bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzes of Body Adiposity Index, waist to size ratio, waist to hip ratio, and Heart Score as a better clinical evaluation in postmenopause
Authors: LUGO‐MARTINEZ GABRIELA , Jiménez‐Zamarripa Carlos Alberto , Ocharan‐Hernández Maria Esther , Calzada‐Mendoza Claudia Camelia 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDMenopause represents the end of the reproductive stage, and is linked to the increase in obesity and cardiovascular diseases incidence (NAMS, Menopause Glossary).Body mass Index is positive correlated with major vasomotor symptoms. The classic clinical evaluation of the menopausal women includes variables such as, weight, height, arterial pressure, intensity of the climacteric symptoms and familiar and personal antecedents for oncologic diseases. However, in recent years the reliability of BMI has been questioned; fact linked with the documented body modifications in postmenopause, supports the need to implement a better anthropometric and clinical evaluation.The heart score allow estimate total cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy individuals, and also can be use to estimate the complications of cardiovascular diseases. This risk estimation is based on the following risk factors: gender, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. Total punctuation of heart score greater than 1 indicates the rise of cardiovascular risk.The aim of this study was to analyze the adiposity index (BAI), waist to size ratio (WSR), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and heart score for a better clinical evaluation in posmenopausal women.MATERIALS AND METHODSA descriptive, observational, prospective, transversal, cohort study was carried out in 201 women who attend to climacteric clinic from “Hospital de la Mujer”, anthropometric and clinical data were collected, anthropometric indices was calculated and correlated with BMI, and the heart score was calculated considering the systolic blood pressure, age and smoking history of each patient.RESULTSThe mean age was 52.3±6.21 years, the average of the heart score was 2, the 25th and 75th percentiles were 2 and 3, respectively, it means that at least 75% of the women included, has elevated cardiovascular risk. Anthropometric indices are resumed in table 1. A positive correlation was found between BMI and anthropometric indices analyzed, the correlation values showed in table 2.CONCLUSIONOnly 25% of the patients has normal BMI. All patients had elevated values for the anthropometric indices. Positive correlation was found between BMI and Antrhopometric indices. All this facts suggest that the evaluation of the waist to hip ratio, waist to size ratio, body adiposity index and the circumferences of waist and hip together with the heart score allows to clinician to perform a better evaluation of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women than using BMI alone.The North American Menopause Society Menopause Glossary. Consulted online https://www.menopause.org/for‐women/menopause‐glossaryon2017.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Structural And Functional Characterization Of Ulvan Degrading Polysaccharide Lyase Enzymes
Authors: Ulaganathan ThirumalaiSelvi , Helbert William , Banin Ehud , Cygler Miroslaw 
Published: June 2021

Ulvans are the sulfated cell wall polysaccharide present in marine green algae. Ulvan polysaccharides are composed mainly of 3‐sulfated rhamnose, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid and xylose. The sulfation pattern in ulvan resemble glycosaminoglycans in vertebrates. The structural features of ulvan make it a good candidate for variety of industrial applications in agriculture, food, pharmaceutical, chemical, and biomaterials industries. Identification of ulvan‐degrading microorganism and the corresponding enzymes will increase the potential application of this highly abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide.Bacterial microbiomes associated with the green algae contain enzymes to degrade ulvan by a lytic β‐elimination mechanism. Genome sequencing projects lead to the identification of many such ulvan degrading enzymes from several bacteria Nonlabens ulvanivorans, Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PLSV, Alteromonas sp. strain LOR and LTR. Using X‐ray crystallography and enzyme activity assays, we solved the structure and biochemically characterized three ulvan lyases, PLSV3936, LOR107 and NLR48. All three enzymes share very low sequence identity and act differentially on substrate.Despite their low sequence identity, PLSV3936 and LOR107 share the same 7‐bladed β propeller fold. However, the complex structure with the bound tetrasaccharide substrate reveals the difference in the active site and mode of cleavage. Whereas, NLR48 has a β jelly roll scaffold. Complex structure of NLR48 with tetrasaccharide substrate suggest that NLR48 appears to utilize lysine and tyrosine as catalytic residues and the substrate acidic group is neutralized by a glutamine residue. Our results expand the information about ulvan degrading enzymes to potentiate the use of ulvan polysaccharide.Support or Funding InformationThe financial support was provided by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of CanadaThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Cold active β‐1,3‐glucanase from Antarctic Yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12
Authors: Mohammadi Salimeh , Mahadi Nor Muhammad , Murad Abdul Munir Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Glaciozyma antarctica is a psychrophilic yeast that was isolated from the surface of Antarctic sea ice. A key adaptation of psychrophilic microorganisms is to synthesize cold‐active enzymes for survival at low temperatures. In this study, the full‐length cDNA encoding Exo‐β‐glucanase (GaExg55) from G. antarctica PI12 was amplified by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The cDNA encoded a 480‐residue polypeptide with a putative signal peptide of 20 residues. Subsequently, the novel GaExg55 was expressed in E. coli and purified with nickel affinity chromatography as an approximately 55 kDa protein. The biochemical characterization of purified recombinant GaExg55 (rGaExg55) revealed typical cold‐active enzyme characteristics, such as maximal activity at 20 °C and pH 8.0. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme using laminarin as the substrate were 10.04 mg mL−1 and 14.12 U mg−1, respectively. An analysis of the three‐dimensional structure of the enzyme was carried out using MODELLER9v16 and compared with homologous mesophilic exo‐β‐1,3‐glucanase. The results of the comparative structural study revealed that the psychrophilic GaExg55 contains longer loops, fewer hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, and a higher total solvent‐accessible surface area which enhanced the protein flexibility for high catalytic efficiency at low temperatures.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia under the research grants 10‐05‐16‐MB002 and 02‐05‐20‐SF0007.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Physical Resilience as a Determinant of Healthy Aging
Authors: Brown Ashley K. , Mazula Daniel L. , Zhang Bin , Roos Carolyn M. , White Thomas A. , Miller Richard A. , Miller Jordan D. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. 
Published: June 2021

Physical resilience, defined as the ability to resist and respond to challenges and return to homeostasis, has been postulated to be a determinant of healthspan and lifespan. To test this premise, we have begun to optimize a standardized, clinically relevant battery of resilience challenges, including anesthesia and cisplatin chemotherapy, and recovery outcome measures in younger (2–3 month) and older (26–29 month) mice. We have also started to test whether interventions shown to increase murine lifespan‐acarbose, rapamycin, and 17a‐estradiol‐impact the resilience of older mice.Our preliminary data demonstrate that younger mice (n = 10) have faster dorsal to sternal recumbence recovery time compared to older mice (n = 8) (39 ± 1 sec vs. 67 ± 6 sec, p < 0.001) following a 5‐minute 4% isoflurane anesthesia challenge. In response to a 5‐day cisplatin (2 mg/kg/day) challenge, both younger (n=5) and older (n=4) mice lost a significant percent of their baseline body weight (younger mice −10.6 ± 0.8% and older mice −13.2 ± 2.1%, p = 0.26), however, older mice failed to regain body weight 11 days after the challenge (younger mice −0.9 ± 0.8% and older mice −9.8 ± 0.8%, p < 0.01). Changes in body weight in younger and older mice were largely attributable to the loss/regain of fat mass. Interestingly, 8 weeks of either acarbose (1,000 ppm) or 17α‐estradiol (14.4 ppm) administration to older female mice improved body weight recovery after the cisplatin challenge, while rapamycin (14 ppm) had no appreciable effect.Our preliminary results demonstrate that younger mice, as expected, have greater resilience than older mice to clinically relevant physical challenges. The age at which physical resilience starts to decline requires further investigation. Our early observations suggest interventions that extend health‐ and lifespan may impact resilience in older mice. Ultimately, a standardized battery of resilience challenges may provide a new framework for testing and translating interventions that target the fundamental biology of aging.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by grant AG52958 from the National Institutes of Health.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Developing a new polymeric system for release of immunomodulators for treatment of heart failure
Authors: de Jesús Salazar‐Ramírez Felipe , Lozano Omar , Chapoy‐Villanueva Hector , Torre‐Amione Guillermo , García‐Rivas Gerardo 
Published: June 2021

During recent years the role of the immune system in the progression of heart failure (HF) has become an area of interest to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of its progression. Some immunomodulators have been tested for efficacy in reducing inflammatory mediators in patients with HF. However, one of the greatest limitations encountered when trying to bring those treatments to patients is the side effect of these drugs. Keeping this in mind, nanotechnology has been advancing rapidly during the past few years. Nanoparticles can carry medications and have active tissue targeting properties, and such characteristics could increase the drug tolerance, which are known to have a narrow therapeutic window. Using this knowledge we used a well‐known immunomodulator, either free or encapsulated in a polymeric nanoparticle to treat a murine model of HF by inducing an anti‐inflammatory effect, and thus, reduce the progression ventricular dysfuction.MethodsThe immunomodulator was encapsulated in a polymeric nanoparticle by an oil‐in‐water emulsion. The resulting nanovector was analyzed in terms of size, surface charge, drug loading and release profile.ResultsThe nanovector was of ~ 100 nm in size, −30 mV in surface charge, 95 % entrapment efficiency, and a release profile consistent with reported data. Mice model of HF shown fibrosis and cardiac remodeling, however this damage was reduced in the animals that received the immunomodulator (1 mg/Kg week). Likewise, a 4‐fold increase in the production of IL‐10 was observed. Moreover, the use of polymeric nanoparticles required a lower dose to reach a similar cardioprotective effect.Support or Funding InformationSupported by ITESM and CONACyTThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Capsaicin and Its Non‐Pungent Analog Arvanil Sensitize Platinum‐Resistant Small Cell Lung Cancer to Camptothecin‐Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Colclough Kate W. , Friedman Jamie R. , Perry Haley E. , Brown Kathleen C. , Akers Austin T. , Nolan Nicholas A. , Rollyson William D. , Chen Yi Charlie , Denning Krista L. , Brown Linda G. , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: June 2021

Cisplatin or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy is the standard of care for small cell lung cancer patients (SCLC). The challenge with SCLC treatment is that such chemotherapy shows excellent response initially; however, the tumor relapses within a year and is resistant to chemotherapy or radiation. Furthermore, a subset of SCLC is resistant to cisplatin (called platinum‐resistant SCLC) or displays platinum refractory phenotype. There is only one FDA‐approved drug for relapsed SCLC, which is camptothecin (irinotecan). It has been shown to display an objective response rate of about 3%. Therefore, agents which can increase the response rate of camptothecin should be of considerable benefit to SCLC patients. We tested the combinatorial effects of the nutritional compound capsaicin with camptothecin in human SCLC. Caspase‐3 activity assays reveal that the combination of camptothecin and capsaicin displayed greater apoptotic activity than any of the compounds used alone. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays confirmed the combinatorial effects of capsaicin and camptothecin. Statistical analysis using the Chou‐Talalay isobologram showed that capsaicin displayed synergistic apoptotic activity with camptothecin. The clinical development of capsaicin as a viable anti‐cancer drug is limited due to its adverse side effect profile. Our laboratory has performed structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies to identify non‐pungent capsaicin analogs. One of those analogs, Arvanil, has shown synergistic apoptotic activity with SN‐38 (active drug component of irinotecan) in cisplatin‐resistant SCLC cells. Chou‐Talalay isobologram analysis showed that the magnitude of synergy between arvanil and SN‐38 was greater than capsaicin and SN‐38 in cisplatin‐resistant H69 human SCLC cells. The results of our studies will pave the way for novel second‐line treatment regimens for human SCLC.Support or Funding InformationFunding for our study was supported by an NIH R15‐AREA Grant (2R15CA161491‐02) and a WVU‐MU Health Partnership Grant. This work was supported in part by the West Virginia IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (WV‐INBRE) grant GM103434 (PI: Dr. G. Rankin).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
An Integrative Approach to Identify Biological and Socioeconomic Contributors to Cancer Incidence and Mortality: The Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment's Cross‐Cutting Component
Authors: Olson Jessica , Stolley Melinda , Millon‐Underwood Sandra , Cawthra Tobi , Beyer Kirsten , Fraser David , Ignace Lyle , Pinsoneault Laura , Salazar Jose , Walker Alonzo , Willliams Carol , Lucey Paula , Maurana Cheryl 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite advances in breast and lung cancer research, racial and geographic disparities in incidence, late‐stage diagnosis, and mortality persist in Wisconsin. Root causes for cancer‐related health disparities are complex and multifactorial, and require bold, innovative approaches to have a significant impact. The Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment's Cross‐Cutting Component is dedicated to reducing these breast and lung cancer disparities in Wisconsin by integrating the strengths of research, education, and community and investing up to $20M over a period of 8 years.MethodsThis initiative began with the formation of an interdisciplinary “cells to society” design team comprised of basic scientists, population health experts, clinicians, and community leaders. The team was charged with developing broad approaches to engage scientists and community and achieve the following goals: (1) gain a more contextualized understanding of the molecular, genetic, environmental, cultural, and behavioral factors that contribute to cancer disparities, as well as barriers and facilitators to these discoveries; and (2) facilitate the bringing together of “cross‐cutting teams” to adopt, adapt and/or create innovative strategies to address cancer disparities statewide. To inform the creation of these teams, a series of “listening sessions” with basic and clinical biomedical health professionals, educators, and community members, were created to gather input on needs and opportunities to reduce disparities.ResultsThis presentation will review the Cross‐Cutting Component and present results from Goal 1 activities. We have completed: (1) a comprehensive curation of literature detailing strategies to reduce cancer disparities, (2) root cause analyses on breast and lung cancer from a team of multi‐disciplinary experts, (3) maps detailing differences in breast and lung cancer disparities across the state and (4) analyzed themes from discussion sessions held with key stakeholders with perspectives and expertise ranging from T0 – T5 research, education, and the community.ConclusionResults highlight common and unique themes among these diverse groups, that will be used to inform the “cross‐cutting teams” that will (1) encourage participants to think beyond their expertise (2) create, adapt or adopt strategies for addressing complex health problems, and (3) develop, test and evaluate initiatives to address breast and/or lung cancer disparities in incidence, late‐stage diagnosis, and mortality.Support or Funding InformationThis work is supported by the Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment.
Role of HER‐2 in Breast Carcinogenesis
Authors: Link Tina , Jain Supriya , Lu Allison , Nathan Ajay , Shabazaz Tara , Uppalapati Isha 
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer has several defining prognostic and predictive markers, one of which is HER‐2. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER‐2) is a protein which plays a role in cellular proliferation and cell survival. The solved structure revealed that the protein has an extracellular ligand binding domain. However, HER‐2 has no known ligand to bind to its active site. Consequently, its known function is to dimerize with its sister receptor (HER‐3) and initiate a cascade pathway for growth. The upregulation of the HER‐2 neu oncogene can result in the overexpression of HER‐2, causing a change in the ratio of HER‐2 to HER‐3 receptors. Because HER‐2 promotes cellular proliferation and survival, uncontrolled expression of this factor has major implications in carcinogenesis. About twenty percent of all breast cancers are diagnosed as HER‐2 positive. Treatments to inhibit HER‐2 include ligand mimetics which bind to HER‐2, preventing its dimerization with HER‐3 and therefore stopping the uncontrolled cellular proliferation that would otherwise occur downstream. The FDA has approved several anti‐HER2 antibody therapies which have been used in combination with chemotherapy in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and Pertuzumab (Perjeta) are two anti‐HER2 antibodies which, in conjunction with chemotherapy, have resulted in improved outcomes for HER‐2 positive breast cancer patients. The Walton High School MSOE Center for BioMolecular Modeling SMART Team used 3‐D modeling and printing technology to examine the structure‐function relationship between HER‐2 as it relates to carcinogenesis.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Role of Patch Compartment Neurons in Methamphetamine‐Mediated Reward
Authors: Kendrick Troy , Robinson Hannah , Barker Natalie , Patel Birva , Logue Jordan , Horner Ashley 
Published: June 2021

The striatum is significantly important in the formation of habitual behaviors as well as reward association. Elicited reward behavior from methamphetamine (METH) is mediated by the striatum. Two distinct striatal sub regions, the patch and matrix, have been shown by previous studies to have key role in the regulation of addiction behavior. The patch compartment, in contrast with the matrix, expresses a high density of mu opioid receptors and receives inputs from limbic regions of the brain. Patch compartment neurons have been shown to contribute to habitual behaviors and it has been hypothesized that these neurons also contribute to reward, although this has yet to be demonstrated. The basis of this experiment was to investigate the role of the patch compartment neurons in METH‐induced reward behavior. This goal was attained by determining if the ablation of the mu opioid receptor‐containing neurons of the patch compartment would alter METH‐mediated condition place reference (CPP), which is an indicator of drug reward, by using Dermorphin‐Saporin (Derm‐Sap) which is a neurotoxin used to accurately target and eliminate mu opiate receptor‐containing neurons. Male and female rats in this study were bilaterally infused in striatum either with Derm‐Sap, or unconjugated Saporin, which was used as a control. After eight days of recovery, subjects were exposed to the CPP paradigm receiving either a moderate dose of METH (2 mg/kg) or saline. After eight days of conditioning, a preference test was conducted on each animal to determine the degree of preference for the drug‐paired chamber. It was found that METH‐mediated CPP was reduced in patch‐lesioned female rats, as compared to control animals, while METH‐mediated CPP was increased in male rats with Derm‐Sap lesions as compared to controls. These results allow us to conclude that patch compartment neurons are necessary for METH‐induced reward behaviors in females, but not males.Support or Funding InformationNavicent Health Foundation Research Award to AHThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effects of Eating a High Fat Diet on Sensitivity of Female Rats to the Reinforcing Effects of Methamphetamine
Authors: Galindo Kayla Irene , Beltran Nina , Serafine Katherine 
Published: June 2021

Eating a diet that is high in fat contributes to increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality, even in the absence of obesity. Eating a high fat diet can also impact the same brain reward pathways that are targeted by drugs of abuse. Preclinical studies have demonstrated rats eating high fat chow are more sensitive to drugs that act on dopamine systems (e.g., cocaine). However, the majority of evidence demonstrating that diet can impact drug sensitivity has investigated only male subjects, despite potential sex differences. To test the hypothesis that eating high fat chow increases sensitivity of female rats to the positive reinforcing effects of methamphetamine, female Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 30) were fed either standard chow (17% kcal from fat), high fat chow (60% kcal from fat), or given restricted access to high fat chow (such that their body weight was maintained, without the development of obesity) for 8 weeks. Following catheter implantation, rats were trained to respond for 0.1 mg/kg methamphetamine on a Fixed Ratio 1 schedule. Although there were no differences in acquisition (n = 2–3/group), future work will examine reinforcing effectiveness of methamphetamine across dietary conditions using a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. These data expand previous research, which has predominately focused on male rats, and add to the growing literature on the effects of diet on drug sensitivity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.