bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lordship and Sovereignty in the Territories of the English Crown: Sub-kingship and Its Implications, 1300–1600
Authors: Thornton Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConventional typologies of lordship and its relationship with royal power in the territories of the English crown emphasize the precocious distinctiveness of royal power as against noble lordship, with the latter consequentially bound by an essentially restrictive territorialized model. Drawing particularly on the example of the kingship/lordship of the Isle of Man, this article considers the manifestations of sub-kingship from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries as a way of understanding the complexity of manifestations of sovereignty in these territories. It assesses the use of royal titles and associated ceremonial and issues such as forms of dating. Also considered are some of the practical manifestations of “sovereign” power, seen in rights associated with justice, taxation, and relations between princes, and in the capacity to exclude the intervention of others in these spheres. From the discussion emerges an understanding of royal power as more variable in its footprint and shared in many spaces by men conventionally seen as part of an undifferentiated aristocracy. The reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII have usually been seen as the final point at which centralization through the power and authority of the English monarch obliterated any remaining echoes of sub-kingship in the North Atlantic archipelago, ending once and for all the possibility of a shared space between kingship and lordship. In considering the historiography of this moment, and evidence for continuity through Henry VIII's reign, the article raises questions about lordship and its political and cultural boundaries in the late medieval and early modern periods.
Evaluation of a paediatric gluten-free food guide by children and youth with coeliac disease, their parents and health care professionals
Authors: Mager Diana R. , Cyrkot Samantha , Lirette Christine , Brill Herbert , Dowhaniuk Jenna , Mileski Heather , Basualdo-Hammond Carlota , Nasser Roseann , Assor Esther , Marcon Margaret , Turner Justine M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are currently no universal evidence-based nutrition guidelines that address the gluten-free (GF) diet for children/youth (4–18 years). A GF food guide was created to help children/youth with coeliac disease (CD) and their families navigate the complexities of following a GF diet. Guide formation was based on pre-guide stakeholder consultations and an evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary patterns. The study objective was to conduct an evaluation on guide content, layout, feasibility and dissemination strategies from end-stakeholder users (children/youth with CD, parents/caregivers and health care professionals). This is a cross-sectional study using a multi-method approach of virtual focus groups and an online survey to conduct stakeholder evaluations. Stakeholders included children/youth (4–18 years), their parents/caregivers in the coeliac community (n 273) and health care professionals (n 80) with both paediatric and CD experience from across Canada. Thematic analysis was performed on focus group responses and open-ended survey questions until thematic saturation was achieved. χ2 and Fisher’s exact statistical analyses were performed on demographic and close-ended survey questions. Stakeholders positively perceived the guide for content, layout, feasibility, ethnicity and usability. Stakeholders found the material visually appealing and engaging with belief that it could effectively be used in multi-ethnic community and clinical-based settings. Guide revisions were made in response to stakeholder consultations to improve food selection (e.g. child-friendly foods), language (e.g. clarity) and layout (e.g. organisation). The evaluation by end-stakeholders provided practical and patient-focused feedback on the guide to enable successful uptake in community and clinical-based settings.
Eurosphere or Anglosphere? Canadian Public Opinion on Brexit and the Future of Transatlantic Relations
Authors: Hurrelmann Achim , Mérand Frédéric , White Stephen E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClose relations with Europe, especially but not only with the United Kingdom, have long been a consensual tenet of Canadian foreign policy, which has supported European integration since the 1970s. The UK's withdrawal from the European Union threatens to upset this consensus. While Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has consistently cast Brexit in a negative light, Conservative leaders Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole have commented positively on the UK's leaving the EU. Did their polarized views resonate in the population? To answer this question, this article analyzes the results of an original survey of voting-age Canadians. Findings show a strong degree of correspondence between positions expressed in party discourse and preferences in the Canadian population. This raises the possibility that the difference between two models of transatlantic relations, which we call Eurosphere and Anglosphere, could emerge as a new fault line in Canadian foreign policy.
Sidon against Beirut: Space, Control, and the Limits of Sectarianism within the Jewish Community of Modern Lebanon
Authors: Schlaepfer Aline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen the State of Greater Lebanon was established in 1920, the Jewish Community Council of Beirut was officially recognized as the central administrative body within Lebanon, and although smaller communities such as Sidon and Tripoli also had their own councils they were consequently made subject to the authority of Beirut. In this context of political overhaul, I argue that some Jewish actors made use “from below” of political opportunities provided by sectarianism “from above”—or national sectarianism—to garner control over all Jewish political structures in Lebanon. But by examining in particular activities in and around the Israelite Community Council in Sidon (al-Majlis al-Milli al-Isra'ili bi-Sayda), I show how and why these attempts to practice new forms of sectarianism were met with resistance, despite connections that tied Lebanon's Jews together administratively in one community.
Efficacy of middle-ear packing in success of type 1 tympanoplasty: a prospective randomised study
Authors: Sahoo S R , Tripathi J , Kumari S , Rastogi S 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveA prospective randomised study was undertaken to compare the results of type 1 tympanoplasty with and without middle-ear packing with gelfoam.MethodEighty patients undergoing type 1 tympanoplasty were randomised into two groups according to packing in the middle ear: with gelfoam and without gelfoam. The data in terms of graft uptake rate, hearing gain and subjective improvement were analysed at one and three months.ResultsThe graft uptake rate between both groups did not show a statistically significant difference. There was conductive hearing loss in the gelfoam group in the early post-operative period. Subjectively, patients were more comfortable with respect to heaviness and hearing gain than in the non-gelfoam group.ConclusionGelfoam use in middle-ear packing is not an essential step and causes more discomfort in patients during the early post-operative period. It should be a surgeon's choice to use it when and where it is necessary.
Estimating forest antelope population densities using distance sampling with camera traps
Authors: Amin Rajan , Klair Hannah , Wacher Tim , Ndjassi Constant , Fowler Andrew , Olson David , Bruce Tom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraditional transect survey methods for forest antelopes often underestimate density for common species and do not provide sufficient data for rarer species. The use of camera trapping as a survey tool for medium and large terrestrial mammals has become increasingly common, especially in forest habitats. Here, we applied the distance sampling method to images generated from camera-trap surveys in Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon, and used an estimate of the proportion of time animals are active to correct for negative bias in the density estimates from the 24-hour camera-trap survey datasets. We also used multiple covariate distance sampling with body weight as a covariate to estimate detection probabilities and densities of rarer species. These methods provide an effective tool for monitoring the status of individual species or a community of forest antelope species, information urgently needed for conservation planning and action.
Positive Egalitarianism Reconsidered
Authors: Arrhenius Gustaf , Mosquera Julia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording topositive egalitarianism, not only do relations of inequality have negative value, as negative egalitarians claim, but relations of equality also have positive value. The egalitarian value of a population is a function of both pairwise relations of inequality (negative) and pairwise relations of equality (positive). Positive andnegative egalitarianismdiverge, especially in different-number cases. Hence, an investigation of positive egalitarianism might shed new light on the vexed topic of population ethics and our duties to future generations. We shall here, in light of some recent criticism, further develop the idea of giving positive value to equal relations.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension secondary to Behçet’s disease: an extremely rare pediatric case
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Asadian Sanaz , Rezaeian Nahid , Asl Fallah Sahar , Shahzadi Hossein , Toloueitabar Yaser 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is an uncommon condition in the children. It almost always accompanies a hypercoagulable state. We described a rare case of Behçet’s disease presenting with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and initially misdiagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia.
Pericardiocentesis in children: 20-year experience at a tertiary children’s hospital
Authors: Herron Christopher , Forbes Thomas J. , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Pericardiocentesis is the invasive percutaneous procedure for acute and chronic excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid. There is a paucity of data on the effectiveness and safety of pericardiocentesis in children.Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pericardiocentesis and factors associated with acute procedural failure and adverse events.Methods:This was a single-centered retrospective study to describe all the children aged ≤20 years who underwent pericardiocentesis. Data on demographics, etiologies of pericardial effusion, and repeat intervention at follow-up were collected.Results:A total of 127 patients underwent 153 pericardiocentesis. The median age was 6.5 years (1 day–20 years) with weight of 17 kg (0.5–125). Most common etiology was post-pericardiotomy syndrome (n = 56, 44%), followed by infectious (12%), malignant (10%), and iatrogenic (9%). Pericardiocentesis was performed more commonly in the catheterisation laboratory (n = 86, 59%). Concurrent pericardial drain placement was performed in 67 patients (53%). Acute procedural success was 92% (141/153). Repeat intervention was performed in 33 patients (22%). The incidence of adverse events was 4.6% (7/153): hemopericardium requiring emergent surgery (n = 2); hemopericardium with hypotension (n = 2); seizure with anesthesia induction (n = 1); and right ventricle puncture with needle (n = 2). Pericardiocentesis at the bedside had a higher rate of acute procedural failure than that in the catheterisation lab (17 versus 1%, p < 0.01). No identifiable risk factors were associated with adverse events.Conclusions:Pericardiocentesis was life-saving in children with its high effectiveness and safety even in urgent situations. Although initial pericardiocentesis was effective, one of five patients required re-intervention for recurrent pericardial effusion.
Atrial septoplasty through internal jugular venous access in an infant with transposition of great arteries: technical challenges and solutions
Authors: Relan Jay , Arvind Balaji , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a 3-month-old infant with transposition of great arteries and restrictive foramen ovale who presented with severe cyanosis. Child had a large thrombus causing near-total occlusion of the inferior caval vein. An emergency atrial septoplasty was performed via internal jugular venous access. The case emphasises the technical challenges faced while performing this procedure through jugular approach and plausible solutions to overcome these challenges.
Aspirin resistance in infants with shunt-dependent congenital heart disease
Authors: Koh Wonshill , Rodts Megan , Nebbia Ashley , Sawyer Jaclyn , Henry Brandon , Cooper David S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Patients with cyanotic heart disease are at an increased risk of developing thrombosis. Aspirin has been the mainstay of prophylactic anticoagulation for shunt-dependent patients with several reports of prevalent aspirin resistance, especially in neonates. We investigate the incidence of aspirin resistance and its relationship to thrombotic events and mortality in a cohort of infants with shunt-dependent physiology.Methods:Aspirin resistance was assessed using the VerifyNow™ test on infants with single-ventricle physiology following shunt-dependent palliation operations. In-hospital thrombotic events and mortality data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of aspirin resistance on in-hospital thrombotic events and mortality risk.Results:Forty-nine patients were included with 41 of these patients being neonates. Six patients (12%) were aspirin resistant. A birth weight < 2500 grams was a significant factor associated with aspirin resistance (p = 0.04). Following a dose increase or additional dose administration, all patients with initial aspirin resistance had a normal aspirin response. There was no statistically significant difference between aspirin resistance and non-resistance groups with respect to thrombotic events. However, a statistically significant incidence of in-hospital mortality in the presence of thrombotic events was observed amongst aspirin-resistant patients (p = 0.04) in this study.Conclusion:Low birth weight was associated with a higher incidence of aspirin resistance. Inadequate initial dosing appears to be the primary reason for aspirin resistance. The presence of both thrombotic events and aspirin resistance was associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality indicating that these patients warrant closer monitoring.
Asset–liability modelling in the quantum era
Authors: Berry T. , Sharpe J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces and demonstrates the use of quantum computers for asset–liability management (ALM). A summary of historical and current practices in ALM used by actuaries is given showing how the challenges have previously been met. We give an insight into what ALM may be like in the immediate future demonstrating how quantum computers can be used for ALM. A quantum algorithm for optimising ALM calculations is presented and tested using a quantum computer. We conclude that the discovery of the strange world of quantum mechanics has the potential to create investment management efficiencies. This in turn may lead to lower capital requirements for shareholders and lower premiums and higher insured retirement incomes for policyholders.
Multivariate Flood Frequency Analysis in Large River Basins Considering Tributary Impacts and Flood Types
Authors: Fischer S. , Schumann A. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn contrast to the basic assumption of a homogeneous population underlying common approaches to flood frequency analysis, flood events often arise from different runoff‐generating processes. In many large river basins, the diversity of these processes within tributary basins and the superposition of their flood waves increase the complexity of statistical flood modeling. Under these circumstances, the allocation of the most effective flood protection measures requires a spatially explicit analysis of flood‐generating processes and the determination of the probability of downstream flood scenarios. For large basins, flood scenarios are often derived using individual historical floods along with model‐based simulations. We, instead, performed hydrograph‐based flood‐type classification and volume‐based runoff analyses for the Upper Danube River to estimate the contributions of subbasins to floods at downstream locations. Using this information, we generated long synthetic samples of peak‐volume‐pairs to apply a multivariate statistical flood‐frequency model that yields a conditional probability of a flood peak given the peaks in tributary stations. The results show that only certain combinations of flood types may result in extreme peaks downstream of confluences. They also highlight the need to distinguish runoff‐generation mechanisms for the larger floods from ones that drive smaller, more frequent events. Through an example with the Rhine River, we demonstrate how the statistical model can be generalized for complex river networks featuring several tributary confluences. Finally, design floods for different scenarios of flood‐type combinations and assigned probabilities are derived, an approach that can be used to possible climate impacts to flood frequency.
Reliability Assessment of Machine Learning Models in Hydrological Predictions Through Metamorphic Testing
Authors: Yang Yang , Chui Ting Fong May 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe reliability of the machine learning model prediction for a given input can be assessed by comparing it against the actual output. However, in hydrological studies, machine learning models are often adopted to predict future or unknown events, where the actual outputs are unavailable. The prediction accuracy of a model, which measures its average performance across an observed data set, may not be relevant for a specific input. This study presents a method based on metamorphic testing (MT), adopted from software engineering, to assess the prediction reliability where the actual outputs are unknown. In this method, the predictions for a group of related inputs are considered consistent only if the input and output follow certain relations that are deduced from the properties of the system being modeled. For instance, the predicted runoff volume should increase in a rainfall‐runoff model as the rainfall magnitude of an input increases. In this study, the MT‐based method was applied to assess the predictions made by various machine learning models that were trained to predict the magnitude of flood events in Germany. Surprisingly, the prediction accuracy of a model and its ability to provide consistent predictions were found to be uncorrelated. This study further investigated the factors influencing the assessment result of a given input, such as its similarity to observed data. Overall, this research shows that MT is an effective and simple method for detecting inconsistent model predictions and is recommended when a model is employed to making predictions under new conditions.
The Seasonal Cycle of Significant Wave Height in the Ocean: Local Versus Remote Forcing
Authors: Colosi Luke V. , Villas Bôas Ana B. , Gille Sarah T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSignificant wave height (SWH) stems from a combination of locally generated “wind‐sea” and remotely generated “swell” waves. In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, wave heights typically undergo a sinusoidal annual cycle, with larger SWH in winter in response to seasonal changes in high‐latitude storm patterns that generate equatorward propagating swell. However, some locations deviate from this hemispheric‐scale seasonal pattern in SWH. For example, in the California coastal region, local wind events occur in boreal spring and summer, leading to a wind speed (WSP) annual cycle with a distinct maximum in boreal spring and a corresponding local response in SWH. Here ocean regions with a WSP annual cycle reaching a maximum in late spring, summer, or early fall are designated as seasonal wind anomaly regions (SWARs). Intra‐annual variability of surface gravity waves is analyzed globally using two decades of satellite‐derived SWH and WSP data. The phasing of the WSP annual cycle is used as a metric to identify SWARs. Global maps of probability of swell based on wave age confirm that during the spring and summer months, locally forced waves are statistically more likely in SWARs than in surrounding regions. The magnitude of the deviation in the SWH annual cycle is determined by the exposure to swell and characteristics of the wave field within the region. Local winds have a more identifiable impact on Northern Hemisphere SWARs than on Southern Hemisphere SWARs due to the larger seasonality of Northern Hemisphere winds.
Decrease post-transplant relapse using donor-derived expanded NK-cells
Authors: Ciurea Stefan O. , Kongtim Piyanuch , Soebbing Doris , Trikha Prashant , Behbehani Gregory , Rondon Gabriela , Olson Amanda , Bashir Qaiser , Gulbis Alison M. , Indreshpal Kaur , Rezvani Katayoun , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Bassett Roland , Cao Kai , Martin Andrew St , Devine Steven , Horowitz Mary , Pasquini Marcelo , Lee Dean A. , Champlin Richard E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this phase I/II clinical trial, we investigated the safety and efficacy of high doses of mb-IL21 ex vivo expanded donor-derived NK cells to decrease relapse in 25 patients with myeloid malignancies receiving haploidentical stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Three doses of donor NK cells (1 × 105–1 × 108 cells/kg/dose) were administered on days −2, +7, and +28. Results were compared with an independent contemporaneously treated case-matched cohort of 160 patients from the CIBMTR database.After a median follow-up of 24 months, the 2-year relapse rate was 4% vs. 38% (p = 0.014), and disease-free survival (DFS) was 66% vs. 44% (p = 0.1) in the cases and controls, respectively. Only one relapse occurred in the study group, in a patient with the high level of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) presented before transplantation. The 2-year relapse and DFS in patients without DSA was 0% vs. 40% and 72% vs. 44%, respectively with HR for DFS in controls of 2.64 (p = 0.029). NK cells in recipient blood were increased at day +30 in a dose-dependent manner compared with historical controls, and had a proliferating, mature, highly cytotoxic, NKG2C+/KIR+ phenotype.Administration of donor-derived expanded NK cells after haploidentical transplantation was safe, associated with NK cell-dominant immune reconstitution early post-transplant, preserved T-cell reconstitution, and improved relapse and DFS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01904136 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01904136).
Heterogeneous effects of genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease on the phenome
Authors: Wu Hei Man , Goate Alison M. , O’Reilly Paul F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere we report how four major forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic risk—APOE-ε4, APOE-ε2, polygenic risk and familial risk—are associated with 273 traits in ~500,000 individuals in the UK Biobank. The traits cover blood biochemistry and cell traits, metabolic and general health, psychosocial health, and cognitive function. The difference in the profile of traits associated with the different forms of AD risk is striking and may contribute to heterogenous presentation of the disease. However, we also identify traits significantly associated with multiple forms of AD genetic risk, as well as traits showing significant changes across ages in those at high risk of AD, which may point to their potential roles in AD etiology. Finally, we highlight how survivor effects, in particular those relating to shared risks of cardiovascular disease and AD, can generate associations that may mislead interpretation in epidemiological AD studies. The UK Biobank provides a unique opportunity to powerfully compare the effects of different forms of AD genetic risk on the phenome in the same cohort.