bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Shanley Pressure Ulcer Prevention Programme on older persons' knowledge of, and attitudes and behaviours towards, pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Shanley Emer , Patton Declan , Avsar Pinar , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Moore Zena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPressure ulcers (PUs) have a profound impact on individuals, with studies demonstrating that compared with similarly aged persons, those living with a PU have a significantly lower quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the Shanley Pressure Ulcer Prevention Programme (SPUPP) on older persons' knowledge of, and attitudes and behaviours towards, PU prevention. This was a multi‐centre, open‐label, randomised controlled trial. The population of interest was older persons living in the community who attended either a day care centre or a retirement group and were deemed to be at risk of PUs due to reduced mobility. Stratified random sampling was used to randomise based on days of attendance at day care centre/retirement group. Pretest and post‐test were applied to the intervention and control groups. The SPUPP is a multimedia programme delivered using electronic media, hard copy materials, activities, and patient diaries and addresses the key tenets of PU prevention as described by the SKIN bundle. The programme contains five separate sessions delivered over 5 weeks. The impact of the SPUPP was assessed using the patient knowledge of and attitude and behaviour towards PU prevention instrument (KPUP). A total of 64 persons, 32 in each group, took part in the study. Of these, 75% (n = 48) were female, with a mean age of 81.9 years (SD: 5.56 years). Further, 68.8% (n = 44) were either overweight or obese and 40.6% (n = 26) were usually incontinent of urine. There were no differences between the intervention and control groups in mean scores during the pretest stage. However, at post‐test, the mean scores for the intervention group were higher than the control group, 16.87 (SD: 1.88) versus 12.41 (SD: 3.21), respectively. For the post‐test stage, mean differences between the two groups in favour of the intervention group (∆ = 4.46) were statistically significant, as t = 6.76, P = .0001, and equal variances were not assumed. The SPUPP impacted positively on knowledge scores of the participants and positively influenced attitudes and behaviours towards PU prevention. Thus, this research provides information regarding the potential to enhance patient involvement in PU prevention.
The effects of NCBP3 on METTL3‐mediated m6A RNA methylation to enhance translation process in hypoxic cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ye Fei , Wang Xiaoyan , Tu San , Zeng Lixiong , Deng Xu , Luo Wenzhi , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypoxia as a crucial pathogenesis factor usually results in huge harmful effects on cardiac injury and dysfunction. Our previous study has uncovered the global transcriptome and translatome profiles of cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo to response to hypoxia by RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling sequencing. We observe a series of differential expressed genes between transcription and translation, which may be attributed to the hypoxia‐specific binding affinity of nuclear cap‐binding subunit 3 (NCBP3) at 5' untranslation region of target genes. Although we observe that NCBP3 can facilitate translational process in myocardium under hypoxia stress, the underlying molecular mechanism of NCBP3 for gene translation modulation remains unclear. In this study, we performed NCBP3 immunoprecipitation for mass spectrum and found that METTL3 and eIF4A2 particularly interacted with NCBP3 in hypoxic rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we observed that METTL3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation was elevated in hypoxia, but compromised by NCBP3 or METTL3 knockdown. Finally, we also demonstrated that NCBP3/METTL3/eIF4A2 regulatory axis plays a specific role in cardiomyocytes undergoing hypoxic stress. Taken together, we unmasked NCBP3, a novel hypoxia‐specific response protein functions as a scaffold to coordinate METTL3 and eIF4A2 for enhancing gene translation by m6A RNA methylation in cardiomyocytes upon hypoxic stress.
Middle‐childhood executive functioning mediates associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms and adolescent mental health, academic and functional outcomes in autistic children
Authors: Ameis Stephanie H. , Haltigan John D. , Lyon Rachael E. , Sawyer Amanda , Mirenda Pat , Kerns Connor M. , Smith Isabel M. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Volden Joanne , Waddell Charlotte , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bennett Teresa , Duku Eric , Elsabbagh Mayada , Georgiades Stelios , Ungar Wendy J. , Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Szatmari Peter ,   for the Pathways in ASD Study Team
Published: August 2021

BackgroundExecutive functioning (EF) varies in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is associated with clinical symptoms, academic, and adaptive functioning. Here, we examined whether middle‐childhood EF mediates associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms and adolescent outcomes in children with ASD.MethodsThe Pathways in ASD Cohort comprising children recruited at the time of ASD diagnosis (at 2–4 years‐of‐age) and followed prospectively across eight subsequent timepoints over ~10 years was used. A subset of Pathways participants (n = 250) with Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)‐Parent Form data from at least one timepoint when participants were school‐aged was analyzed. A mediation framework was used to examine whether BRIEF‐measured EF across age 7–10 years (middle‐childhood) mediated associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms (measured using the parent‐report Social Responsiveness Scale across age 2–6 years) and clinical, academic, and functional outcomes, indexed at age >10–11.8 years (early‐adolescence) using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)‐Internalizing and Externalizing Scales, Academic Performance from the Teacher's Report Form, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Models were rerun substituting clinician‐rated and teacher‐rated measures, where possible.ResultsMediation models indicated a significant indirect effect of middle‐childhood EF on associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms and externalizing behavior, academic performance, or adaptive functioning in early adolescence; kappa squared (κ2) effect sizes ranged from large to small. Model findings were stable across raters. Middle‐childhood EF did not mediate associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms and adolescent internalizing behavior.ConclusionsAmong children with an ASD diagnosis, middle‐childhood EF may be one pathway through which early‐childhood autism symptoms influence a variety of outcomes in early‐adolescence. An experimental study targeting middle‐childhood EF to improve adolescent academic, emotional/behavioral, and adaptive functioning is needed to evaluate the clinical meaningfulness of these findings.
Falls in older adults after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Goldstein David W. , Hajduk Alexandra M. , Song Xuemei , Tsang Sui , Geda Mary , McClurken James B. , Tinetti Mary E. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), older adults may be at increased risk for falls due to deconditioning, new medications, and worsening health status. Our primary objective was to identify risk factors for falls after AMI hospitalization among adults over age 75.MethodsWe used data from the Comprehensive Evaluation of Risk Factors in Older Patients with AMI (SILVER‐AMI) study, a prospective cohort study of 3041 adults age 75 and older hospitalized with AMI at 94 community and academic medical centers across the United States. In‐person interviews and physical assessments, as well as medical record review, were performed to collect demographic, clinical, functional, and psychosocial data. Falls were self‐reported in telephone interviews and medically serious falls (those associated with emergency department use or hospitalization) were determined by medical record adjudication. Backward selection was used to identify predictors of fall risk in logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 554 (21.6%) participants reported a fall and 191 (6.4%) had a medically serious fall within 6 months of discharge. Factors independently associated with self‐reported falls included impaired mobility, prior fall history, longer hospital stay, visual impairment, and weak grip. Factors independently associated with medically serious falls included older age, polypharmacy, impaired functional mobility, prior fall history, and living alone.ConclusionsAmong older patients hospitalized for AMI, falls are common in the 6 months following discharge and associated with demographic, functional, and clinical factors that are readily identifiable. Fall risk should be considered in post‐AMI clinical decision‐making and interventions to prevent falls should be evaluated.
DEEP Study: Utility of the multidimensional pain inventory in persistent oro‐facial pain
Authors: Allison James R. , Penlington Chris , Durham Justin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersistent oro‐facial pain (POFP) is disabling, and patients’ treatment outcomes are difficult to predict; psychosocial factors play a role. The West Haven‐Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a self‐report measure, which to our knowledge, has not been studied across primary and secondary care in heterogeneous POFP.ObjectiveAssess the MPI’s ability to predict clinical outcome in POFP patients across primary and secondary care settings receiving usual care.MethodsAbout 146 patients receiving usual care for POFP were recruited from primary and secondary care medical and dental practices in north‐east England. Participants completed the MPI (v3) and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) at recruitment, and after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) was completed at recruitment, 12, and 24 months. ‘Good’ and ‘poor’ outcome status was assigned to participants based on their mode dichotomised GCPS score across timepoints. Logistic regression was used with overall GCPS outcome (good/poor) as the dependent variable and MPI subscale scores, demographic variables, and PHQ‐4 scores as predictors.Results110 participants had a ‘good’, and 36 had a ‘poor’ outcome. In the ‘poor’ outcome group, age, mean income, and life control scores were lower; deprivation, months in pain, PHQ‐4, pain severity, interference, and affective distress scores were higher. In the ‘good’ group, MPI scores improved over time. Interference was the only consistent predictor of ‘poor’ outcome in the logistic regression model (OR: 1.14–1.98, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe MPI interference subscale may help to identify patients with POFP who are likely to have consistent pain‐related disability over time; it may therefore be useful clinically to identify patients likely to need early intervention.
No influence of hepatic steatosis on the 3‐year outcomes of patients with quiescent chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chang Jin Won , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe influence of hepatic steatosis on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus is unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether concurrent steatosis in patients with CHB influences the probability of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. This study enrolled treatment‐naïve patients with virologically (HBV DNA <2,000 IU/ml) and biochemically (alanine aminotransferase level <40 IU/L) quiescent CHB who underwent transient elastography between January 2004 and December 2015 and completed 3 years of follow‐up.ResultsThe mean age of the study population (n = 720) was 52.0 years, and there were more men than women (n = 419, 58.2%). The mean HBV DNA level was 321.6 IU/ml. During the 3‐year period, 74 (10.3%) patients achieved HBsAg seroclearance. Lower HBV DNA levels (hazard ratio = 0.995, p < .05) were independently associated with HBsAg seroclearance, while hepatic steatosis was not (p > .05). Fibrosis progressed in 89 (12.4%) patients. Male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.720) and higher body mass index (OR = 1.083) were independently associated with an increased probability of fibrosis progression (all p < .05), while higher total cholesterol levels (OR = 0.991) and higher liver stiffness values (OR = 0.862) were independently associated with a decreased probability of fibrosis progression (all p < .05). HCC developed in 46 (6.4%) patients. Male gender (OR = 3.917) and higher AST levels (OR = 1.036) were independently associated with an increased probability of HCC development (p < .05). Hepatic steatosis was not associated with the probability of HBsAg seroclearance, fibrosis progression or HCC development in patients quiescent CHB in our study. Further studies with longer follow‐up periods are required to validate our findings.
Genetic signatures of divergent selection in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are associated with the variation in temperature and precipitation across its distribution range
Authors: Postolache Dragos , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Vajana Elia , Bagnoli Francesca , Guichoux Erwan , Hampe Arndt , Le Provost Gregoire , Lesur Isabelle , Popescu Flaviu , Scotti Ivan , Piotti Andrea , Vendramin Giovanni G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range‐wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139 candidate genes involved either in phenology or in stress responses. We inferred neutral genetic structure and processes (drift and gene flow) and performed differentiation outlier analyses and gene‐environment association (GEA) analyses to detect signatures of divergent selection. Beech range‐wide genetic structure was consistent with the species’ previously identified postglacial expansion scenario and recolonization routes. Populations showed high diversity and low differentiation along the major expansion routes. A total of 52 loci were found to be putatively under selection and 15 of them turned up in multiple GEA analyses. Temperature and precipitation related variables were equally represented in significant genotype‐climate associations. Signatures of divergent selection were detected in the same proportion for stress response and phenology‐related genes. The range‐wide adaptive genetic structure of beech appears highly integrated, suggesting a balanced contribution of phenology and stress‐related genes to local adaptation, and of temperature and precipitation regimes to genetic clines. Our results imply a best‐case scenario for the maintenance of high genetic diversity during range shifts in beech (and putatively other forest trees) with a combination of gene flow maintaining within‐population neutral diversity and selection maintaining between‐population adaptive differentiation.
Phytophthora capsiciCBM1‐containing protein CBP3 is an apoplastic effector with plant immunity‐inducing activity
Authors: Yin Zhiyuan , Wang Nan , Duan Weiwei , Pi Lei , Shen Danyu , Dou Daolong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbohydrate‐binding module family 1 (CBM1) is a cellulose‐binding domain that is almost exclusively found in fungi and oomycetes. CBM1‐containing proteins (CBPs) have diverse domain architectures and play pivotal roles in the plant–microbe interaction. However, only a few CBPs have been functionally investigated. In this study, we identified PcCBP3 in an oomycete pathogen,Phytophthora capsici. PcCBP3 contains two tandem CBM1 domains and its orthologs from otherPhytophthoraspecies exhibit diversity including gene loss, pseudogenization, variations in sequences, and domain structures.PcCBP3is upregulated during infection and knockout ofPcCBP3results in significantly decreased virulence. Moreover, PcCBP3 requires signal peptide to induce BAK1‐dependent cell death inNicotiana benthamiana. Further studies indicate that PcCBP3‐triggered cell death and plant immunity require its N‐terminal region, which is conserved in CBM1‐containing proteins and other small, secreted, cysteine‐rich protein from oomycetes. These results suggest that PcCBP3 is an apoplastic effector and could be perceived by the plant immune system.
Amber light treatment produces hyperopia in tree shrews
Authors: Khanal Safal , Norton Thomas T , Gawne Timothy J 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeExposure to narrow‐band red light, which stimulates only the long‐wavelength sensitive (LWS) cones, slows axial eye growth and produces hyperopia in tree shrews and macaque monkeys. We asked whether exposure to amber light, which also stimulates only the LWS cones but with a greater effective illuminance than red light, has a similar hyperopia‐inducing effect in tree shrews.MethodsStarting at 24 ± 1 days of visual experience, 15 tree shrews (dichromatic mammals closely related to primates) received light treatment through amber filters (BPI 500/550 dyed acrylic) either atop the cage (Filter group, n = 8, 300–400 human lux) or fitted into goggles in front of both eyes (Goggle group, n = 7). Non‐cycloplegic refractive error and axial ocular dimensions were measured daily. Treatment groups were compared with age‐matched animals (Colony group, n = 7) raised in standard colony fluorescent lighting (100–300 lux).ResultsAt the start of treatment, mean refractive errors were well‐matched across the three groups (p = 0.35). During treatment, the Filter group became progressively more hyperopic with age (p < 0.001). By contrast, the Goggle and Colony groups showed continued normal emmetropization. When the treatment ended, the Filter group exhibited significantly greater hyperopia (mean [SE] = 3.5 [0.6] D) compared with the Goggle (0.2 [0.8] D, p = 0.01) and Colony groups (1.0 [0.2] D, p = 0.01). However, the refractive error in the Goggle group was not different from that in the Colony group (p = 0.35). Changes in the vitreous chamber were consistent with the refractive error changes.ConclusionsExposure to ambient amber light produced substantial hyperopia in the Filter group but had no effect on refractive error in the Goggle group. The lack of effect in the Goggle group could be due to the simultaneous activation of the short‐wavelength sensitive (SWS) and LWS cones caused by the scattering of the broad‐band light from the periphery of the goggles.
Does non‐strabismic amblyopia affect the quality of life of adults? Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Kumaran Sheela Evangeline , Rakshit Archayeeta , Hussaindeen Jameel Rizwana , Khadka Jyoti , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeWhile much is known about the psychosocial impacts of strabismus, little is known about the effects of non‐strabismic amblyopia on quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to explore the long‐term impacts of anisometropic amblyopia.MethodsA phenomenological qualitative investigation was carried out on a sample of adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Subjects participated in in‐depth telephone interviews and described how their eye condition affected different aspects of their life. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed iteratively to form emergent themes.ResultsSixteen participants took part in the study (median age: 21.5 years; range: 18–36 years; 11 male and 5 female). Six themes emerged: (1) symptoms experienced by participants, (2) concerns and apprehensions, (3) emotional impacts, (4) activity limitations, (5) hassle and inconveniences and (6) economic and career implications. Symptoms reported by participants ranged from glare to difficulty concentrating. They were extremely concerned about the safety of their better eye and lived with several doubts and anxieties. Negative emotions such as grief and disappointment due to eye care negligence in childhood was apparent. Guilt and regretful feelings were present in those who did not comply with past treatment. Participants expressed several limitations in driving, reading, mobility (e.g., using stairs) and tasks requiring high resolution. Reported inconveniences associated with coping with their eye condition included having to travel across the country in search of a cure for their amblyopia. Economic impacts ranged from costs associated with accessing eye care and management to career choices being compromised.ConclusionLived experiences of people with anisometropic amblyopia indicate that the QoL impacts are multifaceted and substantial, even in the absence of strabismus. The results have the potential to influence patient‐practitioner relationship by opening newer horizons to communication and care while managing adult amblyopes.
Dispersion and utilization of lipid droplets mediates respiratory syncytial virus‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Dai Pei , Tang Zhongxiang , Qi Mingming , Liu Dan , Bajinka Ousman , Tan Yurong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory viral infections (RSV) can induce acute asthma attacks, thereby destroying lung function and accelerating the progression of the disease. However, medications in the stable phase of asthma are often not effective for acute attacks induced by viral infections. We aimed to clarify the possible mechanism of viral infection–induced asthma through fatty acid metabolism.Methods and ResultsThe airway resistances, inflammatory injuries, and oxidative stress in the RSV‐induced animal models were significantly higher than those in the control group at acute phase (7 days) and chronic phase (28 days). Moreover, the concentrations of the medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids in lung tissue at (28 days) were significantly increased, including 14:0 (myristic acid), 16:0 (palmitic acid, PA), 18:1 (oleic acid, OA), and 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) using non‐targeted metabonomics. Airway epithelial cells treated with RSV showed the reduced expression of FSP27, RAB8A, and PLIN5, which caused the fusion and growth of lipid droplet (LD), and increased expression of the LD dispersion gene perilipin 2. There was also a decrease in PPARγ expression and an increase in the fatty acid catabolism gene PPARα, causing lipid oxidation, free fatty acid releases, and an upsurge in IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4, and IL‐6 expression, which could be abrogated by GPR40 inhibitor. Treated mice or epithelial cells with C18 fatty acid exhibited inhibition of epithelial proliferation, increases of inflammation, and oxidative damage.ConclusionsRSV promoted lipid dispersion and utilization, causing enlarged oxidative injuries and an upsurge in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, leading to the progression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).