bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic Signaling Disengages Feedforward Transmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell
Authors: Manz Kevin M. , Coleman Benjamin C. , Grueter Carrie A. , Shields Brenda C. , Tadross Michael R. , Grueter Brad A. 
Published: March 2021

The nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) receives extensive monoaminergic input from multiple midbrain structures. However, little is known how norepinephrine (NE) modulates NAc circuit dynamics. Using a dynamic electrophysiological approach with optogenetics, pharmacology, and drugs acutely restricted by tethering (DART), we explored microcircuit-specific neuromodulatory mechanisms recruited by NE signaling in the NAcSh of parvalbumin (PV)-specific reporter mice. Surprisingly, NE had little direct effect on modulation of synaptic input at medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). In contrast, we report that NE transmission selectively modulates glutamatergic synapses onto PV-expressing fast-spiking interneurons (PV-INs) by recruiting postsynaptically-localized α2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). The synaptic effects of α2-AR activity decrease PV-IN-dependent feedforward inhibition onto MSNs evoked via optogenetic stimulation of cortical afferents to the NAcSh. These findings provide insight into a new circuit motif in which NE has a privileged line of communication to tune feedforward inhibition in the NAcSh.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) directs reward-related motivational output by integrating glutamatergic input with diverse neuromodulatory input from monoamine centers. The present study reveals a synapse-specific regulatory mechanism recruited by norepinephrine (NE) signaling within parvalbumin-expressing interneuron (PV-IN) feedforward inhibitory microcircuits. PV-IN-mediated feedforward inhibition in the NAc is instrumental in coordinating NAc output by synchronizing the activity of medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). By negatively regulating glutamatergic transmission onto PV-INs via α2-adrenergic receptors (ARs), NE diminishes feedforward inhibition onto MSNs to promote NAc output. These findings elucidate previously unknown microcircuit mechanisms recruited by the historically overlooked NE system in the NAc.
Painless foot drop: an unusual acute presentation of new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Corcillo Antonella , Kleinaki Zoe , Kapnisi Stella , Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Maltese Giuseppe , Thomas Stephen M , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: March 2021

Summary
A 26-year-old Caucasian female with no past medical history or family history of auto-immune disease presented to the emergency department with new onset painless left foot drop. A panel of blood tests revealed blood glucose of 49.9 mmol/L and raised blood ketone levels. The patient was referred to the diabetes team who made a clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and insulin treatment was initiated. Elevated levels of diabetes auto-antibodies were subsequently detected. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated a left common peroneal nerve lesion with conduction block at the fibular head. After 2 weeks of insulin treatment, a significant improvement of her foot drop was observed and after 8 weeks she was walking normally. The most probable cause of her foot drop was acute diabetic mononeuropathy. To our knowledge, there are no similar cases in adult patients reported in the literature. Our case highlights the importance of physicians being aware of atypical presentation of new onset T1DM.

Learning points:

There is an increasing incidence of T1DM with more than half of patients presenting after the age of 20.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can present both acutely and as a mononeuropathy.

Although rare, clinicians should be aware of mononeuropathy as a presenting symptom of T1DM to avoid delay in the treatment initiation.

This case highlights an unusual presentation of T1DM and illustrates the importance of the early diagnosis and management of T1DM.
I – “miesjcova“, You – “przyjiezny”: Drawing the Boundary of Identity in Šalčininkai District
Authors: Vyšniauskas Vidmantas 
Published: March 2021

In this article, I seek to investigate how people living in the Šalčininkai district perceive the cultural boundary between locals and newcomers. Based on biographical interviews collected during the ethnographic field research, I argue that historical circumstances and frequent changes in state affiliation have influenced the drawing of the cultural boundary between locals and newcomers. In the article, I present how this division is understood by people of different generations living in the Šalčininkai district.
The cultural boundary between locals and newcomers is very important to the oldest generation (born before World War II). People who grew up during Soviet times understand this boundary and its significance, but pay less attention to it. The youngest generation (people born around 1990) perceive this cultural boundary as a useless remnant of the past and want to distance themselves from it.
A Keszthely-Kultúra Ma
Authors: Müller Róbert 
Published: March 2021

A Keszthely-kultúra fogalma az elmúlt 130 év alatt sokat változott. Az 568 és 630–650 közé keltezhető korai szakasz létét többen kétségbe vonták. A korai szakasz 11 lelőhelyét áttekintve a dolgozat azt igyekszik igazolni, hogy a korai avar korban relatív önállósággal bíró, Keszthely környéki keresztény népességet a tovább élő késő antik elemeken kívül döntően a kelet alpi, dalmáciai, balkáni és germán területekről bevándoroltak alkották. Megjelölésükre a Keszthely-kultúra korai szakasza a megfelelő elnevezés. A késői szakasz a korai szerves folytatása.The concept of the Keszthely culture has changed significantly over the past 130 years. The legitimacy of the early phase dated between 568 and 630–650 has been challenged by some scholars. By reviewing eleven sites of the culture’s early phase, this study seeks to demonstrate that in addition to surviving late antique elements, the Christian population that lived in the Keszthely area and enjoyed a relative measure of independence was predominantly made up eastern Alpine, Dalmatian, Balkanic and Germanic immigrants. The label “early phase of the Keszthely culture” seems an adequate term for their description. The culture’s late phase is an organic continuation of the early one.
Régészeti Adatok Az Árpád-Kor Kerámiaművességéhez: Székkutas, Sós-Halmi-Dűlő
Authors: Szigeti Judit , Csányi Viktor , Rózsa Zoltán 
Published: March 2021

Tanulmányunkban egy 2014–15 folyamán, Székkutason (Csongrád megye) feltárt Árpád-kori településrészlet házaiból előkerült kerámiaanyag feldolgozásának eredményeit mutatjuk be, adalékkal szolgálva a 12. századi kerámiakutatás adataihoz.Presented here are the results of the assessment of the pottery finds from the houses of an Árpádian Age settlement, a section of which was uncovered at Székkutas (County Csongrád) in 2014–2015, which can contribute to studies on 12th-century pottery.
Pápai Bulla a Középkori Bánhegyes Falu Területéről
Authors: P. Horváth Viktória 
Published: March 2021

A pápai oklevelek kettőspecsétjei jellemzően levéltárakban maradtak fenn, régészeti leletként ritkán kerülnek elő. A tanulmány a 2019 novemberében, a középkori Bánhegyes falu (ma: Békés megye, Magyarbánhegyes) területén fémkeresős kutatás során előkerült pápai ólombulla jellemzőit, történeti hátterét, ismert hazai és nemzetközi párhuzamait mutatja be.The bullae of papal charters are typically preserved in archives and only rarely are they brought to light as archaeological finds. Presented here is the papal lead bulla discovered in the medieval village of Bánhegyes (modern Magyarbánhegyes, County Békés) in November 2019 during a metal detecting survey, alongside a discussion of its historical background and its currently known parallels from Hungary and other regions.
Római Kori Villagazdaságok Légirégészeti Kutatása Magyarországon
Authors: Szabó Máté 
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány a Pécsi Légirégészeti Téka római kori villagazdaságait mutató felvételeinek a feldol­ gozásán és értékelésén keresztül kívánja szemléltetni a Dunántúl villa­tájainak szisztematikus légirégészeti felderítésében rejlő lehetőségeket.By presenting the results of the interpretation of the aerial photos of Roman villa sites in the Aerial Archaeological Archive of Pécs, the present study aims to illustrate and highlight the potentials of systematic aerial surveys in the research of the Roman villa landscapes in Transdanubia.
Sikerek És Kudarcok. Régészeti Örökségvédelem Magyarországon 1998–2018 •
Authors: Ernyey Katalin , Anders Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

Az első önálló régészeti államigazgatási intézmény, a Kulturális Örökség Igazgatósága 1998­ban jött létre. A két évtizedes évforduló alkalmából rendezett konferencia alkalmat adott a számvetésre, valamint annak áttekintésére, milyen gazdasági és társadalmi keretek között működik ma a régé­ szeti örökség védelme.The Directorate of Cultural Heritage, the first independent archaeological administrative institu­ tion, was established in 1998. The conference organised on the occasion of the twentieth anniver­ sary provided an excellent opportunity for stocktaking, as well as for reviewing the economic and social framework within which the protection of the archaeological heritage is achieved.
Evolution of the uranium concentration in dissolution experiments with Cr-(Pu) doped UO2 in reducing conditions at SCK CEN
Authors: Cachoir Christelle , Mennecart Thierry , Lemmens Karel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCr-doped UO2-based model materials were prepared at SCK CEN, mimicking modern LWR fuels, to understand the influence of Cr doping on the spent fuel dissolution behaviour in geological repository conditions. Tests were carried out with four model materials: depleted UO2, Cr-doped depleted UO2, Pu-doped UO2 and Pu-Cr-doped UO2. Static dissolution experiments have been performed up to 4 months in autoclaves under 10 bar H2 pressure with a Pt/Pd catalyst in media at pH 13.5 and at pH 9. The Cr-doping appeared to reduce the U concentrations by a factor 6 at pH 13.5, but it had no or not much effect at pH 9.
Graphic abstract
Design and Implementation of Boost Voltage Doubler for Maximum Power Point Tracker Application Using STM32F1038CT
Authors: Triefena Laras , Pratomo Leonardus H. , Riyadi Slamet , Setiawan F. Budi 
Published: March 2021

Photovoltaic is an absolute device in the solar power plant system. A DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm is required to obtain the maximum power of photovoltaic. In general, solar power plant applications used a two-stage converter: the first stage is boosting DC-DC converter, and the second stage is the multilevel Inverter. Boost DC-DC converter is usually implemented singly, which causes many boost DC-DC converters to be implemented in a solar power plant application. The voltage doubler type boost DC-DC converter proposed in this paper is to simplify the circuit so that there is only one converter in a solar power plant application. This converter principle combines two conventional boost converters, which are integrated into one so that the power circuit and control circuit form become simpler. This proposal is verified through computation simulation and hardware design using the STM32F1038CT microcontroller for the final verification. The efficiency algorithm of the simulation is 99.7%, and the hardware experimental is 85.65%
Mass SARS-CoV-2 Testing in a Dormitory-Style Correctional Facility in Arkansas
Authors: Tompkins Lindsay K. , Gunn Jayleen K. L. , Cherney Blake , Ham Jason E. , Horth Roberta , Rossetti Rebecca , Bower William A. , Benson Kelsey , Hagan Liesl M. , Crist Matthew B. , Mettee Zarecki Shauna L. , Dixon Meredith G. , Dillaha Jennifer A. , Patil Naveen , Dusseau Charles , Ross Tara , Matthews H. Stewart , Garner Kelley , Starks Angela M. , Weiner Zachary , Bowen Michael D. , Bankamp Bettina , Newton Anna E. , Logan Naeemah , Schuh Amy J. , Trimble Sean , Pfeiffer Heidi , James Allison E. , Tian Niu , Jacobs Jesica R. , Ruiz Francisco , McDonald Kellen , Thompson Marlowe , Cooley Laura , Honein Margaret A. , Rose Dale A. ,   the CDC COVID-19 Surge Diagnostic Testing Laboratory
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a correctional facility and recommend mitigation strategies. Methods. From April 29 to May 15, 2020, we established the point prevalence of COVID-19 among incarcerated persons and staff within a correctional facility in Arkansas. Participants provided respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing and completed questionnaires on symptoms and factors associated with transmission. Results. Of 1647 incarcerated persons and 128 staff tested, 30.5% of incarcerated persons (range by housing unit = 0.0%–58.2%) and 2.3% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Among those who tested positive and responded to symptom questions (431 incarcerated persons, 3 staff), 81.2% and 33.3% were asymptomatic, respectively. Most incarcerated persons (58.0%) reported wearing cloth face coverings 8 hours or less per day, and 63.3% reported close contact with someone other than their bunkmate. Conclusions. If testing remained limited to symptomatic individuals, fewer cases would have been detected or detection would have been delayed, allowing transmission to continue. Rapid implementation of mass testing and strict enforcement of infection prevention and control measures may be needed to mitigate spread of SARS-CoV-2 in this setting.
Public Policy Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Supply in the United States
Authors: Riley William , Love Kailey , McCullough Jeffrey 
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an acute blood shortage for medical transfusions, exacerbating an already tenuous blood supply system in the United States, contributing to the public health crisis, and raising deeper questions regarding emergency preparedness planning for ensuring blood availability. However, these issues around blood availability during the pandemic are related primarily to the decline in supply caused by reduced donations during the pandemic rather than increased demand for transfusion of patients with COVID-19.The challenges to ensure a safe blood supply during the pandemic will continue until a vaccine is developed, effective treatments are available, or the virus goes away. If this virus or a similar virus were capable of transmission through blood, it would have a catastrophic impact on the health care system, causing a future public health emergency that would jeopardize the national blood supply.In this article, we identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply adequacy, discuss the public health implications, propose recovery strategies, and present recommendations for preparing for the next disruption in blood supply driven by a public health emergency.
Use of Cannabis for Harm Reduction Among People at High Risk for Overdose in Vancouver, Canada (2016–2018)
Authors: Mok Janice , Milloy M.-J. , Grant Cameron , Lake Stephanie , DeBeck Kora , Hayashi Kanna , Socías M. Eugenia 
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To characterize the prevalence and reasons for the use of cannabis as a strategy to reduce the harms arising from other substances. Methods. We drew data about recent cannabis use and intentions from 3 prospective cohort studies of marginalized people who use drugs based in Vancouver, Canada, from June 2016 to May 2018. The primary outcome was “use of cannabis for harm reduction,” defined as using cannabis for substitution for licit or illicit substances such as heroin or other opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, or alcohol; treating withdrawal; or coming down off other drugs. Results. Approximately 1 in 4 participants reported using cannabis for harm reduction at least once during the study period. The most frequent reasons included substituting for stimulants (50%) and substituting for illicit opioids (31%). Conclusions. The use of cannabis for harm reduction is a common strategy among people who use drugs in our setting. Further research into the factors associated with this strategy is needed. Better characterization of the risks and benefits of substitution strategies, including for opioids and stimulants, may prompt new treatment options for PWUD.
Shelter Characteristics, Infection Prevention Practices, and Universal Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at Homeless Shelters in 7 US Urban Areas
Authors: Self Julie L. , Montgomery Martha P. , Toews Karrie-Ann , Samuels Elizabeth A. , Imbert Elizabeth , McMichael Temet M. , Marx Grace E. , Lohff Cortland , Andrews Tom , Ghinai Isaac , Mosites Emily ,   the COVID-19 Homelessness Response Team
Published: March 2021

Objectives. To examine shelter characteristics and infection prevention practices in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection point prevalence during universal testing at homeless shelters in the United States. Methods. SARS-CoV-2 testing was offered to clients and staff at homeless shelters, irrespective of symptoms. Site assessments were conducted from March 30 to June 1, 2020, to collect information on shelter characteristics and infection prevention practices. We assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and shelter characteristics, including 20 infection prevention practices by using crude risk ratios (RRs) and exact unconditional 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Site assessments and SARS-CoV-2 testing results were reported for 63 homeless shelters in 7 US urban areas. Median infection prevalence was 2.9% (range = 0%–71.4%). Shelters implementing head-to-toe sleeping and excluding symptomatic staff from working were less likely to have high infection prevalence (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.8; and RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.6; respectively); shelters with medical services available were less likely to have very high infection prevalence (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2, 1.0). Conclusions. Sleeping arrangements and staffing policies are modifiable factors that might be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters. Shelters should follow recommended practices to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Sinophobic Stigma Going Viral: Addressing the Social Impact of COVID-19 in a Globalized World
Authors: Viladrich Anahí 
Published: March 2021

This article critically examines the recent literature on stigma that addresses the overspread association among the COVID-19 pandemic and racial and ethnic groups (i.e., mainland Chinese and East Asian populations) assumed to be the source of the virus.The analysis begins by reviewing the way in which infectious diseases have historically been associated with developing countries and their citizens, which, in turn, are supposed to become prime vectors of contagion. The latter extends to the current labeling of COVID-19 as the “Chinese virus,” that—along with a number of other terms—has fueled race-based stigma against Asian groups in the United States and overseas. This review further discusses the limitations of current COVID-19 antistigma initiatives that mostly focus on individual-based education campaigns as opposed to multisectorial programs informed by human rights and intersectional perspectives.Finally, the article ends with a call to the international public health community toward addressing the most recent outbreak of stigma, one that has revealed the enormous impact of words in amplifying racial bias against particular minority populations in the developed world.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cemented Carbide and Carbon Steel Brazed Joints
Authors: Winardi Yoyok 
Published: March 2021

Cemented carbides are joined with steel to be used as a cutting tool. Brazing is one of a method joinning metals that has the potential to combine different types of materials such as cemented carbide and steel. This study aimed to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and the distribution of the hardness value brazed joint between cemented carbide and carbon steel. The heat treatment was carried out at a temperature of 700oC, 725oC, and 750oC for 30 minutes. The joint area is observed using SEM equipped with EDS. The distribution of hardness value ​​was tested using a micro vickers testing machine. Microstructure observations and SEM-EDS analysis show that the junction region consists of 3 parts, part I is the phase of Cu solution enriched solid, part II phase of the solid solution with the highest percentage of Ag, and part III is the eutectic phase of Ag-Cu-Zn . EDS test results in each section show that the value of element C increases when the treatment temperature is increased. The hardness test results show that the distribution of the hardness value increases when the treatment temperature is added. The hardness of the test specimen without treatment reached 112.73 VHN. The highest hardness value is 131.88 VHN at 750oC. Thus the heat treatment affects the microstructure and the rate of diffusion of metal elements. The higher the temperature, the diffusion rate of the metal element increases, so that it affects mechanical.
Analisa Uji Performasi Sistem Kemudi, Trnasmisi, dan Sistem Pengereman pada Mobil Listrik Tipe Urban Concept Warok V.1.1
Authors: Putra Wawan Trisnadi , Malyadi Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji performasi sistem kemudi, transmisi, dan sistem pengereman mobil listrik Tipe Urban Concept Warok V.1.1. Asumsi dasar mobil listrik dirancang dengan tipe Urban Concept (Kendaraan roda empat seperti mobil saat ini) yang disesuaikan dengan regulasi Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE), yang diselenggarakan pemerintah Indonesia melalui Kemenristekdikti.
Pada rancangan sistem kemudi menggunakan sistem kemudi berjenis ackerman, sistem transmisi menggunakan chain drive differential sedangkan sistem pengereman menggunakan cakram hidrolik. Pada hasil pengujian sistem kemudi memiliki sudut belok maksimum adalah 45 dengan radius belok kurang dari 6 meter, untuk sistem transmisi pada pengujian kecepatan putaran mesin roda belakang ( ) adalah 589,867 rpm dan putaran motor listrik 642,6 rpm dengan kecepatan rata – rata 53 km/jam. Besarnya perlambatan sistem pengereman adalah 4,901 dan 1,47 s untuk waktu pengeremannya.