bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central venous-to-arterial PCO2 difference as a marker to identify fluid responsiveness in septic shock
Authors: Nassar Boulos , Badr Mohamed , Van Grunderbeeck Nicolas , Temime Johanna , Pepy Florent , Gasan Gaelle , Tronchon Laurent , Thevenin Didier , Mallat Jihad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDefining the hemodynamic response to volume therapy is integral to managing critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure, especially in the absence of cardiac index (CI) measurement. This study aimed at investigating whether changes in central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference (Δ-ΔPCO2) and central venous oxygen saturation (ΔScvO2) induced by volume expansion (VE) are reliable parameters to define fluid responsiveness in sedated and mechanically ventilated septic patients. We prospectively studied 49 critically ill septic patients in whom VE was indicated because of circulatory failure and clinical indices. CI, ΔPCO2, ScvO2, and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured before and after VE. Responders were defined as patients with a > 10% increase in CI (transpulmonary thermodilution) after VE. We calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for Δ-ΔPCO2, ΔScvO2, and changes in CI (ΔCI) after VE in the whole population and in the subgroup of patients with an increase in VO2 (ΔVO2) ≤ 10% after VE (oxygen-supply independency). Twenty-five patients were fluid responders. In the whole population, Δ-ΔPCO2 and ΔScvO2 were significantly correlated with ΔCI after VE (r =  − 0.30, p = 0.03 and r = 0.42, p = 0.003, respectively). The AUCs for Δ-ΔPCO2 and ΔScvO2 to define fluid responsiveness (increase in CI > 10% after VE) were 0.76 (p < 0.001) and 0.68 (p = 0.02), respectively. In patients with ΔVO2 ≤ 10% (n = 36) after VE, the correlation between ΔScvO2 and ΔCI was 0.62 (p < 0.001), and between Δ-ΔPCO2 and ΔCI was − 0.47 (p = 0.004). The AUCs for Δ-ΔPCO2 and ΔScvO2 were 0.83 (p < 0.001) and 0.73 (p = 0.006), respectively. In these patients, Δ-ΔPCO2 ≤ -37.5% after VE allowed the categorization between responders and non-responders with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 60%. In sedated and mechanically ventilated septic patients with no signs of tissue hypoxia (oxygen-supply independency), Δ-ΔPCO2 is a reliable parameter to define fluid responsiveness.
Theoretical computations on the efficiency of acetaldehyde formation on interstellar icy grains
Authors: Enrique-Romero Joan , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Rimola Albert , Skouteris Dimitrios , Balucani Nadia , Ugliengo Piero 
Published: August 2021

Context. Interstellar grains are known to be important actors in the formation of interstellar molecules such as H2, water, ammonia, and methanol. It has been suggested that the so-called interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are also formed on the interstellar grain icy surfaces by the combination of radicals via reactions assumed to have an efficiency equal to unity.
Aims. In this work, we aim to investigate the robustness or weakness of this assumption. In particular, we consider the case of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), one of the most abundant and commonly identified iCOMs, as a starting study case. In the literature, it has been postulated that acetaldehyde is formed on the icy surfaces via the combination of HCO and CH3. Here we report new theoretical computations on the efficiency of its formation.
Methods. To this end, we coupled quantum chemical calculations of the energetics and kinetics of the reaction CH3 + HCO, which can lead to the formation of CH3CHO or CO + CH4. Specifically, we combined reaction kinetics computed with the Rice-Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory (tunneling included) method with diffusion and desorption competitive channels. We provide the results of our computations in the format used by astrochemical models to facilitate their exploitation.
Results. Our new computations indicate that the efficiency of acetaldehyde formation on the icy surfaces is a complex function of the temperature and, more importantly, of the assumed diffusion over binding energy ratio f of the CH3 radical. If the ratio f is ≥0.4, the efficiency is equal to unity in the range where the reaction can occur, namely between 12 and 30 K. However, if f is smaller, the efficiency dramatically crashes: with f = 0.3, it is at most 0.01. In addition, the formation of acetaldehyde is always in competition with that of CO + CH4.
Conclusions. Given the poor understanding of the diffusion over binding energy ratio f and the dramatic effect it has on the formation, or not, of acetaldehyde via the combination of HCO and CH3 on icy surfaces, model predictions based on the formation efficiency equal to one should to be taken with precaution. The latest measurements of f suggest f = 0.3 and, if confirmed for CH3, this would rule out the formation of acetaldehyde on the interstellar icy surfaces. We recall the alternative possibility, which was recently reviewed, that acetaldehyde could be synthesized in the gas phase starting from ethanol. Finally, our computations show the paramount importance played by the micro-physics involved in the interstellar surface chemistry and call for extensive similar studies on different systems believed to form iCOMs on the interstellar icy surfaces.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Liu Teng , Urrutia Tanya , Salvato Mara , Li Junyao , Ueda Yoshihiro , Brusa Marcella , Yutani Naomichi , Wada Keiichi , Nishizawa Atsushi J. , Buchner Johannes , Nagao Tohru , Merloni Andrea , Akiyama Masayuki , Arcodia Riccardo , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Ichikawa Kohei , Imanishi Masatoshi , Inoue Kaiki T. , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Lamer Georg , Nandra Kirpal , Silverman John D. , Terashima Yuichi 
Published: August 2021

Aims.We investigate the physical properties – such as the stellar mass (M*), star-formation rate, infrared (IR) luminosity (LIR), X-ray luminosity (LX), and hydrogen column density (NH) – of mid-IR (MIR) galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) atz< 4 in the 140 deg2field observed by eROSITA on SRG using the Performance-and-Verification-Phase program named the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS).Methods.By cross-matching the WISE 22 μm (W4)-detected sample and the eFEDS X-ray point-source catalog, we find that 692 extragalactic objects are detected by eROSITA. We have compiled a multiwavelength dataset extending from X-ray to far-IR wavelengths. We have also performed (i) an X-ray spectral analysis, (ii) spectral-energy-distribution fitting usingX-CIGALE, (iii) 2D image-decomposition analysis using Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam images, and (iv) optical spectral fitting with QSFit to investigate the AGN and host-galaxy properties. For 7088 WISE 22 μm objects that are undetected by eROSITA, we have performed an X-ray stacking analysis to examine the typical physical properties of these X-ray faint and probably obscured objects.Results.We find that (i) 82% of the eFEDS–W4 sources are classified as X-ray AGN with logLX> 42 erg s−1; (ii) 67 and 24% of the objects have log(LIR/L⊙) > 12 and 13, respectively; (iii) the relationship betweenLXand the 6 μm luminosity is consistent with that reported in previous works; and (iv) the relationship between the Eddington ratio andNHfor the eFEDS–W4 sample and a comparison with a model prediction from a galaxy-merger simulation indicates that approximately 5.0% of the eFEDS–W4 sources in our sample are likely to be in an AGN-feedback phase, in which strong radiation pressure from the AGN blows out the surrounding material from the nuclear region.Conclusions.Thanks to the wide area coverage of eFEDS, we have been able to constrain the ranges of the physical properties of the WISE 22 μm-selected sample of AGNs atz< 4, providing a benchmark for forthcoming studies on a complete census of MIR galaxies selected from the full-depth eROSITA all-sky survey.
Phytoplankton biodiversity is more important for ecosystem functioning in highly variable thermal environments
Authors: Bestion Elvire , Haegeman Bart , Alvarez Codesal Soraya , Garreau Alexandre , Huet Michèle , Barton Samuel , Montoya José M. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The combined acceleration of climate change and biodiversity loss necessitates understanding how ecosystem functions and services will be affected. Most studies focus on the effects of increasing mean temperatures, but climate change will increase temperature fluctuations too. We performed an experiment and developed a model to understand how increased temperature fluctuations affected the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning in phytoplankton communities. Increased temperature fluctuations led to steeper biodiversity–ecosystem functioning slopes, which indicates that biodiversity loss has a stronger negative effect on ecosystem functioning than when conditions are more stable. Our model suggests that steeper slopes are associated with variation in thermal tolerances across species, as species-rich systems contained species able to resist the thermally fluctuating environments.
A poplar short-chain dehydrogenase reductase plays a potential key role in biphenyl detoxification
Authors: Contreras Ángela , Merino Irene , Álvarez Enrique , Bolonio David , Ortiz José-Eugenio , Oñate-Sánchez Luis , Gómez Luis 
Published: August 2021

SignificancePersistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated biphenyls, represent a major environmental threat. Besides affecting human health, they negatively affect food security, pest and disease spread, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and the resilience of ecosystems. Plant-based remediation offers important advantages over conventional remediation. However, limited knowledge of POP metabolism in planta can delay the application of molecular tools to genetically improve cleanup efficiency. By integrating functional and structural studies, we define here a plant-specific pathway which is activated by and possibly contributes to detoxifying biphenyl-derived toxicants. This pathway exhibits common features with bacterial biphenyl/PCB degradation but also significant differences. Our results open avenues to improve the success of phytoremediation technologies.
Dynamically structured bubbling in vibrated gas-fluidized granular materials
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Yuxuan , Padash Azin , Xi Kenan , Kovar Thomas M. , Boyce Christopher M. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The motion of granular materials, e.g., sand or catalytic particles, underlies many natural and industrial processes. Granular dynamics are difficult to understand and model because of transitions between solid-, liquid-, and gas-like behavior, and prior continuum models have struggled to capture these transitions. Bubble-like voids normally rise chaotically through grains suspended by upward gas flow. We create structured bubble formations by vibrating the system at a resonant frequency, independent of particle properties or system size, and we identify salient physics using a harmonic oscillator model. We propose a constitutive relationship that enables continuum models to predict structured bubbling a priori by capturing fluid–solid transitions. The continuum model and controlled bubble patterning can advance scale-up and optimization of industrial processes.
Bromodomain containing 9 (BRD9) regulates macrophage inflammatory responses by potentiating glucocorticoid receptor activity
Authors: Wang Liu , Oh Tae Gyu , Magida Jason , Estepa Gabriela , Obayomi S. M. Bukola , Chong Ling-Wa , Gatchalian Jovylyn , Yu Ruth T. , Atkins Annette R. , Hargreaves Diana , Downes Michael , Wei Zong , Evans Ronald M. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed antiinflammatory drugs that suppress inflammatory gene expression through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR); however, the mechanisms of GR-mediated repression are not fully understood. We show here that bromodomain containing 9 (BRD9), a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, modulates GR activity in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Loss of BRD9 activity in macrophages attenuated the response to liposaccharides and interferon inflammatory stimuli. Notably, BRD9 inhibition synergized with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to suppress the inflammatory response in macrophages. Our data support a model in which BRD9 restricts GR binding at a subset of inflammatory related genes, and suggests that BRD9 inhibitors may increase the efficacy of glucocorticoids.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ga-67 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 67Ga to include the 2010 result of the PTB (Germany) and the 2010 result of the NIST (United States)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Ratel G , Fitzgerald R , Kossert K , Nähle O 
Published: August 2021

Main text
Since 1978, 10 laboratories have submitted 17 samples of 67Ga to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ga-67. The PTB (Germany) and the NIST (United States) participated in the comparison. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been re-calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Irradiation-induced hardening in fusion relevant tungsten grades with different initial microstructures
Authors: Chang Chih-Cheng , Terentyev Dmitry , Zinovev Aleksandr , Van Renterghem Wouter , Yin Chao , Verleysen Patricia , Pardoen Thomas , Vilémová Monika , Matějíček Jiri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The development of advanced tungsten grades able to tolerate irradiation damage combined with thermo-mechanical loads is important for design of plasma-facing components for DEMO. The material microstructure (i.e. grain size, dislocation density, sub grains, texture) is defined by manufacturing and post heat treatment processes. In turn, the initial microstructure might have an important influence on the accumulation of neutron damage because irradiation defects interact with microstructural defects evolving into a new microstructural state. In this work, the microstructure and hardness of four tungsten grades is assessed before and after neutron irradiation performed at 600, 1000 and 1200 °C, up to a dose of ∼1.2 dpa. Experimental characterization involves hardness testing, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The investigated grades include Plansee and AT&M ITER specification tungsten, as well as fine grain tungsten produced by spark plasma sintering, and ultra-fine grain tungsten reinforced with 0.5 wt% ZrC particles.
Deep decarbonization impacts on electric load shapes and peak demand
Authors: Bistline John E T , Roney Christopher W , McCollum David L , Blanford Geoffrey J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The existing literature has shown the important role of electrification in deep decarbonization pathways, increasing electricity demand as end uses decarbonize. However, studies have not focused on the effects of electrification on aggregate load shapes and peak demand, which influence power sector investments, operations, and costs. Here we investigate potential impacts of deep decarbonization on regional load shapes and peak electricity demand using a detailed end-use simulation model linked to an electric sector capacity planning model. Scenario results suggest that electrification may contribute to peak load increases and shifts from summer peaks to winter ones, especially in cooler climates due to space heating electrification. We illustrate how net-zero emissions goals can amplify electrification and may entail 120%–165% increases in electric system capacity by 2050 due to a combination of electrification and high renewables deployment. The intensity and frequency of peak demand can be limited by load flexibility (providing incentives for electric end uses to shift away from periods of high demand, e.g. through deferrable electric vehicle charging), alternate end-use technology configurations (deploying higher efficiency end-use equipment to lower electricity consumption during peaks or using dual-fuel systems such as heat pumps paired with gas furnaces), and carbon removal (displacing higher marginal abatement cost electrification while reaching an equivalent emissions cap). This analysis is a first step toward systematically exploring load curves for electrified and decarbonized energy systems, and the results highlight opportunities for future research to better understand load shape impacts and flexibility.
Plastic transport in a complex confluence of the Mekong River in Cambodia
Authors: Haberstroh Charlotte J , Arias Mauricio E , Yin Zhewen , Sok Ty , Wang Michael C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Field data on plastic pollution is extremely limited in Southeast Asian rivers. Here we present the first field measurements of plastic transport in the Mekong, based on a comprehensive monitoring campaign during the monsoon season in the confluence of the Mekong, Tonle Sap, and Bassac rivers around Cambodia’s capital (Phnom Penh). For improved accuracy in the estimation of plastic loads and distribution, we combined Neuston net multipoint cross-sectional water sampling with acoustic Doppler current profiler high resolution measurements. During the wet season, around 2.03 × 105 kg d−1 of plastic were released from Phnom Penh into the Mekong, equivalent to 89 g d−1 capita−1, or 42% of all plastic waste generated in the city. Most plastic mass moved downstream at the surface. A smaller portion of plastics is mixed deep into the water column, potentially retained in the rivers, breaking down and resuspending over time. Overall, plastic waste from Phnom Penh and transported by the Mekong is a significant contribution to Southeast Asia’s plastic release into the ocean. This pollution represents a crucial risk to people in the region, as their livelihoods depend on fisheries from these water bodies.
Progressive Collapse Behaviour Assessment of Steel Frame Structures – A Review
Authors: Lavendra Samrat , Kumar Pawan , Raghavendra T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In building construction, steel structures are favoured as they have some advantageous properties, such as high strength, light weight and high construction performance. However, there are few disadvantages since steel structures are prone to incremental collapse caused by accidental scenarios in which structural components are weakened or eliminated, leading to structural failure. Many research studies have been carried out on steel frames are generally for single column removal scenario. Since more than single structural members may be affected during accidents, numerous column removal scenarios need to be investigated to assess the progressive collapse of steel frame. This reviews study on how the steel frame structures can be simulated numerically using various finite element software to determine progressive collapse resistance for steel frames for different Progressive Collapse scenarios. It is found that Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR), Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) and Robustness Index for the critical points are some of the parameters to check the stability of the steel structures due to Progressive collapse scenario.
Review on the correlation between mixing, microstructure and strength of cementitious products with nanoparticles
Authors: Adithya S N , Sachin K C , Radhakrishna  , Meda Ujwal Shreenag 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Concrete is manmade multiphase composite where coarse granular materials are embedded in a hard matrix of binder, filling the space between the aggregate particles and gluing them all together that strengthens with time on hydration. Addition of nanoparticles further enhances the properties of the concrete such as early strength, refined micro structure and enhanced durability. Nanoparticles are added to cementitious composites by dry mixing with cement or dispersion in water. The challenge associated with it is the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix of the composite. The type of mixer and the mixing pattern affect the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete. This article reviews the effect of dispersion of nano particles, type of mixer and mixing pattern on the properties of cementitious composites.
Improving the Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Aluminium Cans
Authors: Issac Serin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Black cotton (BC) soil is a problematic soil, as it is expansive in nature. The swelling and shrinking characteristics in Black Cotton (BC) soil is imparted due to the presence of the mineral component montmorillonite. It is predominantly clay, black in colour with a smooth texture. Construction over this particular soil type is always challenging due to its low strength and less drainage property. This soil type is always a threat to the strength and stability of pavements and highways. Beverage cans are globally produced in huge amount. Aluminium cans are the largest source of aluminium in the waste stream. Also, recycling of aluminium continuously affects its quality. This study was an attempt to improve the shear strength characteristics of black cotton soil by using strips of waste aluminium cans as reinforcement. It is a cost effective and eco-friendly attempt. The usage of aluminium fibre increases the tensile strength of soil thereby improving its properties as a subgrade. Cans were cut into 3mm thick strips and were added to soil in 2, 4, 6 and 8% by dry weight. The compaction test, unconfined compression test, CBR test and free swell test were conducted on the aluminium strips reinforced soil. The results obtained from the study showed a significant enhancement in the soil properties such as maximum dry density, shear strength and CBR value.
Effect on Fresh and Harden Properties by using Fly Ash and GGBS with Fibers of High Performance Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Theerthananda M P , Naveen G M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study of cementations materials of supplementary on High Performance Concrete with Self Compacting is studied in this work. The High Performance Self-Compacting Concrete makes it suitable for placing in difficult sections and conditions in members with congested reinforcement the properties of fresh concrete and Harden properties in Special concrete of High Performance Self Compacting Concrete (HPSCC) studied in this work. Effect of fibers with fly ash & GGBS behavior of combined fibers sections subjected to load. The work studied has been focused on the Fly ash and GGBS effect with fibers on mix proportion and concrete in harden state Strength in Ultimate with replacement of Polypropylene fibers range 0%-1.5% in 0.5 interval and also the focusing of work with various percentage of fly Ash and GGBS combination and behavior of fiber under loading, compression strength, Split Tensile Strength & Flexural Strength. The obtained values from this study are to be useful in determining design charterstic of HPSCC with fiber (polypropylene) sections. It gets helps the mix proportion, analysis and designing of specimens with high performance to resist various loading.