bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Supporting Health Literacy for Older Adults Among Community Care Workers: A Cross-sectional Study in Community-based Integrated Support Centers
Authors: Aihara Yoko , Ishihara Itsuko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Health literacy, as it relates to better decision-making and autonomy of self-care in older adults, is a growing concern. Health and care professionals play key roles in advocating and supporting health literacy of older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess community care workers’ knowledge and practice of supporting health literacy among their clients. Methods: Structured questionnaires were posted to all community-based integrated support centers in two prefectures in Japan; care managers, nurses, and social workers were requested to participate in the study. Knowledge and practice of health literacy was compared based on professional qualifications. A Chi-square test was used for analyzing the differences of knowledge and practice of supporting health literacy by professional qualifications. A logistic regression was used for identifying factors associated with participants’ health literacy.Results: In total, 453 workers (care managers: 34%; nurses: 31%; and social workers: 35%) responded. Only 9% of the respondents knew the term and definition of health literacy; and nurses were more likely to perceive the importance of improving and practicing to support the health literacy of clients, compared to care managers and social workers. Less than 10% of the respondents always use teach-back methods and visual materials, which are useful communication methods for low health literacy, for communication with clients. Conclusions: The study suggests that knowledge and practice of supporting health literacy differ by professional qualifications. Older adults receive health and care information from a variety of staff in community-based support centers. Therefore, the study suggests the improvement of the communication skills of the community health and care workers, in order to support clients with low health literacy.
Development of digestive enzymatic activity and gene expression during the early ontogeny of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: Tang Shulin , Liang Xu-Fang , He Shan , Zhang Yanpeng , Peng Di , Feng Hexiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) is one of the economically important freshwater species fish for aquaculture in China. This study aimed to determine the ontogenetic development of the digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, pepsin, amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin and alkaline phosphatase) and related gene expressions of S. chuatsi larvae from hatching to 30 days post-hatching (dph). The larvae were fed with live fry fish twice a day. Results indicated that it was low detection of enzyme activity and gene expression of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase before mouth opened, the last two enzymes showed an activity close to zero. Different from other carnivorous fish, specific activity and gene expression of trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase in S. chuatsi larvae were not increased after starting the first feeding. Interestingly, the amylase and alkaline phosphatase specific activity progressively increased over development, indicating that the larvae have certain ability to digest carbohydrates. Pepsin activity and gene expression started to sharply increase after 15 dph, other digestive enzyme activity showed downward trends. The development pattern of digestive enzymes may affect the ability of S. chuatsi to digest the zooplankton, which leads to the formation of unique feeding habit of the S. chuatsi larvae. This study also will provide the necessary theoretical basis for the artificial opening diet of the S. chuatsi larvae.
Heritability of familial pancreatic cancer in a Danish national family cohort
Authors: Tan Ming , Brusgaard Klaus , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Mortensen Michael Bau , Detlefsen Sönke , Muckadell Ove B Schaffalitzky de , Joergensen Maiken Thyregod 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Familial Pancreatic Cancer (FPC) is responsible for up to 10% of all cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Individuals predisposed for FPC have an estimated lifetime risk of 18-38% of developing PDAC. While heritability of PDAC has been estimated to be 36% in a Nordic twin study, no estimate on FPC has been reported. Methods: A national cohort of 27 Danish families with disposition for FPC is currently included in a screening program for PDAC at the Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital. Familial disposition for FPC is defined by presence of either: A) at least 2 PDAC cases among first degree relatives (FDR) with at least one of the cases debuting <50 years of age, or B) at least 3 PDAC cases among FDRs. Family members included in the screening program were interviewed and the following data were obtained: cases of PDAC among FDRs ( e.g. , familial relation, age at diagnosis of PDAC), number of affected/unaffected siblings. Data were validated and supplemented with pedigrees for each FPC family obtained from the relevant departments of clinical genetics in Denmark. Heritability for FPC in FDRs of the predisposed families was estimated using a generalized mixed effect model, with calculation of an intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Among 27 Danish families with predisposition for FPC, 83 cases of PDAC were identified. Eighty-one of the PDAC cases were diagnosed as index cases in the respective families. The median age at diagnosis of PDAC was 66 years, and median time from diagnosis to death was 7.6 months. A total of 344 individuals were found as healthy FDRs of the 81 PDAC cases. The retrieved FDRs included a total of 230 individuals in sibship and 315 individuals in parent-offspring relatedness. We estimated an ICC of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.17-0.33), corresponding to a narrow sense heritability estimate of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.35-0.66) in the FPC family cohort. Conclusion: The estimated heritability of 51% prominently underlines the genetic component of FPC. Our findings serve as a solid basis for conducting molecular genetic studies to look for genetic variations contributing to the development of FPC.
Early Prediction Model of Brain Death in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: a Single-centre Retrospective and Internal Validation Analysis
Authors: Itagaki Yuki , Hayakawa Mineji , Maekawa Kunihiko , Kodate Akira , Moriki Koyo , Takahashi Yuki , Sageshima Hisako 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background A shortage of donor organs amid a high demand for transplantable organs is a worldwide problem, and an increase in organ donation would be welcomed by the global healthcare system. Patients with brain death (BD) are potential organ donors, and early prediction of BD patients may facilitate the process of organ procurement. Therefore, we developed a model for early prediction of BD in patients who survived the initial phase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods We retrospectively analysed data of patients aged, who were aged < 80 years, experienced OHCA with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and were admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2018. We categorised the patients into either a non-BD or BD group. Demographic and laboratory data on emergency department admission were used for stepwise logistic regression. Prediction scores of BD after OHCA were based on β-coefficients of prognostic factors identified in the multivariable logistic model. Results Overall, 419 OHCA patients with ROSC were admitted to our hospital during the study period. Seventy-seven patients showed BD (18.3%). Age and OHCA aetiology were significantly different between the groups. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age, low-flow time, pH, and aetiology were independent predictors of BD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.786–0.876). Conclusion We developed and internally validated a new prediction model for BD after OHCA, which could aid in early identification of potential organ donors for early donor organ procurement.
Vital Protocol for Reliability and Accuracy of PolyWareTM Measurements
Authors: Lee Jong min , Baek Seung-Hoon , Lee Yeon Soo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: PolyWareTM software (PW) has been exclusively used in most of the polyethylene wear studies of total hip arthroplasty (THA). But, we found that PolyWareTM (PW) measurements can be significantly inaccurate and unrepeatable depending on imaging conditions or subjective manipulation choices. In this regard, this study reveals the required conditions to achieve the best accuracy and reliability of the PW measurements.Methods: The experiment examined the dependency of PW on several measurement conditions. The X-ray images of in-vitro THA prostheses were acquired under a clinical X-ray scanning condition. A liner wear of 6.67 mm, an acetabular lateral inclination of 36.7° and an anteversion of 9.0° were simulated.Results: Among all the imported X-ray images, those with a resolution of 1076×1076 exhibited the best standard deviation in wear measurements as small as 0.01 mm and the least occurrences of blurriness. The edge detection area specified as non-squared and off the femoral head center exhibited the most occurrence of blurriness. At the X-ray scanning moment, an eccentric placement of the femoral head center by 15 cm superior to the X-ray beam center led to an acetabular anteversion error up to 5.3°.Conclusion: The results request researchers to observe following conditions; 1) the original Xray image be 1076×1076 squared X-ray images, 2) the edge detection area be specified as a square with edge lengths of 5 times the diameter of the femoral head centered at the femoral head center, 3) the femoral head center or acetabular center be placed as close to the center line of the X-ray beam as possible, at the X-ray scanning moment.
WITHDRAWN: Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Pradella Gabriela Döwich , Duarte Claudia Acosta , Escobar Taiane Acunha , Zuravski Luísa , Góss Geórgia Camargo , Skupien Jovito Adiel , Lübeck Irina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis, zoonotic diseases, are in the top ten list of tropical neglected disease globally. The number of contaminated dogs in South America is estimated in millions of animals and correlated to the human’s cases, especially in Brazil. Equines became infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors to leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania sp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. Methods: This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. It was collected epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine and equine, totalizing 113 samples. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis.Results: Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting contaminated, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%.Conclusions: The presence of leishmaniasis in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influence by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremally relevant in the leishmaniosis prevention.
Strength Analysis of Porous YSZ&nbsp;Ceramics With the Same Porosity and Different Pore Structure
Authors: lang ying , dai xin , zhao lin , wei Hong-Kang , wang chang-an 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Porous YSZ ceramics with different pore structure were prepared by volume limiting foaming technology. Accurate porosity could achieve by this technology[1], so all samples were adjusted to density of 1g/m3 (porosity of about 82.6%). For the same density, the influence of porosity change on the strength was excluded. The effects of different pore structure on mechanical properties (compressive strength, strength-deformation curve and Young's modulus) were studied. The results showed that for porous ceramics with uniform pores the larger the pore size was, the smaller the Young's modulus and the lower the strength was. In addition, for samples with mix pores (large pore and small pore), when the volume fraction of macropores is large, the strength is the same as that of porous ceramics with uniform small pore size structure; when the volume fraction of small pores is large, the strength is the same as that of porous ceramics with uniform large pore size structure.
TCTP Promotes Hu Sheep Rumen Epithelial Development before Weaning
Authors: zheng kaizhi , Wu Jianliang , Guo Liangyong , Ying Yuyang , Li Peng , Cao Yang , Huang Xin , meng chunhua , Jiang Yongqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHu Sheep is a world precious breed of sheep. Rumen is the most important digestive organ for ruminant animals. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in rumen development help us design better strategies to improve the production of sheep. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein that involves various cellular processes. However, its role in rumen epithelium development remains unknown.ResultsTCTP was expressed in stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum of rumen epithelium. TCTP mRNA expression was extremely high on the day of birth, it then significantly decreased on day 15 and gradually increased until day 45 of age. TCTP protein expression remained in a relative low level from day 0 to day 15 of age, it then significantly increased on day 30 and gradually decreased until day 60. The ratio of Ki67 positive cell in stratum basale cell followed the similar pattern as the expression of TCTP. The papillae length decreased at first 15 days of postnatal life. Thereafter, the papilla undergo a period of growth from 538.1±17.3μm to 2211.1±56.6μm until 60 days of age. The phosphorylation of AKT is the highest on day 15 of age, then decreased until day 45. The ratio of acetate:propionate in rumen fluid decreased from day 30 to day 60 of age. ConclusionsTCTP participates in rumen papillae growth by promoting rumen stratum basale cell proliferation. We suggest that the translation of TCTP mRNA is regulated by AKT phosphorylation and the development of rumen papillae is associated with acetate:propionate ratio.
The Training Experience and Professional Expectations of Allied Health Workers Students in Angola
Authors: Ferrinho Paulo , Guimarães Nkanga , Freitas Helga 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe describe the profile of Angolan final year allied health workers (AHW) students: where they come from, their experience of training and expectations regarding professional future. MethodsIt was a questionnaire based observational cross-sectional study applied to final year AHW students in 24 public and private sector , higher and mid-level training institutions in 14 of the 18 provinces of Angola during 2014.ResultsMost AHW students were women, satisfied with their choice of training. Satisfaction with teachers was high but low regarding support systems such as access to library, laboratories and clinical cases.After training AHW students wanted to settle in Angola, preferable in hospital practice, preferably in the public sector and in a national or provincial capital, rather than in the municipal hospitals. ConclusionsThis study highlights some of the issues that will have to be addressed by training institutions in order to contribute to a balanced health workforce in Angola, with AHW in quantity with the quality and distribution necessary to address health system and population needs. It highlights the importance of private education institutions in meeting this need. As training is a significant investment by students or their relatives, training institutions must strive to improve support systems in terms of access to libraries, laboratories, clinical cases, informatic support, canteens, accommodation and leisure activities.
Temporal Dynamics of Teleost Populations During the Pleistocene: A Report from Publicly Available Genome Data
Authors: Li Jia , Bian Chao , Yi Yunhai , Yu Hui , You Xinxin , Shi Qiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Global climate oscillation, as a selection dynamic, is an ecologically important element resulting in global biodiversity. During the glacial geological periods, most organisms suffered detrimental selection pressures (such as food shortage and habitat loss) and went through population declines. However, during the mild interglacial periods, many species re-flourished. These temporal dynamics of effective population sizes (Ne) provide essential information in understanding and predicting evolutionary outcomes during historical and ongoing global climate changes. Using high-quality genome assemblies and corresponding sequencing data, we applied the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method to quantify Ne changes of fifteen representative teleost species from approximately 10 million years ago (mya) to 10 thousand years ago (kya). The results revealed multiple rounds of population contraction and expansion in most of the examined teleost species during the Neogene and the Quaternary periods. It was found that 67% (10/15) of the examined teleosts had experienced a drastic decline in Ne before the last glacial period (LGP, 110–12 kya), slightly earlier than the reported pattern of Ne changes in 38 avian species. In comparison with the peaks, almost all of the examined teleosts maintained long-term lower Ne values during the last few million years. This is consistent with increasingly dramatic glaciation observed during this period. In summary, these findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the historical Ne changes in teleosts. Results presented here could lead to the development of appropriate strategies to protect species in light of ongoing global climate changes.
Impact on Diabetes Management of the Restrictions of Social Participation to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Single Facility in Japan: A Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Kogai Toshiki , Fujibayashi Kazutoshi , Yanagisawa Naotake , Fukui Nobuyuki , Takahashi Akihiko , Naito Toshio , Kuwatsuru Ryohei , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of limitations of activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes management.Methods: To clarify the impacts of the emergency declared on April 7 2020, 345 patients, 1109 patients, and 752 patients whose HbA1c levels were measured in both March and April, May, or June were selected. The patients to be compared were selected from the 2019 data under the same conditions. In 2019, 469 patients, 1315 patients, and 783 patients whose HbA1c levels were measured in both March and April, May, or June were selected. The impact of restricted activity on diabetes management due to the declared emergencies was assessed by comparing HbA1c levels in April, May, and June minus the HbA1c levels in March of both 2019 and 2020. Subjects with a difference in HbA1c levels greater than 0 were defined as “worsened”, and subjects with a difference in HbA1c levels less than or equal to 0 were defined as “improved”. The deterioration rate and the improvement rate of the HbA1c level in 2019 and 2020 were compared by the Chi-squared test. Second, the linear trends of HbA1c from April to June between 2019 and 2020 were calculated by mixed model repeated measures ANOVA.Results: There were more patients with worsening HbA1c levels from March to April in 2020 than in 2019: 122 (26.0%) vs. 137 (39.7%), p<0.01. There were more patients with improved HbA1c levels from March to June in 2020 than in 2019: 478 (61.0%) vs. 512 (68.1%), p<0.01. Patients with improved HbA1c levels between March and May showed no significant difference between 2020 and 2019: 814 (61.9%) vs. 713 (64.3%), p=0.23. Slopes of HbA1c levels from April to June in 2019 and 2020 were -0.0024 (-0.0039, -0.0009) and -0.0099 (-0.0117 -0.0081), respectively. There were significant differences in the slopes -0.0075 (-0.0097, -0.0053), p<0.01) between the years.Conclusions: HbA1c levels did not appear to show persistent deterioration during the observational period in 2020. Meanwhile, some diabetic patients may have shown both improved and worsened diabetes control during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Establishment of Risk Prediction Model of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy: 2016 Edition of Definition and Grading System of Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Yu Jun , Ren Chao-yi , Wang Jun , Cui Wei , Zhang Jin-juan , Wang Yi-jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo establish a risk prediction model for pancreatic fistula according to the pancreatic fistula standards of the 2016 edition.MethodsClinical data from 182 patients with PD admitted to Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2016 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into modeling (01/2016 to 12/2018) and validation (01/2019 to 02/2020) sets according to the time of admission. The risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a risk prediction model for POPF was established in the modeling set. This score was tested in the validation set.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that the main pancreatic duct index and CT value were independent risk factors according to the 2016 pancreatic fistula grading standard, based on which a risk prediction model for POPF was established. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.788 in the modeling set and 0.824 in the validation set.ConclusionThe main pancreatic duct index and CT value of the pancreas are closely related to the occurrence of pancreatic fistula after PD, and the established risk prediction model for pancreatic fistula has good prediction accuracy.