bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying machine classifiers to update searches: Analysis from two case studies
Authors: Stansfield Claire , Stokes Gillian , Thomas James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractManual screening of citation records could be reduced by using machine classifiers to remove records of very low relevance. This seems particularly feasible for update searches, where a machine classifier can be trained from past screening decisions. However, feasibility is unclear for broad topics. We evaluate the performance and implementation of machine classifiers for update searches of public health research using two case studies. The first study evaluates the impact of using different sets of training data on classifier performance, comparing recall and screening reduction with a manual screening ‘gold standard’. The second study uses screening decisions from a review to train a classifier that is applied to rank the update search results. A stopping threshold was applied in the absence of a gold standard. Time spent screening titles and abstracts of different relevancy‐ranked records was measured. Results: Study one: Classifier performance varies according to the training data used; all custom‐built classifiers had a recall above 93% at the same threshold, achieving screening reductions between 41% and 74%. Study two: applying a classifier provided a solution for tackling a large volume of search results from the update search, and screening volume was reduced by 61%. A tentative estimate indicates over 25 h screening time was saved. In conclusion, custom‐built machine classifiers are feasible for reducing screening workload from update searches across a range of public health interventions, with some limitation on recall. Key considerations include selecting a training dataset, agreeing stopping thresholds and processes to ensure smooth workflows.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes local immunoglobulin E production in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Liu Jin‐Xin , Zhen Zhen , Chen Ao‐Nan , Guo Cui‐Lian , Shi Ke‐Tai , Wang Heng , Xu Kai , Yao Yin , Wang Hai , Liao Bo , Liu Zheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains elusive.MethodsReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting analyses were performed to detect the expression of ER stress and unfolded protein response markers: 78‐kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (sXBP‐1), and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p‐eIF2α), in inferior turbinate tissue samples from patients with AR and non‐AR controls. Nasal tissues from patients with AR were cultured ex vivo and treated with 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA), an ER stress inhibitor.ResultsCompared to those in non‐AR controls, the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, ATF6α, sXBP‐1, and p‐eIF2α were significantly increased in nasal tissues from patients with AR. GRP78 and CHOP were mainly expressed in CD138+ plasma cells in nasal tissues from patients with AR. The frequency of IgE+CD138+ plasma cells was significantly higher in nasal tissues from patients with AR than that in non‐AR controls. IgE levels in nasal secretions and tissues were positively correlated with GRP78 and CHOP mRNA levels in the nasal tissues. After 4‐PBA treatment, the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP, ATF6α, sXBP‐1, and p‐eIF2α was significantly reduced in cultured AR‐derived nasal tissues, and IgE levels were simultaneously decreased in cultured supernatants.ConclusionsER stress may be involved in the regulation of local IgE production in patients with AR. Inhibition of ER stress potentially provides a therapeutic avenue in AR by reducing local IgE production.Level of EvidenceNA
The corrosion protection performance of repair coatings for offshore wind power constructions after long‐term splash zone site exposure
Authors: Momber Andreas W. , Marquardt Tom , Buchbach Sascha , Plagemann Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFour organic repair coatings are applied to low‐carbon steel samples prepared with rotating wire blasting, and the samples are exposed to the splash zone in an offshore environment (Helgoland, North Sea) for 57 months. The relationships between aging procedure, coating type, and corrosion protection performance are systematically investigated with statistical methods. Design of experiments and analysis of variance are used to rank the parameter effects. Response parameters are the degree of coating delamination and pull‐off strength. Extremely significant interactions are found between aging procedure and delamination and between coating type and pull‐off strength. An extremely significant interaction between the factors aging procedure and coating type is found for the pull‐off strength only. The degree of delamination is alternatively discussed in terms of the delaminated area. Acceleration factors, calculated from results of the site exposure tests and of accelerated cyclic laboratory test, range between 5.2 and 8.6.
Gas‐phase structure of polymer ions: Tying together theoretical approaches and ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Duez Quentin , Hoyas Sébastien , Josse Thomas , Cornil Jérôme , Gerbaux Pascal , De Winter Julien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of studies take advantage of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) to investigate the spatial structure of gaseous ions. Synthetic polymers occupy a unique place in the field of IMS‐MS. Indeed, due to their intrinsic dispersity, they offer a broad range of homologous ions with different lengths. To help rationalize experimental data, various theoretical approaches have been described. First, the study of trend lines is proposed to derive physicochemical and structural parameters. However, the evaluation of data fitting reflects the overall behavior of the ions without reflecting specific information on their conformation. Atomistic simulations constitute another approach that provide accurate information about the ion shape. The overall scope of this review is dedicated to the synergy between IMS‐MS and theoretical approaches, including computational chemistry, demonstrating the essential role they play to fully understand/interpret IMS‐MS data.
Proteomic studies on apoB‐containing lipoprotein in cardiovascular research: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gianazza Erica , Zoanni Beatrice , Mallia Alice , Brioschi Maura , Colombo Gualtiero I. , Banfi Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remains the leading cause of death worldwide, makes the current clinical pathway for cardiovascular risk assessment unsatisfactory, as there remains a substantial unexplained residual risk. Simultaneous assessment of a large number of plasma proteins may be a promising tool to further refine risk assessment, and lipoprotein‐associated proteins have the potential to fill this gap. Technical advances now allow for high‐throughput proteomic analysis in a reproducible and cost‐effective manner. Proteomics has great potential to identify and quantify hundreds of candidate marker proteins in a sample and allows the translation from isolated lipoproteins to whole plasma, thus providing an individual multiplexed proteomic fingerprint. This narrative review describes the pathophysiological roles of atherogenic apoB‐containing lipoproteins and the recent advances in their mass spectrometry‐based proteomic characterization and quantitation for better refinement of CVD risk assessment.
Is weight stigma associated with physical activity? A systematic review
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L. , Wadden Thomas A. , Jakicic John M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWeight stigma is associated with impaired health, attributed in part to reductions in health‐promoting behaviors. This review analyzed evidence of the association between weight stigma and physical activity (PA) in adults and youth.MethodsThree databases were searched for terms related to weight stigma and PA. Eligible studies reported the quantitative association between at least one measure of weight stigma and one behavioral measure of PA.ResultsA total of 38 studies met eligibility criteria. Of the 29 studies of adults, 3 used objective PA measures, and 79% used an observational, cross‐sectional design. Findings of the relationship between weight stigma and PA were mixed. Everyday weight discrimination and internalizing weight stigma were associated with reduced PA in most studies. Several studies found indirect, and not direct, effects of weight stigma on PA when analyses included other individual‐level factors. In the nine studies of youth, two used objective PA measures, all were observational, and only one study was longitudinal. Most youth studies found a relationship between weight‐based teasing and reduced PA.ConclusionsWeight teasing, everyday discrimination, and internalization were associated with reduced PA. However, associations were inconsistent and often indirect. Future studies should include objective PA measures with larger samples and longitudinal assessments.
Mechanical and two‐body wear characterization of micro‐nano ceramic particulate reinforced dental restorative composite materials
Authors: Yadav Ramkumar , Meena Anoj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the investigation is to develop resin‐based dental restorative composite material reinforced with marble dust powder (MDP)‐silane coated nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) and study the effect on different characterizations. Five different compositions were prepared by mixing weight percentages (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) of silane treated nHA. The amount of MDP (20 wt%) remained constant for all five dental compositions. The fabricated dental composite samples were cured using a curing LED light for 30 s on each side. The mechanical properties result revealed that incorporating 8 wt% nHA dental composite exhibited maximum hardness, compressive, and flexural strength. An increasing trend has been observed in water sorption and water solubility while decreasing in degree of conversion and depth of cure. The specific wear rate was 27.57% decreased for varying load, 57.10% increased for varying sliding speed, and 66.89% increased for varying sliding time. Taguchi analysis represents the dental composite incorporated with 6 wt% nano‐hydroxyapatite at a normal load 70 N, sliding velocity 130 rpm, and at time 23 min exhibits minimum wear rate. ANOVA analysis indicates that the load factor shows a considerable effect on the specific wear rate.
Biomolecular characterisation of marine microalga in comparison to fishmeal and soymeal as an alternative feed ingredient
Authors: Dixit Rakhi Bajpai , Sagaram Uma Shankar , Gocher Chandra , Krishna Kumar G. Raja , Dasgupta Santanu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionMarine microalgae protein has better solubility and digestibility than other protein‐based feeds. Apart from protein, high‐value biomolecules have an immense potential to enhance the quality of feed, but knowledge about them is scarce.ObjectiveMarine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass molecular characterisation along with commonly used protein feed such as fishmeal and soymeal for potential feed ingredients.MethodologyLiquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used for biomolecular characterisation. The correlation of biomolecules sets was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering.ResultsLC–MS identified 116 biomolecules cumulatively among microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal that includes fatty acids, acylglycerols, vitamins, sterols, pigments, nucleotides, unique amino acids, amines, sugars and miscellaneous. These 116 biomolecules were screened based on their functional importance as feed ingredients. Among the different sets of biomolecules, microalga contained a more diverse set of fatty acids, pigments, sterols, and vitamins than acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars. Fishmeal contained a more diverse set of acylglycerols, unique amino acids, nucleotides, and amines, while soymeal contained the highest number of sugars and miscellaneous biomolecules. The PCA confirmed the significance level (P > 95%) and heatmap clustering showed the diversity and relatedness of biomolecules among the microalga, fishmeal, and soymeal.ConclusionThis study showed that the marine microalga Picochlorum sp. biomass has a rich source of biomolecules and could complement fishmeal or soymeal in feed and is also sustainable and economical as compared to fishmeal and soymeal.
Barriers and facilitators to accessing cancer care for people with significant mental health difficulties: A qualitative review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Leahy Dorothy , Donnelly Alanna , Irwin Kelly , D’Alton Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesInequities in cancer care contribute to higher rates of cancer mortality for individuals with significant mental health difficulties (SMHD) compared to the general population. The aim of the current systematic review was to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative evidence of patient and clinician/system barriers and facilitators to cancer screening and treatment for individuals with SMHD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search across three electronic databases in May 2020 and we carried out a second search across five electronic databases in January 2021. A narrative synthesis was conducted across eligible studies.ResultsWe identified the same six studies from both searches, with 133 individuals with SMHD and experiences of cancer care and 102 healthcare professionals. Key barriers to cancer care were related to patients' uncontrolled psychiatric symptoms and the adverse impact of their symptoms on engaging with cancer care; clinician barrier‐attitudes included stigmatising attitudes from clinicians and other staff towards individuals with SMHD and systems barrier‐fragmentation included the fragmentation of mental health and cancer care delivery. Key patient facilitators to accessing cancer care and completing cancer treatment included being connected with mental health services and controlled psychiatric symptoms. Stronger collaboration among healthcare professionals working across different sectors in addition to the development of a patient navigator role were identified as key facilitators to enhance patient care.ConclusionsInnovative approaches are needed to decrease mental health stigma, foster collaboration across disciplines, and facilitate the integration of timely mental health and cancer care for individuals with SMHD to address the mortality gap.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Muzzle Flow During a Rarefaction Wave Gun Firing
Authors: Wang Guannan , Cheng Cheng , Zhang Xiaobing , Huang Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRarefaction wave gun can significantly reduce the recoil and the barrel heat without affecting projectile velocity during the launching process. This paper aims to improve the understanding of the muzzle flow characteristics during a rarefaction wave gun firing and clarify the different ballistic behaviors between the rarefaction wave gun and the traditional gun. First, the mathematical models and the numerical methods of the muzzle flow with the interior ballistic process were established. Then, the numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental data to validate the reliability and accuracy. Next, the rarefaction wave propagation behavior was described, and the interior ballistic process of the rarefaction wave gun was compared with that of the traditional gun. Then the development law of the muzzle flow field for the rarefaction wave gun coupled with the interior ballistics process was studied. Finally, the different detailed results of the muzzle flow between the traditional gun and the rarefaction wave gun were investigated. The development processes of the muzzle flow in both guns are generally similar, but the strength of the main flow parameters and the ballistic performances for the rarefaction wave gun are smaller than that for the traditional gun due to the rarefaction wave influence. This paper could provide a valuable reference for the research and design on the rarefaction wave gun.
Molecular insights into the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by the dicarboxylic acid metabolites
Authors: Godsora Barsa Kanchan Jyotshna , Prakash Prem , Punekar Narayan S. , Bhaumik Prasenjit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a salient metabolic enzyme which catalyzes the NAD+‐ or NADP+‐dependent reversible conversion of α‐ketoglutarate (AKG) to l‐glutamate; and thereby connects the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles in all living organisms. The function of GDH is extensively regulated by both metabolites (citrate, succinate, etc.) and non‐metabolites (ATP, NADH, etc.) but sufficient molecular evidences are lacking to rationalize the inhibitory effects by the metabolites. We have expressed and purified NADP+‐dependent Aspergillus terreus GDH (AtGDH) in recombinant form. Succinate, malonate, maleate, fumarate, and tartrate independently inhibit the activity of AtGDH to different extents. The crystal structures of AtGDH complexed with the dicarboxylic acid metabolites and the coenzyme NADPH have been determined. Although AtGDH structures are not complexed with substrate; surprisingly, they acquire super closed conformation like previously reported for substrate and coenzyme bound catalytically competent Aspergillus niger GDH (AnGDH). These dicarboxylic acid metabolites partially occupy the same binding pocket as substrate; but interact with varying polar interactions and the coenzyme NADPH binds to the Domain‐II of AtGDH. The low inhibition potential of tartrate as compared to other dicarboxylic acid metabolites is due to its weaker interactions of carboxylate groups with AtGDH. Our results suggest that the length of carbon skeleton and positioning of the carboxylate groups of inhibitors between two conserved lysine residues at the GDH active site might be the determinants of their inhibitory potency. Molecular details on the dicarboxylic acid metabolites bound AtGDH active site architecture presented here would be applicable to GDHs in general.
From Quantum Rabi Model To Jaynes–Cummings Model: Symmetry‐Breaking Quantum Phase Transitions, Symmetry‐Protected Topological Transitions and Multicriticality
Authors: Ying Zu‐Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ground state and excitation gap are studied for the anisotropic quantum Rabi model (QRM) which connects the fundamental QRM and the Jaynes–Cummings model (JCM). While conventionally the ground state has a second‐order quantum phase transition in the low frequency limit, turning on finite frequencies sheds a novel light on the phase diagram to illuminate a fine structure of first‐order transition series. It is found that the conventional quantum phase transition is accompanied with a hidden symmetry breaking, whereas the emerging series transitions are topological transitions without symmetry breaking. The topological structure of the wave function provides a novel universality classification in bridging the QRM and the JCM among the diversity that arises from finite frequencies. The aspect of topological transitions provides a renewed insight for the role of the counter‐rotating interaction. Moreover, it is shown that the conventionally established tricritical point is actually a pentacritical or hexacritical point and following this multicritical point emerges a series of quadruple points. Besides the emerging multicriticality and reformed universality, the result demonstrates that a single‐qubit system can even exhibit analogs of topological phase transitions which traditionally occur in condensed matter.
Design and development of remote‐control system for two‐wheel paddy transplanter
Authors: Lohan Shiv Kumar , Narang Mahesh Kumar , Singh Manjeet , Singh Derminder , Sidhu H. S. , Singh Sukhmeet , Dixit Anoop Kumar , Karkee Manoj 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo reduce the human effort involved in walk‐behind paddy transplanter operation, a remote‐control system consisting of an electronic control unit (ECU) was designed and developed. A separate remote handheld wireless kit was developed to control the ECU. The deviation from a straight‐line path was measured by mounting a real‐time kinematic global satellite navigation system on the transplanter to provide a real‐time plot of the navigation path of the transplanter. The results from the field evaluation revealed that the system worked properly with an effective field capacity of 0.16 ± 0.03 ha h−1 with a field efficiency of 73.05% ± 0.35% at 1.8 km h−1 in sandy loam soil. The mean deviation from the predefined straight path was 0.227 ± 0.041 m for the remote‐controlled transplanter as compared to 0.171 ± 0.041 m for a manually operated transplanter. The net benefit of using the transplanter with the developed system was $40 per hectare and $2084 per year with a payback period of 2.7 years. The developed remote‐control system reduced the drudgery/fatigue by up to 90% and increased the operator's work efficiency. In addition, an operator sitting in a safe and comfortable environment outside the puddled field improved the field capacity of paddy transplanters by up to 10% and helped minimize the effects of labor shortage during the transplanting season.
Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study of primary care providers in India
Authors: Golechha Mahaveer , Bohra Tasneem , Patel Mehul , Khetrapal Sonalini 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince 2020, the world saw a myriad of creative health‐care policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article studied the experience of rural primary care providers (PCPs) in India deputized for COVID‐19 care in urban areas. In‐depth interviews were conducted with PCPs (n = 19), who served at COVID‐19 facilities. Lack of epidemic management and intensive tertiary care experience, limited and inadequate training, and fear of infection emerged as the primary sources of distress, in addition to absent systemic mental health support and formalized recognition. Even so, resilience among the respondents emerged as a result of encouragement from their families, peers, and mentors through various means including social media, and from individual recognition from communities and local governments. Rural PCPs expressed an eagerness to serve at the frontlines of COVID‐19 and demonstrated indomitable spirit in the face of an acutely understaffed health system, growing uncertainty, and concerns about personal and family health. It is imperative to reconfigure health‐care education and continuing professional development, and equip all health‐care professionals with mental health support and the ability to deal with public health emergencies and build a more resilient health workforce.