bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Türkiye'de İller Arası Göçün Mekansal Etkileri
Authors: Elmalı Kübra 
Published: April 2021

Göç bölgelerin nüfus yapısını değiştiren önemli bir olgudur. Bireylerin tanıdık yaşam çevrelerini ve kültürel çevrelerini terk etmeleri ve alışık olmadıkları bölgelere taşınmaları toplum üzerinde bir etki yaratır. Bu nedenle 19. yüzyıldan itibaren göçün nedenleri, sonuçları ve yönü hakkında pek çok araştırma yapılmıştır. İller arası göç dağılımının Türkiye için araştırıldığı bu çalışmada il bazında göç verileri esas alınarak iktisadi ve demografik değişkenlerin etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Mekânsal analizin, mekânsal bağlantılar ile karakterize edilen coğrafi alan sınırları içinde daha doğru tespitler yaptığına inanılmaktadır. Model tahmininde mekânsal gecikmeli, mekânsal hata ve mekânsal Durbin modelleri maksimum olabilirlik (ML) yöntemi ile tahmin edilmiştir. Uygun modelin belirlenmesinde Wald testi tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda bir ilin işgücünde, bebek ölüm oranında ve öğrenci sayısında meydana gelecek değişim ilin aldığı göçü artırmış ya da verdiği göçü azaltmış olacağından net göç üzerinde etkili olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu ilin komşuluğunda yer alan illerindeki işgücü, nüfus ve üniversite öğrencisi değişkenlerinin, ters yönde % 1'lik önem düzeyinde göç ile anlamlı bir ilişki içinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Bakım Hizmetlerinde Çalışan Kadın Göçmenler: İzmir Kenti Örneği
Authors: Kamış Aykaç Hatice Begüm , Özözen Kahraman Selver 
Published: April 2021

1991 yılında Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) dağılmasıyla birlikte serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçen ülkelerde ekonomik uyum problemlerine bağlı olarak büyük bir işsiz sınıf meydana gelmiştir. Özellikle özelleştirmeler ve düşük ücret politikaları bu ülkelerde kadın işsizliğini artırmıştır. Kendi ülkelerinde işsiz kalan kadınlar bir başka ülkede yine toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine dayalı işlerde çalışmak için göç hareketine katılmışlardır. 1980’li yıllardaürkiye’nin serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçişiyle birlikte kadınlar iş hayatında etkin rol üstlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu durumun sonucunda özellikle kentlerde cinsiyetçi bakış açısıyla kadınların görevi olarak atfedilen çocuk, yaşlı ve hasta bakımı ile ev içi hizmetleri devredebilecekleri yeni çözüm arayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de yaşlı nüfus ve kadın istihdam oranlarındaki artış sonucunda kadınlara yüklenen çeşitli ev içi ve bakım hizmetleri özellikle eski SSCB ülkelerinden gelen göçmen kadınlara devredilmeye başlamıştır. Bu araştırma kapsamında Özbekistan, Gürcistan, Türkmenistan ve Azerbaycan’dan İzmir’e gelen8 kadın göçmenle derinlemesine ve yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Gömülü teori yaklaşımıyla göçmen kadınların göç süreçleri, geldikleri ülke ve donanımlarına göre tercih etme ve edilme durumlarında etkili olan faktörler incelenmiştir. Bu göç hareketinin mekânsal örüntüleri ve bu kadınların taşıdığı “göçmen, hizmetçi, bakıcı ve kadın” kimliklerinin, çalışma ve yaşam koşullarında yarattığı avantajlar ve dezavantajlar ile karşılaştıkları zorluklarla ile baş etme yolları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Göçle İlgili Planlama ve Kapsayıcı Politikaların Üretilmesinde İstanbul'daki Yerel Yönetimlerin Rolü - İBB Deneyimi
Authors: Bostancı Papatya , Durmaz Ezgi 
Published: April 2021

Son yıllarda çoğunluğu büyük kentlerde yaşayan göçmen ve mültecilere atfedilen sorunlar, kente dair sorunlarla iç içe geçmekte ve yerel politikaların başlıca aktörü olan belediyelere bu alanda bir politika üretme ihtiyacı doğurmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de en fazla sayıda göçmen ve mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan İstanbul’da, belediyelerin göç alanında gerçekleştirdikleri çalışmalar ve göç yönetişimine dahil olma biçimleri incelenerek, göçle ilgili planlama ve kapsayıcı politikaların üretilmesinde yerel yönetimlerin rolü tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda İstanbul’un ilçe belediyelerinin kentte yaşayan göçmen ve mültecilere hizmet sağlamak konusundaki tutumları değerlendirilerek yeni yönetim döneminde bir dönüşüm içerisinde olan İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (İBB)’nin ortaya koyduğu göç politikası ve uygulamadaki örnekler kapsayıcılık temelinde ele alınmıştır.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH
Title of the paper
Sasas
Improving the diagnosis of X-linked hypophosphatemia: recommendations to optimize diagnostic flow and clinician/geneticist cooperation in the Italian clinical practice
Authors: Agolini Emanuele , Chimenz Roberto , Fintini Danilo , Guarnieri Vito , Guazzarotti Laura , Mora Stefano , Salviati Leonardo , Weber Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To provide Italian expert opinion-based practical recommendations to improve the cooperation between clinicians and geneticists in order to optimize diagnostic flow and care of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).
Methods: A panel of four geneticists and four clinicians from Italian reference centers for the diagnosis and management of XLH met virtually, first to highlight the critical issues in patient care and then to identify and share proposals to improve the diagnostic and care path of XLH.
Results: Critical issues emerged regarding the transfer of adequate clinical information from clinicians to geneticists, standardization and clarity of genetic reporting, and adequate interactions between clinicians and geneticists during patients’ follow-up. The necessary requirements for an appropriate request for evaluation of genetic variants and the need for a clear and clinically useful genetic report were agreed upon. Specifically designed template forms to be adopted with appropriate adjustments were defined and are here proposed for both the clinician’s request and the geneticist’s report.
Conclusions: The expert group strongly believes that collaboration between clinicians and geneticists should be encouraged in XLH, not only in the diagnostic phase but also during a patient’s follow-up, in order to manage patients more comprehensively and effectively.
Sık Karşılaşılan Kemik Mineral Yoğunluk Ölçümü (DXA: Dual X-ray Absorbsiyometri) Hataları: Tek Merkezli, Retrospektif Kesitsel Çalışma
Authors: BAĞÇACI Sinan , UĞURLU İbrahim 
Published: April 2021

ÖZET
AMAÇ: Tek merkezli retrospektif ve kesitsel olarak yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı; merkezimizde yaygın yapılan DXA çekim hatalarının tanımlanması, bu sayede standardizasyon ve operatör eğitimine katkı sunmaktır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: DXA ölçümlerinde lomber ve proksimal femur ölçümleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. Ön kol ölçümü, total vücut ölçümü ve çocuklarda yapılan ölçümler çalışmaya alınmamıştır. Lomber ve kalça ölçümlerine ait DXA hataları ayrı ayrı tanımlanarak kaydedildi.
BULGULAR: 762 DXA ölçümü değerlendirildi. Değerlendirme sonucunda, 616 DXA çekiminde hatalı ölçüm tespit edildi. Bu hataların 374’ü proksimal femur ölçümünde, 242 tanesi ise lomber omurga ölçümünde tespit edildi.
SONUÇ: Tek merkezli retrospektif ve kesitsel olarak yapılan bu çalışma ile; merkezimizde yaygın olarak DXA çekim hataları yapıldığı ve bu durumun düzeltilmesi için standardizasyon, operatör eğitimi ve analiz bilgisi verilmesi gerektiği ortaya konulmuştur.
Lymphocyte Non-Specific Function Detection Facilitating the Stratification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Luo Ying , Xue Ying , Cai Yimin , Lin Qun , Tang Guoxing , Song Huijuan , Liu Wei , Mao Liyan , Yuan Xu , Zhou Yu , Liu Weiyong , Wu Shiji , Sun Ziyong , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInadequate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, especially for discrimination between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI), are major hurdle in the reduction of the disease burden. The present study aims to investigate the role of lymphocyte non-specific function detection for TB diagnosis in clinical practice.MethodsA total of 208 participants including 49 ATB patients, 64 LTBI individuals, and 95 healthy controls were recruited at Tongji hospital from January 2019 to October 2020. All subjects were tested with lymphocyte non-specific function detection and T-SPOT assay.ResultsSignificantly positive correlation existed between lymphocyte non-specific function and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) spot number. CD4+ T cell non-specific function showed the potential for differentiating patients with negative T-SPOT results from those with positive T-SPOT results with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.732 (95% CI, 0.572-0.893). The non-specific function of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells was found significantly lower in ATB patients than in LTBI individuals. The AUCs presented by CD4+ T cell non-specific function, CD8+ T cell non-specific function, and NK cell non-specific function for discriminating ATB patients from LTBI individuals were 0.845 (95% CI, 0.767-0.925), 0.770 (95% CI, 0.683-0.857), and 0.691 (95% CI, 0.593-0.789), respectively. Application of multivariable logistic regression resulted in the combination of CD4+ T cell non-specific function, NK cell non-specific function, and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) spot number as the optimally diagnostic model for differentiating ATB from LTBI. The AUC of the model in distinguishing between ATB and LTBI was 0.939 (95% CI, 0.898-0.981). The sensitivity and specificity were 83.67% (95% CI, 70.96%-91.49%) and 90.63% (95% CI, 81.02%-95.63%) with the threshold as 0.57. Our established model showed superior performance to TB-specific antigen (TBAg)/PHA ratio in stratifying TB infection status.ConclusionsLymphocyte non-specific function detection offers an attractive alternative to facilitate TB diagnosis. The three-index diagnostic model was proved to be a potent tool for the identification of different events involved in TB infection, which is helpful for the treatment and management of patients.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Cabozantinib Inhibits Murine Renal Cancer by Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Sun Shishuo , Wang Gang , Lu Mengmeng , Zhang Xiaokang , Wei Xiaohuan , Gao Xiaoge , Huang Chao , Li Zhen , Zheng Junnian , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAdvanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a very dismal prognosis. Cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of advanced RCC. However, the impact of cabozantinib on the immune microenvironment of RCC remains poorly understood.MethodsKaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to examine the correlation between intratumor infiltration of neutrophils and patient prognosis in RCC. Infiltration and effector function of neutrophils and T cells in response to cabozantinib treatment were investigated in a murine RCC model.ResultsA retrospective study of 307 RCC patients indicated that neutrophils were recruited into tumor tissues, and increased neutrophil infiltration was associated with improved clinical outcomes. In a murine model of RCC, cabozantinib treatment significantly increased both intratumor infiltration and anti-tumor function of neutrophils and T cells. Mechanistically, we found that cabozantinib treatment induced expression of neutrophil-related chemokines (CCL11 and CXCL12) and T cell-related chemokines (CCL8 and CX3CL1) in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, depletion of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells compromised the therapeutic efficacy of cabozantinib. Importantly, cabozantinib treatment induced long-term anti-tumor T cell response.ConclusionsOur study revealed novel mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of cabozantinib on RCC by activating both neutrophil-mediated innate immunity and T cell-mediated adaptive immunity. These findings are of great significance for guiding the clinical use of cabozantinib and provide a good candidate for future combination therapy with T-cell therapies or other immunotherapies.
The Sniffing Kidney: Roles for Renal Olfactory Receptors in Health and Disease
Authors: Shepard Blythe D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent the largest gene family in the human genome. Despite their name, functions exist for these receptors outside of the nose. Among the tissues known to take advantage of OR signaling is the kidney. From mouse to man, the list of renal ORs continues to expand, and they have now been linked to a variety of processes involved in the maintenance of renal homeostasis, including the modulation of blood pressure, response to acidemia, and the development of diabetes. In this review, we highlight the recent progress made on the growing appreciation for renal ORs in physiology and pathophysiology.
Attribute salience (Public Diplomacy) (see also issue attributes)
Authors: Marschlich Sarah 
Published: April 2021

The variable “attribute salience” is described as the characteristics of a given issue that is portrayed in media coverage or other communication channels. It is generally measured in addition to issue salience and issue valence in order to analyze media portrayals of events, actors, or public discourses. Attribute salience is often measured in order to explore how particular issues are presented (instead of which in general), thereby contributing to second-level agenda-setting effects (McCombs et al., 1997).

Field of application/theoretical foundation:
Attribute salience is analyzed across different subfields of communication and media research, including the field of public diplomacy. In public diplomacy research, scholars measure attribute salience in the context of political communication or the representation of countries in the news media as well as on social media. Researchers embed the concept of attribute salience or issue attributes mainly in agenda-setting theory (McCombs & Shaw, 1972), analyzing it as an independent variable to derive with implications of news media coverage on audiences’ evaluations of certain issues.

References/combination with other methods of data collection:
When it comes to analyses on attribute salience in the context of issues and its link to public perceptions, a mixed-method study design incorporating content analysis in combination with surveys is used to validate attribute salience.

Example study:
Zhang et al. (2018)

Information on Zhang et al., 2018
Authors: Zhang et al.
Research question/reseach interest: Effects of agenda-building of Chinese state-sponsored media on news media coverage in Taiwan and Singapore during Hong Kong Protest
Object of analysis: Newspaper (several English newspapers and newswires published in China, Singapore, and Taiwan; not explicated)
Time frame of analysis: 1 May 2014 to 30 April 2015

Information about Variable
Level of analysis: Articel
Values:
(1) Substantive issue attributes (frame):
(a) Conflict
(b) Cooperation
(c) Problem definition
(d) Proposed solution to the problem
(e) Responsibility attribution
(f) Human interest
(g) Consequences and outcomes
(h) Morality and motivation to take actions

(2) Affective issue attributes (tone):
(a) Negative
(b) Neutral or mixed
(c) Positive
(d) N/A.
Scales: Nominal
Reliability: Cohen‘s kapp = 0.76

References
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176–187.
McCombs, M. E., Llamas, J. P., Lopez-Escobar, E., & Rey, F. (1997). Candidate Images in Spanish Elections: Second-Level Agenda-Setting Effects. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(4), 703–717.
Zhang, T., Khalitova, L., Myslik, B., Mohr, T. L., Kim, J. Y., & Kiousis, S. (2018). Comparing Chinese state-sponsored media’s agenda-building influence on Taiwan and Singapore media during the 2014 Hong Kong Protest. Chinese Journal of Communication, 11(1), 66–87.
Determination of Mg acceptor concentration in GaN through photoluminescence
Authors: Omori Masato , Miyazaki Taisei , Watanabe Kenta , Shiraishi Maito , Wada Ryusei , Okawa Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Herein, we report on a photoluminescence (PL) method for evaluating the Mg acceptor concentration in GaN, which has thus far been difficult and costly to determine using conventional electrical methods. The proposed method is based on the intensity ratio between the acceptor bound exciton emission and free exciton emission in the PL spectra of GaN. The calibration curve for the Mg acceptor concentration ranging from 6.4 × 1016 to 1.2 × 1018 cm−3 was obtained from the concentration dependence of the PL spectra recorded at 40 K. Furthermore, the detection limit of the Mg acceptor concentration from this method was estimated to be approximately 1010 cm−3. Results indicate that our method enables the unambiguous, simple, low-cost, and nondestructive quantification of the Mg acceptor concentration of p-type GaN, which is important in power device applications.
MIXED CHARACTERISTIC OF S-PARAMETERS OF DIFFERENTIAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Глотова Т.С. , Журавлёв Д.В. , Глотов В.В. 
Published: April 2021

Различные типы СВЧ-устройств можно описать с помощью падающих и отражённых волн, которые распространяются в подключенных к ним линиях передач. Связь между этими волнами описывается волновой матрицей рассеяния или матрицей s-параметров. Оценка дифференциальных структур необходима для обеспечения оптимальных характеристик схемы. Комбинированные дифференциальные и синфазные (смешанные) параметры рассеяния (s-параметры) хорошо адаптированы для точных измерений линейных сетей на радиочастотах. Представлено преобразование между стандартными s-параметрами и s-параметрами смешанного режима, также описано графическое сравнение графиков стандартных и смешанных потерь s-параметра. S-параметры смешанного режима, полученные с помощью описанного метода, имеют хорошее согласие для возбудителя и реакции с одним и тем же режимом (общий или дифференциальный) и небольшую вариацию с разными режимами. Была изготовлена дифференциальная структура, которая измеряется с помощью двухпортового векторного анализатора цепей и четырехпортового анализатора цепей смешанного режима. Для прогнозирования поведения параметров смешанного режима с использованием традиционного двухпортового векторного анализатора цепей можно применить метод преобразования режимов, однако четырехпортовый анализатор цепей смешанного режима по-прежнему необходим для точного измерения влияния режима преобразования в реальные интегрированные дифференциальные тестовые структуры
Various types of microwave devices can be described using incident and reflected waves that propagate in the transmission lines connected to them. The relationship between these waves is described by the scattering wave matrix or the S-parameter matrix. Evaluation of differential structures is necessary to ensure optimal circuit performance. The combined differential and common-mode (mixed) scatter parameters (s-parameters) are well suited for accurate measurements of linear networks at radio frequencies. We present the transformation between standard s-parameters and mixed-mode s-parameters, and a graphical comparison of graphs of standard and mixed s-parameter losses is also described. S-parameters of the mixed mode, obtained using the described method, have good agreement for the pathogen and the reaction with the same mode (general or differential) and little variation with different modes. We fabricated and measured a differential structure with a two-port vector network analyzer and a four-port mixed-mode network analyzer. Mode conversion can be used to predict the behavior of mixed-mode parameters using a traditional 2-port vector network analyzer, but a four-port mixed-mode network analyzer is still required to accurately measure the effect of conversion mode on real integrated differential test structures
ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN POLYMORBID PATHOLOGY
Authors: Романова Марина Михайловна , Чернов Алексей Викторович , Борисова Елена Альбертовна , Панина Ирина Леонидовна 
Published: April 2021

Хронические неинфекционные заболевания представляют наиболее большую группу болезней современного человека, вносят наибольший вклад в общую смертность, инвалидизацию населения. Коморбидная и полиморбидная патология занимает особое место в научной медицине и практическом здравоохранении и нуждается в дальнейшем всестороннем изучении. Статья посвящена изучению и анализу распространенности нарушений метаболизма, нутритивного статуса и факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний у больных с коморбидной и полиморбидной соматической патологией. Применялись методы анкетирования с помощью специальных опросников, комплексная методика оценки пищевого статуса, статистические методы обработки полученных данных с применением компьютерных программ. В выборке пациентов с коморбидными хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями наблюдалась высокая распространенность нарушений нутритивного статуса, метаболизма, факторов риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний. При наличии полиморбидности изменения были достоверно более выражены. Выявлены тесные корреляционные связи между отдельными изучаемыми параметрами. Результаты исследования следует учитывать при проведении дальнейших научных исследований, а также в практической медицине рамках трехуровневой и трехэтапной системы организации отечественного здравоохранения, в том числе при оказании медицинской помощи по медицинской реабилитации
Chronic non-communicable diseases represent the largest group of diseases of modern man, make the greatest contribution to the overall mortality and disability of the population. Comorbid and polymorbid pathology occupies a special place in scientific medicine and practical health care and needs further comprehensive study. The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the prevalence of metabolic disorders, nutritional status and risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in patients with comorbid and polymorbid somatic pathology. We used survey methods using special questionnaires, a comprehensive method for assessing nutritional status, and statistical methods for processing the data obtained using computer programs. In the sample of patients with comorbid chronic non-communicable diseases, there was a high prevalence of violations of nutritional status, metabolism, and risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. In the presence of polymorbidity, the changes were significantly more pronounced. Close correlations between the individual parameters studied were revealed. The results of the study should be taken into account when conducting further scientific research, as well as in practical medicine within the framework of a three-level and three-stage system of organizing national health care, including when providing medical care for medical rehabilitation