bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crouzeix's conjecture, compressions of shifts, and classes of nilpotent matrices
Authors: Bickel Kelly , Corbett Georgia , Glenning Annie , Guan Changkun , Vollmayr-Lee Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article studies the level set Crouzeix (LSC) conjecture, which is a weak version of Crouzeix’s conjecture that applies to finite compressions of the shift. Among other results, this article establishes the LSC conjecture for several classes of

3
×
3

3\times 3

,

4
×
4

4\times 4

, and

5
×
5

5\times 5

matrices associated with compressions of the shift via a geometric analysis of their numerical ranges. This study also establishes Crouzeix’s conjecture for several classes of nilpotent matrices whose studies are motivated by related compressions of shifts.
Influence of plasma nitriding on surface layer of M50NiL steel for bearing applications
Authors: Reddy C. Anil Kumar , Rao Pothamsetty Kasi V. , Venkatesh Begori , Rao Boggarapu Nageswara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research on plasma nitriding was carried out on M50NiL bearing steel, subject to temperatures ranging from 460 to 560°C over periods from 4 to 40 h, while keeping the gas mixture at a steady ratio of 80H2:20N2. To examine the phase structure and chemical composition of the plasma nitrided layer, techniques such as energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized. The M50NiL steel sample heated to 550°C for 24 h was found to contain an unusually high amount of nitrogen, as per the EDS analysis. The majority of the nitrided layer’s composition is made up of nitrogen-expended phases. Following XRD analysis, several peaks were identified, including α′-FeN, γ′-FeN, γ′-Fe3N, α′-Fe, and γ′-Fe. The main objective of this research was to explore the impact of temperature on the microstructure, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the surface nitrided layers. The steel that underwent nitriding at 500°C for 4 h demonstrated a significantly higher surface hardness of 1,332 HV, with an additional increase in case depth by 62.00 μm. The findings suggest that both the duration and temperature of nitriding affect the depth of the plasma nitrided layer. The surface hardness of the plasma samples was found to be notably improved. The steel sample, PN 500, nitrided at 08 h, exhibited the highest wear resistance among the nitride samples. The wear resistance of the samples was shown to be significantly enhanced. Potentiodynamic tests were conducted to assess the corrosion resistance of the nitrided steel, revealing that it was notably more resistant than the untreated steel. Furthermore, it was observed that steel nitrided for shorter durations at lower temperatures (e.g., 460°C for 4 h) demonstrated superior corrosion resistance compared to samples nitrided at higher temperatures.
Central precocious puberty in a toddler with hypothalamic hamartoma
Authors: Turhan Banu , Büyükyılmaz Gönül , Boyraz Mehmet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare condition that causes epilepsy and central precocious puberty (CPP) at an early age. In this report, we describe a child with CPP secondary to HH and discuss the current literature.

Case presentation
A 26-month-old girl was brought to our hospital for evaluation of breast enlargement. Her parents were first-degree relatives. Her breast development was categorized as Tanner stage 3, and her bone age was 7 years/4 months. Laboratory investigations were consistent with CPP. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a smooth, spherical lesion in the hypothalamus, located in the tuber cinereum and measuring 11 × 9 × 10 mm. The lesion was identified as a HH. The patient was started on gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy, specifically 200 μg/kg/month of leuprolide acetate (3.75 mg depot) administered intramuscularly every 28 days. During the 2-year follow-up, her breast development remained at Tanner stage 3, and she did not develop axillary or pubic hair. Her bone age was 7 years/6 months (chronological age; 4 years/2 months). 2-year follow-up MRI showed no change in the size or contours of the HH compared with the initial diagnosis. No side effects from the medical treatment were observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
In patients under the age of 4 years showing signs of CPP, HH should be considered as diagnosis. All patients receiving medical treatment should be closely monitored.
Variation is the way to perfection: imperfect rhyming in Chinese hip hop
Authors: Wang Tianxiao , Lin Yuhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the burgeoning interest in the linguistic construction of localized hip hop identities, rhyming practices, an essential component of the genre, remain underexplored. Conversely, phonological studies interpret imperfect rhyming in hip hop as evidence of rappers’ implicit knowledge of a stable linguistic system. Drawing on both strands of research, this study examines how Chinese rappers enhance the perceptual rhymability of prescriptively imperfect rhymes and how these strategies embody rappers’ agentive efforts at glocalizing hip hop and reflect broader sociolinguistic changes in China. The dataset comprises 369 instances of monolingual (Chinese, English) or crosslinguistic (English-Chinese) imperfect rhymes, drawn from a rap competition show. Results suggest that a majority of monolingual Chinese imperfect rhyme sets adhere to the rhyming schemes in traditional folk arts, while numerous monolingual English and English-Chinese imperfect rhyme sets align with Zwicky’s Rock Rhyme framework derived from English rock lyrics. Additionally, we identified two other strategies originating from the phonological features of (1) Southern Mandarin and (2) Chinese-accented English, both of which are prominent linguistic influences in contemporary Chinese society. This study explores rap music’s fundamental linguistic device in the process of glocalization and develops an analytical paradigm for both monolingual and crosslinguistic rhyming practices.
The Complementary Principle and language dominance: mapping the language–domain relationships of Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: Olson Daniel J. , Czerwionka Lori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While language dominance has been crucial in the study of bilingualism, recent research has called for more detailed measures to systematically account for the observation that bilinguals use different languages in different domains, a phenomenon formalized in the Complementary Principle. Few studies have systematically measured these language–domain relationships. Addressing these gaps, this study employs a novel, mixed-methods approach to identify the links between domain (i.e., topic) and language and to examine the effect of language dominance on language–domain relationships. Spanish–English bilinguals in the U.S. (N = 443) responded to open-ended prompts about the topics they discuss in each of their two languages and when code-switching. A qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify relevant topic categories and examine the relationships between topic and language. Subsequent analysis examined variability in language-domain mappings of bilinguals from across the language dominance continuum. Results showed that Spanish was most associated with topics of family and day-to-day life and English with academics and work. Little differentiation in language–domain mappings was found between English-dominant, Spanish-dominant, and balanced bilinguals. Findings are discussed with a focus on the methodological contributions and the implications for integrating the Complementary Principle in measures of language dominance.
Advanced integration of IoT and AI algorithms for comprehensive smart meter data analysis in smart grids
Authors: Wang Qing , Li Guimin , Xia Xiaodong , Jing Zhen , Zhang Zhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Smart grids utilize advanced communication, information, and control technologies to build a more friendly power supply system. However, the development of technology leads to the increasing complexity of smart meter (SM) data in the power grid, and analyzing SM data becomes difficult. Therefore, in order to realize the effective analysis and forecasting of users’ electricity consumption behavior, an SM data analysis technique integrating the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence is proposed, which contains three major techniques: meter reading systems, load clustering, and load forecasting, and at last the technique is validated. Finally, the technology is validated. The experimental results showed that the average value of the Davis-Balding index for the proposed method combining recursive graphs and convolutional autoencoders was 1.87, which was significantly lower than the average value of 2.35 for other methods. The average value of the Dunn index was 0.086, which was higher than the 0.065 for the comparison method. In the load forecasting model, the model that employs multi-task learning and a gated cycle unit demonstrates superior performance across all comparison schemes, with the lowest average absolute percentage error of 12.90%. This is significantly lower than the comparison model’s 15.35%, which highlights the enhanced efficacy of the proposed model. The study realizes the effective analysis and prediction of consumers’ electricity consumption behavior and provides new ideas and solutions for the optimization and management of smart grids.
Sacrifice and Natality: Surrogacy Structures
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article, I begin to unpick the complex relationships between birth and sacrifice, taking my cue from the strange surrogacy structures in the textual triptych Genesis 21-23 (the expulsion [“sacrifice”] of Ishmael and Hagar, the surrogate mother; Abraham’s “sacrifice” of Isaac; and the death of Sarah), and the expansion of this birth-sacrifice complex in unexpected sources, including Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling and midrashim and liturgical poems. These traditions amplify the strange homologies between birth, sacrifice, and surrogacy (endless substitutions) around the (in)famous biblical sacrifice, in which a son is substituted by a surrogate, the ram, and still “sacrificed.” The many inflections of the birth-sacrifice relationship range from replacement (birth elided in a ritual of “birth done better”), to the triumph of natality over mortality and the anxious mimetic performance of the extreme adventure and risk of labour.
Immaterielles Kulturerbe als guter Grund
Authors: Enders Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anders als bei etablierten Verträglichkeitsstudien zum materiellen Welterbe gibt es in Bezug auf das immaterielle Kulturerbe keine bewehrten Werkzeuge oder Methoden für kultur- und bodenpolitische Aushandlungsprozesse. Gleichzeitig ist die dynamische Weitergabe des immateriellen Kulturerbes nur durch Aushandlungsprozesse und das Engagement der Zivilbevölkerung gewährleistet. Der Beitrag geht diesem Widerspruch insofern auf den Grund, als er anhand von verschiedenen Beispielen im urbanen, aber auch ruralen Kontext der Frage nachgeht, welche Wirkung die Benennung eines immateriellen Kulturerbes und die Einschreibung in das bundesweite Verzeichnis für die Verräumlichung des lebendigen Erbes haben. Mit Fokus auf die Strukturwandelregion des Rheinischen Reviers erörtert der Beitrag das schlummernde Potential in Bezug auf Folgeprozesse und Verantwortlichkeiten, die aus der Identifikation und Berücksichtigung des Immateriellen für Raumplanungsprozesse erwachsen könnten.
Wie „lebendig“ muss Living Heritage sein?
Authors: de Oliveira Pinto Tiago 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Dem kanonisierten Meisterwerk der abendländischen Musikgeschichte, das bereits im Programm zum UNESCO Weltdokumentenerbe von 1992 als schriftliches Autograph einen Platz erhalten hatte, steht mit der Konvention von 2003 klingende Musik als immaterielles Kulturerbe zur Seite. Um zu einem sinnvollen Vitality Index von Musikerbe zu kommen, müssen zunächst die wesentlichen Indikatoren erkannt und in eine Werteskala eingefasst werden. Über die allgemeinen Kriterien für lebendiges Kulturerbe hinaus bietet musikalisches Erbe den Vorteil, dass sich hier ganz eigene Elemente relativ unmissverständlich isoliert betrachten lassen.
Dehydration of un-irradiated and gamma and electron-beam irradiated europium acetate hydrate under non-isothermal conditions: kinetics of the dehydration process of un-irradiated material
Authors: Saleh Noura Mossaed , Aly Hisham Fouad , Mahmoud Ahmed Eman Abdelrahman , Mahfouz Refaat Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The authors present here the decomposition of un-irradiated (pristine) as well as of gamma (γ) and electron beam (EB) irradiated samples of europium (III) acetate hydrate (EuAc.xH2O) in the temperature range of 25–900 °C in the air atmosphere. Two absorbed doses of 103 (γ-ray) and 102 kGy (EB) were examined. The profiles of the TG curves of the dehydration process display noticeable changes in induction periods and mass loss percentages by exposure to irradiation. The kinetics of the dehydration process were analyzed using both model-fitting and model-free approaches. The dehydration process was controlled by the phase boundary model (R2). The E

a
−α plots indicate that the dehydration is not a complex process and follows one reaction mechanism. Powder X-ray diffraction displayed that europium acetate hydrate crystallizes in a monoclinic system (SG P2/m), and no phase transformation was detected by two sources of irradiation up to 103 (γ-ray) and 102 kGy (EB). Thermodynamic parameters of the dehydration process were calculated and assessed. A predicted thermogram (TG) of the isothermal dehydration of EuAc.xH2O was constructed from non-isothermal data and used to determine the reaction model and the kinetic parameters of the dehydration process.
A new targetry system for cyclotron production of pharmaceutical grade indium-111 radioisotope
Authors: Fazaeli Yousef , Ashtari Parviz , Feizi Shahzad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to present a new, fast, simple, low-cost and innovative method for the production and purification of pharmaceutical grade indium-111 chloride for use in nuclear medicine.In the previous methods for cyclotron production of indium-111 radioisotope, besides the need for high amount of enriched cadmium, in electrodeposition of enriched cadmium on copper backings for target preparation and its chemical dissolution step, impurities of isotopes of copper and zinc enter the final product. So, radiolabeling of such products was hard or impossible with some molecules. In this research, due to the proper selection of the target isotope, enriched cadmium-112, and the optimal proton bombardment energy, only very low amount radioisotopic impurities were produced and observed in the sample solution. After the separation process, the amounts of zinc-65 and indium-114 were less than the standard permissible amounts in indium-111 radiopharmaceuticals. The concentration of cadmium impurities in the final product was less than 0.1 ppm. The radionuclidic purity of the sample was confirmed by gamma ray spectroscopy, and it was found to be suitable for use in preclinical studies.
Innovations in perovskite solar cells: a journey through 2D, 3D, and 2D/3D heterojunctions
Authors: Sehar Anum , Nasir Fariha , Farhan Ahmad , Akram Samiullah , Qayyum Wajeeha , Zafar Kainat , Ali Syed Kashif , Qamar Muhammad Azam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention in the photovoltaic community due to their exceptional performance, cost-effective manufacturing, and potential for diverse optoelectronic applications. Despite their promise, maintaining the operational stability of PSCs remains a critical challenge. In recent years, nanostructured materials, particularly two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and their 2D/3D heterojunction combinations, have emerged as innovative solutions to enhance PSCs’ stability and photovoltaic efficiency. This review examines recent advancements in PSCs utilizing these materials. It begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of perovskite-based photovoltaics and progresses to analyzing the role of 2D, 3D, and 2D/3D materials in optimizing PSC components. Key challenges in this field are also highlighted, alongside innovative strategies to overcome them, thus providing insights into the future direction of PSC technology.
Evaluation of the Single Leg Stance Test for an Annual Preventative Physical Therapy Visit and the Effect of Education on the Perceived Value of Test Results as a Health Indicator
Authors: Lieberz Dalerie , Dittbenner Courtney , Koch Hannah , Paul Tonya , Sonterre Mikalyn 
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose:
A preventative model of physical therapy (PT) care to promote activity and minimize mobility loss with aging is not routine. Performance testing and patient education are recommended to increase the perceived value of results to inform health decision-making. This study evaluated (1) the Single Leg Stance (SLS) test for an annual visit based on a priori criteria and (2) the effect of education on the perceived value of SLS and walking speed test results as health indicators.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, ambulatory adults aged 55+ completed a pre-survey, performed SLS and walking speed tests, received education about their results, and completed a post-survey. The distribution of test results was displayed with histograms and analyzed for correlations. Participants used a Likert scale to rate how they perceived the value of their test results as health indicators before and after education and their satisfaction with the education received, including a novel pocket card.

Results:
On average, participants (n = 152) were 64 years old (age range 55-82), 91% white, and 61% female. Walking speed results were normally distributed, and SLS results demonstrated a ceiling effect. Participants were below published norms for SLS 33% of the time and 34% for walking speed. The SLS test took an average of 3.6 minutes to complete. Binarized results for the tests as at/above and below norms were correlated with χ2 (1, N = 152) = 10.48, P = .001. The test results were significantly more valued as health indicators after education. Seventy-two percent of participants agreed (median rating 4, range 1-5) that they would be interested in PT if their walking speed results were below the norm, and 76% agreed for SLS.

Conclusion:
The ceiling effect disadvantages the SLS test with an annual PT visit. Education on test results and comparison to norms increased how older adults valued physical performance measures as health indicators.
DIFERENTES TEORIAS E PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DE ARTE NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Schmitz Diego , Lima Pacheco Paula , Gomes Lemos Rosemar 
Published: December 2024

Resumo: O presente trabalho trata de uma experiência realizada através de oficinas didático-pedagógicas em duas Instituições Públicas, sendo uma de ensino e outra assistencial, especificamente uma escola municipal de ensino fundamental e uma Casa Lar para Menores. A investigação realizada foi do tipo pesquisa-ação. Os autores levando em consideração o pensamento de teóricos da área de educação verificaram e analisaram os diferentes comportamentos observados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem nas duas instituições a partir do público-alvo envolvido. Os graduandos tiveram por referência alguns teóricos abordados, especialmente, nas disciplinas de Pedagogia e Arte-educação, do Curso de Artes Visuais Licenciatura.Abstract: This paper deals with an experiment carried out through didactic and educational workshops in two public institutions, one of education and other assistencialist, specifically a municipal elementary school and a House for Children. The investigation-type was the action-research type. The authors considering the thought of the theoretical area of education verified and analyzed the different behaviors observed in the teaching-learning process in two institutions from the audience involved. The theoretical reference for graduate had addressed, especially in the disciplines of Education and Arts Education, the School of Visual Arts Degree.
MATAR, MORRER E CRER EM BOTOPÁSI, ALTO SURINAME
Authors: Brittes Pires Rogério 
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Uma reflexão sobre a interação entre o cristianismo e outras práticas e saberes mágico-religiosos afro-americanos, na aldeia maroon saamaka Botopási, no Alto Suriname. Ao buscar entender como a filosofia moral saamaka lida com graves crimes como o assassinato, é aberta uma discussão sobre a agência sobrenatural do Deus criador, dos espíritos vingativos conhecidos como kúnu, das receitas mágicas chamadas óbia e de outras entidades e divindades. A importância da noção de crença, aparece com vigor neste pensamento, bem como uma visão particular da temporalidade e da intencionalidade das ações humanas e não-humanas.Abstract: A small reflection on the interaction between Christianity and other African-American magico-religious practices and knowledges in Botopási, a saamaka maroon village in Upper Suriname. While trying to understand how saamaka moral philosophy deals with serious crimes such as murder, we arrive in a debate on the supernatural agency of God, of the avenging spirits known as kúnu, of magical formulae called óbia and of other deities and entities. The idea of belief is key in this system of thought, as is a particular vision of temporality and intentionality of human and non-human actions.
DA REGIÃO CENTRO SUL ÀS TERRAS VERMELHAS DAS MISSÕES: UM EXAME COMPARATIVO DA ESTRUTURA DE POSSE DE ESCRAVOS EM CAÇAPAVA E SÃO BORJA (RIO GRANDE DE SÃO PEDRO, PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XIX)
Authors: Goya Fontella Leandro , Corrêa André do Nascimento 
Published: December 2024

Resumo: O trabalho escravo constituiu-se numa das principais formas de mão de obra no Rio Grande de São Pedro no século XIX, até mesmo nas áreas predominantemente agropastoris, inclusive naquelas de pouca envergadura econômica. Neste artigo, focamos no exame comparativo da estrutura de posse de cativos entre duas regiões de produção agropastoril modesta: as vilas de Caçapava e São Borja. O período de análise é entre os anos de 1820 e 1850. Destaca-se a disseminação da propriedade escrava pela malha social, e o grau de concentração desta entre os diversos estratos socioeconômicos. Além disto, confronta-se os resultados com estudos realizados para outras áreas brasileiras.Abstract: The slave labor was constituted as one of the major forms of labor in the Rio Grande of São Pedro in the nineteenth century, even in predominantly agropastoral areas including those of little economic scale. In this work, we focus on a comparative examination of the ownership of captives between two regions of modest agropastoral production: the villages of Caçapava and São Borja. The period of analysis is between the years 1820 and 1850. It is highlighted the spread of the slave property by the social network, and its concentration degree between the several socioeconomic strata. Furthermore, it is confronted the results with studies to other Brazilian areas.