bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outlining the causes and effects of Algae bloom at Ghana’s West Coast
Authors: Lamptey Benjamin Lantei , Sackey Anthony Djaba , Kpabitey Kenneth Matey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The first incidence of algal bloom within Ghana’s west coast was recorded in 1993, however many years down the line, the growth is still persistent in her territorial waters. A lasting solution is yet to be found. This has therefore led to several social, economic and environmental problems in the affected regions. The study outlined the possible causes and effects of algal bloom within Ghana’s West Coast. The perception of the local people with regards to the causes was also investigated. The method used was by direct observation and use of questionnaires following a case study approach in the Half Asini District. This was to address the pertinent question of what the people think is the cause of the bloom. The study found that the growth of Algae was alarming, with a newer breed having a much negative consequence on the economic livelihood of the people and environment. It was also found that current studies on the issue were minimal— with less than necessary attention being given by stakeholder. However, scientific investigations were underway, though a preliminary report suggested it is a migration of Sargasso Sea species. Recommendations included the need for consented government efforts to investigate, device a control measure to curtail its spread, and continuous public education as a control measure was recommended as well.
Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Chinese Coal-Based Clean Energy Industry: LCA-Based and WTP-Oriented Modeling
Authors: Zhang Boling , Yang Xiaoyi , Tong Ruipeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The evolution of energy system occupies an important position in economic development and quality of life. Influenced by the energy endowment in China, developing the coal-based clean energy industry has been regarded as a guaranteed path to realizing the clean and efficient use of coal resources. However, an evaluation paradigm could systematically assess the health impacts of airborne pollution in this industry is still lack, which is our concern. Combining with life cycle analysis, probabilistic risk models, and health impacts models, this study proposes a series of models which are consistent enough to unite pollutant concentration, health risk, and health impact, and equip assessment results with more intuitive significance using life and economic loss. Further, case studies for three typical coal-based clean energy processing, namely, coal mining, coal-fired power generation, and coal liquefaction are presented to verify the reliability of these models. It is proved that this evaluation paradigm can help to find out the worksite, substage, and airborne pollutant with the most severe impact, and more importantly, the application of evaluation indicators with life and economic meaning is more profitable to provide references for minimizing or eliminating the health impacts, moreover, explicit the developing directions of the national energy industry.
Emission from Human Skin in the Sub THz Frequency Band
Authors: Betzalel Noa , Ishai Paul Ben , Puzenko Alexander , Feldman Yuri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Recently published Radiometric measurements of human subjects in the frequency range 480-700 GHz, demonstrate the emission of blackbody radiation from the body core, rather than the skin surface. We present a detailed electromagnetic simulation of the dermis and epidermis, taking into account the presence of the sweat duct. This complex structure can be considered as an electromagnetic bio-metamaterial, whereby the layered structure, along with the topology of the sweat duct, reveals a complex interference pattern in the skin. The model is capable of accurately representing the skin greyness factor as a function of frequency and this is confirmed by radiometry of living human skin.
Simultaneous Identification of Number, Location, and Release History of Groundwater Contamination Sources
Authors: Li Jiuhui , Lu Wenxi , Wu Zhengfang , He Hongshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In previous studies, a 0-1 mixed integer nonlinear programming optimization model (0-1MINLPOM) could only identify the location and release intensity for groundwater contamination sources (GCSs), and the location of each GCS was regarded as a 0-1 integer variable, selected from several locations determined in advance. However, in actual situations, the locations usually cannot be accurately isolated to a few GCSs and the number of GCSs is often unknown, so 0-1MINLPOM was improved in this study. Based on the estimation that there is a maximum of three GCSs in the study area, an improved 0-1 MINLPOM was established to simultaneously identify the number of GCSs (treated as 0-1 integer variable), the location (treated as integer variable) and release history of GCS (treated as continuous variables). The simulation model was constructed as an equality constraint embedded improved 0-1 MINLPOM. In the improved 0-1 MINLPOM solution process, repeatedly calling the simulation model would have incurred a massive computational load and taken a long time. Thus, a surrogate model based on kriging and extreme learning machine (ELM) was established respectively for the simulation model to avoid this shortcoming. The results show that the accuracy of the kriging surrogate model (Krig-SM) was higher compared with the ELM surrogate model (ELM-SM). The improved 0-1 MINLPOM could identify the number, location, and release history of GCSs simultaneously. The accuracy of identifying the number of GCSs was 100%, and the accuracies of identifying the locations and release history were above 91.67% and 90.14%, respectively.
A Cluster-randomized Trial of a Complex Intervention to Encourage Deprescribing Antidepressants in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: a Study Protocol.
Authors: Hølmkjær Pernille , Holm Anne , Overbeck Gritt , Rozing Maarten Pieter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of psychotropic medication on behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) is limited, while associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Non-pharmacological treatment of BPSD is advocated as treatment of first choice. However, many general practitioners (GPs) find it difficult to initiate deprescribing and when attempting to discontinue psychotropic medication in nursing home residents, they face many barriers. Therefore, we hypothesize that an intervention aimed at improving communication with and involvement of nursing home staff, relatives, and patients by GPs can optimize the pharmacological treatment of BPSD. The aim is to reduce the use of antidepressants in nursing home residents with dementia without increasing morbidity or mortality. Objective: The primary outcome is reduction of antidepressant. Secondary outcomes include difference in use of other psychotropic medication, mortality, morbidity, and severity of BPSD. Method: The study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial based in general practices in Denmark. We aim to include 22 practices, each of which will recruit up to 15 patients with dementia living in nursing homes. The intervention period is three months, and the total study period is one year. Randomization is 1:1 to intervention and control group by computer algorithm. Both groups receive education on BPSD and its evidence-based treatment. The intervention includes three tailored components; 1) teaching material and training to be used by the GP to educate nursing home staff on BPSD, 2) a pre-visit reflection tool to encourage nursing home staff to evaluate symptoms and reflect on relatives involvement in the discontinuation process and 3) a dialogue tool to facilitate shared decision making on optimization of BPSD treatment during the visits at the nursing home. The control group includes enhanced care as usual. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at the end of the study period. An evaluation process will be conducted to assess the implementability. Discussion: We anticipate that the intervention will optimize the treatment of BPSD with antidepressants for nursing homes residents and enhance compliance with reduction of medication. The process evaluation should provide insights into the barriers and facilitators to changing the current practice of deprescribing.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04985305. Registered 30 July 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04985305
Characterization of Potential Driver Genes Involved in Human Breast Cancer in Maysan Province, Iraq
Authors: Allami Zainab Zamil gataa , Dragh Maytham A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease regarding its morphology, invasive behaviour, metastatic capacity, hormone receptor expression and clinical outcome. There are many risk factors for breast cancer, including genetic factors that account for 25-30% of the incidence; from this percentage, only 15-30% of the heritable component of breast cancer is due to known familiar highly penetrating genes, and the others are sporadic.Methods: This study was the first to include amplified genes as PCR templates to determine the relationship between their polymorphism and breast cancer incidence using RAPD of amplified genes. The study was designed first to evaluate the association of ABCG2, ABCB1 and BRCA1 gene polymorphisms in addition to miRNA-152 and ER-a using the RAPD technique with breast cancer incidence in Maysan Province women and second to use those genes as indicators for breast cancer prediction and diagnosis. The study included 100 patients with breast cancer and 30 healthy control women, and then all samples were amplified by conventional PCR with specific F and R primers for ABCG2, ABCB1, BRCA1, ER-α, and miRNA-152 genes. Then, the best PCR product (20) was chosen as the template for the RAPD technique.Results: The results revealed that all RAPD primers showed polymorphisms with higher values and more specific bands in patient samples. Our study proved the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of breast cancer-related genes and a higher incidence of cancer.Conclusion: The current study recommends employing these results for the future prediction and diagnosis of breast cancers.
The Effect of Pedaling At Different Cadence On Attentional Resources
Authors: Akaiwa Mayu , Iwata Koki , Saito Hidekazu , Shibata Eriko , Sasaki Takeshi , Sugawara Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research aim: We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Methods: Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (no pedaling). We set them four conditions: 1) performing only the oddball task (control), 2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (optimal), 3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (fast), and 4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (slow). Results: P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than that under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than that under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.
Artificial Phylloplanes Resembling Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Fresh Produce and Their Use in Bacteria Attachment/Removal Studies
Authors: Palma-Salgado Sindy , Ku Kang-Mo , Juvik John A. , Nguyen Thanh H. , Feng Hao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The recurrence of food-borne illness outbreaks caused by consumption of fresh produce highlights the importance of developing a good understanding of the bacteria-leaf-surfaces interactions. In this study, we proposed and developed a new method to fabricate artificial phylloplanes that mimic the topographical and epicuticular characteristics of fresh produce, to be used as a platform for the development of food safety interventions for fresh produce. Romaine lettuce and spinach were selected to create phylloplane replicas using a double-cast procedure. The surface hydrophobicity of the artificial phylloplanes made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was modified by adding a non-ionic surfactant with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values to match the hydrophobicity of produce leaves. Key epicuticular wax compounds identified from the natural spinach and lettuce leaves were coated on the leaf replica to mimic the chemical composition of natural leaf surfaces. These surrogate surfaces were used to study the attachment Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria innocua. In addition, these surfaces are reusable, and have surface hydrophobicity, surface roughness values and epicuticular wax compositions similar to fresh produce. The artificial phylloplanes of fresh produce can be used as a platform for studying the interactions between human pathogens with produce surfaces and for developing new sanitation strategies.
Downscaling Winter Daily PM2.5 Concentrations From Large-Scale Meteorological Dataset -a Case Study for a City in North China
Authors: Liu Yonghe , Li Yang , Wang Mingshi , Wang Hailing , Wang Xiyue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Winter air pollution in North China becomes a serious environmental problem in recent years, which has aroused a widespread concern. Estimating PM2.5 concentration is necessary for the government to take actions in leading times, or to reproduce the historical values. In this study, we attempt to construct statistical downscaling (SD) models based on large-scale meteorological variables, to estimate the PM2.5 in Jiaozuo, a city in the heavy-pollution area of North China. Predictors were screened from large-scale meteorological variables, by selecting the grid boxes with the values highly correlated to the PM2.5 in Jiaozuo. Correlation maps show that PM2.5 is usually related to comparatively low pressure and high relative humidity at the lower atmosphere and comparatively high pressure at the upper atmosphere, high air temperature in all the troposphere and weak winter monsoonal winds. After training the SD models with the winter samples during 2014-2017, the daily PM2.5 is simulated with correlation coefficients of 0.607 (mean) and 0.548 (maximum) to the observation, by the logarithmic transformed PM2.5 values. The SD models can roughly reflect the daily variation of PM2.5. Compared to the PM2.5 model based on the local meteorological data, larger correlations are obtained (0.57 versus 0.51-0.53, without logarithmic transformation). In the days of “APEC Blue Sky” and the “SCO Blue Sky” with emissions largely reduced by strict controls on industry and traffic in surrounding areas, low PM2.5 is indeed observed, however, the SD models without considering any change of emissions also produced low PM2.5 simulations, implying that the large-scale circulation plays a main role in the daily variation of air pollution. Similar effects were obtained for the traffic-control month and the Chinese Spring festival with massive fireworks burning. Basing on the large-scale reanalysis variables and assuming the same emission level as that in the model training period, the downscaled winter PM2.5 has a significant decreasing trend during 1979-2017.
Negative air ion exposure ameliorates depression-like behaviors induced by chronic mild stress in mice
Authors: Hu Yunqing , Niu Tingting , Xu Jianming , Peng Li , Sun Qinghua , Huang Ying , Zhou Ji , Ding Yuqiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The presence of negative air ions (NAI) is suggested to be a good factor in improving psychological status and used in treating depression as an alternative approach. However, the biological explanation for effects of NAI on alleviating depression symptoms has less been explored. In this study, the chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol was used to induce transcriptional depressive-like behaviors in mice, and the effects of NAI exposure on CMS-induced depression-like behaviors were examined. Thirty-day NAI exposure prevented the CMS-induced depression-like behaviors as shown by the restoration of sucrose preference and reduced immobility time in the suspension test. In addition, the elevation of serous corticosterone was present in CMS-treated mice but not existed in those with the NAI exposure. Furthermore, we observed a shifted balance between the cytokines secreted by type 1 T helper (Th1) cells and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. In conclusion, NAI intervention is able to ameliorate CMS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, and this effect is associated with the alteration of corticosterone and functional rebalance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
Priming With The Green Leaf Volatile (Z)-3-Hexeny-1-yl Acetate Enhances Drought Resistance in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Li Ximei , Ji Yuan , Sheng Yuting , Sheng Linshan , Guo Weiwei , Wang Huifang , Zhang Yumei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It was reported that green leaf volatiles play vital roles in multiple plant biotic and abiotic stresses, however, their functions in drought resistance have not been determined. The present study was to investigate the possible role of (Z)-3-hexeny-1-yl acetate (Z-3-HAC), a kind of green leaf volatile, in alleviating wheat drought stress and the underlying physiological mechanisms governing this effect. Seedlings of a drought-resistant variety were primed with 100 μM Z-3-HAC at the four-leaf stage before drought treatment. Morphological analysis showed that the primed seedlings grew better and possessed higher biomass accumulation in both shoot and root under drought stress. Additionally, exogenous Z-3-HAC significantly increased the total root length, total root surface area, and total root volume of the seedlings under drought stress. Physiological measurements showed that the primed seedlings possessed higher relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), photochemical activity of PSII (Fv′/Fm′), total chlorophyll content, activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and osmolyte accumulation under drought conditions. Furthermore, relative electrolyte conductivity (REC), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly lower than in non-primed seedlings. Lastly, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Z-3-HAC protects wheat seedlings against damage from drought stress mainly through antioxidant and osmoregulation systems.
The Impact of Spatial Variation of Westerlies On Comprehensive And Extreme Precipitation Over Iran
Authors: Mirzaei Nabi , Alijani Bohloul , Hejazizadeh Zahra , Darand Mohammad , Naserzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study analyzed the impact of spatial variation in westerlies on widespread and heavy precipitation over Iran using the sinuosity index. Four groups of datasets were used for the period from 1979 to 2020, containing the gridded geopotential height, specific humidity, precipitation data, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns. The results demonstrate that the trend in sinuosity variation has been decreased during the 1979-1999 sub period but increased from 2000 to 2020. The analysis of the trend in cumulative sinuosity for the above two sub periods indicates that sinuosity rate has been greater in the latter than in the former all over the year except in October. The overall trend in sinuosity variation exhibits an increase by 0.0018, significantly. Maximum sinuosity can be observed in January, March, and December, and minimum sinuosity is seen in October. The relationship between heavy precipitation and sinuosity suggests that daily precipitation has increased by 3 mm with a rise of 0.2 in the value of sinuosity, monthly precipitation by 10 mm, and the annual value by 38 mm. Thus, the rate of correlation between sinuosity and precipitation over Iran equals to 0.74. Sinuosity increase in the 0-70° E range indicates an increase in wave depth and the occurrence of a cut off low. The most important factor in the persistence of widespread extreme precipitation has been the formation of these lows in the 20-40°E and 20-35°N ranges.
In-vitro &amp; In-vivo Investigation of the Silicon Nitride Ceramic Hip Implant’s Safety and Effectiveness Evaluation
Authors: Kong Xiangpeng , Hu Xiaosu , Chai Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: With regard to the ceramic hip joint implant, given the concerns in ceramic about the alumina brittleness and zirconia instability, is there any alternative material solution for the orthopaedic implant? Beyond the metastable oxide ceramics, along the echelon of advanced technical ceramics, looking at the non-oxide ceramic, the silicon nitride could be an excellent candidate for the joint implant’s application. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety, effectiveness and to demonstrate the potential of this silicon nitride hip implant. Methods: According to the related ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards, a series of in-vitro (nine) & in-vivo (five) tests, which had been accomplished for the aforementioned aim. Especially, the total hip replacement in pigs had been achieved, as per the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time to apply the THA (Total Hip Arthroplasty) in the big animal. Results: Refer to the ISO 6474-2, in comparison with the current monopolized German product, this silicon nitride ceramic hip implant has high strength, high hardness, excellent fracture toughness, lower density, better wear resistance, good biocompatibility, inherent stability, corrosion resistance and bioactivity, bone integration capability. Conclusions: This silicon nitride ceramic will be an admirable alternative solution with superior comprehensive property that can withstand the toughest conditions in the most demanding applications like in orthopedic and beyond.
A Bacterial Genome And Culture Collection of Gut Microbial in Weanling Piglet
Authors: Dong Bo , Lin Xiaoqian , Jing Xiaohuan , Hu Tongyuan , Zhou Jianwei , Chen Jianwei , Xiao Liang , Wang Bo , Chen Zhuang , Liu Jing , Hu Yiyin , Liu Guilin , Liu Shanshan , Liu Junnian , Wei Wenkang , Zou Yuanqiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The microbiota hosted in the pig gastrointestinal tract are important to health of this biomedical model. However, the individual species and functional repertoires that make up the pig gut microbiome remain largely undefined. Results: Here we comprehensively investigated the genomes and functions of the piglet gut microbiome using culture-based and metagenomics approaches. A collection included 266 cultured genomes and 482 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that were clustered to 428 species across 10 phyla was established. Among these clustered species, 333 genomes represent potential new species. Less matches between cultured genomes and MAGs revealed a substantial bias for the acquisition of reference genomes by the two strategies. Glycoside hydrolases was the dominant category of carbohydrate-active enzymes. 445 secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes were predicted from 292 genomes with bacteriocin being the most. Pan genome analysis of Limosilactobacillus reuteri uncover the biosynthesis of reuterin was strain-specific and the production was experimentally determined. Conclusions: A total of 266 isolated bacterial genomes and 482 MAGs were obtained and investigated their functional repertoires. This study provides a comprehensive view of the microbiome composition and the function landscape of the gut of weanling piglets and a valuable bacterial resource for further experimentations.