bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Pan-Cancer Patients With Ultrahigh Tumor Mutation Burden
Authors: Yuan Hong , Ji Jun , Shi Min , Shi Yan , Liu Jing , Wu Junwei , Yang Chen , Xi Wenqi , Li Qingyuan , Zhu Wei , Li Jingjie , Gong Xiaoli , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTumor mutation burden has been proven to be a good predictor for the efficacy of immunotherapy, especially in patients with hypermutation. However, most research focused on the analysis of hypermutation in individual tumors, and there is a lack of integrated research on the hypermutation across different cancers. This study aimed to characterize hypermutated patients to distinguish between these patients and non-hypermutated patients.MethodsA total of 5,980 tumor samples involving 23 types of solid tumors from the in-house database were included in the study. Based on the cutoff value of tumor mutation burden (TMB), all samples were divided into hypermutated or non-hypermutated groups. Microsatellite instability status, PD-L1 expression and other mutation-related indicators were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 5,980 tumor samples, 1,164 were selected as samples with hypermutation. Compared with the non-hypermutated group, a significant increase in the mutation rates of DNA mismatch repair genes and polymerase genes was detected in the hypermutated group, and there was an overlap between high TMB and high microsatellite instability or high PD-L1. In addition, we found that EGFR, KRAS and PIK3CA had a high frequency of both single nucleotide variation and copy number variation mutations. These identified mutant genes were enriched in the oncogenic signaling pathway and the DNA damage repair pathway. At the same time, the somatic cell characteristics and distribution of the two groups were significantly different.ConclusionsThis study identified genetic and phenotypic characteristics of hypermutated tumors and demonstrated that DNA damage repair is critically involved in hypermutation.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Children With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Yang Sai , Yang Liming , Liao Hongmei , Chen Mei , Feng Mei , Liu Shulei , Tan Lihong 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric patients. The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children in South China.Methods: This was a retrospective study of children diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis between 01/2014 and 12/2017 at Hunan Children's Hospital. Laboratory, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography data were collected. The short-term (6-month) outcomes were assessed using the Liverpool score by the same pediatric neurologist. The children were divided into good (scores 4–5) and poor (score &lt;3) clinical outcomes.Results: Among the 51 patients, 21 (41.2%) were male. The most common clinical symptoms were dyskinesia (88.2%), personality change (84.3%), seizure (82.4%), and cognitive disorder (31.4%). Two were transferred to another hospital, 45 (91.8%) received intravenous immunoglobulins, 41 (83.7%) received methylprednisolone, and 8 (16.3%) received plasma exchange. Eight (16.3%) received rituximab for second-line treatment, six after intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone treatment, and two after plasma exchange therapy failed. Seven were lost to follow-up. The short-term outcome was good in 23 patients. Cognitive disorder [odds ratio (OR): 23.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–513.30, P = 0.042) and abnormal brain MRI (OR: 14.29, 95% CI: 1.36–150.10, P = 0.027] were independently associated with a poor short-term outcome after adjustment for age, GCS, and rituximab use.Conclusions: MRI abnormalities and cognitive disorders are independently associated with poor short-term outcomes in children with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The use of rituximab is not associated with the 6-month outcomes.
Robust Performance of Potentially Functional SNPs in Machine Learning Models for the Prediction of Atorvastatin-Induced Myalgia
Authors: Ooi Brandon N. S. , Raechell  , Ying Ariel F. , Koh Yong Zher , Jin Yu , Yee Sherman W. L. , Lee Justin H. S. , Chong Samuel S. , Tan Jack W. C. , Liu Jianjun , Lee Caroline G. , Drum Chester L. 
Published: April 2021

Background:Statins can cause muscle symptoms resulting in poor adherence to therapy and increased cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that combinations of potentially functional SNPs (pfSNPs), rather than individual SNPs, better predict myalgia in patients on atorvastatin. This study assesses the value of potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (pfSNPs) and employs six machine learning algorithms to identify the combination of SNPs that best predict myalgia.Methods: Whole genome sequencing of 183 Chinese, Malay and Indian patients from Singapore was conducted to identify genetic variants associated with atorvastatin induced myalgia. To adjust for confounding factors, demographic and clinical characteristics were also examined for their association with myalgia. The top factor, sex, was then used as a covariate in the whole genome association analyses. Variants that were highly associated with myalgia from this and previous studies were extracted, assessed for potential functionality (pfSNPs) and incorporated into six machine learning models. Predictive performance of a combination of different models and inputs were compared using the average cross validation area under ROC curve (AUC). The minimum combination of SNPs to achieve maximum sensitivity and specificity as determined by AUC, that predict atorvastatin-induced myalgia in most, if not all the six machine learning models was determined.Results: Through whole genome association analyses using sex as a covariate, a larger proportion of pfSNPs compared to non-pf SNPs were found to be highly associated with myalgia. Although none of the individual SNPs achieved genome wide significance in univariate analyses, machine learning models identified a combination of 15 SNPs that predict myalgia with good predictive performance (AUC &gt;0.9). SNPs within genes identified in this study significantly outperformed SNPs within genes previously reported to be associated with myalgia. pfSNPs were found to be more robust in predicting myalgia, outperforming non-pf SNPs in the majority of machine learning models tested.Conclusion: Combinations of pfSNPs that were consistently identified by different machine learning models to have high predictive performance have good potential to be clinically useful for predicting atorvastatin-induced myalgia once validated against an independent cohort of patients.
High Dose Intravenous Vitamin C for Preventing The Disease Aggravation of Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Retrospective Propensity Matched Before-After Study
Authors: Zhao Bing , Liu Min , Liu Ping , Peng Yibing , Huang Jun , Li Mengjiao , Wang Yihui , Xu LiLi , Sun Silei , Qi Xing , Ling Yun , Li Jian , Zhang Wenhong , Mao Enqiang , Qu Jieming 
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing to impact multiple countries worldwide and effective treatment options are still being developed. In this study, we investigate the potential of high-dose intravenous vitamin C (HDIVC) in the prevention of moderate COVID-19 disease aggravation.Methods: In this retrospective before-after case-matched clinical study, we compare the outcome and clinical courses of patients with moderate COVID-19 patients who were treated with an HDIVC protocol (intravenous injection of vitamin C, 100 mg/kg/day, 1 g/h, for 7 days from admission) during a one-month period (between March 18 and april 18, 2020, HDIVC group) with a control group treated without the HDIVC protocol during the preceding two months (January 18 to March 18, 2020). Patients in the two groups were matched in a 1:1 ratio according to age and gender.Results: The HDIVC and control groups each comprised 55 patients. For the primary outcomes, there was a significant difference in the number of patients that evolved from moderate to severe type between the two groups (HDIVC: 4/55 vs. control: 12/55, relative risk [RR] = 0.28 [0.08, 0.93], P = 0.03). Compared to the control group, there was a shorter duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (P = 0.0004) during the first week and lower SIRS occurrence (2/21 vs 10/22, P = 0.0086) on Day 7 (6–7 days after admission). In addition, HDIVC group had lower C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.005) and higher number of CD4+ T cells from Day 0 (on admission) to Day 7 (P = 0.04).” The levels of coagulation indicators, including activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimer were also improved in the HDIVC compared to the control group on Day 7.Conclusion: HDIVC may be beneficial in limiting disease aggravation in the early stage of COVID-19 pneumonia, which may be related to its improvements on the inflammatory response, immune function and coagulation function. Further randomized controlled trials are required to augment these findings.
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Inhibits Atrial Electrical Remodeling in a Tachypaced Ex Vivo Rat Model
Authors: Lee Danielle I. , Murninkas Michael , Elyagon Sigal , Etzion Yoram , Anderson Hope D. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to rate-dependent atrial changes collectively defined as atrial remodelling (AR). Shortening of the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and decreased conduction velocity are among the hallmarks of AR. Pharmacological strategies to inhibit AR, thereby reducing the self-perpetual nature of AF, are of great clinical value. Cannabinoid receptor (CBR) ligands may exert cardioprotective effects; CB13, a dual CBR agonist with limited brain penetration, protects cardiomyocytes from mitochondrial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1. Here, we examined the effects of CB13 on normal physiology of the rat heart and development of tachypacing-induced AR.Methods: Rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff set-up with CB13 (1 µM) or vehicle. Hemodynamic properties of non-paced hearts were examined conventionally. In a different set of hearts, programmed stimulation protocol was performed before and after atrial tachypacing for 90 min using a mini-hook platinum quadrupole electrode inserted on the right atrium. Atrial samples were further assessed by western blot analysis.Results: CB13 had no effects on basal hemodynamic properties. However, the compound inhibited tachypacing-induced shortening of the AERP. Protein expression of PGC1α was significantly increased by CB13 compared to vehicle in paced and non-paced hearts. Phosphorylation of AMPKα at residue threonine 172 was increased suggesting upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Connexin43 was downregulated by tachypacing. This effect was diminished in the presence of CB13.Conclusion: Our findings support the notion that peripheral activation of CBR may be a new treatment strategy to prevent AR in patients suffering from AF, and therefore warrants further study.
Vertically Integrated System with Microfabricated 3D Sensors and CO2 Microchannel Cooling
Authors: Da Via Cinzia , Petagna Paolo , Romagnoli Giulia , Hellenschmidt Desiree , Munoz-Sanchez Francisca , Dann Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

The growing demand for miniaturized radiation-tolerant detection systems with fast responses and high-power budgets has increased the necessity for smart and efficient cooling solutions. Several groups have been successfully implementing silicon microfabrication to process superficial microchannels to circulate coolants, in particular, in high-energy physics experiments, where the combination of low material budget to reduce noise generated by multiple scattering events and high radiation fluences is required. In this study, we report tests performed on an 885-µm–thick vertically integrated system. The system consists of a layer of microfabricated silicon channels for temperature management integrated to radiation-tolerant microfabricated 3D sensors, with electrodes penetrating perpendicularly to the silicon bulk, bump-bonded to an ATLAS FE-I4 pixel readout chip of 100 µm thickness, 2 × 2 cm2, and 26,880 pixels (each measuring 250 × 50 μm2). The system’s electrical and temperature characterization under CO2 cooling as well as the response to minimum ionizing particles from radioactive sources and particle beams before and after 2.8 ×1015 neq cm−2 proton irradiation will be discussed.
Factors Associated With Post-traumatic Growth Among Healthcare Workers Who Experienced the Outbreak of MERS Virus in South Korea: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Hyun Hye Sun , Kim Mi Ja , Lee Jin Hyung 
Published: April 2021

Background: Infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 and MERS pose a major threat to healthcare workers' (HCWs) physical and mental health. Studies exploring the positive changes gained from adapting to traumatic events, known as post-traumatic growth (PTG), have attracted much attention. However, it is unclear which factors or experiences lead to PTG among HCWs. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to investigate factors associated with PTG among HCWs who experienced the MERS outbreak in South Korea, and fully describe their experience of developing PTG.Methods: Quantitative data from 78 participants were collected using psychometric tools for Psychological distress, Resilience, and Support for coping, and Post-traumatic growth. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven nurses. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method according to the sub-themes of resilience, which was the main factor associated with PTG.Results: We found resilience to have a significant impact on PTG (ß =0.486, p = 0.001). Thus the qualitative interviews were analyzed using the core concepts of resilience. Qualitative interviews with nurses illustrated how participants experienced the development of resilience in terms of its sub-factors: hardiness, persistence, optimism, and support.Conclusion: HCWs who endured the MERS outbreak showed high levels of PTG, and the analysis of the interview data provided a fuller understanding on the experience of remaining resilient and developing PTG. These results provide practical and pragmatic information helpful for developing intervention strategies and protocols that can help HCWs transform adversity into growth and development.
Media Exposure Related to the PTSS During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Jiang Ling , Ma Shuang , Chen Qinian , Liu Chengbin , Ahmed Farooq , Shahid Muhammad , Wang Xiaohua , Guo Jing 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:The objectives of this study are to assess the relationship between media exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and to highlight the underlying mechanisms mediated by risk perception.Methods:This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. A total of 2,858 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess media exposure, PTSS, and risk perception.Results:The prevalence of respondents with heightened PTSS scores was 22.2%. After controlling for covariates, media exposure (more than five times a day) was significantly and positively associated with a high level of PTSS (B= 4.11,p&lt; 0.001), and risk perception (worry and severity) significantly mediated the relationship between media exposure and PTSS (all 95% CIs did not include 0).Conclusions:Based on these findings, the frequency of media exposure was associated with PTSS. Risk perception (worry and severity) mediated the relationship between media exposure and PTSS. The mental health, particularly PTSS, of the general population should be closely monitored and “infodemics” should be combatted while addressing the COVID-19 outbreak; cognitive interventions may be promising.
ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents
Authors: Paschke Kerstin , Austermann Maria Isabella , Thomasius Rainer 
Published: April 2021

Background: A problematic social media use (PSMU) in adolescents is a rising phenomenon often associated with higher perception of psychological stress and comorbid psychiatric disorders like depression. Since the ICD-11 introduced the very first internet-use related disorders, criteria for gaming (and online gambling) disorder can now be transferred to assess social media use disorder (SMUD). Therefore, the development and validation of a self-rating screening instrument for SMUD is of value to researchers and clinicians.Method: The previously validated ICD-11-based Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) was adapted to measure SMUD (Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents, SOMEDIS-A). A representative sample of 931 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years and a respective parent participated in an online study. Item structure was evaluated by factorial analyses. Validated DSM-5-based instruments to assess PSMU by self- and parental ratings (SMDS, SMDS-P), adolescent depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and stress perception (PSS-10) as well as single items on time spent with social media (SM, frequency and duration) were applied to assess criterion validity. Discrimination between pathological and non-pathological users was examined based on ROC analyses retrieved cut-off values and the results of a latent profile analysis.Results: The new scale is best described by two factors reflecting cognitive-behavioral symptoms and associated negative consequences. The internal consistency was good to excellent. The SOMEDIS-A-sum score was positively correlated with PSMU, depression, and stress scores as well as the time spent with SM in a moderately to highly significant manner. Thus, good to excellent criterion validity is suggested.Conclusions: SOMEDIS-A is the first successfully validated instrument to assess SMUD in adolescents based on the ICD-11 criteria of GD. Thus, it can support early detection in order to prevent symptom aggravation, chronification, and secondary comorbidities. It can contribute to the development of a standardized conceptualization and its two-factorial structure offers promising new insights into the evaluation of SM usage patterns. Further examination including clinical validation is desirable.
Islam and World History
Authors: Schubel Vernon James 
Published: April 2021

In Islam and World History: The Ventures of Marshall Hodgson, editors Edmund Burke III and Robert J. Mankin have provided a valuable service to the scholarly community by bringing together a series of insightful essays that place the creation of Hodgson’s posthumous masterwork, The Venture of Islam, into a broader historical and intellectual context. Perhaps most importantly, this slim but comprehensive volume adds greatly to our understanding of Marshall Hodgson himself, a historian who famously argued for the importance of recognizing the scholarly pre-commitments of academics, by providing a remarkable biographical context in which to consider the deeper implications of his work.
To download full review, click on PDF.
The effects of proton radiation on aluminum oxide/zirconium-doped hafnium oxide stacked ferroelectric tunneling junctions
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Bi Jinshun , Xu Yannan , Xi Kai , Ji Lanlong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of proton radiation on TiN/Zr-doped-HfO2(HZO)/Al2O3/P+-Ge ferroelectric tunneling junctions are investigated in the present work. The electrical characteristics are measured before and after different proton fluences. The remanent polarization exhibits negligible change, which demonstrates the proton radiation immunity of the ferroelectric material HZO. However, the capacitance, leakage current, endurance, and read current characteristics show obviously changed with the increase of proton fluence. The main reason for this is that proton radiation causes positive fixed charges to form in the Al2O3 layer, interface charges to form in Al2O3/Ge and the effective carrier concentration to reduce in the Ge substrate.
The effect of virtual reality glasses on anxiety during surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Turan Ayse Zeynep , Yilmaz Mehmet , Saracoglu Tolga 
Published: April 2021

Background & objectives: Surgery–related anxiety can be observed due to several factors in patients undergoing surgery. With developing technology virtual reality (VR) glasses have begun to be used to reduce anxiety in the preoperative period. We aimed to investigate the effect of using VR glasses on operation anxiety and sedation requirement in patients during operation under spinal anesthesia.
Methodology: We enrolled 97 patients between 18–75 y of age, ASA class I–II, in this study. Participants were randomized into VR glasses group or the standard care group. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Trait Anxiety (STAI–TA) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for State Anxiety (STAI–SA) scores preoperatively and anxiety score on VAS scale during surgery were obtained. Patients watched a movie via VR glasses (BOBO® VR Z4) after spinal anesthesia and the surgical operation was commenced thereafter. In the control group, the surgery was begun without any additional procedure.
Results: Both groups were similar in terms of demographic and hemodynamic data. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of preoperative anxiety levels, STAI–SA and STAI–TA scores. However, the VAS and relative risk (RR) values were significantly lower in the study group in all measurements (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: We believe that the use of VR glasses decreases perioperative anxiety and sedation requirements in patients undergoing a surgical procedure under spinal anesthesia.
Key words: Spinal Anesthesia; Virtual Reality; Anxiety; Sedation
Citation: Turan AZ, Yilmaz M, Saracoglu T. The effect of virtual reality glasses on anxiety during surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Anaesth pain intensive care 2021;25(2):170-175. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1469
Received: 31 January 2021, Reviewed: 22, 25 February 2021, Accepted: 27 February 2021
Outcome of COVID–19 associated severe ARDS: A case series
Authors: Talwar Vanada , Mustafi Saurav Mitra , Choudhury Arin , Jain Shruti , Kumar Ajay 
Published: April 2021

ICU course may be prolonged in patients suffering from Coronavirus associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) due to severity of initial disease and presence of opportunistic infections. A structured approach to management may help reduce morbidity and mortality. Case presentation: We present a series of five cases of CARDS with a prolonged ICU course, despite the resolution of viremia. A multipronged therapeutic approach was adopted in the form of self proning, thrombo–prophylaxis, chest physiotherapy, adequate nutrition, psychotherapy and early mobilization.
We could transfer two patients on domiciliary oxygen therapy and one on room air. Despite aggressive measures to control infection, one patient developed fungal sepsis, and another developed pseudomonal pneumonia. Both the patients rapidly deteriorated and succumbed to secondary infection, despite having shown initial recovery from CARDS. Conclusion: Prevention of infections is the key to recovery after resolution of viremia. This warrants COVID step down facility and structured rehabilitation program.
Key words: COVID–19; ARDS; Sepsis
Citation: Talwar V, Mustafi SM, Choudhury A, Jain S, Kumar A. Outcome of COVID–19 associated severe ARDS: A case series. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):199-202. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1472
Received: 18 January 2021, Reviewed: 13 February 2021, Accepted: 25 February 2021