bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postsecondary schooling ideologies of Nepalese American families in the United States
Authors: Hailu Meseret F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, I explore the postsecondary schooling ideologies of Nepalese American refugee families in the United States. Framing these ideologies through the theory of transnationalism, I demonstrate how parent and family engagement—facilitated in part by the RISE Colorado program—allows individuals to forge cross‐country connections and foster a sense of global citizenship. Specifically, the findings from this qualitative analysis suggest that resettled parents and families link their country of origin (Nepal) to their country of settlement (the United States) by sharing stories of their migration and encouraging their children to diligently pursue higher education. The Nepalese American families in this study have a wealth of educational knowledge gained from their migration and refugee experiences, although they may not readily acknowledge their knowledge as valuable. These findings have implications for higher education practice, including: the rhetoric used on college campuses, the utility of mentoring clusters, and the development of orientation and family engagement programs.
Conceptualizations of power and agency among members of refugee communities in the state of Colorado
Authors: Ramos Delma , Sarubbi Molly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApplying Gaventa's three‐dimensional model of power, this article examines conceptualizations of power and agency among parent refugees from Burma and Nepal residing in the state of Colorado. The perspectives presented in this article illuminate factors that shape how parent refugees define and understand power and agency in supporting their children's postsecondary education in a new country. The varying perspectives and understandings of power and agency among parents from Burma and Nepal are informed by their past lived experiences in their country of origin and their experiences in their current country of residence, with some parents reporting feelings of powerlessness compared to others who are confident in their ability to engage and support their children's postsecondary educational journeys at home and through school engagement.
Refugees and the audit culture of international higher education in the United States
Authors: Wolfgram Matthew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRefugees overcome high barriers to survive, resettle in the United States, and thrive in their new communities. On account of the protracted nature of modern conflicts, refugees are now often displaced for a decade or more, while living in refugee camps or in urban settings, prior to being resettled to a country of ultimate destination. Some refugees obtain education during their displacement, including college and graduate education and professional credentialing. Upon resettlement to the United States, many refugees lack or cannot obtain the needed “official copies” of their credentialing documents (transcripts, diplomas, syllabi, etc.), and for many of these highly skilled and professionally qualified individuals, their continued education or professional work is thwarted by the vetting process designed to review international students. This article argues that the bureaucratic culture and practices—or “audit culture”—of the internationalization of higher education in the United States is a major and unnecessary barrier to the access and success of higher education for refugees, to the integration of refugees into the professional workforce, and to the flourishing of the refugee community as a whole. The article (1) introduces the contexts of refugee displacement, resettlement, and education in the United States; (2) develops a semiotic framework to analyze the bureaucratic practices involved in vetting refugees’ credentials, (3) documents the audit culture of the internationalization of higher education which is the context in which the education credentials of refugees are evaluated; (4) illustrates with a set of brief life‐histories of refuges in Wisconsin how this audit culture operates as a barrier to their higher education and professional success; and (5) argues that refugees (and others with refugee background) are deserving of special consideration by postsecondary institutions in the United States.
Understanding the lived higher education experiences of students from refugee backgrounds: Recommendations for future practice
Authors: Felix Vivienne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to understand the lived higher education experiences of students from refugee backgrounds. Limited to the context of educational experiences in the United States, this work is guided by insights from a phenomenological study of refugee students’ experiences. From their experiences, five key themes were identified. Those themes were mobility and higher education; transnational experiences; negotiating a bicultural identity; connections to a community of national origin; and sources of support for persisting in higher education. These themes are used to inform the recommendations for professional practice.
Role of calcium in hormone‐independent and ‐resistant breast cancer
Authors: Cyrus Kedra , Wang Qiaochu , Sharawi Zeina , Noguchi Glyn , Kaushal Mudit , Chang Tiffany , Rydzewski William , Yeguech William , Gibrel Fatima , Psaltis John B. , Haddad Bassem R. , Martin Mary Beth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApproximately one‐third of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast tumors fail to respond to or become resistant to hormonal therapy. Although the mechanisms responsible for hormone resistance are not completely understood, resistance is associated with alterations in ERα; overexpression of proteins that interact with the receptor; and hormone‐independent activation of the receptor by growth factor signal transduction pathways. Our previous studies show that in estrogen dependent breast cancer cells, activation of the epidermal growth factor signaling pathway increases intracellular calcium which binds to and activates ERα through sites in the ligand‐binding domain of the receptor and that treatment with extracellular calcium increases the concentration of intracellular calcium which activates ERα and induces hormone‐independent cell growth. The present study asked whether overexpression of calcium channels contributes to the hormone‐independent and ‐resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells and whether clinically used calcium channel blockers reverse hormone independence and resistance. The results show that hormone‐independent and ‐resistant cells overexpress calcium channels, have high concentrations of intracellular calcium, overexpress estrogen responsive genes and, as expected, grow in the absence of estradiol and that treatment with calcium channel blockers decreased the concentration of intracellular calcium, the expression of estrogen responsive genes and cell growth. More importantly, in hormone‐resistant cells, treatment that combined a calcium channel blocker with an antiestrogen reversed resistance to the antiestrogen.
Associations between acculturation, perceived discrimination and subjective well‐being among Syrian adolescents living in Turkey
Authors: Güler Abdurrahim , Yıldırım Murat 
Published: July 2021

Although numerous studies have documented the associations between perceived discrimination, acculturation and well‐being in immigrants, far fewer have examined these associations in adolescent immigrants in the context of forced displacement. The focus of this study was to refine our understanding of the link between acculturation, perceived discrimination and subjective well‐being in understudied forcibly displaced Syrian adolescents residing in Turkey. The data were collected from 181 Syrian adolescents (53.19% girls) aged between 10 and 16 years (Mage = 13,SD = 1.53). The participants completed measures of acculturation, perceived discrimination, positive affect and negative affect alongside demographic variables. The results indicated that boys reported more experience of positive affect while girls reported more experience of negative affect. Younger adolescents reported greater positive affect, higher heritage acculturation and lesser negative affect. Adolescents who had higher host acculturation and experienced low perceived discrimination had a greater positive, whereas adolescents who experienced perceived discrimination had a greater negative affect. Host acculturation and perceived discrimination significantly contributed to the variance in explaining positive and negative affect over and above the age and gender. The results elucidate our understanding in terms of acculturation and perceived discrimination that significantly contribute to subjective well‐being in the context of forcibly displaced Syrian adolescents.
Successful treatment of metastatic bladder cancer by gemcitabine‐cisplatin re‐challenge after pembrolizumab
Authors: Arai Takayuki , Takeuchi Nobuyoshi , Sazuka Tomokazu , Sato Hiroaki , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Komiya Akira , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe advent of pembrolizumab has contributed to improved treatment outcomes for metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but the outcomes of treatments after second‐line treatment have not been established.Case presentationA 72‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with gross hematuria and diagnosed with suspicion of bladder cancer cT1N0M0. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, but local recurrence and multiple lung metastases appeared 5 months after surgery. Although gemcitabine‐cisplatin was performed as first‐line chemotherapy, the local lesion increased, and pembrolizumab was used as a second‐line treatment. Pembrolizumab was also ineffective; however, re‐challenge with gemcitabine‐cisplatin as third‐line treatment produced a good therapeutic effect.ConclusionWe report a successful case in which gemcitabine‐cisplatin re‐challenge after pembrolizumab therapy was effective in metastatic bladder cancer. Re‐administration of chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitors may be a broadly effective treatment option.
NH3 emission responses to irrigation time and the initial moisture from urea applied to three soils in the North China Plain*
Authors: Dong Wenxu , Xing Hanbing , Chen Suying , Hu Chunsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater management affects NH3 emission in complex ways due to its influence on nitrogen transformation and movement. This study aimed to determine the effect of irrigation timing on NH3 emission from urea at different initial moistures. A pot experiment was conducted based on three typical soils (Fluvisols, Cambisols, and Luvisols) in the North China Plain. Each soil was treated to three levels of initial moisture (5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) and irrigated with 40 mm water 0, 6, and 12 hr after applying urea. The results showed that NH3 loss ranged from 0.2 to 14.2 kg N ha−1, with the greatest loss in Fluvisols, followed by Cambisols, and the lowest in Luvisols. The loss of NH3 increased with initial moisture for all three soils. But there was no significant effect of irrigation time on NH3 emission, although the contents of NH4+ in surface soil were higher for delayed irrigation than for immediate irrigation. Additionally, the NO3− content was increased in Luvisols with delayed irrigation at a high initial water content, which may have promoted leaching. Therefore, delaying irrigation by up to 12 hr did not cause a significant increase in NH3 emission. However, fertilization and irrigation should be carried out with lower moisture, especially for Luvisols to prevent ammonia emission or nitrate leaching.
Zur Toxizität von Butonat, Trichlorfon und Dichlorvos gegenüber Escherichia coli und Enterobacter aerogenes
Authors: Grahl K. , Stelzer W. , Stottmeister S. 
Published: July 2021

Butonat, Trichlorfon und Dichlorvos sind für Escherichia coli und Enterobacter aerogenes erst in relativ hohen Konzentrationen akut toxisch. Eine negative Beeinflussung der Wachstunisrate tritt im Konzentrationsbereich ≧1000 mg 1−1 (Butonat, Trichloifon) bzw. ≧250 mg 1−1 (Dichlorvos) ein. Bis zu diesen Konzentrationsbereichen werden die Wirkstoffe durch die Bakterien inaktiviert bzw. metabolisiert. Die Bestimmung der Wachstunisrate erfolgt über den Sauerstoffverbrauch der Kultur im SAPROMAT AP 12. Die Wirkstoffkonzentrationen werden dünnschichtchromatographisch analysiert.
Einfluß der TTC‐Konzentration auf die Dehydrogenasenaktivität von Mikroorganismen
Authors: Miksch K. 
Published: July 2021

Die aus dem Sediment eines Gewässers isolierte Mischpopulation von Bakterien wurde auf Nährbouillon kultiviert sowie über unterschiedlich lange Zeit an Glucose und Phenol adaptiert. Die zur Bestimmung der Dehydrogenasenaktivität optimale Konzentration des TTC lag für die verschiedenen Kulturen zwischen 0,04 und 0,2 Volumenprozent der Bakterien‐Suspension bzw. zwischen 0,1 bzw. 1 mg TTC/mg TS · h bezogen auf die getrocknete Bakterienbiomasse bei einstündiger Inkubation. Die Unterschiede in der Formazanbildung wie in der toxischen Wirkung des TTC sind abhängig von der Struktur der einzelnen Bakterienzelle wie von der Struktur der Belebtschlammflocken und dem ,,Alter“ der Kultur, weniger abhängig vom Substrat.
Effects of γ‐Rays on Hatching' of the Eggs and Survival Period of Fries of Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Shrivastava R. S. , Dwivedi P. 
Published: July 2021

The eggs of Cyprinus carpio were irradiated by 5 different strengths: 0.0258, 0.129, 0.258, 0.516 and 1.29 C/kg (100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 R) of γ‐rays in the batches of 50 fertilized eggs.The activities of eggs and hatched fries were noted after irradiation doses. The hatching percentages of the eggs were reported for each group.The percentage of hatched eggs of Cyprinus carpio after radiation doses of 0.0258, 0.129, 0.258, 0.516 and 1.29 C/kg (100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 R) was 30%, 24%, 28%, 30%, and 34%, respectively.The 50% mortality period of fries for the above strengths of the γ‐rays was 8 days, 7 days, 6 days. 4 days and 4 days, respectively. The survival period of the fries was 11 days, 9 days, 8 days, 7 days and 6 days, respectively.All fries hatched from the eggs irradiated by γ‐rays showed early hatching, a higher percentage of mortality, a retarded and abnormal development of the body.A statistical analysis of the results by the correlation coefficient also proved that the hatching percentages of the fries and the survival period of fries are directly proportional to the strength of the γ‐rays and inversely proportional to the strength of γ‐rays, respectively.
Biochemisch‐makrophytische Methode der Nährstoffeliminierung aus Oberflächenwässern auf der Grundlage der Infiltration
Authors: Pietsch W. 
Published: July 2021

Die natürlichen Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften von Makrophytenbeständen, insbesondere bestimmter Pflanzengruppen der überschwemmungswiesen, für Nährstoffeliminierung und Grundwasseranreicherung werden der biochemisch‐makrophytischen Methode zugrunde gelegt. Am Beispiel von Kleinstsickerbecken wird die Methode zur Nährstoffelimination aus Oberflächenwässern beschrieben. Prinzip, Durchführung und Auswertung der Methode werden am Beispiel verschiedener Makrophytenarten für verschiedene hydrochemische Parameter anhand von Grenzwerten, Eliminierungs‐ und Infiltrationsraten dargestellt.Geeignete Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Methode für wasserwirtschaftliche und landeskulturelle Zwecke werden besprochen.
Primary Productivity in Relation to the Abiotic Factors in a Temporary Freshwater Pond
Authors: Nasar S. A. K. , Sharma M. 
Published: July 2021

The primary production in the small pond (3.5 m long, 1.5 m wide, 1.5 m deep) was measured in winter from November to April by means of the bright‐dark‐flask method at an exposure for 24 hours. The following results were obtained: gross production 0.9 … 11 g C/m3d, net production 0.8 … 7 g C/m3d, respiration 0.5 … 5.6 g C/m3d, P/R quotient 19.6 … 0.18. The results are discussed in connection with chemical and hydrographie parameters as well as with the hydrological situation.
The Hydrophobicity of Hydrocarbondissolved Benz (a) pyrene
Authors: Krasnoschekova R. , Gubergrits M. 
Published: July 2021

With carcinogenic benz(a)pyrene as an example the distribution of polycyclic arenes in the hydrocarbon‐water system is shown to be independent of the hydrophobicity of hydrocarbon present as their carrier and to be constant for the series of paraffins and benzene studied in both fresh and salt water.The hydrocarbon‐carrier hinders the penetration of benz(a)pyrene into water, the free energy of the system increases (~ by 4.5 kJ/mole) due to an increase of the hydrophobic interaction of molecules.The increase in temperature from 20 to 50 °C influences the distribution of benz(a)pyrene in the hydrocarbon‐water system insignificantly.Changes in standard thermodynamic parameters of the transition of polycyclic arene from the solution in alkane (benzene) into water (enthalpy Δ H°, entropy Δ S°, and free energy Δ G°) are calculated. Negative values of entropy point to the additional “structurization” of water in the course of the solution of hydrocarbons in it. Mineral salts do not influence the transition of carcinogenic arene into water.
Primary Productivity Studies on Freshwater Fish‐Ponds of Bhagalpur, India
Authors: Nasar S. A. K. 
Published: July 2021

A one year study from October 1972 to September 1973 in four freshwater fishponds of Bhagalpur (87° 02' E long, and 25° 15'N lat.), India, has shown that a high phytoplankton primary production occurred twice during the annual cycle. There were seasonal variations in the production rate with a great fluctuation in the maximum and minimum values (3 … 4 times). Amongst the ponds studied, the highest daily production recorded was 6.93 g C/m2/day in Pond I and the minimum was 0.82 g C/m2/day in Pond II. The highest annual gross production was estimated to be 1611.98 g C/m2/y in Pond I, next in the order was 1543 g C/m2/y in Pond IV and then 1155.7.5 g C/m2/y in Pond I and the minimum was 641.75 C/m2/y in Pond II. It has also been observed that in certain months the net:gross ratio recorded was zero, while the community respiration as percentage of the gross production value reached 100% in few months. A comparison has been made in the annual production of temperate and tropical freshwater systems and this indicates that tropical waters are more productive than the temperate waters. Various physico‐chemical factors such as rainfall, light, temperature and alkalinity may regulate or limit production.
Probleme der Kühlwasserversorgung großer Blockeinheiten aus wasserwirtschaftlicher Sicht
Authors: Salinger Ch.‐M. 
Published: July 2021

Die Versorgung großer Blockeinheiten von Dampfkraftwerken mit Kühlwasser ergibt eine Reihe schwieriger Probleme, die vor allem aus der Forderung nach einer wassersparenden Technologie und der Vermeidung umweltfeindlicher Produkte resultieren. Für eine wirksame Lösung werden drei Möglichkeiten beschrieben:— Die Optimierung des chemischen Status für das gesamte Kühlwasserregime,— die Wiederverwendung betriebsinterner Abwässer,— die Anwendung von Sparschaltungen für die bedarfsgerechte Versorgung der Nebenkühlstellen mit Brauchwasser.Die derzeit technologische Ausführbarkeit bzw. die Grenzen und Randbedingungen ihrer Anwendbarkeit werden diskutiert.
Influence of pH on the Toxicity of Phenol and its Two Derivatives Pentachlorophenol and Dinitrophenol to Some Fresh Water Teleosts
Authors: Dalela R. C. , Rani Saroj , Rani Sarita , Verma S. R. 
Published: July 2021

— The fish Colisa fasciatus, Saccobranchus fossilis and Notopterus notopterus were exposed to phenol, pentachlorophenol and dinitrophenol at four pH levels, i. e. 4.6 + 0.12, 6.0±0.14, 7.3 ±0.10 and 8.8 ±0.13, to evaluate the effect of pH on the toxicity of these chemicals.— A change in pH from 7.3 ± 0.10 to 6.0 ± 0.14 increased toxicity to a certain degree while a change from 7.3 ± 0.10 to 4.6 ± 0.12 potentiated the toxicity of phenol, pentachlorophenol and dinitrophenol 5.05, 19.30 and 22.33 times, respectively for Notopterus notopterus, 3.59, 4.39 and 4.73 times, tespectively for Colisa fasciatus and 3.04, 4.68 and 5.85 times, respectively for Saccobranchus fossilis.— A change in pH from 7.3 ± 0.10 to 8.8 ± 0.13 has a protective effect on the toxicities.
Human health risk of mercury in street dust: A case study of children in the vicinity of compact fluorescence lamp factory, Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Phan Dinh Quang , Addai‐Arhin Sylvester , Jeong Huiho , Cahya Nugraha Willy , Viet Pham Hung , Tominaga Nobuaki , Ishibashi Yasuhiro , Arizono Koji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban dust has been contaminated with toxic heavy metals from various diffused sources. On August 28, 2019, the compact fluorescence lamp (CFL) factory that generates light for Rang Dong Light Source and Vacuum Flask in Hanoi City in Vietnam was accidentally fired. The assessment for Hg contamination and its human health impact 2 months after the incident was conducted in autumn 2019. The heavy Hg pollution is still found near CFL. Additionally, localized Hg pollution by air and wind direction was identified at sites in the northeast direction from CFL. Namely, in the area located downstream of the southwest monsoon wind, Hg had a trend higher than other directions. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) were evaluated by four routes of Hg exposure pathways. The HI values for children and adults in the most polluted site (Site 15) were 0.968 and 0.468, respectively. This meant that children who lived around this site and commuted to schools were the most at risk regarding the potential adverse health effects of Hg in street dust around the polluted areas. This study also showed that Hg levels were affected by wind direction and that the higher Hg levels in the most polluted sites resulted from the wind flow to the sites. This study revealed that street dust may be a useful tool for the assessment of human and environmental health.
Tranexamic acid‐loaded hemostatic nanoclay microsphere frameworks
Authors: Denry Isabelle , Nédélec Jean‐Marie , Holloway Julie A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFast acting topical hemostatic agents play a key role in hemorrhage control. Retarding fibrinolysis is also critical in improving coagulation, thereby expanding chances of survival. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the physical properties, loading capacity and hemostatic efficacy of newly developed nanoclay microsphere frameworks (NMFs) loaded with tranexamic acid (TA), as antifibrinolytic agent. Nanoclay compositions were prepared with increasing levels of TA. Results showed that TA was successfully incorporated into the nanoclay structure and released when solvated with ethanol. Both doped and undoped NMFs significantly decreased activated partial thromboplastin time and increased clot stiffness, which was attributed to significantly thinner fibrin fibers and a denser clot structure.