bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in Takayasu’s arteritis has a high risk of hypertension‐related fetomaternal complications: A retrospective study of a Turkish cohort
Authors: Gönenli Mehmet Gökhan , Kaymaz Tahra Sema , Kara Mete , Keser Gökhan , Yazıcı Ayten , Erden Abdulsamet , Omma Ahmet , Gerçik Önay , Akar Servet , Aksu Kenan , Kenar Gökçe , Kocaer Sinem Burcu , Önen Fatoş , Ersözlü Duygu , Alibaz‐Öner Fatma , Bayramlar Osman Faruk , Direskeneli Haner , Alpay‐Kanıtez Nilüfer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine fetomaternal outcomes in pregnant women in a large Turkish Takayasu arteritis (TAK) cohort and to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on the disease in those patients.MethodsThis is a cohort study involving 296 pregnancies of 112 TAK patients from 8 tertiary rheumatology centers in Turkey. Pregnancies were divided into 2 groups as pre‐d (before disease onset) and post‐d (after disease onset). In addition, post‐d pregnancies were further divided into 2 subgroups according to fetomaternal complications (FMC) development status. Finally, patients were grouped into those with and without a history of pregnancy after disease onset.ResultsIn post‐d pregnancies, rates of worsening hypertension, new‐onset hypertension, and preeclampsia were higher than in pre‐d pregnancies (0.9% vs 16%, P < .001, 0.5% vs 5.3%, P = .012, and 0% vs 4%, P = .013, respectively). Patients with FMC were more likely to have renal artery involvement (65% vs 21%, P = .003). The patients who had post‐d were younger, had longer disease duration, and had more relapses number than other patients (P < .001, P = .028, P = .016, respectively). Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) results were similar in patients with or without post‐d pregnancies.ConclusionPregnancies after disease onset were found to be associated with HT and preeclampsia/eclampsia. HT‐related FMCs are increased in TAK, and patients with renal artery involvement are at higher risk. The number of relapses increases in patients who become pregnant after disease onset, but pregnancy was not an independent risk factor for relapse. Pregnancy after the onset of disease had no negative effect on VDI.
Optimal pricing, private information and search for an outside offer
Authors: Auster Sarah , Kos Nenad , Piccolo Salvatore 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA buyer can either buy a good at a local monopolist or search for it in the market. The more intensely the buyer searches, the more likely he will find the good in the market; if his search fails, he can still buy it from the local monopolist. We show that a buyer with a higher willingness to pay searches (weakly) more intensely. This skews the distribution of types buying at the local monopolist toward lower valuations and exerts pressure on the local monopolist to reduce his price. Despite this effect, offering the monopoly price remains weakly optimal in equilibrium.
Best regimens for treating chemo‐naïve incurable squamous non‐small cell lung cancer with a programmed death‐ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 1%–49%: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Fukuda Nobuhiko , Horita Nobuyuki , Namkoong Ho , Kaneko Ayami , Somekawa Kohei , Tagami Yoichi , Watanabe Keisuke , Hara Yu , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. It is advisable to select the appropriate treatment based on characteristics of the cancer such as pathology, mutations, and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) levels. In this study, by remarking squamous NSCLC with low PD‐L1 expression without mutations, we investigated the efficacy and safety of regimens that included molecularly targeted drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) through a network meta‐analysis.MethodsDatabases were searched systematically to identify appropriate articles, in which randomized trials with incurable squamous NSCLC were described. Suitable studies were manually checked by two reviewers. A random model network meta‐analysis was conducted, in which the primary outcome was the overall survival rate.ResultsWe identified 48 studies, which included 16 391 patients. When a platinum + third‐generation cytotoxic agent regimen (platinum regimen) was a reference, the platinum regimen + pembrolizumab (Pemb) yielded the best results in regard to the overall survival rate when compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36–0.90, p = 0.016) followed by the platinum regimen + nivolumab (Niv) + ipilimumab (Ipi) (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84, p = 0.003). However, the efficacy of ICI monotherapy was not statistically different from that of the platinum regimen.ConclusionsThe combination therapies, which were the platinum regimen + Pemb and the platinum regimen + Niv + Ipi, rather than ICI monotherapy were effective first‐line agents for treating squamous NSCLC with low PD‐L1 levels.
Circulating tumor DNA predicts the outcome of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Chao , Zhou Huan , Liu Dan , Chen Runze , Li Xiuhua , Cheng Ye , Gao Bing , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has potential as a specific, noninvasive, and cost‐effective new biomarker for patients with lung cancer. This study aimed to determine whether plasma ctDNA can be used to predict treatment outcomes in patients with lung cancer.MethodsPre‐ and in‐treatment blood samples were collected from 14 patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Based on next‐generation sequencing technology, we constructed a unique molecular identifier (UMI) library and performed targeted deep sequencing of 72 genes (15 000×). We used dVAF to evaluate the change level and trend of variant allele frequency (VAF).ResultsWe identified MUC16, KMT2D, AMER1, and NTRK1 as the most‐frequently mutated genes in ctDNA associated with lung cancer. Furthermore, we showed that the change trend of dVAF in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy was closely related to the changes in both tumor volume and tumor biomarkers, including CEA, CA125, NSE, and CK (Cytokeratin). Moreover, the ctDNA analysis revealed disease progression of SCLC patients earlier than did computed tomography.ConclusionsThe dynamic detection of plasma ctDNA VAF has the potential value as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with SCLC and advanced NSCLC, and may predict the progression of lung cancer patients earlier than radiography.
Dual methylation and hydroxymethylation study of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Clark Shaunna L. , Chan Robin F. , Zhao Min , Xie Lin Y. , Copeland William E. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Aberg Karolina A. , van den Oord Edwin J. C. G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing an integrative, multi‐tissue design, we sought to characterize methylation and hydroxymethylation changes in blood and brain associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). First, we used epigenomic deconvolution to perform cell‐type‐specific methylome‐wide association studies within subpopulations of granulocytes/T‐cells/B‐cells/monocytes in 1132 blood samples. Blood findings were then examined for overlap with AUD‐related associations with methylation and hydroxymethylation in 50 human post‐mortem brain samples. Follow‐up analyses investigated if overlapping findings mediated AUD‐associated transcription changes in the same brain samples. Lastly, we replicated our blood findings in an independent sample of 412 individuals and aimed to replicate published alcohol methylation findings using our results. Cell‐type‐specific analyses in blood identified methylome‐wide significant associations in monocytes and T‐cells. The monocyte findings were significantly enriched for AUD‐related methylation and hydroxymethylation in brain. Hydroxymethylation in specific sites mediated AUD‐associated transcription in the same brain samples. As part of the most comprehensive methylation study of AUD to date, this work involved the first cell‐type‐specific methylation study of AUD conducted in blood, identifying and replicating a finding in DLGAP1 that may be a blood‐based biomarker of AUD. In this first study to consider the role of hydroxymethylation in AUD, we found evidence for a novel mechanism for cognitive deficits associated with AUD. Our results suggest promising new avenues for AUD research.
Clinical management of cannabis withdrawal
Authors: Connor Jason P. , Stjepanović Daniel , Budney Alan J. , Le Foll Bernard , Hall Wayne D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis withdrawal is a well‐characterized phenomenon that occurs in approximately half of regular and dependent cannabis users after abrupt cessation or significant reductions in cannabis products that contain Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This review describes the diagnosis, prevalence, course and management of cannabis withdrawal and highlights opportunities for future clinical research.MethodsNarrative review of literature.ResultsSymptom onset typically occurs 24–48 hours after cessation and most symptoms generally peak at days 2–6, with some symptoms lasting up to 3 weeks or more in heavy cannabis users. The most common features of cannabis withdrawal are anxiety, irritability, anger or aggression, disturbed sleep/dreaming, depressed mood and loss of appetite. Less common physical symptoms include chills, headaches, physical tension, sweating and stomach pain. Despite limited empirical evidence, supportive counselling and psychoeducation are the first‐line approaches in the management of cannabis withdrawal. There are no medications currently approved specifically for medically assisted withdrawal (MAW). Medications have been used to manage short‐term symptoms (e.g. anxiety, sleep, nausea). A number of promising pharmacological agents have been examined in controlled trials, but these have been underpowered and positive findings not reliably replicated. Some (e.g. cannabis agonists) are used ‘off‐label’ in clinical practice. Inpatient admission for MAW may be clinically indicated for patients who have significant comorbid mental health disorders and polysubstance use to avoid severe complications.ConclusionsThe clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal is that its symptoms may precipitate relapse to cannabis use. Complicated withdrawal may occur in people with concurrent mental health and polysubstance use.
Understanding contexts of smoking and vaping among dual users: analysis of ecological momentary assessment data
Authors: Piper Megan E. , Baker Timothy B. , Zwaga Deejay , Bolt Daniel M. , Kobinsky Kate H. , Jorenby Douglas E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo understand dual users’ cigarette and e‐cigarette use patterns, including the contexts in which they vape versus smoke and to understand how environmental and internal contexts and smoking patterns differ between dual users and exclusive smokers.DesignLongitudinal observational trial.SettingResearch center in Wisconsin, USA.ParticipantsAdult dual users (n = 162) and adults who exclusively smoked (n = 143), with no plans to quit smoking or vaping in the next 30 days.MeasurementsParticipants carried smartphones for 2 weeks at baseline to record each use event for the two products and report on the context of their product use. The percentage of mornings where participants vaped first versus smoked were used to compute e‐cigarette dependence.FindingsHierarchical linear regression models with random slopes and intercepts examined the within‐ and between‐subject effects of context on the likelihood of vaping (versus smoking); significant fixed effects were tested for moderation by e‐cigarette dependence. Dual users reported significantly more puffs/cigarette [mean = 13.1, standard deviation (SD) = 10.2] than puffs/vape event (mean = 11.7, SD = 11.5; P = 0.01). E‐cigarette dependence moderated the influence of social cues (t‐ratio = 2.4, P = 0.02) and smoking restrictions (t‐ratio = 3.1, P = 0.003) on the likelihood of vaping versus smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.30, P = 0.02]. Context was more related to which product was used in those of low versus higher e‐cigarette dependence. Reports of strong cravings to smoke and positive expectancies for cigarettes were associated with a reduced likelihood of vaping, whereas strong cravings to vape and positive vaping expectancies were related to increased likelihood of vaping.ConclusionsAmong dual users of cigarettes and e‐cigarettes with no motivation to quit, vaping appears to be related to internal cues and more highly linked with social contexts and smoking restrictions (i.e. under stronger external stimulus control) among those with low to moderate e‐cigarette dependence compared with high e‐cigarette dependence. These findings illustrate the importance of contextual factors in tobacco product use among dual users with the influence of context being reduced at high levels of e‐cigarette dependence.
The effect of cognitive function on the poor's economic performance: Evidence from Cambodian smallholder farmers
Authors: Bruns Selina , Dalheimer Bernhard , Musshoff Oliver 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite manifold policy interventions, poverty still exists. Those most harshly affected are people living in rural areas of low‐income countries. A seminal strand in the literature presents a promising avenue for analyzing the lives of the poor by suggesting that poverty impedes cognitive function. However, the real‐world consequences of impeded cognitive function are yet to be discovered. We ask whether the level of cognitive function can help to explain the differences in economic performance of the poor. We conducted a field study in rural Cambodia using the well‐established Raven's Progressive Matrix to elicit cognitive function. Employing stochastic frontier analysis, we find that the level of cognitive function of poor smallholder farmers helps in explaining differences in economic performance. Our findings suggest that impeded cognitive function results in a negative economic performance feedback loop, which can be a reason why some farmers appear to be stuck in poverty while others manage to escape it.
Aged care nurses’ perception of unwanted sexual behaviour in Australian residential aged care services
Authors: Smith Daisy E. , Wright Meghan T. , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore aged care nurses’ awareness and experience of unwanted sexual behaviour (USB) in residential aged care services (RACS).MethodsAn anonymous online questionnaire was administered to an opportunistic sample of RACS nurses enrolled to complete an e‐learning course in Australia. From the 167 participants who expressed interest to enrol, 129 were eligible and 53 returned completed consent forms.Results46/53 responded of which most were females (41/45, 91.1%). Few respondents reported resident‐resident USB (<35%) or staff‐resident USB (<22%) happened once a year. Most respondents had not been informed by a resident of USB (>75%) or had personally reported USB within their internal reporting system (>77%). Respondents were also unaware if their facility had lodged an incident report to the regulator or law enforcement authorities within the past 12 months (34/46, 73.9%). Finally, most considered there to be no barriers to reporting USB (35/46, 77.8%).ConclusionsRespondents’ awareness and estimates of USB directed at residents were much lower than known national prevalence rates. This lack of awareness could be a substantive barrier to recognition and optimal management of this form of abuse.
Incisional hernia following ileostomy closure: who's at risk? The Gold Coast experience
Authors: Bloomfield Ian , Dobson Benjamin , Von Papen Michael , Clark David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiverting ileostomy is utilized to protect high‐risk anastomoses, though it is not shown to reduce the leak rate it may reduce the severe consequences of an anastamotic leak. In recent years mesh development has advanced to allow placement of meshes into potentially contaminated fields, such as an ostomy closure site.MethodA retrospective review of all ileostomy closure procedures in Gold Coast from 1st January 2011 until 31st December 2018 were included. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes and follow up reviewed to identify any cases of incisional hernia relating to ostomy closure.ResultsA total of 193 patients were identified, after exclusions 171 were suitable for analysis within the study, a total of 25 incisional hernia detected radiologically or clinically. Two independent risk factors were identified BMI >30 and ASA 3–4. Both had significant association with development of incisional hernia with a 3‐ and 2‐fold RR increase, respectively. This was also reflected in a subset analysis of BMI ranges demonstrating increased risk in the obese and severely obese group.DiscussionThe high‐risk group in our population was elevated BMI and ASA, these are the patients we would expect to benefit the most from targeted therapy to reduce the incidence of incisional hernia. Future studies to look at whether reducing BMI or prophylactic mesh placement are effective.
Effects of paeoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate on the pharmacokinetics, excretion and tissue distribution of leflunomide in rats
Authors: Xiao Ning , Xiao Feng , Gao Jinzhang , Xu Zhengkun , Wang Qianlei , Kuai Jiajie , Wei Wei , Wang Chun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPaeoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate (CP‐25) is a novel ester derivative of paeoniflorin, which has been shown to have synergistic pharmacodynamic effects with leflunomide (LEF). To determine the effects of CP‐25 on the pharmacokinetics of LEF in rats, we developed a ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS)‐based method for the determination of levels of teriflunomide (TER, an active metabolite of LEF). This method was used to determine TER concentrations in the plasma, urine, faeces and bile; heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestinal, brain and synovial tissues; and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rats in the control (LEF [10 mg/kg]) and combined (CP‐25 [50 mg/kg × 7d] plus LEF [10 mg/kg]) groups. TER area under the curve [AUC], Tmax, mean residence time (MRT), t1/2α and t1/2β were significantly lower, and clearance (CL) was significantly higher in the combined group than in the control group. Oral CP‐25 administration in combination with LEF was found to promote TER excretion in urine, faeces and bile and to reduce its contents in most tissues and organs, especially in the liver, which may reduce LEF‐induced liver injury. CP‐25 also increased TER exposure in the synovium and its absorption by PBMCs, and this could explain the synergistic effects of CP‐25 and LEF.
Correlates of higher‐risk drug‐related behaviours at music festivals in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Healey Amy , Siefried Krista J. , Harrod Mary Ellen , Franklin Erica , Peacock Amy , Barratt Monica J. , Brett Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are few contemporary data on illicit drug use at music festivals. We describe drug use patterns and prevalence of specific higher‐risk drug‐related behaviours, and their associations with festivalgoer characteristics.MethodsWe approached attendees at six major music festivals in New South Wales, Australia, from November 2019 to March 2020. Participants self‐completed an anonymous survey on prior and intended drug use and associated higher‐risk behaviours; double dropping; higher‐volume ethanol alongside drug use; higher quantity 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); mixing stimulants; and preloading. Logistic regression and UpSet analyses were performed to identify festivalgoer characteristics and the intersection of high‐risk behaviours, respectively.ResultsOf 1229 participants, 372 (30.3%) used or planned to use drugs at the festival. In multivariable analyses, men and those purchasing drugs both inside and outside the venue had greater odds of engaging in higher‐risk behaviours. Of those using MDMA, 47.9% reported double dropping. People using drugs for the first time had 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2–8.7) greater odds of higher‐volume ethanol alongside drug use. People reporting that police/police dog presence influenced their decision to take drugs had 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4–3.6) greater odds of preloading. In UpSet analysis, preloading was the most common intersection (17% of those using drugs).Discussions and ConclusionsEngagement in the five higher‐risk drug behaviours was common, particularly amongst males and those using drugs for the first time, while police/police dog presence appeared to influence higher‐risk behaviours amongst festival attendees. This information can be used to inform harm reduction advice, public health and law enforcement strategies.
The elevational ascent and spread of exotic annual grass dominance in the Great Basin, USA
Authors: Smith Joseph T. , Allred Brady W. , Boyd Chad S. , Davies Kirk W. , Jones Matthew O. , Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Morford Scott L. , Naugle David E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimIn the western United States, sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and salt desert shrublands are rapidly transitioning to communities dominated by exotic annual grasses, a novel and self‐reinforcing state that threatens the economic sustainability and conservation value of rangelands. Climate change is predicted to favour annual grasses, potentially pushing transitions to annual grass dominance into higher elevations and north‐facing aspects. We sought to quantify expansion of annual grass‐dominated vegetation communities along topographic gradients over the past several decades.LocationOur analysis focused on rangelands among three ecoregions in the Great Basin of the western United States, where several species of exotic annual grasses are widespread among shrub and perennial grass‐dominated vegetation communities.MethodsWe used recently developed remote sensing‐based rangeland vegetation data to produce yearly maps of annual grass‐dominated vegetation communities spanning 1990–2020. With these maps, we quantified the rate of spread and characterized changes in the topographic distribution (i.e. elevation and aspect) of areas transitioning to annual grass dominance.ResultsWe documented more than an eightfold increase in annual grass‐dominated area since 1990, occurring at an average rate of >2,300 km2 year−1 (0.6% of the area of Great Basin rangelands). In 2020, annual grasses dominated approximately one‐fifth (>77,000 km2) of Great Basin rangelands. This rapid expansion was associated with a broadening topographic niche, with widespread movement into higher elevations and north‐facing aspects consistent with predicted effects of a warming climate.Main conclusionsMore than a century after first appearing in the region, exotic annual grasses continue to proliferate and establish dominance in new environments across the Great Basin. Accelerated, strategic intervention is critically needed to conserve vulnerable sagebrush and salt desert shrub communities not yet heavily invaded. In this era of warming, future climate provides important context for selecting from among alternative management actions and judging long‐term prospects of success.