bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Endodontic Complexity Assessment Tool (E‐CAT): A digital form for assessing root canal treatment case difficulty
Authors: Essam O. , Boyle E. L. , Whitworth J. M. , Jarad F. D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo develop an evidence‐based, valid and reliable assessment tool that educational establishments and dental practitioners may use to assess the complexity of root canal treatment (RCT) utilizing digital advancements. The study also aimed to provide a more objective definition of the term ‘uncomplicated’ root canal treatment as described by the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) and the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) undergraduate curriculum guidelines for Endodontology.MethodologyThe development process involved a narrative review of the literature to identify the complexity factors associated with root canal treatment on permanent teeth; an iterative development and analysis process to assess the weighting of these factors; and the programming of digital software to enhance the efficiency and user interface of the assessment form. Validation of the tool was sought with a panel of 35 specialist endodontists to assess clinical scenarios and assess the consensus inter‐examiner agreement with the outcomes provided by the E‐CAT. The inter‐user and intra‐user reliability studies were conducted with 15 dentists to evaluate the same clinical cases and by repeating the experiment 9 months later. The ease of use of the form was also assessed.ResultsThe E‐CAT was successfully developed with a total of 19 complexity criteria and hosted on a secure server under the domain of www.e‐cat.uk. The tool provides a smart interactive filtering mechanism and automatic background calculation of the risk scores. Three levels of complexity were defined: class I (uncomplicated), class II (moderately complicated) and class III (highly complicated). The consensus of the panel of endodontists had excellent agreement with the outcome of the E‐CAT. The inter‐user and intra‐user reliability was found to be 0.80 and 0.90, respectively. The average time to assess a case was 1:36 min.ConclusionThe E‐CAT gave promising results providing an efficient and reliable platform to assess the complexity of cases undergoing root canal treatments. The study design allowed the formulation of a more objective definition to describe ‘uncomplicated’ root canal treatment as referred to by the ESE and ADEE guidelines. This study is advantageous for educational, public health and referral pathways.
BE CAUTIOUS IN THE LAST MONTH: THE SUNK COST FALLACY HELD BY CAR INSURANCE POLICYHOLDERS
Authors: Ma Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvestigating a unique large data set, we find that automobile insurance policyholders are more likely to encounter accidents during the last month of the insurance policy term than during any other month. Our interpretation is that this effect is driven by the sunk cost fallacy held by policyholders, which exacerbates their moral hazard. The explanation is that in the last month, policyholders may become concerned that they may “waste” the premiums paid upfront if they have not encountered an accident before the policy expires; thus, they will reduce their accident‐prevention efforts, although the premiums are sunk costs and cannot be reversed.
The lncRNA SLCO4A1‐AS1/miR‐876‐3p/RBBP6 axis regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute lymphocytic leukemia via the JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Mao Jianping , Gao Wenliang , Xue Lianguo , Wang Juan , Zhao Lidong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy caused by the clonal proliferation of immature lymphocytes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as critical regulators in several cancers, including ALL. LncRNA SLCO4A1 antisense RNA 1 (SLCO4A1‐AS1) has been revealed to be implicated in tumorigenesis of several cancers. Our study focused on the role of SLCO4A1‐AS1 in ALL.MethodsRT‐qPCR, Western blot analysis, CCK‐8, EdU, and Flow cytometry analysis were used to explore the biological function of SLCO4A1‐AS1 in ALL cellular processes. Luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to explore the mechanism of SLCO4A1‐AS1 in ALL cells.ResultsSLCO4A1‐AS1 was upregulated in ALL tissues and cell lines. We found that suppression of SLCO4A1‐AS1 suppressed ALL cell proliferation and facilitated cell apoptosis. Our result confirmed that SLCO4A1‐AS1 acted as a ceRNA by sponging microRNA 876‐3p (miR‐876‐3p) to upregulate retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) expression in ALL cells. Moreover, SLCO4A1‐AS1 activated the JNK signaling pathway by upregulating RBBP6. Rescue assays revealed that the activation of the JNK signaling or overexpression of RBBP6 revered the suppressive effect of SLCO4A1‐AS1 knockdown on growth of ALL cells.ConclusionSLCO4A1‐AS1 promoted cell growth of ALL by the miR‐876‐3p/RBBP6 axis to activate the JNK signaling pathway.
Cell death as part of innate immunity: Cause or consequence?
Authors: Riera Romo Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRegulated or programmed cell death plays a critical role in the development and tissue organization and function. In addition, it is intrinsically connected with immunity and host defence. An increasing cellular and molecular findings cause a change in the concept of cell death, revealing an expanding network of regulated cell death modalities and their biochemical programmes. Likewise, recent evidences demonstrate the interconnection between cell death pathways and how they are involved in different immune mechanisms. This work provides an overview of the main cell death programmes and their implication in innate immunity not only as an immunogenic/inflammatory process, but also as an active defence strategy during immune response and at the same time as a regulatory mechanism.
Self‐guided field trips take invertebrate zoology students away from their screens and into the environment for hands‐on learning
Authors: Middlebrooks Michael L. , Salewski Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a great importance for undergraduate biology students to study organisms in their natural context. Safety concerns surrounding the global COVID‐19 pandemic prevented Marine Invertebrate Zoology students at the University of Tampa from participating in traditional faculty‐led field trips during the Fall of 2020. Instead, students were assigned to conduct a diversity‐focused field trip on their own and report their findings. Here we describe considerations and methods for creating a safe and valuable self‐guided field trip assignment for upper‐level invertebrate zoology students. These methods are adaptable for a variety of different habitat types and can be conducted with little to no special equipment or training. Students were successful in completing this assignment and found it highly enriching.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of sequential fecal microbiota transplantation for fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Gupta Sanchit , Zhu Jinyi , McCarty Thomas R , Pruce Jordan , Kassam Zain , Kelly Colleen , Fischer Monika , Allegretti Jessica R 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimFulminant Clostridioides difficile infections (FCDI) account for 8% of cases and substantial healthcare burden. Fecal microbiota transplantation is recommended for recurrent CDI, but emerging data support use for FCDI. We aimed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of a sequential fecal microbiota transplantation (sFMT) protocol for FCDI compared with current standard therapy.MethodsA Markov model simulated patients with FCDI in a 1‐year time horizon. The treatment algorithm for up to three sFMTs, clinical probabilities, and direct costs were used from published sources. Outcomes were quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs. The healthcare sector perspective was used with a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY.ResultsSequential fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for FCDI was associated with lower overall cost ($28 309 vs $33 980) and higher QALY (0.765 vs 0.686) compared with standard therapy. sFMT is cost‐effective in 100% of iterations. sFMT remained cost‐effective at cure rates > 44.8% for the first FMT and at stool preparation cost < $6944 per instillation. We find a wide range of efficacies for the first versus second FMT at which sFMT is still preferred. Value of information analysis estimates the expected value of perfect information to be low at $1.89 per person, quantified with net monetary benefit.ConclusionsAn sFMT strategy strongly dominates standard therapy, with lower cost and higher QALY. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates benefit even if FMT cure rates are lower than expected and when multiple FMTs are required. FMT material in 2020 was priced at $1695 per treatment but remains cost‐effective at a much higher cost.
The dynamics of being homebound over time: A prospective study of Medicare beneficiaries, 2012–2018
Authors: Ankuda Claire K. , Husain Mohammed , Bollens‐Lund Evan , Leff Bruce , Ritchie Christine S. , Liu Shelley H. , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesApproximately 2 million people, or 6% of older adults in the United States, are homebound. In cross‐sectional studies, homebound older adults have high levels of morbidity and mortality, but there is little evidence of longitudinal outcomes after becoming homebound. The aim of this research is to prospectively assess over 6 years the dynamics of homebound status, ongoing community residence, and death in a population of community‐dwelling older adults who are newly homebound.Design/settingProspective cohort study using 2011–2018 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an annual, nationally‐representative longitudinal study of aging in the United States.ParticipantsTwo hundred and sixty seven newly homebound older adults in 2012.MeasurementsHomebound status was defined via self‐report as living in the community but rarely/never leaving home in the prior month. Semi‐homebound was defined as leaving the house only with difficulty or help.ResultsOne year after becoming newly homebound, 33.1% remained homebound, 22.8% were completely independent, 23.8% were semi‐homebound, 2.2% were in a nursing home, and 18.0% died. Homebound status is highly dynamic; 6 years after becoming homebound, 13.5% remained homebound and 65.0% had died. Recovering from being homebound at 1 year was associated with younger age and lower baseline rates of receiving help with activities of daily living, in particular, with bathing.ConclusionHomebound status is a dynamic state. Even if transient, becoming homebound is strongly associated with functional decline and death. Identifying newly homebound older adults and developing interventions to mitigate associated negative consequences needs to be prioritized.
Is systemic isotretinoin use a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)?
Authors: Gundogdu Mustafa , Dere Gokturk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether acne treatment agent systemic isotretinoin causes susceptibility to COVID‐19 disease.Material and methodPatients admitted to a single center due to acne between March 2020 and December 2020 were included. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of acne patients receiving systemic isotretinoin or topical treatments. The patients with PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were recorded.Results302 patients who used isotretinoin and 329 patients who used topical treatment were included in the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of age (p = 0.151). It was found that of the 302 patients who used isotretinoin, 33 had PCR test for SARS‐CoV‐2 and two of these had PCR positivity, while of the 329 patients who received topical treatment, 45 had PCR test and five of these had PCR positivity. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of having SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity with PCR (p = 0.692).ConclusionSusceptibility to COVID‐19 disease was not observed in patients using systemic isotretinoin.
Facial skin esthetic treatments with plasma radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Baroni Adone 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe field of esthetic dermatology continues to evolve rapidly, and esthetic procedures for facial skin play a key role in it. During recent years, patients have been demanding more non‐invasive and safe technology characterized by satisfactory results and minimal downtime as compared to traditional surgical procedures. In the panorama of facial skin treatments, many options have different indications and limitations.AimsThe aim of this study was to report the effectiveness of plasma radiofrequency (PRF) ablation in facial skin esthetic treatments, performed with D.A.S. Medical device (Technolux, Italia).MethodsOnce the dermatologist has diagnosed the unsightly facial skin disorder and ascertained that PRF ablation could be an appropriate approach, contraindications to treatment must be excluded. After the patient has signed the informed consent for treatment, it will be possible to proceed with the PRF ablation sessions. According to the esthetic disorder and the area of the face to be treated, PRF ablation is performed at energy and frequency values chosen depending on the case.ResultsTreatments are generally well tolerated by patients, and excellent esthetic results and no side effects are observed.ConclusionsEven today, plasma radiofrequency ablation is perhaps one of the most versatile minimal invasive techniques, regarding both for variety of indications as well as effectiveness and fast downtime. Its applications are many, ranging from the removal of unsightly skin lesions, to the correction of scars, treatment of blepharochalasis, periocular, and perioral wrinkles, active acne, that distort the homogeneity and the youthful appearance of the face. PRF ablation has shown to be an effective option demonstrating its value in this field.
Integrating Diversity into Distance Research for Added Rigor, Parsimony, and Relevance
Authors: Kostova Tatiana , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe management of cross‐national differences is of central concern in international business (IB) and international management (IM). Thus, it is not surprising that the concept of distance which captures such differences has received much attention in this field. Lumineau, Hanisch, and Wurtz, in their Point article, seek to strengthen distance research by challenging one of its key assumptions – country level homogeneity – and advancing an alternative view of country differences based on the notion of diversity. We concur with their critique of the homogeneity assumption and with the general idea of bringing in the concept of diversity. However, our approach to this goal is substantially different. Instead ofreplacingdistance with a diversity‐based conceptualization, as they seem to propose, our emphasis is onintegratingdiversity into current distance research. Moving beyond critique and high‐level conceptualizing, we provide a usable roadmap forincorporatingdiversity into distance research both theoretically and empirically. Specifically, we introduce a new construct of intra‐country diversity that captures the condition of within‐country differences, and then, explain how it can be used to enrich distance models, illustrating our approach with several key IB/IM topics. Empirically, we use available cross‐cultural data to illustrate how to account for different degrees and patterns of intra‐country diversity in distance research. Overall, our approach aims at building on, not negating, existing distance research, increasing its rigor and relevance through the concept of diversity, and helping scholars incorporate diversity into their work by providing concrete guidelines and examples.
Clinical management and knowledge of neonatal hypoglycaemia in Germany: A national survey of midwives and nurses
Authors: Roeper Marcia , Salimi Dafsari Roschan , Hoermann Henrike , Hoehn Thomas , Kummer Sebastian , Meissner Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AimDespite being a common metabolic condition, the detection and care of neonatal hypoglycaemia in Germany largely depends on the infant's health‐care provider, rather than a national protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate midwives' and nurses' knowledge and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia and to determine the need for national guidelines.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was developed and completed by 127 perinatal nurses and midwives. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney‐U, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to summarise and analyse the results.ResultsIn total, 82% of respondents indicated using guidelines but routine blood glucose screening for neonates at risk for hypoglycaemia was rarely reported (44%). A blood glucose concentration of 2.5 mmol/L (45 mg/dL) was considered the treatment threshold by 52% of the respondents. However, the responses to clinical scenarios showed distinct differences regarding the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Finally, 49% of respondents reported insufficient knowledge regarding neonatal hypoglycaemia and 77% indicated that they would advocate the implication of enhanced national guidelines.ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in knowledge about the prevention, screening and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia among nurses and midwives in Germany. Enhanced guidelines and education of health‐care professionals are urgently needed to provide the best possible care to all hypoglycaemic newborns.
Moral distress: A theorized model of influences to facilitate mitigation and resilience
Authors: Guzys Diana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMoral distress results from the threat to professional moral integrity and identity. This phenomenon is well documented in nursing literature. Persistent and unresolved moral distress is frequently linked to high nursing staff turnover and shortages. Engagement in a structured hermeneutic critical reflective process facilitated identification of micro, meso, and macro factors influencing the experience of moral distress. Following this process, a theorized model was developed to illustrate interactions between influences contributing to the experience of moral distress in nurses. The model highlights where opportunities lay to take action to avoid or minimize the negative consequences of this phenomenon. Professional resilience is achieved via the conscientious development of professional identity and practice of critical reflection, as components of enculturation of nurses into the profession. Undergraduate and further nurse education activities must focus on developing the necessary attitude, confidence, and skills to address issues in practice which contribute to the experience moral distress to build resilience.
The role of IFT140 in early bone healing of tooth extraction sockets
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Li Gongchen , Zhou Tingting , Zhang Shuai , Xue Hui , Geng Jiangyu , Liu Wenjing , Sun Yao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrimary cilium is a key organelle of regulating bone development and maintenance. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ciliary intraflagellar transporter protein 140 (IFT140) plays a positive role in extraction socket healing by promoting bone formation.Materials and MethodsA left maxillary first molar extraction model was established using 6‐week‐old Ift140flox/flox (Ctrl group) and Ift140flox/flox, Osx‐cre (cKO group) mice. The maxillary bone samples from 1, 2, and 3 weeks were postoperatively evaluated by micro‐CT, molecular biology, and histomorphometry analysis. Alveolar bone marrow stromal cells (aBMSCs) from 4‐week‐old mice were cultured in vitro and tested for proliferation and osteogenic ability.ResultsCiliated cells were predominantly observed in the early socket healing stage with highly expressed ciliary protein IFT140. Compared with the Ctrl group, the healing of extraction sockets in the cKO group was significantly delayed. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of aBMSCs were reduced in the cKO group.ConclusionIFT140 has a facilitating role in the early osteogenesis of extraction socket healing and is involved in regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of aBMSCs.
Lateral Fracture–Dislocation of the Calcaneus: Case Reports and a Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ye Zhao‐ming , Lin Ping , Miao Xu‐dong 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo report a case series of calcaneal fracture–dislocations, which have not been described previously in China, and to provide a systematic review to explore the clinic manifestations, methods for diagnoses, and treatments.MethodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, 4 patients (4 men; average age, 33.0 ± 16.67 years; range, 15–50 years) were diagnosed with fracture–dislocation of the calcaneus and treated by surgery. We also reviewed published cases and studies of calcaneal fracture–dislocations through the databases of PubMed and Web of Science between January 1977 and December 2019.ResultsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, 4 cases were identified as calcaneal fracture–dislocations in our hospital. The main clinical manifestations include hindfoot pain, swelling, and deformity. The diagnoses were confirmed via radiographic examination. Two patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and two were treated with a minimally invasive approach. Diagnosis had been missed in one patient and, consequently, presented with early signs of post‐traumatic arthritis, which may require extra subtalar arthrodesis in the future. Two patients were diagnosed inaccurately but achieved satisfactory outcomes through open reduction and internal fixation. The average follow‐up period was 9.75 ± 5.19 months. Except for the 1 misdiagnosed patient, the other 3 patients showed functional improvement. Only 23 fracture–dislocations of calcaneus cases were reported in the literature between January 1977 and December 2019. There were 15 Sanders type II fractures (65.22%) and 7 (30.43%) Sanders type III fractures, and there was 1 grade II open calcaneal fracture. Among them, 1 was a medial dislocation and 2 were “joint‐elevation” dislocations; the rest of them (20/23, 86.96%) were lateral dislocations. A total of 11 patients (47.83%) exhibited the double‐density sign, and varus tilt of the talus was revealed on plain radiographs for 9 patients (39.13%). Increased Bohler's angle was evident in lateral X‐ray films for 2 patients (2/23, 8.70%). A total of 21 cases (86.96%) were treated with surgical intervention and achieved satisfactory outcomes. Only 1 patient was treated with external fixation. Another 2 patients were treated conservatively and had poor clinic outcomes.ConclusionCalcaneal fracture–dislocation is a rare injury that is challenging to treat. Clinical manifestations such as fibular tendon dislocation, the double‐density sign on profile radiography, and abnormal talar tilt in the distal talofibular joint are important signs that may indicate this rare injury pattern. Timely surgical intervention is essential for satisfactory clinic outcomes. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of this uncommon injury to avoid misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment.