bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New onset inflammatory bowel disease in patient treated with secukinumab: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Ali Ailia K. , Torosian Arman , Porter Caroline , Bloomfeld Richard S. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder that can vary in severity and extent of disease. While localized disease can be managed with topical medications, widespread disease often requires systemic therapy including biologics. This medication class targets different components of the immune system and thus modulates disease activity. The biologic secukinumab is a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin‐17A used for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis; cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been observed in clinical trials to be associated with this medication. This review aims to provide evidence for the relationships between secukinumab treatment and the development of IBD. We have examined review articles and original research papers, published between 2010 and 2020, using the following keywords: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, secukinumab, IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, interleukin‐17, IL‐17, IL‐17 inhibitor. Case reports have noted an association between secukinumab use and IBD and have called for IBD pre‐screening in patients who will be prescribed this medication. Clinical trials concluded that secukinumab was associated with IBD, while retrospective studies have had mixed results, with most studies showing no statistical significance between secukinumab and IBD but having seen patients with history of IBD or family histories experience new‐onset IBD or flare‐ups. Given the utilization of secukinumab as a therapy for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, appropriate screening and risk stratification could help limit morbidity and mortality that can be associated with secukinumab‐induced IBD.
Monopolistic competition, as you like it
Authors: Bertoletti Paolo , Etro Federico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe explore monopolistic competition with asymmetric preferences over a variety of goods provided by heterogeneous firms, and compute equilibria (approximating Cournot and Bertrand equilibria when market shares are negligible) through average Morishima elasticities of substitution. Further results concerning pricing and entry emerge under homotheticity and when demands depend on a common aggregator, as with Generalized Additively Separable preferences. Under additivity we can determine which goods are going to be provided under free entry, as well as the selection effects associated with changes in market size, consumers' income, aggregate productivity, and preference parameters.
Electricity consumption changes following solar adoption: Testing for a solar rebound
Authors: Beppler Ross C. , Matisoff Daniel C. , Oliver Matthew E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe use household‐level data to explore residential electricity use patterns following installation of solar panels. Solar adoption leads to an increase in total electricity consumption relative to a matched non‐adopting control group. Our point estimate translates to a rebound effect of 28.5%, suggesting that nearly a third of the electricity produced by a customer's solar panels is used for increased energy services, rather than reduced grid electricity consumption. We explore several potential drivers of an increase in electricity consumption. These results have important implications for electricity planning and policy, suggesting that rooftop solar stimulates additional demand for electricity.
Why we need descriptive psychology
Authors: Siewert Charles 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article defends the thesis that in theorizing about the mind we need to accord first‐person (“introspective” or “reflective”) judgments about experience a “selective provisional trust.” Such an approach can form part of a descriptive psychology. It is here so employed to evaluate some influential interpretations of research on attention to conclude that—despite what conventional wisdom suggests—an “introspection‐positive” policy actually offers us a better critical perspective than its contrary. What supposedly teaches us the worthlessness of introspection actually shows us why we need to take it seriously.
A multi‐step finite‐state automaton for arbitrarily deterministic Tsetlin Machine learning
Authors: Abeyrathna Kuruge Darshana , Granmo Ole‐Christoffer , Shafik Rishad , Jiao Lei , Wheeldon Adrian , Yakovlev Alex , Lei Jie , Goodwin Morten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the high arithmetic complexity and scalability challenges of deep learning, there is a critical need to shift research focus towards energy efficiency. Tsetlin Machines (TMs) are a recent approach to machine learning (ML) that has demonstrated significantly reduced energy compared to neural networks alike, while providing comparable accuracy on several benchmarks. However, TMs rely heavily on energy‐costly random number generation to stochastically guide a team of Tsetlin Automata (TA) in TM learning. In this paper, we propose a novel finite‐state learning automaton that can replace the TA in the TM, for increased determinism. The new automaton uses multi‐step deterministic state jumps to reinforce sub‐patterns, without resorting to randomization. A determinism parameter finely controls trading off the energy consumption of random number generation, against randomization for increased accuracy. Randomization is controlled by flipping a coin before every state jump, ignoring the state jump on tails. For example, makes every update random and makes the automaton completely deterministic. Both theoretically and empirically, we establish that the proposed automaton converges to the optimal action almost surely. Further, used together with the TM, only substantial degrees of determinism reduce accuracy. Energy‐wise, random number generation constitutes switching energy consumption of the TM, saving up to 11 mW power for larger datasets with high values. Our new learning automaton approach thus facilitates low‐energy ML.
Contrasting climate velocity impacts in warm and cool locations show that effects of marine warming are worse in already warmer temperate waters
Authors: English Philina A. , Ward Eric J. , Rooper Christopher N. , Forrest Robyn E. , Rogers Luke A. , Hunter Karen L. , Edwards Andrew M. , Connors Brendan M. , Anderson Sean C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpecies responses to climate change are often measured at broad spatiotemporal scales, which can miss the fine‐scale changes that are most relevant to conservation and fisheries management. We develop a scaleable geostatistical approach to assess how juvenile and adult fish distributions have been shaped by changes in bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen over a recent decade of warming in the northeast Pacific. Across 38 demersal fishes, biomass trends were associated negatively with warming and positively with dissolved oxygen, but when trends in both biomass and climate were converted to velocities—the speed and direction a population would have to move to maintain consistent conditions—the effect of temperature change differed depending on local conditions. In the warmest locations, warming velocities were associated with negative biotic velocities for 19 of 69 species‐maturity combinations, and yet were almost always associated with stable or positive biotic velocities in the coolest locations (64 of 69). These spatially consistent biomass declines (negative biotic velocities) in the warmest locations and increases in cooler locations suggest a redistribution of species with the potential for new ecological and fisheries interactions. After controlling for temperature, the more spatially consistent effects of dissolved oxygen were often negative, suggesting a mechanism other than hypoxia avoidance—potentially changes in primary production. Our approach identifies the species and locations that are most sensitive to observed changes in the environment at any scale, thus facilitating future vulnerability assessments.
Industry centrality: Weak ties, industry attributes, and managerial contracting
Authors: Ashraf Rasha , Dass Nishant , Nanda Vikram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCentrality in the network of interindustry trade relationships provides novel insights into an industry's economic attributes and managerial incentive contracts prevalent in the industry. More “central” industries trade with a large number of industries, implying numerous but relatively weaker interindustry ties. Weakness of interindustry ties suggests that relationship‐specific investment (RSI) will be less important and output will be relatively more commoditized in central industries. As predicted, central industry firms are less innovative, face greater competition, and have lower idiosyncratic risk. Further, CEOs in central industries receive lower pay and weaker incentives. Tournament incentives are also weaker in more central industries.
Body mass index, functional disability and all‐cause mortality in 330 000 older adults: The Shizuoka study
Authors: Tabara Yasuharu , Nakatani Eiji , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: October 2021

AimA J‐shaped association has been observed between body mass index (BMI) and all‐cause mortality, but its relationship with functional disability is uncertain. We aim to clarify the association between BMI and functional disability, as well as all‐cause mortality, by analyzing prefecture‐wide annual health checkup data, and health and care insurance data.MethodsThe dataset analyzed in this study consisted of 332 405 community residents aged ≥65 years who subscribed to the National Health Insurance. Basic clinical information was obtained from the annual health checkup data. The presence of comorbidities at baseline and the incidence of functional disability and all‐cause mortality were obtained from the health insurance data.ResultsThe mean age and standard deviation of the study participants was 73.5 ± 6.0 years. During a 4‐year follow‐up period, we observed 31 508 incident cases of functional disability and 16 640 deaths. The incidence rates of functional disability and all‐cause mortality were higher in both lower and higher BMI subgroups, and the lowest risk was observed in the range of 21–27 kg/m2 in men and 20–25 kg/m2 in women. These associations were independent of age, sex, current smoking and possible confounding factors, including a cardiovascular diseases history, hospitalization during the half‐year period before baseline, and baseline comorbidities. A similar association was observed between BMI and all‐cause mortality even when individuals who developed functional disabilities before death were excluded from the analysis.ConclusionsMaintaining the bodyweight within the recommended range could be an effective method of reducing the risk of functional disability and mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1040–1046.
Establishing a COVID‐19 pandemic severity assessment surveillance system in Ireland
Authors: Domegan Lisa , Garvey Patricia , McEnery Maeve , Fiegenbaum Rachel , Brabazon Elaine , Quintyne Keith Ian , O'Connor Lois , Cuddihy John , O'Donnell Joan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe developed a COVID‐19 pandemic severity assessment (PSA) monitoring system in Ireland, in order to inform and improve public health preparedness, response and recovery. The system based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Severity Assessment (PISA) project included a panel of surveillance parameters for the following indicators: transmissibility, impact and disease severity. Age‐specific thresholds were established for each parameter and data visualised using heat maps. The findings from the first pandemic wave in Ireland have shown that the WHO PISA system can be adapted for COVID‐19, providing a standardised tool for early warning and monitoring pandemic severity.
Solution processing of morphotropic phase boundary BiFeO3‐PbTiO3 thin films with reduced conductivity for high room temperature switchable polarization
Authors: Zia Layiq , Jaffari G. Hassnain , Jiménez Ricardo , Bretos Iñigo , Amorín Harvey , Algueró Miguel , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Calzada M. Lourdes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe (1 – x)BiFeO3‐xPbTiO3 (BFO‐PTO) perovskite solid solution has great potential for being used in practical devices, as it exhibits significant ferroelectric response at its morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). However, the significant conduction, particularly high electrical leakage currents that BFO‐PTO films show at room temperature, deteriorates their functionality. This is mainly associated with the presence of multivalent iron along with A‐site and oxygen vacancies. Here, solution‐derived BFO‐PTO thin films have been crystallized at low temperature on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates, by a rapid thermal annealing process to minimize Bi and Pb volatilization. X‐ray analyses have revealed that textured films are obtained with a pseudocubic perovskite structure and without the formation of detectable second phases. Microstructural studies indicated a columnar growth of the films with grain size well above the nanometric range, which, therefore, should not produce an appreciable reduction of the ferroelectric response due to size effects. Because of the relatively low content of charged defects produced in these BFO‐PTO films during processing, ferroelectric hysteresis loops can be measured at room temperature. The highest value of remnant polarizations (2PR = 58 μC/cm2) was obtained for the 0.65BiFeO3‐0.35PbTiO3 (65BFO‐35PTO) films, which suggests that this film composition lies in the proximity of the MPB where the coexistence of a highly textured <100> tetragonal phase and a rhombohedral one seems to occur.
Effectiveness of the online mindset intervention ‘The Growth Factory’ for adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Verberg Fenneke , Helmond Petra , Otten Roy , Overbeek Geertjan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines participant satisfaction and effectiveness of the online mindset intervention ‘The Growth Factory’ (TGF) for youth with intellectual disabilities using a randomised controlled trial design.MethodYouth with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (N = 119; 12–23 years) were randomly assigned to TGF (n = 60) or control group (n = 59). Primary outcome measures were mindsets and perseverance. Secondary outcomes were empowerment, mental health problems, self‐esteem, treatment motivation, therapeutic alliance and challenge seeking. Measurements were conducted at pre‐test, post‐test and at 3 and 6 months follow‐up.ResultsTGF had positive effects on perseverance, mental health problems, self‐esteem and therapeutic alliance at post‐test. TGF had follow‐up effects on mental health problems (3 months), mindset of intelligence (3 and 6 months) and mindset of emotion and behaviour (6 months).ConclusionsTGF offers a promising add‐on intervention complementing usual care programmes accelerating improvements in mindsets and mental health in youth with intellectual disabilities.
TQFL12, a novel synthetic derivative of TQ, inhibits triple‐negative breast cancer metastasis and invasion through activating AMPK/ACC pathway
Authors: Wei Chunli , Zou Hui , Xiao Ting , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Qianqian , Cheng Jingliang , Fu Shangyi , Peng Jiangzhou , Xie Xin , Fu Junjiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThymoquinone (TQ) has been reported as an anti‐tumour drug widely studied in various tumours, and its mechanism and effect of which has become a focus of current research. However, previous studies from our laboratory and other groups found that TQ showed weak anti‐tumour effects in many cancer cell lines and animal models. Therefore, it is necessary to modify and optimize the structure of TQ to obtain new chemical entities with high efficiency and low toxicity as candidates for development of new drugs in treating cancer. Therefore, we designed and synthesized several TQ derivatives. Systematic analysis, including in vitro and in vivo, was conducted on a panel of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and mouse model to demonstrate whether TQFL12, a new TQ derivative, is more efficient than TQ. We found that the anti‐proliferative effect of TQFL12 against TNBC cells is significantly stronger than TQ. We also demonstrated TQFL12 affects different aspects in breast cancer development including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Moreover, TQFL12 inhibited tumour growth and metastasis in cancer cell–derived xenograft mouse model, with less toxicity compared with TQ. Finally, mechanism research indicated that TQFL12 increased AMPK/ACC activity by stabilizing AMPKα, while molecular docking supported the direct interaction between TQFL12 and AMPKα. Taken together, our findings suggest that TQFL12, as a novel chemical entity, possesses a better inhibitory effect on TNBC cells and less toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. As such, TQFL12 could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
Hypoxia blocks ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via suppression of METTL14 triggered YTHDF2‐dependent silencing of SLC7A11
Authors: Fan Zhuoyang , Yang Guowei , Zhang Wei , Liu Qian , Liu Guangqin , Liu Pingping , Xu Ligang , Wang Jianhua , Yan Zhiping , Han Hong , Liu Rong , Shu Minfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResidue hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells enduring hypoxic environment triggered by interventional embolization obtain more malignant potential with little clarified mechanism. The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) biological activity plays essential roles in diverse physiological processes. However, its role under hypoxic condition remains largely unexplored. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate METTL14 expression in hypoxic HCC cells. MDA assay and electronic microscopy photography were used to evaluate ferroptosis. The correlation between SLC7A11 and METTL14 was conducted by bioinformatical analysis. Flow cytometry was used to verify the effect of SLC7A11 on ROS production. Cell counting kit‐8 assay was performed to detect cells proliferation ability. Hypoxia triggered suppression of METTL14 in a HIF‐1α–dependent manner potently abrogated ferroptosis of HCC cells. Mechanistic investigation identified SLC7A11 was a direct target of METTL14. Both in vitro and in vivo assay demonstrated that METTL14 induced m6A modification at 5’UTR of SLC7A11 mRNA, which in turn underwent degradation relied on the YTHDF2‐dependent pathway. Importantly, ectopic expression of SLC7A11 strongly blocked METTL14‐induced tumour‐suppressive effect in hypoxic HCC. Our investigations lay the emphasis on the hypoxia‐regulated ferroptosis in HCC cells and identify the HIF‐1α /METTL14/YTHDF2/SLC7A11 axis as a potential therapeutic target for the HCC interventional embolization treatment.
Effectiveness and safety of ertugliflozin for type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of data from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Fudan , Wang Wenting , Hou Xu 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the novel sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitor, ertugliflozin, compared with a placebo or other antihyperglycemic agents for type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the benefits and harms of ertugliflozin. Online database searches were carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane from inception up to 11 March 2021. Our end‐points were glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and bodyweight. We analyzed the results using a random effects model, computed weighted mean differences and risk ratios.ResultA total of 10 randomized controlled trials with 13,223 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with a placebo, the weighted mean differences in glycated hemoglobin were −0.77% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.86 to −0.68%) for ertugliflozin 5 mg, and −0.82% (95% CI −1.01 to −0.63%) for ertugliflozin 15 mg. Ertugliflozin 5 mg daily was also associated with bodyweight loss (weighted mean difference −1.87 kg, 95% CI −2.12 to −1.6). When compared with a placebo, ertugliflozin significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose by −1.62 mmol/L (weighted mean difference, 95% CI −1.82 to −1.42 for 5 mg ertugliflozin). Yet, we observed a rising risk for genital mycotic infections (risk ratio 4.34, 95% CI 2.78–6.76). The results were similar for the 15 mg ertugliflozin group.ConclusionErtugliflozin effectively reduces glycated hemoglobin levels and provides extra clinical benefits including bodyweight and fasting plasma glucose. Common adverse effects, including genital mycotic infections and so on, were reviewed.
Air pollution and CEO compensation: Evidence from China
Authors: Chan Kam C. , Chen Tao , Liu Baohua , Wu Junfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper complements the literature on green finance by probing whether air pollution matters for CEO compensation. Using a sample covering 240 cities in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2017, we document a positive association between air pollution and CEO compensation. These findings indicate that firms headquartered in areas with unhealthy air compensate their CEOs with higher pay than those headquartered in areas with better air quality. Moreover, two potential channels are validated to interpret the positive pollution‐pay linkage: income comparison and executive shortage. Finally, we show that air pollution attenuates the pay‐performance sensitivity, indirectly confirming an essential role of the living environment in determining CEO compensation.
Triboelectric charging of 3‐in‐1 coffee mixes: Formulation and fouling
Authors: Lim Teng Shuen Ernest , Lim Eileen , Tay Wei Quan , Cruz Denise Alison , Wong Shin Yee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn powder processing, fouling is a serious and common issue. This is caused by powder adhesion on processing surfaces, leading to clogging and disruption. Most of the time, powder adhesion is due to triboelectric charging. Electrostatically charged powder adheres to surfaces, accumulating and eventually leading to blockage of channels (e.g., transfer pipes, etc.). This production problem is usually discovered during manufacturing scale‐up. The characteristics of the powder correlate with the extent of triboelectric charging, and thus it is possible to predict this production problem during the product formulation/development stage. A case study to predict and prevent fouling for 3‐in‐1 coffee powder and its components (sugar, coffee, and creamer) was investigated. First, the electrostatic charge of the commercial 3‐in‐1 coffee mixes and their individual ingredients were measured. Analytical tests were also conducted to correlate the electrostatic charge to the components in each ingredient. For sugar, higher mineral levels lead to less negative charge. For coffee, powders with higher caffeine levels lead to more negative charge. For creamer, a polynomial correlation was observed from 1 to 35% fat, with negative charge at 1–8% fat content, zero charge at 8–10%, and positive charge at 10–25% fat. Beyond 25% fat, charge is reduced significantly along with undesirable aggregate formation. This relation between fat percentage and charge holds even after the creamer is mixed with sugar and coffee to form 3‐in‐1 mixes. Hence to reduce charge and therefore reduce fouling, sugar with high mineral content, coffee powder with low caffeine content, and creamers with low fat content (<10%) are recommended.Practical ApplicationsPowder adhesion to surfaces due to electrostatic charge causes fouling and clogging that disrupts the packaging process of 3‐in‐1 instant coffee mix. We have investigated the ingredients (sugar, coffee, and creamer) of the mix and have determined how each ingredient affects the charging behavior of the final blend. The results demonstrated that electrostatic charge should be taken into account during formulation, to avoid potential fouling issues during scale‐up or processing.