bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oleic and palmitic acids induce hepatic angiopoietin-like 4 expression predominantly via PPAR-γ in Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Xiang Xiaojun , Han Shangzhe , Xu Dan , Chen Qiuchi , Ji Renlei , Zhao Zengqi , Du Jianlong , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAngiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a potent regulator of TAG metabolism, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying ANGPTL4 transcription in response to fatty acids is still limited in teleost. In the current study, we explored the molecular characterisation of ANGPTL4 and regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in response to fatty acids in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Here, croaker angptl4 contained a 1416 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 471 amino acids with highly conserved 12-amino acid consensus motif. Angptl4 was widely expressed in croaker, with the highest expression in the liver. In vitro, oleic and palmitic acids (OA and PA) treatments strongly increased angptl4 mRNA expression in croaker hepatocytes. Moreover, angptl4 expression was positively regulated by PPAR family (PPAR-α, β and γ), and expression of PPARγ was also significantly increased in response to OA and PA. Moreover, inhibition of PPARγ abrogated OA- or PA-induced angptl4 mRNA expression. Beyond that, PA might increase angptl4 expression partly via the insulin signalling. Overall, the expression of ANGPTL4 is strongly upregulated by OA and PA via PPARγ in the liver of croaker, which contributes to improve the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in fish.
Major Hospital Fire in Saint Lucia
Authors: Greenidge Charles , Cawich Shamir O. , Burt Richard , Francis Tashina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a field report on a hospital fire at the St. Jude hospital in the Eastern Caribbean Island of Saint Lucia. The hospital was completely destroyed by the fire and three deaths were recorded. This paper analyses the emergency response to this hospital fire and discusses the lessons learned from this experience. This is a valuable lesion for developing countries in the Caribbean, especially since there have been four hospital fires reported in the Caribbean within the past decade.
Feeding practices in Australian early childhood education and care settings
Authors: Byrne Rebecca A , Baxter Kimberley , Irvine Sue , Vidgen Helen , Gallegos Danielle , Martin Elizabeth , Trost Stewart G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Feeding practices used by educators in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings can influence the diet quality of young children. However, Australian data is scarce and limited to describing barriers to responsive feeding. This study describes the use of feeding practices amongst a group of Australian educators.

Design:
Direct observation of feeding practices and assessment of centre policy were conducted using the ‘Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation’ tool. Self-reported feeding practices and demographic data were collected via online survey using the Childcare Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire.

Setting:
Ten centre-based ECEC services in South East Queensland, Australia.

Participants:
Educators working in ECEC.

Results:
A total of 120 meals were observed and 88 educators provided self-report data (n 84 female). Centre policy supported the use of responsive feeding practices, and this was reflected in the high frequency with which children could decide what and how much to eat, across both observed and self-report data as well as low levels of pressure to eat and use of food as a reward (observed at 19·9 % and 0 % of meals). The only apparent discrepancy was regarding modelling. Median score for self-reported role-modelling was 5·0 (4·3–5·0) and educators were observed to sit with children at 75 % of meals, however observed occasions of enthusiastic role modelling was only 22 % (0–33·3) of meals.

Conclusions:
Research addressing how educators conceptualise feeding practices, as well under what circumstances they are used, particularly in centres with different models of food provision, may shed light on why modelling is rarely implemented in practice.
‘To the benefit of Africa, the world, and ourselves’: The American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa (ANLCA) Mission to Nigeria, 1966–1968
Authors: Farquharson James Austin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFar from having only marginal significance and generating a ‘subdued’ response among African Americans, as some historians have argued, the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) collided at full velocity with the conflicting discourses and ideas by which Black Americans sought to understand their place in the United States and the world in the late 1960s. One of the most significant aspects of African American engagement with the civil war was the American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa peace mission that sought to bring the Federal Military Government of Nigeria and the secessionist leadership of the Republic of Biafra together through the mediation of some of the leading Black civil rights leaders in the United States. Through the use of untapped primary sources, this article will reveal that while the mission was primarily focused on finding a just solution to the internecine struggle, it also intersected with broader domestic and international crosscurrents.
Advancing the Evidence Base of Future Warming Impacts on Human Mobility in African Drylands
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa , Williams David S. , van der Geest Kees , Otto Friederike E. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA better understanding of climate change impacts and resulting human responses (climate‐related human mobility) have been identified as a research priority by the climate science community. Here, we provide the basis for future research efforts by identifying knowledge gaps and consolidating published evidence in the IPCC 1.5 Special Report (SR15) with recent evidence from climate science and the literature on human mobility in African drylands, a region where migrants are particularly vulnerable to climate change. We first synthesize climatic changes and their projected impacts across the region to then contextualize the projected impacts with current knowledge regarding the effect of anthropogenic climate change on human mobility. We discuss these often indirect impact channels and argue that a systems approach is needed to address the interconnectedness of climate impacts and the cascading risks of adverse consequences for human mobility.
Climatology Analysis of the Daytime Topside Ionospheric Diffusive O+ Flux Based on Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations at Millstone Hill
Authors: Cai Yihui , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Yue Xinan , Ren Zhipeng , Liu Huixin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the characteristics of the topside ionospheric O+ diffusive flux () during both geomagnetically quiet (0 ≤ Kp ≤ 2) and moderate (2 < Kp ≤ 4) times using incoherent scatter radar observations at Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 288.5°E) for solar minimum from 1970 to 2018. partially characterizes plasma mass exchange between the upper and lower part of the topside ionosphere through diffusion and sometimes serves as upper boundary conditions for ionosphere‐thermosphere models. The altitude where the flux sign changes (mainly during daytime) is termed the transition height and the time when the flux sign changes (mainly at dawn and dusk) is termed the transition time. At quiet times, the daytime transition height is ∼100 km above the peak height (hmF2) in summer, and it is about 50 km above hmF2 in other seasons; the transition time is before 18 solar local time (SLT) in spring and winter, but after 18 SLT in summer and autumn. The daytime average upward above the transition height shows a significant seasonal variation with a minimum of in summer and a maximum of in autumn. Under geomagnetically moderate conditions, the transition height increases by ∼20 km in spring, winter, and autumn, but moves up by about 20–50 km in summer. The transition time occurs later by ∼1 hr in summer but ∼1 hr earlier in other seasons. The mean upward peaks in summer and minimizes in spring.
Effect of Interplanetary Magnetic Field on Hemispheric Asymmetry in Ionospheric Horizontal and Field‐Aligned Currents During Different Seasons
Authors: Workayehu A. B. , Vanhamäki H. , Aikio A. T. , Shepherd S. G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a statistical investigation of the effects of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on hemispheric asymmetry in auroral currents. Nearly 6 years of magnetic field measurements from Swarm A and C satellites are analyzed. Bootstrap resampling is used to remove the difference in the number of samples and IMF conditions between the local seasons and the hemispheres. Currents are stronger in Northern Hemisphere (NH) than Southern Hemisphere (SH) for IMF B in NH (B in SH) in most local seasons under both signs of IMF B. For B in NH (B in SH), the hemispheric difference in currents is small except in local winter when currents in NH are stronger than in SH. During B and B in NH (B and B in SH), the largest hemispheric asymmetry occurs in local winter and autumn, when the NH/SH ratio of field aligned current (FAC) is 1.18 0.09 in winter and 1.17 0.09 in autumn. During B and B in NH (B and B in SH), the largest asymmetry is observed in local autumn with NH/SH ratio of 1.16 0.07 for FAC. We also find an explicit B effect on auroral currents in a given hemisphere: on average B in NH and B in SH causes larger currents than vice versa. The explicit B effect on divergence‐free current during IMF B is in very good agreement with the B effect on the cross polar cap potential from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network dynamic model except at SH equinox and NH summer.
Variability of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field as a Driver of Electromagnetic Induction in Mercury's Interior
Authors: Zomerdijk‐Russell S. , Masters A. , Heyner D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMercury's magnetosphere is a unique and dynamic system, primarily due to the proximity of the planet to the Sun and its small size. Interactions between solar wind and embedded interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the dayside Hermean magnetosphere drive an electric current on the system's magnetopause boundary. So far, electromagnetic induction due to magnetopause motion in response to changing external pressure has been used to constrain Mercury's iron core size. Here we assess the impact a changing IMF direction has on the Hermean magnetopause currents, and the resulting inducing magnetic field. Observations made by the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft during dayside magnetopause boundary crossings in the first “hot season,” are used to demonstrate the importance of the IMF direction to Mercury's magnetopause currents. Our 16 boundary crossings show that introduction of external IMFs change the magnetopause current direction by 10° to 100°, compared to the case where only the internal planetary field is considered. Analytical modeling was used to fill in the bigger picture and suggests for an east‐west reversal of the IMF, typical of the heliospheric current sheet sweeping over Mercury's magnetosphere, the inducing field at Mercury's surface caused by the resulting magnetopause current dynamics is on the order of 30% of the global planetary field. These results suggest that IMF variability alone has an appreciable effect on Mercury's magnetopause current and generates a significant inducing magnetic field around the planet. The arrival of the BepiColombo mission will allow this response to be further explored as a method of probing Mercury's interior.
Cataloging Tectonic Tremor Energy Radiation in the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Authors: Wech Aaron G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor the past ∼12 years the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network has been automatically detecting and locating tectonic tremor across the Cascadia subduction zone, resulting in a catalog of more than 500,000 tremor epicenters to date, which has served as a valuable resource for tremor and slip research. This manuscript presents an updated methodology for routine tremor detection in Cascadia and a new catalog of over 180,000 tremor epicenters including amplitudes detected along the subduction zone margin from 2017 to 2021. The events are detected via cross‐correlation of continuous vertical envelope data of 128 stations from northern California to northern Vancouver Island. The modified approach results in less scatter and a 55% increase in detected epicenters than previously observed, as well as a newly identified tremor source offset updip from the main tremor and slip region at the southern edge of the subduction zone. Radiated seismic energy in the 1.5–5 Hz band is used to assign epicenters an energy magnitude (MeL), which is calibrated to the ML of local earthquakes. Southern Cascadia is most active, but the highest tremor energy rates occur in northern Cascadia. Tremor in central Cascadia is systematically weaker and less frequent. Individual epicenter magnitudes range from ∼0.5–2 and spatiotemporally cluster into 1,060 swarms with cumulative MeL ranging from ∼0.8 to 3.7. The swarms reflect underlying slow slip events and occur with an earthquake‐like energy distribution with a b value ∼1. Tremor epicenters, however, follow a tapered Gutenberg‐Richter distribution with high b values, suggesting individual tremor bursts and their constituent low‐frequency earthquakes are fault‐dimension limited.
Are the Different Eddy Metrics Quantifying the Winter North Pacific Storm Track Consistent With Each Other?
Authors: Yang Minghao , Li Xin , Li Chongyin , Chen Xiong , Zhang Chao , Chen Guiwan , Li Lifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHistorical simulations from twenty‐nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models are used to investigate the consistency among different eddy metrics characterizing the winter North Pacific storm track (WNPST). All CMIP6 models can reproduce the basic climatological characteristics of the WNPST. Results show that, out of the metrics studies, only the upper‐tropospheric filtered meridional wind variance () is significantly correlated with the model grid spacing. The climatological amplitudes of different eddy metrics are consistent with each other, except for the consistency between the upper‐tropospheric and lower‐tropospheric meridional eddy heat flux and that between the middle‐tropospheric eddy kinetic energy and filtered sea level pressure variance (). The strength trends of different eddy metrics are consistent with each other except for upper‐tropospheric and . The meridional migration trends are consistent among different eddy metrics excluding . Given that the sensitivity to horizontal resolution, climatological amplitude, strength trend and meridional migration trend of different Eulerian eddy metrics may exhibit inconsistency, the use of multiple eddy metrics to increase the reliability of the results is suggested.
Climatic Drivers of Deglacial SST Variability in the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Meegan Kumar Dervla , Tierney Jessica E. , Bhattacharya Tripti , Zhu Jiang , McCarty Logan , Murray James W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explore the response of northeastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) to deglacial (16–7 ka) climate variability as recorded in ‐based SST reconstructions spanning 65°N to 10°S. Included in the analysis is a new 23 kyr SST record from core NH8P from the northwest Mexican Margin. We isolate spatiotemporal patterns in regional SSTs with trend empirical orthogonal function (TEOF) analysis. The dominant TEOF mode reflects deglacial warming associated with rising . Tropical and subtropical SSTs correlated most strongly with this mode, suggesting that the thermodynamic response of the tropical eastern Pacific to greenhouse gas forcing was the dominant driver of regional SST change during deglaciation. The second TEOF mode reflects millennial‐scale variability and is most strongly expressed in subpolar SSTs. The synchronous timing between North Pacific and North Atlantic SST oscillations is evidence for the rapid transmission of millennial‐scale climate perturbations between the basins, likely through an atmospheric teleconnection. SSTs at NH8P have no correlation with either leading TEOF mode as there is minimal change in SST at this site after 20 ka. A model simulation of the LGM indicates that glacial cooling was muted in much of the Eastern Pacific Warm Pool (EPWP), in which NH8P lies, due to reductions in latent heat flux. This suggests that the wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback was responsible for the attenuation of EPWP cooling. Overall, this study highlights the distinct latitudinal trends in the Pacific's response to deglaciation.
The Effect of Roughness Spacing and Size on the Lateral Deflection of Bedload Particles
Authors: He Chuanqi , Yang Ci‐Jian , Turowski Jens M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBedrock river lateral erosion plays a crucial role in landscape evolution, sediment transport and deposition, and the occurrence of geohazards. Fluvial erosion of massive rock is largely driven by impacts of bedload particles, which also drives crack propagation to prepare blocks for plucking. In straight channels, bedload particles generally move parallel to the channel walls and thus need to be deflected laterally to cause wall erosion. Sideward deflection of bedload particles occurs when they interact with roughness elements fixed on the riverbed. Here, we isolated the interaction of moving bedload particles with roughness elements in laboratory experiments. We conducted 21 sets of flume experiments to systematically investigate how spacing (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm) and size (5, 10, and 20 mm) of roughness elements influence sideward deflection of bedload particles in straight channels with relatively low flow depth and a localized roughness zone covering half of the channel width. Velocity changes by the first impact increase with the size of roughness elements. The deflection length and velocity peak at intermediate values of the spacing of roughness elements. The likelihood for a bedload particle to leave the roughness zone decays with the bedload particle's distance to its edge. Our results suggest that lateral erosion rates in bedrock channels are dominantly controlled by the position of the roughness zone within the channel and its relation to the particle path.
Perfecting and extending the near-infrared imaging window
Authors: Feng Zhe , Tang Tao , Wu Tianxiang , Yu Xiaoming , Zhang Yuhuang , Wang Meng , Zheng Junyan , Ying Yanyun , Chen Siyi , Zhou Jing , Fan Xiaoxiao , Zhang Dan , Li Shengliang , Zhang Mingxi , Qian Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) has been considered as a promising technique for visualizing mammals. However, the definition of the NIR-II region and the mechanism accounting for the excellent performance still need to be perfected. Herein, we simulate the photon propagation in the NIR region (to 2340 nm), confirm the positive contribution of moderate light absorption by water in intravital imaging and perfect the NIR-II window as 900–1880 nm, where 1400–1500 and 1700–1880 nm are defined as NIR-IIx and NIR-IIc regions, respectively. Moreover, 2080–2340 nm is newly proposed as the third near-infrared (NIR-III) window, which is believed to provide the best imaging quality. The wide-field fluorescence microscopy in the brain is performed around the NIR-IIx region, with excellent optical sectioning strength and the largest imaging depth of intravital NIR-II fluorescence microscopy to date. We also propose 1400 nm long-pass detection in off-peak NIR-II imaging whose performance exceeds that of NIR-IIb imaging, using bright fluorophores with short emission wavelength.
Wearable non‐invasive blood glucose monitor system based on galvanic skin resistance measurement
Authors: Donelli Massimo , Espa Giuseppe , Feraco Paola , Manekiya Mohammedhusen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work proposes a wearable system for the non‐invasive measurement of the blood glucose level. In particular, the blood glucose variations are related with the skin resistance measured with a suitable sensor. A microcontroller is aimed to measure, store and transmits on a wireless channel, the blood glucose level in a simple, non‐invasive and unsupervised way. The system is particularly useful to monitoring the glucose level in diabetic patients, and to perform the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) useful to identify metabolic diseases and to diagnose diabetes mellitus in the early stage. The preliminary obtained results are quite promising and demonstrated the potentialities of the device as diagnostic and home care tool.
A robust decision framework for strategic behaviour of integrated energy service provider with embedded natural gas and power systems in day‐ahead wholesale market
Authors: Nasiri Nima , Zeynali Saeed , Ravadanegh Sajad Najafi , Rostami Naghi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rampant growth in penetration of gas‐fired distributed units (GFDUs) is recasting the role of the integrated energy service provider (IESP) as a price‐maker player. Nevertheless, it is threatening the well‐being and reliability of the natural gas networks (NGNs). In this regard, this paper investigates the strategic participation of integrated 20‐node NGN and an 33‐bus active distribution system (ADS) in the day‐ahead wholesale market (WM), which consists of a six‐bus transmission network (TN), through a bi‐level optimization framework. The upper‐level objective is to minimize the operational costs of the IESP as well as the cost of energy that is purchased/sold in day‐ahead WM. The lower‐level problem models the optimal response of the wholesale market operator (WMO) that has the objective of maximizing social well‐fare by clearing the day‐ahead wholesale market. To alleviate the NGN's pipeline congestion, the linepack capability of the pipelines is deployed, while demand response program (DRP) and interruptible loads (IL) are integrated into the ADS side. As a computationally efficient method, robust optimization (RO) is utilized to handle the uncertainties. The results emphasize the necessity of integrating NGN into this problem. Eventually, different case studies illustrate the impact of line pack and DRP in reducing market‐clearing price.