bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of gingival phenotype on the morphology of the maxillary central papilla
Authors: Belák Šimon , Žižka Radovan , Starosta Martin , Zapletalová Jana , Šedý Jiří , Štefanatný Michal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: (1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla—fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; (2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; (3) to compare both sexes.MethodsA total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20–30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.ResultsNo significant relationship between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P < 0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01).ConclusionThe appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.
Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile status among women using progestin-only contraceptives: comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Shiferaw Mulu , Kassahun Woldeteklehaymanot , Zawdie Belay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The major types of hormonal contraception used currently in Ethiopia are progestogen-only. This study aimed to assess the differences in anthropometry indices, blood pressure, and lipid profile among women using progestin-only contraceptives in selected health facilities of Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age using Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and implant in selected health facilities from April 11 to May 11, 2019. A total of 146 women (45 DMPA and 51 implant users and 50 non-users) were selected randomly for inclusion in the study. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine variations in health outcomes while Bonferroni post-hoc tests were conducted to determine significance of variations between multiple outcomes.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the mean Body Mass Index (p = 0.045), Hip-to-waist ratio (p = 0.012), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.027), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.017), total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.005), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.023) and triacylglycerol (TAG) (p = 0.000) between women using progestin-only contraceptives and non-users. DMPA users had higher TC (p = 0.024) than non-users. Results from Pearson correlation analysis showed that DBP of DMPA users was higher with longer duration of use.

Conclusion
The findings suggest the need for family planning service providers to undertake appropriate client profiling before recommending a particular method to women seeking the services in order to minimize adverse health risks, especially for those who may have pre-existing conditions.
Baicalein inhibits inflammatory response and promotes osteogenic activity in periodontal ligament cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Ren Manman , Zhao Ya , He Zhiqi , Lin Jian , Xu Chuchu , Liu Fen , Hu Rongdang , Deng Hui , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic infection initiated by oral bacterial and their virulence factors, yet the severity of periodontitis is largely determined by the dysregulated host immuno-inflammatory response. Baicalein is a flavonoid extracted fromScutellaria baicalensiswith promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to clarify the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of baicalein in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).MethodsHuman PDLCs were incubated with baicalein (0–100 μM) for 2 h prior to LPS challenge for 24 h. MTT analysis was adopted to assess the cytoxicity of baicalein. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory and osteogenic markers were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as appropriate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling related proteins was assessed by western blot.ResultsMTT results showed that baicalein up to 100 μM had no cytotoxicity on PDLCs. Baicalein significantly attenuated the inflammatory factors induced by LPS, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) at both mRNA and protein level. Moreover, MAPK signaling (ERK, JNK and p38) was significantly inhibited by baicalein, which may account for the mitigated inflammatory response. Next, we found that baicalein effectively restored the osteogenic differentiation of LPS-treated PDLCs, as shown by the increased ALP and ARS staining. Accordingly, the protein and gene expression of osteogenic markers, namely runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen-I, and osterix were markedly upregulated. Importantly, baicalein could function as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, which may lead to the increased osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs.ConclusionsWith the limitation of the study, we provide in vitro evidence that baicalein ameliorates inflammatory response and restores osteogenesis in PDLCs challenged with LPS, indicating its potential use as the host response modulator for the management of periodontitis.
Drug treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy: a critical review of the guidelines
Authors: Al Khaja Khalid A. J. , Sequeira Reginald P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalaria caused byPlasmodium falciparumin pregnancy can result in adverse maternal and fetal sequelae. This review evaluated the adherence of the national guidelines drawn from World Health Organization (WHO) regions, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific, to the WHO recommendations on drug treatment and prevention of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in pregnant women.MethodsThirty-five updated national guidelines and the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), available in English language, were reviewed. The primary outcome measures were the first-line anti-malarial treatment protocols adopted by national guidelines for uncomplicated and complicated falciparum malaria infections in early (first) and late (second and third) trimesters of pregnancy. The strategy of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was also addressed.ResultsThis review evaluated the treatment and prevention of falciparum malaria in pregnancy in 35 national guidelines/PMI-Malaria Operational Plans (MOP) reports out of 95 malaria-endemic countries. Of the 35 national guidelines, 10 (28.6%) recommend oral quinine plus clindamycin as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester. As the first-line option, artemether–lumefantrine, an artemisinin-based combination therapy, is adopted by 26 (74.3%) of the guidelines for treating uncomplicated or complicated malaria in the second and third trimesters. Intravenous artesunate is approved by 18 (51.4%) and 31 (88.6%) guidelines for treating complicated malaria during early and late pregnancy, respectively. Of the 23 national guidelines that recommend IPTp-SP strategy, 8 (34.8%) are not explicit about directly observed therapy requirements, and three-quarters, 17 (73.9%), do not specify contra-indication of SP in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Most of the guidelines (18/23; 78.3%) state the recommended folic acid dose.ConclusionSeveral national guidelines and PMI reports require update revisions to harmonize with international guidelines and emergent trends in managing falciparum malaria in pregnancy. National guidelines and those of donor agencies should comply with those of WHO guideline recommendations although local conditions and delayed guideline updates may call for deviations from WHO evidence-based guidelines.
Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Tsehay Mekonnen , Zenebe Yosef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal ideation and suicidal attempt are warning signs for and determine the prognosis of completed suicide. These suicidal behaviors are much more pronounced in people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite this, there is a scarcity of aggregate evidence in Africa. This study was therefore aimed to fill this gap.Methodswe extensively searched Psych-info, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to obtain eligible studies. Further screening for a reference list of articles was also done. Meta XL package was used to extract data and the Stata-11 was also employed. Cochran’s Q- and the Higgs I2test were engaged to check heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were implemented. Egger’s test and funnel plots were used in detecting publication bias.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.7% (95% CI 16.80, 26.63). The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation in Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa was 22.7%, 25.3%, 9.8%, and 18.05% respectively. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was larger; 27.7% in studies that used Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) than Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); 16.96%. Moreover, the prevalence of suicidal ideation in studies with a sample size of < 400 was 23.42% whereas it was 18.3% in studies with a sample size ≥ of 400 participants. The pooled prevalence of suicidal attempts in this study was 11.06% (95% CI 6.21, 15.92). A suicidal attempt was higher in Ethiopia (16.97%) and Nigeria (16.20%) than Uganda (3.51%). This pooled prevalence of suicidal attempt was higher among studies that used a smaller sample (< 400 participants) (15.5%) than studies that used a larger sample size (≥ 400 participants) (8.4%). The pooled prevalence of suicidal attempt was 3.75%, and 16.97% in studies that used MINI and CIDI respectively. Our narrative synthesis revealed that advanced stages of AIDS, co-morbid depression, perceived HIV stigma, and poor social support was among the factors strongly associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.ConclusionThe pooled magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was high and factors like advanced stages of AIDS, co-morbid depression, perceived stigma, and poor social support were related to it. Clinicians should be geared towards this mental health problem of HIV patients during management.
Identification and validation of obesity-related gene LEP methylation as a prognostic indicator in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Ting-juan , Xu Zi-jun , Gu Yu , Ma Ji-chun , Wen Xiang-mei , Zhang Wei , Deng Zhao-qun , Qian Jun , Lin Jiang , Zhou Jing-dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity confers enhanced risk for multiple diseases including cancer. The DNA methylation alterations in obesity-related genes have been implicated in several human solid tumors. However, the underlying role and clinical implication of DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has yet to be elucidated.ResultsIn the discovery stage, we identified that DNA methylation-associatedLEPexpression was correlated with prognosis among obesity-related genes from the databases of The Cancer Genome Atlas. In the validation stage, we verified thatLEPhypermethylation was a frequent event in AML by both targeted bisulfite sequencing and real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Moreover,LEPhypermethylation, correlated with reducedLEPexpression, was found to be associated with higher bone marrow blasts, lower platelets, and lower complete remission (CR) rate in AML. Importantly, survival analysis showed thatLEPhypermethylation was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in AML. Moreover, multivariate analysis disclosed thatLEPhypermethylation was an independent risk factor affecting CR and OS among non-M3 AML. By clinical and bioinformatics analysis,LEPmay be also regulated bymiR-517a/bexpression in AML.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the obesity-related geneLEPmethylation is associated withLEPinactivation, and acts as an independent prognostic predictor in AML.
Multi-chain and data-chains partitioning algorithm in intelligent manufacturing CPS
Authors: Li Suisheng , Xiao Hong , Qiao Jingwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm for the blockchain system based on multi-chain storage for CPS under edge cloud computing, in which the nodes of the system are divided according to the relationship of communication tightness.The experimental results show that the algorithm based on the multi-chain storage structure for nodes divided can reduce the data synchronization time and space, and improve the expansion ability of the system. Besides, the data in the system can be isolated from each other with the multi-chain structure, thus preventing the leakage of sensitive data and improving the information security of the system.
Management of acute cholecystitis in patient with cyclic neutropenia: a case report
Authors: Nishikawa Saki , Hamaoka Michinori , Nakahara Hideki , Itamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Cyclic neutropenia is a disease that causes a neutropenic decrease in peripheral blood in a cycle of about 21 days. It is a rare hereditary disorder with an estimated incidence of 0.5–1 cases per million population. The absolute neutrophil count can drop to zero, and neutropenic nadir may last for 3–5 days. This is a rare disease, and there are few reports of abdominal surgery in cyclic neutropenia patients; thus, we report this case of neutrophil count fluctuation and perioperative management.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old man with cyclic neutropenia was transferred to our hospital complaining of right season rib pain, but no rebound tenderness. His C-reactive protein was elevated (4.37 mg/L) and computed tomography revealed a large number of small stones in the gallbladder body and an incarceration in the gallbladder neck. He was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. Ideally, surgical intervention should have been performed immediately, but because his neutrophil count was 300/μL, endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage was performed and he was provided antibiotics until his neutrophil count increased to acceptable levels. Three days after admission, his neutrophil count had increased and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. For one week after the operation, antibiotics were administered; he had an uneventful postoperative recovery. He was discharged on the seventh postoperative day and provided an oral antibiotic.

Conclusions
Infection can be serious in patients with cyclic neutropenia, and it is therefore, important to determine the timing of surgery and to apply appropriate perioperative management with drainage and antibiotic administration.
Automated synthesis of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/ -7.3: results, quality control and experience from more than 200 routine productions
Authors: Wurzer Alexander , Di Carlo Daniel , Herz Michael , Richter Antonia , Robu Stephanie , Schirrmacher Ralf , Mascarin Alba , Weber Wolfgang , Eiber Matthias , Schwaiger Markus , Wester Hans-Juergen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted ligand [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7 has previously been clinically assessed and demonstrated promising results for PET-imaging of prostate cancer. The ligand is present as a mixture of four stereoisomers ([18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.1, − 7.2, − 7.3 and − 7.4) and after a preclinical isomer selection process, [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3 has entered formal clinical trials. Here we report on the establishment of a fully automated production process for large-scale production of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/ -7.3 under GMP conditions (EudraLex).

Methods
[18F]Fluoride in highly enriched [18O]H2O was retained on a strong anion exchange cartridge, rinsed with anhydrous acetonitrile and subsequently eluted with a solution of [K+ ⊂ 2.2.2]OH− in anhydrous acetonitrile into a reactor containing Ga-rhPSMA ligand and oxalic acid in DMSO. 18F-for-19F isotopic exchange at the Silicon-Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) was performed at room temperature, followed by dilution with buffer and cartridge-based purification. Optimum process parameters were determined on the laboratory scale and thereafter implemented into an automated synthesis. Data for radiochemical yield (RCY), purity and quality control were analyzed for 243 clinical productions (160 for [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7; 83 for [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3).

Results
The automated production of [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7 and the single isomer [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7.3 is completed in approx. 16 min with an average RCY of 49.2 ± 8.6% and an excellent reliability of 98.8%. Based on the different starting activities (range: 31–130 GBq, 89 ± 14 GBq) an average molar activity of 291 ± 62 GBq/μmol (range: 50–450 GBq/μmol) was reached for labeling of 150 nmol (231 μg) precursor. Radiochemical purity, as measured by radio-high performance liquid chromatography and radio-thin layer chromatography, was 99.9 ± 0.2% and 97.8 ± 1.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
This investigation demonstrates that 18F-for-19F isotopic exchange is well suited for the fast, efficient and reliable automated routine production of 18F-labeled PSMA-targeted ligands. Due to its simplicity, speed and robustness the development of further SiFA-based radiopharmaceuticals is highly promising and can be of far-reaching importance for future theranostic concepts.
Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: Molecular and Clinical Characterization of TNXA/TNXB Chimeras in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Marino Roxana , Garrido Natalia Perez , Ramirez Pablo , Notaristéfano Guillermo , Moresco Angélica , Touzon Maria Sol , Vaiani Elisa , Finkielstain Gabriela , Obregón María Gabriela , Balbi Viviana , Soria Ianina , Belgorosky Alicia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
The syndrome CAH-X is due to a contiguous gene deletion of CYP21A2 and TNXB resulting in TNXA/TNXB chimeras.

Objective
To analyze TNXB gene status and to clinically evaluate the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome phenotype in a large cohort of Argentine congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients to assess the prevalence of this condition in our population.

Methods
TNXB gene analysis was performed in 66 nonrelated CAH patients that were carriers of the CYP21A2 gene deletion. A molecular strategy based on multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification and Sanger sequencing analysis was developed allowing for the detection of different, previously described TNXA/TNXB chimeras, named CH1, CH2, and CH3. The main outcome measures were TNXB status of CAH patients that were carriers of the CYP21A2 deletion in the homozygous or heterozygous state.

Results
TNXA/TNXB CH1 was found in 41%, CH2 in 29%, and CH3 in 1% of nonrelated alleles carrying the CYP21A2 deletion. Thus, overall 71% of alleles were found to carry a contiguous gene deletion. Sixty-seven percent of patients analyzed had a monoallelic form and 6% a biallelic form. All patients with the biallelic form had severe skin hyperextensibility and generalized joint hypermobility.

Conclusion
Based on the high frequency of TNXB alterations found in CYP21A2 deletion carrier alleles, we recommend evaluating TNXB status in these patients, and assessing connective tissue dysplasia, including cardiologic alterations in positive cases. The number of patients undergoing cardiological evaluation should be expanded to determine the incidence of structural and functional abnormalities in this cohort.
Genetic Profiling of Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy
Authors: Rotondo Dottore Giovanna , Bucci Ilaria , Lanzolla Giulia , Dallan Iacopo , Sframeli Angela , Torregrossa Liborio , Casini Giamberto , Basolo Fulvio , Figus Michele , Nardi Marco , Marcocci Claudio , Marinò Michele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that persists when immunosuppression is achieved. Orbital fibroblasts from GO patients display peculiar phenotypes even if not exposed to autoimmunity, possibly reflecting genetic or epigenetic mechanisms, which we investigated here.

Objective
We aimed to explore potential genetic or epigenetic differences using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from GO and control patients.

Methods
Cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion, and HA synthases (HAS) were measured. Next-generation sequencing and gene expression analysis of the whole genome were performed, as well as real-time-PCR of selected genes and global DNA methylation assay on orbital fibroblasts from 6 patients with GO and 6 control patients from a referral center.

Results
Cell proliferation was higher in GO than in control fibroblasts. Likewise, HA in the cell medium was higher in GO fibroblasts. HAS-1 and HAS-2 did not differ between GO and control fibroblasts, whereas HAS-3 was more expressed in GO fibroblasts. No relevant gene variants were detected by whole-genome sequencing. However, 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed in GO compared with control fibroblasts, and RT-PCR confirmed the findings in 10 selected genes. We postulated that the differential gene expression was related to an epigenetic mechanism, reflecting diverse DNA methylation, which we therefore measured. In support of our hypothesis, global DNA methylation was significantly higher in GO fibroblasts.

Conclusions
We propose that, following an autoimmune insult, DNA methylation elicits differential gene expression and sustains the maintenance of GO.