bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Phenomena of Multi‐Way Sodium Storage in Selenide Electrode
Authors: Plewa Anna , Kulka Andrzej , Hanc Emil , Sun Jianguo , Nowak Mikołaj , Redel Katarzyna , Lu Li , Molenda Janina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal chalcogenides have gained special attention as potential anodes for Na‐ion batteries due to their high capacities to originate from complex charge storage mechanisms. Although the sodium storage process in chalcogenides is still unclear, it is common to assume that it can occur via one of the following routes: intercalation, conversion, or alloying. In this paper, an anomalous multi‐way mechanism in MoSe2 electrode, including all three of the above scenarios, is reported. The intercyclic product of the discharge/charge process is a mixture of Se, Mo, and 1T‐structured NaxMoSe2. An unexpected phenomena of Se precipitation leads to the additional alloying reaction, which is exclusive among all chalcogenides, and runs together with conversion and intercalation reactions in the same cycle. This new concept of sodium storage process includes two models, previously seemed to be mutually exclusive. Despite of complex electrode mechanisms, MoSe2 retains high capacity and coulombic efficiency even after 50 cycles.
Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration
Authors: John Johnson V. , McCarthy Alec , Wang Hongjun , Luo Zeyu , Li Hongbin , Wang Zixuan , Cheng Feng , Zhang Yu Shrike , Xie Jingwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new approach is described for fabricating 3D poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (1:1) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels by freeze‐casting with 3D‐printed sacrificial templates. Single layer or multiple layers of macrochannels are formed through an inverse replica of 3D‐printed templates. Aligned microchannels formed by partially anisotropic freezing act as interconnected pores between templated macrochannels. The resulting macro‐/microchannels within nanofiber aerogels significantly increase preosteoblast infiltration in vitro. The conjugation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimicking QK peptide to PCL/gelatin/gelatin methacryloyl (1:0.5:0.5) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels promotes the formation of a microvascular network of seeded human microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels show significantly enhanced cellular infiltration rates and host tissue integration compared to aerogels without macrochannels following subcutaneous implantation in rats. Taken together, this novel class of nanofiber aerogels holds great potential in biomedical applications including tissue repair and regeneration, wound healing, and 3D tissue/disease modeling.
Highly Sensitive On‐Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity
Authors: Park Tae Hyun , Park Seongjin , Yu Seunggun , Park Sangun , Lee Junseok , Kim Sunho , Jung Youngmee , Yi Hyunjung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of electrically responsive sensors that interact directly with human skin and at the same time produce a visual indication of the temperature is in great demand. Here, we report a highly sensitive electronic skin (E‐skin) sensor that measures and visualizes skin temperature simultaneously using a biocompatible hydrogel displaying thermoresponsive transparency and resistivity resulting from a temperature dependence of the strength of the hydrogen bonding between its components. This thermoresponsive hydrogel (TRH) showed a temperature dependence of not only the proton conductivity but also of its transmittance of light through a change in polymer conformation. We were able to use our TRH temperature sensor (TRH‐TS) to measure temperature in a wide range of temperatures based on a change in its intrinsic resistivity (−0.0289 °C−1) and to visualize the temperature due to its thermoresponsive transmittance (from 7% to 96%). The TRH‐TS exhibited high reliability upon multiple cycles of heating and cooling. The on‐skin TRH‐TS patch is also shown to successfully produce changes in its impedance and optical transparency as a result of changes in skin temperature during cardiovascular exercise. This work has shown that our biocompatible TRH‐TS is potentially suitable as wearable E‐skin for various emerging flexible healthcare monitoring applications.
Recent Progress of Chiral Perovskites: Materials, Synthesis, and Properties
Authors: Ma Jiaqi , Wang Haizhen , Li Dehui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChiral materials with intrinsic inversion‐symmetric structures possess many unique physicochemical features, including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, nonlinear optics, ferroelectricity, and spintronics. Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties, which are particularly suitable for realizing high power‐conversion efficiency in solar cells. Recent studies have shown that chirality can be transferred from chiral organic ligands into halide perovskites and the resultant chiral perovskites combine the advantages of both chiral materials and halide perovskites; this provides an ideal platform to design next‐generation optoelectronic and spintronic devices. In this progress report, the most recent advances are summarized in various chemical structures of chiral perovskites, their synthesis strategies, chirality generation mechanisms, and physical properties. Furthermore, the potential chiral‐halide‐perovskite‐based applications are presented and the challenges and prospects of chiral perovskites are discussed. This report outlines the diverse construction strategies of and proposes research directions for chiral halide perovskites; thus, it provides insights into the design of novel chiral perovskites and facilitates investigation of the optoelectronic applications that employ chirality.
Dendritic Network Implementable Organic Neurofiber Transistors with Enhanced Memory Cyclic Endurance for Spatiotemporal Iterative Learning
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Jeong Jae‐Seung , Jang Ho Won , Yi Hyunjung , Yang Hoichang , Ju Hyunsu , Lim Jung Ah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDendritic network implementable organic neurofiber transistors with enhanced memory cyclic endurance for spatiotemporal iterative learning are proposed. The architecture of the fibrous organic electrochemical transistors consisting of a double‐stranded assembly of electrode microfibers and an iongel gate insulator enables the highly sensitive multiple implementation of synaptic junctions via simple physical contact of gate‐electrode microfibers, similar to the dendritic connections of a biological neuron fiber. In particular, carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized polythiophene as a semiconductor channel material provides stable gate‐field‐dependent multilevel memory characteristics with long‐term stability and cyclic endurance, unlike the conventional poly(alkylthiophene)‐based neuromorphic electrochemical transistors, which exhibit short retention and unstable endurance. The dissociation of the carboxylic acid of the polythiophene enables reversible doping and dedoping of the polythiophene channel by effectively stabilizing the ions that penetrate the channel during potentiation and depression cycles, leading to the reliable cyclic endurance of the device. The synaptic weight of the neurofiber transistors with a dendritic network maintains the state levels stably and is independently updated with each synapse connected with the presynaptic neuron to a specific state level. Finally, the neurofiber transistor demonstrates successful speech recognition based on iterative spiking neural network learning in the time domain, showing a substantial recognition accuracy of 88.9%.
In Situ and Quantitative Vapor/Solid Anion Exchange for Composition Regulation and Optical Properties of Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Wei Hao , Manohari Arumugam Gowri , You Daotong , Wang Ru , Li Zhuxin , Liu Wei , Chen Jinping , Zhu Yizhi , Shi Zengliang , Cui Qiannan , Li ShuZhou , Xu ChunXiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnion exchange is a convenient postsynthetic transformation method to adjust the composition and bandgap of semiconductors. However, it is still a challenge to achieve the desired halogen‐variable perovskites due to rapid and uncontrollable reaction and difficulty to synthesize directly. Herein, a facile and gentle vapor/solid anion exchange strategy is reported to control the composition in situ and quantitatively for adjusting the properties of MAPbI3−xBrx (x = 0 to 3, MA = CH3NH3) films continuously. By controlling the reaction time, the films have a tunable bandgap from 1.58 to 2.25 eV and a continuously blue‐shifted photoluminescence peak from 771.1 to 540.5 nm. The regularly shifted X‐ray diffraction peaks reveal the successive variation in composition and crystal lattice with anion exchange and all the MAPbI3−xBrx films have a pure phase. More importantly, a universal empirical equation for in situ and quantitative composition regulation is extracted, which is supported by theoretical analysis and simulation on the anion exchange process. The anion exchange strategy and empirical equation are appropriate not only for perovskite but also for other related materials. This work may be valuable for further applications such as in situ quantitative reversible composition‐tunable perovskites, solar cells, white LEDs, and lasers.
A Visible‐Blind Photodetector and Artificial Optoelectronic Synapse Using Liquid‐Metal Exfoliated ZnO Nanosheets
Authors: Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Ahmed Taimur , Mohiuddin Md , Zavabeti Ali , Pillai Naresh , McConville Christopher F. , Mahmood Nasir , Walia Sumeet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtomically thin 2D materials are highly sought for high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. Despite being a widely recognized functional material for a plethora of applications, ultra‐thin nanosheets of zinc oxide (ZnO) at a millimeter‐scale for developing high‐performance electronic/optoelectronic devices have not been reported. This has prevented the exploration of electronic and optical properties of ZnO when it is only a few atoms thick. Here, a liquid metal exfoliation technique is used that takes advantage of the van der Waals forces between the interfacial oxide and the chosen substrate to obtain ZnO nanosheets with lateral dimensions in the millimeter scale and thickness down to 5 nm. Their suitability for applications is shown by demonstrating a visible‐blind photodetector with high figures of merit as compared to other ZnO morphologies. At extremely low operating bias of 50 mV and low optical intensity of 0.5 mW cm−2, the ZnO photodetector demonstrates an external quantum efficiency (EQE), responsivity (R), and detectivity (D*) of 4.3 × 103%, 12.64 A W−1, and 5.81 × 1015 Jones at a wavelength of 365 nm. The trap‐mediated photoresponse in the ZnO nanosheets is further utilized to demonstrate optoelectronic synapses. Versatile synaptic functions of the nervous systems are optically emulated with the ultra‐thin ZnO nanosheets.
High‐Performance Nondoped Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Based on a Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter with 1D Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Authors: Shi Yi‐Zhong , Wang Kai , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Ou Xue‐Mei , Yu Jia , Jie Jian‐Sheng , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have drawn enormous attention for their merits of process simplicity, reduced fabrication cost, and phase stability. Herein, a novel approach of utilizing intermolecular hydrogen bonding for enhancing performance of nondoped OLEDs with a new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter 10‐(4‐(2,6‐di(pyrimidin‐5‐yl)pyridin‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (DPmP‐PXZ) is investigated. Endowing with suitable intermolecular hydrogen bonds linking the ends of neighboring DPmP‐PXZ molecules, the molecules tend to form extended 1D molecular chain in solid. This 1D structure effectively keeps the electron‐rich PXZ cores in neighboring molecules apart from each other such that triplet‐related exciton quenching can be well suppressed. In addition, it also improves the balance of carrier mobilities and the optical out‐coupling from the emitting layer. With these merits, OLEDs using DPmP‐PXZ as a dopant emitter, from 10 to 100 wt%, can maintain high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 20%. More importantly, its nondoped OLED shows a yellow emission and an excellent maximum EQE of 21.8% with little efficiency roll‐off which is even comparable with state‐of‐the‐art yellow OLEDs. These results provide new insight on the role of hydrogen bonding in molecular packing and its subsequent influences on the performance of OLEDs.
Manganese‐Based Materials for Rechargeable Batteries beyond Lithium‐Ion
Authors: Li Huangxu , Zhang Wei , Sun Kena , Guo Jun , Yuan Kuo , Fu Jiaju , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiankun , Long Huiwu , Zhang Zhian , Lai Yanqing , Sun Hongyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe newly emerging rechargeable batteries beyond lithium‐ion, including aqueous and nonaqueous Na‐/K‐/Zn‐/Mg‐/Ca‐/Al‐ion batteries, are rapidly developing toward large‐scale energy storage application. The properties of electrode materials are determinant for electrochemical performance of the batteries. By virtue of the prominent features of low cost, non‐toxicity, high voltage, and rich valence states, Mn‐based electrode materials have attracted increasing attention. The big family of Mn‐based materials with rich composition and polymorphs, provides great possibilities for exploring and designing advanced electrode materials for these emerging rechargeable batteries. In this review, three main categories of Mn‐based materials, including oxides, Prussian blue analogous, and polyanion type materials, are systematically introduced to offer a comprehensive overview about the development and applications of Mn‐based materials in various emerging rechargeable battery systems. Their crystal structure, electrochemical performance, and reaction mechanism are highlighted. In addition, the key issues encountered by many Mn‐based materials, including Jahn–Teller distortion, Mn dissolution, crystal water, impact of electrolyte, etc., are also discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives on the future development of manganese‐based materials are provided as well. It is believed this review is timely and important to further promote exploration and applications of Mn‐based materials in both aqueous and nonaqueous rechargeable battery systems beyond lithium‐ion.
Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species
Authors: Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Authier Louise , Schimann Heidy , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: May 2021

PremiseStudying the organization of functional traits in plant leaves and stems has revealed notable patterns linking function and form; however, evidence of similarly robust organization in root tissues remains controversial. We posit that anatomical traits in roots can provide insight on the overall organization of the root system. We hypothesized that size variation in the tissue outside the stele is related in a nonlinear fashion with functional traits associated with direct resource uptake, including a negative relationship with root architectural traits, and that similar relationships detected in tropical areas also hold true in other biomes.MethodsWe addressed our hypotheses using empirical data from 24 tropical tree species in French Guiana, including anatomical measurements in first order roots and functional trait description for the entire fine root system. In addition, we compiled a global meta‐analysis of root traits for 500+ forest species across tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests.ResultsOur results supported the expected nonlinear relationships between cortical size and morphological traits and a negative linear trend with architectural traits. We confirmed a global negative relationship among specific root length (SRL), diameter, and tissue density, suggesting similar anatomical constraints in root systems across woody plants. However, the importance of factors varies across biomes, possibly related to the unequal phylogenetic representation across latitudes.ConclusionsOur findings imply that the rhizocentric hypothesis can be a valuable approach to understand fine root trait syndromes and the evolution of absorptive roots in vascular plants.
Modulating the Efficacy of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors through Fluorine Substitution
Authors: Berrino Emanuela , Michelet Bastien , Martin‐Mingot Agnès , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Thibaudeau Sébastien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe insertion of fluorine atoms and/or fluoroalkyl groups can lead to many beneficial effects in biologically active molecules, such as enhanced metabolic stability, bioavailability, lipophilicity, and membrane permeability, as well as a strengthening of protein–ligand binding interactions. However, this “magic effect” of fluorine atom(s) insertion can often be meaningless. Taking advantage of the wide range of data coming from the quest for carbonic anhydrase (CA) fluorinated inhibitors, this Minireview attempts to give “general guidelines” on how to wisely insert fluorine atom(s) within an inhibitor moiety to precisely enhance or disrupt ligand–protein interactions, depending on the target location of the fluorine substitution in the ligand. Multiple approaches such as ITC, kinetic and inhibition studies, X‐ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy are useful in dissecting single binding contributions to the overall observed effect. The exploitation of innovative directions made in the field of protein and ligand‐based fluorine NMR screening is also discussed to avoid misconduct and finely tune the exploitation of selective fluorine atom insertion in the future.
Unveiling the dermatological potential of marine fungal species components: Antioxidant and inhibitory capacities over tyrosinase
Authors: Agrawal Shivankar , Barrow Colin J. , Adholeya Alok , Deshmukh Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarine fungi are a rich source of biologically active molecules, but a poorly explored bioresource for cosmeceutical products. This study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antityrosinase effects of the organic extracts of marine fungi isolated from various marine environments in India. Out of 35 screened fungal strains, methanol extracts of strains P2, Talaromyces stipitatus, and D4, Aspergillus terreus exhibited antityrosinase activity of 45% and 43%, respectively, at the lowest concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The highest free radicals scavenging activity of 94% and 97% was observed at 500 mg/mL, respectively, of the same fungal extracts. The total phenolic content ranged from 8.20 to 20.30 mg/g of the dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalent. GC–MS analysis of T. stipitatus and A. terreus extract identified seven and 10 major compounds, respectively. Some of the major compounds included azetidine, (3E)‐3‐[(3,5‐dimethoxybenzoyl)hydrazono]‐N‐isobutyl butanamide, aziridine, and 3‐methylcyclopentanone, 1,1‐dimethylcyclohexane, cyclopentane carboxylic acid, N‐allyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐2‐benzothiophene‐1‐carboxamide, cyclo(l‐Pro‐l‐Val), and 3‐phenylpropionitrile. In conclusion, this study showed abundant fungal resources in Indian marine environments. A correlation between total phenolic contents of the extracts confirmed that phenolic compounds play an important role in antioxidant as well as antityrosinase activity of the marine fungal extracts and can be viewed as new potential antityrosinase and antioxidant resources.
Longitudinal observations call into question the scientific consensus that humans are unaffected by lunar cycles
Authors: Wehr Thomas A. , Helfrich‐Förster Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent longitudinal observations show that human menstrual cycles, sleep‐wake cycles and manic‐depressive cycles can become synchronized with lunar cycles, but do so in uniquely complex and heterogeneous ways that are unlikely to have been detected by past studies. Past studies’ negative results have given rise to a scientific consensus that human biology and behavior are unaffected by lunar cycles. The recent observations show that synchrony can be temporary, and can occur with more than one type of lunar cycle, more than one phase of a lunar cycle and more than one resonant frequency of a lunar cycle. Given the variability of human responses to lunar cycles, aggregate analyses used in almost all previous studies would likely have cancelled out individuals’ responses and led to false negative results. In light of these observations, the question of lunar influence should be investigated further, with longitudinal observations and case‐by‐case analyses of individuals’ data.
Chitosan and silver nanoparticles are attractive auxin carriers: A comparative study on the adventitious rooting of microcuttings in apple rootstocks
Authors: Korpayev Serdar , Karakeçili Ayşe , Dumanoğlu Hatice , Ibrahim Ahmed Osman Salwa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanocarriers for encapsulation and sustained release of agrochemicals such as auxins have emerged as an attractive strategy to provide enhanced bioavailability and efficacy for improved crop yields and nutrition quality. Here, a comparative study was conducted on the effectiveness of chitosan‐as a biopolymeric nanocarrier‐ and silver‐as a metallic nanocarrier‐ on in vitro adventitious rooting potential of microcuttings in apple rootstocks, for the first time. Auxins indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) loaded silver (nAg) or chitosan nanoparticles (nChi) were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. The average particle size of IAA‐nChi was 167.5 ± 0.1 nm while that of IBA‐nChi was 123.2 ± 2.6 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nAg‐IAA and nAg‐IBA particles were measured as 93.66 ± 5 nm and 71.41 ± 3 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the encapsulation of IAA or IBA in the chitosan nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks of IAA or IBA were detected on silver nanoparticles. In‐vitro adventitious rooting of microcuttings of Malling Merton 106 (MM 106) was significantly higher both in chitosan and silver nanoparticles loaded with IAA or IBA (91.7%–62.5%) compared to free IAA or IBA applications (50.0%–33.3%), except for 2.0 mg L–1 IBA (66.7%). However, the application of 2 mg L–1 IBA and IBA‐nChi at all concentrations caused an undesirable large callus development.