bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation status of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the mousebird Colius striatus undergoing torpor
Authors: Green Stuart R. , Al‐Attar Rasha , McKechnie Andrew E. , Naidoo Samantha , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTorpor is a heterothermic response that occurs in some animals to reduce metabolic expenditure. The speckled mousebird (Colius striatus) belongs to one of the few avian taxa possessing the capacity for pronounced torpor, entering a hypometabolic state with concomitant decreases in body temperature in response to reduced food access or elevated thermoregulatory energy requirements. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a crucial site regulating metabolism by bridging glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Three highly conserved phosphorylation sites are found within the E1 enzyme of the complex that inhibit PDC activity and reduce the flow of carbohydrate substrates into the mitochondria. The current study demonstrates a marked increase in S232 phosphorylation during torpor in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of C. striatus. The increase in S232 phosphorylation during torpor was particularly notable in skeletal muscle where levels were ~49‐fold higher in torpid birds compared to controls. This was in contrast to the other two phosphorylation sites (S293 and S300) which remained consistently phosphorylated regardless of tissue. The relevant PDH kinase (PDHK1) known to phosphorylate S232 was found to be substantially upregulated (~5‐fold change) in the muscle during torpor as well as increasing moderately in the liver (~2.2‐fold increase). Additionally, in the heart, a slight (~23%) decrease in total PDH levels was noted. Taken together the phosphorylation changes in PDH suggest that inhibition of the complex is a common feature across several tissues in the mousebird during torpor and that this regulation is mediated at a specific residue.
Survey-Derived Angler Characteristics and Perspectives in the Shore-Based Shark Fishery in Florida
Authors: Guay J. D. , Brooks J. L. , Chapman J. M. , Medd H. , Cooke S. J. , Nguyen V. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shore-based shark fishing in Florida is rarely monitored as it largely occurs at night on remote beaches and has received a questionable reputation after recent exposure of illegal activity. While these events have led to calls for better management and enforcement, the characteristics of the fishery itself remain largely unknown. Our study, therefore, provides the first comprehensive profile of the Florida shore-based shark fishery to inform fisheries management and conservation. We distributed an online survey to all Florida Fish and Wildlife shore-based shark fishing permit holders to gather data on angler sociodemographics, fishing preferences, habits, motivations, and perceptions of shark conservation. We identified three angler typologies that differed primarily by shark fishing experience and frequency: (1) experienced infrequent anglers, (2) skilled frequent anglers, and (3) novice infrequent anglers. Our results revealed that the Florida recreational shore-based shark fishery itself has increased in participation fivefold since 2010 and generates approximately US$7.8 million (95% CI = $7.2– 8.5 million) annually in equipment expenditures and $34.3 million ($30.4–38.1 million) annually in fishing trips. Surveyed anglers caught a total of 9,617 sharks within a 12-month period, averaging 11 sharks/angler, and the most preferred target species was the Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus. Angler motivations for participating in this fishery were grouped into the following categories: leisure and well-being, experience of the catch, and consumption. Perceptions of shark conservation and management were generally positive; however, many anglers did not believe that recreational fishing negatively impacts shark populations. Most anglers expressed a desire to learn more about handling practices that benefited sharks, which may help managers implement more educational opportunities and communication efforts. Understanding the characteristics and perspectives of anglers from the shore-based shark fishery in Florida is crucial for highlighting potential management pathways and estimating angler acceptance of management.
Relationship of Trout Growth to Frequent Electrofishing and Diet Collection in a Headwater Stream
Authors: Clancy Niall G. , Dunnigan James L. , Budy Phaedra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research on fishes sometimes requires that individual fish be captured and subjected to invasive procedures multiple times over a relatively short time span. Electrofishing is one of the most common techniques used to capture fish, and it is known to cause injury to fish under certain circumstances. We evaluated the relationship of growth rates in Columbia River Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri to the number of times that they were captured via electrofishing and gastrically lavaged during the summer of 2018 in a mountainous, headwater stream. We captured fish between two and seven times over the course of 86 d using continuous (smooth) DC backpack electrofishing. We observed no relationship between the growth rate of Columbia River Redband Trout and the number of times that they were captured or gastrically lavaged. Although these findings contrast with hatchery electrofishing experiments, they may represent the greater resiliency of wild fish. It appears that researchers can use electrofishing and gastric lavage in cold waters at least once per month, and potentially up to twice per month, without greatly affecting the growth of wild Columbia River Redband Trout.
A randomized controlled trial comparing prevention and promotion cognitive strategies in a behavioral weight‐loss intervention
Authors: Demos McDermott Kathryn E. , Leblond Tiffany L. , Dunsiger Shira I. , Rothman Alexander J. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTwo approaches may shift attention from short‐term rewards to longer‐term weight‐loss goals: focusing on long‐term consequences of unhealthy choices (prevention) or benefits of healthy choices (promotion). This randomized controlled trial tested the impact of prevention‐ versus promotion‐focused strategies in an internet‐delivered behavioral weight‐loss intervention (iBWL).MethodsA total of 95 participants with overweight/obesity were randomized to one of three 12‐week iBWLs: (1) STANDARD (n = 31), (2) PREVENT (standard iBWL+prevention‐focused training; n = 32), or (3) PROMOTE (standard iBWL+promotion‐focused training; n = 32). Participants in the two enhanced arms were trained in their assigned strategy, and lessons and weekly feedback featured arm‐specific content and reminders.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat analysis revealed significant differences in weight loss and self‐control use at 12 weeks (weight loss p = 0.002, self‐control p = 0.0006). PREVENT was associated with 6.6% (±4.5%) weight loss and a 20.3% (±26.5%) increase in self‐control, STANDARD and PROMOTE were associated with 4.4% (±4.2%) and 3.1% (±3.1%) weight losses, respectively, and neither STANDARD nor PROMOTE participants exhibited significant changes in self‐control. Across arms, increased self‐control was associated with greater weight loss (p = 0.0005).ConclusionsCognitive strategies to focus on preventing negative consequences of unhealthy choices led to greater weight loss and self‐control compared with both standard iBWL and promotion‐focused iBWL. Prevention strategies should be given further attention for overweight/obesity treatment.
Identifying relationships between multi‐scale social–ecological factors to explore ungulate health in a Western Kazakhstan rangeland
Authors: Khanyari Munib , Robinson Sarah , Morgan Eric R. , Salemgareyev Albert , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rangelands are multi‐use landscapes which are socially and ecologically important in different ways. Among other interactions, shared use of rangelands by wildlife and livestock can lead to disease transmission. Understanding wildlife and livestock health and managing disease transmission in rangelands requires an integration of social and ecological knowledge.

Using the example of Western Kazakhstan, home to two types of ungulate hosts, the critically endangered saiga antelopes, Saiga tatarica, and livestock, we conducted a cross‐scale analysis of social‐economic, ecological and climatic factors that contribute to transmission of diseases We focused on gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) because they are transmitted between hosts that share pasture and they affect ungulate fitness. We used an interdisciplinary social–ecological methods approach which included conducting faecal egg counts of GINs in saigas and livestock, semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions with livestock owners and herders in the region, and triangulation of information through secondary sources.

Livestock rearing was done in two ways: (a) village‐based livestock and (b) outlying farms. The latter overlapped more with saigas. Village‐based livestock had significantly higher worm burdens than those on outlying farms, which had comparable burdens to saigas. Various factors exacerbate GIN prevalence and transmission: Veterinary services are minimal; both saiga and livestock numbers are increasing; and changing climate is increasing farmers' dependence on shared pastures for hay production. It will be crucial for saiga conservationists to engage in multi‐pronged conservation interventions, which are evaluated and adapted through the lens of rural livelihoods and the livestock health on which they depend.

Our work provides researchers and practitioners with an avenue to better understand complex inter‐relationships and plan interventions within rangelands, while viewing host health from an interdisciplinary perspective—ultimately working towards wildlife conservation while safeguarding livelihoods across the world's rangelands.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica‐based nanocomposites of chemically recyclable thermoset
Authors: de Souza Eduarda C , Bello Roger H , Coelho Luiz AF 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study we evaluated the effect of the addition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles on the electrical properties of polyhexahydro‐s‐triazine (PHT), a new chemically recyclable thermoset produced from 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane and paraformaldehyde. Chemical recycling as well as thermal and mechanical properties were also investigated. Regarding the electrical properties, electrical conductivity near 10−8 S m−1 at 100 Hz and dielectric constant close to 4.00 at 1 kHz were observed for neat PHT polymer. Better results for electrical properties were observed with the addition of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. After the addition of the highest concentration (4.5 wt%) the dielectric constant increased about 8% at 1 kHz. Concerning the thermal properties, PHT polymer exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 185 °C. The addition of hydrophilic or hydrophobic nanoparticles into the neat matrix did not lead to significant variations of thermal properties, but Tg values were decreased compared to the neat resin. Additionally, for mechanical properties, values of reduced modulus (4.58 GPa) and nanohardness (0.38 GPa) were observed. Besides, for all nanocomposites, there was an increase in the reduced modulus for all samples studied. Finally, the chemical recycling of both neat polymer and all nanocomposites after acid treatment was successfully characterized via NMR analysis. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Nucleation and crystallization kinetics of polyamide 12 investigated by fast scanning calorimetry
Authors: Zhang Rui , Jariyavidyanont Katalee , Du Mengxue , Zhuravlev Evgeny , Schick Christoph , Androsch René 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNucleation and crystallization of polyamide 12 (PA 12) have been systematically investigated by fast scanning calorimetry at non‐isothermal and isothermal conditions. The critical cooling rates of crystallization and crystal nucleation were determined as 300 and 10,000 K/s, respectively. Moreover, the half‐times of nucleation (t1/2,nucl) and overall crystallization (t1/2,cry) show monomodal and bimodal dependencies on the crystallization temperature. t1/2,nucl has an approximate minimum value of about 0.0005 s at 333 K, which is about 10–20 K above the glass transition temperature, and t1/2,cry has two minima of about 0.05 and 0.8 s at about 333 and 383 K, respectively. Comparing the crystallization behavior of PA 12 with other polyamides, the activation energy for crystallization increases and the energy barrier of short‐range diffusion decreases with the increase of the amide‐group density in the chains.
Tribenuron‐methyl‐resistant Descurainia sophia L. exhibits negative cross‐resistance to imazethapyr conferred by a Pro197Ser mutation in acetolactate synthase and reduced metabolism
Authors: Xu Yufang , Li Shuang , Hao Lubo , Li Xuefeng , Zheng Mingqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDescurainia sophia L. is one of the most notorious weeds infesting winter wheat in China. Mutations at Pro197 in acetolactate synthase (ALS) results in resistance of D. sophia to tribenuron‐methyl and cross‐resistance to many ALS inhibitors. Negative cross‐resistance to imazethapyr was observed in tribenuron‐methyl‐resistant (TR) D. sophia with the Pro197Ser mutation in a previous study. In the present research, another TR D. sophia with the Pro197Ser mutation was obtained. To explore the mechanisms of negative cross‐resistance, the ALS sensitivity, the absorption and metabolism of imazethapyr in tribenuron‐methyl‐susceptible (TS) and TR D. sophia were studied.RESULTSThe TR D. sophia population with the Pro197Ser mutation (pHB23) displayed negative cross‐resistance to imazethapyr and no cross‐resistance to imazamox and imazapic. In contrast, TR D. sophia populations with other Pro197 mutations had no or low resistance to imazethapyr. The ALS in the pHB23 population was more susceptible to imazethapyr than that in the TS population. There was no difference in the absorption of imazethapyr, imazamox, and imazapic between TS and pHB23 plants. However, the metabolism of imazethapyr in TS D. sophia was faster than that in pHB23 plants up to 1 week after treatment. There was no significant difference in the metabolism of imazamox and imazapic between TS and pHB23 plants.CONCLUSIONThe TR D. sophia population with the Pro197Ser mutation exhibited negative cross‐resistance to imazethapyr, which was likely due to reduced metabolism and increased sensitivity of ALS to imazethapyr. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Housing and identity expression among in‐situ urbanised rural residents in China
Authors: Xie Shenghua , Chen Juan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHousing is an important source of identity expression, but the influence of different housing attributes remains underexplored. Drawing on the ‘4Cs theory of housing’ (housing cost, housing conditions, housing consistency and housing context), this study established an analytical framework linking housing to in‐situ urbanised rural residents′ identity expression in China. Using data from the 2018 Urbanization and Quality of Life Survey, the results show that different housing dimensions are significantly related to identity expression but in different ways. Specifically, housing conditions are primarily associated with urban identity, whereas housing consistency and housing context are significantly related to local identity. Moreover, the relationship between housing and identity expression varies between newly urbanised areas and potential sites for urbanization. The research contributes to understanding the relationship between housing and identity by further clarifying how various housing attributes affect identity expression in the context of urbanising China.
A longitudinal investigation of changing conceptions about teaching science and pedagogical implications of student diversity
Authors: Larkin Douglas B. , Carletta Liz , Evans Sam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis longitudinal case study investigates how one science teachers' conceptions change in one domain (assessment of science learning) but not in another (understanding the pedagogical implications of student diversity) over a period of 10 years that includes a university teacher education program and nine subsequent years of experience of classroom teaching. This article describes the case of Victor, a White and male high school physics teacher, and documents changes in his conceptions of teaching science over 10 years. This study suggests that teachers who undertake the effort to change an aspect of their practice, knowing that they will need to rethink some of their existing ideas, can be successful. Conversely, if an area of teacher knowledge is underdeveloped at the conclusion of a teacher preparation program, there is no guarantee that the situation will be ameliorated simply through years of classroom experience, even if teachers grow to feel a level of increased confidence and comfort in that domain. It also demonstrates that the opportunity to undergo conceptual change with regard to issues of student diversity is highly dependent on a science teacher's identity, personal history, and teaching contexts and experiences.
Prevalence of coagulase‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Bangladesh
Authors: Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed , Islam Md Zohorul , Das Tridip , Dutta Avijit , Ahad Abdul , Biswas Paritosh Kumar , Barua Himel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have a significant health impact on people with direct or supportive occupations in veterinary medicine including veterinarians, animal handlers, laboratory personnel and pet owners.ObjectivesThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, MRSA and MRSP in dogs in Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 358 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 150 dogs attending a university teaching veterinary hospital between January and June 2018. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed to isolate Staphylococcus, and identification was confirmed to the species level by PCR to detect the nuc gene. MRSA and MRSP were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene.ResultsThe prevalence of coagulase‐positive S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in dogs were 16% and 45.3%, respectively. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates displayed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (95.2% and 91%, respectively) and erythromycin (89.3% and 84.7%, respectively). Notably, all the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSP in dogs was 8.7% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for MRSA colonisation in dogs: dogs with dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 12.24, 95% CI: 3.12–57.33; p < 0.001) and history of antibiotic use (OR 8.73, 95% CI: 2.23–43.10; p < 0.001). Presence of otitis (OR 14.22; 95% CI: 1.64–103.58; p = 0.008) and oral lesions (OR 9.48, 95% CI: 1.14–64.82; p = 0.002) were identified as the significant risk factors for the carriage of MRSP.ConclusionsThe circulation of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is a serious concern to dogs and humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP affecting dogs in Bangladesh.
Significance of nanoparticle radius, inter‐particle spacing, inclined magnetic field, and space‐dependent internal heating: The case of chemically reactive water conveying copper nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiang , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Swain Kharabela , Shah Nehad Ali , Wakif Abderrahim , Olanrewaju Philip Oladapo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSequel to the biocompatibility, physicochemical properties, high electrical conduction of copper nanoparticles over an inclined surface, little is known on the significance of nanoparticle radius, and inclined magnetic field on the dynamics of chemical reactive water conveying copper nanoparticles through a porous medium in the presence of Joule heating and spacing heating. In this case, there exists convective heating of the inclined surface due to thermal and significant concentration at the wall. The similarity solution of the problem was obtained using a suitable similarity solution and a numerical solution of the corresponding boundary value problem of the ordinary differential equation was sought for using MATLAB‐based bvp4c package. Based on the analysis, it is worth concluding that inter‐particle spacing not only exists but is also capable to increase the viscosity thus causing a decline in the velocity. The temperature distribution is an increasing function of the inclined magnetic field parameter. The rate of decrease in the local skin friction coefficients due to enhancement in the angle of inclination of the magnetic field is optimal when the radius of nanoparticles is large.
Zoos and amphibian conservation: Evaluating the impact of “The Year of The Frog” Campaign
Authors: Dos Santos Marcileida M. , Griffiths Richard A. , Jowett Tim , Bishop Phillip J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe global reach of zoos has enormous potential to raise awareness of conservation issues such as the amphibian extinction crisis. One mechanism of achieving this is through targeted, time‐limited campaigns. However, the longer‐term impact of such campaigns on conservation outcomes is rarely evaluated. The goal of this study is to evaluate how zoos view “The Year of The Frog,” a campaign launched by zoos in 2008, with the aim of raising awareness of the global amphibian crisis and generating funds to support amphibian conservation initiatives. A questionnaire‐based survey of 43 zoos from fourteen countries was used to evaluate how zoo practitioners believed the campaign influenced amphibian conservation some 10 years after its launch. Survey results showed that the campaign not only contributed to the improvement of research into amphibian husbandry in zoos but also increased support of in situ conservation of amphibians. Zoos focused on exotic species, but developed countries led most of the actions of the campaign. The campaign has inspired and encouraged some zoos and other ex situ conservation organizations to embrace amphibian conservation. The next step is to increase collaboration with more organizations through, for example, AArk and IUCN SSC/ASG, particularly in countries that have high amphibian biodiversity.
Dark QCD matters
Authors: Garani Raghuveer , Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate the nightmare scenario of dark sectors that are made of non-abelian gauge theories with fermions, gravitationally coupled to the Standard Model (SM). While testing these scenarios is experimentally challenging, they are strongly motivated by the accidental stability of dark baryons and pions, that explain the cosmological stability of dark matter (DM). We study the production of these sectors which are minimally populated through gravitational freeze-in, leading to a dark sector temperature much lower than the SM, or through inflaton decay, or renormalizable interactions producing warmer DM. Despite having only gravitational couplings with the SM these scenarios turn out to be rather predictive depending roughly on three parameters: the dark sector temperature, the confinement scale and the dark pion mass. In particular, when the initial temperature is comparable to the SM one these scenarios are very constrained by structure formation, ∆Neff and limits on DM self-interactions. Dark sectors with same temperature or warmer than SM are typically excluded.