal projection, and the public policies undertaken by the so-called Citizens’ Revolution governments (2007–2017) under President Rafael Correa concludes that the structural transformations in the economic, political, social, and cultural realms envisaged by the buen vivir paradigm never took place. What Ecuadorian governments implemented during the decade was actually a capitalist neo-developmentalist scheme with some social-welfare policies of a social-democratic nature. El “buen vivir” es un paradigma postcapitalista y postdesarrollodista alternativo nacido en América Latina cuyos conceptos fueron incorporados a la Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008. Un análisis de la divergencia entre el paradigma, su proyección legal y las políticas públicas emprendidas por los llamados gobiernos de la Revolución Ciudadana (2007–2017) bajo el presidente Rafael Correa muestra que las transformaciones estructurales en los ámbitos económico, político, social y cultural previstas por el paradigma del buen vivir nunca se llevaron a cabo. Lo que implementaron los gobiernos ecuatorianos durante la década fue en realidad un esquema neo-desarrollista capitalista con algunas políticas de bienestar social de carácter socialdemócrata.