bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue therapy in girls with idiopathic precocious puberty/early-fast puberty: dynamics in adiposity indices, eating habits and quality of life
Authors: Loochi Shiran Abargil , Demol Sharon , Nagelberg Nessia , Lebenthal Yael , Phillip Moshe , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The impact of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-analogue (GnRHa) treatment on weight and body composition is controversial. Exploring the nutritional, psychological patterns of this population may aid to clarify this propensity to gain weight. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in adiposity, nutrition and quality of life in girls with central precocious/early-fast puberty (CPP/EFP) during GnRHa treatment.

Methods
Thirty-two GnRHa-treated girls with CPP/EFP and 27 prepubertal girls (7–10 years) were included in the analysis. Outcome measures assessed at baseline for CPP/EFP and the control groups and during up to two years of GnRHa treatment for the CPP/EFP group, included anthropometrics, body-composition, basal-metabolic-rate (BMR), 3-day food-diaries, child eating-behavior questionnaire, and pediatric quality-of-life questionnaire (PedsQL).

Results
Girls with CPP/EFP had higher pretreatment BMI-SDS, fat percentages, waist circumference and waist-per-height (p<0.01 for all), and lower psychosocial functioning than controls (p<0.05). Changes in anthropometric and body composition measurements indicated a gradual increase in adiposity and a decrease in muscle mass (p<0.001 for all). Dynamics in body composition could not be explained by the participants’ self-reported dietary patterns and physical activity levels or by the measured BMR, which revealed an adequate and relatively low energy intake as compared to energy requirements. A gradual decline in physical functioning (PedsQL) after one and two years of GnRHa treatment was observed (p<0.001).

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive surveillance in girls with CPP/EFP. Dynamics in weight status and body composition during GnRHa treatment indicate the need for tailored nutritional and physical activity counseling aimed at preventing obesity.
Stanislaviv in the face of the Polish-Soviet War 1939 Polish Garrison – Soviet Garrison
Authors: Franz Maciej 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 1921-1939 Stanyslaviv was one the bigger polish garrisons. The approach of the war the reason for leaving the town by polish troops. In September of 1939 the garrison in Stanyslaviv was rather small, consisting of small logistic units. Until now the historians have been interested in the face of this particular garrison in those few September days of 1939th. This is an attempt to showcase the most important events that happened while the polish troops were stationed in town and were still trying to provide peace and safety it and its people.
Time-varying threshold cointegration with an application to the Fisher hypothesis
Authors: Yang Lixiong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper extends the threshold cointegration model developed by Gonzalo, J., and J. Y. Pitarakis. 2006. “Threshold Effects in Cointegrating Relationships.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics & Statistics 68: 813–33 and Chen, H. 2015. “Robust Estimation and Inference for Threshold Models with Integrated Regressors.” Econometric Theory 31 (4): 778–810 to allow for a time-varying threshold, which is a function of candidate variables that affect the separation of regimes. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed least-square estimator of the threshold, and study the convergence rate of the threshold estimator. We also suggest test statistics for threshold effect and threshold constancy. Monte Carlo simulations point out that the convergence rate of the threshold estimator is consistent with the asymptotic theory, and the proposed tests have good size and power properties. The empirical usefulness of the proposed model is illustrated by an application to the US data to investigate the Fisher hypothesis.
Translation of Character Names in Le avventure di Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi
Authors: Lukančenko Brigita , Klioštoraitytė Rasa 
Published: February 2021

Translating character names in fiction can be difficult, as names can perform different functions: not only naming, but also highlighting characteristic features. Translators of fiction have to make certain decisions how to render names in the Target Text and retain the functions and meanings they serve in the Source Text. The aim of this article is to analyse the translation of character names in C. Collodi’s Le avventure di Pinocchio into Lithuanian, Polish and Russian and to compare the translation startegies chosen by the translators. The results of this analysis show that the most common rendering method in the Lithuanian, Polish and Russian versions was direct translation. Also, it can be concluded that character names were rendered most accurately in their translation into Lithuanian, the second in terms of accuracy of rendering character names is the translation into Russian, and the third – into Polish.
Latvian Translation Scene at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs 
Published: February 2021

The paper looks at the Latvian translation scene at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. It is a continuation of the study of translation history in Latvia reflected in previous issues of Vertimo studijos (vol. 7, 8, 11). These decades are marked by a huge growth of translation, especially in periodicals. German was gradually losing its dominant position as a source and intermediate language, Russian was advancing, so was also the scope of other languages. In contrast to previous periods there was a particular interest in the quality of the originals and modernity.This period also saw a change of generations among translators, and women became visible in translation scene. Translators among whom there were all the great Latvian writers gradually emerged as professionals. Frequently translations had prefaces and explanations by the translators. There were numerous parallel translations of the same works, some reaching up to ten versions. Translations included various genres and the traditional Latvian interest in plays was very obvious. So was the focus on specialised literature on agriculture. The translation method changed from localisation to a fidelity mode with a tendency to apply elements of foreignisation.
Nonlinearity of Competition-Stability Nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Kumar Debasis , Saha Mallika 
Published: February 2021

Financial deregulation since the 1980s has been stimulating fierce competition among banks and influencing financial stability across the world. In pace with this, Bangladesh's banking industry is also experiencing intense competition since it is composed of many banks. The empirical evidence on competition and stability widely debate to date, perhaps for not considering the potential nonlinearity. Therefore, our study aims to explore the nonlinear impact of competition on the financial stability of Bangladeshi banks over 2010-2017. For achieving this objective, we compute the Boone indicator and Z-score using bank-level data to measure competition and stability, respectively, and examine the nonlinear dynamics of competition-stability nexus employing threshold analysis in a panel setup. Our findings confirm that the competition-stability relationship is nonlinear and implies that financial stability is more substantial (weaker) in a less (more) competitive market. Our results bear specific policy implications.JEL Classification: G21, G28How to Cite:Dutta, K. D., & Saha, M. (2021). Nonlinearity of Competition-Stability Nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh. Etikonomi, 20(1), 55 – 66. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15984.
The COVID-19's Economic Crisis and Its Solutions: A Literature Review
Authors: Irawan Andi , Alamsyah Halim 
Published: February 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 predicts can create a global economic crisis include Indonesia. This paper aimed to answer the first question: how the transmission process from a pandemic became an economic crisis; Second, what macroeconomic policies should take to recover the economic crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic; third, what non-economic measures must consider confirming the macroeconomic policies achieved its target. Using 32 references in the literature review process, we tried to find out the answers to this study's questions. This study recommended that the measures for containment of the virus spread and the execution of fiscal and monetary stimulus should be coordinate internationally among countries and territories.JEL Classification: E60, E66How to Cite:Irawan, A., & Alamsyah, H. (2021). The Covid-19’s Economic Crisis and Its Solution: A Literature Review. Etikonomi, 20(1), 77 – 92. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.16870.
Effect of manual therapies on cardiac autonomic control: a systematic review
Authors: Sousa Kamila Aparecida de , Cardoso Leila Batista , Pirola Flavia Maria , Auad Luciana Gonzalez , De Oliveira Adriana Sarmento 
Published: February 2021

Background: Evidences suggest that manual therapies, a physiotherapy specialty widely used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, would be complementary or alternative for the treatment of cardiac autonomic dysfunction present in the elderly, patients with cardiovascular diseases, some neuromuscular diseases and in some pain processes. Objective: Evaluate the available scientific evidence regarding the effect of manual therapy techniques on cardiac autonomic control. Methods: The selected articles were indexed in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO and LILACS. Results: In the initial search, 233 articles were identified in the electronic databases. After initial analysis of the titles, 210 articles were excluded because they did not address the research topic, performed other types of intervention or evaluation or because they were review articles. A second step of evaluating the 23 previously selected articles was carried out and consisted of reading the abstracts of the articles. After reading the abstracts, 11 were selected. According to the analysis of the selected articles, it was possible to observe that most manual therapy techniques improved the cardiac autonomic control of their samples: Fornari, Carnevali and Sgoifo (2017), Girsberger et al. (2014), Valenzuela et al. (2018), Curi et al. (2017), Akbaş et al. (2019), Buttagat et al. (2009),Kunikata et al. (2012), Mantovani et al. (2005) and Giles et al. (2011). Guilherme et al. (2010) was the only study that found no change. Conclusion: Manual therapies have improved cardiac autonomy acutely in healthy young and middle-aged populations or with discomfort, hypertension and back pain associated with the presence of myofascial trigger points. It is emphasized the importance of conducting new randomized controlled studies, with high methodological quality, that address the effect of other manual therapies on cardiac autonomic control.
Government borrowing as a Ponzi scheme: the case of Bangladesh
Authors: Saadat Syed Yusuf 
Published: February 2021

This study investigates whether government borrowing can be likened to a Ponzi scheme which will allow the government to roll-over its debt perpetually. The results show that, on the basis of the condition of maintaining real economic growth rate above and beyond the real interest rate on government debt, it will not be possible to sustain a perpetual Ponzi scheme of all four types of National Savings Certificates in Bangladesh. The government’s debt may be rolled over perpetually for two types of National Savings Certificates, following the condition outlined in Ball, et al. (1998), or for three types of National Savings Certificates following the condition outlined in Mehrotra (2017).
Comparison of pulmonary function tests in patients with sickle cell anemia and sickle beta-thalassemia referring to the hematology clinic of Bandar Abbas Shahid Mohammadi Hospital with the control group in 2019-2020
Authors: Rahimi Arash , Rashidi Mohammad amin , Rasti Abolhasan 
Published: February 2021

Aim: Due to the high prevalence of sickle cell anemia and beta-shaped sickle cell thalassemia in this region, we decided to conduct this study with the aim of investigating the status of pulmonary function in these patients in Bandar Abbas.
Method: The statistical population in this study included all patients with sickle cell anemia and sickle cell beta-thalassemia who had referred to the hematology clinic from 2019-2020, which was equal to 60 people. Also, the workers who had referred to the specialized lung clinic for periodic health tests entered the study by observing the criteria for leaving the review as a control group. Participants were subjected to spirometry and pulmonary volumes were measured.
Result: The patients in the case group, 39 (65%) were from sickle cell anemia, and 21 (35%) were from the sickle cell beta-thalassemia. In this study, all the studied parameters had a significant difference between the study group and the control, except for the mean age (p=0.906). In the control group, the values of FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second), FVC (Forced vital capacity), and FEF25-75% (Forced expiratory flow 25-75%) are higher than these values in the case group, and this difference is significant (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the levels of FEV1, FVC and FEF 25-75% in the control group are higher than these values in the patient group and this difference is significant.
Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran
Authors: Jafari-Sales Abolfazl , Sadeghi Deylamdeh Zahra , Shariat Afsoon 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods. Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene.
Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics. Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.
¿Cuáles son las características del mejor jefe que has tenido?
Authors: García Silvia 
Published: February 2021

Durante mi trayectoria como docente universitaria, he observado con agrado que los cursos o talleres en Gestión de Personas ya no sólo se dictan a los profesionales que son parte de un Área o Gerencia de Gestión del Talento, sino que hoy en día, estas capacitaciones también están dirigidas a todos aquellos que tienen a su cargo personas que forman parte de sus equipos de trabajo, es decir, a los “jefes”.
El efecto del tipo de cambio en la contabilidad de las empresas
Authors: Urdanegui Rosella 
Published: February 2021

En nuestro país, en los años 2009 y 2012 hubo una caída del precio del dólar, conocida como apreciación del sol. Esto dio como resultado una mayor utilidad en sus estados nancieros para aquellas empresas que estaban desprotegidas frente al riesgo de las uctuaciones de cambio.
Nota del editor
Authors: Escalante Andrés 
Published: February 2021

La Facultad de Negocios de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), presenta mediante esta nota editorial el primer número del tercer volumen de su Review of Global Management. Quienes formamos parte, tanto de su Comité Ejecutivo, como de su Comité Editorial Internacional, nos sentimos complacidos de la publicación del presente número porque esta revista no sólo resume una ardua labor colectiva de corte operativo, sino también y sobre todo un esfuerzo institucional por diseminar erudición por la vía escrita. Ello, apelando a la reflexión intelectual, al pensamiento crítico y a la investigación científica, en temas de interés académico, como de actualidad, relevantes en la administración de empresas, negocios internacionales, innovación, emprendimiento y economía, entre otros.
Se busca sentido común
Authors: García Jean P. 
Published: February 2021

Hace unos días revisaba algunos de los documentos de investigación que ha publicado el profesor Pablo Fernández, Ph.D. en Business Economics y titular de la cátedra PricewaterhouseCoopers de Finanzas Corporativas en la Escuela de Negocios IESE de la Universidad de Navarra. El profesor Fernández es conocido, tanto por sus trabajos de investigación, como por sus asesorías empresariales, todo ello relacionado con la valoración de negocios. Al ser uno de los principales especialistas hispanos en valuación, siempre resulta interesante releer sus reflexiones sobre este tema, que ocupa una posición importante dentro del ámbito de estudio de las finanzas corporativas.
Gestión de calidad
Authors: Bouillon Adolfo 
Published: February 2021

La gestión de la calidad debe ser una filosofía de trabajo más que una serie de procedimientos para mantener una determinada certificación (e.g., ISO 9000). Esta filosofía supone un cambio de paradigma, desde la perspectiva dependiente hacia la interdependiente, en la cual los trabajadores asumen como suya la responsabilidad de velar por que los procesos se efectúen en forma adecuada, de manera que la experiencia del cliente con el servicio sea la mejor.
La solución de controversias entre estados en los tratados de libre comercio
Authors: García-Corrochano Moyano Luis 
Published: February 2021

Los tratados de libre comercio no apuntan a crear sistemas burocráticos de integración, sino marcos legales que permitan el flujo transfronterizo de bienes y capitales. En ese sentido, al carecer de una estructura institucional permanente, requieren dotarse de sistemas de solución de controversias capaces de resolver los problemas que se presenten en el comercio entre los particulares, y también aquellos que se deriven de los actos legales y administrativos de los Estados partes, y que puedan impactar negativamente en el comercio entre ellos. Los sistemas de solución de controversias proponen mecanismos ágiles, fiables e imparciales que permitan resolver los desacuerdos y eviten que el cumplimiento de los tratados se vea perjudicado por el surgimiento de contenciosos que paralicen su aplicación y frenen el desarrollo de los aspectos sustantivos del tratado. En ese sentido, el artículo examina y compara los mecanismos previstos en algunos tratados de libre comercio acordados a nivel regional
Eficiencia: el código genético de la gestión
Authors: Macera Danilo 
Published: February 2021

Se analiza la relación entre los términos eficiencia, eficacia, y efectividad. Mientras que los dos primeros términos se refieren a los recursos y a los objetivos respectivamente, el tercero se refiere a la combinación de ambos. La eficiencia es un concepto que está presente en la naturaleza y dentro de ésta en el reino animal. Se presentan casos de empresas que han logrado un desempeño adecuado en términos de eficiencia. Las capacidades que se deben desarrollar para alcanzar eficiencia corresponden a estimar con precisión la cantidad óptima de producción de bienes y servicios; identificar los recursos estratégicos y gestionarlos; y por último, tener claridad en el establecimiento de objetivos.
MENYINGKAP NARASI DEKONSTRUKSI DALAM NOVEL CALA IBI (BERHALUSINASI TENTANG SEBUAH HALUSINASI)
Authors: Purnamasari Hetty , Nugraha Triyana Andra 
Published: February 2021

The novel Cala Ibi tells about the dream Maya has. In short, the story in Maya's dream is multi-layered and is one entity. Therefore Maya must find the meaning of these dreams. In her novel Cala Ibi, Nukila Amal tries to disconstruct a fixed structure of a novel that is understood by the readers. The structure of plot, the choice of characters, characterization, and the choice off setting are almost all deviated from the position of the elements of a novel. From the beginning, the narrator has decided not to obey the structure of a novel. The indication of her trying to disconstruct the novel’s structure happens to almost all of the parts of the novel. Nevertheless, the meaning given to the readers is an interesting challenge. This novel is examined with a deconstruction approach that aims to describe how the deconstruction is displayed in the novel Cala Ibi. Deconstruction is done by giving attention to symptoms that are hidden, deliberately hidden, such as untruth, side characters, women, and so on.
Polymicrobial Extensor Tenosynovitis Including Mycobacterium chelonae Caused by a Dog Bite
Authors: Minato Sayoko , Sukegawa Koji , Onuma Kenji , Otake Yuya , Iida Riyo , Takaso Masashi 
Published: February 2021

Case:
A nonimmunocompromised 77-year-old man was bitten in the hand by his dog; redness, swelling, and exudate developed. Despite debridement and medications administered at another hospital, his symptoms did not improve. He was referred to us after 3 months. Debridement and negative-pressure wound therapy was performed. Cultures were positive for multiple bacterial organisms, including Mycobacterium chelonae. Polymicrobial extensor tenosynovitis including M. chelonae was diagnosed. Clarithromycin was given for 7 months based on drug sensitivity. His symptoms did not recur.

Conclusion:

Mycobacterium chelonae infections after dog bites are rare; however, mycobacterial culture tests are important, especially if tissue shows granulomatous inflammation.