bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Homologies of the Primary Larval Plates in the Test of Brachiate Echinoderms
Authors: Sladen W. Percy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
All that had previously been written upon the subject of homologous plates in larval Echinodermata was critically discussed in the pages of this journal by my friend Mr. P. Herbert Carpenter, in his able and philosophical memoir “On the Oral and Apical Systems of Echinoderms,”1 and in his succeeding papers on Echinoderm Morphology.2 It will therefore be unnecessary for me to refer historically to the conflicting views which have been held at different times by those naturalists who have devoted their attention to the comparative embryology of the group, and who have endeavoured to trace correspondent plates in the different orders. In addition to systematising and consolidating what was known, Carpenter has also extended our knowledge of the subject greatly, not only by means of direct research but also by furnishing an interpretation of observations made by others, from which logical deductions had not previously been drawn. As my friend’s papers were written essentially from the Crinoid standpoint, I propose in the present notes to approach the subject from the Asterid side, because in the first place I differ from the conclusions arrived at by some of my predecessors, and in the second place I trust to be able to bring forward some details in the structure of the Asteroidea which, in my opinion, elucidate difficulties that have hitherto been the theme of doubtful contention and diversity of opinion.
On the Origin of Metameric Segmentation and some other Morphological Questions
Authors: Sedgwick Adam 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the following pages1 certain hypotheses with regard to the evolution of segmented Triploblastica (Annelida, Arthropoda, Vertebrata), and some apparently unsegmented forms (Mollusca Brachiopoda, Sagitta, Balanoglossus) are suggested and discussed.
On Certain Abnormalities in the Common Frog (Rana temporaria). 1. The Occurrence of an Ovotestis. 2. Abnormalities of the Vertebral Column
Authors: Bourne Alfred Gibbs 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
While much has been written, especially by human anatotomists concerning hermaphroditism, and numerous cases have been described as abnormalities in which the generative organs in the one sex, from imperfect or abnormal development, approach the condition of those in the other sex, little is known concerning the existence of true hermaphrodite glands in the Vertebrata.
On the Chlorophyll Corpuscles of some Infusoria
Authors: Sallitt Jessie A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A form of chlorophyll corpuscle present in Spongilla and Hydra viridis, which is peculiar to animals, has been recently described in this Journal by Professor Lankester.1 In connection with this work, I have at his suggestion examined several green forms of Infusoria, and I wish to thank him here for the help he has most kindly given me.
On some Points in the Minute Structure of the Pancreas
Authors: Gibbes Heneage 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the pancreas of the rabbit Kuhne and Lea have described accumulations of cells between the alveoli having a distinct blood supply. I have examined the pancreas in a large number of animals, such as dog, cat, guinea pig and ape, and I find that these agglomerations of cells are constant in all of them.
On the Laticiferous Tissue of Manihot Glaziovii (the Cearà Rubber)
Authors: Scott D. H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the course of some work on the development of laticiferous tissue in the secondary cortex I was led to examine the Ceará Rubber (Manihot Glaziovii), a plant to which my attention was first directed by Mr. Thiselton Dyer. The investigation of this plant has led to some very unexpected results, which it is the object of the present paper to communicate.
Note on the Laticiferous Tissue of Hevea spruceana
Authors: Scott D.H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The genus Hevea belongs to the sub-tribe Jatropheæ (Tribe Crotoneæ, N. O. Euphorbiaæ æ), according to the classification adopted in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum. I was not able to obtain material of the most important commercial species, H. brasiliensis, the Para rubber, as none could be spared just now from the Kew collection, but it is not probable that important differences exist between this species and H. spruceana, as regards the subject before us.
On Recent Researches into the Origin and Morphology of Chlorophyll Corpuscles and Allied Bodies
Authors: Bower F. O. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The readers of the ‘Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ‘will already be acquainted with the earlier researches of A. F. W. Schimper, “On the Development of Starch-grains,” a translation of his paper, published under the above heading in the ‘Botanische Zeitung ‘(1880), having appeared in vol. xxi (1881) of this Journal.
An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers
Authors: Hudson C. T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five- and-forty years have elapsed since Ehrenberg published his classification of the Rotifera, and his system still holds its ground. The mere statement of the fact is high praise ; for what have not classifiers altered, and attempted to alter, during the last half century ? Not that his classification has escaped challenge. It was sharply criticised in the ‘Histoire naturelle des Zoophytes by Dujardin, in 1841 ; and the author showed by his criticism that he would probably have invented an excellent classification, if he had only had the requisite knowledge. For his arrangement of the Rotifers into great groups was excellent, and he failed in his subdivisions, obviously from lack of personal acquaintance with the creatures he was classifying.
On the Development of Halisarca lobularis (O. Schmidt)
Authors: Sollas W. J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the summer of 1883, I spent—thanks to the hospitality which Professor Lacaze Duthiers so generously extends towards foreigners—some weeks in the Zoological Laboratory at Roscoff, Brittany, and while there was permitted to preserve for subsequent examination specimens which were not among the immediate objects of my research at that time. In this way I obtained several examples of both species of Halisarca, of which on my return to England I cut numerous sections, and then found that the specimens of Halisarca lobularis were richly crowded with broods of embryos in various stages of development.
The Cephalic Appendages of the Gymnosomatous Pteropoda, and especially of Clione
Authors: Pelseneer Paul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eschricht formerly made known, on the three pairs of cephaloconi (“Kopfkegel”) of Clione borealis, some structures which he described and represented as real suckers; at the same time he drew attention to the analogy of their situation with that of the suckers of the Cephalopoda.1
Evidence in favour of the View that the Coxal Gland of Limulus and. of other Arachnida is a Modified Nephridium
Authors: Gulland G.L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The following observations were made by the author whilst acting as assistant to Professor Lankester in connexion with a research on the comparative histology of the vascular system and connective tissues of Arthropoda and Mollusca, in aid of which a grant was made by the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society. The specimens of Limulus, of various sizes, from a quarter of an inch diameter upwards, were very kindly procured for Professor Lankester by Professor H. Newell Martin, of Baltimore.
Notes on the Embryology of Limulus
Authors: Kingsley J.S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Several papers have been published, upon the development of Limulus polyphemus, the titles of which will be found in the appended bibliography. Since Professor Ray Lankester has recently strongly advocated the Arachnidan affinities of Limulus it has seemed especially desirable to study the embryology of this form by means of sections, a method scarcely touched by Dr. Packard, the most voluminous writer upon this subject.
The Significance of Kupffer’s Vesicle, with Remarks on other Questions of Vertebrate Morphology.
Authors: Cunningham J. T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Some time ago I undertook the systematic study of the development of Teleosteans, because it seemed one of the more obscure departments of Vertebrate embryology. I was led to devote much attention to the herring, for of marine Teleosteans none offers more facilities to the embryologist.
On the Supposed Communication of the Vascular System with the Exterior in Pleurobranchus
Authors: Bourne Alfred Gibbs 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Lacaze-Duthiers1 has described in Pleurobranchus a special canal opening on the one hand to the exterior and on the other to the branchial vein, and in Dentalium, two orifices leading from the exterior into the two great veins in the mantle.
On the Relations of the Yolk to the Gastrula in Teleosteans, and in other Vertebrate Types
Authors: Cunningham J. T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The study of the ova of marine Teleostean fishes is now being actively pursued by many naturalists and is yielding results which are, in the present stage of the progress of zoological science, of great importance. These results are of various kinds. Some of them consist in the discovery of the conditions which affect the life and development of different kinds of ova, and the invention of methods and apparatus by which the favorable conditions can be most efficiently produced in the biological laboratory or in the premises of the pisciculturist. To this class of results the present paper makes but little contribution. Another class comprises the descriptions, measurements, and illustrations which set forth the peculiarities characterising the eggs of the several species. The knowledge of these peculiarities in the ovum of a given species is an addition to the sum of known facts concerning the lifehistory of that species ; and the accurate observation of these peculiarities is of special value in the case of pelagic ova, because in these inconspicuous features afford the only criteria by which the species to which they belong can be ascertained. To this second class of results some slight additions are made in this paper. A third class comprises discoveries of new facts concerning the processes of Teleostean development; explanations, more or less hypothetical, of the steps by which that process of development has been produced by the contending influences of heredity and adaptation ; and attempts to draw from the facts ascertained concerning Teleosteans, inferences as to the significance of the features of development peculiar to other vertebrate types. To suggest such explanations, of some of the earlier stages of Teleostean development, and to draw some inferences of the kind I refer to, are the principal objects of my paper.
Note on the Presence of a Neurenteric Canal in Rana
Authors: Durham Herbert E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the supplement number of this Journal (1885) Mr. W. B. Spencer says that he has found that the only communication which exists between the neural and alimentary canals in embryos of Rana is by means of the blastopore, and he therefore doubts whether, strictly speaking, a neurenteric canal is present in Rana.
The Preparation of the Eye for Histological Examination
Authors: Barrett Jamea W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the last eighteen months I have been endeavouring to prepare satisfactory sections of different portions of the eye, and the following communication, which treats only of method, is based upon the results obtained.
I am especially anxious that no statement in it shall be regarded as being final, since I feel convinced that success in this as in other branches of histology depends as much on the histologist’s knowledge of a method as on its intrinsic merits. My results may, however, serve to indicate the direction in which success is to be sought.
The Anatomy of the Madreporaria: II
Authors: Fowler G. Herbert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
IN a previous paper (4), I have described the anatomy of a solitary Imperforate coral, Flabellum; and of a branching Perforate, Rhodopsammia. The present memoir treats of two examples of colonial Perforate forms, Madrepora Durvillei and M. aspera.
On Some Points in the Development of Petromyzon fluviatilis.1
Authors: Shipley Arthur E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The development of the Lamprey has occupied the attention of many embryologists during the last fifty years. Of these we owe the most complete accounts of the changes through which the egg passes to Max Schultze, Owsjannikow, Calberla, Scott, Balfour, and Dohrn. I have recently worked through the development of Petromyzon again, and worked out the origin of several organs which have hitherto been incompletely known. In many of the most important points my researches confirm those of the earlier observers, and to these I have only referred at such length as would make the account intelligible ; in others, such as the persistence of the blastopore, the origin of the ventral mesoblast, &c., I differ from previous descriptions ; and some points, such as the development of the heart, of the parts of the brain and cranial nerves, are worked out for the first time.
Observations on the Structure and Distribution of Striped and Unstriped Muscle in the Animal Kingdom, and a Theory of Muscular Contraction
Authors: Marshall C. F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Striped muscle has long been known to occur widely distributed in the animal kingdom, but the details of the structure of the striped muscle-cell have been the subject of much controversy. Various descriptions have been given, widely differing from one another, and none of them affording a satisfactory basis of comparison with other cells. The demonstration of an intracellular network in the muscle-fibre by several recent observers appears to afford the most rational clue to its structure, for it not only explains all the appearances seen in the muscle-fibre, including those seen with polarised light in the living fibre by Brücke, but it also renders possible a comparison with other cells, and shows that a muscle-fibre is to be regarded as of essentially the same structure as an ordinary cell, and must not be considered as an enigmatical structure, the details of which do not correspond to those of any other cell in the animal economy.
Note on the Fate of the Blastopore in Rana temporaria
Authors: Sidebotham Harold 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the description given in Balfour’s ‘Comparative Embryology ‘of the development of the Amphibia, that portion of it which specially relates to the anourous Amphibia is mainly founded on the researches of Götte on Bombinator. It is there stated that 1 “at first the mesenteron freely communicates with the exterior by the opening of the blastopore. The lips of the blastopore gradually approximate, and form a passage, on the dorsal side of which the neural tube opens …. The external opening of this passage finally becomes obliterated, and the passage itself is left as a narrow diverticulum, leading from the hind end of the mesenteron into the neural canal. It forms the post-anal gut and gradually narrows, and finally atrophies. At its front border, on the ventral side, there may be seen a slight ventrally directed diverticulum of the alimentary tract, which first becomes visible at a somewhat earlier stage. This diverticulum becomes longer and meets an invagination of the skin, which arises in Rana temporaria at a somewhat earlier period than represented by Götte for Bombinator. This epiblastic invagination is the proctodæum, and an anal perforation eventually appears at its upper extremity.”
On the Structure of Three New Species of Earthworms, with Remarks on Certain Points in the Morphology of the Oligochæta
Authors: Beddard Frank E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper contains (1) an anatomical description of three new species of Earthworms, of which two are from New Zealand; (2) a discussion of certain points in the structure of the Oligochæta generally, which have been suggested by the study of these forms, but which involve the partial description of other Earthworms not systematically treated here.
On the Structure of the Valve in the Diatomaceæ, as compared with certain Siliceous Pellicles produced artificially by the decomposition in moist air of Fluo-silicic Acid Gas (Fluoride of Silicium.)
Authors: Schultze Max 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The following pages contain only an abstract of Professor Schultze’s observations, which are too long to be given entire. The subject appears to be one of considerable interest, notwithstanding that, so far as the nature of the marking on the Diatomaceæ is concerned, opinions may not, at the present day, be so much divided in this country as the author appears to think.
Researches on the nature of the vorticella-stem.
Authors: Meczntkow Elias 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The question respecting the anatomical and chemical structure of the lowest organisms possesses at the present time a special interest from its relation to the discussions regarding the cell-theory, which have of late been carried on so warmly. In order to throw some light upon this question, the author, under the guidance of Professor Sczelkow, undertook a series of researches respecting the behaviour of some of the Infusoria towards various physical and chemical reagents. These researches, however, being incomplete, he has in the present paper confined himself to a portion of them to which he had devoted more particular attention, viz., on the stem of Vorticella.
On the Urticating Filaments of the Eolidæ
Authors: Wright T. Strethill 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the second volume, new series, of this Journal, p. 274, is contained a translation of a paper, by Dr. Bergh, “On the existence of Urticating Filaments in the Mollusca.” As neither Dr. Bergh nor his translators appear to be aware that anything has been written on these bodies in Great Britain since the observations of Messrs. Hancock and Embleton were published, I am induced to lay before the readers of this Journal an abstract of a paper read by me to the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, on the 22nd of December, 1858, and published in their ‘Proceedings,’ containing observations “On the Cnidæ or Thread-cells of the Eolidæ,” which I have since confirmed by repeated experiments.
The Anatomy of the Madreporaria: V
Authors: Fowler G. Herbert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In spite of the fact that, in the last few years, our knowledge of the anatomical features of this group has been greatly widened, we still are acquainted with so few genera, that the time seems hardly yet ripe for a discussion of those modifications, which are likely to be ultimately introduced into the systematic classification by further morphological study. For the present, therefore, this series of papers1 will, it is hoped, be continued as simple descriptions of anatomical structure, without any attempt as yet at such discussion. An account of the following species will be found below :
Note on Certain Terminal Organs resembling Touch-corpuscles or End-bulbs in intra-muscular Connective-tissue of the Skate
Authors: Purvis George Carrington 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the spring of 1888, whilst examining the musculus sacro-lumbalis (Cuvier) of Raia clavata with gold chloride, I was struck with certain bodies which resembled end-bulbs. Assuming that they had most probably been described, I took no further notice of them beyond making a few sketches at the time; but on looking over some of the more recent text-books on histology I found no mention of such bodies in intramuscular connective tissue, and have therefore felt that a brief description of these structures may be of some interest.
On the Maturation of the Ovum and the Early Stages in the Development of Allopora
Authors: Hickson Sydney J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
My investigations may conveniently be considered under the following headings: 1.General summary of events.2.The formation and fate of the trophodisc.3.The changes of the germinal vesicle4.The formation of the embryonic ectoderm.5.The history of the yolk.6.General considerations and conclusion.
On Phymosoma varians
Authors: Shipley Arthur E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The material which forms the basis of the following paper was collected and preserved by Mr. W. F. R. Weldon, of St. John’s College, Cambridge, during a visit to the Bahamas. On his return to England Mr. Weldon commenced to work at Phymosoma, and made many microscopic sections and drawings. When, however, he received the appointment which he now holds at Plymouth he handed the whole material, together with his drawings, to me, with a request that I would complete the work thus interrupted. This statement will serve to show how much I am indebted to Mr. Weldon, both for material and for many of the drawings; but I have further to express my indebtedness to him for many suggestions and much help in completing the work he was unfortunately obliged to lay aside.
The Embryology of a Scorpion (Euscorpius italicus)
Authors: Laurie Malcolm 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since 1870 there has been no detailed work on the development of the Scorpion. As it seemed likely that with modern methods of section-cutting and the great advance which has been made of late years in the field of embryology, a renewed examination might yield interesting results, I have, at Professor Lankester’s suggestion, examined and cut sections of a large number of embryos of Euscorpius italicus preserved for him by the Zoological Station at Naples. I have also examined, a number of embryos of Scorpio (Buthus) fulvipes preserved and sent over from Madras by Professor Bourne. These, however, chiefly owing to the small amount of food-yolk, show such a great difference from E. italicus in their mode of development that it seems better to postpone the description of them to a future paper.
Notes on the Naidiform Oligochæta; containing a Description of New Species of the Genera Pristina and Pterostylarides, and Remarks upon Cephalization and Gemmation as Generic and Specific Characters in the Group
Authors: Gibbs Bourne Alfred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
These notes were commenced at the instigation of Professor Lankester in 1882, to whom the late Mr. Thomas Bolton had forwarded specimens of a Naid which Professor Lankester identified as the Nais littoralis of O. F. Miiller, together with another Annelid which I subsequently described as Haplobranchus æstuarinus.
The Formation and Fate of the Primitive Streak, with Observations on the Archentoron and Germinal Layers of Rana temporaria
Authors: Robinson Arthur , Assheton Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Even a superficial perusal of the literature of the development of the Amphibian ovum is sufficient to acquaint the inquirer with numerous contradictory statements concerning points of weighty morphological importance. Not only are there differences of opinion as to the interpretation of some of the developmental features which are generally allowed to be readily recognisable, but there are also assertions, made by different observers, concerning merely the structural arrangement and the fate of various portions of the Amphibian ovum which are absolutely irreconcilable with each other. The confusion is added to by a loose application of terms describing changes and areas, so that it becomes difficult to decide the exact relation that the Amphibian ovum bears to the ovum of other Vertebrates.