bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity, Geodesy and Fundamental Physics with BepiColombo’s MORE Investigation
Authors: Iess L. , Asmar S. W. , Cappuccio P. , Cascioli G. , De Marchi F. , di Stefano I. , Genova A. , Ashby N. , Barriot J. P. , Bender P. , Benedetto C. , Border J. S. , Budnik F. , Ciarcia S. , Damour T. , Dehant V. , Di Achille G. , Di Ruscio A. , Fienga A. , Formaro R. , Klioner S. , Konopliv A. , Lemaître A. , Longo F. , Mercolino M. , Mitri G. , Notaro V. , Olivieri A. , Paik M. , Palli A. , Schettino G. , Serra D. , Simone L. , Tommei G. , Tortora P. , Van Hoolst T. , Vokrouhlický D. , Watkins M. , Wu X. , Zannoni M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Mercury Orbiter Radio Science Experiment (MORE) of the ESA mission BepiColombo will provide an accurate estimation of Mercury’s gravity field and rotational state, improved tests of general relativity, and a novel deep space navigation system. The key experimental setup entails a highly stable, multi-frequency radio link in X and Ka band, enabling two-way range rate measurements of 3 micron/s at nearly all solar elongation angles. In addition, a high chip rate, pseudo-noise ranging system has already been tested at 1-2 cm accuracy. The tracking data will be used together with the measurements of the Italian Spring Accelerometer to provide a pseudo drag free environment for the data analysis. We summarize the existing literature published over the past years and report on the overall configuration of the experiment, its operations in cruise and at Mercury, and the expected scientific results.
Characteristic metabolites of Hypericum plants: their chemical structures and biological activities
Authors: Tanaka Naonobu , Kashiwada Yoshiki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlants belonging to the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) are recognized as an abundant source of natural products with interesting chemical structures and intriguing biological activities. In the course of our continuing study on constituents of Hypericum plants, aiming at searching natural product-based lead compounds for therapeutic agents, we have isolated more than 100 new characteristic metabolites classified as prenylated acylphloroglucinols, meroterpenes, ketides, dibenzo-1,4-dioxane derivatives, and xanthones including prenylated xanthones, phenylxanthones, and xanthonolignoids from 11 Hypericum plants and one Triadenum plant collected in Japan, China, and Uzbekistan or cultivated in Japan. This review summarizes their chemical structures and biological activities.
Mixed reality as a novel tool for diagnostic and surgical navigation in orthopaedics
Authors: Teatini Andrea , Kumar Rahul P. , Elle Ole Jakob , Wiig Ola 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study presents a novel surgical navigation tool developed in mixed reality environment for orthopaedic surgery. Joint and skeletal deformities affect all age groups and greatly reduce the range of motion of the joints. These deformities are notoriously difficult to diagnose and to correct through surgery.

Method
We have developed a surgical tool which integrates surgical instrument tracking and augmented reality through a head mounted display. This allows the surgeon to visualise bones with the illusion of possessing “X-ray” vision. The studies presented below aim to assess the accuracy of the surgical navigation tool in tracking a location at the tip of the surgical instrument in holographic space.

Results
Results show that the average accuracy provided by the navigation tool is around 8 mm, and qualitative assessment by the orthopaedic surgeons provided positive feedback in terms of the capabilities for diagnostic use.

Conclusions
More improvements are necessary for the navigation tool to be accurate enough for surgical applications, however, this new tool has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and allow for safer and more precise surgeries, as well as provide for better learning conditions for orthopaedic surgeons in training.
Electrophysiological signatures of dedifferentiation differ between fit and less fit older adults
Authors: Goelz Christian , Mora Karin , Stroehlein Julia Kristin , Haase Franziska Katharina , Dellnitz Michael , Reinsberger Claus , Vieluf Solveig 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCardiorespiratory fitness was found to influence age-related changes of resting state brain network organization. However, the influence on dedifferentiated involvement of wider and more unspecialized brain regions during task completion is barely understood. We analyzed EEG data recorded during rest and different tasks (sensory, motor, cognitive) with dynamic mode decomposition, which accounts for topological characteristics as well as temporal dynamics of brain networks. As a main feature the dominant spatio-temporal EEG pattern was extracted in multiple frequency bands per participant. To deduce a pattern’s stability, we calculated its proportion of total variance among all activation patterns over time for each task. By comparing fit (N = 15) and less fit older adults (N = 16) characterized by their performance on a 6-min walking test, we found signs of a lower task specificity of the obtained network features for the less fit compared to the fit group. This was indicated by fewer significant differences between tasks in the theta and high beta frequency band in the less fit group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that a significantly lower proportion of total variance can be explained by the main pattern in high beta frequency range for the less fit compared to the fit group [F(1,29) = 12.572, p = .001, partial η2 = .300]. Our results indicate that the dedifferentiation in task-related brain activation is lower in fit compared to less fit older adults. Thus, our study supports the idea that cardiorespiratory fitness influences task-related brain network organization in different task domains.
Epidemiology of hip fracture in Botswana
Authors: Kebaetse M. , Nkhwa S. , Mogodi M. , Masunge J. , Gureja Y. P. , Ramabu M. , Mmopelwa T. , Sharif I. , Orford A. , Johansson H. , Harvey N. C. , McCloskey E. V. , Cauley J. A. , Kanis J. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Summary

A retrospective population-based survey in the Republic of Botswana determined the incidence of fractures at the hip over 3 years. The estimated number of such fractures nationwide for 2020 was 103 and is predicted to increase.

Objective
This article describes the epidemiology of hip fractures in the Republic of Botswana.

Methods
A retrospective patient chart review was conducted to identify from hospital registers the number of patients diagnosed with hip fracture in 2009, 2010, and 2011. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture was determined from which lifetime probabilities and future projections for hip fracture were calculated.

Results
The incidence of hip fracture was low and comparable to rates reported from Tunisia. The remaining lifetime risk of hip fracture at the age of 50 years in men and women was 1.4 and 1.1%, respectively. The incidence of hip fracture suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2020 was 103 and is predicted to increase by more than threefold to 372 in 2050.

Conclusion
The hip fracture rates can be used for healthcare planning. Additionally, these data can be used to create a FRAX model to help guide decisions about treatment.
Radical prostatectomy technique in the robotic evolution: from da Vinci standard to single port—a single surgeon pathway
Authors: Francavilla Simone , Veccia Alessandro , Dobbs Ryan W. , Zattoni Fabio , Vigneswaran Hari T. , Antonelli Alessandro , Dal Moro Fabrizio , Autorino Riccardo , Simeone Claudio , Crivellaro Simone 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo describe perioperative outcomes following robot-assisted prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon during transitions between da Vinci standard/Si/Xi and the single port. Perioperative data were retrospectively evaluated of the first 40 consecutive robot-assisted radical prostatectomies performed by a single surgeon using the da Vinci standard, Si, Xi and single port. A total of 160 patients were included. We matched standard vs Si (Match 1), Si vs Xi (Match 2) and Xi vs single port (Match 3) cohort. Mann–Whitney and Fisher’s tests were used to test the difference among the groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were adopted to evaluate the predictors of overall and major complications. Single-port procedures in Match 3 showed significant shorter median operative time than Xi. Both Si and single-port groups showed significantly less median blood loss, a shorter median length of stay, respectively, than standard group in Match 1 and than Xi group in Match 3. 1 standard group patient required conversion to open surgery for an unsolvable conflict of the robotic arms. No other intraoperative complications were noted. On univariate and multivariate analyses, the da Vinci platform model was not a predicting factor of major complications (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3). We described how technological progress impacted peri and postoperative outcomes during transitions between robotic surgical platforms for radical prostatectomy. In particular, the technological improvements associated to the increased surgeon’s expertise made the transition to the single port safe and effective when compared with previous platforms.
Material classification in X-ray images based on multi-scale CNN
Authors: Benedykciuk Emil , Denkowski Marcin , Dmitruk Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecurity X-ray baggage scanners provide images based on the different levels of radiation absorption by different materials. Images captured by such scanners are inspected by a human operator, which can slow down the verification process. To speed up inspection time, computer vision and machine learning methods are increasingly being used. While object recognition has been the subject of a huge number of articles, the problem of material recognition in X-ray images still requires some work to achieve equivalent accuracy. This paper focuses on the problem of discrimination of materials into several classes, such as organic substances or metals, in images obtained from dual-energy X-ray security scanners. We propose a new multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) for predicting the material class, in which five different sizes of patches are implemented parallelly to balance the trade-off between the increase in the receptive field and the loss of detail. We analyze some regularization methods and activation functions and their impact on the effectiveness of our architecture. The results were compared with other popular CNN architectures and demonstrate the superiority of our solution.
Sleep and chronotype in relation to work-related stress and negative affect: The moderating role of a flexible start of work
Authors: Saalwirth Christina , Leipold Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The present study investigated the relationships between sleep (sleep duration and need for additional sleep time in the morning), chronotype, work-related stress, and negative affect in daytime workers. Furthermore, it was examined whether a flexible start of work moderates these relationships.

Methods
A cross-sectional online study was conducted. Participants were 438 (247 female) daytime workers between 18 and 73 years (mean = 37.68, standard deviation = 12.39). The questionnaire included the “sleep duration” subscale of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), two subscales of the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS), the negative affect scale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), questions regarding how many minutes participants would like to sleep longer in the morning, and how flexible their start of work is.

Results
Short sleep duration and a greater need for additional sleep in the morning were significantly associated with late chronotype. Shorter sleep duration, a greater need for additional sleep, and a late chronotype were associated with higher work-related stress and negative affect. A flexible start of work moderated these relationships: People with longer sleep duration, less need for additional sleep time, and an early chronotype showed lower stress and negative affect levels when having a flexible start of work. A flexible start of work showed no or negative effects on workers with shorter sleep duration, a greater need for additional sleep time, or a late chronotype.

Conclusions
The effect of a flexible start of work for daytime worker’s well-being depends on a person’s individual sleep timing and chronotype.
How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Authors: Geng Yana , Faber Klaas Nico , de Meijer Vincent E. , Blokzijl Hans , Moshage Han 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized as excess lipid accumulation in the liver which is not due to alcohol use, has emerged as one of the major health problems around the world. The dysregulated lipid metabolism creates a lipotoxic environment which promotes the development of NAFLD, especially the progression from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Purposeand AimThis review focuses on the mechanisms of lipid accumulation in the liver, with an emphasis on the metabolic fate of free fatty acids (FFAs) in NAFLD and presents an update on the relevant cellular processes/mechanisms that are involved in lipotoxicity. The changes in the levels of various lipid species that result from the imbalance between lipolysis/lipid uptake/lipogenesis and lipid oxidation/secretion can cause organellar dysfunction, e.g. ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, JNK activation, secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and aggravate (or be exacerbated by) hypoxia which ultimately lead to cell death. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how abnormal lipid metabolism leads to lipotoxicity and the cellular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in the context of NAFLD.
Consensus of the Spanish society of laboratory medicine and the Spanish society of medical oncology on the methodology and criteria for evaluation of circulating tumour markers in breast cancer
Authors: Ayala de la Peña F. , Ortiz-Muñoz B. , Quintanar-Verdúguez T. , Santotoribio J. D. , de la Cruz S. , Trapé-Pujol J. , Galve-Calvo E. , Augé-Fradera J. M. , García-Gómez J. , González-Hernández Á. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe measurement of circulating tumour markers (TMs) for the diagnosis or monitoring of breast cancer has sometimes been considered of limited utility. In addition to the overinterpretation of irrelevant changes in marker levels, the characteristics of the patient, the disease or other pathologies that can modify them are often not considered in their evaluation. On the other hand, there are recent data on the relationship of TMs with molecular subtypes and on their prognostic value, the knowledge of which may improve their clinical utility. This consensus article arises from a collaboration between the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQCML) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). It aims to improve the use and interpretation of circulating TMs in breast cancer. The text summarizes the current knowledge and available evidence on the subject and proposes a series of recommendations mainly focussed on the indication, the frequency of testing and the factors that should be considered for correctly interpreting changes in the levels of TMs.
Strong external difference families in abelian and non-abelian groups
Authors: Huczynska Sophie , Jefferson Christopher , Nepšinská Silvia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStrong external difference families (SEDFs) have applications to cryptography and are rich combinatorial structures in their own right. We extend the definition of SEDF from abelian groups to all finite groups, and introduce the concept of equivalence. We prove new recursive constructions for SEDFs and generalized SEDFs (GSEDFs) in cyclic groups, and present the first family of non-abelian SEDFs. We prove there exist at least two non-equivalent (k2 + 1,2,k,1)-SEDFs for every k > 2, and begin the task of enumerating SEDFs, via a computational approach which yields complete results for all groups up to order 24.
Countertransference towards suicidal patients: a systematic review
Authors: Michaud Laurent , Greenway Kyle T. , Corbeil Sylvie , Bourquin Céline , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCountertransference towards suicidal patients may blur healthcare professionals’ clinical judgment and lead to suboptimal decision-making. We conducted a systematic review of the quantitative studies on this topic. Following PRISMA guidelines, various databases were searched for studies measuring countertransference in healthcare professionals treating suicidal patients. Two authors independently performed screening and the quality of included studies was formally assessed. Ten studies were identified (3/5/2 of low/intermediate/high quality, respectively). Cross-sectional studies showed evidence for specific and adverse countertransference (e.g., disinterest, anxiety, overwhelming, rejection, helplessness or distress) towards suicidal patients. Furthermore, countertransference was prospectively associated with suicidal behavior and ideation in studies that explored this issue, but the meaning of this association remains to be clarified. Healthcare professionals’ characteristics (e.g. professional background, gender, personality traits) influenced countertransference. Suicidal patients elicit adverse countertransference, which should be addressed in clinical practice and through dedicated training.
Promoting Student Teachers’ Self-Regulated Learning in the Workplace
Authors: Vrieling-Teunter Emmy , Stijnen Sjef , Bastiaens Theo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis quasi-experimental study of self-regulated learning (SRL) in the context of primary teacher education emerged from the importance attributed to SRL for developing student teachers’ active and conscious learning. Contrary to earlier studies that focused on SRL within the initial teacher training, in this study we sought for the impact of increased SRL opportunities on student teachers’ motivation for learning in their workplace which is an important part of their educational program. The study focused on the way in which SRL opportunities for student teachers can be shaped in the workplace (research question one), the differences in perceived SRL opportunities between the experimental and the control condition (research question two) and the differences in motivation for learning between the experimental and the control condition (research question three). In answer to research question one, the earlier findings of SRL within the initial teacher program were combined with the insights and experiences of the stakeholders in practice. This resulted in a SRL approach for the workplace that was applied during one academic year by 12 primary teacher educators in cooperation with 45 primary teachers of 45 training schools. In answer to research question two, the training appeared effective because student teachers in training schools (N = 80) experienced more SRL opportunities than student teachers in the non-training schools (N = 51). In answer to research question three, student teachers in training schools demonstrated more motivational expectancy (i.e. control belief and self-efficacy for learning) compared with student teachers in non-training schools. This was in line with previous findings within initial teacher training. The importance of a gradual transition from teacher control to student control appeared vital.
Polymodal Functionality of C. elegans OLL Neurons in Mechanosensation and Thermosensation
Authors: Fan Yuedan , Zou Wenjuan , Liu Jia , Al-Sheikh Umar , Cheng Hankui , Duan Duo , Du Chen  , Liu Siyan , Chen Luyi , Xu Jilei , Ruhomutally Firdosh , Kang Lijun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSensory modalities are important for survival but the molecular mechanisms remain challenging due to the polymodal functionality of sensory neurons. Here, we report the C. elegans outer labial lateral (OLL) sensilla sensory neurons respond to touch and cold. Mechanosensation of OLL neurons resulted in cell-autonomous mechanically-evoked Ca2+ transients and rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor currents with a very short latency. Mechanotransduction of OLL neurons might be carried by a novel Na+ conductance channel, which is insensitive to amiloride. The bona fide mechano-gated Na+-selective degenerin/epithelial Na+ channels, TRP-4, TMC, and Piezo proteins are not involved in this mechanosensation. Interestingly, OLL neurons also mediated cold but not warm responses in a cell-autonomous manner. We further showed that the cold response of OLL neurons is not mediated by the cold receptor TRPA-1 or the temperature-sensitive glutamate receptor GLR-3. Thus, we propose the polymodal functionality of OLL neurons in mechanosensation and cold sensation.
Mapping the production-consumption gap of an urban food system: an empirical case study of food security and resilience
Authors: Jensen Paul D. , Orfila Caroline 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrban food systems are complex and increasingly recognised as not being sustainable, equitable or resilient. Though globalisation and lengthening of agrifood supply chains has brought many benefits, such as year-long availability of fresh produce and modernisation opportunities for some developing regions, they have increased reliance on food imports and reduced the food and nutrition resilience of many cities. This premise has been widely witnessed following recent financial, climatic and pandemic driven disruptions to food supplies. A greater understanding is thus needed of the lived reality of a modern city’s ability to sustainably and equitably feed itself in a crisis situation or otherwise. In a changing world, such knowledge is valuable on a variety of strategic planning levels. Employing publically available data, the scale of food security and resilience, and options for their improvement, are holistically assessed through a case study spatial analysis of the urban food system of the city of Leeds in the United Kingdom. The case study found that the Leeds city region is home to a significant and diverse food production and provision system, but it is not food secure in terms of providing sufficient energy or macronutrients, or functioning in an equitable manner for all of its residents. Options for improving the performance of the system, including urban farming and industrial symbiosis, were found to be nuanced and would only be effective alongside a range of complimentary interventions as well as high levels of investment, multi-sector cooperation and strong governance. Though food system evolution and development are grounded in local context, the methods, general findings and circular economy focussed recommendations emanating from the case study, are widely applicable.
The influence of muscle, ageing and thermal treatment method on the quality of cooked beef
Authors: Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika , Tkacz Katarzyna , Nogalski Zenon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study was undertaken to investigate the effect of muscle, thermal treatment, and ageing on the beef quality. The longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were taken from Holstein–Friesian young bull carcasses then subjected to steam-cooking and sous-vide after 9 and 14-d wet ageing. It was shown that characteristics of cooked beef were the most significantly affected by thermal treatment method. Using sous-vide provided beef with lower shear force and cooking loss values, darker, and more red colour and more beneficial sensory quality. LL and SM muscles showed a similar quality when subjected to the same thermal treatment method after the same ageing time. It is possible to obtain juicy and tender beef from Holstein–Friesian bulls after 9-d ageing and sous-vide treatment.