bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of genes involved in methotrexate pathway: Predictors of response to methotrexate therapy in Indian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Singh Ankita , Gangadharan Harikrishnan , Gupta Vikas , Patro Pradeepta S. , Misra Ramnath , Aggarwal Amita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe adenosine pathway is one of the ways through which methotrexate (MTX) ameliorates inflammation. We therefore explored an association of polymorphism of genes involved in adenosine and MTX metabolic pathways with response to MTX.MethodsAssociation of polymorphism in 7 genes (rs2236225 [MTHFD1 1958G>A], rs17602729 [AMPD1 G>A], rs1127354 [ITPA C>A], rs1431131 [TGFBR2 A>T], rs2372536 [ATIC C>G], rs11188513 [ENTPD1 C>T] and rs5751876 [ADORA2A T>C]) with efficacy of MTX was studied in Indian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The patients, classified by European League Against Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 criteria, were DMARD (disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug)‐naïve, with Disease Activity Score (DAS28) >3.2. After 4 months of MTX monotherapy, patients were classified as responders (R) or non‐responders (NR) based on EULAR response criteria. Genotyping was done by TaqMan 5' nuclease assay and association of gene polymorphisms with response to MTX was determined by Chi‐squared test.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐six patients (86% female, median age 40 [interquartile range, IQR = 17.25] years), with disease duration of 24 (IQR = 38.25) months and DAS28‐C‐reactive protein score of 4.61 (IQR = 1.34) were enrolled. After therapy, 186 patients were classified as R and 40 as NR. GG genotype of ATIC (P = .01, odds ratio [OR] 2.56, 95% CI, 1.04‐6.30) and CC genotype of ITPA (P = .009, OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02‐1.76) genes were found to be associated with the response. On binary logistic regression analysis, GG genotype of ATIC and CC of ITPA genes were independent predictors of the response.ConclusionPolymorphisms of ATIC and ITPA genes alone or with clinical variables were associated with response to MTX therapy in Indian RA patients.
The Middle and Late Bronze Age in Central Oman: New Insights from Tawi Said, Al‐Mudhairib and the Wilayat al‐Mudhaybi
Authors: Döpper Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSignificant changes in the material culture, subsistence and mode of life are associated with the Middle (c. 2000–1600 BCE) and Late Bronze Ages (c. 1600–1300 BCE) in Eastern Arabia. Since first excavations in the 1970s, research has focused on the United Arab Emirates, where all major sites of this period known to date are situated. This birthed the idea of two different lines of development in the second millennium BC. While a more gradual change is assumed for the United Arab Emirates, Central Oman was regarded as having completely abandoned settled agricultural life, returning to a less complex social organisation. This article presents new evidence from Tawi Said, Al‐Mudhairib and the Wilayat al‐Mudhaybi that shows that the developments in both regions were more akin to each other than previously assumed. This encourages us to reconsider our assumptions about Central Oman’s social complexity during this pivotal period of Oman’s history.
De novo assembly and annotation of the North American bison (Bison bison) reference genome and subsequent variant identification
Authors: Dobson L. K. , Zimin A. , Bayles D. , Fritz‐Waters E. , Alt D. , Olsen S. , Blanchong J. , Reecy J. , Smith T. P. L. , Derr J. N. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryGenomic tools have improved the ability to manage bison populations and enhanced efforts to conserve this iconic species. These tools have been particularly useful for detecting introgression of cattle genome within bison herds but are limited by the need to use the cattle genome as a surrogate for mapping reads. This complicates efforts to distinguish the species of origin of chromosomal segments in individual bison at the genomic level. An assembly (Bison_UMD1.0) based on 75X genome coverage by Illumina and 454 reads was generated using the MaSuRCA assembler, generating a 2.81 Gigbases de novo reference genome from American bison. Comparison of bison and domestic cattle references identified 28 443 364 single nucleotide variants and 2 627 645 insertions/deletions distinguishing the species. Sequence alignment of an additional 12 modern bison samples and two historic bison samples to domestic cattle and bison references provides a dataset of genomic variants defining the different species and within‐species variation. This first annotated draft assembly represents a resource for the management and conservation of bison, as well as a means to study the effects on the genome of interspecies hybridization. The comparisons of historical bison sequences with the new bison reference identified genomic differences between modern and pre‐population bottleneck bison. The results support the application of genomics to enhance future research on disease, the establishment of satellite conservation herds and insight into bison and cattle speciation. The first genome assembly for bison and dataset provides a foundation that can be built upon as genetic technologies improve over the years.
The impact of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of young patients with vasculogenic mild erectile dysfunction: A prospective randomized single‐blind, sham controlled study
Authors: Ortac Mazhar , Özmez Abdulkadir , Cilesiz Nusret Can , Demirelli Erhan , Kadıoğlu Ateş 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) has emerged as a promising method directly targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease.ObjectivesTo compare outcomes in ED patients after ESWT and placebo treatment.Materials and methodsProspective randomized placebo‐controlled single‐blinded trial on 66 patients with mild ED. The study comprised a 4‐week washout phase, a 4‐week treatment phase, and a 48‐week follow‐up. Inclusion criteria included age between 18 and 75 years and diagnosis of mild ED (IIEF‐EF score = 17–25) being made at least six months prior to study inclusion and being confirmed by Penile Doppler ultrasonography (US) at baseline examination. Efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline in patient‐reported outcomes of erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function domain scores [IIEF‐EF]), as well as erection hardness and duration (Sexual Encounter Profile diary [SEP] and Global Assessment Questions [GAQ]). Safety was assessed throughout the study.ResultsA total of 66 enrolled patients were allocated to ESWT (n = 44) or placebo (n = 22). Mean age of ESWT and placebo group was 42.32 ± 9.88 and 39.86 ± 11.64 (p = 0.374), respectively. Mean baseline IIEF‐EF scores of ESWT group and placebo were 20.32 ± 2.32 and 19.68 ± 1.55 respectively (p = 0.34). At 3‐months follow‐up, mean IIEF‐EF scores were significantly higher in ESWT patients than in placebo patients (23.10 ± 2.82 vs. 20.95 ± 2.19, p = 0.003), and IIEF‐EF scores of ESWT patients remained high during the 6 months (22.67 ± 3.35 vs. 19.82 ± 1.56) follow‐up. The percentage of patients reporting both successful penetration (SEP2) and intercourse (SEP3) in more than 50% of attempts was significantly higher in ESWT‐treated patients than in placebo patients (p = 0.001). A minimal clinically important difference between the IIEF = EF baseline and 3‐months follow‐up was found in 74% of ESWT and 36% of placebo. No serious adverse events were reported.Discussion and ConclusionESWT significantly improved the erectile function of relatively young patients with vasculogenic mild ED when compared to placebo and the beneficial effect of this treatment up to 6 months. These findings suggest that ESWT could be a useful treatment option in vasculogenic ED.
The severity of footrot lesions induced by aprV2‐positive strains of Dichelobacter nodosus varies between strains
Authors: Smith KJ , Rosser MJ , McPherson AS , Whittington RJ , Dhand NK , Dhungyel OP 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical virulence of aprV2‐positive lesser virulent field isolates of footrot bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus in comparison with an aprV2‐positive clinically virulent reference strain. Correlations between the clinical expression of the disease and the presence of aprV2 (detected using PCR tests) have been inconsistent. A second objective was to evaluate the elimination of D. nodosus following treatment of sheep as some strains of D. nodosus have been reported to be difficult to eliminate.MethodsThe virulence of three aprV2‐positive field isolates of D. nodosus which had lesser virulent phenotypes, and an aprV2‐positive virulent reference strain was evaluated in a sheep trial using a pasture‐based experimental infection model. In the second phase of the study, treatments including footbathing and a long‐acting antibiotic were administered and their efficacy in elimination of these strains was evaluated.ResultsSevere underrun (score 4) lesions developed in sheep infected with the aprV2‐positive virulent reference strain but not in sheep infected with the field isolates; they had mild lesions (score 2 or 3). The three field isolates and the virulent reference strain of D. nodosus were eliminated by intensive foot bathing and antibiotic therapy in combination with housing the animals in dry conditions post‐treatment.ConclusionThe results suggest that the presence of aprV2 gene in isolates of D. nodosus may not be a reliable indicator of virulence and that further investigation of the factors that determine clinical virulence is required. While the treatment regime was successful, based on a range of considerations, the use of such an intensive treatment involving antibiotics should be limited to small groups of high‐value animals, such as rams.
Children's humour and the grotesque pleasures in school mealtime socialisation
Authors: Stone Samantha , Murakami Kyoko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we argue for two propositions: children are socialised and guided to become competent members of school mealtime community, and children have the capacity to modify and challenge existing practices. We draw on Bakhtin's concepts of the carnivalesque laughter and grotesque realism to illustrate how children use humour to test the boundaries of what is permitted. Children's mealtime interactions foster the development of social skills to subvert and negotiate adult authority and manage unfolding interactions between children and adults. We present findings from a child‐centred perspective in a primary school in the United Kingdom.
Two irreducible classes of emotional experiences: Affective imaginings and affective perceptions
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA view of prominence in the philosophy of emotion is that emotional experiences are not self‐standing intentional experiences. Instead, they inherit the intentional content they have from their cognitive bases. One implication is that emotions, whose intentional contents differ in terms of the modal and temporal properties of the relevant particular object—because the intentional contents on which they are based differ in these respects—nonetheless need not differ qua emotion‐type. This leads to the same‐emotional attitude, different content claim: It is possible to have the same emotional attitude toward a range of (different) contents, as provided by different cognitive bases. This paper argues that this claim is mistaken. By appealing to the specific case of imagination, the same emotional‐attitude, different content claim is challenged. Drawing on phenomenological observations made by Jean‐Paul Sartre, supplemented with independently plausible considerations, I argue that we should recognize a distinct class of emotion types, which I call affective imaginings. Affective imaginings contrast with emotional experiences whose cognitive bases are sense‐perceptual experiences (affective perceptions). The contrast turns on the way the different contents across these cases modify the attitudinal character of the emotional experience, motivating the positing of two irreducible classes of emotional experiences.
Drivers of local extinction risk in alpine plants under warming climate
Authors: Nomoto Hanna A. , Alexander Jake M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe scarcity of local plant extinctions following recent climate change has been explained by demographic inertia and lags in the displacement of resident species by novel species, generating an ‘extinction debt’. We established a transplant experiment to disentangle the contribution of these processes to the local extinction risk of four alpine plants in the Swiss Alps. Projected population growth (λ) derived from integral projection models was reduced by 0.07/°C of warming on average, whereas novel species additionally decreased λ by 0.15 across warming levels. Effects of novel species on predicted extinction time were greatest at warming < 2 °C for two species. Projected population declines under both warming and with novel species were primarily driven by increased mortality. Our results suggest that extinction debt can be explained by a combination of demographic inertia and lags in novel species establishment, with the latter being particularly important for some species under low levels of warming.
Delayed recurrent enhancing white matter lesions complicating coiling of intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Bakola Eleni , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Palaiodimou Lina , Theodorou Aikaterini , Stefanou Maria‐Ioanna , Chondrogianni Maria , Andreadou Elisabeth , Papadopoulou Marianna , Konstantakos Vasileios , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Lachanis Stefanos , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn recent years, the use of coiling has gained increased popularity for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, and stroke physicians are confronted with rare pathologies associated with this relatively new and evolving treatment method, such as embolization of pieces of the polymeric filaments from the coils and a subsequent inflammatory response. In particular, white matter enhancing lesions are a rare complication after aneurysm endovascular therapy (EVT), suggesting a foreign body reaction to shedding of hydrophilic coating from the endovascular devices into the blood stream. The description of such a case aims to raise the clinicians' awareness of the symptomatic delayed and recurring inflammatory changes that may occur after endovascular aneurysmal treatment with the use of coiling devices.Case descriptionA 64‐year‐old woman underwent coiling of a ruptured right posterior communicating artery aneurysm. She was asymptomatic after EVT. One year later, she presented with headache, acoustic hallucinations, paresthesias and left arm weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple enhancing white matter lesions in the right hemisphere. She was treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisolone; all clinical symptoms resolved and imaging findings improved substantially. Two years after tapering the steroids, follow‐up symptoms recurred and repeat brain MRI revealed new enhancing white matter lesions.Discussion and conclusionsThere is an increasing number of similar reports of enhancing white matter lesions after coiling of intracranial aneurysms, with the incidence estimated to be between 0.5% and 2.3% in different cohort studies. Close monitoring for the appearance of new neurologic symptoms that could suggest delayed brain reactivity should be recommended.
Early epileptiform EEG activity in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex predicts epilepsy and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: De Ridder Jessie , Verhelle Birgit , Vervisch Jan , Lemmens Katrien , Kotulska Katarzyna , Moavero Romina , Curatolo Paolo , Weschke Bernhard , Riney Kate , Feucht Martha , Krsek Pavel , Nabbout Rima , Jansen Anna C. , Wojdan Konrad , Domanska‐Pakieła Dorota , Kaczorowska‐Frontczak Magdalena , Hertzberg Christoph , Ferrier Cyrille H. , Samueli Sharon , Benova Barbora , Aronica Eleonora , Kwiatkowski David J. , Jansen Floor E. , Jóźwiak Sergiusz , Lagae Lieven ,   the EPISTOP consortium
Published: March 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo study the association between timing and characteristics of the first electroencephalography (EEG) with epileptiform discharges (ED‐EEG) and epilepsy and neurodevelopment at 24 months in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).MethodsPatients enrolled in the prospective Epileptogenesis in a genetic model of epilepsy – Tuberous sclerosis complex (EPISTOP) trial, had serial EEG monitoring until the age of 24 months. The timing and characteristics of the first ED‐EEG were studied in relation to clinical outcome. Epilepsy‐related outcomes were analyzed separately in a conventionally followed group (initiation of vigabatrin after seizure onset) and a preventive group (initiation of vigabatrin before seizures, but after appearance of interictal epileptiform discharges [IEDs]).ResultsEighty‐three infants with TSC were enrolled at a median age of 28 days (interquartile range [IQR] 14–54). Seventy‐nine of 83 patients (95%) developed epileptiform discharges at a median age of 77 days (IQR 23–111). Patients with a pathogenic TSC2 variant were significantly younger (P‐value .009) at first ED‐EEG and more frequently had multifocal IED (P‐value .042) than patients with a pathogenic TSC1 variant. A younger age at first ED‐EEG was significantly associated with lower cognitive (P‐value .010), language (P‐value .001), and motor (P‐value .013) developmental quotients at 24 months.In the conventional group, 48 of 60 developed seizures. In this group, the presence of focal slowing on the first ED‐EEG was predictive of earlier seizure onset (P‐value .030). Earlier recording of epileptiform discharges (P‐value .019), especially when multifocal (P‐value .026) was associated with higher risk of drug‐resistant epilepsy.In the preventive group, timing, distribution of IED, or focal slowing, was not associated with the epilepsy outcomes. However, when multifocal IEDs were present on the first ED‐EEG, preventive treatment delayed the onset of seizures significantly (P‐value <.001).SignificanceEarly EEG findings help to identify TSC infants at risk of severe epilepsy and neurodevelopmental delay and those who may benefit from preventive treatment with vigabatrin.
Reducing bycatch impacts in recreational fisheries: Case study examining terminal tackle in the multispecies Gulf of Maine groundfish fishery
Authors: Capizzano Connor W. , Zemeckis Douglas R. , Jones Emily A. , Hoffman William S. , Dean Micah J. , Ayer Matthew H. , Ribblett Nate , Mandelman John W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTerminal tackle regulations can be a valuable tool for fisheries management, especially in multispecies fisheries where bycatch and discards are common issues. In the Gulf of Maine, recreational anglers frequently discard critically depleted Atlantic codGadus morhuaL. as bycatch when targeting the abundant haddockMelanogrammus aeglefinus(L.) stock. The present study investigated species catch composition, catch rates and animal welfare across various terminal tackle setups, and aspects of capture and handling with the goal of reducing bycatch and discard mortality. Overall, 2558 cod and 4266 haddock were captured with six terminal tackle setups in the western Gulf of Maine from April to October 2018. Along with angler experience and capture depth, lure type primarily influenced species catch composition and catch‐per‐unit‐effort; hook types additionally influenced hook‐removal times and physical injuries to fish. Results indicate that using baited hooks can both promote haddock catch and reduce cod bycatch, with specific hook types promoting increased survival.
Leisure activity moderates the relationship between living alone and mental health among Japanese older adults
Authors: Yoshida Yuko , Iwasa Hajime , Ishioka Yoshiko , Suzukamo Yoshimi 
Published: March 2021

AimAs living alone is associated with poor mental health, seeking a moderating factor in this relationship may help enhance quality of life of older people living alone. Therefore, this study examined the moderating effect of leisure activity on the relationship between living alone and mental health in older people.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional analysis of questionnaire data. Research was conducted in a metropolitan Tokyo ward from September to October 2017. Participants were 314 community‐dwelling Japanese individuals (158 women, 156 men) aged 70–84 years (mean ± SD, 77.7 ± 4.4). We analyzed mental health using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization‐Five Well‐Being Index as the outcome variable, and the 11 items of the Leisure Activity Scale and living arrangements as explanatory variables. Multivariate analyses were used to examine effects of leisure activity on living arrangements and mental health.ResultsThe proportion of people living alone was 22.9% (N = 72), and the mental health score was mean ± SD, 14.2 ± 7.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that subjective economic status (β = −0.177), instrumental activities of daily living (β = 0.167), living arrangements (β = −0.142) and leisure activity (β = 0.481) were associated with mental health. The interaction effect between living arrangements and leisure activity on mental health was significant (β = 0.112).ConclusionsOur findings show that leisure activity moderates poor mental health in older adults living alone. Accordingly, interventions should encourage older adults living alone to engage in leisure activity to improve their mental health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 421–425.
Occurrence rates of von Willebrand disease among people receiving care in specialized treatment centres in the United States
Authors: Soucie John Michael , Miller Connie H. , Byams Vanessa R. , Payne Amanda B. , Abe Karon , Sidonio Robert F. , Kouides Peter A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn the network of U.S. comprehensive haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs), von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder other than haemophilia. Estimates of the size and characteristics of the VWD population receiving treatment are useful for healthcare planning.AimEstimate the prevalence and incidence of VWD among males and females receiving care at U.S. HTCs (HTC‐treated prevalence and incidence).MethodsDuring the period 2012–2019, de‐identified surveillance data were collected on all VWD patients who visited an HTC including year of birth, sex, race, Hispanic ethnicity, VWD type, and laboratory findings and used to calculate period HTC‐treated prevalence by VWD type and sex. Data from patients born 1995–1999 were used to estimate HTC‐treated incidence rates.ResultsDuring the period, 24,238 patients with a diagnosis of VWD attended HTCs; for 23,479 (96.9%), VWD type was reported or could be assigned. Age‐adjusted HTC‐treated prevalence was 8.6 cases/100,000 (7.2/100,000 for Type 1, 1.2/100,000 for Type 2 and 1.7/million for Type 3) and was twice as high in women as men (4.8 vs. 2.4 cases/100,000) for Type 1 and similar by sex for Type 2 and Type 3. HTC‐treated Type 1 incidence increased over the period, averaging nearly threefold higher for women than men (26.2 vs. 9.9/100,000 live births). Sex differences were less for Type 2 (2.2 vs. 1.4 cases/100,000 births) and slight in Type 3.ConclusionPrevalence and incidence of HTC‐treated VWD differ by sex and type and are likely strongly influenced by differences in rates of diagnosis.