bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 2 (Erk2) and Erk5 in the central nervous system differentially contribute to central sensitization in male mice
Authors: Matsuura Fumihiro , Satoh Yasushi , Itakura Sayako , Morohashi Toru , Kawaguchi Masanori , Takahashi Tetsuya , Iwanaga Koji , Terashima Hayato , Kobayashi Yasushi , Wang Xin , Ishizuka Toshiaki , Endo Shogo , Ikeda Takehiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNervous systems are designed to become extra sensitive to afferent nociceptive stimuli under certain circumstances such as inflammation and nerve injury. How pain hypersensitivity comes about is key issue in the field since it ultimately results in chronic pain. Central sensitization represents enhanced pain sensitivity due to increased neural signaling within the central nervous system (CNS). Particularly, much evidence indicates that underlying mechanism of central sensitization is associated with the change of spinal neurons. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases have received attention as key molecules in central sensitization. Previously, we revealed the isoform‐specific function of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (Erk2) in spinal neurons for central sensitization using mice with Cre‐loxP‐mediated deletion of Erk2 in the CNS. Still, how extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (Erk5) in spinal neurons contributes to central sensitization has not been directly tested, nor is the functional relevance of Erk5 and Erk2 known. Here, we show that Erk5 and Erk2 in the CNS play redundant and/or distinct roles in central sensitization, depending on the plasticity context (cell types, pain types, time, etc.). We used male mice with Erk5 deletion specifically in the CNS and found that Erk5 plays important roles in central sensitization in a formalin‐induced inflammatory pain model. Deletion of both Erk2 and Erk5 leads to greater attenuation of central sensitization in this model, compared to deletion of either isoform alone. Conversely, Erk2 but not Erk5 plays important roles in central sensitization in neuropathic pain, a type of chronic pain caused by nerve damage. Our results suggest the elaborate mechanisms of Erk signaling in central sensitization.
Development and evaluation of pre and post integration techniques for enhancing drought predictions over India
Authors: Kolluru Venkatesh , Kolluru Srinivas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate estimation and prediction of drought events are highly essential for implementing effective planning and management strategies to handle this complex natural phenomenon. Application of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) for integrating satellite precipitation products (SPPs), unlike gauge observations, can furnish precise drought estimations. In this study, we have proposed and tested two approaches (pre and post‐integration of SPPs) that deal with the prediction of drought employing 13 MLAs. Three SPPs are integrated under four combinations (involves two and three datasets integration) employing pre and post integration approaches to predict Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at various temporal scales (1, 3, 6 and 12‐month). From the overall results, Approach‐2 that involves estimation of drought before integration using MLAs proved effective than Approach‐1 (prediction of drought post‐integration). Neural Networks based Bayesian Regularization (NBR) under three dataset integration outperformed at all temporal scales and climatic zones of India when compared to the other 12 MLAs and two dataset integration combinations. The blended product (NBR) manifested enhancements in statistical results at all temporal scales and climatic zones. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ReAnalysis (ERA‐5) dataset performed better in predicting drought events in more climatic zones compared to Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) when compared against Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) dataset. In contrast, PERSIANN‐CDR proved effective in predicting drought at the country scale. ERA‐5 could be suitable for real‐time drought monitoring and prediction, whereas PERSIANN‐CDR can be used for retrospective drought analysis. The proposed approach and the best‐performed algorithm (NBR) can be extended and applied in any climatic region for enhancing the drought predictions where remotely sensed information are accessible even in regions with finite ground data availability.
Nutrition care practice patterns for patients with COVID‐19—A preliminary report
Authors: Ansu Velarie , Papoutsakis Constantina , Gletsu‐Miller Nana , Spence Lisa A. , Kelley Kathryn , Woodcock Lindsay , Wallace Taylor C. , Steiber Alison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a respiratory virus that poses risks to the nutrition status and survival of infected patients, yet there is paucity of data to inform evidence‐based quality care.MethodsWe collected data on the nutrition care provided to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs).ResultsHospitalized COVID‐19 patients (N = 101) in this cohort were older adults and had elevated body mass index. The most frequent nutrition problems were inadequate oral intake (46.7%), inadequate energy intake (18.9%), and malnutrition (18.4%). These problems were managed predominantly with enteral nutrition, food supplements, and multivitamin‐multimineral supplement therapy. Over 90% of documented problems required a follow‐up.ConclusionThis data set is the first of its kind to report on the types of nutrition diagnoses and interventions for COVID‐19 cases used by RDNs and highlights the need for increased and continued nutrition care.
Not herbs and forbs alone: pollen‐based evidence for the presence of boreal trees and shrubs in Cis‐Baikal (Eastern Siberia) derived from the Last Glacial Maximum sediment of Lake Ochaul
Authors: Kobe Franziska , Leipe Christian , Shchetnikov Alexander A. , Hoelzmann Philipp , Gliwa Jana , Olschewski Pascal , Goslar Tomasz , Wagner Mayke , Bezrukova Elena V. , Tarasov Pavel E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTA new accerator mass spectrometry (AMS)‐dated sedimentary record from Lake Ochaul (54°14′N, 106°28′E; 641 m a.s.l.) in Eastern Siberia covers the interval from ca. 27 850 to 20 400 cal a bp at ca. 180‐year resolution and contributes to a better understanding of the complex spatial vegetation pattern during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Non‐arboreal pollen taxa are abundant in the pollen assemblages (mean value ca. 92.6%), but boreal trees are represented by all major taxa that grow in the lake catchment today, including Betula sect. Albae (0.6–4.8%), Picea (0.6–2.8%), Pinus sibirica (Haploxylon type) (up to 1.5%), Pinus sylvestris (Diploxylon type) (up to 2%), Larix (up to 0.6%) and Abies (up to 0.6%). Betula sect. Nanae/Fruticosae (2–5.2%) and Salix (up to 3.2%) are the most representative boreal shrub taxa. Together with existing modern and fossil pollen data from the wider study region, the current record provides further evidence for the long‐debated presence of boreal trees and shrubs in Eastern Siberia throughout the LGM. Our results show that the Upper Lena was a region in which refugia for arboreal taxa existed and that far‐distant pollen transport can be ruled out as the source of the detected arboreal pollen.
Nobiletin promotes the pyroptosis of breast cancer via regulation of miR‐200b/JAZF1 axis
Authors: Wang Ji‐Guo , Jian Wen‐Jing , Li Yang , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus fruits, which has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumorigenesis of cancers. However, the biological function of nobiletin in breast cancer (BC) is largely unknown. To investigate the effect of nobiletin on growth of BC cells, the cell viability of BC was measured by MTT assay. In addition, gene and protein expressions were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot, respectively. The apoptosis and pyroptosis of BC cells were tested by flow cytometry. Finally, the correlation between miR‐200b and JAZF1 was detected by dual luciferase report. The data indicated that nobiletin inhibited the proliferation of BC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, miR‐200b mimics‐induced pyroptosis of BC cells was further increased by nobiletin. Meanwhile, JAZF1 was found to be the target of miR‐200b. Moreover, nobiletin induced apoptosis and pyroptosis of BC cells via miR‐200b/JAZF1/NF‐κB axis. In conclusion, nobiletin inhibited the tumorigenesis of BC via regulation of miR‐200b/JAZF1 axis. Thus, nobiletin might serve as a new agent for the treatment of BC.
Evaluation of Pharyngeal Background Mucosa in Patients with Superficial Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Watanabe Akihito , Shimizu Yuichi , Goda Kenichi , Ito Suguru , Nishimura Yusuke , Inoue Masaki , Taniguchi Masanobu 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTransoral surgery (TOS) has become increasingly popular for patients with superficial hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the number of patients in whom metachronous multiple SCC of the head and neck (HNSCC) occurs has also increased. In this study, we investigated whether multiple lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs) in the pharyngeal background mucosa observed during TOS would be a biomarker of metachronous HNSCC.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe examined 362 patients who underwent TOS for superficial hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Endoscopic images were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two endoscopists. LVLs in the pharyngeal mucosa were graded as follows: A, no lesions; B, 1 to 4 lesions; and C, ≥5 lesions per endoscopic view.ResultsCumulative incidence curves of secondary HNSCC in the groups of grades A, B, and C revealed 3‐year incidence rates of 14.4%, 18.8%, and 29.3%, respectively (P = .001 for A vs. C and P = .002 for B vs. C). Cumulative incidence curves of third HNSCC in the groups of grades A, B. and C revealed 5‐year incidence rates of 3.9%, 9.8%, and 19.6%, respectively (P = .001 for A vs. C and P = .006 for B vs. C). Cumulative incidence curves of fourth HNSCC in the groups of grades A, B, and C revealed 7‐year incidence rates of 0%, 2.3%, and 13.2%, respectively (P = .025 for A vs. C and P = .009 for B vs. C).ConclusionsMultiple LVLs in the pharyngeal mucosa increase the risk of development of metachronous multiple HNSCC.Level of Evidence3 (nonrandomized, controlled cohort/follow‐up study) Laryngoscope, 131:2036–2040, 2021
Understory removal accelerates nucleic phosphorus release but retards residual phosphorus release in decomposing litter of Phyllostachys edulis in subtropical China
Authors: Qiu Lijun , Zhang Yang , Mao Rong , Chen Fusheng , Liu Juan , Yang Guangyao , Wan Songze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of understory vegetation for ecosystem processes and functions, its contribution to the dynamics of phosphorus (P) fractions in decomposing litter has rarely been studied in subtropical plantations. Herein, by conducting an understory removal (UR) experiment in a moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation of South China, we assessed the effect of understory species on leaf litter mass loss and P fractions (inorganic P, sugar P, nucleic P, and residual P) of moso bamboo over a 12‐month incubation period. We also examined the effect of UR on soil physicochemical properties, as well as fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Our results showed that UR reduced litter decomposition rate (6.0–12.4%), but exhibited no effect on total P remaining in decomposing litter. Furthermore, UR produced variable effects on the amounts of P fractions in decomposing litter. Despite no changes were observed in the amount of inorganic and sugar P fractions, UR accelerated nucleic P release (3.0–6.6%), and residual P immobilization (9.2–27.9%) in decomposing litter. Moreover, UR increased fungal PLFAs (8.0–44.9%) but decreased bacterial PLFAs (18.7–36.8%) in the soil, leading to an increase in fungal to bacterial PLFAs ratio (34.5–80.9%). The correlation analysis showed that accelerated litter nucleic P release after UR was mainly attributed to the increases in soil fungal PLFAs, while decelerated litter residual P release was mainly resulted from the increased soil fungal PLFAs and decreased soil bacterial PLFAs. These results indicate that understory vegetation can mediate the dynamics of litter P fractions via its effect on soil microbial composition in subtropical plantations and suggest that understory vegetation is crucial to maintain soil P availability in moso bamboo plantations.
In‐air one‐point calibration of oxygen optodes in underway systems
Authors: Becker Meike , Olsen Are , Reverdin Gilles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShips of opportunity are a frequently used platform in surface ocean carbon observations and estimating the annual ocean carbon sink. For understanding the drivers behind changes in the ocean carbon system, oxygen measurements alongside the carbon dioxide measurements can be a valuable tool. We developed an in‐air calibration system for oxygen optodes in underway systems. The regular measurements of atmospheric oxygen enable us to correct for sensor drift and biofouling. This new system can help to obtain reliable oxygen data from underway applications, especially if the vessel is not easily accessible and a frequent recalibration of the optode is not feasible.
A theoretical and experimental study of phosphate ester inhibitors for AISI 1018 in carbon dioxide‐saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solution
Authors: Vasques Roberta Bastos , Levy Marjory Moreira , Rodrigues Matheus Souza , de Queiroz Almeida Neto Francisco Wagner , da Silva Leonardo Paes , Vaz Gustavo Leitão , Magalhães Álvaro Augusto Oliveira , de Lima‐Neto Pedro , Araújo Walney Silva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhosphate ester was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1018 carbon steel in carbon dioxide‐saturated chloride solutions at different temperatures and pressures. The corrosion tests were realized by electrochemical techniques, weight loss measurements, bubble tests, and a high‐pressure/high‐temperature autoclave system. The corrosion tests demonstrated that the investigated molecule is an excellent corrosion inhibitor. The inhibiting effect is even bigger at high pressure and temperature than at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and determined to obey the Langmuir isotherm. Polarization studies revealed that the evaluated inhibitor is a mixed type.
Ideals of multilinear mappings via Orlicz spaces and translation invariant operators
Authors: Mastyło Mieczysław , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study some new summability properties of multilinear operators. We introduce the concepts of φ‐summing, φ semi‐integral and φ‐dominated multilinear maps generated by Orlicz functions. We prove a variant of Pietsch's domination theorem for φ‐summing operators, providing also a characterization of φ‐dominated operators in terms of factorizations. We analyze vector‐valued inequalities associated to these maps, which are applied to obtain general variants of multiple summing operators. We also study translation invariant multilinear operators acting in products of spaces of continuous functions, proving that a factorization theorem can be obtained for them as a consequence of a suitable representation of the corresponding normalized Haar measure.
Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance study of polymorphism in tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinate)aluminium
Authors: Cross Callum , Cervini Luca , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Griffin John M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTris(8‐hydroxyquinolinate)aluminium (Alq3) is a metal–organic coordination complex, which is a widely used electroluminescent material in organic light‐emitting diode technology. Crystalline Alq3 is known to occur in five polymorphic forms (denoted α, β, γ, δ, and ε), although the structures of some of these polymorphs have been the subject of considerable debate. In particular, the structure of α‐Alq3, which is a model for the local structure in amorphous films used in devices, is highly complex and has never been conclusively solved. In this work, we use solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the local structure of four Alq3 samples. We find that the first structure proposed for α‐Alq3 is inconsistent with all of the samples studied, and DFT calculations further suggest that this structure is energetically unfavourable. Instead, samples containing the meridional (mer) isomeric form are found to contain local structures consistent with ε‐Alq3, and a sample containing the facial (fac) isomeric form is consistent with a mixture of γ‐Alq3 and δ‐Alq3. We also investigate the influence of different strategies for dispersion correction in DFT geometry optimisations. We find that a recently proposed modified semiempirical dispersion correction scheme gives good agreement with experiment. Furthermore, the DFT calculations also show that distinction between mer and fac isomers on the basis of ηQ that has been assumed in previous work is not always justified.
Steric and electronic effects on the 1H hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines by signal amplification by reversible exchange
Authors: Rayner Peter J. , Burns Michael J. , Fear Elizabeth J. , Duckett Simon B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUtility of the pyridazine motif is growing in popularity as pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents. The detection and structural characterisation of such materials is therefore imperative for the successful development of new products. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) offers a route to dramatically improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance methods, and we apply it here to the rapid and cost‐effective hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines. The 33 substrates investigated cover a range of steric and electronic properties and their capacity to perform highly effective SABRE is assessed. We find the method to be tolerant to a broad range of electron donating and withdrawing groups; however, good sensitivity is evident when steric bulk is added to the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the pyridazine ring. We optimise the method by reference to a disubstituted ester that yields signal gains of >9000‐fold at 9.4 T (>28% spin polarisation).
A one‐step method to manufacture biodegradable poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) bead foam parts
Authors: Cai Wenrui , Liu Pengju , Bai Shibing , Li Sai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPollution caused by waste plastic, particularly from the foam packages, is increasingly worse, and utilizing biodegradable material is considered a promising solution to handle this environmental issue. Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is a typical environment‐friendly polymer due to the recognized biodegradability and excellent mechanical performance. However, there have been very few works preparing PBAT bead foams via the supercritical fluid foaming technology, and the related foaming behavior is still unclear. In this study, we foamed PBAT and PBAT‐polylactide (PLA) beads using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc‐CO2) as a foaming agent, and the foaming behaviors of beads as well as the mechanical properties of bead foam parts manufactured by one‐step foaming method were systematically investigated. The incorporation of PLA enhanced the mechanical properties of the composition. At the optimal foaming conditions, the expansion ratio and cell density of PBAT/PLA foam were 13.44 and 4.08 × 108 cells/cm3, respectively. Benefitting from the uniform cell structure, the bead foam part showed excellent resilience and elasticity with adhesive strength of 0.57 MPa and compression strength of 1.05 MPa. Meanwhile, PBAT and PBAT‐PLA foam parts had high surface quality and good interbead sintering properties. PBAT can be a promising substitute for traditional non‐polymer foams for packaging, household, and automobile fields.
Clinical and research applications of multiplexed immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization
Authors: McGinnis Lisa M , Ibarra‐Lopez Veronica , Rost Sandra , Ziai James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, invention and adoption of novel multiplexing technologies for tissues have made increasing impacts in basic and translational research and, to a lesser degree, clinical medicine. Platforms capable of highly multiplexed immunohistochemistry or in situ RNA measurements promise evaluation of protein or RNA targets at levels of plex and sensitivity logs above traditional methods – all with preservation of spatial context. These methods promise objective biomarker quantification, markedly increased sensitivity, and single‐cell resolution. Increasingly, development of novel technologies is enabling multi‐omic interrogations with spatial correlation of RNA and protein expression profiles in the same sample. Such sophisticated methods will provide unprecedented insights into tissue biology, biomarker science, and, ultimately, patient health. However, this sophistication comes at significant cost, requiring extensive time, practical knowledge, and resources to implement. This review will describe the technical features, advantages, and limitations of currently available multiplexed immunohistochemistry and spatial transcriptomic platforms. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolution window in in situ polymerization preparation of polyamide single‐polymer composites
Authors: Song Le , Wang Xiulei , Xie Pengcheng , Ding Yumei , Dang Kaifang , Yang Weimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle‐polymer composites (SPCs) are promising composite materials in which the reinforcement and matrix have the same chemical composition. In situ polymerization shows a broad application potential for producing SPCs due to its wide temperature window. However, the dissolution of fiber reinforcements in the liquid monomer destroys the oriented chain structure of the fibers and affects the properties of SPCs. In this study, the polymerization time was adjusted by varying the activator dosage. The influence of the dissolution of fibers on the properties and the structure of SPCs was investigated. The maximum tensile strength was achieved at the highest activator dosage. A longer duration was required for the polymerization due to the low‐activator dosage, which led to the destruction of the oriented chain structure and the formation of a large amount of oligomers on account of the dissolution. Eventually, SPCs showed a low strength and a high deformation at break. In order to realize a good reinforcing effect, a sufficiently large dissolution window must be created by reducing the polymerization time. This study enhanced our understanding of the structure–property relationships of SPCs and provided a way to improve their mechanical characteristics.