bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SfM‐3DULC: Reliability of a new 3D wound measurement procedure and its accuracy in projected area
Authors: Sánchez‐Jiménez David , Buchón‐Moragues Fernando F. , Escutia‐Muñoz Begoña , Botella‐Estrada Rafael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) wound measurement lacks a gold standard to test accuracy. It is useful to develop procedures to scan wounds and reconstruct their 3D model with low‐cost techniques. We present a new procedure (Structure from Motion [SfM]‐3DULC) that uses photographs for measuring nine wound variables. We also propose a new variant of ImageJ in which an orthophoto is used to measure the projected area (Ortho‐ImageJ). In addition, we compare the wound measurements made by dermatologists and non‐experts. A group of five experts in dermatology and five non‐specialists measured 33 leg wounds five times per procedure. Intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability scores of SfM‐3DULC were evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1). The accuracy of the two new procedures (SfM‐3DULC and Ortho‐ImageJ) in the measurement of projected area was assessed by comparing their values with those obtained using ImageJ, with the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test (α = 0.05). This test was also used to analyse the differences between the measurements made by dermatologists and non‐experts. All the variables measured by dermatologists using SfM‐3DULC showed excellent scores of intra‐rater reliability (ICC > 0.99) and inter‐rater reliability (ICC > 0.98). No significant differences between the three procedures were found when comparing their projected area values. Significant differences between the measurements of dermatologists and non‐experts were found in most of the variables: circularity coefficient, perimeter, projected area, surface area, and reference surface area. The wound measurement procedure SfM‐3DULC has an excellent reliability, is accurate for the measurement of projected area, and can be used by dermatologists for wound monitoring in everyday clinical practice.
Contribution of students to nursing practice settings during clinical training: Design and validation of a questionnaire
Authors: Fernández‐Feito Ana , García‐Cueto Eduardo , Díaz‐Alonso Julián , Valcárcel‐Álvarez Yolanda , Parás‐Bravo Paula , Andina‐Díaz Elena , Lana Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA validated questionnaire to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical settings could potentially assist in the improved management of students in healthcare institutions.AimTo develop and test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire ‘Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings’ (CEEEC, Spanish acronym for ‘Contribuciones de los Estudiantes de Enfermería a los Entornos Clínicos’).DesignInstrument design and psychometric testing.Participants/settingsA multicentre study involving 1,098 nursing professionals from three universities and five hospitals of Spain, between January 2019 and March 2020.MethodsThe study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved the questionnaire design by experts (n = 28), which required a review of the available literature, cognitive interviews and Delphi rounds, and a preliminary validity study, which included a pilot test with responses from a sample of nurses (n = 143). Phase 2 involved a formal validation with a wider sample of nurses (n = 927), including factor analysis and a study of convergent validity with the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index and Health Sciences‐Evidence Based Practice.ResultsExperts selected 42 items on student contributions. After cognitive interviews, three items were eliminated and seven failed to reach the minimum content validity index (78%). Based on the remaining 32 items, the discrimination index of each item was calculated, and those with <0.3, eight items were sequentially eliminated. The resulting questionnaire contained 24 items grouped into a single factor, which explained 41% of the variance. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.94), and the convergent validity was confirmed.ConclusionsA 24‐item questionnaire was designed and validated to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical practice settings.ImpactMost hospitals are also teaching centres where nursing students undergo clinical practice. The application of this test will provide insight into the nursing professionals’ perception of the students’ role.
Islet β‐cells physiological difference study of old and young mice based on single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Zheng Zeyu , Zhan Qiufeng , Chen Ayun , Yu Zhen , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionBody aging is a universal biological process. With aging, cells undergo a series of physiological changes. The main feature is cell proliferation decline, although the cells still have normal functions. Pancreatic β‐cells are no exception. However, the physiological senescence of β‐cells, and the resulting function and transcriptome changes have rarely attracted attention. The specific senescence phenotype of β‐cells remains unknown.Materials and MethodsPancreatic samples from three female C57BL/6 mice with aged 2.5 months (young) mice and 20 months (old) were digested to a single‐cell suspension and analyzed, with 10× Genomics single‐cell ribonucleic acid sequencing, β‐cells were determined by biosynthesis analysis, and differences between old and young mice were identified.ResultsA total of 47 differential genes with significant and statistical significance were screened in β‐cells (fold change >1.5, P < 0.05). In old mice, 27 genes were upregulated and 20 genes were downregulated. Genes Mt1, Mt2, Pyy, Gcg and Pnlip, and mitochondrial genes mt‐Nd1, mt‐Nd3, mt‐Co1, mt‐Co2 and mt‐Co3 were found to be involved in cellular senescence. Transcription factors Jund and Fos were important regulators of senescence.ConclusionsAn overall difference was found between the pancreatic β‐cells of old and young mice. Transcription factors facilitate transitions between pancreatic β‐cells. These findings are worthy of deep exploration, and provide new resources and directions for the research of pancreatic aging in mice.
The ROBINS‐I and the NOS had similar reliability but differed in applicability: A random sampling observational studies of systematic reviews/meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Huang Litao , Wang Dandan , Ren Pengwei , Hong Qi , Kang Deying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of evidence on the usage of the quality assessment tool‐the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies‐of Interventions (ROBINS‐I). This article aimed to measure the reliability, criterion validity, and feasibility of the ROBINS‐I and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS).MethodsA sample of systematic reviews or meta‐analyses of observational studies were selected from Medline (2013‐2017) and assessed by two reviewers using ROBINS‐I and the NOS. We reported on reliability in terms of the first‐order agreement coefficient (AC1) statistic. Correlation coefficient statistic was used to explore the criterion validity of the ROBINS‐I. We compared the feasibility of the ROBINS‐I and NOS by recording the time to complete an assessment and the instances where assessing was difficult.ResultsFive systematic reviews containing 41 cohort studies were finally included. Interobserver agreement on the individual domain of the ROBINS‐I as well as the NOS was substantial with a mean AC1 statistic of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.50‐0.83) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.65‐0.81), respectively. The criterion validity of the ROBNS‐I was moderate (K = 0.52) against NOS. The time in assessing a single study by ROBINS‐I varied from 7 hours initially to 3 hours compared with 30 minutes for the NOS. Both reviewers rated “bias due to departure from the intended interventions” the most time‐consuming domain in the ROBINS‐I, items in the NOS were equal.ConclusionsThe ROBINS‐I and the NOS seem to provide the same reliability but vary in applicability. The over‐complicated feature of ROBINS‐I may limit its usage and a simplified version is needed.
Modifications of the nucleoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus showed gain of virulence in intraperitoneally infected rainbow trout
Authors: Alencar Anna Luiza Farias , Kwon Se Ryun , Rasmussen Thomas Bruun , Mérour Emilie , Olesen Niels Jørgen , Cuenca Argelia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractViral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is the cause of an important listed disease in European rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture and can be present in a wide range of fish species, including marine fish, which can act as viral reservoir. Recent studies revealed putative genetic virulence markers of VHSV to rainbow trout highlighting the roles of the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein and non‐virion protein. Using reverse genetics, we produced recombinant viruses by introducing parts of or the entire nucleoprotein from a high‐virulent isolate VHSV into a low‐virulent backbone. Furthermore, we also made recombinant viruses by introducing residue modifications in the nucleoprotein that seem to play a role in virulence. Rainbow trout challenged with these recombinant viruses (rVHSVs) by intraperitoneal injection (IP) developed clinical signs and showed lower survival when compared to the parental rVHSV whereas fish challenged by immersion did not show clinical signs except for the high‐virulent control. The mutations did not influence the viral growth in cell culture. The recombinant viruses and parental recombinant were unable to replicate and show cytopathic effect in EPC cells whereas the high‐virulent control was well adapted in all the fish cell lines tested. We showed evidence that corroborates with the hypothesis that the nucleoprotein has virulence motifs associated with VHSV virulence in rainbow trout.
A unique photosystem I reaction center from a chlorophyll d‐containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina
Authors: Xu Caihuang , Zhu Qingjun , Chen Jing‐Hua , Shen Liangliang , Yi Xiaohan , Huang Zihui , Wang Wenda , Chen Min , Kuang Tingyun , Shen Jian‐Ren , Zhang Xing , Han Guangye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotosystem I (PSI) is a large protein supercomplex that catalyzes the light‐dependent oxidation of plastocyanin (or cytochrome c6) and the reduction of ferredoxin. This catalytic reaction is realized by a transmembrane electron transfer chain consisting of primary electron donor (a special chlorophyll (Chl) pair) and electron acceptors A0, A1, and three Fe4S4 clusters, FX, FA, and FB. Here we report the PSI structure from a Chl d‐dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina at 3.3 Å resolution obtained by single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy. The A. marina PSI exists as a trimer with three identical monomers. Surprisingly, the structure reveals a unique composition of electron transfer chain in which the primary electron acceptor A0 is composed of two pheophytin a rather than Chl a found in any other well‐known PSI structures. A novel subunit Psa27 is observed in the A. marina PSI structure. In addition, 77 Chls, 13 α‐carotenes, two phylloquinones, three Fe‐S clusters, two phosphatidyl glycerols, and one monogalactosyl‐diglyceride were identified in each PSI monomer. Our results provide a structural basis for deciphering the mechanism of photosynthesis in a PSI complex with Chl d as the dominating pigments and absorbing far‐red light.
Effects of flipped learning on nursing students: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kim Younkyoung , Kim Nooree , Chae Myeongjeong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimImproving the learning capability of nursing students is imperative to their development as healthcare professionals. This study aimed to verify the effects of flipped learning on class participation, academic self‐regulation, co‐regulation, and academic performance, and to offer suggestions regarding educational strategies related to flipped learning.MethodIn the Community Health Nursing I course, 32 junior‐year students (the experimental group) were provided with flipped learning, and 30 other junior‐year students (the control group) received traditional instructor‐led education. Flipped learning consisted of pre‐learning, readiness assessment, a mini‐lecture, group activities, and formative assessment. The pretest‐posttest quasi‐experimental and convergent parallel study designs were used in this study.ResultsAfter participating in flipped learning, the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in class participation, academic self‐regulation, and co‐regulation compared to the control group, but academic performance exhibited an insignificant improvement. The participants experienced a “change in attitude toward academic participation,” “improved academic competence,” and “pressure from learning” related to flipped learning.ConclusionFlipped learning can positively change students' approach to learning. We propose that flipped learning be applied more widely to the education of nursing students.
Reconstruction of 3D greyscale image for reservoir rock from a single image based on pattern dictionary
Authors: Li Zhengji , He XiaoHai , Teng Qizhi , Li Yang , Wu Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost methods that model 3D porous media from 2D images are based on binary images. In this paper, we propose a method for reconstructing 3D greyscale isotropic porous media images from a single image. Our proposed method incorporates a fast‐sampling procedure to control the continuity and variability between adjoining reconstruction layers, a new similarity calculation method to obtain the most similar patterns from a pattern dictionary, and a central area simulation procedure to solve the block effect problem. The reconstruction results from application of our proposed method to a real reservoir 3D model obtained via computed tomography (CT) and a comparison with the original CT structure demonstrate that our proposed method can reproduce properties such as autocorrelation function, linear function, shape distribution, average shape factor, average pore radius size, average throat radius size, average pore volume, permeability and grey histogram. Further, the comparison results indicate that the statistical characteristics of the reconstructions match the training image and the CT model perfectly.
Network analysis reveals important genes in human placenta
Authors: Lin Peihong , Lai Xuedan , Wu Ling , Liu Wei , Lin Shiqiang , Ye Jianwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo determine which genes are important in placenta by network analysis.MethodsPlacenta expressing genes were screened from RNA‐Seq data. Protein–protein interaction data were downloaded from STRING (v11.0) database. Google PageRank (PR) algorithm was used to identify important placental genes from protein interaction network. Six placental disease‐related datasets were downloaded from NCBI GEO database, and the differential expression of the 99 genes was identified.ResultsWe calculated PR for each placenta expressing gene and defined the top 99 genes with high PR as important genes. GAPDH has the highest PR. The 99 genes had different expression pattern in placental cell types. FN1 is up‐regulated in 8 w EVT compared to 8 w CTB and 24 w EVT compared to 8 w EVT. HSPA4 is down‐regulated in 8 w EVT compared to 8 w CTB and 24 w EVT compared to 8 w EVT. MIB2, TLR4, and UBB are consistently changed in preeclampsia (PE). UBB and ACTG1 were identified to be down‐regulated in fetal growth restriction (FGR). SOD1 is down‐regulated in preterm birth placenta.ConclusionOur findings confirmed that the importance of these genes in placenta‐related diseases, and provide new candidates (MIB2, UBB, ACTG1, and SOD1) for placenta‐related disease diagnosis and treatment.
Delayed access to care and late presentations in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic New Zealand‐wide lockdown: A New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit study
Authors: Duncanson Mavis , Wheeler Benjamin J , Jelleyman Timothy , Dalziel Stuart R , McIntyre Peter 
Published: May 2021

AimDescribe paediatricians' experience of adverse health outcomes for children during the New Zealand‐wide level 4 lockdown in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWeekly national survey of paediatricians with an open‐ended questionnaire.ResultsDuring the 6‐week study survey period, the New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit received 33 reports about 55 instances where paediatricians believed care may have been compromised, about half (56%) relating to infants aged from birth to 6 weeks. Compromised care was for acute presentations in 75%, acute complications of a chronic illness in 14%, with 11% for chronic conditions. Paediatricians reported the outcome as moderately severe (short‐term morbidity, increased length of stay, higher level of care) in 38 cases (69%) and in a further 4 (7%) as severe (potential to be life‐threatening or result in permanent disability).ConclusionDespite clear messaging, hospital avoidance and reduced access to primary and secondary care were associated with significant potential harm for children in New Zealand during a strict lockdown, with newborn infants disproportionately affected. During the implementation of interventions to eliminate community transmission of COVID‐19, New Zealand paediatricians note the importance of face‐to‐face post‐natal visits for newborns and primary care services for children with acute illness, to avoid preventable harm.
Sleep disturbances in children with cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and typically developing children during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Aslan Ayse Tana , Ramaslı Gursoy Tugba , Asfuroglu Pelin , Soysal Azime Sebnem , Yapar Dilek , İlhan Mustafa Necmi 
Published: May 2021

AimWe aimed to investigate sleep disturbances in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and typically developing (TD) children during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsPrimary care givers of children with CF and PCD aged 3–16 years were asked to enrol in the study. Primary care givers of TD children were included as control group. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) was used, and questions related to sleep habits during the pandemic were asked. Results of the three groups were compared.ResultsPrimary care givers of 33 children with CF, 16 children with PCD and 66 TD children were included in the study. There were no differences in terms of age and gender between the three groups. Changes in sleep patterns during the pandemic were more common among TD children and their families, with 75% of the children and 80% of their families sleeping later than before. The sleep initiation and maintenance disorder scores were higher in TD children (P = 0.001), whereas the sleep breathing disorder scores were higher in children with PCD (P = 0.001), and the sleep hyperhidrosis scores were higher in children with CF and PCD (P = 0.011). No relationships were found between sleep parameters and clinical findings of children with lung disease.ConclusionsChildren's sleep habits have changed during the pandemic. Children with chronic lung diseases and even TD children may experience sleep disturbances during this period.
Clinical characteristics of non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy in the boxer dog
Authors: Hong H. P. , Thomovsky S. A. , Lewis M. J. , Bentley R. T. , Shelton G. D. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and potential association between non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy and malignancy in boxer dogs.Materials and MethodsBoxer dogs histologically diagnosed with non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego from 2010 to 2018 and with complete medical records were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment and outcome were documented.ResultsTwenty‐eight boxer dogs with non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy, aged 1 to 11 years, were included. Eighteen were male (16 neutered; two entire) and 10 were female (seven spayed; three entire). Clinical signs included generalised weakness (n=17), dysphagia (n=11) and weight loss (n=10). Serum creatine kinase activity was elevated in all 20 cases tested (range 908 to 138,000 IU/L). One dog had undifferentiated round cell neoplastic infiltration within the muscle at the time of inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Five dogs historically had mast cell tumours and 21 dogs were not diagnosed with neoplasia prior, at the time of or after inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Treatment included glucocorticoid monotherapy (n=12), cyclosporine monotherapy (n=1) or multiple immune‐suppressive medications (n=14). Six dogs neurologically improved, 11 improved but relapsed while on treatment, seven did not improve. Eight dogs were euthanased, one died, four were lost to follow‐up.Clinical SignificanceBoxer dogs with non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy can present for generalised weakness and dysphagia; long‐term successful outcome is uncommon. The relationship between neoplasia and non‐infectious inflammatory myopathy in boxer dogs remains unclear; future prospective studies evaluating a larger cohort are warranted.
Seizure frequency discrepancy between subjective and objective ictal electroencephalography data in dogs
Authors: Ukai Masayasu , Parmentier Thomas , Cortez Miguel A. , Fischer Andrea , Gaitero Luis , Lohi Hannes , Nykamp Stephanie , Jokinen Tarja S. , Powers Danielle , Sammut Veronique , Sanders Sean , Tai Tricia , Wielaender Franziska , James Fiona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies of epilepsy in veterinary medicine use subjective data (eg, caregiver‐derived histories) to determine seizure frequency. Conversely, in people, objective data from electroencephalography (EEG) are mainly used to diagnose epilepsy, measure seizure frequency and evaluate efficacy of antiseizure drugs. These EEG data minimize the possibility of the underreporting of seizures, a known phenomenon in human epileptology.ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between reported seizure frequency and EEG frequency of ictal paroxysmal discharges (PDs) and to determine whether seizure underreporting phenomenon exists in veterinary epileptology.AnimalsThirty‐three ambulatory video‐EEG recordings in dogs showing ≥1 ictal PD, excluding dogs with status epilepticus.MethodsRetrospective observational study. Ictal PDs were counted manually over the entire recording to obtain the frequency of EEG seizures. Caregiver‐reported seizure frequency from the medical record was categorized into weekly, daily, hourly, and per minute seizure groupings. The Spearman rank test was used for correlation analysis.ResultsThe coefficient value (rs) comparing reported seizure to EEG‐confirmed ictal PD frequencies was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.048‐0.64, P = .03). Other rs values comparing history against various seizure types were: 0.36 for motor seizures and 0.37 for nonmotor (absence) seizures.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA weak correlation was found between the frequency of reported seizures from caregivers (subjective data) and ictal PDs on EEG (objective data). Subjective data may not be reliable enough to determine true seizure frequency given the discrepancy with EEG‐confirmed seizure frequency. Confirmation of the seizure underreporting phenomenon in dogs by prospective study should be carried out.