bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Implementation, and User Evaluation of COVID-19 Dashboard in a Third-Level Hospital in Iran
Authors: Fazaeli Somayeh , Khodaveisi Taleb , Vakilzadeh Ali Khorsand , Yousefi Mehdi , Ariafar Atousa , Shokoohizadeh Mohsen , Mohammad-Pour Saeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction The implementation of a dashboard enables managers to make informed and evidence-based decisions through data visualization and graphical presentation of information. This study aimed to design and implement a COVID-19 management dashboard in a third-level hospital in Mashhad, Iran.
Materials and Methods This descriptive developmental applied study was conducted in the second half of 2020 in three stages, using user-centered design methodology in four phases: (1) specification of the application context, (2) specification of requirements, (3) creation of design solutions, and (4) evaluation of designs. Data collection in each phase was performed through holding group discussions with the main users, nominal group techniques, interviews, and questioners. The dashboard prototype for the data display was designed using the Power BI Desktop software. Subsequently, users' comments were obtained using the focus group method and included in the dashboard.
Results In total, 25 indicators related to input, process, and output areas were identified based on the findings of the first stage. Moreover, eight items were introduced by participants as dashboard requirements. The dashboard was developed based on users' feedback and suggestions, such as the use of colors, reception of periodic and specific reports based on key performance indicators, and rearrangement of the components visible on the page. The result of the user satisfaction survey indicated their satisfaction with the developed dashboard.
Conclusion The selection of proper criteria for the implementation of an effective dashboard is critical for the health care organization since they are designed with a high-tech and content-based environment. The dashboard in the present study was a successful combination of clinical and managerial indicators. Future studies should focus on the design and development of dashboards, as well as benchmarking by using data from several hospitals.
2.1 Introduction to CuAAC
Authors: Ort F. F. , Rutjes F. P. J. T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe basic principles of the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), widely considered to be the first click reaction, are described. This involves amongst others the concept of click reactions, the mechanism of CuAAC, the synthesis and reactivity of organic azides and acetylenes, an overview of most commonly used copper(I) catalysts and ligands, the properties of 1,2,3-triazoles and their resemblance to amides, and a general overview of the scope and limitations of this reaction.
7 Tetrazine-Based Cycloadditions in Click Chemistry
Authors: Kuba W. , Wilkovitsch M. , Carlson J. C. T. , Mikula H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe spontaneous cycloaddition of tetrazines with a number of different dienophiles has become a powerful tool in chemical biology, in particular for the biocompatible conjugation and modification of (bio)molecules. The exceptional reaction kinetics made these bioorthogonal ligations the methods of choice for time-critical processes at very low concentrations, facilitating controlled molecular transformations in complex environments and even in vivo. The emerging concept of bond-cleavage reactions triggered by tetrazine-based cycloadditions enabled the design of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The tetrazine-triggered activation of prodrugs represents the first bioorthogonal reaction performed in humans, marking the beginning of the era of clinical translation of bioorthogonal chemistry. This chapter provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of tetrazines, their cycloadditions with various dienophiles, and transformations triggered by these reactions, focusing on reaction mechanisms, kinetics and efficiency, and selected applications.
Nationwide assessment of the mental health of UK Doctoral Researchers
Authors: Hazell Cassie M. , Niven Jeremy E. , Chapman Laura , Roberts Paul E. , Cartwright-Hatton Sam , Valeix Sophie , Berry Clio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoctoral Researchers (DRs) are an important part of the academic community and, after graduating, make substantial social and economic contributions. Despite this importance, DR wellbeing has long been of concern. Recent studies have concluded that DRs may be particularly vulnerable to mental health problems, yet direct comparisons of the prevalence of mental health problems between this population and control groups are lacking. Here, by comparing DRs with educated working controls, we show that DRs report significantly greater anxiety and depression, and that this difference is not explained by a higher rate of pre-existing mental health problems. Moreover, most DRs perceive poor mental health as a ‘normal’ part of the PhD process. Thus, our findings suggest a hazardous impact of PhD study on mental health, with DRs being particularly at risk of developing common mental health problems. This provides an evidence-based mandate for universities and funders to reflect upon practices related to DR training and mental health. Our attention should now be directed towards understanding what factors may explain heightened anxiety and depression among DRs so as to inform preventative measures and interventions.
Iron-oxide-identifying imaging method based on a wide-energy neutron beam for corrosion inspection in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Tian Binbin , Wang Sheng , Jing Hantao , Yan Mingfei , Gao Xiaolong , Yang Xiaoyun 
Published: December 2021

To prevent potential hazards caused by steel corrosion, there is an increase in demand for non-destructive inspection or monitoring of reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete structures. In this study, an iron-oxide-identifying imaging method is proposed that is based on a neutron resonance transmission imaging technique. According to the correlation analysis of the resonance characteristics of iron and oxygen and the elemental fractions, the iron oxides in the corroded reinforced concrete samples were accurately identified and mapped. The volume identification limit of the rust layer was further analyzed, and it is close to 0.1 mm. For the resonance energies of nuclides Fe-56 and O-16 in the tens and hundreds of keV range, the intensity of neutrons at the corresponding energy is only lower about three orders of magnitude after passing through a 40-cm-thick concrete block. The iron-oxide-identifying imaging method could also obtain a clear image of the iron-oxide distribution inside the 20-cm-thick corroded reinforced concrete sample.
A time-resolved imaging system for the diagnosis of x-ray self-emission in high energy density physics experiments
Authors: Halliday Jack W. D. , Bland Simon N. , Hare Jack. D. , Parker Susan , Suttle Lee G. , Russell Danny R. , Lebedev Sergey V. 
Published: December 2021

A diagnostic capable of recording spatially and temporally resolved x-ray self-emission data was developed to characterize experiments on the MAGPIE pulsed-power generator. The diagnostic used two separate imaging systems: a pinhole imaging system with two-dimensional spatial resolution and a slit imaging system with one-dimensional spatial resolution. The two-dimensional imaging system imaged light onto the image plate. The one-dimensional imaging system imaged light onto the same piece of image plate and a linear array of silicon photodiodes. This design allowed the cross-comparison of different images, allowing a picture of the spatial and temporal distribution of x-ray self-emission to be established. The design was tested in a series of pulsed-power-driven magnetic-reconnection experiments.
Growth of young cattle grazing high-moisture winter forages in a temperate environment was not affected by access to drinking water
Authors: Banchero G. , Clariget J. , La Manna A. , Watt L. J. , Milton J. T. B. , Fernandez E. , Zarza R. , Baldi F. , Thomas D. T. 
Published: December 2021

Context Early sown, annual ryegrass pastures and winter crops provide a high-quality feed for livestock and also have a high water content during autumn and early winter compared with typical temperate pastures. Aim We hypothesised that beef cattle grazing annual ryegrass or forage oats would not need additional access to drinking water to maintain their intake and growth. Methods In Experiment 1, 48 weaned, castrated male Hereford calves with liveweight 154 kg (±6.7 kg; s.d.) grazed Italian ryegrass at a daily allowance of 4.5 kg dry matter (DM)/100 kg liveweight in two treatments including with or without access to drinking water. In Experiment 2, 60 Hereford steers with liveweight 382 kg (±20.6 kg; s.d.) were offered a daily allowance of 5 kg DM/100 kg liveweight of forage oats in a 2 × 2 factorial design either with or without access to drinking water and with or without sorghum grain silage supplemented at 1% of liveweight. The experiments were analysed as a completely randomised design, with individual pasture plots as the experimental unit. Key results Daily growth rates of calves in the two treatments were similar (P > 0.05); however, calves with access to drinking water consumed 60% more water than did the calves without drinking water (P < 0.001). Access to drinking water had no effect (P > 0.05) on the daily growth rate of steers (P > 0.05); however, the daily growth rate of supplemented steers was 9% higher than that of the unsupplemented steers (P < 0.05). Total water intake was affected by access to drinking water (P < 0.005) but not access to supplementation (P > 0.05). Conclusions Both calves and steers derived no production benefits by having access to drinking water when grazing actively growing annual ryegrass pasture or forage oats. Nevertheless, livestock should be monitored closely so that appropriate interventions can be made if there are changes in the pasture availability or weather. Implications Grazing early sown winter forages by livestock can help circumvent the autumn–winter feed gap and these forages can be utilised more cost-effectively by not having to provide drinking water when the DM content is low.
LinearTurboFold: Linear-time global prediction of conserved structures for RNA homologs with applications to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Sizhen , Zhang He , Zhang Liang , Liu Kaibo , Liu Boxiang , Mathews David H. , Huang Liang 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Conserved RNA structures are critical for designing diagnostic and therapeutic tools for many diseases including COVID-19. However, existing algorithms are much too slow to model the global structures of full-length RNA viral genomes. We present LinearTurboFold, a linear-time algorithm that is orders of magnitude faster, making it, to our knowledge, the first method to simultaneously fold and align whole genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the longest known RNA virus (∼30 kb). Our work enables unprecedented global structural analysis and captures long-range interactions that are out of reach for existing algorithms but crucial for RNA functions. LinearTurboFold is a general technique for full-length genome studies and can help fight the current and future pandemics.
A cross-linguistic study of emphatic negative coordination
Authors: Salaberri Iker 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-linguistic analysis of so-called emphatic negative coordination (enc). This kind of clause linkage is illustrated byneitherandnorinShe neither could nor would speak lightly of the accident. On the basis of a 250-language sample, the paper lays out a new typology ofencmeant to gain novel insights. It is shown that languages can combineenctypes, and that contact and borrowing are relevant triggers for the emergence of this sort of clause linkage. The article also reveals that there is considerable variety in the etymological sources and grammaticalization paths ofencmarkers.
Boosted ultraviolet photodetection of AlGaN quantum-disk nanowires via rational surface passivation
Authors: Huang Chen , Liang Fangzhou , Yu Huabin , Tian Meng , Zhang Haochen , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S , Sun Haiding 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-assembled AlGaN nanowires (NWs) are regarded as promising structures in the pursuit of ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs). However, AlGaN NW-based PDs currently suffer from degraded performance partially due to the existence of outstanding surface-related defects/traps as a result of their large surface-to-volume-ratio. Here, we propose an effective passivation approach to suppress such surface states via tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution treatment. We successfully demonstrate the fabrication of UV PDs using TMAH-passivated AlGaN quantum-disk NWs and investigate their optical and electrical properties. In particular, the dark current can be significantly reduced by an order of magnitude after surface passivation, thus leading to the improvement of photoresponsivity and detectivity. The underlying mechanism for such a boost can be ascribed to the effective elimination of oxygen-related surface states on the NW surface. Consequently, an AlGaN NW UV PD with a low dark current of 6.22 × 10−9 A, a large responsivity of 0.95 A W−1, and a high detectivity of 6.4 × 1011 Jones has been achieved.
Measurement and interpretation of electrical signals in transient electrical discharges*
Authors: Bilbao Luis , Rodríguez Prieto Gonzalo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electrical discharges in experiments like Exploding Wire, Plasma Focus, or Z-pinch, involve regions where strong transient electrical currents generates magnetic flux variations within the limits of experiment and diagnostics regions. Due to different experimental conditions, time duration of the transient phase may vary from negligible to play an important role in the explanation of the measured signal of the experiment, in which case Faraday’s law of induction cannot be neglected when analyzing the electrical signals. In this work the effects of circuit modeling taking into account Faraday’s law will be discussed for the exploding wire experiment in a more detailed way than previous works.
Effect of density fluctuations on gravitational wave production in first-order phase transitions
Authors: Jinno Ryusuke , Konstandin Thomas , Rubira Henrique , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the effect of density perturbations on the process of first-order phase transitions and gravitational wave production in the early Universe. We are mainly interested in how the distribution of nucleated bubbles is affected by fluctuations in the local
temperature.
We find that large-scale density fluctuations (H
* < k
* < β) result in a larger effective bubble size at the time of collision, enhancing the produced amplitude of gravitational waves.
The amplitude of the density fluctuations necessary for this enhancement is 𝒫ζ (k
*) ≳ (β/H
*)-2, and therefore the gravitational wave signal from first-order phase transitions with relatively large β/H
* can be
significantly enhanced by this mechanism even for fluctuations with moderate amplitudes.
Cosmological simulations
of number counts
Authors: Lepori Francesca , Adamek Julian , Durrer Ruth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present for the first time the angular power spectra C
ℓ(z,z') for number counts from relativistic
N-body simulations. We use the relativistic N-body code gevolution with its exact integration of lightlike geodesics which include all relativistic scalar contributions to the number counts. We compare our non-perturbative numerical results with the results from class using the hmcode approximation for the non-linear matter power spectrum. We find that this simple description is excellent for both, the density and the convergence.
On the other hand, the current implementation of redshift-space distortions in Boltzmann codes is not accurate.
We also find that the largest contribution to the unequal-redshift power spectra is the cross-correlation of the density and the lensing contribution to the number counts, especially for redshift bins that are far apart. Correlating
the number counts with the convergence map we find that the signal is dominated by the lensing-lensing term when the convergence field redshift is not higher than the number counts one, while it is dominated by the density-lensing term in the opposite case.
In the present study, the issue of galaxy bias is deliberately left aside by considering only unbiased samples of matter particles from the simulations.
Comparison of quantum and classical methods for labels and patterns in Restricted Boltzmann Machines
Authors: Dixit Vivek , Koshka Yaroslav , Aldwairi Tamer , Novotny M.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Classification and data reconstruction using a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is presented. RBM is an energy-based model which assigns low energy values to the configurations of interest. It is a generative model, once trained it can be used to produce samples from the target distribution. The D-Wave 2000Q is a quantum computer which has been used to exploit its quantum effect for machine learning. Bars-and-stripes (BAS) and cybersecurity (ISCX) datasets were used to train RBMs. The weights and biases of trained RBMs were used to map onto the D-Wave. Classification as well as image reconstruction were performed. Classification accuracy of both datasets indicates comparable performance using D-Wave’s adiabatic annealing and classical Gibb’s sampling.
Three dimensional visualization of simulations of liquids and solids
Authors: Adler Joan , Segal Eden , Zeltyn Grisha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Visualization in three dimensions is invaluable for understanding the nature of condensed and fluid systems, but it is not always easy. In nature it is hard to view sample interiors, but on computers it is possible. We describe and contrast two opposite approaches - “smoke” visualization for viewing interiors of liquid samples and interactive WebGL for solids and molecules. Both are extensions of earlier Technion Computational Physics group projects and complement and are interoperable with the recent SimPhoNy Fp7 project. They require only desktop hardware and software accessible to students. Examples and standalone instructions for both are presented, starting with sample creation and concluding with image galleries.
Modeling electron transfer from the barrier in InAs/GaAs quantum dot-well structure
Authors: Filikhin I , Kuzmichev Yu B , Mitic V , Peterson Th. , Vlahovic B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study single electron tunnelling from the barrier in the binary InAs/GaAs quantum structure including quantum well (QW) and quantum dot (QD). The tunneling is described in the terms of localized/delocalized states and their spectral distribution. The modeling is performed by using the phenomenological efective potential approach for InAs/GaAs heterostructures. The results for the two and three-dimensional models are presented. We focus on the efect of QD-QW geometry variations. The relation to the PL experiments is shown.
An Optimal Method for Extracting the Center of Light Stripes
Authors: Pan Shuo , Shao Xinjie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A method for extracting the center of the light stripe to effectively reduce the environmental noise is proposed in this paper. The block matching algorithm is adapted to use the global information in the structured light image to group image blocks with similar light stripe structures. The center coordinates of the light stripe in each group of image blocks are extracted by the gray gravity method, and its average value is used as the final center of light stripes in the similar image block, which reduces the influence of random noise on the accuracy of the extraction algorithm.
A Novel Cultural Algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Shen Ya , Zhang Chen , Bai Xu , Zhang ChongQing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An ameliorative cultural algorithm (CA) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is raised (CA-PSOWOA), so as to conquer the defects of WOA and PSO, such as poor global exploration ability and easy fall into local optimal solution. Firstly, a nonlinear inertia weight strategy is leaded to optimize the PSO and WOA, then CA is introduced to regulate the ability of global exploration and local exploitation of PSO and WOA. By testing on benchmark functions, it is proved that CA-PSOWOA improves the global exploration ability and solution accuracy, and its performance is better than the traditional PSO and WOA, and other algorithms.
Point cloud and BIM model registration based on genetic algorithm and ICP algorithm
Authors: Liu Chun , Guang Meijing , Yu Shanshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of the construction industry, BIM technology, and 3D laser scanning technology are being used more and more widely, and there are many applications of combining BIM technology with 3D laser scanning technology, such as quality inspection, progress inspection, or digital preservation of ancient buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes a 3D point cloud and BIM model registration scheme based on genetic algorithm and ICP algorithm, firstly, the point cloud data is pre-processed by statistical denoising method for denoising and downsampling, and the BIM model data is converted to format data; then the coarse registration is performed by genetic algorithm, and the accurate registration is performed by ICP algorithm based on KD-tree, and finally, we experimentally verify the feasibility of the algorithm in this paper, and compared with the ICP algorithm, the registration efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm in this paper are greatly improved.
Research on multi-label classification method of transformer based on DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering algorithm
Authors: Wang MingYu , Cheng Rui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the improvement of the intelligent level of power grid and the enhancement of the integrated characteristics of power grid, the degree of discretization of massive data of power equipment gradually increases, which brings great challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grid. How to process and analyze data effectively has become an important research content. Transformer is an important electrical equipment, therefore it is of great significance to monitor the operation status of transformer, to construct transformer operation characteristic label system based on multi-source heterogeneous data, and to realize multi-label classification function. In this paper, a transformer multi-label classification method of transformer based on DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering algorithm is proposed, which can accurately identify outliers as Noise without input of the number of clustering to be divided, realize the key feature mining of transformer state, and to realize to provide flexible information association and historical data for dispatch and control operators.