bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual energy dynamics reveal nonlinear interaction of stressors threatening migratory fish populations
Authors: Chaparro‐Pedraza Perla Catalina , de Roos André M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Migratory fish populations, like salmon, have dramatically declined for decades. Because of their extensive and energetically costly breeding migration, anadromous fish are sensitive to a variety of environmental stressors, in particular infrastructure building in freshwater streams that increases the energetic requirements of the breeding migration and food declines in the ocean.

While the effects of these stressors separately are well documented, the cumulative and interactive impacts of them are poorly understood.

Here, we use a bioenergetics model recently developed for fish life history to investigate the individual life history and population responses to these stressors combined.

We find that food decline in the ocean can mitigate rather than exacerbate the negative effect of elevated migration costs imposed by infrastructure building in streams. This counterintuitive effect results from the highly nonlinear manner in which these stressors interact and affect the individual energetics. In particular, this effect arises from the fact that individuals growing in the ocean under higher food conditions reach larger sizes with concomitant larger migration costs but are leaner. As a consequence of their lower energy densities, they spend most of their energy reserves to transport their body upstream when migration costs are high, and little is left for reproduction, resulting in lower individual fitness.

Our results highlight the need of a mechanistic understanding integrating individual energetics, life history and population dynamics to accurately assess biological consequences of environmental change.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Multi‐problem families in intensive specialised multi‐family therapy: Theoretical description and case study report
Authors: Overbeek Mathilde M. , Gudde Liesbeth M. , Rijnberk Corine , Hempel Roelie , Beijer Daniëla , Maras Athanasios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSome families experience chronic, severe and intergenerational problems across multiple domains in their lives. These multi‐problem families do not seem to benefit from standard treatment. For them, Intensive Specialized Multi‐Family Therapy (ISMFT) was developed at the Department of Family Psychiatry (DFP) of a mental health organization in the Netherlands. ISMFT is an integrative treatment based on multiple family therapy with added elements of solution‐focused therapy and a focus on the working alliance between families and therapists. This kind of intensive treatment for multi‐problem families is rare across Europe, and is often seen as a ‘last resort’ before a decision on out‐of‐home placement of the children is made. This paper describes the theoretical principles used in ISMFT and uses a case study of an anonymized family to describe the course of treatment and illustrate treatment principles.Practitioner pointsOffering multi‐family therapy helps families overcome feelings of isolation, maximises their own resources and provides opportunities for support and constructive criticism.Therapists have an important role in facilitating a safe group atmosphere, as well as challenging parents by voicing different perspectives and reflecting on parental behaviour.By making parents the expert on their own families, good treatment results can be achieved in therapy‐resistant multi‐problem families.
Bridging form and meaning: support from derivational suffixes in word learning
Authors: Dawson Nicola , Rastle Kathleen , Ricketts Jessie 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundVocabulary development is closely associated with morphological knowledge, yet work is needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. One possibility is that because morphological relationships entail systematic mappings between word form (phonology and orthography) and word meaning (semantics and grammar), children may take advantage of these links to form high‐quality lexical representations when learning novel words. This study examined whether developing readers show superior semantic, phonological and orthographic learning of novel words when those words contain an existing suffix that is congruent with the definition of that word.MethodsTwo groups of adolescents (younger: 12–13 years, n = 39, and older: 16–19 years, n = 39) learned definitions for 18 nonwords, each comprising a nonword stem and an existing suffix (e.g., clantist). Half the definitions were semantically and syntactically congruent with the suffix; the other half were incongruent. Training took place across two sessions, followed by a series of post‐tests measuring semantic learning (through a semantic recall task), phonological learning (through a shadowing task), lexicalisation of nonwords (through a lexical decision task) and orthographic learning (through a spelling task).ResultsBoth age groups showed significantly stronger semantic recall for items taught in the congruent compared with the incongruent condition. However, this effect did not emerge in our measures of phonological and orthographic learning or in lexicalisation of nonwords.ConclusionsThese findings provide some evidence that the presence of familiar suffixes in unfamiliar words facilitates novel word learning in adolescents, but in the present study, this benefit was only observed in the mappings between word form and meaning and not in the learning of word forms.
Intersectionality on the go: The diffusion of Black feminist knowledge across disciplinary and geographical borders
Authors: Keuchenius Anna , Mügge Liza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKimberlé Crenshaw coined the term “intersectionality” in 1989 as a critique of feminist and critical race scholarship's neglect of—respectively—race and gender. Since then, the concept has been interpreted and reinterpreted to appeal to new disciplinary, geographical, and sociocultural audiences, generating heated debates over its appropriation and continued political significance. Drawing on all 3,807 publications in Scopus that contain the word “intersectionality” in the title, abstract, or keywords, we map the spread of intersectionality in academia through its citations. Network analysis reveals the contours of its diffusion among the 6,098 scholars in our data set, while automated text analysis, manual coding, and the close reading of publications reveal how the application and interpretation of intersectional thinking has evolved over time and space. We find that the diffusion network exhibits communities that are not well demarcated by either discipline or geography. Communities form around one or a few highly referenced scholars who introduce intersectionality to new audiences while reinterpreting it in a way that speaks to their research interests. By examining the microscopic interactions of publications and citations, our complex systems approach is able to identify the macroscopic patterns of a controversial concept's diffusion.
Organised interests in the media and policy congruence: The contingent impact of the status quo
Authors: RASMUSSEN ANNE , BINDERKRANTZ ANNE SKORKJÆR , KLÜVER HEIKE 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile a multitude of studies have investigated the link between opinion and policy, we have little knowledge of how and when organised interests affect this linkage. We argue that the alignment of organised interests affects opinion–policy congruence by influencing the weight decision‐makers attach to citizen preferences. Moreover, we propose that alignment between majorities of groups and the public matters the most when status quo bias must be overcome for the public to obtain its preferred policy. We test our theoretical claims drawing on a comprehensive media content analysis of 160 policy issues in Germany and Denmark. Our results present a more sceptical picture of the ability of groups to suppress the opinion–policy linkage than the one frequently presented in the academic literature and public debate. We find that the capacity of groups to affect whether policy is congruent with the majority of the public is restricted to situations where the public supports a change in the status quo. In these cases, policy is less likely to end up reflecting public opinion if the majority of interest groups do not support the public position. In cases where the public is supportive of the policy status quo, the position of interest groups does not affect the likelihood that policy will eventually reflect the preferred position of the public. Our findings expand existing knowledge of organised interests in the study of policy representation and have important implications for understanding democratic governance.
Hospital‐based health systems 20 years later: A taxonomy for policy research and analysis
Authors: Shortell Stephen M. , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Martinez Camblor Pablo , O’Malley A. James 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveBuilding on the original taxonomy of hospital‐based health systems from 20 years ago, we develop a new taxonomy to inform emerging public policy and practice developments.Data SourcesThe 2016 American Hospital Association's (AHA) Annual Survey; the 2016 IQVIA Healthcare Organizations and Systems (HCOS) database; and the 2017‐2018 National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems (NSHOS).Study DesignCluster analysis of the 2016 AHA Annual Survey data to derive measures of differentiation, centralization, and integration to create categories or types of hospital‐based health systems.Data CollectionPrincipal components factor analysis with varimax rotation generating the factors used in the cluster algorithms.Principal FindingsAmong the four cluster types, 54% (N = 202) of systems are decentralized (−0.35) and relatively less differentiated (−0.37); 23% of systems (N = 85) are highly differentiated (1.28) but relatively decentralized (−0.29); 15% (N = 57) are highly centralized (2.04) and highly differentiated (0.65); and approximately 9 percent (N = 33) are least differentiated (−1.35) and most decentralized (−0.64). Despite differences in calculation, the Highly Centralized, Highly Differentiated System Cluster and the Undifferentiated, Decentralized System Cluster were similar to those identified 20 years ago. The other two system clusters contained similarities as well as differences from those 20 years ago. Overall, 82 percent of the systems remain relatively decentralized suggesting they operate largely as holding companies allowing autonomy to individual hospitals operating within the system.ConclusionsThe new taxonomy of hospital‐based health systems bears similarities as well as differences from 20 years ago. Important applications of the taxonomy for addressing current challenges facing the healthcare system, such as the transition to value‐based payment models, continued consolidation, and the growing importance of the social determinants of health, are highlighted.
Prehospital Resuscitation Decision Making: A model of ambulance personnel experiences, preparation and support
Authors: Anderson Natalie E , Slark Julia , Gott Merryn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis paper presents the first Naturalistic Decision Making model of prehospital resuscitation decision‐making, which has clear implications for education, practice and support.MethodsA mixed‐methods exploratory sequential research design consisting of interviews with ambulance personnel (study 1), focus groups with ambulance educators, managers and peer supporters (study 2), and an online survey of graduating paramedic students (study 3). This paper reports the model developed from integrated findings, across all three studies. All research was undertaken in New Zealand and underpinned by a critical realist worldview.ResultsThe Prehospital Resuscitation Decision Making model identifies key processes, challenges and facilitators before, during and after ambulance personnel attend a cardiac arrest event. It is the only descriptive model of resuscitation decision making which acknowledges the decision‐maker, non‐prognostic factors and the importance of adequate preparation and support.ConclusionsThis research project is the first to comprehensively explore and model ambulance personnel perspectives on decisions to start, continue or stop resuscitation. The decision‐making process is complex and difficult to simply formularise. Education and supports must assist ambulance personnel in navigating this complexity. Where resuscitation is withheld or terminated, ambulance personnel need to feel confident that they can effectively provide after‐death care.
Sanction risk perceptions, coherence, and deterrence*
Authors: Barnum Timothy C. , Nagin Daniel S. , Pogarsky Greg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch from environmental criminology, policing, and related literatures consistently finds that objective conditions related to risk of apprehension affect crime. The mechanism underlying this relationship is not explicitly tested; instead, perceptual deterrence is assumed. In this analysis we explicitly investigate that mechanism. This test is not straightforward, however, as some research shows that risk perceptions are susceptible to various cognitive biases and framing effects. Thus, we advance a framework of sanction risk perception that combines individual and contextual determinants. Specifically, we investigate whether contextual factors materially influence risk perceptions and in turn intentions to offend after accounting for the influence of individual‐specific determinants. Our data come from an experimental survey on speeding (N = 1,919). Respondents viewed videos from the driver's perspective of a sedan speeding on a highway and provided estimates of sanction risk, safety perceptions, and behavioral intentions. Although sanction risk and safety perceptions for speeding varied widely across respondents, they remained grounded in the objective conditions of the experimental videos. In turn, citizen perceptions of apprehension risk were comparable with risk estimates elicited from state troopers after viewing the same videos. The results suggest deterrence and safety considerations are important contributing factors that help shape intentions to transgress.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation onCulex quinquefasciatusimmature stages
Authors: Munawar Kashif , Alahmed Azzam M. , Khalil Sayed M.S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUltraviolet radiation has negative effects on different living organisms. The effects of ultraviolet radiation have been widely studied on some insects, such as stored‐product pests. However, few studies have examined the effects of ultraviolet radiation on mosquitoes. In this study, we report the effect of ultraviolet radiation type C, or ultraviolet C, on the immature stages ofCulex quinquefasciatus. Our results suggest that early larval instars were more susceptible to ultraviolet C than late instars, and longer ultraviolet C exposure times were more lethal to larvae regardless of age. Ultraviolet C caused 100% mortality in pupae after 11 minutes of exposure. No egg hatching was observed after 15 minutes of exposure. Mortality in immature stages occurred over time, especially during larval molting and adult emergence.
Prebiotic frozen dessert processed with water‐soluble extract of rice byproduct: Vegan and nonvegan consumers perception using preferred attribute elicitation methodology and acceptance
Authors: da Silva Jiuliane Martins , Barão Carlos Eduardo , Esmerino Erick Almeida , Cruz Adriano Gomes , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the perceptions (using the preferred attribute elicitation [PAE] methodology) and acceptance of frozen dessert processed with water‐soluble extract of rice byproduct and added with prebiotic components (long‐chain inulin, medium‐chain inulin, oligofructose, or polydextrose, 5 g/100 g) by vegan or nonvegan consumers. Most of the elicited attributes (9 out of 13 attributes, yellow color, brightness, creamy appearance, passion fruit aroma, sweet taste, passion fruit flavor, acid taste, sour taste, and creamy texture) were considered important for the characterization and/or acceptance of the frozen dessert formulations by both groups (vegan and nonvegan), but the order of importance was different between the groups. The sensory profile (Rv = 0.48, P = 0.03 in MFA) of the frozen dessert formulations was similar between vegan and nonvegan groups, and polydextrose contributed to increase firmness/consistency of the frozen dessert, while long‐chain inulin contributed to the increase in the creaminess of the products. Finally, oligofructose and polydextrose could reduce the sour taste of the products. The consumers gave scores from 6 to 8 in a 9‐point hedonic scale for the products, suggesting suitable acceptance. However, vegan consumers gave lower scores for the same products. In conclusion, PAE methodology can be used to compare the perception of different consumer groups, and vegan and nonvegan consumers have a similar perception about prebiotic frozen dessert processed with water‐soluble extract of rice byproduct. Furthermore, the frozen dessert developed had suitable consumer acceptance, although vegan gave lower scores than nonvegan consumers.Practical ApplicationThis is the first study involving the development of prebiotic frozen dessert from water‐soluble extract of rice byproduct and application of PAE to assess the sensory perception of vegan and nonvegan consumers. The results are important for the industry as they indicate that the PAE methodology can be used to characterize food products, compare the perception of different consumer groups, and elicit attributes that are important for the products, suggesting that universal marketing strategies could be used and that the developed frozen dessert could serve both vegan consumers and those on conventional diets.
Advances in our understanding and distribution of the Cronobacter genus in China
Authors: Ling Na , Jiang Yujun , Zeng Haiyan , Ding Yu , Forsythe Stephen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis review considers how research in China has progressed our understanding and subsequent improved control of Cronobacter. This emergent bacterial pathogen is associated with neonatal infections through the ingestion of contaminated prepared feed. The review includes large‐scale surveys of various sources of the organism, including infant formula production facilities. The analysis of over 20,000 samples is presented. Over 10,000 being from powdered infant formula and other infant foods as well as environmental sampling of production facilities, the remaining being from food, food ingredients, and human carriage. A major advance in China was adopting DNA‐sequence‐based methods (that is, multilocus sequence typing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐cas array profiling, and single‐nucleotide polymorphism analysis) for the identification and genotyping of the organism. These methods have considerably advanced our understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, and virulence of this organism. In turn, this has improved source tracking of the organism both in infant formula production facilities and epidemiological investigations. Furthermore, whole‐genome sequencing has revealed a range of virulence and persistence mechanisms as well as plasmid‐borne multidrug resistance traits. China now has reliable and robust methods for accurate microbial source tracking of Cronobacter for use both in the food production environment and epidemiological analysis.
Investigation on the correlation between changes in water and texture properties during the processing of surimi from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Qinxiu , Pan Yanmo , Wei Shuai , Xia Qiuyu , Liu Shucheng , Ji Hongwu , Deng Chujin , Hao Jiming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater and texture properties are important indicators for evaluating surimi and surimi seafood quality. The present study assessed the impact of surimi processing on the water and texture properties and analyzed their correlations. The results showed that the moisture content exhibited significant positive correlations with T22 and A22 (P < 0.05). However, water‐holding capacity (WHC) revealed significant negative correlation with T21 and A22 (P < 0.05). Moreover, correlations between water and texture properties were observed. Moisture content and A22 displayed significant negative correlation with hardness (P < 0.05). WHC exhibited significant positive correlations with cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness (P < 0.05), whereas T21 exhibited significant negative correlation with those properties (P < 0.05). Springiness is an important indicator for texture properties of surimi gel. T21 and WHC exhibited significant correlations with springiness (P < 0.05). We used two equations to assess the relationship between springiness and T21 (y = 9.64 × x2 − 33.79 × x + 29.62, R2 = 0.995, P < 0.05) and between springiness and WHC (y = 0.57 + 9.05/{1+e[−29.29 × (x − 83.90)]}0.01, R2 = 0.999, P < 0.05), respectively. Verification experiments proved that these two regression equations could be used to predict the change law among feature indicators during the processing of surimi seafood. The present study finds an easy‐to‐control method to monitor the quality of surimi production and processing for all the stages, and provides ideas for quality design of surimi products.Practical ApplicationThe quality of surimi seafood is affected by the process used for surimi production. Early detection of the material quality can efficiently prevent resource wastage. The feature indicators and their correlations help in easy‐to‐control of all surimi processing stages. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) is a fast, nondestructive method for monitoring food real‐time, but the instrument is expensive; whereas water‐holding capacity and texture profile analysis (TPA) are traditional methods but time‐consuming and material‐consuming. Surimi enterprises or researchers choose the right methods based on their needs.
Effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water pretreatment combined with biopreservatives on the shelf life of refrigerated obscure pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)
Authors: Feng Haojie , Lan Weiqing , Sun Xiaohong , Xie Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of ε‐polylysine hydrochloride (ε‐PLH) and rosemary extract (RE) combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the shelf life of obscure pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) during refrigerated storage at (4 ± 1 °C). The samples were first dipped in SAEW and then treated with sterilized water (CK) and other solutions (0.2% RE [RE], 0.3% ε‐PLH [PLH], and 0.2% RE + 0.3% ε‐PLH [RE+PLH], respectively). Afterwards, microbiological, physicochemical, water migration, and sensory attributes were periodically assessed. The results showed that compared with CK and RE groups, ε‐PLH treatment could effectively inhibit microbial growth and delay the increase in total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N). In addition, microbial indexes, TVB‐N, thiobarbituric acid, and metmyoglobin value in the samples treated with RE+ε‐PLH were lower than those with ε‐PLH or RE alone during storage. Meanwhile, samples treated with RE+ε‐PLH exhibited the best sensory properties and no effect on color parameters. Based on the results of microbiological analysis, the shelf life of obscure pufferfish treated with RE+ε‐PLH was 14 days during refrigerated storage at (4 ± 1 °C).Practical ApplicationIn our study, the combined application of ε‐PLH, RE, and SAEW was effective to extend the shelf life of obscure pufferfish. Based on the results of total viable counts, the RE+PLH group had a shelf life of approximately 14 days. Accordingly, bio‐preservatives combined with SAEW technology have a broad application potential in the storage of obscure pufferfish.