bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the linguistic markers of intuition in human resource (HR) practice
Authors: Sadler‐Smith Eugene , Akstinaite Vita , Akinci Cinla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntuitions are judgements that arise automatically and non‐consciously. Recognising when intuitive judgements are being used and whether doing so is appropriate is an important skill both for HR practitioners and managers involved in human resource (HR) processes. Because ‘intuiting’ is involuntary and unconscious it is difficult to access, monitor and control, however people can access and articulate their intuitive judgements through the spoken/written word. Identifying ‘linguistic markers’ of intuitions in spoken/written communications could help identify when/how intuition is being used in HR and improve HR practices in areas such as selection (e.g., obviating implicit/unconscious biases) and creativity (e.g., as a source of insights). This research used computerised text analysis (CTA) to identify linguistic markers of intuition based on HR practitioners' descriptions of what happens when they ‘intuit’. We outline implications of these findings for improving HR decision‐making processes and practices and their potential applications in data analytics, AI and machine learning in HR.
Secondary genepool of Australian Cajanus species contains sources of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Vanambathina Prameela , Henry Robert J. , Rachaputi Rao C. N. , Furtado Agnelo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA narrow genetic base in cultivated pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) limits the host plant resistance (HPR) to the devastating pest Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). Earlier research on pod borer resistance in wild Cajanus relatives has mainly explored the tertiary genepool, making breeding for resistance difficult because of linkage drag. Previous investigations on a wide range of Australian native germplasm from the secondary and tertiary gene pools revealed resistance in the secondary gene pool, associated with total phenolic content (TPC). This study reports the application of the extreme phenotype genome‐wide association (XP‐GWAS) to associate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with resistance traits. Mapping of 19 accessions, including 12 wild accessions to a reference pigeonpea genome have identified a total of 16,489 and 16,227 nonsynonymous SNPs for the resistance and TPC traits, respectively. These SNPs were subjected to functional analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis revealed the presence of candidate genes coding for the crucial enzymes in five defence‐related pathways that could be contributing to resistance. These pathways involve ‘Jasmonic acid synthesis’ (palmitoyl‐CoA hydrolase, phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2), ‘insect hormone biosynthesis’ (aldehyde dehydrogenase) ‘Steroid biosynthesis’ (squalene monooxygenase, farnesyl transferase and lanosterol synthase), ‘Cutin, suberine and wax synthesis’ (O‐acyltransferase) and ‘Brassinosteroid biosynthesis’ (Det2). Analysis of SNPs associated with the TPC trait led to the identification of a divergent pathway of ‘secondary metabolite synthesis’ (flavonoid 3′ hydroxylase, l‐rhamnosyltransferase) in wild Cajanus species consistent with a high concentration of isoorientin and the possible presence of its derivative maysin; a strong insecticidal compound in leaves.
The great divergence on the Korean peninsula (1910–2020)
Authors: Kim Duol 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBefore the 1960s, North Korea's GDP per capita was 30%–50% higher than South Korea's due to industrialisation during the 1930s. However, the governments of the two Koreas pursued different goals in the 1960s, which resulted in a reversal. The South Korean government made economic growth its ultimate goal. They did this by self‐implementing, adjusting and instituting an export‐oriented development strategy. On the other hand, the North Korean government tried to maximise its ability to survive by sacrificing gains from economies of scale. These differences brought about remarkable differences in economic performance. The gap between the two economies has continued to grow since the income level reversal in the 1970s.
Mobilizing the Underrepresented: Electoral Systems and Gender Inequality in Political Participation
Authors: Skorge Øyvind Søraas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo study the political mobilization of underrepresented groups, this article examines the effect of electoral systems on gender equality in voting. Theoretically, I argue that replacing a plurality electoral system with proportional representation (PR) gives party elites greater incentives to mobilize women to vote in all but the most competitive districts under plurality rule. Yet, they need to tap into women's networks to succeed with such mobilizing efforts. Empirically, I isolate the causal effect of PR by studying an imposed shift from plurality to PR in Norwegian municipalities. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, I estimate that the move from plurality to PR substantially decreased gender inequality in voting. The effect is most pronounced in previously uncompetitive municipalities and where women's networks are present. This study thus demonstrates how the social environment conditions the effect of democratic institutions on the political participation of marginalized groups.
Beyond Growth Machine Politics: Understanding State Politics and National Political Mandates in China’s Urban Redevelopment
Authors: Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu , Liu Yuqi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale demolition has been ubiquitous in fast urbanising China. The politics of redevelopment is often seen as secondary, derived from and defined by local entrepreneurial governance. However, changing state politics, in particular national political mandates, has not been adequately addressed. Through examining variegated practices, this paper understands how the changing national political context affects or redefines local redevelopment projects. These cases reflect local responses to the national campaigns for rural vitalisation and “Beautiful China”, heritage preservation and “incremental regeneration” (weigaizao), and community participation in dilapidated neighbourhoods for a “harmonious society”. We find that these redevelopment projects are inherited from and associated with, but at the same time go beyond, growth machine politics. We argue that their motivations reflect a governance mode of “state entrepreneurialism” to achieve extra‐economic objectives through market instruments, and that this illustrates geopolitics, especially the role of the national state in development politics.
Letter: hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with non‐selective beta blockers
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wijarnpreecha et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16590 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16293
Editorial: higher concentrations of cytokine blockers are needed to obtain small bowel mucosal healing during maintenance therapy in Crohn’s disease—authors’ reply
Authors: Takenaka Kento , Kawamoto Ami , Ohtsuka Kazuo 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Takenaka et al and Rakowsky et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16551 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16571
Metformin for pregnancy and beyond: the pros and cons
Authors: Newman Christine , Dunne Fidelma P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContext and AimMetformin has been used in pregnancy since the 1970s. It is cheap, widely available and is acceptable to women. Despite its increasing use, controversy remains surrounding its benefits and risks. Metformin effectively reduces hyperglycaemia for the mother during pregnancy and it reduces rates of macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycaemia. However, concern exists surrounding an increase in the rate of SGA births and obesity in childhood. We aim to review the evidence and expert opinion behind metformin in pregnancy through to the post‐partum period.MethodsWe performed a literature review of relevant studies from online databases using a combination of keywords. We also searched the references of retrieved articles for pertinent studies.ResultsThere is strong evidence that metformin is safe in early pregnancy with no risk of congenital malformations. If used throughout pregnancy, it is likely to lead to reduced maternal weight gain and reduced insulin dose in women with type 2 diabetes. In infants, metformin reduces hypoglycaemia and macrosomia but may increase the rate of infants born SGA. There is some evidence of an increased risk of obesity and altered fat distribution in offspring. Metformin appears well tolerated in pregnancy and is more acceptable to women than insulin therapy.ConclusionDue to increasing rates of maternal obesity, GDM and type 2 diabetes, metformin use in pregnancy is increasing. Overall, it appears safe and effective but further research is needed to examine mechanisms linking metformin to obesity reported during childhood in some follow‐up studies.
Differences in insulin sensitivity in the partial remission phase of childhood type 1 diabetes; a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mørk Freja C. B. , Madsen Jens Otto B. , Jensen Andreas K. , Hall Gerrit V. , Pilgaard Kasper A. , Pociot Flemming , Johannesen Jesper 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsStudies suggest that type 1 diabetes (T1D) contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity (IS). Most children with T1D experience partial remission but the knowledge regarding the magnitude and implications of impaired IS in this phase is limited. Therefore, we investigate the impact of IS on the partial remission phase.MethodsIn a longitudinal study of children and adolescents, participants were seen at three clinical visits during the first 14.5 months after diagnosis of T1D. Partial remission was defined as IDAA1c (HbA1c (%) + 4*daily insulin dose) ≤ 9. Beta‐cell function was considered significant by a stimulated c‐peptide > 300 pmol/L. Participants were characterized by (i) remission or non‐remission and (ii) stimulated c‐peptide levels above or below 300 pmol/L. IS, body mass index (BMI), total body fat, sex, age, pubertal status and ketoacidosis at onset were compared.ResultsSeventy‐eight children and adolescents aged 3.3–17.7 years were included. At 14.5 months post‐diagnosis, 54.5% of the participants with stimulated c‐peptide > 300 pmol/L were not in partial remission. Participants not in remission had significant lower IS 2.5 (p = 0.032), and 14.5 (p = 0.022) months after diagnosis compared to participants in partial remission with similar c‐peptide levels. IS did not fluctuate during the remission phase.ConclusionsA number of children and adolescents have impaired IS in the remission phase of paediatric T1D and are not in remission 14.5 months after diagnosis despite stimulated c‐peptide > 300 pmol/L.
Characteristics and recognition of early infections in patients treated with commercial anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cells
Authors: Beyar‐Katz Ofrat , Kikozashvili Nino , Bar On Yael , Amit Odelia , Perry Chava , Avivi Irit , Gold Ronit , Herishanu Yair , Benyamini Noam , Duek Adrian , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Shasha David , Ram Ron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe characteristics of infections following chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells targeting CD19 in real‐word population are obscure. We analyzed infections' characteristics in the first month among consecutive patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 60, median age, 69.3 years), treated with commercial CAR‐T cells. ECOG performance status (PS) was 2‐3 in most patients (58%). Infections were observed in 45% of patients (16, 27%, bacterial infections, and 14, 23%, viral infections). Bacterial infection included clinically documented infection in 7 (Pneumonia, n = 5; periodontal infection, n = 1; and cellulitis, n = 1) and microbiology documented infection (MDI) in 9 patients (Gram‐negative rod, n = 5; Gram‐positive cocci, n = 3, bacteremia; polymicrobial, n = 1). The most common viral infection was cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation (n = 10, 17%) leading to initiation of anti‐CMV treatment in 6 (60%) among these patients. None had CMV disease. In univariate analysis, immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was associated with higher incidence of bacterial infection (OR=4.5, P = .018), while there was a trend for lower incidence of bacterial infections in patients with chemosensitive disease to bridging therapy (OR=0.375, P = .074). Age or PS was not associated with increased risk of bacterial infection. Increase in C‐reactive protein (CRP) prior to fever onset was associated with microbiologically documented infections. We conclude that infections are common in the first month following CAR‐T‐cell administration, however, were not increased in elderly patients or those presenting with poorer PS. Increase in CRP prior to fever onset could support infection over cytokine release syndrome.
Sex differences in the Norwegian Tenecteplase Trial (NOR‐TEST)
Authors: Ihle‐Hansen Håkon , Sandset Else Charlotte , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Hagberg Guri , Thommessen Bente , Rønning Ole Morten , Kvistad Christopher Elnan , Novotny Vojtech , Næss Halvor , Waje‐Andreassen Ulrike , Thomassen Lars , Logallo Nicola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeSex differences in acute ischemic stroke is of increasing interest in the era of precision medicine. We aimed to explore sex disparities in baseline characteristics, management and outcomes in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis included in the Norwegian Tenecteplase trial (NOR‐TEST).MethodsNOR‐TEST was an open‐label, randomized, blinded endpoint trial, performed from 2012 to 2016, comparing treatment with tenecteplase to treatment with alteplase within 4.5 h after acute ischemic stroke symptom onset. Sex differences at baseline, treatment and outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression models. Heterogeneity in treatment was evaluated by including an interaction term in the model.ResultsOf 1100 patients enrolled, 40% were women, and in patients aged >80 years, the proportion of women was greater than men (19% vs. 14%; p = 0.02). Women had a lower burden of cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (11% vs. 15%; p = 0.05) and a higher mean high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/L vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of women had never smoked (45% vs. 33%; p < 0.001) compared with men. While there was no sex difference in time from onset of symptoms to admission, door to needle time or in‐hospital workup, women were admitted with more severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 6.2 ± 5.6 vs. 5.3 ± 5.1; p = 0.01). Stroke mimic diagnosis was more common in women (21% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). There were no significant sex differences in clinical outcome, measured by the NIHSS, the modified Rankin Scale, intracranial hemorrhage and mortality.ConclusionWomen were underrepresented in number in NOR‐TEST. The included women had a lower cardiovascular risk factor burden and more severe strokes.
Characterization and quantification of alcohol‐related polyneuropathy by magnetic resonance neurography
Authors: Rother Christian , Bumb Jan Malte , Weiler Markus , Brault Anna , Sam Georges , Hayes John M. , Pietsch Adriana , Karimian‐Jazi Kianush , Jende Johann M. E. , Heiland Sabine , Kiefer Falk , Bendszus Martin , Kollmer Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe characterized and quantified peripheral nerve damage in alcohol‐dependent patients (ADP) by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in correlation with clinical and electrophysiologic findings.MethodsThirty‐one adult patients with a history of excessive alcohol consumption and age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls were prospectively examined. After detailed neurologic and electrophysiologic testing, the patient group was subdivided into ADP with alcohol‐related polyneuropathy (ALN) and without ALN (Non‐ALN). 3T MRN with anatomical coverage from the proximal thigh down to the tibiotalar joint was performed using dual‐echo 2‐dimensional relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation. Detailed quantification of nerve injury by morphometric (cross‐sectional area [CSA]) and microstructural MRN markers (proton spin density [ρ], apparent T2‐relaxation‐time [T2app]) was conducted in all study participants.ResultsMRN detected nerve damage in ADP with and without ALN. A proximal‐to‐distal gradient was identified for nerve T2‐weighted (T2w)‐signal and T2app in ADP, indicating a proximal predominance of nerve lesions. While all MRN markers differentiated significantly between ADP and controls, microstructural markers were able to additionally differentiate between subgroups: tibial nerve ρ at thigh level was increased in ALN (p < 0.0001) and in Non‐ALN (p = 0.0052) versus controls, and T2app was higher in ALN versus controls (p < 0.0001) and also in ALN versus Non‐ALN (p = 0.0214). T2w‐signal and CSA were only higher in ALN versus controls.ConclusionsMRN detects and quantifies peripheral nerve damage in ADP in vivo even in the absence of clinically overt ALN. Microstructural markers (T2app, ρ) are most suitable for differentiating between ADP with and without manifest ALN, and may help to elucidate the underlying pathomechanism in ALN.
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION UNDER COSTLY INFORMATION PROCESSING
Authors: Naeher Dominik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new explanation for imperfect technology adoption is proposed. In the model, agents allocate scarce attention rationally between actions and decide whether and how to adopt a technology. Introducing constraints to information processing gives rise to attentional barriers to technology adoption, which affect optimal adoption behavior. The model can explain why individuals (i) fail to adopt profitable technologies, (ii) fail to make the best use of adopted technology, (iii) treat complementary technologies as substitutes, and (iv) change their adoption decision back and forth over time. The model complements existing learning models and is consistent with empirical evidence.
An improved analytical method for determination of trans‐resveratrol and related stilbenes in grape skin by QuEChERS coupled with HPLC‐PDA‐MS
Authors: Hua Leng‐Huei , Stephen Inbaraj Baskaran , Chen Bing‐Huei 
Published: September 2021

SummaryGrape is a popular fruit crop that generates about one‐fourth of total weight as pomace during winemaking and commercial juice production. However, a significant amount of resveratrol and related stilbenes is present in grape skin, and their effective isolation enables the production of functional foods. Herein, an improved analytical method for the determination of trans‐resveratrol and related stilbenes in grape skin waste by QuEChERS method coupled with a high‐performance liquid chromatograph‐photodiode array detector‐mass spectrometer was developed. By employing a Gemini C18 column and a mobile phase of acetic acid in water (pH 3.6) and acetonitrile, a total of five resveratrol and related stilbenes could be separated within 15 min with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 and detection wavelength at 306 nm. The optimised QuEChERS conditions were 10 mL of acetonitrile, 1 mL of grape skin extract and 900 mg of magnesium sulphate plus 25 mg of primary secondary amine. Principal component analysis by two principal components (74.18%, 25.82%) could well describe the trans‐resveratrol recovery at different QuEChERS conditions. A mean recovery, as well as coefficient of variation (CV, %) of repeatability and intermediate precision, ranged from 96.6% to 104.4%, 1.96% to 3.10% and 1.68% to 4.27%, respectively, conforming to the regulation set by Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. Quantitation revealed cis‐piceid to be present in largest amount (2.616 μg mL−1), followed by trans‐piceid (1.027 μg mL−1), trans‐resveratrol (0.967 μg mL−1), ε‐viniferin (0.660 μg mL−1) and cis‐resveratrol (0.183 μg mL−1) in grape skin extract, with their corresponding contents in dried grape skin being 4.185, 1.643, 1.539, 1.056 and 0.293 μg g−1, respectively.
Accurate determination of meat mass fractions using DNA measurements for quantifying meat adulteration by digital PCR
Authors: Temisak Sasithon , Thangsunan Pattanapong , Boonnil Jiranun , Yenchum Watiporn , Hongthong Kanjana , Oss Boll Heloísa , Yata Teerapong , Rios‐Solis Leonardo , Morris Phattaraporn 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe alarming problem of meat adulteration emphasises the demand for accessible analytical approaches for food regulatory agencies to detect and, specially, to measure altered meat fractions. This study proposes a novel cross‐species triplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to simultaneously identify and quantify the ratios of pork/beef meat fractions from a total DNA content, including processed and autoclaved meat, without requiring a standard, achieving high sensitivity with a limit of quantification estimated at 0.1% (w/w) and a limit of detection down to 0.01% (w/w). A single copy nuclear gene, β‐actin, was employed as a target, accompanied with myostatin gene as a cross‐species target to quantify the meat background. The duplex assay provided a simultaneous quantification of pork and myostatin, whereas the triplex assay was able to detect pork, beef and myostatin with a decrease of technical error, cost and time.
Comparison of flow cytometry and next‐generation sequencing in minimal residual disease monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia: One institute’s practical clinical experience
Authors: F. McGowan Paul , D. Hyter Stephen , Cui Wei , Plummer Regina M. , Godwin Andrew K. , Zhang Da 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring patients with acute myeloid leukemia can be implemented through various techniques such as multiparameter flow cytometry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and next‐generation sequencing. However, there is scarce studies when comparing the data of next‐generation sequencing and flow cytometry for monitoring disease progression, particularly how they might supplement one another when used in tandem.MethodsWe investigated 107 patients via retrospective analysis using follow‐up MFC and NGS data with a total of 717 MFC and 247 NGS studies to compare these methods in monitoring minimal/measurable residual disease.Results197 instances were MFC+/NGS+, 3 were MFC−/NGS−, 44 were MFC−/NGS+, and 3 are MFC+/NGS−. The majority of the MFC−/NGS+cases occurred within 6 months during the post‐treatment phase (64%). Among 44 MFC−/NGS+instances, 13 had similar NGS profiles to their original day 0 diagnosis. The remaining cases showed preleukemic clonal hematopoiesis mutations, “likely pathogenic mutations,” or “variants of uncertain significance.”ConclusionOur findings show that flow cytometry has its advantages with comparable sensitivity in detecting minimal/measurable residual disease. Next‐generation sequencing could be used in an increased and more regular capacity in conjunction with flow cytometry to achieve a more comprehensive surveillance of these patients, resulting in improved outcomes.