bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What corporate executives can learn from leading value investors
Authors: Calandro Jr. Joseph , Sherratt Paul A. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The principles of value investing present an alternative way to strategically approach the challenges and opportunities generated from the global risk landscape.

Design/methodology/approach
The principles of value investing – based on the lessons learned from highly successful practitioners – can be distilled into six core managerial considerations.

Findings
In theory, the prescriptions of value investing appear straightforward, but executives need to augment their skillsets with those of both an astute investor and discerning banker, balance their attention between conventional and non-traditional sources of information, and exhibit the patience and grit to go against the herd and focus on longer-term compounded returns.

Practical implications
The concept of “rationality” is a way of monitoring executive behavior to ensure that stated goals, objectives and strategies reconcile to business actions over time.

Originality/value
Insights for corporate leaders, investors, M&A teams and activists. These six principles will likely be increasingly valuable during the challenging times ahead: Adding cost-effective resource allocation to the strategy tool kit. Conservative financing. Balancing non-traditional and traditional information. Clarity about the complexity of risk. Humility in times of uncertainty. Focusing on compounded returns.
Tree species mixing causes a shift in fine‐root soil exploitation strategies across European forests
Authors: Wambsganss Janna , Freschet Grégoire T. , Beyer Friderike , Goldmann Kezia , Prada‐Salcedo Luis Daniel , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Mixed‐species forests have often been shown to enhance above‐ground ecosystem properties and processes. Despite the significance of fine roots for tree and ecosystem functioning, the role of tree species diversity for below‐ground processes driven by fine roots remains largely unknown. Previously, an underyielding of fine‐root biomass (FRB) in tree mixtures across four major European forest types has been reported. To explain this phenomenon, we tested here the effect of tree species mixing on fine‐root traits related to soil exploitation efficiency, including biotic feedbacks from ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM), and assessed the role of root trait dissimilarity.

We analysed morphological and chemical traits as well as ectomycorrhizal colonisation intensity of absorptive fine roots (i.e. first three most distal orders) in soil samples from 315 mixed and mono‐specific tree neighbourhoods in mainly mature, semi‐natural forest stands across Europe. Additionally, we quantified mycorrhizal abundance and diversity in soil samples from the same stands.

At the community level, fine roots in tree mixtures were characterised by higher specific root lengths and root nitrogen concentrations, lower diameters and root tissue densities indicating a faster resource acquisition strategy compared to mono‐specific stands. The higher root EcM colonisation intensity and soil EcM diversity in mixtures compared to mono‐specific stands may further provide evidence for positive biotic feedbacks. Moreover, the diversity of fine‐root traits influenced FRB, as mixtures characterised by a higher trait dissimilarity were linked to a lower reduction in FRB. At the level of phylogenetic groups, thin‐rooted angiosperm species showed stronger responses to mixing than thick‐rooted gymnosperms, especially in terms of root morphology and EcM colonisation, indicating different strategies of response to tree mixing.

Our results indicate that a lower FRB can reflect a shift in soil resource acquisition strategies, rather than a lower performance of trees in mixtures. They show that several non‐exclusive mechanisms can simultaneously explain negative net effects of mixing on FRB. This study sheds new light on the importance of using integrative approaches including both above‐ and below‐ground biomass and traits to study diversity effects on plant productivity.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Winter belowground: Changing winters and the perennating organs of herbaceous plants
Authors: Lubbe Frederick Curtis , Klimešová Jitka , Henry Hugh A. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The physical avoidance of overwinter damage is important for determining the success of herbaceous perennial plants in climates with cold winters. Exposure to damaging frost can be affected by contemporary climatic change, which can include an increase in winter air temperatures, changes in precipitation and changes in the timing and severity of warm and cold events.

In this review, we consider the specific adaptations of herbaceous plants to avoid harsh winter conditions via perennating organs, what is known about their responses to warming winters, and what future directions the research of overwintering in herbs should explore.

Herbaceous plants have adapted to harsh winter conditions in part by investing carbohydrates into belowground organs of perennation instead of aboveground biomass. The location of renewal buds and stored carbohydrates belowground increases their protection against freezing temperatures, and they can be further protected via insulation from plant litter or snow cover.

Climate change can affect overwintering organs by altering snow cover depth and duration, thus increasing or decreasing the exposure of plants to frost, and may initiate an earlier or a later onset of growth in the spring. Winter warming can increase productivity in some species, but directly or indirectly decrease it in others and may lead to a loss of specialized plants, for example, in snowbed communities. Plants with shallow structures and taproots may be particularly vulnerable to increased soil frost penetration resulting from reduced snow cover.

Measures of organ biomass and storage carbohydrate content can be used to assess how winter conditions affect allocation, storage, and the potential for growth in the spring. When destructive measures cannot be taken, the use of trait measures, such as perennating organ type, or its traits, such as depth and size of bud bank, can add further strength to the assessment of responses across multiple species.

To fully understand the effects of changing winter conditions on perennial herbaceous plants, researchers must better account for plant overwintering strategies, their drivers, costs, and benefits.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Applying the stress‐gradient hypothesis to curb the spread of invasive bamboo
Authors: Spake Rebecca , Soga Masashi , Catford Jane A. , Eigenbrod Felix 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) provides a conceptual framework for explaining how environmental context determines the nature of biotic interactions. It may be also useful for predicting geographic variability in the effect of management interventions on biological invasions. We aimed to test hypotheses consistent with the SGH to explain context dependency in bamboo invasion of secondary forests in Japan, and establish a predictive understanding of forest management impacts on invasion.We use a priori physiological knowledge of invasive giant bamboo,Phyllostachys bambusoides, to generate hypotheses consistent with the SGH. We modelled variation in giant bamboo occupancy within 810 secondary forest plots across the broad environmental gradients of Japan using a national vegetation database.Consistent with the SGH, we find that the effect of tree canopy cover on bamboo occupancy depends on interactions between solar radiation and mean annual temperature. In cool regions with high solar radiation—stressful conditions for bamboo—shade cast by dense canopies facilitates invasion. However, in warmer regions that are more benign, dense canopies tend to inhibit spread via competition for light, space and other resources.Synthesis and applications. We provide evidence that the stress‐gradient hypothesis can inform practical recommendations for invasive species control. We characterised geographic variability in the effect of forest thinning, a widespread management intervention used to enhance forest biodiversity, on the risk of bamboo spread into secondary forests in Japan. Thinning forest canopies to increase understorey light radiation should limit bamboo spread in cooler regions, while tree planting to increase canopy shade should limit bamboo spread in warmer regions.
Organic farming supports lower pest infestation, but fewer natural enemies than flower strips
Authors: Török Edina , Zieger Sinja , Rosenthal Jacob , Földesi Rita , Gallé Róbert , Tscharntke Teja , Batáry Péter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Agricultural intensification has led to dramatic losses of species and associated ecosystem services. In the European Union, agri‐environment schemes (AESs) have been developed to mitigate these challenges. There are two opposing AES strategies, targeting either production or non‐production areas. Organic farming focuses on production and conservation on the same land‐use area, whereas flower strips adjacent to crop fields are in favour of intensified conventional production combined with conservation strips outside the cultivated area.

We investigated pest and natural enemy abundances of organic farming versus establishing flower strip in 10 agricultural landscapes in Central Germany along a gradient of mean field size (1.24–6.78 ha). We focused on three winter wheat fields per landscape: conventional field (control), conventional field with adjacent flower strip and organic field. We sampled crop pests such as cereal leaf beetles (CLBs) and cereal aphids as well as their natural enemies.

Our results indicated that the abundance of CLB larvae was more than two times higher in conventional farming with and without flower strip than that in the organic farming. The abundance of natural enemies was supported by landscapes with small mean field size, that is their numbers increased c. threefold when field size decreased from 7 to 2 ha.

Aphid abundance was lower in organic fields and conventional control fields than in conventional fields with flower strips suggesting a potential disservice of flower strips. Parasitoids and natural enemies benefited from flower strips, but they were obviously not able to control the aphids.

Synthesis and applications. The major pests in cereals, aphids and CLBs infested organic farming less than flower strips along conventional fields. However, the abundance of natural enemies of pests benefited from flower strips and, in addition, from decreasing field size in agricultural landscapes. Hence, enhancing predator populations for more effective biological pest control may be best with decreasing field sizes combined with organic farming and flower strips. Altogether, organic farming might contribute much more to low pest damage than a conventional farming strategy with flower strips.
Antibiotic resistance in mucosal bacteria from high Arctic migratory salmonids
Authors: Moniz Kristy , Walker Virginia K. , Shah Vishal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo related salmonids, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) sampled from the high Arctic region of Nunavut, Canada are anadromous fish, migrating annually from the same ice‐covered freshwater waterbodies to spend summers in the marine waters of the Arctic Ocean. Microbiota associated with the skin‐associated mucus undergo community change coincident with migration, and irrespective of this turnover, antibiotic resistance was detected in mixed bacterial cultures initiated with mucus samples. Although as expected most bacteria were unculturable, however, 5/7 isolates showed susceptibility to a panel of five common antibiotics. The fish were sampled under severe conditions and at remote locations far from human habitation. Regardless, two isolates, ‘Carnobacterium maltaromaticum sm‐2’ and ‘Arthrobacter citreus sm’, showed multi‐resistance to two or more antibiotics including ampicillin and streptomycin indicating multiple resistance genes. It is unknown if these fish bacteria have ‘natural’ resistance phenotypes or if resistance has been acquired. As result of these observations, we urge long‐term monitoring of drug‐resistant bacteria in the region and caution the assumption of a lack of drug‐resistant organisms even in such extreme environments.
Letter: confounders and outcomes in studies of beta‐blockers in liver disease—role of PPIs?
Authors: Kilincalp Serta , Papachrysos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sasso et al and Sasso & Rockey papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16156 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16355
Superior outcome for splenectomised patients in a population‐based study of splenic marginal zone lymphoma in Sweden
Authors: Sima Andreea , Hollander Peter , Baecklund Eva , Smedby Karin E. , Enblad Gunilla , Amini Rose‐Marie 
Published: June 2021

SummarySplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma where associations with viral hepatitis and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (AID) have been indicated. We aimed at assessing the prevalence of viral hepatitis and AID at SMZL diagnosis and outcome by treatment in a Swedish population‐based study. A total of 277 SMZL patients registered in the Swedish Lymphoma Register in 2007–2017 were included. A history of viral hepatitis was reported in five (2%) patients and AID prior to SMZL in 72/240 (30%) patients. Treatment was given up front for 207 (75%) patients. Splenectomy with or without systemic treatment was performed in 119 (57%) and was associated with statistically significantly better overall survival [hazard ratio, HR = 0·47 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0·23–0·93), P = 0·03] and progression‐free survival (HR = 0·55, 95% CI: 0·35–0·86, P = 0·008) compared to non‐splenectomised patients in multivariable analyses. The up‐front splenectomised group was younger and generally had a lower Ann Arbor stage, but also more frequently B symptoms and high lactate dehydrogenase than the non‐splenectomised group. Viral hepatitis and AID history did not affect SMZL outcome. We report high incidence of AIDs and low incidence of viral hepatitis in this population‐based study of SMZL. Splenectomy up front was associated with a favourable outcome.
Intergenerational ethics in Africa: Duties to older adults in skipped generation households
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper examines individual and societal duties to older adults in sub‐Saharan Africa who reside in skipped generation households, which are households in which a young and old generation live together with the middle generation absent. As they age, older adults in skipped generation households may lack the prospect of social and economic support from offspring, making their situation precarious. If ill health results in an older adult's inability to work, who will support them? If they need assistance with basic activities of daily living, who will provide it? This paper addresses these questions through the lens of African ethics. Section I appeals to the African ethic of ubuntu ('humanness') to identify normative conceptions of persons and moral character relevant to skipped generation ethics. Section II elaborates this focus by means of the virtues of gratitude and reciprocity, discussing their conditions, requirements, and limits and comparing surrogate parent‐child to parent‐child cases. Section III explores the application of an ubuntu ethic to society as a whole and defines societal duties toward older adults by appealing to African conceptions of dignity and justice.
Variability of treatment modalities and intensity in patients with severe haemophilia A on prophylaxis: Results from the Italian national registry
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Giampaolo Adele , Abbonizio Francesca , Molinari Angelo Claudio , Castaman Giancarlo , Biffoni Mauro , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA shift from a standard to a personalized prophylaxis has been increasingly adopted in patients with severe haemophilia A (SHA). This approach has raised the likelihood of a significant variability in the prophylactic approaches and the relative Factor VIII (FVIII) consumptions. The aim of our study was to assess the treatment variability of SHA patients without inhibitors and on prophylaxis regimen in Italy.Material and methodsData reported in the National Registry of Congenital Coagulopathies (NRCC) were analysed to assess treatment distribution within SHA patients without inhibitors, focussing on FVIII consumption in 2017, associated with prophylaxis regimen. The analysis was stratified based on age groups and Italian regions to describe the variability of FVIII consumption in Italy.ResultsIn 2017, the Registry reported the therapeutic plans of 1068 SHA patients without inhibitors on prophylaxis. The mean (95% CI) individual consumption ranges from 123 127 IU (99 736‐146 518) in the age group 0‐6 years to 345 000 IU (336 000‐354 000) in the age group >20 years. A significant FVIII consumption variability was identified within the adult population. Regions with less than 50 patients reported the higher variability in mean FVIII consumption per patient‐year within the different age groups. Similar difference in FVIII consumption variability was reported also in the age groups comparing “low,” “middle” and “high” patient volume regions.DiscussionA reliable estimation of FVIII consumption for patients’ treatment is necessary to manage and plan the appropriate budget and keep treatment's costs affordable. However, without the implementation of a methodology aiming to assess the overall value produced by these FVIII consumptions, the scenario will keep driven by FVIII consumptions, its costs and the budget available. An effort by haemophilic community, haemophilia treatment centres and institutions is required to develop and share this cultural shift in improving haemophilia management and assessment.
Influence of the concentration of capping agent on synthesizing and analyses of Ceria nano‐filler using modified co‐precipitation technique
Authors: Murugesan Ramachandran , RengaPillai Subadevi , Palanisamy Rajkumar , Rajendran Muthupradeepa , Rathinam Yuvakkumar , Marimuthu Sivakumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pure crystalline cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using optimized content of Ce(NO3)3. 6H2O with varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 M) as a precipitation agent in presence of 2.5 wt% poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP. All the samples are prepared via the modified coprecipitation technique. The synthesized materials have been analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), laser Raman, high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (HR‐SEM), and photo luminescence (PL) analyses. The optimized sample was identified with the help of the above studies that could be analyzed through transverse electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The cubic structure with the Fm‐3 m space group has been confirmed through XRD (JCPDS: 81‐0792) and Raman analyses. The FT‐IR and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses ascertain the occurrence of Ce and O species. The as‐prepared CeO2 filler (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) is dispersed through the optimized polymer electrolyte Poly (styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–lithium perchloride (LiClO4) (8 wt%)–ethylene carbonate + propylene carbonate (EC + PC) (1;1 of 65 wt%) complex system using solution casting technique. P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–LiClO4 (8 wt%)–EC + PC (1;1 of 65 wt%)–6 wt% of CeO2 shows the high ionic conductivity 8.13 × 10−4 S cm−1.
Ethical considerations referred to in child health research published in leading nursing journals: 2015–2019
Authors: Wu Yanni , Howarth Michelle , Zhou Chunlan , Yang Lixiao , Ye Xiaoling , Wang Run , Li Chaixiu , Hu Mingyu , Cong Weilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChild health research comprises complex ethical considerations. Understanding the extent to which the ethical process is reported in child health research is needed to improve reporting.AimsTo identify reportage of ethical considerations in child health research in leading nursing and paediatric journals.MethodsAll child health research published between 2015 and 2019 in 10 leading nursing journals and two paediatric journals were retrieved and critically appraised for the reportage of informed consent and ethical approval.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐one child health research papers were included. Although 544 (79.9%) of the prospective studies mentioned informed consent, only 300 (55.2%) reported that written informed consent was obtained from the participants. Overall, 748 (87.9%) of child health research papers noted obtaining research ethics committee approval. Articles that mentioned financial support were significantly more likely to report informed consent and ethical approval than unfunded studies (allP< 0.001). Prospective studies showed higher rates of reportage of ethical approval compared to retrospective studies (P= 0.027). Rates of child consent (assent) obtained in different age groups of children ranged from 29.6% to 66.3%.ConclusionDespite improvements in the reportage of ethical review and approval processes in child health research, consistent and transparent reports are still lacking.
Using community‐based interventions to reduce public stigma of children with disabilities: A feasibility study
Authors: Hepperlen Renee A. , Biggs Jennifer , Mwandileya Watson , Rabaey Paula , Ngulube Esther , Hearst Mary O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPublic stigma, or negative community‐held beliefs, about children with disabilities (CWDs) often leads to negative outcomes for CWD and their families. This study considers the effectiveness of four community‐level interventions to reduce public stigma in two Lusaka, Zambia communities.MethodsThis feasibility study describes four community‐based interventions to provide education to consider whether perceptions of attitudes and stigma towards CWD changed after implementing four educational interventions.ResultsResults revealed that these interventions were achievable. Preliminary multiple regression analyses indicated a significant impact of attending an event on the attitude scale, while no effect on the stigma scale. Presence at multiple anti‐stigma events exhibited no effect for the stigma scale, while the attitude scale showed significance.DiscussionThis study builds on the limited research available in low‐income countries to reduce public stigma towards CWD, with the hope of enhance quality of life for CWD and their families.