bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microplastic pollution in Deli River Medan
Authors: Harpah N , Ageng P , Addauwiyah R , Rizki A , Perdana Z , Suryati I , Leonardo R , Husin A , Faisal M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroplastic is new pollution and made from a synthetic polymer. The Deli River is one of the main rivers in Medan city that flow on urban and suburban areas. This study has aims to identify the characteristics (shape and type), the quantity, and the microplastic correlation with the flow velocity. Sample collected at eight locations based on SNI 03-70160-2004 and preparation in the laboratory with organic digestion and density separation. The microplastic characterized identified with FTIR and microscopy, the quantity identified with microscopy. Analyze the relation tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and significance tested by Pearson Correlation at a 95% confidence level. The result showed that Deli River contains polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene with film and fragment shape dominated. The average microplastic quantity on Deli River Water is 102 particles L-1. The amount of microplastic has a positive correlation with the flow velocity. Most of the microplastic on Deli River Water in Medan came from secondary microplastic.
Current development of cellulose-based biopolymer as an agent for enhancing oil recovery
Authors: Riswati S S , Setiati R , Kasmungin S , Fathaddin M T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is widely accepted that the chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, especially polymer flooding, has been successfully implemented and improves oil production in oilfields worldwide. Polymers are injected into the well to increase the viscosity of the displacing fluid. Most of the polymer flooding projects employ synthetic polymer, and the rest uses biopolymer. Considering the environmental concern, it is encouraging to select biopolymer as an EOR agent. This study focuses on the current status of the development of the cellulose-based biopolymer for EOR since cellulose is abundant organic material in nature. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) have been utilized in the oil industry, while cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) are recently being introduced as potential EOR agents. The evidence from the previously published data shows that cellulose-based biopolymers can improve oil recovery and have distinct characteristics. This study is a preliminary attempt for further application of cellulose-based biopolymer in EOR.
Distribution pattern of e. coli and total coliform at Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City, Indonesia
Authors: Kairunnisa D , Hendrawan D I , Fachrul M F , Rinanti A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Escherichia coli bacteria and Total coliform in groundwater are often the leading cause of diarrhea cases. Some of the factors that cause groundwater pollution are the distance of the septic tank to the well, the presence of pollutants near the well, and poor construction. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of E. coli and total coliform. The research was conducted in Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City. There are 11 wells monitored. Counting the number of E. coli and total coliform using APHA 9223 A method with Colilert’s IDEXX. The distribution pattern of E. coli bacteria and total coliform in shallow groundwater is supported by Geographic Information System (GIS) software that ArcGIS based on android. The result shows the number of E. coli 1 - >2500 MPN/100 ml and total coliform 3 - >2500 MPN/100 ml. The distribution of E. coli and total coliform toward to direction to the northwest is influenced by the distance of the well from the septic tank, the presence of pollutants, and population density.
Analysis of PM10 dispersion models from coal-fired power plant activities in North Sumatera by using CALPUFF
Authors: Suryati I , Zulkarnain R , Pratama A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nearly 35% of electricity generation in the North Sumatra region comes from coal-fired steam power plants. The existence of coal-fired power plants also has a negative impact in the form of a decrease in ambient air quality. To determine the pollutant dispersing concentration from the chimney, it can be done by modelling the pollutant disperse pattern. This study uses the CALPUFF model because this model is non-steady state and follows variations in meteorological factors. The research location is in Pangkalan Susu coal-fired power plants with PM10 parameters. The research aims to calculate the concentration of PM10 with CALPUFF and to validate modelling. The results showed that the concentration of the PM10 model obtained was 0.07-0.86 μg/m3, and the observation was 12.77 - 56.45 μg/m3. The CALPUFF model show that the impact distribution area is in the direction of the wind direction of the wind rose and the affected area is in the southwest of the Pangkalan Susu coal-fired power plants. The model validation for d = 0.968, r = 0.922 and FB = 1.962, which means that the CALPUFF model is valid and can be applied to estimate the impact distribution area at Pangkalan Susu coal-fired power plants.
Microbiome analysis of medical mask waste as an early step to prevent environmental pollution due to unstandardized waste treatment strategies
Authors: Rozana K , Susanti E , Saputra I K , Ciptawati E , Kurniawan D T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic caused a large amount of medical mask waste to be buried in the environment. Medical masks are one of the categories of B3 waste that should require a special treatment process. In fact, in the current pandemic conditions, medical mask waste can be found along with household waste without special treatment and separation. Medical masks have the potential to contain pathogenic microbial populations that attack the human respiratory system. On the other hand, microbes themselves are a group of organisms that are susceptible to mutation. Management of medical mask waste that does not comply with B3 waste management standards will have an impact on the emergence of new problems in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of microorganism populations in mask waste samples taken randomly from household waste disposal sites. The medical mask waste sample will then be isolated and identified to determine the medical mask waste sample’s microbiome variations. Based on the research results, it was found that 47% of the microorganisms detected were coliform microorganisms, 20% of other organisms were unidentified microorganisms, and the remaining 33% were pathogenic microorganisms.
Covid-19 is impact to air quality transformation based on Landsat: a case from Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Muhtar G A , Mariati H , Ridwan  , Hasanuddin  , Sandi R , Okviyani N 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMakassar is city center in Eastern Indonesia, so that many sectors such as industry, services, settlements, education, trade, and transportation are developing rapidly. These various activities produce exhaust emissions, such as SO2(Sulfur Dioxide) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide), which can be bad for health. Landsat is a measuring tool used to monitor air quality in a large area. The research objective was to measure changes in SO2and NOx using Landsat 8 OLI in Makassar City before covid (October 2019) and during covid (during PSBB/June 2020 and after PSBB/October 2020). Kruskal Test is used to analyze transformation difference significantly on SO2and NOx before the covid pandemic and during a covid pandemic. The result shows that SO2is higher before covid. That is 220 ppm in October 2019. While covid, it is 42 ppm on June 2020 and 98 ppm on October 2020. The same thing happened to NOx. NOx is higher before covid that is 177 μ/m3. But while covid, it is decreased. That is 173 μ/m3in June 2020 and 175 μ/m3in October 2020. Kruskal Test shows a significant difference between SO2and NOx before and during a covid pandemic.
The study of N:P ratio for estimating nutrient limitation at shallow lakes waters in Depok City West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fachrul M F , Hendrawan D I , Rinanti A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the concentration of Nitrate and Phosphate, also the N:P ratio in waters of shallow lakes in Depok City, West Java Province, Indonesia using secondary data collected in 2017 and 2019. In an environment, nitrogen and phosphate sources are fertilizers and wastewater discharged from livestock facilities and sewage from residential areas, which discharge into lakes. The results analysis of nitrate concentration ranged from 0.06– 3.02mg/L and phosphate concentration from 0.004-0.18mg/L. The N:P ratio calculation is known that 8.00-68.00, the value shows that there has been an excessive addition of phosphate elements into the shallow lake waters. Therefore, it appears that the N element is a limiting element that affects the biological conditions of ecosystems such as phytoplankton communities, species composition which is likely to occur dominance of certain types. This situation is quite reasonable, considering that around the lakes are residential areas that discharge domestic wastewater that uses detergents into the lakes. Anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus supply to natural ecosystems in shallow lakes in Depok City that the average N:P ratio in 2017 is 40.65 and 2019 is 35.99.
Utilization of lignite coal as heavy metal adsorbent in chemistry laboratory wastewater
Authors: Suliestyah  , Astuti A D , Sari I P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wastewater from Chemistry Laboratory contains heavy metals which need treatment before being discharged into the environment. This study investigates the treatment of chemistry laboratory wastewater using activated carbon. The activated carbon was made from lignite coal with ZnCl2 activation and carbonization was carried out at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours. The highest iodine number is 1529.20 mg/g on activated carbon with a grain size of 80 mesh of coal and a composition of 40% ZnCl2-60% coal. Adsorption of Fe, Cr and Pb metals using activated carbon was carried out at 2 variations of initial concentrations. At an initial concentration of 75.8 ppm Fe, metal adsorption is 84%, while at an initial concentration of 37.9 ppm it is 87%. The adsorption of Cr metal is 44% at an initial concentration of 1.37 ppm, and it is 79% at an initial concentration of 0.69 ppm. The adsorption of Pb metal is 91% at an initial concentration of 11.2 ppm, and it is 91% at an initial concentration of 5.6 ppm. The results showed that activated carbon from lignite coal could adsorb Fe, Cr and Pb metals, and the initial concentration influenced the effectiveness of metal adsorption.
Drilling waste management using zero discharge technology with Drill Cutting Re-injection (DCRI) method for environmental preservation
Authors: Darajah M H , Karundeng I , Setiati R , Wastu A R R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The energy requirement level in Indonesia is quite high. The increasing oil and gas upstream industries to fulfil energy requirement in the future is highly connected with the escalation of wastes, especially drilling wastes. Drilling is one of the main operations in upstream oil and gas industries, which can harm the environment with its various types of wastes. The drilling process produces millions of barrels of wastes each year. However, with the industries being rapidly developed to fulfil national energy requirement, environmental-related regulations for drilling activities have been firmly tightened. Drilling and drilling mud system technology is more sophisticated and the majority of oil drilling companies are starting to adopt environmentally friendly drilling options. The objective of writing this article is to acknowledge the method of drilling waste processing by considering environmentally friendly aspect. Drill Cutting Re-Injection (DCRI) is one of the developing environmentally friendly processing techniques with zero discharge in oil and gas industries. With the utilization of the DCRI process, the companies can produce positive outcomes such as low environmental impact, low safety risks, low transportation problems, and economically cleaning responsibility.
Volumetric calculations for estimating reserves of oil and gas energy resources
Authors: Ardiyansyah M , Triany N , Setiati R , Koesmawardani W T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The energy requirement in Indonesia is relatively high. Areas with oil reserves in Indonesia are still available because the existing refineries only produce 60% to 70% of their total production capacity potential. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate potential reserves of existing oil and gas resources, both in exploration areas and in existing oil and gas fields. The oil and gas field evaluation aims to develop oil and gas fields and increase oil and gas production. One of the methods used is the volumetric calculation to estimate oil and gas reserves. This method is used when the available data is incomplete. This method can be used to determine the initial hydrocarbon in place. This method is carried out in the prospect area of the “R” field, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Using porosity, saturation, and formation volume factor from petrophysical data, and bulk volume calculated using the trapezoidal and pyramidal formula from the depth structure map data, initial hydrocarbons in place in prospect area can be estimated at 10.3 MMSTB for oil and 8.55 BSCF for gas. By estimating reserves, we can estimate the potential value of oil and gas resources to fulfill energy needs.
The vision, mission, and implementation of environmental education of adiwiyata elementary school in Malang City
Authors: Utaya S , Wafaretta V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research aims at observing and identifying the vision-mission and performance of environmental education at Adiwiyata Elementary School (Tunjung Sekar 1 and Sukun 1) in Malang City. The method of data collecting was a study of document, observation, and interview. The result of this research is: (1) The vision proclaimed by the two elementary schools is relatively similar, making the school obtain an excellent achievement in academic. Furthermore, since both elementary schools have received Adiwiyata School title, the two elementary schools also have a vision of concern for the environment. In SDN Tunjung Sekar 1, they include one more additional value within their vision, it is environmental culture. As for the mission, SDN Tunjung Sekar 1 explicitly included aspects of learning with the high portion (60%), and environmental aspects in the form of behavior and culture encouragement, and the creation of environmental education of schools that meet the ecological standards and appropriate for student age; While the mission of SDN Sukun 1 focuses more on the aspect of forming the character of students who are religious and care for the environment, and (2) The implementation of environmental education activities in both elementary school employees similar method and approach.
Elementary school students’ environmental disposition: Students’ sensitivity level toward environment
Authors: Nadiroh  , Irdiyansyah I 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental disposition is a part of environmental literacy dimension that has related to the attitude toward environment. One of the components is sensitivity to the environment. Environmental sensitivity should be taught by giving a good example in the school and the people around. Knowing students’ environmental sensitivity is necessary very much to decide appropriate environment subject based, curriculum and policy. The objective of the study is to describe the level of elementary school students’ environmental sensitivity. Descriptive method is used to capture and describe students’ sensitivity towards environment qualitatively and narratively. The subjects given are related to the problems found in daily life especially in the school and home around. As much as 100 students of six grade of elementary school involved as respondents. The students responded 15 statements related to the environmental issue by choosing: agree, doubt, or disagree. The result of the study shows that the students of elementary schools can be categorized as students who were sensitive towards environment around even doing the small things, but the rest of them who doubt and only a bit who ignore. The subject taught and the real example from the teachers can increase students’ environmental sensitivity level.
Continuous thermophilic composting process using heating lamps controlled by a microcontroller
Authors: Rochaeni A , Mulyatna L , Ariantara B , Fathul M , Sagrim W M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe natural composting process takes a long time because it goes through four phases of temperature levels. One of them is the thermophilic phase, where the largest rate of organic degradation occurs. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the composting process through temperature control. It was carried out using the Continuous Thermophilic Composting (CTC) method. The heating system was designed to provide the thermophilic temperature in the range of 50 - 65 °C. Arduino microcontroller was used to control the process temperature in real time. Several experiments were carried out to obtain the best design. In the first experiment, acrylic was used as the heating system wall with a 100 W incandescent lamp and a fan. The highest composting temperature produced was 38 °C on the 7thday. In the second experiment, two 100 W incandescent lamps were used to increase heat generation, and the highest composting process temperature was 41 °C. In the third experiment, 0.2 mm steel wall was used with two 100 W incandescent lamps and two fans, and the temperature of the composting process reached the thermophilic phase, namely 61°C on the 8thday.
Biogas production from household food waste using homemade bio-activator in semi-continuous digester
Authors: Raharjo S , Surianto H , Hidayatullah S I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the performance of homemade bio-activator in processing household food waste through a semi-continuous process. It used a 214 litres capacity of an anaerobic digester that serve 8 households. Performance of digester with homemade bio-activator was compared to other commercial activators including Green Phosko (GP7), Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) and one digester control without activator. The pH of household food waste was set at a neutral using limestone, while the weight ratio of water and the waste was set at 2:1. There were 2 processes conducted, namely the preparation stage (batch process) and operational stage (semi-continuous process). The first stage means preparation for microbial activity in anaerobic conditions, while the latter stage means a biogas production process. Digester with homemade bio-activator displayed the best performance compared to other variations. The digester produced cumulative volume biogas of 335.7 L with methane gas production of 1.29 L/kg total solid or 1.52 L/kg of volatile solid.
Efforts to save the deli river environment with environmental education for students (study case: schools around the Deli River in Medan City Indonesia)
Authors: Rachman I , Dewi F T , Simanjuntak E , Muklis  , Akmal H , Rambe R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is facing severe environmental problems, one of which is the problem of river water pollution caused by garbage and domestic waste. The Deli River in Medan is an example of river water pollution by organic and inorganic waste, which is a serious problem. Along with the flow of the Deli River from upstream to downstream, there are many points for illegal dumping along the river. To change the community’s mindset to become an environmentally aware society is through environmental education. Environmental education, which is carried out in schools close to the Deli River is a big effort to save the existence of the Deli River. Domestic waste and domestic waste management education are carried out in schools, involving students and teachers. Creating recycling training for students and caring for reforestation in schools by using compost from organic waste in schools is an activity to educate students to become environmentally friendly human beings, using waste as value for the use and saving the environment. Schools that carry out environmental education activities have students who have a good awareness of managing the school environment. This education could form young people who are environmentally friendly.
Optimizing laterite cement blocks in the construction of masonry using quarry dust
Authors: Tiboti P , Niyomukiza J B , Kiwanuka M , Mbujje J W , Baiga J , Hadudu A F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Laterite soils mixed with Portland cement are used worldwide in making blocks. However, due to the environmental effects associated with the high usage of cement, quarry dust proved to be a good substitute for partial replacement of Portland cement. This study investigates the optimisation of laterite-cement blocks as walling materials using quarry dust. Physical properties of experimental soil were determined, and other tests such as compressive strength, density, water absorption were conducted on sample blocks under curing periods of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The blocks comprised of different percentages of laterite soil (76%, 81%, 85% and 87%), quarry dust (9% and 10% by weight of the soil) and ordinary Portland cement (3%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of the soil. The results showed that cement content of 10% and 9% quarry dust was suitable for the block at any curing period above 7 days. The compressive strength increased with an increase in the curing period no matter the percentage of the materials used in the study. The study recommends the usage of quarry dust in cement laterite blocks. However, further investigation on other vital parameters like abrasion resistance test could be conducted.
Evaluation of cofiring application in power plant’s coal combustion
Authors: Septiani R , Huboyo H S , Sumiyati S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a power plant that uses coal as an energy source to generate electricity. Burning coal to produce energy will produce residues in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), as well as bottom ash and fly ash which is harmful to health and the environment. To reduce pollutant emissions, RS-PLTU has implemented a co-firing system using sawdust. After 8 months of testing, it was seen that there was a decrease in exhaust emissions which could be monitored from CEMS. The total use of sawdust was 10,313.9 tons, which was only 0.54% of the initial consumption target. While the total KWh green produced is 11,108 MWh. The sawdust used comes from the waste from the local wood industry to build the local people’s economy.
Evaluation of Carrying Capacity on Resource and Environment Based on Improved TOPSIS Method
Authors: Wang Donglin , Kong Xiangming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An improved TOPSIS method has been developed for the evaluation of carrying capacity on resource and environment in Tongliao City. In this approach, the entropy method is introduced into a TOPSIS framework. The weights of indexes are determined by the entropy method, then the results of evaluation are determined by the TOPSIS method. The improved TOPSIS method has been applied to a problem of evaluation in Tongliao City. 12 indexes are selected to reflect the carrying capacity on resource and environment in Tongliao City. The results show that the water consumption per GDP and the recycling dosage of wastewater are the highest and the lowest important indexes, respectively. The values of carrying capacity evaluation decrease from 2015 to 2019, indicating the fragile of resource and environment in Tongliao City. It could be used as a reference by decision makers for improving the measures for resource utilizilation, environment protection and sustainable development in Tongliao City.