bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law Enforcement Issues and Regulations in Undelimited Maritime Boundaries: An International Law Perspective
Authors: Erlina Esther Christie , Catur Siswandi Raden Ahmad Gusman 
Published: January 2021

Maritime boundaries play an essential role in determining the state's sovereignty, rights to exploit natural resources, maintain security, and territorial integrity. However, maritime boundaries often overlap between states, which can amount to conflicts. Maritime areas whose boundaries have not been agreed between neighboring states are referred to as “undelimited maritime boundaries” (UMB). Indeed, Article 74 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 has set out rules regarding UMB. However, conflicts still arise between states; for instance, the conflict related to law enforcement between Indonesia and Viet Nam in the South China Sea. This study aims to analyze law enforcement issues and the rights and obligations of states in UMB under international law. This study uses normative legal research which applies the method of legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches. This study finds that states involved in UMB are prohibited from carrying out excessive law enforcement since it could trigger more conflicts and will hamper the ongoing final maritime delimitation negotiation process. In order to ensure zero conflicts during the negotiation process, this paper recommends that Indonesia should make every effort to enter into a comprehensive provisional arrangement about UMB with its neighboring states.
Keywords: International Law, Law Enforcement, Undelimited Maritime Boundaries.
Geographical Indications in Trade Commodities for Promoting Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia
Authors: Kurnilasari Dwi Tiara 
Published: January 2021

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many countries. It leads them to imbalance conditions in various sectors, particularly in the economic sector due to the shifting of people's habits. Amidst the recession, Indonesian local horticulture commodities increase in rates, supporting Indonesia's revenue. In Indonesia, abundant natural resources with numerous potential Geographical Indications (GI) need the government and other related parties' intense role. It currently results in weakness in many ways to support sustainable economic development. This study aims to discuss the protection of Geographical Indications both in national and international laws, and analyze certain vital steps to efficiently utilizing Indonesia's GI as trade commodities. The paper will mainly discuss Geographical Indication legal protection and ways to utilize it for the country's economy. The study finds that the legal protection of GI in Indonesia is still considered weak and lacks in parties' active involvement in managing GI-based trade commodities and products. The research concluded that to strengthen GI protection in Indonesia, related party involvement and continuous monitoring and promoting are necessary to be done. Furthermore, the advice is to increase local community awareness by government and non-governmental organizations toward GI potential. It includes developing an efficient protection and management system that fully maximized each party's ability to execute its responsibility.
KEYWORDS: Geographical Indications, Intellectual Property, Economic Development.
Pengaturan Harmonisasi Rancangan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang Dibentuk Di Daerah oleh Kemenkumham
Authors: Ghoni Choirudin Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Seiring dengan banyaknya keberadaan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlak`ud ingin mengkaji keabsahan Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 tentang pengharmonisasian rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk di daerah oleh perancang. Penulisan ini mengacu pada jenis penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, serta menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Melalui penulisan ini didapatkan bahwa Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor 22 Tahun 2018 tidak sah karena dasar hukum dan wewenang untuk harmonisasi tidak didasari substansinya atas penjabaran perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi dan aturan tersebut telah mengesampingkan norma hukum yang lebih tinggi diatasnya terkait batasan wewenang harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk di daerah. Dengan demikian, disarankan Peraturan Menteri tersebut harus diperintahkan oleh Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi atau dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan yang tidak bertentangan dengan norma yang lebih tinggi serta wewenang harmonisasi oleh Kemenkumham hanya sebatas peraturan daerah yang berasal dari Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota tidak termasuk peraturan daerah dari DPRD Provinsi, DPRD Kabupaten, dan DPRD Kota serta produk hukum lainnya yang dibentuk di daerah.
Face to Face
Authors: Held Tobias 
Published: January 2021

The present article shows an experimental subject investigation on elements of video telephony in relation to experiencing and feeling connectedness and intimacy within private interpersonal communication. Particular interests are questions about possible relationships between image detail, angle of view or perspective as well as image format or the foreign and personal perception of the communicators. Central to this is the question of whether the practices and interactions of users in dealing with communication technology can be used to derive possible conclusions on negotiation measures or even adaptation services. The obtained results are presented on the basis of an introductory theoretical discussion. It is followed by a summary and analysis as well as an outlook on the further use and significance of the results.
Investigation of the parameters determining the value of the shift productivity of a feller-bunchers
Authors: Андронов А.В. , Зверев И.А. 
Published: January 2021

Представлены результаты замеров времени на наведение захватно-срезающее устройства на дерево, его захват и натяг. Получены законы распределения сменной производительности валочно-пакетирующих машин и параметров, определяющих время цикла на обработку одного дерева. Установлена регрессионная зависимость между сменной производительностью и временем переезда машины между лентами.
The study presents results of experimental measurements of aiming a tree, its’ capture and cutting for a feller-buncher shear felling head. The study obtains distribution laws of feller-bunchers’ productivity and parameters determining the cycle time for processing a single tree. The paper presents regression relationship between the shift capacity and the machine travelling time between the belts.
Strength Study of Sorption Composites Based on Microfine Glass Fibers
Authors: Дубовый В.К. , Суслов Г.А. 
Published: January 2021

Исследуется влияние минерального и органического связующего на термостойкость и показатель разрушающего усилия композиционных сорбционных материалов на основе стеклянных волокон. Рассматриваемый материал используется для сорбции органических соединений при низких концентрациях. Изучение влияния на эти два показателя вызвано тем, что материал, описываемый в настоящей статье, требует определенной технологической прочности и должен выдерживать температуры 300 °С. Для достижения требуемых параметров для материала исследовались три типа связующего: 1. Полиядерные комплексы алюминия, полученные в результате гидролиза хлорида алюминия; 2. Полиядерные комплексы алюминия, полученные в результате гидролиза сульфата алюминия; 3. Сульфатная небеленая целлюлоза. По результатам исследования было выявлено наиболее подходящее связующее для сорбционного композиционного материала и определено оптимальное процентное содержание этого связующего.
Discusses the influence of mineral and organic binders on the heat resistance and the index of the destructive force of composite sorption materials based on glass fibers. This material is used for sorption of organic compounds at low concentrations. Consideration of the impact on these two indicators is caused by the fact that the material described in this article requires a certain technological strength and must withstand temperatures of 300 °C. To achieve the required parameters for the material, three types of binder were studied: 1. Polynuclear complexes of aluminium, obtained by hydrolysis with aluminium chloride; 2. Polynuclear complexes of aluminium, obtained by hydrolysis of aluminium sulfate; 3. Sulfate unbleached cellulose. According to the results of the study, the most suitable binder for the sorption composite material was identified and the optimal percentage of this binder was determined.
Improve Usability of Tourism Websites Based on Agile Strategies
Authors: Asefa Tsegaye Yabsra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Usability is critically important in developing tourism websites because visitors expect tourism websites to be attractive, interactive and informative. The main aim of this paper is to analyze and examine the content of tourism websites. A case study has been performed on a tourism website to understand the usability gaps of tourism websites development process for better website usability and user satisfaction. The paper discusses factors that are success combinations of features that a tourism websites must have. Considering the success factors10 tourism websites were analyzed. The paper presented a report on the analyzed data and give suggestions for making tourism websites more efficient.
Adaptively Truncating Gradient for Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Gao Minjuan , Dang Hongshe , Zhang Xuande 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective image quality assessment (IQA) aims to develop computational models to predict the perceptual image quality consistent with subjective evaluations. As image information is presented by the change in intensity values in the spatial domain, the gradient, as a basic tool for measuring the change, is widely used in IQA models. However, does the change measured by the gradient actually correspond to the change perceived by the human visual system (HVS)? To explore this issue, in this paper, we analyze how the ability of the HVS to perceive changes is affected by the upper threshold, and we propose an IQA index based on an adaptively truncating gradient. Specifically, the upper threshold at each pixel in an image is adaptively determined according to the image content, and the adaptively truncating gradient is obtained by retaining the part of the gradient magnitude that is less than the upper threshold and truncating the part that is greater than the upper threshold. Then, the distorted image quality is calculated by comparing the similarity of the adaptively truncating gradient between a reference image and the distorted image. Experimental results on six benchmark databases demonstrate that the proposed index correlates well with human evaluations.
On the molecular identity of Paratylenchus nanus Cobb, 1923 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Yan Guiping , Kantor Mihail , Handoo Zafar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, molecular characterization of Paratylenchus nanus collected from the type locality in Four Mile Run, Fall Church, Virginia using COI, D2-D3 of 28 S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences was provided. We molecularly also characterized, Paratylenchus specimens collected from grasses in Devils Lake, Ramsey County, North Dakota indicated as the type locality in the original description of P. nanus by Cobb (1923). These nematodes were identified as representatives of the species P. projectus. Populations of P. nanus belonging to the molecular types A and B, and previously designated by Van den Berg et al. (2014) should be now identified as P. nanus and P. projectus, respectively.
Alport Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review on Genetics, Pathophysiology, Histology, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Pedrosa Ana Luisa , Bitencourt Letícia , Paranhos Rafaela Moreira , Leitáo Cristiana Afonso , Ferreira Guilherme Costa , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Alport syndrome (AS) is a disease caused by mutations in
COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5, the genes that encode distinct chains of type IV collagen.
The vast majority of cases present as an inherited disorder, although de novo mutations
are present in around 10% of the cases.

Methods:
This non-systematic review summarizes recent evidence on AS. We discuss
the genetic and pathophysiology of AS, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnostic
protocols, conventional treatment and prognostic markers of the disease. In addition,
we summarize experimental findings with novel therapeutic perspectives for AS.

Results:
The deficient synthesis of collagen heterotrimers throughout the organism leads
to impaired basement membranes (BM) in several organs. As a result, the disease manifests
in a wide range of conditions, particularly renal, ocular and auricular alterations.
Moreover, leiomyomatosis and vascular abnormalities may also be present as atypical
presentations. In this framework, diagnosis can be performed based on clinical evaluation,
skin or renal biopsy and genetic screening, the latter being the gold standard. There
are no formally approved treatments for AS, even though therapeutic options have been
described to delay disease progression and increase life expectancy. Novel therapeutic targets
under pre-clinical investigation included paricalcitol, sodium-glucose co-transporter-
2 inhibitors, bardoxolone methyl, anti-microRNA-21 oligonucleotides, recombinant
human pentraxin-2, lysyl oxidase-like-2 blockers, hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin,
sodium 4-phenylbutyrate and stem cell therapy.

Conclusion:
AS is still a greatly under and misdiagnosed disorder. The pathophysiology is still not fully unnderstand and
genetics of the disease have also some gaps. Up to know, there is no specific and effective treatment for AS. Further studies
are necessary to establish novel and effective therapeutic protocols.
Aerobic Oxidation of Dihydroxyarenes Substrates Catalyzed by Polymer-Supported RuII-Pheox/Silica-Gel: A Beneficial Route for Purification of
Industrial Water
Authors: Abu-Elfotoh Abdel-Moneim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
A broad class of dihydroxyarenes were easily oxidized by aerobic oxygen to quinone products
in excellent yields under the catalytic effect of polymer-supported RuII-Pheox/silica-gel catalyst. By
using this combined catalyst, hydroquinone and catechol derivatives with electron-donating groups were
easily oxidized by molecular oxygen to quinone products in 90% to >99% yield, while in the case of
electron-withdrawing group, only 70% was obtained. The biologically useful 1,4-Naphthoqinone products
were obtained in 83% to 90%. The catalyst was easily obtained and reused many times without a
significant decrease in reactivity. Interestingly, a sample of industrial water contaminated with phenolic
compounds was subjected to aerobic oxidation by using this catalyst, and the resultant quinones were
detected within one day and the catalyst was removed and reused several times with different contaminating
samples with the same efficiency. Other catalytic oxidations by using this promising catalyst
were investigated.
Application of Ion Exchange and Adsorption Techniques for Separation of Whey Proteins from Bovine Milk
Authors: Radosavljević Jelena , Stanić-Vučinić Dragana , Stojadinović Marija , Radomirović Mirjana , Simović Ana , Radibratović Milica , Veličković Tanja Ćirković 
Published: January 2021

Background:The world production of whey was estimated to be more than 200 million tons per year. Although whey is an important source of proteins with high nutritional value and biotechnological importance, it is still considered as a by-product of the dairy industry with low economic value due to low industrial exploitation. There are several challenges in the separation of whey proteins: low concentration, the complexity of the material and similar properties (pI, molecular mass) of some proteins.Methods:A narrative review of all the relevant papers on the present methodologies based on ion-exchange and adsorption principles for isolation of whey proteins, known to the authors, was conducted.Results:Traditional ion-exchange techniques are widely used for the separation and purification of the bovine whey proteins. These methodologies, based on the anion or cation chromatographic procedures, as well as combination of aforementioned techniques are still preferential methods for the isolation of the whey proteins on the laboratory scale. However, more recent research on ion exchange membranes for this purpose has been introduced, with promising potential to be applied on the pilot industrial scale. Newly developed methodologies based either on the ion-exchange separation (for example: simulated moving bed chromatography, expanded bed adsorption, magnetic ion exchangers, etc.) or adsorption (for example: adsorption on hydroxyapatite or activated carbon, or molecular imprinting) are promising approaches for scaling up of the whey proteins’ purification processes.Conclusion:Many procedures based on ion exchange are successfully implemented for separation and purification of whey proteins, providing protein preparations of moderate-to-high yield and satisfactory purity. However, the authors anticipate further development of adsorption-based methodologies for separation of whey proteins by targeting the differences in proteins’ structures rather than targeting the differences in molecular masses and pI. The complex composite multilayered matrices, including also inorganic components, are promising materials for simultaneous exploiting of the differences in the masses, pI and structures of whey proteins for the separation.
CSBPI_Site: Multi-Information Sources of Features to RNA Binding Sites Prediction
Authors: Zhang Lichao , Huang Zihong , Kong Liang 
Published: January 2021

Background:
RNA-binding proteins establish posttranscriptional gene regulation by coordinating
maturation, editing, transport, stability, and translation of cellular RNAs. Immunoprecipitation
experiments could identify the interaction between RNA and proteins, but they are limited due to the
experimental environment and material. Therefore, it is essential to construct computational models to
identify the function sites.

Objective:
Although some computational methods have been proposed to predict RNA binding sites,
the accuracy could be further improved. Moreover, it is necessary to construct a dataset with more
samples to design a reliable model. Here we present a computational model based on multi-information
sources to identify RNA binding sites.

Methods:
We construct an accurate computational model named CSBPI_Site, based on extreme gradient
boosting. The specifically designed 15-dimensional feature vector captures four types of information
(chemical shift, chemical bond, chemical properties and position information).

Results:
The satisfied accuracy of 0.86 and AUC of 0.89 were obtained by leave-one-out crossvalidation.
Meanwhile, the accuracies were slightly different (range from 0.83 to 0.85) among the three
classifiers algorithm, which showed that the novel features are stable and fit to multiple classifiers.
These results showed that the proposed method is effective and robust for the identification of noncoding
RNA binding sites.

Conclusion:
Our method based on multi-information sources is effective to represent the binding sites information among
ncRNAs. The satisfied prediction results of Diels-Alder riboz-yme based on CSBPI_Site indicates that our model is
valuable to identify the function site.
iTSP-PseAAC: Identifying Tumor Suppressor Proteins by Using Fully Connected Neural Network and PseAAC
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Hussain Waqar , Rasool Nouman , Khan Yaser Daanial 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The uncontrolled growth due to accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes as a result of
loss or reduction in the normal function of Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSGs) and Pro-oncogenes is known as cancer. TSGs
control cell division and growth by repairing of DNA mistakes during replication and restrict the unwanted proliferation
of a cell or activities, those are the part of tumor production.

Objectives:
This study aims to propose a novel, accurate, user-friendly model to predict tumor suppressor proteins, which
would be freely available to experimental molecular biologists to assist them using in vitro and in vivo studies.

Methods:
The predictor model has used the input feature vector (IFV) calculated from the physicochemical properties of
proteins based on FCNN to compute the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and MCC. The proposed model was validated
against different exhaustive validation techniques i.e. self-consistency and cross-validation.

Results:
Using self-consistency, the accuracy is 99%, for cross-validation and independent testing has 99.80% and 100%
accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the proposed model is 99%, sensitivity value 98% and specificity 99% and
F1-score was 0.99.

Conclusion:
It concludes, the proposed model for prediction of the tumor suppressor proteins can predict the tumor
suppressor proteins efficiently, but it still has space for improvements in computational ways as the protein sequences
may rapidly increase, day by day.
Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir
Authors: Deshkar Sanjeevani , Sikchi Sumit , Thakre Anjali , Kale Rupali 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle
system for vaginal delivery of acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa.

Method:
Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer
407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to
sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in
nanoparticles were studied using 32 full factorial design. The surface response and counterplots
were drawn to facilitate an understanding of the contribution of the variables and their interaction.
The nanoparticles were evaluated for drug entrapment, size with zeta potential, morphological analysis
by TEM, solid-state characterization by FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro dissolution, in vitro cell uptake
using HeLa cell line and in vivo vaginal irritation test in Wistar rats.

Results:
Chitosan nanoparticle formulation with chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of
2:1 and acyclovir concentration of 2 mg/mL resulted in the highest entrapment efficiency. The resulting
nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with a particle size of 191.2 nm. The surface
modification of nanoparticles with poloxamer resulted in higher drug entrapment (74.3±1.5%),
higher particle size (391.1 nm) as a result of dense surface coating, lower zeta potential and sustained
drug release compared to unmodified nanoparticles. The change in the crystallinity of the
drug during nanoparticle formulation was observed in DSC and XRD study. Cellular uptake of
poloxamer-modified chitosan nanoparticles was found to be higher than chitosan nanoparticles in
HeLa cells. Safety of nanoparticle formulations by vaginal route was evident when tested in female
rats.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, poloxamer-modified CH NP could serve as a promising and safe delivery
system with enhanced cellular drug uptake.