bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuregulin‐1 alleviate oxidative stress and mitigate inflammation by suppressing NOX4 and NLRP3/caspase‐1 in myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Fuhua , Wang Huan , Liu Xuejing , Yu Haiyi , Huang Xiaomin , Huang Wei , Wang Guisong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1) is reported to be cardioprotective through the extracellular‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway in myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI). NOX4‐induced ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbates MIRI. This study aims to investigate whether NRG‐1 can suppress NOX4 by ERK1/2 and consequently inhibit the NLRP3/caspase‐1 signal in MIRI. The myocardial infarct size (IS) was measured by TTC‐Evans blue staining. Immunohistochemical staining, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and Western blotting were used for detection of the factors, such as NOX4, ERK1/2, NLRP3, caspase‐1 and IL‐1β .The IS in the NRG‐1 (3 μg/kg, intravenous) group was lower than that in the IR group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed NRG‐1 decreased 4HNE and NOX4. The RT‐qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed that NRG‐1 mitigated the IR‐induced up‐regulation of NOX4 and ROS production. Compared with the IR group, the NRG‐1 group exhibited a higher level of P‐ERK1/2 and a lower level of NLRP3. In the Langendorff model, PD98059 inhibited ERK1/2 and up‐regulated the expression of NOX4, NLRP3, caspase‐1 and IL‐1β, which exacerbated oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, NRG‐1 can reduce ROS production by inhibiting NOX4 through ERK1/2 and inhibit the NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway to attenuate myocardial oxidative damage and inflammation in MIRI.
Dental software classification and dento‐facial interdisciplinary planning platform
Authors: Coachman Christian , Blatz Markus Bernhard , Bohner Lauren , Sesma Newton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite all advantages provided by the digital workflow, its application in clinical practice is still more focused on device manufacturing and clinical execution than on treatment planning and communication. The most challenging phases of treatment, comprehensive planning, diagnosis, risk assessment, and decision‐making, are still performed without significant assistance from digital technologies. This article proposes a new dental software classification based on the digital workflow timeline, considering the moment of patient's case acceptance as key in this classification, and presents the ideal software tools for each phase.Clinical ConsiderationsThe proposed classification will help clinicians and dental laboratories to choose the most appropriate software during the treatment planning phase and integrate virtual plans with other software platforms for digitally guided execution. A dento‐facial interdisciplinary planning platform virtually simulates interdisciplinary clinical procedures and assists in the decision‐making process.ConclusionsThe suggested classification assists professionals in different phases of the digital workflow and provides guidelines for improvement and development of digital technologies before treatment plan acceptance by the patient.Clinical SignificanceThree‐dimensional interdisciplinary simulations allow clinicians to visualize how each dental procedure influences further treatments. With this treatment planning approach, predictability of different procedures in restorative dentistry, orthodontics, implant dentistry, periodontal, and oral maxillofacial surgery is improved.
The esthetic biological contour concept for implant restoration emergence profile design
Authors: Gomez‐Meda Ramon , Esquivel Jonathan , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveEmergence profile design is important for stable peri‐implant tissues and esthetically pleasing results with dental implant restorations, influenced by factors, such as, implant position and surrounding soft tissues. Different aspects of the emergence profile have been described, but detailed explanations of the different zones and corresponding designs are missing. This article describes the esthetic biological contour concept (EBC), differentiating important areas of the emergence profile and recommending particular designs for those zones.OverviewThe EBC concept considers specific parameters for proper design of the emergence profile of implant‐supported restorations. Understanding the different zones of the emergence profile and their relation to factors like implant position, implant design, and soft tissue thickness is key. The suggested guidelines are geared toward providing more stable and esthetic results when restoring dental implants in the esthetic zone.ConclusionsEach of the zones described in the EBC concept have a specific function in the design of the emergence profile. Understanding the importance and specific design features of the EBC zones facilitates esthetic and biologically sound treatment outcomes with interim and definitive implant restorations.Clinical significanceProper emergence profile design supports esthetic outcomes and provides favorable biological response to implant‐supported restorations.
Validation of Perceived Mental Fatigability Using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale
Authors: Renner Sharon W. , Bear Todd M. , Brown Patrick J. , Andersen Stacy L. , Cosentino Stephanie , Gmelin Theresa , Boudreau Robert M. , Cauley Jane A. , Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Glynn Nancy W. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesEstablish reliability, concurrent and convergent validity of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Mental subscale.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingOlder adults from two University of Pittsburgh registries, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and Long Life Family Study (LLFS).ParticipantsPFS Mental subscale validation was conducted using three cohorts: (1) Development Sample (N = 664, 59.1% women, age 74.8 ± 6.4 years, PFS Mental scores 10.3 ± 9.1), (2) Validation Sample I—BLSA (N = 430, 51.9% women, age 74.5 ± 8.2 years, PFS Mental scores 9.4 ± 7.9), and (3) Validation Sample II—LLFS (N = 1,917, 54.5% women, age 72.2 ± 9.3 years, PFS Mental scores 7.5 ± 8.2).MeasurementsDevelopment Sample, Validation Sample I—BLSA, and Validation Sample II—LLFS participants self‐administered the 10‐item Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. Validation Sample II—LLFS completed cognition measures (Trail Making Tests A and B), depressive symptomatology (Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale, CES‐D), and global fatigue from two CES‐D items.ResultsIn the Development Sample and Validation Sample I—BLSA, confirmatory factor analysis showed all 10 items loaded on two factors: social and physical activities (fit indices: SRMSR = 0.064, RMSEA = 0.095, CFI = 0.91). PFS Mental scores had strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85) and good test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.78). Validation Sample II—LLFS PFS Mental scores demonstrated moderate concurrent and construct validity using Pearson (r) or Spearman (ρ) correlations against measures of cognition (Trail Making Tests A (r = 0.14) and B (r = 0.17) time), depressive symptoms (r = 0.31), and global fatigue (ρ = 0.21). Additionally, the PFS Mental subscale had strong convergent validity, discriminating according to established clinical or cognitive testing cut points, with differences in PFS Mental scores ranging from 3.9 to 7.6 points (all P < .001). All analyses were adjusted for family relatedness, field center, age, sex, and education.ConclusionsThe validated PFS Mental subscale may be used in clinical and research settings as a sensitive, one‐page self‐administered tool of perceived mental fatigability in older adults.
Psychotherapeutic processes associated with couple therapy discontinuance: An observational analysis using the rapid marital interaction coding system
Authors: D’Aniello Carissa , Anderson Shayne R. , Tambling Rachel R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPremature discontinuation presents challenges to couple clients and therapists alike. Although couple therapy has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to couple therapy completion. This study presents the results of an observational inquiry into the psychotherapeutic processes associated with treatment discontinuance using clinical data. Using observational coding of the Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System (RMICS) researchers sought to examine differences in in‐session interactions between couple members in a matched sample of therapy continuers and discontinuers. Results indicate that specifically for female partners, the absence of positive interactions is linked to therapy discontinuation. Clinical implications of these findings are presented and discussed.
Experimental test of the geometric model of image formation in bright‐field microscopy
Authors: Clements RJ , Davidson M , Model MA 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the geometric optics approximation, an image formed by an objective lens replicates the distribution of intensity at the front focal plane of the objective. Although this fact represents a fundamental optical principle, its application to analysis of bright‐field microscopic images was developed only recently and has not been tested experimentally. In this paper, we applied simple ray tracing to compute an image of a glass cylinder at various positions of the objective and to compare it to the experiment. We obtained a close match between theory and observation, except for a slight underestimation of the intensity in the middle part of the cylinder. The likely reason for this minor difference was constructive interference due to lens‐like properties of a cylinder, which could not be accounted for by geometric approximation. We expect that such artefacts would be negligible in imaging of live cells, and the geometric approach would successfully complement the existing quantitative phase methods.
The emerging role of the advanced practice epilepsy nurse: A comparative study between two countries
Authors: Manzanares Isabel , Sevilla Guerra Sonia , Peña‐Ceballos Javier , Carreño Mar , Palanca María , Lombraña María , Conde‐Blanco Estefanía , Centeno María , Donaire Antonio , Gil‐Lopez Francisco , Khawaja Mariam , López Poyato Mireia , Zabalegui Adelaida 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to compare advanced practice in epilepsy nurses in Spain and United Kingdom, identifying differences in the domains of standard advanced practice.BackgroundEurope has recently faced the challenge of providing high‐quality care for patients with epilepsy, a disease that generates many health demands. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, advanced practice nursing is well established and could serve as a guide for implantation in countries where it is still in development, as is the case of Spain.DesignA multicentre cross‐sectional descriptive cohort study compared differences in the roles of advanced practice nurses in Spain and the United Kingdom.MethodsThe Advanced Practice Role Delineation Tool and its validated Spanish version were administered using an online questionnaire in a cohort of advanced practice epilepsy nurses in both countries. A convenience sample was recruited between January to December 2019. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.ResultsMost United Kingdom nurses in our sample came from community environments, in contrast to Spanish nurses who worked in hospital. All domains analysed in the survey had significantly higher scores in the United Kingdom than in the Spanish cohort, especially in the research and leadership domains.ConclusionsThe advanced practice role in Spain is underdeveloped compared with the United Kingdom. Differences in the settings of advanced roles in epilepsy nurses may be explained by greater community practice in the United Kingdom and differences in organisational and health systems.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study showed the need to implement specific policies to develop advance practice nurse roles in Spain to improve the quality of care of patients with epilepsy.
Translation and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Trait and State Post‐Event Processing Inventory
Authors: Maeda Shunta , Sato Tomoya , Kanai Yoshihiro , Blackie Rebecca A. , Kocovski Nancy L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we translated the Trait and State versions of the Post‐Event Processing Inventory (PEPI) into Japanese and examined their psychometric properties. One thousand participants, comprising three subsamples, completed the questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a bi‐factor model, comprising one general factor and three theoretically derived subfactors (“Frequency,” “Self‐judgment,” and “Intensity”), for the State and Trait versions of the scale. However, both versions were essentially unidimensional, and scoring based on subfactors lacked support. Additionally, we found preliminary evidence for the test–retest reliability; internal consistency; and concurrent, convergent, divergent, incremental, and predictive validity of both versions. Furthermore, participants with self‐reported diagnoses of social anxiety disorder exhibited higher scores on both the PEPI‐Trait and PEPI‐State than healthy controls. Our findings suggest that the Japanese versions of the PEPI‐Trait and PEPI‐State may become useful alternatives to existing measures of post‐event processing in Japan.
Characterization of the intestinal mucosal proteome in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary small cell lymphoma
Authors: Marsilio Sina , Dröes Floris C. , Dangott Lawrence , Chow Betty , Hill Steve , Ackermann Mark , Estep J. Scott , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent tests for diagnosis and differentiation of lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) and small cell lymphoma (SCL) in cats are expensive, invasive, and lack specificity. The identification of less invasive, more reliable biomarkers would facilitate diagnosis.ObjectivesTo characterize the mucosal proteome in endoscopically obtained, small intestinal tissue biopsy specimens. We hypothesized that differentially expressed proteins could be identified and serve as biomarker candidates for the differentiation of LPE and SCL in cats.AnimalsSix healthy control cats, 6 cats with LPE, and 8 cats with SCL.MethodsThe mucosal proteome was analyzed using 2‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and nanoflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. For 5 proteins, results were verified by Western blot analysis.ResultsA total of 2349 spots were identified, of which 9 were differentially expressed with a ≥2‐fold change between healthy cats and cats with LPE and SCL (.01 < P < .001). Eight of these 9 spots were also differentially expressed between cats with LPE and cats with SCL (P .001 < P < .04). However, Western blot analysis for malate dehydrogenase‐1, malate dehydrogenase‐2, apolipoprotein, annexin IV, and annexin V did not confirm significant differential protein expression for any of the 5 proteins assessed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTwo‐D DIGE did not identify potential biomarker candidates in the intestinal mucosa of cats with LPE and SCL. Future studies should focus on different techniques to identify biomarker candidates for cats with chronic enteropathies (CE).
Stratification regimes and thermodynamic modelling of a subtropical African reservoir
Authors: Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Mungenge Chipo , Mhlanga Lindah , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe stratification of a lentic water system is an important factor regulating its biotic activities and processes. The present study investigated changes in temperature and oxygen stratification regimes in Mazvikadei Reservoir 27 years after the first study was conducted during its filling phase. The FLake‐Global model was also tested as a predictive tool for the first time to analyse annual limnological trends in a subtropical reservoir. The lake‐modelling tool FLake‐Global enables an instantaneous estimation of the seasonal cycle of temperature and mixing conditions in shallow freshwater lakes around the world. The results of the present study illustrate that the reservoir was weakly stratified, with the overall thermal stratification patterns somewhat similar to those recorded during the filling phase (1992). The oxygen stratification patterns observed in the present study correspond well to those of thermal stratification. The depth‐integrated oxygen profiles for both the deep and shallow sampling sites exhibited the same pattern, with higher concentrations from July to September. The water column was well oxygenated, indicating the reservoir has matured since its filling phase in 1992, when there was significant hypolimnetic deoxygenation. The FLake‐Global model exhibited good results in predicting annual trends, with the results also indicating no differences in stratification levels in the reservoir for the current and Masundire (1992) filling phase studies. The model predicted lower surface and bottom temperatures, however, compared to those measured in the reservoir. There was lowering of the mixed layer depth from the hot‐wet (November–April) months through the cool‐dry (May–August) season. Latent heat fluxes agreed with the net longwave (LW) predictions for Mazvikadei Reservoir, which exhibited an overall net cooling effect. The stratification has not changed significantly since the previous study in 1988. The FLake‐Global model proved a useful predictive tool when tested in a subtropical system.
Esophageal pH increments associated with post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic waves show the occurrence and relevance of esophago‐salivary reflex in clinical setting
Authors: Frazzoni Marzio , Frazzoni Leonardo , Ribolsi Mentore , De Bortoli Nicola , Tolone Salvatore , Conigliaro Rita , Arsiè Elena , Penagini Roberto , Cicala Michele , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFollowing acid perfusion, esophageal pH is restored by swallowed bicarbonate‐containing saliva secreted in response to a vagal esophago‐salivary reflex. At impedance‐pH monitoring, the post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index puts into relationship timely post‐reflux swallows with the number of reflux events: Low values typify reflux‐related heartburn (RRH) and lack of on‐therapy improvement characterizes proton pump inhibitor (PPI) failure. Considerable esophageal pH increments associated with PSPWs could demonstrate the occurrence of esophago‐salivary reflex in clinical setting, while its relevance could be shown by lower esophageal pH increments in PPI‐refractory RRH.MethodsProspective multicenter study in patients with PPI‐refractory or PPI‐responsive RRH evaluated with off‐PPI impedance‐pH monitoring. Increments in pH associated with PSPWs were measured and the mean calculated to obtain the PSPW‐associated ∆pH.Key ResultsThe mean PSPW‐associated ∆pH in 294 RRH patients was 1.2 ± 0.7 and was lower in 137 PPI‐refractory (1.0 ± 0.6) than in 157 PPI‐responsive (1.5 ± 0.6) cases (p < 0.0001). Lower PSPW‐associated ∆pH was independently related to PPI failure at multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.09–0.26). At ROC analysis, comparing PPI‐refractory to PPI‐responsive cases the AUC for PSPW‐associated ∆pH was 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.82), the best cutoff value being 1.2.Conclusions and InferencesConsiderable PSPW‐associated pH increments demonstrate the occurrence of esophago‐salivary reflex in clinical setting. Lower increments in PPI‐refractory RRH cases show the clinical relevance of esophago‐salivary reflex, confirming that PSPW represents a defense mechanism against reflux. PSPW‐associated ∆pH can efficiently predict PPI response in patients undergoing off‐therapy impedance‐pH monitoring.
“Bai Lod” holistic health experienced by homebound older people in the southern Thai community
Authors: Detthippornpong Supussajee , Songwathana Praneed , Bourbonnais Anne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis qualitative descriptive study aims to explore the meanings of holistic health in the southern Thai culture experienced by homebound older people.BackgroundThe ageing society necessitates many services to meet the holistic needs of older people. Homebound older people are commonly an understudied population who may view their holistic health and well‐being differently from others. Due to geographical differences and local Thai cultural context, exploring the holistic health in the southern Thai culture would help promote a healthy lifestyle and improve their health outcomes.MethodsBased on purposeful sampling, 16 key informants who were homebound older people (ages ≥ 60 years old) living at home in a rural southern Thai community were participated in semi‐structured interviews. Informants consisted of six males and ten females who were Buddhist and married. Their ages ranged from 79 to 99, including nine homebound older people who lived in a couple, and seven widows and widowers. Eight had completed the primary school, and others were uneducated. The data were analysed with a content analysis.ResultsMost of the informants had chronic diseases. In a broad main theme, the informants described the holistic health in local context as ‘Bai Lod; which means being alive with positive, active and independent functioning. This theme included three sub‐themes: self‐supporting or taking care of themselves, having the ability to control their health conditions and being proud as a healthy older adult. The older people described self‐supporting as the ability to perform their activities of daily living, take care of their own health and work independently (active living). Having the ability to control their health conditions meant functioning well physically, although being frail, by maintaining their health through self‐management, and having a good mental health during such a life‐changing situation. Older people valued the ability to live by themselves without being a burden to their family. They felt happy with their life.ConclusionHolistic health was described as being positive and active at home, and influenced by beliefs and values related to good physical function, mental health and spiritual activities. These findings could help healthcare professionals better understand older people’ health, well‐being and cultural care in order to develop alternative strategies to maintain, enhance and support an active life for homebound older people.
The role of innate immunity and inflammation in Parkinson´s disease
Authors: Öberg Maria , Fabrik Ivo , Fabrikova Daniela , Zehetner Nina , Härtlova Anetta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor many years, it was postulated that the brain is the organ behind the barrier with an autonomous need for its maintenance. This view has been changed by the concept that the central nervous system is sensitive to the immune processes occurring in the periphery as well as to the infiltration of peripheral immune cells. However, how the immune system might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains unclear. PD is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor and cognitive functions. Although the precise cause of PD is unknown, studies in both mice and human suggest that alterations in the innate immunity may play a critical role in modulating PD progression. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of inflammation and the innate immune mechanisms in PD pathology.