bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential oil of Cymbopogon martini, source of geraniol, as a potential antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtilis, a pathogen of the bakery industry
Authors: Santamarta Sara , Aldavero A. Cristina , Rojo M Angeles 
Published: October 2021

Background: Bacteria can adhere and grow on any surface due to their chemical and physical interaction, leading to the development of biofilms. Essential oils have a great potential for use in the food industry, as they can effectively prevent the presence of some pathogenic microorganisms. Species such as those in the Bacillus genus have the ability to produce toxins. Some strains of Bacillus subtilis have been related to cases of food‐borne diseases. In the bakery industry, B. subtilis also has been related to “rope” disease, linked to bread preservation processes. Methods: The aim of the study was to analyse the antibacterial properties of 24 chemotyped essential oils against the growth of B. subtilis. The biological activity study was carried out using disk diffusion in agar and broth dilution methods. Results: The essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia had a high geraniol content (>80.53%) and showed a high antimicrobial effect against the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis. Binary combinations of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia oil with Eugenia caryophyllus showed antagonistic effects on B. subtilis. Conclusions: The essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii var. motia has an interesting potential use in the bakery industry as a preservative, in applications such as nano encapsulation for bakery doughs, active packaging of baked products, or surface disinfectants.
Flat-top THz directional diagram of a DC-biased filament
Authors: Nikolaeva I. A. , Shipilo D. E. , Pushkarev D. V. , Rizaev G. E. , Mokrousova D. V. , Koribut A. V. , Grudtsyn Y. V. , Panov N. A. , Seleznev L. V. , Liu W. , Ionin A. A. , Kosareva O. G. 
Published: October 2021

In the experiment, the laser pulse (744 nm, 0.5 mJ, 90 fs) focused into the air gap between the plane electrodes biased by a 10 kV/cm field (DC-biased filament) produced terahertz (THz) radiation. At the selected frequencies of

ν
=
0.3

, 0.5, 1 THz, a wide flat-top angular distribution was measured by a bolometer rotating in the plane of the electrodes. The simulations based on the unidirectional pulse propagation equation with fine 0.01 THz resolution and 3 PHz frequency domain showed the transition of the THz directional diagram from the flat-top at

ν
≲
1

T
H
z

to the conical one at

ν
>
8

T
H
z

due to the destructive interference of THz waves from the ionization front propagating with the superluminal velocity. Refraction on the plasma is not the major factor in ring formation.
Burst-mode 100  kHz N2 ps-CARS flame thermometry with concurrent nonresonant background referencing
Authors: Lauriola Daniel K. , Hsu Paul S. , Jiang Naibo , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Meyer Terrence R. , Roy Sukesh 
Published: October 2021

A burst-mode nitrogen (

N

2

) picosecond vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ps-VCARS) system is presented for accurate flame thermometry at 100 kHz repetition rate. A frequency-tripled ps burst-mode laser is used to pump a custom optical parametric generator/amplifier to produce 607 nm broadband Stokes pulses with

120

c
m

−
1

bandwidth, along with a narrowband 532 nm pump/probe beam. A simultaneous shot-to-shot nonresonant background (NRB) measurement is implemented to account for Stokes spectral profile and beam overlap fluctuations. The 100 kHz ps-VCARS data are benchmarked in a near-adiabatic

C
H

4

/

a
i
r

Hencken calibration flame with an accuracy of 1.5% and precision of 4.7% up to peak flame temperatures. The use of

N

2

VCARS and simultaneous NRB measurements enables high-speed thermometry for a wide range of fuels and combustion applications.
High-peak-power structured beams by an Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser in a near-hemispherical cavity
Authors: Tuan P.-H. , Cheng Y.-Z. , Tsai W.-C. , Cheng K.-T. 
Published: October 2021

An

N
d

:

Y
A
G

/

C
r

4
+

:

Y
A
G

passively

Q

-switched (PQS) laser in a near-hemispherical cavity is exploited to generate high-order structured pulsed fields. Under tightly focused on-axis pumping, radial-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes with controllable mode orders by the input pump power are realized to exhibit quite stable temporal behavior. The pulse repetition rates of radial-LG modes can reach up to 78 kHz with an average output power of 0.57 W and peak power beyond 300 W under a 5-W pump level. Furthermore, by introducing 1D off-axis pumping into the PQS laser, various structured pulsed fields with transverse morphologies as high-order Ince–Gaussian (IG) modes are further created. With clean and well-defined beam structures, the IG pulsed fields can be nicely reconstructed by the resonant modes of the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation for spherical cavities. More importantly, these high-order PQS IG modes reveal highly regular pulse trains with the maximum pulse repetition rate beyond 20 kHz and overall peak power higher than 1.5 kW.
Larval ecology and bionomics of Anopheles funestus in highland and lowland sites in western Kenya
Authors: Debrah Isaiah , Afrane Yaw A. , Amoah Linda E. , Ochwedo Kevin O. , Mukabana Wolfgang R. , Zhong Daibin , Zhou Guofa , Lee Ming‑Chieh , Onyango Shirley A. , Magomere Edwin O. , Atieli Harrysone , Githeko Andrew K. , Yan Guiyun 
Published: October 2021

Background
An. funestus is a major Afrotropical vector of human malaria. This study sought to investigate the larval ecology, sporozoite infection rates and blood meal sources of An. funestus in western Kenya.

Methods
Larval surveys were carried out in Bungoma (Highland) and Kombewa (lowland) of western Kenya. Aquatic habitats were identified, characterized, georeferenced and carefully examined for mosquito larvae and predators. Indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled using pyrethrum spray catches. Adults and larvae were morphologically and molecularly identified to species. Sporozoite infections and blood meal sources were detected using real-time PCR and ELISA respectively.

Results
Of the 151 aquatic habitats assessed, 62/80 (78%) in Bungoma and 58/71(82%) in Kombewa were positive for mosquito larvae. Of the 3,193 larvae sampled, An. funestus larvae constitute 38% (1224/3193). Bungoma recorded a higher number of An. funestus larvae (85%, 95%, CI, 8.722–17.15) than Kombewa (15%, 95%, CI, 1.33–3.91). Molecular identification of larvae showed that 89% (n = 80) were An. funestus. Approximately 59%, 35% and 5% of An. funestus larvae co-existed with An. gambiae s.l, Culex spp and An. coustani in the same habitats respectively. Of 1,221 An. funestus s.l adults sampled, molecular identifications revealed that An. funestus constituted 87% (n = 201) and 88% (n = 179) in Bungoma and Kombewa, respectively. The Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rate of An. funestus in Bungoma and Kombewa was 2% (3/174) and 1% (2/157), respectively, and the human blood index of An. funestus was 84% (48/57) and 89% (39/44) and for Bungoma and Kombewa, respectively.

Conclusion
Man-made ponds had the highest abundance of An. funestus larvae. Multiple regression and principal component analyses identified the distance to the nearest house as the key environmental factor associated with the abundance of An. funestus larvae in aquatic habitats. This study serves as a guide for the control of An. funestus and other mosquito species to complement existing vector control strategies.
A retrospective multicenter comparison of conditional cancer-specific survival between laparoscopic and open radical nephroureterectomy in locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sung Han , Song Mi Kyung , Ku Ja Hyeon , Kang Seok Ho , Jeong Byong Chang , Hong Bumsik , Seo Ho Kyung 
Published: October 2021

Background
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas are relatively rare and have a cancer-specific survival rate of 20%–30%. The current gold standard treatment for nonmetastatic high-grade urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection.

Objective
This study aimed to compare conditional cancer-specific survival between open radical nephroureterectomy and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy in patients with nonmetastatic stage pT3-4 or TxN(+) locally advanced urinary tract urothelial carcinoma from five tertiary centers.

Methods
The medical records of 723 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The patients had locally advanced and nodal staged tumors and had undergone open radical nephroureterectomy (n = 388) or laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (n = 260) at five tertiary Korean institutions from January 2000 and December 2012. To control for heterogenic baseline differences between the two modalities, propensity score matching and subgroup analysis were conducted. Conditional survival analysis was also conducted to determine survival outcome and to overcome differences in follow-up duration between the groups.

Results
During the median 50.8-month follow up, 255 deaths occurred. In univariate analysis, significant factors affecting cancer-specific survival (e.g., age, history of bladder cancer, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, pathological N stage, and presence of lymphovascular invasion and carcinoma in situ) differed in each subsequent year. The cancer-specific survival between patients treated with open radical nephroureterectomy and laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was not different between patients with and without a history of bladder cancer. After adjusting baseline differences between the two groups by using propensity score matching, both groups still had no significant differences in cancer-specific survival.

Conclusion
The two surgical modalities showed no significant differences in the 5-year cancer-specific survival in patients with locally advanced urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
Non-clinical assessment of lubrication and free radical scavenging of an innovative non-animal carboxymethyl chitosan biomaterial for viscosupplementation: An in-vitro and ex-vivo study
Authors: Vandeweerd Jean-Michel , Innocenti Bernado , Rocasalbas Guillem , Gautier Sandrine Emilia , Douette Pierre , Hermitte Laurence , Hontoir Fanny , Chausson Mickael 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Lubrication and free radical scavenging are key features of biomaterials used for viscosupplementation (VS) of joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to describe the non-clinical performance characterization of KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan, a non-animal carboxymethyl chitosan, in order to assess its intended action in VS and to compare it to existing viscosupplements based on crosslinked hyaluronan (HA) formulations.

Method
The lubrication capacity of the tested viscosupplements (VS) was evaluated in-vitro and ex-vivo. In-vitro, the coefficient of friction (COF) was measured using a novel tribological system. Meanwhile, an ex-vivo biomechanical model in ovine hindlimbs was developed to assess the recovery of join mobility after an intra-articular (IA) injection. Free radical scavenging capacity of HA and KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan formulations was evaluated using the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay.

Results
In the in-vitro tribological model, KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan showed high lubrication capacity with a significant COF reduction than crosslinked HA formulations. In the ex-vivo model, the lubrication effect of KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan following an IA injection in the injured knee was proven again by a COF reduction. The recovery of joint motion was optimal with an IA injection of 3 ml of KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan, which was significantly better than the crosslinked HA formulation at the same volume. In the in-vitro TEAC assay, KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan showed a significantly higher free radical scavenging capacity than HA formulations.

Conclusion
Overall, the results provide a first insight into the mechanism of action in terms of lubrication and free radical scavenging for the use of KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan as a VS treatment of OA. KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan demonstrated a higher capacity to scavenge free radicals, and it showed a higher recovery of mobility after a knee lesion than crosslinked HA formulations. This difference could be explained by the difference in chemical structure between KiOmedine® CM-Chitosan and HA and their formulations.
Metodología diseño de secadores híbridos solar- biomasa para frutas
Authors: Rachen-Soler Maickol Eduardo , Rúa-Ramírez Edwin Blasnilo , León-Medina Jersson Xavier , Torres-Díaz Edwin 
Published: October 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto que tuvo como objetivo crear una alternativa de solución al desperdicio de fruta, asunto que se vive a nivel mundial, y al de emisiones de CO2 por causa de combustibles fósiles que actualmente se queman. Por lo anterior, se realiza una metodología para el diseño y construcción de un secador hibrido solar­biomasa planteándose una simulación con herramientas computacionales utilizando métodos numéricos, y dinámica computacional de fluidos ­CFD (computational fluid dynamics). Como perspectiva de investigación se proponen comparaciones de los perfiles de velocidad y temperatura con y sin producto de secado simulados, contra mediciones experimentales.
Masmédiá na Slovensku a ich úloha pri formovaní (po)vedomia o environmentálnych problémoch a podpore kritického myslenia
Authors: Huba Mikuláš 
Published: October 2021

Napriek rozmachu sociálnych sietí prostriedky masovej komunikácie (masmédiá) naďalej zohrávajú dôležitú a nezastupiteľnú úlohu v spoločnosti. Od šírenia informácií, cez formovanie verejného povedomia až po relax a zábavu- V príspevku sme sa zamerali na úlohu, ktorú v uplynulých 30 rokoch zohrali a zohrávajú médiá na Slovensku pri formovaní (po)vedomia o environmentálnych problémoch a pri podpore kritického myslenia. Všímame si pritom zmeny, ktorými masmédiá prešli od porevolučného obdobia začiatkom 90-tych rokov minulého storočia cez rôzne vývojové až po súčasnosť. Bližšie si všímame niektoré environmentálne kauza a ich aktérov, ako aj postoj kľúčových elektronických a printových médií k nim. Hľadáme odpoveď na otázku, ktoré environmentálne relevantné témy dominovali a dominujú v našom mediálnom priestore? Mapujeme vznik, fungovanie a zväčša i predčasný zánik environmentálne orientovaných médií, relácií a pod. Pýtame sa, čo sa stalo s ich protagonistami, resp., kto ich nahradil a kto je dnes reálnym či potenciálnym nositeľom tých tém v slovenských médiách. Prinášame výsledky niektorých aktuálnych výskumov. Snažíme sa identifikovať hlavné problémy, prekážky a nedostatky, ktoré bránili a bránia tomu, aby si médiá plnili svoju úlohu v tejto oblasti efektívnejšie a navrhujeme niektoré opatrenia či riešenia.
Napriek rozmachu sociálnych sietí prostriedky masovej komunikácie (masmédiá) naďalej zohrávajú dôležitú a nezastupiteľnú úlohu v spoločnosti. Od šírenia informácií, cez formovanie verejného povedomia až po relax a zábavu- V príspevku sme sa zamerali na úlohu, ktorú v uplynulých 30 rokoch zohrali a zohrávajú médiá na Slovensku pri formovaní (po)vedomia o environmentálnych problémoch a pri podpore kritického myslenia. Všímame si pritom zmeny, ktorými masmédiá prešli od porevolučného obdobia začiatkom 90-tych rokov minulého storočia cez rôzne vývojové až po súčasnosť. Bližšie si všímame niektoré environmentálne kauza a ich aktérov, ako aj postoj kľúčových elektronických a printových médií k nim. Hľadáme odpoveď na otázku, ktoré environmentálne relevantné témy dominovali a dominujú v našom mediálnom priestore? Mapujeme vznik, fungovanie a zväčša i predčasný zánik environmentálne orientovaných médií, relácií a pod. Pýtame sa, čo sa stalo s ich protagonistami, resp., kto ich nahradil a kto je dnes reálnym či potenciálnym nositeľom tých tém v slovenských médiách. Prinášame výsledky niektorých aktuálnych výskumov. Snažíme sa identifikovať hlavné problémy, prekážky a nedostatky, ktoré bránili a bránia tomu, aby si médiá plnili svoju úlohu v tejto oblasti efektívnejšie a navrhujeme niektoré opatrenia či riešenia.
On the domain of difference double sequence spaces of arbitrary orders
Authors: Samantaray S. , Baliarsingh Pinakadhar , Nayak L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The prime objective of this paper is to define a new double
difference operator with arbitrary order via which new classes of
difference double sequences are introduced. Results on topological
structures, dual spaces and four-dimensional matrix mappings
related to the proposed difference double sequence spaces are
discussed. As an application of this work, the proposed operator
is being used to approximate partial derivatives of fractional
orders. Some numerical examples are also given in support of the
validity or the clear visualization of the results obtained.
Quantitative serological evaluation as a valuable tool in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign
Authors: Ferrari Davide , Mangia Alessandra , Spanò Maria Sestina , Zaffarano Lucia , Viganò Marco , Di Resta Chiara , Locatelli Massimo , Ciceri Fabio , De Vecchi Elena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
After exceptional research efforts, several vaccines were developed against SARS-CoV-2 which sustains the pandemic COVID-19. The Comirnaty vaccine showed high efficacy in clinical trials and was the first to be approved for its distribution to the general population. We evaluated the immune response induced by the first vaccine dose in different sex/age groups and subjects with or without naturally present anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Methods
As part of an Italian multicenter project (Covidiagnostix), serum samples from 4,290 health-professionals were serologically tested the day of the first vaccination dose, and 21 days later, using two different instrumentations (Siemens-Healthineers and Roche).

Results
In total, 97% of samples showed the presence of specific antibodies 21 days after the vaccination dose; the percentage of non-responders increased with age in both genders. Remarkably, naturally seropositive individuals showed antibody persistence up to 11 months and an exceptionally higher vaccination response compared to subjects never infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions
This study highlighted the importance of the serological test i) to identify naturally SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals and ii) to evaluate the antibody level elicited by the first vaccination dose. Both tests, highlighted differences in the immune response, when subjects were stratified by sex and age, and between naturally seropositive and seronegative subjects.
The data obtained show how serological tests could play a crucial role in the triage of the population subjected to the vaccination campaign for COVID-19. The definition of suitable instrumentation-specific thresholds is needed to correctly follow eventually acquired post-vaccination immunity in the general population.
New approach for assigning mean oxidation number of carbons to organonitrogen and organosulfur compounds
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Organonitrogen and organosulfur compounds are abundant in the natural environment. To understand the biological redox pathways properly, it is important for learners to be able to count the oxidation number of organic carbons. However, the process of counting is not always easy. In addition, organonitrogen and organosulfur molecules are seldom studied. To compensate these problems, this paper explores the bond-dividing method, which can effectively determine the mean oxidation number of carbons of organonitrogen and organosulfur molecules. This method uses the cleavage of carbon-sulfur and carbon-nitrogen bonds to obtain the organic and inorganic fragments. The mean oxidation numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms can be calculated by the molecular formulas of their fragments. Furthermore, when comparing organosulfur or organonitrogen molecules in a redox conversion, the changes of the mean oxidation numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms can be used as indicators to identify the redox positions and determine the number of transferred electrons.
Properties of polyurethane foam with fourth-generation blowing agent
Authors: Yakushin Vladimir , Cabulis Ugis , Fridrihsone Velta , Kravchenko Sergey , Pauliks Romass 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change makes it imperative to use materials with minimum global warming potential. The fourth-generation blowing agent HCFO-1233zd-E is one of them. The use of HCFO allows the production of polyurethane foam with low thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity, like other foam properties, depends not only on the density but also on the cellular structure of the foam. The cellular structure, in turn, depends on the technological parameters of foam production. A comparison of pouring and spray foams of the same low density has shown that the cellular structure of spray foam consists of cells with much less sizes than pouring foam. Due to the small size of cells, spray foam has a lower radiative constituent in the foam conductivity and, as a result, a lower overall thermal conductivity than pouring foam. The water absorption of spray foam, due to the fine cellular structure, also is lower than that of pouring foam. Pouring foam with bigger cells has higher compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in the foam rise direction. On the contrary, spray foam with a fine cellular structure has higher strength and modulus in the perpendicular direction. The effect of foam aging on thermal conductivity was also studied.
CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether over In2O3 catalysts supported on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Pechenkin Alexey , Potemkin Dmitry , Badmaev Sukhe , Smirnova Ekaterina , Cherednichenko Kirill , Vinokurov Vladimir , Glotov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work presents results on CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether (DME) over bifunctional catalysts consisting of In2O3, supported on natural clay halloysite nanotubes (HNT), and HNT modified with Al-MCM-41 silica arrays. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, STEM, EDX-mapping, NH3-TPD, XRD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, TPO, and H2-TPR techniques. Catalytic properties of In2O3/HNT and In2O3/Al-MCM-41/HNT in the CO2 hydrogenation to DME were investigated in a fixed-bed continuous flow stainless steel reactor at 10–40 atm, in the temperature range of 200–300°C, at GHSV = 12,000 h−1 and molar ratio of H2:CO2 = 3:1. The best catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation was In2O3/Al-MCM-41/HNT that provided DME production rate 0.15 gDME·(gcat·h)−1 with DME selectivity 53% and at 40 bar, GHSV = 12,000 h−1, and T = 250°C. It was shown that In2O3/Al-MCM-41/HNT exhibited stable operation for at least 40 h on stream.
Deciphering the role of multilingualism in creativity at university: the influence of context
Authors: de Prada Creo Elena , Mareque Mercedes , Pino-Juste Margarita 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite the close connection between creativity, multilingualism and multiculturalism, limited research has focused on their specific features in contexts where English is a foreign language. In order to fill this gap, this paper examines this relationship in two different bilingual situations: Spanish–Galician (same cultural context) and Spanish–English (different cultural context). For this purpose, a survey was devised to elicit students’ multilingualism, multicultural experiences and creativity. The results show that advanced English skills improve creative development. They also verify that living in a new cultural context benefits bilingualism/multilingualism (English) and creativity. Additionally, it was confirmed that being bilingual in Spanish–English fosters creativity. However, no significant differences were found when students were bilingual in the same cultural context (Galician–Spanish). Thus, bilingualism/multilingualism is confirmed to impact creativity only when it occurs in different cultural contexts. The most significant implication emphasizes the need to foster opportunities for multiculturalism to increase creativity.