bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of education level with autonomy support, self‐efficacy and health behaviour in patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Yeom Hyun‐E , Lee Jungmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesThe study aimed to investigate whether the patients’ education level affected the mediation effect of self‐efficacy on the relationship between the autonomy‐supportive healthcare climate and health behaviour among patients with cardiovascular risk factors.BackgroundAutonomy and self‐efficacy are identified as influential factors related to the behaviours of individuals with health problems. However, it is unclear whether autonomy support from healthcare providers affects health behaviour through self‐efficacy and if patients’ education level affects the association.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 207 individuals with one or more cardiovascular diseases completed self‐administered surveys including the healthcare climate questionnaire, self‐efficacy scale and the engagement in health behaviour scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analysis. All procedures of the study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe influence of autonomy support from healthcare providers on self‐efficacy differed by individuals’ education level. Self‐efficacy in less educated, but not highly educated individuals, tended to depend on the autonomy‐supportive climate. Additionally, the autonomy‐supportive healthcare climate affected health behaviour through self‐efficacy only in less educated individuals.ConclusionThe relationship between autonomy support from healthcare providers and self‐efficacy was more evident in the relatively less educated individuals. The associations among autonomy support, self‐efficacy and health behaviour differed by patient education level, and the mediating role of self‐efficacy on the relationship between autonomy‐supportive climate and health behaviour was found only in those less educated.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare providers should recognise the importance of supporting patients’ need for autonomy to improve self‐efficacy and healthy behaviour, particularly in less educated patients. Additionally, healthcare providers’ support tailored to patients’ needs and educational status should be highlighted.
The impact of personality on intention to leave the nursing profession: A structural equation model
Authors: Greinacher Anja , Helaß Madeleine , Nikendei Christoph , Müller Andreas , Mulfinger Nadine , Gündel Harald , Maatouk Imad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test a mediating effect of compassion satisfaction on the relationship between personality traits (Big Five) and intent to leave.BackgroundNursing professionals work in high‐stress environments and exhibit more emotional distress and mental health disorders than other hospital professionals. This translates to increased intention to leave their profession. Evidence suggests that compassion satisfaction reduces intention to leave. Research also indicates that personality factors are associated with compassion satisfaction and intent to leave.DesignUsing a cross‐sectional design, we collected data from 536 nurses in a maximum‐care hospital in Germany via questionnaires; the analyses included 518 participants.MethodWe applied the structural equation model and followed the STROBE checklist.Results30% of our study participants reported high intent to leave. Compassion satisfaction mediated the relationship between agreeableness and intent to leave. Openness to experience and neuroticism had positive direct effects on intent to leave.ConclusionsThe results suggest that high compassion satisfaction levels may decrease intention to leave levels. Personality traits impact compassion satisfaction and intention to leave.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNursing professionals’ compassion satisfaction needs to be improved, for example by resilience training. As personality factors remain relatively stable over time, caregivers need to consider them when identifying appropriate areas of work and responsibility.
A Combined Digital Technique for Manufacturing Functional Fixed Implant Prosthesis Prototypes Using a CAD/CAM Software
Authors: Altemimi Aseel , Rodriguez Julio , Nahon Max 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe manufacture of complete‐arch fixed implant prostheses requires many technical steps to ensure a successful outcome. With the use of monolithic materials such as zirconia, the design of the prosthesis is crucial for a superior result. The aim of this article is to outline a combined technique using a CAD/CAM software for the manufacture of fixed implant prosthesis prototypes for complete‐arch implant rehabilitations, which can be done in‐house with minimal equipment. This makes it accessible and feasible for those who wish to be involved in the design phase of such prostheses. The method involves collecting several 3D data files including the patient's current prosthesis, the definitive cast, occlusal records and photographs. The technique is described using a patient case that has been provided with digitally designed and in‐house manufactured prototypes.
Effect of Scanner Type and Scan Body Location on the Accuracy of Mandibular Complete‐Arch Digital Implant Scans: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Yilmaz Hakan , Treviño Santos Alejandro , Kökat Ali Murat , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of scans of a newly introduced intraoral scanner (IOS) (Virtuo Vivo) and a widely used IOS (Trios 3) to a laboratory scanner (LBS) (Cares 7 SERIES) for 6 implants placed in an edentulous mandible, and to investigate the effect of scan body location on trueness.Material and methodsScanbodies were tightened on 6 implants placed in an edentulous polymethylmethacrylate mandibular model. An industrial scanner was utilized to generate a master reference model STL file. Three different scanners were used to scan the model (2 IOSs and 1 LBS), and the scans (n = 10) were exported into STL files. Best‐fitting algorithm was used to superimpose test scans over the MRM‐STL (nominal). ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were performed to analyze the data (α = 0.05).ResultsThe distance deviations in Car7‐LBS scans were the highest (p < 0.001), whereas those in Tri‐IOS scans were the lowest (p < 0.001). Vir‐IOS had lower angular deviations than those of Tri‐IOS (p = 0.031). In Vir‐IOS scans, SB5 had higher distance deviations than SB2 (p = 0.029) and SB3 (p = 0.044). In Car7‐LBS scans, SB1 had higher distance deviations than SB3 (p = 0.015) and SB5 (p = 0.005). In Tri‐IOS scans, SB1 had higher mean distance deviations than SB2 and SB5 (p = 0.005). Vir‐IOS had lower precision than Car7‐LBS (distance deviation data) (p = 0.01). No difference was found among scanners for the precision of angular deviation data (p = 0.840).ConclusionWhen trueness and precision were considered, distance and angular deviations depended on the scanner type. None of the scanners outperformed others in accuracy considering all distance and angular deviations. Scan body location affected only the trueness (distance deviations).
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Hypophosphatasia Using Dental Implants: A Case Report with Seven Years Follow‐Up
Authors: Yang Yundong , Liu Zhonghao , Wei Lingfei , Taylor Thomas D. , Xiao Huijuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypophosphatasia is a rare metabolic inherited dento‐osseous disorder. Although there is some available literature on various dental characteristics of hypophosphatasia patients, few reports focus on the effects of hypophosphatasia on the permanent dentition and prosthodontic rehabilitation, particularly in relation to the use of dental implants. This paper reports a case with hypophosphatasia and prosthodontic rehabilitation using dental implants with 7‐year follow‐up.
Epidemiology of scoliosis in cerebral palsy: A population‐based study at skeletal maturity
Authors: Willoughby Kate L , Ang Soon Ghee , Thomason Pam , Rutz Erich , Shore Benjamin , Buckland Aaron J , Johnson Michael B , Graham H Kerr 
Published: August 2021

AimThis study investigated the prevalence of scoliosis in a large, population‐based cohort of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) at skeletal maturity to identify associated risk factors that may inform scoliosis surveillance.MethodsYoung people with CP born between 1990 and 1992 were reviewed through routine orthopaedic review or a transition clinic. Classification of CP was recorded by movement disorder, distribution, gross and fine motor function. Clinical examination was undertaken and those with clinical evidence of scoliosis or risk factors had radiographs of the spine. Scoliosis severity was measured and categorised by Cobb angle.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐two individuals were evaluated (78% of the birth cohort) at a mean age of 21 years, 4 months (range 16–29 years). Scoliosis (Cobb angle >10°) was found in 41%, with strong associations to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Abilities Classification System (MACS) and dystonic/mixed movement disorders. Those at GMFCS V were 23.4 times (95%CI 9.9–55.6) more likely to develop scoliosis than those at GMFCS I. Severe curves (Cobb >40°, 13% of the cohort) were found almost exclusively in those functioning at GMFCS IV and V, and were 18.2 times (95%CI 6.9–48.5) more likely to occur in those with dystonia than those with spasticity.ConclusionsScoliosis was very common in young people with CP, with prevalence and severity strongly associated with GMFCS and MACS level and dystonic movement disorder. Severe curves were almost exclusively found in non‐ambulant children. Clinical screening for scoliosis should occur for all children with CP, with radiographic surveillance focusing on those functioning at GMFCS IV and V.
Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir combination for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with end stage renal disease on renal replacement therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Arka , Roy Akash , Verma Nipun , Mishra Saurabh , Premkumar Madhumita , Taneja Sunil , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionSofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL) is a pan‐genotypic regimen for the treatment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The data on the efficacy and safety of this regimen is end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is scanty. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was done to ascertain the efficacy and safety of SOF and VEL in patients with chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) and ESRD on renal replacement therapy (RRT).MethodsSystematic search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted using the search term (end‐stage renal disease OR renal replacement therapy OR chronic kidney failure OR severe renal impairment OR chronic kidney disease OR haemodialysis OR dialysis OR peritoneal dialysis) AND (sofosbuvir OR velpatasvir OR NS5A inhibitors OR directly acting antivirals). Pooled sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse event rates with 95% confidence intervals were estimated.ResultsSeven studies (410 patients with CHC and ESRD on RRT) fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The overall pooled SVR rate of SOF and VEL in patients with HCV on RRT was 97.69% (95% CI: 95.71 to 98.92). There was no significant heterogeneity (I2: 39.3%, p‐value of Cochran's Q = 0.13) among the studies. The pooled estimate of efficacy of SOF‐VEL combination among patients with cirrhosis was 91.94% (95% CI 77.03–98.52). Pooled SVR rates in genotype 3 infection [94.6%, (95%: CI 81.3–99.4)] was comparable to that in those with documented non‐genotype 3 infection [94.63%, (95% CI 87.12–98.44)]. No serious adverse event attributable to SOF and VEL was reported in the included studies.ConclusionThe fixed‐dose combination of SOF and VEL is effective and safe in CHC patients with ESRD on RRT.
The a priori of public leadership: Social attributions to public and private leaders in different performance contexts
Authors: Hesmert Laura , Hattke Fabian , Vogel Rick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious scholarship provides little insight into the differences between public and private leadership in people's a priori assumptions about leaders. We advance a socio‐cognitive approach and examine how implicit social attributions to leaders are contingent on sector and performance cues. Participants completed the Semantic Misattribution Procedure to reveal implicit associations of traits with leaders in contrasting scenarios. Results show that sector cues affect such attributions, which in turn influence behavioral intentions, but only so in interaction with performance information. We conclude that public leaders earn fewer credits for success or failure than private leaders.
Worldwide time trends in prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: Global Asthma Network Phase I
Authors: Strachan David P. , Rutter Charlotte E. , Asher Monica Innes , Bissell Karen , Chiang Chen‐Yuan , El Sony Asma , Ellwood Eamon , Ellwood Philippa , García‐Marcos Luis , Marks Guy B. , Morales Eva , Mortimer Kevin , Pearce Neil , Pérez‐Fernández Virginia , Robertson Steven , Silverwood Richard J. ,   the Global Asthma Network Phase I Study Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Asthma Network (GAN), by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, has updated trends in prevalence of symptoms of childhood allergic diseases, including non‐infective rhinitis and conjunctivitis (‘rhinoconjunctivitis’), which is reported here.MethodsPrevalence and severity of rhinoconjunctivitis were assessed by questionnaire among schoolchildren in GAN Phase I and ISAAC Phase I and III surveys 15–23 years apart. Absolute rates of change in prevalence were estimated for each centre and modelled by multi‐level linear regression to compare trends by age group, time period and per capita national income.ResultsTwenty‐seven GAN centres in 14 countries surveyed 74,361 13‐ to 14‐year‐olds (‘adolescents’) and 45,434 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds (‘children’), with average response proportions of 90% and 79%, respectively. Many centres showed highly significant (p < .001) changes in prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year (‘current rhinoconjunctivitis’) compared with ISAAC. The direction and magnitude of centre‐level trends varied significantly (p < .001) both within and between countries. Overall, current rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence decreased slightly from ISAAC Phase III to GAN: −1.32% per 10 years, 95% CI [−2.93%, +0.30%] among adolescents; and −0.44% [−1.29%, +0.42%] among children. Together, these differed significantly (p < .001) from the upward trend within ISAAC. Among adolescents, centre‐level trends in current rhinoconjunctivitis were highly correlated with those for eczema symptoms (rho = 0.72, p < .0001) but not with centre‐level trends in asthma symptoms (rho = 0.15, p = .48). Among children, these correlations were positive but not significant.ConclusionSymptoms of non‐infective rhinoconjunctivitis among schoolchildren may no longer be on the increase globally, although trends vary substantially within and between countries.
Homoeologous chromosome exchange explains the creation of a QTL affecting soil‐borne pathogen resistance in tobacco
Authors: Shi Rui , Jin Jing , Nifong Jessica M. , Shew David , Lewis Ramsey S. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCrop plant partial resistance to plant pathogens controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL) is desirable in cultivar development programmes because of its increased durability. Mechanisms underlying such resistance are difficult to study. We performed RNA‐seq analyses for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) nearly isogenic lines (NILs) with and without favourable allele(s) at Phn7.1, a major QTL influencing partial resistance to the soil‐borne pathogens Phytophthora nicotianae and Ralstonia solanacearum. Based upon combined analyses of transcriptome‐based sequence variation and gene expression profiles, we concluded that allelic variability at the Phn7.1 locus was likely generated from homoeologous exchange, which led to deletion of low‐expressing members of the SAR8.2 gene family and duplication of high‐expressing SAR8.2 genes from a different subgenome of allotetraploid tobacco. The high expression of endogenous Phn7.1‐associated SAR8.2 genes was correlated with observed resistance to P. nicotianae. Our findings suggest a role for genomic rearrangements in the generation of favourable genetic variability affecting resistance to pathogens in plants.
Soil penetration by maize roots is negatively related to ethylene‐induced thickening
Authors: Vanhees Dorien J. , Schneider Hannah M. , Sidhu Jagdeep Singh , Loades Kenneth W. , Bengough A. Glyn , Bennett Malcolm J. , Pandey Bipin K. , Brown Kathleen M. , Mooney Sacha J. , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadial expansion is a classic response of roots to a mechanical impedance that has generally been assumed to aid penetration. We analysed the response of maize nodal roots to impedance to test the hypothesis that radial expansion is not related to the ability of roots to cross a compacted soil layer. Genotypes varied in their ability to cross the compacted layer, and those with a steeper approach to the compacted layer or less radial expansion in the compacted layer were more likely to cross the layer and achieve greater depth. Root radial expansion was due to cortical cell size expansion, while cortical cell file number remained constant. Genotypes and nodal root classes that exhibited radial expansion in the compacted soil layer generally also thickened in response to exogenous ethylene in hydroponic culture, that is, radial expansion in response to ethylene was correlated with the thickening response to impedance in soil. We propose that ethylene insensitive roots, that is, those that do not thicken and can overcome impedance, have a competitive advantage under mechanically impeded conditions as they can maintain their elongation rates. We suggest that prolonged exposure to ethylene could function as a stop signal for axial root growth.
Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change
Authors: Nolan Rachael H. , Collins Luke , Leigh Andy , Ooi Mark K.J. , Curran Timothy J. , Fairman Thomas A. , Resco de Dios Víctor , Bradstock Ross 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecord‐breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting fire regimes (i.e., changing fire frequency, severity and seasonality). Here, we examine the impacts of climate‐driven shifts in fire regimes on vegetation communities, and likely responses to fire coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario‐based conceptual models on how overlapping disturbance events and shifting fire regimes interact differently to limit post‐fire resprouting and recruitment capacity. We demonstrate that, although many communities will remain resilient to changing fire regimes in the short‐term, longer‐term changes to vegetation structure, demography and species composition are likely, with a range of subsequent effects on ecosystem function. Resprouting species are likely to be most resilient to changing fire regimes. However, even these species are susceptible if exposed to repeated short‐interval fire in combination with other stressors. Post‐fire recruitment is highly vulnerable to increased fire frequency, particularly as climatic limitations on propagule availability intensify. Prediction of community responses to fire under climate change will be greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps on how overlapping disturbances and climate change‐induced shifts in fire regime affect post‐fire resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, and species‐level adaptation capacity.
Should we be skeptics or contextualists about counterfactual conditionals?
Authors: Loewenstein Yael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJust as knowledge contextualism offers a way out of knowledge skepticism in the face of powerful skeptical arguments, counterfactual contextualism purports to answer the many compelling arguments for the skeptical thesis that most ordinary counterfactuals of the form ‘if A had happened, C would have happened’, are false. In this article I review a few of the arguments for counterfactual skepticism, before surveying the various types of contextualist responses. I then discuss some of the recent objections to counterfactual contextualism, with an eye toward weighing contextualism's costs with the costs of accepting skepticism. I conclude by remarking on some of the implications that skepticism and contextualism each has for many disputes in metaphysics.
Job precarity and economic prospects during the COVID‐19 public health crisis
Authors: Han Wen‐Jui , Hart Jake 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs labor markets in recent decades have become increasingly volatile and precarious, more workers are susceptible to working conditions threatening their economic security. COVID‐19 has further laid bare such economic insecurity from holding a precarious job. We examined the association between precarious employment and the probability of losing income or a job during COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA multivariate regression analysis was conducted using a cross‐sectional data set collected in May 2020 in the United States.ResultsOur results confirm a strong positive association between precarious employment and losing work or income. Specifically, holding part‐time work in the service sector, and feeling disempowered in the workplace, receiving low material rewards, having few benefits, and experiencing obstacles in exercising rights all significantly doubled the probability of losing income or jobs.ConclusionOur analysis underscores the increasing vulnerability faced by our workforce and how a public health crisis magnifies the dire consequences of a precarious job.
Breaking up is hard to do: Lessons from the strange case of New Zealand
Authors: Grier Kevin B. , Munger Michael C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate historical antecedents for the likely effects of Brexit, the “breaking up” of the Commonwealth is considered. In particular, the effects on New Zealand in the period following “Brentry,” or the entry of the UK into the EU, are measured and used to forecast the pattern of impacts the UK may encounter.MethodsThe technique of Synthetic Control. This quasi‐experimental method takes conscious advantage of features of endogenous selection that enable the comparison of predicted growth against an explicit counterfactual, allowing for dynamic changes in each.ResultsWe find that NZ's loss of preferential trade status after “Brentry” in 1973 created a lost decade for NZ. Using the synthetic control model, we find that current estimates understate, perhaps substantially, the negative effect of a hard Brexit on the U.K. economy.ConclusionNZ's famous “liberal” reforms in the 1980s did put the country back on a path parallel to its pre‐1973 path. But contrary to the conventional wisdom, these reforms did not come close to restoring NZ's income to its level had Brentry not occurred. In fact, NZ is still almost 20 percent poorer even post reforms, compared to its synthetic control.