bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Across Borders: Brain or brain gain? A comparative in Czechia and Germany
Authors: Reissová Alice , Šimsová Jana , Sonntag Ralph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe continuous drain of young university graduates leaving the country poses the threat of considerable loss, both economic and social. On the other hand, temporary labour migration can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know how). The objective of the article was to identify the attitude of German and Czech university undergraduates to labour migration and to explore the motivation factors that play a role in their decision-making. The research sample consisted of students of economics who study at regional universities in North Bohemia and neighbouring German Saxony. It was established that German students declare a greater interest in working abroad, but they tend to prefer temporary labour migration, while Czech students think more about permanently moving abroad, provided they are considering leaving for another country. Logistic forward stepwise regression was selected to establish significant explaining variables. Surprisingly, “higher salary” did not figure in the created models as an explaining variable in a single case. The amount of salary is an important motivation factor (both for Czech and German students), however, it is not the main factor which influences their decision to go abroad. The explaining variables “I want to live in a different country” and “the opportunity to gain international work experience” were shown in both cases. Governments as well as regional authorities should pay attention to the reasons why qualified workers decide on labour migration and they should pay due care to establishing why qualified workers want to live in a different country. Temporary labour migration should be encouraged and, at the same time, such conditions should be created to motivate highly qualified workers to return home.Highlights for public administration, management and planning:• The departure of young people with a university degree abroad represents considerable not only economic but also social losses.• Temporary labour migration, however, can bring positive effects (experience, foreign know-how). German students declare interest in temporary labour migration, while Czech students prefer permanent migration.• The salary is an important motivational factor (for both Czech and German students), but it is not the main factor that influences the decision to move abroad.• Governments, as well as regional authorities, should pay attention to the reasons that lead qualified workers to decide for labour migration and to look closely at answers to why young people want to live in another country.• Temporary labour migration should be supported by both government and regional authorities. In contrast, conditions should be created to eliminate permanent labour migration.
Corporate social responsibility of small- to medium-size enterprises as a solution to out-migration: an example from the hospitality sector
Authors: Jarkovská Petra , Jarkovská Martina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Local and regional authorities are often held responsible for implementing social and economic “population drain reduction” policies but at the same time are constrained with little fiscal power and inability to access resources. Being considered the “backbone” of local economies, it is on small- to medium-size enterprises (SMSEs) to come up with an “out-migration” solution which would be effective; yet at the same time sustainable, and adding social value to the local or regional development. Therefore, using a sample of 24 SMSEs from the hospitality industry environment, this paper empirically examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a prerequisite for employees’ affirmative work attitudes, such as job satisfaction (JS), effective organizational commitment (OC), and employees’ voluntary retention (R). Inspired by Carroll’s (2015, 2016) four-dimensional concept of CSR (economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic dimension), the findings suggest a significant causal relationship between CSR and the examined employees’ desirable behavior outcomes. However, it is mainly the ethical and legal dimension of CSR that influence all three employees’ affirmative work attitudes - JS, effective OC, and voluntary R. The contribution of this paper also lies in amounting to the body of scholarly literature on CSR in respect to employees. Most works focus on other stakeholders but employees, or are set in different cultural settings or geographical regions, mainly in Asia, and thus their findings might be difficult to implement in the Central European context.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

• CSR as a prerequisite for sustainable management of employees’ retention in small-to medium- size enterprises.

• CSR may act as an approach to reduce “out-migration” faced in local and regional development.

• SMSEs adding a social value to local and regional development.
Demographic and socio-economic factors influencing health inequalities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hübelová Dana , Ptáček Pavel , Šlechtová Tereza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Health inequalities, which could be prevented by appropriate means in various areas, are generally perceived as a consequence of injustice in the society and are mostly the result of inequalities in social determinants. The main goal of this article is to determine health inequalities defined by demographic and socio-economic factors at the level of districts of the Czech Republic in the period 2007–2018(due to the specific differences in data, the Capital City of Prague region was not included). The following statistical methods were used to process the data: correlation analysis, principal component analysis, composite indicator, cluster analysis and multidimensional factor analysis. The value of the composite indicator shows a very favorable situation in the districts of Praha-východ and Praha-západ (especially high proportion of university students, low unemployment, age index, infant mortality, abortion rate and housing subsidies), and the unfavourable situation in the districts of Chomutov, Teplice and Most (especially high housing and unemployment subsidies, low rate of university students, negative migration balance, high rates of infant mortality and abortion). The results specify regional disparities of demographic and socio-economic indicators that can cause health inequalities: negative regional disparities (Most, Teplice, Děčín, Bruntál, Karviná, Ostrava-město and Jeseník districts) and positive regional disparities (Praha-západ, Praha-východ, Mladá Boleslav, Jihlava and Brno-venkov). The study presents the results of analyses based on the example of smaller territorial units (districts) and confirms the existence of regional disparities in accordance with research at the national and international level.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

• Demographic factors are connected to socio-economic environmental factors (poverty, education, social exclusion, unemployment, social security, family situation etc.) that lead to regional health inequalities.

• The regional disparities of selected demographic and socio-economic indicators of the districts of the Czech Republic that cause health inequalities were specified.
Modelling urban mixed land-use prediction using influence parameters
Authors: Ghosh Poulomee Arun , Raval Pratap M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mixed land-use is a popular concept in urban planning due to its expected role in improving environmental sustainability as well as citizen’s quality of life. Land use planning and regulations are not stringent in many cities like those in India, and policies are liberal towards mixed land uses. In these cities, mixed land-uses are a natural phenomenon manifesting under various influencing parameters. However, for studies on mixed land-uses, these cities pose data insufficiency challenges, as vital comprehensive spatial information related to land-uses is not available. Moreover, there is no standardised methodology established to assess the spatial distribution of mixed land-uses at the city level. This research has developed a GIS-based model using Weighted Overlay Analysis to predict and visualise the probability of mixed land-use at the macro or city level for the case of Pune, India. The model uses the easily available spatial data of influencing parameters of mixed land-use as input for prediction instead of comprehensive real land-use data. The model is validated by comparing the predicted mixed land-use intensities with established indicators of mixed land-use for four neighbourhoods. It is found that parameters that influence mixed land-use such as connectivity, grain pattern, population density and access to amenities can be used to predict the probability of mixed land-use. Around 35 per cent of the city area of Pune has more than 0.67 probability of mixed land-use. The model can produce the probable mixed land-use distribution across the city and can be used to compute mixed land-use intensities for neighbourhoods.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

• Mixed land-use probability distribution for Pune City, India is generated using Weighted Overlay Analysis in GIS.

• As vital spatial data of land-use was unavailable, the prediction model uses data of influencing parameters of mixed land-uses such as population density, connectivity, grain pattern and access to amenities.

• The mixed land-use probabilities predicted can be used to compute mixed land-use intensities of neighbourhoods. It is validated by comparing with traditional mixed land-use indicators.
Landscape valuation of historical tourism site in Northern Iran: A case study from Sheikh-Zahed Tomb
Authors: Jahandideh-Kodehi Ghazaleh , Kavoosi-Kalashami Mohammad , Motamed Mohammad Karim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In Iran, the importance of landscapes and the need to preserve these unique assets is not particularly recognized especially at tourism and environmental sites. This study investigated the landscape valuation of Sheikh-Zahed Tomb in Northern Iran. The contingent valuation method (CVM), which is based on a survey model, was used to assess visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) in order to preserve the landscape. The data used in this study were collected though face-to-face interviews with 157 visitors to a historic tomb in the first half of 2019. The results indicate that the average of respondents’ WTP to preserve the landscape was 0.47 $ per year. The annual total economic value (TEV) of the landscape is estimated to be 11 960 782 $. Respondents’ age, monthly income of the respondent’s household, the tomb accessibility, the tomb architectural attraction, and proposed price for the landscape preservation had significant effects on WTP. Proposed empirical model (CVM) provides a comprehensive framework for illustrating landscape valuation of natural heritages and historical tourism sites globally as well as in Iran.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

• The evaluation of landscape values of historical site of Sheikh-Zahed tomb (Iran) for visitors is presented.

• Both types of qualitative and quantitative variables affect WTP of visitors for the landscape preservation.

• Among the key factors, the accessibility to the landscape affects its value for visitors, and the pristine and original landscape of the tomb is important for visitors.
What is the current state of geoparticipation in Czech municipalities?
Authors: Pánek Jiří , Pásztó Vít , Burian Jaroslav , Bakule Jakub , Lysek Jakub 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The active involvement of citizens in decision-making processes via geoparticipatory spatial tools is becoming a popular research field among geographers, GIScientists, environmental psychologists, political scientists and many others. This paper presents the idea of the Index of geoparticipation – an indicator-based index divided into three dimensions (communication, participation, transparency) that helps to evaluate the state of geoparticipation among Czech municipalities. It describes the current state of geoparticipation at the municipality level in Czechia. It aims to fill the research gap in finding which components of geoparticipation at the municipality level are being used, and how their use is affected by the size of municipalities and their membership of Local Agenda 21 networks. The paper builds upon an extensive dataset collected by the authors from all Czech municipalities (n=6 258) and presents various “shades” of geoparticipation in Czechia.

Highlights for public administration, management and planning:

• The highest average values of the Index of geoparticipation were obtained from the regions’ capital cities, followed by statutory cities, municipalities with extended powers, municipalities which are members of the Healthy Cities of the Czech Republic (HCCZ) network and cities.

• HCCZ member municipalities use geoparticipatory tools significantly more than the rest of the Czech municipalities

• The communication dimension is the most widely implemented pillar of the Index of geoparticipation

• There is no significant relationship between social exclusion and geoparticipation at the nationwide level
Technology of two-dimensional bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition
Authors: Shchelykalina S. P. , Nikolaev D. V. , Kolesnikov V. A. , Korostylev K. A. , Starunova O. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The BIA primary result sheets as a rule contain one-dimensional graphical scales with a selected area of normal values. In 1994, Piccoli et al. proposed BIVA, an alternative form of BIA data presentation, where two bioimpedance parameters are considered simultaneously as tolerance ellipses: resistance and reactance normalized to height.
The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to data analysis in body composition bioimpedance research in two-dimensional representations.
The data of 1.124.668 patients aged 5 to 85 years who underwent a bioimpedance study in Russian Health Centers from 2009 to 2015 were used. Statistical programming in the R Studio environment was carried out to estimate two-dimensional distribution densities of pairs of body composition parameters for each year of life.
The non-Gaussian distribution is found in most parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition for most ages (Lilliefors test, p-value << 0.0001). The slices of the actual two-dimensional distribution pairs of body composition parameters had an irregular shape. The authors of the article propose using the actually observed distribution for populations where numerous bioimpedance studies have already been carried out. Such technology can be called two-dimensional bioimpedance analysis of human body composition (2DBIA). The 2DBIA approach is clearer for practitioners and their patients due to the use of body composition parameters in addition to electrical impedance parameters.
Electrical impedance characterization of in vivo porcine tissue using machine learning
Authors: Chiang Stephen , Eschbach Matthew , Knapp Robert , Holden Brian , Miesse Andrew , Schwaitzberg Steven , Titus Albert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The incorporation of sensors onto the stapling platform has been investigated to overcome the disconnect in our understanding of tissue handling by surgical staplers. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of in vivo porcine tissue differentiation using bioimpedance data and machine learning methods. In vivo electrical impedance measurements were obtained in 7 young domestic pigs, using a logarithmic sweep of 50 points over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Tissues studied included lung, liver, small bowel, colon, and stomach, which was further segmented into fundus, body, and antrum. The data was then parsed through MATLAB's classification learner to identify the best algorithm for tissue type differentiation. The most effective classification scheme was found to be cubic support vector machines with 86.96% accuracy. When fundus, body and antrum were aggregated together as stomach, the accuracy improved to 88.03%. The combination of stomach, small bowel, and colon together as GI tract improved accuracy to 99.79% using fine k nearest neighbors. The results suggest that bioimpedance data can be effectively used to differentiate tissue types in vivo. This study is one of the first that combines in vivo bioimpedance tissue data across multiple tissue types with machine learning methods.
Inventory: The pesticides application and its risk assessment in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla-Morocco
Authors: Hafiane Fatima Zahra , Bouzaidi Hind El , Nouayti Nordine , Tahri Latifa , Jarmouni Mohamed El , Didi Salahdine , Fekhaoui Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The industrialization of the agricultural sector increases the use of pesticides, which are composed of chemical substances, such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, and rodenticides, that are adapted to the control of undesirable plants and animals. All these phytosanitary products have varying degrees of toxicity, which risks human life. This study aimed to make an inventory of the pesticides used in the irrigated perimeter of Beni Moussa and Beni Aamir in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region. The data collection through questionnaires took place between January and February 2016 and covered all the study areas. The questionnaires are focused on the mode of packaging management, sale and purchase of pesticides. The results demonstrated the existence of different pesticides and active substances used for crop protection in the region. Among 63 molecules, 14 active substances were detected, where the active substances are not approved by the world health organization, which considers it as carcinogenic substances. During phytosanitary treatments by farmers, these active substances come into direct contact with the soil, presenting a permanent risk to the environmental compartments, including groundwaters.
Estimation methodology and the significance of the atmospheric water exchange flux in the river-lake systems of selected lobelia lakes in the vicinity of the Tri-City in Poland
Authors: Markowski Maciej , Golus Włodzimierz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article aims to present the methodology of estimating the atmospheric water exchange components in the lake. In the absence of direct precipitation and evaporation measurements, these water balance elements need to be estimated. However, the inadequate selection of precipitation and evaporation estimation methods causes the incorrect determination of the hydrological function of the lake and the effect it has on the formation of river drainage. Determination of the evaporation from the lake’s surface was based on the Davidov formula, which considered the monthly average surface temperature of a given lake. The saturated water vapour pressure under the lake’s monthly mean surface water temperature (TWP) was calculated according to ISO 13788 standard. The interpolation method, which is the inverse-distance deterministic method (IDW), was used to calculate precipitation reaching the lake surface. The calculations were made for three hydrological years diverse in terms of humidity and thermal conditions. The methodology for estimating the components of atmospheric water exchange was presented on a small river-lake system of the upper Gościcina River catchment, an example of a postglacial lake district area. The lake elements of this system are lobelia lakes, poorly known in terms of water circulation. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, unjustified activities regarding assessing the water circulation conditions in this river-lake system led to changes in water relations, causing environmental, financial and social losses.
The exotic gastropod Clea helena (von dem Busch, 1847) as a predator of freshwater gastropods: a threat to native biota in India?
Authors: Paul Pranesh , Paul Koushik , Karmakar Rupsha , Shee Arnab , Kumar Debaditya , Aditya Gautam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The carnivorous snail Clea (Anentome) helena (von dem Busch, 1847) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), commonly called as the “assassin snail” is sold worldwide including India for aesthetics and the ability to kill pest snails in aquaria. Assuming invasion as a fair possibility, the predation potential of C. helena on seven native freshwater snails was assessed. The exotic predator consumed all the native snail species provided in the experiment and prey consumption varied with the prey species identity, the prey density and the prey size class. Future colonization and establishment of C. helena in Indian freshwater ecosystems may reduce the abundance of the native gastropod snails, in absence of suitable intervention.
River minimum flow changes under dammed reservoir conditions
Authors: Tomaszewski Edmund 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to assess what range of downstream low flow changes is caused by dam construction directly. An investigation was based on the assumption that the difference in change ratio of flow between gauging cross-sections located downstream and upstream position of dammed reservoir identifies the scope of changes determined by dam construction. Three dammed reservoirs located on Polish rivers were selected for analysis. They were different in size, hydrological regime and water management purposes. For each reservoir pair of water, gauges were selected. The input data were daily discharge series collected by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. For each time series 20-year period before and after dam construction was established. Comparison of annual minimum flow ratios for these peri-ods as well as analysis of low flow dynamics and inertia allowed to identify range and direction of changes caused by investigated reservoirs.
Phonetic convergence in the shadowing for natural and synthesized speech in Polish
Authors: Jankowska Karolina , Kuczmarski Tomasz , Demenko Grażyna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The matter of shadowing natural speech has been discussed in many studies and papers. However, there is very little knowledge of human phonetical convergence to synthesized speech. To find out more about this issue an experiment in the Polish language was conducted. Two types of stimuli were used – natural speech and synthesised speech. Five sets of sentences with various phonetic phenomena in Polish were prepared. A group of twenty persons were recorded which gave the total number of 100 samples for each phenomenon. The summary of results shows convergence in both natural and synthesised speech in set number 1, 2, 4 while in group 3 and 5 the convergence was not observed. The baseline production shown that the great majority of participants prefer ɛn/ɛm version of phonetic feature which was reflected in 83 out of 100 sentences. In the shadowing natural speech participants changed ɛn/ɛm to ɛw/ɛ̃ in 26 cases and in 4 ɛw/ɛ̃ to ɛn/ɛm. When shadowing synthesised speech shift from ɛn/ɛm to ɛw/ɛ̃ in 18 sentences and 4 from ɛw/ɛ̃ to ɛn/ɛm. The intonation convergence was also observed in the perceptual analysis, however the analysis of F0 statistics did not show statistically significant differences.