bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational stress among teachers of learners with special needs
Authors: Adigun Olufemi Timothy , Mngomezulu Thanduxolo Peace 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the prediction of occupational stress through personality traits, gender and occupational stress among teachers of learners with special needs (TLSN) from the southwest, Nigeria. The transactional stress theory provided a framework for the study. Data were collected through a paper–pencil self‐completed questionnaire. Data collected were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p < 0.05. The response rate was 94.4%. A total of 287 male and 185 female TLSN participated in this study. Findings revealed a significant association between extraversion, agreeableness; openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and occupational stress of TLSN. Participants with extraversion and openness both has highest likelihood of exhibiting occupational stress. Male TLSN had a greater likelihood of exhibiting occupational stress. The study concluded that male TLSN with extraversion and openness personality traits has high proportion of occupational stress. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations were made.
Post‐treatment serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive mac‐2‐binding protein level is a useful predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma development after hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , Tsuzura Hironori , Kita Yuji , Ikeda Yuji , Kabemura Daishi , Sato Sho , Amano Nozomi , Yatagai Noboru , Murata Ayato , Shimada Yuji , Genda Takuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsRecent advances of direct‐acting antiviral drugs for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have dramatically improved the sustained virologic response (SVR) rate, but hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development rarely occurs even in patients who achieve an SVR. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) was recently developed as a noninvasive biomarker of liver fibrosis. However, the association between the WFA+‐M2BP level and HCC development after the achievement of an SVR is unclear.Methods and ResultsWe examined the association between WFA+‐M2BP and HCC development in 522 HCV patients who achieved an SVR (Interferon [IFN]‐based therapy, n = 228; IFN‐free therapy, n = 294). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high WFA+‐M2BP level at SVR week 24 after treatment (SVR24) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.215, P = 0.020), low platelet counts (HR = 0.876, P = 0.037), and old age (HR = 1.073, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for HCC development regardless of the treatment regimen. Receiver operator characteristics curve analysis revealed that a WFA+‐M2BP level at SVR24 of ≥1.62 cut‐off index (COI) was the cut‐off value for the prediction of HCC development (adjusted HR = 12.565, 95% CI 3.501–45.092, P < 0.001). The 3‐ and 5‐year cumulative incidences of HCC were 1% and 1.6% in patients with low WFA+‐M2BP at SVR24 (<1.62 COI), and 4.7% and 12.5% in patients with high WFA+‐M2BP (≥1.62 COI) were, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe assessment of liver fibrosis using the WFA+‐M2BP level at SVR24 is a useful predictor of HCC development after HCV eradication even in the IFN‐free therapy era.
HIV acquisition in pregnancy: implications for mother‐to‐child transmission at the population level in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Marston Milly , Risher Kathryn , Mahy Mary I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionA recent sero‐discordant couple study showed an elevated risk of HIV‐acquisition during the pregnancy/postpartum period per‐condomless‐coital‐act. This, along with previous studies, has led to concern over possible increased risk of mother‐to‐child (vertical) transmission, due to the initial high viral load in the first months after seroconversion, in a time when the woman and health services may be unaware of her status. This study looks at whether behavioural differences during the pregnant/postpartum period could reduce the impact of elevated risk of HIV acquisition per‐condomless‐coital‐act at the population level.MethodsWe used data from 60 demographic and health surveys from 32 sub‐Saharan African countries. Using the HIV status of couples, we estimated differences in serodiscordancy between HIV‐negative women who were pregnant/postpartum compared to those who were not pregnant/postpartum. We compare the risk of sexual activity over the pregnant/postpartum period to those not pregnant/postpartum. Using these risks of serodiscordancy and sexual activity along with estimates of increased HIV risk in the pregnancy/postpartum period per‐condomless‐coital‐act, we estimated a population‐level risk of HIV acquisition and acute infection, during pregnancy/postpartum compared to those not pregnant/postpartum.ResultsSexual activity during pregnancy/postpartum varies considerably. In general, sexual activity is high in the first trimester of pregnancy, then declines to levels lower than among women not pregnant/postpartum, and is at its lowest in the first months postpartum. Adjusted for age and survey, pooled results show HIV‐negative pregnant women are less likely to have an HIV‐positive partner compared to those not pregnant/postpartum (risk ratio (RR) = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.68–0.89) and comparing the postpartum period (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73–0.99). Estimated population‐level risk for HIV acquisition and acute infection in pregnancy/postpartum was lower than would be inferred directly from per‐condomless‐coital‐act estimates in most countries, over the time of most risk of mother‐to‐child transmission, though there was variation by country and month of pregnancy/postpartum.ConclusionsEstimates of population‐level HIV acquisition risk in sub‐Saharan Africa should not be taken directly from per‐condomless‐coital‐act studies to estimate vertical transmission. Changes in sexual behaviour and differences in HIV‐serodiscordancy during pregnancy/postpartum reduce the impact of increased risk of HIV acquisition per‐condomless‐coital‐act, this will vary by region.
Long‐term straw mulching in a no‐till field improves soil functionality and rice yield by increasing soil enzymatic activity and chemical properties in paddy soils
Authors: Iqbal Anas , Khan Abdullah , Green Stefan J , Ali Izhar , He Liang , Zeeshan Muhammad , Luo Yuqiong , Wu Xiaoyan , Wei Shangqin , Jiang Ligeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe degradation in soil quality over the last four decades poses a major threat to the sustainability of the puddled transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) system in southern China. Conservation tillage practices (CTPs) such as no‐tillage and crop straw mulching (SM) are considered effective strategies for achieving sustainable crop production.AimsThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of different CTPs on crop yield and soil properties in an ongoing long‐term field experiment (2008–2020), particularly changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activities and their relationship with rice grain yield.MethodsFive treatments including conventional tillage (CT), CT and straw retention, CT and SM (CT‐SM), no‐tillage (NT), and NT and SM (NT‐SM) were applied at a field scale over a period of 12 years. In Years 11 (2019) and 12 (2020), soil samples were collected at two depths (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) after rice harvesting. Soil chemical traits, enzymatic activities, and rice production were measured in response to different CTPs treatments, and differences between treatments were assessed.ResultsSoil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), available N, total phosphorus (P), and available P were significantly higher in CTP treatments, compared with CT. The activities of soil enzymes including invertase, acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, β‐glucosidase, and cellulase were significantly higher in CTP soils, compared with CT soils. A general trend of lower enzyme activity was observed at the deeper soil depth. The NT‐SM treatment fields consistently produced the highest grain yield and larges differences in edaphic properties relative to the CT fields; however, all CTP treatments lead to significant increases in grant yield and edaphic properties relative to CT. A correlation analysis demonstrated that the enhancement in soil enzymatic activities contributed to soil quality and grain yield of rice.ConclusionsThe results of this long‐term field study indicate that the use of CTPs in paddy soil can benefit farmers in southern China by improving soil functionality and sustainability and the grain yield of rice.
Investigations of granular specimen size effect in interface shear box test using a micro‐polar continuum description
Authors: Bauer Erich , Ebrahimian Babak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParametric studies were carried out to investigate the effects of specimen size and interface friction angle on the mechanical behaviour of a cohesionless granular material in the interface shear box test under constant normal load and plane strain conditions. For a description of the pressure and density dependent properties of granular materials such as sand, a micro‐polar hypoplastic continuum model is used. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain the evolution of the deformations and the shear resistance for three different specimen lengths and interface friction angles using the finite element method in the updated Lagrange frame. Due to the presence of lateral rigid boundaries of the shear box, the deformations and the stresses became significantly inhomogeneous within the granular specimen. Correspondingly, the mobilised interface shear resistance and the deformation field within the specimen were not uniform along the interface. In the case of higher interface friction angles, the evolution of the mechanical quantities along the interface can also be influenced by the specimen size. It is shown that the calculated average friction angle mobilised along a rough interface is influenced by the shear box length and it can be lower than the prescribed one. In addition, the influence of sidewall friction inside the shear box frame was explored in terms of the response of the specimen. The results of the micro‐polar hypoplastic model were also compared with those obtained from the corresponding non‐polar version of the model to clarify the role of polar effects within the granular body. The numerical results provide new insights into the microstructural effects of the granular material on the mobilisation of the interface friction angle and indicate the complexities and difficulties to precisely determine and interpret the interface friction angle, obtained from the classical interface shear box experiment.
Synthesis of benzo[b]phosphole‐based alkynylgold(I) complexes with resistive memory properties modulated by donor–acceptor chromophores
Authors: Cheng Yat‐Hin , Hong Eugene Yau‐Hin , Leung Ming‐Yi , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA class of benzo[b]phosphole‐based alkynylgold(I) complexes has been synthesized and characterized. These complexes share a similar benzo[b]phosphole ligand, in which the phosphole moiety is substituted with various π‐conjugated units with different donor strengths, namely phenoxazinylphenyl, tris(di‐tert‐butylcarbazolyl)phenyl and 2,4‐dimethylphenyl moieties. These phosphole‐containing gold(I) complexes are found to be strongly luminescent in toluene with tunable emission maxima and possess solvatochromic behaviors, suggesting an emission of metal‐perturbed intraligand charge transfer origin. Cyclic voltammetry studies reveal that the presence of gold(I) metal center strongly perturbs the electronic properties of the phosphole moiety of the resultant complexes, which can be further fine‐tuned by the auxiliary ligand on the gold(I) center. In the resistive memory studies, devices based on these alkynylgold(I) complexes exhibit satisfactory binary memory behaviors, demonstrating low threshold voltages in narrow distributions, high durability and low misreading rates. Such performances are believed to be originated from a field‐induced charge transfer of the alkynylgold(I) complexes, in which the electron‐accepting phosphole‐gold(I) unit plays a crucial role in stabilizing the charge transfer state and that led to the observed resistive switching and memory behavior.
The Science of Seeing Science: Examining the Visuality Hypothesis
Authors: Best Lisa , Goggin Claire 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFundamental disciplinary differences may be traceable to the use of visual representations, with researchers in the physical and life sciences relying more heavily on visuality. Our goal was to examine how inscriptions are used by scientists in different disciplines. We analyzed 2,467 articles from journals in biology, criminology and criminal justice, gerontology, library and information science, medicine, psychology, and sociology. Proportion of page space dedicated to graphs, tables, and non-graph illustrations was calculated. A Visuality Index was defined as the proportion of page space dedicated to visual depictions of data and non-data information. An ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference between disciplines, interaction between inscription type and discipline, with articles published in biology journals dedicating more page space to graphs. The significant overlap in inscription use and visuality indicates imperfect disciplinary demarcation, suggesting similar methodological and data analytic practices within a discipline and between subdisciplines.
How Can We Statistically Analyze the Achievement of Diagrammatic Competency from High School Regular Tests?
Authors: Uesaka Yuri , Saso Shun , Akisawa Takeshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOwing to the recent global changes in education goals, students nowadays need to achieve ‘key competencies’ in school. ‘Diagrammatic competency’ is an essential part of such competencies. To cultivate diagrammatic competency, it is necessary to evaluate teachers and students and provide feedback on the students’ degree of achieving diagrammatic competency. Regular school tests can provide useful opportunities for assessing such achievement. However, in such tests, Japanese high schools mainly focus on evaluating the understanding of learning contents rather than the development of competencies (such as diagrammatic competency). The current study was a collaboration between educational psychologists and a high school mathematics teacher. Together they modified a regular school test to incorporate tasks that require diagrammatic competency to solve them, thus enabling the assessment of such achievement. The study was conducted in an actual high school. The students’ performance was analyzed using cognitive diagnostic models [1], which statistically estimate how well students have mastered the elements of cognitive abilities and skills required to solve problems, generating ‘attribute mastery probabilities’. The attribute mastery probabilities obtained demonstrated that students’ achievement of diagrammatic competency was insufficient, indicating a need for cultivating such competency in subject learning instruction provided in schools.
Die weiteren Reformdynamiken – ein spekulativer Ausblick
Authors: Janßen Melike , Schimank Uwe , Sondermann Ariadne 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel wendet sich, ausgehend von den Untersuchungsergebnissen, alternativen Zukunftsszenarien zu, die als Resultat sehr unterschiedliche künftige Ausgestaltungen des deutschen Hochschulsystems zur Folge hätten. Wenn die gegenwärtige ‚Großwetterlage‘ in der Professorenschaft durch die rekonstruierten Typen gekennzeichnet ist: Wie könnte sich das unter welchen Randbedingungen – einschließlich weiterer hochschulpolitischer Interventionen – weiter entwickeln? Und welche Auswirkungen könnten sich auf Forschung und Lehre ergeben? Wir können diese Fragen, die jedem, der auf die eine oder andere Weise ins Hochschulsystem involviert ist, unter den Nägeln brennen sollten, hier nicht beantworten, sondern nur über mögliche Antworten spekulieren. Aber wir weisen auf das, was mit der beruflichen Identität der ProfessorInnen weiter geschehen könnte, als einen Teil der Antwort hin, den zu ignorieren ignorant wäre.
Datenbasis und Sampling
Authors: Klie Anna Wiebke 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungZu Beginn der Durchführung der quantitativen Studie stand die Autorin dieser Arbeit vor der Herausforderung, sich ein Bild über den Forschungsgegenstand in der Breite machen zu müssen und war entsprechend mit der Frage konfrontiert, wie sich anhand festgelegter Definitionskriterien Bruttostichproben für Deutschland, einzelne Bundesländer oder Kommunen bestimmen lassen.
Integration of Algorithm-Based Optimization into the Design Process of Industrial Buildings: A Case Study
Authors: Konrad Mirjam , Saez Dana , Trautz Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlgorithm-based optimization is widely applied in many fields like industrial production, resulting in state-of-the-art workflows in the production process optimization. This project takes the cultural lag of conventional industrial architecture design as a motivation to investigate the implementation of algorithm-based optimization into traditional design processes. We argue that an enhanced way of architectural decision-making is possible. Current approaches use a translation of the whole design problem into a single, overly complicated optimization system. Contrary to that, this paper presents a novel workflow that defines precise design steps and applies optimizations only if suitable. Furthermore, this method can generate relevant results for factory planning design problems with contradicting factors, making it a promising approach for the complex challenges of i.e. resource-efficient building.
From Separation to Incorporation - A Full-Circle Application of Computational Approaches to Performance-Based Architectural Design
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Lu Youyu , Gu Tianyi , Bian Zhirui , Wang Likai , Tong Ziyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn performance-based architectural design, most existing techniques and design approaches to assisting designers are primarily for a single design problem such as building massing, spatial layouts, or facade design. However, architectural design is a synthesis process that considers multiple design problems. Thus, for achieving an overall improvement in building performance, it is critical to incorporate computational techniques and methods into all key design problems. In this regard, this paper presents a full-circle application of different computational design approaches and tools to exploit the potential of building performance in driving architectural design towards more novel and sustainable buildings as well as to explore new research design paradigms for performance-based architectural design in real-world design scenarios. This paper takes a commercial complex building design as an example to demonstrate how building performance can be incorporated into different building design problems and reflect on the limitations of existing tools in supporting the architectural design.
Measuring Human Perception of Biophilically-Driven Design with Facial Micro-expressions Analysis and EEG Biosensor
Authors: Macruz Andrea , Bueno Ernesto , Palma Gustavo G. , Vega Jaime , Palmieri Ricardo A. , Wu Tan Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the role technology and neuroscience play in aiding the design process and making meaningful connections between people and nature. Using two workshops as a vehicle, the team introduced advanced technologies and Quantified Self practices that allowed people to use neural data and pattern recognition as feedback for the design process. The objective is to find clues to natural elements of human perception that can inform the design to meet goals for well-being. A pattern network of geometric shapes that achieve a higher level of monitored meditation levels and point toward a positive emotional valence is proposed. By referencing biological forms found in nature, the workshops utilized an algorithmic process that explored how nature can influence architecture. To measure the impact, the team used FaceOSC for capture and an Artificial Neural Network for micro-expression recognition, and a MindWave sensor manufactured by NeuroSky, which documented the human response further. The methodology allowed us to establish a boundary logic, ranking geometric shapes that suggested positive emotions and a higher level of monitored meditation levels. The results pointed us to a deeper level of understanding relative to geometric shapes in design. They indicate a new way to predict how well-being factors can clarify and rationalize a more intuitive design process inspired by nature.
Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
Authors: Wei Yimeng , Markopoulou Areti , Zhu Yuanshuang , Martin Eduardo Chamorro , Kirova Nikol 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_Programmable Water-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
Application of 6-Dof Robot Motion Planning in Fabrication
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Ming , Zhou XinJie , Yuan Philip F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn practical robotic construction work, such as laying bricks and painting walls, obstructing objects are encountered and motion planning needs to be done to prevent collisions. This paper first introduces the background and results of existing work on motion planning and describes two of the most mainstream methods, the potential field method, and the sampling-based method. How to use the probabilistic route approach for motion planning on a 6-axis robot is presented. An example of a real bricklaying job is presented to show how to obtain point clouds and increase the speed of computation by customizing collision and ignore calculations. Several methods of smoothing paths are presented and the paths are re-detected to ensure the validity of the paths. Finally, the flow of the whole work is presented and some possible directions for future work are suggested. The significance of this paper is to confirm that a relatively fast motion planning can be achieved by an improved algorithmic process in grasshopper.