bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kitamura Masakazu , Sugimoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
An 84-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with a month-long dry cough during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. She also had skin lesions on her fingers from 3 months prior. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral ground- glass opacities with a subpleural distribution, similar to the findings of COVID-19. The results of COVID-19 tests were negative. The titer of the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody was elevated. Consequently, we confirmed the diagnosis of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) and then administered oral prednisolone combined with tacrolimus. After the treatment, her symptoms, skin lesions and CT findings were gradually resolved.
Bilateral subdural hygromas after endovascular coiling for ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an unusual and rare complication
Authors: Ahmed Walid O , Mashhour Shady N , Abdelfattah Marwa E 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with subdural hygroma (SH) was rarely reported after endovascular coiling. A 60-year-old male presented with impaired consciousness and convulsions due to SAH from a ruptured aneurysm. It was managed by endovascular coiling 20 h after the onset of symptoms. Serial brain imaging for 2 weeks revealed progressive bilateral SHs, more on contralateral side of leaking aneurysm. Management of SH was discussed in a multidisciplinary setting to be conservative as there was neither significant mass effect nor hydrocephalus. The patient recovered neurologically except for mild dysarthria. The SH persisted for 2 months and then cleared gradually. We concluded that SH may arise and become symptomatic as an unusual sequela of post-coiling of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, in which the SH can complicate the clinical course of SAH. However, the symptomatic SH may resolve spontaneously and completely without any intervention, but needs meticulous neurological assessment and follow-up.
Efficient Coding and Risky Choice
Authors: Frydman Cary , Jin Lawrence J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We experimentally test a theory of risky choice in which the perception of a lottery payoff is noisy due to information processing constraints in the brain. We model perception using the principle of efficient coding, which implies that perception is most accurate for those payoffs that occur most frequently. Across two preregistered laboratory experiments, we manipulate the distribution from which payoffs in the choice set are drawn. In our first experiment, we find that risk taking is more sensitive to payoffs that are presented more frequently. In a follow-up task, we incentivize subjects to classify which of two symbolic numbers is larger. Subjects exhibit higher accuracy and faster response times for numbers they have observed more frequently. In our second experiment, we manipulate the payoff distribution so that efficient coding modulates the strength of valuation biases. As we experimentally increase the frequency of large payoffs, we find that subjects perceive the upside of a risky lottery more accurately and take greater risk. Together, our experimental results suggest that risk taking depends systematically on the payoff distribution to which the decision maker’s perceptual system has recently adapted. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of imprecise and efficient coding in economic decision making.
THE IN-SITU CALIBRATION METHOD FOR AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT DOSEMETERS
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Feifei , Xu Yang , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ambient dose equivalent dosemeters are widely distributed in nuclear facilities for routine continuous monitoring or nuclear accident emergency monitoring, they are inconvenient to be disassembled and sent to the metrology laboratory for calibration. To ensure the accuracy of such dosemeters, the research of in-situ calibration method has been carried out. Ambient dose equivalent secondary standard ionization chamber and portable gamma ray irradiation facility have been designed for in-situ calibration. The experiments of in-situ calibration were carried out in five typical sites located in China Institute of Atomic Energy, results showed that the relative deviation between in-situ calibration factors and metrology laboratory calibration factors are within 5%.The combined standard uncertainty of the in-situ calibration factor is 2.8%, and the expanded uncertainty is 5.6% (k=2).The in-situ calibration method can meet the calibration requirements of the fixed ambient dose equivalent dosemeters.
Pushing the Limits: Perinatal Outcomes Beyond Prolonged Second Stage
Authors: Gimovsky Alexis C. , Aizman Leora , Sparks Andrew , Levine Jordan T. 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021;34:409–415)
The management of prolonged second stage (PSS) of labor has been a topic of debate for many years. In nulliparous women, PSS had been defined as 3 hours of labor with epidural and 2 hours without, according to American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines for many years.
Race and Genetic Ancestry in Medicine—A Time for Reckoning With Racism
Authors: Borrell Luisa N. , Elhawary Jennifer R. , Fuentes-Afflick Elena , Witonsky Jonathan , Bhakta Nirav , Wu Alan H. B. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Rodríguez-Santana José R. , Lenoir Michael A. , Gavin James R. , Kittles Rick A. , Zaitlen Noah A. , Wilkes David S. , Powe Neil R. , Ziv Elad , Burchard Esteban G. 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;384:474–480)
This article published in The New England Journal of Medicine emphasizes the importance of including race and ethnicity in biomedical research and clinical practice. These variables are important in the consideration of epidemiologic information, including social determinants of health such as racism and discrimination, socioeconomic position, and environmental exposures.
Long-Term Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Borderline Tumors After Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Spaan Mandy , van den Belt-Dusebout Alexandra W. , Lambalk Cornelis B. , van Boven Hester H. , Schats Roel , Kortman Marian , Broekmans Frank J. M. , Laven Joop S. E. , van Santbrink Evert J. P. , Braat Didi D. M. , van der Westerlaken Lucette A. J. , Cohlen Ben J. , Cantineau Astrid E. P. , Smeenk Jesper M. J. , van Rumste Minouche M. , Goddijn Mariëtte , van Golde Ron J. T. , Meeuwissen Paul A. M. , Hamilton Carl J. C. M. , Ouwens Gabriële M. , Gerritsma Miranda A. , Schaapveld Michael , Burger Curt W. , van Leeuwen Flora E. 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from J Natl Cancer Inst 2021;113:699–709)
Despite inconclusive evidence, concerns that assisted reproductive technology may be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer remain. Significant increases in gonadotropin levels and disruption of ovarian epithelium have been proposed as mechanisms to explain this potential association.
Preoperative Counseling Method and Postoperative Opioid Usage: A Secondary Analysis of the PREOP Study
Authors: Sassani Jessica C. , Artsen Amanda M. , Grosse Philip J. , Baranski Lindsey , Kunkle Lauren , Ackenbom Mary F. 
Published: August 2021

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021;27:175–180)
Preoperative counseling either in an office setting or by phone has been associated with improved postoperative satisfaction, surgical outcomes, and decreased postoperative opioid use in some surgical fields. A recent study analyzing perioperative opioid counseling versus standard of care found no significant decrease in opioid usage among a urogynecologic patient population.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Clinical Predictive Model to Estimate the Risk of Red Blood Cell Requirements in Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Tomás-Biosca Ana , Martinez-Simon Antonio , Guridi Jorge , Honorato-Cia Cristina , Cacho-Asenjo Elena , Tejada Solís Sonia , Bejarano Bartolomé , Becerra-Castro Maria V. , Nuñez-Cordoba Jorge M. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The identification of factors associated with perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion provides an opportunity to optimize the patient and surgical plan, and to guide perioperative crossmatch and RBC orders. We examined the association among potential bleeding risk factors and RBC requirements to develop a novel predictive model for RBC transfusion in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 696 adults who underwent brain tumor surgery between 2008 and 2018. Multivariable logistic regression with backward stepwise selection for predictor selection was used during modeling. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration was evaluated with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit χ2-estimate.

Results:
Preoperative hemoglobin level was inversely associated with the probability of RBC transfusion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39-0.63; P<0.001). The need for RBC transfusion was also greater in patients who had a previous craniotomy (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.32-5.57; P=0.007) and in those with larger brain tumor volume (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; P=0.009). The relationship between number of planned craniotomy sites and RBC transfusion was not statistically significant (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 0.61-7.32; P=0.238). A predictive model for RBC requirements was built using these 4 variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.87; P<0.001) showing acceptable calibration for predicting RBC transfusion requirements.

Conclusions:
RBC requirements in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery can be estimated with acceptable accuracy using a predictive model based on readily available preoperative clinical variables. This predictive model could help to optimize both individual patients and surgical plans, and to guide perioperative crossmatch orders.
Expert Consensus on Nail Procedures and Selection of CPT Codes
Authors: Baltz Julia O. , Rubin Adam , Adigun Chris , Daniel C. Ralph , Hinshaw Molly , Knacksedt Thomas , Lipner Shari R. , Rich Phoebe , Stern Dana , Zaiac Martin , Jellinek Nathaniel J. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Dermatologists specialize in treating conditions of the skin, hair, and nails; however, it is our experience that the field of nail diseases is the least discussed facet of dermatology. Even less acknowledged is the complexity of nail procedures and how best to accurately code for these procedures.

OBJECTIVE
To convene a panel of experts in nail disease to reach consensus on the most accurate and appropriate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes associated with the most commonly performed nail procedures.

METHODS
A questionnaire including 9 of the most commonly performed nail procedures and potential CPT codes was sent to experts in the treatment of nail disease, defined as those clinicians running a nail subspecialty clinic and performing nail procedures with regularity. A conference call was convened to discuss survey results.

RESULTS
Unanimous consensus was reached on the appropriate CPT codes associated with all discussed procedures.

LIMITATIONS
Although this article details the most commonly performed nail procedures, many were excluded and billing for these procedures continues to be largely subjective. This article is meant to serve as a guide for clinicians but should not be impervious to interpretation in specific clinical situations.

CONCLUSION
Billing of nail procedures remains a practice gap within our field. The authors hope that the expert consensus on the most appropriate CPT codes associated with commonly performed nail procedures will aid clinicians as they diagnose and treat disorders of the nail unit and encourage accurate and complete billing practices.
Gaseous and Particulate Content of Laser Tattoo Removal Plume
Authors: Levin Yakir S. , Grant Michael P. , Glassford Eric , Green Brett J. , Lemons Angela R. , Avram Mathew M. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
There is increasing awareness of the potential hazards of surgical plumes. The plume associated with laser tattoo removal remains uncharacterized.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the gaseous, particulate, and microbiological content of the laser tattoo removal plume.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Air sampling was performed during laser tattoo removal from pig skin and from patients. Measurement of metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), and ultrafine particulates (UPs) as well as bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing were performed.

RESULTS
Metals were identified in the plume from both pig and human skin. Volatile organic compounds were found at similar levels within and outside the treatment room. Several bacterial phyla were detected in the treatment room, but not outside. High levels of UPs were measured throughout the treatment room during tattoo removal from pig skin. Ultrafine particulates were detected at low levels in the room periphery during tattoo removal from human skin, but at higher levels in the immediate treatment zone. HS and CO were not detected.

CONCLUSION
Metals, VOCs, HS, and CO were found at levels below applicable occupational exposure limits. The presence of bacteria is of uncertain significance, but may be hazardous. High levels of UPs require further investigation.
Complications and Surgical Treatment of Breast Augmentation Using Autologous Fat Transfer and Fillers
Authors: Sakai Shigeki , Ishii Naohiro , Nakamura Yukie , Matsuzaki Kyoichi , Sakai Shigemi , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Breast augmentation with autologous fat grafting or hyaluronic acid injection requires minimal loss of healthy tissue. With an increasing trend of breast augmentation with these fillers, accompanying complications have also increased. Patients with complications often complain of induration, cyst formation, calcification, and infection, which require surgical treatment. We will discuss these complications and their surgical treatment through our experience of cases.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 20 patients who all required surgical treatment due to breast augmentation complications such as induration, cyst formation, calcification, and infection, and who visited us between May 2007 and June 2018. The patients’ ages ranged from 25 to 63, and the mean age was 39.9. The material used for breast augmentation was fat for 17 cases, and hyaluronic acid, paraffin, and silicon for one case each. The results were analyzed through plastic surgeons at our hospital.

Results:
We performed a zigzag incision in the peri-areola margin to 17 of 18 patients for complications of autologous fat grafting and hyaluronic acid injection. The one excluded patient required an adipo-fascial flap from an inframammary fold incision. For one patient with silicon injection complication and one patient with paraffin injection complication, each required mammary gland resection.

Conclusions:
A zigzag incision in the peri-areolar margin was useful for treating complications of breast augmentation with autologous fat grafting and hyaluronic acid injection. All cases resulted in inconspicuous fine scars, with high patient satisfaction. However, this incision was insufficient to remove injected silicon and paraffin.
Capillary vascular density in the retina of hypertensive patients is associated with a non-dipping pattern independent of mean ambulatory blood pressure
Authors: Nolde Janis M. , Frost Shaun , Kannenkeril Dennis , Lugo-Gavidia Leslie Marisol , Chan Justine , Joyson Anu , Azzam Omar , Carnagarin Revathy , Kiuchi Marcio G. , Vignarajan Janardhan , Schlaich Markus P. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
A nocturnal non-dipping pattern has been associated with hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), morbidity and mortality. Retinal imaging through application of modern technologies including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) can provide detailed insights into early vascular damage. In this observational study, we investigated the relationship of microscopic vascular density in the retina measured with OCT-A and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping.

Methods:
Retinal OCT-A and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data prospectively obtained from 142 patients referred to a tertiary hypertension clinic were analysed with regression models for associations between BP night-time dipping and retinal capillary vascular density in three different zones around the fovea.

Results:
More pronounced nocturnal SBP and DBP dipping was significantly associated with increased vascular density in the central foveal area of the retina. These associations were robust to adjustment for other available risk factors including mean daytime BP. Parafoveal and whole image vascular density did not show equivalent significant associations with nocturnal BP dipping. The results were reproducible when assessed in a subgroup of patients who had concomitant type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion:
Foveal vascular density was associated with the nocturnal BP dipping pattern in hypertensive patients. These associations were robust to adjustment of relevant factors such as daytime BP. Our findings highlight the importance of nocturnal BP features reflected in ambulatory BP monitoring in the assessment of HMOD. Whether routine assessment of retinal damage markers may improve risk management of hypertensive patients remains to be determined.
Changes in visual outcomes and ocular morphometrics after foldable myopic and toric intraocular lens implantation: 5-year results
Authors: Jonker Soraya M.R. , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. , Ronden Annick E. , Saelens Isabelle E.Y. , Bauer Noël J.C. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the refractive, visual, and morphometric changes after implantation with a foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) to correct myopia or astigmatism.

Setting:
University Eye Clinic Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Design:
Prospective case series.

Methods:
We evaluated patients implanted with the Artiflex Myopia Toric (Ophtec B.V.) iris-fixated pIOL as of January 2004. Measurements were performed annually and reported after 1 and 5 years.

Results:
The study included 481 eyes (277 patients; age 39.8 ± 10.9 years [SD]). 5 years postoperatively, 91% of eyes were within ±1.0 diopter (D) of target, and the mean myopization over a 5-year period was 0.22 D (P < .001). The logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) increased by a mean 0.015 (P = .015) over 5 years; 88% of eyes had a CDVA of 20/20 or better, and 5.5% lost 2 or more lines of CDVA. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) increased by 0.045 logMAR over 5 years (P < .001); 96% reached an UDVA of 20/40 or more. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) decreased by 0.04 mm (P < .001), and axial length (AL) increased by 0.23 mm (P < .001) over 5 years. Chronic endothelial cell loss showed a 5-year decline of 320 cells/mm2 in the myopic and 310 cells/mm2 in the toric subgroups (P < .001). Cataract resulted in pIOL explantation in 4.0% of eyes (mean survival 59.0 ± 40.0 months); higher preoperative age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; P < .001) and smaller ACD (HR, 6.80; P = .035) were risk factors for shorter survival due to cataract formation.

Conclusions:
Over 5 years, logMAR CDVA and UDVA decreased significantly due to myopization caused by lenticular changes and AL elongation.
Astigmatic change as a predictor of intrastromal corneal ring segment late extrusion
Authors: D'Oria Francesco , Alio Jorge L. , Martinez-Abad Antonio , Izquierdo Luis , Larco Pablo , Abdelghany Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate changes in keratoconic corneas implanted with intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) that have been explanted because of late extrusion of the segment after >2 years.

Setting:
Vissum Miranza, Alicante, Spain; OftalmoSalud, Lima, Peru; Minya University Hospital, Egypt.

Design:
Retrospective multicenter case series.

Methods:
23 keratoconic corneas that were implanted for ≥2 years and explanted because of natural extrusion of the segment. Clinical measures of visual, refractive, topographic, pachymetric, and aberrometric data were analyzed. To perform exploratory factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was used to evaluate sampling adequacy. Factor analysis with VARIMAX rotation was used to determine the main factors of the inventory.

Results:
The mean time interval was 5 years. Topographic findings were reversed nearly to the baseline level after segment explantation (Km: 48.97 ± 3.47 D pre implantation and 47.60 ± 3.67 D after explantation, P =.374). Significant worsened in refractive cylinder was found pre-ICRS extrusion (‒2.54 ± 3.40 D after implantation and ‒3.96 ± 1.72 before extrusion, P < .05). The main factor obtained in the preimplantation moment included keratoconus grade, keratometric readings, and visual acuities. After ICRS implantation, the most strength components were the refractive cylinder, corrected distance visual acuity, and uncorrected distance visual acuity. Corneal aberrations were the main factors in the pre-explantation analysis.

Conclusions:
ICRSs were safely extracted, with a reversal of the corneal topographic data to the preoperative level. A significant astigmatic change was shown in patients implanted with ICRSs before late extrusion of the segment, suggesting the role of this parameter as a prognostic factor of extrusion.
The fertility preservation decision-making and testicular sperm retrieval outcome in older adolescents with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome and azoospermia
Authors: Weng Han-Yu , Lin Tsung-Yen , Lin Yung-Ming , Cheng Yu-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

Background:
This study aims to analyze the fertility preservation decision-making and the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) in older adolescents (age 15–19 years) with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and azoospermia in a male reproductive clinic, and to determine the accumulated SRR in older adolescents by literature review.

Methods:
Older adolescents with nonmosaic KS and azoospermia referred for hypogonadism and fertility concerns were enrolled. Reproductive counseling and fertility preservation options were offered to patients/parents. The acceptability and the reasons affecting the reproductive decision-making were analyzed. Patients/parents who agreed on fertility preservation received microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) and cryopreservation. A comprehensive literature review regarding the SRRs in older adolescents with KS was conducted.

Results:
A total of eight older adolescents were enrolled. After fertility preservation counseling, three patients/parents (37.5%) agreed to receive mTESE, and spermatozoa were successfully retrieved in two. “Lack of interest” and “inconsistent sperm retrieval result” were the main reasons for refusal. A total of 89 older adolescents from nine articles, and ours were collected for SRR analysis. Most of the reports had a limited number of cases, and none of them described the acceptance rate of sperm retrieval in adolescents. Forty-three out of 89 older adolescents (48.3%) had successful sperm retrieval, and there was no significant difference in the SRR between the mTESE and conventional TESE.

Conclusion:
Successful testicular sperm retrieval in older adolescents with KS is not superior to those reported in adults. Adolescents and their parents should undergo a detailed reproductive consultation process and shared decision-making discussion before considering testicular sperm retrieval.