bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberpunk 2077 langs de nieuwe conformiteitsmaatstaf
Authors: Vos J. 
Published: September 2021

Cyberpunk 2077 langs de nieuwe conformiteitsmaatstaf
Vanaf 1 januari 2022 is de Richtlijn levering digitale inhoud en digitale diensten (‘Richtlijn’) van toepassing op de (meeste) leveringen van digitale inhoud en digitale diensten, waaronder games. De Richtlijn biedt een nieuwe conformiteitsmaatstaf die, aan de hand van de tekst en implementatie van de Richtlijn en de daarop betrekking hebbende literatuur, in het artikel wordt besproken. De ervaringen van recensenten en gebruikers rondom de game Cyberpunk 2077 worden samengevat. De nieuwe conformiteitsmaatstaf wordt vervolgens toegepast op de game Cyberpunk 2077. Cyberpunk 2077 wordt onder de Richtlijn als non-conform beoordeeld wegens gewekte verwachtingen en vergelijking met games van hetzelfde type.
Investigating vulnerability datasets
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo , Santos Vinícius 
Published: September 2021

Insecure software can cause severe damage to user experience and privacy. Therefore, developers should be able to prevent software vulnerabilities. However, detecting such problems is expensive and time consuming. To mitigate this issue, researchers propose vulnerability datasets to make it easier to investigate its properties. In this work, we investigate one dataset to better understand common vulnerabilities, the authors who introduce them to open-source projects, and commit properties. Thus, we use as case study the Big-Vul dataset to help us answering the six research questions we define for this work. Our preliminary results indicate that the most common vulnerabilities occur in the Chromium project. Furthermore, mostly experienced authors are responsible for introducing these vulnerabilities. Last but not least, we conclude that such findings could help developers on detecting vulnerabilities.
Retreatment of Polymer Wastes by Disintegrator Milling
Authors: Kulu Priit , Goljandin Dmitri 
Published: September 2021

Global introduction of waste utilization techniques to the polymer market is currently not fully developed but has enormous potential. Before reintegration of used material into a new product, it normally requires grinding, that is shredding, crushing, or milling. In traditional grinders, the generated stresses in the material to be ground are equal to or less than the strength of the material. If by traditional methods, the stresses generated are compressive + shift, so by milling based on collision are tension + shift. Due to the high stress-material strength ratio at collision, it is possible to crush not only brittle materials but also ductile materials. This process allows easily combining the grinding of composite materials with their separation into individual constituents. In the current study, the mechanical recycling of the following groups of polymer materials was studied: pure brittle and soft polymers (PMMA, HDPE and IER), blends of plastics (ABS+PMMA, PC + ABS), reinforced plastics (PMMA+GFP); elastomers (rubber and tyres), and printed circuit boards (PCB).
Deep Learning Approach for Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wathsala N. Jinadasa M.H. , C. Kahawalage Amila , Halstensen Maths , Skeie Nils-Olav , Jens Klaus-Joachim 
Published: September 2021

Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique for organic and inorganic chemical material identification. Throughout the last century, major improvements in lasers, spectrometers, detectors, and holographic optical components have uplifted Raman spectroscopy as an effective device for a variety of different applications including fundamental chemical and material research, medical diagnostics, bio-science, in-situ process monitoring and planetary investigations. Undoubtedly, mathematical data analysis has been playing a vital role to speed up the migration of Raman spectroscopy to explore different applications. It supports researchers to customize spectral interpretation and overcome the limitations of the physical components in the Raman instrument. However, large, and complex datasets, interferences from instrumentation noise and sample properties which mask the true features of samples still make Raman spectroscopy as a challenging tool. Deep learning is a powerful machine learning strategy to build exploratory and predictive models from large raw datasets and has gained more attention in chemical research over recent years. This chapter demonstrates the application of deep learning techniques for Raman signal-extraction, feature-learning and modelling complex relationships as a support to researchers to overcome the challenges in Raman based chemical analysis.
Photophysical Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Maity Arnab 
Published: September 2021

The chemical reactivity of singlet oxygen (1O2) (SO) derives from its electronically excited state. Being a unique reactive oxygen species SO takes part in many important atmospheric, biological physical, chemical, and therapeutic process and attracted current research interest. To understand the mechanistic pathways in various process the detection and quantification of SO is very important. The direct method of detection is very challenging due to its highly reactive nature. Only direct method of determination of phosphorescence of SO at 1270 nm has been utilised but that also puts some limitation due to very low luminescence quantum yield. Indirect method using UV–Vis spectrophotometric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes has been extensively studied for this purpose. Elucidation of various mechanistic processes improvised the use of sophisticated spectroscopic detection probe for SO have been discussed in a simple and lucid manner in this article through citation of literature examples. Four major spectroscopic methods i.e. spectrophotometry, fluorescence, emission and chemiluminescence are elaborately discussed with special emphasis to chemical probes having high selectivity and sensitivity for SO.
Analysis of the Factors That Influence the Clinical Outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women
Authors: de Sousa Cavalcante Yuri , Castelo Branco Chaves Nicolly , Lucas de Sousa Moreira Jorge , de Sá Barreto Lima Samuel , Martins de Freitas Maryana , Gonçalves Júnior Jucier , Lima Cândido Estelita 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has shown to cause even more severe problems among pregnant women, increasing the incidence of complications before and after childbirth, especially cardiorespiratory problems, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Objectives: To describe the clinical outcome of SARS caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazilian pregnant women and to compare the rates of morbidity and mortality from other causes in this group, stratified by the following variables: gestational age and age group. Methodology: Observational, analytical study based on documents whose data were collected from the 2020 Epidemiological Report No. 40 in the database of the Brazilian Department of Health, from which morbidity and mortality data were extracted to calculate the lethality rate and compare rates using a binomial test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the total number of pregnant women hospitalized for SARS, 4,467 (46.6%) were confirmed for COVID-19 and, of these, 233 died, corresponding to a lethality rate of 5.2%. Morbidity was higher in the third trimester of pregnancy, but the disease was more severe in the second trimester (7%), being worse in women aged 40 years and older (40–49; 8.7% and 50–59; 15.3%). A significant difference was observed in the rate of cases between the COVID-19 SARS group and the group with other causes in all gestational strata and age groups. As for deaths, a significant difference was found in the rates between the first and third trimesters, and in pregnant women aged 10 to 19 years. Conclusion: Considering the variables under analysis, evidence shows that pregnant women at an advanced age and in the second trimester of pregnancy contribute to the lethal outcome of the disease. Other variables associated with the presence of comorbidities and quality of care for pregnant women should be considered in the model in future studies.
Case Report on: Dandy Walker Malformation Syndrome
Authors: Meshram Khushbu , Sakharwade Prerana , Kolhekar Sonali , Kasturkar Pooja , Sakharkar Shital 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dandy Walker Syndrome is a congenital brain malformation that affects the cerebellum and the fluid filled areas that accompany it. The cerebellum is a part of the brain that deals with movement coordination as well as cognition and behavior.
Case Presentation: The male patient 8 year old who was apparently admitted in A.V.B.R.H on 18/8/2019 is diagnosed with a known case of dandy walker malformation and came with the complaints of headache since 4 days, fever since 3 days, vomiting since 5 days and 3 episodes of seizures. All the necessary blood investigations has been done. The CT scan as well as MRI reports has shown that large posterior fossa cyst with open communication with fourth ventricle with hypoplastic left cerebellar hemisphere and no visualized cerebellar vermis. Before taking this case, information was given to the patients and their relatives and Informed consent was obtained from patient as well as relatives.
Therapeutic Intervention: The patient was treated with NSAIDS, antibiotics, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and antacid and physical therapy to help keep muscle strength and flexibility The patient underwent VP shunt head circumference assessed regularly, vital signs hourly, provided vitamins enriched diet as per dietician’s order assisted dressing for drainage and physical therapy. Conclusion: The patient was admitted in A.V.B.R.H in a critical condition with the diagnosis of dandy walker syndrome, after providing the required treatment by the health care team members of hospital the patient condition was improved and satisfactory.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Proper Handling of a Face Mask during Pandemic of COVID - 19 amongst the General Population in Chennai – A Survey
Authors: Swornappan Mithra 
Published: September 2021

Background: Facemasks have become a mandatory to prevent the pandemic spread of COVID-19. It can be utilized as part of a broader strategy to reduce transmission and save lives. However, there are several basic conditions for using masks that the general population is unaware of. People should be highly aware of the proper handling, usage and disposal of the facemask to prevent the spread.
Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the general public's knowledge, attitude, and practice of correct face mask handling during a covid-19 epidemic, with the hope of providing the essential awareness to prevent future worsening crises.
Methods: The survey was conducted among general population. A total of 130 participants participated in the knowledge, awareness and practice assessment survey and the questionnaire was distributed online using Google survey forms. The data were collected, tabulated in excel and statistically analyzed using SPSS IBM version 20.0. Descriptive analysis & Pearson’s chi square test statistical analysis were performed.
Results: The results of the study showed that majority of the population preferred to wear face mask and 81.5 % believed that facemasks provides protection against corona virus; 3.1 % participants did not agree and 15.4 % participants were in dilemma.
Conclusions: Our results showed that some practices among young people could be regarded more appropriate than in the older people which quantify the need of more awareness campaign regarding the standardization, protocols, guidelines and strict implementation on the handling, usage and disposal of mask to minimize the pandemic spread.
Quando o corpo se torna indigente: Uma etnografia sobre os processos de morrer à luz do estado
Authors: Lobo Andréa de Souza , Sobreira Luiza Báo 
Published: September 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir questões sobre a construção da identidade do corpo morto enquanto indigente. Referimo-nos aos cadáveres que adentram ao Instituto Médico Legal do Distrito Federal sem os documentos que o classificam. Buscamos discorrer sobre o que legitima a atualização do status do morto, que passa a ser lido como não-identificado, ignorado, ou, simplesmente, indigente. Neste processo, é fundamental compreender quem faz parte da construção dessa narrativa: instituições, saberes e papéis. Os departamentos policiais, a metodologia médica-jurídica e os documentos são produzidos através de uma cadeia técnico-burocrático de criação. Definidora de fatos e verdades, a ciência médica serve-se de instrumento ao Estado para criar discursos, a fim de dar sentido a estes corpos, cujo o desconhecimento é a única informação. Dotado de racionalidade e poder, o Estado autoriza as narrativas sobre estes corpos. Os marginalizados em vida permanecem marginalizados na morte.
Clinical trial of raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, in HAM/TSP
Authors: Enose‐Akahata Yoshimi , Billioux Bridgette Jeanne , Azodi Shila , Dwyer Jennifer , Vellucci Ashley , Ngouth Nyater , Nozuma Satoshi , Massoud Raya , Cortese Irene , Ohayon Joan , Jacobson Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive myelopathy. A high proviral load (PVL) is one of the main risk factors for HAM/TSP. Recently, it was shown that raltegravir could inhibit cell‐free and cell‐to‐cell transmission of HTLV‐1 in vitro. Given the substantial clinical experience in human immunodeficiency virus infection and its excellent safety profile, this agent may be an attractive therapeutic option for HAM/TSP patients.MethodsSixteen subjects with HAM/TSP received raltegravir 400 mg orally twice daily in an initial 6‐month treatment phase, followed by a 9‐month post‐treatment phase. HTLV‐1 PVLs were assessed using droplet digital PCR from the PBMCs every 3 months, and from the CSF at baseline, month 6, and month 15. We also evaluated the ability of raltegravir to regulate abnormal immune responses in HAM/TSP patients.ResultsWhile a downward trend was observed in PBMC and/or CSF PVLs of some patients, raltegravir overall did not have any impact on the PVL in this HAM/TSP patient cohort. Clinically, all patients’ neurological scores and objective measurements remained relatively stable, with some expected variability. Immunologic studies showed alterations in the immune profiles of a subset of patients including decreased CD4+CD25+ T cells and spontaneous lymphoproliferation.InterpretationRaltegravir was generally well tolerated in this HAM/TSP patient cohort. A subset of patients exhibited a mild decrease in PVL as well as variations in their immune profiles after taking raltegravir. These findings suggest that raltegravir may be a therapeutic option in select HAM/TSP patients.Clinical Trial Registration NumberNCT01867320.
Biomimetic Tendrils by Four Dimensional Printing Bimorph Springs with Torsion and Contraction Properties Based on Bio‐Compatible Graphene/Silk Fibroin and Poly(3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐Hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: De Maria Carmelo , Chiesa Irene , Morselli Davide , Ceccarini Maria Rachele , Bittolo Bon Silvia , Degli Esposti Micaela , Fabbri Paola , Morabito Antonino , Beccari Tommaso , Valentini Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTaking inspiration from plant tendril geometry, in this study, 4D bimorph coiled structures with an internal core of graphene nanoplatelets‐modified regenerated silk and an external shell of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) are fabricated by 4D printing. Finite element simulations and experimental tests demonstrate that integrating these biomaterials with different coefficients of thermal expansion results in the temperature induced self‐compression and torsion of the structure. The bimorph spring also exhibits reversible contractive actuation after exposure to water environment that paves its exploitation in regenerative medicine, since core materials also have been proven to be biocompatible. Finally, the authors validate their findings with experimental measurements using such springs for temperature‐mediated lengthening of an artificial intestine.
Electrothermal Tristability Causes Sudden Burn‐In Phenomena in Organic LEDs
Authors: Kirch Anton , Fischer Axel , Liero Matthias , Fuhrmann Jürgen , Glitzky Annegret , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been established as a mature display pixel technology. While introducing the same technology in a large‐area form factor to general lighting and signage applications, some key questions remain unanswered. Under high‐brightness conditions, OLED panels were reported to exhibit nonlinear electrothermal behavior causing lateral brightness inhomogeneities and even regions of switched‐back luminance. Also, the physical understanding of sudden device failure and burn‐ins is still rudimentary. A safe and stable operation of lighting tiles, therefore, requires an in‐depth understanding of these physical phenomena. Here, it is shown that the electrothermal treatment of thin‐film devices allows grasping the underlying physics. Configurations of OLEDs with different lateral dimensions are studied as a role model and it is reported that devices exceeding a certain panel size develop three stable, self heating‐induced operating branches. Switching between them causes the sudden formation of dark spots in devices without any preexisting inhomogeneities. A current‐stabilized operation mode is commonly used in the lighting industry, as it ensures degradation‐induced voltage adjustments. Here, it is demonstrated that a tristable operation always leads to destructive switching, independent of applying constant currents or voltages. With this new understanding of the effects at high operation brightness, it will be possible to adjust driving schemes accordingly, design more resilient system integrations, and develop additional failure mitigation strategies.
Advanced Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy for Battery Studies
Authors: Yin Zu‐Wei , Zhao Wenguang , Li Jianyuan , Peng Xin‐Xing , Lin Cong , Zhang Mingjian , Zeng Zhiyuan , Liao Hong‐Gang , Chen Haibiao , Lin Hai , Pan Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a powerful tool for chemical compositional analyses, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can reveal an abundance of information regarding the atomic‐level electron state in a variety of materials, including the elemental types as well as their valence and concentration distributions, and the structure‐related atom radial distribution. Benefiting from its unique capabilities and the newly developed advanced transmission electron microscope (TEM) configurations (i.e., in situ bias, in situ heating, cryo‐TEM, etc.), EELS has facilitated the battery studies in various aspects. Here, a brief introduction of EELS is provided. Thereafter, a description of the recent progress in studying battery materials using EELS is provided, and finally a look ahead on the future development of EELS techniques and their applications in battery studies is provided.
Bioengineering Approaches for the Advanced Organoid Research
Authors: Yi Sang Ah , Zhang Yixiao , Rathnam Christopher , Pongkulapa Thanapat , Lee Ki‐Bum 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native organs. Current organoid technologies have been striding toward identifying the essential factors for controlling the processes involved in organoid development, including physical cues and biochemical signaling. There is a growing demand for engineering dynamic niches characterized by conditions that resemble in vivo organogenesis to generate reproducible and reliable organoids for various applications. Innovative biomaterial‐based and advanced engineering‐based approaches have been incorporated into conventional organoid culture methods to facilitate the development of organoid research. The recent advances in organoid engineering, including extracellular matrices and genetic modulation, are comprehensively summarized to pinpoint the parameters critical for organ‐specific patterning. Moreover, perspective trends in developing tunable organoids in response to exogenous and endogenous cues are discussed for next‐generation developmental studies, disease modeling, and therapeutics.
Advanced Nanocellulose‐Based Composites for Flexible Functional Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Ting , Du Haishun , Liu Huayu , Liu Wei , Zhang Xinyu , Si Chuanling , Liu Peiwen , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the increasing demand for wearable electronics (such as smartwatch equipment, wearable health monitoring systems, and human–robot interface units), flexible energy storage systems with eco‐friendly, low‐cost, multifunctional characteristics, and high electrochemical performances are imperative to be constructed. Nanocellulose with sustainable natural abundance, superb properties, and unique structures has emerged as a promising nanomaterial, which shows significant potential for fabricating functional energy storage systems. This review is intended to provide novel perspectives on the combination of nanocellulose with other electrochemical materials to design and fabricate nanocellulose‐based flexible composites for advanced energy storage devices. First, the unique structural characteristics and properties of nanocellulose are briefly introduced. Second, the structure–property–application relationships of these composites are addressed to optimize their performances from the perspective of processing technologies and micro/nano‐interface structure. Next, the recent specific applications of nanocellulose‐based composites, ranging from flexible lithium‐ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors to emerging electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium‐sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and zinc‐ion batteries, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future developments in nanocellulose‐based composites for the next generation of flexible energy storage systems are proposed.