bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentos constitucionales del sistema tributario y eficientismo fiscal
Authors: Tarapués Sandino Diego Fernando , Rodríguez Sandino Óscar Andrés 
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo analiza el marco constitucional del sistema tributario. Se hace énfasis en los desarrollos jurisprudenciales de la Corte Constitucional sobre la tributación y se plantea una crítica a la política fiscal y tributaria que se centra en medidas eficientistas. El artículo parte de las repercusiones que tiene el Estado social de derecho en la concreción del principio de solidaridad y en el deber de contribución fiscal. Luego se revisan los alcances de cada principio constitucional del sistema tributario. Finalmente, se hace una crítica sobre lo que aquí se denomina eficientismo fiscal, que consiste en centrar la labor impositiva y de recaudo en medidas que sobreponen la eficiencia por encima de los demás principios que deben orientar el sistema tributario.
Developing a Typology of Regions Based on Their Predisposition to Scientific and Technological Development
Authors: Myslyakova Yu. G. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to describe the proposed typology of regions based on their predisposition to scientific and technological development in the context of hereditary industrial, social, and institutional determinants of economic territorial development. Tasks. The authors develop a methodological approach to forming a basic criterion for the classification of regions; develop a methodology for the classification of regions based on their predisposition to scientific and technological development with allowance for the economic impact of their hereditary core; test the authors’ developments on the regions of the Russian Federation. Methods. This study uses tools for modeling the hereditary socio-economic core of regions based on the calculation of Frobenius norms to identify the prevailing dynamic trends in territorial development, and a matrix method for developing a regional typology. The methodology applied by the authors focuses on identifying territories that are more susceptible to technological transformations, including those that ensure the significant impact of these transformations on the national economy. Results. The study tests the authors’ developments on Russian regions and provides two typologies. The first typology groups regions according to criteria such as stable positive predisposition, permissible positive predisposition, negative predisposition, and stable negative predisposition to scientific and technological development. The second typology identifies regions with hereditary capital, regions with useful heredity, regions with defective useful heredity, regions with the effect of a large hereditary base, regions with defective heredity, and regions with significant defective heredity. The developed typologies make it possible to identify regions that serve as the opposite poles of scientific and technological transformations as well as high-risk regions with unjustified investment in innovative economic activities. Conclusions. Industrially developed regions are more predisposed to scientifific and technological development, and expansion of innovations will be implemented faster in these regions compared with others. The Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions have an elastic industrial heritage, which is manifested in the successful implementation of a wide range of innovative tasks. Comparative analysis also shows that the Ural Federal District has the most favorable industrial, social, and institutional hereditary determinants responsible for the susceptibility of the territory to technological transformations compared with other regions, which makes it a potential center for the scientific and technological development of the national economy.
Trickle Down Effects of Covid-19 on Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Rizwan Amna , Ali Mahmood , Akhtar Farah , Sughra Ume , Naqvi Syed Ali Hasan 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To report the adherence of Glaucoma patients to anti-glaucoma medical therapy during lockdown period of covid-19 and to evaluate the factors that lead to non-adherence to medical therapy.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi from August 2020 to October 2020.
Methods: A total of 210 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were included. Exclusion criteria was newly diagnosed cases of glaucoma and patients who were non-compliant before lockdown. Patients’ age, gender, marital status, occupation, residence, monthly income bracket, type of glaucoma, duration of glaucoma, number and type of anti-glaucoma medication and any other co-morbidity like diabetes or hypertension were asked from the patient. The patients were evaluated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL). Before lockdown, BCVA, IOP and RNFL thickness were taken from computerized data of our hospital. Patients were asked about the compliance of the anti-glaucoma therapy and the factors that lead to non-compliance (if any).
Results: Out of 210 individuals, there were 131 (62.4%) males and 79 (37.6%) females. About 169 (80.5%) patients reported non-compliance to anti-glaucoma drugs during the lockdown period. Non-availability of medicines was the most common reason given by 77 (57.5%) individuals, followed by lack of money by 44 (32.8%) patients.
Conclusion: A high proportion of non-compliance to anti-glaucoma therapy was seen in glaucoma patients during pandemic. Low literacy rate, non-availability of medicines and lack of money were major reasons for non-compliance.
Key Words: Covid-19, Glaucoma, Intra ocular Pressure.
Comparison of Central Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Haider Muhammad Ali , Sattar Uzma , Amjad Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the Central subfoveal choroidal thickness (CCT) in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.
Study Design: Cross sectional observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Ehsan Welfare Eye Hospital, Lahore, from June 2019 to May 2020.
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with type II diabetes were included with a mean age of57±0.9. Patients were divided into two groups (60 in each group) based on presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy after ophthalmic examination. Group A comprised of patients showing signs of retinopathy and group B with no signs of diabetic retinopathy. After detailed ophthalmic examination, spectral–domain OCT was performed for the measurement of central subfoveal choroidal thickness. The differences in measurements were analyzed and measured by using SPSS version 22.
Results: Out of 120 patients, 69 (57.5%) were males and 51 were females (42.5%). Mean age of patients was 58.8 ± 10 years with minimum 28 years and maximum 94 years. Central choroidal thickness in group A showed a mean value of 239 ± 41 µm with standard error of mean 3.76. While diabetic patients having no signs of diabetic retinopathy (Group B) showed mean subfoveal choroidal thickness of 240 ± 42 µm with standard error of mean 3.89. The difference in central subfoveal choroidal thickness in both groups was 1.337 which is statistically insignificant with p value of 0.250.
Conclusion: Central choroidal thickness amongst diabetic patients with and without signs of retinopathy does not have any significant changes.
Key Words: Choroid, Diabetic retinopathy, Optical Coherence Tomography.
Inter-Observer Reproducibility of Axial Ocular Measurements with Non-contact HAAG-STRAIT Biometer
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad Suhail , Shahid Sehrish , Ashraf Muhammad Arslan , Kanwal Shaista 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To check inter observer reproducibility of axial ocular measurements i.e. central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), anterior segment lens (ASL), vitreous length (VL) and axial length (AL) with non-contact HAAG-STRAIT biometer.
Study Design: Comparative Reproducibility Analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: College of ophthalmology and allied vision sciences (COAVS), Mayo Hospital, Lahore.
Methods: This study included 66 healthy students (132 eyes). Data was collected through self-designed proforma by 2 operators independently. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Interclass correlation was applied for agreement between the two readings. Interclass coefficient (ICC) value greater than 0.7 was considered as excellent correlation.
Results: The mean CCT, AD, ACD, LT, ASL, VL, and AL were 526.47 ± 35.72 µm and 526.47 ± 36.06 µm (ICC = 0.92); 2.93 ± 0.29 mm and 2.93 ± 0.29 mm (ICC = 0.81); 3.45 ± 0.30 mm and 3.46 ± 0.30 mm (ICC = 0.79); 3.58 ± 0.28 mm and 3.56 ± 0.22 mm (ICC = 0.76); 7.03 ± 0.30 mm and 7.02 ± 0.27 mm (ICC = 0.80); 16.56 ± 0.85 mm and 16.62 ± 0.81 mm (ICC = 0.72); and 23.59 ± 0.85 mm and 23.64 ± 0.87 mm (ICC: 0.76) of observer 1 and 2, respectively.
Conclusion: Non-contact Biometer (HAAG-STRAIT) has high inter-observer reproducibility with strong interclass coefficient of greater than 0.72.
Key Words: Biometry, Axial Length, Central Corneal Thickness, Anterior Chamber Depth.
Comparison of Complications between Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification
Authors: Bhutto Israr Ahmed , Memon Maria Nazish , Ali Irshad , Soomro Abdul Qadeem , Mirani Abdul Haleem 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare per-operative and early post-operative complications between Manual Small Incision cataract surgery and Phacoemulsification in patients with Senile Cataract.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi from December 2018 to October 2019.
Methods: Two hundred and seventy patients with senile Cataract were recruited for this study by convenient sampling technique. They were divided equally into two groups. Group I underwent Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS), whereas Group II underwent Phacoemulsification. Per-operative and early post-operative complications were recorded on day 1 in both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Independent t-test was carried out with P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age group – I was 54.95 ± 11.0 and in Group – II was 57.09 ± 10.59 (p = 0.546). There were 72 (53.3%) males in group – I and 74 (54.8%) in group – II with a non-significant difference (p-value > 0.01). There was significant difference for posterior capsule rupture and striate keratitis between the two groups (p = 0.031 and 0.044 respectively). Rest of the study parameters was not statistically different in the both group. None of the groups had a nucleus drop and vitreous prolapse. No significant difference was seen between the two groups concerning iris trauma (p = 0.56), wound leakage (p = 0.15) and hyphema (p = 0.32).
Conclusion: There is no significant difference between per-operative and early post-operative complications between MSICS and Phacoemulsification in patients with senile cataract except posterior capsular rupture and striate keratopathy which were more common in phacoemulsification group.
Key Words: Cataract, Senile Cataract, Phacoemulsification, Small Incision Cataract Surgery.
ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF LIGHT STEEL THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES IN TOWER STRUCTURES
Authors: Ефрюшин С. В. , Ефанов А. Р. 
Published: November 2021

Постановка задачи. Исследовать семь реально изготавливаемых на сегодняшний день профилей легких стальных тонкостенных конструкций (ЛСТК) на воздействие статических, а также аэродинамических нагрузок с целью нахождения наиболее эффективного для элементов башенного типа сооружений. Результаты. Осуществлен отбор реально изготавливаемых профилей ЛСТК. Проведен сравнительный анализ данных профилей по несущей способности и деформационным свойствам при помощи программного комплекса Ansys Workbench. Описана методика моделирования и определения среднего ветрового давления на профиль при помощи расчётно-вычислительного комплекса Ansys Fluid Flow (Fluent). Проведен сравнительный анализ профилей ЛСТК по среднему ветровому давлению и характеру обтекания профилей ветровым потоком. Сделан вывод о наиболее эффективных профилях ЛСТК для элементов башенного типа сооружений. Выводы. В ходе исследования была рассмотрена методика определения среднего ветрового давления при помощи расчётно-вычислительного комплекса Ansys Fluid Flow (Fluent). С учетом выборки профилей по несущей способности и деформационным свойствам (профили №1,2,4,6,7) и выборки профилей по среднему ветровому давлению и характеру обтекания профилей ветровым потоком (профили № 2-5) сделан вывод о том, что наиболее эффективными для элементов башенного типа сооружений и восприятия воздействия статических и аэродинамических нагрузок являются профили ЛСТК под номером 2 и 4 (рис. 2,4).
Problem statement. To investigate seven actually manufactured profiles of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTS) for the effect of static and aerodynamic loads in order to find the most effective structures for tower-type elements. Results. The selection of actually manufactured LSTS profiles has been carried out. A comparative analysis of these profiles for bearing capacity and deformation properties was carried out using the Ansys Workbench software package. A technique for modeling and determining the average wind pressure on a profile using the Ansys Fluid Flow (Fluent) computational complex is described. A comparative analysis of the LSTS profiles by the average wind pressure and the nature of the wind flow around the airfoils is carried out. A conclusion is made about the most effective LSTS profiles for tower-type elements of structures. Conclusions. In this study, a method for determining the average wind pressure using the Ansys Fluid Flow (Fluent) computational complex was considered. Taking into account the sample of profiles for the bearing capacity and deformation properties (profiles No. 1,2,4,6,7) and the sample of profiles for the average wind pressure and the nature of the wind flow around the profiles (profiles No. 2-5), it was concluded that the most LSTS profiles numbered 2 and 4 (Fig. 2.4) are effective for tower-type elements of structures and for the perception of the effect of static and aerodynamic loads.
Identifikasi Chatbot dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Online Menggunakan Metode Natural Language Processing
Authors: Muliyono M , Sumijan S 
Published: November 2021

Chatbot is a software with artificial intelligence that can imitate human conversations through text messages or voice messages. This chatbot can convey information, according to the knowledge that has been given previously. Helping the limitations of the academic section in answering questions posed by students. The method in this study was sourced from a questionnaire distributed to students at the Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire, there are 40 questions that are often asked by students to the academic section. Then it is processed using Natural Language Processing (NLP). Natural Language Processing is a branch of science from artificial intelligence that is able to study communication between humans and computers through natural language. The processing stage is to identify the intent, process the input and display the results according to the input. The results of the test using a questionnaire addressed to 227 students got a score of 3,55 with a very good predicate. Then do the test using 40 question and answer data. So, obtained 37 appropriate answers and 3 answers that are not in accordance with the percentage of answer accuracy generated from the chatbot is 92.5 percent. The results of this test have been able to respond to the questions asked by students. This chatbot can make it easier for students to get information with a very good level of accuracy
A network model of the egg supply chain in Germany implemented as a FSKX compliant object
Authors: Ganas Petra , Fuhrmann Marcel , Filter Matthias 
Published: November 2021

In our days, food supply chains are becoming more and more complex, generating global networks involving production, processing, distribution and sale of food products. To follow the "farm to fork" paradigm when assessing risks from various hazards linked to food products, supply chain network models are useful and versatile tools.
The objective of the present "egg supply chain network model" is to allow users to predict and visualise the spatial commodity flow within the German egg supply chain. The network model provides for the user the option to select values for the input parameter "actor" in order to allow simulation of estimates for different supply chain scenarios. It generates a data frame as output regarding the estimates of food flows for the product "chicken eggs" in Germany on NUTS-3 level according to the selected parameter and a chloropleth map for illustrating the distribution of product quantities.
The network model and all required resources are provided as a fully annotated file compliant to the community standard Food Safety Knowledge Exchange (FSKX) and can be executed online or with the desktop FSK-Lab software.
Influencia del tratamiento térmico (tostado) en semillas de chía sobre su calidad nutrimental
Authors: Martínez-manrique Enrique , Jiménez-vera Verónica 
Published: November 2021

La chía fue una semilla muy consumida por los Mayas y Aztecas; ellos la utilizaban tostada y molida para la preparación de bebidas o para conservarla. Por eso, hoy en día el tostado de la semilla puede ser una opción para mejorar su molienda y aumentar su consumo, pues este grano tiene una alta calidad nutrimental, pero las altas temperaturas podrían afectar esta cualidad. Por esto, se planteó estudiar si la chía disminuye su calidad nutrimental al ser sometida a un tratamiento térmico (tostado); realizando el tostado de la semilla a diferentes tiempos y evaluando su composición química proximal, digestibilidad in vitro, triptófano y factores antinutrimentales. Los resultados mostraron que a mayor tiempo de tostado disminuye su contenido de proteína, grasa y fibra; aumenta su digestibilidad y disminuye el triptófano y sus factores antinutrimentales.
INTRIGUING PREDICTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN MT. ELGON SUB COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Cyrus Ashivira , Grace Kibet , Lonah Kabutbei 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Universally, malaria continues to ravage the lives of innocent expectant women. In Kenya malaria prevalence among adult females is 28% while in Mt. Elgon Sub County, which is categorised under highland epidemic prone malaria area, prevalence of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is uncertain. Therefore, this study sought to determine intriguing predictors associated with malaria infection among pregnant women in Mt. Elgon Sub-County.
Methods: Cross-sectional analytical design was employed and mixed methods used for data collection. For quantitative data collection, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from pregnant women who attended ANC in selected health facilities in the study area. Further, qualitative approach adopted interview guides that targeted key informants in the health facilities. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 392 participants for the study. Data was analysed by SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between independent variable and dependent variable.
Findings: Study results revealed that, the prevalence of MiP was 16.2%. Prevalence was higher among women aged less than 25 (67.3%, n=262) compared to those aged > 25 years (33.7%, n=137). The following five factors were statistically significantly associated with malaria prevalence in pregnancy: place of residence (OR: 5.7; 95%CI: 2.6 – 12.4; p < 0.0001); those who tested positive in the last 2 years (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.0 – 2.9; p = 0.05); preferred shape of ITN’s (OR: 3.8; 95%CI: 1.5 – 9.7; p = 0.008);earth floor (OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.0 – 3.1; p = 0.03); mud wall (OR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.0 – 3.1; p = 0.03). In conclusion, age group, place of residence, testing positive in the last 2 years, preferred shape of ITN, earth floor and mud wall were significant factors associated with MiP.
Recommendations: To curb MiP, the study recommends Bungoma County government to promote use of ITNs and preferable rectangular ITN’s by ensuring they are translated to appropriate use; support regular indoor residual spraying with insecticides and educate the residents on the role of improved housing on malaria protection and empowerment of the community to adopt improved housing.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS PÓS COVID CAUSAS E EFEITOS
Authors: Caproni Luana Marcondes Emergente , Carneiro Lara de Brito , Madeira Leticia Alves , Soares Jahde Abbehusen , Costa e Silva Leonardo Antônio , Machado Melissa Ávila , Silvério Alessandra Cristina Pupin 
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A associação entre COVID-19 e Diabetes Mellitus 2 (DM2) é evidenciada pela afinidade entre o vírus SARS-CoV-2 por sítios de ligação da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina 2 (ACE2). A ACE2 é uma molécula expressa em abundância em células do endotélio, dos pulmões e outros órgãos, inclusive nas ilhotas pancreáticas. Objetivo: Realizar uma análise na literatura atual sobre os casos de infecção pelo COVID-19 responsáveis pelo desencadeamento de DM2. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistemática. Foram incluídos artigos selecionados das bases de dados Pubmed, Google Acadêmico e Scielo, no período de março de 2020 até março de 2021. Para a pesquisa, utilizou-se os termos: “Covid 19”, “Hiperglicemia”, “Diabetes Mellitus”, “ACE2”, “mecanismo Sars-Cov-2”, com Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) padronizados e combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 16 artigos para revisão. Resultados: A afinidade por receptores ACE2 permite que o SARS-CoV-2 atue sobre o pâncreas, podendo levar à resistência periférica à insulina e, assim, a uma hiperglicemia. Na maioria dos casos, a condição não é resolvida no final da doença, levando a DM2. Conclusão: Dado que o ACE2 é um receptor para a entrada do SARS-Cov-2 em diversos tecidos, inclusive nas ilhotas pancreáticas, pessoas com maior expressão deste na superfície celular têm maior chance de infecção por COVID-19. Ademais, é provável que a quantidade de receptores ECA2 glicosilados exerça influência nesse processo. Dessa forma, uma das complicações de COVID-19 pode ser o desenvolvimento de DM2.
Epifanias Literárias: Poéticas de acontecimentos na cidade
Authors: Monteiro Ana Lucia 
Published: November 2021

O espaço na cidade é um lugar extremamente revelador de um modo de vida dos citadinos, em seus aspectos culturais, sociais e políticos. Todas as coisas que acontecem sinalizam questões e ou tensões, que deixam marcas e ecoam sentimentos sobre a cidade que vivemos e a cidade que queremos. Assim, esse artigo propõe analisar algumas manifestações de escritas nos muros da cidade, designados por essa pesquisadora como Grafite Literário (GL). Os GLs são frases, poemas geralmente curtos, desenvolvidos em diferentes técnicas de impressão, cheios de significados e discursos, sejam eles políticos, poéticos e ou literários, uma verdadeira epifania na cidade. Procura-se identificar possíveis relações, transgressões e ou conflitos desses escritos na pele dos muros, nas suas mais variadas formas de expressão, abordando conceitos da arte urbana, arte e ativismo, poesia e suas relações com o estados de consciência do homem metropolitano, buscando uma visão transdisciplinar e epistemológica dos acontecimentos mais recentes, instaurados nas áreas públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, pelas fortes pressões sócio econômicas e políticas.
Palavras-chave. Arte. Cidade. Espaço Urbano. Consciência.