bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation, environmental identity and stages of change: An application to a wildlife trust
Authors: Wells Victoria K. , Forbes Sarah , Powell Madeline , O'Reilly Daragh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing a quantitative survey approach, cluster analysis is used to assess the relevant target segments of a wildlife trust to develop a consumer‐focused marketing strategy. Using environmental identity and stages of change, the paper identifies and examines a number of clusters for both members and non‐members and segments the trust's target audience, providing valuable insights into the character and behaviour of each segment and their openness to different activities. It provides practical recommendations as to which specific groups would be most valuable to target for the trust as well as the potential messages and marketing strategies which be most successful in engaging these groups.
Biodiversity disclosure, sustainable development and environmental initiatives: Does board gender diversity matter?
Authors: Carvajal Mariela , Nadeem Muhammad , Zaman Rashid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModern‐day corporations are under intense stakeholder pressure to incorporate environmentalism, particularly biodiversity initiatives, into their business strategy. Building on upper echelon and gender socialization theories, we investigate the effect of board gender diversity (BGD) on the biodiversity initiatives undertaken by firms for the restoration and rehabilitation of damaged ecosystems and/or to minimize their environmental impacts. Using data on 2406 US firms covered in the ASSET4 database for the period 2002–2018 (15,337 firm‐year observations), we document a significant positive association between BGD and both biodiversity restoration protection and impact reduction initiatives. Our findings are consistent for exploitative and nonexploitative industries, as well as for the pre‐ and post‐UN resolution on conservation of biodiversity periods. We further develop a causal relationship through the positive impact of BGD on management environment training and environmental partnerships—possible mechanisms by which BGD may impact biodiversity initiatives. The results suggest that BGD is vital for developing strategies concerning the restoration, protection and impact reduction of biodiversity and ecosystems. Our findings are of interest to legislators and regulators who are interested in assessing biodiversity initiatives, improving environmental policies and promoting gender diversity in company director boards.
Long‐Term Behavior of Fuel Vapor Retaining Systems for Biofuels (E0, E10) Part 1: Regeneration with Dry Flushing Nitrogen
Authors: Göbel M. Ulrich , Keller Jürgen U. , Meller Karl , Schmitz Ingo , Seeger Thomas , Schieferstein Eva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeit 2011 werden dem fossilen Ottokraftstoff 5 bis 10 Vol.‐% Bioethanol beigemischt. Um den Einfluss des Ethanol‐Zusatzes auf die Funktionstüchtigkeit der Aktivkohlefilter von Kraftstoffdampfrückhaltesystemen untersuchen zu können, wurde eine spezielle Versuchsanlage konzipiert. Mit ihr sind Langzeitmessungen über mehrere Wochen möglich, so dass das Ad‐ und Desorptionsverhalten der Aktivkohlefilter detailliert erfasst werden kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigen bei Regeneration mit trockenem Spül‐Stickstoff deren Langzeittauglichkeit. Das dabei gewonnene Grundverständnis könnte den mit Ethanolblends und feuchtem Regenerationsfluid verstärkten Ausfall der Filter erklären.
Adaptive Sampling of Dynamic Systems for Generation of Fast and Accurate Surrogate Models
Authors: Talis Torben , Weigert Joris , Esche Erik , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor economic nonlinear model predictive control and dynamic real‐time optimization fast and accurate models are necessary. Consequently, the use of dynamic surrogate models to mimic complex rigorous models is increasingly coming into focus. For dynamic systems, the focus so far had been on identifying a system's behavior surrounding a steady‐state operation point. In this contribution, we propose a novel methodology to adaptively sample rigorous dynamic process models to generate a dataset for building dynamic surrogate models. The goal of the developed algorithm is to cover an as large as possible area of the feasible region of the original model. To demonstrate the performance of the presented framework it is applied on a dynamic model of a chlor‐alkali electrolysis.
Gesche Gottfrieds Mäusebutter
Authors: Strey Karsten 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungHistorisch ist Arsenik das vielleicht bekannteste Mordgift überhaupt. Die Geschichte der vielfachen Giftmörderin Gesche Gottfried gehört zu den spektakulärsten Kriminalfällen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Arsenverbindungen können im Körper eine Vielzahl von chemischen Reaktionen eingehen. Die direkte Giftwirkung wird beim As(III) durch Reaktion mit Thiol‐Gruppen verursacht, während beim As(V) der Phosphat‐Stoffwechsel und damit der Energiestoffwechsel behindert wird. Durch jahrelange Aufnahme von Arsen werden die DNA‐Reparaturprozesse behindert, was zu einer erhöhten Krebshäufigkeit führt. Die komplexen toxikologischen Mechanismen sind aber bis heute nicht restlos aufgeklärt.
Students‘ difficulties arising from mathematical modelling in Physical Chemistry
Authors: Komor Ines , van Vorst Helena , Sumfleth Elke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSymbolisch‐mathematische Modelle und der Prozess des mathematischen Modellierens sind bei der Bearbeitung von typischen mathematikbasierten Aufgaben aus der Physikalischen Chemie von großer Bedeutung. Hiermit haben aber Studierende häufig große Schwierigkeiten, ohne dass die Ursachen dafür bisher detailliert beschrieben werden können. Zur näheren Untersuchung der schwierigkeitserzeugenden Parameter wurden Studierendeninterviews (N=10) durchgeführt. Als Interviewleitfaden wurden drei typische Aufgabenstellungen verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse der Interviews werden im Rahmen dieses Artikels vorgestellt und mit Blick auf die (Um‐)Gestaltung von Lerngelegenheiten diskutiert. Hierbei kommt insbesondere dem Schritt des Mathematisierens, also der Entwicklung eines mathematischen Modells, eine besondere Rolle zu.
The Tien Shan vole (Microtus ilaeus; Rodentia: Cricetidae) as a new species in the Late Pleistocene of Europe
Authors: Baca Mateusz , Popović Danijela , Lemanik Anna , Fewlass Helen , Talamo Sahra , Zima Jan , Ridush Bogdan , Popov Vasil , Nadachowski Adam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrey voles (subgenus Microtus) represent a complex of at least seven closely related and partly cryptic species. The range of these species extends from the Atlantic to the Altai Mountains, but most of them occur east of the Black Sea. Using ancient DNA analyses of the Late Pleistocene specimens, we identified a new mtDNA lineage of grey voles in Europe. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences from 23 voles from three caves, namely, Emine–Bair–Khosar (Crimea, Ukraine), Cave 16 (Bulgaria), and Bacho Kiro (Bulgaria), showed that 14 specimens form a previously unrecognized lineage, sister to the Tien Shan vole. The average sequence divergence of this lineage and the extant Tien Shan vole was 4.8%, which is similar to the divergence of grey vole forms, which are considered distinct species or being on the verge of speciation; M. arvalis and M. obscurus or M. mystacinus and M. rossiaemeridionalis. We estimated the time to the most recent common ancestor of the grey voles to be 0.66 Ma, which is over twice the recent estimates, while the divergence of the extant Tien Shan vole and the new lineage to be 0.29 Ma. Our discovery suggests that grey voles may have been more diversified in the past and that their ranges may have differed substantially from current ones. It also underlines the utility of ancient DNA to decipher the evolutionary history of voles.
Connectivity and directionality in estuarine channel networks
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Addink Elisabeth A. , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryEstuaries host channel networks that can range from meandering single‐thread channels to complex channel networks comprising looping, branching, and offshoot structures through which water, sediment, and nutrients are transported in both the flood and ebb directions. In this article, we use graph theory to quantify the structural and dynamical connectivity of multidirectional estuarine channel networks using network analysis techniques rooted in graph theory that have proven useful for quantifying connectivity in river deltas. Networks from several estuaries around the world are extracted from satellite imagery and compared to a set of schematized networks that represent the end‐member of the channel network structure and dynamics found in estuaries. Higher levels of structural connectivity are found for larger networks, which points to increased predilection for looping structures in networks with large numbers of channels. The real‐world network structures contain signatures of both mutually evasive flood and ebb channels that typify alluvial estuaries, but also contain branching structures as either bifurcating delta‐like structures or converging tidal patterns. The level of dynamical connectivity is modulated by flow direction through the network, with flood direction fluxes more broadly distributed throughout the network and fluxes in the ebb direction tending to be more localized. Analysis of dynamical connectivity also reveals a tidal asymmetry indicative of fluxes in flood–ebb dominant channels in estuaries. This study provides implications for understanding the self‐organization of estuarine channel networks on which fluxes are partitioned through estuaries in the flood and ebb directions, and establishes a benchmark for analyzing multidirectional channel networks using graph theory.
Musical memories in newborns: A resting‐state functional connectivity study
Authors: Loukas Serafeim , Lordier Lara , Meskaldji Djalel‐Eddine , Filippa Manuela , Sa de Almeida Joana , Van De Ville Dimitri , Hüppi Petra S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMusic is known to induce emotions and activate associated memories, including musical memories. In adults, it is well known that music activates both working memory and limbic networks. We have recently discovered that as early as during the newborn period, familiar music is processed differently from unfamiliar music. The present study evaluates music listening effects at the brain level in newborns, by exploring the impact of familiar or first‐time music listening on the subsequent resting‐state functional connectivity in the brain. Using a connectome‐based framework, we describe resting‐state functional connectivity (RS‐FC) modulation after music listening in three groups of newborn infants, in preterm infants exposed to music during their neonatal‐intensive‐care‐unit (NICU) stay, in control preterm, and full‐term infants. We observed modulation of the RS‐FC between brain regions known to be implicated in music and emotions processing, immediately following music listening in all newborn infants. In the music exposed group, we found increased RS‐FC between brain regions known to be implicated in familiar and emotionally arousing music and multisensory processing, and therefore implying memory retrieval and associative memory. We demonstrate a positive correlation between the occurrence of the prior music exposure and increased RS‐FC in brain regions implicated in multisensory and emotional processing, indicating strong engagement of musical memories; and a negative correlation with the Default Mode Network, indicating disengagement due to the aforementioned cognitive processing. Our results describe the modulatory effect of music listening on brain RS‐FC that can be linked to brain correlates of musical memory engrams in preterm infants.
Molecular Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment to Assess the Effects of Locoregional Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Quan , Chen Austin Z. , Jia Guorong , Li Jindian , Zheng Chuansheng , Chen Kai 
Published: November 2021

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Among all primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type, representing 75%‐85% of all primary liver cancer cases. Median survival following diagnosis of HCC is approximately 6 to 20 months due to late diagnosis in its course and few effective treatment options. Interventional therapy with minimal invasiveness is recognized as a promising treatment for HCC. However, due to the heterogeneity of HCC and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the long‐term efficacy of treatment for HCC remains a challenge in the clinic. Tumor microenvironment, including factors such as hypoxia, angiogenesis, low extracellular pH, interstitial fluid pressure, aerobic glycolysis, and various immune responses, has emerged as a key contributor to tumor residual and progression after locoregional treatment for HCC. New approaches to noninvasively assess the treatment response and assist in the clinical decision‐making process are therefore urgently needed. Molecular imaging tools enabling such an assessment may significantly advance clinical practice by allowing real‐time optimization of treatment protocols for the individual patient. This review discusses recent advances in the application of molecular imaging technologies for noninvasively assessing changes occurring in the microenvironment of HCC after locoregional treatment.
The potential role of lysergic acid diethylamide for psychological assisted therapy: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials in healthy volunteers
Authors: Li Hang , Zhong Yi , Yang Siyuan , Wang Jiahe , Li Xiang , Xu Jianguo , Gao Heng , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, interest in using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in psychiatric research and corresponding therapy has increased rapidly. In this meta‐analysis, we explored the effects of LSD on healthy subjects with respect to subjective drug effects, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and side effects.MethodPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2010 to December 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of LSD in healthy people. Subsequently, 5 RCTs with 132 healthy people which focused on the effects of LSD were enrolled in our study.ResultWe found that taking 50, 100 and 200 mcg LSD doses were associated with a significant increase in the maximal difference from the baseline compared to the placebo group among the outcomes of AMRS (Adjective Mood Rating Scale) score. Significant differences existed between the LSD and placebo groups when taking 100 and 200 mcg LSD in acute adverse effects (100 mcg: SMD = .97, 95% confidence interval [CI], .50, 1.44, Z = 4.04, p < .001; 200 mcg: SMD = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.65, 1.72, Z = 4.32, p < .001).ConclusionsMeta‐analysis of the subjective effects of LSD in healthy people revealed moderate significant effect sizes in favor of LSD with no significant adverse effects. A 100 mcg dose of LSD has potential for use in psychological‐assisted therapy and may improve the mental fitness of patients with disease‐related psychiatric distress. Additional clinical trials are necessary to explore the efficacy and safety of LSD as a psychological‐assisted therapy.
The effect of midbond functions on interaction energies computed using MP2 and CCSD(T)
Authors: Matveeva Regina , Falck Erichsen Merete , Koch Henrik , Høyvik Ida‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article we use MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations for the A24 and S66 data sets to explore how midbond functions can be used to generate cost effective counterpoise corrected supramolecular interaction energies of noncovalent complexes. We use the A24 data set to show that the primary role of midbond functions is not to approach the complete basis set limit, but rather to ensure a balanced description of the molecules and the interaction region (unrelated to the basis set superposition error). The need for balance is a consequence of using atom centered basis sets. In the complete basis set limit, the error will disappear, but reaching the complete basis set limit is not feasible beyond small systems. For S66 we investigate the need for increasing the number of midbond centers. Results show that adding a second midbond center increases the accuracy, but the effect is secondary to changing the atom centered basis set. Further, by comparing calculations using the 3s3p2d1f1g midbond set with using aug‐cc‐pVDZ and aug‐cc‐pVTZ as midbond sets, we see that the requirements for the midbond set to be effective, is not just that it contains diffuse functions, but also that high angular momentum functions are included. By comparing two approaches for placing midbond centers we show that results are not particularly sensitive to placement as long as the placement is reasonable.
Myosteatosis as an independent risk factor for mortality after kidney allograft transplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morel Antoine , Ouamri Yaniss , Canouï‐Poitrine Florence , Mulé Sébastien , Champy Cécile Maud , Ingels Alexandre , Audard Vincent , Luciani Alain , Grimbert Philippe , Matignon Marie , Pigneur Frédéric , Stehlé Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with end‐stage renal disease may display both a loss of skeletal muscle mass and an increase in muscle fat deposits. We aimed to analyse the impact of low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, surrogate marker of sarcopenia) and low muscle density (MD, surrogate marker of myosteatosis) on patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT).MethodsIn a retrospective cohort of 200 kidney transplant recipients (KTr), we measured on an unenhanced cross‐sectional computed tomography scan taken at the level of the third lumbar vertebra within the previous year or at the time of KT, both SMI (muscle cross‐sectional area normalized for height2, reported in cm2/m2) and MD (mean attenuation of muscle cross‐sectional area, expressed in Hounsfield units). We determined age‐specific and sex‐specific normality thresholds on 130 healthy subjects. The baseline factors associated with low MD were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Cox proportional hazard univariable and multivariable models were constructed to identify predictive factors of patient survival.ResultsAmong the 200 patients of the cohort, 123 were male (62%), and mean age was 54.8 ± 13.8 years. A total of 181 KTr required renal replacement therapy before KT (91%), and 36 KTr (18%) received repeat kidney transplant after previous failed KT. Mean MD was 30.6 ± 9 HU in men and 29.7 ± 8.3 HU in women, whereas SMI was 49.7 ± 8.6 cm2/m2 in men and 42.3 ± 7.3 cm2/m2 in women. MD was below the 2.5th percentile for the healthy population in 49 KTr (25%), defining the myosteatosis group, while SMI was below the 2.5th percentile for the reference population in 10 KTr (5%). Independent risk factors for myosteatosis were two or more KT [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.22–12.4, P = 0.0001], a history of stroke (aOR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.30–10.7, P = 0.015), and body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (aOR 2.94, 95% CI: 1.4–6.18, P = 0.004). Myosteatosis was independently associated with mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.12, 95% CI: 1.06–4.24, P = 0.033], as were cardiovascular disease (HR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.02–4.15, P = 0.043) and age (aHR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09, P = 0.0003). Low SMI was not associated with mortality.ConclusionsMyosteatosis, which was more prevalent than low skeletal muscle mass, might be an important prognostic marker in patients undergoing KT.
Noble metals doped tin dioxide for sodium hypochlorite synthesis from low concentrated NaCl solutions
Authors: Shmychkova Olesia , Girenko Dmitry , Velichenko Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCreation of anode materials with high selectivity to the target process is the main problem in low concentration sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. A specificity of such solutions is the achievement of high potentials at which the anodes traditionally used for the synthesis of chlorine [rutile oxide/titania (RuO2‐TiO2)] are destroyed. The main aim of the work concerns the eveluation of the effect of platinum (Pt) group metals in a tin oxide (SnO2) matrix on the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity in reactions of the synthesis of sodium hypochlorite and chlorate (NaClO and NaClO3) and oxygen (O2) evolution.RESULTSIt was revealed that palladium (Pd) in oxide Ti/SnO2‐Pd and Ti/SnO2‐Pt‐Pd coatings existed in the PdO form, which has a high affinity for hydroxylation. Electrocatalytic activity of coatings in anode processes in low concentrated chloride‐containing solutions would be determined by the bond strength of chemisorbed with the surface O‐containing particles. Participation in the process of Cl‐ oxidation of labile O‐containing particles increased the rate of formation of NaClO and led to inhibition of adverse reactions of O2 evolution and synthesis of chlorates and chlorites.CONCLUSIONA correlation between the selectivity of formation of NaClO and NaClO3, and the activity of the catalyst in the O2 evolution reaction is proposed. Significant formation of chlorates occurred only at the anodes, where in 1 mol L–1 HClO4 the O2 evolution potential was >1.58 V. Parameters influencing the electrocatalytic activity and selectivity of electrode materials in the target process were proposed based on this dependence. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Does workfare work? India's employment guarantee during COVID‐19
Authors: Narayanan Sudha , Oldiges Christian , Saha Shree 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs many other countries, India leverages on a pre‐existing workfare programme as a COVID‐19 response. We combine monthly administrative data with migration and poverty statistics and provide four insights on the recent expansion of the programme. First, poorer districts include more households, that is, increasing extensive margin. Second, in districts with a high proportion of return migrants, there is no increase, and third, unmet demand for work is higher than the national average of 22.7%. Fourth, despite the expansion, the programme provided just 13.5 days per rural household. The programme requires attention to fulfil its promise as a credible safety net.
The balance between positive and negative affect in employee well‐being
Authors: Yoon David J. , Bono Joyce E. , Yang Tao , Lee KiYoung , Glomb Theresa M. , Duffy Michelle K. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWe examine the effects of the balance between positive and negative affect experienced at work on well‐being outcomes. An extensive literature on affect balance suggests that it is not only positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) alone that affect well‐being; rather it is the balance between them that matters. We use experience sampling methods and polynomial regression to test the notion that daily PA and NA at work, along with their interactive and nonlinear effects, predict employee well‐being after work. In a sample of working adults, we find that affect balance—the dynamic interplay between daily PA and NA—at work was differentially associated with various indices of well‐being: PA, NA, and the interaction between them predicted physical and mental health. Affect balance at work also predicted life satisfaction, but only for those low on trait affect balance. Detailed examination of the joint effects of PA, NA, and the balance between them reveals that high PA at work is most important for life satisfaction, whereas both low NA and high PA are important for health. Low NA plays an especially important role in physical health.