bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites
Authors: Shi Jie , Zhao Di , Zhao Fan , Wang Chong , Zamaratskaia Galia , Li Chunbao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.
A novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone improves skin barrier function impaired by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
Authors: Lee Hanil , Choi Eun-Jeong , Kim Eun Jung , Son Eui Dong , Kim Hyoung-June , Park Won-Seok , Kang Young-Gyu , Shin Kyong-Oh , Park Kyungho , Kim Jin-Chul , Kim Su-Nam , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExcess glucocorticoids (GCs) with either endogenous or exogenous origins deteriorate skin barrier function. GCs bind to mineralocorticoid and GC receptors (MRs and GRs) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Inappropriate MR activation by GCs mediates various GC-induced cutaneous adverse events. We examined whether MR antagonists can ameliorate GC-mediated skin barrier dysfunction in NHEKs, reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and subjects under psychological stress (PS). In a preliminary clinical investigation, topical MR antagonists improved skin barrier function in topical GC-treated subjects. In NHEKs, cortisol induced nuclear translocation of GR and MR, and GR and MR antagonists inhibited cortisol-induced reductions of keratinocyte differentiation. We identified 7,3’,4’-trihydroxyisoflavone (7,3’,4’-THIF) as a novel compound that inhibits MR transcriptional activity by screening 30 cosmetic compounds. 7,3’,4’-THIF ameliorated the cortisol effect which decreases keratinocyte differentiation in NHEKs and RHE. In a clinical study on PS subjects, 7,3',4'-THIF (0.1%)-containing cream improved skin barrier function, including skin surface pH, barrier recovery rate, and stratum corneum lipids. In conclusion, skin barrier dysfunction owing to excess GC is mediated by MR and GR; thus, it could be prevented by treatment with MR antagonists. Therefore, topical MR antagonists are a promising therapeutic option for skin barrier dysfunction after topical GC treatment or PS.
Introduction and reproducibility of an updated practical grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis based on high-resolution MR imaging
Authors: Sartoretti Elisabeth , Wyss Michael , Alfieri Alex , Binkert Christoph A. , Erne Cyril , Sartoretti-Schefer Sabine , Sartoretti Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we sought to develop and assess the reproducibility of an updated 6-point grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis based on the widely used Lee classification that more accurately describes lumbar foraminal stenosis as seen on high-resolution MRI. Grade A indicates absence of foraminal stenosis. Grades B, C, D and E indicate presence of foraminal stenosis with contact of the nerve root with surrounding anatomical structures (on one, two, three or four sides for B, C, D and E respectively) yet without morphological change of the nerve root. To each grade, a number code indicating the location of contact between the nerve root and surrounding anatomical structure(s) is appended. 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicate contact of the nerve root at superior, posterior, inferior and anterior position of the borders of the lumbar foramen. Grade F indicates presence of foraminal stenosis with morphological change of the nerve root. Three readers graded the lumbar foramina of 101 consecutive patients using high-resolution T2w (and T1w) MR images with a spatial resolution of beyond 0.5 mm3. Interreader agreement was excellent (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.866–1). Importantly, 30.6%/31.6%/32.2% (reader 1/reader 2/ reader 3) of foramina were assigned grades that did not appear in the original Lee grading system (grades B and D). The readers found no foramen that could not be described accurately with the updated grading system. Thus, an updated 6-point grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis is reproducible and comprehensively describes lumbar foraminal stenosis as seen on high-resolution MRI.
Contribution of genetic ancestry and polygenic risk score in meeting vitamin B12 needs in healthy Brazilian children and adolescents
Authors: Fuzo Carlos Alessandro , da Veiga Ued Fábio , Moco Sofia , Cominetti Ornella , Métairon Sylviane , Pruvost Solenn , Charpagne Aline , Carayol Jerome , Torrieri Raul , Silva Wilson Araujo , Descombes Patrick , Kaput Jim , Monteiro Jacqueline Pontes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolymorphisms in genes related to the metabolism of vitamin B12 haven’t been examined in a Brazilian population. To (a) determine the correlation between the local genetic ancestry components and vitamin B12 levels using ninety B12-related genes; (b) determine associations between these genes and their SNPs with vitamin B12 levels; (c) determine a polygenic risk score (PRS) using significant variants. This cross-sectional study included 168 children and adolescents, aged 9–13 years old. Total cobalamin was measured in plasma. Genotyping arrays and whole exome data were combined to yield ~ 7000 SNPs in 90 genes related to vitamin B12. The Efficient Local Ancestry Inference was used to estimate local ancestry for African (AFR), Native American, and European (EUR). The association between the genotypes and vitamin B12 levels were determined with generalized estimating equation. Vitamin B12 levels were driven by positive (EUR) and negative (AFR, AMR) correlations with genetic ancestry. A set of 36 variants were used to create a PRS that explained 42% of vitamin level variation. Vitamin B12 levels are influenced by genetic ancestry and a PRS explained almost 50% of the variation in plasma cobalamin in Brazilian children and adolescents.
Urine NMR-based TB metabolic fingerprinting for the diagnosis of TB in children
Authors: Comella-del-Barrio Patricia , Izquierdo-Garcia José Luis , Gautier Jacqueline , Doresca Mariette Jean Coute , Campos-Olivas Ramón , Santiveri Clara M. , Muriel-Moreno Beatriz , Prat-Aymerich Cristina , Abellana Rosa , Pérez-Porcuna Tomas M. , Cuevas Luis E. , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Domínguez José 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explore whether urine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics could be used to identify differences in the metabolic response of children with different diagnostic certainty of TB. We included 62 children with signs and symptoms of TB and 55 apparently healthy children. Six of the children with presumptive TB had bacteriologically confirmed TB, 52 children with unconfirmed TB, and 4 children with unlikely TB. Urine metabolic fingerprints were identified using high- and low-field proton NMR platforms and assessed with pattern recognition techniques such as principal components analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. We observed differences in the metabolic fingerprint of children with bacteriologically confirmed and unconfirmed TB compared to children with unlikely TB (p = 0.041 and p = 0.013, respectively). Moreover, children with unconfirmed TB with X-rays compatible with TB showed differences in the metabolic fingerprint compared to children with non-pathological X-rays (p = 0.009). Differences in the metabolic fingerprint in children with different diagnostic certainty of TB could contribute to a more accurate characterisation of TB in the paediatric population. The use of metabolomics could be useful to improve the prediction of TB progression and diagnosis in children.
Aortic valve function post-replacement of severe aortic stenosis by transcatheter procedure versus surgery: a systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Abi Khalil Charbel , Ignatiuk Barbara , Erdem Guliz , Chemaitelly Hiam , Barilli Fabio , El-Shazly Mohamed , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Aboulsoud Samar , Kofler Markus , Stastny Lukas , Jneid Hani , Bonaros Nikolaos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has shown to reduce mortality compared to surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR). However, it is unknown which procedure is associated with better post-procedural valvular function. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared TAVR to sAVR for at least 2 years. The primary outcome was post-procedural patient-prosthesis-mismatch (PPM). Secondary outcomes were post-procedural and 2-year: effective orifice area (EOA), paravalvular gradient (PVG) and moderate/severe paravalvular leak (PVL). We identified 6 trials with a total of 7022 participants with severe aortic stenosis. TAVR was associated with 37% (95% CI [0.51–0.78) mean RR reduction of post-procedural PPM, a decrease that was not affected by the surgical risk at inclusion, neither by the transcatheter heart valve system. Postprocedural changes in gradient and EOA were also in favor of TAVR as there was a pooled mean difference decrease of 0.56 (95% CI [0.73–0.38]) in gradient and an increase of 0.47 (95% CI [0.38–0.56]) in EOA. Additionally, self-expandable valves were associated with a higher decrease in gradient than balloon ones (beta = 0.38; 95% CI [0.12–0.64]). However, TAVR was associated with a higher risk of moderate/severe PVL (pooled RR: 9.54, 95% CI [5.53–16.46]). All results were sustainable at 2 years.
Skin biopsies in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy are safe and effect patient management
Authors: Berger Tamar , Sherman Shany , Hayman Lucille , Wolach Ofir , Shacham-Abulafia Adi , Raanani Pia , Pasvolsky Oren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is paucity of data regarding the diagnostic yield and safety of skin biopsies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), though skin eruptions are common in these patients. We evaluated 216 patients treated in our hemato-oncology unit at a tertiary medical center between 2007 and 2018 and identified 35 patients who underwent 37 skin biopsies. The majority of biopsies were performed during induction treatment for AML (n = 26, 70%), whereas the remainder of biopsies were done prior to induction initiation (n = 8, 22%) or during consolidation chemotherapy (n = 3, 8%). Pathology findings were inconclusive in 13 cases (35%), while diagnostic biopsies were positive for drug eruptions (24%), leukemia cutis (16%), infections (11%), reactive processes (8%) and Sweet syndrome (5.5%). In almost half of cases (16/37) tissue cultures were performed. Of those, only a quarter (4/16) were positive. Histopathology and tissue culture results altered immediate patient care in 3 cases (8%), yet information obtained from biopsies had potential to affect long term patient care in 8 additional cases (21.6%). Although most skin biopsies were performed while patients had severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, only one patient had a complication due to the biopsy (fever and local bleeding). With the limitation of a retrospective analysis, our study suggests that skin biopsies in patients treated for AML are relatively safe. Although biopsy results infrequently alter immediate patient management, long term effect on patient care expand the potential diagnostic yield of skin biopsies.
Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders
Authors: Rajewska-Rager Aleksandra , Dmitrzak-Weglarz Monika , Kapelski Pawel , Lepczynska Natalia , Pawlak Joanna , Twarowska-Hauser Joanna , Skibinska Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMood disorders have been discussed as being in relation to glial pathology. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, and a marker of glial dysfunctions. Although alterations in the S100B expression may play a role in various central nervous system diseases, there are no studies on the potential role of S100B in mood disorders in adolescents and young adults . In a prospective two-year follow-up study, peripheral levels of S100B were investigated in 79 adolescent/young adult patients (aged 14–24 years), diagnosed with mood disorders and compared with 31 healthy control subjects. A comprehensive clinical interview was conducted which focused on clinical symptoms and diagnosis change. The diagnosis was established and verified at each control visit. Serum S100B concentrations were determined. We detected: lower S100B levels in medicated patients, compared with those who were drug-free, and healthy controls; higher S100B levels in a depressed group with a family history of affective disorder; correlations between age and medication status; sex-dependent differences in S100B levels; and lack a of correlation between the severity of depressive or hypo/manic symptoms. The results of our study indicate that S100B might be a trait-dependent rather than a state-dependent marker. Due to the lack of such studies in the youth population, further research should be performed. A relatively small sample size, a lack of exact age-matched control group, a high drop-out rate.
REG3A/REG3B promotes acinar to ductal metaplasia through binding to EXTL3 and activating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Huairong , Corredor Andrea Liliam Gomez , Messina-Pacheco Julia , Li Qing , Zogopoulos George , Kaddour Nancy , Wang Yifan , Shi Bing-yin , Gregorieff Alex , Liu Jun-li , Gao Zu-hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPersistent acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) is a recently recognized precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we show that the ADM area of human pancreas tissue adjacent to PDAC expresses significantly higher levels of regenerating protein 3A (REG3A). Exogenous REG3A and its mouse homolog REG3B induce ADM in the 3D culture of primary human and murine acinar cells, respectively. Both Reg3b transgenic mice and REG3B-treated mice with caerulein-induced pancreatitis develop and sustain ADM. Two out of five Reg3b transgenic mice with caerulein-induced pancreatitis show progression from ADM to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Both in vitro and in vivo ADM models demonstrate activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3 (EXTL3) functions as the receptor for REG3B and mediates the activation of downstream signaling proteins. Our data indicates that REG3A/REG3B promotes persistent ADM through binding to EXTL3 and activating the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Targeting REG3A/REG3B, its receptor EXTL3, or other downstream molecules could interrupt the ADM process and prevent early PDAC carcinogenesis.
The therapeutic potential of multiclonal tumoricidal T cells derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocyte-derived iPS cells
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Kawai Yohei , Yasui Yutaka , Iriguchi Shoichi , Minagawa Atsutaka , Ishii Tomoko , Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Taketo M. Mark , Kawada Kenji , Obama Kazutaka , Sakai Yoshiharu , Kaneko Shin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), which include tumor-specific T lymphocytes with frequency, are used for adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT) in clinical practice. The optimization of TIL preparation has been investigated to reduce the senescence and increase the abundance of TIL, as both the quality and quantity of the transferred cells have great influence on the outcome of TIL-based ACT (TIL-ACT). Considering the effects of cell reprogramming on senescence, we expected that the anti-tumor effect could be enhanced by TIL regeneration. To confirm this hypothesis, we established tumor-specific TIL-derived iPS cells (TIL-iPSC) with human colorectal cancer specimens. T cells differentiated from TIL-iPSC (TIL-iPS-T) retained not only intrinsic T cell functions and tumor specificity, but also exhibited improved proliferation capacity and additional killing activity. Moreover, less differentiated profiles and prolonged persistency were seen in TIL-iPS-T compared with primary cells. Our findings imply that iPSC technology has great potential for TIL-ACT.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of human nail unit defines RSPO4 onychofibroblasts and SPINK6 nail epithelium
Authors: Kim Hyun Je , Shim Joon Ho , Park Ji-Hye , Shin Hyun Tae , Shim Jong Sup , Jang Kee-Taek , Park Woong-Yang , Lee Kyung-Hoon , Kwon Eun Ji , Jang Hyung-Suk , Yang Hanseul , Lee Jong Hee , Yang Jun-Mo , Lee Dongyoun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on human nail tissue has been limited by the restricted access to fresh specimen. Here, we studied transcriptome profiles of human nail units using polydactyly specimens. Single-cell RNAseq with 11,541 cells from 4 extra digits revealed nail-specific mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations, characterized by RSPO4 (major gene in congenital anonychia) and SPINK6, respectively. In situ RNA hybridization demonstrated the localization of RSPO4, MSX1 and WIF1 in onychofibroblasts suggesting the activation of WNT signaling. BMP-5 was also expressed in onychofibroblasts implicating the contribution of BMP signaling. SPINK6 expression distinguished the nail-specific keratinocytes from epidermal keratinocytes. RSPO4+ onychofibroblasts were distributed at close proximity with LGR6+ nail matrix, leading to WNT/β-catenin activation. In addition, we demonstrated RSPO4 was overexpressed in the fibroblasts of onychomatricoma and LGR6 was highly expressed at the basal layer of the overlying epithelial component, suggesting that onychofibroblasts may play an important role in the pathogenesis of onychomatricoma.
Higher-order simplicial synchronization of coupled topological signals
Authors: Ghorbanchian Reza , Restrepo Juan G. , Torres Joaquín J. , Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSimplicial complexes capture the underlying network topology and geometry of complex systems ranging from the brain to social networks. Here we show that algebraic topology is a fundamental tool to capture the higher-order dynamics of simplicial complexes. In particular we consider topological signals, i.e., dynamical signals defined on simplices of different dimension, here taken to be nodes and links for simplicity. We show that coupling between signals defined on nodes and links leads to explosive topological synchronization in which phases defined on nodes synchronize simultaneously to phases defined on links at a discontinuous phase transition. We study the model on real connectomes and on simplicial complexes and network models. Finally, we provide a comprehensive theoretical approach that captures this transition on fully connected networks and on random networks treated within the annealed approximation, establishing the conditions for observing a closed hysteresis loop in the large network limit.
Magnetic and f-electron effects in LaNiO2 and NdNiO2 nickelates with cuprate-like $$3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$ band
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Lane Christopher , Singh Bahadur , Nokelainen Johannes , Barbiellini Bernardo , Markiewicz Robert S. , Bansil Arun , Sun Jianwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent discovery of superconductivity in the doped infinite-layer nickelates has renewed interest in understanding the nature of high-temperature superconductivity more generally. The low-energy electronic structure of the parent compound NdNiO2, the role of electronic correlations in driving superconductivity, and the possible relationship between the cuprates and the nickelates are still open questions. Here, by comparing LaNiO2 and NdNiO2 systematically within a parameter-free, all-electron first-principles density-functional theory framework, we reveal the role of Nd 4f electrons in shaping the ground state of pristine NdNiO2. Strong similarities are found between the electronic structures of LaNiO2 and NdNiO2, except for the effects of the 4f electrons. Hybridization between the Nd 4f and Ni 3d orbitals is shown to significantly modify the Fermi surfaces of various magnetic states. In contrast, the competition between the magnetically ordered phases depends mainly on the gaps in the Ni $$3{d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$
3

d

x

2

−

y

2

band. Our estimated value of the on-site Hubbard U in the nickelates is similar to that in the cuprates, but the value of the Hund’s coupling JH is found to be sensitive to the Nd magnetic moment. In contrast with the cuprates, NdNiO2 presents 3D magnetism with competing antiferromagnetic and (interlayer) ferromagnetic exchange, which may explain why the Tc is lower in the nickelates.
Confinement of long-lived interlayer excitons in WS2/WSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Montblanch Alejandro R.-P. , Kara Dhiren M. , Paradisanos Ioannis , Purser Carola M. , Feuer Matthew S. G. , Alexeev Evgeny M. , Stefan Lucio , Qin Ying , Blei Mark , Wang Gang , Cadore Alisson R. , Latawiec Pawel , Lončar Marko , Tongay Sefaattin , Ferrari Andrea C. , Atatüre Mete 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInterlayer excitons in layered materials constitute a novel platform to study many-body phenomena arising from long-range interactions between quantum particles. Long-lived excitons are required to achieve high particle densities, to mediate thermalisation, and to allow for spatially and temporally correlated phases. Additionally, the ability to confine them in periodic arrays is key to building a solid-state analogue to atoms in optical lattices. Here, we demonstrate interlayer excitons with lifetime approaching 0.2 ms in a layered-material heterostructure made from WS2 and WSe2 monolayers. We show that interlayer excitons can be localised in an array using a nano-patterned substrate. These confined excitons exhibit microsecond-lifetime, enhanced emission rate, and optical selection rules inherited from the host material. The combination of a permanent dipole, deterministic spatial confinement and long lifetime places interlayer excitons in a regime that satisfies one of the requirements for simulating quantum Ising models in optically resolvable lattices.