bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Septal Pacing for Pacemaker‐Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mercé Jordi , Anguera Ignasi , Rodríguez Marcos , Faga Valentina , Rodríguez Julián , Dallaglio Paolo D. , Antonio Rodolfo San , Marco Andrea Di 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRight ventricular (RV) pacing can impair left ventricular function and cause heart failure, known as pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Upgrade to cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is its usual treatment; recently left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has emerged as a potential alternative. Deep septal pacing (DSP), a simplified alternative to LBBAP, is still able to achieve narrower paced QRS than during conventional RV pacing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of DSP in a cohort of patients with PICM.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients diagnosed with PICM were included. The aim was to upgrade patients to DSP. The procedure was considered successful if a paced QRS duration ≤140 ms was obtained, in the absence of a terminal R wave in V1. Twelve patients were included. The mean baseline LVEF was 33% (SD 4%), and the mean percentage of RV pacing was 99% (SD 1%). All patients had symptomatic heart failure. The mean paced QRS duration was 172 ms (SD 14 ms) with RV pacing, and 130 ms (SD 7 ms) with DSP (mean difference 42 ms, p < 0.001). At 6 months, the mean LVEF after the upgrade was 46% (SD 9%), significantly superior to LVEF with RV pacing (p = 0.001), a mean improvement of 13% (SD 10%). All patients except one experienced an improvement in LVEF of at least 5%.ConclusionsOur data suggest that DSP may be an effective and simpler alternative to biventricular or LBBAP in patients with PICM. Narrower paced QRS complexes can be achieved, which may lead to an improvement in left ventricular function.
Transcriptional Reprogramming Deploys a Compartmentalized ‘Timebomb’ in Catharanthus roseus to Fend Off Chewing Herbivores
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Shi Jizhe , Patra Barunava , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Wu Xia , Lyu Ruiqing , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Yongqing , Wang Ying , Zhou Xuguo , Pattanaik Sitakanta , Yuan Ling 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary arms race between plants and insects has led to key adaptive innovations that drive diversification. Alkaloids are well‐documented anti‐herbivory compounds in plant chemical defences, but how these specialized metabolites are allocated to cope with both biotic and abiotic stresses concomitantly is largely unknown. To examine how plants prioritize their metabolic resources responding to herbivory and cold, we integrated dietary toxicity bioassay in insects with co‐expression analysis, hierarchical clustering, promoter assay, and protein–protein interaction in plants. Catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant known for its insecticidal property against chewing herbivores, produces two terpenoid indole alkaloid monomers, vindoline and catharanthine. Individually, they exhibited negligible toxicity against Manduca sexta, a chewing herbivore; their condensed product, anhydrovinblastine; however, was highly toxic. Such a unique insecticidal mode of action demonstrates that terpenoid indole alkaloid ‘timebomb’ can only be activated when the two spatially isolated monomeric precursors are dimerized by herbivory. Without initial selection pressure and apparent fitness costs, this adaptive chemical defence against herbivory is innovative and sustainable. The biosynthesis of insecticidal terpenoid indole alkaloids is induced by herbivory but suppressed by cold. Here, we identified a transcription factor, herbivore‐induced vindoline‐gene Expression (HIVE), that coordinates the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in response to herbivory and cold stress. The HIVE‐mediated transcriptional reprogramming allows this herbaceous perennial to allocate its metabolic resources for chemical defence at a normal temperature when herbivory pressure is high, but switches to cold tolerance under a cooler temperature when insect infestation is secondary.
Stomatal Plasticity Maintains Water Potential Homeostasis in Pinus radiata Needles
Authors: Sharma Kritika , Bourbia Ibrahim , Freeman Jules , Jones Rebecca , Brodribb Timothy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a primary determinant of stomatal behaviour and water balance in plants. With increasing global temperature, the accompanying rise in VPD is likely to have a significant impact on the performance of plant species in the future. However, the plasticity of stomatal response to VPD remains largely unexplored. This study examines the plasticity of whole plant stomatal conductance (gc) response to VPD in Pinus radiata plants grown under two temperatures and a water‐deficient treatment over a period of 3 months. The soil–stem water potential gradient (ΔΨ), gc and soil−stem hydraulic conductance (Ks‐s) were evaluated. The different treatment groups showed significant differences in maximum gc relating to differences in Ks‐s, however, gc dynamic response to VPD was very similar in all treatments such that ΔΨ was conserved once VPD increased above an average threshold of 0.64 kPa. The ability to robustly quantify water potential regulation in Pinus presents opportunities to explore variation in this globally important tree genus as well as providing a new approach to characterize the regulation of gas exchange in response to VPD.
Economic Growth Expectations and Corporate Innovation: Evidence From China
Authors: Wang Lujun , Ji Yuyang , Luo Yongmin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe take the economic growth target established in the Chinese government's work report as a proxy variable for economic growth expectations to study the impact of economic growth expectations on corporate innovation and its underlying mechanisms using data from Chinese A‐share listed companies for the period 2011–2021. The results show that economic growth expectations are considerably positively related to corporate innovation. This facilitating effect is more significant in the samples characterized by hard constraints on economic growth expectations, non‐state‐owned firms, and the eastern region. A mechanism analysis shows that increased economic growth expectations reduce environmental uncertainty and ease financing constraints, thus promoting corporate innovation. Our study provides an important policy reference for improving firms' ability to innovate by managing economic growth expectations.
Changes in Americans’ Racial Attitudes Have Increased Support for Welfare
Authors: Vilbig Karyn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis article documents changes in Americans’ attitudes toward redistributive policy since 2012 and explores the extent to which we can rightfully credit the increases in support for government aid to shifts in racial attitudes as opposed to other concurrent forces.MethodsUsing the 2016–2020 GSS panel, I employ fixed‐effects models to quantify how within‐person changes in racial attitudes are related to support for redistributive policies in 2020. I then perform KOB decomposition analysis using the 2012 and 2020 ANES to determine how much of the change in Americans’ support for redistributive policies can be explained by changes in the values and/or effects of their racial attitudes.ResultsAmericans have indeed exhibited large increases in their support for redistributive policies since 2012, and a sizable portion of these increases can be attributed to changes in their racial attitudes and the effects of these racial attitudes. These changes are strongest among Democrats but can even be found among Republicans.ConclusionIn the past, many Americans opposed government aid because they believed it benefitted Black people. Today, many Americans support government aid for precisely the same reason.
Origin of the only myrmecomorphic stink bug, Pentamyrmex spinosus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the radiation era of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Luo Jiu‐Yang , Wu Yan‐Zhuo , Kment Petr , Salomão Adriana T. , Damken Claas , Wang Yan‐Hui , Xie Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMyrmecomorphy is the most common type of Batesian mimicry in arthropods. In the true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera), myrmecomorphy has been recorded in at least seven superfamilies, but not among the stink bugs (Pentatomoidea) until 2014. The only known species that exhibits a high degree of myrmecomorphy during both the adult and nymphal stages within this group, Pentamyrmex spinosus, was reported based on a single specimen, yet little was known beyond its morphological description. In this study, the biology of this species is reported as living in bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), in close proximity with a highly similar ant species, Polyrhachis dives (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Further, the phylogenetic position and the origin time of this stink bug species were inferred in the context of Pentatomoidea. The dated phylogeny indicates that Pentamyrmex spinosus is the sister group of Phyllocephalinae, a specialized grass‐feeding subfamily in Pentatomidae, and diverged about 42.7 Ma (52.6–33.2 Ma), roughly synchronous with the radiation of the crown group of Polyrhachis ants (42.0–33.0 Ma) and slightly after the early radiation of bamboos (66.9–24.9 Ma). Our results suggest that the origin of this myrmecomorphic stink bug was probably driven by the rapid diversification of spiny ants and bamboo. In addition, our results also provide a reference framework for the phylogenetic and taxonomic systems of Pentatomoidea and Pentatomidae.
Spaces of maps between real algebraic varieties
Authors: Kucharz Wojciech 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven two real algebraic varieties and , we denote by the set of all regular maps from to . The set is regarded as a topological subspace of the space of all continuous maps from to endowed with the compact‐open topology. We prove, in a much more general setting than previously considered, that each path component of contains at most one path component of , and for every positive integer the inclusion map induces an isomorphism between the th homotopy groups of the corresponding path components. We also identify several cases where this inclusion map is a weak homotopy equivalence.
Simultaneous Prediction of Multiple Unmeasured Muscle Activations Through Synergy Extrapolation
Authors: Tahmid Shadman , Yang James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Estimating muscle forces is crucial for understanding joint dynamics and improving rehabilitation strategies, particularly for patients with neurological disorders who suffer from impaired muscle function. Muscle forces are directly proportional to muscle activations, which can be obtained using electromyography (EMG). EMG-driven modeling estimates muscle forces and joint moments from muscle activations. While surface muscles' activations can be obtained using surface electrodes, deep muscles require invasive methods and are not readily available for real-time applications. This study aims to extend our previously developed method for a single unmeasured muscle to a comprehensive approach for the simultaneous prediction of multiple unmeasured muscle activations in the upper extremity using muscle synergy extrapolation and EMG-driven modeling. By employing non-negative matrix factorization to decompose known EMG data into synergy components, the activations of unmeasured muscles are reconstructed with high accuracy by minimizing differences between joint moments obtained by EMG-driven modeling and inverse dynamics. This methodology is validated through experimentally collected muscle activations, demonstrating over 90% correlation with EMG signals in various scenarios.
Complex Modal Synthesis Method for Viscoelastic Flexible Multibody System Described by ANCF
Authors: Yu Zuqing , Liu Zhuo , Wang Yu , Tian Qinglong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The viscoelastic dynamic model of flexible multibody coupled with large rotation and deformation can be described by the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). However, with the increase of degrees-of-freedom, the computational cost of viscoelastic multibody systems will be very high. In addition, for nonproportionally viscoelastic flexible multibody systems, the orthogonality and superposition of complex modes only exist in the state space. In this investigation, a systematical procedure of model reduction method for viscoelastic flexible multibody systems described by ANCF is proposed based on the complex modal synthesis method. First, the whole motion process of the system is divided into a series of quasi-static equilibrium configurations. Then the dynamic equation is locally linearized based on the Taylor expansion to obtain the constant tangent stiffness matrix and damping matrix. The initial modes and modal coordinates need to be updated for each subinterval. A modal selection criterion based on the energy judgment is proposed to ensure the energy conservation and accuracy by the minimum number of truncations. Finally, three numerical examples are carried out as verification. Simulation results indicate that the method proposed procedure reduces the system scale and improves the computational efficiency under the premise of ensuring the simulation accuracy.
Simultaneous Mapping of Bubbling Regimes and Thermal Layer During Direct Contact Condensation of Steam Using Gradients-Based Approach
Authors: Singhal Anant , Tom S. , Khan A. A. , Srivastava Atul , Agarwal Deepak K. , Atrey M. D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Direct contact condensation experiments of steam in subcooled water are carried out for subcooling levels of ΔTsub= 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C with a steam injection mass flux of 20 kg/m2 s. Rainbow schlieren deflectometry is employed to visualize the thermal gradients around the condensing steam bubble in a nonintrusive manner. For the chosen flow and subcooling conditions, the bubbling regimes observed are the steam bubble growth stage, the bubble receding stage, and the bubble collapse stage. Two-dimensional images captured during the process of bubble condensation using rainbow schlieren images are presented. The redistribution of color captured through the recorded images directly reflects the thermal gradients present in the test section. Qualitative interpretation of the recorded images reveals that the thermal gradient layer thickness around the condensing steam bubble increases during the growth and receding stages, before the complete breakup of thermal gradient layer at the bubble collapse stage. The local profiles of hue distribution in the direction normal to the thermal gradient layer indicate high temperature gradients in this narrow region. The hue values and the average thickness of the thermal gradient layer were found to be maximum for 40 °C subcooling level compared to the other cases. The rate of growth and thereby the collapse of the thermal gradient layer is slower for low subcooling levels and increases with higher subcooling values. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, this work is one of the first attempts to simultaneously capture the dynamical parameters of the condensing steam bubble as well as the associated thermal gradients field using a single imaging technique, thus making the experimental approach relatively simple and cost effective.
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Harvesting Machine for Magnet-to-Magnet Recycling
Authors: Pérez-Cardona Jesús R. , Mathur Nehika , Deng Sidi , Zakotnik Miha , Oana Tudor Catalina , Sutherland John W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Closed-loop recycling streams are increasingly taking importance on the development of a sustainable future. Neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) permanent magnets are applied in a variety of applications, including direct-drive wind turbines, electric motors for electric vehicles, hard disk drives (HDDs) in laptops, and other electric devices. End-of-life HDDs are available in the United States to be collected and recycled for the production of Nd-Fe-B magnets for the exponentially increasing demand in electric vehicles and other industries. A comparative assessment of the environmental impact of HDD recycling pathways is conducted for the production of Nd-Fe-B magnets in the United States. The results show that the magnet-to-magnet recycling route has the lowest footprint. A techno-economic assessment is conducted to compare the added value of a harvesting process versus shredding HDDs. After conducting an uncertainty analysis with an optimization technique, multiple scenarios for a harvesting facility are economically feasible. Future work will be needed to reduce financial risks.
Force-Motion Coupled Mechanism Synthesis Method of Heavy Load Parallel Kinematic Mechanism for Multi-DoF Forming Process
Authors: Xin Shuai , Zheng Fangyan , Han Xinghui , Hua Lin , Zhuang Wuhao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At present, the design of parallel kinematic mechanism (PKM) generally starts from type synthesis based on the motion pattern and then the dimensions are synthesized based on performance requirements. The synthesized type of PKM with optimal load-bearing capacity is hard to determine because the above type synthesis is just based on the motion pattern and the number of synthesized types of PKM is huge. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate a force-motion coupled mechanism synthesis method for heavy-load PKM with optimal motion performance and load-bearing capacity. First, the optimal load-bearing conditions for PKM are derived, namely, the wrench screw of a limb is parallel to the external force acting on the moving platform and is reciprocal with the wrench of the actuator. Furthermore, a novel force-motion coupled type synthesis method is proposed, in which the wrench of the limb is added to the constrained screw system. In this situation, the synthesized PKM is singular. Therefore, dimension synthesis is carried out based on the workspace, and a near-singular 6-PHSS PKM is then synthesized. Finally, a novel multi-DoF forming machine with a forming force of 6000 kN is developed. Compared with the Stewart platform (6-UPS PKM), the maximum forces of the actuator and limb of the new near-singular 6-PHSS PKM were reduced by 80% and 10%, respectively, validating the proposed force-motion coupled synthesis method for heavy-load PKM.
Assessing Hemodynamic Changes in Cerebral Aneurysms Post Coil Embolization: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Monfared Mohammadali , Hollingsworth Luke , Gamage Peshala Thibbotuwawa , Taebi Amirtaha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A cerebral aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel within the brain that causes the vessel to bulge outwards. The choice of treatment depends on various factors including the size and location of the aneurysm and the risk of rupture, and should be tailored to individual situations rather than following a universal approach due to their variability among individuals. This approach provides the possibility of choosing precise treatment plans that are proper for each patient’s circumstances. The utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) allows for the prediction of after-surgery hemodynamic changes before any surgical approach. The goal of this research was to investigate the flow characteristics and hemodynamic parameters in cerebral arteries before and after endovascular embolization treatments using CFD in three patient-specific geometries with at least one aneurysm at the middle cerebral artery’s bifurcation. To model the coiling, the computational domain was divided into two fluid domains, a general fluid domain consisting of the parent arteries and a porous domain inside the aneurysm. CFD modeling was conducted to simulate blood flow in pre- and postcoiling scenarios. Results showed that the coiling model with different porosity values led to a redirection of blood flow away from the aneurysm sac. Additionally, changes in shear stress indicated potential alterations in susceptibility to vascular remodeling. In conclusion, these findings indicated that utilizing CFD modeling for simulating blood flow in patient-specific cerebral arteries could be utilized to predict hemodynamic parameters before any treatment.
Game Plan Disrupted: Strategic Planning Missteps in Community Soccer
Authors: Morrison Kristen A. , Eddy Terry , Misener Katie E. 
Published: December 2024

Harmony Soccer Club, a nonprofit youth soccer club in Summit Ridge, Ontario, has faced declining membership and organizational challenges since 2016, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sofia Kim, the Executive Director, had only joined the club 2 months prior and was just beginning to get comfortable in her new role. Now, Sofia must make critical recommendations after the club’s recent Annual General Meeting revealed significant discontent with a newly approved strategic plan. Members felt that the strategic plan did not adequately reflect their needs or involve sufficient stakeholder engagement. This discontent resulted in the ousting of the Board of Directors (board) and the election of a new president and directors at the Annual General Meeting. Sofia is asked to lead a comprehensive review of the strategic planning process. Imagining themselves in the role of Sofia, students will examine the implications of the board’s turnover, the failures in the strategic planning process, and the importance of incorporating member feedback. The case underscores the need for a strategic plan that resonates with diverse member perspectives to ensure the club’s future stability and success. This case study is appropriate for both upper level undergraduate and graduate sport management courses, where topics discussed include strategic management, organizational theory, and/or governance.
All the Same? Expectations and Evaluations of Sports Journalistic and Sports Organizations’ Instagram Channels by Young Adults
Authors: Oelrichs Inga , Ludwig Mark 
Published: December 2024

Social media is the main source of information for young adults. In networks like Instagram, they encounter a range of information from both journalistic media providers and sports organizations (e.g., clubs and federations). If these two types of channels are perceived as interchangeable offerings, journalistic channels risk losing relevance. Based on the uses and gratifications approach and on models for conceptualizing journalistic quality, the objective of this study was to explore (a) what young adults expect and receive from sports journalistic and sports organizations’ channels and (b) whether their assessment of the two types of channels differ. A survey (N = 687) was used to assess the gratifications sought and obtained, as well as quality expectations of and experiences with sports journalistic and sports organizations’ channels on Instagram in Germany. Results reveal that sports journalistic and sports organizations’ channels are perceived in a similar manner. One major implication for journalism is the need for further differentiation.