bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid molecular identification of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing the eggs of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Serbia
Authors: Ivezić Aleksandar , Rugman-Jones Paul F. , Trudić Branislav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is the major pest of maize (Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753) in Serbia. One potential method for managing this pest is the augmentative release of naturally occuring egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma. The first step in this process is accurately identifying the naturally occuring species and estimating their natural distribution and abundance. Molecular identification, based on differences in DNA sequences, has commonly been employed for the identification of Trichogramma species. A simple, quick, and accurate molecular assay is urgently required for the identification of two common Trichogramma species, associated with ECB in Serbia: T. brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 and Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833. Such an assay will facilitate an expansive survey of resident populations of Trichogramma associated with ECB across agricultural growing regions of Vojvodina province.

Results
A species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the 2 species was developed and validated that assay using a sample of 79 parasitoid wasps reared from ECB egg masses collected from sample sites across Vojvodina province. Trichogramma brassicae was confirmed as the dominant egg parasitoid of ECB in this region, accounting for 77 of the 79 wasps (97.47%). The remaining 2 were confirmed as T. evanescens. Trichogramma brassicae was detected at all 12 sample sites, while T. evanescens was detected at only 2 plots, Mokrin and Nakovo.

Conclusions
The species-specific multiplex PCR assay presented herein can provide the basis of a quick, cheap, and reliable means for identifying the species of Trichogramma that parasitize ECB egg masses in Serbia. Two currently documented species, T. brassicae and T. evanescens, are readily diagnosed by the size of the PCR product they produce in the assay. Any additional species are expected to not produce a band of a diagnostic size. Such species would subsequently be identified by sequencing, which may also allow them to be promptly incorporated into a revised assay.
Fiber laser technologies for photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Jin Long , Liang Yizhi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFiber laser technology has experienced a rapid growth over the past decade owing to increased applications in precision measurement and optical testing, medical care, and industrial applications, including laser welding, cleaning, and manufacturing. A fiber laser can output laser pulses with high energy, a high repetition rate, a controllable wavelength, low noise, and good beam quality, making it applicable in photoacoustic imaging. Herein, recent developments in fiber-laser-based photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) are reviewed. Multispectral PAM can be used to image oxygen saturation or lipid-rich biological tissues by applying a Q-switched fiber laser, a stimulated Raman scattering-based laser source, or a fiber-based supercontinuum source for photoacoustic excitation. PAM can also incorporate a single-mode fiber laser cavity as a high-sensitivity ultrasound sensor by measuring the acoustically induced lasing-frequency shift. Because of their small size and high flexibility, compact head-mounted, wearable, or hand-held imaging modalities and better photoacoustic endoscopes can be enabled using fiber-laser-based PAM.
Occurrence of drug target residues within decantation tank sediments: a good clue to assess their historical excretion?
Authors: Thiebault Thomas , Fougère Laëtitia , Simonneau Anaëlle , Destandau Emilie , Le Milbeau Claude , Jacob Jérémy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of sediments accumulated in sewer systems to record human activities through the occurrence of drug target residues (DTR). The installation studied is 17 m deep underground decantation tank that traps the coarse fractions of a unitary sewer system (northern part of Orléans, France), collecting both stormwater and wastewater. The sediments deposited in this tank could constitute a nonesuch opportunity to study the historical evolution of illicit and licit drug consumption in the catchment, however, the deposition processes and the record of DTRs remain largely unknown at present. Five cores were acquired from 2015 to 2017. One hundred fifty-two sediment samples were extracted using a mixture of ultra-pure water:methanol (1:1) prior to analysis of the extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Several classical sedimentological analyses such as total organic carbon, facies description and granulometry were also performed on these samples, in order to understand the most important factors (e.g., physico-chemical properties of the DTRs, solid type, assumed load in wastewater) impacting their deposition.The key role of the speciation of DTRs was highlighted by the higher contents in neutral and anionic DTRs in organic layers, whereas only cationic DTRs were found in mineral layers. The considerable modifications in the sediments’ properties, generated by distinct origins (i.e., stormwater or wastewater), are therefore the most important drivers that must be taken into account when back-calculating the historical patterns of drug consumption from their DTR concentrations in decantation tank sediments. Further research remains necessary to fully understand the deposition process, but this study provides new clues explaining these temporal evolutions.
Can sonographic features of microcalcification predict thyroid nodule malignancy? a prospective observational study
Authors: Nabahati Mehrdad , Mehraeen Rahele , Moazezi Zoleika , Ghaemian Naser 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of microcalcification, as well as its associated sonographic features, for prediction of thyroid nodule malignancy.
We prospectively assessed the patients with thyroid nodule, who underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration during 2017–2020 in Babol, northern Iran. The ultrasonographic characteristics of the nodules, as well as their cytological results, were recorded. We used regression analysis to evaluate the relation between sonographic findings and nodule malignancy. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was also used to estimate the ability of ultrasound to predict the characteristic features of malignancy, as estimated by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Overall, 1129 thyroid nodules were finally included in the study, of which 452 (40%) had microcalcification. A significant positive association was found between nodule malignancy and microcalcification in both univariate (OR=3.626, 95% CI 2.258–5.822) and multivariable regression analyses (OR=1.878, 95% CI 1.095–3.219). In the nodules with microcalcification, significant positive relations were seen between malignancy and hypoechogenicity (OR=3.833, 95% CI 1.032–14.238), >5 microcalcification number (OR=3.045, 95% CI 1.328–6.982), irregular margin (OR=3.341, 95% CI 1.078–10.352), and lobulated margin (OR=5.727, 95% CI 1.934–16.959). The ROC analysis indicated that AUC for hypoechogenicity, >5 microcalcification number, irregular margin, and lobulated margin were 60%, 62%, 55%, and 60%, respectively, in predicting malignant thyroid nodules.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that microcalcification can be a potential predictor of thyroid nodule malignancy. Also, the presence of irregular or lobulated margins, multiple intranodular microcalcification (>5 microcalcifications), and/or hypoechogenicity can improve the ability of microcalcification in distinguishing malignant from benign nodules.
Development and Use of Natural Language Processing for Identification of Distant Cancer Recurrence and Sites of Distant Recurrence Using Unstructured Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Karimi Yasmin H. , Blayney Douglas W. , Kurian Allison W. , Shen Jeanne , Yamashita Rikiya , Rubin Daniel , Banerjee Imon 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE Large-scale analysis of real-world evidence is often limited to structured data fields that do not contain reliable information on recurrence status and disease sites. In this report, we describe a natural language processing (NLP) framework that uses data from free-text, unstructured reports to classify recurrence status and sites of recurrence for patients with breast and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). METHODS Using two cohorts of breast cancer and HCC cases, we validated the ability of a previously developed NLP model to distinguish between no recurrence, local recurrence, and distant recurrence, based on clinician notes, radiology reports, and pathology reports compared with manual curation. A second NLP model was trained and validated to identify sites of recurrence. We compared the ability of each NLP model to identify the presence, timing, and site of recurrence, when compared against manual chart review and International Classification of Diseases coding. RESULTS A total of 1,273 patients were included in the development and validation of the two models. The NLP model for recurrence detects distant recurrence with an area under the curve of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98) in breast and HCC cohorts, respectively. The mean accuracy of the NLP model for detecting any site of distant recurrence was 0.9 for breast cancer and 0.83 for HCC. The NLP model for recurrence identified a larger proportion of patients with distant recurrence in a breast cancer database (11.1%) compared with International Classification of Diseases coding (2.31%). CONCLUSION We developed two NLP models to identify distant cancer recurrence, timing of recurrence, and sites of recurrence based on unstructured electronic health record data. These models can be used to perform large-scale retrospective studies in oncology.
BloodPAC Data Commons for Liquid Biopsy Data
Authors: Grossman Robert L. , Dry Jonathan R. , Hanlon Sean E. , Johann Donald J. , Kolatkar Anand , Lee Jerry S. H. , Meyer Christopher , Salvatore Lea , Wells Walt , Leiman Lauren 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE The Blood Profiling Atlas in Cancer (BloodPAC) Data Commons (BPDC) is being developed and is operated by the public-private BloodPAC Consortium to support the liquid biopsy community. It is an interoperable data commons with the ultimate aim of serving as a recognized source of valid scientific evidence for liquid biopsy assays for industry, academia, and standards and regulatory stakeholders. METHODS The BPDC is implemented using the open source Gen3 data commons platform ( https://gen3.org ). In particular, the BPDC Data Exploration Portal, BPDC Data Submission Portal, the BPDC Workspace Hub, and the BloodPAC application programming interface (API) were all automatically generated from the BloodPAC Data Model using the Gen3 data commons platform. BPDC uses Gen3's implementation of the data commons framework services so that it can interoperate through secure, compliant APIs with other data commons using data commons framework service, such as National Cancer Institute's Cancer Research Data Commons. RESULTS The BPDC contains 57 studies and projects spanning more than 4,100 cases. This amounts to 5,700 aliquots (blood plasma, serum, or a contrived sample) that have been subjected to a liquid biopsy assay, quantified, and then contributed by members of the BloodPAC Consortium. In all, there are more than 31,000 files in the commons as of December 2020. We describe the BPDC, the data it manages, the process that the BloodPAC Consortium used to develop it, and some of the applications that have been developed using its API. CONCLUSION The BPDC has been the data platform used by BloodPAC during the past 4 years to manage the data for the consortium and to provide workspaces for its working groups.
High Specialization among Female Youth Soccer Players Is Associated with an Increased Likelihood of Serious Injury
Authors: XIAO MICHELLE , LEMOS JACIE L. , HWANG CALVIN E. , SHERMAN SETH L. , SAFRAN MARC R. , ABRAMS GEOFFREY D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the associations between serious injury (≥3-month time loss) and level of specialization among high-level female soccer players and to compare the specialization and college commitment ages of female youth soccer players to Division I college and professional soccer athletes.

Methods
Youth, college, and professional female soccer players in the United States playing in the top league at each level were recruited to complete an anonymous online survey. The survey collected information about player demographics, soccer specialization and training patterns, history of serious injuries from soccer, and perceptions surrounding soccer specialization. Comparisons between groups were performed using two-sample t-tests, χ2 analyses, and multiple logistic regression models controlling for differences in age. A P value of less than 0.05 was set as significant.

Results
A total of 1,018 (767 youth, 251 college/professional) athletes completed the survey. Serious injuries affected 23.6% of youth and 51.4% of college/professional athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament tears were more prevalent in college/professional players compared with youth athletes (18.3% vs 4.0%; P < 0.001). Highly specialized youth athletes (66.5%) were more likely to have sustained a serious injury from soccer compared with athletes with low specialization (odds ratio, 2.28 (1.38–3.92); P = 0.008) but not moderate specialization (odds ratio, 1.37 (0.83–2.27); P = 0.43). A higher proportion of youth athletes specialized at a young age (≤10 yr) compared with college/professional players (44.2% vs 25.9%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
High specialization in female youth soccer players is associated with an increased likelihood of sustaining a serious injury. Current youth soccer players are specializing earlier and committing to play college soccer at a younger age compared with when current college and professional players did.
Availability and readability of online patient information on clubfoot: Assessment of paediatric hospital clubfoot web pages
Authors: Xie Michael , Young Jason , May Collin 
Published: April 2021

Purpose To determine the availability and readability of online patient information (OPI) provided by paediatric hospitals in the United States using clubfoot as a model condition Methods The websites of the top 95 paediatric hospitals identified using US News & World Report were included. The names of paediatric hospitals and the terms “clubfoot”, “clubfeet” and “talipes equinovarus” were entered into the Google search engine. Readability was assessed using five validated metrics and the composite grade level (CGL). The number of unpaid monthly visits was calculated with the Ahrefs Organic Traffic Score (OTS) tool. Data for paediatric hospitals were compared with the same metrics for the top ten Google search results. Results Of 95 paediatric hospitals, 29 (30.5%) did not have at least one web page dedicated to clubfoot. The 128 web pages representing 66 paediatric hospitals had an average CGL of 9.4, representing a readability level requiring some high school education. The mean OTS for all paediatric hospitals was 116 estimated visits per month, which was significantly less than that for the top ten Google clubfoot search results (3035.1; p < 0.0001). Conclusion Paediatric hospital web pages on clubfoot were visited much less frequently than those from the top ten Google search results. Only two web pages (1.6%) from paediatric hospitals offered OPI on clubfoot that met the American Medical Association recommended reading level (sixth-grade level). Paediatric hospitals should create OPI on clubfoot with appropriate readability and accessibility for patient families. Level of Evidence N/A
Three-component flow velocity measurements with stereoscopic picosecond laser electronic excitation tagging
Authors: Russell Colter , Jiang Naibo , Danehy Paul , Zhang Zhili , Roy Sukesh 
Published: April 2021

Nonintrusive three-component (3C) velocity measurements of free jet flows were
conducted by stereoscopic picosecond laser electronic excitation
tagging (S-PLEET) at 100 kHz. The fundamental frequency of the
burst-mode laser at 1064 nm was focused to generate the PLEET signal
in a free jet flow. A stereoscopic imaging system was used to capture
the PLEET signals. The 3C centroids of the PLEET signal were
determined by utilizing simultaneous images from two cameras placed at
an angle. The temporal evolutions of the centroids were obtained and
used to determine the instantaneous, time-resolved 3C velocities of
the flows. The free jets with various inlet pressures of 10–40 bars
exhausting into atmospheric pressure air (i.e., underexpanded free jet
with large pressure ratios; Reynolds numbers from the jet ranged from
39,000 to 145,000) were measured by S-PLEET. Key 3C turbulent
properties of the free jets, including instantaneous and mean
velocities, were obtained with an instantaneous measurement
uncertainty of about

±
10

m

/

s

, which is about 2% of the highest
velocities measured. Computation of higher-order statistics including
covariances related to turbulent kinetic energy and the Reynolds
stress component was demonstrated. The 3C nonintrusive and unseeded
velocimetry technique could provide a new tool for flow property
measurements in ground test facilities; the measured high-frequency
turbulence properties of free jet flows could be useful for turbulence
modeling and validations.
Possibility of intracavity terahertz difference frequency generation in a two-frequency GaAsP/AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well laser
Authors: Dubinov A. A. , Utochkin V. V. , Razova A. A. 
Published: April 2021

We consider the GaAsP/AlGaAs/GaAs laser design with two different quantum wells for simultaneous generation of

T
E

0

and

T
M

0

modes having different frequencies in near-IR range. We theoretically investigate the possibility of effective difference frequency generation in the 7.5–8 and 10.5–11 THz regions in the laser design proposed. Resonant increase of second-order susceptibility in AlGaAs in these ranges provides sufficient generation efficiency. We demonstrate an output power-conversion factor for the difference frequencies in the 7.5–8 THz range to be up to

4

−

8

M
W

−
1

at room temperature in such a laser.
Optimal optical path difference of an asymmetric common-path coherent-dispersion spectrometer
Authors: Chen Shasha , Wei Ruyi , Xie Zhengmao , Wu Yinhua , Di Lamei , Wang Feicheng , Zhai Yang 
Published: April 2021

Optical path difference (OPD) is a very significant parameter in the asymmetric common-path coherent-dispersion spectrometer (CODES), which directly determines the performance of the CODES. In order to improve the performance of the instrument as much as possible, a temperature-compensated optimal optical path difference (TOOPD) method is proposed. The method does not only consider the influence of temperature change on the OPD but also effectively solves the problem that the optimal OPD cannot be obtained simultaneously at different wavelengths. Taking the spectral line with a Gaussian-type power spectral density distribution as a representative, the relational expression between the OPD and the visibility of interference fringes formed by the CODES is derived for the stellar absorption/emission line. Further, the optimal OPD is deduced according to the efficiency function, and the relationship between the optimal OPD and wavelength is analyzed. Then, based on the materials’ dispersion characteristics, different optical materials are combined and added to the interferometer’s reflected and transmitted optical path to implement the optimal OPD at different wavelengths, thereby improving the detection precision. Meanwhile, the materials whose refractive index negatively changes with temperature are selected to reduce or even offset the temperature impact on OPD, and hence the system’s stability is improved and further improves the detection precision. Under certain input conditions, the material combination that approximates the optimal OPD is performed within the range of 0.66–0.9 µm. The simulation results show that the maximal difference between the optimal OPD obtained by the efficiency function and the OPD produced by the material combination is 0.733 mm for the absorption line and 1.122 mm for the emission line, which is reduced by 1 time compared with only one material. The influence of temperature on the OPD can be reduced by 2–3 orders of magnitude by material combination, which greatly ameliorates the stability of the whole spectrometer. Hence, the TOOPD method provides a new idea for further improving the high-precision radial velocity detection of the asymmetric common-path CODES.
Indoor location technology based on LED visible light and QR code
Authors: Wu Qian , He Yanxiao 
Published: April 2021

For the current problems of extremely complex visible light indoor positioning algorithms and devices and low positioning accuracy, this paper proposes an improved indoor positioning method combining light-emitting diode (LED) visible light and quick response (QR) codes. First, initial positioning is achieved by loading a QR code image containing LED position information on the LED light, which is recognized and decoded by the receiver. Then the position of the receiver is precisely located by proposing an improved indoor positioning method. The experiment shows the smallest average error of 4.0326 cm in positioning, which greatly improves the indoor positioning accuracy.
ERA5-based global assessment of irrigation requirement and validation
Authors: Rolle Matteo , Tamea Stefania , Claps Pierluigi 
Published: April 2021

While only 20% of harvested lands are actually irrigated, 40% of global agricultural production originates from irrigated areas. Therefore, assessing irrigation requirements is essential for the development of effective water-related policies for an efficient management of water resources. Moreover, global-scale analyses are becoming increasingly relevant, motivated by globalized production and international trade of food as well as by the need of common strategies to address climate change.
In this study, a comprehensive model to estimate crop growth and irrigation requirements of 26 main crops at global scale is presented. The model computes a soil water balance using daily precipitation and reference evapotranspiration based on a high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis dataset from the European Copernicus Program. The irrigation requirement, defined as the minimum water volume to avoid water stress, is computed for year 2000 at the resolution of 5 arc-min (or 0.0833°) and aggregated at different spatial and temporal scales for relevant analyses.
The estimated global irrigation requirements for 962 km3 is described in detail, also in relation to the spatial variability and to the monthly variation of the requirements. A focus on different areas of the world (California, Northern Italy and India) highlights the wealth of information provided by the model in different climatic conditions.
National data of irrigation withdrawals have been used for an extensive comparison with model results. A crop-specific validation has also been made for the State of California, comparing model results with local data of irrigation volume and independent estimates of crop water use. In both cases, we found a good agreement between model results and real data.