bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Reversal and Transposition Generational Damages Caused by Manganese (II) in Zebrafish
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Zimmermann Prado , Santos Thainá Garbino dos , Finkler Mariana , Burghausen Jorge Henrique , Borba Diulliane De Jesus , Kayser Juliana Machado , Milanesi Bruna Bueno , Schneider Anelise , Linden Rafael , Xavier Léder Leal , Ziulkoski Ana Luiza , de Oliveira Diogo Losch , Gehlen Günther 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is a common water pollutant, little is known about the potential for the trans-generational transfer of biological effects in fish exposed to low concentrations in aquatic organisms, or the persistence of these effects. The aim was to identify when biological effects were firstly observed in the brain, liver and intestinal tissues of zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Mn and whether these effects were subject to reversal when exposures ceased. We also aimed to assess whether biological effects observed in zebrafish exposed to Mn for 21-days were also observed in the early life stages of the F1 generation. Behavioral changes were observed in the animals exposed for 14 days to MnCl 2 (4.0 mg L -1 ). There was also an oscillation in the mitochondrial activity and TUNEL positive cells in the telencephalon of exposed fish from all treatments. These results indicated that brain neurogenesis in zebrafish occurred with greater magnitude and speed than the neuronal Mn damage. Histopathological changes were observed in the intestine and liver of zebrafish exposed to Mn for 72 h and 21 days. Behavioral alterations and intestinal histopathological alterations were reversed after the recovery period, although hepatocyte vacuolization persisted. Behavioral alterations were also observed in the early developmental stages of F1 generation larvae of zebrafish parents exposed to Mn, but this profile was normalized throughout the development. In addition to the direct toxic effects of low concentrations of Mn, some changes, such as hepatocyte vacuolization persisted in zebrafish even after the toxicant removal.
Detachment Stress Mediated Bioenergetic Switch of Malignant Melanoma Cells Into Anti-Warburg Phenotype
Authors: Uen WuChing , Tseng TingTing , Wu Ching-Po , Lee ShaoChen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the biological features of cancer cells was their aerobic glycolysis by extensive glucose fermentation to harvest energy, so called Warburg effect. Melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers with poor prognosis and high mortality for its high metastatic ability. During the metastatic process, the metastatic tumor cells should survive under detachment stress. However, whether the detachment stress could affect the tumor phenotype was worthy to investigate. We had established human melanoma A375 cells under detachment stress, which mimicked circulating melanoma. It was shown the detachment stress altered melanoma cell activities, malignancy, and drug sensitivity. In this study, we found that adherent melanoma cells were more sensitive to glucose depletion. However, detachment stress reduced lactate secretion owing to the reduced MCT4 and GLUT1 expressions, the altered glycolytic and respiratory capacities, and the increased superoxide production. Detachment stress also increase the sensitivity of melanoma cells toward blockade of electron transport chains. Investigation of the change in glucose metabolism of melanoma cells under detachment stress would be critical to provide novel molecular mechanism to develop potential therapeutics
Predictive factors of COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective cross-sectional survey in a Japanese university hospital
Authors: Fukui Sayato , Inui Akihiro , Komatsu Takayuki , Ogura Kanako , Ozaki Yutaka , Sugita Manabu , Saita Mizue , Naito Toshio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe predictive factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, including clinical parameters with symptoms, vital signs, and laboratory data, have not been compared directly between cases with and without complicated pneumonia. AimsWe aimed to identify predictive factors for COVID-19 patients with complicated pneumonia, and determine which COVID-19 patients should undergo computed tomography (CT). MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Juntendo University Nerima Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. We recruited patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 January and 31 December 2020 and all patients underwent blood tests and CT. Clinical information, including vital signs, symptoms, laboratory results, and CT findings, were extracted from medical charts. Factors potentially predicting COVID-19 pneumonia were analysed using Student’s t -test or the chi-squared test, and variables with a p- value of < 0.05 in the bi-variate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression models. ResultsAmong 221 included patients (119 males [53.8%]; mean age, 54.59 ± 18.61 years), 160 (72.4%) had pneumonia. The significant factors in the multi-variate analysis were the lactate dehydrogenase (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–7.95; p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (OR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.05–14.80; p = 0.04) levels. No significant differences were observed in vital signs and the symptoms. ConclusionLDH and CRP level of > 220 IU/L and > 3.0 mg/dL, respectively, are independent risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia. The present results are extremely useful for deciding whether to perform CT among COVID-19 patients.
Recently evolved Francisella-like endosymbiont outcompetes an ancient and evolutionarily associated Coxiella-like endosymbiont in the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) linked to the Alpha-Gal Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Surendra Raj , Adegoke Abdulsalam , Kennedy Ashley , Tuten Holly C. , Li Andrew Y. , Karim Shahid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTicks are hematophagous arthropods that transmit various bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens of public health significance. The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is an aggressive human-biting tick that transmits bacterial and viral pathogens, and its bites are suspected of eliciting the Alpha-Gal Syndrome, a newly emerged delayed hypersensitivity following consumption of red meat in the United States. While ongoing studies have attempted to investigate the contribution of different tick-inherent factors to the induction of Alpha-Gal syndrome, an otherwise understudied aspect is the contribution of the tick microbiome and specifically obligate endosymbionts to the establishment of the Alpha-Gal syndrome in humans.MethodsHere we utilized a high throughput metagenomic sequencing approach to cataloging the entire microbial communities residing within different developmental stages and tissues of unfed and blood-fed ticks from laboratory-maintained ticks and three new geographical locations in the USA. The quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME2) pipeline were used to perform data analysis and taxonomic classification. Moreover, using a SparCC network construction model, we investigated potential interactions between members of the microbial communities from lab-maintained and field-collected ticks. ResultsOverall, Francisellaceae was the most dominant bacteria identified in the microbiome of both lab-raised and field-collected Am. americanum across all tissues and developmental stages. Likewise, microbial diversity was seen to be significantly higher in field-collected ticks compared to lab-maintained ticks as seen with a higher number of both OTUs and measures of species richness. Several potential positive and negative correlations were identified from our network analysis. We observed a strong positive correlation between Francisellaceae, Rickettsiaceae, and Midichloriaceae in both developmental stages and tissues from lab-maintained ticks, while ovarian tissues had a strong positive correlation of bacteria in the family Xanthobacteraceae and Rhizobiaceae. A negative interaction was observed between Coxiellaceae and Francisellaceae in Illinois, and all the bacteria detected from ticks from Delaware were negatively correlated.ConclusionThis study is the first to catalog the microbiome of Am. americanum throughout its developmental stages and different tissue niches and report the potential replacement of Coxiellaceae by Francisellaceae across developmental stages and tissues tested except in ovarian tissues. These unique and significant findings advance our knowledge and open a new avenue of research to further understand the role of tick microbiome in tick-borne diseases and develop a holistic strategy to control Alpha-Gal syndrome.
Characteristics and influencing factors of soil microbial communities in different subtropical forest stands in Jinyun Mountain, Southwest China
Authors: An Xiaonan , Wang Yunqi , Zhang Jialiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn insight into the soil microbial functions and spatial distribution of soil resources is an important basis for evaluating and managing plant growth in subtropical forests. Soil samples were collected from five forest stands in Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve (JMNR) in Chongqing located at the Three Gorges Reservoir area: Gordonia acuminata evergreen broad-leaved forest (GAEBF), Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (CLF), Phyllostachys pubescens forest (PPF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBLMF) dominated by Pinus massoniana and Gordonia acuminata (PM&GA), and the CBLMF dominated by Pinus massoniana and Symplocos setchuensis (PM&SS). Combined with phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and Sherlock microbial identification system (MIS), the structure of soil microbial communities in different forest stands was investigated.ResultsThe results showed that the PLFAs of soil microorganisms under the forest in JMNR have a high diversity. The PLFA dominance values of the five stands were 16:0, 19:0 cyclo ω7c, 18:0, 15:0 iso and 16 :0 10-methyl. Furthermore, soil microorganisms are dominated by Gram-negative bacteria, and the PLFAs content of soil bacteria in different forest stands is higher than that of fungi PLFAs. Regarding the phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers, the two CBLMFs are the highest, followed by CLF and GAEBF and PPF is the least. Moreover, the proportion of microorganisms in the soil of different forest stands varies. Among them, MP&SS has the highest gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.ConclusionsRDA analysis shows that the main influencing factors of PLFAs in the soil of different forest stands are the content of iron oxide, aluminium oxide, organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil, which are considered to be able to reflect the soil nutrient status of JMNR effectively.
The Effects of 2,2',4'-Trihydroxychalcone on the Cell Proliferation, Metastasis, and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A549
Authors: Sun Jialin , Cao Zhanqi , Sun Shiwei , Sun Zhonghua , Sun Shuhong , Ye Jinfeng , Leng Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives：Our study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of 2,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone (7a) on human lung cancer cell line A549. Methods：A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of 7a for different times. The cells without 7a were set as the negative control group. The cell proliferation, invasion, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, heterogeneous adhesion, apoptosis were, respectively, measured by CCK-8, transwell invasion assay, vasculogenic mimicry assay, adhesion assay and flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of related proteins were examined via western blot or ELISA. Results：Our research found that 7a had a significant inhibitory effect on the survival rate of lung cancer A549 cells, while almost had no effect on human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells and human venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). The migration rate, VM length, invasion and heterogeneous adhesion number of cells treated with 7a significantly decreased as the increase in concentration, while the apoptosis rate increased. Western blot analysis showed that 7a treatment significantly upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, cleaved PARP, Bax, caspase-3, and simultaneously downregulated the expression of MMP-2/9, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-MTOR, VEGF, E-selectin and N-cadherin. At the same time, ELISA results found that the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF level in culture media was reduced in the presence of 7a. Additionally, 7a could also reduce the nucleus NF-κB protein level, which would inhibit gene transcription of tumor activity-related proteins. Conclusion：7a might exert inhibitory effects on A549 cells via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, VM formation, heterogeneous adhesion and inducing apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that 7a might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of lung cancer.
Clinical efficacy of arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament with preservation of the stump
Authors: Liu Changcheng , Wu Guozhi , ZHANG HAO , Li Kun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of anatomic reconstruction of the anterior talofbular ligament with preservation of the stump.
Methods

This retrospective study included 42 patients who underwent an endoscopic lateral ligament reconstruction between from June 2015 to June 2019.Fourteen consecutive patients (10 [71.4%] males and 4 [28.6%] female, mean age 27.79 ± 4.56[range 26 to 36] years) with preserved anterior tibiofibular ligament stump were enrolled in this study.On the other side ,there were 18 patients with unpreserved tibiofibular ligament stumps (unpreserved stump group), 12 males and 6 females, aged 20–36 years, mean (28.56 ± 5.67) years.The functional evaluation was carried out according to the Ankle-Hindfoot Score by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society.The Tegner system was used to evaluate range of motion after the index procedure. Ankle proprioception was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the degree of subjective pain symptoms. Operative time, fever time and wound healing time were also recorded.
Results

There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes such as postoperative fever time and wound healing time between the two groups (P > 0.05). The operative time was slightly longer in the stump-preserving group than in the non-stump-preserving group (94.14 ± 11.59 vs. 82.94 ± 15.61 P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores, Tegner motor level scores, and VAS scores between patients in the retained-stump group and the non-reserved-stump group (P > 0.05). At 1 year after surgery, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores and Tegner motor level scores improved and the VAS pain scores decreased in both the presurgical and non-presurgical groups. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores and Tegner motion level scores 1 year after surgery were higher in the group with preserved stump than in the group without preserved stump (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament with and without preservation of the stump can achieve good clinical outcomes. Although arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament reconstruction with preserved stump prolonged the operative time compared with surgery without preserved stump, it could better improve the subjective ankle function and motion status of patients and improve the prognosis.
Expanding Structural Diversity In A Library Of Disulfide Macrocycles Through In-Situ Imide Hydrolysis
Authors: Konopka Marcin , Stefankiewicz Artur R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We describe here an unorthodox approach to dynamic covalent chemistry in which the initially-unexpected in-situ hydrolysis of a bis-imide component is used to control the composition of a library of structurally diverse macrocycles. The dual-stimuli method is based on simultaneous changes in pH and DMSO concentration to expand the diversity of the macrocyclic architectures.
NR2C Subfamily as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Xiaofen , Huang Kaiyan , Fu Wenfen , Liu Yushan , Lin Yuxiang , Zhang Jie , Song Chuangui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The overall outcome of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer is relatively good, but it still faces the dilemmas of drug resistance and long-term recurrence. The NR2C subfamily are nuclear receptors like ER, PR and AR. However, the prognostic value and molecular mechanism of NR2Cs remain unclear. In our study, we identified the association between expression of NR2C1 or NR2C2 and survival of BRCA patients using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Next, miRNAs-NR2Cs regulatory networks were predicted by ENCORI. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was performed via PPI networks and KEGG pathways. Finally, CellMiner was used to obtain thecorrelation analysis of NR2Cs expression and drug sensitivity. We found that both NR2C1 and NR2C2 were significantly down-regulated in BRCA compared to normal tissues. Survival difference between high and low NR2C1 group only observed in luminal B, while high expression levels of NR2C2 were significantly associated with good prognosis in luminal A, luminal B, LAR and ER+ breast cancer. Moreover, only NR2C1-has-miR-196a network was related to the prognosis of BRCA. For NR2C2, there were thirteen miRNAs of low expression associating with good prognosis, such as hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-656, hsa-miR-103a. The main biological functions of NR2Cs were metabolic pathways, drug metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and so on. Altogether, NR2C1 and NR2C2, especially the latter, might be novel important prognostic factors like ER/PR/AR in HR+ breast cancer.
Stable transmission characteristics of double-hump solitons for the coupled Manakov equations in fiber lasers
Authors: Ma Guoli , Zhou Qin , Yu Weitian , Biswas Anjan , Liu Wenjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The fiber laser has become an ideal ultrashort pulse source because of its cheap structure, high integration, convenient and controllable output direction, which greatly promotes the development and application of ultrafast optics. This paper mainly focuses on the control and amplification of double-hump solitons in fiber lasers theoretically. The bilinear forms and soliton solutions of the coupled Manakov equations are presented, and the transmission of double-hump solitons is discussed. The factors affecting the stable transmission of double-hump solitons are analyzed. The relevant conclusions have important guiding significance for understanding the generation of stable double-hump solitons in fiber lasers.
Identification of Perturbed Pathways Rendering Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using BioNSi Simulation of Integrated Network of Implicated Human Genes
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Bhargav Anasuya , Datta Malabika , Bajpai Urmi , Ramachandran Srinivasan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Adaptive immune response of the Th1 arm is the main defense against tuberculosis (TB). However, in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation underlie susceptibility to TB and results in poor TB control. The molecular pathways causing susceptibility of diabetics to tuberculosis is not fully understood. Here, an integrative pathway-based approach is used to investigate the perturbed pathways in T2DM patients rendering susceptibility to TB. We obtained 36 genes implicated in the Type 2 diabetes associated tuberculosis (T2DMTB) from literature. Gene expression analysis on T2DM patients’ data (GSE28168) showed that DEFA1 is differentially expressed at Padj < 0.05. The genes CAMP, CD14, CORO1A, LAMP1, TLR4, IL17F and SOCS3 were differentially expressed in T2DM patients at P value < 0.05. 7 microRNAs associated with these T2DMTB genes were obtained from NetworkAnalyst and verified for their literature evidences. The hsa-miR-146a microRNA was differentially expressed at Padj < 0.05. The human host TB susceptibility genes TNFRSF10A, MSRA, GPR148, SLC37A3, PXK, PROK2, REV3L, PGM1, HIST3H2A, PLAC4, LETM2, EMP2 and were also differentially expressed at Padj < 0.05. We included all these genes and added the remaining 28 genes from the T2DMTB set and the rest of differentially expressed genes at Padj < 0.05 in STRING and obtained a well-connected network with high confidence score greater than 0.7. From this network we extracted the KEGG pathways at FDR < 0.05 and retained only Diabetes and TB pathways among the disease pathways. The network was simulated with BioNSi using gene expression data from GSE26168. The Necroptosis pathway showed the maximum perturbations in T2DM patients, followed by NOD-like receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, NF-kappa-B signaling and MAPK signaling. These pathways likely underlie susceptibility to TB in T2DM patients.
An Approach for Online Determining the Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) in Digital Radiology
Authors: Suliman Ibrahim Idris 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An online method is proposed to determine the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) in digital radiology from console-displayed kerma area product (PKA) data. ESAK values were calculated from X-ray tube outputs and patient exposure factors across five X-ray examinations. The corresponding PKAvalues were taken from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header. Using linear regression between ESAK and values, the slope and intercept coefficients for each type of X-ray equipment and procedure were determined. The coefficient to determine ESAK from ranged from 59% for a posteroanterior chest to 88% for anteroposterior lumbar spine view X-ray procedures. The results demonstrated the possibility of online estimates of ESAK from a console that displayed using readily available digital information in radiology. The results may have important implications in interventional radiology, where ESAK values are crucial for preventing skin injuries due to prolonged fluoroscopy times.
Design and Parametric Analysis of GaN on Silicon High Electron Mobility Transistor for RF Performance Enhancement
Authors: Singh Jeetendra , Verma Archana , Tewari Vijay Kumar , Singh Shailendra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The need of performance enhancement at the RF and millimeter wave is highly desirable to eliminate the heating effects and power dissipation. Silicon substarte found to be a suitable candidate which reduces about 70% channel temperature than sapphire. To achieve high performance, a GaN on the Silicon substrate high electron mobility transistor is designed and its various performance paramters are analyzed by varying the design specifications. Moreover, the problem of blocking voltage improvement is resolved by epitaxial design approach. Since, threshold voltage, doping-level, work-function of gate material and channel length are considered as some of the important parameters while device modeling. Therefore, the impact of these parameters is examined and analyzed to enehace the performance and reliability of the device for RF applications. The performance parameters like trans-conductance, drain current curves are plotted at different state of device physical and electrical parameters. Results exhibits maximum value of transconductance gm=13 milli-mho, minimum gate capacitance Cg=0.5pf, wheras Vth is varied between − 0.25 volts to 0.25 volts.
Oscillation intervals of cutaneous blood perfusion as indicators of aging
Authors: Wang Guangjun , Jia Shuyong , Song Xiaojing , Wang Shuyou , Zhang Weibo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A total of 30 healthy participants (Old, aged >40 years, n=12; Young, age<40, n=18) were recruited, and their bilateral upper limb blood flow was recorded. The results showed that on either the left or right side, the average oscillation intervals of the lower age were significantly higher than those of the older age and that on the left or right side, the average interval was negatively and weakly correlated with age. The current study provides a window to access age-related changes on the oscillation interval of cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry.