bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bundled Earnings Guidance and Analysts' Forecast Revisions*
Authors: Hsu Charles , Wang Rencheng 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBundling managerial earnings guidance with quarterly earnings announcements (EAs) has become an increasingly common practice. This study investigates the impact of bundled guidance on analysts' forecast revisions. Our findings indicate that analysts respond more to bundled guidance than non‐bundled guidance. This effect increases with analysts' time pressure and cognitive constraints around the EA. Analysts' revisions also incorporate more of the bundled management guidance when accompanied by additional information, such as conference calls. We further find that analysts revise their forecasts more quickly following bundled guidance than non‐bundled guidance. Together, these findings are consistent with the notion that analysts place more weight on bundled guidance than on non‐bundled guidance in their forecast revisions as bundled guidance facilities analysts' timely forecast revisions following EAs. Finally, we find that analysts' forecast revisions following bundled guidance generate significant market reactions. Our findings enhance our understanding of analysts' information processing and shed light on why bundling can be an effective guidance strategy.
The impact of aging on innate and adaptive immunity in the human female genital tract
Authors: Rodriguez‐Garcia Marta , Patel Mickey V. , Shen Zheng , Wira Charles R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMucosal tissues in the human female reproductive tract (FRT) are primary sites for both gynecological cancers and infections by a spectrum of sexually transmitted pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that compromise women's health. While the regulation of innate and adaptive immune protection in the FRT by hormonal cyclic changes across the menstrual cycle and pregnancy are being intensely studied, little to nothing is known about the alterations in mucosal immune protection that occur throughout the FRT as women age following menopause. The immune system in the FRT has two key functions: defense against pathogens and reproduction. After menopause, natural reproductive function ends, and therefore, two overlapping processes contribute to alterations in immune protection in aging women: menopause and immunosenescence. The goal of this review is to summarize the multiple immune changes that occur in the FRT with aging, including the impact on the function of epithelial cells, immune cells, and stromal fibroblasts. These studies indicate that major aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in the FRT are compromised in a site‐specific manner in the FRT as women age. Further, at some FRT sites, immunological compensation occurs. Overall, alterations in mucosal immune protection contribute to the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI), urogenital infections, and gynecological cancers. Further studies are essential to provide a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to restore immune protection and reverse conditions that threaten women's lives as they age.
Disentangling the taxonomy of Belostoma Latreille (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) with the aid of DNA barcoding approaches
Authors: Gauterio Thaísa B , Ribeiro José Ricardo I , Robe Lizandra J , Ferrari Augusto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBelostoma is the most diverse genus of Belostomatidae, comprising 74 species. The small Belostoma species are challenging to identify mainly due to the presence of cryptic species. As DNA barcoding has been a crucial tool to solve the taxonomic impediment associated with many taxa, we compared species delimitations obtained by morphological and molecular approaches, in order to help to disentangle the taxonomy of Belostoma. We sampled 192 specimens of Belostoma across the Rio Grande do Sul Brazilian Coastal Plain. Specimens were first identified with the use of morphological markers and then characterized for two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes, generating 181 and 164 sequences, respectively. These were complemented with Belostoma sequences downloaded from NCBI/BOLD (101 for COI & 13 for 16S). Thus, matrixes including 282, 177 and 299 sequences for COI, 16S and the concatenated data set, respectively, were analysed through phylogenetic, phylogeographic and distance approaches. The initial morphological evaluation allowed the identification of 14 male genitalia morphotypes, whose sequences were added to a preliminary matrix containing ​NCBI/BOLD sequences of five other described species, allowing us to recover 10 clades in the molecular analyses. Patterns of reciprocal monophyly were confirmed for only six of the studied species: Belostoma angustum, Belostoma cummingsi, Belostoma dentatum, Belostoma noualhieri, Belostoma orbiculatum and Belostoma ribeiroi. Belostoma candidulum, Belostoma horvathi and Belostoma sanctulum appeared intermingled in a single clade. The grouping of these with the other five distinct (male genital) morphotypes reveals a clade with high levels of morphological polymorphism or phenotypic plasticity.
Toll‐like receptor 5 and 8 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kairaluoma Valtteri , Kemi Niko , Huhta Heikki , Pohjanen Vesa‐Matti , Helminen Olli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are components of innate immunity, but also have a role in carcinogenesis. The prognostic value of TLR5 and TLR8 tumor expression was examined in contrast with known risk markers Ki67 and p53. All HCC patients from Oulu University Hospital with available representative tumor sample were included in this study (n = 182). TLR5, TLR8, Ki67, and p53 expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The relation between patient survival and TLR, Ki67, and p53 expression was calculated with Cox regression adjusted for confounding factors. TLR5 cytoplasm intensity was associated with 5‐year overall (strong 0.0% vs weak 23.4%, p < 0.001) and disease‐specific (strong 0.0% vs weak 34.9%, p < 0.001) survival. TLR5 nuclei percentage was associated with poor 5‐year disease‐specific survival (high 16.3% vs low 31.5%, p = 0.022). In adjusted analysis, strong TLR5 cytoplasm intensity was an independent risk factor for poor 5‐year overall (adjusted HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26–2.81) and disease‐specific (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.27–3.15) survival. High Ki67 and p53 expression associated with 5‐year overall‐ and disease‐specific survival. TLR8 was not associated with patient survival. This study suggests that TLR5 expression is independently prognostic in HCC with similar point estimate as previously known p53.
Associations of language‐based bedtime routines with early cognitive skills and academic achievement: A follow‐up from kindergarten to middle school
Authors: Câmara‐Costa Hugo , Pulgar Salomé , Cusin Françoise , Labrell Florence , Dellatolas Georges 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the extent to which language‐based bedtime routines (LBR) reported by parents before kindergarten were associated with early cognitive skills at kindergarten and subsequent academic achievement in typically developing children.MethodWe followed a community‐based sample of 664 French‐speaking adolescents from kindergarten (5–6 years) to the end of middle school (15 years). Kindergarten measures included a parental questionnaire aimed at assessing the presence or absence of any kind of LBR, such as storytelling, looking at children’s books, reading a story, listening to songs, or singing nursery rhymes, as well as family contextual characteristics. Children also performed standardized assessments of oral language, pre‐reading skills, and non‐verbal reasoning. In middle school, children sat a national diploma typically used as an indicator of general academic achievement in Grade 9.ResultsAfter adjusting for family characteristics, the presence of language‐based bedtime routines (57%) predicted cognitive–academic skills in kindergarten, and was positively associated with academic achievement at Grade 9, related to the beneficial effect on children’s vocabulary in kindergarten.ConclusionThe presence of language‐based bedtime routines may provide an indicator of positive parental behaviour including exposure to literacy activities, contributing to children’s early cognitive development and subsequent academic achievement.
ANKRD11 variants: KBG syndrome and beyond
Authors: Parenti Ilaria , Mallozzi Mark B. , Hüning Irina , Gervasini Cristina , Kuechler Alma , Agolini Emanuele , Albrecht Beate , Baquero‐Montoya Carolina , Bohring Axel , Bramswig Nuria C. , Busche Andreas , Dalski Andreas , Guo Yiran , Hanker Britta , Hellenbroich Yorck , Horn Denise , Innes A. Micheil , Leoni Chiara , Li Yun R. , Lynch Sally Ann , Mariani Milena , Medne Livija , Mikat Barbara , Milani Donatella , Onesimo Roberta , Ortiz‐Gonzalez Xilma , Prott Eva Christina , Reutter Heiko , Rossier Eva , Selicorni Angelo , Wieacker Peter , Wilkens Alisha , Wieczorek Dagmar , Zackai Elaine H. , Zampino Giuseppe , Zirn Birgit , Hakonarson Hakon , Deardorff Matthew A. , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Kaiser Frank J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMutations affecting the transcriptional regulator Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11 (ANKRD11) are mainly associated with the multisystem developmental disorder known as KBG syndrome, but have also been identified in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and other developmental disorders caused by variants affecting different chromatin regulators. The extensive functional overlap of these proteins results in shared phenotypical features, which complicate the assessment of the clinical diagnosis. Additionally, re‐evaluation of individuals at a later age occasionally reveals that the initial phenotype has evolved toward clinical features more reminiscent of a developmental disorder different from the one that was initially diagnosed. For this reason, variants in ANKRD11 can be ascribed to a broader class of disorders that fall within the category of the so‐called chromatinopathies. In this work, we report on the clinical characterization of 23 individuals with variants in ANKRD11. The subjects present primarily with developmental delay, intellectual disability and dysmorphic features, and all but two received an initial clinical diagnosis of either KBG syndrome or CdLS. The number and the severity of the clinical signs are overlapping but variable and result in a broad spectrum of phenotypes, which could be partially accounted for by the presence of additional molecular diagnoses and distinct pathogenic mechanisms.
Use of motivational interviewing in behavioural interventions among adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Makin Harriet , Chisholm Anna , Fallon Victoria , Goodwin Laura 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis review aimed to identify whether motivational interviewing (MI) (a counselling approach for supporting behaviour change [BC]) helps to reduce bodyweight and BMI in an adult obesity context. This included evaluating effectiveness of MI interventions within this population and reporting the methodology used, including theoretical underpinnings and identification of BC and MI techniques. Eight databases were searched using controlled vocabulary. Eligible studies included adults with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), author‐reported interventions using MI aiming to reduce body weight or BMI, and comparator groups not receiving an MI intervention. Data extraction and quality appraisal tools were used to identify study characteristics, intervention content was coded for techniques, and random‐effects meta‐analysis were conducted to investigate effects. Meta‐analysis of 12 studies indicated no overall pooled effect on bodyweight and BMI outcomes between intervention and control groups (SMD = −0.01 [95%CI −0.13 to 0.12, P = .93]). Findings were limited by multiple sources accounting for risk of bias, and poor reporting of intervention fidelity and content. Intervention and control content descriptions indicated similar techniques, with social support, goal setting (behaviour) and self‐monitoring of behaviour occurring most frequently across both. Findings do not contribute additional evidence for MI use in this context, however methodological limitations were identified which must be resolved to better identify the intervention effects on obesity‐related outcomes.
Maternal sevoflurane exposure induces temporary defects in interkinetic nuclear migration of radial glial progenitors in the fetal cerebral cortex through the Notch signalling pathway
Authors: Jiang Ming , Tang Tianxiang , Liang Xinyue , Li Juchen , Qiu Yue , Liu Shiwen , Bian Shan , Xie Yunli , Fang Fang , Cang Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe effects of general anaesthetics on fetal brain development remain elusive. Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) generate the majority of neurons in developing brains. Here, we evaluated the acute alterations in RGPs after maternal sevoflurane exposure.MethodsPregnant mice were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane for 6 hours on gestational day 14.5. Interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) of RGPs in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the fetal brain was evaluated by thymidine analogues labelling. Cell fate of RGP progeny was determined by immunostaining using various neural markers. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess the neurocognitive behaviours of the offspring. RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was performed for the potential mechanism, and the potential mechanism validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), Western blot and rescue experiments. Furthermore, INM was examined in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived 3D cerebral organoids.ResultsMaternal sevoflurane exposure induced temporary abnormities in INM, and disturbed the cell cycle progression of RGPs in both rodents and cerebral organoids without cell fate alternation. RNA‐Seq analysis, qPCR and Western blot showed that the Notch signalling pathway was a potential downstream target. Reactivation of Notch by Jag1 and NICD overexpression rescued the defects in INM. Young adult offspring showed no obvious cognitive impairments in MWM.ConclusionsMaternal sevoflurane exposure during neurogenic period temporarily induced abnormal INM of RGPs by targeting the Notch signalling pathway without inducing long‐term effects on RGP progeny cell fate or offspring cognitive behaviours. More importantly, the defects of INM in hESC‐derived cerebral organoids provide a novel insight into the effects of general anaesthesia on human brain development.
How functionally diverse are fish in the deep? A comparison of fish communities in deep and shallow‐water systems
Authors: Carrington Victoria G. , Papa Yvan , Beese Chelsey M. , Hall Jessica , Covain Raphaël , Horn Peter , Ladds Monique A. , Rogers Alice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimFunctional diversity metrics inform how species’ traits relate to ecosystem functions, useful for quantifying how exploitation and disturbance impact ecosystems. We compare the functional diversity of entire fish communities in a shallow‐water region with a deep‐sea region for further insight into the differences between these ecosystem types.LocationThe regions compared in this study were selected to represent a shallow‐water coastal region, Tasman and Golden Bays (TBGB), and a deep‐sea region, Chatham Rise (CR), in New Zealand.MethodsFunctional diversity was assessed using four metrics: functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion. We compared these metrics across four key functions: habitat use, feeding, locomotion and life history.ResultsOur results showed that overall, the shallow‐water and deep‐sea ecosystems had equal diversity. When focusing on the four ecological functions, the two ecosystems exhibited equal diversity metrics across most analyses. Of the significantly different results, the deep‐sea had higher functional richness for habitat use and locomotion traits, lower functional dispersion for feeding and lower functional evenness for life history.Main conclusionsDifferences across the functions highlight higher diversity of habitat utilization by deep‐sea fish, while lower diversity in feeding suggests deep‐sea fish tend towards generalist diets, likely driven by low food availability. Deep‐sea fish displayed an increased range of locomotive traits in our analyses, but this conflicts with existing evidence and warrants further study. Life‐history results suggest deep‐sea fish exhibit higher clustering of traits, indicating potential under‐utilization of life‐history strategies in the deep‐sea. Our results demonstrate that although deep‐sea fish communities have similar levels of diversity to shallow‐water communities, the traits that structure this diversity differ, and therefore, the systems may respond to exploitation differently.
Connectivity and conservation of Western Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) habitat in Liberia
Authors: Frazier Amy E. , Honzák Miroslav , Hudson Catherine , Perlin Rebecca , Tohtsonie Alonzo , Gaddis Keith D. , de Sousa Celio , Larsen Trond H. , Junker Jessica , Nyandwi Sylvain , Trgovac Andrew B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimAs part of the Gaborone Declaration for Sustainability in Africa, Liberia has pledged to include the value of nature in national decision making through natural capital accounting. Surveying species of concern, such as the western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), which was recently reclassified as “critically endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and identifying protection priority areas are critical first steps towards achieving Liberia's goal to conserve 30% of its remaining forests and supporting the wave of conservation projects taking place in the country.LocationLiberia, Africa.MethodsWe modelled western chimpanzee habitat suitability, focusing on determining relevant environmental predictors and the most appropriate scale for modelling species–habitat relationships. We built models at six resolutions (30–960 m) to identify scale domains where relationships remain constant. We include several habitat variables that have not been included in prior modelling efforts. We then used the suitability map as the conductance input into a connectivity analysis using Circuitscape.ResultsThe amount of forest within 1–3 km was the most important predictor of chimpanzee occurrence. Variable ranks and importance shifted considerably between modelling scales, supporting the need for multiscale investigations, but scale domains were present. Several important corridors for chimpanzee habitat and movement overlap considerably with existing timber and palm oil concessions and overlap mining and rubber concessions to a lesser degree.Main conclusionsThe proportion of primary forest within 1–3 km is critically important for chimpanzee habitat. Ongoing conservation projects and efforts taking place in Liberia including the Good Growth Partnership and the Gaborone Declaration for Sustainability in Africa can utilize the spatial findings on connectivity provided by this study to inform future conservation decisions, particularly expanding exiting protected areas.
The demographic and ecological factors shaping diversification among rareAstragalusspecies
Authors: Jones Matthew R. , Winkler Daniel E. , Massatti Rob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimEvolutionary radiations are central to the origin and maintenance of biodiversity, yet we rarely understand how they are jointly shaped by demography and ecological opportunity.Astragalusis the largest plant genus in the world and is disproportionately comprised of rare species restricted to narrow geographic and ecological regions. Here, we explored the demographic and ecological mechanisms underlying patterns of diversification in a threatenedAstragalusspecies complex endemic to a small desert region in the western United States.LocationSoutheast Utah, USA.MethodsWe used high‐throughput DNA sequencing to infer genetic structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history (i.e., the timing of population divergence, effective population sizes and gene flow) amongAstragalustaxa. We performed landscape genetic analyses to quantify the relationships between genetic differentiation, geographic distance, and ecological distance based on bioclimatic and soil variables. Finally, we identified putative adaptive loci that show higher genetic differentiation between taxa than expected based on our inferred neutral demographic model.ResultsWe found evidence of low gene flow between three highly differentiated taxa (currently delineated asA.iselyi,A.sabulosusvar.sabulosusandA. sabulosusvar.vehiculus) that rapidly diverged from a small ancestral population near the beginning of the last glacial period. Genomic signatures revealed long‐term effective population sizes are 2–10× larger than recent census sizes, perhaps due to the maintenance of standing genetic variation through seed banks. Consistent with limited dispersal and local adaptation, genome‐wide patterns of differentiation are shaped by geographic distance (isolation‐by‐distance) and climate and soil variation (isolation‐by‐environment). Taxon‐specific adaptation is further supported by uncovering putative adaptive loci.Main ConclusionsOur findings suggest that interactions between demography (i.e., dispersal limitations and seeds banks) and ecological opportunity (i.e., spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity) may promote diversification, endemism, and rarity among closely relatedAstragalusspecies and similar plant clades distributed across complex landscapes.
The use of semi‐compliant versus non‐compliant balloon systems for predilatation during the implantation of self‐expandable transcatheter aortic valves
Authors: Mach Markus , Szalkiewicz Philipp , Poschner Thomas , Hasan Waseem , Andreas Martin , Winkler Bernhard , Hasimbegovic Ena , Steinkellner Theresia , Strouhal Andreas , Adlbrecht Christopher , Delle‐Karth Georg , Grabenwöger Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the differences in outcome arising from the use of semi‐compliant (SCB) versus non‐compliant balloon (NCB) systems for predilatation during self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Methods251 TAVR procedures with the implantation of self‐expanding valves after predilatation were analyzed. SCB systems were used in 166 and NCB systems in 85 patients. The primary endpoint was defined as device success, a composite endpoint comprising the absence of procedural mortality, correct valve positioning, adequate valve performance and the absence of more than a mild paravalvular leak. The secondary endpoints were chosen in accordance with the valve academic research consortium (VARC‐2) endpoint definitions.ResultsNo significant differences were observed with regard to procedural device success between the SCB‐ and NCB cohort (SCB: 142 [85.5%%] vs. NCB: 77 [90.6%]; P = .257). There was a notable difference between the rates of conversion to open surgery and the postdilatation rate, both of which were higher for the NCB group (SCB: 1 [0.6%] vs. NCB: 4 [5.1%]; P = .042; SCB: 30 [18.1%] vs. NCB: 34 [40%]; P < .001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the use of semi‐compliant balloon systems for predilatation was associated with a lower risk for postdilatation (OR: 0.296; 95% CI: 0.149‐0.588) and conversion to open surgery (OR: 0.205; 95% CI: 0.085‐0.493; P = .001) but not for device success.ConclusionWhile the balloon compliance did not affect the procedural mortality, device success or the rate of paravalvular leakage, the use of semi‐compliant balloons for predilatation during TAVR should be investigated in larger randomized trials in the light of the lower rates of postdilatation and conversion to open surgery compared to their non‐compliant counterparts.