bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of four-dimensional variational assimilation system based on the GRAPES–CUACE adjoint model (GRAPES–CUACE-4D-Var V1.0) and its application in emission inversion
Authors: Wang Chao , An Xingqin , Hou Qing , Sun Zhaobin , Li Yanjun , Li Jiangtao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this study, a four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data
assimilation system was developed based on the GRAPES–CUACE (Global/Regional
Assimilation and PrEdiction System – CMA Unified Atmospheric
Chemistry Environmental Forecasting System) atmospheric
chemistry model, GRAPES–CUACE adjoint model and L-BFGS-B (extended limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno) algorithm
(GRAPES–CUACE-4D-Var) and was applied to optimize black carbon (BC) daily
emissions in northern China on 4 July 2016, when a pollution event
occurred in Beijing. The results show that the newly constructed
GRAPES–CUACE-4D-Var assimilation system is feasible and can be applied to
perform BC emission inversion in northern China. The BC concentrations
simulated with optimized emissions show improved agreement with the
observations over northern China with lower root-mean-square errors and
higher correlation coefficients. The model biases are reduced by 20 %–46 %.
The validation with observations that were not utilized in the assimilation
shows that assimilation makes notable improvements, with values of the model
biases reduced by 1 %–36 %. Compared with the prior BC emissions, which are
based on statistical data of anthropogenic emissions for 2007, the optimized
emissions are considerably reduced. Especially for Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei,
Shandong, Shanxi and Henan, the ratios of the optimized emissions to prior
emissions are 0.4–0.8, indicating that the BC emissions in these highly
industrialized regions have greatly reduced from 2007 to 2016. In the
future, further studies on improving the performance of the GRAPES–CUACE-4D-Var
assimilation system are still needed and are important for air pollution
research in China.
Computational analysis of high-lift-generating airfoils for diffuser-augmented wind turbines
Authors: Paranjape Aniruddha Deepak , Bajaj Anhad Singh , Palanganda Shaheen Thimmaiah , Parikh Radha , Nayak Raahil , Radhakrishnan Jayakrishnan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The impetus towards sustainable energy production and energy access has led to considerable research and development on decentralized generators, in particular diffuser-augmented wind turbines. This paper aims to characterize the performance of diffuser-augmented wind turbines (DAWTs) using high-lift airfoils employing a three-step computational analysis. The study is based on computational fluid dynamics, and the analysis is carried out by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations in two dimensions. The rotor blades are modeled as an actuator disk, across which a pressure drop is imposed analogous to a three-dimensional rotor. We study the change in performance of the enclosed turbine with varying diffuser cross-sectional geometry. In particular, this paper characterizes the effect of a flange on the flow augmentation provided by the diffuser. We conclude that at the end of the three-step analysis, Eppler 423 showed the maximum velocity augmentation.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NO CONTEXTO DA INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS: A TENSÃO ENTRE OS VALORES DA PROFISSÃO E OS VALORES DO MERCADO
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Consaltér Evandro 
Published: January 2021

A internacionalização das políticas educacionais tem acarretado um fenômeno antagônico entre duas formas de conceber o processo educativo, ocasionando uma tensão entre o valor da profissão e o valor do mercado. De um lado, sobrepõem-se as necessidades das escolas, dos alunos e da comunidade. A educação, nesses termos, é entendida de caráter comum, com acesso aberto e inclusão social, com ênfase sobre a atribuição de recursos àqueles com maiores necessidades de aprendizagem. Do outro lado, atendendo aos interesses de órgãos como FMI, OCDE e Banco Mundial, prioriza-se a performance individual das escolas e dos alunos, com mecanismos de seleção e exclusão, visando atrair clientes, atingir metas, com privilégio de recursos àqueles considerados mais aptos. Diante desse contexto, emergem de forma acentuada projetos de formação “facilitada”, em curto prazo, de venda de pacotes formativos, de trabalhadores que atuam como freelance, como consultores em educação, agindo no intuito de potencializar resultados e qualificar indicadores externos, que funcionariam, em tese, como indicativos de qualidade. Além de acarretar a perda de sentido e de identidade da profissão, esse processo também pode representar prejuízos de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa à educação e às políticas de formação de professores.
Reduction of Sample Size in the Soil Physical-Chemical Attributes Using the Multivariate Effective Sample Size
Authors: Dal Canton Letícia Ellen , Guedes Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho , Uribe-Opazo Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2021

Financial investment with collection and laboratory analysis of soil samples is an important factor to be considered when mapping agricultural areas with soybean planting. One of the alternatives is to use the spatial autocorrelation between the sample points to reduce the number of elements sampled, thus restricting the collection of redundant information. This work aimed to reduce the sample size of this agricultural area, composed of 102 sample points, and use it to analyze the spatial dependence of soil macro- and micro- nutrients, as well as the soil penetration resistance. The agricultural area used in this study has 167.35 ha, cultivated with soybean, which the soil is Red Dystroferric Latosol, and the sampling design has used in this agricultural area is the lattice plus close pairs. The reduction of the sample size was made by the multivariate effective sample size (ESSmulti) methodology. The studies with the simulation data and the soil attributes showed an inverse relationship between the practical range and the estimated value of the univariate effective sample size. With the calculation of ESSmulti, the sample configuration was reduced to 53 points. The Overall Accuracy and Tau concordance index showed differences between the thematic maps elaborated with the original and reduced sampling designs. However, the analysis of the variance inflation factor and the standard error of the spatial dependence parameters showed efficient results with the resized sample size.
A Reflection on the Evolution of Corporate Culture and Conflict Resolution (Part II)
Authors: Kroon Hilde , Baatsen Marcel 
Published: January 2021

A Reflection on the Evolution of Corporate Culture and Conflict Resolution (Part I)
In this article, a roadmap is proposed for both individual growth and eventual maturation of an organisation as regards how conflict is dealt with. Much can be achieved within organisations when the individuals who work there succeed in discovering and deploying their potential in order to deal with conflict in a mature manner.An organisation is a compilation of individuals and the overall culture of the organisation is, ultimately, determined by the collective wisdom of the people that form it, when it comes to dealing with conflict and related difficulties. The authors of this article propose a shared view to unearth the potential of an individual working in an organisation to creatively and proactively manage conflict, thereby opening a corporate portal that empowers the adoption of beneficial solutions in response to disarming and preventing difficult organisational situations.In Part II, the authors will show how managers can develop themselves in management styles embedded in the Evolution System to support individuals and the organisation in their development to maturation.
Public perceptions of undercover investigations in livestock farming: An end that justifies the means?
Authors: Schulze M , Risius A , Spiller A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecretly taken photographs of livestock production systems, representing animal welfare violations, regularly appear in the media and initiate discussions as to the legitimacy of overriding legal regulations in order to document animal welfare standards. This paper focuses on the public perspective and compares different forms of undercover investigation, weighing animal welfare against the invasion of farmers’ privacy. For this purpose, an exploratory online survey was conducted in Germany (n = 292). Participants were carefully selected to ensure that age range, education level and sex reflected the distribution of the society as a whole. In a split-sample survey, each participant was confronted with three scenarios. The scenarios were mapped using pictures showing various levels of farm conditions combined with small information segments describing the invasion of farmers’ privacy. Participants evaluated the scenarios for their perceived legitimacy and whether entering the premises should be punished. All forms of undercover investigation were perceived as legitimate by most respondents. Perceived legitimacy was considerably higher when obvious animal abuse was uncovered. Apart from where damage to property was involved, which was mostly considered as unacceptable, harsher punishment for animal welfare organisations generally obtained little social approval. The public's increasing awareness of farm animal welfare overruled social norms regarding farmers’ privacy, and thereby demonstrated the importance of animal welfare in society. Approval of undercover investigations indicated that changes in housing and handling conditions as well as improvement in control mechanisms are necessary to increase animal welfare and thus public acceptance of livestock production.
Donkey welfare assessment in north-east Portugal
Authors: Cruz Z , Nóvoa M , Leiva B , Andrade D , Quaresma M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe well-documented versatility of donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) means that issues concerning their welfare can vary depending on how they are mainly used and their geographic location. The present study is the first assessment of donkey welfare to be systematically conducted in the Iberian Peninsula. This area is characterised by the coexistence of high levels of mechanisation and industrialisation, and human populations with low levels of formal education, still making use of donkeys in their daily work. This study aims to evaluate the main welfare problems affecting donkeys within this context. The welfare assessment was carried out in accordance with the first level of the AWIN protocol for donkeys. Only 37.6% of the animals evaluated showed all positive indicators, with no physical problem detected while the remaining 62.4% revealed at least one negative health indicator. Body Condition Score (BCS) was one of the main concerns, with around half of the donkeys exhibiting an inadequate body condition. Dental evaluation revealed similarly concerning results, with 62.8% of the animals assessed requiring treatment. Indications of hoof neglect were noted in 39.5% of the animals evaluated with a 9.84% incidence of lameness. Skin problems affected 26.7% of individuals. Only 41% of the animals displayed positive results for all behavioural indicators. Aside from BCS, the most prevalent problems were sub-optimal behaviour, pain reaction to cheek palpation, hoof disease and integument alterations. These issues should be prioritised, both as regards this specific donkey population and the education of their caretakers.
Evaluation of consistency over time of the use of the Animal Welfare Indicators protocol for horses
Authors: Czycholl I , Büttner K , Klingbeil P , Krieter J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsistency over time is a basic requirement for welfare assessment schemes since consistency must not depend, for example, on the day it is carried out. This study analysed the consistency of the indicators of the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol for horses (Equus caballus) over time. Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, the AWIN protocol includes a variety of indicators evaluating, eg the health status or the behaviour of the animals. Fourteen establishments keeping horses in Germany were visited four times each (day 0, day 3, day 42, day 90). For the evaluation of reliability and agreement between the different visits, ie across time, the reference visit on day 0 was compared to the other visits via calculation of Spearman's rank correlation (RS), intra-class correlation (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC) and limits of agreement (LoA). The indicator, Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) was analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Most of the indicators demonstrated sufficient consistency over time. Indicators that were inconsistent included parts of the Horse Grimace Scale, outcomes of behavioural tests, the presence of swollen joints as well as the indicators hoof neglect, alopecia on the legs and water cleanliness. The QBA was consistent for the period of 42 days, but not for 90 days. Overall, those indicators with insufficient consistency over time require to be revised or replaced in future welfare assessment schemes.
Psychological State and Low Immunity during Corona Season in KSA
Authors: Murad Manal abdulaziz , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Harazi R. N. Nouran Mohammed , Alshaikhnasser Ruqeeya Ali , Alghorrab Hussain Hassan , Alsaeedi Nashwa Nasser , Muarrif Adnan Abdullatif , Alsaedi Kamal Bakheet , Kamal Reem Muhammadishag , Alfaraj Hakeema Abdulrazaq , Noah Matooq Hasan , AlMojeb Amani Ahmad , Gadibalban Ibrahim Zaher A , Alsubhi Rawan Awad 
Published: January 2021

Background: In March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as pandemic with very high incidence of case-fatality, after that COVID-19 Pandemic was found in China, Europe and USA where these regions were the most affected areas. The new virus attack patients with low-immunity than healthier population causing many psychological conditions. In this study, we aimed to assess prevalence of patient have low immunity symptoms, determine general psychological state in corona season, and demographic factors affecting both variable.
Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (General population) from 19/7/2020 till 25/10/2020. The study depended on online self-report questionnaire which assessing demographic factors including age and nationality besides disease-related information.
Results: We had received 228 responses to our questionnaire where three quarter of them were female (75.9%). 21.1% of the participants were between 19-25 years old while 19.7% were between 36-40 while most of the sample had bachelor (73.7%). It was found that the most common symptoms were having trouble sleeping, low energy, felling tired, having to change the diet and having asthma where 8.8% had at least one symptom, 8.3% had two symptoms and 14.2% had 3 or more symptoms. Considering psychological status, we had found that the most common symptoms reported by participants were concerning about future, the always need for naps and caffeine, afraid of getting sick, afraid of worsen health, and extreme mood change. It was found that gender had a significant effect on developing both low immunity and poor psychological status (P=0.029, 0.02) where female seems to have more low immunity and poorer psychological status than male. Age is another significant factor in determining low immunity and poor psychological status (P=0.026, 0.001) where younger participants reported more symptoms of low immunity and poor psychological than older participants where the most affected age interval was 19-25 years old.
Conclusion: we had found high prevalence of low immune status and poor psychological status which were more associated with females and younger populations. Moreover, there is a significant correlation between poor psychological status and low immune status.
Galectin‐1–RNA interaction map reveals potential regulatory roles in angiogenesis
Authors: Wei Jiajun , Li Daniel K. , Hu Xinyu , Cheng Chao , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2021

Hyperactive angiogenesis contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment important for immunotherapy. Galectin‐1, encoded by LGALS1, can trigger the vascular signaling programs and mediate the anti‐angiogenic treatment response. However, the mechanism through which galectin‐1 regulates angiogenesis is poorly understood. It has been suggested that galectin‐1 may associate with mRNAs in cells. This study applied the iRIP‐seq methodology to study the potential role of galectin‐1 as an RNA‐binding protein. We found that galectin‐1 interacts with a large number of mRNAs, with a preference for binding near stop codons and a preference for UGCA/UGGA and GAGCAG as binding motifs. Galectin‐1 binds to the mRNAs of angiogenesis‐associated genes including VEGFA, EGR1, and LAMA5, suggesting that galectin‐1 may regulate angiogenesis via its mRNA‐binding activity. We further show that shLGALS1 inhibits capillary tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay and alters the expression levels of several galectin‐1‐bound angiogenesis‐associated mRNAs. These results uncover a previously unrecognized mRNA‐binding activity of galectin‐1.
Impact of Oxygen Non‐Stoichiometry on Near‐Ambient Temperature Ionic Mobility in Polaronic Mixed‐Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Thin Films
Authors: Defferriere Thomas , Kalaev Dmitri , Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Tuller Harry L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnhanced ionic mobility in mixed ionic and electronic conducting solids contributes to improved performance of memristive memory, energy storage and conversion, and catalytic devices. Ionic mobility can be significantly depressed at reduced temperatures, for example, due to defect association and therefore needs to be monitored. Measurements of ionic transport in mixed conductors, however, proves to be difficult due to dominant electronic conductivity. This study examines the impact of different levels of quenched‐in oxygen deficiency on the oxygen vacancy mobility near room temperature. A praseodymium doped ceria (Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ ) film is grown by pulsed laser deposition and annealed in various oxygen partial pressures to modify its oxygen vacancy concentration. Changes in film non‐stoichiometry are monitored by tracking the optical absorption related to the oxidation state of Pr ions. A 13‐fold increase in ionic mobility at 60 °C for increases in oxygen non‐stoichiometry from 0.032 to 0.042 is detected with negligible changes in migration enthalpy and large changes in pre‐factor. Several factors potentially contributing to the large pre‐factor changes are examined and discussed. Insights into how ionic defect concentration can markedly impact ionic mobility should help in elucidating the origins of variations seen in nanoionic devices.
Interface‐Engineered Dendrite‐Free Anode and Ultraconductive Cathode for Durable and High‐Rate Fiber Zn Dual‐Ion Microbattery
Authors: Zhai Shengli , Wang Na , Tan Xuehai , Jiang Keren , Quan Zhongyi , Li Yunwei , Li Zhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the advantages of the fiber‐shaped Zn‐ion microbattery (FZMB) in powering wearable electronics, several fundamental challenges hinder its practical application, mainly including dendrite growth on Zn anodes (leading to short cycle life) and low electrical conductivity of cathode (resulting in poor rate performance). Herein, a facile approach of sputtering a nano‐thin conductive carbon layer on Zn anode to effectively suppress dendrite growth and a dual‐conductive polymer strategy to fabricate ultraconductive core‐sheath fiber cathode (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fiber@polyaniline nanobulges) are demonstrated. The carbon layer suppresses Zn dendrites by uniformizing surface electric field and providing abundant nucleation sites. The superior conductivity of the cathode is inherited from two conductive polymers (in particular, PEDOT:PSS fibers have an ultrahigh conductivity of 3676 S cm−1) and their strong intermolecular interactions. The resulting FZMB shows excellent stability (over 100% capacity retention after 3000 cycles) and supercapacitor‐level rate performance (73% capacity retention from 0.1 to 10 A g−1). Kinetics and mechanism studies reveal that the surface‐controlled dual‐ion migration mechanism is also correlated with the high rate performance. The corresponding quasi‐solid‐state device exhibits high stability under extreme deformation conditions and superior water‐proof capability (94.6% capacity retention after 12 h underwater immersion), demonstrating great practical application potential.
A Dual‐Responsive Antibiotic‐Loaded Nanoparticle Specifically Binds Pathogens and Overcomes Antimicrobial‐Resistant Infections
Authors: Ye Mingzhou , Zhao Yi , Wang Yuyuan , Zhao Miao , Yodsanit Nisakorn , Xie Ruosen , Andes David , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections are a growing threat to public health and there is a general lack of development in new antibiotics. Here, a dextran‐coated stimuli‐responsive nanoparticle (NP) that encapsulates the hydrophobic antibiotic, rifampicin, and specifically binds bacteria to overcome AMR infections is reported. The NP shows a strong affinity with a variety of pathogens in vitro and effectively accumulates in the bacterial infected tissues. The NP is activated by either low pH or high reactive oxygen species in the infectious microenvironment, and releases both cationic polymer and rifampicin that display synergistic activity against AMR pathogens. The NP carrier also enables the antibiotic to penetrate both bacterial biofilms and mammalian cells, thus allowing the elimination of biofilm and intracellular infections. The NP formulation demonstrates both safety and efficacy in two animal infection models against either Gram‐negative or Gram‐positive AMR pathogens.
Hybrid 0D Antimony Halides as Air‐Stable Luminophores for High‐Spatial‐Resolution Remote Thermography
Authors: Morad Viktoriia , Yakunin Sergii , Benin Bogdan M. , Shynkarenko Yevhen , Grotevent Matthias J. , Shorubalko Ivan , Boehme Simon C. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLuminescent organic–inorganic low‐dimensional ns2 metal halides are of rising interest as thermographic phosphors. The intrinsic nature of the excitonic self‐trapping provides for reliable temperature sensing due to the existence of a temperature range, typically 50–100 K wide, in which the luminescence lifetimes (and quantum yields) are steeply temperature‐dependent. This sensitivity range can be adjusted from cryogenic temperatures to above room temperature by structural engineering, thus enabling diverse thermometric and thermographic applications ranging from protein crystallography to diagnostics in microelectronics. Owing to the stable oxidation state of Sb3+, Sb(III)‐based halides are far more attractive than all major non‐heavy‐metal alternatives (Sn‐, Ge‐, Bi‐based halides). In this work, the relationship between the luminescence characteristics and crystal structure and microstructure of TPP2SbBr5 (TPP = tetraphenylphosphonium) is established, and then its potential is showcased as environmentally stable and robust phosphor for remote thermography. The material is easily processable into thin films, which is highly beneficial for high‐spatial‐resolution remote thermography. In particular, a compelling combination of high spatial resolution (1 µm) and high thermometric precision (high specific sensitivities of 0.03–0.04 K−1) is demonstrated by fluorescence‐lifetime imaging of a heated resistive pattern on a flat substrate, covered with a solution‐spun film of TPP2SbBr5.