bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of land use, habitat suitability, and hurricanes on the population connectivity of an endemic insular bat
Authors: Calderón-Acevedo Camilo A. , Rodríguez-Durán Armando , Soto-Centeno J. Angel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrbanization and natural disasters can disrupt landscape connectivity, effectively isolating populations and increasing the risk of local extirpation particularly in island systems. To understand how fragmentation affects corridors among forested areas, we used circuit theory to model the landscape connectivity of the endemic batStenoderma rufumwithin Puerto Rico. Our models combined species occurrences, land use, habitat suitability, and vegetation cover data that were used either as resistance (land use) or conductance layers (habitat suitability and vegetation cover). Urbanization affected connectivity overall from east to west and underscored protected and rustic areas for the maintenance of forest corridors. Suitable habitat provided a reliable measure of connectivity among potential movement corridors that connected more isolated areas. We found that intense hurricanes that disrupt forest integrity can affect connectivity of suitable habitat. Some of the largest protected areas in the east of Puerto Rico are at an increasing risk of becoming disconnected from more continuous forest patches. Given the increasing rate of urbanization, this pattern could also apply to other vertebrates. Our findings show the importance of maintaining forest integrity, emphasizing the considerable conservation value of rustic areas for the preservation of local biodiversity.
Defect induced ferromagnetic ordering and room temperature negative magnetoresistance in MoTeP
Authors: Pal Debarati , Kumar Shiv , Shahi Prashant , Dan Sambhab , Verma Abhineet , Gangwar Vinod K. , Singh Mahima , Chakravarty Sujoy , Uwatoko Yoshiya , Saha Satyen , Patil Swapnil , Chatterjee Sandip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe magneto-transport, magnetization and theoretical electronic-structure have been investigated on type-II Weyl semimetallic MoTeP. The ferromagnetic ordering is observed in the studied sample and it has been shown that the observed magnetic ordering is due to the defect states. It has also been demonstrated that the presence of ferromagnetic ordering in effect suppresses the magnetoresistance (MR) significantly. Interestingly, a change-over from positive to negative MR is observed at higher temperature which has been attributed to the dominance of spin scattering suppression.
Neighborhood street activity and greenspace usage uniquely contribute to predicting crime
Authors: Schertz Kathryn E. , Saxon James , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Bettencourt Luís M. A. , Ding Yi , Hoffmann Henry , Berman Marc G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrime is a costly societal issue. While many factors influence urban crime, one less-studied but potentially important factor is neighborhood greenspace. Research has shown that greenspace is often negatively associated with crime. Measuring residents’ use of greenspace, as opposed to mere physical presence, is critical to understanding this association. Here, we used cell phone mobility data to quantify local street activity and park visits in Chicago and New York City. We found that both factors were negatively associated with crime, while controlling for socio-demographic factors. Each factor explained unique variance, suggesting multiple pathways for the influence of street activity and greenspace on crime. Physical tree canopy had a smaller association with crime, and was only a significant predictor in Chicago. These findings were further supported by exploratory directed acyclic graph modeling, which found separate direct paths for both park visits and street activity to crime.
Thud-Tempters and Mockingbirds: A Cognitive–Linguistic Approach to Acoustic Assumptions
Authors: Beaton Fiona , Ayers Ava , Pickering John , Kayajian Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This study analyzed information shared through journal reflections of a client and a student clinician participating in The College of Saint Rose Transgender Voice and Communication Program related to the application and implications of Acoustic Assumptions. This research note was generated by a client, a student clinician, and certified speech-language pathologists.

Method
This single-case study focused on an eclectic approach to gender-affirmative voice services that addressed factors related to resonance commonly explored with transgender clients. A first-person account of reactions to therapy served as the foundation for journal reflections made by the client and the student clinician. Therefore, first-person language appears in the journal entries to detail our perspectives of this clinical experience.

Results
Providing gender-affirmative voice services in a holistic manner helped the client align her communication with her gender identity. Creating a client-specific conceptual framework that prioritized elements of cognitive–linguistic therapy, education, and counseling supported the client as the resonance challenges frequently experienced by transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals outlined in Acoustic Assumptions were explored. Limitations regarding the clinical application of this highly individualized approach to resonance are acknowledged. The findings from this study may not generalize to entire clinical populations, given the format of the research design.

Conclusions
We found this therapeutic approach helped the client develop a personalized understanding of the resonance challenges she was experiencing (see below for a more detailed discussion of those challenges). And she was able to deepen her ability to produce voice with forward resonance, an acoustic parameter that researchers have found many listeners to associate with “femininity” and that, in this case, aligned with the client's perception of femininity. Techniques used and observations on them may be useful for future work in gender-affirmative voice services.
Launching the asymmetric bipolar jet of DO Tau
Authors: Erkal J. , Dougados C. , Coffey D. , Cabrit S. , Bacciotti F. , Garcia-Lopez R. , Fedele D. , Chrysostomou A. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The role of bipolar jets in the formation of stars, and in particular how they are launched, is still not well understood.
Aims. We probe the protostellar jet launching mechanism using high-resolution observations of the near-infrared (IR) [Fe II]λ1.53,1.64 μm emission lines.
Methods. We consider the case of the bipolar jet from Classical T Tauri star, DO Tau, and investigate the jet morphology and kinematics close to the star (within 140 au) using AO-assisted IFU observations from GEMINI/NIFS.
Results. We find that the brighter, blueshifted jet is collimated very quickly after it is launched. This early collimation requires the presence of magnetic fields. We confirm velocity asymmetries between the two lobes of the bipolar jet, and also confirm no time variability in the asymmetry over a 20-year interval. This sustained asymmetry is in accordance with recent simulations of magnetised disc winds. We examine the data for signatures of jet rotation. We report an upper limit on differences in radial velocity of 6.3 and 8.7 km s−1 for the blue- and redshifted jets, respectively. Interpreting this as an upper limit on jet rotation implies that any steady, axisymmetric magneto-centrifugal model of jet launching is constrained to a launch radius in the disc plane of r0 < 0.5 and 0.3 au for the blue- and redshifted jets, respectively. This supports an X-wind or narrow disc-wind model. However, the result pertains only to the observed high-velocity [Fe II] emission, and does not rule out a wider flow launched from a wider radius. We report the detection of small-amplitude jet axis wiggling in both lobes. We rule out orbital motion of the jet source as the cause. Precession can better account for the observations but requires double the precession angle, and a different phase for the counter-jet. Such non-solid body precession could arise from an inclined massive Jupiter companion, or a warping instability induced by launching a magnetic disc wind.
Conclusions. Overall, our observations are consistent with an origin of the DO Tau jets from the inner regions of the disc.
Algebraic quantification of an active region contribution to the solar cycle
Authors: Wang Zi-Fan , Jiang Jie , Wang Jing-Xiu 
Published: April 2021

Context. The solar dipole moment at cycle minimum is considered to be the most reliable precursor with which to determine the amplitude of the subsequent cycle. Numerical simulations of the surface flux transport (SFT) model are widely used to effectively predict the dipole moment at cycle minimum. An algebraic method was recently proposed to quickly predict the contribution of an active region (AR) to the axial dipole moment at cycle minimum instead of SFT simulations. The method assumes a bipolar magnetic region (BMR) configuration of ARs, however most ARs are asymmetric in configuration of opposite polarities, or have more complex configurations. Such ARs evolve significantly differently from those of BMR approximations.
Aims. We propose a generalized algebraic method to describe the axial dipole contribution of an AR with an arbitrary configuration, and evaluate its effectiveness compared to the BMR-based method.
Methods. We employ mathematical deductions to obtain the generalized method. We compare the results of the generalized method with SFT simulations of observed ARs, artificially created BMRs, and ARs with more complex configurations. We also compare the results with those from the BMR-based method.
Results. The generalized method is equivalent to the SFT model, and precisely predicts the contributions of ARs to the dipole moment, but has a much higher computational efficiency. Although the BMR-based method has similar computational efficiency to the generalized method, it is only accurate for symmetric bipolar ARs. The BMR-based method systematically overestimates the dipole contributions of asymmetric bipolar ARs, and randomly miscalculates the contributions of more complex ARs.
Conclusions. The generalized method provides a quick and precise quantification of the contribution of an AR to solar cycle evolution, which paves the way for application in physics-based solar cycle predictions.
Electron Bernstein waves and narrowband plasma waves near the electron cyclotron frequency in the near-Sun solar wind
Authors: Malaspina D. M. , Wilson III L. B. , Ergun R. E. , Bale S. D. , Bonnell J. W. , Goodrich K. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , MacDowall R. J. , Pulupa M. , Halekas J. , Case A. , Kasper J. C. , Larson D. , Stevens M. , Whittlesey P. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Recent studies of the solar wind sunward of 0.25 AU reveal that it contains quiescent regions, with low-amplitude plasma and magnetic field fluctuations, and a magnetic field direction similar to the Parker spiral. The quiescent regions are thought to have a more direct magnetic connection to the solar corona than other types of solar wind, suggesting that waves or instabilities in the quiescent regions are indicative of the early evolution of the solar wind as it escapes the corona. The quiescent solar wind regions are highly unstable to the formation of plasma waves near the electron cyclotron frequency (fce).
Aims. We examine high time resolution observations of these waves in an effort to understand their impact on electron distribution functions of the quiescent near-Sun solar wind.
Methods. High time resolution waveform captures of near-fce waves were examined to determine variations of their amplitude and frequency in time as well as their polarization properties.
Results. We demonstrate that the near-fce wave intervals contain several distinct wave types, including electron Bernstein waves and extremely narrowband waves that are highly sensitive to the ambient magnetic field orientation. Using the properties of these waves, we suggest possible plasma wave mode classifications and possible instabilities that generate these waves. The results of this analysis indicate that these waves may modify the cold core of the electron distribution functions in the quiescent near-Sun solar wind.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Perger M. , Ribas I. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Morales J. C. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Béjar V. J. S. , Dreizler S. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Montes D. , Pallé E. , Rodríguez-López C. , Schweitzer A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The interaction between Earth-like exoplanets and the magnetic field of low-mass host stars are considered to produce weak emission signals at radio frequencies. A study using LOFAR data announced the detection of radio emission from the mid M-type dwarf GJ 1151 that could potentially arise from a close-in terrestrial planet. Recently, the presence of a 2.5-M⊕ planet orbiting GJ 1151 with a 2-day period has been claimed using 69 radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N and HPF instruments.
Aims. We have obtained 70 new high-precision RV measurements in the framework of the CARMENES M-dwarf survey and use these data to confirm the presence of the claimed planet and to place limits on possible planetary companions in the GJ 1151 system.
Methods. We analysed the periodicities present in the combined RV data sets from all three instruments and calculated the detection limits for potential planets in short-period orbits.
Results. We cannot confirm the recently announced candidate planet and conclude that the 2-day signal in the HARPS-N and HPF data sets is most probably produced by a long-term RV variability, possibly arising from an outer planetary companion that has yet to be constrained. We calculate a 99.9% significance detection limit of 1.50 m s−1 in the RV semi-amplitude, which places upper limits of 0.7 M⊕ and 1.2 M⊕ on the minimum masses of potential exoplanets with orbital periods of 1 and 5 days, respectively.
Anti-Toxoplasma IgG assays: What performances for what purpose? A systematic review
Authors: Robert-Gangneux Florence , Guegan Hélène 
Published: April 2021

Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii is attested by the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG. A wide panel of serologic methods is currently marketed, and the most suitable method should be chosen according to the laboratory resources and the screened population. This systematic review of evaluation studies aimed at establishing an overview of the performances, i.e. sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of marketed anti-Toxoplasma IgG assays, and discussing their technical characteristics to guide further choice for routine diagnostic use. According to PRISMA guidelines, the search performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases recovered 826 studies, of which 17 were ultimately included. Twenty commercial anti-Toxoplasma IgG assays were evaluated, in comparison with an accepted reference method. Most of them were enzyme-immunoassays (EIAs, n = 12), followed by agglutination tests (n = 4), immunochromatographic tests (n = 3), and a Western-Blot assay (WB, n = 1). The mean sensitivity of IgG assays ranged from 89.7% to 100% for standard titers and from 13.4% to 99.2% for low IgG titers. A few studies pointed out the ability of some methods, especially WB to detect IgG early after primary infection. The specificity of IgG assays was generally high, ranging from 91.3% to 100%; and higher than 99% for most EIA assays. The PPV was not a discriminant indicator among methods, whereas significant disparities (87.5%–100%) were reported among NPVs, a key-parameter assessing the ability to definitively rule out a Toxoplasma infection in patients at-risk for opportunistic infections.
Der Einfluss von Profession und Erfahrung hinsichtlich der kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen – eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Dobbrunz Sascha , Daubmann Anne , Müller Jürgen L. , Briken Peer 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie untersucht, ob Beruf und Erfahrungsgrad einen Einfluss auf die kriteriengeleitete Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen haben.
Methodik Zwei verschiedene Kriterienkataloge wurden von 3 verschiedenen Berufsgruppen (Psychologen, Psychiater und Juristen), jeweils mit einem unterschiedlichen Ausmaß an Vorerfahrung, hinsichtlich ihrer prädiktiven Validität überprüft. Hierzu bewerteten 349 Rater die Kriterien eines von 2 Kriterienkatalogen anhand einer von 2 beispielhaften Fallvignetten. Die Zuteilung erfolgte randomisiert.
Ergebnisse Die Variablen Erfahrungsgrad und Berufszugehörigkeit zeigten bezogen auf keinen der beiden Kriterienkataloge einen Zusammenhang mit der Vorhersageleistung bezüglich der Einschätzung der Schwere der Störung bzw. der erheblich verminderten Steuerungsfähigkeit.
Schlussfolgerung Bei der Anwendung einer kriteriengeleiteten Vorgehensweise konnte mit der Methodik der hier vorliegenden Studie (Präsentation von kurzen Fallvignetten) kein signifikanter Einfluss von Berufsgruppe und Erfahrung auf die Einschätzung bei Fragen der Schuldfähigkeit im Zusammenhang mit paraphilen Störungen festgestellt werden. Die Anwendung von Kriterienkatalogen kann möglicherweise unabhängig von einschlägigen Vorerfahrungen im Bereich der Schuldfähigkeitsbegutachtung einen substanziellen Teil zur Vorhersageleistung beitragen, ist jedoch nicht als alleinige Beurteilungsquelle anzusehen.
Doppler ultrasound in pregnancy – quality requirements of DEGUM and clinical application (part 2)
Authors: Faber Renaldo , Heling Kai-Sven , Steiner Horst , Gembruch Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis second part on Doppler sonography in prenatal medicine and obstetrics reviews its clinical applications. While this has not become the initially anticipated screening tool, it is used for the diagnosis and surveillance of a variety of fetal pathologies. For example, the sonography-based determination of uterine artery blood flow indices is an important parameter for the first trimester multimodal preeclampsia risk assessment, increasing accuracy and providing indication for the prophylactic treatment with aspirin. It also has significant implications for the diagnosis and surveillance of growth-restricted fetuses in the second and third trimesters through Doppler-sonographic analysis of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus. Here, especially the hemodynamics of the ductus venosus provides a critical criterium for birth management of severe, early-onset FGR before 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Further, determination of maximum blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery is a central parameter in fetal diagnosis of anemia which has been significantly improved by this analysis. However, it is important to note that the mentioned improvements can only be achieved through highest methodological quality. Importantly, all these analyses are also applied to twins and higher order multiples. Here, for the differential diagnosis of specific complications such as TTTS, TAPS and TRAP, the application of Doppler sonography has become indispensable. To conclude, the successful application of Doppler sonography requires both exact methodology and precise pathophysiological interpretation of the data.
Microbial Biotransformation of Cannabidiol (CBD) from Cannabis sativa
Authors: Ahmed Safwat A. , Ibrahim Amany K. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Slade Desmond , Chandra Suman , Khan Ikhlas A. , ElSohly Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobial biotransformation of cannabidiol was assessed using 31 different microorganisms. Only Mucor ramannianus (ATCC 9628), Beauveria bassiana (ATCC 7195), and Absidia glauca (ATCC 22 752) were able to metabolize cannabidiol. M. ramannianus (ATCC 9628) yielded five metabolites, namely, 7,4″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (1), 6β,4″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (2), 6β,2″β-dihydroxycannabidiol (3), 6β,3″α-dihydroxycannabidiol (4), and 6β,7,4″β-trihydroxycannabidiol (5). B. bassiana (ATCC 7195) metabolized cannabidiol to afford six metabolites identified as 7,3″-dihydroxycannabidivarin (6), 7-hydroxycannabidivarin-3″-carboxylic acid (7), 3″-hydroxycannabidivarin (8), 4″β-hydroxycannabidiol (9), and cannabidivarin-3″-carboxylic acid (10) along with compound 1. Incubation of cannabidiol with A. glauca (ATCC 22 752) yielded three metabolites, 6α,3″-dihyroxycannabidivarin (11), 6β,3″-dihyroxycannabidivarin (12), and compound 6. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activity.
Heiminfusionstherapie bei Morbus Pompe: Konsensusempfehlungen für den deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Lampe Christina , Boentert Matthias , Hundsberger Thomas , Löscher Wolfgang , Wenninger Stephan , Ziegler Andreas , Lagler Florian , Ballhausen Diana , Schlegel Thomas , Schoser Benedikt 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Morbus Pompe ist eine lysosomale Multisystemerkrankung mit prädominanter Myopathie, für die eine Enzymersatztherapie (EET) mit rekombinanter α-Glucosidase verfügbar ist. Diese muss aktuell zweiwöchentlich lebenslang erfolgen. Um die Belastung durch diese Behandlungsform gering zu halten, besteht bei vielen Betroffenen der Wunsch, die EET zu Hause als sog. Heiminfusionstherapie durchzuführen.
Ziele und Methoden Im Rahmen zweier Deutsch-Österreichisch-Schweizerischer Konsensus-Expertentreffen in den Jahren 2019 und 2020 wurde diskutiert, welche Voraussetzungen gegeben sein müssen, damit eine Heiminfusionstherapie medizinisch vertretbar erfolgen kann, wie diese sachgemäß durchzuführen ist und wie die Rechtslage für delegierende Ärzte aussieht.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Prinzipiell ist bei Patienten mit Morbus Pompe eine Heiminfusionstherapie möglich, wenn bestimmte Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. Die Entscheidung muss für jeden Patienten individuell getroffen werden. Der behandelnde Arzt delegiert die Durchführung der Heiminfusionstherapie ad personam an eine Pflegekraft. Die Endverantwortung für die korrekte Durchführung der EET verbleibt aber beim Arzt. Die Heiminfusionstherapie muss durch speziell geschultes Pflegepersonal erfolgen. Hauptrisiko ist das Auftreten allergischer Reaktionen. Deren adäquate Erstbehandlung muss ebenso sichergestellt sein wie die Verfügbarkeit einer notfallmedizinischen Versorgung. Um die psychosoziale Belastung von Patienten mit Morbus Pompe in deutschsprachigen Ländern zu minimieren und delegierenden Ärzten größere Rechtssicherheit zu geben, sind klarere Regelungen für die Durchführung einer Heiminfusionstherapie wünschenswert.