bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of COVID‐19 cases during Tokyo's Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Tokuda Yasuharu , Kuniya Toshikazu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTokyo's Olympic and Paralympic Games set to begin in late July 2021 without spectators from abroad, but vaccine rollout has been slow in Japan compared with other developed countries. In this study, COVID‐19 epidemic curve in Tokyo is developed based on weekly reported data from January 23, 2020, until April 16, 2021. The maximum daily number of infected cases in Tokyo in August 2021 would be 7,991 if the current pace of vaccinations would be used (1/1,000 per day). This daily number is greater than the highest daily cases (2,447) recorded on January 7, 2021. However, if the rollout pace could be doubled (1/500 per day), the peak daily new cases would be 4,470 in August. If it could be quadrupled (1/250 per day), the peak would be noted at 2,128 in July and the highest number in August would be 1,977. If vaccine rollout could not be enhanced, the cancellation might be an acceptable decision, since health is the most precious to local people and our Olympians.
Visualising the urethra for prostate radiotherapy planning
Authors: Richardson Matthew , Skehan Kate , Wilton Lee , Sams Joshua , Samuels Justin , Goodwin Jonathan , Greer Peter , Sridharan Swetha , Martin Jarad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe prostatic urethra is an organ at risk for prostate radiotherapy with genitourinary toxicities a common side effect. Many external beam radiation therapy protocols call for urethral sparing, and with modulated radiotherapy techniques, the radiation dose distribution can be controlled so that maximum doses do not fall within the prostatic urethral volume. Whilst traditional diagnostic MRI sequences provide excellent delineation of the prostate, uncertainty often remains as to the true path of the urethra within the gland. This study aims to assess if a high‐resolution isotropic 3D T2 MRI series can reduce inter‐observer variability in urethral delineation for radiotherapy planning.MethodsFive independent observers contoured the prostatic urethra for ten patients on three data sets; a 2 mm axial CT, a diagnostic 3 mm axial T2 TSE MRI and a 0.9 mm isotropic 3D T2 SPACE MRI. The observers were blinded from each other’s contours. A Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) score was calculated using the intersection and union of the five observer contours vs an expert reference contour for each data set.ResultsThe mean DSC of the observer vs reference contours was 0.47 for CT, 0.62 for T2 TSE and 0.78 for T2 SPACE (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe introduction of a 0.9 mm isotropic 3D T2 SPACE MRI for treatment planning provides improved urethral visualisation and can lead to a significant reduction in inter‐observer variation in prostatic urethral contouring.
Group A rotavirus prevalence and genotypes among adult outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2011–2018
Authors: Tian Yi , Gao Zhiyong , Li Weihong , Liu Baiwei , Chen Yanwei , Jia Lei , Yan Hanqiu , Wang Quanyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroup A rotavirus (RVA) is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. However, RVA is also an important pathogen causing adult diarrhea, with higher infection rates in older patients. To provide evidence for rotavirus epidemic control and to inform vaccine development, we analyzed the molecular epidemiology of RVA among adult outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing from 2011 to 2018. Stool specimens were collected monthly from 14 districts. RVA was detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Genotyping of rotavirus was performed using multiplex semi‐nested RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood methods implemented in MEGA software (version 6.06). Logistic regression and chi‐square tests were used to assess differences among age groups, districts, years, and genotype distributions. The prevalence of rotavirus was 10.16% (1310 of 12,893) among adult outpatients with diarrhea from 2011 to 2018 in Beijing. The highest prevalence (13.74%, 600 of 4367) was observed among those aged 41 to 65 years. November, December, and January had the highest positive detection rates. In 2011, G3P[8] and G9P[8] were the dominant genotypes. Starting from 2012, G9P[8] became the dominant genotype. Most G9 strains belonged to the G9‐VI clade. Most P[8] strains belonged to the P[8]‐III clade. RVA is a major cause of adult diarrhea in Beijing. Continuous molecular surveillance is needed, and transmission of rotavirus between children and adults should be investigated further.
Treatment strategy and endpoint of catheter ablation for bi‐atrial tachycardia after substrate modification ablation in a low voltage zone of the left atrial anterior wall: Long‐term results
Authors: Arai Tomoyuki , Hojo Rintaro , Tokioka Sayuri , Kitamura Takeshi , Fukamizu Seiji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe termination of bi‐atrial tachycardia (BiAT) via the ablation of the Bachmann's bundle (BB) and mitral isthmus (MI) has been previously reported; however, the strategy and long‐term results of catheter ablation for BiAT remain unclear.MethodsThe data of nine patients with BiAT who underwent low voltage zone (LVZ) ablation of the left atrial anterior wall (LAAW) after pulmonary vein isolation were reviewed. Patients with a P wave duration <100 ms during sinus rhythm underwent MI ablation and those with a P wave duration >100 ms underwent BB ablation.ResultsMI ablation was performed in three patients and six patients underwent BB ablation. The difference in the P wave duration before and after ablation was significantly different between the ablation sites (MI group: 5.0 ms difference; BB group; 38.5 ms difference; P = .024). The P wave duration was prolonged by >20 ms and was 120 ms or more after ablation in 5/6 patients who underwent BB ablation. The total recurrence rate was 11.0% (mean: 26.9 months).ConclusionThe recurrence of BiAT after MI or BB ablation is low. When BB ablation was performed, the P wave duration was prolonged by >20 ms and was at least 120 ms after the ablation, which may be an endpoint that can be used to measure the success of the ablation.
Ambulatory ECG monitoring for syncope and collapse in United States, Europe, and Japan: The patients’ viewpoint
Authors: Altinsoy Meltem , Sutton Richard , Kohno Ritsuko , Sakaguchi Scott , Mears Robin K. , Benditt David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPractice guidelines provide clinicians direction for the selection of ambulatory ECG (AECG) monitors in the evaluation of syncope/collapse. However, whether patients’ understand differences among AECG systems is unknown.Methods and ResultsA survey was conducted of USA (n = 99), United Kingdom (UK)/Germany (D) (n = 75) and Japan (n = 40) syncope/collapse patients who underwent diagnostic AECG monitoring. Responses were quantitated using a Likert‐like 7‐point scale (mean ± SD) or percent of patients indicating a Top 2 box (T2B) for a particular AECG attribute. Patient ages and diagnosed etiologies of syncope/collapse were similar across geographies. Patients were queried on AECG attributes including the ability to detect arrhythmic/cardiac causes of collapse, instructions received, ease of use, and cost. Patient perception of the diagnostic capabilities and ease of use did not differ significantly among the AECG technologies; however, USA patients had a more favorable overall view of ICM/ILRs (T2B: 42.4%) than did UK/D (T2B: 28%) or Japan (T2B: 17.5%) patients. Similarly, US patient rankings for education received regarding device choice and operation tended to be higher than UK/D or Japan patients; nevertheless, at their best, the Likert scores were low (approximately 4.7‐6.0) suggesting need for education improvement. Finally, both US and UK/D patients were similarly concerned with ICM costs (T2B, 31% vs 20% for Japan).ConclusionsPatients across several geographies have a similar but imperfect understanding of AECG technologies. Given more detailed education the patient is likely to be a more effective partner with the clinician in establishing a potential symptom‐arrhythmia correlation.
Mass spectrometry‐based strategies for single‐cell metabolomics
Authors: Hu Rui , Li Ying , Yang Yunhuang , Liu Maili 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle cell analysis has drawn increasing interest from the research community due to its capability to interrogate cellular heterogeneity, allowing refined tissue classification and facilitating novel biomarker discovery. With the advancement of relevant instruments and techniques, it is now possible to perform multiple omics including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics or even proteomics at single cell level. In comparison with other omics studies, single‐cell metabolomics (SCM) represents a significant challenge since it involves many types of dynamically changing compounds with a wide range of concentrations. In addition, metabolites cannot be amplified. Although difficult, considerable progress has been made over the past decade in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based SCM in terms of processing technologies and biochemical applications. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in the development of promising MS platforms, sample preparation methods and SCM analysis of various cell types (including plant cell, cancer cell, neuron, embryo cell, and yeast cell). Current limitations and future research directions in the field of SCM will also be discussed.
Optimized 64‐channel array configurations for accelerated simultaneous multislice acquisitions in 3T cardiac MRI
Authors: Etzel Robin , Mekkaoui Choukri , Ivshina Ekaterina S. , Reese Timothy G. , Sosnovik David E. , Hansen Sam‐Luca J. D. , Ghotra Anpreet , Kutscha Nicolas , Chemlali Chaimaa , Wald Lawrence L. , Mahnken Andreas H. , Keil Boris 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThree 64‐channel cardiac coils with different detector array configurations were designed and constructed to evaluate acceleration capabilities in simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging for 3T cardiac MRI.MethodsThree 64‐channel coil array configurations obtained from a simulation‐guided design approach were constructed and systematically evaluated regarding their encoding capabilities for accelerated SMS cardiac acquisitions at 3T. Array configuration AUni‐sized consists of uniformly distributed equally sized loops in an overlapped arrangement, BGapped uses a gapped array design with symmetrically distributed equally sized loops, and CDense has non‐uniform loop density and size, where smaller elements were centered over the heart and larger elements were placed surrounding the target region. To isolate the anatomic variation from differences in the coil configurations, all three array coils were built with identical semi‐adjustable housing segments. The arrays’ performance was compared using bench‐level measurements and imaging performance tests, including signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) maps, array element noise correlation, and SMS acceleration capabilities. Additionally, all cardiac array coils were evaluated on a healthy volunteer.ResultsThe array configuration CDense with the non‐uniformly distributed loop density showed the best overall cardiac imaging performance in both SNR and SMS encoding power, when compared to the other constructed arrays. The diffusion weighted cardiac acquisitions on a healthy volunteer support the favorable accelerated SNR performance of this array configuration.ConclusionOur results indicate that optimized highly parallel cardiac arrays, such as the 64‐channel coil with a non‐uniform loop size and density improve highly accelerated SMS cardiac MRI in comparison to symmetrically distributed loop array designs.
Contemporary Challenges of Nursing CPD: Time to change the model to meet citizens’ needs
Authors: Jackson Carolyn , Manley Kim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the evidence shared with a citizen Consensus panel detailing key issues associated with how nursing CPD can best influence the quality of health and social care experienced by citizens and communities. It presents a summary of contemporary theory, research and evidence of the effectiveness of nursing CPD and outlines four key challenges: (i) how to strengthen the focus on patient experience as the starting point for CPD; (ii) the lack of evidence of CPD effectiveness and accountability in its transfer to practice; (iii) evaluation of CPD effectiveness; and (iv) involving citizens in targeting CPD where it is most needed. It briefly describes the methods used to facilitate public consultation through a citizen Consensus panel as part of a collaborative project with the RCN Strategic Research Alliance in 2020 and outlines 7 themes identified as important by the public for future development. The main challenge for nursing is capitalizing on the workplace as a learning resource that can integrate learning with development, improvement, knowledge translation, inquiry and innovation. This requires skilled facilitators, particularly at meso‐ levels, and systems leaders with the full skillset to develop system‐wide cultures of learning that enable everyone to flourish and create good places to work. The paper concludes that the development of CPD process measures would indicate how CPD investment contributes to person‐centred, safe and effective care and system transformation and enable commissioners and education providers to optimize CPD’s full potential.
Obesity and Cancer Risk in White and Black Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Yang Shengping , Mire Emily F. , Wu Xiaocheng , Miele Lucio , Ochoa Augusto , Zabaleta Jovanny , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveAnthropometric measures of obesity, including BMI and waist circumference (WC), do not quantify excess adiposity and metabolic abnormalities consistently across racial populations. This study tested the hypothesis that participant race modifies the association of anthropometric measures of obesity and cancer risk.MethodsThis prospective cohort (The Pennington Center Longitudinal Study) included 18,296 adults, 6,405 (35.0%) male sex and 6,273 (34.3%) Black race. The primary exposures were BMI (weight in kilograms/height in meters squared) and WC (centimeters). The primary end point was the time from study enrollment to diagnosis of histologically confirmed invasive cancer.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 14.0 years (interquartile range: 9.8‐19.0 years), invasive cancer occurred in 1,350 participants. Among men, race modified the association of BMI (Pinteraction = 0.02) and WC (Pinteraction = 0.01) with cancer incidence; compared with a BMI of 22 kg/m2, a BMI of 35 kg/m2 in White men was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.83 (95% CI: 1.58‐2.12), whereas in Black men, the hazard ratio was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.72‐1.11). Among women, race did not modify the association of BMI (Pinteraction = 0.41) or WC (Pinteraction = 0.36) with cancer incidence.ConclusionsIn this diverse cohort of adults, participant race and sex modified the prognostic associations of anthropometric measures of obesity and cancer risk.
Characterisation of dysplastic liver nodules using low‐pass DNA sequencing and detection of chromosome arm‐level abnormalities in blood‐derived cell‐free DNA
Authors: Fateen Waleed , Johnson Philip J , Wood Henry M , Zhang Han , He Shan , El‐Meteini Mahmoud , Wyatt Judy I , Aithal Guruprasad P , Quirke Philip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐grade dysplasia carries significant risk of transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite this, at the current standard of care, all non‐malignant hepatic nodules including high‐grade dysplastic nodules are managed similarly. This is partly related to difficulties in distinguishing high‐risk pathology in the liver. We aimed to identify chromosome arm‐level somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) that characterise the transition of liver nodules along the cirrhosis–dysplasia–carcinoma axis. We validated our findings on an independent cohort using blood‐derived cell‐free DNA. A repository of non‐cancer DNA sequences obtained from patients with HCC (n = 389) was analysed to generate cut‐off thresholds aiming to minimise false‐positive SCNAs. Tissue samples representing stages from the multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis (n = 184) were subjected to low‐pass whole genome sequencing. Chromosome arm‐level SCNAs were identified in liver cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules, and HCC to assess their discriminative capacity. Samples positive for 1q+ or 8q+ arm‐level duplications were likely to be either HCC or high‐grade dysplastic nodules as opposed to low‐grade dysplastic nodules or cirrhotic tissue with an odds ratio (OR) of 35.5 (95% CI 11.5–110) and 16 (95% CI 6.4–40.2), respectively (p < 0.0001). In an independent cohort of patients recruited from Nottingham, UK, at least two out of four alterations (1q+, 4q−, 8p−, and 8q+) were detectable in blood‐derived cell‐free DNA of patients with HCC (n = 22) but none of the control patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 9). Arm‐level SCNAs on 1q+ or 8q+ are associated with high‐risk liver pathology. These can be detected using low‐pass sequencing of cell‐free DNA isolated from blood, which may be a future early cancer screening tool for patients with liver cirrhosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Impact of COVID‐19 on adolescent and emerging adult brain tumor survivors and their parents
Authors: Fisher Allison P. , Patronick Jamie , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Radonovich Krestin , Salloum Ralph , Wade Shari L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted unprecedented challenges, contributing to greater difficulties among families of children with special health care needs, such as pediatric brain tumor survivors. We examined the impact of the pandemic on psychosocial functioning of adolescent and emerging adult survivors and their parents. We hypothesized that COVID‐19 disruptions and survivor social connectedness would be associated with survivor‐reported posttraumatic stress and family outcomes, including family functioning, parenting, and parent mental health.ProcedureFifty‐five families (44 survivors, 48 parents) were recruited via phone and email to participate in the study. Survivors were ages 13–25 (M = 19.62, SD = 3.47) and at least 5 years post diagnosis. Parents completed the COVID‐19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS), and survivors completed the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) COVID‐19 child self‐report form, which assessed pandemic impacts on their psychosocial functioning.ResultsParents reported a mean of 7.52 (SD = 2.83) disruptions to their families’ lives. The pandemic negatively affected survivors’ life satisfaction (Mdiff = 0.46, t(44) = 3.96, p < .001), with 92% reporting reduced social connectedness (n = 39). Total disruptions due to COVID‐19 and survivor social connectedness predicted survivor‐reported posttraumatic stress, above and beyond survivors’ pre‐pandemic psychosocial risk. Most parents reported positive changes in their parenting (n = 31, 67.4%) and family cohesion (n = 30, 66.7%). However, they also reported worsened mood (n = 28, 62.3%) and increased anxiety (n = 31, 71.1%).ConclusionsParents and survivors reported positive and negative impacts of COVID‐19, which had downstream consequences on survivor psychosocial functioning. Follow‐up care should consider potential adverse effects on social connectedness and stress symptoms.
Mapping the interaction between eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) and the inhibitor hippuristanol using carbene footprinting and mass spectrometry
Authors: Lloyd James R. , Hogan Amy , Paschalis Vasileios , Bellamy‐Carter Jeddidiah , Bottley Andrew , Seymour Graham B. , Hayes Christopher J. , Oldham Neil J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein‐ligand interactions are central to protein activity and cell functionality. Improved knowledge of these relationships greatly benefits our understanding of key biological processes and aids in rational drug design towards the treatment of clinically relevant diseases. Carbene footprinting is a recently developed mass spectrometry‐based chemical labelling technique that provides valuable information relating to protein‐ligand interactions, such as the mapping of binding sites and associated conformational change. Here, we show the application of carbene footprinting to the interaction between eIF4A helicase and a natural product inhibitor, hippuristanol, found in the coral Isis hippuris. Upon addition of hippuristanol we identified reduced carbene labelling (masking) in regions of eIF4A previously implicated in ligand binding. Additionally, we detected hippuristanol‐associated increased carbene labelling (unmasking) around the flexible hinge region of eIF4A, indicating ligand‐induced conformational change. This work represents further development of the carbene footprinting technique and demonstrates its potential in characterising medicinally relevant protein‐ligand interactions.
Dose intra‐subject escalation to an event (DIETE): A new method for phase 1 dose‐finding utilizing systematic intra‐subject dose escalation with application to T‐cell engagers
Authors: Xu Chenjia , Zhuo Bin , Rasmussen Hans Erik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractT‐cell engagers are a class of oncology drugs which engage T‐cells to initiate immune response against malignant cells. T‐cell engagers have features that are unlike prior classes of oncology drugs (e.g., chemotherapies or targeted therapies), because (1) starting dose level often must be conservative due to immune‐related side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS); (2) dose level can usually be safely titrated higher as a result of subject's immune system adaptation after first exposure to lower dose; and (3) due to preventive management of CRS, these safety events rarely worsen to become dose limiting toxicities (DLTs). It is generally believed that for T‐cell engagers the dose intensity of the starting dose and the peak dose intensity both correlate with improved efficacy. Existing dose finding methodologies are not designed to efficiently identify both the initial starting dose and peak dose intensity in a single trial. In this study, we propose a new trial design, dose intra‐subject escalation to an event (DIETE) design, that can (1) estimate the maximum tolerated initial dose level (MTD1); and (2) incorporate systematic intra‐subject dose‐escalation to estimate the maximum tolerated dose level subsequent to adaptation induced by the initial dose level (MTD2) with a survival analysis approach. We compare our framework to similar methodologies and evaluate their key operating characteristics.