bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nomogram for Predicting Multiple Metastases in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Large Population-Based Study
Authors: Ge Yuhang , Xiang Renshen , Ren Jun , Song Wei , Lu Wei , Fu Tao 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe present study aims to discover the risk factors of multiple metastases and develop a functional nomogram to forecast multiple metastases in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.MethodsmCRC cases were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2016. Survival times between multiple metastases and single metastasis were compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Risk factors for multiple metastases were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was developed to forecast the probability of multiple metastases in mCRC patients. We assessed the nomogram performance in terms of discrimination and calibration, including concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Bootstrap resampling was used as an internal verification method, and at the same time we select external data from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University as independent validation sets.ResultsA total of 5,302 cases were included in this study as training group, while 120 cases were as validation group. The patients with single metastasis and multiple metastases were 3,531 and 1,771, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with multiple metastases or single metastasis were 19 vs. 31 months, and 20 vs. 33 months, respectively. Based on the univariate and multivariate analyses, clinicopathological characteristics were associated with number of metastasis and were used to establish nomograms to predict the risk of multiple metastases. The C-indexes and AUC for the forecast of multiple metastases were 0.715 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.707–0.723), which showed the nomogram had good discrimination and calibration curves of the nomogram showed no significant bias from the reference line, indicating a good degree of calibration. In the validation group, the AUC was 0.734 (95% CI, 0.653–0.834), and calibration curve also showed no significant bias, indicating the favorable effects of our nomogram.ConclusionsWe developed a new nomogram to predict the risk of multiple metastases. The nomogram shows the good prediction effect and can provide assistance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Case Report: High-Level MET Amplification as a Resistance Mechanism of ROS1-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in ROS1-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Jiangping , Zhou Ping , Yu Min , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAlthough C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) targeted therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), patients inevitably develop resistance to ROS1-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Commonly acquired resistance mechanisms include a second mutation of the ROS1 kinase domain and activation of bypass signaling pathways. However, MMNG HOS Transforming gene (MET) amplification has not been reported as a novel mechanism of ROS1-TKIs resistance.Case PresentationWe report a case of a 62-year-old man diagnosed with ROS1-rearranged metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, who received first-line treatment with crizotinib for 19 months. During the course of disease, the primary lung tumor was under control while the brain metastasis progressed despite the treatment with lorlatinib. The biopsy and genetic tests of the metastatic brain tumor showed a high level of MET amplification (32 copies). However, fluorescence in situ hybridization of the primary cancer showed no MET amplification, suggesting that MET amplification may be associated with an acquired resistance to ROS1-TKIs.SummaryThis case suggested that MET amplification could be explored as a potential mechanism for developing ROS1-TKIs resistance. Combination treatment with highly potent and selective MET-TKIs warrants further investigations.
Sex-Specific Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obese Among Schoolchildren From 2009 to 2018: An Age Period Cohort Analysis
Authors: Chang Yung-Chieh , Hsieh Wan-Hua , Huang Sen-Fang , Hsiao Hsinyi , Wang Ying-Wei , Chu Chia-Hsiang , Wen Shu-Hui 
Published: May 2021

Background: Our study examined the age, period, and cohort effects on overweight and obesity in children using a 10-year dataset collected from schoolchildren in Hualien, Taiwan.Methods: We used data from the annual health checkup of a total of 94,661 schoolchildren in primary schools and junior high schools in Hualien from 2009 to 2018. Children were defined as overweight or obese by the gender- and age-specific norm of the body mass index. We conducted the age-period-cohort (APC) analysis in boys and girls separately.Results: From 2009 to 2018, the rates of children overweight and obese were 12.78 and 14.23%, respectively. Boys had higher rates of overweight and obesity than girls (29.73 vs. 24.03%, P &lt; 0.001). Based on APC analysis results, positive age effect existed regardless of gender. The risk of overweight or obesity of children aged 9 or 12 years was significantly higher compared to the average rate. As for period effect, a fluctuating downward trend in overweight was evident in 2016, and a similar trend in obesity was seen in 2017 across gender groups. The birth cohort of 2007 to 2009 had a significant higher proportion of overweight and obese than other birth cohorts. This indicated that the proportion of children overweight and obese in the young generation is higher than that in the old generation.Conclusion: An increased risk of children overweight or obese was associated with age and later birth cohort. For the period effect, the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity fluctuated downward slowly from 2016 to 2017.
The Leukodystrophy Spectrum in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiological, Clinical, Radiological, and Genetic Data
Authors: Alfadhel Majid , Almuqbil Mohammed , Al Mutairi Fuad , Umair Muhammad , Almannai Mohammed , Alghamdi Malak , Althiyab Hamad , Albarakati Rayyan , Bashiri Fahad A. , Alshuaibi Walaa , Ba-Armah Duaa , Saleh Mohammed A. , Al-Asmari Ali , Faqeih Eissa , Altuwaijri Waleed , Al-Rumayyan Ahmed , Balwi Mohammed Ali , Ababneh Faroug , Alswaid Abdulrahman Faiz , Eyaid Wafaa M. , Almontashiri Naif A. M. , Alhashem Amal , Hundallah Khalid , Bertoli-Avella Aida , Bauer Peter , Beetz Christian , Alrifai Muhammad Talal , Alfares Ahmed , Tabarki Brahim 
Published: May 2021

Background: Leukodystrophies (LDs) are inherited heterogeneous conditions that affect the central nervous system with or without peripheral nerve involvement. They are individually rare, but collectively, they are common. Thirty disorders were included by the Global Leukodystrophy Initiative Consortium (GLIA) as LDs.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with different types of LD from four large tertiary referral centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Only those 30 disorders defined by GLIA as LDs were included.Results: In total, 83 children from 61 families were identified and recruited for this study. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and a consanguinity rate of 58.5% was observed. An estimated prevalence of 1:48,780 or 2.05/100,000 was observed based on the clinical cohort, whereas a minimum of 1:32,857 or 3.04/100,000 was observed based on the local genetic database. The central region of the country exhibited the highest prevalence of LDs (48.5%). The most common LD was metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and it accounted for 25.3%. The most common disorder based on carrier frequency was AGS. Novel variants were discovered in 51% of the cases, but 49% possessed previously reported variants. Missense variants were high in number and accounted for 73% of all cases. Compared with other disorders, MLD due to saposin b deficiency was more common than expected, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease was more prevalent than Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy was less common than expected. The mortality rate among our patients with LD was 24%.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of patients with LD from Saudi Arabia. We present epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and genetic data. Furthermore, we report 18 variants that have not been reported previously. These findings are of great clinical and molecular utility for diagnosing and managing patients with LD.
Risk Factors for Mortality in Neonatal Gastric Perforation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Yao , Lu Qi , Peng Nan , Wang Li , Song Yan , Zhong Qin , Yuan Peng 
Published: May 2021

Background: Neonatal gastric perforation is a rare but life-threatening issue. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with neonatal gastric perforation and identify predictive factors for poor prognosis.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with neonatal gastric perforation treated in a tertiary pediatric public hospital between April 2009 and October 2020. The enrolled patients were divided into survival and non-survival groups. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging features, and outcomes were collected from the electronic medical record. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain the independent factors associated with death risk. Additionally, we separated this population into two groups (pre-term and term groups) and explored the mortality predictors of these two groups, respectively.Results: A total of 101 patients with neonatal gastric perforation were included in this study. The overall survival rate was 70.3%. Seventy-one (70.3%) were pre-term neonates, and sixty-two (61.4%) were low-birth-weight neonates. The median age of onset was 3 days (range: 1–11 days). Abdominal distension [98 (97.0%) patients] was the most common symptom, followed by lethargy [78 (77.2%) patients], shortness of breath [60 (59.4%) patients] and vomiting [34 (33.7%) patients]. Three independent mortality risk factors were identified: shock (OR, 3.749; 95% CI, 1.247–11.269; p = 0.019), serum lactic acid &gt; 2.5 mmol/L (5.346; 1.727–16.547; p = 0.004) and platelet count &lt;150 × 109/L (3.510; 1.115–11.053; p = 0.032). There was a borderline significant association between sclerema neonatorum and total mortality (4.827; 0.889–26.220; p = 0.068). In pre-term infants, serum lactic acid &gt; 2.5 mmol/L and platelet count &lt;150 × 109/L remained independent risk factors for death. In term infants, the incidence of shock, coagulopathy, pH &lt; 7.3, serum lactic acid &gt; 2.5 mmol/L, and hyponatremia were statistically different between non-survival and survival groups.Conclusion: Shock, hyperlactatemia, and thrombocytopenia are independently associated with an increased risk of death in patients with neonatal gastric perforation. Identification of modifiable risk factors during the critical periods of life will contribute to the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies of neonatal gastric perforation.
Genotypes and Phenotypes of MEF2C Haploinsufficiency Syndrome: New Cases and Novel Point Mutations
Authors: Wan Lin , Liu Xinting , Hu Linyan , Chen Huimin , Sun Yulin , Li Zhichao , Wang Zhenfang , Lin Zhi , Zou Liping , Yang Guang 
Published: May 2021

Aim: MEF2C haploinsufficiency syndrome (MCHS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. We describe the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of seven patients with MCHS to enhance the understanding of clinical manifestations and genetic alterations associated with MCHS.Method: Seven patients (6 females and 1 male, aged between 2 years 5 months and 6 years) who had MEF2C mutations, and their parents underwent trio-based whole-exome sequencing; subsequently, their clinical features were assessed. A literature review of patients with MCHS was performed by searching the PubMed and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Results: Seven mutations were identified, of which six were unreported in the past; of the reported cases, five patients had de novo mutations but two had an undefined inheritance pattern. All patients presented delays in developmental milestones, severe intellectual disabilities and lack of speech. Six patients exhibited infantile hypotonia, five patients experienced stereotypic movements and were unable to walk, four patients exhibited poor eye contact indicative of autism and two showed poor performance. While six patients experienced seizure, five among them became seizure free after receiving anti-seizure medicine. Three patients showed a regression in their development, whereas the mothers of two patients exhibited mosaicism but were healthy without any abovementioned symptoms.Interpretation: Regression was not a common phenomenon but occurred in MCHS. The prognosis of MCHS patients with epilepsy was good, but most patients can achieve a seizure-free status. Healthy people may have low-level mosaicism and carry a pathogenic MEF2C mutation.
Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Affects the Pharmacokinetics of Koumine and its Anti-Allodynic Action in a Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Ye Li-Xiang , Huang Hui-Hui , Zhang Shui-Hua , Lu Jing-Shan , Cao Da-Xuan , Wu Dan-Dan , Chi Pei-Wang , Hong Long-Hui , Wu Min-Xia , Xu Ying , Yu Chang-Xi 
Published: May 2021

Koumine (KM), the most abundant alkaloid in Gelsemium elegans, has anti-neuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities; thus, it has the potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum analgesic drug. However, factors determining the relationship between analgesic efficacy and the corresponding plasma KM concentration are largely unclear. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of KM and their optimization in the context of neuropathic pain have not been reported. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of KM after oral administration in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) using a population approach. A first-order absorption and elimination pharmacokinetics model best described the plasma KM concentration. This pharmacokinetic model was then linked to a linear pharmacodynamic model with an effect compartment based on the measurement of the mechanical withdrawal threshold. KM was rapidly absorbed (time to maximum plasma concentration: 0.14–0.36 h) with similar values in both DNP and naïve rats, suggesting that DNP did not influence the KM absorption rate. However, the area under the curve (AUC0–∞) of KM in DNP rats was over 3-fold higher than that in naïve rats. The systemic clearance rate and volume of KM distribution were significantly lower in DNP rats than in naïve rats. Blood glucose value prior to KM treatment was a significant covariate for the systemic clearance rate of KM and baseline value of the threshold. Our results suggest that streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia is an independent factor for decreased KM elimination and its anti-allodynic effects in a DNP rat model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the role of DNP in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of KM in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Generation Gaps in Digital Health Literacy and Their Impact on Health Information Seeking Behavior and Health Empowerment in Hungary
Authors: Papp-Zipernovszky Orsolya , Horváth Mária Dóra , Schulz Peter J. , Csabai Márta 
Published: May 2021

Background:Today the internet is a major source of health information, and younger generations have more confidence in their digital information seeking skills and awareness of online resources than older generations. Older generations, however, are more in demand of health services. The aim of our study was to explore these generational differences as related to self-perceived eHealth literacy and health care system utilization.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study with 522 subjects was done in Hungary. Every subject belonged to one of four generations (Baby boomers, X, Y, and Z). The Web-based survey was designed and tested in English-speaking countries and translated into Hungarian for the present study. Variables include Internet health information seeking, eHealth literacy (measured by eHeals score), the self-perceived gain in empowerment by that information, and the number of health care appointments. One-way ANOVA was used for comparing the scores of the generations, and correlational and linear regression analysis was employed within the generations for further data analysis.Results:We found significant differences among the generations in eHealth literacy as well as in the self-perceived gain in empowerment: while Boomers were the generation with the lowest eHeals scores, they showed the highest empowerment. Internet health information seeking behavior showed no differences. While subjects who use the Internet more frequently to search for health information have worse self-rated health status, the ones with higher eHeals scores report better subjective health status. We also identified the associations of the above variables within the older generations (Boomers and X) with the frequency of using health-care services: within the generation of Boomers the number of health care appointments was only associated with Internet health information seeking, while in Generation X with eHeals.Conclusions:Baby boomers seek Internet health information as often as the younger generations, which provides a solid motivation for developing their eHealth literacy skills. We find it crucial to plan the Hungarian health promotion programmes utilizing this high frequency of Internet health information seeking, since the eHealth literacy skills of older generations have an effect on their subjective health status, and they are the most capable of applying information in making decisions.
Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females
Authors: Bamber Zoe A. , Sun Wei , Menon Rhea S. , Wheeler Patrick C. , Swain Ian D. , Fong Daniel T. P. 
Published: May 2021

Balance improvement could contribute to ankle stability for the prevention of ankle sprains. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an effective way of augmenting muscle activity and improving balance. This study investigated the effect of FES of peroneal muscles on single-and double-leg balance. Fifteen healthy females (

age
=
23.1
±
1.6

years

,

height
=
1.63
±
0.07

m

, and

weight
=
63.7
±
9.9

kg

) performed single- and double-leg standing balance tests with eyes open and closed before and after 15-minute FES intervention during treadmill running at a comfortable, self-selected pace. FES of peroneal muscles was provided bilaterally, using an Odstock Dropped Foot Stimulator. The total excursion of the centre of pressure (COP) was calculated to assess the standing balance control ability. The total excursion of COP in single- and double-leg stance with eyes open reduced significantly after FES intervention by 14.7% (

p
<
0.001

) and 5.9% (

p
=
0.031

), respectively. The eyes-closed condition exhibited a 12.7% (

p
=
0.002

) reduction in single-leg stance but did not significantly change in double-leg stance (

p
>
0.05

). Limb preference did not account for balance postintervention. No significant difference in total excursion of COP was found between preferred and less preferred limbs with both visual conditions (

p
>
0.05

). FES of peroneal muscles improved standing balance control with eyes open in double-leg and single-leg stance and with eyes closed in double-leg stance. The improvements in balance control with FES treatment did not vary concerning limb preference.
Measurement Invariance of the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale short form
Authors: Flores-Perez Virginia , Camacho-Ruiz Esteban Jaime , Escoto-Ponce de León María del Consuelo , Cervantes-Luna Brenda Sarahi , Ibarra-Espinosa Manuel Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

The objective was to assess the incremental validity, internal consistency and temporal stability of the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale short version (NSSS-S) in Spanish-speaking Latino adults. The sample included 401 university students (232 women and 169 men), sexually active, 18 to 38 years old (M = 20.83; SD = 2.66). A subsample of 76 participants answered the scale four weeks after the first application. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) identified a two-factor structure. The invariance analysis with multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) confirmed the invariance by sex of the scale. The internal consistencyreliability of the scale and its subscales was excellent for both men and women (ω = .89 - .95) and the temporal stability, four weeks after the first application, was adequate (r = .74; ICC = .85). Finally, men scored higher in overall sexual satisfaction and the Ego-Centered subscale, but not in the Partner -and Sexual Activity-Centered subscale, as compared to women. To conclude, the NSSS-S is a psychometrically appropriate scale to measure sexual satisfaction in Spanish-speaking Latino adults.
High-intensity aerial ultrasonic source with sharp directivity containing a compact circular vibrating plate
Authors: Monzen Hiroki , Masuda Naoki , Asami Takuya , Miura Hikaru 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An intense aerial ultrasonic source containing a compact circular vibrating plate with a uniform rod-type partially grooved source that can produce large displacement in part of the piston vibration and emit intense sound waves in a direction perpendicular to the vibration surface is investigated. Two different compact circular vibrating plates of intense aerial ultrasonic sources (square grooves and round grooves) are designed by considering the stress generated in ultrasonic sources and the sound pressure of the radiated sound waves. The vibration displacement distribution, the directivity of the emitted sound waves, and the input/output characteristics in designed ultrasonic sources are discussed. It was found that the sound waves can be emitted farther away perpendicular to the vibration surface at a very high sound pressure compared with traditional sources.
Análise bibliométrica da produção científica sobre segurança de veículos autônomos
Authors: De Abreu Victor Hugo Souza , De Assis Tássia Faria , Santos Andrea Souza 
Published: May 2021

Os veículos autônomos (VAs), como parte importante do sistema inteligente de transporte, têm atraído a atenção de pesquisadores durante as últimas décadas. Um dos assuntos mais recorrentes sobre VAs busca verificar aspectos relacionados à segurança da tecnologia, para que sua implantação no mercado seja viável e aplicada em larga escala. Este artigo apresenta uma análise bibliométrica das pesquisas sobre o assunto, realizada na base de dados Web of Science, para identificar suas principais características, evolução e potenciais tendências. Os estudos focados na segurança sobre os VAs continuam em expansão e são publicados em periódicos renomados, principalmente nas áreas de tecnologia da ciência do transporte e engenharia elétrica e eletrônica, e podem ser divididos entre aqueles que buscam melhorar o desempenho dos sistemas responsáveis por responder adequadamente a um possível acidente de tráfego ou a ataque cibernético. Quanto aos acidentes, os artigos mais relevantes sobre o assunto indicam que é importante que o VA seja capaz de conduzir com habilidade e segurança em ambientes incertos, minimizando riscos potenciais. Quanto aos possíveis ataques cibernéticos, é importante que o VA tenha redundância suficiente em qualquer fonte de entrada, para permitir proteção eficiente contra possíveis ataques. Essas ações servem para aumentar a aceitação dos potenciais usuários e para tornar a tecnologia viável para comercialização.