bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the trench layout on the loss of nitrogen production and flow from the rainfall of oblique farmland
Authors: Zhang Guangjun , Liu Shanshan , Qing Tianling , Lv Cuimei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The oblique farmland in the northern part of China is often affected by rainfall, which arises out of the loss of a large amount of nitrogen, which causes the reduction of crop yield and the nutrient-rich pollution of river basins. Evaluating the impact of the trench farming layout on the loss of nitrogen production and flow of rainfall in sloping farmland can provide a scientific basis for the prediction and effective prevention and control of nitrogen loss in sloping farmland. Taking the oblique farmland of corn as the research object, nitrogen loss of distinctive ridges and the pitch of the ditches under natural rainfall conditions were continually observed by using the field prototype field observation test. According to the local farming tradition, three kinds of ridge and furrow trends should be set up, including horizontal ridge, vertical ridge and oblique ridge. The ridge and furrow spacing of the three tillage methods should be set at three levels, 40cm, 60cm and 80cm in turn. In addition, establish a field without ridge flat for blank control. Using the method of frequency statistics, it is calculated that the trench layout with the smallest nitrogen loss in each rainfall production stream is frequency in the annual rainfall production flow, and the trench layout with the smallest nitrogen loss is found from the overall trench layout and the same trench to different ridge spacing, and the same trench spacing to the three aspects of the trench layout. The results show that the optimal ridge and furrow layout with the minimum loss of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen is 60 cm ditch spacing in a horizontal ridge direction.
Study on Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission of Civil Buildings Based on Regional Differences
Authors: Sihui Yang , Jing Liu , Mengjie Wang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
China's civil building carbon emissions show different characteristics due to different regions, so we should take measures to reduce carbon emissions according to local conditions. In this paper, LMDI model is used to study the influencing factors of carbon emissions in four regions of China according to the total amount and efficiency of carbon emissions. The influencing factors are divided into economic scale effect, per capita economic effect, urbanization effect, per capita building area effect, energy consumption per unit area effect and comprehensive carbon emission factor effect, and decompose each effect, find out the key factors that affect the carbon emissions of civil buildings in each region, and provide the direction for carbon emission governance of civil buildings in China.
Design of air quality monitoring system based on light scattering sensor
Authors: Tong YU , Mei-de XU , Zi-han YU , Tian-qing ZHANG 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current air quality detector mainly detects the PM2.5, temperature and humidity of the environment at a single point, and the official website data is also a large range of regional data. The traditional cable transmission and wiring is complex, limited by the environment and high cost. In this paper, a data service air quality detection system based on light scattering sensor is proposed, which can detect PM2.5, temperature and humidity, and upload data to the Internet of things platform for real-time analysis and historical data statistics. It can also upload data to the Internet of things platform for real-time analysis and historical data statistics. The system collects three kinds of sensor modules to monitor indoor air environment in real time. Monitoring data is sent to mobile terminal equipment or PC terminal through WiFi. Its historical data can be viewed and called for data statistics through mobile phones. The system is stable and convenient to use. The paper also studies the detection characteristics and improvement methods of light scattering sensor.
Comprehensive assessment of water quality of ten rivers in Zhengzhou main urban area
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Zhang Qiying , Qian Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to clarify the water quality characteristics and provide reference for the overall control and prevention of the rivers in Zhengzhou, the comprehensive pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method were used to evaluate the water quality of ten rivers in Zhengzhou main urban area. The results show that the water quality of ten rivers in Zhengzhou is worse than that of Class III before February 2018. After that, the water quality was improved and basically reached Class III water quality. Suggestion: the main prevention and control work in Zhengzhou is to control the discharge of pollutants, especially chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen pollutants.
Temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of meteorological drought in Guanzhong Basin based on SPEI drought index
Authors: Zhang Qiying , Ren Wenhao , Qian Hui , Xu Panpan , Guo Meng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the main agricultural area of Shaanxi Province, the Guanzhong Basin has a fragile ecology and frequent droughts. This study focuses on the intensity, duration, and frequency of meteorological droughts in Guanzhong Basin, from 1955 to 2015, and the temporal-spatial characteristics of meteorological drought were evaluated based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Our results show that the four SPEI values all show a decreasing trend with time, which indicates that the frequency of droughts is gradually increasing. Moreover, the frequency of meteorological droughts does not exceed 40%, with a decreasing order of light drought > moderate drought > heavy drought > extreme drought. The mild drought, moderate drought, severe drought, and extreme drought mainly occur in the eastern, west, south, and north parts of the Guanzhong Basin, respectively.
An Investigation of the Membrane Fouling Behaviors in Constant Flux Mode
Authors: Yin Shuang , Song Peng , Chen Yujie , Du Xinpei , Liu Xuguo , Zhang Hu , Wang Zhan , Wang Xi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Studying the effect of different operation conditions (bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration, flux and stirring speed) on the membrane fouling behaviors (the variation of transmembrane pressure (TMP), cake resistance (Rc), pore blocking resistance (Rc
) and available membrane area ratio (A/A0
) is of paramount importance in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process. The constant flux filtration experiment was conducted to investigate the fouling behaviors of BSA solution, which provides a guidance for controlling the membrane fouling. The intermediate blocking-cake combined model was established and it was described mathematically with good results. The results showed that the influence sequence of operating conditions on the TMP was obtained as flux > concentration > stirring speed. Meanwhile, Rc
decreased with the increase of stirring speed, and the A/A0
decreased with the increase of BSA concentration and the flux.
A study on heating of residential buildings in the Yangtze River Valley of China
Authors: Dong Xujuan , Yan Zengfeng , Shi Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Yangtze River is China's densely populated and the most economically prosperous region. It’s hot and humid in summer and cold in winter in this region. This area is considered as a non-heating region in winter, The residential building design usually does not consider the building heating requirements. The building envelope thermal performance is poor, and the indoor thermal environment quality is worse in the residential building in this region. In recent years, local experts and residents in the area have expressed strong willingness to building heating in winter. Consequently, on the basis of field investigation and field test, this paper has analyzed the choice of building heating mode from the aspects of local meteorological conditions, indoor environment status, local residents' living habits and residents' heating demand. Based on the results of the technological economic comparison of preliminary studies, suggestions on the suitable building heating mode were given in the Yangtze River Valley of China.
A Preliminary Study of Slow Traffic System to Activate the Vitality of Historic Districts Take Wuhan Tanhualin Historic District as an example
Authors: Zhang Naiwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human activity is a prerequisite for a neighborhood to be full of vitality. As the embodiment of the image of the city, the historical districts need to rely on human behavior. Slow traffic can promote people's communication to a certain extent, so the slow traffic system has a certain significance in activating the vitality of historic districts. This article summarizes the Tan Hualin historic district by investigating the current situation of residents’ traffic in Tan Hualin Combining with the existing examples and based on the slow traffic system, this paper proposes measures to improve the existing problems in the Tanhualin Historic District in Wuhan, and explores how the slow traffic system can stimulate the vitality of the historic district.
The Study of Fouling Behavior for the Model Binary Mixture
Authors: Gao Shujuan , Liu Xinsen , Zhang Hu , Liu Xuguo , Wang Zhan , Wang Xi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study systematically investigated the fouling behavior and mechanism of PAN Microfiltration (MF) membrane fouled with the model binary mixture (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA)) of extracellular polymer substance (EPS) solution under different concentration and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The result showed that the fouling mechanism of the model binary mixture was the pore blocking and cake formation. Moreover, the SA plays a dominant role in the model binary mixture (BSA/SA). The higher SA concentration could cause the more serious membrane fouling (both the flux (J) and the available membrane area (A/A0
) decreased), and the total resistance increased and caused the fouling mechanism changing from combined complete blocking and cake filtration into individual cake filtration appeared earlier. In addition, increasing of the TMP can also aggravate membrane fouling and it could be accurately described by the cake-complete model. This studied offered insight into the model binary mixture in the fouling behavior and mechanism, which can be used as guidance for practical application.
Application of water ecological restoration guided by microbial activation in landscape water
Authors: Yuan Yihui , Zhao Fengbin , Feng Yibing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water eutrophication is one of the difficulties in urban landscape water. In the past period of time, people have been exploring the prevention and control of eutrophication of landscape water. At present, submerged plant restoration, chemical control of algae and physical equipment filtration technology are becoming more and more mature. Among them, submerged macrophyte restoration has become the mainstream technology, but the restoration of submerged macrophytes is faced with the problem of lack of transparency, which leads to the failure of engineering construction. Indigenous microbial activation(IMA) technology has become an effective method to solve this problem. The technology focuses on the water microbial community as the research object. By adding an activator with a suitable concentration gradient to the experimental landscape water, the indigenous microbial community is activated landscape water. The paper analyzed the current landscape water eutrophication technology, summarized the relationship between bacteria and algae, algae and submerged plants, and proposed IMA microbial activation technology. In addition, we share a project case to better illustrate this technology.In the case, IMA equipment was added to the experimental landscape water to study the water environment quality changes before and after the implementation of the project, so as to evaluate the feasibility and technical advantages of IMA technology, and provide technical ideas and data support for landscape water treatment.
Achievements of green economic development in China from the perspective of environmental governance modernization
Authors: Zhong Xianzhe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
President Xi Jinping's concept of green development contains prosperous concepts of economic development and environmental governance modernization. It is an important guideline for the coordination between economic development and energy development. The concept of green development adheres to the two main lines including high-quality economic development and environmental protection, helping the construction of ecological civilization and the harmonious development of economy in China. This paper analyzes the new achievements of China's economic green development in the process of ecological civilization construction. It uses the regional development index method to analyze the comprehensive development index of Beijing and neighboring Tianjin municipality and Hebei province, showing the breakthrough of China's economic green development. It also helps further understand the characteristics and theoretical contributions of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, which will effectively promote an in-depth development of China's ecological civilization strategy. Meanwhile, it provides China's plan and wisdom for promoting world economic development, global ecological governance and building a community of shared future for mankind.
Predicting the impact of urban rail transit construction on employment attractiveness based on the GM(1,1) model: A case study of Guangzhou
Authors: Ge Yingxi , Wang Beibei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Taking Guangzhou, one of the four largest first-tier cities in China, as an example, this paper analyzes the impact of urban rail transit construction on the level of urban employment attraction. Through the establishment of grey model, the relationship between the number of employees in the subway and the whole society is established, and the development trend of Guangzhou's employment attraction in the next five years is predicted. The conclusion is that the number of employees in Guangzhou will reach 10371290 in 2023.
Reference XPS spectra of amino acids
Authors: Artemenko A , Shchukarev A , Štenclová P , Wågberg T , Segervald J , Jia X , Kromka A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this report we present XPS data for five amino acids (AAs) (tryptophan, methionine, glutamine, glutamic acid, and arginine) with different side chain groups measured in solid state (powder form). The theoretically and experimentally obtained chemical structure of AAs are compared. Here, we analyse and discuss C 1 s, N 1 s, O 1s and S 2p core level binding energies, FWHMs, atomic concentrations of the functional groups in AAs. The experimentally obtained and theoretically calculated ratio of atomic concentrations are compared. The zwitterionic nature of methionine and glutamine in solid state was determined from protonated amino groups in N 1s peak and deprotonated carboxylic groups in the C 1s spectrum. The obtained XPS results for AAs well correspond with previously reported data.
Optical emission spectroscopy of radio frequency inductively coupled plasma for cold hydrogenation of nanoparticles
Authors: Remes Z , Kromka A , Micova J , Rezek B , Poruba A , Hsu Hua-Shu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (ICP) offers an alternative “cold” way to affect the size, composition, structure, and surface functionality of nanoparticles (NPs), such as metal oxide NPs, providing further adjustment of their physical and chemical properties. The ICP was monitored in-situ by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). In particular, hydrogen, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen plasma was studied. OES data show that despite the decrease of the optical emission intensity with increasing gas pressure, the concentration of atomic hydrogen increases with pressure and radio frequency power.
Bactericidal effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Grampositive and Gram-negative strains in reverse spin bioreactor
Authors: Rutherford D , Jíra J , Kolářová K , Remeš Z , Rezek B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present an experimental study investigating the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticle use for bacterial decontamination of water using reverse spin technology. The number of viable bacteria reduced with treatment time and the rate of inactivation was dependent on zinc oxide concentration. Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria were more resistant to zinc oxide nanoparticles compared to Gram-negative E. coli, however both strains were completely eradicated after 4 hours using a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Nanoparticles did not inhibit growth of bacteria when added to an agar surface, neither when in liquid before bacteria inoculation nor when loaded onto filter paper disks after bacteria inoculation. These results emphasise the importance of efficient reactor mixing to enhance interaction capability for ZnO use in water decontamination.
Mobile application to optimize care for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients in a large healthcare system, STEMIcathAID: rationale and design
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Parasuram , Vengrenyuk Andriy , Wasielewski Brian , Barman Nitin , Bander Jeffrey , Sweeny Joseph , Baber Usman , Dangas George , Gidwani Umesh , Syros Georgios , Singh Manjit , Vengrenyuk Yuliya , Ezenkwele Ugo , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline , Chu Kenny , Warshaw Abraham , Kukar Atul , Bai Matthew , Darrow Bruce , Garcia Haydee , Oliver Beth , Sharma Samin K , Kini Annapoorna S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
Technological advancements have transformed healthcare. System delays in transferring patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centre are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to design and develop a secure mobile application, STEMIcathAID, streamlining communication, and coordination between the STEMI care teams to reduce ischaemia time and improve patient outcomes.

Methods and results
The app was designed for transfer of patients with STEMI to a cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) from an emergency department (ED) of either a PCI capable or a non-PCI capable hospital. When a suspected STEMI arrives to a non-PCI hospital ED, the ED physician uploads the electrocardiogram and relevant patient information. An instant notification is simultaneously sent to the on-call CCL attending and transfer centre. The attending reviews the information, makes a video call and decides to either accept or reject the transfer. If accepted, on-call CCL team members receive an immediate push notification and begin communicating with the ED team via a HIPAA compliant chat. The app provides live GPS tracking of the ambulance and frequent clinical status updates of the patient. In addition, it allows for screening of STEMI patients in cardiogenic shock. Prior to discharge, important data elements have to be entered to close the case.

Conclusion
We developed a novel mobile app to optimize care for STEMI patients and facilitate electronic extraction of relevant performance metrics to improve allocation of resources and reduction of costs.
Double Counting of Investment
Authors: Barro Robert J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The national-income accounts double-count investment, which enters once when it occurs and again in present value as rental income on added capital. The double counting implies that GDP and national income overstate sustainable consumption. An alternative measure, ‘permanent income’, equals consumption in the steady state but deviates from consumption outside of the steady state because expensing of gross investment applies to the long-run flow, not the current value. The permanent-income perspective substantially affects measured factor-income shares. When computed in relation to permanent income, the US labour-income share has been reasonably stable, in contrast to the declining share based on GDP.
A Dutch phase III randomized multicenter trial: whole brain radiotherapy versus stereotactic radiotherapy for 4–10 brain metastases
Authors: Hartgerink Dianne , Bruynzeel Anna , Eekers Danielle , Swinnen Ans , Hurkmans Coen , Wiggenraad Ruud , Swaak-Kragten Annemarie , Dieleman Edith , van der Toorn Peter-Paul , Oei Bing , van Veelen Lieneke , Verhoeff Joost , Lagerwaard Frank , de Ruysscher Dirk , Lambin Philippe , Zindler Jaap 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The clinical value of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BM) is a matter of debate due to the significant side effects involved. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an attractive alternative treatment option that may avoid these side effects and improve local tumor control. We initiated a randomized trial (NCT02353000) to investigate whether quality of life is better preserved after SRS compared with WBRT in patients with multiple brain metastases.

Methods
Patients with 4–10 BM were randomized between the standard arm WBRT (total dose 20 Gy in 5 fractions) or SRS (single fraction or 3 fractions). The primary endpoint was the difference in quality of life (QOL) at 3 months post-treatment.

Results
The study was prematurely closed due to poor accrual. A total of 29 patients (13%) were randomized, of which 15 patients have been treated with SRS and 14 patients with WBRT. The median number of lesions were 6 (range: 4–9) and the median total treatment volume was 13.0 cc3 (range: 1.8–25.9 cc3). QOL at 3 months decreased in the SRS group by 0.1 (SD = 0.2), compared to 0.2 (SD = 0.2) in the WBRT group (P = .23). The actuarial 1-year survival rates were 57% (SRS) and 31% (WBRT) (P = .52). The actuarial 1-year brain salvage-free survival rates were 50% (SRS) and 78% (WBRT) (P = .22).

Conclusion
In patients with 4–10 BM, SRS alone resulted in 1-year survival for 57% of patients while maintaining quality of life. Due to the premature closure of the trial, no statistically significant differences could be determined.