bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral SMEDDS promotes lymphatic transport and mesenteric lymph nodes target of chlorogenic acid for effective T-cell antitumor immunity
Authors: Ye Jun , Gao Yue , Ji Ming , Yang Yanfang , Wang Zhaohui , Wang Baolian , Jin Jing , Li Ling , Wang Hongliang , Xu Xiaoyan , Liao Hengfeng , Lian Chunfang , Xu Yaqi , Li Renjie , Sun Tong , Gao Lili , Li Yan , Chen Xiaoguang , Liu Yuling 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are critical draining lymph nodes of the immune system that accommodate more than half of the body’s lymphocytes, suggesting their potential value as a cancer immunotherapy target. Therefore, efficient delivery of immunomodulators to the MLNs holds great potential for activating immune responses and enhancing the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have attracted increasing attention to improving oral bioavailability by taking advantage of the intestinal lymphatic transport pathway. Relatively little focus has been given to the lymphatic transport advantage of SMEDDS for efficient immunomodulators delivery to the MLNs. In the present study, we aimed to change the intestinal lymphatic transport paradigm from increasing bioavailability to delivering high concentrations of immunomodulators to the MLNs.MethodsChlorogenic acid (CHA)-encapsulated SMEDDS (CHA-SME) were developed for targeted delivery of CHA to the MLNs. The intestinal lymphatic transport, immunoregulatory effects on immune cells, and overall antitumor immune efficacy of CHA-SME were investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsCHA-SME enhanced drug permeation through intestinal epithelial cells and promoted drug accumulation within the MLNs via the lymphatic transport pathway. Furthermore, CHA-SME inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic glioma models by promoting dendritic cell maturation, priming the naive T cells into effector T cells, and inhibiting the immunosuppressive component. Notably, CHA-SME induced a long-term immune memory effect for immunotherapy.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that CHA-SME have great potential to enhance the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CHA by activating antitumor immune responses.
#3117 Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis: a case level meta-analysis
Authors: Teixeira-Dias Maria , Dadwal Amber Kaur , Blackman Graham 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/AimsFregoli syndrome is a rare delusion characterised by the misidentification of an individual, typically of someone who the patient has an emotional link towards. The pathoaetiology of Fregoli syndrome remains largely a mystery, however, it has been described in patients experiencing either a primary or secondary (organic) psychosis. We sought to compare the neuropsychiatric features of Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis.MethodsA patient-level meta-analysis was conducted. Five databases were searched for any descriptions of Fregoli syndrome. The patients and the psychotic episodes details alongside the co-occurring neuropsychiatric features and treatment responses were extracted. A risk of bias assessment was carried by scoring the methodological quality of all case studies. Random-effects models were used to pool the data and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each of the neuropsychiatric features extracted between primary and secondary psychoses groups.ResultsA total of 119 patients (62 with primary psychosis, 50 with secondary psychosis and 7 with mixed or unknown aetiology) with Fregoli syndrome were identified in the English literature. Persecutory features were more likely to occur in patients with primary Fregoli syndrome (OR = 0.26, 95% CI[0.10;0.67], p < 0.01). In addition, Fregoli syndrome in the context of a first-episode psychosis (OR = 11.00, 95% CI [2.45;49.39], p < 0.01) and in the presence of neuroimaging abnormalities (OR = 20.19, 95% CI [4.36; 93.47], p < 0.01) was significantly associated with secondary aetiology. Patients in the secondary psychosis group (n=14) showed more right hemisphere lesions than patients in the primary psychosis group (n=1), however this trend was not significant (p = 0.10). Furthermore, no statistical differences between psychoses groups were found for the demographic, clinical and neurophysiological features analysed.ConclusionsThis is the first meta-analysis investigating the features of Fregoli syndrome in primary and secondary psychosis.Findings suggest that secondary causes of Fregoli syndrome are associated with a first-episode of psychosis and that neuroimaging abnormalities, particularly in the right hemisphere, are associated with a secondary organic cause.
8 Clinical update on delirium
Authors: MacLullich Alasdair MJ 
Published: July 2021

Delirium affects more than 20% of older people in the acute hospital. It is has multiple adverse outcomes including increased length of stay, loss of independence, and increased mortality. The importance of distress in delirium, affecting both patients and carers, has emerged as a core issue in the care of patients with delirium. Additionally, recent research has shown that delirium is associated with a higher risk of new onset dementia as well as acceleration of existing dementia.In this lecture the following topics will be covered: current diagnostic criteria for delirium; updates in understanding of terminology including appropriate use of the terms delirium and acute encephalopathy; epidemiology including the relationship between delirium and future dementia risk; a summary of current understanding of pathophysiology including delirium-dementia relationships; clinical care including detection (distinguishing between episodic and inpatient monitoring tools; treatment; prevention; future directions in clinical care and research.
Approximate Counting of
k
-Paths: Simpler, Deterministic, and in Polynomial Space
Authors: Lokshtanov Daniel , BjÖrklund Andreas , Saurabh Saket , Zehavi Meirav 
Published: July 2021

Recently, Brand et al. [STOC 2018] gave a
randomized
mathcal O(4

k

m
ε
-2
-time exponential-space algorithm to approximately compute the number of paths on
k
vertices in a graph
G
up to a multiplicative error of 1 ± ε based on exterior algebra. Prior to our work, this has been the state-of-the-art. In this article, we revisit the algorithm by Alon and Gutner [IWPEC 2009, TALG 2010], and obtain the following results:

• We present a
deterministic
4

k
+
O
(√
k
(log
k
+log
2
ε
-1
))

m
-time
polynomial-space
algorithm. This
matches
the running time of the best known deterministic polynomial-space algorithm for
deciding
whether a given graph
G
has a path on
k
vertices.

• Additionally, we present a
randomized
4

k
+mathcal O(log
k
(log
k
+logε
-1
))

m
-time
polynomial-space
algorithm. Our algorithm is simple—we only make elementary use of the probabilistic method.

Here,
n
and
m
are the number of vertices and the number of edges, respectively. Additionally, our approach extends to approximate counting of other patterns of small size (such as
q
-dimensional
p
-matchings).
(Invited) Tailored Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Real-Time Monitoring of Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity
Authors: Bisker Gili 
Published: July 2021

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have unique optical and physical properties, and they benefit from the ease of surface functionalization and biocompatibility. Semiconducting SWCNTs fluoresce in the near-infrared (nIR) part of the spectrum, which overlaps with the transparency window of biological samples. The SWCNTs fluorescence is sensitive to the environment, and depending on the surface functionalization, subtle changes in the proximity of the nanotube can result in significant spectral modulations. Hence, SWCNTs can be utilized as optical sensors enabling real-time detection with optical signal transduction1–3. Here, we demonstrate tailored functionalization of SWCNTs, which render the nanotubes substrate for hydrolytic enzymes. We show that the chemical composition and functional groups of the SWCNTs wrapping mediate the interaction between the nanotube and the enzymes. Our results open new avenues for monitoring enzymatic activity with fluorescent nanoparticles and hold great promise for biomedical research and applications.
Reference
(1) Hendler-Neumark, A.; Bisker, G. Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Protein Detection. Sensors
2019, 19 (24), 5403.
(2) Bisker, G.; Bakh, N. A.; Lee, M. A.; Ahn, J.; Park, M.; O’Connell, E. B.; Iverson, N. M.; Strano, M. S. Insulin Detection Using a Corona Phase Molecular Recognition Site on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Sensors
2018, 8 (2), 367–377.
(3) Bisker, G.; Dong, J.; Park, H. D.; Iverson, N. M.; Ahn, J.; Nelson, J. T.; Landry, M. P.; Kruss, S.; Strano, M. S. Protein-Targeted Corona Phase Molecular Recognition. Nat. Commun.
2016, 7, 1–14.
(Invited) Nanotube-Based Nanohybrids: Dyes Encapsulated inside Nanotubes
Authors: Martel Richard 
Published: July 2021

The inner and outer surfaces of a nanotube made of either carbon or boron nitride material can be functionalized to tailor the chemical and optical properties of the assembly. Our studies on the optical properties of dyes encapsulated in nanotubes (dyes@CNT) have shown, for instance, enhancement effects in both Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies, which are of interest for bio-imaging and photonics. A chemical functionalization of the outer wall has also been developed to promote specific chemical interactions of the nanohybrids with a host, such as a biomarker. Here we will review some of our recent progress on the nanotube-based nanohybrids. More particularly, we will present advances towards the development of the boron-nitride nanotube nanohybrids for fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared. New results on the outer functionalization to work more effectively in biological media and infer an optical response to pH will be presented. Lastly, the mechanism of the encapsulation process and the optical response due to aggregation effects of the encapsulated dyes in different conditions will be discussed.
This work was done in collaboration with E. Gaufrès, C. Allard, S. K. Mal, N. Tang, R. Nascimento, C. David, L. Durate, L. Gaboury and S. Blais-Ouellette
(Invited) Ultrasonication-Induced Inner Shell Extraction from Double‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Characterisation By Ultracentrifugation and in Situ Raman and Fluorescence-Excitation Spectroscopy
Authors: Wenseleers Wim , Erkens Maksiem , Cambré Sofie , Flahaut Emmanuel , Fossard Frédéric , Loiseau Annick 
Published: July 2021

We show that ultrasonication extracts inner tubes from double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNT), and characterize the process by density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) combined with in situ spectroscopic characterization in the density gradient. Our observations also cast new light on the question whether or not the inner tubes of DWCNTs fluoresce, which has been the subject of a long-standing debate, even though single‐DWCNT experiments have already shown drastic PL‐quenching for the inner CNT [1]. Indeed, in previous studies to characterise the PL from DWCNTs, they were typically solubilised using sonication, while here we see that upon sonication, the extraction of the inner tubes from the DWCNTs leads to much more, efficiently fluorescing SWCNTs. First, the DWCNTs were purified from SWCNTs and bundles using density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU). Then, sonication is applied, after which the extracted inner tubes were separated from the DWCNTs by DGU and characterised by in situ resonant Raman and PL‐spectroscopy as a function of height in the centrifuge tube [2]. These subsequent in situ DGU experiments unambiguously prove the extraction of inner SWCNTs from DWCNTs, even by very brief sonication, and sonication-time-dependent measurements show that the process quickly saturates.
[1] D. Levshov, R. Parret, H.-N. Tran, T. Michel, T.T. Cao, V.C. Nguyen, R. Arenal, V.N. Popov, S.B. Rochal, J.-L. Sauvajol, A.-A. Zahab, M. Paillet, Phys. Rev. B
96, 195410 (2017).
[2] S. Cambré, P. Muyshondt, R. Federicci, W. Wenseleers, Nanoscale
7, 20015 (2015).
(Invited) Near-Unity Radiative Quantum Efficiency of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Machiya Hidenori , Yamashita Daiki , Ishii Akihiro , Kato Yuichiro 
Published: July 2021

We experimentally determine the radiative quantum efficiency of bright excitons in carbon nanotubes by modifying the exciton dynamics through cavity quantum electrodynamical effects [1]. Specially designed air-mode silicon nanobeam cavities [2,3] are used to obtain efficient coupling to individual air-suspended carbon nanotubes. Spectral and temporal behavior of the cavity enhancement is characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature, and the fraction of the radiative decay process is evaluated. We find that the radiative quantum efficiency is near unity for the bright excitons in suspended nanotubes.
Work supported in part by MIC (SCOPE 191503001), JSPS (KAKENHI JP20H02558, JP20J00817, JP20K15199), MEXT (Nanotechnology Platform JPMX09F19UT0072), and RIKEN (Incentive Research Project). H.M. acknowledges support from RIKEN (Junior Research Associate Program). Finite-difference time-domain calculations are performed using HOKUSAI BigWaterfall supercomputer at RIKEN. We thank the Advanced Manufacturing Support Team at RIKEN for technical assistance.
[1] H. Machiya, D. Yamashita, A. Ishii, Y. K. Kato, in preparation.
[2] R. Miura, S. Imamura, R. Ohta, A. Ishii, X. Liu, T. Shimada, S. Iwamoto, Y. Arakawa, Y. K. Kato, Nat. Commun. 5, 5580 (2014).
[3] H. Machiya, T. Uda, A. Ishii, Y. K. Kato, Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 021101 (2018).
(Invited) Molecular Structure-Based Photoluminescence Modulation of Locally Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Bis-Aryl Functionalization
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Yu Boda , Niidome Yoshiaki , Aoki Haruka , Hayashi Keita , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko 
Published: July 2021

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show photoluminescence (PL) in the near infrared (NIR) region, which is applicable to bioimaging and telecommunication devices. Recently, local chemical functionalization of SWCNTs has been developed to enhance their NIR PL properties, in which defects such as sp3 carbon are locally doped to the crystalline sp2 carbon network of the tube walls by the functionalization.[1-3] Actually, E
11* PL of the locally functionalized SWCNTs (lf-SWCNTs) is observed with red-shifted wavelengths and increased quantum yields compared to original E
11 PL of pristine SWCNTs. It is due to formation of new emissive sites with narrower band gaps and exciton trapping features in the tube structures.
In the local chemical functionalization, doped site structures of the lf-SWCNTs can be changed depending on modifier molecules, which results in effective modulation of the NIR PL wavelengths of the lf-SWCNTs beyond 1000 nm-region. Previously, we have developed bis-aryldiazonium salts (bAs) that have two reactive aryldiazonium groups connected with a methylene linker and observed E
11
2* PL over 1200 nm regions from the lf-SWCNTs with (6,5) chirality based on its proximal aryl functionalization.[4]
Here, we synthesize new modifier molecules with the bis-aryldiazonium motif and modify the geometry of the proximal aryl-functionalized sites of the lf-SWCNTs. As a result, for example, methylene linker positions on the aryldiazonium groups of bAs clearly changed the trend of methylene length-dependent wavelength shifts of E
11
2* PL. [5] Moreover, bAs having rigid linker structures changed peak positions of E
11
2* PL, indicating that the control of the proximal defect configuration would be an effective way for the PL property modulation of lf-SWCNTs. As another aspect of the proximal aryl functionalization, we found that E
11
2* PL showed unique wavelength shift behaviors by microenvironment changes using various organic solvents. The observed trend was different from those of E
11 PL and E
11* PL[6], in which proximal defect distances could be an important factor for their microenvironment responsiveness.
Therefore, molecularly designed bis-aryldiazonium modifiers become promising tools to create structurally controlled bis-aryl functionalized sites of lf-SWCNTs and precisely modulate their NIR PL wavelengths (> 1000 nm).
[1] T. Shiraki et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1846 (2020). [2] S. Tretiak et al., Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1791(2020) [3] Y. Wang et al. Nat. Rev. Chem., 3, 375 (2019). [4] T. Shiraki et al. Sci. Rep., 6, 28393 (2016). [5] T. Shiraki et al. Chem. Lett., 48, 791 (2019). [6] T. Shiraki et al. Chem. Commun., 55, 3662 (2019).

Figure 1
Coupling of Vibrational Modes to the Electron-Hole Continuum in Doped Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Eckstein Klaus , Müller Daniel , Hirsch Florian , Martel Richard , Fischer Ingo , Hertel Tobias 
Published: July 2021

Electron-phonon coupling is at the heart of many physical phenomena like superconductivity, charge transport and the Raman effect (Ferrari2007). Previously, it has been shown that a coupling of vibrational modes to the low-energy electronic continuum absorption in graphene and carbon nanotubes results in transparency windows in the mid-infrared spectral region (Lapointe2012, Lapointe2017). The reduced absorption at the vibrational energies can be attributed to so-called Fano (anti-)resonances (Fano1961).
Here, we present a systematic study of the infrared continuum absorption and such antiresonances in purely semiconducting, monochiral carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-films. We observe strong antiresonances for the Raman active D- and G-phonons, which acquire oscillator strength via coupling to the bright Drude-like intraband continuum in doped CNTs. Both the spectrum of the continuum absorption and the amplitude of the Fano resonances critically depend on the doping level. With increasing carrier concentration, we find a redshift of the Drude peak accompanied with a non-monotonic doping level dependence of the antiresonance intensity. Our observations show that carrier localization and delocalization as well as disorder induced by defects play a critical role for both charge transport and electron-phonon coupling as evidenced by the Fano resonances. We suggest that our findings also have implications for other low-dimensional systems with a low-energy electronic continuum absorption.
C. Ferrari, Solid State Commun.
2007, 143, 47-57.
Lapointe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.
2012, 109, 097402.
Lapointe et al., J. Phys. Chem. C
2017, 121, 9053-9062.
Fano, Phys. Rev.
1961, 124, 1866-1878.
(Invited) Computational Simulations of Selective Interactions between ssDNA and SWCNTs
Authors: Alizadehmojarad Ali A. , Bachilo Sergei M. , Kolomeisky Anatoly , Weisman R. Bruce 
Published: July 2021

Structure-specific interactions between single-stranded DNA oligos and SWCNTs form the basis of important selective sorting methods yet remain poorly understood. Among these interactions is the differential affinity of (ATT)4 for one of the two (7,5) enantiomers. To understand the nature of the affinity difference, we have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by free energy (replica exchange) calculations over the temperature range of 290 to 727 K. Comparisons between the conformational free energy landscapes of (ATT)4 structure on right-handed and left-handed (7,5) SWCNTs (respectively known as M and P in stereochemical convention) suggest that (ATT)4 has more contact area with M than with the P enantiomer. However, the corresponding end-to-end distances of (ATT)4 fall nearly in the same region on the landscape. Our standard MD simulations for (ATTT)3 interactions with SWCNTs also suggest that this DNA sequence covers (8,4) SWCNT more effectively than (7,6) and (8,3) SWCNTs, which is consistent with our recent dye-quenching experiments.
Other experiments have revealed that when guanines in ssDNA oligos are covalently functionalized to SWCNT sidewalls, the extent of functionalization can depend on the position of the guanine within the oligo. Central positions within long oligos (e.g. T15GT15) lead to greater functionalization than end guanine positions (e.g. T30G). We have performed both standard MD and free energy calculations to investigate the source of this effect. For efficient guanine functionalization of SWCNTs, guanine needs to remain adsorbed on the SWCNT surface. Our computational observations suggest that the central guanine within T15GT15 oligo remains adsorbed on the (6,5) SWCNT surface even when the DNA interacts with other neighboring DNA strands. Under these conditions, the end guanine in T30G is destabilized and tends to desorb from (6,5) SWCNT surface due to inter-strand interactions. Our free energy calculations also suggest that oligos with a central guanine assume more elongated DNA conformations at the surface of a (6,5) SWCNT than do oligos with end guanines. We suggest that DNA elongation is associated with more stable adsorption on the SWCNT surface, supporting efficient covalent functionalization of central guanines.

Figure 1
(Invited) Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces between Perovskite Semiconductors and Semiconducting SWCNTs
Authors: Blackburn Jeff , Hao Ji , Kim Young-Hoon , Lu Haipeng , Habisreutinger Severin , Luther Joey 
Published: July 2021

Low-dimensional semiconductors provide a rich tapestry of tunable optical and electrical properties for a wide variety of applications. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential in applications ranging from digital logic, biological imaging, quantum information processing, photovoltaics, and thermoelectric energy harvesting. Energy harvesting applications rely critically upon the creation of tailored interfaces that enable the movement of energetic species (excitons, electrons, holes) in specified directions. While organic energy harvesting devices often employ interfaces between distinct organic species such as polymers, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes, hybrid interfaces between organic and inorganic semiconductors have unique properties that are relatively unexplored.
In this talk, I will discuss our recent efforts at constructing novel hybrid interfaces between s-SWCNTs and low-dimensional perovskite-based semiconductors. I will highlight time-resolved spectroscopy results that illustrate long-lived photoinduced charge separation across such interfaces, demonstrating utility for photovoltaics and photodetectors. Interestingly, some systems demonstrate additional transient processes that are exceptionally slow and may indicate ion movement within the hybrid systems. Complementary device studies demonstrate exceptional efficiencies for conversion of photons into stable photocurrent, and I will highlight several novel applications in which these interfaces can be employed.