bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Technology Based Water Management Action Plan for South Forest Division of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Manivannan S. , Kannan Balaji , Khola O. P. S. , Thilagam V. Kasthuri 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Recent climate change impacts rainfall patterns, increasing wildlife and livestock populations in higher densities, which are likely to aggravate water scarcity in forest areas. A sustainable water management strategy and action plan based on scientific inputs are crucial and need of the hour to resolve the water scarcity problem. Hence, the study aims to prepare an action plan and water management strategy for rangelands of Nilgiris using geospatial tools.
Study Design: Field survey was conducted to identify the existing water storage structures and water requirement and ASTER GDEM and GIS were used to prepare the water management strategies for Nilgiris south forest division.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in Nilgiris south division located in between 760 28' 08’’and 760 44' 08" East longitude and 110 10' 81’’and 110 31' 80" North latitude during 2014-2016.
Methodology: The study area has been delineated as macro watersheds, and the altitude, slope, forest cover and drainage lines were extracted from ASTER GDEM for generation thematic maps. Rainfall data for twenty years (1995-2014) was collected and runoff was worked out using runoff coefficient of a different land. A field survey was conducted for identifying the existing water storage structures, spatial occupancy of herbivores, spread and water requirement of invasive species in the Nilgiris south forest division.
Results: GIS based thematic maps for slope, contour, area coverage under forest range and macro watershed have been prepared, and water availability and water balance components like runoff and evapotranspiration have been determined. After identifying water availability and water balance according to the site conditions and strategies one Earthen cum masonry embankment, 2 Earthen pond with Major check dam, 2 Masonry embankments, 2 Major check dam 7 Medium check dam 100 Minor check dam, 1 RCC Embankment and 99 gabion check dams in South forest division of Nilgiris.
Conclusion: Suitable locations were identified and location specific water harvesting structures have been suggested to store 68844 cum of water.
Determination of Maxillary Incisal Edge Position using Canine Visibility as a Guide – An In vivo Study
Authors: Piplani Ankita , Ganadhipathi G. , Sajjan M. C. Suresh 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the visibility of the central incisor & the canine for the cervico incisal positioning of anterior maxillary teeth related to age & sex while the upper lip was in repose in dentate patients & the development of rehabilitation recommendations for edentulous individuals with regard to the location of the maxillary incisal edge
Methodology: 308 subjects [152 Males & 156 Females] belonging to the age of 30 to 59 years were selected using a simple stratified random technique. There were three age and sex groups: Group I was 30 to 39 years old, Group II was 40 to 49 years old, and Group III was 50 to 59 years old. The vertical distances (in mm) between the lower border of the upper lip and the right maxillary central incisal edge and canine tip were measured and recorded using adhesive tape marked with millimetres. A single examiner recorded all the measurements and the values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Men in Groups I and II had maxillary central incisor exposure ranging from +6 to -1mm, whereas males in Group III had exposure ranging from +5 to -2mm. There was an exposure range of +6 to -2 mm in females in Group I, +7 to -2 mm in Group II, and +5 to -2 mm in Group III for the central incisors. While the canine exposure in Group I and II and Group III ranged from +2 to -4mm in females, the exposure ranged from +3 to -3mm in men of all ages. In all groups, females had statistically significant (P0.05) more central incisor and canine exposure than men.
Conclusions: The canine visibility was less variable in all the age groups and in both males and females in comparison to the central incisor. When restoring edentulous individuals, the average canine exposure dimension can be employed for cervico-incisal location of the anterior maxillary teeth.
A Mechanically Reliable Transparent Antifogging Coating on Polymeric Lenses
Authors: Sun Ye , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Chen Zhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymeric lenses have been increasingly used to replace glass lenses due to advantages of light weight, high refractive index, and ease of making into complicated shapes. However, a severe constraint to their wider application lies with their intrinsic weakness in hardness that can lead to mechanical damages by abrasion. During service, fogging remains another unsolved challenge to optical lenses, which may significantly reduce the users’ visibility or even cause accident. Therefore, it is imperative to develop mechanically reliable and transparent antifogging coating on polymeric lenses. In this work, a two‐step protocol is developed comprising a room‐temperature oxygen plasma treatment of polymer substrate followed by antifogging silica thin film deposition using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The oxygen plasma treatment modifies the surface chemistry to allow a strong adhesion between the polymer substrate and the silica coating. Due to the porous nature of the PLD deposited nanosilica film, the coating also displays an antireflection effect. This mechanically reliable and highly transparent superhydrophilic silica coating opens great opportunity for the eyewear and high precision optics industries.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery in Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jin , Lin Yandai , Lin Zhe , Wei Qi , Qian Jiaqi , Ruan Renjie , Jiang Xiancai , Hou Linxi , Song Jibin , Ding Jianxun , Yang Huanghao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has achieved promising clinical progress over the recent years for its potential to treat metastatic tumors and inhibit their recurrences effectively. However, low patient response rates and dose‐limiting toxicity remain as major dilemmas for immunotherapy. Stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles (srNPs) combined with immunotherapy offer the possibility to amplify anti‐tumor immune responses, where the weak acidity, high concentration of glutathione, overexpressions of enzymes, and reactive oxygen species, and external stimuli in tumors act as triggers for controlled drug release. This review highlights the design of srNPs based on tumor microenvironment and/or external stimuli to combine with different anti‐tumor drugs, especially the immunoregulatory agents, which eventually realize synergistic immunotherapy of malignant primary or metastatic tumors and acquire a long‐term immune memory to prevent tumor recurrence. The authors hope that this review can provide theoretical guidance for the construction and clinical transformation of smart srNPs for controlled drug delivery in synergistic cancer immunotherapy.
Respective Roles of Inner and Outer Carbon in Boosting the K+ Storage Performance of Dual‐Carbon‐Confined ZnSe
Authors: Ruan Jiafeng , Zang Jiahe , Hu Jiaming , Che Renchao , Fang Fang , Wang Fei , Song Yun , Sun Dalin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as potential alternatives for lithium‐ion batteries since there is a demand for better anode with superior energy, excellent rate capability, and long cyclability. The high‐capacity zinc selenide (ZnSe) anode, which combines the merits of conversion and alloying reactions, is promising for PIBs but suffers from poor cyclability and low electronic conductivity. To effectively boost electrochemical performance of ZnSe, a “dual‐carbon‐confined” structure is constructed, in which an inner N‐doped microporous carbon (NMC)‐coated ZnSe wrapped by outer‐rGO (ZnSe@i‐NMC@o‐rGO) is synthesized. Combining finite element simulation, dynamic analysis, and density functional theory calculations, the respective roles of inner‐ and outer‐carbon in boosting performance are revealed. The inner‐NMC increased the reactivity of ZnSe with K+ and alleviated the volume expansion of ZnSe, while outer‐rGO further stabilized the structure and promoted the reaction kinetics. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of dual‐carbon, ZnSe@i‐NMC@o‐rGO exhibited a high specific capacity 233.4 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1. Coupled with activated carbon, a potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor displayed a high energy density of 176.6 Wh kg−1 at 1800 W kg−1 and a superior capacity retention of 82.51% at 2.0 A g−1 after 11000 cycles.
Effect of organic Na+‐montmorillonite on the dielectric and energy storage properties of polypropylene nanocomposites with polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride as compatibilizer
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhao Xuanchen , Xie Junhao , Liu Yan , Sun Shulin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymer‐based dielectrics with excellent energy storage properties are highly desirable as electrical energy storage materials for advanced electronics and electrical power. However, the most maturely commercial film capacitor, biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP), is limited to a wider range of applications due to its low energy storage density. Herein, a one‐step melt blending method was utilized to prepare PP‐based nanocomposites to improve the energy storage performance of PP. Polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) was used as a polar compatibilizer to promote the uniform dispersion of organic Na+‐montmorillonite (org‐MMT) in the PP matrix. Furthermore, the introduction of PP‐g‐MAH improved the dielectric constant of PP nanocomposites and increased charge traps. The org‐MMT enhanced the crystallinity and reduced the crystal size of PP. On the other hand, the layered structure of org‐MMT inhibited electric tree branching and growth. The PP‐based nanocomposites possess a relatively high dielectric constant of 3.35 and an extremely low dielectric loss of 0.0012 at 1000 Hz. The PP/PP‐g‐MAH/org‐MMT nanocomposite with an optimized org‐MMT content (0.2 wt%) exhibited a discharged energy density of 5.2 J/cm3at the electric field of 500 MV/m with a superior charge–discharge efficiency of 93.5%, which were favorable for its application as film capacitor materials.
Edaphic heterogeneity and the evolutionary trajectory of Amazonian plant communities
Authors: Lehtonen Samuli , Muscarella Robert , Moulatlet Gabriel , Balslev Henrik , Tuomisto Hanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated how the phylogenetic structure of Amazonian plant communities varies along an edaphic gradient within the non‐inundated forests. Forty localities were sampled on three terrain types representing two kinds of soil: clayey soils of a high base cation concentration derived from the Solimões formation, and loamy soils with lower base cation concentration derived from the Içá formation and alluvial terraces. Phylogenetic community metrics were calculated for each locality for ferns and palms both with ferns as one group and for each of three fern clades with a crown group age comparable to that of palms. Palm and fern communities showed significant and contrasting phylogenetic signals along the soil gradient. Fern species richness increased but standard effect size of mean pairwise distance (SES.MPD) and variation of pairwise distances (VPD) decreased with increasing soil base cation concentration. In contrast, palm communities were more species rich on less cation‐rich soils and their SES.MPD increased with soil base cation concentration. Species turnover between the communities reflected the soil gradient slightly better when based on species occurrences than when phylogenetic distances between the species were considered. Each of the three fern subclades behaved differently from each other and from the entire fern clade. The fern clade whose phylogenetic patterns were most similar to those of palms also resembled palms in being most species‐rich on cation‐poor soils. The phylogenetic structuring of local plant communities varies along a soil base cation concentration gradient within non‐inundated Amazonian rain forests. Lineages can show either similar or different phylogenetic community structure patterns and evolutionary trajectories, and we suggest this to be linked to their environmental adaptations. Consequently, geological heterogeneity can be expected to translate into a potentially highly diverse set of evolutionarily distinct community assembly pathways in Amazonia and elsewhere.
A minimal resource high‐speed routing lookup mechanism for servers with NetFPGAs
Authors: C. Sankaran Ganesh , Sivalingam Krishna M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper studies how high‐performance computer servers, equipped with Field‐Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), can perform high‐speed routing. In particular, routing table lookup is considered since it is a key packet processing bottleneck for future routers that need to operate at Petabits‐per‐second. The paper defines and evaluates three routing lookup schemes used by routers/switches, using Xilinx NetFPGA SUME programmable data plane hardware boards. Two existing schemes, namely IP address‐based Longest Prefix Matching and Multi‐Protocol Label Switching tag‐based exact matching are implemented. In addition, the paper presents a new routing scheme called No Lookup Forwarding Scheme (NLFS) that does not use conventional lookup tables. The NLFS approach adds a custom routing tag that does not require any form of (forwarding) table lookup, and independent of the Binary/Ternary Content Associate Memory (CAM) capacity in the switch/router. The experimental results show that the NLFS scheme utilizes less FPGA resources, while reducing packet lookup latency by up to 18% against longest prefix match which is the de facto lookup mechanism used in switches. The key contribution of this work is that it enables the use of NetFPGAs to reduce CAM capacity requirements in switches/routers to help reduce memory costs. The proposed scheme has several use cases, including provision of on‐demand increase of packet routing capacity in data center networks and support for Network Function Virtualization‐based systems.
Community Consensus Guidelines to Support FAIR Data Standards in Clinical Research Studies in Primary Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Karaa Amel , MacMullen Laura E. , Campbell John C. , Christodoulou John , Cohen Bruce H. , Klopstock Thomas , Koga Yasutoshi , Lamperti Costanza , van Maanen Rob , McFarland Robert , Parikh Sumit , Rahman Shamima , Scaglia Fernando , Sherman Alexander V. , Yeske Philip , Falk Marni J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) are genetic disorders with extensive clinical and molecular heterogeneity where therapeutic development efforts have faced multiple challenges. Clinical trial design, outcome measure selection, lack of reliable biomarkers, and deficiencies in long‐term natural history data sets remain substantial challenges in the increasingly active PMD therapeutic development space. Developing “FAIR” (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data standards to make data sharable and building a more transparent community data sharing paradigm to access clinical research metadata are the first steps to address these challenges. This collaborative community effort describes the current landscape of PMD clinical research data resources available for sharing, obstacles, and opportunities, including ways to incentivize and encourage data sharing among diverse stakeholders. This work highlights the importance of, and challenges to, developing a unified system that enables clinical research structured data sharing and supports harmonized data deposition standards across clinical consortia and research groups. The goal of these efforts is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of drug development and improve understanding of the natural history of PMD. This initiative aims to maximize the benefit for PMD patients, research, industry, and other stakeholders while acknowledging challenges related to differing needs and international policies on data privacy, security, management, and oversight.
Severe birth injuries in neonates and associated risk factors for injury in mothers with different types of diabetes in Finland
Authors: Kekki Maiju , Tihtonen Kati , Salonen Anne , Koukkula Topias , Gissler Mika , Laivuori Hannele , Huttunen Tuomas T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine severe birth‐related injuries in neonates among mothers with different types of diabetes.MethodsRetrospective cohort study based on Finnish Medical Birth Register data from 2004 to 2017. The study included singleton neonates born vaginally with cephalic presentation (n = 623 649) after 35+0 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome variable was severe birth injury. Incidences, crude and adjusted odds ratios, and probabilities in regression analysis were calculated for different types of diabetes.ResultsThere were 1952/623 649 (0.3%) severe birth injuries of which brachial plexus injury occurred most frequently. The injury incidence was highest in neonates of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, 42/1659 (2.5%) and 10/548 (1.8%), respectively. For gestational diabetes, the injury incidence was comparable to non‐diabetic women: 422/77 810 (0.5%) and 1478/543 632 (0.3%), respectively. Shoulder dystocia, high birthweight, and vacuum‐assisted delivery were associated with the highest probability for injury. Birthweight and obesity had a stronger impact on injury risk in women with pregestational diabetes compared to other pregnancies.ConclusionNeonates of women with pregestational diabetes have a higher risk for severe birth injury than other neonates. The injury risk in neonates delivered by women with gestational diabetes or non‐diabetic women is generally low.
A new taxonomy was developed for overlap across 'overviews of systematic reviews': A meta‐research study of research waste
Authors: Lunny Carole , Reid Emma K. , Neelakant Trish , Chen Alyssa , Zhang Jia He , Shinger Gavindeep , Stevens Adrienne , Tasnim Sara , Sadeghipouya Shadi , Adams Stephen , Zheng Yi Wen , Lin Lester , Yang Pei Hsuan , Dosanjh Manpreet , Ngsee Peter , Ellis Ursula , Shea Beverley J. , Wright James M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple ‘overviews of reviews’ conducted on the same topic (“overlapping overviews”) represent a waste of research resources and can confuse clinicians making decisions amongst competing treatments. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of overlapping overviews. MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for overviews that: synthesized reviews of health interventions and conducted systematic searches. Overlap was defined as: duplication of PICO eligibility criteria, and not reported as an update nor a replication. We categorized overview topics according to 22 WHO ICD‐10 medical classifications, overviews as broad or narrow in scope, and overlap as identical, nearly identical, partial, or subsumed. Subsummation was defined as when broad overviews subsumed the populations, interventions and at least one outcome of another overview. Of 541 overviews included, 169 (31%) overlapped across similar PICO, fell within 13 WHO ICD‐10 medical classifications, and 62 topics. 148/169 (88%) overlapping overviews were broad in scope. Fifteen overviews were classified as having nearly identical overlap (9%); 123 partial overlap (73%), and 31 subsumed (18%) others. One third of overviews overlapped in content and a majority covered broad topic areas. A multiplicity of overviews on the same topic adds to the ongoing waste of research resources, time, and effort across medical disciplines. Authors of overviews can use this study and the sample of overviews to identify gaps in the evidence for future analysis, and topics that are already studied, which do not need to be duplicated.
Generalized Joint Laxity Is Associated With Dynamic Hip Ultrasonography Measures in Female Athlete Patients Who Are Not Hypermobile
Authors: Stracciolini Andrea , Yen Yi‐Meng , Miller Patricia E. , Whitney Kristin E. , Jones Jacob , Novais Eduardo N. , d'Hemecourt Pierre A. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate ultrasound (US) femoroacetabular translation measurements in female athlete patients.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in female athlete patients <50 years. Demographic data, Beighton score/hypermobility status, and sport participation were collected. Hip dysplasia was determined using radiographic measurements (lateral center edge angle, anterior center edge angle, Tönnis angle); femoral version angles were measured with CT or MR. Femoroacetabular translation US measures included neutral (N), neutral flexed (NF), extension external rotation/apprehension (EER) positions. Maximal difference (delta) between US measures was calculated.Results206/349 female hips were analyzed (median age 21.2 years [range, 12–49.5]). The primary sport group was performing arts (45%, 92/206). Mean Beighton score was 5.2 (SD, 2.5) with 61% (129/206) of hips exhibiting hypermobility (Beighton score ≥5). For each additional unit of Beighton score, N US measurement increased by 0.7 mm (β = 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22–1.25; P < .001), NF by 1 mm ( = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.3–1.43; P = .002) and EER by 0.8 mm ( = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.27–1.37; P < .001) when adjusting for age and dysplasia status. A positive correlation was detected between NF (r = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.05–0.33; P = .007) and EER (r = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.05–0.32; P = .01) with Tönnis angle and a negative correlation between the delta and femoral version (r = −0.20; 95% CI = −0.35 to 0.03; P = .02). No difference in US measures was detected across sport groups (N [P = .24], NF [P = .51], EER [P = .20], delta [P = .07]).ConclusionBeighton score was independently associated with dynamic US measures in female athlete patients who are not hypermobile when controlling for other factors.
Application of morphometric and stable isotope analyses for distinguishing domestic and wild geese
Authors: Ehrlich Freydis , Aguraiuja‐Lätti Ülle , Lõugas Lembi , Rannamäe Eve 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvestigating the origins of goose domestication relies on successful identification of this species and, specifically, distinguishing it from its wild, morphologically similar, form. Here we present the first attempt to separate wild and domestic geese recovered from Estonian archaeological assemblages using a combination of morphometrics and stable isotope analysis. To this aim, measurements from 159 archaeological bones were compared with modern specimens. Twenty‐five archaeological samples were chosen for stable isotope analysis based on their morphometrics. The results of this paper show that bones identified as “domestic” by their size and shape had significantly higher δ15N values compared with those identified as “wild.” The higher δ15N could be a result of dietary differences, for example, the role of manured crops and/or animal protein in the diets of domestic geese.