bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-analysis of Interactions Between Insect Herbivores and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Hauri Kayleigh C , Szendrei Zsofia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Insect herbivores and plant-parasitic nematodes are global, economically devastating pests that are present in nearly every crop and natural system worldwide. Although they may be spatially separated, they indirectly interact with each other by altering both plant chemical defense and nutrition. However, the outcome of these interactions is highly variable across different focal species. We performed a meta-analysis to determine how plant and nematode traits influence insect herbivore growth and reproduction, as well as nematode abundance and reproduction. We investigated how interactions between plant-parasitic nematodes and insect herbivores influence plant biomass, carbon, and nitrogen in the roots and shoots. We found no overall effect of nematodes on insect herbivores or insect herbivores on nematodes. However, while phloem-feeding insect reproduction was not affected by nematode feeding guild or plant family, chewing insect growth increased in the presence of cyst nematodes and decreased in the presence of gall nematodes. The effect of nematodes on chewing insect herbivore growth was also affected by the focal plant family. Nematode presence did not alter plant biomass when plants were exposed to aboveground insect herbivory, but carbon and nitrogen were higher in roots and nitrogen was higher in shoots of plants with nematodes and insects compared to plants with insects alone. Our results indicate that the mechanisms driving the outcome of aboveground–belowground interactions are still unclear, but those chewing insects may have more variable responses to nematode damage than phloem-feeders.
Anastomosis oversewing technique to prevent leakage after oesophagectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Tu De-Hao , Qu Rirong , Ping Wei , Yang Guang , Fu Xiangning , Cai Yixin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Oesophagogastric anastomosis is a core part of oesophagectomy, and anastomotic leakage is among its main concerns. We used the oversewing technique to reinforce the anastomosis created with a circular stapler. This study investigated the use of oversewing to reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage without increasing morbidity.

METHODS
This study enrolled 1734 patients who underwent oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2012 and December 2019. Using propensity score-matched analysis, the clinical results of postoperative complications were compared between anastomotic-oversewn and -unsewn oesophagectomies.

RESULTS
Of the 1734 patients, 661 were included in the anastomotic-unsewn group and 661 in the anastomotic-oversewn group after propensity score matching. The clinical characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups, but the frequency of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher in the anastomotic-unsewn group than in the anastomotic-oversewn group (10.3% vs 4.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic analysis showed oversewn anastomosis and smoking history as the independent factors associated with anastomotic leakage (odds ratios, 0.399 and 2.383; P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively). On the sub-group analysis, the relative risk for anastomotic leakage was significantly higher with unsewn than with oversewn anastomosis in patients &lt;65 years old, those with American Association of Anesthesiologists score II, those who had middle segment oesophageal cancer and those who have undergone the McKeown approach and cervical anastomosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Anastomosis oversewing technique may be a practical method to reduce anastomotic leakage, especially in younger patients and those who have undergone the McKeown approach and cervical anastomosis.
Coping with COVID-19-related online English teaching challenges: teacher educators’ suggestions
Authors: Abdel Latif Muhammad M M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although a number of studies have surveyed the challenges of remote English instruction imposed by COVID-19, a main research gap yet to be addressed is examining the relevant pedagogic experiences and suggestions given in language teacher educators’ blogs. Through analysing fifty-one blogs posted by teacher educators on four well-known language education websites, this study attempted to identify their perceived COVID-19-related online English language instruction challenges and suggested coping strategies. Analysing the blogs revealed nine main perceived online English teaching challenges associated with the teacher, learner, and online instruction implementation. To overcome these challenges, the teacher educators suggested seventeen main coping strategies pertinent to planning for online teaching, managing online classrooms, supporting students’ mental health, enhancing students’ ability to use/access technology, fostering active language learning engagement and motivation, and promoting teacher professional practices and wellbeing.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance determinants of ventricular arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction
Authors: Jáuregui Beatriz , Soto-Iglesias David , Penela Diego , Acosta Juan , Fernández-Armenta Juan , Linhart Markus , Ordóñez Augusto , San Antonio Rodolfo , Terés Cheryl , Chauca Alfredo , Carreño José M , Scherer Claudia , Falasconi Giulio , Prat-González Susana , Perea Rosario J , Mont Lluís , Bosch Xavier , Ortiz-Pérez José T , Berruezo Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
To non-invasively characterize, by means of late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR), scar differences, and potential variables associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurrence in chronic post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients.

Methods and results
A case–control study was designed through retrospective LGE-CMR data analysis of chronic post-MI patients (i) consecutively referred for VT substrate ablation after a first VT episode (n = 66) and (ii) from a control group (n = 84) with no arrhythmia evidence. The myocardium was characterized differentiating core, border zone (BZ), and BZ channels (BZCs) using the ADAS 3D post-processing imaging platform. Clinical and scar characteristics, including a novel parameter, the BZC mass, were compared between both groups. One hundred and fifty post-MI patients were included. Four multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were created for total scar mass, BZ mass, core mass, and BZC mass, adjusting them by age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A cut-off of 5.15 g of BZC mass identified the cases with 92.4% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity [area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.93 (0.89–0.97); P &lt; 0.001], with a significant increase in the AUC compared to other scar parameters (P &lt; 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons). Adding BZC mass to LVEF allowed to reclassify 33.3% of the cases and 39.3% of the controls [net reclassification improvement = 0.73 (0.71–0.74)].

Conclusions
The mass of BZC is the strongest independent variable associated with the occurrence of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in post-MI patients after adjustment for age, sex, and LVEF. Border zone channel mass measurement could permit a more accurate VT risk stratification than LVEF in chronic post-MI patients.
Analysis of Sex Chromosome Evolution in the Clade Palaeognathae from Phased Genome Assembly
Authors: Okuno Miki , Mizushima Shusei , Kuroiwa Asato , Itoh Takehiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Birds in the clade Palaeognathae, excluding Tinamiformes, have morphologically conserved karyotypes and less differentiated ZW sex chromosomes compared with those of other birds. In particular, the sex chromosomes of the ostrich and emu have exceptionally large recombining pseudoautosomal regions (PARs), whereas non-PARs are classified into two strata according to the date of their origins: stratum 0 and stratum 1 (S1). However, the construction and analysis of the genome sequences in these regions in the clade Palaeognathae can be challenging because assembling the S1 region is difficult owing to low sequence diversity between gametologs (Z-linked and W-linked sequences). We addressed this issue by applying the Platanus-allee assembler and successfully constructed the haplotype-resolved (phased) assembly for female emu, cassowary, and ostrich using only sequence read data derived from the Illumina platform. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses based on assembled Z-linked and W-linked sequences confirmed that the S1 region of emu and cassowary formed in their common ancestor. Moreover, the interspersed repetitive sequence landscapes in the S1 regions of female emu showed an expansion of younger repetitive elements in the W-linked S1 region, suggesting an interruption in homologous recombination in the S1 region. These results provide novel insights into the trajectory of sex chromosome evolution in the clade Palaeognathae and suggest that the Illumina-based phased assembly method is an effective approach for elucidating the evolutionary process underlying the transition from homomorphic to differentiated sex chromosomes.
An efficient routing heuristic for a drone-assisted delivery problem
Authors: Kundu Abhishake , Escobar Ricardo Gatica , Matis Timothy I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a routing heuristic for the Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem. This problem combines a single truck with a single drone. The drone may be launched from the truck from a customer location and can make a single package delivery before being recovered by the truck. While the drone is in flight, the truck can deliver packages independently. The problem is one of simultaneously assigning the customers to each vehicle and determining the synchronized routes for both vehicles to satisfy all customer demands in the shortest time possible. The problem is NP-hard. Our main contribution lies in developing a novel split algorithm that utilizes a shortest path approach for determining the optimal routing solution to a given order of customer locations. This split algorithm has polynomial complexity. We develop a heuristic solution to the problem by combining the split algorithm with local search techniques. This overall heuristic is shown to be accurate and computationally scalable to large, realistically sized problems applicable in last-mile logistics.
A discontinuous Galerkin coupling for nonlinear elasto-acoustics
Authors: Muhr Markus , Wohlmuth Barbara , Nikolić Vanja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inspired by medical applications of high-intensity ultrasound we study a coupled elasto-acoustic problem with general acoustic nonlinearities of quadratic type as they arise, for example, in the Westervelt and Kuznetsov equations of nonlinear acoustics. We derive convergence rates in the energy norm of a finite element approximation to the coupled problem in a setting that involves different acoustic materials and hence jumps within material parameters. A subdomain-based discontinuous Galerkin approach realizes the acoustic-acoustic coupling of different materials. At the same time, elasto-acoustic interface conditions are used for a mutual exchange of forces between the different models. Numerical simulations back up the theoretical findings in a three-dimensional setting with academic test cases as well as in an application-oriented simulation, where the modeling of human tissue as an elastic versus an acoustic medium is compared.
The Biomedical Research Hub: a federated platform for patient research data
Authors: Barnes Craig , Bajracharya Binam , Cannalte Matthew , Gowani Zakir , Haley Will , Kass-Hout Taha , Hernandez Kyle , Ingram Michael , Juvvala Hara Prasad , Kuffel Gina , Martinov Plamen , Maxwell J Montgomery , McCann John , Malhotra Ankit , Metoki-Shlubsky Noah , Meyer Chris , Paredes Andre , Qureshi Jawad , Ritter Xenia , Schumm Philip , Shao Mingfei , Sheth Urvi , Simmons Trevar , VanTol Alexander , Zhang Zhenyu , Grossman Robert L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to develop and operate a cloud-based federated system for managing, analyzing, and sharing patient data for research purposes, while allowing each resource sharing patient data to operate their component based upon their own governance rules. The federated system is called the Biomedical Research Hub (BRH).

Materials and Methods
The BRH is a cloud-based federated system built over a core set of software services called framework services. BRH framework services include authentication and authorization, services for generating and assessing findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data, and services for importing and exporting bulk clinical data. The BRH includes data resources providing data operated by different entities and workspaces that can access and analyze data from one or more of the data resources in the BRH.

Results
The BRH contains multiple data commons that in aggregate provide access to over 6 PB of research data from over 400 000 research participants.

Discussion and conclusion
With the growing acceptance of using public cloud computing platforms for biomedical research, and the growing use of opaque persistent digital identifiers for datasets, data objects, and other entities, there is now a foundation for systems that federate data from multiple independently operated data resources that expose FAIR application programming interfaces, each using a separate data model. Applications can be built that access data from one or more of the data resources.
Ubiquitin-dependent rapid degradation conceals a cell-protective function of cytoplasmic SIRT3 against oxidative stress
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Matsushita Takashi , Hisahara Shin , Iwahara Naotoshi , Kuno Atsushi , Kunimoto Risa , Hosoda Ryusuke , Tanno Masaya , Shimohama Shun , Horio Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSIRT3 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase localized in mitochondria. Several studies reported localization of SIRT3 in the cytoplasm or nucleus, but data of these studies were not consistent. We detected expression of mitochondrial (SIRT3mt) and cytoplasmic (SIRT3ct) Sirt3 mRNAs in the mouse brain, and we also found SIRT3 immunostaining of mitochondria and cytoplasm in the brain and cultured neural cells. However, expression levels of SIRT3ct in COS cells transfected with SIRT3ct cDNA were much lower than those of SIRT3mt. We found that SIRT3ct but not SIRT3mt was promptly degraded by ubiquitin-dependent degradation, in which SIRT3ct degradation was mediated mainly by ubiquitination of NH2-terminal methionine and partly by that of lysine residues of SIRT3ct. SIRT3ct expression level was significantly enhanced by the treatment of cells with staurosporine or H2O2. H2O2 treatment promoted nuclear translocation of SIRT3ct and induced histone H3 deacetylation and superoxide dismutase 2 expression. Overexpression of SIRT3ct decreased cell death caused by H2O2 at levels similar to those achieved by overexpression of SIRT3mt. Knockdown of Sirt3 mRNA increased cell death caused by amyloid-β (Aβ), and overexpression of SIRT3ct suppressed the toxic function of Aβ in PC12 cells. These results indicate that SIRT3ct promotes cell survival under physiological and pathological conditions.
Influence of Abiotic Factors on Walking Behavior of Hunting Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Gireesh Midhula , Joseph Shimat V 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hunting billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden, is an important insect pest of warm-season turfgrass. Larvae and adult S. venatus vestitus feed on turfgrass and affect normal grass growth and development. In sod farms and golf courses, management sprays are typically confined to affected areas because of the high insecticide and application costs. Understanding the walking behavior of S. venatus vestitus adults would help us to refine management tactics. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of abiotic factors on the walking behavior of adult S. venatus vestitus. A series of laboratory, semifield, and field assays were conducted in 2019 and 2020. For the laboratory assays, field-collected S. venatus vestitus adults were acclimated at 15, 18, 21, 28, and 32°C for 24 h, and the distances walked by these pre-acclimated adults were measured on sand and filter paper substrates using Noldus EthoVision XT software. For the semifield assays, the total and net distances walked by pre-acclimated adults were measured on a paved indoor surface. Sphenophorus venatus vestitus males and females moved farther when the temperature increased from 15 to 28°C in the laboratory and semifield assays. For the field assays, field-collected S. venatus vestitus adults were not acclimated. The total and net distances walked by the adults were documented on a paved surface. Increases in temperature and relative humidity did not affect the distance moved by adults, but an increase in wind speed reduced the distance moved.
A Potentially Known Confidential Settlement
Authors: Lee Frances Xu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article studies the incentive to settle confidentially, openly, or to go to trial given that the existence of a confidential settlement might become publicly known. Depending on whether the defendant (D) or the plaintiff cares more about the Public’s inference from the litigation outcome, a confidential settlement may signal a more-culpable or less-culpable D. The informational disadvantage of confidentiality is weighed against the benefit of privacy, as well as the litigants’ relative desire for more visibility or less visibility. (JEL K41, K13).
Inhibition of 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE expression by brassinosteroid reduces carotenoid accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Park Tae-Ki , Kang In-A , Park Chan-Ho , Roh Jeehee , Lee Se-Hwa , Kim Minjae , Jin EonSeon , Kim Seong-Ki , Kim Tae-Wuk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Unlike the indispensable function of the steroid hormone brassinosteroid (BR) in regulating plant growth and development, the metabolism of secondary metabolites regulated by BR is not well known. Here we show that BR reduces carotenoid accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. BR-deficient or BR-insensitive mutants accumulated higher content of carotenoids than wild-type plants, whereas BR treatment reduced carotenoid content. We demonstrated that BR transcriptionally suppresses 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE (HPPD) expression involved in carotenogenesis via plastoquinone production. We found that the expression of HPPD displays an oscillation pattern that is expressed more strongly in dark than in light conditions. Moreover, BR appeared to inhibit HPPD expression more strongly in darkness than in light, leading to suppression of a diurnal oscillation of HPPD expression. BR-responsive transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) directly bound to the promoter of HPPD, and HPPD suppression by BR was increased in the bzr1-1D gain-of-function mutation. Interestingly, dark-induced HPPD expression did not cause carotenoid accumulation, due to down-regulation of other carotenoid biosynthetic genes in the dark. Our results suggest that BR regulates different physiological responses in dark and light through inhibition of HPPD expression.
Impact of bacterial volatiles on phytopathogenic fungi: anin vitrostudy on microbial competition and interaction
Authors: Das Piyali , Effmert Uta , Baermann Gunnar , Quella Manuel , Piechulla Birgit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms in the rhizosphere are abundant and exist in very high taxonomic diversity. The major players are bacteria and fungi, and bacteria have evolved many strategies to prevail over fungi, among them harmful enzyme activities and noxious secondary metabolites. Interactions between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and phytopathogenic fungi are potentially valuable since the plant would benefit from fungal growth repression. In this respect, the role of volatile bacterial metabolites in fungistasis has been demonstrated, but the mechanisms of action are less understood. We used three phytopathogenic fungal species (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Juxtiphoma eupyrena) as well as one non-phytopathogenic species (Neurospora crassa) and the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 in co-cultivation assays to investigate the influence of bacterial volatile metabolites on fungi on a cellular level. As a response to the treatment, we found elevated lipid peroxidation, which indirectly reflected the loss of fungal cell membrane integrity. An increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and laccase activities indicated oxidative stress. Acclimation to these adverse growth conditions completely restored fungal growth. One of the bioactive bacterial volatile compounds seemed to be ammonia, which was a component of the bacterial volatile mixture. Applied as a single compound in biogenic concentrations ammonia also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities, but the extent and pattern did not fully match the effect of the entire bacterial volatile mixture.
An In Vitro Co-Culture System for Rapid Differential Response toFusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectumRace 4 in Three Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Parris Stephen M. , Jeffers Steven N. , Olvey James M. , Olvey James M. , Adelberg Jeffrey W. , Wen Li , Udall Joshua A. , Coleman Jeffrey J. , Jones Don C. , Saski Christopher A. 
Published: October 2021

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4) is a devastating fungus pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt in both domesticated cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum (Upland) and G. barbadense (Pima). Greenhouse and field-based pathogenicity assays can be a challenge because of nonuniform inoculum levels, the presence of endophytes, and varying environmental factors. Therefore, an in vitro coculture system was designed to support the growth of both domesticated cotton species and FOV4 via an inert polyphenolic foam substrate with a liquid medium. A Fusarium wilt–susceptible Pima cotton cultivar, G. barbadense ‘GB1031’; a highly resistant Pima cotton cultivar, G. barbadense ‘DP348RF’; and a susceptible Upland cotton cultivar, G. hirsutum ‘TM-1’, were evaluated for 30 days during coculture with FOV4 in this foam-based system. Thirty days after inoculation, disease symptoms were more severe in both susceptible cultivars, which displayed higher percentages of foliar damage, and greater plant mortality than observed in ‘DP348RF’, the resistant Pima cotton cultivar. This foam-based in vitro system may be useful for screening cotton germplasm for resistance to a variety of fungus pathogens and may facilitate the study of biotic interactions in domesticated cotton species under controlled environmental conditions.
An Innovative Nurse Staffing Model
Authors: Woltz Patricia C. , Wheaton Sandra , Knight Dianna , Purdue Kimberly 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop a flexible nurse reallocation solution.

BACKGROUND
Successful nurse reallocation supports appropriate staffing and may enhance workforce flexibility.

METHODS
An innovative program incentivizing regular nursing staff to volunteer for extra shifts systemwide was implemented at a large healthcare organization.

RESULTS
Nurses' perceptions of appropriate staffing improved, and nursing care quality was not compromised. The program primed the organization to respond to the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS
The staffing model has been sustained for 3+ years.