bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoepithelial cyst mimicking pancreatic cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Iguchi Takuya , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Sugenoya Shinsuke , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Yasukawa Koya , Hayashi Hikaru , Kobayashi Ryoichiro , Soejima Yuji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) is a rare nonmalignant cyst consisting of a benign collection of keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with lymphoid tissue. Diagnosing LEC preoperatively is considered difficult because of its non-specific clinical features; therefore, LEC is generally treated the same as a malignant tumor.

Case presentation
Our case was a 65-year-old man who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy 3 years previously for carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater. A pancreatic mass in the remnant pancreatic tail was detected through follow-up abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). This revealed two adjacent ring-enhanced masses that had been in tight contact with the left diaphragm and were enlarged. The tumors had high signal intensity in diffusion-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed abnormal uptake (standardized uptake value maximum: 17.4). Therefore, we conducted a partial resection of the remnant pancreas with concomitant resection of the left diaphragm. Microscopically, one of the tumors revealed rare fragments of apparently benign squamous epithelium on a background of keratinous debris, cyst contents, and scattered lymphocytes, and the adjacent mass revealed infiltrated neutrophils. The histopathological diagnosis was an LEC with chronic abscess. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 10.

Conclusions
We reported a rare case of LEC with chronic abscess that was positively visualized on FDG-PET. When a pancreatic malignancy cannot be excluded, surgical resection is considered inevitable.
Factors associated with dietary diversity among adolescents in Woldia, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Endalifer Melese Linger , Andargie Gashaw , Mohammed Bekri , Endalifer Bedilu Linger 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Consuming diversified food during the adolescent period is essential to build a healthy and active mind for their later life. Food prices increased in the local market due to fewer production of crops. Thus, exploring the dietary diversity of adolescents in this area is crucial to estimate diet quality. So the aim of the study was to identify determinant factors of dietary diversity.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent students in Woldia town. A total of four hundred eleven students were included in the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The outcome variable was dietary diversity; it was calculated by summing of the number of food group consumed by individuals in the given reference period. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was done. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to measure an association. A variable with a P-value less than 0.05 is considered a significant factor.

Results
The proportion of inadequate dietary diversity was 49.1% (95% CI 44.5–53.8). Being female (AOR =5.53, 95% CI 3.447–8.859), secondary and above mothers’ education level (AOR=0. 27, 95%CI 0.153–0.477), living in a family size five and above (AOR= 2.09, 95CI% 1.31–3.34), and poor knowledge about nutrition (AOR=4.56, 95% CI 2.727–7.639) were significantly associated with inadequate dietary diversity.

Conclusions and recommendations
Inadequate dietary diversity was associated with sex, knowledge of nutrition, maternal education level, and family size. It is better to design a nutrition intervention program that focus on nutrition education to scale up diversified food consumption among adolescents.
Comparing Two Treatment Approaches for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes During Aerobic Exercise: a Randomised, Crossover Study
Authors: Vartak Varun , Chepulis Lynne , Driller Matthew , Paul Ryan G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design, eight men with type 1 diabetes (T1D; mean ± SD age, 27.6 ± 11.4 years) reduced insulin (INS) by 50% of their normal dose or consumed carbohydrates equivalent to 1 g of carbohydrate per kilogramme of their body weight without the usual insulin bolus (CARBS) over two sessions, held a week apart. Each session included standardised meals, a 45-min treadmill walk at 7.24 km h−1 and a 6-min walk test (6MWT). Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood glucose, ketone and lactate measures were taken before, during and immediately after the aerobic exercise. The distance covered in metres and the predicted VO2 max (mL kg−1 min−1) were also calculated for the 6MWT.

Results
Participants completing the INS intervention spent more time in normoglycaemia (242 ± 135 min vs 88 ± 132 min; P < 0.01) and less time in hyperglycaemia (41 ± 95 min vs 154 ± 125 min; P = 0.01) as compared to the CARBS intervention. Mild hypoglycaemia occurred in two participants during INS and no participants during CARBS. Furthermore, there was no significant difference for blood lactate, ketone, RPE, distance covered and predicted VO2 max between interventions.

Conclusion
Based on this pilot study, INS intervention appears to be the best approach for maintaining blood glucose levels in those with T1D during aerobic exercise, though this does need evaluation in other groups, including women, children and those with suboptimal glycaemic control.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619001397101p. Registered 09 September 2019.
Crime forecasting: a machine learning and computer vision approach to crime prediction and prevention
Authors: Shah Neil , Bhagat Nandish , Shah Manan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA crime is a deliberate act that can cause physical or psychological harm, as well as property damage or loss, and can lead to punishment by a state or other authority according to the severity of the crime. The number and forms of criminal activities are increasing at an alarming rate, forcing agencies to develop efficient methods to take preventive measures. In the current scenario of rapidly increasing crime, traditional crime-solving techniques are unable to deliver results, being slow paced and less efficient. Thus, if we can come up with ways to predict crime, in detail, before it occurs, or come up with a “machine” that can assist police officers, it would lift the burden of police and help in preventing crimes. To achieve this, we suggest including machine learning (ML) and computer vision algorithms and techniques. In this paper, we describe the results of certain cases where such approaches were used, and which motivated us to pursue further research in this field. The main reason for the change in crime detection and prevention lies in the before and after statistical observations of the authorities using such techniques. The sole purpose of this study is to determine how a combination of ML and computer vision can be used by law agencies or authorities to detect, prevent, and solve crimes at a much more accurate and faster rate. In summary, ML and computer vision techniques can bring about an evolution in law agencies.
Pulmonary function before and after surgical correction of scoliosis
Authors: Ahmed Mona Mansour , Abdelhalim Hesham Atef , Elamir Reham Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs one of the restrictive lung diseases, scoliosis can be treated by surgical intervention to enhance the pulmonary function of that group of patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of scoliosis correction on pulmonary function after a 6-month duration. Around 30 patients with scoliosis were aged between 10 and 40 years old subjecting to posterior spinal fusion surgery who had been enrolled in the study; all of them were subjected to Cobb’s angle measuring and pulmonary function test before and 6 months after the operation.ResultsCobb’s angle before the operation was 57.3 ± 13.6°, which significantly corrected and reached up to 21.2 ± 7.2° postoperatively with a mean difference of about 36.13°,P< 0.001. The correlation of Cobb’s angle, forced vital capacity (FVC%), and vital capacity (VC%) was significantly negative. Pulmonary function showed restrictive pattern; forced vital capacity “FVC”, forced expiratory volume 1 “FEV1”, vital capacity “VC”, and forced expiratory flow “FEF 25–75%” were 62.4± 18.06, 65.6±20, 60.7±17.8, and 79.6±28.5, respectively; after 6 months, the reading changed to 60.9± 17.9, 64.04±19.3, 59.16±17.5, and 80.26±28.02 respectively with an insignificant difference,P>0.05.ConclusionThe pulmonary function showed insignificant changes after 6 months of operation, despite significant changes in Cobb’s angle while the preoperative FVC and VC were inversely correlated with it.
Mibefradil alters intracellular calcium concentration by activation of phospholipase C and IP3 receptor function
Authors: Souza Bomfim Guilherme H. , Mitaishvili Erna , Aguiar Talita Ferreira , Lacruz Rodrigo S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMibefradil is a tetralol derivative originally developed as an antagonist of T-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels to treat hypertension when used at nanomolar dosage. More recently, its therapeutic application in hypertension has declined and has been instead repurposed as a treatment of cancer cell proliferation and solid tumor growth. Beyond its function as a Cav blocker, the micromolar concentration of mibefradil can stimulate a rise in [Ca2+]cyt although the mechanism is poorly known. The chanzyme TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastanin 7), the release of intracellular Ca2+ pools, and Ca2+ influx by ORAI channels have been associated with the increase in [Ca2+]cyt triggered by mibefradil. This study aims to investigate the cellular targets and pathways associated with mibefradil’s effect on [Ca2+]cyt. To address these questions, we monitored changes in [Ca2+]cyt in the specialized mouse epithelial cells (LS8 and ALC) and the widely used HEK-293 cells by stimulating these cells with mibefradil (0.1 μM to 100 μM). We show that mibefradil elicits an increase in [Ca2+]cyt at concentrations above 10 μM (IC50 around 50 μM) and a fast Ca2+ increase capacity at 100 μM. We found that inhibiting IP3 receptors, depleting the ER-Ca2+ stores, or blocking phospholipase C (PLC), significantly decreased the capacity of mibefradil to elevate [Ca2+]cyt. Moreover, the transient application of 100 μM mibefradil triggered Ca2+ influx by store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by the ORAI channels. Our findings reveal that IP3R and PLC are potential new targets of mibefradil offering novel insights into the effects of this drug.
Cost-Effectiveness of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ryan Emma S. , Havrilesky Laura J. , Salinaro Julia R. , Davidson Brittany A. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: Two recent clinical trials have demonstrated that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective as venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in patients with moderate-to-high risk ambulatory cancer initiating chemotherapy. Patients with advanced ovarian cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy are at particularly increased risk of VTE. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis from a health system perspective to determine if DOACs are a feasible prophylactic strategy in this population. METHODS: A simple decision tree was created from a health system perspective, comparing two strategies: prophylactic DOAC taken for 18 weeks during chemotherapy versus no VTE prophylaxis. Rates of VTE (7.3% DOAC v 13.6% no treatment), major bleeding (2.6% v 1.3%), and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (4.6% v 3.3%) were modeled. Cost estimates were obtained from wholesale drug costs, published studies, and Medicare reimbursement data. Probabilistic, one-way, and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the base case model, DOAC prophylaxis is more costly and more effective than no therapy (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio = $256,218 in US dollars/quality-adjusted life year). In one-way sensitivity analyses, reducing the DOAC cost by 32% or raising the baseline VTE rate above 18% renders this strategy potentially cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio below $150,000 in US dollars/quality-adjusted life year. CONCLUSION: Further confirmation of the true baseline VTE rate among women initiating neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer will determine whether prophylactic dose DOAC is a value-based strategy. Less costly VTE prophylaxis options such as generic DOACs (once available) and aspirin also warrant investigation.
Home-Based Pediatric Cancer Care: Perspectives and Improvement Suggestions From Children, Family Caregivers, and Clinicians
Authors: Jibb Lindsay A. , Chartrand Julie , Masama Tatenda , Johnston Donna L. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: Although the hospital remains the dominant site for delivering most pediatric cancer care, home-based care is increasingly provided. To effectively deliver comprehensive, relevant, and acceptable care in children's homes, the voices of these key informants must be considered. We examined the views of children with cancer, their family caregivers, and clinicians on home-based cancer care to identify necessary strategies to improve the delivery of care. METHODS: Children with cancer, their family caregivers, and multiprofessional clinicians who provide care at a tertiary pediatric care center or in the community participated in audio-recorded, semistructured interviews in French and English. Interviews were conducted until data saturation in each participant group was achieved. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen children, 20 family caregivers, and 22 clinicians participated. Home-based care was endorsed as a means to improve child health-, family social- and financial-, and system-level outcomes. The success of a home-based model is built on care that addresses child and family informational, treatment and care, material, and psychosocial needs. Mechanisms to improve care include enhanced homecare agency-hospital-family communication, training for homecare nurses in pediatric cancer care, virtual solutions, and an expanded breadth of services provided in-home. Child-, family-, and system-related factors affect the delivery of optimal home-based care. CONCLUSION: Children, families, and clinicians value a model of pediatric cancer care that incorporates home-based services. The insights of these key informants should be reflected in the principles that become the basis of home-based cancer care best practices.
Incidence of Complications in 25 Adult Patients With X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Kato Hajime , Koga Minae , Kinoshita Yuka , Taniguchi Yuki , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Fukumoto Seiji , Nangaku Masaomi , Makita Noriko , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
Adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) present complications other than osteomalacia.

Objective
To describe the incidence and severity of comorbidities in adults with XLH.

Methods
This observational retrospective study included a total of 25 adults with XLH with thorough investigations, including spinal computed tomography scans, x-rays of hip/knee joints and Achilles tendons, abdominal ultrasounds, and audiograms. The index of ossification of the anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament and yellow ligament (OA/OP/OY index) and the sum of OA/OP/OY index (OS index) were utilized to evaluate the severity of spinal ligament ossification. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification was adopted to evaluate the severity of the hip/knee osteophytes.

Results
The participants consisted of 13 male patients and 12 female patients from 21 families, with a median age of 43 (range, 18-72) years. In all, 20 patients (80%) showed spinal ligament ossification. The median OA/OP/OY/OS indices were 2 (0-22), 0 (0-15), 6 (0-13), and 12 (0-41), respectively. Hip/knee osteophytes were reported in 24 (96%) and 17 cases (68%). The median KL grade was 3 in the hip joint and 2 in the knee joint, and 18 cases (72%) developed enthesopathy in the Achilles tendon. Nephrocalcinosis and hearing impairment were observed in 18 (72%) and 8 (32%) cases.

Conclusion
This study revealed a high prevalence and severity of ectopic ossification and disclosed the incidence of nephrocalcinosis and hearing impairment in adults with XLH. In cases with severe spinal ligament ossification or noticeable osteophytes around the hip/knee joints, undiagnosed XLH should be considered as a possible underlying condition.
A NovelSLC5A5Variant Reveals the Crucial Role of Kinesin Light Chain 2 in Thyroid Hormonogenesis
Authors: Martín Mariano , Modenutti Carlos Pablo , Gil Rosas Mauco Lucas , Peyret Victoria , Geysels Romina Celeste , Bernal Barquero Carlos Eduardo , Sobrero Gabriela , Muñoz Liliana , Signorino Malvina , Testa Graciela , Miras Mirta Beatriz , Masini-Repiso Ana María , Calcaterra Nora Beatriz , Coux Gabriela , Carrasco Nancy , Martí Marcelo Adrián , Nicola Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContextIodide transport defect (ITD) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man No. 274400) is an uncommon cause of dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism due to loss-of-function variants in the SLC5A5 gene, which encodes the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), causing deficient iodide accumulation in thyroid follicular cells.ObjectiveThis work aims to determine the molecular basis of a patient’s ITD clinical phenotype.MethodsThe propositus was diagnosed with dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism with minimal 99mTc-pertechnetate accumulation in a eutopic thyroid gland. The propositus SLC5A5 gene was sequenced. Functional in vitro characterization of the novel NIS variant was performed.ResultsSanger sequencing revealed a novel homozygous missense p.G561E NIS variant. Mechanistically, the G561E substitution reduces iodide uptake, because targeting of G561E NIS to the plasma membrane is reduced. Biochemical analyses revealed that G561E impairs the recognition of an adjacent tryptophan-acidic motif by the kinesin-1 subunit kinesin light chain 2 (KLC2), interfering with NIS maturation beyond the endoplasmic reticulum, and reducing iodide accumulation. Structural bioinformatic analysis suggests that G561E shifts the equilibrium of the unstructured tryptophan-acidic motif toward a more structured conformation unrecognizable to KLC2. Consistently, knockdown of Klc2 causes defective NIS maturation and consequently decreases iodide accumulation in rat thyroid cells. Morpholino knockdown of klc2 reduces thyroid hormone synthesis in zebrafish larvae leading to a hypothyroid state as revealed by expression profiling of key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.ConclusionWe report a novel NIS pathogenic variant associated with dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism. Detailed molecular characterization of G561E NIS uncovered the significance of KLC2 in thyroid physiology.
Anesthetic Management of Von Willebrand Disease in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Case Series
Authors: Reale Sharon C. , Farber Michaela K. , Lumbreras-Marquez Mario I. , Connors Jean M. , Carabuena Jean M. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Although Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common heritable bleeding disorder, there are limited reports regarding the safety of neuraxial anesthesia in the obstetric population and no definitive guidelines specifying recommended pretreatment or therapies for patients with vWD. The aim of this study is to describe the anesthetic management of pregnant patients with vWD at a large tertiary-care center.

METHODS:
In this retrospective analysis, the study population was identified from vWD patients evaluated by our high-risk obstetric anesthesia consultation service and by diagnosis codes from our institutional research database registry. We manually reviewed records of patients with vWD in pregnancy who delivered at our institution between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2019 for demographic characteristics, circumstances of vWD diagnosis, history of bleeding, laboratory studies, and overall management of vWD. Anesthetic management of vWD was at the discretion of individual providers, based on multidisciplinary consensus and the specific circumstances of each patient’s disease and obstetric presentation.

RESULTS:
We identified 106 deliveries among 71 individual vWD patients. Of the unique patients, 54 had vWD type 1, 6 had vWD type 2, and 11 had vWD type unknown. Forty-three cases (40.6%) were cesarean deliveries. Neuraxial techniques were used in 94 of 106 deliveries (88.7%). Treatment with desmopressin or Von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate before neuraxial anesthesia occurred in 27 of 94 neuraxial anesthetics (28.7%). Eleven deliveries (10.4%) were complicated by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as estimated blood loss of ≥1000 mL. There were no noted adverse anesthetic outcomes (0 of 106; 0% [95% confidence interval, 0-3.4]), including neuraxial hematoma or thromboembolic events.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large case series, the majority of vWD patients received neuraxial anesthesia for labor and delivery, with no noted adverse events. This suggests that neuraxial anesthesia can be safely performed with the peripartum management that we describe. Pretreatment was dictated by the type and severity of vWD. Multidisciplinary planning is important to optimize the coagulation status of patients with vWD and facilitate options for analgesia and anesthesia.
“They Will Live without Law or Religion”: Cádiz, Indigenous People, and Political Change in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1812–1820
Authors: Escanilla Huerta Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article argues that the impact of the Constitution of Cádiz among Indigenous communities in the Viceroyalty of Peru was significant. In the context of the imperial crisis of the Spanish crown, Indigenous people took the tools that the constitution granted them to increase their level of self-government. Moreover, the changes implemented by the constitution persisted after its abolition, allowing Indigenous people to retain a level of self-government otherwise impossible to conceive after Ferdinand VII restored absolutist rule. In other words, Indigenous communities held on to their jurisdictional authority and refused to surrender the political tools that the constitution had granted them. Their actions demonstrate that the constitution was a watershed moment in the history of the viceroyalty because it inaugurated an era of political change with consequences nobody could predict at the time.
The Unfungible Flow of Liquid Blackness
Authors: Judy R. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay explores the question of black liquidity in relation to Zygmunt Bauman's conception of liquid modernity. Along these lines, it charts the historical process by which capitalist modernity cast the Negro as a commodity and how that led to so-called Negro liquidity as the principal collateral in an extensive banking-finance-credit system with international scope. In that system, Negro liquidity was so thorough a monetization that its relation to Negro work was somewhat tangential—in the sense that simple ownership of a Negro indicated creditworthiness, irrespective of what work that Negro did. What's more, from 1850 to 1860, the accumulated wealth generated by that credit finance system, measured in Negro liquidity, was the largest in the nation. Drawing an analogy between that system of credit financing based on Negro liquidity and the current system of art credit financing, in which the artist's blackness is monetized, the essay foregrounds the appositive relation between this capitalist genealogy of liquidity and a concomitant genealogy of black poiēsis entailing a concept of liquidity not completely determined or circumscribed by that genealogy. Construing this poiēsis as polygenous and para-semiotic, the essay argues that it is a performative black critique of capitalism's commodification of life.