bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
United by the global COVID-19 pandemic: divided by our values and viral identities
Authors: Lam Mimi E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rapidly evolving landscape of the global COVID-19 pandemic necessitates urgent scientific advances and adaptive behavioural and policy responses to contain viral transmission, reduce impacts on public health, and minimise societal disruption. Epidemiological models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are heavily influencing policy responses, forecasting viral infection, transmission, and death rates under simplified representations of human behaviour. They either assume that all members of a population or demographic group behave identically or design individual behavioural rules based on demographic and mobility data. In pluralistic societies, however, individual behavioural responses vary with personal values, situational contexts, and social group identities, affecting policy compliance and viral transmission. Here, I identify and explore the impacts of salient viral identities or “COVID-19 personality types” that are emerging and fluidly coalescing with each other and existing social and political identities. The resultant heightened inter-group differentiation explains the politicisation of the pandemic and rampant racism, discrimination, and conflict observed now and with epidemics historically. Recognising salient COVID-19 behavioural identities can improve scientific forecasting of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the impact of containment measures, as well as tailor nuanced policy interventions and communications to enhance individual coping and compliance. As governments contemplate easing social-distancing restrictions, the science-society-policy nexus needs fortification through public participation, structured deliberation, and evidence-informed decision-making of policy options to negotiate the complex value trade-offs among public health, the market economy, and civil liberty. By thus valuing human diversity to foster societal resilience, an ethical agenda can be set with a united response to the COVID-19 pandemic and global commons challenges whose impacts are less immediate, but no less dire for humanity.
Arabidopsiscell wall composition determines disease resistance specificity and fitness
Authors: Molina Antonio , Miedes Eva , Bacete Laura , Rodríguez Tinguaro , Mélida Hugo , Denancé Nicolas , Sánchez-Vallet Andrea , Rivière Marie-Pierre , López Gemma , Freydier Amandine , Barlet Xavier , Pattathil Sivakumar , Hahn Michael , Goffner Deborah 
Published: January 2021

SignificancePlant cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix known as the cell wall. We have analyzed the contribution of theArabidopsiscell wall to disease resistance to pathogens with different parasitic styles. Here, we demonstrate that plant cell walls are determinants of immune responses since modification of their composition in a set ofArabidopsiscell wall mutants has an impact on their disease resistance and fitness phenotypes. In these genotypes, we identified specific correlations between the amounts of specific wall carbohydrate epitopes and disease resistance/fitness phenotypes through mathematical analyses. These data support the relevant and specific function of plant cell wall composition in plant immune responses and provide the basis for using wall traits in crop breeding programs.
Focus enclitics in Bodo
Authors: Boro Krishna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a set of five focus enclitics in Bodo, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Assam, India. The focus enclitics are phonologically bound morphemes which are attached to a phrase-level constituent of a sentence, such as the verb, its arguments, or its adjuncts. They all trigger existential presuppositions and express various kinds of semantic and pragmatic relations between the asserted proposition and presuppositions, such as inclusion, exclusion, contrast, concession, and correction. The description of these relations as well as other more context and construction specific functions encoded by the focus enclitics constitutes the core of this paper. This paper also examines the distribution of the focus enclitics and discusses their associated scope and interpretations. Finally, this paper investigates co-occurrence, co-occurrence restrictions, and interpretations of sequences of the enclitics.
Noun-epithets of Dongba and Daba oral traditions
Authors: Xu Duoduo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dongba and Daba chants represent two of the few oral traditions still surviving in the world. In both traditions, the main category of formulaic expressions consists of traditional noun-epithets describing spirits. Dongba and Daba spirits can be classified into five categories, of which the noun-epithets used to describe them share similar features. Another significant percentage of noun-epithets portray figures of animals. Dongba and Daba chants are both chanted in odd-numbered metric patterns in which noun-epithets are adapted to the metric context. Besides the core expression (often a tetra-syllabic compound), several monosyllabic words not affecting the core meaning may be inserted as optional morphemes to modify the number of syllables in the noun-epithet. This study provides a systematic philological analysis of the vast repertoire of Daba and Dongba noun-epithets. Comparative mythology and comparative linguistics combine to present a comprehensive description of the stylistic features of Daba and Dongba noun-epithets.
Climate change–food security nexus in Burkina Faso
Authors: Hamid El Bilali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts on food security. Such impacts are likely to be higher in developing countries. This paper analyses the state of research on the nexus between climate change and food security in Burkina Faso. In particular, it sheds light on whether and how the scholarly literature addresses the impacts of climate change on the four dimensions of food security (i.e. food availability, food access, food utilisation and stability). It also explores the synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation/adaptation and food security. A search performed in April 2020 on the Web of Science yielded 243 records and 62 of them, which resulted eligible, were included in the systematic review. The literature shows that climate change will affect all the four dimensions of food security. However, most of the analysed literature addresses its effects on food availability. Indeed, it focuses on impacts on crop yields and climate suitability for crops (e.g. maize, millet, sorghum). Moreover, most of the impacts on the remaining food security dimensions stem from the negative effects on food production and supply (cf. food availability). The review also shows that, on the one hand, climate change mitigation can undermine food security and, on the other hand, agriculture intensification and some adaptation strategies, which aim to enhance food security, might increase emissions from agriculture. The dual climate change—food security relationship calls for integrated policies that address trade-offs and optimise co-benefits between ‘climate action’ and ‘zero hunger’ in Burkina Faso.
At-home meditation for tinnitus management
Authors: Fitzgerald Brendan P. , Stocking Christina , Ralli Massimo , Sheppard Adam 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Chronic subjective tinnitus can be severely debilitating. Recently, structured meditation programs have shown to reduce the negative consequences of tinnitus. However, it remains unclear if the structured nature of such meditation programs is required to effectively manage tinnitus. This study investigated if at-home meditation, guided with a free smart device application, could serve as an alternative to structured, in-person programs.

Methods
We monitored self-reported tinnitus severity and other comorbid disorders in 15 participants reporting bothersome tinnitus over an 8-week period. Subjects were asked to meditate for 30 m/d, 5d/w, for 8 consecutive weeks. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, and after 3 weeks, and 8 weeks of at-home meditation.

Results
Outcomes indicated at-home meditation practice yielded significant reductions in THI scores after 3 weeks, and significant reductions in THI and TFI scores after 8 weeks. HADS-D scores were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of at-home meditation, but HADS-A scores showed no significant change throughout the study. MAAS scores were significantly enhanced after 3 weeks of at-home meditation practice, and further enhanced at the 8-week time point.

Conclusion
At-home meditation could serve as an acceptable alternative to in-person meditation programs to manage tinnitus. However, our data also highlight caveats that warrant further investigation.
Ionic and molecular transport in aqueous solution through 2D and layered nanoporous membranes
Authors: Caglar M , Keyser U F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide an intriguing means to not only study physical phenomena but also serve as disruptive membranes for ionic selectivity and sensing based applications. Atomic thinness of these materials affords a unique environment in an all-surface material to unlock challenges towards improving desalination, energy harvesting and DNA sensing. This review provides an overview on some common 2D materials used in membrane applications for solving these challenges along with opportunities where 2D materials could add value to existing solutions. Following this, different types of 2D materials and structures are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages highlighted. Fabrication and methods of creating pores within 2D membranes are then presented with a focus on altering surface characteristics. Selected works within the field are highlighted and placed into a wider context, comparing their merits and shortfalls. A discussion of state-of-the-art performance for ionic transport, molecular sensing and power generation is then presented. This review concludes with an outlook on emerging methods and discussing exciting future directions.
In situ ambient pressure XPS study of Pt/Cu(111) single-atom alloy in catalytically relevant reaction conditions
Authors: Simonovis Juan Pablo , Hunt Adrian , Waluyo Iradwikanari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The presence of multiple reactant gases as well as reaction intermediates in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction results in a complex interaction between different components of the catalyst with each gas, which can alter the surface and chemical state of the catalyst differently than in the presence of an individual gas alone. In this study, we used in situ ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the surface state of Pt/Cu(111) single-atom alloy model system in two catalytically relevant reaction conditions: CO2 hydrogenation and CO oxidation. We found that the activation of CO2 results in the formation of CO, which adsorbs on Pt sites at up to 400 K. In the presence of CO2 and H2, Pt catalyzes the reverse water–gas shift reaction, which produces more CO and further stabilizes surface Pt atoms at 450 K. On the other hand, in CO oxidation condition, the presence of O2 results in the formation of a thick Cu2O layer at higher temperatures, and Pt atoms are no longer detected in the surface and subsurface layers. When O2 is introduced to the sample before CO, the formation of a complete Cu2O layer that covers all Pt atoms occurs immediately at room temperature. However, when CO is introduced at room temperature before O2, the presence of adsorbed CO on Pt sites stabilizes the surface Pt atoms and prevents the formation of a complete Cu2O layer, thus exposing the Pt atoms in ‘holes’ in the Cu2O layer.
An edge-labeling graph neural network method for tool wear condition monitoring using wear image with small samples
Authors: Zhi Gaofeng , He Dedao , Sun Weifang , Zhou Yuqing , Pan Xiaoming , Gao Chen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tool wear condition monitoring (TCM) is of great significance to ensure manufacturing quality in milling processes, and the development of deep learning (DL) in recent years has led to increasing interest in DL-based TCM methods. However, most of these DL-based methods rely on large training samples to achieve good performances, which is expensive. In this paper, a new TCM method based on an edge-labeling graph neural network (EGNN) is proposed for small training datasets. First, the tool wear image is input into a convolution neural network (CNN) to extract features and obtain the features of the training samples. A fully connected graph is established based on these features, and the values of the edge labels are obtained by updating the nodes and edge features in the fully connected graph. Finally, the tool wear condition is predicted through the sample label of the support set and the predicted value of the edge connected with the query sample using a weighted voting method. The effectiveness of the proposed EGNN-based TCM method was demonstrated by its application to milling TCM experiments, and the results indicated that the proposed method outperformed three state-of-the-art methods (CNN, AlexNet, and ResNet) with small samples.
A Lego® Mach–Zehnder interferometer with an Arduino detector
Authors: Feenstra Louw , Julia Cramer , Logman Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Lego®-based interferometer, developed by a first-year bachelor physics student, is presented. The interferometer is home-built at low cost, using household items such as glass panes for beamsplitters and reflecting smartphone logos for mirrors. It is able to produce stable and visible fringes, of which shifting can be monitored. The presented methods allow students to build and conduct adequate optical experiments without the need for expensive optics lab materials, making them deployable in distance learning. Moreover this interferometer demonstrates the educational value of a free experimental assignment.
The role of excited electronic states in ambient air ionization by a nanosecond discharge
Authors: Minesi N , Mariotto P , Pannier E , Stancu G D , Laux C O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of air ionization by a single nanosecond discharge under atmospheric conditions is studied using numerical simulations. The plasma kinetics are solved with ZDPlasKin and the electron energy distribution function is calculated with BOLSIG+. The model includes the excited electronic states of O and N atoms, which are shown to play the main role in plasma ionization for n
e > 1016 cm−3. For electric fields typical in nanosecond discharges, a non-equilibrium plasma (T
e > T
gas) is formed at ambient conditions and remains partially ionized for about 12 nanoseconds (n
e < 1016 cm−3). Then, the discharge abruptly reaches full ionization (n
e ≈ 1019 cm−3) and thermalization (T
e = T
gas ≈ 3 eV) in less than half a nanosecond, as also encountered in experimental studies. This fast ionization process is explained by the electron impact ionization of atomic excited states whereas the fast thermalization is induced by the elastic electron–ion collisions.
High performance wafer scale flexible InP double heterogeneous bipolar transistors
Authors: Wu LiShu , Dai JiaYun , Wang Yuan , Kong YueChan , Chen TangSheng , Zhang Tong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This letter reports on the first demonstration of wafer scale flexible InP double heterogeneous bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with record cut-off frequency (f
T) and maximum oscillation frequency (f
MAX). The as-fabricated DHBTs on 3-inch InP bulk substrate are separated by epitaxial layer lift-off, followed by adhesive bonding onto flexible substrate. Radio frequency measurements reveal that the InP DHBTs on flexible substrate exhibit a f
T of 337 GHz and f
MAX of 485 GHz, representing the highest f
T and f
MAX ever reported in flexible electronics. Moreover, InP DHBTs on flexible substrate have good consistency and the functional transistor yield is more than 73%. The results provide ways to accelerate the time for flexible electronics toward future applications working at multi-gigahertz range.
Role of electrons non-extensivity on the fully nonlinear dust-ion acoustic solitary waves
Authors: Abdelwahed H G , Sabry R , Alsarhan A F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fully nonlinear dust-ion acoustic solitary waves are investigated in a multi-species plasma model comprised of warm positive mobile ions with a non-zero ion temperature, non-extensive electrons and negatively charged dust particles. Basic plasma system is reduced to a single energy integral using pseudopotential analysis without sorting to any perturbations or approximation scheme. Existence regions of positive and negative dust-ion acoustic waves as well as soliton profile are determined through phase portrait analysis and numerical investigations. Effects of the electrons non-extensivity parameter, temperature ratios, fractional densities and soliton speeds on both soliton polarities profiles and their corresponding pseudopotentials show that existence domains and soliton characteristics are inherently affected in the considered plasma regime. Bifurcation analysis as well as numerical investigations, revealed that only negative soliton polarities exist for plasma parameters observed in the Earth’s auroral ionosphere.
Tenfold increase in the fusion triple product caused by doubling of toroidal magnetic field in the spherical tokamak Globus-M2
Authors: Kurskiev G.S. , Gusev V.K. , Sakharov N.V. , Balachenkov I.M. , Bakharev N.N. , Bulanin V.V. , Chernyshev F.V. , Kavin A.A. , Kiselev E.O. , Khromov N.A. , Minaev V.B. , Miroshnikov I.V. , Patrov M.I. , Petrov A.V. , Petrov Yu.V. , Shchegolev P.B. , Telnova A.Yu. , Tokarev V.A. , Tolstyakov S.Yu. , Tukhmeneva E.A. , Varfolomeev V.I. , Yashin A.Yu. , Zhiltsov N.S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The current work reports on the significant rise of the fusion triple product in experiments carried out on the compact spherical tokamak (ST) Globus-M2 with a twofold increase in the toroidal magnetic field. A tenfold rise in the n . T . τ
E product was recorded during an increase in the magnetic field from 0.4 to 0.8 T and the plasma current from 0.25 to 0.4 MA at an unchanged auxiliary heating power value. Limited reasons may affect this positive trend, among which are energy confinement improvement and an increase in the efficiency of neutral beam heating. Despite the increase in the magnetic field, the neutral beam injection (NBI) led to clear and reproducible transition to the H-mode accompanied by a decrease in the turbulence level at the plasma edge. It was experimentally confirmed that strong dependence of the energy confinement time on the magnetic field value is conserved at a higher magnetic field approaching 0.8 T. Enhancement of energy confinement is connected to a collisionality (ν
*) decrease. While for conventional tokamaks the confinement dependence on collisionality becomes weaker with decreasing ν
* dependence, in the ST, in contrast, we observe its strengthening.
Life loss per death of respiratory disease attributable to non-optimal temperature: results from a national study in 364 Chinese locations
Authors: Li Xing , Zhou Maigeng , Yu Min , Xu Yanjun , Li Junhua , Xiao Yize , Huang Biao , Hu Jianxiong , Liu Tao , Guan Weijie , Chen Siqi , Xu Xiaojun , Lin Lifeng , Hu Ruying , Gong Weiwei , Hou Zhulin , Jin Donghui , Qin Mingfang , Yin Peng , Wang Lijun , Xu Yiqing , Xiao Jianpeng , Zeng Weilin , Guo Lingchuan , Wang Qiong , He Guanhao , Huang Cunrui , Zhou Chunliang , Ma Wenjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many studies have linked temperature with respiratory deaths, but epidemiological evidence of temperature-attributable years of life lost (YLL) from respiratory diseases is limited. Daily respiratory YLL rates were calculated using mortality data from 364 locations of China during 2006–2017, and meteorological data were collected for the same period. First, the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was applied to estimate specific temperature-respiratory YLL rate associations in each location. Then multivariable meta-analysis was conducted to pool the location-specific estimates. Finally, we calculated the average life loss per death (LLD) to quantify the respiratory mortality burden of non-optimal temperature. Subgroup analyses were conducted by gender, age, region and cause of death. Inversely J-shaped association was observed between non-optimal temperature and respiratory YLL rate in China. The minimum YLL-rate temperature was 26.9 °C nationwide. An average of 1.37 years (95% CI: 1.06–1.65) LLD was attributable to non-optimal temperatures with 2.06 years (95% CI: 1.57–2.60) for pneumonia, 2.03 years (95% CI: 1.76–2.31) for chronic lower respiratory infections (LRTI), 0.88 years (95% CI: 0.65–1.09) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), most of which was attributed to moderate cold (0.73 years, 95% CI: 0.65–0.80). LLD caused by non-optimal temperature was higher in males, the young, and north China. Exposure to non-optimal temperature increases respiratory YLL rate in China, most of which were attributed to moderate cold. People with respiratory diseases including pneumonia, chronic LRTI and COPD are vulnerable to non-optimal temperature exposure. The result of this study provides useful information to reduce temperature-related respiratory disease burden.
Nano-mechanical testing of Al-Nb metal matrix composites consolidated by high pressure torsion after annealing
Authors: Mulyukov R R , Nazarov K S , Shayakhmetov R U , Korznikova G F , Korznikova E A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Among different approaches for obtaining composite structures, one can distinguish the approach of severe plastic deformation that allows obtaining bulk structures from strongly dissimilar metals. The application of large strains is usually associated with grain refinement and, in some cases, with the formation of intermetallic phases, both factors contributing to the strength characteristics of the material. This work presents an investigation of nano-mechanical properties of an Al-Nb composite obtained by high pressure torsion and post deformational annealing. Measurements show that with an increase in the distance from the centre to the edge of the sample, the nanohardness increases from 2.4 to 3 GPa. Young’s modulus varies in the range from 182 to 197 GPa, which indicates the non-homogeneity of the composite sample. The Young’s modulus of the composite after high pressure torsion was found to be higher than that of pristine Al and Nb, which is probably due to the formation of the intermetallic Al3Nb phase, having an increased Young’s modulus according to ab-initio calculations.
Ultrasonic welding of metals: instruments, process parameters, and prospects of welding of ultrafine grained materials
Authors: Mukhametgalina A A , Murzinova M A , Nazarov A A , Parkhimovich N Yu , Samigullina A A , Shayakhmetova E R , Zhilyaev A P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The results of studies on the development of instruments for ultrasonic welding (USW) of metals, which is the basic process for ultrasonic additive manufacturing, are presented. The influence of process parameters (static loading and welding time) on the microstructure and strength of joints produced by USW of commercially pure copper, nickel and titanium is studied. Preliminary results of the first studies on the USW of metals in an ultrafine grained (UFG) state are presented and the prospects of using UFG metals in the ultrasonic additive manufacturing are evaluated.