bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Health Related Quality of Life and Emotions in Muslim and Jewish Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Tarabeih Mahdi , Bokek-Cohen Ya’arit , Azuri Pazit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The scholarship on the impact of the source of the donated kidney (living donor = LD or deceased donor = DD) and the ethnoreligious background on the quality of life post-transplantation has received little scientific attention. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate health related quality of life and psychological feelings among kidney transplant (KT) recipients.

Methods
262 renal recipients completed the Health Related Quality Of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and answered the Transplant Effects Questionnaire (TxEQ) questionnaire assessing their post-transplantation emotional and psychological responses.

Results
KT Recipients reported medium levels of physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions of HRQOL. Muslim recipients reported significantly higher levels of physical, psychological, and social dimensions of HRQOL than Jews. Recipients of kidneys from LD reported higher levels of HRQOL. Recipients of kidney from a LD reported significantly higher levels of guilt and responsibility to be healthy.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that receiving a graft from a LD contributes to the HRQOL in the physical, psychological, and environmental dimensions. Hence, donations from LD should be encouraged, by investing efforts in promoting public awareness of the importance of donating kidneys by LDs. Muslim kidney recipients enjoy better physical, social, and psychological HRQOL; this difference can be explained by the supportive and embracing familial and social networks characterizing traditional Arab communities. Post-transplantation support programs should be designed in order to provide further support and improve emotional and psychological responses to postoperative reality.
Is There Still a German IR Discourse? Investigations in the Semi-Periphery of an Academic Discipline
Authors: Steffek Jens , Lasshof Yannick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In non-English-speaking countries, international relations (IR) scholars often face considerable pressure to publish in international journals and address international debates. At the same time, they are expected to cater to national publics, politicians, and funding agencies. In this article, we investigate how German IR scholars navigate this terrain and whether a national IR discourse still exists in Germany. To answer this question, we analyze citation patterns and the formulation of the puzzle in twenty-five volumes of the Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen, the German flagship journal of IR. We find that two-thirds of scholarly works cited in those articles are written in English. References to German-language literature cluster in articles written by authors without disciplinary affiliation in IR. The majority of research puzzles are also situated firmly in international discourses, while only a minority really target German debates. We conclude that not much of a distinctively German conversation over matters of IR is left, at least in academia. What is still there revolves around German foreign policy, theory issues, and, to some extent, European studies. On most other issues, authors link up directly to international debates even when addressing their German colleagues in German.
Megafauna Rewilding: Addressing Amnesia and Myopia in Biodiversity Law and Policy
Authors: Trouwborst Arie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Large mammals (megafauna) are disproportionately important for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity, but have been lost to disproportionate degrees, mostly in prehistoric times. Against the background of scientific knowledge regarding the state of ecosystems before a man-made wave of extinctions significantly reduced the numbers and diversity of megafauna on most continents, this article examines how (inter)national law and policy relate to efforts to restore large herbivores, omnivores and carnivores to terrestrial ecosystems around the world. Such megafauna rewilding, involving the (re)introduction of vanished species or proxies thereof, poses significant challenges to current laws and policies at national and domestic levels. These tend to have institutionalised a collective amnesia and myopia regarding what is ‘natural’ and ‘indigenous’. The success of future megafauna restoration efforts will partly depend on an understanding of what it takes to navigate, adjust or redesign applicable legal frameworks, and the article tables a research agenda to that end.
Artificial Diets With Different Protein Levels for RearingSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Truzi Caio Cesar , Vieira Natalia Fernanda , de Souza Joice Mendonça , De Bortoli Sergio Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of great economic importance which can feed on more than 300 plant species. As it is polyphagous, its host plants may have variable physical and chemical constitutions. This may influence larval development, as protein and carbohydrate levels are important factors for adequate biological development. The aim of this study was to evaluate insect developmental parameters as well as to compare the food consumption of S. frugiperda larvae reared using diets with different protein levels under laboratory conditions. Three artificial diet formulations were used: one typically used for routine laboratory rearing, based on bean, wheat germ and brewer’s yeast (D1); one containing half the original amount of protein (D2), and the other with twice the original amount of protein (D3). The relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR), and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) for S. frugiperda fourth instar larvae varied among diets. The protein present in the diet influenced the duration of larval and pupal periods and pupal weight, but did not affect larval survival, fecundity and longevity of adults. The different protein levels in the diets did not negatively influence population growth, so these three diet variations can be used for mass rearing in the laboratory. However, the influence of these diets on successive generations of the insect remains untested.
Prognostic model with alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and presence of Gleason pattern 5 for worse overall survival in low-risk metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Kawano Shota , Fukuokaya Wataru , Mori Keiichiro , Nishikawa Hideomi , Tashiro Kojiro , Watanabe Daisuke , Uchimoto Taizo , Nishimura Kazuki , Yano Yusuke , Murakami Masaya , Koike Yusuke , Hata Kenichi , Koide Haruhisa , Miki Jun , Abe Hirokazu , Yamada Hiroki , Naruoka Takehito , Sugaya Shingo , Kimura Takahiro , Tomita Masayuki , Nakajo Hiroshi , Egawa Shin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Randomized trials showed the survival benefits of the combined use of androgen receptor axis-targeted agents with androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), regardless of the risk. However, treating patients with low-risk mHSPC with such intensive treatment is still debatable.

Methods
This retrospective study included 155 low-risk patients among 467 mHSPC patients treated in our affiliated institutions. The association between predictive factors and treatment outcomes was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Predictive factors for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-free survival were investigated using Cox regression analyses.

Results
During the median follow-up of 39 months, 38.7% of patients developed CRPC and 14.2% died. In the multivariate analyses, a presence of Gleason pattern 5 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.04), high alkaline phosphatase (HR 1.007) and high lactate dehydrogenase (HR 1.009) were significant predictive factors for shorter CRPC-free survival. Finally, 155 patients were stratified into favorable- and unfavorable-risk groups based on the numbers of the predictive factors. The overall survival (OS) in the unfavorable-risk group (total scores: 2–3) was significantly worse than that of the favorable-risk group (total score: 0–1) (P = 0.02). This prognostic model was assessed with 50 low-risk mHSPC patients from the external validation dataset and found both the time to CRPC, and the OS in the unfavorable-risk group was significantly worse than that of the favorable-risk group (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The combination of Gleason pattern 5, high alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase can predict those with worse OS in low-risk mHSPC patients.
Ethnic Differences in Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Price Sarah N , Flores Melissa , Hamann Heidi A , Ruiz John M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite a substantially worse risk factor profile, Hispanics in the United States experience lower incidence of many diseases and longer survival than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), an epidemiological phenomenon known as the Hispanic Health Paradox (HHP). This systematic review evaluated the published longitudinal literature to address whether this pattern extends to lung cancer survival.MethodsSearches of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted for publications dated from January 1, 2000, to July 18, 2018. Records were restricted to articles written in English, employing a longitudinal design, and reporting a direct survival comparison (overall survival [OS], cancer-specific survival [CSS]) between NHW and Hispanic lung cancer patients.ResultsA final sample of 29 full-text articles were included, with 28 fully adjusted models of OS and 21 of CSS included. Overall, 26 (92.9%) OS models and 20 (95.2%) CSS models documented either no difference (OS = 16, CSS = 11) or a Hispanic survival advantage (OS = 10, CSS = 9). Both larger studies and those including foreign-born Hispanics were more likely to show a Hispanic survival advantage, and 2 studies of exclusively no-smokers showed a survival disadvantage. A number of reporting gaps were identified including Hispanic background and sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsHispanics exhibit similar or better survival in the context of lung cancer relative to NHWs despite a considerably worse risk factor profile. These findings support the HHP in the context of lung cancer. Further research is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of the HHP as it relates to lung cancer.
Simulating gas giant exoplanet atmospheres with Exo-FMS: comparing semigrey, picket fence, and correlated-k radiative-transfer schemes
Authors: Lee Elspeth K H , Parmentier Vivien , Hammond Mark , Grimm Simon L , Kitzmann Daniel , Tan Xianyu , Tsai Shang-Min , Pierrehumbert Raymond T 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Radiative-transfer (RT) is a fundamental part of modelling exoplanet atmospheres with general circulation models (GCMs). An accurate RT scheme is required for estimates of the atmospheric energy transport and for gaining physical insight from model spectra. We implement three RT schemes for Exo-FMS: semigrey, non-grey ‘picket fence’, and real gas with correlated-k. We benchmark the Exo-FMS GCM, using these RT schemes to hot Jupiter simulation results from the literature. We perform a HD 209458b-like simulation with the three schemes and compare their results. These simulations are then post-processed to compare their observable differences. The semigrey scheme results show qualitative agreement with previous studies in line with variations seen between GCM models. The real gas model reproduces well the temperature and dynamical structures from other studies. After post-processing our non-grey picket fence scheme compares very favourably with the real gas model, producing similar transmission spectra, emission spectra, and phase curve behaviours. Exo-FMS is able to reliably reproduce the essential features of contemporary GCM models in the hot gas giant regime. Our results suggest the picket fence approach offers a simple way to improve upon RT realism beyond semigrey schemes.
Bridges and gaps at low-eccentricity first-order resonances
Authors: Antoniadou Kyriaki I , Libert Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Previous works on the divergence of first-order mean-motion resonances (MMRs) have studied in detail the extent of the pericentric and apocentric libration zones of adjacent first-order MMRs, highlighting possible bridges between them in the low eccentricity circular restricted three-body problem. Here, we describe the previous results in the context of periodic orbits and show that the so-called circular family of periodic orbits is the path that can drive the passage between neighbouring resonances under dissipative effects. We illustrate that the circular family can bridge first-order and higher order resonances, while its gaps at first-order MMRs can serve as boundaries that stop transitions between resonances. In particular, for the Sun–asteroid–Jupiter problem, we show that, during the migration of Jupiter in the protoplanetary disc, a system initially evolving below the apocentric branch of a first-order MMR follows the circular family and can either be captured into the pericentric branch of an adjacent first-order MMR if the orbital migration is rapid or in a higher order MMR in case of slow migration. Radial transport via the circular family can be extended to many small body and planetary system configurations undergoing dissipative effects (e.g. tidal dissipation, solar mass-loss, and gas drag).
From dust to planets – I. Planetesimal and embryo formation
Authors: Coleman Gavin A L 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Planet formation models begin with proto-embryos and planetesimals already fully formed, missing out a crucial step, the formation of planetesimals/proto-embryos. In this work, we include prescriptions for planetesimal and proto-embryo formation arising from pebbles becoming trapped in short-lived pressure bumps, in thermally evolving viscous discs to examine the sizes and distributions of proto-embryos and planetesimals throughout the disc. We find that planetesimal sizes increase with orbital distance, from ∼10 km close to the star to hundreds of kilometres further away. Proto-embryo masses are also found to increase with orbital radius, ranging from $10^{-6}{\, {\rm M}_{\oplus }}$ around the iceline, to $10^{-3}{\, {\rm M}_{\oplus }}$ near the orbit of Pluto. We include prescriptions for pebble and planetesimal accretion to examine the masses that proto-embryos can attain. Close to the star, planetesimal accretion is efficient due to small planetesimals, whilst pebble accretion is efficient where pebble sizes are fragmentation limited, but inefficient when drift dominated due to low accretion rates before the pebble supply diminishes. Exterior to the iceline, planetesimal accretion becomes inefficient due to increasing planetesimal eccentricities, whilst pebble accretion becomes more efficient as the initial proto-embryo masses increase, allowing them to significantly grow before the pebble supply is depleted. Combining both scenarios allows for more massive proto-embryos at larger distances, since the accretion of planetesimals allows pebble accretion to become more efficient, allowing giant planet cores to form at distances upto $10{\, {\rm au}}$. By including more realistic initial proto-embryo and planetesimal sizes, as well as combined accretion scenarios, should allow for a more complete understanding in the beginning to end process of how planets and planetary systems form.
The first ALMA survey of protoplanetary discs at 3 mm: demographics of grain growth in the Lupus region
Authors: Tazzari M , Testi L , Natta A , Williams J P , Ansdell M , Carpenter J M , Facchini S , Guidi G , Hogherheijde M , Manara C F , Miotello A , van der Marel N 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first ALMA survey of protoplanetary discs at 3 mm, targeting 36 young stellar objects in the Lupus star-forming region with deep observations (sensitivity 20–50 $\mu$Jy beam−1) at ∼0.35 arcsec resolution (∼50 au). Building on previous ALMA surveys at 0.89 and 1.3 mm that observed the complete sample of Class II discs in Lupus at a comparable resolution, we aim to assess the level of grain growth in the relatively young Lupus region. We measure 3 mm integrated fluxes, from which we derive disc-averaged 1–3 mm spectral indices. We find that the mean spectral index of the observed Lupus discs is $\alpha _\mathrm{1-3\, mm}=2.23\pm 0.06$, in all cases $\alpha _\mathrm{1-3\, mm}\lt 3.0$, with a tendency for larger spectral indices in the brightest discs and in transition discs. Furthermore, we find that the distribution of spectral indices in Lupus discs is statistically indistinguishable from that of the Taurus and Ophiuchus star-forming regions. Assuming the emission is optically thin, the low values $\alpha _\mathrm{1-3\, mm}\le 2.5$ measured for most discs can be interpreted with the presence of grains larger than 1 mm. The observations of the faint discs in the sample can be explained without invoking the presence of large grains, namely through a mixture of optically thin and optically thick emission from small grains. However, the bright (and typically large) discs do inescapably require the presence of millimetre-sized grains in order to have realistic masses. Based on a disc mass argument, our results challenge previous claims that the presence of optically thick substructures may be a universal explanation for the empirical millimetre size-luminosity correlation observed at 0.89 mm.
Increased miR-6875-5p inhibits plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation via the STAT3/E2-2 pathway in recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Xiao , Yin Xun-Qiang , Hei Guo-Zhen , Wei Ran , Guo Qiang , Zhao Lin , Zhang Zhen , Chu Chu , Fu Xiao-Xiao , Xu Ke , Li Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common complication of early pregnancy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to confer fetal–maternal immunotolerance and play a crucial role in ensuring a successful pregnancy. A decrease of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) was found to be involved in RSA, but the underlying mechanisms of decreased pDC in RSA remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in RSA as well as the development, differentiation and functional regulation of pDCs; however, the regulatory effect of miRNAs on pDC in RSA has not been fully investigated. Here we demonstrated that both the proportion of pDC and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)/transcription factor 4 (Tcf4/E2-2) expression decreased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and decidua of patients with RSA compared to those with normal pregnancy (NP), and there was a significantly positive correlation between pDC and STAT3 mRNA. MiRNA microarray assay and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that miR-6875-5p expression was markedly increased in women with RSA and negatively correlated with mRNA expression level of STAT3. Up-regulated miR-6875-5p could sensitively discriminate patients with RSA from NP subjects. Overexpression of miR-6875-5p significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of STAT3 and E2-2 as well as the protein and phosphorylation level of STAT3, while miR-6875-5p knockdown showed opposite results. Dual luciferase reporter verified that miR-6875-5p regulated STAT3 expression by directly binding to its 3'untranslated region. Overall, our results suggested that increased miR-6875-5p is involved in RSA by decreasing the differentiation of pDCs via inhibition of the STAT3/E2-2 signaling pathway. miR-6875-5p may be explored as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for RSA.
Limited occurrence of the profunda morph of the quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in the Volga River reservoirs of Russia and limited genetic differences between morphs in Russia and North America
Authors: Pavlova Vera V , Stolbunova Veronika V , Elgin Ashley K 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis is a highly invasive species. It plays an important role in benthic communities, influencing their structure and functioning. Two morphs of this mussel have been described: a shallow-water (i.e. the typical) morph and a deep-water morph, profunda. Currently, profunda has been found in several water bodies only within the nonnative range of D. r. bugensis. In North America, the profunda morph is widespread and abundant in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Europe, profunda was found for the first time in 2009 in the Cheboksary Reservoir, which is located on the central part of the Volga River. A 2016 search for profunda in the four deepest Volga reservoirs (Cheboksary, Kuybyshev, Saratov and Volgograd) failed to find this morph even at the site where it was found in 2009. Traditional and outline-based morphometric analyses showed that only the shallow-water morph individuals inhabited studied sites at depths of 25–33 m. The present study revealed that morphological differences between the typical and profunda morphs from both the European and North American ranges were accompanied by limited genetic differences. Microsatellite analysis showed only minor differences in allele frequencies between morphs sampled in 2019 from the Cheboksary Reservoir; these differences were not significant after correction for null alleles. High phenotypic and ecological plasticity of D. r. bugensis may facilitate its invasion success.
Ribosome heterogeneity inDrosophila melanogastergonads through paralog-switching
Authors: Hopes Tayah , Norris Karl , Agapiou Michaela , McCarthy Charley G P , Lewis Philip A , O’Connell Mary J , Fontana Juan , Aspden Julie L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRibosomes have long been thought of as homogeneous macromolecular machines, but recent evidence suggests they are heterogeneous and could be specialised to regulate translation. Here, we have characterised ribosomal protein heterogeneity across 4 tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. We find that testes and ovaries contain the most heterogeneous ribosome populations, which occurs through a combination of paralog-enrichment and paralog-switching. We have solved structures of ribosomes purified from in vivo tissues by cryo-EM, revealing differences in precise ribosomal arrangement for testis and ovary 80S ribosomes. Differences in the amino acid composition of paralog pairs and their localisation on the ribosome exterior indicate paralog-switching could alter the ribosome surface, enabling different proteins to regulate translation. One testis-specific paralog-switching pair is also found in humans, suggesting this is a conserved site of ribosome heterogeneity. Overall, this work allows us to propose that mRNA translation might be regulated in the gonads through ribosome heterogeneity, providing a potential means of ribosome specialisation.