bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing steroid profiling by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry improves newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in New Zealand
Authors: de Hora Mark R. , Heather Natasha L. , Patel Tejal , Bresnahan Lauren G. , Webster Dianne , Hofman Paul L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS) second‐tier test on newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) in New Zealand.DesignIn a prospective study, a LCMSMS method to measure 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) was adapted to measure four additional steroids. Steroid concentrations were collected on all second‐tier CAH screening tests while protocols remained unchanged. Steroid ratio parameters with recommended or published screening cuts‐offs were evaluated for their impact on newborn screening performance.MeasurementsPrecision, accuracy, linearity and recovery of the second‐tier LCMSMS method were evaluated. Second‐tier specimens were divided in 3 groups; newborn screening bloodspots from neonates with confirmed CAH (n = 7) and 2 groups specimens from neonates with a birthweight (BW) ≤1500 g (n = 795) and with a BW > 1500 g (n = 806) with a negative newborn screening test. Six protocols using four steroid ratio parameters were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate and positive predictive value of screening was calculated for each protocol.ResultsThe LCMSMS method was sufficiently accurate and precise to be used as a second‐tier test for CAH. Screening sensitivity remained at 100% for each protocol apart from (17OHP + androstenedione)/cortisol when the highest cut‐off of 3.75 was applied. The false positive rate was significantly improved when (17OHP + androstenedione)/cortisol and (17OHP + 21‐deoxycortisol)/cortisol were evaluated with cut‐offs of 2.5 and 1.5 respectively (P < .01) and both with a positive predictive value of 64%.ConclusionsA second‐tier LCMSMS newborn screening test for CAH offers significant improvements to screening specificity without any other changes to screening protocols.
Using expert knowledge to support Endangered Species Act decision‐making for data‐deficient species
Authors: Fitzgerald Daniel B. , Smith David R. , Culver David C. , Feller Daniel , Fong Daniel W. , Hajenga Jeff , Niemiller Matthew L. , Nolfi Daniel C. , Orndorff Wil D. , Douglas Barbara , Maloney Kelly O. , Young John A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany questions relevant to conservation decision‐making are characterized by extreme uncertainty due to lack of empirical data and complexity of the underlying ecologic processes, leading to a rapid increase in the use of structured protocols to elicit expert knowledge. Published ecologic applications often employ a modified Delphi method, where experts provide judgments anonymously and mathematical aggregation techniques are used to combine judgments. The Sheffield elicitation framework (SHELF) differs in its behavioral approach to synthesizing individual judgments into a fully specified probability distribution for an unknown quantity. We used the SHELF protocol remotely to assess extinction risk of three subterranean aquatic species that are being considered for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We provided experts an empirical threat assessment for each known locality over a video conference and recorded judgments on the probability of population persistence over four generations with online submission forms and R‐shiny apps available through the SHELF package. Despite large uncertainty for all populations, there were key differences between species’ risk of extirpation based on spatial variation in dominant threats, local land use and management practices, and species’ microhabitat. The resulting probability distributions provided decision makers with a full picture of uncertainty that was consistent with the probabilistic nature of risk assessments. Discussion among experts during SHELF's behavioral aggregation stage clearly documented dominant threats (e.g., development, timber harvest, animal agriculture, and cave visitation) and their interactions with local cave geology and species’ habitat. Our virtual implementation of the SHELF protocol demonstrated the flexibility of the approach for conservation applications operating on budgets and time lines that can limit in‐person meetings of geographically dispersed experts.
An atypical chondroid syringoma with malignant degeneration: Utility of comparative genomic hybridization in confirming the diagnosis
Authors: Zia Shereen , Shaw Brandon , Chapman Stephanie , Friedman Ben J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChondroid syringoma (CS) represents the cutaneous counterpart of mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) of salivary glands. Definitive diagnosis is made on histopathology and is based on the presence of characteristic epithelial and stromal components. We report a case of an atypical CS arising on the extremity of an elderly male patient. Histomorphologic features of necrosis and cellular atypia raised suspicion for malignant degeneration, an exceptionally rare circumstance in this context. To further support the diagnosis of malignancy, array comparative genomic hybridization was performed from both low and higher grade areas of the tumor. Both regions demonstrated multiple copy number gains and losses, with additional loss of q7p (TP53), loss of 19p, and loss of heterozygosity on16q demonstrated in the more atypical foci. To our knowledge, this is the first case description of malignant degeneration of a CS with correlative microarray analysis. The findings in this case may prove useful in confirming the diagnosis in future ambiguous cases.
Effects of hypertension on cancer survival: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Ghidini Antonio , Cabiddu Mary , Perego Gianluca , Lonati Veronica , Ghidini Michele , Oggionni Emanuela , Galli Emilio , Moleri Giovanna , Barni Sandro , Bossi Antonio Carlo , Colombelli Paolo Luigi , Dognini Giuseppina , Sganzerla Paolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is usually associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Uncertainty exists about the possible role of hypertension as a poor prognostic factor for cancer‐specific mortality (CSM). To assess the association between pre‐existing hypertension and the risk of mortality and relapse after a diagnosis of cancer, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from inception until May 2020, without language restrictions, for observational studies reporting the prognosis of patients with hypertension and cancer. The primary outcome of the study refers to CSM in hypertensive vs nonhypertensive patients, and secondary endpoints were overall mortality (OM) and progression‐ or relapse‐free survival. The effect size was reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsMortality and relapse associated with hypertension in patients with various cancers were evaluated among 1 603 437 participants (n = 66 studies). Overall, diagnosis of cancer and hypertension was associated with an increased independent risk of OM (HR = 1.2 [95% CI, 1.13‐1.27], P < .01) and CSM (HR = 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04‐1.21], P < .01) but not of relapse (HR = 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98‐1.19], P = .14).ConclusionsAmong cancer patients, those with pre‐existing hypertension have a poorer outcome, probably due to multifactorial reasons. Adequate control of lifestyle, more intensive follow‐ups, monitoring for hypertension‐ and anticancer‐related cardiovascular complications, and establishing multidisciplinary cardio‐oncology units can be useful measures for reducing mortality and improving care in this setting.
Impact of biochar on nutrient supply, crop yield and microbial respiration on sandy soils of northern Germany
Authors: Knoblauch Christian , Priyadarshani S.H. Renuka , Haefele Stephan M. , Schröder Nicola , Pfeiffer Eva‐Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe application of biochar to agricultural soils to increase nutrient availability, crop production and carbon sequestration has gained increasing interest but data from field experiments on temperate, marginal soils are still under‐represented. In the current study, biochar, produced from organic residues (digestates) from a biogas plant, was applied with and without digestates at low (3.4 t ha−1) and intermediate (17.1 t ha−1) rates to two acidic and sandy soils in northern Germany that are used for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soil nutrient availability, crop yields, microbial biomass and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from heterotrophic respiration were measured over two consecutive years. The effects of biochar application depended on the intrinsic properties of the two tested soils and the biochar application rates. Although the soils at the fallow site, with initially low nutrient concentrations, showed a significant increase in pH, soil nutrients and crop yield after low biochar application rates, a similar response was found at the cornfield site only after application of substantially larger amounts of biochar. The effect of a single dose of biochar at the beginning of the experiment diminished over time but was still detectable after 2 years. Whereas plant available nutrient concentrations increased after biochar application, the availability of potentially phytotoxic trace elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr) decreased significantly, and although slight increases in microbial biomass carbon and heterotrophic CO2 fluxes were observed after biochar application, they were mostly not significant. The results indicate that the application of relatively small amounts of biochar could have positive effects on plant available nutrients and crop yields of marginal arable soils and may decrease the need for mineral fertilizers while simultaneously increasing the sequestration of soil organic carbon.Highlights
A low rate of biochar increased plant available nutrients and crop yield on marginal soils.
Biochar application reduced the availability of potentially harmful trace elements.
Heterotrophic respiration showed no clear response to biochar application.
Biochar application may reduce fertilizer need and increase carbon sequestration on marginal soils.
Poor performance due to epiglottic retroversion in a Standardbred trotter
Authors: Burns J. J. , MacMillan K. M. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA 3‐year‐old Standardbred trotting gelding presented to the Atlantic Veterinary College for diagnostic work‐up of poor performance and abnormal respiratory noise during exercise. Physical examination was unremarkable, and no significant findings were identified on standing endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract. Treadmill endoscopy was utilised for dynamic evaluation of the upper respiratory tract; a diagnosis of epiglottic retroversion was confirmed. The owner requested euthanasia of the gelding, and a post‐mortem evaluation was completed. Despite thorough gross and histological examination of the head and neck on post‐mortem examination, no evidence was identified to support the postulated aetiologies for epiglottic retroversion currently found in the literature. This case represents the first reported findings from a post‐mortem examination of a horse with epiglottic retroversion.
Angular orientations derived from a portable media device to assess postural stability during quiet standing in the horse
Authors: Moorman V. J. , King M. R. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundBody‐mounted sensors have been increasingly popular to measure horse movement with the majority of investigations examining linear movement. Many of these devices can also determine angular orientations, and measuring angular movements may increase the ability to differentiate treatment conditions.ObjectiveTo determine if angular orientations utilising the sensors within a portable media device (PMD) could be used to differentiate stance conditions in standing horses.Study designCross‐over.MethodsA PMD was mounted over the withers (thoracic vertebra 8‐10) using a surcingle. Seven healthy horses were examined during quiet standing, and five trials were collected in a square stance, base‐narrow stance, and at 5 and 10 min following sedation with xylazine hydrochloride (IV). Angular orientations around the mediolateral (ML), craniocaudal (CC), and vertical axes, and range of motion and standard deviations (SD) were extracted. Mixed‐model ANOVAs, with stance condition as a fixed effect and horse as a random effect, were performed with significance at P<0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in any angular orientation variable when comparing the base‐narrow to square stance condition. At 5 minutes following sedation with xylazine hydrochloride, there were significant differences in the range of motion and SDs for all three angular orientations (pitch, roll and yaw) compared to square stance (P<0.005). At 10 minutes following sedation with xylazine hydrochloride, there were significant differences in the range of motion and SDs, respectively, for rotation around the ML (pitch) (0.91°, 0.21°) and CC (roll) (1.07°, 0.25°) axes compared to square stance (pitch: 0.71°, 0.16°; roll: 0.73°, 0.18°) (P<0.036).Main limitationsNo gold standard was utilised to determine the accuracy of the angular orientations.ConclusionsUse of angular orientations derived from sensors within the PMD may be another avenue for evaluating horses’ postural sway during stance.
Potassium permanganate assisted organosolv pretreatment enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Li Xuezhi , Yu Shaoyang , Qin Yuqi , Qu Yinbo , Zhao Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh efficiency enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose to produce fermentable sugar is important for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals. In this study, a simple pretreatment with potassium permanganate is used to enhance the efficiency of organosolv pretreatment of corn stover. It is testified that, compared to the single organosolv pretreatment, the KMnO4 assisted organosolv pretreatment significantly increase yields of carbohydrates through decreasing degradation of hemicellulose, decrease formation of inhibitors and enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover pretreated at a low pretreatment temperature. Process conditions of the KMnO4 assisted organosolv pretreatment are optimized and the conversion of glucan and xylan in pretreated corn stover at 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis reach to 89.45% and 85.30% respectively when corn stover is firstly treated with 1% (w/w) KMnO4 at 40°C for 60 min prior to ethanol‐water pretreatment with 50% ethanol concentration at 185°C for 90 min. The differences in morphological feature, fiber surface chemical compositions, crystallinity degree and thermostability of pretreated corn stover by ethanol‐water with and without KMnO4 are characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry to explore the underlying reasons of KMnO4 strengthening ethanol‐water pretreatment process.
What does safety in mental healthcare transitions mean for service users and other stakeholder groups: An open‐ended questionnaire study
Authors: Tyler Natasha , Wright Nicola , Panagioti Maria , Grundy Andrew , Waring Justin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, safety mental health research has tended to focus on risks of homicide, suicide and deaths. Although wider safety issues are now recognized in regards to mental health services, the safety of mental health transitions, a key research and policy priority according to World Health Organisation, has not been explored.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of safety in mental health transitions (hospital to community) amongst five stakeholder groups.Design and settingAn online, international cross‐sectional, open‐ended questionnaire.ParticipantsThere were five stakeholder participant groups: service users; families/carers; mental health‐care professionals; researchers; and end users of research.ResultsNinety‐three participants from 12 different countries responded. Three overarching themes emerged: ‘individual/clinical’, ‘systems/services’ and ‘human, behavioural and social’ elements of safe mental health transitions. Whilst there was a great focus on clinical elements from researchers and healthcare professionals, service users and carers considered safety in terms of human, behavioural and social elements of transitional safety (ie loneliness, emotional readiness for discharge) and systems/services (ie inter‐professional communication).DiscussionSafety in mental health‐care transitions is perceived differently by service users and families compared to healthcare professionals and researchers. Traditional safety indicators for care transitions such as suicide, self‐harm and risk of adverse drug events are raised as important. However, service users and families in particular have a much wider perception of transitions safety.ConclusionFuture quality and safety research and policy should consider including a service user voice and consider integration of psychosocial elements in discharge interventions.
Integration policy and refugees’ economic performance: Evidence from Sweden’s 2010 reform of the introduction programme
Authors: Qi Haodong , Irastorza Nahikari , Emilsson Henrik , Bevelander Pieter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether integration policy improves refugees’ economic performance, specifically examining the effects on refugees’ income of Sweden's 2010 reform of the introduction programme (or IP). We also evaluate how the reform effects vary depending on refugees’ gender and educational attainment. Our key finding shows a strong positive effect of the reform on refugees’ income, immediately after the completion of the IP. More importantly, this positive effect intensifies over time, with no signs of diminishing, which implies a longer‐term effect of the reform. Furthermore, the effects of the reform do not significantly vary between men and women or between the highly educated and the less‐educated, suggesting that the new Swedish IP benefits refugees to the same extent, regardless of their gender and educational attainment.
Placing the future: Onward migration, education and citizenship among Portuguese‐Bangladeshi in London
Authors: Mapril José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on a longitudinal ethnography with Bangladeshis in Lisbon and in London, this article unravels the ways my interlocutors perceive their onward migration projects to the UK. Their decision to migrate once again was intimately connected with the education of their children. This would not only make them fluent in English language, a global language of power and prestige according to many but would give them access to better opportunities in the labour market. Simultaneously, these new mobilities had a tremendous emotional/affective price and were seen by the parents as a sacrifice and a new beginning. This article argues that these new beginnings are not about the accumulation of diverse forms of capital per se but rather the creation of largerhorizon of expectationsbased on the redistribution logic ofrelatedness, kinship and domestic units; in sum, onward migration was a future‐making strategy in contexts of economic uncertainty.
Meta‐analysis of efficacy and safety of inhaled ciprofloxacin in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Wang Sumei , Zhang Aiping , Yao Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo antibiotic therapies have been approved for reducing exacerbations and preventing disease progression in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients. Several recent clinical studies have investigated the feasibility of inhaled ciprofloxacin in NCFB, whereas the results were controversial.AimNo antibiotic therapies have been approved for reducing exacerbations and preventing disease progression in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients. Several recent clinical studies have investigated the feasibility of inhaled ciprofloxacin in NCFB, whereas the results were controversial. We conducted the present meta‐analysis to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of inhalation of ciprofloxacin in NCFB.MethodsElectrical databases Medline and Cochrane library were retrieved from inception through December 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing inhaled ciprofloxacin and placebo were selected. The primary outcomes were time to first exacerbation, frequency of exacerbations and the change in sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa density.ResultsA total of five articles involving six RCT was finally included in the analysis. The time to first exacerbation was significantly prolonged by inhaled ciprofloxacin (hazard ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.82), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 23%). Inhalation of ciprofloxacin significantly reduced frequency of exacerbations (risk ratio: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61–0.79) and decreased density of sputum P. aeruginosa (weighted mean difference: −2.11 log10CFU/g, 95% CI: −2.96 to −1.27 log10CFU/g) compared with placebo. No significant between‐group differences in mortality, adverse events and discontinuation rate were observed. Further indirect treatment comparison showed no differences between the two types of inhaled ciprofloxacin in all outcomes of interest.ConclusionsCiprofloxacin inhalation treatment significantly prolonged the time to first exacerbation, reduced the frequency of exacerbations and decreased sputum P. aeruginosa density and was well tolerated. Ciprofloxacin inhalation is promising in the treatment of NCFB.
Attachment and joint attention in infants: The role of expectation
Authors: Mohammadzade Naghashan Neda , Mazaheri M.Ali , Gustafsson Erik , Sadeghi‐Firoozabadi Vahid , Zabihzadeh Abbas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious research highlighted the correlation between parent–infant's attachment quality and joint attention skills. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is by mediating the expectation component in Internal Working Models that the quality of attachment style can affect joint attention. At first, 12‐ to 20‐month‐old infants were classified into secure and insecure groups using the Strange Situation Procedure. On a following day, using a violation‐of‐expectation paradigm, infants were habituated to two joint attention videos. Finally, the mean looking time duration of secure and insecure infants were compared with each other between two “divergent attention” and “joint attention” videos. Infants looked longer for divergent attention videos suggesting they did have expectation regarding the appropriate response in triadic interactions. In line with our main hypothesis, secure infants, but not insecure ones, looked longer in the divergent attention situation when an attachment‐related context was present, revealing the possible mediating role of “expectations” in the correlation between attachment and joint attention.