bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile High Voltage Power Line Thermometer
Authors: Sudermann F S , Kjartansson K M , Jakobsson S Á , Foley J T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modern power grids perform systematically important tasks with immense capital investment behind them. Infrastructure monitoring is an important field in this industry to guarantee safety, prevent damages and optimize transmission. Accurate readings of environmental variables also help power operators design new infrastructure. Operators address this by visual monitoring, and through the use of sensors placed on high voltage lines. Traditionally, these sensors are permanently installed and require lines to be powered down for deployment and removal. The required disruption of service is associated with high costs and therefore undesirable. Axiomatic Design Theory highlighted unnecessary coupling between disruption and measurement as an opportunity. This paper details a design for a thermometer unit that can be deployed to and removed from a live power line. The device can provide temperature measurements to be used in conjunction with visual LiDAR scans to model the behavior of high voltage lines at different load levels to gauge line sag. Mechanisms were designed to safely fasten the thermometer to a live high voltage line via a VTOL drone and for it to detach given a preset time. In case of system failure, the device removes itself through a variety of redundant fail-safe mechanisms inspired by the Information Axiom. The success of key design concepts was confirmed through 3D printed prototype testing on a section of a surrogate conductor line in a controlled environment.
Sharp weak type estimates for a family of Zygmund bases
Authors: Hagelstein Paul , Stokolos Alex 
Published: September 2021

Let

B

\mathcal {B}

be the collection of rectangular parallelepipeds in

R

3

\mathbb {R}^3

whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes and such that

B

\mathcal {B}

consists of parallelepipeds with side lengths of the form

s
,

2
j

s
,
t

s, 2^j s, t

, where

s
,
t
>
0

s, t > 0

and

j
j

lies in a nonempty subset

S
S

of the integers. In this paper, we prove the following:

If

S
S

is a finite set, then the associated geometric maximal operator

M

B

M_\mathcal {B}

satisfies the weak type estimate

|

{
x
∈

R

3

:

M

B

f
(
x
)
>
α
}

|

≤
C

∫

R

3

|

f

|

α

(
1
+

log
+

⁡

|

f

|

α

)

\begin{equation*} \left |\left \{x \in \mathbb {R}^3 : M_{\mathcal {B}}f(x) > \alpha \right \}\right | \leq C \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} \frac {|f|}{\alpha }\left (1 + \log ^+ \frac {|f|}{\alpha }\right )\; \end{equation*}

but does not satisfy an estimate of the form

|

{
x
∈

R

3

:

M

B

f
(
x
)
>
α
}

|

≤
C

∫

R

3

ϕ

(

|

f

|

α

)

\begin{equation*} \left |\left \{x \in \mathbb {R}^3 : M_{\mathcal {B}}f(x) > \alpha \right \}\right | \leq C \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} \phi \left (\frac {|f|}{\alpha }\right ) \end{equation*}

for any convex increasing function

ϕ
:

[

0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
∞
)

\phi : \mathbb [0, \infty ) \rightarrow [0, \infty )

satisfying the condition

lim

x
→
∞

ϕ
(
x
)

x
(
log
⁡
(
1
+
x
)
)

=
0.

\begin{equation*} \lim _{x \rightarrow \infty }\frac {\phi (x)}{x (\log (1 + x))} = 0. \end{equation*}

On the other hand, if

S
S

is an infinite set, then the associated geometric maximal operator

M

B

M_\mathcal {B}

satisfies the weak type estimate

|

{
x
∈

R

3

:

M

B

f
(
x
)
>
α
}

|

≤
C

∫

R

3

|

f

|

α

(
1
+

log
+

⁡

|

f

|

α

)

2

\begin{equation*} \left |\left \{x \in \mathbb {R}^3 : M_{\mathcal {B}}f(x) > \alpha \right \}\right | \leq C \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} \frac {|f|}{\alpha } \left (1 + \log ^+ \frac {|f|}{\alpha }\right )^{2} \end{equation*}

but does not satisfy an estimate of the form

|

{
x
∈

R

3

:

M

B

f
(
x
)
>
α
}

|

≤
C

∫

R

3

ϕ

(

|

f

|

α

)

\begin{equation*} \left |\left \{x \in \mathbb {R}^3 : M_{\mathcal {B}}f(x) > \alpha \right \}\right | \leq C \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} \phi \left (\frac {|f|}{\alpha }\right ) \end{equation*}

for any convex increasing function

ϕ
:

[

0
,
∞
)
→
[
0
,
∞
)

\phi : \mathbb [0, \infty ) \rightarrow [0, \infty )

satisfying the condition

lim

x
→
∞

ϕ
(
x
)

x
(
log
⁡
(
1
+
x
)

)
2

=
0.

\begin{equation*} \lim _{x \rightarrow \infty }\frac {\phi (x)}{x (\log (1 + x))^2} = 0. \end{equation*}
Labiaplasty: The Stigma Persists
Authors: Sasson Daniel C , Hamori Christine A , Placik Otto J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Heightening interest in labiaplasty has driven potential patients to online fora, permitting the dissemination of material by potentially unqualified or inexperienced individuals. The discourse surrounding this procedure has been injected with strong opinions that are not entirely consistent with medical best-practice or evidence-based knowledge.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the rationale for ongoing public opposition to labiaplasty and to investigate if awareness of the similarities between labiaplasty and breast reduction can alter an individual’s perception.

Methods
Four hundred and forty-eight adult women were surveyed concerning their opinion of a surgical procedure to reduce the size of an unspecified organ related to a woman’s sexuality, breast reduction, and labia reduction.

Results
Reduction of an unspecified organ and breasts was met with significantly greater acceptance than labia reduction (P &lt; 0.0001). Presenting responders with an educational tool comparing each procedure’s indications, risks, and potential benefits did not alter respondent opinions, indicating notions about sexual surgery are relatively fixed. The most common reason respondents persisted in their relative opposition to labia reduction was a perceived deficiency in social acceptance (27.1%), followed by a perceived similarity to female genital mutilation (14.8%).

Conclusions
Attitudes towards labiaplasty seem firmly based on emotion or correlation to other unacceptable practices. Informational resources do not sway these biases; thus, there is a limited role for surgeon-led education in the normalization of labiaplasty because it requires a societal shift in acceptance. Labiaplasty is a procedure whose time for popular acceptance has not yet come.
Comparative analysis of machine learning-based approaches for identifying therapeutic peptides targeting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Manavalan Balachandran , Basith Shaherin , Lee Gwang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted public health as well as societal and economic well-being. In the last two decades, various prediction algorithms and tools have been developed for predicting antiviral peptides (AVPs). The current COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need to develop more efficient and accurate machine learning (ML)-based prediction algorithms for the rapid identification of therapeutic peptides against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several peptide-based ML approaches, including anti-coronavirus peptides (ACVPs), IL-6 inducing epitopes and other epitopes targeting SARS-CoV-2, have been implemented in COVID-19 therapeutics. Owing to the growing interest in the COVID-19 field, it is crucial to systematically compare the existing ML algorithms based on their performances. Accordingly, we comprehensively evaluated the state-of-the-art IL-6 and AVP predictors against coronaviruses in terms of core algorithms, feature encoding schemes, performance evaluation metrics and software usability. A comprehensive performance assessment was then conducted to evaluate the robustness and scalability of the existing predictors using well-constructed independent validation datasets. Additionally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods, providing useful insights into the development of novel computational tools for characterizing and identifying epitopes or ACVPs. The insights gained from this review are anticipated to provide critical guidance to the scientific community in the rapid design and development of accurate and efficient next-generation in silico tools against SARS-CoV-2.
Prying the Doors Open: Women of Color Mentoring in the Field of Communication
Authors: Celeste Manoucheka , Joseph Ralina L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For the past few decades mentoring has moved from being a buzzword in a few select programs into a major institutional goal. From large corporations to small universities, leaders recognize the importance of those with more experience guiding junior employees and students. Colleges and universities have taken the lead nationwide in mentoring efforts, with many having exemplary peer mentoring programs for undergraduates, and some institutions deploying mentoring to support faculty and students. The discipline of Communication has also begun to place more emphasis on mentoring. Yet, some populations, specifically women of color and other minoritized people, do not always have access to networks or programs and are left on their own to navigate institutions and processes. That few women of color faculty inhabit academic spaces in Communication departments, as in other departments across campuses, creates additional challenges for students and faculty, who often lack mentors and yet carry the additional burden of mentoring. This introduction to the special forum in CCC brings sets up the critical insights on mentoring our senior and emerging contributors offer.
Circulating Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Fretts Amanda M , Jensen Paul N , Hoofnagle Andrew N , McKnight Barbara , Sitlani Colleen M , Siscovick David S , King Irena B , Psaty Bruce M , Sotoodehnia Nona , Lemaitre Rozenn N 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies suggest that associations of ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) with health outcomes differ according to the fatty acid acylated to the sphingoid backbone. The purpose of this study was to assess associations of Cer and SM species with mortality.MethodsThe study population included participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a community-based cohort of adults aged ≥65 years who were followed from 1992–2015 (n = 4612). Associations of plasma Cer and SM species carrying long-chain (i.e., 16:0) and very-long-chain (i.e., 20:0, 22:0, 24:0) saturated fatty acids with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 4099 deaths occurred. High concentrations of Cer and SM carrying fatty acid 16:0 were each associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conversely, high concentrations of several ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying longer fatty acids were each associated with a decreased risk of mortality. The hazard ratios for total mortality per 2-fold difference in each Cer and SM species were: 1.89 (95% CI), 1.65–2.17 for Cer-16, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88) for Cer-22, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65–0.84) for Cer-24, 2.51 (95% CI, 2.01–3.14) for SM-16, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.79) for SM-20, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49–0.67) for SM-22, and 0.66 (0.57–0.75) for SM-24. We found no association of Cer-20 with risk of death.ConclusionsAssociations of Cer and SM with the risk of death differ according to the length of their acylated saturated fatty acid. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.
Metabolomics in Clinical Practice: Improving Diagnosis and Informing Management
Authors: Odom John D , Sutton V Reid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetabolomics is the study of small molecules to simultaneously identify multiple low molecular weight molecules in a system. Broadly speaking, metabolomics can be subdivided into targeted and untargeted types of analysis, each type having advantages and drawbacks. Targeted metabolomics can quantify analytes but only looks for known or expected analytes related to particular disease(s), whereas untargeted metabolomics is typically nonquantitative but can detect thousands of analytes from an agnostic or nonhypothesis driven perspective, allowing for novel discoveries.ContentOne application of metabolomics is the study of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). The biochemical hallmark of IEMs is decreased concentrations of analytes distal to the enzymatic defect and buildup of analytes proximal to the defect. Metabolomics can detect these changes with one test and is effective in screening for and diagnosis of IEMs. Metabolomics has also been used to study many nonmetabolic diseases such as autism spectrum disorder, various cancers, and multiple congenital anomalies syndromes. Metabolomics has led to the discovery of many novel biomarkers of disease. Recent publications demonstrate how metabolomics can be useful clinically in the diagnosis and management of patients, as well as for research and clinical discovery.SummaryMetabolomics has proved to be a useful tool clinically for screening and diagnostic purposes and from a research perspective for the detection of novel biomarkers. In the future, metabolomics will likely become a routine part of the evaluation for many diseases as either a supplementary test or it may simply replace historical analyses that require several individual tests and sample types.
Lateral Flow Assays in Infectious Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Boehringer Hans R , O’Farrell Brendan J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Lateral flow immunoassays are widely used as diagnostic tests in many applications in human and other diagnostic areas. Assays for human applications have been commercially available since the 1980s and initially were primarily used to identify pregnancy by measuring human chorionic gonadotropin in urine and serum/plasma.

Content
The first infectious disease lateral flow assays were commercialized in the late 1980s identifying the presence of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes collected with throat swabs; innumerable other applications followed in the intervening decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought a vast number of new assays for which emergency use authorization (EUA) has been requested in the USA. These assays have been designed for detection of the antibody response to an infection and viral antigens in respiratory samples. In view of the onslaught of new tests, this review will focus on the use of rapid lateral flow immunoassays for infectious diseases. Principles of lateral flow assays and approaches to the production of high-sensitivity point-of-care assays are presented. Market trends, customer requirements, and future directions of lateral flow assay technology and its applications in the infectious disease diagnostic space are discussed.

Summary
Lateral flow immunoassays play an important role in infectious disease diagnostics. Advancements in technology have led to improved performance of these assays and acceptance by professional users. With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the market has reached new levels requiring hundreds of millions of tests per year for professional and even home use.
Gender aspects in cardiooncology
Authors: Hohneck Anna , Custodis Florian , Rosenkaimer Stephanie , Hofheinz Ralf , Maier Sandra , Akin Ibrahim , Borggrefe Martin , Gerhards Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Cardiooncology is a relatively new subspeciality, investigating the side effects of cytoreductive therapies on the cardiovascular (CV) system. Gender differences are well known in oncological and CV diseases, but are less elucidated in cardiooncological collectives.

Methods
Five hundred and fifty-one patients (278 male, 273 female) with diagnosed cancer who underwent regular cardiological surveillance were enrolled in the ‘MAnnheim Registry for CardioOncology’ and followed over a median of 41 (95% confidence interval: 40–43) months.

Results
Female patients were younger at the time of first cancer diagnosis [median 60 (range 50–70) vs. 66 (55–75), P = 0.0004], while the most common tumour was breast cancer (49.8%). Hyperlipidaemia was more often present in female patients (37% vs. 25%, P = 0.001). Male patients had a higher cancer susceptibility than female patients. They suffered more often from hypertension (51% vs. 67%, P = 0.0002) or diabetes (14% vs. 21%, P = 0.02) and revealed more often vitamin D deficiency [(U/l) median 26.0 (range 17–38) vs. 16 (9–25), P = 0.002] and anaemia [(g/dl) median 11.8 (range 10.4–12.9) vs. 11.7 (9.6–13.6), P = 0.51]. During follow-up, 140 patients died (male 77, female 63; P = 0.21). An increased mortality rate was observed in male patients (11.4% vs. 14%, P = 0.89), with even higher mortality rates of up to 18.9% vs. 7.7% (P = 0.02) considering tumours that can affect both sexes compared.

Conclusions
Although female patients were younger at the time of first cancer diagnosis, male patients had both higher cancer susceptibility and an increased mortality risk. Concomitant CV diseases were more common in male patients.
Two sides of every coin: individuals’ experiences of undergoing colorectal cancer screening by faecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy
Authors: Wangmar Johanna , Wengström Yvonne , Jervaeus Anna , Fritzell Kaisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcceptability of the recommended screening procedure represents a crucial determinant of the impact of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes. This study aims to explore how individuals in CRC screening experience the screening procedure.MethodsStudy participants (n = 44), aged 60–62 years, screened by faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and/or colonoscopy, were recruited from the Screening of Swedish Colons (SCREESCO) study. Data were collected through six focus group discussions and 20 individual telephone interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in 30 subcategories together forming four categories describing individuals’ experiences of the CRC screening procedure: From no worries to bothering emotions; Varying logistical concerns; Being well treated, but inconsistently informed and involved and Expectations not matching reality. Some subcategories only applied to either FIT or colonoscopy screening, while others applied to both screening procedures.ConclusionsUndergoing CRC screening by FIT or colonoscopy is an individual experience. Strategies to improve patient experiences may include using one-sample FITs and optimizing bowel preparation and scheduling of colonoscopies according to individual preferences. Ensuring that needs for emotional support are acknowledged, together with clear and adequate information delivered at right time are further important aspects to consider.
Growth and structural changes in Swiss uneven-aged forests over 100 years, and comparisons between 15 uneven-aged forest types of Europe, North America and Australia
Authors: Forrester David I , Schmid Hubert , Nitzsche Jens 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Long-term changes in growth, physiology and stand structure, as well as differences due to species composition, were examined in six types of Swiss plenter forests: (1) Picea abies dominated, (2) mixtures of P. abies and Abies alba, (3) mixtures of P. abies, A. alba and Fagus sylvatica, (4) mixtures of Larix decidua, Pinus cembra/sylvatica and P. abies, (5) F. sylvatica dominated and (6) species diverse stands. Long-term changes were examined using 19 plots measured for an average of 94 years. These data were then combined with the literature plenter forest data to compare the growth and structure of 15 species compositions from Europe, North America and Australia. Over the past 100 years, common trends included increases in growth, maximum tree sizes, species diversity, and increasingly convex diameter distributions with fewer medium sized trees and more very large trees. Differences in growth between species compositions were generally consistent with their light-use efficiency, transpiration and water-use efficiency, which were calculated using a process-based model. Stand volume of each forest type was negatively correlated with the shade tolerance (but not crown architectures) of the species it contained, but no such correlations existed for stand basal area. This reflects the high structural variability of these forests (through time and between sites) as well as the high tree neighbourhood variability within plots, which appear to buffer the effects of stand density on regeneration and recruitment. This study shows that despite significant temporal and spatial variability in structure, the negative exponentially shaped diameter distributions were maintained in the long term by applying simple silvicultural principles rather than requiring a very specific stand structure, i.e. a certain stand density, or that all diameter classes strictly lie on the curve of a negative exponentially shaped diameter distribution. The values of stand structural characteristics reported in this study could be used as a guide for the conversion of relatively simply structured forests into plenter forests.
Impact of early genomic prediction for recurrent selection in an upland rice synthetic population
Authors: Baertschi Cédric , Cao Tuong-Vi , Bartholomé Jérôme , Ospina Yolima , Quintero Constanza , Frouin Julien , Bouvet Jean-Marc , Grenier Cécile 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Population breeding through recurrent selection is based on the repetition of evaluation and recombination among best-selected individuals. In this type of breeding strategy, early evaluation of selection candidates combined with genomic prediction could substantially shorten the breeding cycle length, thus increasing the rate of genetic gain. The objective of this study was to optimize early genomic prediction in an upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) synthetic population improved through recurrent selection via shuttle breeding in two sites. To this end, we used genomic prediction on 334 S0 genotypes evaluated with early generation progeny testing (S0:2 and S0:3) across two sites. Four traits were measured (plant height, days to flowering, grain yield, and grain zinc concentration) and the predictive ability was assessed for the target site. For days to flowering and plant height, which correlate well among sites (0.51–0.62), an increase of up to 0.4 in predictive ability was observed when the model was trained using the two sites. For grain zinc concentration, adding the phenotype of the predicted lines in the nontarget site to the model improved the predictive ability (0.51 with two-site and 0.31 with single-site model), whereas for grain yield the gain was less (0.42 with two-site and 0.35 with single-site calibration). Through these results, we found a good opportunity to optimize the genomic recurrent selection scheme and maximize the use of resources by performing early progeny testing in two sites for traits with best expression and/or relevance in each specific environment.