bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming pressure traps at the snow line to isolate isotopic reservoirs in the absence of a planet
Authors: Charnoz S. , Avice G. , Hyodo R. , Pignatale F. C. , Chaussidon M. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Pressure maxima are regions in protoplanetary disks in which pebbles can be trapped because the regions have no local pressure gradient. These regions could be ideal places in which planetesimals might be formed or to isotopic reservoirs might be isolated. Observations of protoplanetary disks show that dusty ring structures are common, and pressure maxima are sometimes invoked as a possible explanation. In our Solar System, pressure bumps have been suggested as a possible mechanism for separating reservoirs with different nucleosynthetic compositions that are identified among chondrites and iron meteorites. In this paper, we detail a mechanism by which pressure maxima form just inward of the snow line in stratified disks (with a dead zone and an active layer). This mechanism does not require the presence of a planet.Aims.We investigate the conditions for the formation of pressure maxima using a vertically averagedαviscosity model and release of water vapor at the snow line.Methods.We considered a 1Dαdisk model. Using a combination of analytical and numerical investigations, we explored the range of conditions for a pressure maximum to form inside the dead zone and just inward of the snow line.Results.When the vertically averagedαis a decreasing function of the surface density, then the release of water vapor at the snow line decreases the sound velocity, and a pressure bump appears in turn. This requires a constant inflow of icy pebbles with a ratio of the pebble influx to gas influx >0.6 for a power-law disk with a 1% ice-to-gas ratio, and >1.8 for a disk with an ice-to-gas ratio ~0.3%. If these conditions are met, then a pressure maximum appears just inward of the snow line due to a process that couples the dead and active layers at the evaporation front. The pressure bump survives as long as the icy pebble flux is high enough. The formation of the pressure bump is triggered by the decrease in sound velocity inward of the snow line through the release of water vapor.Conclusions.This mechanism is promising for isolating early reservoirs carrying different isotopic signatures in the Solar System and for promoting dry planetesimal formation inward of the snow line, provided the vertically averaged description of a dead zone is valid.
Biosignatures of the Earth
Authors: Patty C. H. Lucas , Kühn Jonas G. , Lambrev Petar H. , Spadaccia Stefano , Jens Hoeijmakers H. , Keller Christoph , Mulder Willeke , Pallichadath Vidhya , Poch Olivier , Snik Frans , Stam Daphne M. , Pommerol Antoine , Demory Brice-Olivier 
Published: June 2021

Context.Homochirality is a generic and unique property of life on Earth and is considered a universal and agnostic biosignature. Homochirality induces fractional circular polarization in the incident light that it reflects. Because this circularly polarized light can be sensed remotely, it can be one of the most compelling candidate biosignatures in life detection missions. While there are also other sources of circular polarization, these result in spectrally flat signals with lower magnitude. Additionally, circular polarization can be a valuable tool in Earth remote sensing because the circular polarization signal directly relates to vegetation physiology.Aims.While high-quality circular polarization measurements can be obtained in the laboratory and under semi-static conditions in the field, there has been a significant gap to more realistic remote sensing conditions.Methods.In this study, we present sensitive circular spectropolarimetric measurements of various landscape elements taken from a fast-moving helicopter.Results.We demonstrate that during flight, within mere seconds of measurements, we can differentiate (S∕N> 5) between grass fields, forests, and abiotic urban areas. Importantly, we show that with only nonzero circular polarization as a discriminant, photosynthetic organisms can even be measured in lakes.Conclusions.Circular spectropolarimetry can be a powerful technique to detect life beyond Earth, and we emphasize the potential of utilizing circular spectropolarimetry as a remote sensing tool to characterize and monitor in detail the vegetation physiology and terrain features of Earth itself.
Antikörper-Adsorptionsmethoden für die Diagnostik von erythrozytären Alloantikörpern bei Patienten mit panreaktiven Autoantikörpern
Authors: Greinacher Jan , Selleng Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis und die Differenzierung von erythrozytären Alloantikörpern bei Patienten mit freien wärmereaktiven Autoantikörpern (WAK) im Plasma stellt das immunhämatologische Labor vor eine Herausforderung. Eine Allo- und/oder Autoadsorption kann die Autoantikörperreaktivität des Patientenplasmas reduzieren oder vollständig entfernen und vorhandene Alloantikörper demaskieren. Wir schlagen einen diagnostischen Stufenplan vor, der diese Methoden besonders berücksichtigt, und eine Transfusionsstrategie, die sich an der Dringlichkeit der Transfusion orientiert. Eine indizierte Transfusion darf durch die Diagnostik nicht verzögert werden.
Neue Erkenntnisse zur Ursache von Herzkreislaufstillständen im Krankenhaus
Authors: Roedl Kevin , Kluge Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Charakteristiken und Ursachen des präklinischen und innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands Eine große dänische Studie verglich die Charakteristiken von mehr als 12 000 Patienten mit präklinischem oder innerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Interessanterweise zeigten sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen eine ähnliche Demografie sowie eine ähnliche Anzahl an Vorerkrankungen. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass sich Unterschiede vor allem durch die Charakteristiken des Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands erklären lassen. Dies ist vor allem im Hinblick auf die derzeit noch unzureichende Studienlage zum innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand interessant.
Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand auf der Intensivstation Etwa die Hälfte der innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstände ereignet sich auf der Intensivstation. Zwei kürzlich publizierte Studien befassten sich genauer mit dem Vorkommen, den Ursachen sowie der Prognose von Patienten mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand auf der Intensivstation.
COVID-19 und Auswirkung auf den innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand Mehrere Studien zeigten während der COVID-19-Pandemie eine höhere Inzidenz von präklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillständen mit schlechterer Prognose. Aktuell ist unklar, wie oft hospitalisierte Patienten mit COVID-19 einen innerklinischen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand erleiden. Publizierte Arbeiten zeigten eine sehr eingeschränkte Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit. Als führende Ursache zeigte sich überwiegend ein hypoxisch getriggerter Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand mit nicht schockbaren EKG-Rhythmen (Asystolie/PEA). Eine kardiale Ursache fand sich nur selten. Aufgrund der schlechten Prognose wurde von einigen Autoren sogar die Sinnhaftigkeit von Reanimationsmaßnahmen bei COVID-19-Patienten diskutiert.
Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thrombose
Authors: Hart Christina , Linnemann Birgit 
Published: June 2021

Was ist neu?
Hormonelle Kontrazeption und Thromboembolie-Risiko Kombinierte hormonelle Kontrazeptiva (KK) erhöhen das VTE-Risiko signifikant. Gestagen-Monopräparate sind mit Ausnahme der 3-Monatsspritze nicht mit einem erhöhten VTE-Risiko assoziiert und können bei Frauen mit vorausgegangener VTE oder thrombophilen Risikofaktoren mit Wunsch nach hormoneller Verhütung angewandt werden.
Individuelle Risikofaktoren und hormonelle Kontrazeption Vor der Verschreibung einer hormonellen Kontrazeption soll eine sorgfältige Erhebung des VTE-Risikos erfolgen. Eine entsprechende Checkliste findet sich auf der Internetseite des BfArM. Eine routinemäßige Testung auf hereditäre Thrombophilie wird nicht empfohlen.
Kontrazeption unter Antikoagulation Orale Antikoagulanzien sind plazentagängig und prinzipiell embryotoxisch und erfordern somit die Anwendung einer sicheren Empfängnisverhütung. Eine häufige Nebenwirkung unter oraler Antikoagulanzientherapie ist das Auftreten einer Hypermenorrhö. Die hormonelle Kontrazeption kann bei bestehender Antikoagulation auch mit einem Kombinationspräparat fortgeführt werden, sofern spätestens 6 Wochen vor Beendigung der Antikoagulation die Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption erfolgt.
Hormonassoziierte VTE und Rezidivrisiko VTE, die bei Frauen unter Verwendung von hormonellen Kontrazeptiva aufgetreten sind, gelten als provozierte Ereignisse. Das Rezidivrisiko einer hormonassoziierten VTE ist nach Absetzen der Antikoagulation und Umstellung auf eine östrogenfreie Form der Kontrazeption gering, sodass eine Antikoagulationsdauer von 3–6 Monaten in der Regel ausreichend ist. Nach hormonassoziierter VTE wird während einer künftigen Schwangerschaft und im Wochenbett eine medikamentöse VTE-Prophylaxe empfohlen.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative [4+2] Annulation of Benzamides with Dihydrofuran: A Facile Route to Tetrahydrofuro[2,3-c]isoquinolinones
Authors: Zhang Zhuo-Zhuo , Shi Bing-Feng , Zhou Gang , Huang Fan-Rui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA cobalt-catalyzed oxidative [4+2] annulation of benz­amides with dihydrofuran was developed for the expeditious synthesis of tetrahydrofuro[2,3-c]isoquinolinones. Commercially available and inexpensive Co(OAc)2·4H2O was used as an efficient catalyst. Various functional groups were tolerated, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent regioselectivity and good diastereoselectivity under mild conditions.
A review of crime prevention activities in a Japanese local government area since 2008: Beautiful Windows Movement in Adachi Ward
Authors: Hino Kimihiro , Chronopoulos Themis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere have been limited reports on crime prevention policies by local governments in Japan, which is one of the safest countries in the world. This article reviews crime prevention policies in Adachi Ward, which used to have the highest crime rates in Tokyo. The government of Adachi Ward introduced the “Beautiful Windows Movement” (BWM) in 2008. Based on BWM, Adachi Ward implemented various programs and interventions based on two different aspects: the aspect of preventing minor crimes and disorder in partnership with the police referring to the Broken Windows Theory and the aspect of literally making the Ward beautiful in cooperation with citizen volunteers. After 11 years of implementing BWM, the number of recorded crimes in Adachi Ward declined the most in Tokyo and residents’ sense of security improved significantly. This case study highlights the advantage of the duality of BWM to both reduce crimes and improve residents’ sense of security.
Advanced negative stiffness absorber for low-frequency noise insulation of panels
Authors: Paradeisiotis Andreas , Kalderon Moris , Antoniadis Ioannis 
Published: June 2021

The sound transmission loss of conventional means of passive acoustic treatment in the low-frequency range is governed by two physical mechanisms: the inertia, as stated by the mass density law, and the local resonances of the structure. Since usual partitions are flexible and lightweight, their acoustic performance is poor, especially below 300 Hz. Although conventional acoustic meta-materials can offer excellent acoustic properties, they also perform poorly in this range. Therefore, novel meta-structures are required to overcome these limitations. This proposed novel absorber optimally combines the concepts of KDamper (KD) and inertial amplification mechanisms (IAMs). The novelty of the KD-IAM absorber lies in the generation of equally deep but significantly wider attenuation bands surpassing the mass density law while requiring only a small fraction of additional mass. The absorber is implemented and demonstrated as an elastic mount for retrofitting existing panels, essentially manipulating the resonant response of the structure by controlling the panel’s boundary conditions. It is also shown that increasing the panel’s rigidity and, consequently, its fundamental eigenfrequency utilizing stiffeners results in further improvements in the bandwidth and depth of noise attenuation. A wide and deep attenuation band is demonstrated in the resonance region below 120 Hz, up to 13 dB above the reference level. An indicative design and implementation for a case study are presented. It is further demonstrated that the same concept can be utilized for the formation of meta-structures by periodic repetition of KD-IAM unit cells, leading to significant additional attenuation of the lowest vibration modes.
Significant impact of forcing uncertainty in a large ensemble of climate model simulations
Authors: Fyfe John C. , Kharin Viatcheslav V. , Santer Benjamin D. , Cole Jason N. S. , Gillett Nathan P. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceClimate models are the main tool used to make projections of future climate change to inform adaptation and mitigation decisions. Confidence in these projections rests in part on the models’ ability to reproduce historical climate variations. Here we use a Earth System Model to evaluate the role of external forcing uncertainty in simulations of past and future climate change. We demonstrate that apparently small differences in anthropogenic aerosol forcing applied in the models can have a significant impact on the resulting climate simulations, as can the neglect of preindustrial and future volcanic forcings. This points to the need to reduce forcing uncertainties and better quantify their impact on the physical climate system, carbon budgets, and the Paris accord temperature targets.
Early Holocene greening of the Sahara requires Mediterranean winter rainfall
Authors: Cheddadi Rachid , Carré Matthieu , Nourelbait Majda , François Louis , Rhoujjati Ali , Manay Roger , Ochoa Diana , Schefuß Enno 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Explaining the greening of the Sahara during the Holocene has been a challenge for decades. A strengthening of the African monsoon caused by increased summer insolation is usually cited to explain why the Sahara was vegetated from 14,000 to 5,000 y ago. Here, we provide a unique climate record of quantified winter, spring, and summer precipitation in Morocco over the past 18,500 y, and numeric simulations, which show that moisture contributions from the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean in winter, were as important as the expanded summer monsoon for the greening of the Sahara during the African humid period. The findings of this study will help to better understand and simulate climate variability over northern Africa.
“My language has an immense potential”
Authors: Ross Dolores 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article sets out to chart the success of the Dutch novelist, poet and travel writer Cees Nooteboom, who has achieved
literary fame in several countries of the world while recognition in his home country lagged behind. To analyse the reasons for the
conflicting images attributed to this cosmopolitan author, I will look behind the curtains of the transnational production and reception of
his writings, investigating his success in five central or semi-central languages (Heilbron
2010). The study of how this writer has succeeded in transcending the peripheral position of the Dutch language in the world literary
system will be carried out by combining the sociology of translation with reception studies and imagological considerations. Nooteboom
appears to be a peculiar case of image building: he is internationally represented as a Dutch and a European writer, but his lack of
Dutchness appears to have hindered his recognition in the Netherlands.
When opportunity backfires: exploring the implementation of urban climate governance alternatives in three major US cities
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Around the world, cities have committed themselves to urban climate action strategies with targets that go beyond those of their national governments. To implement their strategies, cities have embraced a range of alternative governance instruments and approaches (‘governance alternatives’). While they have long been lauded by academics, policymakers, and practitioners for doing so, these ‘frontrunner’ cities are now being seen to struggle to achieve their ambitious targets when using governance alternatives. This article seeks to unpack and better understand this struggle by zooming in on the progress made in reducing (non-renewable) energy consumption in the built environment of three major cities in the United States (Chicago, New York, and San Francisco) over the last decade. Informed by interviews and supplementary data, the article uncovers a pattern across these three cities. In the early 2000s, they all set ambitious urban climate change targets, but lacked the power and capacity to achieve these. They all used a largely uncoordinated ‘scattergun approach’, embracing a broad set of (at best) modestly ambitious and (regularly) opportunistic governance alternatives to achieve the aims of their ambitious strategies. Whilst this approach allowed the cities to obtain quick initial results, the resulting fragmented configuration of traditional and alternative governance instruments and approaches now hinders them from meeting their targets.
Dark energy as a critical phenomenon: a hint from Hubble tension
Authors: Banihashemi Abdolali , Khosravi Nima , Shafieloo Arman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a dark energy model based on the physics of
critical phenomena which is consistent with both the Planck's CMB
and the Riess et al.'s local Hubble measurements. In this model the
dark energy density behaves like the order parameter of a generic
system which undergoes a phase transition. This means the dark
energy is an emergent phenomenon and we named it critically emergent
dark energy model, CEDE. In CEDE, dark energy emerges at a
transition redshift, zc
, corresponding to the critical
temperature in critical phenomena. Combining the Planck CMB data and
local measurement of the Hubble constant from Riess et al. (2019) we
find statistically significant support for this transition with
respect to the case of very early transition that represents
effectively the cosmological constant. This is understandable since
CEDE model naturally prefers larger values of Hubble constant
consistent with local measurements. Since CEDE prefers a non-trivial
transition when we consider both high redshift Planck CMB data and
local Hubble constant measurements, we conclude that H
0 tension
may be a hint for the substructure of the dark energy as a
well-studied properties of critical phenomena. However if we add BAO
and SNe datasets then CEDE prefers lower value for H
0. This means
the H
0 tension still exist but it is milder than ΛCDM's.
On primordial black holes from rapid turns in two-field models
Authors: Anguelova Lilia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study rapid-turn trajectories in a class of two-field cosmological models, whose scalar manifold is the Poincaré disk. Background solutions in multi-field inflation, with field-space trajectories exhibiting sharp turns, can seed primordial black hole (PBH) formation. We investigate a class of exact solutions with hidden symmetry and show that they exhibit the kind of transient rapid-turn period, needed to induce PBH generation. Furthermore, we relax the symmetry condition and find, in a certain regime, modified solutions with improved behavior of the Hubble η-parameter, which preserve the desired shape of the turning rate function. Interestingly, the modified solutions describe a brief ultra-slow roll phase, followed by long-term slow roll inflation. It is notable that slow roll occurs near the center (not near the boundary) of the Poincaré disk, unlike in the standard α-attractor case.
Comparing multi-field primordial feature models with the Planck data
Authors: Braglia Matteo , Chen Xingang , Hazra Dhiraj Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we use a complete model of classical primordial standard clocks as an example to develop a methodology of directly comparing numerical predictions from complicated multi-field feature models with the Planck data, including the Planck 2018 Plik unbinned likelihood and the statistically most powerful CamSpec 2020 likelihood for temperature and polarization data. As this two-field inflationary model offers a plethora of primordial feature spectra that represent combinations of sharp and resonant feature signals non-trivially distributed over extended cosmological scales, its data comparison has not been satisfactorily addressed by previous attempts using analytical templates. The method of this paper, consisting of numerical prediction, effective parameter construction and nested sampling data comparison, allows us to efficiently explore every possible spectra from the model. We classify the resulting feature candidates in three different frequency ranges. We use the Bayesian evidences to assess the statistical significance of the candidates over the baseline model, taking into account the effect of additional parameters and the look-elsewhere effect.
Although none of the candidates is statistically significant, the methodology of this paper can be used to facilitate the future model-building and data-screening process of primordial features, and the candidates can be subjected to further tests with data from the upcoming cosmic microwave background polarization observations and galaxy surveys.
Dark matter, Z′, and vector-like quark at the LHC and b → sμμ anomaly *
Authors: Chao Wei , Wang Hong-Xin , Wang Lei , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Combining the

anomaly and dark matter observables, we study the capability of the LHC to test dark matter,

, and a vector-like quark. We focus on a local

model with a vector-like

doublet quark Q and a complex singlet scalar whose lightest component

is a candidate of dark matter. After imposing relevant constraints, we find that the

anomaly and the relic abundance of dark matter favor

GeV and

GeV for

2 TeV and

2 TeV (the heavy partner of

). Current searches for jets and missing transverse momentum at the LHC sizably reduce the mass ranges of the vector-like quark, and

is required to be larger than 1.7 TeV. Finally, we discuss the possibility of probing these new particles at the high luminosity LHC via the QCD process

followed by

,

, and then

. Taking a benchmark point of

= 1.93 TeV,

GeV, and

145 GeV, we perform a detailed Monte Carlo simulation and find that this benchmark point can be accessed at the 14 TeV LHC with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb

.
Influence of quantum correction on black hole shadows, photon rings, and lensing rings *
Authors: Peng Jun , Guo Minyong , Feng Xing-Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We calculate photon sphere

and critical curve

for a quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole, finding that they violate universal inequalities proved for asymptotically flat black holes that satisfy the null energy condition in the framework of Einstein gravity. This violation seems to be a common phenomenon when considering quantum modification of Einstein gravity. Furthermore, we study the shadows, lensing rings, and photon rings in the quantum corrected Schwarzschild black hole. The violation leads to a larger bright lensing ring in the observational appearance of the thin disk emission near the black hole compared with the classical Schwarzschild black hole. Our analysis may provide observational evidence for the quantum effect of general relativity.