bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries experience in caregiver‐intellectual deficient pair: Influence of caregiver's psychological morbidity
Authors: Baumgarten Alexandre , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Rech Rafaela Soares , Cunha‐Cruz Joana , de Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate how determinants of psychological morbidity were associated with dental caries experience in the caregiver‐intellectual deficient pair.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with 299 pair, who had their oral health status assessed using the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, quality of sleep, and socioeconomic variables were measured in caregivers. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with the caregiver and children's caries index as outcome.ResultsThe average prevalence of DMFT/dmft was 7.48 (SD ± 3.9) for students with ID and DMFT was 14.7 (SD ± 8.1) for their caregivers. For the caregiver's oral health, the following psychic comorbidities were associated with worse oral health condition: anxiety (PR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.07‐2.06), depression (PR = 1.39; 95%CI 1.05‐1.85), high level of stress (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.17‐2.13) and sleep disorders (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.18‐2.14). For people with ID, the caregiver's psychic comorbidities also showed association with a worse oral health condition, including anxiety (PR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.03‐1.74), depression (PR = 1.28; 95%CI 1.01‐1.67) and high level of stress (PR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.14‐2.32), as well as mother's high level of DMFT (PR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.28‐3.03).ConclusionSymptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were associated with higher levels of dental caries experience for caregivers and for people with intellectual disabilities.
Differential diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency in patients with BCGitis and BCGosis: A single‐centre study
Authors: Soyak Aytekin Elif , Keskin Armagan , Tan Cagman , Yalçın Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural , Tezcan Ilhan , Cagdas Deniz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBCG infections occur more frequently in patients with underlying primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ratio of PIDD in the patients with BCG infections. Patients with BCG infections were analyzed in a tertiary referral centre in the 2015‐2020 period. Forty‐seven patients with BCGitis/BCGosis were evaluated; thirty‐four (72.3%) had BCGitis, and 13 (27.7%) had BCGosis. Common tissue and organs affected are lymph nodes (57.4%), skin and subcutaneous tissue (48.9%), lungs (23.4%) and liver (17%). PIDD was shown in 26 patients (55.3%), including 92.3% of patients with BCGosis and 41.2% of patients with BCGitis. Ten patients had Mendelian susceptibility to Mycobacterial disease (MSMD) (21.2%), six had predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) (12.7%), five had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (10.6%), three had CGD (6.3%), and two had CID (4.2%). Mortality was reported in two patients (4.2%) with CID (ZAP70 deficiency (n = 1) and PIK3R1 deficiency (n = 1)). Parental consanguinity (84%), axillary lymphadenopathy (65%), mycobacterial lung disease (42%), hepatomegaly (30%) and growth retardation (19%) were significantly high in patients with PIDD diagnosis. Isolated vaccination site infection was also recorded in patients with PIDD (CID (n = 1), SCID (n = 1), PAD (n = 5)). BCG vaccination should be planned with caution for the cases with suspected PIDD. This study indicates that almost all patients (92.3%) with BCGosis and one in every two patients (41.2%) with BCGitis have an underlying PIDD. Parental consanguinity, axillary lymphadenopathy, mycobacterial lung disease, hepatomegaly and growth retardation (19%) are important clinical features in the differential diagnosis of PIDD.
Feeling and thought in collective action on social issues: Toward a systems perspective
Authors: Bou Zeineddine Fouad , Leach Colin Wayne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheories of action have tended to view it—and its basis in thought and feeling—as static, discrete, mechanistic, and decontextualized. Moreover, studies of action have tended to be fragmented in academic silos. The consequences of these problems include a lack of cumulative and contextualized theory‐building, and an inability to recognize emergent, dynamic, and non‐linear causality, especially across levels of analysis. We argue that such problems could be partly alleviated with increased engagement with a meta‐theoretical perspective that has long been advocated for in psychology—the systems approach. In this view, thought, feeling, motivation, action, and context can be viewed as co‐evolving, inextricably linked, systems of systems. We illustrate the need for and benefit of this approach in the domain of collective action on social issues. We conclude that systems perspectives allow more contextualized, generalizable, conceptually rich, and applied directions for research in this domain.
Reconsidering Paul Meehl's disciplinary legacy
Authors: Davidson Ian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn pursuing paths to methodological reform, many have drawn on the prolific work of American psychologist‐philosopher Paul Meehl. In 1996, the APA awarded both Meehl and controversial German‐British psychologist Hans Eysenck with Clinical Psychologists of the Century Awards. Two years earlier, they had both signed the “Mainstream Science on Intelligence” statement published in reaction to controversy over research on intelligence and race. To better understand Meehl's decision to include his name in that public statement, this article first explores the philosophy and politics of Karl Popper as it relates to the incompatible views of Meehl and Eysenck on the value of psychoanalysis. Despite their stark differences of opinion on psychoanalysis and psychometrics, Meehl and Eysenck shared a vision of scientific psychology with overlapping political values that, consequently, included a commitment to the liberties of race science. This article suggests that interrogating the politics and ethics of research is a crucial aspect of doing human science well, including improving its methodology.
Transmission of malaria from donors to solid organ transplant recipients: A case report and literature review
Authors: Rosso Fernando , Agudelo Rojas Olga Lucia , Suarez Gil Cindy Carolina , Lopez Vargas Jaime Alberto , Gómez‐Mesa Juan Esteban , Carrillo Gomez Diana Cristina , Meza Ramirez Liliana , Caicedo Rusca Luis Armando 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalaria is a febrile and potentially fatal infection. It is typically transmitted to humans through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes and less frequently can be contracted through blood transfusions, sharing contaminated needles and syringes, mother‐to‐child transmission, or after solid organ transplantation. Posttransplant malaria has rarely been reported in the literature, even in endemic areas. We report the cases of three solid organ recipients in which Plasmodium vivax infection was documented during postsurgical evaluation 30 days after transplant surgery. The diagnosis of donor‐derived malaria was confirmed in all patients by demonstrating Plasmodium in a peripheral blood smear and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All recipients had symptoms. The liver transplant recipient had myalgia, arthralgia, and thrombocytopenia; the kidney transplant recipient developed acute renal failure; and the heart transplant recipient had fever, cephalalgia, and tonic‐clonic seizures. Pre‐transplant screening of donors and recipients from endemic regions may not be sufficient to safely rule out persistent malaria. In Colombia, according to legislation, no mandatory testing is required for the diagnosis of malaria in organ donors in nonendemic areas. Therefore, donor screening by questionnaire is the only tool for preventing transplant‐borne malaria. The migratory trend from Venezuela to Colombia has increased the number of imported cases of malaria, and the infection may be present in endemic and nonendemic regions. Although donor evaluation is not standardized in current guidelines, we suggest that donors be tested for malaria with a peripheral blood smear, detection of specific IgG antibodies against Plasmodium, and techniques such as PCR, if possible.
A mechanism coordinating root elongation, endodermal differentiation, redox homeostasis and stress response
Authors: Fu Jing , Zhang Xinglin , Liu Jiaming , Gao Xudong , Bai Juan , Hao Yueling , Cui Hongchang 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYRoot growth relies on both cell division and cell elongation, which occur in the meristem and elongation zones, respectively. SCARECROW (SCR) and SHORT‐ROOT (SHR) are GRAS family genes essential for root growth and radial patterning in the Arabidopsis root. Previous studies showed that SCR and SHR promote root growth by suppressing cytokinin response in the meristem, but there is evidence that SCR expressed beyond the meristem is also required for root growth. Here we report a previously unknown role for SCR in promoting cell elongation. Consistent with this, we found that the scr mutant accumulated a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the elongation zone, which is probably due to decreased expression of peroxidase gene 3, which consumes hydrogen peroxide in a reaction leading to Casparian strip formation. When the oxidative stress response was blocked in the scr mutant by mutation in ABSCISIC ACID 2 (ABA2) or when the redox status was ameliorated by the upbeat 1 (upb1) mutant, the root became significantly longer, with longer cells and a larger and more mitotically active meristem. Remarkably, however, the stem cell and radial patterning defects in the double mutants still persisted. Since ROS and peroxidases are essential for endodermal differentiation, these results suggest that SCR plays a role in coordinating cell elongation, endodermal differentiation, redox homeostasis and oxidative stress response in the root. We also provide evidence that this role of SCR is independent of SHR, even though they function similarly in other aspects of root growth and development.
Bovine ownership and reduced pulmonary tuberculosis risk in Nepal: A case–control study
Authors: Bates Michael N. , Pope Karl , Sijali Tula R. , Albers Autumn E. , Verma Sharat C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis case–control study sought to confirm and investigate in more depth protective associations previously found of bovine (cattle and water buffalo) ownership with reduced risk of both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in humans. The study recruited male and female PTB cases from a diagnostic centre and a frequency‐matched community‐based control group in Kaski District, Nepal. Controls were tested for LTBI status and a separate nested case–control study was conducted based on LTBI status. Data were collected on participant household animal ownership. Using logistic regression, animal ownership was investigated for associations with both PTB and LTBI. Data were obtained from 570 PTB cases and 1,224 controls, the latter group providing 396 LTBI‐positive and 692 LTBI‐negative subjects. Results provided evidence of decreased odds of both PTB and LTBI positivity associated with owning bovines. The evidence was strongest for protection against infection, rather than activation of infection to PTB. Effects were strongest in women, who usually manage the animals in Nepal, and there were exposure‐response relationships with numbers of bovines owned. Results suggest that exposure to bovines is protective against LTBI and PTB. A possible mechanism involves boosting the effect of BCG (Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin) vaccination, particularly in protecting against tuberculous infection. Additional studies with more extensive data collection are needed to confirm the observed associations.
Effect of post-storage filters vs. pre-storage filters for leukoreduction of blood components on clinical outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Silva Natasha Dejigov Monteiro da , Nukui Youko , Takahashi Juliana , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da , Nogueira Lilia de Souza 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review will synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of leukocyte reduction by comparing post-storage and pre-storage filters. The review will consider the following clinical outcomes: transfusion reactions, bacterial infection, length of stay, and mortality.

Introduction:
Transfusion is a relevant therapy, but it is not risk-free. Leukocyte reduction can be performed either by apheresis or by pre- or post-storage filters in order to reduce the risk of transfusion reactions, transmission of some diseases, alloimmunization, and platelet refractoriness. It can also reduce the length of hospital stay and the use of antibiotics.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies comparing the transfusion of leukocyte reduction through post-storage filters with pre-storage filters in patients of any age who received a transfusion and the clinical outcomes resulting from the transfusion will be considered for inclusion. Studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish will be considered, with no publication time limit.

Methods:
The research sources will include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, LILACS, and gray literature sources. The selection of titles and abstracts will be carried out by two independent reviewers, and the critical evaluation of the studies will be based on JBI tools. The data of interest for the review question will be extracted using JBI SUMARI. A narrative synthesis will be performed as will a meta-analysis and risk assessment of publication bias, if possible.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO: CRD42020192202.
Use of ECG monitoring for adult patients taking high-risk QT interval–prolonging drugs in clinical practice: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Putnikovic Marijana , Ward Michael , Jordan Zoe 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the rates of electrocardiogram use in adult patients taking high-risk QT interval–prolonging drugs in clinical settings. This review will determine the extent of ECG monitoring being used to mitigate the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation.

Introduction:
High-risk QT interval–prolonging drugs pose a well-established risk of cardiac arrhythmia, including torsades de pointes, among other serious long QT syndromes, which can be fatal. Detection and mitigation of QT prolongation involves use of electrocardiogram monitoring. This systematic review will present evidence for uptake of electrocardiogram monitoring in clinical practice to support the quality use of high-risk QT interval–prolonging drugs.

Inclusion criteria:
Quantitative studies, published from 2004 that determine the rate of electrocardiogram monitoring before and during use of high-risk QT interval–prolonging drugs in adults 18 years or older, either in community or hospital settings, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed will be searched to identify published studies. EThOS, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched to identify unpublished studies. Conference abstracts will be excluded. There will be no restriction on country or language. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, assess methodological quality, and extract data. The JBI approach to systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence will be followed. Meta-analysis will be performed, if possible, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.
Observational study methods used to assess pharmacotherapy effects of type 2 diabetes on fracture risk: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hayes Kaleen N. , Hundal Anisha K. , Cadarette Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to summarize observational research methods employed to study fracture risk and the use of type 2 diabetes mellitus medications. The methods summary will be used as a case study to illustrate current practices in the study of medication effects on fracture risk.

Introduction:
Observational studies examining drug effects on fracture risk fill knowledge gaps left by clinical trials but require specific design considerations. In recent years, several pharmacoepidemiologic studies have examined fracture risk as a possible adverse effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus medications using varying methodologies; these studies can illustrate design considerations for studies of fracture risk.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider peer-reviewed observational studies that examine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus medications on fracture risk. Primary literature comprising empirical pharmacoepidemiologic studies, such as cohort, case-control, case-crossover, self-controlled, case series, and case-cohort designs, that evaluate fracture risk associated with at least one type 2 diabetes mellitus medication will be eligible. Studies without use of an administrative database and those with an experimental, cross-sectional, or time-series design will be excluded.

Methods:
This scoping review will follow JBI methodology for scoping reviews. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO) will be searched from January 1, 2000 (to capture recent methodologies) to the present to identify eligible articles. After de-duplication, titles and abstracts will be screened independently by two reviewers, then full texts will be reviewed. Data on study methods will be extracted from eligible texts using a piloted form developed by the authors, and study methods will be aggregated in tabular format.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment: a Review On Nanoparticle Types and Thermal Analyses
Authors: Tofani Kassianne J , Tiari Saeed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (MNH) is a localized cancer treatment which uses an alternating magnetic field to excite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) injected into a tumor, causing them to generate heat. Once the temperature of the tumor tissue reaches about 43°C, the cancerous cells die. Different types of MNPs have been studied, including iron oxides with various coatings, Cu-Ni alloys and complex manganese/zinc particles. This paper reviews different types of MNPs and assesses them by magnetization, SAR, and Curie Temperature. We reviewed the achievements and limitations of the works in this field. A major issue with MNH is maintaining effective hyperthermia while preserving healthy tissue. Numerical modeling can predict temperature distribution and safely simulate hyperthermia. The most used bioheat transfer equation is Pennes' equation which includes a term for blood perfusion, an important factor for temperature distribution. While some models safely neglect it, most include blood perfusion term. Some recent models have also included large blood vessels, others used their own heat transfer models. This article reviews the different models and classifies them based on how they address blood flow. A need for studies with realistic tumor shapes was identified. The irregular shape of most tumors could result in less uniform temperature distribution than in the commonly used circular or spherical models. This article aims to identify potential future work to create more realistic tumor models.
Prediction of Surface Oil Rates for Volatile Oil and Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Al Dhaif Redha , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAllocated well production rates are crucial to evaluate the well performance. Test separators and flowmeters were replaced with choke formulas due to economic and technical issues special for high gas–oil ratio (GOR) reservoirs. This study implements Adaptive network-based fuzzy logic (ANFIS), and functional networks (FN) techniques to predict the oil rate through wellhead chokes. A set of data containing 1200 wells were obtained from actual oil fields in the Middle East. The data set included GOR, upstream and downstream pressure, choke size, and actual oil and gas rates based on the well test. GOR varied from 1000 to 9265 scf/stb, while oil rates ranged between 1156 and 7982 stb/d. Around 650 wells were flowing under critical flow conditions, while the rest were subcritical. Seventy percent of the data were used to train the artificial intelligence (AI) models, while thirty percent of the data were used to test and validate these models. The developed AI models were then compared against the previous formulas. For subcritical flow conditions, rate prediction was correlated to both upstream and downstream pressures, while at critical flow conditions, changes in the downstream pressure did not affect the prediction of the production rates. For each AI method, two models were developed for subcritical flow and critical flow conditions. The average absolute percent error (AAPE) in the case of subcritical flow for ANFIS and FN were 0.88, and 1.01%, respectively. While in the case of critical flow, the AAPE values were 1.07, and 1.3% for ANFIS and FN models, respectively. All developed AI models outperform the published formulas, where the AAPE values for published formulas were higher than 34%. The results from this study will greatly assist petroleum engineers to predict the oil and gas rates based on available data from wellhead chokes in real-time with no need for additional operational costs or field intervention.
A Numerical Study Into the Use of Auxectic Structures for Structural Damping in Composite Sandwich Core Panels for Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Khalid Seher Ahsan , Khan Abdul Munem , Shah Owaisur Rahman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for energy necessitates the use of renewable energy sources such as wind energy. Wind turbines are widely used to convert wind energy into electrical and mechanical energy, with designs constantly being improved to increase efficiency and power. The turbine blades are considered as long cantilever structures, which are susceptible to vibrations that reduce the performance of the turbine. Honeycomb and closed cell foam sandwich structures have been previously used for turbine blade planking. In this research work, the use of an auxetic core instead of a honeycomb core is proposed for use in wind turbine blades to reduce structural vibrations. Different auxetic topologies are investigated and compared with the half-power method, and their vibration and damping behavior is analyzed in comparison with the conventional honeycomb core. It has been shown through finite element analysis simulations that both the damping ratios are higher and the vibration amplitudes are lower for the auxetic as compared with conventional closed celled structures like honeycombs.