bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reported Patients’ Practices, Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Common Cold in the Community
Authors: Al-Taie Anmar 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Lack of knowledge and malpractice with regard to cold, associated symptoms and subsequent management of this illness increase the economic burden and impair patient-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, practices and attitudes about the common cold and its treatment measures among the general public in different parts of Baghdad province, Iraq.

Methodology:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 participants through an interview using a structured three-part questionnaire, consisting of 28 items assessing the demographic characteristics, practices, level of knowledge and attitude towards common cold.

Results:
A total of 384 participants were enrolled in this study. About 31.8% of the respondents stated that physicians were the most common source for the provision of education about the common cold and its management. Nearly 54.7% of the participants agreed that common cold is caused by a viral infection and 49.2% disagree about taking medications by the patient own-self without medical advice and the majority 61% agreed about taking medications from the community pharmacy. However, 40.6% of the respondents had negative attitudes regarding the use of antibiotics for common cold. There was a statistically significant difference towards common cold knowledge and attitude concerning education level (P = 0.02) and provision of proper education (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study revealed an acceptable level of knowledge and attitude about the common cold among the Iraqi community; however, there are gaps in the general knowledge about the use of antibiotics for the treatment of the cold.
MRI features in the non-traumatic spinal cord injury patients presenting at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra
Authors: Gbadamosi Hafisatu , Mensah Yaw B. , Asiamah Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Background: Neurological limb deficit due to non-traumatic myelopathy is a disabling and distressing neurological condition. In recent time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has proven to be the ultimate imaging modality for evaluating pathologies of the spinal cord.Objective: To describe the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) features of patients with Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury evaluated at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra, Ghana. Results: Out of a total of 141 MRI’s evaluated 60.3% were males and 39.7% female. The majority of the respondents 85.1% had paraparesis/paraplegia,13.5% had quadriparesis/quadriplegia, 1.4% had weakness in one upper limb and both lower limbs. The commonest MRI features of NTSCI recorded was due to degenerative disease of the spine 75.9%, spinal metastases 5.7%, Pott's/pyogenic spondylitis 3.5%, demyelinating disease 2.8% and primary spinal tumours 2.8%.Conclusion: The commonest MRI findings in the study population were due to degenerative disease of the spine, followed by spinal metastases and infective spondylitis. Funding: Not declaredKeywords: paraparesis, paraplegia, tetraparesis, tetraplegia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Repeat-station surveys: implications from chaos and ergodicity of the recent geomagnetic field
Authors: Angelo De Santis  , Enkelejda Qamili  , Gianfranco Cianchini  
Published: June 2021

<p>The present geomagnetic field is chaotic and ergodic: chaotic because it can no longer be predicted beyond around 6 years; and ergodic in the sense that time averages correspond to phase-space averages. These properties have already been deduced from complex analyses of observatory time series in a reconstructed phase space and from global predicted and definitive models of differences in the time domain. These results imply that there is a strong necessity to make repeat-station magnetic surveys more frequently than every 5 years. This, in turn, will also improve the geomagnetic field secular variation models. This report provides practical examples and case studies.</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of soil thermal diffusivity algorithms at two equatorial sites in West Africa
Authors: Taofeek Abiodun Otunla  , Ezekiel Oluyemi Oladiran  
Published: June 2021

<p>This study presents comparisons between six algorithms used in the calculation of apparent thermal diffusivity (K<sub>h</sub>) of the topsoil during measurement campaigns conducted at two equatorial sites. It further investigates the effects of transient and seasonal variations in soil moisture content (theta) on the estimation of K<sub>h</sub>. The data used comprise soil temperatures (T) measured at depths of 0.05 m and 0.10 m, and theta within the period of transition from the dry season to the wet season at Ile Ife (7.55˚ N, 4.55˚ E), and for the peak of the wet season at Ibadan (7.44˚ N, 3.90˚ E). The thermal diffusivity, K<sub>h</sub>, was calculated from six algorithms, of: harmonic, arctangent, logarithmic, amplitude, phase, and conduction-convection. The reliability of these algorithms was tested using their values to model T at a depth of 0.10 m, where direct measurements were available. The algorithms were further evaluated with statistical indices, including the empirical probability distribution function of the differences between the measured and modeled temperatures ([delta capitalized]T). The maximum absolute values of [delta capitalized]T for the six algorithms investigated were: 0.5˚C, 0.5˚C, 0.5˚C, 1˚C, 1˚C and 1˚C, respectively. K<sub>h</sub> showed an increasing trend as theta increased from the dry season to the peak of the wet season, with R<sup>2</sup> = 0.70 for the harmonic algorithm. The accuracy of all of the algorithms in modeling T reduced with transient variations of theta. The harmonic, arctangent and logarithmic algorithms were the most appropriate for calculating K<sub>h</sub> for the region of study. The empirical relation between theta and K<sub>h</sub> and the values of K<sub>h</sub> obtained in this study can be used to improve the accuracy of meteorological and hydrological models.</p>
Late Quaternary paleoseismic sedimentary archive from deep central Gulf of Corinth: time distribution of inferred earthquake-induced layers
Authors: Corina Campos  , Christian Beck  , Christian Crouzet  , Eduardo Carrillo  , Aurélien Van Welden  , Efthymios Tripsanas  
Published: June 2021

<p>A sedimentary archive corresponding to the last 17 cal kyr BP has been studied by means of a giant piston core retrieved on board R/V MARION-DUFRESNE in the North Central Gulf of Corinth. Based on previous methodological improvements, grain-size distribution and Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy (MSA) have been analysed in order to detect earthquake-induced deposits. We indentified 36 specific layers -Homogenites+Turbidites (HmTu) - intercalated within continuous hemipelagictype sediments (biogenic or bio-induced fraction and fine-grained siliciclastic fraction). The whole succession is divided into a non-marine lower half and a marine upper half. The “events” are distributed through the entire core and they are composed of two terms: a coarse-grained lower term and an upper homogeneous fine-grained term, sharply separated. Their average time recurrence interval could be estimated for the entire MD01-2477 core. The non-marine and the marine sections yielded close estimated values for event recurrence times of around 400 yrs to 500 yrs.</p>
Tomography of core-mantle boundary and lowermost mantle coupled by geodynamics: joint models of shear and compressional velocity
Authors: Gaia Soldati  , Lapo Boschi  , Steve Della Mora  , Alessandro M. Forte  
Published: June 2021

<p>We conduct joint tomographic inversions of P and S travel time observations to obtain models of delta v_P and delta v_S in the entire mantle. We adopt a recently published method which takes into account the geodynamic coupling between mantle heterogeneity and core-mantle boundary (CMB) topography by viscous flow, where sensitivity of the seismic travel times to the CMB is accounted for implicitly in the inversion (i.e. the CMB topography is not explicitly inverted for). The seismic maps of the Earth's mantle and CMB topography that we derive can explain the inverted seismic data while being physically consistent with each other. The approach involved scaling P-wave velocity (more sensitive to the CMB) to density anomalies, in the assumption that mantle heterogeneity has a purely thermal origin, so that velocity and density heterogeneity are proportional to one another. On the other hand, it has sometimes been suggested that S-wave velocity might be more directly sensitive to temperature, while P heterogeneity is more strongly influenced by chemical composition. In the present study, we use only S-, and not P-velocity, to estimate density heterogeneity through linear scaling, and hence the sensitivity of core-reflected P phases to mantle structure. Regardless of whether density is more closely related to P- or S-velocity, we think it is worthwhile to explore both scaling approaches in our efforts to explain seismic data. The similarity of the results presented in this study to those obtained by scaling P-velocity to density suggests that compositional anomaly has a limited impact on viscous flow in the deep mantle.</p>
Frequency dependent attenuation of seismic waves for Delhi and surrounding area, India
Authors: Babita Sharma  , Prasantha Chingtham  , Anup K. Sutar  , Sumer Chopra  , Haldhar P. Shukla  
Published: June 2021

<p align="left">The attenuation properties of Delhi &amp; surrounding region have been investigated using 6<em>2</em> local earthquakes recorded at nine stations. The frequency dependent quality factors <em>Q</em><em><sub>a</sub></em> (using P-waves) and <em>Q</em><em><sub>b</sub></em> (using S-waves) have been determined using the coda normalization method. Quality factor of coda-waves (<em>Q<sub>c</sub></em>) has been estimated using the single backscattering model in the frequency range from 1.5 Hz to 9 Hz. Wennerberg formulation has been used to estimate <em>Q<sub>i</sub></em> (intrinsic attenuation parameter) and <em>Q<sub>s</sub></em> (scattering attenuation parameter) for the region. The values <em>Q</em><em><sub>a</sub>, Q</em><em><sub>b, </sub>Q<sub>c, </sub>Q<sub>i</sub> and Q<sub>s</sub></em> estimated are frequency dependent in the range of 1.5Hz-9Hz. Frequency dependent relations are estimated as <em>Q</em><em><sub>a</sub>=52f<sup>1.03</sup>, Q</em><em><sub>b</sub>=98f<sup>1.07</sup> and Q<sub>c</sub>=158f<sup>0.97</sup></em>. <em>Q<sub>c</sub></em> estimates lie in between the values of <em>Q<sub>i</sub></em> and <em>Q<sub>s</sub></em> but closer to <em>Q<sub>i</sub></em> at all central frequencies. Comparison between <em>Q<sub>i</sub> </em>and <em>Q<sub>s</sub></em> shows that intrinsic absorption is predominant over scattering for Delhi and surrounding region. </p>
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMBINED SORBENT FOR STABILIZING THE COLLOIDAL SYSTEM OF FERMENTED DRINKS
Authors: Trusova M. M. , Pavlova O. V. 
Published: June 2021

The article contains information about the colloidal system of beer and kvass, a classification of the components of the turbidity is given. Methods are described that are used in the technology of fermentation beverages to eliminate them. The mechanisms of sorption of chitosan and diatomaceous earth are characterized.
The aim of the study is to develop a combined sorbent based on chitosan and diatomaceous earth for the sorption of proteins in the technology of fermentation beverages. Biuret reaction was used as research methods, mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out. The optical density of the solutions before and after sorption was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results of the study are the determination
of the sorption of chitosan and diatomaceous earth in relation to proteins using the example of a model solution. Also, the formulation of the combined sorbent from diatomaceous earth and chitosan was developed. The optimal residence time of the new auxiliary material in the solution was selected. The amount of protein that sorbs 1 gram of sorbent is calculated. Recommendations are given on the use of this substance in the technology of fermentation beverages.
CircHIPK3 knockdown suppresses E2F3 expression to inhibit the viability and promote the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells in age-related cataract by sponging miR-499a-5p
Authors: Han Qichao , Zhang Rong , Ma Lan , Shao Li , Feng Meiyan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCircular RNA (circRNA) is considered to be a vital regulator of disease progression, including age-related cataract (ARC). However, the molecular mechanism of circHIPK3 in ARC progression has not been fully elucidated.Material and methodsThe expression levels of circHIPK3, miR-499a-5p and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Western blot analysis was employed to test the protein levels of apoptosis-related markers and E2F3. Biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay was used to select miRNAs that could be targeted by circHIPK3, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-499a-5p and circHIPK3 or E2F3.ResultsCircHIPK3 is a stable circRNA that is significantly under-expressed in the anterior lens capsule tissues of ARC patients. Knockdown of circHIPK3 suppressed SRA01/04 cell viability and accelerated apoptosis. Moreover, miR-499a-5p could be targeted by circHIPK3, and its inhibitor reversed the effect of circHIPK3 silencing on cell viability and apoptosis. Furthermore, E2F3 was a target of miR-499a-5p, and its overexpression reversed the effect of miR-499a-5p on the viability and apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells. In addition, circHIPK3 positively regulated E2F3 expression by sponging miR-499a-5p.ConclusionsCircHIPK3 knockdown inhibited viability and enhanced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells to promote ARC progression by regulating miR-499a-5p/E2F3 axis.
Little epigraphy
Authors: Pitt Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most well-known inscriptions are monumental texts carved on stone. In this contribution, on the other hand, we focus on small, often informal texts scratched or stamped on rocks, metal surfaces and pottery. To this type of so-called ‘little epigraphy’ belong for instance graffiti, ostraca, weights and measures, curse tablets, etcetera. Although the texts themselves are usually very short, together they constitute a large corpus.
Over de betekenis van het element ‘algemeen’ in het concept van de algemene vorming
Authors: Rang Adalbert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The meaning of ‘general’ in the concept of general education

The author aims at a conceptual-analytical approach. Up to now conceptualization and, above all, the realization of general education remained based on fundamental inconsistencies. Its ‘generality’ was accomplished neither individually nor institutionally. Class- and genderspecific discriminations formed a constitutive part of most concepts and of the educational practice as such. The author then discusses some essential characteristics of a presently relevant concept of general education. He concentrates on the comprehensive, ‘synthesizing’ powers of general education and asks whether the socializing and ‘homogenizing’ (Bourdieu) effects of a truly ‘general’ education can also be regarded as a contribution to autonomizing individuation. The considerations are primarily based on Humboldt and the recent recommendations of the Collège de France (1985).
The Effect of Abusive Supervision and Psychopathy on Counter Productive Work Behavior: The Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Khattak Pirzada , Rizvi Syed Tahir Hussain 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the influence of Abusive Supervision and Psychopathy on Counterproductive Work Behaviour with moderating role of Psychological Capital in project-based organizations (The construction industry).
Design\Methodology\Approach: Causal model was proposed, Data was collected from 360 employees of different construction projects-based organizations in Islamabad and Rawalpindi region (Pakistan) by using convenience sampling techniques, and adopted structured questionnaires comprising of measuring each variable on a five-point Lickartt scale. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze Reliability, Correlations, and regression.
Originality/value: Different variables have been considered in the relationship with Counterproductive behavior. Abusive supervision and Psychopathy rarely discussed. This study efforts to scrutinize the relationship among AS and CWB, and PSP and CWB, while the moderating role of PSC with the addition of new insights.
Finding: Findings of the current study revealed that there is a positive and significant influence of Abusive Supervision and psychopathy on Counterproductive work bhaviour and a significant moderating role of psychological capital.
Fantasy, Fiction, and the Foundations of “Relational Authenticity”: J. M. Barrie'sPeter and Wendyand Søren Kierkegaard'sFear and TremblingRevisited
Authors: Rokotnitz Naomi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines notions of authenticity, which have traditionally centered on the individual, and explores instead a view of authenticity that is “reciprocal” (Zahavi 2001; Rokotnitz 2014) and “relational” (Gallagher, Morgan, Rokotnitz 2018). Investigating how children may cultivate a sense of authenticity by engaging in two forms of imaginative projection—make-believe play and fictional stories—I explore how the co-constitution of self and other(s) advances the Existentialist project. Anchoring developmental data, philosophical argumentation, and critical analysis in a literary text written for and about children—J. M Barrie's Peter Pan—I unpack how play and fiction may contribute to authentic self-becoming by fostering social interchange and how this dynamic is made available for interrogation in Barrie's novel. The analysis presented here reveals Wendy to be the heroine of Barrie's novel, reconfiguring its implications for literary scholarship, and also explicates why categories first articulated by Søren Kierkegaard, such as “the single individual” (Fear 67), one's “absolute relation to the absolute” (78), and “witnessing” (104), are still worth pursuing in a post-postmodern twenty-first-century context. Above all, I re-define authentic self-becoming as fundamentally and necessarily relational.
Mortgage Lending and Borrowing Regulatory Changes
Authors: McInroy Haydn 
Published: June 2021

Prices in Vancouver and Toronto housing markets are forcing a tightening of mortgage lending across Canada by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). This form of risk mitigation is carried out through increased stress testing of mortgage borrower income levels along with more strictly enforced loan-to-value requirements used to regulate lending practices by Federally Regulated Financial Institutions (FRFIs).The goal of the tightened mortgage lending is due to concerns surrounding the increasingly alarming debt problem as Canadian debt to income levels doubled in the past two decades, along with historical drops in Debt-Service ratios of Canadians during economic downturn. With Canadian debt to income levels at an all-time high, coupled with the facts that the current Canadian rates are higher than those of the US prior to the 2008 Financial Crisis, and the high level of mortgage debt that makes up the overall debt of Canadians, tightening of mortgage regulation is something that the Government deems necessary.Written in the format of a Memorandum to a Deputy Minister in the Federal Canadian Government, this paper examines and addresses key issues related to the increased mortgage regulation being carried out by OSFI and the Federal Government.
La résolution des problèmes écrits : l’étude auprès d’une élève présentant une dyslexie
Authors: Pelczer Ildiko , Polotskaia Elena , Fellus Olga 
Published: June 2021

Dans nos projets antérieurs, nous avons développé une approche à l’enseignement de résolution de problèmes écrits permettant aux élèves de mieux comprendre les relations quantitatives qui se présentent dans un problème et ainsi de mieux planifier leur démarche de résolution. Nous avons utilisé la méthode de l’entretien d’enseignement pour tester l’applicabilité de l’approche dans le cas d’élèves ayant une dyslexie développementale. Nous présentons certains résultats d’expérimentation auprès d’un élève particulier. Nos données suggèrent que : a) la compréhension de la structure mathématique d’un problème est indépendante de la connaissance numérique de base de l’élève, et b) il existe des conditions permettant à l’élève de saisir les relations quantitatives malgré certaines difficultés associées à une dyslexie et une dyscalculie.
Extraction, Purification and Characterisation of Plant Enzyme (Calotropain) from the Unripe Pods and Bark of Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera (AIT))
Authors: Obed Amoah Ofori , Zakpaa Hilary D. , Theophilus Amoah , Yeboah Saeed Ibn Idris Kofi , Prince Essandoh 
Published: June 2021

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the potential Extraction, Purification and Characterisation of Calotropain from the unripe pods and stem bark of Calotropis procera for establishing its applications in food industry.
Methodology: Crude extracts were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and two-step salt precipitation. A One-way ANOVA analysis was used to determine the significant difference between the two methods at 5% significance level.
Results: The results obtained from the study inferred that proteolytic activity was present in both plant part extracts. The protein concentrations of the sample crude extracts were 0.86 mg/ml and 0.92 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. The protein concentrations after ammonium sulphate precipitation were 0.57 mg/ml and 0.69 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. The protein concentrations after two-step salt precipitation were 0.51 mg/ml and 0.61 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. Proteolytic activities of the crude enzyme extracts were 0.038 µmol/min/ml for stem bark and 0.02 µmol/min/ml for pods. Higher values of 0.075 µmol/min/ml and 0.05 µmol/min/ml were calculated for the enzyme extracts for stem bark and unripe pods respectively after ammonium sulphate precipitation and after two-step salt precipitation. The enzyme extracts for stem bark and pods respectively recorded proteolytic activities of 0.099 µmol/min/ml and 0.07 µmol/min/ml.
Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed how the proteolytic activities of the plant parts could be enhanced for protein hydrolytic processes in the production of food.