bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological approach to studying mechanochemical effects in the processes of corrosion of metals under stress
Authors: Trofimova L E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is hereby suggested to use a topological approach based on the principles of synergetics and the theory of catastrophes to describe some aspects of the mechanochemical effect of the sign of deformation in stress corrosion phenomena. It was found that a steel plate being located in an aggressive environment and subjected to additional force impact may be informatively considered as a synergistic system. It has been established that the concept of sensitivity to imperfection can be applied to the interpretation of the deformation sign effect. It has been demonstrated that the violation of the symmetry of the sides of a bent plate is made provision for by the structure of standard models - catastrophes of the «ruffle» type. Possible scenarios for the development of mechanochemical effects are considered, taking into account Maxwell’s principles and maximum delay principles. Topological models which describe both the above-mentioned mechanochemical effect of the deformation sign at small times (within 50 s) and its reversal with time are constructed and analyzed. Further possible directions of investigation of mechanochemical effects in the processes of corrosion of metals under stress are formulated.
Study of resistance of thermomodified wood to the influence of natural conditions
Authors: Tsapko Y , Horbachova O , Mazurchuk S , Bondarenko O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is established that thermal modification provides a decrease in the hydrophobicity of wood. Additional wood surface treatment reduces water absorption factor of 2 and modified sample at a temperature of 220°C – 3 times. Geometric and dimensional stability is improved by 2 times. The effect of heat treatment on the water absorption of wood is slightly smaller - for samples modified at 190 and 220°C for more than 10 hours – 20 %. Additionally, a 20 % deterioration in water absorption can be achieved by applying oil-wax or azure. With increasing temperature modification improves color stability to UV-rays. If the wood after termomodyfikuvannya 160°C color difference ΔE 2 times larger, 190 and 220°C – does not change. Protection after applying azure to the surface is slightly better compared to oil-wax. Thermal modification and finishing paint and varnish materials increases resistance to surface weathering. Therefore, such treatment is appropriate for the protection and aesthetic appeal of wood products.
Design of the bracket’s structures and their bracing for industrial climbers’ service of high-rise buildings with facades of solid glazing
Authors: Tvardovsky I , Chuchmai A , Kalinina T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article presents one of the possible options for solving an urgent engineering problem of the development of special devices and their arrangement in high-rise buildings with continuous facade systems for the possibility of their service. The authors have developed a bracket design in two modifications made of metal plates, which is fastened to the end of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab at the level and along the perimeter of the eaves of the building with chemical anchors of the Hilti HVU series. The nature of the change in the stress-strain state in the plates, main pipes, and in anchor devices of the developed bracket construction was studied by calculation using the usual engineering method, as well as in the generated model in the SOFiSTiK computational and graphic complex. The results of short-term load testing of completed samples of the developed model before serial production are presented. The work of the elements of the developed structures of the brackets under the conditions of the action of an aggressive environment has been analyzed.
The impact of percentage content of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer and steel reinforcement on the strength indicators of experimental beams with hybrid reinforcement
Authors: Valovoi Alexander , Eremenko Alexander , Valovoi Maksim , Stoianovych Sergii 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of composite reinforcement in the structures subject to bending is limited due to their excessive deformation. One way to overcome this shortcoming is to use hybrid reinforcement where steel and composite reinforcement are used in combination. The effectiveness of this approach has been proven by previous studies. There are no studies on the establishment of the effective ratio between steel and composite elements. This paper presents the results of tests of prototype beams with hybrid reinforcement made of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and steel. A total of 12 series of samples of beams, three beams in each series, were studied. The percentage of both types of reinforcement was variable; it varied from a ratio of 100% / 0% to 0% / 100% in increments of ~ 20% (the numerator of the fraction corresponds to the percentage of steel reinforcement, and the denominator – to the percentage of BFRP reinforcement). According to the results of tests of beams by static loading, it was found that the use of hybrid reinforcement allowed to increase the bearing capacity of the samples by 33% – 74%, depending on the percentage of reinforcement in the cross section, compared with the beams of the control series. Based on the nature of breaks and load-bearing capacity, the most optimal ratio of steel and BFRP reinforcement was 60% – 40%. The optimal percentage of cross section reinforcement is 1.07%.
Features of passing a shock wave in a long communication passageway with walls of different rigidity
Authors: Vasilchenko A , Surianinov M , Otrosh Y , Nikitin V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The problem of attenuation of a shock wave during its propagation in long communication channels of industrial buildings or mining workings is considered. It is shown that an explosion in a channel produces a head shock wave with a plane wavefront, where the dynamic pressure significantly exceeds the pressure at fronts forming by the incident and reflected shock waves. A physical model of the formation and propagation of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different rigidity is proposed. It is shown that if one of the channel walls is movable or easily deformed, this leads to a violation of geometry of plane wavefront of the head shock wave and its weakening. The necessity of arranging pressure-relief structure in communication channels of buildings with increased explosive hazard and mine workings is grounded.
Improvement on the mechanical properties of eutectic Sn58Bi alloy with porous Cu addition during isothermal aging
Authors: Liu Yang , Ren Boqiao , Xue Yuxiong , Zhou Min , Cao Rongxing , Zeng Xianghua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A comparison of the microstructure, interfacial IMC layer, shear behavior and hardness of the Sn58Bi, SnBi@110P-Cu/Cu and SnBi@500P-Cu/Cu solder joints was carried out during isothermal aging in this study. Experimental results reveal that the regions enclosed by Cu frames in SnBi@110P-Cu/Cu exhibit more refined microstructure and higher hardness before and after aging. In contrast, the hardness of the aged SnBi@500P-Cu solder bulk is closer to the SnBi eutectic solder due to their similar microstructure. With the aging time prolonging, β-Sn and Bi-rich phases do not only coarsen in solder joints, but also lead to the rise of the thickness of the interfacial IMC layers. The addition of porous Cu can suppress the formation of voids at the soldering interface and improves the shear strength of the SnBi/Cu solder joints during the aging process. The shear strength of the SnBi@500P-Cu/Cu solder joint is higher than the other two before and after aging.
Halogen vacancy migration at surfaces of CsPbBr3 perovskites: insights from density functional theory
Authors: Biega R-I , Leppert L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Migration of halogen vacancies is one of the primary sources of phase segregation and material degradation in lead-halide perovskites. Here we use first principles density functional theory to compare migration energy barriers and paths of bromine vacancies in the bulk and at a (001) surface of cubic CsPbBr3. Our calculations indicate that surfaces might facilitate bromine vacancy migration in these perovskites, due to their soft structure that allows for bond lengths variations larger than in the bulk. We calculate the migration energy for axial-to-axial bromine vacancy migration at the surface to be only half of the value in the bulk. Furthermore, we study the effect of modifying the surface with four different alkali halide monolayers, finding an increase of the migration barrier to almost the bulk value for the NaCl-passivated system. Migration energies are found to be correlated to the lattice mismatch between the CsPbBr3 surface and the alkali halide monolayer. Our calculations suggest that surfaces might play a significant role in mediating vacancy migration in halide perovskites, a result with relevance for perovskite nanocrystals with large surface-to-volume ratios. Moreover, we propose viable ways for suppressing this undesirable process through passivation with alkali halide salts.
On the stability of log-rank test under labeling errors
Authors: Galili Ben , Samohi Anat , Yakhini Zohar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Log-rank test is a widely used test that serves to assess the statistical significance of observed differences in survival, when comparing two or more groups. The log-rank test is based on several assumptions that support the validity of the calculations. It is naturally assumed, implicitly, that no errors occur in the labeling of the samples. That is, the mapping between samples and groups is perfectly correct. In this work, we investigate how test results may be affected when considering some errors in the original labeling.

Results
We introduce and define the uncertainty that arises from labeling errors in log-rank test. In order to deal with this uncertainty, we develop a novel algorithm for efficiently calculating a stability interval around the original log-rank P-value and prove its correctness. We demonstrate our algorithm on several datasets.

Availability and implementation
We provide a Python implementation, called LoRSI, for calculating the stability interval using our algorithm https://github.com/YakhiniGroup/LoRSI.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
HieRFIT: a hierarchical cell type classification tool for projections from complex single-cell atlas datasets
Authors: Kaymaz Yasin , Ganglberger Florian , Tang Ming , Haslinger Christian , Fernandez-Albert Francesc , Lawless Nathan , Sackton Timothy B 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Motivation
The emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has led to an explosion in novel methods to study biological variation among individual cells, and to classify cells into functional and biologically meaningful categories.

Results
Here, we present a new cell type projection tool, Hierarchical Random Forest for Information Transfer (HieRFIT), based on hierarchical random forests. HieRFIT uses a priori information about cell type relationships to improve classification accuracy, taking as input a hierarchical tree structure representing the class relationships, along with the reference data. We use an ensemble approach combining multiple random forest models, organized in a hierarchical decision tree structure. We show that our hierarchical classification approach improves accuracy and reduces incorrect predictions especially for inter-dataset tasks which reflect real-life applications. We use a scoring scheme that adjusts probability distributions for candidate class labels and resolves uncertainties while avoiding the assignment of cells to incorrect types by labeling cells at internal nodes of the hierarchy when necessary.

Availability and implementation
HieRFIT is implemented as an R package, and it is available at (https://github.com/yasinkaymaz/HieRFIT/releases/tag/v1.0.0).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Optimization and biological validation of an in vitro assay using the transfected Dm28c/pLacZ Trypanosoma cruzi strain
Authors: Gulin Julián Ernesto Nicolás , Rocco Daniela Marisa , Alonso Victoria , Cribb Pamela , Altcheh Jaime , García-Bournissen Facundo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop safer and more effective drugs for Chagas disease, as the current treatment relies on benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NFX). Using the Trypanosoma cruzi Dm28c strain genetically engineered to express the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene, lacZ, we have adapted and validated an easy, quick and reliable in vitro assay suitable for high-throughput screening for candidate compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity. In vitro studies were conducted to determine trypomastigotes sensitivity to BZ and NFX from Dm28c/pLacZ strain by comparing the conventional labour-intensive microscopy counting method with the colourimetric assay. Drug concentrations producing the lysis of 50% of trypomastigotes (lytic concentration 50%) were 41.36 and 17.99 µM for BZ and NFX, respectively, when measured by microscopy and 44.74 and 38.94 µM, for the colourimetric method, respectively. The optimal conditions for the amastigote development inhibitory assay were established considering the parasite–host relationship (i.e. multiplicity of infection) and interaction time, the time for colourimetric readout and the incubation time with the β-galactosidase substrate. The drug concentrations resulting in 50% amastigote development inhibition obtained with the colourimetric assay were 2.31 µM for BZ and 0.97 µM for NFX, similar to the reported values for the Dm28c wild strain (2.80 and 1.5 µM, respectively). In summary, a colourimetric assay using the Dm28c/pLacZ strain of T. cruzi has been set up, obtaining biologically meaningful sensibility values with the reference compounds on both trypomastigotes and amastigotes forms. This development could be applied to high-throughput screening programmes aiming to identify compounds with anti-T. cruzi in vitro activity.
Impact of age on the outcomes of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting
Authors: Kim Young Su , Cho Yang Hyun , Yang Jeong Hoon , Yang Ji-Hyuk , Chung Suryeun , Suh Gee Young , Sung Kiick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESPatient selection is crucial to improving the outcomes of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). However, ECPR’s efficacy with older patients remains unknown.METHODSWe reviewed patients who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for refractory cardiac arrest from January 2006 to December 2018. Exclusion criteria were age &lt;18 years, cannulation failure and ECMO applied at another hospital. We divided patients into 2 groups with an age cut-off of 66 years, using the Contal and O’Quigley method for overall survival. We performed inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) between the 2 groups and set the primary outcome as overall survival.RESULTSWe included 318 patients in our study (≤66 years, n = 199; &gt;66 years, n = 119). Before IPTW, we observed that the older group had a higher frequency of diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. In the young group, more patients had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as compared with the older group. The hospital mortality rate was 55% (48.7% in the young group, 65.5% in the older group; P = 0.004). In the multivariable analysis after IPTW, the older group showed worse outcomes in overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50–2.70; P &lt; 0.001] and neurological outcomes at discharge (odds ratio = 2.95; 95% CI, 1.69–5.14; P = &lt;0.001). ECMO insertion during catheterization (HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.90; P = 0.015) and recovery of spontaneous circulation before pump-on (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50–0.89; P = 0.007) were positive predictors, but initial asystole rhythm, non-cardiac cause (HR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.59–3.61; P &lt; 0.001), out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (HR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.24–2.79; P = 0.003) and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation to pump-on time (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02; P &lt; 0.001) were negative predictors for overall survival.CONCLUSIONSOlder patients who had ECPR had significantly worse survival and neurological outcomes. For patients older than age 66 years, more careful patient selection is critically important for improving the efficacy of ECPR.
Teaching bacterial infections in pharmaceutical studies: why not ‘with students’ instead of ‘to students’?
Authors: Eveillard Matthieu , Baglin Isabelle , Legeay Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In pharmaceutical studies, a course of bacteriology based on case studies provided by the teacher was transformed in a course based on a combination of student/teacher co-creation of cases and peer reviewing. Our objectives were to describe the perception of students about the new format and to assess the impact of changing on the learning outcomes. For teaching evaluation, we used a questionnaire and focus groups. The assessment of learning outcome was performed by comparing the students’ scores in final tests with the previous and the revised course formats. The students embraced the creation of cases in small groups with the teacher. In addition, they reported a perception of weakened hierarchy between the teacher and themselves, an increase of their self-confidence and a better ability to transfer their learning to their professional activities in community pharmacies. Lastly, their opinion about the transferability of this format in other disciplines were divided.
Multiple functions of flagellar motility and chemotaxis in bacterial physiology
Authors: Colin Remy , Ni Bin , Laganenka Leanid , Sourjik Victor 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMost swimming bacteria are capable of following gradients of nutrients, signaling molecules and other environmental factors that affect bacterial physiology. This tactic behavior became one of the most-studied model systems for signal transduction and quantitative biology, and underlying molecular mechanisms are well characterized in Escherichia coli and several other model bacteria. In this review, we focus primarily on less understood aspect of bacterial chemotaxis, namely its physiological relevance for individual bacterial cells and for bacterial populations. As evident from multiple recent studies, even for the same bacterial species flagellar motility and chemotaxis might serve multiple roles, depending on the physiological and environmental conditions. Among these, finding sources of nutrients and more generally locating niches that are optimal for growth appear to be one of the major functions of bacterial chemotaxis, which could explain many chemoeffector preferences as well as flagellar gene regulation. Chemotaxis might also generally enhance efficiency of environmental colonization by motile bacteria, which involves intricate interplay between individual and collective behaviors and trade-offs between growth and motility. Finally, motility and chemotaxis play multiple roles in collective behaviors of bacteria including swarming, biofilm formation and autoaggregation, as well as in their interactions with animal and plant hosts.
Characteristics of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas undetectable with narrow-band imaging endoscopy
Authors: Ono Shingo , Dobashi Akira , Furuhashi Hiroto , Koizumi Akio , Matsui Hiroaki , Hara Yuko , Sumiyama Kazuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The detection rate of narrow-band imaging (NBI) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC), including high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, is significantly higher than that of white-light endoscopy. However, there are SESCCs that are undetectable by NBI but detectable by Lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) and the characteristics of these SESCCs are still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of SESCC that are undetectable using NBI.

Methods
Patients with current SCC or a history of SCC in the head and neck or in the esophagus were enrolled. The inspection of the esophagus was initiated by NBI, followed by LCE. Biopsies were taken of all suspected SESCC lesions during NBI observation and Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) that were irregularly shaped and &gt;5 mm and/or pink in color during LCE observation. The characteristics of SESCC that were undetectable with NBI were statistically analysed.

Results
Overall, 147 lesions in 105 cases were histologically diagnosed as SESCC. Twenty in 15 cases were NBI-undetectable lesions, all of which were macroscopic flat type (0-IIb). The median sizes of the NBI-undetectable lesions and NBI-detectable lesions were both 15 mm (P = 0.47). Multivariate analysis revealed independent factors for NBI-undetectable lesions such as numerous irregularly shaped LVLs (odds ratio [OR]: 4.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–17.5, P &lt; 0.05) and anterior wall position (OR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.58–15.8, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The detection of SESCCs with NBI is challenging when lesions are morphologically completely flat, in cases with numerous irregularly shaped LVLs, and if located at the anterior wall.
Endogenous galectin-3 is required for skeletal muscle repair
Authors: Cerri Daniel Giuliano , Rodrigues Lilian Cataldi , Alves Vani Maria , Machado Juliano , Bastos Víctor Alexandre Félix , Carmo Kettelhut Isis do , Alberici Luciane Carla , Costa Maria Cristina R , Stowell Sean R , Cummings Richard D , Dias-Baruffi Marcelo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle has the intrinsic ability to self-repair through a multifactorial process, but many aspects of its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that some members of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein family (galectins) are involved in the muscular repair process (MRP), including galectin-3 (Gal-3). However, there are many questions about the role of this protein on muscle self-repair. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous Gal-3 is required for: (i) muscle repair in vivo by using a chloride-barium myolesion mouse model and (ii) mouse primary myoblasts myogenic programming. Injured muscle from Gal-3 knockout mice (GAL3KO) showed persistent inflammation associated with compromised muscle repair and the formation of fibrotic tissue on the lesion site. In GAL3KO mice, osteopontin expression remained high even after 7 and 14 d of the myolesion, while Myoblast differentiation transcription factor (MyoD) and myogenin had decreased their expression. In GAL3KO mouse primary myoblast cell culture, Paired Box 7 (Pax7) detection seems to sustain even when cells are stimulated to differentiation and MyoD expression is drastically reduced. The detection and temporal expression levels of these transcriptional factors appear to be altered in Gal-3-deficient myoblast. Gal-3 expression in wild-type mice for GAL3KO states, both in vivo and in vitro, in sarcoplasm/cytoplasm and myonuclei; as differentiation proceeds, Gal-3 expression is drastically reduced, and its location is confined to the sarcolemma/plasma cell membrane. We also observed a change in the temporal–spatial profile of Gal-3 expression and muscle transcription factors levels during the myolesion. Overall, these results demonstrate that endogenous Gal-3 is required for the skeletal muscle repair process.