bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UD ÇALGISINDA METRONOM KULLANMANIN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ZİYAGİL Hakan Emre 
Published: November 2021

Çalgı eğitimi ve icrasında en önemli unsurlar arasında yer alan “ritmik yapının” önemi her daim ön plana çıkmaktadır. Müzik denilen olgunun kısa tanımında yer alan “ses kaynağı” ve “ritim” öğeleri de dikkate alındığında bilinmektedir ki temelde ritim sistematiğinin her müzisyende olması temel bir şarttır. Bu temelde “ritmik yapı” denilen kavram ele alındığında karşımıza metronom kullanımının önemi çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ritim duygusunun geliştirilmesi ve ud çalgısına uyarlanması konusunda tespit edilen bazı problemleri ortaya koymaya çalışarak bu problemlerin nasıl bertaraf edileceği konusunda gerekli teknik bilgilerin aktarılmasıdır.
Çalışmada metronom kullanımının ud çalgısında öncelikli olarak mızrap teknikleri ile nasıl uygulanması gerektiği konusu ele alınarak temel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Aynı zamanda yanlış mızrap kullanımlarının metronom sistematiğinde ortaya çıkardığı aksiliklere de değinilmiştir. Yanlış mızrap tekniği kullanımının icracıda yol açtığı bazı kas sendromları hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiş ve gerekli açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca metronom hızının yanlış belirlenmesinden kaynaklanan senkron bozuklukları da bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Gerek ud klavyesindeki parmaklar arasında gerekse mızrap vuruşlarında ortaya çıkan senkron bozukluklarının nedenleri ayrıca değerlendirmeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Mızrap vuruşlarının temel mantığı olan Üst (A) ve Alt (B) sisteminin nasıl uygulanmasının gerektiği detayları ile birlikte açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Nota ölçülerinin meydana getirmiş olduğu tartımların, metronom kullanarak ud çalgısına nasıl uyarlanacağı konusunda bazı teknik açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Bu teknik açıklamaların temelinde 1/4'lük, 1/8’lik ve Triole kalıpları yer almaktadır. Bu kalıpların ud ve metronom ilişkisinde oldukça önemli olduğu bu çalışma kapsamında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada konuyla ilgili verilerin toplanması amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama (Survey) modeli kullanılmakla birlikte araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan verilerin ise betimsel analiz yönteminden yararlanılarak yorumlanmış ve bu bağlamda çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HAEMATURIA IN CHILDREN IN AGE GROUP OF 1 TO 14 YEARS
Authors: Latif Farzana , Rai Muhammad Hammad Arif  , Arif Zaheer  , Agha Shabbir Ali  
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Haematuria is the most common urinary finding that bring children to the attention of the paediatric nephrologists. It can be caused by glomerular & non-glomerular diseases. The main causes of Haematuria are urinary tract infections, trauma to abdomen, acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis and congenital hydronephrosis.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the distribution of factors in children with haematuria in age group of 1 to 14 years
METHODS: A total of 84 admitted patients of haematuria, who fulfill the inclusive criteria,were enrolled in this study after consent from their parents. Each patient was evaluated through history, examination and investigated. Urine sample of each patient was analyzed for a microscopic examination. Investigations / imaging were performed in clinical laboratory of LGH / PGMI, Lahore. The collected information was entered into SPSS version 20, and analyzed.
RESULTS: There were 47(44.05%) male and 37(55.95%) female patients in this study. The mean age of patients was 8.69 ± 3.63 years.We found 14 patients (16.66%) has urological anomalies,6 boys have posterior urethral valves.2 girls and one boy has vesicoureteral reflux.One boy and one girl has ureterovesical junction obstruction,one boy has hypospadias and 2 girls , ureteropelvic junction obstruction.History of recent bladder catheterization was seen in 5(5.59%), urinary tract infection 17(20.23%) and 14 patients has urological anomalies(16.66%).
CONCLUSION: According to this study ,most common factors causing haematuria was urinary tract infection 17(20.23%) , acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 16(19.04%) and congenital urological anomalies 14(16.66%).Renal stones were found in 10(11.90%).
EL EXPEDIENTE PICASSO: TENSIÓN POLÍTICA, MEDIÁTICA Y SOCIAL
Authors: Caballero Echevarría Fernando 
Published: November 2021

El Expediente Picasso fue una investigación ordenada por el ministro de la Guerra para determinar las responsabilidades militares, como consecuencia de los sucesos ocurridos en la Comandancia General de Melilla, entre julio y agosto de 1921.
Las circunstancias que rodearon a la investigación llevaron a desarrollar el proceso aceleradamente, bajo una gran presión política, mediática y social. Las conclusiones, así muy condicionadas, se remitieron al fiscal militar del Consejo Supremo de Guerra y Marina y al Congreso, al objeto de abrir los procesos judiciales, políticos y militares, que la investigación determinase.
Finalmente, únicamente se expedientó a los cuadros militares, quedando la investigación de responsabilidades políticas inconclusa. Como consecuencia, la institución armada, y en concreto el comandante General de Melilla, general Manuel Fernández Silvestre, quedó para la historia como el único responsable de la tragedia.
Sin embargo, el resultado del análisis del fiscal militar difirió totalmente de las conclusiones recogidas en del Expediente. Posteriormente, nuevas informaciones han permitido revisar con rigurosidad la labor del juez instructor y poner en tela de juicio las conclusiones de su investigación.
FPGA Fast Simulation of Tsunami Wave Propagation
Authors: Лаврентьев М. М. , Лысаков К. Ф. , Марчук А. Г. , Облаухов К. К. 
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматривается решение задачи быстрой численной оценки высоты волн цунами от гипотетического очага вдоль тихоокеанского побережья полуострова Камчатка и Курильских островов. Мы фокусируемся на очень быстром (практически в режиме поступления данных) численном моделировании распространения волны цунами на основе ПК в соответствии с классическим приближением теории мелкой воды. Существенный прирост производительности достигается за счет использования преимуществ современных компьютерных архитектур, а именно вентильных матриц, программируемых пользователем (Field Programmable Gate Array – FPGA). Разностная схема Мак-Кормака второго порядка аппроксимации для решения системы дифференциальных уравнений мелкой воды [1] реализована на чипе FPGA в составе платы, специально разработанной авторами для решения этой задачи [2, 3].Численные тесты показывают, что для расчета 3600 шагов по времени распространения волны цунами в расчетной области размером приблизительно 2000х2000 км (3120х2400 расчетных узлов) требуется всего несколько секунд для моделирования цунами от модельного источника волны цунами на сетке с пространственным шагом около 900 м. Созданный на базе FPGA спецвычислитель был также протестирован по точности сравнением с аналитическими решениями, полученными Ан. Марчуком [4, 5] для некоторых модельных топографий дна.
The study offers a fast quantitative estimation of tsunami wave heights coming from a hypothetical source along the Pacific coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands. We focus on a very fast (virtually real-time) PC simulation of tsunami wave propagation using the classical approximation of the shallow water theory. Significant performance gains are achieved by taking advantage of modern computer architectures, namely Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The McCormack difference scheme of the second order of approximation for solving the system of shallow water differential equations [1] is implemented with an FPGA chip on a custom PCB designed by the authors [2, 3].Numerical tests indicate that it takes only a few seconds to simulate a tsunami wave from a simulated source on a 900 m spacing grid to analyze 3,600 time increments of propagation of the tsunami wave propagation in about 2000x2000 km area (3,120x2,400 nodes.) The customized FPGA computer was also tested for accuracy by comparing with the analytical solutions obtained by Marchuk [4, 5] for some reference bottom topographies.&nbsp;
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL SMPN 4 MATARAM
Authors: MASANI ANDI 
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in the class of SMPN 4 Mataram. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the use of audio-visual media can improve students' Inggrisn learning outcomes. Before applying the use of audio-visual media in the first cycle, the average value of the class in the cognitive domain was 67.3, the percentage of completeness was 58.33%. In the second cycle, the students' learning outcomes were the average class at 77.3 with a completeness percentage of 83.33%. In cycle III the learning outcomes of students are the average class in the cognitive domain of 87.5 with a 100% completeness percentage. Based on the results of the research and discussion, as well as the analysis of the data that has been described, it can be concluded that learning the use of audio-visual media can improve learning outcomes of Indonesian class VII SMPN 4 Mataram in the Even Semester of the 2019/2020 Academic Year.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas SMPN 4 Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik. Sebelum diterapkan penggunaan media audio visual pada siklus I nilai rata -rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 67,3 persentase ketuntasan 58,33%. Pada siklus II hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada 77,3 dengan persentase ketuntasan 83,33%. Pada siklus III hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 87,5 dengan persentase ketuntasan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, serta analisis data yang telah diuraikan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris kelas VII SMPN 4 Mataram pada Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
Reduced-complexity model for the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on future glacial cycles
Authors: Talento Stefanie , Ganopolski Andrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We propose a reduced-complexity process-based model for
the long-term evolution of the global ice volume, atmospheric CO2
concentration, and global mean temperature. The model's only external forcings
are the orbital forcing and anthropogenic CO2 cumulative emissions. The
model consists of a system of three coupled non-linear differential
equations representing physical mechanisms relevant for the evolution of
the climate–ice sheet–carbon cycle system on timescales longer than
thousands of years. Model parameters are calibrated using paleoclimate
reconstructions and the results of two Earth system models of intermediate
complexity. For a range of parameters values, the model is successful in
reproducing the glacial–interglacial cycles of the last 800 kyr, with the
best correlation between modelled and global paleo-ice volume of 0.86. Using
different model realisations, we produce an assessment of possible
trajectories for the next 1 million years under natural and several
fossil-fuel CO2 release scenarios. In the natural scenario, the model
assigns high probability of occurrence of long interglacials in the periods
between the present and 120 kyr after present and between 400 and 500 kyr
after present. The next glacial inception is most likely to occur
∼50 kyr after present with full glacial conditions developing
∼90 kyr after present. The model shows that even already
achieved cumulative CO2 anthropogenic emissions (500 Pg C) are capable
of affecting the climate evolution for up to half a million years, indicating
that the beginning of the next glaciation is highly unlikely in the next 120 kyr. High cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions (3000 Pg C or higher),
which could potentially be achieved in the next 2 to 3 centuries if
humanity does not curb the usage of fossil fuels, will most likely provoke
Northern Hemisphere landmass ice-free conditions throughout the next half
a million years, postponing the natural occurrence of the next glacial
inception to 600 kyr after present or later.
TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica: generation and error characterization
Authors: Wessel Birgit , Huber Martin , Wohlfart Christian , Bertram Adina , Osterkamp Nicole , Marschalk Ursula , Gruber Astrid , Reuß Felix , Abdullahi Sahra , Georg Isabel , Roth Achim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present the generation and validation of an updated version of the TanDEM-X digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica: the TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica. Improvements compared to the global TanDEM-X DEM version comprise filling gaps with newer bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions of the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites, interpolation of smaller voids, smoothing of noisy areas, and replacement of frozen or open sea areas with geoid undulations. For the latter, a new semi-automatic editing approach allowed for the delineation of the coastline from DEM and amplitude data. Finally, the DEM was transformed into the cartographic Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection with a homogeneous metric spacing in northing and easting of 90 m. As X-band SAR penetrates the snow and ice pack by several meters, a new concept for absolute height adjustment was set up that relies on areas with stable penetration conditions and on ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) elevations. After DEM generation and editing, a sophisticated height error characterization of the whole Antarctic continent with ICESat data was carried out, and a validation over blue ice achieved a mean vertical height error of just −0.3 m ± 2.5 m standard deviation. The filled and edited Antarctic TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m is outstanding due to its accuracy, homogeneity, and coverage completeness. It is freely available for scientific purposes and provides a high-resolution data set as basis for polar research, such as ice velocity, mass balance estimation, or orthorectification.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Keluarga (Toga) di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Dusun Topore Selatan Desa Topore Kabupaten Mamuju
Authors: Nur Akbar 
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 merupakan keluarga besar virus yang menyebabkan penyakit ringan sampai berat bahkan dapat mengakibatkan kematian. Beberapa gejala diantaranya seperti common cold atau pilek, flu, radang tenggorokan, demam tinggi, nyeri otot. popularitas tanaman obat semakin meningkat. Masyarakat percaya bahwa menggunakan obat tradisional seperti jamu dari rimpang jahe, kunyit, temulawak atau kencur dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Masyarakat dapat melakukan penanaman toga di lahan yang kosong, Dusun Topore Selatan merupakan salah satu Desa yang sebagian Masyarakat masih belum mengetahui tentang khasiat tanaman obat keluarga dan cara pengolahan yang baik dan benar. Selain itu, tanaman obat keluarga dapat dibudidayakan secara individual dan memanfaatkannya sehingga akan terwujud prinsip kemandirian dalam pengobatan keluarga. Apalagi di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, mengolah jamu untuk menjaga kesehatan dengan bahan yang berasal dari hasil tanaman sendiri akan sangat membantu menjaga sistem imun. Berdasarkan analisis permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat, maka beberapa usaha dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk memberdayakan masyarakat Dusun Topore Selatan dalam peningkatan pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga di masa pandemi covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi, penyuluhan, pendampingan dan demonstrasi pembuatan jamu dari tanaman obat keluarga. Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berbasis keluarga binaan dalam pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga dimasa pandemi sangat efektif dilakukan karena dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga sebagai upaya untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit dan perawatan kesehatan.
Analisa Efisiensi Termal Water Tube Boiler Berdasarkan Rasio Udara Bahan Bakar LPG Untuk Memproduksi Saturated dan Superheated Steam
Authors: Lestari Ayuni , Situmorang Valencia Tara , Tahdid Tahdid , Ridwan K.A , Manggala Agus 
Published: November 2021

Boiler adalah suatu bejana tertutup yang terbuat dari baja dan digunakan untuk menghasilkan steam. Agar dapat menghasilkan steam diperlukan pembakaran. Pembakaran merupakan reaksi eksotermis yang berlangsung sangat cepat, yang membebaskan energi berupa panas dan nyala api (flame temperature) serta mampu menyebarkan panas melalui suatu medium. Agar pembakaran terjadi dengan optimal maka harus memperhatikan nilai rasio udara bahan bakar atau Air Fuel Ratio (AFR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan efisiensi termal water tube boiler. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah gas LPG. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian kali ini akan difokuskan untuk menentukan rasio udara dengan bahan bakar gas yang paling tepat sehingga didapatkan hasil pembakaran dan produksi steam yang maksimal. Rasio udara bahan bakar gas dan excess air yang digunakan yakni, 15,78 (5%), 15,93 (6%), 16,08 (7%), 16,23 (8%), 16,38 (9%).
A Review on Cancer Probability in Human Beings Due to Environmental Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Remediation
Authors: Zaidi Ayesha Jamal , Ahsan Hina , Munshi Alia Bano 
Published: November 2021

Environmental consequences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied to evaluate possible human health risks, subsequent cancer probabilities and remediation tools for their eradication. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are generated globally through incomplete combustion of organic materials and emitted in the environment by various anthropogenic routes including residential heating, coal gasification, liquefying plants, cooking practices, thermal distillation of petroleum and coal, oil spills, ships embankments, incomplete burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, asphalt, engines and vehicles exhaust. Their high lipophilicity and marked tendency for localization in body fats made them easily absorbed through dermis, nasal mucosa and gastrointestinal tract of mammals. The reviewed data show estimated carcinogenic potency equivalent concentrations exceeding the screened value for food stuffs including fish species indicating significant carcinogenic health risks associated with the consumption of fishes. Many remedial measures have been taken to exterminate persistent organic pollutants including PAHs out of which bio-remediation being comparatively safer and economical methodology.
Keywords:
Relationship between monsoon onset over Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai and rainfall over Kerala and Konkan
Authors: SHEWALE M. P. , PONKSHE A. S. 
Published: November 2021

Lkkj & bl ’kks/k&Ik= esa nks LFkkuksa uker% fFk:ouUriqje vkSj eqEcbZ dk p;u djds ;g irk yxkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd D;k ekulwu ds vkxeu dh rkjh[k dk Øze’k% dsjy vkSj dksad.k esa gksus okyh o"kkZ ds lkFk dksbZ laca/k gS A lewps ns’k ds fy, Hkkjrh; xzh"edkyhu ekulwu o"kkZ ¼vkbZ- ,l- ,e- vkj-½ ds lkFk ekulwu ds vkxeu dh rkjh[k ds laca/k dh Hkh tk¡p dh xbZ gS A bl v/;;u ds fy, 100 o"kksaZ ¼1901&2000½ ds vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS A
fo’ys"k.k dh lgk;rk ls vk¡dM+ksa dh ,d:irk vkSj o"kkZ ds vU; y{k.kksa dh tk¡p dh xbZ gS A dsjy vkSj dksad.k esa vdky vkSj ekSle laca/kh ck<+ dh ledkfyd ?kVukvksa dh vko`fr dk irk yxk;k x;k gS vkSj mldh tk¡p dh xbZ gS A
bl v/;;u ls ;g irk pyk gS fd ekulwu ds vkxeu ds laca/k esa fFk:ouUriqje vkSj eqEcbZ ds chp egRoiw.kZ laca/k gS A fFk:ouariqje vFkok eqEcbZ vkSj vkbZ- ,l- ,u- vkj- ds chp ekulwu ds vkxeu ds ckjs esa fdlh egRoiw.kZ laca/k dk irk ugha pyk gS A dsjy dh rqyuk eas dksad.k esa ekSle laca/kh ck<+ vf/kd vkrh gS A
In this paper, choosing two locations viz., Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai, an attempt has been made to find whether the onset date of monsoon has any bearing on monsoon rainfall over Kerala and Konkan respectively. Association of the onset dates with Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) for the country as a whole has also been explored. The study utilizes 100 years’ (1901-2000) data.
Homogeneity of the data and other rainfall features have been examined with the help of analysis. Frequency of simultaneous occurrence of droughts and meteorological floods at Kerala and Konkan have been determined and examined.
The study showed that onset over Thiruvananthapuram and Mumbai are significantly related. It revealed absence of any significant relationship between onset over Thiruvananthapuram or Mumbai and the ISMR. Meteorological floods seem to be more frequent over Konkan compared to Kerala.
A diagnostic study of some flood producing rainfall events in Bangladesh with a limited area analysis-forecast system
Authors: PRASAD K. , AFROZ ROMEE , SARKER M. A. , RAHMAN MIZANUR 
Published: November 2021

Lkkj & bl ’kks/k&Ik= esa nf{k.kh if’peh ekulwu dh vof/k ds nkSjku caxykns’k esa Hkkjh o"kkZ ds dkj.k vkus okyh ck<+ dk uSnkfud v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u dk eq[; mn~ns’; caxykns’k ds unh csfluksa ds m/oZ izokg okys Hkkxksa esa yxkrkj gksus okyh Hkkjh o"kkZ dh flukWfIVd fLFkfr;ksa dk irk yxkuk gS A o"kZ 1987 vkSj 1998 ds nkSjku gqbZ lcls vf/kd o"kkZ vkSj lcls vf/kd ck<+ okys nks o"kksZa dk Hkkjh o"kkZ okys rwQku ds laca/k esa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bZ- lh- ,e- MCY;w- ,Q- bZ- vkj- ,-&40 ls muds fQi lkbV ls MkmuyksM fd, x, uSnkfud fo’ys"k.k ds fy, ekSle laca/kh ekufp= rS;kj fd, x, gSaA y?kq vof/k esa o"kkZ dk izfr:i.k djus ds fy, ¶yksfjMk jkT; fo’ofo|ky; ds lhfer {ks= iwokZuqeku fun’kZ dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS A bl fun’kZ dks {kSfrt fxzM ij vk/kk fMxzh v{kka’k@ns’kkraj vkSj Å/okZ/kj esa 16 flxek Lrjksa ij O;kogkfjd cukus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k x;k gSA v/;;u okys bu o"kksZa esa ck<+ ykus okys o"kkZ&rwQkuksa ds fy, mRrjnk;h lkekU; flukWfIVd fLFkfr] bu mRrjh caxykns’k esa mRrjkfHkeq[kh v{kka’k ij ekSleh ekulwu nzks.kh ds v{k dh vofLFkfr vkSj cM+s iSekus ij ifjlapj.k dh folaxfr;ksa ds izHkkoLo:Ik mi;qZDr fLFkfr;ksa esa fLFkj ikbZ xbZ gSA lhfer {ks= fun’kZ ls o"kkZ ds iwokZuqeku 24 ?kaVksa vkSj 48 ?kaVksa dh iwokZuqeku vof/k;ksa esa izkIr gq, gS tks izsf{kr o"kkZ forj.k ds laca/k esa lqlaxr ik, x, gSaA
A diagnostic study of flood producing heavy rainfall in Bangladesh during the southwest monsoon period has been carried out. The study focuses on identifying the synoptic situations leading to persistent heavy rainfall within Bangladesh and in the upstream portions of the river basins of Bangladesh. Case studies are carried out in respect of heavy rainstorms in the two most outstanding excess rainfall and flood years 1987 and 1998. The weather maps for diagnostic analysis are prepared from ECMWF ERA-40 Reanalysis data sets downloaded from their ftp site. A limited area forecast model based on Florida State University has been used for simulating the precipitation in short range. The model has been customized to run on half degree Lat./Long. horizontal grid and 16 sigma levels in the vertical. The common synoptic situation responsible for flood producing rainstorms in the years examined is the positioning of the axis of seasonal monsoon trough in a northerly latitude over north Bangladesh and persistence of the above conditions under the influence of large scale circulation anomalies. The limited area model produced precipitation forecasts in 24h and 48h forecast ranges, which were reasonably well placed with reference to the observed rainfall distribution.