bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of urban environment on land surface temperature in local climate zones
Authors: Gosteva Anna , Ilina Sofia , Matuzko Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

The replacement of the natural landscape by artificial environment has led to changes in the ecosystem and physical properties of the surface, such as heat storage capacity, and thermal conductivity properties. These changes increase the difficulty of heat transfer between urban areas and the environment. Land surface temperature (LST) images from various satellites are widely used to represent urban thermal environments, which are more convenient and intuitive way. LST maps provide full spatial coverage, which distinguishes them from air temperature data obtained from meteorological stations.
The study of LST according to the Landsat 8 data of Krasnoyarsk city over the past 10 years allowed the authors to talk about the observation of constant seasonal urban heat islands (UHI). For a more detailed consideration of the urban environment, this study further considers urban landscapes, thus the idea of local climate zone (LCZ) is introduced to study these diverse impacts in addition to the traditional map of LST. And analysis of the interaction of UHI and LCZ.
Erstellung einer virtuellen HNO-Ambulanz in der Lehre während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Speck Iva , Hagge Daniel , Knopf Andreas , Arndt Susan , Offergeld Christian 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde die Lehre
vollständig online durchgeführt. Trotz des Wegfalls von Praktika ist es unser Ziel, ein
komplettes und hochqualitatives Curriculum in der HNO-Lehre anzubieten.
Methode Wir führten in der HNO-Uniklinik Freiburg Case-based
Learning (CBL) ein. CBL ist ein Lern- und Lehransatz, der Studierende durch die Verwendung
authentischer klinischer Fälle auf die klinische Praxis vorbereitet und in die Rolle der
Entscheidungsträger*in versetzt. CBL verbindet Theorie und Praxis und erlaubt es uns trotz
fehlender Praktika, die Studierenden so gut wie möglich auszubilden. Unsere Studierenden
evaluierten das Angebot der CBL in Hinsicht auf die Vorbereitung auf die HNO-Abschlussklausur,
auf die Vorbereitung auf die Tätigkeit als Ärztin/Arzt, als Lehrmittel und als digitales
Format.
Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der Studierenden (>90%) gaben an, dass
CBL ein adäquates digitales Lehrformat ist. Die meisten Studierenden stimmten zu oder voll und
ganz zu, dass CBL eine gute Vorbereitung für ihre zukünftige klinische Tätigkeit als
Ärztin/Arzt ist (>90%) und eine gute Vorbereitung auf die HNO-Klausur ist (>80%). 100%
der Studierenden gaben an, dass sie beim CBL etwas gelernt haben.
Schlussfolgerung Die Einführung des CBL war erfolgreich und wird
als dauerhaftes Lehrmittel in der HNO-Lehre übernommen. CBL soll zu einer virtuellen
HNO-Ambulanz weiterentwickelt werden. Die „virtuelle HNO-Ambulanz" soll Lerninhalte durch die
Bearbeitung von anonymisierten Patient*innen-Fällen (CBL) vermitteln und das Wegfallen der
praktischen Ausbildung im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie überbrücken. Im Anschluss soll die
„virtuelle HNO-Ambulanz“ als zusätzliches Lehrangebot etabliert werden.
Hypercoagulation Detected by Rotational Thromboelastometry Predicts Mortality in COVID-19: A Risk Model Based on a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Almskog Lou M. , Wikman Agneta , Svensson Jonas , Bottai Matteo , Kotormán Mariann , Wahlgren Carl-Magnus , Wanecek Michael , van der Linden Jan , Ågren Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Severe disease due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to be associated with hypercoagulation. The aim of this study was to assess the Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) as a marker of coagulopathy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods This was a prospective, observational study where patients hospitalized due to a COVID-19 infection were eligible for inclusion. Conventional coagulation tests and ROTEM were taken after hospital admission, and patients were followed for 30 days. A prediction model, including variables ROTEM EXTEM-MCF (Maximum Clot Firmness) which in previous data has been suggested a suitable marker of hypercoagulation, age, and respiratory frequency, was developed using logistic regression to evaluate the probability of death.
Results Out of the 141 patients included, 18 (13%) died within 30 days. In the final prediction model, the risk of death within 30 days for a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19 was increased with increased EXTEM-MCF, age, and respiratory frequency. Longitudinal ROTEM data in the severely ill subpopulation showed enhanced hypercoagulation. In an in vitro analysis, no heparin effect on EXTEM–coagulation time (CT) was observed, supporting a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) effect on prolonged initiation of coagulation.
Conclusion Here, we show that hypercoagulation measured with ROTEM predicts 30-day mortality in COVID-19. Longitudinal ROTEM data strengthen the hypothesis of hypercoagulation as a driver of severe disease in COVID-19. Thus, ROTEM may be a useful tool to assess disease severity in COVID-19 and could potentially guide anticoagulation therapy.
Laparoscopic versus Open Pediatric Surgery: Three Decades of Comparative Studies
Authors: Kiblawi Rim , Zoeller Christoph , Zanini Andrea , Kuebler Joachim F. , Dingemann Carmen , Ure Benno , Schukfeh Nagoud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction Despite its wide acceptance, the superiority of laparoscopic versus open pediatric surgery has remained controversial. There is still a call for well-founded evidence. We reviewed the literature on studies published in the last three decades and dealing with advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy compared to open surgery.Materials and Methods Studies comparing laparoscopic versus open abdominal procedures in children were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE. Reports on upper and lower gastrointestinal as hepatobiliary surgery and on surgery of pancreas and spleen were included. Advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery were analyzed for different types of procedures. Complications were categorized using the Clavien–Dindo classification.Results A total of 239 studies dealing with 19 types of procedures and outcomes in 929,157 patients were analyzed. We identified 26 randomized controlled trials (10.8%) and 213 comparative studies (89.2%). The most frequently reported advantage of laparoscopy was shorter hospital stay in 60.4% of studies. Longer operative time was the most frequently reported disadvantage of laparoscopy in 52.7% of studies. Clavien–Dindo grade I to III complications (mild–moderate) were less frequently identified in laparoscopic compared to open procedures (80.3% of studies). Grade-IV complications (severe) were less frequently reported after laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis and more frequently after laparoscopic Kasai's portoenterostomy. We identified a decreased frequency of reporting on advantages after laparoscopy and increased reporting on disadvantages for all surgery types over the decades.Conclusion Laparoscopic compared with open pediatric surgery seems to be beneficial in most types of procedures. The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains limited. However, the number of reports on disadvantages increased during the past decades.
Mayor presión y área de contacto en reparación transósea cruzada de Manguito Rotador versus reparación simple
Authors: Contreras Julio José , Liendo Rodrigo , Soza Francisco 
Published: December 2021

Resumen
Objetivo Comparar la presión y el área de contacto en la interfase tendón-huella de una reparación realizada con suturas transóseas simples y cruzadas.
Métodos Se utilizaron doce hombros de cordero para simular una rotura de manguito rotador. Se midió el área de contacto en la interfase tendón-huella con láminas sensibles a presión; luego, se midió la presión con un sensor digital. Se registró la presión basal durante la aplicación de carga cíclica y al final de la intervención. Se compararon 2 reparaciones: 2 túneles transóseos con nudos simples (TOS; n = 6) y 2 túneles transóseos con nudos cruzados (TOC; n = 6), utilizando FiberWire #2. Se realizaron 1.400 ciclos, con una frecuencia 2,5 Hz y una carga de 5 N. Se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney, y ae consideraron significativos valores de p < 0,05.
Resultados La reparación TOS presentó un 50,9 ± 12,7% de distribución de presiones en comparación con 72,2 ± 5,3% en la reparación TOC (p < 0,009). La presión promedio en la reparación TOS fue 0,7 ± 0,1 MPa en comparación con 1,1 ± 0,2 MPa en la reparación TOC (p < 0,007). La reparación TOS registró una presión basal de 5,3 ± 5,3 N, presión final de 3,8 ± 4,6 N, y una variación de 51,7 ± 38%. La reparación TOC registró una presión basal de 10,7 ± 1,8 N, presión final de 12,9 ± 8,7 N, y una variación de 114,9 ± 65,9% (p < 0,044; p < 0,022; y p < 0,017, respectivamente).
Conclusión La reparación TOC presenta mayor presión a nivel de la interfase tendón-hueso, menor pérdida de fuerza de contacto ante cargas cíclicas, y una mejor distribución de fuerza en la huella al comparar con la reparación TOS, lo que se podría traducir en mejor cicatrización tendínea.
Nivel de Evidencia Estudio de ciencia básica.
Energetics of the charge generation in organic donor–acceptor interfaces
Authors: Andermann Artur M. , Rego Luis G. C. 
Published: December 2021

Non-fullerene acceptor materials have posed new paradigms for the design of organic solar cells , whereby efficient carrier generation is obtained with small driving forces, in order to maximize the open-circuit voltage (VOC). In this paper, we use a coarse-grained mixed quantum–classical method, which combines Ehrenfest and Redfield theories, to shed light on the charge generation process in small energy offset interfaces. We have investigated the influence of the energetic driving force as well as the vibronic effects on the charge generation and photovoltaic energy conversion. By analyzing the effects of the Holstein and Peierls vibrational couplings, we find that vibrational couplings produce an overall effect of improving the charge generation. However, the two vibronic mechanisms play different roles: the Holstein relaxation mechanism decreases the charge generation, whereas the Peierls mechanism always assists the charge generation. Moreover, by examining the electron–hole binding energy as a function of time, we evince two distinct regimes for the charge separation: the temperature independent excitonic spread on a sub-100 fs timescale and the complete dissociation of the charge-transfer state that occurs on the timescale of tens to hundreds of picoseconds, depending on the temperature. The quantum dynamics of the system exhibits the three regimes of the Marcus electron transfer kinetics as the energy offset of the interface is varied.
Stochastic configuration networks with fast implementations
Authors: Tian Zhongda , Zhang Haobo 
Published: December 2021

Stochastic configuration networks (SCNs) employ a supervisory mechanism to assign hidden-node parameters in the incremental construction process. SCNs offer the advantages of practical implementation, fast convergence, and better generalization performance. However, due to its high computational cost and the scalability of numerical algorithms for the least square technique, it is rather limited for dealing with enormous amounts of data. This paper proposes fast SCNs (F-SCNs), whose output weights are determined using orthogonal matrix Q and upper triangular matrix R decomposition. The network can iteratively update the output weights utilizing the output information from the predecessor node using this incremental technique. We investigated the computational complexity of SCNs and F-SCNs and demonstrated that F-SCNs are suitable for scenarios in which the hidden layer has a significant number of nodes. We evaluated the proposed method on four real-world regression datasets; experimental results show that our method has notable advantages in terms of speed and effectiveness of learning.
Monoelemental two-dimensional iodinene nanosheets: a first-principles study of the electronic and optical properties
Authors: Bafekry A , Stampfl C , Faraji M , Mortazavi B , Fadlallah M M , Nguyen Chuong V , Fazeli S , Ghergherehchi M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Very recently, two-dimensional (2D) iodinene, a novel layered and buckled structure has been successfully fabricated (Qian et al 2020 Adv. Mater.
32 2004835). Motivated by this latest experimental accomplishment, for the first time we conduct density functional theory, first-principles calculations to explore the structural, electronic, and optical properties of monolayer, few-layer and bulk iodinene. Unlike the majority of monoelemental 2D lattices, iodinene is predicted to be an intrinsic semiconductor. On the basis of calculations using the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof for the exchange-correlation functional and the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) functional, it is shown that the electronic bandgap of iodinene decreases with increasing the number of atomic layers. Our HSE06 results reveal that the bandgap of iodinene decreases from 2.08 to 1.28 eV as the number of atomic layers change from one to five, highlighting the finely tunable bandgap. The optical study shows the monolayer has the ability to absorb a wide range of ultraviolet light, more than multilayers and bulk iodinene. As the number of layers increases, the absorption spectra exhibits a blue shift relative to monolayer iodinene. This study confirms the remarkable prospect for the application of iodinene in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics owing to its intrinsic semiconducting nature.
Interaction of molecular tori in columnar structures
Authors: Lun-Fu Alexandr , Bubenchikov Mikhail , Bubenchikov Alexey , Mamontov Dmitriy , Borodin Vladislav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The potential of tori interactions, simple in form, is obtained, which underlies the mechanisms of the formation of molecular associations in liquid crystals. In the considered linear aggregates, the short-range interactions of the tori are calculated. The dynamic state of a hexagonal tori cord is also considered.
3D total variation denoising in X-CT imaging applied to pore extraction in additively manufactured parts
Authors: Heylen Rob , Thanki Aditi , Verhees Dries , Iuso Domenico , De Beenhouwer Jan , Sijbers Jan , Witvrouw Ann , Haitjema Han , Bey-Temsamani Abdellatif 
Published: December 2021

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (X-CT) plays an important role in non-destructive quality inspection and process evaluation in metal additive manufacturing, as several types of defects such as keyhole and lack of fusion pores can be observed in these 3D images as local changes in material density. Segmentation of these defects often relies on threshold methods applied to the reconstructed attenuation values of the 3D image voxels. However, the segmentation accuracy is affected by unavoidable X-CT reconstruction features such as partial volume effects, voxel noise and imaging artefacts. These effects create false positives, difficulties in threshold value selection and unclear or jagged defect edges. In this paper, we present a new X-CT defect segmentation method based on preprocessing the X-CT image with a 3D total variation denoising method. By comparing the changes in the histogram, threshold selection can be significantly better, and the resulting segmentation is of much higher quality. We derive the optimal algorithm parameter settings and demonstrate robustness for deviating settings. The technique is presented on simulated data sets, compared between low- and high-quality X-CT scans, and evaluated with optical microscopy after destructive tests.
Iron vacancies engineering of Fe
x
C@NC hybrids toward enhanced lithium-ion storage properties
Authors: Liu Shenghong , Zheng Wenrui , Huang Mingyue , Xu Yaning , Xie Wenhe , Sun Haibin , Zhao Yanming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Defect engineering have profound influence on the energy storage properties of electrode hybrids by adjusting their intrinsic electronic characteristics. For iron carbide based materials, however, the effect of defect (especially cation vacancies) toward their electrochemical performance are still unclear. Herein, the feasible and scalable synthesis of Fe
x
C@NC with 3D honeycomb-like carbon architecture and abundant Fe vacancies via template etching is reported. Such structure enable outstanding lithium-ion storage properties owing to hierarchical pores, improved intrinsic electrochemical activity, as well as the introduction of more active sites. As a result, the Fe
x
C@NC-2 presents a high reversible specific capacity of 1079 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. Moreover, an excellent cycling stability can be achieved via maintaining a high-capacity retention (689 mAh g−1, 98.4%) over 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing high-performance hybrids with hierarchical pore and rich defects structures.
Time-varying magnetic field induced electric field across a current-transporting type-II superconducting loop: beyond dynamic resistance effect
Authors: Geng Jianzhao , Brooks Justin M , Bumby Chris W , Badcock Rodney A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The emergence of a potential drop across a current-transporting type-II superconducting loop under a perpendicular oscillating magnetic field is revealed. We have derived analytical formulae to describe the effect under DC transport current in 1D, based on Bean’s critical state model. The analytical formulae are verified by a finite element model. To exploit this effect, we have developed a transformer-like ‘resistive switch’, and experimentally observed a switching effect. This work demonstrates a physically important general insight of the interaction between DC transport currents and time-varying magnetic fields in type-II superconducting loops, which extends beyond the well-known ‘dynamic resistance’ effect. It also provides a useful view on the interaction between a ‘transport-current’ and a ‘screening-current’ in the superconductor. The resulting demonstrated switch has the potential to be used in a variety of applications including superconducting rectifiers, fault current limiters, and superconducting magnetic energy storages.
Seebeck effect studies in the charge density wave state of organic conductor α-(BEDT–TTF)2KHg(SCN)4
Authors: Krstovska D , Choi E S , Steven E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Angular, magnetic field and temperature dependence of the interlayer Seebeck effect of the multiband organic conductor

α
−

(
BEDT
−
TTF
)

2

KHg

(
SCN
)

4

is experimentally studied at temperatures down to 0.55 K and fields up to 31 T in a wide range of angles. The background magnetic field and angular component of the Seebeck effect as well as the magnetic quantum oscillations that originate from the closed Fermi surface orbits are analyzed. The background interlayer Seebeck effect components show that above certain tilt angle of the magnetic field and above the kink field there is another CDW state in

α
−

(
BEDT
−
TTF
)

2

KHg

(
SCN
)

4

, between previously known CDW0 and CDW
x
states, in agreement with magnetoresistance and magnetization studies in this material. Our observations show that this state possesses some of the properties of the CDW0 state. The Fermi surface in the third CDW state is still reconstructed but less imperfectly nested as expected as this state develops above the kink field. The temperature dependence of the interlayer Seebeck effect reveals that this state is developed at temperatures below 3 K and at field orientations around the second AMRO maximum. In addition, for the first time, a detailed T − θ phase diagram of

α
−

(
BEDT
−
TTF
)

2

KHg

(
SCN
)

4

based purely on Seebeck effect measurements is presented. We find that other states and transitions, beside the CDW states, also exist in a given temperature and angular range that have not been previously reported. These observations change the whole picture about the transport processes in the organic conductor

α
−

(
BEDT
−
TTF
)

2

KHg

(
SCN
)

4

and allow to better understand the complex nature of the CDW order in this and similar compounds.
LD-pumped high-power continuous-wave Pr3+:YLF deep red lasers at 718.5 and 720.8 nm
Authors: Liu Xiangrui , Li Zhuang , Shi Chengkun , Xiao Bo , Fang Run , Xue Yuchen , Feng Qichen , Lin Xiuji , Zhu Yao , Xu Guozhen , Xu Huiying , Cai Zhiping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We demonstrated 22 W LD-pumped high-power continuous-wave (CW) deep red laser operations at 718.5 and 720.8 nm based on an a-cut Pr3+:YLF crystal. The output power of both polarized directions reached the watt-level without output power saturation. A single wavelength laser operated at 720.8 nm in the π-polarized direction was achieved, with a high output power of 4.5 W and high slope efficiency of approximately 41.5%. To the best of our knowledge, under LD-pumped conditions, the laser output power and slope efficiency are the highest at 721 nm. By using a compact optical glass plate as an intracavity etalon, we suppressed the π-polarized 720.8 nm laser emission. And σ-polarized single-wavelength laser emission at 718.5 nm was achieved, with a maximum output power of 1.45 W and a slope efficiency of approximately 17.8%. This is the first time that we have achieved the σ-polarized laser emission at 718.5 nm generated by Pr3+:YLF lasers.
Neutron capture cross section of 169Tm measured at the CSNS Back-n facility in the energy region from 30 to 300 keV *
Authors: Ren Jie , Ruan Xichao , Jiang Wei , Bao Jie , Wang Jincheng , Zhang Qiwei , Luan Guangyuan , Huang Hanxiong , Nie Yangbo , Ge Zhigang , An Qi , Bai Huaiyong , Bao Yu , Cao Ping , Chen Haolei , Chen Qiping , Chen Yonghao , Chen Yukai , Chen Zhen , Cui Zengqi , Fan Ruirui , Feng Changqing , Gao Keqing , Gu Minhao , Han Changcai , Han Zijie , He Guozhu , He Yongcheng , Hong Yang , Huang Weiling , Huang Xiru , Ji Xiaolu , Ji Xuyang , Jiang Haoyu , Jiang Zhijie , Jing Hantao , Kang Ling , Kang Mingtao , Li Bo , Li Chao , Li Jiawen , Li Lun , Li Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Yang , Liu Rong , Liu Shubin , Liu Xingyan , Mu Qili , Ning Changjun , Qi Binbin , Ren Zhizhou , Song Yingpeng , Song Zhaohui , Sun Hong , Sun Kang , Sun Xiaoyang , Sun Zhijia , Tan Zhixin , Tang Hongqing , Tang Jingyu , Tang Xinyi , Tian Binbin , Wang Lijiao , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Qi , Wang Taofeng , Wang Zhaohui , Wen Jie , Wen Zhongwei , Wu Qingbiao , Wu Xiaoguang , Wu Xuan , Xie Likun , Yang Yiwei , Yi Han , Yu Li , Yu Tao , Yu Yongji , Zhang Guohui , Zhang Linhao , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Yubin , Zhou Luping , Zhou Zuying , Zhu Danyang , Zhu Kejun , Zhu Peng , (The CSNS Back-n Collaboration)  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The capture cross sections of the 169Tm

reaction were measured at the back streaming white neutron beam line (Back-n) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) using four C6D6 liquid scintillation detectors. The background subtraction, normalization, and correction were carefully considered in the data analysis to obtain accurate cross sections. For the resonance at 3.9 eV, the R-matrix code SAMMY was used to determine the resonance parameters with the internal normalization method. The average capture cross sections of 169Tm for energy between 30 and 300 keV were extracted relative to the 197Au

reaction. The measured cross sections of the 169Tm

reaction were reported in logarithmically equidistant energy bins with 20 bins per energy decade with a total uncertainty of 5.4% – 7.0% in this study and described in terms of average resonance parameters using a Hauser-Feshbach calculation with fluctuations. The point-wise cross sections and the average resonance parameters showed fair agreement with the evaluated values of the ENDF/B-VIII.0 library in the energy region studied.