bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles in Oncology: from Immune Suppression to Immunotherapy
Authors: Srivastava Akhil , Rathore Shipra , Munshi Anupama , Ramesh Rajagopal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExosomes are involved in cell-to-cell communication and play a crucial role in cellular physiology. The role of exosomes in cancer has been widely explored. Tumor cells have evolved and adapted to evade the immune response. The study of the immune system’s modulations in favor of rogue tumor cells led to the development of a novel immunotherapeutic strategy targeting the immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). In clinical settings, the response to ICP therapy has been inconsistent and is difficult to predict. Quantitating the targeted ICPs through immunohistochemistry is one approach, but is not pragmatic in a clinical setting and is often not sensitive. Examining the molecules present in bodily fluids to determine ICP treatment response, “liquid biopsy” is a convenient alternative. The term “liquid biopsy” refers to circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), non-coding (nc) RNA, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating free DNA (cfDNA), etc. EVs includes exosomes, microvesicles, and oncosomes. Herein, we focus on exosomes isolated from bodily fluids and their use in liquid biopsy. Due to their unique ability to transfer bioactive molecules and perturb the physiology of recipient cells, exosomes have garnered attention for their immune modulation role and as a resource to identify molecules associated with liquid biopsy–based diagnostic methods. In this review, we examine the putative role of exosomes and their cargo in influencing the immune system. We discuss the immune and tumor cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the exosomes derived from these cells to understand how they participate in creating the immune-suppressive TME. Additionally, use of exosomes in liquid biopsy–based methods to measure the treatment response elicited by immunotherapy is discussed. Finally, we describe how exosomes have been used to develop immune therapies, especially cell-free vaccines, for cancer treatment.
Academic Achievement of Children in Same- and Different-Sex-Parented Families: A Population-Level Analysis of Linked Administrative Data From the Netherlands
Authors: Kabátek Jan , Perales Francisco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have examined how children raised in same-sex-parented families fare relative to children in different-sex-parented families, this body of work suffers from major methodological shortcomings. By leveraging linked administrative data from several population registers from the Netherlands covering the 2006–2018 period (n = 1,454,577), we overcome most methodological limitations affecting earlier research. The unique features of the data include complete population coverage, reliable identification of same-sex-parented families, a large number of children in same-sex-parented families (n = 3,006), multiple objective and verifiable educational outcomes, and detailed measures of family dynamics over children's entire life courses. The results indicate that children in same-sex-parented families outperform children in different-sex-parented families on multiple indicators of academic performance, including standardized tests scores, high school graduation rates, and college enrollment. Such advantages extend to both male and female children, and are more pronounced among children in female than male same-sex-parented families. These findings challenge deficit models of same-sex parenting.
The clinical impact of bacterial co-infection among moderate, severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surabaya
Authors: Asmarawati Tri Pudy , Rosyid Alfian Nur , Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Mahdi Bagus Aulia , Windradi Choirina , Wulaningrum Prastuti Asta , Arifijanto Muhammad Vitanata , Bramantono Bramantono , Triyono Erwin Astha , Rusli Musofa , Rachman Brian Eka , Marfiani Erika , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Hadi Usman , Kuntaman Kuntaman , Nasronudin Nasronudin 
Published: February 2021

Background: Data on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections among COVID-19 patients are limited, especially in our country, Indonesia. We aimed to assess the rate of bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and report the most common microorganisms involved and the antibiotic use in these patients. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study with retrospective approach, among COVID-19 adult patients admitted to Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya from 14 March-30 September 2020. The bacterial infection is defined based on clinical assessment, laboratory parameters, and microbiology results. Results: A total of 218 patients with moderate to critical illness and confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. Bacterial infection was confirmed in 43 patients (19.7%). COVID-19 patients with bacterial infections had longer hospital length of stay (17.6 ± 6.62 vs 13.31±7.12), a higher proportion of respiratory failure, intensive care treatment, and ventilator use. COVID-19 patients with bacterial infection had a worse prognosis than those without bacterial infection (p<0.04). The empirical antibiotic was given to 75.2% of the patients. Gram-negative bacteria were commonly found as causative agents in this study (n = 39; 70.37%). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with bacterial infection have a longer length of stay and worse outcomes. Healthcare-associated infections during intensive care treatment for COVID-19 patients must be carefully prevented.
Safe abortion services during the COVID -19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary center in Nepal
Authors: Aryal Shreyashi , Nepal Samata , Ballav Pant Sagun 
Published: February 2021

Background: Abortion is an essential service, the need for which has increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because of the lockdowns at several periods, these services were hampered. This study analyzed the pattern of Safe Abortion Services (SAS) at a tertiary healthcare center during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study. We compared the pattern of safe abortion services between the first three months of the pandemic when a lockdown was implemented and the second three months when the lockdown was eased. Demographic and obstetric profile of women, their abortion choices, method of termination, difficulty in accessibility, and level of psychological distress were studied. Results: A total of 52 women were provided SAS during the study period. The number of women coming for SAS during lockdown was 47.1% less than that after easing of the lockdown. During the lockdown, women came at a later period of gestation with a mean of 9.5 weeks compared to 7.5 weeks in the later three months. Because of fear of COVID-19, 19.2% (n=10) women opted for termination of pregnancy. Increased need of contraception was felt but 40% (n=12) had problems of accessibility. More women had probable serious mental illness during the lockdown period (p=0.008). Conclusion: Lockdown during the pandemic decreased the number of women coming for SAS due to barriers in accessibility. Contraceptive needs are also increased but access is difficult. The need for safe abortion services and contraception has increased during the pandemic but the lockdown caused inaccessibility. Psychological distress is prevalent, and fear of COVID-19 has become a common reason for termination of pregnancy. This pandemic can be taken as an opportunity to provide and improve contraception and abortion accessibility, and quality with integration of mental health support.
Juri Lotman, Gilles Deleuze and their approaches to cinema: Points of intersection
Authors: Konstantinov Mihael 
Published: February 2021

Engaging with the methods of studying contemporary digital audiovisual art is a dominant topic in contemporary theories of art. Against this background, the article offers a view onto some aspects of Juri Lotman’s and Gilles Deleuze’s studies on the cinema.
As a rule, contemporary studies of digital audiovisual art take place in the context of interdisciplinary studies. One of the methodological principles of such studies consists in adopting a structural and semiotic approach. As of today, this methodological approach to studying audio-visual art is most developed in semiotics of the cinema, which is why in this article visual semiotics in general is viewed through semiotics of the cinema (proceeding from the approach of Juri Lotman). Also, the philosophical understanding of the nature of the cinema offered by Gilles Deleuze has proven fundamental for the study of contemporary audio-visual art.
The two authors were contemporaries, but represented different scholarly paradigms: while Juri Lotman was an adherent of structuralism, Gilles Deleuze was a poststructuralist who criticized the structuralist approach. Yet despite this principal difference, both scholars still arrived at similar conclusions as concerns several questions regarding the understanding of the cinema and its very nature. In the present paper I focus on the features of these authors’ approach to spatial and temporal relations in the cinema, audiovisual relations in film as a heterogeneous form of the work of art, virtuality and mythologism in the viewer’s perception of cinema.
The differences and similarities in academic approaches to cinema, developed by Lotman and Deleuze, indicate a common direction in the development of the cinema and visual arts theory, which seems relevant for the study of contemporary audio-visual arts.
Trials and Terminations: Learning from Competitors’ R&D Failures
Authors: Krieger Joshua L. 
Published: February 2021

I analyze project continuation decisions where firms may resolve uncertainty through news about competitors’ research and development (R&D) failures, as well as through their own results. I examine the tradeoffs and interactions between product-market competition and technological learning from parallel R&D projects. Leveraging the biopharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics to overcome barriers to measuring project-level responses, I use a difference-in-differences strategy to evaluate how competitor exit news alters a firm’s own project discontinuation decisions. The findings reveal that technological learning dominates competition effects. Firms are most sensitive to competitor failure news from within the same market and same technology area—more than doubling their propensity to terminate drug development projects in the wake of this type of information. Finally, I explore how levels of competition, uncertainty, and opportunities to learn moderate the response to competitor failure news. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
The Short-Run and Long-Run Components of Idiosyncratic Volatility and Stock Returns
Authors: Liu Yunting 
Published: February 2021

To capture the dynamics of idiosyncratic volatility of stock returns over different horizons and investigate the relationship between idiosyncratic volatility and expected stock returns, this paper develops and estimates a parsimonious model of idiosyncratic volatility consisting of a short-run and a long-run component. The conditional short-run and long-run components are found to be positively and negatively related to expected stock returns, respectively. The positive relation between the short-run component and stock returns may be caused by investors requiring compensation for bearing idiosyncratic volatility risk when facing trading frictions and hold underdiversified portfolios. The negative relationship between the long-run component and stock returns may reflect the fact that stocks with high long-run idiosyncratic volatility are less exposed to systematic risk factors and, hence, earn lower returns. Moreover, the low-risk exposure of stocks characterized by high idiosyncratic volatility lends support to real-option-based mechanisms to explain this negative relation. In particular, the systematic risk of a firm with abundant growth options crucially depends upon the risk exposure of these options. The value of growth options could rise significantly because of convexity when the increase in idiosyncratic volatility occurs over long horizons. And growth options’ systematic risk could fall because the relative magnitude of their value in relation to systematic risk factors decreases.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Correlation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) infertility treatment outcomes and body weight index in women of reproductive age
Authors: Druzhinina A. S. , Vitiazeva I. I. , Dimitrova D. A. 
Published: February 2021

Backgraund: obesity/overweight in women are often the causes of menstrual dysfunction and infertility.Aims: To identify the association between overweight/obesity and IVF outcomes.Materials and methods: retrospective study — data of 1874 patients undergoing IVF in the Endocrinology Research Centre (2012–2019) was analyzed. Exclusion criteria: BMI <18.5 kg/m2, polycystic ovary syndrome, donation of ­oocytes, ectopic pregnancy, fertilization with partner’s epididymal/testicular sperm. The study included 1583 women aged 21–45 years (median 33.0 y.o. [30.0; 37.0], median BMI 23 kg/m2 [20.7; 26.2]). Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA application package (StatSoft). The threshold level of statistical significance is <0.05.Results: Patients were divided into 5 groups (gr.): normal body weight (NBW) - 1061 people (ppl.) (gr. 1), overweight — 368 (gr. 2), class I obesity — 117 (gr. 3), class II obesity — 36 (gr. 4), class III obesity — 1 (gr. 5). In each group, the estimated pregnancy rate (PR) and its outcomes, the frequency of lightweight newborns (body weight at birth <2500g), newborns with NBW (2500-3999g), births with a large fetus (≥4000g) were measured. The PR didn’t differ: 34.6%, 34.5%, 30,7%, 41,7%, respectively, the woman in gr.5 got pregnant. Among 407 (74.4%) singleton pregnancies urgent delivery was registered in 71.91%, 67,57%, 70,83%, 60,0%, gr. 5 — no ­information. Premature birth: 7,66%, 5,41%, 8,33%, 0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 1st trimester: 18,30%, 25,68%, 20,83%, 40,0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 2nd trimester: 2,13%, 1,35% in gr. 2, 3, 4. Lightweight newborns: 8,81%, 11,36%, 6,25%, 0%. Newborns with NBW: 84,91%, 84,09%, 75,0%, 60,0%. Large-childbirth — 6,29%, 4,55%, 18,75%, 40,0%.Conclusions: Correlation analysis of the dependence of PR and its outcomes on the BMI was not revealed (p=0.975 and p=0.469, respectively). Large fetus births were more often detected in obese patients (p=0.0016). A large prospective group is needed to expand the estimated body parameters to the IVF outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF GLYCOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN C TOPICAL IN FRECKLES EFFICACY
Authors: Wignjosoesastro Tiffani Sandradewi , Widyawati Widyawati , Sugianto Rahmat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract Background: Freckles are small dark-spot hyperpigmentation on the face, upper body, and back of the hands. This hyperpigmentation develops as a result of melanocyte activity by the combination of genetic predisposition located on the basal layer and sun exposure. Glycolic acid and vitamin C are widely used as a depigmentation agent. The component of vitamin C is unstable, hence, it is often used more effective when it binds to other depigmentation agents, such as glycolic acid to develop better depigmentationObjective: The aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C in freckles.Methods: True experimental study with one group pre and post-test group design. Fifteen freckles patients with inclusion and exclusion criteria received combination therapy of glycolic acid and vitamin C topical for 30 days. Clinical evaluation using Freckles Refinement Score and photography was recorded before and after therapy. The statistical analyses used was Wilcoxon test.Results: There was a significant value (p = 0.000) for improvement of the Freckles Refinement Score after received the combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C topical.Conclusion: The combination of glycolic acid and vitamin C was effective for Freckles.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN PUSKESMAS (PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER) MASARAN 1 SRAGEN REGENCY
Authors: Munthaha Muhammad Ilham Arifin , Widayati Retno Indar , Afriliana Liza , Candra Aryu 
Published: February 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and residive inflammatory skin disease with mild to severe itching and occurs mostly in infant and children. The cause not certainty known and multifactorial.Objective: This study aims to Know the Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1, Sragen Regency.Method: This study is descriptive with a retrospective cross-sectional design. Secondary data retrieved from medical records atopic dermatitis patients at Puskesmas Masaran 1 in the period 1 January-31 December 2019 with a sample 248 people then analyze using a computer program.Result: The most atopic dermatitis sufferers were the adult age group (151 people), female gender (139 people), not working (96 people), atopic history disease found in 112 patients, site of the most lesions was lower extremities (71 patients), and the choice therapy is polytherapy with three types of drugs in 103 patients. Types of drugs are corticosteroids (224 patients), antihistamines (212 patients), and vitamins/minerals (200 patients).Conclusion: Characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Puskesmas Masaran 1 are the most age group is adults, gender is female, types of work is not working, atopic history is atopic dermatitis, and therapeutic options are corticosteroids, antihistamines, and vitamins/minerals.
Non-invasive attempts to extinguish flames with the use of high-power acoustic extinguisher
Authors: Stawczyk Paweł , Wilk-Jakubowski Jacek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative method of extinguishing of flames using a high-power acoustic extinguisher. This method allows for effective and non-invasive extinguishing of the flames. Experimental results showing the effectiveness of the fire extinguisher for different distances from the flame source and different frequencies of the acoustic wave are discussed. The paper ends with the description of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the proposed fire extinguishing method.
Del silencio a la narración de mujeres en pueblos originarios. Historias de violación
Authors: González Reyes Alba Hortencia 
Published: February 2021

Los relatos de mujeres sobre la traumática experiencia de violencia sexual en su infancia, forman parte del género biográfico de ancianas, mujeres adultas y jóvenes en pueblos originarios del centro norte del estado de Veracruz, México. La violación como trágica herencia interseccional que enmascara vicios privados con virtudes públicas de un deber ser femenino según marca la tradición cultural. Como orientación de sentido se propone en este escrito que, las historias de vida en espacios interculturales son hechos cotidianos que fortalecen una historia de normalización de una sexualidad violenta hacia niñas que legitima prácticas represoras y el silencio social. Género es la herramienta analítica en la historia social que nos permite el examen de las narrativas de historias de vida engarzadas por la impunidad y la violencia, bajo una tolerancia difusa de las normativas tradicionales y gubernamentales.
Palabras clave. Biografía, género, violencia sexual, normativas y tradición.
ПТАШИНІ ЯЙЦЯ З ПОХОВАНЬ КУЛЬТУРИ ЧЕРНЯХІВ − СИНТАНА-ДЕ-МУРЕШ
Authors: Гопкало Оксана , Рудич Тетяна 
Published: February 2021

У роботі проаналізовано дані по одній із груп зооархеологічного матеріалу, а саме − щодо яєць птахів, із поховань культури Черняхів − Синтана-де-Муреш. Пташині яйця трапляються в 111 поховальних комплексах, що становить 2 % загальної кількості введених у науковий обіг поховань культури. У похованнях представлені яйця різних видів птахів, однак переважають курячі. Кількість їх у похованнях коливається від одного до 12, місце розміщення у просторі могили не уніфіковано. Яйця знайдено у похованнях жінок і чоловіків різних вікових груп, але найбільше – у дитячих похованнях. Звичай класти яйця до поховань був поширений у всьому культурному ареалі, однак найбільше їх виявлено в Північному Причорномор’ї. Очевидно, із цим регіоном пов’язано виникнення цієї традиції у черняхівському середовищі. Яйця зафіксовано в могилах від другого етапу існування культури. Найменша їх кількість – у похованнях із західним орієнтуванням, які вважають більш пізніми. У більшості випадків (97 %) яйця знаходять у похованнях із північним орієнтуванням, тому їх не розглядають як частину християнської атрибутики. Традиція класти яйця до поховань, найімовірніше, прийшла з античного середовища, де їх здавна залишали на некрополях. Найбільше яєць у могилах черняхівської культури знайдено саме в регіонах, що межують з античним світом, і там, де у складі населення культури були елліни. Можливо, яйця були не лише напутньою їжею, а й мали певне змістове навантаження (для очищення і як апотропей). Яйце в античному світі було пов’язане з ідеями відродження, безсмертя та воскресіння (через культи Діоніса та Асклепія), які, вочевидь, були затребувані в суспільстві того часу.
Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Berbaju Pancasila, Bernapas Kolonial
Authors: Anwar Mashuril , Fathonah Rini 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The influence of Western values and ideology has infiltrated Indonesia's national legal instruments through deregulations which appear to always be in favor of the investor interest groups. This can of course be seen from the various laws made to protect the interests of capital owners, one of which is Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Job Creation Law). Based on the reasons for considering it, the Job Creation Law was formed to realize the goal of forming the Indonesian state government and to create a prosperous, just, and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. However, if we look closely, the considerations for the formation of the Job Creation Law tend to be economical, not welfare. Keywords: Pancasila, Colonial, Job Creation Act Abstrak: Pengaruh nila-nilai dan ideologi Barat telah meringsek masuk dalam instrumen-instrumen hukum nasional Indonesia melalui deregulasi-deregulasi yang tampak selalu berpihak kepada kelompok kepentingan pemodal. Hal Ini tentunya dapat dilihat dari berbagai undang-undang yang dibuat untuk melindungi kepentingan pemilik modal, salah satunya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU Cipta Kerja). Berdasarkan alasan menimbangnya, UU Cipta kerja dibentuk untuk mewujudkan tujuan pembentukan pemerintah negara Indonesia dan mewujudkan masyarakat yang sejahtera, adil, dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Namun apabila dicermati lebih lanjut, pertimbangan pembentukan UU Cipta Kerja ini cenderung ekonomisentris, bukan kesejahteraan. Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Kolonial, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja