bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation dynamics and causes of hydrological drought in response to meteorological drought at seasonal timescales
Authors: Ma Lan , Huang Qiang , Huang Shengzhi , Liu Dengfeng , Leng Guoyong , Wang Lu , Li Pei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to the widely accepted definition of drought, meteorological and hydrological droughts originally develop from rainfall and runoff deficits, respectively. Runoff deficit is mainly derived from rainfall deficit, and the propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought is critical for agricultural water management. Nevertheless, the characteristics and dynamics of drought propagation in the spatiotemporal scale remain unresolved. To this end, the characteristics and dynamics of drought propagation in different seasons and their linkages with key forcing factors are evaluated. In this study, meteorological and hydrological droughts are characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), respectively. Propagation time is identified by the corresponding timescale of the maximum correlation coefficient between the SPI and the SRI. Then, a 20-year sliding window is adopted to explore the propagation dynamic in various seasons. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model is established to quantitatively explore the influence of meteorological factors, underlying surface features and teleconnection factors on the propagation time variations. The Wei River Basin, a typical Loess Plateau watershed in China, is selected as a case study. Results indicate the following: (1) the propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter in summer (2 months) and autumn (3 months), whereas it is longer in spring (8 months) and winter (13 months). Moreover, the propagation rates exhibit a decreasing trend in warm seasons, which, however, show an increasing trend in cold seasons; (2) a significant slowing propagation in autumn is mainly caused by the decreasing soil moisture and precipitation, whereas the non-significant tendency in summer is generally induced by the offset between insignificant increasing precipitation and significant decreasing soil moisture; (3) the replenishment from streamflow to groundwater in advance prompts the faster propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought in spring and winter and (4) teleconnection factors have strong influences on the propagation in autumn, in which Arctic Oscillation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation mainly affect participation, arid index and soil moisture, thereby impacting drought propagation.
Analysis of spatiotemporal variations of drought and its correlations with remote sensing-based indices via wavelet analysis and clustering methods
Authors: Ghasempour Roghayeh , Roushangar Kiyoumars , Ozgur Kirca V. S. , Demirel Mehmet Cüneyd 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Beside in situ observations, satellite-based products can provide an ideal data source for spatiotemporal monitoring of drought. In this study, the spatiotemporal pattern of drought was investigated for the northwest part of Iran using ground- and satellite-based datasets. First, the Standardized Precipitation Index series were calculated via precipitation data of 29 sites located in the selected area and the CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation satellite. The Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) was used for obtaining the temporal features of time series, and further decomposition was performed using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) to have more stationary time series. Then, multiscale zoning was done based on subseries energy values via two clustering methods, namely the self-organizing map and K-means. The results showed that the MODWT–EEMD–K-means method successfully identified homogenous drought areas. On the other hand, correlation between the satellite sensor data (i.e. the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the Vegetation Condition Index, the Vegetation Healthy Index, and the Temperature Condition Index) was evaluated. The possible links between central stations of clusters and satellite-based indices were assessed via the wavelet coherence method. The results revealed that all applied satellite-based indices had significant statistical correlations with the ground-based drought index within a certain period.
Circulation type analysis of regional hydrology: the added value in using CMIP6 over CMIP5 simulations as exemplified from the MPI-ESM-LR model
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study addresses the applicability of general circulation models (GCMs) in studying the impact of climate change on hydrology. The statistical downscaling of precipitation based on circulation types (CTs) derived from the fuzzy, i.e., more than one CTs can occur in a given day, obliquely rotated principal component analysis is suggested as a robust methodology in using climate models to research the impact of climate change on hydrology. The methodology allows understanding of the mechanism of atmospheric circulation in the study region, and the physical relationship between atmospheric circulation and the regional hydrological cycle. The capability of climate simulations from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) GCM to reproduce the observed CTs in the target region is examined in light of the uncertainty of atmospheric GCMs when used for circulation typing. The results were discussed and it showed that, generally, the analyzed GCM can reproduce the underlying physics of atmospheric circulation in the study region, represented by the CTs, together with their dominant periods, probability of occurrence, and annual frequency of occurrence with modest biases. Generally, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulation indicates some improvement for the CT-based analysis relative to the CMIP5 counterpart; however, this depends on the analyzed CT.
Monitoring of cyanobacteria using derivative spectrophotometry and improvement of the method detection limit by changing pathlength
Authors: Malhotra Amitesh , Örmeci Banu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effective monitoring tools and methods are needed for the early detection and management of cyanobacteria in water bodies to minimize their harmful impacts on the environment and public health. This research investigated changing the cuvette pathlength (10-, 50-, and 100-mm) to improve the detection of cyanobacteria using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with subsequent application of derivative spectrophotometry and Savitzky-Golay (S-G) transformation. A non-toxigenic strain of blue-green cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa (CPCC 632), and a green algae strain for comparison, Chlorella vulgaris (CPCC 90), were studied in a wide range of concentrations (955,000 to 1855 cells/mL). In each concentration range, method detection limits were established with absorbance measurements and S-G first derivative of absorbance using 10-, 50-, and 100-mm cuvette pathlengths. Increasing the cuvette pathlength from 10 to 100 mm resulted in a 15-fold improvement in sensitivity with absorbance and a 13-fold improvement with S-G first derivative of absorbance for M. aeruginosa. Overall, adoption of 100 mm pathlength and application of S-G derivative spectra improved the method detection limit for M. aeruginosa from 337,398 to 4916 cells/mL, which is below the WHO guideline for low probability of adverse health effects (&lt;20,000 cells/mL). Similarly, the detection limit for C. vulgaris was improved from 650,414 to 11,661 cells/mL. The results also showed that spectrophotometry could differentiate M. aeruginosa from C. vulgaris based on the variations in their pigment absorbance peaks.
Membrane cleaning in membrane distillation of reverse osmosis concentrate generated in landfill leachate treatment
Authors: Jia Xiaolin , Li Kuiling , Wang Baoqiang , Zhao ZhiChao , Hou Deyin , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a thermally induced membrane separation process, membrane distillation (MD) has drawn more and more attention to the advantages of treating hypersaline wastewaters, especially the concentrate from the reverse osmosis (RO) process. One of the major obstacles in widespread MD application is the membrane fouling. We investigated the feasibility of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LFLRO) brine treatment and systematically assessed the efficiency of chemical cleaning for DCMD after processing LFLRO brine. The results showed that 80% water recovery rate was achieved when processing the LFLRO brine by DCMD, but membrane fouling occurred during the DCMD process, and manifested as the decreasing of permeate flux and the increasing of permeate conductivity. Analysis revealed that the serious flux reduction was primarily caused by the fouling layer, which consisted of organic matter and inorganic salts. Five cleaning methods were investigated for membrane cleaning, including hydrogen chloride (HCl)-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-NaOH, citric acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) cleaning. Among the chemical cleaning methods investigated, the 3 wt.% SDS cleaning showed the best efficiency at recovering the performance of fouled membranes.
Chrześcijańska osada Qusur na wyspie Fajlaka (Kuwejt)
Authors: Żurek Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

Chrześcijańska osada Qusur na Fajlace istniała w centrum wyspy w VII-VIII w., choć możliwe, że pierwsi osadnicy mogli pojawić się wcześniej. Jej opuszczenie związane jest z powstaniem islamskiej wsi na wybrzeżu. Qusur jest największą i najlepiej rozpoznaną osadą chrześcijańską w rejonie Zatoki Perskiej. Na jej obszarze zidentyfikowano ok. 90 domów i kościół oraz budowlę publiczną o nieustalonym przeznaczeniu. Osada posiada zwartą zabudowę w centrum, skupioną wokół kościoła i wspomnianej budowli, na peryferiach odległości między domami zwiększają się. Małe domy złożone z kilku pomieszczeń, często o tynkowanych ścianach i podłogach z wylewki wapiennej, otoczone były rozległymi dziedzińcami.
The Potency of Wound Healing of Nanogel-containing Mikania micrantha
Leaves Extract in Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Sumantri Imam Bagus , Ismayadi  , Mustanti Lolyta Fitri 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Mikania micrantha has been traditionally used for wound dressings and
to promote the healing of sores. This is due to the content of alkaloids and terpenoids/steroids compounds.
Hyperglycemia is a good medium for bacterial growth that inhibits the wound healing process.

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the wound healing of nanogels containing MMLE in hyperglycemic
rats as a model for diabetic wounds.

Methods:
Mikania micrantha leaves were extracted with the maceration method using 96% ethanol
in 5 days. Carbopol 940 was used as the gelling agent. The parameters observed during the physical
testing of nanogels were organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and size of the particle. Antibacterial
activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Escherichia coli.
Moreover, wound healing activity was tested in hyperglycemic rats after observing for 14 days. Diabetic
wound healing was treated with 4 groups (P1, P2, K1, K2). Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
Nanogel showed homogeneity, dark green color, transparency, pH 6.1± 0.1, and particle
size range in 255-456 nm. The inhibition zones of antibacterial testing, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus epidermis, and Escherichia coli, were 10.57 ± 0.26 mm, 9.73 ± 0.21 mm, and 8.4 ±
0.1 mm. The percentage of diabetic wound healing was in the range of 92.79±3.81% to 94.08 ±
2.33% for 14 days of observation.

Conclusion:
MMLE nanogels have the potential as a treatment for diabetic wound healing.
Forensic Psychiatry and Psychopathology: An Amendment in Contemporary
Period
Authors: Shafti Saeed Shoja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
As stated by Jaspers, a delusion is a deviant assessment of reality that
is irredeemably believed. Therefore, while the delusions are apprehended with
the uncommon verdict and are not open to rationality, their irrationality or wrongness
is obvious to other persons. While Norman Cameron’s pseudo-community,
a supposed community of conspirators, was a historical description of conditions
that promote the development of delusional disorders, modern technology and advancement
of new communicative tools, like smartphone, hidden camera, satellite,
internet, and stealthy or scheming tricks or setups, like double-crossing and
masquerading scenarios, stressful circumstances, furtive or hectic arrangements,
creating a scene to deceive, hack, or tampering, have brought about the possibility
of a conspiracy by prejudiced or inimical people, which may amplify the conceivable
diagnostic faults by the perplexity of circumstances. On the other hand,
it is the duty of forensic and clinical psychiatrists to guess or discover any kind
of deceptive entrapment or simulation. In the present article, the said eccentricities,
which may have been accelerated by modern technology, have been discussed
briefly, especially with respect to paranoia and paranoid ideation. Moreover,
some clarifications for better demarcation of the discussed problem and
modification of operational definitions in the realm of psychopathology have
been suggested. Certainly, ample watchfulness by a clinical or forensic psychiatrist
for neutralizing a thinkable intrigue is an apposite performance for improving
civil rights and preventing preventable slips.
Healing From a Distance: A Cross-sectional Study on the Diagnostic Reliability of Store-and-Forward Teledermatology
Authors: Chan Erika Kim R , D Melendres Jacqueline Michelle 
Published: December 2021

Background
Telemedicine delivers health care services between two distant locations through the use of information and communication technology. Several medical specializations, such as dermatology, have incorporated telemedicine into their practice. Since dermatologists are trained to diagnose skin, hair, and nail conditions with a clinical eye, teledermatology may be an alternative when a traditional face-to-face clinic visit is not feasible.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of teledermatology.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from 2 government hospitals. A total of 39 patients were seen in a face-to-face setting and diagnosed by a consultant dermatologist. A written history of their present illness and accompanying photographs were taken and were shown to 3 consultant teledermatologists, who then diagnosed their condition. Two senior dermatology residents then rated the face-to-face and teledermatology diagnoses as either complete agreement, partial agreement, or no agreement. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the general and clinical characteristics of the participants. The Cohen kappa was used to assess agreement in the evaluations between the teledermatology and face-to-face diagnoses by senior resident raters #1 and #2.

Results
Over 70% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater #1. Similarly, over 80% of the diagnoses were deemed as either partial or in complete agreement with the face-to-face diagnosis for senior resident rater #2. The agreement between the ratings of senior residents #1 and #2 ranged from fair to substantial.

Conclusions
The findings of the study showed that the diagnostic concordance of in-person clinicians and teledermatologists ranges from fair to substantial, with over 70% of the diagnoses in partial or complete agreement. Although face-to-face consultations remain the gold standard, teledermatology is an important alternative where dermatologic care is not accessible.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
Evaluation of Patient-Initiated Direct Care Mobile Phone–Based Teledermatology During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sharma Priyanka , Thami G P , Sethi Maninder , Kakar Shruti 
Published: December 2021

Background
With advances in telecommunication, especially smartphones, teledermatology services offered by specialists are now being directly requested by the patients themselves. This model is known as patient-initiated, direct care teledermatology. It has been pushed to the forefront due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to determine patients’ satisfaction and dermatologists’ confidence when a diagnosis was made via direct care mobile phone–based teledermatology.

Methods
Patients availing direct care teledermatology services during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center were subjected to a questionnaire within 5 days of the teleconsultation to assess patient satisfaction and opinions regarding using this model during and beyond the current COVID-19 pandemic. The dermatologists rated their confidence in making the clinical diagnosis on a scale from 1-10 for every case.

Results
Of 437 participants, 419 (95.9%) were satisfied with this mode of teledermatology. An overwhelming majority (n=428, 97.9%) felt safe consulting the dermatologist via teleconsultation and not having to visit the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 269 (61.6%) patients agreed that they would be happy to use a teledermatology service beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The dermatologists’ confidence score in making an accurate diagnosis ranged from 3 to 10, with a mean of 9.20 (SD 1.12).

Conclusions
The high levels of patient satisfaction and dermatologists’ confidence scores indicate that direct care mobile phone–based teledermatology may be a useful tool in providing dermatological services in appropriate settings and its use should continue to be explored beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.
Bacterial purulent meningitis in children: is there a light at the end of the tunnel?
Authors: Vilnits A. A. , Skripchenko N. V. , Gorelik E. Yu. , Astapova A. V. , Markova K. V. , Egorova E. S. 
Published: December 2021

Bacterial purulent meningitis is a life-threatening disease characterized by high mortality and severe consequences in survivors. Despite the modern possibilities of medicine, the disease continues to be a heavy burden on health care, the economy and society everywhere.Aim. To draw the attention of doctors to the problems associated with modern features of epidemiology, the consequences and possibilities of preventing bacterial purulent meningitis, especially in children, who constitute the main risk group for the development of this pathology.Literature review of Russian and foreign publications on the problem under consideration presented.Vaccination is recognized as one of the main tools for reducing morbidity and mortality from meningitis. Prophylactic vaccinations against N. meningitidis, Str.pneumoniae, H. influenzae, along with strict adherence to anti-epidemic measures in hospitals providing care to newborns, can help reduce the incidence of purulent meningitis in children and improve outcomes if they develop.
The Story is in the Structure: A Multi-Case Study of Instructional Design Teams
Authors: Drysdale Jason 
Published: December 2021

Although instructional designers are experienced and positioned to be leaders in online learning (Shaw, 2012), it was not previously known how organizational structures influenced their ability to act as leaders in their institutions. This problem warranted a deep exploration of the organizational structures for instructional design teams in higher education. This qualitative, multi-case study consisted of 3 individual universities each with a different organizational structure profile. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and document analysis with participants in 3 key roles at each institution: dedicated instructional designer, online faculty member, and online learning administrator. The research culminated in within-case analyses of each institution and a comparative case analysis of all 3 studied institutions. The results of the study revealed that the organizational structure that most positively influenced instructional design leadership was a centralized instructional design team with academic reporting lines. The results also showed that decentralized instructional designers experienced significant disempowerment, role misperception, and challenges in advocacy and leadership, while instructional designers with administrative reporting lines experienced a high level of role misperception specifically related to technology support. Positional parity between dedicated instructional designers and faculty, in conjunction with implementation of the recommended organizational structure, was found to be critical to empowering designers to be partners and leaders.
Introduction to Section II
Authors: Shea Peter 
Published: December 2021

In addition to the papers associated with the OLC Accelerate and Innovate conferences, we also have a selection of studies that have been reviewed and accepted for publication through our regular submission process. The journal continues to receive hundreds of submissions and the Online Learning Consortium appreciates the opportunity to serve as a nexus for researchers in the field. These studies investigate deep learning processes, motivation, compassion, and a wide range of other student, faculty and institutional issues in both k-12 and higher education online settings.
Development of the uterine tubes at the end of the fetal period of human ontogenesis
Authors: B. Yu. Banul  , F. D. Marchuk  
Published: December 2021

The authors have studied the features of syntopy and external structure of the uterine tubes at the end of the fetal period of human ontogenesis by means of fine preparation under control of a binocular loupe MBS-10 and morphometry.
Features of adjusting the aggregate state of women’s blood with dysfunctional bleeding in reproductive age
Authors: I. V. Byrchak  
Published: December 2021

The general coagulation blood potential, fibrinolytic activity of plasma, antiplasmin and plasmin potential activity, fibrinogen level in blood serum, antithrombin III activity, concentration of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes in the blood serum were estimated in women with anaemia of I degree on a background of the dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The changes of blood fibrinolytic potential have secondary nature, that is conditioned by activating the trombinogenesis and fibrinogenesis externally. The hypercoagulation develops by activating the hemopexis through the external mechanism of protrombinasa formation, which is accompanied by a decrease of anticoagulation potential and an increase of aggregation features of thrombocytes.
Perinatal risks at the repeated caesarean section and vaginal delivery in women with a uterine scar
Authors: O. V. Kravchenko  , V. A. Varvus  
Published: December 2021

251 pregnant women were under observation with a uterine scar after previously performed cesarean section. 225 women were operated one more time. 26 women had delivery through natural genital tract (10 % of the pregnant women with a uterine scare). It was established that the delivery occurred physiologically due to the correct assessment of risk factors for vaginal birth in women with a uterine scar. The presence of uterine scar in the lower segment does not significantly affect the nature and duration of labor. An increased fetal weight at vaginal birth in women with a uterine scar to 300g does not increase obstetric and perinatal complications. Thus, the study has shown that an increase of complications such as placentation in the scar and scar failure is high risk of maternal and perinatal pathology in pregnancy with a uterine scar.