bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurons and Astrocytes in Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Contribute to Restraint Water Immersion Stress-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage via the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Gao Wenting , Wang Zepeng , Wang Hui , Li Huimin , Huang Chenxu , Shen Yangyang , Ma Xiaoli , Sun Haiji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The restraint water immersion stress (RWIS) model includes both psychological and physical stimulation, which may lead to gastrointestinal disorders and cause gastric mucosal damage. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) contributes to gastrointestinal function, but whether it is involved in RWIS-induced gastric mucosal damage has not yet been reported.

Methods
The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuronal c-Fos, and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in the VLPAG after RWIS was assessed using western blotting and immunocytochemical staining methods. Lateral ventricle injection of astrocytic toxin L-a-aminoadipate and treatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway inhibitor PD98059 were further used to study protein expression and distribution in the VLPAG after RWIS.

Results
The expression of c-Fos, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in the VLPAG significantly increased following RWIS and peaked at 1 hour after RWIS. Lateral ventricle injection of the astrocytic toxin L-a-aminoadipate significantly alleviated gastric mucosal injury and decreased the activation of neurons and astrocytes. Treatment with the ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitor PD98059 obviously suppressed gastric mucosal damage as well as the RWIS-induced activation of neurons and astrocytes in the VLPAG.

Conclusions
These results suggested that activation of VLPAG neurons and astrocytes induced by RWIS through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may play a critical role in RWIS-induced gastric mucosa damage.
Vesicular drug delivery for the treatment of topical disorders: current and future perspectives
Authors: Witika Bwalya A , Mweetwa Larry L , Tshiamo Kabo O , Edler Karen , Matafwali Scott K , Ntemi Pascal V , Chikukwa Melissa T R , Makoni Pedzisai A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Vesicular drug delivery has become a useful approach for therapeutic administration of pharmaceutical compounds. Lipid vesicles have found application in membrane biology, immunology, genetic engineering and theragnostics. This review summarizes topical delivery, specifically dermal/transdermal, ocular and transungual, via these vesicles, including future formulation perspectives.

Key findings
Liposomes and their subsequent derivatives, viz. niosomes, transferosomes, pharmacososmes and ethosomes, form a significant part of vesicular systems that have been successfully utilized in treating an array of topical disorders. These vesicles are thought to be a safe and effective mode of improving the delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs.

Summary
Several drug molecules are available for topical disorders. However, physicochemical properties and undesirable toxicity have limited their efficacy. Vesicular delivery systems have the potential to overcome these shortcomings due to properties such as high biocompatibility, simplicity of surface modification and suitability as controlled delivery vehicles. However, incorporating these systems into environmentally responsive dispersants such as hydrogels, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents may further enhance therapeutic prowess of these delivery systems. Consequently, improved vesicular drug delivery can be achieved by considering combining some of these formulation approaches.
Three-dimensional dose-distribution measurement of therapeutic carbon-ion beams using a ZnS scintillator sheet
Authors: Yogo Katsunori , Tsuneda Masato , Horita Ryo , Souda Hikaru , Matsumura Akihiko , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Hayakawa Kazushige , Kanai Tatsuaki , Yamamoto Seiichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The accurate measurement of the 3D dose distribution of carbon-ion beams is essential for safe carbon-ion therapy. Although ionization chambers scanned in a water tank or air are conventionally used for this purpose, these measurement methods are time-consuming. We thus developed a rapid 3D dose-measurement tool that employs a silver-activated zinc sulfide (ZnS) scintillator with lower linear energy transfer (LET) dependence than gadolinium-based (Gd) scintillators; this tool enables the measurement of carbon-ion beams with small corrections. A ZnS scintillator sheet was placed vertical to the beam axis and installed in a shaded box. Scintillation images produced by incident carbon-ions were reflected with a mirror and captured with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. A 290 MeV/nucleon mono-energetic beam and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) carbon-ion passive beams were delivered at the Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center. A water tank was installed above the scintillator with the water level remotely adjusted to the measurement depth. Images were recorded at various water depths and stacked in the depth direction to create 3D scintillation images. Depth and lateral profiles were analyzed from the images. The ZnS-scintillator-measured depth profile agreed with the depth dose measured using an ionization chamber, outperforming the conventional Gd-based scintillator. Measurements were realized with smaller corrections for a carbon-ion beam with a higher LET than a proton. Lateral profiles at the entrance and the Bragg peak depths could be measured with this tool. The proposed method would make it possible to rapidly perform 3D dose-distribution measurements of carbon-ion beams with smaller quenching corrections.
Impact of Susceptibility to Injectable Antibiotics on the Treatment Outcomes ofMycobacterium abscessusPulmonary Disease
Authors: Park Youngmok , Park Yea Eun , Jhun Byung Woo , Park Jimyung , Kwak Nakwon , Jo Kyung-Wook , Yim Jae-Joon , Shim Tae Sun , Kang Young Ae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend a susceptibility-based regimen for Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus pulmonary disease (MAB-PD), but the evidence is weak. We aimed to investigate the association between treatment outcomes and in vitro drug susceptibility to injectable antibiotics in MAB-PD patients.MethodsWe enrolled MAB-PD patients treated with intravenous amikacin and beta-lactams for ≥4 weeks at 4 referral hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Culture conversion and microbiological cure at 1 year were evaluated based on susceptibility to injectable antibiotics among patients treated with those antibiotics for ≥2 weeks.ResultsA total of 82 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 58.7 years, and 65.9% were women. Sputum culture conversion and microbiological cure were achieved in 52.4% and 41.5% of patients, respectively. Amikacin was the most common agent to which the M. abscessus subspecies abscessus isolates were susceptible (81.7%); 9.8% and 24.0% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and imipenem, respectively. The clarithromycin-inducible resistance (IR) group (n = 65) had a lower microbiological cure rate than the clarithromycin-susceptible group (35.4% vs 64.7%). The treatment outcomes appeared to be similar regardless of in vitro susceptibility results with regard to intravenous amikacin, cefoxitin, imipenem, and moxifloxacin. In the subgroup analysis of the clarithromycin-IR group, the treatment outcomes did not differ according to antibiotic susceptibility.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence supporting the use of susceptibility-based treatment with intravenous amikacin and beta-lactams in patients with MAB-PD. Further research is required.
John Taylor Retailored
Authors: Ossa-Richardson Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The works of John Taylor the Water Poet (1578–1653) have in recent years been reappraised by scholars of early modern material culture for their expression of a working-class voice, for their inventive manipulation of the print market, and above all for their embodiment, in contrast to dominant Renaissance paradigms of literary worth, of a poetics of physical labour. In this article I revisit the figure of the tailor in Taylor’s defences of his own literary practice, showing that he cleaved to a simplistic distinction between originality and theft, identifying tailoring with the latter. I then examine three examples of his reworkings of previous poems—a micro-drama about the Thirty Years War, an anti-Papist dialogue, and an extended piece of nonsense verse—in an attempt to demonstrate that, despite Taylor’s critical assertions, they can after all best be thought of retailorings, neither properly original nor stolen. This category, however, is a modern one, and I conclude that we have no choice but to appreciate Taylor’s poems, or those of any other early modern writer, on our own terms.
Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatricCarolliaspecies (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Authors: Bosia Tania , Villalobos Federico , Schmidt Sabine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVocal diversity might reflect the social organization and sustain the coexistence of cryptic species in sympatry. To test the extent to which vocal behaviour separates sympatric, cryptic species of a bat radiation, we compared vocalizations of genetically confirmed Carollia castanea, Carollia sowelli and Carollia perspicillata emitted by intraspecific dyads of identified individuals during corresponding physical interference interactions at the perch. Video analysis revealed a similar behaviour and interaction time across species. A sonagram-based visual classification of vocalization syllables of uninterrupted frequency–time contour discriminated 21 syllable classes. Class usage and distribution of the four shared classes differed across species. Carollia sowelli emitted the lowest number of classes in total and per interaction across species and displayed a limited number of syllable compositions in bouts. Discriminant analyses of syllables of a common, shared class provided evidence for species distinctiveness and individual-specific signatures. In general, sex did not account for data variability. The present vocalizations combine syllables reported from aggressive and submissive contexts in C. perspicillata and might express experienced ambivalence during interference at the perch. The diversity of vocal behaviour across congeners is discussed as arising from different ecological pressures during allopatric speciation and as an indicator of differences in species social organization.
16. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN KALIDERES, JAKARTA
Authors: Syauqi Khanza Rizqullah 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) data, at least 45% of deaths from heart disease were caused by hypertension (total mortality from ischemic heart disease and 51% from stroke). From 50% of known hypertensive patients, only 25% received treatment and only 12.5% treated properly. Each year, 7 million people in worldwide died because of hypertension. The incidence of hypertension can be influenced by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Lack of physical activity is one of a modifiable risk factor of hypertension. Physical activity or regular exercise is useful for managing body weight and strengthening the heart and blood vessel system. Regular exercise can reduce stiffness of blood vessels and increase the endurance of the heart and lungs so that it can lower blood pressure.

Objective:
To determine whether the physical activity can reduces blood pressure of hypertensive patients.

Method:
This research was conducted for 6 weeks since March-April 2019 at Integrated Development Post in Kalideres, Jakarta. Data were collected every week with a minimum sample size of 25. Data were then computed using analytical comparison formula with paired groups. The dependent variable was blood pressure and the independent variable was physical activity.

Result:
Systolic blood pressure reduction was found with a significance of 0.013. But, diastolic blood pressure reduction was found insignificancy with p-value was 0.810.

Conclusion:
Physical activity reduce blood pressure, mainly systolic blood pressure. To maintain normal blood pressure, the patients should not only focus on increasing physical activity but also change the dietary habit.
21. THE PROFILE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AT SILOAM DHIRGA SURYA HOSPITAL FROM MAY TO NOVEMBER 2020
Authors: Tanoto Epifanus Arie , Wahyuni Sri , Raynaldo Abdul Halim 
Published: May 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China then spread around the world. According to Huang et al, hypertension is one of the most common comorbid conditions among COVID-19 patients and was linked to more severe infection which requires intensive care monitoring. Hypertension associated with COVID-19, likely involves dysregulation of the RAS/ACE2 system due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
This retrospective observational study describes demography of hypertension patient with COVID-19 using total sampling. Data were collected from patient's medical record from May 2020 until November 2020. From 386 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to hospital, there were 70 COVID-19 patients with hypertension (9 patients were excluded).
The prevalence of those patients in our study was 15.8% (male: 55.7%, female: 44.3%). According to age category in JNC VIII, our subjects were divided to 18–59 years (35 patients), 60–79 years (34 patients), and 80 years and over (2 patients). The highest systolic and diastolic BP were 213 (mean 148.54) mmHg and 123 (mean 82.75) mmHg. Drug of choice were CCB (35 patients), ARB (32 patients), and CCB/ARB combinations (21 patients). The average length of stay was 15 days. Among 61 patients were admitted, 51 patients were discharged from hospital and 10 patients died.
In summary, COVID-19 patients with hypertension need multidisciplinary management due to the high prevalence of hypertension in older individuals, preexisting other comorbidities, commonly used antihypertensive medications, and interactions between COVID-19.
26. PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF PRESENTING BLOOD PRESSURE AND HYPERTENSION HISTORY IN PATIENT WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ADMITTED TO BLAMBANGAN GENERAL HOSPITAL, BANYUWANGI
Authors: Susilowati Eliana , Mulyaningsih Nelly 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
to investigate the survival significance of STEMI patients with high-presenting blood pressure and its relation to their hypertension history.

Methods:
This is a cohort study that followed STEMI patients during their in-hospital stay at ICCU in Blambangan General hospital throughout year 2019. The survival of STEMI patients who were admitted with high blood pressure (BP) (>140/90 mmHg) compared to normal BP (90/60mmHg-139/89 mmHg) were analysed, we also analysed the survival of STEMI patients presented with hypertensive crisis compared to the survival of hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients related with their history of hypertension. Survival model used Kaplan-Meier, p-value <0.005.

Results:
80 STEMI patients were analysed, of which 36% had a history of hypertension, 34.3% admitted with hypertension, 5% presented with hypertensive emergency, and 8% with cardiogenic shock. STEMI patients presented to emergency department with hypertension had poorer survival compared to those with normal BP (HR = 4.8, p = 0.026). STEMI patients admitted with hypertensive emergency had survival of <80% (HR = 9.5, p = 0.008). History of hypertension alone could not describe significant poorer prognosis (HR = 1.6, p = 0.208), but hypertension-presenting STEMI patients with hypertension history had a significant poorer survival compared to those with normal-presenting BP and without hypertension history (HR = 7.6, p = 0.022). Multivariate analysis showed that History of diabetes became a confounding factor with the increasing risk to 4.6 fold (p = 0.004), with adjusted OR of 1.95.

Conclusion:
STEMI patients with high-presenting BP had an increased risk of poorer in-hospital survival, moreover to those with hypertension history and the other related risk factors such as diabetes. In these patients, BP values should be carefully monitored.
55. PREVENTION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN HUVEC CELLS: COMPARISON BETWEEN DECAFFEINATED LIGHT ROASTED GREEN COFFEE EXTRACT AND GREEN TEA EXTRACT
Authors: Nugroho Dwi Adi , Lukitasari Mifetika , Marlita  , Rohman Mohammad Saifur 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to hypertension complications. Coffee consumption still gave rise to conflicting data regarding its preventive action on endothelial dysfunction.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the effect of decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extract (GCE) and green tea extract (GTE) on endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated HUVEC cells.

Methods:
The HUVEC cells were maintained in M200 medium containing 2% LSGS and 1% penicillin streptomycin. The cells were seeded in 6-well plate with 1 × 106 cells/well density. At 80% confluency, the cells were treated for 48 hours with either GCE or GTE at the dose of 125, 250, and 500 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL of Simvastatin. The cells were then treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for another 48 hours. Finally the cells were harvested and the gene expression of NOX-1, TNFα, ENOS, INOS, and MCP-1 were analysed by RT-PCR method

Results:
The gene expression of NOX-1, TNFα, INOS, and MCP-1 were significantly lower in all GCE, GTE, and simvastatin group (P < 0.000). The ENOS gene expression were significantly higher in all GCE and GTE group (P < 0.000) compared to LPS treated HUVEC. In general, the administration of GCE significantly improved the endothelial dysfunction biomarkers compared to that of GTE administration in the same doses. Administration of GCE 250 μg/mL resulted in significantly lower NOX-1, TNFα, INOS, and MCP-1 expression (P < 0.000) and significantly higher ENOS expression (P < 0.000) compared to those of GCE 250 μg/mL administration

Conclusion:
GCE administration significantly prevented endothelial dysfunction through improvement of NOX-1, TNFα, ENOS, INOS, and MCP-1 compared to that of GTE administration in LPS treated HUVEC cells.
The Impact of Community Care Referral on Time to Surgery for Veterans With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Billig Jessica I. , Evans Richard R. , Kerr Eve A. , Hayward Rodney A. , Sears Erika D. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) enacted policies offering Veterans care in the community, aiming to improve access challenges. However, the impact of receipt of community care on wait times for Veterans receiving surgical care is poorly understood.

Objectives:
To compare wait times for surgery for Veterans with carpal tunnel syndrome who receive VA care plus community care (mixed care) and those who receive care solely within the VA (VA-only).

Research Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects:
Veterans undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR) between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016.

Measures:
Our primary outcome was time from primary care physician (PCP) referral to CTR.

Results:
Of the 29,242 Veterans undergoing CTR, 23,330 (79.8%) received VA-only care and 5912 (20.1%) received mixed care. Veterans receiving mixed care had significantly longer time from PCP referral to CTR (median mixed care: 378 days; median VA-only care: 176 days, P<0.001). After controlling for patient and facility covariates, mixed care was associated with a 37% increased time from PCP referral to CTR (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.65). Each additional service provided in the community was associated with a 23% increase in time to surgery (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.78).

Conclusions:
VA-only care was associated with a shorter time to surgery compared with mixed care. Moreover, there were additional delays for each service received in the community. With likely increases in Veterans seeking community care, strategies must be used to identify and mitigate sources of delay through the spectrum of care between referral and definitive treatment.
Comparing Driving Miles for Department of Veterans Affairs–delivered Versus Department of Veterans Affairs–purchased Cataract Surgery
Authors: Pettey Warren B.P. , Wagner Todd H. , Rosen Amy K. , Beilstein-Wedel Erin , Shwartz Michael , Vanneman Megan E. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The Veterans Choice Act of 2014 increased the number of Veterans eligible for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)-purchased care delivered in non-VA community care (CC) facilities. Driving >40 miles from home to a VA facility is a key eligibility criterion for CC. It remains unclear whether this policy change improved geographical access by reducing drive distance for Veterans.

Objectives:
Describe the driving distance for Veterans receiving cataract surgery in VA and CC facilities, and if they visited the closest-to-home facility or if they drove to farther facilities.

Subjects:
Veterans who had cataract surgery in federal fiscal year 2015.

Measures:
We calculated driving miles to the Closest VA and CC facilities that performed cataract surgeries, and to the location where Veterans received care.

Results:
A total of 61,746 Veterans received 83,875 cataract surgeries. More than 50% of CC surgeries occurred farther than the Closest CC facility providing cataract surgery (median Closest CC facility 8.7 miles vs. Actual CC facility, 19.7 miles). Most (57%) Veterans receiving cataract surgery at a VA facility used the Closest VA facility (median Closest VA facility 28.1 miles vs. Actual VA facility at 31.2 miles). In all, 26.1% of CC procedures occurred in facilities farther away than the Closest VA facility.

Conclusions:
Although many Veterans drove farther than needed to get cataract surgery in CC, this was not true for obtaining care in the VA. Our findings suggest that there may be additional reasons, besides driving distance, that affect whether Veterans choose CC and, if they do, where they seek CC.