bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realities and hopes in the application of microbial tools in agriculture
Authors: Batista Bruna D. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe use of microbial tools to sustainably increase agricultural production has received significant attention from researchers, industries and policymakers. Over the past decade, the market access and development of microbial products have been accelerated by (i) the recent advances in plant‐associated microbiome science, (ii) the pressure from consumers and policymakers for increasing crop productivity and reducing the use of agrochemicals, (iii) the rising threats of biotic and abiotic stresses, (iv) the loss of efficacy of some agrochemicals and plant breeding programs and (v) the calls for agriculture to contribute towards mitigating climate change. Although the sector is still in its infancy, the path towards effective microbial products is taking shape and the global market of these products has increased faster than that of agrochemicals. Promising results from using microbes either as biofertilizers or biopesticides have been continually reported, fuelling optimism and high expectations for the sector. However, some limitations, often related to low efficacy and inconsistent performance in field conditions, urgently need to be addressed to promote a wider use of microbial tools. We propose that advances in in situ microbiome manipulation approaches, such as the use of products containing synthetic microbial communities and novel prebiotics, have great potential to overcome some of these current constraints. Much more progress is expected in the development of microbial inoculants as areas such as synthetic biology and nano‐biotechnology advance. If key technical, translational and regulatory issues are addressed, microbial tools will not only play an important role in sustainably boosting agricultural production over the next few decades but also contribute towards other sustainable development goals, including job creation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change.
Cell nonautonomous roles of NHR‐49 in promoting longevity and innate immunity
Authors: Naim Nikki , Amrit Francis R. G. , Ratnappan Ramesh , DelBuono Nicholas , Loose Julia A. , Ghazi Arjumand 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAging and immunity are inextricably linked and many genes that extend life span also enhance immunoresistance. However, it remains unclear whether longevity‐enhancing factors modulate immunity and longevity by discrete or shared mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the Caenorhabditis elegans pro‐longevity factor, NHR‐49, also promotes resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but modulates immunity and longevity distinctly. NHR‐49 expression increases upon germline ablation, an intervention that extends life span, but was lowered by Pseudomonas infection. The immunosusceptibility induced by nhr‐49 loss of function was rescued by neuronal NHR‐49 alone, whereas the longevity diminution was rescued by expression in multiple somatic tissues. The well‐established NHR‐49 target genes, acs‐2 and fmo‐2, were also differentially regulated following germline elimination or Pseudomonas exposure. Interestingly, neither gene conferred immunity toward Gram‐negative Pseudomonas, unlike their known functions against gram‐positive pathogens. Instead, genes encoding antimicrobial factors and xenobiotic‐response proteins upregulated by NHR‐49 contributed to resistance against Pseudomonas. Thus, NHR‐49 is differentially regulated by interventions that bring about long‐term changes (life span extension) versus short‐term stress (pathogen exposure) and in response it orchestrates discrete outputs, including pathogen‐specific transcriptional programs.
Hypersensitivity reactions to biologicals: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Bavbek Sevim , Pagani Mauro , Alvarez‐Cuesta Emilio , Castells Mariana , Dursun Adile Berna , Hamadi Sahar , Madrigal‐Burgaleta Ricardo , Sanchez‐Sanchez Soledad , Vultaggio Alessandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiologicals are crucial targeted therapeutic agents in oncological, immunological, and inflammatory diseases, and their use in clinical practice is broadening. In recent years, the spread of Personalized Precision Medicine has facilitated a proliferation of new treatment options, especially biologicals. Consequently, biologicals are now among the drugs that most frequently cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Patients can develop HSRs to these agents during the first‐lifetime exposure or after repeated exposure, and these HSRs can be potentially life‐threatening or limit therapeutic options. Despite the relatively high prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of these HSRs remain obscure, and the optimal management pathways are still a matter of discussion. In this Position Paper, the authors will provide evidence‐based recommendations for diagnosing and managing HSRs to biologicals. Additionally, the document defines unmet needs as an opportunity to shape future research.
Association of central obesity with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving antiviral therapy
Authors: Fan Rong , Niu Junqi , Ma Hong , Xie Qing , Cheng Jun , Rao Huiying , Dou Xiaoguang , Xie Jianping , Zhao Wei , Peng Jie , Gao Zhiliang , Gao Hongbo , Chen Xinyue , Chen Jinjun , Li Qiang , Tang Hong , Zhang Zhengang , Ren Hong , Cheng Mingliang , Liang Xieer , Zhu Chaonan , Wei Lai , Jia Jidong , Sun Jian , Hou Jinlin ,   Chronic Hepatitis B Study Consortium
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundObesity is typically associated with metabolic dysfunction, but its impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).AimTo study the effect of obesity on HCC development in patients with CHB receiving antiviral therapy.MethodsWe included patients from a Chinese multicentre, prospective, observational, treated CHB cohort in this study. General obesity was evaluated by body‐mass index (BMI). Central obesity was evaluated by waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio and waist‐to‐height ratio.ResultsA total of 5754 nucleos(t)ide analogue treated patients were enrolled in the analysis. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.9%. Waist‐to‐height ratio performed better in predicting HCC development than BMI, waist circumference or waist‐to‐hip ratio. Patients with central obesity (defined as waist‐to‐height ratio >0.5) had significantly higher 5‐year incidence of HCC than those without central obesity in the overall population (3.9% vs 2.1%, hazard ratio [HR]: 2.06, P = 0.0001) and 745 propensity score matched pairs (4.7% vs 2.3%, HR: 2.04, P = 0.026), respectively. Besides cirrhosis status and aMAP HCC risk score, central obesity was also independently associated with HCC risk (HR: 1.63, P = 0.013). Waist‐to‐height ratio gain within 1 year was associated with a significantly higher HCC risk with an adjusted HR value of 1.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.12‐3.13, P = 0.017).ConclusionsCentral obesity, evaluated by the waist‐to‐height ratio, was associated with a twofold increase in HCC risk among CHB patients receiving antiviral treatment, highlighting the important role of abnormal metabolic function in the progression of liver disease.
Systematic review: efficacy of escalated maintenance anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy in Crohn's disease
Authors: Mattoo Vandita Y. , Basnayake Chamara , Connell William R. , Ding Nik , Kamm Michael A. , Lust Mark , Niewiadomski Ola , Thompson Alexander , Wright Emily K. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundLoss of response to anti‐TNF agents is a common clinical problem. Dose escalation may be effective for reestablishing clinical response in Crohn's disease (CD).AimsTo perform a systematic review assessing the efficacy of escalated maintenance anti‐TNF therapy in CD.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched for English language publications through to April 25, 2021. Full‐text articles evaluating escalated maintenance treatment (infliximab or adalimumab) in adult CD patients were included.ResultsA total of 4733 records were identified, and 68 articles met eligibility criteria. Rates of clinical response (33%‐100%) and remission (15%‐83%) after empiric dose escalation for loss of response to standard anti‐TNF therapy were high but varied across studies. Dose intensification strategies (doubling the dose versus shortening the therapeutic interval) were similarly efficacious. Dose‐escalated patients tended to have higher serum drug levels compared to those on standard dosing. An exposure‐response relationship following dose escalation was found in a number of observational studies. Randomised controlled trials comparing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to empiric treatment intensification have failed to reach their primary end‐points. Strategies including Bayesian dashboard‐dosing and early treatment escalation targeting biomarker normalisation were found to be associated with improved long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsEmpiric escalation of maintenance anti‐TNF therapy can recapture clinical response in a majority of patients with secondary loss of response to standard maintenance doses. Proactive optimisation of maintenance dosing might prolong time to loss of response in some patients.
Pharmacokinetics and brain σ1 receptor occupancy of MR309, a selective σ1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Rabiner Eugenii A. , Smith Kevin , Bennett Carla , Rizzo Gaia , Lewis Yvonne , Mundin Gill , Dooner Helen , Oksche Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AimsPreclinical studies of MR309, a selective sigma‐1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist, support a potential role in treating neuropathic pain. We report 2 studies that provide insight into the pharmacokinetics (PK) and brain σ1R binding of MR309.MethodsSteady‐state PK of MR309 (400 mg once daily and 200 mg twice‐daily [BID] for 10 days; EudraCT 2015–001818‐99 [PK study]) and the relationship between MR309 plasma exposure and brain σ1R occupancy (EudraCT 2017–000670‐11 [positron emission tomography study]) were investigated in healthy volunteers. Positron emission tomography using the σ1R ligand [11C]SA4503 was conducted at baseline, and 2 and 8 hours after a single dose of MR309 (200–800 mg). The relationship between brain σ1R occupancy and MR309 exposure was explored using data‐driven model fitting.ResultsMR309 was well tolerated, brain σ1R occupancy ranged between 30.5 and 74.9% following single‐dose MR309 (n = 7). MR309 BID provided a plasma PK profile with less fluctuation than once daily dosing (n = 16). MR309 200 mg BID yielded average steady state plasma concentrations between 2000 and 4000 ng/mL in the PK study, which corresponded to an estimated brain σ1R occupancy of 59–74%.ConclusionMR309 200 mg BID dose was below the 75% σ1R occupancy threshold expected to elicit maximal antinociceptive effect as observed in neuropathic pain models. Further investigations of MR309 for neuropathic pain will require higher brain σ1R occupancy, and establish the optimal dose by elucidating the clinical impact of a broad range of brain σ1R occupancy across different neuropathic pain indications.
Trade without “scale effects”
Authors: Bento Pedro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcross countries, average incomes are related to population density, but not population per se. At the same time, the number of firms in both manufacturing and services are essentially proportional to population but unrelated to density (controlling for population). Why are these distinctions important? Moving from autarky to free trade is much more like increasing population while keeping density fixed. In this paper, I extend a simple variety model by considering an economy made up of a large number of geographical markets of fixed area. Firms must incur a cost to access each market, and this cost is convex in the number of markets entered. Assuming no firm chooses to access all markets within an economy, increasing both population and the number of markets proportionately has no effect on firms’ market access decision and so the number of firms per capita and average incomes remain unchanged. The implications of the model for trade are stark. If two identical countries open up to trade, there are no gains from trade. If two different countries open up to trade but no comparative advantage exists, there are no gains from trade. Countries trade (and gains from trade exist) only if comparative advantage exists. If comparative advantage exists, the gains from trade are lower than in a standard variety model. But if comparative advantage is ignored, the true gains from trade can be much higher than the gains calculated using a standard sufficient‐statistic formula.
In‐person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization in relation to internalizing symptoms and self‐esteem in adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Fogleman Nicholas D. , McQuade Julia D. , Mehari Krista R. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is mixed evidence for whether in‐person victimization and cyber victimization are differentially linked to internalizing symptoms and self‐esteem among adolescents with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goals of the present study were to (1) evaluate in‐person victimization and cyber victimization in relation to internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) and self‐esteem and (2) examine differences in internalizing symptoms and self‐esteem between in‐person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization (i.e., both in‐person victimization and cyber victimization).MethodsParticipants were 78 adolescents (ages 13–17 years) diagnosed with ADHD who completed ratings of in‐person victimization, cyber victimization, anxiety, depression, and self‐esteem. Parents completed ratings of their adolescent's anxiety and depression.ResultsAdolescents with ADHD reported experiencing higher rates of in‐person victimization (64%) than cyber victimization (23%) in the last 30 days. In addition, 22% reported that they experienced polyvictimization. In‐person victimization was associated with higher adolescent‐reported anxiety symptoms, whereas cyber victimization was associated with higher parent‐reported depressive symptoms; both were associated with lower adolescent‐reported self‐esteem. Adolescents who reported polyvictimization reported the highest anxiety and depressive symptoms and the lowest self‐esteem.ConclusionsApproximately one quarter of adolescents with ADHD report experiencing polyvictimization in the past month. Findings indicate that in‐person victimization and cyber victimization are each uniquely associated with lower self‐esteem and differentially associated with co‐occurring internalizing symptoms among adolescents with ADHD. Polyvictimization is especially linked to higher internalizing symptoms and lower self‐esteem. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the directionality of these associations.
Historical biogeography of Tetrastigma (Vitaceae): Insights into floristic exchange patterns between Asia and Australia
Authors: Peng Dan‐Xiao , Dang Viet‐Cuong , Habib Sadaf , Barrett Russell L. , Trias‐Blasi Anna , Wen Jun , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Lu Li‐Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiodiversity exchanges across the Malesian region, linking the distinct biotas of Asia and Australia, have long attracted the curiosity of biologists. Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) has a wide distribution in Asia through the Sunda archipelago to Australia and provides a good case to elucidate floristic exchange between Asia and Australia. Tetrastigma species have fleshy fruits that are consumed by birds, representing a lineage with a predictable dispersal across island chains. We herein estimate the divergence times and reconstruct the biogeographic history of Tetrastigma with intensive taxon sampling (96 of approximately 120 species; >80%) using 10 chloroplast loci. The biogeographic history of Tetrastigma was reconstructed with 4‐area and 6‐area divisions by delineating the Sunda region into one or three areas of endemism based on a phylogenetic bioregionalization analysis and the geological history of Malesia. The 4‐area division shows that Tetrastigma originated in continental Asia and diverged from the recently segregated genus Pseudocayratia in the early Eocene (49.43 Ma). Dispersal from continental Asia might have started in the late Eocene but mainly occurred in the last 10 Myr. Continental Asia is indicated to be the most important source area while Sunda is the biggest sink, with 16 of the 27 dispersal events inferred from continental Asia to Sunda. Only seven dispersal events are inferred arriving in the Sahul plate and one reverse dispersal from Sahul back to Asia. The 6‐area division suggests that the Philippines have been an active junction between Asia and Australia. The biogeographic history of Tetrastigma illustrates an asymmetric floristic exchange between Asia and Australia in this genus, which has been facilitated by the formation of terrestrial connections in the late Miocene and the expansion of wet tropical forests across Wallace's Line and beyond.
Colonic disease recurrence following proctectomy with end colostomy for anorectal Crohn’s disease
Authors: Lightner Amy L. , Steele Scott R. , Delaney Conor P. , Lavryk Olga , Vaidya Prashansha , McMichael John , Jia Xue , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , Brar Mantaj S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimIn patients with anorectal Crohn's disease, it remains uncertain whether a total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy or proctectomy with end colostomy should be recommended due to the unknown rate of disease recurrence in the remaining colon.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with a known diagnosis of Crohn's disease who underwent a proctectomy with end colostomy for distal Crohn's disease between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2019 at two IBD referral centres was conducted. Data collected included patient demographics, surgical variables at the time of proctectomy, and postoperative clinical, endoscopic and surgical recurrence rates.ResultsA total of 63 patients were included; mean age was 47 years (SD 15 years) and 32 (50.8%) were female. The majority of patients underwent a proctectomy with end colostomy (n = 56; 88.9%) while the remaining seven patients (11.1%) underwent a proctectomy with end colostomy and concurrent ileocectomy. A total of 55 patients (87.3%) had proctitis, 51 (81%) had perianal fistulating disease, and 34 (54%) had anal canal stenosis or ulceration. Most patients had medically refractory disease (n = 54; 85.7%) versus neoplasia (n = 9; 14.3%). The median length of long‐term follow‐up was 17.7 months (IQR: 4.72, 38.7 months). During that time, 14 (22.2%) experienced clinical recurrence, 10 of 34 evaluated (29.4%) had endoscopic recurrence, and 3 (4.76%) required a completion total abdominal colectomy for recurrent medically refractory disease in the colon.ConclusionColonic recurrence remains low following proctectomy and descending colostomy suggesting this operative management strategy is reasonable in Crohn's patients with distal disease.
Solar Power and its Discontents: Critiquing Off‐grid Infrastructures of Inclusion in East Africa
Authors: Cross Jamie , Neumark Tom 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSince 2010, solar energy companies in North America and Europe have played a pivotal role in delivering clean, reliable and sustainable electricity to millions of people living off the grid across sub‐Saharan Africa. However, today, off‐grid solar energy in Africa is no longer seen as an unmitigated social and economic good. Inflows of private equity investment have led the employees and customers of off‐grid solar companies to question the industry's commercial dynamics. Their critiques address the mis‐selling of solar home systems and the technical limits of off‐grid infrastructures for domestic production, framed both by dominant market paradigms and by relationships to nation, community and family. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in East Africa's off‐grid solar industry, this study assembles these critical perspectives into a wider analysis of off‐grid solar power as an adverse ‘infrastructure of inclusion’.
Impact of traumatic dental injury treatment on the Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life of children, adolescents, and their family: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Milani Ana Júlia , Castilho Thuanny , Assaf Andrea Videira , Antunes Leonardo Santos , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimMeasures of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) are useful in clinical trials to evaluate treatment outcomes. To detect the treatment impact of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on OHRQoL is extremely relevant. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is scientific evidence of the impact of TDI treatment on OHRQoL of children, adolescents, and their families.Material and MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted selecting articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library until May 22nd, 2020. The gray literature, clinical trial registers, and a manual search were performed. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the ROBINS‐I risk of bias. A meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 program. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system.ResultsIn the electronic search, 413 abstracts and one registered study were found. After removing the duplicates and eligibility application, six studies were included. Individually, the studies presented low to moderate risk of bias and they found that TDI treatment reduces the negative impact on OHRQoL. In the meta‐analysis, TDI treatment improved OHRQoL for 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children (p = .03; CI 5.19 [0.62, 9.75]) (detected by CPQ 8–10 questionnaire). In the perception of parents, the children, and adolescents who had suffered TDI also had their OHRQoL improved (p = .04; CI 14.77 [0.95, 28.60]) (detected by PPQ and P‐CPQ questionnaire) but both evaluations had very low certainty of evidence.ConclusionTreatment of traumatic dental injuries reduces the impact on the OHRQoL of children and adolescents. However, more studies are necessary to detect the TDI treatment influence on OHRQoL of preschoolers and in the family as well to estimate the effects due to outcomes that had a very low certainty of evidence (#CRD42018091210).