bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variations and determinants of EPA plus DHA and EPA alone in pregnant and lactating women from China
Authors: Yin Shaohua , Zhou Yu-bo , Li Hongtian , Meng Ying , Liu Jian-Meng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEPA and DHA are essential for maternal and fetal health, but epidemiological data are sparse in China. We examined the trends of EPA alone and a combination of EPA plus DHA in pregnant and lactating women in three distinct geographic regions in China and explored their potential influencing factors. A total of 1015 healthy women during mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy or lactation were recruited from Weihai (coastland), Yueyang (lakeland) and Baotou (inland) cities of China between May and July of 2014. Maternal EPA and DHA concentrations (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by capillary GC. Adjusted EPA plus DHA concentrations in both plasma and erythrocytes significantly declined from mid-pregnancy (2·92 %, 6·95 %) to late pregnancy (2·20 %, 6·42 %) and lactation (2·40 %, 6·29 %) (Ptrend < 0·001); and both concentrations were highest in coastland, followed by lakeland, and lowest in inland (P < 0·001). Regarding EPA alone, the concentrations were higher in women during lactation or late pregnancy and in women in coastland and inland areas. Moreover, concentrations of EPA or EPA plus DHA were higher in women with older age, higher education, higher annual family income per capita and higher dietary intake of marine aquatic product and mutton. In lactating women, erythrocyte EPA concentration was higher in those having breast-feeding partially v. exclusively. In conclusion, maternal plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of EPA plus DHA or EPA alone differed with geographic regions, physiological periods and maternal characteristics, indicating a need of population-specific health strategies to improve fatty acids status in pregnant and lactating women.
Understanding pre- and syn-orogenic tectonic evolution in western Himalaya through age and petrogenesis of Palaeozoic and Cenozoic granites from upper structural levels of Bhagirathi Valley, NW India
Authors: Sen Aranya , Sen Koushik , Chatterjee Amitava , Choudhary Shubham , Dey Alosree 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Himalaya is characterized by the presence of both pre-Himalayan Palaeozoic and syn-Himalayan Cenozoic granitic bodies, which can help unravel the pre- to syn-collisional geodynamics of this orogen. In the Bhagirathi Valley of Western Himalaya, such granites and the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) hosting them are bound to the south by the top-to-the-N extensional Jhala Normal Fault (JNF) and low-grade metapelite of the THS to its north. The THS is intruded by a set of leucocratic dykes concordant to the JNF. Zircon U–Pb laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) geochronology of the THS and one leucocratic dyke reveals that the two rocks have a strikingly similar age distribution, with a common and most prominent age peak at ~1000 Ma. To the north of the THS lies Bhaironghati Granite, a Palaeozoic two-mica granite, which shows a crystallization age of 512.28 ± 1.58 Ma. Our geochemical analysis indicates that it is a product of pre-Himalayan Palaeozoic magmatism owing to extensional tectonics in a back-arc or rift setting following the assembly of Gondwana (500–530 Ma). The Cenozoic Gangotri Leucogranite lies to the north of Bhaironghati Granite, and U–Pb dating of zircon from this leucogranite gives a crystallization age of 21.73 ± 0.11 Ma. Our geochemical studies suggest that the Gangotri Leucogranite is a product of muscovite-dehydration melting of the lower crust owing to flexural bending in relation to steepening of the subducted Indian plate. The leucocratic dykes are highly refracted parts of the Gangotri Leucogranite that migrated and emplaced along extensional fault zones related to the JNF and scavenged zircon from the host THS during crystallization.
ON WARING’S PROBLEM IN SUMS OF THREE CUBES FOR SMALLER POWERS
Authors: PLIEGO JAVIER 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe give an upper bound for the minimum s with the property that every sufficiently large integer can be represented as the sum of s positive kth powers of integers, each of which is represented as the sum of three positive cubes for the cases
$2\leq k\leq 4.$
Modeling Anthropogenic and Environmental Influences on Freshwater Harmful Algal Bloom Development Detected by MERIS Over the Central United States
Authors: Iiames J. S. , Salls W. B. , Mehaffey M. H. , Nash M. S. , Christensen J. R. , Schaeffer B. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman and ecological health have been threatened by the increase of cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater systems. Successful mitigation of this risk requires understanding the factors driving cyanoHABs at a broad scale. To inform management priorities and decisions, we employed random forest modeling to identify major cyanoHAB drivers in 369 freshwater lakes distributed across 15 upper Midwest states during the 2011 bloom season (July–October). We used Cyanobacteria Index (CI_cyano)—A remotely sensed product derived from the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) aboard the European Space Agency's Envisat satellite—as the response variable to obtain variable importance metrics for 75 landscape and lake physiographic predictor variables. Lakes were stratified into high and low elevation categories to further focus CI_cyano variable importance identification by anthropogenic and natural influences. “High elevation” watershed land cover (LC) was primarily forest or natural vegetation, compared with “low elevation” watersheds LC dominated by anthropogenic landscapes (e.g., agriculture and municipalities). We used the top ranked 25 Random Forest variables to create a classification and regression tree (CART) for both low and high elevation lake designations to identify variable thresholds for possible management mitigation. Mean CI_cyano was 3 times larger for “low elevation” lakes than for “high elevation” lakes, with both mean values exceeding the “High” World Health Organization recreational guidance/action level threshold for cyanobacteria (100,000 cells/mL). Agrarian‐related variables were prominent across all 369 lakes and low elevation lakes. High elevation lakes showed more influence of lakeside LC than for the low elevation lakes.
Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Apparent Incidence Angles for Sparse Seismic Data
Authors: Joshi Rakshit , Knapmeyer‐Endrun Brigitte , Mosegaard Klaus , Igel Heiner , Christensen Ulrich R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe estimation of crustal structure and thickness is essential in understanding the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets. Initial planetary missions with seismic instrumentation on board face the additional challenge of dealing with seismic activity levels that are only poorly constrained a priori. For example, the lack of plate tectonics on Mars leads to low seismicity, which could, in turn, hinder the application of many terrestrial data analysis techniques. Here we propose using a joint inversion of receiver functions and apparent incidence angles, which contain information on absolute S‐wave velocities of the subsurface. Since receiver function inversions suffer from a velocity depth trade‐off, we in addition exploit a simple relation that defines apparent S‐wave velocity as a function of observed apparent P‐wave incidence angles to constrain the parameter space. We then use the Neighborhood Algorithm for the inversion of a suitable joint objective function. The resulting ensemble of models is then used to derive uncertainty estimates for each model parameter. In preparation for the analysis of data from the InSight mission, we show the application of our proposed method on Mars synthetics and sparse terrestrial data sets from different geological settings using both single and multiple events. We use information‐theoretic statistical tests as model selection criteria and discuss their relevance and implications in a seismological framework.
Mean‐State Dependence of CO2‐Forced Tropical Atlantic Sector Climate Change
Authors: Imbol Nkwinkwa A. S. N. , Latif M. , Park W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwenty‐first‐century climate change projections are uncertain, especially on regional scales. An important source of uncertainty is that climate models exhibit biases, which limits their ability to predict climate. One of the largest biases is the too warm sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Atlantic (TA), reflecting deficient atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Here, we show that CO2‐forced TA‐sector climate changes simulated by state‐of‐the‐art climate models exhibit a strong mean‐state dependence. In particular, models simulating largest SST warming in the eastern TA, consistent with the warming observed since the mid‐20th century, typically exhibit a more realistic mean state than models simulating largest warming in the western TA. The former models exhibit a larger climate sensitivity, and predict stronger and in part qualitatively different climate changes over the TA sector, for example in precipitation. These findings may help to reducing uncertainty in TA‐climate change projections.
Does Earthquake Stress Drop Increase With Depth in the Crust?
Authors: Abercrombie Rachel E. , Trugman Daniel T. , Shearer Peter M. , Chen Xiaowei , Zhang Jiewen , Pennington Colin N. , Hardebeck Jeanne L. , Goebel Thomas H. W. , Ruhl Christine J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe combine earthquake spectra from multiple studies to investigate whether the increase in stress drop with depth often observed in the crust is real, or an artifact of decreasing attenuation (increasing Q) with depth. In many studies, empirical path and attenuation corrections are assumed to be independent of the earthquake source depth. We test this assumption by investigating whether a realistic increase in Q with depth (as is widely observed) could remove some of the observed apparent increase in stress drop with depth. We combine event spectra, previously obtained using spectral decomposition methods, for over 50,000 earthquakes (M0 to M5) from 12 studies in California, Nevada, Kansas and Oklahoma. We find that the relative high‐frequency content of the spectra systematically increases with increasing earthquake depth, at all magnitudes. By analyzing spectral ratios between large and small events as a function of source depth, we explore the relative importance of source and attenuation contributions to this observed depth dependence. Without any correction for depth‐dependent attenuation, we find a systematic increase in stress drop, rupture velocity, or both, with depth, as previously observed. When we add an empirical, depth‐dependent attenuation correction, the depth dependence of stress drop systematically decreases, often becoming negligible. The largest corrections are observed in regions with the largest seismic velocity increase with depth. We conclude that source parameter analyses, whether in the frequency or time domains, should not assume path terms are independent of source depth, and should more explicitly consider the effects of depth‐dependent attenuation.
The Impact of Sea‐Ice Drift and Ocean Circulation on Dispersal of Toothfish Eggs and Juveniles in the Ross Gyre and Amundsen Sea
Authors: Behrens Erik , Pinkerton Matt , Parker Steve , Rickard Graham , Collins Charine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKnowledge about the early life history of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is still incomplete, particularly on the spatial and temporal extent of spawning and the subsequent transport of eggs, larvae, and juveniles from the offshore spawning areas to the continental shelf. This study used a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model to investigate the impact of ocean circulation and sea‐ice drift on the dispersal of eggs, larvae, and juvenile Antarctic toothfish. The virtual eggs were released on seamounts of the Pacific‐Antarctic ridge in the Ross Gyre and advected using hydrodynamical model data. Particles were seeded annually over the years 2002–2016 and tracked for 3 years after their release. Recruitment success was evaluated based on the number of juveniles that reached known coastal recruitment areas, between the eastern Ross and Amundsen Seas, within 3 years. Sensitivities to certain juvenile behaviors were explored and showed that recruitment success was reduced by around 70% if juveniles drifted with sea‐ice during the second winter season as this carried them into the open ocean away from the shelf region. Recruitment success increased during the second winter season if juveniles were entrained in the Ross Gyre circulation or if they actively swam toward the shelf. These modeling results suggest that the ecological advantage of sea‐ice association in the early life cycle of toothfish diminishes as they grow, promoting a behavior change during their second winter.
Potential Impacts of Lightning Flash Observations on Numerical Weather Prediction With Explicit Lightning Processes
Authors: Honda Takumi , Sato Yousuke , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough various lightning observation platforms exist, lightning flash observations have not been fully utilized for numerical weather prediction (NWP), mainly due to complications related to modeling lightning processes. Herein, we investigated the potential impacts of lightning observations using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with an NWP model, including explicit lightning processes. The EnKF included flow‐dependent error covariances between lightning flashes and the atmospheric state. Observing system simulation experiments were performed for an idealized convective case. Ensemble‐based correlations with various observations indicated that lightning flashes provide valuable information below cloud tops where satellite infrared radiances cannot observe well due to the presence of anvil clouds. Moreover, a single‐step data assimilation experiment showed that lightning flashes positively impact the analysis and forecast of wind, hydrometeors, and electric charge. The results revealed that lightning flashes are potentially useful for an EnKF with an NWP model including explicit lightning processes.
Point-of-care antimicrobial coating protects orthopaedic implants from bacterial challenge
Authors: Xi Weixian , Hegde Vishal , Zoller Stephen D. , Park Howard Y. , Hart Christopher M. , Kondo Takeru , Hamad Christopher D. , Hu Yan , Loftin Amanda H. , Johansen Daniel O. , Burke Zachary , Clarkson Samuel , Ishmael Chad , Hori Kellyn , Mamouei Zeinab , Okawa Hiroko , Nishimura Ichiro , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Segura Tatiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImplant related infections are the most common cause of joint arthroplasty failure, requiring revision surgeries and a new implant, resulting in a cost of $8.6 billion annually. To address this problem, we created a class of coating technology that is applied in the operating room, in a procedure that takes less than 10 min, and can incorporate any desired antibiotic. Our coating technology uses an in situ coupling reaction of branched poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(allyl mercaptan) (PEG-PAM) polymers to generate an amphiphilic polymeric coating. We show in vivo efficacy in preventing implant infection in both post-arthroplasty infection and post-spinal surgery infection mouse models. Our technology displays efficacy with or without systemic antibiotics, the standard of care. Our coating technology is applied in a clinically relevant time frame, does not require modification of implant manufacturing process, and does not change the implant shelf life.
Therapeutic targeting of the PLK1-PRC1-axis triggers cell death in genomically silent childhood cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Ohmura Shunya , Marchetto Aruna , Orth Martin F. , Imle Roland , Dallmayer Marlene , Musa Julian , Knott Maximilian M. L. , Hölting Tilman L. B. , Stein Stefanie , Funk Cornelius M. , Sastre Ana , Alonso Javier , Bestvater Felix , Kasan Merve , Romero-Pérez Laura , Hartmann Wolfgang , Ranft Andreas , Banito Ana , Dirksen Uta , Kirchner Thomas , Cidre-Aranaz Florencia , Grünewald Thomas G. P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer1. Yet, many childhood cancers, such as Ewing sarcoma (EwS), feature remarkably ‘silent’ genomes with minimal CIN2. Here, we show in the EwS model how uncoupling of mitosis and cytokinesis via targeting protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) or its activating polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) can be employed to induce fatal genomic instability and tumor regression. We find that the EwS-specific oncogenic transcription factor EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks PRC1, which physiologically safeguards controlled cell division, through binding to a proximal enhancer-like GGAA-microsatellite, thereby promoting tumor growth and poor clinical outcome. Via integration of transcriptome-profiling and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including CRISPR-mediated enhancer editing, we discover that high PRC1 expression creates a therapeutic vulnerability toward PLK1 inhibition that can repress even chemo-resistant EwS cells by triggering mitotic catastrophe.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant PRC1 activation by a dominant oncogene can confer malignancy but provide opportunities for targeted therapy, and identify PRC1 expression as an important determinant to predict the efficacy of PLK1 inhibitors being used in clinical trials.
Strong correlation between electronic bonding network and critical temperature in hydrogen-based superconductors
Authors: Belli Francesco , Novoa Trinidad , Contreras-García J. , Errea Ion 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy analyzing structural and electronic properties of more than a hundred predicted hydrogen-based superconductors, we determine that the capacity of creating an electronic bonding network between localized units is key to enhance the critical temperature in hydrogen-based superconductors. We define a magnitude named as the networking value, which correlates with the predicted critical temperature better than any other descriptor analyzed thus far. By classifying the studied compounds according to their bonding nature, we observe that such correlation is bonding-type independent, showing a broad scope and generality. Furthermore, combining the networking value with the hydrogen fraction in the system and the hydrogen contribution to the density of states at the Fermi level, we can predict the critical temperature of hydrogen-based compounds with an accuracy of about 60 K. Such correlation is useful to screen new superconducting compounds and offers a deeper understating of the chemical and physical properties of hydrogen-based superconductors, while setting clear paths for chemically engineering their critical temperatures.
Neofunctionalization of an ancient domain allows parasites to avoid intraspecific competition by manipulating host behaviour
Authors: Chen Jiani , Fang Gangqi , Pang Lan , Sheng Yifeng , Zhang Qichao , Zhou Yuenan , Zhou Sicong , Lu Yueqi , Liu Zhiguo , Zhang Yixiang , Li Guiyun , Shi Min , Chen Xuexin , Zhan Shuai , Huang Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntraspecific competition is a major force in mediating population dynamics, fuelling adaptation, and potentially leading to evolutionary diversification. Among the evolutionary arms races between parasites, one of the most fundamental and intriguing behavioural adaptations and counter-adaptations are superparasitism and superparasitism avoidance. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological contexts of these phenomena remain underexplored. Here, we apply theDrosophilaparasiteLeptopilina boulardias a study system and find that this solitary endoparasitic wasp provokes a host escape response for superparasitism avoidance. We combine multi-omics and in vivo functional studies to characterize a small set of RhoGAP domain-containing genes that mediate the parasite’s manipulation of host escape behaviour by inducing reactive oxygen species in the host central nervous system. We further uncover an evolutionary scenario in which neofunctionalization and specialization gave rise to the novel role of RhoGAP domain in avoiding superparasitism, with an ancestral origin prior to the divergence betweenLeptopilinaspecialist and generalist species. Our study suggests that superparasitism avoidance is adaptive for a parasite and adds to our understanding of how the molecular manipulation of host behaviour has evolved in this system.
A bacterial kinase phosphorylates OSK1 to suppress stomatal immunity in rice
Authors: Wang Shanzhi , Li Shuai , Wang Jiyang , Li Qian , Xin Xiu-Fang , Zhou Shuang , Wang Yanping , Li Dayong , Xu Jiaqing , Luo Zhao-Qing , He Sheng Yang , Sun Wenxian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Xanthomonas outer protein C2 (XopC2) family of bacterial effectors is widely found in plant pathogens and Legionella species. However, the biochemical activity and host targets of these effectors remain enigmatic. Here we show that ectopic expression of XopC2 promotes jasmonate signaling and stomatal opening in transgenic rice plants, which are more susceptible to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola infection. Guided by these phenotypes, we discover that XopC2 represents a family of atypical kinases that specifically phosphorylate OSK1, a universal adaptor protein of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box ubiquitin ligase complexes. Intriguingly, OSK1 phosphorylation at Ser53 by XopC2 exclusively increases the binding affinity of OSK1 to the jasmonate receptor OsCOI1b, and specifically enhances the ubiquitination and degradation of JAZ transcription repressors and plant disease susceptibility through inhibiting stomatal immunity. These results define XopC2 as a prototypic member of a family of pathogenic effector kinases and highlight a smart molecular mechanism to activate jasmonate signaling.