bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anlotinib versus Chemotherapy as a Third-line or Further Treatment for Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Nie Wei , Ling Xuxinyi , Cao Shuhui , Li Jingwen , Zhou Yan , Hua Zhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose The optimal third-line or further treatment for advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear.Anlotinib,which is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor,could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and proliferative signaling.This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of anlotinib versus chemotherapy of patients with advanced SCLC progressing after second-line or further treatment.Methods This study included 55 advanced SCLC patients (n=28 for anlotinib group and n=27 for chemotherapy group) from Shanghai Chest hospital between January 2017 and September 2019.Detailed demographic,survival data,and safety data were collected.Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results PFS was significantly longer in the anlotinib group [median PFS 3.58 versus 2.56 months;hazard ratio (HR)=0.42,95% CI:0.24-0.75,P=0.003] than that in the chemotherapy group.Although anlotinib did not improve OS (median OS 5.32 versus 6.57 months;HR=1.21,95% CI:0.60-2.46,P=0.592),non-smokers derived more survival benefit from anlotinib than ever/current smokers (Pinteraction for OS=0.04).In addition,similar result was found for PFS (Pinteraction for PFS=0.08).Considerable improvement in disease control rate was observed in the anlotinib group over the chemotherapy group.Four (14.3%) patients in the anlotinib group versus five (18.5%) patients in the chemotherapy group had treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events.Conclusion Anlotinib treatment resulted in an improvement of PFS versus chemotherapy in previously treated SCLC,with a favourable safety profile.Non-smoking seemed to be a predictive factor of anlotinib efficacy.Prospective studies were needed to confirm our findings.
Perilipin1 Promotes the Synthesis of Milk Fat by Regulating the Activity of SREBP1 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Yu juan , Wu Xiao hua , Jia Hong ru , Yang Chaoqun , Zhang Li , Zan Linsen , yang wucai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMilk fat content is an important index of milk product quality and one of the main traits of dairy cattle breeding. Perilipin1 is a predominant binding protein that mainly surrounds lipid droplets. Perilipin1 is important in the regulation of lipid metabolism. SREBP1 is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a variety of lipogenic genes and is the main regulator of milk fat synthesis. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of Perilipin1 on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells ( BMECs ). ResultsWe found that the number and volume of lipid droplets increased following periplipin1 overexpression, leading to increased triglyceride accumulation, increased relative expression of lipid synthesis-related genes, decreased expression of lipid lipolysis genes, and increased SREBP1 activity . On the contrary, periplipin1 silencing reduced the number of lipid droplets, inhibited the synthesis of triglycerides, decreased the relative expression of lipid synthesis-related genes, increased the expression of lipid lipolysis genes, and downregulated the activity of SREBPI. ConclusionsPerilipin1 promotes the synthesis of milk fat via up-regulating the activity of SREBP1 in BMECs. These findings laid the foundation for Holstein dairy cows to increase their milk fat content in molecular breeding.
SPP1 Promotes Enzalutamide Resistance and EMT Activation in CRPC Progression via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 Pathways
Authors: Pang Xiaocong , Zhang Junling , He Xu , Gu Yanlun , Yu Wei , Shi Xuedong , Li Teng , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhang Zhuo , Zhou Ying , Cui Yimin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The bottleneck arising from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment is its high metastasis potential and anti-androgen drug resistance, which severely affects survival time of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In our previous study, we firstly revealed SPP1 was a potential hub signature for predicting metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) development. Herein, we integrated multiple databases to explore the association of SPP1 expression with prognosis, survival, metastatic levels in CRPC progression, and also investigated SPP1 expression in PCa tissues and cell lines. Next, PCa cell lines with overexpression or depletion of SPP1 were established to study the effect of SPP1 on enzalutamide sensitivity, and adhesion and migration of prostate cancer cell lines and further explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis, PCR, immunohistochemical staining and western blot results suggested SPP1 upregulation had strong relationship with the malignant progression of CRPC. SPP1 knockdown repressed enzalutamide sensitivity, invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Importantly, upregulating SPP1 promoted, while silencing SPP1 attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Our results further demonstrate that SPP1 overexpression maintains the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling and ERK1/2 pathways. Overall, our findings unraveled the functional role and clinical significance of SPP1 in PCa progression, and help to discover new potential targets against mCRPC.
Mucic Acid Loaded Polyethylenimine@Gold Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cui Yixia , Zhang Junwei , Liu Yanwu , Meng Guolin , Lv Changwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be a common autoimmune disease that involves severe Joint deformation. The main off-target medicines unable to cure RA, that permits associate in nursing infection with the unwellness. The nanomaterials-based RA medical aid is a good strategy to enhance the treatment efficaciousness within the inflammatory region. Specifically, metal-based nanomaterials are a wonderful choice for a possible delivery vehicle for inflammatory disease agents, attributable to their novel properties. Herein, we have got developed a small-sized Polyethylenimine (PEI) coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an average diameter of 80 nm, that area unit used for top loading of carboxylic acid (MA). Various microscopic and qualitative analysis tools like high-resolution transmission microscopy (HR-TEM), Field-emission scanning microscope (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis studies were accustomed to make sure as-made PEI-AuNPs. The invented PEI-coated AuNPs (PEI-AuNPs) exhibited higher contrast with an extended expanse that's promising to store giant amounts of MA medicine. MA is attributed to deduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines and averting undesirable ancient drug aspect effects in Collagen-induced inflammatory disease (CIA). Numerous organic chemistry parameters like weight, hind paw volume, protein estimation, anti-serum protein analysis, and microscopic anatomy examination were conducted in Collagen-induced arthritis mice treated at a dose (10 µg) of MA packed PEI-AuNPs. The obtained results showed the MA-PEI-AuNPs were used with success within the treatment of Collagen-induced arthritis, relative to PEI-AuNPs and MA. Therefore, MA loaded PEI-AuNPs as a stimulating candidate in future RA applications.
Morning Report Goes Virtual: Learner Experiences in a Virtual, Case-Based Diagnostic Reasoning Conference
Authors: Penner John C. , Le Stephenie , Shipley Lindsey C. , Murdock H. Moses , Minter Daniel J. , Nematollahi Saman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Participation in case-based diagnostic reasoning (DR) conferences has previously been limited to those who can attend in-person. Technological advances have enabled these conferences to migrate to virtual platforms, creating an opportunity to improve access and learner participation. We describe the design and evaluation of virtual morning report (VMR), a novel case-based DR conference.Methods: VMR took place on a videoconferencing platform. Participants included health professions students, post-graduate trainees, and practitioners. In designing VMR, we adapted concepts from experience-based learning theory to design opportunities for learner participation. Teaching strategies were informed by information-processing and situativity theories. We evaluated learner experiences in VMR using a survey with open and closed-ended questions. Survey items focused on accessing case-based teaching conferences outside of VMR, participant perceptions of the educational value of VMR, and VMR’s impact on participants’ confidence in performing DR. We used qualitative content analysis to manually code open-ended responses and identify themes. Results: 203 participants (30.2%) completed the survey. 141 respondents (69.5%) did not otherwise have access to a DR conference. The majority of participants reported increased confidence performing DR. Respondents highlighted that VMR supplemented their education, created a supportive learning environment, and offered a sense of community.Conclusions: VMR can expand access to DR education, create new opportunities for learner participation, and improve learner confidence in performing DR.
Extracellular Fluid, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Biomarkers of Axonal and Neuronal Injury Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Tobieson Lovisa , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Marklund Niklas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating form of stroke. To refine treatments, improved understanding of the secondary injury processes is needed. We compared energy metabolic, amyloid and neuroaxonal injury biomarkers in extracellular fluid (ECF) from the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and non-injured (NCX) brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Method: Patients (n=11, age 61 ± 10 years) undergoing ICH surgery received two microdialysis (MD) catheters, one in PHZ, and one in NCX. ECF was analysed at three time intervals within the first 60 hours post- surgery, as were CSF and plasma samples. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) 40 and 42, microtubule associated protein tau (tau), and neurofilament-light (NF-L) were analysed using Single molecule array (Simoa) technology.Results: Median biomarker concentrations were lowest in plasma, higher in ECF and highest in CSF. Biomarker levels varied over time, with different dynamics in the three fluid compartments. In the PHZ, ECF levels of Aβ40 were lower, and tau higher when compared to the NCX.Conclusion: Altered levels of Aβ peptides, NF-L and tau may reflect brain tissue injury following ICH surgery. However, the different biomarker levels, and their dynamics, in the different fluid compartments should be considered when used to monitor ICH patients.
Assessing the Quality of Life Among Pediatric Population After Surgery for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Herdea Alexandru , Adham Charkaoui , Toma Alexandra , Dragomirescu Mihai-Codrut , Pencea Vlad , Ulici Alexandru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Patellofemoral instability is a common cause of knee pathology that is affecting the quality of life among pediatric population. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study, including patients that underwent surgical management by using the Lateral Release and Medial Imbrication approach (LRMI) or Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction (MPFL-R). The purpose of this study was the assessment of the quality of life among pediatric population that underwent surgery for patellar dislocation. The quality of life was evaluated before and after surgery using the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee form (Pedi-IKDC). The postoperative scar was evaluated using The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale. 108 patients were selected and grouped according to the type of procedure. Results: before surgery, the calculated Pedi-IKDC scores were similar between the two groups of patients. We identified substantial improvement in the postoperative score after surgery and the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction technique showed better results. The difference regarding the Pedi-IKDC score between the two groups was significant, in favor of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. By using the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale, an important difference emerged between the two groups of patients in favor of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction technique, revealing that it is a minimally invasive approach, improves recovery, reduces postoperative stay and increases the patients quality of life.Conclusions: This study provides further evidence based results that support the recommendations regarding the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction technique as the gold standard for the patellofemoral instability.Trial registration: The Ethics Committee of „Grigore Alexandrescu” Children’s Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest approved this study on 1st of March 2013. The project code is 7/01.03.2013. An informed parental consent was obtained for every participant.
Effect of different bowling surfaces on bowling speed of pace bowlers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Joshi Ghosha , Sathe Abhinav , Shenoy Shweta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Cricket is a popular game played across many countries in varied playing conditions ranging from ball, bowling surface, outfield and weather. Speed of bowling is a significant factor that can decide result of any match; and therefore, it always attracts sports professionals to study and analyse it in detail.
Methods

This research presents an original field-based study carried out to understand the effect of different bowling surfaces (natural turf and concrete) on bowling speed of 41 fast and medium pace asymptomatic bowlers having no injuries, especially to the shoulder joint and back, during 3 months before participation in this study. This single occasion cross-sectional design study comprised of Physical profile evaluation and Bowling velocity assessment performed with SRA 3000 Tracer Precision Radar gun.
Results

This research discusses the statistical analysis of the observations with the help of mean value, standard deviation and t-value and concludes that the ball speed decreases less after pitching on the cement-based pitch than natural turf. The data signify that on the concrete-based pitch the post pitching speed remains slightly higher and Pitch pace which is difference at 2 ends of the pitch is decreased.
Conclusion

Potential applications of this field research are also presented, which include development of judgement and accurate bat swing according to ball speed; fair degree of confidence in replacing season cricket ball with a tennis ball for practice sessions from the speed point of view and ascertaining the need of safety equipment.
The patients’ perspective on the burden of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Witry Max , Kindler Christine , Weller Johannes , Linder Andreas , Wüllner Ullrich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without evidence of a tumor or any other underlying cause. Headache and visual disturbances are frequent complaints of IIH patients, but little is known about other symptoms. In this study, we evaluated the patients’ perspective on the burden of IIH.
Methods:
For this cross-sectional study, we developed an online survey for patients with IIH containing standardized evaluations of headache (HIT-6), sleep (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale) and depression (MDI) in relation to BMI, lumbar puncture opening pressure (LP OP) and treatment.
Results:
Between December 2019 and February 2020, 306 patients completed the survey. 285 (93%) were female, mean age was 36.6 years (± 10.8), mean BMI 34.2 (± 7.3) and mean LP OP at diagnosis was 37.8 cmH2O (± 9.5). 219 (72%) of the participants were obese (BMI ≥ 30); 251 (82%) reported severe impacting headaches, 140 (46%) were suffering from sleep disturbances and 169 (56%) from depression. Higher MDI scores correlated with higher BMI and increased sleep disturbances. Patients with a normalized LP opening pressure reported less headaches, less sleep disturbances and less depression than those with a constantly elevated opening pressure.
Conclusion:
In addition to headaches and visual disturbances, sleep disturbances and depression are frequent symptoms in IIH and contribute to the patients’ burden. Structured questionnaires can help to identify IIH patients’ needs and can lead to personalized and better treatment.
Unconventional reconciliation path for quantum mechanics and general relativity
Authors: Yuguru Samuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Physics in general is successfully governed by quantum mechanics at the microscale and principles of relativity at the macroscale. Any attempts to unify them using conventional methods have somewhat remained elusive for nearly a century up to the present stage. Here in this study, a classical gedanken experiment of electron-wave diffraction of a single slit is intuitively examined for its quantized states. A unidirectional monopole field as quanta of the electric field is pictorially conceptualized into 4D space-time. Its application towards quantum mechanics and general relativity in accordance with existing knowledge in physics paves an alternative path towards their reconciliation process. This assumes a multiverse at a hierarchy of scales with gravity localized to a body into space. Principles of special relativity are then sustained along inertia frames of extra dimensions within the proposed model. Such descriptions provide an approximate intuitive tool to examine physics in general from alternative perspectives using conventional methods and this warrants further investigations.
The polymorphism nt 76 in exon 2 of SC is more frequent in Whites than in Blacks
Authors: Fuchisawa A. , Lomas-Francis C. , Hue-Roye K. , Reid M.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Scianna blood group system comprises seven antigens encoded by alternative forms of SC. The SC gene also has two polymorphisms in the leader sequence, at nucleotides 54 (C/T, silent) and 76 (C/T, 26His/Tyr) in exon 2, which are not involved in expression of blood group antigens. The nucleotide change at position 76 has an Nla III restriction enzyme site; thus, DNA samples from 100 Caucasians and 100 African Americans were analyzed for the SC nucleotide 76 change. DNA from Caucasian and African American donors was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the restriction enzyme Nla III. In selected samples, sequencing of exon 2 was performed. PCR-RFLP results for samples from 100 donors (mostly Caucasian) and 100 African American donors (400 alleles) showed the nucleotide 76T variant had a prevalence of 25 percent in Whites and 5 percent in African Americans. In 11 samples (2 C/C, 3 C/T, and 6 T/T) sequencing of exon 2 confirmed the presence of the expected nucleotides at position 76. The allele frequency in Caucasians was 0.75 for nt76C and 0.25 for nt76T. In African Americans, the frequencies were, respectively, 0.95 and 0.05.
Immunohematology

2009;25:18–19.
Development and validation of a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for anti-IgA
Authors: Rumilla K.M. , Winters J.L. , Peterman J.M. , Jedynak E.A. , Homburger H.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Anti-IgA may cause anaphylactic transfusion reactions in IgA-deficient individuals. Testing for IgG anti-IgA is useful to identify persons at risk. This report describes an immunoassay for anti-IgA that uses polyclonal IgA coupled to fluorescent microspheres as an immunosorbent. Anti-IgA is detected by phycoerythrin-labeled anti-IgG. The assay is calibrated in arbitrary units by use of a serum that contains anti-IgA. Dose-response studies with sera that contain anti-IgA showed positive responses at dilutions up to 32-fold greater than the dilution used to test patients’ samples. Inhibition studies with purified IgA and IgA-deficient serum showed no inhibition with IgA-deficient serum and complete inhibition with soluble IgA. Clinical tests performed in more than 90 assays had a CV of 13.6 percent for measurements of an internal positive control. The fluorescent immunoassay method is rapid, reproducible, and sensitive to low concentrations of IgG anti-IgA.
Immunohematology

2009;25:24–28.
A simple screening assay for the most common JK*0 alleles revealed compound heterozygosity in Jk(a–b–) probands from Guam
Authors: Wester E.S. , Gustafsson J. , Snell B. , Spruell P. , Hellberg Å. , Olsson M.L. , Storry J.R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Jk(a–b–) phenotype results from alterations in the JK gene and is characterized by absence of the RBC urea transporter in the cell membrane. The frequency of Jk(a–b–) varies among populations, but this phenotype is most commonly found in people of Polynesian and Finnish descent. Although rare, Jk(a–b–) individuals present a clinical challenge because anti-Jk3 is produced readily in response to transfusion and pregnancy, and Jk(a–b–) blood is not routinely available. Identification of Jk(a–b–) patients and donors is most often performed serologically. However, ten JK*0 alleles have been identified, and this information can be used in DNA-based typing. We selected five JK*0 alleles that had been encountered by our reference laboratory in two or more samples from unrelated individuals and designed an allele-specific primer PCR assay for use as an initial screening tool. After in-house validation, we tested genomic DNA from a family: a mother and her two sons referred to us for genetic investigation of their Jk(a–b–) phenotypes. Two different nucleotide substitutions, –1g>a in intron 5 (IVS5) and 956C>T in exon 10, originally associated with Polynesian and Indian/African populations respectively, were identified in the family. The mother and one son were compound heterozygotes, and the second son was homozygous for IVS5– 1g>a. We conclude that the effort to design and validate such a screening assay was cost-efficient when compared with DNA sequencing costs. Furthermore, selection of the more common JK*0 mutations was a practical approach that resulted in rapid identification of the genetic bases behind the Jk(a–b–) phenotypes in this unusual family. Although an obvious target for eventual inclusion into high-throughput genotyping platforms for clinical diagnostic services, current systems are very limited. Our approach provides a simple and inexpensive method for the identification of these rare alleles.
Immunohematology 2009;25:165–169.