bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyrosols retrieved from traditionally brewed yeasts assist in tolerance against heavy metals and promote growth of cells
Authors: Nath Bhaskar Jyoti , Das Khanin Kumar , Talukdar Riki , Sarma Hridip Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals act as co-factors for several microbial enzymes and are required in low concentrations for proper biological functioning of yeasts. Since concentrations beyond permitted threshold can damage cell's functionality and viability, metal tolerance in yeasts towards such heavy metals is therefore desirable during fermentation. Tyrosol, a quorum sensing molecule in yeasts, protects yeasts from oxidative stress induced by various factors, but the performance of the molecule under heavy metal induced stress is not known. In this investigation, metal tolerance of four species of endemic yeasts from northeast India, viz Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata, isolated from traditional starter culture cakes were tested towards zinc (Zn+2), manganese (Mn+2), cobalt (Co+2) and copper (Cu+2) in presence and absence of tyrosols retrieved from these isolates. The decreasing order of tolerance of isolates were found to be Mn+2 &gt; Zn+2 &gt; Co+2 &gt; Cu+2. Under the influence of tyrosols, isolates showed enhanced growth in their upper metal tolerance limit. C. tropicalis showed enhanced growth (2−48 fold, p&lt;0.0001) in all the tested metal consisting medium (2 mM Zn+2, 5 mM Mn+2, 2 mM Co+2 and 1 mM Cu+2) whilst W. anomalus, C. glabrata, S. cerevisiae showed increased growth (3−17 fold, p&lt;0.0001) in Zn+2 (2 mM), Mn+2 (5 mM) and Cu+2 (1 mM) augmented medium. Overall result suggests that tyrosol exert protective effect under heavy metal induced stress, which could be useful in enhancing the quality of fermented products.
Forest Sector Dependence and Economic Well-Being in Kentucky: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Poudel Kamana , Ochuodho Thomas O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kentucky’s forest sector plays an important role in the state’s economic development through provision of market and nonmarket goods and services as well as the employment. The forest-dependent communities are socio-economically diverse with varying poverty rate levels. An aggregate state-level analysis of the forest sector and its contribution to communities’ well-being masks regional differences in how forest sector dependence is related to the economic well-being of dependent communities. In this research, we divided Kentucky into three regions based on county poverty rates and used common indicators of forest sector dependence and economic well-being to assess this relationship at regional level. We used panel data from 2010 to 2017 and ran fixed effects regression to assess this relationship. Results show that the relationship between secondary wood manufacturing, pulp and paper dependence and per capita income was negative in high-poverty counties whereas the relationship between pulp and paper dependence and per capita income was positive in medium-poverty counties. This reflects high structural difference in economies of medium-poverty counties relative to high-poverty counties. Most of the high-poverty counties are in rural areas with limited job opportunities. Policy interventions on capacity building and workforce training in high-poverty counties is necessary for sustained forest industries in these regions.
DNA cytosine methylation at the lexA promoter of Escherichia coli is stationary phase specific
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth B , Chen Edwin , Culyba Matthew J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The bacterial DNA damage response pathway (SOS response) is composed of a network of genes regulated by a single transcriptional repressor, LexA. The lexA promoter, itself, contains two LexA operators, enabling negative feedback. In Escherichia coli, the downstream operator contains a conserved DNA cytosine methyltransferase (Dcm) site that is predicted to be methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) specifically during stationary phase growth, suggesting a regulatory role for DNA methylation in the SOS response. To test this, we quantified 5mC at the lexA locus, and then examined the effect of LexA on Dcm activity, as well as the impact of this 5mC mark on LexA binding, lexA transcription, and SOS response induction. We found that 5mC at the lexA promoter is specific to stationary phase growth, but that it does not affect lexA expression. Our data support a model where LexA binding at the promoter inhibits Dcm activity without an effect on the SOS regulon.
The PINT database: a definitive compilation of absolute palaeomagnetic intensity determinations since 4 billion years ago
Authors: Bono Richard K , Paterson Greig A , van der Boon Annique , Engbers Yael A , Michael Grappone J , Handford Benjamin , Hawkins Louise M A , Lloyd Simon J , Sprain Courtney J , Thallner Daniele , Biggin Andrew J 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY
Palaeomagnetic field intensity measurements, derived from rocks with ages that span geological time, provide a crucial constraint on the evolution of Earth’s deep interior and its magnetic environment. The palaeointensity database PINT has been updated to version v.8.0.0 and includes palaeointensity site-mean records spanning an interval from 50 ka to 4.2 Ga, compiling efforts from the palaeomagnetic community spanning from 1959 to the end of 2019. Nearly all site-mean palaeointensity records have been assessed using the qualitative reliability of palaeointensity (quality of palaeointensity, QPI) framework. This updated database brings together and harmonizes prior QPI and PINT compilation efforts into a unified database referred to as the PINT database, incorporating recent efforts since 2014 to assess QPI. The spatio-temporal distribution of the PINT database is analysed, revealing substantial biases towards young records (from the Brunhes chron) in the Northern hemisphere, and intervals with little to no palaeointensity data with a duration of 10s to 100s of millions of years in the Palaeozoic and Precambrian. General QPI compliance is characterized for the PINT database, which shows that the median QPI scores range from 2 to 3 (out of a total possible score of 10), with a positive trend towards increasing QPI scores in studies published after the year 2000. This illustrates an increasing community awareness of what is required to establish confidence in palaeointensity data and an increasing robustness of the large scale interpretations that can be made with these data. We additionally present a description of the long-term average dipole field strength with descriptive statistics for distinct intervals of Earth history.
Communication Interdependence and Cohabitation: The Role of Interpersonal Technologies in Satisfaction and Disillusionment among Couples in Transition
Authors: Sharabi Liesel L , Dorrance-Hall Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The transition to cohabitation is a major developmental milestone for romantic couples, yet it is linked to myriad negative outcomes. This study extends the communication interdependence perspective (CIP) to understand the role of technology use in relationship transitions (i.e., the transition to cohabitation). Couples (N = 258 individuals) completed an online survey before and after transitioning to cohabitation to test actor and partner effects of technology integration, segmentation, and difficulty transitioning on relationship satisfaction and ambivalence. Results showed that for actors, constructive integration had positive associations and destructive integration had negative associations with relational outcomes. Difficulty transitioning between channels of communication also had negative implications for relationships. Longitudinal results indicated that negative integration patterns could sometimes buffer against relationship disillusionment. Theoretical implications for the CIP and practical implications for couples are discussed.
Bringing to Light the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mucosal Glycosylation as a Key Player
Authors: Leite-Gomes Eduarda , Dias Ana M , Azevedo Catarina M , Santos-Pereira Beatriz , Magalhães Mariana , Garrido Mónica , Amorim Rita , Lago Paula , Marcos-Pinto Ricardo , Pinho Salomé S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColitis-associated cancer is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease remaining an important clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis, screening, and prognosis. Inflammation is a driving factor both in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, but the mechanism underlying the transition from colon inflammation to cancer remains to be defined. Dysregulation of mucosal glycosylation has been described as a key regulatory mechanism associated both with colon inflammation and colorectal cancer development. In this review, we discuss the major molecular mechanisms of colitis-associated cancer pathogenesis, highlighting the role of glycans expressed at gut epithelial cells, at lamina propria T cells, and in serum proteins in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and its progression to colon cancer, further discussing its potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
Mesalazine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19: Hospitalization and Adverse In-Hospital Outcomes Based on Nationwide Data
Authors: Kjeldsen Simon , Nielsen Jan , Mertz Nørgård Bente , Kjeldsen Jens 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
We assessed whether 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), as treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), was associated with an increase in hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 and adverse in-hospital outcomes.

Methods
This was a Danish nationwide register study. The study population consisted of all patients with an IBD diagnosis between March 1, 2010, and March 1, 2020, and living in Denmark on March 1, 2020. Patients with IBD treated with 5-ASA (exposed) were compared with patients not receiving 5-ASA (unexposed).

Results
We identified 60 242 patients with IBD; 15 635 (40.5%) with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 964 (4.5%) with Crohn’s disease (CD) were exposed to 5-ASA. For patients with UC who were 5-ASA exposed, the hazard ratio of hospitalization was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.78). In-hospital outcomes were not statistical significant from those not exposed to 5-ASA (median length of hospital stay 5.6 days vs 7.2 days), mechanical ventilation (0% vs 14%), continuous positive airway pressure (7.9% vs 9.4%), and in-hospital mortality (21.1% vs 17.2%). For patients with CD, the hazard ratio of hospitalization was 2.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.97). We found no statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay (7.1 days vs 3.9 days), mechanical ventilation (0% vs 1.8%), use of continuous positive airway pressure (0% vs 1.8%), or in-hospital mortality (0% vs 9%) between exposed and unexposed patients.

Conclusions
Patients with UC, treated with 5-ASA, had no increased risk of hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 or more adverse in-hospital outcomes. In patients with CD, 5-ASA may be associated with an increased risk of hospitalization but not with more adverse in-hospital outcomes.
Regulous Functions over Real Closed Fields
Authors: Kucharz Wojciech , Kurdyka Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet $X$ be a quasi-projective algebraic variety over a real closed field $R$, and let $f \colon U \to R$ be a function defined on an open subset $U$ of the set $X(R)$ of $R$-rational points of $X$. Assume that either the function $f$ is locally semialgebraic or the field $R$ is uncountable. If for every irreducible algebraic curve $C \subset X$ the restriction $f|_{U \cap C}$ is continuous and admits a rational representation, then $f$ is continuous and admits a rational representation. There are also suitable versions of this theorem with algebraic curves replaced by algebraic arcs. Heretofore, results of such a type have been known only for $R={\mathbb{R}}$. The transition from ${\mathbb{R}}$ to $R$ is not automatic at all and requires new methods.
SARS-CoV-2 Interference of Influenza Virus Replication in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Halfmann Peter J , Nakajima Noriko , Sato Yuko , Takahashi Kenta , Accola Molly , Chiba Shiho , Fan Shufang , Neumann Gabriele , Rehrauer William , Suzuki Tadaki , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 infection at the same time as or before H3N2 influenza virus infection resulted in significantly reduced influenza virus titers in the lungs and nasal turbinates. This interference may be correlated with SARS-CoV-2–induced expression of MX1.
Maternal-Fetal Immunologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Symptomatic Vulnerable Population: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Larcade Ramon , DeShea Lise , Lang Gillian A , Caballero Mauricio T , Ferretti Adrian , Beasley William H , Tipple Trent E , Vain Nestor , Prudent Luis , Lang Mark L , Polack Fernando P , Ofman Gaston 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionally affects pregnant women and their newborn; however, little is known about variables that modulate maternal-fetal immune response to infection.

Methods
We prospectively studied socioeconomic, biologic, and clinical factors affecting humoral immunity in 87 unvaccinated pregnant women hospitalized in Buenos Aires for symptoms consistent with COVID-19.

Results
The number of days between symptom onset and childbirth predicted maternal and newborn virus spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). These findings suggest newborns may benefit less when mothers deliver soon after COVID-19 infection. Similarly, a longer time between symptom onset and birth predicted higher in utero transfer of maternal IgG and its concentration in cord blood. Older gestational age at birth was associated with lower maternal to cord blood IgG ratio. Of women with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, 87% developed RBD-specific IgA responses in breast milk within 96 hours of childbirth. IgA was not significantly associated with time from infection but correlated with maternal serum IgG and placental transfer.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the combined role of biologic, clinical, and socioeconomic variables associated with maternal RBD-specific antibodies and supports early vaccination strategies for COVID-19 in socioeconomically vulnerable pregnant women.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04362956.
Translatable pathways classification (TransPath-C) for inferring processes germane to human biology from animal studies data: example application in neurobiology
Authors: Carroll Molly J , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Perkins Edward J , Lauffenburger Douglas A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
How to translate insights gained from studies in one organismal species for what is most likely to be germane in another species, such as from mice to humans, is a ubiquitous challenge in basic biology as well as biomedicine. This is an especially difficult problem when there are few molecular features that are obviously important in both species for a given phenotype of interest. Neuropathologies are a prominent realm of this complication. Schizophrenia is complex psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population. Many genetic factors have been proposed to drive the development of schizophrenia, and the 22q11 microdeletion (MD) syndrome has been shown to dramatically increase this risk. Due to heterogeneity of presentation of symptoms, diagnosis and formulation of treatment options for patients can often be delayed, and there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics directed toward the treatment of schizophrenia. Here, we present a novel computational approach, Translational Pathways Classification (TransPath-C), that can be used to identify shared pathway dysregulation between mouse models and human schizophrenia cohorts. This method uses variation of pathway activation in the mouse model to predict both mouse and human disease phenotype. Analysis of shared dysregulated pathways called out by both the mouse and human classifiers of TransPath-C can identify pathways that can be targeted in both preclinical and human cohorts of schizophrenia. In application to the 22q11 MD mouse model, our findings suggest that PAR1 pathway activation found upregulated in this mouse phenotype is germane for the corresponding human schizophrenia cohort such that inhibition of PAR1 may offer a novel therapeutic target.
Development and application of Cas13a-based diagnostic assay forNeisseria gonorrhoeaedetection and azithromycin resistance identification
Authors: Luo Hao , Chen Wentao , Mai Zhida , Yang Jianjiang , Lin Xiaomian , Zeng Lihong , Pan Yuying , Xie Qinghui , Xu Qingqing , Li Xiaoxiao , Liao Yiwen , Feng Zhanqin , Ou Jiangli , Qin Xiaolin , Zheng Heping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has spread worldwide. Strains resistant to most antibiotics, including ceftriaxone and azithromycin, have emerged to an alarming level. Rapid testing for N. gonorrhoeae and its antimicrobial resistance will therefore contribute to clinical decision making for early diagnosis and rational drug use.MethodsA Cas13a-based assay (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking; SHERLOCK) was developed for N. gonorrhoeae detection (porA gene) and azithromycin resistance identification (A2059G, C2611T). Assays were evaluated for sensitivity with purified dsDNA and specificity with 17 non-gonococcal strains. Performance of SHERLOCK (porA) was compared with Roche Cobas 4800 using 43 urine samples. Identification of azithromycin resistance mutations (A2059G, C2611T) was evaluated using a total of 84 clinical isolates and 18 urine samples. Lateral flow was tested for this assay as a readout tool. Moreover, we directly assayed 27 urethral swabs from patients with urethritis to evaluate their status in terms of N. gonorrhoeae infection and azithromycin resistance.ResultsThe SHERLOCK assay was successfully developed with a sensitivity of 10 copies/reaction, except 100 copies/reaction for A2059G, and no cross-reaction with other species. Comparison of the SHERLOCK assay with the Cobas 4800 revealed 100% concordance within 18 positive and 25 negative urine samples. Of the 84 isolates, 21 strains with azithromycin resistance mutations were distinguished and further verified by sequencing and MIC determination. In addition, 62.96% (17/27) strains from swab samples were detected with no mutant strains confirmed by sequencing.ConclusionsThe SHERLOCK assay for rapid N. gonorrhoeae detection combined with azithromycin resistance testing is a promising method for application in clinical practice.
A nationwide genomic study of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae in Norway 2001–15: introduction and spread of ESBLs facilitated by clonal groups CG15 and CG307
Authors: Fostervold Aasmund , Hetland Marit A K , Bakksjø Ragna , Bernhoff Eva , Holt Kathryn E , Samuelsen Ørjan , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Wyres Kelly L , Löhr Iren Høyland ,   The Norwegian Study Group on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Tofteland Ståle , Lindemann Paul Christoffer , Handal Nina , Rødland Åshild Marvik , Jakovljev Aleksandra , Åsheim Sandra , Gammelsrud Karianne Wiger , Sandnes Rolf Arne , Weme Einar Tollaksen , Kümmel Angela , Nilsen Einar , Lindstad Belinda Langnes , Hollekim Anne C , Hjetland Reidar , Oseid Anne R , Hafne Liv Jorunn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To use the nationwide Norwegian surveillance programme on resistant microbes in humans (NORM) to address longitudinal changes in the population structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 2001–15, focusing on the emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in Norway.

Methods
Among blood (n = 6124) and urinary tract (n = 5496) surveillance isolates from 2001–15, we used Illumina technology to whole genome sequence 201 ESBL-producing isolates from blood (n = 130) and urine (n = 71), and 667 non-ESBL isolates from blood. Complete genomes for four isolates were resolved with Oxford Nanopore sequencing.

Results
In a highly diverse collection, Klebsiella variicola ssp. variicola caused 24.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) bacteraemias. ESBL production was limited to K. pneumoniae sensu stricto (98.5%). A diverse ESBL population of 57 clonal groups (CGs) were dominated by MDR CG307 (17%), CG15 (12%), CG70 (6%), CG258 (5%) and CG45 (5%) carrying blaCTX-M-15. Yersiniabactin was significantly more common in ESBL-positive (37.8%) compared with non-ESBL K. pneumoniae sensu stricto isolates (12.7%), indicating convergence of virulence and resistance determinants. Moreover, we found a significantly lower prevalence of yersiniabactin (3.0%, 37.8% and 17.3%), IncFIB (58.7%, 87.9% and 79.4%) and IncFII plasmid replicons (40.5%, 82.8% and 54.2%) in K. variicola ssp. variicola compared with ESBL- and non-ESBL K. pneumoniae sensu stricto isolates, respectively.

Conclusions
The increase in Norwegian ESBL-producing KpSC during 2010–15 was driven by CG307 and CG15 carrying blaCTX-M-15. K. variicola ssp. variicola was a frequent cause of invasive KpSC infection, but rarely carried ESBLs.
The ‘Advance Interference-Like Effect’ of Climate Targets: Fundamental Rights, Intergenerational Equity and the German Federal Constitutional Court
Authors: Minnerop Petra 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Some climate lawsuits qualify as landmark cases, because they either mark an unexpected turning point in environmental jurisprudence, or they introduce a new conceptual analysis of the law vis-à-vis the global challenge of climate change. The decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court from March 2021 meets both criteria, it has already defined climate policy and law-making in Germany, and it revolutionised the traditional concept of ‘interference’ with fundamental rights under the German Basic Law. This article examines the order and its significance for climate litigation, legislation and constitutional doctrine, and it analyses how international law defines the state’s objective to protect the climate pursuant to Article 20a Basic Law, including for future generations. On that basis, the article argues that the Court's approach towards intergenerational equity remains limited due to the perception of the carbon budget as ‘freedom budget’.
Balancing act between rights holders and platforms given further consideration by CJEU
Authors: Wise Abigail , Ibbetson Sean 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Court of Justice of the European Union, Frank Peterson v Google LLC, YouTube LLC, YouTube Inc, Google Germany GmbH and Elsevier Inc v Cyando AG, Joined Cases C-682/18 and C683/18, EU:C:2021:503, 22 June 2021
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has provided a non-exhaustive list of factors which are suggested to be taken into account in deciding whether a platform is engaged in acts of communication to the public. The court’s ruling clarifies the scope of the right under Article 3(1) of Directive 2001/29/EC, the availability of the hosting exemption in Article 14(1) of Directive 2000/31/EC and injunctions against intermediaries under Article 8(3) of Directive 2001/29/EC.