bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of thermoplastic cellulose esters matrix composites with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties by embedding hydrophobic magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Zhang Wuxiang , Zhou Nan , Zhang Yanjuan , Huang Zuqiang , Hu Huayu , Liang Jing , Qin Yuben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiomass‐based composites with renewability and biodegradability have attracted extensive researches, but their applications are hindered by poor mechanical properties and flame retardancy. Cellulose ester matrix composites (CEMC), a kind of biomass‐based composites, were prepared with inorganic crystals as flame retardant and reinforcement. Cellulose acetate oleate (CAO) prepared by mechanical activation‐assisted solid‐phase reaction was used as thermoplastic matrix. Hydrophobic oleate‐magnesium hydroxide (O‐MH), which was surface‐modified with oleic acid, was embedded into CAO to prepare O‐MH/CAO composites by hot pressing. The introduction of oleoyl contributed to favorable thermoplasticity of cellulose ester, resulting in enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of CEMC. The uniform dispersion of O‐MH in the CAO matrix via metal–organic coordination increased the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of O‐MH/CAO composites, ascribing to the toughening effect and combustion inhibition effect induced by O‐MH. This study provides a feasible technology for fabricating the CEMC with outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties.
UV/enzyme dual responsive photosensitizer‐loaded 4‐(Phenylazo)benzoic Acid‐mPEG nanosystem for enhanced photodynamic insecticide efficacy
Authors: Jiang Mengqing , Yin Yihua , Cai Weiquan , Zhang Jingli , Fan Lihong , Yi Ying , Dai Yue , Zhou Ting , Liu Jinsheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve photostability and enhance utilization rate and reduce pest resistance, a new strategy based on the combination of photodynamic insecticide action and stimulus‐responsive polymer micelles is developed. 4‐(phenylazo)benzoic acid (PBA)‐modified poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG) conjugate is prepared by the esterification reaction of mPEG and PBA, and followed by self‐assembly in aqueous solution to obtain polymeric nanoparticles. TEM shows that the nanoparticles have a core‐shell structure and an average diameter of 78 nm. DLS shows that the nanoparticles are stability in water solution but can change their structure in response to UV light and/or esterase stimulation. The photodegradation of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) encapsulated in the nanoparticles can be effectively inhibited because of aggregation‐caused quenching effect, whose maximum photodegradation rate is about 20.54% after 8 h exposure to daylight compared with the complete photodegradation of free PpIX. UV light and/or esterase stimulus can trigger PpIX release and result in a high photodynamic activity. Compared with free PpIX, the PpIX‐loaded nanoparticles show a higher phototoxicity to insect cells and the daylight pretreatment has little influence on the phototoxicity.
Biochemically identified neuropeptides in a caddisfly (Trichoptera) and a pygmy mole cricket (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tridactyloidea)
Authors: Gäde Gerd , Šimek Petr , Marco Heather G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne representative of the order Trichoptera, namely the caddisfly Chaetopteryx villosa, was investigated along with the pygmy mole cricket Xya capensis which is a representative of the most basal superfamily of the caeliferan Orthoptera, that is, the Tridactyloidea. From both clades neuropeptides have not been biochemically characterized before this study. Here, members of the adipokinetic hormone family (AKHs) are sequenced via liquid chromatography (LC)‐ion trap mass spectrometry from methanolic extracts from the corpora cardiaca of respective species. The corpora cardiaca were dissected, methanolic extracts prepared, peptides separated by liquid chromatography (LC), and AKHs detected and sequenced by ion trap mass spectrometry. Both species investigated contain an octapeptide AKH: the trichopteran species has the peptide with the sequence pGlu‐Leu‐Thr‐Phe‐Thr‐Pro‐Ser‐Trp amide; the ambiguity of the isobaric amino acids Leu and Ile at position two was solved by comparing retention times on LC and by co‐elution with the synthetic Leu2‐form. This peptide is known as Aedae‐AKH and found in certain dipteran species and in an alderfly (Megaloptera). The tridactyloid species contains the peptide with the sequence pGlu‐Val‐Asn‐Phe‐Ser‐Pro‐Gly‐Trp amide which had first been identified in a member of the order Mantophasmatodea and is called Manto‐CC. Comparisons are made between the AKH complements of the sister groups Trichoptera and Lepidoptera and their possible relatedness and, on the other hand, between the AKH of X. capensis with those of closely related caeliferan superfamilies. The biology of the two studied species is used to speculate about a possible function of the elucidated hormones. Lastly, the use of a larval stage as starting material for structural neuropeptide information is discussed.
Determination of salmeterol, α‐hydroxysalmeterol and fluticasone propionate in human urine and plasma for doping control using UHPLC–QTOF–MS
Authors: Sakellariou Panagiotis , Petrou Michael , Lyris Emmanouil , Tsivou Maria , Fragkaki Argyro , Kiousi Polyxeni , Angelis Yiannis S. , Pistos Constantinos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalmeterol and fluticasone are included in the Prohibited List annually issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. While for other permitted beta‐2 agonists a threshold has been established, above which any finding constitutes an Adverse Analytical Finding, this is not the case with salmeterol. The salmeterol metabolite, α‐hydroxysalmeterol, has been described as a potentially more suitable biomarker for the misuse of inhaled salmeterol. In this study, a new and rapid UHPLC–QTOF–MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of salmeterol, α‐hydroxysalmeterol and fluticasone in human urine and plasma, which can be used for doping control. The analytes of interest were extracted by means of solid phase extraction and were separated on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column. Detection was performed in a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source, in positive mode for the detection of salmeterol and its metabolite and in negative mode for the detection of fluticasone. Method was validated over a linear range from 0.10 to 2.00 ng/ml for salmeterol and fluticasone, and from 1.00 to 20.0 ng/ml for α‐hydroxysalmeterol, in urine, whereas in plasma, the linear range was from 0.025 to 0.500 ng/ml for salmeterol and fluticasone, respectively.
Transcarotid: A sign from above?
Authors: Eng Marvin H. , Fang H. Kenith 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
Transcarotid (TC) access is primarily being performed in high risk patients and early mortalities are likely due to comorbidities.
Otherwise, transcarotid access has low rates of vascular complications and perioperative strokes.
The length of stay and rates of major bleeding should be targeted as areas for improvement.
Is it time for a “functional” hybrid algorithm to optimize interventional results in chronic total occlusion?
Authors: Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
The myocardium subtending a CTO is universally ischemic at rest measured by iFR.
In 30% of vessels, iFR remains in the ischemic range despite angiographic optimization after PCI.
In approximately half of the ischemic vessels after PCI, iFR can be improved with further intervention.
The strategy of functionally optimized coronary intervention is feasible in a CTO.
Combination antiplatelet/antithrombotic regimens after stenting: Are we forcing too much in this decision?
Authors: Nicolas Johny , Dangas George 
Published: March 2021

Key Points
Patient‐centered care entails balancing the risks and benefits of each antithrombotic therapy regimen.
When assessing the risk–benefit tradeoffs of each antithrombotic therapy, all outcomes must be taken into account rather than focusing on a single outcome such as stent thrombosis.
Additional randomized clinical trials are needed to establish the optimal antithrombotic therapy regimen in all patients, especially in those at high risk for bleeding and ischemic events.
Early cases of acute infectious respiratory syndrome treated with photobiomodulation, diagnosis and intervention: Two case reports
Authors: Pelletier‐Aouizerate Michèle , Zivic Yvona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPBMT using 630 + 660 nm wavelengths transcutaneously at 7 cm above chest area irradiating lungs and heart regions of patients with acute, infectious respiratory syndrome alleviated their respiratory symptoms, mitigated pulmonary inflammation and hypoxia. PBMT could prevent more severe respiratory distress requiring emergency care and reduce the strain on healthcare. This case report's clinical experience can be the basis of future research evaluating oxygen saturation levels pre‐ and post‐PBMT.
Evaluation of engineered soils for bioretention areas containing dredged Illinois River sand, compost, biosolids, and pyrolyzed biosolids
Authors: Vaughn Steven F. , Theiling Charles , Rosenbohm Paul , Eller Fred J. , Peterson Steven C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDredged Illinois River sand is nutrient poor and has low cation exchange capacity. Engineering this soil by adding amendments to increase nutrient retention may help sustain plant growth and absorb contaminants when the sand is used in bioslopes, bioswales, and rain gardens. The objectives of this study were to compare the physical and chemical properties of engineered soils derived from dredged Illinois River sand combined with mixtures of a locally produced compost, dried Class B biosolids from the Greater Peoria Sanitary District (GPSD), and pyrolyzed GPSD biosolids, and to study their effect on the growth of a grass mixture designed for chronically wet areas, such as bioslopes and/or bioswales along Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) highways. Dry and wet bulk densities of the soil mixtures increased with increasing levels of both biosolids and pyrolyzed biosolids. Soils containing higher levels of compost were linked to higher CEC, soluble salts, porosity, and soil moisture. Shoot and root lengths, and fresh and dry tissue mass were highest in mixtures containing the higher compost levels. These results indicate that the addition of compost to Illinois River sand may be required for adequate grass growth in these engineered soils saturated with water. The use of either biosolids or pyrolyzed biosolids as nutrient sources may need to be supplemented with compost for adequate plant growth.
Tracking energy changes with match heads
Authors: Fredelake Bernd , Sieve Bernhard F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDie Bestimmung der Entzündungstemperatur von Streichholzköpfchen ist ein klassischer Schulversuch aus dem Anfangsunterricht Chemie. Im Beitrag wird eine Variante beschrieben, mit der Lernende den Temperaturverlauf verfolgen und dabei zwischen Aktivierungs‐ und Reaktionsenergie unterscheiden können.
Removal of Cement Dust Particulates via Fully Submerged Self‐Primed Venturi Scrubber
Authors: Mukherjee Subhrajit , Verma Amit , Biswas Subrata , Bal Manisha , Meikap Bhim Charan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last few decades, researchers have aimed to improve the removal efficiency of air pollutants using several engineered devices. Here, cement dust removal is investigated using the water scrubbing technique by applying a self‐priming venturi scrubber in fully submerged conditions to study the effect of various operating parameters on performance. This study carries out optimization to develop a model. The removal efficiency of particulates acts as the functional process parameter and its related interaction terms are discussed in this work. Response surface methodology is applied to optimize the process output response. The developed model and design expert platform, inbuilt with the central composite design technique performs the process optimization. This helps in comparing the input and output variables. The maximum removal efficiency obtained is 99.77% at a throat gas velocity of 60 m s−1, an inlet cement dust loading rate of 3.1 g m−3, and a liquid level of 100 cm in the external cylinder under fully submerged conditions. Moreover, recyclable household greywater is used as a scrubbing liquid owing to its low‐cost and availability in sufficient quantities. The proposed scrubber system efficiently removes particulate matter such as cement dust particulates from the environment.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps and asthma: Omalizumab improves residual anxiety but not depression
Authors: Vogt Florian , Sahota Jagdeep , Bidder Therese , Livingston Rebecca , Bellas Helene , Gane Simon B. , Lund Valerie J. , Robinson Douglas S. , Kariyawasam Harsha H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. It is currently uncertain if treatment in patients with CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP) has any impact on improving mental health outcomes. The aims here were to document anxiety and depression in patients with severe CRS and asthma already treated with appropriate medical therapy. We then evaluated whether further maximal treatment with omalizumab improved anxiety and/or depression alongside improvements in CRS and coassociated asthma.MethodsHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores along with measures of CRS and asthma severity were recorded according to CRSwNP and CRSsNP status in n = 95 patients with severe CRS and asthma. Of this group, a further n = 23 had omalizumab for associated allergic asthma. Follow‐up measures were collected 16 weeks after omalizumab treatment.ResultsHADS anxiety and depression prevalence in CRS were 49.47 % and 38.95%, respectively. Within the CRSwNP and CRSsNP group 53.06% and 45.66% had raised HADS‐anxiety scores. Abnormal HADS‐depression scores were present in 40.82% and 36.95% of the CRSwNP and CRSsNP groups, respectively. Correlations for sinonasal outcome test‐22 (SNOT‐22) versus HADS total was r = 0.59 p < 0.0001, HADS‐anxiety r = 0.56 p < 0.0001 and HADS‐depression r = 0.49 p < 0.0001. Omalizumab improved anxiety in CRS (p < 0.0001) regardless of nasal polyp status (CRSwNP p = 0.0042 and CRSsNP p = 0.0078). Depression scores did not improve in either group. SNOT‐22 (p = 0.0006), asthma control questionnaire‐7 (p = 0.0019) and mini‐asthma quality of life questionnaire including emotional function (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0009, respectively) all improved in both subgroups.ConclusionIn CRS and asthma, anxiety scores but not depression improved after omalizumab treatment. Anxiety may be closely related to airway disease severity, but depression may be independent of airway disease itself. If so, a separate mental health care pathway is needed for CRS patients with depression.
Cancer surveillance awareness and practice among families at increased risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Everett Jessica N. , Burgos Gabriela , Chun Jennifer , Baptiste Ariele , Khanna Lauren G. , Oberstein Paul E. , Simeone Diane M. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDEarly detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an important goal for improving survival. Individuals who meet published guidelines for surveillance may be underidentified, and family communication about risk represents a pathway to increasing participation in surveillance. We investigated the uptake of and barriers to surveillance in at‐risk relatives of clinic patients.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective record review of patients with personal or family history of PDAC evaluated over 12 months. The first relative presenting to clinic (proband) reported surveillance status and reasons for nonparticipation for at‐risk relatives. Descriptive analyses and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to evaluate differences in surveillance participation.RESULTSAmong 193 at‐risk relatives, 21% were in surveillance. The primary reasons for nonparticipation were lack of awareness (36%) and lack of interest (24%). Neither the sex nor the cancer status of probands impacted surveillance. At‐risk relatives with familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) who also carried relevant pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) were more likely to undergo surveillance than those with FPC or PGVs alone (P = .003). Among families with PGVs, 59% of relatives potentially eligible for surveillance had not completed genetic testing.CONCLUSIONPDAC surveillance is underutilized in high‐risk families. Communication interventions to address informational needs and decisional support could improve outcomes.
Survival advantage in patients with human papillomavirus‐driven oropharyngeal cancer and variation by demographic characteristics and serologic response: Findings from Head and Neck 5000
Authors: Whitmarsh Alex , Pring Miranda , Thomas Steve J. , Waylen Andrea , Ness Andy R. , Dudding Tom , Pawlita Michael , Brenner Nicole , Waterboer Tim , Schroeder Lea 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDPatients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) experience better survival than those with HPV‐negative OPC. It is unclear whether this benefit varies by demographic characteristics and serologic response.METHODSRecords from 1411 patients with OPC who had HPV serology data were analyzed. HPV status was based on HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 serology. Participants were followed for a median of 5.9 years, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). The association between HPV status and overall survival was analyzed by age group, sex, smoking status, tumor site, HPV antibody levels, and HPV antibody pattern. Models were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and comorbidity.RESULTSFor the overall association between HPV status and survival, the fully adjusted HR was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.33‐0.56). The HR was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.10‐0.35) for participants aged ≤54 years, 0.38 (95% CI, 0.25‐0.56) for those aged 55 to 64 years, and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.47‐1.13) for those aged ≥65 years (P for interaction = .023). There was no clear evidence for an interaction by sex, smoking status, or tumor site. Survival did not differ according to E6 antibody levels in those who were seropositive. All seropositivity patterns were associated with increased survival compared with a pattern of seronegativity for all antibodies. Patients who are positive for E1, E2, E6, and E7 may experience better survival.CONCLUSIONSHPV status confers a survival advantage across all groups. This survival advantage is more marked for younger patients. The HPV antibody pattern, but not the antibody level, may also affect survival.
Inadequacy of the classical formulation of the CMOS Schmitt trigger
Authors: da Silva Júnior Anselmo Luís , Pasini Melek Luiz Alberto , Galup‐Montoro Carlos , Cherem Schneider Márcio 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe classical complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) Schmitt trigger (ST) circuit operating in strong inversion has been used as a basic building block in electronics since the 70s. However, no appropriate analytical models for determining the hysteresis threshold voltages have been presented. In this paper, we review the classical CMOS ST formulation for operation in strong inversion and introduce a new model for calculating the hysteresis window. In order to validate the approximations employed in this work, we measured the hysteresis curve for several combinations of transistors available in the popular off‐the‐shelf CD4007 and resorted to simulation in a 180‐nm technology for the specific purpose of measuring the ST window in terms of the transistors aspect ratios. Numerical, experimental, and simulation results corroborate the approximations employed in this research to derive simple expressions for the hysteresis threshold voltages.
Hypoglycaemia detection and prediction techniques: A systematic review on the latest developments
Authors: Diouri Omar , Cigler Monika , Vettoretti Martina , Mader Julia K. , Choudhary Pratik , Renard Eric ,   HYPO‐RESOLVE Consortium
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main objective of diabetes control is to correct hyperglycaemia while avoiding hypoglycaemia, especially in insulin‐treated patients. Fear of hypoglycaemia is a hurdle to effective correction of hyperglycaemia because it promotes under‐dosing of insulin. Strategies to minimise hypoglycaemia include education and training for improved hypoglycaemia awareness and the development of technologies to allow their early detection and thus minimise their occurrence. Patients with impaired hypoglycaemia awareness would benefit the most from these technologies. The purpose of this systematic review is to review currently available or in‐development technologies that support detection of hypoglycaemia or hypoglycaemia risk, and identify gaps in the research. Nanomaterial use in sensors is a promising strategy to increase the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring devices for low glucose values. Hypoglycaemia is associated with changes on vital signs, so electrocardiogram and encephalogram could also be used to detect hypoglycaemia. Accuracy improvements through multivariable measures can make already marketed galvanic skin response devices a good noninvasive alternative. Breath volatile organic compounds can be detected by dogs and devices and alert patients at hypoglycaemia onset, while near‐infrared spectroscopy can also be used as a hypoglycaemia alarms. Finally, one of the main directions of research are deep learning algorithms to analyse continuous glucose monitoring data and provide earlier and more accurate prediction of hypoglycaemia. Current developments for early identification of hypoglycaemia risk combine improvements of available ‘needle‐type’ enzymatic glucose sensors and noninvasive alternatives. Patient usability will be essential to demonstrate to allow their implementation for daily use in diabetes management.
Primate landscape genetics: A review and practical guide
Authors: Westphal Darice , Mancini Amanda N. , Baden Andrea L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLandscape genetics is an emerging field that integrates population genetics, landscape ecology, and spatial statistics to investigate how geographical and environmental features and evolutionary processes such as gene flow, genetic drift, and selection structure genetic variation at both the population and individual levels, with implications for ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Despite being particularly well suited for primatologists, this method is currently underutilized. Here, we synthesize the current state of research on landscape genetics in primates. We begin by outlining how landscape genetics has been used to disentangle the drivers of diversity, followed by a review of how landscape genetic methods have been applied to primates. This is followed by a section highlighting special considerations when applying the methods to primates, and a practical guide to facilitate further landscape genetics studies using both existing and de novo datasets. We conclude by exploring future avenues of inquiry that could be facilitated by recent developments as well as underdeveloped applications of landscape genetics to primates.