bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on fatigue life assessment methods for welded joints in orthotropic steel decks of long-span bridges
Authors: Villoria B , Siriwardane S C , Lemu H G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Orthotropic Steel Decks have been used in long-span bridges for several decades because of their high capacity to weight ratio. However, many fatigue related issues have been reported. This paper provides an overview of the main existing fatigue prediction models and discusses their relevance for the fatigue life assessment of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks (OSBDs). Several case studies have proven the importance of considering the combined effect of wind and traffic loadings to estimate the fatigue life of long-span bridges. The importance of incorporating welding residual stresses is also well documented while it is often disregarded in design practices. Reliability-based fatigue assessment methods make it possible to quantify how the sources of uncertainty related to loading conditions, welding residual stresses or fabrication defects can affect the fatigue reliability of OSBDs. Monte Carlo simulations are often used to perform probabilistic analyses, but machine-learning algorithms are very promising and computationally efficient. The shortcomings of the Palmgren-Miner rule are discussed and the need for alternative damage accumulation indexes is clear. A number of conclusions are drawn from the analysis of fatigue tests conducted on OSBDs.
Effect of SiO2 and SiO2/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles on cementitious materials
Authors: Nori J , Kakay S , Belayneh M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report the effect of SiO2 nanoparticle solution on the properties of the neat industry and environmental cements. Moreover, the hybrid SiO2/TiO2 nanoparticles solution impact on the Portland G-class cement. Both destructive and non-destructive tests were used to characterize the properties of the slurries and the cement plugs. Results indicate that the optimum concentration of the nanoparticles improved the elastic, energy absorption, rheological, heat development, and the mechanical load carrying capacity of the cements. The selected optimal nanoparticles concentrations results showed that
• the addition of 0.56 % SiO2 by weight of cement (bwoc) increased the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the neat industry cement by 16.7%.
• the 0.13% SiO2 bwoc increased the UCS of the neat environmental cement by 50.2%.
• the blending of 0.264 %SiO2/0.044% TiO2 bwoc increased the UCS of neat G-class cement by 8.5%. However, by changing the curing temperature and pressure, different results can be achieved.
Power supply and control systems for subsea production complexes in Arctic offshore fields
Authors: Kharchenko Yu A , Krotov K N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The subsea type of arrangement is no alternative for remote deep-sea oil and gas fields of the Arctic shelf. One of the main factors determining the level of reliability of year-round production of hydrocarbons using subsea production complexes is the availability of effective control and power supply systems. In this article the current state of subsea production complexes is studied, possible ways to develop power supply and control systems are analyzed in order to increase their efficiency and reliability when used in deep-water remote fields of the Arctic shelf.
Requirements for radar navigation aids for operational safety of autonomous navigation of facilities of the Arctic oil and gas complex
Authors: Golov N A , Ermakov A I , Presnyakov S V , Usachev V A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An analysis of the requirements for radar systems for autonomous sea vessels operating in the Arctic regions shows that to ensure the safety of transport and oil and gas facilities, it is necessary to evolution to radar systems with characteristics that significantly exceed the existing classification requirements. The application of ultra-wideband and ultra-short-pulse radars, including those based on the principles of microwave photonics, which will provide a radio-imaging mode and decimetre levels of accuracy when measuring coordinates, as well as observation of small objects, ice conditions and detection of oil spills, is proposed. The use of such radar facilities to ensure high-precision navigation will make it possible to start solving the problem of creating autonomous vessels, provided that the safety of logistics operations in the oil and gas complex is ensured.
An evaluation of key challenges of CO2 transportation with a novel Subsea Shuttle Tanker
Authors: Ma Y , Xing Y , Hemmingsen T H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently, a novel Subsea Shuttle Tanker (SST) concept has been proposed to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from ports to offshore oil and gas fields for either permanent storage or enhanced oil recovery (EOR). SST is a large autonomous underwater vehicle that travels at a constant water depth away from waves. SST has some key advantages over subsea pipelines and tanker ships when employed at marginal fields. It enables carbon storage in marginal fields which do not have sufficient volumes to justify pipelines. Further, in contrast to ships, SST does not require the use of a permanently installed riser base. This paper will evaluate the key challenges of using such vessel for CO2 transportation. It discusses the most important properties such as thermodynamic properties, purity, and hydrate formation of CO2 at different vessel-transportation states in relation to cargo sizing, material selection, and energy consumption.
Research on the residual tensile strength of composite reinforcing bars exposed to elevated temperatures
Authors: Rozsypalova I , Prokes J , Cairović Đ , Girgle F , Danek P , Stepanek P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Paper describes a testing procedure for the determination of tensile strength of the composite reinforcing bars subjected to elevated temperatures. Experimentally obtained results on GFRP bars with different diameter are presented and discussed. Moreover, a brief comparison with an analytical approach was included. Almost identical temperature reduction rate of tensile strength was observed for all tested specimens, regardless diameter of the bar. Therefore, it can be expected, that different bar diameter should not significantly affect the results especially if steady state conditions were assumed.
Deep learning based MRI contrast synthesis using full volume prediction using full volume prediction
Authors: Manjón José V , Romero José E , Coupe Pierrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), depending on the image acquisition settings, a large number of image types or contrasts can be generated showing complementary information of the same imaged subject. This multi-spectral information is highly beneficial since can improve MRI analysis tasks such as segmentation and registration, thanks to pattern ambiguity reduction. However, the acquisition of several contrasts is not always possible due to time limitations and patient comfort constraints. Contrast synthesis has emerged recently as an approximate solution to generate other image types different from those acquired originally. Most of the previously proposed methods for contrast synthesis are slice-based which result in intensity inconsistencies between neighbor slices when applied in 3D. We propose the use of a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of generating T2 and FLAIR images from a single anatomical T1 source volume. The proposed network is a 3D variant of the UNet that processes the whole volume at once breaking with the inconsistency in the resulting output volumes related to 2D slice or patch-based methods. Since working with a full volume at once has a huge memory demand we have introduced a spatial-to-depth and a reconstruction layer that allows working with the full volume but maintain the required network complexity to solve the problem. Our approach enhances the coherence in the synthesized volume while improving the accuracy thanks to the integrated three-dimensional context-awareness. Finally, the proposed method has been validated with a segmentation method, thus demonstrating its usefulness in a direct and relevant application.
Experimental demonstration of efficient high-dimensional quantum gates with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Wang Yunlong , Ru Shihao , Wang Feiran , Zhang Pei , Li Fuli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Quantum gates are essential for the realization of quantum computer and have been implemented in various types of two-level systems. However, high-dimensional quantum gates are rarely investigated both theoretically and experimentally even that high-dimensional quantum systems exhibit remarkable advantages over two-level systems for some quantum information and quantum computing tasks. Here we experimentally demonstrate the four-dimensional X gate and its unique higher orders with the average conversion efficiency 93%. All these gates are based on orbital-angular-momentum degree of freedom (DoF) of single photons. Besides, a set of controlled quantum gates is implemented by use of polarization DoF. Our work is an important step toward the goal of achieving arbitrary high-dimensional quantum circuit and paves a way for the implementation of high-dimensional quantum communication and computation.
Sequential phonon measurements of atomic motion
Authors: Ritboon Atirach , Slodička Lukáš , Filip Radim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The motion of trapped atoms plays an essential role in quantum mechanical sensing, simulations and computing. Small disturbances of atomic vibrations are still challenging to be sensitively detected. It requires a reliable coupling between individual phonons and internal electronic levels that light can readout. As available information in a few electronic levels about the phonons is limited, the coupling needs to be sequentially repeated to further harvest the remaining information. We analyze such phonon measurements on the simplest example of the force and heating sensing using motional Fock states. We prove that two sequential measurements are sufficient to reach sensitivity to force and heating for realistic Fock states and saturate the quantum Fisher information for a small amount of force or heating. It is achieved by the conventionally available Jaynes–Cummings coupling. The achieved sensitivities are found to be better than those obtained from classical states. Further enhancements are expectable when the higher Fock state generation is improved. The result opens additional applications of sequential phonon measurements of atomic motion. This measurement scheme can also be directly applied to other bosonic systems including cavity QED and circuit QED.
Intercalation in two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: interlayer engineering and applications
Authors: Ghosh Dibyendu , Devi Pooja , Kumar Praveen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intercalation is basically the process of putting one or multiple guest elements into the van der Waals gaps of a parent crystal in a reversible way. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown great promise with intercalant species ranging from organic molecules to ions. Apart from graphene, the most studied 2D materials are the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Intercalation in TMDs has led to new strategies beyond graphene for 2D structures in materials science, materials engineering, chemistry and physics. This review deals with the possible mechanism of intercalation as well as the window that intercalation can open for compact and ultrathin device technology. Modulation of the physicochemical properties of intercalated TMDs has been thoroughly reviewed. Finally, device performance, especially for energy storage and energy harvesting devices, has been evaluated and specific issues that need attention for future development are highlighted.
Humidification–dehumidification desalination process using green hydrogen and heat recovery
Authors: Brunini A , García M C , Melgarejo A A , Rodríguez R G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose the use of green hydrogen as fuel for a seawater heater in a humidification/dehumidification (HDH) desalination plant to increase its productivity, to allow scaling to large dimensions without negative environmental effects, and to guarantee continuous operation. We develop a mathematical model of the proposed HDH configuration. For operating conditions that guarantee very low NO
x
production, the fuel consumption is

∼
0.03

k
g

of H2 per kg of pure water produced. If the exhaust gases from the seawater heater are used for heat recovery, the GOR of the equipment may increase by up to 39% in relation to the same equipment operating without heat recovery. The operation cost of freshwater is comparable to the costs obtained by other equipment in the literature. If the water produced in the combustion of hydrogen is condensed during the heat recovery process and then added to the freshwater produced, the production cost is reduced by 20%. We found that an excess of air in the air + fuel mix beyond the minimum value appropriate for a low NO
x
generation does not provide significant benefits. The efficiency of the seawater heater has an impact on the production of pure water, but this impact is strongly mitigated by the heat recovery process. Fuel consumption increases proportionally with the decrease in the effectiveness of the heat recovery device, which is a key parameter for optimal performance. A hydrogen heater is also a good alternative as an auxiliary power source to guarantee continuous operation. In sunny hours a H2 heater may be used to increase productivity preheating the seawater, and at night the system could operate 100% based on H2.
Latent Semantic Structure of the WMS-III Verbal Paired-Associates
Authors: Furey Rachel T , Petrauskas Vilija , Bowden Stephen C , Simpson Leonie C , Meade Catherine E , Davis Brooke M , D’Souza Wendyl J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the factor structure of the verbal paired-associates (VPA) subtest in the WMS-III using a theoretically driven model of semantic processing previously found to be well-fitting for the WMS-IV version of the test.

Method
Archival data were used from 267 heterogeneous neurosciences patients and 223 seizure disorder patients who completed the WMS-III as part of a standard neuropsychological evaluation. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test theoretically driven models for VPA based on principles of semantic processing. Four nested models of different complexities were examined and compared for goodness-of-fit using chi-squared difference testing. Measurement invariance testing was conducted across heterogeneous neuroscience and seizure disorder samples to test generality of the factor model.

Results
After removing items with limited variability (very easy or very hard; 12 of 40 items), a four-factor model was found to be best-fitting in the present patient samples. The four factors were “recreational”, “functional”, “material”, and “symbolic”, each representing semantic knowledge associated with the function of the target word referent. This model subsequently met the criteria for the strict measurement invariance, showing good overall fit when factor loadings, thresholds, and residuals were held to equality across samples.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide further evidence that “arbitrary” associations between word pairs in VPA items have an underlying semantic structure, challenging the idea that unrelated hard-pairs are semantic-free. These results suggest that a semantic-structure model may be implemented as an alternative scoring in future editions of the WMS to facilitate interpretation.
Performance of a Histidine Rich Protein-2 Based (First Response) and a p-Lactate Dehydrogenase-based (Optimal) Rapid Diagnostic Test for Diagnosis of Malaria in Patients With Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Adjei George O , Sulley Abdul M , Goka Bamenla Q , Enweronu-Laryea Christabel , Renner Lorna , Alifrangis Michael , Kurtzhals Jorgen A L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been extensively evaluated and play an important role in malaria diagnosis. However, the accuracy of RDTs for malaria diagnosis in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is unknown.

Methods
We compared the performance of a histidine rich protein 2 (HRP-2)-based RDT (First Response) and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-based RDT (Optimal) with routine microscopy as reference standard in 445 children with SCD and an acute febrile illness in Accra, Ghana.

Results
The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the HRP-2-based RDTs were 100%, 95.7%, 73.8%, and 100%, respectively. Comparable values for the LDH-based RDTs were 91.7%, 99.5%, 95.7%, and 99.0%, respectively. A total of 423 results were true in both tests, 1 result was false in both tests, 16 results were false in the HRP-2 test only, and 5 were false in the LDH test only (McNemar test, P = .03). At follow-up, 73.7% (28/38), 52.6% (20/38), 48.6% (17/35), and 13.2% (5/38) of study participants were HRP-2 positive on days 14, 28, 35, and 42, respectively, compared with 0%, 2.6% (1/38), 2.9% (1/35), and 2.6% (1/38) for LDH.

Conclusion
The HRP2-based RDT fulfilled World Health Organization criteria for malaria diagnosis in patients with SCD and may provide diagnostic evidence for treatment to begin in cases in which treatment would otherwise have begun presumptively based on symptoms, whereas LDH-based RDTs may be more suitable as a confirmatory test in low-parasitemic subgroups, such as patients with SCD.
An online book club for ESOL learners
Authors: Norman Felix 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the spring of 2021, I started an online book for ESOL learners studying in an adult education college in London. Over the course of four weeks, 12 intermediate to upper intermediate learners read the story ‘Suffragette’, adapted from the film of the same name, meeting weekly online to discuss the story and its themes. The result was a greatly beneficial experience for the learners. They were able to engage with an extensive text on a much deeper level than is generally possible during normal classroom hours, leading to a variety of positive outcomes: the building of new vocabulary, the development of speaking and reading skills, the opportunity to create an online community during a time of social isolation, and a chance to explore some of the significant themes the story contains, in an accessible way.
The Tetragnatha kauaiensis Genome Sheds Light on the Origins of Genomic Novelty in Spiders
Authors: Cerca José , Armstrong Ellie E , Vizueta Joel , Fernández Rosa , Dimitrov Dimitar , Petersen Bent , Prost Stefan , Rozas Julio , Petrov Dmitri , Gillespie Rosemary G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Spiders (Araneae) have a diverse spectrum of morphologies, behaviors, and physiologies. Attempts to understand the genomic-basis of this diversity are often hindered by their large, heterozygous, and AT-rich genomes with high repeat content resulting in highly fragmented, poor-quality assemblies. As a result, the key attributes of spider genomes, including gene family evolution, repeat content, and gene function, remain poorly understood. Here, we used Illumina and Dovetail Chicago technologies to sequence the genome of the long-jawed spider Tetragnatha kauaiensis, producing an assembly distributed along 3,925 scaffolds with an N50 of ∼2 Mb. Using comparative genomics tools, we explore genome evolution across available spider assemblies. Our findings suggest that the previously reported and vast genome size variation in spiders is linked to the different representation and number of transposable elements. Using statistical tools to uncover gene-family level evolution, we find expansions associated with the sensory perception of taste, immunity, and metabolism. In addition, we report strikingly different histories of chemosensory, venom, and silk gene families, with the first two evolving much earlier, affected by the ancestral whole genome duplication in Arachnopulmonata (∼450 Ma) and exhibiting higher numbers. Together, our findings reveal that spider genomes are highly variable and that genomic novelty may have been driven by the burst of an ancient whole genome duplication, followed by gene family and transposable element expansion.
Within-site variability in earthquake site response
Authors: Zhu Chuanbin , Cotton Fabrice , Kwak Dong-Youp , Ji Kun , Kawase Hiroshi , Pilz Marco 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARY
The within-site variability in site response is the randomness in site response at a given site from different earthquakes and is treated as aleatory variability in current seismic hazard/risk analyses. In this study, we investigate the single-station variability in linear site response at K-NET and KiK-net stations in Japan using a large number of earthquake recordings. We found that the standard deviation of the horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio at individual sites, that is single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) sigma σHV,s, approximates the within-site variability in site response quantified using surface-to-borehole spectral ratios (for oscillator frequencies higher than the site fundamental frequency) or empirical ground-motion models. Based on this finding, we then utilize the single-station HVSR sigma as a convenient tool to study the site-response variability at 697 KiK-net and 1169 K-NET sites. Our results show that at certain frequencies, stiff, rough and shallow sites, as well as small and local events tend to have a higher σHV,s. However, when being averaged over different sites, the single-station HVSR sigma, that is σHV, increases gradually with decreasing frequency. In the frequency range of 0.25–25 Hz, σHV is centred at 0.23–0.43 in ln scales (a linear scale factor of 1.26–1.54) with one standard deviation of less than 0.1. σHV is quite stable across different tectonic regions, and we present a constant, as well as earthquake magnitude- and distance-dependent σHV models.
Does surgical margin affect recurrence and survival after sublobar pulmonary resection for lung cancer?
Authors: Liu Weijing , Lai Hongjin , Wang Zihuai , Liu Lunxu 
Published: November 2021

Summary
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: How does surgical margin distance affect recurrence and survival after sublobar pulmonary resection for lung cancer? Altogether, 172 papers were found using the search strategy, of which 12 studies with 1946 stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients using sublobar resection (wedge resection or segmentectomy) represented to be the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers were tabulated. Overall, 11 cohort studies and 1 prospective study were included. Four cohort studies demonstrated positive prognostic significance of surgical margin with specific cut-off points in each paper (ranged from 9 to 15 mm). Two retrospective studies and 1 prospective study found that a margin-to-tumour ratio of ≥1 was associated with better cytology and prognosis results. Other 5 studies showed that larger margin distance provided a favourable prognosis for NSCLC patients with poor-prognostic factors, including solid-dominant type, high invasive component size and Spread through Air Spaces-positive subtype. After reviewing all the included articles, we conclude that the standard of margin distance of &gt;10 mm or margin-to-tumour ratio  ≥ 1 should be recommended for stage I NSCLC patients undergoing sublobar resection, especially in wedge resection. Patients with poor-prognostic factors like solid-predominant tumour or non-lepidic adenocarcinoma may benefit from larger margin distance and the proper margin distance for them still needs to be determined. For Spread through Air Spaces-positive patients, sublobar resection may not be the alternative to lobectomy.