bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in p-type Oxide Based Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Mukhopadhyaya Keka , Srividya P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
p-type Thin Film Transistor (TFT) exhibits performance characteristics which is inferior to its n-type counterpart, which in turn limited its scope of wide application mainly in the domain of transparent and flexible electronics. This paper thoroughly reviews the basic operation of TFT, different parameters used to evaluate performance. A comparison of performance analysis of different oxide based p-type TFT viz. copper oxide, tin oxide and nickel oxide are done against different relevant parameters.
Single stage Boost Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based on Switched Inductor Structure
Authors: Sriramalakshmi P. , Singh Rahul , Sneha  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental investigations of Switched Inductor cell (SL-FLCHBqSBI) based Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge quasi Switched Boost Inverter for Renewable Energy (RE) applications. The SL-FLCHBqSBI topology is based on the ripple input current Switched Inductor Boost Inverter (SLBI) structure which is available in the literature. In this work, a stiff DC voltage of 36 V is taken as input to deliver a power of 100 W across a resistive load is designed. The control signals for the active devices are generated using Phase-Shifted sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PS-PWM) modulation technique. The SL-FLCHBqSBI topology provides a higher voltage gain of 2.83 compared to the conventional topologies for a low duty ratio. The simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the simulation results are presented. A hardware set up is implemented and experiments are carried out to check the consistency of the theoretical concepts with the working of the proposed topology in practical.
Parallelisable Regular Languages
Authors: Mohana N , Desikan Kalyani , Rajkumar Dare V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have defined Parallelisable strings and languages in order to reduce the recognition time of strings. Parallelisable languages have been introduced and their recognition has been studied through parallelisable finite automaton. We have restricted our study to languages that comprise of words that contain a common subword. By introducing parallelism on the subword we have been able to reduce the recognition time. Also, we have studied the properties of parallel regular languages.
Total and Inverse Domination Numbers of Certain Graphs
Authors: Shalini V. , Rajasingh Indra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For any graph G having vertex set V(G) then the subset set D ⊆ V(G) is known as a dominating set if every single vertex of G not belonging to D is adjoining to not less than one vertex in D. The domination number γ(G) is the minimum number of elements contained in a minimum dominating set D of G. Any subset D in V(G) is known as total domianting set if each and every vertex of V in G is adjoining to not less than one vertex of D. The set which contains minimum number of elements among all total dominating set is the minimum total dominating set and its cardinality denoted as total domination number γ

t
( G). The inverse dominating set D
′ is defined as that D is a minimum dominating set of G, if there exist an another dominating set say D
′ in V − D corresponding to D and its cardinality is the inverse domination number γ
′(G). In this paper we give the total and inverse domination numbers of certain graphs.
A study on human intelligence using Fuzzy Grey Relational Maps (FGRMs)
Authors: Arokiamary S. , Mary Mejrullo Merlin M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fuzzy-grey system is an ambiguous system where unclear, incomplete and only small data is available. Fuzzy Grey relational maps model the causal relation between complex systems. In this fuzzy model, the nodes are fuzzy while the edges are grey and they represent the grey causal relationship between two disjoint sets of concepts. Intelligence is one of the most admired and coveted features of human mind for, human intelligence has played a greater role in placing human beings at the top of the evolutionary pyramid of creation. Intelligence is widely accepted as hereditary, but at the same time there are researches going on to prove that it is also influenced by the beliefs the individual holds. In this paper, the causal influence between intelligence and self-beliefs is studied using Fuzzy Grey relational maps.
Weak inter-layer bonding in extrusion 3D concrete printing: a comparative analysis of mitigation techniques
Authors: Salman Nazar Muhammad , Ma Guowei , Ijaz Nauman , Wang Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been meaningful progress towards the construction three-dimensional printing (3DP) of concrete (3DCP). However, weak inter-layer bonding (ILB) in extrusion 3DCP is a constraint that can critically influence the mechanical capacities, the stability of the structures, and durability. Various techniques have been proposed to mitigate weak ILB. Though, these techniques do not systematically address the basic causes of weak ILB and display inconsistency of the results. Additionally, the scope of the testing has been rather limited. Here, an approach for the mitigation of weak ILB is proposed, as part of ongoing research. It is based on stabilizer mortars (SMs) of varying mix compositions, according to the printing time interval (TI). This study compares mitigation techniques based on the statistical analysis (Chebyshev theorem, T-test, and standard error) of the test data against a 90% confidence interval. The proposed technique demonstrated peak mitigation of weak ILB with less variation in test results at extended TI up to 120 min. Besides efficacy, the simplicity of the technique i.e. practicality of the method and the materials cost, availability, safety, and sustainability remain ideal.
Research and application of anticorrosive concrete for shafts in thick and deep surface soil
Authors: Cai Guisheng , Zhang Jie , Lu Tongwei , Guo Lei , Lv Jinhuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Most frozen shafts of deep surface layer are located at a harsh environment, surrounding soil or groundwater with lots of corrosive ions such as SO4− and Cl−. This is deadly to the durability of concrete. Thus, concrete for shafts in deep surface soil requires excellent durability. This paper focuses on the development and preparation of anticorrosive concrete in deep surface layer shafts, and presents engineering application. The experimental results show that NC-H admixture is successfully made to prepare the concrete. The durability and impermeability of concrete are good. The Cl− diffusion coefficient of C60 is 38.1×10−14m2/s, while C90 is only 4.5×10−14m2/s. Besides, high freezing and thawing resistance is discovered. The loss of dynamic elastic modulus of C75 is less than 6.38% when the freeze-thaw cycle is 1000 times, It has high anti-sulfate ability and no corrosion to steel bar. This anticorrosive concrete has applied in many large coal mining projects. It is proved that this anticorrosive concrete has been applied to practical engineering application, and it can completely meet the requirements of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shaft construction with deep surface layer and corrosion resistance.
Mechanical characteristics and comfort evaluation under pedestrian vertical excitation of a thin-walled cold-formed steel footbridge
Authors: Xu Jing , Chen Xijun , Li Jing , Li Zeyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Thin-walled cold-formed steel (TWCFS) structures have a great application prospect and are widely adopted in low-rise residential constructions due to great mechanical and economical properties. Since TWCFS member has low flexural rigidity and is hard to weld, it is rarely used in bridge engineering. In Poyang Lake Wetland of Jiangxi Province, China, a TWCFS footbridge was built. In this paper, Serial tests including static loading test, natural frequency test and pedestrian comfort test were conducted. At the same time, finite element analysis (FEA) models were built with Midas/Civil software. The data shows that although natural frequency is far greater than the range of pedestrian walking frequency and will not lead to the resonance of bridge, the peak acceleration under crowd load reflects poor pedestrian comfort. The structure was modified for improving pedestrian comfort and the results after modification verify that the comfort can be ensured.
Research on the performance changes of the binder of the wear layer of open-graded asphalt mixture under different aging methods
Authors: Tian Jianjun , Shi Xiao , Chen Hongpo , Ji Shuzhen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to study the effect of asphalt aging of open-graded friction course (OGFC) on the performance of high-viscosity styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS) modified asphalt during the mixing of the asphalt mixtures and the whole life cycle, Thin Film Oven Test (TFOT), Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), and Pressurized Aging Vessel Accelerated Asphalt Aging Test (PAV) were used to conduct aging tests on the high-viscosity SBS modified asphalt. And then the aging of SBS modified asphalt is studied at two levels: microscopic and macroscopic. In the microscopic aspect, first use the fluorescence microscope technology to image the asphalt samples before and after aging. The above images were processed by MATLAB and Image-pro plus software, and the micro-structures of high viscosity SBS modified asphalt before and after aging were obtained. At the same time, use the DSR test to observe the changes in the rheological properties of the SBS modified asphalt before and after aging. On the macro level, the softening point, viscous toughness and pull strength are used to analyse the changes in the mechanical properties of the high-viscosity SBS modified asphalt before and after aging, and the aging conditions of the SBS modified asphalt under the micro and macro indexes are compared. The research shows that after short-term aging (simulation of asphalt aging during the mixing ), RTFOT and TFOT the loss ratio of SBS in modified asphalt are at 78.5% and 68.3%, respectively, the degradation of SBS in modified asphalt is serious, and the SBS modified asphalt aging conditions under the macro and micro indicators are consistent. After long-term aging (simulating the aging of the asphalt during the whole life cycle), the loss ratio of SBS in modified asphalt is 83.4% (RTFOT + PAV) and 84.6% (TFOT + PAV). However, the macroscopic index of SBS modified asphalt shows obvious differences. The aging degree of SBS modified asphalt using RTFOT + PAV aging method is significantly higher than that of TFOT + PAV aging method, indicating that the performance of SBS modified was affected at the degradation of SBS during long-term aging, it is also significantly affected by the aging of the basic asphalt itself. Therefore, when mixing OGFC asphalt mixtures, the mixing time should be strictly controlled, and the mixing time should not be extended. OGFC asphalt mixtures should be maintained properly in time to keep their excellent road performance.
Influence of freezing-thawing cycles on strength of fiber recycled concrete column
Authors: Dong Shihai , He Yuanyuan , Huang Jingqiang , Dong Jiangfeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to reduce the influence of freezing-thawing cycle on the recycled concrete and improve the use of recycled concrete in cold regions, this paper systematically explored the influence of different variables such as the mix ratio of recycled aggregate, the content of basalt fiber and freezing-thawing cycle on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete. The results show that adding basalt wire can improve the bearing capacity and ductility of the recycled concrete, but the mechanical properties of the recycled concrete are greatly reduced after the freeze-thaw cycle.
Effect of Ni on the oxygen reduction reaction for low alloy steels in thin electrolyte layer conditions
Authors: Jiang Shan , Cai Ning , Cao Jianping , Yang Jianwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of carbon and a Ni-containing steel is investigated in the environment of a thin electrolyte layer. Potentiodynamiccathodic polarization curves were determined using a thin electrolyte layer apparatus at ordinary and negative pressure environments. Oxygen reduction is an important cathodic reaction for carbon steel in the present study. However, the suppression of oxygen reduction occurred for Ni-containing steels. The inhibition of oxygen reduction was closely correlated with the formation of the amorphization of the corrosion product, which contained amount of Ni, formed on the Ni-containing steel.
Perfusion bioreactor enabled fluid-derived shear stress conditions for novel bone metastatic prostate cancer testbed
Authors: Jasuja Haneesh , Kar Sumanta , Katti Dinesh R , Katti Kalpana S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetastatic prostate cancer spreads preferentially to the bone, causing skeletal complications associated with significant morbidity and a poor prognosis, despite current therapeutic approaches. Hence, it is imperative to understand the complex metastatic cascade to develop therapeutic interventions for treating metastatic prostate cancer. Increasing evidence suggests the synergistic role of biochemical and biophysical cues in cancer progression at metastases. However, the mechanism underlying the crosstalk between interstitial flow-induced mechanical stimuli and prostate cancer progression at the bone microenvironment remains poorly understood. To this end, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D)in vitrodynamic model of prostate cancer bone metastasis using perfusion bioreactor and compared our results with static conditions to delineate the role of flow-induced shear stress on prostate cancer progression at metastases. We observed an increase in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) proliferation and differentiation rate under the dynamic culture. The hMSCs form cell agglutinates under static culture, whereas the hMSCs exhibited a directional alignment with broad and flattened morphology under dynamic culture. Further, the expression of mesenchymal to epithelial transition biomarkers is increased in bone metastasized prostate cancer models, and large changes are observed in the cellular and tumoroid morphologies under dynamic culture. Evaluation of cell adhesion proteins indicated that the altered cancer cell morphologies resulted from the constant force pulling due to increased E-cadherin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase proteins under shear stress. Overall, we report a successful 3Din vitrodynamic model to recapitulate bone metastatic prostate cancer behavior under dynamic conditions.
Rejuvenation of extensively passaged human chondrocytes to engineer functional articular cartilage
Authors: Kwon Heenam , Brown Wendy E , O’Leary Siobhan A , Hu Jerry C , Athanasiou Kyriacos A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Human articular chondrocytes (hACs) are scarce and lose their chondrogenic potential during monolayer passaging, impeding their therapeutic use. This study investigated (a) the translatability of conservative chondrogenic passaging and aggregate rejuvenation on restoring chondrogenic properties of hACs passaged up to P9; and (b) the efficacy of a combined treatment of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) (T), chondroitinase-ABC (C), and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (L), collectively termed TCL, on engineering functional human neocartilage via the self-assembling process, as a function of passage number up to P11. Here, we show that aggregate rejuvenation enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and type II collagen staining at all passages and yielded human neocartilage with chondrogenic phenotype present up to P7. Addition of TCL extended the chondrogenic phenotype to P11 and significantly enhanced GAG content and type II collagen staining at all passages. Human neocartilage derived from high passages, treated with TCL, displayed mechanical properties that were on par with or greater than those derived from low passages. Conservative chondrogenic passaging and aggregate rejuvenation may be a viable new strategy (a) to address the perennial problem of chondrocyte scarcity and (b) to successfully rejuvenate the chondrogenic phenotype of extensively passaged cells (up to P11). Furthermore, tissue engineering human neocartilage via self-assembly in conjunction with TCL treatment advances the clinical use of extensively passaged human chondrocytes for cartilage repair.
Realization of 3D epoxy resin/Ti3C2T
x
MXene aerogel composites for low-voltage electrothermal heating
Authors: Yang Pei , Xia Tian , Ghosh Subrata , Wang Jiacheng , Rawson Shelley D , Withers Philip J , Kinloch Ian A , Barg Suelen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Suitable electrothermal materials with high heating rates at low electric power are highly desirable for de-icing and thermal management applications. Herein, 3D epoxy resin/Ti3C2T
x
MXene composites are synthesised and shown to be promising candidates for electrothermal heaters where the MXene serves as a nanoheater and the epoxy resin spreads the heat. A unidirectional freeze-casting technique was used to prepare an anisotropic Ti3C2T
x
aerogel into which epoxy resin was then vacuum infiltrated and cured. The resulting composite showed an excellent Joule heating performance over repeated heating–cooling cycles. A steady-state temperature of 123 °C was obtained by applying a low voltage of 2 V with 5.1 A current, giving a total power output of 6.1 W cm−2. Such epoxy/MXene aerogel composites, prepared by a simple and cost-effective manner, offer a potential alternative to the traditional metal-based and nanocarbon-based electrothermal materials.
Easy hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of a hybrid graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayer on platinum
Authors: Píš Igor , Nappini Silvia , Panahi Mohammad , Kahraman Abdullah , Magnano Elena , Kaya Sarp , Bondino Federica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Understanding the fundamental steps of adsorption and controlled release of hydrogen in two-dimensional (2D) materials is of relevance for applications in nanoelectronics requiring tuning the physical properties or functionalization of the material, hydrogen storage and environmental sensors. Most applications demand that hydrogen adsorption and desorption can be controlled at room temperature. Here we report an element-specific study on the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, in a low coverage regime, of a quasi-free standing 2D heterostructure (h-BNG) in the form of coexisting lateral domains of isostructural hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene (Gr) on Pt(111). At very low hydrogen coverage a selective and partial hydrogenation of the Gr domains is observed in h-BNG. At the same time no changes are detected in the h-BN domains, indicating a preferential hydrogenation of Gr rather than h-BN domains. At higher coverage, hydrogenation of both Gr and h-BN domains is detected. A thermally facile hydrogen release from h-BN domains near room temperature is observed. Furthermore, the hybrid h-BNG 2D heterostructure enables also a much easier H2 thermal release from Gr domains when compared with a full Gr monolayer grown on the same Pt(111) substrate. These results suggest that the presence of coexisting hydrogenated h-BN domains could destabilize C–H bonds in Gr.
First-principles study on electronic and optical properties of Mg-N dual-acceptor codoped CuAlO2
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Wang Shuangpeng , Liu Chenglin , Chen Xiaobo , Chen Hongxia , Miao Zhongzheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Incorporation of impurities in CuAlO2 provides an opportunities to modulate its electronic and optical properties, which can be exploited for the applications of optoelectronic devices. Among the various elements doped of CuAlO2, research on the codoping magnesium (Mg) with nitrogen (N) which may be a promising way for fabricating p-type CuAlO2 is still limited. Here, the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory was used to investigate the electronic and optical properties of Mg-doped, N-doped and Mg–N codoped CuAlO2. Compared with the undoped CuAlO2, the lattice parameters a and c of the Mg–N codoped CuAlO2 become larger and smaller, respectively. The acceptor level induced by 2p state of N in N-doped CuAlO2 is very deep. The undoped and Mg-doped CuAlO2 has indirect band gap. Whether the deep acceptor level or the indirect band gap, it is unfavorable to p-type doping or light emission. Due to the hybridization of 3p state of Mg and 2p state of N on the top of the valence band, the Mg–N codoped CuAlO2 not only has a direct band gap, but also has a shallower acceptor level (about 0.24 eV above the top of the valence band). The optical properties of CuAlO2 changes obviously after Mg–N codoping in the area of low energy. These results suggest that the possibility of enhancing the hole concentration in CuAlO2 by Mg–N dual-acceptor codoping which will be beneficial to the application of CuAlO2 in optoelectronic devices.
Investigating the effect of carbon support on palladium-based catalyst towards electro-oxidation of ethylene glycol
Authors: Raseruthe Katlego E , Matthews Thabo , Gwebu Sandile S , Pillay Kriveshni , Maxakato Nobanathi W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Palladium-based catalysts serve as promising electrocatalysts for the oxidation of ethylene glycol to produce electrical energy that can be used to address the continuous worldwide energy demand increments along with the depletion of fossil fuels which serve as the main energy source. For optimal catalysts performance, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanodots were investigated as palladium catalyst support materials to address difficulties in oxidizing and breaking the C–C bonds in ethylene glycol, cost of electrocatalyst, and complex reaction mechanism that is restraining rapid development and applications of direct ethylene glycol fuel cells (DEGFC). Utilization of palladium catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanodots (CND) as support materials resulted in spontaneous ethylene glycol oxidation. The Pd/CNT catalyst showed greater stability compared to Pd/CND during the oxidation of ethylene glycol, and it is not easily poisoned by carbon monoxide intermediates formed during ethylene glycol oxidation as shown by a slow current decay on chronoamperometry.
Water droplet motion under the influence of Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW)
Authors: Insepov Zinetula , Ramazanova Zamart , Zhakiyev Nurkhat , Tynyshtykbayev Kurbangali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The water droplet motion processes actuated by applying surface acoustic waves at various RF powers and frequencies were investigated by numerically modelling and compared with experiment. A three-dimensional computational model of a free water droplet streaming on the surface of the substrate have been developed using Finite Element Method (FEM) with Laminar Two-Phase Flow Moving Mesh approach for Navier–Stokes equations which were coupled with Convection Wave equation (CWE) module of the COMSOL Multiphysics. Water droplet motion speeds were experimentally measured and confirmed for water droplets with the volumes of 2 and 5 μl, at SAW frequencies 34 and 58 MHz, and power range 0.1–1.23 W. The effect of frequency on microfluidic performance such as streaming flows and droplet motion has been studied both numerically and experimentally toward developing MEMS devices for future energy sources, e.g., for direct methanol fuel cells, hydrogen energy, as well as for use in a wide variety of chemical, water desalination and purification of other fluids from salts, germs, bacteria, and viruses based on perspective multiphysical effects.