bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Psychological Factors and Preparation for Earthquakes
Authors:   , Spittal Matthew John 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand, like many countries, is at risk from a number of natural disasters including flooding, volcanoes, and earthquakes. The risk of exposure to such disasters over the course of a lifetime is substantial (Norris, 1992). Despite this, many New Zealanders are unprepared for the consequences of a natural disaster; nearly a quarter of New Zealand homes have flaws which could see them seriously damaged or detached from their foundations in a major earthquake (Ansell & Taber, 1996). Recent research suggests that psychological variables contribute to people's lack of preparation for natural disasters. A limitation, however, of much of this research has been the lack of attention paid to the psychometric quality of the instruments used to measure key constructs. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationships between different dimensions of personality and earthquake preparation in a large sample of Wellington residents using psychometrically sound measures. Measures of locus of control, risk, and earthquake preparation were first evaluated in a series of studies using both university students and Wellington residents. These questionnaires were then administered, along with items pertaining to the construct of unrealistic optimism, to a total of 358 Wellington residents. The results showed that locus of control, risk precaution, home ownership, and length of residence were significant predictors of earthquake preparation. Moreover, people exhibited evidence of unrealistic optimism, as demonstrated by both a belief that they were better prepared for a major earthquake than an acquaintance, or other Wellingtonians, and by a belief that they were personally less likely than others to suffer injury in a major earthquake. The implications of these results for emergency managers are discussed and several recommendations are made.</p>
The empirical CAPM: Estimation and Implications for the Regulatory Cost of Capital
Authors:   , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2021

<p>In calculating the cost of capital for regulated businesses, the New Zealand Commerce Commission uses the Capital Asset Pricing Model to estimate the cost of the equity component of capital, a procedure that involves assuming particular values for unobservable key parameters. This thesis proposes, instead, to estimate these parameters from market data. The principal result is that estimates of these parameters differ significantly from the values assumed by the Commerce Commission. Applying these estimates to two recent cases involving the electricity line and gas pipeline businesses, the estimated costs of capital for the entities involved are 3.5% to 5.5% more than those obtained by the Commission, but the associated confidence intervals are wider. One implication of these findings is that the Commissions approach systematically understates the uncertainty surrounding cost of capital estimates.</p>
Forecasting Decisons in Conflicts: Analogy, Game Theory, Unaided Judgement, and Simulation Compared
Authors:   , Green Kesten Charles 
Published: November 2021

<p>There has been surprisingly little research on how best to predict decisions in conflicts. Managers commonly use their unaided judgement for the task. Game theory and a disciplined use of analogies have been recommended. When tested, experts using their unaided judgement and game theorists performed no better than chance. Experts using structured analogies performed better than chance, but the most accurate forecasts were provided by simulated interaction using student role players. Twenty-one game theorists made 98 forecasts for eight diverse conflicts. Forty-one experts in conflicts made 60 solo forecasts using structured analogies and 96 solo forecasts using unaided judgement (a further seven provided collaborative forecasts only) while 492 participants made 105 forecasts in simulated interactions. Overall, one-in-three forecasts by game theorists and by experts who did not use a formal method were correct. Forecasters who used structured analogies were correct for 45 percent and forecasts from simulated interactions were correct for 62 percent of forecasts. Analysis using alternative measures of accuracy does not affect the findings. Neither expertise nor collaboration appear to affect accuracy. The findings are at odds with the opinions of experts, who expected experts to be more accurate than students regardless of the method used.</p>
Sex Differences in the Relation of Aggression to Social Dominance Orientation and Right Wing Authoritarianism
Authors:   , Howison Luke 
Published: November 2021

<p>Two general population studies examined the association of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) with the Aggression Questionnaire, and any sex differences in this relationship. SDO and RWA were both associated with aggression; however, contradictory sex differences were found. In Study 1 (N = 270), SDO and aggression was associated for females but not males; the opposite was found in Study 2 (N = 178). A model of the relationships between SDO, RWA, sex, hostility, anger and physical aggression was constructed and evaluated for Study 1. Study 2 included additional measures including instrumental/expressive aggression, femininity/masculinity, gender group identification and sexism. SDO was related to instrumental aggression, suggesting that social dominators use aggression instrumentally. Masculinity/femininity did not have a major effect on the aggressionSDO/RWA relationship; however, gender identity mediated the relationship between sex and SDO, replicating previous challenges of the invariance hypothesis</p>
An Assessment of Whether a Carbon Neutral Initiative Can Successfully Be implemented at Victoria University of Wellington
Authors:   , Kodikara Tushara 
Published: November 2021

<p>The scientific evidence is now in no doubt - anthropogenic climate change has created a severe global problem and demands an urgent global response. The origin of anthropogenic climate change lies in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Avoiding serious climate change will require reductions in GHG emissions from all sources. Universities can demonstrate leadership in this area by not only conducting research and teaching about climate change, but also by going further and starting to manage and mitigate their own impact on the climate. This thesis assesses whether Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) can become carbon neutral and therefore have no net impact on climate change. Applying a corporate social responsibility model, the interface between the universities as teaching and research institutes and agents of change is investigated. This way, the opportunities, benefits and barriers in place for the university to become carbon neutral are identified and a framework to implement this initiative is developed. The research found several potential short-term and enlightened self-interest benefits available to VUW in becoming carbon neutral. Despite this, many barriers will need to be overcome to achieve neutrality. The main obstacle is gaining a firm commitment from the University Council and senior management. If this commitment is achieved, then VUW is in a strong position to demonstrate leadership both at the level of the local Wellington community and nationally.</p>
Dispute settlement under the United Nations Convention On the Law of the Sea and Its Role in Oceans Governance
Authors:   , Chakraborty Anshuman 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis is about the dispute settlement provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC or Convention), and the potential and actual role that they play in oceans governance. The study focuses not only on the traditional role of dispute settlement mechanisms in peacefully settling disputes, but also on their potential for contribution to good oceans governance in many ways. The jurisprudence generated so far under the dispute settlement provisions of the LOSC can be called neither a complete success nor a total failure. Part XV of the Convention, dealing with dispute settlement procedures, has made a promising start with the inaugural jurisprudence under the prompt release and provisional measures proceedings. However, besides the general beneficial influence of the jurisprudence on oceans governance, a few detrimental developments have also been identified from the perspective of oceans governance. The present thesis demonstrates that a lot of hope had been pinned on the dispute settlement provisions at the time when the LOSC was drafted. However, most of these hopes have not yet found expression, and if the limited use of dispute settlement procedures continues, it is unlikely that Part XV will fulfil those hopes in the future. Nevertheless, this thesis argues along more optimistic lines, and expresses a realistic hope that the actual role of dispute settlement in oceans governance will improve in the future. The thesis concludes that the success or failure of the dispute settlement mechanisms mostly depends upon their actual use made by states. Further, the dispute settlement mechanisms once invoked must be able to settle disputes objectively on the basis of law, equity and justice and uphold the principles and provisions of the LOSC. It is hoped that states will have recourse to Part XV more often for the purpose of settling their disputes peacefully, and that the dispute settlement provisions will in turn fulfil their mandate. Only then will the world witness the dispute settlement mechanisms playing a real and beneficial role in oceans governance, concurrently with other oceans governance institutions and arrangements.</p>
Removing Redundancy and Reducing Fitness Evaluation Costs in Genetic Programming
Authors:   , Wong Phillip Lee-Ming 
Published: November 2021

<p>One of the greater issues in Genetic Programming (GP) is the computational effort required to run the evolution and discover a good solution. Phenomena such as program bloating (where genetic programs rapidly grow in size) can quickly exhaust available memory resources and slow down the evolutionary process, while the heavy cost of performing fitness evaluation can make problems which have a lot of available data very slow to solve. These issues may limit GP in some tasks it can appropriately be applied to, as well as inhibit its applications in time/space sensitive environments. In this thesis, we look at developing solutions to some of these issues in GP computational cost. First, we develop an algebraic program simplification method based on simple rules and hashing techniques, and use this method in conjunction with the standard GP on a variety of tasks. Our results suggest that program simplification can lead to a significant reduction in program size, while not significantly changing the effectiveness of the systems in finding solution programs. Secondly, we analyse the effects of program simplification on the internal GP "building blocks" to investigate whether simplification is a destructive or constructive force. Using two models for building blocks (numerical-nodes and the more complex fixed-depth subtree), we track building blocks through GP runs on a symbolic regression problem, both with and without using simplification. We find that the program simplification process can both disrupt and construct building blocks in the GP populations. However, GP systems using simplification appear to retain important building blocks, and the simplification process appears to lead to an increase in genetic diversity. These may help explain why using simplification does not reduce the effectiveness of GP systems in solving tasks. Lastly, we develop two methods of reducing the cost of fitness evaluation by reducing the number of node evaluations performed. The first method is elitism avoidance, which avoids re-evaluating programs which have been placed in the population using elitismreproduction. Thismethod reduces the CPU time for evolving solutions for six different GP tasks. The second method is a subtree caching mechanism which store fitness evaluations for subtrees in a cache so that they may be fetched when these subtrees are encountered in future fitness evaluations. Results suggest that using this mechanism can significantly reduce both the number of node evaluations and the overall CPU time used in evolving solutions, without reducing the fitness of the solutions produced.</p>
The saline Interface of a Shallow Unconfined Aquifer, Rangitikei Delta
Authors:   , Craig Desiree S A 
Published: November 2021

<p>The coastal communities of Tangimoana and Scott's Ferry have a long history of using shallow groundwater bores. The cumulative effect of pumping over decades could influence the saline interface given the close proximity of the communities to the seashore and river estuary. It is important to quantify the effects of pumping on both the shallow groundwater system and the dynamics of the saline interface. This is necessary to protect the groundwater system against saline intrusion especially given the increasing number of high volume groundwater consents to support dairying. Resistivity soundings and traverses, coupled with chemical analyses of groundwater samples, were found to be an effective method for defining the saline interface of the shallow groundwater aquifer under the Rangitikei delta. The saline interface extends from the salt marsh to beneath the farmland north of Tangimoana. The interface is a zone of diffusion with freshwater and brackish water mixing from the estuary. The interface is currently located on the outskirts of Tangimoana, and it is likely to extend beneath the township. The infiltration of brackish surface waters into sediments of the salt marsh form a surficial mixing zone that decreases with distance from the salt marsh. There is no indication of salinity in the area to the north of the Rangitikei delta. This area is most at risk of contamination from saline intrusion because of high volume groundwater abstractions, even though these abstractions are from deeper aquifers. The shallow groundwater beneath Tangimoana showed high concentrations of Ca and HCO3 ions. This may be a result of carbonate dissolution, which can occur when saline and freshwater mix. This creates groundwater that is under-saturated with calcium. The mixing water dissolves carbonates and increases the concentrations of Ca and HCO3. The major source of sodium and chloride was likely rainwater with evaporated solutes from seawater. The saline interface near Tangimoana appears to be relatively static, but the estuary and salt marsh are areas of low relief. There are preferential flows paths across the salt marsh to the farmland. These factors make the shallow groundwater in the Rangitikei delta vulnerable to saline intrusion.</p>
INSTALASI CATU DAYA CADANGAN BERBASIS UNINTERUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) PADA GEDUNG SEKOLAH/MADRASAH
Authors: Warindi Warindi , Darmawan Budi , Mustiko Cahyo , Ariessaputra Suthami , Syafaruddin Syafaruddin 
Published: November 2021

Gedung Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Al Mubasysyirun yang berlokasi di Pemenang Timur, Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan salah satu bangunan terdampak gempa bumi Lombok yang terjadi pada bulan Agustus 2018 silam. Akibat gempa tersebut hampir seluruh bangunan madrasah rusak berat. Setelah masa tanggap darurat selesai gedung madrasah dibangun kembali. Termasuk listrik yang disuplai oleh PLN. Namun dalam hal penyediaan listrik masih terdapat kekurangan yaitu kurangnya kontinuitas pelayanan, dimana seringnya terjadi pemadaman listrik. sementara kegiatan belajar mengajar di madrasah sedang berlangsung sehingga dirasa cukup mengganggu. Selain itu MTs juga berencana mengikuti ujian nasional berbasis komputer sehingga pasokan listrik ketika ujian tidak boleh terhenti. Masalah ketidaksinambungan pasokan listrik PLN tersebut perlu diatasi melalui penyediaan suatu sumber listrik cadangan yang akan menggantikan pasokan listrik ketika PLN padam. Listrik cadangan yang yang diusulkan adalah berbasis Unintruptable Power Supply (UPS) yang mempunyai berbagai kelebihan. Kelebihan tersebut adalah waktu pindah yang cepat dan lebih senyap. Sistem UPS tersebut, terdiri dari serangkaian baterai/aki, inverter dan pengisi baterai. Ketika listrik PLN dalam kondisi menyala, maka sebagian energi listrik disimpan dalam baterai melalui suatu modul pengisi baterai. Ketika listrik dari PLN padam, energi listrik yang tersimpan dalam baterai tersebut akan disalurkan ke beban melalui suatu mekanisme saklar pindah. Dengan kata lain beban yang sebelumnya disangga oleh listrik PLN akan segera dipindah dan disangga oleh UPS ketika listrik PLN padam. Berbagai macam cara instalasi UPS yang paling umum adalah UPS dihubungkan ke salah satu stop kontak. Namun cara ini hanya efektif bila beban yang disangga hanya sedikit, misalnya 1 buah komputer. Untuk sekala beban yang lebih luas yaitu seluruh beban di gedung sekolah maka UPS perlu dipasang di tiap sentral listrik (papan hubung bagi). Oleh sebab itu umumnya perlu modifikasi jaringan kelistrikan suatu gedung sekolah. Adapun hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penentuan lokasi UPS: 1) kedekatan dengan sentral/MCB 2) sirkulasi udara 3) keamanan. Dari Uji coba, didapatkan bahwa sistem UPS yang telah dipasang memenuhi beberapa kriteria yang diharapkan antara lain: 1) kemudahan perawatan 2) kemudahan pemasangan 3) memenuhi standar keamanan dan 4) biaya instalasi murah. Manfaat kegiatan PPM diantarannya: 1) mitra mendapatkan sumber listrik cadangan yang bermanfaat bilamana listrik PLN padam, khususnya untuk persiapan ujian yang berbasis komputer 2) menghemat biaya pembelian BBM dan perawatan daripada menggunakan genset 3) mendapatkan sumber listrik cadangan yang senyap dan tidak mengganggu aktifitas belajar mengajar.
“Studyin This Volapuke” That Makes the “Barrel of the Narrative” Roll
Authors: Napolitano Martina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sasha Sokolov’s second novel Mezhdu sobakoi i volkom has its origins in the author’s reflection on the role and nature of the narrating voice. In concocting the most appropriate voice for this narrative, the author constructed a language, defined by one of the heroes as “Volapuke,” a 19th-century constructed idiom (Volapük). In Sokolov’s “Volapuke,” every trope, word, and even grapheme is allowed to transfigure into its direct, objectified meaning. As for the voices that weave together the linguistic threads, there are many, and at the same time they are all combined into one. Like all of Sasha Sokolov’s novels, Mezhdu sobakoi i volkom reminds the reader of the natural plurality of voices that is to be found within oneself. For a plot synopsis of Between Dog and Wolf, please consult the introduction to this issue of CASS.
“Я вижу свою задачу в том, чтобы подтянуть русскую прозу до уровня поэзии”
Authors: Albanese Noemi 
Published: November 2021

Аннотация
Для Саши Соколова, автора, который говорит о себе прежде всего как о проэте, переплетение и слияние прозы и поэзии являются совершенно обычными явлениями и определяют в целом его поэтику и его художественный мир. Цель данной статьи – показать, на основе наиболее ярких примеров, основные виды метризации прозаического текста в романе Между собакой и волком, обозначить их роль и определить, как они взаимодействуют с разными цитатами.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DAN SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA (SISKEUDES) TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI DESA KRASAK
Authors: Kartika Dewi , Krisdiyawati  , Azarine Sava Vania Slamet  
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the Participation of The Village Community and Financial System to the Success of Village Fund Management in Krasak Village, Brebes Regency. Research methodology through data collection with questionnaire survey techniques to respondents and sampling using slovin formula. The data analysis techniquein this study used multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 22. The results of this study showed that the variables of community participation had a partial significant effect on the success of village fund management, the variable use of the village financial system had a significant partial effect on the success of village fund management and community participation and the village financial system simultaneously influenced the success of village fund management
Keywords: Success of Village Fund Management, Community Participation, Siskeudes
MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Asmawiyah Asmawiyah 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAK
Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran daring dan motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei menggunakan skala Likert dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner yang dibuat dalam bentuk google form. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling yaitu mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah kompetensi semester VI program studi manajemen yang berjumlah 75 mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran daring dan motivasi belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa.
ANALISIS PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PERGURUAN TINGGGI BERDASARKAN BAURAN PEMASARAN (STUDI KASUS UPBJJ-UT TERNATE)
Authors: Anfas Anfas , Zainuddin  
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur peluang dan tantangan UPBJJ-UT Ternate melalui bauran pemasaran jasa perguruan tinggi yang meliputi produk, harga, tempat, promosi, sumber daya manusia, aktivitas operasional dan sarana dan prasarana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber informasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII di Maluku Utara dengan total sampel sebanyak 802 Siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model dari Milles dan Michael Huberman dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Pada aspek produk, siswa lebih mempertimbangkan perguruan tinggi yang memiliki program studi/jurusan yang diminati oleh siswa; 2). Pada aspek harga, siswa lebih mempertimbangkan perguruan tinggi yang menawarkan biaya SPP yang terjangkau; 3). Pada aspek tempat, siswa lebih mengharapkan perguruan tinggi yang dekat dengan pusat kota; 4). Pada aspek promosi, siswa lebih memilih perguruan tinggi yang melakukan promosi melalui tatap muka langsung di sekolah mereka; 5). Pada aspek sumber daya manusia, siswa lebih mengharapkan perguruan tinggi yang memiliki dosen/tutor dengan kualifikasi pendidikan yang kapabel; 6). Pada aspek aktivitas operasional, siswa lebih mengharapkan perguruan tinggi yang memiliki program pendaftaran mahasiswa baru yang mudah; dan 7). Pada aspek sarana dan prasarana, siswa lebih mengharapkan perguruan tinggi dengan ruang belajar yang nyaman.