bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Management and Postoperative Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Grade 3 Pancreatic Trauma Injury and Asymptomatic COVID-19
Authors: Antares Vesta , Adhi Mahendratama Purnama , Saputra Rory Denny 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has inevitably affected pediatric surgical services. Clinical manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatrics are generally asymptomatic to mild, so they are often not detected during initial screening. In adult population, the postoperative mortality of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is 23.8%. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health workers during surgery, the increasing postoperative mortality, and the risk of postoperative complications pose challenges for anesthetists in treating pediatric patients with COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery. Here, we describe the management of anesthesia and postoperative evaluation of a pediatric patient with asymptomatic COVID-19 who underwent emergency laparotomy due to grade 3 traumatic pancreatic injury under general anesthesia. We found no worsening of clinical symptoms or complications related to COVID-19 on 30 days after surgery. The increase in inflammatory markers was not related to COVID-19 but was an inflammatory response to traumatic injury and surgery.
Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Modified Radical Mastectomy Surgery
Authors: Datu Madonna Damayanthie , Prasetyadhi Jokevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Postoperative breast pain may lead to poorer outcome if left untreated. Common analgesia modalities for postoperative breast pain include opioids and regional anesthesia. However, both of these modalities can cause significant side effects or complications. Serratus anterior plane (SAP) block is a new procedure that is relatively easier to perform and safer, compared with other modalities. Previous studies have reported its usefulness in reducing the need for both intraoperative and postoperative opioids. We report two patients who underwent SAP block combined with general anesthesia in modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Patient 2 was given rescue analgesia during the intraoperative period. The administration of postoperative opioids did not exceed 24 h in both patients. Pain assessment using Numeric Rating Scale showed minimal postoperative pain. No side effects were found during 24-h monitoring period. SAP block can be used as one of the modalities in managing the pain of MRM surgery.
A Comparison between Intravenous Ondansetron and Granisetron in the Preventive Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Parripati Lakshmi Deepthi , Bandarupalli Seshatalpa Sai , Ramella Manoj , Sandhya L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Efforts are still conducted to reduce side effects of anesthesia, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous Ondansetron (4 mg) and Granisetron (2 mg) in the preventive management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing elective lower (uterine) segment cesarean section (LSCS).

Patients and Methods:
A total of 100 patients belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I and II posted for elective LSCS were included in the study. 100 patients were further divided into two groups (n = 50), i.e., Group O (ondansetron) and Group G (granisetron). This study was conducted from November 2017 to August 2019 on 100 ASA I and ASA II patients, aged from 18 to 35 years who underwent elective LSCS under the subarachnoid block.

Results:
Both drugs Ondansetron and Granisetron showed prevention of PONV (Granisetron showed 80% response and Ondansetron showed 44% response). Both drugs have shown promising results for a shorter duration in postoperative care but Ondansetron showed a higher number of PONV incidences than Granisetron in long duration.

Conclusion:
Granisetron is effective than Ondansetron in preventing nausea and vomiting in the late postoperative period with fewer side effects.
The Effect of Low-Dose Ketamine to Median Cerebral Artery's Mean Flow Velocity in Patients Underwent Noncerebral Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung , Suarjaya I Putu Pramana , Lizal Roy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Ketamine can provide sedation and analgesia in specific doses. Whereas most other anesthetic agents exert a suppressive effect on the cardiovascular system and can lower blood pressure, ketamine can have the opposite effect. Although it provides many benefits, the use of ketamine is still limited in patients who are at the risk of increased intracranial pressure, such as head injury and stroke. The present study aims to compare the mean flow velocity-medial cerebral artery's (MFV-MCA) in patients receiving propofol with patients receiving a low-dose combination of propofol and ketamine.

Materials and Methods:
This was an experimental study with a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design. A total of 58 ASA I-II patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia technique were collected by the consecutive sampling technique. The sample was divided into two groups: Group A received a low dose of ketamine after the patient was induced with propofol and Group B received NaCl 0.9% after the patient was induced with propofol. We used transcranial Doppler to measure the MFV-MCA before, 5 min after, and 10 min after the administration of ketamine.

Results:
We found no statistical difference between the groups in terms of MFV-MCA values before ketamine administration (P = 0.908), 5 min after ketamine administration (P = 0.890), and 10 min after ketamine administration (P = 0.981).

Conclusion:
The administration of low-dose ketamin at 0.3 mg/kg after induction did not increase the MFV-MCA in patients who underwent general anesthesia using propofol.
Antioxidant Effects of L-citrulline Supplementation in High-fat Diet- and Dexamethasone-induced Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Hassan-Danboyi Evelyn , Jimoh Abdulazeez , Alhassan Abdulwahab , Danboyi Timothy , Mohammed Kabir Ahmed , Dubo Augustine Banlibo , Haruna Jamilu , Yakubu Bulus Billy 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms underlying the onset and development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although L-citrulline possesses antioxidant effect, little or no data exist linking such effects in diabetic setting.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-citrulline on biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetic Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty male Wistar rats 10–12 weeks old and weighing 200–250 g were randomly assigned into six groups of five rats each. Group I rats were fed normal diet, while diabetes was induced in the other groups with high-fat diet (HFD) and dexamethasone intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Thereafter, Group III received metformin 100 mg/kg/day orally, and Groups IV, V, and VI received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day L-citrulline, respectively, for another 21 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS and values at P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
The malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly reversed from 42.0 ± 0.42 μmol/mL in the diabetic group to 20.7 ± 0.81, 22.2 ± 0.75 and 22.1 ± 0.39 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively. The L-citrulline remarkably ameliorated the reduction in superoxide dismutase activity noted in the diabetic group (13.0 ± 0.44 μmol/mL) at all doses (17.8 ± 0.37, 16.0 ± 0.51, and 23.7 ± 0.78 μmol/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively). Similarly, there was a corresponding significant increase in the catalase activity, especially at 400 mg/kg (13.7 ± 0.43 ng/mL) and 800 mg/kg (14.6 ± 0.54 ng/mL) compared to the diabetic group (10.8 ± 0.41 ng/mL). The marked reduction in reduced glutathione level observed in the diabetic group (22.9 ± 0.69 mg/mL) was markedly ameliorated by L-citrulline supplementation at all doses (42.9 ± 1.08, 46.4 ± 0.53, and 45.2 ± 1.00 mg/mL at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg, respectively).

Conclusion:
This study shows that L-citrulline supplementation has antioxidant effects in HFD- and dexamethasone-induced T2DM in male Wistar rats.
Helium-Oxygen Mixture Bag, a Novel Way for Extubation of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Bawazeer Mohammed A. , Dahhan Talal I. , Gattan Marame K. , Nahhas Ahmad A , Almutairi Hejab J , J. Ko Matthew Y. , Lapinsky Stephen E. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic in 2020; necessitating significant changes in patient-care procedures. Because of the risk of transmission to health care workers (HCWs) and the shortage of personal protective devices worldwide, novel protective barriers during aerosol-generating procedures have been developed. The intubation box has been proposed and gained popularity. A safe way for extubating patients with COVID-19 in critical care settings does not exist. This report discusses the development and assessment of the efficacy of using a Helium-Oxygen mixture (Heliox) filled bag during the extubation phase for the protection of HCW.

Study Design and Methods:
This methodology was developed at two tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Toronto, Canada. We describe a novel way using a bag filled with Heliox bag. We performed extubation of an intubated manikin with and without using the Heliox bag. The cough during extubation was simulated using a fluorescent dye-filled balloon, which was inflated with a hidden oxygen tube until it bursts. We used an ultraviolet (UV) light source to assess the aerosols generated during extubation.

Results:
During extubation using the Heliox bag, droplets of the fluorescent dye were all contained within the Heliox bag and only found on the manikin chest. While during extubation without using Heliox bag, using the UV light, we found droplets of the fluorescent dye on the HCW mask and hand, the bed, the floor, and wall of the room.

Conclusion:
In our simulated experiment, we found that the Heliox bag is an easy and reproducible way for extubating patients with COVID-19 and any other airborne disease. We also found that the Heliox bag is an effective way to protect HCW.
THE IRF EXCHANGE AS A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL: A STUDY OF ESL CLASSROOMS IN POKUASE TOWNSHIP, GHANA
Authors: Lomotey Charlotte Fofo , Gyima-Aboagye Gifty Emma 
Published: August 2021

<p>The classroom is a place where teachers and their pupils or students engage in interaction in order to promote effective learning. Such interactions can follow different patterns, and one such pattern is the IRF (initiation-response-feedback) exchange structure, developed by Sinclair and Coulthard (1975, 1992). This study examines the use of the IRF exchange pattern as a pedagogical tool in the English language classrooms of some Basic Schools in Pokuase, a town in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It investigates the way teachers and pupils initiate, respond to, and provide feedback for effective language acquisition. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative case study was adopted to analyze 11 hours and 40 minutes of classroom recordings and 100 minutes of interview data. Results regarding the IRF structure show that the various acts within the initiation move included nomination, directing, and prompting; the acts in the response move were replying and reacting, while the acts within the feedback move were acceptance, praise, criticism, and expansion. This result is an indication that there were more initiation and feedback acts than response acts, suggesting the teachers dominated the use of the exchange pattern, leaving the pupils to only provide responses. Results of the teachers’ role indicate that they are engaging in teacher talk as a way of providing explanation, organizing the lesson, and redirecting learners in the interaction. The teachers also provided prompt guidelines by creating conducive environment for the learners to be able to write, read, also provided specific and individual feedback to either correct learners’ language input or to encourage them to learn more. Based on the results, it is argued that teachers, especially at the basic level, should endeavour to employ the use of the IRF pattern because it has the potential to contribute a great deal to ESL teaching and learning.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0845/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE AND THEIR ENGLISH-SPEAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM
Authors: Pham Anh Tuan , Hong Hieu Trung , Chau Tien Thuy , Le Nhi Vo Anh , Tran Phuc Thuy Thy , Nguyen My Ngoc Nhat 
Published: August 2021

<p>This research aimed to discover the relationships between students' self-confidence and their English-speaking performance. In our research, self-confidence was divided into three components which are affective confidence, behavioral confidence, and cognitive confidence. In addition, speaking performance included eight components which are vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, fluency, coherence, comprehension, task, and content. A sample of 150 English-majored students at a university in Vietnam was surveyed in this study by using a convenience sampling technique, and then conducting semi-structured interviews to seek for qualitative information from 10 participants out of 150. The result from our study showed that there are significant relationships between the two variables. The more confident the students are, the more accomplished they would be in the presenting procedure since they have superior cognition and understand how to modify their learning methods to build a comprehensive individual in learning English language. We expect that these findings can help students adjust their learning methods to improve their self-confidence as well as English speaking performance and by that way, universities can add more speaking-related subjects so that students can have more opportunities to speak and learn more speaking skills.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0870/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
RISKY SEXUAL AND HEALTH BEHAVIOURS AND IMPACT ON PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Okeke Nkechi Uzochukwu , Anierobi Elizabeth Ifeoma , Oparaugo Ursula Ifeoma 
Published: August 2021

<p>Adolescents due to the experimentation and exploration drive that characterize the period often engage in risky sexual and health behaviours being ignorant of the consequences on their health and psychological well-being. The study adopted ex-post-facto research design to find out risky sexual and health behaviours and impact on psycho-social development of adolescents in tertiary institutions in Enugu state. Four research questions guided the study. A total of 300 students in 300 and 400 levels in three selected higher institutions in Enugu state formed the sample of the study. Data were collected through questionnaire of 40 items to elicit information on the impact of risky sexual and health behaviours on psycho-social development of adolescents. The instrument was validated by experts in education. Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha and an alpha coefficient of 0.78 was obtained. Research questions were answered using frequencies, percentages and mean. Result revealed the prevalence of risky sexual and health behaviours among adolescents in tertiary institutions in Enugu state. It also revealed that risky sexual and health behaviours are associated with frustration, low self-esteem, feelings of guilt, sense of regret, abandonment by parents/siblings and loss of self-respect among others. The researchers recommend family interventions (good parental training and monitoring), counseling and rehabilitation services, emotional regulation skills and self-management skills training.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0856/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IPAD USE IN PROMOTING STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Aldossry Badi 
Published: August 2021

<p>The Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia has used technology to support teaching and learning in Saudi's school system to meet the requirements of the National Transformation Program under Vision 2030. There are different kinds of technology which can enhance the effectiveness of the teaching and learning of mathematics, such as the iPad. This paper presents results of primary research investigating the effect of using iPads in enhancing student achievement in a Saudi secondary school. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effect of using an iPad on students' achievement in mathematics across two tenth grade classes (A and B) for two months. In the first month, students of group A used the iPad as a learning tool (treatment group), while students of group B used traditional methods as learning tools (control group). In the second month of the quasi-experimental period, group A became the control group using traditional methods, while group B became the treatment group using the iPad to learn mathematics. At the start of the experiment, a pre-test was completed, and the first post-test occurred one month later, then the treatment was switched. After two months at the end of the quasi-experimental period, both groups had taken the second post-test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the reliability of these tests, with the first test at 0.784 and the second test at 0.792, regarded as very high (close to 1.00). Thus, the tests' reliability and credibility were confirmed. Nine comparisons of the means were used to see if a significant statistical difference between the mean of the two groups or within a group existed, by using the SPSS t-test. After comparing the mean of ‘within-group A’, ‘within group B’, and ‘group A and group B’, it was seen that using the iPad made a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in students' achievements compared to traditional methods. The study summarises the main results and specific recommendations are provided.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0631/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19 BY PASSENGER’S DESTINATIONS FROM IRAN, CHINA AND AFGHANISTAN: HIGHER RISKS OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INTO BALUCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Inamullah Syed , Ashrafuddin Syed , Ahmed Syed Bilal , Rehmatullah Rehmatullah , Naz Farah , Muhammad Syed Akhtar , Tareen Samad 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study research was to assess the risk of spreading of covid-19 through passenger and zahireen returning from Iran, china and Afghanistan through airports, seaports and land cross borders.Methods: The data was obtained from provincial heath directorate government of Baluchistan and from Chinese health commission daily update website from the period of 28th February to 3rd March 2020.Result: In February and March 2020 five (5) initial cases of COVID-19 are reported in passengers and zahireen (people go to Iran for pilgrimage) returned from China and Iran. Pakistan is at risk a rapid importation of novel coronavirus (Covid-19) due to huge land and air traffic with china, Iran and Afghanistan with their corresponding contaminated cities.Conclusion: Pakistan being included in the countries, mostly dealing with Iran and china for many economic forums, without pre-controlled measure can lead to the quick equipped of novel coronavirus. It needs well develop health facilities to stop the rapid dispersion of this contagious disease.Key words: COVID-19, contagious disease. Zahireen, Taftan Risks in Pakistan
Ethnobotanical study of wild flora of Haroonabad, District Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anwer Zobia , Shabbir Siddra , Qurat-ul-ain . , Iram Tanzeela , Tariq Sumaira , Murad Hina 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The first purpose of this study to record the new and rare use of medicinal plants in the selected area; secondly to discover the plants which were unexplored in the past and thirdly to record the Ethnobotanical data of occurring plant species.Methodology: The studied area surveyed from July to December. The plants were dried and mounted on standard herbarium sheets. The Ethnobotanical data were collected from 85 local people of Haroonabad by questionnaire.Findings: The wild flora contained 81 species within 28 families. The largest family was Poaceae with 15 species followed by Euphorbiaceae with 8 species while Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae with 7 species. The life span of plants was comprised of 47 annual species (58%) and 34 perennial species (42%). The life-form spectrum explains that Therophyte 48 species (59%) were the dominant followed by Phanerophytes 7 species (8%) and Chaemophytes 13 species (17%), Hemicryptophyte 8 species (10%), Geophytes 3 species (4%) Halophyte 1 specie (1%) and Parasite 1 specie (1%). Leaf venation classes of plants consisted of reticulate 28 species (34%), pinnate 29 species (36%), parallel 20 species (25%), palmate 2 species (2.5%) and 2 species (2.5%) were leafless thus had no leaf venation. The plant species with herbaceous stems was 68 while with woody stems 13 species. The Ethnobotanical data of 70 species were recorded because 11 plants were not known by anyone. The range of UV value was 0.09 (Chrozophora plicata Vahl.) to 0.78 (Acacia nilotica L.) and the RCF value range was 0.03 (Imperata cylindrica L.) to 0.95 (Acacia nilotica L.). The range of ICF value was recorded from 0.45 (Hormonal disorder) to 0.78 (Respiratory disease). 57% whole plant followed by leaves (53%) was used in the ayurvedic field. Therophytes were supported in the studied region for the reason that the region is a semi-arid zone of Punjab, Pakistan.Unique contribution: The present comprehensive study provides a basic point for other researchers and enhances the knowledge of poor people related to ayurvedic field. The Ethnobotanical study tries to attract the attention towards the conservation strategies of wild plants.