bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of self-re-learning using video recordings of advanced life support on nursing students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills performance
Authors: Jang Kyeongmin , Kim Sung Hwan , Oh Ja Young , Mun Ji Yeon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Nurses are presumably the first to see an in-hospital cardiac arrest patient. This study proposed measuring nursing students’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills performance in advanced life support (ALS), 6 months after training, by sending videos taken during their final skills test after the ALS training.

Methods
This is an experimental study using a randomised control group design. This study was conducted from June to December 2018, and the subjects of the study were 4th year students, recruited through a bulletin board at a nursing university. The participants’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and skill performance in ALS were evaluated immediately after the training, and participants were videotaped during the final skills test. Thereafter, the videos were sent to the experimental group through a mobile phone messenger application, once a month, from the third month after training. Approximately six months after training day, a follow-up test was conducted for the measured variables using a blinded method. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the two groups pre-and post-intervention. The statistical significance level was set at p < .05.

Results
Six months after the ALS training, knowledge scores decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy decreased by about 3 points from 50.55 to 47.18 in the experimental group (p = 0.089), while it decreased by 10 points in the control group, from 50.67 to 39 (p < 0.001). The skills performance decreased from 27.5 to 26.68 in the experimental group, while it decreased significantly from 27.95 to 16.9 in the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Self-study with videos taken during an ALS skills test helps enhance the sustainable effects of training such as knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills performance.
Understanding HPV-positive women’s needs and experiences in relation to patient-provider communication issues: a qualitative study
Authors: Qaderi Kowsar , Geranmayeh Mehrnaz , Farnam Farnaz , Sheikh Hasani Shahrzad , Mirmolaei Seyedeh Tahereh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
HPV testing has been integrated in cervical cancer screening program. Patient-providers relationship is extremely important to improve cervical cancer screening outcomes. This qualitative study aims to understand HPV-positive women’s needs and preferences about HCPs and patient-provider communication based on their experiences of accessing primary and specialized care.

Methods
We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with HPV-positive women. Recorded interviews transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.

Results
The analysis of the data led to the extraction of three main categories, including: provider’s communication and counseling skills, commitment to professional principles, and knowledgeable and competent provider. Women needed understandable discussion about HPV, emotional support and acceptance, receiving HPV-related guidance and advice, and some considerations during clinical appointments. Women needed HCPs to treat them respectfully, gently and with non-judgmental attitude. “Precancerous” and “high-risk” words and watching colposcopy monitor during procedure had made women anxious. Weak referral system and limited interactions among gynecologists and other HCPs highlighted by participants.

Conclusion
The results of this study, based on the experiences and perceptions of HPV women receiving health care, contain messages and practical tips to healthcare providers at the primary and specialized levels of care to facilitate patient-provider communication around HPV. Providers need to approach the discussion of HPV with sensitivity and take individual needs and preferences into account to improve the HPV-positive women’s healthcare experience.
Scores based on neutrophil percentage and lactate dehydrogenase with or without oxygen saturation predict hospital mortality risk in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Fan Xiude , Zhu Bin , Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Jiang Chunguo , Feng Xiaokai , Poulsen Kyle , Baradaran Behzad , Fang Jiansong , Ade Erfan Ahmadi , Sharifi Akbar , Zhao Zhigang , Han Qunying , Zhang Yong , Zhang Liming , Liu Zhengwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Risk scores are needed to predict the risk of death in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the context of rapid disease progression.

Methods
Using data from China (training dataset, n = 96), prediction models were developed by logistic regression and then risk scores were established. Leave-one-out cross validation was used for internal validation and data from Iran (test dataset, n = 43) was used for external validation.

Results
A NSL model (area under the curve (AUC) 0.932) and a NL model (AUC 0.903) were developed based on neutrophil percentage and lactate dehydrogenase with and without oxygen saturation (SaO2) using the training dataset. AUCs of the NSL and NL models in the test dataset were 0.910 and 0.871, respectively. The risk scoring systems corresponding to these two models were established. The AUCs of the NSL and NL scores in the training dataset were 0.928 and 0.901, respectively. At the optimal cut-off value of NSL score, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 82%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of NL score were 94% and 75%, respectively.

Conclusions
These scores may be used to predict the risk of death in severe COVID-19 patients and the NL score could be used in regions where patients' SaO2 cannot be tested.
Association of spectroscopically determined leaf nutrition related traits and breeding selection in Sassafras tzumu
Authors: Liu Jun , Sun Yang , Liu Wenjian , Tan Zifeng , Jiang Jingmin , Li Yanjie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant traits related to nutrition have an influential role in tree growth, tree production and nutrient cycling. Therefore, the breeding program should consider the genetics of the traits. However, the measurement methods could seriously affect the progress of breeding selection program. In this study, we tested the ability of spectroscopy to quantify the specific leaf nutrition traits including anthocyanins (ANTH), flavonoids (FLAV) and nitrogen balance index (NBI), and estimated the genetic variation of these leaf traits based on the spectroscopic predicted data. Fresh leaves of Sassafras tzumu were selected for spectral collection and ANTH, FLAV and NBI concentrations measurement by standard analytical methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR), five spectra pre-processing methods, and four variable selection algorisms were conducted for the optimal model selection. Each trait model was simulated 200 times for error estimation.

Results
The standard normal variate (SNV) to the ANTH model and 1st derivatives to the FLAV and NBI models, combined with significant Multivariate Correlation (sMC) algorithm variable selection are finally regarded as the best performance models. The ANTH model produced the highest accuracy of prediction with a mean R2 of 0.72 and mean RMSE of 0.10%, followed by FLAV and NBI model (mean R2 of 0.58, mean RMSE of 0.11% and mean R2 of 0.44, mean RMSE of 0.04%). High heritability was found for ANTH, FLAV and NBI with h2 of 0.78, 0.58 and 0.61 respectively. It shows that it is beneficial and possible for breeding selection to the improvement of leaf nutrition traits.

Conclusions
Spectroscopy can successfully characterize the leaf nutrition traits in living tree leaves and the ability to simultaneous multiple plant traits provides a promising and high-throughput tool for the quick analysis of large size samples and serves for genetic breeding program.
Comparison of new hyperspectral index and machine learning models for prediction of winter wheat leaf water content
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Zhang Wen , Xiong Shuping , Song Zhaoxiang , Tian Wenzhong , Shi Lei , Ma Xinming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The leaf water content estimation model is established by hyperspectral technology, which is crucial and provides technical reference for precision irrigation.

Methods
In this study, two consecutive years of field experiments (different irrigation times and seven wheat varieties) in 2018–2020 were performed to obtain the canopy spectra reflectance and leaf water content (LWC) data. The characteristic bands related to LWC were extracted from correlation coefficient method (CA) and x-Loading weight method (x-Lw). Five modeling methods, spectral index and four other methods (Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Extreme Random Trees (ERT), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)) based characteristic bands, were employed to construct LWC estimation models.

Results
The results showed that the canopy spectral reflectance increased with the increase of irrigation times, especially in the near-infrared band (750–1350 nm). The prediction accuracy of the newly developed differential spectral index DVI (R1185, R1307) was higher than that of the existing spectral index, with R2 of 0.85 and R2 of 0.78 for the calibration and validation, respectively. Due to a large amount of hyperspectral data, the correlation coefficient method (CA) and x-Loading weight (x-Lw) were used to select the water characteristic bands (100 and 28 characteristic bands, respectively) from the full spectrum. We found that the accuracy of the model based on the characteristic bands was not significantly lower than that of the full spectrum-based models. Among these models, the ERT- x-Lw model performed the best (R2 and RMSE of 0.88 and 1.46; 0.84 and 1.62 for the calibration and validation, respectively). In addition, the accuracy of the LWC estimation model constructed by ERT-x-Lw was higher than that of DVI (R1185, R1307).

Conclusion
The two models based on ERT-x-Lw and DVI (R1185, R1307) can effectively predict wheat leaf water content. The results provide a technical reference and a basis for crop water monitoring and diagnosis under similar production conditions.
Assessment of fluralaner as a treatment in controlling Dermanyssus gallinae infestation on commercial layer farms and the potential for resulting benefits of improved bird welfare and productivity
Authors: Petersen Ivo , Johannhörster Katharina , Pagot Eric , Escribano Damian , Zschiesche Eva , Temple Déborah , Thomas Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Poultry red mite (PRM) (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations are a cause of anaemia, impaired productivity and stress-related behaviours linked to reduced hen welfare. A study investigated the potential health, welfare and productivity benefits following fluralaner treatment to eliminate PRM from infested hens.

Methods
A PRM-infested layer house was selected on a free-range farm (5400 hens) and an aviary farm (42,400 hens). Fluralaner (Exzolt®; 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice, 7 days apart (Weeks 0 and 1), via drinking water. Mite populations were monitored by traps. Cameras recorded nighttime hen behaviours weekly, pre- and post-treatment. On the free-range farm, daytime behaviours were also recorded weekly. For pre- and post-treatment corticosterone assessments, eggs were randomly collected on both farms, and blood samples were collected from 50 randomly selected aviary farm hens. Production parameters were assessed using farm records.

Results
Throughout the post-treatment period, fluralaner efficacy against PRM was > 99% on both farms. On the aviary and free-range farms, treatment was followed by significant nighttime increases in the proportion of resting hens (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0175, respectively). Significant post-treatment versus pre-treatment nighttime reductions were observed in head shaking (aviary, P < 0.0001; free-range P = 0.0233) and preening (P = 0.0032; P = 0.0018) and on the aviary farm in bouts of body shaking (P = 0.0108), vertical wing shaking (P = 0.0002), head scratching (P = 0.0335), and gentle feather pecking (P < 0.0001). On the free-range farm there were significant daytime reductions in head scratching (P < 0.0001), head shaking (P = 0.0492) and preening (P = 0.0012). Relative to standard production parameters, no differences were detected on the aviary farm, but on the free-range farm the laying rate decline with increasing age was less than expected and the increase in egg weight greater than expected. Post-treatment increases in egg and plasma corticosterone were suggestive of stress factors in addition to mite infestation. Red blood cell counts and haematocrit increased following treatment.

Conclusion
Fluralaner treatment eliminated mite challenge, leading to improved hen welfare and health, based on reductions in stress-related behaviours and restoration of the anaemia-inducing effects of mite blood feeding.

Graphical Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cell (GSC)-derived PD-L1-containing exosomes activates AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy to increase temozolomide-resistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Zheng Yong , Liu Liang , Wang Yan , Xiao Shan , Mai Rongkang , Zhu Zifeng , Cao Yiyao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ)-resistance hampers the therapeutic efficacy of this drug for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment in clinic, and emerging evidences suggested that exosomes from GBM-derived stem cells (GSCs) contributed to this process, but the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, we reported that GSCs derived programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) containing exosomes activated AMPK/ULK1 pathway mediated protective autophagy enhanced TMZ-resistance in GBM in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we noticed that continuous low-dose TMZ stimulation promoted GSCs generation and PD-L1 containing exosomes (PD-L1-ex) secretion in GBM cells, and that PD-L1-ex inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy to increased TMZ-resistance in GBM cells, which were reversed by co-treating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Consistently, upregulation of PD-L1 also increased TMZ-resistance in TS-GBM cells, and silencing of PD-L1 sensitized TR-GBM cells to TMZ. In addition, PD-L1-ex activated AMPK/ULK1 pathway to induce autophagy in TMZ treated GBM cells, and the inhibitors for AMPK (compound C) and ULK1 (SBI-0206965) promoted cell apoptosis in GBM cells co-treated with PD-L1-ex and high-dose TMZ. Finally, we evidenced that PD-L1-ex promoted tumor growth and Ki67 protein expressions to increase TMZ-resistance in GBM in vivo. Collectively, we concluded that GSCs-derived PD-L1-ex activated AMPK1/ULK1 signaling cascade mediated autophagy to increase TMZ-resistance in GBM, and this study provided potential strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ in GBM.
Modes of transmission and attack rates of group A Streptococcal infection: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barth Dylan D. , Daw Jessica , Xu Ruomei , Enkel Stephanie , Pickering Janessa , McRae Tracy , Engel Mark E. , Carapetis Jonathan , Wyber Rosemary , Bowen Asha C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This bacterium is responsible for a range of different infections and post-infectious sequelae. Summarising the current knowledge of Strep A transmission to humans will address gaps in the evidence and inform prevention and control strategies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the modes of transmission and attack rates of group A streptococcal infection in human populations.

Methods
This systematic review protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 Statement. Using a comprehensive search strategy to identify any transmission studies that have been published in English since 1980, full-text articles will be identified and considered for inclusion against predefined criteria. We will include all studies reporting on Strep A transmission, who have identified a mode of transmission, and who reported attack rates. Risk of bias will be appraised using an appropriate tool. Our results will be described narratively and where feasible and appropriate, a meta-analysis utilizing the random-effects model will be used to aggregate the incidence proportions (attack rates) for each mode of transmission. In addition, we will also evaluate the emm genotype variants of the M protein causing Strep A infection and the association with transmission routes and attack rates, if any, by setting, socioeconomic background and geographical regions.

Discussion
We anticipate that this review will contribute to elucidating Strep A modes of transmission which in turn, will serve to inform evidence-based strategies including environmental health activities to reduce the transmission of Strep A in populations at risk of severe disease.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42019138472).
Stability of a generalized n-variable mixed-type functional equation in fuzzy modular spaces
Authors: Ramdoss Murali , Pachaiyappan Divyakumari , Park Choonkil , Lee Jung Rye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research paper deals with general solution and the Hyers–Ulam stability of a new generalizedn-variable mixed type of additive and quadratic functional equations in fuzzy modular spaces by using the fixed point method.
Fluorescence polarization assay improves the rapid detection of human brucellosis in China
Authors: Dong Shuai-Bing , Xiao Di , Liu Jing-Yao , Bi Hui-Mei , Zheng Zun-Rong , Wang Li-Da , Yang Xiao-Wen , Tian Guo-Zhong , Zhao Hong-Yan , Piao Dong-Ri , Xing Zhi-Feng , Jiang Hai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Early diagnosis is the key to preventing, treating, and controlling brucellosis. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPA) is a new immunoassay for relatively rapid and accurate detection of antibodies or antigens based on antigen–antibody interaction. However, there is no report on FPA-based detection of human brucellosis in China. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the value of FPA for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in China.

Methods
We recruited 320 suspected brucellosis cases who had the clinical symptoms and epidemiological risk factors between January and December, 2019. According to China Guideline for Human Brucellosis Diagnosis, the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was used for the screening test, and the serum agglutination test (SAT) was used as the confirmatory test. Brucellosis was confirmed only if the results of both tests were positive. Additionally, FPA and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) were compared with SAT, and their sensitivity, specificity, coincidence rate and consistency coefficient (Kappa value) as diagnostic tests were analyzed individually and in combination. The optimal cut-off value of FPA was also determined using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
The optimum cut-off value of FPA was determined to be 88.5 millipolarization (mP) units, with a sensitivity of 94.5% and specificity of 100.0%. Additionally, the coincidence rate with the SAT test was 96.6%, and the Kappa value (0.9) showed excellent consistency. The sensitivity and specificity of FPA and ELISA combined were higher at 98.0% and 100.0% respectively.

Conclusions
When the cut-off value of FPA test is set at 88.5 mP, it has high value for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Additionally, when FPA and ELISA are combined, the sensitivity of diagnosis is significantly improved. Thus, FPA may have potential in the future as a diagnostic method for human brucellosis in China.

Graphic abstract
Behavior of magmatic components in fumarolic gases related to the 2018 phreatic eruption at Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Kirishima Volcanic Group, Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Ohba Takeshi , Yaguchi Muga , Tsunogai Urumu , Ito Masanori , Shingubara Ryo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDirect sampling and analysis of fumarolic gas was conducted at Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Japan, between December 2015 and July 2020. Notable changes in the chemical composition of gases related to volcanic activity included a sharp increase in SO2 and H2 concentrations in May 2017 and March 2018. The analyses in March 2018 immediately preceded the April 2018 eruption at Ioyama volcano. The isotopic ratios of H2O in fumarolic gas revealed the process of formation. Up to 49% high-enthalpy magmatic vapor mixed with 51% of cold local meteoric water to generate coexisting vapor and liquid phases at 100–160 °C. Portions of the vapor and liquid phases were discharged as fumarolic gases and hot spring water, respectively. The CO2/SO2 ratio of the fumarolic gas was higher than that estimated for magmatic vapor due to SO2 hydrolysis during the formation of the vapor phase. When the flux of the magmatic vapor was high, effects of hydrolysis were small resulting in low CO2/SO2 ratios in fumarolic gases. The high apparent equilibrium temperature defined for reactions involving SO2, H2S, H2 and H2O, together with low CO2/SO2 and H2S /SO2 ratios were regarded to be precursor signals to the phreatic eruption at Ioyama volcano. The apparent equilibrium temperature increased rapidly in May 2017 and March 2018 suggesting an increased flux of magmatic vapor. Between September 2017 and January 2018, the apparent equilibrium temperature was low suggesting the suppression of magmatic vapor flux. During this period, magmatic eruptions took place at Shinmoedake volcano 5 km away from Ioyama volcano. We conclude that magma sealing and transport to Shinmoedake volcano occurred simultaneously in the magma chamber beneath Ioyama volcano.
Initial experience with HydroPearl microspheres for uterine artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Patetta Matthew A. , Isaacson Ari J. , Stewart Jessica K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids. The HydroPearl Microsphere (Terumo Interventional Systems) is an embolic agent approved for UAE and other embolization procedures. The purpose of this article is to describe our initial experience with HydroPearl for UAE in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Twenty-one patients who underwent UAE using HydroPearl Microspheres at a single institution from May 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were included in the study. The electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for documentation of short- and long-term complications, as well as improvements in menorrhagia and bulk-type symptoms. We also describe unique attributes of the HydroPearl Microsphere that should be considered when utilizing this embolization particle for UAE.

Results
Of the 21 patients, 18 had a 3-month or later post-procedure follow-up documented in the EMR and were included in the analysis. The average time between the UAE procedure and the most recent clinical note was 145 days. Sixteen patients reported symptoms of menorrhagia and 13 reported bulk symptoms prior to the UAE procedure. On follow-up, 13/16 patients (81%) and 12/13 patients (92%) experienced improvement in menorrhagia and bulk symptoms, respectively. The only recorded complication was amenorrhea in 4 patients (22%) who had an average age of 51 years.

Conclusions
Several characteristics of HydroPearl Microsphere may prove helpful when considering these embolic particles for use in UAE. Our initial experience with this embolic agent suggest that the reatment response for menorrhagia and bulk symptoms are largely similar to success rates reported in the literature for other embolic agents. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this embolic particle for this indication.