bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Support for Smoke-Free and E-Cigarette Free Multiunit Housing
Authors: Patel Minal , Donovan Emily M. , Liu Michael , Solomon-Maynard Morgan , Schillo Barbara S. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Estimate public support for prohibiting multiunit housing (MUH) e-cigarette and cigarette use. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Data from an online panel survey. Sample: A Fall 2018 nationally representative sample of 3,415 (99.3% response rate) United States (US) adults 18-64 years old. Measures: Policy support for prohibiting MUH smoking and e-cigarette use, sociodemographics, and tobacco perceptions and behaviors. Analysis: Weighted multivariate logistic regression examined predictors of support for prohibiting 1) cigarette use and 2) e-cigarette use in MUH. Results: Most respondents expressed support for prohibiting smoking (76.9%) and e-cigarette use (74.0%) in MUH. About 17% (n = 588) of the sample lived in MUH, and living in MUH was not predictive of support for either policy. For both cigarette and e-cigarette policies, current smokers (n = 630; OR = 0.44, p < 0.001; OR = 0.59, p < 0.01) and current e-cigarette users (n = 305; OR = 0.42, p < 0.001; OR = 0.22, p < 0.001) had lower odds of support. Notably, while most smokers supported prohibiting cigarette (51.4%) and e-cigarette use in MUH (51.1%), there was less support among current e-cigarette users for prohibiting cigarette (48.1%) and e-cigarette use in MUH (34.5%). Conclusion: Majority support for prohibiting smoking and e-cigarette use in MUH is promising for policy adoption; however, lower support of both policies among e-cigarette users needs to be examined, as increasing use of e-cigarettes may be shifting social norms away from support for smoke free housing policies.
The Effects of Individualized Music Listening on Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sundowning Symptoms of Dementia in Long-Term Care Residents
Authors: Lineweaver Tara T. , Bergeson Tonya R. , Ladd Kendall , Johnson Heather , Braid Donald , Ott Monica , Hay Donald P. , Plewes John , Hinds Mary , LaPradd Michelle L. , Bolander Hannah , Vitelli Sarah , Lain Mikala , Brimmer Tim 
Published: August 2021

Objectives This study aimed to replicate music’s positive effects on dementia-related symptoms, determine whether a 6-month intervention would lead to greater positive outcomes than typical 3- to 4-month interventions, and examine changes in sundowning symptoms after music listening. Methods 282 nursing home residents with dementia listened to personalized music playlists 1–3 times weekly for 30 minutes across 6 months. Standardized assessments of affect, behavior, and cognition and direct observations of sundowning symptoms comprised the outcomes. Results Results documented significant improvements in residents’ general neuropsychiatric symptoms, agitation, and depression across the first 3 months, but no additional improvements across the subsequent 3 months. Seven sundowning symptoms significantly improved following music listening, with some (e.g., disengagement) being more amenable to music than others (e.g., aggression). Discussion Results support short-term individualized music listening as an effective non-pharmacological approach for improving dementia-related symptoms in nursing home residents and suggest new applications of music-related interventions.
Spontaneous regression of a symptomatic developmental venous anomaly with capillary stain
Authors: Hirata Takeru , Miyawaki Satoru , Koizumi Satoshi , Teranishi Yu , Ishikawa Osamu , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: August 2021

Background Developmental venous anomalies are considered benign lesions; however, they can become symptomatic. A capillary stain, which is an atypical angiographical feature of developmental venous anomalies, is reported to be relevant to symptomatic developmental venous anomalies. Case description A 20-year-old man with no pertinent medical history had an epileptic seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging showed severe focal oedema and gadolinium contrast enhancement in the right precentral gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus adjacent to the Sylvian fissure, indicating venous congestion; these presentations had not been observed on magnetic resonance imaging 8 months before. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a developmental venous anomaly with capillary stain. After conservative treatment, the brain oedema resolved spontaneously and contrast enhancement of the lesion reduced significantly. Conclusion We report a rare case of a symptomatic developmental venous anomaly with unique radiological characteristics and its natural and clinical evolution. Despite the presence of a capillary stain, our patient exhibited temporary exacerbations and spontaneous regression, suggesting that the capillary stain was associated with a reversible condition. This is the first report to detail the spatiotemporal changes of a developmental venous anomaly with capillary stain through imaging, suggesting that regular follow-up imaging is warranted in the management of patients with developmental venous anomalies.
Five MDM4 gene polymorphisms on cancer risk: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , Yang Zhan , Chang Xueliang , Li Jingdong , Han Zhenwei 
Published: August 2021

Purpose The study aims to provide a comprehensive account of the association of five MDM4 gene polymorphisms (rs1380576, rs1563828, rs10900598, rs11801299, and rs4245739) with susceptibility to cancer. Methods A literature search for eligible candidate gene studies published before 27 February 2021 was conducted in PubMed, Medline and Web of Science. The following combinations of main keywords were used: (MDM4 OR MDMX OR HDMX OR mouse double minute 4 homolog) AND (polymorphism OR mutation OR variation OR SNP OR genotype) AND (cancer OR tumor OR neoplasm OR malignancy OR carcinoma OR adenocarcinoma). Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Results Overall, a total of 15 articles with 21,365 cases and 29,280 controls for five polymorphisms of the MDM4 gene were enrolled. In the stratified analysis of rs1380576, we found that Asians might have less susceptibility to cancer. We found that rs4245739 was correlated with a decreased risk of cancer for Asians and breast cancer susceptibility. However, for other polymorphisms, the results showed no significant association with cancer risk. Conclusion MDM4 rs1380576 polymorphism is negatively associated with the risk of cancer in the Asian population. MDM4 rs4245739 polymorphism is inversely associated with cancer risk for Asians and breast cancer susceptibility.
Probiotics use is associated with improved clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Lina , Han Huanqin , Li Xuan , Chen Caozhen , Xie Xiaobing , Su Guomei , Ye Shicai , Wang Cuili , He Qing , Wang Fang , Huang Fang , Wang Zhaoqin , Wu Jiayuan , Lai Tianwen 
Published: August 2021

Background and aims: Currently, there are no definitive therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gut microbial dysbiosis has been proved to be associated with COVID-19 severity and probiotics is an adjunctive therapy for COIVD-19. However, the potential benefit of probiotics in COVID-19 has not been studied. We aimed to assess the relationship of probiotics use with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a propensity-score matched retrospective cohort study of adult patients with COVID-19. Eligible patients received either probiotics plus standard care (probiotics group) or standard care alone (non-probiotics group). The primary outcome was the clinical improvement rate, which was compared among propensity-score matched groups and in the unmatched cohort. Secondary outcomes included the duration of viral shedding, fever, and hospital stay. Results: Among the propensity-score matched groups, probiotics use was related to clinical improvement rates (log-rank p = 0.028). This relationship was driven primarily by a shorter (days) time to clinical improvement [difference, −3 (−4 to −1), p = 0.022], reduction in duration of fever [−1.0 (−2.0 to 0.0), p = 0.025], viral shedding [−3 (−6 to −1), p < 0.001], and hospital stay [−3 (−5 to −1), p = 0.009]. Using the Cox model with time-varying exposure, use of probiotics remained independently related to better clinical improvement rate in the unmatched cohort. Conclusion: Our study suggested that probiotics use was related to improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Further studies are required to validate the effect of probiotics in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Autopsies and quality of cause of death diagnoses
Authors: Rosendahl Anders , Mjörnheim Berit , Eriksson Lennart C 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The consequences of a low autopsy rate are not considered in determining the cause of death. Method: We have analyzed the Cause of Death Register of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare since it started 1969 to and including 2016 to visualize the decline in the frequency of clinical autopsies over time and evaluated the effect on the quality of the cause of death diagnoses. Results: Over the five decades studied, the frequency of clinical autopsies declined from almost 40% to less than 5%. The rate of decline was not even. Political decisions and changes of healthcare organization in Sweden affected the slope of decline of autopsies superimposed on a linear decline over time reflecting changes in clinical routines. A request of clinical autopsies was highly dependent on the level of care at the time of death, with the lowest number of requests for persons who died in nursing homes. The age at the time of death was a major factor affecting the number of autopsies, resulting in an autopsy rate of less than 1% in the ages where most persons die. Although men were autopsied more often than women, a gender-specific difference was not seen after correction for the age of death. We also found a higher rate of unspecific and irrelevant diagnosis in the cases not autopsied and we know from earlier studies by us and other authors that the cause of death diagnoses were missed in between 30% and 50% of the cases not autopsied. Conclusion: The decline in the clinical autopsy rate reduced the value of the death certificate register. An increase in the number of autopsies performed will improve the understanding of disease and cause of death, as well as to better inform next of kin.
Nurses’ Experience With Type II Workplace Violence and Underreporting During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Byon Ha Do , Sagherian Knar , Kim Yeonsu , Lipscomb Jane , Crandall Mary , Steege Linsey 
Published: August 2021

Background Type II (customer-on-worker) workplace violence (WPV) against nurses and its underreporting are ongoing safety and health challenges in health care. The COVID-19 pandemic has strained patients and nurses and, in turn, may have increased WPV. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe and compare a sample of nurses’ reported prevalence of Type II WPV and their reporting of these events during the pandemic. Methods Data from an online survey of registered nurses ( N = 373) working in hospitals were included. Prevalence was calculated for physical violence and verbal abuse, and their reporting of these events, including the experience of violence between nurses who did and did not care for patients with COVID-19. Findings Overall, 44.4% and 67.8% of the nurses reported experiencing physical violence and verbal abuse, respectively, between February and May/June 2020. Nurses who provided care for patients with COVID-19 experienced more physical violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.30, 3.67]) and verbal abuse (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI = [1.22, 3.61]) than nurses who did not care for these patients. One in 10 nurses felt reporting the incident was more difficult during the pandemic. Conclusion/Application to Practice A significant proportion of nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19 experienced more physical violence and verbal abuse, and more difficulty in reporting to management. As the pandemic continues, health care organizations need to recognize that workers may be at an elevated risk for experiencing WPV and may be less likely to report, resulting in an urgent need for prevention efforts on their part.
Increased abundance of secreted hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolite gene clusters define the genomes of latent plant pathogens in the Botryosphaeriaceae
Authors: Nagel Jan H. , Wingfield Michael J. , Slippers Bernard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The Botryosphaeriaceae are important plant pathogens, but also have the ability to establish asymptomatic infections that persist for extended periods in a latent state. In this study, we used comparative genome analyses to shed light on the genetic basis of the interactions of these fungi with their plant hosts. For this purpose, we characterised secreted hydrolytic enzymes, secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and general trends in genomic architecture using all available Botryosphaeriaceae genomes, and selected Dothideomycetes genomes.

Results
The Botryosphaeriaceae genomes were rich in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), proteases, lipases and secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) compared to other Dothideomycete genomes. The genomes of Botryosphaeria, Macrophomina, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum, in particular, had gene expansions of the major constituents of the secretome, notably CAZymes involved in plant cell wall degradation. The Botryosphaeriaceae genomes were shown to have moderate to high GC contents and most had low levels of repetitive DNA. The genomes were not compartmentalized based on gene and repeat densities, but genes of secreted enzymes were slightly more abundant in gene-sparse regions.

Conclusion
The abundance of secreted hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolite BGCs in the genomes of Botryosphaeria, Macrophomina, Lasiodiplodia, and Neofusicoccum were similar to those in necrotrophic plant pathogens and some endophytes of woody plants. The results provide a foundation for comparative genomic analyses and hypotheses to explore the mechanisms underlying Botryosphaeriaceae host-plant interactions.
Age-related changes of human serum Sirtuin6 in adults
Authors: Zhao Ying , Bai Xiangli , Jia Xiong , Lu Yajing , Cheng Wenzhuo , Shu Meng , Zhu Yan , Zhu Lin , Wang Li , Shu Yan , Song Yi , Jin Si 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Aging is a natural life process and with an aging population, age-related diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases) are the primary mortality cause in older adults. Telomerase is often used as an aging biomarker. Detection and characterization of novel biomarkers can help in a more specific and sensitive identification of a person’s aging status. Also, this could help in age-related diseases early prevent, ultimately prolonging the population’s life span. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) - a member of the Sirtuins NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases family - is mainly intracellularly expressed, and is reported to be involved in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases. Whether serum Sirt6 is correlated with aging and could be used as an aging biomarker is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the age-related Sirt6 changes in the serum of human adults.

Methods
Participants were divided into three groups according to age: 20–30 years (Young); 45–55 years (Middle-aged); and ≥ 70 years (Old). The Sirt6 and telomerase serum concentrations were determined by ELISA. The Sirt6 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in vessels from amputated human lower limbs were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The relationships between variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis.

Results
The Sirt6 and telomerase serum levels reduced with an increase in age. A similar tendency was observed for Sirt6 and hTERT in the vessel. Serum levels of Sirt6 were higher in females compared with males. Pearson’s regression analysis revealed that the Sirt6 serum level positively correlated with telomerase (r = 0.5743) and both were significantly negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.5830 and r = − 0.5993, respectively).

Conclusions
We reported a negative correlation between serum Sirt6 concentration and aging in human beings. Therefore, the Sirt6 serum level is a potential sex-specific aging marker.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Yunnan Province, China, 2008–2019
Authors: Jiang Li , Jiang Hongchao , Tian Xin , Xia Xueshan , Huang Tian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since 2016, enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines have been approved for market entry, and little is known about how the epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been affected by the introduction of the vaccines in Yunnan Province. The study describes the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD before and after the introduction of EV71 vaccination in Yunnan Province.

Methods
Surveillance data collected between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed to produce epidemiological distribution on cases, etiologic composition, and EV71 vaccination coverage, as well as to compare these characteristics before and after EV71 vaccination.

Results
A total of 1,653,533 children received EV71 vaccines from 2016 through 2019 in Yunnan. The annual EV71 vaccination coverage rate ranged from 5.53 to 15.01% among children ≤5 years old. After the introduction of EV71 vaccines, the overall incidence of HFMD increased and reached over 200 cases per 100,000 population-years in 2018 and 2019. However, the case severity and case fatality rate decreased and remained lower than 1 and 0.005% after 2016, respectively. EV71-associated mild, severe and fatal cases sharply decreased. The predominant viral serotype changed to non-EV71/non-CV-A16 enteroviruses which were detected across the whole province.

Conclusions
Non-EV71/non-CV-A16 enteroviruses became the predominant strain and led to a higher incidence in Yunnan. Expanding EV71 vaccination and strengthening laboratory-based surveillance could further decrease the burden of severe HFMD and detect and monitor emerging enteroviruses.
Analysis of the causes and influencing factors of fetal loss in advanced maternal age: a nested case-control study
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Lin Yuan , Liu Zhaozhen , Huang Xinxin , Chen Rongxin , Huang Huihui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The risk of fetal loss is higher among ≥35-year-olds than younger women. The present study aimed to explore the causes and factors influencing fetal loss in advanced maternal age (AMA).

Methods
AMA women with singleton fetuses (< 14 gestational weeks) who underwent their first prenatal examination in the Obstetrics Department of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from December 2018 to June 2020 were included in this cohort study. Those who terminated the pregnancy before 14 gestational weeks were excluded. A baseline survey was conducted, and follow-up was carried out until the termination of the pregnancy. Clinical data were extracted to analyse the causes of fetal loss among them. In the nested case-control study, the AMA women with fetal loss were enrolled as the case group, and women without fetal loss in the same period were enrolled as the control group, in a 1:2 ratio matched by age and gestational weeks. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors influencing fetal loss.

Results
A total of 239 women with fetal loss and 478 controls were enrolled. The causes of fetal loss were most often fetal factors, followed by maternal factors, umbilical cord factors, and placental factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that junior high school education and below (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19–12.02), senior high school education (aOR = 4.91, 95% CI: 2.09–11.54), residence in a rural area (aOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.92–4.25), unemployment (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20–2.71), spontaneous abortion history (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26–2.80), preterm birth history (aOR = 11.08, 95% CI: 2.90–42.26), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR = 7.20, 95% CI: 2.24–23.12), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (aOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.53–11.11) were risk factors for fetal loss.

Conclusions
Low educational level, unemployment, abnormal pregnancy/labor history, and pregnancy complications were correlated with the incidence of fetal loss in AMA. Thus, early identification as well as a targeted intervention, should be conducted.
Integrating HECW1 expression into the clinical indicators exhibits high accuracy in assessing the prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chao , Dong Keqin , Wang Yuning , Peng Guang , Song Xu , Yu Yongwei , Shen Pei , Cui Xingang 
Published: August 2021

Abstracts
Background
Although many intratumoral biomarkers have been reported to predict clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patient prognosis, combining intratumoral and clinical indicators could predict ccRCC prognosis more accurately than any of these markers alone. This study mainly examined the prognostic value of HECT, C2 and WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECW1) expression in ccRCC patients in combination with established clinical indicators.

Methods
The expression level of HECW1 was screened out by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) and analyzed in ccRCC patients from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and our cohort. A total of 300 ccRCC patients were stochastically divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort, and real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and statistical analyses were employed to examine the prognostic value of HECW1 in ccRCC patients.

Results
The expression level of HECW1 usually decreased in human ccRCC specimens relative to control specimens in TCGA (p < 0.001). DIA-MS, Real-time PCR, and IHC analyses also showed that the majority of ccRCCs harbored decreased HECW1 expression compared with that in normal adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). Additionally, HECW1 expression was reduced in ccRCC cell lines compared with the normal renal cell line HK-2 (p < 0.001). Moreover, lower HECW1 expression was found in ccRCC patients with a higher tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, bone metastasis, or first-line targeted drug resistance (p < 0.001). Low HECW1 expression indicated higher TNM stage, SSIGN (Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis) score and WHO/ISUP grade and poor prognosis in ccRCC patients (p < 0.05). Even after multivariable adjustment, HECW1, TNM stage, and SSIGN score served as independent risk factors. The c-index analysis showed that integrating intratumoral HECW1 expression into TNM stage or SSIGN score resulted in a higher c-index value than these indicators alone for predicting ccRCC patient prognosis.

Conclusion
HECW1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC, and integrating intratumoral HECW1 expression with established clinical indicators yields higher accuracy in assessing the postoperative prognosis of ccRCC patients.