bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABO blood group system and risk of positive surgical margins in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: results in 1114 consecutive patients
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Amigoni Nelia , Migliorini Filippo , Rizzetto Riccardo , Tafuri Alessandro , Piccoli Pierluigi , Tiso Leone , Cerrato Clara , Bianchi Alberto , Gallina Sebastian , Orlando Rossella , De Michele Mario , Gozzo Alessandra , Antoniolli Stefano Zecchini , De Marco Vincenzo , Brunelli Matteo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Artibani Walter , Siracusano Salvatore , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo test the hypothesis of associations between the ABO blood group system (ABO-bg) and prostate cancer (PCa) features in the surgical specimen of patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Between January 2013 and October 2020, 1114 patients were treated with RARP. Associations of ABO-bg with specimen pathological features were evaluated by statistical methods. Overall, 305 patients were low risk (27.4%), 590 intermediate risk (50%) and 219 high risk (19.6%). Pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 678 subjects (60.9%) of whom 79 (11.7%) had cancer invasion. In the surgical specimen, tumor extended beyond the capsule in 9.8% and invaded seminal vesicles in 11.8% of cases. Positive surgical margins (PSM) were detected in 271 cases (24.3%). The most frequently detected blood groups were A and O, which were equally distributed for both including 467 patients (41.9%), followed by groups B (127 cases; 11.4%) and AB (53 subjects; 4.8%). Among specimen factors, the ABO-bgs associated only with the risk of PSM, which was higher for blood group O (30.4%) compared with group A (19.5%) after adjusting for other standard clinical predictors (odds ratio, OR = 1.842; 95% CI 1.352–2.509; p < 0.0001). Along the ABO-bgs, the risk of PSM was increased by group O independently by other standard preoperative factors. The ABO-bgs may represent a further physical factor for clinical assessment of PCa patients, but confirmatory studies are required.
Comparison of floral traits in Calibrachoa cultivars and assessment of their impacts on attractiveness to flower-visiting insects
Authors: Marquardt Melanie , Kienbaum Lydia , Losert Dominik , Kretschmer Lea Annina , Rigling Marina , Zhang Yanyan , Schweikert Karsten , Westermann Nils , Ruttensperger Ute , Rosenkranz Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrnamental plants are appreciated by humans for their colorfulness, beauty, abundant flowering and long blooming periods. Many ornamental plants can also constitute an additional foraging resource for flower-visiting insects. However, the ability of the popular ornamental plant Calibrachoa to support urban insect communities is not well documented. In this study, 20 different Calibrachoa cultivars were selected and tested in regard to their insect friendliness based on standardized observations (I) in flight tents using the large earth bumble bee Bombus terrestris as a model species and (II) in open field trials. To investigate what floral characteristics might constitute attractiveness to bumble bees, various floral traits were recorded and compared across all tested Calibrachoa cultivars. Over a two-year period, a total of 6,327 foraging bumble bees were recorded in the tent observations. In the open field observations, we counted 4,188 flower-visiting insects. Our results revealed that (I) all Calibrachoa cultivars were visited by insects for foraging, (II) the number of insect visitors varied significantly among the 20 tested cultivars and (III) the cultivars displayed different floral traits. For the morphometric floral traits and the aroma profiles of Calibrachoa, only the mean nectar quantity and a few identified compounds could be correlated with attractiveness to the model species B. terrestris. We also found that the petal color of the tested cultivars had a significant impact on the number of visitors. Therefore, B. terrestris clearly preferred red or blue Calibrachoa cultivars over those with other petal colors. However, as the cultivar preferences in the different insect groups differed, it is highly recommended to use various cultivars in urban plantings. Nevertheless, efforts must be made to explain what additional floral traits make Calibrachoa and other ornamental plants generally attractive to flower visitors. This information can then be used for breeding purposes to increase the insect friendliness of ornamental plants.
Kindeswohl in der Krise?
Authors: Kläsener Nina 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Verdacht auf Kindeswohlgefährdung stellt die sozialpädagogische Professionalität in zunehmendem Maße vor die Herausforderung, Gefährdungslagen von Kindern und Jugendlichen einzuschätzen und Entscheidungen zu treffen. Der Beitrag diskutiert Entscheidungslogiken am Instrument des Schutzplans.
Vegetation Diversity of Screes and Taluses of The Pamir and South-Western Tian Shan in Middle Asia
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Świerszcz Sebastian , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of phytosociological research on scree vegetation of the Pamir and south-western Tian Shan. We collected 222 phytosociological relevés during field studies conducted in 2015–2019, applying the Braun-Blanquet approach. We identified 21 plant communities on mobile and stabilized screes of colluvial cones, aprons and fans, inhabiting mainly the montane and alpine belts in several ranges (e.g. Peter the First, Alichur, Shugnan, Shachdarian, Darvaz, Rushan, Vanch, Fergana, Kyrgyz and Terskey ranges). As a result we provide the first comprehensive hierarchical syntaxonomic synopsis of scree communities at montane and alpine elevations in the eastern Middle Asia. The collected vegetation relevés represent the majority of the variation among the phytocoenoses of gravel, pebble, cobble and rock block slides and screes in the montane and alpine belts. As a result of field studies and Twinspan analyses, nine associations were identified on screes of the Pamir and western Tian Shan. All these communities were assigned to the Sileno brahuicae-Lactucetalia orientalis Nowak et al. 2021. Additionally, within the nitrophilous compact gravel screes one subassociation of Corydalidetum kashgaricae trigonelletosum gontscharovii was distinguished. In the most arid zone two additional plant associations and one subassociation were identified in gravelly semi-deserts zone. The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are scree mobility, rock particle size, elevation above sea level and slope inclination. Our research revealed considerable diversity of scree habitats of montane and alpine belts what might be astonishing regarding harsh environment of this mountainous territory. However, a great number of lineages that evolved here and particularly rich species pool of this habitat in Middle Asia facilitate remarkable diversity among vegetation of taluses and screes. The distinctiveness of species composition is additionally enhanced by high degree of endemism of chasmophytic habitats in the eastern part of Middle Asia. Despite recent developments, the prominent chasmophytic vegetation of Middle Asia still needs thorough studies focused on its relationship to semi-desert, tall-forb and petrophytic communities of high mountains of the Pamir, Hindu-Kush, Kunlun and Central Tian Shan.
Provide Vaccines, Not Require Immunity or Vaccination Passports … For Now
Authors: Savulescu Julian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn principle, mandatory vaccination in employment could be justified in certain circumstances. These include: (1) the availability of safe and effective vaccination; (2) if alternative, less coercive strategies did not work; and, (3) the costs to the individual were proportionate. However, in COVID-19, the long term safety of vaccines is yet to be established. Vaccines should be made available by employers, and voluntary vaccination encouraged.
Rancor: Sephardi Jews, Spanish Citizenship, and the Politics of Sentiment
Authors: McDonald Charles A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2015, Spain approved a law that offered citizenship to the descendants of Sephardi Jews expelled in 1492. Drawing on archival, ethnographic, and historical sources, I show that this law belongs to a political genealogy of philosephardism in which the “return” of Sephardi Jews has been imagined as a way to usher in a deferred Spanish modernity. Borrowing from anthropological theories of “racial fusion,” philosephardic thinkers at the turn of the twentieth century saw Sephardi Jews as inheritors of a racial mixture that made them living repositories of an earlier moment of national greatness. The senator Ángel Pulido, trained as an anthropologist, channeled these intellectual currents into an international campaign advocating the repatriation of Sephardi Jews. Linking this racial logic to an affective one, Pulido asserted that Sephardi Jews did not “harbor rancor” for the Expulsion, but instead felt love and nostalgia toward Spain, and could thus be trusted as loyal subjects who would help resurrect its empire. Today, affective criteria continue to be enmeshed in debates about who qualifies for inclusion and are inextricable from the histories of racial thought that made earlier exclusions possible. Like its precursors, the 2015 Sephardic citizenship law rhetorically fashioned Sephardi Jews as fundamentally Spanish, not only making claimsaboutSephardi Jews, but also making claimsonthem. Reckoning with how rancor and other sentiments have helped buttress such claims exposes the recalcitrant hold that philosephardic thought has on Spain's present, even those “progressive” political projects that promise to “return” what has been lost.
The effect of increased temperature and CO2 air enrichment on the nutritive value of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) in permanent grassland
Authors: Küsters J. , Pötsch E. M. , Resch R. , Gierus M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh yielding ruminant livestock require high nutritive value in forage for maintenance, growth and production. Climate change has been documented as impacting on the nutritive value of forage plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of increased temperature in combination with CO2-enhancement on the nutritive value of orchard grass (cocksfoot; Dactylis glomerata L.), as a C3 model plant, widespread in mountainous permanent grassland plant communities. Functional traits and forage quality of orchard grass were investigated both under ambient (C0T0) and under simulated, future climate conditions (C2T2) with increased temperature (+3°C) and enhanced CO2 concentration (+300 ppm) under field conditions. Plant samples were taken from each of the three growths over a period of three consecutive years and numerous functional properties and forage quality parameters were determined. Special attention was paid to the determination of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), non-protein N (NPN) and metabolizable energy (ME) as possible indicators for different climatic conditions. It is hypothesized that (i) functional traits and (ii) forage quality of orchard grass are altered by increased temperature and higher CO2 concentration. The results showed a negative impact of C2T2 compared to C0T0 on tiller height (54.4 v. 70.6 cm) and weight (2.42 v. 3.22 g) as average over cuts and years. The NPN content was lower in C2T2 (312 g/kg CP) compared to C0T0 (339 g/kg CP). In contrast, the WSC content was higher in C2T2 (90.3 g/kg DM) compared to C0T0 (82.5 g/kg DM). Both ME content and digestibility were increased in C2T2 (9.18 ME/kg DM and 68.2%) compared to C0T0 (8.86 ME/kg DM and 65.4%). Concluding, under increased temperature and enhanced CO2, both functional traits and certain nutrients and their fractions appear to change in orchard grass.
Systemic inflammatory markers and psychophysical olfactory scores in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: is there any correlation?
Authors: Vaira L A , De Vito A , Deiana G , Pes C , Giovanditto F , Fiore V , Lechien J R , Saussez S , Policicchio D , Boccaletti R , Madeddu G , Babudieri S , Pazzola A , Bandiera F , Fois A G , Piana A F , Hopkins C , De Riu G 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the correlations between olfactory psychophysical scores and the serum levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.MethodsPatients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test, and determination of blood serum levels of the inflammatory markers D-dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio within 10 days of the clinical onset of coronavirus disease 2019 and 60 days after.ResultsSeventy-seven patients were included in this study. D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated significantly with severe coronavirus disease 2019. No significant correlations were found between baseline and 60-day Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test scores and the inflammatory markers assessed.ConclusionOlfactory disturbances appear to have little prognostic value in predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 compared to D-dimer, ferritin, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The lack of correlation between the severity and duration of olfactory disturbances and serum levels of inflammatory markers seems to further suggest that the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the loss of smell in coronavirus disease 2019 patients are related to local rather than systemic inflammatory factors.
Afforestation, Propaganda, and Agency: The case of Hangzhou in Mao's China
Authors: HE QILIANG 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the afforestation movement in the West Lake area in Mao's China (1949–1976). I argue that this campaign was, by its nature, propagandistic, for it created a narrative of a deforested China before 1949 and a greener land after 1949 to serve the purpose of justifying China's new political system and popularizing socialist ideologies. Hence, such projects helped to define what socialism was in China and thereby solicited the participation of the general population. This afforestation project, engineered to legitimize the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) rule in China both domestically and internationally, was, however, marred by both human and non-human actors. Local inhabitants who were intent upon protecting their own private properties vis-à-vis the collectivizing state, poachers who illegally felled trees for firewood and timber, and tea growers who were keen on expanding their tea plantations at the cost of mountain forests sabotaged the CCP's afforestation efforts. Meanwhile, various pests contributed to the massive death of newly planted trees and prompted local cadres and citizens to adjust afforestation policies throughout Mao's times. I argue that human and non-human actors possessed non-purposive agency—that is, agency not driven by their intentions and purposes but defined by their actions—to affect, deflect, and undercut the CCP's political agendas.
Know Your Rights: The (un)making of the colonial legal subjects in rural North India, circa 1770–1857
Authors: FEI DU 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the entanglement of administration, education, and law in North India under early British rule. While there exists extensive discussion on each of these three themes, historians have not paid enough attention to the processes in which, by the mid-nineteenth century, the official minds of the East India Company gradually came to imagine its revenue administration in North India at the institutional intersection of state bureaucracy, village schools, and the law courts. I will argue in this article that through this intersection of knowledge/law-making, the Company wished to foster an ‘enlightened’ but simultaneously obedient subjecthood among the Indian rural population. The contested relationship between the state, the local Indian officials, and the villagers in general, however, thwarted this patronizing ambition.
The problems with delay discounting: a critical review of current practices and clinical applications
Authors: Bailey Allen J. , Romeu Ricardo J. , Finn Peter R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDelay discounting paradigms have gained widespread popularity across clinical research. Given the prevalence in the field, researchers have set lofty expectations for the importance of delay discounting as a key transdiagnostic process and a ‘core’ process underlying specific domains of dysfunction (e.g. addiction). We believe delay discounting has been prematurely reified as, in and of itself, a core process underlying psychological dysfunction, despite significant concerns with the construct validity of discounting rates. Specifically, high delay discounting rates are only modestly related to measures of psychological dysfunction and therefore are not ‘core’ to these more complex behavioral problems. Furthermore, discounting rates do not appear to be specifically related to any disorder(s) or dimension(s) of psychopathology. This raises fundamental concerns about the utility of discounting, if the measure is only loosely associated with most forms of psychopathology. This stands in striking contrast to claims that discounting can serve as a ‘marker’ for specific disorders, despite never demonstrating adequate sensitivity or specificity for any disorder that we are aware of. Finally, empirical evidence does not support the generalizability of discounting rates to other decisions made either in the lab or in the real-world, and therefore discounting rates cannot and should not serve as a summary measure of an individual's decision-making patterns. We provide recommendations for improving future delay discounting research, but also strongly encourage researchers to consider whether the empirical evidence supports the field's hyper-focus on discounting.
The politics of GCSE English Language
Authors: Verhoeven Babette 
Published: June 2021

In 2015, England saw the introduction of a new GCSE English Language, as part of changes to the National Curriculum (NC). At the time, concerns about and protests against the proposed new GCSE English Literature were widely reported (Kennedy, 2014; Tickle, 2013), while the proposed new GCSE English Language attracted less popular attention and criticism. However, GCSE Results Day on the 22nd of August 2019 saw criticism about English Language taking centre stage (Andrews, 2019; Leedham, 2019). The main concerns are that:
1.the exams for GCSE English Language are too difficult for a significant number of students, without any real alternative English qualification on offer;2.students aged 16–19 who fail to achieve at least a Grade 4 (pass) are required to re-take their GCSE English Language;3.the repetitive, narrow focus of the GCSE English Language course itself means that significantly fewer students are taking up English Language at A level (Leedham, 2019; Whittaker, 2019).
Enough is too much: the excessiveness objection to sufficientarianism
Authors: Knight Carl 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe standard version of sufficientarianism maintains that providing people with enough, or as close to enough as is possible, is lexically prior to other distributive goals. This article argues that this is excessive – more than distributive justice allows – in four distinct ways. These concern the magnitude of advantage, the number of beneficiaries, responsibility and desert, and above-threshold distribution. Sufficientarians can respond by accepting that providing enough unconditionally is more than distributive justice allows, instead balancing sufficiency against other considerations.
I, Trolley: Self-Redirection and Hybrid Trolley Cases
Authors: Locke Dustin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile it is permissible to switch the trolley in the classic Switch case, it is not permissible to push the stranger in the classic Footbridge (aka, ‘Push’) case. But what may we do in cases that offer both a ‘switch-like’ option and a ‘push-like’ option? Surprisingly, we may choose the push-like option, provided that it has better consequences than the switch-like option. We arrive at this conclusion by taking ourselves seriously – not just as agents who might redirect threats – but as threats who might be redirected by agents.
James Croll – a man ‘greater far than his work’
Authors: EDWARDS Kevin J. , ROBINSON Mike 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPopular and scholarly information concerning the life of James Croll has been accumulating slowly since the death in 1890 of the self-taught climate change pioneer. The papers in the current volume offer thorough assessments of topics associated with Croll's work, but this contribution seeks to provide a personal context for an understanding of James Croll the man, as well as James Croll the scholar of sciences and religion. Using archival as well as published sources, emphasis is placed upon selected components of his life and some of the less recognised features of his biography. These include his family history, his many homes, his health, participation in learned societies and attitudes to collegiality, financial problems including the failed efforts to secure a larger pension, and friendship. Life delivered a mixture of ‘trials and sorrows’, but it seems clear from the affection and respect accorded him that many looked upon James Croll as a ‘man greater far than his work’.
Rejecting Non-Paternalist Motivation: An Experimental Test
Authors: Chen Xianwen , Schøyen Øivind 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIs people’s willingness to implement their fairness views on a group dependent on how many in the group share their view? We designed a new experiment to answer this question. Spectator participants were asked how many other participants they believe share their view of whether it is fair to redistribute income in a work task. They were then given the option to pay two cents to implement the distribution they found fair upon a pair of participants who had completed the work task. Although spectator participants systematically overestimate how many share their fairness view, being informed about the true number does not affect their decision to implement the distribution they found fair. The results suggest that people are motivated to implement their fairness view regardless of whether their view is at odds with that of those who are affected.