bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual oxidase‐dependent reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of UGT overexpression‐mediated clothianidin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , Liu Chaoya , Jin Ruoheng , Wang Yue , Cai Tingwei , Ren Zhijie , Ma Kangsheng , He Shun , Lee Kwang S , Jin Byung R , Li Jianhong , Wan Hu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase II metabolic enzymes involved in metabolism of toxins and resistance to insecticides in insect pests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by xenobiotics are important for activation of detoxification pathways. However, relationships between ROS and UGTs involved in toxin metabolism and insecticide resistance remain unclear.RESULTSHere, involvement of dual oxidase (Duox)‐dependent ROS in regulating UGT expression‐mediated insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) was investigated. The overexpression of NlUGT386F2 contributed to the resistance of N. lugens to clothianidin. Furthermore, the ROS inhibitor (N‐acetylcysteine) significantly reduced the expression of NlUGT386F2 and increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin. Silencing the ROS producer Duox significantly increased the susceptibility of N. lugens to clothianidin through the down‐regulation of NlUGT386F2 expression.CONCLUSIONNlDuox‐dependent ROS regulates NlUGT386F2 expression‐mediated clothianidin resistance in brown planthopper. These observations further our understanding of the metabolism of toxins and of insecticide‐resistance in insect pests.
Health costs and benefits associated with economic transitions: Linking records of address change, property value, and self‐reported health
Authors: Moriarty John , Maguire Aideen , Edgar‐Fitzsimons Nicole , McCann Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeprivation is a major risk to population health, in particular when experienced during childhood. Poor health in the early years accumulates and is expressed in adult health inequalities. Policy makers may aim to mitigate against the ill effects of deprivation by trying to increase social mobility and facilitating moves towards better earnings and living conditions or by protecting against the effects of downward moves and the experience of deprivation. This paper uses address change and property value data at the individual and family level to examine whether poor health outcomes occur more frequently among people who move between addresses and particularly those who move to properties with lower property values. We use the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study, linking health and demographic data from 2001 and 2011 Censuses to house valuations for a representative 28% of the population aged 10–64 years (N = 342,681). Young persons (aged 10–15 years) living in a house valued at over £160,000 were half as likely to be reported as having mental ill health as those living in a house valued under £75,000 (OR = 0.49, CI: 0.31–0.78). There was no strong evidence that upward or downward mobility affected mental health or physical health for young people, but ill health of working aged persons showed a strong association with moving to houses of lower value. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the dynamics of social mobility and health and in terms of how various policies towards poverty may influence population health.
Integrative chemogenomic analysis identifies small molecules that partially rescue ΔF508‐CFTR for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hodos Rachel A. , Strub Matthew D. , Ramachandran Shyam , Meleshkevitch Ella A. , Boudko Dmitri Y. , Bridges Robert J. , Dudley Joel T. , McCray Paul B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRare diseases affect 10% of the first‐world population, yet over 95% lack even a single pharmaceutical treatment. In the present age of information, we need ways to leverage our vast data and knowledge to streamline therapeutic development and lessen this gap. Here, we develop and implement an innovative informatic approach to identify therapeutic molecules, using the Connectivity Map and LINCS L1000 databases and disease‐associated transcriptional signatures and pathways. We apply this to cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease in people of northern European ancestry leading to chronic lung disease and reduced lifespan. We selected and tested 120 small molecules in a CF cell line, finding 8 with activity, and confirmed 3 in primary CF airway epithelia. Although chemically diverse, the transcriptional profiles of the hits suggest a common mechanism associated with the unfolded protein response and/or TNFα signaling. This study highlights the power of informatics to help identify new therapies and reveal mechanistic insights while moving beyond target‐centric drug discovery.
Elementary Teachers’ Knowledge of Foundational Literacy Skills: A Critical Piece of the Puzzle in the Science of Reading
Authors: Hudson Alida K. , Moore Karol A. , Han Bing , Wee Koh Poh , Binks-Cantrell Emily , Malatesha Joshi R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTEquipping elementary (i.e., grades K–5) teachers with adequate content and pedagogical knowledge to promote effective reading instruction based on the science of reading is a crucial piece of the reading education puzzle. We reviewed 20 empirical studies to examine the impact of teacher preparation and training programs on elementary teachers’ knowledge of the science of reading, focusing on the foundational pillars of reading instruction, namely, phonological and phonemic awareness, phonics, and morphological awareness, as well as student outcomes in reading. We also identified program characteristics that promoted positive growth in teacher knowledge. Generally, findings support the effectiveness of training and preparation programs in increasing elementary teachers’ knowledge of foundational constructs. Training in which teachers have the opportunity to apply their learned knowledge and skills under expert guidance produced the largest growth in teacher knowledge. Implications of findings are discussed.
Mono‐ and Bimetallic Ni−Co Catalysts in Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Zhang Xuliang , Vajglova Zuzana , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Peurla Markus , Palonen Heikki , Murzin Dmitry Yu. , Tungatarova Svetlana A. , Baizhumanova Tolkyn S. , Aubakirov Yermek A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral bimetallic Ni−Co catalysts supported on θ‐Al2O3 together with 10 wt % Ni and 10 wt % Co on θ‐Al2O3 were prepared via the incipient wetness method, characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed CO2 desorption, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with pyridine adsorption‐desorption and tested in dry methane reforming at 700 °C in a fixed bed reactor. According to XRD the metal oxide crystallite sizes decreased from 20 nm for 10 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3 to 13 nm for 5 wt % Ni‐5 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3, which also showed formation of a mixed oxide alloy. The unit cell parameters for spinel in the fresh catalyst and fcc metal formed during the reaction followed the Vegard's rule. Although monometallic 10 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3 exhibited high hydrogen consumption, desorption temperature was also high resulting in a rather low activity of 10 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3 in comparison to bimetallic 5 wt % Ni‐5 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3. The latter exhibited the highest initial activity for hydrogen formation due to its relatively small metal particle size. This catalyst suffered, however, from extensive coking. The most stable catalyst was 10 wt % Ni/θ‐Al2O3 for which the hydrogen yield decreased form 56 % to 45 % during 100 h time‐on‐stream. For this catalyst no sintering occurred, opposite to 10 wt % Co/θ‐Al2O3.
The effects of board expertise‐risk misalignment and subsequent strategic board reconfiguration on firm performance
Authors: Schnatterly Karen , Calvano Felipe , Berns John P. , Deng Chaoqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryBoards are unlikely to be effective if they do not have sufficient collective expertise to understand, monitor, and address future risks. This begs the question, does the board, in fact, have this expertise? If not, can they reconfigure their expertise to address those risks? Building on agency theory, we analyze the alignment between the board's expertise and the firm's future risks, with the expectation that board composition will change over time to reflect the firm's future risks—strategic reconfiguration. Our results show that misalignment has negative implications for firm performance, misalignment also motivates appropriate board reconfiguration, and that this reconfiguration positively effects firm performance.Managerial SummaryOur study illustrates the need for board expertise to be aligned with firm risks. While there has been increasing pressure for firms to assess their directors' expertise (i.e., skill matrices), simply identifying expertise which is present or absent does not speak to whether that expertise is actually needed (or not) by the firm given the risks faced. We analyze boards' collective expertise, compare that with the risks that firms are facing, and identify the gaps which may detrimentally impact the monitoring ability of the board and cause firm performance to suffer. Consequently, understanding the degree of (mis)alignment is of paramount importance for boards to be effective monitors and positively influence firm performance.
Lessons from a Decade of Research on Multifaceted Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Manyak Patrick C. , Manyak Ann‐Margaret , Kappus Ellen M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe authors look back on their participation in three successful multiyear research studies focused on multifaceted vocabulary instruction and distill four overarching lessons that provide practical guidance to schools and teachers interested in implementing effective comprehensive vocabulary instruction. Specifically, they elaborate on the value of instruction that addresses quality, quantity, and strategy dimensions of vocabulary learning; teaching many types of high‐value words; employing versatile instructional strategies such as using visual images and creating vocabulary collections; and seizing opportunities to foster students’ word consciousness. The authors also describe and illustrate a number of practical activities that teachers can employ to enhance their students’ word learning.
Efficacy of high‐intensity interval training compared with moderate‐intensity continuous training on maximal aerobic potency in dogs: Trial protocol for a randomised controlled clinical study
Authors: Orozco Sonia C. , Arias María P. , Carvajal Pablo A. , Gallo‐Villegas Jaime , Olivera‐Angel Martha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is a more efficient method to improve exercise capacity than moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) because of its greater physiological stimulus.ObjectiveThe aim of this protocol is to evaluate the efficacy of HIIT on maximal aerobic potency in dogs as compared to MICT.MethodsThis protocol is for a randomised, blinded controlled clinical trial, with three parallel groups for the purpose of demonstrating superiority. Thirty dogs aged between 12 and 84 months of both sexes and different breeds will be included. Dogs, before initiating and after finalising the training will perform an incremental exercise test on a treadmill to obtain maximal speed and lactate threshold; resting parameters of heart and respiratory rate, left ventricle chamber and systolic function will be measured. Dogs assigned to each intervention will endure a 42‐min session of HIIT or MICT during 12 weeks. HIIT comprises four intervals of 4 min each at a load of 85%, alternating with a 4‐min resting period. MICT group will have a continuous load of 60%. The control group will remain in a cage. An intention‐to‐treat statistical analysis will be implemented. Analysis of covariance will be used to estimate the effect of HIIT compared with MICT training on maximal aerobic potency, aerobic resistance, systolic function at rest, left ventricle chamber measurements and indexes, respiratory rate and HR at rest.ConclusionSignificant time and effort are invested into training sports/working dogs, which could benefit from improving physical capacity by means of the HIIT methodology.
Development of a pendulum machine for measuring contact lens friction
Authors: Mabuchi Kiyoshi , Iwashita Hiroko , Sakai Rina , Ujihira Masanobu , Hori Yuichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe lubrication ability of a contact lens is one of its most essential properties because high friction on an eyelid causes discomfort during blinking. Friction measurements allow assessment of lubrication ability. So far, several apparatuses have been developed to measure contact lens friction. However, thus far, ocular physiological conditions including sliding speed and area have been imperfectly realised. Herein, a pendulum‐type friction tester was developed for the assessment of contact lenses under physiological conditions. A high sliding speed of 90 mm/s was achieved thanks to the short oscillation period of the small pendulum. Physiologically, the sliding surface on a contact lens was realised at the fulcrum of the pendulum. The coefficient of friction for the interaction between a contact lens and plastic hemisphere was directly calculated from the decay in potential energy during the free libration of the pendulum. Friction coefficient of a commercially available contact lens in saline solution, 0.1% and 0.3% HA solutions were 0.036, 0.039 and 0.050, respectively. These results were reliable because they ranged within the low levels reported by previous studies. It was shown that the present pendulum machine represents a major advancement in the realisation of physiologically realistic contact lens friction measurement.
Finite‐time synchronization and identification of the Markovian switching delayed network with multiple weights
Authors: Xie Qian , Guo Duo , Wang Tong , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on finite‐time synchronization and parameters identification in the Markovian switching complex delayed network with multiple weights. Considering the control cost required for network synchronization, finite‐time control technique and pinning control strategy are adopted. Based on these methods, when finite‐time synchronization of the network is achieved, the unknown parameters of the system can also be identified in finite time. In addition, in order to solve the problem of the network performance change caused by network topology switching, an Optimal Nodes Selection Control Strategy (ONSCS) is proposed. On the one hand, finite‐time synchronization and identification of the network can be realized faster, on the other hand, it also further reduces the energy consumption and control cost of the network. Finally, two sets of comparative numerical simulations are given to prove the superiority and applicability of the proposed ONSCS.
Fault detection for asynchronous T–S fuzzy networked Markov jump systems with new event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shamrooz , Li Qianmu , Hou Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, an adaptive event‐triggered fault detection problem for the asynchronous Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy networked Markov jump systems is investigated based upon the time‐varying delays. The purpose of designing a fault detection filter is to detect the fault signal under the influence of disturbance with network transmission. In the design process, one essential factor, time‐varying delay in the fuzzy filter with appearing in the residual signal, is taken into consideration. In order to rationally utilise network resources and elaborately avoid unnecessary continuous monitoring, an adaptive event‐triggered scheme is designed to guarantee the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy networked Markov jump systems. Thus it helps to lower the energy consumption of communication while ensuring the performance of the system. Different from the conventional triggering mechanism, in this article, the parameters of the triggering function are based on a new adaptive law which is obtained online rather than a predefined constant. Based on the associated Lyapunov stability theory and appropriate inequality, some sufficient criteria in the form of linear matrix inequalities are obtained to ensure the stability of the resulting error system. Finally, a tunnel diode example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Enhanced three‐dimensional U‐Net with graph‐based refining for segmentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Wang Qiong , Li Zhipeng , Zhao Wanqing , Wu Hao , Xie Fei , Guan Ziyu , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a common mesenchymal tumour that lacks specificity of clinical manifestations. Therefore, preoperative accurate localization and accurate prediction of tumour risk are of important clinical value. At present, the diagnosis of GIST relies mainly on manual annotation of CT by professional doctors, which is inefficient and affected by subjective factors. A GIST segmentation algorithm is proposed based on a convolutional neural network to fuse multi‐scale features. The algorithm is applied to GIST segmentation with an improved 3‐D U‐Net method. Skip connections are introduced between encoders and decoders at different layers to account for the obvious differences in tumour size between different cases, which increases the path of information transmission in the network and solves the problem that U‐Net is too weak to simultaneously extract the features of different scales. In addition, due to the difficulty of tumour labelling and the correlation between small intestine segmentation and GIST segmentation, the model of small intestine segmentation is transferred to the model of GIST segmentation. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves better performance than that of the traditional U‐Net. Finally, the graph neural network is introduced to reduce the repetitive work of doctors in refining the segmentation results.
Adaptive weighting for estimation of the mean of the merged measurement for multi‐target bearing tracking
Authors: Li Quanrui , Qiu Longhao , Qi Bin , Liang Guolong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn multi‐target tracking, sensor with finite resolution generates merged measurements, which means that a group of targets might produce only one measurement, and such phenomenon could lead to degraded tracking performance if it is not considered. The generalised labelled multi‐Bernoulli filter for merged measurement (GLMB‐M) provides a promising solution for such problem. However, the merged measurement likelihood it used was modelled as a Gaussian density with its mean being the uniform weighted mean of the measurements generated by the merging targets. Such uniform weighting strategy might fail if the merged measurements deviate severely from the uniform weighted position due to significant difference of the strengths of the merging targets. To avoid such deviation, an adaptive weighting strategy for estimation of the mean of the merged bearing measurement is proposed, which uses the bearing measurement error to obtain the adaptive weighting factors. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive weighting strategy outperforms the uniform weighting strategy when the strengths of the targets vary greatly, although both strategies provide similar performance when the strengths of the target are equal.
Photonics‐based de‐chirp processor with the capability of processing dual‐band signals
Authors: Liu Jiang , Zhu Dan , Chen Wenjuan , Pan Shilong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA photonics‐based de‐chirp processor with the capability of processing dual‐band linearly frequency‐modulated (LFM) waveforms is proposed and demonstrated. Two de‐chirped signals will be output simultaneously and independently, while no special requirement of the input signals' chirp rates is needed. A proof‐of‐concept experiment is carried out. De‐chirp processing of dual‐band signals (X‐ and Ku‐band) is successfully implemented. The crosstalk suppression ratio of more than 40 dB is achieved with de‐chirped results in the two bands.
On non‐destructive detection of hidden passive radio‐frequency eavesdroppers
Authors: Zhang Q. Y. , Liang M. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the possibility of detecting the presence of hidden radio‐frequency eavesdroppers embedded in modern electronic devices. The detection of such cyber security threats is quite difficult as they intercept wireless signals passively and never transmit them. The proposed detection approach relies on the fact that the impedance of active radio‐frequency components in the eavesdropper circuit depends on their biased voltage, and that scattering characteristics of the eavesdropper can be affected by its internal impedance change. Using the device under test as a reflector, scattering characteristics and channel state information are measured. By comparing channel state information differences for the device under test in different power supply states, the presence of hidden eavesdroppers can be identified. Full‐wave numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a non‐destructive testing approach, the proposed method exhibits a robust and easy way to detect hidden eavesdroppers.
Rigorous design method for distributed‐element bandpass filter with reflectionless response at two ports
Authors: Lee Gyuwon , Lee Jongheun , Lee Boyoung , Lee Juseop 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis letter reports an accurate and rigorous design method for a distributed‐element reflectionless bandpass filter capable of producing a reflectionless response at two ports simultaneously. The design method relies on novel transmission‐line reflectionless filter prototypes. This work presents a stub‐based reflectionless filter prototype and its design formulas in terms of a target transmission response. It also provides a stub‐less coupled‐line reflectionless filter prototype equivalent to the stub‐based prototype in case where stubs are not feasible. A second‐order bandpass filter has been designed and fabricated to verify the design method. Reasonable agreement between the measured performance and the simulated one has been obtained, confirming that the proposed design is valid.
Inscription methods for co‐located fibre Bragg gratings using small spot direct UV writing
Authors: Jantzen S. L. , Smith D. H. , Bannerman R. H. S. , Boyd L. J. , Gates J. C. , Smith P. G. R. , Holmes C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo methods to inscribe co‐located fibre Bragg gratings using the small spot direct UV writing technique are described and compared, namely: superimposed gratings, which are written one over the other at the same spatial location, and superstructured gratings, where a refractive index modulation is digitally designed and all spectral signatures are written in a single step writing process. In this letter, we report a record number of 45 superimposed and 39 superstructured gratings being inscribed with an interference spot of only 14 μm in diameter.