bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halo Properties in Helium Nuclei from the Perspective of Geometrical Thermodynamics
Authors: Parker M. C. , Jeynes C. , Catford W. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nuclear matter and charge radii of the helium isotopes (A = 4,6,8) are calculated by quantitative geometrical thermodynamics (QGT) taking as input the symmetry of the alpha-particle, the very weak binding (and hence halo nature) of the heavier helium isotopes, and a characteristic length scale given by the proton size. The results follow by considering each isotope in its ground state, with QGT representing each system as a maximum entropy configuration that conforms to the Holographic Principle. This allows key geometric parameters to be determined from the number of degrees of freedom available. QGT treats 6He as a 4He core plus a concentric neutron shell comprising a holomorphic pair of neutrons, and the 8He neutron halo is treated as a holomorphic pair of holomorphic pairs. Considering the information content of each system allows a correlation angle of 2pi/3 between the holomorphic entities to be inferred, and then the charge radii of the three isotopes can be calculated from the displacement of the 4He core from the centre of mass. The calculations for the charge and matter radii of 4,6,8He agree closely with observed values. Similar QGT calculation of the sizes of the self-conjugate A = 4n nuclei {4He,8Be,12C,16O,20Ne,24Mg,28Si,32S,36Ar,40Ca} also agree well with experiment.
High mobility transparent and conducting oxide films of La-doped SrSnO3
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Ravi , Asokan K , Choudhary R J , Phase D M , Singh Abhinav Pratap 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of high mobility thin films of La-doped SrSnO 3 are reported. The mobility for the 7% La-doped sample is found to be 228 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . The observed high mobility is associated with the reduced carrier effective mass and scattering centers of various scattering mechanisms. The enhancement in mobility and the increase in carrier concentration after doping reduced the resistivities of the thin films by 5 orders of magnitude. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that La-dopant and oxygen vacancies donate the electrons in the films. Films were highly transparent (> 90%) in the visible region. These materials have great potential to be used in the optoelectronic and heterostructure devices.
Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Brown Adipose Tissue Volumes and T2 Values Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Zeng Yan , Gao Lei , Shao Shuying , Chen Xiaoshuai , Zhang Ping , Zhang Ranxu , Zhou Xiaoyue , Zhao Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rationale and Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values in mice.
Materials and Methods

Twenty-five female Kunming mice were divided into two groups, a running group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 20). After 4 months, all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of mice were performed on a 7 Tesla (7T) MR scanner with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and a T2 mapping sequence. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) volumes and T2 values were measured. To reduce the impact of weight on the results, we compared the ratio of BAT volumes to body weights (V/W). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, the BAT V/W and T2 values were compared between the control and running groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results

Interscapular BAT volumes of the running group (n = 5) and control group (n = 20) were (180.09ml ± 59.80 ml) and (99.98ml ± 35.05ml), respectively. The V/W ratios of the running and control groups were (3.83ml/g ± 0.78ml/g) and (2.17ml/g ± 0.56ml/g), respectively. Interscapular BAT T2 values of the running and control groups were (76.07ms ± 10.82ms) and (61.22ms ± 15.98ms), respectively. Significant differences were found in the BAT V/W ratios (P = 0.0003, P < 0.001) and T2 values between the two groups (P = 0.0096, P < 0.05). BAT volume correlated positively with BAT T2 value (r = 0.75, p = 0.00002).
Conclusions

MRI is a non-invasive and quantitative method for identifying BAT, especially at ultra-high field like 7T. Long-term running increases BAT volume and T2 value, what's more, BAT volume correlates positively with BAT T2 value.
Biochemical and Genotoxic Effects of Iron and Manganese in Oreochromis Niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Authors: Passos Larissa Souza , Coppo Gabriel Carvalho , Pereira Tatiana Miura , Merçon Julia , Teixeira Barbara Chisté , Lopes Taciana Onesorge Miranda , Chippari-Gomes Adriana Regina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Doce River, southeastern Brazil, in 2015 received iron mining tailings after the Fundão (MG) dam burst, which resulted in the leakage of about 50 million cubic meters of tailings mud, which have iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as main components, causing much damage to health to aquatic organisms, including death. Since exposure of aquatic organisms to metals can cause genotoxic damage and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage to biomolecules, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the association between Fe and Mn in Oreochromis niloticus through genotoxic (micronucleus test and comet assay), and biochemical (CAT and GST enzymes) assays. The tested treatments were T1 = control group, T2 = 3.81 mg/L of Fe + 0.5 mg/L of Mn, and T3 = 7.62 mg/L of Fe + 5.23 mg/L of Mn, during 96-h bioassays. All animals exposed to the metals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte micronucleus frequency and DNA damage. The hepatic GST activity increased two times in animals exposed to T3 compared to control group. The results indicate that Fe + Mn caused genotoxic and biochemical changes in exposed fish. Therefore, excess metals in ecosystems, even those essential for organisms, can be dangerous for the local biota due to the risk associated with high concentrations of these metals.
A Spatiotemporal Chaotic System Based on Pseudo-Random Coupled Map Lattices and Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors: Dong Youheng , Geng Zhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The coupled map lattices (CML) is a spatiotemporal chaotic system with complex dynamic behavior. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal chaotic system with a novel pseudo-random coupling method based on the elementary cellular automata (ECA), and add different perturbations to lattices in each iteration according to ECA. We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamic properties and chaotic behaviors of the proposed system such as bifurcation diagrams, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy density, and universality. Moreover, the correlation between any two lattices is discussed. Theory analysis and simulation test indicate that the new system has better performance in complexity, ergodic and unpredictability than conventional CML systems such as adjacent CML and mixed linear-nonlinear CML. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between any two lattices in proposed system is significantly lower than other systems, and another advantage of the proposed system is utilizing the output of ECA to perturb the chaotic system which can effectively alleviate the dynamical degradation in digital system. The excellent performance of proposed system demonstrates that it has great potential for crypto-system.
Magnetized Chitosan Nanocomposite as an Effective Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dyes
Authors: Mashkoor Fouzia , Nasar Abu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herein, a magnetically separable Fe3O4 decorated chitosan was facilely synthesized, systematically characterized, and subsequently employed as a versatile adsorbing material for the adsorption of malachite green and methylene blue dyes. The prepared adsorbent was characteristically examined through Fourier transform infra-red microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction, Brunauere-Emmette-Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometry techniques. The performance of adsorbent was studied in batch mode and the the time-dependent experimental data were analyzed with different kinetic models, and pseudo-IInd-order was provided the best fit for the adsorption of both the dyes with a high value of the regression coefficient. The adsorption equilibrium data of both the dyes was best explained by Langmuir isotherm, and the maximum sorption capacity of MG and MB was found to be 55.86 and 76.34 mg g-1, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis declared that the adsorption of MG and MB onto the MChi was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Moreover, the adsorbent presented good reusability up to three successive ad-/de-sorption cycles, indicating that MChi is a promising applicant for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater.
A Significant Correlation Between Osteoarthritis of the Atlantoaxial Facet Joint and a High-riding Vertebral Artery
Authors: Shimizu Tomoaki , Koda Masao , Abe Tetsuya , Shibao Yosuke , Kono Mamoru , Eto Fumihiko , Miura Kosei , Mataki Kentaro , Noguchi Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Funayama Toru , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background A high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) is an intraosseous anomaly that narrows the trajectory for C2 pedicle screws. The prevalence of a HRVA is high in patients who need surgery at the craniovertebral junction, but reports about HRVAs among subaxial cervical spine disorders are limited. We sought to determine the prevalence of HRVAs among patients with subaxial cervical spine disorders to elucidate the potential risk for VA injury in subaxial cervical spine surgery. Methods We included 215 patients, 94 were with a main lesion from C3 to C7 (subaxial group) and 121 were with a main lesion from T1 to L5 (thoracolumbar group). A HRVA was defined as a maximum C2 pedicle diameter of <3.5mm on axial CT. The sex, age of patients, body mass index (BMI), osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial (C1/2) facet joints and prevalence of a HRVA in the 2 groups were compared and logistic regression was used to identify the factors correlate with a HRVA. Results The patients of subaxial group were younger than those of the thoracolumbar group but the sex and BMI didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups. The osteoarthritis grade of C1/2 facet joints of the subaxial group was statistically higher than the thoracolumbar group. A HRVA was found in 26 patients of 94 (27.7 %) in the subaxial group and in 19 of 121 (15.7%) in the thoracolumbar group. The prevalence of a HRVA in the subaxial group was statistically higher and logistic regression analysis indicated that osteoarthritis of C1/2 facet joints significantly correlated with HRVA. Conclusions The prevalence of a HRVA in patients with subaxial cervical spine disorders is higher than in those without cervical spine disorders, and osteoarthritis of C1/2 facet joints significantly correlated with a HRVA.
Bacterial and Fungal Co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 in Solid Organ Recipients, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Shekari Zahra , Boorboor Arash , Zare Zahra , Arabsheybani Sara , Azadeh Nazanin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has caused clusters of fatal pneumonia worldwide. Immune compromised patients are among the high risk groups with poor prognosis of the disease. The presence of bacterial or fungal co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with increased mortality.Methods The electronic data of the liver and kidney recipients, hospitalized in COVID-19 intensive care unit in an 8-month period in 2020 were retrospectively assessed. The documented bacterial or fungal infections alongside with outcome and risk factors were recorded and analyzed by binary logistic regression model and multivariate analyses.Results Sixty-Six liver and kidney recipients were included this study. Twenty one percent of the patients had at least one episode of co-infection during their COVID-19 course. Bacterial and fungal co-infections contributed to a significantly higher mortality. Urine and sputum were the most common sites of pathogen isolation (45.45 % and 36.36%; respectively). The majority of infections were caused by vancomycin- resistant Enterococci (30%). Escherichia coli stood in the next position with 23.3%. Prior hospitalization and high does corticosteroid use were associated with co-infections (p=0<0.001 and p=0.02; respectively.)Conclusions Bacterial and fungal co-infections with COVID-19 are more prevalent on solid organ recipients compared to the general population. Prior hospitalizations and use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents leads to emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens in this susceptible patient population. Early detection and treatment of co-infections as well as antibiotic stewardship is recommended in solid organ recipients.
High Prevalence of Anterior Pituitary Deficiencies after Cranial Radiation Therapy for Skull Base Meningiomas.&nbsp;
Authors: Raymond Perrine , Klein Marc , Cuny Thomas , Klein Olivier , Salleron Julia , Bernier Valérie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Cranial irradiation represents the first-line treatment proposed in skull base meningiomas. While cranial irradiation is associated with a high risk of secondary hypopituitarism, few studies focused on the specific location of skull base meningiomas. Methods: 52 adults receiving photon-beam therapy for skull base meningiomas between 1978 and 2014 in our Institution were included. Anterior pituitary (ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, TSH and prolactin) as well as corresponding peripheral hormones (8am-Cortisol, IGF-1, fT3, fT4, 17βestradiol or testosterone) were biologically screened before radiotherapy (baseline), then yearly until March 2019. The pituitary gland (PG) was delineated on CT and the mean dose delivered to it was calculated.Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 56 +/-14 years. Median follow-up was 7 years. Up to 60% of patients developed at least ≥ 2 pituitary deficiencies, 10 years after radiotherapy. Gonadotroph, thyrotroph, corticotroph and somatotroph deficiencies occurred in 37%, 28%, 18% and 15% of patients, respectively. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 13 % of patients. None patient had only one pituitary deficiency. In the multivariate analysis, a delivered dose to the PG ≥ 50 Gy or a meningioma size ≥ 40 mm significantly increased the risk of developing hypopituitarism. Conclusions: Over a long-term follow-up, cranial radiation therapy used in skull base meningiomas led to a high prevalence of hypopituitarism, further pronounced in case of tumor ≥ 4cm. These results advocate for an annual and prolonged follow-up of the pituitary functions in patients with irradiated skull base meningiomas.
DYNAMISM: A Low-Cost Automatic System for Measurements of Gas Exchange at Canopy Scale in Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Salvatori Nicole , Alberti Giorgio , Muller Onno , Rascher Uwe , Peressotti Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundObtaining instantaneous gas exchanges data is fundamental to gain information on photosynthesis. Leaf level data are reliable, but their scaling up to canopy scale is difficult as they are acquired in standard and/or controlled conditions, while natural environments are extremely dynamic. Responses to dynamic environmental conditions need to be considered, as measurements at steady state and their related models may overestimate total carbon (C) plant uptake.ResultsIn this paper, we describe an automatic, low-cost measuring system composed of 12 open chambers (60 x 60 x 150 cm; around 400 euros per chamber) able to measure instantaneous CO2 and H2O gas exchanges, as well as environmental parameters, at canopy level. We tested the system’s performance by simulating different CO2 uptake and respiration levels using a tube filled with soda lime or pure CO2, respectively, and quantified its response time and measurement accuracy. We have been also able to evaluate the delayed response due to the dimension of the chambers, proposing a method to correct the data by taking into account the response time (to) and the residence time (τ). Finally, we tested the system by growing a commercial soybean variety in fluctuating and non-fluctuating light, showing the system to be fast enough to capture fast dynamic conditions. At the end of the experiment, we compared cumulative fluxes with total plant dry biomass.ConclusionsThe system slightly over-estimated (+ 7.6%) the total C uptake, even though not significantly, confirming its ability in measuring the overall CO2 fluxes at canopy scale. Furthermore, the system resulted to be accurate and stable, allowing to estimate the response time and to determine steady state fluxes from unsteady state measured values. Thanks to the flexibility in the software and to the dimensions of the chambers, the system can be used for several applications and with different plant canopies by mimicking different (i.e. dynamic and static) environmental conditions.
Experience of COVID-19 Vaccination of Healthcare Workers in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Azamgarhi Tariq , Hodgkinson Michelle , Shah Ashik , Skinner John , Briggs Tim , hauptmannova Iva , Warren Simon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Several COVID-19 vaccines against SAR-CoV-2 have demonstrated high efficacy in clinical trials. This is the first report describing their use in a healthcare setting.Methods We conduct a single centre observational study assessing vaccine uptake and apparent efficacy of the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine among healthcare workers (HCW). Results Overall uptake was 60.8%, however we saw statistically significant differences in uptake between age groups, ethnic origins, and job roles. In the 42 days after vaccination, 45 new cases of COVID were identified, of which 4 (8.9%) occurred in HCWs who were beyond 10 days of vaccination. Kaplan Meier curves for vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were congruent until day 14 and continued to diverge up to 42 days. Cox regression analysis showed a 79.0% (95%CI 21 – 95; p=0.02) risk reduction for COVID infection in vaccinated HCWs. Conclusions Initial vaccination rates among HCW were generally good, although uptake was lower in certain groups and efforts should focus on increasing uptake in these groups. The Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is effective from 14 days post-vaccination in a frontline clinical setting and protection continues beyond 21 days post 1st dose without a 2nd dose, being given.
Tai Chi versus High-intensity Interval Training on Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Pang Xiaowu , Zhu Dong , Yang Suyong , Ke Xiao , Wang Tianyuan , Wang Jiabin , Schöllhorn Wolfgang I. , Yin Yanqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Cognitive function of individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) is defective, and higher cognitive inhibitory control ability is considered to be related to lower drug craving. As a conjunction treatment for individuals with SUD, exercise has received supports and attention in many countries recently. Exercise has been reported to be beneficial for cognitive rehabilitation. However, different exercises have different effects on cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a single session of Tai chi (TC) exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inhibitory control in individuals with SUD.
Methods

A total 47 individuals with methamphetamine dependence were recruited from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center; participation in this study was voluntary. The participants were randomly assigned to the TC group or the HIIT group, and computer-based Go/No-go and Stroop tasks were used to assess inhibitory control in an indoor setting prior to and following exercise. Independent sample t-test was applied for baseline comparison of continuous variables, while repeated-measures analysis of variance was applied to test differences in the effect of each intervention before and after a single session of exercise.
Results

In Go/No-go test, the reaction time of the TC and HIIT groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline, and the response accuracy of the post-test were higher than that of the baseline. In the Stroop task, the reaction time of two groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline; while, greater improvement in response accuracy was observed in HIIT group in the post-test than that of the baseline.
Conclusion

Both TC and HIIT can promote inhibitory control in individuals with SUD. Compared with the TC group, the HIIT group showed greater improvements in response accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of TC and HIIT in improving cognition in SUD.
Trial registration

: ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Registered 27th March, 2019.
Exploring Personal Development Workshops’ Effect on Well-being and Interconnectedness&nbsp;
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Yount Garret , Vieten Cassandra , Radin Dean , Delorme Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Personal development workshops are increasingly popular. This study evaluated the relationships between measures of well-being, interconnectedness, and extended perception in a variety of these workshops, and it explored which kinds of workshops and individual characteristics predicted changes in these outcomes. Materials and Methods: In a prospective, uncontrolled, within-participant design study, adult participants completed questionnaires and online tasks before and after personal development workshops. Two sets of analyses were completed, 1) examining the relationships between measures using only pre-workshop measures using Spearman correlations and 2) exploring change scores pre- to post-workshop and workshop and individual characteristics as predictors of those change scores using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and multivariate nonparametric methods. Results: The subjective sense of interconnectedness and well-being were intercorrelated, but extended perception task performance was not correlated with those factors. General personal development workshops improved subjective interconnectedness, well-being, positive emotion, compassion, and reduced sleep disturbances, negative emotion, and pain. The workshop formats of lecture, small groups, pairs, and discussion were significant predictors of well-being outcomes. The workshop content categories of meditation and technology tools were also predictive of well-being outcomes, with meditation being the most consistent predictor of positive well-being changes. Conscientiousness was the only significant individual characteristic predictor, although it was associated with increases in some well-being measures and decreases in others. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the positive relationship between the subjective sense of interconnectedness and multiple well-being measures and the beneficial effects of personal development workshops.
Testing Significance of Macroeconomic Variables in Explaining Aggregate Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the relationship between the aggregate economic growth and the macroeconomic variables during the period 1977-2016. A first-order autocorrelation in the dependent and independent variables was detected. The residuals of the ordinary least squares (OLS) model were also affected by heteroscedasticity. By applying multiple econometric estimation techniques, the study finds that annual consumption growth, government expenditure growth, and gross savings to GDP ratio are the most statistically significant macroeconomic variables in explaining the change in aggregate economic growth.