bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL mapping for Fusarium wilt resistance based on the whole-genome resequencing and their association with functional genes in Raphanus sativus
Authors: Ma Yinbo , Chhapekar Sushil Satish , Lu Lu , Yu Xiaona , Kim Seungho , Choi Gyung Ja , Lim Yong Pyo , Choi Su Ryun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fusarium wilt is an important disease of radish, leading to severe decrease in yield and quality. In this study, we used 180 F2 populations derived from a cross between radish inbred lines ‘YR4’ and ‘YR18’ to construct linkage group for the detecting quantitative trait locus (QTLs) related to Fusarium oxysporum resistance. Four QTLs related to Fusarium oxysporum resistance were detected on two linkage groups. Of the two major loci for FW resistance, FoRsR7.1FOR59 was delimited to the 2.18-Mb physical interval on chromosome R07, with a high LOD value (5.17–12.84). Additionally, it explained 9.34%-27.97% of the phenotypic variation in three inoculation tests. The other major QTL, FoRsR9.3FOR59, was also detected in all inoculation tests, but it had a relatively low value (3.38–4.52) and explained 6.24%-8.82% of the phenotypic variation. On the basis of the re-sequencing data for the parental lines, we identified 5 R-related genes and 13 unknown genes with sequence variations at the gene and protein levels. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed Rs382940 (TIR-NBS type) and Rs382200 (RLK type) were expressed only in ‘YR4’ from 0 to 6 days after the inoculation. Moreover, Rs382950 (TIR-NBS-LRR type) was more highly expressed in ‘YR4’ from 3 and 6 days after the inoculation. Therefore, these three genes are likely important for the FW resistance of radish. We identified several markers based on the potential candidate genes. These gene set might be useful for breeding system to introduce the Fusarium wilt resistance loci from ‘YR4’ to improve increasing tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum.
Holling Meets Habitat Selection - Functional Response of Large Herbivores Revisited
Authors: Dupke Claudia , Peters Anne , Morellet Nicolas , Heurich Marco 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Holling (1959) was the first to describe a functional response between a predator’s consumption-rate and the density of its prey. The same concept may be applied to the habitat selection of herbivores, by considering the change in relative habitat use with the change in habitat availability. Functional responses in habitat selection at a home-range scale has been reported for several large herbivores. However, a link to Holling’s original functional response types has never been drawn despite its potential to understand availability dependence in habitat selection more profoundly. Methods: Discrete choice models were implemented as mixed-effects baseline-category logit models to analyze the variation in habitat selection of a large herbivore over seasonal and diurnal scales. Specifically, changes in habitat use with respect to habitat availability were investigated by monitoring 11 habitat types commonly used by roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. Functional response curves were then fitted using Holling’s formulas. Results: Strong evidence of non-linear functional responses was obtained for almost all of the examined habitat types. The shape of the functional response curves varied depending on the season, time of day and in some cases between sexes. These responses could be referenced to Holling’s types, with a predominance of type II.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Holling’s types could be applied to describe general patterns in habitat selection behaviour of herbivores. Functional response in habitat selection may occur in situations of trade-off in the selection of habitats offering different resources, due to temporally varying physiological needs of herbivores. Moreover, the two associated parameters defining the curves helps to identify the temporal variations and clarify how strongly the cost-to-benefit ratio is pronounced for a specific habitat. The presented novel approach of using Holling’s equations to describe functional response in habitat selection of herbivores could be used for assigning general habitat attraction values, independent of habitat availability, which might facilitate the identification of suitable habitats.
Physical activity in the classroom: Using RE-AIM to evaluate a national school reform – a mixed methods study
Authors: Koch Sofie , Pawlowski Charlotte Skau , Skovgaard Thomas , Pedersen Natascha Holbæk , Troelsen Jens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

In 2014, the Danish Government introduced a wide-ranging school reform that applied to all public schools in Denmark. A distinctive feature of the reform was that it became mandatory to implement an average of 45 minutes of daily physical activity within the curriculum. Using the RE-AIM framework as an evaluation tool, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of mandatory physical activity within curriculum at ten Danish schools.
Methods

A complementary mixed methods approach using accelerometers, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews was conducted. A total of 11 representative school were invited to participate, including 993 students, 131 teachers, and 11 school managers. Students were invited to wear an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Teachers were invited to participate in a questionnaire and school managers were encouraged to take part in a semi-structured interview.
Results

A total of 10 schools were included in the analysis, including 846 students, 76 teachers, and 10 school managers. Results showed that, on average, 45.2% of the students were active at least 45 minutes daily within curriculum. Teacher and school management interest in physical activity, competencies development, and shared decision-making were identified as central factors for adoption of the requirement. Scheduling physical activity within timetables and collaborations with external parties were found to influence the implementation dimension. Finally, internal coordination, motivated school staff, and school management priority were identified as centrals factors for maintenance.
Conclusions

This study provides an evaluation on a national physical activity requirement in Danish public schools. When introcuding a wide-ranging national requirement on physical activity within curriculum, school managers need to prioritize and support the implementation process. Teachers need to be involved in the decision processes, in order to ensure motivation and local ownership. The study also highlight the benefits of an internal coordinator as well as development of a shared strategy among schools, municipalities, and other stakeholders in order to succeed with the implementation.
Association between Periodontal Status and&nbsp;Degree of&nbsp;Maxillary Sinus Mucosal&nbsp;Thickening: a&nbsp;Retrospective&nbsp;CBCT&nbsp;Study
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , He Zhengquan , Tian Huan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It is well known that periodontitis can stimulate thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa, but the association between periodontitis status and the degree of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening (maxMT) has not been reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of periodontal status of maxillary molars on the degree of maxMT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 203 periodontitis cases with maxMT. Parameters related to periodontitis in maxillary molars were measured and recorded on CBCT images. The dimension and length of the maxMT were also recorded. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify periodontal factors influencing the severity of maxMT, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the odds ratio(OR) of these factors. Results: The factors affecting the degree of maxMT were mainly the amount of alveolar bone loss(ABL) and the minimum residual alveolar bone height (miniRABH). Compared to mild ABL, severe and moderate ABL were more likely to display severe maxMT. And the lower the miniRABH , the more severe the maxMT. Conclusions: The severity of periodontal status of maxillary molars can influence the degree of maxMT.
In Vivo Evaluation of a Recombinant N-acylhomoserine Lactonase Formulated in a Hydrogel Using a Murine Model Infected With Mdr Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Clinical Isolate, CCASUP2
Authors: Sakr Masarra M. , Elkhatib Walid F. , Aboshanab Khaled , Mantawy Eman M. , Yassien Mahmoud A. , Hassouna Nadia A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Failure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.
Comparing RNA extraction methods to face the variations in RNA quality using two human biological matrices.
Authors: Ortega-Pinazo Jesús , Serrano-Castro Pedro Jesús , Vida-Botella Margarita , Martínez Beatriz , Pinto-Medel María Jesús , Oliver-Martos Begoña , Leyva Laura , Gómez-Zumaquero Juan Miguel , Lago-Sampedro Ana , Rodríguez-Bada Pablo Jesús , Estivill-Torrús Guillermo , Ferro Pedro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nucleic acids, RNA among them, are widely used in biomedicine. Because of its susceptibility to degradation by RNases, the handling and extraction process of RNA from cells and tissues require specialized personnel and standardized methods to guarantee high purity and integrity. Due to the diversity of techniques found in the market, a comparative study between different RNA extraction methods is useful to facilitate the best choice for the researcher. In this study, we have compared seven different RNA extraction methods (automated, semi-automated, and manual) from two biological matrices: human Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results showed marked differences in the RNA quality, and functionality according to the method employed for RNA extraction and the matrix used. These data contribute to facilitate researchers in decision-making practices and emphasize the relevance of the selection of the RNA extraction method in each experimental procedure to guarantee both quality standards and its reproducibility.
Antiferromagnetic Skyrmion Crystals in the Rashba Hund’s Model on Triangular Lattice
Authors: Mukherjee Arnob , Kathyat Deepak Singh , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the importance of antiferromagnetic skyrmions as building blocks of next-generation data storage and processing devices, we report theoretical and computational analysis of a model for a spin-orbit coupled correlated magnet on a triangular lattice. We find that two distinct antiferromagnetic skyrmion crystal (AF-SkX) states can be stabilized at low temperatures in the presence of external magnetic field. The results are obtained via Monte Carlo simulations on an effective magnetic model derived from the microscopic electronic Hamiltonian consisting of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, as well as the Hund’s rule coupling of electrons to large classical spins. The two AF-SkX phases are understood to originate from a classical spin liquid state that exists at low but finite temperatures. These AF-SkX states can be easily distinguished from each other in experiments as they are characterized by peaks at distinct momenta in the spin structure factor which is directly measured in neutron scattering experiments. We also discuss examples of materials where the model as well as the two AF-SkX states can be realized.
Functional and diffusion MRI reveal the functional and structural basis of infants’ noxious-evoked brain activity
Authors: Baxter Luke , Moultrie Fiona , Fitzgibbon Sean , Aspbury Marianne , Mansfield Roshni , Bastiani Matteo , Rogers Richard , Jbabdi Saad , Duff Eugene , Slater Rebeccah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the neurophysiology underlying neonatal responses to noxious stimulation is central to improving early life pain management. In this neonatal multimodal MRI study, we use resting-state and diffusion MRI to investigate inter-individual variability in noxious-evoked brain activity. We demonstrate that cerebral haemodynamic responses to experimental noxious stimulation can be predicted from separately acquired resting-state brain activity (n=18). Applying this prediction model to independent Developing Human Connectome Project data (n=215), we identify negative associations between predicted noxious-evoked responses and white matter mean diffusivity. These associations are subsequently confirmed in the original noxious stimulation paradigm dataset, validating the prediction model. This study in healthy neonates demonstrates that noxious-evoked brain activity is tightly coupled to both resting-state activity and white matter microstructure, that neural features can be used to predict responses to noxious stimulation, and that the dHCP dataset could be utilised for future exploratory research of early life pain system neurophysiology.
Crystal chemistry of arsenian pyrites: A Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Zhang He , Qian Gujie , Cai Yuanfeng , Gibson Christopher , Pring Allan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA Raman spectroscopic study on the nature of As-S substitution in natural arsenian pyrite [Fe(S,As)2] is presented, covering a compositional range of 0.01–4.6 at% As. Three Raman-active modes were identified in the Raman spectrum of a nearly pure pyrite: Eg (344 cm−1), Ag (379 cm−1), and Tg(3) (432 cm−1). The Raman vibrational modes exhibit one-mode behavior, and the wavenumbers of optical modes vary approximately linearly with As content, correlating with the change in bond constants with increasing substitution of As for S. The linewidth of the Ag mode increases with increasing As substitution, which may be attributed to the increase in lattice strain associated with the substitution of As for S. This study provides experimental evidence for As-induced structural evolution of pyrite from being stable to metastable before decomposing into other phases. Our results, together with those of another Raman study of arsenian pyrite whose As substitution is more complex, indicate that one cannot use Raman band shifts to determine As content, but for a given As content, can characterize the nature of As substitution, i.e., As for S or As for Fe or both.
Effects of magnetized fresh water on seed germination and seeding growth of cotton
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Wei Kai , Wang Quanjiu , Sun Yan , Mu Weiyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetized water treatment technology is usually used to improve poor quality water, and there is still a lack of study on fresh water. To understand the biological effects of different strength magnetized fresh water (MFW), seed germination and potted experiments on cotton were carried out to study the effects of MFW with different magnetic intensity (0, 100, 300, 500 mT). Results showed that the surface tension coefficient of MFW reduced by 7.3–10.5%, whilst dissolved oxygen concentrations increased by 8.8–12.7%. Germination strength indexes of cotton cultivated with MFW significantly increased, showing potential and vigor indexes of 16.8–22.4% and 47.4–78.0%, respectively. The emergence rate of cotton irrigated with MFW was faster and higher, with recorded values of 7.7–13.1%. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (iWUE) of cotton increased significantly, whereas the stomatal limit value (Ls) decreased. In all, results suggest the total biomasses of MFW irrigated cotton have significantly increased. Therefore, it is suggested that MFW may more effectively promote the utilization of water and light in cotton under magnetic field intensities of 300–500 mT. The results can provide guidance for the efficient utilization of magnetized fresh water in arid and semi-arid areas.
Removal of Acid Brown 354 from wastewater by aminized cellulose acetate nanofibers: experimental and theoretical study of the effect of different parameters on adsorption efficiency
Authors: Namjoufar Mehran , Farzi Ali , Karimi Afzal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWastewater effluents usually involve dyes that are dangerous for aquatic life and other environments. Many of these dyes are toxic, carcinogenic, and can cause skin and eye irritation. In this study, firstly aminized cellulose acetate was prepared from cellulose acetate and applied for the adsorption of Acid Brown 354 from aqueous solutions. The effects of different parameters including adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and initial concentration of dye on adsorption capacity were examined. Results showed that removal efficiency of dye declined by increasing values of all parameters. Finally, maximum removal of dye was achieved in the presence of 0.1 g adsorbent, pH of 2, and 10 mg/L of initial dye concentration at a temperature of 25 °C. Also, different adsorption isotherms were investigated including Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models and results demonstrated that the adsorption isotherm of dye followed the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient of 0.988 revealing that the bond between the dye and the adsorbent is strong. Finally, kinetic study indicated that the adsorption of dye is exactly governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics explaining that the adsorption process is chemical and the adsorbent can not be reused.
Adsorptive removal of direct red 80 and methylene blue from aqueous solution by potato peels: a comparison of anionic and cationic dyes
Authors: Ben Jeddou Khawla , Bouaziz Fatma , Ben Taheur Fadia , Nouri-Ellouz Oumèma , Ellouz-Ghorbel Raoudha , Ellouz-Chaabouni Semia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adsorption of direct red 80 (DR 80) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions on potato peels (PP) has been compared. The use of peels in decontamination technology is very promising given the near zero-cost for the synthesis of those adsorbents. The selected potato peels were first analyzed by scanning using electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then the adsorption behavior was studied in a batch system. The adsorption process is affected by various parameters such as the solution pH (2–11), the initial concentration of the dye (20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L−1), the adsorbent dose (0.1–3%), the temperature (303.16 K, 313.16 K, and 323.16 K), agitation (up to 250 rpm), as well as the contact time. Adsorption isotherms of the studied dye on the adsorbent were determined and compared with the Langmiur, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models. The results show that the data was most similar to the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) of MB and DR 80 by the PP at temperatures 303.16 K, 313.16 K and 323.16 K were found to be approximately 97.08 mg g−1; 45.87 mg g−1; 61.35 mg g−1 and 27.778 mg g−1; 45.45 mg g−1; and 32.258 mg g−1. The kinetic data was compared to the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. This revealed that adsorption of methylene blue onto PP abided mostly to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Calculations of various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), and free energy change (ΔG) display the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process.
Autoantibodies Among HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on It
Authors: Steve Runal John , Alex Diviya , Yesudhason Binesh Lal , Prakash John Antony Jude , Mathews Nitty Skariah , Daniel Dolly , Ramalingam Veena Vadhini , Demosthenes John Paul , Ghale Ben Chirag , Anantharam Raghavendran , Rebekah Grace , Rupali Priscilla , Varghese George Mannil , Kannangai Rajesh 
Published: February 2021

Background::
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a decline in autoimmune diseases
but lacks studies on its effect on autoantibodies.

Methods:
It is a cross-sectional study with archived samples from 100 paired HIV-1 infected ART
naïve and experienced individuals and 100 prospectively collected matched blood-donor controls.
Antinuclear antibody, IgG anticardiolipin antibody, IgM and IgG β2 glycoprotein-1 antibodies, and
total IgG levels were detected. Results are expressed as mean with standard deviation (SD), median,
percentage positivity, and a p<0.05 is considered significant. The study was approved by the
Institutional Review Board.

Results:
The median viral load of the treatment naïve samples was 4.34 Log copies/mL, while all
were virally suppressed post ART with a median duration of treatment for 12 months (range: 3-36
months). The percentage of antinuclear antibody positivity was 5% among ART naïve and controls,
with a decrease of 2% post ART (p= 0.441). The positivity for anti-cardiolipin antibody was
15% among ART naïve while none of the ART experienced or controls were positive (p<0.05).
IgM β2 glycoprotein-1 were 4%, 1% and 3% among ART naïve, treated and controls, respectively
(p<0.05). IgG β2 glycoprotein-1 was 2% among ART naïve while none of the treated and controls
were positive (p<0.05). The mean total IgG level among ART naïve, experienced, and controls
were 21.82 (SD 6.67), 16.91 (SD 3.38), 13.70 (SD 2.24) grams/Litre, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
ART has a significant effect on IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody and total IgG but only a
marginal effect on ANA, IgM, and IgG β2 glycoprotein-1 antibodies.
Direct Synthesis of Aromatic Imine Schiff Bases from β-Phenol Hydroxy
Ketone
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Haomin , Feng Feng , Liu Wenyuan , Jiang Xueyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
A facile methodology has been developed to build carbon nitrogen double bond from ketones
promoted by the hydroxyl groups in β-phenol hydroxy ketone. It is noteworthy that the halogenated
β-phenol hydroxy ketone can chemoselectively react with the amine to afford halogenated phenol
imine. It is suitable for certain natural products and also suitable for water-based heteroamines. The
method possesses low toxicity and is widely applicable. This strategy is usually used to obtain moderate
to good yields of aromatic amine Schiff base.