bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebru Nardos Wondafrash , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Habtemariam Esete , Abebe Dawit Shawel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEating behaviours have been associated both with being underweight or overweight and poor growth. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a widely used measure of child eating behaviours. The instrument is, however, mostly validated in high-income countries, with a scarcity of evidence among developing countries such as Ethiopia. The present study aims to assess the cultural adaptability and validity of the CEBQ to be used in Ethiopia. We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study among 542 caregivers of children aged 3–6 years in selected preschools. Tests of factorial validity, convergent validity and reliability were performed. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis model indicated that eight subscales provided the best fit (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0⋅05 (90 % CI 0⋅045, 0⋅055); Comparative Fit Index = 0⋅92 and Tucker–Lewis Index = 0⋅90) after seven items from the original CEBQ were removed. Convergent validity with child's weight status was found for emotional overeating, food fussiness, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating subscales. Reliability, measured using Cronbach'sα, provided values between 0⋅50 and 0⋅79. The eight-factor structure of the CEBQ showed adequate content validity and provided factorial, discriminant and convergent validity among preschool children. Further replication of the study among low-income countries is essential to improve the literature on children's eating behaviours.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition of breast-feeding mothers: the potential role of unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Tabasso Chiara , Mallardi Domenica , Corti Ylenia , Perrone Michela , Piemontese Pasqua , Liotto Nadia , Menis Camilla , Roggero Paola , Mosca Fabio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A paucity of evidence is available regarding the impact of diet's quality during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of breast-feeding mothers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between maternal degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body composition measures specifically those relating to body fat, in the lactation period. A cross-sectional study on healthy mothers of full-term babies has been conducted. At 30 ± 10 d after delivery, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. A food frequency questionnaire was performed to compute the Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI) score as an index of adherence to the MD. Data related to pregnancy such as pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain and morbidities were also collected. The 147 mothers included were categorised in IMI-1 (IMI score < 5; n 92) and IMI-2 (IMI score ≥ 5; n 55) groups. IMI-2 mothers showed higher daily energy, total carbohydrates, starch and fibre intakes than IMI-1. The dietary habits of IMI-2 mothers reflect the typical characteristics of MD: they consumed higher quantities of proteins and lipids of vegetal origin, higher amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lower saturated to PUFAs ratio. The IMI-2 group showed lower absolute fat mass and fat mass index compared to IMI-1 [(20⋅2 ± 5⋅9) v. (22⋅9 ± 8⋅4) kg; P 0⋅036 and (7⋅5 ± 2⋅2) v. (8⋅5 ± 3⋅1) kg/m2; P 0⋅036, respectively], whereas body weight [(61⋅1 ± 8⋅0) v. (63⋅3 ± 9⋅2) kg] and body mass index [(22⋅4 ± 2⋅6) v. (23⋅3 ± 3⋅5) kg/m2] were similar. The degree of adherence to the MD during pregnancy and lactation is positively associated with lower maternal fat deposition in the breast-feeding period. The higher quality of dietary lipids, probably in synergy with the assumption of starchy carbohydrates and fibre, could influence maternal body fat.
Adaptive function and phylogenetic significance of novel skeletal features of a new Devonian microconchid tubeworm (Tentaculita) from Wyoming, USA
Authors: Zatoń Michał , Hu Mingxi , di Pasquo Mercedes , Myrow Paul M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new genus and species of microconchid tubeworm, Aculeiconchus sandbergi n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Givetian (Devonian) Maywood Formation of Cottonwood Canyon, Wyoming, USA. It possesses unique hollow spines of various lengths on the tube underside, a position previously undocumented for these fossils. Like some cyclostome bryozoans possessing basal tubular extensions, the basal spines of Aculeiconchus n. gen. were presumably also used for fixation to flexible substrata, e.g., algal thalli, which is a previously undocumented adaptive strategy in microconchids. Together with other skeletal features, such basal spines could suggest that ‘lophophorate’ microconchids, unlike the other tentaculitoids, might be phylogenetically not as distant from bryozoans as previously thought. The Maywood Formation, which contains a few-millimeters thick, monospecific shell accumulation of the microconchids described herein, records deposition in an estuarine brackish setting within narrow channels that were cut into underlying strata. The microconchids were opportunistic taxa that repeatedly colonized these salinity-stressed estuarine channels, leading to a series of adaptive innovations, including colonization of plant stems during the Early Devonian (Beartooth Butte Formation) and possibly flexible, soft-algal substrata during the Middle Devonian (Maywood Formation, this study). Tectonic quiescence during the Early and Middle Devonian indicates that erosion and subsequent deposition of the Maywood and the underlying Beartooth Butte Formation channels were responses to major eustatic events. Over a span of nearly 30 Myr, channels were cut successively during lowstand conditions and a distinctive faunal assemblage with microconchids tracked marine transgressions into the channels.UUID: http://zoobank.org/394c8b32-d5e7-411e-8e56-6fb9f55bbb8a
INITIAL SELF-EMBEDDINGS OF MODELS OF SET THEORY
Authors: ENAYAT ALI , MCKENZIE ZACHIRI 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBy a classical theorem of Harvey Friedman (1973), every countable nonstandard model
$\mathcal {M}$
of a sufficiently strong fragment of ZF has a proper rank-initial self-embedding j, i.e., j is a self-embedding of
$\mathcal {M}$
such that
$j[\mathcal {M}]\subsetneq \mathcal {M}$
, and the ordinal rank of each member of
$j[\mathcal {M}]$
is less than the ordinal rank of each element of
$\mathcal {M}\setminus j[\mathcal {M}]$
. Here, we investigate the larger family of proper initial-embeddings j of models
$\mathcal {M}$
of fragments of set theory, where the image of j is a transitive submodel of
$\mathcal {M}$
. Our results include the following three theorems. In what follows,
$\mathrm {ZF}^-$
is
$\mathrm {ZF}$
without the power set axiom;
$\mathrm {WO}$
is the axiom stating that every set can be well-ordered;
$\mathrm {WF}(\mathcal {M})$
is the well-founded part of
$\mathcal {M}$
; and
$\Pi ^1_\infty \text{-}\mathrm {DC}_\alpha $
is the full scheme of dependent choice of length
$\alpha $
.Theorem A.There is an
$\omega $
-standard countable nonstandard model
$\mathcal {M}$
of
$\mathrm {ZF}^-+\mathrm {WO}$
that carries no initial self-embedding
$j:\mathcal {M} \longrightarrow \mathcal {M}$
other than the identity embedding.Theorem B.Every countable
$\omega $
-nonstandard model
$\mathcal {M}$
of
$\ \mathrm {ZF}$
is isomorphic to a transitive submodel of the hereditarily countable sets of its own constructible universe
$L^{\mathcal {M}}$
.Theorem C.The following three conditions are equivalent for a countable nonstandard model
$\mathcal {M}$
of
$\mathrm {ZF}^{-}+\mathrm {WO}+\forall \alpha \ \Pi ^1_\infty \text{-}\mathrm {DC}_\alpha $
. (I)There is a cardinal in
$\mathcal {M}$
that is a strict upper bound for the cardinality of each member of
$\mathrm {WF}(\mathcal {M})$
.(II)
$\mathrm {WF}(\mathcal {M})$
satisfies the powerset axiom.(III)For all
$n \in \omega $
and for all
$b \in M$
, there exists a proper initial self-embedding
$j: \mathcal {M} \longrightarrow \mathcal {M}$
such that
$b \in \mathrm {rng}(j)$
and
$j[\mathcal {M}] \prec _n \mathcal {M}$
.
From principles to practice: methods to increase the transparency of research ethics in violent contexts
Authors: Baron Hannah , Young Lauren E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere has been a proliferation of research with human participants in violent contexts over the past ten years. Adhering to commonly held ethical principles such as beneficence, justice, and respect for persons is particularly important and challenging in research on violence. This letter argues that practices around research ethics in violent contexts should be reported more transparently in research outputs, and should be seen as a subset of research methods. We offer practical suggestions and empirical evidence from both within and outside of political science around risk assessments, mitigating the risk of distress and negative psychological outcomes, informed consent, and monitoring the incidence of potential harms. An analysis of published research on violence involving human participants from 2008 to 2019 shows that only a small proportion of current publications include any mention of these important dimensions of research ethics.
From Slaves and Servants to Citizens? Regulating Dependency, Race, and Gender in Revolutionary France and the French West Indies
Authors: Sarti Raffaella 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA crucial aspect of the regulation of domestic service is the regulation of people's status. Because of its emphasis on freedom and equality, the French Revolution is particularly interesting. “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on considerations of the common good.” These principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) did not seem to leave room for slavery and master/servant hierarchies. Yet, their impact on slaves and servants was ambivalent, as I shall show by focusing on France and its Caribbean colonies. Dependency, race, and gender are crucial in my analysis. After sketching the features of servants, serfs, slaves, and indentured servants at the end of the Ancien Régime, I will analyse how the Revolution affected them, focusing on serfs and servants in metropolitan France, on black colonial slaves, and on female slaves and servants. While I investigate the “French imperial nation-State”, I will also provide some comparison with the American case. The Revolution led to a feminization of dependence both in metropolitan France and in the French Caribbean, making dependence more gendered. It abolished serfdom and slavery, and enfranchised male domestiques. Thus, on the one hand, it was really revolutionary; on the other, colonial slavery was first replaced by bonded labour and then reintroduced. Male domestiques were enfranchised briefly and only on paper; they would be enfranchised when slavery in the French colonies was abolished (1848). Women were excluded: mistresses and maids had to wait until 1944 to become full citizens. This makes it impossible to establish clear-cut distinctions between pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary times, and in part challenges the difference between metropole and colonies.
The ‘Black Atlantic Communication Network’: African American Sailors and the Cape of Good Hope Connection
Authors: Atkins Keletso E. 
Published: August 2021

Francis Seymour, a curly headed nigger from the land of stars and stripes, was brought up for having shown a little too much of the Yankee spirit of independence... He became refractory, refused to do any [work], demanded a sovereign from Mr. Neethling, said....that if he did not get the sovereign he would knock it out of [him]. His abuse was very unsparing, and he was only prevented from “knocking it out” by the opportune appearance of Mr. J. J. Meintjes, who procured a police officer, and the “man of independent mind” was given into custody.While on its homeward passage in 1813, the whaling ship William Penn was intercepted off the island of Trinidad in the South Atlantic by a British frigate, boarded, and informed of the existence of war; and that the American seamen were prisoners of H.M.S. Acorn. Within a half hour, the Acorn and its prize (now manned by English sailors) were underway, heading off southeast for the Cape of Good Hope. After a passage of forty days they anchored in Table Bay.
Military Hegemony and the Transition Program
Authors: Fayemi J.’Kayode 
Published: August 2021

This article cautions that the democratization process in Nigeria is not a foregone conclusion. Given the nature of the competing interests within Nigeria’s military hierarchy, there is nothing to suggest that every officer within the ruling military elite has embraced this transition project. This article focuses on the place of the military in the transition program.Although entrenched military interests are not the only threat to the transition program, there is no doubt that the prominent role played by retired and serving military officers in the whole process of party formation and selection of presidential candidates has exacerbated concerns about the specter of militarism. While some in Nigeria simply see the military as the armed wing of the dominant oligarchy, others conclude that the military actually is the oligarchy.
Synthetic topology in Homotopy Type Theory for probabilistic programming
Authors: Bidlingmaier Martin E. , Faissole Florian , Spitters Bas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ALEA Coq library formalizes measure theory based on a variant of the Giry monad on the category of sets. This enables the interpretation of a probabilistic programming language with primitives for sampling from discrete distributions. However, continuous distributions have to be discretized because the corresponding measures cannot be defined on all subsets of their carriers. This paper proposes the use of synthetic topology to model continuous distributions for probabilistic computations in type theory. We study the initial σ-frame and the corresponding induced topology on arbitrary sets. Based on these intrinsic topologies, we define valuations and lower integrals on sets and prove versions of the Riesz and Fubini theorems. We then show how the Lebesgue valuation, and hence continuous distributions, can be constructed.
Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on sperm quality
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Tramontano Luca , Esteves Sandro C. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIn the last decades, the universal use of mobile phones has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation environmental pollution. The steady growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about the effects of phone radiation on male reproductive health. Epidemiological studies report a sharp decline in sperm counts in developing countries, and worldwide withc.14% of couples having difficulties to conceive, many of which are attributed to a male infertility factor. Environment and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to male infertility. Exposure to heat, radiation, or radioactivity might induce damage to biological tissue organs, including the testis. Given the ubiquitous use of mobile phones, the potential adverse effects of the resulting environmental radiation needs to be elucidated further. It seems to be an apparent relationship between the increased exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency and sperm quality decline, but the evidence is not conclusive. Our review summarizes the evidence concerning the possible adverse effects of cell phone radiation on the male reproductive system, with a focus on sperm quality. Also, we critically analyze the effects of elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress on male fertility and how these factors could interfere with the physiological activities of the testis.
OPTION PRICING UNDER THE FRACTIONAL STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL
Authors: HAN Y. , LI Z. , LIU C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the European call option pricing problem under the fractional stochastic volatility model. The stochastic volatility model is driven by both fractional Brownian motion and standard Brownian motion. We obtain an analytical solution of the European option price via the Itô’s formula for fractional Brownian motion, Malliavin calculus, derivative replication and the fundamental solution method. Some numerical simulations are given to illustrate the impact of parameters on option prices, and the results of comparison with other models are presented.
Study Abroad in Africa: A Personal Memoir
Authors: Buschman Jim 
Published: August 2021

In talks on study abroad given over the last 20 years, I have frequently alluded to my own experiences as an undergraduate in Nigeria in 1964–1965. I have drawn on personal example to make the following points, among others, to the students in my audiences:
•You do not need to know beforehand all the benefits of studying abroad.•You will make a great many mistakes, and that is both unavoidable and expected.•You will learn and grow in spite of the mistakes you make.•To be a minority is difficult.•You can learn much about yourself and your home country by studying abroad.
16-element CPW Series Fed Millimeter-wave Hexagonal Array Antenna for 5G Femtocell Applications
Authors: Harini V. , Sairam M. V. S. , Madhu R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 16-element coplanar waveguide series fed hexagonal array antenna is proposed at millimeter-wave frequency range. In this paper, the analysis is initiated from a single-element hexagonal patch then extended to 1×2 array, 1×4 array, and 4×4 series fed hexagonal patch array antennas. The idea behind this design is to improve fractional bandwidth stage-wise with improved gain maintaining constant efficiency with all the structures. The 16-element array antenna is fabricated on Rogers RT Duriod 5880™substrate withɛr= 2.2 and 0.508 mm thickness. This array antenna exhibits low return loss at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient value of −31.02 dB including almost 102% radiation efficiency and attained a maximum gain value of 8.98 dBi. The results are quite comparable with simulated 4×4 array antenna using the HFSS tool. The size of the proposed antenna is quite small which will be best suited for 5 G Femtobase stations to provide indoor communications at millimeter-wave frequencies.
COVID–19. Effect of Moral Messages to Persuade the Population to Stay at Home in Spain, Chile, and Colombia
Authors: Frias-Navarro Dolores , Pascual-Soler Marcos , Berrios-Riquelme Jose , Gomez-Frias Raquel , Caamaño-Rocha Leynin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnalyze whether the content of three moral messages (deontological, ethical utilitarianism, ethical virtue) and a control message differentially affect the probability of engaging in four behaviors: Washing their hands, participating in public gatherings, staying at home/avoiding social contact, and forwarding the message to inform more people. In our study, the sender of the message is a university professor. These variables are measured in terms of their behavioral intentions and others’ behavioral intentions (beliefs about others’ behavior). Randomized Controlled Trial. Our study includes the analysis of the possible moderating effect of the country of residence (Spainn= 1,122, Chilen= 1,107, and Colombian= 1,433). The message with content referring to ethical virtue and staying at home obtains statistically significant lower scores on the probability of carrying out public health behaviors and sharing the message received. Regarding beliefs about the behavior of others, the message of ethical virtue has the same negative effect, but only on the likelihood of other people washing their hands, staying at home, and sharing the public health message. Institutional messages aimed at promoting public health behaviors are necessary in a pandemic situation. Our recommendation is to use deontological and utilitarian, or non-moral, content.
Herbicide options to manage novel turf-type bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
Authors: Boeri P. Agustin , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Trenholm Laurie E. , Rios Esteban F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerbicide management information is lacking for recently developed turf-type bahiagrass germplasm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the herbicide tolerance of nine experimental bahiagrass genotypes compared to the industry standard ‘Argentine’. The experimental entries included Argentine and ‘Wilmington’ mutants, and wild-type breeding lines. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions, and 12 herbicides were applied at 1× and 2× labeled rates. Bentazon, bromoxynil, carfentrazone + 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba, and carfentrazone were classified as safe. Fluroxypyr, halosulfuron, and triclopyr + clopyralid reduced growth >50% when applied at twice the label rate. Fenoxaprop, sulfentrazone + imazethapyr, and thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba reduced growth and caused turfgrass injury above an acceptable threshold (≥20%). In general, the Argentine mutants showed greater herbicide injury compared to the Wilmington mutants. However, metsulfuron exceeded the acceptable injury threshold and stopped growth in all the genotypes, Argentine and genotype WT6 were the least injured by this herbicide. The experimental genotype WT6 consistently showed the greatest herbicide tolerance. Except for one genotype (WT4), the experimental genotypes responded similarly or better than Argentine to the tested herbicides, except for metsulfuron.
Measuring Atmospheric CO2 Enhancements From the 2017 British Columbia Wildfires Using a Lidar
Authors: Mao Jianping , Abshire James B. , Kawa Stephan R. , Riris Haris , Sun Xiaoli , Andela Niels , Kolbeck Paul T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring the summer 2017 ASCENDS/ABoVE airborne science campaign, the NASA Goddard CO2 Sounder lidar overflew smoke plumes from wildfires in the British Columbia, Canada. In the flight path over Vancouver Island on 8 August 2017, the column XCO2 retrievals from the lidar measurements at flight altitudes around 9 km showed an average enhancement of 4 ppm from the wildfires. A comparison of these enhancements with those from the Goddard Global Chemistry Transport model suggested that the modeled CO2 emissions from wildfires were underestimated by more than a factor of 2. A spiral‐down validation performed at Moses Lake airport, Washington showed a bias of 0.1 ppm relative to in situ measurements and a standard deviation of 1 ppm in lidar XCO2 retrievals. The results show that future airborne campaigns and spaceborne missions with this type of lidar can improve estimates of CO2 emissions from wildfires and estimates of carbon fluxes globally.
Radiation Feedback Accelerates the Formation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013): The Critical Role of Mid‐Level Circulation
Authors: Yang Bolei , Nie Ji , Tan Zhe‐Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prediction of tropical cyclones (TC) genesis remains a great challenge. This study shows that the radiation (mostly cloud‐radiation) feedback accelerates the formation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013) by first enhancing the mid‐level circulation. Simulations indicate that the response of the mid‐level circulation is about one day ahead of the low‐level circulation when radiation feedback is removed. The radiation‐heating anomaly in the disturbance region induces a secondary circulation transporting more water vapor upward at high levels. Thus, the stratiform precipitation is enhanced, manifested as the expansion of the stratiform coverage and the increase of the vertical gradient of latent heating. This leads to a stronger mid‐level potential vorticity production and enhancement of the mid‐level circulation, finally promoting TC genesis. Comparing with previous ideas on how radiation feedback accelerates TC genesis, our results emphasize the critical role of the mid‐level circulation and the cloud‐radiation‐induced thermodynamical and dynamic responses in the vertical.