bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire resistance of aluminium‐glazed partitions depending on their height
Authors: Sędłak Bartłomiej , Sulik Paweł , Garbacz Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYThe actual class of fire resistance of glazed partitions can only be determined according to a test, which meets the normative requirements. The test standards in this field determine the minimum dimensions of the test specimens (2800 × 3000 mm, width × height, in the clear opening of the furnace), on which the test should be carried out. The testing of elements with the minimum dimensions allowed by the test standard, assess the fire resistance of components with slightly larger dimensions. This, however, does not solve the real problem, which is the use of glazed partitions with fire resistance, significantly exceeding the dimensions of the sample walls verified by the tests. The aim of the research described in this article was to verify the influence of the height of glazed partitions on their fire resistance. The results of six tests of partitions with different height (from 3 up to 6 m) and the same width (3 m), made on the basis of the same glazing and the same aluminium profiles have been compared. During the fire resistance tests, the performance criteria of integrity and insulation were verified. Additionally, the deflection of the partition was measured in specific places by means of laser and draw wire sensors. Based on the presented test results, it can be argued that the height of the partition does not have a significant impact on its insulation and integrity, provided that the size of the glass panes is not increased along with the wall height, that the structure of the element is symmetrical in relation to the central vertical axis and, most importantly, that the mullions are properly stiffened.
Fast qualitY conTrol meThod foR derIved diffUsion Metrics (YTTRIUM) in big data analysis: U.K. Biobank 18,608 example
Authors: Maximov Ivan I. , van der Meer Dennis , de Lange Ann‐Marie G. , Kaufmann Tobias , Shadrin Alexey , Frei Oleksandr , Wolfers Thomas , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeriving reliable information about the structural and functional architecture of the brain in vivo is critical for the clinical and basic neurosciences. In the new era of large population‐based datasets, when multiple brain imaging modalities and contrasts are combined in order to reveal latent brain structural patterns and associations with genetic, demographic and clinical information, automated and stringent quality control (QC) procedures are important. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a fertile imaging technique for probing and visualising brain tissue microstructure in vivo, and has been included in most standard imaging protocols in large‐scale studies. Due to its sensitivity to subject motion and technical artefacts, automated QC procedures prior to scalar diffusion metrics estimation are required in order to minimise the influence of noise and artefacts. However, the QC procedures performed on raw diffusion data cannot guarantee an absence of distorted maps among the derived diffusion metrics. Thus, robust and efficient QC methods for diffusion scalar metrics are needed. Here, we introduce Fast qualitY conTrol meThod foR derIved diffUsion Metrics (YTTRIUM), a computationally efficient QC method utilising structural similarity to evaluate diffusion map quality and mean diffusion metrics. As an example, we applied YTTRIUM in the context of tract‐based spatial statistics to assess associations between age and kurtosis imaging and white matter tract integrity maps in U.K. Biobank data (n = 18,608). To assess the influence of outliers on results obtained using machine learning (ML) approaches, we tested the effects of applying YTTRIUM on brain age prediction. We demonstrated that the proposed QC pipeline represents an efficient approach for identifying poor quality datasets and artefacts and increases the accuracy of ML based brain age prediction.
The Addition of C‐Reactive Protein and von Willebrand Factor to Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium Improves Prediction of Waitlist Mortality
Authors: Starlinger Patrick , Ahn Joseph C. , Mullan Aidan , Gyoeri Georg P. , Pereyra David , Alva‐Ruiz Roberto , Hackl Hubert , Reiberger Thomas , Trauner Michael , Santol Jonas , Simbrunner Benedikt , Mandorfer Mattias , Berlakovich Gabriela , Kamath Patrick S. , Heimbach Julie 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Patients with cirrhosis on the liver transplant (LT) waiting list may die or be removed because of complications of portal hypertension (PH) or infections. von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF‐Ag) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are simple, broadly available markers of these processes.

Approach and Results
We determined whether addition of vWF‐Ag and CRP to the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease‐Sodium (MELD‐Na) score improves risk stratification of patients awaiting LT. CRP and vWF‐Ag at LT listing were assessed in two independent cohorts (Medical University of Vienna [exploration cohort] and Mayo Clinic Rochester [validation cohort]). Clinical characteristics, MELD‐Na, and mortality on the waiting list were recorded. Prediction of 3‐month waiting list mortality was assessed by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC‐AUC). In order to explore potential mechanisms underlying the prognostic utility of vWF‐Ag and CRP in this setting, we evaluated their association with PH, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation, and circulatory dysfunction. In the exploration cohort (n = 269) vWF‐Ag and CRP both improved the predictive value of MELD‐Na for 3‐month waitlist mortality and showed the highest predictive value when combined (AUC: MELD‐Na, 0.764; MELD‐Na + CRP, 0.790; MELD‐Na + vWF, 0.803; MELD‐Na + CRP + vWF‐Ag, 0.824). Results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort (n = 129; AUC: MELD‐Na, 0.677; MELD‐Na + CRP + vWF‐Ag, 0.882). vWF‐Ag was independently associated with PH and inflammatory biomarkers, whereas CRP closely, and MELD independently, correlated with biomarkers of bacterial translocation/inflammation.

Conclusions
The addition of vWF‐Ag and CRP—reflecting central pathophysiological mechanisms of PH, bacterial translocation, and inflammation, that are all drivers of mortality on the waiting list for LT—to the MELD‐Na score improves prediction of waitlist mortality. Using the vWFAg‐CRP‐MELD‐Na model for prioritizing organ allocation may improve prediction of waitlist mortality and decrease waitlist mortality.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG9 facilitates growth of glioma stem‐like cells via miR‐326/SOX9 axis
Authors: Wang Chao‐Jie , Chao Chu‐Rui , Zhao Wei‐Feng , Liu Hui‐Min , Feng Jiang‐Shan , Cui Yong‐Xia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlioma stem‐like cells (GSCs) are greatly responsible for the progression of glioma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in glioma tumor progression. This study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of lncRNA SNHG9 in regulating GSC cell growth.MethodsGSCs were obtained from glioma cells (U87 and U251) and referred to as GSC‐87 and GSC‐251, respectively. The interactions between miR‐326 and SNHG9 or SOX9 were analyzed using luciferase reporter assay. Cell growth of GSCs was evaluated by EdU assay and sphere formation assay.ResultsSNHG9 expression was significantly higher in GSC‐87 and GSC‐251 cells than in U87 and U251 cells. SNHG9 overexpression promoted GSC cell growth, whereas SNHG9 knockdown inhibited GSC cell growth. Mechanistically, SNHG9 acted as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR‐326 to elevate the expression of SOX9, a direct target of miR‐326. Moreover, transfection with miR‐326 inhibitor counteracted SNHG9 knockdown‐mediated inhibition of GSC cell growth.ConclusionsSNHG9 facilitates growth of GSCs via the miR‐326/SOX9 axis. This study provides a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
Translational neuroimaging in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wiegand Tim L. T. , Sollmann Nico , Bonke Elena M. , Umeasalugo Kosisochukwu E. , Sobolewski Kristen R. , Plesnila Nikolaus , Shenton Martha E. , Lin Alexander P. , Koerte Inga K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are common with an estimated 27.1 million cases per year. Approximately 80% of TBIs are categorized as mild TBI (mTBI) based on initial symptom presentation. While in most individuals, symptoms resolve within days to weeks, in some, symptoms become chronic. Advanced neuroimaging has the potential to characterize brain morphometric, microstructural, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities following mTBI. However, translational studies are needed for the interpretation of neuroimaging findings in humans with respect to the underlying pathophysiological processes, and, ultimately, for developing novel and more targeted treatment options. In this review, we introduce the most commonly used animal models for the study of mTBI. We then summarize the neuroimaging findings in humans and animals after mTBI and, wherever applicable, the translational aspects of studies available today. Finally, we highlight the importance of translational approaches and outline future perspectives in the field of translational neuroimaging in mTBI.
T1ρ and T2 mapping detect acute ischemic injury in a piglet model of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease
Authors: Johnson Casey P. , Tóth Ferenc , Carlson Cathy S. , Armstrong Alexandra R. , Zbýň Štefan , Wu Baolin , Ellermann Jutta M. , Kim Harry K. W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the sensitivity of T1ρ and T2 relaxation time mapping to detect acute ischemic injury to the secondary ossification center (SOC) and epiphyseal cartilage of the femoral head in a piglet model of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease. Six piglets underwent surgery to induce global right femoral head ischemia and were euthanized 48 h later. Fresh operated and contralateral‐control femoral heads were imaged ex vivo with T1, T2, and T1ρ mapping using a 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The specimens were imaged a second time after a freeze/thaw cycle and then processed for histology. T1, T2, and T1ρ measurements in the SOC, epiphyseal cartilage, articular cartilage, and metaphysis were compared between operated and control femoral heads using paired t tests. The effects of freeze/thaw, T1ρ spin‐lock frequency, and fat saturation were also investigated. Five piglets with histologically confirmed ischemic injury were quantitatively analyzed. T1ρ was increased in the SOC (101 ± 15 vs. 73 ± 16 ms; p = 0.0026) and epiphyseal cartilage (84.9 ± 9.2 vs. 74.3 ± 3.6 ms; p = 0.031) of the operated versus control femoral heads. T2 was also increased in the SOC (28.7 ± 2.0 vs. 22.7 ± 1.7; p = 0.0037) and epiphyseal cartilage (57.4 ± 4.7 vs. 49.0 ± 2.7; p = 0.0041). No changes in T1 were detected. The sensitivities of T1ρ and T2 mapping in detecting ischemic injury were maintained after a freeze/thaw cycle, and T1ρ sensitivity was maintained after varying spin‐lock frequency and applying fat saturation. In conclusion, T1ρ and T2 mapping are sensitive in detecting ischemic injury to the SOC and epiphyseal cartilage of the femoral head as early as 48 h after ischemia induction.
Effects of water and salinity stresses on growth, yield, and water use of iceberg lettuce
Authors: Kurunc Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalinity and drought stresses have become widespread in many regions of the world. Although there are several studies, their findings about the response of lettuce to water and salinity stresses are contradictory. This paper therefore aims to evaluate the effects of water deficit and irrigation water salinity on growth, yield, and water consumption of iceberg lettuce. For these purposes, two experiments were carried out under Mediterranean conditions.RESULTSThe water yield response factors (Ky) determined for the lettuce plant grown under stress conditions caused by water (Ky = 1.69) and irrigation water salinity (Ky = 2.62) were quite different from each other. The classical salinity tolerance model did not reflect the results accurately because the fresh yield and plant water consumption of lettuce increased sharply with increasing soil salinity up to 2.17 dS m−1 and then decreased slightly after this value. Thus, a new model was created to reflect both the increase and decrease in fresh yield. The actual salt tolerance model for iceberg lettuce plant showed that the optimum salinity is 1.84 dS m−1 with relative yield decreases of 8.26 and 22.7% per unit salinity increase above and below the optimum salinity level, respectively.CONCLUSIONLettuce fresh yield at soil salinity below the optimum salinity experienced greater reduction than at soil salinity above the optimum value. The results reveal that the use of low‐salinity irrigation water should be preferred to increase fresh yield in iceberg lettuce cultivation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A magnetic relaxation switch sensor for determination of 17β‐estradiol in milk and eggs based on aptamer‐functionalized Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Xin , Pei Kaili , Sun Hanying , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDA simple and rapid detection method for 17β‐estradiol (E2) in complex food matrix is greatly desirable. A magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) sensor for detecting E2 based on the aptamer‐functionalized gold‐coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@Au) nanocomposite was designed in this study. Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (NPs) played as a ‘switch’ between dispersed and aggregated states, while aptamer served as the recognition unit.RESULTSAccording to the sensing effect of monocomponent relaxation time (T2W) for E2, the volume ratio of aptamers to Fe3O4@Au, the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration, the concentration of Fe3O4@Au@Apt, and reaction time were optimized to be 4:1, 0.03 mol L–1, 4 μmol L–1 and 15 min, respectively. For the analysis of food sample, the E2 was quantified over a concentration range of 1 to 100 nmol L–1 with a detection limit of 7.6 nmol L–1 for milk samples, while a linearity range of 20 to 100 nmol L–1 and a detection limit of 8.57 nmol L–1 for egg samples.CONCLUSIONThese results exhibited that the MRS sensor could be a promising platform for the rapid detecting of E2 in food sample. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of country‐specific Globorisk score to estimate next 10 years risk of cardiovascular diseases and its associated predictors among postmenopausal rural women of Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study in a primary care setting
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Banik Palash Chandra , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Faruque Mithila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionRisk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among postmenopausal Bangladeshi women has not yet been evaluated using a country‐specific tool. Hence, we prompted to estimate the risk and identify the predictors that were not typically included in any CVD risk assessment tool.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a web version of country‐specific lab‐based Globorisk calculator to estimate the risk of CVD among 265 postmenopausal women who visited a primary healthcare centre in a rural area of Bangladesh. The centre was selected purposively and the participants were recruited using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a modified STEP‐wise approach to surveillance of non‐communicable disease risk factors questionnaire of the World Health Organization. The risk levels were presented using descriptive statistics and the associated predictors were identified using adjusted multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOverall, 56.7% of the subjects were identified as ‘at risk’ of future CVD events. After adjusting the confounders, CVD risk factors including age of onset of menopause (β = 0.441, p < 0.001), duration of menopause (β = 0.603, p < 0.001), smokeless tobacco use (β = –1.047, p = 0.003), added salt intake (β = 1.081, p = 0.002), waist–hip ratio (β = 0.094, p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.145, p = 0.001) were identified as significant predictors of CVD risk.ConclusionThis finding suggests screening program among postmenopausal women for early detection of CVD risk and efforts to control the associated predictors.
Machine Learning Methods to Predict the Terrestrial and Marine Origin of Natural Products
Authors: Pereira Florbela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years there has been a growing interest in studying the differences between the chemical and biological space represented by natural products (NPs) of terrestrial and marine origin. In order to learn more about these two chemical spaces, marine natural products (MNPs) and terrestrial natural products (TNPs), a machine learning (ML) approach was developed in the current work to predict three classes, MNPs, TNPs and a third class of NPs that appear in both the terrestrial and marine environments. In total 22,398 NPs were retrieved from the Reaxys® database, from those 10,790 molecules are recorded as MNPs, 10,857 as TNPs, and 761 NPs appear registered as both MNPs and TNPs. Several ML algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and deep learning Multilayer Perceptron networks have been benchmarked. The best performance was achieved with a consensus classification model, which predicted the external test set with an overall predictive accuracy up to 81 %. As far as we know this approach has never been intended and therefore allow to be used to better understand the chemical space defined by MNPs, TNPs or both, but also in virtual screening to define the applicability domain of QSAR models of MNPs and TNPs.
Validation of temperature‐controlled rheo‐MRI measurements in a submillimeter‐gap Couette geometry
Authors: Milc Klaudia W. , Serial Maria R. , Philippi John , Dijksman Joshua A. , van Duynhoven John P. M. , Terenzi Camilla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA temperature‐controlled submillimeter‐gap (500 μm) rheo‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Couette cell has been developed to measure confined flow of soft structured materials under controlled temperature. The proposed setup enables performing rheo‐MRI measurements using (i) a spatially uniform temperature control over the range 15°C to 40°C and (ii) a high spatial resolution up to 10 μm, as a consequence of the improved mechanical stability of the in‐house developed rotating elements. Here, we demonstrate the performance of the cell for the rheo‐MRI velocimetry study of a thixotropic fat crystal dispersion, a complex fluid commonly used in food manufacturing. The submillimeter‐gap geometry and variable temperature capability of the cell enable observing the effects of shear‐ and temperature‐induced fat recrystallization on both wall slip and shear banding under strongly confined flow. Our improved rheo‐MRI setup opens new perspectives for the fundamental study of strongly confined flow, cooperative effects, and the underlying interparticle interactions and for ultimately aiding optimization of products involved in spreading/extrusion, such as cosmetics and foods.
Overview of Study Designs: A Deep Dive Into Research Quality Assessment
Authors: McKeever Liam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLife presents a web of interconnected causes and effects, transforming the simple art of observation into a deceptively complex affair. Study designs were created to address this complexity, though no study design is ideal. The current paper reviews the major study designs, providing tips to research‐consuming clinicians for spotting lapses in validity through the introduction of confounding, selection, and information biases. This article touches on randomized control trials, post hoc analyses, randomized crossover trials, quasi‐experimental trials, cohort studies, case‐control studies, cross‐sectional studies, case series, case reports, and expert opinion. The purpose of this review is to move the reader beyond the tidy realm of simple rules and bias forms into the nuanced mire that is research quality assessment.
Thiotepa–melphalan myeloablative therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Yamazaki Fumito , Yamasaki Kai , Kiyotani Chikako , Hashii Yoshiko , Shioda Yoko , Hara Junichi , Matsumoto Kimikazu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) for high‐risk neuroblastoma has not yet been established. In Japan, a unique HDC regimen that comprises two cycles of a total of 800 mg/m2 of thiotepa and a total of 280 mg/m2 of melphalan is widely utilized.MethodsTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of this thiotepa–melphalan high‐dose therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma, we reviewed the medical records of 41 patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma who underwent this regimen followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell rescue between 2002 and 2012. MYCN‐amplified high‐risk neuroblastomas were observed in 23 patients. All patients underwent intensive multidrug induction chemotherapy, but none underwent anti‐GD2 antibody immunotherapy. The primary tumor was resected at the adequate time point.ResultsThe median follow‐up duration for living patients was 9.2 years (range 5.5–14.0 years). The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival from treatment initiation were 41.5 ± 7.7% and 56.1 ± 7.8%, respectively. The 5‐year EFS of MYCN‐amplified high‐risk neuroblastoma patients was 60.9 ± 10.2%, which was significantly superior compared with those with MYCN‐nonamplified high‐risk neuroblastoma (16.7 ± 8.8%; p < .001). MYCN amplification was the most favorable prognostic factor for EFS (hazard ratio = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.12–0.66). Of the 41 patients, three died because of regimen‐related toxicity (infection, n = 2; microangiopathy, n = 1).ConclusionThe thiotepa–melphalan high‐dose therapy with thiotepa and melphalan may be effective for high‐risk neuroblastoma. However, this regimen is toxic and warrants special attention in clinical practice.
Tumor surveillance for children and adolescents with cancer predisposition syndromes: The psychosocial impact reported by adolescents and caregivers
Authors: van Engelen Kalene , Barrera Maru , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Armel Susan Randall , Chitayat David , Druker Harriet , Gallinger Bailey , Malkin David , Villani Anita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeIndividuals with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are often followed in cancer screening programs, which aim to detect early stage tumors. While cancer surveillance has the potential to improve patient outcomes, its psychosocial impact is uncharacterized in the pediatric population. We examined the cancer surveillance experience from the perspectives of adolescents and parents of children at risk of developing cancer.Patients and methodsUsing grounded theory and thematic analysis qualitative methodology, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with parents and adolescents, separately. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded separately to derive overlapping and unique themes.ResultsWe completed 20 semi‐structured interviews (11 parents and nine adolescents). Positive experiences were related to feelings of reassurance and taking a proactive approach. Both adolescents and parents experienced worry, related to practical aspects of screening, and related to the reminder of cancer risk that manifests with surveillance appointments. This worry was cyclical, associated with appointments, and generally waned over time. Participants felt that the benefits of surveillance outweighed perceived challenges. Open communication with health care providers, and equipping parents/adolescents with vocabulary to discuss their diagnosis and care with others, were felt to be important for mitigating worries associated with cancer risk and surveillance.ConclusionParents and adolescents experience worry associated with surveillance for CPS, which may warrant regular psychosocial support, particularly during the first year following CPS diagnosis. Enhancing communication with the health care team and among and beyond immediate family members represents an additional important strategy to mitigate adverse experiences and perceptions.