bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer working lives – what do they mean in practice – a case of the Baltic countries
Authors: Aidukaite Jolanta , Blaziene Inga 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of older people's situation in the labour market in three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Three Nordic countries are taken as a reference point to compare the countries in order to better understand the situation from a comparative point of view. The article asks the questions: Does a longer working life for older people contribute to their better economic situation? How satisfied are they with a longer working life and their working conditions? Do they experience any discrimination in the labour market because of their age?Design/methodology/approachIn order to understand the situation of older people in the labour market, the authors employ welfare state models and the Active Ageing Index. The welfare state models help us to understand the context in which the working life of older people is taking place. The Active Ageing Index helps to gain a better understanding of the employment domain of active ageing. The analysis is based on several Europe-wide data sources: statistics on earnings from Eurostat database, information on income, job prospects, occupational safety and health, training, working life perspectives from the European Working Conditions Survey as well as a special survey, conducted by the authors, of Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian residents aged 50 years and older.FindingsAnalysis conducted reveals that in the Baltic countries older employees, although actively participating in the labour market, face unfavourable material, physical and psychological situation in the labour market more frequently than their younger colleagues. The findings show that the most important factors influencing older employees' decision to stay longer in the labour market in the Baltic countries are linked mostly to welfare state-related issues, i.e. financial benefits, healthcare, possibility to reconcile work and family obligations. These welfare state-related issues are even more important for those who are going to stay longer in the labour market after reaching the retirement age.Originality/valueThis article contributes to a better understanding of older (50+) people's situation in the labour market. It suggests that, while the increasing employment of older people increases the Active Ageing Index and is generally viewed positively, in some countries with less developed welfare states high employment rates of older employees, although providing them with an additional means of livelihood, do not ensure a higher quality of life and, on the contrary, act as a factor reducing the quality of work and, at the same time, the quality of life.
Traceability and transparency for sustainable fashion-apparel supply chains
Authors: Garcia-Torres Sofia , Rey-Garcia Marta , Sáenz Josune , Seuring Stefan 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe relationship between sustainability, traceability and transparency in the fashion-apparel industry, characterised by complex, labour-intensive and geographically dispersed supply chains (SCs), needs further clarification. The first goal of this study is to revise, refine and adapt to the scope of this industry, the conceptualisation of traceability and transparency and their interrelations with sustainability. The second goal is to uncover the key elements responsible for fostering and hindering their relationship in the fashion-apparel practice.Design/methodology/approachA Delphi study with fourteen experts representing key stakeholders in the entire fashion-apparel SC was carried out.FindingsOperational definitions for and clear boundaries amongst sustainability, traceability and transparency are identified, and a relational model including stakeholder groups and roles, drivers and barriers is developed. Traceability, defined as an ability, together with transparency, conceptualised as an internal decision and assisted (inter alia) by cross-sector collaboration are found to be necessary but not sufficient conditions to achieve SC sustainability, which is conceived as an outcome.Originality/valueThe work adapts concepts from the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature to the particular fashion-apparel context, incorporating the practical vision and nuances of all the key stakeholder groups and highlighting the mutually reinforcing relationship among traceability, transparency and cross-sector collaboration for effective SSCM in the fashion-apparel industry.
Effective police investigative practices: an evidence-assessment of the research
Authors: Prince Heather , Lum Cynthia , Koper Christopher S. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDetective work is a mainstay of modern law enforcement, but its effectiveness has been much less evaluated than patrol work. To explore what is known about effective investigative practices and to identify evidence gaps, the authors assess the current state of empirical research on investigations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assess the empirical research about the effectiveness of criminal investigations and detective work in resolving cases and improving clearance rates.FindingsThe authors’ analysis of the literature produced 80 studies that focus on seven categories of investigations research, which include the impact that case and situational factors, demographic and neighborhood dynamics, organizational policies and practices, investigative effort, technology, patrol officers and community members have on case resolution. The authors’ assessment shows that evaluation research examining the effectiveness of various investigative activities is rare. However, the broader empirical literature indicates that a combination of organizational policies, investigative effort and certain technologies can be promising in improving investigative outcomes even in cases deemed less solvable.Research limitations/implicationsFrom an evidence-based perspective, this review emphasizes the need for greater transparency, evaluation and accountability of investigative activities given the resources and importance afforded to criminal investigations.Originality/valueThis review is currently the most up-to-date review of the state of the research on what is known about effective investigative practices.
A randomised, double‐blind study investigating the relationship between early childhood trauma and the rewarding effects of morphine
Authors: Carlyle Molly , Broomby Rupert , Simpson Graham , Hannon Rachel , Fawaz Leah , Mollaahmetoglu O Merve , Drain Jade , Mostazir Mohammod , Morgan Celia J. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExperiences of childhood trauma (abuse and neglect) are disproportionately higher in those with opioid use disorder (OUD). Childhood trauma may affect the reinforcing and rewarding properties of opioid drugs and responses to pain, potentially via developmental changes to the endogenous opioid system. This has been supported by preclinical research, yet this has not been investigated in non‐addicted humans. Physically healthy participants with either a history of severe childhood trauma or no previous history of childhood trauma attended two sessions where they received either an intramuscular active dose of morphine (0.15 mg/kg) or a very low dose control (0.01 mg/kg) in a randomised, double‐blind crossover design. Sessions were held 1 week apart. Participants' physical pain threshold and tolerance were measured pre‐ and post‐drug administration using the cold water pressor test, alongside acute subjective and behavioural responses over 2.5 h. The trauma group reported liking the effects of morphine, feeling more euphoric and wanting more of the drug over the session, as well as feeling less nauseous, dizzy, and dislike of the effects of morphine compared to the non‐trauma comparison group. Morphine increased pain threshold and tolerance, yet this did not differ between the groups. Childhood trauma may therefore sensitise individuals to the pleasurable and motivational effects of opioids and reduce sensitivity to the negative effects, providing compelling evidence for individual differences in opioid reward sensitivity. This may explain the link between childhood trauma and vulnerability to OUD, with consequent implications on interventions for OUD, the prescribing of opioids, and reducing stigmas surrounding OUD.
Natural history of small asymptomatic kidney and residual stones over a long‐term follow‐up: systematic review over 25 years
Authors: Lovegrove Catherine E. , Geraghty Robert M. , Yang Bingyuan , Brain Eleanor , Howles Sarah , Turney Ben , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo systematically review the natural history of small asymptomatic kidney and residual stones, as the incidental identification of small, asymptomatic renal calculi has risen with increasing use of high‐resolution imaging.Materials and methodsWe reviewed the natural history of small asymptomatic kidney and residual stones using the Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO, Cochrane library and Clinicaltrials.gov using themes of ‘asymptomatic’, ‘nephrolithiasis’, ‘observation’, ‘symptoms’, ‘admission’, ‘intervention’ and similar allied terms for all English language articles from 1996 to 2020 (25 years). Inclusion criteria were studies with ≥50 patients, stones ≤10 mm, and a mean follow‐up of ≥24 months. Primary outcomes were occurrence of symptoms, emergency admission, and interventions.ResultsOur literature search returned 2247 results of which 10 papers were included in the final review. Risk of symptomatic episodes ranged from 0% to 59.4%. Meta‐analysis did not identify any significant difference in the likelihood of developing symptoms when comparing stones <5 mm to those >5 mm, nor those <10 mm to those >10 mm. Risk of admission varied from 14% to 19% and the risk of intervention from 12% to 35%. Meta‐analysis showed a significantly decreased likelihood of intervention for stones <5 vs >5 mm and <10 vs >10 mm. Studies had variable risk of bias due to heterogeneous reporting of outcome measures with significant likelihood that observed differences in results were compatible with chance alone (Symptoms: I2=0%, Cochran’s Q = 3.09, P = 0.69; Intervention: I2=0%, Cochran’s Q = 1.76, P = 0.88).ConclusionsThe present systematic review indicates that stone size is not a reliable predictor of symptoms; however, risk of intervention is greater for stones >5mm vs <5 mm and >10 vs <10 mm. This review will inform urologists as they discuss management strategies with patients who have asymptomatic renal stones and offer insight to committees during the development of evidence‐based guidelines.
Co‐immunization with L‐Myc enhances CD8+ or CD103+ DCs mediated tumor‐specific multi‐functional CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Chai Dafei , Zhang Zichun , Jiang Nan , Ding Jiage , Qiu Dong , Shi Shang Yuchen , Wang Gang , Fang Lin , Li Huizhong , Tian Hui , Yang Jie , Zhang Qing , Zheng Junnian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRenal carcinoma shows a high risk of invasion and metastasis without effective treatment. Herein, we developed a chitosan (CS) nanoparticle‐mediated DNA vaccine containing an activated factor L‐Myc and a tumor‐specific antigen CAIX for renal carcinoma treatment. The subcutaneous tumor models were intramuscularly immunized with CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX or control vaccine, respectively. Compared with single immunization group, the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX co‐immunization group. The increased proportion and mature of CD11c+ DCs, CD8+CD11c+ DCs and CD103+CD11c+ DCs were observed in the splenocytes from CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX co‐immunized mice. Furthermore, the enhanced antigen‐specific CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, and multi‐functional CD8+ T cell induction were detected in CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX co‐immunization group compared with CS‐pCAIX immunization group. Of note, the depletion of CD8 T cells resulted in the reduction of CD8+ T cells or CD8+CD11c+ DCs and the loss of anti‐tumor efficacy induced by CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX vaccine, suggesting the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine was required for CD8+ DCs and CD103+ DCs mediated CD8+ T cells responses. Likewise, CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX co‐immunization also significantly inhibited the lung metastasis of renal carcinoma models accompanied with the increased induction of multi‐functional CD8+ T cell responses. Therefore, these results indicated that CS‐pL‐Myc/pCAIX vaccine could effectively induce CD8+ DCs and CD103+ DCs mediated tumor‐specific multi‐functional CD8+ T cell responses and exert the anti‐tumor efficacy. This vaccine strategy offers a potential and promising approach for solid or metastatic tumor treatment.
Exploring the use of Halliwick aquatic therapy in the rehabilitation of children with disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Rohn Stephanie , Novak Pavlic Monika , Rosenbaum Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionHalliwick aquatic therapy is a rehabilitation intervention that is gaining popularity for people with disabilities. This scoping review provides an overview on the state of research about the impact of Halliwick aquatic therapy for children with disabilities.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched to obtain research on the use of the Halliwick method for paediatric rehabilitation: Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO. Potential citations were first screened by title and abstract, and full texts were then examined on the second round of screening. We analyzed the demographic details of their study population, how therapy was implemented (e.g., lesson frequency or structure), and what measurements were used, with measured variables mapped onto the domains of the framework for health of the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).ResultsTwenty‐four publications met the inclusion criteria for this review. The majority of research included children with cerebral palsy (n = 12) or autism spectrum disorder (n = 8), with very few studies including other disabilities (n = 5). There was a wide variation in the number of lessons per study and how each lesson was structured. Fourteen studies lacked a control group. Looking at ICF domains, all 24 articles measured variables pertaining to body structure and functions, four looked for changes in performance of daily activities, four into ability to participate in social roles, and seven into changes in personal factors.ConclusionThere is no consensus on how the Halliwick method should be structured for participants, leaving a gap for future research on programme implementation. To shift our viewpoint beyond what a disability prevents to what one's level of health and functioning allows, it is important to broaden the scope of research into the other ICF domains.
The 2018 adult heart allocation policy change benefits low‐volume transplant centers
Authors: Kim Samuel T. , Tran Zachary , Xia Yu , Hadaya Joseph , Williamson Catherine G. , Gandjian Matthew , Choi Chun Woo , Benharash Peyman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of the 2018 adult heart allocation policy change at an institution‐level remains unclear. The present study assessed the impact of the policy change by transplant center volume.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for all adults undergoing isolated heart transplantation from November 2016 to September 2020. Era 1 was defined as the period before the policy change and Era 2 afterwards. Hospitals were divided into low‐(LVC) medium‐(MVC) and high‐volume (HVC) tertiles based on annual transplant center volume. Competing‐risks regressions were used to determine changes in waitlist death/deterioration, while post‐transplant mortality was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards models.ResultsA total of 3531 (47.0%) patients underwent heart transplantation in Era 1 and 3988 (53.0%) in Era 2. At LVC, Era 2 patients were less likely to experience death/deterioration on the waitlist (subhazard ratio .74, 95% CI .63–.88), while MVC and HVC patients experienced similar waitlist death/deterioration across eras. After adjustment, transplantation in Era 2 was associated with worse 1‐year mortality at MVC (hazard ratio, HR, 1.42 95% CI 1.02–1.96) and HVC (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.98) but not at LVC.ConclusionEarly analysis shows that LVC may be benefitting under the new allocation scheme.
Visuospatial dysfunction is associated with posterior distribution of white matter damage in non‐demented cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Su Ya , Fu Jiayu , Zhang Yanrong , Xu Jiajie , Dong Qiang , Cheng Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a well‐recognized contributor to cognitive decline in the elderly. The posterior cortical predilection of CAA pathology would cause visuospatial dysfunction, which is still underexplored. We aimed to investigate whether the visuospatial dysfunction in CAA is associated with the posterior distribution of small vessel disease (SVD) imaging markers.MethodsWe recruited 60 non‐demented CAA cases from a Chinese prospective cohort and 30 cases with non‐CAA SVD as controls. We used the Visual Object and Space Perception (VOSP) battery to evaluate visuospatial abilities, and multivariable regression models to assess their associations with SVD imaging markers.ResultsThere was visuospatial dysfunction, especially visual object perception impairment, in CAA compared to controls (Z‐score of VOSP: −0.11 ± 0.66 vs. 0.22 ± 0.54, p = 0.023). The VOSP score in CAA was independently related to the fronto‐occipital gradient of white matter hyperintensity volumes (coefficient = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003–0.05, p = 0.030) and mean fractional anisotropy values on diffusion tensor imaging (coefficient = 4.72, 95% CI = 0.97–8.48, p = 0.015), but not the severity of global SVD imaging markers or the gradient of lobar cerebral microbleeds with adjustments for age and global cognition score.ConclusionsThis finding suggests that the damage of posterior white matter rather than global disease severity may be a major contributor to visuospatial dysfunction in CAA.
Predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 coronavirus disease 2019 patients with olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Saussez Sven , Sharma Shilpee , Thiriard Anaïs , Olislagers Véronique , Vu Duc Inès , Le Bon Serge‐D. , Khalife Mohamad , Hans Stephane , De Riu Giacomo , Hopkins Claire , Lechien Jerome R. , Vaira Luigi A. , Marchant Arnaud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to evaluate potential predictive factors of smell recovery in a clinical series of 288 patients presenting olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Potential correlations were sought between epidemiological, clinical and immunological characteristics of patients and the persistence of OD at 60 days.MethodsCOVID‐19 positive patients presenting OD were prospectively recruited from three European hospitals. Baseline clinical and olfactory evaluations were performed within the first 2 weeks after OD onset and repeated at 30 and 60 days. In a subgroup of patients, anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies were measured in serum, saliva and nasal secretions at 60 days.ResultsA total of 288 COVID‐19 patients with OD were included in the study. Two weeks after the onset of the loss of smell, 52.4% of patients had OD on psychophysical tests, including 113 cases (39.2%) of anosmia and 38 cases (13.2%) of hyposmia. At 60‐day follow‐up, 25.4% of the patients presented persistent OD. There was no significant correlation between sex, age, viral load on nasopharyngeal swab or COVID‐19 severity and poor olfactory outcome. In a subgroup of 63 patients, it was demonstrated that patients with poor olfactory outcomes at 60 days had lower levels of salivary and nasal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1, but similar levels of antibodies in the serum.ConclusionsNo clinical markers predicted the evolution of OD at 60 days. Patients with poor olfactory outcome at 60 days had lower saliva and nasal antibodies, suggesting a role for local immune responses in the persistence of COVID‐19 related OD.
Neonatal presentation of genetic epilepsies: Early differentiation from acute provoked seizures
Authors: Cornet Marie‐Coralie , Morabito Valeria , Lederer Damien , Glass Hannah C. , Ferrao Santos Susana , Numis Adam L. , Ferriero Donna M. , Sands Tristan T. , Cilio Maria Roberta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough most seizures in neonates are due to acute brain injury, some represent the first sign of neonatal onset genetic epilepsies. Delay in recognition and lack of expert assessment of neonates with epilepsy may result in worse developmental outcomes. As in older children and adults, seizure semiology in neonates is an essential determinant in diagnosis. We aimed to establish whether seizure type at presentation in neonates can suggest a genetic etiology.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of seizures in neonates admitted in two Level IV neonatal intensive care units, diagnosed with genetic epilepsy, for whom a video‐EEG recording at presentation was available for review, and compared them on a 1:2 ratio with neonates with seizures due to stroke or hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.ResultsTwenty neonates with genetic epilepsy were identified and compared to 40 neonates with acute provoked seizures. Genetic epilepsies were associated with pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 (n = 12), KCNQ3 (n = 2), SCN2A (n = 2), KCNT1 (n = 1), PRRT2 (n = 1), and BRAT1 (n = 2). All neonates with genetic epilepsy had seizures with clinical correlates that were either tonic (18/20) or myoclonic (2/20). In contrast, 17 of 40 (42%) neonates with acute provoked seizures had electrographic only seizures, and the majority of the remainder had clonic seizures. Time to first seizure was longer in neonates with genetic epilepsies (median = 60 h of life) compared to neonates with acute provoked seizures (median = 15 h of life, p < .001). Sodium channel‐blocking antiseizure medications were effective in 13 of 14 (92%) neonates with tonic seizures who were trialed at onset or during the course of the epilepsy.SignificanceSeizure semiology is an easily accessible sign of genetic epilepsies in neonates. Early identification of the seizure type can prompt appropriate workup and treatment. Tonic seizures are associated with channelopathies and are often controlled by sodium channel‐blocking antiseizure medications.