bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of ultra-early rehabilitation on elbow function after Slongo’s external fixation for supracondylar humeral fractures in older children and adolescents
Authors: He Man , Wang Qian , Zhao Jingxin , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of ultra-early rehabilitation on elbow function after Slongo’s external fixation for supracondylar humeral fractures in older children and adolescents.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 49 older children (> 8 years) and adolescents with supracondylar humerus fracture who were treated with Slongo’s external fixation in our hospital from January 2016 to August 2020. Twenty-three patients received ultra-early postoperative rehabilitation (rehabilitation group) and 26 patients were not subjected to postoperative rehabilitation (control group). Time to ROM required for functional activity of daily living(ROM-ADL) in both groups was recorded postoperatively. Patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months after surgery to compare the elbow range of motion (ROM) and carrying angle (CA). Postoperative complications were assessed in both groups. Flynn scores and modified Mayo Elbow Performance Scores were also performed.

Results
The elbow function at 6 months after surgery was significantly better than that at 3 months in the control group (P = 0.32). Time to ROM-ADL in the rehabilitation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P = 0.028). The elbow function, Flynn scores, and modified Mayo scores in the rehabilitation group at 3 and 6 months after surgery were significantly better than that of the control group (P(ROM, 3 months and 6 months) = 0.012 vs 0.039; P(Flynn scores, ROM, 3 months and 6 months) = 0.028 vs 0.005; P(Flynn scores, CA, 3 months and 6 months) = 0.032 vs 0.026; P(Modified Mayo scores, 3 months and 6 months) = 0.039 vs 0.024; respectively). There were no iatrogenic injuries, secondary fracture displacements, myositis ossificans, elbow deformities, or other complications in either group. One case of nail tract infection occurred in the rehabilitation group and was cured.

Conclusion
Slongo’s external fixation is a safe and effective surgical treatment for supracondylar humeral fractures in children over 8 years old and adolescents. Ultra-early rehabilitation treatment for postoperative children can significantly speed up the recovery after surgery.
The effects of WeChat follow-up management to improve the parents’ mental status and the quality of life of premature newborns with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Yang Bin , Liu Jian-Feng , Xie Wen-Peng , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the effect of WeChat follow-up management on improving the parents’ mental status and the quality of life of premature newborns with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after discharge.

Methods
Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. WeChat was used in the intervention group for the postdischarge follow-up management, while the control group was managed traditionally. The psychological status and quality of life of the parents of the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Results
The SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group at three months after discharge were significantly better than those at discharge, but there was no significant change in the control group. During the three-month follow-up, the SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group. The WHOQOL-BREF scale scores in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group in physiology, psychology, social relations, and the environment. The total quality of life score in the intervention group was also significantly better than that in the control group. All patients in the intervention group were followed up as appropriate, while five patients in the control group were lost to follow-up. The incidence of pneumonia and feeding intolerance in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group.

Conclusion
The application of WeChat in the follow-up management of premature infants with PDA could alleviate parents’ anxiety and depression in taking care of their children at home and can improve their quality of life.
The use of fibrinolytic therapy for parapneumonic effusion in pregnancy: a case report and a review
Authors: Nasralla Awrad , Laing Bryce , Turner Simon R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of intrapleural fibrinolytics for complicated parapneumonic effusion has been shown to be an effective and safe alternative to surgery. However, there is limited evidence about its use during pregnancy. We present a case and a review of the literature of pregnant women who had successful treatment of their complicated parapneumonic effusion with intrapleural fibrinolytics. To our knowledge this is the first review of cases of pregnant women with parapneumonic effusion managed with intrapleural fibrinolytic.
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract reduces cerebral infarction by downregulating JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling in the acute phase of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Cheng Chin-Yi , Chiang Su-yin , Kao Shung-Te , Huang Shang-Chih 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Post-ischemic inflammation is a crucial component in stroke pathology in the early phase of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Inflammation caused by microglia, astrocytes, and necrotic cells, produces pro-inflammatory mediators and exacerbates cerebral I/R injury. This study evaluated the effects of the Alpinia oxyphylla Miq [Yi Zhi Ren (YZR)] extract on cerebral infarction at 1 day after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated inflammatory cascades in the penumbral cortex. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with the YZR extract at the doses of 0.2 g/kg (YZR-0.2 g), 0.4 g/kg (YZR-0.4 g), or 0.8 g/kg (YZR-0.8 g) at MCAo onset.

Results
YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments markedly reduced cerebral infarction, attenuated neurological deficits, and significantly downregulated the expression of phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (p-ASK1)/ASK1, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), p-JNK/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-6 in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion. SP600125 (SP), a selective JNK inhibitor, had the same effects. Furthermore, Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells were colocalized with TLR4, and colocalization of GFAP-positive cells was found with NF-κB in the nuclei.

Conclusion
YZR-0.4 g and YZR-0.8 g treatments exerted beneficial effects on cerebral ischemic injury by downregulating JNK-mediated signaling in the peri-infarct cortex. Moreover, the anti-infarction effects of YZR extract treatments were partially attributed to the downregulation of JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM- and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling pathways in the penumbral cortex at 1 day after reperfusion.
Are outpatient transperineal prostate biopsies without antibiotic prophylaxis equivalent to standard transrectal biopsies for patient safety and cancer detection rates?A retrospective cohort study in 222 patients
Authors: Islam Majdee , Da Silva Rodrigo Donalisio , Quach Alan , Gustafson Diedra , Nogueira Leticia , Clark Nathan , Kim Fernando J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To describe our experience with outpatient transperineal biopsy (TPB) without antibiotics compared to transrectal biopsy (TRB) with antibiotics and bowel preparation. The literature elicits comparable cancer detection, time, and cost between the two. As antibiotic resistance increases, antimicrobial stewardship is imperative.

Methods
In our retrospective review, we compared the TPB to TRB in our institution for outpatient prostate biopsies with local anesthesia from June 1st, 2017 to June 1st, 2019. Patients had negative urinalysis on day of procedure. Patients presenting with symptoms concerning for UTI followed by positive urine culture were determined to have a UTI.

Results
Two hundred twenty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Age, race, BMI, pre-procedure PSA, history of UTI, BPH or other GU history were similar between both groups. Two TPB patients (1.8%) had post-procedure UTI; one received oral antibiotics and one received a dose of intravenous and subsequent oral antibiotics. There were no sepsis events or admissions. Six TRB patients (5.4%) had post-procedure UTI; five received oral antibiotics, and one received intravenous antibiotics and required admission for sepsis. One TPB patient (0.9%) had post-procedure retention and required catheterization, while four TRB patients (3.6%) had retention requiring catheterization. No significant difference noted in cancer detection between the two groups.

Conclusion
Outpatient TPB without antibiotic prophylaxis/bowel prep is comparable to TRB in regard to safety and cancer detection. TPB without antibiotics had a lower infection and retention rate than TRB with antibiotics. Efforts to reduce antibiotic resistance should be implemented into daily practice. Future multi-institutional studies can provide further evidence for guideline changes.
Cirbp-PSD95 axis protects against hypobaric hypoxia-induced aberrant morphology of hippocampal dendritic spines and cognitive deficits
Authors: Zhou Yang , Lu Huanyu , Liu Ying , Zhao Zaihua , Zhang Qian , Xue Chong , Zou Yuankang , Cao Zipeng , Luo Wenjing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a typical characteristic of high altitude environment and causes a spectrum of pathophysiological effects, including headaches, gliovascular dysfunction and cognitive retardation. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits under HH exposure. Our results showed that hypobaric hypoxia exposure impaired cognitive function and suppressed dendritic spine density accompanied with increased neck length in both basal and apical hippocampal CA1 region neurons in mice. The expression of PSD95, a vital synaptic scaffolding molecule, is down-regulated by hypobaric hypoxia exposure and post-transcriptionally regulated by cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Cirbp) through 3′-UTR region binding. PSD95 expressing alleviates hypoxia-induced dendritic spine morphology changes of hippocampal neurons and memory deterioration. Moreover, overexpressed Cirbp in hippocampus rescues HH-induced abnormal expression of PSD95 and attenuates hypoxia-induced dendritic spine injury and cognitive retardation. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism that Cirbp-PSD-95 axis appears to play an essential role in HH-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.
Targeting Akt in cancer for precision therapy
Authors: Hua Hui , Zhang Hongying , Chen Jingzhu , Wang Jiao , Liu Jieya , Jiang Yangfu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiomarkers-guided precision therapeutics has revolutionized the clinical development and administration of molecular-targeted anticancer agents. Tailored precision cancer therapy exhibits better response rate compared to unselective treatment. Protein kinases have critical roles in cell signaling, metabolism, proliferation, survival and migration. Aberrant activation of protein kinases is critical for tumor growth and progression. Hence, protein kinases are key targets for molecular targeted cancer therapy. The serine/threonine kinase Akt is frequently activated in various types of cancer. Activation of Akt promotes tumor progression and drug resistance. Since the first Akt inhibitor was reported in 2000, many Akt inhibitors have been developed and evaluated in either early or late stage of clinical trials, which take advantage of liquid biopsy and genomic or molecular profiling to realize personalized cancer therapy. Two inhibitors, capivasertib and ipatasertib, are being tested in phase III clinical trials for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight recent progress of Akt signaling pathway, review the up-to-date data from clinical studies of Akt inhibitors and discuss the potential biomarkers that may help personalized treatment of cancer with Akt inhibitors. In addition, we also discuss how Akt may confer the vulnerability of cancer cells to some kinds of anticancer agents.
A comprehensive description of self-reported health and life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Hellström Patrik , Årestedt Kristofer , Israelsson Johan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Self-reported health and life satisfaction are considered important outcomes in people surviving cardiac arrest. However, most previous studies have reported limited aspects on health, often based on composite scores, and few studies have focused on life satisfaction. Investigating health aspects with a broad and detailed perspective is important to increase the knowledge of life after cardiac arrest from the perspective of survivors. In addition, the knowledge of potential differences in health among survivors related to place of arrest (in-hospital cardiac arrest; IHCA or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; OHCA) is scarce. The aim was to describe and compare self-reported health and life satisfaction in IHCA and OHCA survivors.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study included adult cardiac arrest survivors six months after resuscitation, treated at five Swedish hospitals between 2013 and 2018. Participants received a study specific questionnaire including Health Index (HI), EQ-5D 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L), Minimal Insomnia Sleeping Scale (MISS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). In order to present characteristics descriptive statistics were applied. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Fishers’ exact test were used to compare differences in self-reported health and life satisfaction between in-hospital- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors

Results
In total, 212 survivors participated. Based on scale scores and general measures, the median scores of health and life satisfaction among survivors were high: HI total = 29, EQ VAS = 80, and SWLS = 20. According to HI, most problems were reported for tiredness (37.3 %) and strength (26.4 %), while pain/discomfort (57.5 %) and anxiety/depression (42.5 %) where most common according to EQ-5D-5L. Except for EQ-5D-5L mobility (p = 0.023), MSPSS significant other (p = 0.036), and MSPSS family (p = 0.043), no health differences in relation to place of arrest were identified.

Conclusions
Although general health and life satisfaction were good among cardiac arrest survivors, several prevalent health problems were reported regardless of place of arrest. To achieve an improved understanding of health in cardiac arrest survivors, it is important to assess specific symptoms as a complement to composite scores of general, physical, emotional, and social health.
The exacerbated prevalence of acute malnutrition and growth retardation in Roma children living in camps
Authors: Giampaolo Rosaria , Marotta Rosaria , Biagiarelli Francesco Saverio , Zampa Antonella , Moramarco Stefania , Buonomo Ersilia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Child malnutrition is still a concern in marginalized groups of populations, such as immigrants living in very low socio-economic conditions. Roma children are within the most hard-to-reach populations, susceptible to undernutrition and growth retardation. In the city of Rome (Italy), the Hospital “Bambino Gesù”, in collaboration with the Catholic Association Community of Saint’Egidio, is dedicating free services for the health and nutritional needs of vulnerable people.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on immigrant children visited at different ages (0–11 years old). Records including nutritional and growth assessment were collected from 2016 up to May 2020. Malnutrition was classified following the WHO 2006 standards. Data for Roma children living in extra-urban camps and non-Roma immigrant children living in urban areas were analyzed, odds ratios and univariate binary regressions were performed to investigate the risk of malnutrition within the two groups.

Results
A sample of 414 children (57% under-five; 51.9% Roma), was included in the database. In the under-five children, underweight accounted for 7.6%, stunting for 11.7%, and wasting for 2.9%. The first year of life was the most crucial for nutritional status. Compared to the counterpart, Roma children accounted for nearly the total rate of malnutrition (wasting 4.8% vs. 1%; stunting 21.4% vs. 2%; underweight 14.2% vs. 1%). Univariate logistic regression confirmed under-five Roma children being at the highest risk of stunting at 12 months (OR: 16.1; CI 2–132; p = 0.01).
When considering the 176 school-aged children, undernutrition affected most Roma children (13% vs 1.9%), followed by stunting (5.8% vs 0.9%). Univariate logistic regression confirmed that Roma school-aged children were more likely to be underweight (OR: 7.8; CI 1.6–37.6; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Malnutrition in immigrant children is still of high concern in Italy. Its prevalence in Roma children living in extra-urban camps exceeds that of immigrant children living in urban areas and the rates of underweight, stunting and wasting of Roma children living in the Balkans. This exacerbating condition highlights the need of better assisting this fragile population that is at most risk of poverty, food insecurity and social exclusion in Italy, particularly during this pandemic crisis.
Efficacy and safety of Qi-Jing Hui-Xin Decoction in the treatment of coronary microvascular angina: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, multi-center clinical trial
Authors: Sun Yuanlong , Huang Chengxin , Huo Li , Li Ying , Chen Jun , Zhang Zixiu , Jia Meijun , Jiang Meixian , Ruan Xiaofen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
With the increased understanding of heart disease, microvascular angina (MVA) is receiving greater attention from clinicians. Studies have shown that patients with MVA have significantly higher major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality than the control population, and the search for effective treatments is of great clinical importance. Both basic and clinical studies have shown that Qi-Jing Hui-Xin Decoction (QJHX) can relieve angina symptoms and improve clinical efficacy, but there is a lack of high-quality clinical studies to provide a research basis. This article introduces the evaluation protocol of QJHX for the adjunctive treatment of MVA.

Methods/design
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial. The trial will enroll 150 patients with MVA. On the basis of Western drug treatment, patients will be randomized into two groups, and the experimental group will receive QJHX treatment for 12 weeks and follow-up at 24 week. The primary indicators are the clinical efficacy of angina pectoris and the evidence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) efficacy. Secondary indicators are the Seattle Angina Scale score, serum lipid levels, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram diagnosis. Additional indicators are endothelial function and immunoinflammatory factors. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial.

Discussion
Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is commonly used for angina in China. This study will evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of adding QJHX based on standardized Western medications. The results of the trial will provide high-level clinical research-based evidence for the application of QJHX in MVA.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900027015. Registered on 28 October 2019.
Simethicone administration improves gastric cleanness for esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Xu Yang , Zhang Xueting , Ma Cuiyun , Li Aitong , Yu Haiyan , Zhang Weihua , Zhang Hanqing , Yang Teng , Miao Xinfang , Zhang Huiming , Liu Yan , Lu Zheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is very useful in diagnosing and treating upper gastrointestinal mucosal disorders, but too much foam and water in stomach decrease its diagnostic efficiency. Simethicone administration can help remove excessive foam.

Aims
To determine the optimal simethicone administration strategies in a comparative randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods
Adult outpatients with indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy were enrolled and randomly divided into group 1 (simethicone solution intake 20–30 min before procedure, n = 110), group 2 (simethicone solution intake 31–60 min before procedure, n = 92), and group 3 (simethicone solution intake > 60 min before procedure). Primary and secondary outcomes were procedure time and the patients’ satisfaction after the examination. All symptoms like abdominal pain and distension were recorded.

Results
No statistically significant differences were found on the patients’ demographic and clinical features and mean examination time (all P values > 0.05). The distribution of patients with different endoscopic and pathological diagnosis was comparable among three groups, respectively (P = 0.607; P = 0.289). However, the proportion of patients with Gastric Cleanness Grade A was most in group 2 (n = 73, 79.3%), and patient proportion with Gastric Cleanness Grade C was most found in group 1 (n = 72, 65.5%), which was greatly different (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference on the satisfaction scores [immediately 6 (3–8) vs. 6 (1–10) vs. 6 (1-9), P = 0.533; 2 h after 10 (8–10) vs. 10 (10–10) vs. 10 (8-10), P = 0.463].

Conclusion
Simethicone solution intake 31–60 min before esophagogastroduodenoscopy can help obtain the best gastric cleanness, which is recommended in clinical practice (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03776916 on December 13, 2018).
Impact of operational conditions on methane yield and microbial community composition during biological methanation in in situ and hybrid reactor systems
Authors: Wahid Radziah , Horn Svein Jarle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Biogas can be upgraded to methane biologically by adding H2 to biogas reactors. The process is called biological methanation (BM) and can be done in situ in a regular biogas reactor or the biogas can be transferred to a separate ex situ upgrading reactor. The hybrid BM concept, a combination of in situ and ex situ BM, has received little attention, and only a few studies have been reported. The hybrid BM has the advantage of resolving the issue of pH increment during in situ BM, while the size of the ex situ BM reactor could be reduced.

Results
In this study, the efficiency of in situ and hybrid biological methanation (BM) for upgrading raw biogas was investigated. The hybrid BM system achieved a CH4 yield of 257 mL gVS−1 when degrading a feedstock blend of manure and cheese waste. This represented an increase in methane yield of 76% when compared to the control reactor with no H2 addition. A 2:1 H2:CO2 ratio resulted in stable reactor performance, while a 4:1 ratio resulted in a high accumulation of volatile fatty acids. H2 consumption rate was improved when a low manure–cheese waste ratio (90%:10%) was applied. Furthermore, feeding less frequently (every 48 h) resulted in a higher CH4 production from CO2 and H2. Methanothermobacter was found to dominate the archaeal community in the in situ BM reactor, and its relative abundance increased over the experimental time. Methanosarcina abundance was negatively affected by H2 addition and was nearly non-existent at the end of the experiment.

Conclusions
Our results show that hybrid BM outperforms in situ BM in terms of total CH4 production and content of CH4 in the biogas. In comparison to in situ BM, the use of hybrid BM increased CH4 yield by up to 42%. Furthermore, addition of H2 at 2:1 H2:CO2 ratio in in situ BM resulted in stable reactor operation.