bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varied midlatitude shortwave cloud radiative responses to Southern Hemisphere circulation shifts
Authors: Kelleher Mitchell K. , Grise Kevin M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChanges in midlatitude clouds as a result of shifts in general circulation patterns are widely thought to be a potential source of radiative feedbacks onto the climate system. Previous work has suggested that two general circulation shifts anticipated to occur in a warming climate, poleward shifts in the midlatitude jet streams and a poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation, are associated with differing effects on midlatitude clouds. This study examines two dynamical cloud‐controlling factors, mid‐tropospheric vertical velocity, and the estimated inversion strength (EIS) of the marine boundary layer temperature inversion, to explain why poleward shifts in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude jet and Hadley cell edge have varying shortwave cloud‐radiative responses at midlatitudes. Changes in vertical velocity and EIS occur further equatorward for poleward shifts in the Hadley cell edge than they do for poleward shifts of the midlatitude jet. Because the sensitivity of shortwave cloud radiative effects (SWCRE) to variations in vertical velocity and EIS is a function of latitude, the SWCRE anomalies associated with jet and Hadley cell shifts differ. The dynamical changes associated with a poleward jet shift occur further poleward in a regime where the sensitivities of SWCRE to changes in vertical velocity and EIS balance, leading to a near‐net zero change in SWCRE in midlatitudes with a poleward jet shift. Conversely, the dynamical changes associated with Hadley cell expansion occur further equatorward at a latitude where the sensitivity of SWCRE is more strongly associated with changes in mid‐tropospheric vertical velocity, leading to a net shortwave cloud radiative warming effect in midlatitudes.
Evaluating the emerging opportunities and challenges from green marketing practices among Indian manufacturing industries
Authors: Mehraj Danish , Qureshi Ishtiaq Hussain 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine and compares perceptions, initiatives, and challenges perceived by manufacturing industries in India in respect of green marketing. The data were collected from a sample of 700 manufacturing industries employing a random sampling method. The present study results found that there is a high degree of acceptance of green marketing in the Indian industry, irrespective of the sector. The exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors that show green marketing practices: environmental concern, green promotional initiatives, green customer trust, and green marketing challenges. The findings suggested that all sample industries are concerned for the environment and believe that green marketing is significant for sustainable development. The study suggests that businesses should view protection of the environment as a market opportunity rather than solely as a means of complying with mounting environmental challenges and regulations. Green marketing should become the norm rather than the exception in a developing country like India. It can save the globe from environmental degradation and contribute to the long‐term growth of industries.
Co/Co2P Nanoparticles Encapsulated within Hierarchically Porous Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur Co‐doped Carbon as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Likai , Sun Yinggang , Zhang Shenzhi , Di Hexiang , Liu Qiming , Du Xin , Li Zhongfang , Yang Kai , Chen Shaowei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping high performance nonprecious metal‐based electrocatalysts has become a critical first step towards commercial applications of metal‐air batteries. Herein, nanocomposites based on Co/Co2P nanoparticles encapsulated within hierarchically porous N, P, S co‐doped carbon are prepared by controlled pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐67) and poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4’‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The resulting Co/Co2P@NPSC nanocomposites exhibit apparent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance, and are used as the reversible oxygen catalyst for zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations exhibit that Co2P could provide active sites for the ORR and promote the conversion between the adsorbed intermediates, and porous N,P,S co‐doped carbon with Co2P nanoparticles also improves the exposure of actives sites and endows charge transport. Liquid‐state ZABs with Co/Co2P@NPSC as the cathode catalysts demonstrate the greater power density of 198.1 mW cm−2 and a long cycling life of 50 h at 10 mA cm−2, likely due to the encapsulation of Co/Co2P nanoparticles by the carbon shell. Solid‐state ZABs also display a remarkable performance with a high peak power density of 74.3 mW cm−2. Therefore, this study indicates the meaning of the design and engineering of hierarchical porous carbon nanomaterial as electrocatalyst for rechargeable metal‐air batteries.
4D Reconstruction and Identification of Carotid Artery Stenosis Utilizing a Novel Pulsatile Ultrasound Phantom
Authors: Thurgood Harrison , Witte Russell , Laksari Kaveh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a major application focus of vascular ultrasonography, the carotid artery has long been the subject of phantom design and procedure focus. It is therefore important to devise procedures that are minimally invasive and informative, initially using a physiologically accurate anthropomorphic phantom to validate the methodology. In this article, a novel phantom design protocol is presented that enables the efficient production of a pulsatile ultrasound phantom consisting of soft and vascular tissue mimics, as well as a blood surrogate fluid. These components when combined give the phantom high acoustic compatibility and lifelike mechanical properties. The phantom was developed using "at‐home" purchasable components and 3D printing technology. The phantom was subsequently used to develop a 4D reconstruction algorithm of the pulsing vessel in MATLAB. In pattern with recent developments in medical imaging, the 4D reconstruction enables clinicians to view vessel wall motion in a 3D space without the need for manual intervention. The reconstruction algorithm also produces measured inner luminal areas and vessel wall thickness, providing further information relating to structural properties and stenosis, as well as elastic properties such as arterial stiffness, which could provide helpful markers for disease diagnosis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Constructing a pulsatile ultrasound phantom modelSupport Protocol: Creating a vascular mimic moldBasic Protocol 2: Creating a 4D reconstruction from ultrasound frames
Evaluating Sequential Response Learning in the Rodent Operant Touchscreen System
Authors: Janickova Helena , Kljakic Ornela , Robbins Trevor W. , Saksida Lisa M. , Bussey Timothy J. , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSequential and cue‐directed response learning in rodents have been previously shown to depend on intact striatal signaling. In particular, these behaviors rely on striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release, with an impairment of sequential response learning evident in animal models with alterations in the two systems. Here we provide a protocol for testing sequential response/response chain learning using the rodent touchscreen system. Specifically, the present protocol is designed to implement the heterogeneous sequence task, adapted from Keeler et al. (2014), in the rodent touchscreen apparatus. This task has been used previously to assess complex motor learning and response selection in mice. In the following protocol, the task is performed in touchscreen‐based automated chambers with five response locations using food reinforcers to maintain performance. The sequence task requires the subject to make five nose pokes to white square stimuli appearing in five different locations sequentially from left to right. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Implementation of the heterogeneous sequence taskSupport Protocol: Creation of the heterogeneous sequence task ABET II touchscreen schedule
Expression of Maf family proteins in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Ito Ayako , Imamura Fumiaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fate of neurons in the developing brain is largely determined by the combination of transcription factors they express. In particular, stem cells must follow different transcriptional cascades during differentiation in order to generate neurons with different neurotransmitter properties, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. In the mouse cerebral cortex, it has been shown that large Maf family proteins, MafA, MafB and c‐Maf, regulate the development of specific types of GABAergic interneurons but are not expressed in glutamatergic neurons. In this study, we examined the expression of large Maf family proteins in the developing mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by immunohistochemistry and found that the cell populations expressing MafA and MafB are almost identical, and most of them express Tbr2. As Tbr2 is expressed in glutamatergic neurons in the OB, we further examined the expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal markers in MafA and MafB positive cells. The results showed that in the OB, MafA and MafB are expressed exclusively in glutamatergic neurons, but not in GABAergic neurons. We also found that few cells express c‐Maf in the OB. These results indicate that, unlike the cerebral cortex, MafA and/or MafB may regulate the development of glutamatergic neurons in the developing OB. This study advances our knowledge about the development of glutamatergic neurons in the olfactory bulb, and also might suggest that mechanisms for the generation of projection neurons and interneurons differ between the cortex and the olfactory bulb, even though they both develop from the telencephalon.
Agreements and controversies of national guidelines for bronchiolitis: Results from an Italian survey
Authors: Manti Sara , Licari Amelia , Brambilla Ilaria , Caffarelli Carlo , Calvani Mauro , Cardinale Fabio , Ciprandi Giorgio , Cravidi Claudio , Duse Marzia , Martelli Alberto , Minasi Domenico , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele , Pajno Giovan B. , Tosca Maria A. , Chiappini Elena , Baraldi Eugenio , Marseglia Gianluigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionSignificant variations in the management of bronchiolitis are often recorded, and, in parallel, to recommend a univocal clinical approach is challenging and still questioned. This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic management of bronchiolitis in children adopted by Italian pediatricians following the national guidelines.Material and MethodsA survey study was designed and carried out by sending an email an open‐ended questionnaire developed by an expert panel of the Scientific Board of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP). Questions were designed according to the national intersociety consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants.ResultsOverall, 234 pediatricians were taking part in the study. When diagnosing bronchiolitis, only 44.01% (103/234) of participants correctly followed the national guidelines. All participants (100%) would perform laboratory tests and/or radiological exams. 44.01% administered oxygen (O2) when O2 saturation was minor than 92%. About the therapeutic regimen, marked discrepancies between national guidelines and recorded answers were reported. Indications for hospital admission and discharge criteria were in line with the national guidelines.ConclusionsThere is a significant practice variation in the management of acute bronchiolitis among Italian physicians. Some wrong attitudes need to be further discouraged, such use of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches. Further research is urgently required to define the best management of patients with bronchiolitis and implement strategies to standardize care and improve the quality of care.
Imaging Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Through MRI in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lin Zixuan , Lance Eboni , McIntyre Tiffany , Li Yang , Liu Peiying , Lim Chantelle , Fan Hongli , Tekes Aylin , Cannon Alicia , Casella James F. , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption may lead to endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, abnormalities of BBB in SCD, especially in pediatric patients for whom contrast agent administration less than optimal, have not been fully characterized.PurposeTo examine BBB permeability to water in a group of pediatric SCD participants using a non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique. We hypothesized that SCD participants will have increased BBB permeability.Study TypeProspective cross‐sectional.PopulationTwenty‐six pediatric participants (10 ± 1 years, 15F/11M) were enrolled, including 21 SCD participants and 5 sickle cell trait (SCT) participants, who were siblings of SCD patients.Field Strength/Sequence3 T. Water extraction with phase‐contrast arterial spin tagging with echo‐planer imaging, phase‐contrast and T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo.AssessmentWater extraction fraction (E), BBB permeability‐surface area product (PS), cerebral blood flow, hematological measures (hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemoglobin S), neuropsychological scores (including domains of intellectual ability, attention and executive function, academic achievement and adaptive function, and a composite score). Regions of interest were drawn by Z.L. (6 years of experience).Statistical TestsWilcoxon rank sum test and chi‐square test for group comparison of demographics. Multiple linear regression analysis of PS with diagnostic category (SCD or SCT), hematological measures, and neuropsychological scores. A two‐tailed P value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with SCT participants, SCD participants had a significantly higher BBB permeability to water (SCD: 207.0 ± 33.3 mL/100 g/minute, SCT: 171.2 ± 27.2 mL/100 g/minute). SCD participants with typically more severe phenotypes also had a significantly leakier BBB than those with typically milder phenotypes (severe: 217.3 ± 31.7 mL/100 g/minute, mild: 193.3 ± 31.8 mL/100 g/minute). Furthermore, more severe BBB disruption was associated with worse hematological symptoms, including lower hemoglobin concentrations (β = −8.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−14.69, −3.00]), lower hematocrits (β = −2.96, 95% CI [−4.84, −1.08]), and higher hemoglobin S fraction (β = 0.77, 95% CI [0.014, 1.53]).Data ConclusionThese findings support a potential role for BBB dysfunction in SCD pathogenesis of ischemic injury.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Mapping the corticoreticular pathway from cortex‐wide anterograde axonal tracing in the mouse
Authors: Boyne Pierce , Awosika Oluwole O. , Luo Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) has been implicated as an important mediator of motor recovery and rehabilitation after central nervous system damage. However, its origins, trajectory and laterality are not well understood. This study mapped the mouse CRP in comparison with the corticospinal tract (CST). We systematically searched the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas (© 2011 Allen Institute for Brain Science) for experiments that used anterograde tracer injections into the right isocortex in mice. For each eligible experiment (N = 607), CRP and CST projection strength were quantified by the tracer volume reaching the reticular formation motor nuclei (RFmotor) and pyramids, respectively. Tracer density in each brain voxel was also correlated with RFmotor versus pyramids projection strength to explore the relative trajectories of the CRP and CST. We found significant CRP projections originating from the primary and secondary motor cortices, anterior cingulate, primary somatosensory cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. Compared with the CST, the CRP had stronger projections from each region except the primary somatosensory cortex. Ipsilateral projections were stronger than contralateral for both tracts (above the pyramidal decussation), but the CRP projected more bilaterally than the CST. The estimated CRP trajectory was anteromedial to the CST in the internal capsule and dorsal to the CST in the brainstem. Our findings reveal a widespread distribution of CRP origins and confirm strong bilateral CRP projections, theoretically increasing the potential for partial sparing after brain lesions and contralesional compensation after unilateral injury.
Applying deep learning to quantify empty lacunae in histologic sections of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Lui Elaine , Maruyama Masahiro , Guzman Roberto A. , Moeinzadeh Seyedsina , Pan Chi‐Chun , Pius Alexa K. , Quig Madison S. V. , Wong Laurel E. , Goodman Stuart B. , Yang Yunzhi P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disease in which inadequate blood supply to the subchondral bone causes the death of cells in the bone marrow. Decalcified histology and assessment of the percentage of empty lacunae are used to quantify the severity of ONFH. However, the current clinical practice of manually counting cells is a tedious and inefficient process. We utilized the power of artificial intelligence by training an established deep convolutional neural network framework, Faster‐RCNN, to automatically classify and quantify osteocytes (healthy and pyknotic) and empty lacunae in 135 histology images. The adjusted correlation coefficient between the trained cell classifier and the ground truth was R = 0.98. The methods detailed in this study significantly reduced the manual effort of cell counting in ONFH histological samples and can be translated to other fields of image quantification.
Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of a Viscous Fluid Flowing through an External Gear Pump
Authors: de Bie Vincent G. , Luijten Luc S.D.P. , Hulsen Martien A. , Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn external gear pump is a relatively simple and inexpensive pump, that is used in a variety of production systems. Numerous works have studied the external gear pump using numerical simulations; however, typically low‐viscosity fluids and turbulent flow conditions are considered. Previous work of the authors focused on predicting the output fluctuation and the volumetric efficiency of an external gear pump processing high‐viscosity fluids using a 2D representation. For certain conditions, backflow through all clearances could occur, resulting in a drop in volumetric efficiency. This calls for a full 3D model. Furthermore, high residence time zones are observed in the inflow channel of the pump. The 3D shape of these zones is still unknown. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the axial clearances on the performance of the external gear pump. A 3D mesh is generated by extruding the 2D mesh in the third direction, resulting in prism elements. This reduces the required number of elements and therewith makes the simulations computationally feasible. Introducing the axial clearances results in a lower efficiency compared to the 2D simulations. With particle tracking, the high residence time zones in the inflow channel are visualized in the 3D simulations.
Effective Enhancement of the Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Graphynes by Introducing π‐Conjugated Chains with Donor/Acceptor Groups
Authors: Hou Na , Feng Ran , Fang Xiao‐Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing density functional theory calculations, we have analyzed second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of −(CH=CH)m−NH2/NO2‐modified graphynes (GY[n]) (n=1−3;m=1−6, 9, 12). This type of modification can induce evident electron transfer between the graphyne and conjugated chain and decrease the transition energy, resulting in the system exhibiting a large static first hyperpolarizability (β0). Theβ0values of the GY[n]−(CH=CH)m−NH2/NO2show a monotonously increasing trend with lengthening the −(CH=CH)m−NH2/NO2chain fromm=1 to 12. Further, the NO2‐modified system has a higherβ0value than the corresponding NH2‐modified system with the same π‐conjugated length. Compared with the single‐modified GY[1], the −(CH=CH)m−NH2/NO2co‐modified GY[1] systems exhibit better NLO responses. For GY[n]−(CH=CH)m−NO2, whenm=1−4, theβ0value increases with increasing the size of graphyne, while form=5, 6, 9, 12, the varying order is reversed. Solvent and frequency dispersion effects are also analyzed. The polarizable environment has a significant influence on hyper‐Rayleigh scattering first hyperpolarizability (βHRS).
Towards Integrating Blockchains with Microservice Architecture Using Model-Driven Engineering
Authors: Trebbau Simon , Wizenty Philip , Sachweh Sabine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlockchain presents a feasible method to persist immutable information in a distributed ledger to improve the level of authentication and trust. Moreover, smart contracts enable the automated execution of any contract concluded between participants of the Blockchain network. On the other hand, Microservice Architecture (MSA) is a novel approach towards service-based scalable applications. In our paper, we present an approach based on Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) that aims to facilitate the integration process of Blockchains into MSA-based applications in order to benefit from the advantages attributed to Blockchains.
The Future of Software Engineering: Where Will Machine Learning, Agile, and Virtualization Take Us Next?
Authors: Mancl Dennis , Fraser Steven D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoftware has become the lifeblood of the 21st century, enabling a broad range of commercial, medical, educational, agricultural, and government applications. These applications are designed and deployed through a variety of software best practices. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, developers have embraced virtualization (remote working) and a variety of strategies to manage the complexity of global development on multiple platforms. However, evolving hazards such as network security, algorithm bias, and the combination of careless developers and deliberate attacks continue to be a challenge. An XP2021 panel organized and chaired by Steven Fraser debated the future of software engineering and related topics such education, ethics, and tools. The panel featured Anita Carleton (CMU’s SEI), Priya Marsonia (Cognizant), Bertrand Meyer (SIT, Eiffel Software), Landon Noll (Independent Consultant), and Kati Vilkki (Reaktor).
How Collective Intelligence Can Gear Agility with Sustainability
Authors: Ochoa-Zambrano Juan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSome emergent research works have identified that Agile methodologies and sustainability goals are, somehow, aligned. This alignment can be advantageously used to implement new transformation approaches with the objective of implementing a more effective adoption of both Agile and sustainably goals in organizations. Studies claim that Agile and sustainability can be geared with team collaboration and learning. Collective Intelligence has proven to be a very powerful tool, to generate solutions to complex problems, because it is able to combine the diversity of knowledge and skills of different actors into better solutions or processes, which can be extended to wider contexts. In addition, individuals participating in any collaborative process, benefit at the level of skills and new knowledge. In this article, the application of the concepts of collective intelligence to support a transformation process in which the combined adoption of the Agile and Sustainability goals is described.