bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α2, α3, α4, α7 and β2 subunits genes expression in rat brain
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Chuan , Miao Hui , Gong Ze‐hui , Nordberg Agneta 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPostnatal changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α2, α3, α4, α7 and β2 subunits mRNAs were investigated in rat brain using ribonuclease protection assay. Multiple developmental patterns were observed: (1) transient expression during the first few postnatal weeks; α2 in the hippocampus and brain stem, α3 in the striatum, cerebellum and cortex, α4 in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum, α7 in the cerebellum and β2 in the striatum. (2) Constant expression across development; α2 and α3 in the thalamus, α4 in the cortex, thalamus and brain stem, α7 in the thalamus and brain stem and β2 in all brain regions except striatum. (3) Non‐detection across development; α2 in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum. (4) Increase with age; α7 in the cortex and hippocampus. (5) Bell‐shaped development; α7 in the striatum. Postnatal changes of nAChR isoforms in different brain regions of rat were investigated by receptor binding assays. The developmental patterns of [3H]epibatidine and (−)‐[3H]nicotine binding sites were similar to each other in each brain region, but different from that of [3H]α‐bungarotoxin binding sites. No obvious correlation was observed between the developmental patterns of [3H]α‐bungarotoxin, [3H]epibatidine and (−)‐[3H]nicotine binding sites and corresponding subunits mRNAs. These results indicate that multiple mechanisms are involved in changes of gene expression of nAChRs subunits in the brain of developing rats.
Psychiatric disorders among migrants in Germany: prevalence in a psychiatric clinic and implications for services and research
Authors: Haasen C , Lambert M , Yagdiran O , Krausz M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPast studies examining the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among migrants have described a higher rate of schizophrenia, whereas the only major German study found a lower rate. Considering the changed composition of migrants today, a new assessment has become necessary. All admission records of migrants to a psychiatric clinic in 1993 and 1994 were assessed for diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment. Two hundred sixty-three migrant admissions, 8.4% of total admissions, were assessed. Of these 41.4% received a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder, significantly more than other clinic patients. The mean age at admission was 33.8 years, at onset of illness 28.6 years and at time of migration 20.3 years. Only 7.9% were mentally ill at the time of migration. Of those with psychotic and depressive symptoms at admission, 70% received a diagnosis of a schizophrenic disorder and 78% were treated with antipsychotics. Antidepressants were prescribed only to 47% of those with a diagnosis of a depressive disorder and only 33% of those with depressive and no psychotic symptoms. An underrepresentation of migrants shows differences in the use of psychiatric services. The higher rate of schizophrenia may be due to misdiagnosis, an artifactual effect of underrepresentation of other disorders or an actual higher rate among migrants. The reluctance to use antidepressants underlines the necessity of training, so as not to withhold treatment options due to cultural barriers.
Recurrent seizure‐related GRIN1 variant: Molecular mechanism and targeted therapy
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Song Rui , Chen Wenjuan , Strong Katie , Shrey Daniel , Gedela Satyanarayana , Traynelis Stephen F. , Zhang Guojun , Yuan Hongjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveGenetic variants in the GRIN genes that encode N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits have been identified in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including epilepsy. We identified a GRIN1 variant from an individual with early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, evaluated functional changes to NMDAR properties caused by the variant, and screened FDA‐approved therapeutic compounds as potential treatments for the patient.MethodsWhole exome sequencing identified a missense variant in GRIN1. Electrophysiological recordings were made from Xenopus oocytes and transfected HEK cells to determine the NMDAR biophysical properties as well as the sensitivity to agonists and FDA‐approved drugs that inhibit NMDARs. A beta‐lactamase reporter assay in transfected HEK cells evaluated the effects of the variant on the NMDAR surface expression.ResultsA recurrent de novo missense variant in GRIN1 (c.1923G>A, p.Met641Ile), which encodes the GluN1 subunit, was identified in a pediatric patient with drug‐resistant seizures and early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. In vitro analysis indicates that GluN1‐M641I containing NMDARs showed enhanced agonist potency and reduced Mg2+ block, which may be associated with the patient’s phenotype. Results from screening FDA‐approved drugs suggested that GluN1‐M641I containing NMDARs are more sensitive to the NMDAR channel blockers memantine, ketamine, and dextromethorphan compared to the wild‐type receptors. The addition of memantine to the seizure treatment regimen significantly reduced the patient’s seizure burden.InterpretationOur finding contributes to the understanding of the phenotype–genotype correlations of patients with GRIN1 gene variants, provides a molecular mechanism underlying the actions of this variant, and explores therapeutic strategies for treating GRIN1‐related neurological conditions.
Differences in maternal and early child nutritional status by offspring sex in lowland Nepal
Authors: Saville Naomi M. , Harris‐Fry Helen , Marphatia Akanksha , Reid Alice , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Manandhar Dharma S. , Wells Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveOn average, boys grow faster than girls in early life but appear more susceptible to undernutrition. We investigated sex differences in early child growth, and whether maternal nutritional status and diet differed by offspring sex during and after pregnancy in an undernourished population.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from a cluster‐randomized trial from plains Nepal, stratifying results by child or gestational age. Children's outcomes (0–20 months) were weight, length, and head circumference and their z‐scores relative to WHO reference data in 2‐monthly intervals (n range: 24837 to 25 946). Maternal outcomes were mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy (12–40 weeks) (n = 5550 and n = 5519) and postpartum (n = 15 710 and n = 15 356), and diet in pregnancy. We fitted unadjusted and adjusted mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression models comparing boys with girls.ResultsBoys were larger than girls, however relative to their sex‐specific reference they had lower length and head circumference z‐scores from birth to 12 months, but higher weight‐for‐length z‐scores from 0 to 6 months. Mothers of sons had higher MUAC and BMI around 36 weeks gestation but no other differences in pregnancy diets or pregnancy/postpartum maternal anthropometry were detected. Larger sex differences in children's size in the food supplementation study arm suggest that food restriction in pregnancy may limit fetal growth of boys more than girls.ConclusionsGenerally, mothers' anthropometry and dietary intake do not differ according to offspring sex. As boys are consistently larger, we expect that poor maternal nutritional status may compromise their growth more than girls. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Synthesis of C‐Vinyl Glycosides via Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Glycosylation of Alkenes
Authors: Sun Qikai , Zhang Huixing , Wang Quanquan , Qiao Tianjiao , He Gang , Chen Gong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractC‐vinyl glycosides are an important class of carbohydrates and pose a unique synthetic challenge. A new strategy has been developed for stereoselective synthesis of C‐vinyl glycosides via Pd‐catalyzed directed C−H glycosylation of alkenes with glycosyl chloride donors using an easily removable bidentate auxiliary. Both the γ C−H bond of allylamines and the δ C−H bond of homoallyl amine substrates can be glycosylated in high efficiency and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. The resulting C‐vinyl glycosides can be further converted to a variety of C‐alkyl glycosides with high stereospecificity. These reactions offer a broadly applicable method to streamline the synthesis of complex C‐vinyl glycosides from easily accessible starting materials.
N‐Atom Deletion in Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Qin Haitao , Cai Wangshui , Wang Shuang , Guo Ting , Li Guigen , Lu Hongjian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExcising the nitrogen in secondary amines, and coupling the two residual fragments is a skeletal editing strategy that can be used to construct molecules with new skeletons, but which has been largely unexplored. Here we report a versatile method of N‐atom excision from N‐heterocycles. The process uses readily available N‐heterocycles as substrates, and proceeds by N‐sulfonylazidonation followed by the rearrangement of sulfamoyl azide intermediates, providing various cyclic products. Examples are provided of deletion of nitrogen from natural products, synthesis of chiral O‐heterocycles from commercially available chiral β‐amino alcohols, formal inert C−H functionalization through a sequence of N‐directed C−H functionalization and N‐atom deletion reactions in which the N‐atom can serve as a traceless directing group.
Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten
Authors: Pascual Jorge , Flatken Marion , Félix Roberto , Li Guixiang , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Hartmann Claudia , Li Meng , Di Girolamo Diego , Nasti Giuseppe , Hüsam Elif , Wilks Regan G. , Dallmann André , Bär Marcus , Hoell Armin , Abate Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinn ist der Top‐Favorit für den Ersatz von giftigem Blei in Perowskit‐Solarzellen. Allerdings kommt es dabei verstärkt zu der unerwünschten Oxidation von SnII zu SnIV. Die herkömmlichen Verfahren verwenden SnF2 in der Perowskit‐Vorläuferlösung, um die Bildung von SnIV zu verhindern. Dennoch bleibt der Wirkmechanismus des Additivs unklar. Um diesen eingehender zu erläutern, untersuchen wir die Fluoridchemie in Zinn‐Halogenid‐Perowskiten mit einander ergänzenden Analyseverfahren. NMR‐Spektroskopie der Vorläuferlösung offenbart eine stark bevorzugte Affinität der Fluoridanionen für SnIV gegenüber SnII, wodurch dieses selektiv als SnF4 komplexiert wird. Harte Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie an Dünnschichten zeigt die geringere Bereitschaft von SnF4 gegenüber SnI4, in die Perowskit‐Struktur eingebaut zu werden und verhindert somit den Einschluss von SnIV in der Dünnschicht. Abschließend offenbart Röntgen‐Kleinwinkelstreuung den starken Einfluss vom Fluorid auf die kolloidale Chemie der Vorläuferlösungen, der sich direkt auf die darauffolgende Kristallisation auswirkt.
An Atomic Insight into the Chemical Origin and Variation of the Dielectric Constant in Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Yao Nan , Chen Xiang , Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Ma Xia‐Xia , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dielectric constant is a crucial physicochemical property of liquids in tuning solute–solvent interactions and solvation microstructures. Herein the dielectric constant variation of liquid electrolytes regarding to temperatures and electrolyte compositions is probed by molecular dynamics simulations. Dielectric constants of solvents reduce as temperatures increase due to accelerated mobility of molecules. For solvent mixtures with different mixing ratios, their dielectric constants either follow a linear superposition rule or satisfy a polynomial function, depending on weak or strong intermolecular interactions. Dielectric constants of electrolytes exhibit a volcano trend with increasing salt concentrations, which can be attributed to dielectric contributions from salts and formation of solvation structures. This work affords an atomic insight into the dielectric constant variation and its chemical origin, which can deepen the fundamental understanding of solution chemistry.
Di(indenyl)beryllium
Authors: Koby Ross F. , Schley Nathan D. , Hanusa Timothy P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe bonding in beryllocene, [BeCp2], took decades to establish, owing to its unexpected mixed hapticity structure (i.e., [Be(η5‐Cp)(η1‐Cp)]). Beryllium complexes containing the indenyl ligand, which is a close relative of the cyclopentadienyl anion, but which is also known to exhibit its own bonding peculiarities (e.g., facile η5 ⇄ η3 shifts), have remained unknown. Standard metathetical approaches to their synthesis (e.g., with K[Ind′] + BeX2 in an ether solvent) give rise to intractable oils from which nothing identifiable can be isolated. In contrast, mechanochemical preparation, involving the solvent‐free grinding of BeBr2 and potassium indenides, leads to the production of discrete (indenyl)beryllium complexes, including [Be(C9H7)2] (1) and [Be{1,3‐(SiMe3)2C9H5}Br] (2). The former displays η5/η1‐coordinated ligands in the solid state, but DFT calculations indicate that an η5/η5‐conformation is less than 5 kcal mol−1 higher in energy.
Abnormal expression and methylation of PRR34‐AS1 are associated with adverse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nan Fang‐yu , Gu Yu , Xu Zi‐jun , Sun Guo‐kang , Zhou Jing‐dong , Zhang Ting‐juan , Ma Ji‐chun , Leng Jia‐yan , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt was previously reported that PRR34‐AS1 was overexpressed in some solid tumors. PRR34‐AS1 promoter was shown to have a differential methylation region (DMR), and was hypomethylated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, the present study used real‐time quantitative PCR (RQ‐PCR) to explore the expression characteristics of PRR34‐AS1 in AML. In addition, the correlation between the expression of PRR34‐AS1 and clinical prognosis of AML was determined. The findings of this study indicated that high PRR34‐AS1 expression was bound up with shorter overall survival (OS) in AML patients (p = 0.002). Moreover, patients with high expression of PRR34‐AS1 had significantly lower complete remission (CR) rate compared with those with low expression of PRR34‐AS1 after induction chemotherapy. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed that PRR34‐AS1 expression was an independent factor affecting CR in whole‐AML, non‐APL‐AML, and CN‐AML patients (p = 0.032, 0.039, and 0.036, respectively). Methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) were used to explore the methylation status of PRR34‐AS1. PRR34‐AS1 promoter showed a pattern of hypomethylation in AML patients compared with normal controls (p = 0.122). Notably, of whole‐AML and non‐APL‐AML patients, PRR34‐AS1 hypomethylated patients presented a significantly shorter OS than those with a hypermethylated PRR34‐AS1 (p = 0.010 and 0.037, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the hypomethylation of PRR34‐AS1 served as an independent prognostic indicator in both whole‐cohort AML and non‐APL‐AML categories (p = 0.057 and 0.018, respectively). In summary, the findings of this study showed that abnormalities in PRR34‐AS1 are associated with poor prognosis in AML. Therefore, monitoring this index may be important in the prognosis of AML and can provide information on effective chemotherapy against the disease.
Chronic asthmatic condition modulated the onset of aging in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Heidarzadeh Morteza , Keyhanmanesh Rana , Rezabakhsh Aysa , Rahbarghazi Reza , Rezaie Jafar , Saberianpour Shirin , Hasanpour Mehdi , Eslami Aysan , Soleimanpour Jafar , Ahmadi Mahdi 
Published: July 2021

The emergence of an inflammatory condition such as asthma could affect the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Synopsis of previous documents yielded controversial outcomes, leading to a limitation of stem cell‐based therapy in the clinical setting. This study aimed to assess the impact of asthmatic serum on the MSCs aging and dynamic growth in vitro. Rats were divided into control and asthmatic groups randomly. The asthmatic change was induced using OVA sensitization. The asthmatic structural changes are monitored by conventional Haematoxylin‐Eosin staining. Thereafter, blood samples were taken and sera provided from each group. In this study, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in culture medium supplemented with normal and asthmatic serum for 7 days. The MSCs viability was examined using the MTT assay. The expression of the aging‐related gene (β‐galactosidase), and stemness‐related markers such as Sox2, Kfl‐4 and p16INK4a were analysed by real‐time PCR assay. Histological examination revealed chronic inflammatory remodelling which is identical to asthmatic changes. MTT assay showed a reduction of mesenchymal stem cell viability compared to the control group (P < .05). Real‐time PCR analysis revealed a down‐regulation of stemness‐related markers Sox2, Kfl‐4 and p16INK4a coincided with aging changes (β‐galactosidase) compared to the control group (P < .05). These data show the detrimental effect of asthmatic condition on bone marrow regenerative potential by accelerating early‐stage aging in different stem cells and further progenitor cell depletion.Significance of the studyIn such inflammatory conditions as asthma, the therapeutic potential of stem cells may be altered. We demonstrate that serum from asthmatic rats had the potential to reduce the viability of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of the aging‐related gene known β‐galactosidase was statistically increased in cells co‐cultured with asthmatic serum. At the same time, expression of stemness‐related markers Sox2, Kfl‐4 and p16INK4a down‐regulated. These results support the damaging effect of asthmatic condition on bone marrow regenerative ability by inducing early‐stage aging in stem cells and additional progenitor cell reduction.
The need for future coronary access following surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Hermiller James B. , Gunnarsson Candace L. , Ryan Michael P. , Moore Kimberly A. , Clancy Seth J. , Irish William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to estimate the percentage of Medicare patients needing coronary access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary angiography following aortic valve replacement (AVR). Indications for TAVR have expanded to include younger and low‐risk patients, raising the question of coronary access for future procedures. Medicare patients <80 years old with an AVR between 2011 and 2018 were included. Time‐to‐event analyses were conducted using Cox hazard models to estimate risk of coronary access up to 7 years after AVR. Model adjustments included age, sex, race, region, comorbidity, concomitant CABG, and smoking. A total of 13,469 Medicare patients (mean age 70.6) met inclusion criteria. Models estimated that 2.5% of patients at 1‐year post‐index and 17% at over 7 years would need coronary access. For patients who had SAVR (with or without CABG), estimates for coronary access were similar and over 15% after 6.5 years. For TAVR patients, with a previous PCI, 28% at 4.5 years required coronary access, which was higher than TAVR patients without a previous PCI. SAVR patients with and without CAD at baseline were similar; however, TAVR patients with CAD had a 22% rate of coronary access versus 7% for those without at 3 years. Approximately half of patients who needed coronary access returned to the same hospital as their initial AVR. Coronary access is required in a substantial portion of AVR patients especially those with PCI or a history of CAD undergoing TAVR. The need for coronary access may increase as transcatheter AVR becomes accessible to younger patients with a longer life expectancy.
A prospective, comprehensive registry that integrates the molecular analysis of pediatric and adolescent melanocytic lesions
Authors: Pappo Alberto S. , McPherson Valerie , Pan Haitao , Wang Fang , Wang Lu , Wright Teresa , Hussong Margaret , Hawkins Dana , Kaste Sue C. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Bahrami Armita 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChildhood melanocytic tumors represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and additional research is needed to better define the natural history of these tumors.MethodsThe authors developed a comprehensive, prospective registry called Molecular Analysis of Childhood Melanocytic Tumors for children and adolescents with an atypical Spitz tumor/Spitz melanoma (AST/SM), conventional or adult‐type melanoma (CM), melanoma arising in a giant congenital nevus (MCM), or atypical melanocytic proliferation of other types (OT) to better define the clinical behavior of these lesions by incorporating an integrated clinicopathologic and molecular analysis using centralized pathology review and various platforms, including fluorescence in situ hybridization; array comparative genomic hybridization; and whole genome, exome, and capture targeted panels.ResultsFrom May 2016 to November 2019, 70 children were enrolled with a median age at diagnosis of 9.1 years. Thirty‐seven had AST/SM, 17 had CM, 4 had MCM, and 12 had OT. Patients with AST/SM were younger (median age, 7 years), and their tumor most commonly arose in the extremities and trunk. The most common gene rearrangements included MAP3K8 and ALK. None of the 33 patients who underwent a TERT promoter mutation analysis had a mutation, and all patients were alive. Among the CM patients, the median age was 13 years; 11 had a BRAFV600E mutation, and 7 had a TERT promoter mutation. Three patients died of their disease. All 4 patients with MCM harbored an NRASQ61 mutation and died of their disease. The OT group was heterogenous, and all patients survived.ConclusionsThe incorporation of an integrated clinicopathologic and genomic analysis identifies distinct subgroups of pediatric melanocytic lesions that have different clinical behaviors. The integration of this combined diagnostic modality can help to individualize diagnoses and treatments for these patients.
Structural Compactness in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Induced by Bisphenol S: A Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach
Authors: Pramanik Ushasi , Kongasseri Anju Ajayan , Shekhar Shashi , Mathew Ashwin , Yadav Rahul , Mukherjee Saptarshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe endocrine disrupting compound Bisphenol and its analogues are widely used in food packaging products and can cause serious health hazards. The protein, Lysozyme (Lyz), showing anti‐microbial properties, is used as a “natural” food and dairy preservative. Herein, we explored the interaction between Lyz and Bisphenol S (BPS) by multi‐spectroscopic and theoretical approaches. Lyz interacts with BPS through static quenching, where hydrophobic force governed the underlying interaction. Molecular docking results reveal that tryptophan plays a vital role in binding, corroborated well with near UV‐CD studies. A decrease in the radius of gyration (from 1.43 nm to 1.35 nm) of Lyz substantiates the compactness of the protein conformation owing to such an interaction. This structural alteration experienced by Lyz may alter its functional properties as a food preservative. Consequently, this can degrade the quality of the food products and thereby lead to severe health issues.