Abstract PR008: Tumor-cell-intrinsic transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of EGFR underlies the heterogeneity of immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Jinyang , Yuan Salina , Norgard Robert , Yan Fangxue , Blanco Andres , Stanger Ben 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resistance to immunotherapy is a major problem of current clinical care for cancer patients. While T cell abundance is essential for tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy, factors that dictate T cell infiltration in tumor microenvironments are not fully understood. To understand the tumor-cell-intrinsic factors underlying the heterogeneity of tumor immunity and sensitivity to immunotherapy, we established a new experimental system by generating a library of congenic pancreatic tumor cell clones from a genetic mouse model driven by mutant Kras and p53. These tumor cell clones robustly formed implanted tumors that recapitulated T-cell-inflamed and non-T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments, associated with distinct patterns of infiltration by T cells and myeloid cells. We found that the non-T-cell-inflamed phenotype was dominant over the T-cell-inflamed phenotype in the local tumor microenvironment. An integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis revealed that tumor-cell-intrinsic expression of CXCL1, EPHA2, PTGS2, and USP22 as determinants of the non-T-cell-inflamed microenvironment, and ablation of tumor-cell-intrinsic CXCL1, EPHA2, PTGS2, or USP22 promoted T cell infiltration and sensitivity to a combination of chemotherapies, CD40 agonist, and checkpoint blockades. Furthermore, we performed an in vivo CRISPR-based genetic screen to identify tumor cell intrinsic epigenetic regulators of anti-tumor immunity and discovered novel therapeutic opportunities to improve the efficacy of currently developed immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we identified lysine demethylase 3A (KDM3A) as a potent epigenetic regulator of immunotherapy response in PDA. Mechanistically, KDM3A acts through Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) and SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) to regulate the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ablation of KDM3A, KLF5, SMAD4, or EGFR in tumor cells altered the immune TME and sensitized tumors to combination immunotherapy, while treatment of established tumors with an EGFR inhibitor erlotinib prompted a dose-dependent increase in intratumoral T cells. This study defines an epigenetic-transcriptional mechanism by which tumor cells modulate their immune microenvironment and highlights the potential of EGFR inhibitors as immunotherapy sensitizers in PDA. Together, these results demonstrated that heterogeneity of tumor immune phenotypes is driven by tumor-cell-intrinsic factors, including epigenetic factors, that can be manipulated to influence the outcome of immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Jinyang Li, Salina Yuan, Robert Norgard, Fangxue Yan, Andres Blanco, Ben Stanger. Tumor-cell-intrinsic transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of EGFR underlies the heterogeneity of immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR008.