bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Deliver a Conjugate of Functional Oligonucleotides and Photosensitizer to Induce Apoptosis for Enhancing Chemotherapy
Authors: Han Zhaoyu , Qian Yue , Wu Yiyang , Cai Yanfei , Jin Jian , Yang Zhaoqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks are highly porous and biodegradable and have found numerous applications in biomedicine. However, the traditional chemotherapy of MOF‐drug delivery system remains a great challenge because of adverse side effects and cell tolerance. In this work, we have fabricated a hybrid drug delivery system based on ZIF‐90 encapsulated with Doxorubicin (DOX) and Ce6‐G3139 for enhanced chemotherapy. The released DOX can enter cell nucleus and trigger cell death. In addition, the G3139 binds to the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl‐2 in tumor cells and related proteins are downregulated to inhibit cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the photosensitizer Ce6 carried by the nucleic acid will generate abundant reactive oxygen species under a near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation thus induces more cell apoptosis. It was worth mentioning that in vitro MTT test in the MCF‐7 cells assays revealed that DOX@ ZIF‐90/Ce6‐G3139 nanoparticles possessed stronger anticancer capability than free DOX or DOX@ ZIF‐90 nanoparticles indicating that the investigation offers an exciting new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chemotherapy.
Analysis of the Effect of Cusp‐Shaped Magnetic Fields on Heat, Mass, and Oxygen Transfer Using a Coupled 2D/3D Global Model
Authors: Kakimoto Koichi , Liu Xin , Nakano Satoshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recent development of power devices requires silicon wafers in the radial direction as well as in the depth direction in a low oxygen concentration. Magnetic fields such as transverse or cusp‐shaped magnetic fields are then applied to the silicon melt to reduce the oxygen concentration in the crystal, especially those 300 mm in diameter or larger. Several studies reported calculated results of reduced oxygen concentration in the melt with cusp‐shaped magnetic fields. However, few studies have reported on the 3D transfer processes of oxygen in the melt. This paper reports on the transfer mechanism of oxygen in silicon melts with 300‐mm‐diameter crystals under cusp‐shaped magnetic fields during the growth of silicon crystals via the Czochralski method. Using in‐house software with a coupled 2D/3D global model, this study examines the effects of the flow fields in the melt on heat, mass, and oxygen transfer as a function of the relative position between the zero‐Gauss plane and the melt.
Photocatalytic C−H Azolation of Arenes Using Heterogeneous Carbon Nitride in Batch and Flow
Authors: Wen Zhenghui , Wan Ting , Vijeta Arjun , Casadevall Carla , Buglioni Laura , Reisner Erwin , Noël Timothy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe functionalization of aryl C(sp2)−H bonds is a useful strategy for the late‐stage modification of biologically active molecules, especially for the regioselective introduction of azole heterocycles to prepare medicinally‐relevant compounds. Herein, we describe a practical photocatalytic transformation using a mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg‐CNx) photocatalyst, which enables the efficient azolation of various arenes through direct oxidation. The method exhibits a broad substrate scope and is amenable to the late‐stage functionalization of several pharmaceuticals. Due to the heterogeneous nature and high photocatalytic stability of mpg‐CNx, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused leading to greener and more sustainable routes, using either batch or flow processing, to prepare these important compounds of interest in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
Pleomorphic liposarcoma with liver metastasis diagnosed by combined fine‐needle aspiration cytology and core‐needle biopsy
Authors: Ciliberti Valeria , Cretella Pasquale , Zeppa Pio , Caputo Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is the rarest liposarcoma subtype, with high‐local recurrence and metastasis rates. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is successfully used in the diagnosis of primary or metastatic soft tissue tumors, but liver metastases of PLPS diagnosed by FNAC have never been reported. The cytological diagnosis depends on the identification of lipoblasts with sharply defined cytoplasmic vacuoles indenting and distorting the nucleus in the context of a pleomorphic tumor and in a proper clinical and imaging context. Despite its aggressive behavior, hematogenous liver metastases are rare, with just one case reported in literature. A case of PLPS liver metastasis and concomitant primary tumor diagnosed by FNAC and core needle biopsy is herein described.
Combining DNA metabarcoding and ecological networks to inform conservation biocontrol by small vertebrate predators
Authors: Mata Vanessa A. , da Silva Luis P. , Veríssimo Joana , Horta Pedro , Raposeira Helena , McCracken Gary F. , Rebelo Hugo , Beja Pedro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn multifunctional landscapes, diverse communities of flying vertebrate predators provide vital services of insect pest control. In such landscapes, conservation biocontrol should benefit service‐providing species to enhance the flow, stability and resilience of pest control services supporting the production of food and fiber. However, this would require identifying key service providers, which may be challenging when multiple predators interact with multiple pests. Here we provide a framework to identify the functional role of individual species to pest control in multifunctional landscapes. First, we used DNA metabarcoding to provide detailed data on pest species predation by diverse predator communities. Then, these data were fed into an extensive network analysis, in which information relevant for conservation biocontrol is gained from parameters describing network structure (e.g., modularity) and species roles in such network (e.g., centrality, specialization). We applied our framework to a Mediterranean landscape, where 19 bat species were found to feed on 132 insect pest species. Metabarcoding data revealed potentially important bats that consumed insect pest species in high frequency and/or diversity. Network analysis showed a modular structure, indicating sets of bat species that are required to regulate specific sets of insect pests. A few generalist bats had particularly important roles, either at network or module levels. Extinction simulations highlighted six bats, including species of conservation concern, which were sufficient to ensure that over three‐quarters of the pest species had at least one bat predator. Combining DNA metabarcoding and ecological network analysis provides a valuable framework to identify individual species within diverse predator communities that might have a disproportionate contribution to pest control services in multifunctional landscapes. These species can be regarded as candidate targets for conservation biocontrol, although additional information is needed to evaluate their actual effectiveness in pest regulation.
Clinical and prognostic implications of capillary density in patients with cardiac light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Kim Darae , Choi Jin‐Oh , Kim Kihyun , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Jung‐Sun , Jeon Eun‐Seok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsCardiac involvement is crucial factor determining outcomes of light chain (AL) amyloidosis. This study evaluated whether capillary density (CD) quantified from endomyocardial biopsy is associated with structural and functional parameters of amyloid heart. Also, we investigated whether capillary density improves the prognostic value of the current staging system in AL amyloidosis patients with cardiac involvement.Methods and resultsA total of 67 patients with biopsy‐proven AL cardiac amyloidosis were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography and EBM at the time of diagnosis. Left ventricle global longitudinal strain was evaluated on two‐dimensional strain echocardiography. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Amyloid load and capillary density were calculated on endomyocardial biopsy stained immunohistochemically with antibody against amyloid P and CD31, respectively.Among the study population, 37 patients (55.2%) were classified as Stage IV, and the cumulative incidence of death at 1 year was 34% (23 patients). A total of 65 (97%) patients underwent chemotherapy. CD showed a significant correlation with left ventricle global longitudinal strain (r = 0.274, P = 0.025), log N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide (r = −0.311, P = 0.005), and amyloid load (r = −0.438, P < 0.001). Patients with a CD ≤ 220/mm2 were at significantly higher risk of death than those with a CD > 220/mm2 (P = 0.026 by log‐rank test). A model based on the 2012 Mayo staging system and CD showed significantly better discrimination and reclassification ability than a model using the 2012 Mayo staging system alone (C‐index 0.582 vs.0.689, P for difference <0.001).ConclusionsCapillary density was significantly related to the severity of amyloid deposits in the myocardium and showed incremental prognostic value in addition to the 2012 Mayo staging system.
The Current Understanding of how 2D Polymers Grow Photochemically
Authors: Lackinger Markus , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D polymers are a relatively new class of macromolecules. Therefore, it is not astounding that so far research focused on how to provide access to this intriguing class of organic 2D materials, how to prove their existence, and how to assess their structural quality. Studies concerning the formation mechanism are comparatively scarce. We here collect and compare all the mechanistic information available for 2D polymer synthesis by photochemical means and point towards research directions to be followed in order to advance the fundamental understanding and, thus, fast development of this field. Because the two current starting situations for the photochemical synthesis of 2D polymers are layered single crystals and surface‐supported monolayers, the prominent analytical tools are X‐ray diffraction (XRD), local vibration spectroscopy, e. g. tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), e. g. low temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (LT STM) in ultra‐high vacuum (UHV), but also atomic force microscopy (AFM). With their advantages and shortcomings, they will therefore play an important role throughout this mini review.
Dance and yoga reduced functional abdominal pain in young girls: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Högström Sofie , Philipson Anna , Ekstav Lars , Eriksson Mats , Fagerberg Ulrika L. , Falk Elin , Möller Margareta , Sandberg Elin , Särnblad Stefan , Duberg Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFunctional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The evidence for existing treatments is mixed, and effective accessible treatments are needed. Dance, a rhythmic cardio‐respiratory activity, combined with yoga, which enhances relaxation and focus, may provide physiological and psychological benefits that could help to ease pain.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dance and yoga intervention on maximum abdominal pain in 9‐ to 13‐year‐ old girls with FAPDs.MethodsThis study was a prospective randomized controlled trial with 121 participants recruited from outpatient clinics as well as the general public. The intervention group participated in dance and yoga twice weekly for 8 months; controls received standard care. Abdominal pain, as scored on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised, was recorded in a pain diary. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the outcomes and effect sizes.ResultsDance and yoga were superior to standard health care alone, with a medium to high between‐group effect size and significantly greater pain reduction (b = −1.29, p = 0.002) at the end of the intervention.ConclusionsAn intervention using dance and yoga is likely a feasible and beneficial complementary treatment to standard health care for 9‐ to 13‐year‐old girls with FAPDs.SignificanceFAPDs affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The negative consequences such as absence from school, high consumption of medical care and depression pose a considerable burden on children and their families and effective treatments are needed. This is the first study examining a combined dance/yoga intervention for young girls with FAPDs and the result showed a reduction of abdominal pain. These findings contribute with new evidence in the field of managing FAPDs in a vulnerable target group.
Disability Access and Digital Platforms
Authors: Bowen Liz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe shift to online programming prompted by the Covid‐19 pandemic has enabled more people to attend more events. But there are dangers to drawing the conclusion that “online” automatically means “more accessible.” For people with disabilities, the platforms that have defined life during the pandemic have facilitated some forms of access while making others more difficult. Regardless of reopening plans, the possibility of remote work and learning will undoubtedly continue to develop and shape daily life for many years to come. What, then, do digital platforms owe the diverse range of users who depend on their technologies?
The Vaccination Cold War
Authors: Moreno Jonathan D. , Sándor Judit , Schmidt Ulf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSurveying the early responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic among nation states, one finds a veritable babel of responses, some predictable and some not. Would these results have been different half a century or more ago, when smallpox was eradicated and hopes were high that international cooperation would yield similar results for other infectious diseases? Is this a story about the stability provided by the bipolar postwar world, juxtaposed with the complex geopolitical repositioning that finally followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, or is that too rich an irony? A multipolar world may indeed be less prepared to cope with an international health crisis than a bipolar one. In any case, the patterns of global response are not only reminiscent of the Cold War era itself but also suggestive of a new vaccination cold war.
The University of California Crisis Standards of Care: Public Reasoning for Socially Responsible Medicine
Authors: Rajczi Alex , Daar Judith , Kheriaty Aaron , Dastur Cyrus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, the University of California convened the University of California Critical Care Bioethics Working Group, a team of twenty individuals tasked with developing a set of triage procedures. This article highlights several crucial components of the UC procedures and describes the reasoning behind them. The recommendations and the reasoning in the UC protocol are distinctive because of the emphasis the working group placed on grounding its decisions on the public's preferences for triage protocols. To highlight the distinctiveness of the recommendations and reasoning, this article contrasts the UC procedures with the triage procedures known as the “Pittsburgh framework.” Among the specific topics discussed are age discrimination, disability discrimination, the prioritization of critical workers for scarce resources, and triage priority for pregnant patients.
Structural Inequities, Fair Opportunity, and the Allocation of Scarce ICU Resources
Authors: White Douglas B. , Lo Bernard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe September‐October 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report highlights the important topic of allocating scarce critical care resources during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The article by Alex Rajczi and colleagues urges that policy‐makers use public reasoning, not private reasoning, when developing triage policies. We completely agree. We show how the allocation framework we developed as private scholars, the “Pittsburgh framework,” has been supported by public reasoning.The article by MaryKatherine Gaurke and colleagues criticizes rationing based on maximizing life‐years saved and mistakenly claims that our framework recommended this approach. We explain that our framework never contained such a criterion but instead included a more limited consideration of near‐term prognosis. In December 2020, in response to emerging data and important criticisms, we modified our framework to further strengthen equity. We are committed to improving allocation guidelines during crisis standards of care through reflective discussions and debates.
Against Exclusive Survivalism: Preventing Lost Life and Protecting the Disadvantaged in Resource Allocation
Authors: Persad Govind 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen life‐saving medical resources are scarce and not everyone can be saved, is the only relevant goal saving the most lives? Or can other factors be considered, at least as tiebreakers, such as how early in life the people we don't save will die or how much future life they are likely to lose? This commentary defends a multiprinciple allocation approach that considers objectives in addition to saving more lives, including preventing early death and preventing harm in the form of lost future life. Particularly compared to an arbitrary, coin‐flip tiebreaker, this multiprinciple approach more effectively prevents harm, prioritizes the worst‐off, mitigates socioeconomic and racial health disparities, and tracks public values regarding allocation under scarcity—and is legally sound.
Values across Ages
Authors: Gilleard Chris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnding Midlife Bias: New Values for Old Age, by Nancy Jecker, addresses what she sees as Western society's overvaluing of autonomy and undervaluing of dignity, a bias that she sees as particularly unsuited to old age. While she makes a strong case, two main problems challenge her approach. First, she characterizes later life by the diseases and disabilities associated with it, compressing its ever‐expanding social space into a narrow location where need trumps desire, and comfort companionship. Second, she considers few other values beyond the antagonism between being granted autonomy and being granted dignity. Human values extend beyond such pairing – and beyond the confines of any particular phase or stage of life. It is as if the author sees old age as an endless succession of Sundays, punctured by dull but respectful visits from grandchildren and great grandchildren. Later life lasts more than one day and deserves more than one value.
Frailty is associated with increased risk of cirrhosis disease progression and death
Authors: Wang Sarah , Whitlock Reid , Xu Chelsea , Taneja Sunil , Singh Surender , Abraldes Juan G. , Burak Kelly W. , Bailey Robert J. , Lai Jennifer C. , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The Liver Frailty Index (LFI) is a well‐studied tool that evaluates frailty in patients with cirrhosis. Consisting of grip strength, chair stands, and balance testing, the LFI has been associated with increased mortality in patients awaiting liver transplant. We aimed to extend our understanding of frailty in cirrhosis by exploring the relationship between the LFI and the risk of (1) cirrhosis progression, (2) mortality, and (3) unplanned hospitalizations, in both compensated and decompensated disease.

Approach and Results
Adult patients with cirrhosis from four centers in North America and one in India were included. Frailty was measured at baseline using the LFI and categorized as robust (LFI < 3.2), prefrail (LFI 3.2–4.5), and frail (LFI > 4.5). Progression of cirrhosis was defined by an increase in clinical stage, ranging from 1 to 5, from baseline using the D’Amico classification. Factors associated with progression, mortality, and hospitalizations were evaluated using multivariate regression models, with transplant as a competing risk. In total, 822 patients with cirrhosis were included. Average Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 15.5 ± 6.0. In patients with compensated cirrhosis, being frail versus robust was associated with increased risk of progression to the next cirrhosis stage or to death (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.14–5.29) and with an increased risk of unplanned hospitalizations (2.32; 95% CI, 1.13–4.79), after adjusting for age, sex, and MELD score. Similar HRs were observed in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Conclusions
Frailty was an independent predictor of cirrhosis progression or death and unplanned hospitalization across patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to evaluate the possibility of slowing cirrhosis disease progression by reversing or preventing frailty.
Understanding culturally safe aged care from the perspectives of older Aboriginal Australians in rural and remote communities
Authors: Parrella Adriana , Pearson Odette , Davy Carol , Barrie Helen , Mott Kathy , Morey Kim , D’Angelo Shane , Sambo Roxanne , Aitken Richard , Franks Christine , Canuto Kootsy , Brown Alex , Braunack‐Mayer Annette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIssue addressedAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples face challenges in accessing aged care and are less likely to use some services than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Culturally safe care is increasingly recognised as an enabler to improve access and quality of care. This study explored older Aboriginal peoples’ perceptions and experience of culturally safe aged care.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with sixty‐three older Aboriginal people, purposively sampled from three rural and remote geographic locations in South Australia, between April and October 2018, with participants who were both receiving and not receiving aged care services. We asked participants how organisations do or could meet their aged care needs. We analysed interview data inductively into themes. These themes were incorporated into six principles of culturally safe aged care which were subsequently endorsed by participants and study stakeholders.ResultsParticipants described culturally safe aged care services as those which facilitated or maintained connection to participants’ culture, traditional lands and community. Five themes were identified: maintaining cultural identity, culturally informed service delivery, culturally competent workforce, culturally supportive environments and partnerships and collaboration within the aged care service system.ConclusionAddressing cultural safety in aged care will require organisations to adapt their policies, service delivery, environments and work practices to meet the needs of older Aboriginal peoples. SO WHAT? Identifying culturally safe aged care from the perspectives of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples provides timely insight to how services may be better designed and implemented to promote quality of life.