bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pim1 knockout alleviates sarcopenia in aging mice via reducing adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors
Authors: Shang Guo‐kai , Han Lu , Wang Zhi‐hao , Song Ming , Wang Di , Tan Yan‐min , Li Yi‐hui , Li Yu‐lin , Zhang Wei , Zhong Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia widely exists in elderly people and triggers numerous age‐related events. The essential pathologic change lies in the increased intramuscular adipose tissue after aging with no exception to non‐obese objects. Pim1 appears to be associated with adipogenic differentiation in recent studies, inspiring us to explore whether it regulates adipogenesis in aging muscles and affects sarcopenia.MethodsWild‐type and Pim1 knockout C57/BL6J mice were randomized into young and old groups. Histo‐pathological and molecular biological methods were applied to assess the intramuscular adipose tissue content, the atrophy and regeneration, and the expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors. PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors were separated and their replicative aging model were established. Different time of adipogenic induction and different amounts of Pim1 inhibitor were applied, after which the adipogenic potency were evaluated. The expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors were measured through western blotting.ResultsThe aging mice demonstrated decreased forelimb grip strength (P = 0.0003), hanging impulse (P < 0.0001), exhaustive running time (P < 0.0001), tetanic force (P = 0.0298), lean mass (P = 0.0008), and percentage of gastrocnemius weight in body weight (P < 0.0001), which were improved by Pim1 knockout (P = 0.0015, P = 0.0222, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0444, P = 0.0004, and P = 0.0003, respectively). To elucidate the mechanisms, analyses showed that Pim1 knockout decreased the fat mass (P = 0.0005) and reduced the intramuscular adipose tissue content (P = 0.0008) by inhibiting the C/EBPδ pathway (P = 0.0067) in aging mice, resulting in increased cross‐sectional area of all and fast muscle fibres (P = 0.0017 and 0.0024 respectively), decreased levels of MuRF 1 and atrogin 1 (P = 0.0001 and 0.0329 respectively), and decreased content of Pax7 at the basal state (P = 0.0055). In vitro, senescent PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors showed significantly increased the intracellular adipose tissue content (OD510) compared with young cells after 6 days of adipogenic induction (P < 0.0001). The Pim1 expression was elevated during adipogenic differentiation, and Pim1 inhibition significantly reduced the OD510 in senescent cells (P = 0.0040) by inhibiting the C/EBPδ pathway (P = 0.0047).ConclusionsPim1 knockout exerted protective effects in sarcopenia by inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors induced by C/EBPδ activation and thus reducing the intramuscular adipose tissue content in aging mice. These results provide a potential target for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Stereological study of the kidney during prenatal development in sheep
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of metanephros is a complex and gradual process. The number, size and distribution of nephrons provide important information about the organization of the kidney. Stereology is the current gold‐standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney development in sheep using design‐based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the sheep as a translational model in human nephrogenesis. Left kidneys of 16 sheep fetuses in four groups at 9–11, 12–14, 15–17, and 18–20 weeks of gestation were used in the present study. Systematic uniform random sections were obtained. The kidney volume, volume fraction of nephrogenic zone, cortex and medulla, and glomerular volume were estimated using point counting and Cavalieri's estimator. The total glomerular number was estimated using a physical disector/fractionator technique. The kidney and its compartments presented gradual changes with aging, with differences found in the last fetal ages. The kidney volume increased from 0.94 ± 0.22 cm3 to 8.6 ± 0.88 cm3 during development. The volume of cortex increased from 406 ± 85 mm3 to 5,151 ± 309 mm3 and the volume of medulla showed increase from 301 ± 91 mm3 to 3,426 ± 599 mm3. The total glomerular volume increased from 13.8 ± 1.6 mm3 to 235 ± 44 mm3. The total glomerular number increased from 4,683 ± 757 to 639 × 103 ± 11.6 × 103. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of embryological urology and promote future experimental investigations in this field.
Hsa_circ_0040809 regulates colorectal cancer development by upregulating methyltransferase DNMT1 via targeting miR‐515‐5p
Authors: Mao Guoliang , Zhou Bing , Xu Wuqin , Jiao Nanlin , Wu Zhihao , Li Jiajia , Liu Yinhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in the progression of various cancers. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns feature prominently in the regulation of the expression of tumor‐related genes. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of circ_0040809 affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1).Methodscirc_0040809 was selected from the circRNA microarray datasets (GSE142837 and GSE138589). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to examine the expression of circ_0040809, miR‐515‐5p, and DNMT1 mRNA in paired cancerous and paracancerous tissues of 40 CRC patients, as well as in cell lines. Western blotting was conducted for detecting DNMT1 protein expression in CRC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were assessed through CCK‐8, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Bioinformatics and dual‐luciferase gene assay were conducted to predict and verify, respectively, the targeted relationships between circ_0040809 and miR‐515‐5p, as well as between miR‐515‐5p and DNMT1 mRNA.ResultsIn CRC tissues and cells, circ_0040809 and DNMT1 expression are markedly increased, whereas miR‐515‐5p expression is decreased. Also, high circ_0040809 expression is significantly linked to shorter overall survival. Cell function compensation experiments reveal that circ_0040809 silencing inhibits CRC cell proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis, while circ_0040809 overexpression has the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ_0040809 competitively binds to miR‐515‐5p to elevate DNMT1 expression. Rescue assay reveals that overexpressed miR‐515‐5p partly counteracts the tumor‐facilitating impact of circ_0040809.Conclusionscirc_0040809 facilitates CRC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits apoptosis, through modulating miR‐515‐5p/DNMT1 axis. Our study implies that targeting circ_0040809 may be a therapy strategy for CRC treatment.
Determination of the compound class and functional groups in protonated analytes via diagnostic gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions
Authors: Liu Judy Kuan‐Yu , Niyonsaba Edouard , Alzarieni Kawthar Z. , Boulos Victoria M. , Yerabolu Ravikiran , Kenttämaa Hilkka I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiagnostic gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions serve as a powerful alternative to collision‐activated dissociation for the structural elucidation of analytes when using tandem mass spectrometry. The use of such ion‐molecule reactions has been demonstrated to provide a robust tool for the identification of specific functional groups in unknown ionized analytes, differentiation of isomeric ions, and classification of unknown ions into different compound classes. During the past several years, considerable efforts have been dedicated to exploring various reagents and reagent inlet systems for functional‐group selective ion‐molecule reactions with protonated analytes. This review provides a comprehensive coverage of literature since 2006 on general and predictable functional‐group selective ion‐molecule reactions of protonated analytes, including simple monofunctional and complex polyfunctional analytes, whose mechanisms have been explored computationally. Detection limits for experiments involving high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry based on ion‐molecule reactions and the application of machine learning to predict diagnostic ion‐molecule reactions are also discussed.
Pedicled fibular transfer for biologic knee extensor tendon reinsertion following proximal tibial resection in pediatric osteosarcoma: Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Alexander Will , Overland Joseph , Thomason Pamela , O'Sullivan Mark , Donnan Leo , Coombs Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionProximal tibial sarcoma resections result in a reconstructive challenge, necessitating joint and extensor mechanism reconstruction. The gait and functional outcomes for children reconstructed with a combination of megaprosthesis and pedicled fibular flap for extensor mechanism reconstruction, are presented.MethodsFour patients, aged 11–18 years old, were available for comprehensive analysis. The proximal tibial osteosarcoma was resected, and the reconstructive technique involved a megaprosthesis for the knee joint, used in combination with a pedicled fibula flap as a biologic structure for reinsertion of the knee extensor mechanism. Outcomes were measured with three‐dimensional gait analysis and patient questionnaires.ResultsMinor postoperative wound issues occurred in some patients, requiring debridement with skin grafting. One patient fractured their transferred fibula, requiring fixation. The follow up period ranged from 1.7 to 24 years postoperatively. The longevity and quality of reconstructions were strong, measured by both objective and patient‐reported outcomes. All patients reported independent walking >500 m in the Functional Mobility Scale and rated their walking as a nine or 10 (out of 10) on the Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Knee society scoring revealed overall satisfaction rate of 75–80%. No patients required gait aids. The gait profile analysis revealed effective gait patterns, with patterns deviating 5.4–7° from “typical gait.” Deviations >6.5° are considered abnormal.ConclusionThe long‐term results of combining a megaprosthesis with a pedicled fibula flap for extensor reinsertion, revealed a high level of independent function. The patients performed well, without the need for aids, and gait study evidence of minimal gait deviations.
Health services utilization prior to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis: A province‐wide study of individuals treated with riluzole in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Campitelli Michael A. , Abrahao Agessandro , Maclagan Laura C. , Fu Longdi , Maxwell Colleen J. , Swartz Richard H. , Zinman Lorne , Bronskill Susan E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) symptoms mimic those of other conditions and often require multiple physician and healthcare contacts for investigation and accurate diagnosis. We examined the type and frequency of healthcare service utilization prior to ALS diagnosis and tracheostomy‐free survival by sex and rurality among individuals treated with riluzole in Ontario, Canada.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study used administrative databases to identify patients aged 18+ y diagnosed with ALS and started on riluzole between April 2002–March 2018. Using Poisson regression, rate ratios of healthcare utilization and atypical diagnostic tests and unnecessary therapeutic interventions 5 y prior to ALS diagnosis were compared by sex and rurality. Tracheostomy‐free survival after diagnosis was compared between groups using Kaplan–Meier estimators and proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 1071 patients with ALS were identified with a mean age of 70 y; 563 (52.6%) were men and 134 (12.5%) were rural residents. The number of physician visits increased in the 18 mo prior to ALS diagnosis. We observed modest sex differences in healthcare utilization. Rural patients had lower neurologist visit rates (rate ratio [RR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–0.87) and were significantly more likely to receive an atypical diagnostic test or unnecessary therapeutic intervention (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.04–3.10). Tracheostomy‐free survival did not differ by sex (log‐rank P‐value = .78) or rurality (log‐rank P‐value = .84).DiscussionGiven disparities observed in healthcare of rural ALS patients, policy strategies are needed to ensure all patients have timely access to care along the pathway from symptom onset to ALS diagnosis, to enable access to new therapeutics and clinical trials.
Age-Structured Interactions among Reintroduced Sockeye Salmon, Resident Kokanee, Invasive Mysids, and their Zooplankton Prey in Skaha Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Hyatt Kim D. , McQueen Donald J. , Ogden Athena D. , Benson Ryan , Wright Howie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2004, after an 85+ year absence, Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were reintroduced into Skaha Lake, British Columbia. Prior to this, the lake’s planktivore community was dominated by kokanee (lacustrine Sockeye Salmon) and an invasive freshwater shrimp Mysis diluviana, and British Columbia fisheries managers were concerned that reintroduced Sockeye Salmon fry might reduce the abundance of zooplankton prey and negatively affect the abundance and size of kokanee available for the recreational fishery. We looked for possible adverse effects by introducing contrasting densities (0–2,309 fish/ha) of marked, hatchery-origin Sockeye Salmon fry to Skaha Lake over 12 years (2005–2017). During each year, we monitored state change indicators of lake flushing, water temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton, microzooplankton, M. diluviana, kokanee, and Sockeye Salmon. Zooplankton consumption by Sockeye Salmon, kokanee, and M. diluviana was estimated via bioenergetics models. We found that (1) average densities of pelagic fish gradually increased above premanipulation densities and (2) survival (egg to winter) of kokanee fry was variable but positively associated with increased abundances of Sockeye Salmon fry. Average survival of age-0 to age-3+ kokanee in Skaha Lake exhibited no significant trends. We also found that (3) growth rates for age-0 Sockeye Salmon fry and kokanee were stable during 2005–2013, despite moderate increases in fish abundance, but declined in 2017. This decline was associated with record-high biomasses of kokanee and M. diluviana, record rates of zooplankton loss from predation and lake flushing, and reduced zooplankton production. We found that (4) bioenergetics data showed that, on average, 1.8% of annual zooplankton prey consumption was attributable to hatchery-origin Sockeye Salmon fry, 2.8% to Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, 13.9% to older kokanee, and 79.6% of the zooplankton was consumed by M. diluviana. We concluded that during 2005–2015 consumption by planktivores never exceeded production by zooplankton, but in 2017, when lake flushing rates were exceptionally high, consumption by planktivores exceeded lake-carrying capacity for pelagic fish. Sockeye Salmon fry played virtually no part in these events.
Tantalum Nitride Nanosheets for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lin Pu , Luo Peifu , Guo Yating , Qiu Honglong , Wang Min , Huang Guoming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of TaN nanosheets and their application in theranostic agents is reported. After coating polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the TaN nanosheets, the as‐synthesized PEG‐modified TaN nanosheets (TaN‐PEG) show good stability and biocompatibility. Because of their high absorbance in the near‐IR region, TaN‐PEG can be utilized as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents for tumor imaging. Moreover, TaN‐PEG has significant photothermal conversion performance, exhibiting effective laser‐induced tumor ablation capability. The TaN‐PEG possessing excellent photoacoustic contrast effect and photothermal properties thus have great promise in theranostic applications, especially imaging‐guided cancer treatment.
Assembly of Nano‐Biocatalyst for the Tandem Hydrolysis and Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol Esters
Authors: de Barros Heloise Ribeiro , Tanaka Lívia Yukari , da Silva Rafael Trivella Pacheco , Santiago‐Arcos Javier , de Torresi Susana I. Córdoba , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid nano‐biomaterials are exploited in the design and performance of chemo‐enzymatic cascades. In this study, lipase is immobilized from Candida antarctica fraction B (CALB) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on magnetic particles coated with silica (MNP@SiO2) to stepwise hydrolyze and reduce p‐nitrophenyl esters in tandem reaction. The assembly of the two catalysts at the interface of the MNP@SiO2 particles and the temporal control of the reaction turns out to be the most determinant parameters for the cascade kinetics. When both CALB and Au NPs are co‐immobilized at the MNP@SiO2 particle, the tandem reactions take place significantly faster than when both catalysts are physically segregated by their immobilization on different MNP@SiO2 particles. Herein, it is demonstrated that the co‐immobilization of biocatalysts and nanocatalysts in solid materials creates hybrid interfaces that accelerated chemo‐enzymatic tandem reactions.
Mechanism of resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus elicited by inoculation with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis
Authors: Elsharkawy Mohsen M , Elsawy Mohamed M , Ismail Ismail A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSystemic resistance stimulated by rhizosphere bacteria is an important strategy for the management of plant viruses. The efficacy of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis was assessed for protection of cucumber and Arabidopsis against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Moreover, transcriptomic analysis was carried out for A. thaliana colonized with B. subtilis subsp. subtilis and infected with CMV.RESULTSTreatment with a cell suspension of Bacillus revealed a significant reduction of CMV severity in comparison to their control. All Arabidopsis mutants treated with B. subtilis showed a clear reduction in CMV accumulation. Disease severity data and virus concentration titer measurements correlated with gene up‐regulation in microarray and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) experiments. Bacillus treatment increased Arabidopsis growth characteristics (fresh and dry weights and number of leaflets) under pot conditions. The molecular mechanisms by which Bacillus activated resistance to CMV were investigated. Using the microarray hybridization technique, we were able to determine the mechanism of resistance elicited by B. subtilis against CMV. The transcriptomic analysis confirmed the up‐regulation of more than 250 defense‐related genes in Arabidopsis expressing induced systemic resistance (ISR). RT‐qPCR results validated the overexpression of defense genes (YLS9 and PR1 in Arabidopsis and PR1 and LOX in cucumber), implying their important roles in the stimulated defense response.CONCLUSIONThrough the study of microarray and RT‐qPCR analyses, it can be concluded that the overexpression of pathogenesis‐related genes was necessary to stimulate CMV defense in cucumber and Arabidopsis by B. subtilis subsp. subtilis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pay and networks in organizations: Incentive redesign as a driver of network change
Authors: Mitsuhashi Hitoshi , Nakamura Azusa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch summaryWe examine how corporate innovators adapt their intraorganizational networks when firms introduce performance‐based incentive plans that center on the short‐term achievement of individuals' measurable outputs. We postulate that such plans prompt individuals to revise goals and reconfigure their networks accordingly. Using the co‐patenting data, we analyzed cases of this incentive redesign by Japanese electronics firms in the 1990s. We found that the redesign engendered the emergence of more closed and smaller networks in organizations. Although inconsistent, we found some evidence that it promoted corporate innovators to build networks with others with similar expertise. These findings support the notion of incentive‐induced network adaptation and suggest a new theme to study the effects of incentive redesign on network evolution.Managerial summaryResearch suggests that innovators' networks assist with generating novel ideas, and that some structural characteristics encourage innovation. However, knowledge about how managers can create social conditions that promote the emergence of “ideal” networks in their firms is limited. We focus on the effects of incentive redesign and explore how corporate innovators can change their intraorganizational networks when firms introduce performance‐based incentive plans. We found that the redesign engendered the emergence of more closed and smaller networks in organizations. We also obtained some evidence that suggests that the redesign prompts inventors to include those with similar expertise in their networks. Thus, it is possible that managers can use incentive plans to design innovation networks in organizations.
Optimization for the conditions to prepare sewage sludge derived adsorbent and ciprofloxacin adsorption
Authors: Yadav Anshu , Singh Swati , Garg Anurag 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, sewage sludge (SS) was used to synthesize activated carbon (AC) which was further utilized as adsorbent for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CPX) from synthetic wastewater. The adsorbent was prepared by chemical activation method using ZnCl2 as activating agent. Design of experiments (DOE) approach was explored to determine the optimum operating conditions for the synthesis of AC and CPX removal from the wastewater. The optimum conditions for AC synthesis (i.e., carbonization temperature = ~500°C, activation time = 30 min, and impregnation ratio = 2.26) were decided based on results for three response parameters, that is, adsorbent yield, methylene blue removal, and iodine number. The synthesized adsorbent showed ~93% CPX removal (initial CPX concentration = 100 mg/L) at the following optimum conditions: adsorbent dose = 1.31 g/L, pH = 7 and reaction time = 12 h. Langmuir isotherm model was best fit to the equilibrium adsorption data (maximum adsorption capacity of SS derived AC = 102 mg/g) whereas pseudo‐second order model showed the best fit to adsorption kinetic data (adsorption capacity = 77.5 mg/g). An effort was also made to reduce fresh water requirement for adsorbent synthesis by recycling the wastewater produced during chemical activation of SS.Practitioner points

Experiment design approach was used for optimization of adsorbent preparation conditions and CPX removal conditions by waste derived adsorbent.
Sewage sludge derived adsorbent had BET surface area of 564 m2/g which is comparable to commercial activated carbon.
93% CPX adsorption with the sewage sludge derived adsorbent at optimum conditions.
Langmuir model better suited the CPX adsorption data.
Wastewater recycling and ZnO recovery from wastewater produced during adsorbent synthesis were performed.