bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of 6‐n‐Propylthiouracil (PROP) Taste Sensitivity to Alcohol and Caffeine Intakes among Ethnically Diverse College Students
Authors: Choi Sung Eun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt has been suggested that greater taste sensitivity to 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) influences the oral sensation of alcohol and caffeine and serves as a deterrent to alcohol and caffeine consumption.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to examine the relationship of PROP taste sensitivity to alcohol and caffeine intakes among ethnically diverse college students.MethodsThe sample included 360 college students (164 males; 72 African Americans, 80 Caucasians, 73 Hispanics, 135 Asians; Age: Mean±SE=23.4±0.3yr) living in the New York City area. Subjects were classified as PROP non‐tasters and tasters using the PROP filter paper method and the general Labeled Magnitude scale. Their daily alcohol and caffeine intakes were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire.ResultsThe proportion of PROP non‐tasters in this study was 29%. PROP non‐tasters had significantly higher daily alcohol intake (Mean±SE, 3.8±0.6 vs. 2.2±0.2 [g]; P=0.007) and caffeine intake(116.5±9.9 vs. 83.1±5.4 [mg];P=0.002) than did PROP non‐tasters. Male subjects had significantly higher alcohol (P=0.05) and caffeine intakes (P=0.03) compared with female subjects. Finally, Caucasian subjects had significantly higher alcohol (P<0.001) and caffeine intakes (P=0.002) than did any other ethnic groups. The multiple regression results showed that ethnicity, PROP status, and caffeine intake significantly predicted alcohol intake.ConclusionThis study suggests that PROP status is significantly associated with alcohol and caffeine intakes. Future studies should examine how cultural norms interact with PROP status. FundingThis study was supported by PSC‐CUNY grant (#65362‐00‐43) from the Research Foundation of the City University of New York.
A Study of Feeding Problems in Infancy and Early Childhood in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Folake , Ugochukwu Chimuanya , Odukale Zainab 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of feeding problems among children 6 to 24 months of age in Ibadan, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy five mother‐child pairs were recruited from four selected Primary Health Centres in Ibadan North Local Government Area. A semi‐structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socioeconomic characteristics, feeding patterns and feeding behaviour of children as well as maternal perception and coping with children's feeding behaviour.Mean age of the children was14.1 ±5.6 months with 55.3% of these being females. On average, mothers were approximately 28 years of age (28.0±5.2 years), married (89.1%), with secondary school education (53.1%). The most common feeding problems observed among the participants were picky eating, food neophobia and intake of limited variety of food. Overall, 52% of the children had one or more feeding problems. Maternal coping strategies with their child's feeding behaviour were majorly use of rewards and force feeding.There exists a spectrum of feeding problems in infancy and childhood in this study population. There is need to provide infant and young child feeding support to mothers to prevent negative impacts of feeding problems on the nutrition and development of their children.
Total Energy Expenditure of Infants with Congenital Heart Disease Post‐surgical Intervention
Authors: Trabulsi Jillian , Irving Sharon , Papas Mia , Hollowell Chelsea , Ravishankar Chitra , Stallings Virginia , Medoff‐Cooper Barbara 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGrowth failure is common in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), however it is unclear if it is due to increased total energy expenditure (TEE).ObjectivesTo determine if TEE of infants with CHD post‐surgical intervention differs from healthy infants, and evaluate the accuracy of equations used to calculate TEE.DesignInfants with CHD and surgical intervention within 30 days of life, and healthy 3‐ and 12‐month old infants, were enrolled. TEE was measured via doubly labeled water at 3‐months (n=15 CHD, 12 healthy) and 12‐months (n=11 CHD, 12 healthy). Multiple linear regression models were fit to examine the association between health status (CHD vs. healthy) and TEE. Regression/summary statistics were used to assess accuracy of equations for calculating TEE.Results3‐month TEE did not differ significantly between CHD vs. healthy infants; TEE was 36.4 kcal/day higher for CHD vs. healthy (95% CI: ‐46.3, 119.2 kcal/day; p=0.37). 12‐month TEE was also not significantly different, with CHD 31.7 kcal/day higher than healthy (95%CI: ‐71.5, 134.8; p=0.53). The 2002 DRI equation had the smallest difference between calculated and measured TEE (mean difference 79 kcal/d); the 1989 RDA had closest agreement (R2=0.62, p<0.001) to measured TEE.ConclusionsTEE in infants with CHD post‐surgical intervention was not greater than healthy infants at 3 and 12 months. When calculating TEE of CHD infants 蠄12 months post‐surgery, the 2002 DRI/1989 RDA equations are most accurate.Support: NIH R01‐NR002093, MO1‐RR00240, UL1‐RR024134.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Protective for Growth Trajectory to 5 Years in a WIC Cohort
Authors: Arevalos Lindsey , Nicholson Lisa , Papathakis Peggy 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEThe impact of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) on child body mass index (BMI) from birth through 60 months of age was investigated.METHODS60,190 mothers and children attending Women, Infant and Children (WIC) clinics in the central coast counties of California provided data on breastfeeding duration, maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, and child weight‐for‐length (WL) were measured at 3 month intervals until 5 years of age. Missing time points were interpolated in determining child BMI/WL z‐score trajectories plotted on the Center of Disease Control infant and child growth curves. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to contrast the impact of not EBF, EBF from 0‐3 months, and EBF from 0‐6 months in Hispanic (n=43,360) versus Other (n=16,830) children, controlling for maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI.RESULTSDuration of EBF from 0‐3 and 0‐6 months of age was protective against child BMI z‐scores being above the average growth trajectory (P=0.0001). A significant inverse association between EBF and overall BMI/WL z‐scores for both males and females (P<0.0001) was found. Impact of EBF on child growth trajectory began to weaken at 15 months for females and 18 months for males. Children who were not EBF had higher mean BMI/WL z‐scores at every time point than those who were EBF. Those who were EBF for 0‐3 months had a lower BMI; those who were EBF for 0‐6 months had even lower BMI z‐scores by 5 years of age. Hispanic children had a higher BMI growth curve than non‐Hispanic children even after adjusting for EBF and pre‐pregnancy BMI. Mothers with a higher pre‐pregnancy BMI tended to have children with higher BMI/WL z‐scores (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONThe study supports public health efforts to encourage EBF for at least 3 months and optimally for 6 months.
Greater Home Fruit and Vegetable Availability among Underserved Families after Participating in a Nutrition Program: The Athletes for Life Study
Authors: Chavez Adrian , Crespo Noe , Ghan Emily , Hartmann Leopoldo , Bruening Meg , Vega‐López Sonia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo compare home fruit and vegetable (FV) availability between previous Athletes for Life (AFL) participants and a comparison group (CG).MethodsThe AFL group completed AFL 3 months prior to data collection. AFL was a twice weekly‐10 week health promotion intervention delivered in a community center to underserved families with a 6‐11 year old child. Parent sessions included a 45‐min nutrition lesson that utilized education, hands‐on activities, and behavior change strategies to promote improvements in dietary habits and the home food environment. Child sessions included a 10‐min interactive nutrition lesson. CG were families with a 6‐11 year old child who received no intervention prior to data collection. Trained research assistants assessed home FV availability at participants' homes via a modified Home Food Inventory that included 26 fruits and 20 vegetables. Analyses were a cross‐sectional comparison between AFL and CG. An independent samples t‐test examined differences in FV availability between groups.ResultsAFL parents (n=14) were 36.5±5.6 years, 100% Latino immigrants, 93% living with partner, 71% BMI > 25, with 2.9±1.6 children. CG (n=20) parents were 38.3±8.1 years, 90% Latino, 80% immigrants, 90% living with partner, 94% BMI > 25, with 2.6±1.1 children. The AFL group had significantly higher vegetable (9.1±3.3 vs. 7.3±2.0; p<0.05) but not fruit (7.6±3.6 vs. 5.9±2.0; p>0.05) availability than the CG. Combined FV availability was significantly higher in the AFL group (p<0.05).ConclusionThe AFL program shows promise for improving availability of vegetables in the home, which may influence family dietary patterns.
Visitation and Physical Activity Intensity at Rural and Urban Parks
Authors: Roemmich James , Johnson LuAnn 
Published: June 2021

Less physical activity among rural residents may contribute to health disparities. This study compared park visitation and activity intensity at 15 urban and 15 rural parks matched for acreage and amenities.Parks were observed in the morning, afternoon, and evening on 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day to determine the number of child, teen and adult visitors, their activity intensity (sitting, standing, moderate, or vigorous), and amenity use.A total of 5486 visitors were observed with no differences in the percentages of males (55.5% vs 53.9%) and females (44.5% vs 46.1%) observed in rural and urban parks. Neither the percentages of weekday (82.4% vs 81.9%) nor weekend (17.6% vs 18.1%) visitors differed (p>0.96) between rural and urban parks. The probability of visitors being observed sitting was greater (p<0.02) and the probability to be observed in moderate intensity activity was lower (p<0.003) at rural parks than at urban parks. The probability of children (0‐5 yr) being observed was lower (p<0.001) at a rural park. A greater (p<0.001) proportion of children (25.0% vs 14.5%) in rural parks, but of teens in urban parks (8.0% vs 69.6%) were observed on sport fields. A greater (p<0.001) proportion of adults in urban areas (12.5% vs 46.0%) were observed spectating sports. Greater (p<0.001) proportions of rural children (10.9% vs 3.5%), teens (34.1% vs 12.4%), and adults (38.9% vs 10.1%) were observed using shelters. There were no differences in the proportions of rural and urban visitors observed using courts.With similar numbers and types of amenities available, rural and urban parks are used differently likely due to differences in park programming (e.g., sports). Results from studies of urban parks cannot be wholly applied to the needs of parks in rural communities.
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Acculturation on Physical Activity and BMI within Country Rural‐to‐Urban Migrants
Authors: Hilmers Angela , Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio , Gilman Robert , McDermott Ann , Smeeth Liam , Miranda Jaime 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTo investigate whether socioeconomic status (SES) and acculturation predict overweight/obesity risk as well as the mediating effect of physical activity (PA) in the context of internal migration. Methods: Cross‐sectional study of 587 rural ‐ to ‐ urban migrants participating in the PERU MIGRANT Study. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression and structural equation modeling. All models were controlled for age, gender, education, SES and acculturation.Results: Only SES was a significant predictor of overweight/obesity risk. Lower SES decreased the odds of being overweight or obese by 51.4 percent. This association did not vary by gender nor was it explained by PA.Discussion: Mechanisms underlying the relationship between SES and overweight/obesity may differ depending on the geographic location and sociocultural context of the population studied. Research on internal migration and health would benefit from the development of tailored acculturation measures and the evaluation of an exploratory model that includes diet.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Reported Infections among Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: Akoh Christine , Pressman Eva , Cooper Elizabeth , Queenan Ruth Anne , O'Brien Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

Health disparities exist for sexually‐transmitted infections (STIs) as African‐Americans are at elevated risk. Teens and young adults (ages 15‐24 y) constitute a large percentage of new STIs (20%‐70%). Although the US has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates among developed nations, little is known about risk factors for infection in the pregnant teen population. This retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with maternal infections in a group of 158 teens (ages 13‐18 y) followed longitudinally across pregnancy (wk 12‐42 of gestation). Of those studied 63.3% were African‐American, 35.4% were Caucasian, and 24.7% were Hispanic. In this group, at least one clinically‐documented infection was evident for each of the following infections: 19% upper respiratory, 26% urinary tract, 58% sexually‐transmitted, and 64% of teens studied had a vaginal infection. African‐American teens were 4 times more likely to have bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR=4.0, P=0.003) compared to Caucasian teens. Additionally, the prevalence of BV was significantly higher among the overweight and obese teens (81.6%, N=38, P=0.01). Younger age at conception was associated with an increased odds of having gonorrhea (OR=2.9, P=0.02) and trichomoniasis (OR=1.9, P=0.04). Together, these data provide new insight on risk factors associated with infection prevalence among pregnant teens.Grant Funding Source: USDA AFRI 2012‐67017
Fast Food Environment among Low‐Income Communities in the Pacific Region: Findings from the Children's Healthy Living Program
Authors: Dela Cruz‐Talbert Elise , Li Fenfang , Fialkowski Marie , Wilkens Lynne , Leon‐Guerrero Rachael , Kim Jang , Bersamin Andrea , Novotny Rachel 
Published: June 2021

Understanding community fast food environments is important to address obesity, particularly in low‐income populations. This study examines menus of fast food restaurants (FFR) across 4 US Affiliated Pacific Regions in the Children's Healthy Living Program. A total of 91 FFR were surveyed using a modified Fast Food Observation Form from the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project, including 40 in Alaska, 9 in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 5 in Guam, and 37 in Hawaii. Burger and Fries, Sandwich/Sub Shop, Plate Lunch/Lunch Truck, and Chinese/Pan‐Asian were the top 4 FFR types. Food and beverages offered on the menu were assessed in 80 FFR. The most common foods were salad (48%), sandwich (44%), fries (44%), and cheeseburger (36%). The most common beverages were fountain drink (73%), bottled water (71%), can/bottled soda (56%), and 100% juice (48%). Among 87 FFR assessed for fruit and vegetable (FV) dishes on the menu, 75% had at least one. Among 16 FFR with a dollar menu, 56% had FV, salad, or yogurt (FVSY) items. Among 34 restaurants with a children's menu, 76% had FVSY items and 76% had skim/1% milk, 100% juice, or bottled water. Significant regional differences were found on the availability of FV as sides (p<0.01, with Alaska highest, CNMI lowest) or of FVSY items on a children's menu (p=0.04, with Hawaii highest, CNMI lowest). Intervention messages aimed at changing eating behaviors among families in low‐income communities can focus on availability and identification of healthy food and beverage options among FFR.
Comparative Performance of NEMS‐S Surveys in Latino Corner Stores in the Greater Boston Area
Authors: Caplan Emily , Kanter Rebecca , Bearup Richelle , Solomons Noel , Bermudez Odilia 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn diverse areas, culturally‐sensitive tools may better assess the food environment associated with diet.ObjectiveTo determine the availability of healthy foods in Latino corner stores (bodegas) to elucidate its relationship with culture.Methods: Three bodegas were selected from low‐income urban areas in Somerville, MA by field enumeration. The reference Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Stores (NEMS‐S) and a Guatemala NEMS‐S version were used to assess healthy food vs. regular food availability in bodegas. Both surveys were conducted in each bodega. Frequency and proportion of items were determined. Chi‐square tests assessed differences in availability by survey method across stores.Results: Bodegas have limited healthy foods as measured by the reference NEMS‐S. A greater availability of healthy foods in bodegas is indicated by the Guatemala NEMS‐S. All stores had 100% of the time, regular: milk, baked goods, soda, juice, chips, bread; diet soda; and 100% juice. Often, stores had skim milk, low‐sugar cereal, and wheat bread; but rarely, frozen dinners and low fat baked goods. Of the three vegetables added to the Guatemala NEMS‐S, at least one was available in two of the three stores; and of the six fruits added at least two were available in each store. No significant differences in availability by store were found.ConclusionsThe Guatemala NEMS‐S indicates a greater availability of healthy foods in bodegas than the reference NEMS‐S. Therefore, culture may impact food availability, as stores may cater towards specific ethnic populations. The existence of culturally‐specific stores needs consideration when creating healthy food policies.Funding: Tufts Undergraduate Research Fund
Analysis of the Dietary Intakes of Canadian Adults
Authors: Ahmed Mavra , Arcand JoAnne , Schermel Alyssa , L'Abbe Mary 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to assess intakes of energy, macronutrients and vitamin and minerals in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults in comparison with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The DRI cut‐point method and the probability approach (specifically for iron in women) were used to determine the adequacy of dietary intakes. Responses were obtained from 1,833 individuals (aged 18 and older) who completed a web‐based Canadian Diet History Questionnaire in the spring of 2012, a validated food frequency questionnaire estimating dietary intakes over the past month. The average energy intake was 1644 + 3126Kcal/day, with 49% of total energy from carbohydrates, 33% from total fat and 16% from protein. Energy intakes were lower in females (1386kcal/day) compared to males (1879kcal/day) (p<0.05). Compared to the DRIs, a large proportion of respondents had inadequate intakes of folate (62%), magnesium (58%), potassium (91%), calcium (78%) and dietary fibre (89%). In contrast, most had adequate intakes of phosphorus, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Males generally had adequate intakes of thiamin (72%), vitamin B6 (65%) and niacin (93%). In comparison, the proportion of females with adequate intake of these nutrients was lower. As well, females aged 50 years and younger had a lower intake of iron compared with those aged older than 50 years (87% vs. 34%). Although, Canadians in general have intakes within acceptable ranges based on DRI recommendations, strategies are required to optimize the adequacy of Canadian's dietary intakes and to communicate information on a balanced diet.Funding Sources: UofT McHenry Chair research fund (ML); Dairy Farmers of Canada (ML); CIHR Public Health Policy Fellowship (MA).
Using an expert panel to test a new nutrient profiling system for pre‐packed food
Authors: Zhang Geng , Ma Ning , Wang Chunling 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the consistency between food nutrition scores given by a new nutrient profiling system, namely COFCO Nutrition Score (CNS), for pre‐packed foods and empirical ranking given by nutrition experts.MethodsTwo hundreds pre‐packed foods selected from USDA nutrient database were scored using CNS, based on food group‐specific weighted sums of percent Nutrient Reference Values for nutrients to encourage and for nutrients to limit. Individual food scores were calculated based on 100 kcal. Twenty seven nutrition professionals were asked to categorize the 200 foods into one of ten positions on the basis of their empirical views. The correlation between the two ranking methods were tested in nine food groups, including dairy products, beverages, staple foods, meats, cooking oil, snacks, mixed meals, legumes and legume products, flavoring and dressing.ResultsA good correlation was found between CNS and expert opinions across the nine food groups. The corresponding Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0.83 for dairy product, 0.73 for beverages, 0.75 for staple foods, 0.82 for meats, 0.57 for cooking oil, 0.57 for snacks, 0.64 for mixed meals, 0.57 for legumes and legume products, 0.67 for flavoring and dressing (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggested that CNS ranks pre‐packed foods in accordance with the views of nutrition professionals.
Preliminary Characterization of Pediatric Oncology Patients Comparing Traditional Nutrition Assessment to Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment
Authors: Watts Kirsten , Gonzales‐Pacheco Diana , Abraham Shirley , Wong Craig 
Published: June 2021

Study ObjectiveTo compare the Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) tool with traditional measures of nutritional status in a cohort of pediatric oncology patients.BackgroundSGNA has been validated in a number of pediatric populations our study aims to validate this tool in the pediatric oncology patient population.Methods: A Registered Dietitian (RD) performed traditional nutrition assessment which included medical history, dietary assessment, anthropometrics, biochemical markers of nutrition status, and body composition analysis using bioelectrical impedance (BIA). SGNA included anthropometric data, adequacy of dietary intake, gastrointestinal issues that could alter nutrient intake, functional capacity, stress of metabolic disease and nutrition focused physical exam that looks for signs and symptoms of nutrient deficiency.Results: Preliminary findings on the first patients (n=4) assessed indicate that SGNA is consistent with traditional nutrition assessment tools. SGNA captures muscle wasting in patients at low and high percent body fat.

Subject
Albumin gm/dL
PreAlbumin mg/dL
CRP mg/dL
BMI z‐score
Upper Arm Muscle Area (%tile)
%Body Fat
SGNA Score

#1
4.4
25.7
<0.3
‐1.5
5‐10th
15.3
Normal

#2
3.8
28.5
0.3
0.83
5‐10th
41.0
Normal

#3
3.7
34.9
<0.3
1.36
75‐85th
36.2
Normal

#4
4.2
31.2
<0.3
‐0.7
10‐15th
32.3
Moderate

ConclusionSGNA is a feasible non‐invasive nutrition assessment tool easily used in the clinical setting and was positively received by pediatric oncology patients. With training inter‐rater reliability is high. As subjects are enrolled we will be able to determine correlations between traditional measures of nutrition assessment and SGNA.Supported by the University of New Mexico Department of Pediatrics Research Allocation Committee