bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting disease severity in children with combined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using quantitative features from structural MRI of amygdaloid and hippocampal subfields
Authors: Song Shanghu , Qiu Jianfeng , Lu Weizhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Volumetric changes in the amygdaloid and hippocampal subfields have been observed in children with combined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-C). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether volumetric changes in the amygdaloid and hippocampal subfields could be used to predict disease severity in children with ADHD-C. Approach. The data used in this study was from ADHD-200 datasets, a total of 76 ADHD-C patients were included in this study. T1 structural MRI data were used and 64 structural features from the amygdala and hippocampus were extracted. Three ADHD rating scales were used as indicators of ADHD severity. Sequential backward elimination (SBE) algorithm was used for feature selection. A linear support vector regression (SVR) was configured to predict disease severity in children with ADHD-C. Main results. The three ADHD rating scales could be accurately predicted with the use of SBE-SVR. SBE-SVR achieved the highest accuracy in predicting ADHD index with a correlation of 0.7164 (p < 0.001, tested with 1000-time permutation test). Mean squared error of the SVR was 43.6868, normalized mean squared error was 0.0086, mean absolute error was 3.2893. Several amygdaloid and hippocampal subregions were significantly related to ADHD severity, as revealed by the absolute weight from the SVR model. Significance. The proposed SBE-SVR could accurately predict the severity of patients with ADHD-C based on quantitative features extracted from the amygdaloid and hippocampal structures. The results also demonstrated that the two subcortical nuclei could be used as potential biomarkers in the progression and evaluation of ADHD.
Influence of magnesium and strontium substitutions in the structure of hydroxyapatite lattice on the deposition rate and properties of the CaP coatings formed via RF-sputtering of the powder targets
Authors: Fedotkin A Y , Kozelskaya A I , Korotchenko N M , Gigilev A S , Shesterikov E V , Tverdokhlebov S I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work is dedicated to studying of the properties of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) of three hydroxyapatite-based powder targets: pure hydroxyapatite (HA), Mg-substituted HA (Mg-HA, Mg = 0.93 ± 0.13 at.%) and Sr-substituted HA (Sr-HA, Sr ∼ 0.47 at.%). The influence of ionic substitutions in the structure of the sputtered targets on the surface morphology, physicochemical properties of the coatings and their wettability were studied. It is revealed that Mg and Sr ionic substitutions in the crystal lattice of HA at these concentrations don’t affect deposition rate, however, it influences morphology, wettability and elemental and phase composition of deposited coatings.
Regularities of structure and properties modification of the steel surface layer as a result of high-cycle high-speed melting of the “film (Si + Nb) / (steel) substrate” system by an intense pulsed electron beam
Authors: Koval N N , Ivanov Yu F , Shugurov V V , Teresov A D , Petrikova E A , Rygina M E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface alloying is a promising method for improving the service characteristics of machine parts and mechanisms. The aim of this work is to analyze the patterns of evolution of the elemental and phase composition, the state of the defect substructure of the surface layer of carbon steel subjected to multi-cycle treatment (the number of cycles was varied from 1 to 5), which combines the formation of a film / substrate system and irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam. Silicon and niobium are used as alloying elements. It has been established that irradiation of the system “film (Si + Nb) / (steel 5135) substrate” at an electron beam energy density of 20 J / cm2 leads to the formation of a multiphase high-speed cellular crystallization structure in the surface layer. The size of the crystallization cells varies from 180 nm to 520 nm, reaching the maximum size after 3 cycles of deposition-irradiation. The surface layer of steel is quenched during processing to form a martensitic structure. It was found that the Nb5Si3 is the hardening phase of the modified layer, the maximum amount of what (up to 9 wt%) was revealed after three processing cycles. It is shown that the maximum hardness of the surface layer of modified steel 5135, equal to 9300 MPa (3.2 times higher than the hardness of steel 5135 in the initial state), is achieved after 3 cycles of deposition / irradiation. The wear resistance of steel at this processing mode increases more than 90 times. It has been suggested that the hardening of steel surface layer is due to the formation of a quenched structure and the release of niobium silicide particles.
Metallic (CoFe)/Cu superlattices with record microwave giant magnetoresistive effect
Authors: Rinkevich A B , Milyaev M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Technology of preparation of (CoFe)/Cu superlattices by magnetron sputtering is discussed. The parameters of growth have been obtained which allows to get superlattices with very high magnetoresistance. Methods of characterization of superlattices are described. Microwave magnetoresistance in millimeter waveband is measured by transmission method. The record value of microwave magnetoresistance exceeding 80% is obtained.
Structure and peculiarities of boundary friction of ta-C coatings obtained by pulse-plasma deposition
Authors: Samusenko V D , Zavidovskii I A , Streletskii O A , Buyanovskii I A , Khrushchov M M , Petrzhik M I , Shcherbakov Yu I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of an investigation of thin ta-C coatings obtained by the method of pulse-plasma deposition concerning the peculiarities of their structural state and tribological behavior in boundary lubrication conditions have been presented.
Thin-film bioinert vacuum ion-plasma coatings for medical implants
Authors: Shekhtman S R , Suhova N A , Migranov M Sh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses bioinert coatings used to protect the surface of implants from aggressive effects. Studies on adhesive strength, corrosion and wear resistance are presented, showing that the nanostructured coating obtained by the developed technology has enhanced performance properties. The studies were conducted using modern techniques for assessing the properties of coated materials. The main stages of the technology of vacuum ion-plasma deposition of coatings are described.
Thermal insulators based on abundant waste materials
Authors: Alhabeeb B A , Mohammed H N , Alhabeeb S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Any airconditioned zone must be thermally insulated from its surroundings to maintain the desired temperature. Thermal insulators thus play a significant role in reducing heat transfer between airconditioned areas and their surroundings to save energy. Thermal insulators are usually made from materials with low thermal conductivity, and to reduce the cost of such insulators, this study investigated the use of waste organic materials as thermal insulators. This study is the second part of a project that aims to achieve an optimised insulator from both the thermal and economic perspectives. To achieve this, the heat conductivity of five different samples made from hair, grass, date seed, and date palm fibre were examined. The all samples were made with industrial white glue as a binder. The heat flow method was employed to determine their thermal conductivity, with results that showed that all samples offered thermal resistance to heat transfer in the range 0.0530 to 0.1068 W/mK. The best thermal resistance was provided by the sample made from hair and fibres. The current study supports sustainability by encouraging the use of waste organic materials in thermal insulators.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Bioactive Glass 13-93 Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Mehatlaf Auday A , Farid Saad B H , Atiyah Alaa A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A modified sol-gel method was used in the current work to prepare a 13-93 bioactive glass powder, which was selected for the therapeutic actions of its constituent parts. In particular bioactive glass 13-93 can chemically bond with host tissue and induce osteogenesis. The produced gel was calcined at a temperature of 600 °C, while particle size analysis and x-ray diffraction were performed after the preparation of the glass powder. Porous bioactive glass 13-93 scaffolds were synthesised using the polymer foam replication technique that uses polyurethane sponges as a template. Sintering at 700 °C was then performed for one hour to the produce the required structures. After sintering, the microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results were also examined. The average particle size of bioactive glass 13-93 thus produced was about 2.978 μm, and XRD pattern analysis showed that the porous scaffolds were amorphous. The microstructure of the 13 – 93 glass scaffolds contained interconnected cellular pores and a dense network of bioactive glass, allowing scaffolds with porosity between 80 and 83% to be obtained. An in vitro bioactivity test was performed on the scaffolds by soaking them in a solution of simulated body fluid (SBF). The subsequent SEM images confirmed the bioactivity of the prepared scaffolds based on the formation of obvious and dense hydroxyapatite particles on the surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. It was thus concluded that bioactive glass scaffold prepared in this work via the polymer foam replication technique has the potential to be used in several future applications.
Quantitative assessing of crystal field, nephelauxetic, and Stokes shift effects on the blue luminescence of Eu2+ ions incorporated in ZnS films
Authors: López-Lugo Victor Hugo , Rivera-Medina Martha Judith , Alonso-Huitrón Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A quantitative study of the crystal field, nephelauxetic, and Stokes shift effects on the 5d → 4 f levels of Eu2+ ions incorporated in ZnS films is presented. The magnitude of the crystal effect was calculated using the simplest point charge model to express the crystal field splitting of Eu2+ 5d orbitals surrounded by four S2− ligands in tetrahedral coordination symmetry. The shift of the centroid of the 5d levels by nephelauxetic effect was analyzed using a model that involves the polarizability of the anion ligands, similar to that used to investigate this effect for Ce3+ in many inorganic compounds. The Stokes shift was evaluated according to the Frank-Condon principle, under the idealized situation where the Stokes shift and the emission bandwidth can be expressed in terms of the Huang-Rhys parameter. We found that the redshift

ϵ

c
f
s

=
0.32

eV

of the 5d → 4 f transition for the free Eu2+ ion, due to crystal field splitting was half of the redshift due to the nephelauxetic effect. This result is consistent with the large size, large polarizability, and low electronegativity of the sulfide ions. We also found a relatively large Stokes shift which can be attributed to the autoionization of the 5d electrons to the conduction band levels. The total redshift of the 5d and 4 f energy levels with respect to the 5d and 4 f energy gap for a free Eu2+ in vacuum fits quite well with the blue luminescence peaked at 2.73 eV for Eu2+ ions incorporated in the ZnS films. Based on the experimental results and the calculations for the crystal field splitting, nephelauxetic, and Stokes shift effects, we also propose a simplified energy band and levels diagram which helps to explain the excitation-emission mechanisms of the blue luminescence of the Eu2+ ions incorporated in the ZnS films.
Study of double-chamber air arc plasma torch and the application in solid-waste disposal
Authors: CAO Yawen , LI Bin , HAN Xianwei , TAN Chang , ZHANG Zhihao , ZHANG Xizhe , WEI Jianguo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arc plasma can be applied in hazardous solid waste disposal for higher temperature than common heating methods, but some practical issues exist in practical engineering application. In this study, an air arc plasma torch with double chambers and magnetic controlling is designed to realize wide variable power and long electrode life. The detailed characteristics and laws of the air arc are studied. The condition parameters of arc current (I), air flow rate (G) and the structure parameters of inlet area ratios and electrode diameters influence both the arc voltage and arc root positions. The arc rotating driven by magnetic field effectively lengthens the electrode life. The gasification process and product of organic wastes by air plasma are influenced largely by the waste compositions and the air flow rate. A furnace structure with more even atmosphere and longer residence time should be considered for better gasification. Oxygen-deficient environment is important to suppress NO
x
formation during the application of air plasma. Inorganic solid wastes can be melt by the air plasma and cooled down to form compact vitreous structures in which heavy metals can be locked and the leaching rates significantly decrease down.
Structure of polymer-capped gold nanorods binding to model phospholipid monolayers
Authors: Quan Peiyu , Bu Wei , Wang Liming , Chen Chunying , Wu Xiaochun , Heffern Charlie , Lee Ka Yee C. , Meron Mati , Lin Binhua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report an experimental study of the structure of polymer-capped gold nanorods (AuNRs) binding to model phospholipid monolayers to elucidate the mechanism that drives the insertion of the AuNRs into phospholipid membranes. The experimental system consists of four different cases of AuNRs interacting with lipid monolayers: cationic and anionic polymer-capped AuNRs suspended in the pure water subphase of Langmuir monolayers of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, separately. Liquid surface x-ray reflectivity was used to measure in situ the structure of the lipids and AuNRs at the air-water interface with sub-nanometer resolution, yielding quantitatively the amount, orientation, as well as depth of AuNR insertion into the monolayer. In the case of a zwitterionic monolayer composed of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cationic Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDC) capped AuNRs (PDC-AuNRs) adsorbed peripherally at the water-lipid interface whereas the anionic Poly-sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSS) capped AuNRs (PSS-AuNRs) penetrated deeply into the lipid monolayer. In the case of an anionic monolayer composed of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (SOPG), PDC-AuNRs inserted into the monolayer whereas PSS-AuNRs were not even attracted to the monolayer. The results suggest that the adsorption process of AuNRs to model membranes may proceed through different mechanisms. In the presence of a charged membrane, electrostatic interactions drove the AuNRs to or away from the membrane depending on the nature of the charge of the lipid film and the AuNRs, while in the presence of a zwitterionic membrane, both electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions mediated the insertion of the AuNRs into the membrane.
Exciton effects in perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Ahumada-Lazo Ruben , Saran Rinku , Woolland Oliver , Jia Yunpeng , Kyriazi Maria-Eleni , Kanaras Antonios G , Binks David , Curry Richard J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) of perovskite materials have recently attracted great research interest because of their outstanding properties for optoelectronic applications, as evidenced by the increasing number of publications on laboratory scale devices. However, in order to achieve the commercial realisation of these devices, an in-depth understanding of the charge dynamics and photo-physics in these novel materials is required. These dynamics are affected by material composition but also by their size and morphology due to quantum confinement effects. Advances in synthesis methods have allowed nanostructures to be produced with enhanced confinement and structural stability, enhancing the efficiency of energy funnelling and radiative recombination and so resulting in more efficient light emitting devices. In addition, photovoltaics could greatly benefit from the exploitation of these materials not only through their deployment in tandem cell architectures but from the use of multiple exciton generation in these NCs. These systems also offer the opportunity to study quantum effects relating to interactions of excited states within and between NCs. Properties and behaviour that includes an enhanced Rashba effect, superfluorescence, polariton lasing, Rydberg exciton polariton condensates, and antibunched single photon emission have been observed in a single metal halide perovskite NC. The further study of these in NC systems will shed new light on the fundamental nature of their excited states, their control and exploitation. In this perspective, we give an overview of these effects and provide an outlook for the future of perovskite NCs and their devices.
High-energy noise-like pulses generated by an erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating a PbS quantum-dot polystyrene composite film
Authors: Zhao Wei , Huang Qianqian , Li Kai , Gao Chenyu , Cheng Xi , Yan Yuyang , Guo Qiang , Sun Xiaolan , Mou Chengbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a high-energy noise-like pulse (NLP) generated by an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser incorporating a PbS quantum dot (QD) polystyrene (PS) composite film as a saturable absorber (SA). Benefitting from the intrinsic properties of NLPs and the high damage threshold of the PbS QD PS composite film, a stable NLP train can be obtained with an output power of 96.3 mW at a pump power of 660 mW, corresponding to a pulse energy of 9.68 nJ. This represents the highest pulse energy ever reported in an NLP EDF laser incorporating material-based SAs. The slope efficiency reached 17.37% and the steady NLP operation was able to be maintained for several hours under laboratory conditions. Our experimental results prove that the PbS QD PS composite film can serve as an effective SA to realize high-energy pulses in a mode-locked fiber laser.
Posture and Muscle Activity during Waste Collection Work
Authors: Netto Kevin , Francis-Pester Garry , Lewis Caleb , Dunnill Patrina , Darling Russell 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The musculoskeletal load in waste collection has been examined through simulated assessment of pulling and pushing bins as well as lifting and throwing rubbish bags. With the onset of mechanization, many of these tasks do not exist and workers are faced with other loads not previously assessed. The purpose of this study was to quantify the postures and muscle activity during mechanized waste collection work. Three subtasks of mechanized waste collection were identified, namely driving, bin collection, and egress and access of the vehicle. Spinal, shoulder, and upper limb kinematics along with surface electromyography from three muscles were collected during these tasks in a typical work shift. During driving and bin collection, participants adopted a head-extended, torso forward-flexed posture with frequent rotations of the head and neck. Egress and access of the vehicle produced substantially larger ranges of movement compared with driving and bin collection. The forward-flex, sitting posture can increase the risk of low back pain if there are undulations in the terrain and if this posture is adopted for prolonged periods. The frequent head and neck rotations can increase the incidence and severity of neck pain. Prolonged driving has been linked with an increased cardiometabolic risk and egress and access has increased risk of trips and falls from a height. Managers of waste collection workers should consider implementing interventions to reduce the exposure of this important workforce to the deleterious demands of their work.
Update on Third Party Observers in Neuropsychological Evaluation: An Interorganizational Position Paper
Authors: Glen Tannahill , Barisa Mark , Ready Rebecca , Peck Edward , Spencer Tresa Roebuck 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The National Academy of Neuropsychology (NAN), the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN), and the American College of Professional Neuropsychology (ACPN) collaborated to publish an update to their original position statements, confirming the organizations' opposition to third party observer (TPO).

Method
A review of literature addressing TPO effects, ethical standards, professional organization position statements, test publisher policies and new telemedicine developments was completed to obtain consensus on relevant issues in TPO and recording of neuropsychological evaluations.

Results
TPO has been shown to impact the cognitive functions most often assessed in forensic or medicolegal settings. Third party observation, whether in person, recorded or electronic, remains a potential threat to the validity and reliability of evaluation results, and violates test security guidelines, ethical principles and standards of conduct in the field. Demands for TPO in the context of medicolegal or forensic settings have become a tactic designed to limit the ability of the consulting neuropsychologist to perform assessment and provide information to the trier of fact.

Conclusion
The field of neuropsychology opposes the presence of TPO in the setting of medicolegal or forensic neuropsychological evaluations.
A Modified Approach to Transconjunctival Levator Advancement Offering Intraoperative Options
Authors: Deng Zhizhong , Zhou Xianyu , Lu Lin , Jin Rui , Qiu Yucheng , Yang Jun , Liu Fei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The transconjunctival technique is an effective approach to mild to moderate blepharoptosis repair that does not involve skin incision. However, accurate surgical manipulation of this method is greatly restricted by poor intraoperative evaluation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to introduce a modified transconjunctival approach with flexible intraoperative adjustments in order to achieve more accurate ptosis correction.

Methods
Taking a transconjunctival approach, the levator aponeurosis and Müller’s muscle were folded with a square-like mattress suture for flexible adjustment and accurate correction.

Results
In 18 mild ptosis eyelids, 94.5% (17 eyelids) achieved adequate or normal correction. In 9 eyelids with moderate ptosis, 88.9% (8 eyelids) achieved adequate or normal correction. Of 24 ptosis patients, 23 (95.8%) achieved a good or fair symmetry result.

Conclusions
This study presents a modified transconjunctival technique for repair of mild to moderate ptosis, which is characterized by flexible intraoperative adjustments that produce satisfying functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4