bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Data Fusion Technology of Mobile Intelligent Robot Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Jingjing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the development of the Internet of Things, the increasing variety of sensors and the rapid development of sensor technology, multi-sensor data fusion technology has received more and more attention. And because of its strong survivability in solving problems such as detection, tracking and identification, it can enhance the detection performance, credibility and reliability of the system, improve the accuracy of measurement data, and expand the time and space coverage of the system. Multi-sensor The application of data fusion in various fields such as military, agriculture, and industry is becoming more and more frequent. Among them, the application of data fusion technology in the field of robotics research is also in a stage of rapid development, especially in mobile robots, the application of data fusion technology is more extensive. This paper analyses the multi-sensor data fusion technology used in existing mobile robots, and conducts reasonable design and research on the development of data fusion technology in the field of intelligent mobile robot research.
Generation and experimental reconstruction of optimized Fresnel random phase-only holograms
Authors: Velez-Zea Alejandro , Quinchia Santiago Bustamante , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy , Torroba Roberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a method for random phase optimization in the Fresnel domain that enables the fast generation of phase-only holograms (POHs). Our proposal consists of applying the iterative Fresnel transform algorithm (IFrTA) to optimize a random phase with the parameters of a given holographic projection system. Then, the resulting optimized Fresnel random phase is used for the generation of POHs of several objects. We compare the performance of our proposed method to the direct generation of holograms using IFrTA, and quantitatively study the quality of the reconstructed object varying the generation parameters. Our results show significantly improved computation speed and minor loss of accuracy compared with the direct application of the IFrTA. We present both numerical and optical reconstructions obtained with a holographic projection scheme based on a phase-only spatial light modulator to verify the validity and effectiveness of our proposal.
The effects of monomer on the diffusion behavior of drug molecules in acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Qian Jun , Fang Minghui , Guo Ruilin , Shi Yifeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is widely used in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). In this study, PSAs with different monomer proportion were synthesized, the effects of soft monomer/hard monomer ratio on the diffusion of drug molecules were investigated by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR) measurement and molecular dynamics simulation. The accuracy of the diffusion coefficient was confirmed by the consistency of the results from the above two methods. Based on the characterization of diffusion behavior, the diffusion mechanism was revealed. Three dominant factors, which affect the diffusion behavior: the wriggling of the polymer chain, the free volume and the drug-PSA interaction, were discussed. The wriggling of the polymer chain and the free volume of PSA are positive to the diffusion process while drug-PSA interaction is negative. Through the synergy of the three factors, the diffusion rate of drug molecules in PSA can be controlled by adjusting the proportion of soft monomer and hard monomer.
Adsorptive removal of permanganate anions from synthetic wastewater using copper sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Aljohani Meshari M H , AL-Aoh Hatem A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The performance of Copper Sulfide (CuS) was evaluated as sorbent material for Permanganate ions (

MnO

4

−

). The influences of pH,

MnO

4

−

concentration, sorption time and temperature were inspected. The outcomes of this study approved that the sorbate primary concentration of 1200 mg l−1, solution pH of 1.5, 90 min sorption time and temperature of 60 °C are the optimal conditions for

MnO

4

−

sorption by CuS. The study also revealed that the kinetic model of second order and model of Langmuir isotherm describe well the experimental data of this sorption. Furthermore, significant sorption capacities of 769.23, 909.09, 1111.11 and 1250.00 mg g−1 were resulted at 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C, one-to-one. Additionally, thermodynamic outcomes confirmed that the nature of

MnO

4

−

sorption by CuS is a heat-absorbing and spontaneous.
Performance evaluation of cellulose nanofiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Mohd Kasim Noor Azilah , Knight Victor Feizal , Abdul Halim Norhana , Ahmad Shah Noor Aisyah , Mohd Noor Siti Aminah , Jamal Siti Hasnawati , Ong Keat Khim , Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin , Ahmad Farid Mohammed Abdillah , Jenol Mohd Azwan , Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has become an avidly researched material in cutting edge research fields involving prominent researchers, both in academia and industry. This has become an exciting time reaching beyond just scientific curiosity as CNF is beginning to enter various marketplaces. CNF shows unique and potentially useful features, which includes abundance, high specific surface area, renewability, high strength, eco-friendliness and high crystallinity. It is an excellent material for polymer reinforcement. Many studies have been conducted to understand the effects of CNF as a filler in polymer composites. Interestingly, most CNF polymer composites have shown a better mechanical performance compared to the neat base polymer. Thus, this enhances the application of CNF into reinforced polymer composites in several industries such as automotive, packaging, medical implant, electronics, building material and paper. Therefore, in this review, the performances of CNF polymer composites are carefully evaluated. Beyond that, several factors influencing the performance of these composites are discussed.
1 Quality of Care Transitions: Older Adults’ Experiences in An Integrated Care Trust
Authors: Thorley N , Chakravorty M , Schiff R , Oikonomou E , Symes R , Seymour E , Vincent C ,   PACT group
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The transition of care from hospital to home is a high-risk time for older adults. The Partners at Care Transitions (PACT) programme aims to improve safety and quality of care transitions. We aimed to test the feasibility of using the Partners at Care Transitions Measure (PACT-M) to evaluate older adults’ experiences of the transition from hospital to home in an Inner London Integrated Care Trust and to identify factors impacting transition quality.

Methods
The PACT-M, a validated patient-reported questionnaire designed to evaluate care transitions, was administered to patients ≥65 years at 7, 30 and 90 days post-discharge. Likert scores were analysed quantitatively and manual thematic analysis performed on free-text comments.

Results
101 participants were recruited. Mean age 77.8 years. 84, 70 and 65 participants completed follow-up at 7, 30 and 90 days, respectively.
Factors impacting patients’ experience of transition quality are shown in Table 1.

Conclusions
5 Quality Improvement Project (QIP): A Teamwork Approach to Optimise Fluid Intake in Older Inpatients #ButFirstADrink
Authors: Vourliotis N , Grimshaw K , Harris R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The shortfalls of hydration management have been widely exposed since the Frances report in 2013. Age-related changes create challenges for people to drink adequate fluid amounts (Nazarko, 2018), making dehydration prevention in older people an ongoing public health priority (NICE, 2016). Hydration needs of older people are complex and may not be fully understood. A proactive MDT approach to facilitate regular drinking opportunities seems an achievable solution to increase hydration awareness, knowledge and daily fluid intake in older inpatients.
A QI methodology was used, including stakeholder engagement and PDSA learning cycles to influence, engage and educate staff on hydration management. Outcome measures: Fluid intake (ml/day), number of drinks/days based on fluid balance chart recordings. Interventions: Sharing the #ButFirstADrink social media hydration movement, which includes educational posters, flyers and a YouTube video. Face to face drop-in education sessions were implemented using local hydration education resources from Age UK Salford and GM nutrition and hydration programme as teaching tools. SPC charts were used to show a time-series data. In 15 weeks, 461/525 fluid charts were reviewed from 169 patients. Mean age was 84 years and 68% females. Average daily fluid intake increased by 25% (exceeding aim) indicating 176mls more fluid was offered on average/day. Mean number of drinks/days increased from 4.6 to 6 post interventions.
Knowledge and attitude improved in some areas; however fluid output is not routinely recorded. Post intervention, 89% of staff felt that offering a drink at first contact is a suitable hydration promotion campaign. The project scored 58% using the NHS sustainability model (ACT Academy, 2018) suggesting reason for optimism. As it is a behaviour change project, further engagement and momentum is dependent on ongoing enthusiasm to drive the #ButFirstADrink approach. This intervention is free, simple and innovative and stimulates behaviour change, raises drinking awareness and increases hydration.
10 Fear of Falling in Community Dwelling Ambulatory Older Patients: Associations with Physiological Falls Risk, Cognition and Mood Disorders
Authors: Dolphin H , McFeely A , Kennelly S , Mello S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Fear of falling (FOF) is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes including increased risk of falls1, and more rapid decline in physical and cognitive function2. We aim to determine the prevalence of FOF amongst ambulatory community dwelling older adults attending an Age-Related Day Hospital, and to describe it’s associations with cognition, mood disorders, frailty and mobility measures.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on 50 patients attending the Day Hospital. Baseline demographics collected include comorbidities, medications, and falls history. Objective mobility measurements include the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and grip strength. Patients were divided into two groups based on their answer to the question, “Are you afraid of falling?” Differences between groups were compared using chi-squared test.

Results
The average age of Day Hospital attendees was 85 (SD X). 62% were male. Three quarters of patients experienced a recent fall, and half admitted to FOF. Those with FOF were more likely to be dependent in personal care (27% vs 16%, p = 0.15) and use a walking aid (69% vs 58%, p = 0.02). They were also more likely to be prescribed psychoactive medications (53% vs 45%, p = 0.42), and have a diagnosis of anxiety (4% vs 0%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Both having a falls history and FOF is prevalent in our Day Hospital population. FOF is associated with high physiological risk of falling, increased dependency, and anxiety. Standardization of mobility measures and potential screening for cognitive and mood disorders in patients with FOF will aid in further development of targeted interventions.
17 Conversations on Living and Dying: Facilitating Advance Care Planning for Older People Living with Frailty. A Qualitative Study
Authors: Combes S , Nicholson C , Gillett K , Norton C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Advance care planning (ACP) is a process that supports people to articulate their future care preferences. This process is a priority for older people living with frailty due to their vulnerability to sudden deterioration, something that has been highlighted during the current pandemic. However, ACP is uncommon for older people living with frailty, hindering choice and person-centred end-of-life care. This study aimed to identify the barriers, facilitators and behaviours required to support cognitively-able, community-dwelling older people living with frailty to engage with ACP. Findings will inform the development an ACP intervention underpinned by behavioural change theory.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with community-dwelling older people living with frailty (Clinical Frailty Score 6 or 7) and family members were audio-recorded, filmed and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis framework was developed using a recent systematic review, and expanded to reflect new themes.

Results
Ten older people living with frailty and eight family members were interviewed. The older people’s median age was 85 and seven were female. Family members were spouses (n = 4) and children (n = 4). The key findings were that: the meaning of ACP could be unclear and at times confusing; many of the older people believed ACP was not relevant to them; relationships and relational autonomy were of greater relevance to older people than autonomous decision-making; older people were more interested in living well now than in planning for the future.

Conclusions
Older people living with frailty need to be engaged with ACP in a way that helps them to understand what ACP is and why it is relevant for them. Professionals need to develop their skills in assessing readiness and facilitating ACP conversations with this population at the older person’s pace. Reframing ACP to include living well now alongside encouraging family inclusion would also relate better to this populations’ lives.
22 Coping with Medicines After Hospital Discharge; the Invisible Work of Older Patients and Their Care-Givers
Authors: Tomlinson J , Smith H , Silcock J , Karban K , Fylan B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Older patients often experience medication-related problems following discharge from hospital. These can be categorised as issues with obtaining medication, taking medication, medication effects or problems with communication or care co-ordination (Nicosia et al., Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05463-z). The aim of this study was to explore older adults’ experiences of post-discharge medicines management, including the strategies they use to safely manage their changed medicines.

Methods
Following ethical approval, patients aged 75 and above, with a change in their long term medicines, were recruited during admission to one of two hospitals in Yorkshire. Semi-structured interviews took place with the participants in their own homes, approximately two weeks after discharge. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using the Framework method.

Results
Twenty-seven patients (mean age 85 years; 6 males) consented to be interviewed. They described multiple self-management and safety strategies used to support medicines management in the early post-discharge phase. The work done included adaptations (to routines, the home environment and action plans), scaffolding (where patients and their care-givers support the primary care system by providing additional documentation or prompts to ensure medicines were supplied on time and were correct) and error avoidance (seeking information, performing checks and balances).

Conclusion
Older patients experience gaps in their post-discharge medicines-related care which they had to bridge through implementing their own strategies or by enlisting support from others. This study shines a spotlight on to the invisible work that patients have to do in order to make post-discharge medicines management fit for purpose. Further work should consider those patients who are not able to carry out these tasks or who do not have any care-givers available for support and how this potential gap in care can be addressed.
23 Frailty, Older Age-Associated Conditions, and Multimorbidity Amongst People Experiencing Homelessness in A Hostel in London
Authors: Rogans-Watson R , Shulman C , Lewer D , Armstrong M , Hudson B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face poor health outcomes and extreme health inequity, and evidence suggests earlier onset of older age-associated conditions and signs of premature ageing. This is the first UK study to assess frailty in this population. The objective was to assess frailty, age-associated conditions, and multimorbidity in PEH residing in hostel accommodation, drawing comparisons with population data.

Methods
Participants were drawn from a hostel in London for PEH aged over 30. Age-associated conditions were identified using validated tools and a questionnaire modelled on comprehensive geriatric assessments. Participants’ keyworkers completed questionnaires to provide collateral information. Frailty was defined according to five criteria in Fried’s phenotype model: participants with three or more criteria are classified as frail, one or two criteria as vulnerable, and no criteria as not frail. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more long-term conditions in one person. Comparisons were made with population data from The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health Survey for England.

Results
Thirty-three people participated (83% of eligible residents), with a mean age of 55.7 years (range 38–74). Frailty was identified in 18/33 participants (55%), with 13/33 (39%) classified as vulnerable, and 2/33 (6%) as not frail. Participants met an average of 2.6/5 frailty phenotype criteria, comparable to 90-year-olds in the general population. The most common age-associated conditions identified were: falls (in 61%), visual impairment (61%), low grip strength (61%), mobility impairment (52%), and cognitive impairment (45%). Multimorbidity was present in all thirty-three participants.

Conclusions
A wide range of unmet health needs was identified. The high prevalence of frailty and age-associated conditions support evidence of premature ageing, indicating a need to include holistic older-age assessments in PEH at a younger age. Involvement of health professionals with experience of working with older people could contribute to improving health outcomes for homeless patients.
24 Loneliness, Social Isolation and Frailty Among Older Adults in England: Results From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Davies K , Maharani A , Chandola T , Todd C , Pendleton N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Ten percent of over 65 s and between a quarter and half of over 85 s are frail. Loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased falls, rates of hospitalisation and mortality. Lonely and socially isolated older adults may also be at risk of frailty. We examined the relationship between loneliness, social isolation and incident frailty among older adults in England longitudinally over 12 years.

Methods
The study sample are 9,171 older adults aged ≥50 years participating in a population representative longitudinal panel survey, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Waves 2–8. To define frailty across the biannual waves, we used the Frailty Index (FI), analysed continuously and into categories (FI ≤0.08 non-frail, 0.08–0.25 pre-frail and ≥ 0.25–1 frail). We used baseline (Wave 2): loneliness measure using the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale; social isolation measure using previously reported method (Banks et al. The Institute for Fiscal Studies. 2006.). Both were categorised into low/medium/high. To examine relationships, we used linear mixed methods modelling (for the continuous FI), and Cox proportional hazard model (for the categorical FI).

Results
Loneliness (β = 0.023; 95% CI = 0.022, 0.025) and social isolation (β = 0.007; 95% CI = 0.003, 0.010) were significantly associated with increased FI, after adjusting for cofounders (gender, age, marital status, smoking status and wealth). There was a 60% greater relative risk of belonging to the frail class with a medium loneliness score compared to low (HR = 1.570; 95% CI 1.492, 1.652) and a 160% greater relative risk with high loneliness score compared to low (HR = 2.621; 95% CI 2.488, 2.761). Although less pronounced, there was a 1% greater relative risk of developing frailty with a medium social isolation score compared to low (HR = 1.010, 95% CI 1.010, 1.197) and a 30% greater relative risk with high social isolation score compared to low (HR = 1.267; 95% CI 1.154, 1.390).

Conclusions
Our research indicates both loneliness and social isolation increase risk of developing frailty, expanding on previous evidence. This provides further support to the importance of understanding approaches to promote social inclusion of older adults.
25 Sarcopenia, Long-Term Conditions, and Multimorbidity From Mid-Life to Later Life: Findings From 499,046 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Dodds R M , Granic A , Robinson S M , Sayer A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and mass, predicts adverse outcomes and becomes common with age. There is recognition that sarcopenia may occur at younger ages in those with long-term conditions (LTCs) as well as those with multimorbidity (the presence of two or more LTCs), but their relationships have been little explored. Our aims were to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in UK Biobank, a large sample of men and women aged 40–70 years, and to explore relationships with different categories of LTCs and multimorbidity.

Methods
We used data from 499,046 participants in the baseline of UK Biobank. Our main outcome was probable sarcopenia based on maximum grip strength below sex-specific cut-points. Participants’ LTCs were recorded during an interview and categorised against a hierarchy. We used logistic regression to examine the independent associations between each category of LTCs and probable sarcopenia, including adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. We also examined the association with multimorbidity.

Results
Probable sarcopenia had an overall prevalence of 5.3% and increased with age. The categories with the strongest associations with probable sarcopenia were musculoskeletal/trauma (OR 2.17 [95% CI: 2.11, 2.23]), endocrine/diabetes (OR 1.49 [95% CI: 1.45, 1.55]), and neurological/psychiatric (OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.34, 1.43]) LTCs. Almost half of the sample (44.5%) had multimorbidity and they were at nearly twice the odds of probable sarcopenia (OR 1.96 [95% CI: 1.91, 2.02]) compared to those without.

Conclusions
We have shown an overall prevalence of 5.3% of probable sarcopenia at ages 40–70 in UK Biobank. The risk of probable sarcopenia was higher in those with some categories of LTCs, suggesting that these groups may stand to benefit from assessment of sarcopenia, during mid-life as well as old age.