bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SELECTION IN HEREFORD CATTLE I. SELECTION INTENSITY, GENERATION INTERVAL AND INDEXES IN RETROSPECT
Authors: Nwakalor L. N. , Brinks J. S. , Richardson G. V. 
Published: March 2021

Selection intensity and generation interval were evaluated in a Hereford cattle herd of 14 inbred lines and 14 linecross groups corresponding to the lines of inbred sire at the San Juan Basin Research Centre, Hesperus, Colorado. Selection indexes practised were calculated in retrospect. The records analysed were weaning weight and postweaning traits in males and females collected from 1946 through 1973. Analyses were performed by line for the inbreds and pooled analyses for the inbred and linecross populations. From records of 1,239 calves weaned, age of sire averaged 3.75 years compared with 4.52 years for age of dam, showing faster generation turnover for sires than for dams. Generation interval determined 98 actual age of midparent was 4.13 years.Selection applied, evaluated as annual selection differentials within inbred lines and then pooled over all lines, averaged .55 standard deviations per generation for sires for weaning weight. Selection of females was much less. Midparent selection differential amounted to .33 standard deviations per generation. Pooled standardized selection differentials per generation over all lines for sires were .49, .46, 40, -.20, -.10, and .69, respectively, for initial weight, final weight, feed consumption, unadjusted feed efficiency, adjusted feed efficiency, and average daily gain. Selection of females for postweaning traits was not intense. Selection Indexes actually practiced in retrospect were: for sires, IS = .4661(WW) -.0092(FE) + .6126(ADG); for inbred dams, ID = .1824(WW) -.0284 (12W) + .0736 (18W) - 1097 (SPW) -.1097 (FAW); for linecross dams, ID= .2693 (WW) - 2960 (12W) + .0147 (18W) + 1185 (SPW) -.0354 (FAW). The corresponding index selection differentials were .818, 203, and .209. Sire index selection differentials represent about 79 percent of the total selection differentials.
CASE REPORT AWARENESS TO PROLAPSE OF THE EYE IN BABY
Authors: Purnasari Athi , Doemilah Ratna , Zuhria Ismi 
Published: March 2021

Corneal perforation may be associated with prolapse of ocular tissue. We present a rare case reportan11 months-old female presented prolapsed of right eye. She was earlier diagnosedwithright corneal ulcer anddescemetocele. Physicalexamination revealed perforatedcornea.On ultrasound examination showedvitreous hazzinessand membranous opacity assumed due to inflammation. Based on examinationswe suspectedmalignancy process and performed enucleation withautogenous Dermis Fat Graft (DFG) which harvested onthigh region.Histopathology examination revealed chronic inflammation process.Hence, determining the causative factors of the prolapsed eye is the key for better management and prognosis.
CASE REPORT WAARDENBURG SYNDROME TYPE I WITH IRIS AND RETINAL COLOBOMA
Authors: Lestari Atina Yustisia , Prastyani Reni 
Published: March 2021

We present a rare case report, Waardenberg syndrome type I, and ocular abnormalities related to the disease. A Boy, 11 months, presented with blue and hole in inferior iris. Patien also controlled to pediatric and ENT departement according his global developmental delayed, and unresponsiveness to sound stimulus since birth. Patient presented with distophia cantrorum, bilateral iris coloboma, brilliant blue iris, and retinal coloboma. Others systemic condition were skin hypopigmentation, bilateral sensorineural hearing lost, and global developmental delay equal to 6 months old baby. According to manifestations, this supporting diagnosis for Waardenberg syndrome type I. The management consists in treating the symptoms accordingly. Careful follow up and work up is important to improve patient quality of life
A Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) for the middle atmosphere
Authors: Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is the first fully autonomous middle atmosphere lidar system to provide density and temperature profiles from 15 to approximately 90 km altitude. From October 2019 to October 2020, CORAL acquired temperature profiles on 243 out of the 365 nights (66 %) above Río Grande, southern Argentina, a cadence which is 3–8 times larger as compared to conventional human-operated lidars. The result is an unprecedented data set with measurements on 2 out of 3 nights on average and high temporal (20 min) and vertical (900 m) resolution. The first studies using CORAL data have shown, for example, the evolution of a strong atmospheric gravity wave event and its impact on the stratospheric circulation. We describe the instrument and its novel software which enables automatic and unattended observations over periods of more than a year. A frequency-doubled diode-pumped pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used as the light source, and backscattered photons are detected using three elastic channels (532 nm wavelength) and one Raman channel (608 nm wavelength). Automatic tracking of the laser beam is realized by the implementation of the conical scan (conscan) method. The CORAL software detects blue sky conditions and makes the decision to start the instrument based on local meteorological measurements, detection of stars in all-sky images, and analysis of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System data. After the instrument is up and running, the strength of the lidar return signal is used as additional information to assess sky conditions. Safety features in the software allow for the operation of the lidar even in marginal weather, which is a prerequisite to achieving the very high observation cadence.
Examining long-term natural vegetation dynamics in the Aral Sea Basin applying the linear spectral mixture model
Authors: Su Yiting , Wang Dongchuan , Zhao Shuang , Shi Jiancong , Shi Yanqing , Wei Dongying 
Published: March 2021

Background
Associated with the significant decrease in water resources, natural vegetation degradation has also led to many widespread environmental problems in the Aral Sea Basin. However, few studies have examined long-term vegetation dynamics in the Aral Sea Basin or distinguished between natural vegetation and cultivated land when calculating the fractional vegetation cover.

Methods
Based on the multi-temporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, this study examined the natural vegetation coverage by introducing the Linear Spectral Mixture Model to the Google Earth Engine platform, which greatly reduces the experimental time. Further, trend line analysis, Sen trend analysis, and Mann–Kendall trend test methods were employed to explore the characteristics of natural vegetation cover change in the Aral Sea Basin from 2000 to 2018.

Results
Analyses of the results suggest three major conclusions. First, the development of irrigated agriculture in the desert area is the main reason for the decrease in downstream water. Second, with the reduction of water, the natural vegetation coverage in the Aral Sea Basin showed an upward trend of 17.77% from 2000 to 2018. Finally, the main driving factor of vegetation cover changes in the Aral Sea Basin is the migration of cultivated land to the desert.
Comparison of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection rates with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cell surface vimentin (CSV) antibodies in different solid tumors: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Yang , Fan Wan-Hung , Song Zhengbo , Lou Haizhou , Kang Xixong 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Status of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) varies from tumors to tumors. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and cell surface vimentin (CSV) are the most common used targets for isolating epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs, respectively. This study aimed to identify a suitable CTC capturing antibody for CTC enrichment in each solid tumor by comparing CTC detection rates with EpCAM and CSV antibodies in different solid tumors.

Methods
Treatment-naive patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis and healthy people who have performed CTC detection between April 2017 and May 2018 were included in this study. CTC detection was performed with CytoSorter® CTC system using either EpCAM or CSV antibody. In total, 853 CTC results from 690 cancer patients and 72 healthy people were collected for analysis. The performance of CTC capturing antibody was determined by the CTC detection rate.

Results
EpCAM has the highest CTC detection rate of 84.09% in CRC, followed by BCa (78.32%). CTC detection rates with EpCAM antibody are less than 40% in HCC (25%), PDAC (32.5%) and OC (33.33%). CSV has the highest CTC detection rate of 90% in sarcoma, followed by BC (85.71%), UC (84.62%), OC (83.33%) and BCa (81.82%). CTC detection rates with CSV antibody are over 60% in all 14 solid tumors. Except for CRC, CSV has better performances than EpCAM in most solid tumors regarding the CTC detection rates.

Conclusion
EpCAM can be used as a target to isolate CTCs in CRC, LC, GC, BCa, EC, HNSCC, CC and PCa, especially in CRC, while CSV can be used in most solid tumors for isolating CTCs.
Mechanical Manipulation of Nano‐Twinned Ferroelectric Domain Structures for Multilevel Data Storage
Authors: Hou Pengfei , Chen Cheng , Li Bo , Zheng Shuaizhi , Wang Jinbin , Zhong Xiangli , Liao Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFerroelectric materials feature a switchable spontaneous electric polarization and can enable low‐power logic and nonvolatile memories. These applications require reliable and precise control of ferroelectric domains and domain walls in ferroelectric thin films. Mechanical manipulation is a promising route to engineer ferroelectric domains, but it has proved ineffective when going beyond a critical thickness. Here, multi‐step 90° switching polarization reversal processes in (111)‐oriented PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films by applying mechanical forces along the direction parallel to the domain bands are reported. By probing the interrelationships between the relevant order parameters, coupled lattice distortion and piezoelectricity is revealed to facilitate domain switching from downward to upward in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3, a mechanism that is supported by the evolution of domains and electrical performances at different temperatures and under varying pressures, respectively. The multi‐step domain reversal processes render PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films an excellent candidate for multilevel data storage. The study's results have implications for the manipulation of polarization switching in ferroelectrics and open an avenue to domain reversal driven by mechanical loads for the development of next‐generation ferroelectric devices.
Asynchronous Double Schiff Base Formation of Pyrazole Porous Polymers for Selective Pd Recovery
Authors: Garai Mousumi , Mahato Manmatha , Hong Yeongran , Rozyyev Vepa , Jeong Uiseok , Ullah Zakir , Yavuz Cafer T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPyrazole‐linked covalent organic polymer is synthesized using an asynchronous double Schiff base from readily available monomers. The one‐pot reaction features no metals as a building block or reagent, hence facilitating the structural purity and industrial scalability of the design. Through a single‐crystal study on a model compound, the double Schiff base formation is found to follow syn addition, a kinetically favored product, suggesting that reactivity of the amine and carbonyls dictate the order and geometry of the framework building. The highly porous pyrazole polymer COP‐214 is chemically resistant in reactive conditions for over two weeks and thermally stable up to 425 °C in air. COP‐214 shows well‐pronounced gas capture and selectivities, and a high CO2/N2 selectivity of 102. The strongly coordinating pyrazole sites show rapid uptake and quantitative selectivity of Pd (II) over several coordinating metals (especially Pt (II)) at all pH points that are tested, a remarkably rare feature that is best explained by detailed analysis as the size‐selective strong coordination of Pd onto pyrazoles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show energetically favorable Pd binding between the metal and N‐sites of COP‐214. The polymer is reusable multiple times without loss of activity, providing great incentives for an industrial prospect.
Efficient Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Internalized Bacteria by AIEgens In Vivo
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Fei , Zhang Jiangjiang , Liu Xiaoye , Xiao Peihong , Bai Haotian , Chen Shang , Wang Dong , Sung Simon H. P. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Shen Jianzhong , Zhu Kui , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacteria infected cells acting as “Trojan horses” not only protect bacteria from antibiotic therapies and immune clearance, but also increase the dissemination of pathogens from the initial sites of infection. Antibiotics are hard and insufficient to treat such hidden internalized bacteria, especially multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) such as N,N‐diphenyl‐4‐(7‐(pyridin‐4‐yl) benzo [c] [1,2,5] thiadiazol‐4‐yl) aniline functionalized with 1‐bromoethane (TBP‐1) and (3‐bromopropyl) trimethylammonium bromide (TBP‐2) (TBPs) show potent broad‐spectrum bactericidal activity against both extracellular and internalized Gram‐positive pathogens. TBPs trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated membrane damage to kill bacteria, regardless of light irradiation. TBPs effectively kill bacteria without the development of resistance. Additionally, such AIEgens activate mitochondria dependent autophagy to eliminate internalized bacteria in host cells. Compared to the routinely used vancomycin in clinic, TBPs demonstrate comparable efficacy against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vivo. The studies suggest that AIEgens are promising new agents for the treatment of MDR bacteria associated infections.
Bio‐Inspired Soft Grippers Based on Impactive Gripping
Authors: Zhou Liang , Ren Lili , Chen You , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrasping and manipulation are fundamental ways for many creatures to interact with their environments. Different morphologies and grasping methods of “grippers” are highly evolved to adapt to harsh survival conditions. For example, human hands and bird feet are composed of rigid frames and soft joints. Compared with human hands, some plants like Drosera do not have rigid frames, so they can bend at arbitrary points of the body to capture their prey. Furthermore, many muscular hydrostat animals and plant tendrils can implement more complex twisting motions in 3D space. Recently, inspired by the flexible grasping methods present in nature, increasingly more bio‐inspired soft grippers have been fabricated with compliant and soft materials. Based on this, the present review focuses on the recent research progress of bio‐inspired soft grippers based on impactive gripping. According to their types of movement and a classification model inspired by biological “grippers”, soft grippers are classified into three types, namely, non‐continuum bending‐type grippers, continuum bending‐type grippers, and continuum twisting‐type grippers. An exhaustive and updated analysis of each type of gripper is provided. Moreover, this review offers an overview of the different stiffness‐controllable strategies developed in recent years.
Zn2+–Imidazole Coordination Crosslinks for Elastic Polymeric Binders in High‐Capacity Silicon Electrodes
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Park Kiho , Cho Yunshik , Shin Hyuksoo , Kim Sungchan , Char Kookheon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent research has built a consensus that the binder plays a key role in the performance of high‐capacity silicon anodes in lithium‐ion batteries. These anodes necessitate the use of a binder to maintain the electrode integrity during the immense volume change of silicon during cycling. Here, Zn2+–imidazole coordination crosslinks that are formed to carboxymethyl cellulose backbones in situ during electrode fabrication are reported. The recoverable nature of Zn2+–imidazole coordination bonds and the flexibility of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains are jointly responsible for the high elasticity of the binder network. The high elasticity tightens interparticle contacts and sustains the electrode integrity, both of which are beneficial for long‐term cyclability. These electrodes, with their commercial levels of areal capacities, exhibit superior cycle life in full‐cells paired with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes. The present study underlines the importance of highly reversible metal ion‐ligand coordination chemistries for binders intended for high capacity alloying‐based electrodes.
COVID‐19 educational innovation: Hybrid in‐person and virtual simulation for emergency medicine trainees
Authors: Austin Andrea , Rudolf Frances , Fernandez Jorge , Ishimine Paul , Murray Matthew , Suresh Preetham , McDaniel Michele , Shishlov Kirill , Oyama Leslie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected medical education. Emergency medicine (EM) requires excellence in multiple core competencies, including leadership, teamwork, and communication skills as well as procedural experience. To meet these objectives, we developed a hybrid simulation model that accommodated a reduced number of learners in our simulation center to allow for physical distancing, seamlessly integrated with an online integrated experience for remote learners. All learners participated or watched one adult and one pediatric simulation case. Fourteen residents participated in live simulation, while six residents and six medical students comprised the remote group. At the end of each case, the live feed was ended, and separate debriefings were conducted by different EM faculty, in person and online (via Zoom). An electronic survey was then sent to participants to rate the effectiveness of the intervention; 23 survey responses were collected: 52.2% (12) from the live session and 47.2% (11) from the virtual session. Survey results demonstrated that the online simulation observation and debriefing had the same, if not better, satisfaction than in‐person simulation sessions and debriefings. Due to its success, this new method of hybrid simulation will be our plan for the foreseeable future, at least until COVID‐19 abates.
Cynodontium luthii sp. nov.: a permineralized moss gametophyte from the Late Cretaceous of the North Slope of Alaska
Authors: Bippus Alexander C. , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A. 
Published: March 2021

PREMISEMosses are a major component of Arctic vegetation today, with >500 species known to date. However, the origins of the Arctic moss flora are poorly documented in the fossil record, especially prior to the Pliocene. Here, we present the first anatomically preserved pre‐Cenozoic Arctic moss and discuss how the unique biology of bryophytes has facilitated their success in polar environments over geologic time.METHODSA permineralized fossil moss gametophyte within a block of Late Cretaceous terrestrial limestone, collected along the Colville River on the North Slope of Alaska, was studied in serial sections prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique.RESULTSThe moss gametophyte is branched and has leaves with a broad base, narrow blade, and excurrent costa. We describe this fossil as Cynodontium luthii sp. nov., an extinct species of a genus that is known from the High Arctic today. Cynodontium luthii is the oldest evidence of the family Rhabdoweisiaceae (by ≥18 Ma) and reveals that genera of haplolepideous mosses known in the extant Arctic flora also lived in high‐latitude temperate deciduous forests during the Late Cretaceous.CONCLUSIONSThe occurrence of C. luthii in Cretaceous sediments, together with a rich Pliocene‐to‐Holocene fossil record of extant moss genera in the High Arctic, suggests that some moss lineages have exploited their poikilohydric, cold‐ and desiccation‐tolerant physiology to live in the region when it experienced both temperate and freezing climates.
Within‐family intergenerational trends in age at menarche relative to political changes in Czechoslovakia after World War II
Authors: Sekajová Zuzana , Liczbińska Grażyna , Králík Miroslav , Čuta Martin , Ingrová Pavlína 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine a secular trend in age at menarche (AAM) in the former Czechoslovak (and descendant Slovak and Czech) population in relation to its large‐scale political and social events taking place after World War II.MethodsThe study included 211 women aged 18–30 (born during 1984–1998), and their relatives: mothers, sisters, and grandmothers, yielding a total of 421 women. Changes in retrospectively recalled AAM between the three generations of women (oldest—grandmothers, middle—mothers, and youngest—daughters) were studied in pairwise comparisons. Relationships between AAM and the birth/conception date were analyzed relative to three events in the post‐WWII Czechoslovakia (1948, 1968, and 1989).ResultsAAM was the highest in the oldest generation, slightly lower in the middle generation and the lowest in the youngest generation. Mixed‐Effect Model showed statistically significant interaction between the date of conception, historical events, and the period before and after the event.ConclusionsThe recorded decline in AAM is congruent with secular trends reported in the literature. However, the decreasing trend was not linear and included an increase in AAM in women conceived within the five‐year period after the invasion of Czechoslovakia by communist armies in 1968.
Sleep and behavior in children and adolescents with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Zambrelli Elena , Turner Katherine , Peron Angela , Leidi Alessia , La Briola Francesca , Vignoli Aglaia , Canevini Maria Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSleep disorders are frequent in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) during the developmental age but are not well characterized. Forty‐six TSC patients and 46 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were enrolled. Their parents completed the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A total of 17.4% of the TSC patients obtained a total pathologic score at the SDSC versus 4.4% in the control group (p = 0.024). 45.7% of individuals with TSC reported a pathologic score in at least one of the factors. We found a statistically significant difference between the TSC cohort and healthy controls for most of the CBCL scales scores. A significant relationship was found between the Total SDSC score and the Total CBCL score (R‐square = 0.387, p < 0.0001), between the Total SDSC score and the Internalizing and Externalizing areas scores (R‐square = 0.291, p < 0.0001 and R‐square = 0.350, p < 0.0001, respectively) of the CBCL. Sleep disorders are more frequent in TSC than in the general population and correlate with behavior. The use of SDSC and CBCL is proposed as part of the surveillance of TSC patients in the developmental age.