bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Information Externality of Public Firms’ Financial Information in the State‐Bond Secondary Market
Authors: CHENG STEPHANIE F. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis study provides evidence on the role of public firms’ financial reports in the state‐bond secondary market. I investigate the informational role of corporate earnings announcements and find that public firms’ monthly earnings signals aggregated to the state level are positively associated with contemporaneous state‐bond returns. Further analyses reveal that public firms’ earnings announcements predict traditional economic indicators and contain incremental information that is independent of the traditional economic indicators. In cross‐sectional analyses, I show that the earnings–returns relation is especially pronounced when bondholders face longer investment horizons and higher credit risks. Taken together, the evidence indicates a positive externality of corporate financial reports in alleviating the opacity in the municipal bond secondary market.
Navigating sticky floors and glass ceilings: Barriers and opportunities for women's employment in natural resources industries in Canada
Authors: Baruah Bipasha , Biskupski‐Mujanovic Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWomen make up almost half the Canadian labour force and more than 50% of post‐secondary students. However, in natural resources (NR) industries (energy, mining, forestry), they represent less than 20% of the workforce, face persistent wage gaps, hold traditionally gendered roles (in sales, administrative and support services) instead of technical or managerial positions, and are persistently absent from leadership roles. Retention of women is also a big challenge in these industries: many tend to leave their jobs within the first five years of employment, and/or after one or more maternity leaves. Women are very poorly represented in leadership positions (as senior executives and board members) despite significant evidence that gender diversity in leadership is good for business. Findings from our study of the status of women in NR employment in Canada produced concrete policy recommendations for recruiting, retaining, and promoting women in energy, mining, and forestry. Although these are intended specifically for Canadian organisations, they may also be relevant for other countries where women are underrepresented in NR industries.
Defensive behavior of the invasive alien hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax against potential human aggressors
Authors: Choi Moon Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn areas where wasps are common, many wasp sting incidents occur. However, guidance on the correct response to wasp attacks remains lacking. In this study, behavioral response experiments were conducted with the aim of minimizing damage from group wasp attacks. The study species was Vespa velutina, which frequently causes wasp sting injuries in the southern regions of South Korea. Results demonstrated that worker wasps showed defensive behavior when a person approached within 3 m of the nest, and the attack rate was higher when the person conducted a large arm swing. When a person walked away after touching a nest, the number of workers attacking did not significantly decrease until they reached 5 m, this reduced to less than half when the person reached 10 m. Approximately 1.3 workers attacked even up to 300 m. However, when the person ran, the number of workers attacking was almost one or less after 10 m. Therefore, it is best to escape quickly to at least 10 m to reduce injury from group attacks. When wasps attacked, even if the person crouched, the attack did not decrease. Our recommended defensive behavior when wasps attack unexpectedly is that victims should turn their face in the opposite direction to the nest or the wasps, protect their face with their hands and arms, lean forward and run away rapidly to minimize injury. Wearing a wide brim hat was very effective, preventing about 75% of stings to the head, so this is also recommended.
Implementation of a Petrographical and Petrophysical Workflow Protocol for Studying the Impact of Heterogeneity on the Rock Typing and Reservoir Quality of Reefal Limestone: A Case Study on the Nullipore Carbonates in the Gulf of Suez
Authors: SAFA Mona G. , NABAWY Bassem S. , BASAL Ahmed M.K. , OMRAN Mohammad A. , LASHIN Aref 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the heterogeneity of the middle Miocene syn‐rift Belayim nullipore (reefal) marine sequences in the Gulf of Suez and its impacts on reservoir quality. The sequences consist of coralline algal reef limestones with a highly complex dual‐porosity system of primary and secondary porosities of widely varying percentages. To achieve a precise mathematical modeling of these reservoir sequences, a workflow protocol was applied to separate these sequences into a number of hydraulic flow units (HFUs) and reservoir rock types (RRTs). This has been achieved by conducting a conventional core analysis on the nullipore marine sequence. To illustrate the heterogeneity of the nullipore reservoir, the Dykstra‐Parsons coefficient (V) has been estimated (V = 0.91), indicating an extremely heterogeneous reservoir. A slight to high anisotropy (λk) has been assigned for the studied nullipore sequences. A stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot (SMLP) was applied to define the optimum number of HFUs and barriers/baffles in each of the studied wells. Integrating the permeability‐porosity, reservoir quality index‐normalized porosity index (RQI‐NPI) and the RQI‐flow zone indicator (RQI‐FZI) plots, the discrete rock types (DRT) and the R35 techniques enable the discrimination of the reservoir sequences into 4 RRTs/HFUs. The RRT4 packstone samples are characterized by the best reservoir properties (moderate permeability anisotropy, with a good‐to‐fair reservoir quality index), whereas the RRT1 mudstone samples have the lowest flow and storage capacities, as well as the tightest reservoir quality.
A Juvenile Specimen of Sauropodomorpha from the Lower Jurassic of China and a Brief Review of the Lufeng Sauropodomorph Fauna
Authors: PEYRE DE FABRÈGUES Claire , BI Shundong , AI Tianyu , XU Xing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn incomplete dinosaur skeleton, including a partial skull, recently discovered from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China, is here reported. Apart from its small size, little anatomical evidence supports, a priori, the non‐adult status of this new sauropodomorph specimen but osteohistological analyses suggest that it is a fast‐growing juvenile. This specimen represents only the second occurrence of a juvenile non‐sauropodan sauropodomorph in the Lufeng Basin. The anatomy of the new specimen does not match that of other Lower Jurassic immature specimens; although cranial material is preserved, it does not display the diagnostic characters of early sauropodomorphs from the same horizon, namely Lufengosaurus, Yizhousaurus and Yunnanosaurus. Our phylogenetic analysis places the new specimen in a position relatively distant from other Chinese sauropodomorphs, and corroborates the anatomical evidence showing it is not referable to any known species already excavated in Yunnan. This result is interpreted with caution considering that ontogeny affects phylogenetic reconstruction. A thorough comparison with adult forms, taking into account ontogeny‐related characters, suggests that this Lufeng juvenile might represent a previously unknown species of early sauropodomorph.
Management of chyle leakage after general thoracic surgery: Impact of thoracic duct embolization
Authors: Jeon Yeong Jeong , Cho Jong Ho , Hyun Dongho , Shin Sumin , Kim Hong Kwan , Choi Yong Soo , Kim Jhingook , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of thoracic duct embolization (TDE) on the management of postoperative chyle leakage.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical record database of 4171 patients who underwent curative resection for lung or esophageal cancer between January 2015 and June 2017. We classified the period before the introduction of TDE as the first period and the period after the introduction of TDE as the second period.ResultsA total of 105 patients who developed chyle leakage after surgery were included. In the first period, 49 patients who underwent lung surgery developed chylothorax. Of those, two patients (4.1%) underwent surgical ligation of the thoracic duct (TD). Of eight patients with chyle leakage after esophagectomy, four patients (50%) underwent TD ligation. In the second period, 30 patients developed postoperative chyle leakage after pulmonary resection. Only one (3.3%) of them required surgical ligation. Of eight patients with chyle leakage after esophagectomy, only two (11.1%) patients underwent TD ligation. Five patients (16.7%) received TDE after lung surgery and five patients (27.7%) after esophageal surgery. Also, in the second period, the hospital stay of patients who underwent lung cancer surgery was shorter than the first period (12.6 ± 4.6 days vs. 16.3 ± 9.7 days; p = 0.026).ConclusionsTDE is an effective method for the management of chyle leakage and might help to avoid invasive surgery.
Genomic analysis between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung cancer using laser‐assisted microdissection: A case report
Authors: Iida Yuko , Gon Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Yoko , Kurosawa Yusuke , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Mizumura Kenji , Shimizu Tetsuo , Takahashi Noriaki , Masuda Shinobu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer (LC) is the most fatal complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathogenesis of the development of LC from IPF is still unclear. Here, we report a case of IPF‐associated LC for which we investigated the genetic alterations between IPF and LC. We extracted formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded DNA from each part of the surgical lung tissue using a laser‐assisted microdissection technique. The mutations in each part were detected by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using 72 lung cancer‐related mutation panels. Five mutations were found in IPF and four in LC. Almost all somatic mutations did not overlap between the IPF and LC regions. These findings suggest that IPF‐associated LC may not be a result of the accumulation of somatic mutations in the regenerated epithelium of the honeycomb lung in the IPF region.
Two cases of lung cancer with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kurozumi Atsumasa , Takahashi Hidenori , Watanabe Takayasu , Iwasaki Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report the cases of two patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, who were diagnosed using the recently developed HScore. The first patient presented with fever, cytopenia, and elevated liver enzyme levels at 46 days post‐pembrolizumab administration. The HScore was 175. The second patient developed an immune‐related adverse event at 30 days after the final pembrolizumab dose. The HScore was 185. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was confirmed in both patients, and corticotherapy improved their condition. It is challenging to diagnose hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, particularly after development at a late stage. Our patients developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis late after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration. However, the HScore enabled us to diagnose both cases precisely and in a timely manner.
Failaka Island in the Late Islamic Period. Investigations at the fishing village of Kharaib al‐Dasht
Authors: Pieńkowska Agnieszka , Truszkowski Marek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to present the architectural remains and spatial organisation of the site of Kharaib al‐Dasht, a Late Islamic fishing village dating from the late seventeenth to the nineteenth century. In the course of six seasons of excavation, which started in 2013, there was uncovered a part of this extensive site, revealing remnants of a fish processing area, residential architecture and a mosque. The findings from Kharaib al‐Dasht serve here as a starting point for a discussion on the character of settlement activity on Failaka in the Late Islamic period, which was a time of dynamic change in the political and economic landscape of the region as evidenced by the available written sources.
β‐Arrestin 2 (ARRB2) Polymorphism is Associated With Adverse Consequences of Chronic Heroin Use
Authors: Karavidha Klevis K. , Burmeister Margit , Greenwald Mark K. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectivesβ‐arrestin 2 is an intracellular protein recruited during the activation of G‐protein‐coupled receptors. In preclinical studies, β‐arrestin 2 has been implicated in µ‐opioid receptor desensitization and internalization and the development of opioid tolerance and dependence. The present study investigated relationships between variants in the gene encoding β‐arrestin 2 (ARRB2) and clinically relevant phenotypes among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). We hypothesized that ARRB2 variants would be associated with the negative effects of long‐term heroin use.MethodsChronic heroin users (N = 201; n = 103 African American; n = 98 Caucasian) were genotyped for ARRB2 r1045280 (synonymous, also affecting binding motif of transcription factor GTF2IRD1), rs2036657 (3'UTR) and rs3786047 (intron) and assessed for the past‐month frequency of use, injection use, and lifetime duration of heroin use, number of heroin quit‐attempts, and heroin use‐related consequences.ResultsLifetime heroin‐use consequences (especially occupational and health‐related) were significantly lower for African American ARRB2 r1045280 C‐allele carriers compared with the TT genotype. There was no significant genotype difference in the Caucasian group. ARRB2 rs2036657 was in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1045280.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results, consistent with extant data, illustrate a role for ancestry‐dependent allelic variation in ARRB2 r1045280 on heroin‐use consequences. The ARRB2 r1045280 C‐allele played a protective role in African‐descent participants.Scientific SignificanceThese first‐in‐human findings, which should be replicated, provide support for mechanistic investigations of ARRB2 and related intracellular signaling molecules in OUD etiology, treatment, and relapse prevention. (Am J Addict 2021;00:00–00)
Managing social support needs in older age for childless Malaysians living in poverty
Authors: Ng Yin Mei , Tilse Cheryl , Wilson Jill 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how older people manage social support needs when they are childless and living in poverty in the Malaysian context where social policy emphasises family as the primary provider of social support.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were completed with a purposive sample of 34 childless and older Malaysians living in poverty in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A thematic content analysis focused on their reports of managing social support needs.ResultsKey strategies were using existing resources, developing new networks and adjusting expectations. Agency played a vital role in avoiding institutional care.ConclusionsThis paper adds to research on childlessness in older age in varied policy and cultural contexts. It challenges assumptions about families providing social support and argues for policies to recognise older people as an individual unit rather than as part of a family to prolong independent living in the community.
Efficacy of topical versus intradermal injection of Tranexamic Acid In Egyptian melasma Patients: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Badran Aya Y. , Ali Ahmed U. , Gomaa Ahmed S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is one of the common pigmentary problems affecting females in our community, owing to the frequent use of hormonal contraceptives as well as our sunny climate. A lot of treatment options are available but none of them is completely satisfactory. Many patients prefer the use of topical preparations and minimally invasive methods. Tranexamic acid (TA) is a potential treatment option for hyperpigmentation with different delivery routes.AimWe designed the study in order to evaluate the efficacy of TA in melasma using 2 different routes of delivery.Patients and methodsA randomised clinical trial was performed on 60 female patients with melasma, they randomly divided into three groups; A, B and C. Group (A) patients received TA (4 mg/mL) intradermal injections every 2 weeks with, group B received TA (10 mg/mL) intradermal injections every 2 weeks, group C received TA cream (10% concentration) twice daily, treatment continued for 12 weeks in all groups. Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores were measured for each patient before and after completion of treatment.ResultsThe percentage of MASI score reduction was highest in group B (62.7%) versus (39.1%) in group A, while the percentage of MASI reduction was the lowest in group C (4.2%).ConclusionTranexamic acid is a safe effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for melasma patients. Intradermal injection of TA leads to better results than the topical application. Topical TA cream (even in a high concentration) produce fair improvement of melasma.
Intra‐cavernous injection of BOTOX® (50 and 100 Units) for treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: El‐Shaer Waleed , Ghanem Hussein , Diab Tamer , Abo‐Taleb Ahmed , kandeel Wael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a socioeconomic problem.There are several options for its management including intra‐cavernosal injection (ICI).ObjectiveTo compare the safety, efficacy, and durability of ICI of onabotulinum toxin‐A (BTX) in different doses (50 and 100 U) against placebo (saline) in the management of vasculogenic ED non‐responding to pharmacological therapy (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors or/and ICI of trimix).Materials and MethodsA prospective randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was conducted between July 2016 and February 2019. A total of 176 patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of the treatment sequences: Botox 100 U group (BTX‐100; 62 patients), Botox 50 U group (BTX‐50; 59 patients), or placebo group (55 patients). All patients were followed up for 6 months.ResultsSignificant improvement in all parameters, that is, SHIM score & Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), Global Assessment Score (GAS), and Doppler parameters (p < 0.001) was observed in patients of BTX‐100 and BTX‐50 groups with maximum improvement at 3rd month of treatment. Around 40% of patients were responders and were able to engage in sexual intercourse. Patients in placebo group did not experience significant improvement (p = 0.264). It was noted that at the 2nd week and 3rd months after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of these parameters in BTX‐100 and BTX‐50 groups (p > 0.05). In the 6th month, there was a statistically significant difference between the aforementioned groups in favor of BTX‐100 (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOnly one‐time ICI of BTX (50 U and 100 U) is effective and safe for the treatment of refractory ED. This agent has a considerable long duration of action, particularly BTX‐100U seems to be more durable.
Optical coherence tomography angiography changes in cardiovascular systemic diseases and risk factors: A Review
Authors: Monteiro‐Henriques Inês , Rocha‐Sousa Amândio , Barbosa‐Breda João 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the main cause of death around the world, and assessing a patient’s CV risk factors (CVRF) can play a major role in its prevention. Since it has been shown that retinal vascular alterations may reflect several systemic processes such as CVRF, we conducted a systematic review in order to summarize which ocular microvasculature changes can be found using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in patients without ocular diseases and with systemic pathologies/conditions that affect the CV system when compared to healthy subjects. We searched on online databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science, and obtained additional studies through citation tracking. Case reports and review articles were excluded. A total of 47 articles were included in our review. We describe that patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, preeclampsia, coronary artery disease, carotid artery stenosis and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome have, in general, lower retinal and choroidal Vessel Density (VD) and Length (VL), as well as an increased foveal avascular zone area and perimeter. Additionally, several characteristics and/or conditions in healthy subjects, such as smoking status, hyper or hypoxia conditions, race, among others, are also related to ocular vascular changes and should be accounted for. We concluded that OCTA could be a useful tool to assess a patient’s CV risk profile in a non‐invasive way, possibly integrating the diagnostic and prognostic algorithms of the most prevalent CV diseases in the future.
Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides
Authors: Muntjewerff Elke M. , Tang Kechun , Lutter Lisanne , Christoffersson Gustaf , Nicolasen Mara J. T. , Gao Hong , Katkar Gajanan D. , Das Soumita , ter Beest Martin , Ying Wei , Ghosh Pradipta , El Aidy Sahar , Oldenburg Bas , van den Bogaart Geert , Mahata Sushil K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimA “leaky” gut barrier has been implicated in the initiation and progression of a multitude of diseases, for example, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome and celiac disease. Here we show how pro‐hormone Chromogranin A (CgA), produced by the enteroendocrine cells, and Catestatin (CST: hCgA352‐372), the most abundant CgA‐derived proteolytic peptide, affect the gut barrier.MethodsColon tissues from region‐specific CST‐knockout (CST‐KO) mice, CgA‐knockout (CgA‐KO) and WT mice were analysed by immunohistochemistry, western blot, ultrastructural and flowcytometry studies. FITC‐dextran assays were used to measure intestinal barrier function. Mice were supplemented with CST or CgA fragment pancreastatin (PST: CgA250‐301). The microbial composition of cecum was determined. CgA and CST levels were measured in blood of IBD patients.ResultsPlasma levels of CST were elevated in IBD patients. CST‐KO mice displayed (a) elongated tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes similar to IBD patients, (b) elevated expression of Claudin 2, and (c) gut inflammation. Plasma FITC‐dextran measurements showed increased intestinal paracellular permeability in the CST‐KO mice. This correlated with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, a dysbiotic pattern commonly encountered in various diseases. Supplementation of CST‐KO mice with recombinant CST restored paracellular permeability and reversed inflammation, whereas CgA‐KO mice supplementation with CST and/or PST in CgA‐KO mice showed that intestinal paracellular permeability is regulated by the antagonistic roles of these two peptides: CST reduces and PST increases permeability.ConclusionThe pro‐hormone CgA regulates the intestinal paracellular permeability. CST is both necessary and sufficient to reduce permeability and primarily acts by antagonizing PST.