bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phylogeographical framework for Zhangixalus gliding frogs, with insight on their plasticity of nesting behaviour
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Ambu Johanna , Prasad Vishal Kumar , Borzée Amaël , Litvinchuk Spartak N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Old World tree frogs from the family Rhacophoridae, one of the most species-rich groups of amphibians worldwide, are becoming a model in ecological and evolutionary research, notably for their tremendous diversity of breeding systems. In this study, we provide the most comprehensive temporally and spatially explicit phylogeographical framework for the tropical neo-genus Zhangixalus, with a specific focus on the evolution of inter- and intraspecific polymorphism in their egg-laying strategies. We combined ~500 sequences spanning ~4 kb of mitochondrial genes, representative of nearly all known Zhangixalus species from 373 localities. We recovered a robust timetree featuring ~60 phylogeographical lineages assigned to 36 taxa, illustrating a vast under-appreciation of the diversity of the genus. Patterns of diversification were intimately linked to climatic trends since the Mid-Miocene, leading to a remarkable biogeographical scenario for the onset of Taiwanese diversity. Finally, in contrast to the macro-evolution of conserved breeding strategies in rhacophorids, the striking variation of nesting behaviour documented across Zhangixalus species, whereby foamy egg nests are alternatively fossorial, deposited on the edge of the water or suspended on the overhanging vegetation, seems to have evolved rapidly from arboreal ancestors in all major clades, implying micro-evolutionary processes and/or phenotypic plasticity.
Hospital Social Workers’ Boundary Work in Paediatric Acute Wards—Competitive or Collaborative?
Authors: Mannsåker Ida Krag-Rønne , Vågan André , Geirdal Amy Østertun , Stenberg Una 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent research suggests that the notion of boundary work can improve our understanding of interprofessional tension and collaboration in health care, yet hospital social workers (HSWs) have not received sufficient attention in this area. Using boundary work as a theoretical framework, this article investigates HSWs’ boundary work in interactions with other health care professionals in paediatric acute wards. The data were based on in-depth interviews with nineteen HSWs at hospitals in Norway about their experiences with interprofessional collaboration. Based on their situated narratives, abductive analysis was performed, using the conceptually distinct but inter-related forms of competitive and collaborative boundary work that are grounded in Abbott’s framework of jurisdiction. The findings demonstrate how HSWs construct, defend and extend boundaries to create distinctions between themselves and others, and how they sometimes adapt and downplay boundaries in order to achieve common goals and perform their work. As a facilitator of this process, the HSW might be viewed as a boundary subject. This, in turn, can result in optional and intentional ways for HSWs to carry out boundary work. There is reason to believe that, the less specific educational requirements and role guidelines, the more important these mechanisms become.
Tonic somatosensory responses and deficits of tactile awareness converge in the parietal operculum
Authors: Del Vecchio Maria , Fossataro Carlotta , Zauli Flavia Maria , Sartori Ivana , Pigorini Andrea , d’Orio Piergiorgio , Abarrategui Belen , Russo Simone , Mikulan Ezequiel Pablo , Caruana Fausto , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Garbarini Francesca , Avanzini Pietro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although clinical neuroscience and the neuroscience of consciousness have long sought mechanistic explanations of tactile-awareness disorders, mechanistic insights are rare, mainly because of the difficulty of depicting the fine-grained neural dynamics underlying somatosensory processes.
Here, we combined the stereo-EEG responses to somatosensory stimulation with the lesion mapping of patients with a tactile-awareness disorder, namely tactile extinction.
Whereas stereo-EEG responses present different temporal patterns, including early/phasic and long-lasting/tonic activities, tactile-extinction lesion mapping co-localizes only with the latter. Overlaps are limited to the posterior part of the perisylvian regions, suggesting that tonic activities may play a role in sustaining tactile awareness. To assess this hypothesis further, we correlated the prevalence of tonic responses with the tactile-extinction lesion mapping, showing that they follow the same topographical gradient. Finally, in parallel with the notion that visuotactile stimulation improves detection in tactile-extinction patients, we demonstrated an enhancement of tonic responses to visuotactile stimuli, with a strong voxel-wise correlation with the lesion mapping.
The combination of these results establishes tonic responses in the parietal operculum as the ideal neural correlate of tactile awareness.
Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Méreaux Jean-Loup , Banneau Guillaume , Papin Mélanie , Coarelli Giulia , Valter Rémi , Raymond Laure , Kol Bophara , Ariste Olivier , Parodi Livia , Tissier Laurène , Mairey Mathilde , Ait Said Samia , Gautier Celia , Guillaud-Bataille Marine ,   the French SPATAX clinical network, Anheim Mathieu , Azulay Jean-Philippe , Boesfplug-Tanguy Odile , Charles Perrine , Durr Alexandra , Goizet Cyril , Hannequin Didier , Huin Vincent , Koenig Michel , Labauge Pierre , Leguern Eric , N’Guyen Karine , Renaud Mathilde , Rodriguez Diana , Verny Christophe , Forlani Sylvie , de la Grange Pierre , Brice Alexis , Vazza Giovanni , Durr Alexandra , Leguern Eric , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to rare genetic neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative disorders in which spasticity due to length-dependent damage to the upper motor neuron is a core sign. Their high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes their diagnosis challenging.
Multigene panels allow a high-throughput targeted analysis of the increasing number of genes involved using next-generation sequencing. We report here the clinical and genetic results of 1550 index cases tested for variants in a panel of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes analysed in routine diagnosis.
A causative variant was found in 475 patients (30.7%) in 35/65 screened genes. SPAST and SPG7 were the most frequently mutated genes, representing 142 (9.2%) and 75 (4.8%) index cases of the whole series, respectively. KIF1A, ATL1, SPG11, KIF5A and REEP1 represented more than 1% (&gt;17 cases) each. There were 661 causative variants (382 different ones) and 30 of them were structural variants. This large cohort allowed us to obtain an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in clinical practice. Because of the wide phenotypic variability, there was no very specific sign that could predict the causative gene, but there were some constellations of symptoms that were found often related to specific subtypes. Finally, we confirmed the diagnostic effectiveness of a targeted sequencing panel as a first-line genetic test in hereditary spastic paraplegia. This is a pertinent strategy because of the relative frequency of several known genes (i.e. SPAST, KIF1A) and it allows identification of variants in the rarest involved genes and detection of structural rearrangements via coverage analysis, which is less efficient in exome datasets. It is crucial because these structural variants represent a significant proportion of the pathogenic hereditary spastic paraplegia variants (∼6% of patients), notably for SPAST and REEP1.
In a subset of 42 index cases negative for the targeted multigene panel, subsequent whole-exome sequencing allowed a theoretical diagnosis yield of ∼50% to be reached. We then propose a two-step strategy combining the use of a panel of genes followed by whole-exome sequencing in negative cases.
Relapse-independent multiple sclerosis progression under natalizumab
Authors: Graf Jonas , Leussink Verena I , Soncin Giulia , Lepka Klaudia , Meinl Ingrid , Kümpfel Tania , Meuth Sven G , Hartung Hans-Peter , Havla Joachim , Aktas Orhan , Albrecht Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate confirmed progression independent of relapse activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients under long-term natalizumab treatment. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of clinical data captured between 1994 and 2019 at two German multiple sclerosis tertiary referral centres. Data files of all relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab for ≥24 months were analysed. Confirmed progression independent of relapse activity was defined as ≥12 week confirmed disability progression on a roving Expanded Disability Status Scale reference score by 1 point in patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤3 or 0.5 in patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≥3.5 in the absence of a relapse. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the probability of developing confirmed progression independent of relapse activity depending on both disease and natalizumab treatment duration. Among the 184 patients identified, 44 (24%) developed confirmed progression independent of relapse activity under natalizumab irrespective of the Expanded Disability Status Scale score at natalizumab onset. Time to confirmed progression independent of relapse activity was not affected by Expanded Disability Status Scale at natalizumab onset (categorized by Expanded Disability Status Scale score ≤3.5 versus &gt;3.5) nor by duration of disease nor by duration of therapy. Confirmed progression independent of relapse activity occurred earlier in the disease course in patients with an earlier natalizumab therapy onset with regard to disease duration. A stepwise forward regression analysis revealed disease duration as the main factor for confirmed progression independent of relapse activity development (P = 0.005). Taken together, confirmed progression independent of relapse activity occurs in a substantial proportion of patients on long-term natalizumab treatment and independent of Expanded Disability Status Scale score at natalizumab onset. Our findings suggest that patients who are initiated on natalizumab early during disease course, usually in order to treat an aggressive clinical phenotype, have a higher risk of early confirmed progression independent of relapse activity.
The anatomy of friendship: neuroanatomic homophily of the social brain among classroom friends
Authors: D’Onofrio Patrick , Norman Luke J , Sudre Gustavo , White Tonya , Shaw Philip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHomophily refers to the tendency to like similar others. Here, we ask if homophily extends to brain structure. Specifically: do children who like one another have more similar brain structures? We hypothesized that neuroanatomic similarity tied to friendship is most likely to pertain to brain regions that support social cognition. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed friendship network data from 1186 children in 49 classrooms. Within each classroom, we identified “friendship distance”—mutual friends, friends-of-friends, and more distantly connected or unconnected children. In total, 125 children (mean age = 7.57 years, 65 females) also had good quality neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging scans from which we extracted properties of the “social brain.” We found that similarity of the social brain varied by friendship distance: mutual friends showed greater similarity in social brain networks compared with friends-of-friends (β = 0.65, t = 2.03, P = 0.045) and even more remotely connected peers (β = 0.77, t = 2.83, P = 0.006); friends-of-friends did not differ from more distantly connected peers (β = −0.13, t = −0.53, P = 0.6). We report that mutual friends have similar “social brain” networks, adding a neuroanatomic dimension to the adage that “birds of a feather flock together.”
Cost Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) Implementation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Morrison Laura T R , Brown Elizabeth G , Paganelli Christina R , Bhattarai Suraj , Hailu Rahell , Ntakirutimana Gervais , Mbarushimana Djibril , Subedi Nuwadatta , Goco Norman 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face disproportionately high mortality rates, yet the causes of death in LMICs are not robustly understood, limiting the effectiveness of interventions to reduce mortality. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is a standardized postmortem examination method that holds promise for use in LMICs, where other approaches for determining cause of death are too costly or unacceptable. This study documents the costs associated with implementing the MITS procedure in LMICs from the healthcare provider perspective and aims to inform resource allocation decisions by public health decisionmakers.

Methods
We surveyed 4 sites in LMICs across Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia with experience conducting MITS. Using a bottom-up costing approach, we collected direct costs of resources (labor and materials) to conduct MITS and the pre-implementation costs required to initiate MITS.

Results
Initial investments range widely yet represent a substantial cost to implement MITS and are determined by the existing infrastructure and needs of a site. The costs to conduct a single case range between $609 and $1028 per case and are driven by labor, sample testing, and MITS supplies costs.

Conclusions
Variation in each site’s use of staff roles and testing protocols suggests sites conducting MITS may adapt use of resources based on available expertise, equipment, and surveillance objectives. This study is a first step toward necessary examinations of cost-effectiveness, which may provide insight into cost optimization and economic justification for the expansion of MITS.
Circulation of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, India
Authors: Argimón Silvia , Nagaraj Geetha , Shamanna Varun , Sravani Dharmavaram , Vasanth Ashwini Kodlipet , Prasanna Akshatha , Poojary Aruna , Bari Anurag Kumar , Underwood Anthony , Kekre Mihir , Baker Stephen , Aanensen David M , Lingegowda Ravikumar Kadahalli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report the persistent circulation of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Salmonella Typhi in Mumbai, linked to the acquisition and maintenance of a previously characterized IncX3 plasmid carrying the ESBL gene blaSHV-12 and the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrB7 in the genetic context of a triple mutant also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Medicare Prescription Plans Limit Access to Recommended Drugs for Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Buehrle Deanna , Clancy Cornelius J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We analyzed June 2021 Medicare Advantage/Part D enrollment and formulary data. Oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, frontline Clostridioides difficile treatments, were in the formulary for 100% (42314676 of 42314676) and 84.1% (35598385 of 42314676) of enrollees, respectively. However, they were broadly accessible (formulary, unrestricted, tier 1 or 2) to only 14.4% (6104348 of 42314676) and 1.1% (483004 of 42314676), respectively.
Estimated Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among Egyptian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes; Analysis from The Cardiorisk Project
Authors: Reda Ashraf , Bendary Ahmed , Elserafy Ahmed Shawky , Farag Elsayed , Mostafa Tamer , Khamis Hazem , Wadie Moheb , Bendary Mohamed , Elbahry Atef , Salah Rehab 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Egypt is largely un- known. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of FH among 3224 Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndromes enrolled from 2015 to 2018 in the nationwide cross- sectional cardioRisk project.

Methods and Results
We applied the Dutch Lipid Clinic criteria for the diagnosis of FH on the available data recorded for the patients enrolled in the CardioRisk project. Two main criteria were applied: the presence of premature CAD (given 2 points in the Dutch criteria), and the categorized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lev- els (given 1, 3, 5, or 8 points in the Dutch criteria according to the level). From a total of 3224 patients, 2743 patients had available LDL-C levels. Among those patients, when applying the abovementioned 2 criteria, we estimated that 472 patients had at least ‘possible’ FH (17.2% of the total population). Specifically, 4 patients had ‘defi- nite’ FH (0.1%), 7 patients had ‘probable’ FH (0.25%), and 461 patients had ‘possi- ble’ FH (16.8%).

Conclusion
The estimated prevalence of at least ‘possible’ FH among Egyptian patients with ACS is 17%.
Modified Technique to Control the Eutachian Valve During Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect/Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: El Shedoudy Sahar , Elsoud Fatma Abo , El Dokhlaha Eman , Rashed Reem , Abdelghani Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
to describe an approach to perform safe transcatheter closure of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)/Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) associated with large redundant Eustachian Valve.

Background
Transcatheter device closure of ASD/PFO is feasible in a great majority of patients. However, the presence of a huge mobile Eustachian Valve can compromise device placement.

Patients and Methods
Six patients (3 PFO and 3 ASD patients) with a huge redundant Eustachian valve were included. Two patients had PFO with long tunnel and were closed with Occlutech FigullaFlex II PFO occluders sized 23/25 and 27/30 respectively. The other PFO patient had an associated atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and was closed with a 25 mm Amplatzer Multi-Fenestrated Septal Occluder “cribriform” device (St. Jude Medical – Abbott Vascular). The three ASDs were closed by regular ASD occluders (2 Flex II ASD Occluders sized 30 and 33 mm and 1 Amplatzer ASD Occluder sized 24 mm).
Eustachian valve was successfully held with a steerable ablation catheter to deflect it against the lateral right atrial wall, keeping it away from the inter-atrial septum to prevent its entrapment or interference with the cable, the sheath or the device.

Results
All ASDs/PFOs have been successfully closed with no complications with free inferior vena cava (IVC) flow, with no residual inter-atrial shunt and the eustachian valve is not interfering with the device.

Conclusions
Safe percutaneous ASD/PFO closure can be achieved with proper control of a large redundant Eustachian valve.
Outcomes of Radial Versus Femoral Approach in Patients with St Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Torkey Emad , Sanhoury Mohamed , Sadaka Mohammad , Zaki Amr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim of the work
To compare transradial and transfemoral approaches in 1ry and rescue PCI for STEMI.

Methods
This prospective observational study was done at Alexandria University Hospital and International Cardiac Center from January 2020 to August 2020 by recruiting every patient had met our inclusion criteria (the third universal definition of MI) admitted to the coronary care unit after doing primary or rescue PCI 200 patients were involved.
Exclusion criteria were (Thrombophilia and thrombocytopenia, known hematological abnormalities, and patients with known sever peripheral vascular disease.
Randomization made by a computer-generated program into two equal parallel groups that were randomly assigned to either Radial access approach or femoral access approach for primary or rescue PCI. Chest pain to time of first medical contact (FMC), and the procedural time were computed. Coronary angiography and PCI procedure were described including materials used and the intra-procedure complications. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) or other hemodynamic complications were documented. All the patients were contacted for follow up to 6 months after the procedure by interviewing with the patients via telephone or the responsible physician to determine the outcomes procedure.

Results
The distribution of demographic variables and risk factors were similar among 200 patients in the radial and femoral groups. There had been significant differences between the groups concerning the primary end point MACE after 6 months in favor of radial group patients with p value (0.004), there was significant deference between the two studied groups concerning the total bleeding complication with higher risk in femoral group 11% compared to radial group 3% with P value (0.02).
Despite the nearly equal mean time from pain to FMC (9.01 hours in radial group and 9.2 hours in femoral group), the total procedural time was significantly longer in radial group compared to femoral group with (p value 0.037). However the rate of non-culprit vessel revascularsation was significantly higher in radial group 17% compared to 6% in femoral group with p value of (0.015).
In-hospital stay was significantly shorter in the radial group patients P value (0.02).

Conclusion
Transradial approach is safe, and effective with a high procedural success rate as the transfemoral approach but with lower risk for bleeding vascular complications and other access site complications as hematoma especially for patients where aggressive antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy is needed, or patients who are expected to suffer from access site complications as those who need rescue PCI.
Transradial approach has major additional advantages of decreasing the incidence of MACE compared to transfemoral approach.
Transradial approach has another advantages of decreasing the in hospital stay.
Thrombolysis Versus Redo-Surgery for Treatment of Mechanical Prosthetic Mitral Valve Thrombosis in Young Adult Patients
Authors: Kamal Yasser Ali , Elshorbagy Ashraf Ali , Mubarak Yasser Shaban , Al-Elwany Shady Eid , Shehata Sayed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate and compare outcome of redo-surgery and thrombolysis for treatment of mitral PVT following mechanical valve replacement for rheumatic etiology in young adult patients (&lt;50 years old).

Methods and Results
This retrospective study included 42 young adult patients who had PVT after mechanical valve replacement for rheumatic mitral valve disease, between January 2014 and June 2019. Eighteen patients underwent redo-surgery and 24 patients underwent thrombolysis (Streptokinase 100,000 U/h for at least 24 hours). The approach of treatment was based on proposed criteria considering hemodynamic status, NYHA functional class, and thrombus size. Complete response to thrombolysis was defined by normal clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Primary outcome included response to thrombolysis, complications, mortality, and recurrence. The median follow-up period was 24 months. The thrombus size was significantly larger in redo-surgery group (9.88±2.44 mm2 vs 5.87±1.26 mm2, P &lt; 0.001). The response to thrombolysis was complete recovery (70.8%), partial recovery (16.7%), or failure (12.5%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications. Mortality was significantly higher in redo-surgery group (27.8% vs 4.2%, P = 0.03), with cumulative survival of 72.2% for redo-surgery versus 95.8% for thrombolysis (Log-rank P-value = 0.04). The reduced cumulative survival with redo-surgery was more evident in patients with delayed presentation (&gt; 1 week). Recurrent thrombosis occurred only with thrombolysis (8.3% vs 0%, P = 0.20). Cumulative proportions for freedom from thrombosis were 100% for surgery versus 78.1% for thrombolysis (Log-rank P-value = 0.17).

Conclusions
Proper patient selection may improve outcome after treatment of mitral PVT using thrombolysis or redo-surgery in young adults. Redo-surgery has advantages over thrombolysis regarding mid-term recurrence of thrombosis; however, thrombolysis has significantly lower mortality than redo-surgery. Further evaluation of the proper treatment for delayed presentation of PVT is recommended.