bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Human BBB‐on‐a‐Chip: A New Platform for Alzheimer's Disease Studies
Authors: Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Kim Jaehoon , Shah Zachary , Awasthi Ashi , Mahajan Advay , Kim YongTae 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe blood−brain barrier (BBB) is a unique vascular structure that serves as a molecular transport gateway for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Chronic disruption or breakdown of the BBB reportedly leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, research on human BBB pathophysiology and drug development remains highly dependent on studies using inherently different animals. Moreover, more studies have shown that animal models are not appropriate in modeling Alzheimer's disease (AD), underlining the importance of in vitro models of the human BBB with physiological relevance. In this review, recent advances in human BBB‐on‐a‐chip technologies are highlighted and their potential for pathogenesis studies and drug prescreening for AD treatment are discussed.
Spider‐Web and Ant‐Tentacle Doubly Bio‐Inspired Multifunctional Self‐Powered Electronic Skin with Hierarchical Nanostructure
Authors: Yue Ouyang , Wang Xuechuan , Liu Xinhua , Hou Mengdi , Zheng Manhui , Wang Youyou , Cui Boqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor the practical applications of wearable electronic skin (e‐skin), the multifunctional, self‐powered, biodegradable, biocompatible, and breathable materials are needed to be assessed and tailored simultaneously. Integration of these features in flexible e‐skin is highly desirable; however, it is challenging to construct an e‐skin to meet the requirements of practical applications. Herein, a bio‐inspired multifunctional e‐skin with a multilayer nanostructure based on spider web and ant tentacle is constructed, which can collect biological energy through a triboelectric nanogenerator for the simultaneous detection of pressure, humidity, and temperature. Owing to the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers spider web structure, internal bead‐chain structure, and the collagen aggregate nanofibers based positive friction material, e‐skin exhibits the highest pressure sensitivity (0.48 V kPa−1) and high detection range (0–135 kPa). Synchronously, the nanofibers imitating the antennae of ants provide e‐skin with short response and recovery time (16 and 25 s, respectively) to a wide humidity range (25–85% RH). The e‐skin is demonstrated to exhibit temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR = 0.0075 °C−1) in a range of the surrounding temperature (27–55 °C). Moreover, the natural collagen aggregate and the all‐nanofibers structure ensure the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and breathability of the e‐skin, showing great promise for practicability.
Keystroke Dynamics based Hybrid Nanogenerators for Biometric Authentication and Identification using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Maharjan Pukar , Shrestha Kumar , Bhatta Trilochan , Cho Hyunok , Park Chani , Salauddin Md , Rahman M. Toyabur , Rana SM Sohel , Lee Sanghyun , Park Jae Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyberattack is one of the severe threats in the digital world as it encompasses everything related to personal information, health, finances, intellectual properties, and even national security. Password‐based authentication is the most practiced authentication system, however, is vulnerable to several attacks such as dictionary attack, shoulder surfing attack, and guessing attack. Here, a new keystroke dynamics‐based hybrid nanogenerator for biometric authentication and identification integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) is reported. Keystroke dynamics offer behavioral and contextual information that can distinguish and authorize the individuals based on their typing rhythms. The hybrid electromagnetic‐triboelectric nanogenerators/sensors efficiently convert the keystroke mechanical energy into electrical signals, which are fed into an artificial neural network based AI system. The self‐powered hybrid sensors‐based biometric authentication system integrated with a neural network achieves an accuracy of 99% and offers a promising hybrid security layer against password vulnerability.
Introduction of a Novel Figure of Merit for the Assessment of Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Photovoltaics: Exact and Approximate Form
Authors: Anand Aman , Islam Md Moidul , Meitzner Rico , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoppe Harald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are key components of photovoltaic devices. Being transparent, they allow light to enter the device, and being conductive, they allow the photocurrent generated to be drawn into the outer electric circuit. Ideally, TCEs exhibit maximum light transmission and conductivity at the same time. However, both properties have to be balanced. Depending on the photovoltaic material system, the selection of the most suitable TCE is crucial and is assessed by so‐called figures‐of‐merit (FOM). Here, a novel and exact FOM that explicitly considers the impact on photovoltaic performance is proposed. This novel FOM exhibits several useful attributes, among them: i) proportionality to the potential power output of the photovoltaic device, ii) normalization with regard to the theoretically ultimately attainable photovoltaic performance and, thus, it provides above all iii) meaningful guidance for the development of advanced TCEs. Based on the exact FOM, the transition sheet resistance is defined as the parameter, which separates the so‐far unidentified two regimes of TCE operation: transmittance versus conductance limited. An overview of realized state‐of‐the‐art semitransparent electrodes is reassessed and compared herein. Furthermore, the TCE requirements for various photovoltaic material systems are assessed in dependence on the spectral range of their operation.
Synthesis and Cellular Labeling of Multifunctional Phosphatidylinositol Bis‐ and Trisphosphate Derivatives
Authors: Müller Rainer , Kojic Ana , Citir Mevlut , Schultz Carsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe synthesized the first multifunctionalized phosphoinositide polyphosphate derivatives featuring a photo‐removable protecting group (“cage”), a photo‐crosslinkable diazirine group, and a terminal alkyne group useful for click chemistry. We demonstrate that the lipid derivatives readily enter cells. After photo‐crosslinking, cell fixation and fluorescent tagging via click chemistry, we determined the intracellular location of the lipid derivatives before and after uncaging of the lipids. We find that there is rapid trafficking of PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 derivatives to the plasma membrane, opening the intriguing possibility that there is active transport of these lipids involved. We employed the photo‐crosslinking and click chemistry functions to analyze the proteome of PI(3,4,5)P3‐binding proteins. From the latter, we validated by RNAi that the putative lipid binding proteins ATP11A and MPP6 are involved in the transport of PI(3,4,5)P3 to the plasma membrane.
Materials Engineering of Violin Soundboards by Stradivari and Guarneri
Authors: Su Cheng‐Kuan , Chen Szu‐Yu , Chung Jen‐Hsuan , Li Guo‐Chian , Brandmair Brigitte , Huthwelker Thomas , Fulton John L. , Borca Camelia N. , Huang Shing‐Jong , Nagyvary Joseph , Tseng Hsiao‐Han , Chang Chih‐Hui , Chung Dai‐Ting , Vescovi Rafael , Tsai Yi‐Shiuan , Cai Wenjie , Lu Bing‐Jyun , Xu Jia‐Wei , Hsu Chia‐Shuo , Wu Jun‐Jie , Li Hao‐Zhi , Jheng Yu‐Kai , Lo Sheng‐Fong , Chen Hao Ming , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Chung Po‐Wen , Chen Chien‐Sheng , Sun Yuh‐Chang , Chan Jerry Chun Chung , Tai Hwan‐Ching 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated the material properties of Cremonese soundboards using a wide range of spectroscopic, microscopic, and chemical techniques. We found similar types of spruce in Cremonese soundboards as in modern instruments, but Cremonese spruces exhibit unnatural elemental compositions and oxidation patterns that suggest artificial manipulation. Combining analytical data and historical information, we may deduce the minerals being added and their potential functions—borax and metal sulfates for fungal suppression, table salt for moisture control, alum for molecular crosslinking, and potash or quicklime for alkaline treatment. The overall purpose may have been wood preservation or acoustic tuning. Hemicellulose fragmentation and altered cellulose nanostructures are observed in heavily treated Stradivari specimens, which show diminished second‐harmonic generation signals. Guarneri's practice of crosslinking wood fibers via aluminum coordination may also affect mechanical and acoustic properties. Our data suggest that old masters undertook materials engineering experiments to produce soundboards with unique properties.
Redox‐Mediated Ambient Electrolytic Nitrogen Reduction for Hydrazine and Ammonia Generation
Authors: Wang Xun , Yang Jing , Salla Manohar , Xi Shibo , Yang Yi , Li Mengsha , Zhang Feifei , Zhu Ming‐Ke , Huang Songpeng , Huang Shiqiang , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work presents a redox‐mediated electrolytic nitrogen reduction reaction (RM‐eNRR) using polyoxometalate (POM) as the electron and proton carrier which frees the TiO2‐based catalyst from the electrode and shifts the reduction of nitrogen to a reactor tank. The RM‐eNRR process has achieved an ammonium production yield of 25.1 μg h−1 or 5.0 μg h−1 cm−2 at an ammonium concentration of 6.7 ppm. With high catalyst loading, 61.0 ppm ammonium was accumulated in the electrolyte upon continuous operation, which is the highest concentration detected for ambient eNRR so far. The mechanism underlying the RM‐eNRR was scrutinized both experimentally and computationally to delineate the POM‐mediated charge transfer and hydrogenation process of nitrogen molecule on the catalyst. RM‐eNRR is expected to provide an implementable solution to overcome the limitations in the conventional eNRR process.
The acetylation modification regulates the stability of Bm30K‐15 protein and its mechanism in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Lv Jiao , Li Shouliang , Liu Yue , Sun Zihan , Wang Dan , You Zhengying , Jiang Caiying , Sheng Qing , Nie Zuoming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe 30 K proteins are the major silkworm hemolymph proteins and are involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as nutrient and energy storage, embryogenesis, immune response, and inhibition of apoptosis. The Bm30K‐15 protein is one of the 30 K proteins and is abundant in the hemolymph of fifth instar silkworm larva. We previously found that the Bm30K‐15 protein can be acetylated. In the present study, we found that acetylation can improve the protein stability of Bm30K‐15. Further exploration confirmed that the increase in protein stability by acetylation was caused by competition between acetylation and ubiquitination. In summary, these findings aim to provide insight into the effect of acetylation modification on the protein level and stability of the Bm30K‐15 and the possible molecular mechanism of its existence in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Purification of a novel protein with cytotoxicity against non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells from Boletus bicolor
Authors: Zhang Min‐Hui , Zhou Rong , Liu Fang , Ng Tzi B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel protein (D1 component) was purified from Boletus bicolor by ion‐exchange chromatography and gel chromatography on a HiTrap™ Q HP column, a diethylaminoethanol cellulose‐52 column, and a Sephadex G75 column, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the D1 component was a single protein band with a molecular weight of about 40 kDa. The sulforhodamine B assay showed that at concentrations as low as 25–75 μg/ml, protein D1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and H1299 cells) and had little effect on human normal kidney cells (HEK293 cells). After labeling protein D1, it was found that D1 could enter the cytoplasm of tumor cells and colocated with lysosomes. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that protein D1 induced apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle in A549 and H1299 cells. The Western blot analysis results showed that the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle‐related proteins of cleaved caspase‐3, cytochrome c, Bax, P16, and P21 was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression of Bcl‐2, CDK4, cyclin D, p‐Rb, and E2F was significantly downregulated after treatment with protein D1. Therefore, D1 exhibits potential to be developed into an antitumor agent.
The association of adverse life events and parental mental health with emotional and behavioral outcomes in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hollocks Matthew J. , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Kent Rachel , Lukito Steve , Briskman Jackie , Stringer Dominic , Lord Catherine , Pickles Andrew , Baird Gillian , Charman Tony , Simonoff Emily 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of developing co‐occurring mental health difficulties across the lifespan. Exposure to adverse life events and parental mental health difficulties are known risk factors for developing a range of mental health difficulties. This study investigates the association of adverse life events, parental stress and mental health with emotional and behavioral problems in young adults with ASD. One hundred and fifteen young adults with ASD derived from a population‐based longitudinal study were assessed at three time‐points (12‐, 16‐, and 23‐year) on questionnaire measures of emotional and behavioral problems. Parent‐reported exposure to adverse life events and parental stress/mental health were measured at age 23. We used structural equation modeling to investigate the stability of emotional and behavioral problems over time, and the association between adverse life events and parental stress and mental health and emotional and behavioral outcomes at 23‐year. Our results indicate that exposure to adverse life events was significantly associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems in young adults with ASD, while controlling for symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Higher reported parental stress and mental health difficulties were associated with a higher frequency of behavioral, but not emotional problems, and did not mediate the impact of adverse life events. These results suggest that child and adolescent emotional and behavioral problems, exposure to life events and parent stress and mental health are independently associated, to differing degrees, with emotional or behavioral outcomes in early adulthood.Lay SummaryPeople with autism experience high rates of mental health difficulties throughout childhood and into adult life. Adverse life events and parental stress and mental health may contribute to poor mental health in adulthood. We used data at three time points (12‐, 16‐, and 23‐year) to understand how these factors relate to symptoms at 23‐year. We found that emotional and behavioral problems in childhood, adverse life events and parent mental health were all associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems in adulthood.
The Deuterated “Magic Methyl” Group: A Guide to Site‐Selective Trideuteromethyl Incorporation and Labeling by Using CD3Reagents
Authors: Steverlynck Joost , Sitdikov Ruzal , Rueping Magnus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the field of medicinal chemistry, the precise installation of a trideuteromethyl group is gaining ever‐increasing attention. Site‐selective incorporation of the deuterated “magic methyl” group can provide profound pharmacological benefits and can be considered an important tool for drug optimization and development. This review provides a structured overview, according to trideuteromethylation reagent, of currently established methods for site‐selective trideuteromethylation of carbon atoms. In addition to CD3, the selective introduction of CD2H and CDH2groups is also considered. For all methods, the corresponding mechanism and scope are discussed whenever reported. As such, this review can be a starting point for synthetic chemists to further advance trideuteromethylation methodologies. At the same time, this review aims to be a guide for medicinal chemists, offering them the available C−CD3formation strategies for the preparation of new or modified drugs.
Establishing a “Ring‐Size‐Divergent” Synthetic Strategy: Synthesis, Structural Revision, and Absolute Configuration of Feroniellins
Authors: Nishikawa Keisuke , Niwa Toshiki , Nishikibe Kento , Kumagai Momochika , Morimoto Yoshiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFeroniellin analogs isolated from Feroniella lucida possess a furanocoumarin skeleton connected to monoterpenic five‐ to seven‐membered ethereal rings by an ether linkage and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. In this contribution, we intended to establish a “ring‐size‐divergent” synthetic strategy for the monoterpenic five‐ to seven‐membered ethereal rings through the chemical sythesis of feroniellins. The short and comprehensive synthesis of feroniellins was achieved in only two steps from easily available bergamottin based on the “ring‐size‐divergent” strategy. In addition, these syntheses resulted in revision of the proposed structures for feroniellins A and B and the determination of all the absolute configurations of feroniellins; their preliminary anti‐inflammatory activities were investigated as well.
Pathologic T1 and T2 encapsulated invasive carcinomas arising from mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas have favorable prognosis and might be treated conservatively
Authors: Liang Huaiyu , Xie Wen , Lin Xiaozhu , Wang Ting , Xie Jing , Wang Chaofu , Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Guo Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCarcinoma arising from a mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas is termed MCN with associated invasive carcinoma (MCN‐AIC) in the fifth WHO classification of digestive tumors (2019). The prognosis of this malignancy varies depending on the relationship of the invasive carcinoma to the cyst capsule, but limited data are available. This study identified 165 surgically resected MCNs including 15 MCN‐AICs from a single center between 2008 and 2018 and analyzed their clinicopathologic features. The results confirmed that non‐invasive MCNs were completely cured by surgery. All MCN‐AICs showing an encapsulated invasion pattern (defined as invasive carcinoma limited to the ovarian‐type stroma, cystic septa, and capsule) had an excellent prognosis with a 5‐year survival rate of 100%, even when the size of the invasive component was up to stage T2. By contrast, MCN‐AICs with extracapsular involvement had unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrates that the pattern of invasion of MCN‐AIC can predict patient prognosis. Pathologic stage T1 and T2 encapsulated MCN‐AICs may be completely cured with surgical resection alone or when combined with postoperative chemotherapy.
Solid state drive forensics analysis—Challenges and recommendations
Authors: Kumar Manish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolid state drive (SSD) is rapidly replacing hard disk drive (HDD) in almost all computing devices. With the exponential growth in SSD technologies, it is quite possible that very soon HDD will become obsolete. It is good news for the end‐users, but may not be so pleasant for the digital forensics examiners. It has been a challenge for the cyber‐crime investigator ever since the evolution of SSD technology. The intrinsic characteristics of SSD are not very supportive for forensic examiners. The TRIM function and background garbage process make it difficult to retrieve deleted artifacts from the SSD. The traditional disk write blocker cannot stop the background process. There is a lot of uncertainty involved in SSD data acquisition. Sometimes it is also difficult to prove the integrity of SSD in the court of law which makes the SSD's legal admissibility questionable. The objective of this article is to examine the uncertainty involved in SSD forensics with experimental analysis. This article discusses in detail the different components of SSD and its working principle followed by experimental forensics analysis, critical observations, guidelines, and recommendations.
Premature degeneration of tapetum cells causes monogenically controlled environmentally stable male sterility in psyllium
Authors: Kavane Aarti , Bishoyi Ashok Kumar , Sharma Anjali , Geetha K. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPsyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk.) is an important medicinal species cultivated throughout the semi‐arid areas in India. The seed coat, commercially known as psyllium husk, is used as a laxative for treating irritation of gastro‐intestinal tract and relieving constipation. There is an urgent need to enhance its productivity to make the crop more profitable. Artificial crossing is difficult in the species because of its small‐sized sessile florets that are compactly arranged on a soft inflorescence axis. Male sterility has been reported in the species; however, no conclusive studies have been conducted to reveal the inheritance, mode of action, and cytogenetic basis of male sterility. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine (a) the histological and cytogenetic bases of anther development and microsporogenesis in male‐sterile and fertile plant types and (b) the genetic basis of male sterility. The study revealed that male sterility in psyllium was not attributable to meiotic abnormality or to tetrad abnormalities, but it was attributable to premature degradation of the tapetum layer, which subsequently causes the microspore degeneration, resulting in nonproduction of pollen grains. Male sterility was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was found to be stable across years and hence can easily be bred into any psyllium genotypes of breeders’ choice. Newly developed male‐sterility‐maintainer line can be used to generate new sets of male‐sterile lines for hybrid seed production or harnessing hybrid vigor in the field.
Interfacial Electronic Coupling of NC@WO3‐W2C Decorated Ru Clusters as a Reversible Catalyst toward Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Yang Yuting , Shao Xue , Zhou Shuqing , Yan Puxuan , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Yang Xiulin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDesigning a bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significant toward developing sustainable hydrogen‐electric conversion systems. Herein, a cost‐effective bifunctional catalyst, Ru/N‐doped Carbon@WO3‐W2C (Ru/NC@WOC), was developed via co‐precipitation and polyol reduction. Ru/NC@WOC showed superior HOR/HER activity in alkaline solution in comparison with commercial Pt/C. HOR electrochemical tests showed that the mass activity at 0.05 V (1.96
) and exchange‐current density were 7.5 and 1.2 times that of Pt/C. Additionality, Ru/NC@WOC exhibited up 30‐fold HOR activity in mass activity compared with benchmark Ru/C. Moreover, it also displayed exceptional electrocatalytic HER with overpotentials of 31 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 119 mV at 100 mA cm−2, surpassing Pt/C, benchmark Ru/C, and most of the previously reported electrocatalysts. The outstanding catalytic activity of Ru/NC@WOC probably arises from the synergy between Ru and NC@WOC matrix, suitable hydrogen binding energy, and highly conductive substrate. Thus, this work may pave a new avenue to fabricate low‐cost bifunctional HOR/HER catalysts for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzer.
3‐Trifloxy‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)prop‐2‐ene 1‐Iminium Salts as Precursors for Elusive 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)prop‐2‐yne 1‐Iminium Salts
Authors: Keim Michael , Konetzke Katharina , Freytag Angelika , Maas Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbstract: 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)prop‐2‐yne 1‐iminium triflate salts were generated from 3‐trifloxy‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)prop‐2‐ene 1‐iminium salts by triethylamine‐assisted elimination of triflic acid and trapped in situ in various cycloaddition reactions. These included Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,3‐dienes, [2+2] cycloaddition with 1,4‐diphenylbuta‐1,3‐diene, and [3+2] cycloaddition with organoazides. All these reactions revealed the excellent dienophilic and dipolarophilic reactivity of the electrophilic C,C triple bond of the novel 3‐CF3‐propyniminium salts.