bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive intervention for prevention of adolescent suicidal behavior after hospitalization: a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial
Authors: Czyz Ewa K. , King Cheryl A. , Prouty David , Micol Valerie J. , Walton Maureen , Nahum‐Shani Inbal 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe need for effective interventions for psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents who have varying levels of postdischarge suicide risk calls for personalized approaches, such as adaptive interventions (AIs). We conducted a nonrestricted pilot Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART) to guide the development of an AI targeting suicide risk after hospitalization.MethodsAdolescent inpatients (N = 80; ages 13–17; 67.5% female) were randomized in Phase 1 to a Motivational Interview‐Enhanced Safety Plan (MI‐SP), delivered during hospitalization, alone or in combination with postdischarge text‐based support (Texts). Two weeks after discharge, participants were re‐randomized in Phase 2 to added telephone booster calls or to no calls. Mechanisms of change were assessed with daily diaries for four weeks and over a 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03838198).ResultsProcedures were feasible and acceptable. Mixed effects models indicate that adolescents randomized to MI‐SP + Texts (Phase 1) and those randomized to booster calls (Phase 2) experienced significant improvement in daily‐level mechanisms, including safety plan use, self‐efficacy to refrain from suicidal action, and coping by support seeking. Those randomized to MI‐SP + Texts also reported significantly higher coping self‐efficacy at 1 and 3 months. Although exploratory, results were in the expected direction for MI‐SP + Texts, versus MI‐SP alone, in terms of lower risk of suicide attempts (Hazard ratio = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.06, 1.48) and suicidal behavior (Hazard ratio = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.10, 1.37) three months after discharge. Moreover, augmentation with booster calls did not have an overall meaningful impact on suicide attempts (Hazard ratio = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.17, 3.05) or suicidal behavior (Hazard ratio = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.23, 2.67); however, boosters benefited most those initially assigned to MI‐SP + Texts.ConclusionsThe current SMART was feasible and acceptable for the purpose of informing an AI for suicidal adolescents, warranting additional study. Findings also indicate that postdischarge text‐based support offers a promising augmentation to safety planning delivered during hospitalization.
Associations between physiological and neural measures of sensory reactivity in youth with autism
Authors: Jung Jiwon , Zbozinek Tomislav D. , Cummings Kaitlin K. , Wilhelm Frank H. , Dapretto Mirella , Craske Michelle G. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Green Shulamite A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) commonly show sensory over‐responsivity (SOR), an impairing condition related to over‐reactive brain and behavioral responses to aversive stimuli. While individuals with ASD often show atypically high physiological arousal, it is unclear how this relates to sensory reactivity. We therefore investigated how physiological arousal relates to brain and behavioral indices of SOR, to inform understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying SOR and to determine whether physiological measures are associated with SOR‐related brain responses.MethodsYouth aged 8–18 (49 ASD; 30 age‐ and performance‐IQ‐matched typically developing (TD)) experienced mildly aversive tactile and auditory stimuli first during functional magnetic resonance imaging (N = 41 ASD, 26 TD) and then during skin conductance (SCR) (N = 48 ASD, 28 TD) and heart rate (HR) measurements (N = 48 ASD, 30 TD). Parents reported on their children’s SOR severity.ResultsAutism Spectrum Disorder youth overall displayed greater SCR to aversive sensory stimulation than TD youth and greater baseline HR. Within ASD, higher SOR was associated with higher mean HR across all stimuli after controlling for baseline HR. Furthermore, the ASD group overall, and the ASD‐high‐SOR group in particular, showed reduced HR deceleration/greater acceleration to sensory stimulation compared to the TD group. Both SCR and HR were associated with brain responses to sensory stimulation in regions previously associated with SOR and sensory regulation.ConclusionsAutism Spectrum Disorder youth displayed heightened physiological arousal to mildly aversive sensory stimulation, with HR responses in particular showing associations with brain and behavioral measures of SOR. These results have implications for using psychophysiological measures to assess SOR, particularly in individuals with ASD who cannot undergo MRI.
Radiofrequency ablation versus stereotactic body radiation therapy for small (≤ 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective comparison analysis
Authors: Jeong Yuri , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee So Jung , Shin Yong Moon , Kim Min‐Ju , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee Han Chu , Jung Jinhong , Park Jin‐hong , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim So Yeon , Yoon Sang Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWe compared the clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in small (≤ 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsA total of 266 patients treated with RFA (n = 179) or SBRT (n = 87) were reviewed. Local control rates (LCRs), intrahepatic recurrence‐free survival (IHRFS) rates, and overall survival (OS) rates were compared. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for imbalances in baseline characteristics between the two groups.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 50.3 months, and treatment method (RFA vs SBRT) was not a significant prognostic factor for LCR, OS, and IHRFS in both multivariate and IPTW‐adjusted analyses. The 4‐year LCRs after RFA and SBRT were 92.7% and 95.0%, respectively. Perivascular location was a significant prognostic factor for LCR in the entire patients and in the RFA group, but not in the SBRT group. The 4‐year OS rates in the RFA and SBRT groups were 78.1% and 64.1%, respectively (P = 0.012). After IPTW adjustment, the 4‐year LCRs (90.6% vs 96.3%) and OS rates (71.8% vs 70.2%) were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of grade ≥ 3 adverse events was 0.6% (n = 1) in the RFA group and 1.1% (n = 1) in the SBRT group.ConclusionsThe two treatment methods showed comparable outcomes in terms of LCR, OS rate, and IHRFS rate after IPTW adjustment. SBRT seems to be a viable alternative method for small hepatocellular carcinomas that are not suitable for RFA due to tumor location.
Factors associated with inaccurate size estimation of colorectal polyps: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Horimatsu Takahiro , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Teramoto Akira , Hirata Daizen , Iwatate Mineo , Tanaka Shinwa , Ikezawa Nobuaki , Esaki Masaya , Osera Shozo , Ebisutani Chikara , Agatsuma Nobukazu , Saito Hiroaki , Sano Yasushi , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAccurate polyp size estimation is essential in deciding the therapeutic strategy of colorectal polyps and endoscopic surveillance intervals. However, many endoscopists frequently make incorrect size estimations without being aware of their errors. This cross‐sectional study aimed to clarify the characteristics of endoscopists associated with inaccurate estimation.MethodsWe previously conducted a web trial involving 261 endoscopists in 51 institutions in Japan to assess their ability to estimate polyp size. Participants answered questions about polyp size using visual estimates in a test involving images of 30 polyps. Here, we investigated the relationships between inaccurate size estimation and the backgrounds of participants. The rates of overestimation and underestimation of polyp size were also compared to clarify any trends in the answers of participants with low accuracy (< 50%).ResultsMultivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of colonoscopic procedures in the past year was the only factor associated with a low accuracy of polyp size estimation (odds ratio 0.750, 95% confidence interval 0.609–0.925; P = 0.007). Endoscopists with low accuracy had a greater tendency to overestimate polyp size (42.3% overestimation and 21.2% underestimation, P < 0.001) compared with other endoscopists (16.6% overestimation and 17.9% underestimation, P = 0.951).ConclusionsEndoscopists with limited experience of colonoscopy in the past year were more likely to make frequent errors in size estimation. Furthermore, endoscopists making inaccurate size estimations had a propensity to overestimate polyp size.
The intestinal mycobiota and its relationship with overweight, obesity and nutritional aspects
Authors: García‐Gamboa Ricardo , Kirchmayr Manuel R. , Gradilla‐Hernández Misael Sebastian , Pérez‐Brocal Vicente , Moya Andrés , González‐Avila Marisela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe fungal community of the gastrointestinal tract has recently become of interest, and knowledge of its relationship with the development of obesity is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the cultivable fungal fraction from the microbiota and to analyze its relationship with obesity.MethodsSamples were taken from 99 participants with normal weight, overweight and obesity (n = 31, 34 and 34, respectively) and were cultivated in selective medium, and the cultivable yeasts were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Anthropometric and biochemical measures were also evaluated.ResultsEutrophic, overweight and obese groups presented concentrations of 1.6, 2.16 and 2.19 log10 colony‐forming units g–1 yeast, respectively. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two identified phyla. At the genus level, Candida spp. showed a relatively high prevalence, and 10 different species were detected: Candida glabrata, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida lambica, Candida kefyr, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida valida, Candida parapsilosis, Candida utilis and Candida humilis (with relative abundances of 71.72%, 5.05%, 21.21%, 6.06%, 29.29%, 27.27%, 8.08%, 16.16%, 1.01% and 2.02%, respectively).ConclusionsThe obese group presented a higher prevalence of Candida albicans. Furthermore, Candida albicans, Candida kefyr and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa showed a high positive correlation with obesity, weight gain and fat mass and showed a negative correlation with high‐density lipoprotein and lean mass, parameters related to weight loss.
Correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Sutherland L. , McGarty A. M. , Melville C. A. , Hughes‐McCormack L. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) participate in low levels of physical activity. To inform the development of interventions, we need to better understand factors associated with physical activity. The aim of this study was therefore to systematically review correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with ID.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched between 1 January 1990 and 29 February 2020 to identify English‐language studies, which examined correlates of free‐living physical activity in children and adolescents (0–19 years) with ID. Study quality was assessed. Correlates were analysed using a narrative synthesis and classified using the socioecological model as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational or environmental.ResultsFifteen studies published between 2010 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Forty‐eight individual correlates were identified. Studies were predominantly focused on intrapersonal‐level correlates. Of those correlates investigated in more than one study (n = 6), having better motor development was positively associated with physical activity. Inconsistent results were found for age and cardiorespiratory fitness. Sex, percentage body fat and body mass index were not correlated. No interpersonal‐level, organisational‐level or environmental‐level correlates were included in more than one study.ConclusionsTo date, we have limited and inconclusive evidence about correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with ID. Only when future studies unravel correlates and determinants, across all domains of the socioecological model, will the potential opportunities to improve health by increasing physical activity levels be achievable.
Congenital short tail in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Meireles Bárbara Cristina da Silva , Goldschmidt Beatriz , Soares Carlos Alberto , Pinto Ana Cristina Araujo , Bouzon Aline Crespo , França Felipe Gonçalves Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a captive Macaca mulatta breeding colony, a single family group with 39 animals showed 19 individuals being born with dramatic tail shortening. Through clinical, genealogical, radiographic, and cytogenetic evaluation, it was related to a probable dominant autosomal inheritance of the reduction in the number of distal caudal vertebrae.
Removable retropubic uterine compression suture for controlling postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Li Guang‐Tai , Li Xiao‐Fan , Li Guang‐Rui , Wu Bao‐Ping , Zhang Xiu‐Lan , Xu Hong‐Mei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo minimize the adverse events of uterine compression suture in controlling postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and to search for a prophylactic approach to potential PPH.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 39 women with removable retropubic uterine compression suture (RRUCS) to stop PPH due to uterine atony during cesarean section (CS). The procedure was to suspend and compress the uterus to the retropubic abdominal wall using an absorbable suture.ResultsThe technique was sufficient to stanch bleeding immediately in 36 patients (92.31%, 36/39). No morbidity or abnormalities occurred in women who underwent RRUCS. Subsequent pregnancies occurred in 10 cases, but the others lacked the desire for future pregnancy.ConclusionRRUCS is a simple, safe, and effective technique in controlling atonic PPH; it is also used as a prophylactic application in patients with potential PPH after CS.
Hearing status in vitamin B12‐deficient children
Authors: Akyay Arzu , Soylu Erkan , Ünsal Selim , Demirol Hatice , Bahçeci Semiha 
Published: February 2021

AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency on hearing in school‐aged children by pure‐tone audiometry.MethodsForty‐three vitamin B12‐deficient children and 37 age‐matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Tympanometric evaluations and pure‐tone audiometry including high frequencies were performed on the subjects. The results were compared between the two groups.ResultsBoth right and left ear pure‐tone hearing thresholds (PTHTs) at 0.25–4 kHz, and four‐frequency pure‐tone average values were significantly better in the control group compared with the patient group (P < 0.05). However, PTHTs at 8–16 kHz were not different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Vitamin B12 level also did not show any significant correlation with the PTHTs at 0.25–16 kHz (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis study indicates that vitamin B12 deficiency may contribute to hearing impairment at low frequencies as a possible aetiological factor in children.
Meat goat diet supplementation with crude glycerine: Ruminal fermentation metabolism, blood chemistry profile, animal performance and carcass traits
Authors: Gurung Nar K. , Tuoho Kweku B. , Abrahamsen Frank W. , Min Byeng R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding varying levels of crude glycerine (CG) on dry matter intake (DMI), animal performance, carcass traits and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration in meat goats. Twenty‐four intact male Boer goats (23.9 ± 1.0 kg initial BW and 4–5 months of age) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets (n = 6) containing 30% bermudagrass hay plus 70% concentrate mix with 0, 5, 10 or 15% CG in the diet on an as‐fed basis, substituted for the corn portion of the concentrate. Feed offered and refusals were monitored daily for 84 days. Goats were weighed at 28‐days interval. Blood and rumen samples were collected on day 84. At the end of the 84‐days feeding period, goats were harvested, and carcass characteristics measured. Feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F), carcass traits and VFA concentrations were analysed as a completely randomized design. The CG did not influence animal body weight (BW) changes, ADG and G:F ratio but tended to (p = 0.06) decrease DMI. Molar per cent propionic acid increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing CG. The acetate: propionate (A:P) ratio decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing amounts of CG in the diet. The CG addition tended to increase (p = 0.09) the longissimus muscle (LM area) in meat goats. In conclusion, CG can replace corn in diet for growing meat goats when fed up to 15% of diet, improving ruminal propionate concentration, but decreasing A:P ratio without affecting animal performance and carcass traits.
ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats
Authors: Forman Marnin A. , Steiner Joerg M. , Armstrong P. Jane , Camus Melinda S. , Gaschen Lorrie , Hill Steve L. , Mansfield Caroline S. , Steiger Katja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis in cats, although commonly diagnosed, still presents many diagnostic and management challenges.ObjectiveTo summarize the current literature as it relates to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of pancreatitis in cats and to arrive at clinically relevant suggestions for veterinary clinicians that are based on evidence, and where such evidence is lacking, based on consensus of experts in the field.AnimalsNone.MethodsA panel of 8 experts in the field (5 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 clinical pathologist, and 1 anatomic pathologist), with support from a librarian, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer reviewed literature and complement it with consensus clinical recommendations.ResultsThere was little literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of spontaneous pancreatitis in cats, but there was much in the literature about the disease in humans, along with some experimental evidence in cats and nonfeline species. Most evidence was in the area of diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, which was summarized carefully. In contrast, there was little evidence on the management of pancreatitis in cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePancreatitis is amenable to antemortem diagnosis by integrating all clinical and diagnostic information available, and recognizing that acute pancreatitis is far easier to diagnose than chronic pancreatitis. Although both forms of pancreatitis can be managed successfully in many cats, management measures are far less clearly defined for chronic pancreatitis.
What, After All, Is the Work of Culture?
Authors: Colapietro Vincent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an overview of Joseph Margolis’s philosophy of culture, highlighting how Margolis’s radical historicism is not inconsistent with our realistic intuitions regrading facts and objectivity. While Margolis identifies interpretation as the work of culture, the paper suggests that a much more basic sense of human labor needs to be thematized more fully than Margolis does in any defensible account of culture. Margolis of course appreciates work in this sense, but he does not consistently make it integral to his conception of culture. Even so, what he so forcefully defends is, as one commentator has put it, “beautiful. It’s also erudite, elegant, and insightful (and frightfully, dialectically intricate).”
Pixel‐level multicategory detection of visible seismic damage of reinforced concrete components
Authors: Miao Zenghui , Ji Xiaodong , Okazaki Taichiro , Takahashi Noriyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe detection of visible damage (i.e., cracking, concrete spalling and crushing, reinforcement exposure, buckling and fracture) plays a key role in postearthquake safety assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) building structures. In this study, a novel approach based on computer‐vision techniques was developed for pixel‐level multicategory detection of visible seismic damage of RC components. A semantic segmentation database was constructed from test photos of RC structural components. Series of datasets were generated from the constructed database by applying image transformations and data‐balancing techniques at the sample and pixel levels. A deep convolutional network architecture was designed for pixel‐level detection of visible damage. Two sets of parameters were optimized separately, one to detect cracks and the other to detect all other types of damage. A postprocessing technique for crack detection was developed to refine crack boundaries, and thus improve the accuracy of crack characterization. Finally, the proposed vision‐based approach was applied to test photos of a beam‐to‐wall joint specimen. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the vision‐based approach to detect damage, and its high potential to estimate seismic damage states of RC components.
Toward incorporating epigenetics into regulation of gene expression in the parasite Trichomonasvaginalis
Authors: Lizarraga Ayelen , Muñoz Daniela , Strobl‐Mazzulla Pablo H. , de Miguel Natalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that colonizes the human urogenital tract, causing a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection. The parasite must change its transcriptional profile in order to establish and maintain infection. However, few core regulatory elements and transcription factors have been identified to date and little is known about other mechanisms that may control these rapid changes in gene expression during parasite infection. In the last years, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression have been gaining major attention in this parasite. In this review, we summarize and discuss the major advances of the last few years with regard to epigenetics (DNA methylation, post‐translational histone modifications, and histone variants) in the parasite T. vaginalis. These studies can shed light into our current understanding of this parasite's biology with far‐reaching implications for the prognosis and treatment of trichomoniasis.