bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial predictors and species’ traits: evaluating what really matters for medium‐sized and large mammals in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Rios Elaine , Benchimol Maíra , De Vleeschouwer Kristel , Cazetta Eliana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Habitat loss and the conversion of natural environments to anthropogenic land uses are among the main drivers of biodiversity decline worldwide. The remaining habitats are inserted in highly modified landscapes, presenting contrasting patch and landscape features. Understanding species’ responses to these anthropogenic land‐use changes is essential for informing conservation planning.

We evaluate which spatial predictors (measured at the patch and landscape scales) and species’ life‐history traits best predict the occurrence of medium‐sized and large mammals in forest fragments of the threatened Atlantic Forest of South America.

We gathered occurrence data for 36 medium‐sized and large mammal species recorded by camera traps, distributed over 220 forest fragments spanning the entire Atlantic Forest biome. Species were classified according to their characteristics as follows: ‘hunted forest‐dependent’, ‘non‐hunted forest‐dependent’, and ‘generalist’ species. Further, each species’ occurrence was related to spatial predictors and life‐history trait variables.

We revealed a severe defaunation of forest mammals occurring in most forest fragments in the Atlantic Forest. Landscapes containing large forest patches, low road density, and high human population density harboured high numbers of mammal species, including those exhibiting greater body mass. Nevertheless, mammal groups diverge in their sensitivity to landscape changes. Hunted forest‐dependent species mainly occurred in landscapes with lower edge density and numbers of patches and with less anthropogenic disturbance, while non‐hunted forest‐dependent species mainly occupied large forest fragments. Finally, generalist species also occurred in landscapes with low edge density and number of patches, but were more prevalent in landscapes with higher human population density.

We stress the importance of maintaining large forest fragments, considering the effects of landscape configuration on conservation strategies, and reducing anthropogenic disturbances to ensure a greater persistence of mammal species in the Atlantic Forest.
Measuring aggregate morphologies based on three‐dimensional curvature analysis
Authors: Wang Feng , Xiao Yue , Cui Peide , Mo Liantong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigital image processing has become the mainstream method for measuring aggregate morphologies. However, the results of the image method are seriously affected by the laying style of aggregates. This study proposes a morphological analysis method based on three‐dimensional curvature analysis. The results show that the values of maximum curvature and standard deviation of Gaussian curvature on the aggregate surface can be used to represent the angularity and texture, respectively. The relative ranking of methods according to the accuracy places the curvature method as the largest and the image method as the least, with the profile method falling in between. The proposed method could provide a new possibility to accurately quantify the aggregate morphologies and contribute to the design of the mixture. Better quality of asphalt pavement could be obtained by taking into account the comprehensive morphologies reported in this study.
THE INDONESIAN ALCOVE AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: Art, Culture Areas, and the Mead‐Bateson Bali Project
Authors: Mohan Urmila 
Published: November 2021

abstract
Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson were iconic figures whose contributions to visual anthropology are well documented, but what is less well known is their role as collectors and curators of Indonesian objects. The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) houses a large Balinese collection with numerous textiles, paintings, carvings, and puppets. Some of these objects were housed in permanent exhibits, such as the AMNH’s Hall of Pacific People (HOPP), curated by Mead, or displayed temporarily in the Museum of Modern Art’s traveling exhibit, curated by Bateson. Against this backdrop, this article adds to the critical discussion of curating, anthropological history, and categorization schemes in Western museums by exploring how Bali and Java came to be so prominent in the AMNH’s Indonesian alcove. Stimulated by visitor responses to exhibits, museum archives, ethnographic notes, and actual physical displays, it traces how Mead and Bateson’s study (1936–1938) of “culture areas” and traits such as “art” in Bali influenced the representation of Indonesia. The alcove’s emphasis on art and aesthetics as forms of cultural equanimity and consistency can be related to prevailing hierarchies of religion and technological development as well as how ahistoricism became an anthropological device of freezing, categorizing, and representing. [Bali, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, art, ahistoricism]
Beyond audit: Embracing QI methodology to drive improvements in lung‐protective ventilation
Authors: Watkin Daniel , Welhengama Chamene , Watmore James , Normanton Robert , Watson Joseph , Wallis Alex , Irvine Michael , Main Norman , Crews Maryam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation supports patients with respiratory failure during critical illness. Evidence suggests that excessive tidal volumes (regarded as >8 mL/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) cause lung damage through increased lung stretch and alveolar inflammation. Lung‐protective ventilation strategies have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality, and that all patients should receive tidal volumes between 6 and 8 mls/kg PBW. Despite this, studies demonstrate that fewer than half of patients in critical care successfully receive lung‐protective ventilation.AimThe primary aim was to reduce tidal volumes delivered to all patients receiving mandatory ventilation, with a target of >85% of tidal volumes delivered to be compliant with lung‐protective ventilation strategies by the end of November 2019.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of nurses and doctors, based in a UK tertiary hospital, utilized the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) quality improvement methodology to improve compliance with lung‐protective ventilation.ResultsBaseline data demonstrated that only 60.1% of tidal volumes recorded were compliant with lung‐protective ventilation. Quality improvement (QI) methodology was utilized to systematically diagnose the aetiology of poor compliance and to produce and implement solutions. Real‐time data collection and reporting were utilized to monitor and report improvement. Following 8 months of continuous data collection and repeated PDSA cycles, sustainable compliance with lung‐protective ventilation for >85% of tidal volumes was achieved.ConclusionsThe use of QI methodology to implement low tidal volume ventilation has shown a significant improvement in the delivery of lung‐protective ventilation. Using QI methodology is central to this sustained improvement and offers a useful tool to systematically approach complex clinical problems.Relevance to Clinical PracticeLung protective ventilation is critically important in the management of ventilated patients, although compliance in intensive care is variable. Here, we describe how quality improvement methodology can lead to consistent and sustainable improvement in the delivery of lung protective ventilation.
Rice SEPALLATA genes OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 cooperate to limit inflorescence branching by repressing the TERMINAL FLOWER1‐like gene RCN4
Authors: Zhu Wanwan , Yang Liu , Wu Di , Meng Qingcai , Deng Xiao , Huang Guoqiang , Zhang Jiao , Chen Xiaofei , Ferrándiz Cristina , Liang Wanqi , Dreni Ludovico , Zhang Dabing 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The spatiotemporal control of meristem identity is critical for determining inflorescence architecture, and thus yield, of cereal plants. However, the precise mechanisms underlying inflorescence and spikelet meristem determinacy in cereals are still largely unclear.

We have generated loss‐of‐function and overexpression mutants of the paralogous OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 genes in rice (Oryza sativa), and analysed their panicle phenotypes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility‐shift and dual‐luciferase assays, we have also identified RICE CENTRORADIALIS 4 (RCN4), a TFL1‐like gene, as a direct downstream target of both OsMADS proteins, and have analysed RCN4 mutants.

The osmads5 osmads34 mutant lines had significantly enhanced panicle branching with increased secondary, and even tertiary and quaternary, branches, compared to wild‐type (WT) and osmads34 plants. The osmads34 mutant phenotype could largely be rescued by also knocking out RCN4. Moreover, transgenic panicles overexpressing RCN4 had significantly increased branching, and initiated development of c. 7× more spikelets than WT.

Our results reveal a role for OsMADS5 in panicle development, and show that OsMADS5 and OsMADS34 play similar functions in limiting branching and promoting the transition to spikelet meristem identity, in part by repressing RCN4 expression. These findings provide new insights to better understand the molecular regulation of rice inflorescence architecture.
Poverty and vulnerability transitions in Myanmar: An analysis using synthetic panels
Authors: Ferreira Ines A. , Salvucci Vincenzo , Tarp Finn 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile Myanmar achieved distinct progress in economic growth and poverty reduction over the past decade, extreme natural events; economic, political, and social crises; and the ongoing COVID‐19 shock pose serious challenges. This study complements previous analyses of poverty and vulnerability by providing a dynamic perspective for the period 2015–2017. Given the lack of longitudinal household data, the analysis relies on the synthetic panels approach to further our understanding of transitions between different states—poverty, vulnerability, non‐poverty—and the characteristics of the households associated with these transitions. Among the main results, we find that there was a relatively high probability for people, who were poor in 2015 to exit poverty in 2017, and that the probability of remaining in a vulnerable situation was non‐negligible. Moreover, the results point to important differences in the probability of transitioning between different states depending on household and location characteristics. While the COVID‐19 shock has likely increased the proportion of households in the vulnerable and poor groups, these results highlight the need to focus on households with specific characteristics that make them more at risk of remaining or falling into poverty than the rest of the population in a context of diminishing poverty rates and localized vulnerability pockets.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as gingival swelling and tooth mobility
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad A. , Bouchard Philippe , Hamdan Ahmad I. , Hassona Yazan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic‐lymphocytic‐leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent leukemia in developed countries, caused by monoclonal proliferation of CD5+ B‐cells and accumulation of mature‐appearing‐neoplastic lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs. Oral manifestations of CLL are infrequent and rarely reported in literature. We report a new case of a 67‐year old man who presented with the complaints of tooth mobility and gingival swelling. Extra‐oral examination was remarkable for cutaneous pallor and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy involving the submandibular, and deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides of the neck. Complete blood count revealed normal red blood cell count (4.25 × 106/μl), normal platelet count (136 × 103/μl) and increased white blood cell count (25.3 × 103/μl). Differential white blood cell count showed marked lymphocytosis (88%), and blood film revealed the presence of leukocytosis, with small mature‐looking lymphocytes, and mild thrombocytopenia. A flow cytometry immune‐phenotyping revealed that 55% of peripheral blood cells were monoclonal B‐lymphocytes expressing CD19, CD20, CD23, CD200, CD22, CD5, CD38, CD11c, sIgD and Kappa light chain confirming the diagnosis of CLL. Oral healthcare professionals should consider systemic causes, such as CLL, in the differential diagnosis of generalized tooth mobility and gingival swelling, particularly in patients with associated symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and general fatigue.
“We Don't Fear HIV. We Just Fear Walking around Pregnant.”: A Qualitative Analysis of Adolescent Sexuality and Pregnancy Stigma in Informal Settlements in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Miller Lara E. , Zamudio‐Haas Sophia , Otieno Beatrice , Amboka Sayo , Odeny Damaris , Agot Irene , Kadede Kevin , Odhiambo Hannington , Auerswald Colette , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Truong Hong‐Ha M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Kenya, adolescent pregnancy rates are high, contraception utilization is low, and adolescent sexuality is stigmatized. We describe how perceptions of sexuality and pregnancy stigma influence decision‐making among adolescents in the informal settlements of Kisumu. We used purposive sampling to recruit 120 adolescent boys and girls aged 15–19 for focus group discussions. A semistructured interview guide was used to elicit social norms and community attitudes about sexual and reproductive health. We analyzed the data using the Framework Approach. The social stigma of adolescent sexuality and the related fear of pregnancy as an unambiguous marker of sexual activity emerged as main themes. This stigma led adolescents to fear social retribution but did not lead to more frequent contraception use due to additional stigma. The intensity of this fear was most acutely expressed by girls, leading some to seek unsafe, sometimes fatal, abortions, and to contemplate suicide. Fear of pregnancy outweighed fear of contracting HIV that was viewed as both treatable and less stigmatized. Our findings illustrate how fear of pregnancy among these adolescents is driven primarily by fears that their community will discover that they are sexually active. Interventions are urgently needed to address adolescent sexual stigma and to prevent negative outcomes.
The Narrative‐Crisis Model of suicide and its prediction of near‐term suicide risk
Authors: Cohen Lisa Janet , Mokhtar Radwa , Richards Jenelle , Hernandez Michelle , Bloch‐Elkouby Sarah , Galynker Igor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite decades of research, much remains unknown about the transition from chronic to imminent suicidal risk. In the context of COVID‐19, this question is even more urgent. The present study tests a novel, stepwise model of this transition, termed the Narrative‐Crisis Model. This model proposes that, in people with chronic risk factors, stressful life events can trigger a specific progression of cognitive‐affective responses (the suicidal narrative and the suicide crisis syndrome), resulting in increased near‐term risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior (STB). Identification of each step in this progression provides opportunities for more precise interventions. Concurrent validity was tested with 732 psychiatric patients and predictive validity with 524 participants, assessed one to two months later. Chronic risk factors were measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Relationship Styles Questionnaire, and UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale; acute risk factors with the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire, Suicide Narrative Inventory, and Suicide Crisis Inventory. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was administered at the initial research assessment and follow‐up. Indirect effects were significant for the full model and most pathways, in both concurrent and prospective analyses. In sum, this study provides empirical support for a novel, stepwise model of the progression from chronic to near‐term suicidal risk.
The effects of plateau subduction on plate bending, stress and intraplate seismicity
Authors: Zhang Jiangyang , Zhang Fan , Yang Hongfeng , Lin Jian , Sun Zhen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe influence of subducting plateaux on inter‐plate earthquakes has been extensively studied. However, its effects on plate bending, stress distribution and intraplate earthquakes remain unclear. Here we model the deflection of a subducting oceanic plate with an oceanic plateau regarded as a high flexure rigidity body near the trench using a thin plate model. Dozens of models were carried out to study the effects of the distance between plateau and trench on flexural bending and stress with variable flexural rigidity. We find that the influence of plateau depends on its location with respect to the trench axis and it begins to affect the plate bending when its distance from the trench axis is ~70–120 km. It changes the bending stress distribution and causes concentrated deformation to the trench‐ward of the plateau. After the plateau starts to subduct, pre‐existing bending faults may be reactivated by the differential forces caused by the lateral variation in slab buoyancy between the shallower seamounts/plateaus and the deeper slab.
Stability of ex vivo coagulation factor activity in never‐frozen and thawed refrigerated canine plasma stored for 42 days
Authors: Chee Weiqin , Sharp Claire R. , Boyd Corrin J. , Claus Melissa A. , Smart Lisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to document coagulation factor activity in canine “NEVER‐FROZEN” and “THAWED” refrigerated plasma for the purposes of defining recommended expiration dates. We hypothesized that NEVER‐FROZEN and THAWED refrigerated plasma would maintain >50% activity of coagulation factors V (FV), VII (FVII), VIII (FVIII), IX (FIX), X (FX), and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF) and a concentration of fibrinogen above the lower bound of the reference interval (>0.982 g/L) for greater than 14 days but less than 42 days.DesignProspective laboratory‐based study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital blood bank.AnimalsTen canine plasma units derived from healthy client‐owned blood donors.InterventionsSerial sampling (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 32, 35, 39, 42) from NEVER‐FROZEN and THAWED refrigerated canine plasma units was conducted for measurement of activities of FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, vWF, and fibrinogen concentrations using the ACL TOP 300. Plasma was defined as “suitable for transfusion” at a given time point if the entire 95% confidence interval for each factor was above 50% activity and above a fibrinogen concentration of 0.982 g/L.Measurements and main resultsThe lower bounds of the FVIII and vWF confidence intervals were above 50% up to and including day 32 for NEVER‐FROZEN refrigerated plasma and day 28 for THAWED refrigerated plasma. Confidence intervals for FV, FVII, FIX, and FX remained above 50% activity at all time points. The lower bound of the fibrinogen concentration was <0.982 g/L on day 39 for NEVER‐FROZEN refrigerated plasma and on day 35 for THAWED refrigerated plasma.ConclusionsRefrigerated canine plasma from these 10 dogs retained coagulation factor activity above the limit that we defined as suitable for transfusion for up to 32 days when NEVER‐FROZEN and 28 days when THAWED. Further studies should evaluate the clinical outcomes and effects on coagulation factor activity of dogs receiving refrigerated plasma transfusions.
Nontraumatic hemoabdomen and pancytopenia secondary to myelolipoma in a cat
Authors: Haak Carol E. , Zumbo Brittany , Allen Julie , Kunz Brittany 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective(1) To report an unusual etiology for nontraumatic hemoabdomen in cats, and (2) to describe onset and recovery from severe, unexpected pancytopenia seen after surgical removal of a large intra‐abdominal myelolipoma.Case SummaryA 14‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for emergent treatment of suspected nontraumatic hemoabdomen. A hyperechoic mass, with ultrasonographic echogenicity similar to fat, was found in the right cranial abdomen and believed to be associated with the mesentery. Cytological examination of abdominal fluid identified marked extramedullary hematopoiesis within the hemorrhagic effusion. Exploratory laparotomy identified a hepatic mass, which was resected, and revealed to be a hepatic myelolipoma on histopathological examination. The patient's initial recovery was uneventful. However, continued hyporexia resulted in readmission 4 days postoperatively, at which time the patient was found to have a profound, tri‐lineage pancytopenia, and cytological evidence indicative of bone marrow recovery. The pancytopenia resolved with continued medical management and supportive care.New or Unique Information ProvidedRuptured myelolipoma is not a commonly considered differential for nontraumatic hemoabdomen in cats. Furthermore, severe pancytopenia is unexpected following surgical resection of a myelolipoma. This case provides a unique clinical presentation of both nontraumatic hemoabdomen and bone marrow recovery.
Comparative Assessment of Engine Vibration, Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics Between Single and Twin-Cylinder Diesel Engines in Unifuel and Dual-Fuel Mode
Authors: Chandekar Akash Chandrabhan , Deka Sushmita , Debnath Biplab Kumar , Babu Pallekonda Ramesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The persistent efforts among the researchers are being done to reduce emissions by the exploration of different alternative fuels. The application of alternative fuel is also found to influence engine vibration. The present study explores the potential connection between the change of the engine operating parameters and the engine vibration pattern. The objective is to analyze the effect of alternative fuel on engine vibration and performance. The experiments are performed on two different engines of single cylinder (SC) and twin-cylinder (TC) variants at the load range of 0–34 Nm, with steps of 6.8 Nm and at the constant speed of 1500 rpm. The single cylinder engine, fueled with only diesel mode, is tested at two compression ratios (CRs) of 16.5 and 17.5. However, the twin-cylinder engine with a constant compression ratio of 16.5 is tested at both diesel unifuel and diesel-compressed natural gas (CNG) dual-fuel modes. Further, in dual-fuel mode, tests are conducted with compressed natural gas substitutions of 40%, 60%, and 80% for given loads and speed. The engine vibration signatures are measured in terms of root mean square (RMS) acceleration, representing the amplitude of vibration. The combustion parameters considered are cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, heat release rate (HRR), and ignition delay. At higher loads, the vibration amplitude increases along with the cylinder pressure. The maximum peak cylinder pressure (PCP) of 95 bar is found in the case of the single cylinder engine at the highest load condition that also produced a peak vibration of 3219 m/s2.