bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variation in Australian Neonicotinoid Usage and Priorities for Resistance Monitoring
Authors: Maino James L , Cushen Alexander , Valavi Roozbeh , Umina Paul A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Australia is the third largest exporting country of cereals and a leader in other major commodity crops, yet little data exist on pesticide usage patterns in agriculture. This knowledge gap limits the management of off-target chemical impacts, such as the evolution of pesticide resistance. Here, for the first time, we quantify spatial patterns in neonicotinoid applications in Australia by coalescing land use data with sales and market research data contributed by agrichemical and agribusiness companies. An example application to resistance management is explored through the development of recommendations for the cosmopolitan crop pest, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), utilizing spatial statistical models. This novel dataset identified Australian neonicotinoid usage patterns, with most neonicotinoid products in Australia applied as cereal, canola, cotton and legume seed treatments and soil applications in sugarcane. Importantly, there were strong regional differences in pesticide applications, which will require regionally specific strategies to manage off-target impacts. Indeed, the estimated spatial grid of neonicotinoid usage demonstrated a statistically significant influence on the distribution of M. persicae neonicotinoid resistance, indicating off-target impacts are unevenly distributed in space. Future research on neonicotinoid usage will be supported by the spatial grids generated and made available through this study. Overall, neonicotinoid pesticides are widely relied upon throughout Australia’s plant production systems but will face increasing pressure from resistance evolution, emerging research on off-target impacts, and stricter regulatory pressures.
A study on the geometric effects of a concrete filling body in remaining roadways with fully mechanised caving
Authors: Zhang Minglei , Yang Yue , Gao Linsheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To address the problem of the concrete filling body (CFB) force failing to reach test strength in remaining roadways, the weakening effects due to aspect ratio and dimensional parameters on the actual CFB strength were investigated in this study. The geometric effects of CFB (including hoop and size effects) as well as the geometric effect coefficient determination method were analysed. Through laboratory tests and PFC numerical simulations, the hoop and size effect coefficients of the CFB in the Gaohe Coal Mine were studied. Furthermore, the calculation equations of actual strength and bearing capacity of the CFB were derived. Regarding the filling body failure and coal deformation in the remaining roadway located at the No. W1319 working face, the actual bearing capacity of CFB and surrounding rock stability during secondary exploitation were theoretically studied. The investigation suggests the adoption of a grouting reinforcement scheme for surrounding rock. The field applications performed have demonstrated that the deformation control effect in the remaining-roadway surrounding rock was effectively improved during second mining and the filling body beside the roadway suffered no additional damage. Studying the geometric effect of CFB can provide some theoretical guidance and industrial significance to accurately identify the filling body strength and reduce the failure risk of surrounding rock in remaining roadways.
Simultaneously computing the 3D dip attributes for all the time samples of a seismic trace
Authors: Bai Bo , Yang Cun , Sun Wenbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The seismic dip attribute is regularly used to aid structural interpretation and is commonly adopted as a compulsory input for computing other seismic geometric attributes. One disadvantage of current dip computation algorithms is that interpreters compute the dip attribute time sample by time sample and do not consider the relationship between dip values of nearby samples. The classic convolution theory suggests one formation boundary should have the corresponding seismic event. However, the seismic wavelet always has a certain time duration. As a result, one formation boundary has a corresponding seismic event that consists of several time samples. Ideally, the time samples, which belong to the same boundary, should have approximately the same dip attributes. In this research, a sample by sample computation procedure is treated as an independent optimisation procedure. Then, simultaneously computing the seismic dip of time samples of one seismic trace can be regarded as a multi-objective optimisation procedure. The proposed method is based on analysing features of seismic waveform within user-defined windows. Considering that nearby time samples should have continuous dip values, we the dynamic time warping to simultaneously compute seismic reflectors’ dip values of a seismic trace. We applied our method to a field seismic data to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Through the Eyes of Ulūpī: A Distinctive Snake Perspective in theMahābhārata
Authors: Black Brian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, I will explore the role and significance of snakes in the Mahābhārata. Rather than offer a general account of how they are depicted across the text, I will focus my attention on one snake character in particular: Ulūpī, a vital, but often overlooked persona. Although she only participates in two episodes, in both cases she bursts into the narrative from underground to change the course of events decisively and with major consequences. By considering both of her appearances together, I will argue that Ulūpī plays a more central role in the unfolding of the narrative than has been previously realised. Throughout the article, I will reflect on Ulūpī’s identity as a snake. By looking at the terms used to describe her, how she relates to other prominent snake characters, and the relationship between her lineage and other snake lineages, I will show that her unique perspective brings out a nuanced and diverse understanding of snakes that can contribute to our wider appreciation of these complex characters in the Mahābhārata. Moreover, I will suggest that Ulūpī’s distinctive vantage point as a snake within the lineage of Airāvata sheds new light on two pivotal episodes: Janamejaya’s snake sacrifice and the burning of the Khāṇḍava Forest.
Frugivorous bats promote epizoochoric seed dispersal and seedling survival in a disturbed Neotropical forest
Authors: Villalobos-Chaves David , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Animal-dispersed plants usually rely upon multiple dispersers. In many ecosystems, most of these interactions have yet to be explored; thus, documenting the extent of contribution of each animal partner to the reproduction and survival of plant species is key to understanding the ecology and evolution of animal–plant mutualism, as well as the potential responses of the ecological networks to biodiversity loss through defaunation. Here, by characterizing the outcomes and differences of the epizoochoric seed dispersal carried out by two species of frugivorous bats (Artibeus phaeotis and Uroderma convexum) in a Neotropical forest, we tested the prediction that, through their feeding activity, both bat species disperse and influence the subsequent seedling survival of multiple seed species. By direct sampling on bats’ dispersing sites and surrounding areas, we found evidence of the dispersal of 2,310 seeds of eight plant species, of which 118 survived to become seedlings. The total density of seeds and the seedling survival were significantly higher in areas directly influenced by the bats (i.e., feeding roosts) than in peripheral areas. Positive density-dependent effects nevertheless were detected in both sampling areas (feeding roosts and peripheral areas). Interspecific comparisons showed that despite both bat species having similar dispersal outcomes, seedlings in peripheral areas related to A. phaeotis have better survival rates. Our results demonstrate that both bat species primarily disperse by epizoochoric means seeds of various tree species at several localities in the study site. This result, together with the positive density-dependent effects, suggests that bats are moving seeds away from maternal trees and depositing them in locations where some of the seeds can germinate, establish, and survive, thereby highlighting the positive contribution of these bat species to the reproductive success of trees inhabiting Neotropical habitats. Our results contribute to the growing knowledge of frugivorous interactions on hyperdiverse forests and the role of small vertebrates on seed dispersal mutualisms.
Maternal Mental Health Disorders Following Very Preterm Birth at 5 Years Post-Birth
Authors: Yates Rosemary , Anderson Peter J , Lee Katherine J , Doyle Lex W , Cheong Jeanie L Y , Pace Carmen C , Spittle Alicia J , Spencer-Smith Megan , Treyvaud Karli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Mothers of children born very preterm (VP) are at increased risk of developing postnatal depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, mental health disorder rates are rarely assessed in this population compared with full-term peers, and it is unclear if postnatal distress symptoms precede higher rates of maternal mental health disorders at 5 years post-birth in both birth groups.

Methods
Mothers of children born VP (n = 65; mean [SD] age at birth, 33.9 [5.0]; 72.1% tertiary educated) and full-term (n = 90; mean [SD] age at birth, 33.4 [4.0]; 88.2% tertiary educated) completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and trauma within 4 weeks of birth. At 5 years post-birth, they participated in a structured diagnostic interview assessing mood, anxiety, and trauma-related mental health disorders, both current and over the lifetime.

Results
There was little evidence for differences between mothers in the VP and full-term groups in rates of any mental health disorder at 5 years (VP = 14%, full-term = 14%) or lifetime (VP = 41%, full-term = 37%). In mothers of children born VP, elevated postnatal post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with higher rates of mental health disorders at 5 years (odds ratio = 21.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–342).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that preterm birth may not lead to increased odds of later developing maternal mental health disorders, despite known risks of elevated postnatal distress following a VP birth. However, those with post-traumatic stress symptoms following a VP birth could be more vulnerable, and assessment and monitoring is recommended.
Cerebrospinal fluid leak post COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab for a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report
Authors: Asiri Mohammed , Alhedaithy Riyadh , Alnazer Zainab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an infectious disease that led to a global pandemic. In this article, we reported a case of a young women who is known to have idiopathic intracranial hypertension, with iatrogenic skull base injury from a nasopharyngeal swab. Her case was complicated by meningitis.
Relationships Between Circulating Tenascin-C Levels and Gonadal Hormones in Male Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Peng Rui , Li Di , Li Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein closely associated with the progression of psychiatric disorders. The present study was performed to investigate the possible association between serum gonadal hormones and TNC levels in male patients with depressive disorder.

Materials and Methods
We measured serum TNC levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, we investigated the influence of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) on TNC levels in primary neuronal cultures.

Results
Patients with depression had lower levels of T, free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the T/E2 ratio than healthy control patients. Levels of TNC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in patients than in healthy volunteers. Serum TNC concentrations were negatively associated with levels of E2 and T and with the T/E2 ratio. Levels of TNC, TSH, and FT3 and the T/E2 ratio were predictors of depression. Among men with depression, TNC was negatively associated with T levels and with the T/E2 ratio. Incubating pheochromocytoma 12 cells with the combination of T and E2 greatly decreased TNC levels in the culture medium.

Conclusion
Increased TNC levels may predict imbalance between T and E2 in patients with depression, and gonadal hormones may modulate TNC expression in vivo.
Bride Price in the Patriarchal South Sudanese Society: A Legal Perspective
Authors: Deng Mark A W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article discusses bride price and numerous problems associated with it from a legal perspective. Two such problems, indeed, the most serious of all, are: (i) bride price objectifies and commodifies women, and this lowers women’s status in society; and (ii) bride price violates a woman’s freedom to choose who to marry as all but young girls, that is, those under the age of 18, are forced into marriage by their families for bride-wealth. Young girls who dare to resist can be tortured severely, or even put to death. These practices violate the Transitional Constitution of South Sudan 2011 and the Child Act 2008 under which ‘customs’ and ‘traditions’ that are harmful to women and children are explicitly prohibited. They are equally in conflict with regional and international human rights conventions that proscribe similar practices. In light of all these issues, the article recommends bride price to be abolished through legislative measures—i.e. for the Government of South Sudan to enact a law to criminalise bride price. While this suggestion is likely to be met with resistance, given how deeply culturally ingrained this practice is, what should be compelling for the government is securing women and children’s rights and freedoms.
Observations of compact sources in galaxy clusters using MUSTANG2
Authors: Dicker Simon R , Battistelli Elia S , Bhandarkar Tanay , Devlin Mark J , Duff Shannon M , Hilton Gene , Hilton Matt , Hincks Adam D , Hubmayr Johannes , Huffenberger Kevin , Hughes John P , Di Mascolo Luca , Mason Brian S , Mates J A B , McMahon Jeff , Mroczkowski Tony , Naess Sigurd , Orlowski-Scherer John , Partridge Bruce , Radiconi Federico , Romero Charles , Sarazin Craig L , Sehgal Neelima , Sievers Jonathan , Sifón Cristóbal , Ullom Joel , Vale Leila R , Vissers Michael R , Xu Zhilei 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Compact sources can cause scatter in the scaling relationships between the amplitude of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect (tSZE) in galaxy clusters and cluster mass. Estimates of the importance of this scatter vary – largely due to limited data on sources in clusters at the frequencies at which tSZE cluster surveys operate. In this paper, we present 90 GHz compact source measurements from a sample of 30 clusters observed using the MUSTANG2 instrument on the Green Bank Telescope. We present simulations of how a source’s flux density, spectral index, and angular separation from the cluster’s centre affect the measured tSZE in clusters detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). By comparing the MUSTANG2 measurements with these simulations we calibrate an empirical relationship between 1.4 GHz flux densities from radio surveys and source contamination in ACT tSZE measurements. We find 3 per cent of the ACT clusters have more than a 20 per cent decrease in Compton-y but another 3 per cent have a 10 per cent increase in the Compton-y due to the matched filters used to find clusters. As sources affect the measured tSZE signal and hence the likelihood that a cluster will be detected, testing the level of source contamination in the tSZE signal using a tSZE-selected catalogue is inherently biased. We confirm this by comparing the ACT tSZE catalogue with optically and X-ray-selected cluster catalogues. There is a strong case for a large, high-resolution survey of clusters to better characterize their source population.
Gas-phase laboratory study on PAH/amino-acid cluster cations
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Congcong , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhang Deping , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
As an important class of carbon reservoirs in the interstellar medium (ISM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules play an important role in the evolutionary network of prebiotic molecules. Here, the experimental evidence of astronomically relevant amino-acid derivatives – PAH/amino-acid clusters – is provided, and we study their ion–molecular collision reactions in the gas phase. With the initial molecular precursors dicoronylene (DC, C48H20)/alanine (Ala, C3H7NO2) and DC/isoleucine (Ile, C6H13NO2), the experiments indicate that PAH–amino-acid cluster cations (e.g. (Ala)C48H$_{(0-19)}\, ^+$ and (Ile)C48H$_{(0-19)}\, ^+$) and graphene–amino-acid cluster cations (e.g. (Ala)nC$_{48}\, ^+$ and (Ile)nC$_{48}\, ^+$, n = 1, 2, 3, 4) are efficiently formed in a strong interstellar radiation field. In addition, the structure of clusters and the binding energy of their formation pathways are studied by a quantum chemistry calculation method: gas-phase reactions (ion–molecule reactions) between PAH cations with amino acids readily occur (exothermic energy around 2.0–4.7 eV), and these newly formed clusters have a complex molecular configuration (C–O and C–N bond type). These laboratory studies provide a cluster growth pathway (through an ion–molecule reaction) towards the formation of amino-acid derivatives in a bottom-up process and insight into their chemical-evolution behaviour, opening up aromatic-based chemistry that is available to the species (dehydrogenated PAHs or graphene molecules) that formed from the photofragmentation process of PAHs in interstellar environments. When conditions are suitable (e.g. have similar molecular abundance spatial distributions in the ISM), amino-acid derivatives can form efficiently, and newly built large PAH/amino-acid clusters may be widespread in space.
Identification of novel OCRL isoforms associated with phenotypic differences between Dent disease-2 and Lowe syndrome
Authors: Sakakibara Nana , Ijuin Takeshi , Horinouchi Tomoko , Yamamura Tomohiko , Nagano China , Okada Eri , Ishiko Shinya , Aoto Yuya , Rossanti Rini , Ninchoji Takeshi , Awano Hiroyuki , Nagase Hiroaki , Minamikawa Shogo , Tanaka Ryojiro , Matsuyama Takeshi , Nagatani Koji , Kamei Koichi , Jinnouchi Kumiko , Ohtsuka Yasufumi , Oka Masafumi , Araki Yoshinori , Tanaka Toju , Harada Mari S , Igarashi Toru , Kitahara Hikaru , Morisada Naoya , Nakamura Shun-ichi , Okada Taro , Iijima Kazumoto , Nozu Kandai 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Although Lowe syndrome and Dent disease-2 are caused by Oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) mutations, their clinical severities differ substantially and their molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Truncating mutations in OCRL exons 1–7 lead to Dent disease-2, whereas those in exons 8–24 lead to Lowe syndrome. Herein we identified the mechanism underlying the action of novel OCRL protein isoforms.

Methods
Messenger RNA samples extracted from cultured urine-derived cells from a healthy control and a Dent disease-2 patient were examined to detect the 5′ end of the OCRL isoform. For protein expression and functional analysis, vectors containing the full-length OCRL transcripts, the isoform transcripts and transcripts with truncating mutations detected in Lowe syndrome and Dent disease-2 patients were transfected into HeLa cells.

Results
We successfully cloned the novel isoform transcripts from OCRL exons 6–24, including the translation-initiation codons present in exon 8. In vitro protein-expression analysis detected proteins of two different sizes (105 and 80 kDa) translated from full-length OCRL, whereas only one protein (80 kDa) was found from the isoform and Dent disease-2 variants. No protein expression was observed for the Lowe syndrome variants. The isoform enzyme activity was equivalent to that of full-length OCRL; the Dent disease-2 variants retained &gt;50% enzyme activity, whereas the Lowe syndrome variants retained &lt;20% activity.

Conclusions
We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the two different phenotypes in OCRL-related diseases; the functional OCRL isoform translated starting at exon 8 was associated with this mechanism.
CLRM-01. MACHINE LEARNING TO UNCOVER SIGNATURES OF VULNERABILITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA UMBRELLA SIGNATURE TRIAL (GUST)
Authors: Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Tang Nanyun , Ahluwalia Manmeet , Fonkem Ekokobe , Fink Karen , Raizer Jeffrey , Walker Christopher , Dhruv Harshil , Berens Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. A glioblastoma umbrella signature trial (GUST) posits multiple investigational treatment arms based on corresponding biomarker signatures. A contingency of an efficient umbrella trial is a suite of orthogonal signatures to classify patients into the likely-most-beneficial arm. Assigning optimal thresholds of vulnerability signatures to classify patients as “most-likely responders” for each specific treatment arm is a crucial task. We utilized semi-supervised machine learning, Entropy-Regularized Logistic Regression, to predict vulnerability classification. By applying semi-supervised algorithms to the TCGA GBM cohort, we were able to transform the samples with the highest certainty of predicted response into a self-labeled dataset and thus augment the training data. In this case, we developed a predictive model with a larger sample size and potential better performance. Our GUST design currently includes four treatment arms for GBM patients: Arsenic Trioxide, Methoxyamine, Selinexor and Pevonedistat. Each treatment arm manifests its own signature developed by the customized machine learning pipelines based on selected gene mutation status and whole transcriptome data. In order to increase the robustness and scalability, we also developed a multi-class/label classification ensemble model that’s capable of predicting a probability of “fitness” of each novel therapeutic agent for each patient. Such a multi-class model would also enable us to rank each arm and provide sequential treatment planning. By expansion to four independent treatment arms within a single umbrella trial, a “mock” stratification of TCGA GBM patients labeled 56% of all cases into at least one “high likelihood of response” arm. Predicted vulnerability using genomic data from preclinical PDX models correctly placed 4 out of 6 models into the “responder” group. Our utilization of multiple vulnerability signatures in a GUST trial demonstrates how a precision medicine model can support an efficient clinical trial for heterogeneous diseases such as GBM.