bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Presence of Replication-Competent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From Nursing Home Residents With Persistently Positive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Results
Authors: Lutgring Joseph D , Tobolowsky Farrell A , Hatfield Kelly M , Lehnertz Nicholas B , Sullivan Maureen M , Martin Karen G , Keaton Amelia , Sexton D Joseph , Tamin Azaibi , Harcourt Jennifer L , Thornburg Natalie J , Reddy Sujan C , Jernigan John A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Replication-competent virus has not been detected in individuals with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) more than 10 days after symptom onset. It is unknown whether these findings apply to nursing home residents. Of 273 specimens collected from nursing home residents &gt;10 days from the initial positive test, none were culture positive.
Learning curve for robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Han Yu , Zhang Yajie , Zhang Wentian , Xiang Jie , Chen Kai , Huang Maosheng , Li Hecheng 
Published: May 2021

Summary
This study aimed to demonstrate the learning curve of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE). A retrospective analysis of the first 124 consecutive patients who underwent RAMIE with intrathoracic anastomosis (Ivor Lewis) by a single surgeon between May 2015 and August 2020 was performed. An risk-adjusted cumulative sum (RA-CUSUM) analysis was applied to generate a learning curve of RAMIE considering the major complication rate, which reflected the technical proficiency. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 38.7%, while the major complication rate was 25.8%. The learning curve was divided into two phases based on the RA-CUSUM analysis: phase I, the initial learning phase (cases 1–51) and phase II, the proficiency phase (cases 52–124). As we compared the proficiency phase with the initial learning phase, significantly decreased trends were observed in relation to the major complication rate (37.3% vs. 18.7%, P = 0.017), total operation time (330.9 ± 55.6 vs. 267.3 ± 39.1 minutes, P &lt; 0.001), and length of hospitalization (10 [IQR, 9–14] days vs. 9 [IQR, 8–11] days, P = 0.034). In conclusion, the learning curve of RAMIE consisted of two phases, and at least 51 cases were required to gain technical proficiency.
Effects of preoperative nutrition on postoperative outcomes in esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yuqin , Han Dingpei , Zhou Xiang , Han Yu , Zhang Yajie , Li Hecheng 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Postoperative enteral nutrition has been widely implemented in esophageal cancer, but the efficacy and safety of preoperative nutrition, particularly immune-enhancing nutrition (IEN), remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to provide a quantitative synthesis of whether preoperative nutrition improves postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with resectable esophageal cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and databases of clinical trials dated up to December 2019. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing postoperative outcomes between esophageal cancer patients with and without preoperative nutritional support were included. Random-effects model was applied in the meta-analysis of primary outcomes (overall complication rate, in-hospital mortality) and secondary outcomes (infectious complication rate, anastomotic leak rate, length of postoperative hospital stay). Complications of feeding tube access and perioperative weight loss were evaluated by qualitative synthesis. Subgroup analyses were performed by stratifying immunonutrition and standard nutrition before surgery. Subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials alone was also done. A total of 15 studies enrolling 1864 participants were included. The overall meta-analysis found that preoperative nutrition could reduce infectious complications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26, 0.98]; I2 = 48%) and length of hospital stay (mean difference = −2.10 day, 95% CI [−3.72, −0.47]; I2 = 78%) after esophagectomy, whereas no significant difference was revealed in the incidence of overall complications (OR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.52, 1.11]; I2 = 32%), in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.41, 2.61]; I2 = 12%), and anastomotic leak (OR = 1.05, 95% CI [0.69, 1.58]; I2 = 0%). Subgroup of preoperative immunonutrition showed more prominent benefits. The complication rate of feeding tube access was low (1.6–16%). In conclusion, preoperative nutrition is safe in esophageal cancer, but benefits are observed in infectious complication rate and length of stay on a limited scale. IEN holds more advantages over standard nutrition. Randomized trials in the context of nutritional support during neoadjuvant therapy are in demand.
Twiddler’s syndrome after implantation of baroreflex activation therapy: a case report
Authors: Dalos Daniel , Khazen Cesar , Schukro Christoph , Gwechenberger Marianne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Twiddler’s syndrome is a rare complication after implantation of cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators that usually occurs within the first year after the procedure. However, it has not yet been described following implantation of baroreflex activation therapy (BAT).

Case summary
A 61-year-old female patient was referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic due to uncontrolled arterial hypertension despite maximal doses of several established drugs. Therefore, right-sided BAT implantation was successfully performed in February 2017 with good clinical response. Because of sustained neck pain at the site of stimulator, surgical revision was performed in November 2019 including a switch of the lead to the contralateral position. Approximately 1 month later, Twiddler’s syndrome was identified on the basis of recurrent pain at the generator site necessitating pocket-revision, however, the lead was only untwisted but not replaced. A few weeks afterwards, unfortunately, lead revision was indispensable due to lead fracture.

Discussion
This case presents the uncommon phenomenon of Twiddler’s syndrome after BAT implantation. In addition, the commonly twisted lead should always be replaced as well during surgical pocket-revision in order to ensure proper long-term function.
Case series of iatrogenic coronary stent avulsion: a rare complication with varied management strategies
Authors: Protty Majd B , O’Neill Elinor H M , Kinnaird Tim , Gallagher Sean 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronary stent avulsion is a rare, infrequently reported complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with no consensus on management options.

Case summary
This case series presents three descriptions of iatrogenic coronary stent avulsions, and three different bailout management strategies. All patients presented with acute coronary syndrome and required PCI. In the first case, a freshly implanted stent was entrapped in a coronary guidewire and avulsed upon withdrawal of the wire into the aortic sinus. In the second case, a staged procedure to implant a new stent was complicated by stent dislodgement and entanglement with a recently implanted stent leading to avulsion of both stents into the aortic sinus and resultant dissection to the coronary arteries. In the third case, following a successful stent implantation, the tip of the coronary guidewire was bound to the proximal edge of the stent resulting in avulsion of the newly implanted stent into the ascending aorta upon retraction of the wire at the end of the procedure. The first two patients were managed percutaneously, and the third surgically. All patients have had acceptable technical and clinical outcomes.

Discussion
In the absence of a consensus on best bailout management strategy, we discuss the mechanisms of and the potential management options for this rare, but serious, complication.
A Novel Stable Isotope Approach Demonstrates Surprising Degree of Age-Related Decline in Skeletal Muscle Collagen Proteostasis
Authors: Abbott Claire B , Lawrence Marcus M , Kobak Kamil A , Lopes Erika Barboza Prado , Peelor Frederick F , Donald Elizabeth J , Van Remmen Holly , Griffin Timothy M , Miller Benjamin F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Age-related deterioration in turnover of collagen proteins accelerates extracellular matrix fibrosis and hinders adaptation to external stimuli. This project sought to understand factors that increase skeletal muscle fibrosis with age by studying what we term the dynamic protein pool. We hypothesized that the dynamic protein pool size of muscle collagen decreases with age, thus indicating a decrease in proteostatic maintenance (ie, ability to maintain proteostasis), and that failure to account for these changes impacts the interpretation of tracer-measured synthesis rates. We used deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling for up to 60 days in adult (6 months) and old (23 months) mice. The dynamic protein pool in adult skeletal muscle was 65% in tibialis anterior (TA), but only 28% in gastrocnemius (Gastroc). In aged muscle, the dynamic protein pool was further decreased to only 35% and 14% for TA and Gastroc, respectively. We showed that this loss in dynamic pool size was associated with increases in markers of fibrosis and decreased proteostatic maintenance. We demonstrate that aged muscle has higher rates of collagen protein synthesis and lower rates of collagen protein breakdown, which causes collagen accumulation. We further demonstrated that the normal assumption of complete protein renewal and the standard practice of taking a single sample with isotope labeling have profound impacts on interpretation of the genesis of fibrosis. Strategies to maintain muscle function with aging should focus on the dynamic protein pool with attention to methodological strategies to assess those changes.
Aging Delays Epimorphic Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Brunauer Regina , Xia Ian G , Asrar Shabistan N , Dawson Lindsay A , Dolan Connor P , Muneoka Ken 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEpimorphic regeneration is a multitissue regeneration process where amputation does not lead to scarring, but blastema formation and patterned morphogenesis for which cell plasticity and concerted cell–cell interactions are pivotal. Tissue regeneration declines with aging, yet if and how aging impairs epimorphic regeneration is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that aging derails the spatiotemporal regulation of epimorphic regeneration in mammals, first, by exacerbating tissue histolysis and delaying wound closure, and second, by impairing blastema differentiation and skeletal regrowth. Surprisingly, aging did not limit stem cell availability in the blastema but reduced osteoblast-dependent bone formation. Our data suggest that aging delays regeneration not by stem cell exhaustion, but functional defects of differentiated cells that may be driven by an aged wound environment and alterations in the spatiotemporal regulation of regeneration events. Our findings emphasize the importance of accurate timing of signaling events for regeneration and highlight the need for carefully timed interventions in regenerative medicine.
3-D parallel inversion of multichannel transient electromagnetic data using a moving footprint
Authors: Wang Xianxiang , You Nongren , Di Qingyun , Deng Juzhi , Chang Yongbang 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYThe multichannel transient electromagnetic method (MTEM), sensitive to both near-surface and deeply buried geoelectric structures, is a useful geophysical tool to map resistive targets. A typical MTEM survey consists of a large number of receiver and transmitter positions. The produced data volume is much larger than a traditional transient electromagnetic method survey, posing computational difficulties for its data inversion and interpretation. We proposed a 3-D parallel inversion algorithm for MTEM data based on nonlinear conjugate gradient method and the moving footprint technique. The electromagnetic response and Fréchet derivative are first calculated in the frequency domain with integral equation method and then cosine transformed into time domain. We not only fully parallelize the forward modelling and Fréchet derivative calculation but also use a moving footprint to speed up the inversion. The footprints for different offsets are carefully evaluated through synthetic models. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm has been demonstrated through synthetic and case studies.
Psychedelics and Consciousness: Distinctions, Demarcations, and Opportunities
Authors: Yaden David B , Johnson Matthew W , Griffiths Roland R , Doss Manoj K , Garcia-Romeu Albert , Nayak Sandeep , Gukasyan Natalie , Mathur Brian N , Barrett Frederick S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPsychedelic substances produce unusual and compelling changes in conscious experience that have prompted some to propose that psychedelics may provide unique insights explaining the nature of consciousness. At present, psychedelics, like other current scientific tools and methods, seem unlikely to provide information relevant to the so-called “hard problem of consciousness,” which involves explaining how first-person experience can emerge. However, psychedelics bear on multiple “easy problems of consciousness,” which involve relations between subjectivity, brain function, and behavior. In this review, we discuss common meanings of the term “consciousness” when used with regard to psychedelics and consider some models of the effects of psychedelics on the brain that have also been associated with explanatory claims about consciousness. We conclude by calling for epistemic humility regarding the potential for psychedelic research to aid in explaining the hard problem of consciousness while pointing to ways in which psychedelics may advance the study of many specific aspects of consciousness.
Homotopy Exact Sequence for the Pro-Étale Fundamental Group
Authors: Lara Marcin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pro-étale fundamental group of a scheme, introduced by Bhatt and Scholze, generalizes the usual étale fundamental group $\pi _1^{\acute{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{t}}}$ defined in SGA1 and leads to an interesting class of “geometric coverings” of schemes, generalizing finite étale covers. We prove exactness of the general homotopy sequence for the pro-étale fundamental group, i.e., that for a geometric point $\bar{s}$ on $S$ and a flat proper morphism $X \rightarrow S$ of finite presentation whose geometric fibres are connected and reduced, the sequence $ \pi _1^{{\mathrm{pro}}\acute{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{t}}}(X_{\bar{s}}) \rightarrow \pi _1^{{\mathrm{pro}}\acute{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{t}}}(X) \rightarrow \pi _1^{{\mathrm{pro}}\acute{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{t}}}(S) \rightarrow 1 $ is “nearly exact.” This generalizes a theorem of Grothendieck from finite étale covers to geometric coverings. We achieve the proof by constructing an infinite (i.e., non-quasi-compact) analogue of the Stein factorization in this setting.
Implementing a new antibiotic allergy protocol in clinical practice: well-trusted but not used
Authors: Hanssen P , Nieuwhof C , van Mens S , van de Plas A , Horstman K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Suboptimal antibiotic prescriptions in patients with an antibiotic allergy label lead to increased incidence of adverse events and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). An antibiotic allergy protocol was developed in a Dutch academic hospital guiding optimal and safe antibiotic use in potentially penicillin-allergic patients. Informed by previous studies of implementation processes in clinical care, we studied the implementation of this protocol.

Methods
Medical professionals in the Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine, and Pulmonary Care were interviewed. Additionally, focus groups were conducted in Internal Medicine and Pulmonary Care to validate the outcomes of the interviews.

Results
Dissemination of the protocol via the regular online hospital-wide guidance system did not have a significant impact on the knowledge about or use of the protocol. If healthcare professionals found the protocol, they thought it was valuable and expressed trust in the expertise embodied in it. However, its use in practice was rather minimal. Interviewees doubted the accuracy of the patient’s histories about their previous adverse drug reactions, and/or the information in their medical records and concluded that adherence to the expert guideline was needlessly risky. They felt the acute allergic reaction risk for a patient outweighed the risk of suboptimal therapy or future AMR.

Conclusions
For successful implementation and dissemination of the protocol, the accessibility of the protocol, the information about the actual risks of following the protocol and the registration of allergic history should be improved. However, whether this actually results in improvement also depends on changes in the hospital culture and organization.
Addressing the Situation of Women Deprived of Liberty: Recent Practice of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
Authors: Toomey Leigh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
The arbitrary deprivation of liberty of women is a global problem. Women continue to be deprived of their liberty on discriminatory grounds in proceedings that do not meet basic standards of due process, both in the criminal justice and administrative detention contexts. Despite the development of standards to address this phenomenon and greater recognition by international human rights mechanisms of the challenges faced by female detainees, governments and private actors repeatedly exercise control over women by depriving them of their liberty, often for prolonged periods. This not only violates the right to liberty, but may in some circumstances prevent women from enjoying other fundamental human rights to equality, dignity, fair trial, privacy and family life, health, housing, education, work, as well as freedom from torture and ill-treatment, freedom of movement, religion or belief, expression, peaceful assembly and association. In this practice note, I consider five recent cases encountered by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention involving women deprived of their liberty in different detention settings and countries. I argue that the increasing focus on gendered detention practices by the Working Group, which has a worldwide mandate from the Human Rights Council to investigate cases of arbitrary deprivation of liberty, may offer opportunities for change.
Cryo-EM performance testing of hardware and data acquisition strategies
Authors: Danev Radostin , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Kikkawa Masahide 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increasing popularity and adoption rate of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is evidenced by a growing number of new microscope installations around the world. The quality and reliability of the instruments improved dramatically in recent years, but site-specific issues or unnoticed problems during installation could undermine productivity. Newcomers to the field may also have limited experience and/or low confidence in the capabilities of the equipment or their own skills. Therefore, it is recommended to perform an initial test of the complete cryo-EM workflow with an ‘easy’ test sample, such as apoferritin, before starting work with real and challenging samples. Analogous test experiments are also recommended for the quantification of new data acquisition approaches or imaging hardware. Here, we present the results from our initial tests of a recently installed Krios G4 electron microscope equipped with two latest generation direct electron detector cameras—Gatan K3 and Falcon 4. Three beam-image shift–based data acquisition strategies were also tested. We detail the methodology and discuss the critical parameters and steps for performance testing. The two cameras performed equally, and the single- and multi-shot per-hole acquisition schemes produced comparable results. We also evaluated the effects of environmental factors and optical flaws on data quality. Our results reaffirmed the exceptional performance of the software aberration correction in Relion in dealing with severe coma aberration. We hope that this work will help cryo-EM teams in their testing and troubleshooting of hardware and data collection approaches.
Hypoxia-Related Radiomics and Immunotherapy Response: A Multicohort Study of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tunali Ilke , Tan Yan , Gray Jhanelle E , Katsoulakis Evangelia , Eschrich Steven A , Saller James , Aerts Hugo J W L , Boyle Theresa , Qi Jin , Guvenis Albert , Gillies Robert J , Schabath Matthew B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapy yields survival benefit for some advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Because highly predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response are an unmet clinical need, we used pretreatment radiomics and clinical data to train and validate a parsimonious model associated with survival outcomes among NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Methods
Three cohorts of NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy were analyzed: training (n = 180), validation 1 (n = 90), and validation 2 (n = 62). The most informative clinical and radiomic features were subjected to decision tree analysis, which stratified patients into risk groups of low, moderate, high, and very high risk of death after initiation of immunotherapy. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
The very high-risk group was associated with extremely poor overall survival (OS) in validation cohorts 1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14 to 13.36; 1-year OS = 11.1%, 95% CI = 1.9% to 29.8%; 3-year OS = 0%) and 2 (HR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.58 to 73.93; 1-year OS = 47.6%, 95% CI = 18.2% to 72.4%; 3-year OS = 0%) when compared with the low-risk group (HR = 1.00) in validation cohorts 1 (1-year OS = 85.0%, 95% CI = 60.4% to 94.9%; 3-year OS = 38.9%, 95% CI = 17.1% to 60.3%) and 2 (1-year OS = 80.2%, 95% CI = 40.3% to 94.8%; 3-year OS = 40.1%, 95% CI = 1.3% to 83.5%). The most informative radiomic feature, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) inverse difference, was positively associated with hypoxia-related carbonic anhydrase 9 using gene-expression profiling and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion
Utilizing standard-of-care imaging and clinical data, we identified and validated a novel parsimonious model associated with survival outcomes among NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Based on this model, clinicians can identify patients who are unlikely to respond to immunotherapy.
Successful management of cervical ectopic pregnancy with embryo reduction: report of three cases
Authors: Ortiz Ginna , Kameyama Nicolas , Sulaiman Jean Paul , Lopez-Bayghen Esther 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
If methotrexate (MTX) fails to resolve cervical ectopic pregnancies (CEP), the remaining surgical options result in the potential loss of the patient’s fertility. Therefore, we examined if the embryo reduction technique can resolve the CEP without any complications while conserving the patient’s fertility. We report three cases in which CEP didn’t respond to MTX but was successfully solved by embryo reduction. Each patient underwent a standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol. Once CEP was confirmed, the pregnancy’s location, the fetus’s size and gestational sac and heartbeat were determined. Afterward, embryo reduction was performed under general anesthesia (operative time: ~30 min). All patients had successful procedures without any postoperative complications. Since the procedure, one woman was pregnant and delivered, the second has registered a positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin test and the last is waiting for IVF preparation. In summary, embryo reduction is a feasible approach in the management of CEP with favorable fertility outcomes.