bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of insurance, urbanity, and comorbidity with types of palliative care received by patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Ramsey Tam , Lee Brian , Curran Kent , Desai Vilok , Debiase Carolyn , Galati Lisa , Gildener‐Leapman Neil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur study examined some of the social and medical factors associated with receiving pain palliation alone over more aggressive cytoreductive palliative measures, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation among patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study used the National Cancer Database 2016 for data analysis. Patient and tumor characteristics were examined using bivariate analysis and logistic regression to identify their association with receiving pain palliation alone versus cytoreductive palliation treatment.ResultsUsing multivariate logistic regression analysis, insurance status (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15–0.50, p < 0.001), urbanity (OR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.21–2.46, p = 0.002), and Charlson–Deyo scores greater than 3 (OR: 2.49, 95%CI: 1.38–4.47, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with receipt of pain palliation alone.ConclusionsClinicians should be aware of non‐health‐related factors, such as insurance status, that may influence patients' receipt of treatments in head and neck cancer.
Dorsal and ventral mossy cells differ in their axonal projections throughout the dentate gyrus of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Botterill Justin J. , Gerencer Kathleen J. , Vinod K. Yaragudri , Alcantara‐Gonzalez David , Scharfman Helen E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlutamatergic hilar mossy cells (MCs) have axons that terminate both near and far from their cell body but stay within the DG, making synapses primarily in the molecular layer. The long‐range axons are considered the primary projection, and extend throughout the DG ipsilateral to the soma, and project to the contralateral DG. The specificity of MC axons for the inner molecular layer (IML) has been considered to be a key characteristic of the DG. In the present study, we made the surprising finding that dorsal MC axons are an exception to this rule. We used two mouse lines that allow for Cre‐dependent viral labeling of MCs and their axons: dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2‐Cre) and calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (Crlr‐Cre). A single viral injection into the dorsal DG to label dorsal MCs resulted in labeling of MC axons in both the IML and middle molecular layer (MML). Interestingly, this broad termination of dorsal MC axons occurred throughout the septotemporal DG. In contrast, long‐range axons of ventral MCs terminated in the IML, consistent with the literature. Taken together, these results suggest that dorsal and ventral MCs differ significantly in their axonal projections. Since MC projections in the ML are thought to terminate primarily on GCs, the results suggest a dorsal–ventral difference in MC activation of GCs. The surprising difference in dorsal and ventral MC projections should therefore be considered when evaluating dorsal–ventral differences in DG function.
Dysfunctional beliefs, sleep hygiene and sleep quality in university students
Authors: Humphries Rachael K. , Bath Debra M. , Burton Nicola W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIssue addressedPoor sleep quality is common among university students and can have negative implications for physical, emotional, cognitive and academic wellbeing. Previous research has identified that sleep beliefs and sleep behaviours are associated with poor sleep quality. However, few studies have examined these variables simultaneously. This study explored associations between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, sleep hygiene and sleep quality in a sample of university students.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a pool of undergraduate psychology students and included 120 male students and 145 female students with an average age of 20 years (SD = 5.10). Participants completed an online survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale, Sleep Hygiene Index and demographic items.ResultsOverall 60.4% of participants (59.4% of women, 40.6% of men) had poor sleep quality. Logistic regression indicated a significant positive association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality, OR = 1.16, P >.001, 95% CI (1.10, 1.23), and no significant relationship between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and sleep quality, OR = 1.03, P > .79, 95% CI (0.84, 1.26), after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsSleep interventions for university students are needed and could focus on common hygiene components, such as using the bed for activities other than sleeping, engaging in arousing activities before bed and how to manage thinking and worrying before bed. So What? The results of the study demonstrate poor sleep quality is common among university students and indicates that sleep interventions are warranted. The positive association found between sleep hygiene and sleep quality highlights that interventions should focus on behavioural components of sleep.
The implications of COVID‐19 for health workforce planning and policy: the case of Peru
Authors: Rees Gareth H , Peralta Quispe Felipe , Scotter Cris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLike many countries Peru is confronting uncertainties due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and its consequences. This is having impacts not only on health systems but also on the planning and preparation of its workforces. In this case article we summarise the progress Peru has been making to improve its workforce capacity and planning and review how Peru has coped with the stresses put on its health system arising from the pandemic. By recounting the responses that the Ministry of Health made through mobilising existing capabilities, additional workers and collaboration with health science faculties and health professional colleges, the article identifies that a longer‐term planning perspective based on skills that services require is something that Peru may consider to compliment the health workforce investments that are already being made. As such, this case provides an example for workforce planners and policy makers to contemplate when considering health workforce planning in post‐COVID uncertainty.
Influence of anisotropy on the Jeffrey fluid convection in a horizontal rotary porous layer
Authors: Yadav Dhananjay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStability analysis of thermal convection for a Jeffrey fluid with rotation in an anisotropic porous medium is examined utilizing a modified Jeffrey–Darcy model. The linear stability theory is applied to examine how the Jeffrey parameter, rotation parameter, and anisotropic parameters affect the convective motion. It is observed that the rotation and the anisotropic in the thermal diffusivity act to delay the start of Jeffery fluid convection, while the Jeffery parameter and the anisotropic in the permeability show a dual effect in the presence of rotation. The extent of the convection cell diminishes with rotation and Jeffery parameters, while it augments with the thermal anisotropy parameter. Also, some previous outcomes are regained as special cases of the current analysis.
Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kazemi Fatemeh , Vosough Iraj , Sepahi Samaneh , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disabling disorder. Crocin, the active component of the saffron plant (Crocus Sativus L.) has various pharmacological activities. The present study compared the efficacy and safety of crocin and fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate OCD.Methods & MaterialsFifty patients with OCD, aged 18 to 60 years, were randomized to receive either crocin (15 mg) or fluoxetine (20 mg) capsules for 8 weeks. Eligible participants received one capsule/day in the first month, which followed by two capsules daily in the second month. The patients were evaluated using Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐compulsive scale (Y‐BOCS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HARS).ResultsThe mean Y‐BOCS score in both groups decreased significantly during 2 months (p‐value = 0.0001). Also, HARS score in the crocin group was changed from 17.16 to 13.04 whereas, in the fluoxetine group was decreased from 18.28 to 12.34. The results indicated no difference between the two groups in Y‐BOCS and HARS score changes after 2‐month trial (p‐value >0.5). Also, fewer adverse effects were reported in the crocin group compared to the fluoxetine group.ConclusionAccording to our study, it seems that crocin is effective in treatment of patients with mild to moderate OCD with possibly fewer adverse effects compared to fluoxetine.
SLy2‐overexpression impairs B‐cell development in the bone marrow and the IgG response towards pneumococcal conjugate‐vaccine
Authors: Jaufmann Jennifer , Tümen Leyla , Beer‐Hammer Sandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause severe diseases in humans including pneumonia. Although guidelines for vaccination have been established, S. pneumoniae is still responsible for a serious burden of disease around the globe. Currently, two pneumococcal immunizations are available, namely the pure polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax23 (P23) and the conjugate‐vaccine Prevenar13 (PCV13). We recently reported impaired thymus‐independent antibody responses towards P23 in mice overexpressing the immunoinhibitory adapter SLy2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adaptive B‐cell responses towards the thymus‐dependent vaccine PCV13 in SLy2‐overexpressing mice and to study their survival rate during pneumococcal lung infection. Moreover, we investigated B‐cell developmental stages within the bone marrow (BM) in the context of excessive SLy2‐expression.MethodsB‐cell subsets and their surface immune globulins were investigated by flow cytometry. For class‐switch assays, isolated splenic B cells were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐4 and antibody secretion was quantified via LEGENDplex. To study PCV13‐specific responses, mice were immunized and serum antibody titers (immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulins IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3) were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Survival rates of mice were assessed within 7 days upon intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae.ResultsOur data demonstrate impaired IgG1 and IgG3 antibody responses towards the pneumococcal conjugate‐vaccine PCV13 in SLy2‐overexpressing mice. This was accompanied by reduced frequencies and numbers of BM‐resident plasmablasts. In addition, we found drastically reduced counts of B‐cell precursors in the BM of SLy2‐Tg mice. The survival rate upon intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae was mostly comparable between the genotypes.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate an important role of the adapter protein SLy2 in the context of adaptive antibody responses against pneumococcal conjugate‐vaccine. Interestingly, deficits in humoral immunity seemed to be compensated by cellular immune effectors upon bacterial challenge. Our study further shows a novel relevance of SLy2 for plasmablasts and B‐cell progenitors in the BM.
Corporate environmental disclosure and earnings management—The moderating role of corporate governance structures
Authors: Gerged Ali Meftah , Albitar Khaldoon , Al‐Haddad Lara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur study examines whether internal corporate governance (CG) mechanisms moderate the relationship between a firm's engagement in corporate environmental disclosure (CED) and earnings management (EM) practices in an emerging economy. Using a sample of 100 Jordanian listed firms from 2010 to 2014 (i.e., 500 firm‐year observations), our findings reveal that while the relationship between CED and earnings manipulations is negative, the links between CG arrangements and EM are heterogeneous in that they might have either reduced or increased earnings manipulations in Jordan. Furthermore, some CG structures, such as board size, managerial, and institutional ownership structures have moderating effects on the CED‐EM nexus. Our research highlights the significance of considering internal CG mechanisms to explain the link between CED and EM in the context of emerging economies. Our results help to explain and place into setting the earlier mixed results on the association between CED and earnings manipulations and most importantly add to the debate about whether CG structures detrimental to the CED‐EM nexus. This study allows for a richer understanding of how managers respond to CED initiatives and CG reforms in relation to reducing earnings manipulations, which offers policymakers, board directors and managers, a set of context‐specific recommendations related to the crucial need for more concerted efforts to ensure corporate sustainability in emerging economies.
A scoping review of maternal antibiotic prophylaxis in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Comparison to WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infection
Authors: Jury Imogen , Thompson Kelly , Hirst Jane E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a leading cause of maternal death. Antimicrobials save lives, but inappropriate overuse increases risk of antimicrobial resistance.ObjectiveA scoping review comparing peripartum prophylactic antimicrobial use in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) with WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infection.Search strategyMedline, Embase, Global Health, LILACS and the WHO Library databases were searched.Selection criteriaPublications from LMICs since 2015 describing maternal prophlyactic antibiotics for group B streptococcus (GBS), preterm‐prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM), cesarean section, manual placental removal, and third/fourth‐degree perineal tears.Data collection and analysisPublications were screened, and duplicates were removed. A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Owing to study heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed.Main resultsOf 1886 studies, 27 studies from 13 countries involving 43 774 women met the eligibility criteria. Polymerase chain reaction screening for GBS is feasible, though limited financially. In PPROM, up to 42% of GBS isolates demonstrated erythromycin resistance. Evidence around cesarean section antimicrobial prophylaxis largely supports WHO recommendations; however, prolonged or multidrug regimens were reported.ConclusionThere is limited evidence to challenge current WHO recommendations to prevent peripartum infection in LMICs. However, implementation challenges exist. Given the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, research is needed to ensure that peripartum prophylactic antimicrobial choices remain effective.
Positive and negative behavioural intentions towards immigrants: A question of ethnic categorisation or worldview conflict?
Authors: Havermans Willemijn , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: February 2021

Anti‐immigrant attitudes are often explained in terms of ethnic boundaries in which a categorical distinction between the ethnic ingroup and immigrant outgroup is made. However, these attitudes might also result from contrasting cultural worldviews. We examined the importance of ethnic categorisation and perceived cultural worldview difference in explaining behavioural intentions towards immigrants. Using an experimental survey design with a national sample of ethnic Dutch respondents (N = 832), we studied two positive and two negative behavioural intentions towards either immigrants with a contrasting cultural worldview or co‐ethnics with such as worldview. Our findings indicate similar behavioural intentions towards both target groups. Furthermore, except for “the intention to learn” there were no differences in behavioural intentions towards both target groups for respondents with lower and higher authoritarian dispositions. Overall, this pattern of findings is theoretically most in line with a worldview conflict perspective rather than an ethnic boundary perspective.
Tri‐tubular penile fracture: A case of complete rupture of urethra and bilateral corpus cavernosa
Authors: Young Edward , Ashrafi Akbar N , Kahokehr Arman A 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionTri‐tubular penile fracture is a very rare subset of penile fractures, typically due to high‐energy trauma to the erect penis.Case presentationA 26‐year‐old healthy man presents with a triad of audible crack, immediate detumescence, and hematoma formation, following blunt trauma sustained during vaginal sexual intercourse. A diagnosis of penile fracture is made, with intraoperative finding of a complete traumatic transection of the urethra with total bilateral corpus cavernosa disruption. Both corpora cavernosa were repaired using 2/0 polydioxanone sutures, with the dartos fascia placed in between. The urethra was repaired with interrupted 5/0 polyglactin braided absorbable suture. At 5 weeks, patient reported normal erections and sexual activity with no physical or psychological issues. The literature on management was reviewed.ConclusionCurrent evidence of surgical management of tri‐tubular penile fractures remains predominantly expert opinion, due to difficulties of conducting prospective trials for a rare condition.
The Narrative Turn: Interdisciplinary Methods and Perspectives
Authors: Sarah Raine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe narrative turn in the social sciences has affected a variety of disciplines and inspired interest in narrative analysis from a range of methodological perspectives. This article provides an overview of the narrative turn, summarizing historic narrative trends in the social sciences which led to the current interest in narrative analysis across a variety of disciplines. I discuss general concerns of narrative definition, data collection and the researcher's voice in presentation before outlining various frameworks for categorizing approaches to narrative analysis. Examples of a variety of narrative analysis perspectives and methods are provided to support this discussion. While the subjective emphasis of narrative analysis has particular relevance for anthropologists, the strength of the field lies in its ability to bring together perspectives and insights from a wide range of fields.
Concanavalin A induces apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kar Fatih , Kacar Sedat , Hacioglu Ceyhan , Kanbak Gungor , Sahinturk Varol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most common brain tumor. C6 rat glioblastoma cells provide the possibility to the scientist to study brain cancer. Concanavalin A (Con A) has a lot of antitumoral effects, especially over oxidative stress. In the present study, it was aimed to decide the impacts of various doses of Con A on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding cytotoxicity, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. We detected the cytotoxic activity of Con A (from 7.8 to 500 µg/ml) in C6 cells by utilizing 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and determined the toxic concentration of Con A. Once the optimal doses were found, the thiol–disulfide homeostasis, levels of total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS and TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), pro‐inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), apoptotic proteins as cytochrome c (CYCS), and caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Apoptotic and morphological changes in the C6 cells were examined with an inverted microscope and flow cytometry technique. Dose‐dependent Con A triggered oxidative damage in the C6 cells, affecting the inflammatory pathway, so reducing proliferation with apoptotic proteins and morphological changes. But especially, Con A increased disulfide formation by disrupting the thiol/disulfide balance in C6 cells. This study revealed that Con A, known as carbohydrate‐binding protein, generated oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells.
Imino isatin derivatives; synthesis, in silico molecular dynamic study over monoamine oxidase B, ADME prediction, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Ahmadi Samaneh , Azizian Homa , Azizian Javad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) depicts an attractive drug target for the development of neuro protective agents toward the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study involved synthesis, in silico and cytotoxic evaluation of N1‐alkylated‐5‐substituted 3‐imino isatin derivatives with the proposed MAO‐B inhibitory activities. The In silico molecular modeling investigation was performed through the induced fit docking, molecular mechanics‐generalized born surface area, and molecular dynamic method in order to uncover the binding mode interaction and their proposed impact on the active site environment and flexibility. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Compound 3‐Imino‐1‐pentyl indolin‐2‐one (3h) with the highest free binding energy adopts an extended conformation spanning from the flavin ring location to the entrance of the substrate cavity. In this way, Ile199 adopts the “open” conformation so the two separate cavities of MAO‐B active site fused and formed a single‐space, which abled the compound extending to the MAO‐B entrance cavity space. From consideration of the data presented in this paper, we reveal that longer N1‐alkylated‐3‐imino isatin derivative could be proposed as inhibitor that would occupy both cavities of the MAO‐B active site. Furthermore, the mentioned derivatives provided acceptable drug profiling based on in silico ADME calculation and MTT cytotoxicity test evaluation.
Retracted: Problems of the formation of youth changeable personal identity in postmodern conditions
Authors: Maslova Ekaterina S. , Polomoshnov Andrey F. , Gabibov Albert B. , Polomoshnov Platon A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe relevance of the subject matter is connected with the necessity to study the specifics of identification of modern student youth. The purpose of the article is to study modern self‐identity. The leading method for studying this problem is the method of analysing the standard paradigm of the theoretical description of this phenomenon that has developed in the modern scientific discourse. During the study, the authors analyzed the self‐identity structure. Also, were researched. It was concluded that the standard paradigm for the study of mutable identity, without resorting to the deep socioeconomic factors of the modern self‐identity crisis, provides a fragmented, superficial and socio‐abstract picture of variable identity, which, in essence, is a philosophical apology, a mask of identity dehumanization in the postmodern world.