bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Framework for Sustainable Urban Resilience During Disasters
Authors: Kamble Aakash , Desai Supriya , Lele Vishwanath 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fast-growing population in developing countries coupled with the migration of the huge mass of village inhabitants to the large cities to seek better opportunities and safety conditions have been substantially increased the pressure on the existing urban infrastructure. This, coupled with the increased frequency of the natural as well as man-made disasters, presses the need for modern societies in large cities to search for pathways towards prevention, preparedness and recovery of this infrastructure in an event of a disaster. Owing to this, urban resilience has gained importance in the scientific context so as to explore the capabilities of cities to face and withstand extreme disaster events. Cities are complex adaptive and reconciling systems with a prospect to cope with resilience towards sustainability by effective use of transformational processes. Our study analyses urban resilience in the context of natural and man-made disasters across developing countries. In particular, this research first identifies the key elements of resilience and further studies them with a focus on different cities in developing economies as well as various types of disasters. Moreover, we investigate the urban resilience from the perspective of a case on dust storms in New Delhi, India. The outcome of the research enabled in developing an urban resilience framework with respect to urban infrastructure in the case of disasters. In particular, this framework aims to ensure an adequate level of sustainability, centred on humans and society.
Misdiagnosis of Dengue Fever and Co-infection With Malaria and Typhoid Fevers in Rural Areas in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okoror Lawrence Ehis , Bankefa Emmanuel Olufemi , Ukhureigbe Oluchi Mariam , Ajayi Evelyn Olubunmi , Ojo Stephen Kayode , Ogeneh Bryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDengue and malaria have similar symptoms and arthropod vector and their mode of transmission coupled with differential diagnosis. Though typhoid fever differs from dengue and malaria by not having arthropod vector and different mode of transmission, it shares differential diagnosis with Dengue and Malaria which make misdiagnosis possible. This misdiagnosis of these three diseases has since been a major concern towards therapeutic administration because of their co-occurrence in many cases. MethodsThis study focused on the misdiagnosis of dengue fever for malaria or typhoid fever since the three have differential diagnosis and could co-occur. 741 samples were collected from malaria patient and 333 samples for typhoid fever outpatient at the health department facilities in rural communities of South West Nigeria. The samples were tested for dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein, anti DV IgM, anti DV IgG and RT-qPCR. ResultOf all the samples tested 315 (29.4%) were positive to DV NS1 while 50 (6.7%) and 13 (3.9%) of 714 malaria samples and 333 typhoid samples respectively had Dengue fever co-infection. Co-infection of the three types of fever occurred in 5 (0.5%). A total of 54 (5%) DV cases were wrongly diagnosed for malaria while 14 (1.3%) DV cases was wrongly diagnosed as typhoid. ConclusionConclusively, there was significant number of misdiagnosed cases of DV for either malaria or typhoid, hence it is recommended to include DV screening into routine hospital test especially in cases of malaria and typhoid negative by rapid diagnostic testing.
Initial Study on TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met Genetic Variant in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wulandari Laksmi , Hamidah Berliana , Pakpahan Cennikon , Damayanti Nevy Shinta , Kurniati Neneng Dewi , Adiatmaja Christophorus Oetama , Wigianita Monica Rizky , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Husada Dominicus , Tinduh Damayanti , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Endaryanto Anang , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Lusida Maria Inge , Shimizu Kazufumi , Oceandy Delvac 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem that causes millions of deaths worldwide. The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 widely varies from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia and systemic inflammatory disease. It is thought that host genetic variability may affect the host's response to the virus infection and thus cause severity of the disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus requires interaction with its receptor complex in the host cells before infection. The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) has been identified as one of the key molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor binding and cell invasion. Therefore, in this study we investigated the correlation between a genetic variant within the human TMPRSS2 gene and COVID-19 severity and viral load.ResultsWe genotyped 95 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Dr Soetomo General Hospital and Indrapura Field Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia) for the TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met polymorphism. Polymorphism was detected using a TaqMan assay. We then analysed the association between the presence of the genetic variant and disease severity and viral load. We did not observe any correlation between the presence of TMPRSS2 genetic variant with the severity of the disease. However, we identified significant association between the p.Val160Met polymorphism and the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, as estimated by the Ct value of the diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test. Furthermore, we observed a trend of association between the presence of the C allele and the mortality rate in patients with severe COVID-19. ConclusionOur data indicate a possible association between TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met polymorphism and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and the outcome of Covid-19.
Supplier Selection in Sustainable Supply Chains: A Risk-Based Integrated Group Decision-Making Model
Authors: Wu Chong , Zou Haohui , Barnes David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the recent emphasis on supply risk management in sustainable supply chains (SSCs), the evaluation and selection of appropriate suppliers are more important than ever. However, most existing research does not take all three sustainability perspectives of supply risk into account simultaneously and they rarely consider the correlation among supply risk factors in risk assessment. Therefore, considering the uncertain information decision-making environment, this research paper proposes a risk-based integrated group decision-making model for sustainable supplier selection (SSS). First, the weights of decision-makers (DMs) are taken as linguistic terms denoted by intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs). Second, after obtaining the aggregated intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making matrix considering the expert weights, this study uses the entropy weight method to calculate the criteria weights objectively. Then, the improved failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is adopted for the risk assessment to exclude high-risk suppliers. Finally, the extended alternative queuing method (AQM) is applied to rank the qualified suppliers in SSCs. This model can not only enable enterprises to reduce supply risk in SSS practices and identify and prevent the failure modes that lead to supply risk, but also reduce the uncertainty of decision-making, in order to make supplier selection more accurate. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are illustrated through application in a leading Chinese electrical appliance manufacturing company.
Prevention and Contrast of Child Abuse and Neglect in the Practice of European Paediatricians: a Multi-national Pilot Study
Authors: Pettoello-Mantovani Massimo , Paola Nigri , Giovanni Corsello , Luigi Nigri , Donjeta Bali , Giorgina Kuli-Lito , Plesca Doina , Lucian Pop Tudor , Angel Carrasco-Sanz , Leyla Namazova-Baranova , Julije Mestrovic , Mehmet Vural , Ida Giardino , Laszlo Losonczi , Eli Somekh , Teresa Balducci Maria , Pietro Ferrara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Child abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children’s health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice.Methods: The study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey, made available online to European paediatricians members of 50 national paediatric, who belonged to four different medical settings: hospital, family care, university centres and private practice. The questionnaire, designed as a multiple choice questions survey, with a single answer option consisted of 22 questions/statements. Frequency analyses were applied. Most of the data were described using univariate analysis and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the respondents and answers and a significance level of p ≤ 0.05 applied.Results: Findings show that European paediatricians consider the training on child maltreatment currently provided by medical school curricula and paediatric residency courses to be largely insufficient and continuing education courses were considered of great importance to cover educational gaps. Physical violence was recognized by paediatricians mostly during occasional visits with a significant correlation between detecting abuse during an occasional visit and being a primary care paediatrician. Results also showed a reluctance by paediatricians to report cases of maltreatment to the competent judicial authorities.Conclusions: Data of this study may provide useful contribution to the current limited knowledge about the familiarity of European paediatricians with child maltreatment and their skills to recognize, manage and contrast abusive childhood experiences in their practice. Finally, they could provide local legislators and health authorities with information useful to further improve public health approaches and rules able to effectively address shared risk and protective factors, which could prevent child abuse and neglect from ever occurring.
Prosocial Modeling Matters: The Association Between Parent and Faculty Involvement in Fighting COVID-19&nbsp;With Medical Students’ Career Commitment
Authors: Wang Dan , Ye Xiaoyang , Wu Hongbin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Role models play an important role in enhancing students’ intention to pursue medical careers. While, as the two most influential role models for medical students, there is limited research to explore the different impacts between faculty and parents. This study investigated the association of different role model’s prosocial behavior of joining the fight against novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical students’ career commitment. We examined whether there are different effects and how these effects differ among different medical students.Method: A national-scale survey was conducted with 118,030 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine in mainland China. Questions were asked to collect information of participants in the battle of COVID-19, medical students’ determination of practicing medicine after graduation, as well as students’ socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the effects of parent and faculty involvement on students’ career commitment.Results: The results showed that prosocial modeling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China is associated with students’ intention to pursue medical careers. The effect of faculty was greater than that of parents on medical students. Gender was related to the effects. And those who already determined to be the doctor before the pandemic were much more likely to persist in the medical profession.Conclusions: Our study provides more definitive answers to the issue of who has a greater effect on medical students’ career commitment between parents and faculty. Encouraging faculty to act as positive role models could help medical students increase the intention to become doctors.
Impact of Early Corticosteroids on 60-day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study of the OUTCOMEREA Network
Authors: Dupuis Claire , Montmollin Etienne de , Buetti Niccolò , Goldgran-Toledano Dany , Reignier Jean , Schwebel Carole , Domitile Julien , Neuville Mathilde , Ursino Moreno , Siami Shidasp , Ruckly Stéphane , Alberti Corinne , Mourvillier Bruno , Bailly Sebastien , Laurent Virginie , Gainnier Marc , Souweine Bertrand , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesIn severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the appropriate timing and dosing of corticosteroids(CS) is not known. Patient subgroups for which CS could be more beneficial also need appraisal. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of early CS in COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU on the occurrence of 60-day mortality, ICU-acquired-bloodstream infections(ICU-BSI), and hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia(HAP-VAP).MethodsWe included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to 11 ICUs belonging to the French OutcomeReaTM network from January to May 2020. We used survival models with ponderation with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Inflammation was defined as Ferritin >1000 µg/l or D-Dimers >1000 µg/l or C-Reactive Protein >100 mg/dL.ResultsThe study population comprised 302 patients having a median age of 61.6(53-70) years of whom 78.8% were male and 58.6% had at least one comorbidity. The median SAPS II was 33(25-44). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 34.8% of the patients. Sixty-six (21.8%) patients were in the Early-CS-subgroup. Most of them (n=55, 83.3%) received high doses of steroids. Overall, 60-day mortality was 29.4%. The risks of 60-day mortality (IPTWHR =0.88;95% CI 0.55 to 1.39, p=0.58), ICU-BSI and HAP-VAP were similar in the two groups. Importantly, early CS treatment was associated with a lower mortality rate in patients aged 60 years or more (IPTWHR, 0.51;95% CI, 0.29 – 0.91; p=0.02). But, CS was associated with an increased risk of death for the patients younger than 60 years without inflammation on admission (IPTWHR =8.17;95% CI, 1.76, 37.85; p=0.01).ConclusionFor patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, early CS treatment was not associated with patient survival. Interestingly, inflammation and age can significantly influence the effect of CS.
WITHDRAWN: Understanding the Low Take-Up of Home-Based Dialysis Through Shared Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dallimore David , Roberts Gareth W. , McLaughlin Leah , Renal Gail Williams Wales , Chess James , Noyes Jane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Despite home dialysis having many advantages, take-up by people with established renal failure is low in many countries. Previous studies highlight complex social, psychological, economic and health-system obstacles to patients choosing home dialysis. The study explored how people who are pre-dialysis, caregivers and health professionals together navigate common shared decision-making processes, and assesses how this impacts on choice of dialysis, conservative treatment or transplant. Methods This qualitative study took place in Wales, a country within the United Kingdom with a publicly-funded healthcare system. From 5 renal centres, education literature used in patient education was collected and content analysis applied. The theoretical framework was the MAGIC shared decision-model. From February 2019 until data saturation was reached in January 2020, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 51 patients, 41 caregivers and 49 renal professionals were undertaken. Interview data were analysed using framework analysis. Patient and public representatives were involved throughout. Results Thematic findings are presented as: Prior knowledge, choice talk, options talk, decision talk. Gaps were found in both knowledge and understanding at every stage of the decision-making process and amongst all involved. Patients and caregivers came with varying levels of prior knowledge and understanding, which can result in misinformation and biases that contaminate the shared decision-making process. This is not always recognised by renal professionals. Presentation of treatment options through education programmes was often found to be inadequate, biased or poorly understood. Such deficiencies create partialities towards some treatments and, in particular, mitigate against the take-up of home therapies, even when they may be the most appropriate. A logic model and a road map to further evolving clinical practice was developed. Conclusions There are critical points in the process at where change could benefit patients. Patients need to be better prepared and their preconceived ideas and misconceptions gently challenged. Healthcare professionals need to update their knowledge in order to provide the best advice and guidance. Shared decision-making processes need to be individually-tailored so that there is more attention paid to the benefits of home based options, and on people who could chose a home therapy but select a different option.
Association Between Stress and Bilateral Symmetrical Alopecia in Free-Ranging Formosan Macaques (Macaca Cyclopis) in A High-Population-Density Area
Authors: Chen Chen-Chih , Chang Ai-Mei , Tsai Ming-Shan , Huang Yen-Hua , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Li Yi-Chia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since 2013, a high incidence of bilateral symmetrical alopecia has been observed in free-ranging Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) in Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. We hypothesized that stress induces alopecia in this population. To verify our hypothesis, we evaluated the histopathological characteristics of skin biopsy and used a validated enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) analysis, which act as an indicator of stress experienced by the individual. Follicular densities were lower (2.1–3.0 mm2) in individuals with symmetrical alopecia than in those with normal hair conditions (4.7 mm2). Furthermore, anagen to catagen/telogen ratios were lower in individuals with alopecia (0–1.4) than in those with normal hair (4.0). The histopathological characteristics of alopecia were similar to those of telogen effluvium, which indicates that stress is one of the possible etiologies. On the basis of the analytical and biological validation of EIAs for FGM analysis, 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone was considered suitable for monitoring adrenocortical activity in both sexes of Formosan macaques. The mean concentrations (standard error; sample size) of 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone were 2.02 (0.17; n = 10) and 1.41 (0.10; n = 31) μg/g for individuals with and without alopecia, respectively. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression analysis show that 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone (p = 0.012) concentration was positively associated with alopecia. Thus, stress was the most likely to trigger symmetrical alopecia in Formosan macaques in Mt. Longevity. Although stress can decrease the fitness of an individual, it should not impact the total population of Formosan macaque in Taiwan. Nonetheless, stress-induced immunosuppression might increase zoonosis risk due to frequent human–macaque contact in Mt. Longevity.
Arthroscopy-assisted First Rib Resection and Brachial Plexus Neurolysis for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Satake Hiroshi , Honma Ryusuke , Nito Toshiya , Naganuma Yasushi , Shibuya Junichiro , Maruyama Masahiro , Uno Tomohiro , Kazama Tomoyuki , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study included 27 consecutive patients (30 limbs) undergoing arthroscopy-assisted transaxillary first rib resection and brachial plexus neurolysis for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). To improve visualization, we changed the intraoperative limb position in three stages. We assessed the intraoperative parameters, including the scalene interval width between the anterior and middle interscalene muscles (interscalene base), blood loss, operation time, preoperative and postoperative QuickDASH, patient satisfaction, and complications. The mean intraoperatively measured interscalene base width was 6.2 mm. Appropriate visualization could be obtained at zero-position in the late phase. Intraoperative blood loss and operation time were significantly less in the late phase (p < 0.001). The QuickDASH score was significantly improved (42 before surgery vs. 9 at final follow-up, p < 0.001), especially in athletes relative to non-athletes (0.2 vs 14, p < 0.001). The outcome was excellent in 43.3% of cases, good in 43.3%, fair in 13.3%, and poor in none. The present approach achieved complete relief in 43% of cases overall (91% in athletes and 16% in non-athletes). Pneumothorax was present at the early phase in 3.3%. There were no other complications and no recurrences. Arthroscopic surgery is useful for TOS, especially in athletes.
Ang-(1-7) Protects Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Mice
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Song Jiao , Jiang Yangyang , Yang Xue , Cao Li , Xiao Chun , Li Suli , Dong Birong , Li Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) axis has been shown to perform a protective task in the decline of the function of skeletal muscle correlated with the process of aging. In the present investigation, the protective effects of ACE2 in mitigating the age-associated decline of skeletal function and identified the potential underlying molecular mechanism mediating the process have been extensively evaluated.Methods: We measured the expression levels of Ang-(1-7) in C57BL/6J mice of different ages and correlated these levels with measures of skeletal muscle function. Also, we determine the expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) were detected in ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO) and correlated with muscle function. We then treated ACE2KO aged mice for 4 weeks with Ang-(1-7) and characterized the levels of MEF2A and skeletal muscle function before and after treatment. We assessed the impact of Ang-(1-7) on the growth and differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro and assessed changes in the glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) expression.Results: Aged mice showed reduced skeletal muscle function and levels of Ang-(1-7) expression in comparison to young and middle-aged mice. In ACE2KO mice, skeletal muscle function and MEF2A protein expression were significantly lower than in age-matched WT mice. After 1 month of the treatment of Ang-(1-7), the function of skeletal muscle related to the aged ACE2KO mice improved, however, the expression of MEF2A protein was similar to that in the untreated group. In C2C12 cells, Ang-(1-7) was shown to increased cell growth and differentiation characteristics along with the upregulated expression of Glut4.Conclusions: The axis of ACE2/ Ang-(1-7) has a protective task in skeletal muscle and the administration of exogenous Ang-(1-7) can delay the age-related decline in the functions of skeletal muscle.