bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of contaminant concentration using the classification-based model integrated with data preprocessing algorithms
Authors: Pipelzadeh Saeed , Mastouri Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Water quality is one of the most important factors contributing to a healthy life; meanwhile, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) are the most important parameters in water quality, and many water developing plans have been implemented for the recognition of these factors. The accurate prediction of water quality parameters (WQPs) is an essential requisite for water quality management, human health, public consumption, and domestic uses. Using three novel data preprocessing algorithms (DPAs), including empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble EMD (EEMD), and variational mode decomposition (VMD) to estimate two important WQPs, TDS and EC, differentiates this study from the existing literature. The acceptability and reliability of the proposed models (e.g., model tree (MT), EMD-MT, EEMD-MT, and VMD-MT) were evaluated using five performance metrics and visual plots. A comparison of the performances of standalone and hybrid models indicated that DPAs can enhance the performance of standalone MT model for both TDS and EC estimations. For instance, the VMD-MT model (root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 24.41 mg/l, ratio of RMSE to SD (RSD) = 0.231, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (Ens) = 0.94 (Garmrood) and RMSE = 31.85 mg/l, RSD = 0.133, and Ens = 0.98 (Varand)) outperformed other hybrid models and original MT models for TDS estimations. Regarding the EC estimation results, as for R2, VMD could enhance the accuracy of prediction for the MT model for Garmrood and Varand stations by 10.2 and 7.6%, respectively.
Assessment of phytoplankton community structure and water quality in the Hongmen Reservoir
Authors: Liu Chenwei , Sun Xu , Su Lianghu , Cai Jinbang , Zhang Longjiang , Guo Liyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To find effective measures to control the water quality of the Hongmen Reservoir, it is necessary to better understand its phytoplankton composition, abundance and spatial and temporal distribution. Samples were collected at three sampling sites in January (dry season), May (wet season) and September (normal season) in 2019. Trophic level and stability status were assessed on the basis of the Shannon diversity index (H), species richness (S) and evenness (J) index. The different relationships between phytoplankton and the concentrations of several physicochemical parameters and the main soluble nutrients were evaluated by statistical tests. The results showed that there were 75 species belonging to seven groups of phytoplankton, including Chlorophyta (44 species), Bacillariophyta (12 species), Cyanophyta (9 species) and others (10 species). The phytoplankton community composition belongs to the Chlorophyta–Bacillariophyta–Cyanobacteria type structure; and Microcystis, Anabaena azotica Ley, Aphanizomenon, Melosira granulata were the main contributors to the dissimilarities in the temporal distributions of their communities. The phytoplankton density ranged from 4.42 × 106 to 8.99 × 106 particles/L, with an average of 6.45 × 106 particles/L, and the biomass was 4.42 × 106 ∼ 8.99 × 106 particles/L, with an average of 6.45 × 106 particles/L. The variation ranges of the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), Margalef index (D) and Pielou evenness index (J) were 2.05 ∼ 2.85, 4.12 ∼ 6.60 and 0.61–0.78, respectively. This research shows that the water in the Hongmen Reservoir is clean and that the pollution level is light. The correlation analysis shows that total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen are the main factors affecting phytoplankton community structure in the Hongmen Reservoir.
System for controlled distribution of non-demand-covering water availability: concept, design and modelling
Authors: Walter David , Klingel Philipp 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel water supply system to distribute limited water resources with varying quantity. The system enables a controlled, planned and, thus, fair distribution of the water availability independently from the consumption patterns. The system input is transported by gravitation through a branched pipe system to decentralised storage tanks. Each storage tank is allocated to a supply unit which comprises several consumers and, possibly, distribution structures connecting the consumers and the tank. At every junction the water is divided by a distribution tank with several chambers that are separated by weir overflows. Water that is not consumed is redistributed in the system automatically. The concept, the components, planning criteria and system design as well as the system modelling are described within the paper. The application of the solution in a supply area located in northern Vietnam is outlined.
Polityka socjalna i sytuacja ludzi w podeszłym wieku
Authors: Krajewski Piotr 
Published: January 2021

We have observed great interest in the phenomenon of aging of the population and its consequences. On the hand, all who are much younger should learn how to grow old taking into account that the phenomenon of life is a dynamic process and it is not connected with the present day but the future which will come very fast, that is why, it should not find us unprepared.
Some attention is paid to the problem of aging and social duty of securing old people a decent existence. It requires a change of consciousness regarding old people as well as their own consciousness. It is known that education is a constant process which is based on a fundamental human right to self-realisation. It contributes to global development of society which we are a part of.Human personal life becomes a subject of economic manipulation, thus , next to global and clear policy directed to old people, which is a central part of the family policy, increasing activity of the private people and local institutions in using and regaining educational values of the old person presence in family and social life is suggested.
pH-Dependent Release Matrix Oral Formulation of Prussian Blue to Improve its Efficacy as an Internal Decorporation Agent
Authors: Agrawal Vaishali , Sandal Nidhi , Singh Ajay K. , Pathak Dharam Pal 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Prussian Blue (PB) is available as conventional release dosage form “Radiogardase”
with effective daily dose of 3-10 g (very high). The target site is the duodenum, where
it inhibits the enterohepatic circulation of Cs & Tl ions, enhancing their fecal excretion.

Objective:
To enhance efficacy, target release, reduce the dose and side effects, oral pH-dependent
matrix formulation of PB based on in-situ gelation of sodium alginate along with calcium salts was
formulated and evaluated.

Methods:
Different combinations of matrix granules were formulated and optimized. The optimized
one was compressed using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (Pvp K30) in different batches and optimized.
Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to assess in-vitro binding efficacy of formulation
to thallium using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The proof of concept i.e., drug release in the duodenum
was studied through pharmacoscintigraphy using radiolabeled formulation in rabbits.

Results:
The optimized granules showed no drug release in an acidic medium for 2 h whereas complete
empty of the basket in a basic medium within 30-60 minutes. The matrix tablet formulation
with Pvp K30 (10% w/w) was optimized with desired hardness and optimum in-vitro release profile.
The release data fitted to various linear kinetic models, Hixson-Crowell r2 (0.9906) best fit,
confirmed the erosion-based release mechanism. The maximum binding capacity (MBC) was
found significantly higher (89.60 mg Tl/g formulation) than that of PB API (65.90 mg Tl /g PB
API). Pharmacoscintigraphic images confirmed intact formulation in the stomach up to 2h and
burst release in intestine thereafter.

Conclusion:
The results exemplify oral pH dependent PB matrix formulation which achieved desirable target release at
duodenum and in-vitro binding efficacy towards Tl ion was appreciable.
Digital Mammograms with Image Enhancement Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suradi Saifullah Harith , Abdullah Kamarul Amin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Digital mammograms with appropriate image enhancement techniques
will improve breast cancer detection, and thus increase the survival rates. The objectives of this
study were to systematically review and compare various image enhancement techniques in digital
mammograms for breast cancer detection.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted with the use of three online databases namely, Web of
Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Developed keywords strategy was used to include only the relevant
articles. A Population Intervention Comparison Outcomes (PICO) strategy was used to develop
the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Image quality was analyzed quantitatively based on peak
signal-noise-ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE),
Entropy, and Contrast Improvement Index (CII) values.

Results:
Nine studies with four types of image enhancement techniques were included in this
study. Two studies used histogram-based, three studies used frequency-based, one study used
fuzzy-based and three studies used filter-based techniques. All studies reported PSNR values
whilst only four studies reported MSE, AMBE, Entropy, and CII values. Filter-based was the highest
PSNR values of 78.93, among other types. For MSE, AMBE, Entropy, and CII values, the highest
were frequency-based (7.79), fuzzy-based (93.76), filter-based (7.92), and frequency-based
(6.54) respectively.

Conclusion:
In summary, image quality for each image enhancement technique is varied, especially
for breast cancer detection. In this study, the frequency-based of Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform
(FDCT) via the UnequiSpaced Fast Fourier Transform (USFFT) shows the most superior
among other image enhancement techniques.
Antimicrobial Activity ofColeus forskohlii Fractions, Isolation and Characterization
of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Yonus M. Abo , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Kilany Mona , Wiggers Frank 
Published: January 2021

Background:
It is known that medicinal plants represent promising candidates against
many species of pathogenic bacteria. The south area of Saudi Arabia “Asir region” has a unique
habitat and its medicinal plant's composition is still nearly unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the
present work is to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii fractions and to identify
the major active compounds.

Methods:
The total plant extract was partitioned by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol.
Agar well diffusion was assessed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the plant fractions
against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and Candida albicans. Successive column chromatography
was performed to isolate the major metabolites. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined
by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Results:
All plant fractions showed significant antimicrobial potential activities against the tested
pathogens, where ethyl acetate exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by petroleum
ether then n-butanol. From the n-butanol fraction, thymoquinol-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated
while syringic acid (2), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (3), and luteolin (4) were assigned
from the ethyl acetate fraction.

Conclusion:
The antimicrobial assays revealed that ethyl acetate was the most potent fraction and
the major abundant metabolites of C. forskohlii, thymoquinol-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), syringic
acid (2), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (3), and luteolin (4) were isolated herein for the first
time.
The Neuroprotective Properties, Functions, and Roles of Cannabis sativa in Selected Diseases Related to the Nervous System
Authors: Mahdi Onesimus , Baharuldin Mohamad T.H. , Nor Nurul Huda M. , Chiroma Samaila M. , Jagadeesan Saravanan , Moklas Mohamad A.M. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Cannabis and its extracts are now being explored due to their huge health
benefits. Although, the effect they elicit, whether on humans or rodents, may vary based on the
age of the animal/subject and or the time in which the extract is administered. However, several debates
exist concerning the various medical applications of these compounds. Nonetheless, their applicability
as therapeutics should not be clouded based on their perceived negative biological actions.

Methods::
Articles from reliable databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus,
and Ovid were searched. Specific search methods were employed using multiple keywords:
‘‘Medicinal Cannabis; endocannabinoid system; cannabinoids receptors; cannabinoids and cognition;
brain disorders; neurodegenerative diseases’’. For the inclusion/exclusion criteria, only relevant
articles related to medicinal Cannabis and its various compounds were considered.

Results::
The current review highlights the role, effects, and involvement of Cannabis, cannabinoids,
and endocannabinoids in preventing selected neurodegenerative diseases and possible
amelioration of cognitive impairments. Furthermore, it also focuses on Cannabis utilization in
many disease conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease among others.

Conclusion::
In conclusion, the usage of Cannabis should be further explored as accumulating evidence
suggests that it could be effective and somewhat safe, especially when adhered to the
recommended dosage. Furthermore, in-depth studies should be conducted in order to unravel the
specific mechanism underpinning the involvement of cannabinoids at the cellular level and their
therapeutic applications.
The Effect of “High-ankle Sprain” Taping on Ankle Syndesmosis Congruity: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lamer Stéphanie , Hébert-Davies Jonah , Dubé Vincent , Leduc Stéphane , Sandman Émilie , Ménard Jérémie , Nault Marie-Lyne 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Different treatment options exist for dynamically unstable purely ligamentous syndesmotic injury, including surgery, walking boot, brace and taping.

Objective:
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-ankle sprain taping (ring taping) on syndesmotic stability in various ligament conditions when axial loading is applied.

Methods:
This controlled cadaveric laboratory study included ten cadaveric specimens installed in a custom-made device applying 750N of axial loading in order to simulate weight-bearing. Sectioning of syndesmotic ligaments, AiTFL and IOL, was done sequentially and CT scan images were taken with and without high-ankle sprain taping. A validated measurement system consisting of 3 lengths and 1 angle was used. Results were compared with Wilcoxon tests for paired samples and non-parametric data.

Results:
In every ligament condition (intact vs. cut), no statistically significant difference was observed between specimens, with or without high-ankle sprain taping and with or without axial loading. When the data from ankles with AiTFL and IOL ruptures were compared, the mean for length “b” without axial loading was 7.19 (±2.17), compared to 7.20 (±1.98) with axial loading (p-value = 0.905). With taping and the leg still in axial loading, the value was 7.17 (±2.09) (p-value = 0.721), which is not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
It is impossible to conclude regarding high-ankle sprain taping’s capacity to maintain syndesmosis congruity because no significant difference was observed, regardless of condition. The most important finding is that high-ankle sprain taping did not cause malreduction of the injured syndesmosis.

Level of Evidence:
Level V cadaveric study
Synthesis of New Chiral N-alkyl Betti-base Ligands via One-Pot Three Component Strategy
Authors: Ganesh Siva , Sarika Kondabatini , Reddy Pedavenkatagari Narayana , Padmaja Pannala 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Betti base derivatives were employed as chiral ligands or as chiral auxiliaries
in asymmetric transformations. In particular, N-alkyl Betti base derivatives are gaining importance
as excellent ligands in asymmetric reactions. However, no appropriate method exists for
regioselective N-alkylation of Betti base. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new protocol
for the regioselective N-alkylation of chiral Betti-base.

Methods:
An efficient method has been developed for one-pot synthesis of chiral N-alkyl Bettibase
ligands from (S)-(+)-Betti base, arylglyoxals and cyclic 1,3-C,N-binucleophiles under catalyst-
free conditions.

Results:
The chiral N-alkyl Betti-base ligands were obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
This method is rapid, clean and does not require a catalyst or chromatographic purification.

Conclusion:
We have developed an efficient one-pot three component strategy for the synthesis of
new chiral N-alkyl Betti-base ligands from (S)-(+)-Betti base, arylglyoxals and cyclic 1,3-C,Nbinucleophiles
in the absence of a catalyst.
PLATELET RICH PLASMA (PRP) DARI LIMBAH DARAH SAPI SEBAGAI OBAT LUKA BAKAR PADA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ardhiansyah Rahmad Dwi , Baihaqie Riefky Pradipta , Naufal Muhammad Nuriy Nuha , Farma Nanda Muhamad Atabika , Maharani Aprilia , Fibrianto Yuda Heru 
Published: January 2021

Luka bakar adalah kerusakan jaringan pada kulit akibat terpajan panas tinggi, bahan kimiawi maupun arus listrik. Salah satu hewan yang disembelih di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) adalah sapi. Seekor sapi dapat menghasilkan limbah darah kurang lebih sebanyak 28 liter. Komponen darah terdiri dari plasma, sel darah merah, sel darah putih dan platelet. Platelet mengandung growth factor. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) atau plasma yang kaya akan platelet terbukti dapat mempercepat penyembuhan tulang dan jaringan lunak. Pembuatan PRP dari darah sapi dilakukan dengan metode sentrifuge. Hewan coba yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah tikus putih sebanyak 10 ekor. Besi panas berbentuk bulat dipanaskan dengan api, lalu ditempelkan pada kulit. Kelompok perlakuan diberi PRP dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% dengan salep vaselin album, kelompok kontrol negatif yang tidak diberi perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol positif yang diberi obat yang terbuat dari ekstrak plasenta sapi 10%+neomycin sulfate 0,5%. Parameter yang dipakai untuk mengukur tingkat kesembuhan luka adalah waktu kesembuhan dan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Pada hasil pengukuran waktu kesembuhan dianalisis dengan metode statistik One-way Analsisis of variance (Anova) tingkat signifikansi 95% dengan Kruskal-wallis, kesembuhan luka terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara PRP konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 30%, dan kontrol positif dengan kontrol negatif. Konsentrasi PRP yang optimal adalah 20%. Analisa tipe jaringan yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparat histopatologi, hasil menunjukkan bahwa luka pada kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol positif tampak sembuh, sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif epitelisasi belum tertutup jelas. PRP merupakan obat penyembuh luka bakar yang efektif sebagai pengganti obat komersil yang sudah tersedia.
Eurasian Vector of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Korea: the Factor of Central Asia
Authors: Bulanakova M. A. 
Published: January 2021

The article studies the role of cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Central Asian countries in the context of a continental strategy for Korea’s New Northern policy. The authors consider the main political discourses of the continental policy of the Republic of Korea, such as the problem of resolving the “Korean issue”, the problem of balancing interests in the East Asian region, and the problem of diversifying traditional partnerships. Korea’s foreign policy is interpreted within the framework of the “middle power” concept. An important part of the study is the analysis of cooperation between RoK and Central Asia both on a multilateral and bilateral basis. It is obvious that uneven two-way interaction of Korea with the Central Asian countries, encourages the RoK to implement specific projects relevant to the partners, at the same time, the RoK uses multilateral cooperation, to predict the cooperation prospects in the most relevant areas of cooperation — health, environment, digital policy. Attracting data of the current situation in the region and the world, the author notes important changes in the foreign policy of RoK, first of all, the ODA strengthening as an important tool for strengthening Korea in a specific region, as an important resource for solving problems of the pandemic COVID-19 impact. As the research result, the author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of the Eurasian vector in Korea’s foreign policy is a natural and necessary condition for the further development of Korea as a regional and global player. Cooperation with Central Asia is a priority resource for developing RoK’s international influence and an important component of the new Northern policy.
О приближении средними Фейера классов аналитических периодических функций
Authors: Ровенская Ольга Геннадиевна , Новиков Олег Александрович 
Published: January 2021

Работа посвящена вопросам приближения периодических функций высокой гладкости средними арифметическими сумм Фурье. Наиболее естественным и простым примером линейного процесса аппроксимации периодических непрерывных функций действительной переменной является приближение елементами последовательности частичных сумм ряда Фурье. Известно, что последовательности частичных сумм ряда Фурье не являются равномерно сходящимися на всем пространстве $C$ $2\pi$-периодических непрерывных функций. Поэтому значительное число работ данного направления посвящено изучению аппроксимативных свойств других методов приближения, которые для заданной функции $f$ образуются с помощью некоторых преобразований частичных сумм ее ряда Фурье, и позволяют построить последовательности тригонометрических полиномов, которые равномерно сходятся для каждой функции $f \in C$. В частности, на протяжении последних десятилетий интенсивно изучаются суммы Валле Пуссена и суммы Фейера. В настоящее время в публикациях этой тематики накоплено значительное количество фактического материала. Одним из наиболее важных направлений в этой области является изучение асимптотического поведения верхних граней уклонений средних арифметических сумм Фурье по различным классам периодических функций. Методы исследования интегральных представлений уклонений тригонометрических полиномов, которые порождаются линейными методами суммирования рядов Фурье, возникли и получили свое развитие в работах С.М.~Никольского, С.Б.~Стечкина, Н.П.~Корнейчука, В.К. Дзядыка и их учеников.Целью работы является систематизация известных результатов, касающихся приближения классов периодических функций высокой гладкости средними арифметическими сумм Фурье, и представление новых фактов, полученных для их частных случаев.В работе изучено аппроксимативные свойства сумм Фейера на классах периодических функций, которые можно регулярно продолжить в соответствующую полосу комплексной плоскости. Получена асимптотическая формула для верхних граней уклонений в равномерной метрике сумм Фейера на классах интегралов Пуассона. Полученная формула обеспечивает решение соответствующей задачи Колмогорова-Никольского без дополнительных условий.