bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulk entropy is crucial to validate the second law of the extended black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Dai De-Chang , Minic Djordje , Stojkovic Dejan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The extended black hole thermodynamics in which the cosmological constant plays the role of pressure significantly enriches the phase structure of the theory. In order to understand the extended black hole thermodynamics more precisely, we let the value of the cosmological constant vary dynamically via tunneling from one vacuum to another in a black hole induced vacuum decay. In this process, entropy of the matter/energy released by a black hole is crucial to validate the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, without taking this bulk entropy into account, entropy associated with the black hole and cosmological horizons may not always increase. Since the bulk entropy is not represented by the black hole and the cosmological horizons, this result calls for a more careful interpretation of the holographic principle in which environmental effects are taken into account.
TM4SF5-mediated liver malignancy involves NK cell exhaustion-like phenotypes
Authors: Sun Hyunseung , Kim Eunmi , Ryu Jihye , Lee Hyejin , Shin Eun-Ae , Lee Minhyeong , Lee Haesong , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Song Dae-Geun , Kim Semi , Lee Jung Weon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAberrant extracellular matrix and immune cell alterations within the tumor microenvironment promote the pathological progression of liver carcinogenesis. Although transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in liver fibrosis and cancer, its mechanism avoiding immune surveillance during carcinogenesis remains unknown. We investigated how TM4SF5-mediated signaling caused immune evasion using in vitro primary cells and in vivo liver tissues from genetic or chemically induced mouse models. TM4SF5-transgenic and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer mouse models exhibited fibrotic and cancerous livers, respectively, with enhanced TM4SF5, pY705STAT3, collagen I, and laminin γ2 levels. These TM4SF5-mediated effects were abolished by TM4SF5 inhibitor, 4′-(p-toluenesulfonylamido)-4-hydroxychalcone (TSAHC). TM4SF5-dependent tumorigenesis involved natural killer (NK) cell exhaustion-like phenotypes including the reduction of NK cell number or function, which were blocked with TSAHC treatment. TM4SF5 expression in cancer cells downregulated stimulatory ligands and receptors for NK cell cytotoxicity, including SLAMF6, SLAMF7, MICA/B, and others. TM4SF5 suppression or inhibition reduced STAT3 signaling activity and recovered the receptor levels and NK cell surveillance, leading to reduced fibrotic and cancerous phenotypes, and longer survival. Altogether, these findings suggest that TM4SF5-mediated STAT3 activity for extracellular matrix modulation is involved in the progression of liver disease to HCC and that TM4SF5 appears to suppress NK cells during liver carcinogenesis.
Patterns of resemblance and Bachmann-Howard fixed points
Authors: Freund Anton 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTimothy Carlson’s patterns of resemblance employ the notion of $$\Sigma _1$$

Σ
1

-elementarity to describe large computable ordinals. It has been conjectured that a relativization of these patterns to dilators leads to an equivalence with $$\Pi ^1_1$$

Π
1
1

-comprehension (Question 27 of A. Montalbán’s “Open questions in reverse mathematics”, Bull. Symb. Log. 17(3)2011, 431-454). In the present paper we prove this conjecture. The crucial direction of the equivalence (towards $$\Pi ^1_1$$

Π
1
1

-comprehension) is reduced to a previous result of the author, which is concerned with relativizations of the Bachmann-Howard ordinal.
Rank and border rank of Kronecker powers of tensors and Strassen's laser method
Authors: Conner Austin , Gesmundo Fulvio , Landsberg Joseph M. , Ventura Emanuele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove that the border rank of the Kronecker square of the little Coppersmith–Winograd tensor $$T_{cw,q}$$

T

c
w
,
q

is the square of its border rank for $$q > 2$$

q
>
2

and that the border rank of its Kronecker cube is the cube of its border rank for $$q > 4$$

q
>
4

. This answers questions raised implicitly by Coppersmith & Winograd (1990, §11)
and explicitly by Bläser (2013, Problem 9.8) and rules out the possibility of proving new upper bounds on the exponent of matrix multiplication using the square or cube of a little Coppersmith–Winograd tensor in this range.In the positive direction, we enlarge the list of explicit tensors potentially useful for Strassen's laser method, introducing a skew-symmetric version of the Coppersmith–Winograd tensor, $$T_{skewcw,q}$$

T

s
k
e
w
c
w
,
q

. For $$q = 2$$

q
=
2

, the Kronecker square of this tensor coincides with the $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

determinant polynomial, $$\det_{3} \in \mathbb{C}^{9} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{9} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{9}$$

det
3

∈

C

9

⊗

C

9

⊗

C

9

, regarded as a tensor. We show that this tensor could potentially be used to show that the exponent of matrix multiplication is two.We determine new upper bounds for the (Waring) rank and the (Waring) border rank of $$\det_3$$

det
3

, exhibiting a strict submultiplicative behaviour for $$T_{skewcw,2}$$

T

s
k
e
w
c
w
,
2

which is promising for the laser method.We establish general results regarding border ranks of Kronecker powers of tensors, and make a detailed study of Kronecker squares of tensors in $$\mathbb{C}^{3} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{3} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{3}$$

C

3

⊗

C

3

⊗

C

3

.
MRI follow-up for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: an ultrashort versus long protocol
Authors: Johansson Katarina , Mustonen Harri , Nieminen Heini , Haglund Caj , Lehtimäki Tiina E. , Seppänen Hanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether an ultrashort-protocol (USP) MRI including only T2-weighted HASTE axial and 3D MRCP SPACE sequences adequately measures the largest diameter of the largest cyst and the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and identifies worrisome features (WF) and high-risk stigmata (HRS) when compared to longer protocols (LP, long protocol; SP, short protocol; S-LP, short or long protocol). We also calculated reductions in costs associated with USP.

Methods
This retrospective study included 183 IPMN patients. Two radiologists compared two imaging sets (USP versus S-LP) per patient, comparing the mean values of the largest cyst and MPD and agreement regarding the presence or absence of cystic or MPD mural nodules and solid pancreatic tumors. The interobserver agreement for cystic mural nodules and WF/HRS was evaluated, using the Bland-Altman plot and Cohen’s Kappa.

Results
A total of 112 IPMN patients were evaluated. For detecting cysts or MPD nodules, WF/HRS, and solid pancreatic tumors, USP and S-LP coincided in 94.9%, 99.1%, 92.4%, and 99.1% of cases, respectively. Both USP and S-LP identified all true cystic mural nodules. The mean size of the largest cyst and MPD was 19.48/19.67 mm and 3.24/3.33 mm using USP versus S-LP, while the mean differences for USP versus S-LP were 0.19 mm and 0.08 mm. The USP cost was 39% of LP cost and 77% of SP. Interobserver agreement was moderate to strong.

Conclusions
For IPMN surveillance, an ultrashort-protocol MRI provides nearly identical information to the more expensive longer protocols.

Graphical abstract
Zusammenarbeit mit klinischen Auftragsforschungsinstituten
Authors: Adorf Adeline , Lorenz Katrin , Feltgen Nicolas , Wilhelm Barbara ,   die AG DOG Klinische Studienzentren, Peters Tobias , Pielen Amelie , Böhringer Daniel , Seger Dorina , Wozar Fabian , Otto Stefanie , Petermann Kerstin , Molnar Fanni , Holz Frank , Schüttauf Frank , Laure Ieva , Beck Anna , Fornoff Luise , Dona Frau , Hinzelmann Lisa , Liegl Raffael , Dulz Simon , Grohmann Carsten , Winterhalder Stephanie , Allgeier Katharina , Subottin Dimitrij , Mangold Anna , Choritz Lars , Kreis Stefan , Eter Nicole , Kellner Ulrich , Lang Monica , Gamulescu Andreea , Tamm Svenja , Ziemssen Focke , Kallus Katarzyna , Aisenbrey Sabine , Seitz Immanuel , Lengnink Tanja , Kahle Nadine , Bajor Anna , von Livonius Bettina , Rehak Matus , Guthoff Rainer , Hofmann Martina , Ehlken Christoph , Koschinski Andrea , Spital Georg , Schargus Marc , Khoramnia Ramin , Enders Philip , Altay Lebriz , Prinz Beate 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungKlinische Studien mit Arzneimitteln oder Medizinprodukten stellen zunehmend komplexe Anforderungen an Sponsoren und beteiligte Zentren. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten delegieren Sponsoren regulatorische sowie organisatorische Studienaufgaben zunehmend an medizinische Auftragsinstitute (engl. Clinical Research Organisation [CRO]). In der Regel sind diese Unternehmen die Hauptschnittstelle für die Zusammenarbeit mit den beteiligten Studienzentren. Hauptzweck der Mitwirkung ist die Unterstützung der Studienzentren zur Erzielung einer maximalen Studienqualität. Die in der Arbeitsgemeinschaft DOG Klinische Studienzentren verbundenen Studienzentren beobachten unterschiedliche Erfahrungen in der Zusammenarbeit mit CROs. Solche Erfahrungen sollen künftig systematisch an den beteiligten Zentren erfasst und vom Leiter der klinischen Studie ausgewertet werden. Die Spiegelung dieser Erfahrungen an die jeweiligen Auftragsinstitute und die sie beauftragenden Sponsoren kann in der Zukunft zur Qualität der Unterstützung durch CROs und damit zur Studienqualität beitragen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt vor, welche Bereiche der Zusammenarbeit im Fragebogen erfasst und analysiert werden.
Dynamic changes in the association between maternal mRNAs and endoplasmic reticulum during ascidian early embryogenesis
Authors: Goto Toshiyuki , Torii Shuhei , Kondo Aoi , Kawakami Junji , Yagi Haruka , Suekane Masato , Kataoka Yosky , Nishikata Takahito 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAxis formation is one of the most important events occurring at the beginning of animal development. In the ascidian egg, the antero-posterior axis is established at this time owing to a dynamic cytoplasmic movement called cytoplasmic and cortical reorganisation. During this movement, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and maternal mRNAs (postplasmic/PEM RNAs) are translocated to the future posterior side. Although accumulating evidence indicates the crucial roles played by the asymmetrical localisation of these organelles and the translational regulation of postplasmic/PEM RNAs, the organisation of ER has not been described in sufficient detail to date owing to technical difficulties. In this study, we developed three different multiple staining protocols for visualising the ER in combination with mitochondria, microtubules, or mRNAs in whole-mount specimens. We defined the internally expanded “dense ER” using these protocols and described cisterna-like structures of the dense ER using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy. Most importantly, we described the dynamic changes in the colocalisation of postplasmic/PEM mRNAs and dense ER; for example, macho-1 mRNA was detached and excluded from the dense ER during the second phase of ooplasmic movements. These detailed descriptions of the association between maternal mRNA and ER can provide clues for understanding the translational regulation mechanisms underlying axis determination during ascidian early embryogenesis.
Closure of German Hard Coal Mines: Effects and Legal Aspects of Mine Flooding
Authors: Stemke Marion , Wieber Georg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing the closure of the last hard coal mines in Germany, pumping is no longer necessary. However, the resulting rise of mine water can affect the environment. Laws have been enacted at the European and national level to protect properties. Within the framework of the approval procedure, it must be determined whether the cessation of pumping may cause unacceptable effects, including water pollution. With regard to water protection, the European Union has issued the Water Framework and Groundwater Directives, which have been implemented into German national law. These contain the prohibition of deterioration and the requirement for improvement, with the aim of maintaining or achieving good ecological and chemical status. However, before the target mine water level is reached, the water does not need to comply, since although the pumps are switched off, no mine water is being discharged. This also rules out permit requirements, which only go into effect when the target mine water level has been reached and mine water is discharging. Obviously, however, detailed planning before then is necessary.
Models: the fourth dimension of computer science
Authors: Thalheim Bernhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModels are a universal instrument in science, technology, and daily life. They function as instruments in almost every scenario. Any human activity can be (and is) supported by models, e.g. reason, explain, design, act, predict, explore, communicate, collaborate, interact, orient, direct, guide, socialises, perceive, reflect, develop, making sense, teach, learn, imagine, etc. This universal suitability is also the basis for a wide use of models and modelling in Computer Science and Engineering. We claim that models form the fourth dimension in Computer Science. This paper sketches and systematises the main ingredients of the study model and modelling.
Defining the landscape of metabolic dysregulations in cancer metastasis
Authors: Abdul Kader Sara , Dib Shaima , Achkar Iman W. , Thareja Gaurav , Suhre Karsten , Rafii Arash , Halama Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetastasis is the primary cause of cancer related deaths due to the limited number of efficient druggable targets. Signatures of dysregulated cancer metabolism could serve as a roadmap for the determination of new treatment strategies. However, the metabolic signatures of metastatic cells remain vastly elusive. Our aim was to determine metabolic dysregulations associated with high metastatic potential in breast cancer cell lines. We have selected 5 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines including three with high metastatic potential (HMP) (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468) and two with low metastatic potential (LMP) (BT549, HCC1143). The normal epithelial breast cell line (hTERT-HME1) was also investigated. The untargeted metabolic profiling of cells and growth media was conducted and total of 479 metabolites were quantified. First we characterized metabolic features differentiating TNBC cell lines from normal cells as well as identified cell line specific metabolic fingerprints. Next, we determined 92 metabolites in cells and 22 in growth medium that display significant differences between LMP and HMP. The HMP cell lines had elevated level of molecules involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle and lipid metabolism. We identified metabolic advantages of cell lines with HMP beyond enhanced glycolysis by pinpointing the role of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism as well as molecules supporting coagulation and platelet activation as important contributors to the metastatic cascade. The landscape of metabolic dysregulations, characterized in our study, could serve as a roadmap for the identification of treatment strategies targeting cancer cells with enhanced metastatic potential.
Statistical study of thermoradiative and photovoltaic cells based on a two-level model
Authors: Fernández J. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe use a two-level energy model to understand the conversion process that takes place in thermoradiative cells and to compare it with the conversion process that happens in photovoltaic cells. In this way, we show that in both kinds of converters the conversion process can be studied as the succession of a change in the populations of the levels that occur at constant chemical potential and a change in the value of the chemical potential of the two levels that happens while keeping their populations constant. As an application of the model, we will discuss why in thermoradiative cells the open-circuit voltage is negative while it is positive in photovoltaic cells. We also show that the expression for the open-circuit voltage is the same in both kinds of cells but that due to the values of the temperatures it is negative in thermoradiative cells and positive in photovoltaic ones.
Can activated titanium interbody cages accelerate or enhance spinal fusion? a review of the literature and a design for clinical trials
Authors: Toop Nathaniel , Gifford Connor , Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh , Farzadi Arghavan , Boulter Daniel , Forghani Reza , Farhadi H. Francis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile spinal interbody cage options have proliferated in the past decade, relatively little work has been done to explore the comparative potential of biomaterial technologies in promoting stable fusion. Innovations such as micro-etching and nano-architectural designs have shown purported benefits in in vitro studies, but lack clinical data describing their optimal implementation. Here, we critically assess the pre-clinical data supportive of various commercially available interbody cage biomaterial, topographical, and structural designs. We describe in detail the osteointegrative and osteoconductive benefits conferred by these modifications with a focus on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium (Ti) interbody implants. Further, we describe the rationale and design for two randomized controlled trials, which aim to address the paucity of clinical data available by comparing interbody fusion outcomes between either PEEK or activated Ti lumbar interbody cages. Utilizing dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), these studies will evaluate the relative implant-bone integration and fusion rates achieved by either micro-etched Ti or standard PEEK interbody devices. Taken together, greater understanding of the relative osseointegration profile at the implant–bone interface of cages with distinct topographies will be crucial in guiding the rational design of further studies and innovations.
Mechanical, Thermal and Microstructural Characteristic of 3D Printed Polylactide Composites with Natural Fibers: Wood, Bamboo and Cork
Authors: Mazur Karolina E. , Borucka Aleksandra , Kaczor Paulina , Gądek Szymon , Bogucki Rafał , Mirzewiński Dariusz , Kuciel Stanisław 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the study, polylactide-based (PLA) composites modified with natural particles (wood, bamboo, and cork) and with different levels of infilling (100%, 80%, and 60%) obtained by fused deposition modeling were tested. The effect of fiber type, infill level and crystallization rate on the mechanical properties were investigated by using tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The materials were subjected to mechanical tests carried out at 23 and 80 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry were employed to analyze crystallization behavior of composite. Furthermore, hydrothermal degradation was performed, and its effect on the properties was analyzed. The addition of natural fillers and different levels of infilling result in a similar level of reduction in the properties. However, the addition of natural fillers resulted in a slightly lower drop than the lowered infilling rate − 40% and 50% for tensile strength, respectively. Moreover, it was found that, composites made of PLA are more sensitive to high temperatures than to water. The decrease in Young's modulus of PLA at 80 °C was 90%, while after 28 days of hydrodegradation ~ 9%. The addition of fibers reduced this decrease at elevated temperatures. Importantly, in the case of a brittle material such as PLA, the impact strength has been improved by 50% for composites with cork particles and other lignocellulosic composites remained at the same level as for resin. Generally, the thermal treatment of composites increased the degree of crystallinity of the materials, as reflected in the higher results of mechanical tests.
Late Holocene environmental change in Celestun Lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Hardage Kyle , Street Joseph , Herrera-Silveira Jorge A. , Oberle Ferdinand K. J. , Paytan Adina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpikarst estuary response to hydroclimate change remains poorly understood, despite the well-studied link between climate and karst groundwater aquifers. The influence of sea-level rise and coastal geomorphic change on these estuaries obscures climate signals, thus requiring careful development of paleoenvironmental histories to interpret the paleoclimate archives. We used foraminifera assemblages, carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) and carbon:nitrogen (C:N) mass ratios of organic matter in sediment cores to infer environmental changes over the past 5300 years in Celestun Lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico. Specimens (> 125 µm) from modern core top sediments revealed three assemblages: (1) a brackish mangrove assemblage of agglutinated Miliammina and Ammotium taxa and hyaline Haynesina (2) an inner-shelf marine assemblage of Bolivina, Hanzawaia, and Rosalina, and (3) a brackish assemblage dominated by Ammonia and Elphidium. Assemblages changed along the lagoon channel in response to changes in salinity and vegetation, i.e. seagrass and mangrove. In addition to these three foraminifera assemblages, lagoon sediments deposited since 5300 cal yr BP are comprised of two more assemblages, defined by Archaias and Laevipeneroplis, which indicate marine Thalassia seagrasses, and Trichohyalus, which indicates restricted inland mangrove ponds. Our data suggest that Celestun Lagoon displayed four phases of development: (1) an inland mangrove pond (5300 BP) (2) a shallow unprotected coastline with marine seagrass and barrier island initiation (4900 BP) (3) a protected brackish lagoon (3000 BP), and (4) a protected lagoon surrounded by mangroves (1700 BP). Stratigraphic (temporal) changes in core assemblages resemble spatial differences in communities across the modern lagoon, from the southern marine sector to the northern brackish region. Similar temporal patterns have been reported from other Yucatan Peninsula lagoons and from cenotes (Nichupte, Aktun Ha), suggesting a regional coastal response to sea level rise and climate change, including geomorphic controls (longshore drift) on lagoon salinity, as observed today. Holocene barrier island development progressively protected the northwest Yucatan Peninsula coastline, reducing mixing between seawater and rain-fed submarine groundwater discharge. Superimposed on this geomorphic signal, assemblage changes that are observed reflect the most severe regional wet and dry climate episodes, which coincide with paleoclimate records from lowland lake archives (Chichancanab, Salpeten). Our results emphasize the need to consider coastal geomorphic evolution when using epikarst estuary and lagoon sediment archives for paleoclimate reconstruction and provide evidence of hydroclimate changes on the Yucatan Peninsula.
Understanding for Which Students and Classes a Socio-Ecological Aggression Prevention Program Works Best: Testing Individual Student and Class Level Moderators
Authors: Bardach Lisa , Yanagida Takuya , Gradinger Petra , Strohmeier Dagmar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSchool-based aggression prevention programs may not be equally effective for all students and classes, depending on student and class characteristics. This study investigated moderators of a cluster randomized controlled socio-ecological aggression prevention program’s effectiveness (change from pretest to posttest, sample: 2,042 preadolescents, mean age = 11.7 years, SD = 0.09, 47.6% girls) and sustainability (change from posttest to follow-up test, sample: 659 preadolescents, mean age = 12.7 years, SD = 0.08, 47.9% girls). The program worked better in multicultural classes, as greater ethnic diversity strengthened the program’s effectiveness and sustainability. Moderating effects of a positive social class climate and higher baseline levels of aggressive behavior and victimization were also found. These results advance socio-ecological theorizing and can help develop more contextualized interventions.