bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF PRACTICCAL CLASSES IN ECONOMIC DISCIPLINES
Authors: Кругляк Людмила Ивановна , Соколовский Александр Александрович , Спиридонов Андрей Викторович 
Published: August 2021

В данной статье обосновывается необходимость трансформирования структуры практических занятий по экономическим дисциплинам в связи с повышенными требованиями работодателей к подготовке молодых специалистов.
This article substantiates the need to transform the structure of practical classes in economic disciplines in connection with the increased requirements of employers for the training of young specialists.
CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE REASONS FOR THE SPREAD OF YOUTH EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM
Authors: Ганаева Есита Эминовна 
Published: August 2021

В статье проведен анализ предпосылок, причин и факторов, которые способствуют активному возникновению и распространению молодежного экстремизма, в том числе: социальноэкономических, идеологических, политических, демографических, психологических, правовых и т.д. в современных условиях глобализированного общества.
The article analyzes the prerequisites, causes and factors that contribute to the active emergence and spread of youth extremism, including: socio-economic, ideological, political, demographic, psychological, legal, etc. in the modern conditions of a globalized society.
GROUNDS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL LIABILITY
Authors: Муцалов Шадид Шахидович 
Published: August 2021

В данной статье проанализировано понятие международно -правовой ответственности государств, в частности санкций за нарушение норм международного права.
This article analyzes the concept of international legal responsibility of States, in particular the sanctions for violation of norms of international law.
METHODS OF FORMATION OF «NEWSPEAK » VOCABULARY AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE ANTIUTOPIA ROMAN BY J. ORWELL "1984")
Authors: Обухова Виктория Алексеевна , Коптякова Елена Евгеньевна 
Published: August 2021

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению способов образования новой лексики новояза - вымышленного языка в романе Дж. Оруэлла «1984». Автор статьи рассматривает различные методы словообразования, дает им характеристику и приводит их перевод на русский язык. Материалом статьи послужил роман-антиутопия «1984», Дж.Оруэлла.This article is devoted to the consideration of the ways of forming a new vocabulary of Newspeak - a fictional language in the novel by J. Orwell "1984". The author of the article examines various methods of word formation, gives them a description and gives their translation into Russian. The article is based on the dystopian novel "1984" by J. Orwell.
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AS A SPECIAL FORM OF ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Иванова Наталия Александровна 
Published: August 2021

В предложенной статье рассматриваются вопросы развития специальных экономических зон, которые являются перспективным направлением в экономической политике страны. Во многих странах мира они зарекомендовали себя в качестве эффективного механизма привлечения иностранного капитала. Кроме того они реализовались как инструмент для решения проблем национальной экономики и проявили себя как действенный и эффективный способ повышения деловой активности и ускорения развития отдельных территорий и регионов. Основными составляющими научной новизны является двуединая задача СЭЗ использовать как платформу, где могут быть апробированы новые экономические механизмы управления, реализованы возможности привлечения инвестиций в развитие приоритетных отраслей и производств в ракурсе формирования инновационного типа экономики.
The proposed article examines the development of special economic zones, which are a promising direction in the country's economic policy. In many countries of the world, they have established themselves as an effective mechanism for attracting foreign capital. In addition, they were realized as a tool for solving the problems of the national economy and proved to be an efficient and effective way to increase business activity and accelerate the development of certain territories and regions. The main components of scientific novelty are the two-pronged task of using the SEZ as a platform where new economic management mechanisms can be tested, opportunities for attracting investments in the development of priority industries and industries can be realized from the perspective of forming an innovative type of economy.
MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE BICHURA DISTRICT AND THEIR USE IN TIBETAN MEDICINE
Authors: Бабиков Владимир Александрович , Тимофеева Кристина Алексеевна 
Published: August 2021

В представленной статье рассматриваются особенности экологии лекарственных растений, произрастающих на территории Бичурского района Бурятии, и их применение в традиционной тибетской медицине. На основе собранных сведений назрела необходимость подробного изучения фармакологических свойств изучаемых растений, с учетом мер по охране и сохранению их в флоре Бичурского района.
The article deals with the peculiarities of the ecology of medicinal plants growing on the territory of the Bichursky district of Buryatia, and their application in traditional Tibetan medicine. Based on the collected information, there is a need for a detailed study of the pharmacological properties of the studied plants, taking into account measures for the protection and preservation of them in the flora of the Bichursky district.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Authors: Иванова Наталия Александровна 
Published: August 2021

Актуальность предложенной статьи обусловлена проблемами реализации стратегии устойчивого развития экономики, поскольку методический уровень ее разработки не в полной мере раскрывает их сущность. Анализ концептуальных взглядов по этому вопросу указывает недостаточную проработанность инструментов для реализации стратегии устойчивого развития, требуюшая научной проработанности вопросов по созданию условий, которые будут способствовать процессам устойчивого развития регионов. Цель статьи направлена на совершенствование элементов организационно-экономического механизма обеспечения устойчивого развития регионов.The relevance of the proposed article is due to the problems of implementing the strategy for sustainable development of the economy, since the methodological level of its development does not fully reveal their essence. An analysis of conceptual views on this issue indicates an insufficient elaboration of tools for the implementation of a sustainable development strategy, which requires a scientific study of issues to create conditions that will contribute to the processes of sustainable development of regions. The purpose of the article is aimed at improving the elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for ensuring sustainable development of regions.
Biofertilización con micro organismos eficientes de montaña para producción de cafés especiales resilientes al cambio climático provincia de San Ignacio
Authors: Galecio Miguel , Arteaga Marcela , Rojas Bartolomé , Peña Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de biofertilización para la producción y calidad de cafés especiales, resilentes al cambio climático. Se desarrolló en el Distrito Huabal- San Francisco de Agua Colorada a 1847 m. s. n. m. y en el Distrito de San Ignacio-Ihuamaca, a una altitud de 1956 m. s. n. m. Se colecto los microorganismos de bosque primario aledaño. Luego en el laboratorio se realizó la prueba de papel filtro, se determinó mayor cantidad de bacterias celulolíticas, se prepararon medios de cultivo para el recuento de bacterias totales. Los biofertilizantes se prepararon añadiendo los microorganismos de montaña en el proceso de compostaje y activación. Con los tratamientos: T1(110 N, 1500 B); T2 (100 N, 3000 B); T3 (75 N, 1500 B); T4 (75N, 3000 B); T5 (50N, 1500) T6 (50N, 3000 B) y T7 (testigo) Nitrógeno y biofertilizante kg. ha-1. Se obtuvo con el tratamiento T4, 36.00 qq. ha-1 superior al resto procedente de Ihuamaca, y el tratamiento T5 logró 31.00 qq.ha-1 ligeramente fue superior al resto de tratamientos Agua Colorada. Sobre calidad en taza las muestras procedentes de Ihuamaca obtuvo 85.30 puntos café de muy buena calidad, y de San Francisco de Agua Colorada obtuvo 84.88 puntos.
8 Pillars X 8 Layers Model of Metacognition: Educational Strategies, Exercises &Trainings
Authors: Drigas Athanasios , Mitsea Eleni 
Published: August 2021

Metacognition is one of the foremost cardinal factors of achievement in the 21st century. Despite extensive research, there is still the need to build a unique model based on multidisciplinary research illuminating questions as regards the real nature of metacognition and the methods to develop metacognitive abilities. The current study presents a new layered model of metacognition based on well-established theories derived from cognitive science, psychology, physical and computer sciences, environmental and other sciences, even from philosophy. We describe in detail the cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in each layer, while particular emphasis is placed on the relation between the control processes as well as the special role of attention. According to our model, each layer of metacognition describes a higher-order control system which operates under the rule of a series of attention processes at an ever more refined, abstract, united and holistic level. The same applies to the cognitive processes and abilities such as attention, memory, perception, pattern recognition. At each higher level, they display more advanced attributes and functions responding to the necessity of creating more abstract mental representations and upper class motivations, thoughts and emotions. In addition, we recommend a number of strategies that support the metacognitive development at each level of the hierarchy. The multi-layered model of metacognition targets at enriching our understanding of how metacognition evolves and it has the potential to guide the development of more effective strategies in educational system.
CCR6 Expression on B Cells Is Not Required for Clinical or Pathological Presentation of MOG Protein–Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis despite an Altered Germinal Center Response
Authors: Lee Dennis S W , Yam Jennifer Y , Grasmuck Camille , Dasoveanu Dragos , Michel Laure , Ward Lesley A , Rojas Olga L , Zandee Stephanie , Bourbonnière Lyne , Ramaglia Valeria , Bar-Or Amit , Prat Alexandre , Gommerman Jennifer L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
B cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but the mechanisms that guide B cell activation in the periphery and subsequent migration to the CNS remain incompletely understood. We previously showed that systemic inflammation induces an accumulation of B cells in the spleen in a CCR6/CCL20-dependent manner. In this study, we evaluated the role of CCR6/CCL20 in the context of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) protein–induced (B cell–dependent) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that CCR6 is upregulated on murine B cells that migrate into the CNS during neuroinflammation. In addition, human B cells that migrate across CNS endothelium in vitro were found to be CCR6+, and we detected CCL20 production by activated CNS-derived human endothelial cells as well as a systemic increase in CCL20 protein during EAE. Although mice that lack CCR6 expression specifically on B cells exhibited an altered germinal center reaction in response to MOG protein immunization, CCR6-deficient B cells did not exhibit any competitive disadvantage in their migration to the CNS during EAE, and the clinical and pathological presentation of EAE induced by MOG protein was unaffected. These data, to our knowledge, provide new information on the role of B cell–intrinsic CCR6 expression in a B cell–dependent model of neuroinflammation.
Development of an Optimized Culture System for Generating Mouse Alveolar Macrophage–like Cells
Authors: Luo Maocai , Lai Wenlong , He Zhimin , Wu Li 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in maintaining lung homeostasis and orchestrating the immune responses. Although the essential factors known for AM development have been identified, currently an optimal in vitro culture system that can be used for studying the development and functions of AMs is still lacking. In this study, we report the development of an optimized culture system for generating AM-like cells from adult mouse bone marrow and fetal liver cells on in vitro culture in the presence of a combination of GM-CSF, TGF-β, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist rosiglitazone. These AM-like cells expressed typical AM surface markers sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin-F (Siglec-F), CD11c, and F4/80, and AM-specific genes, including carbonic anhydrase 4 (Car4), placenta-expressed transcript 1 (Plet1), eosinophil-associated RNase A family member 1 (Ear1), cell death–inducing DNA fragmentation factor A–like effector c (Cidec), and cytokeratin 19 (Krt19). Similar to primary AMs, the AM-like cells expressed alternative macrophage activation signature genes and self-renewal genes. Moreover, this culture system could be used for expansion of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid–derived AMs in vitro. The AM-like cells generated from bone marrow resembled the expanded bronchoalveolar lavage fluid–derived AMs in inflammatory responses and phagocytic activity. More importantly, these AM-like cells could be obtained in sufficient numbers that allowed genetic manipulation and functional analysis in vitro. Taken together, we provide a powerful tool for studying the biology of AMs.
Challenges and Determinants in the Management of the Older Patients with Cancer – Report from a Low- and Middle-Income Country
Authors: Kandel Ramesh , Banerjee Joyita , Saravanan Manicka , Chatterjee Prasun , Chakrawarty Avinash , Dwivedi S. N. , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Cancer is a malady of old age. Older people lose autonomy and independence due to age-associated functional decline and adverse consequences of comorbidity. The impact of these variables has an effect on treatment decisions in older cancer patients.

Methods:
In an observational study, 290 cancer patients aged 60 years or more were evaluated before the initiation of the treatment. They were subjected to a geriatric assessment by various validated assessment tools. Management decisions were as per the prevailing hospital practice.

Results:
The median age at the diagnosis was 65 years and two-third were males. Lung cancer was the most common (49.3%) diagnosis. The major comorbidities seen were hypertension (34.14%), diabetes (20.34%), and COPD (15%). Depression (57%), cognitive impairment (37%), malnourishment (34%), and vision problem (20%) were common age-related issues observed. Seventy-one percent were dependent in one or more domains of activities of daily living. Eighty-one percent had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status score between 0 and 2 (thereby eligible for treatment). In multivariable analysis, good functional status (P < 0.001) and performance status by Karnofsky's Performance Status Scale (P < 0.001) were associated with receiving treatment.

Conclusion:
Improvement in pretreatment functional status by initial geriatric assessment and requisite interventions may improve the access to and consideration of older cancer patients for standard treatment and care in oncology clinics.
Compliance to Gluten-Free Diet May Regenerate Probiotic Microbiota
Authors: Kumari Moni , Arora Malika , Kaur Navdeep , Singh Ranjit , Bansal Parveen 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The human intestinal microbiota is very rich in probiotics which includes various species and strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, etc. In certain diseased conditions, friendly microbiota may get disturbed or completely eradicated. To make up the loss of such beneficial species, one has to either replenish it from external source or remove the reasons responsible for killing of the microbiota. Similarly, the intestinal microflora also gets disturbed in celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder caused due to the immune-toxic gluten peptides or due to delivery of variety of antibiotics that may act as dysbiotic agents.

Aim:
The present study was aimed to investigate the replenishment of microbiota after sticking to gluten free diet in celiac disease patient.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, ten patients each of four groups were included and their faecal samples were collected. Bacterial colonies were isolated from the sample and the colonies were examined by biochemical and morphological profiling.

Results:
The biochemical and morphological profile of microbiota in faecal samples demonstrated clear-cut regeneration of probiotic species in patients complying with gluten-free diet (GFD). This is the first report on regeneration of microbiota in relation to dietary compliance in CD patients.

Conclusion:
The results of study may play a great role in detecting the patient compliance to GFD and may serve as a non-invasive prognostic tool replacing biopsy especially for paediatric population.
A literature review of consent declines and consent withdrawals in randomized controlled trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gogtay NJ , Sheth HJ , Maurya MR , Belhekar MN , Thatte UM 
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
We evaluated the extent of consent declines and consent withdrawals during the COVID-19 pandemic as seen in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compared it with non-COVID-19 RCTs published at the same time and two historical controls.

Methods:
PubMed/Medline only was searched using key-word “COVID-19” and “RCTs” separately, and filtered for COVID-19 RCTs and non-COVID-19 RCTs respectively, published during a nine-month period (1 Feb - 1 Nov 2020). Exclusions were study protocols, observational studies, interim analysis of RCT data and RCTs with missing data. Primary outcome measures were the proportion of consent declines and consent withdrawals as percentage of total participants screened and randomized respectively in COVID-19 RCTs. We compared consent declines and consent withdrawals of COVID-19 RCTs with non-COVID-19 RCTs and two earlier studies on the same topic that served as historical controls (non-pandemic setting).

Results:
The search yielded a total of 111 COVID-19 RCTs and 49 non-COVID-19 RCTs. Of these, 39 (35.13%) COVID-19 RCTs and 11 (22.45%) non-COVID-19 RCTs were finally analysed. A total of 770/17759 (4.3%) consent declines and 100/7607 (1.31%) consent withdrawals were seen in 39 COVID-19 RCTs. A significant difference was observed in consent declines between COVID-19 vs non-COVID-19 RCTs [4.3% vs 11.9%, p < 0.0001] and between COVID-19 RCTs vs two historical controls [(4.3% vs 8.6%, p < 0.0001) and (4.3% vs 21.1%, p < 0.0001), respectively].

Conclusion:
RCTs conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have significantly lower consent declines relative to non-COVID-19 RCTs during pandemic and RCTs conducted in non-pandemic settings.
Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome
Authors: Alsaleem Badr M. , Hasosah Mohammed , Ahmed Amna Basheer M. , Al Hatlani Maher M. , Alanazi Aziz Helal , Al-Hussaini Abdulrahman , Asery Ali T. , Alghamdi Khalid A. , AlRuwaithi Muhanad M. , Khormi Musa Ali M. , Al Sarkhy Ahmed , Alshamrani Ali S. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a very rare disorder that is characterized by intractable congenital diarrhea, woolly hair, intrauterine growth restriction, facial dysmorphism, and short stature. Our knowledge of THES is limited due to the small number of reported cases.

Methods:
Thirty patients diagnosed with THES, all molecularly confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) to have biallelic variants in TTC37 or SKIV2L, were included in the study. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional phenotypes and outcome data were collected from all participants.

Results:
The median age of THES patients was 3.7 years (0.9–23 years). Diarrhea and malnutrition were the most common clinical features (100%). Other common features included hair abnormalities (96%), skin hyperpigmentation (87%), facial dysmorphic abnormalities (73%), psychomotor retardation (57%), and hepatic abnormalities (30%). Twenty-five patients required parenteral nutrition (83%) with a mean duration of 13.34 months, and nearly half were eventually weaned off. Parenteral nutrition was associated with a poor prognosis. The vast majority of cases (89.6%) had biallelic variants in SKIV2L, with biallelic variants in TTC37 accounting for the remaining cases. A total of seven variants were identified in TTC37 (n = 3) and SKIV2L (n = 4). The underlying genotype influenced some phenotypic aspects, especially liver involvement, which was more common in TTC37-related THES.

Conclusion:
Our data helps define the natural history of THES and provide clinical management guidelines.
Impact of a Mobile Health System on the Suppression of Schistosoma haematobium in Chad
Authors: Lalaye Didier , de Bruijn Mirjam E. , de Jong Tom P. V. M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
This study determined the contribution of a mobile health (M-health) system to the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in a region of Chad where S. haematobium is endemic. M-health involves the use of a mobile phone for health care. The study compared the prevalence of schistosomiasis in an area with an M-health system, newly installed in 2014, with an area without an adequate health infrastructure. Data were gathered after the M-health system had been running for 3 years. We took urine samples from children age 1 to 15 years, for a total of 200 children in a village in the M-health area and 200 in a village in a non-M-health area. Urine was checked for urinary schistosomiasis by using dipsticks for microhematuria and, in cases of positive dipstick results, microscopy was used to detect eggs. Comparison between the areas allowed us to assess the effectiveness of the installed M-health system after 3 years of operation. Based on dipstick outcomes, the non-M-health area had an infection rate of 51.5% compared with 29% in the M-health area. Microscopy results in non-M-health and M-health were 27.5% and 21%, respectively. The dipstick result difference between M-health and non-M-health areas was statistically significant. Dipsticks were more reliable than microscopy for the detection of schistosomiasis, especially in areas without qualified personnel. Based on these results, M-health proved its ability to reduce the infection rate of urogenital schistosomiasis, and the implementation of M-health shows great promise in areas where this disease is endemic and where no mass drug administration is provided.