bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Factors Affect Presentation Stage and Survival in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jafari Aria , Shen Sarek A. , Qualliotine Jesse R. , Lehmann Ashton E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Bergmark Regan W. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesSocioeconomic factors affect oncologic outcome in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). However, the relationship between these factors and stage at presentation (SAP)—a critical, early point in the care cycle—is not known. This study sought to determine the role of race/ethnicity, treatment facility type, insurance status/carrier, and other socioeconomic factors in SAP and survival among patients with advanced SNSCC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, 6,155 patients with SNSCC were identified and divided into those with “early” (Stage I or II; 2,212 (35.9%)) versus “advanced” (Stage III or IV; 3,943 (64.1%)) disease. Associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on SAP and survival were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsBlack (odds ratio [OR]: 2.18, CI: 1.74–2.76), Asian and Pacific Islander (API) (OR: 2.37, CI: 1.43–4.14), and Medicaid or uninsured (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.66–2.53) patients were more likely to present with advanced disease. Among patients with advanced disease, API patients demonstrated the highest 10‐year survival rate (30.2%), and Black patients had the lowest 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates (47.7%, 31.9% and 19.2%, respectively). Older age (HR:1.03, CI:1.03–1.04), Black race (HR:1.39, CI:1.21–1.59), Medicaid or uninsured status (HR:1.48, CI:1.27–1.71), and treatment at a community hospital (HR:1.25, CI:1.14–1.37) were associated with poorer overall survival among patients with advanced disease.ConclusionsFactors including race/ethnicity, treatment facility type, insurance status/carrier, and other socioeconomic factors influence SAP and survival in SNSCC. An improved understanding of how these factors relate to outcomes may elucidate opportunities to address gaps in education and access to care in vulnerable populations.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2421–2428, 2021
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Double Vision in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hamedani Ali G. , Maguire Maureen G. , Marras Connie , Willis Allison W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSome patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) report double vision, but its prevalence and determinants are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for diplopia in PD.MethodsUsing data from 26,790 PD patients and 9257 controls in the Fox Insight Study, we compared the prevalence of diplopia using the Non‐Movement Symptom Questionnaire. Associations with age, race, gender, disease duration, and scores on MDS‐UPDRS part II, and Penn Parkinson's Daily Activity Questionnaire were assessed with generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe point prevalence of diplopia was higher in PD (18.1%) than controls (6.3%, P < 0.001) at baseline, and 28.2% of all PD patients reported diplopia at least once during the study (period prevalence). PD patients with diplopia were more likely to be older, non‐white, have greater disease duration, and report greater motor, non‐motor, and daily activity limitations.ConclusionsDiplopia is common and associates with motor and non‐motor severity in PD.
Genetic causes of preimplantation embryo developmental failure
Authors: Paonessa Mariagrazia , Borini Andrea , Coticchio Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmbryo development requires orchestrated events, finely regulated at the molecular and cellular level by mechanisms which are progressively emerging from animal studies. With progress in genetic technologies—such as genome editing and single‐cell RNA analysis—we can now assess embryo gene expression with increased precision and gain new insights into complex processes until recently difficult to explore. Multiple genes and regulative pathways have been identified for each developmental stage. We have learned that embryos with undisturbed and timely gene expression have higher chances of successful development. For example, selected genes are highly expressed during the first stages, being involved in cell adhesion, cell cycle, and regulation of transcription; other genes are instead crucial for lineage specification and therefore expressed at later stages. Due to ethical constraints, studies on human embryos remain scarce, mainly descriptive, and unable to provide functional evidence. This highlights the importance of animal studies as basic knowledge to test and appraise in a clinical context. In this review, we report on preimplantation development with a focus on genes whose impairment leads to developmental arrest. Preconceptional genetic screening could identify loss‐of‐function mutations of these genes; thereby, novel biomarkers of embryo quality could be adopted to improve diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
Proposed Standard Weight (Ws) Equations for Arctic Grayling
Authors: Gilham Andrew T. , Brown Michael L. , Jordan George R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Relative weight (Wr) is an index that is commonly used by fisheries managers to evaluate the condition within and among fish populations. Managers also use Wr comparisons to assess condition dynamics among species. Rather than using population-level mean Wr for comparisons, standard length categories are frequently used to evaluate mean Wr differences among length categories. To establish Wr values for a species, a species-specific standard weight (Ws) equation is required. Regression-line-percentile (RLP) and empirical-percentile (EmP) methods were used with length–weight data that were collected from 50 Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus populations in the United States and Canada. The RLP method yielded a Ws equation of log10Ws(g) = −5.241 + 3.083 log10TL(mm) and the EmP method of log10Ws(g) = −5.279 + 3.096 log10TL(mm). These equations were developed to calculate relative weights (Wr) for fish measuring 150 mm total length (TL) and greater. Subsequent analysis did not reveal significant systematic length-related bias in the application of either Ws equation. Furthermore, differences in Ws calculations between the methods were at most 2.2% over the lengths that we observed. Our findings highlight the relative importance of using a robust data set when calculating Ws equations over the method used to calculate Ws. We suggest that both equations are valid and managers should report which Ws equation was used.
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for pelvic floor muscle assessment
Authors: Frawley Helena , Shelly Beth , Morin Melanie , Bernard Stéphanie , Bø Kari , Digesu Giuseppe Alessandro , Dickinson Tamara , Goonewardene Sanchia , McClurg Doreen , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Schizas Alexis , Slieker‐ten Hove Marijke , Takahashi Satoru , Voelkl Guevara Jenniffer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe terminology for female and male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment has expanded considerably since the first PFM function and dysfunction standardization of terminology document in 2005. New terms have entered assessment reports, and new investigations to measure PFM function and dysfunction have been developed. An update of this terminology was required to comprehensively document the terms and their definitions, and to describe the assessment method and interpretation of the finding, to standardize assessment procedures and aid diagnostic decision making.MethodsThis report combines the input of members of the Standardisation Committee of the International Continence Society (ICS) Working Group 16, with contributions from recognized experts in the field and external referees. A logical, sequential, clinically directed assessment framework was created against which the assessment process was mapped. Within categories and subclassifications, each term was assigned a numeric coding. A transparent process of 12 rounds of full working group and external review was undertaken to exhaustively examine each definition, plus additional extensive internal development, with decision making by collective opinion (consensus).ResultsA Terminology Report for the symptoms, signs, investigations, and diagnoses associated with PFM function and dysfunction, encompassing 185 separate definitions/descriptors, has been developed. It is clinically based with the most common assessment processes defined. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by clinicians and researchers of different disciplines.ConclusionA consensus‐based Terminology Report for assessment of PFM function and dysfunction has been produced to aid clinical practice and be a stimulus for research.
Denial of service detection using dynamic time warping
Authors: Diab Diab M. , AsSadhan Basil , Binsalleeh Hamad , Lambotharan Sangarapillai , Kyriakopoulos Konstantinos G. , Ghafir Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWith the rapid growth of security threats in computer networks, the need for developing efficient security‐warning systems is substantially increasing. Distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) and DoS attacks are still among the most effective and dreadful attacks that require robust detection. In this work, we propose a new method to detect TCP DoS/DDoS attacks. Since analyzing network traffic is a promising approach, our proposed method utilizes network traffic by decomposing the TCP traffic into control and data planes and exploiting the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm for aligning these two planes with respect to the minimum Euclidean distance. By demonstrating that the distance between the control and data planes is considerably small for benign traffic, we exploit this characteristic for detecting attacks as outliers. An adaptive thresholding scheme is implemented by adjusting the value of the threshold in accordance with the local statistics of the median absolute deviation (MAD) of the distances between the two planes. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for detecting DoS/DDoS attacks by analyzing traffic data obtained from publicly available datasets.
A ternary phase‐field model for wetting of soft elastic structures
Authors: Aland Sebastian , Auerbach Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoft wetting, that is, the interaction of liquid–fluid interfaces with deformable elastic structures, provides a rich variety of physical phenomena (stick‐slip motion, durotaxis, Shuttleworth effect, etc.) which are not yet understood. We propose a novel phase‐field approach to study such problems. The method uses two phase‐fields to describe the three domains (solid, liquid, ambient fluid) by the ternary Navier–Stokes Cahn–Hilliard equations. We use a recent phase‐field approach for fluid‐structure interaction to equip one phase with elastic properties. The resulting method is significantly simpler than all previous approaches for soft wetting, since no grids are used to represent the geometries. Accordingly, the method avoids grid‐based computation of interface curvature, mappings between different grids, complicated mesh generation, and retriangulation, while the elastic object can move freely through the computational domain. As a special feature, the elastic structure is for the first time represented as a neo‐Hookean Kelvin–Voigt–Maxwell material which makes it very versatile. The accuracy of the method is shown in a benchmark simulation of a droplet on an elastic substrate. The geometrical flexibility is illustrated by simulating a rotating solid object within a fluidic interface. Finally, we provide the first 3D simulations of soft wetting including solid surface tensions.
The role of electromagnetic induction in development planning: the case of the Grands Philambins enigma
Authors: Muller Frank , Dabas Michel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTSpatial planning aims at constantly improving the distribution of people and activities within available space, especially near cities on ancient agricultural or industrial areas. However, a proper schedule of the development work necessitates the assessment, as precisely as possible, of the difficulties that would be encountered in terms of geotechnical abilities of the terrain and hazards resulting from previous use. In the Grands Philambins site, three different geophysical techniques were combined: multi‐depth resistivity; magnetic gradiometry; and electromagnetic induction. The aim of this study was to map, in a few days and with high measurement densities, all the electromagnetic properties of the terrain and to evidence metallic features. The acquired data were compared with prior documentation, mainly the aerial photos acquired since the middle of the 20th century. The terrain structure is complex, at the junction of geological formations composed of limestones and marls in different proportions, which were characterized by the geophysical survey. It also exhibits metallic features, among which an enigmatic 70 m diameter radially striped disc object, which was identified as non‐ferrous and corresponding to an ancient antenna earthed socket. This case study illustrates the relevance of the use of electromagnetic induction measurements in land planning studies as this method can map three independent underground properties and identify metallic features.
Prevalence and Tolerance of Prognostic Uncertainty Among Thoracic Oncologists
Authors: Habib Anand R. , Chen Richard , Magnavita Emily S. , Jaung Tim , Awad Mark M. , Odejide Oreofe , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We undertook a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of thoracic oncologists from the American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical directory to characterize whether prognostic uncertainty has increased and if tolerance of uncertainty is associated with prognostic discussion practices. We also assessed the Physicians’ Reactions to Uncertainty Scale and presented a vignette about an incurable patient with uncertain life expectancy. One hundred and ninety-two of 438 surveys (43.8%) were received. Of the respondents, 52.1% agreed “there is more prognostic uncertainty in the management of lung cancer now than 10 years ago,” and 37.4% noted difficulty “staying up-to-date.” In multivariable analyses, physician-reported anxiety about uncertainty (p = .05) and reluctance to disclose uncertainty (p = .04) were inversely associated with reporting having prognostic discussions with most patients. For the vignette, 92.1% reported they would discuss incurability, but only 76.3% said they would discuss the patient's life expectancy. Our data suggest prognostic uncertainty has increased in thoracic oncology and oncologists’ tolerance of uncertainty may affect discussion practices.
How we approach the diagnosis and management of complex lymphatic anomalies
Authors: Ricci Kiersten W. , Iacobas Ionela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplex lymphatic anomalies (CLA) are congenital diseases of the lymphatic circulation system that are associated with significant morbidity and early mortality. While guidelines for the comprehensive evaluation of the CLA were recently published, the diagnostic approach and medical management are not standardized. This article presents the clinical features of four CLA: Gorham–Stout disease, generalized lymphatic anomaly, kaposiform lymphangiomatosis, and central collecting lymphatic anomaly. We also offer three cases from the authors’ practice and our views on diagnostic testing and disease management including supportive care, medical therapies, and other interventions.
Association of psychological distress and religious coping tendencies in parents of children recently diagnosed with cancer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dolan J. Gregory , Hill Douglas L. , Faerber Jennifer A. , Palmer Laura E. , Barakat Lamia P. , Feudtner Chris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeParents of children with cancer exhibit high levels of psychological distress. Parents of children with serious illness report religion and spirituality are important coping resources. We sought to describe characteristics of religion, religious coping, social support, and resiliency in parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer and examine associations between psychological distress and self‐reported religious coping, religiosity, resiliency, and social support.Patients and methodsCross‐sectional observational study of 100 parents of 81 unique children recently diagnosed with cancer. Parents provided demographic information and completed measures of psychological distress, importance of religion, religious coping, resiliency, and social support. Patients’ type of tumor and intensity of treatment were collected by medical record abstraction.ResultsCompared to nationally reported data for adults, parents of children with cancer reported high scores for psychological distress but similar levels of religiosity, religious coping, and resiliency. Negative religious coping (feelings of negativity related to the divine) was associated with higher levels of psychological distress. This effect was most prominent in parents who reported the highest levels of religiosity. Positive religious coping, religiosity, and social support were not associated with levels of psychological distress.DiscussionFindings confirm high levels of distress for parents of children with cancer. Negative religious coping was associated with higher levels of psychological distress but positive religious coping, religiosity, and other coping factors were not found to be significantly associated with distress. Further assessment of negative religious coping to inform interventions to promote resiliency is warranted as they may impact parental decision‐making and care.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents: The EXPeRT/PARTNER diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations
Authors: Ben‐Ami Tal , Kontny Udo , Surun Aurore , Brecht Ines B. , Almaraz Ricardo López , Dragomir Monica , Pourtsidis Apostolos , Casanova Michela , Fresneau Brice , Bisogno Gianni , Schneider Dominik T. , Reguerre Yves , Bien Ewa , Stachowicz‐Stencel Teresa , Österlundh Gustaf , Wygoda Marc , Janssens Geert O , Zsiros József , Jehanno Nina , Brisse Herve J , Gandola Lorenza , Christiansen Hans , Claude Line , Ferrari Andrea , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Orbach Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare pediatric tumor. Collaborative studies performed over the last decades showed improved results compared to historical data, but standardized guidelines for diagnosis and management of pediatric NPC are still unavailable. This study presents a European consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric NPC developed by the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT). Main recommendations include induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5‐flurouracil, concomitant chemoradiotherapy in advanced disease, and to consider maintenance treatment with interferon beta (IFN‐β) for selected high‐risk patients. Dose adjustments of radiotherapy based on response to induction chemotherapy may decrease the rates of long‐term treatment‐related complications that affect most of the survivors.
Flame versus air atmospheric gliding arc plasma treatment of polypropylene‐based automotive bumpers: Physicochemical characterization and investigation of coating properties
Authors: Shabanpour Majid , Mohammadhosseini Babak , Khani Mohammad Reza , Khanjani Jaber , Shokri Babak , Ghassami Amirreza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this research, the polypropylene (PP) sheets used for automotive bumper surface were treated using two methods: air atmospheric gliding arc plasma and flame modifications. Atomic force microscopy was applied to study the morphology of surfaces before and after treatment processes. While calculating the surface free energy (SFE), contact angle of the surfaces was measured, and the chemical composition of the PP surface was analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface modifications by gliding arc plasma increased the ratio of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms on the surface by 100%, indicating that polar chemical functionalities form on the surface. The surface morphology was highly affected by gliding arc plasma treatments, which triggered an impact on roughness and etching. It was also found that the SFE was drastically increased by certain modifications. Noticeable improvement was also observed in wettability by the gliding arc plasma technique. In the next stage, polyurethane paints were coated on the treated and untreated PP surfaces. Then, we examined the flame and gliding arc plasma treatments' effect on coating properties of PP bumper, adhesion analysis, water immersion resistance, and sulfuric acid resistance. Finally, high‐pressure carwash test and gloss analysis were conducted on the treated and untreated coated sheets, respectively.
The retrospective bullying experiences questionnaire (RBEQ): Its psychometric properties in Iranian University students
Authors: Noorazar Seyed Gholamreza , Mohebbi Mina , Alizadeh‐Maralani Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExamining the long‐term impact of bullying can facilitate using retrospective bullying experiences questionnaire (RBEQ) which provides information regarding bystander, bully and victim through childhood to adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in Iranian samples. A total of 92 male and 283 female university students participated in this study. Factor structure of the questionnaire was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results of principal components analyses showed that questionnaires' items in the primary, middle and high school parts consisted of three separate factors: bystander, victim and bully. However, bullying sub‐types could not be identified as separate components. Regarding confirmatory factor analyses, the extracted single‐factor models revealed optimal goodness of fit indexes and high loading factor. The results of the criterion validity of the RBEQ with the Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire showed positive significant correlations between all factors of the questionnaires. Reliability of the factors of bystander, victim and bully in three educational levels was also confirmed by internal consistency and split‐half coefficients. The results indicated that the Persian version of the RBEQ has appropriate validity and reliability in Iranian university students.
Scenario of carbon‐encapsulated particle synthesis by spark discharges in liquid hydrocarbons
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Liu Jing‐Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDischarges in liquid hydrocarbons produce submicrometric particles with a graphitic shell. In this study, discharges are generated between two Cu electrodes immersed in various liquid hydrocarbons, and the produced particles are characterized by various techniques. The obtained results indicate that the thickness of the particle shell increases with increasing particle size; for instance, it is ~4 nm for small particles (~25 nm) and ~30 nm for large particles (~1 µm). Such variation in shell thickness is attributed to variations in the thermal properties of different‐size particles. On the basis of qualitative analysis, we assume that shell growth is induced by local pyrolysis (or pyrolysis‐like process) of the liquid hydrocarbon due to the ejection of hot particles from the electrodes.