bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of amniotic fluid on human keratinocyte gene expression: Implications for wound healing
Authors: Nyman Erika , Lindholm Elvira , Rakar Jonathan , Junker Johan P. E. , Kratz Gunnar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous wounds can lead to huge suffering for patients. Early fetal wounds have the capacity to regenerate without scar formation. Amniotic fluid (AF), containing hyaluronic acid (HA), may contribute to this regenerative environment. We aimed to analyse changes in gene expression when human keratinocytes are exposed to AF or HA. Human keratinocytes were cultured to subconfluence, starved for 12 h and then randomised to be maintained in (1) Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), (2) DMEM with 50% AF, or (3) DMEM with 50% fetal calf serum (FCS). Transcriptional changes were analysed using microarray and enriched with WebGestalt and Enrichr. Additionally, eight diagnostic genes were analysed using semiquantitative real‐time PCR to investigate epidermal differentiation and cellular stress after HA exposure as an alternative for AF exposure. The AF and FCS treatments resulted in enrichment of genes relating to varied aspects of epidermal and keratinocyte biology. In particular, p63‐, AP1‐ and NFE2L2‐ (Nrf2) associated genes were found significantly regulated in both treatments. More genes regulated by FCS treatment were associated with inflammatory signalling, whilst AF treatment was dominantly associated with molecular establishment of epidermis and lipid metabolic activity. HA exposure mostly resulted in gene regulation that was congruent with the AF microarray group, with increased expression of ITGA6 and LOR. We conclude that AF exposure enhances keratinocyte differentiation in vitro, which suggests that AF constituents can be beneficial for wound‐healing applications.
Stepping stones towards Antarctica: Switch to southern spawning grounds explains an abrupt range shift in krill
Authors: Atkinson Angus , Hill Simeon L. , Reiss Christian S. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Beaugrand Gregory , Tarling Geraint A. , Yang Guang , Steinberg Deborah K. , Schmidt Katrin , Edwards Martin , Rombolá Emilce , Perry Frances A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoleward range shifts are a global‐scale response to warming, but these vary greatly among taxa and are hard to predict for individual species, localized regions or over shorter (years to decadal) timescales. Moving poleward might be easier in the Arctic than in the Southern Ocean, where evidence for range shifts is sparse and contradictory. Here, we compiled a database of larval Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba and, together with an adult database, it showed how their range shift is out of step with the pace of warming. During a 70‐year period of rapid warming (1920s–1990s), distribution centres of both larvae and adults in the SW Atlantic sector remained fixed, despite warming by 0.5–1.0°C and losing sea ice. This was followed by a hiatus in surface warming and ice loss, yet during this period the distributions of krill life stages shifted greatly, by ~1000 km, to the south‐west. Understanding the mechanism of such step changes is essential, since they herald system reorganizations that are hard to predict with current modelling approaches. We propose that the abrupt shift was driven by climatic controls acting on localized recruitment hotspots, superimposed on thermal niche conservatism. During the warming hiatus, the Southern Annular Mode index continued to become increasingly positive and, likely through reduced feeding success for larvae, this led to a precipitous decline in recruitment from the main reproduction hotspot along the southern Scotia Arc. This cut replenishment to the northern portion of the krill stock, as evidenced by declining density and swarm frequency. Concomitantly, a new, southern reproduction area developed after the 1990s, reinforcing the range shift despite the lack of surface warming. New spawning hotspots may provide the stepping stones needed for range shifts into polar regions, so planning of climate‐ready marine protected areas should include these key areas of future habitat.
Elite women coaches negotiating and resisting power in football
Authors: Knoppers Annelies , de Haan Donna , Norman Leanne , LaVoi Nicole 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile football remains mostly a sport associated with men and national identity, it has also become a popular sport for women and girls in Western countries. Despite this success, however, the coaching of football remains a strongly male dominated occupation. In this paper, we explored how 10 elite women coaches of national football teams negotiated and resisted the entanglement of techniques of biopower, sovereign and disciplinary power within the sport. The results revealed that sovereign power as exercised by Football Associations was intertwined with forms of discursive and biopower. This power constructed men as more knowledgeable about women's football than women who have years of playing and coaching experience at the elite level in the sport. Consequently, men are more often hired to coach women. In response, elite women coaches negotiated and resisted these forms of power by engaging in problematization, public truth telling/parrhesia, self‐transformation, and by creating alternative discourses about gender and football. They constructed their fellow women coaches as being more knowledgeable and more experienced than men coaches in women's football. The findings suggest that this use of a Foucauldian analysis into the entanglement of forms of power within such male‐dominated organizations and into the technologies of the self, utilized by women coaches, provides new insights into understanding the relative lack of change in gender ratio in (sport) leadership.
Simultaneous fractionation of multiple classes of polyphenols from honeybush tea using solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Su Keran , Ee Kim Huey , Sun Jingcan , Liu Shao Quan , Lassabliere Benjamin , Feiter Ulrich , Huang Yunle , Goh Rui Min Vivian , Pua Aileen , Yu Bin 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe structural diversity of polyphenols and the inherent limitations of current extraction techniques pose a challenge to extract polyphenols using a simple and green method. Hence, in this study, a method was developed to simultaneously fractionate multiple classes of polyphenols by only varying ethanol‐water solutions. Honeybush tea, which is rich in polyphenols, was selected as a model for this study. Solvent extraction followed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was developed to obtain a polyphenol‐rich fraction from six honeybush samples. Based on a gradient elution programme (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (v/v) ethanol‐water solution) of SPE, the Strata X cartridge showed a better recovery of most targeted polyphenols under 0.9 mL of the drying volume and 1 mL min−1 of the dispensing speed. The elution programme for fractionating most polyphenols was as follows: single elution with 50% ethanol, followed by twice elution with 70% ethanol. The antioxidant capacity was used to analyse the differences among the polyphenol‐rich fractions from six honeybush samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that unfermented C. genistoides (GG) has the greatest antioxidant capacity among the honeybush species studied. Additionally, mangiferin, isomangiferin and vicenin‐2 were the main contributors to the antioxidant capacity in six honeybush fractions according to the correlation study.
Arid1a promotes thymocyte development through β‐selection‐dependent and β‐selection‐independent mechanisms
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Xin , Lei Lei , Su Yanhong , Zou Yujing , Liu Haiyan , Jiao Anjun , Zhang Cangang , Liu Jun , Li Wenhua , Ding Renyi , Zhou Xiaobo , Shi Lin , Zhang Dan , Sun Chenming , Zhang Baojun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarly T‐cell development from CD4− CD8− double‐negative (DN) stage to CD4+ CD8+ double‐positive (DP) stage in the thymus is regulated through multiple steps involving a batch of sequentially expressed factors. Our preliminary data and a recent report showed that AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (Arid1a) is required for the transition from DN to DP stages, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we consolidated that conditional deletion of Arid1a in T‐cell lineage intrinsically caused developmental blocks from DN3 to DN4 stages, as well as from DN4 to DP stages using both in vivo adoptive T‐cell transfer model and in vitro culture system. The expression of intracellular TCRβ is significantly decreased in Arid1a‐deficient DN4 cells compared with WT cells. OT1 transgenic TCR can rescue the defect in the transition from DN3 to DN4 stages, but not from DN to DP stages. Furthermore, we observed a comparable or stronger proliferation capacity accompanied by a significant increase in cell death in Arid1a−/− DP cells compared with that in WT controls. RNA‐Seq analysis shows a significant enrichment of apoptotic pathway within differentially expressed genes between Arid1a−/− and WT DP cells, including the upregulation of Bim, Casp3 and Trp53 and the downregulation of Rorc, Bcl‐XL and Mcl1. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism that Arid1a controls early T‐cell development by maintaining intracellular TCRβ expression‐mediated β‐selection and activating parallel cell survival pathways.
Large electrocaloric effect with ultrawide temperature span in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3‐based lead‐free ceramics
Authors: Wei Qiumei , Fulanovic Lovro , Lalitha Kodumudi Venkataraman , Zheng Mupeng , Hou Yudong , Zhu Mankang , Liu Linjing , Chang Yunfei , Xue Rui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInnovative cooling technologies are recognized by many industries as a crucial part of their system design. A large electrocaloric effect (ECE) and extended working temperature are the key issues hindering the realization of electrocaloric refrigeration technology. In this work, large ECE (ΔT = 0.8–0.9°C @ 4 kV/mm) with an ultrawide temperature span from 30 to 120°C is noted for lead‐free (Na1/2Bi1/2)0.80Sr0.20(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xTi1‐xO3ceramics. The excellent ECE performance can be ascribed to the evolution of polar nanoregions. Our work suggests that this material is promising for applications in solid‐state refrigeration systems with a broad range of operating temperatures.
Ethanol ablation for ventricular arrhythmias: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Creta Antonio , Earley Mark J. , Schilling Richard J. , Finlay Malcolm , Sporton Simon , Dhinoja Mehul , Hunter Ross J. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos , Ang Richard , Chow Anthony , Lowe Martin , Segal Oliver R. , Lambiase Pier D. , Providência Rui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEthanol ablation (EA) is an alternative option for subjects with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) refractory to conventional medical and ablative treatment. However, data on the efficacy and safety of EA remain sparse.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted. The primary outcomes were 1) freedom from the targeted VA and 2) freedom from any VAs post‐EA. Additional safety outcomes were also analyzed.ResultsTen studies were selected accounting for a population of 174 patients (62.3 ± 12.5 years, 94% male) undergoing 185 procedures. The overall acute success rate of EA was 72.4% (confidence interval [CI95%]: 65.6–78.4). After a mean follow‐up of 11.3 ± 5.5 months, the incidence of relapse of the targeted VA was 24.4% (CI95%: 17.1–32.8), while any VAs post‐EA occurred in 41.3% (CI95%: 33.7–49.1). The overall incidence of procedural complications was 14.1% (CI95%: 9.8–19.8), with pericardial complications and complete atrioventricular block being the most frequent. An anterograde transarterial approach was associated with a higher rate of VA recurrences and complications compared to a retrograde transvenous route; however, differences in the baseline population characteristics and in the targeted ventricular areas should be accounted.ConclusionEA is a valuable therapeutic option for VAs refractory to conventional treatment and can result in 1‐year freedom from VA recurrence in 60%–75% of the patients. However, anatomical or technical challenges preclude acute success in almost 30% of the candidates and the rate of complication is not insignificant, highlighting the importance of well‐informed patient selection. The certainty of the evidence is low, and further research is necessary.
Can crowdsourced data help to optimize atopic dermatitis treatment? Comparing web search data and environmental data in Germany
Authors: Mick A. , Tizek L. , Schielein M. , Zink A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic skin diseases worldwide, showing various manifestations and having a severe impact on quality of life. As previous studies demonstrated, internet search analysis can help identify public interest in diseases and possible influencing factors on search behavior.ObjectiveTo identify AD‐related topics of interest in Germany using internet search volume.MethodsGoogle Ads Keyword Planner was used to identify AD‐related search terms including their search volume in Germany on a national level as well as in 16 selected cities from January 2016 to December 2019. Identified keywords were qualitatively analyzed, and temporal trends as well as the influence of seasonal and environmental factors on search volume were assessed.ResultsOverall, 1222 AD‐related search terms with a search volume of 8 842 360 searches were identified. An increase from 2016 to 2019 and seasonal peaks from January to April of each year were observed. Nationwide, the search volume correlated with mean monthly temperature and sun duration. With increasing temperature and sun duration, a significant decrease in search queries was observed. The most populated cities showed the lowest number of searches per 100 000 inhabitants (Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). In the eight categories formed (comorbidities, general, influential factors, localization, stage of life, symptoms/severity, therapy/information, and questions on AD), the highest proportion of search queries were assigned to the category “therapy/information” in most cities. In this category, a focus on the topics of “alternative medicine” and “home remedies“ could be observed.ConclusionThe overall high and increasing search volume indicates a high interest in AD‐related topics, especially regarding treatment and disease education. Information provided by internet search volume analyses can optimize AD therapy and patient‐centered care by providing insight into patient needs and predicting potential climatic trigger factors.
Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields
Authors: Albert Luana , Olivier Frédéric , Jolivet Aurélie , Chauvaud Laurent , Chauvaud Sylvain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs part of energy transition, marine renewable energy devices (MRED) are currently expanding in developed countries inducing the deployment of dense networks of submarine power cables. Concern has thus raised about the cable magnetic emissions (direct or alternating current) because of potential interference with the sensorial environment of magneto‐sensitive species, such as sharks and rays. This study sought to assess the short‐term behavioural responses of juvenile thornback rays (Raja clavata) (n = 15) to direct and alternating (50 Hz) uniform 450‐μT artificial magnetic fields using 1 h focal‐sampling design based on a detailed ethogram. Careful control of magnetic fields' temporal and spatial scales was obtained in laboratory conditions through a custom‐made Helmholtz coil device. Overall, qualitative or quantitative behavioural responses of juvenile rays did not significantly vary between control vs. exposed individuals over the morning period. Nonetheless, rays under direct current magnetic field increased their activity over the midday period. Synchronisation patterns were also observed for individuals receiving alternating current exposure (chronologic and qualitative similarities) coupled with a high inter‐individual variance. Further studies should consider larger batches of juveniles to address the effect of long‐term exposure and explore the sensitivity range of rays with dose‐response designs.
Topography of the deep temporal arteries and implications for performing safe aesthetic injections
Authors: Nikolis Andreas , Enright Kaitlyn M. , Troupis Theodore , Koutsilieris Michael , Stratigos Alexander J. , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have started investigating the safety of temporal rejuvenation using soft tissue fillers. However, as the temporal region is highly vascularized, adverse events due to intravascular injection are of primary concern. The scarcity of treatment guidelines to date have focused primarily on avoiding the superficial and middle temporal arteries. The aim of the present anatomical study was to describe the topography of the deep temporal arteries (DTAs) with reference to superficial landmarks, to aid clinicians who perform temporal injections.MethodsThe tissue layers of eight fresh‐frozen cephalic cadavers were dissected and assessed, bilaterally in the temporal region (N = 16). Distance (D) of the anterior (D1 and D3) and posterior (D2 and D4) arteries was measured from (i) the zygomaticofrontal suture line at the lateral orbital rim (D1 and D2) and (ii) the junction of the superior border of the zygomatic arch and lateral orbital rim (D3 and D4). The distance between the anterior and posterior DTAs was also recorded, at the two regions (D5).ResultsBifurcations of the DTAs were observed in 18.75% (3/16) and 12.5% (2/16) of cases, for the anterior and posterior branches, respectively. On average [mean (standard deviation)], D1 (anterior DTA to the zygomaticofrontal suture line at the lateral orbital rim) = 1.56 cm (0.59); D2 (posterior DTA to the zygomaticofrontal suture line at the lateral orbital rim) = 2.98 cm (0.70); D3 (anterior DTA to the junction of the superior border of the zygomatic arch and lateral orbital rim) = 1.14 cm (0.63); D4 (posterior DTA to the junction of the superior border of the zygomatic arch and lateral orbital rim) = 2.37 cm (0.62); and D5 (distance between the anterior and posterior DTAs) = 1.54 cm (0.68).ConclusionTo help avoid vascular adverse events while performing temporal injections, aesthetic clinicians should be conscientious of safety implications related to the anatomical location of the DTAs and their ramifications.
Treatment of superficial benign vascular tumors by high intensity focused ultrasound: Observations in two illustrative cases
Authors: Calik Jacek , Zawada Tomasz , Bove Torsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExisting therapeutic methods for reduction or removal of superficial vascular malformations and tumors have high risks of scarring and other complications that result in aesthetic appearance less favorable than the baseline. Patients are often cautioned against intervention, which can lead to psychosocial problems and low self‐esteem. Improved treatment modalities are therefore relevant from both medical and aesthetic perspectives.MethodsTwo volunteer subjects were treated with a medical 20 MHz high intensity focused ultrasound device developed for dermatological conditions. One patient was given three treatments to remove a superficial congenital hemangioma on the left middle cheek. The other patient was given a single treatment to remove seven cherry angiomas on the thighs. Handpieces with nominal focal depths of 0.8 – 1.8 mm below the skin surface were used to administer acoustic energy of 1.1 – 1.2 J/dose. An integrated dermoscope in the handpiece was used to monitor the treatment in real‐time.ResultsDuring treatment, blood in the capillary network of the lesions was coagulated immediately, and capillary walls were collapsed due to the thermal and mechanical effects of the high intensity focused ultrasound. During the healing phase, the areas regenerated a normal skin structure with very limited scar or dyspigmentation. At follow‐up, a clear aesthetic improvement was observed over the baseline for all treated targets with the exception of two cherry angiomas, where focal depth and/or dose coverage had not been optimal.ConclusionHigh intensity focused ultrasound is concluded to be a safe and efficient skin treatment for benign superficial vascular malformations and tumors.
Evaluation of the protective effects of gossypin for ischemia/reperfusion injury in ovary tissue
Authors: Dincer Busra , Cinar Irfan , Yayla Muhammed , Toktay Erdem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimOvarian ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious gynecological condition that affects women of reproductive age and reduces ovarian reserve. Management of I/R injury with detorsion causes reperfusion damage, in which oxidative stress plays a central role. This study aimed to investigate whether the gossypin (GOS) with antioxidant properties, a flavonoid, has beneficial effects on the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological aspects of ovarian I/R injury.MethodsThirty‐three female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Healthy (Sham‐operated control group), I/R (IR group), I/R + GOS 5 (I/R with GOS 5 mg/kg), I/R + GOS 10 (I/R with GOS 10 mg/kg), and I/R + GOS 20 (I/R with GOS 20 mg/kg). This was followed by 3 h of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion for 3 h after detorsion was exposed. GOS was injected 2 h before reperfusion.ResultsIL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, NF‐κB, and CASP‐3 mRNA expressions, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity, GSH (glutathione), and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, and histopathological changes were evaluated in ovarian tissue. Histological examination indicated that treatment of ovarian I/R injury with GOS led to the improvement of ovarian tissue, which was accompanied by an increase in SOD activity and GSH level and a decrease in MDA level, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expressions. GOS was also corrected by reducing the elevated expression of CASP‐3 as apoptosis‐change marker.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the treatment of GOS may be useful as a conservative approach to reverse I/R injury via amelioration of oxidative stress parameters and histopathological scores, attenuation of inflammation, and the suppression of apoptosis.
Language ideologies in a minority context: An experimental study of teachers’ responses to variation in Irish
Authors: Ó Murchadha Noel , Kavanagh Lauren 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdeologies on linguistic variation among teachers of the Irish language are the focus of this article. Participants completed an experiment in which they responded to speech samples representing traditional dialectal varieties in the Irish‐speaking communities (the Gaeltacht) and a sample representing the Irish of new speakers outside the Gaeltacht (the post‐Gaeltacht). When participants directly rate the speech varieties, the traditional Gaeltacht samples are rated significantly more positively than the post‐Gaeltacht sample. However, the post‐Gaeltacht new speaker variety is on top for standardness. When participants rate the speakers’ characteristics, a more levelled, destandardised value system is also evident. The results are related to the official regimentation of Irish today, where authority is increasingly nebulous and negotiable. The results illustrate how teacher ideologies can develop in late modernity, whether in a minority context, in a context where authority is based on authenticity and a dialect ideology is established, or where language transmission occurs largely through education and substantial numbers of new speakers use the language.