bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenge of quality management in crowdsourced translation: the case of the NGO Translators Without Borders
Authors: Krimat Noureddine 
Published: July 2021

The rise of machine translation and translation memories along with the technologies of the Web 2.0 have brought about new flavours and workflows, setting new challenging research pathways for translation studies. Emerging crowdsourcing-based models have been presented as de
facto mainstream approaches in the translation industry. Therefore, exploring the newborn approaches and processes is a priority for translation studies for better insights and further understanding of relevant impacts that may reach the stage of deprofessionalizing the discipline and marginalizing the profession.
To pursue this question, the present paper explores a unique and interesting model of translation that is both crowdsourced and collaborative, the non-profit organization Translators Without Borders or TWB. TWB does not only resort to crowdsourcing to provide humanitarian translation services on pro-bono basis but also maintains a global network of volunteers and deploys a fully fledged environment for translation management as well as quality assurance and control. This paper demonstrates the array of processes adopted by TWB to manage quality and the myriad of challenges it presents. Through TWB model study, this paper investigates the way various theoretical concepts are confronting the industry realities and implications and examines the extent of dynamicity and tolerance thresholds in the application of such concepts.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA UNIFORM COST SEARCH (UCS) UNTUK REKOMENDASI PEMBANGUNAN RUMAH
Authors: Asmara Rellisa Dewi Zita , Yusuf Ridwan , Muharni Sita 
Published: July 2021

Rumah merupakan bangunan untuk tempat tinggal, rumah merupakan tempat yang paling nyaman
dan aman bagi setiap orang. Sehinggga dapat dikatan rumah adalah tempat berkumpulnya keluarga
setelah seharian melakukan kegiatan diluar. Pengumpulan atau pemilihan tipe rumah pada
CV.Wirawan Konsultan Bandar Lampung yang masih dilakukan secara manual menyebabkan
kurang cepatnya informasi yang diperoleh oleh konsumen.Proses pengumpulan data tersebut dapat
diperbaiki dengan penggunaan sistem penerapan algoritma uniform cost search(ucs) berbasis web
yang terhubung ke database untuk data dan informasi tentang pemilihan tipe rumah, bentuk rumah
dan transaksi yang tentunya lebih terstruktur dan lebih mudah.Selain itu, pengumpulan data dan
penyebaran informasi dapat berjalan secara efisien. sistem penerapan algoritma uniform cost
search(ucs)dirancang untuk menjadi media untuk berbagi informasi yang dapat bermanfaat bagi
para pengguna sistem di masa mendatang. Perancangan sistem ini dibuat melalui berbagai tahapan
yang dimulai dengan tahap perancangan sistem perangkat lunak menggunakan metode Object
Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE), tahap perancangan antarmuka hingga tahap implementasi
menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan databaseMySQL.
Kajian Terhadap LGBT Dalam Relasi Tipitaka Pali
Authors: Prapti Kabul 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mengenai LGBT berdasarkan kajian umum, dan untuk mengetahui pandangan mengenai LGKBT berdasarkan kajian Tipiṭaka Pāli Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dimana subyek penelitian adalah LGBT dan Tipitaka Pali Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ini adalah studi pustaka. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles and Huberman. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam teori hukum karma Buddhis Homoseksualitas berdasarkan kamma, merupakan akibat dari perbuatan asusila pada kehidupan sebelumnya. Dalam kajian Islam Ada empat istilah fikih penting yang terkait dengan pembahasan LGBT, yaitu liwath, sihaq, takhonnuts dan tarojjul. Liwat bermakna homoseksual, Sihaq bermakna lesbianisme, takhonnuts bermakna perilaku banci, tarojjul bermakna perilaku tomboi. Semua itu dikatakan haram dan merupakan perbuatan yang tidak suci. Sedangkan gay dan lesbian itu selain dipengaruhi oleh Kamma juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, baik keluarga maupun masyarakat. homoseksual adalah orang-orang yang masih dapat membedakan hal-hal yang baik dan buruk, tidak menuput kemungkinan orang seperti itu lebih bijaksana daripada orang heteroseksual. Orang yang beranggapan bahwa homoseksualitas itu merupakan salah satu jenis sakit jiwa adalah orang yang hanya memperhatikan dari suatu aspek saja dan tidak mempertimbangkan aspek yang lain.
Tristeza, disforia e bem-estar: perspectivas etnográficas sobre a escolarização de Pessoas Trans
Authors: Lima Alef De Oliveira 
Published: July 2021

A proposta deste artigo é atentar etnograficamente para as questões e demandas trazidas por estudantes Trans sobre seu processo de escolarização. A partir da minha experiência como docente voluntário no Coletivo pela Educação Popular, TransEnem, sediado em Porto Alegre (RS), tensiono a vivência escolar dos discentes Trans de modo a percebê-la como algo mais que apenas a passagem pela escola. Por meio de notas retiradas do meu diário de campo e depoimentos feitos durante a construção de oficinas de pesquisa com os/as discentes, constrói-se uma narrativa sobre os sentimentos, a corporeidade, os significados e as percepções que atravessam as potencialidades e vulnerabilidades do ser Trans nos espaços e tempos pedagógicos. O texto ainda problematiza aspectos referentes a subjetivação das identidades Trans e marca os processos políticos da aprendizagem dessas identidades frentes aos diferentes espaços de socialização.
“Se aqui é o inferno, eu sou a principal demônia!”: etnografando agências juvenis LGBT em contextos escolares de Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: Marques Braga José Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

O artigo busca trazer à luz experiências cotidianas das juventudes LGBT em escolas públicas da capital cearense, buscando compreender como esses sujeitos se constroem nesses contextos, como se relacionam com esses espaços e com todos os outros atores sociais que compõem o cenário educacional. Alicerçado pela etnografia nessa investigação, elejo as técnicas de observação participante e conversas informais, com diversos sujeitos envolvidos nos processos educativos, como forma de entender as lógicas de sentido tecidas nos seus cotidianos. Os dados obtidos apontam uma realidade complexa e multifacetada, em que se observa a produção de maneiras múltiplas de experimentar a escola, que variam de uma dominação pela norma até formas de enfrentamento mais explícitas e que, de uma forma ou de outra, impactam na (re)produção e transformação do regramento em torno do gênero e da sexualidade, construindo fissuras na cis-hetero-norma, por onde sujeitos tidos por desviantes caminham, prosseguem e se (re)fazem, mostrando seu poder de agência.
The Influence of Turkish Drama on Socio-Cultural Values of Saudi Women
Authors: Alardawi Merfat , Bajnaid Ayman , Brereton Pat 
Published: July 2021

Dramas made in Turkey are the most popular soap opera-type in the Arab world and are often watched by women. This study aimed to investigate, from a critical perspective, the impact that Turkish dramas (TDs) might have on developing attitudes of Saudi women. While more than 60 country-specific studies in the Middle East and North Africa have investigated the impact of dramas on audiences, Research regarding Saudi Arabia is surprisingly lacking. Therefore, the effect of TDs on Saudi women was examined as part of this study. Qualitative methodology was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Saudi women (aged between 18 and 40) who have watched TDs. Following the groupings, qualitative analysis techniques were employed as part of thematic analysis (TA). The responses of Saudi women highlighted the different types of impacts that TDs have on Saudi audiences: positive, negative, and neutral. The study made a small but essential contribution to an under-researched issue of pleasures of TDs and their representational heuristics in capturing both positive, negative, and so much in between for a particular cohort of Saudi women. It is the first qualitative examination of the impact of TDs on Saudi women&#39;s attitudes.
&nbsp;
Wear Performance of Boronized Layer of Iron-based Powder Metallurgy Materials
Authors: FANG Huimin , XIA Liansen , YU Qingping , ZHANG Guangsheng 
Published: July 2021

Iron-based specimens with boronized layers were prepared by boriding at 800 ℃, 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for 3, 5, and 7 hours, respectively. The thickness, microstructure, surface roughness, friction, and wear performance were studied. Results showed that the process parameters such as temperature, the time of boriding have remarkable impact on the thickness of the boronized layer. Dual-phase was generated at 1000 ℃ which lead to increased brittleness, lower surface hardness, and decreased adhesion to the substrate. Compared with specimens boronized at 1000 ℃ and 800 ℃, the surface structure of the boronized layer of specimens boronized at 900 ℃ is denser and uniform, the wear track is not damaged. The average friction coefficient and mass loss by wear of specimens boronized at 900 °C are smaller than that of boronized at 1000 ℃ and 800 ℃, indicating that specimens borided at 900 ℃ behave excellent friction and wear performance.
Management of Post-Circumcision Glans/Penile Necrosis
Authors: Arikan Yusuf , Ayten Ali 
Published: July 2021

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin covering the glans and is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures in the world. Although there is evidence that the first circumcision was performed in Egypt in 4000 BC, according to some anthropologists, it dates back to the 10th millennium BC. The purpose of medical circumcision is to obtain enough foreskin to expose the glans penis and to prevent medical problems caused by the foreskin. Although it is known that the complications arising from these procedures are not well documented, the complication rates in the literature vary between 1 and 15%, when evaluated according to age, the rate of post-circumcision complications in newborns is reported to be approximately 0.2-0.6% and this rate is 10 times higher between the ages of 1-9. Various complications such as bleeding, infection, incomplete and insufficient circumcision, hematoma, penile adhesion, urinary retention, glanular injury, necrosis and urethral narrowing have been reported. In this book section, one of the complications, penile necrosis, will be explained in the light of the literature.
Analytical Accuracy of RET Fusion Detection by Break-Apart Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Baker Jessica A. , Sireci Anthony N. , Marella Narasimha , Cannon Holly Kay , Marquart Tyler J. , Holzer Timothy R. , Reising Leslie O'Neill , Cook Joel D. , Wijayawardana Sameera R. , Bodo Juraj , Hsi Eric D. , Schade Andrew E. , Oakley Gerard J. 
Published: July 2021

Context.—
RET gene fusions are oncogenic drivers in nonsmall cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Selpercatinib (RETEVMO), a targeted inhibitor of RET, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of RET fusion–positive nonsmall cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer emphasizing the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis of RET fusions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to detect gene rearrangements, but its performance detecting RET rearrangements is understudied.

Objective.—
To validate and describe the performance of Abbott Molecular RET break-apart FISH probes for detecting RET rearrangements.

Design.—
A training set with RET fusion–positive (13) and RET fusion–negative nonsmall cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer samples (12) was used to establish criteria for FISH scoring. The scoring criteria was then applied to a larger validation set of samples (96).

Results.—
A cutoff of 19% or more positive nuclei by FISH was established in the training set and determined by the mean ±3 SD. The validation set was tested using Abbott Molecular RET break-apart FISH compared with sequencing. With this cutoff, a sensitivity of 86% (12 of 14) and specificity of 99% (81 of 82) was achieved. Bootstrapping showed sensitivity could be optimized by using a greater than 13% cutoff with indeterminate samples of 13% to 18% abnormal nuclei requiring confirmation by an orthogonal method. Using this 3-tier scoring system sensitivity increased to 100% (14 of 14) and specificity was 96% (79 of 82).

Conclusions.—
Abbott Molecular break-apart FISH probes can be used to detect RET fusions. Laboratories can optimize cutoffs and/or testing algorithms to maximize sensitivity and specificity to ensure appropriate patients receive effective, timely therapy.
EMPREENDEDORISMO SOCIAL NO NÚCLEO EXTENSIONISTA RONDON/UDESC
Authors: Bittencourt Donizete de Souza , Márcia Marques Santos Vera 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisou a correlação entre as atividades realizadas no NER/UDESC com o empreendedorismo social. No decorrer da pesquisa, percebemos que o trabalho interdisciplinar realizado pelo referido núcleo favorece a visão integradora social, aliando o conhecimento acadêmico do ensino com as atividades de extensão universitária. Essas, por sua vez, reverberam nas comunidades, cumprindo com uma importante função para a formação acadêmica e retorno deste conhecimento para a sociedade. Cabe ressaltar que as atividades realizadas, foram subsidiadas nas oito áreas da Extensão Universitária, e são realizadas com pessoas de todas as faixas etária, nas diversas regiões do Brasil. Essas atividades exemplificam a justificam o empreendedorismo social, que vem emergindo desde a década de 1990, caracterizando-se pela responsabilidade social, considerando-se que os empreendedores sociais não visam lucro e sim o bem-estar coletivo, o empreendedorismo social.
PROJETO RONDON
Authors: Lima Eduardo do Valle 
Published: July 2021

O presente relato de experiência trata da participação de 02 (dois) docentes e 08 (oito) discentes da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA do Pará, da 16º Operação realizada pelo Núcleo Extensionista Rondon – NER / UDESC, no oeste de Santa Catarina. O desafio institucional foi aceito com o objetivo de entender a aplicação do Projeto Rondon desenvolvido a 10 (anos) pelo NER / UDESC, como poderosa ferramenta de Extensão Universitária. O Projeto Rondon desenvolvido pelo NER / UDESC não leva somente serviços a sociedade para o seu desenvolvimento sustentável, mas permite aos dissentes de graduação a oportunidade de vivenciarem suas teorias acadêmicas na prática da sociedade. Tudo de forma não assistencialista, pois a troca de saberes se constitui em princípio básico. Há o fortalecimento da formação cidadã aos discentes e a essência de uma educação popular para todos, que extrapola o conceito de carência. Futuramente esta metodologia de Projeto Rondon também poderá ser aplicada pela UFRA no Pará e Amazônia
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Superior. Educação Popular. Operação Rondon. Oficinas Rondon. Núcleo Extensionista Rondon.
Copper Catalyzed‐TBHP/DTBP Promoted C(sp2)−H Bond Scission of Aldehydes: An Approach to Transform Aldehyde to Esters
Authors: Dagar Neha , Singh Swati , Roy Sudipta Raha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe direct oxidative C(sp2)−H functionalization represents a step and atom economical approach for the utilization of aldehyde as promising acyl surrogates. A mild and practical copper catalyzed‐TBHP/DTBP promoted esterification of aldehydes in the presence of alkyl halides and alcohols has been developed. This strategy relies on naturally abundant aldehydes as acyl precursors, which can further couple with readily available alkyl halides/alcohols to transform into esters. Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that aldehyde in the presence of tert‐butoxy radical transforms into acyl radical. This protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope along with wide functional group compatibility and is applicable to a wide range of aldehydes, including challenging aliphatic aldehydes to undergo the C(sp2)−H bond scission to furnish the desired esters in good to excellent yields.
Wechselstromelektrolyse als effizientes Instrument für die direkte elektrochemische Oxidation von Hydroxamsäuren für die Acyl‐Nitroso Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion
Authors: Fährmann Jan , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBeschrieben wird die Acyl‐Nitroso Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion von 1,3‐Dienen mit elektrochemisch oxidierten Hydroxamsäuren. Durch die Verwendung von Wechselstrom konnte ihr elektro‐induzierter Zerfall zugunsten der 1,2‐Oxazin‐Cycloadditionsprodukte unterdrückt werden. Die Reaktion wurde mittels statistischer Versuchsplanung (Design of Experiment, DoE) optimiert und durch einen Sensitivitätstest weiter untersucht. Ein Gemisch aus Triethylamin und Hexafluorisopropanol dient als Leitsalz in Dichlormethan, wodurch hochreine Produkte nach Verdampfen der flüchtigen Komponenten gewonnen werden können. Mit den optimierten Bedingungen wurden verschiedene 1,3‐Diene und Hydroxamsäuren umgesetzt, deren Produkte in bis zu 96 % Ausbeute isoliert wurden.
PBAT/PLA/cellulose nanocrystals biocomposites compatibilized with polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA)
Authors: Nunes Fabio Caixeta , Ribeiro Kairin Cristine , Martini Fabio André , Barrioni Breno Rocha , Santos João Paulo Ferreira , Melo Carvalho Benjamim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of biodegradable polymers has grown exponentially due to their lower environmental impact when compared to conventional polymers. In this sense, biocomposites are an alternative due to their promising properties, maintaining biodegradability. For this purpose, in the present study, a biodegradable biocomposite of PBAT (poly [butylene adipate co‐terephthalate]) and PLA (polylactide) blend containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were obtained, using polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) as a coupling agent. Seven formulations were produced by extrusion and had their structure, morphology, thermal, and rheological properties analyzed. The results showed a significant improvement of adhesion among the components using PE‐g‐MA as a coupling agent. Moreover, CNC and PE‐g‐MA increased the PLA crystallinity degree and reduced the complex viscosity. These results are unprecedented in the literature using these compositions and extrusion processing conditions. Therefore, these new insights provide a vast horizon for the use of biodegradable mixtures using PBAT/PLA and CNC.
PCM nanofibrous composites based on PEG/PVA incorporated by TiO2/Ag nanoparticles for thermal energy management
Authors: Salimian Sadaf , Montazer Majid , Rashidi Abu Saeed , Soleimani Neda , Bashiri Rezaie Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, form‐stable phase change material fibrous composite containing nanoparticles was prepared via a single‐step green approach using single‐nozzle electrospinning for the first time. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and water were used as PCM, polymeric support and safe solvent together with simultaneous formation of nanoparticles. The introduced manner not only is free from applying organic solvents, separate addition, or buying nanoparticles and coaxial electrospinning but also it is easy and cost‐effective to use for different applications. Thermal energy storage capacity of the fabricated samples reached to 135.88 and 136.27 J/g in melting process for the nanofibers and nanofibers with nanoparticles, respectively, which are mostly higher than the reported works. Meanwhile supercooling temperature was decreased for (50% PVA/50% PEG/0.1% AgNO3/1% TiO2) nanofibers compared to the other fabricated composites and the pure PEG. The effects of different weight ratio of polymers in spinning solutions, amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silver nitrate, range of phase change transition and thermal endurance and stability of the samples were further discussed in details. Altogether, this renders a single‐step safe route for producing form‐stable PCM nanofibrous composites and also a broad insight concerning the thermal behavior of such composites for diverse renewable energy applications.
Redirecting Cisplatin and Doxorubicin to Mitochondria Affords Highly Effective PlatinumIV Prodrug Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Muhammad Nafees , Cai‐Ping Tan , Nasreen Sadia , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA mitochondria targeting dual‐action platinumIV prodrug exhibits high anticancer activity in triple negative breast cancer cells. The complex intervenes in several cellular processes including DNA damage, perturbation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and induction of necrosis to kill cancer cells.
A portable impedance microflow cytometer for measuring cellular response to hypoxia
Authors: Dieujuste Darryl , Qiang Yuhao , Du E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents the development and testing of a low‐cost (<$60), portable, electrical impedance‐based microflow cytometer for single‐cell analysis under a controlled oxygen microenvironment. The system is based on an AD5933 impedance analyzer chip, a microfluidic chip, and an Arduino microcontroller operated by a custom Android application. A representative case study on human red blood cells (RBCs) affected by sickle cell disease is conducted to demonstrate the capability of the cytometry system. Impedance values of sickle blood samples exhibit remarkable deviations from the common reference line obtained from two normal blood samples. Such deviation is quantified by a conformity score, which allows for the measurement of intrapatient and interpatient variations of sickle cell disease. A low conformity score under oxygenated conditions or drastically different conformity scores between oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions can be used to differentiate a sickle blood sample from normal. Furthermore, an equivalent circuit model of a suspended biological cell is used to interpret the electrical impedance of single flowing RBCs. In response to hypoxia treatment, all samples, regardless of disease state, exhibit significant changes in at least one single‐cell electrical property, that is, cytoplasmic resistance and membrane capacitance. The overall response to hypoxia is less in normal cells than those affected by sickle cell disease, where the change in membrane capacitance varies from −23% to seven times as compared with −17% in normal cells. The results reported in this article suggest that the developed method of testing demonstrates the potential application for a low‐cost screening technique for sickle cell disease and other diseases in the field and low‐resource settings. The developed system and methodology can be extended to analyze cellular response to hypoxia in other cell types.
Application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy with an emphasis on cell cycle
Authors: Almanghadim Hossein Ghahramani , Nourollahzadeh Zahra , Khademi Nazanin Sadat , Tezerjani Masoud Dehghan , Sehrig Fatemeh Zeinali , Estelami Neda , Shirvaliloo Milad , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Sargazi Saman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to their unique characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) could be incorporated into valuable therapeutic modalities for different diseases; however, there are many concerns about risk factors in human applications. NPs carry therapeutic chemicals that could improve the outcome of cancer therapies. Nowadays, NPs are being recognized as important and strategic agents in treatment of several disorders due to their unique properties in targeting malignant cells in tumor sites. Numerous investigations have shown that the majority of chemotherapeutic agents can be modified through entrapment in submicron colloidal systems. Still, there are problems and limitations in application of NPs in cancer therapy. The aim of the present study is to focus on potential NPs usage in cancer treatment with an emphasis on the cell cycle of malignant cells.