bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using logbook‐based catch‐rate data to detect yellow eel population trends in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Dorow Malte , Lewin Wolf‐Christian , Lill Dietmar , Ubl Claus , Frankowski Jens 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWithin recent years, a slight but significant increase of European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) recruitment has been documented, but it remains questionable whether or not the increased recruitment levels resulted in higher eel numbers at the regional scale. To detect the changes in yellow eel numbers, logbook data covering a 15‐year time series of catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from the German Baltic Sea were analysed. Monthly mean catch rates were calculated for two different size classes for two passive gears: fyke and stationary trap nets. Change‐point analysis was applied to discover changes in the catch data. After a period of decreasing or constant catch rates, the fyke net data indicated that yellow eel numbers increased slightly in recent years in the Baltic Sea. Besides increasing numbers of immigrating juvenile eels, other population dynamics or conservation efforts might have added to the observed positive stock trend.
Adsorption studies and effect of heat treatment on porous glass microspheres
Authors: Samad Sabrin A. , Arafat Abul , Ferrari Rebecca , Gomes Rachel L. , Lester Edward , Ahmed Ifty 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of heat treatment on porous glass microspheres produced via a novel flame spheroidization process, followed by exploring their suitability for dye removal from water. The effect of simple use of smaller porogen (≤5 µm) followed by heat treatment on the overall changes in textural and porosity profiles was quantified. Heat treatment was applied at different temperatures between 510°C and 540°C and cross‐sectional SEM and nitrogen adsorption–desorption confirmed pore sizes had narrowed significantly from microporous (55 ± 8 µm) to mesoporous to macroporous range (≥2 nm) yet retained their interconnectivity. This decrease in pore morphologies led to an increased specific surface area and pore volume (by 51%). In addition, dye separation studies were explored using anionic Acid Red 88 (AR88), utilizing batch and column adsorption experimental processes. This study showed that the heat‐treated microspheres achieved higher dye adsorption rates (i.e., 125 mg/g in batch adsorption studies, while column adsorption studies revealed 153 mg/g and 76 mg/g for flow rates 2.2 ml/min and 0.5 ml/min, respectively) in comparison with the nonheat‐treated microspheres. Furthermore, the dye separation profiles were achieved via electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid–base interaction, without any internal or external functionalization of the microspheres required.
Balancing the profit and capacity under uncertainties: a target‐based distributionally robust knapsack problem
Authors: Ding Jianpeng , Chen Liuxin , Ke Ginger Y. , Li Yuanbo , Zhang Lianmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a well‐developed optimization problem, the knapsack problem has been broadly applied in various fields involving resource allocations, especially production planning. In this paper, we propose a target‐based distributionally robust knapsack problem (TDRKP), considering both uncertain profit and capacity, as well as the impact of a given target for profit. Based on a shortfall risk measure and piecewise utility function, the violation risk of the target is investigated. To solve the model efficiently, TDRKP is reformulated into computationally tractable form as a second‐order conic program. Through a series of numerical experiments, we verify that the proposed TDRKP formulation performs better than both the sample average approximation model and the minimizing violation probabilities model.
Durability of a right superior pulmonary vein isolation after an inevitably interrupted single short freeze during cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Miyazaki Shinsuke , Hasegawa Kanae , Iesaka Yoshito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn cryoballoon ablation, applications for right superior pulmonary veins (RSPVs) inevitably need to be interrupted for some safety reasons. We retrospectively investigated the RSPV isolation durability after single interrupted short freezes.MethodsData from 30 patients who underwent repeat procedures 8.2 (4.1–13.8) months after an inevitably interrupted single short freeze (<180 s) for RSPVs during the index cryoballoon procedures were analyzed. It was interrupted by active deflation due to phrenic nerve injury (PNI) (Group 1: n = 14) or passive deflation due to a balloon temperature of −60°C (Group 2: n = 16).ResultsThe freezing time was 145 (107–166) and 142 (127–160) s and nadir balloon temperature −50.7 ± 3.6 and −60°C in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved after interrupted freezing in all except in one patient requiring touch‐up ablation in Group 1. All PNI was asymptomatic and recovered during the follow‐up. Eight/13 (61.5%) and 16/16 (100%) RSPVs were durable during the second procedure in Groups 1 and 2. In Group 1, the freezing time was significantly longer in durable than reconnected RSPVs (p = .032), and the optimal cutoff point for the freezing duration to predict the durability was 94.0 s (sensitivity 100%, specificity 60.0%). When the freezing time was ≥120 s, 80% of the RSPVs were durable. However, when the freezing time was ≤68 s, all RSPVs were reconnected.ConclusionsThe feasibility of second cryoapplications for RSPVs should be discussed considering the freezing time of the interrupted initial applications in Group 1, however, it was not necessary in Group 2.
The role of posterior wall isolation in catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Clarke John‐Ross D. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Friedman Daniel J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe left atrial posterior wall has many embryologic, anatomic, and electrophysiologic characteristics, that are important for the initiation and maintenance of persistent atrial fibrillation. The left atrial posterior wall is a potential target for ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, a population in whom pulmonary vein isolation alone has resulted in unsatisfactory recurrence rates. Published clinical studies report conflicting results on the safety and efficacy of posterior wall isolation. Emerging technologies including optimized use of radiofrequency ablation, pulse field ablation, and combined endocardial/epicardial ablation may optimize approaches to posterior wall isolation and reduce the risk of injury to nearby structures such as the esophagus. Critical evaluation of future and ongoing clinical studies of posterior wall isolation requires careful scrutiny of many characteristics, including intraprocedural definition of posterior wall isolation, concomitant extrapulmonary vein ablation, and study endpoints.
Spatial and temporal variability of rotational, focal, and irregular activity: Practical implications for mapping of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pope Michael TB , Kuklik Pawel , Briosa e Gala Andre , Leo Milena , Mahmoudi Michael , Paisey John , Betts Timothy R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCharge density mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF) reveals dynamic localized rotational activation (LRA), irregular activation (LIA) and focal firing (FF). Their spatial stability, conduction characteristics and the optimal duration of mapping required to reveal these phenomena and has not been explored.MethodsBi‐atrial mapping of AF propagation was undertaken using AcQMap (Acutus Medical) and variability of activation patterns quantified up to a duration of 30 s. The frequency of each pattern was quantified at each unique point of the chamber over two separate 30‐s recordings before ablation and R2 calculated to quantify spatial stability. Regions with the highest frequency were identified at increasing time durations and compared to the result over 30 s using Cohen's kappa. Properties of regions with the most stable patterns were assessed during sinus rhythm and extrastimulus pacing.ResultsIn 21 patients, 62 paired LA and RA maps were obtained. LIA was highly spatially stable with R2 between maps of 0.83 (0.71–0.88) compared to 0.39 (0.24–0.57), and 0.64 (0.54–0.73) for LRA and FF, respectively. LIA was most temporally stable with a kappa of >0.8 reached by 12 s. LRA showed greatest variability with kappa >0.8 only after 22 s. Regions of LIA were of normal voltage amplitude (1.09 mv) but showed increased conduction heterogeneity during extrastimulus pacing (p = .0480).ConclusionIrregular activation patterns characterized by changing wavefront direction are temporally and spatially stable in contrast with LRA that is transient with least spatial stability. Focal activation appears of intermediate stability. Regions of LIA show increased heterogeneity following extrastimulus pacing and may represent fixed anatomical substrate.
Using ensemble of ensemble machine learning methods to predict outcomes of cardiac resynchronization
Authors: Cai Cheng , Tafti Ahmad P. , Ngufor Che , Zhang Pei , Xiao Peilin , Dai Mingyan , Liu Hongfang , Noseworthy Peter , Chen Minglong , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been widely studied in the medical literature; however, about 30% of candidates fail to respond to this treatment strategy. Smart computational approaches based on clinical data can help expose hidden patterns useful for identifying CRT responders.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the electronic health records of 1664 patients who underwent CRT procedures from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2017. An ensemble of ensemble (EoE) machine learning (ML) system composed of a supervised and an unsupervised ML layers was developed to generate a prediction model for CRT response.ResultsWe compared the performance of EoE against traditional ML methods and the state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on raw electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms. We observed that the models exhibited improvement in performance as more features were incrementally used for training. Using the most comprehensive set of predictors, the performance of the EoE model in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and F1‐score were 0.76 and 0.73, respectively. Direct application of the CNN model on the raw ECG waveforms did not generate promising results.ConclusionThe proposed CRT risk calculator effectively discriminates which heart failure (HF) patient is likely to respond to CRT significantly better than using clinical guidelines and traditional ML methods, thus suggesting that the tool can enhanced care management of HF patients by helping to identify high‐risk patients.
Feeling like the sky is falling down: Experiences of parents of adolescents diagnosed with cancer in one‐child families in China – A qualitative study
Authors: Chen Huaying , He Qing , Zeng Yuanyuan , Wang Lei , Yu Huaqin , Yin Wenrong , Jiang Yan , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of the one‐child policy of 1979, today there are numerous one‐child families with adolescents in Mainland China. Little is known about the experiences of parents of such adolescents diagnosed with cancer.ObjectivesThis study explored the experiences of parents whose adolescent child was diagnosed with cancer in one‐child families in China.MethodsA qualitative methodology based on hermeneutic phenomenology was employed. The participants were parents of adolescent cancer patients in one‐child families. Data were collected using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and analysed using van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The COREQ checklist was used for this study.ResultsFourteen parents (eleven mothers, three fathers) participated in the study. One overarching theme emerged: feeling like the sky is falling down. In addition, there were five related themes: self‐condemnation; ‘white lies’ – that is, difficulty in telling the truth; struggling with a sense of collapse; fear of losing the child and hopelessness. Almost all the participants experienced insomnia after learning about the diagnosis. In a few cases, hopelessness‐induced suicidal ideation or even suicidal behaviour.ConclusionsParents of adolescents diagnosed with cancer in one‐child families in China experienced extremely painful emotions. The truth about their child's condition not only caused immense psychological trauma but also induced pessimism about their own future.Implications for clinical practiceThe experiences of parents in one‐child families where an adolescent child has been diagnosed with cancer should be taken seriously. In addition, support should be provided to help parents maintain a normal life and feel hopeful for their future.
Modeling consumer satisfaction to identify drivers for liking: An online survey based on images of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Peralta‐Cruz Claudia , Rodríguez‐Buenfil Ingrid Mayanin , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Cuervo‐Osorio Víctor Daniel , Oney‐Montalvo Julio Enrique , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés , Ramírez‐Sucre Manuel Octavio , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the impact of factors that influence consumer satisfaction (CSAT) and how emotions and sensory attributes are related to the consumer's preference for Habanero pepper. In Phase 1: A total of 202 Habanero pepper consumers responded to a structured survey to determine the influence of factors on satisfaction using the Partial Least Squares (PLS)‐Path modeling technique. In Phase 2: A total of 498 pepper consumers evaluated images of immature, intermediate‐ripened, and ripened Habanero peppers assigning emotions, sensory attributes, and liking level for each chili image. Results showed that the relationship between intrinsic, extrinsic quality, and consumer safety influenced CSAT. Immature and ripened chili peppers were most preferred. Immature chilies elicited calm, bored, tame, and mild emotions that were related to attributes green vegetable, fresh leaf, and crunchiness. Ripened Habanero peppers elicited emotions such as loving, pleasant, active, worried, satisfied, happy, guilty, wild, aggressive, and joyful that were related to attributes mouth heat, mouth hardness, mouth numbness, and pungency. Satisfaction of Habanero pepper consumers is influenced by safety, extrinsic and intrinsic quality which includes emotions and sensory aspects such as color and texture.Practical ApplicationsThe use of online questionnaires is an effective tool to collect data for the explanation of the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic factors from the consumer's point of view and for the evaluation of sensory attributes and emotions evoked through images of Habanero pepper. This makes it possible to identify different patterns of consumer liking levels that can be a key element in the generation of marketing strategies. Results from this research are important for the chili industry, producers, gastronomes and international and nationals' researchers dedicated to the production, processing, use, and research of the Habanero pepper.
Skin‐to‐skin contact to improve premature mothers' anxiety and stress state: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cong Shengnan , Wang Rui , Fan Xuemei , Song Xiaowei , Sha Lijuan , Zhu Zhu , Zhou Hui , Liu Ying , Zhang Aixia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPremature mothers present more anxiety and stress after delivery, which may be caused by mother–infant separation while hospitalised. Skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC), a mitigating factor for mother–infant separation, can benefit infants and mothers in many ways, but few studies focused on its efficacy on maternal anxiety and stress states. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effect of SSC on anxiety and stress. Comprehensive research was conducted in nine databases. Meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of SSC, and subgroup analyses were performed to explain the sources of heterogeneity. Eight randomised controlled trials with 728 participants were included, and SSC significantly reduced the level of anxiety ([standardised mean difference, SMD] −0.72; 95% CI −1.08 to −0.35) and stress state ([SMD] −0.84; 95% CI −1.59 to −0.09). One subgroup analysis revealed that SSC can relieve anxiety if performing SSC no less than 1 h per day ([SMD] −0.94; 95% CI −1.34 to −0.53). Another subgroup analysis suggested that applying SSC repeatedly and lasting less than 1 week ([SMD] −1.49; 95% CI −2.31 to −0.66) or for 1 week to 2 weeks ([SMD] −1.04; 95% CI −1.29 to −0.79) can significantly reduce maternal anxiety level but no significance if lasting over 2 weeks ([SMD] −0.33; 95% CI −0.67 to 0.01). SSC can effectively improve anxiety and stress states among premature mothers after delivery, and not definitive finding presents that only SSC that was performed no less than 60 min could improve postpartum anxiety states, while SSC alone was not as effective when carried out over 2 weeks.
Tooth development in the Early Devonian sarcopterygian Powichthys and the evolution of the crown osteichthyan dentition
Authors: King Benedict , Marone Federica , Rücklin Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn osteichthyans (bony fishes) the dentition is characterized by marginal tooth rows replaced by basal resorption. Basal resorption was present in the stem osteichthyan Andreolepis, which also possessed overgrowing tooth‐shaped odontodes, a possible intermediate state between external odontodes and teeth. Andreolepis, however, lacked the enlarged marginal tooth rows found in more advanced osteichthyans, and how these evolved from the stem osteichthyan condition is unknown. Here we present computed tomography and synchrotron‐based x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging of the jaws and teeth of the Early Devonian sarcopterygian Powichthys. We reveal the presence of fields of overgrowing tooth‐like odontodes, resembling the dentitions of stem‐group osteichthyans, alongside the marginal tooth row. In the inner dental arcade, we show a continuous variation between regions of tooth‐like and external odontode‐like replacement, apparently driven by variations in the relative rates of bone growth, odontode addition and odontode size. These results suggest that there is a degree of plasticity in oral odontode development. We propose that the tooth rows of crown osteichthyans develop in an essentially similar manner to the teeth of stem osteichthyans, with differences explained by increased resorption activity linked to the larger size of the teeth. Therefore, the external odontodes and teeth of both stem and crown osteichthyan lie on the same developmental continuum.
Editing homologous copies of an essential gene affords crop resistance against two cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogens
Authors: Zhang Xuekun , Cheng Jiasen , Lin Yang , Fu Yanping , Xie Jiatao , Li Bo , Bian Xuefeng , Feng Yanbo , Liang Weibo , Tang Qian , Zhang Hongxiang , Liu Xiaofan , Zhang Yu , Liu Changxing , Jiang Daohong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are typical necrotrophic pathogens that can attack more than 700 and 3000 plant species, respectively, and cause huge economic losses across numerous crops. In particular, the absence of resistant cultivars makes the stem rot because of S. sclerotiorum the major threat of rapeseed (Brassica napus) worldwide along with Botrytis. Previously, we identified an effector‐like protein (SsSSVP1) from S. sclerotiorum and a homologue of SsSSVP1 on B. cinerea genome and found that SsSSVP1 could interact with BnQCR8 of rapeseed, a subunit of the cytochrome b‐c1 complex. In this study, we found that BnQCR8 has eight homologous copies in rapeseed cultivar Westar and reduced the copy number of BnQCR8 using CRISPR/Cas9 to improve rapeseed resistance against S. sclerotiorum. Mutants with one or more copies of BnQCR8 edited showed strong resistance against S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. BnQCR8‐edited mutants did not show significant difference from Westar in terms of respiration and agronomic traits tested, including the plant shape, flowering time, silique size, seed number, thousand seed weight and seed oil content. These traits make it possible to use these mutants directly for commercial production. Our study highlights a common gene for breeding of rapeseed to unravel the key hindrance of rapeseed production caused by S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. In contrast to previously established methodologies, our findings provide a novel strategy to develop crops with high resistance against multiple pathogens by editing only a single gene that encodes the common target of pathogen effectors.
A genome‐wide analysis of the molecular alterations occurring in the adenomatous and carcinomatous components of the same tumor based on the adenoma–carcinoma sequence
Authors: Sugai Tamotsu , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Habano Wataru , Tanaka Yoshihito , Eizuka Makoto , Sugimoto Ryo , Yanagawa Naoki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdentification of molecular alterations occurring in the adenomatous and carcinomatous components within the same tumor would greatly enhance understanding of the neoplastic progression of colorectal cancer. We examined somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and mRNA expression at the corresponding loci involved in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence in the isolated adenomatous and cancer glands of the same tumor in 15 cases of microsatellite‐stable “carcinoma in adenoma,” using genome‐wide SNP and global gene expression arrays. Multiple copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity events were detected at 4q13.2, 15q15.1, and 14q24.3 in the adenomatous component and at 4q13.2, 15q15.1, and 14q24.3 in the carcinomatous component. There were significant differences in the copy number (CN) gain frequencies at 20q11.21–q13.33, 8q13.3, 8p23.1, and 8q21.2–q22.2 between the adenomatous and carcinomatous components. Finally, we found a high frequency of five genotypes involving CN gain with upregulated expression of the corresponding gene (RPS21, MIR3654, RSP20, SNORD54, or ASPH) in the carcinomatous component, whereas none of these genotypes were detected in the adenomatous component. This finding is interesting in that CN gain with upregulated gene expression may enhance gene function and play a crucial role in the progression of an adenoma into a carcinomatous lesion.
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
Authors: Stanik N. , Lampei C. , Rosenthal G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species Arnica montana may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought‐induced stress on A. montana seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits that could cause the species’ fitness to decline.

In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of A. montana seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above‐ and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.

Arnica montana seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.

Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of A. montana seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their association with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number are sensitive traits that can lead to a decline in performance.