bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method Validation for Estimation of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Maize and Soil by LCMS-MS
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Sharma Smriti , Kang Balpreet K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Validation of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was performed for estimation of imidacloprid (IM) and its metabolites in maize leaves, immature kernels, mature kernels, stalk, and soil using liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with electrospray ionization. The extraction in different matrices of maize and soil was performed using acetonitrile +0.1% formic acid followed by clean-up with primary secondary amine sorbent and anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, matrix effect, ion ratios, quality control, robustness, accuracy, and precision. The validation of all parameters was done in accordance with European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE) guidelines. A linear relationship with high correlation coefficients R2 &gt; 0.99 was obtained for solvents and different matrices viz., maize leaves, immature kernels, mature kernels, stalk, and soil. The recovery and relative standard deviations were ˃78% and ˂5.4%, respectively. This method permits a simple, sensitive, accurate, cost-effective, precise, and rapid extraction of IM and its metabolites from maize leaves, immature kernels, mature kernels, stalks, and soil. This can help the residue analysts to address effective residue estimation, regular monitoring of residues and can also aid in the regulatory and food safety concerns about the usage of IM in maize.
Incidental Detection of Maternal Cancer Following Cell-Free DNA Screening for Fetal Aneuploidies
Authors: Goldlust Ian S , Bianchi Diana W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening is a success story of clinical genomics that has translated to and transformed obstetric care. It is a highly sensitive and specific method of screening for the most common fetal aneuploidies, including trisomies 13, 18, and 21. While primarily designed to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities, the test also analyzes maternal cfDNA, which can complicate interpretation of results. Occasionally, abnormalities in cfDNA that do not align with fetal aneuploidy may indicate benign or malignant maternal disease states, presenting unique diagnostic challenges and opportunities.

Content
This review explores the methods and implications of incidental cancer detection through prenatal cfDNA screening. Early case reports noted instances in which abnormal cfDNA results, initially suggestive of fetal aneuploidies, led to post-pregnancy diagnoses of maternal cancers. Subsequent large retrospective studies have established significant correlations between atypical prenatal cfDNA results and undiagnosed maternal malignancies. Abnormal cfDNA profiles, particularly those indicating multiple aneuploidies, first require fetal diagnostic tests, such as amniocentesis. If the fetal studies are normal, further investigation into a maternal source should proceed. Clinical management of these findings may involve a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating advanced imaging techniques and genetic counseling to ensure timely and accurate maternal diagnoses.

Summary
The integration of genome-wide analysis and innovative bioinformatics tools into prenatal cfDNA screening has enhanced its ability to identify potential cancer cases. Developing standardized guidelines for reporting and managing incidental findings is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and mitigating psychological impacts on expectant persons and their partners.
Economic and equity evaluation of age restrictions on over-the-counter diet pills and muscle-building supplements
Authors: Tschampl Cynthia A , Tabata-Kelly Masami , Lee Mary R , Soranno Elena , Barman Upanita , Raffoul Amanda , Austin S Bryn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over-the-counter diet pills and muscle-building supplements are linked to increased eating disorder diagnoses, especially among youth. With limited regulatory oversight, minors may unknowingly consume harmful substances leading to other adverse effects. Massachusetts has proposed restricting sales to individuals under 18 years. However, concerns about health equity and unintended consequences arise when proposing new policies. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the proposed age-restriction policy compared to the status quo, focusing on 2 closed cohorts of males and females aged 0-17 years in Massachusetts over a 30-year time horizon. We evaluated the impact from both societal and health systems’ perspectives and further assessed equity implications by modeling 3 racial/ethnic subgroups. The policy is projected to prevent 57 034 eating disorder cases and over 46 000 additional adverse medical events (eg, liver injuries). It would yield 51 749 quality-adjusted life years and generate healthcare savings of $14 million and societal savings of $30 million annually. The Latine subpopulation would see the highest per capita health benefits followed by Black and White residents, respectively. Restricting the sale of these supplements to minors offers both health and economic benefits. These findings underscore the policy's effectiveness, fiscal responsibility, and positive equity impacts, providing confidence for policymakers and the public.
Regulation of storage organ formation by long-distance tuberigen signals in potato
Authors: Bao Xinru , Zhu Yunke , Li Guangcun , Liu Lu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Potatoes are valued as reliable crops due to their high carbohydrate content and relatively low farming demands. Consequently, significant attention has been directed towards understanding and controlling the life cycle of potato tubers in recent years. Notably, recent studies have identified SELF PRUNING 6A (StSP6A) as a key component of the tuberigen, the mobile signal for tuber formation, produced in leaves and then transported underground to induce tuber formation in potatoes. Recent progress in comprehending the signaling mechanisms that regulate StSP6A by photoperiod and ambient temperature components, its long-distance transport into underground tissue, and its involvement in regulating stolon tuberization has advanced significantly. Consequently, the modulation of StSP6A and other possible tuberigen signals, along with their regulatory pathways, significantly impacts potato domestication and crop yield. This progress highlights the differential regulation of tuberigen signals and their potential functions in promoting tuber formation.
Cefiderocol AST in a real-life Klebsiella pneumoniae collection: challenges in the ATU range
Authors: Castillo-Polo Juan Antonio , Hernández-García Marta , Maruri-Aransolo Ainhize , Morosini María-Isabel , Ruiz-Garbajosa Patricia , Cantón Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
FDC susceptibility testing is challenging as none of the commercial tests have been proven to accurately determine the susceptibility in the area of technical uncertainty (ATU). Here, we evaluated the performance of different FDC testing methods on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates around this range.

Methods
A challenging collection of 104 K. pneumoniae isolates with different FDC susceptibility was designed, including high representation (70%) of the 2024-ATU (21–23 mm) ± 1 mm. MICs were determined by broth-microdilution (BMD) reference method, commercial BMD (ComASP®, EUMDROXF®), MIC-gradient strips (Liofilchem) and disk-diffusion (DD) (Liofilchem, ThermoFisher). MIC devices evaluation was performed following ISO 20776-2:2021, calculating essential agreement (EA) and bias. DD results were evaluated following 2023 and 2024-EUCAST-guidelines, calculating major errors (ME) and very major errors. Categorical agreement (CA) was determined for all the methods.

Results
Overall, EUMDROXF® and ComASP® showed 81.7% (95% CI = 72.9–88.6) and 88.5% (95% CI = 80.8–93.9) EA, +2.6% and +27.9% bias and 99.0% (95% CI = 94.7–99.9) and 98.1% (95% CI = 93.3–99.8) CA, respectively. Liofilchem MIC-gradient strips exhibited 47.1% (95% CI = 37.2–57.1) EA, +2.9% bias and 93.3% (95% CI = 86.7–97.3) CA. In DD, variability between manufacturers was elevated. CA lowered and ME increased more than 10% with 2024-EUCAST-breakpoints modification.

Conclusions
DD performance was insufficient to assess FDC resistance in K. pneumoniae and modification of EUCAST-breakpoints did not solve the problem. ComASP® panel fulfilled ISO criteria and could be used as MIC-confirmatory method, at least in K. pneumoniae. However, EUMDROXF®, even close, did not fulfil the EA criterion. MIC-gradient strips exhibited major limitations.
A Committee-Based Diagnostic Stewardship Model for Pathogen Metagenomic Sequencing in Children
Authors: Allen Brian S , Kidd Mehgan , Sue Paul K , Filkins Laura M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pathogen detection offers the potential for broad pathogen detection directly from clinical specimens. However, the yield and impact of testing is variable, financial cost is high, and questions surrounding its optimal use remain. Our pediatric institution used a clinical committee-based approach to discuss and approve or deny mNGS test requests. In this study, we evaluate the patient characteristics for which mNGS testing was considered, test yield, and clinical impact of mNGS results when employing this model of diagnostic stewardship.

Methods
Patients for which plasma cell-free DNA mNGS testing was requested and assessed by the clinical committee between August 1, 2018, and April 30, 2021, were included. The committee discussion emails were used to evaluate reasons for making the test request and treatment plans. Patient characteristics and additional clinical information were gathered by chart review. For approved cases, the clinical impact of the mNGS results were retrospectively adjudicated by infectious disease and clinical microbiology experts.

Results
Twelve requests for plasma cell-free DNA mNGS were evaluated and 9 were approved. mNGS results led to a positive clinical management change in 55% of approved requests. Negative clinical impact of mNGS testing did not occur during the study. The patients for which testing requests were denied had resolution of symptoms without further intervention.

Conclusions
This committee-based test request approval diagnostic stewardship model has the potential to support high-yield mNGS testing while using healthcare resources responsibly.
Cost-Effective Drug Testing: Analytical Methodology, Best Practices, and Clinical Utility
Authors: Chenoweth James A , LaValley Clayton K , Eberhardt Cara S , Colby Daniel K , Albertson Timothy E , Tran Nam K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Drug overdose-related deaths continue to increase globally. Testing demands have likewise increased, prompting healthcare facilities to adopt a range of methods, from simple point-of-care immunoassays to comprehensive chromatographic and mass spectrometry-based techniques. Each of these testing methods has trade-offs related to cost, performance, speed, and convenience, requiring healthcare facilities to carefully determine the best options to meet their clinical needs. Unfortunately, current testing practices may result in unnecessary costs and certain methods, such as immunoassays, have significant limitations that affect their clinical utility. As such, the goal of this review is to frame the current state of drug testing and related cost-effectiveness and patient centered approaches to address this evolving public health challenge.

Content
This review discusses the current state of substance use mortality/morbidity, the economic impact of substance use disorders, provides an overview of testing methods and their relative cost-benefit, solutions to improve test utilization and cost-effectiveness, and finally, future threats and new opportunities that can improve the clinical utility of these tests.

Summary
The cost-effectiveness of drugs of abuse testing revolves around proper test utilization, including understanding what test is being ordered, its limitations, understanding results, and ordering testing when it can provide actionable information. Fundamental principles of test utilization such as education, clinical informatics, and optimizing test panels remain essential. Future threats in this space include new compounds and regulatory changes. However, novel solutions such as new noninvasive sample types, automation, and artificial intelligence can play a significant role in improving overall test utilization practices.
One Size Fits Small: The Narrow Utility for Plasma Metagenomics
Authors: Graf Erin H , Bryan Andrew , Bowers Michael , Grys Thomas E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing of plasma has been advertised by Karius, Inc. as a way to diagnose a variety of infectious syndromes. Due to the lack of robust evidence of clinical utility, our laboratory began actively stewarding Karius testing. Microbiology Directors recommended cancelation of Karius orders when certain criteria were identified. We set out to review Karius test requests in a 52-month period of stewardship, during which we recommended cancellation on 21 of 57 orders (37%). Of Karius tests sent on samples with negative conventional testing, only 3 (7%) had positive results for Karius with plausible explanatory etiologies. Of these three cases, two were empirically covered for the positive finding without improvement and one case was never treated. Twelve (29%) had positive results that were noted by infectious diseases (ID) to reflect insignificant detections. Given the 4-fold higher detection of insignificant Karius results, we set out to systematically analyze the literature for the experience of insignificant detections at other centers. When we compared studies that included healthy controls or had clinical adjudication of positive Karius findings by ID physicians, we found a median of 17.5% of individual patients that had positive insignificant detections of potential pathogenic bacteria or fungi. The most frequently detected species were as likely to be clinically adjudicated to be insignificant as they were to be significant within the same studies. Overall, these findings highlight limited utility of Karius testing and a need for careful stewardship, not only to ensure it is sent on patients who may benefit, but also to ensure results of potential pathogens are interpreted cautiously.
Screening with Metoclopramide Test to Reduce Unnecessary Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Studies in Moderate Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Moreno Ana , Deza Sara , Salvador Javier , Galofre Juan C , González Álvaro , Alegre Estibaliz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In prolactinoma diagnosis, current guidelines recommend prolactin (PRL) assessment, considering values exceeding 200 ng/mL highly suggestive of prolactinoma. However, subtler hyperprolactinemia is more common, and to rule out potential prolactinomas, pituitary resonance magnetic imaging (MRI) studies are necessary. These present limitations in terms of availability, costs, and delays in diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the screening utility of the metoclopramide (MCP) test in identifying patients with moderate hyperprolactinemia for whom MRI studies might be unnecessary.

Methods
We retrospectively selected patients with moderate hyperprolactinemia, with an MCP test and a pituitary MRI within the same assistance, and with no interfering pharmacological treatment. Increases in PRL (ΔPRLMax) and thyrotropin (ΔTSHMax) after MCP infusion were compared according to MRI findings: patients with microadenoma (&lt;10 mm; n = 23), with macroadenoma (≥10 mm; n = 5), or without adenoma (n = 39).

Results
ΔPRLMax exceeds baseline PRL capability to identify patients with an adenoma (area under the curve = 0.872 vs 0.776). ΔPRLMax below 220% identifies 100% of these patients with 71% of specificity. This screening would have avoided 42% of MRI, resulting in a cost savings of 34%. Analysis of ΔTSHMax only slightly increased specificity when considered as a secondary criterion. Test duration can be shortened to 30 min without compromising its screening capability.

Conclusions
A short MCP test is a useful and cost-effective screening tool to avoid unnecessary MRI. Its simplicity allows its performance in almost any clinical facility to easily rule out prolactinoma in an important percentage of patients, something of upmost importance especially in regions where MRI facilities or their access are limited.
Developing Benchmarking Metrics for Appropriate Ordering of Vitamin D, Thyroid Testing, and Iron Workups
Authors: Liao Hsuan-Chieh , Saitman Alec , Dickerson Jane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Laboratory stewardship programs are increasingly adopted to enhance test utilization and improve patient care. Despite their potential, implementation within complex healthcare systems remains challenging. Benchmarking metrics helps institutions compare their performance against peers or best practices. However, the application in laboratory stewardship is underrepresented in the literature.

Methods
The PLUGS (Patient-centered Laboratory Utiliazation Guidance Services) Informatics Working Group developed guidelines to address common test utilization issues. Metrics were based on data that are easily retrievable and calculable. Three key benchmarks were chosen for a pilot study: the ratio of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D test orders, the ratio of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to free thyroxine (FT4) test orders, and the percentage of iron workup orders after an initial low mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Institutions analyzed their own data and we established optimal benchmarks through inter-laboratory comparisons.

Results
Nine laboratories evaluated vitamin D testing, with 2 implementing stewardship interventions beforehand. A benchmark of 50:1 was established, where a higher ratio indicates intentional ordering of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Nine laboratories evaluated thyroid testing, with 3 implementing interventions. The benchmark of 3.5:1 was established, with a higher ratio suggesting judicious TSH ordering. Seven laboratories evaluated iron workups, proposing a benchmark of 50% as a starting metric. Intervention guidelines were provided for laboratories below the benchmarks to promote improvement.

Conclusions
Benchmarking metrics provide a standardized framework for assessing and enhancing test utilization practices across multiple laboratories. Continued collaboration and refinement of benchmarking methodologies is essential in maximizing the impact of laboratory stewardship programs on patient safety and resource utilization.
What Is Diagnostic Stewardship?
Authors: Claeys Kimberly C , Coffey K C , Morgan Daniel J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic stewardship is a set of clinically based changes to the ordering, processing, and reporting of diagnostic tests designed to improve patient outcomes (through decreased inappropriate testing, and reduced patient harm from wrong, delayed, or missed diagnosis). It shares a common philosophy with laboratory stewardship but has some key differences.

Content
Laboratory stewardship focuses primarily on pre- and post-analytical components of the testing process. Laboratory stewardship encourages laboratorians to engage clinical partners in discussion around the impact of pre- and post-analytical components of testing. Diagnostic stewardship extends laboratory stewardship into clinical medicine as it considers the clinician’s interaction and experience with the ordering system and attempts to modify clinical thinking, even before a test is ordered. Diagnostic stewardship then goes beyond the post-analytic laboratory interpretation of results to contextualize those results in evidence-based best practice recommendations. Compared to laboratory stewardship, diagnostic stewardship is clinician led vs laboratorian led, utilizes clinician-focused terminology rather than laboratory-specific language, and incorporates clinician decision support and behavioral economics to drive behavior change.

Summary
There are many complementary principles and activities between laboratory and diagnostic stewardship, and collaboration allows both programs to grow and improve patient overall quality of care.
The Use of Social Media to Promote Lab Medicine to Students, Patients, and the General Public
Authors: Wu Alan H B , Camargo Diana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The clinical laboratory provides critical information by which medical decisions are made. However, few understand the effort and support required to deliver high-quality results. This has led to unfavorable federal legislation that threatens the ability of laboratorians to be innovative and advance the field.

Methods
A social media campaign was launched in late 2023 in an attempt to educate the general public as to the value of the clinical lab in hopes of reversing this trend. Featured topics include clinical chemistry, microbiology, toxicology, molecular diagnostics, and clinical microbiology.

Results
To date, 26 posts have been made via a popular social media site. Each of these videos is between 2 and 3 minutes long and features an individual who endures a medical condition or medicolegal situation where clinical laboratory results are central to the outcome of the case. Using social media vernacular, the popularity of these videos is reflected by the number of “views,” “likes,” and “followers.” To date, these values are 5 million, 86 000, and 44 000, respectively. It is difficult if not impossible to objectively document the long-term impact of this social media campaign on the profession.

Conclusions
An alternative means of promoting the field of laboratory medicine is required if the field is to be adequately funded and staffed to meet current and future testing goals.
Opioid hair concentrations using retrospective prescription data from a United States workplace testing population
Authors: Stowe G. Neil , Paulsen Ryan B , Schaffer Michael I 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Opioids are widely prescribed pain medications that have the potential for misuse and abuse. As part of a routine procedure, Psychemedics frequently encounters questions from clients/Medical Review Officers regarding opioid hair concentrations in relation to the amount of opioids taken as part of a prescription. In this article, we have analyzed a large number of real-world examples of opioid hair concentrations following self-reported consumption of an opioid prescription regimen. This dataset provides a reference point of opioid hair concentrations after an extensive aqueous wash that likely corresponds to consumption of an opioid prescription regimen. Practitioners in the field could use this reference to make decisions on the opioid concentration of a hair sample in relation to a client-provided prescription.
Profiling translation in the nervous system
Authors: Ichinose Toshiharu , Tanimoto Hiromu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Regulation at the level of translation is critical in the nervous system, such as for the formation of cell-type-specific proteomes or plastic changes in neural circuits. Whilst current knowledge of the translatome is relatively limited compared to transcriptome, a growing array of tools to analyse translation is becoming available. In this review, we discuss techniques for profiling translation on a genome-wide scale with a special emphasis on cell-type-specific analyses in the nervous system. This includes polysome-profiling-seq, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP)-seq and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq). We review recent advances to achieve spatial resolution of translatome analysis, such as genetic labelling of the targeted cells and cell sorting, and discuss the biological implications of translational regulation in the brain and potential future extensions.