bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resemblance in Physical Activity in Families with Children in Time Segments during the Week: The Lolland–Falster Health Study
Authors: PETERSEN THERESE LOCKENWITZ , BRØND JAN CHRISTIAN , KRISTENSEN PETER LUND , AADLAND EIVIND , GRØNTVED ANDERS , JEPSEN RANDI 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Evidence of shared physical activity (PA) habits within families is inconsistent. The present study aimed at examining intrafamily resemblance in PA during different time segments of the week.

Method
This cross-sectional study used data from the Danish household-based population study Lolland–Falster Health Study. We assessed time spent in various PA intensities and behaviors using a dual-accelerometer system (Axivity AX3). At least one parent and one child per household provided data for a minimum of three weekdays and one weekend day. We analyzed three time segments: early weekdays, late weekdays, and weekends. A linear mixed model regression analysis was used to estimate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the total family, parent–child dyads, siblings, and parent–parent dyads for PA outcomes, adjusting for sex, age, parental education, and the interaction between sex and age.

Results
We included 774 parents (57.9% female, 42.8 ± 7 yr) and 802 children (54.2% girls, 11.1 ± 4.3 yr) nested within 523 families. The clustering among the total family was stronger during late weekdays (ICC = 0.11–0.31) and weekends (ICC = 0.14–0.29) than during early weekdays (ICC = 0.02–0.19). We found stronger clustering among siblings (ICC = 0.08–0.47) and between parents (ICC = 0.02–0.52) than between parents and children (ICC < 0.01–0.37). Generally, the clustering was strongest for light PA, and among PA behaviors, walking showed the highest resemblance across all subgroups.

Conclusion
Initiatives to promote children’s PA that involve parent or sibling coparticipation may focus on the time segment and activity types with the highest resemblance. For the family as a whole, promoting walking or limiting sedentary activities may be a potential target for interventions during late weekdays and weekends.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02482896).
Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Area and Density of Bone and Muscle in Older Adults
Authors: CANDOW DARREN G. , CHILIBECK PHILIP D. , GORDON JULIANNE J. , KONTULAINEN SAIJA 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To examine the efficacy of creatine (Cr) supplementation and any sex differences during supervised whole-body resistance training (RT) on properties of bone and muscle in older adults.

Methods
Seventy participants (39 men, 31 women; mean age ± standard deviation: 58 ± 6 yr) were randomized to supplement with Cr (0.1 g·kg−1·d−1) or placebo (Pl) during RT (3 d·wk−1 for 1 yr). Bone geometry (radius and tibia) and muscle area and density (forearm and lower leg) were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Results
Compared with Pl, Cr increased or maintained total bone area in the distal tibia (Cr, Δ +17 ± 27 mm2; Pl, Δ −1 ± 22 mm2; P = 0.031) and tibial shaft (Cr, Δ 0 ± 9 mm2; Pl, Δ −5 ± 7 mm2; P = 0.032). Men on Cr increased trabecular (Δ +28 ± 31 mm2; P < 0.001) and cortical bone areas in the tibia (Δ +4 ± 4 mm2; P < 0.05), whereas men on Pl increased trabecular bone density (Δ +2 ± 2 mg·cm−3; P < 0.01). There were no bone changes in the radius (P > 0.05). Cr increased lower leg muscle density (Δ +0.83 ± 1.15 mg·cm−3; P = 0.016) compared with Pl (Δ –0.16 ± 1.56 mg·cm−3), with no changes in the forearm muscle.

Conclusions
One year of Cr supplementation and RT had some favorable effects on measures of bone area and muscle density in older adults.
Breast tumour volume and blood flow measured by MRI after one cycle of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy as predictors of pathological response
Authors: Stevens William , Farrow Isabelle M , Georgiou Leonidas , Hanby Andrew M , Perren Timothy J , Windel Laura M , Wilson Daniel J , Sharma Nisha , Dodwell David , Hughes Thomas A , Dall Barbara JG , Buckley David L 
Published: June 2021

Objectives:
Better markers of early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with breast cancer are required to enable the timely identification of non-responders and reduce unnecessary treatment side-effects. Early functional imaging may better predict response to treatment than conventional measures of tumour size. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the change in tumour blood flow after one cycle of NACT would predict pathological response.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed in 35 females with breast cancer before and after one cycle of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide-based NACT (EC90). Estimates of tumour blood flow and tumour volume were compared with pathological response obtained at surgery following completion of NACT.

Results:
Tumour blood flow at baseline (mean ± SD; 0.32 ± 0.17 ml/min/ml) reduced slightly after one cycle of NACT (0.28 ± 0.18 ml/min/ml). Following treatment 15 patients were identified as pathological responders and 20 as non-responders. There were no relationships found between tumour blood flow and pathological response. Conversely, tumour volume was found to be a good predictor of pathological response (smaller tumours did better) at both baseline (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.80) and after one cycle of NACT (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81).

Conclusion & advances in knowledge:
The change in breast tumour blood flow following one cycle of EC90 did not predict pathological response. Tumour volume may be a better early marker of response with such agents.
Explaining withdrawal’s persistence: correlates of withdrawal use in Albania, Armenia, Jordan, and Turkey observed in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fruhauf Timothee , Al-Attar Ghada , Tsui Amy O. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Withdrawal dominates the contraceptive method mix in a geographical cluster of countries in South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia that have, in part, reached low fertility. This study examines the socio-demographic determinants associated with withdrawal use in Armenia, Albania, Jordan and Turkey that could explain withdrawal’s persistence and inform contraceptive programs in these unique settings. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 31,569 married women 15 to 49 years were drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys in Albania (2017-2018), Armenia (2015-2016), Jordan (2017-2018), and Turkey (2013). For each country, multinomial regression models estimating withdrawal use among all women and logistic regression models estimating withdrawal use among contraceptive users were used to evaluate the association with age, marital duration, parity, education, residence, and household wealth. Results: The socio-demographic determinants associated with withdrawal use varied by country among all women and among all contraceptive users. While these associations were not all significant for all four countries general trends included that women were more likely to use withdrawal than not use contraception, but less likely to use withdrawal than other methods with increasing parity, higher education, and greater household wealth. Measures of association are reported by country for each correlate. Conclusions: Despite the similar contraceptive mix in these four countries, no single set of factors was found to explain withdrawal’s persistence. Withdrawal’s prevalence in this geographical cluster may instead result from different balances of intertwined circumstances that include couples’ fertility decisions, access to modern contraception and availability of abortion services.
The tangled web we weave: how humans influence predator-prey dynamics
Authors: Barker Kristin , Middleton Arthur D. 
Published: June 2021

Large carnivores like gray wolves (Canis lupus) play key roles in regulating ecosystem structure and function. After being functionally extirpated from the United States by the early 1900s, wolves have recently recolonized portions of their historic ranges and are increasingly coming into contact with a rapidly-growing human population. When carnivores encounter humans, the way they behave, and therefore the way they shape ecosystems, is likely to change. Unfortunately, our ability to predict how wolves will affect ecosystems in human-dominated areas is limited by an incomplete understanding of how and why carnivores respond to human influence. We are therefore investigating wolf kill sites across Jackson Hole, Wyoming, where we can disentangle the effects of multiple simultaneous human influences. Specifically, we are evaluating whether and how spatiotemporal patterns of wolf predation may change in response to unnatural physical infrastructure, disturbance from general human activity, potential threat of mortality, and human-altered prey distributions. Our ongoing field study will help managers anticipate effects of wolf predation in and around human-influenced areas while contributing novel information to theories of predation risk and predator-prey interactions.

Featured photo by YNP on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/HGfKqs
Influence of thromboembolic events in the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Results from a cross sectional study
Authors: Purroy Francisco , Arqué Gloria 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism event (TEE). Reports on the prevalence and prognosis of thrombotic complications are still emerging.ObjectiveTo describe the rate of TEE complications and its influence in the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 after a cross-sectional study.MethodsWe evaluated the prevalence of TEE and its relationship with in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were admitted between 1st March to 20th April 2020 in a multicentric network of sixteen Hospitals in Spain. TEE was defined by the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), systemic arterial embolism or myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsWe studied 1737 patients with proven COVID-19 infection of whom 276 died (15.9%). TEE were presented in 64 (3.7%) patients: 49 (76.6%) patients had a VTE, 8 (12.5%) patients had MI, 6 (9.4%%) patients had AIS, and one (1.5%) patient a thrombosis of portal vein. TEE patients exhibited a diffuse profile: older, high levels of D-dimer protein and a tendency of lower levels of prothrombin. The multivariate regression models, confirmed the association between in-hospital death and age (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.10–1.14], p<0.001), diabetes (OR 1.49 [95% CI 1.04–2.13], p = 0.029), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.61 [95% CI 1.03–2.53], p = 0.039), ICU care (OR 9.39 [95% CI 5.69–15.51], p<0.001), and TTE (OR 2.24 [95% CI 1.17–4.29], p = 0.015).ConclusionsSpecial attention is needed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with TTE and other comorbidities as they have an increased risk of in-hospital death.
The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Bengesai Annah V. , Amusa Lateef B. , Makonye Felix 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe association between girl child marriage and education is widely acknowledged; however, there is no large body of demographic studies from Zimbabwe that have addressed this aspect. This study aimed to examine the extent to which child marriage affects one academic milestone, i.e. completion of the Ordinary Level, the first cycle of high school, which is also the most critical indicator of educational achievement in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe used the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey and extracted 2380 cases of ever-married women aged between 20–29 years. We applied a propensity score-based method, which allowed us to mimic a hypothetical experiment and estimate outcomes between treated and untreated subjects.ResultsOur results suggest that child age at first marriage is concentrated between the ages of 15–22, with the typical age at first marriage being 18 years. Both logistic regression and PSM models revealed that early marriage decreased the chances of completing the first cycle of high school. Regression adjustment produced an estimate of prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.446 (95% CI: 0.374–0.532), while PSM resulted in an estimate (PR = 0.381; 95% CI: 0.298–0.488).ConclusionThese results have implications for Zimbabwe’s development policy and suggest that girl-child marriage is a significant barrier to educational attainment. If not addressed, the country will most likely fail to meet sustainable development Goal 4.2 and 5.3. Social change interventions that target adults and counter beliefs about adolescent sexuality and prepubescent marriage should be put in place. Moreover, interventions that keep teenage girls in school beyond the first cycle of high school should be prioritised.
Association of perioperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level and recurrence in low-risk stage IIA colon cancer
Authors: Kim Han-Gil , Yang Seung Yoon , Han Yoon Dae , Cho Min Soo , Min Byung Soh , Lee Kang Young , Kim Nam Kyu , Hur Hyuk 
Published: June 2021

Background
The purpose is to investigate prognosis according to serum CEA levels before and after surgery in patients with stage IIA colon cancer who do not show high-risk features.

Methods
Among the patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma between April 2011 and December 2017, 462 patients were confirmed as low-risk stage IIA after surgery and enrolled. The ROC curve was used to determine cut-off values of pre- and postoperative CEA. Patients were classified into three groups using these new cut-off values.

Results
All recurrence occurred in 52 of 463 patients (11.2%). However, recurrence in group H was 15.9%, which was slightly higher than the other two groups (P = 0.04). Group L and M showed 10.5% and 12.8% overall survival, group H was higher at 21.0% (P = 0.005). Recurrence was the only risk factor in group H was significantly higher in group L (HR 2.008, 95% CI, 1.123–3.589, P = 0.019). Mortality was similar to recurrence (HR 1.975, 95% CI 1.091–3.523, P = 0.044).

Conclusion
Among patients with low-risk stage IIA colon cancer, recurrence and mortality rates were higher when perioperative serum CEA levels were above a certain level. Therefore, high CEA level should be considered a high-risk feature and adjuvant chemotherapy should be performed.
Implementing psychological first aid ontology
Authors: Jung Hyun-Ok , Han Seung-Woo 
Published: June 2021

Background
This study develops an ontology of Psychological First Aid (PFA) by extracting relevant knowledge from a review of PFA literature.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted using the PFA ontology development 101 method. This review processes previously-developed PFA studies by consulting Google Scholar, CINHL, PUBMED, and MEDLINE. Protege 5.0 program was used to integrate with ontology development. The developed PFA ontology consisted of eight super classes: Action agenda, Assessment, Concrete method, Disaster type, Disaster disposition, Purpose, Qualification and Skill, Reaction. In total, 166 terms were collected.

Results
The eight super classes were divided into 72 classes and 64 subclasses. The composition yielded in a total of 166 axioms (85 logical axioms; 81 declaration axioms).

Conclusions
This study provides basic data to guide development and composition of PFA arbitration programs.
Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in myopathies: Experience of a Slovenian tertiary centre
Authors: Babić Božović Ivana , Maver Aleš , Leonardis Lea , Meznaric Marija , Osredkar Damjan , Peterlin Borut 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundOur aim was to present the experience of systematic, routine use of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical diagnostics of myopathies.MethodsExome sequencing was performed on patients with high risk for inherited myopathy, which were selected based on the history of the disease, family history, clinical presentation, and diagnostic workup. Exome target capture was performed, followed by sequencing on HiSeq 2500 or MiSeq platforms. Data analysis was performed using internally developed bioinformatic pipeline.ResultsThe study comprised 86 patients, including 22 paediatric cases (26%). The largest group were patients referred with an unspecified myopathy (47%), due to non-specific or incomplete clinical and laboratory findings, followed by congenital myopathies (22%) and muscular dystrophies (22%), congenital myotonias (6%), and mitochondrial myopathies (3%). Altogether, a diagnostic yield was 52%; a high diagnostic rate was present in paediatric patients (64%), while in patients with unspecified myopathies the rate was 35%. We found 51 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 23 genes and two pathogenic copy number variations.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that phenotype driven exome analysis diagnostic approach facilitates the diagnostic rate of complex, heterogeneous disorders, such as myopathies, particularly in paediatric patients and patients with unspecified myopathies.
A Novel Multiparameter Scoring Model for Noninvasive Early Prediction of Ischemic Colitis: A Multicenter, Retrospective, and Real-World Study
Authors: Li Shan , Luo Yiwei , Wang Wei , Lu Jinlai , Hu Miao , Sun Qinjuan , Yang Xiaoqing , Han Junyi , Zhong Lan 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Ischemic colitis (IC) is a common gastrointestinal ischemic disease caused by hypoperfusion or reperfusion injury. However, there are few studies on risk factors associated with poor prognoses of the disease. This study aimed to determine the predictors of poor prognoses in patients with IC and establish a prognostic scoring method with good internal and external validity for identifying severe cases in an early stage.

METHODS:
We established a prognosis model by conducting a multicenter, retrospective study of patients hospitalized with IC between November 2008 and May 2020. Predictive power was tested using 5-fold internal cross-validation and external validation.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202106000-00007/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T172353Z/r/image-tiff

RESULTS:
The following 6 factors were included in the prognostic model: neutrophil count, D-dimer level, ischemia of the distal ileum, ischemia of the hepatic flexure, ulceration, and luminal stenosis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for internal cross-validation of the prediction model was 86%, and that for external validation was 95%. During internal validation, our model correctly identified 88.08% of the patients. It was further found that patients younger than 65 years with a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and higher heart rate had poor prognoses. Patients aged 65 years and older with ischemia of terminal ileum, hepatic flexure, splenic flexure, and intestinal stenosis had poor prognoses.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with ischemia in the hepatic flexure and the distal ileum, endoscopic evidence of ulcer or stenosis, higher neutrophil counts, and higher D-dimer levels have worse prognoses. This information could aid in the selection of timely and appropriate treatment.
On almost e-ℐ-continuous functions
Authors: AL-Omeri Wadei , Noiri Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work is concerned with a new class of functions called almost

e

e

-

ℐ

{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}

-continuous functions containing the class of almost

e

e

-continuous functions. This notion is stronger than almost

δ

β

ℐ

\delta {\beta }_{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}}

-continuous functions and is weaker than both almost

e

e

-continuous functions and

e

e

-

ℐ

{\mathcal{ {\mathcal I} }}

-continuous functions. Relationships between this new class and other classes of functions are investigated and some characterizations of this new class of functions are studied.
Numerical solution of highly non-linear fractional order reaction advection diffusion equation using the cubic B-spline collocation method
Authors: Dwivedi Kushal Dhar , Das Subir , Rajeev  , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, the approximate solution of the fractional-order reaction advection-diffusion equation with the prescribed initial and boundary conditions is found with the help of a cubic B-spline collocation method, which is unconditionally stable and convergent. The accuracy of the scheme is validated by applying the method on four existing problems having analytical solutions and through the evaluation of the absolute errors between numerical results and the exact solutions for different particular cases. Applying the proposed method on the last two numerical problems, it is shown that the method performs better than the existing methods even for very less number of spatial and temporal discretizations. The main contribution of the article is to develop an efficient method to solve the proposed fractional order nonlinear problem and to find the effect on solute concentration graphically due to increase in the non-linearity in the diffusion term for different particular values of parameters.
Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber using discrete changes model under bidirectional propagation
Authors: Kumar Dablu , Ranjan Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For the first time, the discrete changes model has been explored for crosstalk estimation under the bidirectional propagation condition. Crosstalk characterization in homogeneous multicore fiber (MCF) has been discussed, with different crosstalk estimation methods, such as, conventional model for perfectly homogeneous core, discrete changes model for real homogeneous core, and propagation direction interleaving (PDI) approach for backward propagation. The forward crosstalk expression under bending and twisting conditions, derived by the authors, has been utilized to visualize the impact of fiber twisting over a wide range. Discrete changes model has been analyzed for backward crosstalk, in order to observe the XT behavior for deterministic bending and twisting effects. For the crosstalk analysis in bidirectional propagation, 12-core MCF has been used, with circular lattice and square lattice arrangements for single-mode propagation. Moreover, for optimization and crosstalk suppression, trench-assisted core and PDI technique have been used to obtain the significantly low crosstalk in limited cladding diameter of 200 µm. The influence of fiber length and wavelength has been exhibited on crosstalk performance. The worst crosstalk level, and relative spatial efficiency in these MCFs have been compared with recently reported works.