bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quasi-Experimental Study of Medicaid Expansion and Urban Mortality in the American Northeast
Authors: Ayubcha Cyrus , Pouladvand Pedram , Ayubcha Soussan 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To investigate the association of state-level Medicaid expansion and non-elderly mortality rates from 1999 to 2018 in Northeastern urban settings.Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a synthetic control method to assess the association of Medicaid expansion on non-elderly urban mortality rates [1999–2018]. Counties encompassing the largest cities in the Northeastern Megalopolis (Washington D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston) were selected as treatment units (n = 5 cities, 3,543,302 individuals in 2018). Cities in states without Medicaid expansion were utilized as control units (n = 17 cities, 12,713,768 individuals in 2018).Results: Across all cities, there was a significant reduction in the neoplasm (Population-Adjusted Average Treatment Effect = −1.37 [95% CI −2.73, −0.42]) and all-cause (Population-Adjusted Average Treatment Effect = −2.57 [95%CI −8.46, −0.58]) mortality rate. Washington D.C. encountered the largest reductions in mortality (Average Treatment Effect on All-Cause Medical Mortality = −5.40 monthly deaths per 100,000 individuals [95% CI −12.50, −3.34], −18.84% [95% CI −43.64%, −11.67%] reduction, p = &lt; 0.001; Average Treatment Effect on Neoplasm Mortality = −1.95 monthly deaths per 100,000 individuals [95% CI −3.04, −0.98], −21.88% [95% CI −34.10%, −10.99%] reduction, p = 0.002). Reductions in all-cause medical mortality and neoplasm mortality rates were similarly observed in other cities.Conclusion: Significant reductions in urban mortality rates were associated with Medicaid expansion. Our study suggests that Medicaid expansion saved lives in the observed urban settings.
Field-Evolved Sulfoxaflor Resistance of Three Wheat Aphid Species in China
Authors: Li Xinan , Wang Chao , Li Qiuchi , Zhu Saige , Tian Xujun , Zhang Yunhui , Li Xiangrui , Gao Haifeng , Liu Enliang , Wang Liande , Zhu Xun 
Published: November 2021

Sulfoxaflor belongs to a new class of insecticides which are effective against many sap-feeding pests. Sitobion miscanthi, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Metopolophium dirhodum are the predominant pests coexisting on wheat plants. It is unknown whether these aphid species have developed resistance to sulfoxaflor. Here, the susceptibilities of three wheat aphid species from different regions of China to sulfoxaflor were evaluated. The results showed that two S. miscanthi, one R. padi, and two M. dirhodum field populations were highly resistant to sulfoxaflor. Additionally, 13 S. miscanthi, 9 R. padi, and 4 M. dirhodum field populations were moderately resistant to sulfoxaflor. Analysis of differences in toxicity showed that the susceptibility levels of R. padi in 9 of 20 regions, M. dirhodum in 5 of 9 regions, and M. dirhodum in 3 of 9 regions to sulfoxaflor were greater than those of S. miscanthi, S. miscanthi, and R. padi in the same regions, respectively. Thus, each wheat aphid species has field populations that are highly sulfoxaflor resistant. The R. padi and M. dirhodum populations were more susceptible to sulfoxaflor than those of S. miscanthi. These findings provide new insights into insecticide resistance development and rational sulfoxaflor use.
Extracellular Vesicles from Fusarium graminearum Contain Protein Effectors Expressed during Infection of Corn
Authors: Garcia-Ceron Donovan , Lowe Rohan G. T. , McKenna James A. , Brain Linda M. , Dawson Charlotte S. , Clark Bethany , Berkowitz Oliver , Faou Pierre , Whelan James , Bleackley Mark R. , Anderson Marilyn A. 
Published: November 2021

Fusarium graminearum (Fgr) is a devastating filamentous fungal pathogen that causes diseases in cereals, while producing mycotoxins that are toxic for humans and animals, and render grains unusable. Low efficiency in managing Fgr poses a constant need for identifying novel control mechanisms. Evidence that fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pathogenic yeast have a role in human disease led us to question whether this is also true for fungal plant pathogens. We separated EVs from Fgr and performed a proteomic analysis to determine if EVs carry proteins with potential roles in pathogenesis. We revealed that protein effectors, which are crucial for fungal virulence, were detected in EV preparations and some of them did not contain predicted secretion signals. Furthermore, a transcriptomic analysis of corn (Zea mays) plants infected by Fgr revealed that the genes of some of the effectors were highly expressed in vivo, suggesting that the Fgr EVs are a mechanism for the unconventional secretion of effectors and virulence factors. Our results expand the knowledge on fungal EVs in plant pathogenesis and cross-kingdom communication, and may contribute to the discovery of new antifungals.
Synergistic Mutations of LRP6 and WNT10A in Familial Tooth Agenesis
Authors: Chu Kuan-Yu , Wang Yin-Lin , Chou Yu-Ren , Chen Jung-Tsu , Wang Yi-Ping , Simmer James P. , Hu Jan C.-C. , Wang Shih-Kai 
Published: November 2021

Familial tooth agenesis (FTA), distinguished by developmental failure of selected teeth, is one of the most prevalent craniofacial anomalies in humans. Mutations in genes involved in WNT/β-catenin signaling, including AXIN2 WNT10A, WNT10B, LRP6, and KREMEN1, are known to cause FTA. However, mutational interactions among these genes have not been fully explored. In this study, we characterized four FTA kindreds with LRP6 pathogenic mutations: p.(Gln1252*), p.(Met168Arg), p.(Ala754Pro), and p.(Asn1075Ser). The three missense mutations were predicted to cause structural destabilization of the LRP6 protein. Two probands carrying both an LRP6 mutant allele and a WNT10A variant exhibited more severe phenotypes, suggesting mutational synergism or digenic inheritance. Biallelic LRP6 mutations in a patient with many missing teeth further supported the dose-dependence of LRP6-associated FTA. Analysis of 21 FTA cases with 15 different LRP6 loss-of-function mutations revealed high heterogeneity of disease severity and a distinctive pattern of missing teeth, with maxillary canines being frequently affected. We hypothesized that various combinations of sequence variants in WNT-related genes can modulate WNT signaling activities during tooth development and cause a wide spectrum of tooth agenesis severity, which highlights the importance of exome/genome analysis for the genetic diagnosis of FTA in this era of precision medicine.
Anton’s Syndrome in Occipital Lobe Infarction
Authors: Mehmood Khalid , Aftab Sabeen , Butt Nauman Ismat , Ashfaque Fahmina , Khan Aniqa Anser 
Published: November 2021

Anton's syndrome implies the situation when affected patient contradicts blindness in spite of objective documentation of loss of vision, and often confabulate to assert their bearing. It is an infrequent sequel of cortical blindness affecting both occipital cortex and other cortical centers, while patients genuinely act as if they are sighted. Our case report is of a lady, 55 years old, who presented to us with history of uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension and visual loss as a consequence of occipital lobe infarction bilaterally. In patients with evidence of occipital lobe injury and atypical visual loss, an assessment for cortical blindness and Anton's syndrome must be included. Anton's syndrome is most frequently caused by cerebrovascular disease. Any condition that causes cortical blindness may, however, lead to Anton's syndrome. Improvement in visual function after occipital lobe infarction due to cerebrovascular events is limited. Therefore, the management should be focused on rehabilitation and secondaryprevention.
Keywords: Anton’s syndrome, Occipital lobe infarct, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension.
What to Choose for Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon Monofilament or 8/0 Virgin Silk?
Authors: Shahid Erum , Fasih Uzma , Shaikh Arshad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare between 10/0 nylon monofilament and 8/0 virgin silk for conventional trabeculectomy in terms of rate of complications and bleb morphology.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from January 2017 to December 2018.
Methods: Thirty six patients who underwent conventional trabeculectomy with 6 months follow-up were included. Trabeculectomy for congenital, neovascular, traumatic glaucoma, revised surgery and laser trabeculoplasty were excluded. In group A, scleral flap and conjunctiva were closed with 8/0 virgin silk and in group B, 10/0 nylon monofilament was used. Main outcome measure was complications.
Results: Group A had 13 (36%) and group B had 23 (63.9%) patients. Mean age was 55.5 ± 10.69. Pre-operative Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 33.4 ± 6.3 and 33.5 ± 12 mm Hg in group A & B respectively. Postoperatively at 3rd month IOP was 16.8 in group A and 15.0 in group B (p = 0.24).Shallow Anterior chamber was in 53% (n = 7) patients with 8/0 silk and 13% (n = 3) patients with 10/0 nylon with p value of < 0.05. Seidel test was positive in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A (p < 0.01). Re-suturing was done in 38% (n = 5) patients in group A with a p-value (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Shallow anterior chamber, wound leak with positive seidel test and additional intervention for re-suturing were more common in group A than group B. Diffuse blebs were frequently seen with both suture materials. Suture material does not affect final intra ocular pressure and success of trabeculectomy.
Key Words: Bleb, Trabeculectomy, 10/0 Nylon, 8/0 silk.
Educational and Postgraduate Study Opportunities, For an Ophthalmology Resident in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Usama 
Published: November 2021

Ophthalmology postgraduate training in Pakistan has undergone a significant reforms and modifications in the last one decade. There are currently two categories of ophthalmology postgraduate courses in Pakistan i.e. two year courses ofMCPS or DOMS and four year courses of FCPS or MS. Among these membership/ fellowship programs are offered by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (CPSP) while Diplomas and Master degree programs are offered by the Medical Universities. PM&DC the former medical licensing body of Pakistan categorized two year postgraduate programs as level- and four year postgraduate programs as level-qualifications, which differ in scale of appointment and promotion preference. Recently Pakistan Medical Commission (PMC), the successor of PM&DC, has categorized postgraduate qualifications into additional, postgraduate and alternative qualifications.1
A resident ophthalmologist after starting postgraduate (PG) training in ophthalmology can also avail additional opportunities besides continuing with the course in which he/she is admitted.
A Comparative Study of Effects of 28-Day Exposure of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S on Body Weight Changes, Organ Histology, and Relative Organ Weight
Authors: Sharma Parul , Mandal Maloy B. , Katiyar Richa , Singh Surya Pratap , Birla Hareram 
Published: November 2021

Context:
Bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disrupting chemical, is of widespread use in manufacturing of plastic products. Documenting ill health effects of BPA has led the plastic industrialists to replace BPA by its alleged safer alternative, bisphenol S (BPS). BPS belongs to the same chemical family and shares endocrine disrupting properties with BPA.

Aims:
We compared the effects of 28-day exposure of BPA and BPS on body weight changes, organ histology, and relative organ weight in rats. In addition, we detected BPA and BPS in the rat's blood serum.

Settings and Design:
Adult male albino rats were administered BPA (50 mg/kg/day) or BPS (50 mg/kg/day) or equivolume vehicle in different groups by oral gavage for 28 days.

Subjects and Methods:
The weight of each rat was noted at the commencement of the study and weekly afterward. On 29th day, the animals were sampled for whole blood and then sacrificed. The dissected out wet viscera were weighed and subjected to the standard protocol for histological examination. Serum samples were prepared and analyzed for the detection of BPA and BPS by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Paired and unpaired Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA test, and Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons were used, as required for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Both BPA and BPS produced similar detrimental changes in body weight, histology of stomach, small intestine, lung, and kidney, and relative organ weight of lung and kidney. BPA and BPS detected in the serum of rats were nearly 45 times of the control.

Conclusions:
Present data suggest caution about the application of BPS as a substitute of BPA.
Treatment Outcome in Hepatitis B-Positive Patients Attending a Selected Clinic in Baringo County of Kenya
Authors: Comlan Adjo , Kimani Josephine , Kimotho James , Tuitoek Gladys , Ochwoto Missiani 
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is often associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organization (WHO) rolled out guidelines for treatment of HBV globally in 2015 and the Kenyan Ministry of Health started implementing these guidelines in 2018. About one thousand patients have been receiving the WHO-recommended treatment across the country. However, their treatment outcome has not been evaluated. Baringo County is one of the counties with high number of patients on treatment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the treatment outcome of these patients.
Methods: Forty-one HBV positive patients attending comprehensive care clinic in Marigat, Baringo County were randomly selected. Five millilitres of blood were drawn from each patient and processed into serum. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibodies (HBsAb), e-antigen (HBeAg), e-Antibodies (HBeAb) and core antibodies (HBcAb) were tested using lumiquick HBV-5 panel test kit (Diagnostic, lnc, USA). HBV DNA extraction was done using Qiagen extraction kit, amplified and visualized on 2% agarose gel. All positive extracts were sequenced. HBV viral load was done using TaqMan™. HBV sequences obtained were aligned and phylogenetic trees developed. Genotypes were determined using geno2pheno software and mutations on the surface antigen and polymerase coding regions were determined from the aligned sequences.
Finding: Out of 41 serum samples collected, 2.4% patient was HBsAg negative and the remaining (97.6%) positive. HBsAb positivity was 2.4%, all samples were negative for hepatitis B core antibodies (HBcAb), 14.6% tested positive and 35(85.6%) tested negative for HBeAg. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 33.59 ± 2.307 (8-80). Ten (24.3%) samples were detectable in qPCR and their viral load ranged from 4.6×104 to 1.04×101 IU/ml with majority of them (85.6%) having HBeAg negative and 80.4% having HBeAb positive. Two genotypes, genotype D (50%) and genotype A (50%) were identified among the HBV isolates. Putative mutations: rtM129L, rtW153R, rtP237T, rtN238T, and rtN248H were detected in the RT domain and have been identified to be associated with drug resistance, but not yet been confirmed experimentally in vitro.
Pharmaceutical Waste Management Practices in Pharmacies and Medicine Stores: Evidence from Bamenda Health District, Cameroon.
Authors: Dzekashu Lanyuy , Akoachere Jane , Mbacham Wilfred 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The steep growth in the pharmaceutical industry over the last several decades has led not only to more medications in markets, but also to significant environmental and public health hazards when these drugs are not properly disposed. More than 3,000 active pharmaceutical substances are being administered worldwide in prescription medicines, over-the-counter therapeutic drugs, and veterinary drugs. Their active ingredients comprise a variety of synthetic chemicals produced by pharmaceutical companies in both the industrialized and the developing world at a rate of 100,000 tons per year. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) accounts for an estimated 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Over 23 million people have been tested with the aid of swab sticks for the novel Corona virus disease-19(Covid-19) in many parts of the world. This paints a gloomy picture on the quantum of pharmaceuticals that would have been used and eventually disposed.
Purpose: This study explored and described pharmaceutical waste management practices by pharmacies and medicine stores operating in Bamenda Health District of the North West Region of Cameroon.
Methodology: A mixed research design (Exploratory and Descriptive) was used. The study was cross-sectional. Exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling was used to identify 187 medicine stores while an official list from the Bamenda Health District of the NWR of Cameroon was sought to identify 13 pharmacies. Structured closed ended questionnaires and unstructured oral interviews were used to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data while inferential statistics was used to test statistical significance.
Results: In addition to sale of drugs, medicine stores offered services such as consultation, wound dressing, injection administration, laboratory tests, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Pharmacies carried out solely the sale of drugs. There was a statistically significant difference in pharmaceutical waste management practices between pharmacies and medicine stores.
Unique contribution to policy: Incentives in the form of financial reimbursements, tax cuts or tax holidays could be offered by the state to licensed drug dispensers who comply with national guidelines on sale of drug and pharmaceutical waste management.
Atitudes Diferenciais de Atendimento do Profissional de Secretariado: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Lima Tanandra Ludimila da Gama , Melo Stella Maria Carvalho de 
Published: November 2021

Não existe propaganda melhor para uma empresa do que ter clientes satisfeitos. Diante do contexto, percebe-se que o atendimento com qualidade é uma ferramenta de suma importância para ser colocada em discussão nas pautas administrativas, e conforme uma boa execução, impactará a atuação dos profissionais. Em razão disso, o tema em questão busca sua adequabilidade nas convivências e nos espaços de trabalho onde o profissional de secretariado exerce suas atividades. Neste contexto, o presente artigo teve como problemática as atitudes diferenciais que podem levar a um atendimento de excelência do secretário. Para tanto, o seu objetivo geral foi identificar, a partir de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura – RSL, as atitudes que levam a um atendimento de excelência, analisando as práticas secretariais como medidas de atuação e relação com o cliente. Assim, percebeu-se que o profissional de secretariado executivo deve estar constantemente se aprimorando e demanda várias competências, e um atendimento de qualidade é o desejo de qualquer organização bem-sucedida.

ABSTRACT
There is no better advertisement for a company than having satisfied customers. Given the context, it is clear that quality care is an extremely important tool to be discussed in administrative agendas, and according to a good execution, it will impact the professionals' performance. As a result, the theme in question seeks its suitability in the coexistence and work spaces where the secretarial professional performs their activities. In this context, this article had as problematic the differential attitudes that can lead to an excellent service from the secretary. Therefore, its general objective was to identify, from a Systematic Literature Review – RSL, the attitudes that lead to an excellent service, analyzing the secretarial practices as measures of action and relationship with the client. Thus, it was realized that the executive secretariat professional must be constantly improving and demand several skills, and quality service is the desire of any successful organization.
Bem-Estar Subjetivo e Comprometimento Organizacional: um Estudo com Profissionais Contábeis
Authors: Lizote Suzete Antonieta , Teston Sayonara de Fátima , Zawadzki Patrick , Silva Danuzi da , Noval Charlize de Moraes 
Published: November 2021

A regulação emocional ocorre através da expressão dos sentimentos no dia a dia e está relacionada diretamente ao bem-estar subjetivo. Este é um tema de discussões entre os gestores das empresas por estar associado com o comprometimento no trabalho. Este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar o bem-estar subjetivo com o comprometimento organizacional dos profissionais contábeis. A pesquisa foi quantitativa e exploratória. A população esteve composta por 208 colaboradores de quatro escritórios contábeis do Sul do Brasil, resultando em uma amostra de 155 respondentes. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de um questionário de autopreenchimento dividido em duas partes. A primeira, com base em Albuquerque e Tróccoli (2004) foi utilizada uma escala para avaliar o bem-estar subjetivo sendo dividido em afeto positivo, negativo e satisfação com a vida. A segunda, para mensurar o comprometimento organizacional com base no modelo de Meyer e Allen (1991) sendo dividido em comprometimento afetivo, instrumental e normativo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o comprometimento afetivo dos colaboradores está diretamente relacionado com os afetos positivos e com a satisfação com a vida. Verificou-se também, que para os profissionais contábeis participantes da pesquisa, quanto maior o comprometimento normativo e instrumental, maiores são os afetos negativos e menor é a sua satisfação com a vida.

ABSTRACT
Emotional regulation occurs through the expression of feelings daily and is directly related to subjective well-being. This is a topic of discussion among company managers as it is associated with commitment at work. This study aimed to relate the subjective well-being with the organizational commitment of accounting professionals. The research was quantitative and exploratory. The population consisted of 208 employees from four accounting offices in southern Brazil, resulting in a sample of 155 respondents. Data were collected through the application of a self-administered questionnaire divided into two parts. The first, based on Albuquerque and Tróccoli (2004), used a scale to assess subjective well-being divided into positive, negative affect and life satisfaction. The second, to measure organizational commitment based on the model of Meyer and Allen (1991) being divided into affective, instrumental, and normative commitment. The results obtained showed that the employees' affective commitment is directly related to positive affections and satisfaction with life. It was also found that for the accounting professionals participating in the survey, the greater the normative and instrumental commitment, the greater the negative affect and the lower their satisfaction with life.