bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Posaconazole Dosing in Children and Young Adults: A Single-Center Review
Authors: Garner Lauren M. , Ngo Susan , Kaplan Jenna Bognaski , Wilson William S. , McKinzie Cameron J. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE
Initial posaconazole dosing regimens in children often do not achieve target concentrations, and data continue to support the need for higher initial dosing regimens. The objective of this study is to contribute to the current data regarding suboptimal posaconazole dosing in pediatric patients by retrospectively observing dosing strategies and subsequent drug concentrations.

METHODS
This study was conducted at a single institution in 27 patients aged 1 to 21 years. Patients who were initiated on any formulation of posaconazole for prophylaxis or treatment while admitted to the hospital were included. The primary outcome was to determine the percentage of pediatric patients who achieved the targeted trough concentration using their initial posaconazole dosing regimen. Secondary outcomes included percentage of patients who experienced a breakthrough invasive fungal infection (IFI), percentage of patients with elevated liver function tests (LFTs), and discontinuation for any reason.

RESULTS
There were 15 patients (55.5%) who reached desired trough serum concentration after the initial dosing regimen. The number of dose modifications to achieve the desired trough ranged from 1 to 3. Most patients received delayed-release tablets (n = 17), and the average doses for reaching prophylactic and treatment trough concentrations were 6.1 mg/kg/day and 11 mg/kg/day, respectively. There were 2 patients (7.4%) who experienced breakthrough IFI. Overall, 5 patients developed elevated LFTs and 7 patients discontinued treatment early.

CONCLUSIONS
The results describe a single population of pediatric patients, of whom 55% were able to achieve target trough concentrations of posaconazole with the initial dosing strategy used.
Biochemical Parameters in Extremely Preterm Infants Receiving Mixed Lipid Emulsions
Authors: Peck Lauren H. , Prusakov Pavel , Mezoff Ethan A. 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE
A mixture of soybean, medium-chain triglycerides, olive, and fish oils (SMOF) contains higher α-tocopherol and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower phytosterol content compared with conventional soybean oil lipid emulsions (SOLE). We sought to characterize plasma total fatty acid profiles (FAPs) and assess the tolerability of long-term SMOF therapy in extremely preterm infants.

METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated infants born &lt;28 weeks gestational age who received at least 30 consecutive days of SMOF between July 2016 and June 2019. We evaluated monthly FAPs and biochemical tolerance to SMOF using direct bilirubin (DB) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Growth parameters were evaluated longitudinally until discharge.

RESULTS
Sixteen patients with median gestational age 24 weeks (IQR, 23–25 weeks) received SMOF for median 76 days (IQR, 52–130 days). Fourteen patients had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring surgical intervention and 15 patients received SOLE for median 19 days (IQR, 14–26 days) prior to switching to SMOF. Median docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels were elevated, whereas the remaining fatty acid levels fell within reported reference ranges. There were no incidents of essential fatty acid deficiency (triene to tetraene ratio &gt;0.2) or hypertriglyceridemia (TG &gt;200 mg/dL) with a general downtrend in DB after the first month on SMOF. All growth Z-scores declined throughout hospital stay.

CONCLUSIONS
Infants who received SMOF had a more pronounced elevation in DHA than EPA, of which the clinical significance remains unknown. Growth Z-scores declined with SMOF but were confounded by a high prevalence of surgically treated NEC.
Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among adolescents in China during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Qi Han , Liu Rui , Feng Yuan , Luo Jia , Lei Si Man , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Chen Xu , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: November 2021

Background
The outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) had a detrimental impact on adolescents’ daily life and studying, which could increase the risk of depression. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) among Chinese adolescents and its associated factors.

Methods
An online survey was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Adolescents aged 11–20 years who currently lived in China were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected with the “SurveyStar” platform using the Snowball Sampling method. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results
A total of 9,554 adolescents participated in the study. The prevalence of depression was 36.6% (95% CI [35.6%–37.6%]); the prevalence of mild and moderate-severe depression was 9.2% (95% CI [8.9%–9.5%]) and 27.4% (95% CI [26.9%–27.9%]), respectively. Female gender (OR = 1.235, P < 0.001), senior secondary school grade (OR = 1.513, P < 0.001), sleep duration of <6 h/day (OR = 2.455, P < 0.001), and living in Hubei province (total number of infected cases > 10,000) (OR = 1.245, P = 0.038) were significantly associated with higher risk of depression. Concern about COVID-19 (OR = 0.632, P < 0.001), participating in distance learning (OR = 0.728, P = 0.001), sleep duration of >8 h/day (OR = 0.726, P < 0.001), exercise of >30 min/day, and study duration of ≥4 h/day (OR = 0.835, P < 0.001) were associated with lower risk of depression.

Conclusion
Depression was common among adolescents in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering the negative impact of depression on daily life and health outcomes, timely screening and appropriate interventions are urgently needed for depressed adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Hypertension care cascade in the Ingwavuma rural community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa
Authors: Chikafu Herbert , Chimbari Moses 
Published: November 2021

Background
Treatment and control of hypertension are associated with a substantial reduction in adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. Although South Africa aims to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases, there is limited evidence on the hypertension care cascade (HCC) performance in rural areas where stroke and hypertension are high. This study estimated HCC performance and identified predictors of hypertension screening among adults in the Ingwavuma community of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire from 400 adult participants, excluding pregnant women and those with physical or cognitive impairments. Three hundred and ninety-three participants had complete data, and 131 had high blood pressure. We calculated progression rates for screening, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension from the sub-sample of participants with high blood pressure and assessed the bivariate association between HCC stages and participant characteristics and their effect sizes. We used binary and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of hypertension screening.

Results
Eighty-eight per cent of participants reported prior screening for hypertension. However, only 53.5% of patients under pharmacological treatment for hypertension had controlled blood pressure. In bivariate regression, employed participants were 80.3% (COR = 0.197, 95% CI [0.042–0.921]) more likely to be screened. In multivariable regression, the likelihood of hypertension screening was 82.4% (AOR = 0.176, 95% CI [0.047–0.655]) lower among participants in a cohabiting union than single participants. Similarly, employed participants were 87.4% (AOR = 0.129, 95% CI [0.017–0.952]) less likely to be screened than their unemployed counterparts.

Conclusions
The considerable attrition from the HCC across socio-demographic categories indicates a need for community-wide interventions. Empowering health care workers for community-based health promotion and hypertension management through point-of-care diagnostic tools could improve HCC performance. Efforts to improve the HCC should also focus on social determinants of health, notably gender and formal educational attainment.
Current state of infection and prevalence of giardiasis in Malaysia: a review of 20 years of research
Authors: Roshidi Norhamizah , Mohd Hassan Nur Hassanah , Abdul Hadi Asma , Arifin Norsyahida 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundGiardiasis is a neglected parasitic zoonotic disease caused byGiardia duodenalisthat is often overlooked despite the damage inflicted upon humans and domestic/wild animals. Lack of surveillance studies, low sensitivity of diagnostic tools, and resistance to giardiasis treatment add to the challenge in managing giardiasis, leaving a gap that continues to render giardiasis a silent threat to public health worldwide. This situation is not much different in Malaysia, where giardiasis remains a public health problem, especially in the indigenous communities. Realizing the existence of gaps in the literature and information on giardiasis in Malaysia, this review aims to revisit and update the situation of giardiasis in Malaysia based on articles published in 20 years from 2000 to 2020, providing estimates on the incidence of giardiasis in humans, animals, and the environment, which may inform efforts to prevent and control the impact of giardiasis in the country.MethodologyWe searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus using MeSH terms and text keywords “Giardia duodenalisORGiardia intestinalisORGiardia lambliaOR intestinal protozoa AND Malaysia”. Information was collected from all giardiasis reports published between 2000 and 2020.ResultsGiardiasis in Malaysia is more prevalent among the poorest segments of the population, namely the indigenous communities and people living in densely populated areas such as slums and prisons, due to low standard of personal hygiene, unsafe water resources, and improper sanitation. While the prevalence data is hugely dependent on microscopic fecal examination in epidemiological studies of giardiasis, current studies mostly focused on species identification and genotype distribution by multilocus genotyping. Thus far, the outbreak of giardiasis has not been reported in the country, but the disease was found to be significantly associated with stunting, wasting, and malnutrition among children of the indigenous communities. Surveillance studies also discovered the simultaneous presence ofGiardiain the animal-environments, including wild animals, ruminants, and treated and untreated water. The data collected here will be a useful addition to the literature body on giardiasis in Malaysia, which can be exploited in efforts to prevent and control the impact of giardiasis in the country.ConclusionsThe last 10 years have shown that the overall mean rate of giardiasis in Malaysia is quite encouraging at 13.7%. While this figure appears to be declining, there has been a slight increase in the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among rural children in 2019. The fact that giardiasis is linked to long-term childhood developmental problems, indicates that addressing and providing better disease control against giardiasis should be a priority in supporting the national agenda to achieve Malaysia Global Nutrition Targets by 2025.
Akulturasi Budaya Pada Interior Gereja Katolik (Studi Kasus: Gereja Gemma Galgani Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat)
Authors: Oscarina Karin , Tulistyantoro Lintu , Kattu Grace Setiati 
Published: November 2021

Gereja Gemma Galgani Ketapang adalah gereja katolik yang sangat unik. Gereja ini mencerminkan sebuah akulturasi budaya lokal yang tampak pada ornamen dan elemen yang diaplikasikan pada interiornya. Budaya lokal yang diterapkan pada elemen dan ornamen adalah budaya Dayak. Ornamen Dayak tidak hanya sekedar memenuhi estetika, elemen tersebut tentunya memiliki makna yang dalam sesuai dengan konteks masyarakatnya. Permasalahan muncul apakah elemen dekoratif tersebut sejalan dengan kepercayaan agama Katolik? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan komparasi. Data dicapai dengan cara melakukan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dengan pakar. Analisa dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan antara data lapangan, literatur dan pendapat pakar melalui pentabelan. Percampuran budaya Dayak dengan Katolik terlihat baik fisik maupun non fisik, seperti pada pola organisasi ruang yang sama dengan struktur Batang Garing yang merupakan kepercayaan agama Kaharingan. Penggunaan warna dan ornamen elemen pembentuk ruang dan perabot terdapat motif Dayak yang memiliki persamaan makna dengan kepercayaan Katolik. Kesamaan tidak hanya pada visualisasi tetapi lebih menekankan kepada makna dari ornamen tersebut.
Internet of Things (IoT): An Introduction
Authors: Xu Li D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) has provided a promising opportunity to build powerful industrial systems and applications by leveraging the growing ubiquity of radio‐frequency identification (RFID), wireless, mobile, and sensor devices. IoT integrates various devices equipped with identification, sensing, networking, communication, and processing capabilities as a complex cyber‐physical system. A wide range of industrial IoT applications has been developed and deployed in recent years. Industries have a strong interest in deploying more IoT devices to develop industrial applications. In an effort to understand the development of IoT in industries, this article introduces the recent research on IoT from the industrial perspective. We firstly introduce the background and the fundamental enabling technologies that are used in IoT. Next, we present some key industrial applications of IoT. Afterward, we introduce the future trends associated with IoT, including research in 5G and 6G and their implications to IoT in the future. The current trend is the widespread adoption of 5G; meanwhile, 6G emerges. IoT of Everything will be realized when 6G comes. Due to the rapid advances in technology and improved industrial infrastructure, IoT is expected to be widely implemented in industries.
Functional Reconstitution of Dopamine D2 Receptor into a Supported Model Membrane in a Nanometric Confinement
Authors: Nagai Rurika , Sugimachi Ayane , Tanimoto Yasushi , Suzuki Kenichi G. N. , Hayashi Fumio , Weikert Dorothee , Gmeiner Peter , Kasai Rinshi S. , Morigaki Kenichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDopamine D2 receptor (D2R), a G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), plays critical roles in neural functions and represents the target for a wide variety of drugs used to treat neurological diseases. However, its fundamental physicochemical properties, such as dimerization and affinity to different lipid environments, remain unknown. Here, reconstitution and characterization of D2R in a supported model membrane in nanometric confinement are reported. D2R is expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and transferred into the supported model membrane as cell membrane blebs. D2R molecules are reconstituted with an elevated density in the cleft between the substrate and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer. Reconstituted D2R retains the physiological functions, as evaluated from its binding to an antagonist and dimerization lifetime. The transient dimer formation of D2R, similar to the live cell, suggests that it is an innate property that does not depend on the cellular structures such as actin filaments. Although the mechanism of this unique reconstitution process is currently not fully understood, the finding points to a new possibility of using a nanometric space (<100 nm thick) as a platform for reconstituting and studying membrane proteins under the quasi‐physiological conditions, which are difficult to be created by other methods.
Unleash the Capacity Potential of LiFePO4 through Rocking‐Chair Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Ma Zhong , Zuo Zhijun , Li Lin , Li Yuning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is still a considerable gap between the actual and theoretical capacities of the commercial cathode material LiFePO4 (LFP) for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a new strategy to release the full capacity of LFP through the rocking‐chair coordination chemistry is reported. Specifically, the zinc acetate‐diethanolamine complex (Zn(OAc)2·DEA) is used as a functional binder for the LFP cathode, where the N atom of DEA can coordinate with Zn2+, Fe2+, or Fe3+. The bond strength sequence is Fe3+–N > Zn2+–N > Fe2+–N, which makes the N atom swing between Fe3+ on the surface of FePO4 in the charged state and Zn2+ of Zn(OAc)2 in the discharged state. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the adsorption of DEA reduces the surface bandgap and the energy barriers of Li+ diffusion along the [010] direction of LFP, which promotes electronic conduction and Li+ diffusion, respectively. The Zn(OAc)2·DEA‐based LFP electrode achieves a high capacity of 169 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, which approaches the theoretical value of 170 mAh g−1. The electrode also has excellent cycling performance, showing a low capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle over 1500 cycles at 5C.
Strain Engineering of Magnetic Anisotropy in Epitaxial Films of Cobalt Ferrite
Authors: Onoda Hiroshige , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Inoue Jun‐Ichiro , Yanagihara Hideto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) energy up to Ku = 6.1 ± 0.8 MJm−3 is demonstrated in this study by inducing large lattice distortion exceeding 3% at room temperature in epitaxially distorted cobalt ferrite Co0.73Fe2.18O4 (001) thin films. Although the thin film materials include no rare‐earth elements or noble metals, the observed Ku is larger than that of the neodymium‐iron‐boron compounds for high‐performance permanent magnets. The large PMA is attributed to the significantly enhanced magneto‐elastic effects, which are pronounced in distorted films with epitaxial lattice structures upon introducing a distortion control layer of composition Mg2−xSn1+xO4. Surprisingly, the induced Ku can be quantitatively explained in terms of the agreement between the local crystal field of Co2+ and the phenomenological magneto‐elastic model, indicating that the linear response of induced Ku is sufficiently valid even under lattice distortions as large as 3.2%. Controlling tetragonal lattice deformation using a non‐magnetic spinel layer for ferrites could be a promising protocol for developing materials with large magnetic anisotropies.
Oriented Catalytic Oxidation Induced Fabrication of CuO/Mn3O4 Hierarchical Arrays as Binder‐Free Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Huang Mengqiu , Shi Kun , Xu Zhengjie , Lin Yuping , Jiang Miaomiao , Yang Zeheng , Wu Guoqing , Chen Huayong , Zhang Weixin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, the authors report the fabrication of copper oxide/manganese oxide (CuO/Mn3O4) hierarchical arrays on Cu substrate via an oriented catalytic oxidation combined with subsequent annealing. Based on an ingenious oriented catalytic oxidation process, abundant CuO/Mn3O4 nanosheets are directionally modified on the surface of Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays which are uniformly grown on the Cu substrate. Through subsequent annealing treatment in an N2 atmosphere, CuO/Mn3O4 nanorod arrays are fabricated with tuned oxygen vacancies. The 3D hybrid nanoarray structure with advantages of enhanced electron transfer, a large exposed surface area, and robust structure stability can address the drawbacks associated with bare CuO electrodes. As a result, the as‐prepared CuO/Mn3O4 nanoarray electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, delivering a high specific capacitance of 433 mF cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2 (1732 F g−1 at 20 A g−1), and achieving a long cycling lifespan with 144% capacitance retention at 20 mA cm−2 after 20 000 cycles. Interestingly, this facile oriented catalytic oxidation strategy can be extended to prepare other metal oxides/hydroxides (Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, or mixed ions based) on the surface of Cu(OH)2 nanorod templates respectively, manifesting its versatility for preparing CuO‐based hybrid nanorod arrays on the Cu substrate.
Multi‐Element Surface Coating of Layered Ni‐Rich Oxide Cathode Materials and Their Long‐Term Cycling Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dreyer Sören L. , Kretschmer Katja R. , Tripković Đorđije , Mazilkin Andrey , Chukwu Richard , Azmi Raheleh , Hartmann Pascal , Bianchini Matteo , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe energy density of layered oxide cathode materials increases with their Ni content, while the stability decreases and degradation becomes more severe. A common strategy to mitigate or prevent degradation is the application of protective coatings on the particle surfaces. In this article, a room‐temperature, liquid‐phase reaction of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with adsorbed moisture on either LiNi0.85Co0.10Mn0.05O2 or LiNiO2, yielding a hybrid coating that shows synergetic benefits compared to coatings from TMA and TEOS individually, is reported. The surface layer is investigated in long‐term pouch full‐cell studies as well as by electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, demonstrating that it prevents degradation primarily by a fluorine‐scavenging effect, and by reducing the extent of rock salt‐type phase formation.
Multilayered Adsorption of Commensal Microflora on Implant Surfaces: an Unconventional and Innovative Method to Prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biomaterials
Authors: Rahim Muhammad Imran , Doll Katharina , Stumpp Nico S. , Eisenburger Michael , Stiesch Meike 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiomaterials may be colonized with infectious biofilms and this frequently leads to progressive loss of tissue. Bacteria encased within biofilms resist antibiotics and the host immune system. With life‐threatening complications and the antibiotic resistance crisis, novel therapeutic approaches are essentially required to treat biofilm infections. Commensal microflora—particularly streptococci—modulate the immune system's ability to protect from pathogens. In imitation of this natural phenomenon, the present study describes a novel method of applying the commensal, Streptococcus oralis, as a coating on implants to prevent infectious biofilms. Implants are coated with a simple thermal process to circumvent sepsis persuaded by live microflora and for a stable multilayered coating. Titanium discs coated with S. oralis antagonize the biofilm‐making capabilities of single, dual, or multispecies periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Veillonella dispar, and Actinomyces naeslundii—under both static and flow conditions. The bacterial adhesion force measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) reduces on coated titanium suggesting that electrostatic interactions are mainly responsible for the decrease in maximum adhesion peak. Importantly, S. oralis coated implants are compatible with human gingival fibroblasts. S. oralis coating may provide a potent novel approach to prevent potentially fatal biofilm infections on biomaterials.