bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of transformation initiatives implementing organisational agility: an empirical study
Authors: Kovynyov Ivan , Buerck Axel , Mikut Ralf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study uses 125 responses from companies of all sizes predominantly headquartered in Germany, Switzerland, France and UK to reveal perceptions of the drivers of organisational agility. It further investigates current understanding of managing principles of multiple organisational dimensions such as culture, values, leadership, organisational structure, processes and others to achieve greater organisational agility. The data set is disaggregated into four major profiles of agile organisations: laggards, execution specialists, experimenters, and leaders. The approach to agile transformation is analysed by each of those profiles. While the positive effect from a more holistic approach is confirmed, leaders tend to focus more on processes and products rather than project work. Respondents perceive that IT, product development and research are most agile functions within their organisations, while human resources, finance and administration are considered being not agile. Furthermore, organisations with higher levels of organisational agility tend to use more than one agile scaling framework. Implications on theories of agile transformations and organisational design are discussed.
A Southern-Hemisphere all-sky radio transient monitor for SKA-Low prototype stations
Authors: Sokolowski M. , Wayth R. B. , Bhat N. D. R. , Price D. , Broderick J. W. , Bernardi G. , Bolli P. , Chiello R. , Comoretto G. , Crosse B. , Davidson D. B. , Macario G. , Magro A. , Mattana A. , Minchin D. , McPhail A. , Monari J. , Perini F. , Pupillo G. , Sleap G. , Tingay S. , Ung D. , Williams A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present the first Southern-Hemisphere all-sky imager and radio-transient monitoring system implemented on two prototype stations of the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low). Since its deployment, the system has been used for real-time monitoring of the recorded commissioning data. Additionally, a transient searching algorithm has been executed on the resulting all-sky images. It uses a difference imaging technique to enable identification of a wide variety of transient classes, ranging from human-made radio-frequency interference to genuine astrophysical events. Observations at the frequency 159.375 MHz and higher in a single coarse channel ($\approx$0.926 MHz) were made with 2 s time resolution, and multiple nights were analysed generating thousands of images. Despite having modest sensitivity ($\sim$few Jy beam–1), using a single coarse channel and 2-s imaging, the system was able to detect multiple bright transients from PSR B0950+08, proving that it can be used to detect bright transients of an astrophysical origin. The unusual, extreme activity of the pulsar PSR B0950+08 (maximum flux density$\sim$155 Jy beam–1) was initially detected in a ‘blind’ search in the 2020 April 10/11 data and later assigned to this specific pulsar. The limitations of our data, however, prevent us from making firm conclusions of the effect being due to a combination of refractive and diffractive scintillation or intrinsic emission mechanisms. The system can routinely collect data over many days without interruptions; the large amount of recorded data at 159.375 and 229.6875 MHz allowed us to determine a preliminary transient surface density upper limit of$1.32 \times 10^{-9} \text{deg}^{-2}$for a timescale and limiting flux density of 2 s and 42 Jy, respectively. In the future, we plan to extend the observing bandwidth to tens of MHz and improve time resolution to tens of milliseconds in order to increase the sensitivity and enable detections of fast radio bursts below 300 MHz.
Mulberry leaf activates brown adipose tissue and induces browning of inguinal white adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats through regulating AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
Authors: Cheng Long , Wang Jingkang , An Yongcheng , Dai Hongyu , Duan Yuhui , Shi Lu , Lv Yinglan , Li Huimin , Wang Chen , Du Haifeng , Zhong Xiaoqing , Zhao Baosheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly affects human health worldwide. Activation of brown adipocytes and browning of white adipocytes are considered as a promising molecular target for T2DM treatment. Mulberry leaf, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to have multi-biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Our experimental results showed that mulberry leaf significantly alleviated the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats. In addition, mulberry leaf induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) by enhancing the expressions of brown-mark genes as well as beige-specific genes, including uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein 16 (PRDM16), cell death inducing DFFA-like effector A (Cidea), CD137 and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26). Mulberry leaf also activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expressions of brown-mark genes including UCP1, PGC-1α, PPARα, PRDM16 and Cidea. Moreover, mulberry leaf enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis in IWAT and BAT. Importantly, mulberry leaf also increased the expression of UCP1 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) proteins in both IWAT and BAT via a mechanism involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1α pathway. In conclusion, our findings identify the role of mulberry leaf in inducing adipose browning, indicating that mulberry leaf may be used as a candidate browning agent for the treatment of T2DM.
Minimal changes in telomere length after a 12-week dietary intervention with almonds in mid-age to older, overweight and obese Australians: results of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ward Susan J. , Hill Alison M. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Banks Siobhan , Dhillon Varinderpal S. , Holman Stacey L. , Morrison Janna L. , Coates Alison M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiet is a modifiable risk factor for chronic disease and a potential modulator of telomere length (TL). The study aim was to investigate associations between diet quality and TL in Australian adults after a 12-week dietary intervention with an almond-enriched diet (AED). Participants (overweight/obese, 50–80 years) were randomised to an AED (n62) or isoenergetic nut-free diet (NFD,n62) for 12 weeks. Diet quality was assessed using a Dietary Guideline Index (DGI), applied to weighed food records, that consists of ten components reflecting adequacy, variety and quality of core food components and discretionary choices within the diet. TL was measured by quantitative PCR in samples of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and whole blood. There were no significant associations between DGI scores and TL at baseline. Diet quality improved with AED and decreased with NFD after 12 weeks (change from baseline AED + 9·8 %, NFD − 14·3 %;P< 0·001). TL increased in neutrophils (+9·6 bp,P= 0·009) and decreased in whole blood, to a trivial extent (–12·1 bp,P= 0·001), and was unchanged in lymphocytes. Changes did not differ between intervention groups. There were no significant relationships between changes in diet quality scores and changes in lymphocyte, neutrophil or whole blood TL. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improved diet quality scores but had no impact on TL mid-age to older Australian adults. Future studies should investigate the impact of more substantial dietary changes over longer periods of time.
Beyond behaviorism, positivism, and neo-institutionalism in economics: a conversation with Deirdre Nansen McCloskey
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre Nansen , Silvestri Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilvestri interviews McCloskey about her forthcoming book, ‘Beyond Behaviorism, Positivism, and Neo-Institutionalism in Economics’, critical of recent economics, especially of neo-institutionalism. Neo-institutionalism uses the ugly character ‘Herr Max U’ as its central idea: the elevation of Prudence to the only virtue. Institutions are mainly intermediate, not ultimate, causes in society. Ethics, rhetoric, identity, ideology, and ideas matter. McCloskey's turn to defending liberalism is in the background of her critique of behaviorism, positivism, and neo-institutionalism as anti-liberal, reducing the analysis of people to a model of childish slaves. Liberalism is the theory of non-slave adults. Of the big ideas of the past few centuries, only liberalism treats people with suitable dignity, and permits them to have a go, and make others rich. Neo-institutionalism shares the two sins of modern Samuelsonian economics: a devotion of mere existence proofs; and a deviation to arbitrary tests of statistical ‘significance’. And in its tale of a rise of ‘capitalism’, it shares the errors of amateur economic history. The better word for the modern economic world of the Great Enrichment – fully 3,000% increases in real income per person – is ‘innovism’. Neo-institutionalism, as the method of historical economics, must be replaced by ‘Humanomics’.
Supraphysiological estradiol levels on the hCG trigger day are associated with SGA for singletons born from fresh embryo transfer
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Du Mingze , Sun Lijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effects of supraphysiological estradiol (E2) on neonatal outcomes and the significance of specific E2 concentrations remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether supraphysiological E2 levels on the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger day are associated with small size for gestational age (SGA) in singletons born from fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles. Patients with singleton pregnancies who delivered after the transfer of fresh embryos, during the period from July 2012 to December 2017, at our center were included. We excluded cycles involving a vanishing twin, maternal age >35 years, basal follicle-stimulating hormone ≥10 mIU/ml, or anti-Müllerian hormone ≤1 ng/ml. We then divided all cycles into five groups by E2 level on trigger day: group A, <2000 pg/ml (reference group); group B, 2000 pg/ml≤E2<2999 pg/ml; group C, 3000 pg/ml≤E2<3999 pg/ml; group D, 4000 pg/ml≤E2<4999 pg/ml; and group E, ≥5000 pg/ml. The prevalence of SGA among singletons from fresh ET was the primary outcome. The SGA rate significantly increased when the E2 level was ≥4000 pg/ml, as observed by comparing groups D (odds ratio [OR]: 1·79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·16–2·76, P = 0·01) and E (OR: 1·68, 95% CI: 1·10–2·56, P = 0·02) with the reference group. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a serum E2 level of at least 4000 pg/ml on the hCG trigger day was associated with increased SGA and with significant differences for groups D (adjusted OR [AOR]: 1·65, 95% CI: 1·05–2·59, P = 0·03) and E (AOR: 1·60, 95% CI: 1·03–2·53, P = 0·04) relative to the reference group. In conclusion, in fresh ET cycles, the supraphysiological E2 ≥4000 pg/ml on the hCG trigger day increases the risk of SGA.
Lightning Enhancement in Moist Convection With Smoke‐Laden Air Advected From Australian Wildfires
Authors: Liu Y. , Williams E. , Li Z. , Guha A. , Lapierre J. , Stock M. , Heckman S. , Zhang Y. , DiGangi E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2019–2020 Australian wildfire crisis broke the historical bushfire record and heavily contaminated the continental and offshore atmosphere. This study found that lightning strokes increase considerably, by 73% over land and 270% over ocean, during the wildfire season. Thermodynamic parameters support a weaker forcing, unfavorable for frequent lightning activity over ocean. Clear augmentation of smaller cloud ice particles is identified with aerosol, while cloud liquid water path changes are feeble over ocean. Added aerosol invigorates positive intra‐cloud (IC) strokes and negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) strokes in moist oceanic convection and facilitates a noticeable positive correlation between precipitation and lightning strokes. Rainfall events accompanied by lightning increase by 240% with added aerosol. Aerosol advected from land to ocean can lead to a larger hydrometeor concentration and smaller‐size ice crystals above the freezing level and thereby, invigorate convective strength systematically to stimulate more frequent and more robust mixed‐phase development, energizing the lightning discharge process.
Frictional Segmentation of the Chilean Megathrust From a Multivariate Analysis of Geophysical, Geological, and Geodetic Data
Authors: Molina Diego , Tassara Andrés , Abarca Rodrigo , Melnick Daniel , Madella Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a formal seismic segmentation model of the Chile Margin derived from a multivariate analysis of gravity anomalies, basal friction and interplate locking from GPS velocities. These independent proxies of the frictional structure along the megathrust integrate over timescales of 101–107 years. We analyze their covariance using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and extracting the Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) and Principal Components (PCs). We find that (a) the first and first + second PCA modes for the triple combination of the proxies explain (respectively) 41.4% and 69.4% of the total variance and (b) the first‐order spatial pattern of each isolated proxy is largely reproduced when it is combined with the other two proxies. This suggests that the three proxies share a first order along‐trench tendency that must be connected through a common physical process. Comparing our results with rupture areas of earthquakes and using the rate‐and‐state friction theory, we infer that trench‐perpendicular PCs reflect the limits of the velocity‐weakening (VW) seismogenic zone. Polarity changes in along‐trench EOFs (mostly for gravity) mark changes between unstable and conditionally stable frictional regimes inside the VW zone and we used them to define the boundaries of 17 unitary segments. These segments correlate with first‐order tectonic features of the Andes at >103‐km scales as well as with zones of multi‐segment ruptures at 102‐km scale. We analyze the combined influence of subducting and upper‐plate geologic features on the nature of persistent seismic barriers. Our results have implications for understanding seismotectonic processes along the Andean margin and elsewhere.
The Effect of Depth‐Dependent Stress in Controlling Free‐Surface‐Induced Supershear Rupture on Strike‐Slip Faults
Authors: Hu Feng , Oglesby David D. , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSupershear rupture is crucial in determining ground motion characteristics and its various transition mechanisms is in key connection with rupture dynamics, geometrical complexities and stress heterogeneities. Using 3D dynamic rupture models with numerous depth‐dependent stress regimes, we show that depth‐dependent stress plays a major role in controlling the occurrence of free‐surface‐induced (FSI) supershear ruptures. The effect of stress gradient, initial normal stress at the free surface, fault width and critical depth of depth‐dependent stress regime are examined. The 2D tangent rupture velocity distributions show that generation of a sustained FSI supershear rupture prefers a larger stress gradient and initial normal stress at the free surface. The truncation of fault width could transit the rupture to a sub‐Rayleigh rupture. We propose a dimensionless stress parameter representing a measure of the overall level of depth‐dependence in the initial normal stress, and a larger moment magnitude is more likely to trigger a sustained FSI supershear rupture. By comparing the near‐field ground motions, three distinct ground motion characteristics are presented using the sustainability of Mach fronts and displacement polarization. This work helps to understand the occurrence of FSI supershear ruptures and its relationship with underground depth‐dependent stresses.
Air Pollution Zone Migrates South Driven by East Asian Winter Monsoon and Climate Change
Authors: Zhao Shuyu , Feng Tian , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui , Cao Junji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA variety of climatological indices have been established to illustrate the impact of climate change on air pollution in China, but major facts for causing variations of air pollution attributed to climate change are still unclear. Here, using in‐situ PM2.5 (particles with the aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) measurement, atmospheric reanalysis data and a chemical transport model, we show that meridional distribution of PM2.5 loadings is strongly modulated by the intensity of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The EAWM drives the heavily polluted zone in eastern China to migrate southward, i.e., under stronger EAWM, more southward migration of air pollution occurs. We expect that the migration will likely re‐distribute carbon sources‐ and sinks‐related ecosystem, posing a new challenge for the Chinese government, who needs to implement region‐different emission reduction plans in the future, to mitigate air pollution and to go carbon neutral.
Habit‐Dependent Vapor Growth Modulates Arctic Supercooled Water Occurrence
Authors: Silber Israel , McGlynn Paul S. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Verlinde Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present an analysis of long‐term data collected at Utqiaġvik, Alaska, to explore the impacts of cloud processes on the probability of finding supercooled water given cloud temperature, P(L|T), in the topmost unseeded liquid‐bearing layers. P(L|T) has local minima at temperatures around −6°C and −15°C. Simulations using habit‐evolving ice microphysics models suggest that these minima are the result of efficient vapor growth by non‐isometric habits found at these temperatures. We conclude that habit‐dependent vapor growth of ice crystals modulates the macrophysical occurrence of supercooled water in polar clouds, the effect of which should be included in model parametrizations to avoid biases and/or error compensation. Our methodology is adaptable for spherical ice treatments implemented in models (example parametrizations provided), amenable for use with satellite measurements to give global impartial observational targets for model evaluations, and may allow empirical characterization of bulk responses to seeding and possibly secondary ice effects.
Disrupted Stratospheric QBO Signatures in the Diurnal Tides Over the Low‐Latitude MLT Region
Authors: Pramitha M. , Kishore Kumar K. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Praveen M. , Rao S. Vijaya Bhaskara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeteor radar measurements of winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) over Tirupati (13.63°N, 79.4°E; 2013–2020) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of ozone are used for investigating the effect of the disrupted stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (SQBO) during the year 2016 on the diurnal tides. The positive tidal perturbations are observed during positive perturbations of ozone and eastward phase of the SQBO and vice versa. These observations are well captured by the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD‐WACCM) simulations. The results suggest that the ozone and wind perturbations in the stratosphere induced by the sudden phase transition in the SQBO winds are the potential candidates for the observed abrupt changes in the diurnal tide amplitudes in the MLT region. The SQBO disruption thus provided an opportunity to seek further insights into the pathways through which the lower atmosphere influence the middle and upper atmosphere.
Multiscale Nature of the Magnetotail Reconnection Onset
Authors: Sitnov M. I. , Motoba T. , Swisdak M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMining of substorm magnetic field data reveals the formation of two X‐lines preceded by the flux accumulation at the tailward end of a thin current sheet (TCS). Three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulations guided by these pre‐onset reconnection features are performed, taking also into account weak external driving, negative charging of TCS and domination of electrons as current carriers. Simulations reveal an interesting multiscale picture. On the global scale, they show the formation of two X‐lines, with stronger magnetic field variations and inhomogeneous electric fields found closer to Earth. The X‐line appearance is preceded by the formation of two diverging electron outflow regions embedded into a single diverging ion outflow pattern and transforming into faster electron‐scale reconnection jets after the onset. Distributions of the agyrotropy parameters suggest that reconnection is provided by ion and then electron demagnetization. The bulk flow and agyrotropy distributions are consistent with MMS observations.
Hydroxylation of Apollo 17 Soil Sample 78421 by Solar Wind Protons
Authors: McLain J. L. , Loeffler M. J. , Farrell W. M. , Honniball C. I. , Keller J. W. , Hudson R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydroxylation by solar wind protons has been simulated in our laboratory on Apollo 17 lunar sample 78421, a very mature regolith sample that is rich with agglutinates (68%). The goal of this study was to determine the rate of hydroxyl formation and their thermal stability by monitoring changes in the SiOH (hydroxyl) stretching band near 3 μm using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A 2 keV H2+ ion beam was used to simulate proton implantation on 78421 and on a crushed fused silica sample. We find that the OH band does not change unless the samples have been annealed in vacuum prior to irradiation. Qualitatively, the OH bands for the fused silica and 78421 are very different. The OH band for fused silica is centered at 2.74 μm and is relatively sharp ranging from 2.67 to 3.1 μm at full width at half maximum (FWHM), while the OH band for 78421 is centered at 3.0 μm and ranges from 2.74 to 3.37 μm at FWHM. The increase in wavelength and broadened nature of the OH band in 78421 may be associated with the OH’s proximity to surface defects and/or lattice vacancies. The lack of the H2O bending mode at 6.1 μm indicates that any adsorbed terrestrial H2O is below our detection limit, and therefore the H2O stretching mode at 2.9 μm is not significantly contributing to the broad 3 μm OH band and implies that proton implantation by itself does not lead to water formation. To simulate the maximum dayside temperature on the lunar surface, the lunar sample was heated after proton irradiation. The proton induced OH concentration was reduced by as much as 25% after heating to 400 K (127°C).