bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETROPUPILLARY IRIS-CLAW INTRAOCULAR LENS AND PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY IN APHAKIA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bernal-Morales Carolina , Hernández-Martínez Adrián , Navarro-Angulo Manuel J. , Ruiz-Miguel Miguel , Rodriguez-Maqueda Mariano , Velazquez-Villoria Daniel , Cubero-Parra Juan Manuel , Marticorena Joaquín , Ruiz-Casas Diego , Adan Alfredo , Zarranz-Ventura Javier ,   Writing Committee on behalf of the Spanish Multicenter Iris-claw IOL study group
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes and safety of retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation and associated pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
Multicenter, national audit of 325 eyes (325 patients). Demographics, surgical details, and complications are described. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and central retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography were collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to assess the cumulative probability of postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure levels, macular edema development, and corneal decompensation.

Results:
The cumulative probability of the final visual acuity ≤0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (≥20/40 Snellen) was 75.6% at 12-month follow-up. The probability of intraocular pressure >21, ≥25, and ≥30 mmHg was 48.1%, 33.1%, and 19.0%, and the probability of intraocular pressure–lowering drops was 50.9% at 12 months. Glaucoma surgery was required in 4.3% of the eyes (14/325). The cumulative probability of macular edema was 20.5% at 12 months and was greater in complicated cataract surgery than in intraocular lens–luxation eyes (26% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.04). Corneal transplantation was required in 2.8% of the eyes (9/325).

Conclusion:
This study on 325 eyes with aphakia or intraocular lens dislocation managed with the retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens technique provides clinical outcomes in a real-world scenario, reporting relevant data for patient counseling and preoperative discussions.
Feature Detection to Segment Cardiomyocyte Nuclei for Investigating Cardiac Contractility
Authors: Teranikar Tanveer , Villarreal Cameron , Salehin Nabid , Lim Jessica , Ijaseun Toluwani , Cao Hung , Chuong Cheng–Jen , Lee Juhyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn vivoquantitative assessment of structural and functional biomarkers is essential for understanding pathophysiology and identifying novel therapies for congenital heart disorders. Cardiac defect analysis through fixed tissue and histology has offered revolutionary insights into the tissue architecture, but section thickness limits the tissue penetration. This study demonstrated the potential of Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) for analyzingin vivo4D (3d + time) cardiac contractility. Furthermore, we have described the utility of an improved feature detection framework for localizing cardiomyocyte nuclei in the zebrafish atrium and ventricle. Using the Hessian Difference of Gaussian (HDoG) scale space in conjunction with the watershed algorithm, we were able to quantify a statistically significant increase in cardiomyocyte nuclei count across different developmental stages.Furthermore, we assessed individual volumes and surface areas for the cardiomyocyte nuclei in the ventricle’s innermost and outermost curvature during cardiac systole and diastole. Using the segmented nuclei volumes from the feature detection, we successfully performed local area ratio analysis to quantify the degree of deformation suffered by the outermost ventricular region compared to the innermost ventricular region. This paper focuses on the merits of our segmentation and demonstrates its efficacy for cell counting and morphology analysis in the presence of anisotropic illumination across the field-of-view (FOV).
A recombinant selective drug-resistantM. bovisBCG enhances the bactericidal activity of a second-line tuberculosis regimen
Authors: Chiwala Gift , Liu Zhiyong , Mugweru Julius N. , Wang Bangxing , Khan Shahzad Akbar , Bate Petuel Ndip Ndip , Yusuf Buhari , Hameed H.M. Adnan , Fang Cuiting , Tan Yaoju , Guan Ping , Hu Jinxing , Tan Shouyong , Liu Jianxiong , Zhong Nanshan , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) results from infection byMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains resistant to at least rifampin or isoniazid. To improve the treatment outcome in DR-TB, therapeutic vaccines are considered an ideal choice as they can enhance pathogen clearance and minimize disease sequelae. To date, there is no therapeutic vaccine reported to be effective when combined with a chemotherapy regimen against DR-TB. The only available TB vaccine, theM. bovisBCG (BCG) is susceptible to several anti-TB drugs hence not a perfect option for therapeutic vaccination. Herein, we developed a recombinant BCG (RdrBCG) overexpressing Ag85B and Rv2628 with resistance to selected anti-TB drugs. When administered three times adjunct to a second-line anti-TB regimen in a classical murine model of DR-TB, the RdrBCG lowered lungM. tuberculosiscolony-forming units by 1 log10. Furthermore, vaccination with the RdrBCG adjunct to TB chemotherapy minimized lung tissue pathology in mice. Most importantly, the RdrBCG maintained the exogenously inserted genes and showed almost the same virulence as its parent BCG Tice strain in severe combined immune-deficient mice. All these suggested that the RdrBCG was stable, safe and effective. Hence, the “recombinant” plus “drug-resistant” BCG strategy could be a useful concept for developing therapeutic vaccines against DR-TB.
Semaphorin3F Drives Dendritic Spine Pruning through Rho-GTPase Signaling
Authors: Duncan Bryce W. , Mohan Vishwa , Wade Sarah D. , Truong Young , Kampov-Polevoi Alexander , Temple Brenda R. , Maness Patricia F. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTDendritic spines of cortical pyramidal neurons are initially overproduced then remodeled substantially in the adolescent brain to achieve appropriate excitatory balance in mature circuits. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism of developmental spine pruning by Semaphorin 3F (Sema3F) and its holoreceptor complex, which consists of immunoglobulin-class adhesion molecule NrCAM, Neuropilin-2 (Npn2), and PlexinA3 (PlexA3) signaling subunits. Structure-function studies of the NrCAM-Npn2 interface showed that NrCAM stabilizes binding between Npn2 and PlexA3 necessary for Sema3F-induced spine pruning. Using a mouse neuronal culture system, we identified a dual signaling pathway for Sema3F-induced pruning, which involves activation of Tiam1-Rac1-PAK1-3 -LIMK1/2-Cofilin1 and RhoA-ROCK1/2-Myosin II in dendritic spines. Inhibitors of actin remodeling impaired spine collapse in the cortical neurons. Elucidation of these pathways expands our understanding of critical events that sculpt neuronal networks and may provide insight into how interruptions to these pathways could lead to spine dysgenesis in diseases such as autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
Mechanistic within-host models of the asexualPlasmodium falciparuminfection: a review and analytical assessment
Authors: Camponovo Flavia , Lee Tamsin E. , Russell Jonathan , Burgert Lydia , Gerardin Jaline , Penny Melissa A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalaria blood-stage infection length and intensity are important drivers of disease and transmission; however, the underlying mechanisms of parasite growth and the host’s immune response during infection remain largely unknown. Over the last 30 years, several mechanistic mathematical models of malaria parasite within-host dynamics have been published and used in malaria transmission models.MethodsWe identified mechanistic within-host models of parasite dynamics through a review of published literature. For a subset of these, we reproduced model code and compared descriptive statistics between the models using fitted data. Through simulation and model analysis, we compare and discuss key features of the models, including assumptions on growth, immune response components, variant switching mechanisms, and inter-individual variability.ResultsThe assessed within-host malaria models generally replicate infection dynamics in malaria-naïve individuals. However, there are substantial differences between the model dynamics after disease onset, and models do not always reproduce late infection parasitemia data used for calibration of the within host infections. Models have attempted to capture the considerable variability in parasite dynamics between individuals by including stochastic parasite multiplication rates; variant switching dynamics leading to immune escape; variable effects of the host immune responses; or via probabilistic events. For models that capture realistic length of infections, model representations of innate immunity explain early peaks in infection density that cause clinical symptoms, and model representations of antibody immune responses control the length of infection. Models differed in their assumptions concerning variant switching dynamics, reflecting uncertainty in the underlying mechanisms of variant switching revealed by recent clinical data during early infection. Overall, given the scarce availability of the biological evidence there is limited support for complex models.ConclusionsOur study suggests that much of the inter-individual variability observed in clinical malaria infections has traditionally been attributed in models to random variability, rather than mechanistic disease dynamics. Thus, we propose that newly developed models should assume simple immune dynamics that minimally capture mechanistic understandings and avoid over-parameterisation and large stochasticity which inaccurately represent unknown disease mechanisms.
A CTLA-4 nanobody improves the immunity of mice against challenges withStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Wu Peng , Yang Ningning , Xu Mingguo , Chen Chuangfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a transmembrane receptor and leukocyte differentiation antigen on T cells that participates in the negative regulation of immune responses. CTLA-4 Ig can effectively and specifically inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo and in vitro, and is therefore, considered to be a promising new immunosuppressive antibody. In this study, we investigated the role of CTLA-4 nanobody in immunity. We purified recombinant CTLA-4 protein and constructed a phage display nanobody library. After screening the library, we obtained a nanobody with high affinity for the CTLA-4 protein. The nanobody was expressed and purified and the specific high-affinity for CTLA-4 confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nanobody was shown to enhance the activity and nitric oxide (NO) production of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) as well as their ability to capture foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The CTLA-4 nanobody also improved the immunity of animals after challenge withStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus agalactiae, thus indicating the potential of the CTLA-4 nanobody to improve cellular immunity and enhance immune responses.
Post-embryonic development and aging of the appendicular skeleton inAmbystoma mexicanum
Authors: Riquelme-Guzmán Camilo , Schuez Maritta , Böhm Alexander , Knapp Dunja , Edwards-Jorquera Sandra , Ceccarelli Alberto S. , Chara Osvaldo , Rauner Martina , Sandoval-Guzmán Tatiana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe axolotl is a key model to study appendicular regeneration. The limb complexity resembles that of humans in structure and tissue components; however, axolotl limbs develop post-embryonically. In this work, we evaluated the post-embryonic development of the appendicular skeleton and its changes with aging.ResultsThe juvenile limb skeleton is formed mostly bySox9/Col1a2cartilage cells. Ossification of the appendicular skeleton starts when animals reach a length of 10 cm, and cartilage cells are replaced by a primary ossification center, consisting of cortical bone and an adipocyte-filled marrow cavity. Vascularization is associated with the ossification center and the marrow cavity formation. We identified the contribution ofCol1a2-descendants to bone and adipocytes. Moreover, ossification progresses with age towards the epiphyses of long bones. Axolotls are neotenic salamanders, and still ossification remains responsive to L-thyroxine, increasing the rate of bone formation.ConclusionsIn axolotls, bone maturation is a continuous process that extends throughout their life. Ossification of the appendicular bones is slow and continues until the complete element is ossified. The cellular components of the appendicular skeleton change accordingly during ossification, creating a heterogenous landscape in each element. The continuous maturation of the bone is accompanied by a continuous body growth.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular treatment for lymphoma immunotherapy
Authors: Li F , Chen Y , Pang M , Yang P , Jing H 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMalignant lymphoma (ML) is a common hematological malignancy with many subtypes. Patients with ML usually undergo traditional treatment failure and become relapsed or refractory (R/R) cases. Recently, immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and cellular treatment, has gradually emerged and used in clinical trials with encouraging achievements for ML treatment, which exerts anti-tumor activity by blocking the immune evasion of tumor cells and enhancing the attack ability of immune cells. Targets of immune checkpoints include programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3). Examples of cellular treatment are chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This review aimed to present the current progress and future prospects of immunotherapy in lymphoma, with the focus upon ICIs and cellular treatment.
Evolution of a melanoma in situ to a sarcomatoid dedifferentiated melanoma
Authors: Chung Jina , Shevchenko Alina , Lee Jason B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSarcomatoid dedifferentiated melanoma (SDDM) is a recently recognized subtype of melanoma that stains diffusely for CD10 and lacks the expression of the usual melanocytic markers including S100, SOX10, MITF, and Melan A. Advances in next‐generation DNA sequencing technology have facilitated the increased recognition of this rare, aggressive spindle cell melanoma. Herein, a case of relatively early lesion of SDDM arising in association with melanoma in situ is highlighted. A 72‐year‐old man with a history of previously treated melanoma in situ on the face five years prior presented with a new rapidly growing lesion within the scar of the treated site. A shave biopsy of the lesion revealed a centrally located 1.8‐mm deep, poorly differentiated spindle cell neoplasm in association with an adjacent recurrent melanoma in situ. The spindle cell component stained diffusely for CD10, but failed to stain for S100, SOX10, and Melan‐A while the melanoma in situ expressed all three melanocytic markers. Next‐generation DNA sequencing assay revealed mutations in NF1, CDKN2A, TP53, and TSC1. A diagnosis of stage 2B SDDM arising in association with melanoma in situ was established based on the clinical context and genomic assay results.
How Buddhist beliefs relate to blood donation intention: The role of moral attentiveness and self‐monitoring
Authors: Chen Liangyong , Zhang Sai , Zhou Yufeng , Xiao Mo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuddhism is prevalent in Asia and has been growing in Western countries. Its perspectives have subtle influences on people’s ways of thinking and behaving. This study focuses on the association between Buddhist beliefs and blood donation intention. We draw on a social‐cognitive perspective to delineate how this link is mediated by moral attentiveness and moderated by self‐monitoring. Data were collected via online surveys, and 508 respondents were included in the final sample. We used Hayes’ PROCESS macro and simple slope analysis to assess all relationships in our moderated mediation model. Results indicated that Buddhist beliefs were positively related to blood donation intention, and moral attentiveness mediated this relationship. Moreover, self‐monitoring was found to moderate the direct relationship between Buddhist beliefs and moral attentiveness, as well as the indirect relationship between Buddhist beliefs and blood donation intention through moral attentiveness. The associations were strengthened with increased self‐monitoring. This research provides a nuanced explanation of the manner in which Buddhist beliefs are associated with blood donation intention. Blood donation recruitment campaigns can incorporate instrumental elements of Buddhist teachings, such as the pursuit of moral perfection, the cultivation of the virtues of unselfishness, benevolence and understanding, and the laws of Karma. Meanwhile, mindfulness as a core practice in Buddhism can be utilized to improve moral attentiveness and self‐monitoring, thereby promoting blood donation intention.
Implication of TrkC‐miR2 in neurotrophin signalling pathway regulation through NGFR transcript targeting
Authors: Dokaneheifard Sadat , Soltani Bahram M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrkC and NGFR neurotrophin receptors are associated with cell death, cancer and differentiation. TrkC‐miR2, which is located in TrkC gene, is known to regulate Wnt signalling pathway, and its influence on other signalling pathways is under investigation. Here, through RT‐qPCR, dual‐luciferase assay and Western blotting we reveal that TrkC‐miR2 targets NGFR. Overexpression of TrkC‐miR2 also affected TrkA, TrkC, NFKB, BCL2 and Akt2 expressions involved in neurotrophin signalling pathway, and elevated survival rate of HEK293t and U87 cells was distinguished by flow cytometry and MTT assay. Consistently, an opposite expression correlation was obtained between TrkC‐miR2 and NGFR or TrkC for the duration of NT2 differentiation. Meanwhile, TrkC‐miR2 down‐regulation attenuated NT2 differentiation into neural‐like cells. Overall, here we present in silico and experimental evidence showing TrkC‐miR2 as a new controller in regulation of neurotrophin signalling pathway.
Nine ways to score nine lives – identifying appropriate methods to age domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Fleming Patricia A. , Crawford Heather M. , Auckland Clare , Calver Michael C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate determination of chronological age for cats (Felis catus) permits assessment of age at reproduction and growth measures, whilst understanding survivorship enables modelling of population dynamics underpinning many management questions. At present, the relative accuracy of different measures has not been compared, especially in relation to ageing live cats, where options are more limited. We tested relationships between nine ageing methods using a large database of 384 unowned, free‐roaming cats culled as part of wildlife conservation and unowned cat management. Cat heads were cleaned and scored for tooth eruption, development of the canines (root closure, length and width; proportion of pulp determined by radiography), canine tooth cementum lines, tooth wear (canine tip sharpness and breakage, or absence of the P2), diastema distance and closure of two cranial sutures. Tooth eruption is informative for cats up to about 8 months of age and closure of the canine root up to 12 months. In adults with closed‐rooted canine teeth, only the cementum lines and cranial sutures varied; these two sets of measures were strongly correlated. We conclude by developing a predictive table for ageing cat specimens using tooth and skull features. Animals can be aged reliably over the lifespan of the animal from cadaver material, potentially adding valuable information to ecological studies where cats are culled. However, there is no way to reliably age live cats over approximately 8 months of age in the field, after which time full adult dentition is established. Similarly, radiography (to determine pulp volume) has limited use as an ageing tool for cats older than 1–2 years of age. This reduces the number of potential applications for live cats, including, for example, ageing unowned cats in trap–neuter–release programmes.
Questions in a Life‐Sized Board Game: Comparing Caregivers' and Children's Question‐Asking across STEM Museum Exhibits
Authors: Gaudreau Caroline , Bustamante Andres S. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTParkopolis, the life‐sized board game, was designed to promote conversation and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning. We investigated whether this exhibit also prompted questioning. Caregivers' and children's STEM‐related question‐asking was compared between Parkopolis (i.e., experimental group) and a STEM‐themed control exhibit. Groups (N = 197) of children and caregivers visiting two exhibits in a museum were observed. Observations revealed that caregivers and children asked more mathematical questions in Parkopolis than in the control. Caregivers also asked more spatial questions in Parkopolis. In addition, when all STEM‐related question topics (i.e., mathematical, spatial, and scientific thinking) were combined, children asked more STEM‐related questions in Parkopolis than in the control. Finally, children responded to a higher proportion of caregivers' questions in Parkopolis than in the control. Factors that promoted this question‐asking in Parkopolis, such as signage and the interactive nature of the exhibit, can inform the design of other informal learning spaces to promote question‐asking.
MiR‐873‐5p modulates progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via targeting SEC11A
Authors: Yao Yao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Yang Feng‐Ying , Mu Jing‐Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of miR‐873‐5p on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) by targeting SEC11A.MethodsTongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues were collected and performed by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting to determine the expression of miR‐873‐5p and SPC18. SCC9 and CAL‐27 cells were transfected and divided into Mock, mimic NC, miR‐873‐5p mimic, SEC11A, and miR‐873‐5p mimic + SEC11A groups. Then, a series of experiments including cell count kit 8 (CCK‐8), wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry were conducted. Besides, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SPC18 and EGFR pathway‐related proteins.ResultsMiR‐873‐5p was downregulated while SPC18 was upregulated in TSCC, and miR‐873‐5p was negatively correlated with SPC18. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed SEC11A to be a target of miR‐873‐5p. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC9 and CAL‐27 cells in miR‐873‐5p mimic group were decreased with increased cell apoptosis, presenting with downregulations of SPC18 and EGFR pathway‐related proteins, while cells in SEC11A group manifested totally different changes. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of miR‐873‐5p mimic on TSCC cell growth was abolished by SEC11A overexpression.ConclusionOverexpression of miR‐873‐5p may suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but facilitate apoptosis in TSCC via targeting SEC11A.