bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industriousness and divergence: Living standards, housework and the Japanese diet in comparative historical perspective
Authors: Francks Penelope 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantitative comparisons of living standards across Eurasia continue to conclude that the eastern side of the “great divergence,” including Japan, lagged behind the leading regions of Europe from early‐modern times onwards. The “industrious revolution” model attributes this to the early spread in Europe of markets for labour and consumer goods. By contrast, in Japan, persistent household self‐sufficiency must have precluded improvements driven by market participation. However, qualitative evidence on the history of the now globally renowned Japanese diet reveals how a different dietary pattern, involving continued household‐based, non‐market production activities, might nonetheless have generated improved living standards, even if these are invisible to quantitative assessment.
The clinicopathologic and operative characteristics of patients with small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Ha SuHyeon , Song Ki Byung , Hong Sarang , Shin Dakyum , Park Yejong , Kwon Jaewoo , Lee Woohyung , Jun Eunsung , Lee Jae Hoon , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncidentally detected, small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐PNETs) are increasingly diagnosed on imaging modalities. This retrospective investigation evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics and perioperative and oncologic outcomes in patients with small NF‐PNETs undergoing curative resection.MethodsThe medical records of 444 patients who underwent pancreatic resection for NF‐PNETs at a single, large‐volume institution between January 2000 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into those with small (≤2 cm) and large (>2 cm) tumors based on the largest tumor diameter on preoperative computed tomography (CT). Outcomes were also evaluated in subgroups of patients with small NF‐PNET who did and did not undergo lymphadenectomy.ResultsOf the 444 patients with NF‐PNETs, 195 (43.9%) had small (≤2 cm) and 249 (56.1%) had large (>2 cm) NF‐PNETs. The rate of parenchyma‐preserving surgery (14.4% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.014) and the ratio of spleen preservation for left‐sided pancreatectomy (65.6% vs. 38.3%, p < 0.001) were higher in the small NF‐PNET group. Size on CT >2 cm (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR]: 5.836, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.474–13.769), presence of perineural invasion (p < 0.001, HR: 3.025, 95% CI: 1.640–5.577), World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 2 (p = 0.007, HR: 2.861, 95% CI: 1.325–6.176), and WHO Grade 3 (p < 0.001, HR: 11.537, 95% CI: 5.282–25.199) were independent predictors of disease‐free survival (DFS). DFS did not differ significantly in patients with small NF‐PNETs who did and did not undergo lymphadenectomy (p = 0.886).ConclusionsAssessment of long‐term oncologic outcomes suggests that surgical resection may cure small NF‐PNETs. Minimally invasive surgery and organ‐preserving surgery are acceptable treatment options for select patients with small NF‐PNETs. The effect on survival outcomes of lymph node dissection for small NF‐PNETs remains unclear.
Challenges parents encounter when implementing infant safe sleep advice
Authors: Cole Roni , Young Jeanine , Kearney Lauren , Thompson John M. D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo understand which safe sleep recommendations parents find most challenging to implement, identifying common barriers encountered; and investigate whether challenges are associated with practices employed.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 3341 Australian families with young infants who birthed a live baby during April–May 2017. Caregivers were asked about infant care practices and family characteristics. Qualitative free‐text items explored challenges faced with current safe sleep recommendations.ResultsNearly one‐third (n = 1033, 31%) of caregivers reported difficulty with at least one safe sleep recommendation. Infant sleep position and avoiding bed‐sharing were identified as the most challenging recommendations. Caregivers described barriers which influenced consistency in uptake of advice. Families who described difficulty with a recommendation were significantly less likely to consistently employ that advice compared to those who did not report difficulty (sleep position: 198/473,42% vs 2548/2837,90% [p < 0.0001]; own sleep space: (269/344,78% vs 1331/2884,46% [p < 0.0001]). When families encountered challenges, they often proposed alternate strategies with an inference their substitute action compensated potential increased risk.ConclusionMany families encounter difficulties implementing safe sleep advice; these challenges negatively impact care practices. Effective interventions meeting individual family needs, to provide safe sleep environments consistently, are necessary to improve sleep‐related infant care and further reduce infant mortality.
Biomed Europa: After the coronavirus, a public infrastructure to overcome the pharmaceutical oligopoly
Authors: Florio Massimo , Gamba Simona 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter a brief analysis of the causes underlying the failure of both governments and the pharma industry in terms of preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic, and after a discussion of further risks of health emergencies in the coming decades, this paper proposes a new public policy approach. The proposal aims at a major European initiative for the provision of research and development (R&D) in the biomedical field, based on public health priorities. A plan is discussed for an international, interconnected, transparent, science‐informed and publicly funded research infrastructure for pharmaceutical and biomedical research combined with a public enterprise: Biomed Europa. The proposed platform aims to identify research priorities in the public health sector, focusing its efforts on the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against those diseases that will pose the greatest threats to human and social welfare over future decades. Biomed Europa could be managed as both an international research infrastructure, along the model of CERN, or the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg) and as a knowledge‐intensive public enterprise with an industrial policy mission, such as the ESA (European Space Agency).
Searching for a “China model” along the Belt and Road
Authors: Skidmore David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile China's own leadership offers their country's economic success as a model for other developing countries, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is instead promoting a very different path of development. Differences between China's own experience and the BRI path are stark in terms of the timing of infrastructure development, the sources of financing, the political conditions surrounding infrastructure investment and the roles of manufacturing versus commodity exports. Yet the BRI does propagate a particular fragment of China's recent experience: a debt‐development complex featuring crony‐like relationships among policy banks, state‐owned construction firms and local/foreign governments. This nexus of interests promotes a risky and often unsustainable development path. The gap between promise and reality limits China's ability to promote a Sino‐centric world order while also suggesting the need for scholars to more carefully examine the social transmission belts through which great powers export fragments of their own political and economic structures abroad.
How financial institutions can serve the common good of society: Insights from Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Guitián Gregorio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the service of financial companies to society from the perspective of the Catholic Social Teaching (hereinafter CST), specifically regarding conflicts of interest between banks and their customers. The article begins with a case based on interviews with professionals in the financial sector, which provides the context for the CST’s contribution. The analysis of the aforementioned conflicts points to an apparent disconnect between service to society and service to customers. Thus, the bank would set aside the customer’s interests in exchange for a better service to society through good results. This article presents the CST’s normative framework to analyze this matter through some of the CST’s principles: the centrality of the person, the respect for her dignity, and the orientation to the common good. These principles and the CST’s ethical concept of service provide guidance in assessing these conflicts of interest. From an ethical point of view and according to CST, there cannot be a true service to society if the dignity of the client is not respected. It is necessary to review the organization’s incentive policy and level of awareness about the importance of customer service. We end with recommendations related to conflicts of interest with clients.
The effectiveness of schema therapy for patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Peeters Nancy , van Passel Boris , Krans Julie 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesWe reviewed the evidence regarding the effectiveness of schema therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsThis systematic review followed the recommendation of the PRISMA guidelines. A database search (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, and Academic Search Ultimate) was conducted to identify eligible studies up until 2 April 2021. The search included the keywords (‘schema therap*’ or ‘schema group therap*’ or ‘schema mode therap*’ or ‘schema focused’ or ‘young’s model’) and (‘anxiety disorder*’ or ‘anxiety‐related disorder*’ or ‘agoraphobia’ or ‘health anxiety’ or ‘phobi*’ or ‘panic disorder’ or ‘obsessive compulsive disorder’ or ‘OCD’ or ‘posttraumatic stress’ or ‘post traumatic stress’ or ‘PTSD’ or ‘hypochondria’ or ‘axis 1’). Included studies were appraised on methodological quality according to the Psychotherapy Outcome study Methodology Rating Form.ResultsWe identified 41 studies that were eligible based on the topic. However, only six (comprising 316 anxiety, OCD, and PTSD patients) could be included despite lenient methodological inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results showed that schema therapy can lead to beneficial effects in disorder‐specific symptoms and early maladaptive schemas. Yet, we also uncovered substantial methodological limitations in most studies.ConclusionsSchema therapy is a promising treatment for anxiety, OCD, and PTSD. Yet, there is a systematic problem in the quality of research despite growing clinical interest and application. We therefore concluded with a research agenda presenting recommendations for future research that will be crucial for building a solid evidence‐base for schema therapy in chronic anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.Practitioner points

A systematic review on the effectiveness of schema therapy for anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD.

Preliminary but limited evidence that schema therapy leads to beneficial effects in disorder‐specific symptoms.

Preliminary but limited evidence that schema therapy leads to beneficial effects in early maladaptive schemas in anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.

More research of higher methodological quality is needed to provide more conclusive empirical support for the use of schema therapy for anxiety, OCD, and PTSD.
Myelodysplastic syndromes with 20q deletion: incidence, prognostic value and impact on response to azacitidine of ASXL1 chromosomal deletion and genetic mutations
Authors: Martín Iván , Villamón Eva , Abellán Rosario , Calasanz Maria José , Irigoyen Aroa , Sanz Guillermo , Such Esperanza , Mora Elvira , Gutiérrez Míriam , Collado Rosa , García‐Serra Rocío , Vara Míriam , Blanco Mª Laura , Oiartzabal Itziar , Álvarez Sara , Bernal Teresa , Granada Isabel , Xicoy Blanca , Jerez Andrés , Calabuig Marisa , Diez Rosana , Gil Ángela , Díez-Campelo María , Solano Carlos , Tormo Mar ,   the Spanish Group of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (GESMD)
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the 20q deletion [del(20q)] may cause deletion of the ASXL1 gene. We studied 153 patients with MDS and del(20q) to assess the incidence, prognostic value and impact on response to azacitidine (AZA) of ASXL1 chromosomal alterations and genetic mutations. Additionally, in vitro assay of the response to AZA in HAP1 (HAP1WT) and HAP1 ASXL1 knockout (HAP1KN) cells was performed. ASXL1 chromosomal alterations were detected in 44 patients (28·5%): 34 patients (22%) with a gene deletion (ASXL1DEL) and 10 patients (6·5%) with additional gene copies. ASXL1DEL was associated with a lower platelet count. The most frequently mutated genes were U2AF1 (16%), ASXL1 (14%), SF3B1 (11%), TP53 (7%) and SRSF2 (6%). ASXL1 alteration due to chromosomal deletion or genetic mutation (ASXL1DEL/ASXL1MUT) was linked by multivariable analysis with shorter overall survival [hazard ratio, (HR) 1·84; 95% confidence interval, (CI): 1·11–3·04; P = 0·018] and a higher rate for acute myeloid leukaemia progression (HR 2·47; 95% CI: 1·07–5·70, P = 0·034). ASXL1DEL/ASXL1MUT patients were correlated by univariable analysis with a worse response to AZA. HAP1KN cells showed more resistance to AZA compared to HAP1WT cells. In conclusion, ASXL1 alteration exerts a negative impact on MDS with del(20q) and could become useful for prognostic risk stratification and treatment decisions.
Microglia activation in postmortem brains with schizophrenia demonstrates distinct morphological changes between brain regions
Authors: Gober Ryan , Ardalan Maryam , Shiadeh Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari , Duque Linda , Garamszegi Susanna P. , Ascona Maureen , Barreda Ayled , Sun Xiaoyan , Mallard Carina , Vontell Regina T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder that can include symptoms of disorganized speech and thoughts with uncertain underlying mechanisms possibly linked to over‐activated microglia. In this study, we used brain samples from sixteen donors with SCZ and thirteen control donors to assess the differential activation of microglia by quantifying density and 3D reconstruction of microglia stained with ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule‐1 (Iba1). Our samples consisted of sections from the frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter regions (SCWM), and included the anterior corpus callosum. In the first series of studies, we performed a density analysis followed by a spatial analysis to ascertain the microglial density, distribution, and soma size in SCZ brains. Second, we performed a series of morphological quantification techniques to investigate the arborization patterns of the microglia in SCZ. The results demonstrated an increase in microglia density in the cortical gray matter regions in SCZ cases, while in the SCWM, there was a significant increase in microglia density in the frontal and temporal, but not in the other brain regions of interest (ROIs). Spatial analysis using the “nearest neighbor” demonstrated that there was no effect in “clustering”, but there were shorter distances between microglia seen in the SCZ cases. The morphological measures showed that there was a region‐dependent increase in the microglia soma size in the SCZ cases while the Sholl analysis revealed a significant decrease in the microglia arborization in the SCZ cases across all the ROI’s studied. An in‐depth 3D reconstruction of microglia in Brodmann area 9 cortical region found that there was a significant association between age and reduced microglial arborization in the SCZ cases. This region‐dependent age association can help determine whether longitudinal changes in microglial activation across age are brain region‐dependent, which may point to potential therapeutic targets.
How wide is the gap? Examining gender income disparities among private career college graduates
Authors: Pizarro Milian Roger , Seward Brad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on gender wage gaps among recent graduates in Canada has ignored the private career college (PCC) sector. By virtue of the structure, composition and positioning of PCCs in Canada, along with the occupations they service, we argue that PCC graduates are an interesting population through which to study gender disparities. Drawing on an underutilized but rich dataset, we perform a series of exploratory multivariate analyses and estimate a gender income gap of approximately 5.3%. Though modest, this gap survives extensive robustness checks, with few notable exceptions. We theorize the implications of our findings for future policymaking and research.
The landscape of autosomal recessive variants in an isolated community: Implications for population screening for reproductive purposes
Authors: Khayat Morad , Danial‐Farran Nada , Chervinsky Elena , Zehavi Yoav , Peled‐Peretz Lilach , Gafni‐Amsalem Chen , Hakrosh Shadia , Abu‐Leil Zouabi Olfat , Tamir Liron , Mamlouk Efrat , Zlotogora Joël , Shalev Stavit A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a result of the preference for consanguineous/endogamous marriages, the Israeli Arab population is composed of isolated communities with relatively frequent autosomal recessive (AR) conditions in each community. Clinical diagnosis of affected individuals has uncovered the pathogenic variants throughout the years. We investigated the diversity of pathogenic AR variants in a single village in northern Israel by exome analysis of 50 random, healthy adults descendants of the founders. Only likely pathogenic and pathogenic variants in known AR genes were selected. In this study 48 AR variants were found, of which 12 had been previously diagnosed in patients from this village, and for 11 with a frequency compatible with the frequency already known. Among the other 36 variants, 12 had been previously diagnosed in affected individuals in other Arab communities in Israel and 24 variants had not been previously characterized in this population. Of the 35 variants associated with conditions of moderate–severe medical consequences, only eight were known previously in this village. These findings emphasize the importance to better delineate the conditions at risk in a defined community, in particular for the development of preventive measures such as screening tests for reproductive couples, and for genetic counseling.
Epileptic encephalopathy caused by ARV1 deficiency: Refinement of the genotype–phenotype spectrum and functional impact on GPI‐anchored proteins
Authors: Salian Smrithi , Scala Marcello , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai , Severino Mariasavina , Accogli Andrea , Amadori Elisabetta , Torella Annalaura , Pinelli Michele , Hudson Beth , Boothe Megan , Hurst Anna , Ben‐Omran Tawfeg , Larsen Martin J. , Fagerberg Christina R. , Sperling Lene , Miceikaite Ieva , Herissant Lucas , Doco‐Fenzy Martine , Jennesson Mélanie , Nigro Vincenzo , Striano Pasquale , Minetti Carlo , Sachdev Rani K. , Palmer Emma Elizabeth , Capra Valeria , Campeau Philippe M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly infantile epileptic encephalopathy 38 (EIEE38, MIM #617020) is caused by biallelic variants in ARV1, encoding a transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with a pivotal role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis. We ascertained seven new patients from six unrelated families harboring biallelic variants in ARV1, including five novel variants. Affected individuals showed psychomotor delay, hypotonia, early onset refractory seizures followed by regression and specific neuroimaging features. Flow cytometric analysis on patient fibroblasts showed a decrease in GPI‐anchored proteins on the cell surface, supporting a lower residual activity of the mutant ARV1 as compared to the wildtype. A rescue assay through the transduction of lentivirus expressing wild type ARV1 cDNA effectively rescued these alterations. This study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of the ARV1‐related encephalopathy, confirming the essential role of ARV1 in GPI biosynthesis and brain function.
Confirmatory psychometric evaluations of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life–Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL‐Lite‐CT)
Authors: Kolotkin Ronette L. , Williams Valerie S. L. , von Huth Smith Lisa , Meincke Henrik Hjorth , Qin Shanshan , Williams Nicole , Fehnel Sheri E. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Impact of Weight on Quality of Life–Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL‐Lite‐CT) was developed to assess weight‐related physical and psychosocial functioning in the context of clinical trials. Data from two pivotal trials of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide for the purpose of weight management (NCT03548935 and NCT03552757) were analysed to confirm the structure, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the IWQOL‐Lite‐CT and evaluate the magnitude of meaningful within‐patient change in patients with overweight or obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes. Factor analyses and inter‐item correlations confirmed the IWQOL‐Lite‐CT structure and scoring algorithm. Each composite score (physical, physical function, psychosocial, and total) demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas ≥ 0.82) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.85) in both trials. Patterns of cross‐sectional and longitudinal construct validity correlations were generally consistent with hypotheses. Each of the IWQOL‐Lite‐CT composites was able to discriminate between known groups. Effect sizes and paired t tests comparing IWQOL‐Lite‐CT scores at baseline and Week 68 were statistically significant for all composites in both trials (P < 0.0001), providing strong support for the ability to detect change. Results of anchor‐based analyses supported responder thresholds ranging from 13.5 to 16.6 across composite scores. The IWQOL‐Lite‐CT, a comprehensive assessment of weight‐related functioning from the patient perspective, is appropriate for use in clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of new treatments for weight management.
Variation in opioid prescribing patterns after abdominal transplant surgery
Authors: Sussman Jon , Calderon Esteban , Ubl Daniel S. , Croome Kristopher P. , Taner C. Burcin , Heimbach Julie K. , Moss Adyr , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Mathur Amit K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are associated with negative transplant outcomes. We sought to identify patient and center effects on over‐prescribing of opioids (> 200 OME (oral morphine equivalents)).Study designClinical and opioid prescription data (2014–2017) were collected from three academic transplant centers for kidney (KT), liver (LT), and simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant (SLK) patients. Multivariable models were used to identify predictors of opioid over‐prescribing at discharge and the occurrence of refill prescriptions at 90 days.ResultsThree‐thousand seven‐hundred and two patients underwent transplant in the cohort (KT: n = 2358, LT: n = 1221, SLK: n = 123). More than 80% of recipients were over‐prescribed opioids at discharge (Median OME (mOME) = 300 (IQR 225–375). LT and SLK had the largest prescription size (LT mOME 338 (IQR 300–450); SLK mOME 338 (IQR 225–450) and refill rate (LT: 64%, SLK 59%) (all, P < .001). Multivariable analysis indicated that transplant center was a significant predictor of opioid over‐prescription after KT and LT (all, P < .001); older age (in KT) and length of stay (LOS) (in LT) were protective factors (both, P < .05). Refill occurrence was associated with initial prescription size and was reduced by older age and initial LOS (all, P < .05).ConclusionsThe wide variation in opioid prescribing patterns has implications for transplant practice innovation, guideline development, and further study.