bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1490Activist and Epidemiologist: Collision or Synergy?
Authors: Kavanagh Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
In this presentation, I discuss how activism and lived experience can enhance epidemiological research. I argue that my lived experience of disability and activism, enhance my research because I: have understanding of the contexts in which disabled people live, I focus on what is relevant to disabled people, and have the impetus to interrogate government knowledge claims. I illustrate this through two research/activism scenarios: COVID-19 pandemic proposed reforms to Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) – which provides individual budgets for nearly 500,000 Australians with disability.

Findings
During the COVID-19, I spearheaded ‘calls to action’ for governments to respond to the specific risks faced by people with disability. I led a research demonstrating the risks to disability support workers. My expert witness testimonies at the Disability Royal Commission were central to the Commission’s recommendations. And my work changed government policies relating to managing outbreaks in disability settings and vaccination. In relation to the NDIS, I have critiqued the research government conducts, and the data they use, to support their arguments for reform.

Conclusions/Implications
Being an activist with lived experience requires reflexivity to ensure individual biases are not reinforced, but it also offers opportunities. Research is contextualised and the pathway to change more easily charted. Epidemiology should foster the careers of researchers with lived experience who maybe activists as well.

Key messages
Lived experience researchers and activists can enhance epidemiological research bringing unique insights and new opportunities for change.
517Challenges in data linkage – experiences from an upper gastrointestinal cancer data linkage study
Authors: Khan Nadia , Ioannou Liane , Pilgrim Charles , Earnest Arul , Maharaj Ashika , Croagh Daniel , Liew Danny , Atwood David , Holland Jennifer , Philip Jennifer , Emery Jon , Ijzerman Maarten , Brown Wendy , Zalcberg John , Evans Sue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Linked, population-level data is valuable for mapping patterns of care and evaluating health service utilisation, particularly in difficult-to-reach populations. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers have a dismal prognosis, creating difficulties engaging patients in research. The utility of a linked dataset in this population is of high value.

Methods
Key objectives included identifying the operational and feasibility issues associated with linking Australian state-based administrative and registry data for understanding health service utilisation in UGI cancers. Datasets pertained to hospital admissions, radiotherapy, community health, primary care, palliative care, Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule’s and UGI cancers.

Results
From a logistical perspective, data access request approval processes varied, with some requiring consent to be sought from individual services contributing data. The availability of unique person-level identifying information varied widely. Additionally, the time period of data capture differed between and within datasets, limiting the quality of the linked data. Significant costs were associated with linking with primary care and Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule’s. Federal dataset linkage required at least a one-year waiting period.

Conclusions
Whilst in theory data linkage is a powerful mechanism for obtaining population-level data, in reality, there are many logistical and financial barriers to linking multiple datasets. Consequently, critical data, which has the potential to inform policy and improve patient outcomes, cannot be procured.

Key messages
Logistical and financial challenges are associated with linking administrative and registry datasets for research, limiting the potential of data linkage.
59Outbreak investigation of dengue fever in union council (UC) Bharakahu, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2019
Authors: Khan Sajjad Ahmad Khan Sajjad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
During third week of September 2019, lady health workers reported twelve suspected cases of dengue fever from UC Bharakahu, Islamabad (population 70,000) to health department. Outbreak investigation conducted with objectives to determine risk factors and recommend control measures.

Methods
Investigation conducted from 20th September to 04th November 2019. Case was defined as any resident of UC Bharakahu with fever and two or more of following signs/symptoms; headache, retro-orbital pain, arthralgia, myalgia, petechial rash with NS1 (Nonstructural Protein 1) positive during 12th August to 18th November 2019. Age and sex matched healthy controls recruited from same neighborhood. Blood samples from seven suspected cases sent for laboratory confirmation.

Results
Total 993 houses surveyed and 113 cases identified. Mean age was 34.2 years (range 13-90 years). Most affected age group was 35-44 years (Attack Rate 0.78%), Overall attack rate was 0.15%. Males were predominantly involved n = 70 (62%). Out of total cases, 34 (70%) had stagnant water inside and around houses (OR 2.0, CI 1.06-3.75, p &lt; 0.005), 40 (35%) used repellent lotions (OR 0.55, CI 0.32-0.95, p &lt; 0.05), 34 (30%) used insecticide spray (OR 0.35, CI 0.20-0.61, p &lt; 0.05), 97 (86%) used full protective clothing (OR 0.22, CI 0.07-0.68, p &lt; 0.05). All seven blood samples tested positive for NS-1 Ag.

Conclusion
Presence of stagnant rain water inside and around houses acted as breeding grounds for aedes aegypti mosquitoes and was most probable cause of outbreak. Following our recommendations, health department initiated mosquito breeding sites control activities through insecticide residual spray and advocacy on use of protective measures against mosquito bites.

Key words
Outbreak, dengue, stagnant water, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad, 2019
722Prevalence and predictors of internet addiction among college students in Jodhpur city, India
Authors: Setty Naveen Kikkeri Hanumantha , Rajasekhar Thota , Raghav Pankaja , Aneja Jitender , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Sharma Prem Prakash , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Srinivasan Srikanth , T Prasanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Globally, the prevalence of internet addiction (IA) varies from 6% to 58% and emerging as a signiﬁcant behavioural addiction pandemic often coexisting with psychological problems. This study was done to estimate the prevalence and predictors of internet addiction among undergraduate college students of Jodhpur city.

Methods
Cross sectional study was done among 2035 college students of Jodhpur city between August 2018-October 2019. The study tool consisted of self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic details, Young’s internet addiction scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and DASS 21scale. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done using SPSS v.23.

Results
The prevalence of internet addiction was 51.0% (95% CI:48.8%-53.2%). Depression, anxiety and stress were highly correlated (r &gt; 0.7). Hence, 3 separate binary logistic regression models were constructed. The predictors of IA common among all 3 models were male sex, age ≥20 years, age at first internet use ≤15 years, urban origin, accessing internet at college, mobile internet use, preference to make online friendship and sleep disturbance. Staying in hostel or paying guest accommodation was predictor in model 2 and 3. Students who screened positive for Depression, anxiety and stress had higher odds of IA.

Conclusions
Nearly half of study participants were internet addicts. IA was associated with depression, anxiety, stress and sleep disturbance.

Key messages
The study highlights the need for screening and management of both internet addiction and associated mental health problems with special focus on males and those staying away from home.
1092Questioning health inequality as policy agenda in Korea: using Luke’s three-dimensional theory of power
Authors: Kim Saerom , Kim Myoung-Hee 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Health inequality is an important public health concern in Korea. However, policies to reduce health inequalities still falls behind. This research focus on political agenda making process of health inequality. To achieve this aim, we utilized Lukes’ three-dimensional theory of power to explain current state of ‘health inequality’ as political agenda in South Korea.

Findings
We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with 6 policymakers and 6 practitioners, and focus-group interview with 5 researchers in 2016. From the qualitative analysis, we constructed 3 main themes. First theme, the perception, participants’ perspective on health inequality varied widely. Some participants assumed health inequality in Korea as an inevitable social condition, not even a problem to be tackled. Despite differing views on the condition, most participants attributed health inequality as result of accumulated result of socio-economic inequality.
Second theme, the barriers, many claimed health inequality too abstract, complex, and ambiguous concept to be politicized. Policy actors saw current political apathy to paucity of empirical evidence, which was the complete opposite to the researchers.
Third theme, the supression, was analyzed using luke's theory of power. On first dimension, the pluralistic power, conservative government has been marginalizing overal inequality issue. On second dimension, two major obstacles of growth-first policy and result-ased management of bureaucratic organization were found. On third dimension, the governmentality, 3 mechanisms that suppress health inequality were found. Those were medicalization of health, neoliberal discourse that individualize health as personal asset, and policy monopoly by 'health insurance' that absorbe every health-related issue.

Conclusions/Implications
In conclusion, we derived five propositions for making health inequality a policy agenda in Korea. Strong political leadership to tackle structrual inequality is needed, more decentralized, democratic governance system should be founded, intersectoral approach and comprehensive intervention for health inequality should be implemented, alternative health regime to reorganized current medicalization of health should suffuse, finally, more knowledge and experience to denaturalize health inequality should be followed.

Key messages
To tackle health inequality, power that supress health equity becoming policy agenda should be anlalized.
809Sodium/potassium ratio change was associated with blood pressure change: finding from health check-up data
Authors: Kogure Mana , Nakaya Naoki , Hirata Takumi , Tsuchiya Naho , Nakamura Tomohiro , Narita Akira , Suto Yoko , Honma Yoko , Sasaki Hidemi , Miyagawa Ken , Ushida Yusuke , Ueda Hiroyuki , Hozawa Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio was reported to be associated with blood pressure (BP). Recently, the Na/K ratio self-monitoring device using spot urine was established. We assessed whether the urinary Na/K ratio change measured using the Na/K device was positively associated with BP change in a health check-up setting.

Methods
We targeted 12,890 participants who attended the annually health check-up in Tome City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan between 2017 and 2018. Tome city introduced urinary Na/K ratio measurement during health check-up since 2017. We assessed the relationship between change in urinary Na/K ratio and BP change using multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and change in body mass index (BMI) and alcohol intake. For each year, we compared the baseline characteristics according to the urinary Na/K ratio and BP level.

Results
The change in systolic BP and diastolic BP was positively associated with the change in urinary Na/K ratio. The average urinary Na/K ratio was significantly lower in 2018 than in 2017 (5.4±3.0 to 4.9±2.2, p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, their systolic BP in 2018 (130.9±17.4 mmHg) was lower than that in 2017 (132.1±17.9 mmHg) (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The positive association of change in urinary Na/K ratio with hypertension and change in systolic and diastolic BP can be explained by a change in alcohol intake, BMI, and urinary Na/K ratio.

Key messages
Measuring the urinary Na/K ratio in community settings is a potential population approach for counteracting hypertension.
946HIV prevalence and common risk factors in three at-risk populations in Vietnam
Authors: Lee Patricia Chiaotzu , Docrat Ashraf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite the continuing decline of HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in the general population of Vietnam, HIV rates remains high in three key subpopulations: injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSWs). This study aims to identify the common sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors among three key populations for HIV infection in Vietnam.

Methods
This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise findings from published studies on HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among the three at-risk groups. Five electronic databases were used to identify peer-reviewed articles in relevant topics. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to estimate pooled prevalence in the combined study population and to determine the effect sizes of the common risk factors on HIV outcome.

Results
Of the 18 included studies, 6 focused on IDUs, 8 on FSWs and 4 on MSM, accounting for a total of 16,304 participants. The overall prevalence of HIV among the three at-risk groups based on meta-analysis was 11.8% (95%CI: 0.072-0.188). The identified common risk behaviours for HIV infection included injecting drug use (OR: 21.3, 95%CI: 6.5-69.3), sharing injecting equipment (OR: 4.2, 95%CI: 2.1-8.2) and inconsistent condom use (OR: 2.6, 95%CI: 1.5-4.4). The associated socio-demographic characteristics with HIV (+) included young age, single/ unmarried, low education and income.

Conclusions/Key messages
The findings of this study suggested that injecting drug use may can contribute to developing more affective prevention measures targeting these high-risk groups and reducing the risk of HIV transmission to the general population.
1240Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome and Depression: no mediation by parental depression and parenting
Authors: Lepe Alexander , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Almansa Josué , de Winter Andrea F. , de Kroon Marlou L.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We assessed to what extent parental depression and parenting style mediate the relationships between different measures of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and both depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents, and whether these mechanisms differ by sex.

Methods
Data were from the prospective multigenerational Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. Our sample consisted of 1,217 adolescents with an average follow-up of 33.3 (SD = 7.33) months and a median baseline age of 13 (IQR:13-14) years. We used structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect effects of SES on baseline and changes at follow-up in both depression and MetS, and to assess moderation by sex.

Results
Parental education had a small direct effect on adolescent cMetS. For each additional year of education, cMetS scores were 0.098 (95%CI: 0.020; 0.184) units lower at baseline and decreased 0.079 (95%CI: 0.004; 0.158) units at follow-up. No indirect effects via parenting style or parental depression were found, and there was no moderation by sex. Additionally, parenting style was consistently associated with baseline cMetS and depression, and improvements in parenting style were consistently associated with decreasing depression scores.

Conclusions
The results indicate that improving parenting style may improve health for all adolescents. However, in this study parental depression and parenting style did not account for adolescent socioeconomic health inequalities. This may be partly due to good access to social services within the Netherlands.

Key messages
Improvements in parenting style may improve adolescent health. Additionally, pathways to counteract socioeconomic differences require further elucidation.
1313Is private rental instability bad for mental health?
Authors: Li Ang , Bentley Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
People in the private rental sector move more than people in other tenures. Yet we know little about the consequences for health of this instability. We are the first to use a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Australians (2000-2018) to causally examine mental health effects of residential instability for a low-income working-aged cohort of private renters.

Methods
Mental health was measured using the SF-36 (MH) and Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10). We examined effects of 1) cumulative time spent in private rental compared with other sectors (homeowner or social housing), 2) total numbers of transitions, and 3) average numbers of transitions within 5 years, using marginal structural models to account for complex confounding of tenure, socio-economic position, and mental health over time.

Results
The mental health of private renters was similar to homeowners at initial occupancy but became worse after one to five years. The more moves private renters made, the worse their mental health, with people who had &gt;five moves in total reporting a -3.77-point (95%CI -6.79; -0.75) difference on MH and -3.84-point difference (95%CI -7.61; -0.07) on K10 (rescaled). If numbers of moves were small, the mental health of private tenants was better than social tenants. When moves were frequent, however, their mental health scores became similar.

Conclusions
Residential instability negatively affects mental health. Frequent moves in private rental worsen tenants’ mental health compared to owners.

Key messages
Reducing housing instability in lower-income households in private rental with greater protection from forced moves will increase resident’s wellbeing.
185Online teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics: where do we go from here?
Authors: Lin Sophia , Craig Adam , Heywood Anita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
There has been a global proliferation of fully online programs in public health. There is a dearth of information on how to best deliver epidemiology and biostatistics education to students studying online. This may be due to the relatively few changes in the teaching of introductory epidemiology and biostatistics over the past several decades. This presentation reflects on our experiences in teaching these subjects. We pose some key research questions that may drive innovation of teaching to better prepare public health graduates.

Findings
Asynchronous online teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics brings both benefits and challenges. Novel methods of engaging students, supporting self-regulation of learning, building communities of practice, and other strategies to encourage active and deep learning need to be identified. Evidence for both student satisfaction and performance from effective online teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics is critical but currently lacking.

Conclusions/Implications
Given the growth in online delivery of tertiary education, evidence is required to determine best practice around quality online teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics. Researchers should use their unique skills in causal thinking to innovate methodologies to support evidence-based and quality assured teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics.

Key messages
The teaching of epidemiology and biostatistics is an essential part of ensuring a skilled public health workforce. Educational research should prioritise effective teaching strategies suited to the online learning environment and future-proof programs for online delivery.
682Do job stressor—mental health relationships vary by migrant status? An Australian comparative analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , LaMontagne Anthony , Bowe Steven , Li Lin , Too Lay San 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Migrants may be more likely to experience occupational health inequities (OHIs) than native-born workers due to higher occupational exposure, higher vulnerability to exposure-associated health impacts, or both. This study explores migrant status-related differences in vulnerability to job stressor exposures in terms of mental health in Australia.

Methods
Data were from wave 14 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Migrant status was defined by country of birth (COB), the dominant language of COB, and the years since arrival in Australia. Job stressors included skill discretion, decision authority, and job insecurity. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 score (MHI-5). Data were analysed using linear regression, adjusting for gender, age, and education. Migrant status was analysed as the effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships.

Results
As expected, skill discretion and decision authority were positively, while job insecurity was negatively associated with the MHI-5 score. However, there was no statistical evidence of migrant status acting as an effect modifier of job stressor—mental health relationships even though the dominant language of COB and years since arrival in Australia have been taken into account.

Conclusions
The magnitudes of job stressor—mental health relationships do not differ between migrant workers and Australia-born workers.

Key messages
Differential exposure rather than differential vulnerability is a more important mechanism for generating occupational mental health inequities between migrants and Australian-born workers. Reducing job stressor exposures could reduce the OHIs among migrant workers in Australia.
300Association between rs2231142 of ABCG2 and gout, hyperuricemia and uric acid: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lukkunaprasit Thitiya , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Turongkaravee Saowalak , Ingsathit Atiporn , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Genome-wide association studies showed that rs2231142 (C421A) of ABCG2 gene has strong effects on gout and uric acid (UA). However, replication studies showed conflicting results. We aimed to pool effects of rs2231142 on gout, hyperuricemia, and UA across studies.

Methods
Studies were located from MEDLINE and Scopus until 17th June 2018. Data extractions were performed by two independent reviewers. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was checked. Genotype effects were pooled by ethnicity using mixed-effect logistic model for gout and hyperuricemia and multivariate meta-analysis for UA. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s tests.

Results
Thirty studies were eligible; 21, 5, and 8 studies assessed association between rs2231142 and gout, hyperuricemia, and UA, respectively. Carrying AA and CA genotypes were 3.2 (2.4, 4.4) and 1.6 (1.5, 1.8) higher odds to develop gout in Caucasians. Likewise, in Asians, the ORs for corresponding genotypes were 4.5 (4.1, 5.0) and 2.1 (2.0, 2.3) for gout; 2.3 (1.8, 2.8) and 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) for hyperuricemia. Mean differences of UA in Caucasians carrying AA and CA were 50.4 (32.7, 68.2) and 19.5 (14.2, 24.7) µmol/l compared with those carrying CC genotype while in Asians, they were 18.4 (8.7, 28.1) and 11.5 (4.1, 18.9) µmol/l, respectively. Additive gene effects were suggested.

Conclusions
Significant effects of rs2231142 on gout, hyperuricemia, and elevated UA were confirmed. Our findings should be useful in personalized risk scores for prediction of gout and diseases related to high UA.

Key messages
rs2231142 increased the risk of gout and UA in Asians and Caucasians