bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum Correntropy Criterion for Robust TOA-Based Localization in NLOS Environments
Authors: Xiong Wenxin , Schindelhauer Christian , So Hing Cheung , Wang Zhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the problem of time-of-arrival (TOA)-based localization under possible non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation conditions. To robustify the squared-range-based location estimator, we follow the maximum correntropy criterion, essentially the Welsch M-estimator with a redescending influence function which behaves like $$\ell _0$$

ℓ
0

-minimization toward the grossly biased measurements, to derive the formulation. The half-quadratic technique is then applied to settle the resulting optimization problem in an alternating maximization (AM) manner. By construction, the major computational challenge at each AM iteration boils down to handling an easily solvable generalized trust region subproblem. It is worth noting that the implementation of our localization method requires nothing but merely the TOA-based range measurements and sensor positions as prior information. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the competence of the presented scheme in outperforming several state-of-the-art approaches in terms of positioning accuracy, especially in scenarios, where the percentage of NLOS paths is not large enough.
Predictors of psychiatric comorbidity in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital
Authors: Roick Julia , Danker Helge , Kersting Anette , Dietrich Arne , Dietz Andreas , Papsdorf Kirsten , Meixensberger Jürgen , Stolzenburg Jens-Uwe , Wirtz Hubert , Singer Susanne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on one’s mental health. The present study investigated the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric comorbidities in cancer patients at the time of their discharge from the hospital.

Methods
Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed shortly before hospital discharge and half a year after hospitalization using a structured clinical interview (SCID), based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Frequencies at both time points were estimated using percentages and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predictors of mental disorders were identified using binary logistic regression models.

Results
At time of hospital discharge, 39 out of 334 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity, and 15 (7%) were diagnosed half a year later. Among the diagnoses, adjustment disorders (3%) were most frequent at the time of hospital release, while major depression (3%) was the most frequent 6 months later. Having a mental disorder was associated with unemployment (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–10.9, p = 0.04). There was no evidence that school education (OR 2.0, CI 0.4–9.0, p = 0.38), higher education (OR 0.7, CI 0.2–2.4, p = 0.60), income (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.06), tumor stage (OR 1.1, CI 0.4–3.2, p = 0.85), type of disease (OR 0.6, CI 0.2–2.1, p = 0.47), pain (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.15), fatigue (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.77), or physical functioning (OR 1.0, CI 1.0–1.0, p = 0.54) were related to the presence of a psychiatric comorbidity.

Conclusions
Unemployment was associated with at least a threefold increased risk of mental disorder, which highlights the need for special attention to be given to this subgroup of cancer patients.
The J-method for the Gross–Pitaevskii eigenvalue problem
Authors: Altmann Robert , Henning Patrick , Peterseim Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the J-method of [E. Jarlebring, S. Kvaal, W. Michiels. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 36-4:A1978-A2001, 2014] for nonlinear eigenvector problems in a general Hilbert space framework. This is the basis for variational discretization techniques and a mesh-independent numerical analysis. A simple modification of the method mimics an energy-decreasing discrete gradient flow. In the case of the Gross–Pitaevskii eigenvalue problem, we prove global convergence towards an eigenfunction for a damped version of the J-method. More importantly, when the iterations are sufficiently close to an eigenfunction, the damping can be switched off and we recover a local linear convergence rate previously known from the discrete setting. This quantitative convergence analysis is closely connected to the J-method’s unique feature of sensitivity with respect to spectral shifts. Contrary to classical gradient flows, this allows both the selective approximation of excited states as well as the amplification of convergence beyond linear rates in the spirit of the Rayleigh quotient iteration for linear eigenvalue problems. These advantageous convergence properties are demonstrated in a series of numerical experiments involving exponentially localized states under disorder potentials and vortex lattices in rotating traps.
Liquid chromatography versus supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: a comparative study of performance for multiresidue analysis of pesticides
Authors: Cutillas Víctor , Ferrer Carmen , R. Fernández-Alba Amadeo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAbundant studies have been published evaluating different parameters of reverse-phase liquid chromatography (LC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), both coupled to electrospray (ESI)/mass spectrometry (MS) for pesticide residue analysis. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive comparative study that facilitates deep knowledge about the benefits of using each technique. In the present study, the same mass spectrometer was used coupled to both liquid and supercritical fluid chromatographies with a multiresidue method of 215 compounds, for the analysis of pesticide residues in food samples. Through the injection of the spiked extracts, separate experiments were conducted. A study of the optimum ion source temperature using the different chromatography modes was performed. The results were evaluated in terms of sensitivity with tomato, leek, onion, and orange as representative fruit and vegetable matrices. The compounds which reported the highest area values in each chromatography were evaluated through their substance groups and polarity values. The impact of matrix effects obtained in tomato matrix was similar for both cases; however, SFC clearly showed better results in analyzing matrices with a higher number of natural co-extracted compounds. This can be explained by the combination of two effects: (i) chromatography separation and (ii) ion source efficiency. The chromatographic elution presented different profiles of matrix components, which had diverse impact on the coelution with the analytes, being more beneficial when SFC was used in the matrices studied. The data showed that the best results obtained in SFC are also related to a higher ionization efficiency even when the ESI emitter tip was not optimized for SFC flow. In the present study a comprehensive evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of these chromatography modes for routine pesticide residue analysis related to target compounds/commodities is provided.
Graphical abstract
Fluid overload is associated with increased 90-day mortality in AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy
Authors: Ballo Olivier , Eladly Fagr , Koschade Sebastian , Büttner Stefan , Stratmann Jan Alexander , Brunnberg Uta , Kreisel Eva-Maria , Frank Franziska , Wagner Sebastian , Steffen Björn , Serve Hubert , Finkelmeier Fabian , Brandts Christian H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTreatment‐related complications contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Although AML patients are susceptible to fluid overload (FO) (e.g., in the context of chemotherapy protocols, during sepsis treatment or to prevent tumor lysis syndrome), little attention has been paid to its role in AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. AML patients receiving induction chemotherapy between 2014 and 2019 were included in this study. FO was defined as ≥5% weight gain on day 7 of induction chemotherapy compared to baseline weight determined on the day of admission. We found FO in 23 (12%) of 187 AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Application of >100 ml crystalloid fluids/kg body weight until day 7 of induction chemotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for FO. AML patients with FO suffered from a significantly increased 90-day mortality rate and FO was demonstrated as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality. Our data suggests an individualized, weight-adjusted calculation of crystalloid fluids in order to prevent FO-related morbidity and mortality in AML patients during induction chemotherapy. Prospective trials are required to determine the adequate fluid management in this patient population.
SmartPIV: flow velocity estimates by smartphones for education and field studies
Authors: Cierpka Christian , Otto Henning , Poll Constanze , Hüther Jonas , Jeschke Sebastian , Mäder Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a smartphone application is presented that was developed to lower the barrier to introduce particle image velocimetry (PIV) in lab courses. The first benefit is that a PIV system using smartphones and a continuous wave (cw-) laser is much cheaper than a conventional system and thus much more affordable for universities. The second benefit is that the design of the menus follows that of modern camera apps, which are intuitively used. Thus, the system is much less complex and costly than typical systems, and our experience showed that students have much less reservations to work with the system and to try different parameters. Last but not least the app can be applied in the field. The relative uncertainty was shown to be less than 8%, which is reasonable for quick velocity estimates. An analysis of the computational time necessary for the data evaluation showed that with the current implementation the app is capable of providing smooth live display vector fields of the flow. This might further increase the use of modern measurement techniques in industry and education.

Graphic abstract
The Olympia anatomic polished cemented stem is associated with a high survivorship, excellent hip-specific functional outcome, and high satisfaction levels: follow-up of 239 consecutive patients beyond 15 years
Authors: Turnbull Gareth S. , Marshall Claire , Nicholson Jamie A. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Clement Nicholas D. , Breusch Steffen J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The Olympia femoral stem is a stainless steel, anatomically shaped, polished and three-dimensionally tapered implant designed for use in cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). The primary aim of this study was to determine the long-term survivorship, radiographic outcome, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of the Olympia stem.

Patients and methods
Between May 2003 and December 2005, 239 patients (264 THAs) underwent a THA with an Olympia stem in our institution. Patient-reported outcome measures were assessed using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) score, and patient satisfaction at mean 10 years following THA. Patient records and radiographs were then reviewed at a mean of 16.5 years (SD 0.7, 15.3–17.8) following THA to identify occurrence of complications or revision surgery for any cause following surgery. Radiographs were assessed for lucent lines and lysis according to Gruen’s zones

Results
Mean patient age at surgery was 68.0 years (SD 10.9, 31–93 years). There were 156 women (65%, 176 THAs). Osteoarthritis was the indication for THA in 204 patients (85%). All cause stem survivorship at 10 years was 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.9%–100%) and at 15 years was 97.5% (94.6%–100%). The 15-year stem survival for aseptic loosening was 100%. Analysis of all-cause THA failure demonstrated a survivorship of 98.5% (96.3%–100%) at 10 years and 95.9% (92.4%–99.4%) at 15 years. There were 9 THAs with non-progressive lucent lines in a single Gruen zone and 3 had lines in two zones, and no patient demonstrated signs for lysis. At a mean of 10-year (SD 0.8, 8.7–11.3) follow-up, mean OHS was 39 (SD 10.3, range 7–48) and 94% of patients reported being very satisfied or satisfied with their THA.

Conclusions
The Olympia stem demonstrated excellent 10-year PROMs and very high rates of stem survivorship at final follow-up beyond 15 years.
Soil carbon and plant richness relationships differ among grassland types, disturbance history and plant functional groups
Authors: Anacker B. L. , Seastedt T. R. , Halward T. M. , Lezberg A. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of soil carbon storage and species diversity in grasslands can provide insights into managing these ecosystems. We studied relationships among soil C and plant species richness within ~ 9700 ha of grasslands in Colorado, US. Using 141 grassland transects, we tested how soil C was related to plant species richness, grassland type, soil texture, and prairie dog presence. Soil C was significantly, positively related to plant species richness, while native perennial graminoid species richness exhibited an even stronger positive relationship. However, the relationship of soil C and plant richness was not found in all three grassland types studied, but instead was unique to the most common grassland type, mixed grass prairie, and absent from both xeric tallgrass and mesic tallgrass prairie. The presence of a single indicator species, Andropogon gerardii, showed a significant, positive relationship with soil carbon. Our best possible model explained 45% of the variance in soil C using species richness, grassland type, and their interaction. Surprisingly, soil C was negatively related to soil clay, suggesting that surface clays amplify evaporation and water runoff rather than protecting soil organic matter from decomposition. Soil C was negatively related to prairie dog presence, suggesting that prairie dogs do not enhance soil carbon sequestration; in fact, prairie dog occupied sites had significantly lower soil C, likely related to loss of topsoil from prairie dog colonies. Our results suggest that management for species richness provides the co-benefit of soil C storage, and high clay and prairie dog disturbance compromises both.
Supervised and unsupervised learning using a fully-plastic all-optical unit of artificial intelligence based on solitonic waveguides
Authors: Bile Alessandro , Moratti Francesca , Tari Hamed , Fazio Eugenio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe software implementations of neuronal systems have shown great effectiveness, even if the natural hardware separation between the processing and memory areas in computers slows down the analysis capacity. To overcome these limitations, new hardware configurations are moving towards neuromorphic models, capable of unifying the processing/memory dichotomy. Recently, integrated photonic X-junctions formed by waveguides written by spatial solitons have shown the ability to perform supervised learning. The solitonic technology, compared to the traditional one, offers the advantage of realizing plastic circuitry, a typical characteristic of biological neural networks. This work extensively studies both supervised and unsupervised learning of photonic soliton X-junctions. By exploiting the plasticity of the nonlinear refractive index at the base of the soliton formation, X-junctions can readdress their behaviours forwarding data to different outputs. In this article, we will extend the state-of-the-art: starting from supervised learning, for which all possible cases are now investigated, a material sensitive to the transported signals will be introduced to allow the junction to carry out unsupervised learning. In this way, the junction autonomously recognises the transported signals without the external intervention of the operator. Learning and memory now physically coincide in fact, learning means that the junction slowly switches based on the information sent; any further unknown information sent will find the junction in the modified state which corresponds to the learned information and will be recognised as well (reasoning based on comparison with stored information).
Derivation of Darcy’s law in randomly perforated domains
Authors: Giunti A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the homogenization of a Poisson problem or a Stokes system in a randomly punctured domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We assume that the holes are spherical and have random centres and radii. We impose that the average distance between the balls is of size $$\varepsilon $$
ε
and their average radius is $$\varepsilon ^{\alpha }$$

ε
α

, $$\alpha \in (1; 3)$$

α
∈
(
1
;
3
)

. We prove that, as in the periodic case (Allaire, G., Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 113(113):261–298, 1991), the solutions converge to the solution of Darcy’s law (or its scalar analogue in the case of Poisson). In the same spirit of (Giunti, A., Höfer, R., Ann. Inst. H. Poincare’- An. Nonl. 36(7):1829–1868, 2019; Giunti, A., Höfer, R., Velàzquez, J.J.L., Comm. PDEs 43(9):1377–1412, 2018), we work under minimal conditions on the integrability of the random radii. These ensure that the problem is well-defined but do not rule out the onset of clusters of holes.
Multicenter prospective in vivo study of an endocytoscope system (ECS) for superficial esophageal cancer
Authors: Morita Shuko , Goda Kenichi , Yano Tomonori , Kaise Mitsuru , Kato Mototsugu , Inoue Haruhiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Kodashima Shinya , Miyahara Ryoji , Ochiai Atsushi , Ikegami Masahiro , Hamatani Shigeharu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ohkura Yasuo , Aida Junko , Nakanishi Yukihiro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Ishikawa Hideki , Takubo Kaiyo , Muto Manabu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Endocytoscope systems (ECS) can visualize cellular nuclei of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and are predicted to provide real-time microscopic diagnosis. However, their practical diagnostic performance remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter prospective study to evaluate the visualization of superficial esophageal neoplasm in vivo using an ECS, and its diagnostic capability.

Methods
The study target was histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN). An integrated ECS was used to obtain ECS images. In each patient, three ECS images of cancerous and corresponding noncancerous regions were selected for evaluation. A pathological review board of five certified pathologists made the final diagnosis of the images. The primary endpoint was the sensitivity of ECS diagnosis by pathologists.

Results
ECS images of 68 patients were assessed: 42 lesions were mucosal SCC, 13 were submucosal SCC, and 13 were HGIN. The rate of assessable images was 96% (95% CI 87.6–99.1). The sensitivity of ECS diagnosis by pathologists was 88% (95% CI 77.2–94.5).

Conclusions
ECS can provide high-quality images of cancerous lesions and a high diagnostic accuracy by pathologists, and could be useful for real-time endoscopic histological diagnosis of SCC and HGIN.

Trial registration
The UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Identification Number: 000004218
Patients with higher vitamin D levels show stronger improvement of self-reported depressive symptoms in psychogeriatric day-care setting
Authors: Zech Linda D. , Scherf-Clavel Maike , Daniels Christine , Schwab Michael , Deckert Jürgen , Unterecker Stefan , Herr Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDepression is a common psychiatric disorder among geriatric patients that decreases the quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D as a neuro-steroid hormone might play a role in the onset and treatment of depression. In the present study, the association between depressive symptoms and vitamin D concentration in serum was evaluated. 140 patients of a psychogeriatric day-care unit were included. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) and the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were assessed at the beginning and end of treatment, GDS scores additionally 6 weeks after discharge from the day-care unit. Vitamin D levels were measured at the beginning of the treatment, routinely. Patients with levels below 30 µg/L were treated with 1000 IU vitamin D per day. There was no association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the concentration of vitamin D at the beginning of the treatment. Patients with higher vitamin D levels showed a stronger decline of depressive symptoms measured by the GDS during their stay in the day-care unit. We provide evidence that vitamin D serum levels might influence antidepressant therapy response in a geriatric population. Prospective studies are necessary to determine which patients may profit from add-on vitamin D therapy.
Timing of non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate COVID-19 transmission and their effects on mobility: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Summan Amit , Nandi Arindam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the early stages of a pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that encourage physical distancing and reduce contact can decrease and delay disease transmission. Although NPIs have been implemented globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, their intensity and timing have varied widely. This paper analyzed the country-level determinants and effects of NPIs during the early stages of the pandemic (January 1st to April 29th, 2020). We examined countries that had implemented NPIs within 30 or 45 days since first case detection, as well as countries in which 30 or 45 days had passed since first case detection. The health and socioeconomic factors associated with delay in implementation of three NPIs—national school closure, national lockdown, and global travel ban—were analyzed using fractional logit and probit models, and beta regression models. The probability of implementation of national school closure, national lockdown, and strict national lockdown by a country was analyzed using a probit model. The effects of these three interventions on mobility changes were analyzed with propensity score matching methods using Google’s social mobility reports. Countries with larger populations and better health preparedness measures had greater delays in implementation. Countries with greater population density, higher income, more democratic political systems, and later arrival of first cases were more likely to implement NPIs within 30 or 45 days of first case detection. Implementation of lockdowns significantly reduced physical mobility. Mobility was further reduced when lockdowns were enforced with curfews or fines, or when they were more strictly defined. National school closures did not significantly change mobility.
Estimation and computations for Gaussian mixtures with uniform noise under separation constraints
Authors: Coretto Pietro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study a finite Gaussian mixture model with an additional uniform component that has the role to catch points in the tails of the data distribution. An adaptive constraint enforces a certain level of separation between the Gaussian mixture components and the uniform component representing noise and outliers in the tail of the distribution. The latter makes the proposed tool particularly useful for robust estimation and outlier identification. A constrained ML estimator is introduced for which existence and consistency is shown. One of the attractive features of the methodology is that the noise level is estimated from data. We also develop an EM-type algorithm with proven convergence. Based on numerical evidence we show how the methods developed in this paper are useful for several fundamental data analysis tasks: outlier identification, robust location-scale estimation, clustering, and density estimation.