bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmonizing the Mooring System Reliability of Multiline Anchor Wind Farms
Authors: Hallowell Spencer T. , Arwade Sanjay R. , Diaz Brian D. , Aubeny Charles P. , Fontana Casey M. , DeGroot Don J. , Landon Melissa E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of many barriers to the deployment of floating offshore wind turbines is the high cost of vessel time needed for soil investigations and anchor installation. A multiline anchor system is proposed in which multiple floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are connected to a single caisson. The connection of multiple FOWTs to a single anchor introduces interconnectedness throughout the wind farm. Previous work by the authors has shown that this interconnectedness reduces the reliability of the FOWT below an acceptable level when exposed to survival loading conditions. To combat the reduction in system reliability an overstrength factor (OSF) is applied to the anchors functioning as an additional safety factor. For a 100 turbine wind farm, single-line system reliabilities can be achieved using the multiline system with an OSF of 1.10, a 10% increase in multiline anchor safety factors for all anchors in a farm.
Dynamic Detection of Mobile Malware Using Smartphone Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Panman de Wit J. S. , Bucur D. , van der Ham J. 
Published: September 2021

Mobile malware are malicious programs that target mobile devices. They are an increasing problem, as seen with the rise of detected mobile malware samples per year. The number of active smartphone users is expected to grow, stressing the importance of research on the detection of mobile malware. Detection methods for mobile malware exist but are still limited.In this article, we provide an overview of the performance of machine learning (ML) techniques to detect malware on Android, without using privileged access. The ML-classifiers use device information such as the CPU usage, battery usage, and memory usage for the detection of 10 subtypes of Mobile Trojans on the Android Operating System.We use a real-life dataset containing device and malware data from 47 users for a year (2016). We examine which features, i.e., aspects, of a device, are most important to monitor to detect (subtypes of) Mobile Trojans. The focus of this article is on dynamic hardware features. Using these dynamic features we apply state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers: Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour, and AdaBoost. We show classification results on different feature sets, making a distinction between global device features, and specific app features. None of the measured feature sets require privileged access.Our results show that the Random Forest classifier performs best as a general malware classifier: across 10 subtypes of Mobile Trojans, it achieves an F1 score of 0.73 with a False Positive Rate (FPR) of 0.009 and a False Negative Rate (FNR) of 0.380. The Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbours, and AdaBoost classifiers achieve F1 scores above 0.72, an FPR below 0.02 and, an FNR below 0.33, when trained separately to detect each subtype of Mobile Trojans.
High-burden Cancers in Middle-income Countries: A Review of Prevention and Early Detection Strategies Targeting At-risk Populations
Authors: Dare Anna J. , Knapp Gregory C. , Romanoff Anya , Olasehinde Olalekan , Famurewa Olusola C. , Komolafe Akinwumi O. , Olatoke Samuel , Katung Aba , Alatise Olusegun I. , Kingham T. Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer incidence is rising in low- and especially middle-income countries (MIC), driven primarily by four high-burden cancers (breast, cervix, lung, colorectal). By 2030, more than two-thirds of all cancer deaths will occur in MICs. Prevention and early detection are required alongside efforts to improve access to cancer treatment. Successful strategies for decreasing cancer mortality in high-income countries are not always effective, feasible or affordable in other countries. In this review, we evaluate strategies for prevention and early detection of breast, cervix, lung, and colorectal cancers, focusing on modifiable risk factors and high-risk subpopulations. Tobacco taxation, human papilloma virus vaccination, cervical cancer screen-and-treat strategies, and efforts to reduce patient and health system–related delays in the early detection of breast and colorectal cancer represent the highest yield strategies for advancing cancer control in many MICs. An initial focus on high-risk populations is appropriate, with increasing population coverage as resources allow. These strategies can deliver significant cancer mortality gains, and serve as a foundation from which countries can develop comprehensive cancer control programs. Investment in national cancer surveillance infrastructure is needed; the absence of national cancer data to identify at-risk groups remains a barrier to the development of context-specific cancer control strategies.
Checkpoint Blockade + Chemotherapy: the Right Combination for AML?
Authors: Wei Spencer C. , Mancuso James J. , Daver Naval , Allison James P. 
Published: September 2021

Summary:
An emerging strategy to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in relapsed/refractory cancers is increasing immunogenic cell death via combination with cytotoxic therapies. Understanding the effects of cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic agents on immune cell populations will enable improved mechanism-based design of combination therapies to maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity.
See related article by Zeidner et al., p. 616.
Política y poética:el hispanismo checo y la Escuela de Praga en Latinoamérica
Authors: Belousova Anastasia 
Published: September 2021

El ensayo gira en torno a ciertos episodios de la historia de la difusión de las ideas de la Escuela de Praga en América Latina. Después de proponer una breve contextualización histórica, la autora describe el papel del hispanista checo Oldřich Bělič en este proceso, en particular, los contactos de Bělič con los ambientes académicos de Chile, Cuba y Colombia, y sus publicaciones en estos países. Se presentan también los aportes que hicieron al intercambio intelectual dos de sus más destacados alumnos de la Universidad Carolina, que dejaron su país natal después de 1968: Jarmila Jandová y Emil Volek. En dos ediciones ejemplares, publicadas en Bogotá, Jandová y Volek tradujeron y comentaron para el lector hispanohablante las obras de Jan Mukařovský y de otros representantes del pensamiento estético checo. En la última parte del ensayo se proponen unas breves observaciones sobre la repercusión de la teoría literaria checa en los trabajos de los críticos latinoamericanos (Roberto Fernández Retamar, Nelson Osorio Tejeda, Iván Padilla Chasing), quienes, gracias a la intermediación de Bělič, Jandová y Volek, entraron en contacto directo con el legado de la Escuela de Praga.
Lymphoid blast transformation in an MPN with BCR-JAK2 treated with ruxolitinib: putative mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Chen Justin Anthony , Hou Yanli , Roskin Krishna M. , Arber Daniel A. , Bangs Charles D. , Baughn Linda B. , Cherry Athena M. , Ewalt Mark D. , Fire Andrew Z. , Fresard Laure , Kearney Hutton M. , Montgomery Stephen B. , Ohgami Robert S. , Pearce Kathryn E. , Pitel Beth A. , Merker Jason D. , Gotlib Jason 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The basis for acquired resistance to JAK inhibition in patients with JAK2-driven hematologic malignancies is not well understood. We report a patient with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with a BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase (BCR)–JAK2 fusion with initial hematologic response to ruxolitinib who rapidly developed B-lymphoid blast transformation. We analyzed pre-ruxolitinib and blast transformation samples using genome sequencing, DNA mate-pair sequencing (MPseq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and chromosomal microarray to characterize possible mechanisms of resistance. No resistance mutations in the BCR-JAK2 fusion gene or transcript were identified, and fusion transcript expression levels remained stable. However, at the time of blast transformation, MPseq detected a new IKZF1 copy-number loss, which is predicted to result in loss of normal IKZF1 protein translation. RNA-seq revealed significant upregulation of genes negatively regulated by IKZF1, including IL7R and CRLF2. Disease progression was also characterized by adaptation to an activated B-cell receptor (BCR)–like signaling phenotype, with marked upregulation of genes such as CD79A, CD79B, IGLL1, VPREB1, BLNK, ZAP70, RAG1, and RAG2. In summary, IKZF1 deletion and a switch from cytokine dependence to activated BCR-like signaling phenotype represent putative mechanisms of ruxolitinib resistance in this case, recapitulating preclinical data on resistance to JAK inhibition in CRLF2-rearranged Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Genomic evaluation of milk yield in a smallholder crossbred dairy production system in India
Authors: Al Kalaldeh Mohammad , Swaminathan Marimuthu , Gaundare Yuvraj , Joshi Sachin , Aliloo Hassan , Strucken Eva M. , Ducrocq Vincent , Gibson John P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
India is the largest milk producer globally, with the largest proportion of cattle milk production coming from smallholder farms with an average herd size of less than two milking cows. These cows are mainly undefined multi-generation crosses between exotic dairy breeds and indigenous Indian cattle, with no performance or pedigree recording. Therefore, implementing genetic improvement based on genetic evaluation has not yet been possible. We present the first results from a large smallholder performance recording program in India, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes to estimate genetic parameters for monthly test-day (TD) milk records and to obtain and validate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV).

Results
The average TD milk yield under the high, medium, and low production environments were 9.64, 6.88, and 4.61 kg, respectively. In the high production environment, the usual profile of a lactation curve was evident, whereas it was less evident in low and medium production environments. There was a clear trend of an increasing milk yield with an increasing Holstein Friesian (HF) proportion in the high production environment, but no increase above intermediate grades in the medium and low production environments. Trends for Jersey were small but yield estimates had a higher standard error than HF. Heritability estimates for TD yield across the lactation ranged from 0.193 to 0.250, with an average of 0.230. The additive genetic correlations between TD yield at different times in lactation were high, ranging from 0.846 to 0.998. The accuracy of phenotypic validation of GEBV from the method that is believed to be the least biased was 0.420, which was very similar to the accuracy obtained from the average prediction error variance of the GEBV.

Conclusions
The results indicate strong potential for genomic selection to improve milk production of smallholder crossbred cows in India. The performance of cows with different breed compositions can be determined in different Indian environments, which makes it possible to provide better advice to smallholder farmers on optimum breed composition for their environment.
The role of multimodality imaging in diagnosing acute perimyocarditis secondary to Crohn’s disease
Authors: Prameswari Hawani Sasmaya , Balakrishnan Iswaree Devi , Khoo Chun Yuan , Teo Loon Yee , Chan Lihua Laura , Ng Choon Ta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute perimyocarditis is a rare extra-intestinal manifestation in Crohn’s disease which required multimodality imaging to confirm the diagnosis. Here we present a case of acute perimyocarditis as the first presentation of Crohn’s disease. To date, this is the first case presentation reporting the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan for diagnosing such condition.

Case presentation
A 25-year-old male presented to our hospital with severe persistent pleuritic sharp left-sided chest pain. This was his second hospital admission in the past 4 months for chest pain and diarrhea. At the first hospitalization, he was diagnosed with viral perimyocarditis and irritable bowel syndrome. Laboratory findings, electrocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results confirm the diagnostic of perimyocarditis. Virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and autoimmune evaluations were unremarkable. Colonoscopy, colorectal biopsy, and 18FGD PET findings confirmed manifestation of perimyocarditis, Crohn’s disease, and negative for sarcoidosis.

Conclusions
Looking at the overall clinical picture and investigation results of colonoscopy, colorectal biopsy findings, as well as multi-modality imaging with echocardiography, 18FDG PET—scan and CMRI, the patient was diagnosed to have perimyocarditis attending Chron’s disease flare up as a rare extra-intestinal manifestation.
A multicenter study of incidence, risk factors and outcomes of babies with birth asphyxia in Nepal
Authors: Sunny Avinash K. , Paudel Prajwal , Tiwari Jagannath , Bagale Bishow Bandhu , Kukka Antti , Hong Zhou , Ewald Uwe , Berkelhamer Sara , Ashish KC  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Perinatal events which result in compromised oxygen delivery to the fetus can lead to Birth Asphyxia (BA). While the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of BA have been characterized, less is known in low resource settings.

Aim
To determine the incidence of Birth Asphyxia (BA) in Nepal and to evaluate associated risk factors and outcomes of this condition.

Methods
A nested observational study was conducted in 12 hospitals of Nepal for a period of 14 months. Babies diagnosed as BA at ≥37 weeks of gestation were identified and demographics were reviewed. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression followed by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
The incidence of BA in this study was 6 per 1000 term livebirths and was higher among women 35 years and above. Predictors for BA were instrumented vaginal delivery (aOR:4.4, 95% CI, 3.1–6.1), fetal distress in labour (aOR:1.9, 95% CI, 1.0–3.6), malposition (aOR:1.8, 95% CI, 1.0–3.0), birth weight less than 2500 g (aOR:2.0, 95% CI, 1.3–2.9), gestational age ≥ 42 weeks (aOR:2.0, 95% CI, 1.3–3.3) and male gender (aOR:1.6, 95% CI, 1.2–2.0). The risk of pre-discharge mortality was 43 times higher in babies with BA (aOR:42.6, 95% CI, 32.2–56.3).

Conclusion
The incidence of Birth asphyxia in Nepal higher than in more resourced setting. A range of obstetric and neonatal risk factors are associated with BA with an associated high risk of pre-discharge mortality. Interventions to improve management and decrease rates of BA could have marked impact on outcomes in low resource settings.
The relations between different components of intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: a network analysis
Authors: Ren Lei , Wei Zihan , Li Ye , Cui Long-Biao , Wang Yifei , Wu Lin , Wei Xinyi , Peng Jiaxi , Li Kuiliang , Jin Yinchuan , Li Fengzhan , Yang Qun , Liu Xufeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is considered as a specific risk factor in the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, researches have investigated the relations between IU and GAD (or worry) using total scores on self-report measures. This ignores that there are different components exist in IU and the heterogeneity of GAD symptoms. In the present study, we explored the relations among different components of IU and symptoms of GAD.MethodsA dimensional approach which take individual differences into consideration in different components of IU along a full range of normal to abnormal symptom severity levels of GAD were used in this study. Components of IU were measured by 12-item Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and symptoms of GAD were measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Questionnaire. Regularized partial-correlation network was estimated using cross-sectional data from 624 university students.ResultsFour strongest edges are between components of IU, like “Unforeseen events upset me greatly” and “It frustrates me not having all the information I need”. Two strongest edges are between symptoms of GAD, like “Being so restless that it is hard to sit still” and “Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen”. Symptom “Worrying too much about different things” and component “It frustrates me not having all the information I need” have the highest expected influences in the present network. In the community of IU, component “It frustrates me not having all the information I need” has the highest bridge expected influence. And in the community of GAD, symptoms “Worrying too much about different things” and “Not being able to stop or control worrying” have the highest bridge expected influence.ConclusionsThis study reveals potential pathways between different components of IU and various symptoms of GAD. Understanding how putative risk factors such as different components of IU are related to symptoms of GAD may provide some references for related preventions and interventions, such as targeting component “It frustrates me not having all the information I need” may be more effective at reducing symptoms of GAD than targeting other components of IU.
Opioids in patients with COPD and refractory dyspnea: literature review and design of a multicenter double blind study of low dosed morphine and fentanyl (MoreFoRCOPD)
Authors: van Dijk Marlies , Mooren Kris J. M. , van den Berg Jan-Willem K. , van Beurden-Moeskops Wendy J. C. , Heller-Baan Roxane , de Hosson Sander M. , Lam-Wong Wai Yee , Peters Liesbeth , Pool Karin , Kerstjens Huib A. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRefractory dyspnea or breathlessness is a common symptom in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a high negative impact on quality of life (QoL). Low dosed opioids have been investigated for refractory dyspnea in COPD and other life-limiting conditions, and some positive effects were demonstrated. However, upon first assessment of the literature, the quality of evidence in COPD seemed low or inconclusive, and focused mainly on morphine which may have more side effects than other opioids such as fentanyl. For the current publication we performed a systematic literature search. We searched for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials investigating opioids for refractory dyspnea caused by COPD. We included trials reporting on dyspnea, health status and/or QoL. Three of fifteen trials demonstrated a significant positive effect of opioids on dyspnea. Only one of four trials reporting on QoL or health status, demonstrated a significant positive effect. Two-thirds of included trials investigated morphine. We found no placebo-controlled RCT on transdermal fentanyl. Subsequently, we hypothesized that both fentanyl and morphine provide a greater reduction of dyspnea than placebo, and that fentanyl has less side effects than morphine.MethodsWe describe the design of a robust, multi-center, double blind, double-dummy, cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with three study arms investigating transdermal fentanyl 12 mcg/h and morphine sustained-release 10 mg b.i.d. The primary endpoint is change in daily mean dyspnea sensation measured on a numeric rating scale. Secondary endpoints are change in daily worst dyspnea, QoL, anxiety, sleep quality, hypercapnia, side effects, patient preference, and continued opioid use. Sixty patients with severe stable COPD and refractory dyspnea (FEV1 < 50%, mMRC ≥ 3, on optimal standard therapy) will be included.DiscussionEvidence for opioids for refractory dyspnea in COPD is not as robust as usually appreciated. We designed a study comparing both the more commonly used opioid morphine, and transdermal fentanyl to placebo. The cross-over design will help to get a better impression of patient preferences. We believe our study design to investigate both sustained-release morphine and transdermal fentanyl for refractory dyspnea will provide valuable information for better treatment of refractory dyspnea in COPD.Trial registrationNCT03834363 (ClinicalTrials.gov), registred at 7 Feb 2019,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03834363.
Musculoskeletal pain intensity in different body regions and risk of disability pension among female eldercare workers: prospective cohort study with 11-year register follow-up
Authors: Bláfoss Rúni , Vinstrup Jonas , Skovlund Sebastian Venge , López-Bueno Rubén , Calatayud Joaquin , Clausen Thomas , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal pain is a risk factor for leaving the labour market temporarily and permanently. While the presence of multi-site pain increases the risk of disability pension, we lack detailed knowledge about pain intensity as a risk factor. This study investigated the association between musculoskeletal pain intensity in different body regions and risk of future disability pension among eldercare workers.

Methods
Eight thousand seven hundred thirty-one female eldercare workers replied to a questionnaire on work and health in 2005 and were followed for 11 years in the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. Time-to-event analyses estimated hazard ratios (HR) for disability pension from pain intensities (0–9 numeric rating scale (NRS)) in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees during the previous 3 months. Analyses were mutually adjusted for pain regions, age, education, lifestyle, psychosocial work factors, and physical exertion at work.

Results
During 11-year follow-up, 1035 (11.9%) of the eldercare workers received disability pension. For all body regions among all eldercare workers, dose-response associations were observed between higher pain intensity and risk of disability pension (p < 0.001). The risk for disability pension was increased when reporting “very high” pain levels (≥7 points on the 0–9 NRS) in the low-back (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.70–2.82), neck/shoulders (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.88–2.92), and knees (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.44–2.47). Population attributable risks (PAR) were 15.5, 23.2, and 9.6% for pain > 2 on NRS in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees, respectively, indicating that 15.5, 23.2, and 9.6% fewer eldercare workers would likely receive disability pension if the pain intensity was reduced to 2 or less. For workers ≤45 years and > 45 years, PAR was highest for neck/shoulder pain (27.6%) and low-back pain (18.8%), respectively.

Conclusions
The present study found positive dose-response associations between pain intensity in the low-back, neck/shoulders, and knees, and risk of disability pension during 11-year follow-up. Moderate to very high levels of musculoskeletal pain in eldercare workers should, therefore, be considered an early warning sign of involuntary premature exit from the labour market. These findings underscore the importance of preventing, managing, and reducing musculoskeletal pain to ensure a long and healthy working life.