bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite Hybrid Surface Plasmon Waveguide
Authors: Li Wenchao , Wu Jiawei , Li Xin , Li Zhiquan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel perovskite hybrid surface plasmon waveguide structure is designed. Established its physical model and introduced its theoretical basis in detail. Based on the finite element method, the mode characteristics, quality factor, and gain threshold of the waveguide structure are analyzed with geometric parameters. The results show that the optical field constraint of the waveguide can reach a good deep sub-wavelength level under the optimal operating wavelength of 1550nm. By adjusting the waveguide design parameters, the high quality factor, low energy loss, low threshold limit and ultra small effective mode field area are obtained. Compared with the hybrid waveguide structure proposed in the current research results, this structure has stronger optical field limiting ability and microcavity binding ability. The waveguide structure can provide theoretical and technical support for the development of new efficient nano laser devices, and has a good application prospect.
A Novel Rat Model of Embolic Cerebral Ischemia Using a Microcatheter and Zirconia Ball Under Fluoroscopic Guidance
Authors: Komatsu Teppei , Ohta Hiroki , Motegi Haruhiko , Hata Junichi , Terawaki Koshiro , Koizumi Makoto , Muta Kanako , Okano Hirotaka James , Iguchi Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose: The failure of neuroprotective treatment-related clinical trials may be partially caused by unestablished animal models. Existing animal models are less likely to provide occlusion confined to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), making transarterial intervention difficult. We aimed to develop a novel focal stroke model using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide that is non-magnetic under fluoroscopic guidance, which can monitor MCA occlusion and can improve hemorrhagic complications. Methods: Using male Sprague Dawley rats (n=8), a microcatheter was navigated from the caudal ventral artery to the left internal carotid artery using digital subtraction angiography to establish local occlusion. Results: All rat cerebral angiographies were successful. No rats had hemorrhagic complications. Six (75%) rats underwent occlusion of the MCA bifurcation by zirconium dioxide. Accidentally, the left posterior cerebral artery was failure embolized in 2 rats (25%) via the posterior communicating artery. The median operating time was 8.5 min. Moreover, 2% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining showed that the median infarct volume (mm3) was 280 (interquartile range; 267-333) 24 hours after the left MCA bifurcation occlusion. Conclusions: We present a novel rat model for focal stroke using a microcatheter and zirconium dioxide which does not affect the MRI. The model is predictable and reproducible, which is well confined within the territory supplied by the MCA. Fluoroscopy was able to identify which the MCA occlusion and model success while creating the model. It permitted exclusion of animals with complications from the experiment.
Oncological and functional outcomes of supratotal resection of IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma based on 11C-methionine PET: a retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Hirono Seiichiro , Ozaki Ko , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Hara Ayaka , Yamaki Tomohiro , Matsutani Tomoo , Iwadate Yasuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose. The oncological and functional outcomes in glioblastoma (GBM) patients following supratotal resection (SupTR), involving complete resection of contrast-enhancing enhanced (CE) tumors and areas of methionine (Met) uptake on 11C-met positron emission tomography (Met-PET), are unknown.Methods. We conducted a retrospective review in newly diagnosed, IDH1 wild-type GBM patients, comparing SupTR with gross total resection (GTR), in which only CE tumor tissue was resected. All patients underwent standard radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment, and were followed for tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS).Results. Among the 30 patients included in this study, 7 underwent SupTR and 23 underwent GTR. Awake craniotomy with cortical and subcortical mapping was more frequently performed in the SupTR group than in the GTR group. During the follow-up period, significantly different patterns of disease progression were observed between groups. Although more than 80% of recurrences were local in the GTR group, all recurrences in the SupTR group were distant. Median OS in the GTR and SupTR groups was 18.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2-35.1) and not reached (95% CI, 30.5-not estimable), respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.03 by log-rank test). No postoperative neurocognitive decline was evident in patients who underwent SupTR.Conclusion. Compared to GTR alone, aggressive resection of both CE tumors and areas with Met uptake (SupTR) under awake craniotomy with functional mapping results in a survival benefit associated with better local control and neurocognitive preservation.
Highly-Efficient thin Film LiNbO3 Surface Couplers Connected by Ridge-Waveguide Subwavelength Gratings
Authors: Yang Sipan , Xu Jinbin , Li Yaqian , Wu Liying , Quan Xueling , Fu Liucheng , Liu Min , Wang Zhengjie , Cheng Xiulan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ridge waveguide integrated grating couplers (GCs) in lithium niobate on insulator (LiNbO 3 , LNOI) were designed, fabricated and characterized. Two ends of the gratings structures were connected through the middle photonic rib-waveguide of a sub-micrometric-diameter, which was nanostructured with the geometry of side-wall corrugated subwavelength gratings structure. A high coupling efficiency of -5.1 dB for the best thin film LiNbO 3 (TFLN) grating coupler was measured at the telecommunication wavelength of 1561 nm for quasi-transverse-electric (TE) polarized signals, with a broad 3-dB optical bandwidth of wider than 95 nm. All the devices structure patterns for the integrated LNOI GCs could be simultaneously defined by one step of electron-beam lithography, and then easily fabricated by the dry-etching processes. This compact component exhibited magnificent performance, and might show the potential functionalities for the TFLN-based integrated optical waveguide devices.
The extra 1.5 cm makes the differences: reduced incidence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia after modified hysterectomy for CIN3/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) patients
Authors: Li Lei , Song Xiaoyan , Feng Xiaojie , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liu Ruonan , Liang Dongxia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To assess whether modified hysterectomy can improve locoregional control compared to the standard extrafascial hysterectomy for cervical high grade intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3)/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) patients.
Methods

A total of 135 CIN3/AIS patients from May 2014 to March 2018 were enrolled and randomized to different hysterectomy group and finally 128 patients were eligible for analysis, in which 60 patients received standard extrafascial hysterectomy and 68 patients received modified hysterectomy by removing extra 1.5cm of vagina. Intra-operative variables including operative time, estimated amount of blood loss, urinary catheter time, hospital stay time and postoperative complications, most importantly the postoperative recurrence and disease free survival (DFS) were compared and analyzed.
Results

Age, BMI and histology grade were comparable between these two groups. No significant differences were found at median surgical times, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay neither laparoscopicly nor abdominally, and neither was found about the incidences of fistulas, or other surgical complications. No incidences of prolonged urinary retention were found in both groups. With a median follow-up of 47.3 months (range 11–64 months), the modified hysterectomy group and had a significantly improved in DFS rate compared to the standard extrafascial hysterectomy group (P = 0.026). No disease related death occurred in the follow-up time.
Conclusion

With similar intra-operative variables operative time, modified hysterectomy appeared to provide the most reliable specimens and significantly reduced the postoperative vaginal recurrence rate for CIN3/AIS patients who choose remove their uterus when compared with standard extrafascial hysterectomy.
Development and Comparison of the Techniques for Solving the Inverse Problem in Photoacoustics
Authors: Nesic Mioljub Vojislav , Popovic Marica , Djordjevic Katarina , Miletic Vesna , Jordovic-Pavlovic Miroslava , Markushev Dragan , Galovic Slobodanka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, theoretically/mathematically simulated (TMS) model is presented for the photoacoustic (PA) frequency response of a semiconductor in a minimum volume PA cell. By analyzing of the TMS model, the influences of thermal diffusivity and linear coefficient of thermal expansion on silicon sample PA frequency response were investigated and two methods were developed for their estimation. The first one is a self consistent inverse procedure (SCIP) for solving the exponential problems of mathematical physics, based on regression. The second one, a well trained three-layer perceptron with back propagation, based upon theory of artificial neural networks (ANN), is developed and presented. These two inverse problem solving concepts are applied to thermo-elastic characterization of silicon, compared and discussed in the domain of semiconductor characterization.
Student Profile: Motivations, Contributions and Barriers to Engage in Extracurricular Activities
Authors: Fujii Renata Nunes Achar , Kobayasi Renata , Enns Sylvia Claassen , Tempski Patrícia Zen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Extracurricular activities in medical education and are defined as any social, philanthropic, non-mandatory and unpaid activity. Some of these activities allow students to interact with the community providing care, learning and experiences for both. The purpose of this study is to describe the motivational aspects, the learnings and the barriers involved in the practice of these activities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with medical students attending the first to the fifth year of medicine. We used qualitative and quantitative analyses to understand the motivating aspects, barriers and contributions involved in the practice of extracurricular activities. Results: Of the 586 students regularly enrolled in the medical course, 462 students accepted to participate in the research (Response rate: 78.43%), with 159 male students (34, 4%) and 303 female students (65.6%). Most of medical students (58,01%) participate in extracurricular activities with less participation during the first year (10,9%) and internship (35,4%). Among the motivating factors, students reported the desire to contribute to society, support their professional choice and learning. The students mentioned as learnings: integration of knowledge, life experiences, and development of communication, teamwork, leadership, responsibility, empathy and resilience. The barriers mentioned were the limited spots, the selection, the lack of support from those involved, personal, time management and possible losses in academic performance, physical and financial resources. Conclusion: Extracurricular activities allow medical students to develop skills and attitudes that are important to their future as a doctor. Students are motivated to participate in these activities to contribute to society, support their future professional choice and improve their learning.
Sequential HBV Treatment With Tenofovir Alafenamide for Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: Week 96 Results From a Real-world, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Nakamuta Makoto , Koyanagi Toshimasa , Ooho Aritsune , Furusyo Norihiro , Kajiwara Eiji , Dohmen Kazufumi , Kawano Akira , Satoh Takeaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Azuma Koichi , Yamashita Nobuyuki , Yamashita Naoki , Sugimoto Rie , Amagase Hiromasa , Kuniyoshi Masami , Ichiki Yasunori , Morita Chie , Shimoda Shinji , Nomura Hideyuki , Hayashi Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and AimsOutcome data of sequential hepatitis B virus treatment with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are limited. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and renal safety of TAF in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who were previously treated with entecavir (ETV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), or nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) combination. MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective, cohort study included 458 consecutive CHB patients who switched to TAF monotherapy after at least two years of treatment with another NA. The longitudinal virological/laboratory responses were evaluated up to 96 weeks after switchover. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73m2. ResultsThe proportions of HBV DNA suppression (HBV DNA<20 IU/mL) at week 96 were 99.0%, 97.8%, and 98.4% in the prior ETV (n=198), TDF (n=137), and NA combination (n=123) groups, respectively. Almost all patients with HBV DNA of 20-2000 IU/mL at baseline achieved HBV DNA suppression at week 96. On multivariable generalized estimated equation (GEE) analysis, a low quantitative hepatitis surface antigen (qHBsAg) level at baseline was associated with a lower follow-up qHBsAg level (coefficient 0.81, P<0.001). The eGFR showed greater improvement in patients with CKD compared to those with non-CKD according to the multivariable GEE analysis (coefficient 21.7, P<0.001). However, the increase of eGFR reached a peak between weeks 24 and 48. ConclusionsBased on this longitudinal data analysis up to 96 weeks, sequential NA therapy with a switch to TAF is a good option to better achieve high viral suppression and renal safety.
Cellulose based fluorescent macromolecular sensors and their ability in 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol detection
Authors: Jiao Xinyue , Li Heyi , Cheng Xinjian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with three cellulose-based fluorescent macromolecular sensors by introducing 1,8-naphthimide fluorophore to cellulose. Firstly, through the etherification reaction of cellulose with BrCH2CH2NH2, -NH2 group bearing cellulose CS 1 was obtained. And then -NH2 group reacts with 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride to synthesize a naphthalimide cellulose derivative (CS 2). Finally, recognition group was introduced by substituting Br atoms, and three cellulose fluorescent probes (CS 3, CS 4, CS 5) were obtained eventually. Structure and fluorescence properties of the macromolecular sensors were characterized and confirmed. Fluorescence detection measurements show that these probes can be used as selective and sensitive fluorescent sensors to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The detection limits are 0.52µM, 0.76µM and 0.81µM, respectively, indicating good detection performance. This work provides a new method for the selective detection of TNP and also a method to enlarge the application scope of cellulose.
Adsorption and pH values determine the distribution of cadmium in terrestrial and marine soils in the Nansha area, Pearl River Delta
Authors: Wang Fangting , Bao Ke , Huang Changsheng , Han Wenjing , Yin Zhibin , Chen Zhihua , Zhao Xinwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic element with a half-life of several decades, which can accumulate in the human body by entering the food chain and seriously harm health. Coastal zones are located in the transitional zone between land and sea, and large amounts of terrigenous material input have important environmental effects on this ecosystem. The pH, Eh, hydrodynamic conditions, soil organic matter(SOM) and other factors defining the sea-land interaction within the sedimentary environment are significantly different from those defining land facies. It was found that the adsorption constant KF and the Cd2+adsorption capacity of marine soils were higher than those of terrestrial soils. However, the saturation adsorption of cadmium in terrestrial sediments was higher than in marine sediments. In order to study the key factors affecting cadmium adsorption in soils at the sea-land interface in the Nansha area of the Pearl River Delta, a test was conducted on a column of undisturbed soil. The results showed that soil pH was an important factor affecting cadmium adsorption capacity in both terrestrial and marine sediments. Neutral and alkaline topsoil conditions inhibited the vertical migration of cadmium, while the acidic environment favored it. The higher the clay and SOM were, the stronger the Cd2+ adsorption capacity of the soil was. These findings suggest that the distribution of cadmium in marine and continental sedimentary soils is not only related to adsorption, but also to the physical and chemical processes occurring in different sedimentary environments.
Production of Electroconductive, Superhydrphobic and Flame-Retardant Cotton Fibers via Pad-Dry-Cure Process using Silicone Rubber and Ammonium Polyphosphate
Authors: Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Alothman Asma A. , Ubaidullah Mohd , Nafady Ayman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although pyrovatex has been widely utilized as commercial flame-retardant material, the discharge of poisonous formaldehyde is still a major concern. On the other side, fluorine-based materials have been successfully used to impart superhydrophobic textile surfaces, but they are highly expensive and extremely toxic. Based on these challenging concerns, we report a simple one-step method for the production of flame-retardant and water-repellent coating onto an electroconductive cotton-nickel (Cot-Ni) blend fabric. Firstly, the electroconductive cotton was prepared by weaving nickel strip twisted around cotton core yarns, which were then weaved with pure cotton yarns to introduce Cot-Ni blend fabric. Secondly a composite comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) was applied onto the electroconductive cotton fabrics via one-step pad-dry-cure technique. Results showed that the flame-retardant effect of cotton was enhanced due to the high binding of RTV with both APP and cotton fibers. Thus, different concentrations of APP were implemented in the composite to establish that only 100 g/L of APP with RTV presented an improved fire-retardancy. The surface of Cot-Ni fabric displayed different hierarchical morphologies relying on the concentration of APP. Moreover, RTV further enhanced the superhydrphobic nature of cotton surface. Importantly, the superhydrophobic activity was characterized by static water contact angle of the coated Cot-Ni blend. The CIE Lab colorimetric measurements of the coated Cot-Ni blend were also explored. The comfort characteristics of the coated Cot-Ni blend were assessed by measuring their air permeability and stiffness. Ultimately, these multifunctional cotton-nickel (Cot-Ni)/RTV-APP treated fabrics could be suitable for diverse applications, including firefighters’ wear, car seat mats, and grain storage containers.
Frequent Promoter Hypermethylation and Down Regulation of BNIP3: An Early Event During Gallbladder Cancer Progression
Authors: Bharti Amisha , Singh Deepika , Ansari Mumtaz A , Tewari Mallika , Narayan Gopeshwar , Singh Sunita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been reported as one of the risk factors of Gallbladder cancer (GBC). Promoter hypermethylation is associated with high incidence and poor prognosis of GBC. Bcl‑2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a pro-apoptotic protein member of Bcl‑2 family. Present study was aimed to investigate expression profile and promoter methylation status of BNIP3 in GBC and its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters. We demonstrate down regulation of BNIP3 in 56% of the GBC samples. BNIP3 promoter is also frequently hypermethylated (69%) in GBC samples. Interestingly, we found that 69% (40/58) of the BNIP3 promoter hypermethylated samples had also reduced expression of BNIP3. Our data demonstrate significant correlation of the mRNA expression and promoter hypermethylation with late stage and nodal metastasis. Hypermethylation of BNIP3 promoter is associated with low overall survival period. Our results suggest that promoter hypermethylation is an early event and can be a frequent mechanism for down regulation of BNIP3 in GBC. BNIP3 can be a good prognostic and diagnostic marker of GBC.
Influence of Heat Generation/Absorption and Stagnation point on Polystyrene -TiO2/H 2 O Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Masood Sadaf , Farooq Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on hybrid nanofluid flow induced by stretched surface. The present context covers stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid with the effect of heat gen-eration/absorption. Currently most famous class of nanofluids is Hybrid nanofluid. It contains polystyrene and titanium oxide as a nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. First time attributes of heat transfer are evaluated by utilizing polystyrene-TiO 2 / H 2 O hybrid nanofluid with heat gen-eration/absorption. Partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equation by using appropriate transformations for heat and velocity. Homotopy analysis method is operated for solution of ordinary differential equations. Flow and heat are disclosed graphically for unlike parameters. Resistive force and heat transfer rate is deliberated mathematically and graphically. It is deduced that velocity field enhanced for velocity ratio parameter whereas temperature field decays for heat generation/absorption coefficient. To judge the production of any engineering system entropy generation is also calculated. It is noticed that entropy generation grows for Prandtl number and Eckert number while it shows opposite behaviour for temperature difference parameter.
Health Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors and Associated Predictors Among Clinical Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zeng Wen , Fang Qian , He Shan , An Qiping , Li Juan , Yao Yuanrong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Nurses play a core role and encompass the main workforce in health care systems. Their role model of health promoting behaviors would directly or indirectly affect their clients’ beliefs or attitudes of health promotion. There is limited evidence on health promoting lifestyle behaviors in clinical registered nurses. To explore the health promoting lifestyle behaviors and associated influencing factors among clinical registered nurses in China.Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted in 2020. Participants were asked to complete social demographic information as well as the revised Chinese edition of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile. Independent-Sample T Test, One-Way ANOVA and categorical regression (optimal scaling regression) were main methods to analysis the relationship between demographic data and score of health promoting lifestyle behaviors.Results: 19422 nurses were included in the study. The mean score of self-actualization, health responsibility/physical activity, nutrition, job safety, interpersonal support and overall Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile were, 27.61±5.42 out of a score of 36, 22.71±7.77 out of a score of 44, 10.43±2.97 out of a score of 16, 22.05±3.97 out of a score of 28, 20.19±4.67 out of a score of 28, and 102.99±19.93 out of a score of 144, respectively. There was a significant relationship among Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person and mean score of all subscales and the overall Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (P<0.05).Conclusions: Nurses participated in the study presented moderate level of health promoting lifestyle behaviors. Hospital levels, working years, nightshift status, and monthly income per person were predictors for all subscales and overall HPLP.