bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous dimensions from Yukawa couplings in SMNEFT: four-fermion operators
Authors: Datta Alakabha , Kumar Jacky , Liu Hongkai , Marfatia Danny 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Standard Model Neutrino Effective Field Theory (SMNEFT) is the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) augmented with right-handed neutrinos. Building on our previous work, arXiv:2010.12109, we calculate the Yukawa coupling contributions to the one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for the 11 dimension-six four-fermion SMNEFT operators. We also present the new contributions to the anomalous dimension matrix for the 14 four-fermion SMEFT operators that mix with the SMNEFT operators through the Yukawa couplings of the right-handed neutrinos.
Uniqueness and Bifurcation Branches for Planar Steady Navier–Stokes Equations Under Navier Boundary Conditions
Authors: Arioli Gianni , Gazzola Filippo , Koch Hans 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe stationary Navier–Stokes equations under Navier boundary conditions are considered in a square. The uniqueness of solutions is studied in dependence of the Reynolds number and of the strength of the external force. For some particular forcing, it is shown that uniqueness persists on some continuous branch of solutions, when these quantities become arbitrarily large. On the other hand, for a different forcing, a branch of symmetric solutions is shown to bifurcate, giving rise to a secondary branch of nonsymmetric solutions. This proof is computer-assisted, based on a local representation of branches as analytic arcs.
Laser vs. thermal treatments of green pigment PG36: coincidence and toxicity of processes
Authors: Bauer Elvira Maria , Cecchetti Daniele , Guerriero Ettore , Nisticò Steven , Germinario Giulia , Sennato Simona , Gontrani Lorenzo , Tagliatesta Pietro , Carbone Marilena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComparative laser and thermal treatments were carried out on PG36, a green phthalocyanine-based pigment, permitted in European countries where legislation on tattoo composition was issued. Prior to the treatments, PG36 was characterized by SEM imaging, EDX, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies, revealing an excess of Si and C and O as compared to the pure halogenated Cu-phthalocyanine. Laser treatments were carried out with a Nd:YAG device applied to H2O and propan-2-ol dispersions. Pyrolysis and calcinations were carried out in air or under N2 flow. The outcome of the different procedures was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, GC–mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction of the solid residues, SEM microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The comparative analysis indicated the production of different fragment compounds depending on the treatment, (pyrolysis or laser), and, to some extent, to the solvent of the dispersion, with pyrolysis generating a larger number of hazardous compounds. Hydrocarbons and cyclic siloxanes present as additives in PG36 were stable or degraded depending on the treatment. The morphology of the products is also treatment-dependent with nanoparticles < 20 nm and fibers being produced upon laser treatments only. Based on the experimental findings, the equivalence of laser and thermal treatments is evaluated.
Micro-droplet-based calibration for quantitative elemental bioimaging by LA-ICPMS
Authors: Schweikert Andreas , Theiner Sarah , Wernitznig Debora , Schoeberl Anna , Schaier Martin , Neumayer Sophie , Keppler Bernhard K. , Koellensperger Gunda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel standardization strategy for quantitative elemental bioimaging is evaluated. More specifically, multi-element quantification by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOFMS) is performed by multi-point calibration using gelatin-based micro-droplet standards and validated using in-house produced reference materials. Fully automated deposition of micro-droplets by micro-spotting ensured precise standard volumes of 400 ± 5 pL resulting in droplet sizes of around 200 μm in diameter. The small dimensions of the micro-droplet standards and the use of a low-dispersion laser ablation setup reduced the analysis time required for calibration by LA-ICPMS significantly. Therefore, as a key advance, high-throughput analysis (pixel acquisition rates of more than 200 Hz) enabled to establish imaging measurement sequences with quality control- and standardization samples comparable to solution-based quantification exercises by ICP-MS. Analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection, precision, and accuracy of the calibration approach were assessed for platinum and for elements with biological key functions from the lower mass range (phosphorus, copper, and zinc). As a proof-of-concept application, the tool-set was employed to investigate the accumulation of metal-based anticancer drugs in multicellular tumor spheroid models at clinically relevant concentrations.
Structural alterations in brainstem, basal ganglia and thalamus associated with parkinsonism in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Fritze Stefan , Harneit Anais , Waddington John L. , Kubera Katharina M. , Schmitgen Mike M. , Otte Marie-Luise , Geiger Lena S. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Wolf Robert C. , Hirjak Dusan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe relative roles of brainstem, thalamus and striatum in parkinsonism in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) patients are largely unknown. To determine whether topographical alterations of the brainstem, thalamus and striatum contribute to parkinsonism in SSD patients, we conducted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of SSD patients with (SSD-P, n = 35) and without (SSD-nonP, n = 64) parkinsonism, as defined by a Simpson and Angus Scale (SAS) total score of ≥ 4 and < 4, respectively, in comparison with healthy controls (n = 20). FreeSurfer v6.0 was used for segmentation of four brainstem regions (medulla oblongata, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle and midbrain), caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus. Patients with parkinsonism had significantly smaller medulla oblongata (p = 0.01, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected) and putamen (p = 0.02, FDR-corrected) volumes when compared to patients without parkinsonism. Across the entire patient sample (n = 99), significant negative correlations were identified between (a) medulla oblongata volumes and both SAS total (p = 0.034) and glabella-salivation (p = 0.007) scores, and (b) thalamic volumes and both SAS total (p = 0.033) and glabella-salivation (p = 0.007) scores. These results indicate that brainstem and thalamic structures as well as basal ganglia-based motor circuits play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism in SSD.
Conserved, divergent and heterochronic gene expression during Brachypodium and Arabidopsis embryo development
Authors: Hao Zhaodong , Zhang Zhongjuan , Xiang Daoquan , Venglat Prakash , Chen Jinhui , Gao Peng , Datla Raju , Weijers Dolf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Key message
Developmental and transcriptomic analysis of Brachypodium embryogenesis and comparison with Arabidopsis identifies conserved and divergent phases of embryogenesis and reveals widespread heterochrony of developmental gene expression.

Abstract
Embryogenesis, transforming the zygote into the mature embryo, represents a fundamental process for all flowering plants. Current knowledge of cell specification and differentiation during plant embryogenesis is largely based on studies of the dicot model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the major crops are monocots and the transcriptional programs associated with the differentiation processes during embryogenesis in this clade were largely unknown. Here, we combined analysis of cell division patterns with development of a temporal transcriptomic resource during embryogenesis of the monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon. We found that early divisions of the Brachypodium embryo were highly regular, while later stages were marked by less stereotypic patterns. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between Brachypodium and Arabidopsis revealed that early and late embryogenesis shared a common transcriptional program, whereas mid-embryogenesis was divergent between species. Analysis of orthology groups revealed widespread heterochronic expression of potential developmental regulators between the species. Interestingly, Brachypodium genes tend to be expressed at earlier stages than Arabidopsis counterparts, which suggests that embryo patterning may occur early during Brachypodium embryogenesis. Detailed investigation of auxin-related genes shows that the capacity to synthesize, transport and respond to auxin is established early in the embryo. However, while early PIN1 polarity could be confirmed, it is unclear if an active response is mounted. This study presents a resource for studying Brachypodium and grass embryogenesis and shows that divergent angiosperms share a conserved genetic program that is marked by heterochronic gene expression.
Assessing volume responsiveness using right ventricular dynamic indicators of preload
Authors: Graessler Michael F. , Wodack Karin H. , Pinnschmidt Hans O. , Nishimoto Sarah , Behem Christoph R. , Reuter Daniel A. , Trepte Constantin J. C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Dynamic indicators of preload currently only do reflect preload requirements of the left ventricle. To date, no dynamic indicators of right ventricular preload have been established. The aim of this study was to calculate dynamic indicators of right ventricular preload and assess their ability to predict ventricular volume responsiveness.

Materials and methods
The study was designed as experimental trial in 20 anaesthetized pigs. Micro-tip catheters and ultrasonic flow probes were used as experimental reference to enable measurement of right ventricular stroke volume and pulse pressure. Hypovolemia was induced (withdrawal of blood 20 ml/kg) and thereafter three volume-loading steps were performed. ROC analysis was performed to assess the ability of dynamic right ventricular parameters to predict volume response.

Results
ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (CI 95% 0.73–0.89; p < 0.001) for right ventricular stroke volume variation (SVVRV), an AUC of 0.72 (CI 95% 0.53–0.85; p = 0.02) for pulmonary artery pulse pressure variation (PPVPA) and an AUC of 0.66 (CI 95% 0.51–0.79; p = 0.04) for pulmonary artery systolic pressure variation (SPVPA).

Conclusions
In our experimental animal setting, calculating dynamic indicators of right ventricular preload is possible and appears promising in predicting volume responsiveness.
Progressive Damage Behaviours of Triaxially Confined Rocks under Multiple Dynamic Loads
Authors: Liu K. , Zhao J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigation of rock progressive damage under static confinement and strain rates facilitates the generation mechanism of natural fault damage zones. A triaxial Hopkinson bar apparatus is used to perform dynamic triaxial compression tests to examine the damage and degradation process of rocks subjected to multiple impacts. Dynamic mechanical properties are determined under a static triaxial pre-stress of (30, 20, 10) MPa and multiple dynamic loadings, with the repetitive impact velocity of 27 m/s and strain rates from 50 to 150/s. The acoustic characteristics are identified by ultrasonic measurement to qualify the damage values. The micro-crack parameters, including crack area and volumes are detected using synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to characterize the progressive damage. In addition, the microcrack orientation, density and fractal dimension are analysed from thin section. Experimental results show that dynamic stress-strain curves can be divided to elastic, nonlinear deformation and unloading phases. Dynamic peak stress, Young’s modulus and ultrasonic wave velocity decrease with increasing impact times. The high frequency of ultrasonic wave is filtered by the induced microcracks. The progressive damage and evolution of fracture networks are associated highly with microcrack initiation, propagation, branching and coalescence. Shear bands are commonly generated in granite, and tensile cracks are dominant in marble, while sandstone is mainly failed by compaction and deformation band. The absorbed energy of rock increases nonlinearly with increasing crack surface and volume. Besides, microcracks propagate primarily along the maximum principal stress; the density and fractal dimension exhibit an anisotropic distribution controlled by true triaxial confinement and dynamic impacts.
Increased Above- and Belowground Plant Input Can Both Trigger Microbial Nitrogen Mining in Subarctic Tundra Soils
Authors: Hicks Lettice C. , Yuan Mingyue , Brangarí Albert , Rousk Kathrin , Rousk Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLow nitrogen (N) availability in the Arctic and Subarctic constrains plant productivity, resulting in low litter inputs to soil. Increased N availability and litter inputs as a result of climate change, therefore, have the potential to impact the functioning of these ecosystems. We examined plant and microbial responses to chronic inorganic N (5 g m−2 year−1) and/or litter (90 g m−2 year−1), supplied during three growing seasons. We also compared the response to more extreme additions, where the total cumulative additions of N (that is, 15 g m−2) and litter (that is, 270 g m−2) were concentrated into a single growth season. Plant productivity was stimulated by N additions and was higher in the extreme addition plots than those with chronic annual additions. Microbial community structure also differed between the chronic and extreme plots, and there was a significant relationship between plant and microbial community structures. Despite differences in microbial structure, the field treatments had no effect on microbial growth or soil C mineralization. However, gross N mineralization was higher in the N addition plots. This led to a lower ratio of soil C mineralization to gross N mineralization, indicating microbial targeting of N-rich organic matter (“microbial N-mining”), likely driven by the increased belowground C-inputs due to stimulated plant productivity. Surprisingly, aboveground litter addition also decreased ratio of soil C mineralization to gross N mineralization. Together, these results suggest that elevated N availability will induce strong responses in tundra ecosystems by promoting plant productivity, driving changes in above- and belowground community structures, and accelerating gross N mineralization. In contrast, increased litter inputs will have subtle effects, primarily altering the ratio between C and N derived from soil organic matter.
Exploring Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of PrEP Uptake among Young People in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa
Authors: Muhumuza Richard , Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Kakande Ayoub , Ahmed Nadia , Atujuna Millicent , Nomvuyo Mangxilana , Bekker Linda-Gail , Dietrich Janan Janine , Tshabalala Gugulethu , Hornschuh Stefanie , Maluadzi Mamakiri , Chibanda-Stranix Lynda , Nematadzira Teacler , Weiss Helen Anne , Nash Stephen , Fox Julie , Seeley Janet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy. Few studies have explored adolescents and young people’s perspectives toward PrEP. We conducted 24 group discussions and 60 in-depth interviews with males and females aged 13–24 years in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa between September 2018 and February 2019. We used the framework approach to generate themes and key concepts for analysis following the social ecological model. Young people expressed a willingness to use PrEP and identified potential barriers and facilitators of PrEP uptake. Barriers included factors at individual (fear of HIV, fear of side effects, and PrEP characteristics), interpersonal (parental influence, absence of a sexual partner), community (peer influence, social stigma), institutional (long waiting times at clinics, attitudes of health workers), and structural (cost of PrEP and mode of administration, accessibility concerns) levels. Facilitators included factors at individual (high HIV risk perception and preventing HIV/desire to remain HIV negative), interpersonal (peer influence, social support and care for PrEP uptake), community (adequate PrEP information and sensitization, evidence of PrEP efficacy and safety), institutional (convenient and responsive services, provision of appropriate and sufficiently resourced services), and structural (access and availability of PrEP, cost of PrEP) levels. The findings indicated that PrEP is an acceptable HIV prevention method. PrEP uptake is linked to personal and environmental factors that need to be considered for successful PrEP roll-out. Multi-level interventions needed to promote PrEP uptake should consider the social and structural drivers and focus on ways that can inspire PrEP uptake and limit the barriers.
Higher genera Catalan numbers and Hirota equations for extended nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy
Authors: Carlet G. , Leur J. van de , Posthuma H. , Shadrin S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider the Dubrovin–Frobenius manifold of rank 2 whose genus expansion at a special point controls the enumeration of a higher genera generalization of the Catalan numbers, or, equivalently, the enumeration of maps on surfaces, ribbon graphs, Grothendieck’s dessins d’enfants, strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers, or lattice points in the moduli spaces of curves. Liu, Zhang, and Zhou conjectured that the full partition function of this Dubrovin–Frobenius manifold is a tau-function of the extended nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy, an extension of a particular rational reduction of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy. We prove a version of their conjecture specializing the Givental–Milanov method that allows to construct the Hirota quadratic equations for the partition function, and then deriving from them the Lax representation.
Toxicity of Mining-Contaminated Lake Sediments to Lumbriculus variegatus
Authors: Wallin Jaana , Karjalainen Juha , Väisänen Ari , Karjalainen Anna K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBoreal lakes with soft water and low buffering capacity are susceptible to excess ion loading resulting from metal mining. The impact of two Finish mining sites in downstream lakes was assessed with a chronic sediment toxicity test using a laboratory-reared freshwater Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta). The test organisms were exposed to mining-contaminated natural lake sediments and hypolimnion water (HLW) or artificial freshwater (AFW) as overlying water in two independent experimental setups. In both test setups, growth and reproduction of L. variegatus were lower in sediments from the lakes receiving high amount of mining effluents from the mines nearby. In the biomining site, the main contaminants in the recipient lakes were the ore metals Ni and Zn, while in the lakes affected by the conventional underground mine, they were Cu and Zn. These metals accumulated in L. variegatus especially in the setup with natural HLW above the sediment. Growth and reproduction were lower in the HLW than in the AFW setup. The mining-contaminated sediments did not support optimum growth or reproduction of L. variegatus in comparison to the local reference sediments. Decline of pH in the unbuffered natural sediments brought up challenges in the assessment of metal-contaminated lake sediments with high sulfur content, and a need to develop new tools for their risk assessment.
Cardiac medication use in patients with suspected ischaemia without obstructive coronary arteries: sex differences and psychological distress
Authors: Mommersteeg P. M. C. , Roeters van Lennep J. , Widdershoven J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Ischaemia without obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is more prevalent in women and associated with psychological distress. Pharmacological treatment goals are angina relief and cardiovascular risk management. The present study aims to examine sex differences in cardiac and non-cardiac medication use, as well as medication and sex differences related to consistent psychological distress in patients with suspected INOCA.

Design
A TweeSteden mild stenosis observational cohort study in patients with suspected INOCA as detected by ischaemic reason for referral and non-obstructive arteries based on coronary angiography or computed tomography.

Methods
Medication documented in the hospital records of 488 patients (53% women) was coded as angina relief medication, blood-pressure-lowering medication, antithrombotics, statins, and non-cardiac medication, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were recoded as ‘consistent distress’ (above the cut-off score for depression and anxiety on validated questionnaires), ‘inconsistent distress’ (above the cut-off for depression or anxiety) or ‘no distress’ (below the cut-off).

Results
No sex differences were observed in cardiac medication use. Women used anxiolytic benzodiazepines more often (12% vs 4%, p = 0.002) compared to men. Consistent distress was more prevalent in women (22% vs 15%, p = 0.004) and was related to the use of more angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics in women and to calcium antagonist use as well as lower adherence levels in men. Women who reported chest pain more often received angina relief medication and blood-pressure-lowering medication than men.

Conclusion
No sex differences were observed in cardiac medication use in patients with suspected INOCA. Psychological distress may reflect hypertension and subsequent medication use in women, and experiencing chest pain and subsequent medication use in men.
Tilt mapping for zigzag-shaped concrete panel in retaining structure using terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Seo Hyungjoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraditional monitoring systems are not able to monitor the global behavior of large retaining structures, and terrestrial laser scanning was performed for monitoring a retaining structure for this paper. The three-dimensional point cloud was obtained by scanning at seven locations with seven reference targets to cover the retaining structure having 180 m length and 25 m high. To evaluate the long-term behavior of the retaining structure, point clouds obtained by performing eight laser scanning at the same locations over 4 years were compared with each other. In this paper, the tilt mapping method was applied to define the global behavior of the entire retaining structure. The P2P-TA (Plane-to-Plane-Tilt Angle) comparison method was used to calculate the tilt angle by comparing the normal vectors of the planes created by the point clouds, because simple comparison methods are not able to be applied to compare points clouds of zigzag-shaped concrete panels. A laboratory test was conducted to determine the applicability of laser scanning and P2P-TA analysis, and the error range was conservatively set to 0.15°. The results of laser scanning and P2P-TA analysis applied to 231 concrete panels are shown in the tilt mapping of the retaining structure. The differential tilt angle was significantly increased every year at the bottom of the concrete panel adjacent to the tunnel. It can be seen that the concrete panel having a large differential tilt angle affects the differential tilt angles of others, because it is linked to other concrete panels.