bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
lncRNA-Disease Association Prediction Based On Weight Matrix And Projection Score
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Chao , Du Xiao-xin , Zhang Jian-fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: with the development of medical science, lncRNA, originally considered as a noise gene, has been found to participate in a variety of biological activities. Nowadays, more and more studies show that lncRNA is involved in various human diseases, such as gastric cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, etc. However, obtaining lncRNA-disease association only through biological experiments not only costs manpower and material resources, but also gains little. Therefore, it is very important to develop effective computational models for predicting lncRNA-disease association. Results: In this paper, a new lncRNA-disease association prediction model LDAP-WMPS based on weight distribution and projection score is proposed. Based on the existing research results of disease semantic similarity, the integrated lncRNA similarity matrix and the integrated disease similarity matrix are calculated according to the disease semantic similarity and the association information between data. On this basis, the weight algorithm is combined with the improved projection algorithm to predict the lncRNA-disease association through the known lncRNA-miRNA association and miRNA-disease association. The simulation results show that under the loocv framework, the AUC of LDAP-WMPS can reach 0.8822. Better than the latest results. Through the case study of adenocarcinoma and colorectal cancer, it is proved that LDAP-WMPS can effectively infer lncRNA-disease association. Conclusions: The simulation results show that LDAP-WMPS has good prediction performance, which is an important supplement to the research of lncRNA-disease association prediction without lncRNA-disease association data. Keywords: lncRNA-miRNA association, miRNA-disease association, disease semantic similarity, Integrated lncRNA similarity, integrated disease similarity, Weight allocation algorithm, Projection score.
Sex-differences in COVID-19 associated excess mortality is not exceptional for the COVID-19 pandemic. A population based study from 27 European countries
Authors: Nielsen Jens , Nørgaard Sarah , Lanzieri Giampaolo , Vestergaard Lasse , Moelbak Kaare 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Europe experienced increased mortality from February through June, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with more COVID-19-associated deaths in males compared to females. However, a sex-difference in excess mortality may be a more general phenomenon, and should be investigated in none-COVID-19 situations as well.
Methods

Based on death counts from Eurostat, separate excess mortalities were estimated for each of the sexes using the EuroMOMO algorithm. Sex-differences were expressed as differences in excess mortality incidence rates. A general relation between sex-differences and overall excess mortality both during the COVID-19 pandemic and in preceding seasons were investigated.
Results

Data from 27 European countries were included, covering the seasons 2016/17 to 2019/20. In periods with increased excess mortality, excess was consistently highest among males. From February through May 2020 male excess mortality was 52.7 (95% PI: 56.29; 49.05) deaths per 100,000 person years higher than for females. Increased male excess mortality compared to female was also observed in the seasons 2016/17 to 2018/19. We found a linear relation between sex-differences in excess mortality and overall excess mortality, i.e., 40 additional deaths among males per 100 excess deaths per 100,000 population. This corresponds to an overall female/male mortality incidence ratio of 0.7.
Conclusion

In situations with overall excess mortality, excess mortality increases more for males than females. We suggest that the sex-differences observed during the COVID-19 pandemic reflects a general sex-disparity in excess mortality.
Numerical study of bio-convection flow of magneto-Cross nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms with effective Prandtl number approach
Authors: Hamid Aamir , Khan M. Ijaz , Kumar R. Naveen , Gowda R. J. Punith , Prasannakumara B.C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a mathematical model is developed to scrutinize the transient magnetic flow of Cross nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects. Binary chemical reactions and heat source/sink effects along with convective boundary condition are also taken into the consideration. Apposite similarity transformations are utilized to transform partial differential equations (PDE’s) into ordinary ones and then numerically tackled by shooting method. The Impacts of different emerging parameters on the thermal, concentration, velocity, and micro-rotation profiles are incorporated and discussed in detail by means of graphs. Results reveals that, the escalation in Magnetic parameter and Rayleigh number slowdowns the velocity and momentum of the fluid. The increase in Biot number, radiation and Heat sink/source parameters upsurges the thermal boundary but, converse trend is seen for escalating Prandtl number. The density number of motile microorganisms acts as a growing function of bioconvection Lewis number and declining function of bioconvection Peclet number.
New temperature and oxygen fugacity data of Martian nakhlite from Northwest Africa (NWA) 5790 and implications for sulphur degassing depth
Authors: Wang Zilong , Tian Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Newly analysed titanomagnetite–ilmenite (Tim–Ilm) intergrowths from Martian nakhlite meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 5790 yielded crystallisation temperature up to 1032°C and oxygen fugacity (fO2) up to ΔQFM + 1.6, notably higher than previous estimates for nakhlite magmas (temperature < 950°C, fO2 = ΔQFM-1 to ΔQFM + 1). To interpret how the magma was reduced from ΔQFM-1 to ΔQFM + 1.6, we used D-Compress to model the sulphur degassing process. For fO2 to significantly decrease in this extended range, the sulphur-rich Martian magma had to degas all the sulphur species at a certain final degassing pressure, which was 2–4 bar for NWA 988 and Lafayette and < 0.7 bar for Y-000593 and Nakhla. These final degassing pressure data are in good agreement with the Martian nakhlite burial depth estimated by other petrological and geochemical methods. These estimates are also comparable with the excavation depth of ~ 40 m based on the small (6.5 km in diameter) impact crater over the Elysium lava plain. The fO2-controlled sulphur degassing pressure may constitute a method for estimating the burial depth of sulphur-rich lava flows on Mars.
Efficient Crowd Counting Model using Feature Pyramid Network and ResNeXt
Authors: G Kalyani , B Janakiramaiah , L.V Narasimha Prasad , A Karuna , A Mohan Babu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Crowd counting is one of the most challenging issues in computer vision community for safety and security through surveillance systems. It has extensive range of applications, such as disaster management, surveillance event detection, intelligence gathering and analysis, public safety control, trafﬁc monitoring, design of public spaces, anomaly detection and military. Early approaches still encounter many issues, like non-uniform density distribution, partial occlusion and discrepancies in scale and point of view. To address the above problems, Feature Pyramid Networks are introduced in deep convolution networks for counting the individuals in the Crowd. The designed network has extracted the features at all resolutions and is constructed rapidly from only one input image. This method achieves out-performance results compared to the well-known networks on three demanding standard crowd counting datasets.
Characterization of Thrust Force, Temperature, Chip Morphology and Power in Ultrasonic-assisted Drilling of Aluminium 6061
Authors: Moghaddas Amin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a special resolution V design and Response surface methodology (RSM) were used to characterize the ultrasonic-assisted drilling (UAD) process of Aluminum 6061. This characterization was done through developing mathematical models to study the effect of ultrasonic and drilling parameters including spindle speed, feed rate and amplitude on thrust force, temperature, chip morphology and power. The tests were done using an industrially hardened non-rotating UAD system mounted in a CNC turning center. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find significant parameters of thrust force, temperature, chip morphology and power. Then, for all responses, the optimum drilling parameters that provide desired solutions for all responses were obtained. This was followed by out-of-sample testing to verify the accuracy of the developed models. The results of this study showed that in UAD of aluminum, the minimum values of thrust force and chip size were obtained at low spindle speed, low feed rate and high amplitude. The results also showed that amplitude was not a significant parameter affecting the tool temperature and cannot be used to analyze the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on generated heat during UAD. Instead, the interaction of amplitude and feed rate was significant and should be considered in the analysis. Finally, minimum consumed power, specially at higher amplitudes, can be obtained using high spindle speed and low feed rate.
A Comparison of Infectious Outcomes Between In-Office Transperineal Prostate Biopsies Without Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Transrectal Prostate Biopsies
Authors: Islam Majdee , Silva Rodrigo Donalisio Da , Quach Alan , Gustafson Diedra , Nogueira Leticia , Clark Nathan , Kim Fernando J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To describe our experience with office-based transperineal biopsy (TPB) without antibiotics compared to transrectal biopsy (TRB) with antibiotics and bowel preparation. The literature elicits comparable cancer detection, time, and cost between the two. As antibiotic resistance increases, antimicrobial stewardship is imperative. Methods: In our retrospective review, we compared the TPB to TRB in our institution for in-office prostate biopsies with local anesthesia from 06/2017-06/2019. Patients had negative urinalysis on day of procedure. Patients presenting with symptoms concerning for UTI followed by positive urine culture were determined to have a UTI. Results: Two hundred twenty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Age, race, BMI, pre-procedure PSA, history of UTI, BPH or other GU history were similar between both groups. Two TPB patients (1.8%) had post-procedure UTI; one received oral antibiotics and one received a dose of intravenous and subsequent oral antibiotics. There were no sepsis events or admissions. Six TRB patients (5.4%) had post-procedure UTI; five received oral antibiotics, and one received intravenous antibiotics and required admission for sepsis. One TPB patient (0.9%) had post-procedure retention and required catheterization, while four TRB patients (3.6%) had retention requiring catheterization. No significant difference noted in cancer detection between the two groups. Conclusion: In-office TPB without antibiotic prophylaxis/bowel prep is comparable to TRB in regard to safety and cancer detection. TPB without antibiotics had a lower infection and retention rate than TRB with antibiotics. Efforts to reduce antibiotic resistance should be implemented into daily practice. Future multi-institutional studies can provide further evidence for guideline changes.
Extending the straight leg raise test for improved clinical evaluation of sciatica: validity and diagnostic performance with reference to the magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Pesonen Janne , Shacklock Michael , Suomalainen Juha-Sampo , Karttunen Lauri , Mäki Jussi , Airaksinen Olavi , Rade Marinko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The straight leg raise test (SLR) is one of the most utilized and studied physical tests in patients with low back pain (LBP) for the detection of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), showing high sensitivity and heterogeneous or low specificity. The high incidence of asymptomatic ‘pathologic’ findings in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may cause verification bias to these results. We added location-specific structural differentiation movements to the traditional SLR for it to better differentiate neural symptoms from musculoskeletal. Previously, the ESLR has shown almost perfect interrater reliability between examiners and ability to detect sciatic patients. In this study, we investigated whether a ’positive’ ESLR finding predicts pathology seen on MRI.Methods: 40 subjects comprised the study population, 20 in sciatic group and 20 in control group. The ESLR was performed ‘blinded’ to the subjects. After the ESLR, each subject’s lumbar MRI was evaluated. The MRIs were analyzed independently by 2 senior radiologists and a spine specialist clinician. The ESLR and MRI results were cross-tabulated. To obtain the odds ratio (OR) with positive ESLR or SLR results for LDH or nerve root compression (NC), a binary logistic regression analysis with subjects’ age, gender, height and weight was performed. ESLR’s validity was assessed by combination of interrater agreement and percentage prevalence of both LDH and NC.Results: Of sciatic (ESLR+) patients, 85% had LDH and 75% NC in the MRI. Not surprisingly, MRI showed a very high incidence of ‘false-positive’ findings with the ESLR negative group. The ESLR showed 0.85 sensitivity and 0.45 specificity for LDH and 0.75 sensitivity and 0.50 specificity for NC. A positive result in the ESLR was found to be highly predictive for both LDH and NC: the OR was 8.0 (p=0.028) and 5.6 (p=0.041), respectively. Conclusion: The ESLR shows high validity in detecting neural symptoms and pathology seen in the MRI when judged positive. We suggest the use of ESLR in clinical practice, where it may prove to be a valuable tool in detecting patients with sciatic symptoms.
Quantum electron liquid and its possible phase transition
Authors: Kim Sunghun , Bang Joonho , Lim Chan-young , Lee Seung Yong , Hyun Jounghoon , Lee Gyubin , Lee Yeonghoon , Denlinger Jonathan , Huh Soonsang , Kim Changyoung , Kim Seong-Gon , Lee Young Hee , Kim Yeong Kwan , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pure quantum electrons render intriguing correlated electronic phases by virtue of quantum fluctuations in addition to an exclusive electron-electron interaction. To realise such quantum electron systems, a key ingredient is dense electrons decoupled from other degrees of freedom. Here, we report the discovery of a pure quantum electron liquid, which spreads up to ~ 3 Å in the vacuum on the surface of electride crystal. An extremely high electron density and its scant hybridization with underneath atomic orbitals evidence quantum and pure nature of electrons, exhibiting polarized liquid phase demonstrated by spin-dependent measurement. Further, upon reducing the density, the dynamics of quantum electrons drastically changes to that of non-Fermi liquid along with an anomalous band deformation, manifesting a possible transition to a hexatic liquid crystalline phase. Our findings cultivate the frontier of quantum electron systems, which serve as an ideal platform for exploring the correlated electronic phases in a pure manner.
Comparative Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccination With PPV23 and PCV13 in COPD Patients Over a 5-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study
Authors: Ignatova Galina L. , Avdeev Sergey N. , Antonov Vladimir Nikolayevich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the most effective measures for preventing pneumonia and reducing the rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of PCV13 and PPV23 for preventing pneumonia and COPD exacerbations.MethodsThe open-label, prospective, observational cohort study involved 302 male patients aged ≥45 years: PCV13 group (n=123); PPV23 group (n=32); and vaccine-naïve group (n=147). The primary endpoint included the frequency of pneumonia episodes and COPD exacerbations per year over a 5-year follow-up period. The secondary endpoints included the dynamics of dyspnea severity (MMRC), the BODE index, FEV1, the CAT index, the SGRQ score, and the results of 6-min walk test.ResultsVaccination with PCV13 and PPV23 significantly reduces the total rate of pneumonia during the first year after vaccination. Starting with the second year, clinical effectiveness in PPV23 group decreases compared with both PCV13 group and vaccine-naïve patients. Pneumonia by year 5 after vaccination were registered in versus 47% of patients in the PPV23 group 3.3% of patients in the PCV13 group (p<0.001); COPD exacerbations – in 81.3% versus 23.6%, respectively (p<0.001). Vaccination with PCV13 significantly reduced and maintained the BODE index over the 5-year follow-up period.ConclusionAlthough both vaccines have comparable clinical effects during the first year after vaccination, only PCV13 is characterized by persistent clinical effectiveness during the 5-year follow-up period. Patients older than 55 years on PPV23 have significantly higher risks of having pneumonia episodes more frequently during the long-term follow-up.
The Effect of Deposition Angle and Thickness on Structural and Optical Properties of Manganese Oxide Thin Films
Authors: moghtaderi Amin , kangarlou haleh , razzazi Vahedeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Manganese oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates by resistive evaporation at room temperature. The layers were produced with electron gun evaporation method under ultra-high vacuum condition. Thickness of the layers was measured 60 and 120 nm, by a quartz crystal method. Deposition conditions such as deposition rate, vacuum pressure, incidence of angle and substrate temperature were the same for all layers. After producing pure manganese oxide layers a post-annealing method was used in the presence of a uniform oxygen flow of 300 (sccm) and at 320 oC annealing temperature. Optical reflectance and transmittance of the layers were measured in the wavelength of 350–850 nm by a spectrophotometer. Kramers–Kronig relations were used to calculate the optical constant. The influence of annealing temperature and oxygen flow on optical properties is investigated. It was found that film thickness and deposition angle plays an important role on the nanostructures as well as optical properties of layers and cause significant variations in behavior of thin titanium oxide films. The physical properties of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, AFM, EDX, and UV-Vis techniques.
Proliferating droplets formed via prebiotic polymerisation:
the missing link between chemistry and biology on the origin of life
Authors: Matsuo Muneyuki , Kurihara Kensuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hypothesis that prebiotic molecules were transformed into polymers that evolved into proliferating molecular assemblages and eventually a primitive cell was first proposed about a hundred years ago. However, no proliferating model prebiotic system has yet been realised because different conditions are required for polymer generation and self-assembly of polymers. In this study, we identified conditions suitable for concurrent peptide generation and self-assembly, and we showed how a proliferating peptide-based droplet could be created by using synthesised amino acid thioesters as prebiotic monomers. Oligopeptides generated from the monomers spontaneously formed droplets through liquid–liquid phase separation in water. The droplets underwent a steady growth–division cycle by periodic addition of monomers through autocatalytic self-reproduction. Heterogeneous enrichment of RNA and lipids within droplets enabled RNA to protect the droplet from dissolution by lipids. These results provide experimental platforms for origin-of-life research and open up novel directions in peptide-based material development.
Multiomics Investigation of Hypertension and White Matter Hyperintensity as a Source of Vascular Dementia or a Comorbidity to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pathak Gita A. , Barber Robert C. , Phillips Nicole R. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Age-related comorbidity is common and significantly increases the burden
for the healthcare of the elderly. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and hypertension are the two most
prevalent age-related conditions and are highly comorbid. While hypertension is a risk factor for
vascular dementia (VD), hypertension with AD (ADHyp+) is often characterized as probable vascular
dementia. In the absence of imaging and other diagnostic tests, differentiating the two pathological
states is difficult.

Objective:
Our goals are to (1) identify differences in CSF-based vascular dementia profiles, if any,
between individuals who have AD only (ADHyp-), and individuals with ADHyp+ using CSF levels
of amyloid β, tau and p-tau, and (2) compare genome-wide DNA profiles of ADHyp- and ADHyp+
with an unaffected control population.

Method:
Genotype and clinical data were used to compare healthy controls to AD Hyp- vs. AD
Hyp+. We compared the CSF biomarkers followed by evaluating genome wide profiles in three
groups, and mapped SNPs to genes based on position and lowest p-value. The significant genes
were examined for co-expression and known disease networks.

Results:
We found no differences between Aβ, tau and p-tau levels between ADHyp- and ADHyp+.
We found TOMM40 to be associated with ADHyp- as expected but not with ADHyp+. Interestingly,
SLC9A3R2 polymorphism was associated with ADHyp+, and significant gene expression
changes were observed for neighboring genes.

Conclusion:
Through this exploratory study using a novel cohort stratification design, we highlight
the genetic differences in clinically similar phenotypes, indicating the utility of genetic profiling in
aiding differential diagnosis of ADHyp+ and VD.
Distinct Epigenetic Reprogramming, Mitochondrial Patterns, Cellular Morphology, and Cytotoxicity after Bee Venom Treatment
Authors: Uzuner Selcen Çelik , Birinci Esra , Tetikoğlu Sinan , Birinci Ceren , Kolaylı Sevgi 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Bee venom is a promising agent for cancer treatment due to its selective
cytotoxic potential for cancer cells through apoptotic pathways. However, there is no evidence for
changes in the epigenome and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers after bee venom application. The
purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bee venom on cytosine modifications and mitochondrial
DNA copy number variation.

Methods:
A broad range of methods was applied to elucidate the impact of bee venom on neoplastic
cells. These included MTT assay for detection of cytotoxicity, immunostaining of cytosine modifications
and mitochondria, assessment of cellular morphology by flow cytometry, and quantification
of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers using QPCR.

Results:
Bee venom-induced cell death was selective for cancer cells, where it triggered a response
characterized by alteration of cytosine modification. In contrast, normal cells were more resistant
to DNA modifications. Furthermore, application of the venom resulted in variation of mitochondrial
membrane permeability and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, together with alterations in
cell morphology, manifesting as reduced affected cell size.

Conclusion:
The study findings suggest that bee venom can be used as a selective DNA (de)methylating
agent in cancer. Various agents (such as decitabine and 5-azacytidine) have been synthesized
and developed for cancer treatment, and a range of syntheses and preparation and application methods
have been described for these patented drugs. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous
research has investigated the use of bee venom or any component thereof for epigenetic therapy
in cancer cells.