bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orale Therapie der Interstitiellen Zystitis: Pentosanpolysulfat-Natrium
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die im Moment favorisierte Entstehungstheorie der
Interstitiellen Zystitis/Blasenschmerzsyndrom (IC/BPS) stellt einen Defekt der das Urothel vor
Urinbestandteilen isolierenden Glycosaminoclycan-Schicht in den Vordergrund. Diese
Polysaccharid-Schicht kann durch eine orale Therapie mit dem Heparinoid Pentosanpolysulfat
(PPS) restituiert werden. Die Historie der Substanz, ihre Wirksamkeit, Bewertung in Leitlinien
und besonders die fraglichen Zusammenhänge mit einer Makulopathie sollen im Folgenden
vorgestellt werden.
Methodik Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Embase
Ergebnisse PPS besitzt eine US-amerikanische und europaweite
Zulassung zur Therapie der IC – zumeist geknüpft an den Nachweis von Glomerulationen oder
einem sog. Hunner-Ulcus in der Distensionszystoskopie. In randomisierten Zulassungsstudien
wurde die Wirksamkeit belegt. Dies führte zu einer Empfehlung als Basistherapeutikum der IC
neben verhaltensmodulierenden, diätetischen und medikamentös-flankierenden Maßnahmen wie z. B.
einer Schmerztherapie. Nach einer sechsmonatigen Therapie soll eine Reevaluation erfolgen. Zu
den Nebenwirkungen gehören der mild blutverdünnende Effekt, Übelkeit und Haarausfall. 2
Publikationen einer amerikanischen Augenklinik postulierten jüngst einen Zusammenhang einer
langjährigen, hoch dosierten Therapie mit einer bestimmten Form der retinalen Makulopathie.
Dieser Zusammenhang wurde in unabhängigen Registerstudien inzwischen widerlegt, führte aber
per Rote-Hand-Brief zu einem entsprechenden Warnhinweis in Deutschland. Aufgrund eines
Rechtsstreites zwischen den Kostenträgern und dem Hersteller über die Erstattung ist PPS in
Deutschland inselartig außer Handel, jedoch weiter verordnungsfähig und kann aus dem
europäischen Ausland reimportiert werden. Die Kosten schlagen in Deutschland mit rund 20 Euro
Tagestherapiekosten zu Buche. Dieser Umstand und viele Missverständnisse über die
Verordnungsmodalitäten haben bedauerlicherweise zu einer Verstärkung der schon bestehenden
Unterversorgung von IC-Patienten geführt. Es steht zu befürchten, dass mit zunehmender
Zeitdauer des laufenden Rechtsstreites diese Unterversorgung noch zunehmen wird.
Fazit Als einzige kausal wirkende orale Therapieform der IC
besitzt PPS einen besonderen Stellenwert. Allen Besonderheiten bzgl. der
Verordnungsmodalitäten und dem strittigen Zusammenhang mit einer möglichen Makulopathie zum
Trotz darf PPS Betroffenen nicht vorenthalten werden.
The Effect of Continuous PEEP Administration during Surfactant Instillation on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Intubated Preterm Infants: A NIRS Study
Authors: Bezirganoglu Handan , Okur Nilufer , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Oguz Serife Suna , Simsek Gulsum Kadioglu , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Kutman Gozde Kanmaz 
Published: September 2021

Objective There is an ongoing debate about the best and comfortable way to administer surfactant. We hypothesized that uninterrupted respiratory support and continuous PEEP implementation while instilling surfactant via endotracheal tube (ETT) with side port will result in higher regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rcSO2) and the alterations in cerebral hemodynamics will be minimal.
Study Design Preterm infants who required intubation in the delivery room and/or in the first 24 hours of life with gestational age <32 were enrolled. Patients were intubated either via conventional ETT or ETT with side port (Vygon) with appropriate sizes. Following neonatal intensive care unit admission a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) probe was placed on the forehead and each infant was started to be monitored with NIRS. In conventional ETT group, patients separated from the ventilator while surfactant was instilled. In ETT with side port group, respiratory support was not interrupted during instillation. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, rcSO2, cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), and blood pressures were recorded.
Results A total of 46 infants were analyzed. Surfactant was instilled with conventional ETT in 23 and ETT with side port in 23 infants. Birth weights (1,037 ± 238 vs. 1,152 ± 277 g) and gestational ages (28 ± 2.3 vs. 29 ± 1.6 weeks) did not differ between groups. During instillation of surfactant, rcSO2 levels [61.5 (49–90) vs. 70 (48–85)] and cFTOE levels 0.28 (0.10–0.44) vs. 0.23 (0.03–0.44)] were similar (p = 0.58 and 0.82, respectively).
Conclusion Interruption of respiratory support during surfactant instillation did not significantly alter the cerebral tissue oxygenation. These results did not support our hypothesis and should be confirmed with further studies.
Key Points
A Quality Assessment of Online Patient Information Regarding Rhinoplasty
Authors: Shamil Eamon , Scenza Gabriela Di , Ghani Shahi Abdul , Fan Ka Siu , Ragulan Suthaharan , Salem Joseph , Šurda Pavol , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a large demand for online patient information for patients considering rhinoplasty. While there are many resources available, the quality and content of the information provided are unknown. This study aimed to assess the quality of the most popular information available online, using the “Ensuring Quality Information for Patients” (EQIP) tool to evaluate the content, structure, and readability of patient information on websites. Search terms including nose operation, nose job, nose reshaping, nose tip surgery, rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, were identified using Google AdWords and Trends. Unique links from the first 10 pages for each term were identified and evaluated with websites written in English and for general non-medical public use were included. 295 websites met the eligibility criteria with a median overall EQIP score of 17. Only 33% contained balanced information on the risks and benefits. Bleeding and infection risk was only mentioned in 29% and 27% of websites, respectively. Two percent described complication rates of the procedures and only 20% of articles explained further surgery may be required to achieve patient cosmetic or functional satisfaction. Information regarding rhinoplasty available online is currently of poor quality. The lack of effective risk counselling, possible outcome management, and complications may likely lead to unrealistic expectations of rhinoplasty. It is crucial the risks of surgery are communicated to the patient to ensure they can make an informed decision. Improved education through online resources would likely help to promote more realistic patient expectations.
Thiamine Deficiency and Neurological Symptoms in Patients with Hematological Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Iimura Yohei , Andoh Shohei , Kawamata Toyotaka , Sato Aki , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Imai Yoichi , Tojo Arinobu , Nojima Masanori , Sugiura Munetoshi , Kuroda Seiichiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives Patients with hematological cancer receiving chemotherapy have a high risk of thiamine deficiency due to accelerated thiamine usage by tumor cells. Mild or severe thiamine deficiency can lead to varying degrees of neurological symptoms. We evaluated the relationship between thiamine deficiency and neurological symptoms, including mild or nonspecific symptoms, and the influence of chemotherapy on thiamine serum levels in patients with hematological cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified 42 patients diagnosed with hematological cancer at our hospital, using electronic medical records collected from March 2019 to March 2020. We evaluated the risk factors associated with neurological symptoms (mild-to-severe cognitive impairment, attention impairment, and mood or emotional disorder), the relationship between the presence of neurological symptoms and thiamine serum levels, and changes in thiamine serum levels after chemotherapy.

Results Thiamine deficiency was significantly associated with neurological symptoms. The thiamine serum levels in the group with neurological symptoms were significantly lower than those in the group without neurological symptoms. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that thiamine serum levels after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those before administration of chemotherapy.

Conclusion Thiamine serum levels in patients with hematological cancer may be used as a reference to maintain neurological status during chemotherapy.
Maternal Morbidity with Repeated Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Klahr Rebecca , Cheung Kevin , Markovic Emily S. , Naert Mackenzie , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan S. 
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to estimate the association between adverse maternal outcomes and the number of repeated cesarean deliveries (CDs) in a single obstetrical practice.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of all CDs between 2005 and 2020 in a single maternal fetal medicine practice. We used electronic records to get baseline characteristics and pregnancy/surgical outcomes based on the number of prior CDs. We performed two subgroup analyses for women with and without placenta previa. Chi-square for trend and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.
Results A total of 3,582 women underwent CD and met inclusion criteria. Of these women, 1,852 (51.7%) underwent their first cesarean, 950 (26.5%) their second, 382 (10.7%) their third, 191 (5.3%) their fourth, 117 (3.3%) their fifth, and 84 (2.3%) their sixth or higher CDs. The incidence of adverse outcomes (placenta accreta, uterine window, uterine rupture, hysterectomy, blood transfusion, cystotomy, bowel injury, need for a ventilator postpartum, intensive care unit admission, wound complications, thrombosis, reoperation, and maternal death) increased with additional CDs. However, the absolute rates remained low. In women without a placenta previa, the likelihood of adverse outcome did not differ across groups. In women with a placenta previa, adverse outcomes increased with increasing CDs. However, the incidence of placenta previa did not increase with increasing CDs (<5% in each group). The incidence of a uterine dehiscence increased significantly with additional CDs: first, 0.2%; second, 2.0%; third, 6.6%; fourth, 10.3%; fifth, 5.8%; and sixth or higher, 10.4% (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Maternal morbidity increases with CDs, but the absolute risks remain low. For women without placenta previa, increasing CDs is not associated with maternal morbidity. For women with placenta previa, risks are highest, but the incidence of placenta previa does not increase with successive CDs. The likelihood of uterine dehiscence increases significantly with increasing CDs which should be considered when deciding about timing of delivery in this population.
Key Points
Improved imaging using Mn He-α x rays at OMEGA EP
Authors: Fiedler Kawaguchi C. , Flippo K. A. , Rasmus A. M. , Tobias B. , Byvank T. , Di Stefano C. A. , Merritt E. C. , Doss F. W. , Kelso K. V. , Vazirani N. N. , Stoeckl C. , Bedzyk M. , Jungquist R. , Mileham C. 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we report on a crystal based x-ray imaging system fielded at the OMEGA EP laser facility. This new system has a pointing accuracy of +/100 μm, a temporal resolution down to 100 ps (depending on backlighter characteristics), variable magnification, and a spatial resolution of 21.9 µm at the object plane at a magnification of 15×. The system is designed to use a crystal along the crystal plane that satisfies the Bragg condition for the x ray of interest. The thin crystal is then bent into a spherical geometry and attached to a glass backing substrate to hold it in the diagnostic, and the x rays are imaged onto a charge coupled device. We report on data acquired with the new Los Alamos National Laboratory supplied spherical quartz crystal to image the Mn He-α 6.15 keV line emission.
Emergent electronic properties in Co-deposited superatomic clusters
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Schacht Julia , Hammerschmidt Lukas , Golovko Vladimir , Gaston Nicola , Halpert Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2021

We report an intercluster compound based on co-deposition of the Au cluster [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3 and the fulleride KC60(THF). Electronic properties characteristic for a charge interaction between superatoms emerge within the solid state material [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3−x(C60)x, as confirmed by UV–VIS and Raman spectroscopy and I–V measurements. These emergent properties are related to the superatomic electronic states of the initial clusters. The material is characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. Structural optimization and ab initio band structure calculations are performed with density functional theory to interpret the nature of the electronic states in the material; Bader charge calculations assign effective oxidation states in support of the superatomic model of cluster interactions.
Glycocalyx crowding with mucin mimetics strengthens binding of soluble and virus-associated lectins to host cell glycan receptors
Authors: Honigfort Daniel J. , Altman Meghan O. , Gagneux Pascal , Godula Kamil 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Like other animal hosts, humans are constantly challenged by pathogens. This has led to an evolution of physical barriers coating all mucosal tissues, which are most vulnerable to infection. An important part of this defense is a dense brush of large proteins, called mucins, which are heavily decorated with sugars and keep pathogens at bay. Deciphering how pathogens overcome the mucin barrier is necessary to understand early stages of infection and to develop more effective treatments. By artificially installing a mucin-like shield on the surfaces of cells using synthetic sugar–bearing polymers, we have discovered a physical mechanism by which proteins and viruses can exploit this barrier to adhere to their targets more strongly.
An L1 retrotransposon insertion–induced deafness mouse model for studying the development and function of the cochlear stria vascularis
Authors: Song Chenmeng , Li Jie , Liu Shuang , Hou Hanqing , Zhu Tong , Chen Jiaofeng , Liu Lian , Jia Yichang , Xiong Wei 
Published: September 2021

Significance
To gain better hearing sensitivity, the energetic and metabolic supplies are crucial for cochlea to develop a blood-labyrinth barrier containing abundant capillaries and cellular compartments. For example, the stria vascularis, the power plant of the cochlea, generates a +80 mV endocochlear potential and a 150 mM potassium concentration in the scala media. Previous studies of stria vascularis development and function have been largely focused on characterizing transcription factors, channels, and transporters. In our study, we identify a retrotransposon insertion mutation responsible for complete stria vascularis loss of function. Our study further highlights the diversity of genetic mutations capable of inducing inherited deafness.
Gestural symbolic strategies in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bello Arianna , Stefanini Silvia , Rinaldi Pasquale , Onofrio Daniela , Volterra Virginia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In early communicative development, children with Down syndrome (DS) make extensive use of gestures to compensate for articulatory difficulties. Here, we analyzed the symbolic strategies that underlie this gesture production, compared to that used by typically developing children. Using the same picture-naming task, 79 representational gestures produced by 10 children with DS and 42 representational gestures produced by 10 typically developing children of comparable developmental age (3;1 vs. 2;9, respectively) were collected. The gestures were analyzed and classified according to four symbolic strategies. The two groups performed all of the strategies, with no significant differences for either choice or frequency of the strategies used. The item analysis highlighted that some photographs tended to elicit the use of the same strategy in both groups. These results indicate that similar symbolic strategies are active in children with DS as in typically developing children, which suggests interesting similarities in their symbolic development.
Social hyperscanning with fNIRS
Authors: Balconi Michela , Bartolo Angela , Fronda Giulia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The interest of neuroscience has been aimed at the investigation of the neural bases underlying gestural communication.
This research explored the intra- and inter-brain connectivity between encoder and decoder. Specifically, adopting a “hyperscanning
paradigm” with the functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) cerebral connectivity in oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb)
hemoglobin levels were revealed during the reproduction of affective, social, and informative gestures of different valence. Results showed
an increase of intra- and inter-brain connectivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for affective gestures, in superior frontal gyrus for
social gestures and in frontal eyes field for informative gestures. Moreover, encoder showed a higher intra-brain connectivity in posterior
parietal areas more than decoder. Finally, an increasing of inter-brain connectivity more than intra-brain (ConIndex) was observed in left
regions for positive gestures. The present research has explored how the individuals neural tuning mechanisms turn out to be strongly
influenced by the nature of specific gestures.
Another ‘look!’
Authors: Nau Nicole 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Latvian pragmatic marker lūk
is derived from the imperative ‘look!’ but is used mainly in the
textual domain in speech and writing. This study investigates its
use in parliamentary discourse, based on a corpus of shorthand
transcripts, as well as audio and video recordings. The main
functions of lūk are pointing to parts of a
speaker’s text (textual deixis), introducing and concluding a topic
(discourse organization) and marking the voice of an opponent
(represented speech and viewpoint). Similar functions have been
described for imperatives of ‘look’ verbs in various European
languages. An important difference is that lūk
occurs only turn-medially and lacks dialogic functions.
The Lithuanian focus particles net ‘even’ and
tik ‘only’ and clause peripheries
Authors: Jasionytė-Mikučionienė Erika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present chapter investigates the Lithuanian
focus particles net ‘even’ and tik
‘only’ and their potential to occur in clause peripheries. The
results of the analysis provide evidence that net
and tik have the potential to appear in clause
peripheries; however, as peripheral elements, they are not so common
in spoken Lithuanian. It is observed that net and
tik share a set of functions with focus
particles in Germanic as well as Romance languages: in clause
peripheries, they contribute to discourse structure and common
ground management as well as encode (inter)subjective information.
Both Lithuanian particles exhibit language-specific properties too,
though: they serve as illocutionary force modifiers not only
strengthening the illocutionary force of a speech act but also
softening it.
A cross-linguistic look at the right periphery
Authors: Ruskan Anna , Carretero Marta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper compares the formal and functional
features of two sets of English, Spanish and Lithuanian pragmatic
markers, one of linking adverbials (then, entonces,
tada) and another of evidential adverbials
(obviously, evidentemente, aišku). The study
deals with the contribution of the right periphery occurrences of
the markers to the utterances that they modify, considering the
illocutionary, propositional, subjective and interpersonal levels.
It also compares this contribution to that of the same markers in
other positions. The higher frequency of the markers in the right
periphery correlates with their distribution in a wider range of
speech acts and with their semantic domain. Across the three
languages, the linking adverbials are more common in the right
periphery than the evidential adverbials.
Methodological reflections on and participatory episodes of ethnographic academic writing research
Authors: Bocanegra-Valle Ana , Guillén-Galve Ignacio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the current state of ethnographic research as applied to academic writing. First, we articulate the significance of ethnography as a methodological approach for the study of writing in academic settings. Next, we provide a critical exploration of the current state of research in terms of key methodological issues which feature prominently in ethnographically-oriented academic writing studies: thick description, deep theorizing, methodological alignment with ethnography, participatory research, research reflexivity, and ethics and trustworthiness. In the final two sections, we give an overview of the volume and showcase its contribution to existing disciplinary and methodological debates.
Textography
Authors: Sizer Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter draws upon work by John M. Swales (1998, 2018), which explored situated academic writing, utilising an approach he called textography. This chapter describes the variety of texts, contexts and practices which can be investigated using textographic methods through a combination of textual analysis and ethnography: textography. It argues textographic research provides scope to move beyond linguistic description and explore interpretations and practices of authors and audiences within the context providing rich data with thick description (Geertz, 1973). The chapter also argues that textography presents an opportunity for deep theorizing (Lillis, 2008) by bridging the gap between text and context. It also reflects on considerations when using textographic approaches including ethical considerations. Finally, the chapter suggests textography’s possibilities for academic writing research.
Understanding academics online
Authors: Albero-Posac Sofía , Luzón María José 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the 21st century academic activity and communication are mediated by digital technologies, which enable scholars to engage in new social practices. Although ethnography is an appropriate approach to analyse these practices, the online environment, with its constraints and affordances, requires adjustments in pre-digital ethnography, regarding, among others, how the setting of research is defined, or how observation or interviews are conducted (Garcia, Standlee, Bechkoff, & Cui, 2009). This chapter provides a review of ethnographically-oriented research on academic communication in online settings and of the different ethnographic approaches that are being used to analyse scholars’ digital practices. By doing so, the chapter contributes to the overall aims of the book by offering useful insights to advance the methodological knowledge of researchers interested in (online) academic practices.
The contribution of ethnographically-oriented approaches to the study of L2 writing and text production processes
Authors: Manchón Rosa M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes trends in the study of writing and text production processes, and presents an analysis of the contribution that ethnographically-oriented research can make to professional discussions in this domain. It is suggested that the affordances of ethnographic approaches should be linked to the emergence of two “methodological rich points” (Hornberger, 2006) that came about as a consequence of disciplinary interests in the socially-situated as well as the time-distributed nature both of literacy practices and of the invisible text production processes behind such practices. I illustrate this potential contribution of ethnographic approaches with representative studies in which the research lens was extended to zoom into writing across languages, modes, time, and environments. The chapter closes with some global methodological considerations for future work into the invisible dimension of text production.