bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, division and discontent in informal markets: insights from Kampala
Authors: Young Graeme 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores the recent history of Owino Market in Kampala, Uganda, to analyse the constraints to agency that exist in the informal economy. Detailing conflicts over market management and development in Owino, it argues that agency in the informal economy must be understood in reference to the economic divisions that exist within the informal sphere and the political divisions that characterise urban governance. The interaction of the two, as Owino illustrates, can severely circumscribe the ability of informal vendors to act in ways that allow them to participate in urban development. In this case, ongoing efforts by the ruling party and executive to monopolise power in Kampala solidified and politicised internal market hierarchies defined by vending location and ownership and employment status, leading to conflicts that threatened the majority of vendors’ livelihoods and the viability of their economic activities. For many in the informal economy, these structural constraints to agency may be impossible to overcome.
Miscellaneous optical solitons in magneto-optic waveguides associated to the influence of the cross-phase modulation in instability spectra
Authors: Abbagari Souleymanou , Alphonse Houwe , Mukam Serge P , Inc Mustafa , Serge Doka Y , Bouetou Thomas B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
By employing the traveling-wave hypothesis to the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE), the constraint relation on metamaterials parameters and the auxiliary equation have been recovered successfully. Conjecturing the values of the coefficients of the auxiliary equation, a diversity of solutions have been constructed while respecting the conditions of existence of these solutions. By choosing adequate parameters, it is obtained W-shape bright, dark, kink, anti-kink like optical solitons for the CNLSE which controls waves in magneto-optic waveguides in the presence of cross-phase modulation (XMP). To deal with the influence of the XMP to Modulation Instability (MI), the linearization technique was adopted and the continuous wave (CW) solutions were used to obtaining the dispersion relation as well as the associated MI gain spectrum. The study of the MI gain spectrum have been done in the normal and anomalous dispersive regimes associated with zero-birefringence, linear-birefringence and circular birefringence. The MI gain spectrum curves illustrating the miscellaneous of optical solitons in the magneto-optic waveguides were obtained. It is noted that these results sufficiently illustrate the dynamic of the nonlinear optic fibers through the 3D and 2D spatiotemporal plot evolutions.
Closed-loop controlled compensation of thermal lensing in high-power thin-disk lasers using spherically deformable mirrors
Authors: Beirow Frieder , Schmidt Kevin , Sawodny Oliver , Graf Thomas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the closed-loop controlled compensation of the thermally induced lens in a high-power thin-disk oscillator to obtain fundamental-mode operation over a wide range of pump powers. The radius of the oscillating beam was measured in real time at the position of the thin-disk crystal. This signal was used by the control system to adapt the curvature of a spherically deformable mirror to maintain a constant radius of the oscillating laser beam.
Autoelectronic emission and charge relaxation of thorium ions implanted into a thin-film silicon oxide matrix
Authors: Borisyuk P V , Chubunova E V , Kolachevsky N N , Lebedinskii Yu Yu , Tkalya E V , Vasilyev O S , Yakovlev V P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An ensemble of thorium-229 ions embedded by pulsed laser implantation into a matrix of a broadband dielectric-silicon oxide is studied. The results of the experimental investigation of thorium ions’ lifetime as charged components of the Th+/SiO2/Si system formed immediately after laser implantation are presented. The modelled theoretical description takes into account the instantaneous charging of the surface via laser implantation followed by charge relaxation due to the effect of autoelectronic emission that leads to time dependent partial neutralization of the surface charge by tunneling electrons. It was found that the lifetime of Th+ ions on the SiO2 surface can exceed 10 s, which would be an attractive opportunity for studying the nuclear low-lying isomeric transition in the thorium-229 isotope.
Classification of visual comprehension based on EEG data using sparse optimal scoring
Authors: Ford Linda K , Borneman Joshua D , Krebs Julia , Malaia Evguenia A , Ames Brendan P 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective.Understanding and differentiating brain states is an important task in the field of cognitive neuroscience with applications in health diagnostics, such as detecting neurotypical development vs. autism spectrum or coma/vegetative state vs. locked-in state. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis is a particularly useful tool for this task as EEG data can detect millisecond-level changes in brain activity across a range of frequencies in a non-invasive and relatively inexpensive fashion. The goal of this study is to apply machine learning methods to EEG data in order to classify visual language comprehension across multiple participants.Approach.26-channel EEG was recorded for 24 Deaf participants while they watched videos of sign language sentences played in time-direct and time-reverse formats to simulate interpretable vs. uninterpretable sign language, respectively. Sparse optimal scoring (SOS) was applied to EEG data in order to classify which type of video a participant was watching, time-direct or time-reversed. The use of SOS also served to reduce the dimensionality of the features to improve model interpretability.Main results.The analysis of frequency-domain EEG data resulted in an average out-of-sample classification accuracy of 98.89%, which was far superior to the time-domain analysis. This high classification accuracy suggests this model can accurately identify common neural responses to visual linguistic stimuli.Significance.The significance of this work is in determining necessary and sufficient neural features for classifying the high-level neural process of visual language comprehension across multiple participants.
Current reversal of active particles in channel with time-oscillating boundaries
Authors: Lü Yan , Rong Zhijiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Directed transport of active particles in a two-dimensional asymmetrical periodic channel with time-oscillating boundaries is numerically investigated. It is found that the oscillation of the channel boundaries and the self-propulsion of active particles are two different types of non-equilibrium driving that can induce directional transport, the competition between the both determine the direction of the transport. Remarkably, for a given asymmetric parameter of the channel, the average velocity can change direction twice on changing the oscillating frequency due to the competition of the oscillation of the channel boundaries and the self-propulsion. Additionally, we find that the particles with different self-propulsion velocities or rotational diffusion coefficients will move in opposite direction and can be separated.
Parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic modules using various optimization techniques: a review
Authors: Maniraj B , Peer Fathima A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Parameter extraction of the solar module is essential for performance analysis, efficiency calculation and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the PV system. This paper makes a detailed analysis of parameter extraction from the solar PV system through application of optimization techniques based on single and two-diode models. The characteristics of PV panel are investigated using power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) curves. To identification of circuit model parameters of PV panel has been done by its representation of an electrical equivalent circuit which consists of a current source in parallel with diodes. The important parameters of solar PV system are Photo current (Iph
), Reverse saturation current (Io/Io1and Io2), Diode ideality factor (A/A
1 and A
2), Series resistor (Rs
) and parallel resistor (Rp
). The difficulties in extracting parameters from solar PV modules are referred to as parameter estimation problems and form the focus for many researchers. This paper may be useful for researchers and PV panel designers in making precise PV panels with the help of suitable optimization techniques available in the literature.
Variable Parametric Pulse Width Modulation Scheme Applied to Harmonic Current Regulation using Shunt Active Harmonic Filter in Distribution Network
Authors: Balamurugan P. , Senthil Kumar N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive carrier based pulse width modulation scheme for controlling current output of shunt active harmonic filter (SAHF) is proposed. The control strategy adapts the magnitude of the carrier signal in accordance with the modulation signal so as to generate appropriate pulse width for SAHF for synthesizing desired harmonic current at the point of common coupling (PCC). The technique adapted considers the error magnitude and polarity with the feedback of generated pulse width modulated(PWM) signals. To ameliorate the tracking of reference current, with fast response and defined switching frequency, the variable parametric PWM technique (VP-PWM) is implemented and validated for a distribution network feeding a balanced/unbalanced nonlinear loads. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated using MATLAB/Simulink based simulations and the controller performance metrics are evaluated. The results proves the feasibilityand effectiveness of the proposed control strategy to operate with SAHFin regulating current harmonics in the distribution network.
Passive Cell Balancing of Li-Ion batteries used for Automotive Applications
Authors: Samaddar Neil , Senthil Kumar N , Jayapragash R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to the increasing demand of Li-ion batteries in automobiles and home applications due to their high volumetric energy density, high gravimetric energy density, low self-discharge and high efficiency. However, due to their high energy carrying capability, they tend to be more unstable compared to other batteries like lead acid batteries and hence need extensive monitoring to make sure they are operating within their specified safe operating limits; failing to do so may result in fire hazards and explosions. Hence this creates a demand for sophisticated Battery Management System (BMS) which will not only optimize power draw from the batteries but also keep them operating within safe limits, thus not putting the users at risk. This research paper begins with battery modelling using passive components and discusses the major factors which are important while designing an effective BMS. It also provides simulation to help better understand the functioning of a BMS.
Implementation of Cuk Converter with dSPACE1103 controller
Authors: Santra Tinoy , Gupta Ritik , Gunabalan R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses a simple approach for the implementation of closed loop control of Cuk converter in real time using dSPACE1103 controller. The control algorithm and the proportional integral controller (PI) are constructed in MATLAB simulink with dSPACE blocksets. The converter is designed with a power rating of 18 W with 30 V output voltage for LED driver applications for an input of 12 V DC supply. The Cuk converter and the driver circuits are designed and fabricated in real time. The circuit is tested under different running conditions. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the converter.
Tidal Current Energy for Indian Coastal Lines – A State Art of Review
Authors: Vyshnavi P , Venkatesan Nithya , Samad A. , Avital E.J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
India has about 7500 km of coastal lines with a significant potential to harvest marine energy. Tidal energy, one of the types of marine energy that emerges has a practical option to supply reliable and renewable energy to the Indian coastal areas. This paper focuses on tidal current turbines that can be adapted to various potential sites available along Indian coasts. Tidal energy projects all over the world and the type of turbines used by their applications are presented. This is followed by preliminary analysis of the Indian sites that includes current speeds and depth, possible adoption of current tidal current technology to those sites and the likely power output. Finally, challenges facing those who adopt the current technology are briefly discussed.
Conduction Angle Control of Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Sherla Pramesh B , Gupta Harshabh , Thite Jayshree , Jayapragash R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a microcontroller based closed loop speed control of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive powered through Asymmetric Half Bridge Converter (AHBC). Conduction angle control method is adopted for speed control and it is done by adjusting the duty cycle of PWM signal using a potentiometer. The performance comparison of speed control of SRM drive through single switch per phase converter and AHBC is performed with the help of soft chopping in conduction angle control method.
Analysis of tubular joint of offshore structure
Authors: Santosh Sawant Sanket , Dr. Muthumani K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Jacket of an offshore structure is made up of tubular members. These tubular members are made up of steel and designed to resist yield and buckling loads. The tubular sections form various types of joints like K joint, KT joint, Y joint, etc. These joints are subjected to various types of cyclic loading conditions, due to which fatigue failure starts and increases as the time passes. As a result, the most critical section of the jacket fails first epically joint. The excessive strains due to axial forces, in-plane, and out plane bending moment accelerate the failure mechanism. In this paper, the comparative study is made between K joint and KT joint for the same loading conditions is made by selecting a finite method approach. By referring to API RP 2A and DNV RP C203. The observations are made on the behavior of joints for the same loading conditions, to the made conclusion of this project. Keywords: K Joint, KT joint, Axial force, in plane bending moment, out plane Bending moment, API RP 2A, DNV RP C203
Structural Integrity of RCC Modular Concrete Structure
Authors: Reddy Kuncham Seshananda , Ramesh Kannan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The structural integrity of composite structural elements is very significant. This corroborates for RCC modular reinforced concrete structural systems as well. In this research, a detailed 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of commonly built RCC modular concrete system is perceived. The FEA of RCC modular concrete structure is carried out using an industrial standard cutting edge software. This is a comprehensive attempt on the modelling and analysis of RCC modular concrete structure as per BIS standard.
Multi criteria decision making approach for selection of biodiesel blend using AHP-TOPSIS analysis
Authors: Sunil Chaitanya G , Raj Kumar M , Deivanathan R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Due to globalization, the demand for fossil fuels has exponentially raised and pollution level in ozone also increased. This causes awareness, leading the researchers to study about various renewable energy sources. In that extensive research, bio-diesel blends form a small part of business and are playing a vital role in developing an alternative fuel for automotive usage, which will be more efficient, balanced, and less pollutant. This research study deals with the use of a multi criteria decision making techniques called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS to analyse and rank the different blends of biodiesel from the engine performance data. For acquiring data, for ranking the biofuel, a 4-stroke test engine was fuelled with Pungam oil biodiesel and operated at various engine rpm and torques. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is basically to analyse the performance and emission of the IC engine. Here, separate models are developed for emission characteristics. To rank the best fuel blend, the biodiesel blend percentage and engine load conditions are used as the input data, while the exhaust emissions parameters such as NOx, smoke, CO2, HC, etc. are considered as the output. From the comparison of results of the AHP-TOPSIS method, the B20 blend is the best option for low engine loads while B80 shows up as the best option at high engine loads.
Welding Defect Identification with Machine Vision System using Machine Learning
Authors: Praveen Kumar R , Deivanathan R , Jegadeeshwaran R 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFriction stir welding is a solid-state joining process to join similar or dissimilar metals, which uses the friction developed between the metals to join them. Friction stir welding is an efficient way to join the metals but the welding defects are a little difficult to find through naked eyes. Hence, there is a chance of it being unnoticed even in final inspection in industries. So the welded joints are inspected by machine vision, using camera and an intelligent system. After obtaining the images of the welded joints and processing them using MATLAB, they are differentiated according to the various defects in them, using machine learning technique. For this, the statistical features of the image are extracted and they are classified into different defects using classifiers like Decision Trees, Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine and Nearest Neighbour.
Multi-phase simulation of semi-submersible platform with pencil column using CFD
Authors: Rohit K , Sharan V , Ravishankar M , Bhuvaneshwar D , Harish R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper reports based on a numerical study of multiphase fluid flow through a channel with a semi-submersible platform using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The present study will be designing and analysing semisubmersible platform with pencil column and without pencil column. The computational fluid dynamics which solves simple differential equations and finite volume method (FVM) will be used. A turbulence model is considered i.e. large eddy simulation (LES). The semi-submersible model is designed as pontoons, columns, horizontal brace, pencil column and deck. The pontoons are horizontal placed stadium shaped structures which are submerged into the water. The columns are structures which connects the deck and pontoons. The horizontal braces are structures which connects the two or more columns which increases the rigidity of the columns. The pencil columns are columns with lesser diameter of about 0.25D which are placed between the columns. The deck are flat surfaces which provides workable area. This paper is a comparison of fluid flow by varying the model i.e. with and without pencil column in the semi-submersible platform. The velocity contours, pressure contours and streamline contours are plotted. The difference in pressure, velocity and streamline flow are tabulated and graphically represented. The percentage difference in pressure and velocity are calculated for structural design for various offshore platforms.
CFD simulation of turbulent flow behaviour in a mixing reactor with Rushton impeller
Authors: Sharan V , Rohit K , Ravishankar M , Bhuvaneshwar D , Harish R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As in the current industrial process, mixing is an essential process for various streams of application in engineering fields. The aim of this paper is to predict flow behaviour of the mixing process in mixing tank with the Rushton impeller and find out the best suitable design that creates required turbulence for producing a better degree of homogeneity in mixing. The rotation of the impeller is modelled using MRF in a single-phase medium treating the walls with a no-slip boundary. The mixing characteristics of single and multiple impellers are investigated by varying the impeller speeds and the results of velocity and pressure contours are compared to identify the best impeller with enhanced mixing.
Turbulent thermal characteristics and air flow patterns in a naturally ventilated tunnel with roof openings
Authors: Mason Ashley A. , Harish R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Air flow is a major characteristic in the tunnel ventilation design, to avoid severe disasters like smoke suffocation problems in tunnel and fire accidents. Tunnels are best ways to reduce distance between two adjacent places. It may be underground or above ground, depending upon the usage of it. There are different types of tunnel ventilation, e.g. roof vents, side vents, mechanical ventilation, naturally ventilated etc. This paper majorly focuses on roof vents mass extraction with different sizes of the heat sources and it also records the horizontal and normal velocity for different sizes of heat sources. The Reynolds Number is low but still turbulence occurs when we deal with buoyant smoke keeping density as incompressible ideal gas. Ratio of height by width is taken into account and the transient air flow is simulated for 10 seconds, and mass flow is recorded at each time step of 0.1 seconds using Large Eddy turbulence Model to capture the flow physics. It is observed that with changing the heat source size, mass flow rate from each vent changes significantly and it drastically affects the air flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics inside the tunnel.
Product defect categorization using machine vision through machine learning
Authors: Karthikeyan G , Naveen Monagari , Jegadeeshwaran R , Sakthivel G , Saravanakumar D , Lakshmipathi J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
O-rings are among the seals most often used in the industry. O-rings accuracy measurement and inspection play a significant role in seal quality control. Human tests can be unpredictable and can take time. The goal of this paper is to use detection algorithms based on machine vision technology to monitor the O-rings norm, which also has the correct measurement rule and the classification rule. During this, we find an entirely different variety of good defects, Material shortage, Bounce, Spiral, and Breakage. Extract values for the elements by using MATLAB. Feature selection optimization attribute choice with MATLAB and classification exploitation of KNN, SVM, call Trees and alternative classifier variety with MATLAB is performed to check for the utmost prediction precision. To evaluate the recorded images of O-rings and conduct the measurement and inspection processes a computer vision program is applied. Then the GUI system is built to interface the user with the credibility of accessing the trained model. The proposed GUI is tested via a sequence of O-rings being checked.
Modelling and Control of Air Bellow based Active Suspension System
Authors: Muthukumar M , Arjun S V , Saravanakumar D , Sakthivel G , Jegadeeshwaran R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a complete design and simulation of active suspension actuated using pneumatic air bellow. The electronic controlled active suspension will control all vertical force acting from road surface by regulating the air mass of bellow. Quarter car active suspension is modelled and analysed using Matlab-Simulink. The output of designed active suspension system is simulated under standard road input that gives the response of the suspension to varied roughness of road surface. From the results it is evident that proposed active suspension system can suppress more than 60% than standard passive suspension system.