bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of PTPN22 Promotes Intestinal Inflammation by Compromising Granulocyte-mediated Antibacterial Defence
Authors: Spalinger Marianne R , Schwarzfischer Marlene , Niechcial Anna , Atrott Kirstin , Laimbacher Andrea , Gottier Claudia , Lang Silvia , Scharl Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsA single nucleotide polymorphism in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 [PTPN22] has been associated with the onset of autoimmune disorders, but protects from Crohn’s disease. PTPN22 deficiency in mice promotes intestinal inflammation by modulating lymphocyte function. However, the impact of myeloid PTPN22 in colitis development remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PTPN2 in the IL-10 and the T cell transfer colitis models.MethodsPTPN22-deficient mice were crossed with IL-10-/- and RAG2-/- mice. Naïve T cells were injected in RAG-/- mice to induce T-cell transfer colitis. Spontaneous colitis in IL-10-/- mice was monitored for up to 200 days.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that PTPN22 in non-lymphoid immune cells is required to protect against T cell transfer-mediated and IL-10 knock-out colitis. Analysis of the intestinal immune landscape demonstrated a marked reduction of granulocyte influx into the inflamed colon in PTPN22-deficient mice. On a molecular level, granulocytes were not only reduced by numbers, but also revealed a defective function. In particular, granulocyte activation and granulocyte-mediated bacteria killing was impaired upon loss of PTPN22, resulting in elevated bacterial burden and translocation beyond the intestinal epithelial barrier in PTPN22-deficient mice. Consistently, antibiotic-induced depletion of bacteria reverted the increased colitis susceptibility in PTPN22-deficient mice, whereas granulocyte depletion induced acolitis phenotype in wild-type mice similar to that observed in PTPN22-deficient mice.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our data demonstrate that PTPN22 is essential for adequate granulocyte activation and antimicrobial defence to protect the inflamed intestine from bacterial invasion and exacerbated colitis.
Factors Influencing the Population Fluctuations ofEuproctis chrysorrhoea(Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Maine
Authors: Boyd Karla S , Drummond Francis , Donahue Charlene , Groden Eleanor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe browntail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.)) is a forest pest that was accidentally introduced in the late 1800’s and spread throughout New England in the early part of the 20th Century. At its peak range expansion in 1915 it encompassed an area of 150,000 km2 after which populations declined. By the 1960s, its distribution had receded to relic populations on outer Cape Cod, MA, and islands in Casco Bay, ME. In 1989 browntail moth resurged in Maine, with periodic, moderate outbreaks before a dramatic increase of the population occurred in 2016. We examined the pattern of annual defoliation by browntail moth since its resurgence in the 1990s as well as variation in populations throughout infested areas in Maine during three years of the recent outbreak, 2016–2018, relative to differences in weather, parasitism and habitat characteristics. Levels of defoliation over 24 yr were predicted by the preceding spring precipitation (−, negative effect) and the year’s previous late summer and early fall temperatures (+, positive effect) when first to third instar larvae feed and then construct winter hibernacula. Late summer temperatures predicted the abundance of hibernacula across outbreak areas (+). Early spring temperatures (+) and early and late spring precipitation (−) predicted early summer larval and pupal nest abundance. Warmer fall temperatures result in more mature populations coming out of winter hibernacula in the spring, whereas spring precipitation drives epizootic outbreaks of Entomophaga aulicae (Reichardt in Bail) Humber (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). with parasitoids playing a lesser role. Climate trends indicate continued increases in fall temperatures since browntail moth resurgence.
The photoplethysmography dictionary: practical guidance on signal interpretation and clinical scenarios from TeleCheck-AF
Authors: van der Velden Rachel M J , Verhaert Dominique V M , Hermans Astrid N L , Duncker David , Manninger Martin , Betz Konstanze , Gawalko Monika , Desteghe Lien , Pisters Ron , Hemels Martin , Pison Laurent , Sohaib Afzal , Sultan Arian , Steven Daniel , Wijtvliet Petra , Gupta Dhiraj , Svennberg Emma , Luermans Justin C L M , Chaldoupi Marisevi , Vernooy Kevin , den Uijl Dennis , Lodzinski Piotr , Jansen Ward P J , Eckstein Jens , Bollmann Andreas , Vandervoort Pieter , Crijns Harry J G M , Tieleman Robert , Heidbuchel Hein , Pluymaekers Nikki A H A , Hendriks Jeroen M , Linz Dominik ,   TeleCheck-AF Investigators
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Within the TeleCheck-AF project, numerous centres in Europe used on-demand photoplethysmography (PPG) technology to remotely assess heart rate and rhythm in conjunction with teleconsultations. Based on the TeleCheck-AF investigator experiences, we aimed to develop an educational structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals and to introduce typical clinical scenarios how on-demand PPG was used.

Methods and results
During an online conference, the structured stepwise practical guide on how to interpret PPG signals was discussed and further refined during an internal review process. We provide the number of respective PPG recordings (FibriCheck®) and number of patients managed within a clinical scenario during the TeleCheck-AF project. To interpret PPG recordings, we introduce a structured stepwise practical guide and provide representative PPG recordings. In the TeleCheck-AF project, 2522 subjects collected 90 616 recordings in total. The majority of these recordings were classified by the PPG algorithm as sinus rhythm (57.6%), followed by AF (23.6%). In 9.7% of recordings, the quality was too low to interpret. The most frequent clinical scenarios where PPG technology was used in the TeleCheck-AF project was a follow-up after AF ablation (1110 patients) followed by heart rate and rhythm assessment around (tele)consultation (966 patients).

Conclusion
We introduce a newly developed structured stepwise practical guide on PPG signal interpretation developed based on presented experiences from TeleCheck-AF. The present clinical scenarios for the use of on-demand PPG technology derived from the TeleCheck-AF project will help to implement PPG technology in the management of AF patients.
Differences between influenza and pertussis vaccination uptake in pregnancy: a multi-center survey study in Italy
Authors: Vilca Luz Maria , Sarno Laura , Cesari Elena , Vidiri Annalisa , Antonazzo Patrizio , Ravennati Francesca , Cavaliere Anna Franca , Guida Maurizio , Cetin Irene 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
A suboptimal maternal vaccination coverage in 2017–18 has been reported in Italy. The study aims were to (i) assess changes in maternal influenza and tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccination coverage during 2018–19 influenza season compared to the previous season (ii) estimate influenza vaccine coverage among maternal care providers (MCPs) and (iii) explore the characteristics of vaccine delivery to pregnant women.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women and MCPs about influenza and pertussis immunization during pregnancy. We also collected information regarding prenatal care characteristics and vaccine delivery among four centers in Italy.

Results
We recruited 483 pregnant women and 452 MCPs. The influenza and pertussis vaccine uptake among pregnant women for the season 2018–19 was 14.9% and 60.9%, respectively. MCPs’ influenza vaccine uptake was 33.6%. Knowing that the flu vaccine was safe for mothers and their infants and being vaccinated in the previous influenza season were associated with higher vaccine uptake. Regarding pertussis, being a housewife was associated to lower vaccine uptake, while knowing the vaccine is effective and safe for mothers and newborns were associated with higher pertussis vaccine uptake. The single most important factor associated to higher coverage of both influenza and pertussis vaccines was receiving a health-care provider’s vaccine advice. Most pregnant women (69.4%) stated that they preferred to be vaccinated in their same prenatal care setting.

Conclusions
Receiving a health-care provider’s vaccine advice and the availability of vaccines during prenatal care visits might improve vaccination coverage among pregnant women.
Trends in teenage delivery and abortion rates in Estonia over more than two decades: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Haldre Kai , Rahu Mati , Allvee Kärt , Rahu Kaja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the last 30 years, Estonia has undergone major socio-economic changes, including profound educational and healthcare reforms. The study aimed to analyse trends in teenage delivery and induced abortion rates among younger and older teens, including Estonians and non-Estonians, and to study trends in repeat teenage pregnancies in more detail.MethodsThe register-based study included data on 29 818 deliveries (1992–2019) and 25 865 (1996–2019) induced abortions among 15–19-year-old girls. Delivery and abortion rates per 1000 girls were calculated by age group, ethnicity and reproductive history. Poisson regression models were applied to estimate average annual percentage changes in delivery and abortion rates over the whole period and in two sub-periods with change points in the trend in 2007.ResultsThe delivery rate decreased by 5.3% per year, from 49.9 in 1992 to 8.4 in 2019; the abortion rate decreased by 6.0% per year, from 42.4 in 1996 to 8.6 in 2019. A faster decline in delivery rates took place among Estonians than non-Estonians, but the opposite trend occurred in abortion rates. Delivery rates for first and repeat pregnancies decreased nearly at the same pace, while abortion rates for repeat pregnancies decreased faster than those for first pregnancies.ConclusionsA decreasing trend in teenage births is evident in parallel with society becoming wealthier. A remarkable decline in teenage abortions occurs when young people’s rights to safe abortion, contraception, mandatory sexuality education and youth-friendly services are ensured. There always remains a small group of adolescents who repeatedly become pregnant.
The deletion of chiMaD1, a horizontally acquired chitinase of Metarhizium anisopliae, led to higher virulence towards the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus)
Authors: Sbaraini Nicolau , Junges Ângela , de Oliveira Eder Silva , Webster Anelise , Vainstein Marilene Henning , Staats Charley Christian , Schrank Augusto 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The first line of the Arthropods defense against infections is the hard-structured exoskeleton, a physical barrier, usually rich in insoluble chitin. For entomopathogenic fungi that actively penetrate the host body, an arsenal of hydrolytic enzymes (as chitinases and N-acetylglucosaminidases), that break down chitin, is essential. Notably, twenty-one putative chitinase genes have been identified in the genome of Metarhizium anisopliae, a generalist entomopathogenic fungus. As a multigenic family, with enzymes that, presumably, perform redundant functions, the main goal is to understand the singularity of each one of such genes and to discover their precise role in the fungal life cycle. Specially chitinases that can act as virulence determinants are of interest since these enzymes can lead to more efficient biocontrol agents. Here we explored a horizontally acquired chitinase from M. anisopliae, named chiMaD1. The deletion of this gene did not lead to phenotypic alterations or diminished supernatant's chitinolytic activity. Surprisingly, chiMaD1 deletion enhanced M. anisopliae virulence to the cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) larvae and engorged females, while did not alter the virulence to the mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor). These results add up to recent reports of deleted genes that enhanced entomopathogenic virulence, showing the complexity of host-pathogen interactions.
Seismic wavefield reconstruction using a pre-conditioned wavelet–curvelet compressive sensing approach
Authors: Muir Jack B , Zhan Zhongwen 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
The proliferation of large seismic arrays have opened many new avenues of geophysical research; however, most techniques still fundamentally treat regional and global scale seismic networks as a collection of individual time-series rather than as a single unified data product. Wavefield reconstruction allows us to turn a collection of individual records into a single structured form that treats the seismic wavefield as a coherent 3-D or 4-D entity. We propose a split processing scheme based on a wavelet transform in time and pre-conditioned curvelet-based compressive sensing in space to create a sparse representation of the continuous seismic wavefield with smooth second-order derivatives. Using this representation, we illustrate several applications, including surface wave gradiometry, Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition of the wavefield into irrotational and solenoidal components, and compression and denoising of seismic records.
Friction in Transitional Justice Processes: The Colombian Judicial System and the ICC
Authors: Björkdahl Annika , Warvsten Louise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the aim of understanding how the International Criminal Court (ICC) affects peace processes, this article examines the Colombian peace and justice processes through the lens of friction. It investigates frictional encounters between the Colombian judicial system and the ICC, in order to reveal the tensions in this relationship. First, we disaggregate the concept of friction and propose three different types of frictional encounters – conceptual, normative and jurisdictional – in transitional justice processes. Second, we investigate different responses to these frictional encounters, such as compliance, adaptation, co-option and resistance. Finally, we find that responses to frictions generate hybrid judicial outcomes, such as a hybrid, intersubjective understanding of justice, a hybrid sanctioning regime as well as hybrid complementarity. The article concludes that the ICC influenced the Colombian peace process, while the Colombian judicial system complied with the requirements of the ICC thereby demonstrating agency, flexibility and innovation and ensuring its judicial sovereignty.
The factorization method for the scattering by a mixed inhomogeneous medium
Authors: Xiang Jianli , Yan Guozheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use the classical factorization method proposed firstly by Kirsch to reconstruct the support of the mixed inhomogeneous medium associated with complex valued refractive indexes and different transmission boundary conditions. We will show that for well-chosen inhomogeneous backgrounds, one obtains a necessary and sufficient condition characterizing the support of the medium via the eigensystem of a self-adjoint operator, which is related to the far field operator. Moreover, for completeness of our problem, the variational method is applied to solve the direct scattering problem. And, we present a variant of numerical examples in 2D to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed inverse algorithms.
An adaptive edge finite element DtN method for Maxwell’s equations in biperiodic structures
Authors: Jiang Xue , Li Peijun , Lv Junliang , Wang Zhoufeng , Wu Haijun , Zheng Weiying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by a biperiodic structure. This paper is concerned with a numerical solution of the diffraction grating problem for three-dimensional Maxwell’s equations. Based on the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) operator, an equivalent boundary value problem is formulated in a bounded domain by using a transparent boundary condition. An a posteriori error estimate-based adaptive edge finite element method is developed for the variational problem with the truncated DtN operator. The estimate takes account of both the finite element approximation error and the truncation error of the DtN operator, where the former is used for local mesh refinements and the latter is shown to decay exponentially with respect to the truncation parameter. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the competitive behaviour of the proposed method.
Behavior Rigidity Near Non-Isolated Blow-up Points for the Semilinear Heat Equation
Authors: Merle Frank , Zaag Hatem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the semilinear heat equation with Sobolev subcritical power nonlinearity in dimension $N=2$, and $u(x,t)$ a solution that blows up in finite time $T$. Given a non-isolated blow-up point $a$, we assume that the Taylor expansion of the solution near $(a,T)$ obeys some degenerate situation labeled by some even integer $m(a)\ge 4$. If we have a sequence $a_n \to a$ as $n\to \infty $, we show after a change of coordinates and the extraction of a subsequence that either ${a_{n,1}}-a_1 = o((a_{n,2}-a_2)^2)$ or $|a_{n,1}-a_1||a_{n,2}-a_2|^{-\beta } |\log |a_{n,2}-a_2||^{-\alpha } \to L&gt; 0$ for some $L&gt;0$, where $\alpha $ and $\beta $ enjoy a finite number of rational values with $\beta \in (0,2]$ and $L$ is a solution of a polynomial equation depending on the coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the solution. If $m(a)=4$, then $\alpha =0$ and either $\beta =3/2$ or $\beta =2$.
Three clusters of carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii in Finland, 2016–20
Authors: Räisänen Kati , Sarvikivi Emmi , Arifulla Dinah , Pietikäinen Risto , Forsblom-Helander Benita , Tarkka Eveliina , Anttila Veli-Jukka , Grönroos Juha O , Rintala Esa , Kauranen Jari , Ahlsved Matias , Broas Markku , Mikkola Janne , Sieberns Jennifer , Jalava Jari , Lyytikäinen Outi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have spread widely into health care facilities (HCF) but clusters caused by carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter freundii have been uncommon until recent years. Here we describe CP C. freundii clusters detected in Finland during 2016–20.

Methods
As a part of the national CPE surveillance, clinical microbiology laboratories send potential CP C. freundii isolates to the reference laboratory for confirmation and further characterization. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) with Illumina MiSeq sequencer was used to detect clusters. Resistance genes and STs were analysed using SRST2 and typing with core genome (cg) MLST. A case was defined as a patient with a CP C. freundii isolate belonging to one of the detected clusters.

Results
We detected three CP C. freundii clusters: cluster 1 included 16 cases in five HCFs during 2016–20, cluster 2 had two cases in two HCFs during 2018–19 and cluster 3 had two cases in one HCF in 2020. The isolates (11 clinical and 5 screening) in cluster 1 had KPC-2 carbapenemase and were sequence type (ST)18. Cluster 2 (2 clinical isolates) had OXA-181/GES-5 carbapenemases and were ST604 and cluster 3 (two screening isolates) had KPC-3 carbapenemase and were ST116. None of the cases had a history of recent travel abroad.

Conclusions
CP C. freundii also causes outbreaks and can be a reservoir of carbapenemase genes. The long intervals between successive cases, mostly found in clinical specimens in two clusters, suggest that besides unknown carriers, environmental contamination may play a role in transmission.
In vitroevolution of cefepime/zidebactam (WCK 5222) resistance inPseudomonas aeruginosa: dynamics, mechanisms, fitness trade-off and impact onin vivoefficacy
Authors: Barceló Isabel , Cabot Gabriel , Palwe Snehal , Joshi Prashant , Takalkar Swapna , Periasamy Hariharan , Cortés-Lara Sara , Zamorano Laura , Sánchez-Diener Irina , Moya Bartolome , Bhagwat Sachin , Patel Mahesh , Oliver Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo study the dynamics, mechanisms and fitness cost of resistance selection to cefepime, zidebactam and cefepime/zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodsWT P. aeruginosa PAO1 and its ΔmutS derivative (PAOMS) were exposed to stepwise increasing concentrations of cefepime, zidebactam and cefepime/zidebactam. Selected mutants were characterized for change in susceptibility profiles, acquired mutations, fitness, virulence and in vivo susceptibility to cefepime/zidebactam. Mutations were identified through WGS. In vitro fitness was assessed by measuring growth in minimal medium and human serum-supplemented Mueller–Hinton broth. Virulence was determined in Caenorhabditis elegans and neutropenic mice lung infection models. In vivo susceptibility to a human-simulated regimen (HSR) of cefepime/zidebactam was studied in neutropenic mice lung infection.ResultsResistance development was lower for the cefepime/zidebactam combination than for the individual components and high-level resistance was only achieved for PAOMS. Cefepime resistance development was associated with mutations leading to the hyperexpression of AmpC or MexXY-OprM, combined with PBP3 mutations and/or large chromosomal deletions involving galU. Zidebactam resistance was mainly associated with mutations in PBP2. On the other hand, resistance to cefepime/zidebactam required multiple mutations in genes encoding MexAB-OprM and its regulators, as well as PBP2 and PBP3. Cumulatively, these mutations inflicted significant fitness cost and cefepime/zidebactam-resistant mutants (MIC = 16–64 mg/L) remained susceptible in vivo to the HSR.ConclusionsDevelopment of cefepime/zidebactam resistance in P. aeruginosa required multiple simultaneous mutations that were associated with a significant impairment of fitness and virulence.
Recommendations for Toxicological Investigation of Drug-Impaired Driving and Motor Vehicle Fatalities—2021 Update
Authors: D’Orazio Amanda L , Mohr Amanda L.A , Chan-Hosokawa Ayako , Harper Curt , Huestis Marilyn A , Limoges Jennifer F , Miles Amy K , Scarneo Colleen E , Kerrigan Sarah , Liddicoat Laura J , Scott Karen S , Logan Barry K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This report describes updates to the National Safety Council’s Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division’s recommendations for drug testing in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases and motor vehicle fatalities. The updates are based on a survey of drug testing practices in laboratories in the USA and Canada, a comprehensive review of the prior recommendations and data and research on drugs most frequently detected in DUID cases. A consensus meeting was held with representative forensic science practitioners and the authors of this report to update recommendations. No changes were made to the Tier I scope; however, there were changes to cutoffs of some analytes for blood, urine and oral fluid. Due to increased prevalence in DUID cases, trazodone and difluoroethane were added to the Tier II scope. For clarification, Tier I cutoffs reflect free concentrations, and hydrolysis is recommended but not required. The consensus panel concluded that urine is an inferior matrix to blood and oral fluid as it may represent historical use or exposure unrelated to observed impairment; therefore, future iterations of these recommendations will not include urine as a recommended matrix. Laboratories currently testing urine should work with traffic safety partners to encourage the use of blood and oral fluid as more appropriate specimens and adjust their capabilities to provide that testing.