bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of MGG and Papanicolaou stained smears in the detection of Mucormycosis in nasal swab/scraping/biopsy samples of COVID 19 patients
Authors: Philip Ashish C. , Madan Prarthna , Sharma Sonal , Das Shukla 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID 19 has been rapidly spreading across the globe. As a result of alteration of the immune milieu by COVID 19 and its treatment, there has been a rise in opportunistic fungal infections particularly Mucormycosis in these patients. Delay in diagnosis of these fungal infections can be fatal. The usual diagnostic modalities used to detect Mucor include potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, fungal culture, and histopathology. Since histopathology and fungal culture have a long turnaround time we are dependent on KOH mount for rapid results. Here we investigate the role of stained cytology smears in the rapid diagnosis of Mucormycosis.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary health care hospital on samples of patients clinically suspected to have Mucormycosis. We performed May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou (PAP) stains on the remnant samples of nasal swabs/scrapings/biopsies after KOH test and fungal culture. We took 16 KOH positive and 16 KOH negative samples. We also examined 16 fresh samples from patients whose earlier samples were reported to be negative on KOH test.ResultsThe 6/16 KOH positive samples were found to be positive on stained cytology smears and 2 were mixed infections wherein both Mucor and Aspergillus were seen. The 4/16 KOH negative samples were positive for Mucor with one sample having both Mucor and Aspergillus. The 3/16 repeat samples which were earlier negative on KOH test were positive for Mucor.ConclusionStained cytology smears if used in conjunction with KOH test can increase the overall sensitivity of detection of Mucormycosis and mixed infections.
Liquid‐based cytology and HPV DNA test in anal specimens from women with cervical cancer
Authors: Eleutério Jose , Surimã Walyson , Lima Matheus A. T. , Bezerra Joao V. S. , Eleutério Renata M. N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionCervical and anus cancers have similarities: association with HPV infection, epithelial transformation zone, and precursor lesions. However, it is still unclear whether women with cervical cancer should be screened to identify high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer. We aimed to identify high‐risk HPV and cytological atypia in anal samples from women diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.Study designWe conducted a cross‐sectional study between July 2016 and August 2017 in reference services in oncology in the State of Ceará, Brazil. We studied 59 patients diagnosed with frankly invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (at least stages IB) and 60 women in a control group. We performed liquid‐based cytology (Surepath™) and HPV test (Cobas® 4800 System Test) of anal samples. To determine statistical significance with a confidence interval of 95%, we used Fisher's exact test and Student's t‐test using the GraphPad Prism 7.0 software.ResultsThe mean age in the control group was 56.7 ± 8.5 years, while in the group of women with cervical squamous cancer, it was 54.3 ± 14.8. The liquid‐based cytology results of the satisfactory cases were: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NLM): 51 cases (85%) in the control group and 38 (64.4%) in the study group (p = .0116). The HPV test was negative more frequently in the control group (n = 56, 93.3%) than in the study group (n = 17, 31.5%) (p < .0001). HPV 16 was the most frequent type (67.6%).ConclusionsThere is a higher frequency of high‐risk HPV and atypical cytology in women with cervical cancer than without lesions. Thus, this group should be considered as a target population for screening.
Pocket gopher disturbance slows soil carbon accumulation in abandoned agricultural lands
Authors: Yang Yi , M. H. Knops Johannes , E. Brassil Chad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil carbon (C) sequestration rates vary widely in abandoned agricultural lands, and factors determining this variation, beyond climate, soil type, and productivity, are poorly understood. One such factor is soil disturbance by burrowing mammals. Despite being ubiquitous in all grasslands, the impact of burrowing mammals on soil C dynamics is not well understood. We quantified the major ecosystem processes that are influenced by one such burrowing mammal, plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), in old field ecosystems located in east‐central Minnesota, USA. We found that pocket gopher abundance varied among old fields and that newly formed gopher mounds covered up to 6% of the soil surface annually. We first measured short‐term C pool and flux changes induced by gopher activities. Soil N mineralization did not differ between the soil in gopher mounds and undisturbed soil. However, for the soil under gopher mounds, N mineralization was 30% lower compared with the undisturbed soil. We developed a process model to simulate the long‐term gopher disturbance impact on old field soil C accumulation. This simulation showed that pocket gophers reduced both the rate of soil C accumulation and the total C pool. This reduction is primarily driven by reduced plant C input due to the time it requires for the vegetation to recolonize gopher mounds. Soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition changes had only a minor impact. The process model showed that the depth from which burrowing mammals redistribute soil to the surface is a key factor in determining the overall impact on SOM. In total, our study indicated that soil disturbance by burrowing animals could significantly reduce C storage in old field ecosystems when the mammals are mostly active at the surface soil and can be a significant factor in decreasing overall C sequestration after land abandonment. However, at our study site, gopher abundance decreased with abandonment age, which was likely to have been cause by successional vegetation changes, therefore the gopher disturbance‐induced reduction in soil C is transient and decreases with abandonment age.
A population‐based study of 92 clinically recognized risk factors for heart failure: co‐occurrence, prognosis and preventive potential
Authors: Banerjee Amitava , Pasea Laura , Chung Sheng‐Chia , Direk Kenan , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Kotecha Dipak , Anker Stefan D. , Dyszynski Tomasz , Tyl Benoît , Denaxas Spiros , Lumbers R. Thomas , Hemingway Harry 
Published: December 2021

AimsPrimary prevention strategies for heart failure (HF) have had limited success, possibly due to a wide range of underlying risk factors (RFs). Systematic evaluations of the prognostic burden and preventive potential across this wide range of risk factors are lacking. We aimed at estimatingevidence, prevalence and co‐occurrence for primary prevention and impact on prognosis of RFs for incident HF.Methods and resultsWe systematically reviewed trials and observational evidence of primary HF prevention across 92 putative aetiologic RFs for HF identified from US and European clinical practice guidelines. We identified 170 885 individuals aged ≥30 years with incident HF from 1997 to 2017, using linked primary and secondary care UK electronic health records (EHR) and rule‐based phenotypes (ICD‐10, Read Version 2, OPCS‐4 procedure and medication codes) for each of 92 RFs. Only 10/92 factors had high quality observational evidence for association with incident HF; 7 had effective randomized controlled trial (RCT)‐based interventions for HF prevention (RCT‐HF), and 6 for cardiovascular disease prevention, but not HF (RCT‐CVD), and the remainder had no RCT‐based preventive interventions (RCT‐0). We were able to map 91/92 risk factors to EHR using 5961 terms, and 88/91 factors were represented by at least one patient. In the 5 years prior to HF diagnosis, 44.3% had ≥4 RFs. By RCT evidence, the most common RCT‐HF RFs were hypertension (48.5%), stable angina (34.9%), unstable angina (16.8%), myocardial infarction (15.8%), and diabetes (15.1%); RCT‐CVD RFs were smoking (46.4%) and obesity (29.9%); and RCT‐0 RFs were atrial arrhythmias (17.2%), cancer (16.5%), heavy alcohol intake (14.9%). Mortality at 1 year varied across all 91 factors (lowest: pregnancy‐related hormonal disorder 4.2%; highest: phaeochromocytoma 73.7%). Among new HF cases, 28.5% had no RCT‐HF RFs and 38.6% had no RCT‐CVD RFs. 15.6% had either no RF or only RCT‐0 RFs.ConclusionOne in six individuals with HF have no recorded RFs or RFs without trials. We provide a systematic map of primary preventive opportunities across a wide range of RFs for HF, demonstrating a high burden of co‐occurrence and the need for trials tackling multiple RFs.
Temporal trends in initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and risk of subsequent withdrawal in patients with heart failure: a nationwide study in Denmark from 2003–2017
Authors: Zahir Deewa , Bonde Anders , Madelaire Christian , Malmborg Morten , Butt Jawad H. , Fosbol Emil , Gislason Gunnar , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Andersson Charlotte , Rossignol Patrick , McMurray John J.V. , Kober Lars , Schou Morten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsDespite landmark heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) trials showing effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) on the risk of death and HF hospitalization, it has been suggested that MRAs are underutilized or frequently withdrawn. This study sought to identify temporal trends in the initiation of MRAs and the subsequent risk of withdrawal and adherence of MRAs in HF patients treated with a renin–angiotensin system inhibitor and a beta‐blocker in Denmark from 2003–2017.Methods and resultsFrom nationwide registries, we identified patients receiving a diagnosis of HF. Use of MRA was identified by at least one prescription within 6 months after the diagnosis. The absolute risk of withdrawal with treatment was assessed with cumulative incidence, accounting for the competing risk of death. To estimate adherence, we calculated the proportion of days covered. We included 51 512 patients with incident HF. During the study period, 20 779 (40.3%) patients initiated MRA therapy. The incidence of withdrawal of MRA was 49.2% throughout the study period; 48.0% of the HF patients were adherent to the treatment. Among patients withdrawing treatment with MRA, the cumulative incidence of reinitiating was 36.6%.ConclusionsIn a nationwide cohort of patients with HF, approximately half of the patients received MRA as third‐line therapy within the first 6 months after diagnosis and approximately half of these withdrew MRA within 5 years. These findings warrant an increasing focus on retention to MRA treatment in a real‐life setting.
Crystal Structures of Hexafluoridoantimonate(V) Salts of d‐block Metals in Oxidation State +2
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe crystal structures of the M(SbF6)2 salts (M=Cu, Pd) are isotypic (Type I). They crystallize in the triclinic space group
, Z=1 at 150 K. M2+ cations lying in the same plane are connected via SbF6 units forming slabs. There are only van der Waals contacts of fluorine atoms between the adjacent slabs. Salts of M(SbF6)2 (M=Fe, Co, Zn) crystallize differently (Type II; space group
, Z=2 at 150 K). Their crystal structures are composed of M2+ cations interconnected by [SbF6]− anions – thus forming a three‐dimensional framework. The crystal structure of Fe(SbF6)2, determined at 240 K, is currently the only representative of the Type III. The main feature of this type is also a three‐dimensional framework consisting of M2+ cations and [SbF6]− anions. However, the mode of their association differs from that observed in Type II. The crystal structures of CuFSbF6 (orthorhombic space group Imma, Z=4 at 150 K) and AgFSbF6 (orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z=4 at 150 K) are not isotypic. The crystal structures of the by‐products H3ONi(SbF6)3 (orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z=4 at 150 K) and (O2)2Ag6CuF5(SbF6)11 ⋅ 2HF (triclinic space group
, Z=1 at 150 K) were determined. In the latter, HF is directly attached to an Ag(II) via a fluorine atom.
A generation and distribution system of clock signal source for signal acquisition system
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shang Ziqian , Su Yanrui , Yan Fabao , Wu Zhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe clock signal is the heartbeat of modern electronic system, and demands of increasing high‐quality signal has been raised, with the development of science and technology in the field of electronic information. The clock signal with low jitter is helpful to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of sampled data and obtain high‐precision result. In this article, a programmable clock system of signal generation and distribution is designed for high‐speed acquisition system. The system can provide the clock of low jitter which frequency is as high as 3.2 GHz. The output channels for clock are 14 and each channel for clock can also be configured for synchronizing, delay adjusting or calibrating. Based on the system, a new type of configuration program is developed by using Verilog language. It can directly control the chip which has better compatibility in the application scenario of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as the master chip. It also provides a reference and guidance for the design and implementation of the dual‐Phase Locked Loop clock chips. When it provides the clocks for the high‐speed acquisition system, the SNR of the acquisition signal has been significantly improved compared with similar acquisition systems. It indicates that the clock system we designed provides an effective way for the high‐speed acquisition system to obtain the data with higher SNR.
ANN–polynomial–Fourier series modeling and Monte Carlo forecasting of tourism data
Authors: Danbatta Salim Jibrin , Varol Asaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModeling and forecasting of tourism data have received attention in the past decades. Turkey is one of the countries that benefit significantly from the tourism industry. Several time‐series models have been recommended to best describe tourist arrivals to Turkey. However, in the 21st century, the world experiences great uncertainty in most possible event outcomes. These uncertainties are very difficult to account for. We proposed a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)–polynomial–Fourier method to model the number of foreign visitors to Turkey from January 2004 to December 2020. The proposed model performance before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic is evaluated separately. We evaluate the model performance by comparing with results from Danbatta and Varol (2021, https://doi.org/10.1142/S179396232141004X), Fourier series, and ARIMA models. To account for prediction uncertainties, we ran 300 Monte Carlo simulations within ±2σ from the model regression curve. According to the result outcomes, the proposed ANN–polynomial–Fourier has proven worthy to be considered a candidate model for the Turkish tourism data. The multistep ahead forecast suggests a 10.22% increase in the monthly foreign visitors' arrivals to Turkey in the year 2021.
Lie group analysis of hyperbolic tangent fluid flow in the presence of thermal radiation
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Diyar Raham , Zeb Salman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study is devoted to the flow and heat transfer analysis of the hyperbolic tangent fluid through a stretching sheet by considering the effect of thermal radiation in addition to an applied transverse magnetic field, as well as thermal and velocity slip conditions. The Lie group analysis technique has been utilized for establishing similarity transformations, which effectively transform the governing equations to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These ODEs are numerically solved by utilizing the shooting method. The heat transfer properties and flow features under the influence of various physical parameters are also studied. We noted that by increasing the thermal radiation parameter, the temperature profile increases and also the thermal boundary layer thickens. Furthermore, it is deduced that rising the thermal radiation parameter reduces the local Nusselt number. Moreover, the numerical results obtained are in agreement with the existing results in the literature.
Parent brand susceptibility to negative feedback effects from brand extensions: A meta‐analysis of experimental consumer findings
Authors: Milberg Sandra J. , Cuneo Andres , Silva Monica , Goodstein Ronald C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the prevalence of brand extensions in the market, it is important to consider extensions' potentially harmful effects on the parent brand, that is, negative feedback effects. This paper integrates experimental research on negative feedback effects using a meta‐analytic framework. The results support previous findings for extension evaluations, parent brand breadth, parent brand image fit, and consumer task motivation on the occurrence of negative feedback effects. However, four moderator variables found in earlier work are not significant: accessibility of extension information, parent brand awareness, branding strategy, and participant type. Mixed findings related to extension fit, valence of extension information, and parent brand quality are clarified, indicating that extension fit and valence of information appear to drive negative feedback while parent brand quality does not. Four methodological factors have significant effects: within‐subject‐dependent variable designs, parent brand product class, type of brand, and whether the extension was evaluated, suggesting that the effects may be, in part, an artifact of background factors. The results provide insights into when brands seem vulnerable to negative feedback effects, while simultaneously identifying common market scenarios under which brands appear less susceptible. Finally, a post hoc model points to involvement and level of processing as two key constructs that may underlie the effects of moderators.
Meckel's diverticulum diagnosed by double‐balloon enteroscopy: A single‐center retrospective study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chih , Chang Chia‐Hsi , Chou Jen‐Wei , Wu Yi‐Hua , Huang Po‐Ju , Cheng Ken‐Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimMeckel's diverticulum (MD) is a common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although a few patients with MD present symptoms, preoperative diagnosis of MD is a clinical challenge because of its endoscopic inaccessibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate patients with MD diagnosed by double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in Taiwan.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center in middle Taiwan. The clinical characteristics, endoscopic features, histopathological findings, treatment methods, and outcomes of patients with MD diagnosed by DBE were analyzed.ResultsA total of 14 male patients with MD diagnosed by DBE were enrolled. The mean age of all patients was 32.3 years. GI bleeding (78.6%) accounted for the major indication of DBE, followed by abdominal pain and Crohn's disease follow‐up. The mean distance between the ileocecal valve and MD was 68.9 cm. The average length of 12 patients with surgically resected MD was 5.2 cm. The diagnostic yields of the other modalities excepting DBE are as follows: capsule endoscopy, 50%; Meckel's scan, 11.1%; computed tomography, 16.7%; small bowel series, 0%; and angiography, 33.3%. MD presented as a large ostium in 13 patients (92.9%), a small ostium in 1 patient (7.1%), and bleeding signs in 10 patients (71.4%). Twelve patients (85.7%) underwent surgical treatment and 2 patients (14.3%) received conservative treatment. Heterotopic gastric tissue was identified in 4 patients (28.6%).ConclusionThe present study showed that DBE is a more powerful modality in detecting MD than the other conventional modalities in Taiwan.
Same‐day antiretroviral therapy initiation hub model at the Thai Red Cross Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, Thailand: an observational cohort study
Authors: Seekaew Pich , Phanuphak Nittaya , Teeratakulpisarn Nipat , Amatavete Sorawit , Lujintanon Sita , Teeratakulpisarn Somsong , Pankam Tippawan , Nampaisan Oranuch , Jomja Pintip , Prabjunteuk Chotika , Plodgratoke Prapaipan , Ramautarsing Reshmie , Phanuphak Praphan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionWHO has recommended rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, including same‐day ART (SDART). However, data on the feasibility in real‐world settings are limited. We implemented a cohort study at a stand‐alone HIV testing centre to examine its applicability and effectiveness.MethodsData were collected from the Thai Red Cross Anonymous Clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, between July 2017 and July 2018 from clients who were ART‐naïve and could return for follow‐up visits. Baseline laboratory tests and chest X‐ray were performed according to national guidelines, and clinical eligibility was determined based on physical examination and chest X‐ray findings. Primary outcomes were retention in care and viral load suppression at 3, 6 and 12 months.ResultsDuring the study period, 2427 people tested HIV positive. Of these, 2107 (2207/2427, 86.8%) met logistical criteria, and 1904 (1904/2427, 78.5%) agreed to SDART. One thousand seven hundred and twenty‐nine (1729/2427, 71.2%) were placed on ART, with 1257 received same‐day initiation and 1576 initiated ART within 7 days; 1198 clients were successfully referred to free, sustained ART sites. Retention among eligible clients who accepted SDART service at months 3, 6 and 12 was 79.8%, 75.2% and 75.3%, respectively.ConclusionsSame‐day ART initiation hub model at a stand‐alone HIV testing centre in an urban setting in Bangkok, Thailand, is highly feasible and has a potential for scaling up.Clinical Trial NumberNCT04032028
The changing dynamics of neutralizing antibody response within 10 months of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections
Authors: Bastug Aliye , Bodur Hurrem , Aydos Omer , Filazi Nazlican , Oksuz Ergun , Ozkul Aykut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere are limited data on how long neutralizing antibody (NAb) response elicited via primary SARS‐CoV‐2 infection will last. Eighty‐four serum samples were obtained from a prospective cohort of 42 laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients at the time of discharge from the hospital and in the late convalescent phase. A virus neutralization assay was performed to determine the presence and titers of NAbs with authentic SARS‐CoV‐2. Long‐term dynamics of NAbs and factors that may have an impact on humoral immunity were investigated. Mild and moderate/severe patients were compared. The mean sampling time was 11.12 ± 5.02 days (4–28) for the discharge test and 268.12 ± 11.65 days (247–296) for the follow‐up test. NAb response was present in 83.3% of the patients about 10 months after infection. The detectable long‐term NAb rate was significantly higher in mild patients when compared to moderate/severe patients (95.7% vs. 68.4%, p = 0.025). In the follow‐up, NAb‐positive and ‐negative patients were compared to determine the predictors of the presence of long‐term humoral immunity. The only significant factor was disease severity. Patients with mild infections have more chance to have NAbs for a longer time. Age, gender, and comorbidity did not affect long‐term NAb response. NAb titers decreased significantly over time, with an average rank of 24.0 versus 19.1 (p = 0.002). Multivariate generalized estimating equation analysis revealed that no parameter has an impact on the change of NAb titers over time. The majority of the late convalescent patients still had detectable low levels of neutralizing antibodies. The protective effect of these titers of NAbs from re‐infections needs further studies.