bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.1. Model of tax burden management of the company: problems and prospects
Authors: Журавлева И.А. , Назарова Н.А. , Еремин И.Р. 
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматривается введение научной философии в структурно-функциональную основу функционирования системономической модели управления и оценки налоговой нагрузки в структуре периодической системы специальных законов налогономии как встроенной модели развития налоговой системы, базирующейся на фундаментальных философских принципах. В научном исследовании рассматриваются теоретические аспекты и практические выводы взаимосвязи и взаимозависимости элементов оценки и управления налоговой нагрузкой в компании и на экономику. Рассмотрены философские принципы предлагаемой ситемономической модели управления и оценки налоговой нагрузки, определяющие расположение элементов и уровни развития в функционирующей налоговой системе на основе ретроспективного анализа эволюционирования научно-практических взглядов на управление и оценку налоговой нагрузки. Автор акцентирует внимание на трансформации налоговой системы на основе эффективного функционирования ее элементов, одними из которых являются управление и оценка налоговой нагрузки компании.
The article discusses the introduction of scientific philosophy into the structural and functional basis of the functioning of the system-economic model of management and assessment of the tax burden in the structure of the periodic system of special laws of taxonomy as a built-in model for the development of the tax system, based on fundamental philosophical principles. The scientific research examines the theoretical aspects and practical conclusions of the relationship and interdependence of the elements of assessment and management of the tax burden in the company and on the economy. The philosophical principles of the proposed systemonomical model of management and assessment of the tax burden, which determine the location of elements and levels of development in the functioning tax system, are considered on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the evolution of scientific and practical views on management and assessment of the tax burden (MATB). The author focuses on the transformation of the tax system based on the effective functioning of its elements, one of which is the management and assessment of the company's tax burden.
8.4. FINANCIAL SITUATION AND METHODS OF STATE INCENTIVES FOR MODERN SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Мельникова Ю.В. , Шохнех А.В. 
Published: January 2021

В статье раскрываются направления развития системы малых предприятий как основы государственной экономики, а также фокусируется внимание на ряде отрицательных моментов, которые деактивизируют малый бизнес, приводя к их ликвидации. В сложный кризисный период, когда субъекты малого бизнеса первыми оказались не готовы к экономической нестабильности, государство предлагает многокомпонентное решение в виде финансовых программ-поддержки. В статье выделены четыре группы программ, каждая из которых определяет свои приоритетные направления для активизации малых предприятий
The article reveals the directions of development of the system of small enterprises as the basis of the state economy, and also focuses on a number of negative aspects that deactivate small businesses, leading to their liquidation. In a difficult crisis period, when small businesses were the first to be unprepared for economic instability, the state offers a multi-component solution in the form of financial support programs. The article identifies four groups of programs, each of which defines its priority areas for the activation of small businesses.
Maternal and Cord Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Are Associated with Increased Cord Blood and Naive and Activated Regulatory T Cells: The Barwon Infant Study
Authors: Thorsen Steffen U. , Collier Fiona , Pezic Angela , O’Hely Martin , Clarke Michael , Tang Mimi L. K. , Burgner David , Vuillermin Peter , Ponsonby Anne-Louise ,   the Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Vitamin D has shown immune-modulatory effects but mostly in in vitro and animal studies. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important for a balanced immune system. The relationship between vitamin D on the number of circulating neonatal Treg is unclear. We sought to investigate the association between maternal and neonatal vitamin D metabolites and cord blood (CB) Treg subsets. In a cohort of Australian infants (n = 1074), recruited using an unselected antenatal sampling frame, 158 mother–infant pairs had data on the following: 1) 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) measures in both maternal peripheral blood (28- to 32-wk gestation) and infant CB; 2) proportions (percentage of CD4+ T cells) of CB Treg subsets (CD4+CD45RA+ FOXP3low naive Treg, and CD4+CD45RA− FOXP3high activated Treg [aTreg]); and 3) possible confounders, including maternal personal UV radiation. Multiple regression analyses were used. The median 25(OH)D3 was 85.4 and 50.7 nmol/l for maternal and CB samples, respectively. Higher maternal 25(OH)D3 levels were associated with increased CB naive Treg (relative adjusted mean difference [AMD] per 25 nmol/l increase: 5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1–9%), and aTreg (AMD per 25 nmol/l increase: 17%; 95% CI: 6–28%). Furthermore, a positive association between CB 25(OH)D3 levels and CB aTreg (AMD per 25 nmol/l increase: 29%; 95% CI: 13–48%) was also evident. These results persisted after adjustment for other factors such as maternal personal UV radiation and season of birth. 25(OH)D3, may play a role in the adaptive neonatal immune system via induction of FOXP3+ Tregs. Further studies of immune priming actions of antenatal 25(OH)D3 are warranted.
ADAP Y571 Phosphorylation Is Required to Prime STAT3 for Activation in TLR4-Stimulated Macrophages
Authors: Yang Naiqi , Xiong Yiwei , Wang Yan , Yi Yulan , Zhu Jingfei , Ma Feng , Li Jing , Liu Hebin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdhesion and degranulation–promoting adapter protein (ADAP), originally identified as an essential adaptor molecule in TCR signaling and T cell adhesion, has emerged as a critical regulator in innate immune cells such as macrophages; however, its role in macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses remains unknown. In this study, we show that ADAP plays an essential role in TLR4-mediated mouse macrophage polarization via modulation of STAT3 activity. Macrophages from ADAP-deficient mice exhibit enhanced M1 polarization, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and capacity in inducing Th1 responses, but decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR4 activation by LPS. Furthermore, overexpression of ADAP enhances, whereas loss of ADAP reduces, the LPS-mediated phosphorylation and activity of STAT3, suggesting ADAP acts as a coactivator of STAT3 activity and function. Furthermore, the coactivator function of ADAP mostly depends on the tyrosine phosphorylation at Y571 in the motif YDSL induced by LPS. Mutation of Y571 to F severely impairs the stimulating effect of ADAP on STAT3 activity and the ability of ADAP to inhibit M1-like polarization in TLR4-activated mouse macrophages. Moreover, ADAP interacts with STAT3, and loss of ADAP renders mouse macrophages less sensitive to IL-6 stimulation for STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings revealed an additional layer of regulation of TLR4-mediated mouse macrophage plasticity whereby ADAP phosphorylation on Y571 is required to prime STAT3 for activation in TLR4-stimulated mouse macrophages.
Novel SIRPα Antibodies That Induce Single-Agent Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells while Preserving T Cells
Authors: Andrejeva Gabriela , Capoccia Benjamin J. , Hiebsch Ronald R. , Donio Michael J. , Darwech Isra M. , Puro Robyn J. , Pereira Daniel S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα)/CD47 axis has emerged as an important innate immune checkpoint that enables cancer cell escape from macrophage phagocytosis. SIRPα expression is limited to macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils—cells enriched in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we present novel anti-SIRP Abs, SIRP-1 and SIRP-2, as an approach to targeting the SIRPα/CD47 axis. Both SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 bind human macrophage SIRPα variants 1 and 2, the most common variants in the human population. SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 are differentiated among reported anti-SIRP Abs in that they induce phagocytosis of solid and hematologic tumor cell lines by human monocyte-derived macrophages as single agents. We demonstrate that SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 disrupt SIRPα/CD47 interaction by two distinct mechanisms: SIRP-1 directly blocks SIRPα/CD47 and induces internalization of SIRPα/Ab complexes that reduce macrophage SIRPα surface levels and SIRP-2 acts via disruption of higher-order SIRPα structures on macrophages. Both SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 engage FcγRII, which is required for single-agent phagocytic activity. Although SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 bind SIRPγ with varying affinity, they show no adverse effects on T cell proliferation. Finally, both Abs also enhance phagocytosis when combined with tumor-opsonizing Abs, including a highly differentiated anti-CD47 Ab, AO-176, currently being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials, NCT03834948 and NCT04445701. SIRP-1 and SIRP-2 are novel, differentiated SIRP Abs that induce in vitro single-agent and combination phagocytosis and show no adverse effects on T cell functionality. These data support their future development, both as single agents and in combination with other anticancer drugs.
Different Interset Rest Intervals During the Nordic Hamstrings Exercise in Young Male Athletes
Authors: Drury Benjamin , Peacock Dan , Moran Jason , Cone Chris , Campillo Rodrigo Ramirez 
Published: January 2021

Context
The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is known to reduce hamstrings injury risk in athletes. To optimize the NHE, it is important to understand how acute resistance-training variables influence its performance.

Objective
To examine the effects of different interset rest intervals (ISRIs) on force indices during performance of the NHE.

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Ten well-trained, young, male, team-sport athletes (age = 20.7 ± 2.3 years, height = 179.4 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 83.9 ± 12.4 kg).

Intervention(s)
Participants performed 2 sets of 6 repetitions of the NHE with either a 1- or 3-minute ISRI. All sets were performed using the NordBord.

Main Outcomes Measure(s)
Peak force (newtons), average force (newtons), percentage maintenance, and percentage decline were recorded for both the dominant and nondominant limbs, and interlimb force asymmetries (percentages) were calculated.

Results
No interactions or main effects (P &gt; .05) were present between conditions or sets for any variables. However, individual repetitions showed reductions (P&lt; .05; effect size range = 0.58–1.28) in peak force from repetition 4 onward.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a 1-minute ISRI was sufficient to maintain force-production qualities and interlimb asymmetries between sets during the NHE in well-trained athletes. Nonetheless, practitioners should be aware of the potentially large decrements in peak force production that may occur within the set.
Phase IIb trial comparing two concurrent
cisplatin schedules in locally advanced head and
neck cancer
Authors: Nair Lekha Madhavan , Kumar R. Rejnish , Thomachan Kainickal Cessal , Rafi Malu , George Preethi Sara , Krishna K.M. Jagathnath , Ramadas Kunnambath 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Concurrent chemoradiation
with 3 weekly cisplatin (100 mg/m2) is the
standard of care for locally advanced head and
neck cancer. However, this regimen has been shown
to be associated with lesser compliance and higher
toxicities. Hence, there is a need to explore
alternative concurrent cisplatin regimens.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to
compare the efficacy and toxicities of 3 weekly
cisplatin (100 mg/m2) with weekly cisplatin (40
mg/m2) concurrently with radiation in patients
with locally advanced head and neck cancer.
Patients and Methods: This phase IIb trial
randomized 56 patients with Stage III and IV
squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx,
hypopharynx, and larynx to Arm A or Arm B. Arm A
received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 3 weekly and Arm B
received cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly concurrently
with radiation. The primary end point was
disease-free survival (DFS) and secondary end
points were overall survival (OS) and acute
toxicity. DFS and OS were estimated using
Kaplan–Meier method, and log-rank test was used to
assess the difference in these distributions with
respect to treatment. Results: The 2-year DFS in
Arm A and Arm B was 64.5% and 52.8%, respectively
(P = 0.67). The OS at 2 years was 71% and 61.1% in
Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.61). There
were no significant differences in acute
hematological, renal, or mucosal toxicities
between the two arms. Conclusion: This study
showed a nonsignificant improvement in DFS and OS
in the 3 weekly cisplatin arm over the weekly arm
with comparable toxicities. The trial is
registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India
(CTRI registration number: CTRI/2013/05/003703,
URL-http://ctri.nic.in).
Megakaryocytic morphology in Janus kinase 2
V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Ghai Shuchi , Rai Sharada 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context: Alterations in megakaryocyte
morphology are the hallmark of myeloproliferative
neoplasms (MPNs). These neoplasm are also
associated with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F
mutation in nearly 95% patients with polycythemia
vera (PV), 40% patients of essential
thrombocythemia (ET) and 50% patients of
myelofibrosis (MF). The utility of megakaryocyte
morphology in these disorders in correlation with
JAK2 V617F remains unresolved. Aims: The aim of
the study was to assess the morphology of
megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) and
bone marrow biopsies of patients of BCR-ABL
negative MPNs with JAK2 V617F mutation. Settings
and Design: This study was a retrospective and
prospective, hospital-based study undertaken for a
period ranging from January 2011 to April 2015.
Subjects and Methods: Assessment of morphological
features of megakaryocytes in 15 BMAs and their
respective biopsies which included seven cases of
PV, three cases of ET, and five cases of MF with
JAK2 V617F mutation. Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to
compare the different features of megakaryocytes.
Software version SPSS 13.0 was used. Results:
Megakaryocytes in ET were found to have
characteristically large size with staghorn
multinucleated nuclei and exhibiting large amount
of cytoplasm. MF showed dense clustering of
megakaryocytes with staghorn nucleus along with
sinusoidal dilatation and intrasinusoidal
hematopoiesis. PV showed loose and dense
clustering of megakaryocytes with a predominance
of cloud-like nuclei. Few of the megakaryocytic
morphologic features showed overlap between MF and
PV and between ET and early MF. Conclusions:
Megakaryocytic morphology can aid in the accurate
diagnosis of the different subcategories of MPNs.
This would help in categorization of clinically
suspicious patients of JAK2 V617F negative
patients.
Analysis of Top ten-Cited Articles Published in the Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons Over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Dhua Anjan Kumar , Jain Divya , Goel Prabudh , Jain Vishesh , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Bajpai Minu 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
The objective was to identify, analyze, and categorize the characteristics (the type of article, country of origin, institution, authorship, topic, and the number of citations) of the articles published in the Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons (JIAPS) from 2008 to 2017, with particular focus on the top ten-cited articles.

Materials and Methods:
The above characteristics of the individual articles were tabulated in the Microsoft Excel® sheet. The number of citations of an article was obtained from three databases (CrosssRef, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar). A final tally was obtained after removing common entries in the databases.

Results:
The total number of articles published was 613. There were 255 case reports, 209 original articles and review articles, and 149 brief communications. The top five countries of origin of the articles were India, United Kingdom (UK), Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, with 526, 14, 9, 7, and 6 articles, respectively. The institution, authorship, and topics of the top ten-cited articles were noted.

Conclusion:
Case reports are the most common type of articles published in JIAPS. Most of the articles originated from India, followed by the UK and middle-east countries. This analysis may provide insights to the editorial board and the members of IAPS about the trend of research and publications among the pediatric surgeons of India.
Factors Accountable for Unabated Obstruction Following Pyeloplasty
Authors: Chatterjee Uday Sankar , Basu Ashoke Kumar , Mitra Debashis , Chatterjee Subir Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
Split renal function (SFR) and frusemide washout (FWO) are assessed by the DTPA renogram to measure the renal parenchymal functions as well as the evidence of obstruction, both for diagnosis and to treat the pelviureteric junction obstruction. In good number of renal units, both these parameters remain unaltered even after surgery and cause anguish to parents and referring physicians and are usually attributed toward “defective pyeloplasty.” In this study, we have tried to single out the bona fide responsible factor for the bad outcome; either the nonreversible kidney or the restenosis of pyeloplasty.

Patients and Methods:
We studied file of 69 patients in whom a double “J” (DJ) stent was left in situ for internal drainage for a duration of 8 weeks in the postoperative period. DTPA scans were performed preoperative, at 8 weeks with a stent in place, and at 12 and 24 months postremoval of the stent to assess renal function.

Results:
In our study, 45 patients (65.2%) showed improvement either in SRF or in FWO or in both after 8 weeks following pyeloplasty and 24 of 69 units (34.8%) did not show any change in renal function with DJ stent in place. Only in six units (8.7%), out of 69 units had deterioration of renal function after removal of DJ stent.

Conclusions:
In our opinion, no improvement of renal function found in 24 units (34.8%) even with internal drainage with DJ indicates irreversible renal damage. In 45 units (65.2%), renal function reversed after pyeloplasty and DJ stent. However, after the removal of the DJ, functions deteriorated in six units (8.7%) due to restenosis following pyeloplasties.
Supramaximal Recession and Resection Surgery in Large-Angle Strabismus
Authors: Talebnejad Mohammad Reza , Johari Mohammad Karim , Khalili Mohammad R , Zare Mousa 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To assess the postoperative surgical outcomes and the changes in deviation in patients treated by supramaximal recession and resection (R&R) of rectus muscles to correct the large-angle exotropia and esotropia.

Methods:
This study was a prospective interventional case series, and patients with esotropia of ≥65 prism diopter (PD) or exotropia of ≥60 PD who had undergone supermaximal R&R in non-fixating eye with lower vision in unilateral strabismus or bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession up to 8.5 mm for esotropia and bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession up to 12.5 mm for exotropia in bilateral strabismus were enrolled. Successful results were achieved if postoperation deviation was <10 PD for esotropia and <15 PD for exotropia during their final examinations.

Results:
A total of 131 cases (48 patients with esotropia and 83 patients with exotropia) were included. The mean ages of the patients with esotropia and exotropia were 16.83 ± 15.06 and 23.19 ± 11.29 years, respectively. The mean preoperative esodeviations for bilateral and unilateral surgeries were 69.5 ± 6.5 and 80.7 ± 10.3, respectively, and these values for bilateral and unilateral exodeviations surgeries were 67.3 ± 7.6 and 74.2 ± 12.1, respectively. The overall successful outcomes were achieved in 50% of the esotropic patients and 79.5% of the exotropic patients. At final follow-up examination, no patient had diplopia on lateral gazes.

Conclusion:
Based on our surgical results, it is possible to consider monocular recession-resection surgery in non-fixating eye (with poor vision) or BLR and BMR recession in both eyes as a viable option for surgical treatment of large angles deviations.
Evaluation of the Initial Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Anticipating the Final Visual Outcome of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Ozer Muhammet Derda , Batur Muhammed , Mesen Selma , Tekin Serek , Seven Erbil 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the predictive and associated factors in determining the visual outcome in patients having central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)-related macular edema (ME).

Methods:
The charts of the patients who were treated due to CRVO-related visual disturbance were reviewed. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of eyes were analyzed, and disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRILs), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption length, hyper-reflectivity of retinal inner layer (HRIL) existence, baseline and final visual acuity (VA), subfoveal thickness (SFT), subretinal fluid (SRF), and injection numbers were noted. The regression and correlation analyses were applied.

Results:
Thirty eyes of thirty patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up time was 17.5 ± 11 (8–47) months. The mean baseline VA was 1.4 ± 0.7 (0.2–3.1) logMAR. A total of 87 intravitreal injections were applied for the treatment of ME during the follow-up. The initial mean central subfield thickness was 795 ± 264 (1470–398) μm. HRIL and SRF were observed in 16 and 23 eyes at the initial visit, respectively. The final mean VA was 1.2 ± 0.9 (0.1–3.1) logMAR. At the final visit, additional OCT parameters were evaluated. The mean DRIL length was 463 ± 324 μm. The mean disruption length of EZ and ELM was 367 ± 247 μm and 414 ± 327 μm, respectively. The final mean SFT was 290 ± 91 μm. SRF presence at the initial visit was found to be associated with elongated EZ and ELM disruption length at the final visit (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). On linear regression analyses, none of the baseline features (SRF, SFT, and HRIL) except baseline poor best corrected visual acuity were found to be predictive in anticipating the final visual outcome (P = 0.04). On linear bivariate analysis, the final poor visual outcome was found to be affected by EZ disruption length of ≥500 μm at the last visit (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Baseline VA was the only predictive factor in anticipating the final visual outcome. At the final visit, extensive disruption length of EZ in the subfoveal area was associated with a poor visual outcome.