bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MAGENTA model for individual prediction of in-hospital mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation in resource-limited countries: A development study
Authors: Mekanimitdee Prachya , Morasert Thotsaporn , Patumanond Jayanton , Phinyo Phichayut 
Published: August 2021

Background
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a common undesirable event associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several clinical prediction tools for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD have been developed in the past decades. However, some issues concerning the validity and availability of some predictors in the existing models may undermine their clinical applicability in resource-limited clinical settings.

Methods
We developed a multivariable model for predicting in-hospitality from a retrospective cohort of patients admitted with AECOPD to one tertiary care center in Thailand from October 2015 to September 2017. Multivariable logistic regression with fractional polynomial algorithms and cluster variance correction was used for model derivation.

Results
During the study period, 923 admissions from 600 patients with AECOPD were included. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.68 per 100 admission-day. Eleven potential predictors from the univariable analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression. The reduced model, named MAGENTA, incorporated seven final predictors: age, body temperature, mean arterial pressure, the requirement of endotracheal intubation, serum sodium, blood urea nitrogen, and serum albumin. The model discriminative ability based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC) was excellent at 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.77, 0.86), and the calibration was good.

Conclusion
The MAGENTA model consists of seven routinely available clinical predictors upon patient admissions. The model can be used as an assisting tool to aid clinicians in accurate risk stratification and making appropriate decisions to admit patients for intensive care.
Zombie Firms, Corporate Restructuring and Relationship Banking: Credit Guidance as a Key to Tackle Zombie Lending?
Authors: Fischer Felix Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Economists have examined the rise of so-called zombie firms in recent years. Such firms remain in financial distress for a prolonged period while financial creditors keep them alive through continued lending. Based on signaling theory, we investigate zombie firms in the context of corporate restructuring and relationship banking. Combining a theoretical approach with a multiple case study on German medium-sized firms facing private workouts, we derive the following main propositions: (i) Banks face information asymmetry and may have incentives for loan extension (i.e., rescheduled installments and additional collateral) when deciding about restructuring financing. In the case of financing unviable restructuring strategies, this can lead to the emergence of zombie firms. (ii) For this reason and in contrast to recent research, not only weakly capitalized but also healthy banks may face such incentives and might end up in financing zombie firms. (iii) Relationship banking reduces bank information asymmetry. Thus, it may enable banks to detect clients’ distress situations in the early stages and to support resolving them. Hence, guiding and inspecting banks (i.e., credit guidance) to carry out supportive relationship banking might be a key to preventing the emergence of zombie firms. The propositions bear several implications relevant to academic research, bank management and banking regulation.
Die fictio legis Corneliae in P.Berol. 11753 A + 21294 A
Authors: Ma Sánchez-Moreno Ellart Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The discovery of P.Berol. 11753 A and its publication by W. Brashear in 1988 brings several novelties that allow a new reconstruction of the first lines of P.Berol. 21294. The main novelty is that the first part of the text dealt with the fictio legis Corneliae.
Alchemical stanzaic poetry (muwashshaḥ) by Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs (fl. twelfth century)
Authors: Forster Regula 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The twelfth-century alchemist Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs is best known for his collection (dīwān) of alchemical poems entitled Shudhūr al-dhahab (“The Splinters of Gold”). However, he is also credited with other works, including stanzaic poetry (muwashshaḥāt) on alchemy. This paper presents the current state of the scholarship concerning life and works of Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs, and then focuses on three strophic poems attributed to this alchemist. It includes first editions and English translations of all three poems, and argues that at least two of the poems are likely to have been authored by Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs, while one is a literary imitation (muʿāraḍa) and therefore probably not a work of Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs himself. Furthermore, the article discusses the literary features of the poems as well as their historical contexts and their – somewhat limited – reception. This also allows us to think of Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs in a less regional Andalusī-Maghribī context, and consider if he perhaps moved east at some point of his life, which would explain the reception history of his poems, both those included in the dīwān and the muwashshaḥāt.
“Take dragon’s blood and crush it to a fine powder”: recipes in the alchemical composite manuscript MS Gotha orient A. 1162
Authors: Braun Christopher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the Middle Ages, the recipe was of central importance for the safeguarding and transmission of knowledge. This holds true for the scientific traditions of both the East and the West. Recipes have been transmitted in a multitude of manuscripts, either alone or in combination with other recipes and works. This article presents a collection of recipes for the production of inks that have been handed down in an alchemical collective manuscript. The collection also contains a recipe to ward off the pestilence. This combination of alchemy, healing rituals and ink production is more common than one might think. The question arises whether this is due to pure coincidence or whether such collections reflect a literary tradition?
3D Stent Graft Guidance based on Tracking Systems for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Jäckle Sonja , Eixmann Tim , Matysiak Florian , Sieren Malte Maria , Horn Marco , Schulz-Hildebrandt Hinnerk , Hüttmann Gereon , Pätz Torben 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures, the stent graft navigation and implantation is currently performed under a two-dimensional (2D) imaging based guidance requiring X-rays and contrast agent. In this work, a novel 3D stent graft guidance approach based on tracking systems is introduced. A calibration method and the visualization of the stent graft guidance are described. The tracking based stent graft guidance is evaluated by conducting an EVAR procedure on a torso phantom using a stent graft system equipped with an optical fiber and three EM sensors. The physicians were able to navigate the stent graft to the landing zone, and to place and implant it as intended using the introduced guidance. This showed that the application of the stent graft guidance is feasible in a clinical environment and promising for the reduction of radiation and contrast agent.
Slicer-DeepSeg: Open-Source Deep Learning Toolkit for Brain Tumour Segmentation
Authors: Zeineldin Ramy A. , Weimann Pauline , Karar Mohamed E. , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Burgert Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose Computerized medical imaging processing assists neurosurgeons to localize tumours precisely. It plays a key role in recent image-guided neurosurgery. Hence, we developed a new open-source toolkit, namely Slicer-DeepSeg, for efficient and automatic brain tumour segmentation based on deep learning methodologies for aiding clinical brain research. Methods Our developed toolkit consists of three main components. First, Slicer-DeepSeg extends the 3D Slicer application and thus provides support for multiple data input/ output data formats and 3D visualization libraries. Second, Slicer core modules offer powerful image processing and analysis utilities. Third, the Slicer-DeepSeg extension provides a customized GUI for brain tumour segmentation using deep learning-based methods. Results The developed Slicer- DeepSeg was validated using a public dataset of high-grade glioma patients. The results showed that our proposed platform’s performance considerably outperforms other 3D Slicer cloud-based approaches. Conclusions Developed Slicer-DeepSeg allows the development of novel AIassisted medical applications in neurosurgery. Moreover, it can enhance the outcomes of computer-aided diagnosis of brain tumours. Open-source Slicer-DeepSeg is available at github.com/razeineldin/Slicer-DeepSeg.
Electromagnets for an endoscopic anastomosis tool in the colon
Authors: Steger Jana , Zimmermann Anne , Wittenberg Thomas , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The goal of our research work is the development of a novel endoscopic anastomosis device for the colon. One of the main challenges in this context is the application of forces at the endoscope tip to rejoin the two bowel endings. Thus, we focus on a magnetic two-part compression implant approach. The implant halves are detached from the applicator units by means of electromagnets. In this contribution we present the results of our experiments to determine the implant design with special focus on tissue compression forces and the resultant electromagnet dimensioning to estimate size requirements of the application/detachment system. To achieve the targeted compression forces derived from literature, we used cubic N52 magnetized neodymium magnets1 with a side length of 5 mm and mild steel screws. For these magnets, we evaluated a required electromagnetic repulsion force of 4.1 N. For the electromagnetic detachment system this led to the need for 166 windings for the coils on oral side, and 146 windings for the coils at the aboral side. Based on these requirements, a colonoscope diameter (~14 mm) increase of 10.6 mm on the oral side and of 12 mm on the aboral side due to the application device must be assumed. Nevertheless, this diameter still remains within the size range of other colonoscopic tools, such as e.g., circular staplers.
Flexible Facile Tactile Sensor for Smart Vessel Phantoms
Authors: Fischer Nikola , Scheikl Paul , Marzi Christian , Galindo-Blanco Barbara , Kisilenko Anna , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Wagner Martin , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Smart medical phantoms for training and evaluation of endovascular procedures ought to measure impact forces on the vessel walls worth protecting to provide feedback to clinicians and articulated soft robots. Recent commercial smart phantoms are expensive, usually not customizable to different applications and lack accessibility for integrated development. This work investigates piezoresistive films as highly integratable flexible sensors to be used in arbitrary soft vessel phantom anatomies over large surfaces and curved shapes providing quantitative measurement in the force range up to 1 N with 0.1 N resolution. First results show promising performance at the point of calibration and in a 5 mm range around it, with absolute measuring error of 28 mN and a standard deviation of ±10 mN and response times <500 ms. Future work shall address the optimization of response time and sensor shapes as well as the evaluation with experienced clinicians.
Interaction concept and system architecture for the sterile information system OR-Pad in the perioperative area
Authors: Frommer Sina M. , Ryniak Claudia , Junger Denise , Hirt Bernhard , Stenzl Arnulf , Burgert Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Access to clinical information during interventions is an important aspect to support the surgeon and his team in the OR. The OR-Pad research project aims at displaying clinically relevant information close to the patient during surgery. With the OR-Pad system, the surgeon shall be able to access case-specific information, displayed on a sterilepackaged, portable display device. Therefore, information shall be prepared before surgery and also be available afterwards. The project follows an user-centered design process. Within the third iteration, the interaction concept was finalized, resulting in an application that can be used in two modes, mobile and intraoperative, to support the surgeon before/after and during surgery, respectively. By supporting the surgeon perioperatively, it is expected to improve the information situation in the OR and thereby the quality of surgical results. Based on this concept, the system architecture was designed in detail, using a client-server architecture. Components, communication interfaces, exchanged data, and intended standards for data exchange of the OR-Pad system including connecting systems were conceived. Expert interviews by using a clickable prototype were conducted to evaluate the concepts.
Collaborative Robot as Scrub Nurse
Authors: Muralidhar Deutschland , Sirasala Shiva , Jammalamadaka Venkata , Spiller Moritz , Sühn Thomas , Illanes Alfredo , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Under-staffing of nurses is a significant problem in most countries. It is expected to rise in the coming years, making it challenging to perform crucial tasks like assessing a patient's condition, assisting the surgeon in medical procedures, catheterization and Blood Transfusion etc., Automation of some essential tasks would be a viable idea to overcome this shortage of nurses. One such task intended to automate is the role of a 'Scrub Nurse' by using a robotic arm to hand over the surgical instruments. In this project, we propose to use a Collaborative Robotic-arm as a Scrub nurse that can be controlled with voice commands. The robotic arm was programmed to reach the specified position of the instruments placed on the table equipped with a voice recognition module to recognize the requested surgical instrument. When the Surgeon says "Pick Instrument", the arm picks up the instrument from the table and moves it over to the prior defined handover position. The Surgeon can take over the instrument by saying the command "Drop". Safe pathways for automatic movement of arm and handover position will be predefined by the Surgeon manually. This concept was developed considering the convenience of the Surgeon and the patient's safety, tested for collision, noisy environments, positioning failures and accuracy in grasping the instruments. Limitations that need to be considered in future work are the recognition of voice commands which as well as the returning of the instruments by the surgeon in a practical and safe way.
On closed classes in partial k-valued logic that contain all polynomials
Authors: Alekseev Valeriy B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Let Pol

k
be the set of all functions of k-valued logic representable by a polynomial modulo k, and let Int (Pol

k
) be the family of all closed classes (with respect to superposition) in the partial k-valued logic containing Pol

k
and consisting only of functions extendable to some function from Pol

k
. Previously the author showed that if k is the product of two different primes, then the family Int (Pol

k
) consists of 7 closed classes. In this paper, it is proved that if k has at least 3 different prime divisors, then the family Int (Pol

k
) contains an infinitely decreasing (with respect to inclusion) chain of different closed classes.
Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling decreases visfatin-induced invasion in liver cancer cells
Authors: Miethe Candace , Torres Linda , Zamora Megan , Price Ramona S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Visfatin is found in adipose tissue and is referred to as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). Visfatin has anti-apoptotic, proliferative, and metastatic properties and may mediate its effects via ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling. Studies have yet to determine whether inhibition of kinase signaling will suppress visfatin-induced liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine which signaling pathways visfatin may promote liver cancer progression.

Methods
HepG2 and SNU-449 liver cancer cells were exposed to visfatin with or without ERK or PI3K/Akt inhibitor, or both inhibitors combined. These processes that were assessed: proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipogenesis, invasion, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).

Results
Inhibition of PI3K/Akt and combination of inhibitors suppressed visfatin-induced viability. ERK inhibition in HepG2 cells decreased visfatin-induced proliferation. ERK inhibitor alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitors effectively suppressed MMP-9 secretion and invasion in liver cancer cells. PI3K and ERK inhibition and PI3K inhibition alone blocked visfatin’s ROS production in SNU-449 cells. These results corresponded with a decrease in phosphorylated Akt and ERK, β-catenin, and fatty acid synthase.

Conclusions
Akt and ERK inhibition differentially regulated physiological changes in liver cancer cells. Inhibition of Akt and ERK signaling pathways suppressed visfatin-induced invasion, viability, MMP-9 activation, and ROS production.
Effects of boundary walls on the properties of settling spheres
Authors: Haider Sadia , Ullah Atta , Hamid Adnan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Numerical Simulations are performed, using Eulerian two fluid model (TFM) to investigate the effects of solid volume fraction and no-slip side walls on the settling particles. It is found that average settling velocity decreases with increasing volume fraction for both gas-solid (GS) and liquid-solid (LS) systems, in good agreement with the Richardson-Zaki

1
−
ϕ

n

${\left(1-\phi \right)}^{n}$

law. It was also noted that average velocity is independent of the boundary condition for both gas-solid (GS) and liquid-solid (LS) systems. The root mean square value of the solid volume fraction shows the increasing trend with volume fraction, caused by the many particle interactions. Furthermore, no-slip sidewalls were found to damp the velocity fluctuations quantitively, while following the well-known

ϕ

1
/
2

${\phi }^{1/2}$

scaling with volume fraction. Side walls were found to act as kinetic trap for the particles, damping the fluctuation near the walls and plateauing in the mid plane. These simulations showed that the GS system shows the higher solid fraction fluctuations that the LS system at the same Reynolds number, mainly because of the higher collision frequency (higher Stokes number) among the particles.
DFT study of electronic and thermodynamic properties of gold-rich intermetallic compounds, Ce2Au2Cd and CeAu4Cd2
Authors: Sagar Jyoti , Singh Reetu , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Manish P. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gold-rich rare earth intermetallic compounds (viz. Ce2Au2Cd and CeAu4Cd2) show unusual magnetic and physical properties, and they have extensive applications in electronic and mechanical industries due to their good electronic and thermal behavior with high mechanical strength. In the present research article, to take full advantage of technological importance of these materials, we have investigated the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of Ce2Au2Cd and CeAu4Cd2 ternary intermetallic compounds using density functional theory (DFT). The electronic band structure and density of state calculations show that Ce-f orbital electrons provide metallic character to both the compounds with strong hybridization of Au-p and Cd-p orbitals at the Fermi level. The effect of temperature has been studied on the various thermodynamic parameters using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. Thermodynamic properties show that CeAu4Cd2 compound has larger mechanical resistance (or high mechanical strength or hardness) and smaller randomness compared to Ce2Au2Cd with respect to temperature.
Ultrafast all optical XOR gate using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators
Authors: Shamsi Alireza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Optical logic gates can play crucial roles for designing all optical data processing circuits. Photonic crystals are one of the suitable platforms that can be used for designing all optical devices. In this paper an optical XOR gate was designed using nonlinear ring resonators. The proposed structure works are based on threshold switching. The working wavelength and the switching threshold of the resonators are 1550 nm and 1.8 W/μm2, respectively. The rise time is about 1 ps and the ON/OFF contrast ratio is about 16 dB.
Emission characteristics of GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell nanowire-based LEDs with different p-GaN growth conditions
Authors: Katsuro Sae , Lu Weifang , Ito Kazuma , Nakayama Nanami , Sone Naoki , Okuno Koji , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Improving current injection into r- and m-planes of nanowires (NWs) is essential to realizing efficient GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell (MQS) NW-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we present the effects of different p-GaN shell growth conditions on the emission characteristics of MQS NW-LEDs. Firstly, a comparison between cathodoluminescence (CL) and electroluminescence (EL) spectra indicates that the emission in NW-LEDs originates from the top region of the NWs. By growing thick p-GaN shells, the variable emission peak at around 600 nm and degradation of the light output of the NW-LEDs are elaborated, which is attributable to the localization of current in the c-plane region with various In-rich clusters and deep-level defects. Utilizing a high growth rate of p-GaN shell, an increased r-plane and a reduced c-plane region promote the deposition of indium tin oxide layer over the entire NW. Therefore, the current is effectively injected into both the r- and m-planes of the NW structures. Consequently, the light output and EL peak intensity of the NW-LEDs are enhanced by factors of 4.3 and 13.8, respectively, under an injection current of 100 mA. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscope images demonstrate the suppression of dislocations, triangular defects, and stacking faults at the apex of the p-GaN shell with a high growth rate. Therefore, localization of current injection in nonradiative recombination centers near the c-plane was also inhibited. Our results emphasize the possibility of realizing high efficacy in NW-LEDs via optimal p-GaN shell growth conditions, which is quite promising for application in the long-wavelength region.
Neolithization Processes of East Belgium: Supra-Regional Relationships Between Groups Highlighted by Technological Analysis of Lithic Industry
Authors: Denis Solène , Burnez-Lanotte Laurence , Trampota František 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTechnological analysis of variations in blade production and the flow of siliceous raw materials revealed new understandings of different types of socio-economic functioning on a supra-regional scale. In this article, we are focusing on supra-regional relationships between technical groups and the social dynamics involved in early Neolithic mobility within the communities of East Belgium. A detailed technological analysis was done to highlight discrete characteristics that permit the identification of distinct technical groups within the village of Vaux-et-Borset. Four technical groups have been identified in the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain village, whereas two technical groups have been highlighted for the previous Linear Pottery culture (LPC) occupation. The search for the origin of the different technical groups was to understand the micro-processes of Neolithization in East Belgium. A central area with a high-density population during the pioneer LPC colonization, Hesbaye became a peripheral occupation area of the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture. This fringe territory seemed to attract neighbouring communities in different ways. Multidirectional dynamics seems to characterize this small territory leading to the coexistence of a high diversity of technical groups.