bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration in Melaleuca cajuputi Powell forest in U Minh Ha National Park, Ca Mau, Viet Nam
Authors: Loi Le Tan , Hoang Nguyen Xuan , Phong Nguyen Tan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Melaleuca forests significantly contribute to economic development through silviculture and play an important role in carbon sequestration and supply of oxygen. Currently, Melaleuca seedlings are planted on bunds in inundated areas or on trenches in elevated areas. Little is known of what planting methods and growth stage of Melaleuca trees are best for developing new forest areas and sequestering highest levels of carbon. We selected U Minh Ha National Park in search for answers to the questions. We established 12 standard plots (10m x 10m) in the park where Melaleuca trees at two ages (10 years of age and 15 years of age) were planted on bunds and trenches. We employed Anova analysis, SPSS software and numerical analysis for analyzing and evaluating carbon sequestration by Melaleuca trees. We found that planting method significantly contributes to developing new forest areas in terms of tree volume, biomass, and carbon sequestration. Bund-based planting proves to be more cost-effective in developing new forest areas and carbon sequestration than trench-based planting. Trees at the age of 10 planted on bunds has been the most effective category for sequestering carbon. Our methodology in examining the relationship proves to be a feasible reference to new forest development and payment for forest service scheme in the Mekong Delta region or elsewhere in the broader region.
Keeping Calm on a Busy Day—An Interpersonal Skill Home Care Patients Desire in Health Workers: Hermeneutical Phenomenological Method
Authors: Watz Siw , Ingstad Kari 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn Western countries, many health and social care provisions have been transferred to primary care, and most older patients wish to remain in their own homes for as long as possible. For older patients who live alone, health workers could be their only personal contacts. Hence, health workers’ personal skills affect their relationships with these patients. Accordingly, this study aimed to shed light on the interpersonal skills needed by health workers to establish good relationships with older home care patients and highlight the importance of interpersonal skills training in nursing education.Methods The qualitative method was used to elicit data on patients’ perspectives. Ten home care patients were interviewed individually in their own homes between December 2019 and January 2020.Results Despite individual variations, health workers’ interpersonal skills are of significance with regard to the social well-being of patients living at home. The findings revealed that patients want health workers to be mentally present, congruent in their communications, calm and relaxed during the available time spent with them, and capable of facilitating autonomy.Conclusions It is important to present patients’ perspectives to ensure that nursing education is geared towards patients’ best interests.Registration number: The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD): 953937.
The Compensatory Increased BDNF and NGF in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Following Home-based Aerobic Training and Vitamin D Supplementation During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Bahmani Elahe , Hoseini Rastegar , Amiri Ehsan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Lifestyle modifications (physical activity and diet) are among the most promising strategies in MS rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: In this randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 38 females with Multiple sclerosis with EDSS: 3-5 (aged 20–40 years with body mass index [BMI] of 25–30 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups: aerobic training + Vitamin D supplementation (AT+Vit D; n=10); aerobic training (AT; n=9); Vitamin D supplementation (Vit D; n=9), and Control (Placebo) (n=10). The AT program consisted of 50-70% of HRMax, 25-40 min/day, three days/wk for eight weeks. Participants in the Vit D group consumed 50000 IU of Vitamin D supplement capsules per week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed through paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance, as well as Tukey's post hoc test at the signification level of P<0.05.Results: BDNF and NGF levels improved significantly from pre-test to post-test within all experimental groups. BDNF and NGF decreased significantly in AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D compared to C. Also, the results show that the AT+Vit D had significantly lower BDNF and NGF compared to AT (P=0.023 and P=0.011) and Vit D (P=0.001 and P=0.002). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combination of AT+Vit D improves BDNF and NGF status more effectively than AT or Vit D alone in female Multiple sclerosis patients.
Biocompatibility and Bioactivity of BCP/Dox Scaffolds Containing Doxycycline Microspheres for Rat Silencing Pparγ Gene Transfected Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lin Tao , Liu Zemiao , Kong Jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In our previous study, we have found that PPARγ-silenced BMSCs decreased adipogenic differentiation, but increased osteogenic differentiation after being induced by doxycycline. We demonstrated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaﬀold coated with multilayer of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-Lactide (HA/PLLA) nanocomposites is an excellent substitute for damaged and defect bone in bone tissue engineering. Combination of biomaterial scaffolds and therapeutic agents could contribute to a more predictable outcome with the potential of inducing bone formation while preventing bacterial infection. The delivery of BMSCs into Dox implant scaffolds aiming at enhancing the inﬂuence of BMSCs on the biocompatibility of the Dox implant has not been reported yet. Methods: The Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-Methoxypolyethylene glycols (PLGA-mPEG) microspheres were prepared by encapsulating the doxycycline, and they were incorporated into three dimensional BCP scaﬀold to build a doxycycline sustained release system of BCP scaﬀold. The preprocessed BCP scaﬀold is present to tBMSCs, then tBMSCs viability, tBMSCs proliferation and differentiation capacities are detected in vitro. Results: The microspheres were uniformly loaded on the BCP scaffolds and the pore structure was not affected, the BCP/Dox scaffolds were a good porous scaffold for the sustained release Dox for 2 months. The BCP/Dox scaffolds could promote transfected tBMSCs adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Conclusions: The BCP/Dox scaffold is a suitable carrier for localized delivery of the Dox, and he BCP/Dox scaffolds could promote adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated tBMSCs in vitro, but more work is needed to research to meet the demands of tissue engineering.
Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins through Shellfish Consumption in Shenzhen Population, China
Authors: Zhou Yan , Li Shenpan , Zhang Jianying , Zhang Jinzhou , Wang Zhou , Pan Liubo , Huang Baiqiang , Huang Ke , Chen Xiao , Zhao Qionghui , Jiang Tianjiu , Liu Jianjun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by certain marine dinoflagellates accumulate in filter-feeding marine bivalves. We used LC-MS/MS to detect and quantify 13 PSTs in 188 shellfish samples of 14 species collected from Shenzhen city’s Buji seafood wholesale market from March 2019 to February 2020. Twenty-six of 188 shellfish samples (13.8%) were PST- positive, with highest values in samples of the Noble clam Chlamys nobilis (10/34, 29.4%). Samples originating from Nan’ao island among 11 source sites in China recorded the highest detected rate (7/17, 41.2%). Samples containing PSTs were concentrated in Spring and Winter, with the highest levels in March > December > January. Among PSTs detected, C1 was dominant. Acute dietary exposure assessments for Shenzhen residents were based on P99 consumption data (139.2g/day) and maximum PST concentration for each shellfish species. The outcome for Chlamys nobilis was 2.4 ~ 3.7-fold higher than recommended ARfDs (0.5 ~ 0.7 µg STX eq./kg bw/day). Mean PST concentration (10.9 ~ 134.1 µg STX Eq. /kg), mean shellfish consumption (4.8 g/day) and P99 consumption data were used to assess chronic dietary exposure. The results were lower than the recommended ARfDs. In conclusion, residents in Shenzhen are at risk for acute PST poisoning, while relatively safe from chronic PST exposure.
Hemodynamic Impact of Stenting on Carotid Bifurcation: A Potential Role in the Stented Segment and External Carotid Artery
Authors: Fan Zhenmin , Liu Xiao , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Nan , Ye Xia , Deng Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Carotid stenting near the bifurcation carina is associated with adverse events, especially in-stent restenosis, in-stent thrombosis, and side branch occlusion in clinical data. This study aims to determine the potential biomechanical mechanisms for these adverse events after carotid stenting. The patient-specific carotid models were constructed with different stenting scenarios to study the flow distribution and hemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress (WSS), flow velocity, relative residence time (RRT), and oscillating shear index (OSI) in the carotid bifurcation. The results suggested that existing stent obviously reduced blood flow to external carotid artery (ECA) but enhanced local flow disturbance both in ECA and stented internal carotid artery (ICA), and the inner-posterior wall of stented ICA and the outer-posterior wall of ECA might endure a relatively low level of WSS and remarkably elevated OSI and RRT. In addition, the implanted stent leads to more ECA adverse flow than stented ICA. While disturbed flow in the vicinity of strut increased as stent length increased, blood flow and areas of local flow disturbance in ECA slightly decreased as stent length increased. In conclusion, the results revealed that ECA might be in relatively high levels of abnormal local hemodynamics after stenting, followed by stented ICA, leading to potential adverse events after interventions.
The Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Promotes Melanoma Malignant Progression by Activating PI3K-AKT Signaling
Authors: zhang simei , cao shuang , gong mengyuan , zhang wunai , zhang weifan , zhu zeen , wu shuai , shi yue , wang lin , yue yangyang , qian weikun , ma qingyong , wang shengpeng , wang zheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that can metastasize at early stage. The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 plays a crucial role in embryonic development, tumour growth, migration, invasion and vascularization. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of Piezo1 and its potential mechanism in regulating the malignant phenotypes of melanoma.Methods: The expression of Piezo1 in melanoma was analysed using quantitative real-time PCR and public databases. The effect of Piezo1 on cell viability was examined using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell invasion and migration ability were assessed using wound healing assays, transwell assays, transendothelial migration assays and a tail vein cancer metastasis model in vivo. Bioinformatics and western blot assayses were used to explore the effect of Pieoz1 on P13K/AKT signalling.Results: Piezo1 was upregulated in melanoma and was positively associated with poor survival. Piezo1 knockdown significantly weakened the intracellular calcium signal significantly and inhibited the viability of melanoma cells. Furthermore, Piezo1 knockdown inhibited the invasion and metastasis ability in vitro and in vivo by inducing the expression of cell cycle, invasion and metastasis related genes. To clarify the possible mechanism, it seems that Piezo1 activates the PI3K-AKT signalling to maintain malignant phenotypes of melanoma.Conclusion: Piezo1 acts as an oncogene in melanoma cells and provides a novel candidate for melanoma diagnosis and treatment.
Wound-Healing Properties of Green (Using Lawsonia Inermis Leaf Extract) and Chemically Synthesized Zno Nanoparticles in Albino Rats
Authors: Metwally Asmaa A. , Abdel-Hady Abdel-Nasser A.A. , Haridy Mohie A.M. , Ebnalwaled Khaled , Saied AbdulRahman A , Soliman Ahmed S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wound healing is one of the utmost medical issues in human and veterinary medicine, which explains the urgent need for developing new agents that possess wound-healing activities. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of green and chemical ZnO-NPs for wound healing. ZnO-NPs (chemical and green using Lawsonia inermis leaf extract) were synthesized and characterized by XRD; FTIR, and HRTEM. The gels containing the nanomaterials were prepared and inspected. Forty-five albino rats were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with normal saline 0.9 % and the other two groups were treated with gels containing green and chemical ZnO-NPs, respectively. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st dpt, the wounds were clinical and histologically examined. Both nanomaterials have good crystallinity and high purity, but green ZnO-NPs have a longer nanowire length and diameter than chemical ZnO-NPs. The formed gels were highly viscous with a pH of 6.5 to 7. Both prepared gels showed clinical improvements, such as a decrease in WSA and WSA%, increase in WC%, and reduced healing time (P < 0.05) in both treated groups when compared with control group. The histological scoring of this study showed that the epithelization score was significantly higher at 21st dpt in treated groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the vasculature, necrosis, connective tissue formation, and collagen synthesis scores were mostly similar. The green and chemical ZnO-NPs gels showed promising wound healing properties however, the LI mediated-ZnO-NPs were more effective.
Dipole Moment and Charge Reorganization in Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Earley Justin , Zieleniewska Anna , Ripberger Hunter , Lazorski Megan , Mast Zachary , Sayre Hannah , Knowles Robert , McCusker James , Scholes Gregory , Reid Obadiah , Rumbles Garry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report evidence of excited-state ion pair reorganisation in a cationic iridium (III) photoredox catalyst in 1,4-dioxane. Microwave-frequency dielectric-loss measurements combined with accurate calculations of dipolar relaxation time allow us to assign both ground and excited-state molecular dipole moments in solution and determine the polarizability volume in the excited-state. These measurements show significant changes in ground-state dipole moment between [Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy)]PF6 (10.74 Debye) and [Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy)]BArF4 (4.86 Debye). Photoexcitation of each complex results in population of highly mixed ligand centered and metal-to-ligand charge transfer states with enormous polarizability. Relaxation to the lowest lying excited-state leads to a negative change in the dipole moment for [Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy)]PF6, and a positive change in dipole moment for [Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy)]BArF4. These observations are consistent with a sub-nanosecond reorganization with the PF6- counter-ion, which cancels the dipole moment of the lowest lying excited-state, a process which is absent for the BArF-4 counter-ion. Taken together, these observations suggest contact-ion pair formation between the cationic metal complex and the PF6- anion and, at most, solvent-separated pairing with BArF-4. The dynamic ion pair reorganisation we observe with the PF6- counter-ion may substantially modify both the thermodynamic potential available for electron transfer and kinetically inhibit oxidative catalysis, as the anion moves to cover the positively charged end of the molecule, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for recently observed trends in the catalytic activity of these complexes as a function of anion identity in low-polarity solvents. These tunable ion-pair dynamics could prove to be a valuable tool for tailoring the reactivity of both new and extant photocatalysts.
Stimulating TRPM7 Suppresses Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Inhibiting Autophagy
Authors: Xing Yanhong , Wei Xiangqing , Liu Yucheng , Wang Meng-meng , Fei Yuan-hui , Sui Zhongheng , Zhang Yang , Jiang Yi , Lu Chen , Zhang Peng , Chen Rong , Liu Nan , Wu Mengmei , Ding Lin , Wang Yuqing , Guo Feng , Qi Jiansong , Wang Wuyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background-The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitous cation channel possessing kinase activity. TRPM7 mediates a variety of physiological responses by conducting flow of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. TRPM7 has been reported to contribute to basal autophagy and tumorigenesis, however, its precise role in autophagy and functional effects on cancer still need to be elucidated. Methods-We have utilized various TRPM7 modulators as well as the overexpression or knockdown of the TRPM7 channel to modulate TRPM7 activity in order to systematically define the role of TRPM7 in autophagy. Results-Here, we show that the activation of TRPM7 channel stimulated by chemical agonists of TRPM7, Clozapine or Naltriben, inhibited autophagy via mediating Zn2+ release to the cytosol, presumably from the intracellular Zn2+-accumulating vesicles where TRPM7 localizes. Zn2+ release following the activation of TRPM7 disrupted the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes by disturbing the interaction between Sxt17 and VAMP8 which determines fusion status of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Ultimately, the disrupted fusion resulting from stimulation of TRPM7 channels arrested autophagy. Functionally, we demonstrate that the autophagy inhibition mediated by TRPM7 triggered cell death and suppressed metastasis of cancer cells in vitro, more importantly, restricted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, by evoking apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation. Conclusion-We demonstrate that stimulating TRPM7 channels inhibits autophagy by disrupting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, the TRPM7-induced autophagy inhibition suppresses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our findings represent TRPM7 channels a great potential for cancer treatment.
Hypertrophy of the Ligamentum Flavum in Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis is Associated with Abnormal Accumulation of Specific Lipids
Authors: Yamada Tomohiro , Horikawa Makoto , Sato Tomohito , Kahyo Tomoaki , Takanashi Yusuke , Ushirozako Hiroki , Kurosu Kenta , Mamun Md. Al , Mihara Yuki , Oe Shin , Arima Hideyuki , Banno Tomohiro , Yosida Go , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yamato Yu , Setou Mitsutoshi , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (HLF) is the most important component of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Analysis of hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (HLF) samples from patients with LSCS can be an important que. The current study analyzed the surgical samples of HLF samples in patients with LCSC using quantitative and qualitative high performance-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.Methods. We collected ligamentum flavum (LF) tissue from twelve patients with LSCS and from four patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH). We defined LF from LSCS patients as HLF and that from LDH patients as non-hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (NHLF). Total lipids were extracted from the LF samples and evaluated for quantity and quality using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.Results. The total lipid amount of the HLF group was 3.6 times higher than that of the NHLF group. Phosphatidylcholines (PCs), ceramides (Cers), O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs), and triglycerides (TGs) in the HLF group were more than 32 times higher than those of the NHLF group. PC(26:0)+H+, PC(25:0)+H+, and PC(23:0)+H+ increased in all patients in the HLF group compared to the NHLF group. The thickness of the LF correlated significantly with PC(26:0)+H+ in HLF. Conclusion. We identified the enriched specific PCs, Cers, OAHFAs, and TGs in HLF.
Shielding Properties Enhancement of Bentonite Clay Nano Particles Coated by Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer
Authors: Sallam Fawzy Hammad , Ibrahim Eman Mohamed , Hassan Sayed Fahmy , Omar Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Calcination process is a method used for gamma rays mass attenuation coefficient enhancement of natural bentonite clay nano-particles. This process eliminates water and organic matter from bentonite clay structure which have low mass attenuation coefficient values. There are two opposite effects on mass attenuation coefficient values; oxides content increases after calcination process which enhances mass attenuation coefficient values and particle size of calcinated bentonite increases which decreases mass attenuation coefficient values. In order to enhance mass attenuation coefficient value for natural bentonite, a physical ball milling must introduced after calcination process that decreases particle size. Calcination process is done at 700 ̊C for two hours because dehydration is completed above 500 ˚C while dehydroxylation observed at 700 ˚C. Mass attenuation coefficients are measured for calcinated and ball milled bentonite clay at different energies (662, 1173 and 1332 keV) and different pressing pressures (50, 100 and 150 bar). Narrow beam transmission technique and two different sources (Cs-137 and Co-60) are used for mass attenuation coefficient measurements, also particle size are measured by two different methods dynamic light scattering and Williamson-Hall size analyses using XRD patterns. All samples are coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer.
The Novel Method for Delivery miRNA-34a: a New Cationic PEGylated Niosomal Formulation for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Abtahi Najmeh Alsadat , Haghiralsadat Fateme , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Reza Javad Zavar , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , Mahboob Tooba , Pereira Maria De Lourdes , Wilairatana Polrat , Hossain Rajib , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The reactive surface of nanoparticles makes it possible to simply modify with a biocompatible coating and load with therapeutic agents such as siRNA, miRNA, an anti-cancer drug, and antibody. MicroRNAs, like the noncoding RNAs, contribute critical to the regulation of numerous cellular functions via transcriptional silencing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have enormous potential in cancer treatment, however, it is difficult to deliver them effectively to most solid tumors. The encapsulation of miRNA-34a in niosome nanoparticles is an attractive strategy for biopharmaceutical resources against cancer. The present study investigated the effectiveness of anticancer activity against MCF-7 and T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells of a new noiosome system composed of nonionic surfactants. Methods: We used the optimum formulations to transfer miRNA-34a to breast cancer cells, providing potential benefits, such as exceptionally high entrapment efficiency (almost 100%), spherical shape, suitable positive charge (zeta potential~ + 24 mV) and small diameter (~100 nm). Results: The miRNA-34a-niosomes represented improved cytotoxic activity against the cancer cells compared to readily dispersed miRNA-34a. The resulting data indicate that delivery of miRNA-34a via niosome can affect tumor suppression, highlighting its promising anticancer effects in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the developed a new carrier to improve the delivery of miRNA-34a into the tumor cells. The formulation provided in the present work is stable with a sustained release, high efficiency of miRNA-34a loading having a diameter of 115 nm. miRNA loading is performed without potentially harmful chemical reactions. Niosomes loaded with miRNA-34a in this study represented significant cytotoxic effects against the human breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cells, which highlights their potential effect on this type of cancer cells.