bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano Composite Polymer Composition for Water Shutoff Treatment at High Formation Temperature
Authors: Suleymanov Alekper Baghir , Shovgenov Akhmed Doletbiyevich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Excess water production cause serious technical and economic issues including corrosion, loss of productivity, scaling and etc. Various chemical and mechanical methods have been developed to isolate water source in the formation. Among chemical methods polymer-gel treatment is one of the proven solutions in which gel block is placed into high permeable water channel in order to isolate the water source. Most common polymer that is used for water shut-off treatments is Polyacrylamide (PAM) due to its availability and low cost. However in harsh reservoir conditions stability of gel based on PAM is unsatisfactory. Present study focuses on enhancement of bulk gel composition by addition of nano Silica. The effect of nano Silica on gel properties such as gel stability, strength, gelation time, bound/free water content, residual resistance factor was investigated. The results shows that nano Silica addition into bulk gel shortens the gelation time and strengthens the gel. Addition of nano silica significantly reduces syneresis of the gel and nano silica significantly improves the blocking ability of the gel by strengthening the bulk gel and increasing the adsorption. Furthermore, even after aging at 105 °C for 30 days the RRF for the gel with 1% nano silica is still sufficiently high. This observation is explained by syneresis decrement of bulk gel caused by nano Silica.
Treatment of Polluted Urban Surface Waters by Sponge Based Aerobic Biofilm Reactor: Purification Performances and Resilience
Authors: He Shangwei , Song Na , Yao Zongbao , Jiang Helong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface waters are suffering continuous discharging of pollutions, and low DO and black-odorous were easily formed, especially in those slow-flowing urban lakes and enclosed small ponds. In-situ treatment by artificial aeration or water cycling with a combination of polyurethane sponge as biofilm carriers can disentangle this situation without any land occupation. Long-term continuous experiments (187 days) showed that indigenous microorganisms in urban surface waters could form biofilms in the novel style of sponge-based aerobic biofilm reactors (SABRs). In urban lake waters treatment, the purification performances of SABRs were stable and resilient as the NH4+-N and NO2−-N removals were steady, even facing the abrupt increase of NH4+-N and NO2−-N concentrations in influent. Enhancing the polyurethane sponge filling ratios in SABRs can reduce DO but did not affect NH4+-N removal. SABRs were also able to treat enclosed surface waters or black-odorous waterbodies. Combined SABRs with water cycling, NH4+-N removal time was shorter than the time needed by water cycling when biodegradable organic matter was not present. The massive biodegradable organic matter could inhibit nitrification and prolong the purification time. Further results showed that organic matter could be used as carbon sources to eliminate the produced NO3−-N in SABRs. Therefore, the developed new bioreactor could act as one effective way for treating N-polluted urban surface waters.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Fate of DNA in the Digestive Tract of Mice
Authors: Ruiqi Xing , Liu Hui , Xia Qi , Lingzi Pan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: Qualitative and quantitative examination of DNA degradation during the digestion process in the mouse gut through PCR, qPCR and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis.Methods: Human blood leukocytes were gavage into the digestive tract of mice. GAPDH, TH01, TPOX and D7S820 genes in the contents of the stomach and small intestine were analyzed through PCR and qPCR at various time pre- and post-gavage. Through STR analysis, 21 human genomic DNA loci were analyzed. The half-life of DNA degradation, and the relationship between the average peak area and digestion time were determined.Results: The PCR results showed DNA bands at pre-gavage (0 min) and post-gavage (40, 80 and 120 min) from the mouse stomach contents, whereas no DNA bands from small intestinal chyme were observed after gavage. The qPCR results revealed significant decrease in DNA concentrations during 40-120 minutes in mouse stomach after gavage. At 120 min, 85.62±8.10% of the DNA was degraded while the half-life of exogenous DNA degradation in mouse stomach was 70.50±5.46 min. At various time of digestion , almost no target genes were detected in the mouse small intestinal chyme. STR analysis showed a decrease in allele numbers with the advancement of bowl in the small intestine of mice.Conclusions: The degradation of exogenous DNA was higher in mouse stomach during first two hours while almost complete degradation was noted in the small intestine of mice within 40 min.
The Influence of Acculturation Strategies, Ethnic Identity and Cultural Distance on the Socio-cultural Adaptation of Arab Students
Authors: FEDOTOVA VERA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. Adaptation to the educational space of a university is a process that is a prerequisite and a way of socialization, allowing international students to actively engage in various elements of the social environment. This process can be made more complicated as a result of existing linguistic, every day, climatic, intercultural, interethnic, and motivational barriers. This research studies the relationship between acculturation strategies, socio-cultural adaptation, ethnic identity, cultural distance among students from arabic countries (Morocco, Syria, Egypt).Methods. The questionnaire included scales for assessing acculturation attitudes, ethnic identity, cultural distance, and sociocultural adaptation. The following techniques were used during the study: methodology of J. Finney, measuring the severity of ethnic identity (Phinney, 1992; Phinney & Ong, 2007), scales for measuring cultural distance (Wark & Galliher, 2007), questionnaire measuring acculturation strategies for migrants (Berry, 1997; Berry, 2005), scales for measuring sociocultural adaptation (Ward, Kennedy, 1999). The overall number of respondents was 248 (56 from Syria, 84 from Egypt, 108 from Morocco). The average age of the respondents is 28 years (min – 20, max – 34 years).Conclusion. Using correlation and regression analysis, we found that cultural distance is interconnected with sociocultural adaptation. However, among young migrants from arabic countries,ethnic identity and acculturation strategies are not linked to sociocultural adaptation. As a whole, our research shows the specific of adaptation of young arabs in relation to their host country.
Microbial Community Succession is Associated With Corn Straw Degradation in Microbial Consortium M44 During Subculture
Authors: ZHANG Xin , QING Ge-Er , GAO Ju-Lin , YU Xiao-Fang , HU Shu-Ping , ZHANG Bi-Zhou , HAN Sheng-Cai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To systematically analyze the succession of functional microbiota that plays an important role during culture of microbial consortia M44 and its relationship with straw degradation characteristics, we determined the straw degradation ratio and activities of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin enzyme, and VFA content of M44 in different culture periods. We also used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the change in microbial community structure in M44 and explore the differences in microbial composition in the original sample. The results showed that at 15 ℃ for 21 days, the straw degradation rate, endoglucanase activity, and filter paper enzyme activity of M44 generally decreased with increasing culture age, reaching their highest values at F1. The activities of xylanase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, as well as VFA content, were the highest at F5, showing a single-peak curve change with first an increase and then decrease. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were dominant in the original samples and in different culture stages. At the genus level, Devosia and Bacillus were dominant in the original sample. During subculture, the dominant bacteria in the first generation (F1) were Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas, Achromobacter, Chryseobacterium, and Devosia. The dominant genera in the last generation (F11) were Trichococcus, Acinetobacter, Dyssgonomonas, and Rhizobium. In conclusion, we identified changes in microbial community structure occurring in M44 during subculture, as well as similarities and differences in microbial communities from the original sample.
Expression Profiles of Subtracted Genes During Neural Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization
Authors: Yoo Jung Ki , Noh Hye Min , Kim Jonghyup , Lim Sehun , Choi Seong-Jun , Kim Jin Kyeoung 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (human ES cells) are pluripotent and self-renewing cells that can be isolated from the inner cell mass at the blastocyst stage. Human ES cells differentiate into specific cell lineages according to the expression of related genes. During neural development, specific gene expressions induced human ES cells some morphological changes. We used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes which shows altered expression during neural differentiation from human ES cells. We identified 90 genes as downregulated and 64 genes as upregulated in neural precursor (NP) cells derived from human ES cells compared with human ES cells. To obtain further information about differentiation, we performed expression profiling of subtracted genes between human ES cells and NP cells. Of the subtracted genes in human ES cells, the 19 genes showed decreased expression in NP cells. Meanwhile, of the subtracted genes in NP cells, the 20 genes were upregulated. Among them, COPZ1, CPSF6, MATR3 and TOMD3 were specific gene expressions that they significantly expressed up and down-regulation during neural development derived from ES cells. These genes have not previously been associated with neural differentiation, but they may be potentially participated in neurogenesis.
EEG-based Measurement System for Student Engagement Detection in Learning 4.0
Authors: Apicella Andrea , Arpaia Pasquale , Frosolone Mirco , Improta Giovanni , Moccaldi Nicola , Pollastro Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A wearable system for the personalized EEG-based detection of engagement in learning 4.0 is proposed. The system can be used to make an automated teaching platform adaptable to the cognitive and emotional conditions of the user. For example, the teaching strategy could be personalized by an automatic modulation of the proposed contents. The system is validated by an experimental case study on twenty-one students. The experimental task consisted in learning how a specific human-machine interface works. Both the cognitive and motor skills of participants were involved. De facto standard stimuli based on cognitive task and music background were employed to guarantee a metrologically founded reference. The proposed signal processing pipeline (Filter bank, Common Spatial Pattern, and Support Vector Machine), in within-subject approach, reaches almost 77 % average accuracy by a 3 s time window, in detecting both cognitive and emotional engagement.
A Dynamic AES Encryption Based on Memristive Chaos Neural Network
Authors: Liu Y. A. , Chen L. , Li X. W. , Liu Y. L. , Hu S. G. , Yu Q. , Chen T. P. , Liu Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption technique based on memristive neural network. A memristive chaotic neural network is constructed by the use of the nonlinear characteristics of the memristor. The chaotic sequence, which is sensitive to the initial value and has good random characteristics, is used as the initial key of AES grouping to realize "one-time-one-secret" dynamic encryption. Results show that the algorithm has higher security, larger key space and stronger robustness than the conventional AES. It can effectively resist the initial key fixed and exhaustive attacks.
Association of Ideal Cardiovascular Health with Carotid Intima-Media thickness (cIMT) in a Young Adult Population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)
Authors: Chavoshi Vajihe , Barzin Maryam , Ebadinejad Amir , Dehghan Pooneh , Moghaddam Amin Momeni , Mahdavi Maryam , Hadaegh Farzad , Niroomand Mahtab , Valizadeh Majid , Azizi Fereidoun , Mirmiran Parvin , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the association of CVH metrics with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1295 adults, average age of 29.7 ± 4.0 years, selected among the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The participants were divided into two CVH groups: Ideal CVH and poor/intermediate CVH. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression was used to determine the association of ideal CVH score with cIMT. Multivariate-adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were calculated for high cIMT (≥95%percentile). Also, the independent effects of each ideal CVH metric on cIMT were analyzed. The prevalence of ideal CVH was 9.3% in the studied population, and the mean of cIMT was 0.55±0.09 mm. A 1-point increase in CVH score was associated with a decrease of 0.128 mm (Beta [SE] = -0.128 [0. 002], p<0.001) in cIMT and rendered an odd ratio of 0.68 (OR = 0.68 [95% CI: 0.56-0.82], p<0.001) for having a high CIMT (≥95%percentile). Each ideal glucose, ideal blood pressure and ideal body mass index (BMI) had a significant inverse association with cIMT. There was a graded inverse association between ideal CVH score and cIMT among young adults, indicating that ideal CVH metrics are associated with better vascular health in this population. The low prevalence of ideal CVH highlighted the importance of implementing health promotion strategies.
The Effect of General and Regıonal Anesthesıa on the Neutrophıl / Lymphocyte And Platelet / Lymphocyte Ratıos Durıng Bladder Tumor Surgery; Retrospectıve Study.
Authors: Argun Guldeniz , Hizli Fatih , Düvarci Mehmet , Karaismailoglu Eda , Basar Halil , Unver Suheyla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Among the indicators of SIR are changes in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). This study aimed to determine the effect of general and regional anesthesia on SIR during short-term transurethral bladder resection (TUR-B) surgery. METHODS: The 66 included patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (general anesthesia) and Group 2 (regional anesthesia). The lymphocyte, platelet, and neutrophil counts before surgery and 1 h after surgery were obtained from the patients’ records. The indicators of SIR the NLR and PLR were calculated preoperatively and postoperatively. Differences between the groups in the NLR and PLR were investigated.RESULTS: At 1 h postsurgery there weren’t any significant differences in the neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, or the NLR and PLR in groups, as compared to presurgery; however, the lymphocyte count was higher (but not significantly) in both groups, as compared to presurgery. The neutrophil count and NLR were lower (but not significantly) in Group 1 at postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS: General and regional anesthesia have no effect on postoperative SIR in patients with bladder tumors that may require multiple surgeries and administration of anesthesia; however, we think larger scale prospective studies are needed to more clearly understand neutrophil count and NLR changes in bladder cancer surgery patients administered general anesthesia.
Can high SARS-CoV-2 adult vaccination rates help protect unvaccinated children? Evidence from a unique rapid mass vaccination campaign
Authors: paetzold jörg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mass vaccination has the potential to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to a halt by not only protecting individuals who have been vaccinated but also by providing cross-protection to unvaccinated individuals, such as children. However, this indirect protection effect from a vaccinated population onto an unvaccinated group is extremely difficult to observe in real-world situations. Methods: We studied cross-protection to unvaccinated individuals following an unprecedented rapid mass vaccination campaign in Europe. After a large outbreak of B.1.351 (Beta) in the district of Schwaz in Austria, the government offered every adult (16+) citizen of the district a vaccination with BNT162b2 between the 11th and 16th of March 2021. After this week, around 70% of the adult population of Schwaz had received their first dose, which made Schwaz the first widely inoculated region in Europe. The cohort of children under the age of 16 remained entirely unvaccinated (EMA only approved the vaccine for 12-15 year-olds on the 28th of May). This local mass vaccination campaign created a situation in which the vaccination coverage of the adult population sharply differed at the district border of Schwaz, while the coverage of those below the age of 16 remained the exact same. We compared SARS-CoV-2 cases among the adult population as well as children in Schwaz with case numbers of the same age cohorts from control regions. First, we compared Schwaz with a control group of other Austrian districts highly similar to Schwaz in many socio-demographic characteristics as well as in infection spread prior to the mass vaccination campaign. Second, we compared local populations residing along the border of Schwaz which live in the very same geographic area but with different vaccination coverage because they were not included in the vaccination campaign. Interpretation: Prior the mass vaccination campaign, we observed very similar infection spread across all age cohorts in Schwaz and the control regions. Around 3-4 weeks after the campaign, infections started to diverge between Schwaz and the control regions. While the difference was largest among the population aged 16–50 years (which was offered vaccination in the campaign), we also observed a statistically significant reduction in cases among the group of unvaccinated children. Our findings are robust to changes in the control group, as well as controls of a rich set of time and region specific effects. Policy implications: Our results constitute one of the first evidence of an indirect cross-protection effect from a group of vaccinated individuals to an unvaccinated group (in our case children). Given that in many countries the proposition to keep schools open during the academic year 2021/22 is a top priority, this evidence of community-protection is highly policy relevant.
Climbing the sanitation ladder: latrine promotion and household decision-making in Viet Nam
Authors: Thomas Milan , Ljung Per 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examine the relationship between promotion activities and sanitation decisions in the context of a program in the Mekong Delta that encouraged households to switch from fishpond latrines to septic tanks. Before and after the campaign, we surveyed households and promoters. Economic variables were important determinants of septic tank adoption, but whether the decision was woman-led and familiarity with the promoter were strongly predictive as well. Controlling for the pre-existing household decision-making structure, women were more likely to lead the sanitation decision if a promoter spoke to them rather than to a male householder. These household-based findings on the importance of promoters were supported by a supplementary analysis of sales. We found that promoters who were older, trained, and educated were more successful in selling septic tanks. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of gender equity and trust in the promoter for encouraging last-mile households to invest in new health technologies.
Folhetos de cordel no ensino de língua materna: aspectos culturais e formação docente
Authors: Rodrigues Linduarte Pereira 
Published: October 2021

Desde a antiguidade clássica, verifica-se uma poética da vozrealizada a partir de diversas funções sociais ritualizadas pela palavra.Isso confirma uma tradição oral que persiste em nossos dias, agregadaem vários aspectos do quotidiano (ZUMTHOR, 1993). A escrita nasce,então, como resposta às necessidades dos povos que narram a memóriade sua gente e buscam, através dessas narrativas, a explicação e atualizaçãoda vida humana. Corroborando com tais assertivas, dados de pesquisasque venho desenvolvendo com gêneros textuais diversos das culturaspopulares, no campo das linguísticas aplicada e pragmática/discursiva,vêm demonstrando que os estudos do letramento são hoje um campopromissor de investigação e elaboração de métodos que buscam reunirpesquisas interessadas pela descrição e explicação da influência daoralidade e da escritura nas práticas culturais de sociedades letradas,o que contribui para a formação de professores de língua portuguesaempenhados na constituição de sujeitos escolares aptos para umaconvivência sociocultural efetiva. Diante disso, destaca-se o fenômeno do letramento que extrapola o mundo da escrita e se interessa pela letracomo prática sociocultural; o que permite fundamentar um estudo emdiálogo com outros pesquisadores que compartilham com a ideia de umensino de língua baseado em eventos e práticas de letramento, em que avoz antecede, atravessa e “finaliza” a produção escrita, animando o textoe atualizando discursos de um material regional típico do Nordeste: osfolhetos de cordel brasileiros. Uma perspectiva de estudo que cobra acompreensão do lugar e do tempo que compõem o sujeito escrevente efalante, e/ou mesmo, que escreve para simular uma fala: ação dialógica eideológica, marca de acontecimento sociocultural do homem na história.
Synthetic Approach to Potential Anticancer Benzimidazole Derivatives: A
Review
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Singh Chanchal , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Abdullah Md. Mustaqeem , Kumar Vivek , Giri Pavan Prakash 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in many developed and developing countries. Continuous
efforts are required for designing better therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer with
more efficacy, selectivity, and less toxicity. The fused heterocyclic ring system has been identified by
several researchers as a privileged structure that can be used as the basis for drug discovery in medicinal
chemistry. The hetero-aromatic bicyclic ring system acts as a pharmacophore in a wide range of
drugs with therapeutic potential. According to studies in the literature, various substituted benzimidazoles
have distinct pharmacological profiles with multi-targeting ability, making them an important
anchor for the production of novel therapeutic agents against complex cancers, including breast cancer,
skin cancer, and blood cancer. In this article, we have discussed various synthetic methods for the
synthesis of anti-cancer benzimidazoles and their derivatives in different solvent conditions, substrates,
and various catalysts, mainly those which are eco-friendly and economical. We also focused
on various derivatives those are under clinical trials containing benzimidazole moiety.