bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention Technique in Reducing Stress Levels of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Residents
Authors: Sugiharto Pradini , Ramlan Andi Ade Wijaya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
An anesthesiologist is expected to be able to manage intraoperative crises that can occur at any time. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) technique in reducing stress levels of anesthesiology and intensive therapy residents at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia.

Materials and Methods:
This research was an experimental study with paired one group design. The MBI program lasted 4 weeks, consisted of one formal face-to-face training and 4 weeks of informal training (homework). Thirteen study subjects met the inclusion criteria and did not enter the exclusion criteria. One study subject was excluded because the subject did not complete the informal training. Data collection on the Perceived Stress Scale 10-Item (PSS-10) was conducted before and after training.

Results:
The average age of study subjects was 29.75 years; 75% are women. Four participants were in the 1st year of education (33%), 3 participants were in the 2nd year of education (25%), 2 participants were in the 3rd year of education (16.67%), and 3 participants were in the 4th year of education (25%). PSS-10 score in the study subjects significantly decreased after applying the MBI technique for 4 weeks (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
MBI is effective in reducing stress levels of anesthesiology and intensive therapy residents at the-blinded.
Brain Response to Intraperitoneal and Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate in Wistar Rats
Authors: Akataobi Uche Stephen , Unanaowo Bassy Ephraim , Michael Ogbodum Courage , Arong Wilson Obio 
Published: August 2021

Background:
It has been reported that at high concentration monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration induces neurological toxicity caused by increased concentration of glutamate that promotes the production of free radicals and apoptosis. The blood–brain barrier is used by the brain to protect itself against the effect of glutamate and other neurotoxins but its level of protection varies with age.

Aim and Objective:
In this present study, we examined brain responses to combined intraperitoneal and oral administration of MSG at different doses in Wistar rats.

Material and Method:
4 mg/g MSG was administered intraperitoneally to neonates in postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10–2 groups and one of the groups was further administered 10 mg/g MSG orally as adult, while the last group received 10 mg/g MSG as adults only for 21 days. At the end of the 21 days, brain tissue was collected and used to determine MSG effect.

Results:
In the brain tissue, MSG administration caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate synthase, catalase, and glutathione peroxydase activities in a concentration dependent manner higher in group that received MSG both in neonate and adult. Superoxide dismutase also showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the treated groups but higher in group administered as neonates only.

Conclusion:
The result showed that MSG administration increased the level of neurotransmitters in both neonate and adult groups similarly and in response the brain increase the activity of the respective catabolic enzyme to protect itself against its effect
Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on the Salivary Ghrelin and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Health and Chronic Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Devika G. , Savitha A. N. , Pradeep A. R. , Shirley Alwina J. , Laishram Bitika , Kondody Rony Tomy 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is secreted predominantly in the stomach having effects on immunomodulation and bone metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is synthesized by the osteoblasts and is presumed to be involved in the calcification of the bone matrix.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to compare and correlate the salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels in health and chronic periodontal disease before and after 2 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 systemically healthy subjects were included in the study and divided into healthy, chronic gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis groups. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded along with the collection of saliva and serum samples at baseline and also after 2 months of NSPT and subjected to ELISA and colorimetric test.

Statistical Analysis:
Student independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and analysis of variance with post-hoc Games Howell test were used for analysis.

Results:
Results demonstrated that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP were detected in all the groups. There was a statistically significant increase in salivary ghrelin and a reduction in serum ALP levels as wells as the clinical parameters following NSPT in both the treated groups.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that salivary ghrelin and serum ALP levels may represent as a diagnostic biomarker for periodontal disease and also have the potential for therapeutic assessment of responses to NSPT.
The Effect of Advanced Professional Programs on Nurses' Beliefs and Implementation of Evidence based Practice in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alduraywish Thamer Mohammed , Alenezi Faisal , Alshammari Nawaf 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Health-care systems move rapidly toward evidence-based practice (EBP); however, it is still challenging to determine if nurses who have received professional education have adopted EBP into their daily practice.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of advanced professional programs in EBP beliefs and EBP implementation in Prince Sultan Military Medical City.

Setting and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted including 166 nurses who work at Prince Sultan Military Medical City.

Subjects and Methods:
Data were obtained using an adopted two questionnaires for the EBP-Beliefs and EBP-Implementation Scales.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis was used to determine statistical significance and correlation between variables.

Results:
The mean score for EBP beliefs was 57.5 and the average score of EBP implementation was 45. A significant correlation was found between professional programs and EBP beliefs, and there were mean score differences between diploma and the other two groups (graduate and postgraduate).

Conclusions:
Professional programs showed a relationship with EBP beliefs; however, an increase of EBP beliefs does not always imply an increment on EBP implementation. Despite some obstacle factors such as lack of mentorship and training programs, EBP can benefit from advanced professional nursing programs, as believing of EBP importance increase with higher nurses' education level which can affect positively on patients' outcomes.
INVESTIGATING CHALLENGES FOR LEARNING ENGLISH THROUGH SONGS
Authors: Muhamad Nurhidayah , Rahmat Noor Hanim 
Published: August 2021

<p>Teachers teaching in the 21<sup>st</sup> century find classroom teaching and learning more challenging than it used to me. Generation Y are known to have problems with communication and generation Z are known to prefer learning tasks that contain the use of technology and activities that include the elements of fun. The use of songs has been successfully used in the teaching of English as a second/foreign language. Songs are known to motivate learners in the classroom. However, some language teachers report facing problems when they use English songs as teaching materials. This pilot study explores the challenges teachers face when they use of English songs in the English classrooms. Respondents were chosen from a public university in Malaysia. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed that teachers and learners face challenges such as pronunciation and meaning when English songs are used in the English classrooms.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0620/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS: THE ROLE OF SCHOOL NEEDS IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE AND TENDERING PROCESS
Authors: Sila Jane Mwikali , Kirwok Emily 
Published: August 2021

Despite the Kenyan government allocation of billions of shillings to schools each year and the existing legal frameworks, service delivery has been faced with irregular procurement procedures. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of service delivery in public secondary schools with a school needs identification procedure and tendering process perspective. Guided by the Agency Theory and Cultural Theory, the study adopted descriptive survey method design and carried out in Likoni sub-county, Mombasa. With a sample size of 116 respondents, questionnaires were administered among schools’ principals, deputies, bursars and storekeepers. The instrument was examined for reliability at a correlation coefficient of .73. Data analysis entailed descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 24.0. The study findings showed that the element of needs identification plays a role in the culmination of the requirements which in turn has effect on service delivery in public secondary schools. The study also revealed that the influence of tendering process on service delivery is insignificant at level .05 and concludes that there is no significant relationship between tendering process and service delivery.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0880/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ FIRST EXPERIENCES FROM ONLINE COURSES IN COVID-19 PERIOD
Authors: Sideri Maria , Chiou Vana 
Published: August 2021

<p>Prior to Covid-19 era, undergraduate courses were not allowed to be delivered online in Greece, which implies that University students may have encountered difficulties to get adjusted to the new form of courses implemented at the start of the pandemic. This research aims to investigate University of the Aegean students’ adjustment and satisfaction from online courses during spring semester 2020. The results show that both students’ adjustment and satisfaction, affected by factors recorded in literature, were moderate by the mid of semester which highlights the importance of online readiness. However, three specific factors (cohabitation causing difficulties to students in courses’ attendance, motivation to attend courses being linked more with students’ need to have a way out of the quarantine routine and sense of belonging in the University’s community) indicate that, in cases of implementation of emergency online education, social needs and external factors are of high importance.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0885/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
LESSONS FROM CRITICAL THINKING: HOW TO PROMOTE THINKING SKILLS IN EFL WRITING CLASSES
Authors: Rashtchi Mojgan , Khoshnevisan Babak 
Published: August 2021

<p>Critical thinking as an issue with on-going importance has an immense influence on modern education. However, it is not a natural disposition but is a potential that needs cultivation. Training individuals to become critical thinkers is not an easy task, but by adopting appropriate strategies and classroom practices, it is attainable. The present article aimed to show how English writing classes in EFL settings could facilitate the practice of critical thinking skills. This paper suggests that critical thinking can be implemented as a classroom practice in writing courses by using several tasks that integrate writing and thinking skills. The article starts with an introduction to the definitions of critical thinking. Then, it underlines the classroom procedures, which can be implemented by teachers. Following this, some sample tasks and writing topics are proposed to help teachers employ critical thinking practices in their classes.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0663/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TEFL PROFESSORS' E-LEARNING EXPERIENCES DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Shaaban Sumer Salman Abou 
Published: August 2021

<p>This study aimed at revealing teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) professors' eLearning experiences during the Covid 19 pandemic in the Gaza Strip higher education institutions. For this end, the researcher designed a (20) open-ended questions questionnaires to be completed by (32) TEFL professors in (8) Palestinian higher education institutions. Results showed that TEFL professors need training to develop their skills in designing, developing and drawing action plan for TEFL e-courses that achieve the objectives of foreign language teaching\ learning. Palestinian TEFL professors spent (4- 7) hours daily preparing, meeting, guiding, helping and facilitating learning by using different eLearning programs and network social media such as Moodle, Google classroom, Zoom, WhatsApp and Facebook. They adopted different teaching methods as well as different types of evaluation and following up in order to measure the objectives achievement; however, they neglected developing thinking and real life skills. The most challenges for both TEFL professors and learners were insufficient knowledge about eLearning and technical problems. TEFL professors action plan was focused on reducing the number of activities and drawing clear procedures with all the needed tools and activities for each objective in the course. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that higher education institutions should provide training courses in the field of eLearning for both learners and professors, prepare a guide for designing and developing e-courses and provide professional technicians for maintenance of equipment and should regularly fix various technical malfunctions.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0656/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
FAMÍLIA EMPRESÁRIA E SEUS PÚBLICOS / FAMILY BUSINESSES AND ITS AUDIENCES
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge 
Published: August 2021

<p>O artigo pretende estabelecer o estado da arte na família empresária e seus públicos, contribuindo para a construção de conhecimento organizado e estruturado, para uma compreensão mais aprofundada dos conceitos que lhe estão subjacentes. A estratégia de investigação prosseguida socorreu-se da “teoria da prática” de Bourdieu, significando que no momento da realização de uma pesquisa, a problemática pode ser alterada, a hipótese modificada e as variáveis reconsideradas, fazendo com que a qualquer instante surja uma visão inovadora do que se passa no campo em análise. Como principais resultados aponta-se para um conjunto de dez questões, as quais poderão ser valorizadas, fornecendo a importância relativa da dimensão família empresária e seus públicos, a incluir num modelo integrador de várias dimensões, suficientemente genérico e abrangente, qual mosaico árabe, para que o mesmo possa ser aplicado a qualquer tipo de família empresária. </p><p> </p><p>The article intends to establish the state of the art in the business family and its publics, contributing to the construction of organized and structured knowledge, for a deeper understanding of the concepts that underlie it. The research strategy pursued relied on Bourdieu's "theory of practice", meaning that at the time of a research, the problem can be modified, the modified hypothesis and the variables reconsidered, causing at any moment a vision to emerge of what is happening in the field under analysis. The main results point to a set of ten questions, which can be valued, providing the relative importance of the business family dimension and its public, to include in an integrating model of several dimensions, sufficiently generic and comprehensive, which Arab mosaic, for that it can be applied to any type of business family.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0736/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE IMPACT OF THE SILENT ENEMY (COVID-19 PANDEMIC) ON THE MARKETING EFFORTS UNDERTAKEN BY THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Kanapathipillai Kumaran 
Published: August 2021

<p>The impact of a dangerous pandemic to human life is not a new chapter in human history. However, the silent enemy (Covid-19) pandemic crept from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, at an exponential rate that it shifted the rhythm of the world. The crisis that started in China has become a global crisis that crippled many nations in terms of health and economy. From the events that have happened and still happening, we can notice that humans were not prepared for the onslaught of this killer pandemic. The businesses and industries in Malaysia were also not spared by this killer pandemic. One of the hard-hit industries, due to this pandemic is the automotive industry in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to discover how Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the marketing efforts undertaken by the automotive industry in Malaysia. Consequently, to achieve the objective of this research, the survey technique is used to develop a detailed profile, which is gathered from 337 out of 450 formal standardized questionnaires sent online to marketers at twelve automotive companies in Malaysia. This research applied the quantitative methods to yield empirical results and validations that answer the research question. The literature examined the areas of the marketing concept, context and strategies to fill the gap and to determine the significant relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and the marketing efforts undertaken by the marketers of the automotive industry. The analysis shows that Covid-19 pandemic has a significant relationship and correlated negatively to marketing efforts. The hypothesis proved that Covid-19 pandemic has a significant relationship with marketing efforts. Thus, this study could also help all other businesses and industries in Malaysia stay vigilant and overwhelm the assault of this silent enemy. By making a shift to its marketing concept, context and strategies, the automotive industry could regain its momentum from the onslaught of the silent enemy (Covid-19) pandemic.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0626/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
INTERROGATING THE CONCEPT ‘OPENNESS’ IN OPEN DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)
Authors: Maphosa Cosmas , Bhebhe Sithulisiwe 
Published: August 2021

<p>Scholars in Open Distance Learning (ODL) often refer to distance education as ‘open’. The concept 'openness' on open and distance learning is very fluid and often misunderstood. It is the purpose of this desktop survey to review relevant literature and make interrogation of the concept 'openness'. We advance questions such as; How open is open and distance learning. In what aspects is ODL open and to what extent is the openness. We discuss openness concerning targeted potential students and entry requirements in ODL institutions, the openness of teaching, and learning approaches as well as openness concerning communication, the flexibility of curricula, and assessment. We conclude by answering whether or not ODL institutions are open as well as suggesting measures and ways of enhancing openness in ODL institutions.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0674/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
O Trabalho no SUS: retrato das relações trabalhistas no Programa Academia da Saúde
Authors: Parreira Fernanda Ramos , De Souza Marta Rovery 
Published: August 2021

RESUMO
Justificativa: As contratações na área da saúde pública brasileira – especialmente em nível municipal – perpassam por essas novas dinâmicas laborais. Trabalhadores da saúde contratados por tempo determinado, relações trabalhistas sem estabilidade ou garantias mínimas de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários. Objetivo: Refletir sobre as dinâmicas laborais existentes no contexto de um programa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-transversal, que utiliza dados secundários referente ao programa Academia da Saúde, bem como dados oriundos de pesquisa de campo. Resultados: Predomínio de profissionais do sexo feminino, jovens, com elevado grau de instrução, presença de equipes multiprofissionais, mas com relações e vínculos de trabalho precarizados, constituídos por meio de contratações temporárias, por exemplo credenciamento, baixa permanência de trabalhadores. Conclusões: As relações de trabalho – no contexto do programa Academia da Saúde, no estado de Goiás – constroem-se de forma precarizada e sem estabilidade ao trabalhador, e contribui a pouca motivação e desinteresse de profissionais em atuarem no programa.

ABSTRACT
Background: Brazilian public health hiring - especially at the municipal level - permeates these new work dynamics. Health workers on a fixed-term basis, unsettled labor relations or minimum guarantees of labor and social security rights. Objective of paper: Reflect on the existing work dynamics in the context of a program. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that uses secondary data related to the Academia da Saúde program, as well as data from field research. Results: Predominance of female, young, highly educated professionals, presence of multiprofessional teams, although presenting precarious working relationships and bonds, constituted through temporary hiring, for example, accreditation, low permanence of workers. Conclusions: Labor relations - in the context of the Academia da Saúde program in the state of Goiás - are built in a precarious manner and without stability to the worker, contributing to the professionals' lack of motivation and lack of interest in working in the program.
PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF NURSES TOWARDS THE WHO GUIDELINE FOR CANCER-RELATED PAIN MANAGEMENT AT A COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN KENYA
Authors: Kemunto Alice 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To establish nurses’ attitudes on WHO guideline for cancer-related pain management at the Nakuru County Referral Hospital.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. The study targeted all nurses working at Nakuru County Referral Hospital; systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents where every 2nd nurse was selected. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire for nurses. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, Ethical clearance was obtained from Mount Kenya University and Nakuru County Referral Hospital Research and ethics Committees and relevant departments.
Results: About 79.8% had poor attitude while 20.2% had good attitude on WHO guideline for cancer-related pain management. There was poor attitude among the respondents due to inadequate attitude training.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy Development of firm attitudes by nurses to confront and control cancer-related pain should be maintained and encouraged by the hospital management through motivation and teaching of attitudes through role-plays.