bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIET ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AND RELATED STUDIES IN PREHISTORIC UKRAINE: FACT, FICTION AND FANTASY
Authors: Lillie M. C. , Budd C. E. 
Published: April 2021

The authors consider scientific studies of Ukrainian skeletal material across the Epipalaeolithic to Eneolithic periods and offer some observations in relation to the efficacy of studies undertaken by different researchers. Firstly, the authors summarize the results of their own research since the original research undertaken by Lillie in the early 1990s, and present period based overviews (fig. 1—3) which discuss the nature of the evidence, the fact that fish remains important across the periods studied. The data also highlights the fact that by the Eneolithic period different culture groups are following distinct subsistence strategies. This is obviously marked by western dietary pathways linked to the integration of agro-pastoralism (and associated to presumed Trypillia farming groups at Verteba Cave), and those of the eastern hunter-fisher-foragers in the Dnieper region at Igren VIII and Molukhov Bugor.
Interestingly the chronological separation between these two sites is also linked to dietary variability. At the earlier site of Igren VIII there is diet isotope evidence for a relatively heavy reliance on freshwater resources as ca. 4300—4000 cal BC, whilst at the latter site of Molukhov Bugor, at 3950—3700 cal BC, a reduction in the reliance on freshwater resources is in evidence. This is accompanied by evidence for a broader spectrum approach to the exploitation of the wild resources in and around the Dnieper Rapids region. Radiocarbon dating is shown to be affected by the FRE at the sites in and around the Dnieper system. This is clearly not the case at Verteba Cave because the freshwater reservoir effect is not associated with dietary pathways that place a reliance on terrestrial resources.
The authors discuss the dating (fig. 4—6) and mobility and dietary isotope studies that they undertook at this location and contextualize these by comparison to the work of other researchers. It is suggested that some issues occur in relation to the different research groups activities at Verteba Cave, and the fact that there is a clear need for a more considered approach to the data presented by these other groups is highlighted. It could be argued that a lack of detailed knowledge and collaboration occurs despite the fact that there are clear overlaps between research agendas. The authors conclude with a call for targeted multi-disciplinary analyses aimed at whole cemetery studies in order to further enhance our understanding of socio-economic and societal developments during the early to mid-Holocene in Ukraine.
MEDIEVAL POPULATION OF POLOTSK ACCORDING TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL DATA
Authors: Yemialyanchyk V. A. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze human skeletal remains from 13th—14th centuries burials discovered on the territory of the Lower Castle in Polotsk, Belarus. The article deals with the morphological characteristics of medieval urban population and skeletal stress indicators such as mortality and cribra orbitalia.
According to most craniological characteristics, a series of male skulls from Polotsk of the 13th—14th centuries is similar to a sample of the medieval rural population of Polotsk land from burial mounds of the 11th—13th centuries. The differences relate to an increase in the cranial index in the later Polotsk series, which reflects the onset of epoch-making brachycephalization. In addition, Polotsk urban population differs from the rural population in a number of features characterizing the structural features of the facial skeleton (a higher face, a larger index of facial protrusion, a smaller protrusion of the nose). These differences can be genetically determined and indicate the participation of the alien component in the formation of Polotsk medieval population.
The body length of adult men from Polotsk varies within 162—175 cm and averages 169.5 cm. The body length of adult women varies within 147—159 cm and averages 156 cm. Compared to the later Polotsk population of 17th—18th centuries, the medieval urban population was taller (2.5 cm in men and 2 cm in women).
The average age of adult death in the studied group was 35.1 years. The average age of death for Polotsk women was 3 years less than for men.
The group of Polotsk medieval population is characterized by relatively high frequencies of cribra orbitalia. Among adults, the indicator is present in 32.2 % of cases, among children — in 55.5 % of cases.
Compared with the rural population of the 11th—13th centuries urban population of Polotsk of the 13th—14th centuries had higher mortality rates and increased incidence of cribra orbitalia, which indicates deterioration in general health in Polotsk urban population. The most probable causes of this phenomenon were, on the one hand, negative factors of urbanization, and on the other hand, the cooling of the climate, which began in Europe in the 14th century and led to deterioration in the living conditions of a significant part of the region’s population.
NEW RESULTS OF DIRECT RADIOCARBON AMS DATING OF THE POTTERY FROM THE BUH-DNISTER SUB-NEOLITHIC СULTURE
Authors: Haskevych D. L. , Endo E. , Kunikita D. 
Published: April 2021

Traditional ideas about the origin of the Buh-Dnister Culture (BDC) and its synchronisation with the Neolithic cultures of the Danube-Carpathian region were questioned by series of radiocarbon dates measured on bones at the Kyiv laboratory in the 1998—2004. To start addressing this problem, 11 AMS dates on organic inclusions in the ceramic paste and charred residues on the surface of vessels were obtained at the Tokyo University laboratory. The set of new dates has given a wide scatter of their values within the entire period outlined by the previous BDC dates. Moreover, the two results of the second quarter of the 7th millennium BC for the Hlynske 1 and Bazkiv Ostriv site are beyond it and may potentially be the oldest dates of the culture. However, analysis of the samples in terms of carbon content, their susceptibility to the influence of the freshwater reservoir effect, correspondence to the stratigraphy of the sites and typology of materials detected only six more credible dates. Their order on the timeline coincides with generally accepted ideas about the sequence of existence of the different BDC pottery types. The youngest is the vessel of the Savran type from Shumyliv-Cherniatka has yielded two dates falling into the range of 4723—4491 cal BC, when the Trypillia culture bearers already populat the region. Two vessels of the Samchyntsi type from Bazkiv Ostriv yield three dates within the range of 5288—4847 cal BC, which corresponds to their finding next to fragments of fine «music-note» bowls of the Linear Band Pottery Culture. The Skybyntsi type vessel from Bazkiv Ostriv yield the oldest plausible date of 5621—5514 cal BC, which corresponds to the age of the Criş monuments in Moldova. Unfortunately, the new dates did not shed light on the issues of the time and direction of the first pottery spreading in the region. Thus, this needs further research including reliably direct radiocarbon dating on pottery.
WESTERN GEORGIA AS A TRANSITIONAL ZONE IN MIGRATION OF THE PROTONEOLITHIC GROUPS TO EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Manko V. O. , Chkhatarashvіlі G. L. 
Published: April 2021

The issue of studying the global migration of the population of the Near and Middle East to the territory of Eastern Europe at the end of the Pleistocene and at the beginning of the Holocene is analyzed in the paper.
At the turn of Pleistocene-Holocene the stone industries with similar characteristics in Iran, Iraq, Georgia and Ukraine one can observe. These industries are called M’lefaatian, Kobuletian, Kukrekian. These industries were characterized by using the pressing technique to produce blades, bladelets and microblades; using bladelets with abrupt retouch to make complex bone arrowheads. At the very end of the Pleistocene, the migration of the M’lefaatian population began. The stone industry of the first wave of migrants was associated with elements of the Zarzian industry. In the future, waves of M’lefaatian migrants poured innovative technologies related to the production of stone vessels, grooved tools, pottery into the territory of Western Georgia and Ukraine. The most important role in the development of Eastern European culture was the change in the funeral rite at the Boreal-Atlantic border, when the funeral traditions of M’lefaatian fell into the territory of Ukraine. The migration process ends with the transition to the Neolithic and to farming in the second half of 7th thousand BC.
Analysis of the synchronous development of M’lefaatian, Kobuletian, Kukrekian allows us to conclude that the migration of the M’lefaatian population has been permanent in nature for 3—4 thousand years. Small population groups created a constant influx of population into the territory of Georgia and Ukraine. Some groups made shuttle migrations. All this created the conditions for a constant exchange of innovative technologies for the population of the Northern Black Sea Region and the Middle East. The result of this process was the transition of M’lefaatian migrants to a Neolithic lifestyle. The study of M’lefaatian migration creates the conditions for studying the patterns of transition to the Neolithic in the South Caucasus and Eastern Europe.
Epidemiological study of Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections
Authors: PRISACARI Viorel , ANDRONACHI Nicoleta 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections in the current healthcare system worldwide due to its high resistance to antibiotics, including those considered as a last resort, thus posing threat to severe clinical forms, as well as exhibiting significant economic and clinical impact.
Material and methods. A descriptive longitudinal and cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out based on the model of multidisciplinary care hospitals.
Results. The generalized clinical forms of Acinetobacter nosocomial infections predominate in 56.30%, including: pulmonary sepsis – 25.59%, abdominal sepsis – 11.81%, septicemia – 9.45%, wound sepsis– 6.30%, biliary sepsis – 1.97%, and urosepsis – 1.18% of cases. Local infections were found in 16.93% of wound infections and in 14.57% of pneumonia cases. A. baumanii was present in the etiological structure of 98.18% of cases, exhibiting an increased resistance to antibiotics, particularly to monobactams – 100.0%, macrolides – 98.82%, penicillins – 98.08%, cephalosporins – 97.65%, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors – 93.20%, fluoroquinolones – 87.16%, and amphenicols – 84.17% of cases. A. baumanii strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections were found to be multidrug resistant to antibiotics in 93.08% of cases.
Conclusions. Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections represent a major public health issue that requires the implementation of strict surveillance and control strategies, including the rational use of antibiotics.
Comparative assessment of clinical-paraclinical manifestations of rotavirus infection versus genotypical variety in infants
Authors: DONOS Ala , ALSALIEM Tatiana , SPINU Constantin , REVENCO Ninel , TUREA Valentin , MIHU Ion , COJOCARU Radu , GHEORGHITA Stela , SPINU Igor , ILIEV Albina-Mihaela , SUVEICA Luminita 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. RVI (rotavirus infection) is the most common cause of dehydration in infants and young children. The implementation of the sentinel surveillance of RVI in infants from 2008 in the Republic of Moldova demonstrated the high rate of this infection (40.0%), being an argument in recommending the antirotaviral immunization in children within the National Immunization Program.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 193 children with acute diarrheal disease, included in the sentinel supervision (2012-2016) and treated in the Unit for Acute Diarrheal Diseases at Children’s Clinical Hospital no. 1. The biological material was examined by serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyping, revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results. The rotavirus infection was confirmed in 193 infants, of which 121 children were not vaccinated against RVI, and 72 were immunized. Depending on the genotypes encountered before and after vaccination, it was found that G9P [8], G3P[8], G4P[8] were detected before vaccination, although postvaccine prevailed G2P[4], G4P[8]. In addition, the incidence of RVI is decreasing and the disease evolution is much better.
Conclusions. This article reflects the evolution of the genotypic properties of rotaviruses and the clinical-paraclinical particularities of RVI in infants, highlighting the importance of the implementation of antiretroviral immunization in children within the National Immunization Program in the Republic of Moldova.
Effects of land-use on herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid Mopaneveld savanna
Authors: Siebert F. , Van Staden N. , Komape D.M. , Swemmer A.M. , Siebert S.J. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Low altitude Mopaneveld savanna in the northeastern parts of South Africa is generally well conserved. However, extensive copper mining, agricultural practices and urbanisation in the Phalaborwa region prompted research on the possible effects of land-use change on plant community diversity and function. Species diversity measures are usually considered adequate to assess disturbance effects to inform conservation efforts and management practices. However, diversity measures based on species level accounts often limit the outcomes of these studies as this approach fails to quantify how disturbances affect ecosystem functioning when community assembly, and not species diversity alone, is altered by land-use change.Objectives: The aim of this study was to apply both species and functional diversity measures to a data set derived from various land-use types (i.e. areas exposed to strip mining activities, communal farming practices and conservation) in the Phalaborwa region to examine the effects of land-use change on the community ecology of the herbaceous layer.Results: Land-use change, particularly severe top-soil disturbances through strip mining activities, had a significant filtering effect on all measures of species diversity, though functional evenness was maintained across land-use types.Conclusion: These results suggest that, despite initial species loss, this particular savanna ecosystem is buffered against anthropogenic disturbances through functional stability. Indicator species analyses, as well as relationships between plant functional types and land-use change, revealed that forb species are largely responsible for ecosystem stability in areas exposed to anthropogenic disturbances.
First Demonstration of Early Warning Gravitational-wave Alerts
Authors: Magee Ryan , Chatterjee Deep , Singer Leo P. , Sachdev Surabhi , Kovalam Manoj , Mo Geoffrey , Anderson Stuart , Brady Patrick , Brockill Patrick , Cannon Kipp , Dal Canton Tito , Chu Qi , Clearwater Patrick , Codoreanu Alex , Drago Marco , Godwin Patrick , Ghosh Shaon , Greco Giuseppe , Hanna Chad , Kapadia Shasvath J. , Katsavounidis Erik , Oloworaran Victor , Pace Alexander E. , Panther Fiona , Patwary Anwarul , De Pietri Roberto , Piotrzkowski Brandon , Prestegard Tanner , Rei Luca , Sreekumar Anala K. , Szczepańczyk Marek J. , Valsan Vinaya , Viets Aaron , Wade Madeline , Wen Linqing , Zweizig John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gravitational-wave observations became commonplace in Advanced LIGO-Virgo’s recently concluded third observing run. 56 nonretracted candidates were identified and publicly announced in near real time. Gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers, however, remain of special interest since they can be precursors to high-energy astrophysical phenomena like γ-ray bursts and kilonovae. While late-time electromagnetic emissions provide important information about the astrophysical processes within, the prompt emission along with gravitational waves uniquely reveals the extreme matter and gravity during—and in the seconds following—merger. Rapid communication of source location and properties from the gravitational-wave data is crucial to facilitate multimessenger follow-up of such sources. This is especially enabled if the partner facilities are forewarned via an early warning (pre-merger) alert. Here we describe the commissioning and performance of such a low-latency infrastructure within LIGO-Virgo. We present results from an end-to-end mock data challenge that detects binary neutron star mergers and alerts partner facilities before merger. We set expectations for these alerts in future observing runs.
Injection of Inner Oort Cloud Objects into the Distant Kuiper Belt by Planet Nine
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Brown Michael E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The outer solar system exhibits an anomalous pattern of orbital clustering, characterized by an approximate alignment of the apsidal lines and angular momentum vectors of distant, long-term stable Kuiper Belt objects. One explanation for this dynamical confinement is the existence of a yet-undetected planetary-mass object, “Planet Nine (P9).” Previous work has shown that trans-Neptunian objects, that originate within the scattered disk population of the Kuiper Belt, can be corralled into orbital alignment by Planet Nine’s gravity over ∼Gyr timescales, and characteristic P9 parameters have been derived by matching the properties of a synthetic Kuiper Belt generated within numerical simulations to the available observational data. In this work, we show that an additional dynamical process is in play within the framework of the Planet Nine hypothesis, and demonstrate that P9-induced dynamical evolution facilitates orbital variations within the otherwise dynamically frozen inner Oort cloud. As a result of this evolution, inner Oort cloud bodies can acquire orbits characteristic of the distant scattered disk, implying that if Planet Nine exists, the observed census of long-period trans-Neptunian objects is comprised of a mixture of Oort cloud and Kuiper Belt objects. Our simulations further show that although inward-injected inner Oort cloud objects exhibit P9-driven orbital confinement, the degree of clustering is weaker than that of objects originating within the Kuiper Belt. Cumulatively, our results suggest that a more eccentric Planet Nine is likely necessary to explain the data than previously thought.
Discovery of Double-ring Structure in the Supernova Remnant N103B: Evidence for Bipolar Winds from a Type Ia Supernova Progenitor
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroya , Acero Fabio , Li Chuan-Jui , Chu You-Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The geometric structure of supernova remnants (SNR) provides a clue to unveiling the pre-explosion evolution of their progenitors. Here we present an X-ray study of N103B (0509–68.7), a Type Ia SNR in the Large Magellanic Cloud, that is known to be interacting with dense circumstellar matter (CSM). Applying our novel method for feature extraction to deep Chandra observations, we have successfully resolved the CSM, Fe-rich ejecta, and intermediate-mass element (IME) ejecta components, and revealed each of their spatial distributions. Remarkably, the IME ejecta component exhibits a double-ring structure, implying that the SNR expands into an hourglass-shape cavity and thus forms bipolar bubbles of the ejecta. This interpretation is supported by more quantitative spectroscopy that reveals a clear bimodality in the distribution of the ionization state of the IME ejecta. These observational results can be naturally explained if the progenitor binary system had formed a dense CSM torus on the orbital plane prior to the explosion, providing further evidence that the SNR N103B originates from a single-degenerate progenitor.
On the Tidal History and Future of the Earth–Moon Orbital System
Authors: Tyler Robert H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Earth’s rotation rate and the evolution of the Earth–Moon system have been controlled by tidal dissipation in Earth’s ocean. Attempts to model the tidal history have shown incomplete compatibility with observations and unclear isolation of the most important controlling factors. Here it is shown that a relatively simple model with no explicit description of the continents (their effects are instead parameterized) can accurately reproduce the available observations (lunar distance and month, Earth’s rotation and deceleration rates) describing the tidal evolution over the past 2.5 billion yr and also evade the paradox of an early Moon falling within the Roche limit. Notably, the model reproduces an observed dissipation peak 400 million yr ago. The model involves fitting two input parameters (the effective ocean depth h and the nondimensional dissipation timescale

T

˜

, the latter of which can be related to the more typically used quality factor Q). The best-fit values (h = 2.3 km and

T

˜

=
40

, corresponding to Q ≈ 20–28) derived empirically from the model correspond well with the plausibly expected values (h ≈ 2.5 km and Q ≈ 20) derived using independent reasoning and observations. The model shows very clearly that the tidal evolution has been primarily controlled by the rate of resonance in the ocean response, not the evolving amplitude of the tidal forces or forcing frequency. More closely, it also shows that the effect of Earth’s rotation on the Lamb parameter (or nondimensional wave speed) has driven the evolution, and that changes in frequency or other parameters have been much less important.
Dynamical Tides in Jupiter as Revealed by Juno
Authors: Idini Benjamin , Stevenson David J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Juno orbiter has continued to collect data on Jupiter's gravity field with unprecedented precision since 2016, recently reporting a nonhydrostatic component in the tidal response of the planet. At the mid-mission perijove 17, Juno registered a Love number k
2 = 0.565 ± 0.006 that is −4% ± 1% (1σ) from the theoretical hydrostatic

k

2

(
hs
)

=
0.590

. Here we assess whether the aforementioned departure of tides from hydrostatic equilibrium represents the neglected gravitational contribution of dynamical tides. We employ perturbation theory and simple tidal models to calculate a fractional dynamical correction Δk
2 to the well-known hydrostatic k
2. Exploiting the analytical simplicity of a toy uniform-density model, we show how the Coriolis acceleration motivates the negative sign in the Δk
2 observed by Juno. By simplifying Jupiter’s interior into a coreless, fully convective, and chemically homogeneous body, we calculate Δk
2 in a model following an n = 1 polytrope equation of state. Our numerical results for the n = 1 polytrope qualitatively follow the behavior of the uniform-density model, mostly because the main component of the tidal flow is similar in each case. Our results indicate that the gravitational effect of the Io-induced dynamical tide leads to Δk
2 = − 4% ± 1%, in agreement with the nonhydrostatic component reported by Juno. Consequently, our results suggest that Juno obtained the first unambiguous detection of the gravitational effect of dynamical tides in a gas giant planet. These results facilitate a future interpretation of Juno tidal gravity data with the purpose of elucidating the existence of a dilute core in Jupiter.