bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Implementation of Ex-Core Measurement in TEPLATOR Graphite Reflector
Authors: Vilímová Eva , Peltan Tomáš , Jiřičková Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An ex-core neutron flux measurement is a crucial system for all common power reactors. It is necessary to monitor the neutron flux and control the chain reaction, therefore, the ex-core neutron flux measurement is one of the main safety and control systems. The main advantage of this arrangement of detectors is a fast response to neutron flux change, which determines the reactor power change. Regarding to the new reactor concepts, it is important to deal with improved detection systems suitable for these reactors. Many of the modern reactor concepts are based on a graphite moderator or reflector, which is also the case of the TEPLATOR. The TEPLATOR is a solution of a district heating system based on heavy water as a moderator and graphite as a reflector. The TEPLATOR is designed to use irradiated fuel from the commercial pressurized water reactor or boiling water reactor, which has low to intermediate burnup. This work is focused on the verification of the possible use of the special neutron measuring system placed in the graphite reflector. The Monte Carlo code serpent was used for the calculations performed in this work.
Association between varying cut-points of intermediate hyperglycemia and risk of mortality, cardiovascular events and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gujral Unjali P , Jagannathan Ram , He Siran , Huang Minxuan , Staimez Lisa R , Wei Jingkai , Singh Nanki , Narayan K M Venkat 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the updated evidence regarding prediabetes for predicting mortality, macrovascular and microvascular outcomes.Research design and methodsWe identified English language studies from MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID and Cochrane database indexed from inception to January 31, 2020. Paired reviewers independently identified 106 prospective studies, comprising nearly 1.85 million people, from 27 countries. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular mortality (CVDM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Secondary outcomes were heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and retinopathy.ResultsImpaired glucose tolerance was associated with ACM; HR 1.19, 95% CI (1.15 to 1.24), CVDM; HR 1.21, 95% CI (1.10 to 1.32), CVD; HR 1.18, 95% CI (1.11 to 1.26), CHD; HR; 1.13, 95% CI (1.05 to 1.21) and stroke; HR 1.24, 95% CI (1.06 to 1.45). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) 110–125 mg/dL was associated with ACM; HR 1.17, 95% CI (1.13 to 1.22), CVDM; HR 1.20, 95% CI (1.09 to 1.33), CVD; HR 1.21, 95% CI (1.09 to 1.33), CHD; HR; 1.14, 95% CI (1.06 to 1.22) and stroke; HR 1.22, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.40). IFG 100–125 mg/dL was associated with ACM; HR 1.11, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.19), CVDM; HR 1.14, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.25), CVD; HR 1.15, 95% CI (1.05 to 1.25), CHD HR; 1.10, 95% CI (1.02 to 1.19) and CKD; HR; 1.09, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.18). Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.0%–6.4% was associated with ACM; HR 1.30, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.66), CVD; HR 1.32, 95% CI (1.00 to 1.73) and CKD; HR 1.50, 95% CI (1.32 to 1.70). HbA1c 5.7%–6.4% was associated with CVD HR 1.15, 95% CI (1.02 to 1.30), CHD; HR 1.28, 95% CI (1.13 to 1.46), stroke; HR 1.23, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.46) and CKD; HR 1.32, 95% CI (1.16 to 1.50).ConclusionPrediabetes is an elevated risk state for macrovascular and microvascular outcomes. The prevention and management of prediabetes should be considered.
Effect of a home-based health, nutrition and responsive stimulation intervention and conditional cash transfers on child development and growth: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Tanzania
Authors: Sudfeld Christopher R , Bliznashka Lilia , Ashery Geofrey , Yousafzai Aisha K , Masanja Honorati 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionEvidence on the effects of community health worker (CHW) interventions and conditional cash transfers (CCTs) on child growth and development in sub-Saharan Africa remains sparse.MethodsWe conducted a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled trial of an integrated home-visiting health, nutrition and responsive stimulation intervention alone and in combination with CCTs to promote antenatal and child clinic attendance from 2017 to 2019 in rural Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Pregnant women and caregivers with a child <1 year of age were enrolled. Twelve villages were randomised to either (1) CHW (n=200 participants), (2) CHW+CCT (n=200) or (3) control (n=193). An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted for the primary trial outcomes of child cognitive, language and motor development assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and child length/height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at 18 months of follow-up.ResultsThe CHW and CHW+CCT interventions had beneficial effects on child cognitive development as compared with control (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.15, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.24, and SMD: 0.18, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.28, respectively). The CHW+CCT intervention also had positive effects on language (SMD: 0.08, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15) and motor (SMD: 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.28) development. Both CHW and CHW+CCT interventions had no effect on HAZ in the primary analysis; however, there were statistically significant positive effects in multivariable analyses. The CHW+CCT group (mean difference: 3.0 visits, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.0) and the CHW group (mean difference: 1.5 visits, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.5) attended greater number of child health and growth monitoring clinic visits as compared to the control group.ConclusionIntegrated CHW home-visiting interventions can improve child cognitive development and may have positive effects on linear growth. Combining CHW with CCT may provide additional benefits on clinic visit attendance and selected child development outcomes.Trial registration numberISRCTN10323949.
Gender differences in barriers to mental healthcare for UK military veterans: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Godier-McBard Lauren Rose , Cable G , Wood A D , Fossey M 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionLimited UK research focuses on female military veterans’ gender-related experiences and issues when accessing civilian mental healthcare support. This study sought to illuminate a preliminary understanding of any gender differences in barriers that may discourage them accessing mental healthcare support.MethodsA total of 100 participants completed an open online survey of UK triservice veterans who identified as having experienced postmilitary mental health problems. They completed a 30-item Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation scale and were asked to elaborate using free-text questions. Resulting quantitative data were analysed for gender-related differences, while the qualitative text was thematically explored.ResultsWhile stigma, previous poor experience of mental healthcare and a lack of trust in civilian providers were found to act as barriers to postmilitary support for both men and women, significantly more women reported that their gender had also impacted on their intention to seek help. Women also commented on the impact of gender-related discrimination during service on their help-seeking experiences.ConclusionsWhile efforts are being made by the UK Ministry of Defence to reduce barriers to mental healthcare for those still serving in the Armed Forces, it has been more difficult to provide a similar level of support to the veteran population. With little veteran research focusing on the specific experiences of women, this study suggests that female veterans encounter specific access barriers and issues related to their gender. Further research is therefore needed to ensure these findings are addressed.
Paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy in Khartoum state, Sudan: a prospective study
Authors: Elshazali Osama Hafiz , Abdalla Ekhlas 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects ventricular function; it is a debilitating disease that can lead to heart failure and death in children. There is a lack of good epidemiological data about paediatric DCM in Sudan or in sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo study the incidence, causes and outcome of DCM among children in Sudan.MethodsA prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted in three paediatric hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan over the period of 6 months.ResultsDuring the study period, 55 children were seen with the diagnosis of DCM; The female: male ratio was 1.9:1. The incidence of DCM in Khartoum state was found to be 1.4 cases per 100 000 children per year, 10 children (18 %) were diagnosed in the first year of their life. Twenty-seven children (49 %) showed evidence of failure to thrive, being below the fifth percentile for weight. The most common cause of DCM was found to be postviral in 27 children (49%), followed by Idiopathic in 25 children (45%). The most common presentation was the shortness of breath in 53 children (97%), on echocardiography 26 children (47 %) showed evidence of severe left ventricular impairment and 23 children (42%) showed moderate ventricular impairment. Regarding the outcome, 8 children (15%) recovered, the condition of 11 children (20%) remained static and there were 36 deaths (65%).ConclusionThe incidence of DCM in Sudanese children was found to high with a higher mortality compared with middle-income and high-income countries; Improvement in the entire health system is needed to tackle this condition.
Precision branching-ratio measurements in $$^{18}$$O
Authors: Pirrie S. , Wheldon C. , Kokalova Tz. , Bishop J. , Faestermann Th. , Hertenberger R. , Wirth H. F. , Bailey S. , Curtis N. , Dell’Aquila D. , Mengoni D. , Smith R. , Torresi D. , Turner A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn experiment has been performed utilising the $$^{12}$$

12

C($$^{7}$$

7

Li,p)$$^{18}$$

18

O reaction to populate high-energy states in $$^{18}$$

18

O. Using the Munich Q3D magnetic spectrograph in conjunction with the Birmingham large-angular-coverage DSSD array, branching ratios have been measured for over fifty states in $$^{18}$$

18

O, investigating the $$\alpha $$
α
-decay, n-decay, 2n-decay and $$\gamma $$
γ
-decay branches. In tandem, Monte-Carlo techniques have been used to identify and separate features.
Probing quadratic gravity with binary inspirals
Authors: Kim Yunho , Kobakhidze Archil , Picker Zachary S. C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study gravitational waves generated by binary systems within an extension of General Relativity which is described by the addition of quadratic in curvature tensor terms to the Einstein–Hilbert action. Treating quadratic gravity as an effective theory valid in the low energy/curvature regime, we argue that reliable calculations can be performed in the early inspiral phase, and furthermore, no flux of additional massive waves can be detected. We then compute the Yukawa suppressed dipole-like corrections to the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion of the standard waveform. By confronting these theoretical calculations with available experimental data, we constrain both unknown parameters of quadratic gravity to be $$0 \le \gamma \, \lesssim 5.9\times 10^{76}$$

0
≤
γ

≲
5.9
×

10
76

, and $$-\frac{\gamma }{4} \le \beta \, \lesssim 9.8\times 10^{75} - \frac{\gamma }{4}$$

-

γ
4

≤
β

≲
9.8
×

10
75

-

γ
4

.
Host IL11 Signaling Suppresses CD4+ T cell–Mediated Antitumor Responses to Colon Cancer in Mice
Authors: Huynh Jennifer , Baloyan David , Chisanga David , Shi Wei , O'Brien Megan , Afshar-Sterle Shoukat , Alorro Mariah , Pang Lokman , Williams David S. , Parslow Adam C. , Thilakasiri Pathum , Eissmann Moritz F. , Boon Louis , Masson Frederick , Chand Ashwini L. , Ernst Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIL11 is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines and signals through its cognate receptor subunits, IL11RA and glycoprotein 130 (GP130), to elicit biological responses via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. IL11 contributes to cancer progression by promoting the survival and proliferation of cancer cells, but the potential immunomodulatory properties of IL11 signaling during tumor development have thus far remained unexplored. Here, we have characterized a role for IL11 in regulating CD4+ T cell–mediated antitumor responses. Absence of IL11 signaling impaired tumor growth in a sporadic mouse model of colon cancer and syngeneic allograft models of colon cancer. Adoptive bone marrow transfer experiments and in vivo depletion studies demonstrated that the tumor-promoting activity of IL11 was mediated through its suppressive effect on host CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, when compared with Il11ra-proficient CD4+ T cells associated with MC38 tumors, their Il11ra-deficient counterparts displayed elevated expression of mRNA encoding the antitumor mediators IFNγ and TNFα. Likewise, IL11 potently suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, and IL12p70) by CD4+ T cells in vitro, which we corroborated by RNAscope analysis of human colorectal cancers, where IL11RAhigh tumors showed less IFNG and CD4 expression than IL11RAlow tumors. Therefore, our results ascribe a tumor cell–extrinsic immunomodulatory role to IL11 during colon cancer development that could be amenable to an anticytokine-based therapy.See related Spotlight by van der Burg, p. 724.
The Chemokine CX3CL1 Improves Trastuzumab Efficacy in HER2 Low–Expressing CancerIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Dreyer Tobias F. , Kuhn Sabine , Stange Christoph , Heithorst Nadine , Schilling Daniela , Jelsma Jil , Sievert Wolfgang , Seitz Stefanie , Stangl Stefan , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Noske Aurelia , Wege Anja K. , Weichert Wilko , Ruland Jürgen , Schmitt Manfred , Dorn Julia , Kiechle Marion , Reuning Ute , Magdolen Viktor , Multhoff Gabriele , Bronger Holger 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA crucial mode of action of trastuzumab is the labeling of HER2-positive (HER2+) tumor cells for the eradication by natural killer (NK) cells, a process called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, despite widespread HER2 expression among cancer entities, only a fraction, with robust HER2 overexpression, benefits from trastuzumab therapy. ADCC requires both sufficient lymphocytic infiltration and close binding of the immune cells to the antibody-tagged tumor cells. We hypothesized that the chemokine CX3CL1 could improve both processes, as it is synthesized as a membrane-bound, adhesive form that is eventually cleaved into a soluble, chemotactic protein. Here, we show that CX3CL1 overexpression is a positive prognostic marker in breast cancer. CX3CL1 overexpression attracted tumor-suppressive lymphocytes, including NK cells, and inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in the syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer mouse model. In HER2+ SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, and HT-29 tumor cells, CX3CL1 overexpression increased NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and acted synergistically with trastuzumab. Even though CX3CL1 did not further improve trastuzumab efficacy in vivo in the trastuzumab-sensitive MDA-MB-453 model, it compensated for NK-cell depletion and prolonged survival. In the HER2 low–expressing HT-29 model, however, CX3CL1 overexpression not only prolonged survival time but also overcame trastuzumab resistance in a partly NK cell–dependent manner. Taken together, these findings identify CX3CL1 as a feasible pharmacologic target to enable trastuzumab therapy in HER2 low–expressing cancers and render it a potential predictive biomarker to determine therapy responders.
Megalobulimus dryades, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and redescription of Megalobulimus gummatus (Gastropoda: Strophocheilidae)
Authors: Fontenelle José Heitzmann , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de , Cavallari Daniel Caracanhas 
Published: April 2021

Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870) since the 19th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.
Appraising carnivore (Mammalia: Carnivora) studies in Bangladesh from 1971 to 2019 bibliographic retrieves: trends, biases, and opportunities
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Zakir Tania 
Published: April 2021

In contrast to <7% natural forest covers and >1,000 people living km-2, Bangladesh, one of the smallest countries in Asia, shelters 28 carnivorous mammals. The species are of six families, nearly half of the entire carnivore diversity of the Indian Subcontinent. Carnivores of Bangladesh are little understood and they are disappearing fast despite receiving stern protection. Yet, there has been no assessment on the status of existing knowledge. A review was aimed to assess the existing knowledge and evaluate the research trends in country’s mammalian carnivores. Peer-reviewed works published from 1971 to 2019 were skimmed and categorized systematically according to five traits: publication type, research topic, time of publication, region, and species of study. In a total of 95 works examined, substantial numbers were on tiger (n=45) and the Sundarbans (n=47). In imbalance to action plans procured for tiger conservation, 14 carnivores have never been exclusively studied in Bangladesh. Of the research topics, preference was evident for wildlife management and conflict analyses as there were 31 scientific papers out of 63 in these categories. Inventory compilation for books (18 of 24) comprised the next preferred subject. The assessment could identify gaps in related knowledge in different regions of the country. Eastern region has experienced a meagre amount of work, although its mixed evergreen forests have larger combined area than the Sundarbans, and is known for its higher richness of diversity. Exclusive works outside legally defined protected areas were also low. We found no works in northwestern and southern Bangladesh. In the last two decades, the temporal trajectory of research effort has been more, and the topics have started to diversify. In order to improve conservation practices, we stress that gaps in knowledge pertaining to region or subject may be bridged with contemporary study techniques. This is crucial to highlight the status of carnivore species that are otherwise ‘elusive’, ‘apparently absent’, or ‘least-known’.
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support Utilization in Heart Failure Related Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Hernandez-Montfort Jaime , Sinha Shashank S. , Thayer Katherine L. , Whitehead Evan H. , Pahuja Mohit , Garan Arthur Reshad , Mahr Claudius , Haywood Jillian L. , Harwani Neil M. , Schaeffer August , Wencker Detlef , Kanwar Manreet , Vorovich Esther , Abraham Jacob , Burkhoff Daniel , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Cardiogenic shock occurring in the setting of advanced heart failure (HF-CS) is increasingly common. However, recent studies have focused almost exclusively on acute myocardial infarction-related CS. We sought to define clinical, hemodynamic, metabolic, and treatment parameters associated with clinical outcomes among patients with HF-CS, using data from the Cardiogenic Shock Working Group registry.

Methods:
Patients with HF-CS were identified from the multicenter Cardiogenic Shock Working Group registry and divided into 3 outcome categories assessed at hospital discharge: mortality, heart replacement therapy (HRT: durable ventricular assist device or orthotopic heart transplant), or native heart survival. Clinical characteristics, hemodynamic, laboratory parameters, drug therapies, acute mechanical circulatory support device (AMCS) utilization, and Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention stages were compared across the 3 outcome cohorts.

Results:

Of the 712 patients with HF-CS identified, 180 (25.3%) died during their index admission, 277 (38.9%) underwent HRT (durable ventricular assist device or orthotopic heart transplant), and 255 (35.8%) experienced native heart survival without HRT. Patients who died had the highest right atrial pressure and heart rate and the lowest mean arterial pressure of the 3 outcome groups (
P
<0.01 for all). Biventricular and isolated left ventricular congestion were common among patients who died or underwent HRT, respectively. Lactate, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase were highest in patients with HF-CS experiencing in-hospital death. Intraaortic balloon pump was the most commonly used AMCS device in the overall cohort and among patients receiving HRT. Patients receiving >1 AMCS device had the highest in-hospital mortality rate irrespective of the number of vasoactive drugs used. Mortality increased with deteriorating Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention stages (stage B: 0%, stage C: 10.7%, stage D: 29.4%, stage E: 54.5%, 1-way ANOVA=<0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with HF-CS experiencing in-hospital mortality had a high prevalence of biventricular congestion and markers of end-organ hypoperfusion. Substantial heterogeneity exists with use of AMCS in HF-CS with intraaortic balloon pump being the most common device used and high rates of in-hospital mortality after exposure to >1 AMCS device.
Disrupted Rest-Activity Rhythms and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Pathology in Older Adults
Authors: Sommer Rosa , Yu Lei , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S. , Lim Andrew S.P. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease remains incompletely understood. The relationship between circadian rhythm disturbances and histopathologic measures of cerebral small vessel disease has not been studied. We hypothesized that disrupted circadian rest-activity rhythms would be associated with a higher burden of cerebral small vessel disease pathology.

Methods:
We studied 561 community-dwelling older adults (mean age at death, 91.2, 27.4% male) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. We used actigraphy to quantify several measures of 24-hour rest-activity rhythmicity, including interdaily stability, intradaily variability, and amplitude, and used ordinal logistic regression models to relate these measures to the severity of cerebral arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, macroinfarcts, and microinfarcts, assessed at autopsy.

Results:
Lower interdaily stability was associated with a higher burden of arteriolosclerosis, higher intradaily variability was associated with a higher burden of atherosclerosis and subcortical infarcts, and lower amplitude was associated with a higher burden of arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and subcortical macroinfarcts. Moreover, the associations between interdaily stability and arteriolosclerosis and intradaily variability and subcortical infarcts were independent of cardiovascular risk factors, sleep fragmentation, and medical comorbidities.

Conclusions:
Disrupted rest-activity rhythms are associated with a greater burden of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults.