bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational diabetes mellitus in women born small or premature: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsujimoto Yasushi , Kataoka Yuki , Banno Masahiro , Taito Shunsuke , Kokubo Masayo , Masuzawa Yuko , Yamamoto Yoshiko 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWomen born preterm or with low birthweight (LBW) have an increased future risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy; however, a quantitative summary of evidence is lacking.In this study, we aimed to investigate whether being born preterm, or with LBW or small for gestational age (SGA) are associated with GDM risk.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases and study registries, including ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP, from launch until 29 October 2020 for observational studies examining the association between birth weight or gestational age and GDM were eligible. We pooled the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model.ResultsEighteen studies were included (N = 827,382). The meta-analysis showed that being born preterm, with LBW or SGA was associated with increased risk of GDM (pooled odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.54 to 2.20; I2 = 78.3%; τ2 = 0.07). Given a GDM prevalence of 2.0%, 10%, and 20%, the absolute risk differences were 1.6%, 7.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. The certainty of evidence was low due to serious concerns of risk of bias and publication bias.ConclusionWomen born prematurely, with LBW or SGA status, may be at increased risk for GDM. However, whether this should be considered in clinical decision-making depends on the prevalence of GDM.What is already known on this subject?Approximately 10–15% of infants are born small or premature worldwide, and these children are at high risk of diseases, such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and kidney disease, in adulthood. A narrative review reported in 2007 that women born with LBW are at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, but included a small number of studies. Several subsequent studies have been published since then, but there is no quantitative summary of the relevant evidence to date.What this study adds?This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that provides a comprehensive summary of evidence on the association between birth size or premature birth and future GDM risk including previously unpublished data and a large sample size. LBW, preterm birth, and SGA status may be prognostic factors for GDM.
Combining Attention-based Multiple Instance Learning and Gaussian Processes for CT Hemorrhage Detection
Authors: Wu Yunan , Schmidt Arne , Hernández-Sánchez Enrique , Molina Rafael , Katsaggelos Aggelos K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening emergency with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Rapid and accurate detection of ICH is crucial for patients to get a timely treatment. In order to achieve the automatic diagnosis of ICH, most deep learning models rely on huge amounts of slice labels for training. Unfortunately, the manual annotation of CT slices by radiologists is time-consuming and costly. To diagnose ICH, in this work, we propose to use an attention-based multiple instance learning (Att-MIL) approach implemented through the combination of an attention-based convolutional neural network (Att-CNN) and a variational Gaussian process for multiple instance learning (VGP-MIL). Only labels at scan-level are necessary for training. Our method trains the model using scan labels and assigns each slice with an attention weight, which can be used to provide slice-level predictions, and uses the VGPMIL model based on low-dimensional features extracted by the Att-CNN to obtain improved predictions both at slice and scan levels. To analyze the performance of the proposed approach, our model has been trained on 1150 scans from an RSNA dataset and evaluated on 490 scans from an external CQ500 dataset. Our method outperforms other methods using the same scan-level training and is able to achieve comparable or even better results than other methods relying on slicelevel annotations.
Healthcare experience affects pain-specific responses to others’ suffering in the anterior insula
Authors: Corradi-Dell’Acqua Corrado , Hofstetter Christoph , Sharvit Gil , Hugli Olivier , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMedical students and professional healthcare providers often underestimate patients’ pain, together with decreased neural responses to pain information in the anterior insula (AI), a brain region implicated in self-pain processing and negative affect. However, the functional significance and specificity of these neural changes remains debated. Across two experiments, we recruited university medical students and emergency nurses to test the role of healthcare experience on the brain reactivity to other’s pain, emotions, and beliefs, using both pictorial and verbal cues. Brain responses to self-pain was also assessed and compared with those to observed pain. Our results confirmed that healthcare experience decreased the activity in AI in response to others’ suffering. This effect was independent from stimulus modality (pictures or texts), but specific for pain, as it did not generalize to inferences about other mental or affective states. Furthermore, representational similarity and multivariate pattern analysis revealed that healthcare experience impacted specifically a component of the neural representation of others’ pain that is shared with that of first-hand nociception, and related more to AI than to other pain-responsive regions. Taken together, our study suggests a decreased propensity to appraise others’ suffering as one’s own, associated with a reduced recruitment of pain-specific information in AI. These findings provide new insights into neural mechanisms leading to pain underestimation by caregivers in clinical settings.
Plakoglobin and HMGB1 mediate intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis induced by Clostridioides difficile TcdB
Authors: Li Yingxue , Xu Wei , Ren Yutian , Cheung Hung-Chi , Huang Panpan , Kaur Guneet , Kuo Chih-Jung , McDonough Sean P. , Fubini Susan L. , Lipkin Stephen M. , Deng Xin , Chang Yung-Fu , Huang Linfeng 
Published: July 2021

SummaryClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated intestinal disease, resulting in severe diarrhea and fatal pseudomembranous colitis. TcdB, one of the essential virulence factors secreted by this bacterium, induces host cell apoptosis through a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we performed an RNAi screen customized to Caco-2 cells, a cell line model of the intestinal epithelium, to discover host factors involved in TcdB-induced apoptosis. We identified plakoglobin, also known as junction plakoglobin (JUP) or γ-catenin, a member of the catenin family, as a novel host factor, and a previously known cell death-related chromatin factor, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Disruption of those host factors by RNAi and CRISPR resulted in resistance of cells to TcdB-mediated and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. JUP was redistributed from adherens junctions to the mitochondria and colocalized with Bcl-XL after stimulation by TcdB, suggesting a role of JUP in cell death signaling through mitochondria. Treatment with glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, resulted in significantly increased resistance to TcdB-induced epithelial damage in cultured cells and a mouse ligated colon loop model. These findings demonstrate the critical roles of JUP and HMGB1 in TcdB-induced epithelial cell apoptosis.
Reward and expectancy effects on neural signals of motor preparation and execution
Authors: Chen Xing-Jie , van den Berg Berry , Kwak Youngbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe prospect of rewards can have strong modulatory effects on response preparation. Importantly, selection and execution of movements in real life happens under an environment characterized by uncertainty and dynamic changes. The current study investigated how the brain’s motor system adapts to the dynamic changes in the environment in pursuit of rewards. In addition, we studied how the prefrontal cognitive control system contributes in this adaptive control of motor behavior. To this end, we tested the effect of rewards and expectancy on the hallmark neural signals that reflect activity in motor and prefrontal systems, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and the mediofrontal (mPFC) theta oscillations, while participants performed an expected and unexpected action to retrieve rewards. To better capture the dynamic changes in neural processes represented in the LRP waveform, we decomposed the LRP into the preparation (LRPprep) and execution (LRPexec) components. The overall pattern of LRPprepand LRPexecconfirmed that they each reflect motor preparation based on the expectancy and motor execution when making a response that is either or not in line with the expectations. In the comparison of LRP magnitude across task conditions, we found a greater LRPprepwhen large rewards were more likely, reflecting a greater motor preparation to obtain larger rewards. We also found a greater LRPexecwhen large rewards were presented unexpectedly, suggesting a greater motor effort placed for executing a correct movement when presented with large rewards. In the analysis of mPFC theta, we found a greater theta power prior to performing an unexpected than expected response, indicating its contribution in response conflict resolution. Collectively, these results demonstrate an optimized motor control to maximize rewards under the dynamic changes of real-life environment.
Economic costs of biological invasions in the United States
Authors: Fantle-Lepczyk Jean E. , Haubrock Phillip J. , Kramer Andrew M. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Turbelin Anna J. , Crystal-Ornelas Robert , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe United States has thousands of invasive species, representing a sizable, but unknown burden to the national economy. Given the potential economic repercussions of invasive species, quantifying these costs is of paramount importance both for national economies and invasion management. Here, we used a novel global database of invasion costs (InvaCost) to quantify the overall costs of invasive species in the United States across spatiotemporal, taxonomic, and socioeconomic scales. From 1960 to 2020, reported invasion costs totaled $4.52 trillion (USD 2017). Considering only observed, highly reliable costs, this total cost reached $1.22 trillion with an average annual cost of $19.94 billion/year. These costs increased from $2.00 billion annually between 1960-1969 to $21.08 billion annually between 2010-2020. Most costs (73%) were related to resource damages and losses ($896.22 billion), as opposed to management expenditures ($46.54 billion). Moreover, the majority of costs were reported from invaders from terrestrial habitats ($643.51 billion, 53%) and agriculture was the most impacted sector ($509.55 billion). From a taxonomic perspective, mammals ($234.71 billion) and insects ($126.42 billion) were the taxonomic groups responsible for the greatest costs. Considering the apparent rising costs of invasions, coupled with increasing numbers of invasive species and the current lack of cost information for most known invaders, our findings provide critical information for policymakers and managers.
Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis of human dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Nguyen Minh Q. , von Buchholtz Lars J. , Reker Ashlie N. , Ryba Nicholas J. P. , Davidson Steve 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSomatosensory neurons with cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) project to the skin, muscles, bones, and viscera to detect touch and temperature as well as to mediate proprioception and many types of interoception. In addition, the somatosensory system conveys the clinically relevant noxious sensations of pain and itch. Here we used single nuclear transcriptomics to characterize the classes of human DRG neurons that detect these diverse types of stimuli. Notably, multiple types of human DRG neurons have transcriptomic features that resemble their mouse counterparts although expression of genes considered important for sensory function often differed between species. More unexpectedly, we demonstrated that several classes of mouse neurons have no direct equivalents in humans and human specific cell-types were also identified. This dataset should serve as a valuable resource for the community, for example as means of focusing translational efforts on molecules with conserved expression across species.
Single-domain antibodies for targeting, detection andin vivoimaging of human CD4+cells
Authors: Traenkle Bjoern , Kaiser Philipp D. , Pezzana Stefania , Richardson Jennifer , Gramlich Marius , Wagner Teresa R. , Seyfried Dominik , Weldle Melissa , Holz Stefanie , Parfyonova Yana , Nueske Stefan , Scholz Armin M. , Zeck Anne , Jakobi Meike , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Schaller Martin , Maurer Andreas , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Kneilling Manfred , Pichler Bernd J. , Sonanini Dominik , Rothbauer Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates appropriate probes to monitor the presence and distribution of distinct immune cell populations. Considering the key role of CD4+T cells in regulating immunological processes, we generated novel single-domain antibodies (nanobodies, Nbs) that specifically recognize human CD4. After in depth analysis of their binding properties, recognized epitopes, and effects on T cell proliferation, activation and cytokine release, we selected CD4 Nbs that did not interfere with crucial T cell processesin vitroand converted them into immune tracers for non-invasive molecular imaging.By optical imaging, we demonstrate the ability of a high-affinity CD4-Nb to specifically visualize CD4+cellsin vivousing a xenograft model. Furthermore, time-resolved immune positron emission tomography (immunoPET) of a human CD4 knock-in mouse model showed rapid accumulation of64Cu-radiolabeled CD4-Nb in CD4+T cell-rich tissues. We propose that the CD4 Nbs presented here could serve as versatile probes for stratifying patients and monitoring individual immune responses during personalized immunotherapy in both cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Hundreds of viral families in the healthy infant gut
Authors: Shah Shiraz A. , Deng Ling , Thorsen Jonathan , Pedersen Anders G. , Dion Moïra B. , Castro-Mejía Josué L. , Silins Ronalds , Romme Fie O. , Sausset Romain , Ndela Eric Olo , Hjemlsø Mathis , Rasmussen Morten A. , Redgwell Tamsin A. , Vestergaard Gisle , Zhang Yichang , Sørensen Søren J. , Bisgaard Hans , Enault Francois , Stokholm Jakob , Moineau Sylvain , Petit Marie-Agnès , Nielsen Dennis S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiome (GM) is shaped through infancy and plays a major role in determining susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases later in life. Bacteriophages (phages) are known to modulate bacterial populations in numerous ecosystems, including the gut. However, virome data is difficult to analyse because it mostly consists of unknown viruses, i.e. viral dark matter. Here, we manually resolved the viral dark matter in the largest human virome study published to date. Fecal viromes from a cohort of 647 infants at 1 year of age were deeply sequenced and analysed through successive rounds of clustering and curation. We uncovered more than ten thousand viral species distributed over 248 viral families falling within 17 viral order-level clades. Most of the defined viral families and orders were novel and belonged to theCaudoviricetesviral class. Bacterial hosts were predicted for 79% of the viral species using CRISPR spacers, including those in metagenomes from the same fecal samples. WhileBacteroides-infecting Crassphages were present, novel viral families were more predominant, including phages infecting Clostridiales andBifidobacterium. Phage lifestyles were determined for more than three thousand caudoviral species. Lifestyles were homogeneous at the family level for 149Caudoviricetesfamilies, including 32 families that were found to be virulent, while 117 were temperate. Virulent phage families were more abundant but temperate ones were more diverse and widespread. Together, the viral families found in this study represent a major expansion of existing bacteriophage taxonomy.
A genome-wide association study of serum proteins reveals shared loci with common diseases
Authors: Gudjonsson Alexander , Gudmundsdottir Valborg , Axelsson Gisli T , Gudmundsson Elias F , Jonsson Brynjolfur G , Launer Lenore J , Lamb John R , Jennings Lori L , Aspelund Thor , Emilsson Valur , Gudnason Vilmundur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the growing number of genetic association studies, the genotype-phenotype atlas has become increasingly more complex, yet the functional consequences of most disease associated alleles is not understood. The measurement of protein level variation in solid tissues and biofluids integrated with genetic variants offers a path to deeper functional insights. Here we present a large-scale proteogenomic study in 5,368 individuals, revealing 4,113 independent associations between genetic variants and 2,099 serum proteins, of which 37% are previously unreported. The majority of bothcis- andtrans-acting genetic signals are unique for a single protein, although our results also highlight numerous highly pleiotropic genetic effects on protein levels and demonstrate that a protein’s genetic association profile reflects certain characteristics of the protein, including its location in protein networks, tissue specificity and intolerance to loss of function mutations. Integrating protein measurements with deep phenotyping of the cohort, we observe substantial enrichment of phenotype associations for serum proteins regulated by established GWAS loci, and offer new insights into the interplay between genetics, serum protein levels and complex disease.
Extrachromosomal DNA is associated with chromothripsis events and diverse prognoses in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xue-Ke , Xing Pengwei , Song Xin , Zhao Miao , Zhao Linxuan , Dang Yonglong , Lei Ling-Ling , Xu Rui-Hua , Han Wen-Li , Wang Pan-Pan , Yang Miao-Miao , Hu Jing-Feng , Zhong Kan , Zhou Fu-You , Han Xue-Na , Meng Chao-Long , Ji Jia-Jia , Chen Xingqi , Wang Li-Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtrachromosomal DNA plays an important role in oncogene amplification in tumour cells and poor outcomes across multiple cancers. However, the function of extrachromosomal DNA in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is very limited. Here, we investigated the availability and function of extrachromosomal DNA in GCA from a Chinese cohort of GCA using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and immunohistochemistry. For the first time, we identified the ecDNA amplicons present in most GCA patients, and found that some oncogenes are present as ecDNA amplicons in these patients. We found that oncogene ecDNA amplicons in the GCA cohort were associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits in the geographic region. Strikingly, we observed diverse correlations between the presence of ecDNA oncogene amplicons and prognosis, where ERBB2 ecDNA amplicons correlated with good prognosis, EGFR ecDNA amplicons correlated with poor prognosis, and CCNE1 ecDNA amplicons did not correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients revealed that there was a positive correlation between the presence of ERBB2 and prognosis in 2-7-year survival; however, there was a negative correlation between the presence of ERBB2 and prognosis in 0-2-year survival. Our observations indicate that the presence of ERBB2 ecDNA in GCA patients may represent a good prognosis marker.
The first observation of osmotically neutral sodium accumulation in the myocardial interstitium
Authors: Artyukov I. , Arutyunov G. , Bobrov M. , Bukreeva I. , Cedola A. , Dragunov D. , Feshchenko R. , Fratini M. , Mitrokhin V. , Sokolova A. , Vinogradov A. , Gianoncelli A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was the detection and quantification of the Na+ depositions in the extracellular matrix of myocardial tissue, which are suggested to be bound by negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) structures. The presented experimental results are based on high resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectromicroscopy technique used to perform a comparative analysis of sodium containment in intracellular and interstitial spaces of cardiac tissues taken from animals selected by low and high sodium intake rates. The experimental results obtained show that high sodium daily intake can result in a remarkable increase of sodium concentration in the myocardial interstitium.
Longitudinal Changes in Auditory and Reward Systems Following Receptive Music-Based Intervention in Older Adults
Authors: Quinci Milena Aiello , Belden Alexander , Goutama Valerie , Gong Dayang , Hanser Suzanne , Donovan Nancy J. , Geddes Maiya , Loui Psyche 
Published: July 2021

AbstractListening to pleasurable music is known to engage the brain’s reward system. This has motivated many cognitive-behavioral interventions for healthy aging, but little is known about the effects of music-based intervention (MBI) on activity and connectivity of the brain’s auditory and reward systems. Here we show preliminary evidence that brain network connectivity can change after receptive MBI in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Using a combination of whole-brain regression, seed-based connectivity analysis, and representational similarity analysis (RSA), we examined fMRI responses during music listening in older adults before and after an eight-week personalized MBI. Participants rated self-selected and researcher-selected musical excerpts on liking and familiarity. Parametric effects of liking, familiarity, and selection showed simultaneous activation in auditory, reward, and default mode network (DMN) areas. Functional connectivity within and between auditory and reward networks was modulated by participant liking and familiarity ratings. RSA showed significant representations of selection and novelty at both time-points, and an increase in striatal representation of musical stimuli following intervention. An exploratory seed-based connectivity analysis comparing pre- and post-intervention showed significant increase in functional connectivity between auditory regions and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Taken together, results show how regular music listening can provide an auditory channel towards the mPFC, thus offering a potential neural mechanism for MBI supporting healthy aging.