bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trade‐off between investment in weapons and fertility is mediated through spermatogenesis in the leaf‐footed cactus bug Narnia femorata
Authors: Cavender Katelyn R. , Ricker Tessa A. , Lyon Mackenzie O. , Shelby Emily A. , Miller Christine W. , Moore Patricia J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMales have the ability to compete for fertilizations through both precopulatory and postcopulatory intrasexual competition. Precopulatory competition has selected for large weapons and other adaptations to maximize access to females and mating opportunities, while postcopulatory competition has resulted in ejaculate adaptations to maximize fertilization success. Negative associations between these strategies support the hypothesis that there is a trade‐off between success at pre‐ and postcopulatory mating success. Recently, this trade‐off has been demonstrated with experimental manipulation. Males of the leaf‐footed cactus bug Narnia femorata use hind limbs as the primary weapon in male–male competition. However, males can drop a hind limb to avoid entrapment. When this autotomy occurs during development, they invest instead in large testes. While evolutionary outcomes of the trade‐offs between pre‐ and postcopulatory strategies have been identified, less work has been done to identify proximate mechanisms by which the trade‐off might occur, perhaps because the systems in which the trade‐offs have been investigated are not ones that have the molecular tools required for exploring mechanism. Here, we applied knowledge from a related model species for which we have developmental knowledge and molecular tools, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus, to investigate the proximate mechanism by which autotomized N. femorata males developed larger testes. Autotomized males had evidence of a higher rate of transit amplification divisions in the spermatogonia, which would result more spermatocytes and thus in greater sperm numbers. Identification of mechanisms underlying a trade‐off can help our understanding of the direction and constraints on evolutionary trajectories and thus the evolutionary potential under multiple forms of selection.
Different life stage, different risks: Thermal performance across the life cycle ofSalmo truttaandSalmo salarin the face of climate change
Authors: Kärcher Oskar , Flörke Martina , Markovic Danijela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtending assessments of climate change‐induced range shifts via correlative species distribution models by including species traits is crucial for conservation planning. However, comprehensive assessments of future distribution scenarios incorporating responses of biotic factors are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to extend the understanding about the combined usage of species traits data and species distribution models for different life stages and distribution scenarios. We combine global model predictions for the 2050s and thermal performances ofSalmo truttaandSalmo salarunder consideration of different life stages (adults, juveniles, eggs), timeframes (monthly, seasonally, yearly), and dispersal scenarios (no dispersal, free dispersal, restricted dispersal). We demonstrate that thermal performances of different life stages will either increase or decrease for certain time periods. Model predictions and thermal performances imply range declines and poleward shifts. Dispersal to suitable habitats will be an important factor mitigating warming effects; however, dams may block paths to areas linked to high performances. Our results emphasize enhanced inclusion of critical periods for species and proper dispersal solutions in conservation planning.
Sacubitril‐valsartan initiation in chronic heart failure patients impacts sleep apnea: the ENTRESTO‐SAS study
Authors: Jaffuel Dany , Nogue Erika , Berdague Philippe , Galinier Michel , Fournier Pauline , Dupuis Marion , Georger Frédéric , Cadars Marie‐Pierre , Ricci Jean‐Etienne , Plouvier Nathalie , Picard François , Puel Vincent , Mallet Jean‐Pierre , Suehs Carey M. , Molinari Nicolas , Bourdin Arnaud , Roubille François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsOptimizing medical cardiac treatment for sleep apnoea (SA) in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is an expert Grade C recommendation based on six studies encompassing a total of 67 patients only. Whether sacubitril–valsartan (SV), a cornerstone of HFrEF medical treatment, impacts SA is unknown and requires evaluation.Methods and resultsThe ENTRESTO‐SAS trial is a six‐centre, prospective, open‐label real‐life cohort study (NCT02916160). Ambulatory patients eligible for SV (i.e. HFrEF adults who remain symptomatic despite optimal treatment) were evaluated before and after 3 months of SV (including nocturnal ventilatory polygraphy); 118 patients were final analysed [median age was 66 (IQ25–75: 56–73) years, 81.4% male, 36.5% New York Heart Association III–IV, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level of 1564 (701–3376) ng/L, left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 (25–34)%, 60.7% ischaemic HFrEF, 97.5% initially treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, 83.9% with beta‐blockers, 64.4% with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and 74.6% with diuretics]. Three groups were defined according to initial central/obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea indices (AHIs): G1 (n = 49, AHIcentral ≥ 5/h and AHIobstructive < 15/h); G2 (n = 27, AHIobstructive ≥ 15/h); and G3 (n = 42, AHIcentral < 5/h and AHIobstructive < 15/h). At 3 months, the AHI (main predefined outcome) decreased significantly by −7.10/h (IQ25–75: −16.10 to 0.40; P < 0.001) in G1 + G2 without positive airway pressure treatment (45 patients, median initial AHI of 24.20 (IQ25–75: 16.40–43.50)/h). Of these, 24.4% presented an AHI decrease ≥50% and 37.78% had a final AHI < 15/h (tendency for improvement from an initial value of 20%: P = 0.0574). For G1 patients (n = 37), AHI significantly decreased from a median of 22.90 (16.00–43.50)/h to 19.20 (12.70–31.10)/h (P = 0.002). For G2 patients (n = 8), AHI decreased from a median of 30.10 (26.40–47.60)/h to 22.75 (14.60–36.90)/h (statistically non‐significant, P = 0.059).ConclusionsIn this real‐life population, SV treatment for 3 months in SA patients is associated with a significant decrease in AHI. These results support the current guidelines that recommend first an optimization of the HFrEF treatment in patients with HFrEF and central SA. A potential positive airway pressure sparing effect merits further investigation.
Pequi Oil, a MUFA/Carotenoid‐Rich Oil, Exhibited Protective Effects against DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice
Authors: Moreno Lauane G. , Evangelista‐Silva Paulo H. , Santos Edivânia C. , Prates Rodrigo P. , Lima Artenizia C. , Mendes Mateus F. , Ottone Vinícius O. , Ottoni Marcelo H. F. , Pereira Wagner F. , Melo Gustavo E. B. A. , Esteves Elizabethe A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect the gastrointestinal tract, and the imbalance of intestinal immune homeostasis can trigger them. Pequi oil (PO), a monounsaturated (MUFA) and carotenoid‐rich food with nutraceutical potential, could help reshape the intestinal immune response, ameliorating IBD outcomes. This study investigates the effects of a 28 days intake of PO on elements of the intestinal immune response of mice with DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis (disease activity index, colonic damage, inflammatory cells and markers). PO reduces body weight, colonic crypt and goblet cell losses and ameliorates diarrhea. In the colon, it increases γδT cells and secretory‐IgA and decreases CD8+T cells. In lymphoid organs, it reduces CD8+T cells. Moreover, it also reduces the IL‐17 and CRP in plasma. PO oil promotes a less cytotoxic response that may protect mice from immunological injuries caused by an IBD in the intestinal mucosa, improving the disease prognosis.Practical applications: This study demonstrates that the intake of pequi oil contributes to the regulation of immune response and improves clinical and histological signs of DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Its effects in cytotoxic cell reduction and other inflammatory markers and stimulation of regulatory cells, and preservation of mucus‐producing cells, provide news insights about the importance of the regular intake of this food to better prognosis of ulcerative colitis acute episodes. In addition, these findings encourage further studies with foods with a protective potential for the intestinal mucosa.
Effect of Steric Structure on the Mechanism of Antioxidant Activity of Alkyl Gallates in Soybean Oil Triacylglycerols—A Kinetic Approach
Authors: Delfanian Mojtaba , Sahari Mohammad Ali , Barzegar Mohsen , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFrom an interfacial phenomena standpoint, the effect of the alkyl chain length is evaluated on the mechanism of antioxidant activity of gallic acid ester derivatives (methyl, propyl, octyl, dodecyl, and stearyl gallates) in bulk phase oil. A combinational kinetic model is used to estimate the oxidation kinetic parameters, such as induction period, the maximum concentration of lipid hydroperoxides, and critical reverse micelle concentration. These kinetic parameters are estimated much better with the combinational model compared to the tangent method. The nonlinear behavior is observed for inhibitory activities of homologous series of antioxidants in soybean triacylglycerols. In terms of different kinetics parameters, including antioxidant effectiveness and activity, methyl gallate has the highest inhibitory effect during lipid peroxidation. Gallic acid and alkyl gallates are able to protect bulk oils against peroxidation (induction period > 336 h) in terms of the extent of their participation in the main reaction of chain termination and pro‐oxidative side reactions of chain initiation, and anti‐oxidative side reactions of chain propagation.Practical Applications: This work explains the effect of the esterification in the inhibitory activity of alkyl gallates, mechanism action of alkyl gallates in bulk oil systems, antiradical potency as a function of the interfacial phenomena, and free radical chain mechanism, the impact of antioxidant activity on critical reverse micelle concentration of hydroperoxides. Moreover, in this study, it is confirmed that the combinational kinetic model can be employed as a reliable method for determining the oxidation kinetic parameters.
3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging reveals links between brain metabolites and multidimensional pain features in fibromyalgia
Authors: Lee Jeungchan , Andronesi Ovidiu C. , Torrado‐Carvajal Angel , Ratai Eva‐Maria , Loggia Marco L. , Weerasekera Akila , Berry Michael P. , Ellingsen Dan‐Mikael , Isaro Laura , Lazaridou Asimina , Paschali Myrella , Grahl Arvina , Wasan Ajay D. , Edwards Robert R. , Napadow Vitaly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a centralized multidimensional chronic pain syndrome, but its pathophysiology is not fully understood.MethodsWe applied 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), covering multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions, to investigate the association between neuro‐metabolite (e.g. combined glutamate and glutamine, Glx; myo‐inositol, mIno; and combined (total) N‐acetylaspartate and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate, tNAA) levels and multidimensional clinical/behavioural variables (e.g. pain catastrophizing, clinical pain severity and evoked pain sensitivity) in women with fibromyalgia (N = 87).ResultsPain catastrophizing scores were positively correlated with Glx and tNAA levels in insular cortex, and negatively correlated with mIno levels in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Clinical pain severity was positively correlated with Glx levels in insula and PCC, and with tNAA levels in anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), but negatively correlated with mIno levels in aMCC and thalamus. Evoked pain sensitivity was negatively correlated with levels of tNAA in insular cortex, MCC, PCC and thalamus.ConclusionsThese findings support single voxel placement targeting nociceptive processing areas in prior 1H‐MRS studies, but also highlight other areas not as commonly targeted, such as PCC, as important for chronic pain pathophysiology. Identifying target brain regions linked to multidimensional symptoms of fibromyalgia (e.g. negative cognitive/affective response to pain, clinical pain, evoked pain sensitivity) may aid the development of neuromodulatory and individualized therapies. Furthermore, efficient multi‐region sampling with 3D MRSI could reduce the burden of lengthy scan time for clinical research applications of molecular brain‐based mechanisms supporting multidimensional aspects of fibromyalgia.SignificanceThis large N study linked brain metabolites and pain features in fibromyalgia patients, with a better spatial resolution and brain coverage, to understand a molecular mechanism underlying pain catastrophizing and other aspects of pain transmission. Metabolite levels in self‐referential cognitive processing area as well as pain‐processing regions were associated with pain outcomes. These results could help the understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment strategies for clinicians.
Interrogation of the perturbed gut microbiota in gouty arthritis patients through in silico metabolic modeling
Authors: Henson Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown perturbed gut microbiota associated with gouty arthritis, a metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance between uric acid production and excretion. To mechanistically investigate altered microbiota metabolism associated with gout disease, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data from stool samples of gout patients and healthy controls were computationally analyzed through bacterial community metabolic models. Patient‐specific community models constructed with the metagenomics modeling pipeline, mgPipe, were used to perform k‐means clustering of samples according to their metabolic capabilities. The clustering analysis generated statistically significant partitioning of samples into a Bacteroides‐dominated, high gout cluster and a Faecalibacterium‐elevated, low gout cluster. The high gout cluster was predicted to allow elevated synthesis of the amino acids D‐alanine and L‐alanine and byproducts of branched‐chain amino acid catabolism, while the low gout cluster allowed higher production of butyrate, the sulfur‐containing amino acids L‐cysteine and L‐methionine, and the L‐cysteine catabolic product H2S. By expanding the capabilities of mgPipe to provide taxa‐level resolution of metabolite exchange rates, acetate, D‐lactate and succinate exchanged from Bacteroides to Faecalibacterium were predicted to enhance butyrate production in the low gout cluster. Model predictions suggested that sulfur‐containing amino acid metabolism generally and H2S more specifically could be novel gout disease markers.
Chronic Reproductive Toxicity Thresholds for Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and a Mixture of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and PFHxA
Authors: Dennis Nicole M. , Hossain Farzana , Subbiah Seenivasan , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Dennis Michael L. , McCarthy Chris , Heron Christopher G. , Jackson W. Andrew , Crago Jordan P. , Field Jennifer A. , Salice Christopher J. , Anderson Todd A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Terrestrial toxicology data are limited for comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment of ecosystems contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) partly because of their existence as mixtures in the environment. This complicates logistical dose–response modeling and establishment of a threshold value characterizing the chronic toxicity of PFAS to ecological receptors. We examined reproduction, growth, and survival endpoints using a combination of hypothesis testing and logistical dose–response modeling of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) exposed to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) alone and to PFHxA in a binary mixture with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) via the drinking water. The exposure concentration chronic toxicity value (CTV) representative of the lowest-observable–adverse effect level (LOAEL) threshold for chronic oral PFAS toxicity (based on reduced offspring weight and growth rate) was 0.10 ng/mL for PFHxA and 0.06 ng/mL for a PFOS:PFHxA (2.7:1) mixture. These estimates corresponded to an adult LOAEL average daily intake CTV of 0.0149 and 0.0082 µg × kg body weight–1 × d–1, respectively. Neither no-observable–adverse effect level threshold and representative CTVs nor dose–response and predicted effective concentration values could be established for these 2 response variables. The findings indicate that a reaction(s) occurs among the individual PFAS components present in the mixture to alter the potential toxicity, demonstrating that mixture affects avian PFAS toxicity. Thus, chronic oral PFAS toxicity to avian receptors represented as the sum of the individual compound toxicities may not necessarily be the best method for assessing chronic mixture exposure risk at PFAS-contaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2601–2614. © 2021 SETAC
Collaborative Transmitters Management for Multi‐user Indoor VLC Systems
Authors: Younus Safwan Hafeedh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main encounters face visible light communication (VLC) systems to provide high data rates for multiuser scenario are intersymbol interference (ISI) and cochannel interference (CCI). This work proposes delay adaptation technique (DAT) in conjunction with power adaptation technique (PAT) to improve the performance of the multiuser indoor VLC systems. The DAT is used to reduce the ISI while the PAT is utilized to reduce the CCI. To apply the DAT and PAT, each access point (AP) requires to share its information with the controller, which is responsible to manage the connection between user equipment (UEs) and APs. Therefore, each AP is given a control signal (an unmodulated unique tone signal). These control signals are utilized to set‐up the connection between APs and UEs (allocate each UE its best APs, which are APs that offer good connection links). Our proposed system performance is evaluated in a realistic room while considering the effect of diffuse reflections and CCI and using on‐off‐keying modulation. The results reveal that a remarkable improvement in the VLC system's performance with using DAT and PAD compared with the VLC system without using DAT and PAT.
The role of polyamines in regulating amino acid biosynthesis in rice grains
Authors: Xu Yunji , Jian Chaoqun , Li Ke , Tian Yinfang , Zhu Kuanyu , Zhang Weiyang , Wang Weilu , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyamines (PAs) are important endogenous plant growth regulators mediating the grain yield and quality in rice. This study was to clarify whether and how PAs regulate amino acid composition and content in milled rice. We grew three categories of rice cultivars differing in protein contents in the field and investigated the relationship of free‐PAs concentrations in filling grains with the activities of key enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and with the amino acid contents of milled rice. Cultivars with higher concentrations of free‐Spermidine (Spd) and free‐Spermine (Spm) exhibited higher amino acid contents than the others. The concentrations of free‐Spd and free‐Spm were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of essential amino acids (EAAs), non‐essential amino acids (NEAAs), and total amino acids (TAAs) in milled rice, whereas the concentration of free‐Putrescine (Put) had no effect on these parameters. The concentrations of free‐Spd and free‐Spm were linearly associated with the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT), aspartate transaminase (AST), aspartate kinase (AK), and alanine transaminase (ALT), but only GOGAT, AST, and ALT were significantly and positively correlated with amino acid content. The application of exogenous Spd or Spm to panicles increased the activities of these key enzymes and amino acid contents, whereas the application of MGBG (an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis) had the opposite effect. Applying Put had no significant effect on these traits. These results suggest that free‐Spd and free‐Spm enhance amino acid biosynthesis during grain filling in rice, primarily by improving the activities of GOGAT, AST, and ALT.
The impact of algorithmic trading on liquidity in futures markets: New insights into the resiliency of spreads and depth
Authors: Frino Alex , Gerace Dionigi , Behnia Masud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of algorithmic trading on the resiliency of bid‐ask spreads and market depth. We use a natural experiment provided by the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) for futures markets in 2012—the introduction of collocated facilities for FCM's. Previous research demonstrates that the change on the ASX in 2012 increased algorithmic trading and improved liquidity. We extend this study by documenting that the sensitivity of bid‐ask spreads and market depth to price volatility and trading activity declines after the introduction of co‐location. We also find that the speed of recovery of liquidity to large trades is more rapid after the introduction of colocated facilities. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that algorithmic trading reduces the time that limit orders are alive and the adjustment of quotes to new information and market volatility which in turn increases the resilience of liquidity.
World ocean annual mean absolute geostrophic velocity on marine geoid of EIGEN‐6C4 from WOA13
Authors: Chu Peter C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis data set was established from two open sources: (a) geoid undulation (N) from EIGEN‐6C4, which is a static global combined gravity field model up to degree and order 2,190, and (b) ‘World ocean geostrophic velocity inverted from World Ocean Atlas 2013 with the P‐vector method’ (NCEI accession 0,121,576). With the given non‐positive values of N in the oceans, absolute geostrophic currents (u, v) are easily obtained on N with 1°×1° resolution from the second data set except the equatorial zone (5oS – 5oN) due to the non‐existence of the geostrophic balance. Altogether, the data set contains 15,868 (u, v) data pairs. The data set shows that the hypothetical situation that there would be no flow on the geoid does not exist.
The many ways astroglial connexins regulate neurotransmission and behavior
Authors: Mazaud David , Capano Anna , Rouach Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAstrocytes have emerged as major players in the brain, contributing to many functions such as energy supply, neurotransmission, and behavior. They accomplish these functions in part via their capacity to form widespread intercellular networks and to release neuroactive factors, which can modulate neurotransmission at different levels, from individual synapses to neuronal networks. The extensive network communication of astrocytes is primarily mediated by gap junction channels composed of two connexins, Cx30 and Cx43, which present distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. Yet, astroglial connexins are also involved in direct exchange with the extracellular space via hemichannels, as well as in adhesion and signaling processes via unconventional nonchannel functions. Accumulating evidence indicate that astrocytes modulate neurotransmission and behavior through these diverse connexin functions. We here review the many ways astroglial connexins regulate neuronal activity from the molecular level to behavior.