bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of establishing parent support groups for children with congenital Zika syndrome and their families: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Smythe Tracey , Reichenberger Veronika , Pinzón Elisa María , Hurtado Isabel Cristina , Rubiano Luisa , Kuper Hannah 
Published: June 2021

Background: The Zika epidemic highlighted gaps in health and social care services for parents of children with developmental disabilities. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a 10-week support group, ‘Juntos’, as a community-based intervention for parents of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Colombia. Methods: Two facilitators delivered ‘Juntos’ to four groups of 8-10 caregivers. One researcher observed each group. Data were collected from: observation notes from 40 sessions, focus group discussions held after each session, pre- post intervention questionnaires with 34 caregivers, and semi-structured interviews conducted with four facilitators, 12 caregivers and three stakeholders. We used the Bowen framework in data analysis. Results: Acceptability and demand for the intervention were high. ‘Juntos’ was largely delivered with fidelity. Practicality was facilitated by providing transport costs and selecting convenient locations. Adaption requirements included additional organisational and social media support. Community health worker training may support integration and the established groups could facilitate programme expansion; however, participants perceived lack of prioritisation as a limitation. Participants’ knowledge and confidence to care for their child improved after programme enrolment. Conclusion: Acceptability, demand and practicality of ‘Juntos’ is high. Yet implementation is challenged by existing health systems gaps in support of children with CZS.
Capitalismo y pandemia. Reflexiones marxistas
Authors: Londoño Sergio Quintero 
Published: June 2021

Este texto analiza algunos elementos de la crisis sanitaria del Covid-19, que ha venido a profundizar las ya precarias condiciones sociales, políticas y económicas de la mayoría de la población mundial. Sin embargo, advierte que sus impactos no deben ser confundidos con las verdaderas causas, que se encuentran en la dinámica inmanente del capital. La reflexión se divide en tres apartados en los que se trabaja sobre 1) la dinámica del capital, develando que el modo de producción y reproducción social sólo se puede desarrollar en medio de contradicciones y crisis, hoy profundizadas por la pandemia; 2) “neoliberalismo” y pandemia, donde se destacan las principales medidas adoptadas por el capital en las últimas cuatro décadas, vulnerando derechos sociales, y particularmente la salud; y 3) impactos del Covid-19, donde se esbozan algunas características de la crisis sanitaria, sin perder de vista que ésta es consecuencia y no causa de la crisis capitalista. Palabras clave: marxismo; crisis del capital; Covid-19; “neoliberalismo”.
Análise sobre os direitos da pessoa idosa no Brasil: história, debates e desafios da conjuntura atual
Authors: De Frias Sandra Rabello , De Carvalho Andreia De Souza 
Published: June 2021

O artigo em questão apresenta um panorama histórico das legislações que formalizaram as políticas públicas voltadas à população idosa no Brasil e às lutas em torno de sua efetivação, a partir da Constituição de 1988 até os dias atuais, com destaque para criação dos canais de participação da sociedade civil no monitoramento e deliberação de tais direitos. A metodologia foi a revisão de bibliografia sobre o tema e análise qualitativa dos documentos oficiais que formalizam os direitos da pessoa idosa. Os resultados versam sobre a relação entre o controle social e a garantia dos direitos da pessoa idosa, através da consolidação de uma esfera pública não estatal, como conselhos, fóruns e conferências. A conclusão destaca a importância dos Conselhos de Direitos, numa conjuntura governamental de retração das políticas de participação da sociedade civil no acompanhamento dos processos democráticos que envolvem o controle social de tais políticas no cenário atual. Palavras-Chave: sociedade civil; pessoa idosa; políticas públicas.
Formação em tempos de pandemia: análise das atividades formativas desenvolvidas pelos cursos presenciais de Serviço Social no ano de 2020
Authors: Pereira Larissa Dahmer , Telles Andreza , Lopes Gabriella De Souza 
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta resultados parciais do projeto de pesquisa intitulado Ensino superior e cursos de Serviço Social no Brasil: monitoramento e análise do processo de expansão, perfil profissional e propostas curriculares, que se voltou para o acompanhamento da formação, no período da pandemia do coronavírus, em cursos presenciais de Serviço Social, públicos e privados. Justifica-se tendo em vista a tendência de crescente movimento de ampliação de matrículas em cursos de EaD e, por sua vez, uma clara retração nas matrículas em cursos presenciais privados de Serviço Social, o que se aprofundou com a pandemia. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram enviados formulários às coordenações de cursos de graduação presenciais de Serviço Social, públicos e privados, em todo o país. Buscou-se apreender quais atividades formativas foram (ou não) desenvolvidas nos dois períodos letivos de 2020 e quais as estratégias desenvolvidas para a consecução das mesmas. Salienta-se que os resultados apresentados no presente artigo são parciais, dado que a pesquisa permanece em curso e acompanhando o que vem ocorrendo na formação em tempos de pandemia. Desse modo, trata-se aqui da apresentação de um primeiro momento da pesquisa, mas que nos traz achados interessantes para pensar a formação, seus desafios e limites no delicado momento que vivenciamos. Palavras-Chave: ensino superior brasileiro; formação em Serviço Social; pandemia Covid-19.
Tübingen hip flexion splint for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children younger than six months age: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhi Xinwang , Xiao Xietian , Wan Yuwei , Wei Ping , Canavese Federico , Xu Hongwen 
Published: June 2021

Purpose To investigate the success rate of the Tübingen hip flexion splint (THFS) for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), of different severity as per the Graf classification, among infants younger than six months of age. The type and incidence rate of complications associated with THFS treatment were also evaluated. Methods The following databases were searched using keywords and limited for age less than six months: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed, between inception and July 2020. Articles were screened and extracted by two researchers, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated (methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria). R studio 1.3 was used for statistical analysis. The review process was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results After screening, eight articles were included in the analysis, contributing 1211 hips (875 patients). The overall success rate of THFS treatment is 91% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 to 0.95). The success rate by Graf type is as follows: type-II, 98% (95% CI 0.94 to 1.00); type-III, 96% (95% CI 0.88 to 1.00); and type-IV, 32% (95% CI 0.18 to 0.47). Complications (24/1211, 2%) included transient femoral nerve palsy (n = 1); avascular necrosis of the femoral head (n = 9) and residual acetabular dysplasia (n = 14). Conclusion THFS treatment is successful for Graf type-II and –III, but low for type-IV, with a low rate of complication. THFS may be an effective treatment option for DDH among infants less than six months of age. However, those with Graf type-IV require close monitoring. Level of Evidence III
Role of Concentrated Flow Pathways on the Movement of Pesticides through Agricultural Fields and Riparian Buffer Zones
Authors: Chandler Joseph W. , Preisendanz Heather E. , Veith Tamie L. , Elkin Kyle R. , Elliott Herschel A. , Watson John E. , Kleinman Peter J. A. 
Published: June 2021

HighlightsLand management and hydrologic connectivity cause concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) to serve various functions.Pesticide concentrations diminished along flow pathways from row-cropped fields through functional riparian zones.CFPs facilitated pesticide transport into pasture/hay fields from upgradient corn fields.Subsurface transport was likely a more important transport pathway relative to surface runoff for imidacloprid.Abstract. Riparian buffers, which are an important component of watershed management strategies, can effectively mitigate nutrients and pesticides in agricultural runoff. However, concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) can undermine the performance of buffers by allowing contaminant-laden runoff to bypass the mitigation potential offered by the buffer soils and vegetation. To determine the extent to which CFPs increase pesticide transport from agricultural fields to nearby streams, soil samples (0-2 cm depth) were collected along both CFPs and overland flow (OLF) pathways from the field to the stream for nine fields in a Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site in the ridge and valley physiographic region of Pennsylvania. Soil samples were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, and imidacloprid, with two dominant patterns emerging. In corn fields, pesticide concentrations were higher in OLF than CFP samples, suggesting that pesticides were mitigated during transport through each corn field. In contrast, hay and pasture fields, which had not been treated with any of the three pesticides of interest, had lower pesticide concentrations in the OLF samples than the CFP samples. Because the CFPs from these fields originated in upgradient unsampled corn fields, these results suggest that the CFPs were a conduit for pesticides applied in the corn fields and were simply flowing through the hay and pasture fields. Similarly, CFPs in riparian buffers and grass pathways located between the row-cropped fields and the stream tended to have lower concentrations than the upland field (OLF-F) but higher concentrations than the buffer OLF, suggesting a potential for increasing overland flow effectiveness in riparian zones by interrupting CFPs leading to the stream. This study highlights the importance of the land management factors and hydrologic connectivity that cause CFPs to serve different functions (mitigation or enhancement) as runoff is conveyed from agricultural fields to a riparian buffer, and ultimately to an adjacent stream. Further, the results highlight the need for design and maintenance solutions addressing the erosion and sediment control issues that commonly undermine agricultural buffer effectiveness. Keywords: Buffers, Concentrated flow, Contaminant fate and transport, Hydrology, Land management, Pesticides, Overland flow, Water quality.
Digital long-term laser frequency stabilization with an optical frequency comb
Authors: Zhou Pengpeng , Sun Wei , Liang Shiyong , Chen Shaolong , Zhou Zhiqiang , Huang Yao , Guan Hua , Gao Kelin 
Published: June 2021

Laser frequency stabilization plays an important role in high-precision spectroscopic measurements. Since high-accuracy commercial wavemeters became available, wavemeter-based frequency stabilization has found a broad application due to its convenience, flexibility, and wide applicability. However, such stabilization schemes frequently suffer from long-term drift, since the accuracy of the wavelength measurement of a wavemeter is affected by ambient temperature fluctuation. In this work, we demonstrate that such long-term drift can be suppressed by regularly calibrating the frequency of a wavemeter-locked laser utilizing an optical frequency comb, which has much better long-term stability. Under this dual-referenced locking scheme, the Allan deviation is reduced to 3.5 E-12 at 4000 s for a fiber laser operated at 548 nm, which when used in the optical Ramsey spectroscopic measurement of

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, reduces the standard deviation by as much as 40%, compared to the case when only wavemeter locking is applied.
High-contrast ratio and high-efficiency anamorphic DLP illumination system design with a freeform surface lens
Authors: Ding Wei-Chen , Pan Jui-wen 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an anamorphic digital light processing illumination system design with a freeform surface lens is described. A lens with a freeform surface lens is combined with the achromatic total internal reflection prism set for application in a relay lens system. In order to achieve a high contrast ratio without sacrificing illumination system efficiency, the novel, to the best of our knowledge, design uses an

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polynomial surface for the freeform surface lens to reduce the overlap angle of the anamorphic angular distribution in angular space. Moreover, there is no need to use a baffle at the aperture stop in this novel design. We can reach a half-cone angle of 17.49° in the

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direction of the angular distribution in angular space. The overlap angle is only 0.98°. Finally, with this novel design, we can achieve a high contrast ratio of 9128:1 and an illumination system efficiency is 66.4%. The four-corner average spot size at the active area of the digital micromirror device chip is controlled at about 240 µm, and the optical distortion is less than 1%. The corresponding lateral color aberration is 3.61 µm.
Highly efficient optical fiber sensor for instantaneous measurement of elevated temperature in dental hard tissues irradiated with an Nd:YaG laser
Authors: Naeem Zahraa J. , Salman Ansam M. , Faris Rawaa A. , Al-Janabi Abdulhadi 
Published: June 2021

In this in vitro experiment, the effect of 1.064 µm pulsed laser on both enamel- and dentin-dental tissues has been investigated. A total of fifty-five dental hard tissue samples were exposed to Nd:YAG laser that possesses a pulse width of 9 ns and 850 mJ of total energy. An optical fiber sensor was put behind the samples to measure the temperature instantaneously. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber sensor has been proposed and used to measure the heat generated in dental hard tissues instantaneously after the application of laser irradiation on the tissue surface. This optical sensor exhibits a fast response time of about 1 ms and high sensitivity with about 1.975 nm/°C. The findings of this study in decreasing the probability of pulpal necrosis structure while handling the tooth, whether for ablation, welding, or tooth resurfacing purposes, may establish standards for dentists and laser manufacturers (healthcare professionals) that should be followed.
Identification and quantification of fibrotic areas in the human retina using polarization-sensitive OCT
Authors: Motschi Alice R. , Roberts Philipp K. , Desissaire Sylvia , Schranz Markus , Schwarzhans Florian , Bogunović Hrvoje , Pircher Michael , Hitzenberger Christoph K. 
Published: June 2021

Subretinal fibrosis is one of the most prevalent causes of blindness in the elderly population, but a true gold standard to objectively diagnose fibrosis is still lacking. Since fibrotic tissue is birefringent, it can be detected by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). We present a new algorithm to automatically detect, segment, and quantify fibrotic lesions within 3D data sets recorded by PS-OCT. The algorithm first compensates for the birefringence of anterior ocular tissues and then uses the uniformity of the birefringent optic axis as an indicator to identify fibrotic tissue, which is then segmented and quantified. The algorithm was applied to 3D volumes recorded in 57 eyes of 57 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a spectral domain PS-OCT system. The results of fibrosis detection were compared to the clinical diagnosis based on color fundus photography (CFP), and the precision of fibrotic area measurement was assessed by three repeated measurements in a sub-set of 15 eyes. The average standard deviation of the fibrotic area obtained in eyes with a lesion area > 0.7 mm2 was 15%. Fibrosis detection by CFP and PS-OCT agreed in 48 cases, discrepancies were only observed in cases of lesion area < 0.7 mm2. These remaining discrepancies are discussed, and a new method to treat ambiguous cases is presented.
Challenges to nutrition management among patients using antiretroviral therapy in primary health ‘centres’ in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A phenomenological study
Authors: Ali Ewune Helen , Daka Kassa , Bekele Befekadu , Meskele Mengistu 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionNutritional management is a fundamental practice of concern to all patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The nature of HIV/AIDS and malnutrition impacts are interlocked and intensify one another.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore nutrition management challenges among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary health centres in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods and materialsWe used a hermeneutic (interpretive) phenomenological study design. The study used in-depth interviews to describe lived experiences among adult patients aged 18 and above. We selected the participants purposively until the saturation of the idea reached. We maintained the scientific rigor and trustworthiness by applying credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability, followed by translation and re-reading of the data has been achieved. The data have been analyzed through inductive thematic analysis assisted by NVIVO version 12 pro software.ResultNutrition management challenges for HIV patients have been described using six significant themes. The major themes were: acceptance of the disease and the health status; facilitators and barriers to treatment adherence; behavioural changes in eating patterns; experience of food insecurity issues; nutrition knowledge; and support. The themes have explained how patients using ART have been challenged to manage their nutrition ever since their diagnosis. Of all challenges, food insecurity is found to be the core reason for poor nutrition management.Conclusion and recommendationWe found that many factors in managing their nutrition challenged patients with HIV. There should be an increasing interest in managing food insecurity issues as food insecurity has been strongly related to other factors.
Human cultured IMR-32 neuronal-like and U87 glial-like cells have different patterns of toxicity under fluoride exposure
Authors: Puty Bruna , Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira , Nogueira Iago Cesar , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo , Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano , Lima Rafael Rodrigues 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFluoride (F) is a naturally exists in nature but several studies have indicated it as an environmental toxicant to all leaving beings. Human F exposure has increased over the years since this ion has been used by industry on foods, beverages, toothpastes and on water supply. Although F is safe at optimal concentrations in water supply, human exposure to high levels could trigger neurofunctional deficits.Materials and methodsIn this study, human glial-like (U87) and neuronal-like (IMR-32) cells lineages were used to access F toxicity and CNS cell sensibility on both cell facing the same protocol. Cells were exposed to F over 3, 5 and 10 days on two different F concentrations. Fluoride exposed cells were evaluated by standard toxicity assays to cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis and general cell metabolism. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by ATP and ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, GSH/GSSG ratio and comet assay.ResultsNo changes were observed in IMR-32 at any given time while after 10 days of exposure to 0.22μg/mL, U87 glial-like cells showed signs of toxicity such as decreased cell viability by necrosis while general cell metabolism was increased. Oxidative stress parameters were next evaluated only on U87 glial-like cells after 10 days of exposure. F induced a decrease on ATP levels while no changes were observed on reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased followed by DNA damage both on 0.22μg/mL F.ConclusionsOur results suggest an important differential behavior of the distinct types of cells exposed to the different fluoride concentrations, pointing that the U87 glial-like cells as more susceptible to damage triggered by this ion.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for migraine prevention: A protocol for a systematic review of controlled trials
Authors: Mohamad Safiai Nabil Izzaatie , Mohamad Nur Afiqah , Basri Hamidon , Inche Mat Liyana Najwa , Hoo Fan Kee , Abdul Rashid Anna Misyail , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Loh Wei Chao , Baharin Janudin , Fernandez Aaron , Samsudin Intan Nureslyna , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Siew Mooi Ching , Lee Kai Wei , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Wan Sulaiman Wan Aliaa 
Published: June 2021

Background
Migraine may lead to a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life with a subsequent substantial burden to society. Therapy options for treatment and prevention of migraine have progressed over the years and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the promising non-pharmacological options. It induces and alters electric current in the brain via repetitive non-invasive brain stimulation in high frequency. In migraine patients, two common stimulation sites are the M1 cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The mechanism on how rTMS exerts therapeutic effects on migraine is not fully established, but the main postulation is that the neuromodulation via high-frequency rTMS (hf-rTMS) might inhibit pain perception. However, evidence from studies has been conflicting, thus the usefulness of hf-rTMS as migraine preventive treatment is still uncertain at this moment.

Methods
This is a systematic review protocol describing essential reporting items based on the PRISMA for systematic review protocols (PRISMA-P) (Registration number: CRD42020220636). We aim to review the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of hf-rTMS at DLPFC in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) as migraine prophylactic treatment. We will search Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Biomed Central for relevant articles from randomised controlled clinical trials that used hf-rTMS applied at DLPFC for the treatment of migraine. The risk of bias will be assessed using the version 2 “Risk of bias” tool from Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.1. We will investigate the evidence on efficacy, tolerability and safety and we will compare the outcomes between the hf-rTMS intervention and sham groups.

Discussion
This systematic review will further determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of hf-rTMS applied at DLPFC for migraine prophylaxis. It will provide additional data for health practitioners and policymakers about the usefulness of hf-rTMS for migraine preventive treatment.