bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant breast cancer treatments cardiotoxicity and modern methods of detection and prevention of cardiac complications
Authors: Bikiewicz Agata , Banach Maciej , von Haehling Stephan , Maciejewski Marek , Bielecka‐Dabrowa Agata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe most common cancer diagnosis in female population is breast cancer, which affects every year about 2.0 million women worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been made in oncological therapy, in systemic treatment, and in radiotherapy of breast cancer. Unfortunately, the improvement in the effectiveness of oncological treatment and prolonging patients' life span is associated with more frequent occurrence of organ complications, which are side effects of this treatment. Current recommendations suggest a periodic monitoring of the cardiovascular system in course of oncological treatment. The monitoring includes the assessment of occurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in combination with the evaluation of the left ventricular systolic function using echocardiography and electrocardiography as well as with the analysis of the concentration of cardiac biomarkers. The aim of this review was critical assessment of the breast cancer therapy cardiotoxicity and the analysis of methods its detections. The new cardio‐specific biomarkers in serum, the development of modern imaging techniques (Global Longitudinal Strain and Three‐Dimensional Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction) and genotyping, and especially their combined use, may become a useful tool for identifying patients at risk of developing cardiotoxicity, who require further cardiovascular monitoring or cardioprotective therapy.
Feasibility of remote speech analysis in evaluation of dynamic fluid overload in heart failure patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment
Authors: Amir Offer , Anker Stefan D. , Gork Ittamar , Abraham William T. , Pinney Sean P. , Burkhoff Daniel , Shallom Ilan D. , Haviv Ronit , Edelman Elazer R. , Lotan Chaim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the ability of a voice analysis application to discriminate between wet and dry states in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients undergoing regular scheduled haemodialysis treatment due to volume overload as a result of their chronic renal failure.Methods and resultsIn this single‐centre, observational study, five patients with CHF, peripheral oedema of ≥2, and pulmonary congestion‐related dyspnoea, undergoing haemodialysis three times per week, recorded five sentences into a standard smartphone/tablet before and after haemodialysis. Recordings were provided that same noon/early evening and the next morning and evening. Patient weight was measured at the hospital before and after each haemodialysis session. Recordings were analysed by a smartphone application (app) algorithm, to compare speech measures (SMs) of utterances collected over time. On average, patients provided recordings throughout 25.8 ± 3.9 dialysis treatment cycles, resulting in a total of 472 recordings. Weight changes of 1.95 ± 0.64 kg were documented during cycles. Median baseline SM prior to dialysis was 0.87 ± 0.17, and rose to 1.07 ± 0.15 following the end of the dialysis session, at noon (P = 0.0355), and remained at a similar level until the following morning (P = 0.007). By the evening of the day following dialysis, SMs returned to baseline levels (0.88 ± 0.19). Changes in patient weight immediately after dialysis positively correlated with SM changes, with the strongest correlation measured the evening of the dialysis day [slope: −0.40 ± 0.15 (95% confidence interval: −0.71 to −0.10), P = 0.0096].ConclusionsThe fluid‐controlled haemodialysis model demonstrated the ability of the app algorithm to identify cyclic changes in SMs, which reflected bodily fluid levels. The voice analysis platform bears considerable potential as a harbinger of impending fluid overload in a range of clinical scenarios, which will enhance monitoring and triage efforts, ultimately optimizing remote CHF management.
Regaining Lost Protections: Status of the Revisions to the Canadian Fisheries Act
Authors: Imhof JG , Lapointe NW , Metikosh S , Hasler CT 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Fisheries Act (Act), a long-standing Act protecting fisheries in Canada, was changed in 2012 to redefine its central purpose to the management of fisheries in Canada. Along with this refocus were changes that appeared to reduce protections for habitat and all fish. After an outcry by scientists, Indigenous peoples, and environmental organizations, the Act was revised in 2019 to “restore lost protections” thought to have been lost in the 2012 changes. To a large degree most of the “lost protections” have been restored, while other portions of the 2012 Act have been maintained. Challenges remain under the amended Act in efficiently implementing development and conservation projects while achieving the newly clarified purpose of the Act—the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat.
Providers' perspectives on the performance of primary healthcare centres in India: The missing link
Authors: Bangalore Sathyananda Rajeshwari , Krumeich Anja , Manjunath Usha , de Rijk Angelique , van Schayck C. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary healthcare centres (PHCs) form the foundation of the Indian public health system, and thus their effective functioning is paramount in ensuring the population's health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has set six aspects of performance assessment for general health systems, which are hardly applicable to the PHC setup in a low‐ and middle‐income country. The Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) has prescribed a framework with five domains consisting of 36 indicators for primary healthcare performance assessment from a policy point of view. For the assessment to be realistic, it should include inputs from stakeholders involved in care delivery, so this study examines the perspectives of healthcare providers at PHCs in India.MethodologyThe authors used qualitative research methodology in the form of responsive evaluations of healthcare provider's interviews to understand the indicators of PHC performance.Results and ConclusionThe study results showed that healthcare providers considered efficient teamwork, opportunities for enhancing provider skills and knowledge, job satisfaction, effective PHC administration, and good community relationship as PHC performance assessment. These domains of performance could be considered the ‘missing link’ in PHC assessment, since they are deemed important by providers and did not coincide with the WHO aspects and the PHCPI performance assessment framework.
Present as a partner and a parent: Mothers’ and fathers’ perspectives on father participation in prenatal care
Authors: Walsh Tova B. , Carpenter Emma , Costanzo Molly A. , Howard Lanikque , Reynders Rachel 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTSupportive father involvement during pregnancy can positively impact maternal and child outcomes. Father participation in prenatal care is increasing, yet little research exists to understand how mothers and fathers experience father participation in prenatal care and their preferences for father participation. We interviewed expectant first‐time mothers (N = 22) and fathers (N = 20) to learn about fathers’ participation in prenatal care, perceptions of providers’ treatment of fathers, and preferences for father participation. Interviews were coded using principles of grounded theory. Father participation ranged from attendance at visits considered “important” (e.g., ultrasounds) to attendance at every appointment. Experiences of father participation varied, with many describing it as both an important act of support for the mother and part of assuming the role of father. Most participants saw great value in father participation in prenatal care as an opportunity for fathers to learn how to support a healthy pregnancy, bond with their developing baby, and share joy and/or worries with mothers. Participants generally felt that fathers were made to feel welcome and wanted providers to be inclusive of fathers during appointments. Results of this study suggest that father participation presents an opportunity for prenatal care providers to foster fathers’ positive involvement in pregnancy, support for mothers, and preparation to parent.
Sapropterin dihydrochloride therapy in dihydropteridine reductase deficiency: Insight from the first case with molecular diagnosis in Brazil
Authors: Lourenço Charles Marques , Dovidio Janaina , Lopes Isabela F. , Silva Laís C. , Almeida Marcela , Vagnini Laura , Fonseca Jacqueline , Carneiro Zumira A. , Thöny Beat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a cofactor that participates in the biogenesis reactions of a variety of biomolecules, including l‐tyrosine, l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, nitric oxide, and glycerol. Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR, EC 1.5.1.34) is an enzyme involved in the BH4 regeneration. DHPR deficiency (DHPRD) is an autosomal recessive disorder, leading to severe and progressive neurological manifestations, which cannot be exclusively controlled by l‐phenylalanine (l‐Phe) restricted diet. In fact, the supplementation of neurotransmitter precursors is more decisive in the disease management, and the administration of sapropterin dihydrochloride may also provide positive effects. From the best of our knowledge, there is limited information regarding DHPRD in the past 5 years in the literature. Here, we describe the medical journey of the first patient to have DHPRD confirmed by molecular diagnostic methods in Brazil. The patient presented with two pathogenic variants of the quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) gene—which codes for the DHPR protein, one containing the in trans missense mutation c.515C>T (pPro172Leu) in exon 5 and the other containing the same type of mutation in the exon 7 (c.635T>C [p.Phe212Ser]). The authors discuss their experience with sapropterin dihydrochloride for the treatment of DHPRD in this case report.
Impact of right atrial structural remodeling on recurrence after ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Takagi Takahito , Nakamura Keijiro , Asami Masako , Toyoda Yasutake , Enomoto Yoshinari , Moroi Masao , Noro Mahito , Sugi Kaoru , Nakamura Masato 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling; however, its association with right atrial (RA) remodeling remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify whether RA structural remodeling could predict recurrence of AF after PVI.MethodsThis study prospectively analyzed 245 patients with AF who had undergone PVI. RA and LA volumes were determined by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. Atrial structural remodeling was defined as an atrial volume of ≥110 mL according to previous reports and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsAfter excluding 32 patients, 213 patients were analyzed. During a follow‐up period of 12 months, 41 patients (19%) demonstrated atrial arrhythmia recurrence after PVI. With the Cox proportional‐hazards model, RA structural remodeling was the only predictor of arrhythmia recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.012; 95% confidence interval 1.003‐1.021; P = .009). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that arrhythmia recurrence was more frequent in the RA structural remodeling group compared with the group without RA remodeling (log‐rank, P < .001), and the arrhythmia‐free survival rates in these groups at 12 months were 68.0% and 91.4%, respectively. Additionally, there was a significant difference in recurrence‐free survival after RA structural remodeling in each type of AF (log‐rank, P < .001).ConclusionsRA structural remodeling is a useful predictor of clinical outcome after PVI regardless of the type of AF. Our results suggest that patients without RA structural remodeling may be good candidates for successful ablation with PVI.
In situ backside Raman spectroscopy of zinc oxide nanorods in an atmospheric‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Knust Steffen , Ruhm Lukas , Kuhlmann Andreas , Meinderink Dennis , Bürger Julius , Lindner Jörg K. N. , de los Arcos de Pedro Maria Teresa , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work presents in situ backside Raman spectroscopy as a method for the investigation of atmospheric‐pressure plasma modification of thin oxide films on metals. By using the backside of a permeable electrode, various contributions from the plasma (UV radiation, electrons, etc.) are blocked, which allows us to solely evaluate the effect of the plasma effluent. This approach is applied to study the influence of different gas mixtures (Ar, Ar/H2O, and Ar/O2) on the plasma treatment of zinc oxide nanorod films. The spectral analysis reveals the interaction of the plasma effluent with the zinc sublattice, introducing defects dependent on the plasma gas‐phase composition. The in situ measurements show that both the effluent/surface interaction and the resulting defects induce lattice stress in the wurtzite structure. Ex situ Raman measurements demonstrate that the defect stability over time depends on the defect type. The results for the dielectric barrier discharge plasma modification of ZnO‐nanostructured thin films indicate that the presented Raman spectroscopic setup is suitable for a variety of systems with a focus on remote plasma modifications.
Active‐matrix mesh electronics thin‐film‐transistor arrays for biometrics‐under‐display and biomedical applications
Authors: Kronemeijer Auke Jisk , Peeters Bart , de Haas Gerard , Verbeek Roy , Bel Thijs , van de Laar Robert , Ugalde Lopez Leslye Astrid , Peters Laurens C. J. M. , Gelinck Gerwin H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA monolithic manufacturing process is presented for the realization of active‐matrix meshed thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) arrays on foil with physical voids between pixels, realizing membrane‐like electronic arrays. The process is scalable to large‐area substrates and enables (improved performance of) biometrics‐under‐display applications. Moreover, membrane‐like TFT arrays provide opportunities for the use of TFT technology, and broader large‐area thin‐film electronics, in new applications in the domain of biomedical electronics, as demonstrated by example use cases of in vivo electrophysiology of the brain as well as in vitro electrophysiology in smart microwell plates.
Simultaneous T2 and mapping of multiple sclerosis lesions with radial RARE‐EPI
Authors: Herrmann Carl J. J. , Els Antje , Boehmert Laura , Periquito Joao , Eigentler Thomas Wilhelm , Millward Jason M. , Waiczies Sonia , Kuchling Joseph , Paul Friedemann , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe characteristic MRI features of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions make it conceptually appealing to pursue parametric mapping techniques that support simultaneous generation of quantitative maps of 2 or more MR contrast mechanisms. We present a modular rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE)‐EPI hybrid that facilitates simultaneous T2 and mapping (2in1‐RARE‐EPI).MethodsIn 2in1‐RARE‐EPI the first echoes in the echo train are acquired with a RARE module, later echoes are acquired with an EPI module. To define the fraction of echoes covered by the RARE and EPI module, an error analysis of T2 and was conducted with Monte Carlo simulations. Radial k‐space (under)sampling was implemented for acceleration (R = 2). The feasibility of 2in1‐RARE‐EPI for simultaneous T2 and mapping was examined in a phantom study mimicking T2 and relaxation times of the brain. For validation, 2in1‐RARE‐EPI was benchmarked versus multi spin‐echo (MSE) and multi gradient‐echo (MGRE) techniques. The clinical applicability of 2in1‐RARE‐EPI was demonstrated in healthy subjects and MS patients.ResultsThere was a good agreement between T2/ values derived from 2in1‐RARE‐EPI and T2/ reference values obtained from MSE and MGRE in both phantoms and healthy subjects. In patients, MS lesions in T2 and maps deduced from 2in1‐RARE‐EPI could be just as clearly delineated as in reference maps calculated from MSE/MGRE.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of radially (under)sampled 2in1‐RARE‐EPI for simultaneous T2 and mapping in MS patients.
Farm simulation platforms increase undergraduate skills and confidence in decision‐support technologies
Authors: Basche Andrea , Krupek Fernanda Souza , Chatterjee Nilovna , Speth Carol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs agriculture increasingly moves into a digital realm, it is important for future professionals to gain experience with predictive and computer‐based technologies. Farm simulation platforms can be efficient tools for crop management and natural resources courses, yet limited research has demonstrated their efficacy in undergraduate education. We implemented a module utilizing a farm simulation platform in a high enrollment undergraduate crop management course. The module included asynchronous video content and four synchronous course periods with activities related to crop planting dates, water cycling with different crop rotations, fertilizer impacts on yield and environment, as well as a competition activity to optimize profit with different management considerations. In our assessments, we found that students increased knowledge and confidence in how to use the software, awareness of related simulation platforms, how to make data‐driven crop management decisions as well as how to develop and test hypotheses. Students reported learning a range of skills, including how to utilize the software to understanding the impact of crop management on yield, and specifically noted that these skills would be beneficial for future careers in farming, consulting, business, or policy. Additionally, students reported challenges such as difficulties with data interpretation and software use. For successful implementation of similar modules, we recommend providing students with a step‐by‐step activity manual, ensuring adequate teaching team support, and developing a supportive classroom environment. Our results demonstrate that farm simulation platforms can be successfully implemented into undergraduate courses to support students in navigating technologies beneficial for future careers.
Real-WorldClinical Outcomes in Biological Subgroups of Breast Cancer in the Hospital District of Southwest Finland
Authors: Teerenhovi Heli , Tuominen Samuli , Nurmi-Rantala Susanna , Hemmilä Päivikki , Ellonen Antti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundComparing breast cancer survival trends globally, Finland is among the top three countries in Europe. However, outcome data on breast cancer subgroups in the Finnish population are limited. This retrospective, registry-based study aimed to assess patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of different breast cancer subgroups in early (EBC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in a real-life clinical setting.Materials and MethodsThe study consisted of 6,977 adult, female patients with breast cancer diagnosed in Southwest Finland during 2005–2018. Patients were divided into four mutually exclusive groups: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+), triple negative, HER2−/hormone receptor positive (HR+), and HER2 and/or HR status unknown, and further into patients with EBC and MBC. Overall survival (OS) was assessed as a clinical outcome, as well as the following real-world (rw) clinical outcomes: disease-free survival (rwDFS), progression-free survival (rwPFS), and distant recurrence-free interval (rwDRFI).ResultsWithin EBC, 5-year survival was the highest (88%) in HER2−/HR+, followed by 85% in HER2+, and 75% in triple negative. The rwDFS varied significantly in EBC (5-year rwDFS HER2 -/HR+, HER2+, triple negative: 87%, 80%, 71% respectively). In MBC, median survival was 2 years for both HER2−/HR+ and HER2+ and markedly shorter for triple negative (0.8 years). Independent predictors of mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.1), other subgroups than HER2−/HR+ (HR, 1.2–1.9), metastatic disease (HR, 9.8), and other malignancies (HR, 2.7).ConclusionThis registry-based study demonstrates significant differences in breast cancer outcomes on the subgroup level, as well as poorer outcomes compared with clinical trials, giving complementary insight on clinical characteristics in an unselected patient population.Implications for PracticeThis retrospective, registry-based study assessed the clinical outcomes of different breast cancer subgroups in 6,977 adult, female patients with breast cancer diagnosed in Southwest Finland during 2005–2018. Results demonstrated significant variation in the survival between subgroups in both early breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer, as well as differences between unselected patients representing the standard of care and randomized clinical trials. Although, according to the global comparison of survival trends, the net survival of patients with breast cancer in Finland is generally high, there is great variation between subgroups. These real-life breast cancer data provide tools to further evaluate medical need in different breast cancer subgroups.
Theoretical characterization of the temperature‐dependent ultimate tensile strength of short‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Yang Mengqing , Li Weiguo , Li Ying , Zhang Xuyao , Zhao Ziyuan , He Yi , Dong Pan , Zheng Shifeng , Xu Wenqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShort fiber/polymer composites (SFPCs) are increasingly applied in the field of high‐temperature structures. Its reliability at high temperatures has always been the core issue concerned by researchers. Here, utilizing the Force–Heat Equivalence Energy Density Principle, we developed a physically based model of temperature‐dependent ultimate tensile strength (TDUTS) for SFPCs. This model quantitatively considers the evolution of residual thermal stress, interface, fiber, and matrix performance as temperature increases. Meanwhile, the influence of fiber agglomeration frequently observed in composites and fiber orientation and length distribution is taken into account in the proposed model. The model predictions over a wide temperature range are validated against the experimental data available from the literature, indicating its reasonability and accuracy. The comparison with Kelly–Tyson model and Li's model is also performed. Additionally, the quantitative effects of the fiber agglomeration and interfacial shear strength on the TDUTS are discussed in detail. The present research not only provides an accurate and feasible approach to estimate the TDUTS of SFPCs, but also offers some helpful insights for the fabrication and design of such composites.