bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN METODE 8D (EIGHT DISCIPLINES) UNTUK MEMINIMASI DEFECT TIRE DI DEPARTEMEN CURING PLANT R PT. GAJAH TUNGGAL Tbk.
Authors: Lestari Sri 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak. PT. Gajah Tunggal Tbk., salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang manufacturing penghasilan ban mobil di tanah air harus dapat terus meningkatkan kualitas produknya agar dapat diterima oleh pasar. Salah satu faktor utama dari pencapaian kualitas terbaik dari suatu ban yang dihasilkan PT. Gajah Tunggal adalah dengan meminimalkan produk cacat. Dalam memnuhi kepuasan pelanggan, manajemen PT. Gajah Tunggal Tbk. menuntut setiap lini produksi untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan, termasuk pada proses curing. Berdasarkan data defect tire bulan Juli s/d Desember 2018, defect under cure merupakan defect dengan quality paling banyak yaitu sebesar 126 Pcs. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian untuk menurunkan defect under cure menggunakan metode 8D (Eight Disciplines) di Departemen curing plant TBR. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui masalah yang tejadi pada mesin cuing yang dapat menyebabkan defect under cure, serta mengetahui akar masalahnya. Selain itu, tujuan dalam penelitian ini memberikan pebaikan yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk mereduksi defect under cure serta mengetahui tren defect under cure setelah dilakukan perbaikan. Pada penelitian ini, tahapan penelitian sesuai dengan metode 8D (Eight Disciplines). Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masalah yang terjadi pada mesin curing yang dapat menyebabkan defect under cure memiliki akar masalah dan tindakan perbaikan yang berbeda-beda. Setelah dilakukan tindakan perbaikan, dari bulan Mei s/d Juni defect under cure mengalami penurunan presentase yaitu 0,093%, penurunan presentase tersebut dipengaruhi berbagai macam tindakan yang telah dilakukan, salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh pengimplementasian pemasangan Ring pada Proximity yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Tire, Defect, Cure, Curing, 8D (Eight Disciplines)
Pengembangan Alat Praktikum Venturimeter sebagai Media Penunjang Perkuliahan Fisika Dasar Prodi Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf
Authors: Rismaningsih Febri , Nurhafsari Asri 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pengembangan alat praktikum venturimeter dan panduan praktikumnya sehingga dapat menjadi media pembelajaran yang layak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan, dimana hanya dibatasi sampai tahap pengembangan (develop) saja. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi penilaian kualitas produk oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Hasil penilaian ini dijadikan dasar untuk perbaikan produk sebelum diujicobakan. Data dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan mempertimbangkan 10 aspek untuk penilaian kualitas produk terhadap isi materinya dan 12 aspek kualitas produk terhadap medianya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, alat praktikum dan panduan praktikum venturimeter untuk materi fluida untuk perkuliahan Fisika Dasar mahasiswa Teknik Sipil UNIS telah berhasil dikembangkan dengan memenuhi kriteria sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alat praktikum. Kualitas alat praktikum dan panduan praktikum venturimeter untuk pembelajaran materi fluida yang telah dikembangkan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi adalah sangat baik, dengan rerata skor 3,6 sedangkan penilaian ahli media adalah baik, yaitu dengan rerata skor 3,27 sehingga layak digunakan sebagai alat dan panduan praktikum venturimeter.
Artikel Review : Metode Biodegradasi Untuk Berbagai Limbah Pewarna Sintesis Golongan Azo
Authors: Arlianti Lily 
Published: March 2021

Pewarna Azo untuk zat warna sintetis menjadi digunakan dalam industri tekstil, kulit, farmasi dan kosmetik, menimbulkan ancaman bagi semua bentuk kehidupan. Metode fisiko-kimia dari pengolahan limbah cair industri tidak menghilangkan pewarna secara efektif. Degradasi dan dekolorisasi menggunakan Mikroba terhadap pewarna Azo telah mendapat perhatian lebih baru-baru ini karena sifatnya ramah lingkungan dan murah. Mikroba bisa menghilangkan warna pewarna oleh metabolisme aerobik dan anaerobik. Berbagai mikroba sudah diteliti untuk biodegradasi ini seperti penggunaan bakteri-bakteri, berbagai jamur dan enzim-enzim seperti laccase, reduktase dan peroksidase. Hasil biodegradasi pada pewarna azo ini telah memberikan hasil yang sangat menjanjikan, selain untuk dekolorisasi namun juga untuk detoksifikasi limbah. Uji toksik juga sangat penting untuk memastikan limbah yang akan dibuang ke lingkungan sudah tidak berbahaya. Kita bertanggungjawab untuk kelayakan dan kelestarian lingkungan air di tengah kemajuan industri dan teknologi. Kualitas dan estetika lingkungan air yang baik serta kesehatan semua bentuk kehidupan di sekitarnya menjadi hal yang paling penting. Kata kunci: biodegradasi, pewarna sintesis, golongan azo
Hur bristfällig är samhällsvården egentligen?
Authors: Karlsson Patrik , Lundström Tommy , Wiklund Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Sedan länge har dygnsvården för barn ifrågasatts utifrån de bristfälliga resultat empirisk forskning har kunnat påvisa. Registerstudier visar genomgående att placerade barn har sämre utfall än barn från normalpopulationen, och dessa studier har spelat en viktig roll för att uppmärksamma de placerade barnens utsatta situation. Den här artikeln diskuterar utförligt frågan om de negativa utfallen hos de placerade går att hänföra till placeringen som sådan. Forskningen om dygnsvården bygger på observationsstudier och det är svårt att komma åt kausala effekter via en sådan design. Det gäller särskilt för samhällsvård där de placerade barnen utgör en starkt selekterad grupp. I frånvaron av randomiserade kontrollerade experiment kan vi i princip aldrig veta om de sämre utfallen bland de placerade barnen beror på placeringen som sådan eller på andra faktorer som vi saknar data om. Ett centralt argument är att inte ens de mest avancerade statistiska teknikerna kan lösa svårigheten med att komma åt effekterna av samhällsvården i observationsstudier. En del av svårigheterna går dock att hantera via design, där ett starkare metodologiskt upplägg är att inkludera jämförelsegrupper som är mer lika de placerade barnen. Ett fåtal metodologiskt starkare studier med ett sådant upplägg ger betydligt färre indikationer på att vården har en negativ inverkan.
Tvingad till autonomi
Authors: Zetterberg Liv 
Published: March 2021

Utifrån tidigare forskning om öppen psykiatrisk tvångsvård har två paradoxer i förhållande till lagstiftningen identifierats: Öppen psykiatrisk tvångsvård (ÖPT) innebär både mer och mindre autonomi för patienten. ÖPT innebär att autonoma individer tvångsvårdas till autonomi. Syftet med artikeln är att tydliggöra vilka normativa ställningstaganden som ligger till grund för tvångsvårdsformen genom att de två paradoxerna belyses utifrån fyra perspektiv på autonomi. Den första paradoxen förklaras genom att lagstiftaren förhåller sig till både en liberal och en medicinsk-etisk autonomidefinition. I ett liberalt perspektiv är öppen tvångsvård en inskränkning av individens rätt till frihet. I ett medicinsk-etiskt perspektiv kan öppen tvångsvård öka autonomi genom att den ökar eller skyddar patientens autonomi i framtiden. I ett medicinsk-etiskt perspektiv kan andra värden, som hälsa och livskvalitet, också motivera inskränkningar i patientens autonomi. Den andra paradoxen kan förklaras genom att lagstiftaren blandar proceduriella och substantiella rekvisit för autonomi. Patienten förutsätts vara autonom enligt proceduriella rekvisit eftersom patienten inte anses vara beslutsoförmögen. Samtidigt är utfallet av patientens val avgörande för om det respekteras. Om patienten vill avstå vård förutsätts det inte vara patientens autentiska önskan, vilket är ett uttryck för en substantiell syn på autonomi. Vården ska i stället återge patienten dess substantiella autonomi. Vid ÖPT förutsätts patienten i praktiken frivilligt medverka till vården. Det betyder att patienten uppfyller även autenticitetsrekvisiten. Men eftersom syftet med tvångsvården är att återupprätta just den autentiska viljan genom att patienten blir i stånd att frivilligt ta emot tvångsvård är autonomikraven för öppen tvångsvård uppfyllda samtidigt som autonomikraven för vårdens upphörande också är uppfyllda. Om ÖPT ska kunna motiveras utifrån ett medicinsk-etiskt perspektiv krävs att tvångsvården faktiskt ger mer autonomi senare eller andra vinster. I dagsläget finns inget vetenskapligt stöd för att tvångsvårdsformen fungerar. Mot denna bakgrund är det svårt att se vilket värde som tillförs som väger tyngre än patientens autonomi.
The Cholinergic Drug Galantamine Alleviates Oxidative Stress Alongside Anti-inflammatory and Cardio-Metabolic Effects in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Sangaleti Carine Teles , Katayama Keyla Yukari , De Angelis Kátia , Lemos de Moraes Tércio , Araújo Amanda Aparecida , Lopes Heno F. , Camacho Cleber , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Michelini Lisete Compagno , Irigoyen Maria Cláudia , Olofsson Peder S. , Barnaby Douglas P. , Tracey Kevin J. , Pavlov Valentin A. , Consolim Colombo Fernanda Marciano 
Published: March 2021

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-associated disorder of pandemic proportions and limited treatment options. Oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and altered neural autonomic regulation, are important components and drivers of pathogenesis. Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and a cholinergic drug that is clinically-approved (for Alzheimer's disease) has been implicated in neural cholinergic regulation of inflammation in several conditions characterized with immune and metabolic derangements. Here we examined the effects of galantamine on oxidative stress in parallel with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic parameters in subjects with MetS.Trial Design and Methods: The effects of galantamine treatment, 8 mg daily for 4 weeks or placebo, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo were studied in randomly assigned subjects with MetS (n = 22 per group) of both genders. Oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid and protein peroxidation, and nitrite levels were analyzed before and at the end of the treatment. In addition, plasma cytokine and adipokine levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other relevant cardio-metabolic indices were analyzed. Autonomic regulation was also examined by heart rate variability (HRV) before treatment, and at every 4 weeks of treatment.Results: Galantamine treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD [+1.65 USOD/mg protein, [95% CI 0.39–2.92], P = 0.004] and CAT [+0.93 nmol/mg, [95% CI 0.34–1.51], P = 0.01], decreased lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [log scale 0.72 pmol/mg, [95% CI 0.46–1.07], P = 0.05], and systemic nitrite levels [log scale 0.83 μmol/mg protein, [95% CI 0.57–1.20], P = 0.04] compared with placebo. In addition, galantamine significantly alleviated the inflammatory state and insulin resistance, and decreased the low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, following 8 and 12 weeks of drug treatment.Conclusion: Low-dose galantamine alleviates oxidative stress, alongside beneficial anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects, and modulates neural autonomic regulation in subjects with MetS. These findings are of considerable interest for further studies with the cholinergic drug galantamine to ameliorate MetS.
Serum Uric Acid Levels Predict Mortality Risk in Male Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Xu Liu-Qing , Hu Wei , Guo Qi-Fu , Xu Guo-Rong , Wang Ning , Zhang Qi-Jie 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To explore the associations between serum uric acid levels with survival in male and female ALS patients.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was carried out including 313 sporadic and 16 familial ALS patients with repeated serum uric acid measurements. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the survival-related factors.Results: There were 207 male and 122 female, and the mean age of onset was 55.7 ± 11.2 years old. The male patients had significantly higher baseline uric acid levels than that in female patients (342.4 ± 91.4 vs. 279.3 ± 71.4 μmol/L; p &lt; 0.0001). The uric acid levels were inversely associated with the decline rate of ALSFRS-R per month (ΔALSFRS-R). After multivariate Cox regression analysis, a survival advantage was found in male, but not female, with higher serum uric acid levels. In males, a shorter diagnostic delay (≤10 m), lower BMI at baseline (≤18.70 kg/m2), faster disease progression (ΔALSFRS-R &gt; 0.63), and lower baseline uric acid levels (≤292 μmol/L, HR: 1.936; 95% CI: 1.334–2.810) were associated with a shorter survival. During follow-up, the serum uric acid levels were not significantly altered over time.Conclusion: There is an inverse correlation between baseline serum uric acid levels and risk of death, prominently in male ALS patients.
Reduction of Pressure Pain Sensitivity as Novel Non-pharmacological Therapeutic Approach to Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Faber Jens , Eldrup Ebbe , Selmer Christian , Pichat Caroline , Hecquet Sofie Korsgaard , Watt Torquil , Kreiner Svend , Karpatschof Benny , Gyntelberg Finn , Ballegaard Søren , Gjedde Albert 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAutonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is known to affect glucose metabolism in the mammalian body. Tradition holds that glucose homeostasis is regulated by the peripheral nervous system, and contemporary therapeutic intervention reflects this convention.ObjectivesThe present study tested the role of cerebral regulation of ANSD as consequence of novel understanding of glucose metabolism and treatment target in type 2 diabetes (T2D), suggested by the claim that the pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) of the chest bone periosteum may be a measure of cerebral ANSD.DesignIn a randomized controlled trial of 144 patients with T2D, we tested the claim that 6 months of this treatment would reduce PPS and improve peripheral glucose metabolism.ResultsIn the active treatment group, mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) declined from 53.8 to 50.5 mmol/mol (intragroup p = 0.001), compared with the change from 53.8 to 53.4 mmol/mol in the control group, with the same level of diabetes treatment but not receiving the active treatment (between group p = 0.036). Mean PPS declined from 76.6 to 56.1 units (p &lt; 0.001) in the active treatment group and from 77.5 to 72.8 units (p = 0.02; between group p &lt; 0.001) in the control group. Changes of PPS and HbA1c were correlated (r = 0.37; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWe conclude that the proposed approach to treatment of T2D is a potential supplement to conventional therapy.Clinical Trial Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03576430).
Health Behavior, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mental Health Among Canadian Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Xiuyun , Veugelers Paul J. , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Studies that have reported the associations of diet quality, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with mental health among children and adolescents are predominantly cross-sectional in design. Very few studies have examined the longitudinal relationship of mental health with health behavior and HRQoL among children. This study aimed to investigate the associations of diet quality, PA, SB, and HRQoL among children with mental health disorders throughout childhood.Methods: We linked data from grade five students aged primarily 10 and 11 years who participated in the Raising Healthy Eating and Active Living (REAL) Kids Alberta survey in 2012 in the Canadian province of Alberta with their administrative health care data from birth to 2012. Mental health outcomes included internalizing disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or Tenth Revision, Canadian version (ICD-10-CA). The HRQoL was measured by the EQ-5D-Y, a five-dimensional descriptive system for children and youth. We applied negative binomial regressions to examine the associations between health behaviors, HRQoL, and mental health.Results: Of the 1,352 participating students, 12.31 and 8.32% had a diagnosis of internalizing disorders and ADHDs, respectively, during childhood from birth to the ages of 10–11 years. Students in the highest tertile for diet quality, relative to the lowest tertile, were 56% less likely to have diagnoses of internalizing disorders (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23–0.85). Students engaged in less PA (vs. more PA) were more likely to be diagnosed for internalizing disorders (IRR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.19–3.30). Poorer diet quality, low PA, excessive use of computers/video games, and watching TV were significantly associated with more diagnoses of ADHDs. Children who experienced some or a lot of problems in “feeling worried, sad, or unhappy” and “having pain or discomfort” were more likely to receive diagnoses of internalizing disorders and ADHDs, respectively.Conclusions: These observed associations suggest that health promotion programs targeting promoting diet quality, PA, and HRQoL and reducing SB among children may contribute to improving mental health.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Characteristics of Esophageal Spindle Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Analysis of 43 Patients in a Single Center
Authors: Li Peng , Li Yang , Zhang Chao , Ling Yi-Hong , Jin Jie-Tian , Yun Jing-Ping , Cai Mu-Yan , Luo Rong-Zhen 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveEsophageal spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (ESCSCC) is a distinct subtype of esophageal carcinoma with unique morphologic and clinicopathologic features. This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic manifestations and postoperative prognostic factors of ESCSCC.MethodsIn this study, 43 ESCSCC patients who underwent esophagectomy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2001 and December 2014 were identified. 200 patients with conventional squamous cell carcinoma during the same period were sampled as a control. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and available data were reviewed, and pertinent clinicopathologic features were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAmong the ESCSCC patients, the median age was 60.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.58:1. The five-year disease-free survival and cancer-specific survival rates were 51.6 and 55.5%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, drinking abuse, tumor size, macroscopic type, perineural invasion, pT, preoperative blood white blood cell count, preoperative blood neutrophil count, and preoperative blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were significantly correlated with the cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival of the ESCSCC patients. The multivariate analysis showed that macroscopic type, perineural invasion, and preoperative blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were independent prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival; macroscopic type, perineural invasion, tumor size, and pT were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Moreover, the combined prognostic model for cancer-specific survival (including macroscopic type, perineural invasion, and preoperative blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), the combined prognostic model for disease-free survival (including macroscopic type, perineural invasion, and tumor size) significantly stratified patients according to risk (low, intermediate, and high) to predict cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, respectively. In terms of esophageal conventional squamous cell carcinoma cohort, there was no significant difference in long-term outcome when compared with ESCSCC. Though five independent prognostic variables (macroscopic type, perineural invasion, preoperative blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, tumor size, and pT) were indentified in ESCSCC, univariate analysis demonstrated that perineural invasion, preoperative blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were correlated with esophageal conventional squamous cell carcinoma on cancer-specific survival; whereas only perineural invasion on disease-free survival.ConclusionsThe proposed two new prognostic models might aid in risk stratification and personalized management for patients with esophageal spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma who received radical surgery.
Predicting the Level of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With Breast Cancer: Usefulness of Mammographic Radiomics Features
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Meng Xianqi , Chen Huang , Liu Jian , Gao Wenwen , Du Lei , Chen Yue , Wang Yige , Liu Xiuxiu , Liu Bing , Fan Jingfan , Ma Guolin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether radiomics classifiers from mammography can help predict tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels in breast cancer.MethodsData from 121 consecutive patients with pathologically-proven breast cancer who underwent preoperative mammography from February 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into a training dataset (n = 85) and a validation dataset (n = 36). A total of 612 quantitative radiomics features were extracted from mammograms using the Pyradiomics software. Radiomics feature selection and radiomics classifier were generated through recursive feature elimination and logistic regression analysis model. The relationship between radiomics features and TIL levels in breast cancer patients was explored. The predictive capacity of the radiomics classifiers for the TIL levels was investigated through receiver operating characteristic curves in the training and validation groups. A radiomics score (Rad score) was generated using a logistic regression analysis method to compute the training and validation datasets, and combining the Mann–Whitney U test to evaluate the level of TILs in the low and high groups.ResultsAmong the 121 patients, 32 (26.44%) exhibited high TIL levels, and 89 (73.56%) showed low TIL levels. The ER negativity (p = 0.01) and the Ki-67 negative threshold level (p = 0.03) in the low TIL group was higher than that in the high TIL group. Through the radiomics feature selection, six top-class features [Wavelet GLDM low gray-level emphasis (mediolateral oblique, MLO), GLRLM short-run low gray-level emphasis (craniocaudal, CC), LBP2D GLRLM short-run high gray-level emphasis (CC), LBP2D GLDM dependence entropy (MLO), wavelet interquartile range (MLO), and LBP2D median (MLO)] were selected to constitute the radiomics classifiers. The radiomics classifier had an excellent predictive performance for TIL levels both in the training and validation sets [area under the curve (AUC): 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.738–0.917, with positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.913; AUC: 0.79, 95% CI, 0.615–0.964, with PPV of 0.889, respectively]. Moreover, the Rad score in the training dataset was higher than that in the validation dataset (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionRadiomics from digital mammograms not only predicts the TIL levels in breast cancer patients, but can also serve as non-invasive biomarkers in precision medicine, allowing for the development of treatment plans.