bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Comparison of the Mental Health Status of Patients Seeking Psychiatry Facilities in Prelockdown and Postlockdown Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sharma Devesh , Garg Sunny , Sharma Anchal , Sharma Dinesh Dutt , Sharma Nidhi , Gupta Simran , Sharma Shivam 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim:
The servicing and framework for mental health care accessible to population have been affected during the unprecedented times of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The new and almost exclusive method to maintain a therapeutic alliance with these patients has been the recently evolving telepsychiatry services. The main aim of the study is to assess and compare the mental health status of patients seeking psychiatry facilities in prelockdown and postlockdown period during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This was a ambirespective study which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in a hilly region of North India in which the registered data were analyzed between January 1, 2020 and March 21, 2020 (prelockdown phase) and from May 3, 2020 to September 30, 2020 (postlockdown phase, after the resumption of outpatient department services in the institute), to gather the information of patients about sociodemographic profile and clinical diagnosis on the basis of International Classification of Diseases-10. A total sample size of 1000 patients was included. Chi-square test and Student's t-test were used to compare the patient presentation before and after the lockdown periods.

Results:
Majority of the patients were male (66%) and within 19–60 years of age (85%–90%). The average age of the patients (39.17 years, standard deviation = 14.37) was significantly higher in postlockdown phase. As compared to prelockdown period (499 patients), a significantly (P < 0.001) lower number of patients diagnosed with substance use disorders and a significantly (P < 0.001) higher number of patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders along with anxiety disorders, availed the available psychiatry services in the period of COVID-19 pandemic (501 patients).

Conclusions:
Sudden cessation of the psychiatry services further precipitated the deterioration of mental health of the patients. There is an urgent demand for services to adapt to changing scenarios with emphasis on practical approaches to help the mentally ill people, especially in geographically difficult hilly areas.
Comparison of effects of mydriatic drops (1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide) on anterior segment parameters
Authors: Tasci Yelda Yildiz , Yesilirmak Nilufer , Yuzbasioglu Sema , Ozdas Demet , Temel Berke 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide drops on anterior segment parameters in healthy individuals.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty-eight eyes of 129 healthy volunteers were included in this randomized clinical study. Cyclopentolate 1% drop was applied to 75 (58%) participants (group 1) and tropicamide 0.5% drop was applied to 54 (42%) participants (group 2). Flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, pupil diameter, total pupil offset and intraocular lens (IOL) power were measured before and after drops, using Lenstar 900 optical biometry.

Results:
The increase in CCT, ACD, pupil diameter, and pupil offset was significant in group 1 after the drop (P < 0.05), while the increase in ACD, pupil diameter, and pupil offset was significant in group 2 (P < 0.05). When the two groups were compared, there was no significant difference in K1, K2, CCT, ACD, WTW, pupil diameter, pupil offset, and IOL power (using Sanders–Retzlaff–Kraff T formula) changes after drops (P > 0.05), whereas the change in AL was significant (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The effects of cyclopentolate and tropicamide drops on anterior segment parameters were similar; they did not make significant changes in K1, K2, AL, WTW, and third-generation IOL power calculation. However, ACD values significantly changed after these drops; thus, measuring anterior segment parameters before mydriatic agents should be taken into account particularly for fourth-generation IOL formulas and phakic IOL implantation. The change in pupil offset, which can be important in excimer laser and multifocal IOL applications, was not clinically significant.
Changes in intraocular pressures associated with inhalational and mixed anesthetic agents currently used in ophthalmic surgery
Authors: Senthil Sirisha , Nakka Mamata , Rout Umashankar , Ali Hasnat , Choudhari Nikhil , Badakere Swathi , Garudadri Chandrasekhar 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to measure changes in intraocular pressures (IOPs) associated with inhalational and mixed anesthetic agents currently used for general anesthesia (GA) in ophthalmic surgery.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 48 eyes from 48 consecutive subjects that underwent ophthalmic surgery under GA were included. Mixed anesthetics were used in 26 eyes and sevoflurane in 22 eyes. IOPs of the nonsurgery eyes were recorded at T1 (5 min before induction of anesthesia), T2 (5 min after intubation), and T3 (at the conclusion of surgery before extudation) using ICare PRO and Perkins tonometers. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare differences in IOPs at various time points. Outcome measures were changes in IOP after induction of GA, intubation, and just before extubation and comparisons of decreases in IOPs induced by sevoflurane and mixed anesthetics.

Results:
Mean preanesthesia IOP for patients in this study (mean age ± standard deviation = 26.9 ± 18.3 years; range: 5–70 years) was 17.9 ± 4.9 (range: 10–30) mm Hg. There was a significant decrease in the mean IOP (standard error (SE) (in mm Hg) at T2 (Perkins: –4.65 (0.57); ICare PRO: –5.16 (0.56) and T3 (Perkins: –5.63; ICare PRO: –5.36) as compared to the IOP at T1 (P < 0.001). The decreases in IOPs at T2 and T3 were similar in both anesthetic groups (T2:P = 0.60; T3: P = 0.33).

Conclusion:
Significant decreases in IOPs after GA were observed and the differences were not significantly different between sevoflurane and mixed anesthetic agents. For management decisions in pediatric glaucoma, the IOP measurements under GA are crucial, the underestimation of IOP as noted with currently used anesthetic agents has to be accounted for and decisions are taken appropriately.
Reversibility of retinochoroidal vascular alteration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea after continuous positive air pressure and surgical intervention
Authors: Jayakumar Kalaivani , Bansal Sandeep , Markan Ashish , Agarwal Aniruddha , Bansal Reema , Mahajan Sarakshi , Agrawal Rupesh , Gupta Vishali 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this work was to study various retinochoroidal parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the effect of interventions on these parameters at 6 months follow-up.

Methods:
A total of 36 patients were recruited prospectively from the otorhinolaryngology clinics of a large tertiary center between September 2018 to March 2020. The subjects were divided into three groups depending upon intervention chosen for OSAS: Group A (surgery, i.e., uvulopalatopharyngoplasty), group B (medical therapy, i.e., continuous positive air pressure) and group C (no intervention). Various retinochoroidal parameters which were studied included retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), arteriovenous ratio (AVR), capillary density index (CDI) in superficial and deep retina, at baseline and 6 months of follow-up after the intervention.

Results:
In group A, CT increased significantly at 6 months (332.76 ± 86.41 um) compared to baseline (306.28 ± 78.19) (P = 0.0004). Similarly, CDI at both superficial and deep capillary plexus increased significantly at 6 months (superficial CDI: 0.65 ± 0.04, deep CDI: 0.38 ± 0.01) compared to baseline (superficial CDI: 0.62 ± 0.03, deep CDI: 0.36 ± 0.02) (P = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). In group B, CT increased significantly at 6 months (361.38 ± 78.63 um) compared to baseline (324.21 ± 76.97 um) (P = 0.008). Also, CVI showed a significant decrease at 6 months (65.74 ± 1.84%) compared to baseline (67.36 ± 1.57%) (P = 0.019). In group C, all except CDI in deep capillary plexus showed a significant decrease at 6 months (0.35 ± 0.01) compared to baseline (0.36 ± 0.02) (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
OSAS alters various retinochoroidal parameters and timely intervention in patients with OSAS can prevent these alterations. Also, these retinochoroidal parameters could serve as one of the markers to monitor the disease progression.
Role of improved distance and near visual acuity with low vision aids to enhance stereopsis in retinal diseases
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari , Gautam Akanksha , Sharma Nandini , Anand Kamlesh , Sodhi Ramneeq Singh 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine role of improved distance and near best-corrected visual acuity (DBCVA and NBCVA) with use of magnification devices to enhance stereopsis in low vision (LV) subjects having retinal diseases.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional observational study without control, 84 subjects having LV due to retinal diseases were examined for an improvement of BCVA with use of magnifying low vision aids (LVAs) (2X for DBCVA and 3X for NBCVA). The stereopsis scores on titmus fly test were recorded with near refractive correction “on” and then with 3X magnification. The improvement in stereopsis for distance was however estimated through statistical correlation values.

Results:
The DBCVA (P < 0.001), NBCVA (P < 0.001) and stereopsis (P < 0.001) improved statistically significantly (SS) following magnifying LVA. There was no correlation between pre-LVA stereopsis and pre-LVA DBCVA (r = 0.059; P = 0.444;NSS) and post-LVA DBCVA (r = 0.054; P = 0.487;NSS); and no correlation between post-LVA stereopsis and pre-LVA DBCVA (r = 0.042; P = 0.592;NSS) and post-LVA DBCVA (r = 0.08; P = 0.920;NSS). There was no correlation between pre-LVA stereopsis and pre-LVA NBCVA (r = 0.044; P = 0.572;NSS) and no correlation between post-LVA stereopsis and pre-LVA NBCVA (r = 0.108; P = 0.165;NSS). But positive correlation between pre-LVA stereopsis and post-LVA NBCVA (r = 0.347; P < 0.001) and between post-LVA stereopsis and post-LVA NBCVA (r = 0.445; P < 0.001) was SS.

Conclusion:
The use of magnification as LVA improves both the BCVA and stereopsis. The increase in DBCVA with LVA improves the stereopsis for distance though it may not be SS while improvement in NBCVA with LVA enhances stereopsis for near objects in SS manner.
Subretinal hyperreflective material morphology in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A case control study
Authors: Alex Divya , Giridhar Anantharaman , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Indurkhya Swati , Madan Shivam 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of morphological features of subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) with visual acuity (VA), geographic atrophy (GA) and scar formation in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neovascular AMD) and to compare with controls of neovascular AMD without SHRM.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 157 wet AMD eyes with SHRM and 50 eyes without SHRM treated with Anti-VEGF. Baseline spectral domain-OCT characteristics (SHRM location, height, width, area, reflectivity, border definition) were collected and were correlated with VA at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months and looked for development of scar and geographical atrophy (GA) and were compared to the control group.

Results:
When compared to the control, baseline parameters with a significant predictive value of 12-VA were presence of SHRM, foveal involvement of SHRM, high reflective SHRM, well-defined SHRM borders and thick SHRM. VA was decreased with greater SHRM height, width and area (P < 0.001). Decreasing reflectivity of SHRM lesions and disappearance of SHRM correlated with better VA at 12 months (P < 0.05). At 12 months, scar and GA was present more often in eyes with persistent SHRM than in eyes with SHRM that resolved and those without SHRM in the control group.

Conclusion:
SHRM can be considered as a surrogate OCT biomarker in predicting final visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Baseline parameters predicting poorer vision at 12-follow-up were presence of SHRM involving the fovea, well-defined SHRM borders, greater SHRM height, width and area and persistence of SHRM with Anti-VEGF therapy.
Wound integrity of modified anterior stromal hydration Vs. conventional hydration after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification
Authors: Lohmror Isha , Sharma Pankaj , Kalia Sonal 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To compare the self-sealing ability of temporal clear corneal incisions for phacoemulsification using conventional stromal hydration (CH) with two modified methods: the anterior stromal pocket hydration (ASPH) and the modified stromal pocket hydration (MASH).

Methods:
Patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification surgeries were randomized to receive the CH, ASPH, and MASH (n = 30 eyes in each group). In the ASPH, an anterior stromal pocket was created superficial and parallel while in the MASH; it was superficial and perpendicular to the plane of the main incision. The primary outcome measure was wound leakage assessed after applying firm downward pressure on the posterior lip of the main corneal incision, simulating eye rubbing.

Results:
On application of pressure to the posterior lip, leakage was seen from 19 eyes (63%) in the CH group, while this was seen in only two eyes (7%) each in the ASPH and MASH groups (P < 0.001). The likelihood of wound leak after applying pressure to the posterior lip reduced by 86% in the ASPH and MASH groups compared to CH (Odds ratio = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.35, P < 0.001). The mean surgically induced astigmatism was 0.18 ± 0.14D and there were no differences in SIA across the three groups (P = 0.42). More eyes in the ASPH required conversion to CH (n = 4, 13%) due to difficulty in localizing the pocket compared to MASH (n = 0, P = 0.03)

Conclusion:
Both, the ASPH and MASH techniques reduce the risk of wound leakage and do not induce astigmatism. The MASH technique makes it easier to consistently localize the pocket.
Leveraging big data for pattern recognition of socio-demographic and climatic factors in correlation with eye disorders in Telangana State, India
Authors: Alalawi Amna , Sztandera Les , Lalakia Parth , Das Anthony Vipin , Gumpili Sai Prashanthi , Derman Richard 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Big data is the new gold, especially in health care. Advances in collecting and processing electronic medical records (EMR) coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in health care. Ophthalmology has been an area of focus where results have shown to be promising. The objective of this study was to determine whether the EMR at a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India can contribute to the management of patient care, through studying how climatic and socio-demographic factors relate to eye disorders and visual impairment in the State of Telangana.

Methods:
The study was designed by merging a dataset obtained from the Telangana State Development Society to an existing EMR of approximately 1 million patients, who presented themselves with different eye symptoms and diagnosed with several diseases from the years (2011–2019). The dataset obtained included weather and climatic variables to be tested alongside eye disorders. AI creative featuring techniques have been used to narrow down the variables most affected by climatic and demographic factors, with the application of the Cynefin Framework as a guide to simplify and structure the dataset for analysis.

Results:
Our findings revealed a high presence of cataract in the state of Telangana, mostly in rural areas and throughout the different weather seasons in India. Males tend to be the most affected as per the number of visits to the clinic, while home makers make the most visit to the hospital, in addition to employees, students, and laborers. While cataract is most dominant in the older age population, diseases such as astigmatism, conjunctivitis, and emmetropia, are more present in the younger age population.

Conclusion:
The study appeared useful for taking preventive measures in the future to manage the treatment of patients who present themselves with eye disorders in Telangana. The use of clinical big datasets helps to identify the burden of ocular disorders in the population. The overlaying of meteorological data on the clinical presentation of patients from a geographic region lends insight into the complex interaction of environmental factors on the prevalence of ocular disorders in them.
Impact of the use of digital devices on eyes during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Usgaonkar Ugam , Parkar Simran Rajan Shet , Shetty Aksha 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to observe pattern of digital device use and the various ocular, visual and systemic symptoms associated with them during the lockdown period of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
Two hundred and thirty-three volunteers were included in web-based open e-survey. The survey was designed on the ‘Survey Monkey’ website and distributed through social media platform. The information was collected regarding hours and numbers of digital devices along with numbers of digital activities carried out during the pandemic. A pretested symptom questionnaire was also included regarding ocular, visual and systemic symptoms before and during lockdown. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package of Social Science software.

Results:
During the pandemic, most of the respondents were engaged in more than two digital activities (73.81%) over more than two digital devices (48.50%) for more than six days (65.66%). Maximum respondents were mobile users (97.85%) spending major time on social media (89.70%). Symptoms including watering eyes (P = 0.000), dry eyes (P = 0.000), shoulder pain (P = 0.020), back pain (P = 0.003) and headache (P = 0.043) showed positive correlation with hours of digital device use per day during lockdown, while itching eyes (P = 0.036) and pain behind eyes (P = 0.025) were the major symptoms in those engaged in a greater number of digital activities. Moreover, red eyes (P = 0.040) were more prominent in respondents using multiple devices for a greater number of hours.

Conclusion:
A big jump in digital activities on multiple digital devices was seen during lockdown which are more prone to ocular symptoms. Acceleration of ocular and systemic symptoms was particular with rise in time spending on digital devices.
Assessing portfolio and asset returns of some financial and non- financial companies on the Ghana stock exchange using a 3-factor model
Authors: Ogbogbo C.P. , Anokye-Turkson N. 
Published: June 2021

This study on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE), investigated, if the overall size of the market, affects the fundamentals of the Fama French 3-Factor model, and to ascertain if the Fama French model can be used effectively to assess portfolio and assets return for companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange. In this paper, portfolios of assets of companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange are constructed and analyzed using the Fama-French 3-factor model. The empirical data which consists of assets of 15 companies listed on the GSE, including assets of both financial and non-financial companies for good representation of the Ghana Stock Exchange. We found that the basic principle of the model is not satisfied. This is attributed to a number of factors which include overall size of the market, volume of trade, and high leverage (more debt than equity) associated with financial firms. High debt/equity ratio is linked to high risk.
Keywords: Market Capitalization, Book-to-market ratio, Portfolio, Small minus big, High minus low
Elimination de polluants des déchets liquides d’une unité de production de sucre par des argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kedi Atolé Brice Bienvenu , Kouassi Seka Simplice , Coulibaly Vamoussa , Sei Joseph 
Published: June 2021

L’impact des déchets liquides industriels sur l’environnement demeure une réalité et une menace pour la qualité des eaux souterraines et de surfaces. Parmi les méthodes de dépollution existantes, l’adsorption des polluants par les argiles naturelles reste une méthode moins couteuse, disponible et facilement utilisable. La plupart des études sur l’aptitude des argiles à éliminer les polluants est faite avec des déchets liquides artificiels dont les concentrations sont maitrisées. L’objectif de cette étude était d’éliminer les polluants dans les déchets liquides d’une unité industrielle agronomique (UIA) de production de sucre par deux argiles naturelles de Côte d’Ivoire. Trois sources de déchets liquides provenant des activités de laboratoire d’analyse des sols, de jus de canne et de canne à sucre de l’UIA. Le traitement aux argiles a montré des taux d’élimination à divers degrés des polluants. Les paramètres suivants ont été mesuré avant et après le traitement aux argiles : pH, conductivité, turbidité, phosphore total, azote total, cuivre, zinc, plomb et mercure. L’argile de Katiola présente des aptitudes plus élevées à éliminer les polluants, comparée à l’argile d’Anyama. Cette étude confirme l’intérêt de l’utilisation des argiles pour la dépollution.Mots clés : Eaux usées, métaux lourds, pollution, argiles, adsorption.

English title: Removal of liquid waste pollutants from a sugar production unit using natural clays from Côte d'IvoireThe impact of industrial liquid waste on the environment remains a reality and a threat to groundwater and surface water quality. Among the existing depollution methods, the pollutants adsorption on natural clays remains a less expensive, available and easily usable method. Most studies on the ability of clays to remove pollutants are done with artificial liquid wastes whose concentrations are controlled. The objective of this study was to eliminate the pollutants in the liquid waste of an industrial agronomic sugar production unit using two natural clays from Côte d'Ivoire. Three sources of liquid wastes from the UIA's analysis laboratory activities. Treatment with clays showed varying degrees of removal of pollutants. The following parameters were measured before and after the clay treatment: pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead and mercury. The values of these parameters are compared to the national standard. Katiola clay exhibits higher abilities to remove pollutants compared to Anyama clay. This study confirms the value of using clays for depollution.Keywords: Wastewater, heavy metals, pollution, clays, adsorption.