bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afterword: A Functional Analysis of the Crisis in American Society, 2020
Authors: Lidz Victor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2020, American society experienced a number of crises. They involved raced relations precipitated by the Black Lives Matter movement, the Covid 19 pandemic with its huge loss of life and rates of illness, the economic recession that accompanied the pandemic and efforts to control it, and the tensions of the national political campaign, followed by the refusal of President Trump to acknowledge his defeat. Each of these crises led to cleavages in the relationships of solidarity in the societal community subsystem of American society. The cleavages may prove to be the most enduring of the crises.
Redefining Ecological Engineering in the Context of Circular Economy and Sustainable Development
Authors: Schönborn Andreas , Junge Ranka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the past decades, the search for a more sustainable way of global development has increased in importance in international politics and economy. A driving force is the continuing degradation of the environment in many areas of the world, often caused or accelerated by population growth and climate change. Sustainable development is seen as key approach to mitigate these processes. It has been defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” But how can this ambitious goal be achieved in the light of numerous global challenges? Engineering is a very influential human practice and must be addressed in this context. Engineers are crucially involved in design and construction of our built environment and thus in shaping almost its entire development. However, when designing a solution for a given problem, effects caused outside of the system borders are often not considered. If this is combined with a narrowly confined linear problem-solving approach, it is inherently prone to create new environmental challenges. We postulate that the development of a new design paradigm for engineering must be part of the progress towards sustainable development. We think that this new paradigm needs to integrate a sound understanding of ecological principles, processes, and interdependencies as well as thorough system thinking. We call this ecology-inspired approach to engineering “ecological engineering” and redefine it as follows: Ecological Engineering integrates ecological principles, processes, and organisms with existing engineering practice to a holistic approach for problem-solving. In this paper, we explore the historical development of earlier definitions of Ecological Engineering in the light of their underlying value systems. Based on this analysis, we propose a new conceptual approach for Ecological Engineering and define seven principles that point the way towards a future label that can be conferred to Good Ecological Engineering Practice.
Long‐Term Observations of Upper‐Tropospheric Cloud Ice From the MLS
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Dong L. , Gong Jie , Wang Chenxi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUpper tropospheric cloud ice varies across different timescales and plays an important role in regulating Earth's climate, but knowledge of the abundances and the variability of cloud ice has been limited for decades. The Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument onboard the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) provides an unprecedented record of cloud ice measurements since its launch in April 2006. However, CALIPSO has left the A‐Train in September 2018 and entered the C‐Train orbit which follows a slightly different ground track with a different local crossing time. This orbit change challenges the continuation of a long‐term record of cloud ice since ice is subject to stronger diurnal cycle. Fortunately, the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), still as a member of the A‐Train, has a consistent local crossing time and has measured high quality radiance since launch in 2004, and will probably continue beyond 2024. We present the use of MLS 640‐GHz cloud‐induced radiance (Tcir) to build a robust upper tropospheric partial ice water path (pIWP) product due to its high dynamical range to different sizes of ice particles. The MLS rebuilt pIWP, which extends nearly two decades, captures the spatial and temporal variabilities of upper tropospheric cloud ice that CALIOP is capable of measuring. This provides valuable alternative for studying the upper tropospheric cloud ice and possibly provides a more consistent input to climate studies.
Interlayer exciton formation, relaxation, and transport in TMD van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Jiang Ying , Chen Shula , Zheng Weihao , Zheng Biyuan , Pan Anlian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) generally possess a type-II band alignment that facilitates the formation of interlayer excitons between constituent monolayers. Manipulation of the interlayer excitons in TMD vdW heterostructures holds great promise for the development of excitonic integrated circuits that serve as the counterpart of electronic integrated circuits, which allows the photons and excitons to transform into each other and thus bridges optical communication and signal processing at the integrated circuit. As a consequence, numerous studies have been carried out to obtain deep insight into the physical properties of interlayer excitons, including revealing their ultrafast formation, long population recombination lifetimes, and intriguing spin-valley dynamics. These outstanding properties ensure interlayer excitons with good transport characteristics, and may pave the way for their potential applications in efficient excitonic devices based on TMD vdW heterostructures. At present, a systematic and comprehensive overview of interlayer exciton formation, relaxation, transport, and potential applications is still lacking. In this review, we give a comprehensive description and discussion of these frontier topics for interlayer excitons in TMD vdW heterostructures to provide valuable guidance for researchers in this field.
Determining factors for the nano-biocompatibility of cobalt oxide nanoparticles: proximal discrepancy in intrinsic atomic interactions at differential vicinage
Authors: Verma Suresh K. , Panda Pritam Kumar , Kumari Puja , Patel Paritosh , Arunima Aryashree , Jha Ealisha , Husain Shaheen , Prakash Ravi , Hergenröder Roland , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Ahuja Rajeev , Varma Rajender S. , Suar Mrutyunjay 
Published: April 2021

In vivo and in vitro Intrinsic atomic interaction of Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4) describe the differential nano-biocompatibility.
Time-reversal-breaking Weyl nodal lines in two-dimensional A3C2 (A = Ti, Zr, and Hf) intrinsically ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperature
Authors: Zhou Feng , Liu Ying , Kuang Minquan , Wang Peng , Wang Jianhua , Yang Tie , Wang Xiaotian , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Gang 
Published: April 2021

2D A3C2 (A = Ti, Zr, and Hf) materials are reported as new ferromagnetic materials with intrinsic magnetism and good stability.
Radial electromagnetic force and vibration in synchronous reluctance motors with asymmetric rotor structures
Authors: Lin Yingqian , Sun Yi , Wang Yunchong , Cai Shun , Shen Jian‐Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAsymmetrical rotor topologies were previously proposed for synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) to reduce the torque ripple. However, potential negative effect of these topologies on mechanical vibration, which is often serious in SynRM, was hardly studied and such an effect is investigated here. An analytical model is established, through which the spatial orders of the radial electromagnetic force with various rotor topologies are derived, and the relationship of the peak frequencies and the corresponding spatial orders in the radial electromagnetic force is revealed. It is shown that some asymmetric rotor topologies will reduce the order of the lowest spatial harmonic for the radial electromagnetic force, and consequently increase the vibration. Finite element analysis and experiments demonstrate the same results. Finally, a specific rotor topology with asymmetry about both d‐axis and q‐axis is recommended, which can reduce the torque ripple, but would not deteriorate the radial electromagnetic force and vibration.
Acoustics of the banjo: measurements and sound synthesis
Authors: Woodhouse Jim , Politzer David , Mansour Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Measurements of vibrational response of an American 5-string banjo and of the sounds of played notes on the instrument are presented, and contrasted with corresponding results for a steel-string guitar. A synthesis model, fine-tuned using information from the measurements, has been used to investigate what acoustical features are necessary to produce recognisable banjo-like sound, and to explore the perceptual salience of a wide range of design modifications. Recognisable banjo sound seems to depend on the pattern of decay rates of “string modes”, the loudness magnitude and profile, and a transient contribution to each played note from the “body modes”. A formant-like feature, peaking around 500–800 Hz on the banjo tested, is found to play a key role. At higher frequencies the dynamic behaviour of the bridge produces additional formant-like features, reminiscent of the “bridge hill” of the violin, and these also produce clear perceptual effects.
Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China
Authors: Zhong Yalin , Zhou Ziyao , Deng Lei , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Zhijun , Ma Xiaoping , Zhang Kun , Wang Yingzhu , Fu Hualin , Peng Guangneng 
Published: April 2021

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, including humans and companion animals, raising concerns of zoonotic transmission. However, there is limited epidemiological information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China. A total of 880 fecal samples were collected from shelters in different cities of Sichuan province, including 724 samples from dogs, and 156 samples from cats. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was determined by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Overall, the prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18% (158/880), and the parasite was detected in 18.8% (136/724) and 14.1% (22/156) of the dogs and cats examined, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of five genotypes in dogs, including three known genotypes CD9 (n = 92), PtEb IX (n = 41), and Type IV (n = 1), and two novel genotypes SCD-1 (n = 1) and SCD-2 (n = 1). Similarly, four genotypes were identified in cats, including CD9 (n = 11), Type IV (n = 6), D (n = 4), and PtEb IX (n = 1). Genotypes D and Type IV have previously been identified in humans and are reported in sheltered dogs and cats in the present study, indicating that these animals could be as potential sources of human microsporidiosis infections.
Structural, elastic, electronic, and anisotropic properties of Pbca-SiC and Pbcn-SiC
Authors: Kong Linchun , Chai Changchun , Song Yanxing , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zheren , Yang Yintang 
Published: April 2021

The crystal structures, mechanical stability, anisotropy, electronic band structures, and effective mass of Pbca-SiC and Pbcn-SiC under pressure are calculated utilizing first-principles calculations. Pbca-SiC and Pbcn-SiC with pressures in the range of 0–50 GPa have thermodynamic and mechanical stability. Visible anisotropies are discovered by analyzing the two- and three-dimensional representations of Young’s modulus, which also change with increasing pressure. The band structure results forecast two wide bandgap semiconductors. Pbca-SiC is an indirect gap semiconductor with a value of 3.724 eV. It is worth noting that Pbcn-SiC is a direct gap semiconductor with a value of 3.639 eV, and the bandgaps of Pbcn-SiC decrease with increasing pressure, which makes the emission wavelength of Pbcn-SiC change from the near ultraviolet light zone to visible light zone. Based on the controllable direct bandgap, Pbcn-SiC has better application potential in light-emitting devices. Moreover, the carrier effective mass under ambient conditions is also calculated, and the minimum value of the electron effective mass is obtained in Pbcn-SiC with a value of 0.262m0, while the minimum value of the hole effective mass is found in Pbca-SiC with a value of −0.285m0.
Outdoor atmospheric optical two-way time transfer with serial time code
Authors: Ren Junwei , Hou Dong , Li Ze , Li Haopengyu , Liu Ke , Zhao Jianye 
Published: April 2021

We demonstrated an optical two-way time transfer scheme in the outdoor free-space link using a simple complex programmable logic device-based serial time coder/decoder. With this scheme, we have transferred a 100 Hz signal with time information over a 120-m outdoor atmospheric link. The time drift, time deviation, and frequency instability are all measured to estimate the quality of the transferred time signal during the transfer process. Within 11 h, the experimental result shows that the total root-mean-square time drift is about 81 ps, with the time deviation of 70 ps at 1-s averaging time and down to 10 ps above 100-s averaging time. The calculation shows that the fractional frequency instability of the transmission link is on the order of 1.4 × 10−10 at 1 s and of 3.0 × 10−15 at 10 000 s. The time deviation and frequency instability for the optical two-way time transfer are superior to those of the Global Positioning System (GPS)-based time transfer method, which implies the technique proposed in this paper is able to be directly used in high-precision time transfer over atmospheric links in a short distance.
Fabrication of a multi-stage plasma synthetic jet actuator using printed electronics
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Enokido Tomoki , Ohnishi Naofumi 
Published: April 2021

A new concept of electrode shape and arrangement is proposed to develop a multi-stage plasma synthetic jet actuator for the low-voltage operation. Exposed and covered electrodes, which have complicated shapes due to electrical wiring to the inner side of annular electrodes, are fabricated by an inkjet printing process using a silver nanoparticle-based ink. The plasma synthetic jet actuator developed in this study can be operated at 1000 V or lower. The discharge spreads uniformly from only the inner side of each annular electrode, inducing a unidirectional ionic wind toward the center of the coaxial electrode circle. Particle image velocimetry measurements reveal that the wall-normal jet induced by the multi-stage plasma synthetic jet actuator can be characterized as an axisymmetric free shear flow. The electrical and mechanical characteristics are similar to the linear-type dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuators. We also demonstrate that the printed electronics technique is suitable for the generation of arbitrary electrode shapes and arrangements and hence is a powerful tool for the realization of industrial applications of active airflow control devices using atmospheric pressure discharge.
Morphological integration of the human brain across adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Nadig Ajay , Seidlitz Jakob , McDermott Cassidy L. , Liu Siyuan , Bethlehem Richard , Moore Tyler M. , Mallard Travis T. , Clasen Liv S. , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Lalonde François , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Bullmore Edward T. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Attaining correct anatomical proportions is an important developmental goal. Although the patterning of individual deviations from such proportions has been well-studied in nonhuman animals and various human body measurements, this theoretical framework has not been applied to human brain morphology. We analyze individual deviations from proportionality norms (“anatomical imbalance”) in a collection of over 20,000 brain MRI scans to reveal that individuals grow closer to proportionality norms in development and further from proportionality norms in aging. This effect is greatest in brain networks that support higher-order cognition and least in brain networks that support sensorimotor functions. We demonstrate that deviation from proportionality norms—a measure of neurodevelopmental coordination—is associated with cognitive function and sensitive to variation in prenatal stress.
Effects of Zn content on damping behaviours of Al–Mg alloys
Authors: Zhao Lu , Yan Hongge , Chen Jihua , Xia Weijun , Su Bin 
Published: April 2021

Effects of Zn content (0–1.5, in wt.%) on damping capacities of the as-homogenised and the hot-rolled Al–9.2Mg alloys are investigated. The Zn addition plays a significant role in the strain-amplitude-dependent damping ( Qh−1). As for the as-homogenised state, Qh−1 decreases at first and then increases with the higher Zn content, and the Al–9.2Mg–1.5Zn alloy exhibits the highest Qh−1 (>0.016). As for the hot-rolled state, Qh−1 is just the reverse and the Al–9.2Mg–0.5Zn alloy exhibits the highest Qh−1 (>0.018). The damping behaviours are in accord with the G–L dislocation theory, which are determined by stacking fault energy (SFE), textures and precipitates.
“It's that Longitudinal Relationship that Pays off”: A Qualitative Study of Internal Medicine Residents’ Perspectives on Learning to Prescribe Buprenorphine
Authors: Logan Alexander A. , Jack Helen E. , Darnton James , Klein Jared W. 
Published: April 2021

Background The opioid use disorder (OUD) epidemic is a national public health crisis. Access to effective treatment with buprenorphine is limited, in part because few physicians are trained to prescribe it. Little is known about how post-graduate trainees learn to prescribe buprenorphine or how to optimally train them to prescribe. We therefore aimed to explore the experiences and attitudes of residents learning to prescribe buprenorphine within two primary care-based opioid treatment models. Methods We performed semi-structured interviews with second- and third-year internal medicine residents at an urban academic residency program. Participating residents practiced in clinics providing buprenorphine care using either a nurse care manager model or a provider-centric model. Subjects were sampled purposively to ensure that a diversity of perspectives were included. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached and were analyzed using principles of thematic analysis. The research team developed a consensus code list. Each transcript was then independently coded by two researchers. The team then summarized each code and generated a set of themes that captured the main ideas emerging from the data. Results We completed 14 interviews. Participants reported learning to prescribe buprenorphine through didactics, longitudinal outpatient prescribing, mentorship, and inpatient experiences. We characterized their attitudes toward patients with OUD, medication treatment of OUD, their own role in buprenorphine care, and future prescribing. Participants practicing in both clinical models viewed learning to prescribe buprenorphine as a normal part of their training and demonstrated positive attitudes toward buprenorphine prescribing. Conclusions Longitudinal outpatient experiences with buprenorphine prescribing can prepare residents to prescribe buprenorphine and stimulate interest in prescribing after residency. Both nurse care manager and provider-centric clinical models can provide meaningful experiences for medical residents. Educators should attend to the volume of patients and inductions managed by each trainee, patient-provider continuity, and supporting trainees in the clinical encounter.
Investigation on effects of new physics in

transitions *
Authors: Leng Xue , Mu Xiao-Long , Zou Zhi-Tian , Li Ying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Anomalies in decays induced by

(

) transitions may imply lepton flavor universality violations, which raises questions on such phenomena in the D decays induced by

transitions. Current measurements of the pure leptonic and semi-leptonic D decays agree with the standard model (SM) predictions, and such agreements can be used to constrain the new physics (NP) contributions. In this work, we extend SM by assuming general effective Hamiltonians describing the

transitions including the full set of the four-fermion operators. With the latest experimental data, we perform a least

fit of the Wilson coefficient corresponding to each operator. The results indicate that the Wilson coefficients of tensor and scalar operators in the muon sector are in the order of

while others are in the order of

. The lepton flavor universality could be violated by interactions with the scalar operators. We also determine that the pure leptonic decays are significantly sensitive to scalar operators. The effects of NP on the semi-leptonic decays with electron final state are negligible; however, for the decays with the muon final state, the effects of scalar and tensor operators will appear in the forward-backward asymmetries and the muon helicity asymmetries of

decays. The future measurements of these decays in the BESIII and Belle II experiments will facilitate the evaluation of NP effects.
BLight: efficient exact associative structure for k-mers
Authors: Marchet Camille , Kerbiriou Mael , Limasset Antoine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
A plethora of methods and applications share the fundamental need to associate information to words for high-throughput sequence analysis. Doing so for billions of k-mers is commonly a scalability problem, as exact associative indexes can be memory expensive. Recent works take advantage of overlaps between k-mers to leverage this challenge. Yet, existing data structures are either unable to associate information to k-mers or are not lightweight enough.

Results
We present BLight, a static and exact data structure able to associate unique identifiers to k-mers and determine their membership in a set without false positive that scales to huge k-mer sets with a low memory cost. This index combines an extremely compact representation along with very fast queries. Besides, its construction is efficient and needs no additional memory. Our implementation achieves to index the k-mers from the human genome using 8 GB of RAM (23 bits per k-mer) within 10 min and the k-mers from the large axolotl genome using 63 GB of memory (27 bits per k-mer) within 76 min. Furthermore, while being memory efficient, the index provides a very high throughput: 1.4 million queries per second on a single CPU or 16.1 million using 12 cores. Finally, we also present how BLight can practically represent metagenomic and transcriptomic sequencing data to highlight its wide applicative range.

Availability and implementation
We wrote the BLight index as an open source C++ library under the AGPL3 license available at github.com/Malfoy/BLight. It is designed as a user-friendly library and comes along with code usage samples.