bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Rapid Word-Based Rate Measures in the Assessment of Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Comparisons With Syllable-Based Rate Tasks
Authors: Shellikeri Sanjana , Marzouqah Reeman , Brooks Benjamin Rix , Zinman Lorne , Green Jordan R. , Yunusova Yana 
Published: October 2021

PurposeRapid maximum performance repetition tasks have increasingly demonstrated their utility as clinimetric markers supporting diagnosis and monitoring of bulbar disease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A recently developed protocol uses novel real-word repetitions instead of traditional nonword/syllable sequences in hopes of improving sensitivity to motor speech impairments by adding a phonological target constraint that would activate a greater expanse of the motor speech neuroanatomy. This study established the psychometric properties of this novel clinimetric protocol in its assessment of bulbar ALS and compared performance to traditional syllable sequence dysdiadochokinetic (DDK) tasks. Specific objectives were to (a) compare rates between controls and speakers with symptomatic versus presymptomatic bulbar disease, (b) characterize their discriminatory ability in detecting presymptomatic bulbar disease compared to healthy speech, (c) determine their articulatory movement underpinnings, and (d) establish within-individual longitudinal changes.MethodDDK and novel tongue (“ticker”—TAR) and labial (“pepper”—LAR) articulatory rates were compared betweenn= 18 speakers with presymptomatic bulbar disease,n= 10 speakers with symptomatic bulbar disease, andn= 13 healthy controls. Bulbar disease groups were determined by a previously validated speaking rate cutoff. Discriminatory ability was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Within-individual change over time was characterized in a subset of 16 participants with available longitudinal data using linear mixed-effects models. Real-time articulatory movements of the tongue front, tongue dorsum, jaw, and lips were captured using 3-D electromagnetic articulography; effects of movement displacement and speed on clinimetric rates were determined using stepwise linear regressions.ResultsAll clinimetric rates (traditional DDK tasks and novel tasks) were reduced in speakers with symptomatic bulbar disease; only TAR was reduced in speakers with presymptomatic bulbar disease and was able to detect this group with an excellent discrimination ability (area under the curve = 0.83). Kinematic analyses revealed associations with expected articulators, greater motor complexity, and differential articulatory patterns for the novel real-word repetitions than their DDK counterparts. Only LAR significantly declined longitudinally over the disease course.ConclusionNovel real-word clinimetric rate tasks evaluating tongue and labial articulatory dysfunction are valid and effective markers for early detection and tracking of bulbar disease in ALS.
Adapting a Patient–Reported Outcome Bookmarking Task to be Accessible to Adults With Cognitive and Language Disorders
Authors: Cohen Matthew L. , Harnish Stacy M. , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Brello Jennifer , Victorson David , Kisala Pamela A. , Nandakumar Ratna , Tulsky David S. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures produce scores that do not always have obvious clinical meaning. The PRO-bookmarking procedure is a new and promising way to make PRO measures more meaningful and interpretable. However, the materials and procedures of the task may benefit from adaptations to be more accessible to individuals with cognitive and language disorders.

Aims
This study aims to provide an overview of the iterative refinement process used to modify the materials and procedures of the PRO-bookmarking task so that they are more accessible to adults with acquired cognitive and language impairments.

Method and Procedures
Our team of health psychologists, neuropsychologists, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) conducted two focus groups with SLPs and care partners of people with aphasia using the same PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures as previous reports. These PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures were then refined iteratively based on discussion with those who participated in focus groups and among the research team, and three more times in the course of 16 additional focus groups of different stakeholders: people with Parkinson's disease, aphasia, or traumatic brain injury; care partners of people with those conditions; and SLPs who have experience with those, and other adult-acquired conditions.

Outcomes and Results
The PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures underwent four iterations to make them clearer, simpler, and more accessible. For example, the materials included more structured text and graphic supports where appropriate and the procedures were clustered into smaller discrete tasks and displayed graphically when possible and appropriate.

Conclusions
PRO-bookmarking materials and procedures were made simpler and more structured to increase their accessibility to adults with cognitive and language impairments. In fact, these adaptations made the tasks simpler and clearer for all types of stakeholders.
Another Moment in Time: A Follow-Up Survey on Speech-Language Pathologists' Experiences With the COVID-19 Pandemic During the Fall of 2020
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Goldstein Erica , Steinberg Elana , Crandall Megan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Although the COVID-19 pandemic had been impacting K–12 education since spring 2020, educational professionals working in schools faced unique challenges at the beginning of the 2020–2021 school year. This study focused on gaining a deeper understanding of the experiences of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) during the first half of the 2020–2021 school year and comparing these experiences to the previous spring.

Method:
This study involved a survey of 333 school-based SLPs working across the United States. The results of the survey were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to identify key themes and trends related to communication, service delivery models, changes in job requirements, confidence levels, and personal challenges.

Results:
Results indicated that SLPs' experiences in fall 2020 differed from spring 2020 and varied in multiple ways. In the fall of 2020, participants indicated a higher level of confidence and felt communication with their districts improved overall. However, SLPs faced new challenges related to varying service delivery models (i.e., in person, virtual, and hybrid) and continued to face some challenges that remained from the spring of 2020, such as lack of resources.

Conclusions:
There is much to learn from school-based SLPs' experiences during the fall of 2020, which varied in key ways from their experiences in the spring of 2020. It is important to document SLPs' resilience, hard work, and continued impact while supporting students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A novel study of the resistance of thermopile for thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensors
Authors: Zhang Shiran , Yu Wenting , Ren Qingying , Wang Debo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to study the effect of the resistance of thermopile on the output performance of thermoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microwave power sensors, the relationship of the electron mobility and the resistance in n+‐type GaAs is studied, and the reason why the resistance of thermocouple changes with the input microwave power and frequency is analyzed. The experimental results show that in the range of 8 ∼ 12 GHz, the return loss of the sensor is less than −27.75 dB, and the sensitivity of the sensor is 0.055 mV/mW@10 GHz. The resistance of thermopile shows a downward trend with the frequency. With the input power range from 0 to 300 mW, the resistance of thermopile increases from 55.51 to 71.17 kΩ, and it has good linearity. Therefore, this work has a certain reference value for improving the output performance of thermoelectric microwave power sensors.
Introducing a new multi-particle collision method for the evolution of dense stellar systems
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Pasquato Mario , Simon-Petit Alicia , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: October 2021

Context.In a previous paper we introduced a new method for simulating collisional gravitationalN-body systems with linear time scaling onN, based on the multi-particle collision (MPC) approach. This allows us to easily simulate globular clusters with a realistic number of stellar particles (105 − 106) in a matter of hours on a typical workstation.Aims.We evolve star clusters containing up to 106stars to core collapse and beyond. We quantify several aspects of core collapse over multiple realizations and different parameters while always resolving the cluster core with a realistic number of particles.Methods.We run a large set ofN-body simulations with our new code MPCDSS. The cluster mass function is a pure power law with no stellar evolution, allowing us to clearly measure the effects of the mass spectrum on core collapse.Results.Leading up to core collapse, we find a power-law relation between the size of the core and the time left to core collapse. Our simulations thus confirm the theoretical self-similar contraction picture but with a dependence on the slope of the mass function. The time of core collapse has a non-monotonic dependence on the slope, which is well fitted by a parabola. This also holds for the depth of core collapse and for the dynamical friction timescale of heavy particles. Cluster density profiles at core collapse show a broken-power-law structure, suggesting that central cusps are a genuine feature of collapsed cores. The core bounces back after collapse, with visible fluctuations, and the inner density slope evolves to an asymptotic value. The presence of an intermediate-mass black hole inhibits core collapse, making it much shallower, irrespective of the mass-function slope.Conclusions.We confirm and expand on several predictions of star cluster evolution before, during, and after core collapse. Such predictions were based on theoretical calculations or small-size directN-body simulations. Here we put them to the test in MPC simulations with a much larger number of particles, allowing us to resolve the collapsing core.
Precise distances from OGLE-IV member RR Lyrae stars in six bulge globular clusters
Authors: Oliveira R. A. P. , Ortolani S. , Barbuy B. , Kerber L. O. , Maia F. F. S. , Bica E. , Cassisi S. , Souza S. O. , Pérez-Villegas A. 
Published: October 2021

Context. RR Lyrae stars are useful standard candles allowing one to derive accurate distances for old star clusters. Based on the recent catalogues from OGLE-IV and Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), the distances can be improved for a few bulge globular clusters.
Aims. The aim of this work is to derive an accurate distance for the following six moderately metal-poor, relatively high-reddening bulge globular clusters: NGC 6266, NGC 6441, NGC 6626, NGC 6638, NGC 6642, and NGC 6717.
Methods. We combined newly available OGLE-IV catalogues of variable stars containing mean I magnitudes, with Clement’s previous catalogues containing mean V magnitudes, and with precise proper motions from Gaia EDR3. Astrometric membership probabilities were computed for each RR Lyrae, in order to select those compatible with the cluster proper motions. Applying luminosity–metallicity relations derived from BaSTI α-enhanced models (He-enhanced for NGC 6441 and canonical He for the other clusters), we updated the distances with relatively low uncertainties.
Results. Distances were derived with the I and V bands, with a 5 − 8% precision. We obtained 6.6 kpc, 13.1 kpc, 5.6 kpc, 9.6 kpc, 8.2 kpc, and 7.3 kpc for NGC 6266, NGC 6441, NGC 6626, NGC 6638, NGC 6642, and NGC 6717, respectively. The results are in excellent agreement with the literature for all sample clusters, considering the uncertainties.
Conclusions. The present method of distance derivation, based on recent data of member RR Lyrae stars, updated BaSTI models, and robust statistical methods, proved to be consistent. A larger sample of clusters will be investigated in a future work.
First black hole mass estimation for the quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008
Authors: Melo A. , Motta V. , Godoy N. , Mejia-Restrepo J. , Assef R. J. , Mediavilla E. , Falco E. , Ávila-Vera F. , Jerez R. 
Published: October 2021

Context. The quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008 (zs = 0.777 ± 0.001) has recently been discovered with the help of new techniques and observations. Black hole masses have been estimated for lensed quasars, but they have mostly been calculated for one broad emission line of one image. However, the images could be affected by microlensing, which changes the results.
Aims. We present black hole mass (MBH) estimations for images A and B of WGD2038-4008 using the three most prominent broad emission lines (Hα, Hβ, and Mg II) obtained in one single-epoch spectra. This is the first time the mass has been estimated in a lensed quasar in two images, allowing us to disentangle the effects of microlensing. The high S/N of our spectra allows us to get reliable results that can be compared with the existing data in the literature.
Methods. We used the X-shooter instrument mounted on the Very Large Telescope at Paranal Observatory to observe this system, taking advantage of its wide spectral range (UVB, VIS, and NIR). The sky emission correction was performed using principal component analysis as the nodding was small compared to the image separation. We compared the lines profiles to identify the microlensing in the broad-line region and corrected each spectra by the image magification. Using the flux ratio of the continuum to the core of the emission lines, we analyzed whether microlensing was present in the continuum source.
Results. We obtained MBH using the single-epoch method with the Hα and Hβ emission lines from the monochromatic luminosity and the velocity width. The luminosity at 3000 Å was obtained using the spectral energy distribution of image A, while the luminosity at 5100 Å was estimated directly from the spectra. The average MBH between the images obtained was log10(MBH/M⊙) = 8.27 ± 1.05, 8.25 ± 0.32, and 8.59 ± 0.35 for Mg II, Hβ, and Hα, respectively. We find Eddington ratios similar to those measured in the literature for unlensed low-luminosity quasars. Microlensing of −0.16 ± 0.06 mag in the continuum was found, but the induced error in the MBH is minor compared to that associated with the macromodel magnification. We also obtained the accretion disk size using the MBH for the three emission lines, obtaining an average value of log10(rs/cm)=15.3 ± 0.63, which is in agreement with theoretical estimates.
Electroplating of Chromium Incorporating High-Dispersion Black Carbon Particles
Authors: Vodopyanova S.V. , Mingazova G.G. , Fomina R.E. , Sayfullin R.S. 
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical composite coatings allow successfully solving many practical problems of surface-hardening of structural parts and their tooling components, as well as renewing their fast-wearing components. Electrochemical chromium-matrix composite coatings are used to enhance the thermal and wear resistance of steel articles and parts operating in friction conditions and under increased temperatures, but under low shock loads.
This paper presents the results obtained from studying how fine black carbon particles affect the properties of composite coatings. Optimal conditions are found for producing high-quality coatings, such as the suspended electrolyte mixing rate and graphite concentration in electrolyte. We have also studied how heat treatment affects the microhardness and surface morphology of coatings. High-dispersed black graphite can be used to produce chromium-matrix composite coatings having increased microhardness and wear resistance.
Single crystalline Sn2Nb2O7 films with Ti-doping fabricated by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Ito H. , Fujita T. C. , Kawasaki M. 
Published: October 2021

Sn2Nb2O7, a pyrochlore oxide, is expected to have a peculiar flat band structure that can be a source of intriguing physical properties. We have prepared Sn2Nb2O7 thin films by pulsed laser deposition on Y-stabilized ZrO2(111) substrates by finding a growth window at low growth temperature (∼450 °C) and higher laser fluence, possibly due to the rather high volatility of stannous oxide. By Ti-doping, the lattice constant shrinks due to the smaller Ti4+ ion compared with Nb5+. Optical measurements capture an absorption edge at ∼2.6 eV originating from the transition from the Sn-5s and O-2p hybridized valence band to the Nb-4d conduction band, which is not observed in LiNbO3. Opposed to the expectation from the Burstein–Moss shift, Ti-doping results in reduction of the bandgap, indicating that the doping results in the formation of in-gap states and does not contribute to injecting mobile carriers.
A comprehensive evaluation method for plateau freshwater lakes: a case in the Erhai Lake
Authors: Wen Zhuqing , Li Xia , Liu Bing , Li Tianhong 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The study first systematically assessed the ecosystem health status of the plateau freshwater lake of Erhai Lake in Yunnan Province of China, using the revised Freshwater Health Indicator methodology, which comprised three components, i.e., “Ecosystem Vitality,” “Ecosystem Services,” and “Governance and Stakeholders.” To better reflect the real health status of the basin, the cask short board effect was considered during aggregation of the indicators. In addition, analysis of the coupling coordination relationship among the three components was conducted to study the mutual influences among them as well as the comprehensive development level of the studied area. Basically, the ecosystem of the Erhai Lake basin remained healthy during the studied period according to the research due to specific measures and actions taken to manage the environmental problems caused by a former local economic development and urbanization process. However, there were still aspects to improve for more sustainable ecosystem management and utilization in the basin. The “short boards” of the Erhai Lake basin show room for improvement in local freshwater ecosystem management and underline governance problems that need to be addressed. Suggestions are provided for the local stakeholders consequently for the more sustainable development of the studied basin.
Enhanced anomalous Nernst effects in ferromagnetic materials driven by Weyl nodes
Authors: Samathrakis Ilias , Long Teng , Zhang Zeying , Singh Harish K , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on high-throughput (HTP) first-principles calculations, we evaluated the anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst conductivities of 266 transition-metal-based ferromagnetic compounds. Detailed analysis based on the symmetries and Berry curvatures reveals that the origin of singular-like behavior of anomalous Hall/Nernst conductivities can be mostly attributed to the appearance of Weyl nodes or nodal lines located in the proximity of the Fermi energy, which can be further tailored by external stimuli such as biaxial strains and magnetic fields. Moreover, such calculations are enabled by the automated construction of Wannier functions with a success rate of 92%, which paves the way to perform accurate HTP evaluation of the physical properties such as the transport properties using the Wannier interpolation.
Protection and safety of a repeated dosage of KI for iodine thyroid blocking during pregnancy
Authors: Gaouaoui-Azouaou Hayat , L’Homme Bruno , Benadjaoud Mohamed Amine , Sache-Aloui Amandine , Granger Romain , Voyer Frederic , Lestaevel Philippe , Gruel Gaëtan , Caire-Maurisier François , Crambes Caroline , Dare-Doyen Stephanie , Benderitter Marc , Souidi Maâmar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In case of nuclear power plant accidents resulting in the release of radioactive iodine (131I) in large amounts, a single intake of stable iodine is recommended in order to prevent 131I fixation to the thyroid gland. However, in situations of prolonged exposure to 131I (e.g. Fukushima-Daiichi natural and nuclear disaster), repetitive administration of iodine may be necessary to ensure adequate protection, with acceptable safety in vulnerable populations including pregnant women. Here we conducted toxicological studies on adult rats progeny following prolonged exposure to potassium iodide (KI) in utero. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 1 mg kg d−1 KI or saline water for 2 or 4 d either between gestation days gestational day (GD) GD 9–12, or GD13–16. Plasma samples from the progeny were tested 30 d post-weaning for clinical biochemistry, thyroid hormones, and anti-thyroid antibody levels. Thyroid and brain were collected for gene expression analysis. The hormonal status was similar for the mothers in all experimental conditions. In the offspring, while thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels were similar in all groups, a significant increase of FT3 and FT4 levels was observed in GD9–GD10 and in GD13–GD14 animals treated for 2 d, respectively. In addition, FT4 levels were mildly decreased in 4 d treated GD13–16 individuals. Moreover, a significant decrease in the expression level of thyroid genes involved in iodide metabolism, TPO and apical iodide transporter, was observed in GD13–GD14 animals treated for 2 d. We conclude that repeated KI administration for 2–4 d during gestation did not induce strong thyroid toxicity.
Mobility of dislocations in FeNiCrCoCu high entropy alloys
Authors: Shen Yixi , Spearot Douglas E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dislocations in high entropy alloys (HEAs) are wavy and have natural pinning points due to the variable chemical and energetic landscape surrounding the dislocation core. This can influence the critical shear stress necessary to initiate dislocation motion and the details associated with sustained dislocation glide. The objective of this work is to determine the relationship between Schmid shear stress and dislocation velocity in single phase FCC FeNiCrCoCu HEAs using molecular dynamics simulations, with comparisons made to dislocation motion in homogeneous Ni and Cu. Simulations are performed for four different dislocation character angles: 0° (screw), 30°, 60° and 90° (edge). Several key differences are reported, compared to what is previously known about dislocation motion in homogeneous FCC metals. For example, the drag coefficient B in the phonon damping regime for HEAs has a nonlinear dependence on temperature, whereas this dependence is linear in Ni. Mobility relationships between different types of dislocations common in homogeneous FCC metals, such as the velocity of screw and 60° dislocations being lower than edge and 30° dislocations at the same shear stress, do not necessarily hold in HEAs. Dislocation waviness is measured and is found to correlate with the ability of dislocations to glide under an applied shear stress, including the temperature dependence of the drag coefficient B. These results confirm that the influence of HEA chemical complexity on dislocation motion is important and this data can be used to guide development of analytical or empirical models for dislocation mobility in HEAs.