bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel amplification gene PCI domain containing 2 (PCID2) promotes colorectal cancer through directly degrading a tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia (PML)
Authors: Zhang Jingwan , Zhai Jianning , Wong Chi Chun , Chen Huarong , Wang Xiaohong , Ji Jiafu , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using whole genome sequencing, PCI Domain Containing 2 (PCID2) was identified to be amplified in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the expression, biological function, molecular mechanism, and clinical implication of PCID2 in CRC. PCID2 mRNA and protein expression were higher in CRC cells and tumor tissues compared to healthy colonic tissues. The copy number of PCID2 was positively correlated with its mRNA expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that PCID2 is an independent prognostic factor for CRC recurrence. Functional studies showed that PCID2 promoted cell growth, cell cycle progression, and cell migration/invasion, while apoptosis was suppressed. Moreover, PCID2 promoted xenograft growth and lung metastasis in nude mice. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy, we showed that PCID2 binds to promyelocytic leukemia (PML), a tumor suppressor involved in non-canonical β-catenin signaling. PCID2 promoted the degradation of PML via poly-ubiquitination, which in turn, induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling while simultaneously repressing ARF-p53 pathway. Thus, these results demonstrated that PCID2 functions as an oncogene in CRC by enhancing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibition of CTNNB1-ARF-p53 axis. PCID2 promoted canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC via degradation of PML. PCID2 may serve as an independent prediction marker for CRC recurrence.
Increasing awareness of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a preventative cause of non-traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Zipser Carl M. , Margetis Konstantinos , Pedro Karlo M. , Curt Armin , Fehlings Michael , Sadler Iwan , Tetreault Lindsay , Davies Benjamin M. ,   On behalf of the AO Spine RECODE DCM Steering Committee, Kotter Mark , Davies Benjamin , Kwon Brian , Zipser Carl , Kurpad Shekar , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Aarabi Bizhan , Harrop James , Guest James , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , McNair Angus , Furlan Julio , Sadler Iwan , Houghton Delphine , Sarewitz Ellen , Carter Julia , Miller Margot , Boerger Timothy , Howard Paige , Widdop Shirley , Salzman Carla , Milligan Jamie , Merli Geno J. , Chen Robert , Wilson Jefferson R. , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo ,   Members of the Diagnostic Criteria Working Group, Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Wilson Jamie R. F. , Kimmatkar Nitin , Milligan Jamie , Davies Benjamin , Yurac Ratko , Cameron Lucy , Zipser Carl , Abdel-Wanis Mohamed , Sarewitz Ellen , Costa Bruno Lourenço , Widdop Shirley , Betz Michael , Obadaseraye Oke , Pedro Karlo , Wood Lianne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDegenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common non-traumatic spinal cord disorder and characterized by progressive neurological impairment. Generally, it is still underdiagnosed and referral to spine specialists is often late, when patients already present with incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). To improve early diagnosis and accelerate referral, diagnostic criteria for DCM are required. Recently, AO Spine RECODE- DCM (REsearch Objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy) (aospine.org/recode), an international, interdisciplinary and interprofessional initiative, including patients with DCM, was funded with the aim to accelerate knowledge discovery that can change outcomes. In this perspective we advocate for the participation of SCI specialists in this process, where the expertise and perspective on this disorder and requirements for the diagnostic and therapeutic work up is well developed.
The tertiary structure of the human Xkr8–Basigin complex that scrambles phospholipids at plasma membranes
Authors: Sakuragi Takaharu , Kanai Ryuta , Tsutsumi Akihisa , Narita Hirotaka , Onishi Eriko , Nishino Kohei , Miyazaki Takuya , Baba Takeshi , Kosako Hidetaka , Nakagawa Atsushi , Kikkawa Masahide , Toyoshima Chikashi , Nagata Shigekazu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractXkr8–Basigin is a plasma membrane phospholipid scramblase activated by kinases or caspases. We combined cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography to investigate its structure at an overall resolution of 3.8 Å. Its membrane-spanning region carrying 22 charged amino acids adopts a cuboid-like structure stabilized by salt bridges between hydrophilic residues in transmembrane helices. Phosphatidylcholine binding was observed in a hydrophobic cleft on the surface exposed to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Six charged residues placed from top to bottom inside the molecule were essential for scrambling phospholipids in inward and outward directions, apparently providing a pathway for their translocation. A tryptophan residue was present between the head group of phosphatidylcholine and the extracellular end of the path. Its mutation to alanine made the Xkr8–Basigin complex constitutively active, indicating that it plays a vital role in regulating its scramblase activity. The structure of Xkr8–Basigin provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying phospholipid scrambling.
Red-Light-Induced N,N′-Dipropyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropylamines with Alkenes or Alkynes
Authors: Gianetti Thomas L. , Stull Savannah M. , Mei Liangyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA red-light-mediated [3+2] annulation of cyclopropylamines with akenes or alkynes in the presence of N,N′-dipropyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium is reported. An array of cyclopentane or cyclopentene derivatives with diverse functional groups have been obtained in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
Cardiovascular Mortality after Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Noumegni Steve Raoul , Grangereau Thomas , Demir Arzu , Bressollette Luc , Couturaud Francis , Hoffmann Clément 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany studies from current literature show that cardiovascular diseases in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are more frequent than in the general population without VTE. However, data summarizing the impact of cardiovascular diseases on mortality of patients with VTE are lacking. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the frequency and incidence rate of cardiovascular death in patients with VTE. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 1, 2000 to February 28, 2021. Eligible studies were observational prospective cohort studies including patients with VTE and reporting all causes of death. Cardiovascular death was defined as deaths that result from new or recurrent pulmonary embolism, death due to acute myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death or heart failure, death due to stroke, death due to cardiovascular procedures or hemorrhage, death due to ruptured aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection and death due to other cardiovascular causes. Random-effect models meta-analysis served to determine all pooled effect size of interest with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Thirteen observational studies enrolling 22,251 patients were identified and included. The mean/median age varied between 49 and 75 years. The proportion of men ranged from 38.3 to 53.2%. The overall pooled frequency of cardiovascular death in patients with VTE was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.5–5.6%), while the overall pooled frequency of all-cause mortality was 12.0% (95% CI: 9.1–15.4%). The pooled proportion of cardiovascular death among all causes of deaths in patients with VTE was 35.2% (95% CI: 22.2–49.3%). The pooled incidence rate of cardiovascular death was 1.92 per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 0–4.1). The frequency of cardiovascular death in patients with VTE was significantly higher than in patients without VTE (risk ratio: 3.85, 95% CI: 2.75–5.39). Based on this updated meta-analysis from 13 prospective cohort studies, cardiovascular death in patients with VTE is more frequent than in the general population without VTE.
Safety and Efficacy of Rivaroxaban for Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis after Successful Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis
Authors: Du Jun , Nie Menglin , Yan Zhitong , Fu Jian , Sun Jianming , Liu Fanyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRivaroxaban use for inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis after successful catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is rarely reported. This study aimed at investigating the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban for IVC thrombosis after CDT. The clinical data on 38 consecutive patients with IVC thrombosis (68% male; mean age, 51.5 ± 16.5), who received rivaroxaban after CDT between July 2017 and January 2020, were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban (bleedings and recurrent venous thromboembolism), cumulative prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), primary patency, clinically driven target lesion revascularization rate, and other adverse events including all-cause mortality and vascular events (systemic embolism, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack) were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 38 patients who received rivaroxaban for IVC thrombosis after CDT, 27 (71%) had an anticoagulant duration of 6 months and 11 patients (29%) of more than 6 months. Four patients (10%) suffered recurrent thrombosis. No patient suffered major bleeding, while clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in two (5%) patients. The cumulative prevalence of PTS was 18% (7/38) during the 12 months follow-up period. Primary patency at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 97, 92, 90, and 90%, respectively. According to follow-up data, the clinically driven target lesion revascularization of this study was 10%. Cardiovascular events and mortality did not occur in any patient during the study period. Rivaroxaban for IVC thrombosis after successful CDT can be safe and effective.
Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Page Martin J. , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction—(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation—illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
Reprowebs: a conceptual approach to elasticity and change in the global assisted reproduction industry
Authors: König Anika , Jacobson Heather 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the last few decades, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become increasingly transregional and transnational, often involving travel within or between countries or even continents. Until recently, the global ART industry was marked by so-called ‘reprohubs’—places (such as southern California, Dubai, Anand, and Mumbai) specializing in the provision of reproductive services. While reprohubs continue to exist, in the last few years, many have splayed out, transforming into something more akin to webs that encompass, but go beyond these hubs. These webs show a unique dynamic capability to tighten, entangle, or extend in reaction to local and global changes, a characteristic which became particularly obvious during the global Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we propose conceptualizing this new dynamic capability as ‘reprowebs’—an approach that adds a new dimension to the existing conceptualization of reproductive travel and helps us to better understand current developments in the global ART industry.
Time domain optical imaging device based on a commercial time-to-digital converter
Authors: Pérez-Tirador P. , Papadimitriou K. I. , Powell S. , Hebden J. C. 
Published: October 2021

Time-domain diffuse optical imaging is a noninvasive technique that uses pulsed near-infrared light as the interrogation source to produce quantitative images displaying the variation in blood volume and oxygenation in the human brain. Measuring the times of flights of photons provides information on the photon pathlengths in tissue, which enables absolute concentrations of the oxygenated and deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin to be estimated. Recent advances in silicon electronics have enabled the development of time-domain systems, which are lightweight and low cost, potentially enabling the imaging technique to be applied to a far greater cohort of subjects in a variety of environments. While such technology usually depends on customized circuits, in this article, we present a system assembled from commercially available components, including a low-cost time-to-digital converter and a silicon photomultiplier detector. The system is able to generate histograms of photon flight times at a rate of 81–90 kS/s and with a sampled bin width of 54 ps. The linearity and performance of the system are presented, and its potential as the basis for a modular multi-detector imaging system is explored.
Relative calibration of a retarding field energy analyzer sensor array for spatially resolved measurements of the ion flux and ion energy in low temperature plasmas
Authors: Ries Stefan , Schroeder Manuel , Woestefeld Marc , Corbella Carles , Korolov Ihor , Awakowicz Peter , Schulze Julian 
Published: October 2021

A calibration routine is presented for an array of retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) sensors distributed across a planar electrode surface with a diameter of 450 mm that is exposed to a low temperature plasma. Such an array is used to measure the ion velocity distribution function at the electrode with radial and azimuthal resolutions as a basis for knowledge-based plasma process development. The presented calibration procedure is tested by exposing such an RFEA array to a large-area capacitively coupled argon plasma driven by two frequencies (13.56 and 27.12 MHz) at a gas pressure of 0.5 Pa. Up to 12 sensors are calibrated with respect to the 13th sensor, called the global reference sensor, by systematically varying the sensor positions across the array. The results show that the uncalibrated radial and azimuthal ion flux profiles are incorrect. The obtained profiles are different depending on the sensor arrangement and exhibit different radial and azimuthal behaviors. Based on the proposed calibration routine, the ion flux profiles can be corrected and a meaningful interpretation of the measured data is possible. The calibration factors are almost independent of the external process parameters, namely, input power, gas pressure, and gas mixture, investigated under large-area single-frequency capacitively coupled plasma conditions (27.12 MHz). Thus, mean calibration factors are determined based on 45 different process conditions and can be used independent of the plasma conditions. The temporal stability of the calibration factors is found to be limited, i.e., the calibration must be repeated periodically.
Gradient in refractive index reveals denser near free surface region in thin polymer films
Authors: Han Yixuan , Roth Connie B. 
Published: October 2021

A gradient in refractive index that is linear in magnitude with depth into the film is used to fit ellipsometric data for thin polymer films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP). We find that the linear gradient model fits provide more physically realistic refractive index values for thin films compared with the commonly used homogeneous Cauchy layer model, addressing recent reports of physically unrealistic density increases. Counter to common expectations of a simple free volume correlation between density and dynamics, we find that the direction of refractive index (density) gradient indicates a higher density near the free surface, which we rationalize based on the observed faster free surface dynamics needed to create vapor deposited stable glasses with optimized denser molecular packings. The magnitude of refractive index gradient is observed to be three times larger for PMMA than for PS films, while P2VP films exhibit a more muted response possibly reflective of a decoupling in free surface and substrate dynamics in systems with strong interfacial interactions.
All-atom molecular dynamics study of hepatitis B virus containing pregenome RNA in solution
Authors: Fujimoto Kazushi , Yamaguchi Youhei , Urano Ryo , Shinoda Wataru , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Omagari Katsumi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Nakagawa Atsushi , Okazaki Susumu 
Published: October 2021

Immature hepatitis B virus (HBV) captures nucleotides in its capsid for reverse transcription. The nucleotides and nucleotide analog drugs, which are triphosphorylated and negatively charged in the cell, approach the capsid via diffusion and are absorbed into it. In this study, we performed a long-time molecular dynamics calculation of the entire HBV capsid containing pregenome RNA to investigate the interactions between the capsid and negatively charged substances. Electric field analysis demonstrated that negatively charged substances can approach the HBV capsid by thermal motion, avoiding spikes. The substances then migrate all over the floor of the HBV capsid. Finally, they find pores through which they can pass through the HBV capsid shell. Free energy profiles were calculated along these pores for small ions to understand their permeability through the pores. Anions (Cl−) showed higher free energy barriers than cations (Na+ and K+) through all pores, and the permeation rate of Cl− was eight times slower than that of K+ or Na+. Furthermore, the ions were more stable in the capsid than in the bulk water. Thus, the HBV capsid exerts ion selectivity for uptake and provides an environment for ions, such as nucleotides and nucleotide analog drugs, to be stabilized within the capsid.
Reframing spatial policy through targeting diagnostic tools: potential and deprivation
Authors: Hooton Christopher A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Spatial policy targeting can differ greatly across programs due to myriad thematic goals, geographical unit systems, and conceptualisations. The current paper seeks to better understand how these differences may impact policy effectiveness by examining the theory of spatial targeting accuracy and the methodological tools for assessing it ex ante. It is the first comprehensive examination, to the extent of the author’s knowledge, of these concepts. The paper finds two clear families of diagnostic tools—concentration-based measures and characteristic-based measures—and two conceptual camps for improving ex ante accuracy—one based on economic potential and one based on deprivation.
Behçet’s disease: a case report about a rare cause of intra-cardiac mass
Authors: Briosa Alexandra , Gomes Ana Catarina , CastelBranco Ana , Cunha Margarida , Sousa Sandra , Almeida Ana Rita , Calhau Paulo , Pereira Hélder 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Intra-cardiac masses are always a challenging diagnosis, especially when it involves the right side of the heart. There are multiples aetiologies that can be responsible for these masses, namely thrombosis, neoplasm, or vegetations. Occasionally, these may be related to an autoimmune process not yet diagnosed. We present a case of a 17-year-old patient with an exuberant right ventricular mass due to a not yet diagnosed Behçet’s disease. The best approach and treatment for these patients remains uncertain.

Case summary
The authors present a case of a 17-year-old patient with a right ventricular mass who presented as an initial manifestation of Behçet’s disease. It was firstly assumed as a thrombotic mass and medicated with anticoagulation, with no resolution. After performing a cardiac magnetic resonance, the case was discussed in a multidisciplinary team, including cardiology, paediatrics, and rheumatology, and the diagnosis of Behçet’s disease with cardiac complication was established. The patient started immunosuppressive therapy with clinical and echocardiographic response.

Discussion
Behçet’s disease is a multi-systemic autoimmune vasculitis that usually manifests by recurrent oral and genital ulcers as well as ocular symptoms. Cardiac manifestations are rare but important aspects of the course of the disease, especially in what concerns morbidity burden. The treatment of these cardiovascular complications is generally empirical and involves the treatment of the underlying disease.
Income tax progressivity and inflation during the world wars
Authors: Torregrosa-Hetland Sara , Sabaté Oriol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of inflation on income taxes in Sweden, the UK, and the United States during the world wars. As tax reforms were rising top marginal rates and reducing exemption thresholds, extraordinary levels of inflation eroded the real value of exemptions, brackets, and deductions. The micro-simulation of actual and alternative scenarios shows that inflation made the tax less progressive, particularly in Sweden during World War I and the UK during World War II. Nevertheless, its redistributive effect increased due to the related growth in tax revenue. Inflation contributed to transform a “class tax’’ into a “mass tax”.
Egyptian Association of Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Consensus on The Usage of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure
Authors: Reda Ashraf , Elserafy Ahmed Shawky , Farag Elsayed , Mostafa Tamer , Farag Nabil , Elbahary Atef , Sanad Osama , Tabl Mohamed Abdelshafy , Bendary Ahmed , Elkersh Ahmed , Ashraf Mohamed , Attia Ihab , Beshay Morad , Ragy Hany , Selim Mohammed , Khamis Hazem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Analysis of SGLT2i data from DAPA-HF and EMPEROR- reduced trials to put a simplified consensus statement on the use of these glucose lowering agents in patients with established heart failure.

Methods and Results
Sixty experts in the field of cardiology revised the literature of the SGLT2i in heart failure, their recommended indications, and their contraindications. Data from DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-reduced trials were tabulated and statistically analysed. SGLT2 inhibitors investigated initially for their glucose lowering capability, have shown a significant benefit in chronic heart failure eit reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Conclusions
We recommend early use of dapagliflozin 10 mg, or empagliflozin 10 mg in patients suffering from symptomatic chronic HFrEF, whether the patient is diabetic or non, to improve heart failure hospitalization, death, symptoms, and decline of renal function.