bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Performance of a New Artificial Intelligence–Driven Diagnostic Support Tool Using Medical Board Exam Simulations: Clinical Vignette Study
Authors: Ben-Shabat Niv , Sloma Ariel , Weizman Tomer , Kiderman David , Amital Howard 
Published: October 2021

Background
Diagnostic decision support systems (DDSS) are computer programs aimed to improve health care by supporting clinicians in the process of diagnostic decision-making. Previous studies on DDSS demonstrated their ability to enhance clinicians’ diagnostic skills, prevent diagnostic errors, and reduce hospitalization costs. Despite the potential benefits, their utilization in clinical practice is limited, emphasizing the need for new and improved products.

Objective
The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary analysis of the diagnostic performance of “Kahun,” a new artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic tool.

Methods
Diagnostic performance was evaluated based on the program’s ability to “solve” clinical cases from the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Skills board exam simulations that were drawn from the case banks of 3 leading preparation companies. Each case included 3 expected differential diagnoses. The cases were entered into the Kahun platform by 3 blinded junior physicians. For each case, the presence and the rank of the correct diagnoses within the generated differential diagnoses list were recorded. Each diagnostic performance was measured in two ways: first, as diagnostic sensitivity, and second, as case-specific success rates that represent diagnostic comprehensiveness.

Results
The study included 91 clinical cases with 78 different chief complaints and a mean number of 38 (SD 8) findings for each case. The total number of expected diagnoses was 272, of which 174 were different (some appeared more than once). Of the 272 expected diagnoses, 231 (87.5%; 95% CI 76-99) diagnoses were suggested within the top 20 listed diagnoses, 209 (76.8%; 95% CI 66-87) were suggested within the top 10, and 168 (61.8%; 95% CI 52-71) within the top 5. The median rank of correct diagnoses was 3 (IQR 2-6). Of the 91 expected diagnoses, 62 (68%; 95% CI 59-78) of the cases were suggested within the top 20 listed diagnoses, 44 (48%; 95% CI 38-59) within the top 10, and 24 (26%; 95% CI 17-35) within the top 5. Of the 91 expected diagnoses, in 87 (96%; 95% CI 91-100), at least 2 out of 3 of the cases’ expected diagnoses were suggested within the top 20 listed diagnoses; 78 (86%; 95% CI 79-93) were suggested within the top 10; and 61 (67%; 95% CI 57-77) within the top 5.

Conclusions
The diagnostic support tool evaluated in this study demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy and comprehensiveness; it also had the ability to manage a wide range of clinical findings.
Justicia Digital en el Derecho Disciplinario
Authors: Roa Salguero David Alonso 
Published: October 2021

En la comunidad jurídica se suele confundir el concepto de justicia digital con el de trámites electrónicos. Lo primero se refiere a una solución tecnológica que le permite a las instituciones que imparten justicia incorporar trámites judiciales electrónicos en línea y con validez legal (Justicia Digital, 2020). Por el contrario, lo segundo, como se extrae de la definición anterior, son los que construyen, dan forma y contenido a la justicia digital, como la notificación y firma electrónica (Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sala Civil, Rad. 2020000230, 2020)1; esto es, toda gestión realizada dentro de la actuación disciplinaria mediante las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (en adelante TIC).
INCURSIÓN DE LAS PYMES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE CÓRDOBA EN EL MERCADO BURSÁTIL
Authors: Romero Álvarez Yaneth , Ganem Ramos Yajaira 
Published: October 2021

Las Pymes constituyen un sector con un importante potencial que puede contribuir al desarrollo del sector productivo de regiones como el Departamento de Córdoba ya que son la base de la economía a la que pertenece la mayoría de las empresas ubicadas en él, cuya fuente de financiación hasta hace algún tiempo consistía principalmente en los socios y en deudas bancarias con altos costos financieros.Sin embargo, a partir del decreto 1019 del 2014 cuyo objeto es el ampliar el portafolio de emisores del mercado de valores colombiano teniendo en cuenta las necesidades latentes de la economía y el fracaso de la anterior regulación, esta investigación tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión del segundo mercado o mercado balcón en Colombia, con el fin de determinar los principales alternativas de incursión en el mercado de las pymes del Departamento, establecer su apalancamiento financiero para analizar el impacto de la nueva fuente de financiación y diseñar una hoja de ruta a seguir. En el estudio se revisaron un total de 136 empresas que reportaron sus estados financieros a Supersociedades en los años 2014 y 2015 y de acuerdo al análisis financiero elaborado, se determinó que un total de 77 de ellas pueden incursionar en el Segundo Mercado o Mercado Balcón.
La Pintura De Cézanne Y La Fenomenología De La Percepción De Merleau-Ponty Como Búsqueda De La Experiencia Originaria
Authors: Soto Francisco Conde 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper tries to clarify the coincidence between some of the main features of the characterization of perception in the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty (Phenomenology of Perception) and the picture technique of Cézanne. Although placed in different work areas, indeed, the reflection about the perceptive act and the process of pictorical creation, there is an inspirational shared basis: Merleau-Ponty’s notion of “original experience” goes parallel to Cézanne’s understanding of the painting as a the original appearing of the things so as they should appear to a glaze that goes beyond the objectivating categories of every daily, normal perception.
Para O Universo Nada, Para Mim Tudo: Perspectivas Sobre a Morte
Authors: Heleno José Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our aim is thinking death exploring several reasons of the inquiry. One can see the mystery of death like Aristotle - death is the end of sensations - but also like many others who talk about something that is presence I absence or absence /presence, or even think about the possible evil of death. But is not possible to avoid the problem of immortality or the idea that we saw ourselves like someone who says: I am nothing to the universe but everything to me.
Recepción y “Crítica inmanente” de Heidegger de la Fenomenología Husserliana
Authors: Pereña Francese 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
At the beginning of Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs (Gesamtausgabe, volume 20), Heidegger extensively puts forward his views against phenomenology, especially that of Husserl, which is the one we are going to consider. By means of what he calls the “fundamental discoveries of phenomenology”, that is, intentionality, categorial intuition and the meaning of the a priori in Husserl’s Logical!nvestigations, Heidegger reaches a definition of phenomenology: “the analytic description of intentionality in its a priori”. Next, Heidegger proceeds to what he characterizes as an “ immanent critique” of phenomenology, that consists in highlighting that in Ideas Husserl does make but omits the fundamental question on “the being of consciousness” and on “the sense of being”, in a way that ends up in being un-phenomenological. We go into Heidegger’ S text in order to consider the legitimacy of its critique and, particularly, its alleged immanence.
Ludwig Binswanger et la phénoménologie
Authors: De Gandt François 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pour élaborer son analyse existentielle, Ludwig Binswanger a utilisé la phénoménologie. Mais qu’appelait-il exactement ainsi? Sa définition de la phénoménologie et l’usage qu’il en fait ont varié, depuis la présentation aux psychiatres donnée en 1922 («De la phénoménologie»), en passant par la reprise de Heidegger à l’époque de la «Fuite des idées» (1 933), puis les critiques adressées à «Sein und Zeit» et la construction d’une anthropologie dans les «Grundformen» (1942), enfin avec 1’ ultime et étonnant tournant husserlien de «Mélancolie et Manie» (1960) et «Délire» (1965).
Pregnância Simbólica Versus Antepredicativo: O Diálogo Entre Merleau-Ponty E Cassirer
Authors: Feron Olivier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A fact ignored or underestimated by most of the specialist of the work and thought of Merleau-Ponty is the debt h is phenomenology of perception has to Ernst Cassirer’s own phenomenology. The articulation of an actual dialogue between the two thinkers is here anchored in Cassirer’s _concept of symbolic pregnance; which will have further development in Merleau’s Phenomenology of Perception, especially in the chapter he dedicated to the concept of expression. The elements of a possible discussion between the two concepts are here presented as a fruitful basis to renew the reflection on the Lebenswelt problematic.
Mundo e Finitude em Heidegger
Authors: Heleno José Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our goal is to reflect about heidegger’s conception of finitude. We analyse some features of heidegger’s works before Sein und Zeit, particularly notion of Dasein and the es gibt. The other moment of our reflection is the relation between world, finitude and time. We finalize writing some criticai remarks, recalling the philosophy of Heraclitus and the complicity between logos and Sein.
Só o excesso é suficiente. João Paisana e a Filosofia
Authors: Heleno José Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Only the excess is enough. This is our title about the relationship between João Paisana and philosophy. The main theme is phenomenology and hermeneutics, in particular the philosophy of Husserl and Heidegger. João Paisana’s reflection about these authors is very important and capable to introduce novelties. Moreover, his last writings about the concept of experience and communication, is also a very sound one. Politics, and the notion of cultures, is another vertex of his philosophy. Who knows João Paisana can recognize that there is no gap between life and philosophy.
Journal Entry, July 2020: Affirmation, Inclusion, Equity and Everyone
Authors: Quigley Lauren Thomas , Cox Monica , Atman Cynthia J. , Turns Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

When we reflect on 2020, especially in the United States, the divides in society amplified by the pandemic and laid bare for all to see following the murder of George Floyd in Minnesota in May, 2020 will most likely be the top of mind. We could all see this nation’s history and current complicity for racism, both the systematic and systemic. The moment was not unfamiliar, but markedly different. Initially, we wrote this piece in the summer of 2020, in response to our professional organization’s delay and hesitancy to affirm Black lives, Black students, Black engineers and Black faculty. Many of us were crying out. Allies with commitment to action showed up for and with us -- no questions asked, to ensure that what we felt was at least heard. In nearly a year since our original effort to write this piece together, some things have changed for the better. We saw our professional organization affirm Black lives. We saw some of our colleagues take action, change course and use their influence to make the community better. Some learned, listened and tried to do something new. Others, either remained silent, hopefully in contemplation, but some with a silence that convinces us that they are simply not on the same side.
We composed the below entries in the summer of 2020, amid national turbulence and internal reflection. Below we provide four personal stories and some specific calls to action situated in the summer of 2020, but these remain our aspirations and hopes for the field of engineering education.
Avaliação da Acurácia Vertical de MDEs de Fonte Aberta na Região Amazônica a Partir de Dados LIDAR
Authors: Simões Philipe Souza , Guimarães Ulisses Silva , Caldeira Carlos Rodrigo Tanajura 
Published: October 2021

Diversos Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDEs) derivados de sensores orbitais têm sido disponibilizados sem custo à usuários de todo o globo, e têm subsidiado estudos em geociências com informações topográficas em médias e pequenas escalas. Desse modo, é pertinente haver conhecimento por parte do usuário, dos erros verticais que compõem o dado ou produto, visto que nenhum deles está isento da presença de erros posicionais. O presente estudo tem o objetivo avaliar a acurácia vertical dos MDEs de fonte aberta SRTM Version 3.0 Global 1 Arc-Second (GL1), SRTM/X-SAR DEM, SRTM GL1 Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) Up Sampled, TOPODATA, AW3D30 e ASTER GDEM 2, para a região de Belém-PA, tendo como referência a utilização de dados LIDAR. A avaliação se deu através do cálculo do estimador Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) bem como em termos de parâmetros independentes, sendo eles tendência e precisão, com o propósito de testar os erros verticais em relação ao Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica dos Produtos Cartográficos Digitais (PEC-PCD). Obteve-se o melhor RMSE para o MDE AW3D30, na ordem de 4,01 m, enquanto os demais MDEs testados, alcançaram RMSE entre 4,53 e 14,72 m, observando-se o ASTER GDEM 2 com pior desempenho. Ao aplicar o PEC-PCD, as escalas compatíveis foram entre 1:25.000 a 1:50.000, variando entre as categorias B, C e D. Ao considerar as tolerâncias da classe A, os MDEs SRTM/X-SAR DEM e TOPODATA apresentaram compatibilidade à escala 1:50.000, enquanto os demais MDEs às escalas 1:100.000 e 1:250.000. Vertical Accuracy Assessment of Open Source DEMs to the Amazon Region A B S T R A C TSeveral Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from orbital sensors has been available for free to users around the world and supporting studies in geosciences with topographic information at small and medium scales. The user must know the vertical errors that make up the data or product. Thus, this paper purposes to assess the vertical accuracy of open source DEMs SRTM Version 3.0 Global 1 Arc-Second (GL1), SRTM/X-SAR DEM, SRTM GL1 Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) Up Sampled, TOPODATA, AW3D30 e ASTER GDEM 2 to Belem’s region, in Pará State, based on LIDAR data sets. The assessment took place calculating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and calculating the independent parameters bias and precision following the Brazilian Cartographic Accuracy Standard for Digital Cartographic Products (PEC-PCD). The AW3D30 DEM achieved RMSE equals to 4,01 m, the best ones, and the others achieved RMSE between 4,53 and 14,72 m, focusing at the worst RMSE to ASTER GDEM 2. When applying the PEC-PCD, the compatibles scales were between 1:25.000 and 1:50.000, varying between categories B, C and D. When considering the A class tolerances, the possible scales for SRTM/X-SAR DEM and TOPODATA were 1:50.000 while for the other DEMs were 1:100.000 and 1:250.000 scales.KEYWORDS: Digital Elevation Models. Vertical Accuracy. Quality Control.
Alterações no baixo curso do rio Jequitinhonha e seus impactos geomorfológicos no delta: o caso da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itapebi, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Silva Vinicius de Amorim , Lämmle Luca , Perez Filho Archimedes 
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as alterações na morfologia deltaica e no baixo curso do rio Jequitinhonha a partir da implementação barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itapebi (UHI), analisando a evolução da dinâmica fluvial no baixo curso e morfologia deltaica antes e após a construção da barragem. As alterações antropogênicas na morfologia destes subsistemas permitiram interpretar dinâmicas que o rio Jequitinhonha está submetido em seu baixo curso. A caracterização, identificação e análise no delta, além do padrão de drenagem no canal principal, permitiram a investigação dos seguintes parâmetros: morfologia do canal, migração de meandros no canal fluvial, médias de vazão/precipitação e morfologia deltaica. Os resultados demonstraram o aumento da complexidade sistêmica pela intervenção antropogênica no sistema hidrográfico. Dessa forma, sugere-se que a ação antrópica promove alterações na dinâmica fluvial e consequentemente na desembocadura, estabelecendo novo equilíbrio dinâmico em resposta à construção da barragem e retificação do canal. Sugere-se que a morfologia deltaica está se alterando em curto espaço temporal, abandonando sua configuração bifurcada e transformando-se em canal fluvial único em direção à margem esquerda da desembocadura fluvial. Changes in the low course of the Jequitinhonha river and their geomorphological impacts in the delta: the case of the Itapebi Hydroelectric Plant, Bahia, BrazilA B S T R A C TThe objective of this work is to demonstrate the changes in deltaic morphology and the low course of the Jequitinhonha River from the implementation of the Itapebi Hydroelectric Plant dam, analyzing the evolution of fluvial dynamics in the low course and deltaic morphology before and after the construction of the dam. The anthropogenic changes in the morphology of these subsystems allowed to interpret dynamics that the Jequitinhonha River is subjected to in its low course. The delta characterization, identification, and analysis, in addition to the drainage pattern in the main channel, allowed the investigation of the following parameters: channel morphology, migration of meanders in the fluvial channel, flow/precipitation averages and deltaic morphology. The results showed an increase in systemic complexity due to anthropogenic intervention in the hydrographic system. Thus, it is suggested that the anthropic action promotes changes in the river dynamics and consequently in the outlet, establishing a new dynamic balance in response to the construction of the dam and rectification of the channel. It is suggested that the deltaic morphology is changing in a short time, abandoning its bifurcated configuration, and becoming a single river channel towards the left bank of the river mouth.Keywords: Fluvial-marine Morphology; Anthropogenic Geomorphology; Geomorphological Mapping.
Aplicação da precipitação estimada por sensoriamento remoto no balanço hídrico simplificado da bacia hidrográfica de Ribeirão Nobres, Brazil
Authors: Redivo Polyana Comino , Sanches Luciana , Alves Keylyane Santos da Silva 
Published: October 2021

A precipitação estimada pelo produto 3B43V7 TRMM foi avaliada para aplicação no balanço hídrico simplificado na bacia hidrográfica Ribeirão Nobres, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, que apresenta escassez de série temporal de dados hidrológicos medidos em campo. Para isso, foram realizadas as caracterizações da forma da sua forma física e o tempo de concentração da bacia principal e de suas sub-bacias, da análise do rio principal, das variáveis hidrometeorológicas medidas in loco, e da precipitação obtida pelo produto 3B43V7 TRMM de precipitação que sobrepõem a bacia. Após correlação entre as precipitações medidas em campo e estimadas por sensoriamento remoto, o balanço hídrico simplificado foi determinado. Como resultados, constatou-se que a bacia possui forma alongada, com uma rede de drenagem satisfatória, contribuindo tanto para a alimentação dos recursos hídricos superficiais quanto subterrâneos. Por meio de dados meteorológicos medidos in loco, verificou-se o padrão sazonal hidrológico na região, confirmado pelas precipitações utilizando o produto TRMM. Sobre a análise da precipitação pluviométrica, ela apresentou satisfatória correlação entre o medido e estimado possibilitando a determinação do balanço hídrico com a flutuação de períodos com excedente (chuvoso) e deficiência hídrica (estiagem) expressivos. Application of precipitation estimated by remote sensing in the simplified water balance of the Ribeirão Nobres basin, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe precipitation estimated by 3B43V7 TRMM product was evaluated for application in the simplified water balance in the Ribeirão Nobres basin, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, which presents a shortage of time series of hydrological data measured in the field. For that, the characterizations of the shape of its physical form and the concentration time of the main basin and its sub-basins were carried out, the analysis of the main river, the hydrometeorological variables measured in loco, and the precipitation obtained by the product 3B43V7 TRMM of precipitation that overlap the basin. After correlation between rainfall measured in the field and estimated by remote sensing, the simplified water balance was determined. As a result, it was found that the basin has an elongated shape, with a satisfactory drainage network, contributing to the supply of both surface and underground water resources. Through meteorological data measured in loco, the seasonal hydrological pattern in the region was verified, confirmed by the precipitation using the TRMM product. Regarding the analysis of rainfall, it showed a satisfactory correlation between the measured and estimated, enabling the determination of the water balance with the fluctuation of periods with significant surplus (rainy) and water deficiency (drought).Keywords: 3B43V7 TRMM product; water availability; pluviometry.
Especiação de metais em sedimentos de superfície de uma unidade de conservação: Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena - Paraná
Authors: Roos Andreine Aline , Quináia Sueli Pércio , Pletsch Adelmo Lowe , Gadelha dos Santos Ketty Priscila Maiara 
Published: October 2021

O Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena (RBSH) é uma unidade de conservação banhada pelo reservatório de Itaipu, no oeste do Paraná, Brasil. Apesar de ser uma área protegida, seu entorno é passível de contaminação por diversas fontes antropogênicas, principalmente ligadas a agropecuária. Objetivo principal desse estudo foi determinar os teores e a biodisponibilidade dos íons metálicos (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe e Cd) nos sedimentos do entorno do RBSH, por meio da estração sequencial de Tessier, no verão e outono de 2019, estações climáticas que apresentaram diferentes níveis de água do reservatório. As diferenças hidrológicas entre o verão e o outono promoveram um acúmulo de alguns íons metálicos nos sedimentos e a liberação de outros para a coluna da água de uma estação para a outra. Os maiores teores de íons metálicos nos sedimentos foram detectados na fração ligada aos óxidos e hidróxidos de Fe e Mn, independente da estação climática, provavelmente devido à origem basáltica dos solos da região. No entanto, nenhum dos íons metálicos ultrapassou o valor do PEL (nível de efeitos prováveis), indicando que apenas ocasionalmente são esperados efeitos adversos à biota. Os indicadores de qualidade dos sedimentos mostraram uma contaminação moderada por Cr e Pb, em virtude de contribuições antropogênicas. Metal speciation in surface sediments of a conservation unit: Biological Refuge of Santa Helena – Paraná A B S T R A C TThe Santa Helena Biological Refuge (RBSH) is a conservation unit bathed by the Itaipu reservoir, in western Paraná, Brazil. Despite being a protected area, its surroundings are susceptible to contamination by several anthropogenic sources, mainly linked to agriculture and livestock. The main objective of the study was to determine the levels and bioavailability of metal ions (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cd) in the sediments surrounding the RBSH, through the sequential Tessier extraction, in the summer and autumn of 2019, which different levels of water in the reservoir. The hydrological differences between summer and autumn promoted the accumulation of some metal ions in the sediments and the release of others to a column of water from one season to the next. The highest levels of metal ions in the sediments were detected in the fraction linked to the oxides and hydroxides of Fe and Mn, regardless of the climatic season, probably due to the basaltic origin of the soils in the region. However, none of the metal ions exceeded the PEL value (level of probable effects), indicating that only occasionally adverse effects to biota are expected. The differentiated sediment quality indicators show moderate contamination by Cr and Pb, due to anthropogenic contributions.Keyword: sediments, metal ions, speciation, sequential extraction