bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the Realm of Comrades? Scattered Thoughts Occasioned by the Centenary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, 1921–2021
Authors: Karl Rebecca E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis brief essay meditates on the advent of the ideal of horizontal social relations, exemplified in the early CCP years in the political term, “comrade” (tongzhi). It takes up Qu Qiubai as exemplary of a Marxist political thinker whose commitments to horizontality/comrade relations can be illustrated through his theories of literature, translation and language. It proposes that despite Xi Jinping's recent rhetorical admonishments to re-activate “comrade” as a political term, it is the LGBTQ community's appropriation of “comrade” in contemporary China that actually holds the potential for a substantive reanimation of the utopian ideals begun a century ago.
Frequency-reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna using metasurface
Authors: Abdalrazik Ahmad , Abdel-Rahman Adel B. , Allam Ahmed , Abo-Zahhad Mohammed , Yoshitomi Kuniaki , Pokharel Ramesh K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a frequency-reconfigurable antenna structure consisting of a dielectric resonator (DR) topped by a superstrate material. Two metasurfaces (MSs) are placed upon the DR and the superstrate, where these two MSs are utilized to synthesize a localized reduction of the dielectric constant of the DR. By placing switches into one of the MSs, the distribution of dielectric constant of the DR can be switched to one of two predefined distributions, which is equivalent to switching the DR length to two different lengths. Consequently, the frequency response of the proposed structure can be tuned to one of two operating bands. The excited modes inside the proposed antenna were obtained analytically and through simulations. Also, the dielectric constant value of substrates topped by MSs was analyzed. The antenna was fabricated and measured, and good agreement between simulation and measurement was attained. The antenna bandwidths are 7–8.1 GHz (14.7%) and 8.5–9.2 GHz (8%) and the gains are 5.1 and 7.8 dB, in the cases of having switches off and on, respectively.
The Global Fingerprint of Modern Ice‐Mass Loss on 3‐D Crustal Motion
Authors: Coulson Sophie , Lubeck Mila , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Powell Evelyn , Davis James L. , Hoggard Mark J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrustal motion generated by rapid ice‐mass loss from Earth's glaciers and ice sheets has previously been considered in Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) analyses and numerical models across regions of ice retreat. However, the fingerprint of ice‐mass loss is not limited to glaciated areas, but is characterized by a global pattern of 3‐D crustal deformation. We compute “far‐field” vertical and horizontal deformation rates that occurred in response to early 21st century mass flux from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets, global glaciers and ice caps, and associated ocean loading. We demonstrate that mass changes in the Greenland Ice Sheet and high latitude glacier systems each generated average crustal motion of 0.1–0.4 mm/yr across much of the Northern Hemisphere, with significant year‐to‐year variability in magnitude and direction. Horizontal motions associated with ice‐mass loss exceed vertical rates in many far‐field areas, and both should be considered in future analysis of GNSS measurements.
Detecting Sub‐Micron Space Weathering Effects in Lunar Grains With Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy
Authors: Utt K. L. , Ogliore R. C. , Bechtel H. A. , Gillis‐Davis J. J. , Jolliff B. L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpace weathering processes induce changes to the physical, chemical, and optical properties of space‐exposed soil grains. For the Moon, space weathering causes reddening, darkening, and diminished contrast in reflectance spectra over visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. The physical and chemical changes responsible for these optical effects occur on scales below the diffraction limit of traditional far‐field spectroscopic techniques. Recently developed super‐resolution spectroscopic techniques provide an opportunity to understand better the optical effects of space weathering on the sub‐micrometer length scale. This paper uses synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy to examine depth‐profile samples from two mature lunar soils in the mid‐infrared, 1,500 –700 cm−1 (6.7–14.3 μm). Our findings are broadly consistent with prior bulk observations and theoretical models of space weathered spectra of lunar materials. These results provide a direct spatial link between the physical/chemical changes in space‐exposed grain surfaces and spectral changes of space weathered bodies.
Elastic organic crystals with ultralong phosphorescence for flexible anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Huang Kaiwei , Song Lulu , Liu Kun , Lv Anqi , Singh Manjeet , Shen Kang , Shen Jing , Wang Jiamin , Wang Hongchen , Shi Huifang , Ma Huili , Gu Mingxing , Sun Gengzhi , Yao Wei , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) crystals have attracted increased attention due to the distinct photophysical property of a long-lived lifetime. However, organic crystals are generally brittle, leading to a serious problem for their application in flexible technology. Herein, we report three types of elastic organic crystals (EOCs) with ultralong phosphorescence via introducing halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I) into π-conjugated phosphorescent molecules. Especially, the crystal containing iodine atoms displayed both excellent elasticity (ε = 3.01%) and high phosphorescent efficiency (ΦPh = 19.1%) owing to the strong halogen bonds. Taking advantage of its highly efficient UOP and excellent elasticity, we successfully used a DCz4I crystal for anti-counterfeiting application. These findings may provide guidance for the development of elastic crystals with afterglow and expand the scope of potential applications on flexible materials.
Advancing improvement in riverine water quality caused a non-native fish species invasion and native fish fauna recovery
Authors: Głowacki Łukasz , Kruk Andrzej , Penczak Tadeusz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of biotic and abiotic drivers that put non-native invasive fishes at a disadvantage to native ones is necessary for suppressing invasions, but the knowledge is scarce, particularly when abiotic changes are fast. In this study, we increased this knowledge by an analysis of the biomass of most harmful Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in a river reviving from biological degradation. The species' invasion followed by the invasion's reversal occurred over only two decades and were documented by frequent monitoring of fish biomass and water quality. An initial moderate improvement in water quality was an environmental filter that enabled Prussian carp’s invasion but prevented the expansion of other species. A later substantial improvement stimulated native species’ colonization of the river, and made one rheophil, ide Leuciscus idus, a significant Prussian carp’s replacer. The redundancy analysis (RDA) of the dependence of changes in the biomass of fish species on water quality factors indicated that Prussian carp and ide responded in a significantly opposite way to changes in water quality in the river over the study period. However, the dependence of Prussian carp biomass on ide biomass, as indicated by regression analysis and analysis of species traits, suggests that the ecomorphological similarity of both species might have produced interference competition that contributed to Prussian carp’s decline.
Local reputation, local selection, and the leading eight norms
Authors: Podder Shirsendu , Righi Simone , Takács Károly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHumans are capable of solving cooperation problems following social norms. Social norms dictate appropriate behaviour and judgement on others in response to their previous actions and reputation. Recently, the so-called leading eight norms have been identified from many potential social norms that can sustain cooperation through a reputation-based indirect reciprocity mechanism. Despite indirect reciprocity being claimed to extend direct reciprocity in larger populations where direct experiences cannot be accumulated, the success of social norms have been analysed in models with global information and evolution. This study is the first to analyse the leading eight norms with local information and evolution. We find that the leading eight are robust against selfish players within most scenarios and can maintain a high level of cooperation also with local information and evolution. In fact, local evolution sustains cooperation under a wider set of conditions than global evolution, while local reputation does not hinder cooperation compared to global reputation. Four of the leading eight norms that do not reward justified defection offer better chances for cooperation with quick evolution, reputation with noise, larger networks, and when unconditional defectors enter the population.
Child-directed speech is optimized for syntax-free semantic inference
Authors: You Guanghao , Bickel Balthasar , Daum Moritz M. , Stoll Sabine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe way infants learn language is a highly complex adaptive behavior. This behavior chiefly relies on the ability to extract information from the speech they hear and combine it with information from the external environment. Most theories assume that this ability critically hinges on the recognition of at least some syntactic structure. Here, we show that child-directed speech allows for semantic inference without relying on explicit structural information. We simulate the process of semantic inference with machine learning applied to large text collections of two different types of speech, child-directed speech versus adult-directed speech. Taking the core meaning of causality as a test case, we find that in child-directed speech causal meaning can be successfully inferred from simple co-occurrences of neighboring words. By contrast, semantic inference in adult-directed speech fundamentally requires additional access to syntactic structure. These results suggest that child-directed speech is ideally shaped for a learner who has not yet mastered syntactic structure.
Association between mortality and highly antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Lakbar Ines , Medam Sophie , Ronflé Romain , Cassir Nadim , Delamarre Louis , Hammad Emmanuelle , Lopez Alexandre , Lepape Alain , Machut Anaïs , Boucekine Mohamed , Zieleskiewicz Laurent , Baumstarck Karine , Savey Anne , Leone Marc ,   REA RAISIN Study Group, Alfandari Serge , Bailly Sébastien , Bajolet Odile , Baldesi Olivier , Berger-Carbonne Anne , Bollaert Pierre-Edouard , Bretonniere Cedric , Chatelet Céline , Corne Philippe , Durand-Joly Isabelle , Friggeri Arnaud , Gasan Gaëlle , Gauzit Rémy , Giard Marine , Landelle Caroline , Lavigne Thierry , Lepelletier Didier , Perrigault Pierre-François , Picos Santiago , Robaux Marie-Aline , Stoeckel Vincent , Timsit Jean-François , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractData on the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and mortality remain scarce, and this relationship needs to be investigated in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to compare the ICU mortality rates between patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia due to highly antimicrobial-resistant (HAMR) bacteria and those with ICU-acquired pneumonia due to non-HAMR bacteria. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study using the French National Surveillance Network for Healthcare Associated Infection in ICUs (“REA-Raisin”) database, gathering data from 200 ICUs from January 2007 to December 2016. We assessed all adult patients who were hospitalized for at least 48 h and presented with ICU-acquired pneumonia caused by S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, or A. baumannii. The association between pneumonia caused by HAMR bacteria and ICU mortality was analyzed using the whole sample and using a 1:2 matched sample. Among the 18,497 patients with at least one documented case of ICU-acquired pneumonia caused by S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, or A. baumannii, 3081 (16.4%) had HAMR bacteria. The HAMR group was associated with increased ICU mortality (40.3% vs. 30%, odds ratio (OR) 95%, CI 1.57 [1.45–1.70], P < 0.001). This association was confirmed in the matched sample (3006 HAMR and 5640 non-HAMR, OR 95%, CI 1.39 [1.27–1.52], P < 0.001) and after adjusting for confounding factors (OR ranged from 1.34 to 1.39, all P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that ICU-acquired pneumonia due to HAMR bacteria is associated with an increased ICU mortality rate, ICU length of stay, and mechanical ventilation duration.
High density mapping guided partial antral ablation for a pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Hwang Chun , Park Hyoung-Seob , Lee Cheol Hyun , Kim In-Cheol , Cho Yun-Kyeong , Chung Jin Wook , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang-Wook , Hur Seung-Ho , Kim Jin Young , Kim Yun Seok , Jang Woo Sung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe muscular discontinuities at the pulmonary vein (PV)–left atrial (LA) junction are known. The high-density mapping may help to find the muscular discontinuity. This study evaluated the efficacy of a partial antral ablation for a pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using high density (HD) mapping. A total of 60 drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing catheter ablation were enrolled. The detailed activation mapping of each PV and LA junction was performed using an HD mapping system, and each PV segment’s activation pattern was classified into a “directly-activated from the LA” or “passively-activated from an adjacent PV segment” pattern. The antral ablations were performed at the directly-activated PV segments only when the PV had “passively-activated segments”. If the PV did not contain passively-activated segments, a circumferential antral ablation was performed on those PVs. A “successful partial antral ablation” was designated if the electrical isolation of targeted PV was achieved by ablation at the directly-activated segments only. If the isolation was not achieved even though all directly-activated segments were ablated, a “failed partial antral ablation” was designated, and then a circumferential ablation was performed. Among 240 PVs, passively-activated segments were observed in 140 (58.3%) PVs. Both inferior PVs had more passively-activated segments than superior PVs, and the posteroinferior segments had the highest proportion of passive activation. The overall rate of successful partial antral ablation was 85%. The atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was observed in 10 patients (16.7%) at 1-year. HD mapping allowed the evaluation of the detailed activation patterns of the PVs, and passively-activated segments may represent muscular discontinuity. Partial antral ablation of directly-activated antral segments only was feasible and effective for a PVI.
A particle swarm optimization approach for predicting the number of COVID-19 deaths
Authors: Haouari Mohamed , Mhiri Mariem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised huge concerns about the prospect of a major health disaster that would result in a huge number of deaths. This anxiety was largely fueled by the fact that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the disease, was so far unknown, and therefore an accurate prediction of the number of deaths was particularly difficult. However, this prediction is of the utmost importance for public health authorities to make the most reliable decisions and establish the necessary precautions to protect people’s lives. In this paper, we present an approach for predicting the number of deaths from COVID-19. This approach requires modeling the number of infected cases using a generalized logistic function and using this function for inferring the number of deaths. An estimate of the parameters of the proposed model is obtained using a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) that requires iteratively solving a quadratic programming problem. In addition to the total number of deaths and number of infected cases, the model enables the estimation of the infection fatality rate (IFR). Furthermore, using some mild assumptions, we derive estimates of the number of active cases. The proposed approach was empirically assessed on official data provided by the State of Qatar. The results of our computational study show a good accuracy of the predicted number of deaths.
Vitamin D suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting the local renin–angiotensin system in the lung
Authors: Chang Jianjun , Nie Hongguang , Ge Xin , Du Jie , Liu Weicheng , Li Xue , Sun Yue , Wei Xinzhi , Xun Zhe , Li Yan Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe disorder leading to progressive and irreversible loss of pulmonary function. In this study we investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of vitamin D using a mouse model of IPF. Lung fibrosis was induced with bleomycin in vitamin D-sufficient and vitamin D-deficient C57BL/6 mice. We found that treatment with active vitamin D analog paricalcitol prevented mouse body weight loss and alleviated lung fibrosis, whereas vitamin D deficiency severely aggravated lung injury. At the molecular level, paricalcitol treatment suppressed the induction of fibrotic inducer TGF-β and extracellular matrix proteins α-SMA, collagen type I and fibronectin in the lung, whereas vitamin D deficiency exacerbated the induction of these proteins. Interestingly, bleomycin treatment activated the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in the lung, manifested by the induction of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II and angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R). Paricalcitol treatment suppressed the induction of these RAS components, whereas vitamin D deficiency enhanced the activation of the lung RAS. We also showed that treatment of bleomycin-induced vitamin D-deficient mice with AT1R antagonist losartan relieved weight loss, substantially ameliorated lung fibrosis and markedly blocked TGF-β induction in the lung. Moreover, we demonstrated that in lung fibroblast cultures, TGF-β and angiotensin II synergistically induced TGF-β, AT1R, α-SMA, collagen type I and fibronectin, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D markedly suppressed the induction of these fibrotic markers. Collectively, these observations strongly suggest that vitamin D mitigates lung fibrosis by blocking the activation of the lung RAS in this mouse model of IPF.
Curvature-dependent shear bond strength of different attachment materials for orthodontic lingual indirect bonding
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Al-Burghol Paul , Rosentritt Martin , Kirschneck Christian , Proff Peter , Paulsen Friedrich , Hammer Christian M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of different attachment materials used for lingual bonding, the influence of artificial aging and the radii of curvature of the enamel surface on SBS, 192 third molars were photographed to determine the radius of curvature of the oral surface. After phosphoric acid etching a cylindrical test piece was bonded to the oral enamel using a mold that was filled with a chemically curing (Maximum Cure, Transbond IDB Premix) or a dual-curing (Nexus NX3, RelyX Unicem2) attachment material. SBS was tested after 24 h, 500 thermal cycles or 90 days at 37 °C with a universal testing machine. Computed tomography scans were performed to determine the bonded surface and calculate SBS. Values ranged from 8.3 to 20.9 MPa. RelyX Unicem2 showed the highest SBS values at baseline, 500 thermal cycles and after 90 days (p < 0.001). Ninety days of wet storage significantly reduced SBS of Maximum Cure (p = 0.028). The radius of curvature correlated positively with SBS (rs = 0.204, p = 0.005). The SBS of all attachment materials was sufficient for clinical use, even after artificial aging. RelyX Unicem2 showed almost twice as high SBS values as the other attachment materials.
A novel approach of fabricating monodispersed spherical MoSiBTiC particles for additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Zhenxing , Guo Suxia , Zhou Weiwei , Nomura Naoyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is very challenging to fabricate spherical refractory material powders for additive manufacturing (AM) because of their high melting points and complex compositions. In this study, a novel technique, freeze-dry pulsated orifice ejection method (FD-POEM), was developed to fabricate spherical MoSiBTiC particles without a melting process. Elemental nanopowders were dispersed in water to prepare a high-concentration slurry, which was subsequently extruded from an orifice by diaphragm vibration and frozen instantly in liquid nitrogen. After a freeze-drying process, spherical composite particles with arbitrary composition ratios were obtained. The FD-POEM particles had a narrow size range and uniform elemental distribution. Mesh structures were formed within the FD-POEM particles, which was attributed to the sublimation of ice crystals. Furthermore, owing to their spherical morphology, the FD-POEM particles had a low avalanche angle of 42.6°, exhibiting good flowability. Consequently, the combination of FD-POEM and additive manufacturing has great potential for developing complex refractory components used in industrial applications.
The brain and its time: intrinsic neural timescales are key for input processing
Authors: Golesorkhi Mehrshad , Gomez-Pilar Javier , Zilio Federico , Berberian Nareg , Wolff Annemarie , Yagoub Mustapha C. E. , Northoff Georg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe process and integrate multiple timescales into one meaningful whole. Recent evidence suggests that the brain displays a complex multiscale temporal organization. Different regions exhibit different timescales as described by the concept of intrinsic neural timescales (INT); however, their function and neural mechanisms remains unclear. We review recent literature on INT and propose that they are key for input processing. Specifically, they are shared across different species, i.e., input sharing. This suggests a role of INT in encoding inputs through matching the inputs’ stochastics with the ongoing temporal statistics of the brain’s neural activity, i.e., input encoding. Following simulation and empirical data, we point out input integration versus segregation and input sampling as key temporal mechanisms of input processing. This deeply grounds the brain within its environmental and evolutionary context. It carries major implications in understanding mental features and psychiatric disorders, as well as going beyond the brain in integrating timescales into artificial intelligence.
Early alterations of large-scale brain networks temporal dynamics in young children with autism
Authors: Bochet Aurélie , Sperdin Holger Franz , Rihs Tonia Anahi , Kojovic Nada , Franchini Martina , Jan Reem Kais , Michel Christoph Martin , Schaer Marie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with disruption of large-scale brain network. Recently, we found that directed functional connectivity alterations of social brain networks are a core component of atypical brain development at early developmental stages in ASD. Here, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks at a subsecond scale in 113 toddlers and preschoolers (66 with ASD) using an EEG microstate approach. We first determined the predominant microstates using established clustering methods. We identified five predominant microstate (labeled as microstate classes A–E) with significant differences in the temporal dynamics of microstate class B between the groups in terms of increased appearance and prolonged duration. Using Markov chains, we found differences in the dynamic syntax between several maps in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers. Finally, exploratory analysis of brain–behavioral relationships within the ASD group suggested that the temporal dynamics of some maps were related to conditions comorbid to ASD during early developmental stages.