bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and longer-term psychological distress associated with testing positive for COVID-19: longitudinal evidence from a population-based study of US adults
Authors: Daly Michael , Robinson Eric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced a considerable public health burden but the impact that contracting the disease has on mental health is unclear. In this observational population-based cohort study, we examined longitudinal changes in psychological distress associated with testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsParticipants (N = 8002; observations = 139 035) were drawn from 23 waves of the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative probability-based online panel of American adults followed-up every 2 weeks from 1 April 2020 to 15 February 2021. Psychological distress was assessed using the standardized total score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.ResultsOver the course of the study, 576 participants reported testing positive for COVID-19. Using regression analysis including individual and time-fixed effects we found that psychological distress increased by 0.29 standard deviations (p < 0.001) during the 2-week period when participants first tested positive for COVID-19. Distress levels remained significantly elevated (d = 0.16, p < 0.01) for a further 2 weeks, before returning to baseline levels. Coronavirus symptom severity explained changes in distress attributable to COVID-19, whereby distress was more pronounced among those whose symptoms were more severe and were slower to subside.ConclusionsThis study indicates that testing positive for COVID-19 is associated with an initial increase in psychological distress that diminishes quickly as symptoms subside. Although COVID-19 may not produce lasting psychological distress among the majority of the general population it remains possible that a minority may suffer longer-term mental health consequences.
Implementation of virtual reality for patient distraction during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Zablah Jenny E. , Rodriguez Salvador A. , Leahy Ryan , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUntil now, the application of virtual reality as a distraction model has been widely described in the medical field, showing different benefits offered on patient’s perception, particularly related to pain and anxiety. Previous clinical experience of virtual reality applications on surgical intervention has shown how during procedures with local anaesthesia, this modality improves patients’ experience without changing times, costs, and clinical outcomes. Herein, we report our experience with three patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation, showing the effect of this technology on patients’ perception and metrics during the procedure.
The Signal of Solar Storms Embedded in Cosmogenic Radionuclides: Detectability and Uncertainties
Authors: Mekhaldi F. , Adolphi F. , Herbst K. , Muscheler R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe threat that solar storms pose to our ever‐modernizing society has gathered significant interest in the recent past. This is partly due to the discoveries of large peaks in the content of cosmogenic radionuclides such as radiocarbon (14C) in tree rings and beryllium‐10 (10Be) and chlorine‐36 (36Cl) in ice cores that were linked to extreme solar storms dated to the past millennia. To better assess the threat that they represent, we need to better quantify the relationship between their energy spectrum and their magnitude with respect to the content of the radionuclides that we measure in environmental archives such as ice cores. Here, we model the global production rate that the 59 largest particle storms coming from the Sun have induced for 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl during the past 70 years. We also consider the deposition flux in 10Be and 36Cl over the high latitudes where all Greenland ice cores are located. Our analysis shows that it is unlikely that any recent solar particle event can be detected in 10Be from ice cores. By relating these values to empirical data from ice cores, we are able to quantify different detection limits and uncertainties for 10Be and 36Cl. Due to different sensitivities to solar energetic particles, we assess that 10Be may only be suitable to detect a limited number of extreme solar storms, while 36Cl is suitable to detect any extreme particle event. This implies that the occurrence‐rate estimates of extreme solar storms, based mainly on 14C and 10Be, relate to a small population of potential events.
Multi‐Year Statistics of LEO Energetic Electrons as Observed by the Korean NextSat‐1
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Min Kyoung Wook , Seo Hoonkyu , Kim Eo‐Jin , Ryu Kwangsun , Sohn Jongdae , Seon Jongho , Yoo Ji‐Hyeon , Lee Seunguk , Kress Brian , Lee Junchan , Woo Changho , Lee Dae‐Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonitoring the Earth's radiation belt by Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites has a long history and complemented observations near the high‐altitude equatorial plane. However, most of the previous LEO missions suffered from limitations in energy resolution, energy range, L‐shell coverage, or the mission lifetime, which leave room for further improvement in this topic. For <80 keV electrons, the slot‐region outer edge at LEO moves inward with increasing geomagnetic activity, which agrees with previous Van Allen Probes reports. The behavior is more conspicuous for lower‐energy electrons. Latitudinal profiles of outer‐belt electron flux are smoother equatorward of the geosynchronous footprint latitudes (|MLAT| ∼ 66°) than poleward. The NextSat‐1 electron flux is positively correlated to geosynchronous observations, with the coefficient generally higher for higher electron energies. Also, both the geosynchronous and NextSat‐1 data exhibit similar spectral indices close to −3 in the log‐log space. All these results complement and expand previous knowledge on energetic electrons. The main findings are discussed in the context of existing literature.
Modeling Daily Floods in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin Using an Improved Hydrological‐Hydrodynamic Model
Authors: Wang Jie , Yun Xiaobo , Pokhrel Yadu , Yamazaki Dai , Zhao Qiudong , Chen Aifang , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDaily floods including event, characteristic, extreme and inundation in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin (LMRB), crucial for flood projection and forecasting, have not been adequately modeled. An improved hydrological‐hydrodynamic model (VIC and CaMa‐Flood) considering regional parameterization was developed to simulate the flood dynamics over the basin from 1967 to 2015. The flood elements were extracted from daily time series and evaluated at both local and regional scales using the data collected from in‐situ observations and remote sensing. The results show that the daily discharge and water level are both well simulated at selected stations with relative error (RE) less than 10% and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) over 0.90. Half of the flood events have NSE exceeding 0.76. The peak time and flood volume are well reproduced while both peak discharge and water level are slightly underestimated. The results tend to worsen when the characteristics of flood events are extended to annual extremes. These extremes are generally underestimated with NSE less than 0.5 but RE is within 20%. The simulated rainy season inundation area generally agrees with observations from remote sensing, with about 86.8% inundation occurrence frequency captured within the model capacity. Ignoring the regional parameterization and reservoir regulation can both deteriorate flood simulation performance at the local scale, resulting in lower NSE. Specifically, systematically higher water levels and up to 27% overestimation of peak discharge are found when ignoring regional parameterization, while ignoring reservoir regulation would cause up to 23% overestimation for flood extremes. It is expected that these findings would contribute to the regional flood forecasting and flood management.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals ex vivo signatures of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells through ‘reverse phenotyping’
Authors: Fischer David S. , Ansari Meshal , Wagner Karolin I. , Jarosch Sebastian , Huang Yiqi , Mayr Christoph H. , Strunz Maximilian , Lang Niklas J. , D’Ippolito Elvira , Hammel Monika , Mateyka Laura , Weber Simone , Wolff Lisa S. , Witter Klaus , Fernandez Isis E. , Leuschner Gabriela , Milger Katrin , Frankenberger Marion , Nowak Lorenz , Heinig-Menhard Katharina , Koch Ina , Stoleriu Mircea G. , Hilgendorff Anne , Behr Jürgen , Pichlmair Andreas , Schubert Benjamin , Theis Fabian J. , Busch Dirk H. , Schiller Herbert B. , Schober Kilian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe in vivo phenotypic profile of T cells reactive to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 antigens remains poorly understood. Conventional methods to detect antigen-reactive T cells require in vitro antigenic re-stimulation or highly individualized peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) multimers. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify and profile SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. To do so, we induce transcriptional shifts by antigenic stimulation in vitro and take advantage of natural T cell receptor (TCR) sequences of clonally expanded T cells as barcodes for ‘reverse phenotyping’. This allows identification of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs and reveals phenotypic effects introduced by antigen-specific stimulation. We characterize transcriptional signatures of currently and previously activated SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, and show correspondence with phenotypes of T cells from the respiratory tract of patients with severe disease in the presence or absence of virus in independent cohorts. Reverse phenotyping is a powerful tool to provide an integrated insight into cellular states of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells across tissues and activation states.
Valley-selective optical Stark effect of exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor
Authors: LaMountain Trevor , Nelson Jovan , Lenferink Erik J. , Amsterdam Samuel H. , Murthy Akshay A. , Zeng Hongfei , Marks Tobin J. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Hersam Mark C. , Stern Nathaniel P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelective breaking of degenerate energy levels is a well-known tool for coherent manipulation of spin states. Though most simply achieved with magnetic fields, polarization-sensitive optical methods provide high-speed alternatives. Exploiting the optical selection rules of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, the optical Stark effect allows for ultrafast manipulation of valley-coherent excitons. Compared to excitons in these materials, microcavity exciton-polaritons offer a promising alternative for valley manipulation, with longer lifetimes, enhanced valley coherence, and operation across wider temperature ranges. Here, we show valley-selective control of polariton energies in WS2 using the optical Stark effect, extending coherent valley manipulation to the hybrid light-matter regime. Ultrafast pump-probe measurements reveal polariton spectra with strong polarization contrast originating from valley-selective energy shifts. This demonstration of valley degeneracy breaking at picosecond timescales establishes a method for coherent control of valley phenomena in exciton-polaritons.
Towards a synthetic cell cycle
Authors: Olivi Lorenzo , Berger Mareike , Creyghton Ramon N. P. , De Franceschi Nicola , Dekker Cees , Mulder Bela M. , Claassens Nico J. , ten Wolde Pieter Rein , van der Oost John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent developments in synthetic biology may bring the bottom-up generation of a synthetic cell within reach. A key feature of a living synthetic cell is a functional cell cycle, in which DNA replication and segregation as well as cell growth and division are well integrated. Here, we describe different approaches to recreate these processes in a synthetic cell, based on natural systems and/or synthetic alternatives. Although some individual machineries have recently been established, their integration and control in a synthetic cell cycle remain to be addressed. In this Perspective, we discuss potential paths towards an integrated synthetic cell cycle.
Rapid ecosystem-scale consequences of acute deoxygenation on a Caribbean coral reef
Authors: Johnson Maggie D. , Scott Jarrod J. , Leray Matthieu , Lucey Noelle , Bravo Lucia M. Rodriguez , Wied William L. , Altieri Andrew H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLoss of oxygen in the global ocean is accelerating due to climate change and eutrophication, but how acute deoxygenation events affect tropical marine ecosystems remains poorly understood. Here we integrate analyses of coral reef benthic communities with microbial community sequencing to show how a deoxygenation event rapidly altered benthic community composition and microbial assemblages in a shallow tropical reef ecosystem. Conditions associated with the event precipitated coral bleaching and mass mortality, causing a 50% loss of live coral and a shift in the benthic community that persisted a year later. Conversely, the unique taxonomic and functional profile of hypoxia-associated microbes rapidly reverted to a normoxic assemblage one month after the event. The decoupling of ecological trajectories among these major functional groups following an acute event emphasizes the need to incorporate deoxygenation as an emerging stressor into coral reef research and management plans to combat escalating threats to reef persistence.
9-Cyanopyronin probe palette for super-multiplexed vibrational imaging
Authors: Miao Yupeng , Qian Naixin , Shi Lixue , Hu Fanghao , Min Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiplexed optical imaging provides holistic visualization on a vast number of molecular targets, which has become increasingly essential for understanding complex biological processes and interactions. Vibrational microscopy has great potential owing to the sharp linewidth of vibrational spectra. In 2017, we demonstrated the coupling between electronic pre-resonant stimulated Raman scattering (epr-SRS) microscopy with a proposed library of 9-cyanopyronin-based dyes, named Manhattan Raman Scattering (MARS). Herein, we develop robust synthetic methodology to build MARS probes with different core atoms, expansion ring numbers, and stable isotope substitutions. We discover a predictive model to correlate their vibrational frequencies with structures, which guides rational design of MARS dyes with desirable Raman shifts. An expanded library of MARS probes with diverse functionalities is constructed. When coupled with epr-SRS microscopy, these MARS probes allow us to demonstrate not only many versatile labeling modalities but also increased multiplexing capacity. Hence, this work opens up next-generation vibrational imaging with greater utilities.
Direct probing of phonon mode specific electron–phonon scatterings in two-dimensional semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Lee Duk Hyun , Choi Sang-Jun , Kim Hakseong , Kim Yong-Sung , Jung Suyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectron–phonon scatterings in solid-state systems are pivotal processes in determining many key physical quantities such as charge carrier mobilities and thermal conductivities. Here, we report direct probing of phonon mode specific electron–phonon scatterings in layered semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides WSe2, MoSe2, WS2, and MoS2 through inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy measurements, quantum transport simulations, and density functional calculation. We experimentally and theoretically characterize momentum-conserving single- and two-phonon electron–phonon scatterings involving up to as many as eight individual phonon modes in mono- and bilayer films, among which transverse, longitudinal acoustic and optical, and flexural optical phonons play significant roles in quantum charge flows. Moreover, the layer-number sensitive higher-order inelastic electron–phonon scatterings, which are confirmed to be generic in all four semiconducting layers, can be attributed to differing electronic structures, symmetry, and quantum interference effects during the scattering processes in the ultrathin semiconducting films.
Alpha-synuclein research: defining strategic moves in the battle against Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Oliveira Luis M. A. , Gasser Thomas , Edwards Robert , Zweckstetter Markus , Melki Ronald , Stefanis Leonidas , Lashuel Hilal A. , Sulzer David , Vekrellis Kostas , Halliday Glenda M. , Tomlinson Julianna J. , Schlossmacher Michael , Jensen Poul Henning , Schulze-Hentrich Julia , Riess Olaf , Hirst Warren D. , El-Agnaf Omar , Mollenhauer Brit , Lansbury Peter , Outeiro Tiago F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the advent of the genetic era in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research in 1997, α-synuclein was identified as an important player in a complex neurodegenerative disease that affects >10 million people worldwide. PD has been estimated to have an economic impact of $51.9 billion in the US alone. Since the initial association with PD, hundreds of researchers have contributed to elucidating the functions of α-synuclein in normal and pathological states, and these remain critical areas for continued research. With this position paper the authors strive to achieve two goals: first, to succinctly summarize the critical features that define α-synuclein’s varied roles, as they are known today; and second, to identify the most pressing knowledge gaps and delineate a multipronged strategy for future research with the goal of enabling therapies to stop or slow disease progression in PD.
Host preference and invasiveness of commensal bacteria in the Lotus and Arabidopsis root microbiota
Authors: Wippel Kathrin , Tao Ke , Niu Yulong , Zgadzaj Rafal , Kiel Niklas , Guan Rui , Dahms Eik , Zhang Pengfan , Jensen Dorthe B. , Logemann Elke , Radutoiu Simona , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Garrido-Oter Ruben 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoots of different plant species are colonized by bacterial communities, that are distinct even when hosts share the same habitat. It remains unclear to what extent the host actively selects these communities and whether commensals are adapted to a specific plant species. To address this question, we assembled a sequence-indexed bacterial culture collection from roots and nodules of Lotus japonicus that contains representatives of most species previously identified using metagenomics. We analysed taxonomically paired synthetic communities from L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana in a multi-species gnotobiotic system and detected signatures of host preference among commensal bacteria in a community context, but not in mono-associations. Sequential inoculation experiments revealed priority effects during root microbiota assembly, where established communities are resilient to invasion by latecomers, and that host preference of commensal bacteria confers a competitive advantage in their cognate host. Our findings show that host preference in commensal bacteria from diverse taxonomic groups is associated with their invasiveness into standing root-associated communities.
Development of mortality prediction model in the elderly hospitalized AKI patients
Authors: Peng Jing-Cheng , Wu Ting , Wu Xi , Yan Ping , Kang Yi-Xin , Liu Yu , Zhang Ning-Ya , Liu Qian , Wang Hong-Shen , Deng Ying-Hao , Wang Mei , Luo Xiao-Qin , Duan Shao-Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) correlates with increased health-care costs and poor outcomes in older adults. However, there is no good scoring system to predict mortality within 30-day, 1-year after AKI in older adults. We performed a retrospective analysis screening data of 53,944 hospitalized elderly patients (age > 65 years) from multi-centers in China. 944 patients with AKI (acute kidney disease) were included and followed up for 1 year. Multivariable regression analysis was used for developing scoring models in the test group (a randomly 70% of all the patients). The established models have been verified in the validation group (a randomly 30% of all the patients). Model 1 that consisted of the risk factors for death within 30 days after AKI had accurate discrimination (The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, AUROC: 0.90 (95% CI 0.875–0.932)) in the test group, and performed well in the validation groups (AUROC: 0.907 (95% CI 0.865–0.949)). The scoring formula of all-cause death within 1 year (model 2) is a seven-variable model including AKI type, solid tumor, renal replacement therapy, acute myocardial infarction, mechanical ventilation, the number of organ failures, and proteinuria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of model 2 was > 0.80 both in the test and validation groups. Our newly established risk models can well predict the risk of all-cause death in older hospitalized AKI patients within 30 days or 1 year.
Knockout of CaV1.3 L-type calcium channels in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Kilicarslan Irem , Zanetti Lucia , Novelli Elena , Schwarzer Christoph , Strettoi Enrica , Koschak Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRetinitis Pigmentosa is a genetically heterogeneous, degenerative retinal disorder characterized by gradual dysfunction and death of photoreceptors, first rods and later cones, and progressive blindness. Studies suggested that application of L-type calcium channel blockers rescues photoreceptors in paradigms related to Ca2+ overflow. To investigate whether Cav1.3 L-type channels have protective effects in the retina, we established a new mouse model by crossing rd10, modeling autosomal-recessive RP, with Cav1.3 deficient mice (rd10/Cav1.3KO). Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed an influence of Cav1.3 channels on the degenerative process of photoreceptors. The absence of Cav1.3 delayed the centre-to-periphery degeneration of rods indicated by a significantly higher number of photoreceptor rows and, consequently, of cones. In accordance with a preserved number of cones we observed a regular row of cone somas in rd10/Cav1.3-KO retinas. Surviving rod photoreceptors maintained synaptic contacts with rod bipolar cells. However, the delay in degeneration was only observed up to postnatal day 45. Although we observed a reduction in the spontaneous oscillatory retinal activity during multielectrode array analyses, measurable functional preservation was lacking in behavioural tests. In conclusion, Cav1.3 channels contribute to photoreceptor degeneration in rd10 retinas but photoreceptor temporary rescue might rather be achieved indirectly through other retinal cell layers.