bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for 30-day in-hospital mortality for in-patient with stroke in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ackah Martin , Yeboah Cynthia Osei , Ameyaw Louise 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionWhile individual studies have reported on in-hospital stroke mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the estimates are highly variable and inconclusive, buttressing the need for precise and reliable estimations. To overcome these inconsistencies, a well-structured systematic review and meta-analytical models are necessary. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published systematic review and meta-analysis on risk factors for 30-day mortality for in-hospital patients with stroke in SSA.Method and analysisWe will include all retrospective and prospective facility-based observational studies reporting on the incidence and/or risk factors for in-hospital stroke mortality in SSA. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google scholar and Africa Journal Online (AJOL) will be searched for potentially relevant studies on in-hospital stroke mortality and risk factors in SSA. The search will be limited to studies conducted from January 1990 to December 2020. Two independent authors will screen titles and abstract to find studies that meet the prespecified eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. The incidence of 30-day in hospital stroke mortality will be pooled. Meta-regression will be used to assess the factors associated with in-hospital stroke mortality in SSA. If possible, subgroup analysis will be performed based on subregion, publication year and study design, and quality score to determine possible source of heterogeneity. If possible, a sensitivity analysis will be performed to determine the robustness of the estimates obtained from the meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a secondary research and will use reported data in scientific literature. A full manuscript will be submitted to a reputable peer-review journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021227367.
Status, demand and practice models of palliative day-care clinics and day hospices: a scoping review
Authors: Terjung Teresa , Stiel Stephanie , Schneider Nils , Herbst Franziska A 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about the structure, accessibility, service provision and needs of palliative and hospice day-care in Germany and abroad. Researchers, healthcare providers and policy makers would benefit from a systematic overview.AimThe aim was to identify, describe and summarise available evidence on status, demand and practice models of palliative day-care clinics and day hospices. A secondary aim was to disclose research gaps and present recommendations for clinical practice and future research.DesignThe scoping review followed the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. The analysed publications included studies of varying kinds to describe the current state of the art.Data sourcesUsing a highly sensitive search strategy, the authors searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL and Google Scholar within the publication window of inception to 12 June 2020. An additional hand search of the reference lists of the identified review articles was conducted.ResultsThe authors screened the titles and abstracts of 2643 studies, retrieved 197 full texts and included 32 articles in the review. The review identified nine major themes: (1) the referral process, (2) models of care, (3) patient characteristics, (4) demand, (5) the discharge process, (6) perceptions of services, (7) funding and costs, (8) outcome measurement and (9) education.ConclusionsThere is a need for further research to identify groups of patients who would receive the most benefit from palliative and hospice day-care and to determine any necessary revisions in admission criteria.
A journal for interdisciplinary data science education
Authors: Hazzan Orit , Mike Koby 
Published: July 2021

The
Communications
website, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Orit Hazzan and Koby Mike on the need for a journal to cover data science education exclusively.
RNA Splicing Factors SRRM3 and SRRM4 Distinguish Molecular Phenotypes of Castration-Resistant Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Labrecque Mark P. , Brown Lisha G. , Coleman Ilsa M. , Lakely Bryce , Brady Nicholas J. , Lee John K. , Nguyen Holly M. , Li Dapei , Hanratty Brian , Haffner Michael C. , Rickman David S. , True Lawrence D. , Lin Daniel W. , Lam Hung-Ming , Alumkal Joshi J. , Corey Eva , Nelson Peter S. , Morrissey Colm 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an increasingly common clinical feature arising from cellular plasticity. We recently characterized two mCRPC phenotypes with NE features: androgen receptor (AR)-positive NE-positive amphicrine prostate cancer (AMPC) and AR-negative small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNPC). Here, we interrogated the regulation of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes, and elucidated molecular programs driving AMPC and SCNPC biology. Analysis of prostate cancer cell lines, mCRPC specimens, and LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models detected alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and attenuated REST repressor activity in AMPC and SCNPC. The REST locus was also hypermethylated and REST expression was reduced in SCNPC. While serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (SRRM4) was previously implicated in alternative splicing of REST in mCRPC, we detected SRRM3 expression in REST4-positive, SRRM4-negative AMPC, and SCNPC. In CRPC cell lines, SRRM3 induced alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and exacerbated the expression of REST-repressed genes. Furthermore, SRRM3 and SRRM4 expression defined molecular subsets of AMPC and SCNPC across species and tumor types. Two AMPC phenotypes and three SCNPC phenotypes were characterized, denoted either by REST attenuation and ASCL1 activity or by progressive activation of neuronal transcription factor programs, respectively. These results nominate SRRM3 as the principal REST splicing factor expressed in early NE differentiation and provide a framework to molecularly classify diverse NE phenotypes in mCRPC.

Significance:
This study identifies SRRM3 as a key inducer of cellular plasticity in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine features and delineates distinct neuroendocrine phenotypes to inform therapeutic development and precision medicine applications.
Lentiviral-Driven Discovery of Cancer Drug Resistance Mutations
Authors: Yenerall Paul , Kollipara Rahul K. , Avila Kimberley , Peyton Michael , Eide Christopher A. , Bottomly Daniel , McWeeney Shannon K. , Liu Yan , Westover Kenneth D. , Druker Brian J. , Minna John D. , Kittler Ralf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdentifying resistance mutations in a drug target provides crucial information. Lentiviral transduction creates multiple types of mutations due to the error-prone nature of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Here we optimized and leveraged this property to identify drug resistance mutations, developing a technique we term LentiMutate. This technique was validated by identifying clinically relevant EGFR resistance mutations, then applied to two additional clinical anticancer drugs: imatinib, a BCR-ABL inhibitor, and AMG 510, a KRAS G12C inhibitor. Novel deletions in BCR-ABL1 conferred resistance to imatinib. In KRAS-G12C or wild-type KRAS, point mutations in the AMG 510 binding pocket or oncogenic non-G12C mutations conferred resistance to AMG 510. LentiMutate should prove highly valuable for clinical and preclinical cancer-drug development.Significance:LentiMutate can evaluate a drug's on-target activity and can nominate resistance mutations before they occur in patients, which could accelerate and refine drug development to increase the survival of patients with cancer.
AKT Degradation Selectively Inhibits the Growth of PI3K/PTEN Pathway–Mutant Cancers with Wild-Type KRAS and BRAF by Destabilizing Aurora Kinase B
Authors: Xu Jia , Yu Xufen , Martin Tiphaine C. , Bansal Ankita , Cheung Kakit , Lubin Abigail , Stratikopoulos Elias , Cahuzac Kaitlyn M. , Wang Li , Xie Ling , Zhou Royce , Shen Yudao , Wu Xuewei , Yao Shen , Qiao Ruifang , Poulikakos Poulikos I. , Chen Xian , Liu Jing , Jin Jian , Parsons Ramon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Using a panel of cancer cell lines, we characterized a novel degrader of AKT, MS21. In mutant PI3K–PTEN pathway cell lines, AKT degradation was superior to AKT kinase inhibition for reducing cell growth and sustaining lower signaling over many days. AKT degradation, but not kinase inhibition, profoundly lowered Aurora kinase B (AURKB) protein, which is known to be essential for cell division, and induced G2–M arrest and hyperploidy. PI3K activated AKT phosphorylation of AURKB on threonine 73, which protected it from proteasome degradation. A mutant of AURKB (T73E) that mimics phosphorylation and blocks degradation rescued cells from growth inhibition. Degrader-resistant lines were associated with low AKT phosphorylation, wild-type PI3K/PTEN status, and mutation of KRAS/BRAF. Pan-cancer analysis identified that 19% of cases have PI3K–PTEN pathway mutation without RAS pathway mutation, suggesting that these patients with cancer could benefit from AKT degrader therapy that leads to loss of AURKB.

Significance:
MS21 depletes cells of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and a newly identified AKT substrate, AURKB, to inhibit tumor growth in mice. MS21 is superior to prior agents that target PI3K and AKT due to its ability to selectively target active, pAKT and sustain repression of signaling to deplete AURKB.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945
Diversity pattern of butterfly communities (Lepidoptera) in different habitat types of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Thakur Suveena , Bahrdwaj Suneet , Singh Amar Paul 
Published: July 2021

Diversity and similarity of butterfly communities were assessed in three different habitat types in the mountains of Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, from May 2012 to April 2013. A total of 75 species and five families were reported. Proportion of species was highest in deciduous dry forest (49%), followed by Shorea (Saal) forest (34%), and Pinus (Cheer) forest (17%). Family Pieridae was dominant followed by Nymphalidae in all three habitat types. Cluster analysis revealed that Cheer forest stood out clearly from Dry and Saal forest which represents the different species composition. We found significant differences in butterfly diversity in the three forest types based on Shannon index, Simpson dominance index, and Buzas & Gibson’s evenness. These differences may be attributable to variations in host and nectar plant distribution. Of the habitats surveyed, dry deciduous forest appeared to be the most suitable for butterfly conservation.
First camera trap photographs of Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Misbah Bint , Akrim Faraz , Qasim Siddiqa , Bukhari Syed Afaq , Aslam Asad , Waseem Muhammad , Imtiaz Rizwana , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: July 2021

In the current study, we have camera trapped Indian pangolin in the country providing very 1st camera trap photographs of the species from Pakistan. The species has been camera trapped from two sampling sites; one from Pothwar Plateau (Kallar Syedan site 33.465N 73.409E district Rawalpindi) and from other sites named Rolli Hills (33.486N 73.902E), surrounding the University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. For this purpose, we installed camera traps eight camera trap stations from January 2021 till June 2021. We collected a total of 131 pictures of Indian pangolin from Kallar Syedan site and 25 pictures of the species from Rolli Hills site surrounding University of Kotli AJ&K. At Kallar Syedan site we confirmed two pangolins (one male and one female) while the female being pregnant and gave birth to baby pangolin (direct field observation) in the month of April.
Impact of Mitral Annular Dilation on Edge-to-Edge Therapy With MitraClip-XTR
Authors: Kreidel Felix , Zaid Syed , Tamm Alexander R. , Ruf Tobias F. , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Reinold Jenny , Geyer Martin , da Rocha e Silva Jaqueline , Schnitzler Katharina , Michaela Hell , Münzel Thomas , Tang Gilbert H.L. , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Mitral annular dilation has been shown to challenge successful edge-to-edge therapy with earlier MitraClip generations. Recently, third-generation MitraClip-XTR with extended clip arm length was introduced. We assessed the impact of annular dilation on residual mitral regurgitation (MR) after MitraClip-XTR repair and sought to identify cutoffs associated with suboptimal MR reduction.

Methods:
We included 107 patients (78.9±6.7 years; 40.2% female) with symptomatic severe MR (46.7% primary MR; 53.3% secondary MR) undergoing MitraClip-XTR repair. Annular dimensions were retrospectively assessed by 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional-transesophageal echocardiography including a semiautomated analysis. Impact of annular diameters and area on suboptimal reduction defined as ≥2+MR on transthoracic echocardiography at discharge was assessed and predictive cutoff values identified. Previously identified predictors of suboptimal outcome after MitraClip therapy were included in multivariable analysis.

Results:

Technical success was achieved in 93%, 1-year mortality was 23%. Suboptimal MR reduction was observed in 26% and associated with higher 1-year mortality (odds ratio, 4.5 [1.5–14.1]). End-systolic anteroposterior and intercommissural annular diameters, annular area and further vena-contracta width, effective regurgitant orifice area and left atrial volume were associated with suboptimal outcomes. Independent predictors of suboptimal reduction were end-systolic annular area (odds ratio, 1.36 [1.08–1.71] per cm
2
) and vena-contracta width (odds ratio, 1.47 [1.04–2.09] per mm). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, 3-dimensional-transesophageal echocardiography end-systolic anteroposterior diameter >40.5 mm, intercommisural diameter >40.5 mm, and annular-area >12.50 cm
2
were the most predictive thresholds for suboptimal reduction. If all 3 annular measurements exceeded the determined threshold values, the risk for suboptimal reduction increased by 17-fold.

Conclusions:
Annular dilation was found to challenge successful edge-to-edge therapy also with extended-reach MitraClip-XTR. Our proposed thresholds for preprocedural annular dimensions may serve as guidance for improved patient selection in edge-to-edge repair.
Perceptions of Bereaved Caregivers and Clinicians About End‐of‐Life Care for Patients With Destination Therapy Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Chuzi Sarah , Ogunseitan Adeboye , Cameron Kenzie A. , Grady Kathleen , Schulze Lauren , Wilcox Jane E. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) implanted as destination therapy may receive suboptimal preparation for and care at the end of life, but there is limited understanding of the reasons for these shortcomings. Exploring perceptions of individuals (caregivers and clinicians) who are closely involved in the end‐of‐life experience with patients with destination therapy LVADs can help identify key opportunities for improving care.

Methods and Results
We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 7 bereaved caregivers of patients with destination therapy LVADs and 10 interdisciplinary LVAD clinicians. Interviews explored perceptions of preparing for end of life, communicating about end of life, and providing and receiving end‐of‐life care, and were analyzed using a 2‐step team‐based inductive approach to coding and analysis. Six themes pertaining to end‐of‐life experiences were derived: (1) timing end‐of‐life discussions in the setting of unpredictable illness trajectories, (2) prioritizing end‐of‐life preparation and decision‐making, (3) communicating uncertainty while providing support and hope, (4) lack of consensus on responsibility for end‐of‐life discussions, (5) perception of the LVAD team as invincible, and (6) divergent perceptions of LVAD withdrawal.

Conclusions
This study revealed 6 unique aspects of end‐of‐life care for patients with destination therapy LVADs as reported by clinicians and caregivers. Themes coalesced around communication, team‐based care, and challenges unique to patients with LVADs at end of life. Programmatic changes may address some aspects, including training clinicians in LVAD‐specific communication skills. Other aspects, such as standardizing the role of the palliative care team and developing practical interventions that enable timely advance care planning during LVAD care, will require multifaceted interventions.
Metaphoric interpretation
Authors: Lu Xinmeng , Pritchard Timothy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper compares two different theoretical approaches which have been developed to account for metaphoric interpretation: the comparison approach and the categorisation approach. Following a brief review on the history of the two theoretical approaches, the paper points out in part 5 that these two approaches are not fundamentally incompatible. It is further argued in parts 6 and 7 that while the comparison approach can be improved to provide metaphoric interpretations beyond a focus on words and phrases, similar improvement can hardly be made for the categorisation approach, whether by updating the approach itself or by merging it with non-categorisational processes. As a result, the metaphoric cases accountable by the categorisation approach can only be a subset of the cases accountable by the comparison approach.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Mining of Drought in the Last 40 Years in China Based on the SPEI and Space–Time Cube
Authors: Xu Dehe , Zhang Qi , Ding Yan , Zhang De 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrought is a common natural disaster that greatly affects the crop yield and water supply in China. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in China are not well understood. This paper explores the spatial and temporal distributions of droughts in China over the past 40 years using multiscale standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) values calculated by monthly precipitation and temperature data from 612 meteorological stations in China from 1980 to 2019 and combines the space–time cube (STC), Mann–Kendall test, emerging spatiotemporal hot-spot analysis, spatiotemporal clustering, and local outliers for the analysis. The results were as follows: 1) the drought frequency and STC show that there is a significant difference in the spatiotemporal distribution of drought in China, with the most severe drought in Northwest China, followed by the western part of Southwest China and the northern part of North China. 2) The emerging spatiotemporal hot-spot analysis of SPEI6 over the past 40 years reveals two cold spots in subregion 4, indicating that future droughts in the region will be more severe. 3) A local outlier analysis of the multiscale SPEI yields a low–low outlier in western North China, indicating relatively more severe year-round drought in this area than in other areas. The low–high outlier in central China indicates that this region was not dry in the past and that drought will become more severe in this region in the future.
Disability Assessment in Geriatric Psychiatry and Social Welfare Measures in Geropsychiatry in India
Authors: Subramanyam Alka A. , Singh Shipra , Raut Nitin B. , John Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Background: Rising population of elder people and associated rise in health problems, frailty and disabilities have significant socioeconomic and health care implications. Mental health related disability contributes significantly in the global disability statistics and is an important health and quality of life indicator. Assessment of disabilities in elderly is essential part of routine evaluation, further it also helps the clinicians in identifying current functional status and choosing and monitoring therapeutic interventions and need for social welfare schemes. Methods: In order to understand the process of disability assessment in geriatric psychiatry and to gather information about social welfare schemes a literature review in Google Scholar and PubMed electronic database, and website of various ministries under Government of India was done, using developed key search terms for articles published up to February 2021. The identified eligible articles were reviewed for ideas and concepts, which were then integrated and categorized under broader themes. Finally, the broad categories were discussed briefly based on the above framework. Results: Review findings are summarized under the following headings: concept of ageing and disability, assessment of disability, process of certification, and social welfare schemes. Conclusions: The process of disability assessment comprises of comprehensive clinical evaluation, use of standardized rating instruments and disability certification wherever warranted or asked for. It is now being acknowledged worldwide by provisions of various social welfare benefits, that living with disability and increased care needs should be an integral part of definition of successful ageing.
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare staff at a combined elderly care and specialist palliative care facility: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nestor Sarah , O’ Tuathaigh Colm , O’ Brien Tony 
Published: July 2021

Background: In the pre-COVID-19 era, healthcare professionals experienced stress and burnout. The international literature confirms that COVID-19 placed significant additional burdens on healthcare workers. Aim: To describe and characterise the magnitude and variety of ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic affected the personal, social and professional lives of healthcare workers representing several multidisciplinary specialties in a fully-integrated palliative and elderly care service. Design: All staff were invited to complete an anonymised standardised questionnaire evaluating the impact of COVID-19 across a diverse range of domains. The study was conducted over a 6-week period commencing 11 September 2020. Setting: The setting incorporates two distinct but integrated services operating under a single management structure in Ireland: (i) Specialist palliative care across hospice (44 beds), community and hospitals and (ii) Elderly Care Service (long-term and respite care) delivered in a 63-bed inpatient unit. Results: 250 respondents (69.8%) completed the questionnaire. Nurses and healthcare assistants comprised the majority of respondents (60%) and other disciplines were represented proportionately. 230 participants (92%) agreed that their personal workload had changed significantly in response to COVID-19 and 182 (72.8%) agreed that their responsibilities had increased. 196 (78.4%) reported greater work-related stress. Highest-rated sources of stress included fear of contracting COVID-19 or transmitting it to friends/family, interacting with isolated frail/dying patients, changes to workplace protocols and reduced social interaction with colleagues. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the profound impact of COVID-19 on personal and professional wellbeing of staff. The greatest burden was carried by those providing prolonged, direct and intimate patient care.