bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomic screening of young adults for familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Marquina Clara , Lacaze Paul , Tiller Jane , Riaz Moeen , Sturm Amy C , Nelson Mark R , Ference Brian A , Pang Jing , Watts Gerald F , Nicholls Stephen J , Zoungas Sophia , Liew Danny , McNeil John , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of offering population genomic screening to all young adults in Australia to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH).

Methods and results
We designed a decision analytic Markov model to compare the current standard of care for heterozygous FH diagnosis in Australia (opportunistic cholesterol screening and genetic cascade testing) with the alternate strategy of population genomic screening of adults aged 18–40 years to detect pathogenic variants in the LDLR/APOB/PCSK9 genes. We used a validated cost-adaptation method to adapt findings to eight high-income countries. The model captured coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity/mortality over a lifetime horizon, from healthcare and societal perspectives. Risk of CHD, treatment effects, prevalence, and healthcare costs were estimated from published studies. Outcomes included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), discounted 5% annually. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to explore the impact of key input parameters on the robustness of the model. Over the lifetime of the population (4 167 768 men; 4 129 961 women), the model estimated a gain of 33 488years of life lived and 51 790 QALYs due to CHD prevention. Population genomic screening for FH would be cost-effective from a healthcare perspective if the per-test cost was ≤AU$250, yielding an ICER of &lt;AU$28 000 per QALY gained. From a societal perspective, population genomic screening would be cost-saving. ICERs from societal perspective remained cost-saving after adaptation to other countries.

Conclusion
Based on our model, offering population genomic screening to all young adults for FH could be cost-effective, at testing costs that are feasible.
The Besnus transition in 4C pyrrhotite revisited
Authors: Gehring Andreas U , Firlus Alexander , Koulialias Dimitrios , Weidler Peter G , Löffler Jörg F 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Ferrimagnetic, monoclinic 4C pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) is the only iron sulphide with high relevance for palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism that can be identified in rock materials by its characteristic low-temperature anomaly. Despite its relevance in natural magnetism and the many magnetic studies over the last decades, the physics and the crystallography behind this anomaly, also denoted Besnus transition, is a matter of debate. In this study, we analyse the static and dynamic magnetization associated with the Besnus transition in conjunction with low-temperature structural data of 4C pyrrhotite reported in the literature. The correlation between the Fe–Fe bonds causing spin-orbit coupling and the dynamic magnetic properties show that the magnetic characteristics of the Besnus transition stem from the interaction of two magnetocrystalline anisotropy systems triggered by thermally induced structural changes on an atomic level in monoclinic 4C pyrrhotite. This refutes the widespread view that the Besnus transition is caused by a crystallographic change from monoclinic to triclinic.
An efficient algorithm for sampling the shear-modulus reduction curve in the context of wave propagation using the elastoplastic Iwan model
Authors: Chabot S , Mercerat E D , Glinsky N , Bonilla L F 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
The elastoplastic Iwan model has been used since the end of the 1970s to simulate nonlinear soil behaviour in seismic wave propagation. In this work, we present an automatic algorithm to efficiently sample the shear-modulus reduction curve in function of shear deformation, which constitutes the exclusive ingredient of the elastoplastic model. This model requires the data from the shear- modulus reduction as a function of shear deformation, which are readily available in the literature and from specific laboratory tests. The method involves a discretization and interpolation of these data to be used. The quality of the solution depends on the number of interpolated points. However, a larger number of them produce an increase of the computational time. To overcome this, we present an automatic algorithm to efficiently sample the shear-modulus reduction curve. We numerically prove that the chosen discretization of the curve has a strong impact on the calculation load, in addition to the well-known dependence on the input motion amplitude level. Two tests of nonlinear wave propagation in 1-D and 3-D media show the clear gain in computation time when using the proposed automatic sampling algorithm.
GPS-derived interseismic fault locking along the Jalisco–Colima segment of the Mexico subduction zone
Authors: Cosenza-Muralles B , DeMets C , Márquez-Azúa B , Sánchez O , Stock J , Cabral-Cano E , McCaffrey R 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYNortheastward subduction of the oceanic Rivera and Cocos plates in western Mexico poses a poorly understood seismic hazard to the overlying areas of the North America plate. We estimate the magnitude and distribution of interseismic locking along the northern ∼500 km of the Mexico subduction zone, with a series of elastic half-space inversions that optimize the fits to the velocities of 57 GPS stations in western Mexico. All velocities were corrected for the co-seismic, afterslip and viscoelastic rebound effects of the 1995 Colima–Jalisco and 2003 Tecomán earthquakes. We explore the robustness of interseismic locking estimates to a variety of mantle Maxwell times that are required for the viscoelastic corrections, to the maximum permitted depth for locking of the subduction interface and to the location assigned to the Rivera–Cocos–North America plate triple junction offshore from western Mexico. The best-fitting locking solutions are associated with a maximum locking depth of 40 km, a triple junction location ∼50 km northwest of the Manzanillo Trough and a mantle Maxwell time of 15 yr (viscosity of 2 × 1019 Pa s). Checkerboard tests show that the locking distribution is best resolved at intermediate depths (10–40 km). All of our inversions define a gradual transition from strong locking (i.e. 70–100 per cent) of most (70 per cent) of the Rivera–North America subduction interface to strong but less uniform locking below the Manzanillo Trough, where oceanic lithosphere transitional between the Cocos and Rivera plate subducts, to weak to moderate locking (averaging 55 per cent) of the Michoacán segment of the Cocos–North America interface. Strong locking of the ∼125-km-long trench segment offshore from Puerto Vallarta and other developed coastal areas, where our modelling indicates an average annual elastic slip-rate deficit of ∼20 mm yr−1, implies that ∼1.8 m of unrelieved plate slip has accrued since the segment last ruptured in 1932, sufficient for an M ∼ 8.0 earthquake.
Comparing the performance of stacking-based methods for microearthquake location: a case study from the Burträsk fault, northern Sweden
Authors: Beckel Ruth A , Lund Björn , Eggertsson Gunnar A , Juhlin Christopher 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Traditional earthquake location relying on first arrival picking is challenging for microseismic events with low signal-to-noise ratio. Over the past years, alternative procedures have been explored based on the idea of migrating the energy of an earthquake back into its source position by stacking along theoretical traveltime curves. To avoid destructive interference of signals with opposite polarity, it is common to transform the input signals into positive time-series. Stacking-based source location has been successfully applied at various scales, but existing studies differ considerably in the choice of characteristic function, the amount of pre-processing and the phases used in the analysis. We use a data set of 62 natural microearthquakes recorded on a 2-D seismic array of 145 vertical geophones across the glacially triggered Burträsk fault to compare the performance of five commonly used characteristic functions: the noise filtered seismograms and the semblance, the envelope, the short-term average/long-term average ratio and the kurtosis gradient of the seismograms. We obtain the best results for a combined P- and S-wave location using a polarity-sensitive characteristic function, that is the filtered seismograms or the semblance. In contrast, the absolute functions often fail to align the signals properly, yielding biased location estimates. Moreover, we observe that the success of the procedure is very sensitive to noise suppression and signal shaping prior to stacking. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of including lower quality S-wave data to improve the location estimates. Furthermore, our results illustrate the benefits of retaining the phase information for location accuracy and noise suppression. To ensure optimal location results, we recommend carefully pre-processing the data and test different characteristic functions for each new data set. Despite the suboptimal array geometry, we obtain good locations for most events within ∼30–40 km of the survey and the locations are consistent with an image of the fault trace from an earlier reflection seismic survey.
Does unionization and working under collective agreements promote health?
Authors: Muller Jessica , Raphael Dennis 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Health promoters recognize the social determinants of health (SDOH) shape health outcomes yet generally neglect how unionization and collective agreements (CAs) shape these SDOH. This is surprising since extensive evidence indicates unions and CAs influence wages and benefits, job security, working conditions and income inequality, which go on to affect additional SDOH of food and housing security, child development and social exclusion. We argue unions and CAs should be a health promotion focus by examining how they influence the SDOH and health outcomes in wealthy developed nations in four ways. First, we consider how union density (UD) and CA coverage (CAC) are associated with differences between wealthy western nations in percentage of low-waged workers, extent of income inequality, and low birthweight and infant mortality rates. Second, we bring together literature that shows greater UD and CAC within national sub-jurisdictions are associated over time with more equitable distribution of the SDOH and better health outcomes. Third, we document—also using available literature—how within nations, union membership and working under a CA shape the SDOH one experiences. Fourth, we carry out a Canadian case study—applying a political economy lens—to examine how power relations, working through economic and political systems, determine extent of unionization and CAC and the inclination of health promoters to consider these issues. Implications for health promoters are considered.
Advanced Virtual Support for Operational Forces: A 3-Year Summary
Authors: McLeroy Robert D , Kile Michael T , Yourk Daniel , Hipp Sean , Pamplin Jeremy C 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Military Health System mission is to provide medical care throughout the globe to service members and beneficiaries. To achieve this mission in the most austere of locations, telemedical support is an essential force multiplier when robust in-person medical support is not feasible. This led to the development of a telemedical solution initially known as the Virtual Critical Care Consultation service which provided tele-critical care assistance to downrange providers. The VC3 system then expanded to include multiple medical specialties available for consultation. The current version of this telemedical solution is the ADvanced VIrtual Support for OpeRational Forces (ADVISOR) program which is a synchronous and asynchronous telemedicine system that was developed to provide 24/7 remote expert support to military clinicians engaged in casualty care in austere and operational environments.Materials and MethodsThis manuscript reviews the ADVISOR program data collected from 2017 to 2020 and provides a rough order of magnitude for return on investment. We reviewed data collected by Operational Virtual Health Reports and Operational Virtual Health Evaluations following synchronous consultations. Part of the data reviewed was available patient demographic data, local caregiver information, the purpose of the consult, recommendations made during the consult, the technology used during the consult, and the patient disposition. They also recorded the evacuation plan for the patient and whether a medical evacuation was escalated (e.g. changed from routine to urgent, or from urgent to critical care air transport), downgraded (e.g. urgent to routine), or avoided altogether based on the telephonic consultation.ResultsThere were a total of 156 real-world calls during the evaluation period. The total cost savings for these calls was $1,097,027 (3-year program costs of $909,973 less an average of $87,261+/- $28,633 per call or $2,007,000 total) from downgrading or avoidance of planned evacuations. The unmeasured value associated with ADVISOR consultations should also be commented on. For example, when evacuation plans are escalated based on remote expert consultation, it is probable that the escalation increases patient safety and may avoid medical complications that would result in longer term medical costs to the government.ConclusionsBased on the collected information, the financial return on investment has exceeded costs and the system is perceived as being valued added for both local caregivers and remote experts. The system appears to help optimize evacuation planning, specifically by downgrading or eliminating unnecessary evacuations.
Large H i optical depth and redshifted 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn
Authors: Datta Kanan K , Ghara Raghunath , Hoque Ariful , Majumdar Suman 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The atomic neutral hydrogen (H i) 21-cm optical depth (τb) can be considerably large as the kinetic and spin temperature of the intergalactic medium is expected to be very low during cosmic dawn. It will be particularly higher at regions with H i overdensity. We revisit the validity of the widely used linearized equation for estimating the H i 21-cm differential brightness temperature (Tb) which assumes τb ≪ 1 and approximates [1 − exp (− τb)] as τb. We consider two scenarios, one without any additional cooling mechanism or radio background (referred as standard scenario) and the other (referred as excess-cooling scenario) assumes the EDGES like absorption profile and an excess cooling mechanism. We find that given a measured global absorption signal, consistent with the standard (excess-cooling) scenario, the linearized equation overestimates the spin temperature by $\sim\!{5}\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent}\ (10\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent})$. Further, using numerical simulations, we study impact that the large optical depth has on various signal statistics. We observe that the variance, skewness, and kurtosis, calculated at simulation resolution ($\sim\!{0.5} \,h^{-1} \, {\rm Mpc}$), are overpredicted up to $\sim\!{30}$, $30$, and $15\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent}$, respectively, for the standard and up to $\sim\!90$, $50$, and $50\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent}$, respectively, for the excess-cooling scenario. Moreover, we find that the probability distribution function of Tb is squeezed and becomes more Gaussian in shape if no approximation is made. The spherically averaged H i power spectrum is overpredicted by up to $\sim\!25$ and $80\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent}$ at all scales for the standard and excess-cooling scenarios, respectively.
H i absorption at z ∼ 0.7 against the lobe of the powerful radio galaxy PKS 0409−75
Authors: Mahony Elizabeth K , Allison James R , Sadler Elaine M , Ellison Sara L , Mao Sui Ann , Morganti Raffaella , Moss Vanessa A , Seta Amit , Tadhunter Clive N , Weng Simon , Whiting Matthew T , Yoon Hyein , Bell Martin , Bunton John D , Harvey-Smith Lisa , Kimball Amy , Koribalski Bärbel S , Voronkov Max A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results from a search for the H i 21-cm line in absorption towards 16 bright radio sources with the six-antenna commissioning array of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. Our targets were selected from the 2-Jy sample, a flux-limited survey of the southern radio sky with extensive multiwavelength follow-up. Two sources were detected in H i absorption including a new detection towards the bright Fanaroff–Riley Type II radio galaxy PKS 0409−75 at a redshift of $z$ = 0.674. The H i absorption line is blueshifted by ∼3300 km s−1 compared to the optical redshift of the host galaxy of PKS 0409−75 at $z$ = 0.693. Deep optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up with the GMOS instrument on the Gemini-South telescope reveal that the H i absorption is associated with a galaxy in front of the southern radio lobe with a stellar mass of 3.2–6.8 × 1011 M⊙, a star formation rate of ∼1.24 M⊙ yr−1, and an estimated H i column density of 2.16 × 1021 cm−2, assuming a spin temperature of Tspin = 500 K and source covering factor of Cf = 0.3. Using polarization measurements of PKS 0409−75 from the literature, we estimate the magnetic field of the absorbing galaxy to be ∼14.5 $\mu$G, consistent with field strengths observed in nearby spiral galaxies but larger than expected for an elliptical galaxy. Results from this pilot study can inform future surveys as new wide-field telescopes allow us to search for 21-cm H i absorption towards all bright radio sources as opposed to smaller targeted samples.
Bolometric luminosity estimators using infrared hydrogen lines for dust obscured active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Lee Daye , Im Myungshin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Bolometric luminosity is an important quantity that tells us the radiative energy output of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). A common way to estimate bolometric luminosity is to use ultraviolet (UV) or optical luminosities as its proxies, but the UV- or optical-based-bolometric luminosity estimators can be easily affected by dust extinction. In this study, we present new methods for estimating bolometric luminosities using infrared (IR) hydrogen Paschen and Brackett line luminosities to alleviate the dust extinction effects. We show that there exist tight correlations between the bolometric luminosities and the IR hydrogen line luminosities, and present the IR hydrogen line-based-bolometric luminosity estimators. As an example, we apply the relation to dust obscured red AGNs, confirming previous results that red AGNs have higher Eddington rations than unobscured AGNs. The new bolometric luminosity estimator will be useful for studying obscured AGNs (e.g. red AGNs, Compton thick AGNs, and Type 2 AGNs), during the coming era of sensitive near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) missions, such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
The circumbinary rings of GG Carinae: indications of disc eccentricity growth in the B[e] supergiant’s atomic emission lines
Authors: Porter Augustus , Blundell Katherine , Lee Steven 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
B[e] supergiants have unusual circumstellar environments which may include thin, concentric rings displaying atomic line emission. GG Carinae is a B[e] supergiant binary which exhibits such a geometry in its circumbinary environment. We study atomic emission lines arising from GG Carinae’s circumbinary disc in FEROS spectra collected between 1998 and 2015. We find that semiforbidden Fe ii] and permitted Ca ii emission are formed in the same thin circumbinary ring previously reported to have forbidden [O i] and [Ca ii] emission. We find that there are two circumbinary rings orbiting with projected velocities of 84.6 ± 1.0 and 27.3 ± 0.6 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$. Deprojecting these velocities from the line of sight, and using updated binary masses presented by Porter et al. (2021a), we find that the radii of the circumbinary rings are $2.8^{+0.9}_{-1.1}$ and $27^{+9}_{-10}$ au for the inner ring and outer ring, respectively. We find evidence of subtle dynamical change in the inner circumbinary ring over the 17 yr spanned by the data, manifesting in variability in the ratio of the intensity of the blueshifted peak to the redshifted peak of its emission lines and the central velocity becoming more blueshifted. We perform smoothed-particle hydrodynamic simulations of the system which suggest that these observed changes are consistent with pumping of the eccentricity of a radially thin circumbinary ring by the inner binary. We find a systemic velocity of the GG Carinae system of −23.2 ± 0.4 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$.
CARPool Covariance: Fast, unbiased covariance estimation for large-scale structure observables
Authors: Chartier Nicolas , Wandelt Benjamin D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The covariance matrix $\boldsymbol{\Sigma }$ of non-linear clustering statistics that are measured in current and upcoming surveys is of fundamental interest for comparing cosmological theory and data and a crucial ingredient for the likelihood approximations underlying widely used parameter inference and forecasting methods. The extreme number of simulations needed to estimate $\boldsymbol{\Sigma }$ to sufficient accuracy poses a severe challenge. Approximating $\boldsymbol{\Sigma }$ using inexpensive but biased surrogates introduces model error with respect to full simulations, especially in the non-linear regime of structure growth. To address this problem we develop a matrix generalization of Convergence Acceleration by Regression and Pooling (CARPool) to combine a small number of simulations with fast surrogates and obtain low-noise estimates of $\boldsymbol{\Sigma }$ that are unbiased by construction. Our numerical examples use CARPool to combine GADGET-III N-body simulations with fast surrogates computed using COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA). Even at the challenging redshift z = 0.5, we find variance reductions of at least $\mathcal {O}(10^1)$ and up to $\mathcal {O}(10^4)$ for the elements of the matter power spectrum covariance matrix on scales 8.9 × 10−3 &lt; kmax &lt; 1.0 hMpc−1. We demonstrate comparable performance for the covariance of the matter bispectrum, the matter correlation function and probability density function of the matter density field. We compare eigenvalues, likelihoods, and Fisher matrices computed using the CARPool covariance estimate with the standard sample covariance and generally find considerable improvement except in cases where $\boldsymbol{\Sigma }$ is severely ill-conditioned.
SAbDab in the age of biotherapeutics: updates including SAbDab-nano, the nanobody structure tracker
Authors: Schneider Constantin , Raybould Matthew I J , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 2013, we released the Structural Antibody Database (SAbDab), a publicly available repository of experimentally determined antibody structures. In the interim, the rapid increase in the number of antibody structure depositions to the Protein Data Bank, driven primarily by increased interest in antibodies as biotherapeutics, has led us to implement several improvements to the original database infrastructure. These include the development of SAbDab-nano, a sub-database that tracks nanobodies (heavy chain-only antibodies) which have seen a particular growth in attention from both the academic and pharmaceutical research communities over the past few years. Both SAbDab and SAbDab-nano are updated weekly, comprehensively annotated with the latest features described here, and are freely accessible at opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/newsabdab/.