bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography‐guided core needle biopsy of parotid gland neoplasms: A large, single‐institution experience in United Kingdom
Authors: Walsh Elizabeth , Allan Kimberly , Brennan Peter A. , Tullett Mark , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Rahimi Siavash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalivary gland tumours present a pleomorphic and complex morphology and, apart from the most common neoplasms with well‐established histopathological criteria, may create diagnostic difficulty for histopathologists. The majority of salivary gland tumours occur in the parotid gland and the use of ultrasound guided parotid biopsy (US‐PB) has increased. US‐PB in contrast with fine needle aspiration (FNA), which is an easy and relatively painless technique, is performed under local anaesthesia, usually by radiologists. US‐PB offers some advantages over the FNA such as tumour grading and the possibility of performing immunohistochemistry. We report our experience of the diagnostic value of US‐PB in a large, referral centre in the United Kingdom.
Reframing Literacy in the Discipline of Science with the Disciplinary Literacy Observation Tool (DLOT)
Authors: Drew Sally Valentino , Thomas Jeffrey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article explains how teams of special educators, science teachers, literacy consultants, and administrators can use the Disciplinary Literacy Observation Tool (DLOT) and accompanying planning tool to improve disciplinary literacy instruction in inclusive secondary science classrooms. The DLOT was developed in partnership with practitioners as a tool for professional development and coaching. First, the tool's development and five dimensions are described: (a) aspects of disciplinary literacy in science, (b) instructional grouping, (c) student engagement, (d) quality of pedagogy, and (e) overall quality. Then, an illustration is provided for how special educators can collaborate with science educators and other colleagues to use the DLOT to identify, document, reflect upon, and set goals regarding disciplinary literacy instruction in science in ways that benefit students with learning disabilities. With the DLOT, practitioners can approach literacy integration in science to address both general and discipline‐specific strategies aligned synergistically to Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards through three‐dimensional science learning.
Sixty years of second language aptitude research: A systematic quantitative literature review
Authors: Chalmers James , Eisenchlas Susana A. , Munro Andrew , Schalley Andrea C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSecond language (L2) aptitude has been broadly defined as the rate and ease of initially acquiring a second language. Historically, L2 aptitude has been understood as a stable trait that predetermined L2 achievement, regardless of individual learners’ efforts to acquire an L2. This traditional view of L2 aptitude as fixed and stable has led to it being a relatively neglected area of research within second language acquisition (SLA) studies. The little research that was in fact conducted was diagnostic in nature, and mostly used tests such as the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT) to select potentially gifted L2 learners. Given that six decades have passed since the publication of the MLAT, now is a good time to revisit the literature and investigate whether L2 aptitude continues to be viewed as an individual difference of little interest to SLA research. While summative literature reviews of L2 aptitude research have been written, few systematic reviews exist. This article conducts a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) to provide a principled, comprehensive and reproducible synthesis of research into L2 aptitude published over the last 60 years (1959–2019). In this SQLR, close to one hundred journal articles and PhD dissertations were examined to discern generalisations and limitations in the field. This SQLR identifies a shift in the rationale for L2 aptitude testing, in which a diagnostic focus has been replaced by an explanatory perspective. Furthermore, our article points to a renewed interest in L2 aptitude research, which has come to be characterised by a more nuanced and sophisticated understanding of the concept and its components.
The real consequences of policy‐driven exchange rate cycles: A stylized comparison of East Asia and Latin America
Authors: Razmi Arslan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractI develop the implications for capital accumulation, the trade balance, and real exchange rate cycles of different policy preferences, focusing in particular on broad stylized features of major Latin American and East Asian economies. Recent development literature has renewed interest in real exchange rate policy and the desirability of avoiding overvaluations. Political science literature, on the other hand, has emphasized the role of factors such as the influence of the manufacturing sector and the nature of the work force in shaping exchange rate policy. I formalize and relate some of these insights in a simple, dynamic, developing country framework with policy makers who intertemporally optimize and voters/audiences that are myopic. Given the choice between assigning greater weight to: (1) raising immediate worker purchasing power or (2) generating wage increases and manufacturing employmentover time, I show that developing countries where policy makers choose the former are more likely to experience cycles with overvaluation, trade deficits, and abrupt (postponed) devaluations. Moreover, these cyclical differences may help explain differences in structural evolution over longer periods of time.
Parallel shifts of visual sensitivity and body coloration in replicate populations of extremophile fish
Authors: Owens Gregory L. , Veen Thor , Moxley Dylan R. , Arias‐Rodriguez Lenin , Tobler Michael , Rennison Diana J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisual sensitivity and body pigmentation are often shaped by both natural selection from the environment and sexual selection from mate choice. One way of quantifying the impact of the environment is by measuring how traits have changed after colonization of a novel habitat. To do this, we studied Poecilia mexicana populations that have repeatedly adapted to extreme sulphidic (H2S‐containing) environments. We measured visual sensitivity using opsin gene expression, as well as body pigmentation, for populations in four independent drainages. Both visual sensitivity and body pigmentation showed significant parallel shifts towards greater medium‐wavelength sensitivity and reflectance in sulphidic populations. Altogether we found that sulphidic habitats select for differences in visual sensitivity and pigmentation. Shifts between habitats may be due to both differences in the water's spectral properties and correlated ecological changes.
Nursing practice environment, resilience, and intention to leave among critical care nurses
Authors: Ying Luk Ying , Ramoo Vimala , Ling Lee Wan , Nahasaram Sri Theyshaini , Lei Chui Ping , Leong Luk Kuok , Danaee Mahmoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetaining experienced critical care nurses (CCNs) remains a challenge for health care organizations. Nursing practice environment and resilience are both seen as modifiable factors in ameliorating the impact on CCNs' intention to leave and have not yet been explored in Malaysia.Aims and objectivesTo assess the association between perceived nursing practice environment, resilience, and intention to leave among CCNs and to determine the effect of resilience on intention to leave after controlling for other independent variables.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe universal sampling method was used to recruit nurses from adult and paediatric (including neonatal) critical care units of a large public university hospital in Malaysia. Descriptive analysis and χ2 and hierarchical logistic regression tests were used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 229 CCNs completed the self‐administrated questionnaire. Of the nurses, 76.4% perceived their practice environment as being favourable, 54.1% were moderately resilient, and only 20% were intending to leave. The logistic regression model explained 13.1% of variance in intention to leave and suggested that being single, an unfavourable practice environment, and increasing resilience were significant predictors of nurses' intention to leave.ConclusionThis study found that an unfavourable practice environment is a strong predictor of intention to leave; however, further exploration is needed to explain the higher likelihood of expressing intention to leave among CCNs when their resilience level increases.Relevance to clinical practiceLooking into staff allocation and equality of workload assignments may improve the perception of the work environment and help minimize intention to leave among nurses.
Policies to restrict unhealthy food and beverage advertising in outdoor spaces and on publicly owned assets: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Chung Alexandra , Zorbas Christina , Riesenberg Devorah , Sartori Ainslie , Kennington Kelly , Ananthapavan Jaithri , Backholer Kathryn 
Published: November 2021

SummaryUnhealthy food marketing influences attitudes, preferences, and consumption of unhealthy foods, leading to excess weight gain. Outdoor advertising is highly visible (often displayed on publicly owned assets), but the evidence supporting regulation is unclear. This systematic scoping review of academic and grey literature aimed to (1) describe potential health and economic impacts of implementing government‐led policies that restrict unhealthy food advertising in outdoor spaces or on public assets (including studies examining prevalence of advertising, associations with health outcomes and interventional studies); (2) identify and describe existing policies; and (3) identify factors perceived to have influenced policy implementation. Thirty‐six academic studies were eligible for inclusion. Most reported on prevalence of unhealthy food advertising, demonstrating high prevalence around schools and in areas of lower socioeconomic position. None examined health and economic impacts of implemented policies. Four jurisdictions were identified with existing regulations; five had broader marketing or consumer protection policies that captured outdoor food marketing. Facilitators of policy implementation included collaboration, effective partnerships, and strong political leadership. Barriers included lobbying by food, media, and advertising industries. Implementation of food marketing policies in outdoor spaces and on public assets is feasible and warranted. Strong coalitions and leadership will be important to drive the policy agenda forward.
How regulations undervalue occupational fatalities
Authors: Viscusi W. Kip , Cramer Robert J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration establishes incentives for safety by setting and enforcing regulatory standards. Using four and a half decades of inspection data, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors underpinning penalties following fatalities. The “fatality premium” for regulatory violations following a worker death is quite modest and is several orders of magnitude below the value‐of‐a‐statistical‐life figure needed to establish efficient levels of deterrence in the absence of all other financial incentives. Although there are low statutory caps on penalties, only 8% of the penalties for violations involving fatalities are constrained by the cap, suggesting that current statutes establish norms for reasonable penalty amounts. In situations involving a fatality at firms with union representation during the inspection, the enforcement sanctions are more stringent. Fatalities involving migrant laborers are less heavily penalized.
Aid for Trade, export product diversification, and foreign direct investment
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe few existing studies on the relationship between Aid for Trade (AfT) flows and inward foreign direct investment (FDI) tend to report a positive effect of total AfT flows, in particular of aid flows for building economic infrastructure, on FDI inflows. This article aims to complement these works by investigating whether the effect of AfT flows on inward FDI stock depends on recipient countries' level of export product concentration. Empirical analysis has shown that AfT flows exert a strong positive effect on inward FDI stock in countries that experience a high level of export product concentration. These findings are relevant for developing countries regarding the concentration of their export products on primary commodities and given the strong role of FDI flows for employment generation, economic growth, and development in these countries.
What makes a developmental network state durable?
Authors: Keller Matthew R. , Block Fred , Negoita Marian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs dynamic collaborations between networks of specialists have become more central to developing cutting‐edge innovations, designing and sustaining innovation policies that foster them has become an increasingly central concern. This article reviews the characteristics of the “developmental network” or “neo‐developmental” states that have been shown to foster innovations at the technological horizon. It then analyzes the US case to suggest why some developmental network approaches to governance have proven relatively durable, while others have not. We conclude with a discussion of what can – and cannot – be learned from the US case, and suggest the importance of comparative work on the sustainability of effective innovation‐centered approaches to governance.
Individualized risk trajectories for iron‐related adverse outcomes in repeat blood donors
Authors: Russell W. Alton , Scheinker David , Custer Brian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite a fingerstick hemoglobin requirement and 56‐day minimum donation interval, repeat blood donation continues to cause and exacerbate iron deficiency.Study design and methodsUsing data from the REDS‐II Donor Iron Status Evaluation study, we developed multiclass prediction models to estimate the competing risk of hemoglobin deferral and collecting blood from a donor with sufficient hemoglobin but low or absent underlying iron stores. We compared models developed with and without two biomarkers not routinely measured in most blood centers: ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor. We generated and analyzed “individual risk trajectories”: estimates of how each donors' risk developed as a function of the time interval until their next donation attempt.ResultsWith standard biomarkers, the top model had a multiclass area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 77.6% (95% CI [77.3%–77.8%]). With extra biomarkers, multiclass AUC increased to 82.8% (95% CI [82.5%–83.1%]). In the extra biomarkers model, ferritin was the single most important variable, followed by the donation interval. We identified three risk archetypes: “fast recoverers” (<10% risk of any adverse outcome on post‐donation day 56), “slow recoverers” (>60% adverse outcome risk on day 56 that declines to <35% by day 250), and “chronic high‐risk” (>85% risk of the adverse outcome on day 250).DiscussionA longer donation interval reduced the estimated risk of iron‐related adverse outcomesfor most donors, but risk remained high for some. Tailoring safeguards to individual risk estimates could reduce blood collections from donors with low or absent iron stores.
Growth factors for treating chronic venous leg ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Yung , Lee Michael H. , Phillips Steven A. , Stacey Michael C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic venous leg ulcers (VLU) are wounds that commonly occur due to venous insufficiency. Many growth factors have been introduced over the past two decades to treat VLU. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates the impact of growth factor treatments of VLU in comparison to control for complete wound healing, percent reduction in wound area, time to wound healing, and adverse events. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised trials was conducted. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to December 2020. Studies were included if they compared a growth factor versus placebo or standard care in patients with VLU. From 1645 articles, 13 trials were included (n = 991). There was a significant difference between any growth factor and placebo in complete wound healing (P = 0.04). Any growth factor compared to placebo significantly increased the likelihood of percent wound reduction by 48.80% (P = <0.00001). There was no difference in overall adverse event rate. Most comparisons have low certainty of evidence according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. This meta‐analysis suggests that growth factors have a beneficial effect in complete wound healing of VLU. Growth factors may also increase percent reduction in wound area. The suggestion of benefit for growth factors identified in this review is not a strong one based on the low quality of evidence.
The Effects of Body Position on Trochanteric Soft Tissue Thickness—Implications for Predictions of Impact Force and Hip Fracture Risk During Lateral Falls
Authors: Lafleur Benoit R. , Tondat Alyssa M. , Pretty Steven P. , Mourtzakis Marina , Laing Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

Trochanteric soft tissue thickness (TSTT) is a protective factor against fall-related hip fractures. This study’s objectives were to determine: (1) the influence of body posture on TSTT and (2) the downstream effects of TSTT on biomechanical model predictions of fall-related impact force (Ffemur) and hip fracture factor of risk. Ultrasound was used to measure TSTT in 45 community-dwelling older adults in standing, supine, and side-lying positions with hip rotation angles of −25°, 0°, and 25°. Supine TSTT (mean [SD] = 5.57 [2.8] cm) was 29% and 69% greater than in standing and side-lying positions, respectively. The Ffemur based on supine TSTT (3380 [2017] N) was 19% lower than the standing position (4173 [1764] N) and 31% lower than the side-lying position (4908 [1524] N). As factor of risk was directly influenced by Ffemur, the relative effects on fracture risk were similar. While less pronounced (<10%), the effects of hip rotation angle were consistent across TSTT, Ffemur, and factor of risk. Based on the sensitivity of impact models to TSTT, these results highlight the need for a standardized TSTT measurement approach. In addition, the consistent influence of hip rotation on TSTT (and downstream model predictions) support its importance as a factor that may influence fall-related hip fracture risk.
Validity of the Fitbit Ace and Moki Devices for Assessing Steps During Different Walking Conditions in Young Adolescents
Authors: Sun Xiyao , Adams Stephanie A. , Li Chuchu , Booth Josephine N. , Robertson Judy , Fawkner Samantha 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Using wearable monitoring devices is increasingly ubiquitous, including among young people. However, there is limited evidence of the validity of devices which are aimed at children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of Fitbit Ace and Moki monitors in healthy young adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 17 young adolescents (ages 11–13 y) ambulating between 3 different walking conditions (incidental [∼6 min], controlled, and treadmill [each 3 min], while wearing wrist-worn devices [Fitbit Ace, Moki] on each wrist [left and right, respectively]). Data from the devices were compared with observer counts (criterion). Bland–Altman plots and mean absolute percentage errors were computed. Results: Analyses identified that the Fitbit Ace showed higher levels of bias across conditions compared with the Moki device: (mean difference [SD]; Fitbit Ace: 30.0 [38.0], 3.0 [13.0], and 13.0 [23.0] steps and Moki: 1.0 [19.0], 4.0 [16.0], and 6.0 [14.0] steps, incidental, controlled, and treadmill, respectively). Mean absolute percentage errors ranged from 3.1% to 9.5% for the Fitbit Ace and 3.0% to 4.0% for the Moki device. Conclusion: The Fitbit Ace and Moki devices might not provide acceptable validity under all walking conditions, but the Moki provides more accurate estimates of incidental walking and might therefore be a good choice for free-living research or school-based interventions.
Seismicity recorded in hematite fault mirrors in the Rio Grande rift
Authors: Odlum M.L. , Ault A.K. , Channer M.A. , Calzolari G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExhumed fault rocks provide a textural and chemical record of how fault zone composition and architecture control coseismic temperature rise and earthquake mechanics. We integrated field, microstructural, and hematite (U-Th)/He (He) thermochronometry analyses of exhumed minor (square-centimeter-scale surface area) hematite fault mirrors that crosscut the ca. 1400 Ma Sandia granite in two localities along the eastern flank of the central Rio Grande rift, New Mexico. We used these data to characterize fault slip textures; evaluate relationships among fault zone composition, thickness, and inferred magnitude of friction-generated heat; and document the timing of fault slip. Hematite fault mirrors are collocated with and crosscut specular hematite veins and hematite-cemented cataclasite. Observed fault mirror microstructures reflect fault reactivation and strain localization within the comparatively weaker hematite relative to the granite. The fault mirror volume of some slip surfaces exhibits polygonal, sintered hematite nanoparticles likely created during coseismic temperature rise. Individual fault mirror hematite He dates range from ca. 97 to 5 Ma, and ~80% of dates from fault mirror volume aliquots with high-temperature crystal morphologies are ca. 25–10 Ma. These aliquots have grain-size–dependent closure temperatures of ~75–108 °C. A new mean apatite He date of 13.6 ± 2.6 Ma from the Sandia granite is consistent with prior low-temperature thermochronometry data and reflects rapid, Miocene rift flank exhumation. Comparisons of thermal history models and hematite He data patterns, together with field and microstructural observations, indicate that seismicity along the fault mirrors at ~2–4 km depth was coeval with rift flank exhumation. The prevalence and distribution of high-temperature hematite grain morphologies on different slip surfaces correspond with thinner deforming zones and higher proportions of quartz and feldspar derived from the granite that impacted the bulk strength of the deforming zone. Thus, these exhumed fault mirrors illustrate how evolving fault material properties reflect but also govern coseismic temperature rise and associated dynamic weakening mechanisms on minor faults at the upper end of the seismogenic zone.