bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of florfenicol resistance genes in the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates and genomic features of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus lentus strain H29
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Zhang Xueya , Liang Jialei , Li Qiaoling , Lin Hailong , Lin Chaoqin , Liu Hongmao , Zhou Danying , Lu Wei , Sun Zhewei , Lin Xi , Zhang Hailin , Li Kewei , Xu Teng , Bao Qiyu , Lu Junwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the wide use of florfenicol to prevent and treat the bacterial infection of domestic animals, the emergence of the florfenicol resistance bacteria is increasingly serious. It is very important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the bacteria’s resistance to florfenicol.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels were determined by the agar dilution method, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyze the distribution of florfenicol resistance genes in 39 CoNS strains isolated from poultry and livestock animals and seafood. The whole genome sequence of one multidrug resistant strain,Staphylococcus lentusH29, was characterized, and comparative genomics analysis of the resistance gene-related sequences was also performed.ResultsAs a result, the isolates from the animals showed a higher resistance rate (23/28, 82.1%) and much higher MIC levels to florfenicol than those from seafood. Twenty-seven animal isolates carried 37 florfenicol resistance genes (including 26fexA, 6cfrand 5fexBgenes) with one carrying acfrgene, 16 each harboring afexAgene, 5 with both afexAgene and afexBgene and the other 5 with both afexAgene and acfrgene. On the other hand, all 11 isolates from seafood were sensitive to florfenicol, and only 3 carried afexAgene each. The whole genome sequence ofS. lentusH29 was composed of a chromosome and two plasmids (pH29-46, pH29-26) and harbored 11 resistance genes, including 6 genes [cfr, fexA, ant(6)-Ia,aacA-aphD, mecAandmph(C)] encoded on the chromosome, 4 genes [cfr, fexA, aacA-aphDandtcaA] on pH29-46 and 1 gene (fosD) on pH29-26. We found that theS. lentusH29 genome carried two identical copies of the gene arrays ofradC-tnpABC-hp-fexA(5671 bp) and IS256-cfr(2690 bp), of which one copy of the two gene arrays was encoded on plasmid pH29-46, while the other was encoded on the chromosome.ConclusionsThe current study revealed the wide distribution of florfenicol resistance genes (cfr, fexAandfexB) in animal bacteria, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that oneS. lentusstrain carried two identical copies of florfenicol resistance-related gene arrays.
Overall assessment of antibiotic substitutes for pigs: a set of meta-analyses
Authors: Xu Bocheng , Fu Jie , Zhu Luoyi , Li Zhi , Jin Mingliang , Wang Yizhen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic growth promoters are widely used to improve weight gain. However, the abuse of antibiotics can have many negative effects on people. Developing alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need in livestock production. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) to investigate the effects of feed additives as potential antibiotic substitutes (ASs) on bacteriostasis, growth performance, intestinal morphology and immunity. Furthermore, the primary, secondary, and tertiary ASs were defined by comparing their results with the results of antibiotics.

Results
Among 16,309 identified studies, 37 were summarized to study the bacteriostasis effects of feed additives, and 89 were included in the meta-analysis and NMA (10,228 pigs). We summarized 268 associations of 57 interventions with 32 bacteria. The order of bacteriostasis effects was as follows: antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) ≈ antibiotics>organic acids>plant extracts>oligosaccharides. We detected associations of 11 feed additives and 11 outcomes. Compared with a basal diet, plant extract, AMPs, probiotics, microelements, organic acids, bacteriophages, lysozyme, zymin, and oligosaccharides significantly improved growth performance (P < 0.05); organic acids, probiotics, microelements, lysozyme, and AMPs remarkably increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio (V/C) (P < 0.05); and plant extracts, zymin, microelements, probiotics, and organic acids notably improved immunity (P < 0.05). The optimal AMP, bacteriophage, lysozyme, microelements, oligosaccharides, organic acids, plants, plant extracts, probiotics, and zymin doses were 0.100%, 0.150%, 0.012%, 0.010%, 0.050%, 0.750%, 0.20%, 0.040%, 0.180%, and 0.100%, respectively. Compared with antibiotics, all investigated feed additives exhibited no significant difference in effects on growth performance, IgG, and diarrhoea index/rate (P > 0.05); AMPs and microelements significantly increased V/C (P < 0.05); and zymin significantly improved lymphocyte levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, linear weighting sum models were used to comprehensively estimate the overall impact of each feed additive on pig growth and health.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that AMPs and plant extracts can be used as primary ASs for weaned piglets and growing pigs, respectively. Bacteriophages, zymin, plants, probiotics, oligosaccharides, lysozyme, and microelements can be regarded as secondary ASs. Nucleotides and organic acids can be considered as tertiary ASs. Future studies should further assess the alternative effects of combinational feed additives.
Human cutaneous neurofibroma matrisome revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Brosseau Jean-Philippe , Sathe Adwait A. , Wang Yong , Nguyen Toan , Glass Donald A. , Xing Chao , Le Lu Q. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is a neurocutaneous genetic syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor called neurofibroma. These tumors originate from the Schwann cell lineage but other cell types as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) in the neurofibroma microenvironment constitute the majority of the tumor mass. In fact, collagen accounts for up to 50% of the neurofibroma’s dry weight. Although the presence of collagens in neurofibroma is indisputable, the exact repertoire of ECM genes and ECM-associated genes (i.e. the matrisome) and their functions are unknown. Here, transcriptome profiling by single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the matrisome of human cutaneous neurofibroma (cNF). We discovered that classic pro-fibrogenic collagen I myofibroblasts are rare in neurofibroma. In contrast, collagen VI, a pro-tumorigenic ECM, is abundant and mainly secreted by neurofibroma fibroblasts. This study also identified potential cell type-specific markers to further elucidate the biology of the cNF microenvironment.
Effects of sticky rice addition on the properties of lime-tile dust mortars
Authors: Zhang Kun , Sui Ying , Wang Liqin , Tie Fude , Yang Fuwei , Liu Yan , Zhang Yue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study focused on the characteristics of lime-tile dust mortars with sticky rice addition, which were prepared according to historic Chinese accounts. Results showed that addition of sticky rice into mortars could improve water retention capacity, prolong setting time, and reduce bulk density values. Sticky rice addition also had long-term detrimental impacts on mortar strength development, concurrently increasing their water absorption values. FTIR, XRD and TG-DSC analyses revealed that the addition of sticky rice into mortars could slow down the carbonation as well as hydration process, at the same time forming both calcite and aragonite as carbonation products.
Mobile telephone delivered contingency management for encouraging adherence to supervised methadone consumption: feasibility study for an RCT of clinical and cost-effectiveness (TIES)
Authors: Metrebian N. , Carr E. , Goldsmith K. , Weaver T. , Pilling S. , Shearer J. , Woolston-Thomas K. , Tas B. , Cooper C. , Getty C. A. , van der Waal R. , Kelleher M. , Finch E. , Bijral P. , Taylor D. , Scott J. , Strang J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Prescription methadone or buprenorphine enables people with opioid use disorder to stop heroin use safely while avoiding withdrawal. To ensure methadone is taken as prescribed and to prevent diversion onto the illicit market, people starting methadone take their daily dose under a pharmacist’s supervision. Many patients miss their daily methadone dose risking withdrawal, craving for heroin and overdose due to loss of heroin tolerance. Contingency management (CM) can improve medication adherence, but remote delivery using technology may be resource-light and cost-effective. We developed an innovative way to deliver CM by mobile telephone. Software monitors patients’ attendance and supervised methadone consumption through an internet self-login at the pharmacy and sends reinforcing text messages to patients’ mobile telephones. A linked system sends medication adherence reports to prescribers and provides early warning alerts of missed doses. A pre-paid debit card system provides financial incentives.

Methods
A cluster randomised controlled trial design was used to test the feasibility of conducting a future trial of mobile telephone CM to encourage adherence to supervised methadone in community pharmacies. Each cluster (drug service/3 allied pharmacies) was randomly allocated to provide patient’s presenting for a new episode of opiate agonist treatment (OAT) with either (a) mobile telephone text message CM, (b) mobile telephone text message reminders, or (c) no text messages. We assessed acceptability of the interventions, recruitment, and follow-up procedures.

Results
Four drug clinics were approached and three recruited. Thirty-three pharmacists were approached and 9 recruited. Over 3 months, 173 individuals were screened and 10 enrolled. Few patients presented for OAT and high numbers were excluded due to receiving buprenorphine or not attending participating pharmacies. There was 96% consistency in recording medication adherence by self-login vs. pharmacy records. In focus groups, CM participants were positive about using self-login, the text messages, and debit card. Prescribers found weekly reporting, time saving, and allowed closer monitoring of patients. Pharmacists reported that the tablet device was easy to host.

Conclusion
Mobile telephone CM worked well, but a planned future trial will use modified eligibility criteria (existing OAT patients who regularly miss their methadone/buprenorphine doses) and increase the number of participating pharmacies.

Trial registration
The trial is retrospectively registered, ISRCTN 58958179.
A non-randomised pilot study of the Solutions for Medication Adherence Problems (S-MAP) intervention in community pharmacies to support older adults adhere to multiple medications
Authors: Patton D. E. , Pearce C. J. , Cartwright M. , Smith F. , Cadogan C. A. , Ryan C. , Clark E. , Francis J. J. , Hughes C. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Older patients prescribed multiple medications commonly experience difficulties with adherence. High-quality evidence on interventions targeting older patients is lacking. Theory is rarely used to tailor adherence solutions. This study aimed to pilot test a novel intervention, developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework, which guides community pharmacists in identifying adherence barriers and delivering tailored solutions (behaviour change techniques). Key study procedures (e.g. recruitment, data collection) for a future randomised controlled trial (cRCT) were also assessed.

Methods
Using purposive sampling, this non-randomised pilot study aimed to recruit 12 community pharmacies (six in Northern Ireland; six in London, England). Pharmacists were trained to deliver the intervention to non-adherent older patients (maximum 10 per pharmacy; target n = 60-120) aged ≥ 65 years (reduced to 50 years due to recruitment challenges) and prescribed ≥ 4 regular medicines. The intervention, guided by an iPad web-application, was delivered over 3-4 face-to-face or telephone sessions, tailored to specific barriers to adherence. We assessed the feasibility of collecting adherence data (primary outcome: self-report and dispensing records), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and unplanned hospitalisations (secondary outcomes) at baseline and 6-months. The final decision on progressing to a cRCT, using pre-defined ‘stop-amend-go’ criteria, is presented.

Results
Fifteen pharmacists from 12 pharmacies were recruited and trained. One pharmacy subsequently dropped out. Sixty patients were recruited (meeting the ‘Amend’ progression criteria), with 56 receiving the intervention. Adherence barriers were identified for 55 patients (98%) and a wide range of behaviour change solutions delivered (median: 5 per patient). Self-report and dispensing adherence data were available for 37 (61.7%) and 44 (73.3%) patients, respectively. HRQOL data were available for 35 (58.3%) patients. GP-reported and self-reported hospitalisations data were available for 47 (78.3%) and 23 (38.3%) patients, respectively. All progression concepts were met (nine ‘Go’ and three ‘Amend’ criteria).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the feasibility of key study procedures (e.g. pharmacy recruitment) and delivery of a tailored adherence intervention in community pharmacies. However, modifications are required to enhance issues identified with patient recruitment, retention and missing data. A future definitive cRCT will explore the effectiveness of the intervention.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN73831533, Registered 12 January 2018.
Sensitivity and specificity of tuberculosis signs and symptoms screening and adjunct role of social pathology characteristics in predicting bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis in Myanmar
Authors: Htet Kyaw Ko Ko , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Aung Si Thu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, using tuberculosis signs and symptoms (TB-SS) as a screening tool has become less important due to its low sensitivity and specificity. We analyzed data from the Myanmar National Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey in 2010. The various TB screening models were developed to predict TB by using logistic regression analysis, and their performance on TB prediction was compared by the measures of overall performance, calibration and discrimination ability, and sensitivity and specificity to determine whether social pathology characteristics could be used as a TB screening tool.

Results
Among 51,367 participants, 311 (0.6%) had bacteriologically confirmed TB, of which 37.2% were asymptomatic and 2% had a normal chest X-ray. Out of 32 various combinations of signs and symptoms, having any signs and symptoms gave the best sensitivity of 59.8% and specificity of 67.2%, but chest X-ray (CXR) alone gave the highest sensitivity (95.1%) and specificity (86.3%). The next best combination was cough only with a sensitivity of 24.4% and specificity of 85%. Other combinations had poor sensitivity (< 10%). Among various TB screening models, the overall performance R2 was higher in the combined models of social pathology and TB signs and symptoms as well as the social pathology model, compared to TB-SS models (> 10% versus < 3%), although all TB screening models were perfect to predict TB (Brier score = 0). The social pathology model shows a better calibration, more closer to 45° line of calibration plot with Hosmer-Lemeshow test p value = 0.787, than the combined models while it had a better discrimination ability in area under the curve, AUC = 80.4%, compared to TB-SS models with any signs and symptoms, AUC = 63.5% and with any cough, AUC = 57.1% (DeLong p value = 0.0001). Moreover, at the propensity score cutoff value ≥ 0.0053, the combined and social pathology models had sensitivity of ~ 80% and specificity of ~ 70%. The highest population attributable fraction to predict TB by social pathology characteristics was male gender (42.6%), age ≥ 55 years (31.0%), and underweight (30.4%).

Conclusion
Over one-third of bacteriologically confirmed TB was asymptomatic. The conventional TB-SS screening tool using any TB signs and symptoms had a lower sensitivity and specificity compared to CXR and social pathology screening tools. The social pathology characteristics as TB screening tool had good calibration and can improve the discrimination ability to predict TB than TB-SS screenings and should be encouraged.
A novel plant based intra canal medicament: ease of removal and effect on radicular dentine microhardness
Authors: Aly Yousra , Omar Nada , Kataia Engy M. , Khallaf Maram E. , Zaazou Mohamed H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the remaining amount of intra canal medicament in the root canals and their effect on microhardness of radicular dentine. In this study, ninety straight single-rooted teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction to ensure a uniform root length of 14 mm (± 1 mm). Root canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files till size F5. The teeth were then randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (n = 30); Group 1: Ca(OH)2 pastes (Metapex), Group 2: Moringa oleifera leaf powder mixed with Moringa oleifera extract liquid and Group 3: Moringa oleifera root powder mixed with Moringa oleifera extract liquid. The access openings of all teeth were sealed with Cavit and all teeth were kept in the incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 1 week. After 1 week, the intra canal medicament paste was removed from all teeth. For examination of the ease of removal of the intracanal medicaments, root canals were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual halves and were examined under stereomicroscope at 25× magnification. The remaining amount of intracanal medicaments was calculated using image analysis software (Image j). For microhardness evaluation, forty-five specimens were longitudinally sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction then the roots were split. The root segments were then horizontally embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin leaving their dentin surface exposed. The dentin surface of the mounted specimens was ground flat and smooth and polished to obtain a smooth surface. Microhardness measurement was recorded for each sample at baseline before and after application of the three intracanal medications using Vickers Microhardness Tester at magnification of 100× using a 25 g load for 10 s.

Results
Regarding the evaluation of the ease of removal of the intracanal medicaments after irrigation: apically, the Ca(OH)2 recorded the highest mean value of the residual remnants with a statistically significant difference with both Moringa oleifera leaf and root. The microhardness evaluation results showed that all groups showed increase in the microhardness after application of the intracanal medicament for 1 week with no statistically significant difference between them.

Conclusions
Moringa oleifera could be removed easily from the root canals and showed increase in the microhardness of root canal dentin similar to the commonly used calcium hydroxide.
Comparison of response to LPS-induced sepsis in three DBA/2 stocks derived from different sources
Authors: Park Ji Won , Lee Su Jin , Kim Ji Eun , Kang Mi Ju , Bae Su Ji , Choi Yun Ju , Gong Jeong Eun , Kim Kil Soo , Jung Young-Suk , Cho Joon-Yong , Choi Yeon Shik , Hwang Dae Youn , Song Hyun Keun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSepsis, one of the most fatal diseases in the world, is known to culminate in multiple organ failure due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Hence, the use of animal models in sepsis research is very important to study complex immune responses. The current study was undertaken to compare commercial stocks with KFDA stocks of DBA/2 mice as an animal model for sepsis study. To compare responses of DBA/2 mice to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced sepsis, we measured altered characteristics of various factors associated with sepsis, including survival curves, organ failure and inflammatory response, in DBA/2Korl stock and two commercial stocks (DBA/2A and DBA/2B). Survival rates after LPS exposure were similar for DBA/2Korl and DBA/2B; however, for times over 20 h, survival rates were reduced and concentration dependent in DBA/2A. In order to evaluate multiple organ failure caused by sepsis, H&E stains were evaluated for liver and spleen tissues obtained in the early (2 h) and later (20 h) stages after exposure to LPS; no significant differences were observed between the three stocks. mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were assessed for evaluating inflammatory reactions, and were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in most DBA/2 mice after LPS treatment. However, no changes were observed in the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines at 20 h after LPS exposure in the DBA/2A stock. The induction of inflammation-mediated factors by LPS exposure did not induce alterations in the mRNA levels of COX-2 and iNOS in all three DBA/2 stocks. Our results indicate that response of DBA/2Korl to LPS-induced sepsis is similar to the two commercial DBA/2 stocks, thus representing its potential as a useful biological resource established in Korea.
A systematic review comparing the results of early vs delayed ligament surgeries in single anterior cruciate ligament and multiligament knee injuries
Authors: Kim Seong Hwan , Han Sang-Jin , Park Yong-Beom , Kim Dong-Hyun , Lee Han-Jun , Pujol Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and incidence of concomitant injuries in patients undergoing early vs delayed surgical treatment of single anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and multiligament knee injury (MLKI).

Methods
A literature search using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus from their inception to April 30, 2020 was conducted. Studies with levels I to IV evidence reporting the incidence of meniscus or cartilage injury according to early vs delayed surgery in single ACL injuries and MLKIs were included. In the meta-analysis, data based on the number of meniscus and cartilage injuries were extracted and pooled. Lysholm and Tegner scores were analyzed using two-sample Z-tests to calculate the non-weighted mean difference (NMD). A meta-regression analysis was also performed to determine the effect of single ACL injury and MLKI/study design.

Results
Sixteen studies on single ACL injury and 14 studies on MLKI were included in this analysis. In the analysis, there were significant decreases in Lysholm score (NMD − 5.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) − 7.37 to − 3.23]) and Tegner score (NMD − 0.25 [95% CI − 0.45 to − 0.05]) and increases in risk of meniscus tear (odds ratio [OR] 1.73 [95% CI 1.1–2.73], p = 0.01) and cartilage injury (OR 2.48 [95% CI 1.46–4.2], p = 0.0007) in the delayed surgery group regardless of single ACL injury or MLKI. The result of the meta-regression analysis indicated that single ACL injury and MLKI/study design were not significant moderators of overall heterogeneity (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that delayed ACL surgery significantly resulted in a higher risk of meniscus tear and cartilage injury and decreased Lysholm and Tegner scores compared to early ACL surgery. The Lysholm scores in the delayed MLKI surgery group were significantly decreased, but the risks of meniscus tear and cartilage injury in the delayed MLKI surgery group remained unclear.

Level of evidence
Level III, meta-analysis.