bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from kissing papillary muscles
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Akrawinthawong Krittapoom 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVery thick left ventricular papillary muscles (PAMs) may kiss each other and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can originate from the sides of the PAMs facing each other. In such a setting, mapping of those PVCs is confusing and rendering catheter ablation challenging.
Phase‐Controllable Synthesis of Multifunctional 1T‐MoSe2 Nanostructures: Applications in Lithium‐Ion Batteries, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, and the Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Ling Min , Jiang Binbin , Cao Xi , Wu Tao , Cheng Yuansheng , Zeng Peiyuan , Zhang Liang , Cheong Weng‐Chon Max , Wu Konglin , Huang Aijian , Wei Xianwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an important regulatory method, the phase engineering strategy is widely used to develop functional materials with desired properties. Herein, we combine a solvothermal method with post‐annealing treatment to controllably synthesize multifunctional MoSe2 flower‐like nanostructures (FNSs) in different crystal phases. Based on the different phases of MoSe2 FNSs, we systematically investigate their performance in lithium‐ion storage, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the hydrogenation of nitrophenol. The results show that 1T‐MoSe2 FNSs possess superior performance in lithium‐ion batteries, HER, and hydrogenation of PNP compared with 2H‐MoSe2 FNSs. Moreover, density functional theory calculations reveal that 1T‐MoSe2 FNSs exhibits a higher chemisorption energy than that of 2H‐MoSe2 FNSs, which is beneficial for the improvement of the lithium‐ion storage capacity. This work provides an effective way to develop functional materials based on phase engineering.
Multi‐Enzyme‐Modified Bioanode Utilising Starch as a Fuel
Authors: Toda Rurika , Tatara Ryoichi , Horiba Tatsuo , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is an invited contribution from the Shinichi Komaba group at the Tokyo University of Science. The cover picture shows a cascading reaction occurring at the multi‐enzyme‐modified bioanode, decomposing starch molecules to glucose, followed by glucose oxidation. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202100843.
A Novel Route for the Easy Production of Thermochromic VO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Santos Antonio J. , Escanciano Marta , Suárez‐Llorens Alfonso , Pilar Yeste M. , Morales Francisco M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, a simple, fast and dry method for the fabrication of a thermochromic product with a high load of VO2(M1) consisting of the controlled heat treatment of pure vanadium nanoparticles in air is presented. After a complete design of experiments, it is concluded that the most direct way to attain the maximum transformation of V into VO2(M1) consists of one cycle with a fast heating ramp of 42 °C s−1, followed by keeping 700 °C for 530–600 seconds, and a subsequent cooling at 0.05 °C s−1. Careful examination of these results lead to a second optimum, even more suitable for industrial production (quicker and less energy‐intensive because of its lower temperatures and shorter times), consisting of subjecting V to two consecutive cycles of temperatures and times (625 °C for 5 minutes) with similar preheating (42 °C s−1) but a much faster postcooling (∼ 8 °C s−1). These green reactions only use the power for heating a tube open to atmosphere and a vanadium precursor; without assistance of reactive gases or catalysts, and no special vacuum or pressure requirements. The best products present similar thermochromic properties but higher thermal stability than commercial VO2 particles. These methods can be combined with VO2 doping.
N‐Amino‐1,8‐Naphthalimide is a Regenerated Protecting Group for Selective Synthesis of Mono‐N‐Substituted Hydrazines and Hydrazides
Authors: Manoj Kumar Mesram , Venkataramana Parikibanda , Yadagiri Swamy Parikibanda , Chityala Yadaiah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new route to synthesis of various mono‐N‐substituted hydrazines and hydrazides by involving in a new C−N bond formation by usingN‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide as a regenerated precursor was invented. Aniline and phenylhydrazines are reproduced upon reacting these individually with 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride followed by hydrazinolysis. The practicality and simplicity of this C−N dihalo alkanes; developed a synthon for bond formation protocol was exemplified to various hydrazines and hydrazides.N‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide is suitable synthon for transformation for selective formation of mono‐substituted hydrazine and hydrazide derivatives. Those are selective mono‐amidation of hydrazine with acid halides; mono‐N‐substituted hydrazones from aldehydes; synthesis of N‐aminoazacycloalkanes from acetohydrazide scaffold and inserted to hydroxy derivatives; distinct synthesis ofN,N‐dibenzylhydrazines andN‐benzylhydrazines from benzyl halides; synthesis ofN‐amino‐amino acids from α‐halo esters. Ecofriendly reagentN‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide was regenerated with good yields by the hydrazinolysis in all procedures.
Prenatal PM2.5 affects atopic dermatitis depending on maternal anxiety and gender: COCOA study
Authors: Kim Sangrok , Yang Song‐I , Lim Hyeyeun , Lee So‐Yeon , Park Min Jee , Song Kun‐Baek , Choi Eom Ji , Oh Hea Young , Kim Hwan‐Cheol , Shin Yee‐Jin , Lee Kyung‐Sook , Choi Kil Yong , Suh Dong In , Shin Youn Ho , Kim Kyung Won , Ahn Kangmo , Hong Soo‐Jong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is increasing worldwide. Prenatal particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and maternal anxiety during pregnancy has been suggested as a potential causes of AD. This study investigated the effects of prenatal PM2.5 and maternal anxiety on AD and identified the critical period of PM2.5 exposure for AD in infants.MethodsThis study included 802 children from the COCOA birth cohort study with follow‐up data at 1 year of age. PM2.5 was estimated by land‐use regression models and prenatal anxiety was measured with a questionnaire. AD was diagnosed by doctor at 1 year of age. Logistic regression analysis and Bayesian distributed lag interaction models were applied.ResultsHigher PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy, higher prenatal maternal anxiety, and male gender were associated with AD at 1 year of age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86 [1.08–3.19], 1.58 [1.01–2.47], and 1.54 [1.01–2.36], respectively). Higher PM2.5 during the first trimester and higher maternal anxiety during pregnancy showed an additive effect on the risk of AD (aOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.56–6.28). Among boys exposed to higher maternal anxiety during pregnancy, gestational weeks 5–8 were the critical period of PM2.5 exposure for the development of AD.ConclusionsHigher PM2.5 exposure during gestational weeks 5–8 increased the probability of AD in infancy, especially in boys with higher maternal anxiety. Avoiding PM2.5 exposure and maternal anxiety from the first trimester may prevent infant AD.
Lymph node FNA cytology: Diagnostic performance and clinical implications of proposed diagnostic categories
Authors: Makarenko Vladislav V. , DeLelys Michelle E. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Ly Amy 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDespite widespread clinical use, lymph node fine‐needle aspiration cytology (LN‐FNAC) lacks universal acceptance for definitively diagnosing lymphomas. This is likely due to reports of lower diagnostic performance, inconsistent terminology use in cytopathology diagnostic reports, and only limited data on the clinical implications of LN‐FNAC diagnoses. Recently, a uniform LN‐FNAC cytopathological diagnostic reporting system was proposed (the Sydney System). This study evaluated LN‐FNAC diagnostic performance and risks of malignancy associated with the proposed diagnostic categories.MethodsLN‐FNAC specimens obtained in 2018‐2019, with and without concurrent core biopsy, to evaluate for suspected lymphoma were analyzed (n = 349). LN‐FNAC diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses obtained via subsequent tissue biopsy and/or clinical assessment.ResultsThe mean patient age was 57.6 years, and 41% were female. LN‐FNAC was the initial diagnostic test in 223 (63.9%), and it was used to evaluate for recurrence in 126 (36.1%). LN‐FNAC diagnosed 202 hematological malignancies (57.9%), 23 nonhematological malignancies (6.6%), and 124 reactive processes (35.5%). Subsequent tissue biopsy was performed in 42 (12%). The risks of malignancy per diagnostic category were as follows: inadequate, 58.3%; benign, 6.4%; atypical, 69.2%; suspicious, 96.7%; and malignant, 99.3%. LN‐FNAC demonstrated up to 96.3% sensitivity, 91.91% specificity, and 87.35% accuracy. Optimal specimen quality and the use of intradepartmental consultation reduced diagnostic error rates in FNA cases without concurrent core biopsy (P = .029 and P = .0002 respectively).ConclusionsLN‐FNAC is accurate and reliable for the diagnosis of lymphoma. Inadequate LN‐FNAC samples should be resampled due to a significant associated risk of lymphoma. The diagnostic performance of LN‐FNAC may be improved with good specimen quality and reviews by multiple pathologists. Understanding the risks of malignancy associated with LN‐FNAC diagnostic categories will help to guide optimal patient management.
Appearance synthesis of fluorescent objects with mutual illumination effects
Authors: Tominaga Shoji , Guarnera Giuseppe Claudio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose an approach for the appearance synthesis of objects with matte surfaces made of arbitrary fluorescent materials, accounting for mutual illumination. We solve the problem of rendering realistic scene appearances of objects placed close to each other under different conditions of uniform illumination, viewing direction, and shape, relying on standard physically based rendering and knowledge of the three‐dimensional shape and bispectral data of scene objects. The appearance synthesis model suggests that the overall appearance is decomposed into five components, each of which is expanded into a multiplication of spectral functions and shading terms. We show that only two shading terms are required, related to (a) diffuse reflection by direct illumination and (b) interreflection between two matte surfaces. The Mitsuba renderer is used to estimate the reflection components based on the underlying Monte Carlo simulation. The spectral computation of the fluorescent component is performed over a broad wavelength range, including ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. We also address a method for compensating for the difference between the simulated and real images. Experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed appearance synthesis approach. The accuracy of the proposed approach was experimentally confirmed using objects with different shapes and fluorescence in the presence of complex mutual illumination effects.
duf: Dynamic uncore frequency scaling to reduce power consumption
Authors: André Étienne , Dulong Rémi , Guermouche Amina , Trahay François 
Published: October 2021

SummaryReducing the power consumption of applications has become one of the key challenges in high‐performance computing. Recent processor architectures differentiate processor core frequency from its uncore frequency. As a consequence, in addition to tuning processor core frequency with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, power consumption can also be controlled through uncore frequency scaling. This article studies how the uncore frequency can be used as a leverage to improve power consumption. We propose duf, a daemon process that dynamically adapts the uncore frequency to reduce an application power consumption with a user‐defined limit on performance degradation. The evaluation of duf on three different architectures shows that with no performance degradation (<0.6%), duf can reduce socket power consumption by 7.94%. We also show that duf is able to reduce the total energy consumption by up to 18.20%.
Are the N‐demethylated metabolites of U‐47700 more active than their parent compound? In vitro μ‐opioid receptor activation of N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700 and N,N‐bisdesmethyl‐U‐47700
Authors: Nordmeier Frederike , Cannaert Annelies , Stove Christophe P. , Schmidt Peter H. , Meyer Markus R. , Schaefer Nadine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies on the tissue distribution of the new synthetic opioid U‐47700 and its main metabolite N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700 revealed about sixfold higher metabolite concentrations in pig brain as compared with the parent compound. To better assess the toxic potential of this drug, the aim of this study was to assess the in vitro μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) activation potential of the main metabolites of U‐47700, N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700, and N,N‐bisdesmethyl‐U‐47700, using a live cell‐based reporter assay based on NanoLuc Binary Technology®. Cells stably expressing human MOR and β‐arrestin 2 (βarr2), each fused via a flexible linker to two complementary inactive subunits of the nanoluciferase, were seeded on poly‐d‐lysine‐coated 96‐well plates and treated with N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700, N,N‐bisdesmethyl‐U‐47700, U‐47700, or hydromorphone as reference standard. MOR activation results in functional complementation of the nanoluciferase, which can be assessed via luminescence monitoring. The potency of the metabolites is lower than that of U‐47700 (EC50 of 186 nM for U‐47700, 3770 nM for N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700, and >5 μM for N,N‐bisdesmethyl‐U‐47700). The maximal efficacy (Emax) observed (relative to hydromorphone, set arbitrarily at 100%) decreased from 183% to 127% and 39.2% for U‐47700, N‐desmethyl‐U‐47700, and N,N‐bisdesmethyl‐U‐47700, respectively. Thus, the loss of one or two methyl groups reduced the MOR activation potential, which was more pronounced if both methyl groups were removed. It is thus anticipated that the impact on MOR exerted by the higher metabolite concentration in brain has only little—if any relevance for the strong toxic effects of U‐47700.
The founder sociality hypothesis
Authors: Brooks James , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this review, we propose that the social dynamics of founder populations in novel and newly available environments can have critical effects in shaping species' sociality and can produce long‐lasting changes in social structure and behavior. For founder populations which expand into an underexploited niche separated from the parent population, the necessity of bond formation with strangers, lack of clear territories, and initial abundance of resources can lead to altered initial social dynamics to which subsequent generations adapt. We call this the founder sociality hypothesis. After specifying the theoretical reasoning and mechanism of effect, we focus on three particular cases where the social dynamics of founder populations may have a central role in explaining their modern behavioral ecology. In particular, we develop and review evidence for three predictions of the founder sociality hypothesis in territorial, mixed‐sex group forming species: relatively stronger social bonds in the dispersing sex with relatively weaker bonds in the nondispersing sex, reduced territoriality, and increased social tolerance. We briefly touch on the implications for human evolution given our species' evolutionary history marked by frequent expansion and adaptation to novel environments. We conclude by proposing several experiments and models with testable predictions following from the founder sociality hypothesis.
MALT1 protease function in regulatory T cells induces MYC activity to promote mitochondrial function and cellular expansion
Authors: Rosenbaum Marc , Schnalzger Theresa , Engleitner Thomas , Weiß Christin , Mishra Ritu , Mibus Cora , Mitterer Theresa , Rad Roland , Ruland Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the inhibition of immunity and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Signals from the T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) are critical for early Treg development, their expansion, and inhibitory activity. Although TCR‐engaged activation of the paracaspase MALT1 is important for these Treg activities, the MALT1 effector pathways in Tregs remain ill‐defined. Here, we demonstrate that MALT1 protease activity controls the TCR‐induced upregulation of the transcription factor MYC and the subsequent expression of MYC target genes in Tregs. These mechanisms are important for Treg‐intrinsic mitochondrial function, optimal respiratory capacity, and homeostatic Treg proliferation. Consistently, conditional deletion of Myc in Tregs results similar to MALT1 inactivation in a lethal autoimmune inflammatory syndrome. Together, these results identify a MALT1 protease‐mediated link between TCR signaling in Tregs and MYC control that coordinates metabolism and Treg expansion for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
C2‐(1 N/2 N‐Methyl‐tetrazole)methyl Ether (MeTetMe) as a Stereodirecting Group for 1,2‐trans‐β‐O‐Glycosylation
Authors: Rahaman Molla Mosidur , Thakur Rima 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDevelopment of stereoselective synthetic methods for O‐glycosides is of paramount importance in the field of glycochemistry. Therefore, we report herein (1 N/2 N)‐methylated tetrazole methyl (MeTetMe) ethers as a C2‐directing group for the formation of 1,2‐trans‐β‐O‐glycosides. The synthesis of the tetrazole moiety was readily achieved by a 3+2 cycloaddition reaction on nitrile functionality. The tethered thioglycoside donors were found to deliver the β‐O‐glycosides when activated by PIFA‐TfOH reagent system. The reactions were performed with six newly synthesized phenyl and ethyl thioglycosides to obtain the glycosylated adducts in moderate to high yields and excellent to exclusive β‐selectivity. The glycosylation method was easily scalable up to grams without affecting the yield and stereoselectivity. The MeTetMe group was efficiently removed under Birch reduction conditions without affecting the benzyl ethers or isopropylidene acetal protection.
Solvent‐Free Glycosylation from per‐O‐Acylated Donors Catalyzed by Methanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Traboni Serena , Bedini Emiliano , Silipo Alba , Vessella Giulia , Iadonisi Alfonso 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe huge importance of carbohydrates and their derivatives in biomedical and industrial applications call for the development of streamlined and sustainable procedures for their synthetic elaboration. Here reported a novel glycosylation method based on direct activation of readily available per‐O‐acylated (acetylated or benzoylated) donors, promoted under air by methanesulfonic acid as a cheap and green catalyst in the absence of any solvent. Besides the beneficial avoidance of toxic and polluting organic solvents, these conditions were found critical for activating such poorly reactive donors with a very small catalyst loading (only 5 mol %), instead of stoichiometric Lewis acid promoters typically employed. Desired glycosides were quickly obtained, in most cases with high 1,2‐transstereoselectivity. Other main advantages over reported glycosylations with similar donors are the limited stoichiometric excess of the acceptor (or the donor), the easy applicability and low cost of the procedure and the wide target scope, also covering the synthesis of disaccharides and other non‐trivial glycosides with applicable potential.
Maleimides in Directing‐Group‐Controlled Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Selective C−H Alkylation
Authors: Liu Shuang‐Liang , Shi Yajun , Xue Cong , Zhang Liming , Zhou Liming , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaleimides and succinimides are all vital scaffolds in biological fields and various natural products. Maleimide derivatives have been extensively used as coupling partners for various organic transformations, affording a broad array of important molecular architectures including succinimides. In the past decade, a variety of efficient chelation‐assisted strategies have been employed for the selective addition of C−H bonds to maleimides giving succinimides, which are also highly important building blocks in organic synthesis. This Review provides an overview of research progress relating to maleimides participated transition‐metal‐catalyzed group‐directed C−H alkylation from 2012 to 2021. Significant advances in this field were highlighted, diverse transition metal catalysts, organic substrates contained different directing groups, reaction mechanisms as well as synthetic applications are systematically discussed. In addition, the limitations and intractable issues need to be solved in the future are also pointed out.
Generalizing across behavior settings can make attitudes toward social groups more extreme in the absence of new information
Authors: Decker Kaleigh A. , Lord Charles G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research has shown that attitudes can become more extreme through mere thought. The present studies tested whether one specific type of thought—generalizing about a group's traits across settings—makes attitudes toward the group more extreme. We gave participants in four experiments initial information about (fictitious) foreign groups who wanted to enter the United States. The initial information concerned traits the group displayed in a specific type of setting. Participants thought it highly likely the group's traits would generalize across settings. Compared to reviewing the information given, generalizing made both negative (Experiment 1) and positive (Experiment 2) attitudes and behavioral intentions more extreme, regardless of the initial or generalized setting (Experiment 3). Individual differences in correspondence bias moderated the effects of generalizing versus reviewing on attitudes and behavioral intentions (Experiment 4). The current findings offer novel insights into how a specific type of thought can make attitudes more extreme.
Single bubble in‐tube microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jeong Sunkyung , Noulorsaytour Xamyo , Valdez Joseph E. , Chung Doo Soo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeadspace (HS) extraction is a sample pretreatment technique for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in a complex matrix. Recently, in‐tube microextraction (ITME) coupled with CE using an acceptor plug placed in the capillary inlet was developed as a simple but powerful HS extraction method. Here, we present single bubble (SB) ITME using a bubble hanging to the capillary inlet immersed in a sample donor solution as a HS of submicroliter volume (∼200 nL). The analytes evaporated to the bubble were extracted into the acceptor phase through the capillary opening, then electrophoresis of the enriched extract was carried out. Since the bubble volume was much smaller than a conventional HS volume (∼1 mL), it was filled with the evaporated analytes rapidly and the analytes could be enriched much faster compared to conventional HS‐ITME. Owing to the high surface‐to‐volume ratio of the SB, 5 min SB‐ITME yielded the enrichment factor values similar to those of 10 min HS‐ITME. When 5 min SB‐ITME at room temperature was applied to a tap water sample, the enrichment factors of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,3,6‐TCP, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol were 53, 41, and 60, respectively, and the LOQs obtained by monitoring the absorbance at 214 nm were 5.6–8.3 ppb, much lower than 200 ppb, the World Health Organization guideline for the maximum permissible concentration of 2,4,6‐TCP in drinking water.