bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tangled finite element method for handling concave elements in quadrilateral meshes
Authors: Prabhune Bhagyashree , Sridhara Saketh , Suresh Krishnan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA fundamental requirement in standard finite element method (FEM) over four‐node quadrilateral meshes is that every element must be convex, else the results can be erroneous. A mesh containing concave element is said to be tangled, and tangling can occur, for example, during: mesh generation, mesh morphing, shape optimization, and/or large deformation simulation. The objective of this article is to introduce a tangled finite element method (TFEM) for handling concave elements in four‐node quadrilateral meshes. TFEM extends standard FEM through two concepts. First, the ambiguity of the field in the tangled region is resolved through a careful definition, and this naturally leads to certain correction terms in the FEM stiffness matrix. Second, an equality condition is imposed on the field at re‐entrant nodes of the concave elements. When the correction terms and equality conditions are included, we demonstrate that one can achieve accurate results, and optimal convergence, even over severely tangled meshes. The theoretical properties of the proposed TFEM are established, and the implementation, that requires minimal changes to standard FEM, is discussed in detail. Several numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the robustness of the proposed method.
The development of an international childhood cancer hospital register database in 13 African countries. A project of the French African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP)
Authors: Mallon Brenda , Kaboré Rolande , Couitchere Line , Akonde Fatou Binetou , Lukamba Robert , Dackono Tankélé Arsène , Narison Mbolanirina Lala Rakotomahefa , Khattab Mohammed , Pondy Angèle , Fedhila Ben Ayed Faten , Budiongo Aléine , Guedenon Koffi , Oberlin Odile , Patte Catherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and aim: The establishment of an international hospital‐based register (HBR) for the French African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP) was a necessary step in the group's clinical research program. With help from the Sanofi Espoir Foundation's “My Child Matters” program, the GFAOP resolved to develop an international HBR network to collect quality data on children attending the Pediatric Oncology Units (POUs).Methods: All children entering POUs from January 2016 to December 2018 were registered using an online questionnaire. Data collection included information on diagnosis, disease stage, demographics, socioeconomic status, and outcome. An intensive training program was developed to improve both data quality and quantity.Results: Among the 3348 children registered, 3230 had a suspected cancer, 681 were not confirmed. A diagnosis was confirmed on radiological, clinical, or histological examination for 2549 children including Burkitt lymphoma (516: 20%)—the most frequent diagnosis, Wilms’ tumor (459: 18%), retinoblastoma (357: 14%), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (345: 13%). Of these, 2187 children were treated. Early deaths, abandonment, economic difficulties, and lack of equipment were some of the reasons offered to explain the numbers of undiagnosed and untreated children. Vital status is known for 1994 children: 1187 died and 807 were alive, 551 of these with a follow‐up > 12 months.Conclusion: This work has provided reliable data on children attending the POUs, especially clarifying reasons and occasions for care rupture. The data will help to identify material, human resources, and staff training needs, to evaluate progress, and to encourage consideration of pediatric cancer in national cancer plans.
Validation of diagnosis codes to identify hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in health care claims data
Authors: Kluberg Sheryl A. , Hou Laura , Dutcher Sarah K. , Billings Monisha , Kit Brian , Toh Sengwee , Dublin Sascha , Haynes Kevin , Kline Annemarie , Maiyani Mahesh , Pawloski Pamala A. , Watson Eric S. , Cocoros Noelle M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHealth plan claims may provide complete longitudinal data for timely, real‐world population‐level COVID‐19 assessment. However, these data often lack laboratory results, the standard for COVID‐19 diagnosis.MethodsWe assessed the validity of ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes for identifying patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in U.S. claims databases, compared to linked laboratory results, among six Food and Drug Administration Sentinel System data partners (two large national insurers, four integrated delivery systems) from February 20–October 17, 2020. We identified patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 according to five ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis code‐based algorithms, which included combinations of codes U07.1, B97.29, general coronavirus codes, and diagnosis codes for severe symptoms. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity of each algorithm relative to laboratory test results. We stratified results by data source type and across three time periods: February 20–March 31 (Time A), April 1–30 (Time B), May 1–October 17 (Time C).ResultsThe five algorithms identified between 34 806 and 47 293 patients across the study periods; 23% with known laboratory results contributed to PPV calculations. PPVs were high and similar across algorithms. PPV of U07.1 alone was stable around 93% for integrated delivery systems, but declined over time from 93% to 70% among national insurers. Overall PPV of U07.1 across all data partners was 94.1% (95% CI, 92.3%–95.5%) in Time A and 81.2% (95% CI, 80.1%–82.2%) in Time C. Sensitivity was consistent across algorithms and over time, at 94.9% (95% CI, 94.2%–95.5%).ConclusionOur results support the use of code U07.1 to identify hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in U.S. claims data.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of polyamide‐66 composites with mesocarbon microbeads through simple melt blending
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Yang Yuhao , Li Mingpei , Zhu Kaiqi , Iqbal Zoya , Li Yulin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, composite samples were fabricated through melt blending with mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) and polyamide‐66 (PA66). Noteworthily, the thermal conductivity (TC) of the composites reached 1.51 W/m K with 60 wt% MCMBs, and the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PA66/MCMB composite were significantly improved. It was mainly due to the formation of heat transfer network at high filler content and their good dispersion in the matrix. The present work provided a new selection of thermally conductive fillers and expanded the application of MCMB in thermal management materials.
Preparation of porous PTFE/C composite foam and its application in gravity‐driven oil–water separation
Authors: Guo Xiaoming , Yao Yongyi , Zhu Puxin , Zhou Mi , Zhou Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPorous superhydrophobic filtration media with durable performance that can be used in harsh environments remain an urgent requirement. Here, we designed and prepared a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/C composite foam derived from PTFE/glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked poly(vinyl formal) foam via a method of low‐temperature in situ carbonization by the combination of sintering in nitrogen atmosphere and oxygen atmosphere. The as‐prepared porous PTFE/C composite foam had an interconnected macropore structure and wettability of superhydrophobicity. Meanwhile, the porous skeleton of the PTFE/C composite foam showed a skin–core microstructure with the functional skin layer of PTFE continuous phase and the support core of PTFE and carbon in situ composite phase. The PTFE functional layer was anchored to the support composite layer in a root‐like branching, which endows the porous PTFE/C composite foam with an extremely durable performance. In gravity‐driven oil–water separation, the porous PTFE/C composite foam achieved considerable oil flux (from 27 174 to 73 242 L h−1 m−2) and purity (as high as 99.83 wt%). Meanwhile, the porous PTFE/C composite foam presented resistance to strong acids, strong alkalis, chemical solvents and friction. Even after it had been mechanically damaged, the superhydrophobic properties of the foam were not degraded. The as‐prepared porous PTFE/C composite foam showed great potential in all kinds of harsh environments. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Highly conjugated isoindigo and quinoxaline dyes as sunlight photosensitizers for onium salt‐photoinitiated cationic polymerization of epoxy resins
Authors: Ercan Bahar T , Gultekin Sirin S , Yesil Tamer , Dincalp Haluk , Koyuncu Sermet , Yagci Yusuf , Zafer Ceylan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, photoinitiated cationic polymerization of epoxy resins by photoinduced electron transfer reactions using four new chromophoric dyes, namely (3E)‐1,1′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐6,6′‐dipyren‐1‐yl‐3,3′‐biindole‐2,2′(1H,1′H)‐dione (ISOIV), (3′E)‐1,1′′′‐diethyl‐1′,1′′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1H,1′′′H‐5,6′:3′,3′′:6′′,5′′′‐quaterindole‐2′,2′′(1′H,1′′H)‐dione (ISOV), (3E)‐6,6′‐bis(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐yl)‐1‐[(2R)‐2‐ethylhexyl]‐1′‐[(2S)‐2‐ethylhexyl]‐3,3′‐biindole‐2,2′(1H,1′H)‐dione (ISOVIII) and 3,3′‐(6‐bromokinoksalin‐2,3‐diyl)bis(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole) (TPDC6), and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6−; DPI) under sunlight is reported. Upon irradiation, photoexcited dye forms an exciplex with DPI. Electron transfer reactions within the exciplex result in the formation of ionic species capable of initiating ring‐opening polymerization of an epoxy resin. It is shown that among the investigated dyes, ISOVIII and TPDC6 exhibited higher initiation efficiency in accordance with their stronger electron‐donating nature due to the presence of carbazole groups. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Transparent back‐junction control in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber for high‐efficiency, color‐neutral, and semitransparent solar module
Authors: Jeong Ahrum , Choi Jae Myung , Lee Hyun‐Jae , Kim Gee Yeong , Park Jong‐Keuk , Kim Won Mok , Kuk Seungkuk , Wang Zhen , Hwang David J. , Yu Hyeonggeun , Jeong Jeung‐hyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransparent oxide back contact of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is crucial for semitransparent or bifacial CIGS photovoltaics. Parasitic GaOx resistive layer formed at the back junction, however, has been the bottleneck for transparent photovoltaic applications. Here, we show that a complementary control of the back junction enabled a high efficiency, semitransparent CIGS module. By employing a thin Ag precursor layer prior to CIGS evaporation, the back‐junction barrier could be eliminated. Atomic probe tomography measurement suggests that an appreciable amount of Ag doping in the GaOx may form hole‐tunneling channels at the back junction. We also found that potassium fluoride (KF) post‐deposition treatment (PDT) increased the back‐junction resistance and the bulk CIGS resistance compared to the case with Na PDT. The KF‐induced increased resistances turned out to be beneficial for suppressing the parasitic shunt current along the P1‐scribing region in our CIGS solar module. Interestingly, J–V rollover caused by the KF‐induced back‐junction barrier completely vanished after see‐through laser scribing of the module. We attribute the barrier‐lowering to a laser‐induced local heating at the back junction. The complementary engineering strategy introduced here would allow functional oxide back contact in CIGS photovoltaic modules for both high efficiency and semi‐transparency.
Experiences of college students with disabilities and mental health disorders: Informing college transition and retention
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Duke Jodi M. , Fujita Megan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rate of college students with disabilities and co‐occurring mental health disorders (D/MH) is steadily increasing across the U.S. However, despite available services and supports, the outcomes of these students lag behind their peers without D/MH. Further, little is known about the needs of students with D/MH, including barriers they experience and strategies or resources they find helpful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nine diverse college students with D/MH attending a public university, including how the complexities associated with D/MH effected their lives and strategies they used that supported their well‐being, via in‐depth interviews and focus groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Theoretical study of new promising conjugated psoralens in psoralen ultraviolet A therapy
Authors: Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Jafarpour Farnaz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn our previous report (J. Phys. Org. Chem., 2019), we discussed novel silicon photosensitizers (PSs) in psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. Continuing this quest, we have scrutinized a new brand of PSs, via density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods. These PSs show intense narrow absorption peaks in the therapeutic window with very high molar absorption coefficients (
). Calculated vertical ionization potential (VIP) and vertical electron affinity (VEA) values indicate that our PSs can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through type I mechanism. Also, energies of the first triplet excited states (T1) and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) constants verify the possibility and efficiency of type II mechanism for the generation of the singlet excited state of molecular oxygen (1O2). The results introduce new potential PSs in PDT and PUVA therapy.
Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April–June 2021) post‐COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Masarweh Kamal , Gur Michal , Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Bentur Lea , Dabaja‐Younis Halima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionFollowing the opening of lockdown and relaxation of public health restrictions, an unusual surge of respiratory illness occurred during the spring/summer (Q2) 2021 season. We aimed to characterize this surge compared to previous years.MethodsChildren discharged from a single tertiary hospital for respiratory illness or selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 2015 and 2021 were included, and hospitalization rates were compared. To evaluate whether the current respiratory surge resembles a typical winter, characteristics of the second quarter (Q2, April–June) of 2021 were compared to parallel seasons and to autumn/winter (Q4, October–December) of the previous years.ResultsRespiratory illness showed a seasonal peak, while the pattern of NCD was consistent throughout the study period. Respiratory illnesses showed a delayed surge in Q2 2021 (389 patients), with a missing seasonal peak in Q2 and Q4 2020 (135 and 119 patients, respectively). There were more cases of croup in Q2 2021 compared to Q2 and Q4 2015–2019 (26.2 vs. 12.5% and 15.8%, p < 0.001), fewer cases of pneumonia (5.9 vs. 15.9% and 11.7%, p < 0.001), lower admission rates (22.4 vs. 36.3% and 31.5%, p < 0.001), and fewer hypoxemia during hospitalization (6.3 vs. 11.7% and 10%, p < 0.001). Additionally, lower use of antibiotics (6.2 vs. 12.3% and 10.3%, p = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively) and higher use of steroids (33.7 vs. 24.8% and 28.3%, p < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively).ConclusionsThe postponed increase in respiratory morbidity after lockdown had unique characteristics, with upper respiratory illness predominating and fewer hospitalizations. Follow‐up is needed to assess the altered epidemiological patterns of respiratory diseases in the post‐COVID era.
Geometric Flow Equations for the Number of Space‐Time Dimensions
Authors: De Biasio Davide , Freigang Julian , Lüst Dieter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider new geometric flow equations, called D‐flow, which describe the variation of space‐time geometries under the change of the number of dimensions. The D‐flow is originating from the non‐trivial dependence of the volume of space‐time manifolds on the number of space‐time dimensions and it is driven by certain curvature invariants. We will work out specific examples of D‐flow equations and their solutions for the case of D‐dimensional spheres and Freund‐Rubin compactified space‐time manifolds. The discussion of the paper is motivated from recent swampland considerations, where the number D of space‐time dimensions is treated as a new swampland parameter.
Knowledge integration in transdisciplinary sustainability science: Tools from applied critical realism
Authors: Cockburn Jessica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransdisciplinarity, which seeks to transcend the limits of existing disciplines and the boundaries between science and society, has become a hallmark of sustainability science. Since transdisciplinarity requires researchers to co‐produce knowledge by drawing together diverse knowledge systems, knowledge integration becomes a key challenge. However, the practice of knowledge integration brings to the fore tensions around philosophy, methodology and the role of the researcher. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of applied critical realism in enabling knowledge integration in transdisciplinary research, and in engaging these important tensions. I introduce tools from applied critical realism to enable knowledge integration across disciplinary and science‐society boundaries in sustainability science. Using an illustrative case of place‐based social‐ecological research from South Africa, I demonstrate the application of these tools. I conclude with a reflection on how they enable reflection on tensions related to philosophy, methodology and researcher positionality, identifying some of the challenges I experienced in putting these tools to work.
What Can GP Data Tell Us about the Treatment of Onychomycosis in the UK?
Authors: Sajeed M. , Wei L. , Murdan S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Treatment of onychomycosis is challenging, and there is much literature on optimal treatment strategies. In contrast, information on how onychomycosis is actually treated in primary care is scarce. Information on practice is important as it can reveal much, such as, to what extent national guidelines are followed and which population groups seek/receive treatment or do not do so.

Objectives
To describe the pattern of onychomycosis treatment in primary care in the UK, by patient's gender and age.

Methods
A population-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database was used to calculate incidence rates of onychomycosis in the years 2001–2017. The prescription of oral and topical anti-fungal drugs to patients with onychomycosis was reviewed.

Results
THIN data showed an onychomycosis incidence rate of about 50 per 100,000. More males than females (52% vs. 48%), and more people aged 50–59 years had received treatment for onychomycosis. Oral terbinafine was the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by topical amorolfine, although terbinafine was used more commonly by men and amorolfine by women. Patients with onychomycosis were also prescribed other antifungals, including itraconazole, griseofulvin, tioconazole, ketoconazole shampoo, fluconazole and clotrimazole. A greater proportion of women, compared to men, were prescribed fluconazole.

Conclusions
Onychomycosis treatment in primary care in the UK is broadly in concordance with national guidelines.
Cu2−xSx Capped AuCu Nanostars for Efficient Plasmonic Photothermal Tumor Treatment in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Yu Qian , Peng Tingyu , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Xiaoxuan , Pan Ye , Ge Dengfeng , Zhao Long , Rosei Federico , Zhang Jianming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlasmonic nanohybrids are promising photo energy conversion materials in photoelectronics and biomedicine, due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Au and Cu2−xSx nanostructures with strong SPR in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral region are classic plasmonic systems used to convert NIR photons into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). The rational design of the Au/Cu2−xSx nanohybrids is expected to induce better photothermal conversion; however, the construction of such hybrids via wet‐chemistry methods with a well‐controlled interfacial structure is still challenging. Here, the synthesis of an AuCu Star/Cu2 −xSx nanohybrid is reported, where the Cu2−xSx components are selectively grown on the AuCu nanostar tips to form “caps”. The spatial formation of the Cu2−xSx caps on star tips is mainly governed by surfactant concentration, tip curvature, and experimental manipulation. The nanohybrids show low cytotoxicity and superior photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling robust PTT to kill cancer cells in the second NIR window. Numerical simulation reveals that the coupling of Cu2−xSx on nanostar tips generates strong interfacial electric field, improving photothermal conversion. Moreover, the spatial separation structure favors the continuous flow of hot charge carriers to produce active radicals, further promoting the tumor treatment effect.
Combining Multivariate Electrospinning with Surface MOF Functionalization to Construct Tunable Active Sites toward Trifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Jiapeng , Qin Yongze , Sun Hao , Ma Yong , Lin Ling , Peng Yang , Zhong Jun , Chen Muzi , Zhao Xiaohui , Deng Zhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance multifunctional electrocatalysts operating in the same electrolyte is key to reduce the material and process costs of renewable energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, the fabrication of freestanding integral electrodes by combining multivariate electrospinning with surface metal organic framework functionalization to arrest pyrolytic emissions from fiber interior is reported, resulting in the expression of rich active sites with controlled composition, for example, the tunable Co‐P coordination. The as‐fabricated electrode of CoP@CF‐900, when used as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, is able to deliver 200 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.89 V, significantly outshining the Pt/C‖RuO2 couple; when used as the air cathode for a zinc‐air battery, is able to operate more than 150 h at 10 mA cm−2 with a nearly constant round‐trip energy efficiency of ≈60%, also outperforming the Pt/C+RuO2 benchmark. The activity and kinetics origin of the superb multi‐functionality is further elucidated through extensive electroanalytical, post‐mortem, and operando characterizations, which underscore the construction of robust integral electrodes through synergistic structure and composition engineering.
Moving Towards an ETS in Mexico: The Case of International Cooperation
Authors: Cruz Neydi , Meneses Mireille 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMexico has participated in different international climate initiatives and has benefited from international collaboration. This cooperation, both at the political and technical levels, has been crucial for the design and implementation of the national carbon market. Through its climate diplomacy leadership, Mexico has played a key role in international carbon pricing initiatives, and in the technical sphere, the country has benefited from peer-to-peer international experiences and knowledge. This chapter analyzes those initiatives and their contribution to continue broadening collaboration towards a carbon market in the country. It explores how recent changes to the environmental agenda, adopted as of 2018 by the new federal administration, could hinder the implementation of the market mechanism.