bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condensation and evaporation processes during CB chondrite formation: Insights from Ge isotopes and highly siderophile element abundances
Authors: Florin Guillaume , Luais Béatrice , Alard Olivier , Rushmer Tracy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyzed the highly siderophile element (HSE) contents and bulk Ge isotopic compositions of large metal grains in the CB chondrites Bencubbin (CBa), Gujba (CBa), and HaH 237 (CBb). Our results suggest that the large grains were formed by the aggregation of smaller condensed grains, and the two Benccubinite groups are distinguishable based on their bulk metal δ74/70Ge mass‐dependent isotopic values of 0.99 ± 0.30‰ (CBa) and −0.65 ± 0.10‰ (CBb). Based on our observations of these three samples, the isotopic compositions of metal in CBa chondrites are best explained by condensation at slow cooling rates in the center of an impact plume, whereas the metal in CBb chondrites formed under fast cooling rates along the plume edges. We also analyzed the Ge contents and isotopic compositions of the core, intermediate, and rim fractions of two Gujba metal grains, which were separated by sequential digestion. These results show a gradual decrease in δ74/70Ge and [Ge] from core to rim. We suggest that these δ74Ge zonations result from near‐equilibrium condensation and evaporation processes in a heterogeneous plume. We propose a model for their formation in which (1) small grains (to become grain cores) condensed at equilibrium; (2) these grains were transported to a warmer region of the plume where they reached temperatures lower than that of Fe‐Ni condensation, but high enough for the rapid evaporation of Ge; (3) Ge evaporation followed by slow cooling enriched the grains in heavy Ge isotopes and the surrounding gas in light Ge isotopes; and (4) equilibrium recondensation of metal from the gas and around the small grains formed the light Ge isotopic zonations observed in grain rims.
Sensory‐based quantification of male colour patterns in Trinidadian guppies reveals no support for parallel phenotypic evolution in multivariate trait space
Authors: Yong Lengxob , Croft Darren P. , Troscianko Jolyon , Ramnarine Indar W. , Wilson Alastair J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParallel evolution, in which independent populations evolve along similar phenotypic trajectories, offers insights into the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Here, we revisit a classic example of parallelism, that of repeated evolution of brighter males in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). In guppies, colonisation of low predation habitats is associated with emergence of ‘more colourful’ phenotypes since predator‐induced viability selection for crypsis weakens while sexual selection by female preference for conspicuousness remains strong. Our study differs from previous investigations in three respects. First, we adopted a multivariate phenotyping approach to characterise parallelism in multitrait space. Second, we used ecologically‐relevant colour traits defined by the visual systems of the two selective agents (i.e., guppy, predatory cichlid). Third, we estimated population genetic structure to test for adaptive (parallel) evolution against a model of neutral phenotypic divergence. We find strong phenotypic differentiation that is inconsistent with a neutral model but very limited support for the predicted pattern of greater conspicuousness at low predation. Effects of predation regime on each trait were in the expected direction, but weak, largely nonsignificant, and explained little among‐population variation. In multitrait space, phenotypic trajectories of lineages colonising low from high predation regimes were not parallel. Our results are consistent with reduced predation risk facilitating adaptive differentiation, potentially by female choice, but suggest that this proceeds in independent directions of multitrait space across lineages. Pool‐sequencing data also revealed SNPs showing greater differentiation than expected under neutrality, among which some are found in genes contributing to colour pattern variation, presenting opportunities for future genetic study.
Ethnonationalism and White immigration attitudes
Authors: Thompson Jack 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, I explore how much of White Americans' opposition to immigration—opposition that is often grounded in fears of the threat that immigration poses to the robustness of America's national identity—is shaped by ethnonationalism, a set of beliefs concerning which traits are important for being a “true” American. Drawing on data from the 2016 American National Election Studies (ANES), I examine how ethnonationalism shapes White Americans' attitudes towards immigrants. I find that ethnonationalism is positively associated with anti‐immigrant attitudes among Whites, with the effect size of my ethnonationalism measure being larger than that of any other variable in my ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. Critically, this includes a number of variables that are already known to be strongly predictive of White attitudes towards immigration, such as Republican partisanship. Beyond anti‐immigrant attitudes, I also find that ethnonationalism also predicts support for policies that would restriction immigration.
Nurses' resilience in the face of coronavirus (COVID‐19): An international view
Authors: Jo Soojung , Kurt Sule , Bennett Jo Anne , Mayer Kala , Pituch Keenan A. , Simpson Vicki , Skibiski Jeanie , Takagi Etsuko , Karaaslan Mehtap Metin , Ozluk Bilgen , Reifsnider Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to examine factors associated with nurses' resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were collected in the latter half of 2020 from 904 nurses across Japan, Republic of Korea, Republic of Turkey, and the United States. The questionnaire included the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale 10, plus demographics and 20 questions about practice environment, workplace safety concerning infection control, COVID‐related experience, and organizational support. Fear of becoming infected, intention to leave nursing, and having had a positive COVID‐19 test were inversely associated with resilience (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that U.S. nurses had significantly greater resilience than nurses in the other countries examined (p < 0.001). Nurses reporting organization support and those who participated in policy and procedure development had higher resilience scores (p < 0.01). Organizational support, involving nurses in policy development, and country of practice were found to be important resilience factors in our research, which aligns with other findings. Further research is recommended to determine the optimal practice environment to support nurse resilience.
The effects of motivational interviewing on children's body mass index and fat distributions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kao Tsui‐Sui Annie , Ling Jiying , Hawn Rachel , Vu Christina 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCurrently, the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's anthropometric changes remain unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effects of MI on children's anthropometric changes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and body fat percentage [BF%]). We also assessed potential moderators of MI on children's BMI changes. This systematic review searched five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Sciences) from 2005 to 2020 to evaluate the effects of MI interventions that had a comparison group on children's anthropometric change as outcomes (BMI, WC, or BF%). Thirty‐three articles met the inclusion criteria. We performed random‐effects models and exploratory moderation analyses with mixed‐effects models. The pooled effect size of MI was −0.18 (p = 0.002) on BMI, −0.65 (p < 0.001) on WC, and −0.44 (p = 0.005) on children's BF%. The relationship between MI and BMI changes was significantly moderated by the types of intervener (Q = 9.71, p = 0.021) and the existence of supplemental intervention activities (Q = 9.21, p = 0.002). Other potential moderators included children's age, weight status, intervention setting, and targeted behaviors (eating and/or physical activity). Our findings support the effectiveness of MI interventions on improving children's anthropometric outcomes (i.e., BMI, WC, and BF%).
Measuring pain in oncology outpatients: Numeric Rating Scale versus acceptable/non acceptable pain. A prospective single center study
Authors: Willems Aniek Anna Julia Martine , Kudrashou Aliaksandr Fedorovich , Theunissen Maurice , Hoeben Ann , Van den Beuken – Van Everdingen Marieke Henrica Johanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesDuring all stages of oncologic diseases, pain is still a major problem. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is one of the most frequently used tools for pain assessment, although interpretation is difficult. The main objective of this study is to compare two types of pain evaluation scales: NRS versus (non) acceptable pain evaluation scale. The secondary aim is to analyze a 10% sample of patients indicating non acceptable pain more in‐depth.MethodsTo assess the pain evaluation scales, a prospective observational study, with a nested retrospective in‐depth exploration, was conducted. One‐year data of patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the oncology center of a university hospital were used. Besides the pain scores of all patients, a 10% sample of patients indicating non acceptable pain was analyzed more in‐depth.ResultsDuring 1 year, a total of 37,580 patients registered at the outpatient clinic, of whom approximately 10% indicated non acceptable pain. The mean NRS of patients indicating non acceptable pain was 6.5 (n = 2153). For patients indicating acceptable pain, the mean NRS was 1.6 (n = 21,010). Although the presence of pain recorded in the patient record increased substantially over the year, the percentage of reported interventions only slightly increased.ConclusionThe (non) acceptable pain evaluation seems a valuable addition to the NRS for assessing pain among patients with cancer. As interpretation of the NRS appears to be difficult, using the (non) acceptable pain evaluation is recommended. Moreover, creating awareness among specialists to discuss pain has a positive effect on the amount of pain discussed during consultation.
Root angle in maize influences nitrogen capture and is regulated by calcineurin B‐like protein (CBL)‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase 15 (ZmCIPK15)
Authors: Schneider Hannah M. , Lor Vai Sa Nee , Hanlon Meredith T. , Perkins Alden , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Borkar Aditi N. , Bhosale Rahul , Zhang Xia , Rodriguez Jonas , Bucksch Alexander , Bennett Malcolm J. , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrops with reduced nutrient and water requirements are urgently needed in global agriculture. Root growth angle plays an important role in nutrient and water acquisition. A maize diversity panel of 481 genotypes was screened for variation in root angle employing a high‐throughput field phenotyping platform. Genome‐wide association mapping identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with root angle, including one located in the root expressed CBL‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase 15 (ZmCIPK15) gene (LOC100285495). Reverse genetic studies validated the functional importance of ZmCIPK15, causing a approximately 10° change in root angle in specific nodal positions. A steeper root growth angle improved nitrogen capture in silico and in the field. OpenSimRoot simulations predicted at 40 days of growth that this change in angle would improve nitrogen uptake by 11% and plant biomass by 4% in low nitrogen conditions. In field studies under suboptimal N availability, the cipk15 mutant with steeper growth angles had 18% greater shoot biomass and 29% greater shoot nitrogen accumulation compared to the wild type after 70 days of growth. We propose that a steeper root growth angle modulated by ZmCIPK15 will facilitate efforts to develop new crop varieties with optimal root architecture for improved performance under edaphic stress.
Ectopic expression of Torenia fournieri TCP8 and TCP13 alters the leaf and petal phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhou Limeng , Yung Wai‐Shing , Su Wenbing , Huang Mingkun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTeosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are essential for regulating plant developmental processes, which is still largely unknown in Torenia fournieri (T. fournieri), a widely used horticultural flower. In this study, we used a de novo transcriptome assembly method to predict the TCP transcription factors in T. fournieri. In total, 15 out of 21 predicted T. fournieri TCPs (TfTCPs) were isolated and verified with Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 15 TfTCPs could be classified into two major classes. Most of these TfTCPs were expressed in floral buds, flowers, or leaves, suggesting an important role in developmental regulation in these tissues. Moreover, TfTCP8 and TfTCP13, the homologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana TCP5‐like transcription factor, were able to bind to the conserved Class II TCP binding motifs and are localized to the nucleus, indicating that TfTCP8 and TfTCP13 act as transcriptional regulators. In agreement with the overexpression phenotype of AtTCP5, ectopic expression of TfTCP8 and TfTCP13 resulted in narrow leaves and the small petal phenotype in Arabidopsis, suggesting that these two TfTCPs potentially regulate leaf or flower shape in T. fournieri.
Efficiency of three boar sperm enrichment techniques
Authors: Basioura Athina , Tsousis Georgios , Boscos Constantin M. , Tsakmakidis Ioannis A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the efficiency of three enrichment methods to separate boar spermatozoa. Twenty‐four ejaculates from 12 boars (2 ejaculates/boar) were extended (30 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) in commercial Beltsville Thawing Solution. Each semen sample was processed with glass wool column (GW) and glass beads (GB) filtration and with the single‐layer centrifugation (SLC) technique. Semen samples before (control; C) and after treatment were evaluated for sperm CASA motility/kinetics and concentration, viability, morphology and chromatin integrity. Data were analysed with mixed models. The concentration of total and motile spermatozoa was significantly decreased after treatment in groups GW and SLC, but not in group GB. Group GW showed increased values of WOB compared with both groups C and GB. Group GB showed greater values of rapid movement spermatozoa and lower values of slow movement spermatozoa compared with group C. In group SLC, higher values of VSL, LIN and STR were observed compared with group C. In conclusion, all techniques under examination enhanced various CASA variables. Based on our results, the GB method is a promising alternative separation technique for boar sperm and deserves further research regarding swine in vitro fertilization.
Effects of range of motion on resistance training adaptations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pallarés Jesús G. , Hernández‐Belmonte Alejandro , Martínez‐Cava Alejandro , Vetrovsky Tomas , Steffl Michal , Courel‐Ibáñez Javier 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNowadays, there is a lack of consensus and high controversy about the most effective range of motion (ROM) to minimize the risk of injury and maximize the resistance training adaptations.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the scientific evidence examining the effects of full and partial ROM resistance training interventions on neuromuscular, functional, and structural adaptations.MethodsThe original protocol (CRD42020160976) was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles from the earliest record up to and including March 2021. The RoB 2 and GRADE tools were used to judge the level of bias and quality of evidence. Meta‐analyses were performed using robust variance estimation with small‐sample corrections.ResultsSixteen studies were finally included in the systematic review and meta‐analyses. Full ROM training produced significantly greater adaptations than partial ROM on muscle strength (ES = 0.56,p = 0.004) and lower‐limb hypertrophy (ES = 0.88,p = 0.027). Furthermore, although not statistically significant, changes in functional performance were maximized by the full ROM training (ES = 0.44,p = 0.186). Finally, no significant superiority of either ROM was found to produce changes in muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length (ES = 0.28,p = 0.226).ConclusionFull ROM resistance training is more effective than partial ROM to maximize muscle strength and lower‐limb muscle hypertrophy. Likewise, functional performance appears to be favored by the use of full ROM exercises. On the contrary, there are no large differences between the full and partial ROM interventions to generate changes in muscle architecture.
A classroom‐ready activity on educational disparities in the United States
Authors: Wilson Melody , Ross Andrew , Casey Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a classroom‐ready activity for high school or college students involving an investigation of a rich, multivariate data set concerning educational and demographic characteristics of K‐12 schools at the state level in the United States. The data set includes educational characteristics such as per‐pupil revenue and graduation rate along with demographic characteristics such as poverty rate and economic segregation. Analysis of the data set sparks conversations regarding educational disparities for students in the United States and could prompt curiosity about educational disparities in other locations as well.
Some teaching resources using R with illustrative examples exploring COVID‐19 data
Authors: Berg Arthur , Hawila Nour 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article is presented in two parts: in the first part we discuss the use of R and R‐related tools when implementing a data science curriculum in the classroom and direct readers to helpful R resources in education, and in the second part, we demonstrate the use of R in exploring COVID‐19 data. In particular, we explore ethnic/racial distributions and COVID‐19 death rates. Supplementary R markdown files are also included allowing all graphics to be easily reproduced. It is advised that this article be discussed with sensitivity and mindfulness to potentially vulnerable students, especially as there may be students who have lost relatives due to the COVID‐19 virus.
What to consider when we consider data
Authors: Rubin Andee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe data sets used in statistics education have changed over time, from mathematically “well‐behaved” ones that facilitated computation, to more context‐rich sources and now, with the increasing influence of data science practices, to “found” data, often from open data sites. As data sources change, it is important for educators to take a fresh look at the ways we engage students in thinking about the processes that generated the data they encounter. The use of already collected data requires particular attention because many of the decisions that went into the processes of obtaining the data are hidden. Students need to learn to ask “Who, When, How, Where, and Why?” data were collected and to wonder if the data really measure what needs to be measured. Our advocacy in this paper is to deepen the educational treatment of data production to better reflect the current and future practice of statistics and data science.
Approaches to Indigenous health within interprofessional education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mathur Salina , Aydin Cara , Langlois Sylvia , Sangrar Ruheena 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This scoping review will explore the depth, breadth, and nature of existing literature on educational approaches to Indigenous health within interprofessional education learning activities, and provide a summary of available literature, identify gaps in the research, and recommend areas for further exploration.

Introduction:
Interprofessional education learning activities comprise sessions where health care learners work collaboratively to address and improve the health outcomes of a given population, such as health needs among Indigenous communities. A preliminary search for existing reviews was conducted across several databases. Published literature on Indigenous health within interprofessional education learning activities exists; however, there is no comprehensive review on this topic.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider literature on existing educational approaches to Indigenous health within interprofessional education learning activities, in particular the approaches used to teach cultural awareness, sensitivity, competency, safety, and/or humility. It will consider all forms of English-language evidence, including quantitative studies, qualitative studies, mixed-method studies, and gray literature. Participants include health care and social care professionals, educators, and students within interprofessional education learning activities.

Methods:
The JBI scoping review methodology will be used to guide our research. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, ProQuest ASSIA, Indigenous Studies Portal, and ERIC. We will also hand search reference lists and explore gray literature. Two reviewers will screen the search results and extract included studies using data extraction forms. The data will be presented in summary tables and a narrative summary.
Stress-Concentration Phenomena in Fatigue of Metals
Authors: Peterson R. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper consists of two parts: (I) General Considerations, which is a brief review of available data on the effect of holes, fillets, grooves, etc., on endurance strength; and (II) Some Observations Concerning Fatigue Fractures, wherein notes on crack propagation as related to stress-concentration phenomena are presented.
Bayesian Inference Calibration of Building Energy Models for Arid Weather
Authors: Hou Danlin , Hassan Ibrahim Galal , Wang Liangzhu (Leon) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The building sector accounts for nearly 40% of global energy consumption and plays a critical role in societal energy security and sustainability. A building energy model (BEM) simulates complex building physics and provides insights into various energy-saving measures’ performance. The analysis based on BEMs has become an essential approach to slowing down increasing building energy consumption. The reliability and accuracy of BEMs have a high impact on decision-making. However, how to calibrate a building energy model has remained a challenge. In this study, Bayesian inference was applied to the calibration of an office building model under the arid weather conditions of Doha, Qatar. The coefficient of variation with a root-mean-square error of calibration and validation are 1.1% and 1.5%, respectively, which is highly satisfied with the monthly calibration tolerance of 15% required by ASHRAE Guideline 14. Additionally, the calibrated parameter results are with probabilities and degrees of confidence, so they are more reasonable and comprehensive than traditional deterministic calibration methods. This study conducted a sensitivity analysis to select the model’s dominant parameters under hot/arid weather conditions. This study will be among the first studies of stochastic calibration based on Bayesian inference for building energy performances in arid weather.