bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is unemployment associated with inefficient sleep habits? A cohort study using objective sleep measurements
Authors: Greissl Stephanie , Mergl Roland , Sander Christian , Hensch Tilman , Engel Christoph , Hegerl Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

SummaryUnemployed people could be at risk of developing inefficient sleep habits by spending excessive time in bed, as they lack a structuring activity. This could impact their mental health and reintegration into labour. This study aims to analyse possible associations between employment status and sleep parameters using actigraphy. Subjects (148 employed and 50 unemployed) were drawn from a German population‐based cohort. Sleep parameters were measured with the SenseWear Bodymedia Pro 3 armband. Comparison of means concerning sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time of sleep and sleep fragmentation was performed separately for week days and weekends. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyse group differences controlling for covariates. Finally, we defined cut‐off scores for each sleep variable, and analysed the distribution of subjects above and below these values. Unemployed people did not sleep significantly longer than employed people. However, on week days, they displayed night sleep efficiency reduced by on average > 5% points, they lay down for 28 min longer, had later mid sleep time (38 min) and sleep offset (55 min), as well as more frequent awakenings after sleep onset accounting for being awake 28 min longer (all p ≤ 0.005). Sleep in unemployed subjects compared with employed subjects aged 41–64 years was less efficient, more fragmented and shifted to a later point of the night. Results support prior findings that unemployment has a negative influence on sleep quality. Unemployed individuals could benefit from intervention programmes aiming at the adoption of healthier sleep habits.
EEG power spectral responses to wind farm compared with road traffic noise during sleep: A laboratory study
Authors: Dunbar Claire , Catcheside Peter , Lechat Bastien , Hansen Kristy , Zajamsek Branko , Liebich Tessa , Nguyen Duc Phuc , Scott Hannah , Lack Leon , Decup Felix , Vakulin Andrew , Micic Gorica 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWind turbine noise is dominated by low frequencies for which effects on sleep relative to more common environmental noise sources such as road traffic noise remain unknown. This study examined the effect of wind turbine noise compared with road traffic noise on sleep using quantitative electroencephalogram power spectral analysis. Twenty‐three participants were exposed to 3‐min samples of wind turbine noise and road traffic noise at three sound pressure levels (33, 38 and 43 dBA) in randomised order during established sleep. Acute (0–30 s) and more sustained (30–180 s) effects of noise presentations during N2 and N3 sleep were examined using spectral analysis of changes in electroencephalogram power frequency ranges across time in 5‐s intervals. Both noise types produced time‐ and sound pressure level‐dependent increases in electroencephalogram power, but with significant noise type by sound pressure level interactions in beta, alpha, theta and delta frequency bands (allp < 0.05). Wind turbine noise showed significantly lower delta, theta and beta activity immediately following noise onset compared with road traffic noise (allp < 0.05). However, alpha activity was higher for wind turbine noise played at lower sound pressure levels (33 dBA [p = 0.001] and 38 dBA [p = 0.003]) compared with traffic noise during N2 sleep. These findings support that spectral analyses show subtle effects of noise on sleep and that electroencephalogram changes following wind turbine noise and road traffic noise onset differ depending on sound pressure levels; however, these effects were mostly transient and had little impact on conventionally scored sleep. Further studies are needed to establish if electroencephalogram changes associated with modest environmental noise exposures have significant impacts on sleep quality and next‐day functioning.
Electronic nose versus quadrupole mass spectrometry for identifying viral hepatitis C patients
Authors: Mohamed Ehab I. , El‐Ghnam Sameh M. , Bayoumi Amani M. , Abdel‐Mageed Samir M. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Ross Brian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease and transplantation and is a significant burden on public health worldwide. This study aimed to apply the Electronic Nose (E‐Nose) and quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) technologies for screening blood samples from hepatitis C patients and healthy controls. We analysed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace over blood samples to identify those VOCs characteristic for diagnosing hepatitis C patients. The study comprised 150 acute hepatitis C patients with age range: 24–59 years, and mean age ±SD: 41.5 ± 12.8 years and 150 age‐matched healthy controls (age range: 24–51 and mean age: 40.11 ± 4.89 years) from the Hospital of the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Collected blood samples were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using the E‐Nose and MS/MS techniques, respectively. Principal component analysis of the E‐Nose 10‐sensor responses accurately classified blood samples from hepatitis C patients and healthy controls. The first two principal components explained over 98.35% of the variance in signals with no false‐positive (healthy controls) or false‐negative (hepatitis C patients) results. MS/MS showed two fragmentation ions at m/z of 104 and 151 Da with the positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI+) in blood samples for hepatitis C patients, but not for healthy controls or background water samples. We identified the two specific fragmentation ions at m/z 104 and m/z 151 Da as malonic acid (MF: C3H4O4; MW: 104.06 g/mol) and monosaccharide pentose (MF: C5H10O5; MW: 150.13 g/mol) in VOCs of the headspace over blood samples for hepatitis C patients. This provides a rationale for developing diagnostic tests for hepatitis C virus based on altered trace VOCs concentrations using the relatively inexpensive, easy‐to‐use, portable and non‐invasive E‐Nose technology.
Serial point‐prevalence surveys to estimate antibiotic use in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital, November 2018 to October 2019
Authors: Hsieh Emmelyn S. , Bollig Emma R. , Beaudoin Amanda L. , Morrow Anna , Granick Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no standardized methodology to measure antibiotic drug use (AU) in small animal veterinary hospitals.ObjectivesTo estimate AU prevalence in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital and characterize usage by indication and evidence of infection. To establish an AU measurement methodology for veterinary settings.AnimalsElectronic medical records of cats and dogs seen by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services during November 2018 to October 2019.MethodsOn 1 day each month, data (signalment, visit reason, diagnostics, and antibiotic details, including indication) were collected for all animals seen on study services.ResultsOf 168 inpatient dogs and 452 outpatient dogs, 98 (58.3%) and 107 (23.7%,) were receiving at least 1 antibiotic on the day of data collection, respectively. For cats 15/49 (30.6%) inpatients and 29/187 (15.5%) outpatients were receiving at least 1 antibiotic. Common drug classes prescribed for dogs were potentiated penicillins (28.7%), first‐generation cephalosporins (22.1%), and nitroimidazoles (14.7%), and for cats, common drug classes administered were potentiated penicillins (26.9%), fluoroquinolones (13.5%), and penicillins (11.5%). Common indications for antibiotics included skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, perioperative, aural, and urinary conditions.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerial point‐prevalence surveys (PPS) can estimate AU in a large specialty hospital setting and identify targets for antimicrobial stewardship. The methodology developed during this study can be adapted for use in private practice, including large animal practice. Mirroring methods used in human healthcare, the data collection tool can also be used to describe AU nationally through completion of national PPS.
Occurrence of Australian woody species is driven by soil moisture and available phosphorus across a climatic gradient
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Travers Samantha Kay , Eldridge David John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuestionsWoody species are crucial biotic components in many of Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems because they support multiple ecosystem functions. The occurrence of woody species (i.e. their likelihood of being present at a single position) is driven by both climate and soil properties. However, empirical evidence is lacking on how multiple environmental factors regulate woody species occurrence across various climate regimes, limiting our ability to predict woody species distribution under different climate change scenarios.LocationWoody plant species in eastern Australia; 1,500 km gradient.MethodsWe surveyed 6,353 mature (height >4 m) woody plants from 62 woody species at 150 sites along a 1,500 km climatic (i.e. aridity) gradient in eastern Australia, and used a generalized linear mixed model to explore the impact of summer rainfall, available soil phosphorus in the surface layer (0–10 cm), subsurface (100–200 cm) soil moisture and clay content, and interactions between aridity and the three soil variables on woody species occurrence (presence/absence).ResultsThe overall occurrence of Australian woody species declined as the concentration of available soil phosphorus in the surface layer increased, with the impacts varying with increasing aridity. Subsurface soil moisture had strong positive effects on woody species occurrence in mesic areas, but the effect was attenuated with increasing aridity. Subsurface soil clay regulated the distribution of woody species, with finer soils promoting the likelihood of species occurrence in the dry subhumid zone, whereas coarser soils supported more woody species in the arid zone.ConclusionsOur study provides empirical evidence that the distribution of Australian woody species is regulated by large‐scale shifts in soil moisture and available soil phosphorus, and local‐scale heterogeneity in soil texture. Our results suggest that forecasted climate change may restrict the distribution of woody species preferring particular soils, but expand the range of woody species that occur on dry or infertile soils.
Exploring how feedback reflects entrustment decisions using artificial intelligence
Authors: Gin Brian C. , ten Cate Olle , O'Sullivan Patricia S. , Hauer Karen E. , Boscardin Christy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractContextClinical supervisors make judgements about how much to trust learners with critical activities in patient care. Such decisions mediate trainees' opportunities for learning and competency development and thus are a critical component of education. As educators apply entrustment frameworks to assessment, it is important to determine how narrative feedback reflecting entrustment may also address learners' educational needs.MethodsIn this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) to identify characteristics of feedback tied to supervisors' entrustment decisions during direct observation encounters of clerkship medical students (3328 unique observations). Supervisors conducted observations of students and collaborated with them to complete an entrustment‐based assessment in which they documented narrative feedback and assigned an entrustment rating. We trained a deep neural network (DNN) to predict entrustment levels from the narrative data and developed an explainable AI protocol to uncover the latent thematic features the DNN used to make its prediction.ResultsWe found that entrustment levels were associated with level of detail (specific steps for performing clinical tasks), feedback type (constructive versus reinforcing) and task type (procedural versus cognitive). In justifying both high and low levels of entrustment, supervisors detailed concrete steps that trainees performed (or did not yet perform) competently.ConclusionsFraming our results in the factors previously identified as influencing entrustment, we find a focus on performance details related to trainees' clinical competency as opposed to nonspecific feedback on trainee qualities. The entrustment framework reflected in feedback appeared to guide specific goal‐setting, combined with details necessary to reach those goals. Our NLP methodology can also serve as a starting point for future work on entrustment and feedback as similar assessment datasets accumulate.
Evaluating the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients via L3 skeletal muscle index
Authors: Lu Xinyan , Tian Ying , Huang Jiaxin , Li Fei , Shao Tingru , Huang Guangzhao , Lv Xiaozhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to construct a formula to predict L3 skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) from C3 CSA and to select the cutoff values to evaluate the nutritional status in OSCC.Materials and MethodsA total of 220 OSCC patients in Nanfang Hospital were divided into two groups: the training set (n = 100) and the validation set (n = 120). Patients in the training set were performed the preoperative whole‐body positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET/CT) scans, and patients in the validation set received preoperative head‐and‐neck computed tomography (CT) scans. C3 CSA and L3 CSA were delineated. The predictive formula was established, and the gender‐specific thresholds of malnutrition were obtained by X‐tile software in training set. Finally, the formula and cutoff values were validated.ResultsThe predictive formula was successfully established. The gender‐specific cutoff values for L3 SMI were 55.0 cm2/m2 for men and 36.6 cm2/m2 for women. There were no differences between the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with malnutrition and that of patients who are not malnutrition.ConclusionsOur studies reveal that the L3 CSA could be calculated by C3 CSA conveniently with our formula in OSCC, which allowed us to assess malnutrition with head‐and‐neck CT image. However, there is no direct connection found between malnutrition and OS in OSCC. Hence, further studies with a larger sample size may be required.
ACTN3 genotype influences masseter muscle characteristics and self‐reported bruxism
Authors: Nicot Romain , Raoul Gwénaël , Vieira Alexandre R. , Ferri Joël , Sciote James J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesMain aim of the study was to explore the association between genetic polymorphisms in ACTN3 and bruxism. Secondary objectives included masseter muscle phenotypes assessment between bruxers and non‐bruxers and according to genetic polymorphisms in ACTN3.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for correction of their malocclusion were enrolled. Self‐reported bruxism and temporomandibular disorders status were preoperatively recorded. Saliva samples were used for ACTN3 genotyping. Masseter muscle samples were collected bilaterally at the time of orthognathic surgery to explore the muscle fiber characteristics.ResultsThere were significant differences in genotypes for rs1815739 (R577X nonsense) (p = 0.001), rs1671064 (Q523R missense) (p = 0.005), and rs678397 (intronic variant) (p = 0.001) between bruxers and non‐bruxers. Patients with self‐reported bruxism presented a larger mean fiber area for types IIA (p = 0.035). The mean fiber areas in individuals with the wild‐type CC genotype for rs1815739 (R577X) were significantly larger for type IIA fibers (1394.33 μm2 [572.77 μm2]) than in those with the TC and TT genotypes (832.61 μm2 [602.43 μm2] and 526.58 μm2 [432.21 μm2] [p = 0.014]). Similar results for Q523R missense and intronic variants.ConclusionsACTN3 genotypes influence self‐reported bruxism in patients with dentofacial deformity through specific masseter muscle fiber characteristics.
The oral manifestations of Huntington's disease: A systematic review of prevalence
Authors: Munhoz Luciana , Jabbar Ashjan Qasim , Silva Filho William José e , Nagai Aline Yukari , Arita Emiko Saito 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this systematic literature review was to provide a complete panorama of the oral manifestations of Huntington's disease (HD).Materials and MethodsDatabases were searched, and original research studies or case report manuscripts up to May 2021 were included using keywords that describe HD combined with words related to oral health; MeSH terms were used exclusively. No time or language restrictions were applied.ResultsTwenty‐two investigations (12 original articles and 10 case reports) regarding oral manifestations of HD were included. The subjects examined in the selected research articles were dental health, coordination of oral structures, speech, dysphagia, and swallowing alterations. The case reports described dental treatment procedures, oromandibular dyskinesia, dysphagia, and speech alterations.ConclusionsThe oral manifestations of HD were found to be associated with the advance of the disease in that the more severe the HD, the worse the alterations affecting the oral cavity. Dysphagia, dysarthria, masticatory problems, oral health impairment, and choreiform movements involving the tongue and other orofacial muscles were the main manifestations of HD in the oral cavity. The PROSPERO systematic review registration number of this study is CRD42021238934.
Ferroptosis promotes anti‐tumor immune response by inducing immunogenic exposure in HNSCC
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Yue , Lian Jun‐Xiang , Lan Zhou , Zou Ke‐Long , Wang Wei‐Ming , Yu Guang‐Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccumulated evidence indicates that immune cell populations play pivotal roles in the process of tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, metastasis, and immune escape. Ferroptosis is a form of regulating cell death in the nexus between metabolism, redox biology, and human health. Ferroptosis is considered as a vital important event in HNSCC, but the underling mechanism of regulating immune cell populations remains poorly understood. Our tissue microarray study showed that patients with high expression of GPX4 were related to poor survival. Moreover, the expression of GPX4 has been negatively associated with immunogenic cell death‐related protein calreticulin in HNSCC tissue cohort. Further, RSL3 was used to induce ferroptosis in HNSCC xenograft of C3H/He mouse. We found that the occurrence of ferroptosis had significantly reduced the number of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor‐associated M2‐like macrophages (M2 TAMs) in tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, the tumor‐infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased. And the calreticulin and HMGB1 may be potential candidate proteins improving the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our project suggests that ferroptosis can promote anti‐tumor immune response by reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment, indicating that ferroptosis inducer is a promising therapeutic strategy in HNSCC.
Assessment of the observation management of sialocele after partial superficial parotidectomy
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Ge Shengyou , Tao Yueqin , Li Jieying , Shang Wei , Song Kai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the usefulness of management of sialocele formation and to evaluate the quality of life of patients under elective management post‐parotidectomy.Materials and MethodsA prospective study was performed including patients who underwent postoperative management with either compression therapy or observation. The self‐filled questionnaire method was used to assess the quality of life of participants who changed from compression therapy to observation. Demographic and operative data, variables regarding wound complications and scores for quality of life were documented and analysed.ResultsA total of 86 patients met the eligibility criteria. The respective rates of sialocele formation within 1 month were 5.3% in the compression therapy group (2/38) and 16.0% in the observation group (4/25), but no significant difference was observed (p = 0.204). Meanwhile, both groups displayed comparable times of needle aspiration and time for sialocele resolution (p > 0.05). Based on 23 valid paired questionnaires, scores for physical and social‐emotional function before changing from compression therapy to observation were significantly lower than scores after the change (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe application of observation after partial superficial parotidectomy appears to have acceptable clinical outcomes and considerable improvements in quality of life.
Imaging identification of primary mammary analogue secretory carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma in major salivary glands
Authors: Ding AngAng , Zuo Jiaxin , Lv Huan , Zhou Lu , Ding Shiwen , Yu Qian , Xiong Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to characterize and differentiate the ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) and acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC).Methods and patientsA total of 83 patients with clinically proven MASC and AciCC were analyzed. The following characteristics were assessed on US, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging: lesion size, shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture, cystic components, posterior echo, vascularity, density, degree of enhancement, enhancement pattern, signal intensity (SI) on T1‐ and T2‐weighted images (WI), hemorrhages, and lymph node enlargement.ResultsSimilarities were observed between the imaging performance of MASC and AciCC. Differences between the two characteristics of shape on US and cystic components on CT were statistically significant. The proportion of MASC to regular shape on US (p = 0.006) and cystic components on CT (p = 0.027) was significantly higher than that of AciCC. Regular shape on US had the highest sensitivity in the identification of MASC and AciCC, while regular shape on US + cystic component on CT had the highest specificity.ConclusionsThe shape on US and cystic components on CT are key characteristics for distinguishing MASC and AciCC.
Defence‐related pathways, phytohormones and primary metabolism are key players in kiwifruit plant tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Authors: Nunes da Silva Marta , Carvalho Susana M. P. , Rodrigues Ana M. , Gómez‐Cadenas ‪Aurelio , António Carla , Vasconcelos Marta W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe reasons underlying the differential tolerance of Actinidia spp. to the pandemic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) have not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that differential plant‐defence strategies linked to transcriptome regulation, phytohormones and primary metabolism might be key and that Actinidia chinensis susceptibility results from an inefficient activation of defensive mechanisms and metabolic impairments shortly following infection. Here, 48 h postinoculation bacterial density was 10‐fold higher in A. chinensis var. deliciosa than in Actinidia arguta, accompanied by significant increases in glutamine, ornithine, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) (up to 3.2‐fold). Actinidia arguta showed decreased abscisic acid (ABA) (0.7‐fold), no changes in primary metabolites, and 20 defence‐related genes that were only differentially expressed in this species. These include GLOX1, FOX1, SN2 and RBOHA, which may contribute to its higher tolerance. Results suggest that A. chinensis' higher susceptibility to Psa is due to an inefficient activation of plant defences, with the involvement of ABA, JA and SA, leading to impairments in primary metabolism, particularly the ammonia assimilation cycle. A schematic overview on the interaction between Psa and genotypes with distinct tolerance is provided, highlighting the key transcriptomic and metabolomic aspects contributing to the different plant phenotypes after infection.