bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Cu2+ in polyphenol oxidase extract from purple eggplant for phenol degradation in coal wastewater treatment
Authors: Murniati A , Buchari B , Gandasasmita S , Nurachman Z , Kusumaningtiyas VA , Jasmansyah  , Budiman S , Hardian A , Herlinawati S , Ibrahim R M , Prajitno D H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cracking coal-forming organic compounds during the gasification process produces liquid waste containing phenolic compounds that require special handling based on their toxicity. As one of the components, there is liquid waste resulting from the coal gasification process. The purpose of this research was to study the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on phenol after the addition of Cu2+ to purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) extract and its potential to work more effectively in phenol biodegradation for coal wastewater containing phenol. Enzyme activity and phenol determination were carried out spectrophotometrically. The results showed PPO activity of 25.90-38.10 U/mL; 4.0 mM phenol and the activity of PPO-Cu2+ was 21.58-46.32 U/mL; 2-10 mM CuSO4; 2.0-4.0 mM phenol. Based on Michaelis Menten’s graph, the initial rate of PPO-Cu2+ was 0.015 mM/min and the initial rate of PPO was 0.15 mM/min using 2 mM phenol as a substrate. Lineweaver-Burk’s graph shows the KM of PPO-Cu2+ = 6.92 mM, which is lower than KM of PPO = 13.05 mM. Its means that the phenol response has a higher affinity for PPO-Cu2+ than PPO. The application of PPO-Cu2+ in purple eggplant extract works effectively as much as 46.7% for artificial coal liquid waste containing phenol.
A sustainable development strategy for mining industries in Citatah karst area in Bandung Basin
Authors: Rohaendi Nendi , Sukiyah Emi , Muslim Dicky , Cipta Athanasius 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCitatah karst area is located in the western margin of Bandung Basin, as the only mining area within the basin. However, the pressure from environmentalists to preserve the karst area and change the use of land to become a conservation area or geopark is very high. The study aims to define the strategy to manage karst land in urbanizing areas to support sustainable development. The method of study includes policy and stakeholder analyses. Further analysis will be based on Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation to apply land suitability analysis to seek the possibility of the Citatah karst area as geotourism and mine tourism. Karst area is an environmental complex system. Broad research to understand human-altered karst landscapes, karst ecosystems, karst disturbance, karst hydrology and also to manage karst lands in urbanizing areas in sustainable manners are needed. The provincial government agency has a master plan to develop the Citatah karst areas like agriculture, tourism, home industry, etc. The research result will support the plan on how to develop an assessment of the geosite and mining site present in Citatah karst area using multi criteria evaluation.
Techno-economic analysis study of coal gasification plant into various strategic chemicals
Authors: Tetrisyanda R , Wiguno A , Wibawa G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The abundant amount of coal reserves in Indonesia has a great potential to be used as a source of raw materials and energy for industry. However, the use of coal in meeting domestic needs is not optimally utilized, as indicated by the high number of raw coal exports abroad. In addition, the low quality of coal is also one of the reasons for its low utilization. The processing of coal into synthetic gas (syngas) opens the way downstream of coal-derived chemical products, namely dimethyl ether (DME), methanol, ammonia and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The integration of various chemical products is expected to maximize the potential of Indonesian coal. The plant capacity was 11540 tpd (tons per day) low-rank wet coal producing DME 2000 tpd, methanol 2500 tpd, ammonia 600 tpd and SNG 25 MMSCFD (million standard cubic feet per day). These chemical production technologies have been proven and are commercially available. Based on the results of the process and economic simulations, it is found that the establishment of a coal gasification plant into various integrated chemicals is feasible to be established with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12.46% and a payback period of 6 years and 5 months.
Techno-economic analysis of producing low heating value underground coal gasification gas in Indonesia
Authors: Huda M. , Salinita S. , Zulfahmi  , Madiutomo N , Handayani E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is currently reviewing the use of underground coal gasification (UCG) technology to utilize deep-seated coal. UCG may exploit the coal deposit that is not feasible for open-pit mines due to its great depths. In this study, the UCG plant in two coal mines, the Kideco Jaya Agung (KJA) and the Indominco (IMM) coal mines, will be compared their economics in producing low heating value gas with a capacity of 170,000 MJ/hour. The UCG plants implement the linking vertical well (LVW) technique combined with reverses combustion linking (RCL). The discounted cash flow (DCF) method is used for financial analysis to determine the minimum selling price of UCG low heating value gas. The study aims to understand the economic feasibility of applying UCG technology to Indonesia’s different characteristics of coal deposits. The results show the minimum prices of the low heating value UCG gas of KJA and IMM UCG plants are USD 3/MMBTU and USD 3.57/MMBTU, respectively. The operating cost of the IMM UCG is higher than that of the KJA UCG plant due to its thinner and deeper coal seams.
Domestication Strategies of Tinfoil Barb Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1854): Potential Candidate for Freshwater Aquaculture Development
Authors: Kusmini I I , Gustiano R , Radona D , Kurniawan K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper discussed domestication strategies of Tinfoil barb from different populations for evaluation of potential fish candidate for freshwater aquaculture development. Collection and maintenance of wild-caught adult fish was the first step in domestication strategies followed by characterization of fish, broodstocks selection and maturation, control of fish reproduction, and larval rearing. The Tinfoil barb presented an excellent performance to adapt to the new environment. This was indicated by survival rate of the fish acclimated in the captive environment of about 69.28 ± 19.64% for five weeks. Phenotypic characterization revealed that Tinfoil barb collected from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra have different morphological characters. Based on genetic characters, polymorphism percentage and heterozygosity of the Borneo tinfoil barb population provided the highest performance followed by Java and Sumatra. The growth model of all Tinfoil barb populations was allometric negative indicating a faster increase in length than in weight. Reproductive performance presented that the fecundity of Tinfoil barb female from Borneo was the highest (2795-5099 eggs/gram) followed by Sumatra (1822-2976 eggs/gram) and Java (2210 eggs/gram). The artificial reproduction performance of broodstock from Borneo also presented more excellent performance than other population after hormonal treatment. Fertility rate and hatching rate were 94,33+0,29 % and 77,44+1,03%, respectively. Java Tinfoil barb had fertility rate 93+0,05% and hatching rate 73,67+3,15%, while it was no fertility rate and hatching rate obtained from Sumatra brood-stock group. Wild-caught adult Tinfoil barb from Borneo population presented the best performance used for potential brood-stock regarding genetic characters, reproductive performances, and response to artificial reproduction. Future studies need to be concerned with the acceleration of gonad maturation and the improvement of larval rearing technology for improvement of domestication strategies of Tinfoil barb as a potential candidate for freshwater aquaculture development.
Effect of Fermented Rice Bran used as Feed Ingredient on Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed
Authors: Putra A N , Rohayati D , Syamsunarno M B , Mustahal  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented rice bran used as a feed ingredient on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of tilapia feed. The fermentation process was conducted under aerobic conditions using 2% Aspergillus niger for 24 hours. Moreover, three different types of feed were prepared with 3 replicates and these include treatment A (reference feed), B (unfermented rice bran feed), and C (fermented rice bran feed). These treatments were provided for the tilapia for 30 days. Meanwhile, the tilapia used had an average weight of 5 g/fish and reared using a recirculation system with a density of 16 fish/aquarium. The results showed that the value of ADCenergy (78.11%) in treatment C was significantly highest (P<0.05) compared to other treatments, while the lowest was in treatment B with 72.24%. The values of ADCdry matter (67.56%) and feed efficiency (64.20%) in treatment C were also higher (P<0.05) compared to treatment B with 57.02% and 54.74% respectively. However, there was no significantly difference (p>0.05) in the value of ADCprotein, ADClipid, and SGR among the treatments. These results indicate the rice bran fermented using A. niger is potential to be used as a raw material ingredient for tilapia feed.
Performance and Energy Consumption of Paddle Wheel Aerator Driven by Brushless DC Motor and AC Motor: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Fauzi Ahmat , Handoyo W T , Hakim A R , Hidayat F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energy demand for paddle wheel aerator in a shrimp pond is high and brings to second highest cost of operational behind feed supply. Most of wheel aerators are driven by electric motors than diesel engines as their easy operations. The electric motors need high electrical energy to drive wheel aerators along day and night. The common type of motor used is Alternating Current (AC) or induction motor, however Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor has potential electrical energy saving which need to be explored. This study objectives to find out performance of BLDC and AC motor as paddle wheel aerator driver. The motor’s performances were compared in term of operation of paddle wheel at various static loads. Both motor also challenged by On/Off running every 5 minutes, the treatment goal was to determine their reliability. Parameters observed included consumption of power, wheel rotary, torque, and efficiency, motor temperature as well. Results showed energy consumption of BLDC motor 51% lower than AC motor, and BLDC motor attained 89.99% of maximum efficiency while AC motor efficiency had 73.16%, however rotary wheel and torque both of them were similar. The On/Off treatment caused rising temperature of AC motor but did not affect the temperature of BLDC motor. Therefore, applied BLDC motor as paddle wheel aerator driver could be alternative way to reduce energy consumption without reducing its performance.
The Effectiveness of the Growth of a Consortium of Bacillus cereus Bacteria with Different Protein Sources
Authors: Feliatra F , Batubara U M , Mukti P R , Feliatra V A , Efendi I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of the benefits of probiotic bacteria is to become a source of protein that can be used as a product in the field of biotechnology with high use value. Proteins derived from bacteria are less widely used compared to animals and fungi. The aim of this study is to analyze the composition of the media and the optimal time for the growth of a consortium of Bacillus cereus bacteria. The experimental method used is a consortium of B. cereus bacteria isolates (5 Strains) six treatments in each B. cereus consortium, namely the addition of a different protein source (eggs and skim milk, the same carbohydrate source, namely Sago) and 3 different concentrations in each protein source (8%, 10%, and 12%) so that the treatment obtained was 6 treatments with 3 replications in each treatment. Measurement of bacterial culture growth was carried out every 6 hours for 24 hours using two methods, namely the TPC method and bacterial cell biomass. Optimal growth was found in sago media which was added in different concentrations, namely 12% due to growth in this medium which was close to the same results as growth in positive control. Growth on biomass measurements showed similar results to the growth pattern similar to TPC. While in milk sago media, the growth is less because the exponential and stationary phases are shorter.
The Dynamic of Fishermen’s Income and the Influencing Factors on the West and East Coasts of Sumatra Island
Authors: Hidayati D , Widayatun W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is known as a ‘Paradise under the Sea,’ with the richness and beauty of its coral reefs. This ecosystem is an important asset that has high economic value and a potential source of community income. However, this wealth has not been utilized optimally by coastal communities, especially fishermen. This is backed by their poor economic conditions. This paper discusses the dynamic of fishermen’s income and the influencing factors on the West and East Coasts of Sumatra Island. The fishermen’s income on both coasts is dominated by income from capture fisheries, which fluctuates throughout the year. The income of east coast fishermen is higher and more varied than west coast fishermen. This paper identifies three factors that influence the differences: 1) technological capacity of the fishermen’s fleet and fishing gear, 2) fish marketing and seasonal variations throughout the year, along with the degradation of coastal resources, and 3) policies and programs for fishermen’s empowerment and development in coastal areas. This paper uses quantitative and qualitative methods from the assessment of social aspects of coral reefs conducted by the COREMAP LIPI team. The authors also utilize secondary data from related documents, research results, papers and books.
Potency and Strategy of Aquaculture Development in Rokan Hilir Regency, Province of Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Effendi I , Elizal E , Zargustin D , Listihana W D , Wiyati R , Arizal N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rokan Hilir Regency is situated east coast of Sumatera in Riau Province. Fish production of the area dominated by capture fisheries (80.67%) compared to aquaculture production (19.33%), however, there is a demand for strengthening the role of aquacuture. This study aimed to analyze the prospects and strategies for developing aquaculture in this area. Primary data was obtained by measuring of water quality, observations of aquaculture objects and other supporting facilities. Interviews and discussion were conducted with fish farmers, community leaders, the fishing industry, local government officials and other stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from government and private institutions. This area has the potential for freshwater aquaculture of 102.80 ha, brackishwater aquaculture of 3,049.25 ha, and marine aquaculture of 118.330 ha. In 2019, aquaculture only utilized an area of around 2,879,107 ha, including 47,107 ha of freshwater (ponds), 10 ha of brackish, and 2,822 ha of shellfish ponds. Aquaculture production in 2019 was 15,006.34 tons consisting of fish production from ponds (blood clams and shrimp) 9,009.34 tons which was the main production, followed by fish production from ponds of 5,997 tons. In coastal waters, it is recommended to cultivate blood cockles and Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). While in inland waters, the recommended fish culture included tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), striped catfish (Pangasianodon sp), kissing gouramy (Osphronemus sp), and African catfish (Clarias gariepenus), both in ponds and floating net cages. The recommended development strategies include; training on aquaculture human resources, training on making their own feed, building seed and brood centers, and providing business stimulants in the form of seeds, making ponds and floating net cages as well as sustainable guidance from the fisheries industry and the government.
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Activities Socio-Economic Floating Net Cages (FNC) Business in the Koto Panjang Hydropower Reservoir, Riau Province
Authors: Hendrik H , Hendri R , Yolandika C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyse the impact of social activities related to cultivation and outside the cultivation business as well as economic activities before and after covid-19. The method used in this research is a survey method. Data collection was carried out on 20 farmers, three fish seller, and two fish feed sellers. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that before the pandemic, 80% of FNC cultivators’ social activities were done face-to-face and after the pandemic, only 40% were face-to-face and the rest were through mobile phones. Social activities outside the FNC such as worship, marriage and other attendance frequency is reduced by 5% - 25% after the pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic.
Mitigation Strategy for Fishermen’s Households as a Result of Covid-19 Pandemic Social Engineering in Sungai Kayu Ara Village
Authors: Fitriansyah P , Darwis  , Amrifo V , Ramadona T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 had a major impact on people’s lives, including the fishing community. Mitigation strategies are needed in order to reduce the impact of Covid-19. This research was conducted in March 2021 at Sungai Kayu Village. This village is one of the coastal villages located in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. The purpose of this study is to identify structural and non-structural mitigation and analyze the mitigation strategies carried out by fishing households in Sungai Kayu Ara Village. The method used in this study using the Survey Method. The population was fishing households totaling 48 households. The technique of determining the respondents is by census, which takes all the population as respondents. Data was collected by means of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, literature studies, and online searching of data and information. The data that used: qualitative descriptive analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Structural and non-structural Covid-19 mitigation in Sungai Kayu Ara Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency is more focused on implementing government policies stipulated by the Regent’s regulation on handling infectious diseases and the Regent’s regulation on the application of administrative sanctions for the enforcement of health protocols in handling infectious diseases. Mitigation strategies for fishermen households in Sungai Kayu Ara Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency due to the main social engineering of the covid-19 pandemic are: Selling fish caught by fishermen online, receiving protection fund and empowering fishermen, owning a plantation business (alternative business), receiving social assistance and have saving and emergency fund.
Morphoanatomy of Pangasionodon hypopthalmus Reared Under Controlled Photoperiod
Authors: Windarti  , Amin B , Simarmata A H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fish morphoanatomy is affected by environmental condition such as photoperiod duration. A research on the effects of shortened photoperiod on the morphoanatomy of Pangasionodon hypopthalmus has been conducted. There were 3 treatments applied, namely, 24 hours dark (24D), 18 hours dark (18D) and natural photoperiod (control). The fish, 8 cm total length (TL) and 4 gr body weight (BW) were reared in circular plastic tanks filled with 100 L freshwater and completed with aerators and circulation pumps, 30 fishes/tank. The fish was reared for 8 weeks and fed with commercial fish feed pellets, twice/day, at satiation. The dark condition was created by placing the tanks under dark tarp tents. Morphoanatomy data were studied by the end of experiment. Results shown that the survival of fish was 100%. The growth of fish reared in 24D and 18D was better, more than 20 cm TL and 85 gr BW, while that of the control was 18 cm TL and 72 gr BW. The condition factor as well as the liver condition of fish in all treatment was not different, it was around 1.2. The liver was reddish brown color, smooth and oily in which hepatosomatic index (HSI) value 0.023 in 24D; 0.027 in 18D and 0.048 in control. The visceralsonatic index (VSI) was 0.090 in 24D; 0.70 in 18D and 0.161 in control. In most of fishes reared in 24D and 18D, the gonad were in the 1st maturity stage (gonadosomatic index; GSI 0.0058 to 0.0068), while the gonad of some control fishes were in the 2nd maturity stage (GSI 0.0080). Data obtained shown that the morphoanatomical data (HSI, VSI and GSI) of the fish reared in lengthened dark were lower, but the growth data (TL and BW) was higher than those of the control, indicated that the fish reared in dark condition may allocated more energy for growing.
Study of Physicochemical of Rivers in DKI Jakarta Province
Authors: Prihatinningtyas E , Jasalesmana T , Novianti R , Nafisyah E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most of inland water in DKI Jakarta Province are highly polluted caused by the increase in urbanization, industrialization development and reclamation process. This research intend to conduct an initial characterization of the water quality in Jakarta. The survey was conducted in 9 location namely Kali Sunter 1, Kali Sunter 2, Cakung Drain, POM Vyle Pluit, Waduk Pluit, Museum Bahari, WTC Mangga Dua, Mookenvart and Pesanggrahan. Based on the level of salinity, the rivers are categorized into fresh water (Cakung Drain, WTC Mangga Dua, Mookenvart and Pesanggrahan) and brackish water (Kali Sunter 1, Kali Sunter 2, Pluit Village, Waduk Pluit, and Museum Bahari). The physicochemical measurement using Water Quality Checker reported turbidity and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) concentration were very high at all sampling locations. The Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value can be used to determine the pollution status. Pesanggrahan is the only river with a positive ORP value of 22 mV. It can be said that the pollution level of the Pesanggrahan is very low. The other rivers have a negative ORP value and the largest is in Kali Sunter 2. Serious efforts need to be made in dealing with inland waters pollution located in Jakarta.