bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of NO molecule at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface: an ab initio study for the effect of NO annealing after dry oxidation
Authors: Shimizu Tsunashi , Akiyama Toru , Nakamura Kohji , Ito Tomonori , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Uematsu Masashi , Shiraishi Kenji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The reaction of the NO molecule at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface after dry oxidation is theoretically investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations. On the Si-face, the reaction of the NO molecule results in the dissociation of the C–C single bond and the formation of Si4–N bonds with the CO2 molecule. In contrast, the C=C double bond changes into the C–C bond with the formation of Si3–N bonds and CO2 desorption on the C-face. This C–C bond on the C-face can be removed by the incorporation of an additional NO molecule. For the resultant interface structures, no localized electronic states are generated around the energy gap of 4H-SiC, suggesting that the NO annealing process is crucial to reduce the carbon-related defects at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface. Furthermore, the reaction on the NO molecule at the interface with CO desorption after dry oxidation is discussed in order to clarify the behavior of the NO molecule during the annealing process at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interfaces.
Breakdown phenomenon dependences on the number and positions of threading dislocations in vertical p-n junction GaN diodes
Authors: Ohta Hiroshi , Asai Naomi , Horikiri Fumimasa , Narita Yoshinobu , Yoshida Takehiro , Mishima Tomoyoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The correlation between current-voltage (I–V) characteristics and threading dislocations was evaluated using p-n junction diodes on a high-quality GaN substrate with an average threading dislocation density (TDD) ≤ 4 × 105 cm−2 using the newly developed maskless 3D (M-3D) method. For the forward I–V characteristics, it was found that the “on” resistance (R
on) increased as the number of dislocations in the diode increased. This result indicates that reducing the number of dislocations is effective in improving the forward I–V characteristics. On the other hand, for the reverse I–V characteristics, it was found that there was no clear correlation between the breakdown voltage (V
B) and the number of dislocations. Also, the p-n diode’s destruction point and dislocation position did not match in almost all of the measured p-n diodes. These results suggest that dislocation has very little effect on V
B and the p-n diode destruction.
Tunnel nitride passivated contacts for silicon solar cells formed by catalytic CVD
Authors: Wen Yuli , Thi Cam Tu Huynh , Ohdaira Keisuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An ultra-thin silicon nitride (SiN
x
) layer formed by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) is used to replace the Si dioxide (SiO2) layer of a tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cell. The passivation quality of crystalline Si (c-Si) with a stack of the ultra-thin SiN
x
and n-type hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) or microcrystalline Si (μc-Si:H), also formed by Cat-CVD, is significantly improved by annealing at 850 °C, probably due to the formation of a back surface field layer. Cat-CVD SiN
x
with thicknesses of up to 2.5 nm can have sufficient tunneling conduction. The ultra-thin SiN
x
having functions of surface passivation and carrier tunneling, and the unification of the formation method for the tunnel SiN
x
and conductive layers will lead to the realization of tunnel nitride passivated contact solar cells.
On Trends in Infrastructure Development Using the Public-Private Partnership Mechanism in the G20 Countries
Authors: Shiyan A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to examine project initiatives and proposals for improving funding mechanisms for infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian Federation.Tasks. The authors consider approaches and project initiatives of the G20 countries pertaining to the implementation of public-private partnership projects in the context of the adaptation of infrastructure projects to the Russian market (for the purpose of improving the quality and efficiency of the implementation of infrastructure projects in the Russian market).Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of public-private partnership and project financing. The authors use methods of scientific research (expert and comparative analysis, grouping and generalization) selected in accordance with the goals and objectives of the study as well as information publicly available on the official websites of the ROSINFRA platform and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.Results. Comparative analysis of foreign and national practices in the public-private partnership market makes it possible to identify a number of potential initiatives, including a new approach to the examination of infrastructure projects and proposals for attracting additional investment resources to the public-private partnership market. Adaptation of foreign competencies to the Russian public private partnership market will drive the transformation of the current PPP project model in Russia.Conclusions. Analysis of methods used by the G20 to assess and implement infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership makes it possible to formulate potential initiatives and proposals for improving approaches to the implementation of infrastructure projects based on public-private partnership in the Russian market and to determine the development vector for the national infrastructure project model.
Study of the Influence of Education and Literation of Entrepreneurship in Vocational High Schools: Indonesian Case
Authors: Yohana Corry , Dania Rizki Firdausi Rachma , Prihandono Dorojatun 
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to explain the factors that influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepeneurship literacy of vocational students (SMK). A paper based on research on 1,440 vocational grade XI students in 12 provinces in Indonesia obtained through random techniques, in the sense that each student has the same opportunity. Primary data collection is done through the distribution of questionnaires to students and analyzed by SEM techniques through the help of the Lisrel program version 8.70. The study found that the variables of school management, the role of teachers, teaching factories, and community participation had a positive influence on supporting facilities variables and entrepreneurship education variables. Facility support itself has a positive effect on entrepreneurship education, furthermore it has a positive effect on students' entrepreneurial literacy. On the other hand, external cooperation indicators contribute the strongest value for the school management variable, competent educator indicators of the teacher role variable, production training in the factory teaching variable, production marketing assistance in the community participation variable, and capital assistance information in the supporting facilities variable. In the entrepreneurship education variable, the indicator that contributes the strongest value is the identification of business prospects, while the entrepeneurship literacy variable is an indicator of business creativity. The implication is that entrepreneurship education efforts need to pay more attention to the above influence variables as well as indicators that have the effect strength of each variable.

Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020/ Published: 17 January 2021
Eradicating Gender-Based Violence against Female-Intimate Partner in Pakistan: A Theoretical Framework from Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Rafiq Aayesha , Yousufi Musab , Sheikh Muhammad Kashif 
Published: January 2021

Gender-based violence has been an enormous family and social issue in human history. Not a single country or nation is free from domestic violence and abuse against women. In particular, violence against female-intimate partner has become an endemic social issue at an alarming rate in Pakistan. Generally, it is regarded as a personal family matter and has become widely spread in the urban and rural areas of the country. Traditionally, women have to bear discrimination, subjugation, and violence in the daily routine that is grounded in the misuse of tribal traditions, social customs, and cultural norms. However, there is little focus on its assessment, intervention, prevention, and strategic solutions in the country. The present research tends to discuss violence issues relating to female-intimate partner in the Pakistani context. The findings identify that certain factors promote violence while Islamic philosophy suggests preventative measures and eradication strategies for violation and brutality against female-intimate partner. The study employs an analytical methodology using content analysis to review textual data of the Qur’an, Hadith, reports, and articles. The study approaches the issue differently from an Islamic theoretical framework and would be imperative for practical application in the protection and care of female-intimate partner in Pakistani society.

Received: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2020
Employees Retention Strategy and its Impact on Organizational Memory: An Exploratory Research for the opinion of Faculty Members at Private Colleges on Baghdad
Authors: Hussein Abbas Mohammed , Taher Majeed Hameed , Hameed Luma Majid 
Published: January 2021

The research aims to determine the impact of employees’ retention strategy on organizational memory. This research is historical, descriptive, and analytical. The sample consists of 158 faculty members in five private colleges in Baghdad. The technique used to analyze the data is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The research concludes that the employees retaining strategy plays a vital role in retaining employees and hence maintains organizational memory. The findings and recommendations of this research assure the administrations of private colleges that employees retention strategy play a vital role in retaining its employee and hence maintains organizational memory. This research differs from the previous researches in that it has not examined the reasons for leaving employees or the turnover, but looking for the reasons that inspire employees to remain in the organization. This research suggests that employees’ retention strategy helps the organization retain its employees, and as a consequence, maintaining organizational memory.

Received: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Principles of Social Integration in the Constitution of Medina
Authors: Embong Zaleha , Muslim Nazri , Musa Nik Yusri , Mohamed Amaal Fadhlini , Jusoh Lina Mastura 
Published: January 2021

A diverse community often faces social conflicts. This can lead to issues such as discrimination, fights, wars, oppression, and so on. Social integration plays an important role in achieving harmony in a society. The Constitution of Medina enacted by the Prophet SAW succeeded in managing a plural society until Medina became a country with social cohesion. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse the principles of social cohesion that exist in the Constitution of Medina. This study uses data collection methods through library research and in-depth interviews. Meanwhile, the content analysis method is then used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the Prophet SAW succeeded in forming social cohesion in a plural society through the Clauses contained in the Constitution of Medina. A plural society is recognized as an ummah and has a cooperative relationship and a spirit of belonging in defending Medina from external threats.

Received: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 12 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
Cycle-StarNet: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Data by Leveraging Large Data Sets
Authors: O’Briain Teaghan , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源 森 , Fabbro Sébastien , Yi Kwang M. , Venn Kim , Bialek Spencer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Advancements in stellar spectroscopy data acquisition have made it necessary to accomplish similar improvements in efficient data analysis techniques. Current automated methods for analyzing spectra are either (a) data driven, which requires prior knowledge of stellar parameters and elemental abundances, or (b) based on theoretical synthetic models that are susceptible to the gap between theory and practice. In this study, we present a hybrid generative domain-adaptation method that turns simulated stellar spectra into realistic spectra by applying unsupervised learning to large spectroscopic surveys. We apply our technique to the APOGEE H-band spectra at R = 22,500 and the Kurucz synthetic models. As a proof of concept, two case studies are presented. The first is the calibration of synthetic data to become consistent with observations. To accomplish this, synthetic models are morphed into spectra that resemble observations, thereby reducing the gap between theory and observations. Fitting the observed spectra shows an improved average

reduced from 1.97 to 1.22, along with a mean residual reduced from 0.16 to −0.01 in normalized flux. The second case study is the identification of the elemental source of missing spectral lines in the synthetic modeling. A mock data set is used to show that absorption lines can be recovered when they are absent in one of the domains. This method can be applied to other fields that use large data sets and are currently limited by modeling accuracy. The code used in this study is made publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/teaghan/Cycle_SN).
Testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after treatment with rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), and sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens) infusions
Authors: Omolaoye Temidayo S. , Windvogel Shantal , du Plessis Stefan S. 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis status, as well as the sperm functional parameters in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats following treatment with rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) and sutherlandia (Lessertia frutescens) infusions.

Methods:
Diabetes was induced by injecting fourteen-week-old adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg body weight). Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: the vehicle group received 0.1 M citrate buffer, the diabetic control group received 45 mg/kg STZ, the diabetic+rooibos group received 45 mg/kg STZ + 2.0% rooibos, the diabetic+honeybush group received 45 mg/kg STZ + 4.0% honeybush, and the diabetic+sutherlandia group received 45 mg/kg STZ + 0.2% sutherlandia. Rats were sacrificed 7 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus. The testes and epididymides were harvested and weighed after induction. Spermatozoa were retrieved from the cauda epididymis for motility, concentration, and morphology analysis, and the testis was used for all biochemical assays. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities, while apoptotic biomarkers were evaluated by Western blotting assays.

Results:
After induction of diabetes, rats in the diabetic control group, diabetic+rooibos group, diabetic+honeybush group, and diabetic+sutherlandia group presented with significantly elevated blood glucose levels as compared with the vehicle group (P<0.001). Rats in the diabetic control group had a reduction in sperm progressive motility, while rats in the diabetic+rooibos group and the diabetic+sutherlandia group displayed an increase in progressive motility as compared with the diabetic control group. The diabetic control animals showed a 40.0% decrease in sperm concentration when compared to the vehicle group, and there were no significant differences in sperm kinematic and speed parameters between the groups. In addition, the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was increased by 13.0%, 16.0%, and 15.0% after treatment with rooibos, honeybush, and sutherlandia, respectively and the rats in the diabetic+infusion groups also displayed an increase in superoxide dismutase activity when compared to the diabetic control group.

Conclusions:
Rooibos, honeybush and sutherlandia infusions may partly alleviate diabetes-induced sperm function impairment by reducing oxidative stress.
Intramural Burials from the Ancient Byzantine Settlement in Khirbet es-Samrā in Jordan
Authors: Nabulsi Abdalla J. , Schönrock-Nabulsi Petra , Humbert Jean-Baptiste , Desreumaux Alain , Wurst Christina 
Published: January 2021

The church burials of Room-94 and Church-79 as well as the Tower 35-Tomb were excavated within the ancient Byzantine settlement in Khirbet es-Samrā, North Jordan. They were initially dated between the 7th and 9th centuries AD. The report provides the results of macroscopic analyses of the obtained human skeletal remains. These include demographic, anthropometric, epigenetic, and pathologic features. The available biological and archaeological evidence tend to suggest that the five adults and child buried in Room-94 tomb were related males, possibly of one local and highly positioned family that was associated with the adjacent Church 95. The six were successively buried in the “private” tomb in Room-94 of Church-95 and not in the “public” cemetery just outside the settlement. The two probable cases of brucellar lesions on the cervical vertebrae of two adults could be indicative of an animal breeding family and that dairy products were part of the local diet. The report also suggests a possible relatedness between Room-94 tomb burials and the 7th century AD senile female burial in Church-79, which was previously assumed to be a male church-functionary burial. Despite being marked by a cross-engraved stone and a probably lethal arrow injury, the available evidence lead to conclude that the male Tower burial, previously identified as of the 9th century AD, was in fact a medieval burial and that it is neither related to the ancient settlement nor to its ancient population. Also presented are some rarely reported biological features, e.g. the “en bloc” manifestation of the transverse foramen division on the cervical vertebrae C5 to C7.
Keywords: Jordan - Byzantine Period - Church Burial – Anthropometry - Epigenetics- Paleopathology.
Chemical and sensory qualities of moimoi and akara produced from blends of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Moringa oleifera seed flour
Authors: Hussein J.B. , Ilesanmi J.O.Y. , Aliyu H.M , Akogwu V. 
Published: January 2021

The possible combination of cowpea with moringa seed flour for the production of nutrient dense moimoi (steamed cowpea paste) and akara (deep-fat fried balls) were investigated. Composite blends of cowpea and moringa seed flour in different proportions (98:2, 96:4 and 94:6) were used in moimoi and akara production while 100% cowpea flour served as control. The proximate and sensory analyses of the products were determined using standard methods. The results showed a positive influence in the proximate compositions of these products as the proportion of moringa seed flour substitution increased. The moimoi samples ranged between 10.77 – 26.92%, 18.27 – 21.16%, 8.12 – 10.72%, 1.80 – 2.19%, 0.76 – 0.84%, 44.07 – 53.99% and 269.87 – 335.18 Kcal/100g while akara samples ranged between 9.73 – 10.77%, 19.51 – 22.12%, 7.41 – 9.90%, 2.39 – 2.71%, 0.87 – 0.93%, 54.69 – 59.00% and 320.26 – 332.08 Kcal/100g respectively for moisture contents, protein contents, crude fats, ash, crude fibers, carbohydrates and energy values. The sensory evaluation results of these products favourably competed with the control except samples D (94:6) which showed a slight difference in all parameters tested. Thus, the substitution of cowpea with moringa seed flour up to 2% and 4% proportions are adequate to produce acceptable moimoi and akara, respectively.The possible combination of cowpea with moringa seed flour for the production of nutrient dense moimoi (steamed cowpea paste) and akara (deep-fat fried balls) were investigated. Composite blends of cowpea and moringa seed flour in different proportions (98:2, 96:4 and 94:6) were used in moimoi and akara production while 100% cowpea flour served as control. The proximate and sensory analyses of the products were determined using standard methods. The results showed a positive influence in the proximate compositions of these products as the proportion of moringa seed flour substitution increased. The moimoi samples ranged between 10.77 – 26.92%, 18.27 – 21.16%, 8.12 – 10.72%, 1.80 – 2.19%, 0.76 – 0.84%, 44.07 – 53.99% and 269.87 – 335.18 Kcal/100g while akara samples ranged between 9.73 – 10.77%, 19.51 – 22.12%, 7.41 – 9.90%, 2.39 – 2.71%, 0.87 – 0.93%, 54.69 – 59.00% and 320.26 – 332.08 Kcal/100g respectively for moisture contents, protein contents, crude fats, ash, crude fibers, carbohydrates and energy values. The sensory evaluation results of these products favourably competed with the control except samples D (94:6) which showed a slight difference in all parameters tested. Thus, the substitution of cowpea with moringa seed flour up to 2% and 4% proportions are adequate to produce acceptable moimoi and akara, respectively.
Keywords: Moimoi, Akara, Cowpea flour, Moringa oleifera seed flour and Sensory properties: Moimoi, Akara, Cowpea flour, Moringa oleifera seed flour and Sensory properties
Antibacterial Activity of Anthocliesta vogelii (planch) and Tinospora cordifolia/ on Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Adeyemi S.B , Afonja A. I , Odebisi-Omokanye M.B , Okor T.P , Lateef A.A 
Published: January 2021

An ethnobotanical investigation has revealed that the roots of Anthocliesta vogelii and stem bark of Tinospora cordifolia are used by indigenous people in the treatment of pile. This present study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the root and stem bark of Anthocliesta vogelii and Tinospora cordifolia respectively against the human pathogenic gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical composition of these two plants was also assayed. Graded concentrations of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml of the respective crude extract were applied against the test organisms. The percentage yield of the ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem and A. vogelii root were 40.978% and 21.872% respectively with their phytochemical analysis revealing the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides, with steroids present in A. vogelii but absent in T. cordifolia. The antimicrobial effect of the ethanolic extracts of both plants on the two test bacteria was significant (P<0.05). However, the ethanolic root extract of A. vogelii showed higher inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli than the ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia at concentrations of 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 200mg/ml, while both extracts did not have any inhibition on the test organisms at a concentration of 25mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the ethanolic extract of A. vogelii root on P. aeruginosa and E. coli were 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively, while the MICs for the ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem on P. aeruginosa and E. coli was 50mg/ml respectively. Both plant extracts could not kill the test bacteria; hence, they are only bacteriostatic and not bactericidal against the test bacteria.
Keywords: Anthocleista vogelii, Tinospora cordifolia, Bacterial, Bacteriostatic, Bactericidal