bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pectin oligosaccharide on quality control of quick‐frozen pumpkin puree
Authors: Li Wenhui , Wang Hantao , Yang DanLu , Liu Jianhua , Wu Jinhong , Ge Yu 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn this work, pectin oligosaccharide (POS) was prepared by an enzymatic method and was used to protect pumpkin puree during frozen storage. The changes in structure and properties of the pumpkin puree during frozen storage were investigated. The results showed that the addition of POS can minimise changes in syneresis rate, total soluble solids, particle size and zeta potential of pumpkin puree during frozen storage. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) showed that the addition of POS significantly decreased the cavities produced by sublimation of ice crystals and enhanced the continuity of the internal structure of pumpkin puree. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) results showed that the macromolecules in the quick‐frozen pumpkin puree tended to be uniformly distributed during frozen storage with POS added compared with the control sample. In addition, texture was well protected, which allowed the pumpkin puree to maintain a good taste. POS was shown to serve as an antifreeze agent to protect the internal structure of the pumpkin puree during freezing. The optimum concentration to achieve the best anti‐freeze effect was 2% POS, which is similar with that of 2% trehalose.
Labour market segmentation in Southern Africa and its impact on vulnerable workers
Authors: FOURIE Elmarie , VAN STADEN Marius 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article considers how the regulative functions of labour law have been developed within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and seeks to identify instances of legal segmentation. The authors provide an overview of the demographic nature of the informal economies in SADC Member States, drawing the conclusion that the labour law mechanisms employed in the region substantially contribute to the legal segmentation of the regional economies. This has occurred despite the constitutionalization of labour law in the SADC region.
Efficacy and safety of oral nalbuphine extended release in prurigo nodularis: results of a phase 2 randomized controlled trial with an open‐label extension phase
Authors: Weisshaar E. , Szepietowski J.C. , Bernhard J.D. , Hait H. , Legat F.J. , Nattkemper L. , Reich A. , Sadoghi B. , Sciascia T.R. , Zeidler C. , Yosipovitch G. , Ständer S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of prurigo nodularis (PN) is challenging and new treatment options are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of two oral doses of the kappa opioid agonist and mu opioid antagonist nalbuphine extended release (NAL‐ER) tablets in a phase 2, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial with an open‐label, 50‐week extension phase.MethodsSubjects with moderate‐to‐severe PN were randomized to NAL‐ER 81 mg (NAL‐ER81) or 162 mg (NAL‐ER162) tablets twice‐daily or placebo for 8 weeks of stable dosing following a 2‐week titration period. Subjects completing Week 10 with a Worst Itch Numerical Rating Scale (WI‐NRS) score ≥5 at the time of rollover (or during the observation period) were eligible for open‐label treatment.ResultsOf 63 randomized subjects, 62 were treated and comprised the modified intent‐to‐treat population (MITT), 50 completed 10 weeks of treatment. In the MITT analysis, 8 subjects (44.4%) treated with NAL‐ER162 (P = 0.32) and 6 (27.3%) treated with NAL‐ER81 (P = 0.78) achieved ≥30% reduction from baseline in 7‐day WI‐NRS at Week 10 (primary efficacy endpoint) vs. 8 (36.4%) in the placebo group. Itch reduction was significant among 8/12 (66.7%) subjects completing Week 10 treated with NAL‐ER162 vs. placebo (8/20, 40.0%; P = 0.03). Additionally, 6 subjects (33.3%) treated with NAL‐ER162 and 3 (13.6%) treated with NAL‐ER81 achieved ≥50% reduction from baseline in 7‐day WI‐NRS at Week 10 (coprimary endpoint). Extended open‐label treatment was associated with further improvements in itch reduction and favourable changes in PN lesion activity as assessed by Prurigo Activity Score. Adverse events occurred predominantly during dose titration and were of mild‐to‐moderate severity. The safety profile did not change with extended open‐label treatment.ConclusionIn adult subjects with PN, oral treatment with NAL‐ER 162 mg twice daily provided measurable anti‐pruritic efficacy in subjects completing ≥10 weeks of treatment and was well tolerated (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02174419).
A time‐saving method of creating AVF buttonholes: indwelling trocar technique
Authors: Yin Jinmei , Tian Zhiwu , Li Peiqiu , Li Huiwen , Dong Yi , Yang Xiaoyue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the convenience and practicality of the method of establishing buttonholes with indwelling trocars.BackgroundCompared with rope‐ladder technique, buttonhole cannulation has better applicability for haemodialysis patients, and the method of buttonhole establishment is particularly important.DesignProspective, observational and cohort study.MethodsWe conducted a 12‐month observational study on 30 patients who used sharp needles to establish buttonholes and 33 patients who used indwelling trocars to establish buttonholes, and compared the differences between the two groups in the buttonhole formation time, patient‐reported cannulation pain, buttonhole success rate, AVF‐related infection and patency of AVF. The study adhered to STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe buttonhole formation time of the indwelling trocar group is less than that of the sharp needle group (5.48 ± 0.51 vs. 23.23 ± 3.07, p < .01). When the buttonhole was used for the first time, the cannulation pain of the indwelling trocar group was less than that of the sharp needle group (4.94 ± 1.50 vs. 6.03 ± 1.13, p = .002), but there was no significant difference in this result after 1 month (sharp needle group with 4.50 ± 0.94 vs. indwelling trocar group with 4.12 ± 1.19, p = .169). Compared with all the buttonholes in the indwelling trocar group were established successfully, there were 5 unsuccessful buttonholes in the sharp needle group (p = .02). Three cases of unsuccessful buttonhole patients in the sharp needle group developed AVF‐related infection, this result did not appear in the indwelling trocar group (p = .102). The difference in arterial pressure and venous pressure between the two groups was not significant (p = .061, p = .222).ConclusionsOur new method can help buttonhole patients get less track formation time, less cannulation pain, and less fistula infection, thereby bringing them a more comfortable dialysis experience.Relevance to clinical practiceThe new method used in this study not only meets the needs of patients to protect AVF, but also provides convenience for clinical work. In addition, this study analyzed the causes of the AVF infection in buttonhole patients, and provided directions for future research.
Scabies in a 14‐year‐old girl with superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis
Authors: Vázquez‐Osorio Igor , Moreiras‐Arias Noelia , Pérez‐Feal Patricia , Sainz‐Gaspar Laura , Ortiz‐Cabrera Nelmar Valentina , Hernández‐Martín Angela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl who reported generalized scaling and hyperkeratosis since age 1 year presented with severe pruritus of several months’ duration. Scabies mites were detected, and molecular genetic analysis subsequently revealed a rare pathogenic variant in the keratin 2 (KRT2) gene, confirming a diagnosis of superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis. Treatment with oral ivermectin led to complete remission of symptoms. Disorders of keratinization can mimic clinical signs of scabies, leading to a delay in diagnosis.
Market Concentration and Natural Resource Development in Rural America
Authors: Mueller J. Tom , Shircliff Jesse E. , Steinbaum Marshall 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural resource development, both extractive (oil, gas, mining, and timber) and non‐extractive (tourism, real estate, outdoor recreation), has been found to negatively impact economic prosperity in rural America. One mechanism recently proposed for why this occurs is high levels of labor market concentration, or oligopsony. Oligopsony occurs when there are few employers within a labor market and can lead to suppressed wages and a power imbalance between employers and workers. In this paper, we test the moderating effect of labor market concentration on the relationship between natural resource development and per capita income and poverty in rural America from 2010 to 2016. By comparing results between extractive and non‐extractive development, as well as manufacturing, we show that labor market concentration attenuates the beneficial relationship observed at low levels of specialization in natural resources—particularly for extractive forms of development. Further, by finding no significant relationship between manufacturing specialization and economic prosperity, nor any moderating effect of labor market concentration in the case of manufacturing, we demonstrate that natural resource development and labor market concentration have a unique relationship with rural American economic prosperity.
Visual arts and drawings to communicate and explore authentic life situations, a data collection method in caring science – a hermeneutic perspective
Authors: Bergbom Ingegerd , Lepp Margret 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis methodological article aims to describe three methodological strategies for using drawings as a part of qualitative data collection methods in caring research based on hermeneutics. In some research interview situations, participants may have difficulties to express their experiences and feelings in words. The consequences may be that the descriptions in research reports will become superficial and not authentic, meaning, "telling it as it is". Drawn pictures may facilitate and support reflection related to the deepening of experiences and thoughts, and communicate and express more than words can do. It may also reveal thoughts and feelings the person drawing the picture was not aware of. Three methodological strategies are described: (1) Drawing a picture as an introduction or starting point for an interview, (2) During an ongoing interview, encouraging the participant to draw a picture when further explanation or description is needed for deepening the communication and (3) Drawing something in a pre‐existing picture. The theoretical foundation of Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy is discussed in relation to what a drawing is representing and presents. The interpretation of the drawn picture depends primarily on the creator of the picture, but at the same time the interpretation and understanding is a movement between the interviewer's and the participant's horizons, and thus is open for preunderstanding and new understanding. In contrast to an ordinary interview between two parties, an interview involving a drawing adds something specific to the conversation as it becomes a “trialogue” and not only a dialog. The drawn picture stands on its own. Using the participant's drawing can, therefore, be understood as an ongoing process with three parties involved: (1) the participant, (2) the researcher and (3) the drawing.
‘We are the ones who know the intimacies of the soil’: Grazier claims to belonging and changing land relations in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
Authors: Reardon‐Smith Mardi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcross Cape York Peninsula, the cattle grazing industry has declined in recent decades due to falling cattle prices, shorter wet seasons and land tenure changes. Remaining graziers perceive their status in the region as increasingly marginal and explain this precarity with the ‘locking up’ of Cape York land regimes and environments by National Parks and Aboriginal interests. Based on 14 months of ethnographic research in south‐east Cape York conducted in 2018–2019, in this article I describe and analyse how graziers construct their claims to belonging in the region in response to land tenure changes. Drawing on recent scholarship on non‐Indigenous forms of belonging in settler states and using the case study of one particular grazing family, I discuss how graziers position themselves as those who ‘know the intimacies of the soil’, as one grazier stated, due to multigenerational work on the land. Their claim to belonging tends to ignore prior Aboriginal occupation and instead emphasises their long‐term relationships with local Aboriginal families, while the third main stakeholder in the region, Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, is perceived as a kind of dispossessor representing non‐local ‘Green’ ideologies and interests.
Elucidating the role of SWEET13 in phloem loading of the C4 grass Setaria viridis
Authors: Chen Lily , Ganguly Diep R. , Shafik Sarah H. , Ermakova Maria , Pogson Barry J. , Grof Christopher P. L. , Sharwood Robert E. , Furbank Robert T. 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYPhotosynthetic efficiency and sink demand are tightly correlated with rates of phloem loading, where maintaining low cytosolic sugar concentrations is paramount to prevent the downregulation of photosynthesis. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are thought to have a pivotal role in the apoplastic phloem loading of C4 grasses. SWEETs have not been well studied in C4 species, and their investigation is complicated by photosynthesis taking place across two cell types and, therefore, photoassimilate export can occur from either one. SWEET13 homologues in C4 grasses have been proposed to facilitate apoplastic phloem loading. Here, we provide evidence for this hypothesis using the C4 grass Setaria viridis. Expression analyses on the leaf gradient of C4 species Setaria and Sorghum bicolor show abundant transcript levels for SWEET13 homologues. Carbohydrate profiling along the Setaria leaf shows total sugar content to be significantly higher in the mature leaf tip compared with the younger tissue at the base. We present the first known immunolocalization results for SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b using novel isoform‐specific antisera. These results show localization to the bundle sheath and phloem parenchyma cells of both minor and major veins. We further present the first transport kinetics study of C4 monocot SWEETs by using a Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. We demonstrate that SvSWEET13a and SvSWEET13b are high‐capacity transporters of glucose and sucrose, with a higher apparent Vmax for sucrose, compared with glucose, typical of clade III SWEETs. Collectively, these results provide evidence for an apoplastic phloem loading pathway in Setaria and possibly other C4 species.
An Approach to Variation Simulation of Final Aircraft Assembly With Presence of Sealant
Authors: Eliseev Artem , Lupuleac Sergey , Grigor’ev Boris , Shinder Julia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the process of aeronautical structure assembly in the presence of a sealant between the parts to be joined. An attempt to estimate the influence of sealant on assembly quality in terms of variation analysis is presented. The sealant is considered a highly viscous liquid that is applied to the surfaces of the assembled parts before the start of the final assembly. The modeling approach is based on the simulation of two-way coupled fluid–structure interaction between fluid sealant and compliant structural parts. Reynolds lubrication approximation is used in the fluid dynamics problem and variational formulation of contact problem combined with static condensation is used in the structural one. The joining of two aircraft panels is used as a numerical test for demonstration of the developed approach. Various phenomena connected with the presence of sealant are demonstrated. In particular, the difference in the fastener loosening due to sealant flow between different types of fasteners is investigated. Results of variation simulation show that the presence of sealant should be considered among determining factors in the analysis of assembly quality.
Measurement Configuration Optimization and Kinematic Calibration of a Parallel Robot
Authors: Huang Chenhui , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Meng Qizhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the kinematic calibration of a four-degrees-of-freedom (4DOF) high-speed parallel robot. In order to improve the calibration effect by decreasing the influence of the unobservable disturbance variables introduced by error measurement, a measurement configuration optimization method is proposed. Configurations are iteratively selected inside the workspace by a searching algorithm, then the selection results are evaluated through an index associated with the condition number of the identification Jacobian matrix; finally, the number of optimized configurations is determined. Since the selection algorithm has been shown to be sensitive to local minima, a meta-heuristic method has been applied to decrease this sensibility. To verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and kinematic calibration, computation validations, pose error estimations, and experiments are performed. The results show that the identification accuracy and calibration effect can be significantly improved by using the optimized configurations.
Five-minute Apgar score and outcomes in neonates of 24–28 weeks’ gestation
Authors: Shah Prakesh S , Norman Mikael , Rusconi Franca , Kusuda Satoshi , Reichman Brian , Battin Malcolm , Bassler Dirk , Modi Neena , Hakansson Stellan , Yang Jie , Lee Shoo K , Helenius Kjell , Vento Maximo , Lehtonen Liisa , Adams Mark , Isayama Tetsuya , Lui Kei , Gagliardi Luigi 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo assess associations between 5 min Apgar score and mortality and severe neurological injury (SNI) and to report test characteristics in preterm neonates.Design, setting and patientsRetrospective cohort study of neonates 240 to 286 weeks’ gestation born between 2007 and 2016 and admitted to neonatal units in 11 high-income countries.Exposure5 min Apgar score.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality and SNI defined as grade 3 or 4 periventricular/intraventricular haemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. Outcome rates were calculated for each Apgar score and compared after adjustment. The diagnostic characteristics and ORs for each value from 0 versus 1–10 to 0–9 versus 10, with 1-point increments were calculated.ResultsAmong 92 412 included neonates, as 5 min Apgar score increased from 0 to 10, mortality decreased from 60% to 8%. However, no clear increasing or decreasing pattern was identified for SNI. There was an increase in sensitivity and decrease in specificity for both mortality and SNI associated with increasing scores. The Apgar score alone had an area under the curve of 0.64 for predicting mortality, which increased to 0.73 with the addition of gestational age.ConclusionsIn neonates of 24–28 weeks’ gestation admitted to neonatal units, higher 5 min Apgar score was associated with lower mortality in a graded manner, while the association with SNI remained relatively constant at all scores. Among survivors, low Apgar scores did not predict SNI.
Undiagnosed diabetes based on HbA1cby socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption in the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
Authors: Ruiz Paz Lopez-Doriga , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Eggen Anne Elise , Njølstad Inger , Grimnes Guri , Stene Lars C , Gulseth Hanne L 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate whether the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes varies by socioeconomic status and healthcare consumption, in a Norwegian population screened with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Research design and methodsIn this cohort study, we studied age-standardized diabetes prevalence using data from men and women aged 40–89 years participating in four surveys of the Tromsø Study with available data on HbA1cand self-reported diabetes: 1994–1995 (n=6720), 2001 (n=5831), 2007–2008 (n=11 987), and 2015–2016 (n=20 170). We defined undiagnosed diabetes as HbA1c≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and no self-reported diabetes. We studied the association of education, income and contact with a general practitioner on undiagnosed diabetes and estimated adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) from multivariable adjusted (age, sex, body mass index) log-binomial regression.ResultsHigher education was associated with lower prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes. Those with secondary and tertiary education had lower prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (aPR for tertiary vs primary: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.66). Undiagnosed as a proportion of all diabetes was also significantly lower in those with tertiary education (aPR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.93). Household income was also negatively associated with prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes. Across the surveys, approximately 80% of those with undiagnosed diabetes had been in contact with a general practitioner the last year, similar to those without diabetes.ConclusionsUndiagnosed diabetes was lower among participants with higher education. The hypothesis that those with undiagnosed diabetes had been less in contact with a general practitioner was not supported.
Information processing by community health nurses using mobile health (mHealth) tools for early identification of suicide and depression risks in Fiji Islands
Authors: Patel Vimla Lodhia , Halpern Mariel , Nagaraj Vijayalakshmi , Chang Odille , Iyengar Sriram , May William 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesHigh rates of depression and suicide and a lack of trained psychiatrists have emerged as significant concerns in the low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). Readily available smartphones were leveraged with community health nurses (CHNs) in task-sharing for early identification of suicide and depression risks in Fiji Islands, the largest of PICs. This investigation examines how CHNs can efficiently and effectively process patient information about depression and suicide risk for making diagnostic and management decisions without compromising safety. The research is driven by the theoretical framework of text comprehension (knowledge representation and interpretation) and decision-making.MethodsMobile health (mHealth) Application for Suicide Risk and Depression Assessment (ASRaDA) was designed to include culturally useful clinical guidelines for these disorders. A representative sample of 48 CHNs was recruited and presented with two clinical cases (depression and suicide) in a simulated setting under three conditions: No support, paper-based and mobile-based culturally valid guideline support. Data were collected as the nurses read through the scenarios, ‘thinking aloud’, before summarising, diagnoses and follow-up recommendations. Transcribed audiotapes were analysed using formal qualitative discourse analysis methods for diagnostic accuracy, comprehension of clinical problems and reasoning patterns.ResultsUsing guidelines on ASRaDA, the CHNs took less time to process patient information with more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for depression and suicide risk than with paper-based or no guideline conditions. A change in reasoning pattern for nurses’ information processing was observed with decision support.DiscussionAlthough these results are shown in a mental health setting in Fiji, there are reasons to believe they are generalisable beyond mental health and other lower-to-middle income countries.ConclusionsCulturally appropriate clinical guidelines on mHealth supports efficient information processing for quick and accurate decisions and a positive shift in reasoning behaviour by the nurses. However, translating complex qualitative patient information into quantitative scores could generate conceptual errors. These results are valid in simulated conditions.