bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needle tract seeding in renal tumor biopsies: experience from a single institution
Authors: Zhou Yan , Murugan Paari , Li Faqian , Bu Lihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous needle biopsy of renal masses has been increasingly utilized to aid the diagnosis and guide management. It is generally considered as a safe procedure. However, tumor seeding along the needle tract, one of the complications, theoretically poses potential risk of tumor spread by seeded malignant cells. Prior studies on the frequency of needle tract seeding in renal tumor biopsies are limited and clinical significance of biopsy-associated tumor seeding remains largely controversial.

Methods
Here we investigated the frequencies of biopsy needle tract tumor seeding at our institution by reviewing the histology of renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy specimens with a prior biopsy within the last seventeen years. Biopsy site changes were recognized as a combination of foreign body reaction, hemosiderin deposition, fibrosis and fat necrosis. The histologic evidence of needle tract tumor seeding was identified as clusters of tumor cells embedded in perinephric tissue spatially associated with the biopsy site. In addition, association between parameters of biopsy techniques and tumor seeding were investigated.

Results
We observed needle tract tumor seeding to perinephric tissue in six out of ninety-eight (6 %) renal cell carcinoma cases including clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe, and clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma. The needle tract tumor seeding was exclusively observed in papillary renal cell carcinomas (6/28, 21 %) that were unifocal, small-sized (≤ 4 cm), confined to the kidney and had type 1 features. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in the papillary renal cell carcinoma cases with tumor seeding or the stage-matched cases without tumor seeding.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated a higher than reported frequency of needle tract tumor seeding. Effective communication between pathologists and clinicians as well as documentation of tumor seeding is recommended. Further studies with a larger patient cohort and longer follow up to evaluate the impact of needle tract tumor seeding on long term prognosis are needed. This may also help reach a consensus on appropriate pathologic staging of renal cell carcinoma when the only site of perinephric fat invasion is within a biopsy needle tract.
A new prediction model for patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty and the roles of different scoring systems: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jinyu , Yang Yi , Wan Shengcheng , Yao Zhenjun , Zhang Ying , Zhang Yueqi , Shi Peng , Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an efficacious treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, ~20% of patients are dissatisfied with the results. We determined which factors contribute to patient satisfaction and compared the various scoring systems before and after surgery.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 545 patients were enrolled and evaluated preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Patient demographics, as well as scores for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form (SF)-12, and 1989 Knee Society Clinical Rating System (1989 KSS), were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. The possible predictors were introduced into a prediction model. Scores for overall satisfaction and the 2011 Knee Society Score (2011 KSS) were also assessed after TKA to identify the accuracy and agreement of the systems.

Results
There were 134 male patients and 411 female patients, with an overall prevalence of satisfaction of 83.7% 1 year after surgery. A history of surgery (p < 0.001) and the 1989 KSS and SF-12 were of the utmost importance in the prediction model, whereas the WOMAC score had a vital role postoperatively (change in WOMAC pain score, p < 0.001; change in WOMAC physical function score, p < 0.001; postoperative WOMAC pain score, p = 0.004). C-index of model was 0.898 > 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.94). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a p value of 0.586, and the AUC of external cohort was 0.953 (sensitivity=0.87, specificity=0.97). The agreement between the assessment of overall satisfaction and the 2011 KSS satisfaction assessment was general (Kappa=0.437 > 0.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A history of surgery, the preoperative 1989 KSS, and the preoperative SF-12 influenced patient satisfaction after primary TKA. We recommend the WOMAC (particularly the pain subscale score) to reflect overall patient satisfaction postoperatively.
Case report: surgical resection of right ventricular cardiac fibroma in an adult patient
Authors: Ikegami Hirohisa , Lemaire Anthony , Gowda Subhashini , Fyfe Billie , Ali Mahmoud , Russo Mark J. , Lee Leonard Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiac fibromas are rare benign cardiac neoplasms, most frequently occurring in the pediatric population; with very rare cases identified in adults. The tumors are comprised of spindled cells with myofibroblastic ultrastructural features embedded in generally collagenous and elastic stroma. The tumors are intramural in the ventricles, most commonly the left ventricle. Clinical symptoms vary by location and size of tumor and some are asymptomatic. Surgical resection is curative, but rare cases require cardiac transplantation.

Case presentation
We report an asymptomatic, large, right ventricular fibroma in a 64-year-old woman. The patient underwent open incisional tumor biopsy via lower hemi-sternotomy, followed by complete tumor resection via full sternotomy a week later after confirming the tumor is benign. The tumor was resected using cardiopulmonary bypass, and the defect of right ventricular free wall was repaired using a prosthetic double-patch technique. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged to home on day 4 post-complete tumor resection.

Conclusion
This report expands the existing literature for better comprehension and detection of cardiac fibroma patients and also highlights the various imaging modalities, surgical management, and histological analysis.
Family care for persons with severe mental illness: experiences and perspectives of caregivers in Uganda
Authors: Verity F. , Turiho A. , Mutamba B. B. , Cappo D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In low-income settings with limited social protection supports, by necessity, families are a key resource for care and support. Paradoxically, the quality of family care for people living with Severe Mental Illness (PLSMI) has been linked to support for recovery, hospital overstay and preventable hospital readmissions. This study explored the care experiences of family members of PLSMI with patients at the national mental hospital in Kampala, Uganda, a low income country. This study was undertaken to inform the development of YouBelongHome (YBH), a community mental health intervention implemented by YouBelong Uganda (YBU), a registered NGO in Uganda.

Methods
Qualitative data was analysed from 10 focus groups with carers of ready to discharge patients on convalescent wards in Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital (BNRMH), Kampala. This is a subset of data from a mixed methods baseline study for YouBelong Uganda, undertaken in 2017 to explore hospital readmissions and community supports for PLSMI from the Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda.

Results
Three interrelated themes emerge in the qualitative analysis: a range of direct, practical care provided by the caregiver of the PLSMI, emotional family dynamics, and the social and cultural context of care. The family care giving role is multidimensional, challenging, and changing. It includes protection of the PLSMI from harm and abuse, in the context of stigma and discrimination, and challenging behaviours that may result from poor access to and use of evidence-based medicines. There is reliance on traditional healers and faith healers reflecting alternative belief systems and health seeking behaviour rather than medicalised care. Transport to attend health facilities impedes access to help outside the family care system. Underpinning these experiences is the impact of low economic resources.

Conclusions
Family support can be a key resource and an active agent in mental health recovery for PLSMI in Uganda. Implementing practical family-oriented mental health interventions necessitates a culturally aware practice. This should be based in understandings of dynamic family relationships, cultural understanding of severe mental illness that places it in a spiritual context, different family forms, caregiving practices and challenges as well as community attitudes. In the Ugandan context, limited (mental) health system infrastructure and access to medications and service access impediments, such as economic and transport barriers, accentuate these complexities.
Molecular investigation of bacterial and protozoal pathogens in ticks collected from different hosts in Turkey
Authors: Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Can Hüseyin , Güvendi Mervenur , Erkunt Alak Sedef , Kandemir Çağrı , Taşkın Turğay , Demir Samiye , Akgül Gülşah , Değirmenci Döşkaya Aysu , Karakavuk Muhammet , Döşkaya Mert , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Ün Cemal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The emergence of tick-borne disease is increasing because of the effects of the temperature rise driven by global warming. In Turkey, 19 pathogens transmitted by ticks to humans and animals have been reported. Based on this, this study aimed to investigate tick-borne pathogens including Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., and Bartonella spp. in tick samples (n = 110) collected from different hosts (dogs, cats, cattle, goats, sheep, and turtles) by molecular methods.

Methods
To meet this objective, ticks were identified morphologically at the genus level by microscopy; after DNA isolation, each tick sample was identified at the species level using the molecular method. Involved pathogens were then investigated by PCR method.

Results
Seven different tick species were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, R. bursa, Hyalomma marginatum, H. anatolicum, H. aegyptium, and Haemaphysalis erinacei. Among the analyzed ticks, Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp. were detected at rates of 6.36%, 16.3%, 1.81%, and 6.36%, respectively while Borrelia spp. and Bartonella spp. were not detected. Hepatozoon spp. was detected in R. sanguineus ticks while Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp. were detected in R. turanicus and H. marginatum. According to the results of sequence analyses applied for pathogen positive samples, Hepatozoon canis, Theileria ovis, Babesia caballi, and Anaplasma ovis were identified.

Conclusion
Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis were detected for the first time to our knowledge in H. marginatum and R. turanicus collected from Turkey, respectively. Also, B. caballi was detected for the first time to our knowledge in ticks in Turkey.

Graphical Abstract
Prospective and detailed behavioral phenotyping in DDX3X syndrome
Authors: Tang Lara , Levy Tess , Guillory Sylvia , Halpern Danielle , Zweifach Jessica , Giserman-Kiss Ivy , Foss-Feig Jennifer H. , Frank Yitzchak , Lozano Reymundo , Belani Puneet , Layton Christina , Lerman Bonnie , Frowner Emanuel , Breen Michael S. , De Rubeis Silvia , Kostic Ana , Kolevzon Alexander , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Siper Paige M. , Grice Dorothy E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
DDX3X syndrome is a recently identified genetic disorder that accounts for 1–3% of cases of unexplained developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (ID) in females, and is associated with motor and language delays, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, the published phenotypic characterization of this syndrome has primarily relied on medical record review; in addition, the behavioral dimensions of the syndrome have not been fully explored.

Methods
We carried out multi-day, prospective, detailed phenotyping of DDX3X syndrome in 14 females and 1 male, focusing on behavioral, psychological, and neurological measures. Three participants in this cohort were previously reported with limited phenotype information and were re-evaluated for this study. We compared results against population norms and contrasted phenotypes between individuals harboring either (1) protein-truncating variants or (2) missense variants or in-frame deletions.

Results
Eighty percent (80%) of individuals met criteria for ID, 60% for ASD and 53% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Motor and language delays were common as were sensory processing abnormalities. The cohort included 5 missense, 3 intronic/splice-site, 2 nonsense, 2 frameshift, 2 in-frame deletions, and one initiation codon variant. Genotype–phenotype correlations indicated that, on average, missense variants/in-frame deletions were associated with more severe language, motor, and adaptive deficits in comparison to protein-truncating variants.

Limitations
Sample size is modest, however, DDX3X syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed disorder.

Conclusion
This study, representing a first, prospective, detailed characterization of DDX3X syndrome, extends our understanding of the neurobehavioral phenotype. Gold-standard diagnostic approaches demonstrated high rates of ID, ASD, and ADHD. In addition, sensory deficits were observed to be a key part of the syndrome. Even with a modest sample, we observe evidence for genotype–phenotype correlations with missense variants/in-frame deletions generally associated with more severe phenotypes.
Variation in the vulnerability of mice expressing human superoxide dismutase 1 to prion-like seeding: a study of the influence of primary amino acid sequence
Authors: Ayers Jacob I. , Xu Guilian , Dillon Kristy , Lu Qing , Chen Zhijuan , Beckman John , Moreno-Romero Alma K. , Zamora Diana L. , Galaleldeen Ahmad , Borchelt David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMisfolded forms of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with mutations associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) exhibit prion characteristics, including the ability to act as seeds to accelerate motor neuron disease in mouse models. A key feature of infectious prion seeding is that the efficiency of transmission is governed by the primary sequence of prion protein (PrP). Isologous seeding, where the sequence of the PrP in the seed matches that of the host, is generally much more efficient than when there is a sequence mis-match. Here, we used paradigms in which mutant SOD1 seeding homogenates were injected intraspinally in newborn mice or into the sciatic nerve of adult mice, to assess the influence of SOD1 primary sequence on seeding efficiency. We observed a spectrum of seeding efficiencies depending upon both the SOD1 expressed by mice injected with seeds and the origin of the seed preparations. Mice expressing WT human SOD1 or the disease variant G37R were resistant to isologous seeding. Mice expressing G93A SOD1 were also largely resistant to isologous seeding, with limited success in one line of mice that express at low levels. By contrast, mice expressing human G85R-SOD1 were highly susceptible to isologous seeding but resistant to heterologous seeding by homogenates from paralyzed mice over-expressing mouse SOD1-G86R. In other seeding experiments with G85R SOD1:YFP mice, we observed that homogenates from paralyzed animals expressing the H46R or G37R variants of human SOD1 were less effective than seeds prepared from mice expressing the human G93A variant. These sequence mis-match effects were less pronounced when we used purified recombinant SOD1 that had been fibrilized in vitro as the seeding preparation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate diversity in the abilities of ALS variants of SOD1 to initiate or sustain prion-like propagation of misfolded conformations that produce motor neuron disease.
Technical features of a ninth-century silver vessel of southern China uncovered from Famen Monastery, Shaanxi province
Authors: Tan Panpan , Yang Junchang , Ren Xinlai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silver art is an important feature of the Tang dynasty in China and the manufacturing center for silver shifted from north to south after the mid-eighth century CE. The typology, stylistics, and iconography of silver vessels from both regions have been studied in detail. However, their technical characteristics have rarely been discussed, in particular, those of the southern ones. The current study presents a non-invasive scientific analysis on a partially-gilded silver box from Jiangnanxidao of Tang (southern China), uncovered from the pagoda crypt of the Famen Monastery, Shaanxi province. The results reveal that the box was made of refined silver from cupellation, and composed of five pieces, brazed together with hard solder. Ag–Cu alloy was identified to braze the ring foot and the box bottom. Brazing, hammering, engraving, repoussé, chasing, punching, and partial fire-gilding were employed to shape and decorate the box. More strikingly, the comparative analysis of technical details between this southern box and the previously reported northern silver vessels demonstrates that the former is more precise. Moreover, the similarities in motif expressions of southern-origin silver vessels after the mid-eighth century CE and northern-origin silver vessels before the mid-eighth century CE reflect the inheritance of decorative style. These differences and inheritance indicate that southern artisans after the mid-eighth century CE inherited the decorative technology of the northern-origin silver vessels before the mid-eighth century CE and developed them to greater perfection. The current study presents novel insights into the silver technology of southern China during the late Tang dynasty.
Double-thin-shell approach to deriving total electron content from GNSS signals and implications for ionospheric dynamics near the magnetic equator
Authors: Maruyama Takashi , Hozumi Kornyanat , Ma Guanyi , Supnithi Pornchai , Tongkasem Napat , Wan Qingtao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA new technique was developed to estimate the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite signals. The vertically distributed electron density was parameterized by two thin-shell layers (double-shell approach). The spatiotemporal variation of TEC (strictly speaking, partial electron content) associated with each shell was approximated by the functional fitting of spherical surface harmonics. The major improvements over the conventional single-shell approach were as follows: (1) the precise estimation of TEC was achieved; (2) the estimated TEC was less dependent on the choice of shell heights; and (3) the equatorial anomaly was captured more correctly. Furthermore, higher and lower shells exhibited a different pattern of local time vs latitude variation, providing information on the ionosphere–thermosphere dynamics.
The effect of targeting Tie2 on hemorrhagic shock-induced renal perfusion disturbances in rats
Authors: van Leeuwen Anoek L. I. , Dekker Nicole A. M. , Van Slyke Paul , de Groot Esther , Vervloet Marc G. , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , van Meurs Matijs , van den Brom Charissa E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemorrhagic shock is associated with acute kidney injury and increased mortality. Targeting the endothelial angiopoietin/Tie2 system, which regulates endothelial permeability, previously reduced hemorrhagic shock-induced vascular leakage. We hypothesized that as a consequence of vascular leakage, renal perfusion and function is impaired and that activating Tie2 restores renal perfusion and function.

Methods
Rats underwent 1 h of hemorrhagic shock and were treated with either vasculotide or PBS as control, followed by fluid resuscitation for 4 h. Microcirculatory perfusion was measured in the renal cortex and cremaster muscle using contrast echography and intravital microscopy, respectively. Changes in the angiopoietin/Tie2 system and renal injury markers were measured in plasma and on protein and mRNA level in renal tissue. Renal edema formation was determined by wet/dry weight ratios and renal structure by histological analysis.

Results
Hemorrhagic shock significantly decreased renal perfusion (240 ± 138 to 51 ± 40, p < 0.0001) and cremaster perfusion (12 ± 2 to 5 ± 2 perfused vessels, p < 0.0001) compared to baseline values. Fluid resuscitation partially restored both perfusion parameters, but both remained below baseline values (renal perfusion 120 ± 58, p = 0.08, cremaster perfusion 7 ± 2 perfused vessels, p < 0.0001 compared to baseline). Hemorrhagic shock increased circulating angiopoietin-1 (p < 0.0001), angiopoietin-2 (p < 0.0001) and soluble Tie2 (p = 0.05), of which angiopoietin-2 elevation was associated with renal edema formation (r = 0.81, p < 0.0001). Hemorrhagic shock induced renal injury, as assessed by increased levels of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL: p < 0.05), kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1; p < 0.01) and creatinine (p < 0.05). Vasculotide did not improve renal perfusion (p > 0.9 at all time points) or reduce renal injury (NGAL p = 0.26, KIM-1 p = 0.78, creatinine p > 0.9, renal edema p = 0.08), but temporarily improved cremaster perfusion at 3 h following start of fluid resuscitation compared to untreated rats (resuscitation + 3 h: 11 ± 3 vs 8 ± 3 perfused vessels, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Hemorrhagic shock-induced renal impairment cannot be restored by standard fluid resuscitation, nor by activation of Tie2. Future treatment strategies should focus on reducing angiopoietin-2 levels or on activating Tie2 via an alternative strategy.
The survival rate of transcrestal sinus floor elevation combined with short implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Lin Zhe-Zhen , Jiao Yan-Qing , Ye Zhang-Yan , Wang Ge-Ge , Ding Xi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, insufficient bone volume always occurs in the posterior maxilla which makes implantation difficult. Short implants combined with transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) may be an option to address insufficient bone volume.PurposeThe clinical performance of short implants combined with TSFE was compared with that of conventional implants combined with TSFE according to the survival rate.MethodIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we followed the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and manual searching. Eligibility criteria included clinical human studies. The quality assessment was performed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. The odds ratio (OR) with its confidence interval (CI) was considered the essential outcome for estimating the effect of short implants combined with TSFE.ResultsThe registration number is INPLASY202050092. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, including 1 cohort study and 10 cross-sectional studies. With respect to the 1-year survival rate, no significant effect was observed between short implants (length ≤ 8 mm) and conventional implants combined with TSFE (I2=0%, OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.55-1.96). Similarly, no difference was seen between the two groups regarding the survival rate during the healing period (I2=10%, OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.28-1.97) and 3-year loading (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 0.65-4.74).ConclusionThere was no evidence that the survival rate of short implants combined with TSFE was lower or higher than that of conventional implants combined with TSFE when the residual bone height was poor and the implant protrusion length of short implants was less than or similar to conventional implants. Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of random controlled trials in our meta-analysis.