bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a new predictor index of anastomotic fistula after anastomosis of esophageal atresia: preliminary results from a single center
Authors: Hong Song-Ming , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua , Hong Jun-Jie , Huang Jin-Xi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine a predictor of the risk of anastomotic fistula after anastomosis of esophageal atresia. MethodsThis article reviewed the clinical data of 74 children with esophageal atresia in our hospital. The risk factors of anastomotic fistula were analysed, and a new predictive index was proposed. ResultsThe incidence of anastomotic fistula was 29.7% in 74 children with esophageal atresia after anastomosis. Birth weight and gap length were risk factors for anastomotic fistula. Logistic regression analysis showed that birth weight (Wald 2 = 4.528, P = 0.033, OR = 0.273) was a protective factor for anastomotic fistula, whereas gap length (Wald 2 = 7.057, P = 0.008, OR = 2.388) was a risk factor for anastomotic fistula. The ratio of gap length to birth weight had a positive predictive effect on the occurrence of anastomotic fistula (AUC = 0.732, P = 0.002). ConclusionBirth weight and gap length are important predictors of anastomotic fistula in esophageal atresia. Measurement of the ratio of gap length to birth weight is a feasible predictor of anastomotic fistula after anastomosis of esophageal atresia.
Time to Regain Birth Weight - A Marker to Predict the Severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity?
Authors: Anvekar Ajay , Athikarisamy Sam E , Rao Shripada , Gill Andy , Nathan Elizabeth A. , Doherty Dorota A. , Lam Geoffrey C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Poor weight gain in the first few weeks of life has been studied as a predictor of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Our aim was to assess whether time taken to regain birthweight be used as an additional marker to identify infants needing treatment for ROP.Methods: In this retrospective study, preterm infants (<27 weeks gestational age at birth) born during the period from 1/1/2010-31/12/2015 at a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit in Australia were included. 27 cases (ROP needing treatment) were identified. Controls (ROP not needing treatment or no ROP) were matched with cases on gestational age at birth and birthweight (1:4 ratio). Data were collected from the database and medical records.Results: The median (IQR) gestational age for cases and controls were 24 (24-26) and 25 (24-26) weeks respectively and median (IQR) birthweight for cases and controls were 675 (635-810) and 773 (666-884) grams respectively. Cases were more likely to be intra uterine growth restricted (18.5% vs 3.7%, p=0.015) and had increased weeks on oxygen (median 11.9 vs 9.1, p=0.028). Median (IQR) time to regain birth weight in cases and controls were 9 (6-13) and 7 (5-10) days respectively. Time to regain birthweight approached statistical significance when adjusted for duration of oxygen (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.17, p=0.054). The area under the curve from the time to regain BW ROC analysis with adjustment for IUGR and duration of oxygen was 0.73 (95% CI 0.62-0.83).Conclusion: Time to regain BW has potential to aid prediction of ROP needing treatment.
Combined Treatment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells And Fasudil Promotes Neurovascular Remodeling And Neurological Function Recovery In Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhao Shu-Fang , Xiao Xia , Liu Ya-Nan , Wang Xiu Li , Du Yun-Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stroke remains a deadly and disabling disease with limited treatment tragedies due to the limitations of available treatments; novel therapies for stroke are needed. In this article, the synergistic results of dual bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and fasudil treatment in rat models of ischemic stroke still requires further identification. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to construct the middle cerebral artery, occlusion models. BMSCs were incubated with fasudil, and MTT was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. The rats were treated with fasudil+BMSC, BMSC, fasudil, and saline. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count analysis and measurement of serum TNF-α levels. The neurological functions were evaluated. After the rats were sacrificed, immunohistochemical staining and TTC staining was performed. Fasudil promoted the proliferation of BMSCs and induced their differentiation into neuron-like cells. BMSCs increased the proportion of neutrophils; nevertheless, fasudil counteracted the neutrophil increase. The TUJ-1/MAP2/VIII factor expression in the fasudil+BMSC group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The number of GFAP-positive cells decreased in the fasudil+BMSC and BMSC alone groups. The infarct volume in the fasudil+BMSC and BMSC alone groups was significantly lower than in the fasudil alone and control groups.Both BMSCs and fasudil exert neurorestorative effects in rat models of cerebral ischemia. Fasudil neutralizes the pro-inflammatory effects of BMSCs, while BMSCs and fasudil together had synergistic effects promoting neurovascular remodeling and neurological function recovery in stroke. A combination of BMSCs and fasudil provides a promising method for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Prevalence of Anti-epileptic Drugs Polypharmacy and Associated Factors among Epileptic Patients in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia
Authors: Ebrahim Kemeria , Legese Nanati , Tadiwos Yohannes , Tola Assefa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvery newly diagnosed patient with epilepsy should take appropriate monotherapy based on the seizure type and the epilepsy syndrome. Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) polypharmacy did not necessarily improve seizure outcomes and could increase the propensity for side effects. This study evaluates the prevalence of AED polypharmacy and its associated factors in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia.MethodologyA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to March 2018. Patient chart review and an interview were made with selected epileptic patients and analyzed by using Stata corp version 14 software. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify the contribution of selected independent variables to AED polypharmacy. The results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and, a p-value of <0.05 was considered as a cut-off point for declaring significance.ResultsA total of 252 epileptic patients were included in the analysis with a mean age of 30.4 (+SD7.8). More than half of the respondents were male (54.0%) and rural residents (52.8%). About 49% had 15 to 25 years duration of illness, and more than half had 3 to 5 years duration of treatment (50.8%). The most common type of seizure diagnosed was Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS) (49.2%), while the most common type of AED prescribed was Phenobarbitone (PHB) (69.8%). The prevalence of antiepileptic polypharmacy was 24.2%. The most frequently prescribed combination therapy was phenobarbitone with carbamazepine (15.5%) Place of residence (AOR=3; 95% CI: 1.1-8.3), long duration of illness (AOR=5.8; 95% CI: 1.1- 30.3), drug non-adherence (AOR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01- 0.06), and complaint of side effect (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.1-10.8), had a significant association with antiepileptic polypharmacy. ConclusionThe prevalence of AED polypharmacy was high among the study participants. The physicians should choose the drugs based on the seizure type and epilepsy syndrome to maintain patients on the appropriate mono-therapy.
Modelling New Insecticide-Treated Bed-Nets for Malaria-Vector Control: How to Strategically Manage Resistance?
Authors: Madgwick Philip Graham , Kanitz Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The programme to eradicate malaria is at a critical juncture as a new wave of insecticides for mosquito control enter their final stages of development. Previous insecticides have been deployed one-at-a-time until their utility was compromised, without the strategic management of resistance. But recent investment has led to the near-synchronous development of new insecticides, and with it the current opportunity to build resistance management into mosquito-control methods to maximize the chance of eradicating malaria. Methods: Here, building on the parameter framework of an existing mathematical model, resistance-management strategies using multiple insecticides are compared to suggest how to deploy combinations of available and new insecticides on bed-nets to achieve maximum impact. Results: Although results support the use of different strategies in different settings, deploying new insecticides ideally together in (or at least as a part of) a mixture is shown to be a robust strategy across most settings. Conclusions: Substantially building on previous works, we find alternative solutions for the resistance management of new insecticides to be used in bed-nets for malaria vector control. Our results support a mixture product concept as the most robust way to deploy new insecticides, even if they are mixed with a pyrethroid that has lower effectiveness due to pre-existing resistance. These results can help deciding on deployment strategies and policies around the sustainable use of these new anti-malaria tools.
Cloud Computing based E-commerce Management Ontransaction Security Concepts
Authors: Chi Jinling , Sui Xuefeng , Alazab Mamoun , Muthu BalaAnand 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The way e-commerce companies do commerce is transformed by cloud computing. Although the usage of cloud technology in e-commerce has grown suddenly, the advantages of cloud services platforms have not yet been exploited, especially for e-commerce applications. For decision-makers, it is vital that the optimized cloud-based computing solution like software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), or infrastructure as a service(IaaS) model is adopted as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue and is thus dependent on a trustworthy and secured online shop. A new Cloud computing-based E-Commerce Management (CCECM) approach is provided to tackle the MCDM issue, a multiple-criteria group approach based on an ordering preference strategy by an idealized solution,and relying on the structure for a list of requirements. A small-to-medium firm uses the suggested system to ease the assessment and decision-making of the aspects connected with cloud e-commerce with security.The results show that small and moderate-sized e-commerce companies have higher secured and efficient communication. SaaS is asuitable alternative for difficulty, dependability, safety and protection, organizational preparedness, and corporate size. At the same time, adaptability and scaling can be enhanced in the choosing of PaaS or IaaS.
Templates for Climate-smart Landscape Design
Authors: Lavorel Sandra , Grigulis Karl , Richards Daniel Rex , Etherington Thomas R , Law Richard M , Herzig Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Context – In climate-smart landscapes people manage land use for integrating sustainable production, climate change adaptation and mitigation. The spatial dimension of this multifunctionality remains to be formalised to increase effectiveness of nature-based solutions.Objectives – We aimed to systematically analyse effects of fragmentation on multifunctionality and their interactions with land-use intensity responses.Methods – We generated virtual landscapes to model interactions among six ecosystem services (ES) of different spatial sensitivities. We simulated land-use patterns on topographies from plains to mountains. Four land-use intensity treatments departed from hypothesised optimal composition for biodiversity and ES with > 30% intensive, < 30% extensive or protected and > 40% intermediate intensity use. For each composition we generated landscapes with differing fragmentation.Results – Pixel- and landscape-level multifunctionality emerge from sensitivities of the six ES to landscape composition, fragmentation and their interactions. In heterogenous landscapes of intermediate land-use intensity extensive grasslands and spatial complementarity supported multiple ES provision. Multifunctionality increased in coarser-grained landscapes, reflecting the sensitivity of the recreation model. Largest losses in multifunctionality with land-use intensity were at lower fragmentation due to simultaneous losses for nitrogen retention and pollination. Regulating ES were synergistic and showed trade-offs with recreation. Although interactions were most sensitive to intensity given its dominant effects on individual ES, fragmentation mediated interaction strength.Conclusions – Virtual simulations allow a systematic understanding of how interactions between land-use intensity and fragmentation modulate multifunctionality. This constitutes an essential step to designing templates for climate smart-landscapes tailored to regional geographies, land-use allocation and ES priorities.
What Truly Matters for The Implementation of Medical Alliances? A Cross-Sectional Study in China From The Perspective of Physicians
Authors: cui chengsen , Zuo Xu , Wang Yujia , Shi Jingyu , Feng Xingmiao , Meng Kai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
In China, medical alliances (MAs) are a way of integrating medical resources. This study tries to identify the factors that influence the implementation of MAs, explore physicians' views on the MAs, so as to provide experience for the integration of international medical resources.
Methods
Physicians in district D and district F of Beijing were recruited by a self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistical methods and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to describe and contrast the physicians’ evaluations. Factor analysis was used to reduce dimensions and calculate the overall evaluation of physicians. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the influencing factors of MAs.
Results
A total of 1032 physicians participated in this survey and the evaluation of MAs in D district is better. Most physicians express a dissatisfied attitude toward MAs. Regional characteristics, seniority and age of physicians, cognition degree of MA policy, professional competence, income and benefits and job satisfaction of physicians affect the implementation of MAs.
Conclusions
Physicians undertake more unpaid tasks in MAs, resulting in lower satisfaction. MAs in developed regions can stimulate the enthusiasm of physicians through extra rewards. Besides, the medical competence of physicians in small hospitals was improved with the help of physicians from large hospitals in the region, so physicians in these areas have better evaluations. The findings suggest that governments should focus on the personal development of physicians and improve their policy cognition to facilitate the implementation of MAs. In conclusion, the implementation of MAs varies in regions and developed regions have a more obvious effect on improving the implementation effect of MAs.
Factors that Influence the Quality of Metabolomics Data in in Vitro Cell Toxicity Studies: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Moreno-Torres Marta , García-Llorens Guillem , Moro Erika , Méndez Rebeca , Quintás Guillermo , Castell José Vicente 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) is a global strategy and regulation policy of the EU that aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment through the better and earlier identification of the intrinsic properties of chemical substances. It entered into force on 1st June 2007 (EC 1907/2006). REACH and EU policies plead for the use of robust high-throughput "omic" techniques for the in vitro investigation of the toxicity of chemicals that can provide an estimation of their hazards as well as information regarding the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. In agreement with the 3R’s principles, cultured cells are nowadays widely used for this purpose, where metabolomics can provide a real-time picture of the metabolic effects caused by exposure of cells to xenobiotics, enabling the estimations about their toxicological hazards. High quality and robust metabolomics data sets are essential for precise and accurate hazard predictions. Currently, the acquisition of consistent and representative metabolomic data is hampered by experimental drawbacks that hinder reproducibility and difficult robust hazard interpretation.
Using the differentiated human liver HepG2 cells as model system, and incubating with hepatotoxic (acetaminophen and valproic acid) and non-hepatotoxic compounds (citric acid), we evaluated in-depth the impact of several key experimental factors (namely, cell passage, processing day and storage time, and compound treatment) and instrumental factors (batch effect) on the outcome of an UPLC-MS metabolomic analysis data set. Results showed that processing day and storage time had a significant impact on the retrieved cell's metabolome, while the effect of cell passage was minor. Meta-analysis of results from pathway analysis showed that batch effect corrections and quality control (QC) measures are critical to enable consistent and meaningful estimations of the effects caused by compounds on cells. The quantitative analysis of the changes in metabolic pathways upon bioactive compound treatment remained consistent despite the concurrent causes of metabolomic data variation. Thus, upon appropriate data retrieval and correction and by an innovative metabolic pathway analysis, the metabolic alteration predictions remained conclusive despite the acknowledged sources of variability.
Vision-Related Quality of Life and Subscale Items Following Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections for Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Okamoto Fumiki , Murakami Tomoya , Sugiura Yoshimi , Morikawa Shohei , Hiraoka Takahiro , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injections (IVR) for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and investigate subscale items of VR-QOL in detail. This multicenter, open-label, prospective study included 23 patients with treatment naïve CRVO and 22 age-matched normal controls. VR-QOL was assessed by the 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) before and up to 12 months post-treatment. The VFQ-25 composite score and 12 subscales were compared between groups. The VFQ-25 composite scores in CRVO showed significant improvement throughout the treatment period compared with those at the baseline. The VFQ-25 composite score before and after treatment in CRVO was significantly lower than that in normal controls. The subscale items, including general health, general vision, near activities, social functioning, mental health, role difficulties, dependency, and peripheral vision, in CRVO were significantly lower than those in the normal controls even after treatment. Vision-related QOL was low in patients with CRVO before treatment and improved with IVR. Even after treatment, the values of several subscale items were lower than those in normal controls. Patients with CRVO require treatment aimed at further improving visual function as well as social and psychological care.
Superspreading in the COVID-19 Epidemic Due to the Autointerference of Viruses
Authors: Shlyakhover Vladimir , Iabluchanskyi Mykola , Dimaschko Juri 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It has been shown that autointerference of viruses limiting their replication leads to the emergenceof a new stable asymptomatic state of the infected organism. This state gives viruses the ability tosuperspread and make a main contribution to the epidemic. We assume this to be responsible forthe superspreading in the COVID-19 epidemic.
Measuring Vietnamese social work students’ and non-social work students’ attitudes toward poverty and poor population
Authors: Tien Le Minh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper reports the results collected from social work students (SW) and non-social work students (NSW) of the Ho Chi Minh City Open University (OU), through attitudes toward poverty and poor people, in Vietnam. The Attitude toward Poverty Short Form (ATP-SF) 21-item (ATP-SF) scale, developed by Yun & Weaver (2010), was used for the data collection. The sample of this study comprises 180 students enrolled at three disciplines such as social work (n= 86), law (n= 34), foreign language (n=30) and economics (n=30). The questionnaire was used to collect the data for the study. Cronbach alpha and independent t-test were run to compare means between two groups of students. All students were voluntarily participated in the survey. Results: A total of 180 social work students and nonsocial work students at Ho Chi Minh City Open University in Vietnam were surveyed. Among them, 86 were social work students, the other 94 students were from law (n=34), foreign language (n=30) and economics (n=30). The survey results showed that, when looking for causes of poverty, social work students and nonsocial work students put most emphasis on structural factors of poverty. However, social work students, compared with nonsocial work students, consider personal deficiency and stigma more important.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among antenatal care clients of Adama hospital medical college, Adama, Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Tekeba Tsega-Ab Abebaw 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective

An already overwhelmed health system with many sporadic outbreaks is now threatened by the COVID-19 epidemics. Person-to-person transmission is currently ongoing in the country, making it necessary to control the disease. To guarantee successful disease control, the knowledge, attitudes and, practices people hold towards the disease play an integral role. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among antenatal care clients of Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia.
Results

A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 6, 2021, to May 31, 2021. Among the 292 study participants, 222 (75.3%) had good knowledge and 70 (24%) moderate knowledge status. Significant number of respondents 131 (44.9%) had neutral attitude while 159 (54.5%) had positive attitude. The prevalence of poor practice was 61 (20.9%). Majority of the respondents, 136 (46.6%) had moderate practice level.