bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Intake, Intestinal Infection, and Safe Drinking Water Among Children with Anemia in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Westgard Christopher M , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis A. , Calderón Liz Franco , Rogers Alexandra M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p=0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.64, CI 95% [1.041-2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.578, [0.334-0.998]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.
Dopaminergic stimulation leads B-cell infiltration into the central nervous system upon autoimmunity
Authors: Prado Carolina , Osorio-Barrios Francisco , Espinoza Alexandra , Saez Juan J , Yuseff María I , Pacheco Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a CD4+ T-cell-driven autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) derived antigens. Previous evidence has suggested that B-cells play a fundamental role as antigen-presenting cells (APC) in mouse models of MS re-stimulating CD4+ T-cells in the CNS as well as regulating the T-cell response by mean of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite an important dopaminergic regulation of T-cells has been previously described in MS, the effects of dopaminergic signalling in B-cells in this pathology remains unexplored. Here we addressed the role of the dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3), which display the highest affinity for dopamine, in B-cells in animal models of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice harbouring Drd3-deficient or Drd3-suficient B-cells. Our data shows that, by promoting the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in autoreactive B-cells, DRD3-stimulation favours the CNS-tropism in a subset of B-cells that act as APC in the CNS, which is fundamental for disease development. Furthermore, we found that DRD3-stimulation induced the expression of the CNS-homing molecule CD49d in a B-cell subset with anti-inflammatory features, thus attenuating EAE manifestation in a CNS-autoimmunity model independent of the APC function of B-cells. Our findings demonstrate that DRD3-stimulation in B-cells exerts a dual role in CNS-autoimmunity, favouring CNS-tropism of pro-inflammatory B-cells with APC function, and also promoting CNS-homing of B-cells with anti-inflammatory features. Thus, these results show DRD3-stimulation in B-cells as a key regulator of CNS-autoimmunity.
Exercise-therapy and education for individuals one year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Patterson Brooke , Barton Christian , Culvenor Adam , Cooper Randall , Crossley Kay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Guided rehabilitation beyond 6-months is rare following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), despite high prevalence of unacceptable symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Our primary aim was to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a physiotherapist-guided intervention for individuals 1-year post-ACLR with persistent symptoms. Our secondary aim was to determine if a worthwhile treatment effect could be observed for the lower-limb focussed intervention (compared to the trunk-focussed intervention), for improvement in knee-related QoL, symptoms, and function. Design: Participant- and assessor-blinded, pilot feasibility RCT.Methods: Participant eligibility criteria: i) 12-15 months post-ACLR; ii) <87.5/100 on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) QoL subscale; and either a one-leg rise test <22 repetitions, single-hop <90% limb symmetry; or Anterior Knee Pain Scale <87/100. Participants were randomised to lower-limb or trunk-focussed focussed exercise and education.. Both interventions involved 8 face-to-face physiotherapy sessions over 16-weeks. Feasibility was assessed by eligibility rate (>1 in 3 screened), recruitment rate (> 4 participants/month), retention (<20% drop-out), physiotherapy attendance and unsupervised exercise adherence (>80%). Between-group differences for knee-related QoL (KOOS-QoL, ACL-QoL), symptoms (KOOS-Pain, KOOS-Symptoms), and function (KOOS-Sport, functional performance tests) were used to verify that the worthwhile effect (greater than the minimal detectable change for each measure) was contained within the 95% confidence interval. Results: 47% of those screened were eligible, and 27 participants (3 participants/month; 48% men, 34±12 years) were randomised. Two did not commence treatment, and two were lost to follow-up (16% drop-out). Physiotherapy attendance was >80% for both groups but reported adherence to unsupervised exercise was low (<55%). Both interventions had potentially worthwhile effects for KOOS-QoL and ACL-QoL, while the lower-limb focussed intervention had potentially greater effects for KOOS-Sport, KOOS-Pain, and functional performance.Conclusions: A larger-scale RCT is warranted. All feasibility criteria were met, or reasonable recommendations could be made to achieve the criteria in future trials. Strategies to increase recruitment rate and exercise adherence are required. The potential worthwhile effects for knee-related QoL, symptoms, and function indicates a fully-powered RCT may detect a clinically meaningful effect.Trial Registration: Prospectively registered (ACTRN12616000564459).
Age-related changes in postural control in older women: transitional tasks in step initiation
Authors: Michalska Justyna , Kamieniarz Anna , Sobota Grzegorz , Stania Magdalena , Juras Grzegorz , Słomka Kajetan J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Aging, being a natural process, involves many functional and structural changes within the body. Identifying the age-related postural changes will provide insight into the role of aging on postural control during locomotion. The aim of this study was to identify age-related postural changes during a transitional task under different conditions.Methods: Sixty healthy females divided into three age groups: A (50-60 y/o), B (60-70 y/o), and C (70-80 y/o). The transitional task was measured by two force platforms. The procedure consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transfer onto a second platform, and quiet standing on the second platform. Four different conditions were applied: unperturbed transfer, obstacle crossing, step-up, and step-down. Double-support time, transit time, and stability time before and after the step task were analyzed.Results: The transit time was longer by 30% for subjects over 70 y/o. The double-support time was longer by 11% among adults 60-70 y/o, while in people over 70 y/o it was longer by almost 50% compared to the 50-60 y/o subjects. The stability time before the transitional task was longer by 17% among adults over 60 y/o compared to middle-age subjects. The stability times before and after the transitional task were longer for adults in the 50-60 y/o category. Conclusion: The proposed procedure is adequate for assessing age-related changes in postural control while undergoing a transitional task. An analysis of the double-support time and stability time before and after the step task enabled the detection of early signs of balance changes in middle-age adults. Independent of age, the transitional task parameters changed with the increasing difficulty of the tasks.
An Investigation into the Cause of Road Failure Along Sagamu-Papalanto Highway Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: UBIDO OYEM EMMANUEL , Ogbonnaya Igwe , Ukah Bernadette Uche 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Investigation into the cause of road failure has been carried out along a 60km long Sagamu –Papalanto highway southwestern Nigeria. Geochemical, mineralogical, geotechnical and geophysical analyses were conducted to evaluate the cause of failure along the study area. The results of the laboratory tests showed that the percentage amount of fines ranges from 12-61.3%, natural moisture content from 6.8 to 19.7%, liquid limit in the range of 25.1-52.2%, linear shrinkage between 3.96 to 12.71%, plastic limit ranges from 18.2-35%, plasticity index ranges from 5.2 to 24.6%, free swell in the range from 5.17 – 43.9%, maximum dry density ranges from 1.51 -1.74g /cm3, specific gravity ranges from 2.52-2.64 and CBR between 3-12%. The Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) shows a resistance value of 20-138 kgf/cm2. The major clay mineral that is predominant in the studied soil is kaolinite. The major oxides present are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO and CaO. The result of the 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging revealed a low resistivity values for profile 2 and 3 ranging from 100 Ωm – 300 Ωm, between a distance of 20m – 240 m along the profile to a depth of 7.60m and a low resistivity value ranging from 50 Ωm – 111Ωm, between a distance of 80 m –120 m along the profile to a depth of 15m. It was concluded that the low CBR, low MDD and the class of subsoils namely A-26, A-7, A-2-7 (clayey soils) which were identified are responsible for the cause of failure experienced in the study area. These makes the soils unsuitable as road construction materials and hence, there is need for stabilization during the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the road.
Rapid water parcel transport across the Kuroshio Extension in the lower thermocline from dissolved oxygen measurements by Seaglider
Authors: Hosoda Shigeki , Inoue Ryuichiro , Nonaka Masami , Sasaki Hideharu , Sasai Yoshikazu , Hirano Mizue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Small water parcels, which are characterized by a low salinity and high dissolved oxygen (DO) are observed by Seaglider in the main thermocline (26.0–27.0 sq) south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), have horizontal and vertical scales of a few ten kilometers and a few ten meters, respectively. Water mass analyses revealed larger negative salinity anomalies (<−0.05) and positive DO anomalies (>15 μmol kg−1) than those of the surrounding water. The characteristics are similar to those of water mass with low salinity and high DO in the subpolar Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Additionally, higher DO anomaly water parcels appear in the upper layer (<26.7 σθ) while low salinity parcels appear in the lower layer (>26.7 sq). Oxygen consumption rates from the apparent oxygen utility suggest that the small water parcels consume less oxygen than the surrounding water, implying that they migrate in a shorter time across the KE after subduction and their characteristics may reflect the sea surface temperature, salinity, and DO in the subduction region. Similar small water parcels represented by high-resolution numerical simulations indicate that they pass through the KE in one month. The simulations support the oxygen consumption rate from the Seaglider observations. The existence of a fast process for water mass migration via meso- and submesoscale subduction processes across the KE affects the amount, subduction, and exchange process of water mass. Our study indicates a small water mass contributes to the exchange process across the KE rapidly, which had not been identified in previous studies. Consequently, detailed observations using multiple Seagliders should capture detailed spatial and temporal variability of the water mass exchange process.
An ADePT evaluation for incorporating the TIPPS periodontal health intervention into primary care ante-natal programmes to enhance infant birthweight in Palestine: a feasibility study.
Authors: Abuhaloob Lamis , Helles Nahla , Mossey Peter , Freeman Ruth 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: A feasibility study was conducted to implement the T alk, I nstruct, P ractice, P lan and S upport (TIPPS) intervention for pregnant women to enhance infant birthweight in a conflict area in L ow and M iddle I ncome C ountries ( LMIC). The decision tool, A process for De cision-making after P ilot and feasibility T rials (ADePT) examines the methodological factors identified in a feasibility study, that may require modification for a full trial. Objectives: To use the ADePT decision tool to evaluate if the feasibility study had achieved its objectives and to identify the need for intervention, clinical context and trial design modification. Basic research design: Feasibility study: a one-arm, pre-test-post-test design. The ADePT framework was applied to evaluate the findings from the feasibility study. Clinical setting: Primary healthcare clinic located in Gaza City, Palestine. Participants: 25 pregnant women in their first trimester and clinic staff. Interventions: The TIPPS periodontal health intervention delivered by ante-natal nurses. Main outcome measures: ADePT checklist: sample size estimation, recruitment, consent, intervention adherence, intervention acceptability, costs and duration, completion and appropriateness of outcome assessments, retention, logistics and synergy between protocol components. Results: 25 pregnant women (aged 16-35 years old) attended the baseline and 22 (88%) completed the second follow-up appointment. This intervention significantly reduced (P<0.001) the mean percentage of plaque and bleeding scores from the baseline to Time 2. The participants stated the value of the intervention. The clinic staff voiced concerns regarding time and the cost of nurses providing the TIPPS intervention. This allowed suggestions to be made regarding the modification of trial design and context of implementation. Conclusions: The ADePT evaluation showed it was possible to progress to full trial with modifications in the trial design.
Factors that influenced access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mambo Simon Binezero , Sikakulya Franck K. , Ssebuufu Robinson , Mulumba Yusuf , Wasswa Henry , Thompson Kelly , Rusatira Jean Christophe , Bhondoekhan Fiona , Kamyuka Louis K. , Akib Surat Olabisi , Kirimuhuzya Claude , Nakawesi Jane , Kyamanywa Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a wide range of disruptions in health care access in many low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to explore factors that influenced access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services among Ugandan youths during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. MethodsThis was an online cross-sectional study carried out from April 2020 to May 2020 in Uganda. An online questionnaire was used and participants aged 18years to 30 years were recruited using the snowballing approach. The statistical analysis was done using STATA version 14.2.Results Out of 724 participants, 203 (28%) reported not having information and/or education concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH). About a quarter of the participants (26.9%, n=195) reported not having access to testing and treatment services of sexually transmitted infections during the lockdown. Lack of transport means was the commonest (68.7%) limiting factor to accessing SRH services during the lockdown followed by the long distance from home to SRH facilities (55.2%), high cost of services (42.2%) and curfew conditions (39.1%). Sexually transmitted infections were the commonest (40.4%) problems related to SRH during the lockdown followed by unwanted pregnancy (32.4%) and sexual abuse (32.4%). Limiting factors were more prevalent among the co-habiting youths [CPR: 1.3 (1.13-1.49) and APR:1.2 (1.06-1.41)] followed by unemployed [CPR: 1.3 (1.09 - 1.53) and APR:1.2 (1 - 1.42)] and non-salaried [APR:1.2 (1- 1.42)] than other participants. The bivariate and multivariate regression analyses indicate that problems were more prevalent among the co-habiting youths [CPR: 2.7 (1.88 - 3.74) and APR: 2.3 (1.6 - 3.29)] followed by the unemployed [CPR: 2 (1.27 - 3.2) and APR: 1.6 (1.03 - 2.64)] than in other categories. ConclusionThe findings of this study show that Ugandan youths had limited access to SRH information and services during the COVID-19 lockdown. Cohabiting and unemployed youths were the most affected by problems related to SRH. Lack of transport means and high cost of services were the major limiting factors to access SRH services among the youths. The findings call for concerted efforts from the Government and other stakeholders to incorporate SRH among the priority services when designing responses to any outbreak crisis.
Quality of life and treatment satisfaction with pharmacological interventions in Chinese adults with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Xue Qingyun , Long Huibin , Lin Jianhao , Du Dongping , Zhou Jin , Chen Jinwei , Li Shu , Zhang Yan Lei , Cheng Yan , Ma Xiao , Zhang Zhiyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Aim of this multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and treatment satisfaction of current medications in Chinese knee OA patients. Methods: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQM-1.4), and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) were assessed in total of 601 OA of knee patients. Impact on QoL (EQ-5D-5L) and treatment satisfaction (TSQM-1.4) by BPI-Severity score (<4 and ≥4) were presented using mean standard deviations (SDs) and were compared using a t-test. For each of self-assessed health EQ-5D-5L and TSQM, a linear regression model was used to estimate the regression coefficient along with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for BPI-Severity. Results: Mean score of EQ-5D-5L of patients with BPI-Severity ≥4 was significantly lower than those with BPI-Severity <4. All the scores of TSQM in 4 dimensions were lower in patients with BPI-Severity ≥4 than in those with BPI-Severity <4. Both HRQoL scores and TSQM scores showed a statistically significant decreasing trend with increasing BPI-Severity pain score. Conclusion: Chronic knee OA pain has a significant impact on patients’ HRQoL. More severe patients with OA were less satisfied with current treatments. Trial registration (Clinical Trials identifier): Not applicable
Aqueous alteration without initial water: Possibility of organic-induced hydration of anhydrous silicates in meteorite parent bodies
Authors: Hirakawa Naoki , Kebukawa Yoko , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Kondo Masashi , Nakano Hideyuki , Kobayashi Kensei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Early evolution of Solar System small bodies proceeded through interactions of mineral and water. Melting of water ice accreted with mineral particles to the parent body results in the formation of secondary minerals, the so-called aqueous alteration. Formation of phyllosilicates from anhydrous silicates is a typical alteration effect recorded in primitive meteorites. In addition to mineral and water, organic matter could have been also a significant component in meteorite parent bodies. However, the role of organic matter in the alteration of silicates is not well understood. We conducted a heating experiment of anhydrous silicate (olivine) with a mixture of organic compounds which simulated primordial organic matter in the Solar System. Dissolution and precipitation features were confirmed on the olivine surface after heating at 300 °C for 10 days, and proto-phyllosilicates were formed in the precipitation area. Magnesite was also detected as concomitant mineral phase. These minerals could be the evidence of aqueous alteration and carbonation of olivine induced by water generated through decomposition of the organic compounds with hydroxy groups. Our result showed that the in-situ formation of hydrated silicates through a mineral-organic interaction without the initial presence of water. It further implies that formation of phyllosilicates on the olivine surface in contact with organic matter can occur in meteorite parent bodies which formed inside the H2O snow line but accreted with organic matter, initially without water. Water formed through decomposition of organic matter could be one candidate for hydrous silicate formation, for example in ordinary chondrites from S-type asteroids inside the H2O snow line. Although the origin of water in ordinary chondrites is under debate, water generation from organic matter may also explain the D-rich water in ordinary chondrites because primordial organic matter is known to be D-rich.
Predictive factors for the medical hospitalisation of patients who visited the emergency department with suicide attempt
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Lee Duk Hee 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Suicide is a significant public health problem. Individuals are estimated to make up to 20 suicide attempts before suicide. The emergency department (ED) is the first location where individuals are brought after a suicide attempt. This study investigated the factors related to delays in the medical hospitalisation of patients who attempted suicide and aimed to provide criteria for hospitalisation decisions by physicians. Methods This study included patients who had deliberately self-harmed (age ≥19 years) and presented at the EDs of two tertiary teaching hospitals between March 2017 and April 2020. Those for whom relevant demographic and clinical information were unavailable and those admitted to the psychiatric wards were excluded. Results This study included 414 patients in the hospitalisation group and 1,346 in the discharged group. The mean patient age was 50.3 ± 20.0 years and 40.7 ± 17.0 years in the hospitalised and discharged groups (p <0.001), respectively. The mean ED length of stay (LOS) was 4.2 ± 12.3 and 11.4 ± 18.8 h in the hospitalised and discharged groups, respectively. In the hospitalised group, the odds ratio and confidence interval for aged 35~64 (2.222, 1.343–3.678), aged over 65 (2.788, 1.416-5.492), sex -male (2.041, 1.302–3.119), and consciousness (1.840, 1.253–2.466). The Risk-Rescue Ratio Scale (RRRS) was (1.298, 1.255–1.343). A receiver operating characteristics analysis of RRRS for the decision to hospitalise patients who attempted suicide showed a cut-off value of 42, with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve being 85.7%, 85.5%, and 0.924, respectively.Conclusion The level of consciousness and the RRRS of patients who attempted suicide can be the factors to decide medical hospitalisation and reduce ED LOS and crowding.