bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Acid and Alkaline Stimulants with Granite in an Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: XU Jianan , FENG Bo , CUI Zhenpeng , LIU Xiyao , KE Zunsong , FENG Guanhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is an artificial geothermal system that aims to economically extract heat from hot dry rock (HDR) through the creation of an artificial geothermal reservoir. Chemical stimulation is thought to be an effective method to create fracture networks and open existing fractures in hot dry rocks by injecting chemical agents into the reservoir to dissolve the minerals. Granite is a common type of hot dry rock. In this paper, a series of chemical stimulation experiments were implemented using acid and alkaline agents under high temperature and pressure conditions that mimic the environment of formation. Granite rock samples used in the experiments are collected from the potential EGS reservoir in the Matouying area, Hebei, China. Laboratory experimental results show that the corrosion ratio per unit area of rock is 3.2% in static acid chemical experiments and 0.51% in static alkaline chemical experiments. The permeability of the core is increased by 1.62 times in dynamic acid chemical experiments and 2.45 times in dynamic alkaline chemical experiments. A scanning electron microscope analysis of the core illustrates that secondary minerals, such as chlorite, spherical silica, and montmorillonite, were formed, due to acid‐rock interaction with plagioclase being precipitated by alkaline‐rock interactions. Masking agents in alkaline chemical agents can slightly reduce the degree of plagioclase formation. A chemical simulation model was built using TOUGHREACT, the mineral dissolution and associated ion concentration variation being reproduced by this reactive transport model.
Hydraulic Conductivity Characteristics of Hot Dry Rocks under Different Fracture Modes
Authors: LIU Xin , FENG Bo , LIU Yulong , YUAN Yilong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnhanced geothermal system (EGS) is an effective method for developing and utilizing hot dry rock (HDR). The key to the effectiveness of EGS is the construction of an artificial fracture network. The permeability of fractures has severe effects on the heat transfer efficiency and sustainability of geothermal energy. However, the evolution characteristics of hydraulic conductivity under different failure modes have not been adequately studied for HDR. To clarify this, rocks with different failure modes were investigated by conducting thermal triaxial compression experiments, and the fluid seepage related to different rock failure modes was comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the characteristic stresses and crack surface roughness of the rock increased as the confining pressure increased. The permeability in the composited failure mode was the largest (11.4 μm2), followed by that in the Y‐shaped shear failure mode (9.7 μm2), and that in the single‐shear failure mode was the smallest (7.2 μm2). The confining pressures had an inhibitory effect on permeability. As the confining pressure increased from 5 to 30 MPa, the permeability decreased by 88.8%, 88.4%, and 89.9%, respectively. In contrast, the permeability was significantly enhanced by 128.3%, 94.6%, and 131% as the flow rate increased from 3 to 7 mL/min.
Thermodynamic and Techno‐economic Analysis of a Triple‐pressure Organic Rankine Cycle: Comparison with Dual‐pressure and Single‐pressure ORCs
Authors: YU Hao , LU Xinli , ZHANG Wei , ZHANG Jiaqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvestigation of a triple‐pressure organic Rankine cycle (TPORC) using geothermal energy for power generation with the net power output of the TPORC analyzed by varying the evaporation pressures, pinch temperature differences (tpp) and degrees of superheat (tsup) aimed to find the optimum operation conditions of the system. The thermodynamic performance of the TPORC was compared with a dual‐pressure organic Rankine cycle (DPORC) and a single‐pressure ORC (SPORC) for geofluid temperatures ranging from 100°C to 200°C, with particular reference to the utilization of a hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resource. Thermodynamic performances of the TPORC system using eight different organic working fluids have also been investigated in terms of the net power outputs. Results show that a higher geofluid mass flow rate can make a considerable contribution to shortening the payback period (PBP) as well as to decreasing the levelized electricity cost (LEC), especially when the geofluid temperature is low. For the temperature range investigated, the order from high to low based on thermodynamic and techno‐economic performances is found to be TPORC > DPORC > SPORC. In terms of using geothermal resources within the given temperatures range (100°C–200°C), the TPORC system can be a better choice for geothermal power generation so long as the wellhead geofluid temperature is between 140°C and 180°C.
Heat Flow Distribution and Thermal Mechanism Analysis of the Gonghe Basin based on Gravity and Magnetic Methods
Authors: WANG Zhuo , ZENG Zhaofa , LIU Zhuo , ZHAO Xueyu , LI Jing , BAI Lige , ZHANG Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeothermal resource is indispensable as a clean, renewable, stable and cheap resource. Nowadays in China, the Gonghe Basin, located in northeastern Qinghai Province, has been thought to be a promising geothermal area. To explore geothermal energy potential in and around the Gonghe Basin, geophysical means including magnetic and gravity methods were used to plot distribution. Firstly, we inversed Moho depth and Curie point depth in and around the basin using gravity and magnetic data, respectively, through an improved Parker–Oldenburg algorithm. Secondly, seven different thermal models were established, considering radiogenic heat, basement depth, anomalous heat source and simulated corresponding temperature field and heat flow. These were analyzed numerically and we found the high heat flow in the Gonghe Basin co‐acted with radiogenic heat, an anomalous heat source and conductive heat. The distribution of seismic activities indicates that the Langshan–Wuwei–Gonghe Fault might have provided channels for transporting heat effectively.
Conditioned social preference and reward value of activating oxytocin‐receptor‐expressing ventral tegmental area neurons following repeated daily binge ethanol intake
Authors: Peris Joanna , Totten Katye , Montgomery Darrice , Lester Hannah , Weatherington Arnika , Piotrowski Brian , Sowell Sam , Doyle Kristen , Scott Karen , Tan Yalun , MacFadyen Kaley A. , Engle Hannah , de Kloet Annette D. , Krause Eric G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit a disruption of social behavior and dysregulation of oxytocin signaling in the brain, possibly reflecting decreased activation of oxytocin receptors (OxTRs) in reward pathways in response to social stimuli. We hypothesize that daily binge ethanol intake causes a deficit in social reward and oxytocin signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).MethodsAfter 9 weeks of daily binge ethanol intake (blood ethanol concentration >80 mg%), OxTR‐cre mice underwent conditioned place preference for social reward. Separate groups of mice were tested for the effects of binge ethanol on voluntary social interactions, food reward, locomotion, and anxiety‐like behaviors. A subset of mice underwent transfection of OxTR‐expressing VTA neurons (VTAOxtr) with a light‐sensitive opsin, followed by operant training to respond to light delivered to VTA.ResultsEthanol‐naïve male mice increased the time spent on the side previously paired with novel mice while ethanol‐treated mice did not. Binge ethanol did not affect conditioned place preference for food reward in males, but this response was weakened in ethanol‐treated females. Ethanol treatment also caused a sex‐specific impairment of voluntary social interactions with novel mice. There were minimal differences between groups in measures of anxiety and locomotion. Ethanol‐naïve mice had significantly greater operant responding for activation of VTAOxtr than sham‐transfected mice but ethanol‐treated mice did not. There was no difference in the number of VTAOxtr after binge ethanol.ConclusionsDaily binge ethanol causes social reward deficits that cannot be explained by nonspecific effects on other behaviors, at least in males. Only ethanol‐naïve mice exhibited positive reinforcement caused by activation of VTAOxtr while daily binge ethanol did not alter the number of VTAOxtr in either males or females. Thus, subtle dysregulation of VTAOxtr function may be related to the social reward deficits caused by daily binge ethanol.
Active‐comparator restricted disproportionality analysis for pharmacovigilance signal detection studies of chronic disease medications: An example using sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Gamble John‐Michael 
Published: December 2021

AimsDisproportionality analysis is a common pharmacovigilance tool to detect safety signals of type 2 diabetes medications from spontaneous drug reporting databases. The aim was to demonstrate the impact of using active‐comparator restricted disproportionality analysis (ACR‐DA), wherein the reference group is restricted to reports with a clinically appropriate active comparator.MethodsUsing reports from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, we assessed if sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are associated with higher reporting of 5 potential adverse events: acute kidney injury, genitourinary tract infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, fractures, and amputations. For each adverse event, we calculated the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and adjusted reporting odds ratio (aROR [95% confidence interval, CI]) using 3 types of reference groups: no SGLT2 inhibitor (background risk reference), other diabetes drugs (therapeutic class reference), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (active comparator reference).ResultsBased on ACR‐DA, we did not detect a safety signal for acute kidney injury (PRR 0.92 [0.81–1.04]; aROR 0.78 [95% CI 0.72–0.85]) or fractures (PRR 0.44[95% CI 0.17–1.15]; aROR 0.74 [95% CI 0.61–0.91]) associated with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors. However, we detected safety signals for genitourinary tract infections (PRR 2.75[2.02–3.76]; aROR 2.54[2.26–2.86], diabetic ketoacidosis (PRR 63.85[39.37–103.53; aROR 91.49[70.66–118.48]), and amputations (PRR 52.60 [19.66–140.75]; aROR 22.64 [15.32–33.42].ConclusionThe use of the proposed ACR‐DA to detect safety signals of type 2 diabetes medications may reduce false positive safety signals through careful selection of the comparator which is expected to reduce channelling bias.
Role of lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Xie Hongsheng , Yang Xiufang , Cao Yuan , Long Xipeng , Shang Huifang , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLipoic acid (LA) is an endogenous antioxidant that exists widely in nature. Supplementation with LA is a promising approach to improve the outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of both in vitro and in vivo studies describing the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and mechanism of LA in MS‐related experiments and clinical trials. A total of 516 records were identified by searching five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Overall, we included 20 studies reporting LA effects in cell and mouse models of MS and 12 studies reporting LA effects in patients with MS. Briefly, cell experiments revealed that LA protected neurons by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators and activities of immune cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse experiments demonstrated that LA consistently reduced the number of infiltrating immune cells in the central nervous system and decreased the clinical disability scores. Patients with MS showed relatively stable Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and better walking performance with few adverse events after the oral administration of LA. Notably, heterogeneity of this evidence existed among modeling methods, LA usage, MS stage, and trial duration. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects of LA in both in vitro and in vivo experiments; therefore, patients with MS may benefit from LA administration. Whether LA can be a routine supplementary therapy warrants further study.
Modulation of the rat hippocampal‐cortex network and episodic‐like memory performance following entorhinal cortex stimulation
Authors: Jiang Yin , Liu De‐Feng , Zhang Xin , Liu Huan‐Guang , Zhang Chao , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsEntorhinal cortex (EC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown a memory enhancement effect. However, its brain network modulation mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity in the rat hippocampal‐cortex network and episodic‐like memory performance following EC‐DBS.Methods7.0 T functional MRI (fMRI) scans and episodic‐like memory tests were performed 3 days and 28 days after EC‐DBS in healthy rats. The fMRI data processing was focused on the power spectra, functional connectivity, and causality relationships in the hippocampal‐cortex network. In addition, the exploration ratio for each object and the discrimination ratio of the “when” and “where” factors were calculated in the behavioral tests.ResultsEC‐DBS increased the power spectra and the functional connectivity in the prefrontal‐ and hippocampal‐related networks 3 days after stimulation and recovered 4 weeks later. Both networks exhibited a strengthened connection with the EC after EC‐DBS. Further seed‐based functional connectivity comparisons showed increased connectivity among the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and EC, especially on the ipsilateral side of DBS. The dentate gyrus is a hub region closely related to both the EC and the prefrontal cortex and receives information flow from both. Moreover, acute EC‐DBS also enhanced the discrimination ratio of the “where” factor in the episodic‐like memory test on Day 3.ConclusionEC‐DBS caused a reversible modulation effect on functional connectivity in the hippocampal‐cortex network and episodic‐like memory performance.
Translation and validation of the Greek version of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale in an adult population
Authors: Argyrides Marios , Charalambous Zoe , Anastasiades Elly , Michael Katerina 
Published: December 2021

SummaryWeight bias internalization (WBI) has been identified as a global public health concern, which is associated with significant psychological and physical consequences. Despite increased interest in WBI worldwide, cross‐cultural research is limited by the lack of availability of validated measures. The aim of the current study was therefore to translate into Greek and validate the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS‐M), the most widely used instrument in the measurement of WBI. An online convenience sample of 642 participants (364 women and 278 men) completed the Greek translation of the WBIS‐M and validated the measures of satisfaction with appearance, investment in appearance, weight/appearance anxiety, body appreciation, dysfunctional eating habits and global self‐esteem to assess convergent validity. Principal factor and confirmatory analyses revealed that the WBIS‐M upheld its one‐factor structure. The WBIS‐M showed adequate internal consistency, convergent validity and 3‐week test–retest reliability. These findings provide support for the cross‐cultural equivalence of the WBIS‐M and for the utility of this measure in Greek‐speaking populations.
The application of body mass index‐based eligibility criteria may represent an unjustified barrier to renal transplantation in people with obesity
Authors: Tan Alanna , Wilson Scott , Sumithran Priya 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe prevalence of both obesity and end‐stage kidney disease is increasing. In many centres, obesity is considered a relative contraindication to kidney transplantation due to an association with short‐ and longer‐term adverse outcomes. This leads to delayed transplant waitlisting and longer organ waiting times for people with obesity. This review evaluates whether intentional pre‐transplant weight loss in people with obesity improves kidney transplant outcomes. There are currently no data showing that non‐surgical weight loss of 10% or more improves graft or patient survival over 4–5 years. Outcomes from bariatric surgery cohorts have been generally neutral or favourable after pre‐transplant weight loss of ~25%. Given the survival benefit of kidney transplantation compared to maintenance dialysis, and the difficulty of achieving and maintaining weight loss, the common practice of recommending weight loss to achieve arbitrary targets prior to waiting list activation needs to be carefully considered.
Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether applied to crosslinking dyeing of cotton fabric with madder dye
Authors: Cai Xiaoyu , Li Hong , Zhang Li , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCotton fabric dyed with natural madder dye exhibits poor dyeing properties. Although mordant improves the dyeing property of cotton fabric, it changes the madder dye colour tonality (the hue angle). In this study, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was used as a crosslinking agent to dye cotton fabrics with natural madder dye and improve the surface colour depth (K/S) and colour fastness. The molecular structure, crystal structure and surface morphology of crosslinked dyed cotton were analysed using Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results showed that crosslinked dyed cotton fabric had two different ether bonds, and that crosslinked dyeing mainly occurred in the amorphous area. Compared with direct dyed cotton fabric, the hue angle (h°) of crosslinked dyed cotton fabric did not undergo an obvious change, K/S increased by 5, and the rubbing fastness, washing fastness and light fastness increased by 2‐3 levels, indicating that the dyeing property of cotton fabric with natural madder dye could be improved by using EGDE as a crosslinking agent. Compared with raw cotton fabric, the bending length of crosslinked dyed cotton fabric was reduced by 2.28 cm, the wrinkle recovery angle increased by 80.7° and the ultraviolet protection factor value was more than 40, indicating that crosslinked dyed cotton fabric had great softness, wrinkle resistance and excellent ultraviolet resistance. In addition, the water contact angle of the cotton fabric only changed slightly after crosslinking dyeing, and the crosslinked dyed cotton fabric still had good hydrophilicity. Therefore, EGDE was a viable crosslinking agent for cotton fabric with madder dye.
Developmental biology of the larvaceanOikopleura dioica: Genome resources, functional screening, and imaging
Authors: Onuma Takeshi A. , Nishida Hiroki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe larvaceanOikopleura dioicais a cosmopolitan planktonic chordate and is closely related to vertebrates. It is characterized by a tadpole‐shaped morphology with notochord flanked by muscle in the tail and brain on the dorsal side, a short life cycle of five days, a compact genome of approximately 56 Mb, a simple and transparent body with a small number of cells (~4000 in functional juveniles), invariant embryonic cell lineages, and fast development that ensures complete morphogenesis and organ formation 10 h after fertilization. With these features, this marine chordate is a promising and advantageous animal model in which genetic manipulation is feasible. In this review, we introduce relevant resources and modern techniques that have been developed: (1) Genome and transcriptomes.Oikopleura dioicahas the smallest genome among non‐parasitic metazoans. Its genome databases have been generated using three geographically distantO. dioicapopulations, and several intra‐species sequence differences are becoming evident; (2) Functional genetic knockdown techniques. Comprehensive screening of genes is feasible using ovarian microinjection and double‐strand DNA‐induced gene knockdown; and (3) Live imaging of embryos and larvae. Application of these techniques has uncovered novel aspects of development, including meiotic cell arrest, left–right patterning, epidermal cell patterning, and mouth formation involving the connection of ectoderm and endoderm sheets.Oikopleura diocahas become very useful for developmental and evolutionary studies in chordates.
The effects of feed supplements and Nosema bombycis infection on economical traits in various silkworm breeding lines
Authors: Khezrian Ali , Bagheri Masoumeh , Sourati Zanjani Reza , Kheirkhah Rahimabad Yousef , Nematollahian Shahla , Zahmatkesh Azadeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the production capacity of six commercial silkworm Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) lines (numbers 31, 32, 103, 104, 153, and 154), which were contaminated with Nosema bombycis Nageli spores (103 or 105 per ml), the fungus responsible for pebrine (pepper disease) in silkworms. Effects of the two fungal Microsporidia concentrations were tested on silkworm feeding on either treated (with 1.0% Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics or 0.5% Echinacea purpurea plant extract) or non‐treated (control) mulberry leaves (Moraceae). Traits included larval weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, pupal rate, silk shell percentage, total cocoon number, cocoon yield per 10 000 larvae, larval mortality, and incidence of infection in moth. Results showed that lines, feed supplements, and level of Microsporidia spore infection had significant effects on most estimated parameters. Both concentrations of Microsporidia spores led to a decrease in the silkworm performance and an increase in mortality. Supplementation of mulberry leaves with probiotics or plant extract resulted in improvement of economic traits in B. mori. Commercial line 153 performed the best in most of the studied traits and was highlighted as the optimum line for breeding in Iranian silkworm industry. Also, line 104 was the most resistant line to N. bombycis. This information will be helpful for selection of the best line for breeders according to the rearing conditions and desirable economic traits.