bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Topological Features of Metabolic Networks for the Classification of Cancer Samples
Authors: Machicao Jeaneth , Craighero Francesco , Maspero Davide , Angaroni Fabrizio , Damiani Chiara , Graudenzi Alex , Antoniotti Marco , Bruno Odemir M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The increasing availability of omics data collected from patients affected by
severe pathologies, such as cancer, is fostering the development of data science methods for their
analysis.

Introduction:
The combination of data integration and machine learning approaches can provide
new powerful instruments to tackle the complexity of cancer development and deliver effective diagnostic
and prognostic strategies.

Methods:
We explore the possibility of exploiting the topological properties of sample-specific metabolic
networks as features in a supervised classification task. Such networks are obtained by projecting
transcriptomic data from RNA-seq experiments on genome-wide metabolic models to define
weighted networks modeling the overall metabolic activity of a given sample.

Results:
We show the classification results on a labeled breast cancer dataset from the TCGA database,
including 210 samples (cancer vs. normal). In particular, we investigate how the performance
is affected by a threshold-based pruning of the networks by comparing Artificial Neural Networks,
Support Vector Machines and Random Forests. Interestingly, the best classification performance is
achieved within a small threshold range for all methods, suggesting that it might represent an effective
choice to recover useful information while filtering out noise from data. Overall, the best accuracy
is achieved with SVMs, which exhibit performances similar to those obtained when gene expression
profiles are used as features.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate that the topological properties of sample-specific metabolic
networks are effective in classifying cancer and normal samples, suggesting that useful information
can be extracted from a relatively limited number of features.
Design of Experiment Approach to Assess the Effect of Formulation Variables on Extrusion and Spheronization of Telmisartan and Cilostazol Loaded Pellets and its Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Patel Kalpana , Godhani Prutha , Patel Hemangini , Thakkar Vaishali , Gandhi Tejal , Gohel Shri Mukesh C. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Solubility is an important parameter that affects the availability of drug in
systemic circulation. Drugs having poor solubility belonging to BCS class II eventually result in
lower dissolution and bioavailability. Hence, improvement of solubility is a challenging task.
Hence the present work focuses on using solid dispersion and inclusion complex approach for both
telmisartan and cilostazol belonging to BCS Class II drugs.

Objective:
The present study was carried out to improve apparent solubility of telmisartan and cilostazol
(BCS-Class II drugs) and optimization as pellets along with its pharmacokinetic study.

Methods:
Phase solubility study was carried out to screen the excipients such as, PVPK30, PVA,
HPMC E5 and β-CD. Solvent evaporation method was adopted to prepare the solid dispersions and
inclusion complex of both drugs. Pellets were optimized by extrusion spheronization method using
32 factorial design and characterized by morphology, drug content, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, in-
-vitro studies and drug content study.

Results:
Phase solubility study showed improved apparent solubility of telmisartan with HPMC E5
(1:3) by solid dispersion and cilostazol with β-CD (1:3) using inclusion complexation method.
Drug characterization did not reveal any incompatibility. Formulation was optimized on the basis
of acceptable pellet properties, including acceptable spherical shape and micromeritics properties.
The percent friability of all batches was found to be less than 1%. The optimized pellets of both
drugs prepared with micro crystalline cellulose provided desirable maximum release with acceptable
release profile.

Conclusion:
The formulated pellets when studied in vivo showed superior pharmacokinetic profile.
The drawback associated with apparent solubility and bioavailability of both drugs can thus be alleviated
by use of novel pellet formulation.
Liquid Filled Hard Shell Capsules: Current Drug Delivery Influencing Pharmaceutical Technology
Authors: Yadav Khushwant S. , Nirale Prabhuti , Arora Shivani , Solanki Anita , Bhat Jnanadeva , Singh Rishi Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:Gastric absorption is an upfront route for drug delivery as it is convenient, economical and most suitable for getting the desired systemic effects. Unfortunately, many traditional and newer generation drugs suffer from poor solubility and have lower bioavailability. With a perspective of bringing a novel delivery system in such a condition for old/existing/new drugs, liquidfilled hard capsules hold promise as the delivery system.Methods:Anorganizedstate of the art literature review including patents was conducted to accommodate information on the innovations in technology, processes, and applications in the field of liquid filling in hard-shell capsules.Results:The review findings revealed the importance of understanding the impact of liquid filled hard shell capsules would have in use of complex drug molecules, especially the ones sensitive to light and moisture. This technology can have diverse functions to be used for both immediate and delayed drug release. According to the technology point of view, the band sealing in such hardshell capsules helps in protecting against the tampering of capsule fill.Conclusion:The review provides an insight into the progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
The Continuous Surveillance of InSTI Resistance Could be an Important Public Health Tool in the Fight Against HIV Infection
Authors: Visalli Giuseppa , Facciolà Alessio , Costanzo Maria Giovanna , Di Pietro Angela 
Published: March 2021

Aims:
To evaluate the frequency of the InSTIs mutations in a large cohort of HIV-infected people.

Background:
The Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) allow turning HIV infection from a fatal disease to a chronic infection and Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTIs) represent the cornerstone of this treatment. However, the spread of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations represents an emerging threat to the long-term success of HIV treatment programs.

Objectives:
To evaluate the trend of the HIV drug resistance to InSTIs in a large cohort of HIV-positive people in order to assess the risk represented by these subjects in the spread of the HIV infection to the community.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted analysing all the InSTIs resistance tests performed
in HIV positive subjects during 2017-2019 by the HIV Laboratory of the University Hospital
“Gaetano Martino” of Messina, Italy.

Results:
In 2017-2019, 252 InSTIs resistance tests were performed, with 59 (23.4%), 88 (34.9%),
and 105 (41.7%) tests respectively in the three considered years. Overall, 28 (11.1%) samples
showed resistance to at least one of the four InSTIs. We observed a significant percentage increase
of 95% in the resistance to all four drugs.

Conclusion:
: InSTI resistance is not rare. Therefore, continuous surveillance along with incessant
health education and a wide offer of the HIV test, can be the most important tools in the fight
against HIV infection.
Medication Adherence of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Considering the Psychosocial Factors, Health Literacy and Current Life Concerns of Patients
Authors: Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Mani Arash , Eazadnegahdar Mehdi , Nekooeian Ali 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), due to their long term, multi-drug exposure and their side effects, non-adherence to therapy is common and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare medication adherence in patients with SLE and RA considering their psychosocial factors, health literacy, and current life concerns.

Methods:
88 patients fulfilled the criteria of RA(N:46) and SLE(N:42);using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or immunosuppressive, we evaluated, their demographic data, co-morbid diseases, the number of medications, estimated income, having health insurance, family size and disease poor prognostic factors. The 8-item Morisky’s Medication Adherence, Depression by Beck depression inventory (21 Q), and drug literacy level were used.

Results:
Medication non-adherence was seen in 91.3% of the RA group and 90.4% of the SLE group. Moderate to very severe depression was seen in [21 (45.7%)] and [12 (25.9%)] of the RA and SLE patients, respectively. In the SLE group, depression and having poor prognostic factors, and in the RA group, depression, having co-morbid diseases and higher pill numbershad a significant effect on medication adherence.

Conclusion:
There was a high prevalence of drug non-adherence in our RA and SLE patients. The most prevalent factor in non-adherence in both groups was depression. After that, in RA patients the presence of co-morbid disease and in SLE patients the presence of poor prognostic factors were related to non-adherence. Factors like income, health insurance, disease duration, and health literacy had no significant effect on medication adherence.
Sensitization to Inhaled Allergens in Atopic Children in Jordan Capital, Amman: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: AL-Iede Montaha , Al-Ani Abdallah , Mafrachi Baraa , Alkhulaifat Dana , Hassan Kamal , Elhussieni Mira , Salah Neveen , Al-Somadi Hussien , Ali Elnagi , Al-Zayadneh Enas , Khreesha Lubna 
Published: March 2021

Background:
As the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing all over the world, it is
vital to identify the specific allergens, which contribute to the development and persistence of such
conditions.

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization and, to evaluate
the profile of skin prick test among atopic Jordanian children who are visiting Jordan University
Hospital (JUH).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all Skin Prick Test (SPT) and results of atopic children and
adolescents aged (1.5-18 years) who visited the pediatrics clinics at JUH from January 2018 until
December 2019.

Results:
Over two years, a total of 171 children (male: female ratio of 1.9) with a median age of
6.2 years (1.5-18) were subjected to SPT. One hundred and seven children (62.5%) were found to
be sensitized to at least one of the ten aeroallergen extracts tested. The most common sensitizations
were to olive pollen (45.6%), Mites Dermatophagoides Petronyssinus (42.0%), and Dog Dander
(38.6%). The highest sensitization rate was among the age group 2-4 years (28.1%). The sensitization
rates increased in conjunction with an increase in age in the first age groups (preschool and
school-age groups).

Conclusion:
The study’s findings provide an understanding of the locally prevalent aeroallergens,
yet a multi-center review would be more useful for creating an optimized SPT panel specific to the
Jordanian pediatric population.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities of five Turanecio Hamzaoglu (Asteraceae) Species from Turkey
Authors: Albayrak Sevil , Aksoy Ahmet , Yasar Abit , Yurtseven Lutfiye , Budak Umit 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
In vitro biological activities of methanolic extracts of five Turanecio species
have been studied.

Materials and Methods:
The phenolic compositions of the extracts were evaluated by the Folin-
Ciocalteu assay and by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activities were determined with two in vitro assays
namely, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum assay. The
antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated against 13 microorganisms.

Results:

T. hypochionaeus var. hypochionaeus was showed the highest DPPH inhibition with 88.84% at
100 μg·mL-1. All of the extracts were exerted high total antioxidant activities 128.00- 243.13 mg AAE
g-1) and seem to be a promising source of natural antioxidants. The phenolic contents in the extracts varied
from 26.17 to 60.99 mg·g-1 as gallic acid equivalent. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p- coumaric
acid were the predominant constituents. The methanolic extracts revealed promising antibacterial activities
against most bacteria. No activity was recorded against yeasts tested.

Conclusion:

The polyphenolic constituents appear to be responsible, at least in part, for the extract’s activities.
The present study confirms that tested Turanecio species contains significant source of phenolics
have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and may have therapeutic potential.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Mohammadi Rezvan , Hosseini Seyede A. , Noruzi Somaye , Ebrahimzadeh Ailin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis since conventional therapeutic approaches are not sufficient. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have implemented new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies such as lung cancer. Investigation of lung cancer cell-derived exosomes and analysis of their profile by advanced techniques will assist researchers to take advantage of the specific properties of these multivesicular bodies. Also, scientists have presented various encouraging methods in the treatment of lung cancer with loading drugs, proteins, microRNAs, and siRNAs inside specific antigen-targeted exosomes. This review discusses the role of exosomes as novel prognostic biomarkers (containing lipids, surface and internal proteins, miRNAs, and lncRNAs) and therapeutic agents (e.g. vaccine and targeted drug delivery systems) in lung cancer.
Effects of Different Applications on Postoperative Seroma Formation and Wound Healing Following Mastectomy and Axillary Dissection in Rats
Authors: Karaköse Oktay , Pülat Hüseyin , Çağlar Özçelik Kazım , Zihni İsmail , Kürşat Bozkurt Kemal , Şenol Serdar , Nihan Cankara Fatma , Erol Eroğlu Hasan 
Published: March 2021

The most frequent postoperative complication after breast surgery is seroma formation. Seroma occurs due to lymphatic and vascular fluid leakage into the dead space created by surgical dissection.
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of local fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc applications, and flap fixation technique on reducing seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection. In addition, we aimed to determine the level of efficacy for these applications, as well as to identify the most appropriate method to be used in operations with high risk of seroma formation.
Materials and Methods. This experimental study was conducted using a total of 60 female Wistar albino rats. They were allocated into six groups and each comprised ten rats. Unilateral mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed on all the rats. Local applications of fibrin glue, tetracycline, talc, and alcoholic iodine were performed in four separate groups. Flap fixation technique was applied in one group and those rats that did not receive any intervention constituted the control group. On the 10th postoperative day, seroma was aspirated under anesthesia, and the amount of seroma fluid was recorded. Seroma fluid was analyzed for interleukin 1-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein levels. Tissue samples were obtained from the skin overlaying the dissection area, the axilla, and the thoracic wall. Wound healing was evaluated with histopathological examination.
Results. Seroma volume was lower and the wound healing scores were the highest in the flap fixation group and the tetracycline group as compared to the control group. However, the alcoholic iodine group and the talc group had a greater amount of seroma (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the fibrin glue group and the control group.
Conclusions. In our mastectomy model, local application of alcoholic iodine and talc substances caused more wound site problems and postoperative seroma formation. While fibrin glue did not cause wound site problems, it did increase seroma formation. These three substances were determined to be inefficacious in postoperative seroma formation. Local tetracycline application and flap fixation technique were found to reduce postoperative seroma and benefit wound healing.
Inovasi Alat Distilasi Asap Cair dari Bahan Drum dan Pipa Stainless dengan Sirkulasi Pendingin Pompa Air Sebagai Penunjang Kegiatan Praktikum
Authors: Sumedi Atak , Alfrida Alfrida 
Published: March 2021

Peralatan distilasi di laboratorium sudah menjadi satu kebutuhan yang tidak bisa di pisahkandengan dunia praktikum atau penelitian, perlu adanya inovasi bagi para Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) untuk mengembangan dan menunjang kegiatan praktikum dan penelitian di laboratorium. Oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi masalah yang di hadapi oleh para laboran atau peneliti berupa peralatan yang kurang memadahi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kinerja laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi keterbatasan peralatan yang ada di laboratorium sehingga kegiatan praktikum penelitian dan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dapat berjalan secara maksimal dan lancar. Proses pembuatan peralatan distilasi terdiri dari mesin las, gergaji listrik,gurinda sedangkan bahan yang digunakan tungku pengodokan kapasitas 5 liter yang berupa panci presto, yang pada tutupnya di buat lobang untuk dipasang pipa stainless berbentuk L yang berfungsi untuk penyalur uap dari tunggku dengan diameter 2 inci dengan panjang 40 cm, kemudian drum yang sudah disiapkan di buat lobang segi empat bagian tengahnya dengan ukuran 20 x15 cm, selanjutnya buat lubang ditengah antara ujung kiri kanan drum dengan ukuran 2 inci,setelah itu potong pipa stainless sesuai kebutuhan yaitu dengan ukuran panjang 125 cm, dengan diameter 2 inci dan masukkan pipa stainless tersebut kedalam lubang kanan kiri drum yang sudah di lubangi hingga tembus kemudian dilakukan pengelasan pada kedua ujungnya. selanjutnya buat lubang pada drum dan disambung dengan pipa stainlessuntuk saluran sirkulasi air pendingin pada drum sehingga air yang ada akan tetap dingin danterjadi pendinginan yang sempurna dengan pompa air tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian peralatan distilasi menunjukkan pada 5 liter asap cair grade 3 setelah dilakukan distilasi menghasilkan rendemen asap cair grade 2 sebanyak 90,4% atau 4,520 ml. Sedangkan asap cair grade 2 sebanyak 4,520 ml menghasilkan rendemen asap cair grade 1 sebanyak 90,7% atau 4,100 ml. Untuk hasil asap cair grade 1 sangat baik dan warnanya bening dan sudah sesuai dengan standart SNI.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI ALTERNATIF PAPAN PARTIKEL
Authors: Raharjo Buwang 
Published: March 2021

Industri sawit dalam kegiatan pengoperasiannya dapat menghasilkan limbah salah satunya adalah limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Tandan kosong kelapa sawit merupakan limbah padat yang berasal dari industri sawit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengenalkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan alternatif papan partikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Metode deskriptif adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan data yang diperoleh pada saat penelitian. Metode ini dimulai dari persiapan bahan baku, pembuatan papan partikel sebanyak 10 sampel terdiri dari 3 perlakuan (20%, 30% dan 50%), 3 ulangan, dan control, pengujian sampel berdasarkan SNI.03-2105-2006, hasil dari pengujian yang nilainya 0 maka tidak dapat diuji sehingga nilai dikeluarkan dan di deskripsikan penyebab hasil tersebut. Langkah kerja dimulai pada tahapan persiapan perekat, proses pencampuran partikel TKKS dengan perekat dan proses pembentukan lembaran papan partikel. Pembuatan papan partikel tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan perekat Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) menunjukkan hasil yaitu sifat fisik uji pengembangan tebal tidak memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu maksimum 12%, uji kerapatan memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu 0,4 g/cm3 – 0,9 g/cm3 dan kadar air memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu <14%. Pada uji sifat mekanik keteguhan patah (Modulus Of Rapture) tidak memenuhi standar Nilai JIS A 5908-2003 yaitu minimum 82 kg/cm2 dan keteguhan lentur (Modulus of Elasticity) tidak memenuhi standar SNI.03-2105-2006 yaitu minimum 2.081,63 kg/cm2. Pelaksanaan penelitian beberapa uji sifat fisik telah memenuhi standar dan uji sifat mekanik tidak memenuhi standar, penggunaan tingkat konsentrasi perekat yang lebih tinggi akan membuat kualitas papan partikel kuat dan lebih baik.
MODIFIKASI DEANSTARK UPAYA EFISIENSI PROSES DISTILASI UAP MINYAK BIJI PALA DALAM PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ORGANIK
Authors: Asfiyah Siti 
Published: March 2021

Telah dilakukan percobaan kombinasi sistem distilasi uap dengan modifikasi deanstark upaya efisiensi proses distilasi minyak biji pala untuk praktikum kimia organik. Destilasi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan stem distilasi baru modifikasi deanstark dan stem distilasi lama dengan generator uap, meningkatkan hasil distilasi minyak biji pala, mempercepat waktu praktikum, dam mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa dalam minyak biji pala dengan GC-MS.Percobaan ini diawali dengan isolasi minyak pala menggunakan metode distilasi uap dengan sistem generator sebagai sumber uap air panas yang di dalamnya diisi akuades panas sebanyak 3 L. Isolasi minyak pala menggunakan metode stem distilasi yang dikombinasikan dengan deanstark, digunakan labu 1 L yang diisi akuabides 600 mL dan dipanaskan selama 1 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh dari dua sistem destilasi tersebut kemudian dibandingkan volume minyak atisiri (mL) dan beratnya (g). Minyak atsiri yang didapat selanjutnya diidentifikasi dengan GC-MS.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan waktu destilasi uap 1, 2, dan 3 jam dengan sistem generator menghasilkan minyak 0,13, 0,24, dan 0,30 mL dengan berat masing – masing 0,12, 0,10, dan 0,05 g. Sedangkan pada waktu yang sama dengan stem distilasi yang dikombinasikan dengan deanstark diperoleh minyak 0,7, 0,3 , dan 0,1 mL dengan berat masing – masing 0,632, 0,903, dan 0,993 g. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi dengan GC-MS minyak atsiri biji pala hasil isolasi mengandung komponen sabinene (40,53%), camphene (21,10%), dan safrole (7,13%). Kata kunci: Distilasi uap, deanstark, minyak biji pala, kromatografi lapis tipis
Sosio-Ekonomi, Sindrom Metabolik terhadap Kekuatan Genggaman Tangan Lansia di Komunitas
Authors: Sumandar Sumandar , Fadhli Rohmi , Mayasari Eva 
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang: Kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia merupakan indikasi kesehatan fisik dan mobilitas. Faktor penyebab penurunan kondisi ini adalah karakteristik lansia serta kondisi penyakit yang diderita. Kondisi ini pun dapat meningkatkan risiko keterbatasan mobilitas serta dapat memprediksi kerugian bagi lansia seperti ketergantungan dalam pelaksanaan aktivitas sehari-hariTujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan sindrom metabolik dengan kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia.Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, sindrom metabolik, dan kekuatan pegangan tangan. Sampel sebanyak 102 lansia yang berada komunitas kota Pekanbaru dengan teknik cluster sampling.Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan genggaman tangan rendah sebanyak 60,8%, jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 66,7%, tidak bekerja sebanyak 70,6%, dan prevalensi sindrom metabolik sebanyak 20,6%. Terdapat kaitan antara jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan kejadian sindrom metabolik terhadap kekuatan genggaman tangan lansia ( p = 0,000; OR = 6,27; 95% CI = 2,540-15,493 ; ), p = 0,008; OR = 3,4; 95% CI = 1,406- 8,268, p = 0,045; OR = 0,29; CI 95% = 0,91-0,95)Kesimpulan: Faktor yang mempengaruhi kekuatan genggaman tangan pada lansia pada penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan sindrom metabolik.