bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the limits of color accuracy in technical photography
Authors: Kirchner Eric , van Wijk Carola , van Beek Henni , Koster Tammo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The growing importance of publishing art collections online has led to increasingly strict tolerances on digital photography of art objects. There are two internationally recognized sets of guidelines for creating high-quality digital images, Metamorfoze and FADGI. These guidelines require using sets of standardized color patches in museal photography. The X-Rite ColorChecker SG chart with 140 color patches is often used. Recent studies showed that even in standardized conditions it is often difficult to satisfy the strictest guidelines on color accuracy for camera profiling, with no indications for improvements. We report results of our investigation into the bottlenecks in achieving high color accuracy. We show that a large part of the color deviations originates from the 15 black color patches of the ColorChecker SG chart. These patches have a large impact on the average color deviation and the maximum color deviation that are the performance measures for color accuracy in the FADGI and Metamorfoze guidelines. We show that spectrophotometer measurements for the black patches produce color deviations dE(CIE 1976) ranging from 3.7 to 5.2 with respect to reference data, making it impossible to meet the strictest Metamorfoze guidelines. The black patches push the average color difference CIEDE2000 from 0.59 to 0.82 with respect to reference data already when using spectrophotometer data. Since the strictest FADGI guidelines prescribe an average CIEDE2000 = 2.0, this leaves little tolerance for errors due to lighting and camera profile. Our results indicate that the common practice of manually tweaking camera profiles until software suggests sufficient color accuracy is obtained with respect to suppliers’ reference data often does not improve color representation but makes it worse, especially for representing dark nuances. This is unfortunate for example for the digital photography of seventeenth century Dutch paintings, where dark passages occupy large areas of the art works. We show that the key step in achieving color accurate digital photography is to use customer reference data rather than commonly used generic reference data. We explain the results by investigating not only the color properties of the ColorChecker SG chart, but also its glossiness.
Earth’s free oscillations excited by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake recorded in multiple GPS networks
Authors: Chu Cheng-Yin , Chao Benjamin F. , Ding Hao , Yuan Linguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe search in the continuous GPS 3-D displacement data for the signals of the normal modes of Earth’s free oscillation that were excited by the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake. A previous study has reported such a detection; we here conduct a more comprehensive and detailed study. We use GPS data from three separate networks: (i) about 1000 stations from the Japan GEONET; (ii) about 600 stations from the western USA PBO; and (iii) about 140 stations of the global IGS, and solve and form records of 21 h length at 30-s sampling rate. We conduct various multiple-record stacking methods: the frequency-domain power spectrum stacking that reduces the variance of the noises, and the time-domain stackings that boost the SNR of target modes while suppressing the non-target modes. We find the time-domain stacking method of optimal sequence estimation (OSE) to be the most effective, which show clearly high sensitivity and detectability of the modes in the spectrum. For the near-field GEONET where all excited modes have anti-nodes, all the spheroidal fundamental modes 0S9–0S43 below 5 MHz and some of the lower-degree overtones as well as most of the low-degree toroidal fundamental modes show up as prominent spectral peaks against the PREM model eigenfrequencies. The PBO sees less strong (being far-field and generally off-antinodes), but still clearly identifiable spectral peaks of the fundamental modes. The global IGS network data detect barely a handful of these modes because of its sparsity and small numbers of stations. We thus demonstrate that GPS does actually record the tiny seismic signals that can be revealed by means of multiple-record stacking methods, potentially useful for studying earthquake source mechanisms exciting the normal modes.
Congenital communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation including ectopic pancreatic tissue in an infant
Authors: Oyachi Noboru , Numano Fuminori , Koizumi Keiichi , Shinohara Tamao , Matsubara Hirochika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Several reports have documented that the pulmonary sequestration is in communication with the gastrointestinal tract and the concept of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) has become more widespread. However, there are few reports of the sequestration associated with the pancreas derived from the foregut. We describe the history and pathophysiology of BPFM including pancreatic tissue in a male infant with respiratory distress.

Case presentation
A male patient was born at 38 weeks of gestation and weighed 2752 g at birth. He developed pneumonia and was hospitalized at 3 months of age. Chest radiographs and CT scans led to the diagnosis of a lung abscess in the left lower intralobar pulmonary sequestration with aberrant arteries from the abdominal cavity. At 4 months of age, when the abscess had resolved, left lower lobectomy and the resection of the intralobar sequestration were performed. The pulmonary sequestration was conjoined with the esophagus. A fistula was found between the lower esophageal wall and the pulmonary sequestration. An additional small segment of the esophageal wall was excised. Histologically, the mediastinal surface of the sequestration tissue contained pancreatic tissue. Furthermore, esophageal and gastric tissue, cartilage tissue, and ciliated epithelium were confirmed. A definitive diagnosis of BPFM was made.

Conclusions
We postulated the rare case of a communicating BPFM with intrapulmonary sequestration on one end and the esophagus on the other forming a mass lesion, which included ectopic pancreatic tissue in a male infant.
An alternative perspective for acquisitions of amber from Myanmar including recommendations of the United Nations Human Rights Council
Authors: Peretti Adolf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent publications have been actively recommending strong embargos on Burmese amber trade and research. Although the motivation of these actions seeks to prevent armed groups from obtaining capital via amber trade, which in the views of the authors helps further fueling the armed conflict, here, I demonstrate that this claim is not accurate. In this analysis, I prove that these preventative actions undertaken by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and echoed by others do not resolve the situation in Burma, but on the contrary, aggravate the problem by negatively affecting the Burmese miners. My analysis is congruent with other independent analyses of the Burmese Amber trade. In line with the recommendation of the United Nations, and as an alternative approach, it is possible to support the amber economy that is in opposition to the Burmese military and help the Burmese scientific community to increase their capability and knowledge to engage in a niche market that is largely not accessible to unethical players. This would lead to a sourcing of research material that fulfills the demand of the international scientific community for ethical standards.
Assessing IGS GPS/Galileo/BDS-2/BDS-3 phase bias products with PRIDE PPP-AR
Authors: Geng Jianghui , Yang Songfeng , Guo Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmbiguity Resolution in Precise Point Positioning (PPP-AR) is important to achieving high-precision positioning in wide areas. The International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) and some other academic organizations have begun to provide phase bias products to enable PPP-AR, such as the integer-clock like products by Centre National d’Etudes Spatials (CNES), Wuhan University (WUM) and the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), as well as the Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) products by School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG). To evaluate these disparate products, we carry out Global Positioning System (GPS)/Galileo Navigation Satellite System (Galileo) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-only) PPP-AR using 30 days of data in 2019. In general, over 70% and 80% of GPS and Galileo ambiguity residuals after wide-lane phase bias corrections fall in ± 0.1 cycles, in contrast to less than 50% for BeiDou Navigation Satellite (Regional) System (BDS-2); moreover, around 90% of GPS/Galileo narrow-lane ambiguity residuals are within ± 0.1 cycles, while the percentage drops to about 55% in the case of BDS products. GPS/Galileo daily PPP-AR can usually achieve a positioning precision of 2, 2 and 6 mm for the east, north and up components, respectively, for all phase bias products except those based on German Research Centre for Geosciences (GBM) rapid satellite orbits and clocks. Due to the insufficient number of BDS satellites during 2019, the BDS phase bias products perform worse than the GPS/Galileo products in terms of ambiguity fixing rates and daily positioning precisions. BDS-2 daily positions can only reach a precision of about 10 mm in the horizontal and 20 mm in the vertical components, which can be slightly improved after PPP-AR. However, for the year of 2020, BDS-2/BDS-3 (BDS-3 Navigation Satellite System) PPP-AR achieves about 50% better precisions for all three coordinate components.
Collision models in open system dynamics: A versatile tool for deeper insights?
Authors: Campbell Steve , Vacchini Bassano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding and simulating how a quantum system interacts and exchanges information or energy with its surroundings is a ubiquitous problem, one which must be carefully addressed in order to establish a coherent framework to describe the dynamics and thermodynamics of quantum systems. Significant effort has been invested in developing various methods for tackling this issue and in this Perspective paper we focus on one such technique, namely collision models, which have emerged as a remarkably flexible approach. We discuss their application to understanding non-Markovian dynamics and to studying the thermodynamics of quantum systems, two areas in which collision models have proven to be particularly insightful. Their simple structure endows them with extremely broad applicability which has spurred their recent experimental demonstrations. By focusing on these areas, our aim is to provide a succinct entry point to this remarkable framework.
Receptiveness to participating in cannabis research in pregnancy: a survey study at The Ottawa Hospital
Authors: Bombay Kira , Murphy Malia SQ , Denize Kathryn M , Cantin Christina , McGee Amy , Rennicks White Ruth , Wen Shi Wu , Walker Mark C , Corsi Daniel J 
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Canada is increasing. In the design of new cohort studies to evaluate the patterns and outcomes of cannabis use in pregnancy, consideration must be given to the factors influencing participation, data sharing, and contribution of biological samples. Our objective was to assess the willingness of pregnant individuals to participate in prospective research during pregnancy. Methods: We surveyed pregnant individuals receiving obstetrical care through The Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa, Canada. The survey consisted of 23 dichotomous (yes/no), multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. Individuals were provided with a hypothetical research scenario and asked to report on the likelihood of their participation, use and storage of personal health information and contribution of maternal and newborn samples. Individuals provided motivating and deterring factors related to research participation. Descriptive statistics included frequencies (n) and percentages (%) for categorical variables. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations. Results: A total of 84 survey responses were collected. The mean age of respondents was 32.6(±5.3) years. Respondents were predominantly Caucasian (79%), college/university educated (85%) with a household income of ≥$100,000 (64%). There was a high degree of willingness to participate in prospective research by sharing data and biological samples. The most commonly cited motivating and deterring factors for participating in future research were a desire to contribute to science and health information (79%) and fear of privacy invasion (17%), respectively. Conclusions: Pregnant individuals receiving care at The Ottawa Hospital are willing to participate in prospective research studies, including those related to cannabis use. Survey respondents were predominantly of higher socioeconomic status, and few individuals reported cannabis use during pregnancy. Future studies should accommodate multiple recruitment strategies and flexible study designs to encourage enrollment from and retention across diverse sociodemographic communities.
Medical students’ relative immunity, or lack thereof, against COVID-19 emotional distress and psychological challenges; a descriptive study from Jordan
Authors: Kheirallah Khalid , Bloukh Sarah , Khasawneh Wasim , Alsulaiman Jomana , Khassawneh Adi , Al-Mistarehi Abdel-Hameed , Alqudah Mohammad , Elsalem Lina , Al Bashir Samir , Awad Hasan H. , Al-Shatanawi Tariq , Saleh Tareq 
Published: May 2021

Background: Emotional distress is a major impact of COVID-19 among not only the general public but also healthcare workers including medical students. This study aimed at describing self-reported changes in emotional reactions associated with COVID-19 among medical students in Jordan and to assessing the potential effect of social media utilization on emotional distress among this group. Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized to collect data early on during the outbreak in Jordan. All medical students in Jordan were eligible to complete an online questionnaire assessing self-reported emotional reactions to COVID-19 that covered four main domains: negative emotion (anxiety, worry, depression, panic, loneliness, and nervousness), positive emotion (happiness, joy, and excitement), sleep disorders (insomnia, shallow sleep, nightmares, and insufficient sleep), and aggression (verbal argument and physical fighting). The frequency of social media utilization as a main source of COVID-19 information was also assessed. Results: 59.9% of participants were females, 64.9% were enrolled at the two major medical schools in Jordan, and 59.6% were in the pre-clinical stage (years). A significant proportion of participants self-reported increased negative emotional levels of anxiety (49.2%), worry (72.4%), depression (23.1%), panic (22.6%), and nervousness (38.2%) and decreased positive emotional levels of happiness (44.8%), joy (47.3%), and feelings of excitement (45.1%). Self-reported sleep disorders were not as common (less than 15% for any of the four items), while arguing with others was at 26.7%. Significant differences by gender and academic year were detected. Almost half of participants reported using social media as a main source of COVID-19 information “most/all-the-times” with a significant effect of such on reducing emotional distress. Conclusion: The results suggest a potential effect of COVID-19 on the emotional distress of medical students. Addressing and mitigating such effects is crucial. The potential buffering effect of social media should be further investigated.
Variants associated with HHIP expression have sex-differential effects on lung function
Authors: Fawcett Katherine A. , Obeidat Ma'en , Melbourne Carl A. , Shrine Nick , Guyatt Anna L. , John Catherine , Luan Jian'an , Richmond Anne , Moksnes Marta R. , Granell Raquel , Weiss Stefan , Imboden Medea , May-Wilson Sebastian , Hysi Pirro , Boutin Thibaud S. , Portas Laura , Flexeder Claudia , Harris Sarah E. , Wang Carol A. , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Palviainen Teemu , Foong Rachel E. , Keidel Dirk , Minelli Cosetta , Langenberg Claudia , Bossé Yohan , Van den Berge Maarten , Sin Don D. , Hao Ke , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Smith Blair H. , Evans David M. , Ring Sue , Langhammer Arnulf , Hveem Kristian , Willer Cristen , Ewert Ralf , Stubbe Beate , Pirastu Nicola , Klaric Lucija , Joshi Peter K. , Patasova Karina , Massimo Mangino , Polasek Ozren , Starr John M. , Karrasch Stefan , Strauch Konstantin , Meitinger Thomas , Rudan Igor , Rantanen Taina , Pietiläinen Kirsi , Kähönen Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Hall Graham L. , Sly Peter D. , Pennell Craig E. , Kaprio Jaakko , Lehtimäki Terho , Vitart Veronique , Deary Ian J. , Jarvis Debbie , Wilson James F. , Spector Tim , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Wareham Nicholas J. , Völzke Henry , Henderson John , Strachan David P. , Brumpton Ben M. , Hayward Caroline , Hall Ian P. , Tobin Martin D. , Wain Louise V. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Lung function is highly heritable and differs between the sexes throughout life. However, little is known about sex-differential genetic effects on lung function. We aimed to conduct the first genome-wide genotype-by-sex interaction study on lung function to identify genetic effects that differ between males and females. Methods: We tested for interactions between 7,745,864 variants and sex on spirometry-based measures of lung function in UK Biobank (N=303,612), and sought replication in 75,696 independent individuals from the SpiroMeta consortium. Results: Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) interactions with sex on lung function, and 21 showed suggestive interactions (P<1x10-6). The strongest signal, from rs7697189 (chr4:145436894) on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (P=3.15x10-15), was replicated (P=0.016) in SpiroMeta. The C allele increased FEV1 more in males (untransformed FEV1 β=0.028 [SE 0.0022] litres) than females (β=0.009 [SE 0.0014] litres), and this effect was not accounted for by differential effects on height, smoking or pubertal age. rs7697189 resides upstream of the hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) gene and was previously associated with lung function and HHIP lung expression. We found HHIP expression was significantly different between the sexes (P=6.90x10-6), but we could not detect sex differential effects of rs7697189 on expression. Conclusions: We identified a novel genotype-by-sex interaction at a putative enhancer region upstream of the HHIP gene. Establishing the mechanism by which HHIP SNPs have different effects on lung function in males and females will be important for our understanding of lung health and diseases in both sexes.
Orthodoxy, illusio, and playing the scientific game: a Bourdieusian analysis of infection control science in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Ozbilgin Mustafa , Contandriopoulos Damien 
Published: May 2021

Background: Scientific and policy bodies’ failure to acknowledge and act on the evidence base for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a timely way is both a mystery and a scandal. In this study, we applied theories from Bourdieu to address the question, “How was a partial and partisan scientific account of SARS-CoV-2 transmission constructed and maintained, leading to widespread imposition of infection control policies which de-emphasised airborne transmission?”. Methods: From one international case study (the World Health Organisation) and four national ones (UK, Canada, USA and Japan), we selected a purposive sample of publicly available texts including scientific evidence summaries, guidelines, policy documents, public announcements, and social media postings. To analyse these, we applied Bourdieusian concepts of field, doxa, scientific capital, illusio, and game-playing. We explored in particular the links between scientific capital, vested interests, and policy influence. Results: Three fields—political, state (policy and regulatory), and scientific—were particularly relevant to our analysis. Political and policy actors at international, national, and regional level aligned—predominantly though not invariably—with medical scientific orthodoxy which promoted the droplet theory of transmission and considered aerosol transmission unproven or of doubtful relevance. This dominant scientific sub-field centred around the clinical discipline of infectious disease control, in which leading actors were hospital clinicians aligned with the evidence-based medicine movement. Aerosol scientists—typically, chemists, and engineers—representing the heterodoxy were systematically excluded from key decision-making networks and committees. Dominant discourses defined these scientists’ ideas and methodologies as weak, their empirical findings as untrustworthy or insignificant, and their contributions to debate as unhelpful. Conclusion: The hegemonic grip of medical infection control discourse remains strong. Exit from the pandemic depends on science and policy finding a way to renegotiate what Bourdieu called the ‘rules of the scientific game’—what counts as evidence, quality, and rigour.
Prevalence of trochlear dysplasia in infants evaluated for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: DeVries Clarabelle A. , Hahn Peter , Bomar James D. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to define the incidence of trochlear dysplasia in an infant cohort being screened for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods Newborns screened for DDH that were evaluated with ultrasound for the presence of trochlear dysplasia were retrospectively reviewed. The sulcus angle and trochlear depth were measured. Based on previous work, trochlear dysplasia was defined as a sulcus angle of > 159°. Our newborn cohort was then analyzed to identify potential risk factors for trochlear dysplasia. Results A total of 383 knees in 196 infants were studied. In total, 52% were referred for breech intrauterine positioning and 21% were ultimately diagnosed with DDH and had treatment initiated with a Pavlik harness. Of the entire cohort, 8% of knees were deemed to have trochlear dysplasia. Breech patients were found to have a flatter sulcus angle than those that were not breech (149.5° (sd 7.2°) versus 147.9° (sd 7.5°); p = 0.028). Similarly, a shallower trochlear depth was identified in breech patients versus non-breech patients (1.6 mm (sd 0.4) versus 1.8 mm (sd 0.4); p = 0.019). Those with trochlear dysplasia (as defined by sulcus angle > 159°) did show a smaller alpha angle (i.e. more dysplastic hip) as compared with those without trochlear dysplasia (59.2° (sd 10.2°) versus 65.9° (sd 7.5°); p < 0.001). Hips with DDH were 2.4-times more likely to have knees with trochlear dysplasia (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 5.3). Conclusion Ultrasound screening of newborn knees reveals that trochlear dysplasia is relatively common in breech babies with DDH. Level of Evidence III