bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at First Service and Calving, Calving Interval, Open Days, and Number of Services Per Conception of Dairy Cows Under Small Holder in Siltie Zone, Ethiopia&nbsp;
Authors: Tolasa Bayesa Itafa , Andure Eyob Onto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to assess age at first service and calving, calving interval, open days, and number of service per conception of dairy cows under small holder in Siltie zone, Ethiopia. To do so, a total of one hundred eighty sample size was selected from three selected districts of Siltie zone purposively. Data were collected through interviews with household heads using a detailed and pre-tested questionnaire. All data collected from demographic information and management practices of dairy cows were analyzed using SPSS software, version 27.0 while all data obtained from reproduction performances of dairy cows were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 in the General Linear Model (GLM). In this investigation, we found that long age at first service (41.34±12.23, 37.561±85 and 30.87±8.65), for indigenous and (31.12±10.23, 27.24±7.35 and 25.45±8.45) for crossbred dairy cows in rural, peri‑urban and urban, months, respectively. Generally, the dairy cow were characterized by long time taken to reach age at first services and calving, long calving interval and, open days in the study area. Therefore, selective breeding program should be applied rather than rely only on AI/Bull service crossbreeding. Moreover, supportive materials that used for grinding and mixing feed such as fodder and crop residue should be provided for small holder producers by respective institutions.
Asymmetry in knowledge, attitudes, and practices of shark conservation advocates: sustainable shark fisheries vs. bans on fisheries and trade
Authors: Shiffman David S. , Macdonald Catherine , Wallace Scott S. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Current shark conservation and management conflicts represent an underrecognized expression of long-standing debates over whether the goal of modern conservation should be sustainable exploitation of natural resources or maximum possible preservation of wilderness and wildlife. In the developing world, exploitation of fisheries resources can be essential to food security and poverty alleviation, and management is typically focused on sustainably maximizing economic benefits. This approach aligns with traditional fisheries management and the perspectives of most surveyed scientific researchers who study sharks. However, in Europe and North America, sharks are increasingly venerated as wildlife to be preserved irrespective of conservation status, resulting in growing pressure to prohibit exploitation of sharks and trade in shark products. To understand the causes and significance of this divergence in goals, we surveyed 155 shark conservation focused environmental advocates from 78 environmental non-profits, and asked three key questions: (1) where do advocates get scientific information? (2) Does all policy-relevant scientific information reach advocates? and (3) Do advocates work towards the same policy goals identified by scientific researchers? Findings suggest many environmental advocates are aware of key scientific results and use science-based arguments in their advocacy, but a small but vocal subset of advocates report that they never read the scientific literature or speak to scientists. Engagement with science appears to be the key predictor of whether advocates support sustainable management of shark fisheries or bans on shark fishing and trade in shark products. Conservation is a normative discipline, and this analysis more clearly articulates two distinct perspectives in shark conservation. Most advocates support the same evidence-based policies as academic and government scientists, while a smaller percentage are driven more by moral and ethical beliefs, and may not find scientific research relevant or persuasive. A values-based perspective is also a valid approach to conservation, but claiming that it is a science-based approach while misrepresenting the science is problematic. This suggests possible alternative avenues for engaging diverse stakeholders in productive discussions about shark conservation.
The Influencing Factors of Health-related Quality of Life Among Rural Hypertensive Individuals: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sang Shengxiang , Kang Ning , Liao Wei , Wu Xueyan , Hu Ze , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Chong-jian , Zhang Hongjian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous reports regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypertensive individuals commonly concentrated on urban population. This study focused on rural population and aimed to explore the influencing factors of HRQoL. Methods: Date were derived from Henan Rural Cohort study. The HRQoL of participants were assessed via European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L) instrument. Tobit regression model and generalized linear model were employed to explore the influencing factors of HRQoL. Another binary logistic regression was utilized to examine the robustness of our results.Results: Among 23485 rural population, 8128 participants were identified with hypertension. The mean (SD) utility index and VAS score of non-hypertension group were 0.96 (0.09) and 79.66 (14.20), respectively, while in hypertension group were 0.94 (0.14) and 75.88 (15.50), respectively.Pain/discomfort was the most common self-reported problem (23.05%) for patients. Aging and suffering with other diseases were negatively associated with HRQoL among rural patients, while high socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyles corresponded with high HRQoL.Conclusions: Hypertension did push considerable pressures on patients’ quality of life. Maintaining healthy lifestyles and improving the socioeconomic status of patients were advisable ways to reduce this burden. Trail Registration: The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375
Development of Structured Light 3D-Scanner with High Spatial Resolution and its Applications for Additive Manufacturing Quality Assurance
Authors: Wang Rongxuan , Law Andrew , Garcia David , Yang Shuo , Kong Zhenyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Digital three-dimensional (3D) scanning is a cutting-edge metrology method that can digitally reconstruct surface topography with high precision and accuracy. Such metrology can help traditional manufacturing processes evolve into a smart manufacturing paradigm, which can ensure product quality by automated sensing and control. However, due to limitations with the spatial resolution, scanning speed, and size of the focusing area, commercially available systems cannot be directly used for in-process monitoring in smart manufacturing. For example, a metal 3D printer requires a scanner with second-level sensing, micron-level spatial resolution, and a centimeter-scale scanning region. Among the 3D scanning technologies, structured light 3D scanning can meet the scanning speed criteria but not the spatial resolution and scanning region criteria. This work addresses these challenges by reducing the field of view of a structured light scanner system while increasing the image sensor pixel resolution. Improvements to spatial resolution and accuracy are achieved by establishing hardware selection criteria, integrating the proper hardware, designing a scale-appropriate calibration target, and developing noise reduction procedures during calibration. An additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V part was used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed 3D scanner. The scanning result shows that both melt pool geometry and overall shape can be clearly captured. In the end, the scanning accuracies of the proposed scanner and a professional-grade commercial scanner are validated with a nanometer-level accuracy white light interferometer using high-density point cloud data. Compared to the commercial scanner, the proposed scanner improves the spatial resolution from 48 µm to 5 µm and the accuracy from 108.5 µm to 0.5 µm.
Mission Planning for Optical Satellite’s Constant Surveillance to Geostationary Spacecraft
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Li Zhi , Wang Weilin , Wang Hao , Zhang Yasheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For a mission to constantly watch geostationary (Orbital inclination isn’t 0, GEO) spacecraft by an optical satellite during a whole fly-around cycle, study the relative position relationship between the two and sun during fly-around mission; design the trajectory of the optical satellite, on which, the optical satellite keeps facing to the spacecraft in the direction opposite the Sun. Firstly, for constant surveillance to geosynchronous (Orbital inclination is 0) spacecraft, study from the Keplerian orbit elements, analyze its geometric relationship with the sun and the optical satellite. Then calculate the initial phase interval that meets the requirements of the mission. Compared with Clohessy-Wiltshire equation (CW equation), this method is more concise and the spatial physical meaning is clearer. However, the orbital inclination of GEO spacecraft is usually not 0. Secondly, taking GEO spacecraft with 1° inclination as an example, calculate the initial phase interval of the mission. Thirdly, select an initial phase in the initial phase interval, and design the fly-around trajectory based on CW equation. Lastly, the optical satellite’s position when it receives the mission is initial position, and the position when the fly-around mission starts is final position. The optical satellite’s approach trajectory is summarized as spacecraft's Lambert trajectory optimization. Take the time of two orbital maneuvers as optimization variables, and the fuel consumption as optimization objective. Optimize the plan of orbital maneuvering. The total pulse thrust velocity required for orbital maneuver after optimization in the example is 18.2514m/s, which is highly feasible in engineering. This method can be used for space situational awareness and in-orbit services of GEO spacecraft.
Evaluation of Postoperative Chemotherapy Duration of Capecitabine-Alone Regimen for Surgery Treated Elderly Colon Cancer Patients : A Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Dong Hongmin , Wang Gang , Chen Juan , Wang Wenling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Only 50-70% elderly colon cancer patients could complete a six-month postoperative chemotherapy. It is unknown whether a shorter duration of postoperative capecitabine-alone chemotherapy would not compromise the survival. We thus conducted this study to analyze the association between postoperative chemotherapy duration of capecitabine-alone regimen and cancer specific survival (CSS) in the surgery treated elderly colon cancer patients.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in surgery treated stage III and high-risk stage II colon cancer patients aged >= 70 from two medical centers. Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). The non-linear relationship between postoperative chemotherapy duration and CSS was analyzed through the restricted cubic spline regression analysis, and the threshold effect was calculated by the two-piece-wise Cox proportional hazard model.Results: A total of 1,217 surgery treated colon cancer patients between August 1, 2013 and September 1, 2019 were reviewed and 257 stage III and high-risk stage II patients aged >= 70 were finally enrolled. Postoperative chemotherapy with capecitabine was delivered in 114 patients and 143 cases only received surgery. The capecitabine duration was generally associated with a 11% risk decrease in death (HR=0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82 - 0.96). Non-linearity exploration suggested a threshold effect of capecitabine duration on CSS in stage III disease. The HR for death was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68 - 0.92) with duration <= 16 (week) while 1.34 (95% CI: 0.91 – 1.97) with duration > 16 (week).Conclusions: The postoperative capecitabine duration was significantly associated with CSS in elderly colon cancer. However, a threshold effect of capecitabine duration on survival may suggest a short-term chemotherapy could be an alternative for the conventional six-month regimen in the elderly stage III colon cancer.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Children with Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmia or Inherited Cardiomyopathies: The Prospective Multicentre Controlled QUALIMYORYTHM Study Rationale, Design and Methods.
Authors: Amedro Pascal , Werner Oscar , Abassi Hamouda , Boisson Aymeric , Souilla Luc , Guillaumont Sophie , Calderon Johanna , Matecki Stefan , Villeon Gregoire De La , Requirand Anne , Vincenti Marie , Pommier Victor , Lavastre Kathleen , Lacampagne Alain , Picot Marie-Christine , Beyler Constance , Delclaux Christophe , Dulac Yves , Guitarte Aitor , Charron Philippe , Denjoy-Urbain Isabelle , Probst Vincent , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Chevalier Philippe , Filippo Sylvie Di , Thambo Jean-Benoit , Bonnet Damien , Pasquie Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Advances in paediatric cardiology has improved the prognosis of children with inherited cardiac disorders. However, health-related quality of life (QoL) and physical activity have been scarcely analysed in children with inherited cardiac arrhythmia or inherited cardiomyopathies. Moreover, current guidelines on the eligibility of young athletes with inherited cardiac disorders for sports participation mainly rely on expert opinions and remain controversial. Methods: The QUALIMYORYTHM trial is a multicentre observational controlled study. The main objective is to compare the QoL of children aged 6 to 18 years old with inherited cardiac arrhythmia (long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia), or inherited cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive cardiomyopathy), to that of age and gender-matched healthy subjects. The secondary objective is to assess their QoL according to the disease’s clinical and genetic characteristics, the level of physical activity and motivation for sports, the exercise capacity, and the socio-demographic data. Participants will wear a fitness tracker (ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer) for 2 weeks. A total of 214 children are required to observe a significant difference of 7 ± 15 points in the PedsQL, with a power of 90% and an alpha risk of 5%. Discussion: After focusing on the survival in children with inherited cardiac disorders, current research is expanding to patient-reported outcomes and secondary prevention. The QUALIMYORYTHM trial intends to improve the level of evidence for future guidelines on sports eligibility in this population. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04712136, registered on January 15th, 2021 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04712136).
Correlative Study Between the Sesamoid Bones under the Head of the First Metatarsal and the Development of Hallux Valgus Determined with Radiographs
Authors: Li Xiaozhong , Liu Dongxue , Wang Xufang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective. To study the correlative between the sesamoid bones under the head of the first metatarsal and the development of hallux valgus determined with radiographs.Methods.The measurements were performed on the X-ray of 300 normal feet and 300 cases of hallux valgus. The following parameters were measured: hallux valgus angle(HVA); the first-second intermetatarsal angle(IMA) between the axes of the first and second metatarsal;the length of the second metatarsal（CD）;the position of tibial sesamoid(TSP ) measured the percent formed between the tibial sesamoid and the centreline of the first metatarsal;the position of fibular sesamoid(FSP) measured tangent value between fibular sesamoid bone and lateral cortex of first metatarsal bone ; the absolute distances (AB) from the centre of the tibial sesamoid to the long axis of the second metatarsal, the absolute distances (EF) from the centre of the fibular sesamoid to the long axis of the second metatarsal and the absolute distance (GH) from the centre of the tibial sesamoid to the centre of the fibular sesamoid. Then calculate the ratio of AB to CD (K1), EF to CD (K2) and GH to CD (K3). Results.HVA moderately positively correlates with TSP and moderately negatively correlates with FSP in subjects with HVA ≥ 20°. HVA and FSP are strongly negatively correlated in the hallux valgus group. Conclusion.The dislocation of sesamoid bone under the first metatarsal head is an important pathological factor leading to valgus. HVA is positively correlated with TSP and negatively correlated with FSP.
Circulating tumor DNA sequencing in colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy with anti-EGFR
Authors: Lim Yoojoo , Kim Sheehyun , Kang Jun-Kyu , Kim Hwang-Phill , Jang Hoon , Han Hyojun , Kim Hyoki , Kim Min Jung , Lee Kyung-Hun , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Kang Gyeong Hoon , Han Sae-Won , Kim Tae-You 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may reveal dynamic tumor status during therapy. We conducted serial ctDNA analysis to investigate potential association with clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients receiving chemotherapy. Tissue KRAS/NRAS wild-type mCRC patients were enrolled and treated with first-line cetuximab-containing chemotherapy. ctDNA isolated from plasma were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) with 16 targeted gene panel. Among 93 patients, 84 (90.3%) had at least 1 somatic mutation in baseline ctDNA samples (average 2.74). Five patients with KRAS or NRAS hotspot mutation in the ctDNA showed significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.029). Changes in average variant allele frequency (VAF) in ctDNA showed significant correlation with tumor size change at the time of first response evaluation (p = 0.020) and progressive disease (PD) (p = 0.042). Patients whose average VAF decreased below cutoff (< 1%) at the first evaluation showed significantly better PFS (p < 0.001), and the average VAF change further discriminated the PFS in the patients in partial response (p = 0.018). At the time of PD, 54 new mutations including KRAS and MAP2K1 emerged in ctDNA. ctDNA sequencing can provide mutation profile that could better reflect tumor mutation status and predict treatment outcome.
Analysis of postmortem intestinal microbiota successional patterns with application in postmortem interval estimation
Authors: Liu Ruina , Wang Qi , Zhang Kai , Wu Hao , Wang Gongji , Cai Wumin , Yu Kai , Fan Shuanliang , Sun Qinru , Wang Zhenyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microorganism plays a vital role in the decomposition of vertebrate remains in nature nutrient cycling, where the postmortem microbial succession patterns during decomposition remain unclear. Here, hierarchical clustering based on Manhattan distances analyzed the similarity and difference among postmortem intestine microbial succession patterns from microbial 16S rDNA sequences in a mouse decomposition model. Based on the similarity, seven different classes of succession patterns are obtained. Generally, the normal intestinal flora in the cecum gradually decreases with changes in living conditions after death, while some facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes grew and multiplied with oxygen consumption. Furthermore, a random forest regression model is developed to predict postmortem interval with the microbial succession trend data set. The model demonstrates a mean absolute error of 20.01 hours and a squared correlation coefficient of 0.95 during 15-day decomposition. Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, Enterococcus, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group are considered as significant biomarkers for this model according to the ranked list. This study explores microbial succession patterns in terms of relative abundances and variety, aiding in predicting postmortem intervals, offering some knowledge of microbial behaviors in decomposition ecology.
Hidden Danger of COVID-19 Outbreak: Evaluation of Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction in Patients with Mild Symptoms
Authors: GUL Murat , INCI Sinan , AKTAS Halil , YILDIRIM Oguz , ALSANCAK Yakup 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID 19 infection, which is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly emerged as a global public health issue. Cardiac complications secondary to this infection are common and associated with mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether subclinical myocardial dysfunction using left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in non-hospitalized mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional, single-center study, data were collected from non-hospitalized mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients between January 01 and February 01, 2021. Fifty (26 male, 24 female) COVID-19 patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers have included in the study. Apical four-, three-, and two-chamber images were analyzed longitudinally by conventional methods and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricle functions.Results: The mean age of the COVID-19 patients was 39.55±8.96, 52% of them were male. The most prevalent presenting symptoms were fever (in 34 (68%)), asthenia (in 30 (60%)), loss of appetite (in 21 (42%)), myalgia (in 20 (40%)), and cough (in 13 (26%)). Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in the COVID-19 patients than in the controls (10.84±12.44 vs. 4.50±2.81, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of standard echocardiography and Doppler parameters (p>0.05). Left ventricular longitudinal strain and strain velocity parameters were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals. LV-GLS values (-21,72 ± 3,85% vs. -23,11 ± 4,16%; P =0,003) were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients when compared with the healthy controls.Conclusion: Mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients also have subclinical myocardial dysfunction similar to hospitalized patients. STE has the potential for detecting subclinical LV systolic dysfunction and can provide useful information on the risk stratification in the mildly symptomatic COVID-19 population.