bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between patients' educational level and therapeutic process in an acute patient therapeutic community
Authors: Isohanni I , Nieminen P , Isohanni M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTraditional custodial care in mental hospitals has given way to brief hospitalizations and a variety of active inpatient treatment milieus, eg, therapeutic communities. But can only well-educated patients utilize this kind of complex, even demanding form of psychosocial care? A total of 1,538 patients and their first admissions from 1977 to 1993 at a closed therapeutic community ward at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu (Finland) were assessed to analyze the association of the patient's educational level with some treatment and outcome characteristics. Educational levels were non-professional education (46% of all patients), lower professional (39%) and higher professional education (15%). There were no statistically significant differences in the treatment and outcome variables of patients in any educational level. The result indicates the achievement of one treatment goal on the therapeutic community model, ie, patient equality in spite of different educational status. This result may be especially important for less educated persons.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in an adult insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (IDDM) population: relationships with glycaemic control and somatic complications
Authors: Friedman S , Vila G , Timsit J , Boitard C , Mouren-Simeoni MC 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders was examined in 69 insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (IDDM) outpatients and in two control group. Based on self-report measures, these disorders were similar in IDDM sample and in the control groups. In diabetic outpatients, according to DSM-III-R criteria, there was a high lifetime prevalence of not otherwise specified anxiety and depressive disorders (44% and 41.5%), of simple phobia (26.8%), social phobia (24.6%), and agoraphobia — with and without panic disorder (14.6%). Current social phobia, dysthymia and not otherwise specified depressive disorders were associated with impaired glycaemic control. Glycosylated haemoglobin was associated with compliance but psychiatric disorders were not, except for social phobia which was significantly associated with more frequent consultations and a bad compliance for dietary regimen (more snacking). Somatic complications were not associated with anxious and depressive disorders (current or lifetime) or compliance and were best explained by the duration of the illness and impaired glycaemic control.
Hybridized Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Nanogenerator for Wind Energy Harvesting to Realize Real‐Time Power Supply of Sensor Nodes
Authors: Zhao Jianxiong , Mu Jiliang , Cui Haoran , He Wenjun , Zhang Le , He Jian , Gao Xin , Li Zhengyang , Hou Xiaojuan , Chou Xiujian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the power consumption of various electronic devices is gradually reduced to milliwatt or even microwatt level, it is possible to achieve self‐powered electronic devices by obtaining weak energy from the environment. In this article, a hybrid nanogenerator that contains two working parts, —the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) in sliding independent layer mode and the electromagnetic generator (EMG) in rotating mode, is reported. The hybrid generator can effectively broaden the output voltage range while shortening the voltage boost time. After polishing the surface of nylon film with different mesh sandpaper, the maximum increase of output voltage and current can reach 60% and 80%, respectively. When the wind speed is 9 m s–1, the maximum average output power values of TENG and EMG are 0.33 and 32.87 mW, respectively. Also the hybrid nanogenerator can stably power 200 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and hygro‐thermograph after working for 2 s. Compared with the method of supplying power to electronic devices after a long period of energy storage, the triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator that is designed can realize real‐time power supply for wireless sensor nodes and Bluetooth modules at a wind speed of 10.5 m s–1, and the voltage at both ends is always maintained dynamic equilibrium.
Dealing with the complexity of conjugated and self‐assembled polymer‐nanostructures using field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Muza Upenyu L. , Boye Susanne , Lederer Albena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBroad diversity and heterogeneity are inherently showcased by both natural and synthetic macromolecular structures. The high application potential for such structures and their combinations calls for novel analytical approaches that allow for comprehensive characterization and a full understanding of their complex composition. This review gives an overview of recent advances in designing and fabricating bioconjugated and self‐assembled polymer structures, and introduces adequate characterization protocols for sufficient elucidation of their specific molecular properties. Possible pitfalls in their analysis are demonstrated, and potential alternatives are discussed. The primary focus is on addressing the highlights, and future prospects of applying field‐flow fractionation coupled and/or hyphenated to different detection methods as a powerful separation and analytical technique for bioconjugate and self‐assembled nanostructures.
Reductive Depolymerization of Plastic Waste Catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O
Authors: Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlastic pollution is one of the biggest problems all over the world. Beyond change/awareness of consumer behavior, there is an urgent need to search for efficient, economical and environmentally friendly catalysts for the valorization of plastic waste to value‐added compounds. This work describes the reductive depolymerization of several types of plastic waste into value‐added compounds, including 1,6‐hexanediol, 1,2‐propanediol, p‐xylene and tetrahydrofuran, in good yields using the eco‐friendly, air‐stable, commercially available and very cheap catalyst Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O. This is the first example of the reductive depolymerization of polyester waste catalyzed by a zinc catalyst. Moreover, the catalytic system silane/Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O was successfully applied to the reduction of polycaprolactone (PCL) on the gram scale with good yield and also to the selective reductive depolymerization of plastic mixtures. Finally, this work demonstrated that the catalyst Zn(OAc)2 ⋅ 2H2O can be used in at least 7 cycles with good yields.
DiceCT applied to fossilized hard tissues: A preliminary case study using a miocene bird
Authors: Bailleul Alida M. , Lu Jing , Li Zhiheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIodine‐based contrasting agents for computed tomography (CT) have been used for decades in medicine. Agents like Lugol's iodine enhance the contrasts between soft tissues and mineralized (skeletal) tissues. Because a recent study on extant avian heads showed that iodine–ethanol (I2E) is a better contrast enhancer overall than the standard Lugol's iodine, here, we tested if I2E could also enhance the CT contrasts of two fossilized skeletal tissues: bone and calcified cartilage. For this, we used a partial ankle joint from an extinct pheasant from the Late Miocene of Northwest China (Linxia Basin). The pre‐staining CT scans showed no microstructural details of the sample. After being immersed into a solution of 1% I2E for 8 days and scanned a second time, the contrasts were drastically enhanced between the mineralized tissues (bony trabeculae and calcified cartilage) and the sediments and minerals inside vascular spaces. After three other staining‐scanning cycles in 2%, 3%, and 6% I2E solutions, the best contrasts were obtained after immersion in 6% I2E for 7 days. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy showed that iodine was preferentially absorbed by the mineralized tissues and the minerals in the vascular spaces, but not by the sediments. This method not only effectively increased the contrasts of two different fossilized skeletal tissues, it was also non‐destructive and reversible because part of the fossil was successfully de‐stained after a few days in pure ethanol. These preliminary results indicate that iodine‐ethanol has the potential to be used widely in vertebrate paleontology to improve CT imaging of fossilized tissues.
First reported CABP2‐related non‐syndromic hearing loss in Northern Europe
Authors: Sheyanth Inger Norlyk , Højland Allan Thomas , Okkels Henrik , Lolas Ihab , Thorup Christian , Petersen Michael Bjørn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCABP2‐related non‐syndromic hearing loss have only been reported in a few families worldwide (Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Italy). The hearing loss was in these cases described as prelingual, symmetrical, and moderate to severe.MethodsFollowing DNA isolation, exome sequencing was performed in 123 genes related to non‐syndromic hearing loss. Variant verification and carrier testing were performed by direct sequencing.ResultsWe report the first Northern European individual with CABP2‐related hearing loss: an 8‐year‐old Danish Caucasian boy with non‐syndromic, prelingual, and sensorineural hearing loss, who is homozygous for the splice site variant CABP2: c. 637+1G>T previously found in three Iranian families and in one Pakistani family. Both parents are of Danish Caucasian origin with no known history of consanguinity. This is in contrast to the four reported Middle Eastern families, who all were consanguineous. However, loss of heterozygosity in a 3.2 Mb area on chromosome 11 including CABP2 was observed, suggesting a common parental ancestor.ConclusionWe report the first case of CABP2‐related autosomal recessive hearing loss in Northern Europe. The index is of Danish Caucasian origin and found to be homozygous for the splice site variant c.637+1G>T.
The effect of lymph node dissection on cancer‐specific survival in salvage radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Würnschimmel Christoph , Nocera Luigi , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Graefen Markus , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that lymph node dissection (LND) at salvage radical prostatectomy may be associated with lower cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and we tested this hypothesis.MethodsWe relied on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (2004–2016) to identify all salvage radical prostatectomy patients. Categorical, as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression models tested the effect of LND (LND performed vs. not), as well as at its extent (log‐transformed lymph node count) on CSM.ResultsOf 427 salvage radical prostatectomy patients, 120 (28.1%) underwent LND with a median lymph node count of 6 (interquartile range [IQR], 3–11). According to LND status, no significant or clinically meaningful differences were recorded in PSA at diagnosis, stage and biopsy Gleason score at diagnosis, except for age at prostate cancer diagnosis (LND performed 63 vs. 68 years LND not performed, p < .001). LND status (performed) was an independent predictor of lower CSM (hazard ratio [HR] 0.47; p = .03). Similarly, lymph node count (log transformed) also independently predicted lower CSM (HR: 0.60; p = .01). After the 7th removed lymph node, the effect of CSM became marginal. The effect of N‐stage on CSM could not be tested due to insufficient number of observations.ConclusionsSalvage radical prostatectomy is rarely performed and LND at salvage radical prostatectomy is performed in a minority of patients. However, LND at salvage radical prostatectomy is associated with lower CSM. Moreover, LND extent also exerts a protective effect on CSM. These observations should be considered in salvage radical prostatectomy candidates.
A comparative Study Between Fluka and Microshield Modeling Calculations to study the Radiation‐Shielding of Nanoparticles and Plastic Waste composites
Authors: El‐Taher Atef , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Pyshkina Mariia , Allam Elhassan A. , El‐Sharkawy Rehab M. , Mahmoud Mohamed E. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed A. E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA comparative study has been conducted by using Monte Carlo FLUKA code and Microshieldsoftware programs to study the radiation shielding properties of plastic waste mixed with nano copper oxide (CuO) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA). The variousdiverse percentages of new nanocomposite have been prepared using the compression moulding technique, then they are characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectrophotometer (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The new nanocomposite has been established as a effective shielding material towards gamma radiation due to the presence of dense materials, like nano copper oxide and phosphotungstic acid. The gamma radiation attenuation has been established by using the previously mentioned methods. The results have proved that the mass attenuation coefficients (μm) and effective atomic (Zeff), and electron densities (Nel) of the samples increased with increasing the phosphotungstic acid (PTA) content while the half‐value layer (HVL), the tenth value layer (TVL), and the mean free path (MFP) decreased as PTA increased.
A novel phase‐field approach to brittle damage mechanics of gradient metamaterials combining action formalism and history variable
Authors: Abali Bilen Emek , Klunker Andre , Barchiesi Emilio , Placidi Luca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetamaterials response is generally modeled by generalized continuum based theories. Their inherent substructure leads to a necessity for higher‐order theories, and especially in damage mechanics, such a generalization is difficult to acquire. We exploit the action formalism in order to obtain the governing equations in generalized damage mechanics for metamaterials. Additionally, by using auxilliary variables, the variational formulation is endowed with the first rate of damage variable that is missing in standard approaches. The presented action formalism with auxilliary variables leads directly to the weak form. We implement a finite element method based approach by using open‐source computing platform called FEniCS and solve this weak in order to obtain the deformation and damage numerically. Metamaterials simulations are demonstrated for simple geometries in mixed mode (I and II) as well as in mode III.
2020 update on the clinical validity of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid, tau, and phospho-tau as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in the context of a structured 5-phase development framework
Authors: Leuzy A. , Ashton N. J. , Mattsson-Carlgren N. , Dodich A. , Boccardi M. , Corre J. , Drzezga A. , Nordberg A. , Ossenkoppele R. , Zetterberg H. , Blennow K. , Frisoni G. B. , Garibotto V. , Hansson O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In the last decade, the research community has focused on defining reliable biomarkers for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. In 2017, the Geneva AD Biomarker Roadmap Initiative adapted a framework for the systematic validation of oncological biomarkers to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers—encompassing the 42 amino-acid isoform of amyloid-β (Aβ42), phosphorylated-tau (P-tau), and Total-tau (T-tau)—with the aim to accelerate their development and clinical implementation. The aim of this work is to update the current validation status of CSF AD biomarkers based on the Biomarker Roadmap methodology.

Methods
A panel of experts in AD biomarkers convened in November 2019 at a 2-day workshop in Geneva. The level of maturity (fully achieved, partly achieved, preliminary evidence, not achieved, unsuccessful) of CSF AD biomarkers was assessed based on the Biomarker Roadmap methodology before the meeting and presented and discussed during the workshop.

Results
By comparison to the previous 2017 Geneva Roadmap meeting, the primary advances in CSF AD biomarkers have been in the area of a unified protocol for CSF sampling, handling and storage, the introduction of certified reference methods and materials for Aβ42, and the introduction of fully automated assays. Additional advances have occurred in the form of defining thresholds for biomarker positivity and assessing the impact of covariates on their discriminatory ability.

Conclusions
Though much has been achieved for phases one through three, much work remains in phases four (real world performance) and five (assessment of impact/cost). To a large degree, this will depend on the availability of disease-modifying treatments for AD, given these will make accurate and generally available diagnostic tools key to initiate therapy.
Sexual Satisfaction in Obese People
Authors: Parchomiuk Monika , Kirenko Janusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObesity has numerous consequences for the psychosocial and physical functioning of the individual which most often include comorbidities, disorders, and negative social attitudes influencing self-image. These factors indirectly associate obesity with problems in the sphere of sex life. Empirical evidence on this issue is relatively unambiguous but studies that focus on the positive dimensions of sex life do not provide clear-cut conclusions. Previous studies have often been carried out in specific groups and various socio-cultural conditions. The current study analyzed the relationship between sexual satisfaction and a variable describing preferences, expectations, and needs of obese people and non-obese people. Satisfaction was analyzed taking into account two components. One reflected the degree of discrepancy/convergence between the desired and actual frequency of sexual behavior. The other reflected the degree of pleasure felt in connection with actual sexual behavior. The sample consisted of 148 obese people and 128 non-obese people. Three measures were used: the Sexual Activity Questionnaire, Sexual Stimulus Scale, and Sexual Needs and Reaction Scale. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of sexual satisfaction in either dimension. The results of the regression analysis showed a more complex structure of correlations between satisfaction, preferences, expectations, and needs in obese people compared to non-obese people. Also, the activity of the partner, including experiences during full penetration, was found to be most important for pleasure (as one of the dimensions of satisfaction) in the test group.
Elevated serum IL-10 is associated with severity of neonatal encephalopathy and adverse early childhood outcomes
Authors: Pang Raymand , Mujuni Brian M. , Martinello Kathryn A. , Webb Emily L. , Nalwoga Angela , Ssekyewa Julius , Musoke Margaret , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Sewegaba Margaret , Cowan Frances M. , Cose Stephen , Nakakeeto Margaret , Elliott Alison M. , Sebire Neil J. , Klein Nigel , Robertson Nicola J. , Tann Cally J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) contributes substantially to child mortality and disability globally. We compared cytokine profiles in term Ugandan neonates with and without NE, with and without perinatal infection or inflammation and identified biomarkers predicting neonatal and early childhood outcomes.MethodsIn this exploratory biomarker study, serum IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and VEGF (<12 h) were compared between NE and non-NE infants with and without perinatal infection/inflammation. Neonatal (severity of NE, mortality) and early childhood (death or neurodevelopmental impairment to 2.5 years) outcomes were assessed. Predictors of outcomes were explored with multivariable linear and logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses.ResultsCytokine assays on 159 NE and 157 non-NE infants were performed; data on early childhood outcomes were available for 150 and 129, respectively. NE infants had higher IL-10 (p < 0.001), higher IL-6 (p < 0.017), and lower VEGF (p < 0.001) levels. Moderate and severe NE was associated with higher IL-10 levels compared to non-NE infants (p < 0.001). Elevated IL-1α was associated with perinatal infection/inflammation (p = 0.013). Among NE infants, IL-10 predicted neonatal mortality (p = 0.01) and adverse early childhood outcome (adjusted OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.35–3.86,p = 0.002).ConclusionsOur findings support a potential role for IL-10 as a biomarker for adverse outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy.ImpactNeonatal encephalopathy is a common cause of child death and disability globally. Inflammatory cytokines are potential biomarkers of encephalopathy severity and outcome.In this Ugandan health facility-based cohort, neonatal encephalopathy was associated with elevated serum IL-10 and IL-6, and reduced VEGF at birth.Elevated serum IL-10 within 12 h after birth predicted severity of neonatal encephalopathy, neonatal mortality, and adverse early childhood developmental outcomes, independent of perinatal infection or inflammation, and provides evidence to the contribution of the inflammatory processes.Our findings support a role for IL-10 as a biomarker for adverse outcomes after neonatal encephalopathy in a sub-Saharan African cohort.
Impact of mucin on the anti-erosive/anti-abrasive efficacy of chitosan and/or F/Sn in enamel in vitro
Authors: Luka Benedikt , Arbter Vivien , Sander Kathrin , Duerrschnabel Andrea , Schlueter Nadine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe application of stannous ions in combination with fluoride (F/Sn) is one of the central strategies in reducing erosive tooth wear. F/Sn efficacy can be enhanced by adding chitosan, a positively charged biopolymer. For patients with low saliva flow, this efficacy, however, is not sufficient, making further improvement desirable. This could be achieved by combining chitosan with other molecules like mucin, which together might form multilayers. This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of chitosan, mucin, F/Sn and combinations thereof on enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. Human enamel samples (n = 448, 28 groups) were cyclically eroded or eroded-abraded (10 days; 6 × 2 min erosion and 2 × 15 s/200 g abrasion per day). Samples were treated 2 × 2 min/day with solutions containing either, chitosan (50 or 500 mPas), porcine gastric mucin, F/Sn or combinations thereof after abrasive challenge. Tissue loss was measured profilometrically, interaction between hard tissue and active agents was assessed with energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Chitosan and F/Sn showed the expected effect in reducing tissue loss under erosive and under erosive-abrasive conditions. Neither mucin alone nor the combinations with mucin showed any additional beneficial effect.