bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of increased glomerular capillary wall strain in the 5/6‐nephrectomized rat
Authors: Richfield Owen , Cortez Ricardo , Navar L. Gabriel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveChronic glomerular hypertension is associated with glomerular injury and sclerosis; however, the mechanism by which increases in pressure damage glomerular podocytes remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that increases in glomerular pressure may deleteriously affect podocyte structural integrity by increasing the strain of the glomerular capillary walls, and that glomerular capillary wall strain may play a significant role in the perpetuation of glomerular injury in disease states that are associated with glomerular hypertension.MethodsWe developed an anatomically accurate mathematical model of a compliant, filtering rat glomerulus to quantify the strain of the glomerular capillary walls in a remnant glomerulus of the 5/6‐nephrectomized rat model of chronic kidney disease. In terms of estimating the mechanical stresses and strains in the glomerular capillaries, this mathematical model is a substantial improvement over previous models which do not consider pressure‐induced alterations in glomerular capillary diameters in distributing plasma and erythrocytes throughout the network.ResultsUsing previously reported data from experiments measuring the change of glomerular volume as a function of perfusion pressure, we estimated the Young's modulus of the glomerular capillary walls in both control and 5/6‐nephrectomized conditions. We found that in 5/6‐nephrectomized conditions, the Young's modulus increased to 8.6 MPa from 7.8 MPa in control conditions, but the compliance of the capillaries increased in 5/6‐nephrectomized conditions due to a 23.3% increase in the baseline glomerular capillary diameters. We found that glomerular capillary wall strain was increased approximately threefold in 5/6‐nephrectomized conditions over control, which may deleteriously affect both mesangial cells and podocytes. The magnitudes of strain in model simulations of 5/6‐nephrectomized conditions were consistent with magnitudes of strain that elicit podocyte hypertrophy and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in vitro.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that glomerular capillary wall strain may deleteriously affect podocytes directly, as well as act in concert with other mechanical changes and environmental factors inherent to the in vivo setting to potentiate glomerular injury in severe renoprival conditions.
Stability prediction for asphalt mixture based on evolutional characterization of aggregate skeleton
Authors: Jin Can , Wan Xiaodong , Liu Pengfei , Yang Xu , Oeser Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aggregate skeleton significantly influences the deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures. A stable skeleton has good interlocking effects and load transfer ability to resist deformation of mixtures during loading. Therefore, the methodology to accurately evaluate the morphology of aggregate skeleton based on the mechanism of load transfer inside mixtures is of great value to predict the mixture stability. The objective of this study is to predict and validate mixture stability from the perspective of evolutional morphologies of the skeleton. The methodology has three main steps, which are as follows: (1) the initial morphology of the aggregate skeleton is characterized and evaluated; (2) the topological and non‐topological evolutions of the skeleton morphology during external loading are characterized; and (3) the strain energy of the mixture and the stress distribution on contact regions in the skeleton are used to analyze and validate the prediction of the mixture's stability. Simulations of uniaxial displacement‐controlled tests of three cylindrical specimens drilled in a field‐compacted test track were conducted, and 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 s were selected as time points in the simulation to analyze mixture stability. Results indicate that a mixture has a better load‐bearing capacity when its initial skeleton contains more chains with higher evaluation indices, which proves the reliability of the stability prediction using the proposed method.
MYB77 regulates high‐affinity potassium uptake by promoting expression of HAK5
Authors: Feng Cui‐zhu , Luo Yun‐xin , Wang Peng‐dan , Gilliham Matthew , Long Yu 
Published: July 2021

Summary

In Arabidopsis, the high‐affinity K+ transporter HAK5 is the major pathway for root K+ uptake when below 100 µM; HAK5 responds to Low‐K+ (LK) stress by strongly and rapidly increasing its expression during K+‐deficiency. Therefore, positive regulators of HAK5 expression have the potential to improve K+ uptake under LK.

Here, we show that mutants of the transcription factor MYB77 share a LK‐induced leaf chlorosis phenotype, lower K+ content, and lower Rb+ uptake of the hak5 mutant, but not the shorter root growth, and that overexpression of MYB77 enhanced K+ uptake and improved tolerance to LK stress.

Furthermore, we demonstrated that MYB77 positively regulates the expression of HAK5, by binding to the HAK5 promoter and enhances high‐affinity K+ uptake of roots.

As such, our results reveal a novel pathway for enhancing HAK5 expression under LK stress, and provides a candidate for increasing the tolerance of plants to LK.
Environmental indicators in salmon aquaculture research: A systematic review
Authors: Rector Megan E. , Weitzman Jenny , Filgueira Ramón , Grant Jon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) is a strategy for the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, but the question of how it can be practically implemented remains unclear. Indicators that can be applied at relevant scales of impact and that reflect the environmental status and change offer a means of operationalizing EAA. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out to identify environmental indicators referenced in salmon aquaculture literature and review their potential to support EAA. Using the PRISMA method for selecting journal papers, 101 articles that included 531 indicators were reviewed. Indicators were characterized based on the effect of aquaculture they measure, their similarity to other indicators extracted, and the scale at which they were applied. Indicators and their characteristics are presented in a searchable online database. A scoring method for evaluating indicators based on criteria drawn from environmental indicator literature and the potential scalability of indicators to meet the needs of EAA was developed and applied to the most frequently referenced indicators. Overall, near‐field indicators of benthic impacts dominated salmon aquaculture literature. Of the most frequently referenced indicators, those that scored highest based on criteria drawn from environmental indicator literature also scored highest on scalability and therefore their potential contribution to EAA. Overall, results suggest that additional research and application of far‐field environmental indicators in salmon aquaculture will be required to identify a suite of indicators that can be applied as part of EAA practice.
Florida Bay: Modern analogue for Lofer cyclothems?
Authors: Enos Paul , Samankassou Elias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLofer cyclothems of the Alpine Upper Triassic have many features in common with Holocene sediments of Florida Bay. The modal ‘complete’ Lofer cycle is essentially symmetrical, having a deepening and shoaling phase, as does the cycle‐in‐progress in Florida Bay. Lateral discontinuity and thickness variations within members of the Lofer cyclothems indicate syn‐depositional relief, possibly in the form of mud banks, the signature feature of Florida Bay sedimentation. Spatial and temporal dimensions, although poorly constrained, appear comparable. Analogous depositional textures, biota and sedimentary structures, while not unique to either environment, strengthen the inferences that can be made about the Triassic depositional environment and regarding future evolution of the modern environment. The striking similarities between the Holocene icehouse sediments and the Late Triassic greenhouse deposits suggest that sedimentation patterns at the scale of individual cycles or parasequences may be largely independent of the global climate regime.
The social movement for reproductive justice: Emergence, intersectional strategies, and theory building
Authors: Daniel Meghan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on the reproductive justice social movement and provides an overview of its main theorical and empirical foundations and contributions. It begins by tracing the emergence of reproductive justice, grounding it in longstanding histories of resistance and Black feminist theorizing. It highlights intersectionality as a social movement strategy and tactic embraced by reproductive justice activists, and highlights reproductive justice organizing and scholarship that contributes to our theoretical understandings of the racial politics of reproduction and abolition. In so doing, this piece makes two interrelated contributions. First, it argues reproductive justice generates material and theoretical contributions beyond the scope of what is possible for reproductive health and rights frameworks. Second, it demonstrates that bringing reproductive justice into the focus of sociological inquiry is important for advancing social science scholarship.
Abnormal changes in motor cortical maps in humans with spinal cord injury
Authors: Tazoe Toshiki , Perez Monica A. 
Published: July 2021

Key points
The functional role of motor cortical reorganization following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains largely unknown. Here, we tested motor maps in a hand muscle at rest and during voluntary contraction of the hand with and without voluntary contraction of a proximal arm muscle.
Motor map area in participants with SCI decreased during hand voluntary contraction and further decreased during additional contraction of a proximal arm muscle compared with rest. In contrast, motor map area in controls increased during the same motor tasks. Participants with SCI with more severe sensory deficits in the hand showed larger decreases in motor map area.
Ten minutes of hand muscle–tendon vibration increased the motor map area during voluntary contraction in SCI participants.
These novel findings suggest that abnormal changes in motor cortical maps during voluntary contraction after SCI can be reshaped by sensory input, knowledge that can have implications for rehabilitation.
AbstractMotor cortical representations reorganize following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). The functional role of this reorganization remains largely unknown. Using neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, we examined motor cortical maps during voluntary contraction in humans with chronic cervical SCI and age‐matched controls. We constructed motor maps in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle at rest and during voluntary contraction of the FDI with and without voluntary contraction of the biceps brachi (BB). The role of sensory input into this reorganization was examined by muscle–tendon vibration. We found that, at rest, motor maps were larger in SCI (22.3 cm2) compared with control (12.6 cm2, P < 0.001) participants. Motor map area increased during voluntary contraction of the FDI (120.7%) and further increased during contraction of the BB (143.9%) compared with rest in control subjects; however, motor map area decreased during voluntary contraction of the FDI (69.5%) and further decreased during contraction of the BB (55.5%) in individuals with SCI. SCI participants with larger decreases in map area during voluntary contraction of the FDI were those with larger sensory deficits in the hand and 10 min of hand muscle–tendon vibration increased motor map area. These results provide the first evidence of abnormal changes in motor cortical maps in humans with chronic SCI during voluntary contraction, suggesting that sensory input can help to reshape this reorganization.
Role of Nominal Stress State on Cyclic Fatigue Durability of SAC305 Grain-Scale Solder Joints
Authors: Deshpande Abhishek , Jiang Qian , Dasgupta Abhijit , Becker Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solder joints in micro-electronic assemblies experience a multiaxial combination of extensional and shear loads due to combinations of thermal expansion mismatch and flexure of printed circuit assemblies during thermal cycling or during vibrational loading of constrained printed circuit assemblies. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted to study cyclic fatigue failures of solder joints under pure-shear loading, most of the current literature on cyclic tensile loading of solders is on long dog-boned monolithic solder coupons. Unfortunately, such specimens do not capture the critical interactions between key microscale morphological features (such as grain orientation, grain boundaries, intermetallic compounds, and substrates) that are believed to play important roles in the fatigue of functional solder joints under life-cycle loading. Therefore, this paper uses a combination of experiments and finite element analysis to investigate the differences in mechanisms of cyclic fatigue damage in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) few-grained (oligocrystalline) microscale solder joints under shear, tensile and multiaxial loading modes at room temperature. Cyclic fatigue durability test results indicate that tensile loads are more detrimental compared to shear loads. Tensile versus shear loading modes are found to cause distinctly different combinations of interfacial damage versus internal damage in the bulk of the solder (transgranular and intergranular damage), which correlates with the differences observed in the resulting fatigue durability. The test results also confirm that the traditional approach of assuming a power-law dependence on equivalent deviatoric strain amplitude is inadequate for modeling cyclic fatigue durability of solder interconnects experiencing multiaxial loading. Instead, multiaxial fatigue damage results are seen to be affected not only by the cyclic equivalent strain amplitudes but also by the severity of the stress-triaxiality, as hypothesized in models such as Chaboche model.
Experimental Investigation of Vortex-Induced Vibrations on Yawed and Inclined Flexible Cylinders
Authors: Vieira Daniel P. , Franzini Guilherme R. , Cenci Fredi , Fujarra André L. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experimental setup was built to investigate the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) phenomenon on yawed and inclined flexible cylinders, in which five yaw angles θ = 0 deg, 10 deg, 20 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg and five azimuth angles β = 0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, 135 deg, and 180 deg were combined. The experiments were carried out in a towing tank facility at Reynolds numbers from 1800 to 18,000, comprising vibrations up to the eighth natural mode. Time histories of displacements were recorded using a submerged optical system that tracks 17 reflective targets. A modal decomposition scheme based on Galerkin’s method was applied, aiming multimodal behavior investigations. Such an approach allowed the analysis of the modal amplitude throughout time, revealing interesting results for such a class of VIV tests. The flexible cylinder total response is generally a combination of two or more modes. Only for azimuths 0 deg, 90 deg, and 180 deg, a unimodal response was observed for the two first lock-in regimes. The frequency response showed that when the response was multimodal, non-dominant modes can follow the vibration frequency of the dominant one. Assuming a priori the independence principle (IP) valid to define the reduced velocities (Vr), it was observed that the resonance region was restricted to 3 ≤ Vr ≤ ~8 for the tested cases, indicating that the IP can be at least partially applied for flexible structures. As the literature scarcely explores the simultaneous yawed and inclined configurations, the present work may contribute to further code validation and improvements regarding the design of slender offshore structures.
Review on Photovoltaic Power and Solar Resource Forecasting: Current Status and Trends
Authors: Carneiro Tatiane Carolyne , de Carvalho Paulo Cesar Marques , Alves dos Santos Heron , Lima Marcello Anderson Ferreira Batista , Braga Arthur Plinio de Souza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power intermittence impacts electrical grid security and operation. Precise PV power and solar irradiation forecasts have been investigated as significant reducers of such impacts. Predicting solar irradiation involves uncertainties related to the characteristics of time series and their high volatility due to the dependence on many weather conditions. We propose a systematic review of PV power and solar resource forecasting, considering technical aspects related to each applied methodology. Our review covers the performance analysis of various physical, statistical, and machine learning models. These methodologies should contribute to decision-making, being applicable to different sites and climatic conditions. About 42% of the analyzed articles developed hybrid approaches, 83% performed short-term prediction, and more than 78% had, as forecast goal, PV power, solar irradiance, and solar irradiation. Considering spatial forecast scale, 66% predicted in a single field. As a trend for the coming years, we highlight the use of hybridized methodologies, especially those that optimize input and method parameters without loss of precision and postprocessing methodologies aiming at improvements in individualized applications.
Association of study design features and treatment effects in trials of chronic medical conditions: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Wang Zhen , Alahdab Fares , Farah Magdoleen , Seisa Mohamed , Firwana Mohammed , Rajjoub Rami , Saadi Samer , Jawaid Tabinda , Nayfeh Tarek , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of study design features and treatment effects in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating therapies for individuals with chronic medical conditions.DesignMeta-epidemiological study.SettingRCTs from meta-analyses published in the 10 general medical journals with the highest impact factor published between 1 January 2007 and 10 June 2019 and evaluated a drug, procedure or device treatment of chronic medical conditions.Main outcome measuresThe association between trial design features and the effect size, reporting a ratio of ORs (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe included 1098 trials from 86 meta-analyses. The most common outcome in the trials was mortality (52%), followed by disease progression (16%) and adverse events (12%). Lack of blinding of patients and study personnel was associated with a larger treatment effect (ROR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25). There was no statistically significant association with random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors, incomplete outcome data, whether trials were stopped early, study funding, type of interventions or with type of outcomes (objective vs subjective).ConclusionThe meta-epidemiological study did not demonstrate a clear pattern of association between risk of bias indicators and treatment effects in RCTs in chronic medical conditions. The unpredictability of the direction of bias emphasises the need to make every attempt to adhere to blinding, allocation concealment and reduce attrition bias.Trial registration numberNot applicable.
Readily accessible risk model to predict in-hospital major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective study of Chinese patients
Authors: Hou Xiaoxia , Du Xin , Wang Guohong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zheng Yang , Li Yingxue , Xia Eryu , Qin Yong , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Chang-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveRapid, accurate identification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at high risk of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is critical for risk stratification and prompt management. This study aimed to develop a simple, accessible tool for predicting in-hospital MACE in Chinese patients with AMI.DesignRetrospective review of deidentified medical records.Setting38 urban and rural hospitals across diverse economic and geographic areas in China (Beijing, Henan Province and Jilin Province).Participants15 009 patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of AMI.Main outcome measureThe primary outcome was MACE occurrence during index hospitalisation. A multivariate logistic regression model (China AMI Risk Model, CHARM) derived using patient data from Beijing (n=7329) and validated with data from Henan (n=4247) and Jilin (n=3433) was constructed to predict the primary outcome using variables of age, white cell count (WCC) and Killip class. C-statistics evaluated discrimination in the derivation and validation cohorts, with goodness-of-fit assessed using Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics.ResultsThe CHARM model included age (OR: 1.06 per 1-year increment, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.07, p<0.001), WCC (OR per 109/L increment: 1.10 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.13), p<0.001) and Killip class (class II vs class I: OR 1.34 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.83), p=0.06; class III vs class I: OR 2.74 (95% CI 1.86 to 3.97), p<0.001; class IV vs class I: OR 14.12 (95% CI 10.35 to 19.29), p<0.001). C-statistics were similar between the derivation and validation datasets. CHARM had a higher true positive rate than the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction score and similar to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics were 5.5 (p=0.703) for derivation, 41.1 (p<0.001) for Henan, and 103.2 for Jilin (p<0.001) validation sets with CHARM, compared with 119.6, 34.0 and 459.1 with GRACE (all p<0.001).ConclusionsThe CHARM model provides an inexpensive, accurate and readily accessible tool for predicting in-hospital MACE in Chinese patients with AMI.