bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Buck Converter for Fast Charging with Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Sudiharto Indhana , Rahadyan Moch. Igam , Qudsi Ony Asrarul 
Published: April 2021

This research presents a battery charger design that can charge faster than using a PWM type solar charge controller (SCC). SCC is often operated when the battery capacity is 80% so that the charging current that can be provided is only 10% to 20% of the battery capacity. The battery charging method applied in this study uses the principle of fast charging by adjusting the value of the current and the output voltage value of the buck converter. Fast charging has its own characteristic, obviously, the charging rate that is greater than the usual charging method, which is up to 1C of the battery capacity. The principle of fast charging in this study uses the constant current / constant voltage method. This converter is designed with the ability to produce current by the charging rate of 1C from a 12Ah battery capacity of 12 A and an output voltage of 16.8 V. To ensure that the output of the converter matches the setpoint, the duty cycle value is adjusted using fuzzy control. Based on the results obtained from the simulation, the control of this study obtained an output current 12 Amperes with error ripple current around 8.3%. The SOC on this battery increased by 75.74% in 45 minutes.
PI Fuzzy Controller of Synchronous Boost Converter for Drug Storage Thermoelectric Cooler
Authors: Ramadhan Alvin Noer , Windarko Novie Ayub , Irianto Irianto 
Published: April 2021

Medicines should be stored in a room at a suitable temperature if the inappropriate affect the quality of the drug. Therefore we need a control that can control the temperature in the room so that it is constant in accordance with the rules for room temperature in drug storage, which is 25 degrees Celsius. The following paperwork presents a simulation controller between PI controller and PI-Fuzzy logic controller in adjusting the voltage to match the set of point. Where the fuzzy logic controller automatically searches for the Kp value so that the voltage output of the converter match the desired set of point. Then the converter used is synchronoust boost converter as voltage regulator and peltier as a DC load which functions as a cooler. in this research, the system using PI controller was able to adjust the voltage to match the set point with Kp is 0.14089 and Ki is 124.6738 then settling time is 0.016 s. While the system using PI-Fuzzy logic controller,it was able to adjust the voltage to match the set point with Kp is 0.08112 and Ki is 125.6738 then settling time is 0.014 s.
First-time mothers' experiences of the first stage of labour in hospitals in the HhoHho region, Eswatini
Authors: Mamba Nonhlahla , Tagutanazvo Oslinah B 
Published: April 2021

Background/Aims Women have different and varying experiences of labour and their coping strategies vary as well. Having support during labour may help women feel in control of their labour. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of first-time mothers during the first stage of labour. Methods The study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design. A purposive sample of nine first-time postpartum mothers were selected to participate following normal vaginal delivery at Mbabane Government Hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analysed thematically. Open coding was used to analyse data. Results Four themes emerged: 1. Ignorance of the signs of labour 2. Anxiety related to fear 3. Maintaining adequate nutrition 4. Coping with labour pains. Each theme had several subcategories. Most participants were ignorant of the signs of labour and reported anxiety related to fear of the unknown and practiced different ways of coping with labour pains. Conclusions First-time mothers require adequate preparation for labour, as many women in this study were ignorant of the signs of labour and reported anxiety related to fear of the unknown. Pregnant women should be educated about the physiological aspects of the first stage of labour and oriented in the labour ward during the prenatal period.
Knowledge and correlates of using a partograph for labour monitoring among primary healthcare workers in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Onunwa Oswald Zion N , Emikpe Abigael Omowumi , Akinyele Oluwatoyin A , Ayannusi Roseline O , Olawode Moses Oluleye , Obembe Taiwo A 
Published: April 2021

Background The partograph is a graphic record of labour progress, and maternal and fetal condition, which was introduced to detect preventable maternal complications during parturition. It is plotted against time for intrapartum monitoring. There is a difference in how widely the modified partograph is used to monitor labour among health workers in primary healthcare across different countries, according to the World Health Organization. This study assessed primary healthcare workers' knowledge of how to use the partograph for labour monitoring in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods The study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey to recruit 136 purposively selected respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square test and logistic regression at P<0.05 significance. Results The majority of respondents reportedly had good knowledge of how to use the partograph (72%) but did not use it when monitoring labour (82.4%). The odds of using a partograph was four times more likely in participants with good knowledge (odds ratio=3.61, P<0.000). Conclusions There is a need for collaboration across all tiers of government with the National Primary Health Development Agency to develop and implement health policies that will encourage the utilisation of a partograph for monitoring labour.
Stroke early supported discharge: the impact of patients' characteristics and clinical profile on rehabilitation goal attainment and clinical outcomes
Authors: Georgy Ehab 
Published: April 2021

Background/aims Stroke early supported discharge services were introduced to provide a comprehensive stroke specialist therapy input, while reducing cost of acute care. Early supported discharge services resulted in better health-related outcomes. A consensus has not yet been established regarding specific early supported discharge patient characteristics and clinical profile. The main aim of this study was to establish evidence to support the development of an early supported discharge patient profile (demographics and clinical) and eligibility criteria to enable early supported discharge services achieve their purposes of reducing post-stroke disability and institutionalisation rates. This article outlines the relationship between early supported discharge patients' clinical profiles and clinical outcomes, in terms of disability, goal attainment and institutionalisation rates. Methods A retrospective review of data was implemented to determine whether specific early supported discharge patients' clinical profiles and characteristics correlate with clinical outcomes. Data were collected for patients admitted to the Suffolk Stroke Early Supported Discharge Service between August and October 2016, comprising patients' demographics and clinical profiles, including stroke type, Barthel Index and Modified Rankin Scale. Performance data were collected at the end of the early supported discharge service including therapy frequency and intensity, as well as clinical outcomes including the Goal Attainment Scale. Results Data were collected for 53 patients. Data were analysed for all patients in three groups: goals not achieved; goals achieved; and goals achieved to a higher level), according to the Goal Attainment Scale. A Chi-square test showed no significant difference with regard to sex and stroke side (P=0.27). Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in age. Conversely, results showed a significant association between goal attainment and the stroke subtype, severity and length of hospital stay. Conclusions Specific clinical characteristics and disease profiles correlate with functional outcomes and could influence goal attainment and functional status. A specific patient cohort seems to benefit the most from early supported discharge services in terms of optimised functional outcomes and recovery.
Outcomes of severe lower limb injury with Mangled Extremity Severity Score ≥ 7
Authors: Hoogervorst Lotje A. , Hart Melissa J. , Simpson Pamela M. , Kimmel Lara A. , Oppy Andrew , Edwards Elton R. , Gabbe Belinda J. 
Published: April 2021

AimsComplex fractures of the femur and tibia with associated severe soft tissue injury are often devastating for the individual. The aim of this study was to describe the two-year patient-reported outcomes of patients in a civilian population who sustained a complex fracture of the femur or tibia with a Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) of ≥ 7, whereby the score ranges from 2 (lowest severity) to 11 (highest severity).MethodsPatients aged ≥ 16 years with a fractured femur or tibia and a MESS of ≥ 7 were extracted from the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (January 2007 to December 2018). Cases were grouped into surgical amputation or limb salvage. Descriptive analysis were used to examine return to work rates, three-level EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) outcomes at 12 and 24 months post-injury.ResultsIn all, 111 patients were included: 90 (81%) patients who underwent salvage and 21 (19%) patients with surgical amputation. The mean age of patients was 45.8 years (SD 15.8), 93 (84%) were male, 37 (33%) were involved in motor vehicle collisions, and the mean MESS score was 8.2 (SD 1.4). Two-year outcomes in the cohort were poor: six (7%) patients achieved a GOS-E good recovery, the mean EQ-5D-3L summary score was 0.52 (SD 0.27), and 17 (20%) patients had returned to work.ConclusionA small proportion of patients with severe lower limb injury (MESS ≥ 7) achieved a good level of function 24 months post-injury. Further follow-up is needed to better understand the long-term trajectory of these patients, including delayed amputation, hospital readmissions, and healthcare utilization. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):769–774.
The effect of hospital case volume on re-revision following revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yapp Liam Z. , Walmsley Phil J. , Moran Matthew , Clarke Jon V. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: April 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to measure the effect of hospital case volume on the survival of revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). Methods This is a retrospective analysis of Scottish Arthroplasty Project data, a nationwide audit which prospectively collects data on all arthroplasty procedures performed in Scotland. The primary outcome was RTKA survival at ten years. The primary explanatory variable was the effect of hospital case volume per year on RTKA survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the lifespan of RTKA. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate relative revision risks over time. Hazard ratios (HRs) were reported with 95% CI, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 1998 to 2019, 8,301 patients (8,894 knees) underwent RTKA surgery in Scotland (median age at RTKA 70 years (interquartile range (IQR) 63 to 76); median follow-up 6.2 years (IQR 3.0 to 10.2). In all, 4,764 (53.6%) were female, and 781 (8.8%) were treated for infection. Of these 8,894 knees, 957 (10.8%) underwent a second revision procedure. Male sex, younger age at index revision, and positive infection status were associated with need for re-revision. The ten-year survival estimate for RTKA was 87.3% (95% CI 86.5 to 88.1). Adjusting for sex, age, surgeon volume, and indication for revision, high hospital case volume was significantly associated with lower risk of re-revision (HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.94, p < 0.001)). The risk of re-revision steadily declined in centres performing > 20 cases per year; risk reduction was 16% with > 20 cases; 22% with > 30 cases; and 28% with > 40 cases. The lowest level of risk was associated with the highest volume centres. Conclusion The majority of RTKA in Scotland survive up to ten years. Increasing yearly hospital case volume above 20 cases is independently associated with a significant risk reduction of re-revision. Development of high-volume tertiary centres may lead to an improvement in the overall survival of RTKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):602–609.
Traditional versus congruent-arc Latarjet anatomic and biomechanical perspective
Authors: Rossi Luciano A. , Tanoira Ignacio , De Cicco Franco Luis , Ranalletta Maximiliano 
Published: April 2021

The congruent-arc Latarjet (CAL) allows reconstruction of a greater percentage of glenoid bone deficit because the inferior surface of the coracoid is wider than the lateral edge of the coracoid used with the traditional Latarjet (TL). Biomechanical studies have shown higher initial fixation strength between the graft and the glenoid with the TL. In the TL, the undersurface of the coracoid, which is wider than the medial edge used with the CAL, remains in contact with the anterior edge of the glenoid, increasing the contact surface between both bones and thus facilitating bone consolidation. The shorter bone distance around the screw with the CAL is potentially less tolerant of screw-positioning error compared to the TL. Moreover, the wall of the screw tunnel is potentially more likely to fracture with the CAL due to the minimal space between the screw and the graft wall. CAL may be very difficult to perform in patients with very small coracoids such as small women or skeletally immature patients. Radius of curvature of the inferior face of the coracoid graft (used with the CAL) is similar to that of the native glenoid. This may potentially decrease contact pressure across the glenohumeral joint, avoiding degenerative changes in the long term. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:280-287. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200074
Echinococcosis of the spine
Authors: Sioutis Spyridon , Reppas Lampros , Bekos Achilles , Soulioti Eleftheria , Saranteas Theodosis , Koulalis Dimitrios , Sapkas Georgios , Mavrogenis Andreas F. 
Published: April 2021

Echinococcosis or hydatid disease affecting the spine is an uncommon manifestation of Echinococcus granulosus infection of the spine. More commonly found in endemic areas, it causes significant morbidity and mortality as it grows slowly and produces symptoms mainly by compressing the spinal cord. As diagnostic methods are non-specific, diagnosis and management are usually delayed until the disease is advanced, thereby therapy is usually unlikely. Treatment is usually surgical, aiming at cyst excision, spinal cord decompression and spinal stabilization. This article summarizes the clinical findings of echinococcosis of the spine, discusses the specific laboratory and diagnostic findings, lists the current treatment options, and reviews the patients’ outcomes. The aim is to prompt clinicians to be aware of the possibility of echinococcosis as a possible diagnosis in endemic areas.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:288-296. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200130
Policy Implications, Eligibility, and Demographic Characteristics of People With Intellectual Disability Who Access Self-Directed Funding in the United States
Authors: Cherry Elizabeth , Stancliffe Roger J. , Emerson Eric , Tichá Renata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study identifies factors (state of residence, personal characteristics, and living situation) associated with access to self-directed funding (SDF) for adults with intellectual disability in the United States. Data from 10,033 participants from 26 states in the 2012–2013 National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey were analyzed. We examined state, age group, residence type, disability diagnoses, mental health status, and type of disability support funding used. Availability of SDF for people with ID varied by state and aligned mostly with state-by-state policy data on SDF eligibility and availability. The results of a logistic regression analysis demonstrated that access to SDF was lower in older adults and higher for people who lived in their parents' or relatives' home, an independent home, and with certain personal characteristics. Potential influences from policy and practice, and approaches to increase access to SDF are discussed.
Seroprevalence of hospital staff in a province with zero COVID-19 cases
Authors: Nopsopon Tanawin , Pongpirul Krit , Chotirosniramit Korn , Jakaew Wutichai , Kaewwijit Chuenkhwan , Kanchana Sawan , Hiransuthikul Narin 
Published: April 2021

Background
COVID-19 seroprevalence data, particularly in less developed countries with a relatively low incidence, has been scant. We aimed to explore the seroprevalence of hospital staff in the area with zero confirmed COVID-19 case to shed light on the situation of COVID-19 infection in zero or low infection rate countries where mass screening was not readily available.

Methods
A locally developed rapid immunoglobulin M (IgM)/immunoglobulin G (IgG) test kit was used for hospital staff screening of Ranong hospital which is located in a province with zero COVID-19 prevalence in Thailand from 17th April to 17th May 2020. All staff was tested, 100 of which were randomly invited to have a repeating antibody test in one month. (Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20200426002)

Results
Of 844 hospital staff, 82 were tested twice one month apart (response rate for repeating antibody test 82%). Overall, 0.8% of the participants (7 of 844) had positive IgM, none had positive IgG. Female staff had 1.0% positive IgM (95% CI: 0.5–2.1%) while male had 0.5% positive IgM (95% CI: 0.1–2.6%). No participants with a history of travel to the high-risk area or close contact with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 case developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Among 844 staff, 811 had no symptoms and six of them developed IgM seropositive (0.7%) while 33 had minor symptoms and only one of them developed IgM seropositive (3.0%). No association between SARS-CoV-2 IgM status and gender, history of travel to a high-risk area, close contact with PCR-confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case, presence of symptoms within 14 days, or previous PCR status was found. None of the hospital staff developed SARS-CoV-2 IgG.

Conclusions
COVID-19 antibody test could detect a considerable number of hospital staff who could be potential silent spreaders in a province with zero COVID-19 cases. Accurate antibody testing is a valuable screening tool, particularly in asymptomatic healthcare workers.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chulalongkorn University (IRB No.236/63) and the Institutional Review Board of Ranong Hospital. (Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20200426002).
Exploring satisfaction level among outpatients regarding pharmacy facilities and services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; a large regional analysis
Authors: Alotaibi Nasser Hadal , Alzarea Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Alotaibi Ahmed Mohammed , Khan Yusra Habib , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Alharbi Khalid Saad , Alruwaili Nabil K. , Alanazi Abdullah S. , Hassan Ahmed , Alotaib Badriyah Shadid 
Published: April 2021

Background
Evaluation of patients`satisfaction towards pharmacy services is of utmost importance to ensure the quality of care. It helps in identifying domains requiring improvements to provide high quality pharmacy services to ensure the provision of enhanced pharmaceutical care. The current study aims to ascertain the extent of satisfaction towards pharmacy services among patients attending outpatient pharmacies in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 746 patients attending outpatient pharmacies of various public hospitals was conducted from 01 January to 15 February 2020. Information on socio-demographic profile of the study subjects along with their satisfaction towards outpatient pharmacy was extracted by using a 23-items questionnaire. These questions were divided into two domains including 7 questions related to the pharmacy facilities (questions from 1F to 7F) and 8 questions for pharmacy services (questions from 1S to 8S), where F and S denotes facilities and services, respectively. The cumulative satisfaction score was estimated by a 5-item Likert scale with a maximum score of 5 for each item. The relationship between demographics and satisfaction scores was evaluated by using appropriate statistics.

Results
There were 746 patients with male preponderance (58.8%). The overall satisfaction score was 2.97 ± 0.65. Satisfaction towards pharmacy services scored lower (mean score: 3.91 ± 0.77) than pharmacy facilities (mean score: 4.03 ± 0.66). Items related to patient`s counseling (3F, 2S, 3S, 6S) scored least during the analysis. Older patients (p = 0.006), male gender (p<0.001), Saudi nationality (0.035), patients attending primary care centers (p = 0.02), and patients with chronic illnesses were significantly associated with lower satisfaction score.

Conclusion
This study reported that the satisfaction level of patients attending outpatient pharmacies was low and differed among various socio-demographic groups. Approximately one-half of the patients were not satisfied with outpatient pharmacy services. These findings underscore the dire need for managerial interventions including the hiring of trained professionals, onsite training of pharmacy staff, initiation of clinical or patient centered pharmacy services, evaluation of patient`s response towards the services and appropriate controlling measures, irrespective to the type of hospitals.