bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher forest cover and less contrasting matrices improve carrion removal service by scavenger insects in tropical landscapes
Authors: Alvarado‐Montero Sebastián , Boesing Andrea Larissa , Metzger Jean Paul , Jaffé Rodolfo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Understanding the links between biological communities and ecosystem service provision through the mechanisms driven by landscape structure is crucial to promote management strategies that safeguard both biodiversity and provision of these services. Here, we assess the impact of landscape structure and matrix contrast on carrion removal by scavenger insects, an often overlooked ecosystem service but of paramount importance for nutrient cycling and disease control.

We first hypothesize that more forested landscapes and less contrasting matrices harbour richer communities of scavenger insects, mainly composed of forest species. We then posit that these richer communities of scavenger insects promote a higher provision of the carrion removal service.

The scavenger insect community and carrion removal service was surveyed using 18 independent paired sampling sites (forest‐agricultural matrix, composed either by coffee plantations or cattle pastures) in the Atlantic Brazilian Forest domain. We measured insect species richness, community composition and carrion removal amount using meat baits inside exclusion cages monitored along 6 days across a forest cover gradient (8%–89%) and distance gradient from forest edge (0–100 m to the interior of forest patches and adjacent matrix).

Species richness of scavenger insects was higher in more fragmented landscapes, with more forested areas presenting communities composed of mainly forest‐associated species. Carrion in coffee plantations attracted richer communities than in cattle pastures or forests. Coffee plantations also presented communities with more forest‐associated species than cattle pastures. Carrion removal was higher in both forest and coffee plantations compared to cattle pastures. Even though forest communities had lower species richness, key forest‐associated groups were the bulk of a higher service provision.

Synthesis and applications. Forested landscapes with less contrasting matrices maintain a higher provision of carrion removal service by sustaining communities composed of scavenger insects with higher carrion removal capacity—mostly forest‐associated species. Landscape management focusing on the conservation and reforestation of native forest patches, as well as reducing matrix contrast, could facilitate species spillover and thereby ensure the provision of carrion removal service.
Africa as headwaiter at the dining table of global value chains: Do institutions matter for her participation?
Authors: Alhassan Abdulkareem , Zoaka Joshua Dzankar , Ringim Salim Hamza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobal value chains (GVC) have propelled substantial expansion in international trade across the globe over the last two decades. Yet, the institution–GVC nexus in Africa suffers complete neglect in literature. Therefore, we evaluate the impact of different components of political and economic institutions on backward (BWDGVC), forward (FWDGVC), total GVC participation, and GVC position (upstreamness) in Africa. Using system‐GMM with United Nations Conference on Trade and Development GVC database (UNCTAD‐Eora MRIO) for 47 African countries over the period 2000–2018, the key findings show that the effects of the political and economic institutions on GVC participation are diverse. Specifically, property rights, government spending, monetary freedom, and tax burden negatively affect BWDGVC participation while government integrity, investment freedom, and financial freedom stimulate the BWDGVC. Also, all the components of institutional quality that propel BWDGVC, hinder FWDGVC participation and upstreamness, except investment freedom which promotes both BWDGVC and FWDGVC. Nonetheless, property rights, government integrity, monetary freedom, financial freedom, and tax burden engender total GVC participation, whereas government effectiveness, and investment freedom hinder the total GVC participation. Furthermore, good political institutions promote BWGVC and total GVC but reduce upstreamness. Thus, institutions are fundamental drivers of GVC participation in Africa.
From Mao to McDonaldization? Assessing the rationalisation of health care in China
Authors: Millar Ross 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChina's 2009 health care reform agenda has been referred to as one of the most ambitious health policy programmes in modern history. Significant investment has combined with new structures, incentives, and regulations that have aimed to improve access, as well as gain greater control over a health care market much criticised for putting profit before patients. A range of health services research has been undertaken to analyse these efforts. Sociological perspectives have also been documented yet up to now a review and synthesis combining these various contributions has not been undertaken. By drawing on the lens of McDonaldization, the paper presents a narrative review that analyses the extent to which China's 2009 reform agenda has increased efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control over service provision. The review identifies elements of McDonaldization within China's 2009 reform agenda, however, notable gaps remain. In response to the limits of McDonaldization as a lens for understanding China's health care reform, the paper calls for alternative perspectives that are better able to understand the sociocultural dynamics shaping service provision, as well as an interdisciplinary research agenda that is able to generate new insights and understanding regarding health care in China.
Sensory characterization of two California‐grown avocado varieties (Persea americana Mill.) over the harvest season by descriptive analysis and consumer tests
Authors: Hausch Bethany J. , Arpaia Mary Lu , Campisi‐Pinto Salvatore , Obenland David M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, descriptive analysis (DA) and consumer panels were conducted on “Hass” and “3‐29‐5” (GEM®) avocados, grown in southern California. Both panels encompassed at least five time points across the 2019 harvest season. The DA panel identified and evaluated overall richness, creamy, smooth, watery, oily, sweet, bitter, umami, salty, astringent, buttery, nutty, and green. The texture attributes received the highest scores in both “Hass” and “3‐29‐5.” Both varieties increased in richness, creaminess, and oiliness at harvests 5 and 6. The consumer panel found that “3‐29‐5” showed more changes in its eating experience over the season than “Hass,” which agreed with dry weight data collected in a simultaneous analytical study. Correspondence analysis indicated that “Hass” samples had a consistent sensory profile over the harvest season, whereas “3‐29‐5” changed substantially, becoming more closely associated with a positive eating experience late in the harvest season. This is the first work to characterize avocado flavor over the harvest season using both trained and consumer sensory panels.Practical ApplicationMany aspects of avocado were found to have some impact on flavor, but textural properties were by far the most important in determining how well the fruit was liked. This information will be useful in future taste evaluations of avocado and the ongoing development of new avocado varieties.
Development of 1H‐NMR methods for quantitative determination of alkylamides in Zanthoxylum bungeanum and quality evaluation based on its fingerprint
Authors: Kasimu Nuernisa , Yu Danmeng , Sun Leiwen , Zheng Ruofei , Wang Dongmei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlkylamides, as the representative hemp flavor and active ingredients, can reflect the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. However, conjugated triene structure exists in alkylamides, which is easy to be oxidized and decomposed in air, making it difficult to quantify. In this study, a method for the quantitative determination of alkylamides by 1H‐NMR technology was developed with 85% ethanol as the best extraction solvent, CDCl3 as the best deuterium dissolution reagent, pyrazine as the internal standard, and triple peaks of hydrogen protons on the amide bond at δ 6.33 ppm as the quantitative signal peak. Meanwhile, methodological verification was carried out to prove the reliability and effectiveness of the method. On this basis, the contents of alkylamides in nine germplasms of Zanthoxylum with monthly dynamics were obtained. The results showed that the alkylamides of Hancheng stingless Z. bungeanum (HC) exhibited the highest content in August (51.92 ± 0.96 mg/g), while the lowest was FG in June (1.23 ± 0.21 mg/g). The results of 1H‐NMR corresponded to those of HPLC, and the effectiveness of this method was verified. Accumulation dynamic results show that the best harvest period of Z. bungeanum is July and August. Moreover, the quality of nine varieties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum from a common garden was evaluated by the established 1H‐NMR fingerprint and chemometric analyses. The results showed that Hancheng stingless Z. bungeanum was the best germplasm. This study provides a new strategy for the quantitative determination of alkylamides in Z. bungeanum and improves the quality evaluation system of Z. bungeanum.Practical ApplicationThe results provide a new research idea for the analysis of important chemical components of Z. bungeanum. Meanwhile, the study provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and high‐quality germplasm resources of Z. bungeanum.
Influence of post‐harvest physiology on sensory perception, physical properties, and chemical compositions of Moris pineapples (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: R. Siti Rashima , M. E. Azhar , M. Maizura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate consumer profiling of pineapple at five maturity stages using check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) method and to determine the influence of post‐harvest physiological changes on the physical and chemical properties of the pineapple. Nineteen CATA terms describing sensory attributes of pineapples at five maturity stages were generated. Seventy‐five consumers were involved in describing the changes in the organoleptic properties of pineapple using CATA questions. The relationship between physicochemical properties and sensory description of pineapples was analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA). The total variance of 97.7% and 92.2% obtained in the CA plot of the physical and chemical properties with the consumer profiling data suggests that consumers have effectively described the pineapple harvested at five maturity stages. Changes in physical and chemical compositions in pineapple upon maturation result in the development of pineapple's desirable organoleptic characteristics, characterized as fresh, attractive, and bright yellowish, with a soft, fibrous, and juicy texture, a sweet odor and pineapple aroma as well as sweet taste. Index 3 pineapple has been described as pale, hard, and crunchy in texture at the early stage of maturity and has a sour taste. The characteristic was transformed to bright yellow, soft, fibrous, and juicy texture after maturation, (25% ripeness onwards), as well as the production of sweet taste and aroma of pineapple. Instrument analysis of yellowness (b value) and carotenoid has strongly influenced the sensory attributes of brightness, freshness, and attractiveness of the pineapple. Changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and a ratio of TSS to total acids (TA) contributes to the development of aromatic compound which increases the appealing quality of the pineapple. Pineapple sensory characteristics, physical properties, and chemical compositions were significantly affected by post‐harvest physiology.Practical ApplicationSensory and instrumental methods were used to construct the properties of pineapple at different stages of post‐harvest physiology. This article demonstrates that the Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) analysis provides adequate sensory profiling information based on customer perceptions in relation to instrumental details, and it can be extended to other pineapple varieties and citrus fruits.
MicroRNA‐132 is involved in morphine dependence via modifying the structural plasticity of the dentate gyrus neurons in rats
Authors: Jia Meng , Wang Xuewei , Zhang Haolin , Wang Xinjuan , Ma Hui , Yang Mingda , Li Yijing , Cui Cailian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRepeated morphine exposure has been shown to induce neuronal plasticity in reward‐related areas of the brain. miR‐132, a CREB‐induced and activation‐dependent microRNA, has been suggested to be involved in the neuronal plasticity by increasing neuronal dendritic branches and spinogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether miR‐132 is related to morphine dependence. Here, we investigate whether miR‐132 is involved in morphine dependence and whether it is related to the structural plasticity of the dentate gyrus (DG) neurons. Sprague–Dawley rats are treated with increasing doses of morphine injection for six consecutive days to develop morphine dependence. Our results show that dendritic branching and spinogenesis of the DG neurons of morphine dependent rats are increased. Morphine treatment (24 h) promotes the differentiation of N2a cells stably expressing μ‐opioid receptor by up‐regulating miR‐132 expression. Moreover, inhibiting miR‐132 3p (but not 5p) of the DG neurons can reverse the structural plasticity and disrupt the formation of morphine dependence in rats. These findings indicate that miR‐132 in the DG neurons is involved in morphine dependence via modifying the neuronal plasticity.
Somebody's watching me! Impacts of the spot check list program in U.S. crop insurance
Authors: Park Sungkwol , Zheng Xiaoyong , Rejesus Roderick M. , Goodwin Barry K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe “Spot Check List” (SCL) is an important tool developed to help detect and deter fraud, waste, and abuse in the U.S. crop insurance program. This article examines whether the SCL program affects the extent of crop insurance losses and provides insights into the effectiveness of this program. Using proprietary, county‐level SCL data and panel data econometric procedures (which control for both observable and unobservable confounding factors), we find evidence that counties with more producers included in the SCL tend to have better actuarial performance (i.e., lower indemnity payment amounts) after these producers are informed about their listing on the SCL. In addition, the county‐level SCL effects tend to last for a couple more years beyond the initial year these SCL producers were informed of their listing. These results indicate that the SCL procedure has a notable impact on crop insurance losses and is a valuable tool for maintaining integrity of the program.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the effects of family history on the risk of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Peters Yonne , van Grinsven Evi , Siersema Peter D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend different screening approaches for individuals with a family history of Barrett's oesophagus (BO) or oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), varying from no screening to screening all individuals with a positive family history.AimsTo determine evidence‐based risk estimates for individuals with a family history of BO or OACMethodsWe systematically searched Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library until October 2020 to identify all studies that reported on the association between family history and the risk of BO and OAC. Pooled summary estimates of adjusted relative risks and prevalence of familial BO/OAC with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.ResultsFourteen studies comprising 16 189 BO/OAC patients were analysed. Familial clustering was seen in 8.84% (95% CI: 5.54‐13.82) and 4.37% (95% CI: 2.15‐8.69) of patients with BO and OAC, respectively (nine studies). Screening first‐degree relatives of BO patients had a diagnostic yield between 12% and 44% for BO (four studies). However, the yield for high‐grade dysplasia and OAC was low (<2%). Individuals with a positive family history had a higher risk of having BO (aRR 3.26; 95% CI 1.43‐7.40; I2 = 46%; three studies) and OAC (aRR 2.19; 95% CI 1.14‐4.21; I2 = 48%; five studies) compared to individuals without a family history.ConclusionsA verified family history of BO or OAC is a strong risk factor for both BO and OAC. A positive family history could be a clinically meaningful way to identify high‐risk individuals who may benefit from early detection strategies.
Oesophageal hypervigilance and visceral anxiety relate to reflux symptom severity and psychological distress but not to acid reflux parameters
Authors: Wong Ming‐Wun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Lei Wei‐Yi , Hung Jui‐Sheng , Cock Charles , Omari Taher , Gyawali Chandra Prakash , Liang Shu‐Wei , Lin Lin , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundThe pathogenesis of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex and multifactorial. The oesophageal hypervigilance and anxiety scale (EHAS) is a novel cognitive‐affective evaluation of visceral sensitivity.AimsTo investigate the interrelationship between EHAS and reflux symptom severity, psychological stress, acid reflux burden, phenotypes, and oesophageal mucosal integrity in patients with GERD.MethodsPatients with chronic reflux symptoms and negative endoscopy underwent 24‐hour impedance‐pH monitoring for phenotyping, acid reflux burden, and mucosal integrity with mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) calculation. Validated scores for patient‐reported outcomes, including EHAS, GERD questionnaire (GERDQ), State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory score, and Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire score, were recorded.ResultsWe enrolled 105 patients, aged 21‐64 years (mean, 48.8), of whom 58.1% were female; 27 had non‐erosive reflux disease, 43 had reflux hypersensitivity and 35 had functional heartburn. There were no significant differences in sex, EHAS, GERDQ, questionnaires of depression or anxiety among GERD phenotypes. EHAS was significantly correlated with GERDQ, questionnaires of depression and anxiety (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between GERDQ and questionnaires of depression or anxiety. Regarding patient‐reported outcomes, GERDQ positively correlated with acid exposure time and negatively correlated with MNBI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEHAS associates with reflux symptom severity and psychological stress but not with acid reflux burden or mucosal integrity. Thus, EHAS assessment shows promise in assessment of subjective patient outcome and satisfaction with treatment, a hitherto unmet clinical need.
A study of the effectiveness of the bilateral and contralateral occult inguinal hernia repair by total extraperitoneal repair with intraperitoneal examination
Authors: Ota Masato , Nitta Toshikatsu , Kataoka Jun , Fujii Kensuke , Ishibashi Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeOf the various methods used, the laparoscopic surgical repair of inguinal hernias is widely performed. We aimed to estimate the incidence of bilateral and contralateral occult inguinal hernias in our surgical population and to compare the results of total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) for bilateral and unilateral inguinal hernias, occult and non‐occult hernias.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data of patients who underwent TEP for the repair of adult inguinal hernias from January 2012 to November 2018 in our hospital.ResultsOf the data of 259 patients included, 134 (51.7%) and 125 (48.3%) had unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernias, respectively, while 70 patients (27%) were found to have a contralateral occult inguinal hernia, intraoperatively. The mean operative time was 129 ± 48 minutes (range, 43–300 minutes) and 167 ± 55 minutes (range, 85–390 minutes) for the unilateral and bilateral groups, respectively, indicating a significantly longer duration of surgery for the bilateral group (P < .05). Recurrence occurred in 1.5% (5/134) and 0.4% (1/250) of the operated hernias in the unilateral and the bilateral groups, respectively, indicating a significantly lower rate of recurrence in the latter group (P < .05). The two groups showed no statistically significant differences with respect to the remaining perioperative data. The incidence of postoperative complications in occult hernias was not significantly different from that in non‐occult hernias.ConclusionsOur TEP method, involving a laparoscopic exploration from the intraperitoneal side, can be safely and effectively utilized for the repair of both bilateral and contralateral occult inguinal hernias.
Long‐term effects of sinus membrane perforation on dental implants placed with transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A case–control study
Authors: Park Won‐Bae , Herr Yeek , Chung Jong‐Hyuk , Shin Seung‐Il , Han Ji‐Young , Lim Hyun‐Chang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a little comparative data on implants placed transcrestally with/without sinus membrane (SM) perforation.PurposeTo compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of implants with maxillary sinus perforation and those without SM perforation.Materials and methodsAmong 560 transcrestally placed implants in 324 patients, the patients who underwent cone‐beam computed tomographic radiography (CBCT) were included. The following groups were established: implants with SM perforation (group P) and implants without SM perforation based on postoperative panoramic radiographs and patient records (group NP). Group NP was further divided into subgroups based on CBCT taken at the last patient visit: group NP1 consisting of implants with no protrusion or <1 mm of protrusion and group NP2 consisting of implants with ≥1 mm of protrusion. Mixed linear regression was performed for the factors affecting SM thickening and marginal bone loss. Mixed survival analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 379 implants in 221 patients were eligible. The mean follow‐up period was 112.03 ± 54.2 months. Twenty‐six implants failed (2 and 24 implants in groups P and NP, respectively), mainly due to peri‐implant bone loss. No statistically significant difference was noted between the groups in SM thickness (2.4 ± 2.8 mm, 2.1 ± 3.4 mm, and 2.5 ± 3.5 mm in groups P, NP1, and NP2, respectively, p > 0.05). Marginal bone loss in group NP1 was significantly greater than that in the other groups. In the mixed model, SM perforation was not a determinant of sinus membrane thickening and implant survival in the mixed models and the survival analysis, respectively.ConclusionsSM perforation in transcrestal sinus augmentation did not affect implant survival and SM thickening.