bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
123I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Scintigraphy in Discriminating Degenerative Parkinsonisms
Authors: Catalan Mauro , Dore Franca , Polverino Paola , Bertolotti Claudio , Sartori Arianna , Antonutti Lucia , Cucca Alberto , Furlanis Giovanni , Capitanio Selene , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackground123I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I‐MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy is a useful technique to differentiate Parkinson's disease (PD) from atypical parkinsonisms, since it is generally abnormal in PD and normal in the latter. Reduction of myocardial MIBG uptake is a supportive feature in the latest PD diagnostic criteria.ObjectivesTo explore the clinical contribution of myocardial scintigraphy in discriminating different forms of parkinsonisms, especially when atypical features are present.MethodsForty‐one patients with parkinsonism underwent a 123I‐MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in our Movement Disorders Center. Disease evolution was reviewed by applying the latest disease criteria for PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), as appropriate. Three diagnostic times were defined: T1 (before scintigraphy execution), T2 (immediately after the exam) and T3 (two years later). Early and delayed heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratios and washout rate (WR) were analyzed.ResultsMyocardial scintigraphy showed impaired MIBG uptake in 12 out of 15 patients with a definite PD diagnosis, while normal uptake was found in 20 of 26 patients with no‐PD. Early and delayed H/M ratios were significantly lower in PD compared to overall no‐PD patients and MSA patients. 123I‐MIBG myocardial scintigraphy was abnormal in all PD patients with dysautonomia. After 123I‐MIBG myocardial scintigraphy (T2), in 9 patients (22%) an improvement of diagnostic accuracy was reached.ConclusionsDiagnostic accuracy of myocardial scintigraphy in distinguishing PD from atypical parkinsonism was suboptimal. Nevertheless, this study confirmed the relevance of 123I‐MIBG myocardial scintigraphy for the discrimination of PD from atypical parkinsonism, especially when dysautonomic symptoms are present.
An augmented K‐means clustering approach for the detection of distributed denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Marvi Murk , Arfeen Asad , Uddin Riaz 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe problem of distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attack detection remains challenging due to new and innovative methods developed by attackers to evade the deployed security systems. In this work, we devise an unsupervised machine learning (ML)‐based approach for the detection of different types of DDoS attacks by augmenting the performance of K‐means clustering algorithm with the aid of a hybrid method for feature selection and extraction. By sequentially combining an integrated feature selection (IFS) algorithm and a deep autoencoder (DAE), we develop the hybrid method for extracting encoded features, which can better separate the clusters of benign and malicious network flows. We formulate the problem of DDoS attack detection as a binary clustering of network flows. Although K‐means clustering is the simplest and widely used algorithm, we investigate its performance for DDoS attack detection before and after applying the proposed hybrid method for feature selection and extraction. Our results show that after employing the proposed hybrid method, the performance of K‐means clustering model improves, and it is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art supervised ML and deep learning (DL)‐based methods developed for DDoS attack detection.
In‐Silico‐Inspired Design of 1,3‐Diynyl Congeners of Noscapine as Promising Tubulin‐Binding Anticancer Agent: Chemical Synthesis and Cellular Activity with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Pragyandipta Pratyush , Meher Rajesh K. , Naik Manas R. , Nagireddy Praveen K. R. , Pedapati Ravi K , Kantevari Srinivas , Naik Pradeep K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA panel of 1,3‐diynyl‐noscapinoids (20–22) were strategically designed to increase the anticancer activity of the lead molecule, noscapine. Structure‐activity analyses revealed strong predicted free energy of binding (ΔGbind,pred) of −6.694, −7.294 and −7.468 kcal/mol, for 20–22 respectively compared to noscapine (experimental free energy of binding (ΔGbind,expt) is −5.246 kcal/mol). These novel derivatives were demonstrated to bind tubulin by fluorescence quenching assay and Far‐UV circular dichroism. Further, they were tested to exhibit potent cytotoxic activity compared to noscapine using two human breast cancer cell lines. The IC50 value for noscapine, 20, 21 and 22 has been derived to be 35.2, 27.3, 18.7 and 12.7 μM using MCF7 and 39.6, 31.4, 22.5 and 16.1 μM using MDAMB‐231. These derivatives were found to arrest cell cycle in the G2/M‐phase followed by apoptosis and appearance of TUNEL‐positive cells. Thus, we conclude that 1,3‐diynyl derivatives of noscapine have great potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for breast cancers.
Novel Products of Nitrosation of a Series of Trihydroxybenzene Derivatives and Their Complexation with Cu(II), Cd(II) and Fe(III): Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Modeling
Authors: Van Nguyen Anh , Ngoc Vu Anh Thi , Utenyshev Andrey N. , Kovalchukova Olga V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree novel bis‐ and trinitroso compounds derived from 1,3,5‐trihydrohybenzene (phloroglucinol), 2,4,6–trihydroxy benzoic acid, and 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone were isolated, their spectral characteristics, ionization constants and thermodynamic parameters of dissociation process were calculated. The comparison of the stability of nitroso and hydroxylimino tautomeric forms was performed by DFT calculations. Nine complexes of the ligands with Cu(II), Cd(II), and Fe(III), were isolated and studied by elemental analyses, X Ray analysis and spectroscopic methods. According to the crystal structure determination, the Cd complex with the phloroglucinol based ligand exists in the form of a binuclear compound. The QTAIM Bader topological analysis indicated that the binuclearity of the Cd complex is due to strong interatomic interactions between Cd atoms with bifurcate carbonyl groups of the ligands and strong H‐interactions involving coordinated and lattice water molecules. The equilibria of reactions of complex formation of the organic species with Cu2+, Cd2+, and Fe3+was studied by spectrophotometric titration, and the composition of the complexes in solutions and their stability constants were calculated. The ability of the isolated organics to remove metal cations from the aqueous solutions was studied in the pH interval 3–6 and the rate of Cu2+removal from aqueous solutions was found close to 100 %.
Islands and Page curves of Reissner-Nordström black holes
Authors: Wang Xuanhua , Li Ran , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We apply the recently proposed quantum extremal surface construction to calculate the Page curve of the eternal Reissner-Nordström black holes in four dimensions ignoring the backreaction and the greybody factor. Without the island, the entropy of Hawking radiation grows linearly with time, which results in the information paradox for the eternal black holes. By extremizing the generalized entropy that allows the contributions from the island, we find that the island extends to the outside the horizon of the Reissner-Nordström black hole. When taking the effect of the islands into account, it is shown that the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation at late times for a given region far from the black hole horizon reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the Reissner-Nordström black hole with an additional term representing the effect of the matter fields. The result is consistent with the finiteness of the entanglement entropy for the radiation from an eternal black hole. This facilitates to address the black hole information paradox issue in the current case under the above-mentioned approximations.
Comprehensive analysis of beta decays within and beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín , Naviliat-Cuncic Oscar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Precision measurements in allowed nuclear beta decays and neutron decay are reviewed and analyzed both within the Standard Model and looking for new physics. The analysis incorporates the most recent experimental and theoretical developments. The results are interpreted in terms of Wilson coefficients describing the effective interactions between leptons and nucleons (or quarks) that are responsible for beta decay. New global fits are performed incorporating a comprehensive list of precision measurements in neutron decay, superallowed 0+→ 0+ transitions, and other nuclear decays that include, for the first time, data from mirror beta transitions. The results confirm the V-A character of the interaction and translate into updated values for Vud and gA at the 10−4 level. We also place new stringent limits on exotic couplings involving left-handed and right-handed neutrinos, which benefit significantly from the inclusion of mirror decays in the analysis.
The Elastic Flow with Obstacles: Small Obstacle Results
Authors: Müller Marius 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider a parabolic obstacle problem for Euler’s elastic energy of graphs with fixed ends. We show global existence, well-posedness and subconvergence provided that the obstacle and the initial datum are suitably ‘small’. For symmetric cone obstacles we can improve the subconvergence to convergence. Qualitative aspects such as energy dissipation, coincidence with the obstacle and time regularity are also examined.
„Das muss man so nehmen.“ Eine Studie zum subjektiven Erleben der Coronapandemie älterer hilfe- und pflegebedürftiger Menschen in der Häuslichkeit
Authors: Nikelski Angela , Trompetter Eva , Feldmann Stefanie , Whittaker Esther-Sarah , Boekholt Melanie , Chikhradze Nino , Kracht Friederike , Lücker Petra , Vollmar Horst Christian , Thyrian Jochen René , Kreisel Stefan H. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Da ältere Menschen ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere und letale Verläufe einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion aufweisen, erfahren sie besondere Aufmerksamkeit, die sich jedoch häufig einseitig auf ihre Schutzbedürftigkeit bezieht. Erforderlich ist eine Auseinandersetzung, die ihren subjektiven Wirklichkeiten Rechnung trägt und neben Risiken auch Ressourcen berücksichtigt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie stellt die Perspektiven älterer Menschen in den Mittelpunkt, und Ziel ist es, ihr subjektives Erleben der Coronapandemie zu beleuchten. Gefragt wird danach, wie sie die Pandemie, Risiken, Folgen und Schutzmaßnahmen erleben, inwiefern sich diese auf ihren Lebensalltag auswirken und wie sie damit umgehen.

Material und Methoden
Im Mai und Juni 2020 wurden 12 leitfadengestützte Telefoninterviews durchgeführt. Befragt wurden 9 Frauen und 3 Männer zwischen 77 und 91 Jahren, die in der eigenen Häuslichkeit leben, gesundheitlich beeinträchtigt, hilfe- und pflegebedürftig sind. Die Daten wurden mittels strukturierender Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Befragten machen sich i. Allg. Sorgen aufgrund der Coronapandemie, schätzen die eigene Gefährdung aber als gering ein. Sie sehen sich von den unmittelbaren Folgen der Krise kaum betroffen oder stark in ihrem Alltag eingeschränkt. Unsicherheiten erleben sie im sozialen Lebensbereich, wobei die Angst vor Einsamkeit zentral ist. Sie halten die Schutzmaßnahmen insgesamt für angemessen, kritisieren aber frühzeitige Lockerungen, familiäre Kontaktbeschränkungen und den Umgang mit Sterbenden.

Diskussion
Ein moderates Ausmaß unmittelbarer persönlicher Betroffenheit, Akzeptanz und Anpassungsfähigkeit prägen das Erleben und den Umgang älterer Menschen mit der Coronapandemie. Sichtbar werden Ressourcen und Kompetenzen im Umgang mit der Krise.
Brokerbot: A Cryptocurrency Chatbot in the Social-technical Gap of Trust
Authors: Lee Minha , Frank Lily , IJsselsteijn Wijnand 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCryptocurrencies are proliferating as instantiations of blockchain, which is a transparent, distributed ledger technology for validating transactions. Blockchain is thus said to embed trust in its technical design. Yet, blockchain’s technical promise of trust is not fulfilled when applied to the cryptocurrency ecosystem due to many social challenges stakeholders experience. By investigating a cryptocurrency chatbot (Brokerbot) that distributed information on cryptocurrency news and investments, we explored social tensions of trust between stakeholders, namely the bot’s developers, users, and the bot itself. We found that trust in Brokerbot and in the cryptocurrency ecosystem are two conjoined, but separate challenges that users and developers approached in different ways. We discuss the challenging, dual-role of a Brokerbot as anobject of trustas a chatbot while simultaneously being amediator of trustin cryptocurrency, which exposes the social-technical gap of trust. Lastly, we elaborate on trust as a negotiated social process that people shape and are shaped by through emerging ecologies of interlinked technologies like blockchain and conversational interfaces.
The role of increasing riverbank vegetation density on flow dynamics across an asymmetrical channel
Authors: Valyrakis Manousos , Liu Da , Turker Umut , Yagci Oral 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the last two decades, the role of vegetation in the environmental and ecological restoration of surface water bodies has received much attention. In this context, the momentum exchange between the flow through the main channel and the riparian zone is a key mechanism. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the role of bank vegetation density on flow dynamics across the whole channel. This experimental study presents the major findings from a series of flow measurements across a channel having a sloping bank with vegetation at varying densities. The experiments are conducted under the same, uniform flow and fixed bed conditions, for a range of six linear and rectilinear arrangements of incremental streambank vegetation densities. A set of ten velocity profiles is obtained across the test cross-section of the channel, including the riverbank, for each vegetation density. These flow measurements are analyzed to derive roughness coefficients, which are related to the bulk flow velocities through the main channel and the riverbank and discuss the redistribution of flow velocities. An approximate doubling for the estimates of time-averaged boundary shear stress at the main channel, is observed for the case of no to dense vegetation, which enable further discussing implications for the stability of bed surface material. It is found that the vegetation arrangement, in addition to vegetation density, can have a strong impact in modifying the mean flow velocity at the main channel, for low riparian densities (φ < 0.6%).

Highlights

Flow dynamics are measured across the whole channel, including the vegetated riverbank.

As stem density increases, mean flow velocity in the main channel increases while mean flow at the riverbank decreases.

The arrangement of riparian vegetation can be as important as that of the density, in modifying the mean flow field of the main channel, for low riparian densities.

Bed shear stresses at the main channel are estimated to increase with riverbank vegetation, reducing the stability of the stream’s bed surface.
Examining the Potential Mental Health Costs of Defending Victims of Bullying: a Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Trach Jessica , Garandeau Claire F. , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt has been speculated that defending victims of bullying is stressful for youth, and may contribute to poor mental health among those who regularly intervene to defend their victimized peers. However, the extant literature is thus far primarily limited to correlational, single-informant studies. The current study examined the concurrent and prospective mental health costs (e.g., social anxiety, depressive symptoms) of peer-reported defending among 4085 youth (43.9% boys; Mage = 14.56, SD = 0.75). Moreover, we examined two potential moderators (victimization and popularity) of the association between defending and internalizing problems. Analyses revealed that there was no evidence of a direct, positive relationship between defending and internalizing symptoms. However, a positive, concurrent association was found between defending and social anxiety, but only among youth who reported that they were also victims – the association was negative among non-victimized youth. In addition, both peer-reported victimization and social status were found to moderate the longitudinal relationship between defending and later symptoms of depression. Specifically, among low-status highly victimized youth, defending was associated with an increased risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, whereas high-status youth who were rarely seen as victims reported decreased symptoms of depression at T2 if they also had a reputation for defending others. The findings suggest that defending others is likely not a risk factor for youth who are not already vulnerable and/or have the protection of high status, and may actually have a protective effect for these youth.
Sensitivity Study of Design Parameters for a Fuel Cell Powered Multirotor Drone
Authors: Apeland Jørgen , Pavlou Dimitrios G. , Hemmingsen Tor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe use of multirotor drones for industrial applications is accelerating, and fuel cell based propulsion systems are highlighted as a promising approach to improve endurance – one of the current main limitations. Due to multirotor drones’ unique requirements, careful system design is needed to maximize the performance advantage. In this work a sensitivity analysis that quantifies the impact of central system parameters for an X8 multirotor drone with a 2 kW fuel cell hybrid system is presented and discussed. Thrust stand measurements identified a 20–30% efficiency loss from the coaxial configuration, and a ‘single’ configuration can reduce power consumption by 700 W at 25 kg take-off mass. Thus, a smaller fuel cell system can be used, giving an additional 1 kg mass saving and 75–140 W power reduction. Peak endurance is found at a 0.67 energy system weight fraction, and if batteries are improved from 180 Wh/kg to 350 Wh/kg, the energy system mass threshold from where fuel cells are superior rises from 7.4 kg to 8.5 kg. At 700 bar, a 3 L hydrogen cylinder can replace a 6 L at 300 bar, provide a 72-min endurance, and is the preferred option to reach minimum system volume. This work provides guidance in early conceptual stages and insights on how fuel cell based powerplants for multirotors can be improved and optimized to increase their value proposition. Further research can expand the work to cover other system variations and do experimental testing of system performance.
Large scale multi-label learning using Gaussian processes
Authors: Panos Aristeidis , Dellaportas Petros , Titsias Michalis K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce a Gaussian process latent factor model for multi-label classification that can capture correlations among class labels by using a small set of latent Gaussian process functions. To address computational challenges, when the number of training instances is very large, we introduce several techniques based on variational sparse Gaussian process approximations and stochastic optimization. Specifically, we apply doubly stochastic variational inference that sub-samples data instances and classes which allows us to cope with Big Data. Furthermore, we show it is possible and beneficial to optimize over inducing points, using gradient-based methods, even in very high dimensional input spaces involving up to hundreds of thousands of dimensions. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach on several real-world large-scale multi-label learning problems.
autoBOT: evolving neuro-symbolic representations for explainable low resource text classification
Authors: Škrlj Blaž , Martinc Matej , Lavrač Nada , Pollak Senja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLearning from texts has been widely adopted throughout industry and science. While state-of-the-art neural language models have shown very promising results for text classification, they are expensive to (pre-)train, require large amounts of data and tuning of hundreds of millions or more parameters. This paper explores how automatically evolved text representations can serve as a basis for explainable, low-resource branch of models with competitive performance that are subject to automated hyperparameter tuning. We present autoBOT (automatic Bags-Of-Tokens), an autoML approach suitable for low resource learning scenarios, where both the hardware and the amount of data required for training are limited. The proposed approach consists of an evolutionary algorithm that jointly optimizes various sparse representations of a given text (including word, subword, POS tag, keyword-based, knowledge graph-based and relational features) and two types of document embeddings (non-sparse representations). The key idea of autoBOT is that, instead of evolving at the learner level, evolution is conducted at the representation level. The proposed method offers competitive classification performance on fourteen real-world classification tasks when compared against a competitive autoML approach that evolves ensemble models, as well as state-of-the-art neural language models such as BERT and RoBERTa. Moreover, the approach is explainable, as the importance of the parts of the input space is part of the final solution yielded by the proposed optimization procedure, offering potential for meta-transfer learning.
Pain and the field of affordances: an enactive approach to acute and chronic pain
Authors: Coninx Sabrina , Stilwell Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the societal and personal impacts of pain, and the fact that we still lack an effective method of treatment, has motivated researchers from diverse disciplines to try to think in new ways about pain and its management. In this paper, we aim to develop an enactive approach to pain and the transition to chronicity. Two aspects are central to this project. First, the paper conceptualizes differences between acute and chronic pain, as well as the dynamic process of pain chronification, in terms of changes in the field of affordances. This is, in terms of the possibilities for action perceived by subjects in pain. As such, we aim to do justice to the lived experience of patients as well as the dynamic role of behavioral learning, neural reorganization, and socio-cultural practices in the generation and maintenance of pain. Second, we aim to show in which manners such an enactive approach may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of pain that avoids conceptual and methodological issues of reductionist and fragmented approaches. It proves particularly beneficial as a heuristic in pain therapy addressing the heterogenous yet dynamically intertwined aspects that may contribute to pain and its chronification.