bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased CD10-Positive Mature Granulocytes in Bone Marrow From Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Chang Chung-Che , Cleveland Ronald P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—We retrospectively examined the maturation of the granulocytic cell lineage in bone marrow specimens from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) by flow cytometry using both light scatter and surface marker characteristics, including CD10 and myeloid lineage–associated antigens.
Patients.—The 7 MDS cases we studied included 2 patients with refractory anemia (RA), 3 with RA with ringed sideroblasts, 1 with RA with excess of blasts, and 1 unclassified case. Another 7 patients matched for age and sex who received bone marrow aspirates for lymphoma staging (all negative for lymphoma involvement or any other hematologic abnormalities) were selected as the control group.
Results.—The percentage of CD10+ mature granulocytes was significantly lower in patients with MDS than in control patients. Additionally, all patients with MDS had less than 50% CD10+ cells in the granulocytic lineage. In contrast, only 1 of the 7 control patients had less than 50% CD10+ cells (P &lt; .01).
Conclusions.—These results suggest that flow cytometry might be a useful adjunct in the assessment of patients with suspected MDS. Further studies to correlate CD10+ mature granulocytes from MDS cases with other benign hematologic disorders are indicated to confirm our evaluation.
A Case Report of Ascariasis of the Common Bile Duct in a Patient Who Had Undergone Cholecystectomy
Authors: Amog Glenda , Lichtenstein Jeffrey , Sieber Steven , El-Fanek Hani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This is a case report of ascariasis of the common bile duct in a 65-year-old man from Colombia who had undergone prior cholecystectomy. The patient presented with postprandial epigastric pain and a 20-lb weight loss. The laboratory findings were remarkable for peripheral blood eosinophilia. The ultrasound finding was suggestive of periampullary or pancreatic neoplasm. He underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic extraction of a motile, live worm identified as Ascaris lumbricoides. Roundworm infestation should always be suspected in immigrants from endemic areas who present with hepatobiliary symptoms.
The Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology of US Persian Gulf War Military Veterans
Authors: Specht Charles S. , Lewin-Smith Michael R. , Kalasinsky Victor F. , Peterson Michael R. , Mullick Florabel G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background.—Tens of thousands of Persian Gulf War veterans (GWVs) have presented with medical symptoms since Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm. The Kuwait Registry at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology was established to act as a repository for surgical pathology, cytopathology, and autopsy material from GWVs.
Objective.—To identify conditions known to be endemic to the theater of operations in our cohort of GWVs.
Methods.—The Kuwait Registry database was searched by computer for listed conditions endemic to the Persian Gulf region included in the registry through December 31, 1997.
Results.—Of the 2582 patients in this cohort, 1 patient with hepatitis B and 15 patients with hepatitis C were identified. Other known endemic conditions of the Persian Gulf region were not found.
Conclusions—Viral hepatitis (B and C), which is prevalent in the US population, was the only listed endemic condition identified in surgical pathology or cytopathology specimens in our cohort of GWVs.
A Micropapillary Variant of Transitional Cell Carcinoma Arising in the Ureter
Authors: Vang Russell , Abrams Jacki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 79-year-old woman was evaluated for a ureteral stricture related to laser ablation of a tumor 6 months earlier at another institution. A ureteroscopic examination revealed an exophytic papillary tumor that was resected and examined histologically. The tumor was characterized by delicate papillae with thin stromal cores and numerous secondary micropapillae lined by small cuboidal to low columnar cells with uniform low-to-intermediate–grade nuclei, reminiscent of a serous borderline tumor of müllerian origin. The cell linings were 1 to 4 layers thick; mitotic figures were easily identified. The underlying stroma appeared edematous and contained scattered chronic inflammatory cells. No invasion was identified. After ascertaining that the patient had no known gynecologic neoplasm, the differential diagnoses considered included papillary nephrogenic adenoma, clear cell carcinoma, and the recently described entity of micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma. Because of the striking resemblance to serous carcinoma and the presence of significant mitotic activity, this case was felt to represent a case of micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma (World Health Organization grade 1 to 2) occurring in the ureter. To our knowledge, this tumor had some unique features (no areas of grade 3 nuclei or invasion) that have not been reported in tumors occurring in the urinary bladder. The transitional cell nature of the tumor cells was supported by the immunohistochemical staining pattern. The anatomic distribution of micropapillary transitional cell carcinoma is now expanded to include the ureter, and this tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis for papillary lesions occurring in the ureter.
CD8 Expression on B Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Islam Anwarul , Vladutiu Adrian O. , Donahue Theresa , Akhter Selina , Sands Amy M. , Ambrus Julian L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The expression of CD8, a restricted T-cell antigen, on B cells in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare, and its significance, if any, remains unknown. We report herein a patient with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia in whom CD8 was strongly expressed on all B cells, both in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The patient required no therapy for 6 years after being diagnosed as having B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Then, when the disease progressed, he was treated with conventional doses of fludarabine phosphate (25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days), but unlike other patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia he tolerated this therapy poorly. He received a total of only 4 series of fludarabine therapy, and following each course of treatment, he developed considerable myelosuppression. After the fourth course of therapy, his bone marrow failed to show any evidence of regeneration, and he died as a result of intercurrent respiratory tract infection 1 month after his last dose of fludarabine was given.
Primary Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma With Associated Fungal Ball in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Mhawech Paulette , Krishnan Bhuvenswari , Shahab Imran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lung in a 44-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus. Low-grade pulmonary lymphomas in human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients are rare and are described most commonly in pediatric patients. The gross, histologic, and molecular features of this unusual case are described.
Natural Killer–Cell Lymphoma Involving the Gynecologic Tract
Authors: Mhawech Paulette , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Coffey Donna M. , Gei Alfredo F. , Shahab Imran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) can involve the gynecologic tract, most often as a manifestation of systemic involvement, and most cases reported have been of B-cell lineage. We describe 2 women with natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma involving the gynecologic tract that initially presented with vaginal bleeding. In case 1, the patient had a stage IE nasal-type NK-cell lymphoma involving the cervix. The tumor was composed of medium-sized, irregular lymphoid cells with angioinvasion and necrosis. In case 2, the patient had a stage IV blastoid NK-cell lymphoma/leukemia infiltrating all organs in a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy specimen. Subsequent biopsy specimens revealed that the bone marrow and lymph nodes were also involved. The neoplasm was composed of small to medium lymphoid cells with fine nuclear chromatin. Case 1 was assessed immunohistochemically and the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3, CD56, and TIA-1. Case 2 was analyzed using both immunohistochemical and flow cytometry methods. The neoplastic cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3, CD4, CD7, CD43, CD45, and CD56 and were negative for surface CD3. Both cases were negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) and molecular studies showed no evidence of T-cell receptor γ chain gene rearrangements. The immunophenotype and absence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements support NK-cell origin. We report these cases to illustrate that NK-cell lymphomas can involve, and rarely arise in, the gynecologic tract.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma of Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in a 9-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Tao Jianguo , Kahn Leonard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report an unusual case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma involving the lungs, kidneys, and axillary lymph nodes in a child with congenital hypoadrenalism and panhypopituitarism. The patient presented with an aggressive clinical course and histologic evolution. Initial biopsies (1994) of the lung and kidney revealed histologic features of low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma with lymphoepithelial lesions within the renal tubules and bronchial epithelium. Subsequent biopsies (1996, 1997, and 1999) revealed progressively greater cytologic atypia, polymorphism, and necrosis; an increased mitotic rate; and a preponderance of large cells, indicative of progression from a low-grade to a high-grade MALT lymphoma. Immunophenotyping of the lung and lymph node lesions revealed identical surface marker profiles: cells were CD19+, CD20+, immunoglobulin (Ig) G+, κ+, λ−, CD5−, CD10−, CD23−, and IgM−, and also negative for T-cell markers. Genotypic analysis demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement and monoclonality of EBV in the lung lesion by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The clinicopathologic features suggest that these lesions might represent an immunosupression-related continuum of low-grade to high-grade MALT lymphomas. Infection with EBV may have contributed to this tumor's aggressive clinical and histologic evolution.
Angiomyofibroblastoma of the Male Inguinal Region
Authors: Ito Makoto , Yamaoka Hideyuki , Sano Kenji , Hotchi Masao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a case of benign angiomyxoid tumor arising in the inguinal region of a 27-year-old man. The tumor was a gelatinous mass completely encapsulated by a thin fibrous capsule with no hemorrhage or necrosis. Histologically, a proliferation of spindle cells as well as occasional pleomorphic cells was observed within the myxofibrous stroma, intermingled with abundant capillary-sized blood vessels. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor demonstrated spindle, oval, and pleomorphic cells equally positive for vimentin, desmin, and CD34, but not for α-smooth muscle actin. Based on these histologic and immunophenotypic features, we conclude that this angiomyxoid tumor of the male inguinal region is indistinguishable from the female angiomyofibroblastoma of the pelvic and perineal regions.
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Presenting as a Submucosal Tumor of the Stomach
Authors: Han Jae-Ho , Kim Se-Hoon , Noh Sung-Hun , Lee Yong-Chan , Kim Ho-Guen , Yang Woo-Ick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcomas, especially those of extranodal origin, are extremely rare, and this entity could easily be missed without a high index of suspicion. We report a case of FDC sarcoma presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach in a 45-year-old man. The mass was a spindle and epithelioid mesenchymal tumor with many individually scattered and perivascular aggregates of lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies confirmed the diagnosis. Although more than 50 cases of this tumor have been documented in the English literature, to our knowledge the presentation of FDC sarcoma as a submucosal tumor of the stomach has never been recorded. This case highlights the occurrence of FDC sarcoma as a submucosal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We believe that FDC sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle or epithelioid cell tumors of the gastrointestinal hollow viscus to prevent this still underrecognized tumor from being overlooked.
Cytogenetic Profile of a Thymoma
Authors: Mirza Imran , Kazimi Syed Nadeem , Ligi Richard , Burns Jacqueline , Braza Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of mixed lymphocyte and epithelial thymoma in a nonmyasthenic female patient revealed deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 6. To our knowledge, this cytogenetic abnormality in a benign thymoma has not been previously described in the literature, which is reviewed.
Parotid Gland Malignant Melanomas
Authors: Prayson Richard A. , Sebek Bruce A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background.—Malignant melanomas are relatively unusual tumors in the parotid gland. The majority of previously reported cases appear to represent metastatic lesions, often from cutaneous head and neck primaries.
Methods.—Retrospective clinicopathologic review of 12 cases of malignant melanoma involving the parotid gland encountered between 1980 and October 1999 at a tertiary referral center.
Results.—Patients consisted of 9 men and 3 women ranging in age from 30 to 84 years (median, 66 years). Eleven of 12 patients presented with a neck mass or nodule. In 9 of 12 patients, a cutaneous or conjunctival primary was noted in the head region. In 2 patients, a cutaneous melanoma and the parotid gland melanoma were diagnosed at the same time. In 1 patient, melanoma was initially diagnosed in the parotid gland, and a definite primary was not uncovered. All patients underwent excision of the parotid melanoma, which was accompanied by a lymph node biopsy or dissection in 10 out of 11 patients. Four patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 3 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Four of 11 patients had ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis at the time of parotid tumor resection, and 5 patients had involvement of intraparotid lymph nodes by metastatic melanoma. Tumors ranged in size from 0.3 to 2.5 cm in greatest dimension. Multiple parotid nodules were noted in 4 patients. All tumors were characterized by a diffuse proliferation of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Four tumors demonstrated focal spindle cell regions. Intravascular and/or lymphatic involvement by tumor within the parotid gland was noted in 3 lesions. At last known follow-up, 6 patients had died with tumor at a median follow-up period of 11 months after parotid gland surgery. Four patients were alive with evidence of tumor at follow-up intervals of 4, 17, 21, and 113 months after parotid gland surgery. Two patients were alive with no evidence of residual tumor at 20 and 148 months of follow-up.
Conclusions.—The majority of melanomas involving the parotid gland appeared to be associated with lymph node metastasis in and around the gland from a cutaneous primary in the head region. Prognosis is generally poor, although rare patients may survive a long period of time following surgery.
Primary Localized Extranodal Hodgkin Disease of the Transverse Colon
Authors: Vadmal Manjunath S. , LaValle Gregory P. , DeYoung Barry R. , Frankel Wendy L. , Marsh William L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Extranodal Hodgkin disease presenting as a primary localized neoplasm is uncommon, with rare case reports describing primary sites other than lymph nodes. The gastrointestinal tract is the most frequent site of involvement by extranodal Hodgkin disease, typically involving the stomach or small bowel. To date, we have been able to find only one fully documented case of Hodgkin disease of the sigmoid colon confirmed by immunohistochemical studies. We report a case of extranodal Hodgkin disease involving the transverse colon, presenting as inflammatory bowel disease and documented by light microscopic, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular studies.
Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma of Papillary Origin
Authors: Cohen Ronald J. , McNeal John E. , Susman Marleen , Sellner Loryn N. , Iacopetta Barry J. , Weinstein Sydney L. , Dawkins Hugh J. S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is an aggressive tumor variant thought to arise predominantly from dedifferentiation of clear cell carcinoma. A few reports of SRCC associated with non–clear cell tumors led to the presumption that SRCC may arise from any renal cell carcinoma, although direct evidence of this is lacking. Cytogenetic studies on 3 previously documented SRCCs associated with papillary renal cancers showed either 3p deletions or absence of trisomy 7, 17 in the sarcomatoid tumors, suggesting origin from a coexistent clear cell tumor. The present case represents the first conclusive evidence of direct progression of non–clear cell carcinoma to SRCC with both tumor components containing multiple copies of chromosomes 7 and 17. Many genetic anomalies, including p53 mutations, frequently recognized in SRCC were not recognized in this case, highlighting the importance of cytogenetic evaluation of all SRCC. The patient is well and without evidence of tumor progression 1 year after surgery, and the sinister outlook of SRCC in association with clear cell carcinoma may not apply in SRCC of non–clear cell origin.
Perspectives in Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Kalow Werner 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The historical perspective of pharmacogenetics is presented to a large extent from a personal view, since I happened to get into this field of science at the time of its beginning, and since pharmacogenetics has remained the backbone of my scientific career. Pharmacogenetics initially emphasized observations of interpersonal variability, but the attention on interethnic differences soon followed. Technical advances led to the identification of many responsible gene alterations in both individuals and in populations. Included is a relatively extensive discussion in which the effects and the different consequences of monogenic (mendelian) and multigenic (multifactorial) variation are compared.
Cyclin D1 Expression in Dysplastic Nevi
Authors: Ewanowich Carol , Brynes Russell K. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , McCourty Althea , Lai Raymond 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—We previously surveyed cyclin D1 expression in common acquired nevi, Spitz nevi, and malignant melanomas and reported that benign nevi maintain a zonal pattern of cyclin D1 expression, in contrast with malignant melanomas. Our aim was to extend those observations by examining cyclin D1 expression in dysplastic nevi.
Methods.—Cyclin D1 overexpression in 23 dysplastic nevi was detected by an immunohistochemical technique. The extent of atypia of the nevi was graded as mild, moderate, or severe, using previously established criteria.
Results.—Cyclin D1 overexpression in dysplastic nevi maintained a zonal pattern, similar to Spitz nevi. Cyclin D1 overexpression was greatest in the region of the epidermal-dermal junction and was significantly less prominent in the papillary and reticular dermis, suggesting that cyclin D1 expression is under cell control and correlates with maturation of nevus cells. Cyclin D1 overexpression also correlated with cytologic atypia, as dysplastic nevi with moderate or severe cytologic atypia contained a greater percentage of cyclin D1–positive cells than did nevi with mild atypia. Six dysplastic nevi with many cyclin D1–positive cells were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies using cyclin D1–specific and chromosome 11 centromeric probes. In all cases, there was no evidence of 11q13 translocation, amplification, or trisomy of chromosome 11.
Conclusions.—Cyclin D1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of dysplastic nevi. Cyclin D1 overexpression does not appear to be explained by cyclin D1 locus amplification or translocation in most cases, and it may be a result of other cell abnormalities that up-regulate the protein level of cyclin D1.
The Relation Between Newborn Hemoglobin F Fractions and Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Cochran-Black Diana L. , Cowan Linda D. , Neas Barbara R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectives.—The aims of this study were to determine and compare fetal hemoglobin (HbF) fractions at birth in newborns exposed and not exposed to selected factors that have been reported to increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Previous studies have implicated HbF in the etiology of SIDS by finding higher fractions in infants dying from SIDS compared to age-matched control infants.Design.—We performed a cross-sectional study using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure HbF fractions in newborn cord blood samples. Exposure to selected risk factors for SIDS was assessed through review of medical records.Participants.—Six hundred thirty-three infants born at Via Christi Regional Medical Center–St Francis Campus, Wichita, Kan, from February 28 through August 5, 1997.Main Outcome Measure.—Hemoglobin F fractions at birth were compared in newborns exposed and not exposed to selected risk factors associated with increased incidence of SIDS.Results.—Mean HbF fractions were significantly higher in preterm newborns of mothers who smoked and in term newborns with intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy weight gain less than or equal to 9 kg, and pregnancy complications associated with reduced placental blood flow. An elevated newborn HbF fraction, defined as 77% or greater, was significantly associated with maternal smoking, maternal anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, and pregnancy complications associated with reduced placental blood flow.Conclusion.—This study suggests a possible mechanism (HbF) by which previously identified factors may increase the risk of SIDS.
Analysis of 2 Antiapoptotic Factors in Gliomas
Authors: Rodriguez-Pereira C. , Suarez-Peñaranda J. M. , Barros F. , Sobrido M. J. , Vazquez-Salvado M. , Forteza J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background.—p53 mutations and immunoreactivity have been described in human gliomas. During the past few years, some authors have found bcl-2 overexpression in astrocytomas, although their correlation with histological grade is a matter of disagreement. A relation between bcl-2 overexpression and p53 immunoreactivity has also been suggested.
Objectives.—To analyze the frequency of presentation of bcl-2 and p53, their clinicopathologic implications, and their possible coexpression.
Methods.—We studied p53 and bcl-2 with immunohistochemical and molecular methods in 61 gliomas (including 21 astrocytomas, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas, 29 glioblastomas, 1 oligodendroglioma, and 1 mixed glioma).
Results.—We discovered a high level of bcl-2 overexpression (57%). Overexpression of bcl-2 can be an early event in gliomas tumorigenesis, although no correlation was found with any of the clinicopathologic parameters studied. p53 mutations were present in a small proportion of gliomas (17%). p53 immunoreactivity was present in 34 cases (57%), and it was related to histological grade and a supratentorial location. A high percentage of tumors (26 cases, 42%) presented p53 immunoreactivity without p53 mutations.
Conclusions.—Since there was no relation between bcl-2 overexpression and p53 mutations or p53 immunoreactivity, both factors may not act together in the genesis and evolution of gliomas.