bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Zero Carbohydrate, Carnivore Diet can Normalize Hydrogen Positive Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Lactulose Breath Tests: A Case Report
Authors: Martin Peter , Johansson Martina , Ek Annelie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a clinical condition characterized by an excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine. Clinical symptoms might be non-specific (dyspepsia, bloating or abdominal discomfort). Nevertheless, SIBO can cause severe malabsorption, serious malnutrition, immune reactions, and deficiency syndromes. This retrospective case report introduces six patients with positive lactulose hydrogen SIBO breath tests. The patients chose between different therapeutic options and willingly consented to a nutritional intervention, based on a zero carbohydrate, zero fibre, carnivore diet, extended over two to six weeks of time. The rationale for this dietary approach was based on the idea that opportunistic, carbohydrate favouring bacteria and methanogens proliferate in the small intestines if the natural barriers in the digestive tract have been weakened due to stress, illness, medication, etc. A zero carbohydrate, carnivore diet, consisting of animal fats and protein, could essentially eliminate these carbohydrate favouring bacteria through starvation while still providing plenty of both calories and nutrients.Methods: six patients from our functional medicine clinic followed a strict zero carb, zero fiber, carnivore diet for 2-6 weeks. A lactulose breath test was performed immediately before and after the dietary change as well as extensive medical testing. Results: five patients that followed the carnivore diet for four weeks or longer tested negative for SIBO, and the one patient that only endured the diet for two weeks had a near complete eradication of her hydrogen elevation. Methane values were generally low both before and after the dietary treatment, but there was a significant decrease in patients 3 and 5.Conclusions: The carbohydrate, zero fibre, carnivore diet shows great potential for being a readily available, cost-effective, and equally effective alternative treatment for SIBO. According to our observations it also results in better satisfaction after meals, decreases cravings for sweets and generate weight-loss in patients where it is needed.
Study on the Mechanism of Erucamide Mediating Anti-stress Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Glycine Cleavage
Authors: Cuiying Qin , Feng Chuyu , He Zhenfeng , Wang Zhanle , Qin Changyun , Wang Qiyou , Guo Jiquan , Yang Biping , Zang Linquan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: In order to research the erucamide effect on Stress-induced rats liver injury and potential mechanism of the protect effect.Methods: Stress-induced liver injury in SD rats was used as an in vivo model. Adult female SD rats were differentiated into three groups: Normal group, SLI(Stress-induced liver injury)-group and [SLI+Erucamide (95.4uM/Kg)]-treated group. In addition, the transcriptomes from 9 liver tissues were sequenced using an Illumina sequencing platform, screened the differentially expressed genes and related cell signal transduction pathways. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, observe the pathological changes of rats liver tissues by HE staining , and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by microplate method. Human LO2 cells was used for in vitro model, the cells in the logarithmic growth phase were differentiated into normal group, corticosterone groups, erucamide, and glycine intervention groups. Corticosterone (300uM) was used to induce LO2 cell damage in vitro. And using tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method to determine and calculate cells viability. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the morphology of hepatocyte apoptosis.Result: This study showed that erucamide has a significant effect on Stress-induced liver injury in rats, which is proved by HE staining test and ALT / AST detection experiment (p<0.05). The results of transcriptomes indicated that erucamide could inhibit the cleavage of glycine to prevent stress-induced liver injury in rats. Moreover, RT-qPCR results demonstrated that erucamide reduced the expression of DLD and AMT(p<0.05) genes in glycine cleavage system, thereby reducing glycine cleavage. Compared with the SLI group, erucamide inhibited UNC5B gene expression(p<0.05), which is related to cell apoptosis, indicating that erucamide can inhibit cell apoptosis. In addition, erucamide inhibited the expression of GPSM3 (p<0.05) and IGSF11 that are associated with inflammation. In addition, both erucamide and glycine could prevent the damage of LO2 hepatocytes induced by CORT. Erucamide and Glycine were effective in preventing Crot-induced LO2 cell damage.Conclusions: In this research, erucamide inhibits the cleavage of glycine to anti-stress liver injury in rats.
Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated With Growth Among Children Aged 0 to 23 Months; Analysis of the Zambia 2018 Demographic and Healthy Survey Data
Authors: Kumwenda Chiza , Zgambo Lukonde Mwelwa , Umugwaneza Maryse , Nthani Dorothy , Silavwe Hilda Nyambe , Audain Keiron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continued breastfeeding up to 24 months and beyond. Breastfeeding is beneficial for infant growth, development, and survival. Evidence on the association between breastfeeding duration and growth is not conclusive. The aim of the present study was to establish the association between breastfeeding duration and growth among infants and young children. MethodsThe study is based on data from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The primary outcome for the study was height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). Association between HAZ and breastfeeding duration was assessed by using regression analysis. ResultsThe overall mean ± SD for HAZ was -1.24 ± 1.46 and the median (interquartile range) breastfeeding duration was 9 (4-14 months). After controlling for potential confounders, breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with HAZ (β=-0.07, p<0.001) and WHZ (β=-0.04, p<0.001). Path analysis demonstrated that the effect of breastfeeding duration is independent of child’s birth weight and maternal perceived birth size. Other determinants of HAZ were child’s weight and sex, while WHZ was predicted by maternal age, diarrhea episode and child’s birth weight. ConclusionBreastfeeding duration is negatively associated with both HAZ and WHZ among Zambian children. However, the magnitudes of the association are quite small to be of clinical significance. Thus, breastfeeding should continue to be promoted, protected and supported from birth up to two years and beyond.
Single-cell metabolic imaging reveals a RhoA-triggered glycolytic burst in motile endothelial cells
Authors: Wu David , Harrison Devin , Szasz Teodora , Yeh Chih-Fan , Shentu Tzu-Pin , Meliton Angelo , Huang Ru-Ting , Zhou Zhengjie , Mutlu Gökhan , Huang Jun , Fang Yun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Single-cell motility is spatially heterogeneous and driven by metabolic energy. Direct linking cell mobility to cell metabolism is technically challenging but biologically important. Here we implemented a single-cell metabolic imaging assay to measure glycolysis in individual endothelial cells using genetically-encoded biosensors capable of deciphering metabolic heterogeneity with subcellular resolution. We observed that cellular glycolysis fuels endothelial activation, migration and contraction and that the high lactate production sites co-localize with active cytoskeletal remodeling within an endothelial cell. Mechanistically, we found RhoA induces endothelial glycolysis for the phosphorylation of cofilin and myosin light chain in order to reorganize the cytoskeleton and thus control cell mobility; RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of a glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial types. Together, our results discovered that Rho-GTPase signaling coordinates energetic metabolism with cytoskeleton remodeling to regulate the motility of single endothelial cells.
The Possible Origin of miRNAs Differentially Regulated in Leiomyoma Progenitors
Authors: Vincenzo Mariangela Di , Quattro Concetta De , Rossato Marzia , Lazzarini Raffaella , Carpini Giovanni Delli , Ciavattini Andrea , Orciani Monia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Leiomyoma are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the world and have a strong economic impact on health care systems; many different mechanisms have been considered for their aetiology, such as inflammation, dysregulated progenitor cells or different regulation of miRNAs. After performing a whole genome miRNA profiling in progenitor cells (PCs) derived from healthy myometrium (MPCs) and from leyomioma (LPCs), only 15 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between MPCs and LPCs. Progenitor cells from Amniotic Fluid (AFPCs) are considered the most undifferentiated cells after the embryonic ones. Here we try to clarify if the miRNAs differently regulated between leiomyoma and myometrium cells arise as a conversion of MPCs along the differentiation process or if they may originate from a divergent cell commitment. To track the origin of the dysregulation, miRNA expression was analyzed in AFPCs (considered as surrogate for embryonic cells), MPCs and LPCs.Methods: MPCs, LPCs and AFPCs were isolated and subjected to whole genoma miRNA profiling; the expression of the 15 miRNAs previously identified as differentially regulated in MPCs and LPCs was compared to that detected in AFPCs.Results: Clustering analysis sub-grouped the 15 miRNAs into 4 major clusters that converge to the KEGG pathways: Adherens junction, ECM-receptor interaction, TGFβ signaling and cell cycle. miRNAs are differentially regulated in MPCs and LPCs compared to AFPCs and 10/15 of them show statistically significant variations between MPCs and LPCs. Conclusion(s): Our results seem to point that a linear physiological differentiation axis exists from AFPCS to MPCs that, under particular insults, pathologically continues toward LPCs. Clustering analysis sub-grouped the 15 miRNAs into 4 major clusters that converge to the KEGG pathways: Adherens junction, ECM-receptor interaction, TGFβ signaling and cell cycle. miRNAs are differentially regulated in MPCs and LPCs compared to AFPCs and 10/15 of them show statistically significant variations between MPCs and LPCs. Our results seem to point that a linear physiological differentiation axis exists from AFPCS to MPCs that, under particular insults, pathologically continues toward LPCs.
Chloroquine Decreases Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Improves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hirata Takaya , Baba Shiro , Akagi Kentaro , Yoshinaga Daisuke , Umeda Katsutsugu , Adachi Souichi , Heike Toshio , Takita Junko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe degenerative skeletal and cardiac muscle disease, has a poor prognosis, and no curative treatments are available. Because autophagy has been reported to contribute to skeletal muscle degeneration, therapies targeting autophagy are expected to improve skeletal muscle hypofunction. However, the role of this regulatory mechanism has not been evaluated clearly in DMD cardiomyocytes. Methods: In the present study, we demonstrated that autophagy was enhanced in the cardiomyocytes of mdx mice, a model of DMD, and that increased autophagy contributed to the development of cardiomyopathy in this context. Results: As assessed by GFP-mRFP-LC3 transfection, autophagosomes were more abundant in cardiomyocytes of mdx mice compared with control wild-type (WT) mice. The number of autophagosomes was significantly enhanced by isoproterenol-induced cardiac stress (4 weeks) in cardiomyocytes of mdx but not WT mice. Simultaneously, isoproterenol increased cardiomyocyte fibrosis in mdx but not WT mice. Administration of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly decreased cardiomyocyte autophagy and fibrosis in mdx mice, even after isoproterenol treatment. Left ventricle size and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricular contraction was decreased in mdx mice after isoproterenol treatment compared with control mice, which was alleviated by chloroquine administration.Conclusions: These findings suggested that heart failure of DMD could be associated with autophagy. Therefore, autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine, are a potential therapeutic modality for heart failure in DMD patients.
The motivational profile does matter: an exploratory survey on the influence of remote office work on physical behavior during the COVID19 lockdown
Authors: Cabrita Miriam , Bulthuis Roos , Tabak Monique 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: With the COVID-19 global pandemic most office workers were forced to work remotely, possibly leading to a reconfiguration of settled patterns of physical behavior, often characterized by a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to investigate the motivational profile, facilitators, and barriers that might have influenced a change in physical activity while working remotely due to the COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed in May-June 2020 including demographics; self-reported physical- and work behavior throughout the day before and during lockdown; Sports Motivation Scale-II assessing motivation for being physically active; and rating on facilitators, and barriers for engaging in physical activity during lockdown. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was computed to investigate differences between those participants who become more-, less-, and equally active during COVID-19 lockdown.Results: Ninety-nine people (Female=66) completed the questionnaire. Forty-four percent of the participants considered themselves less active than before the lockdown. Respondents reporting higher physical activity (28%) were more intrinsically motivated to be physically active. The most important facilitators for physical activity were ‘good weather’, ‘no work-related travel’, and ‘flexible work schedules’. The most important barriers were ‘no active transport’, ‘closed facilities’, and ‘work fatigue’.Conclusions: Strategies that adapt to the weather and fit the work schedule could facilitate physical activity among remote office workers. The results of this study will be used to design interventions to promote an active lifestyle among office workers, personalized to their motivation profile, needs, and preferences.
The value of p16INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients
Authors: Zhang Dai , Song Jie , Zhang Xiaosong , Bi Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aims to evaluate the value of p16INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients in Beijing, China. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the value of p16INK4a immunostaining, as well as cytology and colposcopy, for predicting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative patients by comparing the methods with the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining pathological diagnosis of HPV-negative patients. Results: Of 122 patients negative for the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) subtype, 26 (21.3%) underwent colposcopically directed multiple punch cervical biopsy with a H&E pathological diagnosis of HSIL and above (HSIL+), 11 patients (9.0%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, nine patients (7.4%) had CIN3, and six patients (4.9%) had infiltrating carcinoma. Cytology, colposcopy, and p16INK4a immunostaining had 52.4%, 38.5%, and 92.3% sensitivity, respectively, and 76.2%, 94.8%, and 99% specificity, respectively. The positive predictive value of cytology, colposcopy, and p16INK4a immunostaining was 31.4%, 66.7%, and 96%, respectively, and the negative predictive value was 88.5%, 85.1%, and 97.9%, respectively. Compared with H&E staining, the kappa of cytology, colposcopy, and p16INK4a immunostaining was 0.327, 0.323, and 0.926, respectively. Conclusion: Positive p16INK4a immunostaining is very strongly consistent with an H&E diagnosis of CIN2+, and it can be used as an objective detection index for HSIL+ diagnosis of HPV-negative patients with CIN2+.
Beyond knowledge acquisition: factors influencing family planning utilization among women in conservative communities in Rural Burundi.
Authors: HAKIZIMANA SONIA , Odjidja Emmanuel Nene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWith a fertility rate of 5.4 children per woman, Burundi has been ranked as seventh highest country with the highest fertility rate in the world. Family planning is known to allow couples to achieve the desired family size, appropriate space birth and the limitation of pregnancies. Also, family planning can contribute to mitigating some health issues such as unintended pregnancies and abortions all of which, are often associated with multi-parity. In conservative community in rural Burundi, knowledge on family planning is high and such services are free yet utilisation is low. Employing a mixed methods, this study first quantifies contraceptive prevalence and second, explore the contextual multilevel factors associated with low family planning utilisation among married women.Methods An explanatory sequential mixed study was conducted. Five hundred and thirty women in union were interviewed using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Next, 11 focus group discussions were held with community members composed of married men and women, administrative and religious leaders (n=132). The study was conducted in eighteen collines of two health districts of Vyanda and Rumonge in Bururi and Rumonge provinces in Burundi. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS and qualitative data was coded and deductive thematic methods were applied to find themes and codes.ResultsThe overall contraceptive prevalence was 22.6%. From logistic modelling analysis, it was found that women aged 25 to 29, those completed secondary school and having four or less children was significantly associated with use of family planning. Among factors why family planning was unused included experience with side effects and costs associated with its management in the health system. Religious conceptualisation and ancestral negative beliefs of family planning had also shaped how people perceived it. Furthermore, at the household level, gender imbalances between spouses had resulted in break in communication, also serving as a factor for non-use of family planning. ConclusionGiven that use of family planning is rooted in negative beliefs emanating mainly from religious and cultural practices, engaging local religious leaders and community actors may trigger positive behaviours change needed to increase its use.
Assessment of tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders using the MINI-KID tool: a pediatric cohort study
Authors: Ding Yifeng , Wang Ji , Zhou Hao , Li Taoli , Zhou Shuizhen , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TANDs) have not been studied before in China. We aimed to assess the psychiatric level of TAND using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) in China.Results: A total of 83.16% of patients (79/95) had at least one TAND, and 70.53% (67/95) had an intellectual disability. The MINI-KID tool diagnosed a total of 16 neuropsychiatric diseases, the most common of which were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (51.58%, 49/95) and social anxiety disorder (41.05%, 39/95). The number of children with neuropsychiatric diseases in the TSC group was significantly greater than the number in the normal development group (p <0.0001). Epilepsy before the age of 2 years, a seizure frequency of more than once a month, and the use of more than 2 antiepileptic drugs were closely associated with the occurrence of TAND.Conclusion: The MINI-KID can be used as a standardized tool to examine the psychiatric level of TANDs in children with TSC aged 6-16 years. The rate of neuropsychiatric diseases in children with TSC reached 83.16%. Early onset of epilepsy, frequent seizures, and refractory epilepsy are risk factors for TAND. Early, reasonable, and rapid control of seizures is related to reducing the risk of neuropsychiatric illness in children with epilepsy.
Cost Effectiveness of Therapist Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Web-Based Self-Management in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The ACTIB Randomised Trial
Authors: McCrone Paul , Everitt Hazel , Landau Sabine , Little Paul , Bishop Felicity L. , O’Reilly Gillian , Sibelli Alice , Holland Rachel , Hughes Stephanie , Windgassen Sula , Goldsmith Kimberley , Coleman Nicholas , Logan Robert , Chalder Trudie , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Telephone therapist delivered CBT (TCBT) and web-based CBT (WCBT) have been shown to be significantly more clinically effective than treatment as usual (TAU) at reducing IBS symptom severity and impact at 12 months in adults with refractory IBS. In this paper we assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. Methods Participants were recruited from 74 general practices and three gastroenterology centres in England. Interventions costs were calculated, and other service use and lost employment measured and costed for one-year post randomisation. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were combined with costs to determine cost-effectiveness of TCBT and WCBT compared to TAU.Results TCBT cost £956 more than TAU (95% CI, £601 to £1435) and generated 0.0429 more QALYs. WCBT cost £224 more than TAU (95% CI, -£11 to £448) and produced 0.029 more QALYs. Compared to TAU, TCBT had an incremental cost per QALY of £22,284 while the figure for WCBT was £7724. After multiple imputation these ratios increased to £27,436 and £17,388 respectively. Including lost employment and informal care, TCBT had costs that were on average £866 lower than TAU (95% CI, -£1133 to £2957), and WCBT had costs that were £1028 lower than TAU (95% CI, -£448 to £2580).Conclusions TCBT and WCBT resulted in more QALYs and higher costs than TAU. Complete case analysis suggests both therapies are cost-effective from a healthcare perspective. Imputation for missing data reduces cost-effectiveness but WCTB remained cost-effective. If the reduced societal costs are included both interventions are likely to be more cost-effective.Trial registration ISRCTN44427879 (registered 18.11.13)