bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Interpretable and Unsupervised Machine Learning to Address Big Data from Modern X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Kim Eun-Ah , Venderley Jordan , Matty Michael , Mallayya Krishnanand , Krogstad Matthew , Ruff Jacob , Pleiss Geoff , Kishore Varsha , Mandrus David , Phelan Daniel , Poudel Lekh , Wilson Andrew , Weinberger Kilian , Upreti Puspa , Norman Michael , Rosenkranz Stephan , Osborn Raymond 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The information content of crystalline materials becomes astronomical when collective electronic behavior and their fluctuations are taken into account. In the past decade, improvements in source brightness and detector technology at modern x-ray facilities have allowed a dramatically increased fraction of this information to be captured. Now, the primary challenge is to understand and discover scientific principles from big data sets when a comprehensive analysis is beyond human reach. We report the development of a novel unsupervised machine learning approach, XRD Temperature Clustering (X-TEC), that can automatically extract charge density wave (CDW) order parameters and detect intra-unit cell (IUC) ordering and its fluctuations from a series of high-volume X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements taken at multiple temperatures. We apply X-TEC to XRD data on a quasi-skutterudite family of materials, (CaxSr1-x)3Rh4Sn13, where a quantum critical point arising from charge order is observed as a function of Ca concentration. We further apply X-TEC to XRD data on the pyrochlore metal, Cd2Re2O7, to investigate its two much debated structural phase transitions and uncover the Goldstone mode accompanying them. We demonstrate how unprecedented atomic scale knowledge can be gained when human researchers connect the X-TEC results to physical principles. Specifically, we extract from the X-TEC-revealed selection rule that the Cd and Re displacements are approximately equal in amplitude, but out of phase. This discovery reveals a previously unknown involvement of 5d2 34 Re, supporting the idea of an electronic origin to the structural order. Our approach can radically transform XRD experiments by allowing in-operando data analysis and enabling researchers to refine experiments by discovering interesting regions of phase space on-the- y.
A Comparison of Laparoscopic Enucleation with Preoperative Selective Arterial Embolization (SAE) and Non-SAE for Renal Angiomyolipoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kang Jiaqi , Song Yuxuan , Wang Shangren , Tian Jia , Liu Li , Liu Xiaoqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To compare the outcomes of laparoscopic enucleation with preoperative selective arterial embolization (SAE) and non-SAE for renal angiomyolipoma (RAML), we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to May 2019. Pooled relative ratio (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the perioperative outcomes assessing the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic enucleation with SAE and non-SAE.Results: A total of 4 studies were incorporated. The results showed that SAE group had a shorter operative time (SMD -2.15, 95% CI: -2.85 to -1.46, P < 0.001) , less blood loss (SMD -1.77, 95% CI: -2.06 to -1.47, P < 0.001), shorter warm ischemia time (SMD -2.57, 95% CI: -3.04 to -2.10, P < 0.001), and lower postoperative complication rate (RR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.98, P = 0.047), compared with the Non-SAE group. However, there was no significant difference in length of stay after operation (SMD -0.82, 95% CI: -3.26 to 1.63, P = 0.512), postoperative serum creatinine (SMD -0.59, 95% CI: -1.35 to 0.18, P =0.133), and GFR (SMD 0.59, 95% CI: -0.15 to 1.32, P =0.116) between the two groups. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of our meta-analysis were robust, and deleting anyone study had no significant effect on the pooled results.Conclusions: Laparoscopic enucleation with preoperative SAE can shorten the operation time and warm ischemia time, decrease blood loss, preserve the renal function, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is a good option for the treatment of large RAMLs.
Iranian Primary Healthcare System's Response to Pandemic Covid- 19 Using Healthcare Incident Command System
Authors: Yari Arezoo , Yousefi-Khoshsabeghe Homa , Zarezadeh Yadolah , Amraei Majid , Boubakran Mohsen Soufi , Motlagh Mohamad Esmaeil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The healthcare incident command system (HICS) is a potent disaster management tool in healthcare systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of HICS on the district health networks (DHNs) covered by provincial Medical Universities (PMU) in terms of the management and commanding of the corona crisis in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed in June 2020 in Iran. Data were collected using the HICS assessment tool by trained crisis management experts in the DHNs. In addition, we investigated the effects of the HICS use on the management and commanding of the corona crisis. Furthermore, the effects of the HICS use were evaluated on two groups of DHNs with active HICS and DHNs with inactive or no HICS. Results: The total mean score of the corona incident command and management was 78.79±11.90 (range: 20-100) in all the DHNs. The DHNs had the highest scores in the dimensions of organizational support and coordination and the lowest score in the dimension of support and planning. Significant differences were observed between the DHNs with active HICS and DHNs with inactive or no HICS in terms of the mean scores of incident management and command and its dimensions.Conclusions: According to the results, the HICS use had a positive impact on the improvement of incident management and command and all of its dimensions. Therefore, the HICS could be used in primary healthcare for the systematic and proper management of infectious disease crises and increasing their efficiency in response to these phenomena.
Dirac Redux - Dirac’s Equation in Physical Spacetime without Internal Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Andoni S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Dirac equation (DE) is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics. We prove in the present contribution that the notion of internal degrees of freedom of the electron represented by Dirac’s matrices1,2 is superfluous. One can write down a coordinate-free manifestly covariant vector equation by direct quantization of the 4-momentum vector with modulus m: Pψ=mψ (no slash!), the spinor ψ taking care of the different vector grades at the two sides of the equation. Electron spin and all the standard DE properties emerge from this equation. In coordinate representation, the four orthonormal time-space frame vectors Xµ appear instead of Dirac’s Yµ-matrices, the two sets obeying to the same Clifford algebra. The present formalism expands Hestenes’ spacetime algebra (STA) by adding a reflector vector x5 that is defining for the C (particle-antiparticle) symmetry and the CPT symmetry of DE, as well as for left- and right-handed rotors and spinors. In 3D it transforms a parity-odd vector x into a parity-even vector σ=x5x and vice versa. STA augmented by the reflector will be referred to as STAR, which operates on a real vector space of same dimension as the equivalent real dimension of Dirac’s complex 4×4 matrices. There are no matrices in STAR and the complex character springs from the signature and dimension of spacetime-reflection. This appears most clearly by first showing that STAR comprises two isomorphic subspaces, one for generators of polar vectors and boosts and the other for generators of axial vectors and rotors, including Pauli spin vectors. These then help to discuss the symmetries, probability current, transformation properties and nonrelativistic approximation of STAR DE. We prove here that the information from γ-matrices is contained in spacetime-reflection, which makes the matrices redundant. Therefore, it becomes relevant to reexamine those areas of quantum physics that take the γ-matrices and their generalizations as fundamental.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies TBC1D10C as A New Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer
Authors: Qiao Huiying , Lv Rong , Pang Yongkui , Yao Zhibing , Zhou Xi , Zhu Wei , zhou wenqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BRCA) patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can downregulate the immune response to cancer therapy. Our study aimed to find a TME-related biomarker to identify patients who might respond to immunotherapy. Method: We downloaded raw data from several databases including TCGA and MDACC to identify TME hub genes associated with overall survival (OS) and the progression-free interval (PFI) by WGCNA. Correlations between hub genes and either tumor-infiltrating immune cells or immune checkpoints were conducted by ssGSEA.Result: TME-related green and black modules were selected by WGCNA to further screen hub genes. Random forest, univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were applied to screen hub genes (MYO1G, TBC1D10C, SELPLG, and LRRC15) and construct a nomogram to predict survival of BRCA patients. The C-index for the nomogram was 0.713. A DCA of the predictive model revealed that the net benefit of nomogram was significantly higher than others and the calibration curve demonstrated a good performance by the nomogram. Only TBC1D10C was correlated with both OS and the PFI (both p-values<0.05). TBC1D10C also had a high positive association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and common immune checkpoints (PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIGIT).Conclusion: We constructed a TME-related gene signature model to predict the survival probability of BRCA patients. We also identified a hub gene, TBC1D10C, which was correlated with both OS and the PFI and had a high positive association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and common immune checkpoints. TBC1D10C may be a new biomarker to select patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.
Smart Traffic Management and Control system Based on IoT
Authors: Abuga Dominic , Raghava Nallanthighal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been an exponential increase in population in many cities globally, posing a challenge in managing and controlling traffic. According to the National Transport and Safety Authority of Kenya, in the year 2020, 134,000 crashes led to 3600 fatalities. During peak hours of traffic, Kenya's average city resident wastes two litres of fuel in traffic daily. Traffic jams result in wastage of time with an average motorist using almost an hour daily. They cause fuel wastage and environmental pollution as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Pollution has a devastating effect on human beings, animals, and plants around us. IoT technology is best suited for tackling the problem of traffic management and control in the city. This paper will focus on the design and development of IoT based real-time monitoring framework for the city that also incorporates the use of remote sensing technology. The proposed system has an advantage over other existing methods because it is easy to design, develop and implement; it will reduce the amount of time spent in traffic, will lower the consumption of fuel and the number of fatalities and accidents on the roads.
The Relationship Between ABO Blood Groups and Retinal Venous Occlusion
Authors: Kaya Pinar , Uzel Mehmet Murat , Kayıkçıoğlu Ömer Can , Güler Cenap 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between retinal vein occlusions (RVO) and blood groups.Methods Detailed ophthalmological examinations, systemic diseases and blood groups of patients who applied to Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic between February 2019 and May 2020 with retinal vein occlusion were retrospectively analyzed. The blood groups of the patients were divided into 2 groups as O and non-O. The results were compared with a normal group matched in terms of age and gender. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between blood group types and vein occlusions.Results A total of 116 people were included in the study. The mean age of 38 patients with vein occlusion was 61.8 ± 11.3, while the mean age of 78 patients without vein occlusion was 62.6 ± 11.1 (p=0.696). In the RVO patients group, 14 (36.8%) were female, 30 (78.9%) had non-O blood group, 20 (52.6%) had hypertension (HT), 19 (50%) had diabetes mellitus (DM). According to the results of simple logistic regression analysis, non-O blood group and HT have statistically significant effects on RVO formation (Simple Regression Analysis results: OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.00-6.09, p=0.049; OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.00-4.90, p=0.048 ; respectively). Non-O blood group and HT significance remained limited as a result of multiple regression analysis (OR 2.47,95% CI 0.97-6.06, p=0.057; OR 2.18, 95% CI 0.97-4.88, p=0.057, respectively).Conclusion Non-0 blood type can be considered as a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion.
Feasibility and Outcomes of Cytoreductive Surgery &amp; HIPEC for Peritoneal Surface Malignancies in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Single centre Experience of 232 Cases
Authors: Deo Suryanarayana , Ray Mukurdipi , Bansal Babul , Bhoriwal Sandeep , Bhatnagar Sushma , Garg Rakesh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Sharma Atul , Kumar Lalit , Thulkar Sanjay , Dhamija Ekta , Mathur Sandeep , Das Prasenjit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has recently emerged as a viable management option for peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM). CRS and HIPEC is a complex, multidisciplinary and resource intensive surgical option with a steep learning curve and significant morbidity and mortality. Most of experience is limited to few dedicated high volume centres from developed countries. We present a single institutional experience of 155 cases of CRS and HIPEC performed at a tertiary care cancer centre in a low & middle-income country (LMIC).Methods: A multidisciplinary PSM program was initiated in 2015 at a high volume tertiary care cancer centre in north India catering largely to patients belonging to low and middle income groups. Perioperative protocols applicable to practice setting were developed and a prospective structured PSM data base was created for capturing the data. All patients undergoing CRS & HIPEC between January 2015 to December 2020 were identified and the data was analysed for clinical spectrum, surgical details, peri-operative morbidity and mortality.Results: A total of 232 cases of PSM underwent CRS and HIPEC during the study period. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (56.5%) was the most common clinical entity treated, followed by pseudomyxoma peritonei (18.5%), colorectal carcinoma (13.4%) and malignant mesothelioma (5.6%). Optimal CRS could be achieved in 94.4% of patients. Cisplatin and mitomycin were the most common drugs used for HIPEC. A total of 28.0% of patients had morbidity including deep vein thrombosis, sub-acute intestinal obstruction, sepsis, burst abdomen, lymphocele, ureteric injury, acute renal failure, entero-cutaneous fistula. The overall treatment related mortality was 3.5%.Conclusions: Results of the current study indicate that it is feasible to establish a successful CRS and HIPEC program for PSM in LMIC facing resource constraints. The most common indication for CRS and HIPEC were carcinoma ovary followed by pseudomyxoma peritonei and colorectal carcinoma. Overall morbidity and mortality of the current series are comparable to global rates reported from high income countries. A protocol based multidisciplinary team approach, optimal patient selection and surgical expertise plays a crucial role for optimal outcomes.
Continuous effectiveness and safety after a hospital-wide switch to adalimumab biosimilar: an observational study in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Brouwer Rianne , Klooster Peter M. ten , Masselink Joost B. , Vonkeman Harald E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Only few observational studies have investigated the actual effectiveness of switching to biosimilars in daily clinical practice in unselected patients. The objective of this study was to examine the maintenance of effect and safety after a hospital-wide switch for economic reasons from adalimumab originator Humira® to biosimilar Amgevita® in real-world rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and patient satisfaction with the switch.
Methods

A single centre retrospective observational study of RA patients on the course of their disease activity (DAS28, ESR and CRP), health-related quality of life (SF-36) and functional disability (HAQ-DI) before and up to one year after the switch, supplemented with a cross-sectional survey on satisfaction and experienced side effects approximately 18 months after the switch. Treatment outcomes were analysed with linear mixed modelling and generalized estimation equations.
Results

On November 1st 2018, 239 rheumatology patients switched to the adalimumab biosimilar. Of 52 RA patients who met the inclusion criteria sufficient data were available. Disease activity levels, the proportion of patients in remission (DAS28 < 2.6), and SF-36 and HAQ-DI scores did not significantly change from before the switch. 38 of the 52 analysed patients returned the questionnaire. Overall, patients were satisfied with the switch. Three patients (7.9%) stopped the biosimilar due to side effects.
Conclusion

Switching to the adalimumab biosimilar did not result in increased disease activity or worse patient-reported outcomes over an observation period of 9 to 12 months. Also, there was no apparent evidence of increased side effects. Patients themselves were mostly satisfied with the switching experience.
Atypical benign partial epilepsy and a new variant of SLC35A3 gene plus 2p25.1 duplication. Phenotypic-Genotypic correlation?
Authors: Parano Enrico , Pavone Piero , Pappalardo Xena Giada , Caraballo Roberto , Praticò Andrea Domenico , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Atypical Benign Partial Epilepsy (ABPE), recognized also as pseudo-Lennox syndrome, is an uncommon form of epilepsy characterized by generalized minor seizures such as atonic, absences, or myoclonic seizures, and electroencephalographic pattern of focal or multifocal sharp waves with activation of epileptiform discharges during sleep. ABPE is indicated as a variant of ESES (ILAE classification 2017). ESES is a clinical entity that is characterized by encephalopathy with cognitive/ behavioral regression and EEG pattern of electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep. Fine and gross motor, language and social/behavioral impairment are associated symptoms, which may have reversible or persistent course. ABPE has been ascribed to the group of the “epilepsy aphasia spectrum” disorders, which includes also Rolandic Epilepsy, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep/continuous spike-wave during sleep. We report a young boy with a previous mild motor and language delay, who at 2-year-old presented with recurrent atonic seizures and an EEG pattern consisting of continuous spike and waves during sleep. Methods Next Generation Sequencing and microarray technology were used to investigate the molecular background of the proband, and the findings were then analyzed and integrated with clinical data. Results The child has been followed up to 7 years of age showing a progressive, complete EEG resolution and a normalization of the previous motor and cognitive impairment in association to the levetiracetam treatment. Genetic diagnosis displayed a novel heterozygous mutation c.310G>A of the SLC35A3 gene and a partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 2, which might have pathogenic correlation with the neurological signs presented by the child. Conclusions Data generated by a genomic approach disclose a more comprehensive view of the genotype-phenotype correlation analysis for the novel pathogenic variant and ABPE. The relationship between the phenotypic manifestations of the child and genetic data is discussed.
Higher risk for poor handwriting in Taiwanese children born late preterm
Authors: Hwang Yea-Shwu , Chen Chih-Cheng , Shih Hui-Ning , Tsai Wen-Hui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLate preterm and early term births constitute a significant proportion of live births. However, handwriting skills of these two populations remain unclear. We aimed to investigate their risk for poor Chinese handwriting in grade two.MethodsA total of 185 second graders born late preterm (34+ 0-36+ 6 weeks gestation, n = 54), early term (37+ 0-38+ 6 weeks gestation, n = 56), and full term (39+ 0-41+ 6 weeks gestation, n = 75) without any intervention or diagnosis related to developmental delays were included. Their handwriting performance was rated by teachers using the Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (CHEF), which is a standardized handwriting scale including five handwriting dimensions (construction, accuracy, directionality, speed, and pencil grasp).ResultsAfter controlling for demographic risk factors, the late preterm born group had a greater risk of having worse performance in the full form (adjusted odds ratio < OR > = 3.93; p = .038) and construction dimension (adjusted OR = 4.77; p = .009) of the CHEF than peers born at full term; whereas the risks were comparable for the early and full term born groups.ConclusionsLate preterm but not early term born children were found to be at higher risk for poor Chinese handwriting in grade two. They particularly have difficulty with spatial construction including size, spacing, and alignment of Chinese characters and components that may influence handwriting legibility.
Randomised Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma Use Among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (PERUCONPLASMA): A Structured Summary af a Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Soto Alonso , Krapp Fiorella , Vargas Alex , Cabrejos Lucía , Argumanis Enrique , García Patricia L , Altamirano Karina , Montes Martín , Chacón-Uscamaita Pamela R , García Patricia J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives The general objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that administration of convalescent plasma from donors with previous diagnosis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia is safe and associated with a decrease in all-cause in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at 30 days in comparison with standard treatment alone. The secondary objectives are: 1) to assess the efficacy of convalescent plasma to reduce the length of hospitalization; 2) to assess the efficacy of convalescent plasma to reduce the length of ICU stay; and 3) to assess the efficacy of convalescent plasma on reducing the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation or ICU stay. Trial design PERUCONPLASMA is a IIb phase open label, randomised, superiority clinical trial with 1:1 allocation taking place in real life routine clinical practice at public hospitals in Lima, Peru. Participants will be randomised to receive convalescent plasma along with local standard treatment or local standard treatment alone. After allocation all participants will be followed for a total of 30 days or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first.