bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromium Stable Isotope Panorama of Chondrites and Implications for Earth Early Accretion
Authors: Zhu 朱 Ke 柯 , Moynier Frédéric , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , Davidson Jemma , Schrader Devin L. , Zhu Jian-Ming , Wu Guang-Liang , Schiller Martin , Bizzarro Martin , Becker Harry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigated the stable isotope fractionation of chromium (Cr) for a panorama of chondrites, including EH and EL enstatite chondrites and their chondrules and different phases (by acid leaching). We observed that chondrites have heterogeneous δ
53Cr values (per mil deviation of the 53Cr/52Cr from the NIST SRM 979 standard), which we suggest reflect different physical conditions in the different chondrite accretion regions. Chondrules from a primitive EH3 chondrite (SAH 97096) possess isotopically heavier Cr relative to their host bulk chondrite, which may be caused by Cr evaporation in a reduced chondrule-forming region of the protoplanetary disk. Enstatite chondrites show a range of bulk δ
53Cr values that likely result from variable mixing of isotopically different sulfide-silicate-metal phases. The bulk silicate Earth (δ
53Cr = –0.12 ± 0.02‰, 2SE) has a lighter Cr stable isotope composition compared to the average δ
53Cr value of enstatite chondrites (–0.05 ± 0.02‰, 2SE, when two samples out of 19 are excluded). If the bulk Earth originally had a Cr isotopic composition that was similar to the average enstatite chondrites, this Cr isotope difference may be caused by evaporation under equilibrium conditions from magma oceans on Earth or its planetesimal building blocks, as previously suggested to explain the magnesium and silicon isotope differences between Earth and enstatite chondrites. Alternatively, chemical differences between Earth and enstatite chondrite can result from thermal processes in the solar nebula and the enstatite chondrite-Earth, which would also have changed the Cr isotopic composition of Earth and enstatite chondrite parent body precursors.
Head-to-Toe Measurement of El Gordo: Improved Analysis of the Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102–4915 with New Wide-field Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Data
Authors: Kim Jinhyub , Jee M. James , Hughes John P. , Yoon Mijin , HyeongHan Kim , Menanteau Felipe , Sifón Cristóbal , Hovey Luke , Arunachalam Prasiddha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present an improved weak-lensing (WL) study of the high-z (z = 0.87) merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102–4915 (“El Gordo”) based on new wide-field Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. The new imaging data cover the ∼3.5 × ∼3.5 Mpc region centered on the cluster and enable us to detect WL signals beyond the virial radius, which was not possible in previous studies. We confirm the binary mass structure consisting of the northwestern (NW) and southeastern (SE) subclusters and the ∼2σ dissociation between the SE mass peak and the X-ray cool core. We obtain the mass estimates of the subclusters by simultaneously fitting two Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) halos without employing mass–concentration relations. The masses are

M

200
c

NW

=

9.9

−
2.2

+
2.1

×

1014 and

M

200
c

SE

=

6.5

−
1.4

+
1.9

×

1014
M
⊙ for the NW and SE subclusters, respectively. The mass ratio is consistent with our previous WL study but significantly different from the previous strong-lensing results. This discrepancy is attributed to the use of extrapolation in strong-lensing studies because the SE component possesses a higher concentration. By superposing the two best-fit NFW halos, we determine the total mass of El Gordo to be

M

200
c

=

2.13

−
0.23

+
0.25

×

1015
M
⊙, which is ∼23% lower than our previous WL result [M
200c
= (2.76 ± 0.51) × 1015
M
⊙]. Our updated mass is a more direct measurement, since we are not extrapolating to R
200c
as in all previous studies. The new mass is compatible with the current ΛCDM cosmology.
The MAVERIC Survey: Variable Jet-accretion Coupling in Luminous Accreting Neutron Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Panurach Teresa , Strader Jay , Bahramian Arash , Chomiuk Laura , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Heinke Craig O. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Shishkovsky Laura , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Tremou Evangelia , Tudor Vlad , Urquhart Ryan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accreting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries show outflows—and sometimes jets—in the general manner of accreting black holes. However, the quantitative link between the accretion flow (traced by X-rays) and outflows and/or jets (traced by radio emission) is much less well understood for neutron stars than for black holes, other than the general observation that neutron stars are fainter in the radio at a given X-ray luminosity. We use data from the deep MAVERIC radio continuum survey of Galactic globular clusters for a systematic radio and X-ray study of six luminous (L
X > 1034 erg s−1) persistent neutron star X-ray binaries in our survey, as well as two other transient systems also captured by our data. We find that these neutron star X-ray binaries show an even larger range in radio luminosity than previously observed. In particular, in quiescence at L
X ∼ 3 × 1034 erg s−1, the confirmed neutron star binary GRS 1747–312 in Terzan 6 sits near the upper envelope of the black hole radio/X-ray correlation, and the persistently accreting neutron star systems AC 211 (in M15) and X1850–087 (in NGC 6712) show unusual radio variability and luminous radio emission. We interpret AC 211 as an obscured “Z source” that is accreting at close to the Eddington limit, while the properties of X1850–087 are difficult to explain, and motivate future coordinated radio and X-ray observations. Overall, our results show that neutron stars do not follow a single relation between inflow and outflow, and confirm that their accretion dynamics are more complex than for black holes.
Maximum Absorption of the Global 21 cm Spectrum in the Standard Cosmological Model
Authors: Xu Yidong , Yue Bin , Chen Xuelei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The absorption feature in the global spectrum is likely the first 21 cm observable from the cosmic dawn, which provides valuable insights into the earliest history of structure formation. We run a set of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of early structure formation to assess the effect of nonlinear structure formation on the maximum absorption level (i.e., assuming the spin temperature coupling is saturated) of the global 21 cm spectrum in the standard cosmological framework. We ignore the star formation and feedbacks, which also tend to reduce the absorption signal, but take into account the inevitable nonlinear density fluctuations in the intergalactic medium (IGM), shock-heating, and Compton-heating, which can reduce the absorption level. We found that the combination of these reduced the maximum absorption signal by ∼15% at redshift 17, as compared with the homogeneous or linearly-fluctuating IGM. These effects have to be carefully accounted for when interpreting the observational results, especially when considering the necessity of introducing new physics.
Population Properties of Neutron Stars in the Coalescing Compact Binaries
Authors: Li 李 Yin-Jie 银杰 , Tang 唐 Shao-Peng 少鹏 , Wang 王 Yuan-Zhu 远瞩 , Han 韩 Ming-Zhe 明哲 , Yuan 袁 Qiang 强 , Fan 范 Yi-Zhong 一中 , Wei 韦 Da-Ming 大明 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We perform a hierarchical Bayesian inference to investigate the population properties of the coalescing compact binaries involving at least one neutron star (NS). With the current gravitational-wave (GW) observation data, we can rule out none of the double Gaussian, single Gaussian, and uniform NS mass distribution models, though a specific double Gaussian model inferred from the Galactic NSs is found to be slightly more preferred. The mass distribution of black holes (BHs) in the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) population is found to be similar to that in the Galactic X-ray binaries. Additionally, the ratio of the merger rate densities between NSBHs and BNSs is estimated to be ∼3:7. The spin properties of the binaries, though constrained relatively poorly, play a nontrivial role in reconstructing the mass distribution of NSs and BHs. We find that a perfectly aligned spin distribution can be ruled out, while a purely isotropic distribution of spin orientation is still allowed. To evaluate the feasibility of reliably determining the population properties of NSs in the coalescing compact binaries with upcoming GW observations, we perform simulations with a mock population. We find that with 100 detections (including BNSs and NSBHs) the mass distribution of NSs can be well determined, and the fraction of BNSs can also be accurately estimated.
L'automne de l'Afrique romaine
Authors: Stoehr-Monjou Annick 
Published: December 2021

Dracontius, le poète le plus important d’Afrique vandale, ne décrit pas Carthage - il ne compose pas d’ ekphrasis - mais il évoque bien la cité : la Carthage punique à travers des exempla historiques (Didon, les guerres puniques, les sacrifices d’enfants) ; le paysage urbain de la Carthage vandale à travers des indices épars mentionnant des monuments publics, avec un accent mis sur les remparts ( moenia ). Dracontius en offre une image très différente de celle de poètes plus jeunes que lui de l’ Anthologie Latine (Félix, Florentinus, Luxorius). Ils louent les rois vandales alors que Dracontius oriente son propos pour créer l’image d’une Carthage romaine, qui nie la rupture vandale ; mais cette image n’est pas idéalisée car Dracontius montre aussi un climat de tensions politico-religieuses.
Budgets familiaux et salaires des ouvriers du textile de Barcelone (1856-1917)
Authors: Borderías Cristina 
Published: December 2021

À Barcelone, pendant la première étape de l’industrialisation, la plupart des conflits entre patrons et travailleurs sont en rapport avec l’autonomie des ouvriers qualifiés, menacée par le nouveau système des usines, ou avec les changements dans les politiques de valorisation des rendements. Ces conflits se développent très tôt dans le secteur principal de l’industrialisation : le textile cotonnier et plus particulièrement le filage. Ce sont les ouvriers de ce secteur qui les premiers revendiquent un salaire dit « familial », avant que cette aspiration ne s’étende à toute la classe ouvrière barcelonaise. Nous savons comment les discours sur la capacité des salaires masculins à couvrir seuls la subsistance de la famille se sont progressivement répandus dans d’autres secteurs, avec l’appui des élites intellectuelles krausistes, hygiénistes et catholiques sociales. Mais nous connaissons peu leur portée réelle auprès des classes ouvrières de la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle. Cet article analyse la diffusion de la figure du « gagne-pain » à Barcelone pendant la période 1856-1917, en s’appuyant sur la reconstitution des budgets familiaux des ouvriers du secteur textile, secteur le plus important de l’industrialisation catalane et barcelonaise.
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Origin of Song Ma Village Dogs in Vietnam
Authors: Bui Xuan Phuong , Pham Thanh Hai , Tran Huu Coi , Phung Thanh Tung , Ngo Quang Duc , Dinh The Dung , Dam Quang Toan , Vu Dinh Duy 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Vietnam's Song Ma village dog is a breed of indigenous dog found along the Ma River in Vietnam. They have many excellent traits, like their intelligence, agility, friendliness toward humans, and more importantly, they are very easy to train, and have the instinctive hunting capabilities of their wild canine ancestors. However, the exploration of genetic diversity and the origins of Song Ma village dogs in Vietnam have a serious lack of information. It is very difficult to promote the conservation of these dogs. Therefore, urgently needed in order to uncover and better understand the genetic architecture of Song Ma village dogs.

Methods:
We used 100 blood samples collected in Vietnam to estimate genetic diversity by sequencing the hypervariable-1 region.

Results:
We reported high levels of genetic diversity in the Song Ma village dog (Pi = 0.00912, Hd = 0.969, and Kt = 5.456). A total of 51 different haplotypes were identified in four haplogroups (A, B, C, and E). Furthermore, Song Ma village dogs were discovered in rare groups such as B1, B5, B6, B10, C2, and E1. Notably, no one in the haplogroup has the haplotypes (D and F). There were 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including 48 nucleotide base substitution or insertion changes and six nucleotide indel mutations found in the Song Ma village dog. A phylogenetic tree showed that Song Ma village dogs have a close relationship with dogs that originated from East Asia.

Conclusions:
This study has provided a valuable platform for breeding and conservation and management of the species in Vietnam.
Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Causing Urinary Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Das Sanjeev , Konar Jayashree , Talukdar Manas 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The increasing prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is of particular concern within many institutions because of limited treatment options.

Objective:
The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of VRE amongst the urinary pathogens along with detection of the antimicrobials effective against VRE in vitro.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was performed from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, with 1037 adult patients developing symptoms of UTI. Mid-stream urine was collected in proper aseptic manner for microbiological culture to isolate and identify the bacterial pathogen. Collected urine samples were screened for pus cells and bacteria. This was followed by plating on (basal media), blood agar (enriched media), and MacConkey's agar media (differential and selective media), followed by overnight incubation at 37°C. Species confirmation and minimum inhibitory concentration value determination were done by automation.

Results:
Out of total 1037 collected urine samples, 693 were culture positive for bacterial etiology (66.8%). 457 urine cultures were positive for Enterococcus spp., of which 41 were vancomycin resistant (8.97%). A total of 18 Enterococcus faecalis isolates (4.72%) were vancomycin resistant, whereas significantly higher number of Enterococcus faecium, i.e., 23 isolates (30.26%) were vancomycin resistant (P < 0.01). All of 41 VRE isolates were resistant to ampicillin. No trends were observed for resistance against nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, linezolid, and daptomycin. These remained highly effective against VRE across the study period.

Conclusion:
Since VRE is emerging as a prevalent uropathogen with limited therapeutic options, the use of vancomycin demands judicious administration to treat UTI. Hence, antimicrobial stewardship deserves a crucial role to play.
Gene Expression Analysis to Network Construction for the Identification of Hub Genes Involved in Neurodevelopment
Authors: Yadav Ruchi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Gene expression information can be decoded to identify not only differentially expressed genes but also co-expressed genes that can give insight into protein interaction network. Current research has been done for the prediction of genes associated with Neurodevelopmental process using Microarray data and to construct the network of coexpressed genes and their functional annotation.

Methods:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were exposed with Resveratrol (RV), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and RV+NGF to study the effect of neuroprotective role of RV (Data submitted NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO Series accession number GSE121261). Bioinformatics software's, tools and databases like R and Bioconductor, Affy package, CoExpress 1.0b software, Metascape tool and Gene Ontology database was used prediction and functional enrichment of coexpressed genes. Normalization was done using RMA (Robust Multi-array Average) as implemented in Affy package and co-expressed genes were identified using CoExpress 1.0b with default parameters.

Results:
Co- expression result shows that total 135 genes have same gene expression across microarray chip these genes have function in different biological processes like, developmental processes, MAPK TRK pathway, muscle structure development etc. Total fifteen were identified that have function in nervous system development.

Conclusions:
This study identifies the list of co-expressed that were expressed in neurodevelopmental stage. These genes can be used further as neuronal markers, neuronal injury identification and diagnosis prospective at the developmental stage. Further verification methods are required for these predicted proteins for their applicability in drug development process.
Formulation of New Intelligent Nanoparticle Inhibited H1N1 Influenza Subtype and SARS Coronavirus Type 2 (COVID-19) in vitro
Authors: Shirmohammadi Nima , Khodaee Arefeh , Rahimi Maryam , Vanayi Marzieh , Aghanouri Reza 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Rapid infection of the coronavirus and frequency of the subtypes are the main problems of drug and vaccine intervention during COVID-19 pandemic. New drug discovery to respond these needs, is the goal of study. Hence, considering structural and biological components of SARS-CoV-2, new intelligent particle designed and formulated and several dockings were done as in silico assay.

Methods:
Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by the coprecipitation method, coated and functionalized. Chemical bindings (Fourier transform infrared assay), magnetic behavior (vibrating sample magnetometer assay), morphology (field emission scanning electron microscope assay), and cell toxicity and cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) were checked and confirmed in vitro by exposure of particles to the H1N1 virus laboratory media exposure (BSL2 category).

Results:
Results show drug has ability to reduce more than 4 logarithms in the virus titration, in concentration of 70 μg/ml, so it was proved these nanoparticles could have antiviral effect. Although, because of lack of BSL3 standard laboratory, the antiviral effect on COVID-19 could not be performed on large scale.

Conclusions:
By the way, we concluded that new specific nanoparticles could make a new chance for COVID-19 drug therapy at any subtype exposure.
Impact of 27Gln\Glu Polymorphisms of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene on Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Children Treated with Nebulized Salbutamol
Authors: Abood Haidar A. N. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The β2-adrenergic receptor gene is a typical candidate for the study of genetic polymorphism. Many patients with asthma do not respond to β2-agonist; in addition, a wide interindividual variability in pharmacological response exists, likely because of the interaction between clinical, environmental, and genetic factors.

Methods:
A total of 80 children (55 boys and 25 girls) with mild-moderate acute asthma attacks, ages range between 5 and 18 years, attended the Asthma Clinic at Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children were included in this study. Spirometry (Spirolab III) was used for lung function assessment before and after treatment with nebulized salbutamol, and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of β2-adrenergic receptor gene at nucleic acid 79 (27 amino acid position).

Results:
The effect of treatment with nebulized salbutamol on lung function in asthmatic children having different genotypes of 27Gln\Glu SNP demonstrated that patients having GG and CG genotypes showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEV1% predicted after treatment, while patients having CC genotype showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in FEV1, FVC, and FEV1% predicted after treatment with nebulized salbutamol without significant improvement in FEV1/FVC ratio. Patients having CG genotype of 27Gln\Glu SNP showed highest change (increase) in FEV1 (185.38 ± 174.93 ml) and in FEV1% predicted (14.96 ± 15.45%) after treatment with nebulized salbutamol in comparison with other genotype groups although this change was not statistically significant between groups.

Conclusion:
Asthmatic children having CG and GG genotypes of β2-adrenergic receptor gene (27Gln\Glu) showed better improvement in lung function after treatment with nebulized salbutamol in comparison with those having CC (27Gln\Glu) genotype during mild-to-moderate acute asthma attacks.
Radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss around customized root analog zirconia implants placed in fresh extraction sockets
Authors: Patankar Amod , Kshirsagar Rajesh , Patankar Swapna , Purkayastha Rakhi S , Pawar Sudhir , Nair Krishnanunni 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss around customized root analog zirconia implants placed in fresh extraction sockets using the cone-beam computed tomography at predetermined intervals.

Subjects and Methods:
The present study comprised twenty individuals all above 18 years with at least one tooth indicated for extraction. The twenty participants were considered in a single group who underwent single tooth extraction followed by the placement of root analog zirconia implant after 7 days which was fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology. The participants were evaluated radiographically using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at predetermined intervals: • Within 48 h of implant placement (CBCT I) • At the time of composite crown cementation on zirconia implant after 4 months of placement (CBCT II) • After 4 months of composite crown cementation (CBCT III). The alveolar bone loss was measured on all the four surfaces of the implant. CBCT was used only for the required area so to avoid total radiation exposure to the patient.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The survival of dental implants was computed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The comparison of the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual bone height at 3 different time intervals was analyzed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results:
Radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss around customized root analog zirconia implants placed in fresh extraction sockets in predetermined time interval using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:
An innovative technique for immediate replacement of extracted tooth using customized Zirconia root analog implant was introduced. In future, long-term evaluation with more sample size is necessary to assess the success and survival of implant placed using this technique.