bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSMA-Radioligandentherapie könnte Nuklearmedizin vor infrastrukturelle Herausforderungen stellen: Ergebnisse einer Basiskalkulation zur Kapazitätsplanung nuklearmedizinischer Betten im deutschen Krankenhaussektor
Authors: Zippel Claus , Giesel Frederik L. , Kratochwil Clemens , Eiber Matthias , Rahbar Kambiz , Albers Peter , Maurer Tobias , Krause Bernd J. , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung der Lu-177-PSMA-RLT zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms ist von Interesse, wie sich die Versorgungssituation mit Blick auf die hierfür nötigen nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten angesichts hoher Fallzahlen beim fortgeschrittenen PCa hypothetisch darstellen würde, und ob es hier potenziell zu einem infrastrukturbedingten Engpass für die Patientenversorgung kommen könnte.
Methodik Das in deutschen Krankenhäusern verfügbare Angebot an nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten wurde dem bei etwaiger Zulassung eines Therapeutikums zur Lu-177-PSMA-RLT als Letztlinientherapie für mCRPC-Patienten perspektivisch insgesamt zu rechnenden nuklearmedizinischen Nachfragepotenzial an Therapiebetten in einer Basiskalkulation gegenübergestellt. Eine mögliche Ausweitung des Lu-PSMA-Indikationsspektrums wurde dabei nicht berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Nach der Basiskalkulation ergäbe sich bei einer bundesweit aktuellen nuklearmedizinischen Bettenkapazität von ca. 234 000 Behandlungstagen eine rechnerisch geringe Reserve von bundesweit ca. 19 000 nuklearmedizinischen Bettentagen, was umgerechnet einer Reserve von 63 Betten für die interessierende Fragestellung entspricht. Dabei zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede bei der Bettenkapazität: Während sich für einige Bundesländer eine rechnerische Unterkapazität an nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten bei Zulassung der Lu-177-PSMA-RLT andeutet, gilt dies für andere Bundesländer weniger.
Diskussion Diese Basiskalkulation zeigt, dass die Kapazität nuklearmedizinischer Therapiebetten bei einer etwaig zugelassenen Lu-177-PSMA-RLT für mCRPC sehr gut ausgelastet sein dürfte, in einigen Bundesländern sogar an ihre Grenzen stoßen könnte. Bei einer perspektivischen Ausweitung des Indikationsspektrums oder absehbar klinischen Etablierung weiterer therapeutischer Radiopharmaka könnte die Bettenzahl mittelfristig einen Engpassfaktor für das flächendeckende Behandlungsangebot darstellen.
Chemical Diversity of Volatile Macrocylic Lactones from Frogs
Authors: Schulz Stefan , Poth Dennis , Peram Pardha Saradhi , Hötling Susann , Menke Markus , Melnik Kristina , Röpke René 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor a long time, frogs were believed to communicate primarily via the acoustic channel, but during the last decades it became obvious that various lineages also use chemical communication. In this Account we present our research on the identification of volatile lactones from Madagascan Mantellidae and African Hyperoliidae frogs. Both possess male specific glands that can disseminate a range of volatile compounds. Key constituents are macrocyclic lactones. They show high variability in structure and occurrence. We focus here on the synthetic approaches we have used to clarify constitution and configuration of the glandular compounds. Key synthetic methods are ring-closing metathesis and nucleophilic epoxide opening. Often, but not always, the natural compounds occurs in amounts that excludes their investigation by NMR spectroscopy. Instead, we use GC/MS analysis, GC/IR, microreactions, and synthesis to identify such components. Several aspects of our work will be described giving some insight in our scientific approach.1 Introduction2 Macrocylic Lactones from the Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway3 Unsaturated Lactones4 Terpenoid Lactones5 Macrolide Occurrence6 Conclusions
Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage and its Severe Forms with Blood Loss Evaluated Objectively – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Ribeiro Filipe Moraes , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective To identify risk factors related to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and severe PPH with blood loss quantified objectively.
Methods This is a complementary analysis of a prospective cohort study that included pregnant women delivering vaginally. The total blood loss was obtained through the sum of the volume collected from the drape with the weight of gauzes, compresses and pads used by women within 2 hours. Exploratory data analysis was performed to assess mean, standard deviation (SD), frequency, percentage and percentiles. The risk factors for postpartum bleeding were evaluated using linear and logistic regression.
Results We included 270 women. The mean blood loss at 120 minutes was 427.49 mL (±335.57 mL). Thirty-one percent (84 women) bled > 500 mL and 8.2% (22 women) bled > 1,000 mL within 2 hours. Episiotomy, longer second stage of labor and forceps delivery were related to blood loss > 500 mL within 2 hours, in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only forceps remained associated with bleeding > 500 mL within 2 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5 [2.85–31.53]). Previous anemia and episiotomy were also related to blood loss > 1,000mL.
Conclusion Prolonged second stage of labor, forceps and episiotomy are related to increased incidence of PPH, and should be used as an alert for the delivery assistants for early recognition and prompt treatment for PPH.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Miller Neil R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA host of different types of direct and indirect, primary and secondary injuries can affect different portions of the optic nerve(s). Thus, in the setting of penetrating as well as nonpenetrating head or facial trauma, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the possibility of the presence of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). TON is a clinical diagnosis, with imaging frequently adding clarification to the full nature/extent of the lesion(s) in question. Each pattern of injury carries its own unique prognosis and theoretical best treatment; however, the optimum management of patients with TON remains unclear. Indeed, further research is desperately needed to better understand TON. Observation, steroids, surgical measures, or a combination of these are current cornerstones of management, but statistically significant evidence supporting any particular approach for TON is absent in the literature. Nevertheless, it is likely that novel management strategies will emerge as more is understood about the converging pathways of various secondary and tertiary mechanisms of cell injury and death at play in TON. In the meantime, given our current deficiencies in knowledge regarding how to best manage TON, “primum non nocere” (first do no harm) is of utmost importance.
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies
Authors: Schoenaker Danielle A.J.M. , de Jersey Susan , Willcox Jane , Francois Monique E. , Wilkinson Shelley 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and a significant clinical and public health problem with lifelong and intergenerational adverse health consequences for mothers and their offspring. The preconception, early pregnancy, and interconception periods represent opportune windows to engage women in preventive and health promotion interventions. This review provides an overview of findings from observational and intervention studies on the role of diet, physical activity, and weight (change) during these periods in the primary prevention of GDM. Current evidence suggests that supporting women to increase physical activity and achieve appropriate weight gain during early pregnancy and enabling women to optimize their weight and health behaviors prior to and between pregnancies have the potential to reduce rates of GDM. Translation of current evidence into practice requires further development and evaluation of co-designed interventions across community, health service, and policy levels to determine how women can be reached and supported to optimize their health behaviors before, during, and between pregnancies to reduce GDM risk.
Cognitive biases and mindfulness
Authors: Maymin Philip Z. , Langer Ellen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a study testing whether mindfulness decreases cognitive biases, respondents answered 22 standard cognitive bias questions to measure susceptibility to the endowment effect, overconfidence, mental accounting, anchoring, loss aversion, and 17 other biases, as well as the 14 questions of the Langer mindfulness survey (LMS), measuring the traits of novelty-seeking, novelty producing, and engagement. A portion of the respondents were randomly pre-assigned to a condition that induced mindfulness. On 19 of the 22 biases, those induced to be mindful were less likely to show the bias. They also scored higher on 11 of the 14 LMS questions. The method by which we induced mindfulness was unrelated to the context of the later questions, involving image comparisons and standard Langerian instructions to notice three new things. People can boost their decision-making abilities merely by increasing their mindfulness, with no need for meditation, psychological training, or statistical education.
A unified theory for organic matter accumulation
Authors: Zakem Emily J. , Cael B. B. , Levine Naomi M. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceOrganic matter in the global ocean, soils, and sediments stores about five times more carbon than the atmosphere. Thus, the controls on the accumulation of organic matter are critical to global carbon cycling. However, we lack a quantitative understanding of these controls. This prevents meaningful descriptions of organic matter cycling in global climate models, which are required for understanding how changes in organic matter reservoirs provide feedbacks to past and present changes in climate. Currently, explanations for organic matter accumulation remain under debate, characterized by seemingly competing hypotheses. Here, we develop a quantitative framework for organic matter accumulation that unifies these hypotheses. The framework derives from the ecological dynamics of microorganisms, the dominant consumers of organic matter.
Cooperativity between the orthosteric and allosteric ligand binding sites of RORγt
Authors: de Vries Rens M. J. M. , Meijer Femke A. , Doveston Richard G. , Leijten-van de Gevel Iris A. , Brunsveld Luc 
Published: February 2021

Significance
RORγt is a nuclear receptor associated with several diseases. Various synthetic ligands have been developed that target the canonical orthosteric or a second, allosteric pocket of RORγt. We show that orthosteric and allosteric ligands can simultaneously bind to RORγt and that their potency is positively influenced by the other ligand, a phenomenon called cooperative dual ligand binding. The mechanism behind cooperative binding in proteins is poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of structural data. We solved 12 crystal structures of RORγt, simultaneously bound to various orthosteric and allosteric ligands. In combination with molecular dynamics, we reveal a mechanism responsible for the cooperative binding behavior. Our comprehensive structural studies provide unique insights into how cooperative binding occurs in proteins.
Interaction of Gardner solitons in plasmas: applications in the Saturn’s magnetosphere
Authors: Nawaz H , Masood W , Jahangir R , Siddiq M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multi-soliton solutions of the Gardner equation (GE) have been obtained using the Hirota’s bilinear formalism and, to the best of our knowledge, have been studied in the context of plasmas for the first time. The results have been used to study the electrostatic waves on the ion time scale in a two-electron temperature (TET) kappa distributed plasma in the light of the data obtained from Saturn’s Magnetosphere. The most important result that has come out of the investigation of multi-soliton solution of GE is that both overtaking and head on interactions may occur owing to the simultaneous presence of quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in the GE. The plasma parameters of the system have been found to influence the spatial scale of interaction. The results of kappa distributed plasma have been compared with the Maxwellian case and the key differences with regard to the parametric regimes for the existence of ion acoustic Gardner solitons and the soliton interaction for the two cases have also been explored in detail.
Determination of 238U(n, γ) and 238U(n, f) reactions cross-section in the neutron emission spectrum of 241Am-Be source
Authors: Tohamy M , Elmaghraby Elsayed K , Comsan M N H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The neutron radiative capture and neutron fission cross-sections were measured over the neutron emission spectrum of an 241Am-Be source with an effective energy range between 1 MeV and 11 MeV using the activation method. In foils were used as a neutron flux monitor based on 115In(n, n′)115mIn reaction. The sample was a Cd-covered natural UO2 pellet. Evaluations of the yield and reaction data in the energy range from 0.1 MeV to 11 MeV had been done to validate the integral experimental results. The neutron capture cross-section, using 239Np decay, was 32.9 ± 0.9stat. mb. The fission cross-section was probed using gamma lines from 143Ce, 133I, 105Ru, 134I, 91Sr, 135I, and 92Sr. The weighted average value of the fission cross-section was 570 ± 24 mb. 143Ce, 133I, 135I, and 92Sr had the highest merit among fission products for the validation, use upon application of long-lived Am-Be neutrons in quantification for nuclear safeguard and security applications.
Perturbative approach for strong and weakly coupled time-dependent for non-Hermitian quantum systems
Authors: Fring Andreas , Tenney Rebecca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a perturbative approach to determine the time-dependent Dyson map and the metric operator associated with time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. We apply the method to a pair of explicitly time-dependent two dimensional harmonic oscillators that are weakly coupled to each other in a PT-symmetric fashion and to the strongly coupled explicitly time-dependent negative quartic anharmonic oscillator potential. We demonstrate that once the perturbative Ansatz is set up the coupled differential equations resulting order by order may be solved recursively in a constructive manner, thus bypassing the need for making any guess for the Dyson map or the metric operator. Exploring the ambiguities in the solutions of the order by order differential equations naturally leads to a whole set of inequivalent solutions for the Dyson maps and metric operators implying different physical behaviour as demonstrated for the expectation values of the time-dependent energy operator.
Bayesian approach to parameter estimation and model validation for nuclear fusion reactor mean-field edge turbulence modelling
Authors: De Wolf R. , Coosemans R. , Dekeyser W. , Baelmans M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a Bayesian approach to infer about two mean-field plasma turbulence models, a first based on the turbulent kinetic energyk⊥, and a second based onk⊥and the turbulent enstrophyζ⊥. These models contain several closure terms with unknown constants that have to be determined through fitting to reference data from turbulence simulations or experiments. In this paper, we compare two techniques to solve the Bayesian inference problem: the Laplace approximation and the adaptive Metropolis–Hastings (AMH) algorithm. Our Bayesian inference allows for parameter uncertainty quantification, identification of parameter cross-correlations and model comparison through the Bayesian evidence. Our results indicate that while a diffusivek⊥–ζ⊥scaling for the anomalous diffusion coefficient provides a better approximation to the turbulent particle flux when based on exact turbulence simulation data, at present large modelling uncertainties and parameter cross-correlations in the fullk⊥–ζ⊥model make it less performant than the more simplek⊥model. For the cases studied here, the cross-correlations can be removed by a reparameterization of thek⊥–ζ⊥model with fewer parameters. The results can form the basis for further development of the turbulence models.
Intelligent distributed module for local control of lighting and electrical outlets in a home
Authors: Andramuño J. , Mendoza E. , Núñez J. , Liger E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a control of lighting and electrical loads, suitable for smart homes, using embedded systems with low-cost wireless communication modules. The system is based on a distributed intelligent home automation architecture, to work autonomously or interconnect wirelessly to a larger system. It has a set of sensors that allow you to ration the use of electricity through automatic switching off the lights or electrical devices, allowing the lighting to be regulated. It has several modules that communicate to a central node wirelessly, and an interface based on a mobile application. UML and Petri Nets were used for the projection, modelling and validation of the system, its implementation was developed in C/C ++ language for 32-bit microcontrollers. Tests of the prototype showed stable behavior, fast communications and sufficient coverage for a single-family house, whose performance is higher to other similar works found in the scientific community.
Modelling preferential flow through unsaturated porous media with the Preisach model and an extended Richards Equation to capture hysteresis and relaxation behaviour
Authors: Roche W.J. , Murphy K. , Flynn D.P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unsaturated flow of water in soil through unstable wetting fronts has been documented in literature. These instabilities can lead to the development of finger-flow profiles, whose paths can be “remembered” by a solid matrix of soil during future infiltration even after periods of desaturation. This process has been modelled for a 1D column of soil by the Richards equation, a non-equilibrium relaxation ODE, and Preisach hysteresis, all of which are required for finger flow. In this paper a comparison is made to similar work that use Parlange’s model of hysteresis and show that similar results are achieved by instead including the Preisach model. In addition, the model allows for the strength of hysteresis to be changed by a single parameter thus allowing the potential of parameter fitting of data in the future.
Mathematical modeling the process of wire surfacing by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
Authors: Davlyatshin R P , Gerasimov R M , Bayandin Y V , Permyakov G L , Trushnikov D N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss issues the process of layer-by-layer synthesis of metal products by wire surfacing. A mathematical model of the process has been developed and implemented. The model allows one to calculate the volumetric distributions of temperatures, melt flow rates, pressures, components of heat fluxes density, the shape and dimensions of the molten bath, the shape of the free surface of the molten metal, the shape and dimensions of the weld bead. For this purpose, the main physical processes that affect the formation of the metal product were considered, namely: melting and crystallization of the metal, surface tension, the Marangoni effect and the heat source features. The smoothed particle method was used to implement this model. A number of numerical experiments were carried out using the developed model. Firstly, the model parameters for steel and titanium were identified and verified. After that, calculations were carried out to verify the model itself using the obtained roller geometry. The numerical solution for the deposition of one layer was compared with the full-scale experiment. The error was no more than 5% in any direction. Thus, the efficiency and correctness of the constructed model is shown.
Simulation of magnetic particle capture in the breast
Authors: Camargo Luz Helena , Pacheco Jennifer , Rodriguez Diego Julián 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
New strategies, such as magnetic guidance of medicines, are used in cancer treatment. This work determined the topological characteristics of blood vessels in the breast with cancer. To remove the topology of the blood vessels mammogram imaging of cancer patients, image preprocessing was performed using conventional methods (Canny, Prewitt, and Sobel), with neural networks, and with light correction techniques, a 3D model was generated with finite element software to simulate velocity and blood flow, 700 nanoparticles of Magnetite were included, with a magnet of Neodymiun and the number of nanoparticles reaching the tumor was evaluated. The best results were obtained with the light correction method that improved the definition of blood vessels with the topology obtained and more particles were found to reach the magnetic field tumor compared when it is absent.
Application of induction heating in the FDM/FFF 3D manufacturing
Authors: Oskolkov A A , Trushnikov D N , Bezukladnikov I I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the problem of induction heating in its application to the FDM/FFF 3D manufacturing. One of the major problems of the FDM/FFF is the instability of layer-to-layer adhesion quality, and on the larger scale - maintaining the homogeneity of material inside the whole printed object. Approach for mitigating and/or resolving of those problems, based on the fast and reliable control of the extruded material temperature during the printing process was proposed. Such approach uses specially created testbed system, consists of the ultra-low weight induction heated nozzle and fast temperature controller. This equipment enables rapid heating and cooling of the nozzle at low input power. On the contrary, using of the nozzle with the minimal thermal mass poses the problems of maintaining even heat distribution on the nozzle surface, and therefore inside the heated material. Multiphysics FEM model for the electromagnetic and thermal problem for the proposed nozzle and inductor configuration was formulated, and numerically solved using COMSOL 5.2a. Parametric optimization of the inductor form and heating signal frequency was conducted. Series of the experiments with the optimized inductor construction were made using the proposed testbed, showing significant increase of the heating speed and uniform heat distribution on the nozzle surface, and therefore in the final printed object quality. Experimental data for the all stages of conducted research is provided.