bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency protects against Plasmodium falciparum infection in individuals living in Ghana
Authors: Amoah Linda Eva , Asare Kwame Kumi , Dickson Donu , Abankwa Joana , Busayo Abena , Bredu Dorcas , Annan Sherifa , Asumah George Adu , Peprah Nana Yaw , Asamoah Alexander , Laurencia Malm Keziah 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
The global effort to eradicate malaria requires a drastic measure to terminate relapse from hypnozoites as well as transmission via gametocytes in malaria-endemic areas. Primaquine has been recommended for the treatment of P. falciparum gametocytes and P. vivax hypnozoites, however, its implementation is challenged by the high prevalence of G6PD deficient (G6PDd) genotypes in malaria endemic countries. The objective of this study was to profile G6PDd genotypic variants and correlate them with malaria prevalence in Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of G6PDd genotypic variants was conducted amongst suspected malaria patients attending health care facilities across the entire country. Malaria was diagnosed using microscopy whilst G6PD deficiency was determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms at position 376 and 202 of the G6PD gene. The results were analysed using GraphPad prism.

Results
A total of 6108 subjects were enrolled in the study with females representing 65.59% of the population. The overall prevalence of malaria was 36.31%, with malaria prevalence among G6PDd genotypic variants were 0.07% for A-A- homozygous deficient females, 1.31% and 3.03% for AA- and BA- heterozygous deficient females respectively and 2.03% for A- hemizygous deficient males. The odd ratio (OR) for detecting P. falciparum malaria infection in the A-A- genotypic variant was 0.0784 (95% CI: 0.0265–0.2319, p<0.0001). Also, P. malariae and P. ovale parasites frequently were observed in G6PD B variants relative to G6PD A- variants.

Conclusion
G6PDd genotypic variants, A-A-, AA- and A- protect against P. falciparum, P. ovale and P. malariae infection in Ghana.
The Active Hospital pilot: A qualitative study exploring the implementation of a Trust-wide Sport and Exercise Medicine-led physical activity intervention
Authors: Myers Anna , Quirk Helen , Lowe Anna , Crank Helen , Broom David , Jones Natasha , Reid Hamish , Speers Chris , Copeland Robert 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIn 2017 Public Health England and Sport England commissioned a Consultant-led Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) pilot to test the feasibility and acceptability of embedding physical activity interventions in secondary care clinical pathways. The aim of this paper is to report qualitative findings exploring the experience of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients involved in the Active Hospital pilot.MethodsQualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews with Active Hospital pilot SEM Consultants, and staff and patients involved in three clinical pathways. Interviews with SEM Consultants explored the experience of developing and implementing the pilot. Interviews with staff and patients explored the experience of delivering and receiving Active Hospital interventions. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsInterviews identified the importance of the Active Hospital pilot being Consultant-led for the following reasons; i) having trusting relationships with decision makers, ii) having sufficient influence to effect change, iii) identifying champions within the system, and iv) being adaptable to change and ensuring the programme fits within the wider strategic frameworks. HCPs emphasised the importance of the Active Hospital interventions fitting easily within existing work practices, the need for staff training and to tailor interventions for individual patient needs. The Active Hospital pilot was well received by patients, however a lack of dedicated resource and capacity to deliver the intervention was highlighted as a challenge by both patients and HCPs.ConclusionThe SEM Consultants’ ability to navigate the political climate of a large National Health Service (NHS) Trust with competing agendas and limited resource was valuable. The interventions were well received and a valued addition to usual clinical care. However, implementation and ongoing delivery of the pilot encountered challenges including lack of capacity within the system and delays with recruiting to the delivery teams in each pathway.
Los Mimibrados
Authors: López-Pintor Quesada Aránzazu 
Published: September 2021

El estudio de los invertebrados en Biología es un tema que, a un gran número de alumnos, le resulta arduo por la gran cantidad de información, vocabulario nuevo y la variabilidad de organismos que están involucrados.
Se consideró la gamificación como correcto vehículo para trabajar este contenido y se planteó un juego de mímica que resultara realmente divertido y motivador, desplazando la parte competitiva del juego por la participativa. Se trabajaron los objetivos y estándares evaluables, así como las relaciones personales entre los grupos de la clase y el respeto y ayuda mutua a través del trabajo cooperativo.
El juego se aplicó en primero de ESO en tres grupos diferentes y en dos cursos no consecutivos. En este nivel, los alumnos tienen una edad en la que todavía el juego es una parte importante de sus vidas por lo que la acogida es muy buena.
Los resultados generales fueron muy satisfactorios. Los alumnos se involucraron mucho en la elaboración de los materiales y en el cumplimiento de las reglas de participación y juego. Se observó un efecto llamada en los alumnos habitualmente menos participativos, logrando una participación del 100% en los tres grupos.
Los resultados académicos fueron similares a unidades didácticas de similar dificultad y se comprobaron con evaluaciones posteriores a la práctica del juego. Nos encontramos mejores resultados entre los alumnos que suelen mostrar calificaciones más bajas, con lo cual las medias de la clase fueron ligeramente superiores.
Los objetivos de esta actividad se han visto cumplidos con creces, de manera que se desarrollarán formatos parecidos para otras unidades.
The emotional valence of candidate ratings in televised debates
Authors: König Pascal D. , Waldvogel Thomas , Wagschal Uwe , Becker Bernd , Feiten Linus , Weishaupt Samuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It is well-established that party identity biases the processing of political information and the evaluation of political actors. This is presumed to avoid cognitive dissonance and achieve positive affect. What happens, however, when individuals diverge from this pattern and do make identity-inconsistent evaluations of political actors – how does this translate into positive and negative emotions toward the candidates? The paper addresses this question using large-N data from the main televised debate of the 2017 German national election by combining survey responses with viewer perceptions measured during the debate. The findings suggest that candidate ratings made during the debate have different valence depending on a person’s party identity. Strikingly, a stronger party identity does not mean a reduced impact of identity-inconsistent evaluations on emotional responses toward a candidate. Rather, only evaluations in accordance with one’s party identity, and hence with lower information value, show a reduced effect on emotional responses.
Fold cracking of coated papers: investigation on automated computer-aided visual assessment method
Authors: Pál Magdolna , Dedijer Sandra , László Koltai , Gregor-Svetec Diana , Cigula Tomislav , Pavlović Živko , Milić-Keresteš Neda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, white pixel percentage (WPP) value, as an overall measure of fold crack damages, has been analysed with respect to selected parameters of sample preparation and digitalization process, as well as the results of residual tensile strength. The WPP values were derived by an automated image processing algorithm, developed earlier, based on extensive comparative analysis of the existing computer-aided methods. Results indicate that WPP values correlate well with the extent of fold cracks on the coated samples, as far as the used parameters of sample preparation and digitalization are concerned. In the case of correlation with residual tensile strength, results for samples folded in cross direction revealed that the extent of the visually registered fold cracks agree well with the actual damage, while for samples folded in machine direction, the overall strength losses weren’t alarming, although the fold cracks were detected correctly. In addition, results pointed out that the simplest sample placement position (inner angle of 180°) is not applicable for realistic sample representation. Furthermore, scanners could provide a superior image quality in lab conditions, but for industry application, a camera-based solution would be more purposeful, while micrographs are more suitable for traditional visual analysis.
Tackling Dementia: A Systematic Review of Interventions Based on Physical Activity
Authors: Liu Lu , Dong Hua , Jin Xiaoneng , Brooke-Wavell Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Dementia prevalence is expected to increase dramatically with population aging. As a nonpharmacological therapy, physical activity is an appealing alternative to tackling aging and dementia. However, contradictions were found in previous studies. The aim of this systematic review is to gather the latest evidence of the effects of physical activity interventions on cognition and noncognitive functions of older people with dementia.

Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies. We followed the PRISMA guidelines to identify randomized controlled trials that reported original findings of physical activity interventions on older people with dementia (≥65 years of age). These studies were published in English between January 1, 2009 and November 9, 2019.

Results:
In total, 16 trials with 2085 participants were included in the review. Compared to baseline, cognitive function improved significantly in 2 studies, deteriorated in 3 studies, and remained stable in 11 studies. In the exercise relative to the control group, 5 studies showed no significant differences, 2 studies showed significantly greater deterioration in cognition, and 9 studies showed significantly greater improvement in cognition. However, most studies (n = 13.81%) had notable limitations (eg, with a high risk of bias, limited follow-up time, or unexplained high heterogeneity in their findings). Fourteen studies reported a positive impact on one or more areas of physical function, mobility, activities of daily living, depression levels, and behavioral/psychological symptoms of dementia.

Conclusions:
Physical activity interventions have a positive impact on physical function, mobility, and activities of daily living. However, the available evidence is insufficient to support the conclusion that physical activity improves cognitive function of older people with dementia.
Rotational Medicine Ball Throw Velocity Relates to NCAA Division III College Baseball Player Bat Swing, Batted Baseball, and Pitching Velocity
Authors: Taniyama Daiki , Matsuno Jun , Yoshida Kei , Pyle Brandon , Nyland John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Taniyama, D, Matsuno, J, Yoshida, K, Pyle, B, and Nyland, J. Rotational medicine ball throw velocity relates to NCAA Division III college baseball player bat swing, batted baseball, and pitching velocity. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3414–3419, 2021—Previous studies have evaluated relationships between baseball batting or pitching and whole-body power tests such as rotational medicine ball throw velocity (RMBTV) (transverse plane), lateral-to-medial hop for distance (frontal plane), and two-legged standing broad jump for distance (sagittal plane). However, no previous report has evaluated all 3 whole-body power tests in the same study to determine their relationship to bat swing velocity or pitching velocity. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine correlational relationship strength between bat swing velocity, batted baseball velocity, and throwing velocity with 2-legged standing broad jump for distance, lateral-to-medial jump for distance, and RMBTV whole-body power tests in collegiate baseball players. Thirty-five NCAA Division III players (15 pitchers and 23 hitters; 3 players played pitcher and other positions) participated in this study. An alpha value of p < 0.05 was selected to indicate statistical significance. Moderate relationships were observed between bat swing velocity and RMBTV (r = 0.65, p = 0.003), explaining 39% of the variance, and between pitching velocity and RMBTV (r = 0.62, p = 0.02), explaining 38% of the variance. A moderate correlation was also observed between batted baseball velocity and RMBTV (r = 0.53, p = 0.02), explaining 28% of the variance. Only the RMBTV whole-body power test displayed significant relationships with bat swing velocity, batted baseball velocity, and pitching velocity. Significant relationships were not identified for either the two-legged standing broad jump for distance or the lateral-to-medial jump for distance whole-body power tests and bat swing velocity or pitching velocity. Further studies should evaluate whether the coordination developed during RMBTV movements can decrease baseball shoulder and elbow injuries associated with repetitive, poorly timed, sequential lower extremity–trunk–upper extremity whole-body movements.
Reverse Engineering in Strength and Conditioning: Applications to Agility Training
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Read Paul , Maestroni Luca , Chavda Shyam , Yao Xiang , Papadopoulos Kostas , Virgile Adam , Spiegelhalter Abbie , Bishop Chris 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Typically, a coach may follow a process in which they first identify the key performance indicators of their sport, determine the physical attributes that map back to them, and then distribute the development of those capacities over the allocated timeframe. Furthermore, effective training plans are based on a theoretical or biological basis for how we move and adapt to exercise stimuli, coupled with an understanding of how these are best sequenced, such that one stimulus and subsequent adaptation can potentiate the next. Thus, reverse or backward engineering, when appropriately converged with the plans of those devised around nutrition, conditioning, technical, and tactical training, for example, likely gives athletes the best chance of attaining their performance goals. The aim of this article is to describe the application of reverse engineering, exampling it within the context of developing an athlete who can demonstrate a high level of agility.
Test-Retest Reliability of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition Assessed by Threshold-Tracking and Automated Conventional Techniques
Authors: Nielsen Christina S.-Z. , Samusyte Gintaute , Pugdahl Kirsten , Blicher Jakob U. , Fuglsang-Frederiksen Anders , Cengiz Bülent , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo novel short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) protocols, assessing SICI across a range of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) using either parallel threshold-tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TT-TMS) or automated conventional TMS (cTMS), were recently introduced. However, the test-retest reliability of these protocols has not been investigated, which is important if they are to be introduced in the clinic. SICI was recorded in 18 healthy subjects using TT-TMS (T-SICI) and cTMS (A-SICI). All subjects were examined at four identical sessions, i.e., morning and afternoon sessions on 2 d, 5–7 d apart. Both SICI protocols were performed twice at each session by the same observer. In one of the sessions, another observer performed additional examinations. Neither intraobserver nor interobserver measures of SICI differed significantly between examinations, except for T-SICI at ISI 3 ms (p = 0.00035) and A-SICI at ISI 2.5 ms (p = 0.0103). Intraday reliability was poor-to-good for A-SICI and moderate-to-good for T-SICI. Interday and interobserver reliabilities of T-SICI and A-SICI were moderate-to-good. Although between-subject variation constituted most of the total variation, SICI repeatability in an individual subject was poor. The two SICI protocols showed no considerable systematic bias across sessions and had a comparable test-retest reliability profile. Findings from the present study suggest that both SICI protocols may be reliably and reproducibly employed in research studies, but should be used with caution for individual decision-making in clinical settings. Studies exploring reliability in patient cohorts are warranted to investigate the clinical utility of these two SICI protocols.
Normal Aging Affects the Short-Term Temporal Stability of Implicit, But Not Explicit, Motor Learning following Visuomotor Adaptation
Authors: Bindra Guneet , Brower Rylee , North Ryan , Zhou Weiwei , Joiner Wilsaan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNormal aging is associated with a decline in memory and motor learning ability. However, the exact form of these impairments (e.g., the short-term temporal stability and affected learning mechanisms) is largely unknown. Here, we used a sensorimotor adaptation task to examine changes in the temporal stability of two forms of learning (explicit and implicit) because of normal aging. Healthy young subjects (age range, 19–28 years; 20 individuals) and older human subjects (age range, 63–85 years; 19 individuals) made reaching movements in response to altered visual feedback. On each trial, subjects turned a rotation dial to select an explicit aiming direction. Once selected, the display was removed and subjects moved the cursor from the start position to the target. After initial training with the rotational feedback perturbation, subjects completed a series of probe trials at different delay periods to systematically assess the short-term retention of learning. For both groups, the explicit aiming showed no significant decrease over 1.5 min. However, this was not the case for implicit learning; the decay pattern was markedly different between groups. Older subjects showed a linear decrease of the implicit component of adaptation over time, while young subjects showed an exponential decay over the same period (time constant, 25.61 s). Although older subjects adapted at a similar rate, these results suggest natural aging selectively impacts the short-term (seconds to minutes) temporal stability of implicit motor learning mechanisms. This understanding may provide a means to dissociate natural aging memory impairments from deficits caused by brain disorders that progress with aging.
The characteristics of intestinal flora in overweight pregnant women and the correlation with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Su Yao , Chen Li , Zhang Dong-Yao , Gan Xu-Pei , Cao Yan-Nan , Cheng De-Cui , Liu Wen-Yu , Li Fei-Fei , Xu Xian-Ming , Wang Hong-Kun 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in overweight pregnant women and the correlation with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods
A total of 122 women were enrolled and divided into four groups according to their pre-pregnancy BMI and the presence of GDM: group 1 (n = 71) with a BMI <24 kg/m2, without GDM; group 2 (n = 27) with a BMI <24 kg/m2, with GDM; group 3 (n = 17) with a BMI ≥24 kg/m2, without GDM; and group 4 (n = 7) with a BMI ≥24 kg/m2 with GDM. Feces were collected on the day that the oral glucose tolerance test was conducted. The V3–V4 variable region of 16S rRNA was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, and a bioinformatics analysis was conducted.

Results
There were differences between the four groups in the composition of intestinal flora, and it was significantly different in group 4 than in the other three groups. Firmicutes accounted for 36.4% of the intestinal flora in this group, the lowest among the four groups, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 50.1%, the highest among the four groups, making ratio of these two bacteria approximately 3:5, while in the other three groups, this ratio was reversed. In women with a BMI <24 kg/m2, the insulin resistance index (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) in pregnant women with GDM was higher than in those without (P3 = 0.026).

Conclusion
The composition of the intestinal flora of pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy and suffered from GDM was significantly different than women who were not overweight or did not suffer from GDM.
Sexual Minority Status and Age of Onset of Adolescent Suicide Ideation and Behavior
Authors: Luk Jeremy W. , Goldstein Risë B. , Yu Jing , Haynie Denise L. , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES
To determine if sexual minority adolescents have earlier onset of suicidality and faster progressions from ideation to plan and attempt than heterosexual adolescents.

METHODS
A population-based longitudinal cohort of 1771 adolescents participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study. Participants reported sexual minority status (defined by sexual attraction) in 2010–2011 and retrospectively reported age at onset of suicidality in 2015–2016.

RESULTS
Sexual minority adolescents (5.8% of weighted sample) had higher lifetime risk of suicide ideation (26.1% vs 13.0%), plan (16.6% vs 5.4%), and attempt (12.0% vs 5.4%) than heterosexual adolescents. Survival analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms revealed positive associations of sexual minority status with time to first onset of suicide ideation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.06) and plan (HR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.30–5.56). The association between sexual minority status and age at onset of suicide attempt was stronger at age &lt;15 (HR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.25–8.47) than age ≥15 (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.21–1.66). The association between sexual minority status and progression from ideation to plan was stronger in the same year of first ideation (HR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.07–3.77) than ≥1 year after first ideation (HR = 1.33; 95% CI 0.26–6.77).

CONCLUSIONS
Sexual minority adolescents had earlier onset of suicidality and faster progression from suicide ideation to plan than heterosexual adolescents. The assessment of sexual minority status in routine pediatric care has the potential to inform suicide risk screening, management, and intervention efforts among early sexual minority adolescents.
Gallic acid improves the viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of post-thawed goat buck semen
Authors: İnanç Muhammed Enes , Güngör Şükrü , Gül Emir , Uslu Barış Atalay , Ata Ayhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of gallic acid (GA) on frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa. Four Honamli goat bucks were used at their breeding season, and ejaculates were collected by an electroejaculator. Mixed semen was divided into the following four groups: control (0 mM), low (L; 1 mM), medium (M; 2 mM), and high (H; 4 mM) concentration of GA. All the groups were frozen and thawed in a water bath for spermatological evaluation. The lowest motility was observed in the control group (47.60 ± 5.70%) (P< 0.05), while the highest viability (62.45 ± 1.68%), plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (44.81 ± 4.57%), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (35.96 ± 2.50%) were observed in the low GA group (P< 0.05). Also, the lowest hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS +) value was found in the high GA group (47.60 ± 4.82%) (P< 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing a low concentration (1 mM) of GA to the Tris-based semen extender had a positive effect on spermatological parameters after freeze-thawing of Honamli goat semen. Further studies should be continued in other species with different doses and combinations using commercial and/or homemade semen extenders.