bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open‐Source Anaerobic Digestion Modeling Platform, Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 Fast (ADM1F)
Authors: Zhu Kuang , Zhang Wenjuan , Jafarov Elchin , Karra Satish , Solander Kurt , Demirtas Meltem Urgun , Raskin Lutgarde , Skerlos Steven 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAn open‐source modeling platform, called Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 Fast (ADM1F), is introduced to achieve fast and numerically stable simulations of anaerobic digestion processes. ADM1F is compatible with an iPython interface to facilitate model configuration, simulation, data analysis, and visualization. Faster simulations and more stable results are accomplished by implementing an advanced open‐source library of numerical methods called Portable Extensive Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) to solve the ADM1 system of equations. Leveraging PETSc, ADM1F can consistently complete a steady‐state simulation under 0.2 s, over 99% faster than a benchmark ADM1 model implemented with MATLAB while achieving agreement of model outputs within 1% of those obtained with the benchmark model. For dynamic simulations, however, ADM1F has a computational speed advantage only when the influent characteristics update more frequently than every 4 h. The ability of ADM1F to be useful as a tool to study anaerobic digestion systems is demonstrated through two example implementations of ADM1F: (1) a two‐phase co‐digestion scenario evaluating the impact of the organic loading rate and the substrate composition on reactor performance and stability, and (2) a conventional digester scenario assessing the effectiveness of recovery strategies after disruptions that led to instability. These examples demonstrate how the high simulation speed and the convenience of the iPython interface allow ADM1F to complete complex analyses within minutes, much faster than computational strategies currently reported in the literature.
Integration of online and offline teaching mode in biochemistry and molecular biology courses
Authors: Yang Liucai , Yang Ya , Zhu Yingling , Zhang Hu , Teng Feixiang , Cheng Xiumei , Shen Xuan , Luo Yougen , Qu Xuebin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo enhance the effectiveness of integrating online and offline teaching, 1545 clinical and preventive medicine students from 2019 to 2021 were randomly allocated to two groups, A and B. The curriculum was divided into two segments. Initially, two groups were established for the first segment, covering an introduction to Biomolecular and Material Metabolism. The group A adopted a teaching strategy incorporating “massive open online course + a Social Media platform (WeChat) + Project/Problem‐Based Learning + Flipped classroom”, integrating online and offline methods. The group B followed conventional teaching practices. In the second course segment, which included molecular biology and clinical biochemistry, the two groups had their instructional format switched. Comparative analysis of student satisfaction, learning attitudes, and academic performance between the groups was conducted. The satisfaction survey indicated that the group which adopted the online and offline mode outperformed the conventional teaching group in satisfaction rate, satisfaction scores, excellence rate, and total scores. While both groups exhibited an improvement in learning attitudes, the teaching reform group showed a significantly higher level of enhancement. Furthermore, the reform group achieved superior overall average scores, basic average scores, comprehensive average scores, and an increased rate of excellence compared to the conventional group. The results demonstrate that adopting a blended teaching model significantly improved instructional quality and positively influenced students' engagement and attitudes in biochemistry and molecular biology studies.
Prognostic Value of N1/N2 Neutrophils Heterogeneity and Tertiary Lymphoid Structure in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Lang Yanfei , Fu Weiwei , Xu Wei , Ma Chao , Tian Xiuyun , Hao Chunyi , Ding Shigang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe tumor immune microenvironment, including neutrophils and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), is pivotal for HCC prognosis assessment. Tumor‐associated neutrophils exhibit plasticity, adopting either an antitumorigenic N1 (MPO+ CD206−) or a pro‐tumorigenic N2 (MPO+ CD206+) phenotype. We explored the prognostic value of neutrophil plasticity and TLS maturity in HCC in both tumor and peritumoral tissues and addressed their interaction.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 79 HCC patients who underwent radical resection from 2015 to 2018 was analyzed, with complete clinical characteristics and survival data of more than 5 years. Multiplex immunohistochemistry identified N1/N2 neutrophils and TLS maturity. Survival differences and correlations with clinical features were assessed.ResultsHCC patients were divided into high‐ and low‐level groups on the basis of the N1 and N2 classifications of neutrophils, revealing a positive correlation with prognosis in tumor tissues and a negative one in peritumoral tissues. TLS maturity stages were associated with prognosis, with a higher proportion of secondary TLS (SFL‐TLS) in peritumoral tissues correlating positively with survival. Further analysis of the correlation between neutrophils and TLSs revealed that most neutrophils infiltrated outside of the TLS in the peritumoral tissues of patients with HCC, and the proportions of SFL‐TLSs and N1 cells in the peritumoral tissue were negatively correlated and positively correlated with survival. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the N1/N2 ratio in peritumoral tissues was an independent prognostic predictor of HCC.ConclusionsThe N1/N2 ratio of neutrophils and the proportion of SFL‐TLS are considered important prognostic indicators that may reflect the immune microenvironment of HCC patients.
Predictive Ability of the Academic Research Consortium High Bleeding Risk Criteria in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention According to Body Mass Index
Authors: Gao Michael , Spirito Alessandro , Sartori Samantha , Vogel Birgit , Gitto Mauro , Oliva Angelo , Smith Kenneth F. , Sweeny Joseph , Krishnan Prakash , Moreno Pedro , Krishnamoorthy Parasuram Melarcode , Kini Annapoorna , Dangas George , Sharma Samin K. , Mehran Roxana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhether the high bleeding risk (HBR) criteria of the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) have a consistent predictive ability across different categories of body mass index (BMI) remains unclear.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2012 and 2019 at Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, USA) were stratified into five BMI categories (18.5–24.9 kg/m2 [normoweight], 25–29.9 kg/m2 [overweight], 30–34.9 kg/m2 [Class I obesity], 35–39.9 kg/m2 [Class II obesity], and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 [Class III obesity]) and by HBR status. The primary outcome was major bleeding at 1 year after PCI.ResultsAmong 16,123 patients, normoweight, overweight, class I, class II, and class III obesity were found in 23.7%, 41%, 24.5%, 9.3%, 4.8% of patients, respectively. Fulfillment of the ARC‐HBR criteria ranged between 34.4% and 48.5% across these BMI categories. One‐year rates of major bleeding was 6% in normoweight patients (reference), 4.1% in overweight (adj.HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.88), 3.5% in class I (adj.HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49–0.77), 4.2% in class II (adj.HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.96), and 4.9% in class III (adj.HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.58–1.18) obesity. Consistently across the 5 BMI categories, the fulfillment of ARC‐HBR criteria was related with > 4% rates of major bleeding at 1‐year and with ≥ 2 times risk increase of major bleeding (pint = 0.177).ConclusionsThe presence of the ARC‐HBR criteria predicted a significantly increased risk of major bleeding consistently in each BMI category.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventional Treatment of Left Main Trifurcation Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Lu Yi , Yan Xinyi , Wu Qing Qing , Hu Xiaorong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among complex high‐risk and indicated patients (CHIP). Revascularization is often beneficial for these patients; however, it requires thorough risk stratification and close multidisciplinary collaboration between cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to optimize outcomes. Personalized treatment plans, including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), are crucial in this context. In this report, we present a case of a 70‐year‐old man with left main trunk bifurcation lesions, referred to as a “Four Forks Lesion,” who was successfully revascularized using a PCI strategy, resulting in a favorable prognosis.
Auto‐White Balance Algorithm of Skin Color Based on Asymmetric Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Zhou Sicong , Li Hesong , Sun Wenjun , Zhou Fanyi , Xiao Kaida 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSkin color constancy under nonuniform correlated color temperatures (CCT) and multiple light sources has always been a hot issue in color science. A more high‐quality skin color reproduction method has broad application prospects in camera photography, face recognition, and other fields. The processing process from the 14bit or 16bit RAW pictures taken by the camera to the final output of 8bit JPG pictures is called the image processing pipeline, in which the steps of the auto‐white balance algorithm have a decisive impact on the skin color reproduction result. The traditional automatic white balance algorithm is based on hypothetical statistics. Moreover, the estimated illuminant color is obtained through illuminant estimation. However, the traditional grayscale world, perfect reflector, and other auto‐white balance algorithms perform unsatisfactorily under non‐uniform or complex light sources. The method based on sample statistics proposes a new solution to this problem from another aspect. The deep learning algorithm, especially the generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithm, is very suitable for establishing the mapping between pictures and has an excellent performance in the fields of image reconstruction, image translation, defogging, and coloring. This paper proposes a new solution to this problem. The asymmetric UNet3+ shape generator integrates better global and local information to obtain a more refined correction matrix incorporating details of the whole image. The discriminator is Patch‐discriminator, which focuses more on image details by changing the attention field. The dataset used in this article is the Liverpool‐Leeds Skin‐color Database (LLSD) and some supplementary images, including the skin color of more than 960 subjects under D65 and different light sources. Finally, we calculate the CIEDE2000 color difference and some other image quality index between the test skin color JPEG picture corrected by the auto‐white balance algorithm and the skin color under the corresponding D65 to evaluate the effect of white balance correction. The results show that the asymmetric GAN algorithm proposed in this paper can bring higher quality skin color reproduction results than the traditional auto‐white balance algorithm and existing deep learning WB algorithm.
Highway Crossing Rates of Wild Felids Before, During, and After Wildlife Crossing Structure Installation
Authors: Lehnen Sarah E. , Sternberg Mitch A. , Swarts Hilary M. , Young John H. , Hanley Victoria , Kline Richard J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn an environment increasingly dominated by roads, wildlife crossing structures (WCS) have been installed to decrease wildlife mortality and improve habitat linkages. In South Texas, vehicle collisions have been a major mortality source for the endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). To mitigate threats to this species, eight WCS, along with associated fencing, were strategically placed along Farm‐to‐Market Road 106 (FM106), which passes through ocelot habitat. We assessed the rate of on‐roadway crossings and WCS use by GPS‐collared animals before, during, and after WCS installation using camera traps to verify WCS use. Because of the rarity of ocelots in this region, we supplemented ocelot data with data from bobcats (Lynx rufus), a similarly sized felid with slightly more general habitat preferences. Thirty‐five animals, 30 bobcats, and 5 ocelots were tracked using GPS collars between 2013 and 2021. We observed a decline in the total number of crossings and on‐roadway crossings of FM106 for both ocelots and bobcats over the duration of the study, despite controlling for factors such as an individual animal's proximity to FM106. There were 37 documented crossings using WCS by GPS‐marked bobcats while their collars were active. However, the rate of on‐roadway crossings during the post‐construction period was still higher than the WCS use rate for both species. Animals were more likely to make on‐roadway crossings during nighttime especially during unusually bright nights. While controlling for other factors, both species moved more quickly when making on‐roadway crossings compared to WCS crossings or noncrossing intervals but moved more slowly when traffic levels were higher than expected for that time of day. Animals may take years to acclimate to the presence of WCS, suggesting that the use of these structures may increase over time. Additional fencing could further help limit high‐risk road encounters by ocelots in this region.
Evolutionary Histories of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana
Authors: Abe Harue , Ueno Saneyoshi , Matsuo Ayumi , Hirota Shun K. , Miura Hiroki , Su Mong‐Huai , Shen Yun‐Guang , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Suyama Yoshihisa , Wang Zhong‐Lang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe genus Camellia is widely distributed, primarily in East Asia. Camellia japonica is located at the northern limit of this genus distribution, and understanding changes in its distribution is crucial for understanding the evolution of plants in this region, as well as their relationship with geological history and climate change. Moreover, the classification of sect. Camellia in Japan has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aims to understand the evolutionary history of the Japanese sect. Camellia. The genetic population structure was analysed using SNP data and MIG‐seq. The relationship between the Japanese sect. Camellia, including the related species in China, was further inferred from the phylogeny generated by RA x ML, SplitsTree and PCA. Population genetic structure was inferred using a Bayesian clustering method (ADMIXTURE). We subsequently employed approximate Bayesian computation, which was further supported by the coalescent simulations (DIYABC, fastsimcoal and Bayesian Skyline Plots) to explore the changes in population, determining which events appropriately explain the phylogeographical signature. Ecological niche modelling was combined with genetic analyses to compare current and past distributions. The analyses consistently showed that C. japonica and C. rusticana are distinct, having diverged from each other during the Middle to Late Miocene period. Furthermore, C. japonica differentiated into four major populations (North, South, Ryukyu‐Taiwan and Continent). The Japanese sect. Camellia underwent speciation during archipelago formation, reflecting its ancient evolutionary history compared with other native Japanese plants. C. rusticana did not diverge from C. japonica in snow‐rich environments during the Quaternary period. Our results suggest that both species have been independent since ancient times and that ancestral populations of C. japonica have persisted in northern regions. Furthermore, the C. japonica population on the continent is hypothesised to have experienced a reverse‐colonisation event from southern Japan during the late Pleistocene glaciation.
Component‐level seismic fragility database of suspended piping systems in buildings
Authors: Shang Qingxue , Tang Zhenyun , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNonstructural components (NSCs) contribute about 80%–90% of the construction investment in a modern public building. The post‐earthquake safety and normal operation of NSCs are necessary to achieve performance‐based design and resilient buildings. The piping system is one of the most essential nonstructural systems to preserve the post‐earthquake functionality of public buildings. To accurately evaluate the seismic performance and vulnerability of piping systems in buildings, a component‐level seismic fragility database is urgently to be developed. System composition, failure modes of piping systems, and induced consequences during previous earthquakes are introduced first in this article. Then a concise description of component‐level fragility methodology suggested by the Applied Technology Council is presented. Seismic fragility database of piping components including pipes, piping joints, and seismic braces through quasi‐static tests are developed based on the fragility analysis method. Experimental results from available literature are summarized and presented in the form of seismic fragility curves. Specific hysteretic curves of these components are also presented, which are used for the calibration of numerical models. In addition, the future research directions on the seismic fragility of piping components are summarized and prospected. The developed component‐level seismic fragility database can be used to help understand the seismic performance and post‐earthquake damage states of the piping system. Seismic performance assessment and seismic fragility analysis of modern piping systems can be conducted using the developed database and numerical simulation method.
The two‐ and three‐dimensional response spectra: Orientation‐independent intensity measures more suitable for seismic structural design
Authors: Barragán Ramírez Enrique 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents two physics‐based, orientation‐independent intensity measures that truly captures the three‐dimensional motion of an orthogonal array of accelerometers and are more appropriate for seismic structural design. This is achieved by processing all three components of the record simultaneously, rather than simply combining the results of processing each component in isolation. Compared to other commonly accepted orientation‐independent intensity measures, it was found that horizontal seismic demand may be systematically underestimated by as much as 29% in the worst‐case scenario. In addition, these new measures are much more computationally efficient than the current ones, as they reduce the number of response spectra calculations per seismic record to just 2 or 3, depending on the measure. Thus, the orientation‐independent intensity measures introduced here optimize the processing of seismic records and may help to reduce the uncertainty of the estimation of the seismic acceleration for structural design.
CLN6‐related continuum phenotype caused by aberrant splicing
Authors: Invernizzi Federica , Castellotti Barbara , Reale Chiara , Panteghini Celeste , Colangelo Isabel , Solazzi Roberta , Ragona Francesca , Giordano Lucio , Galli Jessica , Rossi Sebastiano Davide , Marucci Gianluca , Cuccarini Valeria , Didato Giuseppe , Gellera Cinzia , Garavaglia Barbara , Granata Tiziana , Canafoglia Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive cognitive and motor decline, epilepsy, visual impairment, and shortened life‐expectancy. CLN6‐related NCLs include both late‐infantile and adult myoclonic form. We report a 21‐year‐old patient, with mild developmental delay, who developed occipital seizures at 14 years, and subsequently cognitive decline, cortical myoclonus, and photosensitivity at low and higher frequencies. Overall, the picture suited progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Electroretinogram was normal. A skin biopsy revealed a mixed storage of curvilinear and fingerprint profiles. A brain MRI showed severe cortical atrophy. Performing genetic analyses, two biallelic variants were identified in the CLN6 gene, each inherited from one of the healthy parents, one c.722T>C, p.(Met241Thr) already described in the late‐infantile form and the other one c.486+28T>C, intronic and novel, causing aberrant splicing. In the patient, the expression of the allele containing c.722T>C variant was increased, in comparison with the carrier parent. The peculiar genetic pattern observed in the patient could explain a milder clinical picture when compared with late‐infantile form, since CLN6 expression was partially preserved. However, the presence of a delay, and the early cognitive decline suggested a continuum phenotype connecting late‐infantile and adult CLN6‐related forms.Plain Language SummaryWe report a patient with CLN6 disease who developed symptoms at an intermediate age: 9 years for mild intellectual disability and 14 years for occipital seizures and progressive myoclonus epilepsy, without visual impairment. The patient is compound heterozygous for a CLN6 missense variant c.722T>C, p.(Met241Thr) already described in the late‐infantile form and for a novel intronic variant c.486+28T>C, causing aberrant splicing. In the patient, the expression of the allele containing c.722T>C variant was increased, compared with the carrier parent. The splice site variant had a milder effect. The peculiar genetic pattern may explain the continuum phenotype between late‐infantile and adult forms.
Forecasting the Volatility of US Oil and Gas Firms With Machine Learning
Authors: Díaz Juan D. , Hansen Erwin , Cabrera Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTForecasting the realized volatility of oil and gas firms is of interest to investors and practitioners trading on the energy spot and derivative markets. In this paper, we assess whether several machine learning (ML) techniques can offer superior forecasts compared to HAR models for predicting realized volatility at the firm level. Moreover, we investigate whether economically motivated variables and technical indicators contain valuable information for forecasting firm volatility beyond those contained in various volatility factors previously identified in the literature. Our results demonstrate that certain ML techniques provide superior forecasting accuracy compared to the benchmark model. Additionally, we identify variables such as the 1‐month treasury bill and the aggregate VIX index as significant drivers of realized firm volatility in the oil and gas industry.
Speaking Truthfully about Provider‐Assisted Death
Authors: Sams Richard W. , Jaggard Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis letter responds to the essay “Language Matters: The Semantics and Politics of ‘Assisted Dying,’” by Anna M. Elsner, Charlotte E. Frank, Marc Keller, Jordan O. McCullough, and Vanessa Rampton, in the September‐October 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report.