bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Diode Based on an Asymmetric‐Shaped Carbon Black Nanoparticle Membrane
Authors: Li Mengqi , Wang Chengfa , Liu Zhijian , Song Yongxin , Li Dongqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBioinspired ionic diodes are widely explored to mimic the controllable ion transport of biological ion channels. However, due to their vertical structures, the integration of conventional ionic diodes into complex ionic circuits is still a challenge. Here, a horizontal ionic diode is developed based on an asymmetric nanochannel network membrane (NCNM) constructed from carbon black nanoparticles. The rectification of ionic current is achieved through the asymmetric concentration polarization of ions at two ends of the asymmetric NCNM. The rectification ratio of the NCNM ionic diode can be modified flexibly by changing the working fluid and the geometry of the NCNM. It is found that with the presence of cationic surfactant in the working fluid, the rectification ratio increases more than 30 times from 3.03 to 109.77. Advanced functions of the developed ionic component, including working as an ionic transistor for current switching and integrating into an ionic diode bridge on a single nanofluidic chip for rectifying alternating current signals, are also demonstrated in this paper. The horizontally arranged NCNM ionic diode possesses the advantages of easy fabrication and integration that can be practically applied in the development of ionic electronics and biocomputing.
Heterofunctional Particles as Single Cell Sensors to Capture Secreted Immunoglobulins and Isolate Antigen‐Specific Antibody Secreting Cells
Authors: Ramirez Katily , Kyu Shuya , Nguyen Doan , Han So‐Yun , Lee Ye Lim , Bradley John , Randall Troy , Sanz Ignacio , Lee Frances Eun‐Hyung , Sulchek Todd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIsolating cells based on their secreted proteins remain a challenge. The authors demonstrate a capacity for high throughput single‐cell protein secretion analysis and isolation based on heterofunctional particles combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The workflow shows that antibody secreting cells (ASCs) specific for the H1 protein from influenza virus can be isolated from B cells. The workflow consists of incubating anti‐CD27 particles with the ASCs, capturing locally secreted immunoglobulins with Protein G on the particles, and identifying immunoglobulins specific to H1 via fluorescent labeled antigens followed by FACS to enrich antigen‐specific ASCs. Two particles designs, Janus and mixed, are tested with hybridoma cells. Mixed particles are found to improve antibody collection, while Janus particles are found to bind target cells more effectively. Targeted hybridoma cells in coculture with non‐specific hybridoma cells are identified with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 98%. Heterofunctional particles are used to capture ASCs that secrete antibodies specific for influenza virus from B cells from healthy adults isolated from blood after vaccination. Positive H1‐tetramer sorted ASCs are validated using single ASC cultures and identify 23/56 cells specific for H1 demonstrating 164‐fold enrichment from total B cells and 14.6‐fold enrichment from total ASCs.
Surfactant‐Stripped Micelles with Aggregation‐Induced Enhanced Emission for Bimodal Gut Imaging In Vivo and Microbiota Tagging Ex Vivo
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Sun Boyang , Wang Yueqi , Gao Heqi , Ren He , Zhang Hao , Lu Tong , Ren Xiangkui , Wei Wei , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Lei , Li Jiao , Ding Dan , Lovell Jonathan F. , Zhang Yumiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) hold promise for biomedical imaging and new approaches facilitating their aggregation state are desirable for fluorescence enhancement. Herein, a series of surfactant‐stripped AIEgen micelles (SSAMs) with improved fluorescence are developed by a low‐temperature surfactant‐stripping method to encapsulate AIEgens in temperature‐sensitive Pluronic block copolymer. After stripping excessive surfactant, SSAMs exhibit altered optical properties and significantly higher fluorescence quantum yield. Using this method, a library of highly concentrated fluorescent nanoparticles are generated with tunable absorption and emission wavelengths, permitting imaging of deep tissues at different wavelengths. SSAMs remain physiologically stable and can pass safely through gastrointestinal tract (GI) without degradation in the harsh conditions, allowing for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of intestine with high resolution. d‐amino acids (DAA), a natural metabolite for bacteria, can be chemically conjugated on the surface of SSAMs, enabling non‐invasive monitoring of the microbial behavior of ex vivo fluorescently labeled gut microbiota in the GI tract.
Design and Usability Evaluations of a 3D‐Printed Implantable Drug Delivery Device for Acute Liver Failure in Preclinical Settings
Authors: Kim Shin‐Young , Han Ginam , Hwang Da‐Bin , Won Dong‐Hoon , Shin Yoo‐Sub , Kim Changuk , Kang Jeon Min , Park Jung‐Hoon , Jung Hyun‐Do , Park Wooram , Yun Jun‐Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) requiring liver transplantation is a disease that occurs due to rapid hepatocellular dysfunction. As liver transplantation has various limitations, including donor scarcity, high cost, and immuno‐incompatibility, continuous local delivery of biopharmaceuticals to the liver tissue can be a promising ALF treatment option. Here, the in vivo safety and usability of a 3D‐printed implantable drug delivery device for effective ALF treatment is evaluated. The implantable reservoir consists of a 3D‐printed container and a semipermeable membrane for repeated administrations of drugs, specifically to the liver tissue. The physical stability and function of the 3D‐printed reservoir are confirmed by the mechanical properties and in vitro drug release test, respectively. In mice implanted with the reservoir system, mortality, weight changes, clinical signs, hematological and serum biochemical changes, and organ weight changes are not observed, suggesting no foreign body reaction. The usability of the reservoir system is further evaluated using an ALF model of 70% hepatectomized mice treated with N‐acetylcysteine through the system, showing cell‐specific regeneration and significant liver injury alleviation. Overall, the 3D‐printed reservoir system is safe for studying the therapeutic potential of ALF treatment, and it can be used for the delivery of various active pharmaceutical ingredients.
A Magnetically Powered Stem Cell‐Based Microrobot for Minimally Invasive Stem Cell Delivery via the Intranasal Pathway in a Mouse Brain
Authors: Jeon Sungwoong , Park Sun Hwa , Kim Eunhee , Kim Jin‐young , Kim Sung Won , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTargeted stem cell delivery with microrobots has emerged as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine, and intranasal administration is an effective approach for minimally invasive delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. In this study, a magnetically powered stem cell‐based microrobot (“Cellbot”) is used for minimally invasive targeted stem cell delivery to the brain through the intranasal passage. The Cellbot is developed by internalizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into human nasal turbinate stem cells. The SPIONs have no influence on hNTSC characteristics, including morphology, cell viability, and neuronal differentiation. The Cellbots are capable of proliferation and differentiation into neurons, neural precursor cells, and neurogliocytes. The Cellbots in the microfluidic channel can be reliably manipulated by an external magnetic field for orientation and position control. Using an ex vivo model based on brain organoids, it is determined that the Cellbots can be transplanted into brain tissue. Using a murine model, it is demonstrated that the Cellbots can be intranasally administered and magnetically guided to the target tissue in vivo. This approach has the potential to effectively treat central nervous system disorders in a minimally invasive manner.
Rigidity Bridging Flexibility to Harmonize Three Excited‐State Deactivation Pathways for NIR‐II‐Fluorescent‐Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Huang Weijing , Yang Huocheng , Hu Zongxing , Fan Yifan , Guan Xiaofang , Feng Wenqi , Liu Zhihong , Sun Yao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall organic phototherapeutic molecules of the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window (1000–1700 nm) serve as promising candidates for theranostics. However, developing such versatile agents for fluorescence‐guided photodynamic/photothermal therapy remains a demanding task stirred by competitive energy dissipation pathways, including radiative decay, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing. To the best of current knowledge, the current paradigm for addressing the issue has deliberately approached the optimum balance among three deactivation processes through offsetting from each other, possibly leading to a comprehensively compromised theranostic efficacy. Few reports aim to modulate the three deactivation pathways excluding sacrificing any one of them. Herein, a molecular design strategy to construct a phototherapeutic organic fluorophore CCNU‐1060, armed with NIR‐II luorescence‐guided phototherapeutic properties, is rationally developed. With a flexible motor, tetraphenylethene, bridged to the rigidified coplanar core boron‐azadipyrromethene, the desired CCNU‐1060 is subsequently encapsulated into an amphiphilic matrix to form CCNU‐1060 nanoparticles (NPs), which match or transcend its precursor NJ‐1060 NPs in the three energy dissipation processes. CCNU‐1060 NPs are utilized to realize high‐spatial vessel imaging and effective NIR‐II fluorescence‐guided phototherapeutic tumor ablation. This study unlocks a viewpoint of molecular engineering that simultaneously regulates multiple energy dissipation pathways for the construction of versatile phototherapy agents.
3D Co‐Printing of 3D Electronics with a Dual Light Source Technology
Authors: Xiao Junfeng , Zhang Dongxing , Guo Qiuquan , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study reports a new strategy—3D co‐printing technology by collaboratively employing a dual‐light curing process—to fabricate 3D electronics selectively either deposited on a free‐form surface or embedded within a bulk structure. The 3D co‐printing technology only involves one printing material, which works for both the construction of polymeric structures and the metallization process of conductive circuits resulted from the metal precursor loaded in photosensitive resin. The photoreduction of metal nanoparticles (NPs) can be efficiently activated with a second laser scanning. 3D co‐printing technology addresses the challenge of conventional methods requiring multiple materials deposition processes. The resultant conductive trace composed of NPs exhibits a superior resistivity as low as ≈6.12 µΩ m. The resistivity is further controllable ranging from 10−6 to 10 Ω m through adjusting the material formulation and processing parameters. This study has demonstrated that the proposed 3D co‐printing is a high‐efficiency and low‐cost co‐printing approach which opens a new avenue of making 3D electronics.
Bioinspired Artificial Compound Eyes: Characteristic, Fabrication, and Application
Authors: Yang Qing , Li Minjing , Bian Hao , Yong Jiale , Zhang Fan , Hou Xun , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe natural compound eyes provide great inspiration for design of advanced imaging devices. Artificial compound eyes (ACEs) with close‐packed microlens arrays (MLAs) have attracted enormous research interests due to their remarkable advantages in modern micro‐optical systems, such as miniaturization, high integration, tunable focal length, large field of view, and moving objects tracking. Over a decade of intense research, numerous approaches have been successfully developed to fabricate MLAs with high surface morphology and excellent optical performance. This paper gives a review of progress and continuous effort in the development and practical applications of ACEs. At first, two representative visual systems: single‐lens eye and compound eye are briefly introduced. Then, the main characteristic parameters of the microlens and MLAs are presented. After that, various fabrication technologies with different mechanisms that are successfully applied in planar and curved MLAs are summarized. The advantages and limitations of each processing method are discussed. Subsequently, some important practical applications of MLAs, particularly on imaging, beaming homogenizing, sensing, light extraction technique, micro‐total analysis systems (µ‐TAS), and microfabrication are also given. Finally, the current challenges and further prospects of this field are highlighted.
Mitigating Water Crossover by Crosslinked Coating of Cation‐Exchange Membranes for Brine Concentration
Authors: Rommerskirchen Alexandra , Roth Hannah , Linnartz Christian J. , Egidi Franziska , Kneppeck Christian , Roghmans Florian , Wessling Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUndesired water crossover through ion‐exchange membranes is a significant limitation in electrically driven desalination processes. The effect of mitigating water crossover is twofold: 1) The desalination degree is less reduced due to the unwanted removal of water, and 2) the brine concentration is increased due to decreased dilution by an unwanted crossover of water molecules. Hence, water crossover limits the desalination and concentration efficiency of the processes, while the energy demand to achieve a certain level of desalination or concentration increases. This effect is especially pronounced when treating high salinity solutions, which goes hand in hand with the crossover of many ions through the ion‐exchange membranes. A crosslinked coating for cation‐exchange membranes (CEMs) is presented in this work, which can significantly mitigate such undesired water crossover. The efficacy is demonstrated using the flow‐electrode capacitive deionization process applied for desalination and concentration of saline brines at feed concentrations of 60 and 120 g L−1 NaCl. With just a single coated CEM, the water crossover was reduced by up to 54%.
Simultaneous Illumination‐Imaging
Authors: Fu Kang , Gao Xumin , Qin Feifei , Song Yongyuan , Wang Linning , Ye Ziqi , Su Yulong , Zhu Hongbo , Ji Xiangyang , Wang Yongjin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicro multiple quantum well (MQW) III‐nitride diodes usually function as micro light‐emitting diodes, which are considered the next generation of display technology. In addition to both illumination and display, MQW III‐nitride diodes in theory have the capability to both detect and modulate light. Here, proof that the III‐nitride diode can simultaneously emit and detect light is experimentally confirmed by a wireless light communication system using two identical devices. The 20 × 20 MQW III‐nitride diodes are monolithically integrated into a single chip and a real‐time imaging system of transmitted images is established, which in practice can perform display, illumination, imaging, and simultaneous illumination‐imaging operations. These functions can be software controlled and switched freely. This work may lead to a multifunctional display that merges millions of III‐nitride diodes together to perform these functions at the same time.
Simulation of Charge Carriers in Organic Electronic Devices: Methods with their Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Zojer Karin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevice modeling is an established tool to design and optimize organic electronic devices, be them organic light emitting diodes, organic photovoltaic devices, or organic transistors and thin‐film transistors. Further, reliable device simulations form the basis for elaborate experimental characterizations of crucial mechanisms encountered in such devices. The present contribution collects and compares contemporary model approaches to describe charge transport in devices. These approaches comprise kinetic Monte Carlo, the master equation, drift‐diffusion, and equivalent circuit analysis. This overview particularly aims at highlighting the following three aspects for each method: i) The foundation of a method including inherent assumptions and capabilities, ii) how the nature of organic semiconductors enters the model, and iii) how major tuning handles required to control the device operation are accounted for, namely temperature, external field, and provision of mobile carriers. As these approaches form a hierarchy of models suitable for multiscale modeling, this contribution also points out less established or even missing links between the approaches.
Tris(Keto‐Hydrazone): A Fully Integrated Highly Stable and Exceptionally Sensitive H2S Capacitive Sensor
Authors: Yuvaraja Saravanan , Bhyranalyar Veerabhadraswamy Nagarajappa , Bhat Sachin A. , Vijjapu Mani Teja , Surya Sandeep G. , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar Veerappa , Salama Khaled Nabil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere a novel tris(keto‐hydrazone) monomer having secondary amines and alkoxy groups to detect toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is reported. The as‐synthesized tris(keto‐hydrazone) monomer is successfully integrated on a micro‐fabricated device to realize an organic capacitive sensor. The organic sensor's quantitative detection capability toward H2S gas and its specificity against the other toxic gases and volatile organic compounds are investigated. The capacitance sensor achieves an excellent sensitivity (80% parts per million–1) toward H2S gas with an experimental limit of detection of around 25 parts per billion. Besides, the fabricated capacitive sensor displays minimal response to humidity (0.005% RH–1), and high ambient stability (≈8 months) without compromising sensing performance. Furthermore, the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy spectrum analysis confirms the adsorption of sulfur atoms over the surface of the monomer after the exposure to H2S gas. After that, a short purge of N2 gas would suffice to revive the whole device and can work with negligible losses.
Lattice Oxygen Instability in Oxide‐Based Intercalation Cathodes: A Case Study of Layered LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Ohta Kento , Kimura Yuta , Tamenori Yusuke , Tsuruta Kazuki , Amezawa Koji , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOxide‐based cathode materials are key components of secondary batteries, for example, alkali metal‐ion and anion batteries, sufficient stability of which is thus vital for ensuring high energy density and safety. However, problems originating from the lattice oxygen instability in oxide‐based intercalation cathodes are widely reported, such as capacity degradation, gas generation, and thermal runaway, highlighting the importance of deep insights into the critical factors for lattice oxygen stability. In this work, lattice oxygen stability in layered rock‐salt LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2−δ is investigated with a focus on oxygen release behavior and relevant changes in crystal and electronic structures. Release of lattice oxygen facilitates cation mixing, transition metal slab expansion, and Li slab contraction, thus deteriorating the layered structure. As is revealed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in the beginning stage of oxygen release, the charge balance is compensated by selective reduction of Ni3+. This strongly suggests that high valent Ni generated by delithiation or negative defect species, that is, lithium at the transition metal site ( TM), aggravates oxygen release severely. The findings of this work provide a new research direction and guidelines for the stabilization of lattice oxygen in oxide‐based intercalation cathodes.
Highly Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries: Reinforced Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3/Li Interface by a Protection Interlayer
Authors: Chen Zhen , Kim Guk‐Tae , Kim Jae‐Kwang , Zarrabeitia Maider , Kuenzel Matthias , Liang Hai‐Peng , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNASICON‐type Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) solid electrolytes have developed as a promising candidate for solid‐state lithium batteries. However, the brittle and stiff LATP suffers from poor physical contact with electrodes and chemical/electrochemical instability at electrode|electrolyte interfaces. Herein, a thin and flexible hybrid electrolyte comprised of LATP and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluorethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) incorporated with highly concentrated ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) is prepared to resolve these prominent limitations. To further protect the LATP|Li interface, an ultrathin poly[2,3‐bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxycarbonyl)‐norbornene] (PTNB) polymer is coated on Li, acting as an additional protective layer. Consequently, the lithium stripping‐plating lifetime is prolonged from 128 to 792 h, with no dendritic lithium observed. The PTNB@Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (PTNB@Li||NCM811) cells achieve significantly improved rate capability and cycling stability, predominantly resulting from the drastically decreased interfacial resistances, prohibited dendritic lithium generation, mitigated cathode material phase evolution, and prevention of internal microcrack formation. The thinner interphases formed on NCM811 and PTNB@Li electrodes also play a key role. The quasi‐solid‐state batteries allow for the fabrication of multi‐layer bipolar cells with stable cycling. Even under some exertive circumstances, (limited lithium source, low temperature, e.g., 0 °C), the impressive electrochemical performance achieved highlights the importance of such quasi‐solid‐state lithium batteries as a viable solution for the next‐generation high‐performance lithium batteries.
Jujube is at a competitiveness disadvantage to cotton in intercropped system
Authors: Ai Pengrui , Ma Yingjie , Hai Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntercropping is a key methodology used by farmers to improve economic benefits. However, in certain areas such as Xinjiang, China, limitations in available irrigation water make intercropping difficult to implement. Farmers are therefore challenged to improve economic benefits in water‐limited conditions. We evaluated the effectiveness of intercropped common jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under different irrigation regimes. Using a factorial design, crops were planted individually and together (i.e., intercropping) under five different irrigation systems. We measured growth parameters and evaluated the temporal distribution of root system growth and fruit yield. Intercropped cotton displayed higher fitness metrics and outperformed the single‐cropped cotton in crop yield. Intercropping, however, had the opposite effect on jujube plants: the overall fitness and yield of jujube were significantly curtailed under the interspecific competition induced by this planting technique. Under low irrigation levels, cotton plants tended to invade the jujube niches that reduced jujube growth and development. Our findings suggest that in a jujube/cotton intercropping system, cotton is the dominant competitor, whose ability to inhibit the development of the less competitive jujube is exacerbated under water deficit situations. Although intercropping system affected jujube development, overall cotton yield, and therefore benefit to farmers was considerably higher using this system. However, the competitive ability of jujube gradually increases as the plant aged which could reduce the economic advantages of the intercropping system.