bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of the Stylometric Characteristics of Different Levels for the Verification of Authors of the Prose
Authors: Manakhova Alla Mikhajlovna , Lagutina Nadezhda Stanislavovna 
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to the analysis of various stylometric characteristics combinations of different levels for the quality of verification of authorship of Russian, English and French prose texts. The research was carried out for both low-level stylometric characteristics based on words and symbols and higher-level structural characteristics.All stylometric characteristics were calculated automatically with the help of the ProseRhythmDetector program. This approach gave a possibility to analyze the works of a large volume and of many writers at the same time. During the work, vectors of stylometric characteristics of the level of symbols, words and structure were compared to each text. During the experiments, the sets of parameters of these three levels were combined with each other in all possible ways. The resulting vectors of stylometric characteristics were applied to the input of various classifiers to perform verification and identify the most appropriate classifier for solving the problem. The best results were obtained with the help of the AdaBoost classifier. The average F-score for all languages turned out to be more than 92 %. Detailed assessments of the quality of verification are given and analyzed for each author. Use of high-level stylometric characteristics, in particular, frequency of using N-grams of POS tags, offers the prospect of a more detailed analysis of the style of one or another author. The results of the experiments show that when the characteristics of the structure level are combined with the characteristics of the level of words and / or symbols, the most accurate results of verification of authorship for literary texts in Russian, English and French are obtained. Additionally, the authors were able to conclude about a different degree of impact of stylometric characteristics for the quality of verification of authorship for different languages.
The Morphological Classification of the Penile Frenulum in Chinese's People and its Clinical Application Value in the Frenulum Malposition of Circumcision with the Disposable Circumcision Suture Device (DCSD)
Authors: Liu Guang-Ming , Xu Zi-Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: to conclude the clinical experience of the disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD), to describe the morphological classification of the penile frenulum in Chinese's people, to find a way to solve the malposition of the penile frenulum in the surgery with disposable circumcision suture deviceMethods: From November 2013 to April 2021, there were 2265 consecutive Chinese patients with phimosis 367(16.2%) or redundant prepuce 1898 (83.8%) who underwent circumcision in our hospital. Each patient’s penile frenulum morphological feature was recorded and grouped according to the intraoperative photo documentation. There were four type of frenulum feature: typeⅠ, the middle raphe, a middle line longitudinal from the glan to the scrotal raphe; typeⅡ,the middle double raphe or middle band; type Ⅲ, the diamond or lozenge-shaped raphe; type Ⅳ was marked by the some hyperpigmentation zone. We also reported the convexity frenulum cutting site(CFCS) which could be palpated that a small rounded eminence tissue at the ventral prepuce middle raphe during the prodedure. Other data recorded were operation time, type of anesthesia, intra-operative blood loss, incision healing time, complications, mainly focus on the frenulum distortion, patient satisfaction. RESULTS: According to our morphological classification there were 842 (37.2%) cases in type Ⅰ, 258 (11.4%) cases in type Ⅱ; 107 (4.7%) cases in typeⅢA, 885 (39.1%) cases in type ⅢB and 173 (7.6%) cases in type Ⅳ. Following the classification treatment principle reported in the text no notorious frenulum deviation was observed after the initial 100 cases. Conclusion: The morphological classification of the penile frenulum incombinating with the anatomy marker of CFCS will facilitate accurate identification of the frenulum location, better define its right position, and provide a guide for the DCSD surgery for the individualized patients. The method described in this study could improve the success of the circumcision procedures, lower the related complication and is important to make the device acceptable and popular.
Global Geographical Distribution of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex and the Association Between GHSI and Drug-Resistance
Authors: Tao Bilin , Wu Jizhou , Qiu Beibei , Li Zhongqi , Zhan Mengyao , Wu Zhuchao , Wang Jianming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to map the global distribution of MTBC lineage and to explore the correlation between Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and drug resistance.MethodsWe mapped the global geographic distribution of MTBC lineages using the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and verified data from the TBProfiler. The hierarchical structure was visualized in different continents and sublineages. We also performed two-dimensional twisted surface and interaction plots to explore the interactions. ResultsLineage 4 was widely distributed globally, while lineage 2 had the highest risk of developing DR-TB. We observed an interaction between GHSI and GDP on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB. In countries with ln(GDP per capita) ≥2.35, there was a negative association between GHSI and drug resistance. ConclusionsThere was a significantly different geographic distribution pattern of MTBC lineages in the world. The GHSI was related to the drug resistance of TB and was affected by the social-economic level.
Reexamination of Tsunami Source Models For the 20th Century Earthquakes Off Hokkaido and Tohoku Along the Eastern Margin of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Murotani Satoko , Satake Kenji , Ishibe Takeo , Harada Tomoya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large earthquakes around Japan occur not only in the Pacific Ocean but also in the Sea of Japan, and cause both damage from the earthquake itself and from the ensuing tsunami to the coastal areas. Recently, offshore active fault surveys were conducted in the Sea of Japan by the Integrated Research Project on Seismic and Tsunami Hazards around the Sea of Japan (JSPJ), and their fault models (length, width, strike, dip, and slip angles) have been obtained. We examined the causative faults of M7 or larger earthquakes in the Sea of Japan during the 20th century using seismic and tsunami data. The 1940 off Shakotan Peninsula earthquake (MJMA 7.5) appears to have been caused by the offshore active faults MS01, MS02, ST01, and ST02 as modelled by the JSPJ. The 1993 off the southwest coast of Hokkaido earthquake (MJMA 7.8) likely occurred on the offshore active faults OK03a, OK03b, and OK05, while the 1983 Central Sea of Japan earthquake (MJMA 7.7) probably related to MMS01, MMS04, and MGM01. For these earthquakes, the observed tsunami waveforms were basically reproduced by tsunami numerical simulation from the offshore active faults with the slip amounts obtained by the scaling relation with three stages between seismic moment and source area for inland earthquakes. However, the observed tsunami runup heights along the coast were not reproduced at certain locations, possibly because of the coarse bathymetry data used for the simulation. The 1983 west off Aomori (MJMA 7.1) and the 1964 off Oga Peninsula (MJMA 6.9) earthquakes showed multiple faults near the source area that could be used to reproduce the observed tsunami waveforms; therefore, we could not identify the causative faults. Further analysis using near-field seismic waveforms is required for their identification of their causative faults and their parameters. The scaling relation for inland earthquakes can be used to obtain the slip amounts for offshore active faults in the Sea of Japan and to estimate the coastal tsunami heights and inundation area which can be useful for disaster prevention and mitigation of future earthquakes and tsunamis in the Sea of Japan.
Topical Application of the Anthraquinone Parietin and Blue Light Illumination Induces Delayed Cell Growth and Necrosis in the Deeper Layers of a Subcutaneously Implanted Tumour
Authors: Mugas María Laura , Calvo Gustavo , Marioni Juliana , Céspedes Mariela , Martinez Florencia , Vanzulli Silvia , Sáenz Daniel , Venosa Gabriela Di , Montoya Susana , Casas Adriana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment involving administration of a tumour-localizing photosensitizer, followed by activation by light of a specific wavelength.In previous work, we showed that the natural anthraquinone (AQ) Parietin (PTN), was a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of leukemic cells in vitro. The present work aimed to analyze the photosensitizing ability of PTN in the mammary carcinoma LM2 cells in vitro and in vivo in a model of subcutaneously implanted tumours.Photodynamic therapy mediated by Parietin (PTN-PDT) (PTN 30 µM, 1 h and 1.78 J/cm2 of blue light) impaired cell growth and migration of LM2 cells in vitro. PTN per se induced a significant decrease in cell migration, and it was even more marked after illumination (migration index was 0.65 for PTN and 0.30 for PTN-PDT), suggesting that both PTN and parietin-mediated PDT would be potential inhibitors of metastasis.Fluorescence microscopy observation indicated cytoplasmatic localization of the AQ and no fluorescence at all was recorded in the nuclei.When PTN (1.96 mg) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide was topically applied on the skin of mice subcutaneously implanted with LM2 cells, PTN orange fluorescence was strongly noticed in the stratum corneum and also in the inner layers of the tumour up to approximately 5 mm. After illumination with 12.74 J/cm2 of blue light, one PDT dose at day 1, induced a significant tumour growth delay at day 3, which was not maintained in time. Therefore, we administered a second PTN-PDT boost on day 3. Under these conditions, the delay of tumour growth was 28 % both on days 3 and 4 of the experiment.Histology of tumours revealed massive tumour necrosis up to 4 mm of depth. Intriguingly, a superficial area of viable tumour in the 1 mm superficial area, and a quite conserved intact skin was evidenced. We hypothesize that this may be due to PTN aggregation in contact with the skin and tumour milieu of the most superficial tumour layers, thus avoiding its photochemical properties.On the other hand, normal skin treated with PTN-PDT exhibited slight histological changes. These preliminary findings encourage further studies of natural AQs administered in different vehicles, for topical treatment of cutaneous malignancies.
Ribonuclease-1 treatment after traumatic brain injury preserve the integrity of the neurovascular unit, decreases inflammatory response and delays secondary brain damage in mice
Authors: Krämer Tobias J. , Hübener Per , Pöttker Bruno , Gölz Christina , Neulen Axel , Pantel Tobias , Goetz Hermann , Ritter Katharina , Thal Serge C , Schäfer Michael K.E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves primary mechanical damage and delayed secondary damage caused by vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Intracellular components released into the parenchyma and systemic circulation, termed danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are major drivers of vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation. These DAMPs include cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), which damage the blood–brain barrier (BBB), thereby promoting edema, procoagulatory processes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We tested the hypothesis that intraperitoneal injection of Ribonuclease-1 (RNase1, two doses of 20, 60, or 180 µg/kg) at 30 min and 12h after controlled-cortical-impact (CCI) can reduce secondary lesion expansion compared to vehicle treatment 24h and 120h post-CCI. The lowest total dose (40 µg/kg) was most effective at reducing lesion volume (−31% RNase 40µg/kg vs. vehicle), brain water accumulation (−5.5%), and loss of BBB integrity (−21.6%) at 24h post-CCI. RNase1 also reduced perilesional leukocyte recruitment (−53.3%) and microglial activation (−18.3%) at 120h post-CCI, but there was no difference in lesion volume at this time and no functional benefit. Treatment with RNase1 in the early phase following TBI stabilizes the BBB and impedes leukocyte immigration, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation. RNase1-treatment may be a novel approach to delay brain injury to extend the window for treatment opportunities after TBI.
Organic Matter Removal in a Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification Process Using Fixed-Film System.
Authors: Gonzalez Perla , Ruiz Ana Aguilar , Varela Andrea Reynosa , Hinojosa Ulises Durán , Zuñiga Marco Garzón , Escalante Edna Meza , Valencia Luis Álvarez , Palacios Denisse Serrano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study focused on evaluating different support media for COD and nitrogen compound removal from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor fed with swine wastewater. Maximum specific nitrification (MSNA) and denitrification (MSDA) activity tests were performed in two fixed-film systems with (1) polyurethane foam (R1) and (2) polyethylene rings (R2). The results showed that the R2 system performed more efficiently than R1, reaching organic matter removal of 77 ± 8% and nitrogen of 98 ± 4%, attributed to higher specific denitrifying activity recorded (5.3 ± 0.34 g NO3--N/g VTS ∙h). In this sense, MSDA tests indicated that the suspended biomass was responsible for at least 70% of nitrogen removal in the form of ammonium compared with 20% attributed to biomass in the form of biofilm. On the other hand, 40 ± 5% of initial nitrogen could not be quantified in the system effluents, but 10 ± 1% was attributed to loss by volatilization. According to the analyses, the previous information infers the development of simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) routes. Respect to the analyses of microbial diversity and abundance in the biofilm of R2 rings, the presence of the genus Pseudomonas dominated the prokaryotic community of the system in 54.4%.
Up Regulation of GSDMB Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cui Yuanshan , Zhou Zhongbao , Chai Yumeng , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is part of the gasdermin (GSDM) family and they use varying means of domain interactions in molecules to adjust their pore-forming and lipid-binding actions. The GSDM family has roles in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, particularly in the process of pyroptosis. Nonetheless, the correlation of GSDMB with immune infiltrates and its prognostic values in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) are still undefined. Therefore, we assessed the correlation of GSDMB with immune infiltrates and its prognostic role in ccRCC. Methods: The transcriptional expression profiles of GSDMB in ccRCC tissues in addition to normal tissues were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and additionally verified in a different independent cohort, which was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The Human Protein Atlas and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) were accessed to assess the protein expression of GSDMB. To differentiate between ccRCC and surrounding normal tissues, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied. Relationships between GSDMB expression, clinicopathologicical variables, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with multivariate methods as well as Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were created with String. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted by utilizing the “ClusterProfiler” package. The tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) were utilized to determine the association between the mRNA expression of GSDMB and immune infiltrates. Results: GSDMB expression was significantly more up regulated in ccRCC tissues compared to surrounding normal tissues. An increase in the mRNA expression of GSDMB was related to high pathologic stage and advanced TNM stage. The analysis of the ROC curve indicated that GSDMB had an AUC value of 0.820 to distinguish between ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal controls. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that ccRCC patients with high-GSDMB had a poorer prognosis compared to those with low-GSDMB (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of GSDMB was associated with immune infiltrates and the purity of the tumor. Upregulation of GSDMB is significantly related to immune infiltrates and poor survival in ccRCC. Conclusions: The results of this study indicates that GSDMB could be regarded as a biomarker for the detection of poor prognosis and potential target of immune treatment in ccRCC.
Discriminative and Robust Feature Learning for MIBCI-based Disability Rehabilitation
Authors: Huang Xiuyu , Zhou Nan , Choi KupSze 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn the past few years, motor imagery brain-computer interface (MIBCI) has become a valuable assisting technology for the disabled. However, how to effectively improve the motor imagery (MI) classification performance by learning discriminative and robust features is still a challenging problem.MethodsIn this study, we propose a novel loss function, called correntropy-based center loss (CCL), as the supervision signal for the training of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model in the MI classification task. With joint supervision of the softmax loss and CCL, we can train a CNN model to acquire deep discriminative features with large inter-class dispersion and slight intra-class variation. Moreover, the CCL can also effectively decrease the negative effect of the noise during the training, which is essential to accurate MI classification.ResultsWe perform extensive experiments on two well-known public MI datasets, called BCI competition IV-2a and IV-2b, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed loss. The result shows that our CNNs (with such joint supervision) achieve 78.65% and 86.10% on IV-2a and IV-2b and outperform other baseline approaches.ConclusionThe proposed CCL helps the learning process of the CNN model to obtain both discriminative and robust deeply learned features for the MI classification task in the BCI rehabilitation application.
Pharmacotherapy for SARS-CoV-2 and Seizures for Drug Repurposing
Presumed on Mechanistic Targets
Authors: Goel Divya , Srivastava Ankit , Aledo-Serrano Ángel , Krishnan Anuja , Vohora Divya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The currently circulating novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) has brought the whole world to a standstill. Recent studies have deciphered the viral
genome structure, epidemiology and are in the process of unveiling multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Apart from atypical pneumonia and lung disease manifestations, this disease has also been
found to be associated with neurological symptoms, which include dizziness, headache, stroke, or
seizures, among others. However, a possible direct or indirect association between SARS-CoV-2
and seizures is still not clear. In any manner, it may be of interest to analyze the drugs being used
for viral infection in the background of epilepsy or vice versa.

Objective:
To identify the most credible drug candidate for COVID-19 in persons with epilepsy or
COVID-19 patients experiencing seizures.

Methods:
A literature search for original and review articles was performed, and further, the Comparative
Toxicogenomics Database was used to unearth the most credible drug candidate.

Results:
Our search based on common mechanistic targets affecting SARS-CoV-2 and seizures revealed
ivermectin, dexamethasone, anakinra, and tocilizumab for protection against both
COVID-19 and seizures. Amongst the antiseizure medications, we found valproic acid as the most
probable pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 patients experiencing seizures.

Conclusion:
These findings would hopefully provide the basis for initiating further studies on the
pathogenesis and drug targeting strategies for this emerging infection accompanied with seizures or
in people with epilepsy.
A Clinical Comparison of Imported or Locally Acquired COVID-19 Suggests Declining Severity after Viral Passages at the Early Stage of the Pandemic in China
Authors: Su Feifei , Yang Shoufeng , Hong Liang , Sun Yao , Qu Yue 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
This retrospective, two-center study aimed to provide solid clinical evidence to support the viral attenuation theory after passages of SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 150 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Wenzhou, China between January and April 2020 were compared. These patients had similar demographic characteristics. Infections of 77 patients who visited Wuhan within 14 days before symptom onset were categorized as imported cases and that of the remaining 73 patients who had no recent travel history were categorized as locally transmitted cases.

Results:
COVID-19 cases in Wenzhou appeared to be mostly mild at the early stages of the pandemic. There were no differences in clinical manifestations, laboratory testing results, and radiographic presentation between imported and locally transmitted cases in Wenzhou, except that a higher proportion of lymphopenia was found in the imported case group. Assessment of infection severity showed that severe conditions were observed in 10.7% of the patients, with the imported case group having a significantly higher rate (15.6%) than the locally transmitted case group (5.5%, x2 = 4.016, p = 0.045).

Conclusion:
Although, the clinical manifestations of locally acquired infections were indistinguishable from those imported from Wuhan, they were less likely to develop into severe medical conditions, suggesting the possibility of virulence attenuation after viral passages during the early stages of the pandemic.
[ID 57395] INTERNAÇÕES E MORTES POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS ENTRE OS MENORES DE UM ANO, RECIFE, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Passos de Oliveira Henry Johnson , Manoel Pereira da Silva Victor , Da Silva Raphael Alves , Pereira da Silva Felicialle , Vieira do Bonfim Cristine 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos óbitos infantis por causas externas de residentes no Recife, Pernambuco, no período de 2010 a 2016. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por 83 óbitos infantis por causa externa de residentes no Recife. Utilizou-se o programa R versão 3.6.3 para análise descritiva dos dados. Além disso, utilizou-se o teste de x² para testar se os dados categóricos associados a uma variável se comportam de modo homogêneo. Resultados: No período de estudo foram registrados 83 óbitos infantis por causa externa em residentes na Cidade do Recife - PE. Os óbitos apresentaram maiores proporções em indivíduos do sexo masculino (n = 44; 53,0%), da raça/cor preta (n = 54; 65,1%) no período pós-neonatal (n = 65; 78,3%). A maior parte dos óbitos foi em decorrência de acidentes envolvendo a respiração, cuja principal causa básica foi inalação do conteúdo gástrico (n = 47; 56,6%). Conclusão: A análise descritiva das características dos óbitos infantis por causa externa possibilita que ações de políticas públicas e efetivas sejam planejadas segundo a multiplicidade de fatores que determinam o risco de morte por causa externa entre os menores de um ano.