bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Rise at the Pulp-Dentin Junction for a Multi-Layered Composite Restoration using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Ridha Ali Mohammed , Aidinis Konstantinos , Suliman Abdul Haq 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
During the light-curing process of composite restoration, excessive heat can be produced, which can potentially lead to pulp necrosis (death). In this study, we aimed, based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), to assess the risk of pulp damage during the light-curing process by investigating the influence of light-curing devices, under various irradiation regimes, on the temperature increase at the pulp-dentin junction, during a one-layer or multi-layered deep composite restoration.

Methods:
A Three-dimensional finite element method model of typical geometry and material properties, as commonly reported in the literature, was employed in COMSOL Multiphysics simulations in order to determine the temperature increase in the pulp. Various combinations of light intensities, durations, and irradiation regimes were investigated for the two cases, of shallow and deep multi-layered composite restoration.

Results:
Results of light-curing composite resins within enamel; indicate that the temperature rise during the curing process was within the safety margins. Results of light-curing composite resin restorations closer to the pulp with thin remaining dentin, indicate a temperature increase that could be sufficient to cause thermal injury in the pulp. Modulating the light output marginally, reduced the temperature rise while reducing the intensity and increasing the curing duration which was consistently more effective in this respect.

Conclusion:
The results clearly demonstrate that with currently adopted standard procedures, there exists a risk of thermal injury during multi-layered composite restorations with thin remaining dentin; it is thus important to establish appropriate curing regimes that would lead to minimal temperature increase during deep composite restorations and hence reduce the risk of thermal injury to the pulp.
RNN-based Fault Detection Method for MMC Photovoltaic Gridconnected System
Authors: Pang Yuqi , Ma Gang , Xu Xiaotian , Liu Xunyu , Zhang Xinyuan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Fast and reliable fault detection methods are the main technical challenges
faced by photovoltaic grid-connected systems through Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) during
the development.

Objective:
Existing fault detection methods have many problems, such as the inability of non-linear
elements to form accurate analytical expressions, the difficulty of setting protection thresholds, and
the long detection time.

Method:
Aiming at the problems above, this paper proposes a rapid fault detection method for photovoltaic
grid-connected systems based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN).

Results:
The phase-to-mode transformation is used to extract the fault feature quantity to get the
RNN input data. The hidden layer unit of the RNN is trained through a large amount of simulation
data, and the opening instruction is given to the DC circuit breaker.

Conclusion:
The simulation verification results show that the proposed fault detection method
has the advantage of faster detection speed without difficulties in setting and complicated calculation.
Do Consumption Values in Heritage Food Play a Role in the Development of Behavioural Intentions?
Authors: Saad Mazni , Kamarizzaman Nur Assyiqin , Ishak Noriza , Pratt Thomas James 
Published: September 2021

This study explores the state of tourists' perception of Pahang heritage food. Data were obtained from 164 tourists through social media applications. The survey outcomes were encouraging, which showed a positive and significant influence between food consumption values and a domestic tourist's behavioral intentions to consume heritage foods. These findings will help Pahang's destination managers better understand how the promotion of heritage foods can be utilized to attract future domestic tourism. Marketers should increase familiarity with heritage foods, particularly among potential domestic tourists, as familiarity may increase emotional values.
Keywords: Consumption Value; Heritage Food; Behavioral Intentions; Domestic Tourists
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2021 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v6i19.387
Features of phagocytosis function in children of preschool age depending on the incidence of acute respiratory diseases
Authors: Ovcharenko L.S. , Tymoshyna O.V. , Vertehel A.O. , Andrienko T.G. , Samokhin I.V. , Kryazhev O.V. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Recently, with the emergence of new pathogenic viruses’ variants, attention is drawn to the functioning status of innate immunity components, which are able to neutralize unknown microorganisms at the early stages of infection. Therefore, the study of phagocytosis disorders in children with respiratory recurrent infectious diseases will supply the scientific data on the processes of age-dependent formation of antimicrobial protection. The purpose: to improve the diagnosis of innate immune disorders in preschool children with respiratory recurrent infectious on the background of new data on phagocytosis parameters. Materials and methods. Sixty children aged from 2 to 5 years were observed. Two groups were formed: 1) children with respiratory tract acute infectious more than 6 times per year (n = 30); 2) children with respiratory acute infectious 6 or fewer times per year (n = 30). Results. The children of group 1 presented with statistically significantly increased cases of low phagocytic counts (by 60.0 %, p < 0.05), phagocytic index (by 56.0 %, p < 0.05), index of phagocytosis completeness (70.0 %, p < 0.05), neutrophil phagocytic activity stimulated by Staphylococcus (50.0 %, p < 0.05) and high rates of spontaneous neutrophil phagocytic activity (43.3 %, p < 0.05), increased serum level of interleukin-1β (46.7 %, p < 0 05), interleukin-6 (43.3 %, p < 0.05), interleukin-10 (by 30.0 %, p < 0.05), TNF (by 46.7 %, p < 0.05). Conclusions. In children aged 2–5 years with respiratory acute infectious diseases more than 6 times per year, phagocytic dysfunction was established. It is manifested itself in a decrease of phagocytosis absorption and stimulated metabolic activity on the background of increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines serum level, ie cytokine imbalance.
STABILITY INDICATIVE AND COST EFFECTIVE ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF FENOFIBRIC ACID AND PITAVASTATIN BY USING RP-HPLC
Authors: RAMCHANDRAN D. , KETHIPALLI ANITHA , KRISHNAMURTHY MANNAM 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The current investigation was pointed at developing and progressively validating novel, simple, responsive and stable RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients of Fenofibric acid and Pitavastatin.
Methods: A simple, selective, validated and well-defined stability that shows gradient RP-HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Fenofibric acid and Pitavastatin. The chromatographic strategy utilized X-bridge phenyl column of dimensions 250x4.6 mm, 5 micron, using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1 percent formic acid (60:40). A flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 242 nm utilizing the PDA detector were given in the instrumental settings.
Results: Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. LOD and LOQ for the two active ingredients were established with respect to test concentration. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2 > 0.999, means the linearity was within the limit. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness were determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.
Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in assay condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of the selected drugs.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOATING TABLET DOSAGE FORM OF DUAL DELIVERY OF DRUG CURCUMIN AND BERBERINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION BY UV SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: MAJUMDER KOLLOL KUMAR , KUMAR MANISH , PAHWA RAKESH , LAMBA AVNEET KAUR , SHANKAR RAVI , TIWARI ABHISHEK , TIWARI VARSHA , RISHABH  
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a combinational floating tablet of curcumin and berberine HCl utilizing synthetic polymers synthetic HPMC K-15M and evaluate its various characteristics.
Methods: The formulations were developed by the process of wet granulation and evaluated for drug content, content uniformity, floating lag time, total floating time, in vitro buoyancy studies, and in vitro drug release profile. A simultaneous estimation method for curcumin and berberine was developed using U. V spectroscopy.
Results: The results clearly indicated that the tablets produced were having acceptable physical parameters. The absence of any drug/polymer/excipient interactions was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the drug content of was in between 96.22 to 99.45 % in all the formulations. Because of their low densities, in vitro floatability tests showed that most of the tablets floated for more than 8 h. The in vitro release studies confirmed the sustained release of more than 80 percent of drug contained within a period of 8 h. In vitro buoyancy was good in all three batches (F1-F3). The overall floating time for the F2 formulation was 24 h. After one month of storage at 40 °C and 75 percent RH, the F2 formulation showed no noticeable change in physical as well as pharmaceutical performance characteristics.
Conclusion: Floating tablets of curcumin and berberine was successfully developed and had passed on various pharmaceutical parameters.
BIOCOMPUTATIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM ZINGIBER OFFICINALE (GINGER), ALLIUM SATIVUM (GARLIC), AND MURRAYAKOENIGII (CURRY LEAF) IN CONTRAST TO TYPE 2-DIABETES
Authors: BHOWMIK RATUL , ROY SHUBHAM , SENGUPTA SOUNOK , SHARMA SAMEER 
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of the flavonoid class of phytochemicals present in ginger (Zingiber Officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), and curry leaf (Murrayakoenigii) against some receptors of type-2 diabetes such as human aldose reductase receptor, mitogen synthase kinase receptor, as well as dipeptidyl peptidase receptor by implementing several in silico analysis techniques.
Methods: The 3D structures of the flavonoid class of phytochemicals of all the three plants were retrieved from the PubChem database in 3D SDF format and were converted to PDB format using PyMol software. These phytochemicals were subjected to in silico tools such as SwissADME, Pre-ADMET, and iMODS web server. The PDB-IDs of the targeted receptors human aldose reductase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, and mitogen synthase kinase were retrieved from Protein Data Bank in PDB format. All these receptors were then prepared for docking procedure using Autodock Tools. Now, both the prepared proteins and ligands were subjected to docking analysis using Pyrex (AutodockVina).
Results: Naringenin and kaempferol showed excellent docking results with the aldose reductase receptor. On the other hand, rutin showed the best docking score with dipeptidyl peptidase receptor-IV, whereas, epigallocatechin showed the best docking results with mitogen synthase kinase receptor. The ADME analysis showed that resveratrol had the best gastrointestinal absorption as well as high blood-brain barrier permeability.
Conclusion: Overall, the molecular docking results when analyzed showed a good binding affinity with the targeted receptors of diabetes. The ADME analysis and molecular docking results of the phytochemicals concluded that these compounds can be used as a potential cure for treating diabetes.
Oil price shock in the US and the euro area – evidence from the shadow rate and the term premium
Authors: Pažický Martin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the consequences of oil price changes for the economy of the US and the euro area. Oil price transmission channel is assessed using Granger causalities and structural vector autoregressive (VAR) specifications (applying the Cholesky factorization and the restrictions following the method of Blanchard and Quah). The conventional oil price transmission channel is extended by a shadow policy rate and term premium, as the importance of both indicators has been growing rapidly in recent years. The results confirm that the oil price shock is not negligible in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and in the subsequent period of monetary policy normalization. The findings are confirmed by the outcomes of the Bayesian VAR specification with sign restrictions. The consequences of changes in oil prices have significantly grown since the introduction of unconventional monetary instruments. The magnitude of the response of industrial production, price level and shadow interest rate to the oil price shock is strongest in the period corresponding to the unconventional monetary policy. In many cases, however, the reaction is short-lived. The conventional instrument (policy rate) in the euro area has still not been sufficient to stabilize the economy in the recent period of monetary policy normalization in the US.
СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ СОЮЗІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КРАЇН ВИШЕГРАДСЬКОЇ ГРУПИ)
Authors: Pistrakevych Olena 
Published: September 2021

У статті досліджено національні стратегії розвитку штучного інтелекту в країнах Вишеградської групи, прийняті за рекомендаціями Європейської Комісії в контексті Стратегії розвитку штучного інтелекту в ЄС. У 2018 р. Європейська Комісія на конференції Digital Day 2018 об’єднала міністрів та представників країн ЄС для заохочення співпраці у галузі штучного інтелекту, блокчейну, охорони здоров’я та інновацій, спираючись на прогрес, досягнутий на шляху створення єдиного цифрового ринку, на якій зокрема європейські країни підписали Декларацію про співробітництво в галузі штучного інтелекту. Польща, Чехія, Угорщина та Словаччина прийняли спільну позицію щодо штучного інтелекту та його потенціалу для розвитку економіки Європейського Союзу, розробивши та впровадивши національні стратегії, аналіз яких дає змогу виявити основні тенденції та механізми реалізації цифрової політики окремих країн ЄС. Кожна з зазначених країн, починаючи з 2018 року почала свій шлях у сфері штучного інтелекту, розробляючи та реалізуючи національні стратегії розвитку штучного інтелекту, враховуючи власні реалії та пріоритети. Разом з тим ці країни спільно працюють на досягнення загальноєвропейських цілей, що передбачає успішну цифрову трансформацію Європи; перехід до кліматично нейтральної, кругової та стійкої економіки з цифровим суверенітетом ЄС; проведення цифрової політики, яка надає людям та бізнесу змогу рухатися назустріч орієнтованому на людину, стійкому та процвітаючому цифровому майбутньому.
ІСТОРИЧНІ ЕТАПИ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ В ЄГИПТІ
Authors: Kopachinska Galina , Mandryk Iryna , Suhak Ivan 
Published: September 2021

В статті було вивчено Єгипет як одну з провідних туристичних дистанцій сучасного світу. Обґрунтована необхідність дослідження та аналізу основних етапів становлення туризму в Єгипті. Було розглянуто характерні риси державотворення Єгипту. Доведено, яким чином історія становлення державності в Єгипті впливала на особливості зародження та еволюції туризму в ньому. Вивчено основні праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців щодо аналізу розвитку туризму та становлення туристичної галузі в державі. Розглянуто наукові методи, застосування котрих дозволяє комплексно вивчити та проаналізувати історичні етапи становлення туризму в державі. На основі отриманих результатів дослідження в статті було запропоновано виокремлення 3 основних етапів історичного розвитку туризму в Єгипті, а саме: 1) початковий (IV ст. до н. е. - початок ХХ ст.), що характеризується появою перших подорожей до Єгипту та з нього на основі торгових, пізнавальних, освітніх та військових мотивів, нарощенням культурно-пізнавального потенціалу держави, будівництвом всесвітньовідомих культурно-історичних пам’яток; 2) зародження та еволюція організованого туризму (поч. ХХ ст. – кінець ХХ ст.), що характеризується організацією перших туристичних подорожей, а також їх активізацією, закладанням основ для розвитку туристичної індустрії, появою масового туризму, нарощенням туристичного потенціалу держави; 3) сучасний (поч. ХХІ ст. - дотепер), що характеризується активним розвитком Єгипту як одного з найвідоміших туристичних центрів Африканського туристичного регіону. В статті було розкрито основні характеристики кожного з досліджуваних етапів. Обґрунтовано доцільність їх виділення в таких часових рамках, які представлені в статті. Було проаналізовано основні види подорожей до Єгипту та з нього до початку ХХІ ст., а також основні види туризму, які представлені в державі на сучасному етапі. В статі було вивчено політико-правові, соціально-економічні та культурні чинники розвитку туризму в державі на кожному з запропонованих історичних етапів. Було розглянуто основні характеристики розвитку туризму в Єгипті на сучасному етапі та обґрунтовано основні перспективи подальших досліджених з обраної наукової тематики.
COLLOID CYST OF THE THIRD VENTRICLE
Authors: ASHRAF NAVEED , AZEEMI MUHAMMAD AKMAL , SAJJAD FAUZIA , Ghouri Asma 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Cerebrospinal fluid shunting or microsurgical resection of the colloid cysts of the third ventricle have long been a standard treatment. The emergence of neuroendoscopy has lead to its application in various neurosurgical problems. Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is one such pathology where endoscopic treatment has been performed with great clinical success during the past decade. We now Although considered less efficacious than microsurgical excision endoscopic excision is less invasive and much simpler.Objectives: (1) to assess the extent of excision (2) to assess the morbid anatomy of the colloid cyst (3) to assess the risk of complications (4) to assess the functional outcome. Period: Eight years (Jul 2001-June 2009) Materials and Methods: Endoscopic resections of 15 colloid cysts of the third ventricle with obstruction of Foramina of Monroe in all cases. Results: Total removal was achieved in 10 (66.7%) cases. In 5 (33.3%) patients the colloid material was evacuated completely while the remnant of the capsule adherent to its origin was left behind. Two (13.3%) patients developed meningitis one week postoperatively and one diedsubsequently. Nine (60%) patients had excellent recovery as the symptoms were relieved during a period of 3 to 24 months. Five (33.3%) of the total patients required ventriculoperitoneal shunt for obstructivey drocephalus which developed with in 2 weeks after surgery. One out of the total number of patients deteriorated postoperatively on the existing neurological deficit. There has not been any recurrence until now with subtotal excision of the capsule. Conclusions: Keyhole surgery under endoscopic visual control offers an alternative, very effective minimally invasive approach for the excision of colloid cyst of the third ventricle and is likely to replace microsurgical resection as a standard procedure.
ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: KAUSAR ROBINA , YASMEEN LUBNA 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare short antibiotic prophylaxis versus prolonged antibiotic regime in terms of morbidity control of infection in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Study Design and Settings: It was a experimental study done in Gynae/Obs unit I Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of one year. Patients and Methods: Total of 200 patients selected randomly were admitted in antenatal ward for elective caesarean section. All these booked patients with age less then 40 years, gestational age of > 38 weeks, Hb >10g/dl, with no signs of genitourinary or respiratory tract infection were included in the study. These patients were divided in two groups with 100 patients in each group. In group I, short antibiotic prophylaxis in form of three doses of injectable antibiotic was given. In group II prolonged antibiotic regime wasgiven as 5 days course. Augmentin was chosen as it has proven efficacy and good coverage for microorganisms of urogential tract and skin. Injection Augmentin was given in dose of 1.2g (1g Amoxycillin + 200mg clavulanic acid) I/V x BD. All operation were performed by transverse lower segment caesarean section by registrars and consultants. Anaesthesia used was mostly spinal and more than 80% of the patients were having body mass index of <30. These patients were followed in postnatal ward for post operative infectious morbidity till discharge. Data collected through proformas was entered in computer and analyzed using SPSS. Result: Over all post operative infectious morbidity in group I was 29% and in group II 30% (p = 0.877). Post operative fever in group I was 09% and group II 08% (p = 0.800), while frequency of endometritiswas found to be same in both groups which was 03%. No case of chest infection was recorded in both groups. Only 5% patients in group I and 4% patients in group II were reported to have urinary tract infection (p = 0.733). The most common complication found during study was wound infection, the rate being 12% in group I and 15% in group II (p = 0.535). So the overall results showed no statistically significant differencebetween two groups. Conclusion: Short antibiotic prophylaxis is as effective as prolonged antibiotic regimen. As it is cost effective and most of our patients come from low socio economic class, so this short antibiotic prophylaxis should be recommended routinely for all elective caesarean sections.
CLAVICLE FRACTURES
Authors: HAIDER IRFAN ZAFAR , KHAN TAHIR AHMAD , KHAN TAHIR AHMAD 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To emphasize upon the frequency of fractures of clavicle due to indirect blunt trauma caused by road traffic accidents and falls from heights and their sequalae. Design: Observational descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Bannu during a period of two years from June 2003 to May 2005. Patients and Methods: Patients included in the study were the trauma patients brought to Combined Military Hospital Bannu during a civil –military conflict in tribal areas of North and South aziristan . Patients had sustained multiple injuries mostly due to road traffic accidents in hilly terrain , falls from heights and combat scuffles. Out of these trauma victims, 746 patients fractures of the clavicle were grouped, analyzed, treated with standard treatment methods and patients were followed up for the varying periods of time. Results: Out of 746 patients treated at our hospital, 84 were having fracture of clavicle(10.8%). 53 patients (63.1%) with clavicle fracture had fracture involving middle third of the clavicle , 20 patients (23.8%)had fracture of lateral third, and 11patients (13.1%) had fractures involving medial third of the clavicle. Conclusion: Clavicle is a bone which is at risk of fracture in cases of indirect blunt traumabecause the first human reaction in any violence or assault is to protect oneself by using the upper limbs. Its peculiar development and anatomical shape makes it vulnerable to fracture in most physical insults. However , it usually unites by conservative methods and even considerable non-union does not significantly affect function.