bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the association between educational assortative mating, infant and child mortality in Nigeria
Authors: Ariyo Tolulope , Jiang Quanbao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Existing knowledge has established the connection between maternal education and child survival, but little is known about how educational assortative mating (EAM), relates to childhood mortality. We attempt to examine this association in the context of Nigeria.

Methods
Data was obtained from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 waves of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, which is a cross-sectional study. The sample includes the analysis of 72,527 newborns within the 5 years preceding each survey. The dependent variables include the risk of a newborn dying before 12 months of age (infant mortality), or between the age of 12–59 months (child mortality). From the perspective of the mother, the independent variable, EAM, includes four categories (high-education homogamy, low-education homogamy, hypergamy, and hypogamy). The Cox proportional hazard regression was employed for multivariate analyses, while the estimation of mortality rates across the spectrum of EAM was obtained through the synthetic cohort technique.

Results
The risk of childhood mortality varied across the spectrum of EAM and was particularly lowest among those with high-education homogamy. Compared to children of mothers in low-education homogamy, children of mothers in high-education homogamy had 25, 31 to 19% significantly less likelihood of infant mortality, and 34, 41, and 57% significantly less likelihood of child mortality in 2008, 2013 and 2018 survey data, respectively. Also, compared to children of mothers in hypergamy, children of mothers in hypogamous unions had 20, 12, and 11% less likelihood of infant mortality, and 27, 36, and 1% less likelihood of child mortality across 2008, 2013 and 2018 surveys, respectively, although not significant at p < 0.05. Both infant and child mortality rates were highest in low-education homogamy, as expected, lowest in high-education homogamy, and lower in hypogamy than in hypergamy. Furthermore, the trends in the rate declined between 2008 and 2018, and were higher in 2018 than in 2013.

Conclusion
This indicates that, beyond the absolute level of education, the similarities or dissimilarities in partners’ education may have consequences for child survival, alluding to the family system theory. Future studies could investigate how this association varies when marital status is put into consideration.
Physician induced demand for knee replacement surgery in Iran
Authors: Alinia Cyrus , Takian Amirhossein , Saravi Nasser , Yusefzadeh Hasan , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Olyaeemanesh Alireza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The structure of the Iranian health system has raised this hypothesis that a part of the Knee Replacement Surgery (KRS) services are provided due to Physician-Induced Demand (PID).

Methods
This paper used an unbalanced individual panel data covering the steady-state 15,729 KRSs performed by 995 surgeons provided by the Armed Forces Insurance Organization at the provincial level over the 60 months (2014–2018). We use a generalized method of moment’s system (GMM-SYS) to obtain consistent and asymptotically efficient estimates, which provide a vital instrument for our dynamic panel data.

Results
The outcomes show that with unequal increasing orthopedic surgeons to population ratio, both the number and size of KRS services were increased significantly at a 1 % level. Given that the positive elasticity obtained for the service size was significantly larger than the number of services, the findings give strong support for the existence of PID in the Iran system for KRS care. Also, the raw and population-adjusted number of KRS, cost, and the surgery per active physician increased significantly at the monthly province level.

Conclusions
This is the first time that the existence of PID in the Iranian health system is investigated using approved econometric models. The findings indicate that the health system structure has been provided the conditions for aggressive, costly, and high-risk services such as KRS to be exposed to PID.
PSPC1 is a new contextual determinant of aberrant subcellular translocation of oncogenes in tumor progression
Authors: Lang Yaw-Dong , Jou Yuh-Shan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is commonly observed in cancers and emerging as a cancer hallmark for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies. Despite its severe adverse effects, selinexor, a selective first-in-class inhibitor of the common nuclear export receptor XPO1, was developed to target nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling and received accelerated FDA approval in 2019 in combination with dexamethasone as a fifth-line therapeutic option for adults with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). To explore innovative targets in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, we propose that the aberrant contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, such as PSPC1 (Paraspeckle component 1), TGIF1 (TGF-β Induced Factor Homeobox 1), NPM1 (Nucleophosmin), Mortalin and EBP50, that modulate shuttling (or cargo) proteins with opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be theranostic targets for developing anticancer strategies. For instance, PSPC1 was recently shown to be the contextual determinant of the TGF-β prometastatic switch and PTK6/β-catenin reciprocal oncogenic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The innovative nucleocytoplasmic shuttling inhibitor PSPC1 C-terminal 131 polypeptide (PSPC1-CT131), which was developed to target both the shuttling determinant PSPC1 and the shuttling protein PTK6, maintained their tumor-suppressive characteristics and exhibited synergistic effects on tumor suppression in HCC cells and mouse models. In summary, targeting the contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling with cargo proteins having opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be an innovative strategy for developing new therapeutic biomarkers and agents to improve cancer therapy.
Financial Incentives for Preventing Postpartum return to Smoking (FIPPS): study protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ussher M. , Best C. , Lewis S. , McKell J. , Coleman T. , Cooper S. , Orton S. , Bauld L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Financial incentives are an effective way of helping women to stop smoking during pregnancy. Unfortunately, most women who stop smoking at this time return to smoking within 12 months of the infant’s birth. There is no evidence for interventions that are effective at preventing postpartum smoking relapse. Financial incentives provided after the birth may help women to sustain cessation. This randomised controlled trial will assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of financial incentives to help women who are abstinent from smoking at end-of-pregnancy to avoid return to smoking up to 12 months postpartum.

Methods
This is a UK-based, multi-centre, three-arm, superiority, parallel group, individually randomised controlled trial, with 1:1:1 allocation. It will compare the effectiveness of two financial incentive interventions with each other (one intervention for up to 3 months postpartum offering up to £120 of incentives (£60 for the participant and £60 for a significant other support); the other for up to 12 months postpartum with up to £300 of incentives (£240 for the participant and £60 for a significant other support) and with a no incentives/usual care control group. Eligible women will be between 34 weeks gestation and 2 weeks postpartum, abstinent from smoking for at least 4 weeks, have an expired carbon monoxide (CO) reading < 4 parts per million (ppm), aged at least 16 years, intend remaining abstinent from smoking after the birth and able to speak and read English.
The primary outcome is self-reported, lapse-free, smoking abstinence from the last quit attempt in pregnancy until 12 months postpartum, biochemically validated by expired CO and/or salivary cotinine or anabasine. Outcomes will be analysed by intention-to-treat and regression models used to compare the proportion of abstinent women between the two intervention groups and between each intervention group and the control group. An economic evaluation will assess the cost-effectiveness of offering incentives and a qualitative process evaluation will examine barriers and facilitators to trial retention, effectiveness and implementation.

Discussion
This pragmatic randomised controlled trial will test whether offering financial incentives is effective and cost-effective for helping women to avoid smoking relapse during the 12 months after the birth of their baby.

Trial registration
International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 55218215. Registered retrospectively on 5th June 2019
Effect of intestinal microecology on postnatal weight gain in very preterm infants in intensive care units
Authors: Ding Ying-Xue , Wang Shou-Ni , Cui Hong , Jiang Li-Na 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
To study the effect of intestinal microecology on postnatal weight gain of very preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods
Very preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects were divided into the extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) group(defined as a body weight less than the 10th percentile of the corresponding gestational age or a weight loss between birth and a given time of  >  2SD were considered EUGR) and normal growth group, and the growth was evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after birth. Meanwhile, the stool samples were taken to perform16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high -throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microflora was performed on stool samples.

Results
A total of 22 infants were included. There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity indexes indices between the two groups at 2 weeks or 4 weeks after birth. The beta diversity analysis showed that the two groups had similar principal components of the intestinal microflora were similar between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) showed that 2 weeks after birth, the bacteria with an absolute LDA score (log10) higher than 4 included Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales and Stenotrophomonas in the EUGR group and Enterococcaceae and Enterococcus in the control group. At the 4th week after birth, the bacteria with an absolute LDA score (log10) higher than 3 in the EUGR group includedwere Clostriaceae, Eubacteriaceae and Eubacterium. TheBy comparing the composition of the microbial community composition comparison showed, significant differences were found in the principal components of Enterococcus and Streptococcus on the family and genus levels at 2 weeks after birth. No Bifidobacterium was found in either group at 4 weeks after birth.

Conclusion
Intestinal microecology is different between infants with EUGR and those with normal growth. The diversity and richness of the intestinal microflora in preterm infants at the NICU are significantly insufficient and change dynamically with time, and the establishment of intestinal homeostasis is obviously delayed.
Supply chain resilience and industry 4.0: a evaluation of the Brazilian northeast automotive OEM scenario post COVID-19
Authors: Soares Milton C. , Ferreira Cristiano V. , Murari Thiago B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 outbreak has heavily impacted the manufacturing industry, including Brazilian Automotive Industry. The effects of COVID-19 created restrictions in several industry processes as supply chain. On the other hand, several industry 4.0 technologies is able to support the industry supply chain activities in the COVID 19 scenarios, as well it may contributed for the automotive industry recovery and it will define the next steps of this industry. A supply chain is a network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute a specific product to the final buyer. Industry 4.0 is related to the technology development and the digitalization process that improve significantly productivity. Considering the automotive process, an important reference model is described in Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Plan, that is a manual that communicate the guidelines of the product quality planning and control plan for internal and external suppliers. In this scenario, this paper evaluated the current situation and the future outlook for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the automotive OEM post-pandemic scenario on the point of view of automotive specialists. The results of this research provide an overview of the current situation and the future outlook for the usage of Industry 4.0 technologies by the Brazilian Northeast automotive OEM, from the perspective of manufacturing engineering experts on APQP.
Wnt5a Regulates Junctional Function of Sertoli cells Through PCP-mediated Effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2
Authors: Fu Yan , Wei Yuexin , Zhou Yu , Wu Huan , Hong Yifan , Long Chunlan , Wang Junke , Wu Yuhao , Wu Shengde , Shen Lianju , Wei Guanghui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The blood–testis barrier (BTB) and apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES), which are synchronized through the crosstalk of Sertoli cells and Sertoli germ cells, are required for spermatogenesis and sperm release. Here, we show that Wnt5a, a noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway ligand, is predominately expressed in both the BTB and apical ES and has a specific expression pattern during the seminiferous epithelium cycle. We employed siRNA to knockdown Wnt5a expression in testis and Sertoli cells, and then identified elongated spermatids that lost their polarity and were embedded in the seminiferous epithelium. Moreover, phagosomes were found near the tubule lumen. These defects were due to BTB and apical ES disruption. We also verified that the expression level and/or location of BTB-associated proteins, actin binding proteins (ABPs), and F-actin was changed after Wnt5a knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we demonstrated that Wnt5a regulated actin dynamics through Ror2-mediated mTORC1 and mTORC2. This study clarified the molecular mechanism of Wnt5a in Sertoli cell junctions through the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. Our findings could provide an experimental basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility caused by Sertoli cell junction impairment.
Cross-sectional UK survey of advanced practice physiotherapy: characteristics and perceptions of existing roles
Authors: Rath Lucy , Faletra Agostino , Downing Nick , Rushton Alison 
Published: August 2021

Background/aimsFew studies have investigated the characteristics of advanced practice physiotherapy in the UK to evaluate current context and implementation. The aim of this study was to understand how advanced practice physiotherapy is implemented in the UK.MethodsA cross-sectional online descriptive national questionnaire was developed, using a previous survey and literature, comprising 33 closed, Likert-scale and open questions. Data analysis was undertaken using frequencies and thematic analysis. All 646 members of the Advanced Practice Physiotherapy Network were invited to participate.ResultsA total of 142 (22% response) reported 13 job titles; 40% had experienced ≥1 title change; most (50.7%) preferred ‘advanced practice physiotherapist’. High level job satisfaction was identified but barriers prevent fulfilment of the four advanced practice physiotherapy pillars: clinical practice, leadership and management, education and research. High level clinical skills and facilitating patient pathways were key to role differentiation. Problems included lack of support, inconsistency between responsibility and reward, and no consistent framework for advanced practice physiotherapy roles.ConclusionsAdvanced practice physiotherapists are largely satisfied, but significant variation exists in titles and implementation of roles. A consistent advanced practice physiotherapy framework is required.
Educational attainment and trajectories of cognitive decline during four decades—The Glostrup 1914 cohort
Authors: Harrsen Kristine , Christensen Kaare , Lund Rikke , Mortensen Erik Lykke 
Published: August 2021

Background
The potential association between level of education and age-related cognitive decline remains an open question, partly because of a lack of studies including large subsamples with low education and follow-up intervals covering a substantial part of the adult lifespan.

Objectives
To examine cognitive decline assessed by a comprehensive clinical test of intelligence over a 35-year period of follow-up from ages 50 to 85 and to analyze the effect of education on trajectories of cognitive decline, including the effects of selective attrition.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort study with a 35-year follow-up of community dwelling members of the Glostrup 1914 cohort. The study sample comprised 697 men and women at the 50-year baseline assessment and additional participants recruited at later follow-ups. Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs were assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at ages 50, 60, 70, 80, and 85. To be able to track cognitive changes between successive WAIS assessments, all IQs were based on the Danish 50-year norms. Information on school education was self-reported. The association between education and cognitive decline over time was examined in growth curve models. Selective attrition was investigated in subsamples of participants who dropped out at early or later follow-ups.

Results
The trajectories for Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ showed higher initial cognitive performance, but also revealed steeper decline among participants with a formal school exam compared to participants without a formal exam. Verbal IQ showed the largest difference in level between the two educational groups, whereas the interaction between education and age was stronger for Performance IQ than for Verbal IQ. In spite of the difference in trajectories, higher mean IQ was observed among participants with a formal school exam compared to those without across all ages, including the 85-year follow-up.
Further analyses revealed that early dropout was associated with steeper decline, but that this effect was unrelated to education.

Conclusion
Comprehensive cognitive assessment over a 35-year period suggests that higher education is associated with steeper decline in IQ, but also higher mean IQ at all follow-ups. These findings are unlikely to reflect regression towards the mean, other characteristics of the employed test battery or associations between educational level and study dropout.
Hacer el pensamiento visible para el fortalecimiento de las habilidades comunicativas en inglés de niños de transición
Authors: Marín Hine Sebastián Fernando , Rodríguez de Martínez María Nuria 
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación tuvo el propósito de indagar por el fortalecimiento de las habilidades comunicativas en inglés de niños del nivel de transición en un colegio privado de la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia); nivel que, de acuerdo con el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia (Decreto 3870 de 2006), es la oferta educativa para los niños de 5 años cumplidos. El planteamiento de este proyecto se abordó desde el diseño de una secuencia didáctica, utilizando como base teórica, por un lado, el enfoque de Pensamiento Visible para el desarrollo y la promoción de disposiciones de mente a través de la implementación de rutinas de pensamiento y, por el otro, el enfoque Natural de la Lengua para el trabajo de la competencia comunicativa. La recolección de datos se hizo a partir de la documentación generada desde las rutinas de pensamiento, los apuntes en el diario de campo y el material fotográfico y audiovisual. Los datos recolectados mostraron el vínculo que existe entre el lenguaje y la producción de pensamiento. Los hallazgos obtenidos fueron: primero, la lengua materna tiene un papel importante en la adquisición de una lengua extranjera. Segundo, el proceso de lectura y escritura en una segunda lengua está estrechamente relacionado con la competencia que tenga el individuo en su lengua nativa. Tercero, las rutinas de pensamiento funcionan como herramientas de andamiaje en la interiorización de vocabulario y en la comprensión de estructuras gramaticales.
Gramotnosti ve vzdělávání – na cestě k vymezení jazykové gramotnosti
Authors: Šmejkalová Martina , Vondrová Naďa , Smetáčková Irena , Chvál Martin 
Published: August 2021

Tato teoretická studie se zabývá tématem definování funkční jazykové gramotnosti pro jazyk mateřský (první). Důvody jsou následující: (1) Téma gramotností je v současné době aktuální a dochází k propracovávání celé řady definic pro různorodé gramotnosti více či méně vázané k tradičním obsahům školního kurikula. (2) Definice funkční jazykové gramotnosti pro jazyk mateřský (první) nebyla dosud v domácí odborné komunitě významněji diskutována. (3) V oblasti vzdělávání v mateřském (prvním) jazyce je v posledních letech pod vlivem mezinárodních výzkumů akcentována gramotnost čtenářská; z perspektivy neredukovaně pojaté komunikace zůstává definice jazykové gramotnosti poněkud stranou.
Definice funkční jazykové gramotnosti v této studii byla navržena jednak s oporou o etablovaná vymezení gramotností matematické a čtenářské, jednak s oporou o analýzu domácí i zahraniční literatury zabývající se snahou o definici funkční jazykové gramotnosti v mateřském (prvním) jazyce.
Výsledkem studie je návrh definice funkční jazykové gramotnosti jako komplexu znalostí, dovedností, schopností a postojů týkajících se užívání mateřského (prvního) jazyka v kontextu různorodých komunikačních událostí při produkci a recepci psaných i mluvených komunikátů a při analýze a interpretaci jejich jazykových vlastností.
Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer and flow characteristics with different placement of the multi-deck display cabinet in supermarket
Authors: Yuan Pei , Zeng Qinghui , Lei Zhenglin , Wu Yixiao , Lu Yanli , Hu Chaolong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on the heat transfer and flow characteristics with the different placement of the multi-deck display cabinet and tries to optimize the placement position of refrigerated display cabinet. First, the temperature distribution in a refrigerated display cabinet was experimentally investigated. The result showed that the food temperature in front is 3.6–4.8°C higher than back row of the same layer, and temperature fluctuation of 0.3–0.7°C less than the back row. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model of the display cabinet was established, and the k–ε model is employed to compare and analyze the heat transfer and air curtain characteristics. The results show that the placement methods have great influence on the performance of the display cabinet. The face-to-back placement method can acquire a better food refrigeration performance, and the food temperature of the face-to-back placement method is 0.3–0.5°C lower than that of the face-to-face placement method.