bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Research
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite many attempts, there is little agreement of what counts for effective teaching and research. The different styles of four great teachers are examined, compared, and contrasted. Some basic elements, hard to quantify, are nonetheless identified. Realistic expectations for faculty research are discussed, the relationship between the quality of teaching and research is explained, and the importance that faith and reason play in the types of research Catholic universities should support is discussed. Finally, different forms of scholarship and the different expectations for scholarly production as research universities, comprehensive universities, and liberal arts colleges are examined, concluding that rigor can be defined in a variety of ways, not just by the number of articles published in refereed journals.
Theology in the Catholic University
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Major secular universities do not teach theology; they teach religious studies, if they teach anything about religion at all. It is impossible to imagine a Catholic university without theology. Four characteristics of Catholic theology show the unique contribution the discipline makes to Catholic higher education. False dichotomies are identified: critical or catechetical and faith or reason. This chapter describes the dramatic changes over the past sixty years in who teaches theology and what is taught to lay students at Catholic universities. Theologians need to address effectively the problem of widespread religious illiteracy among most college students. The Vatican document on Catholic higher education, Ex corde ecclesiae, offers a broad and demanding vision of the type of theological and moral education necessary for Catholic colleges and universities. The expectations of Catholic theologians in the academy and beyond it are daunting.
Campus Ministry and Academics
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Until the mid-twentieth century, 90% of Catholic colleges and universities were run by religious orders that integrated the study of religion with the religious life of the students, the vast majority of them being Catholic. Now, the student bodies include many non-Catholics, are mostly a-intellectual when it comes to religion, and would likely not take theology classes unless they were required. Faculty think moral formation is the obligation of a separate division of the university: student development offices and campus ministers. Most faculty are concerned only with intellectual development. As a professionalized group (master’s degree in pastoral ministry), campus ministers are often uninterested in the intellectual formation of students in the Catholic tradition. While retaining their primary responsibilities, faculty and campus ministers need to learn how to work with each other. Working together is much more possible at campuses that have a high percentage of undergraduate students in residence. Working with graduate students is more difficult, even at residential campuses.
The Bounds of Their Habitation
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 explicates the theology behind southern evangelicals’ resistance to civil rights. It explains why conservative white Christians opposed civil rights reforms, arguing that a significant percentage of these Christians constructed a theology from both the natural world and biblical texts in which God was viewed as the author of segregation, and one who desired that racial separatism be maintained. Referencing letters, sermons, pamphlets, and books, this chapter documents how segregationist theology was crafted, defended, and deployed throughout the 1950s and 1960s in the South. It also demonstrates how such a theology supported a segregationist Christianity that became common in southern white churches, proving influential in shaping the social and political responses white southerners had to the civil rights movement.
Embracing Colorblindness
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 traces the transformation of segregationist theology into the blossoming ideas of colorblind individualism in the early 1970s. This chapter narrates the integration of the United Methodist denomination to demonstrate how some white evangelicals adopted a language of colorblindness in an attempt to subvert racial integration. The story of South Carolina’s Methodists illuminates ways that religious ideas can adapt to the imperatives of the culture in which they reside. Accordingly, this chapter demonstrates that while many evangelicals were still influenced by traditional notions of segregationist theology, the growing acceptance of racial equality in American society dictated the need for new rhetoric to keep segregationist Christianity in line with cultural benchmarks of acceptability. Colorblind individualism proved to be such rhetoric.
Epilogue
Authors: Hawkins J. Russell 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the twenty-first century, descendants of segregationist Christians began pursuing the racial justice their forebears had fought. In a reversal of the biblical interpretations that segregationist Christians promoted a half-century earlier, these latter-day conservative Christians embrace racial diversity as a biblical command. But these contemporary evangelicals promote racial justice through individual heart changes, reconciled relationships, and appeals to colorblindness, the tools fashioned and utilized by their segregationist forebears precisely to avoid the racial justice their descendants now seek. Despite a growing number of conservative white Christians professing a desire to solve the problem of race, they are hindered in such efforts by the colorblind theology they inherited from their segregationist forebears.
The Supreme Head
Authors: Ledger-Lomas Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses Victoria’s deeply fractious relationship with the Church of England. She came to the throne determined not just to maintain but also to reform the Church by promoting the liberal clergy who could make it a more charitable and representative institution. Resistance to the royal promotion of liberalism from Tractarians and Ritualists who loathed Protestantism and Erastianism—state meddling in spiritual matters—made her increasingly aggressive in her determination to broaden the Church, as she pressed for legislation to stamp out liturgical experiments which hinted at a hankering after the spiritual authority of the Church of Rome. Victoria’s feeling that she could defend the Church by making it more representative of the Protestant nation not only set her against high church people, but blinded her to the principled objections that many Protestant Dissenters nursed to its establishment. Her alarmed response to their talk of disestablishment, especially in Wales, further narrowed Victoria’s understanding of liberalism.
Kaif
Authors: Fürst Juliane 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The elusive feeling of kaif was at the heart of the hippie experience—much more than ideology or belief. Kaif was borrowed from the Arabic term keif, which denotes the pleasurable state of mind that is granted to rightful Muslims in paradise. The term kaif meant altering one’s state of mind and entering a new world. Kaif was first and foremost a state of being high—even though not all hippies achieved this high through drugs, but lost themselves in music, sex, spirituality, or simply community. The sistema was all about kaif and it was masterful in creating the conditions in which kaif was experienced. This chapter will look at various routes to how kaif was achieved and what achieving kaif meant for hippie identity and their relationship to the Soviet habitat in which they lived.
Preserving preservationism (about free will)
Authors: Deery Oisín 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of how phenomenology might influence the reference conditions of the concept of free will. For descriptivists about reference, if the presentational content of free-agency phenomenology is libertarian, then descriptively libertarian reference conditions for the concept might be inherited from the phenomenology. In that case, eliminativism about the concept and denialism about free will would be true, assuming determinism. However, Gregg Caruso has maintained that even on a non-descriptivist and apparently preservationist and realist approach to the conceptual question, such as the natural-kind view, if the phenomenology has libertarian presentational content, then eliminativism and denialism are also true, once we assume determinism. Relying on the view about free-agency phenomenology developed in Chapter 4, this chapter provides a non-descriptivist defense of both preservationism and realism about free will, against Caruso’s claims. The chapter also considers Shaun Nichols’s discretionist position about free will.
Conclusions
Authors: Dobrovie-Sorin Carmen , Giurgea Ion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter summarizes our main empirical findings. We then make some suggestions regarding deep issues such as: Why is it the case that we have two majority mosts that can occur in both non-partitives and partitives (mostdist and mostcum) as well as two majority mosts that can occur only in partitives (mostRP and mostDP)? For each of these cases we demonstrate that the difference in LF representations stems from syntactic distinctions (NPs vs MeasPs as complements of mostdist and mostcum, respectively; RP and DP complements for partitive most). Comparisons with all further refine the proposals. We reiterate one of the main claims of the book: the fact that none of the majority mosts can be analyzed as a superlative. We propose that majority most evolved from the superlative of most via grammaticalization. We finally observe that the majority mosts that allow mass quantification invalidate some generalizations regarding “necessarily quantificational” DPs.
Introduction
Authors: Bidadanure Juliana Uhuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Justice Across Ages is a book about how we should respond to inequalities patterned on age membership. Our social fabric is structured around age and so inequalities between age groups are numerous and multifaceted. And yet, political theorists have spared little time thinking about how we should respond to these disparities. Are they akin to those patterned on gender or race? Or is there something relevantly distinctive about them that mitigates the need for concern? This introductory chapter presents these questions and shows why they matter. It introduces the book’s main aim—developing a theory of justice between co-existing generations—and also provides an overview of the book’s approach, main contributions and structure.
Lifespan Prudence
Authors: Bidadanure Juliana Uhuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How should a just government distribute resources like jobs, education and healthcare between age groups? How should it ensure that the rules that govern entitlements and restrictions at different stages of our lives are fair rather than age-biased? This chapter answers these questions starting from Norman Daniels’s account of lifespan prudence. Daniels proposes that the unattractive allegory of a war between young and old could be undercut by the simple realization that we can all benefit from some forms of unequal treatment by age. He asks us to convert the interpersonal question into the intrapersonal question “how would an ideally placed agent behind a veil of ignorance distribute scarce resources between different stages of her own life?” This chapter offers an in-depth critical engagement with the framework and offers two resulting principles of age-group justice: lifespan sufficiency and lifespan efficiency.
Treating Young and Old as Equals
Authors: Bidadanure Juliana Uhuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter brings the whole framework developed in previous chapters together: it summarizes its key components and examines potential conflicts between the principles. The chapter then goes back to the examples of inequalities between young and old with which this book began (unequal exposure to environmental risks, unequal benefit ratios, unequal per-capita spending, unequal respect, unequal political power, and unequal labor market vulnerabilities), and offers a final take on whether (or under which conditions) they are unjust. The chapter ends with an examination of the recommendations that can be derived from the framework for what counts as treating young adults, specifically, as equals.
Age, Jobs, and Inequalities
Authors: Bidadanure Juliana Uhuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Having a job can be a burden and a benefit at once, and so we tend to treat employment as a right and a duty. The distribution of jobs is therefore a pressing matter of social justice, understood as the fair distribution of burdens and benefits of social cooperation. We are well familiar with work inequalities patterned on gender, race, immigration status, level of ability, and social class, among other. But work is also very unequally distributed between persons at different stages of their lives. This chapter applies the normative insights offered in previous chapters to the complex world of work. It seeks to identify which workplace and labor market inequalities in rights and obligations should concern us by looking at programs that enforce a special right to work for the young, a special duty to retire for senior workers, and a special duty to work for the young. The chapter also examines the phenomenon of wrongful age discrimination in employment and the notion of age-integrated workplaces.
Youth-ing Politics
Authors: Bidadanure Juliana Uhuru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on disparities in political power between age groups. In particular, it looks at the critical underrepresentation of young adults in legislative bodies and makes the case that the introduction of youth quotas should be considered as a remedy. The defense has two parts: the first discusses the likely impact of youth quotas on the substantive representation of young adults’ interests; the other makes the case that youth quotas have symbolic value and could contribute to the affirmation of the young’s status as political equals. The chapter argues that these substantive and symbolic arguments jointly provide a good basis for a politics of youth presence in parliaments. The chapter concludes by drawing attention to the distinction between age and cohort quotas.
A Brief Introduction
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the Jurisdictional Challenge, that is, the situation where multiple courts may be competent or no court may be competent, and briefly explains the key features of internet technologies such as remoteness, decentralization, and ubiquity, which have given rise to the Jurisdictional Challenge. It briefly explains how internet technologies such as wireless networking, ubiquitous broadband, peer-to-peer file sharing, cloud computing, and blockchain are all increasing this trend. This chapter analyses why law enforcement on the internet is difficult and provides an overview of the book chapters.
The Jurisdictional Challenge Answered—Enforcement through Gatekeepers on the Internet
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines the consequences of the Jurisdictional Challenge of the internet for the enforcement of public law, such as content regulation and criminal law relating to illegal content. Internet applications such as websites, mobile apps, peer-to-peer file sharing, cyberlockers, and social media have enabled the remote sharing of illegal content and criminal interaction between people globally and across national borders. This global spread of illegal activities creates challenges for the application and enforcement of national law, as perpetrators may be remote from enforcement authorities, and content is shared instantly. The imposition of liability on intermediaries such as social media platforms as gatekeepers for law enforcement as a way of overcoming the Jurisdictional Challenge is critically discussed. Enforcement takes place against entities facilitating or enabling dissemination of illegal content or the illegal activities instead of the primary perpetrators. This strategy is used to overcome the “out of reach” problem caused by decentralization and remote targeting. This chapter critically analyses in detail the provisions on intermediary liability/immunity and recent proposals to impose a duty of care, particularly in respect of child sexual exploitation and abuse, and terrorism-related materials. It examines the German Network Law Enforcement Act and other countries’ similar initiatives (including the UK White Paper “Online Harms”) and the provisions in the revised EU AVMS Directive. It critically examines regulation by platforms themselves and the human rights implications of coregulation. Both notice and take-down regimes and blocking of internet access to material are covered, and different initiatives evaluated and compared.
Intellectual Property—Internet Jurisdiction and Applicable Law
Authors: Hörnle Julia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 12 covers jurisdiction and applicable law in respect of internet cases involving intellectual property (IP). It covers both registered rights (eg trademarks, patents, design rights) and unregistered rights (eg passing off, copyright). It incisively discusses the relationship between IP and the territoriality principle, and how the English courts have moved away from the strict territoriality rule in recent years. The chapter discusses the Berne Convention and, within the EU, the Copyright Directive overcoming the strict territoriality of copyright. It includes a discussion of domain names and in rem jurisdiction at the place of registration of the domain name. The chapter then moves to an explanation of the jurisdictional rules in England, as well as the harmonized EU rules in the Brussels Regulation. The chapter analyses in rem, subject-matter jurisdiction and its interplay with personal jurisdiction under the Brussels Regulation and the English Jurisdiction rules. The chapter briefly discusses the jurisdictional provisions in the EU Trademark Regulation, Community Design Regulation, and the European Patent. Finally, it covers the rules on applicable law in the Rome II Regulation and the Berne Convention.
A Theory of Prudence
Authors: Dorsey Dale 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Much of knowing what to do is knowing what to do for ourselves. But knowing how to act in our best interest is complex‐‐‐we must know what benefits us, what burdens us, and how these facts present and constitute considerations in favor of action. Not only this, we must know how we should weigh our interests at different times‐‐‐past, present, and future. What is needed, then, is a theory of prudence: a theory of how we ought to act when we are acting for ourselves. In this book, Dale Dorsey provides a comprehensive account of prudence, including the metaethics of prudential value, the nature of the personal good, the reasons of prudence, and the structure of prudential normativity over time.
A Defense of Subjectivism
Authors: Dorsey Dale 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends subjectivism about prudential value, the thesis that a necessary condition for all goods for a person is that the person in question value the good under the relevant conditions. This chapter provides a novel argument for subjectivism, the relationship to value argument, and defends its insistence that subjects should value, rather than take a non-valuing pro-attitude toward, individual goods
Project-Oriented Subjectivism
Authors: Dorsey Dale 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a further refinement of the subjectivist theory of well-being defended here. I argue that we should treat a person’s long-term, valued projects as having special value; value that can outstrip the extent to which these projects are valued by the person in question. I outline and defend this view against more standard approaches to subjectivism with reference to the oft-theorized “shape of a life” phenomenon, and with reference to the lesser-theorized phenomenon of good deaths.
Conclusion
Authors: Maiden Martin , Dragomirescu Adina , Dindelegan Gabriela Pană , Bărbulescu Oana Uță , Zafiu Rodica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter offers a concluding overview of some of the major characteristics of Romanian historical morphology. Among these are allomorphy, gender marking, case marking, the inflexional marking of definiteness, auxiliaries, and derivational affixes. Particularly interesting and distinctive in Romanian are the vocative, the supine, and the unusually rich pronominal system. Attention is also paid to the effects of language contact. The chapter reflects on the sensitivity of Romanian morphology to the feature of animacy.
Epistemology and the Ethics of Animal Experimentation
Authors: Engel Jr. Mylan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, Mylan Engel Jr. argues that animal experimentation is neither epistemically nor morally justified and should be abolished. Engel argues that the only serious attempt at justifying animal experimentation is the benefits argument, according to which animal experiments are justified because the benefits that humans receive from the experiments outweigh the costs imposed on the animal subjects. According to Engel, the benefits we allegedly receive from animal-based biomedical research are primarily epistemic, in that experimenting on animal models is supposed to provide us with knowledge of the origin and proper treatment of human disease. However, Engel argues that animal models are extremely unreliable at predicting how drugs will behave in humans, whether candidate drugs will be safe in humans, and whether candidate drugs will be effective in humans. Engel concludes that animal-based research fails to provide the epistemic, and thereby moral, benefits needed to justify its continued use.
Feminist Pornography as Feminist Propaganda, and Ideological Catch-22s
Authors: McGlynn Aidan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhilosophical discussions of pornography are often located within the philosophy of language, due to Rae Langton and Jennifer Hornsby’s pioneering speech-act theoretic treatments, offered with an eye towards issues concerning freedom of speech. An alternative (though not inconsistent) approach sees pornography as a topic for epistemologists; in particular, a number of philosophers have recently suggested a crucial part of what makes pornography troubling is that it acts as a kind of propaganda. However, while mainstream pornography tends to peddle a harmful, sexism sexual ideology, some feminists, including some feminist philosophers, have expressed the hope that feminist pornography could harness pornography’s persuasive force—its propagandic power to shape the attitudes, and perhaps the behaviour, of its consumers—but change the message. In this chapter, McGlynn critically examines this proposal and draws the disappointing conclusion that it is likely to fail, given the way that propaganda works.