bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of Carbonyls and Imines Using Silicon Hydrides
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Tan Choon‐Hong , Wang Hong , Ye Xinyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones and ketimines represents one of the most important and practical chemical transformations toward the synthesis of valuable chiral alcohols and amines. Among the existing strategies, organocatalyzed asymmetric reduction of carbonyls and imines using silicon hydrides is attractive due to low‐cost, chemical stability, and easy handling in experiments. In this review, we wish to highlight the recent progress made in the past fifteen years in this field. Four catalytic systems of different activation modes are presented and discussed in detail. We aim to help shed light on common features that enable highly enantioselective silicon hydride reductions through organocatalysis and provide the design principles for the development of more effective catalytic systems.
Numerical and experimental study of cedar façade fire
Authors: Zhou Biao , Yoshioka Hideki , Kanematsu Manabu , Noguchi Takafumi 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis article presents a large eddy simulation and experimental study of cedar façade behavior exposed to a 900 kW window spilled flame. The experiments used for validation were carried out in the Building Research of Institute of Japan in Tsukuba according to JIS A 1310 method. The compartment fire was modeled by using the modified eddy dissipation model with a diffusion mixing time scale for the near wall laminar region of combustion model, oneEqEddy model of turbulence model, pyrolysis chemistry mode of pyrolysis model, and finite volume discrete ordinates method of radiation model. The fire flame is treated as optically thin, and a fixed radiant fraction 0.35 is used to calculate the radiation source term. The pyrolysis model of cedar was modeled and optimized according to the results of fire propagation apparatus test. The influence of cedar parameters on time‐to‐pHRR (peak HRR), pHRR, and (total heat release rate) THR curves of facade fire were clarified by a series of simulation varying from thermal density, conductivity, heat capacity, and pyrolysis reaction parameters. It indicates the simulation results show a reasonable good quantitative agreement with experimental measurements. The activation energy of cedar pyrolysis shows a great influence on the time‐to‐pHRR, low pHRR, and THR of cedar facade.
Developing a competency framework for managers to address suicide risk in the workplace
Authors: O'Brien Sinéad , Galavan Eoin , O'Shea Deirdre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmployee mental health, and in particular, suicide risks, are things that managers often do not feel comfortable in addressing, leading to lack of knowledge, awareness, and support within an organization. The purpose of this research was to investigate the competencies required by managers to enable them to effectively address suicide risks arising with employees. Suicide‐related ideations are thought to be characterized by experiences of burdensomeness and thwarted connectedness. Drawing on clinical, managerial, and adaptive performance competencies, we examined competencies related to creating meaningfulness (as a counter to burdensomeness) and addressing employee's need for relatedness (as a counter to thwarted connectedness) in terms of how managers assist employees presenting with suicide‐related ideations in the workplace. To investigate this and develop a competency framework, we conducted qualitative interviews with 18 managers, drawing on existing interview protocols of critical incidents and behavioral event interviews for the elicitation of competencies. Competencies in adaptive performance (and particularly crisis management) emerged as important for facilitating managers’ interactions with employees who may present with suicidality. This research provides a first step in developing resources to equip managers with the necessary competencies that are needed to deal with employees experiencing suicide‐related ideations (i.e. perceived burdensomeness and thwarted connectedness). The framework is also useful as an initial step to support human resource development (HRD) professionals develop interventions such as training and/or mentoring programs for managers to address this very important issue.
A simple, sensitive, and low‐cost FACS assay for detecting antibodies against the native SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein
Authors: Hambach Julia , Stähler Tobias , Eden Thomas , Wendt Dorte , Tode Natalie , Haag Friedrich , Tolosa Eva , Altfeld Marcus , Fathi Anahita , Dahlke Christine , Addo Marylyn M. , Menzel Stephan , Koch‐Nolte Friedrich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hamburg is a city state of approximately 1.9 Mio inhabitants in Northern Germany. Currently, the COVID‐19 epidemic that had largely subsided during last summer is resurging in Hamburg and in other parts of the world, underlining the need for additional tools to monitor SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses.
Aim: We aimed to develop and validate a simple, low‐cost assay for detecting antibodies against the native coronavirus 2 spike protein (CoV‐2 S) that does not require recombinant protein or virus.
Method: We transiently co‐transfected HEK cells or CHO cells with expression vectors encoding CoV‐2 S and nuclear GFP. Spike protein‐specific antibodies in human serum samples bound to transfected cells were detected with fluorochrome conjugated secondary antibodies by flow cytometry orimmunofluorescence microscopy. We applied this assay to monitor antibody development in COVID‐19 patients, household contacts, and hospital personnel during the ongoing epidemic in the city state of Hamburg.
Results: All recovered COVID‐19 patients showed high levels of CoV‐2 S‐specific antibodies. With one exception, all household members that did not develop symptoms also did not develop detectable antibodies. Similarly, lab personnel that worked during the epidemic and followed social distancing guidelines remained antibody‐negative.
Conclusion: We conclude that high‐titer CoV‐2 S‐specific antibodies are found in most recovered COVID‐19 patients and in symptomatic contacts, but only rarely in asymptomatic contacts. The assay may help health care providers to monitor disease progression and antibody responses in vaccination trials, to identify health care personnel that likely are resistant to re‐infection, and recovered individuals with high antibody titers that may be suitable asplasma and/or antibody donors.
Urine‐derived stem cells loaded onto a chitosan‐optimized biphasic calcium‐phosphate scaffold for repairing large segmental bone defects in rabbits
Authors: Liu Guoming , Sun Jiachen , Gong Min , Xing Fei , Wu Shuang , Xiang Zhou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe treatment of large segmental bone defects can be challenging for orthopedic surgeons. The development of bone tissue engineering technology, including the selection of seeding cells and the construction of scaffolds, provides a promising solution. In this study, we investigated osteogenic differentiation of human urine‐derived stem cells (hUSCs, a newly identified class of stem cells), and developed a novel porous hybrid scaffold using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramic ornamented with chitosan sponges (CS). We combined hUSCs with a CS/BCP hybrid scaffold to construct tissue‐engineered bone and evaluated whether the combination promotes bone regeneration in large segmental bone defects in rabbits. The study showed that hUSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, and the hUSCs adhered, proliferated, and differentiated on CS/BCP hybrid scaffolds. Micro–computed tomography measurements, biomechanical detection, and histological analyses revealed that the combination of hUSCs and the CS/BCP hybrid scaffold enhanced bone regeneration more effectively compared with conventional pure BCP scaffolds, indicating that hUSCs can be used as a cell source for bone tissue engineering and that cell‐scaffold–based biomimetic bone may be a promising approach to the repair of bone defects.
ModelingUV–Visspectra of low dimensional materials using electrostatic embedding: The case ofCdSe
Authors: Luise Davide , Wilbraham Liam , Labat Frédéric , Ciofini Ilaria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a generalization of a self‐consistent electrostatic embedding approach (SC‐Ewald) devised to investigate the photophysical properties of 3D periodic materials, to systems in one‐ or two‐dimensional (2D) reduced periodicity. In this approach, calculations are carried out on a small finite molecular cluster extracted from a periodic model, while the crystalline environment is accounted for by an array of point charges which are fitted to reproduce the exact electrostatic potential (at ground or the excited state) of the infinite periodic system. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations are combined with time dependent DFT calculations to simulate absorption and emission properties of the extended system under investigation. We apply this method to compute the UV–Vis. spectra of bulk and quantum‐confined 0D quantum dots and 2D extended nanoplatelets of CdSe, due to their relevance as sensitizers in solar cells technologies. The influence of the size and shape of the finite cluster model chosen in the excited state calculations was also investigated and revealed that, although the long‐range electrostatics of the environment are important for the calculation of the UV–Vis, a subtle balance between short‐ and long‐range effects exists. These encouraging results demonstrate that this self‐consistent electrostatic embedding approach, when applied in different dimensions, can successfully model the photophysical properties of diverse material classes, making it an attractive low‐cost alternative to far more computationally demanding electronic structure methods for excited state calculations.
How prevalent is workplace mistreatment? A meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: Dhanani Lindsay Y. , LaPalme Matthew L. , Joseph Dana L. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryOrganizations, researchers, and policymakers rely on estimates of the prevalence of workplace mistreatment in numerous ways, including assessing the need for legal or organizational intervention. However, despite the importance of having accurate prevalence rate estimates, there has not been a systematic attempt to estimate the proportion of employees who encounter mistreatment. This study thus sought to meta‐analytically estimate the prevalence of a comprehensive set of forms of workplace mistreatment. In doing so, we reconcile the substantial variability in prevalence rates reported across studies by exploring factors that may influence prevalence rates. Results showed an average of 34% of employees experienced mistreatment and 44% of employees witnessed mistreatment. Estimates ranged from 16% to 75% for specific forms of experienced mistreatment and 20% to 79% for witnessed mistreatment. Prevalence rates also varied as a function of measurement characteristics. We next used our meta‐analytic prevalence rate estimates to infer the financial cost of mistreatment due to increased sickness absences and productivity loss. The estimated cost ranged from $691.70 billion to $1.97 trillion annually. Finally, results suggest that prevalence rates are lowest in countries where greater legal protections are offered to workers, illustrating the utility of legal efforts in mitigating mistreatment. Recommendations for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers are discussed.
Reduction in Pediatric Ambulatory Adenotonsillectomy Length of Stay Using Clinical Care Guidelines
Authors: Lavin Jennifer , Studer Abbey , Thompson Dana , Ida Jonathan , Rastatter Jeff , Manisha Patel , Huetteman Patricia , Hoeman Erin , Duggan Sarah , Birmingham Patrick , King Michael R. , Billings Kathleen 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveStandardization of postoperative care using clinical care guidelines (CCG) improves quality by minimizing unwarranted variation. It is unknown whether CCGs impact patient throughput in outpatient adenotonsillectomy (T&A). We hypothesize that CCG implementation is associated with decreased postoperative length of stay (LOS) in outpatient T&A.MethodsA multidisciplinary team was assembled to design and implement a T&A CCG. Standardized discharge criteria were established, including goal fluid intake and parental demonstration of medication administration. An order set was created that included a hard stop for discharge timeframe with choices “meets criteria,” “4‐hour observation,” and “overnight stay.” Consensus was achieved in June 2018, and the CCG was implemented in October 2018. Postoperative LOS for patients discharged the same day was tracked using control chart analysis with standard definitions for centerline shift being utilized. Trends in discharge timeframe selection were also followed.ResultsBetween July 2015 and August 2017, the average LOS was 4.82 hours. This decreased to 4.39 hours in September 2017 despite no known interventions and remained stable for 17 months. After CCG implementation, an initial trend toward increased LOS was followed by centerline shifts to 3.83 and 3.53 hours in March and October 2019, respectively. Selection of the “meets criteria” discharge timeframe increased over time after CCG implementation (R2 = 0.38 P = .003).ConclusionsImplementation of a CCG with standardized discharge criteria was associated with shortened postoperative LOS in outpatient T&A. Concurrently, surgeons shifted practice to discharge patients upon meeting criteria rather than after a designated timeframe.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2610–2615, 2021
Early pediatric Cochlear implantation: An update
Authors: Naik Akash N. , Varadarajan Varun V. , Malhotra Prashant S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe criteria and candidacy for pediatric cochlear implantation (CI) has significantly transformed over the past few decades and continues to evolve with technological advancements, and recognition of benefit in more diverse populations. Prolonged auditory deprivation among patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss has been shown to cause widespread degeneration in the central auditory system. Thus, there is increasing evidence advocating for earlier implantation within a critical neuroplastic window. However, there is a lack of consensus on this optimal age of implantation. Historically, there were concerns regarding surgical feasibility and safety, anesthesia risk, and logistical considerations in very young infants <12 months. Recent literature has investigated surgical safety and anesthesia risk as well speech and language outcomes with early implantation, resulting in the long‐awaited reduction in approved age by the FDA (<9 months for certain devices). This article reviews logistical considerations, surgical safety, anesthesia risk, and language developmental outcomes associated with early CI (<12 months).
Evaluation of novel AI‐based extended field‐of‐view CT reconstructions
Authors: Fonseca Gabriel Paiva , Baer‐Beck Matthias , Fournie Eric , Hofmann Christian , Rinaldi Ilaria , Ollers Michel C , van Elmpt Wouter J.C. , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: May 2021

PurposeModern computed tomography (CT) scanners have an extended field‐of‐view (eFoV) for reconstructing images up to the bore size, which is relevant for patients with higher BMI or non‐isocentric positioning due to fixation devices. However, the accuracy of the image reconstruction in eFoV is not well known since truncated data are used. This study introduces a new deep learning‐based algorithm for extended field‐of‐view reconstruction and evaluates the accuracy of the eFoV reconstruction focusing on aspects relevant for radiotherapy.MethodsA life‐size three‐dimensional (3D) printed thorax phantom, based on a patient CT for which eFoV was necessary, was manufactured and used as reference. The phantom has holes allowing the placement of tissue mimicking inserts used to evaluate the Hounsfield unit (HU) accuracy. CT images of the phantom were acquired using different configurations aiming to evaluate geometric and HU accuracy in the eFoV. Image reconstruction was performed using a state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction algorithm (HDFoV), commercially available, and the novel deep learning‐based approach (HDeepFoV). Five patient cases were selected to evaluate the performance of both algorithms on patient data. There is no ground truth for patients so the reconstructions were qualitatively evaluated by five physicians and five medical physicists.ResultsThe phantom geometry reconstructed with HDFoV showed boundary deviations from 1.0 to 2.5 cm depending on the volume of the phantom outside the regular scan field of view. HDeepFoV showed a superior performance regardless of the volume of the phantom within eFOV with a maximum boundary deviation below 1.0 cm. The maximum HU (absolute) difference for soft issue inserts is below 79 and 41 HU for HDFoV and HDeepFoV, respectively. HDeepFoV has a maximum deviation of −18 HU for an inhaled lung insert while HDFoV reached a 229 HU difference. The qualitative evaluation of patient cases shows that the novel deep learning approach produces images that look more realistic and have fewer artifacts.ConclusionTo be able to reconstruct images outside the sFoV of the CT scanner there is no alternative than to use some kind of extrapolated data. In our study, we proposed and investigated a new deep learning‐based algorithm and compared it to a commercial solution for eFoV reconstruction. The deep learning‐based algorithm showed superior performance in quantitative evaluations based on phantom data and in qualitative assessments of patient data.
Optimal strategy in managing product quality risk for a risk‐averse manufacturer: Prevention or mitigation?
Authors: Chen Jing , Wei Hang , Xie Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe explore a single‐period manufacturing system in which component quality is random and a risk‐averse manufacturer decides whether to procure these components from an upstream supplier. We find that product recall insurance could significantly relieve financial pressure for a manufacturer with a high or medium risk aversion. Interestingly, as external failure cost becomes larger, the manufacturer should invest more in inspecting components than enlarging the coverage of insurance. Conversely, when component quality level becomes higher, the manufacturer would purchase an insurance with a larger coverage and set a smaller inspection level. We also find that product recall insurance and incoming inspection are substitutes when the manufacturer has a low risk aversion. While, for a manufacturer with a medium risk aversion, product recall insurance and incoming inspection become complements if the cost of product recall insurance is high.
Anxiety and stress severity are related to greater fear of missing out on rewarding experiences: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Elhai Jon D. , Yang Haibo , Montag Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fear of missing out on rewarding social experiences (FOMO) is an increasingly studied psychological construct, related to negative affectivity and increased online social engagement. Yet the heterogeneity of FOMO across individuals is not known. We conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA) of FOMO self‐report ratings to determine sample heterogeneity and uncover underlying subgroups (profiles) of participants. We recruited 920 undergraduate participants through a Chinese university for an online survey, administering the FOMO Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21. Results demonstrated support for a four‐profile LPA model based on FOMO ratings. Using multinomial logistic regression, more severe latent profiles (i.e., those with the greatest amount of FOMO endorsed) were associated with female sex, and higher stress and anxiety severity. Results suggest four distinct latent profiles based on FOMO ratings; findings are discussed in the context of self‐determination theory.
Clinical outcomes, management, and treatment patterns in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with radium‐223 in community compared to academic settings
Authors: Sartor Oliver , Appukkuttan Sreevalsa , Weiss Jeffrey , Tsao Che‐Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe most common site of disease in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the bone. The ALSYMPCA study demonstrated that radium‐223 significantly improved overall survival (OS) in mCRPC patients with symptomatic bone metastases and without visceral metastases. However, administration requires a multidisciplinary approach and an infrastructure that supports coordination of care, which may differ by practice site. We aimed to evaluate practice patterns and treatment outcomes in patients with mCRPC treated at a community practice (CP) compared with those treated at an academic center (AC).MethodsThis retrospective review included 200 adult mCRPC patients receiving radium‐223 between January 2014 and June 2017. The primary endpoint, OS, was estimated from the date of radium‐223 initiation. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of baseline characteristics, reasons for initiation and discontinuation of radium‐223, and treatment sequencing. A subset analysis of OS based on the number of radium‐223 doses and on sequencing of radium‐223 either before or after chemotherapy was also conducted.ResultsMost patients were treated at a CP (57%). Patients treated at CP sites were significantly older (74.9 vs. 71.9 years; p = .031) and had more comorbidities (Klabunde score 1.1 vs. 0.7; p = .020) than those in an AC but initiated treatment within a shorter period of time from diagnosis of mCRPC (1.3 vs. 1.9 years; p < .001) and received a greater mean number of radium‐223 doses (5.4 vs. 4.8; p = .001). There were no observed differences in OS between CPs versus ACs (21.6 vs. 20.7 months; p = .306). Overall, patients who received 5–6 doses versus 1–4 doses of radium‐223 had a longer median OS (23.3 vs. 6.4 months; p < .001). The most common reason for discontinuation in patients who did not complete treatment was disease progression. Overall, 43% of patients received radium‐223 monotherapy and 57% concurrently with other agents.ConclusionsMost patients received radium‐223 concurrently with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide and were able to complete 5–6 doses of radium‐223. Despite differences in the populations and treatment patterns, no survival differences between patients treated in ACs versus CPs were observed. Additional real‐world data are needed to validate these findings.
Regio and stereochemical probes of iodine interactions in diiodocyclododecanes
Authors: Martins Francisco A. , Freitas Matheus P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCyclododecane preferentially adopts a square‐like geometry, giving rise to corner and edge methylene (CH2) groups, whose hydrogens assume different orientations. In edge CH2 groups, hydrogens can be inward‐ (endo) and outward‐looking (exo) the ring. Herein, we have quantum‐chemically studied the replacement of two hydrogens in cyclododecane with iodines at the relative positions 1,4, 1,5, 1,6, and 1,7. Intramolecular interactions are only slightly unfavorable in 1,7‐diiodocyclododecane containing the organic iodines in the edge/endo positions, less than expected from steric considerations. This behavior was discussed in terms of transannular interactions, and a numerical estimation for the magnitude of the intramolecular interaction energy has been performed based on an isodesmic reaction scheme and by natural energy decomposition analysis. 1,5‐Diiodocyclododecane with both edge iodines in the endo orientation (occupying opposite faces of the ring) is strongly favored (by ca. 2.0 kcal mol−1) compared to the respective monosubstituted counterparts, due to highly stabilizing hyperconjugative interactions. Although halogen bonding involving anionic species is widely known, we show that organic halogens, in particular iodine, can be useful for stereochemical control in macrocycles.