bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBTAINING AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONS OF UREA GREASES AND THEIR COMPONENTS ON THE BASIS OF VEGETABLE OILS
Authors: Safronov Oleg I. 
Published: October 2021

Background. In recent years, requirements for the properties of lubricants and their components are increasing. Attention is paid to the impact of lubricants on the environment. Urea greases fully meet the high requirements for the properties of lubricants. The development of greases of this class and vegetable oil-based additives should solve the environmental problems of their use.
Objective. The purpose of the paper is development of urea greases and their components using raw materials of plant origin.
Methods. A number of protective additives to lubricants were obtained by epoxidation of vegetable oils and introduction of nitrogen-containing fragments on the carbonyl group and epoxy ring. Amidation of triacylglycerides of vegetable oils with ethylenediamine synthesized monoaminoamides of fatty acids of linear structure. Urea thixotropic systems are synthesized by the interaction of polyisocyanate with fatty acid monoaminoamides in petroleum oil. Synthesized additives in various quantities were introduced into the composition of the investigated products in order to check the operational properties of the finished greases.
Results. The obtained greases are characterized by a high level of mechanical and colloidal stability. Their composition and chemical structure were established by a set of spectrometric methods of analysis. The upper temperature limit of application of the synthesized urea in the range of 150–200 °С is established by the method of derivatographic analysis. It is established that the combination of urea thickener and vegetable oil-based additives allows obtaining urea greases with high thermal stability, improved protective and antioxidant characteristics. The use of environmentally friendly oleochemical products in the composition of the thickener and lubricant additives improves the biodegradability of the developed grease composition.
Conclusions. It is shown that the proposed series of vegetable oil transformations allows obtaining ready-made compositions of urea greases and their components using raw materials of natural origin. The obtained products have satisfactory operational properties and according to some indicators industrial analogues prevail. This allows us to recommend the developed urea oils as substitutes for commercial products.
Systematic human learning by literature and data mining for feature selection in machine learning
Authors: Sufriyana Herdiantri , Wu Yu Wei , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We proposed a learning algorithm for human to conduct literature and data mining for causal factor discovery. The applicability is to select features for a machine learning prediction model, including but not limited to that using real-world, time-varying data from electronic health records. This protocol is relatively quick to find potentially actionable predictors for a clinical prediction while dealing with high dimensionality in big data. However, this protocol might not find a potentially novel cause, since this only exhaustively examines the existing evidences in a single study. The key stages consisted of systematic human learning, causal diagram construction, data preprocessing, causal inference modeling, and development and validation of a prediction model to describe the explainability.
Bioconversion of Carbon Monoxide to Formate Using Artificially Designed Carbon Monoxide:Formate Oxidoreductase in Hyperthermophilic Archaea
Authors: Lim Jae Kyu , Yang Ji-In , Kim Yun Jae , Park Yeong-Jun , Kim Yong Hwan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ferredoxin-dependent metabolic engineering of electron transfer circuits has been developed to enhance redox efficiency in the field of synthetic biology, e.g., for hydrogen production and for reduction of flavoproteins or NAD(P)+. Here, we present the bioconversion of carbon monoxide (CO) gas to formate via a synthetic CO:formate oxidoreductase (CFOR), designed as an enzyme complex for direct electron transfer between noninteracting CO dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase using an electron-transferring Fe-S fusion protein. The CFOR-introduced Thermococcus onnurineus mutant strains showed CO-dependent formate production in vivo and in vitro. The formate production rate from purified CFOR complex and specific formate productivity from the bioreactor were 348 ± 34 μmol/mg/min and 90.2 ± 20.4 mmol/g-cells/h, respectively. The CO-dependent CO2 reduction/formate production activity of synthetic CFOR was confirmed, indicating that direct electron transfer between two unrelated dehydrogenases was feasible via mediation of the FeS-FeS fusion protein.
Integrative proteogenomic characterization of early esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Lingling , Jiang Dongxian , Zhang Qiao , Liu Hui , Qin Zhaoyu , Xu Fujiang , Shen Dan , Wang Haixing , Guo Chunmei , Feng Jinwen , Liu Yang , Chen Weijie , Zhang Xue , Bai Lin , Tian Sha , Tan Subei , Xu Chen , Song Qi , Liu Yalan , Zhong Yunshi , Chen Tianyin , Zhou Pinghong , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Hou Yingyong , Ding Chen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of 756 trace-tumor-samples from 124 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma phase (ESCC) patients, covering 9 histopathological stages in 3 phases as nontumor phase (NT phase), intraepithelial neoplasia phase (IEN phase), and ESCC phase. Proteogenomics elucidated the stage-specific molecular characterization and defined the cancer-driving waves along with the mutation accumulation in EC progression. The integrated multi-omics uncovered the chromosome 3q gain was the key event in the transmit from the NT to IEN phase, disclosed the top mutation of TP53 enhanced cell cycle and DNA replication in the IEN phase, and revealed the ESCC phase mutations of AKAP9 and MCAF1 elevated glycolysis and Wnt signaling, respectively. Furthermore, the trajectory analysis identified 6 major tracks related to different clinical features during ESCC progression. Growingly enhanced and hyperphosphorylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1, S203) was detected and considered as a drug target in ESCC progression. Collectively, this study provides insight into the understanding of ESCC molecular mechanism and a valuable resource for the development of therapeutic targets.
MEK Pathway Inhibition Increases the Efficacy of a PI3K and HDAC Inhibitor in Endometrial Cancer Cells
Authors: Polymeros Konstantinos , Guttery David S. , Macip Salvador , Moss Esther L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynaecologic malignancy in many countries and its incidence is rising. Although excellent prognosis is associated with early stage disease, response to systemic treatment for metastatic or recurrent EC is often low and treatment options are limited.Aims-Methods: The aim of the study was to propose improved targeted drug treatments suitable for subsequent testing in pre-clinical models of EC. Cell proliferation assay (MTS) was used to assess viability of EC cell lines following treatment with drug inhibitors and Western blotting to explore the effect of inhibitors in molecular pathways. Results: We identified that CUDC-907, a PI3K and HDAC inhibitor, was the most effective monotherapy treatment of a panel of drugs screened in EC cells. Moreover, several combination treatments showed synergism in EC cell lines, with the most efficacious being CUDC-907 combined with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901. This indicates that simultaneous inhibition of two main oncogenic pathways, PI3K and MEK, could improve drug sensitivity in EC.Conclusions: In summary, we propose a range of targeted inhibitory drugs, alone or in combination, showing in vitro efficacy in endometrial cancer cells, which could provide novel therapeutic strategies for advanced EC.
Advantage and Disadvantage of Global and Local Climate Datasets on Modeling Species Distribution at Continental and Landscape Scales
Authors: Liao Chi-Cheng , CHANG Chi-Ru , CHEN Yi-Huey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Species distribution model based on global and local climate datasets were hypothesized to have advantages on projecting distribution range at continental and landscape scales, respectively. Random Forest (RF) and principle components analysis (PCA) aimed to project potential distribution range and to construct climate space of Bretschneidera sinensis in continental East Asia (CEA) and northern Taiwan (NTWN) based on the WorldClim and local climate datasets. Geographical extent of the endangered species at continental scale was available to be projected by RF based on the WorldClim dataset, whereas isolation and fragmentation of natural habitat had not been presented by the projection map in CEA. At landscape scale, projection map of RF in NTWN based on the WorldClim dataset presented gridded distribution far from empirical distribution pattern, while that based on local climate dataset presented a distribution pattern relevant to elevation and topography. PCA had revealed climate differentiation between continental and island populations. Evidently, local climate dataset is essential for identifying ecological adaptation of island population at geographical margin of the endangered species. Meteorological data interpolated and altitudinal adjusted by empirical elevation lapse rate calculated for each watershed had captured climate heterogeneity in mountainous area, whereas it generated huge number of gridded cells that is not available to expand this method to continental region. Global climate dataset has the advantage on modeling geographical extent of plant species at continental scale, while local climate dataset used for modelling species distribution enables conservationists to delineate reliable conservation areas in fragmented natural habitats at landscape scale.
Carbon Monoxide Modulation of Microglia-neuron Communication: Anti-neuroinflammatory and Neurotrophic Role
Authors: Soares Nuno L. , Paiva Inês , Bravo Joana , Queiroga Claudia S. F. , Melo Bernadete F. , Conde Silvia V. , Romão Carlos C. , Summavielle Teresa , Vieira Helena L.A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Microglia, the ‘resident immunocompetent cells’ of the central nervous system (CNS), are key players in innate immunity, synaptic refinement and homeostasis. Dysfunctional microglia contribute heavily to creating a toxic inflammatory milieu, a driving factor in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders. Therefore, strategies to modulate the microglial function are required to tackle exacerbated tissue inflammation. Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous gaseous molecule produced by the degradation of haem, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-homeostatic and cytoprotective roles, among others.ALF826A, a novel molybdenum-based CO-releasing molecule, was used for the assessment of neuron-microglia remote communication. Primary cultures of rat microglia and neurons, or the BV-2 microglial and CAD neuronal murine cell lines, were used to study the microglia-neuron interaction. An approach based on microglial-derived conditioned media in neuronal culture was applied. Medium derived from CO-treated microglia provided indirect neuroprotection against inflammation by limiting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of reactivity markers (CD11b), the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, nitrites). This consequently prevented neuronal cell death and maintained neuronal morphology In contrast, in the absence of inflammatory stimulus, conditioned media from CO-treated microglia improved neuronal morphological complexity, which is an indirect manner of assessing neuronal function. Likewise, the microglial medium also prevented neuronal cell death induced by pro-oxidant tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). ALF826 treatment reinforced microglia secretion of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and adenosine, mediators that may protect against t-BHP stress in this remote communication model. Chemical inhibition of the adenosine receptors A2A and A1 reverted the CO-derived neuroprotective effect, further highlighting a role for CO in regulating neuron-microglia communication via purinergic signalling.Our findings indicate that CO has a modulatory role on microglia-to-neuron communication, promoting neuroprotection in a non-cell autonomous manner. CO enhances the microglial release of neurotrophic factors and blocks exacerbated microglial inflammation. CO improvement of microglial neurotrophism under non-inflammatory conditions is here described for the first time.
High expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs are associated with chemoresistance and worse prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Tong Yilin , Zhao Zehua , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Wentao , Zhu Yanmei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
As neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has been successfully introduced in gastric cancer (GC), more biomarkers are needed to evaluate the efficacy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is associated with chemoresistance and prognosis. Three biomarkers, CD10, fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) and G-protein-coupled receptor 77 (GPR77), have been proved to express in CAFs. However, their predictive values for efficacy of NCT and prognosis in gastric cancer is unknown.
Methods
Totally, specimens of 171 locally advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent NCT and D2 radical gastrectomy and matched preoperative biopsy specimens were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor regression grade (TRG) is reevaluated according to Mandard TRG. Expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs before NCT (pre-) and after NCT (post-) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Survival curves on overall survival (OS) were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed by log-rank test. Associations between categorical variables were explored by chi-square test or Fisher's exact method. Univariable and multivariate analyses were performed by logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results
High expressions of post-CD10, post-FAP, post-GPR77 and pre-CD10 were related to worse TRG (all p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, post- and pre-FAP were independent predictive factors to TRG (p<0.010). Post-CD10 (p=0.032) and post-FAP (p=0.013) were related to OS in univariable analysis, but none of biomarkers were independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis.
Conclusions
Expressions of CD10, FAP and GPR77 in CAFs were related to chemoresistance and overall survival, and these biomarkers have predictive values for tumor regression and prognosis in locally advanced gastric cancer patients.
From biobank and data silos into a data commons: convergence to support translational medicine
Authors: Asiimwe Rebecca , Lam Stephanie , Leung Samuel , Wang Shanzhao , Wan Rachel , Tinker Anna , McAlpine Jessica N. , Woo Michelle , Huntsman David , Talhouk Aline 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To drive translational medicine, modern day biobanks need to integrate with other sources of data (clinical, genomics) to support novel data-intensive research. Currently, vast amounts of research and clinical data remain in silos, held and managed by individual researchers, operating under different standards and governance structures; a framework that impedes sharing and use of data. In this article, we describe the journey of British Columbia’s Gynecological Cancer Research Program (OVCARE) in moving a traditional tumour biobank, outcome unit, and a collection of data silos, into an integrated data commons to support data standardization, data, and resources sharing under collaborative governance, as a means of providing the gynecologic cancer research community in British Columbia access to tissue samples and associated clinical and molecular data from thousands of patients.
Results
Through several engagements with stakeholders from various research institutions within our research community, we identified priorities and assessed infrastructure needs required to optimize and support data collections, storage and sharing, under three main research domains: 1) biospecimen collections, 2) molecular and genomics data, and 3) clinical data. We further built a governance model and a resource portal to implement protocols and standard operating procedures for seamless collections, management and governance of interoperable data, making genomic, and clinical data available to the broader research community.
Conclusions
Proper infrastructures for data collection, sharing and governance is a translational research imperative. We have consolidated our data holdings into a data commons, along with standardized operating procedures to meet research and ethics requirements of the gynecologic cancer community in British Columbia. The developed infrastructure brings together, diverse data, computing framework, as well as tools and applications for managing, analyzing, and sharing data. Our data commons bridges data access gaps and barriers to precision medicine and approaches for diagnostics, treatment and prevention of gynecological cancers, by providing access to large datasets required for data-intensive science.
Sustainability of Biodiesel Production and Usage: The Case of Romania
Authors: Stanica-Ezeanu Dorin , Paunescu Loredana-Maria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of biodiesel, a renewable fuel used as a blending component in diesel fuel. This study describes the current situation in Romania where the European Union (EU) settlement regarding the blending ratio of biodiesel and compliance with environmental protection specifications are applied. The evaluation covers the whole biodiesel value chain, from rapeseed production through biodiesel synthesis and combustion.Results: Our evaluation process takes into account three elements of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social. The overall result of this research is that, despite Romania’s high potential for biodiesel production and use, the sustainability of biodiesel is low as a result of the Romania’s government strategy, combined with biodiesel prices on the international market and the interests of Romanian refinery owners.Conclusions: Our prediction is that the current situation will remain over the next decade, owing to economic factors such as the decline in rapeseed crops, a key raw material for biodiesel manufacturing, and the higher cost of biodiesel produced in Romania. Another factor could be Romania's implementation of EU regulations aimed at replacing diesel engines with electric ones. If this decision is implemented, diesel fuel and, implicitly, biodiesel will be phased out of the vehicle fuel market.
Refining Community Grid Management in Medium/High-Risk Regions when SARS-COV-2 Delta Variant Attack in Yangzhou: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zhu Pingting , Wu Qiwei , Liu Xinyi , Chen Chen , Ji Qiaoying , Xu Ting 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Community grid management has been proved to be effective in the outbreak, but previous studies have all been carried out in China's first-tier cities, while Yangzhou, as a second-tier city, seemed to have deficiencies in epidemic control. The aim of this research was to understand the experiences and feelings of residents and social workers in the grid, so as to develop more detailed community grid management strategies in the context of mandatory quarantine.Methods: Qualitative research was conducted with 21 residents and 10 social workers based on a semi-structured qualitative interview guide. Thematic analysis was employed to analysed data.Results: The outbreak has put pressure on both residents and social workers, and the implementation of community grid management has revealed many deficiencies, such as quarantine strategies, human resource management, material supply and information transmission. As the four overarching themes identified from the analysis: “inadequate quarantine strategies may create greater risks”, “human resource management in the grid is considered lagging”, “duplicate/missing information” and “another way to meet daily needs. Conclusions: This study used the perspective of residents and social workers within the grid to help explained why there was still confusion in the seemingly tight management. Analysed the quarantine strategy, human resources management, supply chain and information technology. Flexible and responsive community grid management was conducive to reducing the risk of transmission and economic losses.
Meteoric Beryllium-10 in Miocene permafrost and the onset of persistent polar aridity in East Antarctica
Authors: Verret Marjolaine , Trinh-Le Cassandra , Dickinson Warren , Norton Kevin , Lacelle Denis , Christl Marcus , Levy Richard , Naish Tim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Continental scale ice sheets have occupied Antarctica since the major global cooling across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary (~33.9 Ma). However, the timing and nature of the transition to a relatively stable and persistent terrestrial East Antarctic Ice Sheet that characterizes the modern environment remains disputed. Although proxy data show global surface temperatures remained significantly warmer through the late Miocene than today, the hypothesis that the upper elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys remained under a hyper-arid polar climate since the mid-Miocene has persisted. Here, we constrain the onset of polar aridity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region using meteoric Beryllium-10 as a tracer of water infiltration in mid-Miocene and late Quaternary-age soils at three sites situated >1000 m a.s.l.. Our results show that meteoric Beryllium-10 infiltrated the soils for a period after sediment emplacement ~15.0 – 14.0 Ma, terminating at ~6.0 Ma. Reconstruction of climate from paleo-active layer thickness and threshold of mobility of meteoric Beryllium-10 suggests that at 6.0 Ma, summer temperatures were 7 – 10°C with annual precipitation >10 mm. Polar aridity at high elevations has persisted since ~6.0 Ma, well after previous reconstructions (13.8 – 12.5 Ma). Together, our findings indicate that high elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys experienced interval(s) of warm-wet climate between ~14.0 – 6.0 Ma which reconciles observations of coastal warmth and reduced ice in the Ross Embayment.