bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: A prospective study from Western India
Authors: Memon Saba S. , Lila Anurag , Barnabas Rohit , Goroshi Manjunath , Sarathi Vijaya , Shivane Vyankatesh , Patil Virendra , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension commonly coexist; however, underlying primary aldosteronism (PA) can lead to worsening of hypertension, glycemia and cardiovascular risk. We aim to screen patients with T2DM and hypertension for PA by conducting a prospective monocentric study from Western India, which included adults with T2DM and hypertension from the outpatient diabetes clinic.DesignProspective study.Patients and MeasurementsPatients with an aldosterone renin ratio of ≥1.6 ng/dl/µIU/ml with plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) ≥ 10 ng/dl were considered to be positive on a screening test. A PAC ≥ 6 ng/dl on seated saline suppression test (SST) was used to confirm the diagnosis of PA.ResultsFour hundred and eighty‐six patients were included in this study. Seventy‐six (15.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.7%–19.1%) patients had a positive screening test with positive confirmatory test in 20 of the 36 (55.5%, 95% CI: 39.3%–71.7%) screen‐positive patients who underwent SST. Patients with positive screening test had a higher proportion of females (65.8% vs. 50%; p = .011), frequent history of hypertensive crises (21.1% vs. 8%; p = .001), uncontrolled blood pressure (51.3% vs. 34.6%; p = .006), diagnosis of hypertension before diabetes (32.9% vs. 21.7%; p = .035) and higher systolic (137.6 ± 6.9 vs. 131.2 ± 17.8 mmHg; p = .004) and diastolic (85.3 ± 11.1 vs. 81.7 ± 10.7 mmHg; p = .007) blood pressures. Patients with positive confirmatory test had longer duration of diabetes (108 [60–162] vs. 42 [24–87] months; p = .012), hypertension (84 [42–153] vs. 36 [15–81] months; p = .038) and higher creatinine (1.16 [1.02–1.42] vs. 0.95 [0.84–1.12] mg/dl; p = .021).ConclusionsPA is prevalent (at least 4.1%) in Asian Indian patients with T2DM and hypertension. Further studies are needed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of routine screening.
Intra‐family Income Redistribution and Its Dynamic Changes among the Elderly in China: 2002–2018
Authors: Jia Hanrui , Zhan Peng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of household income redistribution on income inequality among the elderly from 2002 to 2018. It defines shared income and measures how each family member's contributions affect income inequality among the elderly. The study has three major findings. First, from 2013 to 2018, the role of household shared income in reducing income inequality among the elderly increased. Second, the proportion of shared income contributed by children was the highest overall, reaching 11.0 percent nationwide and even 17.9 percent in rural areas in 2018. The contribution of shared income to inequality was also higher among the rural elderly. Grandchildren under 16 largely received shared income from the elderly, and the income transferred by the male elderly to their wives was obvious. Third, changes in family structure narrowed the inequality gap among the elderly in the periods 2002–2013 and 2013–2018.
Quality of Life and Relative Household Energy Consumption in China
Authors: Shi Xunpeng , Cheong Tsun Se , Yu Jian , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing household energy consumption, mainly due to consumption upgrading, will create tough challenges for China if that country is to achieve peak carbon emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. However, this critical issue has not been explored comprehensively in the literature. Using China Family Panel Studies data and the distribution dynamics approach, this article is the first study to examine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) (proxied by consumption upgrading) and relative household energy consumption (RHEC). The results show that convergence clubs exist in all QOL groups for the RHEC, but they are more evident in the groups with lower middle and low QOL. This is encouraging because they suggest that an improvement in QOL does not necessarily lead to a higher level of energy consumption. The dataset was then divided into rural‐urban and regional subgroups to further explore the impacts of these different characteristics on energy consumption. Significant disparities are found among the same QOL groups between urban and rural households and among different regions. The results derived from this study lead to pragmatic policy suggestions in areas including energy saving, emissions reduction, and particularly alleviation of inequality.
TYK2 inhibition and its potential in the treatment of chronic inflammatory immune diseases
Authors: Ghoreschi Kamran , Augustin Matthias , Baraliakos Xenofon , Krönke Gerhard , Schneider Matthias , Schreiber Stefan , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Zeißig Sebastian , Thaçi Diamant 
Published: September 2021

SummaryImmune‐mediated chronic inflammatory diseases have emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries over the last decades. Although multiple putative factors have been suspected to be causally related to the diseases, their overarching etiology remains unknown.This review article summarizes the current state of scientific knowledge and understanding of the role of non‐receptor tyrosine kinases, with a special focus on the Janus kinase TYK2 in autoimmune and immune mediated diseases as well as on the clinical properties of its inhibition.A panel of experts in the field discussed the scientific evidence and molecular rationale for TYK2 inhibition and its clinical application. Reviewing this meeting, we aim at providing an integrated overview of the clinical profile of TYK2 inhibition and its potential in targeted pharmacological therapy of chronic autoimmune and immune‐mediated diseases, with a special focus on inflammatory diseases of the skin.
Seasonal variation in community composition and distributional ranges of birds along a subtropical elevation gradient in China
Authors: Liang Dan , Pan Xinyuan , Luo Xu , Wenda Cheng , Zhao Yanyan , Hu Yiming , Robinson Scott K. , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimSeasonal variation in community composition and species distributional ranges along elevational gradients remain poorly known but are essential to inform conservation. In this study, we aim to understand how species richness, community composition and elevational ranges of montane birds change between the breeding and the non‐breeding season.LocationThe east slope of the southern Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, southwest China, elevational range: 700–3,400 m a.s.l.; latitudinal range: 24°56′–26°09′N.MethodsWe compared species richness and community composition of birds in nine 300‐m elevational bands in the breeding (April–May) and non‐breeding (December–January) seasons. We also calculated seasonal elevational shifts of 97 species with sufficient data recorded in both seasons and assessed how species' traits influenced these shifts.ResultsSpecies richness declined in high and low elevations between the breeding and the non‐breeding season. The temporal beta diversity shift from the breeding to the non‐breeding season was mainly caused by species losses rather than species gains in high‐ and low‐elevation communities. Communities in middle elevations showed a contrasting pattern, with seasonal composition change resulting mainly from species gains. We also found that species' seasonal distribution shifts were mainly associated with breeding elevation and diet. Notably, high‐ and middle‐elevation breeders and insectivores significantly shifted their elevational ranges downslope in the non‐breeding season. In addition, species that participate in mixed‐species flocks and that rely on forests also showed significant downslope shifts in the non‐breeding season.Main conclusionsThese results show complex patterns of the interconnectedness of bird communities along the elevational gradient. Keeping forests at middle elevations intact appears especially important as they are used in winter by species that breed at both high and middle elevations. Furthermore, our results suggested conservation actions maintaining connectedness in low and middle elevations are urgently needed to conserve regional biodiversity and highlight the importance of seasonality in montane ecosystem research.
A field method for rapidly assessing deer density and impacts in forested ecosystems
Authors: Bennett Ami , Fedrigo Melissa , Greet Joe 
Published: September 2021

SummaryOverabundant deer populations can cause severe ecological impacts. To inform management decisions and assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, land managers require a rapid and cost‐effective method for collecting data on both deer density and impacts. Here, we describe a field method for rapidly and concurrently assessing indices of deer density and impacts in forested habitats, and using field data collected in 2019–2020, we demonstrate its performance. The method combines commonly used protocols for surveying deer faecal pellets, vegetation impact and floristic attributes, without relying on indicator species. The survey involves assessment of 150‐m transects in forested habitats along which 30 plots are surveyed for faecal pellets of deer and sympatric herbivores (here, Swamp Wallaby, Wallabia bicolor), and impacts on woody trees and shrubs at different heights. In total, we surveyed 154 transects comprising 15,941 plant impact assessments and assessed the methods performance using basic and comparative statistics, and power analyses. Almost all plant species were similarly impacted at the local (transect) level. Indices of deer and Swamp Wallaby density explained similar amounts of variance in impacts <1 m, while the deer index explained much more of the variance in impacts >1 m. We detected differences in vegetation impact and other floristic attributes between four locations surveyed in 2020 from a modest sample size (23–24 transects). The method is simple to implement and can be applied in a wide range of forest types. In comparison to alternatives (e.g. fenced exclosures), this method presents a rapid and cost‐effective means of collecting information on deer density and impacts, and detecting large differences in impact. We suggest that the proposed method enables rapid landscape‐scale assessments of deer impacts suitable for evaluating management interventions.
Hydraulic adaptability promotes tree life spans under climate dryness
Authors: Xu Chongyang , Liu Hongyan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTree life spans, as an important determinant of carbon turnover in forest ecosystems, are strongly linked to climate change. Enhanced drought has led to extensive tree mortality, but whether climate dryness will widely shorten tree life spans remains unclear. Here we aimed to establish the relationship between climate dryness and tree life span, and identify the regulatory effects of functional traits on tree life span.LocationGlobal.Time periodUntil 2015.Major taxa studiedWoody plants.MethodsWe used tree ring records sampled at 2,348 sites ranging from the tropics to Arctic regions to estimate tree life span. First, we investigated which of nine functional traits related to trees' adaptability best explained the variation in tree life span. Second, we established a structural equation model between climate dryness, functional traits and tree life span to illustrate the regulatory effects of climate dryness and trees' adaptability on tree life span.ResultsOur results suggested that tree life span significantly increased with climate dryness across biomes. Hydraulic traits indicating the adaptability of trees to climate dryness regulated the relationship between climate dryness and tree life span. Trees with high‐density wood or with high resistance to drought‐induced embolisms extend their life span with increasing climate dryness, but climate dryness reduces the life spans of low‐drought‐tolerance trees.Main conclusionsTree life span is not fixed within species but regulated by climate dryness and trees' hydraulic adaptability to drought. Our large‐scale links between climate change and tree life span allow for incorporation of these factors into future Earth system models for a better representation of climate‐driven forest dynamics.
Performance of Abbott Alinity hq hematology analyzer for automated cell counting of body fluids
Authors: Herroelen Pauline H. , Demeester Simke , Damiaens Serge , Evenepoel Anton , Jochmans Kristin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionBody fluid cell counting and differentiation provide essential information for diagnosis and monitoring of diverse pathologies. We evaluated the performance of the newly launched Abbott Alinity hq hematology analyzer for automated cell counting in body fluids and compared red blood cell (RBC) and total nucleated cell (TNC) counts with the Cell‐Dyn Sapphire automated hematology analyzer. Differential counts were compared with microscopic differentiation on cytocentrifuged preparations.MethodsBackground concentration limits, limit of detection (LOD), linearity, imprecision, functional sensitivity and carryover were evaluated. For method comparison, we collected 172 body fluids (17 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids, 56 cerebrospinal fluids and 99 serous fluids).ResultsBackground concentration limits were ≤1000 cells/μL for RBC counts and ≤3 cells/μL for TNC counts. The LOD was 1000 RBC/µL and 5 TNC/µL. Results from linear regression analysis revealed excellent linearity. Functional sensitivity was 3000 cells/µL for RBC counts and 50 cells/µL for TNC counts. Carryover was 0.6% and 0.1% for TNC and RBC, respectively. The Alinity hq shows good clinical performance.ConclusionWe demonstrated comparable performance for body fluid cell counting between the Alinity hq analyzer and the Cell‐Dyn Sapphire. The Alinity hq can be very useful as a screening tool for body fluid cell counting.
Psychological, physical, and social effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital nurses
Authors: Häussl Alfred , Ehmann Eva , Pacher Angelika , Knödl Katrin , Huber Teresa , Neundlinger Lydia , Osmanovic Asmir , Plank‐Straner Anja , Walter Petra , Schüssler Sandra , Schoberer Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe study aim was to explore the physical, mental, and social effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Austrian nurses working in hospitals.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic required nurses to work extremely hard and over long periods, which can have physical, psychological, and social consequences.MethodsThis study was carried out using a qualitative descriptive design and data was collected through individual interviews using an interview guide. A qualitative content analysis was conducted taking both deductive and inductive approaches.FindingsEighteen nurses (average age of 34.7 years) participated in the study. Theirgeneral attitude and feelingsregarding working during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the hospital setting were positive. Severalbehavioral changesin the nurses’ daily working and private daily lives were reported.Psychological impactsincluded the fear of infecting someone at home, insomnia, and sadness. Headaches, diarrhea, muscle tension, skin redness, and increased sweating were identified as the most commonphysical impacts. In terms ofsocial impact, all nurses mentioned social isolation and the increased use of (new) media.ConclusionsWorking with people suffering from COVID‐19 had psychological and physical effects on caregivers. Caregivers felt socially isolated in their private environments; however, they often compensated for this isolation by using social media.Implications for nursing and implications for nursing policyStaff perceived the provision of sufficient information, regular team meetings, and the employer's positive reinforcement as supportive, enhancing their feelings of security.We recommend providing more psychological support and making structural adjustments in daily clinical practice to counteract the negative effects of working during a pandemic.
Erratum for structural features of (Li,Na,K)PO3 mixed alkali metaphosphate glass for significant anisotropy
Authors: Endo Jun , Inaba Seiji , Homma Osamu , Suzuki Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe manuscript contains mistakes in the structure of the Q3 unit in Figure 1, the title and AR values in Table 3, and two sentences in Section 3.2. These errata acknowledge and correct the mistakes. The corrections do not lead to any changes in the discussion or conclusions.
Nurses’ experiences of a recertification process involving a series of examinations to obtain a nursing license in a new country
Authors: Högstedt Denice , Engström Maria , Eriksson Elisabet , Jansson Inger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo examine internationally educated nurses’ (IENs’) experiences of the recertification process when undergoing a series of examinations to test their nursing knowledge and skills and, thereby, obtain a Swedish nursing license.DesignA qualitative study with a descriptive design.MethodsA convenience sample of 15 IENs at the end of the recertification process was included. Data were collected using semi‐structured telephone interviews between September 2019 and January 2021 and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsConducting the recertification process to obtain a Swedish nursing license was challenging in many ways, and the nurses described a rollercoaster of emotions during the process: frustration, loneliness, stress and anxiety, but also happiness, pride and relief. The process was, for some, so demanding they almost gave up, and support was, therefore crucial for the nurses. However, many times, they had to struggle to find out where they could turn for help or guidance.ConclusionThe nurses found the formal support during the recertification process to be inadequate and inaccessible. For this reason, and to decrease the risk of nurses dropping out and instead taking unlicensed jobs, there is a need to develop and introduce more supportive structures and to make the existing support and information more accessible for the nurses.ImpactThis study highlights the importance of offering accessible support during a demanding and challenging recertification process. These findings can help policymakers develop and introduce supportive structures in the process of recertification for IENs.
Habitat association constrains population history in two sympatric ovenbirds along Amazonian floodplains
Authors: Elizangela dos Santos Barbosa Waleska , Ferreira Mateus , de Deus Schultz Eduardo , Willians Luna Leilton , Orsi Laranjeiras Thiago , Aleixo Alexandre , Cherem Ribas Camila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAmazonian floodplains include distinct types of seasonally flooded habitats, determined by the flooding regime and sedimentation dynamics. Some bird species prefer specific habitat types within the floodplains. To investigate whether distinct habitats are differentially affected by geologic and climatic history, we compare population history in a sympatric and closely related pair of ovenbird species with different habitat associations.LocationAmazonian floodplains.TaxaSynallaxis albigularis and Mazaria propinqua (Aves; Furnariidae).MethodsOccurrence records were obtained from museums and public databases. Genomic data included nuclear loci (UCE) and the mitogenome for 49 samples. SNPs from UCE data were used to infer population genetic structure and effective migration. Mitogenomes were used to build phylogenetic trees and chronograms. Both datasets were used to infer historical demographic changes and test demographic scenarios.ResultsS. albigularis includes geographically structured mtDNA clades with a crown age of 250 ka, whereas M. propinqua includes a single clade with a crown age of 38 ka. Effective migration is lower at the base of the Andes for S. albigularis and at the lower Negro River for M. propinqua. Population expansion is detected for both species during the Quaternary, but was steeper and more recent in M. propinqua.Main conclusionsThe differences in population histories relate to distinct habitat associations along Amazonian floodplains. Preference of M. propinqua for more ephemeral island habitats may favour local extinctions, leading to demographic change, low genetic variability, no population structure and smaller effective population size. In contrast, more resilient habitats along the floodplains inhabited by S. albigularis may sustain local populations, generating and maintaining local diversity. Our results suggest that climatic variations of the late Pleistocene and Holocene caused changes in distribution and connectivity of the different types of habitats along the Amazonian floodplains, affecting gene flow and population sizes of associated bird populations.
Effects of shades of a multilayered zirconia on light transmission, monomer conversion, and bond strength of resin cement
Authors: de Araújo Neto Vitaliano Gomes , Soto‐Montero Jorge , de Castro Eduardo Fernandes , Feitosa Victor Pinheiro , Rueggeberg Frederick Allen , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of shades of a multilayered zirconia on light transmission, resin cement degree of conversion, and shear bond strength of resin cement.Materials and methodsThe light transmission through opaque (OPQ) and translucent (TNS) regions of Katana UTML zirconia (Kuraray Noritake Dental) were evaluated for using a spectroradiometer (n = 5). Degree of conversion of dual‐cure resin cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake Dental) was measured after light‐activation through OPQ or TNS regions and direct exposure. Composition of the zirconia was analyzed with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated on the OPQ and TNS regions after 24 h and 1 year from specimen preparation (n = 15).ResultsThe OPQ region produced higher irradiance loss (95.1%) than TNS one (92.9%), and lower degree of conversion (52.4%) than TNS (71.2%) at 24 h post‐light activation. EDS analysis did not show differences on the microstructure of the OPQ and TNS regions. There were no significant differences on the SBS between zirconia regions. For both zirconia regions, a significant reduction on the SBS occurred after aging, being 31.7% for OPQ and 38% for TNS.ConclusionBoth OPQ and TNS regions affected the light transmission through the multilayered zirconia. The OPQ region yielded the highest light attenuation and the lowest degree of conversion of resin cement. Different regions of the zirconia did not influence the SBS. Clinical significance Although opaque and translucent regions of the multilayered zirconia reduced the light transmission from LED curing unit and the degree of conversion of resin cement, the regions did not affect the resin cement adhesion.