bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Energy Justice in Malawi: From key Challenges to Policy Recommendations
Authors: McCauley Darren , Grant Rebecca , Mwathunga Evance 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Addressing energy provision and access in Sub-Saharan Africa is a key global challenge. This paper builds a deep understanding of how fair and just energy policies and realties are in this context. It qualitatively assesses the perceptions of stakeholders in Malawi, where electricity access remains amongst the lowest in the region. Insufficient and unreliable systems of grid energy generation and distribution limit access to electricity in both urban and rural settings. Using wood fuel remains high for meeting cooking, heating, and lighting needs. Responding to these dual challenges, of lacking electricity access and ongoing wood fuel use, must be rooted in notions of equity, fairness, and justice. This paper argues that energy justice provides key insights into how best to respond to complex and interconnected issues of energy generation and access in low-income settings. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders in policy and Malawi on addressing these challenges, this paper also outlines recommendations for policy. Overall, a just response to these energy challenges is possible, but only if it is built on local inclusive governance with fairer and effective systems of investment.
Plant Community Analysis Along Environmental Gradients In Moist Afromontane Forest of Gerba Dima, South-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Dibaba Abyot , Soromessa Teshome , Warkineh Bikila 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was carried out in Gerba Dima Forest, South-Western Ethiopia, to determine the floristic composition, species diversity and community types along environmental gradients. Ninety sample plots having a size of 25 X 25m (625m2) were laid by employing stratified random sampling. Nested plots were used to sample plants of different sizes and different environmental variables. All woody plant species with Diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm and height ≥ 1.5m were recorded in 25 m X 25 m plots. Hierarchical (agglomerative) cluster analysis was performed using the free statistical software R version 3.6.1 using package cluster to classify the vegetation into plant community types. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination was used in describing the pattern of plant communities along an environmental gradient. Result: One hundred and eighty plant species belonging to 145 genera, 69 families and comprising of 15 endemic species were recorded. Of these, 52 species (28.9%) were trees, 6 species (3.33%) were Trees/shrubs, 31 species (17.22%) were shrubs, 76 species (42.22%) were herbs, and 15 species (8.33%) were Lianas. Rubiaceae, Acanthaceae and Asteraceae were the richest family each represented by 11 genera and 11 species (6.11%), 9 genera and 11 species (6.11%), 6 genera and 11 species (6.11%), respectively of total floristic composition. Cluster analysis resulted in five different plant communities and this result was supported by the ordination result. RDA result showed altitude was the main environmental variable in determining the plant communities. The ANOVA test indicated that the five community types differ significantly from each other with regard to Electrical Conductivity and Potassium. Conclusions: Description of floristic diversity of species in Gerba Dima forest revealed the presence of high species diversity and richness. The presence of endemic plant species in the study forest shows the potential of the area for biodiversity conservation.
Clathrin regulates the β-arrestin pathway regardless of ligand bias
Authors: Shiraki Atsuko , Shimizu Satoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
μ-opioid receptors (MOP) are thought to activate the G protein-mediated analgesic pathway and β-arrestin 2-mediated side effect pathway; however, ligands that recruit β-arrestin 2 only minimally to MOP may also cause opioid side effects. Such side effects are also induced in mutant mice lacking β-arrestin 2 or expressing phosphorylation-deficient MOP that do not recruit β-arrestin 2. These findings critically questioned whether β-arrestin 2 recruitment to MOP triggers side effects. Here, we show that β-arrestin 1 partially compensates for the lack of β-arrestin 2 in a neuronal cell line and thus might be involved in triggering such side effects in β-arrestin 2-null mice. Moreover, the magnitude of β-arrestin-mediated signals is not correlated with β-arrestin recruitment to MOP via phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal of MOP, which has long been used to evaluate β-arrestin bias of a ligand. Instead, β-arrestin activates downstream signals by binding with the clathrin heavy chain in the process of clathrin-coated pit formation. Our findings provide not only a novel insight into G protein-coupled receptor-mediated signalling to overcome opioid side effects but also an unexpected concept that the accumulation of molecules required for endocytosis is a key for activating the intracellular signalling.
Structural basis of template strand deoxyuridine promoter recognition by a viral RNA polymerase
Authors: Leiman Petr , Fraser Alec , Sokolova Maria , Drobysheva Arina , Gordeeva Julia , Borukhov Sergei , Team AlphaFold , Severinov Konstantin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recognition of promoters in bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is controlled by their sigma subunits that first bind to a double-stranded DNA element ~35 to ~14 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) and then capture several bases of the non-template strand ~10 nucleotides upstream of the TSS. Here, we shift this paradigm and explain the mechanism by which the phage AR9 non-virion RNAP (nvRNAP), a bacterial RNAP homolog, recognizes a −10 promoter element in the template strand directly. Together, the AR9 nvRNAP sigma-like subunit, the enzyme core, and the template strand itself form two nucleotide base-accepting pockets whose shapes dictate the AR9 nvRNAP’s deoxyuridine promoter requirement. A single amino acid substitution in the promoter specificity subunit allows one of these pockets to accept a thymine base thus expanding the enzyme’s promoter consensus. Our work demonstrates the extent to which viruses can evolve host-derived multisubunit enzymes to control host takeover.
Nanometre-thick Si/Al Gradient Materials for Sustainable Spin Current Generation
Authors: Horaguchi Taisuke , He Cong , Wen Zhenchao , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro , Mitani Seiji , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Fujimoto Junji , Yamanoi Kazuto , Matsuo Mamoru , Nozaki Yukio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Green materials for electron spin manipulation are essential for common spintronic applications. Recent studies have documented the efficient generation of spin torque using spin-orbit interactions (SOIs); however, SOI use relies on the employment of rare metals such as platinum. Here, we demonstrate that a nanometre-thick gradient from silicon to aluminium, which consists of readily available elements from earth resources, can produce a spin torque over three times as large as that of platinum, despite the weak SOI of these compositions. The spin-torque efficiency can be improved by decreasing the thickness of the gradient, while a sharp interface was not found to increase the spin torque. Moreover, the electric conductivity of the gradient material can be up to twice as large as that of platinum, which provides a way to reduce Joule heating losses and signal delays in spintronic device circuits. Our findings represent a pathway for sustainable spin manipulation.
The pattern of alternative splicing in lung adenocarcinoma shows novel events correlated with tumorigenesis and immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Gongjun , Qiu Wensheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide due to the lack of early diagnostic markers and specific drugs. Previous studies have shown the association of LUAD growth with aberrant alternative splicing (AS). Herein, clinical data of 535 tumor tissues and 59 normal tissues were extracted from the TCGA database. Each sample was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm; a comparison between higher and lower score groups (stromal or immune) was made to determine the overall- and progression-free survival-related differentially expressed AS (DEAS) events. We then performed unsupervised clustering of these DEASs, followed by determining their relationship with survival rate, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Next, two prognostic signatures were developed using bioinformatics tools to explore the prognosis of cases with LUAD. Five OS- and six PFS-associated DEAS events were implemented to establish a prognostic risk score model. When compared to the high-risk group (HRG), the PFS and OS of the low-risk group (LRG) were found to be considerable. Additionally, a better prognosis was found considerably associated with the ESTIMATE score of the patients as well as immune cells infiltration. Our analysis of AS events in LUAD not only helps to clarify the tumorigenesis mechanism of AS, but also provides ideas for revealing potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Highly efficient biosorbent produced from Syagrus romanzoffiana to be applied in water treatment
Authors: Tochetto Gabriel André , Silva Tainá Cristini da , Bampi Josiane , Moreira Regina de Fátima Peralta Muniz , Luz Cleuzir da , Pasquali Gean Delise Leal , Dervanoski Adriana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new adsorbent from Jerivá coconut (a native fruit of the Atlantic Forest) was developed through thermal activation at high temperatures and chemical activation using H3PO4. The characterization of activated carbon revealed the functional groups O-H, NH2 and C=C. The morphology showed an irregular and heterogeneous surface, with a pore volume of 0.442 cm3 g−1 and a surface area of 750 m2 g−1. The main variables of the process were evaluated for statistical significance in the removal of the methylene blue dye showing that only the agitation of the system affected the process. Adsorption kinetics were performed at three different concentrations and fitted to nonlinear models where the Avrami-fractional-order model represented the experimental data. Equilibrium occurred within 80 min and was sufficient to remove more than 99% of the initial concentration. The sorption isotherms were performed at four different temperatures, fitted to four nonlinear models. The Sips model obtained the best adjustment, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 254.40 mg g−1, for the highest temperature investigated. The process occurred spontaneously, favorably and endothermically. The results were promising, pointing out that this adsorbent has the potential to remove methylene blue and the treated effluent can be reused for less noble purposes in the industry.
Celastrol Inhibits the Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells
via Downregulating NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhu Jiabin , Zhang Hua , Zhao Xiaojin , Shang Fajun , Sun Huan , Zheng Xu 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-ranked malignant tumor in the world that contributes to
the death of a major population of the world. Celastrol, a bioactive natural product isolated from the medicinal plant
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has been proved to be an effective anti-tumor inhibitor for multiple tumors.

Objective:
To reveal the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of celastrol on CRC cells.

Methods:
CCK-8 and clonogenic assay were used to analyze the cell proliferation in CRC cells. Flow cytometry analysis
was conducted to assess the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Wound-healing and cell invasion assay were used to
evaluate the migrating and invasion capability of CRC cells. The potential antitumor mechanism of celastrol was investigated
by qPCR, western blot, and confocal immunofluorescence analyses.

Results:
Celastrol effectively inhibited CRC cell proliferation by activating caspase-dependent cell apoptosis and facilitating
G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner, as well as cell migration and invasion by downregulating the
MMP2 and MMP9. Mechanistic protein expression revealed that celastrol suppressed the expression of COX-2 by
inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and subsequently leading to cytoplasmic retention of p65 protein, thereby
inhibiting its nuclear translocation and transcription activities.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that celastrol is an effective inhibitor for CRC, regulating the NF-κB/COX-2
pathway, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation characterized by cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis,
providing a potential alternative therapeutic agent for CRC patients.
Evaluación de la calidad de vida en el trabajo en productores de café en Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Rojas Yuber Liliana , Rodríguez Vásquez William Camilo , Peñarete Moreno Daniel Felipe 
Published: November 2021

En Colombia, más de la mitad de la población que pertenece al sector agrícola vive en condiciones de pobreza o pobreza extrema, no obstante, se requiere indagar otras dimensiones como la calidad de vida, que se relaciona con el bienestar, las condiciones de vida y la satisfacción de la población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad de vida en el trabajo de productores de café en el departamento de Cundinamarca, teniendo en cuenta que Colombia es el tercer productor de café en el mundo. Para evaluar la calidad de vida en el trabajo de los caficultores se realizó una adaptación del instrumento GOHISALO, redefinido en 7 dimensiones y 56 ítems de los 74 que originalmente estructuran el instrumento. El instrumento propuesto obtuvo una alta confiabilidad con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,96 y un KMO de 0,81. Se realizaron 109 encuestas en los municipios de Cáqueza, Guayabetal y Quetame en Cundinamarca en el 2019. En términos generales la percepción de calidad de vida de los caficultores de Cáqueza, Guayabetal y Quetame es buena en la mayoría de las dimensiones analizadas, excepto en la dimensión de seguridad para el trabajo. También se encontró una diferencia en la variable de género respecto a la percepción de calidad de vida en las mujeres, la cual se ubica en todas las dimensiones por debajo del resultado de los hombres.
Opportunities and Challenges for Professionals in Psychiatry and Mental Health Care Using Digital Technologies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review
Authors: Kane Hélène , Gourret Baumgart Jade , El-Hage Wissam , Deloyer Jocelyn , Maes Christine , Lebas Marie-Clotilde , Marazziti Donatella , Thome Johannes , Fond-Harmant Laurence , Denis Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has required psychiatric and mental health professionals to change their practices to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, in particular by favoring remote monitoring and assessment via digital technologies.

Objective
As part of a research project that was cofunded by the French National Research Agency (ARN) and the Centre-Val de Loire Region, the aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate how such uses of digital technologies have been developing.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE (ie, PubMed) and Cairn databases, as well as in a platform specializing in mental health, Ascodocpsy. The search yielded 558 results for the year 2020. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, first on titles and abstracts and then on full texts, 61 articles were included.

Results
The analysis of the literature revealed a heterogeneous integration of digital technologies, not only depending on countries, contexts, and local regulations, but also depending on the modalities of care. Notwithstanding these variations, the use of videoconferencing has developed significantly, affecting working conditions and therapeutic relationships. For many psychiatric and mental health professionals, the pandemic has been an opportunity to build up their experience of remote care and, thus, better identify the possibilities and limits of these digital technologies.

Conclusions
New uses of such technologies essentially consist of a transition from the classic consultation model toward teleconsultation and make less use of the specific potential of artificial intelligence. As professionals were not prepared for these uses, they were confronted with practical difficulties and ethical questions, such as the place of digital technology in care, confidentiality and protection of personal data, and equity in access to care. The COVID-19 health crisis questions how the organization of health care integrates the possibilities offered by digital technology, in particular to promote the autonomy and empowerment of mental health service users.
Anti-microbial Activities of <em>Pseudomonas</em> Metabolites Methanolic Extracts against Different MDR Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Rasheed Ubaid , Momin Faiza , Ullah Hikmat , Ali Imad , Nawaz Haq , Ahmad Latif , Khan Abid , Afridi Mahideen 
Published: November 2021

Background: A Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in pathogenic bacteria has become a significant public health issue for treatment. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas is another important genus except Streptomyces and Bacillus in production of antimicrobial compounds. The current study aim to to determine the antibacterial activity and preliminary characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by Pseudomonas species such as BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41.
Method: The antibacterial activity was checked by using bio autography method as well as agar well diffusion method, against four multiple drug resistant bacteria including three Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas) and one Gram positive bacterium (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Isolation test showed good activity against all the four MDR bacteria, by producing clear zone of diameter from 2mm up to 20mm. Optimum temperature for growth and antibiotic production of Pseudomonas BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41 was 37C0. It produces more metabolites when subjected to shaking incubation. In thin layer chromatography, the extracts were repeatedly inserted on a silica gel coated plate, which was run in mobile phase. Normal HPLC was perform to reveal the presence of antibacterial compounds.
Results: By well diffusion assay a zone of inhibition range from 2-18 mm of diameter against different test bacteria. The components were separated, resulting in the formation of bands with different colors, each showing a different compounds. Biological screening was performed by bio autography, metabolites showed a significant activity at retention factor of 0.89. While HPLC at retention time 2.50-2.90 showed presence of significant antibacterial compounds.
Conclusion: Pseudomonas BB1D11, BN2D41, TG1D11, TR1D41, LH1D11 and TN1D41 showed promising anti-microbial activity against different MDR bacteria. It is concluded that HPLC revealed the presence of DAPG at retention time 2.90 which inhibit the growth of MDR bacterial strains.
Suspected contrast-induced nephropathy in three sequential patients undergoing computed tomography angiography and transarterial embolization for nonresectable neoplasia
Authors: Griffin Maureen A. , Culp William T. N. , Palm Carrie A. , Poppenga Robert H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
During the same week, 3 sequential patients (a 10-year-old 8.7-kg spayed female poodle cross [dog 1], 13-year-old 2.6-kg spayed female domestic longhair cat, and 13-year-old 9.0-kg castrated male mixed-breed dog [dog 2]) underwent CT-angiography (day 0) and transarterial embolization (day 1) for nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2) or prostatic carcinoma (1).

CLINICAL FINDINGS
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was suspected in all animals on the basis of higher serum creatinine concentrations after contrast medium administration (exposure), compared with baseline concentrations before exposure, consistent with CIN definitions. The total dose of contrast medium was < 3 mL/kg for each exposure. For all 3 patients, creatinine concentration peaked at a median of 3 days (range, 2 to 3 days) after the first exposure (day 0), and the median absolute and relative increases in creatinine concentration after exposure (vs baseline concentrations before exposure) were 2.9 mg/dL (range, 2.2 to 3.7 mg/dL) and 410% (range, 260 to 720%), respectively.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
The patients received individually tailored supportive care for acute kidney injury. Serum creatinine concentrations began to improve at a median of 4 days (range, 3 to 4 days) and returned to within reference limits at a median of 7 days (range, 3 to 13 days) following initial exposure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
CIN should be considered as a potential complication following IV administration of contrast medium. Short-term outcome following CIN can be excellent with supportive care.
Procedural description and prospective evaluation of short-term outcome for the use of prostatic artery embolization in dogs with carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Culp William T. N. , Johnson Eric G. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Palm Carrie A. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Burton Jenna H. , Rebhun Robert B. , Willcox Jennifer L. , Kent Michael S. , Rodriguez Carlos O. , Glaiberman Craig B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe the procedure of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and to evaluate the short-term outcome for treated dogs.

ANIMALS
20 client-owned dogs with prostatic carcinomas between May 2014 and July 2017.

PROCEDURES
In this prospective cohort study, dogs with carcinoma of the prostate underwent PAE with fluoroscopic guidance. Before and after PAE, dogs underwent CT and ultrasonographic examinations of the prostate, and each owner completed a questionnaire about the dog's clinical signs. Results for before versus after PAE were compared.

RESULTS
Prostatic artery embolization was successfully performed in all 20 dogs. Tenesmus, stranguria, and lethargy were significantly less common 30 days after PAE (n = 2, 1, and 0 dogs, respectively), compared with before PAE (9, 10, and 6 dogs, respectively). Median prostatic volume was significantly less 30 days after PAE (14.8 cm3; range, 0.4 to 48.1 cm3; interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 6.7 to 19.5 cm3), compared with before PAE (21.7 cm3; range, 2.9 to 77.7 cm3; interquartile range, 11.0 to 35.1 cm3). All dogs had a reduction in prostatic volume after PAE, with a median prostatic volume loss of 39.4% (95% CI, 20.3% to 59.3%).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Prostatic artery embolization was associated with decreased prostate volume and improved clinical signs in this cohort. The short-term response to PAE appears promising, and evaluation of the long-term impact on survival time is needed.