bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotin-streptavidin-guided two-step pretargeting approach using PLGA for molecular ultrasound imaging and chemotherapy for ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhou Hang , Fu Jing , Fu Qihuan , Feng Yujie , Hong Ruixia , Li Pan , Wang Zhigang , Huang Xiaoling , Li Fang 
Published: May 2021

Background
Ovarian cancer seriously threatens the lives and health of women, and early diagnosis and treatment are still challenging. Pre-targeting is a promising strategy to improve the treatment efficacy of ovarian cancer and the results of ultrasound imaging.

Purpose
To explore the effects of a pre-targeting strategy using streptavidin (SA) and paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded phase-shifting poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with perfluoro-n-pentane (PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs) on the treatment and ultrasound imaging of ovarian cancer.

Methods
PTX-PLGA/PFPs were prepared with a single emulsion (O/W) solvent evaporation method and SA was attached using carbodiimide. The encapsulation efficiency of PTX and the release characteristics were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography. The phase-change characteristics of the PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs were investigated. The anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody (Ab) was covalently attached to PTX-PLGA/PFPs via carbodiimide to create PTX-PLGA-Ab/PFPs. The targeting efficiency of the nanoparticles and the viability of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were evaluated in each group using a microscope, flow cytometry, and cell counting kit 8 assays.

Results
THE PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs were spheres with a size of 383.0 ± 75.59 nm. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capability of the nanoparticles for PTX were 71.56 ± 6.51% and 6.57 ± 0.61%, respectively. PTX was burst-released up to 70% in 2–3 d. When irradiated at 7.5 W for 3 min, the PTX-PLGA-SA/PFPs visibly enhanced the ultrasonography images (P < 0.05). At temperatures of 45°C and 60°C the nanoparticles phase-shifted into micro-bubbles and the sizes increased. The binding efficiencies of SA and Ab to the PTX-PLGA/PFPs were 97.16 ± 1.20% and 92.74 ± 5.75%, respectively. Pre-targeting resulted in a high binding efficacy and killing effect on SKOV3 cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The two-step pre-targeting process can significantly enhance the targeting ability of PTX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for ovarian cancer cells and substantially improve the therapeutic efficacy. This technique provides a new method for ultrasonic imaging and precise chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
Genomic analysis of Neisseria elongata isolate from a patient with infective endocarditis
Authors: Schörner Marcos André , Passarelli‐Araujo Hemanoel , Scheffer Mara Cristina , Hartmann Barazzetti Fernando , Motta Martins Jessica , de Melo Machado Hanalydia , Palmeiro Jussara Kasuko , Bazzo Maria Luiza 
Published: May 2021

Neisseria elongata is part of the commensal microbiota of the oropharynx. Although it is not considered pathogenic to humans, N. elongata has been implicated in several cases of infective endocarditis (IE). Here, we report a case of IE caused by N. elongata subsp. nitroreducens (Nel_M001) and compare its genome with 17 N. elongata genomes available in GenBank. We also evaluated resistance and virulence profiles with Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Finder databases. The results showed a wide diversity among N. elongata isolates. Based on the pangenome cumulative curve, we demonstrate that N. elongata has an open pangenome. We found several different resistance genes, mainly associated with antibiotic efflux pumps. A wide range of virulence genes was observed, predominantly pilus formation genes. Nel_M001 was the only isolate to present two copies of some pilus genes and not present nspA gene. Together, our results provide insights into how this commensal microorganism can cause IE and may assist further biological investigations on nonpathogenic Neisseria spp. Case reporting and pangenome analyses are critical for enhancing our understanding of IE pathogenesis, as well as for alerting physicians and microbiologists to enable rapid identification and treatment to avoid unfavorable outcomes.
Oxidative Cleavage of Indoles Mediated by Urea Hydrogen Peroxide or H2O2 in Polar Solvents
Authors: Llopis Natalia , Gisbert Patricia , Baeza Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe oxidative cleavage of indoles (Witkop oxidation) involving the use of H2O2 or urea hydrogen peroxide in combination with a polar solvent has been described. Among these solvents, 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stands out as the one affording the corresponding 2‐ketoacetanilides generally in higher yields The protocol described has also enabled the oxidation of different pyrroles and furans derivatives. Furthermore, the procedure was implemented in a larger‐scale and HFIP was distilled from the reaction mixture and reused (up to 4 cycles) without a significant detriment in the reaction outcome, which remarks its sustainability and applicability.magnified image
Phenotypically concordant but epigenetically discordant monozygotic dichorionic diamniotic twins with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Sun Feifei , Hara Satoshi , Tomita Chiyoko , Tanoue Yuka , Yatsuki Hitomi , Higashimoto Ken , Soejima Hidenobu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by (epi)genetic alterations. The incidence of monozygotic (MZ) twins in BWS is higher than in the general population. Most MZ twins with BWS are female and have phenotypical discordance: one twin is clinically diagnosed with BWS, while the other shows a mild or normal phenotype. The most frequent (epi)genetic alteration in MZ twins is loss of methylation of imprinting control region 2 (ICR2‐LOM) at 11p15.5. Intriguingly, ICR2‐LOM is usually found in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of both twins, even if they are clinically discordant. Here, we present a rare pair of MZ dichorionic diamniotic female twins with BWS and concordant phenotypes (a Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum score of 5 in each twin). Molecular analysis of genomic DNA from PBL revealed ICR2‐LOM in one twin but not the other. Our analyses suggest that ICR2‐LOM occurred between days 1 and 3 after fertilization, followed by twinning. We speculate that during embryogenesis, ICR2‐LOM cells were distributed to the hematopoietic stem cells in different ratios in the two fetuses, and also to commonly affected tissues, such as the tongue, in similar ratios, although we were unable to analyze any tissues other than PBL.
Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Insertion of Furyl Carbene into the N−H Bond of 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Ziye , Xu Guangyang , Shao Ying , Tang Shengbiao , Chen Ping , Zhang Xinhao , Sun Jiangtao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAsymmetric carbene insertion reactions represent one of the most important protocols to construct carbon–heteroatom bonds. The use of donor–acceptor diazo compounds bearing an ester group is however a prerequisite for achieving high enantioselectivity. Herein, we report a chemo‐ and enantioselective formal N−H insertion of 2‐pyridones that has been accomplished for the first time with enynones as the donor–donor carbene precursors. DFT calculations indicate an unprecedented enantioselective 1,4‐proton transfer from O to C. The rhodium catalyst provides a chiral pocket in which the steric repulsion and the π–π interaction of the propeller ligand play a critical role in determining the selectivities.
One‐Pot and Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Organic Cages
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Liu Yue , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Yiliang , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganic cages are fascinating because of their well‐defined 3D cavities, excellent stability, and accessible post‐modification. However, the synthesis is normally realized by fragment coupling approach in low yields. Herein, we report one‐pot, gram‐scale and shape‐controlled synthesis of two covalent organic cages (box‐shaped [4]cage and triangular prism‐shaped [2]cage) in yields of 46 % and 52 %, involving direct condensation of triangular 1,3,5‐tris(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)benzene monomer with paraformaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde, respectively. The cages can convert into high‐yielding per‐hydroxylated analogues. The [2]cage can be utilized as gas chromatographic stationary phase for high‐resolution separation of benzene/cyclohexane and toluene/methylcyclohexane. By changing the central moiety of the triangular monomer and/or aldehyde, this synthetic method would have the potential to be a general strategy to access diverse cages with tunable shape, size, and electronic properties.
High Proton‐Conductivity in Covalently Linked Polyoxometalate‐Organoboronic Acid‐Polymers
Authors: Li Shujun , Zhao Yue , Knoll Sebastian , Liu Rongji , Li Gang , Peng Qingpo , Qiu Pengtao , He Danfeng , Streb Carsten , Chen Xuenian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe controlled bottom‐up design of polymers with metal oxide backbones is a grand challenge in materials design, as it could give unique control over the resulting chemical properties. Herein, we report a 1D‐organo‐functionalized polyoxometalate polymer featuring a purely inorganic backbone. The polymer is self‐assembled from two types of monomers, inorganic Wells–Dawson‐type polyoxometalates, and aromatic organo‐boronates. Their covalent linkage results in 1D polymer strands, which combine an inorganic oxide backbone (based on B−O and Nb−O linkages) with functional organic side‐chains. The polymer shows high bulk proton conductivity of up to 1.59×10−1 S cm−1 at 90 °C and 98 % relative humidity. This synthetic approach could lead to a new class of organic–inorganic polymers where function can be designed by controlled tuning of the monomer units.
A TiSe2‐Graphite Dual Ion Battery: Fast Na‐Ion Insertion and Excellent Stability
Authors: Zheng Runtian , Yu Haoxiang , Zhang Xikun , Ding Yang , Xia Maoting , Cao Kangzhe , Shu Jie , Vlad Alexandru , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sodium dual ion battery (Na‐DIB) technology is proposed as highly promising alternative over lithium‐ion batteries for the stationary electrochemical energy‐storage devices. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of anode materials seriously impedes their practical implementation. Herein, a Na‐DIB based on TiSe2‐graphite is reported. The high diffusion coefficient of Na‐ions (3.21×10−11–1.20×10−9 cm2 s−1) and the very low Na‐ion diffusion barrier (0.50 eV) lead to very fast electrode kinetics, alike in conventional surface capacitive storage systems. In‐situ investigations reveal that the fast Na‐ion diffusion involves four insertion stage compositions. A prototype cell shows a reversible capacity of 81.8 mAh g−1 at current density of 100 mA g−1, excellent stability with 83.52 % capacity retention over 200 cycles and excellent rate performance, suggesting its potential for next‐generation large scale high‐performance stationary energy storage systems.
Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Induced Heterogenization of Nickel and Palladium Catalysts for Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Monomers
Authors: Zhang Hu , Zou Chen , Zhao Huipeng , Cai Zhengguo , Chen Changle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe practical synthesis of polar‐functionalized polyolefins using transition‐metal‐catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar monomers is a challenge; the use of heterogeneous catalysts is little explored. Herein, we report the synthesis of heterogeneous naphthoquinone‐based nickel (Ni/SiO2) and palladium (Pd/SiO2) catalysts through hydrogen bonding interactions of the ligands with the silica surface. Ni/SiO2 exhibits high activities (up to 2.65×106 g mol−1 h−1) during the copolymerization of ethylene with 5‐hexene‐1‐yl‐acetate, affording high‐molecular‐weight (Mn up to 630 000) polar‐functionalized semicrystalline polyethylene (comonomer incorporation up to 2.8 mol %), along with great morphology control. The resulting copolymers possess improved surface properties and great mechanical properties. Pd/SiO2 can mediate ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers with moderate activity to produce high‐molecular‐weight copolymers with tunable comonomer incorporation.
Identifying priority areas for surface water protection in data scarce regions: An integrated spatial analysis for Zambia
Authors: Lehner Bernhard , Katiyo Loreen , Chivava Faith , Sichingabula Henry M. , Nyirenda Edwin , Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Paxton Bruce R. , Grill Günther , Nyoni Frank , Shamboko‐Mbale Beauty , Banda Kawawa , Thieme Michele L. , Silembo Oscar M. , Musutu Agness , Filgueiras Raquel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an integrated analytical framework to identify candidate sites for surface water protection that is applicable at broad scales and in data scarce regions, using Zambia as a case study.
In the Zambian Water Resources Management Act of 2011, Water Resource Protection Areas are defined as areas where special measures are necessary for the protection of a catchment, sub‐catchment, aquifer, or geographical area. Three specific selection criteria are listed for the definition of Water Resource Protection Areas: (i) areas of high importance in providing water to users in a catchment; (ii) aquatic areas of high ecological importance; and (iii) areas that are particularly sensitive to human impact.
In this project, each sub‐catchment and river reach of Zambia was characterized for their importance regarding these three criteria. ‘Water provisioning’ was assessed by analysing patterns of runoff generation and human water use; ‘aquatic ecological importance’ was determined by conducting a freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem assessment using a systematic conservation planning approach; and ‘sensitive areas’ were identified by quantifying erosion potential and sediment transport. The work was supported by an assessment of free‐flowing rivers in Zambia, i.e., those rivers where aquatic ecosystem functions and services are largely unaffected by changes to fluvial connectivity through dams and other infrastructure.
Highly ranked sub‐catchments were found in the Liuwa, Barotse, and Bangweulu floodplains and wetlands, and in the headwater regions of the upper Zambezi, Kafue, Chambeshi/Luapula, and Tanganyika catchments. The Luangwa was identified as the highest ranked candidate river for protection within Zambia.
The resulting maps, data, and methods are intended to support national‐scale efforts to prioritize areas for surface water protection, identify catchments and rivers with high conservation value, optimize decision making for infrastructure development, and inform concerted strategies to maintain and restore freshwater ecosystem services in Zambia.
Are marked body shape concerns associated with poorer outcomes at the one‐year follow‐up in anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Rousselet Morgane , Reinhardt Hélène , Forestier Bastien , Eyzop Emeline , Lambert Sylvain , Rocher Bruno , Gailledrat Lucie , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Grall‐Bronnec Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disease in which obsessive thoughts about body image, shape, or weight are expressed. The intensity of these concerns varies among individuals, and only a few studies have focused on their impact on patients’ clinical course when patients are treated on an outpatient basis. Our study aimed to determine whether marked body concerns at inclusion were predictive of the one‐year follow‐up.MethodParticipants (N = 72) were women seeking treatment for AN in a specialized unit for eating disorder management. All participants were assessed at inclusion and at the 1‐year follow‐up. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Morgan & Russel Outcome Average Score (MROAS), and body concerns were assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaires (BSQ).ResultsMarked body concerns (BSQ score >140) at inclusion were associated with a poorer outcome at the 12‐month follow‐up (lower MROAS “total score”). Other characteristics at inclusion that were predictive of a poorer outcome at 12 months were as follows: higher severity of ED at inclusion, longer hospitalization during follow‐up, and experiencing a lower impact of the illness on school/work life.DiscussionThe results confirmed the importance of a multifocal treatment that should address body concerns and motivation to change. Our results also highlighted the necessity of promoting the maintenance of school/work during the treatment course.
The state of anatomical donation programs amidst the SARS‐CoV‐2 (Covid‐19) pandemic
Authors: McCumber Travis L. , Latacha Kimberly S. , Lomneth Carol S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inclusion of human body dissection in anatomical science curricula has been described as a critical educational experience for the mastery of anatomical structures and concepts. To ensure that body donors are ethically acquired and suitable for anatomy education, Anatomical Donation Programs (ADPs) are tasked with the responsibility of acquiring body donors for basic and clinical science curricula. Considering the personal and institutional impact of SARS‐CoV‐2, a national survey was conducted to examine the current effect of the pandemic on ADP protocols, body donation, and the sustainability of ADPs in the United States (U.S.). Eighty‐nine U.S. ADPs were identified and contacted for optional participation in a survey to assess the impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on their programs. Survey data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Thirty‐six ADPs (40.5% response rate) from the nine U.S. Divisions are represented in the survey results. Data were collected on ADP descriptions and demographics, SARS‐CoV‐2 impact on ADPs and protocols, and body donation and ADP sustainability. Almost all ADPs reported that the pandemic has affected their ADP operations in some way; however, the sustainability for the majority of ADPs appears likely and donor availability remains stable due to a proportional decrease in body donations and body donor requests. As the long‐term impact on ADPs has yet to be determined, the authors plan to reevaluate the lasting impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on body donation, ADP sustainability, and anatomical science education throughout the year 2021.
Comparison of the effects of raw and cooked adzuki bean on glucose/lipid metabolism and liver function in diabetic mice
Authors: Zhao Qingyu , Hou Dianzhi , Laraib Yousaf , Xue Yong , Shen Qun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesDiabetes is a serious metabolic disease. The present study investigated the ability of diets supplemented with raw and cooked adzuki bean to mitigate the effects of diabetes and related metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetic mice induced by a high‐fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ).FindingsCompared with untreated diabetic mice, raw adzuki bean (RAB) supplementation significantly reduced food intake, glycated serum protein (GSP), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved glucose tolerance. Cooked adzuki bean (CAB) supplementation cannot effectively improve FBG, but significantly reduce weight loss and GSP. In addition, adzuki bean supplementation significantly reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Histological observations confirmed the ability of adzuki bean supplementation to prevent pancreatic and liver damage. The content of total flavonoids and catechins in adzuki bean decreased significantly after processing.ConclusionsAlthough RAB and CAB supplementation showed many beneficial impacts on type 2 diabetic mice, the lower efficacy of CAB is likely caused by a loss of bioactive substances from processing.Significance and noveltyThese findings may contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of adzuki bean as a dietary supplement to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related metabolic disorders.
Bis(4‐benzhydryl‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)methane – from a Bulky NacNac Alternative to a Trianion in Alkali Metal Complexes
Authors: Kretsch Johannes , Kreyenschmidt Anne‐Kathrin , Schillmöller Timo , Lõkov Märt , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Leito Ivo , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel sterically demanding bis(4‐benzhydryl‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)methane ligand 6 (4−BzhH2BoxCH2) was gained in a straightforward six‐step synthesis. Starting from this ligand monomeric [M(4‐BzhH2BoxCH)] (M=Na (7), K (81)) and dimeric [{M(4‐BzhH2BoxCH)}2] (M=K (82), Rb (9), Cs (10)) alkali metal complexes were synthesised by deprotonation. Abstraction of the potassium ion of 8 by reaction with 18‐crown‐6 resulted in the solvent separated ion pair [{(THF)2K@(18‐crown‐6)}{bis(4‐benzhydryl‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl)methanide}] (11), including the energetically favoured monoanionic (E,E)‐(4‐BzhH2BoxCH) ligand. Further reaction of 4−BzhH2BoxCH2 with three equivalents KH and two equivalents 18‐crown‐6 yielded polymeric [{(THF)2K@(18‐crown‐6)}{K@(18‐crown‐6)K(4‐BzhBoxCH)}]n (n→∞) (12) containing a trianionic ligand. The neutral ligand and herein reported alkali complexes were characterised by single X‐ray analyses identifying the latter as a promising precursor for low‐valent main group complexes.
Association between the platelet‐lymphocyte ratio and short‐term mortality in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Meng Zhongyuan , Yang Jiaqiang , Wu Jianfu , Zheng Xifeng , Zhao Yaxin , He Yan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been reported as a novel inflammatory marker. However, it is not clear whether PLR is associated with short‐term all‐cause mortality in critically ill patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsThe data for the study is from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The primary outcome in our study was 28‐day mortality. Kapan‐Meier curve, lowess smoother curve, and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine whether the association between PLR and 28‐day mortality of critically ill patients with NSTEMI.ResultsA total of 1273 critically ill patients with NSTEMI were included in this analysis. Kapan‐Meier curve and lowess smoother curve show that high PLR is associated with an increased risk of 28‐day all‐cause mortality. The study population is divided into two groups according to the cut‐off value of PLR level. In the Cox model, high PLR levels (PLR≥195.8) were significantly associated with increased 28‐day mortality (HR 1.54; 95%CI 1.09–2.18, p = .013). In quartile analyses, the HR (95% CI) for the third (183 ≤ PLR < 306) and fourth quartile (PLR≥306) was 1.55 (1.05–2.29) and 1.61 (1.03–2.52), respectively, compared to the reference group(111 ≤ PLR < 183). In subgroup analyses, there is no interaction effect in most of the subgroups except for respiratory failure and vasopressor use.ConclusionHigh PLR is associated with an increased risk of short‐term mortality in critically ill patients with NSTEMI.
Assembly and Application of a Low Budget Photoreactor**
Authors: Wallner Olov , Mamonov Kirill , Ortis Florian , Michel Dana , Michel Maurice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotochemistry is a fast growing research field and many transformations previously not accessible to chemists now have become part of an ever growing standard repertoire. The limiting factors for a photoreactor system however are the possibility to perform stirring, removal of excess heat and the irradiation with UV or visible light – all that within a secure surrounding. Systems for starters may be as expensive as several thousand Euro. Here we design and assemble a LED photoreactor using scrap and standard materials, spending less than 30 € for a LED. The system may be adjusted to any required wavelength and its assembly is shown for the use of a 400 nm LED. To demonstrate its application, we then exemplarily use the reactor in the removal of a photolabile protection group during the synthesis of a SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein glycopeptide.