bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weather shocks, traders' expectations, and food prices
Authors: Letta Marco , Montalbano Pierluigi , Pierre Guillaume 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe empirical literature on the impacts of weather shocks on agricultural prices typically explores post‐harvest price dynamics rather than pre‐harvest ones. Inspired by the intra‐annual competitive storage theory, we empirically investigate the role of weather news in traders' anticipations on pre‐harvest price fluctuations in India's local markets. Using a panel of district‐level monthly wholesale food prices from 2004 to 2017, we leverage the time lag between a weather anomaly and the corresponding supply shock to isolate price reactions caused by changes in expectations. We find that drought conditions significantly increase food prices during the growing period, that is before any harvest failure has materialized. These results suggest that markets respond immediately to expected supply shortfalls by updating their beliefs and adapting accordingly and that the expectation channel accounts for a substantial share of supply‐side food price shocks. A direct comparison with the effects of the same weather anomalies on the prices of the first harvest month reveals that expectations anticipate more than 80% of the total price impact.
Sunflower’s Oakland: The Black Geographic Image as a Site of Reclamation
Authors: Heitz Kaily 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDevelopment campaigns in Oakland, California advance gentrification in the city through the use of Black visual cultures. Black communities that produce this culture are in turn displaced by processes of gentrification. This article proposes two concepts, the “Black geographic image” and “emancipatory framing”, to explain methods for interrupting this visual exploitation and reclaiming space for Black visual culture in Oakland. I analyse the connections between visual aesthetics, geography, and racialised identities by drawing on ethnographic interviews and the photographic works of Oakland artist and entrepreneur, Sunflower Love. I suggest that her photos exemplify a Black geographic image‐making process; these images rebuke a two‐dimensional production of space in favour of a trialectic form of representation that highlights the value of a Black experience of place. How Sunflower uses these images to advance her business is a form of emancipatory framing, in which she unsettles hegemonic racialising images while still working within capitalistic strictures to generate income for herself. The paper concludes by arguing that these visual negotiations are integral to ongoing contestations over the identity of, and therefore spatio‐political claims to, Oakland as a Black city.
The Labouring Practices of Jobless Degree Holders: Rethinking Work, Productivity, and Labour in a Small Hill Town in North India
Authors: Deuchar Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article critiques productivist and wage‐centric conceptualisations of labour by analysing the labouring practices of jobless degree holders in the Indian Himalayas. I draw on ethnographic material to illuminate how young men developed forms of unpaid labour that centred skills associated with their educational credentials. Educated youth were able to produce positive reputations through their labour and made sense of their activities as making a social contribution to others. Yet their labouring practices also affirmed dominant modes of masculinity and reinscribed patriarchal gender relations. While jobless degree holders were excluded from the kinds of jobs they desired, I argue that they were able to yield status and respect by embodying competencies that white collar jobs demanded. Situating jobless degree holders within productive relations creates scope for illuminating how they attempt to assert their productive capacities in the face of long‐term unemployment.
Molecular profiling in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: why so many types of subtypes?
Authors: Morin Ryan D. , Arthur Sarah E. , Hodson Daniel J. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe term diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) includes a heterogeneous collection of biologically distinct tumours. This heterogeneity currently presents a barrier to the successful deployment of novel, biologically targeted therapies. Molecular profiling studies have recently proposed new molecular classification systems. These have the potential to resolve the biological heterogeneity of DLBCL into manageable subgroups of tumours that rely on shared oncogenic programmes. In many cases these biological programmes straddle the boundaries of our existing systems for classifying B‐cell lymphomas. Here we review the findings from these major molecular profiling studies with a specific focus on those that propose new genetic subgroups of DLBCL. We highlight the areas of consensus and discordance between these studies and discuss the implications for current clinical practice and for clinical trials. Finally, we address the outstanding challenges and solutions to the introduction of genomic subtyping and precision medicine in DLBCL.
The effect of a physical activity consultation in the management of adolescent excess weight: Results from a non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Videira‐Silva Antonio , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Sardinha Luís B. , Fonseca Helena 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe value of physical activity (PA) counselling and its impact on PA behaviour and weight management have been in question. The main aim of this study was to analyse 6 and 12‐month effects of a PA consultation (PAC—a structured form of PA counselling) with and without the inclusion of structured exercise, on body mass index (BMI) z‐score, body composition and PA levels of adolescents with excess weight (BMI ≥p85), as part of a clinical multicomponent weight management program. Participants were allocated at baseline into a control (CG—standard care, including paediatric and nutrition consultations) and two experimental groups (EGI and EGII). Both EG's were exposed to standard care plus PAC for 12 months. During the first 6 months, EGII additionally participated in two weekly exercise sessions. From 165 participants recruited, 102 completed the intervention (CG n = 28, EGI n = 36 and EGII n = 38). According to generalized estimating equations, at 6 months both EG's improved (p < 0.05) their BMI z‐score, waist‐height ratio (WHtR), body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, sedentary time and moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA) compared to CG. Further improvements were observed in BMI z‐score between 6 and 12 months in EG's compared to CG. At 6 months, EGII showed a higher (p < 0.05) increase in MVPA compared to EGI, and EGI a higher decrease in WHtR. No other differences were found between EG's. This study suggests that PAC is a time‐effective approach to improve BMI z‐score, body composition and PA levels in adolescents with excess weight, even without the inclusion of structured exercise.
Who is a typical woman? Exploring variation in how race biases representations of gender across development
Authors: Leshin Rachel A. , Lei Ryan F. , Byrne Magnolia , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrom early in development, race biases how children think about gender—often in a manner that treats Black women as less typical and representative of women in general than White or Asian women. The present study (N = 89, ages 7–11; predominately Hispanic, White, and multi‐racial children) examined the generalizability of this phenomenon across middle childhood and the mechanisms underlying variability in its development. Replicating prior work, children were slower and less accurate to categorize the gender of Black women compared to Asian or White women, as well as compared to Black men, suggesting that children perceived Black women as less representative of their gender. These effects were robust across age within a racially and ethnically diverse sample of children. Children's tendencies to view their own racial identities as expansive and flexible, however, attenuated these effects: Children with more flexible racial identities also had gender concepts that were more inclusive of Black women. In contrast, the tendency for race to bias children's gender representations was unrelated to children's multiple classification skill and racial essentialism. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying variation in how race biases gender across development, with critical implications for how children's own identities shape the development of intergroup cognition and behavior.
Salidroside attenuates cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes
Authors: Hao Weiwei , Li Na , Mi Caifeng , Wang Qiang , Yu Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetes‐induced cardiovascular disease.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats treated with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) on a daily basis were used to establish the diabetic rat model (blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/L). Cardiac functions of diabetic rats were evaluated by their haemodynamic alterations. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein levels of multiple signalling pathway factors. Quantitative real‐time PCR assay was performed to investigate the inflammation and oxidative stress of diabetic rats.ResultsSalidroside treatment improved the cardiac functions of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside therapy attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress induced by diabetes. Salidroside inhibited the diabetes‐induced inflammation in diabetic rat hearts. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was also alleviated by the treatment of salidroside. Salidroside also upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, ACC, TSC2 and RAPTOR.ConclusionSalidroside exerts protective effects against diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating the mTOR and AMPK signalling pathways.
The BDNF val66met polymorphism is associated with decreased use of landmarks and decreased fMRI activity in the hippocampus during virtual navigation
Authors: West Greg L. , Konishi Kyoko , MacDonald Kathleen , Ni Anjie , Joober Ridha , Bohbot Veronique D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople can navigate in a new environment using multiple strategies dependent on different memory systems. A series of studies have dissociated between hippocampus‐dependent ‘spatial’ navigation and habit‐based ‘response’ learning mediated by the caudate nucleus. The val66met polymorphism of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene leads to decreased secretion of BDNF in the brain, including the hippocampus. Here, we aim to investigate the role of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on virtual navigation behaviour and brain activity in healthy older adults. A total of 139 healthy older adult participants (mean age = 65.8 ± 4.4 years) were tested in this study. Blood samples were collected, and BDNF val66met genotyping was performed. Participants were divided into two genotype groups: val homozygotes and met carriers. Participants were tested on virtual dual‐solution navigation tasks in which they could use either a hippocampus‐dependent spatial strategy or a caudate nucleus‐dependent response strategy to solve the task. A subset of the participants (n = 66) were then scanned in a 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner while engaging in another dual‐solution navigation task. BDNF val/val individuals and met carriers did not differ in learning performance. However, the two BDNF groups differed in learning strategy. BDNF val/val individuals relied more on landmarks to remember target locations (i.e., increased use of flexible spatial learning), while met carriers relied more on sequences and patterns to remember target locations (i.e., increased use of inflexible response learning). Additionally, BDNF val/val individuals had more fMRI activity in the hippocampus compared with BDNF met carriers during performance on the navigation task. This is the first study to show in older adults that BDNF met carriers use alternate learning strategies from val/val individuals and to identify differential brain activation of this behavioural difference between the two groups.
Neonatal 6‐OHDA lesion of the SNc induces striatal compensatory sprouting from surviving SNc dopaminergic neurons without VTA contribution
Authors: Tanguay William , Ducrot Charles , Giguère Nicolas , Bourque Marie‐Josée , Trudeau Louis‐Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are uniquely vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesize that their large axonal arbor is a key factor underlying their vulnerability, due to increased bioenergetic, proteostatic and oxidative stress. In keeping with this model, other DAergic populations with smaller axonal arbors are mostly spared during the course of PD and are more resistant to experimental lesions in animal models. Aiming to improve mouse PD models, we examined if neonatal partial SNc lesions could lead to adult mice with fewer SNc DA neurons that are endowed with larger axonal arbors because of compensatory mechanisms. We injected 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) unilaterally in the SNc at an early postnatal stage at a dose selected to induce loss of approximately 50% of SNc DA neurons. We find that at 10 and 90 days after the lesion, the axons of SNc DA neurons show massive compensatory sprouting, as revealed by the proportionally smaller decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum compared with the loss of SNc DA neuron cell bodies. The extent and origin of this axonal sprouting was further investigated by AAV‐mediated expression of eYFP in SNc or ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of adult mice. Our results reveal that SNc DA neurons have the capacity to substantially increase their axonal arbor size and suggest that mice designed to have reduced numbers of SNc DA neurons could potentially be used to develop better mouse models of PD, with elevated neuronal vulnerability.
Predicting how climate change threatens the prey base of Arctic marine predators
Authors: Florko Katie R. N. , Tai Travis C. , Cheung William W. L. , Ferguson Steven H. , Sumaila U. Rashid , Yurkowski David J. , Auger‐Méthé Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArctic sea ice loss has direct consequences for predators. Climate‐driven distribution shifts of native and invasive prey species may exacerbate these consequences. We assessed potential changes by modelling the prey base of a widely distributed Arctic predator (ringed seal; Pusa hispida) in a sentinel area for change (Hudson Bay) under high‐ and low‐greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1950 to 2100. All changes were relatively negligible under the low‐emission scenario, but under the high‐emission scenario, we projected a 50% decline in the abundance of the well‐distributed, ice‐adapted and energy‐rich Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and an increase in the abundance of smaller temperate‐associated fish in southern and coastal areas. Furthermore, our model predicted that all fish species declined in mean body size, but a 29% increase in total prey biomass. Declines in energy‐rich prey and restrictions in their spatial range are likely to have cascading effects on Arctic predators.
The bright and dark sides of CEO hubris: Assessing cultural distance in international business
Authors: Picone Pasquale Massimo , Pisano Vincenzo , Dagnino Giovanni Battista 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to enrich the behavioral theory of international business strategy by investigating how CEO hubris (i.e., excess pride and confidence) affects international strategic choices, that is, location selection, entry timing, and modes of entry into the target market. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between cultural distance and international strategic choices and consider hubris as a mechanism that influences CEOs' decisions. Our conceptual framework recognizes that the performance of international strategies managed by hubristic CEOs is extremely volatile. On the one hand, we corroborate the idea that hubris has a dark side that may lead to pernicious outcomes. On the other hand, we recognize a bright side of hubris related to the consideration that overconfidence may sometimes be seen as a necessary CEO quality that in turn differentiates one firm from the others.
Free‐ranging male northern map turtles use public information when interacting with potential mates
Authors: Bulté Grégory , Huneault Brooke , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSperm competition is prevalent in animals, and many adaptations have evolved to reduce its risk. Males can reduce the risk of sperm competition by using public information when interacting with potential mates. Specifically, males can reduce sperm competition by avoiding females already affiliated with rival males. We tested this hypothesis in a population of wild northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica), a gregarious species with seemingly prevalent sperm competition. We used 3D‐printed decoys and underwater videography to record the response of free‐ranging males to female decoys affiliated or not with rivals. More visits were made by males to female decoys when rivals were present, suggesting a form of eavesdropping during mate selection. Males were more likely to interact with the female decoy, however, when rivals were absent, suggesting that they behave to reduce sperm competition. Moreover, the types of interactions differed between the accompanied and the unaccompanied female decoys, indicating an audience effect during male–female interactions. Finally, males interacted more with the male decoys than with the female decoys in the treatment with rivals, indicating a yet unclear form of male–male interaction. Collectively, our results suggest that free‐ranging male northern map turtles use public information for mate selection and to reduce sperm competition.
Fostering motivation and creativity through self‐publishing as project‐based learning in the Italian L2 classroom
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Hajek John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents the results of a mixed‐method study that investigated the impact of an innovative project‐based learning module, entitled “I am an author,” on students' motivation and creativity, and also examined its positive and negative aspects emerging from students' evaluations. As part of this module, advanced learners of Italian are required to write and self‐publish a short, fully illustrated children's story in Italian. The results suggest that while students encountered some problems during the activity, overall the project had a positive impact on their intrinsic motivation—linked to the opportunity to use the language to target a nonacademic audience and to their investment in a personally relevant and world relevant task—and also helped them develop their creative skills. This study adds to scholarship on the effectiveness of experiential learning through a targeted project‐based activity and paves the way for future development of and research on the project.
Stability of tropical forest tree carbon‐water relations in a rainfall exclusion treatment through shifts in effective water uptake depth
Authors: Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , McDowell Nate G. , Rodrigues Tayana Barrozo , Brodribb Tim , Cernusak Lucas A. , Choat Brendan , Grossiord Charlotte , Ishida Yoko , Jardine Kolby J. , Laurance Susan , Leff Riley , Li Weibin , Liddell Michael , Mackay D. Scott , Pacheco Heather , Peters Jennifer , de J. Sampaio Filho Israel , Souza Daisy C. , Wang Wenzhi , Zhang Peipei , Chambers Jeff 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing severity and frequency of drought is predicted for large portions of the terrestrial biosphere, with major impacts already documented in wet tropical forests. Using a 4‐year rainfall exclusion experiment in the Daintree Rainforest in northeast Australia, we examined canopy tree responses to reduced precipitation and soil water availability by quantifying seasonal changes in plant hydraulic and carbon traits for 11 tree species between control and drought treatments. Even with reduced soil volumetric water content in the upper 1 m of soil in the drought treatment, we found no significant difference between treatments for predawn and midday leaf water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, foliar stable carbon isotope composition, leaf mass per area, turgor loss point, xylem vessel anatomy, or leaf and stem nonstructural carbohydrates. While empirical measurements of aboveground traits revealed homeostatic maintenance of plant water status and traits in response to reduced soil moisture, modeled belowground dynamics revealed that trees in the drought treatment shifted the depth from which water was acquired to deeper soil layers. These findings reveal that belowground acclimation of tree water uptake depth may buffer tropical rainforests from more severe droughts that may arise in future with climate change.
Experimental warming and its legacy effects on root dynamics following two hurricane disturbances in a wet tropical forest
Authors: Yaffar Daniela , Wood Tana E. , Reed Sasha C. , Branoff Benjamin L. , Cavaleri Molly A. , Norby Richard J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTropical forests are expected to experience unprecedented warming and increases in hurricane disturbances in the coming decades; yet, our understanding of how these productive systems, especially their belowground component, will respond to the combined effects of varied environmental changes remains empirically limited. Here we evaluated the responses of root dynamics (production, mortality, and biomass) to soil and understory warming (+4°C) and after two consecutive tropical hurricanes in our in situ warming experiment in a tropical forest of Puerto Rico: Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE). We collected minirhizotron images from three warmed plots and three control plots of 12 m2. Following Hurricanes Irma and María in September 2017, the infrared heater warming treatment was suspended for repairs, which allowed us to explore potential legacy effects of prior warming on forest recovery. We found that warming significantly reduced root production and root biomass over time. Following hurricane disturbance, both root biomass and production increased substantially across all plots; the root biomass increased 2.8‐fold in controls but only 1.6‐fold in previously warmed plots. This pattern held true for both herbaceous and woody roots, suggesting that the consistent antecedent warming conditions reduced root capacity to recover following hurricane disturbance. Root production and mortality were both related to soil ammonium nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen before and after the hurricanes. This experiment has provided an unprecedented look at the complex interactive effects of disturbance and climate change on the root component of a tropical forested ecosystem. A decrease in root production in a warmer world and slower root recovery after a major hurricane disturbance, as observed here, are likely to have longer‐term consequences for tropical forest responses to future global change.