bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control
Authors: Odularu Ayodele T. , Ajibade Peter A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this review study was to assess the past significant events on diabetes mellitus, transformations that took place over the years in the medical records of treatment, countries involved, and the researchers who brought about the revolutions. This study used the content analysis to report the existence of diabetes mellitus and the treatments provided by researchers to control it. The focus was mainly on three main types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and type 3 diabetes). Ethical consideration has also helped to boost diabetic studies globally. The research has a history path from pharmaceuticals of organic-based drugs to metal-based drugs with their nanoparticles in addition to the impacts of nanomedicine, biosensors, and telemedicine. Ongoing and future studies in alternative medicine such as vanadium nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles) are promising.
Seasonal color matching method of ornamental plants in urban landscape construction
Authors: Wang Dayan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Traditional seasonal color matching methods of ornamental plants only study the color attributes of plants, but not through qualitative and quantitative research on seasonal color matching of plants, resulting in imperfect matching methods. Five landscape units were selected from five representative streets in Harbin, namely, Central Avenue, Gogoli, Zhongshan Road, Xinyang Road, and Huanghe Road. Seasonal periods of Harbin from 2014 to 2018 were defined using the difference in seasonal time division and duration characteristics by the method of climate temperature division, and the beginning time of each season in 2019 was deduced. Meanwhile, according to the NCS color value data of each species in different seasons and the length of each season, the seasonal color matching results of each landscape unit case were established. The results of seasonal color matching of each landscape unit case were evaluated by weighted method. The results showed that the richer the NCS color value of plant species ornamental traits in plant landscape, the more the color seasonal encounter of ornamental traits and the longer the duration, the better the matching results of plant seasonal color. Based on the research results, the NCS color value and its ornamental period of ornamental characters of plant species, the color matching scheme of landscape color, and the selection of plant species were proposed.
Influence of ultrasonic waves and conventional extraction methods on phenolic compound yield and phytochemical composition from Punica granatum L. peel
Authors: Karunanithi Anbarasi , Venkatachalam Sivakumar , Senrayan Jeeva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to extract phenolic compounds from Punica granatum L. peel and to optimize the process variables. In this study, extraction was carried out using soxhlet, solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Soxhlet extraction of phenolic compounds were reported as 87.31 mg GAE/g dW TPC, 70.30 mg RUE/g dW TFC and 98.68 mg CE/g dW TAC. Solvent extraction found 56.99 mg GAE/g dW, 42.93 mg RUE/g dW and 64.13 mg CE/g dW, while for ultrasonic-assisted extraction it was 77.23 mg GAE/g dW, 62.55 mg RUE/g dW and 91.40 mg CE/g dW of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total amount of anthocyanin content, respectively. The presence of phytochemicals was identified using GC-MS and it was found that the extracts contained high amount of trans-13-Octadecenoic acid which is a cancer preventive compound. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to study the effect of ultrasound on the surface of the sample and understand the morphological changes.
Some Observations on the Study of the History of Cultural Interactions in East Asia
Authors: Huang Chun-chieh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper attempts to incorporate the history of East Asian cultural interactions into the field of regional history, and toward that end proposes that certain subjects to be explored. The paper consists of five sections. Section 1 draws attention to the newer fields of regional history and global history, as distinct from national history, which occupied great academic interest in the twentieth century. Section 2 suggests a new way to study regional history: shifting our focus from the results of cultural interactions to the process, thus bringing about a paradigm shift in the study of the history of East Asian cultural interactions. Section 3 raises two problematiques in the proposed field of regional history: the mutual influence between self and other, and that between culture and the power structure. Section 4 proposes three types of exchange for further research: (1) exchanges of persons (especially professional intermediate agents), (2) exchanges of goods (especially books), and (3) exchanges of thought. The last section concludes that, with the rising of East Asian countries on the world stage in the twenty-first century, the state-centered style of historical study will be redirected to a broader East Asian perspective. By redefining the history of East Asian cultural interactions as regional history, we will be able to undertake the important task of revisiting and reconsidering on our traditional cultures.
Translating Western Concepts by Creating New Characters: A Comparison of Japanese and Chinese Attempts
Authors: Guowei Shen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chinese characters are considered as an adaptable system, open to expansion and revision. Throughout history, the creation of new characters was one of the most important solutions to enlargements of the conceptual repertoire. Both scholars of “Dutch Learning” in Japan and missionaries active in nineteenth- century China used Chinese characters in their translations of western concepts. From a methodological point of view, Japanese scholars mostly coined compound words rendering the literal meanings of their terms of departure while translators in China, invigorated by the success of the new characters devised for chemical elements, believed that drafting new characters was more in line with the characteristics of the Chinese language. However, notwithstanding the painstaking efforts with which they were created, the new characters proposed by missionaries were eventually replaced by compound terms first used in Japanese adaptations. This paper examines the different practices and attitudes of Chinese and Japanese authors toward the creation of new characters as a method of translation. Analyzing the influence of their divergent approaches on the lexical systems of their respective languages, since Chinese has a very limited number of phonetic patterns, I conclude that it is impossible to create viable technical terminologies only by increasing new characters.
Perfect Storm: Climate Change and Tourism
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Ghazanchyan Manuk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the world’s attention is on dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a greater existential threat to vulnerable countries that are highly dependent on a weather-sensitive sector like tourism. Using a multidimensional index, this study investigates the long-term impact of climate change vulnerability on international tourism in a panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1995–2017. Empirical results show that climate vulnerability already has a statistically and economically significant negative effect on international tourism revenues across the region. As extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe over time, our findings indicate that the Caribbean countries need to invest more in adaptation and mitigation in order to reduce vulnerabilities.
Necrosecurity, Immunosupremacy, and Survivorship in the Political Imagination of COVID-19
Authors: Lincoln Martha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The neologism ‘necrosecurity’ describes the cultural idea that mass death among less grievable subjects plays an essential role in maintaining social welfare and public order. In the early months of the novel coronavirus pandemic in the United States, this perspective on the social value of death emerged in diverse contexts, particularly in claims that deaths were a necessary consequence of returning economies to normal. Necrosecurity discourse encourages audiences to perceive coronavirus fatalities as neither preventable nor exceptional, and to perceive themselves as facing little risk of infection or death. Overlooking the realities of infectious disease epidemiology, these accounts portrayed COVID-19 as a mild disease and imagined a population of robust and physically normative individuals who would survive an epidemic unscathed and ready to return to work. These appeals articulate with powerful cultural tropes of survivorship, in which statistical calculations of relative risk and life chances—ostensibly cited to inspire hope for an individual outcome—conceal a zero-sum calculus in which ill or susceptible individuals are pitted against one another. In contrast to the construct of biosecurity—the securing of collective life against risk—necrosecurity paradoxically imagines the deaths of vulnerable others as a means of managing shared existential dangers.
Study of safety and efficacy of injection ferric carboxymaltose in iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Authors: Jain Amrita , Asrani Sonia S. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Iron deficiency is a common nutritional deficiency amongst women of childbearing age. Peri-partum iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with significant maternal, fetal and infant morbidity. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) may be better tolerated than the conventional blood transfusions and oral iron supplements. The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of IDA correction with intravenous (I.V.) FCM in pregnant women with mild, moderate and severe anemia in their second and third trimesters and their post-partum period. Methods: Prospective observational study; Treatment effectiveness was assessed by repeat hemoglobin (Hb) measurements and patient report of well-being in the postpartum period. Safety was assessed by analysis of adverse drug reactions and fetal heart rate monitoring during the infusion.Results: Intravenous FCM infusion significantly increased Hb values above baseline levels in all women. Fetal heart rate monitoring did not indicate a drug related negative impact on the fetus. No serious adverse effects were found Conclusions: Our prospective data is consistent with existing observational reports of the safe and effective use of ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in peri-partum period.
Histopathological study of epithelial ovarian tumors with special reference to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/NEU and CA-125 expression
Authors: Barbhuiya Shobnam Bahar , Debnath Ananya , Deka Monoj Kumar , Sheikh Shah Alam 
Published: May 2021

Background: Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the tissue expression of HER-2/NEU and CA-125 in various epithelial ovarian carcinoma and assess the prognostic significance.Methods: A retrospective study was done in 76 cases of ovarian tumor. IHC was done in 16 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer with HER-2/NEU and CA-125.Results: Total number of cases were 76. Out of these 76 cases, 22 cases were malignant. 16 cases were malignant epithelial ovarian cancer. The highest incidence of malignant tumor was seen in the 41-50 years age group with 9 cases (11.84%). Out of 11 serous adenocarcinoma, 9 cases (81.8%) showed tissue expression of CA-125 and rest 2 cases (18.18%) did not show expression. All the 5 cases (100%) of mucinous adenocarcinoma did not show any tissue expression of CA-125. HER-2/NEU expression was positive in 7 out of 16 cases that is 43.75% and negative expression was seen in 9 out of 16 cases that is 56.25% of cases. Maximum HER-2/NEU positivity is seen among grade 3 tumors, that is (62.5%) (5 out of 8 cases). Conclusions: The incidence of epithelial ovarian tumors are more common. The tissue expression of CA-125 on malignant epithelial ovarian tumors was studied, which showed positive expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas, but not in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. HER-2/NEU expression was seen to be increasing with advanced grade of the tumors.
Study of inspiratory lung function parameters in Indian children
Authors: Kale Sudeep H. , Deshpande Mangala , Thatkar Pandurang V. , Chaudhari Sandip S. , Deshpande Manisha S. 
Published: May 2021

Background: The inspiratory parameters of pulmonary function test commonly used for various purposes in clinical practice including diagnosing airway obstruction. Expiratory portion of the flow volume loop of the pulmonary function test is studied in detail. The prediction equations for expiratory parameters are available for different population. However, the reference equation for inspiratory parameters is not available in Indian context. The current study derived the prediction equation for inspiratory parameters of pulmonary function test.Methods: The current study was carried out in school going 732 healthy girls and 1377 boys aged 6-15 years in India. The children who meet the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study after detailed medical examination by registered medical practitioner. The lung function parameters were recorded by spirometry. The multivariate regression analysis was done to develop the prediction model.Results: The prediction equation for predicting inspiratory parameter were developed. This study revealed gender-wise and geographical variation in the inspiratory parameters. Hence this study recommends to derive gender wise prediction equations. The reference equations derived in this study can be used in population with similar background.Conclusions: Use of these equations for population having similar backgrounds will help for early and accurate diagnosis of the airway abnormalities in children. The inspiratory parameter assessment shall be included in the routine assessment of respiratory patient.
Association of total bilirubin levels with acute coronary syndrome and other risk factors: an observational study
Authors: Verma Shubhangi , Kamble Omkar 
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to clinical symptoms pertaining to acute myocardial infarction. Bilirubin is an antioxidant that helps in removal of excessive heme. The aim of the study was to find the association of ACS and other risk factors for ACS with the total bilirubin levels in our setup.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 100 cases attending the department of medicine in a Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, Maharashtra. Patients fitting the eligibility criteria were subjected to data collection which was done using pre-designed case record form. The case record form had details of demography, detailed clinical history, physical examination and relevant investigations.Results: The mean age of the cases was 55.64±10.23 years with male preponderance. Majority of the patients presented with chest pain (83%) followed by shortness of breath (65%) and nausea/vomiting (33%). There was moderate significant correlation between total bilirubin levels and LDL levels (r=0.703; p value<0.001) and There was mild significant correlation between total bilirubin levels and TGs (r=0.403, p value<0.001) Based on the median value of 0.48 as cut off, 33% had bilirubin levels more than 0.48. Presence of diabetes and hyperlipidemias had significant association with the total bilirubin levels.Conclusions: Nearly 1/3rd of the patients in our study had high bilirubin levels. Higher bilirubin levels correlated well with presence of diabetes and presence of hyperlipidemias. There was significant correlation between the serum LDL and TG levels with total bilirubin levels in the present study.
Take a Ride on Credibility: The Role of Brand Personality in Users’ Loyalty to Virtual Brands in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Moreno Lucas , Demo Gisela , Rocha Thelma Valéria , Scussel Fernanda 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Although the sharing economy is a global phenomenon, being a path to create international brands with a worldwide customer reach, the relationship between virtual brands and users’ in this new sector remains underexplored, leading us to investigate the relation between brand personality and users’ loyalty to virtual brands.Method: Survey with 580 users of ride apps, using structural equation modeling to test the prediction of brand personality on user’s loyalty.Results: The present research depicts the intangible aspects of the relationship between users and brands in the digital environment, revealing the personality traits of virtual brands and the impact on customer loyalty in the context of the sharing economy. Credibility and audacity are the most prominent characteristics of virtual brands, being credibility, reflecting the users’ trust in the brand, the main driver of loyalty.Contributions: These findings contribute to the relationship marketing body of knowledge; in a sense, it provides information about how customers relate to their favorite virtual brands and indicates an antecedent of relationship marketing. Customer brand relationship studies also benefit from our results since we suggest important factors that enable positive associations about a brand in consumers’ minds.Relevance/Originality: This study represents a seminal step in investigating the relational aspects of the interaction between users and virtual brands in the sharing economy, which has brought the need to rethink brand management and brand positioning in the context of virtual brands.
Palliative Care in Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Coghlan Rachel 
Published: May 2021

Palliative care and humanitarian action share fundamental goals to relieve suffering and uphold dignity; and both hold an ethical root in the recognition of our common suffering in illness and dying, our compassionate action in response to suffering, and our common humanity. The parallels in goals and ethos should make universal application of palliative care in humanitarian crises a norm, but in humanitarian practice today this is not the case.
There is growing consciousness of the imperative to integrate palliative care into humanitarian response. Compassionate palliative care is steeped in humanitarian history, norms and ethics. ‘Small but potent’ acts of compassion are a profound and far-reaching element of palliative care response that can be delivered no matter how scarce the resources. In addition to meeting a neglected need, the broader practice of ‘small but potent’ acts of compassionate palliative care may serve to remind humanitarian actors of the very essence of a humane response and offer a radical reclaiming of the roots of humanitarianism.
Humanitarian Disaster Response
Authors: Rosario Henry 
Published: May 2021

Communities the world over continue to be alarmingly vulnerable to natural hazards, leading to no shortage of devastating consequences. Whether or not climate change brings forth an increasingly ferocious variety of hazards, actors involved in disaster response will still face a multiplicity of challenges to delivering lifesaving aid. For instance, humanitarian organizations sometimes face the challenge of overcoming the reluctance of disaster affected states to accept their assistance. When disasters extensively overwhelm state capacity the refusal of external assistance can have serious ramifications for those affected. Despite the stakes, research surrounding aid rejection in these contexts is limited. This analysis sheds more light on why aid rejection occurs and highlights to humanitarian organizations and other researchers the fundamental considerations to develop an understanding on this subject.
A synthesis of existing research on disaster response reveals the very tangible political risk that disaster affected states face when engaging with international offers of assistance. It is in the effort to mitigate this political risk to their legitimacy that states may ultimately decide to reject aid. A few key state characteristics such as response capacity, level of external intervention and domestic politics may also amplify this risk, resulting in a higher likelihood that external aid is rejected. This analysis engages with these factors to determine their validity and relevancy to humanitarian practitioners seeking to develop the appropriateorganizational strategies.
In an effort to better understand aid rejection a disaster dataset was developed based on the concept that disasters with higher visibility on the international scene present a higher level of political risk for an affected state, and therefore have the highest likelihood of resulting in cases of aid rejection. However, in analysing disasters that met this criterion over a 10 year period the research found no instances whereexternal aid was universally and indiscriminately rejected. This is not to say that there were no cases where an affected state rejected assistance from a particular party but that even in these instances those states did accept aid from some other source.
The implication of these findings is that states affected by natural borne disasters are likely to accept external offers of assistance so long as those offers carry a manageable level of political risk. Humanitarian organizations should therefore consider how they can mitigate the political risk they might present to an affected state as part of their disaster response strategy.
Revolutionary Development: Why Humanitarian and Development Aid Need Radical Shifts
Authors: Sonrexa Juhi 
Published: May 2021

A new vision for international development has been called for, and evidence indicates that the industry is experiencing broad fragmentation in terms of identified priorities, challenges, concerns and paths forward. It has most notably struggled to share power with local and national counterparts and truly embody the principles of participatory development. Meanwhile, the rate and intensity of existential crises threaten to overtake humanity’s ability to adapt.
To replace deeply entrenched, unhelpful patterns (assumptions, behaviours and values) requires a new kind of thinking inspired and informed by transcendent learning processes that simultaneously lead to individual and collaborative action and transformation. This paper provides an argument which stresses the need for a seismic shift, from the still dominant underpinnings of modernism mindsets and patriarchal thought-forms towards a relational or participative consciousness that reflects feminist values and the deeply interconnected world that we live within.