bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Families`worries During the First and Second COVID-19 Wave in Germany: Comparative Longitudinal Study in Two Populational Childhood Cohorts
Authors: Brandstetter Susanne , Poulain Tanja , Vogel Mandy , Meigen Christof , Melter Michael , Köninger Angela , Apfelbacher Christian , Kiess Wieland , Kabesch Michael , Körner Antje 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe present study aimed to compare worries related to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in families with young children in two regions in Germany differently affected by the pandemic (Regensburg in Southeast Germany, Leipzig in Eastern Germany) during the first and the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemicMethods720 parents participating in the KUNO Kids health study in Regensburg (n = 507) or the LIFE Child study in Leipzig (n = 213) answered questions regarding COVID-19-related worries and trust in anti-pandemic policy measures at two time points, during the first wave (spring 2020) and during the second wave (winter 2020/2021) of the pandemic. Ordinal mixed-effects models were performed to assess differences depending on region (Regensburg versus Leipzig) and time (first versus second wave), adjusting for education and migration background. ResultsParticipants worried most about the general economic situation and their family and least about their own health or financial situation. Most COVID-19-related worries were stronger during the second than during the first wave. In regional comparisons, worries about family, friends, and hometown increased more pronouncedly from wave 1 to wave 2 in Leipzig than in Regensburg, paralleling the increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Trust in anti-pandemic policy measures, in contrast, decreased significantly between wave 1 and wave 2, with a stronger decrease in Regensburg. ConclusionsThe degree of families’ COVID-19-related worries differs by region and time, which might be related to differences in infection rates and public interest.
Intralobular Distribution of Ovarian-like Stroma in Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms: Hypothesis on Its Tumorigenesis
Authors: Fukumura Yuki , Kinowaki Yuko , Matsuda Yoko , Takase Masaru , Tonosaki Momoko , Minagawa Masaaki , Saiura Akio , Tanabe Minoru , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Kato Kota , Yao Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) harbors two histological components, tumor epithelia and ovarian-like stroma (OLS). To examine the tumorigenesis of pancreatic MCNs, this study analyzed the distribution, amount, immunohistochemical phenotype, presence of theca cells of the OLS, and the alteration of tumor epithelium of 29 surgically resected MCN cases and compared them with tumor sizes. Non-mucinous type epithelium was present in all low-grade MCNs but its ratio decreased with tumor size (p < 0.05), suggesting that epithelial mucinous changes are a progression phenomenon. The intralobular distribution of OLS was observed in 27.6 % of MCN cases and its existence related to a smaller size (p< 0.05), suggesting intralobular generation of MCNs. Nuclear expression of β-catenin was observed for OLS of everywhere, suggesting consistent activation of the Wnt pathway for OLS. Three MCN cases (10.3%) contained a-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-negative OLS, where OLS surrounding dilated pancreatic ducts or MCN cysts were a-SMA-positive and otherwise negative, suggesting that a-SMA-positivity is an acquired phenomenon of OLS. With this study, we could hypothesize that pancreatic MCNs may generate intralobularly. Epithelial mucinous change and a-SMA-positivity of OLS may be progression phenomena. This is the first study to show the intralobular distribution of OLS.
Fuzzy Species Borders of Glacial Survivalists Revealed Using a Multimarker Approach - A Case Study of Amphipod Crustaceans in the Carpathian Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Jazdzewski Krzysztof , Ciamporova-Zatovicova Zuzana , Ciampor Fedor , Grabowski Michal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Carpathians are one of the key biodiversity hotspots in Europe. The mountain chain uplifted during Alpine orogenesis and is characterised by a complex geological history. Its current biodiversity was highly influenced by Pleistocene glaciations. The goal of the current study was to examine the phylogenetic and demographic history of Gammarus balcanicus species complex in the Carpathians using multiple markers as well as to delimit, using an integrative approach, and describe new species hidden so far under the name G. balcanicus. Results shown that divergence of the studied lineages reaches back to the Miocene, which supports the hypothesis of their survival in multiple micro refugia. Moreover, the increase of their diversification rate in the Pleistocene suggests that glaciation was the driving force of their speciation. The climatic changes during and after the Pleistocene also played a major role in the demography of the local Carpathian lineages. Comparison of diversity patterns and phylogenetic relationships of both, the mitochondrial and nuclear markers, provide evidence of putative hybridisation and retention of ancient polymorphism (i.e., incomplete lineage sorting). The morphological examination supported the existence of two morphological types; one we describe as G. stasiuki sp. nov. and another we redescribe as G. tatrensis (S. Karaman, 1931).
Italian Adaptation of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS): Psychometric Properties and Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa Among an Italian Sample.
Authors: Cerolini Silvia , Vacca Mariacarolina , Zagaria Andrea , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Barbaranelli Claudio , Lombardo Caterina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is described as an extreme level of preoccupation around healthy eating, accompanied by restrictive eating behaviors. During the years different assessment instruments have been developed. The aim of the study is to adapt into Italian the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS) and to test its psychometric properties. Method. A total sample of 422 volunteer university students (mean age = 20.70 ± 3.44, women 71.8%) completed a group of self-report questionnaires in large group sessions during their lecture time. The scales assessed ON (the I-DOS and the Orhto-15), disordered eating (Disordered Eating Questionnaire, DEQ), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II), obsessive and compulsive symptoms (Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R) and self-reported height and weight. Results: The fit of the unidimensional structure and reliability of the I-DOS was tested trough Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as its criterion validity computing correlation coefficients among Ortho-15, DEQ, BDI-II, OCI-R, BMI. Analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of the I-DOS with acceptable or great fit indices (CFI = 0,984; TLI = 0,978; SRMR = 0.043; RMSEA = 0.076) and the strong internal consistency (α = .888). The Correlations path supported the criterion validity of the scale. The estimated prevalence of ON and ON risk was 8.1%.Conclusions: This 10-items scale appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess orthorexic behaviors and attitudes.
Testicular Hemangioma in a Child: a Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Zhang Kaiping , Zhang Ye , Zhang Yin , Chao Min 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Testicular hemangioma is a extremely rare and typically occurs in childhood or adolescence. It is a benign tumor that appears as a slowly growing painless mass.Case presentation: We herein present the case of a 3 year-old male patient with testicular hemangioma accompanying hydrocele, who underwent surgical resection.Conclusions: This article discusses the diagnosis and currently available treatment options of testicular hemangioma. It also can be provide clinical experiences for urologist in face of similar situation.
INtra-Procedural UltraSound Imaging for DEtermination of Atrial Wall Thickness and Acute Tissue Changes After Isolation of the Pulmonary Veins with Radiofrequency, Cryoballoon or Laser Balloon Energy: the INSIDE PVs Study
Authors: Leo Milena , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Gala Andre Briosa e , Pope Michael , Banerjee Abhirup , Kelion Andrew , Pedersen Michala , Rajappan Kim , Ginks Matthew , Bashir Yaver , Hunter Ross J , Betts Tim R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Preliminary data in human suggest that both Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can be used for real-time information on the left atrial (LA) wall thickness and on the acute tissue changes produced by energy delivery. This pilot study was conducted to compare ICE and IVUS for real-time LA wall imaging and assessment of acute tissue changes produced by radiofrequency (RF), cryo and laser catheter ablation. Methods Patients scheduled for RF, cryoballoon or laser balloon Pulmonary Vein Isolation (PVI) catheter ablation were enrolled. Each pulmonary vein (PV) was imagedimmediately before and after ablation with either ICE or IVUS. The performance of ICE and IVUS for imaging were compared. Pre- and post-ablation measurements (lumen and vessel diameters, areas and sphericity indexes, wall thickness and muscular sleeve thickness) were taken at the level of each PV ostium.Results A total of 48 PVs in 12 patients were imaged before and after ablation. Compared to IVUS, ICE showedhigherimaging quality and inter-observer reproducibility of the PV measurements obtained. Acute wall thickening suggestive of oedema was observed after RF treatment (p = 0.003) and laser treatment (p = 0.003) but not after cryoablation (p = 0.69). Conclusions Our pilot study suggests that ICE is preferable to IVUS for LA wall thickness imaging at the LA-PV junctions during ablation. Ablation causes acute wall thickening when using RF or laser energy, but not cryoenergy delivery. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Accumulation and Control of Spin Waves in Magnonic Dielectric Microresonators by a Comb of Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Authors: Khramova A. E. , Kobecki M. , Akimov I. A. , Savochkin I. V. , Kozhaev M. A. , Shaposhnikov A. N. , Berzhansky V. N. , Zvezdin A. K. , Bayer M. , Belotelov V. I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spin waves in magnetic microresonators are at the core of modern magnonics. Here we demonstrate a new method of tunable excitation of different spin wave modes in magnetic microdisks by using a train of laser pulses coming at a repetition rate higher than the decay rate of spin precession. The microdisks are etched in a transparent bismuth iron garnet film and the light pulses influence the spins nonthermally through the inverse Faraday effect. The high repetition rate of the laser stimulus of 10 GHz establishes an interplay between the spin wave resonances in the frequency and momentum domains. As a result, the excitation efficiency of different spin modes can be tuned by a small variation of the external magnetic field. An additional degree of freedom is provided by scanning the laser spot within the microdisk area. This makes the proposed method for spin wave excitation advantageous for the forthcoming application of magnonics for telecommunication and quantum technologies.
Circular RNA Circ-0006302 Promotes the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Regulating the Mir-1299/PD-L1 Axis as a Competing Endogenous RNA
Authors: Chen Weiqian , Zheng Liyun , Wu Songquan , Lu Chenying , Tang Bufu , Qiao Enqi , Song Jingjing , Fang Shiji , Wu Dan , Qiu Rongfang , Chen Chunmiao , Gao Yang , Fan Xiaoxi , Zhao Zhongwei , Ji Jiansong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, with no effective therapy other than surgical resection. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as a brand-new class of transcription products among abundant cancer processes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms account for their modification in CCA remain unknown. Methods: First, microarray sequencing was applied to detect the difference of circRNAs expression between CCA and corresponding non-tumor tissues. We utilized qRT-PCR to measure circ-0006302 levels in CCA cells and specimens. Gain/loss of-function assays and animal model of CCA were performed for the purpose of revealing the functions of circ-0006302 on the invasion, migration, and proliferation of CCA. We performed dual luciferase reporter, RNA-FISH and rescue assays for clarifying the mechanism behind. Results: In CCA tissues and cell lines circ-0006302 was highly expressed relatively. In vitro, overexpression of circ-0006302 intensifies the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the invasion, migration, and growth of CCA cells; and intensifies the growth as well as metastasis of tumors in a CCA mouse model. Furthermore, it was elucidated that circ-0006302 sponged miR-1299 to upregulate PD‐L1 expression. Through the process above, circ-0006302 binds to miR-1299 and emancipates PD-L1, facilitating the invasion, migration, and proliferation in CCA cells. Momentously, the results obtained revealed that circ-0006302 silencing elevated the expression of interferon (IFN)‐γ, and interleukin (IL)‐4 but diminished the IL-10 expression, while these effects could be reversed by miR-1299 inhibitor.Conclusion: circ-0006302 silence blocked the CCA progression via intensifying miR‐1299‐targeted downregulation of PD‐L1. Our conclusion provides novel therapeutic tactics for treating this fatal disease.
Non-Invasive Assessment of Inspiratory Ribcage Muscle Fatigue and Recovery During Two Endurance Tests in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Lima Thiago Bezerra Wanderley e , Sarmento Antonio , Vieira Rayane Grayce Silva , Castro Esmívany Lhara Freitas , Pennati Francesca , Aliverti Andrea , Resqueti Vanessa regiane , Fregonezi Guilherme Augusto Freitas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Fatigue is defined as a loss in the capacity for developing force and/or velocity of a muscle which is reversible by rest. The aim was to evaluate non-invasively the fatigue and recovery of the inspiratory ribcage muscles during two endurance tests in healthy subjects. Methods: 22 subjects were evaluated before, during and after performing a respiratory endurance test with normocapnic hyperpnea (NH) and inspiratory pressure threshold load (IPTL). Simultaneous measurements of muscle activity (electromyography), tissue oxygenation (NIRS), pressure (nasal inspiratory pressure), and volume (optoelectronic plethysmography) were performed. Results: There was a decrease in the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) and increase in the time constant (τ) after the IPTL test (p <0.05) and a decrease in the peak pressure generated in SNIP after both protocols (p <0.05). Additionally, there was a decrease in shortening velocity and mechanical power only after the IPTL test (p <0.05). The inspiratory ribcage muscles showed a linear drop in the median frequency in the IPTL test and an exponential drop in the NH test, which was not significant for the development of fatigue and there was a linear increase in the NIRS variables in both protocols. Conclusion: It was concluded that the inspiratory ribcage muscles undergo changes after performing an endurance test with NH and IPTL. Additionally, the development of fatigue in these muscles and their consequent changes are more evident in the protocol with IPTL.
Predicting short-term survival after total resection in glioblastomas by machine learning-based radiomic analysis of preoperative MRI
Authors: Cepeda Santiago , Perez-Nuñez Angel , Garcia-Garcia Sergio , Garcia-Perez Daniel , Arrese Ignacio , Jimenez-Roldan Luis , Garcia-Galindo Manuel , Gonzalez Pedro , Velasco-Casares Maria , Zamora Tomas , Sarabia Rosario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Radiomics, in combination with artificial intelligence, has emerged as a powerful tool for the development of predictive models in neuro-oncology. Our study aims to find an answer to a clinically relevant question: is there a radiomic profile that can identify glioblastoma (GBM) patients with short-term survival after complete tumor resection?Methods A retrospective study of GBM patients who underwent surgery was conducted in two institutions between January 2019 and January 2020, along with cases from public databases. Cases with gross total or near-total tumor resection were included. Preoperative structural multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) sequences were preprocessed, and a total of 15720 radiomic features were extracted. After feature reduction, machine learning-based classifiers were used to predict early mortality (< 6 months). Additionally, a survival analysis was performed using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm.Results A total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study. In the classification task, the naive Bayes classifier obtained the best results in the testing cohort, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 and classification accuracy of 80%. The RSF model allowed the stratification of patients into low- and high-risk groups. In the validation set, this model obtained values of C-Index = 0.61, IBS = 0.123 and integrated AUC at six months of 0.761.Conclusion In this study, we developed a reliable predictive model of short-term survival in GBM by applying open-source and user-friendly computational means. These new tools will assist clinicians in adapting our therapeutic approach considering individual patient characteristics.
Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Siddig Amira , Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathies are thought to result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) represents a serious complication associated with Diabetic neuropathies. Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the presence of cardiovascular diabetic autonomic neuropathy in a group of adult diabetic Sudanese patients with ischemic heart disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive prospective cross sectional hospital based study. The study population included type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients admitted to the cardiac care unit in ELshaab Teaching Hospital with acute coronary syndrome over a period of two years, from April 2017to April 2019. Results: A total of 49 males (65.33%) and 26 females (34.67%) were included in the study. CAN was detected in 94.67% of the studied group Conclusion: An incidence of 94.67% cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in our sample indicates a high occurrence of this syndrome among our diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control is a common feature among our studied group. Sub-clinical autonomic neuropathy can be detected early using autonomic function tests.
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in an eastern state of India: A preliminary report
Authors: Dash Girish Chandra , Subhadra Subhra , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Parai Debaprasad , Rath Sonalika , Sabat Jyotsamayee , Rout Usha Kiran , Kanungo Srikanta , Choudhary Hari Ram , Nanda Rashmi R , Pattnaik Matrujyoti , Pati Sanghamitra , BHATTACHARYA DEBDUTTA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

In the study, we attempted to record the breakthrough cases reported through passive and voluntary reporting at various healthcare facilities from different districts of Odisha, their clinical presentation, requirement of hospitalization post infection and antibody titer against spike antigen.
Methodology:

Nasopharyngeal swab and serum samples were collected from vaccinated individuals through passive and voluntary reporting to various healthcare facilities of Odisha state to detect the SARS-CoV-2 infection, quantitative antibody titers and was correlated with demographic and clinical presentation and requirement of hospitalization post infection.
Result

Out of 361 samples referred to the laboratory for confirmation of breakthrough infection, 274 samples were found to be positive after 14 days of receiving complete doses of the vaccines. More than 83.2% of the individuals were found to be symptomatic with 9.9% of those required hospitalization. The seropositivity in individuals receiving Covishield (96.7%) was significantly higher than in Covaxin (77.1%). Hospitalised patients were having less median antibody titers than individual in home isolation. The median age for breakthrough infection among the referred cases was 47.0 years (IQR: 28.0) with a significantly older age group among Covishield recipients. The median spike RBD IgG titre values for Covaxin and Covishield recipients were 213.5 AU/ml (IQR: 537.5) and 647.5 AU/ml (IQR: 1645.1) respectively.
Conclusion

The results reported here highlight the need for systematic data capture for the breakthrough infections to monitor the emergence of any vaccine escape variants and to plan the next steps in the COVID-19 vaccine development by understanding the link between clinical protection and measured immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Population turnover facilitates cultural selection for efficiency in birds
Authors: Chimento Michael , Alarcon-Nieto Gustavo , Aplin Lucy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Culture, defined as socially transmitted information and behaviors that are shared in groups and persist over time, is increasingly accepted to occur across a wide range of taxa and behavioral domains. While persistent, cultural traits are not necessarily static, and their distribution can change in frequency and type in response to selective pressures, analogous to that of genetic alleles. This has lead to the treatment of culture as an evolutionary process, with cultural evolutionary theory arguing that culture exhibits the three fundamental components of Darwinian evolution: variation, competition, and inheritance. Selection for more efficient behaviors over alternatives is a crucial component of cumulative cultural evolution, yet our understanding of how and when such cultural selection occurs in non-human animals is limited. We performed a cultural diffusion experiment using 18 captive populations of wild-caught great tits (Parus major) to ask whether more efficient foraging traditions are selected for, and whether this process is affected by a fundamental demographic process—population turnover. Our results showed that gradual replacement of individuals with naive immigrants greatly increased the probability that a more efficient behavior invaded a population’s cultural repertoire and out-competed an established inefficient behavior. Fine-scale, automated behavioral tracking revealed that turnover did not increase innovation rates, but instead acted on adoption rates, as immigrants disproportionately sampled novel, efficient behaviors relative to available social information. These results provide strong evidence for cultural selection for efficiency in animals, and highlight the mechanism that links population turnover to this process.