bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of Coulomb interaction screening on the excitons in disordered two-dimensional insulators
Authors: Kirichenko E. V. , Stephanovich V. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study the joint effect of disorder and Coulomb interaction screening on the exciton spectra in two-dimensional (2D) structures. These can be van der Waals structures or heterostructures of organic (polymeric) semiconductors as well as inorganic substances like transition metal dichalcogenides. We consider 2D screened hydrogenic problem with Rytova–Keldysh interaction by means of so-called fractional Scrödinger equation. Our main finding is that above synergy between screening and disorder either destroys the exciton (strong screening) or promote the creation of a bound state, leading to its collapse in the extreme case. Our second finding is energy levels crossing, i.e. the degeneracy (with respect to index$$\mu $$μ) of the exciton eigenenergies at certain discrete value of screening radius. Latter effects may also be related to the quantum manifestations of chaotic exciton behavior in above 2D semiconductor structures. Hence, they should be considered in device applications, where the interplay between dielectric screening and disorder is important.
Prognostic significance of p53, Sox11, and Pax5 co-expression in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jing Caixia , Zheng Yuhuan , Feng Yu , Cao Xia , Xu Caigang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a relatively rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. To identify molecular biomarkers in MCL, we performed immunohistochemistry tissue arrays using biopsies from 64 MCL patients diagnosed in West China Hospital from 2012 to 2016. TP53 mutation status in those patients was also examined by sequencing. The sequencing results showed TP53 mutations were highly heterogeneous in MCL. We identified four novel TP53 mutations in MCL: P151R, G199R, V218E, and G325R. The MCL patients with TP53 mutations had inferior progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.002) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.011). Tissue array results showed the expression of p53, Sox11, or Pax5 alone did not correlate with the patient PFS and OS. However, the MCL patients with triple-positive expression of p53/Sox11/Pax5 had inferior PFS (p = 0.008) and OS (p = 0.002). Such risk stratification was independent to the mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI), Ki-67 value, and TP53 mutation status of the patients. The triple-positive patients might represent a subtype of high-risk MCL. Our findings might indicate a novel way to stratify MCL and predict patients’ prognosis.
Critical supply chains for mitigating PM2.5 emission-related mortalities in India
Authors: Mitoma Haruka , Nagashima Fumiya , Kagawa Shigemi , Nansai Keisuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAir pollution and its health-related effects are a major concern globally, and many people die from air pollution-related diseases each year. This study employed a structural path analysis combined with a health impact inventory database analysis to estimate the number of consumption-based PM2.5 emission-related deaths attributed to India’s power supply sector. We identified critical supply chain paths for direct (production) electricity use and indirect (consumption) use. We also considered both domestic and foreign final demand and its effect on PM2.5 emission-related deaths. Several conclusions could be drawn from our results. First, the effect of indirect electricity usage on PM2.5 emission-related deaths is approximately four times larger than that for direct usage. Second, a large percentage of pollution-related deaths can be attributed to India’s domestic final demand usage; however, electricity usage in the intermediate and final demand sectors is inextricably linked. Third, foreign final demand sectors from the Middle East, the USA, and China contribute indirectly toward PM2.5 emission-related deaths, specifically in the rice export supply chain. The results show that the Indian government should implement urgent measures to curb electricity use in rice supply chains in order to reduce the number of PM2.5 emission-related deaths.
Synthesis and comparative study on the structural and optical properties of ZnO doped with Ni and Ag nanopowders fabricated by sol gel technique
Authors: Al-Ariki S. , Yahya Nabil A. A. , Al-A’nsi Sua’ad A. , Jumali M. H. Hj , Jannah A. N. , Abd-Shukor R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work we have tried to prepare Ni and Ag doped ZnO nanopowders using the sol gel technique. The influence of Ni and Ag (1, 3 and 5 mol.%) on the crystalline structure and optical properties of ZnO was investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV–visible spectrophotometer. XRD patterns confirmed the wurtzite formation of doped and undoped ZnO nanopowders. The average crystallite sizes of the prepared samples found from XRD were 19 nm for undoped ZnO, from 17 to 22 nm for Ni-ZnO and from 19 to 26 nm for Ag-ZnO. The average crystallite size of Ag-ZnO increased with increasing Ag contents. Different optical properties of Ni-ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanopowders were observed for different Ni and Ag content. The band gaps of Ni-ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanopowders were lower than that of the undoped ZnO (3.1 eV). The band gaps of Ag-ZnO were lower than that of Ni-ZnO. The optical properties of ZnO were enhanced by Ni (mol.%) in the UV region and by Ag (3 and 5 mol.%) in the visible region.
Speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars produced by pyrolysis of chicken manure and water-washed swine manure
Authors: Wang Andong , Zou Dongsheng , Zeng Xinyi , Chen Bin , Zheng Xiaochen , Li Longcheng , Zhang Liqing , Xiao Zhihua , Wang Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 °C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 °C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 °C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.
Combination treatment with U0126 and rt-PA prevents adverse effects of the delayed rt-PA treatment after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Orset Cyrille , Arkelius Kajsa , Anfray Antoine , Warfvinge Karin , Vivien Denis , Ansar Saema 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn acute ischemic stroke, the only FDA-approved drug; recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is limited by restricted time-window due to an enhanced risk of hemorrhagic transformation which is thought to be caused by metalloproteinase (MMP). In experimental stroke inhibitors of the mitogen–activated protein kinase kinase extracellular signal–regulated kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 pathways reduce the MMPs. This study evaluated whether a MEK1/2 inhibitor in combination with rt-PA can prevent the detrimental effects of delayed rt-PA therapy in stroke. Thromboembolic stroke was induced in C57 black/6J mice and the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was administrated 3.5 h and rt-PA 4 h post stroke-onset. Treatment with rt-PA demonstrated enhanced MMP-9 protein levels and hemorrhagic transformation which was prevented when U0126 was given in conjunction with rt-PA. By blocking the MMP-9 with U0126 the safety of rt-PA administration was improved and demonstrates a promising adjuvant strategy to reduce the harmful effects of delayed rt-PA treatment in acute ischemic stroke.
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts differs depending on tissue origin and replicative senescence
Authors: Grotheer Vera , Skrynecki Nadine , Oezel Lisa , Windolf Joachim , Grassmann Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe need for an autologous cell source for bone tissue engineering and medical applications has led researchers to explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which show stem cell plasticity, in various human tissues. However, MSC with different tissue origins vary in their biological properties and their capability for osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, MSC-based therapies require large-scale ex vivo expansion, accompanied by cell type-specific replicative senescence, which affects osteogenic differentiation. To elucidate cell type-specific differences in the osteogenic differentiation potential and replicative senescence, we analysed the impact of BMP and TGF-β signaling in adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC), fibroblasts (FB), and dental pulp stromal cells (DSC). We used inhibitors of BMP and TGF-β signaling, such as SB431542, dorsomorphin and/or a supplemental addition of BMP-2. The expression of high-affinity binding receptors for BMP-2 and calcium deposition with alizarin red S were evaluated to assess osteogenic differentiation potential. Our study demonstrated that TGF-β signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation of ASC, DSC and FB in the early cell culture passages. Moreover, DSC had the best osteogenic differentiation potential and an activation of BMP signaling with BMP-2 could further enhance this capacity. This phenomenon is likely due to an increased expression of activin receptor-like kinase-3 and -6. However, in DSC with replicative senescence (in cell culture passage 10), osteogenic differentiation sharply decreased, and the simultaneous use of BMP-2 and SB431542 did not result in further improvement of this process. In comparison, ASC retain a similar osteogenic differentiation potential regardless of whether they were in the early (cell culture passage 3) or later (cell culture passage 10) stages. Our study elucidated that ASC, DSC, and FB vary functionally in their osteogenic differentiation, depending on their tissue origin and replicative senescence. Therefore, our study provides important insights for cell-based therapies to optimize prospective bone tissue engineering strategies.
Improvement of hyperlipidemia by aerobic exercise in mice through a regulatory effect of miR-21a-5p on its target genes
Authors: Zhao Jinfeng , Song Yicun , Zeng Yu , Chen Longchang , Yan Feng , Chen Anping , Wu Baoai , Wang Yaxin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and miR-21a-5p plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of hyperlipidemia. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of aerobic exercise improved hyperlipidemia through enhancing miR-21a-5p expression. In this study, high-fat/high-cholesterol diet mice received 8 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention, then we collected plasma and liver samples, we found that there had a notable improvement in weight gain, blood lipid level, and liver steatosis in hyperlipidemia mice after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise intervention. Besides, aerobic exercise significantly up-regulated the expression of miR-21a-5p and provoked favorable changes in the expression of target genes. Knockdown of miR-21a-5p resulted in dysregulation of lipid metabolism and increased expression of FABP7, HMGCR, ACAT1, and OLR1. While aerobic exercise could alleviate miR-21a-5p knock-down induced lipid metabolism disorder. Taken together, these results demonstrated that aerobic exercise improved hyperlipidemia through miR-21a-5p-induced inhibition of target genes FABP7, HMGCR, ACAT1, and OLR1.
Crystal structures of aconitase X enzymes from bacteria and archaea provide insights into the molecular evolution of the aconitase superfamily
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Murase Yohsuke , Watanabe Yasunori , Sakurai Yasuhiro , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAconitase superfamily members catalyze the homologous isomerization of specific substrates by sequential dehydration and hydration and contain a [4Fe-4S] cluster. However, monomeric and heterodimeric types of function unknown aconitase X (AcnX) have recently been characterized as a cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline dehydratase (AcnXType-I) and mevalonate 5-phosphate dehydratase (AcnXType-II), respectively. We herein elucidated the crystal structures of AcnXType-I from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AtAcnX) and AcnXType-II from Thermococcus kodakarensis (TkAcnX) without a ligand and in complex with substrates. AtAcnX and TkAcnX contained the [2Fe-2S] and [3Fe-4S] clusters, respectively, conforming to UV and EPR spectroscopy analyses. The binding sites of the [Fe-S] cluster and substrate were clearlydifferent from those that were completely conserved in other aconitase enzymes; however, theoverall structural frameworks and locations of active sites were partially similar to each other.These results provide novel insights into the evolutionary scenario of the aconitase superfamilybased on the recruitment hypothesis.
Describing the movement of molecules in reduced-dimension models
Authors: Savage Natasha S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen addressing spatial biological questions using mathematical models, symmetries within the system are often exploited to simplify the problem by reducing its physical dimension. In a reduced-dimension model molecular movement is restricted to the reduced dimension, changing the nature of molecular movement. This change in molecular movement can lead to quantitatively and even qualitatively different results in the full and reduced systems. Within this manuscript we discuss the condition under which restricted molecular movement in reduced-dimension models accurately approximates molecular movement in the full system. For those systems which do not satisfy the condition, we present a general method for approximating unrestricted molecular movement in reduced-dimension models. We will derive a mathematically robust, finite difference method for solving the 2D diffusion equation within a 1D reduced-dimension model. The methods described here can be used to improve the accuracy of many reduced-dimension models while retaining benefits of system simplification.
A data‐driven network optimisation approach to coordinated control of distributed photovoltaic systems and smart buildings in distribution systems
Authors: Bai Linquan , Xue Yaosuo , Xu Guanglin , Dong Jin , Olama Mohammed M. , Kuruganti Teja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe increasing integration of distributed energy resources, including demand‐side resources and distributed photovoltaics (PVs), into distribution systems has resulted in more complicated power system operation. A data‐driven network optimisation approach is proposed to coordinate the control of distributed PVs and smart buildings in distribution networks considering the uncertainties of solar power, outdoor temperature and heat gain associated with building thermal dynamics. These uncertain parameters have a significant impact on the operation and control of distributed PVs and smart buildings, bringing challenges to the distribution system operation. In the proposed data‐driven distributionally robust optimisation (DRO) approach, the Wasserstein ball is used to construct an ambiguity set for the uncertain parameters, which does not require the probability distributions to be known. Furthermore, a conditional value‐at‐risk is incorporated into the Wasserstein‐based DRO model and converted into a computationally tractable mixed‐integer convex optimisation problem. Benchmarked with robust optimisation and chance‐constrained programming, the proposed data‐driven model can give a less conservative robust solution.
Track Segment Association via track graph representation learning
Authors: Xiong Wei , Xu Pingliang , Cui Yaqi , Xiong Zhenyu , Gu Xiangqi , Lv Yafei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTraditional Track Segment Association (TSA) methods used track position vectors or other track information to get association results. However, simply extracting the track position information to form track vectors will lead to the loss of irregular structure information. To solve this problem, a Track Graph Representation Association (TGRA) method is proposed. Through node‐level local track point embedding and graph‐level track graph embedding, representations of track segments can be obtained and irregular structure information can be retained simultaneously. Then, by the constraint of loss function, track segments belonging to the same target become closer, track segments belonging to different targets become farther in representation space. Finally, the nearest neighbour embedding in representation space is picked as associated tracks. Simulation results demonstrate that TGRA has good adaptability and anti‐noise ability, and it can outperform other TSA methods in both quality and efficiency. Compared with the best performance, the average true association rate of TGRA can be increased by 2.8% in short interrupt intervals and 1.3% in long interrupt intervals, respectively.
Kinetic electrostatic waves and their association with current structures in the solar wind
Authors: Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Johansson E. P. G. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Maksimovic M. , Souček J. , Píša D. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Kretzschmar M. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V. 
Published: June 2021

Context.A variety of kinetic electrostatic and electromagnetic waves develop in the solar wind and the relationship between these waves and larger scale structures, such as current sheets and ongoing turbulence, remain a topic of investigation. Similarly, the instabilities producing ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind are still an open question.Aims.The goals of this paper are to investigate electrostatic Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind at 0.5 AU and determine whether current sheets and associated streaming instabilities can produce the observed waves. The relationship between these waves and currents observed in the solar wind is investigated statistically.Methods.Solar Orbiter’s Radio and Plasma Waves instrument suite provides high-resolution snapshots of the fluctuating electric field. The Low Frequency Receiver resolves the waveforms of ion-acoustic waves and the Time Domain Sampler resolves the waveforms of both ion-acoustic and Langmuir waves. Using these waveform data, we determine when these waves are observed in relation to current structures in the solar wind, estimated from the background magnetic field.Results.Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves are frequently observed in the solar wind. Ion-acoustic waves are observed about 1% of the time at 0.5 AU. The waves are more likely to be observed in regions of enhanced currents. However, the waves typically do not occur at current structures themselves. The observed currents in the solar wind are too small to drive instability by the relative drift between single ion and electron populations. When multi-component ion or electron distributions are present, the observed currents may be sufficient for instabilities to occur. Ion beams are the most plausible source of ion-acoustic waves in the solar wind. The spacecraft potential is confirmed to be a reliable probe of the background electron density when comparing the peak frequencies of Langmuir waves with the plasma frequency calculated from the spacecraft potential.
Individual Muscle Adaptations in different Resistance Training Systems in Well-Trained Men
Authors: Angleri Vitor , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Libardi Cleiton Augusto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing a within-subject design we compared the individual responses between drop-set (DS) vs. traditional resistance training (TRAD) (n=16) and crescent pyramid (CP) vs. TRAD (n=15). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), leg press and leg extension 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) were assessed pre and post training. At group level, CSA increased from pre to post (DS: 7.8% vs. TRAD: 7.5%, P=0.02; CP: 7.5% vs. TRAD: 7.8%, P=0.02). All protocols increased the 1-RM from pre to post for leg press (DS: 24.9% vs. TRAD: 26.8%, P < 0.0001; CP: 27.3% vs. TRAD:2 6.3%, P < 0.0001) and leg extension (DS: 17.1% vs. TRAD: 17.3%, P < 0.0001; CP: 17.0% vs. TRAD: 16.6%, P < 0.0001). Individual analysis for CSA demonstrated no differences between protocols in 15 subjects. For leg press 1-RM, 5 subjects responded more to TRAD, 2 to DS and 9 similarly between protocols. In TRAD vs. CP, 4 subjects responded more to CP, 1 to TRAD and 10 similarly between protocols. For leg extension 1-RM 2 subjects responded more to DS, 3 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. Additionally, 2 subjects responded more to CP, 2 to TRAD and 11 similarly between protocols. In conclusion, all protocols induced similar individual responses for CSA. For 1-RM, some subjects experience greater gains for the protocol performed with higher loads, such as CP.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Dehydrative Allylic Cyclization of Five-Membered Chalcogen Heteroaromatics
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Kitamura Masato , Iwase Shoutaro , Kanda Sena , Kato Marie , Kiriyama Yutaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe asymmetric dehydrative intramolecular allylation reactions of furan and thiophene were performed using a cationic cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium (CpRu) complex of a chiral pyridine carboxylic acid, namely Cl-Naph-PyCOOH. Both furan and thiophene tethered with an allylic alcohol gave the corresponding bicyclic compounds in high yields and enantioselectivities using 0.1–5 mol% of the catalyst. The reaction was found to proceed via a similar enantioface selection mechanism to that previously reported by our group, which involved halogen and hydrogen bond formation, in addition to the generation of an intermediate σ-allyl complex.
Ocular Trauma with Ophthalmic Artery Injury as a Rare Cause of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Veldeman Michael , Ridwan Hani , Hasan Dimah , Rieg Annette , Clusmann Hans , Schubert Gerrit Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and Importance Traumatic avulsion of the ophthalmic artery is a rare cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this case, a relative minor fall with isolated ocular trauma caused bulbar dislocation and rupture of the ophthalmic artery in its intracranial segment resulting in subarachnoid bleeding.
Clinical Presentation In a female patient in her 70s, a direct penetrating trauma to the orbit by a door handle resulted in basal SAH with blood dispersion into both Sylvian fissures. Cerebral angiography revealed a blunt-ending stump at the origin of the ophthalmic artery. To provide protection against further bleeding, a flow diverter stent was placed in the internal carotid artery to cover the origin of the ophthalmic artery. After a longer intensive care stay complicated by pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency, the patient made a full recovery. Of all four reported cases (including ours), delayed cerebral ischemia was seen in one patient and hydrocephalus in two patients. These potential complications necessitate close observation and fitting treatment similar to aneurysmal SAH.
Conclusion Due to similar physiologic aspects, this type of bleed mimics many aspects of aneurysmal SAH. In this case, we observed no hydrocephalus or the development of delayed cerebral ischemia. This represents, however, the first reported case treated by placement of a flow diverter stent to prevent rebleeding and pseudoaneurysm formation.