bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified boron nitride‐basalt fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates and their enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wang Nan , Liao Jun , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt present, the application of epoxy resin and its composites was severely restricted by its disadvantages of intrinsic brittleness after curing, poor fatigue strength, and low fracture energy. In order to improve its mechanical performances and broaden its applied range, the modified boron nitride‐basalt fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates (EP‐BF/mBN) were successfully prepared via a hot‐press process by using BF as reinforcement of epoxy resin composites and BN nanosheets treated by codeposition of PDA and PEI as toughening agent. The effects of the concentration of modified BN solution on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied in terms of flexural strength, flexural modulus, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC). When 6 g L−1 modified BN solution was added, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, ILSS, and GIIC increased by 12.7%, 10.4%, 37.0%, 62.3%, respectively. And flexural strength, flexural modulus, ILSS, and GIIC approached to 894.6 MPa, 34.6 GPa, 60.4 MPa, and 483.9 J m−2, respectively, which was 20.0%, 10.7%, 38.9%, and 68.9% higher than that of EP‐BF at −60°C, suggesting that EP‐BF/mBN even had better mechanical performances at low temperature, which would be widely used in more fields in the future.
The early evolutionary landscape of osteosarcoma provides clues for targeted treatment strategies
Authors: Kovac Michal , Ameline Baptiste , Ribi Sebastian , Kovacova Monika , Cross William , Barenboim Maxim , Witt Olaf , Bielack Stefan , Krieg Andreas , Hartmann Wolfgang , Nathrath Michaela , Baumhoer Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteosarcomas are aggressive primary tumors of bone that are typically detected in locally advanced stages; however, which genetic mutations drive the cancer before its clinical detection remain unknown. To identify these events, we performed longitudinal genome‐sequencing analysis of 12 patients with metastatic or refractory osteosarcoma. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses were carried out next to identify actionable mutations, and these were validated by integrating data from additional 153 osteosarcomas and pre‐existing functional evidence from mouse PDX models. We found that the earliest and thus clinically most promising mutations affect the cell cycle G1 transition, which is guarded by cyclins D3, E1, and cyclin‐dependent kinases 2, 4, and 6. Cell cycle G1 alterations originate no more than a year before the primary tumor is clinically detected and occur in >90% and 50% of patients of the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In comparison, other cancer driver mutations could be acquired at any evolutionary stage and often do not become pervasive. Consequently, our data support that the repertoire of actionable mutations present in every osteosarcoma cell is largely limited to cell cycle G1 mutations. Since they occur in mutually exclusive combinations favoring either CDK2 or CDK4/6 pathway activation, we propose a new genomically‐based algorithm to direct patients to correct clinical trial options. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration triggers redistribution of nitrogen to promote tillering in rice
Authors: Zhou Juan , Gao Yingbo , Wang Junpeng , Liu Chang , Wang Zi , Lv Minjia , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Zhou Yong , Dong Guichun , Wang Yulong , Huang Jianye , Hui Dafeng , Yang Zefeng , Yao Youli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) often reduces nitrogen (N) content in rice plants and stimulates tillering. However, there is a general consensus that reduced N would constrain rice tillering. To resolve this contradiction, we investigated N distribution and transcriptomic changes in different rice plant organs after subjecting them to eCO2 and different N application rates. Our results showed that eCO2 significantly promoted rice tillers (by 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.1 tillers/plant at 0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1 N application rates, respectively) and more tillers were produced under higher N application rates, confirming that N availability constrained tillering in the early stages of growth. Although N content declined in the leaves (−11.0 to −20.7 mg g−1) and sheaths (−9.8 to −28.8 mg g−1) of rice plants exposed to eCO2, the N content of newly emerged tillers on plants exposed to eCO2 equaled or exceeded the N content of tillers produced under ambient CO2 conditions. Apparently, the redistribution of N within the plant per se was a critical adaptation strategy to the eCO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that eCO2 induced less extensive alteration of gene expression than did N application. Most importantly, the expression levels of multiple N‐related transporters and receptors such as nitrate transporter NRT2.3a/b and NRT1.1a/b were differentially regulated in leaf and shoot apical meristem, suggesting that multiple genes were involved in sensing the N signal and transporting N metabolites to adapt to eCO2. The redistribution of N in different organs could be a universal adaptation strategy of terrestrial plants to eCO2.
Non‐isothermal gas‐assisted displacement of viscous Newtonian fluids at high capillary number in gas‐assisted injection molding
Authors: Kirk Robert J. , Tendulkar Minesh R. , Kolliopoulos Panayiotis K. , Wang Yijie , Shi Xutao , Koelling Kurt W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGas‐assisted injection molding is a polymer processing technology in which a penetrating gas bubble hollows out a plastic part as it cools and solidifies within a mold. In this study, non‐isothermal gas injection experiments at high capillary number illustrate the effects of delay time in gas injection, tube diameter, capillary number, and temperature‐sensitive fluid viscosity and flow activation energy on coating thickness. Experiments with polybutene H‐300 and Dow Corning silicon oil (DC‐200) in stainless steel tubing (1.27 and 0.635 cm) demonstrated fractional coverage increasing from 0.6 to a maximum in the range of 0.63–0.83 at short delay times, then decaying toward 0.6 at long delay times upon approaching the cooled isothermal state. Further analysis is drawn from simulations based on a simple theoretical model incorporating one‐dimensional heat transfer with convection at the outer surface of the mold, non‐isothermal behavior of the viscous fluid, and radial velocity profiles in the one‐phase fluid flow region. Quantitative agreement is found between experimental and simulated results. Two‐dimensional modeling and simulation methods extend the prior results to illustrate transient axial and radial heat transfer as well as flow behavior with respect to the penetrating gas bubble within the fluid flow region.
Glucagon: Its evolving role in the management of hypoglycemia
Authors: Isaacs Diana , Clements Jennifer , Turco Neil , Hartman Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMore than 10% of the United States population has diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia. Insulin and other agents used to treat diabetes predispose people to hypoglycemia, which can be life threatening. Glucagon is an emergency medication that can save lives by quickly raising glucose in people who are unconscious or unable to consume glucose due to severe hypoglycemia. Although glucagon has been commercially available since 1960, earlier formulations required reconstitution of a dry powder with diluent immediately prior to injection, due to lack of long‐term stability once reconstituted. Glucagon has been underutilized due to the lack of confidence or ability to administer in emergency situations. More recently, new formulations including a nasal powder glucagon and liquid‐stable glucagon have become available. This article discusses the evidence surrounding new glucagon formulations compared with the original glucagon emergency kit including ease of use, efficacy, and safety with a focus on important patient counseling points and relevant clinical information on hypoglycemia.
Highly heat‐resistant branched silicon‐containing arylacetylene resins with low curing temperature
Authors: Ling Zhipeng , Zhu Junli , Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping , Wang Liquan , Du Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSilicon‐containing arylacetylene (PSA) resins exhibit excellent thermal stability. However, the high curing temperature limits their applications. Herein, we report that changing the topology of PSA resins from linear to branched effectively decreases their curing temperature with no deterioration of thermal stability. Two sets of resins based on silyleneethynylene–naphthalene–ethynylene (SNP) and silyleneethynylene–phenyl–ethynylene (SPN) repeat units were studied. It is found that the branched resins exhibit considerably lower thermal curing temperatures than their linear counterparts. The exothermic peaks for branched SNP (BSNP) and branched SPN (BSPN) are about 190 and 214 °C, respectively, which are 18 and 25 °C lower than those for their linear counterparts (i.e. PSNP and PSPN). Density functional theory was applied to theoretically explain the differences in the thermal curing temperature between the linear and branched resins. The lower curing temperature of the branched PSAs is attributed to the greater number of terminal alkyne groups per molecule which increases the reactivity of the curing reaction to transform into a crosslinked structure. In addition, Td5 (the temperature at 5% mass loss) for BSNP and BSPN resins are 653 and 613 °C, respectively, which are comparable with those for their linear counterparts. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Incorporating the indigenous evaluation framework for culturally responsive community engagement
Authors: Goforth Anisa N. , Nichols Lindsey M. , Sun Jingjing , Violante Amy , Christopher Kelsey , Graham Niki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNative American families, schools, and communities foster resilience among their youth who experience significant mental health disparities. To increase equity in mental health services for Native American students, it is essential that researchers employ culturally responsive community engagement when developing programs in schools. Guided by the Indigenous Evaluation Framework and Tribal Critical Race Theory, the aim of the current study was to examine our process of community engagement in the development of a culturally responsive school‐based mental health program for students attending public school on the land of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. University‐affiliated members of the research team who were engaged in the community‐based participatory action research analyzed the process through individual reflexivity and collaborative discussions. Findings include themes of Centrality of Context and Relationships, Immersion into Community, Authentic Partnership, Storytelling and Metaphors, Community Liaison as Teacher, Cultural Broker, and Confidant, and Honoring Tribal Sovereignty. Implications for researchers and practitioners emphasize the importance of using decolonizing practices and community engagement in developing and implementing culturally responsive school‐based mental health programs to increase equity for Native American youth.
A consensus on the Aquaporin Gene Family in the Allotetraploid Plant, Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Groszmann Michael , De Rosa Annamaria , Ahmed Jahed , Chaumont François , Evans John R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAquaporins (AQPs) are membrane‐spanning channel proteins with exciting applications for plant engineering and industrial applications. Translational outcomes will be improved by better understanding the extensive diversity of plant AQPs. However, AQP gene families are complex, making exhaustive identification difficult, especially in polyploid species. The allotetraploid species of Nicotiana tabacum (Nt; tobacco) plays a significant role in modern biological research and is closely related to several crops of economic interest, making it a valuable platform for AQP research. Recently, De Rosa et al., (2020) and Ahmed et al., (2020), concurrently reported on the AQP gene family in tobacco, establishing family sizes of 76 and 88 members, respectively. The discrepancy highlights the difficulties of characterizing large complex gene families. Here, we identify and resolve the differences between the two studies, clarify gene models, and yield a consolidated collection of 84 members that more accurately represents the complete NtAQP family. Importantly, this consensus NtAQP collection will reduce confusion and ambiguity that would inevitably arise from having two different descriptive studies and sets of NtAQP gene names. This report also serves as a case study, highlighting and discussing variables to be considered and refinements required to ensure comprehensive gene family characterizations, which become valuable resources for examining the evolution and biological functions of genes.
Recent development of polyimides: Synthesis, processing, and application in gas separation
Authors: Xu Zhen , Croft Zacary L. , Guo Dong , Cao Ke , Liu Guoliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance polymers have been concomitant with advanced technology for half a century. With the advancement of synthetic chemistry, the recent development of high‐performance polymers has provided superior properties and enabled wide applications. This article reviews recent research progress in aromatic high‐performance polymers. Particularly, we focus on the synthesis and processing of polyimides, as well as the application in gas separation membranes. We begin with a brief introduction to highlight important history and physiochemical characteristics of polyimides. Then, we review the various synthesis methods, followed by recent advances for improving processability. Finally, we evaluate the use of high‐performance polymers in gas separation membranes with focus given to the key issues of plasticization and aging. Overall, the information presented herein provides an up‐to‐date overview of high‐performance polymers, polyimides particularly, and serves as a guide for further research involving the applications in membrane technologies.
Studies on the control effect of Bacillus subtilis on wheat powdery mildew
Authors: Xie Deshan , Cai Xuewei , Yang Chunping , Xie Linjun , Qin Guangwei , Zhang Min , Huang Yong , Gong Guoshu , Chang Xiaoli , Chen Huabao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat powdery mildew is a worldwide fungal disease and one of the main diseases harming wheat production. Bacillus subtilis is a vital biocontrol bacteria with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we systematically studied the control effect of B. subtilis on wheat powdery mildew.RESULTSThe control efficiency of 4 × 105 CFU ml−1 B. subtilis on wheat leaves was 71.75% in vitro and 70.31% in a pot experiment. Application of 4 × 105 CFU ml−1 B. subtilis significantly inhibited spore germination (spore germination rate of 22.23%) and increased appressorium deformity (appressorium deformity rate of 69.33%). This was significantly different from the results in the sterile water treatment. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids (including phenylalanine), carbon metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway and other pathways. In particular, the plant hormone signal pathway gene nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related genes 1 (NPR1) was significantly upregulated.CONCLUSIONB. subtilis at concentrations of 4 × 105 CFU ml−1 had a significant control effect on wheat powdery mildew and can inhibit germination of the conidial germ tubes and the normal development of appressorium. B. subtilis may induce disease resistance in wheat to control wheat powdery mildew, and this effect is related to the salicylic acid‐dependent signal pathway. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A nonparametric change detection approach in social networks
Authors: Hazrati‐Marangaloo Hossein , Noorossana Rassoul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA network provides powerful means of representing relationships between entities in complex physical, biological, cyber, and social systems. Any phenomena in those areas may be realized as changes in the structure of the associated networks. Hence, change detection in dynamic networks is an important problem in many areas, such as fraud detection, cyber intrusion detection, and health care monitoring. This article proposes a new methodology for monitoring dynamic networks for quick detection of structural changes in network streams and also estimating the location of the change‐point. The proposed methodology utilizes the eigenvalues for the adjacency matrices of network snapshots and employs a nonparametric hypothesis to test if the distribution of the eigenvalues for the current snapshot is different from those of the previous ones along a sliding window of reference networks. The statistic of the nonparametric test, energy distance among eigenvalues, is monitored using a one‐sided exponentially weighted moving average control chart. Then, after an anomaly detection signal from the monitoring scheme, eigenvalues for the snapshots are employed to calculate the energy statistic at various time steps to locate the change‐point. The proposed method is intended to detect two types of structural changes in the networks: (1) change in the communication rates among individuals and (2) change in the community structure of the network. The proposed methodology is applied to both simulated and real‐world data. Results indicate that the proposed methodology provides a reliable tool for monitoring networks streams and also estimating change‐points locations for precise assessing of the networks under investigation.
Automating the IRC‐Analysis within Eyringpy
Authors: Quintal Alan , Dzib Eugenia , Ortíz‐Chi Filiberto , Jaque Pablo , Restrepo Albeiro , Merino Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo analyze the evolution of a chemical property along the reaction path, it is necessary to extract all the information from a set of electronic structure computations. However, this process is time‐consuming and prone to human error. Here we introduce intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC)‐Analysis, a new extension in Eyringpy, to monitor the evolution of chemical properties along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, including the complete reaction force analysis. IRC‐Analysis collects the entire data set for each snapshot of the reaction coordinate, avoiding human error in data capture, and allowing the study of several chemical reactions in seconds. Eyringpy is written in Python, has a simple input format, and no programming skills are required. Python's Matplotlib library is used for plotting the evolution of the properties along the reaction coordinate. This version can analyze the evolution of bond distances, angles, Wiberg bond indices, natural charges, dipole moments, and orbital energies (and related properties).
Cascaded model‐free predictive control for single‐phase boost power factor correction converters
Authors: Gu Jiayuan , Li Hongmei , Zhang Hengguo , Pan Chen , Luan Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConventionally, the dual‐loop PI controllers are designed for the single‐phase boost power factor correction (PFC) converters operating under continuous conduction mode (CCM), which is not available to perform rapid adaptations to plant uncertainties caused by the different operation modes and the parameter variations. In order to improve the control performance and robustness, a cascaded model‐free predictive control (MFPC) scheme is proposed based on the unified ultra‐local model under CCM and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for the single‐phase boost power factor correctors. Different from the traditional sluggish PI controllers, the proposed control law is adaptive to the operation mode and sudden variations with the algebraic identification technique, thus providing high‐quality line current and fast dynamic characteristic for the full power operating range. Comparative simulations and experiments with PI control scheme are provided to certificate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Output‐feedback stabilization of a class of stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics and multidelay
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problem of output‐feedback stabilization for a class of stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics and multidelay is studied. In the control scheme, an output‐feedback controller with a reduced‐order observer is designed to globally stabilize the whole system. Different from the classical literature on stochastic upper‐triangular systems, a high‐gain‐based technique is utilized to eliminate the effect of uncertainties in z0‐subsystem. By skillfully choosing suitable forms of the control gains and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, we analyze the global asymptotic stability in probability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
An event‐triggered approach to security control for networked systems using hybrid attack model
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Wang Yuda , Zha Lijuan , Xie Xiangpeng , Tian Engang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents an event‐triggered approach to security control for networked systems by using hybrid attack model. Stochastic deception attacks, replay attacks, and denial of service attacks are assumed to occur in the communication network. The main contribution of the article is that an event‐triggered control strategy is presented to stabilize the networked systems based on the hybrid attacks and the network resource limitations. A novel event‐based model for networked control systems under hybrid attacks is established. Based on the proposed model, sufficient conditions are acquired to guarantee the closed‐loop system stability and the controller design method is developed. Finally, two simulation examples are given to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Wildfire severity and vegetation recovery drive post‐fire evapotranspiration in a southwestern pine‐oak forest, Arizona, USA
Authors: Poulos Helen M. , Barton Andrew M. , Koch George W. , Kolb Thomas E. , Thode Andrea E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPost‐fire stand water balance is a critical factor influencing tree regeneration and survival, which are often modulated by fire severity. We examined influences of the post‐fire vegetation matrix and fire severity on diurnal, seasonal, and multi‐year variation in evapotranspiration (ET) by analyzing the relationship between post‐fire vegetation and ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on the International Space Station (ECOSTRESS) ET data using multivariate and linear mixed effects modeling. Unlike many high‐severity fire sites where ET drops after burning, post‐fire ET was high at shrubland sites that burned at high fire severity in southern Arizona, USA. In this study, post‐fire ET was driven by plant species composition and tree canopy cover. ET was significantly higher in the morning and midday in densely vegetated post‐fire shrublands than pine‐dominated forests that remained 5–7 years after wildfire. Our results demonstrate that plant functional traits such as resprouting and desiccation tolerance drive post‐fire ET patterns, and they are likely to continue to play critical roles in shaping post‐fire plant communities and forest water cycling under future environmental change.