bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prize of Governance. How the European Union Uses Symbolic Distinctions to Mobilize Society and Foster Competitiveness
Authors: Foret François , Vargovčíková Jana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince its origins, the European Union (EU) has increasingly relied on prizes to highlight the values and principles channelling European integration. In the last two decades, such symbolic tools of governance have shifted away from the kind of distinctions granted by elites to elites and aiming to honour prominent figures offered as role models mainly in the field of identity, memory and cultural policies. In an increasingly market‐oriented Europe, prizes are used as incentives and disciplining instruments to enhance self‐compliance of economic and social actors with an ethos of competitiveness and innovation. They work as a magnifying glass of the evolution of the EU towards a government at distance through policy instruments. The focus is on four areas where prizes have multiplied since the 2000s: research and innovation, economic governance, territorial and environmental policies, and communication policies. The article draws on a qualitative analysis of a corpus of ninety‐one prizes, institutional documentation, parliamentary debates and media controversies related to prizes.
Politicizing Europe in Elections to the European Parliament (1994–2019): The Crucial Role of Mainstream Parties
Authors: Braun Daniela , Grande Edgar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on original data, this article analyses the politicization of European issues in European elections. Contrary to scholarly expectations, our findings show a higher level of politicization of European issues compared to national elections. However, politicization has been declining in both electoral arenas from the early 2000s until 2014 despite the increasing visibility of radical Eurosceptic parties. This paper suggests that this decline in politicization is a consequence of relatively low levels of emphasis put on the EU issue by mainstream political parties. It argues that Eurosceptic parties have had a paradoxical effect on politicization, since mainstream parties have responded to the former's mobilizing efforts by de‐emphasizing European issues rather than pursuing a confrontational strategy. This finding is corroborated by the 2019 elections, where we observe remarkably high levels of politicization in those countries where mainstream parties have been forced to open the debate around European issues.
Remaking the Regional: Legitimacy and Political Participation in Regional Integration
Authors: Gerard Kelly , Mickler David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe EU's profound crisis has drawn into sharp relief the challenges of reconfiguring national democratic processes around regional political communities. Over the same period for which the EU has fractured, however, other regional organizations have intensified integration. These divergent trends raise urgent questions regarding how regional organizations seek to legitimate integration and associated measures to regionalize decision‐making, and how these legitimation processes can be compared across regional organizations. This article focuses not on specifying how regional organizations should legitimate their activities, but instead on explaining how and why legitimation processes have been crafted in particular ways. Drawing on recent contributions in state theory and political geography, as well as political participation and de‐politicisation, the article advances an innovative approach to understanding how regional integration is (de)legitimated by, first, analysing state‐making and regionalism as ongoing and mutually constituted processes, and second, examining the design and function of participatory innovations.
Effects of low‐dose rhBMP‐2 on peri‐implant ridge augmentation in a canine model
Authors: Chao Yueh‐Ling , Wang Tong‐Mei , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Lin Li‐Deh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential of low‐dose rhBMP‐2 combined with Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/ Collagen (Col) composite in repairing the peri‐implant critical size defect and to determine the optimal rhBMP‐2 concentration.Materials and MethodsFifty saddle‐type alveolar defects (10 mm mesiodistally and 4 mm apicocoronally) were surgically prepared on edentulous ridges in ten beagle dogs. Following implant placement, the defects with vertically exposed implant fixtures either received (a) no graft, (b) HAp/TCP/Col composite, (c) HAp/TCP/Col +0.02 mg/ml rhBMP‐2, (d) HAp/TCP/Col +0.08 mg/ml rhBMP‐2 or (e) HAp/TCP/Col +0.2 mg/ml rhBMP‐2. After healing for 4 or 8 weeks, bone regeneration and mineralization were assessed through radiography, micro‐CT, fluorescence labelling and histologic analyses. Implant stability was measured through resonance frequency analysis.ResultsIt was evident HAp/TCP/Col with 0.2 mg/ml rhBMP‐2 manifested strong osteogenic potential in this large animal model, as significantly more and faster new bone formation with better implant stability was identified compared to the HAp/TCP/Col‐alone control group (adjusted p < .05).ConclusionsOur results highlight the constructs of HAp/TCP/Col +0.2 mg/ml rhBMP‐2 without barrier membranes as a promising tool for peri‐implant ridge augmentation.
Glycemic control in children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes around lockdown for COVID‐19: A continuous glucose monitoring‐based observational study
Authors: Wu Xiumei , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Ding Yu , Wang Siqi , Ling Ping , Yue Tong , Xu Wen , Yan Jinhua , Weng Jianping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic urged authorities to impose rigorous quarantines and brought considerable changes to people’s lifestyles. The impact of these changes on glycemic control has remained unclear, especially the long‐term effect. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis observational study enrolled children with type 1 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring data were extracted from the cloud‐based platform before, during and after lockdown. Demographics and lifestyle change‐related information were collected from the database or questionnaires. We compared these data before, during and after lockdown.ResultsA total of 43 children with type 1 diabetes were recruited (20 girls; mean age 7.45 years; median diabetes duration 1.05 years). We collected 41,784 h of continuous glucose monitoring data. Although time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) was similar before, during and after lockdown, the median time below range <3.9 mmol/L decreased from 3.70% (interquartile range [IQR] 2.25–9.53%) before lockdown to 2.91% (IQR 1.43–5.95%) during lockdown, but reversed to 4.95% (IQR 2.11–9.42%) after lockdown (P = 0.004). Time below range <3.0 mmol/L was 0.59% (IQR 0.14–2.21%), 0.38% (IQR 0.05–1.35%) and 0.82% (IQR 0.22–1.69%), respectively (P = 0.008). The amelioration of hypoglycemia during lockdown was more prominent among those who had less time spent <3.9 mmol/L at baseline. During lockdown, individuals reduced their physical activity, received longer sleep duration and spent more time on diabetes management. In addition, they attended outpatient clinics less and turned to telemedicine more frequently.ConclusionGlycemic control did not deteriorate in children and teenagers with type 1 diabetes around the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hypoglycemia declined during lockdown, but reversed after lockdown, and the changes related to lifestyle might not provide a long‐term effect.
Position statement for a pragmatic approach to immunotherapeutics in patients with inflammatory skin diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Beecker J. , Papp K.A. , Dutz J. , Vender R.B. , Gniadecki R. , Cooper C. , Gisondi P. , Gooderham M. , Hong C.H. , Kirchhof M.G. , Lynde C.W. , Maari C. , Poulin Y. , Puig L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a novel RNA virus that was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. The efficiency of infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is reflected by its rapid global spread. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has implications for patients with inflammatory skin diseases on systemic immunotherapy who may be at increased risk of infection or more severe infection. This position paper is a focused examination of current evidence considering the mechanisms of action of immunotherapeutic drugs in relation to immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2. We aim to provide practical guidance for dermatologists managing patients with inflammatory skin conditions on systemic therapies during the current pandemic and beyond. Considering the limited and rapidly evolving evidence, mechanisms of action of therapies, and current knowledge of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we propose that systemic immunotherapy can be continued, with special considerations for at risk patients or those presenting with symptoms.
Three‐dimensional histology vs. serial section histology in the treatment of primary basal cell carcinoma: a randomized, prospective, blinded study of 569 tumours
Authors: Kofler L. , Breuninger H. , Schreiber R.H. , Eichner M. , Häfner H.‐M. , Schnabl S.M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor basal cell carcinoma (BCC), only few controlled data have been published so far, which directly compare micrographically controlled surgery with conventional serial section histology. In addition to Mohs surgery, which uses cryostat sections, also three‐dimensional histology (3D‐histology), based on paraffin sections, is available to ensure complete control of the margins and basic sections.ObjectivesTo investigate the rate of local recurrence (LR) as well as the number of required re‐excisions for basal cell carcinomas with serial section histology vs. 3D‐histology.MethodsWe compared serial sections histology with 3D‐histology in a prospective, randomized, controlled blinded trial and analysed 569 BCC of all subtypes up to 30 mm diameter, 287 BCC in the 3D group and 282 BCC in the serial section group. Excisions were performed with adapted primary resection margin according to location and size of the tumour. Surgeons were blinded at the time of surgery as they did not know which histological method will be used. Both methods used paraffin sections.ResultsBoth groups did not differ regarding patients age, tumour location, tumour diameter, tumour subtypes or primary resection margins. In the serial section group, re‐excisions were required in 21%; 24 tumours (8.4%) recurred after a median of 2.2 years. In the 3D‐histology group, re‐excisions were required in 39%; 10 tumours recurred (3.5%) after a median of 2.8 years. The recurrence rates differed significantly between both groups. Mean follow‐up was 4.5 years.Conclusions3D‐histology is a useful technique to detect tumour outgrowths at the excision margins, but required a high rate of re‐excisions. 3D‐histology was associated with a significantly lower LR rate than serial section histology.
Entrepreneurial experience and firm exit over the business cycle
Authors: McGuire Erin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I explore business cycle‐related dynamics in differences in exit decisions between serial and novice entrepreneurs. Using time series geographic variation in economic conditions, I examine how businesses founded by serial and novice entrepreneurs differentially respond to changes on average state personal income, alternative employment options, and home values. Weibull survival model estimates indicate that serial entrepreneurs are more likely to endure declines in aggregate income and credit availability, but are relatively more likely to go out of business as slack increases in the labor market (increases in unemployment rate). In the second part of the paper, I provide evidence that these dynamics are driven by differences in business strategies and the use of financial resources.
Identification, expression and enzyme activity of the group III sPLA2s in Cyprinus carpio L
Authors: Xu Yuxin , Li Hongxia , Xu Dihui , Li Jianlin , Yu Fan , Wang Meiyao , Wang Qin , Wu Yunsheng , Zhang Qiyuan , Tang Yongkai , Yu Juhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFive group III secreted phospholipase (pla2g3s) homologous genes located on different linkage groups were identified from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which we named Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3b, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2. The five genes encode 530, 525, 461, 752 and 753 amino acids, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the Ccpla2g3as contain seven exons and the others contain four exons. Synteny analysis of fish pla2g3s indicated that pla2g3a and pla2g3b were from the same ancestor gene, and Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2 were from the specific genome duplication of common carp. Due to the significant variation of the pla2g3bs from common carp and zebrafish (Danio rerio), they formed a separate group in the phylogenetic tree. The tissue distributions of Ccpla2g3s coincided with their expression profiles during the embryo stages. The expression levels of Ccpla2g3as and Ccpla2g3cs were low at the embryo stages, and they were abundant in the liver and brain, respectively, whereas the expression of Ccpla2g3b was high at 0.5 h after fertilization and in the ovary. We obtained three soluble recombinant proteins of the bee venom‐like PLA2 (BVLP) from Ccpla2g3 and evaluated their PLA2 enzyme properties. The optimum pHs of MBP‐a1‐BVLP, MBP‐b‐BVLP and MBP‐c1‐BVLP were 7.5, 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, and specific activities were 7.68 ± 0.66, 4.155 ± 0.158 and 1.93 ± 0.05 U μmol–1, respectively. The Kd for Ca2+ of MBP‐b‐BVLP was the lowest (2.6 μM), whereas the values for both MBP‐a1‐BVLP and MBP‐c1‐BVLP were about 15 μM. The Km values of three proteins ranged from 31.9 to 41.91 μM.
Bedside risk‐scoring model for predicting 6‐week mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation for acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Kim Jung Hee , Park Se Woo , Jung Jang Han , Park Da Hae , Bang Chang Seok , Park Chan Hyuk , Park Ji Won , Park Jae Gun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAcute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a fatal adverse event of cirrhosis, and endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is the standard treatment for AVB. We developed a novel bedside risk‐scoring model to predict the 6‐week mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing EBL for AVB.MethodsCox regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of clinical, biological, and endoscopic variables with the 6‐week mortality risk after EBL in a derivation cohort (n = 1373). The primary outcome was the predictive accuracy of the new model for the 6‐week mortality in the validation cohort. Moreover, we tested the adequacy of the mortality risk‐based stratification and the discriminative performance of our new model in comparison with the Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) and the model for end‐stage liver disease scores in the validation cohort (n = 200).ResultsOn multivariate Cox regression analysis, five objective variables (use of beta‐blockers, hepatocellular carcinoma, CTP class C, hypovolemic shock at initial presentation, and history of hepatic encephalopathy) were scored to generate a 12‐point risk‐prediction model. The model stratified the 6‐week mortality risk in patients as low (3.5%), intermediate (21.1%), and high (53.4%) (P < 0.001). Time‐dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 6‐week mortality showed that this model was a better prognostic indicator than the CTP class alone in the derivation (P < 0.001) and validation (P < 0.001) cohorts.ConclusionsA simplified scoring model with high potential for generalization refines the prediction of 6‐week mortality in high‐risk cirrhotic patients, thereby aiding the targeting and individualization of treatment strategies for decreasing the mortality rate.
Colon volvulus in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at the Oregon National Primate Research Center—Retrospective analysis
Authors: Johnson Amanda L. , Bronson Steven , Prongay Kamm , Norris Reed A. , Lewis Anne D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractColonic volvulus is an uncommon, often life‐threatening condition, in non‐human primates. Twenty‐six cases of colonic volvulus in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were identified in necropsy records spanning 38 years at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC). This report represents the largest collection of colonic volvuli in rhesus macaques.
Chemogenetic approaches to identify metabolically important GPCR signaling pathways: Therapeutic implications
Authors: Meister Jaroslawna , Wang Lei , Pydi Sai P. , Wess Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by a Designer Drug) are designer G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are widely used in the neuroscience field to modulate neuronal activity. In this review, we will focus on DREADD studies carried out with genetically engineered mice aimed at elucidating signaling pathways important for maintaining proper glucose and energy homeostasis. The availability of muscarinic receptor‐based DREADDs endowed with selectivity for one of the four major classes of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gi, Gq, and G12) has been instrumental in dissecting the physiological and pathophysiological roles of distinct G protein signaling pathways in metabolically important cell types. The novel insights gained from this work should inform the development of novel classes of drugs useful for the treatment of several metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Mass spectrometry analysis of tau and amyloid‐beta in iPSC‐derived models of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
Authors: Arber Charles , Alatza Argyro , Leckey Claire A. , Paterson Ross W. , Zetterberg Henrik , Wray Selina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enables the generation of human neurons in vitro, which contain the precise genome of the cell donor, therefore permitting the generation of disease models from individuals with a disease‐associated genotype of interest. This approach has been extensively used to model inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. The combination of iPSC‐derived neuronal models with targeted mass spectrometry analysis has provided unprecedented insights into the regulation of specific proteins in human neuronal physiology and pathology. For example enabling investigations into tau and APP/Aβ, specifically: protein isoform expression, relative levels of cleavage fragments, aggregated species and functionally critical post‐translational modifications. The use of mass spectrometry has enabled a determination of how closely iPSC‐derived models recapitulate disease profiles observed in the human brain. This review will highlight the progress to date in studies using iPSCs and mass spectrometry to model Alzheimer's disease and dementia. We go on to convey our optimism, as studies in the near future will make use of this precedent, together with novel techniques such as genome editing and stable isotope labelling, to provide real progress towards an in depth understanding of early neurodegenerative processes and development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Clinical brightening efficacy and safety of Melasolv™ (3,4,5‐trimethoxy cinnamate thymol ester, TCTE) in Southeast Asian women
Authors: Kim Seung Hun , Paik Byung Ryol , Lee Sung Hoon , Lee So Mi , Kim Mi Jin , Kim Eun Joo , Leow Chin Yong , Cho Changhui , Park Won‐Seok , Suh Byung‐Fhy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin darkening because of increased and irregular synthesis of melanin causes melasma, solar lentigo, and freckles. Melasolv™, produced in the early 2000s, shows potent depigmenting effect and has low cytotoxicity. It has been used as a brightening agent in cosmetics for decades.AimsThis study was conducted to investigate whether Melasolv™ is effective for the skin of ASEAN (Southeast Asia) women.MethodsWe recruited ASEAN women in Singapore and divided them into two groups (active group vs. placebo group). Melasolv™ and placebo formulations were applied twice a day for 12 weeks. The changes in the pigmented spots were visually evaluated by an expert and assessed using a spectrophotometer and Mexameter at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.ResultsThe visual evaluation revealed significant improvements, in both size and color intensity, in the active group compared with those in the placebo group at 12 weeks. In the spectrophotometric evaluation, the L* value of the pigmented spots in the active group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group at 12 weeks. Similar results were obtained in the evaluation using the Mexameter. After 12 weeks, the melanin index of the pigmented spots significantly decreased, and it was significantly higher than that in the placebo group. There was no significant change in the erythema index. In the image analysis, there were no significant differences in skin color brightness and evenness in the active group compared with those in the placebo group.ConclusionMelasolv™ can be effective used for skin brightening.
Quantifiable clinical efficacy of injectable porcine collagen for the treatment of structural dark circles
Authors: Zhao Rui , Qiu He , Liu Shuo , Cao Lideng , Yu Donglei , Wang Hang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDark circles are one of the most perplexing cosmetic problems for modern people. Nowadays, a new porcine collagen filler has been popular in China and many countries and has high safety.AimsThe purpose of this study is to explore and quantify the efficacy of this collagen filler in treating structured dark circles objectively and systematically.MethodsThis is a prospective study. Twenty patients were included and took standard facial photographs at preoperative (Tp), immediately postoperative (T0), 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 4 weeks (T4), 8 weeks (T8), and 12 weeks (T12). The efficacy was quantified by measuring the depression of the tear trough and infraorbital melanin content. Three dermatologists blinded to the treatment were responsible for completing the subjective evaluations.ResultsThe depression volume, depression‐affected area, and depression maximum depth of the tear trough decreased significantly immediately postoperation, and then all values increased slowly with time (P <.05). After 3‐month observation, we found that the residual effect of the treatment is 45.08% ± 15.53% (T8) and 17.37% ± 16.79% (T12). The melanin contents at the medial point (A), the middle point (B), and the lateral point (C) all decreased instantly after injection (A: 8.23% ± 5.07%, B: 6.29% ± 5.05%, C: 5.11% ± 5.44% ), which suggested that collagen filler had an instant covering effect for structural dark circles. Patients showed only slight redness and swelling after the treatment.ConclusionCollagen filler is a very effective treatment method for structural dark circles. Besides, it may also have a certain therapeutic effect on the other three dark circles types.