bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of a Consultation Using the Two‐Circles Method With a Junior High School Teacher1
Authors: Ayashiro Hatsuho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo resolve various problems in schools, a “school as a team” approach for teachers to cooperate with other professionals as well as other teachers has been introduced in Japan. Consultations are one method school counselors use to support teachers as a team. This study examines a consultation case using the two‐circles method based on narrative therapy and discusses the possibilities and challenges when using this method in Japan. Using a case study analysis, the author found that the two‐circles method contributed positively to the consultation by externalizing the problem, gathering local knowledge, visualizing the participants' narratives, and applying scaffolding to develop the consultee's story. The results suggest that this method could be useful for achieving the “school as a team” approach because it combines teachers' narratives to resolve problems in schools.
Normative (and objective) analysis in Sraffa's system
Authors: D'Agata Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the exception of Pasinetti's work on structural change, the sraffian literature remains silent on normative issues. By generalizing Smith's notion of free competition, this paper identifies and formalizes an ideal social arrangement yielding a unique income distribution configuration which is fair in terms of the “equality of opportunity” norm, and which can be used as a benchmark for normative analysis in Sraffa's system. In this hypothetical economy, the price vector, the wage rate and the profit rates depend only on physical quantities. The relation between this result and Sraffa's “physical real cost” theory of value and distribution is also discussed.
Relationships of wind speed and precipitable water vapor with regional PM2.5 based on WRF‐Chem model
Authors: Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAir pollution, especially the particulate matter (PM2.5) remains to be a severe problem for the environmental managers and researchers because it causes many respiratory diseases even casualties and huge economic losses. Therefore, it is significant to study the distribution characteristics of regional PM2.5 and analyze the mutual influence relationship between it and some influencing factors including air humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric boundary conditions. Some scholars have studied the relationship between PM2.5 and the atmospheric planetary boundary layer or relative humidity. However, the relationships between air pollution and meteorological conditions in China has been extensively studied in recent years. Therefore, the association between the pollution and precipitation water vapor and wind speed in the northeast of China (e.g., Jilin and Heilongjiang province) could be strengthened. Considering all components in the atmosphere affecting each other and the ability of Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) and WRF‐Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) simulating all of the atmospheric parameters, we utilized the WRF and WRF‐Chem to simulate the precipitable water vapor, wind speed, and PM2.5. Then first, the PM2.5 concentration values predicted from WRF‐Chem are validated with those at the ground stations to evaluate the accuracy of WRF‐Chem model. Second, the relationship analysis between the PM2.5 and wind speed or PWV was done. And the results demonstrate that the wind is helpful to decrease the severe air pollution in winter while the precipitable water vapor plays a small effect on the elimination of the particulate matter. WRF‐Chem is a potential and effective tool for the study of air pollution.
Overt and covert attention shifts to emotional faces: Combining EEG, eye tracking, and a go/no‐go paradigm
Authors: Kulke Louisa , Brümmer Lena , Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Schacht Annekathrin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn everyday life, faces with emotional expressions quickly attract attention and eye movements. To study the neural mechanisms of such emotion‐driven attention by means of event‐related brain potentials (ERPs), tasks that employ covert shifts of attention are commonly used, in which participants need to inhibit natural eye movements towards stimuli. It remains, however, unclear how shifts of attention to emotional faces with and without eye movements differ from each other. The current preregistered study aimed to investigate neural differences between covert and overt emotion‐driven attention. We combined eye tracking with measurements of ERPs to compare shifts of attention to faces with happy, angry, or neutral expressions when eye movements were either executed (go conditions) or withheld (no‐go conditions). Happy and angry faces led to larger EPN amplitudes, shorter latencies of the P1 component, and faster saccades, suggesting that emotional expressions significantly affected shifts of attention. Several ERPs (N170, EPN, LPC) were augmented in amplitude when attention was shifted with an eye movement, indicating an enhanced neural processing of faces if eye movements had to be executed together with a reallocation of attention. However, the modulation of ERPs by facial expressions did not differ between the go and no‐go conditions, suggesting that emotional content enhances both covert and overt shifts of attention. In summary, our results indicate that overt and covert attention shifts differ but are comparably affected by emotional content.
On Modeling Worldviews in Quantitative Decision Support
Authors: Stern Paul C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo inform decisions under deep uncertainty, risk analysts need to consider how best to deal with the fact that stakeholders often do not share specific concerns or fundamental perspectives. Lempert and Turner propose that deliberation can improve if models incorporate three worldviews defined in social science theory. This commentary suggests that competence and legitimacy are more likely to emerge from deliberation when models are built inductively, inquiring first about stakeholders’ decision‐relevant concerns and then developing models to speak to them. The added complexity of Lempert and Turner's modeling approach presents difficult tradeoffs with accessibility and trust.
The clinical and histopathologic effects of potentiated chlorhexidine in the upper respiratory tract of horses
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Engiles Julie B. , Richardson Dean W. , Levine David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of a 0.0005% chlorhexidine (CHD) solution potentiated with EDTA‐Tris buffers (CHD‐EDTA‐Tris) and evaluate the safety of 0.0005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris in the upper respiratory tract (URT) of normal horses.Study DesignClinical, prospective study.AnimalsEight healthy, skeletally mature horses.MethodsIn vitro—serial dilutions of CHD‐EDTA‐Tris and EDTA‐Tris alone were evaluated for bactericidal and fungicidal activity againstAspergillus fumigatus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus equisubspecies ssp.equi,Streptococcus equissp.zooepidemicus, andPseudomonas aeruginosa. In vivo—eight healthy horses were topically treated twice with 30 ml of 0.0005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris. Mucosal samples from each location were evaluated for the presence of inflammation or pathologic lesions.ResultsSolutions containing CHD were superior in fungal and bacterial killing to those without. In vitro—a 0.005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris was 100% effective against all bacterial and fungal species evaluated, while a 0.0005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris was less efficacious againstA. fumigatusandS. equissp.equi. In vivo—a 0.0005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris did not cause any clinical, gross, or histologic abnormalities when topically applied to the equine URT.ConclusionsA 0.0005% CHD‐EDTA‐Tris was highly effective for killing of common bacterial and fungal isolates in the equine upper respiratory tract. Short‐term topical treatment of the equine URT with dilute CHD did not cause gross or histological inflammation in the tissue.Clinical SignificanceA 0.0005% CHD solution with EDTA‐Tris should be considered for treatment of clinically relevant inflammatory or infectious conditions or in the URT of the horse.
The Effect of Heat Transfer on Turbine Performance
Authors: Jardine Lachlan , Miller Robert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For over 50 years, high-pressure gas turbine blades have been cooled using air bled from the compressor. This cooling results in very high rates of heat transfer, both within the fluid and within the blade. The heat transfer often occurs across large differences in temperature and thus is highly irreversible. It is therefore surprising that little is understood about the effect of this heat transfer on turbine performance. This paper solves this problem by applying a new method known as mechanical work potential, or euergy, analysis. The key consequence of the analysis is that the value placed on all heat, relative to work, becomes set by the Joule (Brayton) cycle efficiency. This means that when heat is transferred locally within a flow, or when viscous reheat occurs, the value of this heat should be set by the Joule cycle efficiency. This paper demonstrates how the new method can be implemented both in the preliminary design systems and in the analysis of conjugate CFD solutions of complex engine representative components. The new method provides the cooling designer with a new way of raising turbine efficiency, a form of recuperation locally in the flow. This method offers the exciting potential to design cooling systems that, when added to a blade profile, actually reduces profile loss by up to 7.3%.
Integrally Bladed Rotor Mistuning Identification and Model Updating Using Geometric Mistuning Models
Authors: Beck Joseph A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Gillaugh Daniel L. , Carper Emily B. , Kaszynski Alex A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nonuniform manufacturing variations and uneven usage wear and damage, referred to as mistuning, can drastically alter the dynamic response of integrally blade rotors (IBRs). Optical scanners, combined with finite element model (FEM) mesh metamorphosis algorithms, have provided capabilities to create analytical models that reduce the effect of geometrical uncertainties in numerical predictions. However, deviations in material properties cannot be obtained via optical scanning, so additional approaches are needed. A geometric mistuning reduced-order model (ROM) is developed and modified to solve for unknown IBR sector eigenvalues that are linearly proportional to elastic modulus. The developed approach accounts for both proportional and nonproportional mistuning and allows updating of the elastic modulus for each sector in the ROM. Different tuned and mistuned modal reduction procedures are employed to understand the implications of each for identifying mistuning. Simulated test data with known inputs indicate the efficiency and accuracy of the method and improvements over using a traditional, tuned mode approach. The developed methods are then extended to bench-level traveling wave excitation (TWE) data to discern how sector frequencies vary due to geometry and modulus mistuning.
Optimization of Oxygen Delivery Within Hydrogels
Authors: Mavris Sophia M. , Hansen Laura M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has been continuously evolving since its inception over three decades ago with numerous new advancements in biomaterials and cell sources and widening applications to most tissues in the body. Despite the substantial promise and great opportunities for the advancement of current medical therapies and procedures, the field has yet to capture wide clinical translation due to some remaining challenges, including oxygen availability within constructs, both in vitro and in vivo. While this insufficiency of nutrients, specifically oxygen, is a limitation within the current frameworks of this field, the literature shows promise in new technological advances to efficiently provide adequate delivery of nutrients to cells. This review attempts to capture the most recent advances in the field of oxygen transport in hydrogel-based tissue engineering, including a comparison of current research as it pertains to the modeling, sensing, and optimization of oxygen within hydrogel constructs as well as new technological innovations to overcome traditional diffusion-based limitations. The application of these findings can further the advancement and development of better hydrogel-based tissue engineered constructs for future clinical translation and adoption.
Symbolic and Numeric Kernel Division for Graphics Processing Unit-Based Finite Element Analysis Assembly of Regular Meshes With Modified Sparse Storage Formats
Authors: Sanfui Subhajit , Sharma Deepak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient strategy to perform the assembly stage of finite element analysis (FEA) on general purpose graphics processing units (GPUs). This strategy involves dividing the assembly task using symbolic and numeric kernels, and thereby reducing the complexity of the standard single-kernel assembly approach. Two sparse storage formats based on the proposed strategy are also developed by modifying the existing sparse storage formats with the intention of removing the degrees-of-freedom-based redundancies in the global matrix. The inherent problem of race condition is resolved through the implementation of coloring and atomics. The proposed strategy is compared with the state-of-the-art GPU-based and central processing unit (CPU)-based assembly techniques. These comparisons reveal a significant number of benefits in terms of reducing storage space requirements and execution time and increasing performance (GFLOPS). Moreover, using the proposed strategy, it is found that the coloring method is more effective compared to the atomics-based method for the existing as well as the modified storage formats.
Experimental Investigation on the Change in Flow Boiling Characteristics Due to Boiling-Induced Copper Ageing
Authors: Jayaramu Prasanna , Jain Shashwat , Gedupudi Sateesh , Das Sarit K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heat sinks and heat exchangers based on flow boiling in mini/microchannels are expected to be more compact and efficient. One of the major challenges while using copper material for phase-change heat transfer application is the change in surface characteristics after prolonged usage due to the thermal oxidation of surface over time. This study involves the repeated experimental runs of flow boiling of water in a 1 mm hydraulic diameter end-milled copper channel to verify the influence of ageing on the thermal and hydraulic performance. As it is difficult to measure the surface wettability in a mini/microchannel, this work makes use of the ageing and surface characterization study conducted on the dummy copper samples to infer the influence of ageing on mini/microchannel surface characteristics and consequently its boiling performance. The test involves measuring over a period of time the wetting behaviors of the end-milled copper samples left in water at three different conditions: one in a constant temperature bath maintained at 60 °C and 1 atm and the remaining two in a pool of boiling water at 110 °C and 120 °C. The study compares the fresh sample and the aged sample for the surface oxidation, surface chemical composition and surface morphology, and discusses the changes in the contact angle and surface morphology caused by copper ageing.
Improving Hands-Free Speech Rehabilitation in Laryngectomized Patients: Preliminary Results of a Novel Intratracheal Fixation Device
Authors: Leemans Maartje , van Alphen Maarten J.A. , Dirven Richard , Verkerke Gijsbertus J. , Hekman Edsko E.G. , van den Brekel Michiel W.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Permanent hands-free speech with the use of an automatic speaking valve (ASV) is regarded as the optimal voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. Due to fixation problems, regular ASV use in laryngectomized patients is limited. We have developed a novel intratracheal fixation device (ITFD), composed of an intratracheal button augmented by a hydrophilic PVA foam exterior around its shaft. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ITFD’s feasibility in vitro, defined as an effective ASV fixation without causing mucosal tissue traumatization.
We found that when the expanded PVA foam is compressed less than 60% of its original thickness, it can potentially provide both a safe and effective ASV fixation in a range of tracheostoma morphologies; enough fixation to withstand pressures related to loud speech (approximately 6 kPa) without exerting excessive pressure (&gt;32 mmHg) which could lead to ischemic damage to the tracheal tissue.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of the ITFD in vitro that might improve stomal attachment of ASVs. The ITFD’s deformable foam exterior may provide an effective fixation in most laryngectomized patients, compared to commercially available fixation methods, without the need for a user-specific customization. The results of a clinical feasibility study in laryngectomized patients are pending.
Kirigami-Based Disposable Laparoscopic Instruments Under Direct Surgeon Control
Authors: Nelson Carl A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for fabricating inexpensive, disposable, articulated instruments for minimally invasive surgery based on Japanese paper arts. Building on the literature covering the kinematics of origami, we introduce an articulated instrument design with antagonistic tendon actuation. A general method for achieving a fixed motion scaling ratio in these types of systems is also presented. Kinematic simulations and prototyping demonstrate feasibility of this concept.
Advanced Surface System for Central Venous Catheter Insertion Training
Authors: Brown Dailen , Tzamaras Haroula , Gonzalez-Vargas Jessica M. , Miller Scarlett , Moore Jason 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An advanced surface for Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) training and evaluation was designed using sensorization techniques, including the use of a hall effect sensor array to measure the insertion depth of a catheter. The sensor array was tested for accuracy in both static and dynamic scenarios, and was found to be sufficiently accurate; measuring position with an accuracy of ±1.1 mm on average. The highest deviations in measured positions were located at the extreme ends of the array where calculations rely on only a single sensor. The maximum deviation in measured position was found to be 3.5 mm. This low-cost system of catheter measurement has the potential to improve feedback and assessment of CVC training.
Emergency Design and Production of Level 1 Hospital Gowns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu John , Kerber James , Saliterman Steven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a massive shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) across the United States. To alleviate the crisis, efforts to develop rapidly-producible PPE should be explored. Herein, we present the rapid design and production process of level 1 hospital gowns to address this dire shortage at a large academic healthcare organization taken by a team of student engineers at the University of Minnesota. We detail the collaborative process of gown design, considering its constraints (time, cost, material, rapid producibility, volume, and delivery), in addition to how material manufacturers and converters were identified to alleviate this crisis.
Sensorization of Medical Trays for Tray-Based Surgical Procedure Simulation
Authors: Tzamaras Haroula M. , Brown Dailen , Gonzalez-Vargas Jessica M. , Moore Jason , Miller Scarlett R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A concept for a sensorized medical tray in conjunction with real-time visual cues to aid medical residents in learning the steps of complicated tray-based medical procedures, such as central venous catheterization, was designed and tested as a first iteration. This paper outlines the selection of an LED screen to illuminate various medical devices and the testing of simple magnetic reed switches to use as sensors to track the movement of various medical tools from a tray. While this concept was designed around central venous catheterization, this work is translatable to any medical procedure using a pre-packaged plastic tray.
Design of Response Channels to Augment Speech and Language Rehabilitation in Children with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Venkatesh Kavyashree , Karia Deval , Jayaprakash Sangeeth Geetha , Nair Rishank Santosh , Manalel Littina George , A. Ramesh , Arora Manish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hearing impairment impedes the normal development of speech and language skills in children. Lack of auditory stimulation restricts the ability of children to communicate using spoken language. Consequently, this hinders educational, social and career choices for children as they grow up. The standard of care for children with hearing impairment involves providing appropriate amplification devices (external/implanted) followed by speech and language therapy. The process of therapy is time and labor-intensive for all stakeholders. Regular compliance to therapy requires considerable time commitment by the parent/caretaker, which further implies a cost burden pertaining to therapy sessions and/or loss of wages. These challenges are compounded by the dearth, and a skewed distribution of qualified speech therapists in resource-constrained settings. An affordable intervention was proposed in our earlier work, wherein a smartphone application could facilitate home-based therapy for children with hearing impairment. Further discussions with stakeholders led to identification of other drawbacks in the current system of rehabilitation including lack of means to monitor and track the child’s progress during home-therapy. In this work, we propose the use of response channels to serve as quantitative metrics in analyzing and quantifying a child’s progress during the process of therapy. This technology-based solution may strengthen the support framework available for parents/caregivers to provide home-based therapy on a regular basis, and possibly reduce the need for frequent visits to the institution.
Design of a Flexure-Based Compliant Grasper for the Master Arm of a Surgical Robot
Authors: Chandrasekaran Karthik , Somayaji Adarsh , Thondiyath Asokan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A master arm of a tele-operated surgical robot serves as an input device to the system. A master arm typically has 6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) input apart from grasping input used to control the grasping motion of the surgical tool located at the slave arm. The typical design of a master arm grasper makes use of either a gear driven or a crank-slider linkage to capture the grasping input from the surgeon. Such a mechanism has several moving components and needs joints with minimal clearance for reliable operation. A compliant mechanism that features a joint-less design offers superior performance and would serve as an ideal replacement for such a mechanism. This paper presents the design and analysis of a master arm grasper based on a partially compliant mechanism. An inherent advantage of the proposed mechanism for this application is the reduced number of components. Design details and the pseudo-rigid body analysis of the grasper are presented. A prototype of the grasper has been fabricated, and experimental verifications were carried out. The grasper was integrated into a custom-built master arm manipulator to demonstrate its utility in a surgical robot. Results show that the compliant grasper performs well for its intended purpose.