bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study on Peer Pressure on Adolescents of School Going Age in Southern India
Authors: Kumar Shami R. P. , Chaudhary Devanand Gulab , Udayakumar Sivaani , Sujatha Balamma , Sengodan Rajesh , Kumar Santhosh 
Published: December 2021

Background: A peer is a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person. Peer pressure is the influence of peers on people resulting in change in behaviour which could be positive or negative. As adolescent start exploring their identity towards functional independence, the teen peer relationship plays an important role. This could result in the adolescent giving more importance to the opinions and lifestyle of peer and chances of the adolescent going astray.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school going adolescents of 15-18 years age group. The children were administered a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire on peer, parents, friends and their influence in studies, self-esteem, negative habits like smoking and alcoholism. The data collected was analysed using descriptive analytic method.
Results: 242 students participated in the study. Adolescents preferred long term friendships (84.3%) and friendship with same gender (82.6%) while making friends. Majority of adolescents admitted to have good quality time spent with parents (96.7%) and considered parents as the most influential persons in their lives (88.2%). Teen peer relationship resulted in improvement of academic performance in 61.2% of the respondents. Negative peer influences were seen in few like alcohol intake (5%) and cigarette smoking (2.5%).
Conclusion: Parents are the people who wield the most influence on Adolescents of school going age group in Southern India. Peer group by and large have a positive impact on the school going adolescent.
Causes and Treatment of Tension Headache: A Review
Authors: Alnaim Mounther Mohammed A. , Bukhamsin Sarah Abdulla A. , AlBurayh Yasamiyan Ali , Alshadly Mahmoud Refat S. , Almaslamani Khalid Waleed M. , Alatawi Wejdan Lafi S. , Saber Mohannad Abduljaleel A. , Alzahrani Shahad Abdulaziz S. , Alzuwayyid Ali Hussain I. , Alomrani Heba Homoud H. , Alamrani Amal hamoud , Al Masoud Dalal Khalid H. , Alruwaili Alaa Nemer S. , Alghamdi Kholoud Mohammed O. , Alkhediwi Lama Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2021

Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache problem, affecting 46 percent to 78 percent of people at some point in their lives. However, the majority have episodic infrequent TTH (1 day per month or fewer) with no specific need for medical treatment. The diagnosis is made based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. The exact etiology of tension-type headache is unknown. The most likely cause of rare tension-type headaches is activation of hyperexcitable peripheral afferent neurons from head and neck muscles. Nondrug management is commonly utilized and should be considered for all patients with TTH. The scientific evidence for the efficacy of most treatment approaches, on the other hand, is limited. Pharmacological treatment depends on whether the headache is acute or chronic. In this review we will cover the disease epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management.
The aim is to study the Causes and Treatment of Tension Headache method a population-based study in Denmark, About 24% to 37% of the population experienced TTH several times a month, 10% had it weekly, and 2% to 3% of the population had chronic TTH,
In contrast to migraine, women are only slightly more affected than males (the female-to-male ratio of TTH is 5:4), and onset is delayed (25 to 30 years). Between the ages of 30 and 39.
Association between Endoscopic Findings Vs. Serology Findings of Patients with Suspected Celiac Disease
Authors: Abbasi Anwar Hussain , Ahmed Khawaja Ishfaq , Yousuf Nadeem , Qureshi Mahjabeen Fatima , Shaikh Muhammad Shahzeb , Dogar Zarmina 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the association between endoscopic findings vs. serology findings of patients with suspected celiac disease
Methods: All the suspected cases (based on their clinical manifestations) of celiac disease were initially recruited having age >14 years and <40 years of both gender. Patients who did not willing to participate, patients already taking gluten diet for more than 3 months, patients with other causes of chronic diarrhea and alternate diagnosis like thyrotoxicosis, whipple’s disease, giardiasis, patients with drug induced diarrhea, patients in whom we cannot perform endoscopy, pregnant women, and patients already diagnosed cases of celiac disease were excluded from this study. Celiac disease was confirmed based on positive anti-tTG antibodies. Endoscopic evaluation of duodenum was performed in all positive cases.
Results: A total of 50 patients were recruited for final analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy was 34.6%. Young population (31.14±6.07 years) with females predominance (72%, n=36) were more common than males. The most common symptoms were presence of chronic diarrhea (74%, n=37) followed by abdominal pain (52%, n=26), nausea & vomiting (34%, n=17), and least common was presence of constipation (2%, n=1). On endoscopic evaluation, out of 50 positive anti-tTG antibodies cases, 24 had normal mucosa while partial villous atrophy observed in 15 (30%) cases and total villous atrophy observed in 11 cases (22%).
Conclusions: Celiac disease was more prevalent in young females and patients usually presents with history of chronic diarrhea. Anti-tTG antibodies have more diagnostic value than duodenal endoscopy. Villous atrophy was found in more than 50% of the patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease.
Scooping Review on the Symptoms of Apana vayu vaigunya in relation with Atiyana
Authors: Anoop A. K. , Vaidya Arun 
Published: December 2021

The science of life which explains the knowledge of various guidelines to be followed to make a healthy living is called Ayurveda. With the expansion of facilities of travel and occupation, man has to undertake extensive journeys, through diverse modes such as rail, road, water, etc. Most of these situations cited have been principally implicated in the vaigunya (state of altered functioning) of Apanavayu. The manifestation of Apana vayu vaigunya varies from mild cases of constipation to severe cases of mental disturbances. One of the prominent factors highlighted as a cause of Apana vaigunya is Atiyana (excessive travel by any modality).
Symptoms of Apana Vayu vaigunya told in major classical books of Ayurveda were gathered to deduce a comprehensive understanding of the context. Apanavata is invariably associated with the component of pathogenesis in 45 diseases starting from Vatavyadi, Arsas(piles), Asmari, Prameha, Sosha, Jwara, Rakthapitta(Bleeding disorders), Vatarakta, Gulma(phatom tumour), Udara, Mutrakrcha(difficulty in urination), etc. Later the symptoms possibly associated with the vitiation of Apanavata present in diseases were listed and 332 symptoms were found to be associated with Apana kopa (vitiation of apana). These symptoms were further tabulated according to the order of frequency of occurrence as most repeatedly occurring symptoms, moderately repeated symptoms and least repeated symptoms. Thus out of 332 symptoms, 28 symptoms which can possibly occur due to atiyana were selected. In the modern era, due to irregular and bad habits of ahara, vihara along with the suppression of natural urges, the percentage of Apanavaigunyajanya vyadhis are increasing, which affects physical as well as psychological factors also. Work related travel is also now increasing, so it is the right time to concentrate this issue from the concepts of Ayurveda, Apana vayu vaigunya and athiyana. Based on these observations, aim of the present study is to explore the hidden concept of Apana vaigunya mentioned in Ayurvedic literature in relation with atiyana.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude & Practice of Pedodontists Regarding Disinfection Protocol During COVID 19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bhagwani Dishika Ishwar , Sajjanar Arunkumar , Kumar Suryakant , Gahlod Niharika , Kolekar Pratima , Aawari Vaidehi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The whole world has been closely focusing on an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019, and that continues to spread. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, not only gives essential knowledge about COVID-19, but also about disinfection protocols in dental settings.
Aim & Objective: To investigate knowledge, attitude & practice of Pedodontists regarding disinfection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & Methods: A quick online cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 Pedodontists of India. A 16-point questionnaire was made on Google forms and distributed amongst 420 Pedodontists in India, out of which 335 responded. The collected data was sent for appropriate statistics.
Results: Of the total participants 95.82% of Pedodontists are aware of disinfection protocols to be followed during COVID-19. 57.31% of Pedodontists say that 1% sodium hypochlorite is effective in disinfecting operative surfaces & the best agent to disinfect dental waterlines.
Conclusion: The role of Pedodontists in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is of paramount importance. The role of Pedodontists in defending covid19 is essential.
Biological Activities of Withanolides from Datura innoxia
Authors: George Ruby , Mathur Priti 
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Datura innoxia through the chemoinformatic and antibacterial evaluation of withanolides extracted from it.
Study Design: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and drug-likeness of the withanolides—withametelinol A, withametelinol B, witharifeen, withametelin, dinoxin B, and daturalicin—of D. innoxia were analyzed using the SwissADME program. Schrodinger software was used to target and evaluate their antibacterial potentialities through docking studies. The penicillin-binding protein, DNA gyrase, efflux pump protein, and quorum sensing regulators of S. aureus and E. coli were selected as target proteins for assessing protein–ligand interactions. All observations were comparatively analyzed with the properties of withanolide A and withaferin A, the best-known withanolides. Most active dinoxin B withanolide (12500–100000 μg/ml) extracted from leaves of Datura innoxia; was subjected to antibacterial assay against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant(MDR) E. coli isolated from the urine samples of urinary tract infected patients.
Results: In-silico studies revealed the therapeutical properties of various withanolides present in D. innoxia. In particular, the drug-likeness and antibacterial properties of withametelin and dinoxin B were significantly and remarkably high due to their binding affinity toward cell membrane proteins. Docking studies have shown that the efflux pump protein of E. coli and penicillin-binding proteins of S. aureus to be the ligand -interaction targets. A significant antibacterial assay revealed that the MRSA isolates were susceptible to dinoxin B, with a zone of inhibition of 21±0.5 mm to 24±0.5 mm, and the bacteria were susceptible at a concentration rate of ≤ 12.5 mg/ml.
Conclusion: It is crucial to bring awareness of the therapeutical importance of D. innoxia and to preserve this vital plant from being largely destroyed. As computational studies promote the effective selection of drug molecules, this research also helps to select the best compound for further clinical analysis.
Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Hypertensive Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Wajid , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Ali Syed Imran , Leghari Qurratul ain , Jabeen Aisha , Shahid Uzma 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most serious public health issues in the world, affecting around 1.4 billion people worldwide. HTN is becoming highly prevalent in Pakistan, about more than 33% of people over the age of 40 years suffering from the HTN. The illness burden is continuously growing due to the incorrect medicine prescriptions, a lack of education, and a lack of patient compliance. The existence of comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) should be properly considered while choosing an Antihypertensive medication. Similarly, the prescriptions of Oral Hypoglycemic agent’s appropriate consideration are essential. Oral hypoglycemic medications are divided into several categories. Physicians face a challenge in rationally selecting a regimen from a variety of classes, and the situation becomes more complicated when the patients have additional non-communicable illnesses, such as HTN. The combination therapy of ailments not only effects the patient`s economic status but also effects the quality of life.
Objective: To study the prescribing pattern of Antihypertensive drugs in Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for six months in medicine outpatient department at tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The study population was observed for the prescribed pattern of Antihypertensive medicines by assessing the 300 prescriptions of Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: The result revealed that the most commonly prescribed single antihypertensive drug was Enalapril 66 (22%) followed by Amlodipine 63(21%), Ramipril 57(19%), Diltiazem 33(11%), Lisinopril 21(7%) losartan k 6(2%), Nebivolol 6(2%), Bisoprolol 3(1%). Dual therapy included Ramipril and Nebivolol 1(0.33%) and Amlodipine+Valsartan 35 (11.67%), Amlodipine+Valsartan+HCTZ 9 (3%) were the antihypertensive drugs prescribed as fixed dose combinations.
Conclusion: The present study shows Enalapril belonging to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) class was frequently used as single Antihypertensive agent and Amlodipine+Valsartan belonging Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) was the most frequently prescribed fixed dose combination while managing Hypertension of Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Molecular Docking Studies on Phenolic Constituents of Anethum graveolens L. Seed Extracts
Authors: Negru Paul Andrei , Bota Sanda Rodica , Stanasel Oana Delia , Blidar Cristian Felix , Serban Georgeta 
Published: December 2021

Background: There are studies indicating that aqueous or hydroalcoholic dill extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to other fractions. Molecular docking studies would be relevant to get information on the mechanism of action of the phenolic constituents of Anethum graveolens seed extracts as bioactive compounds.
Methodology: In order to perform the docking studies of antioxidant activity of phenolic constituents of Anethum graveolens seed extracts, BIOVIA Discovery Studio and AutoDock Vina software were used.
Results: The orientation of flavonoids within Hck and CYP2C9 binding sites has been shown to be the main reason for their inhibitory potency.
Conclusion: Molecular docking studies indicate that the compounds identified interact with the target enzymes Hck and CYP2C9 at molecular level through their condensed ring systems and hydroxyl substituents and therefore support the antioxidant capacity of the studied phenolic compounds.
Biodistribution of Biomimetic Drug Carriers, Mononuclear Cells, and Extracellular Vesicles, in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Haney Matthew J. , Yuan Hong , Shipley Steven T. , Wu Zhanhong , Zhao Yuling , Pate Kelly , Frank Jonathan E. , Massoud Nicole , Stewart Paul W. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Batrakova Elena V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiscovery of novel drug delivery systems to the brain remains a key task for successful treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, the biodistribution of immunocyte‐based carriers, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte‐derived EVs are investigated in adult rhesus macaques using longitudinal PET/MRI imaging. 64Cu‐labeled drug carriers are introduced via different routes of administration: intraperitoneal (IP), intravenous (IV), or intrathecal (IT) injection. Whole body PET/MRI (or PET/CT) images are acquired at 1, 24, and 48 h post injection of 64Cu‐labeled drug carriers, and standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) in the main organs are estimated. The brain retention for both types of carriers increases based on route of administration: IP < IV < IT. Importantly, a single IT injection of PBMCs produces higher brain retention compared to IT injection of EVs. In contrast, EVs show superior brain accumulation compared to the cells when administered via IP and IV routes, respectively. Finally, a comprehensive chemistry panel of blood samples demonstrates no cytotoxic effects of either carrier. Overall, living cells and EVs have a great potential to be used for drug delivery to the brain. When identifying the ideal drug carrier, the route of administration could make big differences in CNS drug delivery.
Effect of the Threshold Kinetics on the Filament Relaxation Behavior of Ag‐Based Diffusive Memristors
Authors: Chekol Solomon Amsalu , Menzel Stephan , Ahmad Rana Walied , Waser Rainer , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOwing to their unique features such as thresholding and self‐relaxation behavior diffusive memristors built from volatile electrochemical metallization (v‐ECM) devices are drawing attention in emerging memories and neuromorphic computing areas such as temporal coding. Unlike the switching kinetics of non‐volatile ECM cells, the thresholding and relaxation dynamics of diffusive memristors are still under investigation. Comprehension of the kinetics and identification of the underlying physical processes during switching and relaxation are of utmost importance to optimize and modulate the performance of threshold devices. In this study, the switching dynamics of Ag/HfO2/Pt v‐ECM devices are investigated. Depending on the amplitude and duration of applied voltage pulses, the threshold kinetics and the filament relaxation are analyzed in a comprehensive approach. This enables the identification of different mechanisms as the rate‐limiting steps for filament formation and, consequently, to simulate the threshold kinetics using a physical model modified from non‐volatile ECM. New insights gained from the combined threshold and relaxation kinetics study outline the significance of the filament formation and growth process on its relaxation time. This knowledge can be directly transferred into the optimization of the operation conditions of diffusive memristors in neuromorphic circuits.
Surface Nanopatterned Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)‐Based Photosensitive Artificial Muscle
Authors: Kim Min‐Soo , Lee Hye‐Sung , Cho Younggyun , Heo Jae Kyung , Quan Ying‐Jun , Lee Seung Woo , Pahk Heui Jae , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight‐driven shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based microscale actuators show great promise for artificial muscle and biomedical applications, as they are actuated remotely and have a fast response speed. However, ultraviolet (UV) light is required for device actuation; thus, the operating environment has been limited. Here, an infrared (IR) light‐driven SMA actuator is proposed, in which the plasmonic effect is used to enhance IR light absorptance. A sub‐micrometer pattern is used to create an optical meta‐surface capable of tuning the light absorptance. Conical nanohole arrays are fabricated with a focused ion beam. The absorptance tuning effect is evaluated in terms of the optical characteristics and performance of the actuator. The nanopatterned surface increases the narrow‐band IR light absorption by up to 55%. Optics simulations are conducted to verify the experimental results. A pattern design method is proposed, based on the light wavelength of the stimulating source. Combining heterogeneous surfaces, both UV and IR light achieve decoupled microscale actuation. These actuators show a response similar to that of the iris muscle, which is responsible for the eye's pupillary reflex. It is expected that these actuators will broaden SMA applications in clinical devices and soft robotics.
Programmable Polarization of 2D Anisotropic Rare Earth Material for Images Transmission and Encryption
Authors: Chen Ping , Feng Xin , Li Dongyan , Pi Lejing , Li Zexin , Xu Xiang , Wang Haoyun , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight manipulation has promoted applications in all‐optical processing. 2D anisotropic rare earth (RE) materials are promising for light modulation to realize information transmission and encryption due to the unique optical behaviors of RE ions. Here, image transmission and encryption have been realized by using 2D anisotropic RE material Eu2O3. The polarized photoluminescence (PL) of Eu2O3 has been innovatively applied for information transmission by switching the on/off states. The opposite two modes of polarization‐dependent PL have been applied to grayscale‐resolved image transmission and encryption with high security. This novel approach, polarization manipulation on the PL of 2D anisotropic RE materials, will shed light on the development of information processing, all‐optical switch, and all‐optical computation.
Electrochemical Ammonium Cation‐Assisted Hydropyridylation of Ketone‐Activated Alkenes: Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Yang Jianjing , Ma Jing , Yan Kelu , Tian Laijin , Li Bingwen , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work describes an electrochemical ammonium cation enabled hydropyridylation of ketone‐activated alkenes under metal‐ and exogenous reductant free conditions giving access to β‐pyridyl ketones, through dual proton‐coupled electron transfer and radical cross‐coupling. It features a broad substrate scope and allows a gram‐scale synthesis. Ammonium chloride plays various roles in this transformation such as the hydrogen donor, the protonation reagent, and electrolyte. In particular, various experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the mechanism of dual proton‐coupled electron transfer followed by radical cross‐coupling is the preferred pathway.magnified image
Plasma Engineering of Basal Sulfur Sites on MoS2@Ni3S2 Nanorods for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Yun , Ruan Qingdong , Pang Ning , Zhou Yang , Wu Dajun , Xiong Dayuan , Xu Shaohui , Wang Lianwei , Chu Paul K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInexpensive and efficient catalysts are crucial to industrial adoption of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to produce hydrogen. Although two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2 materials have large specific surface areas, the catalytic efficiency is normally low. In this work, Ag and other dopants are plasma‐implanted into MoS2 to tailor the surface and interface to enhance the HER activity. The HER activty increases initially and then decreases with increasing dopant concentrations and implantation of Ag is observed to produce better results than Ti, Zr, Cr, N, and C. At a current density of 400 mA cm−2, the overpotential of Ag500‐MoS2@Ni3S2/NF is 150 mV and the Tafel slope is 41.7 mV dec−1. First‐principles calculation and experimental results reveal that Ag has higher hydrogen adsorption activity than the other dopants and the recovered S sites on the basal plane caused by plasma doping facilitate water splitting. In the two‐electrode overall water splitting system with Ag500‐MoS2@Ni3S2/NF, a small cell voltage of 1.47 V yields 10 mA cm−2 and very little degradation is observed after operation for 70 hours. The results reveal a flexible and controllable strategy to optimize the surface and interface of MoS2 boding well for hydrogen production by commercial water splitting.