bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Topography After Selective Suture Removal for Astigmatism Following Keratoplasty
Authors: Goren Matthew B , Dana Mohamad-Reza , Rapuano Christopher J , Gomes Jose A P , Cohen Elisabeth J , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether the immediate corneal topographic changes induced by selective suture removal for astigmatism after keratoplasty were stable over time.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Computerized videokeratoscopic images were obtained prior to and immediately following suture removal in 14 patients, and then again at the next postoperative visit 4 to 6 weeks later. These images were analyzed and statistically compared for central corneal power and vector of the central 3-mm corneal astigmatism.
* RESULTS: Most of the topographic changes induced by suture removal occurred immediately. However, continued shifting in corneal curvature did take place over the subsequent 4 to 6 weeks. Unpredictable shirts were more pronounced in patients whose surgery had been performed more than 20 months prior to suture removal.
* CONCLUSION: Computerized videokeratoscopy graphically elucidates continued shifts in corneal topography following the removal of sutures for the control of astigmatism after keratoplasty.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:208-214.]
Internal Sclerostomy With a Mechanical Trephine Versus the Neodymium:YAG Laser in Dogs
Authors: Peiffer R L , Nobles R D , Carter J , Pandya A D , Osborne C , Freedman S 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To experimentally compare and contrast the internal sclerostomy produced using a mechanical trephine with that made by an Nd:YAG laser, and to evaluate the healing patterns, efficacy, and technical advantages of each method.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four healthy dogs with normal eyes were used in this study. The left eye of each dog had an internal sclerostomy performed with an automated mechanical trephine. The right eye of each dog had an internal sclerostomy performed with an Nd:YAG laser. Postoperatively, the intraocular pressure of each eye was measured at regular intervals. The dogs were euthanized successively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postoperatively, and the morphology of the surgical sites was studied.
* RESULTS: The Nd:YAG laser was easier to manipulate and technically less demanding than the mechanical trephine. However, the Nd:YAG laser induced more prominent corneal edema and conjunctival hyperemia compared with the automated trephine. Morphology of the tissue response showed tissue necrosis and greater inflammation with the Nd:YAG laser than with the automated trephine.
* CONCLUSIONS: These two techniques demonstrate differences in technical demands and tissue response. Both are characterized by minimal reactive fibrosis of the episcleral and Tenon's capsule fibroblast.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:223-230.]
The In Vivo Effects of a Prototype Diode Laser Coagulator/Vaporizing Endoprobe Used to Perform Retinectomy and Retinotomy in Rabbits
Authors: Hoggatt Judy S , Pulido Jose S , Nash Robert W , Simons Kenneth B , Han Dennis P 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the use of a prototype intraocular carbon-coated diode laser probe for performing single-instrument internal retinotomy and retinectomy.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 20-gauge endolaser probe was used to perform retinotomies on 10 anesthetized rabbits. Two protocols were examined: one using low power and long duration, and one using high power and short duration. Retinotomies were performed on attached and experimentally detached retinas.
* RESULTS: Retinotomies were performed in all eyes using both protocols. The edges had photocoagulative effects in all cases. The eyes treated with the longer duration, lower power protocol had scleral damage, whereas the eyes treated with shorter duration, higher power did not.
* CONCLUSION: Although the diode laser coagulator/cutter may be used for retinotomies, it should be studied further.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:231-235-]
The Intraocular Penetration of Dexamethasone After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: McDermott Mark L , Vale Steven , Tayfour Fouad , Cowden John W 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the effect of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on intraocular steroid penetration.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess steroid penetration after PRK, four rabbits underwent unilateral myopic 9.90-D PRK procedures. The other eye was left undisturbed as a control. One week later both eyes received hourly doses of radiolabeled topical dexamethasone.
* RESULTS: No significant difference in corneal tissue [(mean ± 1 SD) PRK 4.8 ± 1.1 pg/g, control 5.2 ± 1.2 pg/g] or aqueous humor concentration [(mean ± 1 SD) PRK 0.8 ±0.12 pg/ml, control 0.9 ± 0.05 pg/ml] of dexamethasone was seen.
* CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone penetration in eyes 1 week following PRK is similar to that of the unablated cornea.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:839-841.]
The Effect of Adjustable Suture Techniques on Scleral Resistance
Authors: Keech Ronald V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effect of adjustable suture strabismus surgery techniques on the ease of the postoperative adjustment has not been determined. An in vitro animal model was developed to compare several intraoperative variables with the ability to adjust the sutures.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The amount of force required to advance and recess the suture was measured using different sutures, suture coatings, needles, and scleral tunnel techniques.
* RESULTS: Scleral tunnels placed at an angle to the muscle insertion caused significantly greater scleral resistance as compared with tunnels placed perpendicular to the insertion. Although differences were noted in the scleral resistance with different needles, suture coatings, and suture materials, there was a considerable overlap of the effect.
* CONCLUSIONS: Scleral tunnels placed perpendicular to the muscle insertion and parallel to the plane of action of the muscle offer the best technique for minimizing scleral resistance. Other less important factors include shorter scleral tunnels, larger needles, and special suture coatings.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:842-848.]
Corneal Topography After Cataract Surgery Using a Clear Corneal Incision Closed With One Radial Suture
Authors: Black Eva H , Cohen Kenneth L , Tripoli Nancy K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine whether corneal topography and visual recovery are affected by suturing a temporal, clear corneal incision for cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one consecutive phacoemulsification patients (39 eyes) had a 3.2mm incision sutured with one 10-0 nylon, radial suture removed after 1 postoperative week. Visual acuity (VA) and corneal topography, including best fit sphere (BFS), best fit cylinder (BFC), principle meridian, topographic irregularity (TI), and vector-corrected astigmatism (VCA), were measured preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Twotailed t tests and Pearson correlations were calculated.
* RESULTS: From the preoperative measurement to 1 week postoperatively, VA improved, BFS (P = .005) and TI (P = .033) increased, and VCA shifted withthe-rule. From 1 week to 1 month postoperatively, BFS (P= .012) and TI (P= .002) decreased. BFC and its direction did not change. Almost all measures were significantly correlated.
* CONCLUSION: The benefits of sutureless surgery on corneal topography and visual recovery are not degraded by using a suture to prevent wound leakage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:896-903.]
Anticoagulation Therapy and Ocular Surgery
Authors: Saitoh Ayumi Kondo , Saitoh Akira , Taniguchi Hiroyasu , Amemiya Tsugio 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It is not rare for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy to undergo ocular surgery; however, there are no clear guidelines with reference to the operative management of the eye. This study examines the complications in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy who undergo ocular operations and suggests a management regimen for these patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retro spectively analyzed 52 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy who underwent ocular surgery between 1 993 and 1995. Data included sex, age, reason for anticoagulant therapy, operative procedure, complication rate, and length of time anticoagulant therapy was stopped or reduced prior to surgery. To show the base-line complication rate at their institution, data of patients not receiving anticoagulation therapy were added.
* RESULTS: Ticlopidine hydrochloride, an antiplatelet drug, was administered to 24 patients. Warfarin sodium was administered to 8 patients, heparin was administered to 8 patients, and other anticoagulants were administered to 20 patients. There were no significant differences in complications between the groups that stopped or reduced anticoagulant therapy and those that did not, but speech disturbance due to thrombotic complication occurred in 1 of 10 patients in whom ticlopidine hydrochloride was stopped or reduced. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 50% of those who continued ticlopidine hydrochloride, but in none of those who discontinued it (P = .019). There was a significant difference in hemorrhagic complications after cataract surgery between the phacoemulsification, aspiration, and intraocular lens implantation (PEA+ IOL) and the planned extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation (PECCE+IOL) groups that continued the drug (P= .0011). No patients showed visual acuity reduction due to hemorrhagic complications.
* CONCLUSIONS: To avoid life-threatening systemic complications, one need not always stop anticoagulant therapy before performing only cataract surgery. Cataract surgery in patients receiving ticlopidine hydrochloride should be performed with PEA+IOL via a small sclerocorneal or a corneal incision. In cataract surgery for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, hemorrhagic complications are more frequent than in patients not receiving anticoagulant therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:909-915.]
The Use of Dextran After Keratoplasty for Visualizing the Vitreous Cavity
Authors: Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Orman Elizabeth Salinas-Van , Morales-Cantón Virgilio , de Regil-Romero Mateo , Cuevas-Cancino Diego 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corneal edema during penetrating keratoplasty (PK) precludes the visualization of the fundus required to perform vitreoretinal surgery. In this study, the clearing of the cornea and fundus visualization with dextran 40 following PK was evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Topical dextran 40 was used in 12 eyes that underwent uncomplicated PK (phase 1) and in 5 eyes that underwent combined PK with vitreoretinal surgery (phase 2).
* RESULTS: Clearing of the cornea and visualization of the fundus were observed in all eyes after dextran had been instilled for a mean of 4 and 5 minutes in eyes for phase 1 and 2, respectively. Vitreoretinal surgery could successfully be performed after PK in all eyes of phase 2.
* CONCLUSION: Topical use of dextran 40 following PK produces enough clearing of the cornea to enable visualization of the fundus for further vitreoretinal procedures after the graft has been sutured.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:980-984.]
Prevention of Posterior Capsule Opacification With the CO2 Laser
Authors: Michaeli-Cohen Adi , Belkin Michael , GoIdring Alon , Rosner Mordechai , Assia Ehud I 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common complication after cataract extraction, despite the modern surgical techniques and lenses being used for this procedure. Its prevention challenged many investigators, because the current treatment of choice, capsulotomy with Nd:YAG laser, is associated with sight-threatening complications. In the present study, the authors investigated two approaches of preventing PCO using the CO2 laser.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 15-W CO2 laser with a 17- or 18-gauge hollow probe was used on 20 sheep eyes and 14 rabbit eyes. Lens extraction was done by phacoemulsification. In the equatorial treatment study, the anterior chamber was filled with either air or a viscoelastic substance, and laser burns were applied to the equator of the lens capsule and to the peripheral anterior capsule to destroy the epithelial cells. In the capsulotomy study, a primary posterior capsulotomy was created by delivering 1 to 3 laser shots to the capsule behind an implanted intraocular lens (IOL).
* RESULTS: The CO2 laser was satisfactory in sheep eyes after filling the anterior chamber with air. In rabbit eyes, however, it was technically impractical to work with air. Using a viscoelastic material to maintain the anterior chamber, the hollow probe of the CO2 laser becomes plugged up and therefore is unable to affect the ocular tissue. However, by combining viscoelastic and air pumping, both the destruction of the lens epithelial cells and the creation of a central posterior opening behind a capsular-fixated IOL was repeatedly achieved.
* CONCLUSION: Using the CO2 laser for destruction of lens epithelial cells and the creation of controlled posterior capsulotomy is feasible and practical. A different design of the probe (closed gauge) is required to enable it to operate clinically in a fluid or viscoelastic environment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:985-990.]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Macular Holes Combined with Cataract Extraction and Lens Implantation
Authors: Kotecha Amy V , Sinclair Stephen H , Gupta Amit K , Tipperman Richard 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cataract extraction and lens implantation at the time of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for macular hole (MH) repair.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of 21 eyes that had PPV for MH combined with cataract extraction and lens implantation. Visual acuities (VA) were followed and complications noted.
* RESULTS: Of 21 eyes, successful anatomic closure was achieved in 16 (76.2%), and 13 (62.0%) improved in VA by at least 2 Snellen lines. Few complications occurted.
* CONCLUSION: Procedures that combine PPV for MH with cataract extraction and lens implantation decrease the need for future ophthalmic surgery, allow for clearer intraoperative visualization, and facilitate visual rehabilitation. This combined procedure is a relatively safe and effective alternative to separate pars plana and cataract surgeries.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:387-393]
Erbium:YAG Laser Deep Sclerectomy: An Alternative Approach to Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G , Kozobolis Vassilios P , Christodoulakis Emmanouil V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study and evaluate, prospectiveiy, the effectiveness and the safety of deep sclerectomy when it is performed with the assistance of the erbium:YAG laser in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma were enrolled consecutively to undergo laser deep sclerectomy. Mitomycin C (0.2 mg/mL for 2.5 minutes) was also used before the superficial scierai flap formation. The follow-up was 24 months for all patients.
* RESULTS: The intraocular pressure was significantly decreased by 9.15 mm Hg or 35.1% (from 26.05 ± 2.55 to 16.9 ± 3.45 mm Hg) at the end of the follow-up period. The complete and qualified success rates at the end of the follow-up period were 37.5% and 62.5%, respectively. Mild complications such as choroidal detachment, hyphema, and leakage were observed.
* CONCLUSIONS: The use of the erbium:YAG laser for performing a deep sclerectomy procedure seems to be a safe and relatively effective alternative to the conventional surgical procedure. Further studies and longer follow-up are necessary for the evaluation of the efficacy of this technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:375-380.]
L’hyperféminisation des chanteuses japonaises : shôjo kashu et aidoru
Authors: Chûjô Chiharu , Wartelle-Sakamoto Clara 
Published: April 2021

Le phénomène des aidoru, ces jeunes vedettes féminines à la fois chanteuses, danseuses et actrices, souvent issues de groupes de pop japonaise fabriqués de toutes pièces par une puissante industrie musicale, s’est grandement développé à la fin des années 1960. La forte médiatisation de ces jeunes artistes les soumet à des exigences importantes, en particulier physiques et morales : elles doivent adopter des tenues et des comportements pour satisfaire et fidéliser leurs fans. Mais leur représentation d’adolescentes modèles aux caractéristiques physiques et aux attitudes hyperféminisées peut troubler, tant elle joue à la fois sur un mode de séduction et d’allusions sexuelles, et sur une apparence volontairement enfantine et immature. Leur carrière et leurs salaires étant déterminés par leur notoriété, cette dernière pouvant rapidement être mise à mal par un scandale touchant à leur vie privée, les aidoru évoluent dans une relation avec leur public qui s’apparente à un dispositif de voyeurisme et de fan service.Cette figure de la chanteuse ou actrice adolescente à succès s’observe déjà avant-guerre, avec le phénomène des shôjo kashu (« fillettes chanteuses »). Elles incarnent alors la pureté et l’innocence de l’enfance et sont bien souvent cantonnées à des répertoires et des rôles qui valorisent ces qualités. Or, dans les années 1950, des artistes comme Misora Hibari semblent s’éloigner peu à peu de cette vision et offrir une image jouant sur une ambiguïté séductrice s’incarnant dans un corps d’enfant. Dans cet article, nous reviendrons sur les contextes historiques et culturels dans lesquels ont évolué shôjo kashu et aidoru, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui constitue un phénomène majeur dans l’industrie musicale japonaise.
L’agentivité d’une île : au cœur des Stigmatisés (1918) de Franz Schreker
Authors: Flamion Aurore 
Published: April 2021

Créé en 1918, l’opéra Die Gezeichneten (« Les Stigmatisés ») de Franz Schreker a suscité de nombreux discours fustigeant l’omniprésence d’une sexualité débridée et délétère, s’attachant indistinctement au sujet, à la musique ou au compositeur lui-même. L’œuvre met en scène la tragédie d’un jeune noble, laid, qui ayant cru en la rédemption par l’amour, sombre dans la folie après avoir cédé à la ville de Gênes une île appelée « Élysée » et dédiée aux plaisirs charnels.L’ambition de cet article est de redonner une place au matériau opératique lui-même : paradoxalement réduite à l’anecdotique dans sa réception contemporaine, l’œuvre déploie pourtant des mécanismes puissants qui, illustrés par la mise en abyme de la venue des Génois sur l’île, agissent avec force sur les spectateurs. Il s’agit de mettre au jour en deux temps les moyens déployés par l’opéra pour imposer au spectateur intra-diégétique – et par extension, au public de l’œuvre – une stase qui se révèle être profondément érotique. La première partie, consacrée à l’esthétique du tableau vivant que convoque le IIIe acte, analyse les différentes modalités de la subjugation visuelle à laquelle est soumis le peuple génois. La deuxième partie poursuit cette analyse de la stase érotique sur le plan proprement musical, en étudiant les textures orchestrales caractéristiques de l’esthétique de Schreker.
« L’orchestre dans les sons brave l’honnêteté... » : Le rôle de l’élément érotique dans l’œuvre de Massenet.
Authors: Fauser Annegret 
Published: April 2021

Esclarmonde, un opéra de Jules Massenet créé à Paris en 1889 pendant l’Exposition Universelle, est un bon exemple de comment un livret basé sur des structures socialement conservatrices peut donner lieu à une expressivité musicalement progressive. Cet article propose une critique féministe de cet opéra, en se focalisant sur le rôle-titre et sur comment le livret et la partition articulent l’érotique et l’exotique. L’analyse part de la réception de l’opéra en 1889, en se penchant sur les lectures socio-politiques qui en sont faites, ainsi que sur les discussions de la capacité esthétique de la musique à produire une immédiateté sensuelle.
Utility of GeneXpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin Assay in Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Mohammadi Javeriya , Reddy Gummadi A. , Haran Alamelu 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases. An alarming rise in the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has prompted the need for rapid diagnostic techniques. Despite low sensitivity in MTB detection, sputum microscopy remains the main diagnostic method, especially in resource-limited settings. Mycobacterial culture is the gold standard method for TB diagnosis; however, the use in clinical practice is limited due to longer time, biosafety requirements, and high cost. In December 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) 1st endorsed the usage of Xpert MTB/rifampicin (RIF) assay. The WHO recommends that GeneXpert test could be used as a follow on test to microscopy, especially in smear-negative specimens.

Objectives:
To assess percentage of Tuberculosis cases and Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) case detection at diagnosis using Xpert MTB/RIF assay in smear-negative pulmonary cases.

Materials and Methodology:
Detailed relevant clinical history and examination were carried out for 105 pulmonary TB suspect patients. Sputum acid-fast bacilli smear two samples and human immunodeficiency virus status were checked under RNTCP; chest X-ray PA view was done. Smear-negative patients were subjected to bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)/bronchial washing. BAL/Bronchial washing was tested for GeneXpert.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
MTB was detected in 21 (20%) samples out of 105 samples and RIF resistance was detected in 1 (1%) sample. Most common chest x-ray abnormalities were cavity (33.3%) and consolidation (33.3%). 8 cases (38.1%) among Gene xpert positives had past history of Tuberculosis. Comorbidities were found in 5 cases (23.8%) among Gene Xpert positives. The present study concludes that using standard clinical assessment for selection, five patients need to be tested to detect one case of smear-negative TB. Smear-negative patients could benefit from Xpert, particularly in areas where no culture is available.
A Comparative Study of Platelet Indices in Stable Versus Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Archita R. , Ashok M. L. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. A strategy for prevention and early treatment of COPD exacerbations is essential to better address the disease. Hence, the study was undertaken to compare the various platelet indices in patients with acute exacerbation versus stable COPD and study the relationship of these indices with the severity of COPD exacerbation to aid in better patient management.

Methodology:
The study was conducted at the hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from November 2017 to May 2019, on patients with stable and acute exacerbation of COPD. Brief history with relevant investigations was performed. Platelet indices were compared between the two groups. The relationship between the platelet indices and the severity of acute exacerbation of COPD was also studied.

Results:
Among the platelet indices, there was a statistical difference in the mean values of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in the two groups. The MPV and PDW values were 8.85 fL and 7.91 fL and 15.94% and 17.14%, respectively, during the stable period and exacerbations of COPD, respectively. Furthermore, in our study, it was found that there was no significant association between the degree of hypoxia and the platelet indices.

Conclusion:
Among the various platelet indices, our study suggests that the MPV reduced and PDW increased in patients with acute exacerbation when compared to stable COPD. Furthermore, our study did not show any significant correlation between the platelet indices and the severity of COPD as determined by the degree of hypoxia.