bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer (FORCAsT) 2.0: model updates and evaluation with observations at a mixed forest site
Authors: Wei Dandan , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Millet Dylan B. , Bottorff Brandon , Lew Michelle , Stevens Philip S. , Shutter Joshua D. , Cox Joshua L. , Keutsch Frank N. , Shi Qianwen , Kavassalis Sarah C. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Vasquez Krystal T. , Allen Hannah M. , Praske Eric , Crounse John D. , Wennberg Paul O. , Shepson Paul B. , Bui Alexander A. T. , Wallace Henry W. , Griffin Robert J. , May Nathaniel W. , Connor Megan , Slade Jonathan H. , Pratt Kerri A. , Wood Ezra C. , Rollings Mathew , Deming Benjamin L. , Anderson Daniel C. , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The FORCAsT (FORest Canopy Atmosphere Transfer) model version 1.0 is updated to FORCAsT 2.0 by implementing five major changes, including (1) a change to the operator splitting, separating chemistry from emission and dry deposition, which reduces the run time of the gas-phase chemistry by 70 % and produces a more realistic in-canopy profile for isoprene; (2) a modification of the eddy diffusivity parameterization to produce greater and more realistic vertical mixing in the boundary layer, which ameliorates the unrealistic simulated end-of-day peaks in isoprene under well-mixed conditions and improves daytime air temperature; (3) updates to dry deposition velocities with available measurements; (4) implementation of the Reduced Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (RCIM) to reflect the current knowledge of isoprene oxidation; and (5) extension of the aerosol module to include isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) formation. Along with the operator splitting, modified vertical mixing, and dry deposition, RCIM improves the estimation of first-generation isoprene oxidation products (methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein) and some second-generation products (such as isoprene epoxydiols). Inclusion of isoprene in the aerosol module in FORCAsT 2.0 leads to a 7 % mass yield of iSOA. The most important iSOA precursors are IEPOX and tetrafunctionals, which together account for >86 % of total iSOA. The iSOA formed from organic nitrates is more important in the canopy, accounting for 11 % of the total iSOA. The tetrafunctionals compose up to 23 % of the total iSOA formation, highlighting the importance of the fate (i.e., dry deposition and gas-phase chemistry) of later-generation isoprene oxidation products in estimating iSOA formation.
METHODS AND SEQUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS CONDUCTING OF THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF AN ECONOMIC ENTITY
Authors: Levanova E.Yu. , Danilova N.L. , Khusainova A.S. 
Published: October 2021

Financial stability, on the one hand, is a criterion of the financial position of the organization at the moment, and on the other hand, it allows you to assess the prospects for business development, its stability in the future. It is also the main indicator of the effectiveness of financial and economic activities, the implementation of management decisions. The sequence of economic and statistical analysis of financial stability should be built in such a way that users can get an objective impression of the prospects for the development of the organization, take measures to strengthen financial stability, adjust its level, assess the risks of investing in the enterprise and its lending.
The article considers and summarizes the methods and approaches used in the process of conducting an economic and statistical analysis of the stability of the financial situation of an economic entity. The sequence of the analysis of financial stability indicators is given, their interrelation and the effectiveness of economic and statistical analysis are revealed.
Investimentos em TI: os bancos brasileiros divulgam estes investimentos?
Authors: Aranda da Rocha Branco Acantara Alves Aline Thatyana , Verardi Galegale Napoleão , Almeida Santos Fernando 
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo, identificar se os bancos têm efetuado disclosure de seus investimentos em TI aos investidores. Para isso foram analisadas as Notas Explicativas dos 25 bancos listados na bolsa de valores oficial do Brasil (B3) entre os anos de 2013 e 2017 para verificar se os bancos divulgaram seus investimentos em TI como ativos imobilizados e ativos intangíveis. O resultado obtido foi que 76% realizaram disclosure dos seus investimentos em TI em todas as Notas Explicativas dos anos analisados, como ativos imobilizados e ativos intangíveis e que não utilizaram uma nomenclatura padrão para estas divulgações. Este trabalho contribui para que o mercado identifique o quanto é destacado os investimentos em TI e melhorar as suas práticas, pois estas informações são relevantes para a análise de analistas e investidores. Também contribui com os investidores pois demonstra que 76% das instituições financeiras listadas na B3 estão realizando as divulgações destes investimentos além de contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna existente pela falta de artigos acadêmicos sobre este tema.
Who are they to say? Experiences and legal recognition of victimhood of enforced disappearance in Colombia and El Salvador
Authors: Favre Pamel , Rauschenbach Mina Caren , Jimenez Alejandro , Coralli Ana Srovin , Webster Bronwen , Ott Lisa 
Published: October 2021

Enforced disappearance (ED) not only affects the persons who are deprived of their liberty, but also their next of kin who do not know what happened to their loved one. Their suffering of not knowing has been coined as “ambiguous loss” within psycho-social scholarship and is regarded in law as a form of inhumane treatment which violates the prohibition of torture. ED is attached to a complex experience of victimhood in victims they struggle for social and political recognition of the injustices they suffered. Using the social science notions of “victimhood” and “recognition” on one hand, and the legal perspectives on the other hand, we address the knowledge gap remaining regarding the interactions of the two viewpoints on the issue of ED. For this paper, we carried out a multidisciplinary analysis of the iterative relationship between both perspectives looking at the historical development of the legal landscape and interviewing victims and search actors in the cases of Colombia and El Salvador. We aim to understand the meanings of recognition and victimhood for victims in Colombia and El Salvador against the backdrop of the legal frameworks and state responses they are subjected to. This analysis offers us also valuable insight into victims’ agency and the meanings they afford to victimhood, as well as how political and social constructions of victimhood may facilitate or hinder victims’ struggles for truth and justice.
Effects of grazing intensity on forage nutritive value of dominant grass species in Borana rangelands of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Fenetahun Yeneayehu , You Yuan , Fentahun Tihunie , Xinwen Xu , Yong-dong Wang 
Published: October 2021

Background
Forage nutritive value analysis is an essential indicator of rangeland status regarding degradation and livestock nutrient demand. Thus, it is used to maintain healthy and sustainable rangelands that can provide the livestock with sufficient quantity and quality of forage. This study is conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of grazing intensity combined with seasonal variation on the nutritive values of dominant grass species in the Teltele rangeland.

Methods
The studied area is classified into no-grazed, moderately grazed, and overgrazed plots based on the estimated potential carrying capacity. Sampling data is collected during both rainy and dry seasons. The collected forage samples are analyzed for concentrations of crude protein (CP), acid detergent organic fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), ash, dry matter digestibility (DMD), potential dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed/forage value (RFV).

Results
The results show significant (P < 0.05) effects of both grazing intensity and season to grazing intensity interactions on all forage nutrient content concentrations across all grass species both within and between treatments. The recorded CP concentrations of all grass species are high in the overgrazed site and low at the no-grazed site, while the fiber concentration is high in NG and low in OG. RFV data also varies greatly, with high value recorded in OG in the rainy season and low value found in NG mainly during the dry season. As a result, it is recommended that moderate grazing should be practiced on the study site to maintain the quality and quantity of forage and to manage it in a sustainable manner.
Development of a novel embryonic germline gene-related prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Linjun , Xu Ke , Zhou Yubai 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEmerging evidence implicates the correlation of embryonic germline genes with the tumor progress and patient’s outcome. However, the prognostic value of these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully studied. Here we systematically evaluated this issue, and constructed a novel signature and a nomogram associated with embryonic germline genes for predicting the outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe LUAD cohorts retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as training set and testing set, respectively. The embryonic germline genes were downloaded from the websitehttps://venn.lodder.dev. Then, the differentially expressed embryonic germline genes (DEGGs) between the tumor and normal samples were identified by limma package. The functional enrichment and pathway analyses were also performed by clusterProfiler package. The prognostic model was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression method. Survival and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to validate the model using training set and four testing GEO datasets. Finally, a prognostic nomogram based on the signature genes was constructed using multivariate regression method.ResultsAmong the identified 269 DEGGs, 249 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that these DEGGs were mainly enriched in the process of cell proliferation and DNA damage repair. Then, 103 DEGGs with prognostic value were identified by univariate Cox regression and further filtered by LASSO method. The resulting sixteen DEGGs were included in step multivariate Cox regression and an eleven embryonic germline gene related signature (EGRS) was constructed. The model could robustly stratify the LUAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in both training and testing sets, and low-risk patients had much better outcomes. The multi-ROC analysis also showed that the EGRS model had the best predictive efficacy compared with other common clinicopathological factors. The EGRS model also showed robust predictive ability in four independent external datasets, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.726 (GSE30219), 0.764 (GSE50081), 0.657 (GSE37745) and 0.668 (GSE72094). More importantly, the expression level of some genes in EGRS has a significant correlation with the progression of LUAD clinicopathology, suggesting these genes might play an important role in the progression of LUAD. Finally, based on EGRS genes, we built and calibrated a nomogram for conveniently evaluating patients’ outcomes.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Spiny Brinjal (Solanum melongina L.) Var VRM (Br)-1
Authors: Kumar S. Nantha , Vijay Vidhya Mhaddalkar Tejas , Rathika K. 
Published: October 2021

Background: An experiment on “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Spiny Brinjal (Solanum melongina L.) var. VRM (Br)-1” were conducted at Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College farm, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu.
Methods: Eleven treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., T1-RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.), T2– FYM (25 t/ ha.), T3- Humic acid (20 kg/ha.), T4- RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.) +FYM @25 t/ ha, T5- Humic acid (20 kg/ha.) + RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.), T6- Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.), T7- Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.), T8- Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.), T9 – 75% RDF of N (75 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of P&K (50:30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.), T10 - 75% RDF of P (37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of N&K (100:30 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.) and T11 - 75% RDF of N & P (75:37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of K (30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (kg/ha.) replicated thrice in Randomised block design.
Results: The various treatments of integrated nutrient managementin spiny brinjalclearly showed that growth and yield attributes were high in T11.The economic assessment of different treatments revealed that maximum net profit Rs.2,16,570/ha.with benefit cost ratio (2.60) was also recorded in treatment T11 75% RDF of N & P (75:37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of K (30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum(2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (kg/ha.).
Response of Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) for Calcium Nutrition: Growth, Root Traits and SPAD Index
Authors: Santhosh S. Salma , Chitdeshwari T. , Jegadeeswari D. , Kavitha C. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various sources and levels of calcium fertilisation in improving the growth and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages.
Study Design: Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Devarayapuram village, Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore from January to April, 2021.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) Shivam by using various organic and inorganic calcium sources viz., calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium silicate, poultry manure and pressmud applied at different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg Ca ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height, root length, lateral root length, root volume and SPAD index were recorded as per standard protocols at different plant growth stages.
Results: A linear increase in the plant growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato was noted by the addition of organic and inorganic sources of calcium and the highest values were observed with the application of 80 kg Ca ha-1. Higher plant height (93.8 cm), root length (16.8 cm), lateral root length (13.3 g cc-1) and SPAD index (62.0) was registered with poultry manure applied at 80 kg Ca ha-1 which was followed by pressmud applied at the same level. Skipping of calcium in the fertiliser schedule registered the lowest growth response of hybrid tomato at all the growth stages.
Conclusion: Inorganic Ca fertiliser sources though improved the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages, and it was comparatively lesser than the organic sources such as poultry manure and pressmud as calcium sources. The order of better growth performance was: Poultry manure > Pressmud > Ca silicate > Ca Nitrate > Ca sulphate. The lowest values of all the growth attributes were noted with NPK control. It was concluded that application of poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1 would be effective in improving the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato.
Co-Relation of Ocular Fundus Changes and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Its Foetal Outcomes
Authors: Kandeel Mohmed , El-Sobky Hoda , Shalah Ahmed , A. Amin Essam 
Published: October 2021

Background: Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a stigmatizing condition in obstetrics and a significant cause of maternal and neonatal death. It is a kind of pregnancy-related hypertension that develops after 20th week of pregnancy with no presence of other reasons of high blood pressure.
Objectives: To study the relation between grades of ocular fundus changes& degree of features severity of pregnancy induced hypertension and its maternal and foetal outcomes.
Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective observational follow up study, the research lasted about 16 months and included 121 pregnant women diagnosed with PIH. Ocular examinations were performed using a direct ophthalmoscope, a slit lamp and grades of retinopathy were recorded and linked to the severity of PIH and its consequences. The data were analyzed statistically.
Results: Results of the study revealed that most of the patients 62% had no abnormal fundus changes while 29.8% of the patients were grade I retinopathy and 7.4% of the patients were grade II retinopathy & There was significant difference between grades of retinopathy and degree of features of severity of PIH & some of its important maternal & foetal outcomes.
Conclusion: Grades of ocular fundus alterations are associated with the severity of PIH's characteristics and are predictive of maternal and fetal comorbidity.
Determination of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction Fusion using Pedicle Screw Versus Hook Plus Screw Pedicle Instrumentation
Authors: Nodushan Mohamad Hossein Tabatabaei , Andalib Ali , Etemadifar Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Spinal instrumentation in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (AIS) aims to correct spinal deformity, and maintain spinal stability. Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a relatively common postoperative complication. Posterior-only fusion using diverse instruments such as pedicle screw and hybrid hook plus screw is favored to correct spinal deformity. The current study aims to compare PJK incidence between pedicle screw versus hybrid hook plus screw.
Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial has been conducted on 71 AIS patients undergone posterior-only spinal deformity fusion using pedicle screw only (n=42) or hook plus pedicle (n=29) implantation in 2015-20. The proximal thoracic (PT), main thoracic (MT), T5-T12 sagittal Cobb angles and proximal junctional angle (PJA) were evaluated through radiographies taken at baseline, immediately postoperative, within 6 and 18 months. PJK was defined as PJA >10 degrees.
Results: Using both pedicle screw only and hook plus pedicle have led to significant improvement in MT, PT, PJA and T5-T12 angles (P-value<0.05); however, the two groups were not statistically different (P-value>0.05). Seventeen cases (23.9%) presented PJK among which 11 (26.2%) and 6 (20.7%) ones were in the predicle screw versus hook plus screw implantation groups, respectively (P-value=0.54). The comparison of PJA and T5-T12 Cobb angles revealed significant difference between the PJK versus non-PJK cases (P-value<0.05).
Conclusion: AIS instrumentation was accompanied by satisfying outcomes using pedicle screw or hook plus screw. However, none of the applied instruments was superior over the other; PJK occurred in fewer cases undergone posterior-only approach of AIS correctional surgery using hook and screw.
Limiron Granules for Iron Deficiency Anemia in School going Children
Authors: Swapnil C. R. , Toshikhane Hemant , Taklikar Shreehari 
Published: October 2021

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is leading cause of the health derangements in school going children of India. Supplementation with iron preparation has been the integral part of our primary health policies still prevalence of childhood IDA is alarmingly high even though nationwide national program and policies are implemented by GOI. Ayurveda traditional system of medicine defines the different herbo-mineral combination to treat IDA. Limiron Granules (LG) the proprietary Ayurveda medicine developed by SG Phyto Pharma Private Limited, Kolhapur Maharashtra India is used in this clinical trial for the management of childhood IDA.
Aim: Clinical trial to evaluate the role of Limiron granule in children with IDA.
Methods: Single arm Phase 3 clinical trial of this medicine has been carried out at Parul Ayurveda Hospital, Limda Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Total 104 children were enrolled in this study from rural and urban sector of Vadodara, Gujarat. Limiron granules were administered for 90 days and results were observed.
Observation and Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.01) results were obtain in subjective parameters of IDA like Pallor, fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis etc. while statistically significant result were observed in blood indices like MCH, MCH, MCHC with average increment of Hb 3 g/dL and increment in Sr. Iron level.
Discussion and Conclusion: A Limiron granule is herbomineral combination containing iron in Fe2O3 form with Calcium in hydrate form, and natural phytosteroids. All these drugs help to promote the growth and improving the blood indices in children with IDA.
Memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered control for networked interval type‐2 fuzzy systems subject to DoS attacks
Authors: Li Xiehuan , Ye Dan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn this article, the memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered controller design issue is investigated for networked interval type‐2 (IT2) fuzzy systems under non‐periodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. For saving limited network bandwidth, a novel memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) is proposed to schedule data communication. Unlike existing event‐triggered generators, the developed memory‐based DETM can utilize a series of newly released signals and further save network resources by introducing interval dynamic variables. Moreover, to improve design flexibility, an IT2 fuzzy controller with freely selectable fuzzy rule number and premise membership functions (MFs) is synthesized. Then, a new switched time‐delay system with imperfectly matched MFs is established under the consideration of memory‐based DETM and DoS attacks simultaneously. Besides, based on the property of MFs, the boundary information of membership grades and slack matrices are introduced in the stability analysis. Furthermore, by using a piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii method, membership‐functions‐dependent criteria are deduced to ensure the asymptotic stability of built fuzzy switched systems. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control strategies is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Fabric‐Assisted MXene/Silicone Nanocomposite‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sensors and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Salauddin Md , Rana S. M. Sohel , Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Cho Hyunok , Lee Sang Hyun , Park Chani , Shrestha Kumar , Sharma Sudeep , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurface modification of triboelectric negative layers is an essential factor for boosting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, a novel scalable surface modification method is introduced using a fabric‐assisted micropatterning technique on a highly negative MXene/silicone nanocomposite surface (charge generating) with MXene layer (charge trapping) for self‐powered sensors and wearable electronics. The microstructured surface is fabricated directly from a fabric template requiring no surface‐active agent, high‐pressure equipment, or high vacuum. To boost the proposed double‐side‐contact TENG (DSC‐TENG) output performance, different parameters of the fabric textures are tested and optimized for the roughened microstructures, namely the MXene layer and relative humidity. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated DSC‐TENG improves the voltage and peak current density by factors of 9.8 and 20, respectively, regarding flat silicone. It exhibits a maximum peak power density of 55.47 W m−2 at load resistance of 0.18 MΩ, and a corresponding decrease in resistance by 75% using MXene content of 3 mg cm−2. Also, DSC‐TENG‐based smart home control of electrical appliances, theft protection, self‐powered electronic devices, password authentication, and human motion monitoring via smartphone for the IoT are demonstrated. The proposed method can be implemented for different types of polymers, thereby enabling the large‐scale fabrication of high‐performance TENGs in industrial applications.