bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubulin tyrosination regulates synaptic function and is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Peris Leticia , Parato Julie , Qu Xiaoyi , Soleilhac Jean Marc , Lanté Fabien , Kumar Atul , Pero Maria Elena , Martínez-Hernández José , Corrao Charlotte , Falivelli Giulia , Payet Floriane , Gory-Fauré Sylvie , Bosc Christophe , Blanca Ramirez Marian , Sproul Andrew , Brocard Jacques , Di Cara Benjamin , Delagrange Philippe , Buisson Alain , Goldberg Yves , Moutin Marie Jo , Bartolini Francesca , Andrieux Annie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrotubules play fundamental roles in the maintenance of neuronal processes and in synaptic function and plasticity. While dynamic microtubules are mainly composed of tyrosinated tubulin, long-lived microtubules contain detyrosinated tubulin, suggesting that the tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination cycle is a key player in the maintenance of microtubule dynamics and neuronal homeostasis, conditions that go awry in neurodegenerative diseases. In the tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin is removed by tubulin carboxypeptidases and re-added by tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL).Here we show that TTL heterozygous mice exhibit decreased tyrosinated microtubules, reduced dendritic spine density and both synaptic plasticity and memory deficits. We further report decreased TTL expression in sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease, and reduced microtubule dynamics in human neurons harbouring the familial APP-V717I mutation. Finally, we show that synapses visited by dynamic microtubules are more resistant to oligomeric amyloid-β peptide toxicity and that expression of TTL, by restoring microtubule entry into spines, suppresses the loss of synapses induced by amyloid-β peptide.Together, our results demonstrate that a balanced tyrosination/detyrosination tubulin cycle is necessary for the maintenance of synaptic plasticity, is protective against amyloid-β peptide-induced synaptic damage and that this balance is lost in Alzheimer’s disease, providing evidence that defective tubulin retyrosination may contribute to circuit dysfunction during neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.
3T MRI of rapid brain activity changes driven by subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation
Authors: Elias Gavin J B , Germann Jürgen , Boutet Alexandre , Loh Aaron , Li Bryan , Pancholi Aditya , Beyn Michelle E , Naheed Asma , Bennett Nicole , Pinto Jessica , Bhat Venkat , Giacobbe Peter , Woodside D Blake , Kennedy Sidney H , Lozano Andres M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation targeting the subcallosal cingulate area, a hub with multiple axonal projections, has shown therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant mood disorders. While subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation drives long-term metabolic changes in corticolimbic circuits, the brain areas that are directly modulated by electrical stimulation of this region are not known.
We used 3.0 T functional MRI to map the topography of acute brain changes produced by stimulation in an initial cohort of 12 patients with fully implanted deep brain stimulation devices targeting the subcallosal cingulate area. Four additional subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation patients were also scanned and employed as a validation cohort. Participants underwent resting state scans (n = 78 acquisitions overall) during (i) inactive deep brain stimulation; (ii) clinically optimal active deep brain stimulation; and (iii) suboptimal active deep brain stimulation. All scans were acquired within a single MRI session, each separated by a 5-min washout period.
Analysis of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in each sequence indicated that clinically optimal deep brain stimulation reduced spontaneous brain activity in several areas, including the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral precuneus and the left inferior parietal lobule (PBonferroni &lt; 0.0001). Stimulation-induced dorsal anterior cingulate cortex signal reduction correlated with immediate within-session mood fluctuations, was greater at optimal versus suboptimal settings and was related to local cingulum bundle engagement. Moreover, linear modelling showed that immediate changes in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus activity could predict individual long-term antidepressant improvement. A model derived from the primary cohort that incorporated amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations changes in these three areas (along with preoperative symptom severity) explained 55% of the variance in clinical improvement in that cohort. The same model also explained 93% of the variance in the out-of-sample validation cohort. Additionally, all three brain areas exhibited significant changes in functional connectivity between active and inactive deep brain stimulation states (PBonferroni &lt; 0.01).
These results provide insight into the network-level mechanisms of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation and point towards potential acute biomarkers of clinical response that could help to optimize and personalize this therapy.
Distinct roles for the anterior temporal lobe and angular gyrus in the spatiotemporal cortical semantic network
Authors: Farahibozorg Seyedeh-Rezvan , Henson Richard N , Woollams Anna M , Hauk Olaf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Semantic knowledge is supported by numerous brain regions, but the spatiotemporal configuration of the network that links these areas remains an open question. The hub-and-spokes model posits that a central semantic hub coordinates this network. In this study, we explored distinct aspects that define a semantic hub, as reflected in the spatiotemporal modulation of neural activity and connectivity by semantic variables, from the earliest stages of semantic processing. We used source-reconstructed electro/magnetoencephalography, and investigated the concreteness contrast across three tasks. In a whole-cortex analysis, the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) was the only area that showed modulation of evoked brain activity from 100 ms post-stimulus. Furthermore, using Dynamic Causal Modeling of the evoked responses, we investigated effective connectivity amongst the candidate semantic hub regions, that is, left ATL, supramarginal/angular gyrus (SMG/AG), middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We found that models with a single semantic hub showed the highest Bayesian evidence, and the hub region was found to change from ATL (within 250 ms) to SMG/AG (within 450 ms) over time. Our results support a single semantic hub view, with ATL showing sustained modulation of neural activity by semantics, and both ATL and AG underlying connectivity depending on the stage of semantic processing.
Success rate of surface-treated and non-treated orthodontic miniscrews as anchorage reinforcement in the lower arch for the Herbst appliance: A single-centre, randomised split-mouth clinical trial
Authors: Manni Antonio , Drago Sara , Migliorati Marco 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Background
Surface treatment of miniscrews was implemented to determine whether its application increased bone-to-surface contact and enhanced the interlock between the device and the surrounding bone.

Objectives
To compare the success rate of surface-treated and non-treated orthodontic miniscrews used as reinforcement of anchorage during treatment with the Herbst appliance.

Trial design
Split-mouth design with an allocation ratio of 1:1.

Methods
Eligibility criteria to enrol patients were skeletal and dental class II patients with a retrusive chin, use of the Herbst appliance to correct malocclusion, need for skeletal anchorage using a miniscrew both in the left and right side of the mouth, absence of systemic diseases, absence of using drugs that alter bone metabolism, and good oral hygiene. Patients received self-drilling miniscrews without surface treatment and with surface treatment. Both types presented a 1.4 or 1.2 mm diameter. Miniscrews were inserted between the first molar and second premolars or between the two premolars. The force applied to the screws was an elastic chain from the head of the miniscrews to a direct button applied on the canines. The success rate of each type of miniscrew was considered the primary outcome, and the association of success with demographical, clinical, and geometrical characteristics was investigated. Differences were tested by the generalised linear mixed effects model for the split-mouth design. Differences with a P-value &lt; 0.05 were selected as significant.

Randomisation
A randomisation list was created for the mouth side assignment.

Blinding
The study was single blinded with regard to the statistical analysis.

Results
Thirty-nine miniscrews of the non-treated type and 39 miniscrews of the surface-treated type were inserted in 39 patients (23 female and 16 male, mean age: 15.55 ± 7.91) recruited between March 2018 and December 2020 with a split-mouth study design. The mean therapy duration was 9.3 months (SD = 1.31). No differences in failure rate were observed between miniscrew types. No serious harm was observed.

Conclusions
The success rate of surface-treated and non-treated miniscrews showed no significant differences.

Registration
This trial was not registered.
Seasonal variations of subsurface seismic velocities monitored by the SEIS-InSight seismometer on Mars
Authors: Compaire N , Margerin L , Monnereau M , Garcia R F , Lange L , Calvet M , Dahmen N L , Stähler S C , Mueller N , Grott M , Lognonné P , Spohn T , Banerdt W B 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYThe SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) seismometer deployed at the surface of Mars in the framework of the NASA-InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has been continuously recording the ground motion at Elysium Planitia for more than one martian year. In this work, we investigate the seasonal variation of the near-surface properties using both background vibrations and a particular class of high-frequency seismic events. We present measurements of relative velocity changes over one martian year and show that they can be modelled by a thermoelastic response of the Martian regolith. Several families of high-frequency seismic multiplets have been observed at various periods of the martian year. These events exhibit complex, repeatable waveforms with an emergent character and a coda that is likely composed of scattered waves. Taking advantage of these properties, we use coda wave interferometry (CWI) to measure relative traveltime changes as a function of the date of occurrence of the quakes. While in some families a stretching of the coda waveform is clearly observed, in other families we observe either no variation or a clear contraction of the waveform. These various behaviors correspond to different conditions of illumination at the InSight landing site, depending on the season. Measurements of velocity changes from the analysis of background vibrations above 5 Hz are consistent with the results from CWI. We identify a frequency band structure in the power spectral density (PSD) that can be tracked over hundreds of days. This band structure is the equivalent in the frequency domain of an autocorrelogram and can be efficiently used to measure relative traveltime changes as a function of frequency. We explain how the PSD analysis allows us to circumvent the contamination of the measurements by the Lander mode excitation which is inevitable in the time domain. The observed velocity changes can be adequately modelled by the thermoelastic response of the regolith to the time-dependent incident solar flux at the seasonal scale. In particular, the model captures the time delay between the surface temperature variations and the velocity changes in the subsurface. Our observations could serve as a basis for a joint inversion of the seismic and thermal properties in the first 20 m below InSight.
A reduced-order variational Bayesian approach for efficient subsurface imaging
Authors: Urozayev Dias , Ait-El-Fquih Boujemaa , Hoteit Ibrahim , Peter Daniel 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYThis work considers the reconstruction of a subsurface model from seismic observations, which is known to be a high-dimensional and ill-posed inverse problem. Two approaches are combined to tackle this problem: the discrete cosine transform (DCT) approach, used in the forward modelling step, and the variational Bayesian (VB) approach, used in the inverse reconstruction step. VB can provide not only point estimates but also closed forms of the full posterior probability distributions. To efficiently compute such estimates of the full joint posterior distributions of large-scale seismic inverse problems, we resort to a DCT order-reduction scheme with a VB approximation of the posteriors, avoiding the need for costly Bayesian sampling methods. More specifically, we first reduce the model parameters through truncation of their DCT coefficients. This helps regularizing our seismic inverse problem and alleviates its computational complexity. Then, we apply a VB inference in the reduced-DCT space to estimate the dominant (retained) DCT coefficients together with the variance of the observational noise. We also present an efficient implementation of the derived VB-based algorithm for further cost reduction. The performances of the proposed scheme are evaluated through extensive numerical experiments for both linear and nonlinear forward models. In the former, the subsurface reflectivity model was reconstructed at a comparable estimation accuracy as the optimal weighted-regularized-least-squares solution. In the latter, the main structural features of the squared slowness model were well reconstructed.
Telomere Length Declines in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Before Antiretroviral Therapy Start but Not After Viral Suppression: A Longitudinal Study Over &gt;17 Years
Authors: Schoepf Isabella C , Thorball Christian W , Ledergerber Bruno , Kootstra Neeltje A , Reiss Peter , Raffenberg Marieke , Engel Tanja , Braun Dominique L , Hasse Barbara , Thurnheer Christine , Marzolini Catia , Seneghini Marco , Bernasconi Enos , Cavassini Matthias , Buvelot Hélène , Arribas José R , Kouyos Roger D , Fellay Jacques , Günthard Huldrych F , Tarr Philip E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), long-term telomere length (TL) change without/with suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the contribution of genetic background to TL are incompletely understood.

Methods
We measured TL change in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 107 Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants with longitudinal samples available both before and during suppressive ART. We applied mixed-effects multilevel regression to obtain uni-/multivariable estimates for longitudinal TL dynamics including age, sex, and CD4/CD8 ratio. We assessed the effect of (1) individual antiretrovirals and (2) an individual TL-polygenic risk score ([TL-PRS] based on 239 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on TL in 798 additional participants from our previous longitudinal studies.

Results
During untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (median observation, 7.7; interquartile range [IQR], 4.7–11] years), TL declined significantly (median −2.12%/year; IQR, −3.48% to −0.76%/year; P = .002). During suppressive ART (median observation, 9.8; IQR, 7.1–11.1 years), there was no evidence of TL decline or increase (median + 0.54%/year; IQR, −0.55% to + 1.63%/year; P = .329). The TL-PRS contributed to TL change (global P = .019) but particular antiretrovirals did not (all P &gt; .15).

Conclusions
In PWH, TL is associated with an individual PRS. Telomere length declined significantly during untreated chronic HIV infection, but no TL change occurred during suppressive ART.
On the Impact of Inequality on Growth, Human Development, and Governance
Authors: Ferreira Ines A , Gisselquist Rachel M , Tarp Finn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInequality is a major international development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key socioeconomic and political outcomes. Still, informed debate requires clear evidence. This article contributes by taking stock and providing an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge on the impact of income inequality, specifically on three important outcomes: (1) economic growth; (2) human development, with a focus on health and education as two of its dimensions; and (3) governance, with emphasis on democracy. With particular attention to work in economics, which is especially developed on these topics, this article reveals that the existing evidence is somewhat mixed and argues for further in-depth empirical work across disciplines. It also points to explanations for the lack of consensus embedded in data quality and availability, measurement issues, and shortcomings of the different methods employed. Finally, we suggest promising future research avenues relying on experimental work for microlevel analysis and reiterate the need for more region- and country-specific studies and improvements in the availability and reliability of data.
Upregulated mGluR5 induces ER stress and DNA damage by regulating the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B
Authors: Gu Li , Luo Wen-Yuan , Xia Ning , Zhang Jian-Nan , Fan Jing-Kai , Yang Hui-Min , Wang Meng-Chen , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dysfunction caused by mGluR5 expression or activation is an important mechanism in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Early clinical studies on mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators have shown some limitations. It is therefore necessary to find a more specific approach to block mGluR5-mediated neurotoxicity. Here, we determined the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit NR2B in mGluR5-mediated ER stress and DNA damage. In vitro study, rotenone-induced ER stress and DNA damage were accompanied by an increase in mGluR5 expression and overexpressed or activated mGluR5 with agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) induced ER stress and DNA damage, while blocking mGluR5 with antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP) alleviated the effect. Furthermore, the damage caused by CHPG was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Additionally, rotenone or CHPG increased the p-Src and p-NR2B, which was inhibited by MPEP. Blocking p-Src or NR2B with PP2 or CP101,606 alleviated CHPG-induced ER stress and DNA damage. Overactivation of mGluR5 accompanied with the increase of p-Src and p-NR2B in the ER stress and DNA damage was found in rotenone-induced PD rat model. These findings suggest a new mechanism wherein mGluR5 induces ER stress and DNA damage through the NMDA receptor and propose NR2B as the molecular target for therapeutic strategy for PD.
Observations on anchialine-pool shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae, Barbouriidae) from the Philippines: A re-assessment after four decades and discovery of a second epigeal pool
Authors: Malay Maria Celia D , Ebreo Karen Claire S , Felix Lucas R , Domingo Jobeth N , Gerona Joemarie T 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We document the current status of the enigmatic bright-red anchialine shrimps in Tiniguiban Islet in the western Visayas region of the Philippines. A second epigeal anchialine pool was discovered in nearby Hinlaran Islet, and two shrimp species were recorded in the pools, the large barbouriid Parhippolyte uveaeBorradaile, 1900 as previously reported and a much smaller atyid Antecaridina lauensis (Edmondson, 1935). The shrimps move in and out of the pools with tidal fluctuations, since both pools completely dry out at low tide. The shrimps remain very abundant in Tiniguiban despite extensive modifications made by its owners and an apparent decrease in dissolved oxygen levels. Magico-religious beliefs regarding these unusual red shrimps persist, yet a subtle shift in values is noted, particularly with the growing popularity of the Tiniguiban pool with local tourists. Further modernization and coastal development may rapidly threaten these rare shrimp populations. Our study provides baseline data for systematic study and future protection of these rare pools and their shrimps that uniquely dwell at the interface of cave and marine habitats.
Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of Methoprene-Tolerant (Met) and Krüppel-Homolog 1 (Kr-h1) in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Han Hui , Feng ZhaoYang , Han ShiPeng , Chen Jie , Wang Da , He YunZhuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a key role in regulating insect reproductive processes. Methoprene-tolerant (Met), as a putative JH receptor, transduces JH signals by activating the transcription factor krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). To understand the effects of Met and Kr-h1 genes on female reproduction of natural enemy insects, the Met and Kr-h1 were identified and analyzed from Harmonia axyridis Pallas (HmMet and HmKr-h1). The HmMet protein belonged to the bHLH-PAS family with bHLH domain, PAS domains, and PAC domain. HmMet mRNA was detected in all developmental stages, and the highest expression was found in the ovaries of female adults. The HmKr-h1 protein had eight C2H2-type zinc finger domains. HmKr-h1 mRNA was highly expressed from day 7 to day 9 of female adults. The tissue expression showed that HmKr-h1 was highly expressed in its wing, leg, and fat body. Knockdown of HmMet and HmKr-h1 substantially reduced the transcription of HmVg1 and HmVg2, inhibited yolk protein deposition, and reduced fecundity using RNA interference. In addition, the preoviposition period was significantly prolonged after dsMet-injection, but there was no significant difference after dsKr-h1-silencing. However, the effect on hatchability results was the opposite. Therefore, we infer that both HmMet and HmKr-h1 are involved in female reproduction of H. axyridis, and their specific functions are different in certain physiological processes. In several continents, H. axyridis are not only beneficial insects, but also invasive pests. This report will provide basis for applying or controlling the H. axyridis.