bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ perceptions of surgery for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Spinelli Antonino , Carvello Michele , Adamina Michel , Panis Yves , Warusavitarne Janindra , Tulchinsky Hagit , Bemelman Willem A , Kotze Paulo Gustavo , D’Hoore Andre , Lastikova Lucie , Danese Silvio , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Avedano Luisa , Pagnini Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimSurgery is indicated in selected patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, due to a negative perception, surgery may be delayed, leading to possible unfavourable outcomes. The aim of this work was to investigate patients’ perceptions of surgery and the impact on reported outcomes.MethodAn international multilingual online survey was used to query IBD patients’ experiences of surgery, information sources, expectations and concerns, quality of life (QoL) and feelings.ResultsThe survey was completed by 425 of 510 participants. Crohn's disease was more frequent (61%) than ulcerative colitis (36%). Most patients primarily learned about surgery from their gastroenterologist and were informed of the risks and benefits by the surgeon. In almost one‐third of patients indication for surgery was not a shared decision between gastroenterologist and surgeon. Seventy per cent of patients naïve to surgery were not aware of any surgical options. The majority of patients (80%) perceived surgery as the last option after many medical treatments rather than an alternative therapeutic option (20%). Sixteen per cent of patients obtained their primary information from the Internet, while 82.4% used the Internet to obtain additional information. Fear of surgical complications was cited by 73% of patients, while relief from symptoms was indicated by 31%. Most patients coped with their stoma better than expected or as they expected. Negative feelings decreased after surgery, while a lasting improvement in positive feelings and QoL was reported.ConclusionDespite the negative perception of surgery and the delayed involvement of surgeons as a source of information and in the decision‐making process, the majority of respondents experienced positive outcomes from surgery, including improvement QoL and acceptance of the stoma.
A retrospective evaluation of catheter ablation in atrial flutter post cardiac transplantation
Authors: Taylor Mark E. , McDiarmid Adam K. , Matthews Iain G. , Kakarla Jayant , McComb Janet M. , Parry Gareth , Lord Stephen W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrial flutter is the most common arrhythmia post cardiac transplantation. Observational studies in the non‐transplant population have shown prognostic benefit with catheter ablation; however, there are no data in the heart transplant population.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the experience of catheter ablation in atrial flutter post cardiac transplantation.MethodsA retrospective review of experience of late onset atrial flutter at the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK, between 1985 and January 2020.ResultsSixty eight of the 722 patients who survived 6 months post cardiac transplantation developed late atrial flutter giving an incidence of 9.4%. Thirty‐two patients were managed with ablation with treatment largely determined by time of flutter onset. Kaplan Meier estimates for arrhythmia free survival post first ablation for organized atrial arrhythmias was 83.3% at 1 year. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for median survival post onset of atrial arrhythmias treated with ablation was 11.34 years (95% CI 8.00–14.57), compared to 5.79 years in patients managed medically (95%CI 2.26–9.32) (P = .026).ConclusionsAtrial flutter is an important late complication of cardiac transplantation. Patients treated with ablation in the modern era had increased survival compared to a historical cohort.
Cytological features of BCOR‐CCNB3 sarcoma: Comparison with Ewing sarcoma and synovial sarcoma
Authors: Watabe Shiori , Kikuchi Yoshinao , Mukaiyama Junji , Kato Tomomi , Sato Kenji , Imanishi Jungo , Torigoe Tomoaki , Yazawa Yasuo , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Motoi Toru , Yasuda Masanori , Uozaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionBCOR‐CCNB3 sarcoma (BCS) is one of the histological types classified as an undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of bone and soft tissue. This sarcoma frequently develops in males under 20 years of age. Histologically, a delicate capillary network has been reported as a conspicuous finding. In this study, the cytological findings of BCS were observed in two cases of primary lesions and one case of a lung metastatic lesion. The cytological findings of BCS were compared with its histological mimics, and the characteristic findings of BCS were examined.MethodsThree cases of BCS were studied, and a cytological comparison was performed with 8 cases of Ewing sarcoma (ES) and 10 cases of synovial sarcoma (SS; monophasic type: 7 cases, biphasic type: 2 cases, poorly differentiated: 1 case).ResultsIn all BCS cases, small clusters with thin and delicate vascular cores and tiny vascular fragments were conspicuous. In ES and SS cases, although small clusters with vascular cores were observed, the vascular cores were thicker than in BCS, and no tiny vascular fragments appeared in most cases. Cytomorphological differences of tumour cells were also observed among BCS, ES, and SS. Predominantly rounded nuclei with fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli can be cytological clues for BCS.ConclusionsBCS shows characteristic cytological findings that make the diagnosis of BCS more likely than that of ES and SS. Cytological evaluation is a useful tool for appropriate differential diagnosis that leads to a more accurate final diagnosis and rapid treatment.
Improvising an E‐state: The Struggle for Cash Transfer Digitalization in Mozambique
Authors: Castel‐Branco Ruth 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTOver the last decades, there has been a proliferation of cash transfer programmes across the global South. Digital technologies have given this seeming countermovement a boost by promising to instantaneously transfer cash from the coffers of development agencies and national governments to the pockets of the poor, sidestepping the neo‐patrimonial state. With the COVID‐19 crisis, tech billionaires have teamed up with development institutions to fast‐track ‘digital payment ecosystems’ under the guise of financial inclusion and fiscal savings. Much has been written about how such initiatives accelerate the financialization of social welfare and collateralization of the poor by trapping cash transfer recipients in relations of credit and debt. Less has been written about grassroots strategies to claw back power from digital control. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Mozambique, this article explores three sites of contention at the interface of digital technologies and cash transfer administration: the development of an information management system, the application of a proxy means test and the outsourcing of cash transfer payments to private providers. While not always successful, the article concludes, counter‐hegemonic repertoires of action are critical to shaping the terms of cash transfer administration amidst a global ‘war of position’ in policy making.
Licogliflozin versus placebo in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double‐blind, phase 2 trial
Authors: Tan Susanne , Ignatenko Stanislav , Wagner Frank , Dokras Anuja , Seufert Jochen , Zwanziger Denise , Dunschen Karin , Zakaria Marjorie , Huseinovic Neda , Basson Craig T. , Mahling Ping , Fuhrer Dagmar , Hinder Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. The dual sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 1/2 inhibitor (SGLT1/2i) licogliflozin (LIK066) ameliorates hyperinsulinism in patients with diabetes and obesity. This study examines the effect of licogliflozin on androgens in women with PCOS. In a multicentre, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, 2‐week trial, patients with PCOS received licogliflozin 50 mg or placebo three times a day (TID). Changes in free testosterone (FT), other androgens and variables of insulin resistance were analysed. Concentration of FT did not change (TRLIK066:TRPCB [FT]: 0.88; 90% CI: 0.70‐1.11; P = .353). Licogliflozin reduced androstendione (A4) by 19% (TRLIK066:TRPCB [A4]: 0.81; 90% CI: 0.68‐0.99; P = .089) and dehydroepiandrosteron sulphate (DHEAS) by 24% (TRLIK066:TRPCB [DHEAS]: 0.76; 90% CI: 0.65‐0.89; P = .008). Hyperinsulinaemia was reduced by 70% by licogliflozin (highest insulin concentration [MAXI]; TRLIK066:TRPCB [MAXI]: 0·26; 90% CI:0.20‐0.34; P < .001 and area under the curve insulin [AUCI]; TRLIK066:TRPCB [AUCI]: 0.32; 90% CI: 0.25‐0.41; P < .001). Diarrhoea and nausea occurred as common adverse events. Dual inhibition of SGLT1/2 ameliorates hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia in women with PCOS. Licogliflozin may represent a promising novel treatment option for PCOS.
Integrating the monoamine and cytokine hypotheses of depression: Is histamine the missing link?
Authors: Hersey Melinda , Hashemi Parastoo , Reagan Lawrence P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPsychiatric diseases, like depression, largely affect the central nervous system (CNS). While the underlying neuropathology of depressive illness remains to be elucidated, several hypotheses have been proposed as molecular underpinnings for major depressive disorder, including the monoamine hypothesis and the cytokine hypothesis. The monoamine hypothesis has been largely supported by the pharmaceuticals that target monoamine neurotransmitters as a treatment for depression. However, these antidepressants have come under scrutiny due to their limited clinical efficacy, side effects, and delayed onset of action. The more recent, cytokine hypothesis of depression is supported by the ability of immune‐active agents to induce “sickness behaviour” akin to that seen with depression. However, treatments that more selectively target inflammation have yielded inconsistent antidepressive results. As such, neither of these hypotheses can fully explain depressive illness pathology, implying that the underlying neuropathological mechanisms may encompass aspects of both theories. The goal of the current review is to integrate these two well‐studied hypotheses and to propose a role for histamine as a potential unifying factor that links monoamines to cytokines. Additionally, we will focus on stress‐induced depression, to provide an updated perspective of depressive illness research and thereby identify new potential targets for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Functional root trait‐based classification of cover crops to improve soil physical properties
Authors: Hudek Csilla , Putinica Cristinel , Otten Wilfred , De Baets Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCover crop use is a well‐established soil conservation technique and has been proven effective for erosion control and soil remediation in many arable systems. Whereas the obvious protection mechanism of cover crops occurs through the canopy, plant roots perform multiple functions. It is important to consider the soil functions delivered by different root systems in order to increase the uptake of cover crops for sustainable soil and water management. A classification of cover crop root systems up to 0.6 m deep based on functional traits will allow us to better study their potential role in soil bio‐engineering, soil structural improvements for hydrological services and soil resource protection. This was a glasshouse experiment, using large 1‐m3 containers filled with loam soil, loose topsoil and compacted subsoil, in which seven cover crop species (oat, rye, buckwheat, vetch, radish, mustard, phacelia) were grown for 90 days. Root cores were taken at the end of the experiment, washed and imaged to determine root traits (total root length density, average root diameter, root specific length and root surface area) for both the topsoil and subsoil layers. Root identity was determined from a distinctive combination of single root traits and related to three soil functional variables, representing soil structural improvement, runoff mitigation and erosion control. The results showed that total root length and root surface area correlate well with aggregate stability and soil macroporosity. Buckwheat, mustard and rye had significantly greater aggregate stability, as well as 10, 8 and 7% greater microporosity, respectively, at the interface with the compacted layer when compared to the control bare soil. Furthermore, average root diameter negatively correlated with soil macroporosity, indicating that cover crops with a fine root system are more beneficial for creating pore‐space than those with thicker taproots. Selecting cover crop species with the right root traits is therefore crucial to improve soil health.Highlights
Roots of cover crops are a largely unexplored frontier for bio‐engineering of agricultural soils.
Combinations of root traits were identified that most improve soil characteristics.
Cover crops with finer root systems were better at enhancing porosity.
Root length and surface area were most important for enhancing soil structure.
Field observation of hunting behavior by larva and adult of diving beetle Dytiscus marginalis Linnaeus, 1758 preying on Lissotriton boscai (Lataste, 1879)
Authors: Eiroa Julio , Sabucedo Daniel X. , Mucientes Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDytiscids prey on a variety of items including other invertebrates but also larger prey such as frogs and fish. However, there have been no reports concerning predation on caudata adults by larvae of dytiscids. In this paper, we describe a predation event by a larva of diving beetles of the species Dytiscus marginalis Linnaeus, 1758 on an adult Iberian newt Lissotriton boscai (Lataste, 1879). This report represents the first observation of hunting behavior of larvae of diving beetles preying on a living post‐metamorphic newt.
Search for genetic loci involved in the constitution and skin type of a Japanese women using a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Inoue Yu , Hasebe Yuichi , Igarashi Toshio , Kawagishi‐Hotta Mika , Okuno Ryosuke , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe constitution and skin type of individuals are influenced by various factors. Recently, the influence of genetic predispositions on these has been emphasized. To date, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have shown several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect individual's constitution and skin type. However, these studies have mainly focused on the Caucasian population, and only a few association analyses with the constitution and skin type of individuals involving a Japanese population have been conducted. In this study, we conducted a GWAS analysis of 9 phenotypes regarding the constitution or skin type of 1108 Japanese women based on a questionnaire. As a result, in addition to SNPs known to be involved in phenotypes in the past, we discovered new SNPs and genetic regions related to darkness of pigmented spots, skin flushing, frequency of rough skin and responsiveness to cosmetics.
The Roles of Mothers' Perceptions of Grandmothers' Gatekeeping and Fathers' Parenting Competence in Maternal Gatekeeping
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis study investigated how new mothers' perceptions of maternal grandmothers' gatekeeping behaviors and perceptions of fathers' parenting competence are associated with maternal gatekeeping behaviors.BackgroundIn the development of coparenting relationships at the transition to parenthood, the roles of extended family members, although important, have received little research attention. Grandmothers' gatekeeping may serve as a reference for maternal gatekeeping behaviors, but its role depends on mothers' own perceptions of fathers' parenting competence.MethodMothers from 172 dual‐earner, different‐gender couples reported their own mothers' gatekeeping behaviors and their own perceptions of fathers' parenting competence at 3 months postpartum. Maternal gatekeeping behaviors toward fathers were reported by mothers at both 3 and 9 months postpartum.ResultsWhen mothers perceived that maternal grandmothers engaged in higher levels of gatekeeping behaviors, mothers engaged in more gate‐opening behaviors but only when mothers perceived fathers as highly competent. There were no significant associations between mothers' perceptions of grandmothers' gatekeeping and maternal gate‐closing behaviors.ConclusionAdult mothers, who likely have developed their own sets of ideas about parenting, are still susceptible to support and criticism from their own mothers.ImplicationsPractitioners would do well to encourage expectant and new parents to consider the role of extended family in the development of their coparenting relationships and to develop plans for support‐seeking, boundary management, and negotiation of conflicts. To help reduce maternal gate‐closing and enhance maternal gate‐opening behaviors, practitioners could support fathers' development of parenting skills and help mothers develop awareness of fathers' skills.
Planting miscanthus instead of row crops may increase the productivity and economic performance of farmed potholes
Authors: Edmonds Patrick , Franz Kristie J. , Heaton Emily A. , Kaleita Amy L. , Soupir Michelle L. , VanLoocke Andy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change projections indicate that precipitation events in the central United States are expected to become more intense, more frequent in the spring, and less frequent in the summer. Such a precipitation shift could adversely impact crop yields, especially in subfield areas known as farmed potholes, which are highly susceptible to flooding and ponding, and crop death is more likely to occur, particularly early in the growing season. This suggests that planting alternative crops, such as more flood tolerant perennials, in these areas may be a more profitable option. Using observations of crop growth and yield along with ponding depth of a specific field and farmed pothole in the central United States, we developed a spatially explicit version of the agroecosystem model Agro‐IBIS to estimate water depth and crop yield. After evaluating the model, we conducted a case study for a specific farmed pothole with a range of future precipitation scenarios with Agro‐IBIS to simulate the effects of contemporary (2002–2016) and future precipitation on a conventional corn/soybean (Zea maysL. andGlycine maxMerr.) rotation and an alternative perennial miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteusGreef et Deu.) cropping system. The depth and frequency of ponding increased under most future precipitation scenarios. The corn/soybean rotation had greater total loss (i.e., no yield) on average (>30%) for all scenarios in comparison to miscanthus (<10%). Under one future precipitation scenario with increased spring precipitation, both the corn/soybean rotation and miscanthus simulations showed an increase in yield. A simple budget analysis indicated that it is more profitable to plant miscanthus instead of corn or soybeans where yields in farmed potholes are consistently poor. Our findings show that potholes can be individually modeled, and their influence on yield can be quantified for use in future management decisions dictated by change in climate.
Trends of age‐related non‐communicable diseases in people living with HIV and comparison with uninfected controls: A nationwide population‐based study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Noh Juhwan , Kim Woojin , Seong Hye , Kim Jun Hyoung , Lee Woon Ji , Baek YaeJee , Hyun JongHoon , Sohn Yujin , Cho Yunsuk , Kim Moo Hyun , Ahn SangMin , Lee Yongseop , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Yeom Joon‐Sup , Kim Changsoo , Choi Jun Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to compare the trends of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) and death among people living with HIV (PLWH) and uninfected controls in South Korea.MethodsWe identified PLWH from a nationwide database of all Korean citizens enrolled from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2016. A control cohort was randomly selected for PLWH by frequency matching for age and sex in a 20:1 ratio. To compare NCD trends between the groups, adjusted incidence rate ratios for outcomes across ages, calendar years and times after HIV diagnosis were calculated.ResultsWe included 14 134 PLWH and 282 039 controls in this study; 58.5% of PLWH and 36.4% of the controls were diagnosed with at least one NCD. The incidence rates of cancers, chronic kidney disease, depression, osteoporosis, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were higher in PLWH than in the controls, whereas those of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, ischaemic stroke and hypertension were lower in PLWH. Relative risks (RRs) for NCDs in PLWH were higher than controls in younger age groups. Trends in the RRs of NCDs tended to increase with the calendar year for PLWH vs. controls and either stabilized or decreased with time after HIV diagnosis. The RR of death from PLWH has decreased with the calendar year, but showed a tendency to rise again after 2014 and was significant at the early stage of HIV diagnosis.ConclusionsAlthough the RR of each NCD in PLWH showed variable trends compared with that in controls, NCDs in PLWH have been increasingly prevalent.
NAADP‐induced intracellular calcium ion is mediated by the TPCs (two‐pore channels) in hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hu Wen , Zhao Fei , Chen Ling , Ni Jiamin , Jiang Yongliang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a form of obstructive vascular disease. Chronic hypoxic exposure leads to excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. This condition can potentially be aggravated by [Ca2+] i mobilization. In the present study, hypoxia exposure of rat's model was established. Two‐pore segment channels (TPCs) silencing was achieved in rats' models by injecting Lsh‐TPC1 or Lsh‐TPC2. The effects of TPC1/2 silencing on PAH were evaluated by H&E staining detecting pulmonary artery wall thickness and ELISA assay kit detecting NAADP concentrations in lung tissues. TPC1/2 silencing was achieved in PASMCs and PAECs, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU incorporation assays. As the results shown, NAADP‐activated [Ca2+]i shows to be mediated via two‐pore segment channels (TPCs) in PASMCs, with TPC1 being the dominant subtype. NAADP generation and TPC1/2 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the hypoxia‐induced rat PAH model; NAADP was positively correlated with TPC1 and TPC2 expression, respectively. In vivo, Lsh‐TPC1 or Lsh‐TPC2 infection significantly improved the mean pulmonary artery pressure and PAH morphology. In vitro, TPC1 silencing inhibited NAADP‐AM‐induced PASMC proliferation and [Ca2+]i in PASMCs, whereas TPC2 silencing had minor effects during this process; TPC2 silencing attenuated NAADP‐AM‐ induced [Ca2+]i and ECM in endothelial cells, whereas TPC1 silencing barely ensued any physiological changes. In conclusion, TPC1/2 might provide a unifying mechanism within pulmonary arterial hypertension, which can potentially be regarded as a therapeutic target.