bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and Nature of Heterochromatin in the Electrical Fish (Knifefishes) Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae)
Authors: da Silva Maelin , Aparecida Matoso Daniele , Pavan Margarido Vladimir , Feldberg Eliana , Ferreira Artoni Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Fishes of the genus Gymnotus have been suggested as a good model for biogeographic studies in the South American continent. In relation to heterochromatin, species of this genus have blocks preferably distributed in the centromeric region. The content of these regions has been shown to be variable, with description of transposable elements, pseudogenes of 5S rDNA and satellite sequences. In G. carapo Clade, although geographically separated, species with 2n = 54 chromosomes share the distribution of many 5S rDNA sites, a unique case within the genus. Here, repetitive DNA sequences from G. sylvius (2n = 40) and G. paraguensis (2n = 54) were isolated and mapped to understand their constitution. The chromosome mapping by FISH showed an exclusive association in the centromeres of all chromosomes. However, the cross-FISH did not show positive signs of interspecific hybridization, indicating high levels of heterochromatic sequence specificity. In addition, COI-1 sequences were analyzed in some species of Gymnotus, which revealed a close relationship between species of clade 2n = 54, which have multiple 5S rDNA sites. Possibly, the insertion of retroelements or pseudogenization and dispersion of this sequence occurred before the geographic dispersion of the ancestor of this clade from the Amazon region to the hydrographic systems of Paraná-Paraguay, a synapomorphy for the group.
The Contribution of Javanese Pharmacognosy to Suriname’s Traditional Medicinal Pharmacopeia: Part 1
Authors: R.A. Mans Dennis , Friperson Priscilla , Djotaroeno Meryll , Pawirodihardjo Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

The Republic of Suriname (South America) is among the culturally, ethnically, and religiously most diverse countries in the world. Suriname’s population of about 600,000 consists of peoples from all continents including the Javanese who arrived in the country between 1890 and 1939 as indentured laborers to work on sugar cane plantations. After expiration of their five-year contract, some Javanese returned to Indonesia while others migrated to The Netherlands (the former colonial master of both Suriname and Indonesia), but many settled in Suriname. Today, the Javanese community of about 80,000 has been integrated well in Suriname but has preserved many of their traditions and rituals. This holds true for their language, religion, cultural expressions, and forms of entertainment. The Javanese have also maintained their traditional medical practices that are based on Jamu. Jamu has its origin in the Mataram Kingdom era in ancient Java, some 1300 years ago, and is mostly based on a variety of plant species. The many Jamu products are called jamus. The first part of this chapter presents a brief background of Suriname, addresses the history of the Surinamese Javanese as well as some of the religious and cultural expressions of this group, focuses on Jamu, and comprehensively deals with four medicinal plants that are commonly used by the Javanese. The second part of this chapter continues with an equally extensive narrative of six more such plants and concludes with a few remarks on the contribution of Javanese jamus to Suriname’s traditional medicinal pharmacopeia.
Comparison of Amikacin Pharmacokinetics in Neonates With and Without Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Nguyen Amy L. , Johnson Peter N. , Neely Stephen B. , Hughes Kaitlin M. , Sekar Kris C. , Welliver Robert C. , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to compare the volume of distribution (Vd), clearance (CL), elimination rate (Ke), and half-life (t½) of amikacin in neonates with cyanotic defects, acyanotic defects, and controls, adjusted for gestational and postnatal age. Secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) between controls and the congenital heart disease (CHD) group and to identify potential risk factors.

METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included neonates receiving amikacin from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2016. Patients were excluded if concentrations were not appropriately obtained or if AKI or renal anomalies were identified prior to amikacin initiation. Congenital heart disease was classified as acyanotic or cyanotic. Patients with CHD were matched 1:1 with non-CHD controls according to postmenstrual age. Bivariate analyses were performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Pearson χ2 tests, or Fisher exact as appropriate with a p value &lt;0.05. Regression analyses included logistic and analysis of covariance.

RESULTS
Fifty-four patients with CHD were matched with 54 controls. Median (IQR) postnatal age (days) at amikacin initiation significantly differed between CHD and controls, 3.0 (1.0–16.0) versus 1.0 (1.0–3.0), p = 0.016. After adjusting for gestational and postnatal age, there was no difference in the mean (95% CI) Vd (L/kg) and CL (L/kg/hr) between CHD and controls, 0.47 (0.44–0.50) versus 0.46 (0.43–0.49), p = 0.548 and 0.05 (0.05–0.05) versus 0.05 (0.05–0.05), p = 0.481, respectively. There was no difference in Ke or t½ between groups. There was no difference in AKI between the CHD and controls, 18.5% versus 9.3%, p = 0.16.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should consider using standard amikacin dosing for neonates with CHD and monitor renal function, since they may have greater AKI risk factors.
Perfil e condições de trabalho de agentes comunitários de saúde em município mineiro endêmico para doenças negligenciadas transmitidas por vetores
Authors: Nogueira Cecília , Ferreira Raquel , Santos Lorena , Nogueira Maria 
Published: May 2021

As doenças negligenciadas, particularmente àquelas tramsitidas por vetores, possuem grande impacto na saúde pública brasileira. O atendimento voltado a estas doenças se concentra, fundamentalmente, na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Nesse contexto, destaca-se o Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), profissional que possuí uma posição estratégica, representando o principal elo entre a população e as unidades básicas de saúde (UBSs). Este estudo objetivou traçar o perfil dos ACSs do município mineiro de Sabará, endêmico para várias doenças negligenciadas transmitidas por vetores (DNTVs), e analisar a percepção dos gerentes das UBSs sobre as DNTVs, e também a respeito da inserção do ACS nas equipes multiprofissionais. Foi aplicado aos ACSs um formulário estruturado, levantando o seu perfil profissional e sociodemográfico. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gerentes das UBSs. A maioria dos ACSs eram mulheres jovens com ensimo médio completo e sem cursos de capacitação para o cargo ocupado. Observou-se através da fala dos gerentes um desconhecimento conceitual sobre a definição de doenças negligenciadas. Em relação a inserção dos ACSs, os gerentes reconhem o papel destes profissionais como elo entre a equipe e a comunidade. Os discursos dos gerentes quanto ao tipo de vínculo profissional dos ACS se dividiram, alguns apresentaram uma visão mais positiva, outros indicaram uma situação de precarização do vínculo. Através deste estudo foi possível observar que apesar dos desafios de inserção dos ACSs nas equipes multiprofissionais, sua presença é de suma importância no contexto da APS, especialmente ao que tange a prevenção das DNTVs. Sugere-se que os achados deste estudo representem a realidade de outras regiões do Brasil.
DESEMPENHO DOS ENFERMEIROS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA	FRENTE O PACIENTE FALCIFORME: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Siqueira Nágela Bezerra , Soares Mônica Kallyne Portela 
Published: May 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da revisão realizada nos bancos de dados, almejando destacar a relevância do profissional de enfermagem nas ações terapêuticas desta anomalia. Estudo de revisão integrativa, realizado através das bases de dados Scielo, Medline, Lilacs e BDENF, foi coletado estudos correspondentes aos descritores: anemia falciforme e enfermagem, com os achados foram submetidos os seguintes critérios de inclusão: textos completos e disponíveis eletronicamente na íntegra, em idioma português; com recorte temporal de publicação no máximo cinco anos e que abordassem a respeito de pacientes com Anemia Falciforme e respondessem a pergunta norteadora elaborada pela estratégia de PICO. A enfermagem assume um papel de agente político de transformação na sociedade, através de ações que geram um efeito significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes falciformes. Seja no atendimento clínico ou no desenvolvimento de práticas educadoras. A assistência da equipe de enfermagem, voltada ao paciente com anemia falciforme deve ser, a de oferecer informações precisas sobre a doença, como também sanar os questionamentos dos familiares. Reconhecendo o outro como sujeito do autocuidado, utilizando escalas de dor, respeitando as particularidades, adotando o lugar do paciente e considerando os fatores culturais, religiosos, psicológicos e sociais nas condutas expressas. Mas o foco principal da Enfermagem com esses pacientes vai ser a diminuição da dor nas crises álgicas. A prestação de orientações simples e persistentes a respeito dos cuidados com a hidratação, com a alimentação, com visitas domiciliares, são alternativas de estímulos ao autocuidado. Dessa forma, é importante fornecer aos profissionais de saúde capacitações e materiais atualizados, como também o desenvolvimento de programas de educação continuada com enfoque preparatório para que possam atuar oferecendo a melhor assistência.
Desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional através da Criação de Aplicativos
Authors: Mariquito Karine Cunha Costa , Andrade Guilherme Quirino , Resende Túlio Santos , Fernandes Érica Gomes , Guerson Raphael Fidélis , Dalpra Gabriella Costa , Júnior Lindolpho Oliveira de Araújo 
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os processos para a construção do curso de desenvolvimento de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis, utilizando o MIT App Inventor. O objetivo do curso foi introduzir o pensamento computacional nos alunos envolvidos de forma criativa, utilizando o próprio celular para o desenvolvimento de aplicações, estimulando-os, com os conteúdos abordados, a resolver problemas de seu cotidiano. Este artigo apresenta toda a fundamentação teórica utilizada para a construção, metodologia de ensino e avaliação aplicados no curso, o trabalho apresenta também os desafios enfrentados no ensino devido à pandemia de Covid-19 e, por fim, discute os resultados obtidos pelo curso, através do formulário de autoavaliação aplicado aos estudantes.
SPMLMI: predicting lncRNA–miRNA interactions in humans using a structural perturbation method
Authors: Xu Mingmin , Chen Yuanyuan , Lu Wei , Kong Lingpeng , Fang Jingya , Li Zutan , Zhang Liangyun , Pian Cong 
Published: May 2021

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)–microRNA (miRNA) interactions are quickly emerging as important mechanisms underlying the functions of non-coding RNAs. Accordingly, predicting lncRNA–miRNA interactions provides an important basis for understanding the mechanisms of action of ncRNAs. However, the accuracy of the established prediction methods is still limited. In this study, we used structural consistency to measure the predictability of interactive links based on a bilayer network by integrating information for known lncRNA–miRNA interactions, an lncRNA similarity network, and an miRNA similarity network. In particular, by using the structural perturbation method, we proposed a framework called SPMLMI to predict potential lncRNA–miRNA interactions based on the bilayer network. We found that the structural consistency of the bilayer network was higher than that of any single network, supporting the utility of bilayer network construction for the prediction of lncRNA–miRNA interactions. Applying SPMLMI to three real datasets, we obtained areas under the curves of 0.9512 ± 0.0034, 0.8767 ± 0.0033, and 0.8653 ± 0.0021 based on 5-fold cross-validation, suggesting good model performance. In addition, the generalizability of SPMLMI was better than that of the previously established methods. Case studies of two lncRNAs (i.e., SNHG14 and MALAT1) further demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Therefore, SPMLMI is a feasible approach to identify novel lncRNA–miRNA interactions underlying complex biological processes.
Rotary responds to women's health needs
Authors: Devlyn F.J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn working to improve the health of women, particularly in developing countries, governments face a monumental challenge. Limited resources, insufficient training, and poor infrastructure are just some of the obstacles to advancements in the field of female medicine. It is a goal of Rotary International, a worldwide association of service‐minded business and professional people, to facilitate efforts to bring medical care to women and girls and to help them to build all‐around healthy lives. This article gives background on Rotary International and highlights some of the ways Rotarians are using their resources, their global network, and their professional expertise to advance and promote women's health.
Alterations in the activities of cerebral antioxidant enzymes of rat are related to aging
Authors: Sahoo Arjun , Chainy G.B.N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDevelopmental profiles of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were investigated in rat cerebral hemisphere from birth to 600 days of age. Lipid peroxidation level decreased in the crude homogenate from birth until 15 days and, thereafter increased gradually up to 600 days. However, susceptibility of sub‐cellular fractions to lipid peroxidation displayed an increasing trend with increasing age. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased gradually with age, whereas activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase exhibited an elevation up to 90 days followed by either a stagnancy or diminution in the later life. No linearity was observed in the contents of glutathione, ascorbic acid and H2O2 in the tissue. The results suggest that free radicals could be the causative agents of the aging process in which antioxidant enzymes have a definite regulatory contribution.
Criminal responsibility assessment in Switzerland: changes and continuity
Authors: Niveau G. , Sozonets E. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryBackground.The factors that experts use to assess criminal responsibility are not very well known. Changes in the importance attributed to certain diagnoses are occasionally mentioned in the literature. The aim of this study is to identify the existence and the nature of such modifications.Method.We compared the socio-demographic, criminological and psychiatric characteristics of two samples of psychiatric assessments carried out in Geneva, Switzerland in 1973–74 (N= 75) and 1997–98 (N= 94).Results.The two groups of subjects described by the experts’ reports appear to be quite different in several characteristics. However, the rate at which experts conclude their reports in favour of diminished responsibility was not found to be significantly different. The logistic regression shows that the diagnosis of personality disorder is the only variable that influenced the experts differently for the 1997–98 period compared to the 1973–74 period.Conclusion.In Geneva, psychiatric experts still continue to ascribe diminished responsibility to offenders suffering from psychosis or depression. However, the population that undergoes psychiatric assessments nowadays has changed considerably.
Allelic association between dinucleotide repeats at the monoamine oxidase loci and schizophrenia
Authors: Wei J , Hammings GP 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTwo X-linked microsatellites, (AC)n repeats at the monoamine oxidase (MAO) A locus and (TG)n repeats at the MAO-B locus, were typed by using a PCR-based procedure in 89 nuclear families consisting of mothers, fathers and female affected offspring with schizophrenia or mothers and male affected offspring. A haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) approach was applied to detect allelic association of these two microsatellites with schizophrenia. In the families of male patients, a significant difference in frequency distribution was found between transmitted and non-transmitted (TG)n repeats (χ2= 15.13, df = 6,P= 0.019), and Fisher's exact test showed that allelic frequency of the transmitted (TG)24was significantly higher than that of the non-transmitted (TG)24(Fisher'sP= 0.003). However, no significant differences in frequency distribution between mother- or father-transmitted and non-transmitted (TG)n repeats were found in the families of female patients. No significant differences in frequency distribution were found between transmitted and non-transmitted (AC)n repeats in the families of either male patients or female patients. The present study suggests that the MAO-B gene may be associated with schizophrenia, and the underlying genetic mechanism of schizophrenia may differ between male and female schizophrenic individuals.
Imaging Off‐Resonance Nanomechanical Motion as Modal Superposition
Authors: Esmenda Joshoua Condicion , Aguila Myrron Albert Callera , Wang Jyh‐Yang , Lee Teik‐Hui , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Lin Kung‐Hsuan , Chang‐Liao Kuei‐Shu , Katz Nadav , Kafanov Sergey , Pashkin Yuri A. , Chen Chii‐Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObservation of resonance modes is the most straightforward way of studying mechanical oscillations because these modes have maximum response to stimuli. However, a deeper understanding of mechanical motion can be obtained by also looking at modal responses at frequencies in between resonances. Here, an imaging of the modal responses for a nanomechanical drum driven off resonance is presented. By using the frequency modal analysis, these shapes are described as a superposition of resonance modes. It is found that the spatial distribution of the oscillating component of the driving force, which is affected by both the shape of the actuating electrode and inherent device properties such as asymmetry and initial slack, greatly influences the modal weight or participation. This modal superposition analysis elucidates the dynamics of any nanomechanical system through modal weights. This aids in optimizing mode‐specific designs for force sensing and integration with other systems.
Creating leaders through scholarship: The development of a physician wellness fellowship in emergency medicine
Authors: Singh Jessica , Poffenberger Cori , Smith‐Coggins Rebecca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeed for innovationThere is a clear need for physician leaders with expertise in wellness given the high incidence of physician burnout, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A fellowship in physician wellness provides structured opportunity for the development of expertise in the science and administration of physician wellness through a tailored curriculum and academic scholarship.BackgroundCurrently, limited opportunities exist to pursue formal wellness training in graduate medical education. This lack of specific training may make the path to expertise and leadership in physician wellness difficult.ObjectiveOur objective was to design and implement a physician wellness fellowship in a department of emergency medicine. Completion of this fellowship, with ongoing professional development, will give physicians the skills to fill various leadership roles within the house of medicine, such as chief wellness officer, department, organization, national wellness leader, or wellness consultant.Development processThe fellowship curriculum was developed according to Kern's six‐step approach with expert consultation. The Stanford WellMD Model of Professional Fulfillment was used as a framework to define the core content. The curriculum has five principal components developed utilizing competency‐based education in medicine: dissemination of knowledge (teaching), clinical, educational foundation, implementation (administrative), and critical investigation (research).Implementation phaseThe physician wellness fellowship was implemented for the academic year 2019–2020. The fellow completed all the required fellowship activities. In addition, the fellow completed the American College of Emergency Physician's teaching fellowship program. The fellowship is budget neutral because the fellow's half‐time clinical revenue is sufficient to cover the fellow's salary and education and support for fellowship direction.Reflective discussionOutcomes of this novel program will be measured over time. Although the format of this fellowship is designed for emergency medicine, the skills and content are relevant to and may be adopted in other medical specialties at other institutions.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Aglacins A, B, and E
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Hou Min , He Haibing , Gao Shuanhu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric photoenolization/Diels–Alder (PEDA) reaction between electron‐rich 2‐methylbenzaldehydes and unsaturated γ‐lactones was developed to directly construct the basic tricyclic core of aryltetralin lactone lignans. This methodology enabled the first asymmetric total synthesis of aglacins A, B, and E and revision of the absolute configuration of these natural lignans. The strategy was also used to prepare the naturally occurring aryldihydronaphthalene‐type lignans (−)‐7,8‐dihydroisojusticidin B and (+)‐linoxepin in four and six steps, as well as 27 natural‐product‐like molecules containing a C8′ quaternary center. We believe that the synthetic aglacins and small‐molecule library provide new opportunities to carry out the SAR studies of the podophyllotoxin family of natural products.
Getting Ready for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: The Infrared Spectrum of Hydrated Aluminum Hydride–Hydroxide HAlOH+(H2O)n−1, n=9–14
Authors: Heller Jakob , Tang Wai Kit , Cunningham Ethan M. , Demissie Ephrem G. , van der Linde Christian , Lam Wing Ka , Ončák Milan , Siu Chi‐Kit , Beyer Martin K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrated singly charged aluminum ions eliminate molecular hydrogen in a size regime from 11 to 24 water molecules. Here we probe the structure of HAlOH+(H2O)n−1, n=9–14, by infrared multiple photon spectroscopy in the region of 1400–2250 cm−1. Based on quantum chemical calculations, we assign the features at 1940 cm−1 and 1850 cm−1 to the Al−H stretch in five‐ and six‐coordinate aluminum(III) complexes, respectively. Hydrogen bonding towards the hydride is observed, starting at n=12. The frequency of the Al−H stretch is very sensitive to the structure of the hydrogen bonding network, and the large number of isomers leads to significant broadening and red‐shifting of the absorption of the hydrogen‐bonded Al−H stretch. The hydride can even act as a double hydrogen bond acceptor, shifting the Al−H stretch to frequencies below those of the water bending mode. The onset of hydrogen bonding and disappearance of the free Al−H stretch coincides with the onset of hydrogen evolution.
Facile Synthesis of Cyanide and Isocyanides from CO
Authors: Xu Maotong , Kooij Bastiaan , Wang Tongtong , Lin Jack H. , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reaction of K[N(SiMe3)2] with 13CO proceeds in C6D6 or THF affording K13CN and O(SiMe3)2 under mild conditions as confirmed by crystallographic characterization of K(18‐crown‐6)CN. Similarly reaction of the alkali metal amides, M[N(SiR3)R′] (M=Li, K; R=Ph, Me; R′=alkyl, aryl) provides the corresponding 13C labeled isocyanide RN13C and MOSiR3, generally in high yields. In some instances, the use of the sterically bulky Ph3Si‐substituent is required to preclude 1,2‐silyl migration affording the silylcarbamoyl salt M[Me3SiC(O)NR′]. These reactions have been used to obtain 19 examples of 13C labelled isocyanides, and several examples of gram scale reactions are reported. The mechanism of the reactions is probed via reliable DFT calculations.