bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Count Cutoff for Diagnosing Native Joint Septic Arthritis After Antibiotics: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Accuracy
Authors: Massey Patrick A. , Clark Michael D. , Walt Jennifer S. , Feibel Benjamin M. , Robichaux-Edwards Lindy R. , Barton R. Shane 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Urgent treatment of septic arthritis is key in preventing devastating morbidity or mortality. Accurate diagnosis is critical, and the standard diagnostic cutoff of 50,000 synovial leukocytes may be altered by previous administration of antibiotics. Our objective was to identify and compare a cutoff synovial leukocyte count with a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of septic arthritis in patients who received antibiotics and those who had not. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to provide a discriminate cutoff value for diagnosing septic arthritis.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 383 patients was done over a 13-year period including those who had arthrocentesis of any joint. Two groups were created, those who had not been given antibiotics within 2 weeks (control) and those who received intravenous or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks before arthrocentesis. Relevant data included synovial leukocyte count and differential cell count. Additional metrics included temperature, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. A ROC curve determined the optimal synovial white blood cell cutoff for diagnosing septic arthritis in native joints for each group.

Results:
The ROC curve determined that patients who received antibiotics had an optimal cutoff of >16,000 cells (sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 76%), and a neutrophil percentage cutoff of >90% (sensitivity = 73%, specificity = 74%). The control group had an optimal synovial leukocyte cutoff of >33,000 cells (sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 95%). The optimal neutrophil percentage cutoff in the control group was >83% neutrophils (sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 79%).

Conclusion:
When a patient is given antibiotics before arthrocentesis, a diagnostic value of >16,000 synovial leukocytes should be used to guide treatment of septic arthritis. A diagnostic value of >33,000 synovial leukocytes yields the highest accuracy for diagnosis of septic arthritis in patients who have not been given antibiotics before arthrocentesis.

Level of Evidence:
III
Cognitive Training in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Anderson Matthew J. J. , deMeireles Alirio J. , Trofa David P. , Kovacevic David , Ahmad Christopher S. , Lynch Thomas S. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Over the past two decades, various factors have led to fewer opportunities for hands-on learning in the operating room among orthopaedic surgery trainees. Innovative training platforms using anatomic models, cadaveric specimens, and augmented reality have been devised to address this deficiency in surgical training, but such training tools are often costly with limited accessibility. Cognitive training is a low-cost training technique that improves physical performance by refining the way in which information is mentally processed and has long been used by professional athletes and world-class musicians. More recently, cognitive training tools have been developed for several orthopaedic surgery procedures, but the overall utility of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery remains unknown.

Methods:
The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature regarding the use of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery and to summarize the results of investigations comparing cognitive training tools with other methods of learning. To that effect, the PubMed and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for articles related to cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery.

Results:
Eleven publications met the inclusion criteria, including six randomized controlled trials. Cognitive task analysis and mental rehearsal were the most common forms of cognitive training identified. All 11 publications supported the use of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery training. In the six randomized controlled trials, the utilization of cognitive training was associated with notably improved surgical performance and increased knowledge compared with traditional methods of learning.

Discussion:
Based on the limited evidence presented in this review, cognitive training represents a promising, low-cost adjunct to traditional orthopaedic surgery training. Further efforts should be directed at developing and evaluating additional cognitive training tools for orthopaedic surgery trainees.
Comparison of In Situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Reverse Transcription–Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing in Tissue
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Vrana Julie A. , Koepplin Justin W. , Hudson Angela E. , Norgan Andrew P. , Jenkinson Garrett , Yamaoka Satoko , Ebihara Hideki , Monroe Robert , Szabolcs Matthias J. , Majumdar Ramanath , Moyer Ann M. , García Joaquín J. , Kipp Benjamin R. 
Published: March 2021

Context.—Small case series have evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and/or RNA in situ hybridization (RNAish).Objective.—To compare droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, IHC, and RNAish to detect SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in a large series of lung specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Design.—Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and RNAish used commercially available probes; IHC used clone 1A9. Twenty-six autopsies of COVID-19 patients with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 62 lung specimens, 22 heart specimens, 2 brain specimens, and 1 liver, and 1 umbilical cord were included. Control cases included 9 autopsy lungs from patients with other infections/inflammation and virus-infected tissue or cell lines.Results.—Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction had the highest sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 (96%) when compared with IHC (31%) and RNAish (36%). All 3 tests had a specificity of 100%. Agreement between droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and IHC or RNAish was fair (κ = 0.23 and κ = 0.35, respectively). Agreement between IHC and in situ hybridization was substantial (κ = 0.75). Interobserver reliability was almost perfect for IHC (κ = 0.91) and fair to moderate for RNAish (κ = 0.38–0.59). Lung tissues from patients who died earlier after onset of symptoms revealed higher copy numbers by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (P = .03, Pearson correlation = −0.65) and were more likely to be positive by RNAish (P = .02) than lungs from patients who died later. We identified SARS-CoV-2 in hyaline membranes, in pneumocytes, and rarely in respiratory epithelium. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction showed low copy numbers in 7 autopsy hearts from ProteoGenex Inc. All other extrapulmonary tissues were negative.Conclusions.—Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive and highly specific test to identify SARS-CoV-2 in lung specimens from COVID-19 patients.
Relations internationales et expérience américaine : le voyage au bout de la nuit des
étudiants montréalais aux États-Unis (1947-1955)
Authors: Poitras Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Cet article porte sur une série de rencontres qui ont eu lieu de 1947 à 1955 entre
les étudiants de l’Université de Montréal et leurs confrères américains dans différentes
villes de part et d’autre de la frontière. À l’occasion des événements organisés par les
Clubs des relations internationales (CRI), les Udémiens se sont transformés en ambassadeurs
patentés du Québec à l’étranger et ont par la suite raconté en détail leurs aventures. Leur
« moment américain » a bousculé plusieurs de leurs représentations et les a incités à
explorer de nouvelles avenues pour articuler le rôle de la jeunesse, l’expérience du temps
propre au Canada français et la mission de l’université francophone en Amérique. Je montre
que l’approche critique qu’ont adoptée les Udémiens par rapport aux discours de leurs aînés
et particulièrement de leurs professeurs, tout en leur ouvrant un espace discursif propre,
tenait justement à cette remise en jeu de certaines idées reçues par l’affirmation d’un
enracinement en Amérique qui mettait en valeur, mais pour mieux les projeter dans le futur,
l’exception(nalité) canadienne-française et son patrimoine culturel européen et français.
Un Américain au Québec : Everett C. Hughes à la découverte du Canada français
Authors: Vienne Philippe 
Published: March 2021

Everett C. Hughes, de 1927 à 1938, a mené une étude sociologique pionnière de la société québécoise « en transition » par des recherches empiriques. Son analyse sociologique « à la Chicago » implique une réflexion sur les relations ethniques entre deux groupes (tensions et interrelation) et, plus spécifiquement, sur la frontière ethnique où se rencontrent ces groupes. Cet article vise à décrire la « socialisation adulte » (adult socialization) du sociologue de terrain, qui entraîne la transformation du « soi » (self), quand ce dernier découvre une communauté « autre » que celle où il a vécu sa socialisation primaire et s’en imprègne, à la source d’un enrichissement mutuel de longue durée entre Hughes et le Québec.
Des déterminismes aux déterminations; sur les vertus heuristiques de l’enquête ethnographique : l’apport américain à la construction de la sociologie au Québec
Authors: Parent Frédéric , Sabourin Paul 
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous questionnons sur ce que la pensée sociologique québécoise doit à la pensée sociologique américaine. Il ne s’agit pas ici d’évoquer de possibles influences, mais de montrer de façon empirique les transformations cognitives induites, favorisées et consolidées par les écrits d’auteurs américains afin de rendre intelligible la constitution de la société québécoise. Nous retraçons en première partie la contribution américaine dans le développement d’une théorie sociologique de la connaissance chez le premier sociologue canadien, Léon Gérin, et dans le conflit qui l’oppose à ses collègues français. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux continuateurs de l’enquête ethnographique au Canada. Dans les deux cas, le Canada français apparaît comme un laboratoire énigmatique en Amérique en raison d’un développement singulier qui n’est pas, par exemple, celui des États-Unis. La découverte quasi obligée de la dimension symbolique de la réalité sociale et, plus spécifiquement, du « facteur culturel » se fera par la mise au jour de rationalités sociales multiples, en rien réductibles à la rationalité de l’homo economicus.
Évaluation des besoins de santé et intégration à la culture francophone, anglophone et autochtone chez les enfants métis en milieu minoritaire
Authors: LeBlanc Angèle , Roy-Charland Annie , Paquette Tara , Boulard Poirier Jessica , Young Nancy L. 
Published: March 2021

Ce projet a pour objectif d’adapter et de traduire un questionnaire lié à la santé et au bien-être des enfants métis : la Mesure de la santé et du bien-être des enfants métis (MSBEM), en plus de déterminer si les enfants métis de la communauté du Grand Sudbury sont davantage intégrés à la culture autochtone, francophone ou anglophone.
Comment exercer une gestion rationnelle axée sur les résultats ? Exemple de la mesure de l’effet d’un programme orthopédagogique sur le rendement des élèves
Authors: Boyer Christian , Bissonnette Steve 
Published: March 2021

Le Renouveau pédagogique de l’an 2000 au Québec n’a pas été conçu et implanté d’une manière rigoureuse et rationnelle. Cette manière de faire constitue même l’exemple de ce qu’il faut éviter. Le monde scolaire, incluant le ministère de l’Éducation du Québec, aurait avantage à utiliser une gestion rationnelle axée sur les résultats (GRAR). Cet article décrit succinctement le cadre général de la GRAR pour ensuite en présenter une application concrète concernant l’effet d’un programme orthopédagogique sur le rendement. L’approche orthopédagogique en question est le programme DIR (Développement intensif du raisonnement) en lecture, connu aussi sous le vocableIntervention intensive en lecture. La GRAR pourrait aussi être employée pour évaluer d’autres types de programmes ou de services pédagogiques ou orthopédagogiques.
IMPACT DE LA FORMATION ET DE L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT PÉDAGOGIQUE DESTINÉS AUX NOUVEAUX PROFESSEURS D’UNIVERSITÉ SUR LEUR TÂCHE RÉELLE : COMPARAISON INTERNATIONALE (CANADA–FRANCE)
Authors: Gravelle France , Ménard Louise , Hoffmann Christian , Lameul Geneviève , Bédard Denis , Leduc Diane , Bégin Christian 
Published: March 2021

Cet article présente une partie des résultats issus d’une recherche qualitative internationale qui a été menée au Canada et en France qui s’intitule « Effets de la formation et de l’accompagnement pédagogiques sur les pratiques des nouveaux professeurs d’université et leurs étudiants ». Considérant que la tâche réelle d’un professeur d’université a été soumise à de nombreux changements depuis ces dernières années, plusieurs universités ont décidé de développer des dispositifs de formation et d’accompagnement pédagogique, afin de préparer les nouveaux professeurs à exercer leurs fonctions. Après quelques années d’existence, peu de recherches portent sur leurs effets. Cet article a pour but de présenter les résultats qui semblent avoir eu un impact sur l’expérience d’enseignement vécue pendant le déroulement de la recherche.
Metabolite profiling of endophytic Streptomyces spp. and its antiplasmodial potential
Authors: Ahmad Siti Junaidah , Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Mazlan Noor Wini , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Baba Mohd Shukri , Lau Yee Ling 
Published: March 2021

Background
Antiplasmodial drug discovery is significant especially from natural sources such as plant bacteria. This research aimed to determine antiplasmodial metabolites of Streptomyces spp. against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by using a metabolomics approach.

Methods
Streptomyces strains’ growth curves, namely SUK 12 and SUK 48, were measured and P. falciparum 3D7 IC50 values were calculated. Metabolomics analysis was conducted on both strains’ mid-exponential and stationary phase extracts.

Results
The most successful antiplasmodial activity of SUK 12 and SUK 48 extracts shown to be at the stationary phase with IC50 values of 0.8168 ng/mL and 0.1963 ng/mL, respectively. In contrast, the IC50 value of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) for antiplasmodial activity was 0.2812 ng/mL. The univariate analysis revealed that 854 metabolites and 14, 44 and three metabolites showed significant differences in terms of strain, fermentation phase, and their interactions. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis and S-loading plot putatively identified pavettine, aurantioclavine, and 4-butyldiphenylmethane as significant outliers from the stationary phase of SUK 48. For potential isolation, metabolomics approach may be used as a preliminary approach to rapidly track and identify the presence of antimalarial metabolites before any isolation and purification can be done.
Preparation and characterization of gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels for tissue engineering
Authors: Ye Jing , Yang Gang , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhenghua , He Ling , Zhang Han , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2021

Background
Tissue engineering, which involves the selection of scaffold materials, presents a new therapeutic strategy for damaged tissues or organs. Scaffold design based on blends of proteins and polysaccharides, as mimicry of the native extracellular matrix, has recently become a valuable strategy for tissue engineering.

Objective
This study aimed to construct composite hydrogels based on natural polymers for tissue engineering.

Methods
Composite hydrogels based on blends of gelatin with a polysaccharide component (chitosan or alginate) were produced and subsequently enzyme crosslinked. The other three hydrogels, chitosan hydrogel, sodium alginate hydrogel, and microbial transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin (mTG/GA) hydrogel were also prepared. All hydrogels were evaluated for in vitro degradation property, swelling capacity, and mechanical property. Rat adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and seeded on (or embedded into) the above-mentioned hydrogels. The morphological features of ADSCs were observed and recorded. The effects of the hydrogels on ADSC survival and adhesion were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation was tested by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results
Cell viability assay results showed that the five hydrogels are not cytotoxic. The mTG/GA and its composite hydrogels showed higher compressive moduli than the single-component chitosan and alginate hydrogels. MTT assay results showed that ADSCs proliferated better on the composite hydrogels than on the chitosan and alginate hydrogels. Light microscope observation and cell cytoskeleton staining showed that hydrogel strength had obvious effects on cell growth and adhesion. The ADSCs seeded on chitosan and alginate hydrogels plunged into the hydrogels and could not stretch out due to the low strength of the hydrogel, whereas cells seeded on composite hydrogels with higher elastic modulus, could spread out, and grew in size.

Conclusion
The gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels could serve as attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering due to their easy preparation and favorable biophysical properties.
One‐Source Strategy Boosting Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xinqi , Chen Weijie , Wang Shuhui , Xu Guiying , Liu Shuo , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, the inferior film quality and doped hole transport layer (HTL) have a strong tendency to degrade the perovskite under high temperatures or harsh operating conditions. To solve these problems, a one‐source strategy using the same polymer donor material (PDM) to simultaneously dope CsPbI2Br perovskite films via antisolvent engineering and fabricating the HTL is proposed. The doping assists perovskite film growth and forms a top–down gradient distribution, generating CsPbI2Br with enlarged grain size and reduced defect density. The PDM as the HTL suppresses the energy barrier and forms favorable electrical contacts for hole extraction, and assemble into a fingerprint‐like morphology that improves the conductivity, facilitating the creation of a dopant‐free HTL. Based on this one‐source strategy using PBDB‐T as PDM, the CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell with a dopant‐free HTL achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40%, which is one of the highest PCEs reported among all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br pero‐SCs with a dopant‐free HTL. Importantly, the devices exhibit the highest thermal stability at 85 °C and operational stability under continuous illumination even with Ag as the top electrode and present good universality.
Photoisomerization Efficiency of a Solar Thermal Fuel in the Strong Coupling Regime
Authors: Mony Jürgen , Climent Clàudia , Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Feist Johannes , Börjesson Karl 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStrong exciton‐photon coupling is achieved when the interaction between molecules and an electromagnetic field is increased to a level where they cannot be treated as separate systems. This leads to the formation of polaritonic states and an effective rearrangement of the potential energy surfaces, which opens the possibility to modify photochemical reactions. This work investigates how the strong coupling regime is affecting the photoisomerization efficiency and thermal backconversion of a norbornadiene–quadricyclane molecular photoswitch. The quantum yield of photoisomerization shows both an excitation wavelength and exciton/photon constitution dependence. The polariton‐induced decay and energy transfer processes are discussed to be the reason for this finding. Furthermore, the thermal back conversion of the system is unperturbed and the lower polariton effectively shifts the absorption onset to lower energies. The reason for the unperturbed thermal backconversion is that it occurs on the ground state, which is unaffected. This work demonstrates how strong coupling can change material properties towards higher efficiencies in applications. Importantly, the experiments illustrate that strong coupling can be used to optimize the absorption onset of the molecular photoswitch norbonadiene without affecting the back reaction from the uncoupled quadricyclane.
Meso‐Reconstruction of Silk Fibroin based on Molecular and Nano‐Templates for Electronic Skin in Medical Applications
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Chen Caifeng , Qiu Ye , Ma Liyun , Qiu Wu , Yu Rui , Yu Weidong , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA unique strategy of mesoscopic functionalization starting from silk fibroin (SF) materials to the fabrication of meso flexible SF electronic skin (e‐skin) is presented. Notably, SF materials of novel and enhanced properties of the materials can be achieved by mesoscopically reconstructing the hierarchical structures of SF materials, based on rerouting the refolding process of SF molecules by meso‐nucleation templating. Mesoscopic hybridization/reconstruction endows cocoon silk with a robust mechanical and electric performance by incorporating wool keratin (WK) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the mesostructures of SF via intermolecular templated nucleation. Furthermore, the asymmetrical meso‐functional films with biocompatibility and insulation on one side and conductivity on the other (square resistance = 130 Ω sq−1) endow the passive wireless e‐skin exhibited a tunable sensitivity from −1.05 to −6.35 kPa−1 with a lossless measurement range of ≈2 kPa. The pulses of human subjects are monitored using the e‐skin to evaluate blood vessel hardening and real‐time dynamic systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
A Review on Encapsulation Technology from Organic Light Emitting Diodes to Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Qian , Yang Zhichun , Meng Xin , Yue Youfeng , Ahmad Muhammad Ashfaq , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yiqiang , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing organic thin‐film based emitters have attracted tremendous attention due to their widespread applications in lighting and as displays in mobile devices and televisions. The novel thin‐film photovoltaic techniques using organic or organic–inorganic hybrid materials such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become emerging competitive candidates with regard to the traditional photovoltaic techniques on account of high‐efficiency, low‐cost, and simple manufacturing processing properties. However, OLEDs, OPVs, and PSCs are vulnerable to the undesired degradation induced by moisture and oxygen. To afford long‐term stability, a robust encapsulation technique by employing materials and structures that possess high barrier performance against oxygen and moisture must be explored and employed to protect these devices. Herein, the recent progress on specific encapsulation materials and techniques for three types of devices on the basis of fundamental understanding of device stability is reviewed. First, their degradation mechanisms, as well as, influencing factors are discussed. Then, the encapsulation technologies and materials are classified and discussed. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of various encapsulation technologies and materials coupled with their encapsulation applications in different devices are compared. Finally, the ongoing challenges and future perspectives of encapsulation frontier are provided.