bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Geriatrics-Focused Hospitalist Trauma Comanagement Program Improves Survival and Quality Measures for Older Adults: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Zhang Nasen J. , Sinvani Liron , Leung Tung Ming , Qiu Michael , Meyer Cristy L. , Sharma Ankita , Kurian Linda M. , Bank Matthew A. , Kast Charles L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Given the increasing age and medical complexity of trauma patients, medical comanagement has been adopted as a strategy for high-risk patients. This study aimed to determine whether a geriatrics-focused hospitalist trauma comanagement program improves outcomes.Methods: A pre- and post-implementation study compared older adult trauma patients who were comanaged by a hospitalist with those prior to comanagement at a Level 1 trauma center. Criteria for comanagement included: age 65+, multiple comorbidities, and use of high-risk medications. Comanagement focused on geriatric trauma management guidelines. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on age, gender, Injury Severity Score, Charlson comorbidity index, and initial admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Outcomes included hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and orders for geriatrics-focused quality indicators. Differences were compared with the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous variables and chi- square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.Results: From 792 control and 365 intervention patients, PSM resulted in 290 matched pairs. Three intervention group patients died compared to 14 in the control group (p=0.0068). Hospital LOS, 30-day readmission, ICU LOS, and ICU upgrades were not significantly different between groups. There was an overall trend toward improved geriatrics-focused quality indicators in the intervention group. Intervention group was less likely to be restrained (p=0.04), received earlier physical therapy (p=0.01), more doses of acetaminophen compared to control patients (p<0.0001), and more subcutaneous enoxaparin rather than heparin (p=0.0027).Discussion: Our main findings highlight the higher medical complexity and increased risks in older adult trauma patients, as well as the mortality reduction and adherence increase to geriatrics-focused quality indicators. Limitations of our study included use of a single center, the possibility of selection bias in analyzing historical data, and a low sample size, all of which may limit generalizability. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that a geriatrics-focused hospitalist trauma comanagement program improves survival and quality of care.
Analysis of the extracorporeal anticoagulation effect of modified citrate infusion during continuous haemodialysis in critically ill patients
Authors: Guo Litao , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the anticoagulation effect of different local infusion methods for citrate continuous haemodialysis in critically ill patients in order to identify a safe and effective citrate infusion method. Critically ill patients admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to December 2019 who underwent continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using citrate for anticoagulation were divided into the conventional citrate infusion before the filter (conventional group) and citrate infusion group according to the different local citrate infusion methods (modified group). A total of 30 treatment sessions were performed for each group. the modified group patients were found to have longer mean treatment times(67.67 ± 18.69 vs 52.11 ± 24.26,p = 0.007), lower transmembrane pressures at the disconnection time from dialysis circuit(147.77 ± 66.85 vs 200.63 ± 118.66,p = 0.038), fewer citrate bag replacements(1.43 ± 0.50 vs 10.60 ± 3.19,p < 0.001), and steady ionised calcium at the venous end compared to the conventional group patients with statistically significant differences(0.35 ± 0.06 vs 0.40 ± 0.05,p = 0.006). The total calcium level was significantly higher in the conventional group patients than those of the other(2.29 ± 0.23 vs 2.19 ± 0.14,p = 0.038). Incidences of citrate accumulation and tubing coagulation were also marginally lower in the modified group. We infer that the modified local citrate infusion method can prolong the treatment time, reduce the nursing workload and the occurrence of citrate accumulation, resulting in safe and effective clinical outcome.
Prosocial Modeling Matters: The Association between Parent and Faculty Involvement in Fighting COVID-19 with Medical Students’&nbsp;Career Commitment
Authors: Wang Dan , Ye Xiaoyang , Wu Hongbin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Role models play an important role in enhancing students’ intention to pursue medical careers. While, as the two most influential role models for medical students, there is limited research to explore the different impacts between faculty and parents. This study investigated the association of different role model’s prosocial behavior of joining the fight against novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical students’ career commitment. We examined whether there are different effects and how these effects differ among different medical students.Method: A national-scale survey was conducted with 118,030 undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine in mainland China. Questions were asked to collect information of participants in the battle of COVID-19, medical students’ determination of practicing medicine after graduation, as well as students’ socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests and hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the effects of parent and faculty involvement on students’ career commitment.Results: The results showed that prosocial modeling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China is associated with students’ intention to pursue medical careers. The effect of faculty was greater than that of parents on medical students. Gender was related to the effects. And those who already determined to be the doctor before the pandemic were much more likely to persist in the medical profession.Conclusions: Our study provides more definitive answers to the issue of who has a greater effect on medical students’ career commitment between parents and faculty. Encouraging faculty to act as positive role models could help medical students increase the intention to become doctors.
Molecular Modeling and Virtual Screening of Molecular Inhibitors for Leptospiral Collagenase
Authors: Kumar Vikram , Srikaku Nagesh , Aathmanathan Veeranarayanan Surya , Satheeshkumar Padikara K , Madathiparambil Madanan Gopalakrishnan , Krishnan Muthukalingan , Tennyson Jebasingh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Collagenase is a virulence factor which facilitates the invasion of pathogenic Leptospira into the host. In the present study, the model of Leptopsiral collagenase was constructed by employing threading method with the crystal structure of collagenase G. Three ligand binding sites at N- terminus, catalytic site and C-terminus were predicted by Metapocket server. Among sixty seven inhibitors from the ChEBI and Zinc databases, Protohypericin is predicted as the best inhibitor since it binds at the catalytic site of Leptopsiral collagenase. Molecular dynamic simulation studies validated the stability of interaction between the active site of Leptospiral collagenase and Protohypericin. The docking and molecular simulation studies corroborated the potential of the ligand to curb leptospiral infection.
On-machine Measurement and Uncertainty Analysis for Semicircular Narrow Neck Thickness based on Ultra-precision Machine Tool
Authors: Jin Xin , Gao Ruilin , Li Chaojiang , Zheng Zhong peng , Zuo zhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As flexible joint is a typical low-rigidity micro part, which have four narrow neck structures evenly distributed around its central axis, it is necessary to strictly control the dimensional accuracy of the narrow necks to improve the consistency of stiffness. However, the radius of the arc of the narrow necks is less than 2mm, and the thickness of thinnest part of the necks formed by two adjacent arcs is only tens of microns, which also has sub-micron accuracy requirement. These cross-scale dimensional characteristics and accuracy requirements give rise to extremely difficulty on the measuring process. In this paper, an on-machine measurement method for the semicircular narrow necks was presented and a measuring device was developed based on the comparative principle by making full use of the high linearity characteristic in the small measuring range of the sensor probes. Meanwhile, the on-machine measurement process based on ultra-precision machine tools was also introduced in details. The experiments results show that the uncertainty of the measurement method proposed is less than 0.2µm, and the repeatability is less than 0.1μm, which meet the measuring requirement of flexible joint. Furthermore, the effect of probe position, measurement force, environmental factor and the accuracy of the sensor on total measuring accuracy was analyzed, which could provide further evidences to improve the measuring accuracy. of micro-scale hybrid surface texture.
Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) Positivity Among Female Sex Workers: a Cross-sectional Study Highlighting One-year Experiences in Early Detection of Pre-cancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Namale Gertrude , Mayanja Yunia , Kamacooko Onesmus , Bagiire Daniel , Ssali Agnes , Seeley Janet , Newton Robert , Kamali Anatoli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Although cervical cancer is preventable, most women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) do not receive routine screening and few treatment options exist. Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are among the Ugandan female population at highest risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and human papilloma viruses (HPV), the cause of cervical cancer. We report one-year experiences of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among FSWs in the early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: Between June 2014 and July 2015, we enrolled FSWs into a cross-sectional study at a research clinic. The women were screened using the VIA method (application of 3-5% acetic acid to the cervix). All VIA positive women were referred to a tertiary hospital for colposcopy, biopsy, and immediate treatment (if indicated) at the same visit according to national guidelines. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour, sexual reproductive health and clinical characteristics were collected. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with VIA positivity.Results: Of 842 women assessed for eligibility, 719 (85%) of median age 30 (IQR 26, 35) were screened, and 40 (6%) women were VIA positive. Of the 24 histology specimens analysed, 6 showed inflammation, only 1 showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 13 women showed CIN2/3, while 4 women already had invasive cervical cancer. The overall prevalence of HIV was 43%, of whom only 35% were receiving ART. In the age-adjusted analysis, VIA positivity was more likely among women who reported having >100 life-time partners (aOR=3.34, 95%CI: 1.38-8.12), and HIV positive women (aOR=4.55; 95%CI: 2.12 - 9.84).Conclusion: We found a relatively low proportion of VIA positivity in this population. The experience from our program implies that the VIA results are poorly reproducible even among a category of trained professional health workers. VIA positivity was more likely among women with a high number of sexual partners and HIV infection. Interventions for improving cervical cancer screening should be recommended as part of HIV care for FSWs to reduce the disease burden in this population.
The Hidden Role of Racial Wealth Disparities in Older Adults’ Vulnerability to COVID-19
Authors: Winecoff Ruth , Ayyagari Padmaja , McInerney Melissa , Simon Kosali , Bundorf M. Kate 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To examine racial and ethnic differences in wealth and other economic, exposure and baseline health-related risks of COVID-19 among older adults in the U.S. Methods: Using rich data on wealth and long-term care use among older Americans unique to the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we quantify differences in COVID-19 vulnerability among non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents aged 50+. We measure wealth, other economic (insurance, income); exposure (long-term care, employment, telework, household size); and health (chronic conditions, smoking) risk stratified by age (50-64, 65+). Results: Blacks and Hispanics face dramatically greater financial risk that potentially increases exposure to COVID-19, relative to whites; Blacks and Hispanics are four to five times more likely to have no financial wealth. Blacks are also more likely than whites to use long-term care. Blacks and Hispanics also are less likely to have health insurance and face greater risk of exposure to COVID-19 because they are less likely to telework, and Hispanic older adults reside in larger households. Black and Hispanic older adults are also more likely to have a chronic condition associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that wealth differences may play a substantial role in contributing to the very large racial and ethnic disparities in the health burden of COVID-19. Racial disparities in long-term care, where COVID-19 risks are higher, contribute to make older Black Americans even more vulnerable to COVID-19.
Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block Enhance the Quality of Recovery in Patients following Parathyroidectomy with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hu Shenghong , Shu Teng , Xu Siqi , Ju Xia , Wang Shengbin , Ma Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Parathyroidectomy has been proposed as method for reduction of PTH levels. We evaluated the effects of ultrasound-guided BSCPB on the quality of recovery following parathyroidectomy with secondary hyperparathyroidism.Methods:Eighty-two patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with secondary hyperparathyroidism were randomly allocated to BSCPB group (ultrasound-guided BSCPB with 7.5ml of ropivacaine 0.5% on each side) and the CON group(normal saline).The primary outcome of QoR-40 score was recorded.Secondary outcomes including total consumption of propofol and remifentanil,the numbers of patient requiring rescue analgesia, the time to first require rescue analgesia, the incidence of PONV, and the VAS scores were recorded.Results:The score in the pain and emotional state dimensions of QoR-40,and total QoR-40 score were higher in the BSCPB group than the CON group on POD1(P=0.000).Compared with the CON group,the total consumption of propofol and remifentanil was significantly decreased in the BSCPB group (P=0.000).Compared with the CON group, the time to first require rescue analgesia was longer(P=0.018),and numbers of patient requiring rescue analgesia were decreased in the BSCPB group ( P=0.000).The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the BSCPB group than the CON group (P<0.05).The VAS scores in the BSCPB group were lower than the CON group in any time point after surgery (P=0.000). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided BSCPB with ropivacaine 0.5% can enhance the quality of recovery, postoperative analgesia, and reduce the incidence of PONV following parathyroidectomy with secondary hyperparathyroidism.Trial registration: ChiCTR1900027185. (Prospective registered). Initial registration date was 04/11/2019.
The compositions and pore structures of Benshanzhu Zisha ceramic
Authors: Lin Yu , Hu Chunyan , Ding Defang , Hang Haidong , Yang Chunrui , Li Yuanbing , Shen Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Yixing Zisha ceramics are popular traditional tea sets with a long history in China but there are seldom studies to explore their compositions and microstructures. In this work, Benshanzhu-Zisha, a typical representation of Zisha from Yixing City of China, is investigated. The XRD results demonstrate that the Benshan Zhu clay is the natural mineral compound, which contains the high hematite content. After sintering, in comparison with pottery and porcelain, Benshanzhu-Zisha has the highest hematite (11.5 wt%) and amorphous phase (71.2 wt%) and the lowest mullite (10.7 wt%). Moreover, there are many dispersed and thin pores in Benshanzhu-Zisha ranging from nanometer to micron, and there are large numbers of hematite particles in the pores. It is the unique pore structures that make Benshanzhu-Zisha be perfect brewing tea vessel, impermeable to water but breathable to gas.
Novel Blake drain with negative pressure in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Shaodong Gu , Hong Luo , Yingxun Wang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background：A drainage tube is generally retained after an abdominal surgery, especially in cases of postoperative bleeding or exudation. In recent years, negative pressure drainage or vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) has been extensively applied. However, the use of VSD in laparoscopic surgery is still challenging and has been rarely reported. Purpose: To introduce a novel Blake drain applied with negative pressure in laparoscopic surgeries. Materials/Methods: Two bar-shaped cuts were made at the end of the drainage tube, with one deeper than the other, and there were no other side holes retained. Thirty patients aged 4-8 years in novel drainage tube (NDT) group received the novel VSD after laparoscopic appendectomy or laparoscopic pyeloplasty, while those in the control traditional drainage tube (TDT) group received traditional drainage using the tube bearing side holes. Results：Tissue plugging and other complications were not observed in patients of NDT group. Significant differences were found in volume of drainage and cases of tissue plugging between NDT and TDT groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The novel technique is simple, safe and effective for VSD following laparoscopic surgery. It can prevent plugging of soft tissues into the tube and improve drainage effect.
Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensor for Epinine Determination Amplified with MgO/CNTs Nanocomposite and Ionic Liquid
Authors: Shahraki Shirin , Masrournia Mahboubeh , Karimi-Maleh Hassan 
Published: March 2021

Background:Catecholamines are a large group of pharmacological and biological compounds that are widely used in biological systems. These compounds are prepared both naturally and synthetically with many key roles in the human body and its activities. Therefore, many researchers focused on the identification and determination of catecholamines in biological samples.Methods:MgO/SWCNTs were synthesized through the chemical precipitation method. In addition, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and chronoamperometric methods were used for the electro-oxidation reaction study of epinine at the surface of the modified electrode.Results:Carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with MgO/SWCNTs nanocomposite and 1-butyl- 3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (BMMS) was used as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of epinine. The results showed a linear dynamic range of 5.0 nM-250 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 nM for epinine determination using MgO/SWCNTs/BMMS/CPE as a sensor.Conclusion:In the present study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was designed and fabricated as an analytical tool for the determination of epinine. MgO/SWCNTs/BMMS/CPE was successfully used for the determination of epinine in water and dextrose saline with an acceptable recovery range of 98.7%-102.72%.
Adolescent Peer Influence on Eating Behaviors via Social Media: Scoping Review
Authors: Chung Alicia , Vieira Dorice , Donley Tiffany , Tan Nicholas , Jean-Louis Girardin , Kiely Gouley Kathleen , Seixas Azizi 
Published: March 2021

Background
The influence of social media among adolescent peer groups can be a powerful change agent.

Objective
Our scoping review aimed to elucidate the ways in which social media use among adolescent peers influences eating behaviors.

Methods
A scoping review of the literature of articles published from journal inception to 2019 was performed by searching PubMed (ie, MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and other databases. The review was conducted in three steps: (1) identification of the research question and clarification of criteria using the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework; (2) selection of articles from the literature using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines; and (3) charting and summarizing information from selected articles. PubMed’s Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Embase’s Emtree subject headings were reviewed along with specific keywords to construct a comprehensive search strategy. Subject headings and keywords were based on adolescent age groups, social media platforms, and eating behaviors. After screening 1387 peer-reviewed articles, 37 articles were assessed for eligibility. Participant age, gender, study location, social media channels utilized, user volume, and content themes related to findings were extracted from the articles.

Results
Six articles met the final inclusion criteria. A final sample size of 1225 adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) from the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, and Australia were included in controlled and qualitative studies. Instagram and Facebook were among the most popular social media platforms that influenced healthful eating behaviors (ie, fruit and vegetable intake) as well as unhealthful eating behaviors related to fast food advertising. Online forums served as accessible channels for eating disorder relapse prevention among youth. Social media influence converged around four central themes: (1) visual appeal, (2) content dissemination, (3) socialized digital connections, and (4) adolescent marketer influencers.

Conclusions
Adolescent peer influence in social media environments spans the spectrum of healthy eating (ie, pathological) to eating disorders (ie, nonpathological). Strategic network-driven approaches should be considered for engaging adolescents in the promotion of positive dietary behaviors.