bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letters to the Editor
Authors: LOWE CHARLES U. 
Published: December 2021

A letter from Dr. Harry Bowman addressed to the Editor of Pediatrics was forwarded to me as Chairman of the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics for reply. The issue raised by Dr. Bowman concerning sterilization of formulas was discussed in some detail at a recent meeting of the Committee on Nutrition and below follows a summary of the position taken:
Dr. Bowman questions the necessity for terminal sterilization of formulas prepared in the home and asks whether current practices which utilize cleanliness rather than heat treatment for home formula preparation are safe.
Small Intestinal Biopsies
Authors: SCHUBERT WILLIAM K. 
Published: December 2021

We wish to comment on the last two paragraphs of R. R. Townley's excellent article, "Quantitative Assay of Disaccharidase Activities of Small Intestinal Mucosal Biopsy Specimens in Infancy and Childhood."
Although our experience with the biopsy procedure is somewhat less (176 biopsies) than that of Dr. Townley and his associates in Victoria and Boston, it has been collected entirely with the Crosby-Kugler capsule. We believe we are correct that many, if not the majority, of the 500 biopsies composing the composite series mentioned in Dr. Townley's paper were obtained with the Rubin biopsy tube, since that is the instrument most extensively used in Victoria and in Boston until relatively recently.
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE FRANK LEAD SYSTEM TO INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: Gamboa Raul , Gersony Welton M. 
Published: December 2021

The accuracy of the Frank corrected lead system has been investigated in experimental two-and three-dimensional models of newborn, 5-year-old child, and adult sizes. Analysis of results indicates that the system is relatively orthogonal and uniform throughout the "normal" heart area in the adult and 5-year-old child torsos, but significant peripheral distortions due to electrode proximity effects occurs in the presence of a "large" heart as well as in the "newborn," who normally has a greater heart-size/chest-size ratio.
The Frank system was found to display practically equal lead voltage response for each model, but an inverse relationship was demonstrated between surface potentials and chest circumference. The application of proportionality factors to compensate for body size variations has been suggested.
Finally, this study emphasizes that the reliability of results when using this system depends critically on correct lead placement, and this is of particular significance in infants and children.
DAILY COST PER CHILD AT THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, PHILADELPHIA IN 1877
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

1. Cost of a Child pen day, including food, wages, fuel, and medicines........... 38c
2. Cost of a Child per day, food only ........................................... 26c
3. Cost of a Child per day, including all expenditures (includes cost of operating a large dispensary, dispensing free advice and medicines for about 8,000 visits annually) ...................................................................54c
PUPILLARY DYSFUNCTION AS A CONCOMITANT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Rubin Leonard S. , Barbero Giulio J. , Chernick Warren 
Published: December 2021

This study extends previous observations on pupillary reactivity in patients with cystic fibrosis by carrying out measurements of pupillary dilatation and constriction under conditions of rest, stress, and after termination of a painful stimulus (homeostatic recovery) on 9 well children and 11 children with cystic fibrosis. At rest a significantly diminished rate and absolute level of dilatation was confirmed in the cystic fibrosis group with no difference in the two groups in pupillary constriction. During stress, the cystic fibrosis group showed a significantly smaller increase in pupillary dilatation and decrease in pupillary constriction than the normal group. During homeostatic recovery, the cystic fibrosis group showed a much slower response of the stress, darkadapted pupil diameter requiring 12 minutes before returning to the rest level while the normal group fell below the rest level within 1 minute. With respect to pupillary constriction, the normal children showed significantly smaller pupil diameters through the period of homeostatic recovery.
The results of these studies suggest that the generalized derangement of exocrine glands in cystic fibrosis may be concomitant with a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
The Association of Indirect Inguinal Hernia with Congenital Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
Authors: LANG DAVID J. 
Published: December 2021

In 1956 and 1957 the isolation of agents responsible for cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) in man was accomplished almost simultaneously in three laboratories. This group of viruses apparently consists of several related, although serologically distinct, agents. Information has now accumulated with regard to their properties as well as their relationship to clinical disease.
In 1964 Medearis described characteristics of congenital infections induced by cytomegaloviruses in eight children. Seven of the eight cases discussed in that report exhibited symptoms on the first day of life, and, of these congenitally infected infants, all the males manifested inguinal hernias in infancy.
Neonatal Anaesthesia
Authors: SMITH ROBERT M. 
Published: December 2021

Due to differences not only in size but also in bodily proportions, reaction to anesthetic agents and their general physiological response to operative procedures, the anesthetic management of infants differs markedly from that of adults. Consequently, detailed information on this subject is much needed.
This volume is a practical guide to neonatal anesthesia and offers an abundance of information on apparatus and techniques that are in common use today. In their presentation the authors have taken pains to describe a wide variety of methods and rarely dictate personal rules for choice of agent or case management.
TEMPORARY IDIOPATHIC NEONATAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
Authors: Geefhuysen J. 
Published: December 2021

The first case of temporary idiopathic neonatal hyperglycemia in an African infant from South Africa is reported. The condition presented with glycosuria, hyperglycemia, and acetonuria in a dysmature infant with a respiratory infection. The hyperglycemia disappeared by some 20 days later, without the use of insulin and in spite of recurrent pulmonary infections.
The presence of dysmaturity and acetonuria, or the insulin requirement, do not differentiate between true diabetes mellitus and temporary hyperglycemia. The etiology of temporary hyperglycemia may be related to the normal postnatal involution of pancreatic islet cell tissue.
The indications for insulin administration in the newborn with high blood sugar levels are failure to thrive, failure to maintain hydration, and persistent acidosis. Insulin should be given intravenously.
Recognition of Maltreatment and Prevention of the Battered Child Syndrome
Authors: FONTANA VINCENT J. 
Published: December 2021

The letters in Pediatrics by Dr. Harry Bloch (Pediatrics, 37:856, 1966) and Dr. Isaacson (Pediatrics, 38:523, 1966) certainly express the feelings of many physicians, particularly pediatricians who have been interested in the problem of child abuse and neglect.
The term "battered child," as coined by Kempe (J.A.M.A., 181:17, 1962), has surely served its purpose by bringing this all-important disease entity to the attention of the physician. Prior to his report the medical literature failed to give proper attention and recognition to the fact that children were being maltreated and battered by their own parents.
EARLY SURGICAL CORRECTION OF LARGE VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS
Authors: Sigmann Joan M. , Stern Aaron M. , Sloan Herbert E. 
Published: December 2021

A significant number of babies born with large ventricular septal defects present early in life as problems in management of congestive heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, marked growth retardation, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Review of patients born since December 1954 with ventricular septal defects and followed at our institution allowed for comparison between infants treated surgically and those patients treated either medically or requiring no specific therapy.
In 45 infants direct surgical closure of the ventricular defect was undertaken when supportive medical management alone appeared to be inadequate to insure survival or a normal life potential. There was an 80% survival with surgery. All 9 deaths occurred in patients having severe pulmonary hypertension; in some instances additional factors were believed to have contributed to the death of the infant. Nonetheless, surgical mortality appeared to be lower in the infants having severe pulmonary hypertension than among children with a comparable degree of hypertension who were operated on over the age of 2 years. Postmortem examination revealed pathologic changes of advanced pulmonary vascular obstructive disease at as early an age as 8 months.
Direct surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect was chosen in preference to the pulmonary artery handing procedure because it not only offers an immediate means of helping the sick infant but also should obviate the necessity of a second major surgical procedure when the patient is older. It is further anticipated that early correction of the septal defect will prove effective in many instances in preventing the serious consequences of pulmonary hypertension.
ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS AND HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Authors: Johnston W. H. , Angara Violetta , Baumal Ruth , Hawke W. A. , Johnson Robert H. , Keet Sylvia , Wood Margaret 
Published: December 2021

One hundred and twenty-nine children who had indirect serum bilirubin levels over 20 mg/100 ml during the neonatal period were examined at approximately 5 years of age. Only seven children showed sequelae. All had sensorineural hearing impairment, associated in three with aphasia, and in one with mental retardation. Three were mildly athetotic, three had hearing loss alone.
Our study would suggest that multiple exchange transfusions are effective in preventing long-term sequaelae due to hyperbilirubinemia.
Skin Dimples and Rubella
Authors: HAMMOND KEITH 
Published: December 2021

Apparently no one has reported a peculiar discrete, deep dimpling of the skin over the patella and certain bony prominences as a physical finding of early infancy. Consequently, the following patients and circumstances are described for the consideration of other physicians who might encounter, or have encountered, these peculiar dimples.
K.T. was born in 1963 and her physical findings at that time included some very striking dimples of the skin. These were present over each patella, over the radial styloid process and the lower end of the ulna at each wrist, over the bony medial and lateral epicondyles at each elbow, and one over each superior and inferior posterior iliac spine, neatly demarcating the sacral portion of the pelvic girdle.
CASE OF A REMARKABLY SMALL INFANT
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

A. G., a healthy woman, aged thirty-four years; has had five children; her youngest now two years old; pregnant, and expected to be confined some time in the early part of the month of January. She laboured under great anxiety of mind for the last four months, and was seized with labour-pains on the 8th instant. On the 10th, after forty-six hours of severe labour, she was delivered of a female child, of so very small a size, that it did not appear to have attained the sixth month, agreeing in this particular with the woman's calculation as to the time she should be confined. Not expecting it could survive more than an hour or so, it was rolled in a piece of fine flannel, and laid in a warm place. Contrary to all expectation, she survived, sucked vigorously, and was healthy in every respect. The ossification of the bones of the head was very imperfect; the sutures were broad enough to admit of the middle finger being laid between the bone; the fontanelles were of a correspondingly large size; and she has inguinal hernia on the left side. On the 14th [of November], she being then four days old, I weighed her accurately; the actual weight of the child was two pounds thirteen ounces.
Dec. 14, she being 34 days old, weighed 3 lb. 7 oz.
Dec. 27, she being 47 days old, weighed 4 lb, 4 oz.
Jan. 10, she being 61 days old, weighed 5 lb, 4 oz.
Jan. 25, she being 76 days old, weighed 5 lb, 12 oz.
March 4, she being 114 days old, weighed 8 lb, 8 oz.
It will be perceived that, in the first thirty days, she gained but ten ounces; in the thirteen that followed she gained thirteen ounces, averaging one ounce per diem. About the 1st of January she suffered a good deal from the hernia, and continued ill for four weeks, during which time she acquired only twenty-four ounces additional weight. From the 25th of January to the 4th of March, the period at which I weighed her last, her health had been very good, and during that time (thirty-eight days), she acquired forty-four ounces of additional weight, something more than an ounce in the day. She left this part of the country about the date of my last observation.—Cavan, April 18th, 1846. (From Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 1:562, May 1846.)
THYMIC ALYMPHOPLASIA, LYMPHOMA, AND DYS-γ-GLOBULINEMIA. HYPER-γA-, NORMO-γM-, HYPO-γG, A-γD-, AND γE-GLOBULINEMIA, PLASMACYTOSIS, NORMAL DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY, SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTIONS, AND COOMBS' POSITIVE ANEMIA
Authors: Goldman Armond S. , Haggard Mary E. , McFadden John , Ritzmann Stephan E. , Houston Elsie W. , Bratcher Raymond L. , Weiss Kurt G. , Box Edith M. , Szekrenyes Julius W. 
Published: December 2021

A male infant is described with thymic alymphoplasia; lymphocytopenia; lymphoid tissue hypoplasia; plasmacytosis of lymph nodes and marrow; dys-γ-globulinemia characterized by hyper-γA-, normo-γM-, hypo-γG-, and a-γD- and γE-globulinemia and decreased K- and λ-light chains with an increased K/λ light chain ratio; deficient formation of certain hemagglutinin, precipitin and neutralizing antibodies; the presence of skin-sensitizing, heat-labile reaginic antibodies and severe allergic reactions; normal delayed hypersensitivity; and a Coombs' positive anemia. Subsequently, a lymphoma involving bones, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney developed and terminally Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia appeared.
A male sibling who died at age 11 months manifested thymic aplasia, lymphoid tissue hypoplasia, pancytopenia and hypo-γ-globulinemia. The frequency of allergic disorders was increased in family members of these children.
CYTOGENETICS OF FETAL ABORTIONS
Authors: Waxman S. H. , Arakaki D. T. , Smith J. B. 
Published: December 2021

Eighty-five specimens (56%) of 149 samples of spontaneous fetal abortions grew initially in tissue culture. Sixty were cultivated with only minimal growth and were subsequently lost in attempted chromosomal preparations. Of the remaining 25 cultures, 10 had abnormal karyotypes. These consisted of one monosomy-3, three trisomy-16, one mosaic trisomy-16, one trisomy-F (19-20), an XO, two polyploid, and an unusually long unidentified translocation chromosome karotypes. The remaining 15 cultures had normal karyotypes.
The sex ratio as determined by sex chromatin was: males, 13 and females, 15. Eleven were confirmed chromosomally to be XY males and 13 to be XX females. Two of the trisomy-16, the mosiac trisomy, and the polyploid fetuses were males; the other four fetuses with abnormal karyotypes were females. The sex of the XO specimen could not be ascertained.
Elongated Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Intermittent Shunting
Authors: KOHLER COLETTE M. , MCNAMARA DAN G. 
Published: December 2021

The presence of patent ductus arteriosus without a typical continuous murmur has long been recognized, especially in the presence of pulmonary hypertension, or a small ductus, or with associated cardiac defects; however, there are only a few reports of documented, intermittently disappearing murmurs occurring in individuals over 6 months of age with a substantial shunt in the absence of pulmonary hypertension or associated defects. Danilowicz, et al. have recently reported delayed closure of the ductus anteriosus up to 6 months of age in some premature infants.
We present this case report of a 2½-year-old boy with patent ductus arteriosus with cardiac catheterizations during the disappearance and subsequent reappearance of a continuous murmur with documentation of absence of shunting when the murmur was absent and substantial shunting if the murmur was present.
WHAT THE NEGRO WANTS FOR HIS CHILDREN
Authors: BATES TALCOTT 
Published: December 2021

Johnie Scott, a 20-year-old who was born in a women's prison and raised in the slum of Watts, heard by chance of the Scholastic Aptitude Tests, took them, attended Harvard, and is now back in Watts. He writes of Watts as he knows it. His vivid first person description ends with a statement of the Negroes' "demands."
"The slum Negro will ask, for his children, parks (and in Watts there is but one); efficient care of those who need relief and medical care (and at present both the Bureau of Public Assistance and the Los Angeles County General Hospital are under fire for their inordinately slow treatment and processing of poor people); jobs that will reach the majority of the community's skills (there is no trade school in Watts, and there is but one in the entire city of Los Angeles); increased contact with social workers; a rapport with politician and policeman; good schools with space for growth as the community itself grows; and, most of all, communication with the outside world on a level other than that of fear."
PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Miller Denis R. , Baehner Robert L. , Diamond Louis K. 
Published: December 2021

Two cases of PNH in adolescence and childhood are reported. The first presented at age 7½ years with aplastic anemia and improved after splenectomy performed at age 14. The second, a 15-year-old girl, presented with a Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and has had a course complicated by multiple peripheral thromboses. The clinical and laboratory manifestations, complications, and certain therapeutic aspects of PNH are discussed. Anticoagulant therapy appears indicated in the presence of multiple thrombotic episodes.
Erythrocyte metabolic studies revealed normal glycolysis, ATP stability, and GSH content in the cells of a child with a normal reticulocyte count. Mild elevations of glycolysis, noted in the child with a reticulocytosis, was ascribed to a younger mean red cell population since further elevations found in the "top" reticulocyte-rich layer after centrifugation. Heparin, the anticoagulant used in these studies, had no adverse effect on glycolysis but did inhibit hemolysis and minimize ATP instability when compared to cells suspended in defibrinated serum.
Erythrocytes fractionated by centrifugation revealed increased glycolytic enzyme activities of hexokinase, G3PD, PGK, TPI, PK, LDH, G6PD, and 6PGD in the reticulocyte-rich layer. Normal, rather than increased activity of aldolase, a membrane enzyme, may reflect damage to the red cell membrane. PFK, known to be decreased in the erythrocyte of neonates, showed normal activity, but it was lowest in the reticulocyte-rich layer. Fetal hemoglobin was elevated in this layer.
AChE deficiency and increased suceptibility to hydrogen perioxide and acid hemolysis confirmed previous reports and were most marked in the young cell layer. The level of increased glycolytic rates and enzyme activity, AChE deficiency, acid hemolysis and peroxide hemolysis were related to the clinical severity of the disease.
Encephalopathy and Fatty Degeneration of the Viscera Associated with Chickenpox
Authors: JENKINS RAMON , DVORAK ANN , PATRICK JAMES 
Published: December 2021

A case of encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera associated with chickenpox is described. Evidence is adduced from reported necropsies on patients with chickenpox supporting the view that these two conditions are more commonly associated than has been previously believed.
Fatty degeneration of the liver may be the cause of hypoglycemia occurring during the course of chickenpox.
Acute Phenothiazine Toxicity in Childhood: A Five-Year Survey
Authors: GUPTA J. M. , LOVEJOY F. H. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty patients with phenothiazine toxicity admitted to the Children's Hospital Medical Center have been reviewed. In any patient presenting with bizarre neurological symptoms, phenothiazine toxicity should be borne in mind.
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) was found to be useful in both diagnosis and treatment. The use of phenothiazines in the treatment of acute nausea and vomiting in childhood is questioned.
Subject Matter of PEDIATRICS
Authors: ROGERS W. B. 
Published: December 2021

Huzzas to Dr. R. A. Norton and his letter to you in the March issue of Pediatrics! As a practicing pediatrician, and a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics, I agree that our official publication is valueless to me.
Your "Commentaries" and "Review Article" are good. The other "Articles," and even your "Experience and Reason," are worthless to me.
I have read the references you quote in answer to Dr. Norton's letter. I understand your rationalizing what you are trying to do. But you are not helping me practice good pediatrics!
Letters to the Editor
Authors: THELANDER H. E. 
Published: December 2021

The Letter to the Editor by Dr. R. A. Norton in the March issue of Pediatrics must express the sentiments of many pediatricians in private practice.
The American Academy of Pediatrics was started by and for the practicing pediatricians. Prior to its organization, the only society was the American Pediatric Society, which for many years limited its membership to 100. The purpose of the Academy was to give all qualified, practicing pediatricians an organization in which they would have an opportunity to exchange ideas.
Sudden Death in Infancy
Authors: FRASER G. R. , FROGGATT P. 
Published: December 2021

We were much interested to see the excellent review article on sudden and unexpected death in infancy in the January issue of Pediatrics (39:123, 1967).
We have been working for some years on the condition of congenital deafness with abnormalities of the electrocardiogram, and we feel that this and other genetically determined disorders of cardiac conduction must play a definite though possibly numerically minor role in the causation of sudden and unexpected death in infancy.
The Battered Child
Authors: HALPERN SALMON R. 
Published: December 2021

I am terribly disturbed by the Editor's reply to Dr. Harry Bloch's letter concerning "The Battered Child" which appeared in the April issue of Pediatrics (39:625, 1967).
As I understand, Dr. Bloch is greatly concerned about the battered child in the fullest implication of this term. "The victims of slums, poverty, inadequate educational facilities, discrimination; the millions of starving children; the many criminally ruined by drug addiction; the thousands of children injured and killed in accidents, the tragic black child emotionally, physically, and mentally battered; the burned and broken children, victims of war, napalm, and chemicals; the more than one million children murdered in Nazi crematoria and concentration camps.
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Infancy
Authors: MARKS JAMES F. 
Published: December 2021

Both authors of this text have extensive experience in the area about which they are writing. They skillfully blend their own experience with pertinent studies in the medical literature to make an interesting, informative, and readable book.
The book is divided into five major portions. Part I, or introduction, considers carbohydrate metabolism, metabolic adjustments in pregnancy, and carbohydrate homeostasis of the neonate. Part II relates to problems of the neonate with specific headings including infant of the diabetic mother, transient symptomatic hypoglycemia in the neonate, and transient diabetes mellitus in early infancy.