bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary tumor resection improves survival in patients with multifocal intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on a population study
Authors: Yin Linlin , Zhao Si , Zhu Hanlong , Ji Guozhong , Zhang Xiuhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of surgery on the survival and prognosis of patients with multifocal intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Patients with multifocal ICCA were selected from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database between 2010 and 2016. Kaplan–Meier analyses and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the difference in survival between the surgery group and the non-surgery group. We applied the Cox proportional hazards regression model to identify prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). In total, 580 patients were enrolled in our study, including 151 patients who underwent surgery and 429 patients who did not. The median survival time of surgical patients was longer than non-surgical patients (OS: 25 months vs. 8 months, p < 0.001; CSS: 40 months vs. 25 months, p < 0.001). Similarly, the 5-year survival rate in the surgery group was significantly higher than those in the non-surgery group (5-year OS rate: 12.91% vs. 0%; p < 0.001; 5-year CSS rate:26.91% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the OS (HR:0.299, 95% CI: 0.229–0.390, p < 0.001) and CSS (HR:0.305, 95% CI:0.222–0.419, p < 0.001) of patients undergoing surgical resection were significantly improved. Meanwhile, after propensity score matching (PSM) of the original data, we come to the same conclusion.
Organosilicon uptake by biological membranes
Authors: Beekman Pepijn , Enciso-Martinez Agustin , Pujari Sidharam P. , Terstappen Leon W. M. M. , Zuilhof Han , Le Gac Séverine , Otto Cees 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganosilicon compounds are ubiquitous in everyday use. Application of some of these compounds in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals is widespread on the assumption that these materials are not systemically absorbed. Here the interactions of various organosilicon compounds (simeticone, hexamethyldisilazane and polydimethylsiloxane) with cell membranes and models thereof were characterized with a range of analytical techniques, demonstrating that these compounds were retained in or on the cell membrane. The increasing application of organosilicon compounds as replacement of other plastics calls for a better awareness and understanding of these interactions. Moreover, with many developments in biotechnology relying on organosilicon materials, it becomes important to scrutinize the potential effect that silicone leaching may have on biological systems.
Do No Harm: Graduate Admissions Letters of Recommendation and Unconscious Bias
Authors: Newkirk-Turner Brandi L. , Hudson Thomas K. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Faculty members commonly write letters of recommendation (LOR) for students. Although letters can be helpful, they may do more harm if they include language that can negatively bias readers. The purpose of this article is to examine LORs written for Black applicants to speech-language pathology graduate programs for the presence of phrases that may bias readers (PBRs).

Method:
Using data from our program, we analyzed LORs for evidence of bias.

Results:
Across the 161 LORs, there were 202 instances of PBRs. The most PBRs were grindstone adjectives and doubt raisers/hedges. PBRs were not related to applicants' GPA, undergraduate institution type, or LOR word length. PBRs were related to admission offers.

Conclusions:
Results suggest a negative impact of PBRs in LORs written for Black applicants. Implications are discussed and recommendations for writing less-biased LORs are provided.
Secrecy performance analysis for the mixed RF/VLC cooperative relaying systems
Authors: Xie Wenwu , Liao Jianwu , Yang Jinxia , Zhu Peng , Yang Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the authors consider the security performance for the mixed radio frequency link and visible‐light link cooperative relaying system, where the relay has the energy collection ability and can extract the direct current part existing in the visible‐light signal. Then, the relay uses the collected energy to demodulate the received visible‐light signal and retransmit it through the radio frequency link. With this equipment, some analytical expressions of the average secrecy capacity and the secrecy outage probability are derived. Furthermore, the asymptotic expression is also derived to examine the influence of the various configuration parameters on the secrecy performance of the mixed relaying system. At last, some numerical and simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Joint Power allocation and target detection in distributed MIMO radars
Authors: Jebali Safieh , Keshavarz Hengameh , Allahdadi Mehdi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere, a power allocation method jointly optimising the total transmit power and the probability of interception is proposed based on target detection applications in distributed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radars. Power allocation is performed by solving a non‐linear constrained optimisation problem formulated to minimise the total transmit power based on target detection applications. Then, the Neyman‐Pearson detector is designed under the Rayleigh scatter model and the Lagrangian method is used to solve the optimisation problem. Moreover, a positioning algorithm optimising the placement of transmitters and receivers in distributed MIMO radars is applied to minimise the total transmit power satisfying the target detection criterion. The results show that uniform power allocation is not the optimal strategy and the proposed power allocation algorithm provides either better target detection performance for the same power budget, or requires less power to provide the same detection performance. Numerical simulations and the theoretic analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
An adaptive fault diagnosis method of power transformers based on combining oversampling and cost‐sensitive learning
Authors: Zhang Lijing , Sheng Gehao , Hou Huijuan , Zhou Nan , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDissolved gas analysis is an important technique for the insulation condition assessment and incipient fault diagnosis of power transformers. However, the performance of the traditional ratio methods can be hardly improved due to the overreliance on absolute ratio threshold. In this paper, a novel method combining oversampling and cost‐sensitive learning is proposed to improve the diagnosis accuracy of all fault types of transformers. The radial‐based oversampling (RBO) method is adopted to synthesise samples for the complex fault classes. With the newly generated samples, the deep belief network (DBN) can effectively learn the features of complex fault classes and distinguish them from the other fault classes. Moreover, by integrating a cost matrix into the loss function, the parameters of DBN are adaptively updated so as to ensure the correct classification of the fault class with less samples. Based on the oversampling and cost‐sensitive learning, the proposed method can form suitable classification boundaries amongst thermal, discharge and complex fault classes. The effectiveness and generalisation capability of the proposed method are verified by case studies in a real‐world fault dataset of power transformers with multi‐source samples. The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the classification accuracies in all fault classes, especially in the complex fault classes. The overall accuracy can be reach over 90% by applying both RBO and cost‐sensitive learning.
Deep reflector prime focus feed for space communication
Authors: Galuscak Rastislav , Crauwels Walter , Hazdra Pavel , Kabourek Vaclav , Mazanek Milos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, design of a prime‐focus feed for a deep reflector, Earth–Moon–Earth space communication system is described. The feed is based on a circular waveguide equipped with two chokes in order to minimise sidelobes and illuminate the deep dish with a high aperture efficiency of . Based on sun noise measurements, it is estimated that the antenna system presents very low noise temperature values, below 30 K, making this feed favourable for space communication.
The mass function dependence on the dynamical state of dark matter haloes
Authors: Seppi R. , Comparat J. , Nandra K. , Bulbul E. , Prada F. , Klypin A. , Merloni A. , Predehl P. , Ider Chitham J. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Galaxy clusters are luminous tracers of the most massive dark matter haloes in the Universe. To use them as a cosmological probe, a detailed description of the properties of dark matter haloes is required.Aims.We characterize how the dynamical state of haloes impacts the dark matter halo mass function at the high-mass end (i.e., for haloes hosting clusters of galaxies).Methods.We used the dark matter-only MultiDark suite of simulations and the high-mass objectsM > 2.7 × 1013 M⊙ h−1therein. We measured the mean relations of concentration, offset, and spin as a function of dark matter halo mass and redshift. We investigated the distributions around the mean relations. We measured the dark matter halo mass function as a function of offset, spin, and redshift. We formulated a generalized mass function framework that accounts for the dynamical state of the dark matter haloes.Results.We confirm the recent discovery of the concentration upturn at high masses and provide a model that predicts the concentration for different values of mass and redshift with one single equation. We model the distributions around the mean values of concentration, offset, and spin with modified Schechter functions. We find that the concentration of low-mass haloes shows a faster redshift evolution compared to high-mass haloes, especially in the high-concentration regime. We find that the offset parameter is systematically smaller at low redshift, in agreement with the relaxation of structures at recent times. The peak of its distribution shifts by a factor of ∼1.5 fromz = 1.4 toz = 0. The individual models are combined into a comprehensive mass function model, which predicts the mass function as a function of spin and offset. Our model recovers the fiducial mass function with ∼3% accuracy at redshift 0 and accounts for redshift evolution up toz ∼ 1.5.Results.This new approach accounts for the dynamical state of the halo when measuring the halo mass function. It offers a connection with dynamical selection effects in galaxy cluster observations. This is key toward precision cosmology using cluster counts as a probe.
The ρ Ophiuchi region revisited with Gaia EDR3
Authors: Grasser Natalie , Ratzenböck Sebastian , Alves João , Großschedl Josefa , Meingast Stefan , Zucker Catherine , Hacar Alvaro , Lada Charles , Goodman Alyssa , Lombardi Marco , Forbes John C. , Bomze Immanuel M. , Möller Torsten 
Published: June 2021

Context. Young and embedded stellar populations are important probes of the star formation process. Their properties and the environments they create have the potential to affect the formation of new planets. Paradoxically, we have a better census of nearby embedded young populations than of the slightly more evolved optically visible young populations. The high accuracy measurements and all-sky coverage of Gaia data are about to change this situation.
Aims. This work aims to construct the most complete sample to date of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the ρ Oph region.
Methods. We compile a catalog of 1114 Ophiuchus YSOs from the literature and cross-match it with the Gaia EDR3, Gaia-ESO, and APOGEE-2 surveys. We apply a multivariate classification algorithm to this catalog to identify new, co-moving population candidates.
Results. We find 191 new high-fidelity YSO candidates in the Gaia EDR3 catalog belonging to the ρ Oph region. The new sources appear to be mainly Class III M stars and substellar objects and are less extincted than the known members, while we find that 28 of the previously unknown sources are YSOs with circumstellar disks (Class I or Class II). The analysis of the proper motion distribution of the entire sample reveals a well-defined bimodality, implying two distinct populations sharing a similar 3D volume. The first population comprises young stars’ clusters around the ρ Ophiuchi star and the main Ophiuchus clouds (L1688, L1689, L1709). In contrast, the second population is slightly older (∼10 Myr), more dispersed, has a distinct proper motion, and is possibly from the Upper Sco group. The two populations are moving away from each other at about 4.1 km s−1 and will no longer overlap in about 4 Myr. Finally, we flag 17 sources in the literature sample as likely impostors, which are sources that exhibit large deviations from the average properties of the ρ Oph population. Our results show the importance of accurate 3D space and motion information for improved stellar population analysis.
K-band GRAVITY/VLTI interferometry of “extreme” Herbig Be stars
Authors: Marcos-Arenal P. , Mendigutía I. , Koumpia E. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Vioque M. , Guzmán-Díaz J. , Wichittanakom C. , de Wit W. J. , Montesinos B. , Ilee J. D. 
Published: June 2021

Context.It has been hypothesized that the location of Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBes) within the empirical relation between the inner disk radius (rin), inferred fromK-band interferometry, and the stellar luminosity (L*), is related to the presence of the innermost gas, the disk-to-star accretion mechanism, the dust disk properties inferred from the spectral energy distributions (SEDs), or a combination of these effects. However, no general observational confirmation has been provided to date.Aims.This work aims to test whether the previously proposed hypotheses do, in fact, serve as a general explanation for the distribution of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram.Methods.GRAVITY/VLTI spectro-interferometric observations at ~2.2 μm have been obtained for five HBes representing two extreme cases concerning the presence of innermost gas and accretion modes. V590 Mon, PDS 281, and HD 94509 show no excess in the near-ultraviolet, Balmer region of the spectra (ΔDB), indicative of a negligible amount of inner gas and disk-to-star accretion, whereas DG Cir and HD 141926 show such strong ΔDBvalues that cannot be reproduced from magnetospheric accretion, but probably come from the alternative boundary layer mechanism. In turn, the sample includes three Group I and two Group II stars based on the Meeus et al. SED classification scheme. Additional data for these and all HAeBes resolved throughK-band interferometry have been compiled from the literature and updated usingGaiaEDR3 distances, almost doubling previous samples used to analyze the size–luminosity relation.Results.We find no general trend linking the presence of gas inside the dust destruction radius or the accretion mechanism with the location of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram. Similarly, our data do not support the more recent hypothesis linking such a location and the SED groups. Underlying trends are present and must be taken into account when interpreting the size–luminosity correlation. In particular, it cannot be statistically ruled out that this correlation is affected by dependencies of bothL*andrinon the wide range of distances to the sources. Still, it is argued that the size–luminosity correlation is most likely to be physically relevant in spite of the previous statistical warning concerning dependencies on distance.Conclusions.Different observational approaches have been used to test the main scenarios proposed to explain the scatter of locations of HAeBes in the size–luminosity diagram. However, none of these scenarios have been confirmed as a fitting general explanation and this issue remains an open question.
Personalisierte, genbasierte Ernährungsempfehlungen zur Gewichtsreduktion
Authors: Bayer Sandra , Holzapfel Christina 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIndividuelle Ernährungsempfehlungen sind auf dem Vormarsch, da wissenschaftliche Studien gezeigt haben, dass Menschen sehr individuell z. B. auf Mahlzeiten reagieren sowie die Gewichtsreduktion zwischen Personen sehr unterschiedlich ausfällt. Welche Rolle dabei Faktoren, wie z. B. Genetik, Stoffwechsel, Mikrobiom, spielen, ist aktueller Forschungsgegenstand.
Die Rolle der Stimulationsart für den weiblichen Orgasmus: Psychometrische Eigenschaften der deutschsprachigen Version der Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) und der Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS)
Authors: Hoy Madita , Villwock Pauline , Strauß Bernhard , Brenk-Franz Katja 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Ob Frauen Orgasmen erleben und welche subjektive Bedeutung diese haben, kann deutlich nach Stimulationsart variieren. Trotzdem wird Orgasmuserleben in Fragebögen häufig eindimensional erfasst, ohne auf die Stimulationsart einzugehen, was zu Verzerrungen der Antworten führen kann. Auch ob der Orgasmus eigenverantwortlich angestrebt wird, bleibt unbeachtet.Forschungsziele Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, eine sprachlich adaptierte Version der Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) und der Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS) zu erstellen und eine psychometrische Überprüfung an einer deutschen Stichprobe vorzunehmen.Methoden Die Female Orgasm Scale (FOS) erfasst, wie regelmäßig Orgasmen durch verschiedene Stimulationsarten (vaginaler Geschlechtsverkehr mit und ohne zusätzliche Klitorisstimulation, Stimulation durch die Hand des Partners, Oralsex, Selbststimulation) erlebt werden, sowie die Zufriedenheit mit Anzahl und Qualität der Orgasmen. Die Clitoris Self-Stimulation Scale (CSSS) erfasst das Verhalten, den Affekt und die Einstellung bezüglich Klitorisselbststimulation, um beim Sex mit dem Partner einen Orgasmus zu erleben. Mittels einer Online-Umfrage, die 412 Frauen bearbeiteten, wurden die Instrumente deskriptiv und faktorenanalytisch überprüft.Ergebnisse Es ergaben sich überwiegend gute Testgütekriterien, die interne Konsistenz der FOS-D ergab α = .77 und die der CSSS-D α = .81. Für die FOS-D konnten zwei Faktoren extrahiert werden: 1. Orgasmuskonsistenz durch vaginale Penetration und Orgasmuszufriedenheit und 2. Orgasmuskonsistenz durch klitorale Stimulationsarten. Für die CSSS-D ergab sich nur ein Faktor.Schlussfolgerung Die Instrumente können die Diagnostik und Therapie von sexuellen Funktionsstörungen der Frau unterstützen, da sie ein differenziertes Bild des Orgasmuserlebens sowie des damit verbundenen Verhaltens bei partnerschaftlicher Sexualität liefern.
Berufliche Teilhabe von syrischen Geflüchteten mit posttraumatischer Stress-Symptomatik in Deutschland
Authors: Gühne Uta , Jung Franziska , Röhr Susanne , Pabst Alexander , Grochtdreis Thomas , Dams Judith , Renner Anna , Nagl Michaela , Kersting Anette , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Darstellung der Erwerbssituation und Suche nach Determinanten der Erwerbstätigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Symptomschwere bei geflüchteten Menschen mit posttraumatischer Belastung.
Methodik Befragung 133 geflüchteter, in Deutschland lebender Menschen syrischer Herkunft mit posttraumatischer Belastungssymptomatik und explorative Datenanalyse.
Ergebnisse Nach knapp 4 Jahren im Asylland ist ein Viertel der Teilnehmenden (27,1 %) erwerbstätig. Dabei stehen einer erwerbstätigen Frau 6 erwerbstätige Männer gegenüber (13,9 % vs. 86,1 %; p = 0,001). Zusammenhänge zwischen psychischer Gesundheit und Erwerbstätigkeit ließen sich darstellen (posttraumatische Belastung p = 0,039, Depressivität p = 0,020, Somatisierung p = 0,026). Hinsichtlich sozialer Unterstützung, Traumaerleben sowie Aufenthaltsstatus und -dauer zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Geflüchteten mit und ohne Erwerbstätigkeit.
Schlussfolgerung Die aktuelle Analyse zur Erwerbssituation einer umschriebenen Gruppe syrischer Geflüchteter stellt die Bedeutung der psychischen Symptombelastung in den Mittelpunkt.
Knotless Suture Anchors: A Comparative Biomechanical Study of Acetabular Rim Anchor Fixation with Implications for Hip Labral Repair
Authors: Rowan Patrick D. , Cook James L. , Bezold Will A. , Skelley Nathan W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze relevant initial-implantation biomechanical properties of five knotless suture anchors available for use in acetabular labral repair. Five knotless suture anchor constructs were tested: Arthrex PushLock 2.9, Arthrex PushLock 2.4, Arthrex SutureTak 3.0, Stryker CinchLock SS 2.4, and Stryker CinchLock Flex 2.4. Anchors were placed in synthetic bone blocks and in acetabular bone of cadaveric specimens. Constructs were subjected to cyclic and load-to-failure (LTF) testing. Displacement at 1, 100, 250, and 500 cycles, yield load, ultimate load, and failure mode were compared with statistically significant (p < 0.005) differences. PushLock 2.9 mm and CinchLock SS 2.4 anchor constructs had significantly less displacement than PushLock 2.4 mm after 1 cycle (p = 0.017) and 500 cycles (p = 0.043). Excluding “tare” displacement after the first cycle, all anchor constructs were associated with less than 2.0 mm of displacement after 500 cycles. Arthrex PushLock 2.4 and SutureTak 3.0 had the highest number of failures prior to completing cyclic loading. Arthrex PushLock 2.9 was associated with the highest LTF in cadaver (p = 0.00013) and synthetic (p = 0.009) bone models. Most common failure mode in cadaver bone was eyelet failure for all anchor types. Knotless suture anchors used for arthroscopic hip surgery (2.9 mm PushLock, 2.4 mm PushLock, 3.0 mm SutureTak, 2.4 mm CinchLock SS, and 2.4 mm CinchLock Flex) were associated with material properties that met or exceeded the reported thresholds for successful periarticular soft tissue repair surgeries. Based on cyclic and LTF testing in synthetic bone blocks and cadaveric acetabulums, 2.9 mm PushLocks and 2.4 mm CinchLock SS anchors may have potential biomechanical advantages over the other constructs tested. Further functional ex vivo and preclinical animal model studies are recommended to further characterize suture anchor constructs designed for acetabular labrum repair. These results provide novel and relevant biomechanical testing data that contribute to assessing knotless suture anchor constructs for use in acetabular labral repair.
Environment and Culture, a Cross-Sectional Survey on Drivers of Burnout in Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Dalal Nupur N. , Gaydos Laura M. , Gillespie Scott E. , Calamaro Christina J. , Basu Rajit K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVery little data is available to understand the drivers of burnout amongst health care workers in the pediatric intensive care unit. This is a survey-based, cross-sectional, point-prevalence analysis within a single children's health system with two free-standing hospitals (one academic and one private) to characterize the relationship of demographics, organizational support, organizational culture, relationship quality, conflict and work schedules with self-reported burnout. Burnout was identified in 152 (39.7%) of the 383 (38.7%) respondents. No significant relationship was identified between burnout and demographic factors or work schedule. A more constructive culture (odds ratio [OR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.90; p < 0.001), more organizational support (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92–0.96; p <0 0.001), and better staff relationships (OR, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.43–0.69; p < 0.001) reduced odds of burnout. More conflict increased odds (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12–1.39; p < 0.001). Less organizational support (Z
β = 0.425) was the most important factor associated with burnout overall. A work environment where staff experience defensive cultures, poor relationships, more frequent conflict, and feel unsupported by the organization is associated with significantly higher odds of burnout in pediatric critical care. The effect of targeted interventions to promote constructive cultures, collegiality, and organizational support on burnout in pediatric intensive care should be studied.