bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Melatonin on Incretin Hormones: Results From Experimental and Randomized Clinical Studies
Authors: Lauritzen Esben Stistrup , Støy Julie , Bæch-Laursen Cecilie , Grarup Niels , Jessen Niels , Hansen Torben , Møller Niels , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Kampmann Ulla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
Glucose homeostasis is under circadian control through both endocrine and intracellular mechanisms, with several lines of evidence suggesting that melatonin affects glucose homeostasis.

Objective
To evaluate the acute in vivo and in situ effects of melatonin on secretion of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and their impact on β-cell insulin secretion.

Design
A human randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study combined with a confirmatory in situ study of perfused rat intestines.

Setting
Aarhus University Hospital.

Methods
Fifteen healthy male participants were examined 2 × 2 times: an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on day 1 and an isoglycemic IV glucose infusion replicating the blood glucose profile of the OGTT day was performed on day 2. These pairs of study days were repeated on treatment with melatonin and placebo, respectively. For the in situ study, 6 rat intestines and 4 rat pancreases were perfused arterially with perfusion buffer ± melatonin. The intestines were concomitantly perfused with glucose through the luminal compartment.

Results
In humans, melatonin treatment resulted in reduced GIP secretion compared with placebo (ANOVA P = 0.003), an effect also observed in the perfused rat intestines (ANOVA P = 0.003), in which GLP-1 secretion also was impaired by arterial melatonin infusion (ANOVA P &lt; 0.001). Despite a decrease in GIP levels, the in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaffected by melatonin (P = 0.78).

Conclusion
Melatonin reduced GIP secretion during an oral glucose challenge in healthy young men but did not affect insulin secretion. Reduced GIP secretion was confirmed in an in situ model of the rat intestine.
The routes of one-eyed ants suggest a revised model of normal route following
Authors: Woodgate Joseph L. , Perl Craig , Collett Thomas S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The prevailing account of visually controlled routes is that an ant learns views as it follows a route, while guided by other path-setting mechanisms. Once a set of route views is memorised, the insect follows the route by turning and moving forwards when the view on the retina matches a stored view. We engineered a situation in which this account cannot suffice in order to discover whether there may be additional components to the performance of routes. One-eyed wood ants were trained to navigate a short route in the laboratory, guided by a single black, vertical bar placed in the blinded visual field. Ants thus had to turn away from the route to see the bar. They often turned to look at or beyond the bar and then turned to face in the direction of the goal. Tests in which the bar was shifted to be more peripheral or more frontal than in training produced a corresponding directional change in the ants' paths, demonstrating that they were guided by the bar. Examination of the endpoints of turns towards and away from the bar indicate that ants use the bar for guidance by learning how large a turn-back is needed to face the goal. We suggest that the ants' zigzag paths are, in part, controlled by turns of a learnt amplitude and that these turns are an integral component of visually guided route following.
Associations between Hamstring Fatigue and Sprint Kinematics during a Simulated Football (Soccer) Match
Authors: WILMES ERIK , DE RUITER CORNELIS J. , BASTIAANSEN BRAM J. C. , GOEDHART EDWIN A. , BRINK MICHEL S. , VAN DER HELM FRANS C. T. , SAVELSBERGH GEERT J. P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Neuromuscular fatigue is considered to be important in the etiology of hamstring strain injuries in football. Fatigue is assumed to lead to decreases in hamstring contractile strength and changes in sprinting kinematics, which would increase hamstring strain injury risk. Therefore, the aim was to examine the effects of football-specific fatigue on hamstring maximal voluntary torque (MVT) and rate of torque development (RTD), in relation to alterations in sprinting kinematics.

Methods
Ten amateur football players executed a 90-min running-based football match simulation. Before and after every 15 min of simulated play, MVT and RTD of the hamstrings were obtained in addition to the performance and lower body kinematics during a 20-m maximal sprint. Linear mixed models and repeated measurement correlations were used to assess changes over time and common within participant associations between hamstring contractile properties and peak knee extension during the final part of the swing phase, peak hip flexion, peak combined knee extension and hip flexion, and peak joint angular velocities, respectively.

Results
Hamstring MVT and sprint performance were significantly reduced by 7.5% and 14.3% at the end of the football match simulation. Unexpectedly, there were no indications for reductions in RTD when MVT decrease was considered. Decreases in hamstring MVT were significantly correlated to decreases in peak knee angle (R = 0.342) and to increases in the peak combined angle (R = −0.251).

Conclusions
During a football match simulation, maximal voluntary isometric hamstring torque declines. This decline is related to greater peak knee extension and peak combined angle during sprint running, which indicates a reduced capacity of the hamstrings to decelerate the lower leg during sprint running with fatigue.
Ensino de História: a descolonização dos currículos, a formação docente e a ênfase à memória, história e identidade dos africanos e afro-brasileiros
Authors: Sousa Cleusa Teixeira 
Published: July 2021

Asações provocadas pelos movimentos sociais dos negros incitaram mudanças na sociedade brasileira, especialmente, a partir da criação do Teatro Experimental dos Negros no Rio de Janeiro (1944). Tais transformações influenciaram também o campo educacional, sobretudo, àquele relativo ao Ensino de História no ensino básico (com a introdução da cultura africana e afro-brasileira) e no universitário, dando origem a “novas” disciplinas como “História da Cultura Afro-brasileira e Indígena” e “Diversidades Culturais”. Deste modo, este artigo tem como objetivo tecer análises reflexivas sobre as mudanças no cenário do Ensino de História no Brasil, especialmente a partir da implementação das leis 10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008, que confluíram para a obrigatoriedade do ensino das diversidades étnicas, africanas, afro-brasileiras e indígenas, as quais passaram a ser contempladas no currículo escolar e nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais (DCNERER), tanto no ensino básico, quanto no superior. Assim, trataremos das lutas que corroboraram para a mudança da legislação, incitando o resgate da memória, história e identidade desses povos. Pois, a emergência das leis, bem como das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais, decorre das lutas dos movimentos negros, intelectuais e acadêmicos em favor do exercício da educação antirracista pautada no resgate da história da matriz africana no Brasil, propiciando o processo de descolonização dos currículos e da história e memória afro-brasileira.
Experiências e reflexões sobre a prática docente Anti/Contra/Decolonial no ensino da História na escola pública e suas relações com o Museu da Maré como uma ferramenta pedagógica da Educação Popular
Authors: Manço de Souza Francisco Overlande , Rodrigues Pereira da Silva Noélia , Salustriano da Silva Humberto 
Published: July 2021

O artigo trata da experiência de prática docente decolonial em turmas do ensino médio em escolas da rede pública do estado do Rio de Janeiro tendo como proposta pedagógica a utilização do Museu da Maré como exemplo de pedagogia Anti/Contra/Decolonial que pode ser usada em sala de aula como forma de contrapor uma historiografia tradicional eurocentrada. A experiência museológica e epistemológica do Museu da Maré nos oferece subsídios didáticos para uma historiografia alinhada aos grupos subalternizados, quando utiliza em suas práticas elementos da Educação Popular, alinhados ao da Anti/Contra/Decolonialidade.
Maíra Azevedo: uma influenciadora digital na rede ciberaxé
Authors: Conceição Lúcio André Andrade da 
Published: July 2021

O artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa sobre a rede ciberaxé, que representa a rede de conteúdos sobre universo religioso afro-diaspórico, que circula no ciberespaço, através de diferentes plataformas digitais. O texto estuda uma representante dessa rede, Maira Azevedo, a Tia Má, influenciadora digital com notoriedade em várias plataformas virtuais, discutindo temas relacionados ao candomblé, mulher negra, dentre outros. Para realizar este estudo foi utilizado publicações suas postadas no facebook e uma entrevista semi-estruturada feita com ela. Para suporte nas análises os conceitos de virtualidade e subjetividade são acionados em diálogo com a compreensão teórica de Exu sob duas perspectivas: uma enquanto símbolo que representa a comunicação via ciberespaço, como sendo “boca que tudo come”; a outra como fragmentos de pensamento de um coletivo e tradutor de uma compreensão de mundo fora dos cânones ocidentais.
Exámenes europeos. Unión Europea de Médicos Especialistas (UEMS). Sección de Medicina del Trabajo de la UEMS
Authors: Rodríguez-Jareño Maria Cruz 
Published: July 2021

La sección de Medicina del Trabajo de la Unión Europea de Médicos Especialistas (UEMS) lleva años trabajando en la puesta en marcha del examen europeo de Medicina del Trabajo de la UEMS por considerarlo beneficioso para los residentes y los países participantes, y para la propia especialidad de Medicina del Trabajo como marca de excelencia.
La fecha fijada para el examen europeo de la especialidad es el 30 de Agosto de 2021. El examen lo puede realizar cualquier especialista en Medicina del Trabajo, pero está especialmente dirigido a residentes de último año o que han terminado recientemente la especialidad.
En la página web de la Sección de Medicina del Trabajo de la UEMS (http://www.uems-occupationalmedicine.org) se puede encontrar la bibliografía recomendada para preparar el examen, así como otra información detallada sobre inscripción, tasas de examen y alojamiento en Bruselas, sitio donde se realiza presencialmente la prueba.
Reconocimiento de la COVID-19 como enfermedad profesional y su repercusión en diferentes colectivos profesionales
Authors: Agún Juan José , Aguilar Raúl 
Published: July 2021

En la notificación nº 366 “Enfermedad de Coronavirus” publicada por el Ministerio de Sanidad en fecha 03/05/2021, con los datos individualizados notificados por las CCAA a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (al sistema SiViEs), se indica que están notificados en España 3 540 430 casos de COVID-19 de los cuales 78 293 son fallecidos. Del total de casos notificados, corresponden al personal sanitario y sociosanitario unos 80 065 (2.26%) casos de COVID-19 notificados con diagnóstico posterior al 10 de mayo de 2020, siendo significativamente mayor el porcentaje entre las mujeres (77.95% o 62 416 casos) que entre los hombres (21.95% o 17 582 casos). Además, a la cifra de 80.065 casos se deben sumar un total de 35.548 casos declarados desde el inicio de la pandemia hasta el 7/05/2020(3), obteniendo una cifra total de 115 613 casos notificados de COVID-19 en personal sanitario.
Single-photon vibrometry
Authors: Rehain Patrick , Ramanathan Jeevanandha , Sua Yong Meng , Zhu Shenyu , Tafone Daniel , Huang Yu-Ping 
Published: July 2021

We propose and demonstrate a single-photon sensitive technique for optical vibrometry. It uses high speed photon counting to sample the modulated backscattering from a vibrating target. Designed for remote vibration sensing with ultralow photon flux, we show that this technique can detect small displacements down to 110 nm and resolve vibration frequencies from DC up to several kilohertz, with

≤
0.01

detected photons per pulse. This single-photon sensitive optical vibrometry may find important applications in acousto-optic sensing and imaging, especially in photon-starved environments.
Data integration uncovers the metabolic bases of phenotypic variation in yeast
Authors: Petrizzelli Marianyela Sabina , de Vienne Dominique , Nidelet Thibault , Noûs Camille , Dillmann Christine 
Published: July 2021

The relationship between different levels of integration is a key feature for understanding the genotype-phenotype map. Here, we describe a novel method of integrated data analysis that incorporates protein abundance data into constraint-based modeling to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation. Specifically, we studied yeast genetic diversity at three levels of phenotypic complexity in a population of yeast obtained by pairwise crosses of eleven strains belonging to two species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. uvarum. The data included protein abundances, integrated traits (life-history/fermentation) and computational estimates of metabolic fluxes. Results highlighted that the negative correlation between production traits such as population carrying capacity (K) and traits associated with growth and fermentation rates (Jmax) is explained by a differential usage of energy production pathways: a high K was associated with high TCA fluxes, while a high Jmax was associated with high glycolytic fluxes. Enrichment analysis of protein sets confirmed our results.
This powerful approach allowed us to identify the molecular and metabolic bases of integrated trait variation, and therefore has a broad applicability domain.
Low-level Plasmodium vivax exposure, maternal antibodies, and anemia in early childhood: Population-based birth cohort study in Amazonian Brazil
Authors: Pincelli Anaclara , Cardoso Marly A. , Malta Maíra B. , Johansen Igor C. , Corder Rodrigo M. , Nicolete Vanessa C. , Soares Irene S. , Castro Marcia C. , Ferreira Marcelo U. ,   on behalf of the MINA-Brazil Study Working Group
Published: July 2021

Background
Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. Neonates and young infants remain relatively protected from clinical disease and the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies is hypothesized as one of the protective factors. The adverse health effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in early childhood–traditionally viewed as a benign infection–remain largely neglected in relatively low-endemicity settings across the Amazon.

Methodology/Principal findings
Overall, 1,539 children participating in a birth cohort study in the main transmission hotspot of Amazonian Brazil had a questionnaire administered, and blood sampled at the two-year follow-up visit. Only 7.1% of them experienced malaria confirmed by microscopy during their first 2 years of life– 89.1% of the infections were caused by P. vivax. Young infants appear to be little exposed to, or largely protected from infection, but children >12 months of age become as vulnerable to vivax malaria as their mothers. Few (1.4%) children experienced ≥4 infections during the 2-year follow-up, accounting for 43.4% of the overall malaria burden among study participants. Antenatal malaria diagnosed by microscopy during pregnancy or by PCR at delivery emerged as a significant correlate of subsequent risk of P. vivax infection in the offspring (incidence rate ratio, 2.58; P = 0.002), after adjusting for local transmission intensity. Anti-P. vivax antibodies measured at delivery do not protect mothers from subsequent malaria; whether maternal antibodies transferred to the fetus reduce early malaria risk in children remains undetermined. Finally, recent and repeated vivax malaria episodes in early childhood are associated with increased risk of anemia at the age of 2 years in this relatively low-endemicity setting.

Conclusions/Significance
Antenatal infection increases the risk of vivax malaria in the offspring and repeated childhood P. vivax infections are associated with anemia at the age of 2 years.
Managing occupational health among goldminers in Ghana: Modelling the likelihood of experiencing occupational related health problems
Authors: Aram Simon Appah 
Published: July 2021

Background
The importance of goldmining to Ghana’s development cannot be overestimated. However, the associated morbidities and mortalities resulting from occupational exposure to health hazards and the general cost associated with it is critical. In managing occupational health, a simple comprehension of the main determinants of the problem is required.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 504 goldminers was fitted to a nested binary logistic regression model to evaluate the independent effect of subsector departments, compositional attributes, contextual factors and working conditions on goldminers’ likelihood of experiencing occupational related health problems.

Results
Subsector department was robust and persisted in predicting experiencing occupational related health problems in all three models. Goldminers who were in artisanal small scale (ASM) non-production, large scale (LSM) production and LSM non-production were less likely to experience occupational related health problems as compared to their counterparts in ASM production. For the compositional factors, female goldminers were more likely to experience occupational related health problems as compared to their male co-workers. Goldminers who were married and also older miners were more likely to experience occupational related health problems as compared to the unmarried and the relatively younger goldminers. At the contextual level, miners who worked on shift-based schedule and also miners who lived close to mine sites were more likely to experience occupational related health problems. Among the working conditions, goldminers who worked in good health conditions were less likely to experience occupational related health problems. Surprisingly, goldminers who rated their safety conditions as good were more likely to experience occupational related health problems.

Conclusion
Gold miners are exposed to different health risk scenarios across subsectors and departments. These conditions need critical attention and action from industry stakeholders. Programs that promote self-care culture should be promoted, especially in the ASM subsector. PPE’s could be relied on for protection in the mining industry but they should be the last line of defense and not to replace preventive measures and actions.
Designing an intelligent monitoring system for corn seeding by machine vision and Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation algorithm under precision positioning
Authors: Ji Jiangtao , Sang Yayuan , He Zhitao , Jin Xin , Wang Shengsheng 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To realize the regulation of the position of corn seed planting in precision farming, an intelligent monitoring system is designed for corn seeding based on machine vision and the Genetic Algorithm-optimized Back Propagation (GABP) algorithm.

Methods
Based on the research on precision positioning seeding technology, comprehensive application of sensors, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers, and other technologies, combined with modern optimization algorithms, the online dynamic calibration controls of line spacing and plant spacing are implemented. Based on the machine vision and GABP algorithm, a test platform for the seeding effect detection system is designed to provide a reference for further precision seeding operations. GA can obtain better initial network weights and thresholds and find the optimal individual through selection, crossover, and mutation operations; that is, the optimal initial weight of the Back Propagation (BP) neural network. Field experiments verify the seeding performance of the precision corn planter and the accuracy of the seeding monitoring system.

Results
1. The deviation between the average value of the six precision positioning seeding experiments of corn under the random disturbance signal and the ideal value of the distance is less than or equal to 0.5 cm; the deviation between the average value of the six precision positioning seeding experiments of corn under the sine wave disturbance signal (1 Hz) is less than or equal to 0.4 cm; the qualified rate of grain distance reaches 100%. 2. The precision control index, replay index, and missed index of the designed corn precision seeding intelligent control system have all reached the national standard. During the operation of the seeder, an alarm of the seeder leaking occurred, and the buzzer sounded and the screen displayed 100 times each; therefore, the reliability of the alarm system is 100%.

Conclusion
The intelligent corn seeder designed based on precision positioning seeding technology can reduce the seeding rate of the seeder and ensure the stability of the seed spacing effectively. Based on the machine vision and GABP algorithm, the seeding effect detection system can provide a reference for the further realization of precision seeding operations.
Relation of prior statin and anti-hypertensive use to severity of disease among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: Findings from the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
Authors: Daniels Lori B. , Ren Junting , Kumar Kris , Bui Quan M. , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xinlian , Sawan Mariem A. , Eisen Howard , Longhurst Christopher A. , Messer Karen 
Published: July 2021

Background
Statins have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that may reduce the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which organ dysfunction is mediated by severe inflammation. Large studies with diverse populations evaluating statin use and outcomes in COVID-19 are lacking.

Methods and results
We used data from 10,541 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through September 2020 at 104 US hospitals enrolled in the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Registry to evaluate the associations between statin use and outcomes. Prior to admission, 42% of subjects (n = 4,449) used statins (7% on statins alone, 35% on statins plus anti-hypertensives). Death (or discharge to hospice) occurred in 2,212 subjects (21%). Outpatient use of statins, either alone or with anti-hypertensives, was associated with a reduced risk of death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.59, 95% CI 0.50–0.69), adjusting for demographic characteristics, insurance status, hospital site, and concurrent medications by logistic regression. In propensity-matched analyses, use of statins and/or anti-hypertensives was associated with a reduced risk of death among those with a history of CVD and/or hypertension (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.81). An observed 16% reduction in odds of death among those without CVD and/or hypertension was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Patients taking statins prior to hospitalization for COVID-19 had substantially lower odds of death, primarily among individuals with a history of CVD and/or hypertension. These observations support the continuation and aggressive initiation of statin and anti-hypertensive therapies among patients at risk for COVID-19, if these treatments are indicated based upon underlying medical conditions.