bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of adult patients in the intensive care unit with Pseudomonasaeruginosa pneumonia who received an active anti‐pseudomonal β‐lactam: Does “S” equal success in the presence of resistance to other anti‐pseudomonal β‐lactams?
Authors: Lodise Thomas P. , Puzniak Laura A. , Chen Lie H. , Tian Yun , Wei Rong , Im Theresa M. , Tartof Sara Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe most commonly prescribed antibiotics for patients with hospital‐acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator‐associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the conventional anti‐pseudomonal β‐lactams (APBLs) (ie, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin‐tazobactam). Similar resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa affect the APBLs, and it is unclear if resistance to one APBL can affect the effectiveness of other APBLs. This exploratory, hypothesis‐generating analysis evaluates the impact of APBL resistance among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with P. aeruginosa HABP/VABP who initially receive a microbiologically active APBL.DesignA retrospective cohort [GJ1] [LT2] study.SettingKaiser Permanente Southern California members (01/01/2011‐12/31/2017).PatientsThe study included adult patients admitted to the ICU with a monomicrobial P. aeruginosa HABP/VABP who received a microbiologically active APBL within 2 days of index P. aeruginosa respiratory culture.InterventionPatients were stratified by presence of resistance to APBL on index P. aeruginosa (0 vs. ≥1 resistant APBL).MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and discharge to home.Main ResultsOverall, 553 patients were included. Thirty‐day mortality was 28%, and 32% of patients were discharged home. Eighty‐eight patients (16%) had a P. aeruginosa HABP/VABP that was resistant to ≥1 APBL (other than active empiric treatment). Relative to patients with no APBL resistance, patients with resistance to ≥1 APBL had a higher 30‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.65 [1.02–2.66]) and were less likely to be discharged home (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI]: 0.50 [0.29–0.85]).ConclusionFurther study is needed, but this exploratory analysis suggests that the full APBL susceptibility profile should be considered when selecting therapy for patients with P. aeruginosa HABP/VABP.
Addressing opioid tolerance and opioid‐induced hypersensitivity: Recent developments and future therapeutic strategies
Authors: Khan Faris , Mehan Aman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOpioids are a commonly prescribed and efficacious medication for the treatment of chronic pain but major side effects such as addiction, respiratory depression, analgesic tolerance, and paradoxical pain hypersensitivity make them inadequate and unsafe for patients requiring long‐term pain management. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the outcomes of chronic opioid administration to lay the foundation for the development of novel pharmacological strategies that attenuate opioid tolerance and hypersensitivity; the two main physiological mechanisms underlying the inadequacies of current therapeutic strategies. We also explore mechanistic similarities between the development of neuropathic pain states, opioid tolerance, and hypersensitivity which may explain opioids’ lack of efficacy in certain patients. The findings challenge the current direction of analgesic research in developing non‐opioid alternatives and we suggest that improving opioids, rather than replacing them, will be a fruitful avenue for future research.
Pd3Pb Nanosponges for Selective Conversion of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol under Mild Condition
Authors: Jun Minki , Yang Heesu , Kim Dongyong , Bang Gi Joo , Kim Minah , Jin Haneul , Kwon Taehyun , Baik Hionsuck , Sohn Jeong‐Hun , Jung Yousung , Kim Heejin , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlloy structures with high catalytic surface areas and tunable surface energies can lead to high catalytic selectivity and activities. Herein, the synthesis of sponge‐like Pd3Pb multiframes (Pd3Pb MFs) is reported by using the thermodynamically driven phase segregation, which exhibit high selectivity (93%) for the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) under mild conditions. The excellent catalytic performance of the Pd3Pb MF catalysts is attributed to the high surface area and optimized surface energy of the catalyst, which is associated with the introduction of Pb to Pd. Density functional theory calculations show that the binding energy of FOL to the surface energy‐tuned Pd3Pb MF is sufficiently lowered to prevent side reactions such as over‐hydrogenation of FOL.
Lived Nation: Histories of Experience and Emotion in Understanding Nationalism
Authors: Kivimäki Ville , Suodenjoki Sami , Vahtikari Tanja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chapter introduces the concept of “lived nation” as a new perspective on studying nations and nationalism. By employing theories and methodologies from the histories of experience and emotions, the authors suggest a framework for analyzing how nations form and renew contexts for experiencing and feeling, and how the nations themselves are constructed in this process. Experiences and emotions are seen as mediators between different personal, social, cultural, and political spheres. Linked to discussions on everyday nationalism, personal nationalism, and national indifference, the chapter points toward future steps to be taken in nationalism studies, steps which will pay growing attention to historically varying bodily, material, and spatial contexts of experiencing.
Lived Historiography: National History as a Script to the Past
Authors: Haapala Pertti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe chapter studies the role of historiography in experiencing the past. Haapala analyzes how written history and its conceptualizations offered people a framework for understanding, defining, and living the past emotionally, and understanding how their present experiences became connected to history. It is claimed here that academic historiography often played a major role in creating historical and national identities by providing a script, as well as intellectual and emotional tools, to live the past. National history was invented by nineteenth-century intellectuals and it became a powerful, imagined narrative for the nation for two centuries. That success can be explained only by realizing the societal and political role of history writing as an autobiography of a society.
Guardians of the Land? Smallholders Living Their Nation in Interwar Finland
Authors: Markkola Pirjo , Östman Ann-Catrin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter relates small-scale landowning to the lived nation by exploring what it meant to become a landowner. Pirjo Markkola and Ann-Catrin Östman study how smallholders in peripheral areas encountered civil-society organizations promoting modernization in the 1920s. Focusing mainly on the work of the Ruth Foundation, this chapter shows how smallholders made use of opportunities to keep and maintain their farms and what kind of emotions, ambitions and calculations were attached to landowning. By investigating the encounters between smallholders and various organizations, Markkola and Östman explore classed and gendered everyday practices on a grassroots level. A small corpus of ego-documents, read in the context of economic development programs represented by the organizations, deepens our knowledge of smallholders living and practicing their nation in the 1920s.
The History of Money Creation
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dominance of deposit money means commercial banks play a leading role in money creation. This chapter puts this situation in a historical context. The functioning of our financial monetary system and the role of banks have changed fundamentally over time. The chapter reveals that what we take for granted today was often far from self-evident yesterday. We focus on the Netherlands and discuss four periods in turn: (1) the ‘long nineteenth century’ up to the First World War, with an emphasis on the 1870−1914 period, (2) the interwar period (1918−1939), (3) the Bretton Woods period (1944−1973) and (4) the decades leading up to the latest financial crisis (1973−2008).
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Sovereign Money System
Authors: Stellinga Bart , de Hoog Josta , van Riel Arthur , de Vries Casper 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter considers the advantages and disadvantages of the sovereign money system. It is structured following the four goals of any well-functioning financial monetary system that we identified in Chap.4: its contribution to the economy; stability; fairness in the distribution of costs, benefits and risks; and legitimacy. We also address issues related to the international dimension, the transition, and system dynamics and innovation.
Multilokalität in ländlichen Räumen als Herausforderung für Stadt- und Regionalplanung
Authors: Othengrafen Frank , Greinke Lena , Lange Linda , Seitz Annette 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungMultilokalität bedeutet das gleichzeitige Leben an mehreren Orten. Dabei verteilen multilokal lebende Personen ihren Lebensalltag auf zwei oder mehr Orte, die sie mehr oder weniger funktionsteilig in unterschiedlichen Zeiträumen nutzen. Dieses Kapitel fokussiert multilokale Lebenspraktiken und zeigt ihre Bedeutung für ländliche Räume auf.
Multilokalität und gleichwertige Lebensverhältnisse: Handlungsansätze von Regionalplanung und -management
Authors: Othengrafen Frank , Greinke Lena , Danielzyk Rainer 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Phänomen der multilokalen Lebensweisen wird bislang losgelöst von der Leitvorstellung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse als Herausforderung der Raumplanung und des Regionalmanagements diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag thematisiert potenzielle Handlungsfelder von Regionalplanung und -management in den Themenbereichen a) Bewusstseinsförderung und Ansprechstrukturen, b) Wohnen und Infrastrukturen, c) bürgerschaftliches Engagement sowie d) Arbeit und regionale Wirtschaft. Zudem wird Multilokalität als Chance oder Risiko für die Regionalentwicklung in unterschiedlich charakterisierte Typen ländlicher Räume reflektiert. Zum Schluss wird die „Gretchenfrage“ diskutiert, ob Multilokalität gefördert oder Multilokale dauerhaft sesshaft gemacht werden sollten.
Pentagon integrals to arbitrary order in the dimensional regulator
Authors: Syrrakos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analytically calculate one-loop five-point Master Integrals, pentagon integrals, with up to one off-shell leg to arbitrary order in the dimensional regulator in d = 4−2𝜖 space-time dimensions. A pure basis of Master Integrals is constructed for the pentagon family with one off-shell leg, satisfying a single-variable canonical differential equation in the Simplified Differential Equations approach. The relevant boundary terms are given in closed form, including a hypergeometric function which can be expanded to arbitrary order in the dimensional regulator using the Mathematica package HypExp. Thus one can obtain solutions of the canonical differential equation in terms of Goncharov Polylogartihms of arbitrary transcendental weight. As a special limit of the one-mass pentagon family, we obtain a fully analytic result for the massless pentagon family in terms of pure and universally transcendental functions. For both families we provide explicit solutions in terms of Goncharov Polylogartihms up to weight four.
Fragmentation function of g → $$ Q\overline{Q} $$(3$$ {S}_1^{\left[8\right]} $$) in soft gluon factorization and threshold resummation
Authors: Chen An-Ping , Jin Xiao-Bo , Ma Yan-Qing , Meng Ce 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the fragmentation function of the gluon to color-octet 3S1 heavy quark-antiquark pair using the soft gluon factorization (SGF) approach, which expresses the fragmentation function in a form of perturbative short-distance hard part convoluted with one-dimensional color-octet 3S1 soft gluon distribution (SGD). The short distance hard part is calculated to the next-to-leading order in αs and all orders in velocity expansion. By deriving and solving the renormalization group equation of the SGD, threshold logarithms are resummed to all orders in perturbation theory. The comparison with gluon fragmentation function calculated in NRQCD factorization approach indicates that the SGF formula resums a series of velocity corrections in NRQCD which are important for phenomenological study.
Herausforderungen von Evidenzlevel-1-Studien in der Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie
Authors: Günther Daniel , Herbst Elmar , Laky Brenda , Lattermann Christian , Mathis Dominic T. , Rössler Philip , Schüttler Karl Friedrich , Wafaisade Arasch , Kopf Sebastian ,   Research-Komitee der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Arthroskopie (AGA)
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungRandomisierte kontrollierte klinische Studien stellen für chirurgische Fachdisziplinen eine Herausforderung dar. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Besonderheiten und Schwierigkeiten solcher Studien. Wann immer möglich, sollte das höchste Evidenzlevel angestrebt werden. Ist ein hohes Evidenzlevel allerdings methodisch nicht korrekt erreichbar, sollte das bestmögliche nächste Evidenzlevel erzielt werden. Die Bewertung, auch im Hinblick auf die Kostenerstattung, sollte daher gerade in chirurgischen Disziplinen nicht ausschließlich am Evidenzlevel festgemacht werden. Vielmehr sollte im Rahmen von Expertengremien und unter Zuhilfenahme der besten, verfügbaren Evidenz beurteilt werden.
Eosinophilic esophagitis—established facts and new horizons
Authors: Biedermann Luc , Straumann Alex , Greuter Thomas , Schreiner Philipp 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite dramatic advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis and course of disease in the relatively short timeframe since the discovery and first description of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) less than three decades ago, many open questions remain to be elucidated. For instance, we will need to better characterize atypical clinical presentations of EoE and other forms of esophageal inflammatory conditions with often similar clinical presentations, nut fulfilling current diagnostic criteria for EoE and to determine their significance and interrelationship with genuine EoE. In addition, the interrelationship of EoE with other immune-mediated diseases remains to be clarified. Hopefully, a closer look at the role of environmental factors and their interaction with genetic susceptibility often in context of atopic predisposition may enable identifying the candidate substances/agents/allergens and potentially earlier (childhood) events to trigger the condition. It appears plausible to assume that in the end—comparable to current concepts in other immune-mediated chronic diseases, such as for instance inflammatory bowel disease or asthma bronchiale—we will not be rewarded with the identification of a “one-and-only” underlying pathogenetic trigger factor, with causal responsibility for the disease in each and every EoE patient. Rather, the relative contribution and importance of intrinsic susceptibility, i.e., patient-driven factors (genetics, aberrant immune response) and external trigger factors, such as food (or aero-) allergens as well as early childhood events (e.g., infection and exposure to antibiotics and other drugs) may substantially differ among given individuals with EoE. Accordingly, selection and treatment duration of medical therapy, success rates and extent of required restriction in dietary treatment, and the need for mechanical treatment to address strictures and stenosis require an individualized approach, tailored to each patient. With the advances of emerging treatment options, the importance of such an individualized and patient-centered assessment will increase even further.
Long time behavior and stable patterns in high-dimensional polarity models of asymmetric cell division
Authors: Morita Yoshihisa , Seirin-Lee Sungrim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsymmetric cell division is one of the fundamental processes to create cell diversity in the early stage of embryonic development. During this process, the polarity formation in the cell membrane has been considered as a key process by which the entire polarity formation in the cytosol is controlled, and it has been extensively studied in both experiments and mathematical models. Nonetheless, a mathematically rigorous analysis of the polarity formation in the asymmetric cell division has been little explored, particularly for bulk-surface models. In this article, we deal with polarity models proposed for describing the PAR polarity formation in the asymmetric cell division of a C. elegans embryo. Using a simpler but mathematically consistent model, we exhibit the long time behavior of the polarity formation of a bulk-surface cell. Moreover, we mathematically prove the existence of stable polarity solutions of the model equation in an arbitrary high-dimensional domain and analyse how the boundary position of polarity domain is determined. Our results propose that the existence and dynamics of the polarity in the asymmetric cell division can be understood universally in terms of basic mathematical structures.
Disentangling interoceptive abilities in alexithymia
Authors: Scarpazza Cristina , Zangrossi Andrea , Huang Yu-Chun , Sartori Giuseppe , Massaro Sebastiano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, research on interoceptive abilities (i.e., sensibility, accuracy, and awareness) and their associations with emotional experience has flourished. Yet interoceptive abilities in alexithymia—a personality trait characterized by a difficulty in the cognitive interpretation of emotional arousal, which impacts emotional experience—remain under-investigated, thereby limiting a full understanding of subjective emotional experience processing. Research has proposed two contrasting explanations thus far: in one model, the dimensions of interoceptive sensibility and accuracy in alexithymia would increase; in the other model, they would decrease. Surprisingly, the contribution of interoceptive awareness has been minimally researched. In this study (N = 182), the relationship between participants’ level of alexithymia and the three interoceptive dimensions was tested. Our results show that the higher the level of alexithymia is, the higher interoceptive accuracy and sensibility (R2 = 0.29 andR2 = 0.14); conversely, the higher the level of alexithymia is, the lower interoceptive awareness (R2 = 0.36). Moreover, an ROC analysis reveals that interoceptive awareness is the most accurate predictor of alexithymia, yielding over 92% accuracy. Collectively, these results support a coherent understanding of interoceptive abilities in alexithymia, whereby the dissociation of interoceptive accuracy and awareness may explain the underlying psycho-physiological mechanisms of alexithymia. A possible neurocognitive mechanism is discussed which suggests insurgence of psychosomatic disorders in alexithymia and related psychotherapeutic approaches.
Geastrum dolomiticum, a new earthstar species from Central Europe
Authors: Finy Péter , Papp Viktor , Knapp Dániel G. , Bóka Károly , Kovács Gábor M. , Dima Bálint 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe recently revised Geastrum minimum species complex in sect. Geastrum subsect. Quadrifida revealed that the name G. minimum is a nomen ambiguum and dubium and was collectively used for at least two European species (viz. G. granulosum and G. marginatum). During the morphological revision of the Hungarian materials labelled as G. minimum, different crystal structures were found on the endoperidial body of some specimens than those of characteristic for G. granulosum and G. marginatum. These collections were exclusively found on open rocky grassy vegetation on dolomite bedrock in Hungary. Multigene phylogenetic analyses involving nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1, atp6 and tef1-α sequences of the collections with unique crystal morphology and ecology revealed that these form a distinct clade in close relationship with G. granulosum s.l. (i.e. specimens from Europe and North America). Based on molecular evidence, macro- and micromorphology as well as X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) characterisation of the mesoperidial crystals, here we propose the new species Geastrum dolomiticum.
Outcomes of mid-term and long-term degradable biosynthetic meshes in single-stage open complex abdominal wall reconstruction
Authors: Claessen J. J. M. , Timmer A. S. , Atema J. J. , Boermeester M. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To assess clinical outcomes in patients that underwent open single-stage complex abdominal wall reconstruction (CAWR) with biosynthetic mesh.

Methods
Retrospective observational study of two prospectively registered series of consecutive patients undergoing CAWR with either long-term degradable (LTD) Phasix™ or mid-term degradable (MTD) BIO-A® biosynthetic mesh in a single institution between June 2016 and December 2019.

Results
From 169 patients with CAWR, 70 consecutive patients were identified who underwent CAWR with either LTD or MTD biosynthetic mesh. More than 85% of patients had an incisional hernia that could be classified as moderately complex to major complex due to a previous wound infection (67%), one or more complicating comorbidities (87.1%), one or more complicating hernia characteristics (75.7%) or contaminated or dirty defects (37.1%). Concomitant component separation was performed in 43 of 70 patients (61.4%). Overall surgical site infection (SSI) rate in these CAWR patients was 45.7%. Seventeen of 70 patients (24.3%) had computed tomography (CT) - and culture-confirmed SSI in direct contact of mesh, suspicious of mesh infection. Mesh removal for persistent local infection occurred in 10% (7 of 70) after a median of 229 days since surgery. Salvage rate of mesh after direct contact with infection was 58.8%. All removed meshes were in the LTD group. Seven patients (10%) had a recurrence; four patients in the LTD group (10%) had a recurrence at a median follow-up of 35 months and three patients in the MTD group (10%) at a median follow-up of 11 months. Three of the seven recurrences occurred in patients with SSI in persistent and direct contact with mesh.

Conclusions
Comorbid patients undergoing open complex abdominal wall reconstruction are at high risk of postoperative wound complications regardless of which type of biosynthetic mesh is used. When in persistent and direct contact with infection, long-term biodegradable biosynthetic meshes may need to be removed, whereas mid-term biodegradable biosynthetic meshes can be salvaged.