bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Racial Discrimination from Romantic Perspective: A Postcolonial Study of Langston Hughes's Selected Poems
Authors: Muslih Assist. Inst. Waleed Shihan 
Published: March 2021

.Postcolonial literary theory critically studies the cultural, societal and historical analysis and modes of discourse of the people of the colonies in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Third World. Moreover, postcolonial studies deal with forms of imperialism particularly the domination of some nations and people by other nations. Thus,"this rethinking of empire has brought the United States into focus as an object of postcolonial [studies]both as a contemporary empire and as itself a postcolonial nation"(Abrams,1960:307,8).African-American studies, however, fit together well with postcolonial studies as it "forms a number of angels interrogates the relations between the west pretty much the rest of the world in the light of the history or Western expansion and military and economic domination"(Bertens,2001:112).On this basis, it is possible to read and analyze the African-American literary themes through a postcolonial vision. However, the prevailing theme that most African-American poems tackle in common is the theme of racial discrimination, but it is rather meticulous to say what the poems share in terms of theme instead of mode. The present study aims at examining Langston Hughes's selected poems to judge whether the modes of these poems are romantic or racial and the motive behind this. This will give a better understanding of the personal and the psychological factors that affected the life of the African-American individual in the heyday of the racial segregation
Utilization Of The Direct And Indirect Speech Act Of Assertion By The Sentence Types
Authors: Ibraheem Samir Jamal 
Published: March 2021

Tackling any text, e.g. political one, without pragmatic theory constitutes a real problem in the communicative act. the need to shed light on distinctive rules concerning the speech act of assertion is crucial. So this study is concerned with how to establish a model of expressing the speech act of assertion, whether direct or indirect, by using the sentence types of declarative, interrogative, or imperative sentences. Since this utilization highly overlaps with other speech acts as command, obligation, permission, ability, etc. Therefore, this research attempts to answer the following questions:
1- Can this study formulate a model for analysing the speech act of assertion, and on which bases it can be established?
2- How to formulate Felicity conditions for the speech act of assertion?
3- Whether speech act of assertion can be successfully applied to political speeches?
4- Which sentence type can typically express the direct speech act of assertion?
5- Could other sentence types indicate the speech act of assertion?
The Development of Emotional Suppression for adolesents and Its relation with Need Trascendence
Authors: Fadhil Had Assist.prof.Dr. Rana Zuhair , Mohmood Lecturer Hadeel khalid 
Published: March 2021

The current research aims are identifying The Emotional Suppression among adolesents , the significance of differences in a ccordance with gender and variables , and dose the Emotional suppression develop , and a correlation exists between the Emotional suppression with Need of transcendence in adolesents . The sample of current research consists of (150) adolesents from secondry schools .
The researcher measure Emotional suppression by adoptecl (Taleeb , 2013)
as well as a dopted (Hafath , 2006) scale to measure Need of transcendence
The results show the following :
The Emotional suppression develops with age , and clear develop in age (16) this result is deal with the developmental and theoretical view , and the social gender has no effect on Emotional supperission , and an invevrse correlation between two variables of this research .In the light of these results the resar cher has presented a set of conclusion , recommendation and suggestions .
University Education Remote Concept and the Extent of their Applicability
Authors: Rashid Prof. Dr. Haifa Ghazi , Jawda Prof.Dr. Sead Obaid , Aboud Assist Prof. Dr. Ziad Mohammed , Jawad Assist Prof. Dr. Sahlat Al wan 
Published: March 2021

In light of the rapid technological changes and shifts in market conditions, the education system faces a challenge regarding the need to provide additional educational opportunities without the need for additional monitoring budgets. Therefore, many educational institutions began to face this challenge, and actually began to develop programs of universities and distance education programs vinegar. The era of distance education and open education has become a reality as possible after the investigation was a distant dream for many people all over the world. The e-learning is an ideal way to help large segments of the community members who force them social and professional responsibilities to not to leave their communities or their country. Many of the participants have access to the internet from their offices and homes.
Vanity and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Musa Ph.D Prof. Ina̛am Lafta 
Published: March 2021

Vanity and narcissistic personality disorder share common qualities make it difficult ,to some extent, to differentiate them. There are theoretical opinions which suggest that vanity is a characteristic of narcissistic personality traits. The two variables have been studied from a psychoanalytic point of view, and despite the lack of studies and literature on the variable of vanity, still there is a number of studies that have tried to find a relationship between the two variables and this is what is aimed at in the current study. In other words, the aim is to find a relationship between vanity and narcissistic personality disorder in addition to measuring both variables separately and finding the difference in each one of them on the levels of the two variables: sex and specialization. To achieve this ,vanity and narcissistic personality disorder scale has been applied on a sample of 220 female and male students from University of Baghdad . The results were that the students are characterized by vanity and there is a difference in it in favor of males and students with scientific specialization who are also well known for their narcissistic personality disorder. There was no difference between males and females,while there was a difference in favor of students of scientific specialization. A number of recommendations and proposals was presented in the light of that
The music of Arabic poetry and moving beyond the prosodic measures
Authors: Zarrin Assist Prof. Baqer Qorbani 
Published: March 2021

The music of poetry is one of the most prominent particularities which distinguishes the poetry from other types of speech. It also has been considered under different titles, by many literaties, just because the poetry would always need the music. A question would arise in here: is it possible to restrict the music of Arabic poetry only to prosodic rhythms and limit it to prosody, or could the poet just compose a poetry beyond the prosodic measures while still has its own music? This article tries to answer this question through inspecting some instances of poets works. These instances include: elegy or qasida_ muwashshah - zajal-band and blank verse. We can find the fact that the musical diversity can be achieved both inside and outside of the prosodic circles. It is also possible to synthesize prosodic meters with each other in an elegy to reach the purpose and experience novel meters called new-found meters. As the result of these experiences we can rely on the music of Taf’ilah (the formative basis of a verse) and by transforming the music of the poetry enrich the poetry songs. We shall notice this musical transformation in Arabic poetry which has passed through many changes from past times up to now. This is an important and necessary matter for any researcher who deals with any aspects of the poetry research and poetic cases.
Printed Arabic Words Recognition Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: H.Ali Assist.Teach.Rasha 
Published: March 2021

The automatic recognition of text on scanned images has enabled many application such as searching for words in large volumes of documents, automatic sorting of postal mail, and convenient editing of previously printed documents. In this paper, a Printed Arabic word recognition system using Wavelet Transform, and Genetic Algorithms (GA) is proposed. The system consist three steps. In first step pre-processing are applied on the input image. Secondly features are extracted, which will be taken as the input to the genetic algorithm. In feature extraction stage the feature vector extracted by using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only the approximation are taken as the input to the (GA). While the third step is a classification which is carried out by GA. The proposed approaches are tested on a ten Arabic word. The recognition rate is 90%.
Abstract Expressionism Techniques in John Ashbery’s "Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror"
Authors: Taha,PhD Dr. Aseel Abdul-Lateef 
Published: March 2021

John Ashbery (1927-) is one of the most prominent postmodern poets in America who is known for his innovative techniques. He continues to be the most controversial poet, as he disregards the laws of logic in picturing reality. Ashbery’s style is deeply influenced by the experimental methods of modern painting. He has been mostly associated with Abstract Expressionism that signifies the great progress in the European avant-garde visual art. The Abstract expressionists often choose to present subjects in graceful distortion, rather than attempt to record life with absolute accuracy. Ashbery’s “Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror” is typical of ekphrastic poetry. It is inspired by a painting which has the same title by the sixteenth-century Italian painter, Francesco Mazzola. The painting is not a realistic portrait of the painter, for it is deliberately distorted as it would be in a convex reflection. Ashbery unfolds the essence of postmodern poetry which illustrates the inability of the forms of language to capture the reality beyond the mental image. Like the Abstract Expressionists, he makes of his poems a depiction of the real workings of the mind which is liberated from all the constraints. Furthermore, the poem is a verbal depiction of the painting; it assumes and transforms the inner voice of the portrait.
The Research Receive theory and aesthetics of Performance and application endoscopy
Authors: Rashid Assist. Prof. Dr. Ansam Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Goes our search to make reading the receive theory and begin to enter into dialogue with them and discuss the details since its beginnings and the accountability of the philosophical and practical steps would also like that our research provides and analysis of the textual experience poet Mohammed Maghout one of the Pioneers of Arabic prose poem of our belief Textual analysis of the poem the poet and down to reveal cash fact associated with one of the most important cash curriculum postmodern.
Which restored the Prestige of the recipient and the creative and focused on making material innovation provided to the recipient of the same receiver did not stop in front of inconclusive end to it Valthalil and Monetary open courtyard of the critic and the recipient of the poem diverse and creative works.
Find the oretical and applied to gether and did not lose sight of detail in what it says founding curriculum (Lyawas and WISER) Pole Constance German School and the separation of their theory of the American reception and we have found that the Prose style of writing poetic Arabic new and Problematic and the need for testing we chose the receiving theory so in furtherance of the destination of the cash we look.
The Effect of Vocabulary and Dictation ESP programme on Iraqi Students’ Achievement at College of Physical Education for Women
Authors: Sadiq Assist. Prof.  Dr. Baan Jafar 
Published: March 2021

The research is an attempt to investigate experimentally the effect of vocabulary and dictation ESP programme on Iraqi students’ achievement at College of Physical Education for Women. The learners have to know what a word means and what it look like. These are obvious aspects in teaching foreign language and teachers need to make sure that both these aspects are accurately learned.
The sample of the present research is (46) students of first year stage, College of Physical Education for Women, University of Baghdad. At the academic year 2012- 2013.
It is hypothesized that there are no significant differences between the experimental group taught ESP by vocabulary and dictation programme (Sadiq ,2012) and control group taught ESP with traditional English Course (Sadiq, 2010) in pre and post tests.
To fulfill the aim of the research an experiments has been designed with two groups of students chosen randomly. Both groups were matched in the subjects’ achievement in English for previous academic year (2011-2012). Both groups have tested in pre and post tests. The experiment lasted nine weeks.
After analyzing the results statistically, it has been found that there are significant differences between the two groups in pre- test as well as post test. This indicates that using the vocabulary and dictation programme is more effective in teaching these two skills. Accordingly, the null hypotheses have been rejected.
Finally, English teachers at College of Physical Education are recommended to use the programme to improve the students’ achievement in vocabulary and dictation skills.
The Theory of semantic triangle in the western linguistic criticism and Arabic reception
Authors: Yahya Dr. Keyan Ahmed Hazim , Yahya Dr. Keyan Ahmed Hazim 
Published: March 2021

The most important reason that made me concerned with the theory of the semantic triangle is the confusion I have noticed amongst Arab scholars regarding limitations of the theory itself and its value compared with other theories of meaning.
My paper is divided into three sections: the first is concerned with illustrating what the theory is by tracing its historical origins in the western linguistic traditions, the second reveals the most important criticized aspects of the theory, and the third deals with how the Arab scholars received the theory.
Aesthetics dialogue in the poetry of Abu Nawas
Authors: Khudhair (Ph.D.) Asst.Prof.Mohemmed Saib 
Published: March 2021

In the of Abu Nawas poetry, the aesthetics of the dialogue appeared clearly, so this phenomenon is worth studying and tracking, Abu Nawas is not an obscure poet, but it is a well-known poet and then it is difficult to find a phenomenon that is not well study in his poetry, but I found a dialogue appeared clearly even that it constitutes a theatrical aspect as a poetic drama. I have found that people who Abu Nawas interlocutors them with three kinds, either people really are found or people they are supposed to find or the poet Interviews himself in an internal monologue and tempted him with the poet himself .There is the impact of the dialogue in poetic drama built by the poet with displays integrated aspects
The Speech Al- Hajaji And His Social Links: A Sociolinguistic Approach
Authors: Al-Taie (Ph.D) Asst. Prof. Nima  Dahash Farhan 
Published: March 2021

The formation of ideas is not an independent process, but a part of the rules in particular, which differ by a little or a lot about another language rules, we look at the world and we are watching, to shape perceptions, ensue in our minds; and this means that the primary role in arranging these impressions have stable linguistic systems in our minds, and then varied and became multiple. Speech patterns depend on those impressions, and the function of the association. It is combined with the utter speech mostly, such as: the cultural and moral discourse, and speech - orbital, and so on; so colorful speech definitions are indeed communicative socially, combines say not accomplish, so it has become communicative. An important social feature is nothing of the dispersion, regarding its richness and breadth of the classification and significance.
Hence, we focused our conversation as a speech character of social norms, carved up social and linguistic acts, and dominate the kinetic activity mentally and socially. It is truly that he established rich discourse and scientific domains. Accordingly the study is worth studying and investigating.
The first part deals with the sociolinguistic approach of the Al-Hajaj with tangible evidence. It is of twofold:
:
The first section is /The movement of Al Hajaj from the self to the social.
The second section / Al- Hajaj diversity and his speech mechanisms..
The second part: / properties Hajaji discourse and communicative techniques; it is also divided into two sections:
The first section / characteristics of Al-Hajaji speech.
The second section /Al-Hajaji speech and techniques
A reflection of the love and spinning on notice poet Abdullah Taho (Women and the homeland)
Authors: Asmael M. Swrood weli 
Published: March 2021

من خلال مطالعاتنا ومراجعاتنا وتحقيقاتنا فى حياة ونتاج ومواقف شاعرنا (ثةشيَو) وصلنا الى النتائج الأتية:
ــ يظهر لنا من خلال أشعار شاعرنا (ثةشيَو) انه عاش يعوم بين بحرين عظيمين من الحب ليس بينهما سد … حب حبيبته وحبه الجامح لـ (وطنه) ، وانعكس ذلك في أشعره ، فكان حب (الحبيبة) مصدر الهامه الشعري مع حب الوطن ومعالجة آلام وعذابات أمته، تلك الام والمعاناة يعيش في ضميره .
ــ (ثةشيَو) يختلف عن الشعراء الذين سبقوه ، فهو من قلائل الشعراء الذي يعلن وبصوت عال وجلي ما يعانيه شعبه الكوردي من مشاكل سياسية وانسانية من خلال كلمات أشعاره وينهض بالهمم ويخاطب كل طبقات امته لتعرية المحتلين والغاصبين وفضحهم ، وسلاحه الكلمات التي باتت أشد تأثيرا من الرصاص عليهم .
ــ من حيث اللغة ، كتب (ثةشيَو) أشعاره بلغة بسيطة ، سلسة وفي الحين ذاته كانت ترتقي الى مستويات فنية عالية من الرقي والجمال وما يسمى بالسهل الممتنع .
ــ (ثةشيَو) كان صادقا في تعبيراته ، ولم يكتب أشعاره لأغراض خاصة به ، فيما عدا حب الحبيبة ، أما بقية شعره فهي في بيان ومعالجة مشاكل امته السياسية .
ــ في أثناء أشعاره يتضح ان هناك رسالة موجهة تسيطر بشكل جلي على الشكل والمضمون .
The Moroccan Support of The Palestinian issue (1947 -1974)
Authors: Amro Dr. Noman 
Published: March 2021

The Moroccan diplomacy gave Palestine a significant importance, and they paid more attention to it since Islam entered Morocco by Otba Bin Nafeh in 670 A.C.. The importance of Palestine to the Moroccan diplomacy flows from the position of Jerusalem in Islam. The Moroccan diplomacy along with The other countries of the Arab world played a crucial role in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict because the Palestinian issue was a priority on the top of the agenda of the world diplomacy. In this study , the researcher discusses the support the Moroccans gave to the Palestinian issue before and after independence. The Palestinian issue was only considered as an Arab issue, it was also considered as a national Moroccan issue adopted by both the people and the politicians. The Moroccan support reached its peak when the Moroccan diplomacy admitted P.L.O as the legitimate and the only representative of the Palestinians in 1974.
Existential presence and its relation to cultural alienation With high school teachers
Authors: Jasam. Dr. Sana Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Address our marked with (Environmental product between need, Customs and application) to examine the concept of need and the custom of the product of environmental as well as the possibility of employment of the product of environmental products in a contemporary, has emerged as the importance of research needs and the basic needs of secondary school and its relation to custom and tradition. Find out the set of results, including

Basic needs and secondary schools are the foundation to create a product ecosystem
Affect religious practice largely on the nature of the constituent motifs and colors used in the product and then comes the environmental heritage and historical social custom then, according to the sequence

3. Possible to employ the product's environmental products developed using modern raw material after treatment with the same permanence to enable some to gain employment or visual appearance of materials in the products of materials in the products of modern environmental
The political Education of prophet Mohammad ( prayers be on him) and Educational Applications
Authors: Nagim Assist. Prof. Dr. Saadoon Salman 
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at identifying the political Education of Mohammad ( prayers be on him) and its educational applications , So as to be a living example to follow in the different levels of political work , as well as to create a generation of youth capable of Facing the cultural invasion which may takes away their rights in their country unconsciously.
The limits of the present study has been the prophet sunnah during prophet Mohammad's life from his birth till his death .

Several results have been reached at such as :

Prophet Mohammad has been capable within twenty years to overcame on all the obstacles that have faced him , including the unbelievers who have fought , hurt , and dismissed him out of meccah in addition to the hypo crates who have conspired against him .
The Prophet has been capable to make revolution that has never been like during history which has happened in a whole people be life that has transformed them from being unbelievers in to believers in one God.

Several conclusions have been put forward such as :

The Prophet has established the secret group and the public group , which call to change the society systems and beliefs , and use all the available media means such as single communication, Rhetoric , the media war against Thought and all this is political work.

The basis that the Prophets' political education has been based on is the belie fine One God ( Al- Tawheed ) and Islam with all the legislated beliefs , worships and treatments
Daily Hassles And Its Relationship To professional competence Among Educational Counselors
Authors: Abd Al-Razak Huda 
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to identify Daily Hassles and its relationship to professional competence among Educational Counselors, the researcher used descriptive approach and reached the study sample (400) Educational Counselors. The researcher instruments used are: Daily Hassles scale and second professional competence scale has been checked and validtiy (face, and construction) and consistency of the instruments using the re-test, and internal consistency Cronbach's alpha The study came to the following findings: - The degree of Daily Hassles among Educational Counselors was (145.1725) this refers to a higher level, compared with the The theoretical average of (138) and that professional competence level have (135.182), a high level indicates that the enjoyment of the sample with professional competence, compared with the The theoretical average of (102) and the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between Educational Counselors in Daily Hassles due to the variable sex, the results showed no significant statistical differences between Educational Counselors in the level of professional competence due to the variable sex and the results indicated the presence of a positive correlation between Daily Hassles function and professional competence relationship.