bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Indonesian In-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Perception and Attitude Toward STEAM Education
Authors: Ishartono Naufal , Sutama  , Prayitno Harun Joko , Irfan Muhammad , Waluyo Mohamad , Sufahani Suliadi Firdaus Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To face the global challenge, people need to master mathematics comprehensively which one of the ways is to integrate it with other fields such as science, technology, engineering and arts. Therefore, the implementation of STEAM Education approach is considered to be essential for in-service mathematics teachers especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of Indonesian in-service mathematics teachers towards the application of STEAM-based education in the teaching mathematics. Cross-sectional survey was used in this study engaging 110 respondents along the survey. The result was that STEAM Education is nor well-known by the majority of the respondents. For the perception, those who knew STEAM Education mostly believed that each topic of this approach was connected to each other, otherwise for those who did not know STEAM Education mostly said that each topic was stand alone. As for the attitude of respondents also divided into two, the first group of respondents stated that STEAM Education will be increasingly popular in the future and they will feel happy if teaching mathematics with STEAM Education. Whereas the second group of respondents looked more pessimistically related to projections of future application of STEAM Education that would be less popular, not to mention that they would feel unexcited to teach mathematics with the STEAM Education approach.
Development of the assessment model based on order thinking skills (HOTS) to measure students’ critical thinking
Authors: Seyaningsih Nining , Sari Widya Ayu Kurnia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to develop the assessment model based on HOTS to measure students’ critical thinking. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method. The instruments used in this study were assessment instruments and validation sheets of media and material experts. The characteristics of this study are the assessment instruments that measure the ability of students to solve problems that require high-level thinking skills and critical thinking. The subjects of this research are grade 8 students of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. The results showed that the assessment model developed was included in the good category used for the learning process. This is shown, the results of the validation of the material experts obtained percentage of the aspects of feasibility content is 0,92, percentage of the aspects of feasibility of construction is 0,82 and percentage of te aspects of language worthiness is 0.82. The results of the validation of the media experts showed a mean score of 3.6. The characteristics of instruments regarding distinguishing features and difficulty levels indicate the percentage of 0.39 and 0.49. Based on the results of student work using the HOTS-based assessment model in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta shows that the ability critical thinking is still in the good enough category.
Junior high school students’ mathematical connection: a comparative study of children who have reflective and impulsive cognitive styles
Authors: Warli  , Nofitasari Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mathematical connections are the link between mathematical topics and mathematics, with other disciplines and to the real world or in daily life. The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical connection ability of junior high school children who have impulsive and reflective cognitive styles. To achieve that objective, comparative research is done both qualitatively and quantitatively between reflective and impulsive students. The research subjects were students of SMP Negeri 1 Palang who had impulsive and reflective cognitive styles. To measure impulsive and reflective cognitive styles the MFFT (Matching Familiar Figures Test) instrument is used. The mathematical connection instrument is a mathematical connection test while exploring the mathematical connection skills used by task-based interviews. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, it was concluded that reflective students can recognize and use the relationship between ideas in mathematics better than impulsive students. Reflective students are also able to show quite well how mathematical ideas are interconnected and build on each other to produce a coherent whole, but impulsive students are less able. On indicators of recognizing and applying mathematics in contexts outside mathematics, both reflective and impulsive children have the same difficulty. The results of the statistical analysis of the mathematical connection score, there were no significant differences between reflective and impulsive students.
Varying coefficient model of longitudinal data of dengue fever in Bandung city
Authors: Tantular Bertho , Andriyana Yudhie , Ruchjana Budi Nurani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Studies on infectious diseases, especially those transmitted through intermediaries such as dengue fever, are sometimes seen as growth patterns over time. The measurement is repeated over time and hence we have a longitudinal data structure. We are interested in analyzing factors that influencing the dengue fever rate. A Modelling technique is used to determine the effects of covariates, but there are variable where the effects of covariates may also change over time when the effects of covariates change over time. Varying coefficient model is an alternative to model such situation to determine these effects. In general, the model will form a pattern, both linear and non-linear. As the objective function, we propose to use a P-Splines Quantile Objective function such that a flexible dengue pattern can be developed. The proposed technique will be implemented to dengue fever cases in Bandung City. The density of Bandung City is a factor that causes the spread of infectious diseases. In addition, various risk factors for the spread of dengue cases in Bandung are also taken into account, such as rainfall, temperature or temperature and humidity. Another factor that can be a covariate is the lifestyle factor of the people of Bandung, such as clean and healthy living behaviour and healthy house. The result shows existence of a nonlinear pattern, and the fluctuations in the incident value that changes over time. There are changes in the values of the intercept and slope coefficients over time for each level of the quantile.
Analysis of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit Using Orthogonal Bases on Digital Image
Authors: Imaduddin Muhammad , Farikhin  , Hariyanto Susilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop an image processing technique that is developed to build any image into the original image, with high image quality and small storage space. The image to be used is in the form of an RGB image which is then processed into a binary image to be represented in the form of a matrix. In addition, we also corrected Compression Sensing to reduce the image sampling rate and improve the accuracy of image reconstruction. In this study, the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm was used for the image reconstruction process. While the bases used in the image reconstruction process using the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) Algorithm are the bases of Haar, Hadamard, and Walsh. The results of the research after reconstruction are that the results of high quality images are obtained, but have less storage space, have good MSE and PSNR values and require a short time during reconstruction.
Application of Robust Principal Component Analysis for Gross Regional Domestic Product of Provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Sanusi Ratna Nur Mustika , Saputro D R S , Setiyowati R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Problems in the macroeconomy that are often faced by various countries are economic growth that is not on target yet. One indicator of economic growth is the value of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The GRDP value can be predicted with a multivariate linear regression model. Multivariate linear regression will depend on the assumption of homogeneity and non-multicollinearity. In this research, a GRDP regression model was constructed based on expenditure data current prices in Indonesia and the factors that influence it. The results of the GRDP data exploration and the factors that influence are outliers data and multicollinearity occurs. So that not only a multivariate linear regression model is needed, but also a multivariate linear regression model that is robust to outliers is a robust principal component analysis (RPCA) method. This RPCA method will reduce the dimensions while overcoming the existence of outliers data. Thus, the purpose of this research is to determine the regression model with the RPCA method with robust estimation is the estimated minimum covariant determinant (MCD). The dependent variable used is the GDP of expenditure at current prices in Indonesia in 2018 and the independent variable is net export (X1), inventory change (X2), gross domestic fixed capital formation (X3), government consumption expenditure (X4), expenditure household non-profit consumption (X5), and consumption expenditure household (X6). The results show model which is constructed the GDP prediction is only affected by gross domestic fixed capital formation that is Ŷi
= 0.657 + 3.068Wi1
with R2 = 85%
Prediction of Inflation Rate in Indonesia Using Local Polynomial Estimator for Time Series Data
Authors: Fibriyani Vita , Chamidah N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inflation prediction is needed to determine strategies and policies to control a country’s economic stability. Inflation is one of the important macroeconomic indicators. Fluctuating inflation rates can disrupt a country’s economy, so this is a particular concern. In this paper, inflation prediction was carried out through two approaches: the parametric regression model approach based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and the nonparametric regression approach based on the local polynomial estimator. The model’s accuracy is determined based on prediction results using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)value. We obtained a MAPE value of 9.0% for the ARIMA model approach and MAPE values of 4.0% and 1.778% for first and second orders, respectively, of local polynomial nonparametric regression model approach. It means that the best model for predicting Indonesia’s inflation rate is the second order of local polynomial nonparametric regression model because it has the smallest MAPE value.
Growth of 300-nm-thick epitaxial AlInN films on a semi-relaxed c-plane GaInN template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Miyoshi Makoto , Yamanaka Mizuki , Egawa Takashi , Okada Narihito , Tadatomo Kazuyuki , Takeuchi Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of approximately 300-nm thick epitaxial AlInN films with different alloy compositions was performed using a semi-relaxed c-plane GaInN template as an underlying substrate. The GaInN template consisted of a Ga0.98In0.02N film on a facet-structured GaN film formed on a c-plane sapphire substrate by the epitaxial lateral overgrowth technique, and its surface was treated with the chemical-mechanical polishing. It was observed that an Al0.835In0.165N film grown with an in-plane tensile strain exhibited a relatively smooth surface whereas an Al0.781In0.219N film grown with an in-plane compressive strain exhibited a granular morphology owing to a columnar polycrystalline structure. This phenomenon was quite similar to that observed for AlInN films grown non GaN/sapphire templates (GaN templates); therefore, it was speculated that the microstructure variation might have been caused by the in-plane compressive strain generated in AlInN films on the GaInN template in the same way as on GaN templates or FS-GaN substrates.
Evaluating the plasmon-exciton interaction in ZnO tetrapods coupled with gold nanostructures by nanoscale cathodoluminescence
Authors: Villani M , Rossi F , Calestani D , Salviati G , Fabbri F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlasmon-exciton coupling is gaining increasing interest for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic, photonic and photo-catalytic devices. Herein we evaluate the interaction of excitons in zinc oxide tetrapods with surface plasmons of gold nanostructures with different morphologies. The gold nanostructures are grownin situon ZnO tetrapods by means of a photochemical process, resulting in clean interfaces. The modification of the synthesis parameters results in different morphologies, as isolated nanoparticles, nano-domes or nanoparticles aggregates. Plasmon-exciton interaction is evaluated by means of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and mapping at the nanoscale. The ZnO excitonic emission is strongly blue-shifted and broadened in close proximity of the gold nanostructures. This effect is explained by the formation of a Schottky barrier that is strongly mediated by the morphology of metal nanostructures.
Carbohydrate storage in herbs: the forgotten functional dimension of the plant economic spectrum
Authors: Lubbe F Curtis , Klimeš Adam , Doležal Jiří , Jandová Veronika , Mudrák Ondřej , Janeček Štěpán , Bartušková Alena , Klimešová Jitka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough the plant economic spectrum seeks to explain resource allocation strategies, carbohydrate storage is often omitted. Belowground storage organs are the centre of herb perennation, yet little is known about the role of their turnover, anatomy and carbohydrate storage in relation to the aboveground economic spectrum.MethodsWe collected aboveground traits associated with the economic spectrum, storage organ turnover traits, storage organ inner structure traits and storage carbohydrate concentrations for ~80 temperate meadow species.Key ResultsThe suites of belowground traits were largely independent of one another, but there was significant correlation of the aboveground traits with both inner structure and storage carbohydrates. Anatomical traits diverged according to leaf nitrogen concentration on the one hand and vessel area and dry matter content on the other; carbohydrates separated along gradients of leaf nitrogen concentration and plant height.ConclusionsContrary to our expectations, aboveground traits and not storage organ turnover were correlated with anatomy and storage carbohydrates. Belowground traits associated with the aboveground economic spectrum also did not fall clearly within the fast–slow economic continuum, thus indicating the presence of a more complicated economic space. Our study implies that the generally overlooked role of storage within the plant economic spectrum represents an important dimension of plant strategy.
Surface-in pathology in multiple sclerosis: a new view on pathogenesis?
Authors: Pardini Matteo , Brown J William L , Magliozzi Roberta , Reynolds Richard , Chard Declan T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While multiple sclerosis can affect any part of the CNS, it does not do so evenly. In white matter it has long been recognized that lesions tend to occur around the ventricles, and grey matter lesions mainly accrue in the outermost (subpial) cortex. In cortical grey matter, neuronal loss is greater in the outermost layers. This cortical gradient has been replicated in vivo with magnetization transfer ratio and similar gradients in grey and white matter magnetization transfer ratio are seen around the ventricles, with the most severe abnormalities abutting the ventricular surface. The cause of these gradients remains uncertain, though soluble factors released from meningeal inflammation into the CSF has the most supporting evidence. In this Update, we review this ‘surface-in’ spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis abnormalities and consider the implications for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and treatments designed to slow or stop them.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging towards clinical application in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Granziera Cristina , Wuerfel Jens , Barkhof Frederik , Calabrese Massimiliano , De Stefano Nicola , Enzinger Christian , Evangelou Nikos , Filippi Massimo , Geurts Jeroen J G , Reich Daniel S , Rocca Maria A , Ropele Stefan , Rovira Àlex , Sati Pascal , Toosy Ahmed T , Vrenken Hugo , Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia A M , Kappos Ludwig ,   the MAGNIMS Study Group, Barkhof F , de Stefano N , Sastre-Garriga J , Ciccarelli O , Enzinger C , Filippi M , Gasperini Claudio , Kappos L , Palace J , Vrenken H , Rovira À , Rocca M A , Yousry T 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuantitative MRI provides biophysical measures of the microstructural integrity of the CNS, which can be compared across CNS regions, patients, and centres. In patients with multiple sclerosis, quantitative MRI techniques such as relaxometry, myelin imaging, magnetization transfer, diffusion MRI, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and perfusion MRI, complement conventional MRI techniques by providing insight into disease mechanisms. These include: (i) presence and extent of diffuse damage in CNS tissue outside lesions (normal-appearing tissue); (ii) heterogeneity of damage and repair in focal lesions; and (iii) specific damage to CNS tissue components. This review summarizes recent technical advances in quantitative MRI, existing pathological validation of quantitative MRI techniques, and emerging applications of quantitative MRI to patients with multiple sclerosis in both research and clinical settings. The current level of clinical maturity of each quantitative MRI technique, especially regarding its integration into clinical routine, is discussed. We aim to provide a better understanding of how quantitative MRI may help clinical practice by improving stratification of patients with multiple sclerosis, and assessment of disease progression, and evaluation of treatment response.
Resting-state connectivity within the brain’s reward system predicts weight loss and correlates with leptin
Authors: Schmidt Liane , Medawar Evelyn , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Genser Laurent , Poitou Christine , Clément Karine , Plassmann Hilke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Weight gain is often associated with the pleasure of eating food rich in calories. This idea is based on the findings that people with obesity showed increased neural activity in the reward and motivation systems of the brain in response to food cues. Such correlations, however, overlook the possibility that obesity may be associated with a metabolic state that impacts the functioning of reward and motivation systems, which in turn could be linked to reactivity to food and eating behaviour and weight gain. In a study involving 44 female participants [14 patients with obesity, aged 20–63 years (mean: 42, SEM: 3.2 years), and 30 matched lean controls, aged 22–60 years (mean: 37, SEM: 1.8 years)], we investigated how ventromedial prefrontal cortex seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity distinguished between lean and obese participants at baseline. We used the results of this first step of our analyses to examine whether changes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity over 8 months could formally predict weight gain or loss. It is important to note that participants with obesity underwent bariatric surgery at the beginning of our investigation period. We found that ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity and ventromedial–dorsolateral prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity were sensitive to obesity at baseline. However, only the ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity predicted weight changes over time using cross-validation, out-of-sample prediction analysis. Such an out-of-sample prediction analysis uses the data of all participants of a training set to predict the actually observed data in one independent participant in the hold-out validation sample and is then repeated for all participants. In seeking to explain the reason why ventromedial pre-frontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity as the central hub of the brain’s reward and motivational system may predict weight change over time, we linked weight loss surgery-induced changes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity to surgery-induced changes in homeostatic hormone regulation. More specifically, we focussed on changes in fasting state systemic leptin, a homeostatic hormone signalling satiety, and inhibiting reward-related dopamine signalling. We found that the surgery-induced increase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex–ventral striatum resting-state connectivity was correlated with a decrease in fasting-state systemic leptin. These findings establish the first link between individual differences in brain connectivity in reward circuits in a more tonic state at rest, weight change over time and homeostatic hormone regulation.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Setting-specific Transmission Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Thompson Hayley A , Mousa Andria , Dighe Amy , Fu Han , Arnedo-Pena Alberto , Barrett Peter , Bellido-Blasco Juan , Bi Qifang , Caputi Antonio , Chaw Liling , De Maria Luigi , Hoffmann Matthias , Mahapure Kiran , Ng Kangqi , Raghuram Jagadesan , Singh Gurpreet , Soman Biju , Soriano Vicente , Valent Francesca , Vimercati Luigi , Wee Liang En , Wong Justin , Ghani Azra C , Ferguson Neil M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the drivers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is crucial for control policies, but evidence of transmission rates in different settings remains limited.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to estimate secondary attack rates (SARs) and observed reproduction numbers (Robs) in different settings exploring differences by age, symptom status, and duration of exposure. To account for additional study heterogeneity, we employed a beta-binomial model to pool SARs across studies and a negative-binomial model to estimate Robs.ResultsHouseholds showed the highest transmission rates, with a pooled SAR of 21.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:17.4–24.8). SARs were significantly higher where the duration of household exposure exceeded 5 days compared with exposure of ≤5 days. SARs related to contacts at social events with family and friends were higher than those for low-risk casual contacts (5.9% vs 1.2%). Estimates of SARs and Robs for asymptomatic index cases were approximately one-seventh, and for presymptomatic two-thirds of those for symptomatic index cases. We found some evidence for reduced transmission potential both from and to individuals younger than 20 years of age in the household context, which is more limited when examining all settings.ConclusionsOur results suggest that exposure in settings with familiar contacts increases SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential. Additionally, the differences observed in transmissibility by index case symptom status and duration of exposure have important implications for control strategies, such as contact tracing, testing, and rapid isolation of cases. There were limited data to explore transmission patterns in workplaces, schools, and care homes, highlighting the need for further research in such settings.