bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economy Wide Impact of Trade Restrictions on Exporters: Evidence Based on a New Measurement Applied to India
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Sikdar Chandrima 
Published: December 2024

Significant trade barriers exist worldwide despite formal efforts at lowering these. Against this backdrop, the present article proposes to examine the economy wide impact of import restrictions on an exporting country based on a new measure for trade restrictiveness. This measure is based on tariffs, non-tariff measures (NTMs) and border trade restrictions imposed by importing countries. Using India as a case, the empirical results of the article suggest that Indian exporters have been grappling with substantial trade restrictions over the years, particularly on account of NTMs. The economy suffered welfare losses due to fall in exports, output, employment, terms of trade and loss in allocative efficiency. Tariffs and NTMs have received much attention from academia and policymakers. But, due to their relatively smaller share in trade restrictions, trading across border restrictions has received much lesser attention. However, as observed in the present article, though border restrictions appear marginal, their welfare and other macroeconomic impacts are substantial. Hence, to ignore these restrictions is likely to result in significant underestimation of trade restrictions faced by exporters. JEL Codes: F1, F13, F140
Migraine in the multiple sclerosis prodrome: a prospective nationwide cohort study in pregnant women
Authors: Eid Karine , Torkildsen Øivind , Aarseth Jan , Cortese Marianna , Holmøy Trygve , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Riise Trond , Wergeland Stig , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte-Helene 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk of migraine. However, little is known about migraine and other headaches during the prodromal phase (before MS symptom onset). Our objective was to study the risk of migraine in women with MS before MS onset.

Methods
A nationwide, prospective cohort study of women participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study 1999–2008. The women reported the occurrence of migraine and other headaches prior to or during pregnancy. We identified women who later developed MS through data linkage with national health registries in 2018. We excluded women with an established MS diagnosis (n = 125) and women who had experienced their first clinical symptom of MS, but not yet received an MS diagnosis (n = 91). The reference group comprised all other women in the cohort (n = 85,292). We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Two hundred and forty-six women developed MS during follow-up. Of these, 116 women had MS symptom onset after 1–5 years, 92 after 6–10 years, and 38 after 10 years. Migraine was more common among women who developed MS compared to the reference group, 18% vs 11%, aOR 1.6 (1.2–2.3), adjusted for age, smoking, socioeconomic status and overweight. The risk of other headaches was similar for women who developed MS compared to the reference group, 29% vs 27%, aOR 1.1 (0.8–1.4). Migraine was reported by 21 of 116 (18%) women with $$\le$$
≤
5 years until MS symptom onset (aOR 1.7 [1.1–2.8]) and 19 of 92 (21%) women with 6–10 years until MS symptom onset (aOR 1.9 [1.1–2.8]. Only three of 38 (8%) women with > 10 years until MS symptom onset reported migraine, aOR 0.7 (0.2–2.2).

Conclusions
Women with MS have increased risk of migraine, but not other headaches, up to a decade before the onset of classical MS symptoms. This supports that migraine can be a symptom of the MS prodrome. Special attention in people with migraine may lead to earlier recognition of MS.
Molecular dissection of laboratory contamination between two schistosome populations
Authors: Jutzeler Kathrin S. , Platt Roy N. , LI Xue , Morales Madison , Diaz Robbie , Le Clec’h Winka , Chevalier Frédéric D. , Anderson Timothy J. C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Genomic analysis has revealed extensive contamination among laboratory-maintained microbes including malaria parasites, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Salmonella spp. Here, we provide direct evidence for recent contamination of a laboratory schistosome parasite population, and we investigate its genomic consequences. The Brazilian Schistosoma mansoni population SmBRE has several distinctive phenotypes, showing poor infectivity, reduced sporocyst number, low levels of cercarial shedding and low virulence in the intermediate snail host, and low worm burden and low fecundity in the vertebrate rodent host. In 2021 we observed a rapid change in SmBRE parasite phenotypes, with a 10-fold increase in cercarial production and fourfold increase in worm burden.

Methods
To determine the underlying genomic cause of these changes, we sequenced pools of SmBRE adults collected during parasite maintenance between 2015 and 2023. We also sequenced another parasite population (SmLE) maintained alongside SmBRE without phenotypic changes.

Results
While SmLE allele frequencies remained stable over the 8-year period, we observed sudden changes in allele frequency across the genome in SmBRE between July 2021 and February 2023, consistent with expectations of laboratory contamination. (i) SmLE-specific alleles increased in the SmBRE population from 0 to 41–46% across the genome between September and October 2021, reflecting the timing and magnitude of the contamination event. (ii) After contamination, strong selection (s ≅0.23) drove the replacement of low-fitness SmBRE with high-fitness SmLE alleles. (iii) Allele frequency changed rapidly across the whole genome, except for a region on chromosome 4, where SmBRE alleles remained at high frequency.

Conclusions
We were able to detect contamination in this case because SmBRE shows distinctive phenotypes. However, this would likely have been missed with phenotypically similar parasites. These results provide a cautionary tale about the importance of tracking the identity of parasite populations, but also showcase a simple approach to monitor changes within populations using molecular profiling of pooled population samples to characterize single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We also show that genetic drift results in continuous change even in the absence of contamination, causing parasites maintained in different labs (or sampled from the same lab at different times) to diverge.

Graphical Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes showed molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Ardpairin Jiranun , Subkrasae Chanakan , Dumidae Abdulhakam , Pansri Supawan , Homkaew Chanatinat , Meesil Wipanee , Kumchantuek Tewarat , Phoungpetchara Ittipon , Dillman Adler R. , Pavesi Coralie , Bode Helge B. , Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Vitta Apichat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Biomphalaria glabrata acts as the intermediate host of schistosomes that causes human schistosomiasis. Symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus associated with Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, produce secondary metabolites with several biological activities. Controlling B. glabrata is a potential strategy to limit the transmission of schistosomiasis. The aims of this study were to identify Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria based on recA sequencing and evaluate their molluscicidal activity against B. glabrata snail.

Results
A total of 31 bacterial isolates belonging to Xenorhabdus (n = 19) and Photorhabdus (n = 12) (X. ehlersii, X. stockiae, X. indica, X. griffinae, P. luminescens, P. akhurstii, and P. laumondii subsp. laumondii were molecularly identified based on recA sequencing. Five isolates of bacterial extracts showed potential molluscicide, with 100% snail mortality. P. laumondii subsp. laumondii (bALN19.5_TH) showed the highest effectiveness with lethal concentration (LC) values of 54.52 µg/mL and 89.58 µg/mL for LC50 and LC90, respectively. Histopathological changes of the snail were observed in the head–foot region, which showed ruptures of the epithelium covering the foot and deformation of the muscle fiber. A hemocyte of the treated snails was observed in the digestive tubules of the digestive glands. The hermaphrodite glands of treated snails showed a reduction in the number of spermatozoa, degeneration of oocytes, and deformation and destruction in the hermaphrodite gland. In addition, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) of three symbiotic bacteria contained compounds such as GameXPeptide, Xenofuranone, and Rhabdopeptide.

Conclusions
Five bacterial extracts showed good activity against B. glabrata, especially P. laumondii subsp. laumondii and X. stockiae, which produced virulent secondary metabolites resulting in the death of the snails. They also caused histopathological alterations in the foot, digestive glands, and hermaphrodite glands of the snails. This study suggests that extracts from these bacteria show promise as molluscicides for the control of B. glabrata.

Graphical abstract
Microbial diversity of soils under different land use and chemical conditions
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hwan , Adhikari Mahesh , Jeong Seok Soon , Lee Sang Phil , Kim Hyuck Soo , Lee Geon Seung , Park Duck Hwan , Kim Heejung , Yang Jae E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil microbial communities are crucial to ecosystem functionality, influencing soil fertility and health. Microbial diversity in soil is impacted by various land-use practices and environmental conditions, but the effects on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the influence of different land-use types and soil chemical properties on the composition and diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Soil samples were collected from seven distinct locations in South Korea, representing various land uses, including paddy fields, upland fields, forest areas, hydrocarbon- and heavy-metal-contaminated sites, greenhouse soils, and reclaimed tidal soils. Alpha diversity, assessed using Chao1 and Shannon indices, and beta diversity, evaluated through Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), were used to characterize microbial diversity. Soil chemical properties were analyzed, and their relationships with microbial community structure were examined. Results revealed significant variations in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversities across different land uses. Soils under conventional agricultural management (paddy and upland fields) showed higher microbial diversity compared to soils with high salinity, contamination, or low suitability for agriculture. Prokaryotic communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with variations in abundance linked to soil condition and quality. Eukaryotic communities predominantly consisted of Opisthokonta, SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates and Rhizaria), and Amoebozoa, with distinct abundance patterns across different soils. In conclusion, land-use practices and soil chemical properties significantly influence microbial diversity and community composition. Soils subjected to less stress, e.g., agricultural soils, exhibited higher microbial diversity, while stressed soils, e.g., contaminated and saline soils, showed reduced diversity. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the interplay between land management and microbial ecology for optimizing soil fertility and health.
Remote STEM education in the post-pandemic period: challenges from the perspective of students and faculty
Authors: Maisano Domenico A. , Carrera Giovanna , Mastrogiacomo Luca , Franceschini Fiorenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines the critical aspects of remote STEM education in the post-pandemic period, from the perspectives of students and faculty at four European universities. This research was conducted approximately four years after the COVID-19 pandemic began, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of remote learning alongside advancements in educational technology and teaching models. Data were collected via structured questionnaires from over five hundred students and almost two hundred faculty members from four European universities. The study focused on resource availability, technical responsiveness, training adequacy, online assessment feedback, and social dynamics. Results reveal notable discrepancies between student and faculty perceptions regarding both assessment feedback and the significance of student-faculty interactions. While students viewed timely and detailed feedback as essential to their learning, faculty placed less emphasis on it, prioritizing instead the importance of direct interactions with students, a factor that students themselves considered less critical. Despite these differences, both groups acknowledged the broader challenges to educational quality and academic integrity. The study also found a general consensus among the universities involved, with no significant gender bias. These findings provide valuable insights for educational policymakers and institutions, helping refine remote teaching strategies and assessment methods to improve the quality and effectiveness of remote STEM education.
Fedrtid: an efficient shuffle federated learning via random participation and adaptive time constraint
Authors: Yang Qiantao , Du Xuehui , Wu Xiangyu , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Aodi , Wang Shihao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFederated learning is a promising new distributed machine learning paradigm, where the client realizes secure and collaborative multi-user training of machine learning models by retaining private data and sharing model parameters with the server. However, with the frequent interaction of model parameters between the client and the server, the client will consume a large amount of network and arithmetic resources, and resource-constrained clients can hardly maintain model security while ensuring the efficiency of collaborative user training. Therefore, we propose FedRtid, a shuffle differential privacy federated learning scheme with random participation and adaptive time constraints, to improve the efficiency of collaborative user training while considering model privacy. First, in model training, the participating clients have the right to decide on random participation in training locally and independently, to alleviate the user’s resource constraints and reduce the time of user interaction to train the model, while adding differential noise to the shared model parameters to ensure model security. In addition, to avoid the global model security decline of server aggregation due to fewer clients participating in training, and the model accuracy decline caused by adding differential noise to all model parameters, we constructed user sparsification and adaptive time-constrained shuffle techniques to reduce the number of model parameters to which the user adds noise, and enhance the model security. Under two types of data distributions, independently and identically distributed and non-independently and identically distributed, we conduct a large number of experiments on three real datasets, and the results show that FedRtid can effectively balance the accuracy and privacy of the model.
Metabolic syndrome prediction based on body composition indices
Authors: Alkhatib Buthaina , Orabi Aliaa , Agraib Lana M. , Al-Shami Islam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important public health issue that has been lately linked as a growing concern worldwide.

The objective
To find out which anthropometric and body composition indices can prognosticate MetS in Jordanian adult females.

Methods
A sample of 656 Jordanian adult females was recruited (January–March 2024) in the middle of Jordan. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference, lipid profile (triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein), fasting plasma glucose, and blood pressure were measured. Fat mass index (FMI), body mass index (BMI), fat-to-muscle ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The presence or absence of MetS was the outcome of interest. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to examine the predictive accuracy of the indices, and the area under the curve (AUC) was measured.

Results
40.6% had MetS, and their mean age was 45.5 years. 90.2% of the participants with MetS were obese based on body fat percentage. The MetS participants had significantly higher means of all the anthropometric indices except the fat-to-muscle ratio. None of the MetS participants were underweight, and 70.8% and 73.8% were obese based on BMI and WHR, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest proportion of the MetS participants (35.5%) was within the Q4 of the FMI compared to those without MetS (p<0.001). The discrimination ability for all indices was almost equal in predicting the existence of MetS (fair prediction power; AUC = 0.66–0.72), except for the fat-to-muscle ratio, which had poor prediction power.

Conclusion
Fat mass %, muscle mass %, FMI, BMI, and WHR could be used as predictors of MetS in Jordanian females, while the fat-to-muscle ratio was not. We suggested that more extensive sample size studies from both genders and different age categories are necessary to develop a superior predictor for MetS in Jordan.
Relationship between sleep disturbances, alexithymia, psychiatric problems, and clinical variables in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ahmed Gellan K. , Hasaballa Elshaimaa I. , Abdalla Alaa A. , Refaee Abdelrahman , Nofal Marwa , Shaban Mohamed , Abdurrahman Enas AM. , Shehata Salma , Alsaied Rawan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children is frequently associated with sleep disorders. The prevalence of these disorders varies by region attributable to variations in co-sleeping customs, nocturnal rituals, and environmental influences. This study aims to assess sleep problems and their related characteristics among children diagnosed with T1DM in the Upper Egypt region. This cross-sectional study involved 118 children with T1DM, aged 6 to 12 years. The outcomes from the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) were utilized to categorize the subjects into two groups: the first group comprised individuals with sleep problems (N = 70), and the second group included individuals with non-sleep problems (N = 48). All participants were evaluated using the Socioeconomic Scale, the Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation–9 (CEER-9), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and the Children’s Alexithymia Measure (CAM).

Results
Sleep problems were prevalent in 59.3% of participants. Children with sleep problems had elevated rates of overweight/obesity, ocular problems increased medication usage, exercise difficulties, diminished quality of life, higher mean scores on the emotional regulation scale, and greater levels of alexithymia as compared to those without sleep disorders. The prevalence of conduct and hyperactivity problems was greater in children with sleep problems compared to those without sleep problems. Regression analysis revealed that increased BMI, presence of ocular issues, higher alexithymia scores, and poor quality of life were associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing sleep problems.

Conclusions
Nearly two-thirds of children with T1DM in Upper Egypt experienced sleep problems. These issues were associated with higher BMI, ocular problems, elevated alexithymia scores, and poorer quality of life.
Seek of identity in Fatih Erdoğan’s ‘The Man Whose Eye Hurts a Lot’
Authors: Huseynzade Aysel 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of this study is to analyze and assess the process of identity formation in Fatih Erdoğan’s work “The Man Whose Eye Hurts a Lot” (2015). The analyzes of such unprecedented works are important for pioneering and contributing to the future studies. This study evaluates social alienation of Keramettin Bey as a part of his identity problem, and the impacts of this alienation on the seek of identity. In this study, document analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used. Although the things Keramettin Bey go through are narrated in a somewhat humorous language, a thought-provoking narration style is adopted in the work. The author puts emphasis on the seek of identity, the alienation causing that, and the main reasons behind such alienation. As a result, it is observed that Keramettin Bey completed this process in a positive way and has a guiding impact, serving as a model to the readers.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Fatih Erdoğan’ın “Gözü Çok Ama Çok Ağrıyan Adam” (2015) adlı eserinde görülen kimlikleşme sürecinin tahlil ve değerlendirmesinin yapılmasıdır. Örneklerine çok az rastlanan bu tür eserlerin analizleri, ileride bu konuda yapılacak araştırmalara öncülük etmesi ve katkı sunması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmada, kimlik sorununun bir parçası olarak Keramettin Bey’in topluma yabancılaşması ve bu yabancılaşmanın kimlik arayışı üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Eserde, Keramettin Bey’in yaşadığı olaylar yer yer mizahi bir dille sunulsa da düşünmeye sevk eden bir anlatı tarzı benimsenmiş; kimlik arayışı, bu arayışa sebep olan yabancılaşmaya ve yabancılaşmayı doğuran temel sebepler üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonuç olarak Keramettin Bey’in bu süreci olumlu bir şekilde tamamladığı ve okurlara örnek teşkil ederek bireylere yol gösterebilecek bir nitelik taşıdığı görülmüştür.