bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Problems of Preoperative Assessment for Elderly Cancer Surgery Patients in Japan: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Yamamoto Makoto , Arima Hisatomi , Tamura Kazuo , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Elderly cancer patients requiring surgical treatment are increasing, and the deterioration of quality of life and shortening of healthy life expectancy due to postoperative complications represent major problems. This study investigated the current status of medical treatment, including perioperative evaluations, for elderly cancer patients requiring surgical treatment at cancer treatment facilities nationwide. A total of 436 cancer care facilities around Japan were invited to participate in this web-based survey regarding management of cancer patients ≥65 years old who had undergone surgical treatment in 2018. A total of 919 department heads from 245 facilities agreed to participate. Although most respondents answered that performance status, preoperative examinations, and comorbidities were important when deciding on a treatment plan, age, Geriatric Assessment (GA), and guidelines were "not important" for >10% of all respondents. GA was familiar to 195 department heads (21%), and awareness of GA was significantly lower among respondents from medical education institutions than the other types of hospitals (18.5% vs 26.3%; P = 0.006). This large survey revealed that the use of GA is not widespread, and its awareness in medical education institutions remains low. We believe that accumulating evidence of geriatric oncology surgery is an urgent issue in Japan.
Both Intraoperative Medial and Lateral Soft Tissue Balances Influence Intraoperative Rotational Knee Kinematics in Bi-Cruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Investigation.
Authors: Takagi Kentaro , Inui Hiroshi , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Sameshima Shin , Kage Tomofumi , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTibial internal rotation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important in achieving favorable postoperative clinical outcomes. Studies have reported the effect of intraoperative soft tissue balance on tibial internal rotation in conventional TKA, however, its effect on bi-cruciate stabilized (BCS) TKA has not reported enough. Furthermore, although studies have shown that both medial and lateral soft tissue balances are important for a good tibial internal rotation, no studies have evaluated the effects of soft tissue balance at medial or lateral compartments separately on tibial internal rotation in BCS TKA. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between medial or lateral component gaps and rotational knee kinematics in BCS TKA.MethodsOne hundred fifty-eight knees that underwent BCS TKA were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to the medial or lateral joint laxities, which was defined as the value of component gap minus the selected thickness of the tibial component at 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion, respectively: Group M-stable (medial joint laxity, ≤2 mm) or Group M-loose (medial joint laxity, ≥3 mm) and Group L-stable (lateral joint laxity, ≤3 mm) or Group L-loose (lateral joint laxity, ≥4 mm). The intraoperative rotational knee kinematics was compared between Group M-stable and Group M-loose or between Group L-stable and Group L-loose at each angle, respectively.ResultsThe rotational angular difference between 30° flexion and maximum flexion was significantly larger in Group M-stable at 30° flexion than that in Group M-loose at 30° flexion. The rotational angular difference between 60° flexion and maximum flexion was significantly larger in Group L-loose at 60° flexion than that in Group L-stable at 60° flexion. The rotational angular difference between 60° flexion and maximum flexion was significantly larger in Group L-loose at 90° flexion than that in Group L-stable at 90° flexion.ConclusionSurgeons should pay attention to the importance of medial joint stability at midflexion and lateral joint laxities at midflexion and 90° flexion on a good tibial internal rotation from midflexion to deep flexion in BCS TKA.
The Emergence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing and Hybrid Pathotypes of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Diarrheic Human Cases: A New Public Health Concern in Iran
Authors: Asadi Zahra , Ghanbarpour Reza , Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood , Alizade Hesam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Intra-intestinal pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are responsible for mild to severe gastrointestinal lesions, which are mediated by various virulence factors. In this study, we have focused on a comprehensive set of E. coli pathotypes, including STEC, EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, and some hybrid pathotypes including, STEC/ ETEC, EHEC/ ETEC, and EPEC/ ETEC.Methods: Totally, 467 stool samples were obtained from gastrointestinal patients during four years (2016 to 2020). Four pathotypes of E. coli (EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, STEC) were screened due to six virulence genes, including eae, stx1, stx2, st, and lt using the conventional PCR method. Finally, detected E. coli pathotypes were subjected to determine phenotypic and genotypic β-lactam resistance properties.Result: In this study 59/467 (12.63%) strains belonged four pathotypes including STEC (20/59; 50.8%), EPEC (11/59; 18.6%), ETEC (8/59 13.5%), EHEC (5/59; 8.4%) and three novel hybrid pathotypes including STEC/ETEC (3/59; 5%), EHEC/ETEC (1/59; 1.6%), and EPEC/ETEC (1/59; 1.6%). Totally 23/59 (38.9%) isolates were identified as ESBL-producing. Conclusion: Transmission of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes among E. coli strains lead to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant hybrid pathogenic strains, which is an important health concern. According to food-born and fecal-oral transmission of these E. coli strains, standard methods should be performed to eliminate the possible contamination of food, equipment, and living environment to manure and feces.
SARS-CoV-2 escape from cytotoxic T cells during long-term COVID-19
Authors: Stanevich Oksana , Alekseeva Evgeniia , Sergeeva Maria , Fadeev Artem , Komissarova Kseniya , Ivanova Anna , Simakova Tamara , Vasilyev Kirill , Shurygina Anna-Polina , Stukova Marina , Safina Ksenia , Nabieva Elena , Garushyants Sofya , Klink Galya , Bakin Evgeny , Zabutova Jullia , Kholodnaia Anastasia , Lukina Olga , Skorokhod Irina , Ryabchikova Viktoria , Medvedeva Nadezhda , Lioznov Dmitry , Danilenko Daria , Chudakov Dmitriy , Komissarov Andrey , Bazykin Georgii 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised hosts may result in novel variants with changed properties, but the mode of selection underlying this process remains unclear. While escape from humoral immunity certainly plays a role in intra-host evolution, escape from cellular immunity is poorly understood. Here, we report a case of long-term COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who received treatment with rituximab and lacked neutralizing antibodies. Over the 318 days of the disease, the SARS-CoV-2 genome gained a total of 40 changes, 34 of which were present by the end of the study period. Among the acquired mutations, 12 reduced or prevented binding of known immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 HLA class I antigens, suggesting that virus immunoediting is largely driven by cytotoxic CD8 T cell clones. The two changes with the strongest effect, nsp3:T504A and nsp3:T504P, were experimentally assessed in a cytotoxic assay of the patient's CD8 T cells. Both these changes were associated with immune escape, with a stronger effect observed for nsp3:T504P, the change which ultimately got fixed. Together, these results suggest that CD8 T cell escape may be an underappreciated contributor to SARS-CoV-2 evolution in humans.
Age Increased Cancer-specific Mortality Risk of Thyroid Cancer With Lung Metastasis
Authors: Huang Xiu , Xia Qing , Qu Shen , Peng Aimei , Yang Jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationship between age and cancer-specific mortality in thyroid cancer (TC) with lung-metastasis.Methods: 1,418 patients with initial distant metastases from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results databases were investigated. Patients with median follow-up time of 8 months [interquartile range (IQR), 2–27] and median age of 66 years (IQR, 55-76) were divided into five groups by age and the association between age and TC-specific mortality was analyzed.Results: The TC-specific mortality rates were 32.78% (118/360), 46.71% (156/334), 53.93% (199/369), 58.96% (158/268) and 82.76% (72/87) for patients with age of ≤55 years,56-65 years, 66-75 years, 76-85 years and >85 years. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that TC-specific mortality rate was associated with increased age (p < 0.001). Compared with patients ≤55 years, patients of 56-65 years, 66-75 years, 76-85 years and >85 years had significantly higher hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.69(1.26-2.26), 1.97 (1.47-2.64), 2.18(1.59-2.99) and 3.24(2.08-5.06) after adjustments for gender, tumor size and radiation therapy (all p < 0.001).In TC with initial lung-metastasis, compared with patients ≤55 years, patients of 56-65 years, 66-75 years, 76-85 years and >85 years had significantly higher adjusted HRs of 1.68(1.20-2.36, p=0.003), 2.18(1.57-3.02), 2.16(1.51-3.08) and 2.91(1.79-4.75) (p < 0.001). Similar results could be obtained in papillary thyroid cancer.Conclusions: The TC-specific mortality increased with age in TC patients with initial lung-metastasis, which suggested that further risk stratification based on age was necessary for TC over 55 years with lung-metastasis. Individual treatment strategy maybe recommended for patients over 85 years.
Lidocaine suppressed the movement of A549 cells by the CXCR4 signal
Authors: Cui Yanan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that wildly used in surgical treatment and postoperative medical care for lung cancers. We hypothesized that lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration can inhibit CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-regulated cytoskeletal remodeling thereby reduce the migration of Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) cells.
Methods

We determined the effect of lidocaine at clinical plasma concentration on CXCL12-induced cell viability, apoptosis, cell death, monolayer cell wound healing rate, individual cell migration indicators, expression of CXCR4, CD44, and ICAM-1, intracellular Ca2+ level, and filamentous actin level alteration of NSCLC cells A549 and CXCR4-knocked down A549 cells using CCK-8, Bcl-2 ELISA, Cell death ELISA, wound healing assay, chemotaxis assay, western blotting, QPCR, Fura-2-based intracellular Ca2+ assay, and Fluorescein Phalloidin staining respectively.
Results

Lidocaine did not affect cell viability, apoptosis, and cell death but inhibited CXCL12-induced migration, intracellular Ca2+ releasing, and filamentous actin increase. Lidocaine decreased expression of CXCR4, increased CD44, but had no effect on ICAM-1. CXCL12 induced the increase of CD44 and ICAM-1 but did not affect CD44 in the presence of lidocaine. The knockdown of CXCR4 eliminated all the effects of lidocaine. The overexpression of CXCR4 promoted migration but the migration was inhibited by lidocaine.
Conclusion

Lidocaine at clinical plasma concentrations inhibited CXCL12-induced CXCR4 activation, thereby reduced the intracellular Ca2+-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling, resulting in slower migration of A549 cells.
Quantitation of Macropinocytosis in Glioblastoma Based on High-Content Analysis
Authors: Wang Bo , Yao Xuan , Dong Qiang , Wang Xiao-fang , Yin Hang , Li Qiao , Wang Xiao-qing , Liu Yang , Pan Ya-Wen , Yuan Guo-qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Macropinocytosis serves as an internalization pathway for extracellular fluid, albumin and dissolved molecules. Assessing macropinocytosis has been challenging in the past because manual acquisition in combination with visual evaluation of images is laborious, making it difficult for high-throughput applications. So, there is a need to develop sensitive and specific methods. Methods: This paper proposed a quantitative and time-saving method for macropinocytosis detection based on high-content analysis (HCA). Meanwhile, cell proliferation was tested by means of CCK8. Results: The term “macropinosome index” was defined to estimate macropinocytosis and allow comparison between different cell lines and treatments. Furthermore, we demonstrated that macropinocytosis can promote Glioblastoma (GBM) cells survival in glutamine deficient conditions which resemble tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: HCA represents a novel, non-subjective and high-throughput assay for macropinocytosis assessment. Besides, Gln deprivation increased the macropinosome index in GBM cells, which points to the possible exploitation of this process in the design of GBM therapies.
nPTD Classification: An Updated Classification of Gastric Cancer Location for Function Preserving Gastrectomy Based on Physiological Lymphatic Flow
Authors: Kinami Shinichi , Nakamura Naohiko , Miyashita Tomoharu , Kitakata Hidekazu , Fushida Sachio , Fujimura Takashi , Itoh Tohru , Takamura Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The correlation between tumor location and lymphatic flow distribution in gastric cancer has been previously reported, and PTD (Proximal – Transitional – Distal) classification, proposed. We updated and developed the nPTD classification.Method: We retrospectively studied gastric cancer patients who underwent the dye method sentinel node biopsy from 1993 to 2020. The inclusion criteria were a single lesion type 0 cancer of ≤5 cm in the long axis, clinically node-negative, and invasion within the proper muscle layer pathologically. In this study, the distribution of dyed lymphatic flow was evaluated for each occupied area of the tumor.Results: We selected 416. The tumors located watershed of the right and left gastroepiploic artery near greater curvature had extensive lymphatic flow; therefore, a newly circular region with a diameter of 5 cm is set on the watershed on greater curvature between P and T zone as the ‘n’ zone. In addition, for cancers located in the lesser P curvature, lymphatic flow to the greater curvature was not observed. Therefore, the P zone is divided into two: the lesser curvature side (PL) and the greater curvature side (PG).Conclusions: The advantage of the nPTD classification is that it provides not only proper nodal dissection, but also adequate function-preserving gastrectomy. If the tumor is localized within the PL, the proximal gastrectomy resection area can be further reduced. In contrast, for cancers located in the ‘n’ zone, near-total gastrectomy is required because of the extensive lymphatic flow.
18F-FDG PET/CT findings in post COVID Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A)
Authors: MARAMATTOM BOBY VARKEY , Philips Geetha , Santhamma Shagos Gopalan Nair 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We describe 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG-PET-CT) findings in a patient that inadvertently betrayed features of MIS-A. The findings were suggestive of an exaggerated Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)- a prequel to MIS-A. MIS-A has been recently described in 2020 as a post-infectious or para-infectious sequela of COVID-19. Within 12 weeks of symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 illness (diagnosed by serum SARS CoV2 antibodies), patients present with an illness requiring hospitalization that can rapidly progress to myocardial dysfunction and cardiogenic shock. (1) As with any illness, there is a period of ‘quiet before the storm’. Identification of patients early in the course of the illness and prompt treatment can improve clinical outcomes in MIS-A.
Anhydrous Topical Ointment for Management of Infected Wounds
Authors: Sanguramath Rajashekharayya A. , Laadan Boaz , Franco Ariel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Optimal prevention of microbial infection at the wound site is a priority clinical consideration required to facilitate normal healing process. Topical antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment and prevention of local wound infections. Herein, an anhydrous, hydrophilic, non-greasy, and non-occlusive antimicrobial ointment was formulated by incorporating two main active ingredients, CuO(1−x)ZnOx and (±)-α-bisabolol. CuO(1−x)ZnOx nanocomposite was added to provide a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity through the release of reactive oxygen species. (±)-α-Bisbolol was added to expedite the wound healing process. Prepared ointment showed very high killing efficacy against a spectrum of bacteria ( ̴6Log reduction) and a pathogenic yeast ( ̴5Log reduction) within 2h of exposure. Results described here would be of great benefit to professionals as wells as for personal use in treating infected wounds.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Malaysia (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Niet Taco , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Malaysia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Vietnam (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Vietnam, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Development of a computer-based simple pendulum experiment set for teaching and learning physics
Authors: Sukmak Warawut , Musik Panjit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The development of a cost-effective experiment set is essential for teaching and learning physics in educational institutes. We aim to develop a computer-based simple pendulum experiment set consisting of a simple pendulum, infrared phototransistor, and Arduino board for calculating the gravitational acceleration (g). We used 13 pendulum lengths with five angles for each length to measure the period of motion. We found linear relationships between lengths and period-squared. The g-value was 9.806 ± 0.025 (average ± standard error) m/s2. Since this experiment set is cost-effective, and more straightforward method to understand, it will benefit the physics learning in educational institutions.
Gold Nanorods are Selective Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: El Gendy Mohamed , Weinfeld Michael , Abdoon Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Gold nanorods (GNRs) are very promising agents with multiple applications in medicine and
biology. However, the cytotoxic effects of GNRs have not been fully explored.

Objective:
Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the selective cytotoxic effect of GNRs towards
several human tumor cell lines.

Methods:
To address this issue, three sizes of GNRs (10-nm, 25-nm, and 50-nm) were tested against two human tumor
cell lines, namely, human hepatoma HepG2 and human prostate PC3 cancer cells. As GNRs are usually stored in soft
tissues inside living bodies, we also tested the effect of GNRs on murine splenocyte viability. To determine if the
GNRs displayed selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, active GNRs with the size showing the least cytotoxicity
to splenocytes were then tested against a panel of 11 human tumor cell lines and two human non-tumor cell lines.

Results:
Our results showed that the most cytotoxic size of GNRs is 10-nm, followed by the 25-nm GNRs, while the
50-nm GNRs did not show a significant effect. In addition, the 25-nm GNRs were the least cytotoxic to splenocytes
when tested for 24 and 48 h. These GNRs showed a selective cytotoxic effect to prostate cancer PC3 cells with median
inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 8.3 + 0.37 μM, myeloblastic leukemia HL60 cells (IC50 = 19.7 + 0.89 μM), cervical
cancer HeLa cells (IC50 = 24.6 + 0.37 μM), renal adenocarcinoma 786.0 cells (IC50 = 27.34 + 0.6 μM), and hepatoma
HepG2 cells (IC50 = 27.79 + 0.03 μM) when compared to the effect on the non-tumor human cells; skin fibroblast BJ
cell line (IC50 = 40.13 + 0.7 μM) or epithelial breast MCF10A cells (IC50 = 33.2 + 0.89 μM). High selectivity indices
(SIs) were observed in GNRs-treated PC3 and HL60 cells with values ranging from 1.69 to 4.83, whereas moderate SIs
were observed in GNRs-treated HeLa, 786.0, and HepG2 cells with values ranging from 1.19 to 1.63. Other cells did
not show a similar selective effect, including human laryngeal HEp2 cells, colon HCT116, metastatic renal adenocarcinoma
ACHN cells, and human breast cancer cells (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cells). The effect of
GNRs was confirmed using the colony formation assay and the effect was found to be cell cycle-specific. Finally, it
was shown that laser treatment could potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the 25-nm GNRs.

Conclusion:
GNRs are selective cytotoxic agents and they have the potential to act as candidate anticancer agents.