bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mangrove condition of Mare Island, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Tahir I , Kepel R C , Jamaluddin R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to determine the condition of mangroves according to the species density and mangrove canopy cover in marine conservation area of Mare Gam Village, Mare Island. The data were collected using the nested quadrat line transect method. The level of species density was calculated based on the criteria for mangrove growth, namely seedlings, saplings and trees. The results showed that there were 9 types of mangroves, based on the value of species density and canopy cover, the condition of mangroves at the observation site was in the good and dense category.
Ecological characteristics of mangroves and coral reefs at Central Weda Sub-District, North Maluku
Authors: Lessy M R , Bemba J , Wahiddin N , Supyan  , Taeran I , Galitan Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increase of human activities on coastal area in Central Weda Sub-District has caused degradation of coastal ecosystems. Even though coastal ecosystems have an essential role in marine ecology, such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, they are sometimes undermined by economic or commercial interests. This study aimed to determine density and cover percentage of mangrove forests and coral reefs in Central Weda Sub-district, North Maluku. Data collection on coral reef ecosystem components was carried out by applying georeferenced photo-transect and line transect quadrat techniques. While for mangroves, data collection included species diversity and tree/canopy cover percentage. Study result showed that based on lifeform percentage of coral reefs, most of the study areas were in a good category with 23.95% coverage, moderate condition 39,5%, and poor condition 36.6%. The coral reefs in good and moderate conditions were found at location having relatively low human activities. Whereas percentage of mangrove cover from all stations ranged from 78,39 to 78,76% with Important Value Index ranging from 106,79% to 158,32%.
Development strategy for marine conservation area of Mare Island, Tidore Islands City
Authors: Baksir A , Wahidin N , Ohorela F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mare Island is a strategic small island, both in its location and its natural resources. In the Regional Regulation of North Maluku Province Number 2 of 2018 concerning Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands of North Maluku Province for 2018-2038, Mare Island is designated as Coastal and Small Islands Conservation Areas. Furthermore, through the Decree of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Affairs Number 66/KEPMEN-KP/2020, Mare Island has been designated as a Marine Conservation Area. The research aims to formulate a strategy for developing marine conservation areas on Mare Island. Field data collection was carried out in the form of observations, interviews and questionnaires, analysis of existing spatial conditions using the Geographic Information System (GIS), for strategy formulation using SWOT analysis tools after identifying various internal and external factors. external strategy, while the alternative strategy is continued by determining the priority of the strategy using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that there were 11 alternative formulations of strategies for development of Mare Island marine conservation areas in order of priority: Improved conservation area management, Capacity building for government and community organizations, Implementation of Zoning Plans and Preparation of Detailed Spatial Plans, Economic empowerment and development of alternative livelihoods, Partnership network improvement, Improvement of tourism facilities and infrastructure, Collaboration of programs among local government offices, Structuring residential areas, Limiting the use of SDKP, Law enforcement and Development of sea and land transportation facilities.
An assessment of small islands coral cover and coral-reef fish diversity at Oba Sub-district, Halmahera Island
Authors: Ismail F , Akbar N , Tahir I , Paembonan R E , Marus I , Wibowo E S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Study on the percentage of coral cover four small islands of Oba Sub-district, Halmahera Island of North Maluku Utara Province was carried out in April 2021.The four small islands of Oba Sub-district studied are Woda Island, Raja Island, Tamin Island, and Guratu Island. The study applied systematic sampling method that included collecting coral reef data using UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) method and coral fish data collection using visual census method. Study results showed that live coral coverage of reefs on the four small islands of Oba Sub-district had the highest value of 5.415% and the lowest value of 4.29%. There was positive relationship between coral growth form diversity and fish diversity. High diversity of coral growth forms was significantly related to high diversity of target reef fish.
Population structure of Indian scad fish (Decapterus russelli) that was landed at the Nusantara Fishing Port of Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad A , Susanto A N , Hamisi Y J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndian scad fish (Decapterus russelli) is a small pelagic fish species commonly caught in Indonesian seas. Excessive fishing efforts can cause population degradation, so it is necessary to understand its population structure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the population structure parameters of Indian scad fish, including growth parameters, cohort, and mortality. Sampling was done by Stratified Random Sampling method. Data analysis used the FISAT II application. Study results showed that there were 4 cohorts. The growth parameters of Indian scad fish obtained asymptote length (L∞) of 296.15 mm, coefficient of growth rate (K) of 0.60 per year, and initial age (t0) of -0.66 years. Value of coefficient of growth rate (K) indicated that growth of scad was relatively slow. The total mortality value (Z) was 0.51 per year, natural mortality (M) was 0.0034 per year, and fishing mortality (F) was 0.51 per year. So that the highest Indian scad fish mortality was caused by fishing mortality. The exploitation rate (E) was 1 per year, indicating that the Indian scad fish resources have been overexploited.
The effect of coal-fired power plant (CFPP) operations on food transfer Polonium-210 (210Po) in coastal ecosystem
Authors: Aryanti C A , Muslim  , Suseno H , Prihatiningsih W R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A coal-fired power plant (CFPP) is an option to cover a requirement of supply electrical energy, but in the process of operating, it can release several radionuclides. One of the radionuclides is 210Po which is one of the most radiotoxic natural radionuclides. 210Po radionuclides can move into the food web in marine ecosystems. The transfer of 210Po to marine ecosystems can be determined using a method of impact radiation doses on components of marine ecosystems such as plankton, coral, fish, molluscs, and crustacea. The results show that external and internal doses of 210Po were still below the screening level determined by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), thus does not have an impact on the marine organism ecosystem.
Study on suitability of Derawan Island as marine tourism destination towards development of sustainable tourism in the new capital city candidate of Indonesia
Authors: Simarangkir O R , Utami P B , Ricky  , Nani  , Tawang F , Irwan  , Kodiran T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Derawan Island is one of the leading tourist destinations in Kalimantan Timur Province which is a candidate for the new capital city of Indonesia. Marine tourism on Derawan Island relies on the potential of marine resources so that a suitability study is needed for the development of sustainable tourism. This study aims to determine the suitability of marine tourism, especially the interest in diving and snorkeling in sites of Derawan Island. Data collection was carried out by surveying in December 2020 at five snorkeling and six popular dive sites in Derawan Island. Data on coral community, the number of coral fish species, and the water quality parameters are used to analyze the suitability of marine tourism. Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was used to collecting coral community data, Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method was used to collect data on the abundance of reef fish species, and in situ water quality parameters. Tourism suitability index formula (IKW) using the four classification marine tourism suitability matrix was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show the suitability index for diving tourism as a whole is in suitable to very suitable category, while the snorkeling tourism suitability index is in the suitable category.
Program for determination of zones of gold concentration on sluices of washing devices
Authors: Alekseev V S , Seryi R S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Currently sluice washing devices are the most common in alluvial gold mining. Their use provides a sufficiently high performance, relatively low power consumption, and acceptable recovery of valuable components. The theoretical provisions of traditional hydraulics make it possible to determine all the main parameters of the movement of particles of rocks and gold in the pulp, however, in real operating conditions of the sluice box, their actual values will differ greatly from the calculated ones, especially if there are solid fractions in the pulp with a particle size of more than 20 mm. This is explained by significant fluctuations in the values of the surface, average and bottom velocities of the two-phase flow, vertical pulsation velocity in conditions of constrained movement of the different fractional composition of rocks. The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the dependence of the distance traveled by an individual gold particle and host rocks in a two-phase flow through a sluice, the bottom of which is lined with trapping coatings, on the design and technological parameters of the flushing device. The mathematical model for determining this distance formed the basis of the Gold Enriching program. The program allows, in a wide range of initial data, to determine the zones of concentration of gold of a certain size at the sluice boxes.
Bioindication of mercury pollution of the Amur River during the ice-covered period
Authors: Andreeva D V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of the layer-by-layer research of a river ice cores by using spectral and microbiological methods were presented. The impact of the mercury on sulfate-reducing bacteria activity from different layers of ice that had been sampled in March 2016 in the lower Amur River in Khabarovsk city was found. It was found that mercury concentration range of 0.0005-0.001 mg/l stimulated the sulfate-reducing bacteria activity, which were into the ice throughout the study area of the Amur River. To a large extent, this effect was typical for the ice that was sampled in the right bank of the Amur River near Khabarovsk city, where mercury pollution of the aquatic environment had been detected repeatedly. The activity of biogeochemical processes into the ice determined by high concentrations of organic substances, by the pollution of the aquatic environment with mercury during the ice cover formation, and by the abundance of cultivated heterotrophic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. During the ice drift and ice melting, the secondary pollution with toxic substances of various genesis of the aquatic environment occurs, which can have a negative impact on a hydrobionts.
Alien species of the Apiaceae family in the flora of Khabarovsk Territory (the Russian Far East)
Authors: Antonova L A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of studying alien species of the Apiaceae family in the flora of the Khabarovsk Territory are presented. According to our data, 13 alien species of this family, including the invasive species Pastinaca sylvestris are now widespread in the territory of the region. They differ in the degree of naturalization, phytocenotic confinement, and the intensity of settlement.
Comparative analysis of computer programs for hydraulic calculation of steam-water mixture in pipelines
Authors: Chermoshentseva A , Shulyupin A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the practice of developing geothermal fields, it is necessary to forecast the flow parameters of the well and the pressure drop in the pipeline and need to decide on the optimal design for stable operation of the pipeline. At domestic facilities of geothermal energy, the hydraulic calculation of the steam-water mixture pipelines was carried out using the computer program MODEL developed by the authors of this work. New challenges and the emergence of stability theory led to the creation of the mathematical model SWIP (Steam-Water Inclining Pipeline). This paper presents a comparative analysis of two options for implementing the new model.
Municipal Districts in the System of Landscape-Ecological Zoning of the Northern Sikhote-Alin
Authors: Klimina E M , Ostroukhov A V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The process of landscape-ecological zoning of a large natural object makes it possible to represent spatial combinations of geosystems that perform the most important ecological functions. To preserve them at the level of municipal district government, it is necessary to identify ecologically significant landscapes that can be optimally used in the economy and at the same time being part of the regional system for preserving the natural environment. This is a case study of two municipal districts of Khabarovsk Territory – Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, their place in the landscape-ecological zoning of the Northern Sikhote-Alin, the dynamics of spatio-temporal changes in the categories of regional landscape-ecological zoning within these districts have been considered.
Forest Husbandry in the Khabarovsk Territory: Environmental Risks and Ways of Addressing Them
Authors: Kryukova M V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Khabarovsk Territory is characterized by considerable reserves of the forest resources. Their share is 18 % of the forested area of the Far Eastern Federal District and 25 % of the timber reserves. In the region, the forestry sector is the branch of national economic specialization which is associated with the export orientation of the forestry products. In this paper, the factors that determine environmental risks during logging are analyzed, including a low level of control of felling, violations of technologies, rules and standards for felling in the main-use forests, an increase in a fire hazard, violation of the hydrological regime of rivers, the development of erosion processes, pollution of aquatic ecosystems, expansion of road networks, increased poaching pressure on previously inaccessible forest areas, etc. Environmental problems caused by these factors are associated with a decrease in the resources, the ecological functions and the biological diversity of forests, the destruction of possibilities for traditional forest management, and the destruction and transformation of historically formed ecosystems. An unbiased inventory of the forest resources, their quantity and quality assessment, a governmental monitoring of the state of forest ecosystems, support for alternative types of forest use (recreational, tourist, etc.) are of paramount importance in solving these problems.
Comparative study on windbreak effects of two different configuration shelterbelts
Authors: Li J , Dong S , Li Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Pinus sylvestris, Artemisia ordosica, Tamarix chinensis Lour, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Salix matsudana Koidz were selected to design the models of forest belts. Through wind tunnel experiments, we analyzed the wind speed frequency, wind speed flow field and wind protection efficiency of two different configuration shelterbelts. The results showed the wind speed frequency of mixed shelterbelts was generally lower than that of single shelterbelts with the same configuration. The similarity of the average wind speed between No.1 A3 and No.2 C3 indicates that the windbreak effect of low-density arbor-shrub mixed shelterbelt was similar to that of high-density single shelterbelt. The average wind protection efficiency of No.1 A1 was similar to that of No.1 C2, indicating that the influence of density of pinus sylvestrison of wind protection efficiency is greater than the height of forest belt. the average wind protection efficiency of No. 2 A2 was 57.64%, which was similar to that of No. 2 B3, indicating that the height of the forest belt increased, and the influence of density on the protection effect of the forest belt decreased.Therefore, the wind protection ability of multi-species and highly hierarchical mixed forests was higher than that of single shelterbelt.
Research on the Evaluation of Investment Environment of Russia’s Key Cities
Authors: Liu Q , Dong S , Li F , Cheng H , Ji M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The resources and industries between the two largest neighbor countries (Russia and China) complement each other, the level of political mutual trust is high and the prospects for trade cooperation are broad. The selection of the best regions and the best industries to strengthen investment in Russia is of great strategic significance to the promotion of the “Belt and Road” and the construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. However, the relevant research is very limited, and the current research on the investment environment in Russia is mostly at the provincial level. The unclear investment environment and unknown investment risks have severely restricted trade cooperation with Russia. The research team conducted several years of scientific investigations, government visits and scientific research in Russia, and obtained a large amount of first-hand valuable data. This study scientifically evaluated the investment environment of 16 key Russian cities in terms of economy, society, infrastructure, policies, etc., and classified the investment environment. The results of this research will provide direct scientific and technological support for strategic decisions such as strengthening bilateral economic and trade cooperation. It is an important reality for ensuring the smooth implementation of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.
Cities in newly-developed regions: features of shaping a sustainable development
Authors: Narbut N A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main criterion for sustainable development in the world ultimately comes down to the ratio of disturbed and undisturbed areas within certain boundaries and compliance with particular conditions. These conditions can be met by considering the city area together with its suburbs. The presence of a suburban area and its characteristics depend on the stage of urbanization of the area. Newly-developed cities, being in the first stage of urbanization, have a sufficient amount of open space in both urban and suburban areas. This is an advantage in shaping sustainable development over the old-developed cities, which are in the second and third stages of urbanization. In these stages, urban agglomerations are formed, resulting in the shrinkage and sometimes complete disappearance of suburban areas. At the same time, industrial, transport and military facilities that have lost their functions in the process of de-industrialization, the downsizing of the urban kernel and the formation of a “secondary” free space, are being rehabilitated or completely eliminated. These activities are labour-intensive and costly, but they do help to increase some of the available space within the city and improve the environmental situation in the city.
Duration of the growing season (with stable air temperatures above 5 and 10 °C) in Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Noskova E V , Vakhnina I L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The timing and duration of the growing season is a significant factor affecting the sustainability of landscapes and the functioning of a number of sectors of the economy. As part of the work carried out on the geo-administrative regions of ZabUGMS on the territory of Eastern Transbaikalia for the period 1976-2018 a significant increase was revealed in the duration of the growing season (with stable air temperatures above 5 and 10 °C). The analysis of the dynamics of the dates of the onset of stable transitions in the spring and autumn periods is carried out.
Parklands of “Dynamo” park, “Naval Fleet Officers’ House” in the city of Khabarovsk and their ecological state
Authors: Roslikova V I , Matveenko T I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On the example of the park zones of the city of Khabarovsk (“Dynamo” and “House of officers of the fleet”), a variety of transformation of the soil cover and the formation of new preferred formations were revealed. The specificity of the state of the soil environment of two parks, located in e same type of engineering-geological conditions, but different variants of anthropogenic impact, is revealed. The changes in the structure of the profiles depending on the position of the soil in the elementary landscape are considered and their biological activity is characterized. The use of bioindication methods indicates that the most comfortable park areas of the city are also susceptible to contamination with heavy metals. It is proposed to use the characteristics of the basic parameters of the soil cover as a promising approach in improving the environment. This will reveal the ecological situation of the territory and make appropriate decisions to improve its condition.
Prospects of using photocatalysts for wastewater treatment at automotive repair plants
Authors: Zaitsev A V , Makarevich K S , Kaminsky O I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper shows the possibility of application of photocatalytic water treatment method as applied to model effluents of car repair plants containing ethylene glycol. The influence of functional components of automobile coolants on total efficiency of photooxidation was considered. It has been revealed that the presence of organic dyes in automobile coolants with absorption areas coinciding with the absorption areas of photocatalysts reduces the overall efficiency of photooxidation processes.
RETRACTED: Machining and corrosion studies on HfC reinforced ZE41 magnesium matrix composites
Authors: Sathish Kumar P , Gopal P , Senthilkumar T 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, Hafnium Carbide (HfC) reinforced ZE41 Magnesium Matrix Composites (MMCs) were prepared by using stir casting method. Using three different reinforcement percentages of HfC such as 5%, 10% and 15% by wt., ZE41-HfC MMCs were prepared. The mechanical characteristics of ZE41-HfC MMCs were evaluated by subjecting them to tensile and surface micro-hardness studies. Using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies, chemical compounds formed in the interfacial layer between HfC & ZE41 Mg was observed. Using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface modifications in the composites due to HfC addition was studied. Using electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), the changes in particle grain sizes and orientation of ZE41-HfC MMCs were studied. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was used to identify the variations in elemental composition of the prepared ZE41-HfC MMCs. ZE41-HfC MMCs were subjected to drilling studies for identifying the variations in cutting forces. Using electrochemical studies, the corrosion resistance of ZE41-HfC MMCs was observed. SEM images of corroded ZE41-HfC MMCs revealed micro cracks and dense pits near HfC agglomerated region.