bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan-polylactic acid composites: from seafood waste to advanced functional materials for 3D printing
Authors: Blanzeanu Erika , Marin Minodora , Verziu Marian Nicolae , Dumitru Anca , Vasile Bogdan Stefan , Stavarache Cristina , Cozorici Derniza-Elena , Luque Rafael , Zaharia Catalin , Radu Ionut-Cristian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of functional and sustainable materials for additive manufacturing is a rapidly expanding area of interest. In this context, composite blends of chitosan—including commercial low and medium molecular weight variants, as well as laboratory-extracted chitosan from shrimp head and shell waste—and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared using extrusion molding. Filament characterization was conducted to explore the effects of chitosan molecular weight and content on the filament properties using melt flow index, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of the extruded filaments was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the possibility of incorporating a high ratio of metal into the composite filaments without compromising their printability and structural integrity was investigated. The results indicated that certain compositions of chitosan-PLA composite filaments enable the effective incorporation of nickel, highlighting their potential as innovative catalyst supports. The filaments were 3D printed in a molten state, and the resulting specimens were subsequently examined using micro-CT. This approach seeks to create an innovative material from food waste, offering a sustainable and circular solution for transforming seafood waste into advanced functional materials. The successful integration of shrimp waste-derived chitosan into PLA filaments not only enhances the material properties, but also demonstrates the potential for creating high-value products from bio-waste, contributing to environmental sustainability and advancing the field of eco-friendly additive manufacturing. This work highlights the promising application of composite filaments in various industrial sectors, emphasizing their role in promoting a circular economy.
Influence of MHD flow on forced convection in a saturated porous duct with ohmic heating
Authors: Eswaran Rajapriyanka , Kumar M. S. Jagadeesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the forced convective flow in a horizontally extended parallel-plate channel filled with a sparsely packed, chemically inert porous medium under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects. Utilizing the Forchheimer model to account for both viscous and inertial effects, the problem is formulated as a nonlinear boundary value problem and solved using the Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The key observations indicate that as the Darcy number increases, there is a decrease in flow velocity, eventually transitioning to plug flow at higher values. To investigate thermal characteristics, uniform Ohmic heating is employed, and the temperature distribution is determined using the steady-state thermal energy equation, which excludes axial conduction. The findings demonstrate that both the Darcy number and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects have a substantial impact on the velocity and temperature profiles. The DTM solutions are validated against limiting cases in the literature and demonstrated good agreement. This study enhances the understanding of porous media and the effects of MHD on convective flow and thermal distribution, providing valuable insights for applications involving porous structures and electromagnetic fields.
Occurrence of Rare Lightning Events During Hurricane Nicholas (2021)
Authors: Logan Timothy , Hale Jacob , Butler Sydney , Lawrence Brendan , Gardner Samuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHurricane Nicholas was classified as a Category 1 tropical cyclone (TC) at 0000 UTC on 14 September 2021 and made landfall along the upper Texas Gulf Coast at 0530 UTC with maximum sustained winds of 33 m s−1. Much of the electrical activity during Nicholas was monitored by the Houston Lightning Mapping Array (HLMA) network. Thunderstorm activity developed in the rainband at 1700 UTC on 13 September, diminished by 2030 UTC, and re‐intensified after 2200 UTC. At 2004 UTC (13 September), a curved megaflash (∼220 km) was observed by the HLMA in the stratiform precipitation region of the outer rainband. By 0130 UTC on 14 September 2021, vigorous storm cells developed in the eastern eyewall region and propagated cyclonically to the western eyewall region. At least four “jet‐like” transient luminous events (TLEs) were observed by the HLMA emanating from a storm cell in the western eyewall region between 0230 and 0300 UTC with VHF source points ranging from 30 to 45 km in altitude. Moreover, the TLEs occurred within a region of strong wind shear, upper‐level graupel‐ice crystal collisions (∼15 km), and strong cloud top divergence. Charge analysis of the thunderstorm activity during Nicholas revealed an overall normal dipole structure, while the megaflash and TLE cases exhibited inverted dipole charge structures. Dissipation of the upper‐level screening charge layer resulting from cloud top divergence likely played a role in the observed TLE VHF sources escaping to altitudes exceeding 30 km.
Seasonal Cycle in Sea Level Across the Coastal Zone
Authors: Ponte Rui M. , Schindelegger Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractData from tide gauges and satellite altimeters are used to provide an up‐to‐date assessment of the mean seasonal cycle in sea level () over most of the global coastal ocean. The tide gauge records, where available, depict a seasonal cycle with complex spatial structure along and across continental boundaries, and an annual oscillation dominating over semiannual variability, except in a few regions (e.g., the northwestern Gulf of Mexico). Comparisons between tide gauge and altimeter data reveal substantial root‐mean‐square differences and only slight improvements in agreement when using along‐track data optimized for coastal applications. Quantification of the uncertainty in the altimeter products, inferred from comparing gridded and along‐track estimates, indicate that differences to tide gauges partly reflect short‐scale features of the seasonal cycle in proximity to the coasts. We additionally probe the seasonal budget using satellite gravimetry‐based manometric estimates and steric terms calculated from the World Ocean Atlas 2023. Focusing on global median values, the sum of the estimated steric and manometric harmonics can explain 65% (respectively 40%) of the annual (semiannual) variance in the coastal observations. We identify several regions, for example, the Australian seaboard, where the seasonal budget is not closed and illustrate that such analysis is mainly limited by the coarse spatial resolution of present satellite‐derived mass change products. For most regions with a sufficiently tight budget closure, we find that although the importance of the manometric term generally increases with decreasing water depth, steric contributions are non‐negligible near coastlines, especially at the annual frequency.
Distribution of Interseismic Coupling Along the Maidan Fault in Tianshan Before the 2024 Mw 7.0 Wushi Earthquake
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Xu Caijun , Wen Yangmao , Zhao Xiong , Wang Shuai , Xu Guangyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite historically low seismic activity on the Maidan Fault (MDF), the sudden Mw 7.0 Wushi earthquake in early 2024 underscores the urgent need to assess the seismic risk on this fault. This study utilizes Global Navigation Satellite System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to image the spatial distribution of interseismic coupling before the Wushi event along the MDF. The four asperities we identified indicate a high seismic risk for the MDF, with potential magnitudes of Mw 7.5–7.6, Mw 7.5–7.7, Mw 7.0–7.2, and Mw 6.8–7.0. Specifically, the Maierkaiqi segment has already accumulated seismic moment comparable to previous event. Furthermore, our comparison of the interseismic coupling model with the coseismic rupture of the Wushi earthquake reveals that the shallow compliant zone, creeping patches, and irregular fault geometry collectively constrained the rupture propagation. The consistency between the rupture and high coupling area also suggests that the obtained coupling distribution may represent potential earthquake‐prone zones along the MDF.
Subauroral TEC Enhancement, GNSS Scintillation, and Positioning Error During STEVE
Authors: Chen R. H. , Nishimura Y. , Liao W. , Semeter J. L. , Zettergren M. D. , Donovan E. F. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report the first simultaneous observations of total electron content (TEC), radio signal scintillation, and precise point positioning (PPP) variation associated with Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) emissions during a 26 March 2008 storm‐time substorm. Despite that the mid‐latitude trough TEC decreases during the substorm overall, interestingly, we found an unexpected TEC enhancement (by ∼2 TECU) during STEVE. Enhancement of vertical TEC and phase scintillation was highly localized to STEVE within a thin latitudinal band of 1°. As STEVE shifted equatorward, TEC enhancement was found at and slightly poleward of the optical emission. PPP exhibited enhanced variation across a 3° latitudinal range around STEVE and indicated increased GNSS positioning error. We suggest that TEC enhancement during STEVE creates local TEC structures in the ionosphere that degrade Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals and PPP performance. The TEC enhancement may be created by particle precipitation, Pedersen drift across STEVE, neutral wind, or plasma instability.
NEUVAC: Nonlinear Extreme Ultraviolet Irradiance Model for Aeronomic Calculations
Authors: Brandt Daniel A. , Ridley Aaron J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe need for reliable estimates of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) for operational space weather nowcasting and forecasting has motivated the development of new model of solar irradiance variability in 59 wavelength bins between 1 and 1,750 Å. The model employs a nonlinear parameterization of rebinned daily FISM2 irradiances and is termed NEUVAC: Nonlinear Extreme Ultraviolet Irradiance Model for Aeronomic Calculations. The model is parameterized in terms of F10.7 and 54‐day averaged F10.7 in a backwards‐looking window. The model takes advantage of the high accuracy and resolution of FISM2, and the consistent availability of F10.7 data in order to provide the space weather community with an empirical irradiance model that requires only two inputs, and is applicable for solar EUV forecasting. Additionally, the model is capable of running ensembles and providing estimates of quantified uncertainty for usage by downstream ionosphere‐thermosphere models. The model is evaluated against native FISM2 outputs in the 37 bins used by the EUVAC model, as well as the bins specified by Solomon and Qian. Its accuracy and precision is also compared to that of EUVAC, HEUVAC, and the HFG models.
Impact of urban biodiversity and climate change on children’s health and well being
Authors: Seastedt Hana , Schuetz Jackson , Perkins Alexandra , Gamble Morgan , Sinkkonen Aki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, biodiversity loss has greatly impacted planetary and human health. Children are at additional risk of adverse effects due to unique biological, developmental, and behavioral factors, as well as their longer exposure to an altered planet as a function of their young age. These effects are heightened for children living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. Here, we review the role of biodiversity loss on accelerating the consequences of climate change from the perspective of pediatric health. With the loss of biodiversity’s protective role against the consequences of climate change, the adverse effects of the changing planet are impacting pediatric health. For example, trees provide shelter against heat waves, unsealed soil and wetlands mitigate flooding, and rewilded green space hosts high microbial richness and consequently supports immune and mental health. The effects of the loss of biodiversity may impact the discovery and development of novel pharmaceuticals and thus the future of children’s medicine as a whole. We also highlight areas for further study and detail efforts that have been made to restore biodiversity, with the aim to improve the current and future health of local pediatric populations.

Impact

Loss of biodiversity is occurring at a rapid pace affecting the health of the planet and disproportionately pediatric health.

This paper describes the role of biodiversity loss in accelerating the impact of climate change on children’s health, and highlights particularly vulnerable populations.

This paper details steps that can be taken to maintain and restore biodiversity at the local and global levels to protect these populations and pediatric health in general.
CNN‐based multi‐output regression model to estimate infrastructural surface crack dimensions adopting a generalised patch size and FWHM‐based width quantification
Authors: Debroy Sudipta , Sil Arjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo cater the need for real‐time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities, a CNN‐regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches. RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre‐trained deep convolution neural network, the true positives are segmented, and crack properties are extracted using two different methods. The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level‐set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology‐based method known as FILFINDER. A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method. An advanced convolution neural network‐based multi‐output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held‐out dataset for the prediction of crack‐length, crack‐width, and width‐uncertainty directly from input image patches. The proposed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations. Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it. Additionally, an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the prediction results. Finally, the best performing model HHc‐X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.
Morphing control strategy of wide input voltage DR‐LLC converter for vehicle power supply
Authors: Zheng Litong , Guo Yuhan , Zhao Xin , Wang Rui , Zhang Xiuyu , Lan Liangsheng , Li Hongwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles have experienced substantial global growth. However, significant fluctuations in the output voltage of power batteries and abrupt changes in the input voltage of DC–DC converters pose major challenges to their safety and reliability, thereby impeding sustainable development. This paper proposes a frequency‐prediction‐based topology morphing control strategy (FPTMC) for a dual resonant cavity LLC (DR‐LLC) converter. The strategy aims to accommodate a wide range of input voltages while enhancing the reliability of the vehicle's power supply. Firstly, the topology of the DR‐LLC converter is introduced, utilizing a fundamental wave analysis method for modelling purposes. This analysis results in three distinct voltage gain models corresponding to various topology modes, thereby enabling the converter to manage a wide spectrum of input voltages. Then, a geometrically simplified state plane analysis is employed to derive switching frequency models for the three topology modes, facilitating real‐time prediction of the necessary switching frequency during topology transitions. The proposed control strategy, which relies on frequency prediction, effectively mitigates the problem of voltage spikes during these transitions. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed wide input voltage control strategy for DR‐LLC converters in vehicle power supply systems.
Do we need a data sharing infrastructure for the energy sector?
Authors: Li Furong , Turvey Nigel , Dale Lewis , Scott John , Padget Julian , Flower Isaac , Fitzpatrick Jennifer R. , Ostler Nico , Oldaker Rob , Yeo Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiversifying and decarbonising energy production by investing in renewables and clean energy is the UK Government's blueprint to power Britain from Britain. Technological developments and deployment are progressing rapidly, however, the whole‐system approach—bringing together organisations across the traditional boundaries to provide the country with an increasing capability to source affordable, clean and home‐grown energy—is still lacking. A key barrier to the whole‐system approach is lack of a data sharing infrastructure (DSI), which allows standardised and interoperable data to be securely shared between key stakeholders, helping to align giga watt, mega watt and kilo watt renewable and clean energy with end‐user demand. Development of a DSI covering the entire problem and organisation space is a complex and costly undertaking. This paper advocates for a minimum viable product (MVP) that takes an early, continuous engagement of influencing and impacting stakeholders, facilitates the discovery of desired system functional properties at the earliest possible stage of system development to meet diverse users' needs, mitigate potential risks, and inform the future development. If an MVP offers genuine benefits for early adoptions and the opportunity to address mission critical challenges, it will propel mass collaboration and innovation to accelerate net zero transition and green growth.
Resultados clínicos da curetagem versus ressecção cirúrgica do tumor de células gigantes do rádio distal: Uma revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Ali Sheikh Muhammad Ebad , Fatima Syeda Safeena , Munawar Bisma , Fatima Maheen , Naqvi Syeda Kisa Batool , Malik Laiba Urooj 
Published: December 2024

Resumo
Objetivo A curetagem e a ressecção cirúrgica são utilizadas para tratamento do tumor de células gigantes (TCG) do rádio distal, mas ainda há controvérsias acerca da superioridade de uma destas técnicas em relação à outra. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar e comparar os dois procedimentos quanto a complicações, recidiva local e mobilidade.
Métodos Três autores fizeram uma busca completa da literatura pertinente e a avaliaram de forma independente. Os estudos incluídos relataram pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico do TCG do rádio distal por curetagem ou ressecção cirúrgica. A declaração dos Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA, em inglês) foi usada para determinar os desfechos da ressecção cirúrgica e curetagem do TCG do rádio distal. Estes dados foram a base de uma metanálise. Uma avaliação de qualidade também foi realizada.
Resultados A presente revisão incluiu 7 estudos, compreendendo 114 pacientes submetidos à ressecção e 108 à curetagem, totalizando 222 indivíduos (117 homens e 105 mulheres). De modo geral, os pacientes do grupo submetido à curetagem apresentaram maior taxa de recidiva (0,205; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] = 0,057–0,735; p = 0,015). A incidência de complicações foi a mesma em ambos os grupos (2,845; IC95% = 0,644–12,57; p = 0,168). As incidências de desfechos funcionais também foram as mesmas em ambos os grupos (−0,948; IC95% = −2,074–0,178; p = 0,099]).
Conclusão Os autores preferem a ressecção e reconstrução para tratamento do TCG do rádio distal como método ideal devido aos desfechos de resultados funcionais semelhantes e às menores chances de recidiva. A curetagem pode ser uma opção de tratamento no TCG de baixo grau, associada à terapia adjuvante, neoadjuvante ou ablação para redução do risco de recidiva.
A reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com aumento por cerclagem interna resulta em menos rerrupturas em comparação à reconstrução sem aumento
Authors: Novaretti João Victor , Dias Junior Claudio Paula Pessoa , Lima Lucas Santos , Amaro Joicemar Tarouco , Gomes Daniel Esperante , Cohen Moises 
Published: December 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Comparar os desfechos clínicos da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) usando autoenxertos com e sem aumento por cerclagem interna.
Métodos Os dados de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com autoenxertos de tendões isquiotibiais e quadríceps e aumento por cerclagem interna ou não, além de acompanhamento mínimo de um ano, foram coletados de forma prospectiva e analisados retrospectivamente. Os escores funcionais de Lysholm e Tegner foram determinados antes e após a cirurgia, e dados sobre as complicações pós-operatórias também foram coletados. A comparação das médias dos dois grupos foi feita por meio do teste t de Student ou do teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, em caso de rejeição da normalidade dos dados.
Resultados Ao todo, 55 pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com cerclagem interna, e outros 55 pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução do LCA sem cerclagem interna. Os pacientes tinham entre 16 e 63 anos de idade (média de 32,7 ± 11,4 anos). No total, 62 pacientes (56,4%) foram submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com enxerto de isquiotibiais, e 19 pacientes (17,3%) receberam enxerto de tendão do quadríceps, com variação de diâmetro de 7 mm a 11 mm (média de 8,95 ± 0,83 mm). Os escores pós-operatórios não diferiram entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Quatro pacientes do grupo reconstrução do LCA com cerclagem interna apresentaram complicações: 2 (3,7%) tiveram artrofibrose, 1 (1,8%) sofreu rerruptura, e 1 (1,8%), trombose. No grupo de reconstrução do LCA sem aumento, 7 pacientes manifestaram complicações: 2 (3,9%) tiveram artrofibrose, 4 (7,3%) sofreram rerruptura, e 1 (2%) apresentou infecção.
Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo mostram que houve menos casos de rerruptura do LCA após a reconstrução com aumento por cerclagem interna em comparação à reconstrução do LCA sem aumento, embora os escores funcionais não tenham apresentado diferenças.
Análise do perfil metabólico do líquido sinovial de pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho por meio da metabolômica por ressonância magnética espectroscópica
Authors: Alves Paulo Ricardo Picon , Aguiar Diego Pinheiro , Ladeira Aline Cordeiro Fernandes , Santos Gilson Costa dos , Sousa Eduardo Branco de 
Published: December 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o perfil metabólico do líquido sinovial de pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho (OAJ) correlacionando com os dados clínicos.
Métodos Coletamos amostras de líquido sinovial do joelho de 50 indivíduos com OAJ durante artroplastia total do joelho entre outubro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020. Avaliamos, para cada paciente, os dados clínicos do prontuário médico, o grau de artrose radiográfica e a glicemia de jejum pré-operatória. As amostras foram submetidas à análise metabolômica por ressonância magnética (RM) 1H, e os espectros foram comparados por meio de análises multivariadas e univariadas.
Resultados O sexo feminino prevaleceu (66%), a média de idade foi 67,96 ± 7,08 anos e a média do índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi de 32,51 ± 5,25 kg/m2. Nas avaliações clínicas e metabólicas, 88% dos pacientes eram hipertensos, e encontramos maiores níveis de valina, arginina e citrato em comparação com pacientes não hipertensos.
Conclusão A análise metabolômica do líquido sinovial não conseguiu classificar os pacientes com OA de acordo com as características clínicas.