bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Sensory Cortex Contributes to the Long-Term Storage of Aversive Conditioning
Authors: You Yuqi , Brown Joshua , Li Wen 
Published: February 2021

Growing animal data evince a critical role of the sensory cortex in the long-term storage of aversive conditioning, following acquisition and consolidation in the amygdala. Whether and how this function is conserved in the human sensory cortex is nonetheless unclear. We interrogated this question in a human aversive conditioning study using multidimensional assessments of conditioning and long-term (15 d) retention. Conditioned stimuli (CSs; Gabor patches) were calibrated to differentially activate the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) visual pathways, further elucidating cortical versus subcortical mechanisms. Full-blown conditioning and long-term retention emerged for M-biased CS (vs limited effects for P-biased CS), especially among anxious individuals, in all four dimensions assessed: threat appraisal (threat ratings), physiological arousal (skin conductance response), perceptual learning [discrimination sensitivity (d′) and response speed], and cortical plasticity [visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and cortical current density]. Interestingly, while behavioral, physiological, and VEP effects were comparable at immediate and delayed assessments, the cortical substrates evolved markedly over time, transferring from high-order cortices [inferotemporal/fusiform cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] immediately to the primary and secondary visual cortex after the delay. In sum, the contrast between P- and M-biased conditioning confirms privileged conditioning acquisition via the subcortical pathway while the immediate cortical plasticity lends credence to the triadic amygdala–OFC–fusiform network thought to underlie threat processing. Importantly, long-term retention of conditioning in the basic sensory cortices supports the conserved role of the human sensory cortex in the long-term storage of aversive conditioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA growing network of neural substrates has been identified in threat learning and memory. The sensory cortex plays a key role in long-term threat memory in animals, but such a function in humans remains unclear. To explore this problem, we conducted multidimensional assessments of immediate and delayed (15 d) effects of human aversive conditioning. Behavioral, physiological, and scalp electrophysiological data demonstrated conditioning effects and long-term retention. High-density EEG intracranial source analysis further revealed the cortical underpinnings, implicating high-order cortices immediately and primary and secondary visual cortices after the long delay. Therefore, while high-order cortices support aversive conditioning acquisition (i.e., threat learning), the human sensory cortex (akin to the animal homolog) underpins long-term storage of conditioning (i.e., long-term threat memory).
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharabah Dan Pembiayaan Musyarakah Terhadap Laba Bersih Bank Umum Syariah Tahun 2014-2017
Authors: Suaidah Imarotus 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to : 1) analyze the effect of mudharabah financing on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017. 2) analyze the effect of musyarakah financing on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017. 3) analyze the effect of mudharabah financing and musyarakah financing on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017. The benefits of this research is 1) this research can provide knowledge on the effect of mudharabah financing and musyarakah financing on net income at syariah commercial banks. 2) can provide an overview for Islamic banking regarding financing that can increase the net income of syariah islamic banks. 3) for investors, this research can be used as consideration in decision making for their investment. This study is quantitative descriptive research. The population in this study are syariah commercial bank in Indonesia which is included in the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2014-2017. The data analysis technique used is mutiple linear regression analysis which previously carried out analysis prerequisite tests.. The results showed that 1) mudharabah financing has influence on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017. 2) musyarakah financing has influence on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017. 3) mudharabah financing and musyarakah financing has influence on net income in syariah commercial bank in 2014-2017
Penerapan Keamanan Keuangan Dalam Aplikasi E-Money
Authors: Brahmana Reynanda Sembiring 
Published: February 2021

E-MONEY adalah uang elektronik yang dapat di akses melalui aplikasi dan juga sebagai alat pembayaran yang menggunakan media elektronik. Perbedaan pun mencolok dengan uang konvensional dalam arti uang yang kita simpan di dompet yang membedakan adalah fleksibilitas dan aksesbilitasnya. Hal ini disebabkan karena basis transaksi E-Money menggunakan sistem yang terhubung secara online dan tanpa harus mempertemukan orang yang bertransaksi. Tetapi awal berdiri aplikasi E-Money pada zaman sekarang belum dapat banyak sambutan dari masyarakat karena sistem keamanan yang membuat nasabah itu ragu dengan aplikasi tersebut. Dengan kemajuan teknologi aplikasi tersebut terus memperbaiki sistem keamanannya agar nasabah yang ingin menggunakan aplikasinya dapat merasa aman. Perusahaan seperti makanan,fashion,dan lain lain mereka gencar melakukan kerja sama dengan aplikasi aplikasi yang bisa menawarkan produknya dengan menarik seperti mengadakan diskon,cashback agar produk mereka jauh lebih diminati. Selain itu aplikasi e-money sekarang dapat membayar seperti tagihan listrik, membayar BPJS, membeli pulsa dan banyak lainnya selagi pihak tersebut bekerjasama dengan aplikasi tersebut. Aplikasi e-money juga dapat transfer ke antar bank jadi nasabah bisa lebih efektif dan efesien tanpa harus jauh-jauh ke bank. Ini sangat bermanfaat bagi nasabah dan juga nasabah dapat jauh lebih hemat.
Keywords:aplikasi e-money,sistem keamanan
A Study on the Largest Hydraulic Fracturing Induced Earthquake in Canada: Numerical Modeling and Triggering Mechanism
Authors: Wang Bei , Verdecchia Alessandro , Kao Honn , Harrington Rebecca M. , Liu Yajing , Yu Hongyu 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe Mw 4.6 earthquake that occurred on 17 August 2015 northwest of Fort St. John, British Columbia, is considered the largest hydraulic-fracturing-induced event in Canada, based on its spatiotemporal relationship with respect to nearby injection operations. There is a ∼5  day delay of this Mw 4.6 mainshock from the onset of fluid injection at the closest well pad (W1). In contrast, other two nearby injection wells (W2 and W3) have almost instantaneous seismic responses. In this study, we first take a forward numerical approach to investigate the causative mechanisms for the Mw 4.6 event. Specifically, three finite-element 3D poroelastic models of various permeability structures and presence or absence of hydraulic conduits are constructed, to calculate the coupled evolution of elastic stress and pore pressure caused by multistage fluid injections. Our simulation results suggest that pore pressure increase associated with the migration of injected fluid is required to accumulate sufficient stress perturbations to trigger this Mw 4.6 earthquake. In contrast, the elastic stress perturbation caused by rock matrix deformation alone is not the main cause. Furthermore, injection and seismicity at W1 may have altered the local stress field and brought local faults closer to failure at sites W2 and W3. This process could probably shorten the seismic response time and, thus, explain the observed simultaneous appearance of injection and induced seismicity at W2 and W3.
A multivariate comparative clinical pharmacotherapeutic efficacy and chronopharmacovigilance assessment study of ofloxacin, one of the commonplace, TGFβ1 inducing and telomerase impairing fluoroquinolones, in treating acute gastroenteritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, new drug-sensitive tuberculosis, recurrent mixed cutaneous infections, and post-surgical refractory wound infections, among the global patients, with heterogenous pharmacogeographic and pharmacogenomic constitution
Authors: Hazra Moumita 
Published: February 2021

Background: Ofloxacin has an inhibitory effect on DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV and IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNFa; and a superinducing effect on IL-2. Ofloxacin has profound bactericidal, anti-tubercular, anti-leprotic, anti-viral including anti-coronavirus, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, comedolytic, anti-comedogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-malignant: pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative potential, including TGFb1 targeted G2 phase cell cycle arrest and telomerase activity impairment. Objectives of the study were a comparative clinical pharmacotherapeutic efficacy and chronopharmacovigilance assessment study, of ofloxacin, one of the commonplace TGFb1 inducing and telomerase impairing fluoroquinolones, in treating heterogenous global patients, suffering from different diseases.Methods: A prospective, multivariate study of 100 patients, allotted into group A (acute gastroenteritis) =20, group B (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) =20, group C (new drug-sensitive tuberculosis) =20, group D (recurrent mixed cutaneous infections) =20, and group E (post-surgical refractory wound infections) =20, was prescribed ofloxacin 200-400 mg twice daily, according to required prescribed regimens. A comparative pharmacotherapeutic efficacy assessment was made from the complete recovery time-periods, including the residual recovery time-periods. The chronopharmacovigilance assessment was made by adverse effects occurrence monitoring during treatment period or follow-up, with an Adverse Event Case Report Form. Results: The residual recovery time-periods, in group A=0 days, group B=2 days, group E=3 days, group D=3 days, and group C=7 days. Adverse effects were not statistically significant, with a predictable chronopharmacovigilance illustration.Conclusions: The pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin was more for treating group A, followed by group B, followed by group E and group D, and finally followed by group C. Ofloxacin was safe, without any pharmacogenomic or pharmacogeographic heterogeneity related fluctuation.
Study of clinico-epidemiological profile of leprosy patients at tertiary care center
Authors: Kumar Ujjwal , Varma Krishnendra , Baraithiya Kamlapat 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy is often mentioned as the oldest disease known to man, the origins of which are lost in the mists of antiquity. In spite of having been declared eliminated in December 2005 from India as a public health problem, India has still 60% of the entire global case load.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 60 Leprosy patients belonged to Ujjain and its adjoining districts, attending the outpatient department of dermatology at R.D Gardi medical college, Ujjain (M.P.). Over a period of 1 year i.e. January 2019 to December 2019 constituted the subject material for study. The data was analysed for clinico-epidemiological characteristic and relevant investigations were done.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 60 patients attended the leprosy clinic during the study period. Maximum number of patient belonged to age groups of 21-40 years. Male preponderance with M:F ratio was 3:1. Family history was seen in 3 patients (5.0%). 73.3% patients were from rural area. Borderline tuberculoid (19 patients) was commonest clinical presentation and 2 cases of childhood leprosy were recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study gives a general picture about the current trends of Leprosy in this particular region and highlights the importance of clinico-epidemiological profile and relevant investigations. This study emphasizes the need of spread of awareness about the disease, facilities for investigation and early diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Study of quality of life in patients with premature graying of hair in Western Indian population
Authors: Mathias Dipti , Patvekar Milind A. , Deora Mahendra S. , Dalave Kalyan T. , Raheja Aishwarya 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quality of life in patients with premature graying of hair is an under studied topic in Indian population. Its onset in adolescence may have a significant effect on the developing psyche of an individual sufferer impairing academic and work related performance and can be associated with low self esteem, low confidence which can further be associated with depression. Aim was<strong> </strong>to objectively evaluate the impact of premature canities on QoL and early identification of patients in need of medical and psychological intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The impact on QoL was calculated with the help of a modified and prevalidated questionnaire based on the dermatology life quality index proposed by Finley and Kahn. One hundred patients with onset of canities before the age of 25 years were enrolled, after approval by the institutional ethical committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean modified DLQI score recorded was 14.3±6.76. Total of 71% patients were found to have a very large to extremely large effect on the QoL. Guilt, mood fluctuation and need for medical intervention were reported frequently. The comparison between DLQI scores of boys and girls was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients of premature canities were found to have profound impact on their QoL, attributable to their perception of the disease. Considering the age group affected, it could have a long‑term detrimental effect on their psychological and social wellbeing.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Regenerative Potential of Non-Vital Immature Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors using Platelet Rich Fibrin Scaffold- A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Selvakumar Kritika , V Sujatha , N Srinivasan , Renganathan Senthil Kumar , Mahalaxmi Sekar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures has gained momentum as a treatment modality of young immature permanent teeth. Literature reports reveal that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) stimulates growth factors and induces regeneration. This study was undertaken to assess the regenerative potential of non-vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using PRF with a follow up for 2yrs. 19 patients in the age group of 9-25yrs with immature, non-vital permanent maxillary central incisors (n=23) with/without signs and/or symptoms of periapical pathosis and open apex were included in this study. In the first appointment, access opening, canal disinfection and triple antibiotic paste placement was done. In the subsequent visit, PRF was prepared and placed inside the canal. Access was sealed with Mineral trioxide aggregate plug and composite. The patient was reviewed upto 24mths. The mean difference was statistically analysed using Friedman test followed by Dunn post hoc test and adjusted by Bonferroni correction (p<0.05). As per AAE guidelines, the primary and secondary goals were achieved. A significant (p<0.001) gradual increase in the root length, thickness of dentinal walls and decrease in apical diameter were observed. Within the limitations of this study, PRF placement was clinically and radiographically effective in inducing regeneration of non-vital immature permanent teeth.
Single-dose immunization with a chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine induces sustained and protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhang Linqi , Li Mingxi , Guo Jingao , Lu Shuaiyao , Zhou Runhong , Shi Hongyang , Shi Xuangling , Cheng Lin , Liang Qingtai , Liu Hongqi , Wang Pui , Wang Nan , Wang Yifeng , Fu Lili , Xing Man , Ju Bin , Liu Li , Lau Siu-Ying , Jia Wenxu , Tong Xin , Yuan Lin , Guo Yong , Qi Hai , Zhang Qi , Huang Zhen , Chen Honglin , Zhang Zheng , Chen Zhiwei , Peng Xiaozhong , Zhou Dongming , Wang Ruoke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a global priority. Here, we present three chimpanzee adenovirus vaccines that express either the full-length spike (ChAdTS-S), or receptor-binding domain (RBD) with two different signal sequences (ChAdTS-RBD and ChAdTS-RBDs). Single-dose intranasal or intramuscular immunization induced robust and sustained neutralizing antibody responses in BALB/c mice, with ChAdTS-S being superior to ChAdTS-RBD and ChAdTS-RBDs. Intranasal immunization appeared to induce a predominately Th2-based response whereas intramuscular administration resulted in a predominately Th1 response. The neutralizing activity against several circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants remained unaffected for mice serum but reduced for rhesus macaque serum. Importantly, immunization with ChAdTS-S via either route induced protective immunity against high-dose challenge with live SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques. Vaccinated macaques demonstrated dramatic decreases in viral RNA in the lungs and nasal swabs, as well as reduced lung pathology compared to the control animals. Similar protective effects were also found in a golden Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, these results confirm that ChAdTS-S can induce protective immune responses in experimental animals, meriting further development toward a human vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 and the kidney: A retrospective analysis of 37 critically ill patients using machine learning
Authors: Herzog Anna Laura , Jouanne-Diedrich Holger K. , Wanner Christoph , Weismann Dirk , Schlesinger Tobias , Meybohm Patrick , Stumpner Jan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is evidence that SARS-CoV2 has a particular affinity for kidney tissue and is often associated with kidney failure.Methods We assessed whether proteinuria can be predictive of kidney failure, the development of chronic kidney disease, and mortality in 37 critically ill COVID-19 patients. We used machine learning (ML) methods as decision trees and cut-off points created by the OneR package to add new aspects, even in smaller cohorts.Results Among a total of 37 patients, 24 suffered higher-grade renal failure, 20 of whom required kidney replacement therapy. More than 40% of patients remained on hemodialysis after intensive care unit discharge or died (27%). Due to frequent anuria proteinuria measured in two-thirds of the patients, it was not predictive for the investigated endpoints; albuminuria was higher in patients with AKI 3, but the difference was not significant. ML found cut-off points of > 31.4 kg/m2 for BMI and > 69 years for age, constructed decision trees with great accuracy, and identified highly predictive variables for outcome and remaining chronic kidney disease.Conclusions Different ML methods and their clinical application, especially decision trees, can provide valuable support for clinical decisions. Presence of proteinuria was not predictive of CKD or AKI and should be confirmed in a larger cohort.
The Engineering and Scientific Challenges of Environmental Justice Organizations in the US: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Boucher Jean Léon , Levenda Anthony , Morales-Guerrero Jorge , Macias Madison , Karwat Darshan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the goal of exploring the engineering and scientific challenges of environmental justice organizations (EJOs), we present the results of 47 interviews with representatives of US-based EJOs. Methodologically, we use a deductive-inductive approach to identifying salient categories in the interview coding process. We identify a structure of three overarching themes for potential interactions between EJOs and engineers and scientists: (1) organizational goals; (2) engineering and scientific challenges; and (3) experiences with engineers and scientists. Our findings reveal a breadth of EJO goals and myriad engineering and scientific challenges ranging from community development, clean and just energy transactions, climate change adaptation, and water and air quality monitoring. We also find activity-based opportunities for engineers and scientists like data collection, management, and analysis; online platform building; GIS mapping; and causation analyses. We find that engineers and scientists could help bridge the culture gap between them and EJOs and help build a field of collaboration by: a greater mindfulness of local contexts; building relational rapport and trust; moving beyond narrow technical solutions; identifying low-cost accessible solutions; and receiving unconscious bias training. To our knowledge, this study is unique by its provision and assemblage of—in one place—the myriad ways engineers and scientists might work with EJOs to address the challenges of environmental, energy, and climate justice.
Tailoring the microstructural, magnetic and dielectric properties of vanadium ions substituted nickel ferrite nanocrystals
Authors: Tanbir Kamar , GHOSH MRITUNJOY PRASAD , Kar Manoranjan , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the composition-dependent microstructural, magnetic and dielectric properties of vanadium ions doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles. All the nanoferrite samples (NiV x Fe 2-x O 4 : x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were prepared using conventional co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction patterns verified the single cubic spinel phase formation and achievement of nano-sized ferrite particles with a homogeneous distribution, which was also supported by HRTEM micrographs. Mean crystallite diameter was seen in the range of 05 nm to 12 nm as evaluated from Williamson-Hall (W-H) curves for the different doped samples. A compressive nature microstrain was noticed in all the samples and was also seen to reduce with the enhancement of vanadium ions content. A blue shift was detected in the indirect band gap for higher vanadium doped samples. Magnetization at the saturation point as well as coercive field both were observed to reduce at room temperature with increasing vanadium concentration in nanosized nickel ferrites. Room temperature dielectric characteristics of all the synthesized samples ensured that the elementary charge conduction process was governed by the hopping of electrons. Cole-Cole plots also showed that the grain boundaries play an important task in deciding the dielectric responses.