bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep genome sequencing provides potential novel insights into plateau adaptations in domestication of goats to extreme environments
Authors: Tian Dehong , Zhou Baicheng , Han Buying , Liu Sijia , Tian Fei , Qi Delin , Zhao Kai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Environmental conditions and extensive rearing impose a myriad of selective pressures on domesticated animals living at high altitude. These pressures have selected for the characteristics of strong adaptability for life in the alpine pastoral area. While it is accepted that various natural and anthropogenic factors, such as environmental pressures, human migration, and socioeconomic practices, have shaped the genomic structure of goats, little is known regarding the resulting genetic adaptations. The goat (Capra hircus) have become well adapted to certain extreme environments (e.g., plateaus and deserts). Through whole-genome sequencing, it was hypothesized here that the immune system and olfactory perception genetic regulatory pathways may contribute to the defense related adaptations of the goat population. As such, CNGA4 and Camk 2b have been identified as key candidate genes that drive these adaptations during goat domestication, and they may enhance immunity and defenses against external adverse factors. This study provides a new insight into the unique regional defense adaptation of Qaidam cashmere goats during the generations long domestication process, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the adaptation of cashmere goats to a commercial environment.Results: More than 3,000 candidate genes have been found that may have been selected for through both natural and artificial processes during domestication. These candidate genes require validation with additional samples in the future. novel immune and olfactory perception genetic regulatory pathways were identified, which may correspond to defensive adaptations to the extreme environments.Conclusion: CNGA4 and Camk 2b may enhance immunity and defense against external adverse factors during domestication.
Degradation of micropollutant cephalexin by ultraviolet (UV) and assessment of residual antimicrobial activity of transformation products
Authors: Cordeiro Sabrina Grando , Ziem Rafaela , Schweizer Ytan Andreine , Costa Bruna , Kuhn Daniel , Haas Peterson , Weber Ani Caroline , Heidrich Daiane , Ethur Eduardo Miranda , Steffens Clarice , Hoehne Lucélia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cephalexin (CEX) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, it is also a micropollutant. Thus, this study evaluated the degradation of CEX using ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) and analyzed the by-products as well as their residual antimicrobial activity. A reactor with a mercury vapor lamp was used for the degradation. Irradiated CEX solutions were collected over a period of 4 hours and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. For the residual antimicrobial activity the susceptibility test was performed using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli microorganisms by broth microdilution. It was found that CEX, after treatment, generated a metabolite with a mass of 150 m/z in 15 min. A four- and eightfold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug against S. aureus and E. coli could be observed, respectively, after 20 min. Therefore, this treatment proved to be effective in the degradation of CEX, being able to degrade 81% of the initial molecule of the drug in 20 min. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the CEX solution decreased as the irradiation time increased, indicating loss of antimicrobial function of the initial CEX molecule and the resulting by-products.
The Duration of Hemodialysis and its Implication to Barthel Score and Laboratory Parameters among End Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Jahidi Savero Mizan , Mardiana Nunuk , Wardhani Indrayuni Lukitra 
Published: May 2021

Background: While it was proven that hemodialysis for treating patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) provided the reduced mortality rate, the reports on its adequacy in the context of laboratory parameters and psychological function were limited. Aim: To assess the implication of hemodialysis duration on Barthel score and laboratory parameters among ESRD patients. Â Methods: During the period, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Information related to age, gender, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, and the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, calcium, and phosphor were retrieved from medical records. While, we performed the interview to each participant using Barthel index questionnaire to assess the function independence. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the correlation and estimate of effect. Results: We totally include we included 65 patients with the hemodialysis duration of more than one year and 16 patients with the hemodialysis duration of less than one year. Our results found that the higher levels of albumin and hemoglobin were observed in patients with hemodialysis duration of more than one year. While, the duration of hemodialysis did not affect the Barthel score and serum mineral parameters. Conclusion: Â The duration of hemodialysis of more than one year is associated with the improvement of albumin and hemoglobin levels
Strategi pembelajaran self regulation dalam pemecahan masalah matematika
Authors: Lasmanawati Ati 
Published: May 2021

Artikel mengkaji strategi pembelajaran self-regulation dalam mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Self-regulation merupakan sebuah proses belajar individu melalui faktor lingkungan (environment), faktor pribadi (person) dan faktor perilaku (behavior). Komponen kemampuan self-regulation terdiri atas komponen kognitif, motivasi dan metakognisi. Pada kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran matematika, peserta didik harus mempelajari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah dari fakta-fakta yang sudah ada (learn by doing). Strategi pembelajaran self-regulation adalah suatu strategi pembelajaran yang memberikan keleluasaan kepada peserta didik untuk mengelola secara efektif pembelajarnya sendiri dalam berbagai cara sehingga mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal. Penerapan strategi pembelajaran self-regulation terhadap peserta didik, akan memberikan dampak pada pengembangan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Peserta didik yang memiliki self-regulation, akan memiliki motivasi yang lebih besar dalam belajar dan memecahkan masalah matematika. This article examines self-regulation learning strategies in developing mathematical problem-solving abilities. Self-regulation is an individual learning process through environmental factors, personal factors and behavioral factors. The component of self-regulation ability consists of cognitive, motivation and metacognition components. In learning activities, especially in mathematics, students must learn the ability to think critically and the ability to solve problems from the facts that already exist (learn by doing). Self-regulation learning strategy is a learning strategy that gives students the freedom to effectively manage their own learners in various ways so as to achieve optimal learning outcomes. The application of self-regulation learning strategies to students will have an impact on the development of mathematical problem solving abilities. Students who have self-regulation, will have greater motivation in learning and solving mathematical problems.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA RUMPUN PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI
Authors: Mulyani Endang , Muhson Ali , Sukidjo Sukidjo , Prilanita Yeni Nur , Susilowati Nenden 
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini akan melakukan implementasi Model Evaluasi Pendidikan Karakter pada Rumpun Pembelajaran Ekonom. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Research & Development yang dikembangkan Borg and Gall. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa di Fakultas Ekonomi yang sedang mengambil matakuliah rumpun ekonomi dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 186 mahasiswa yang terdiri empat prodi S1 yang ada di Fakultas Ekonomi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji manova. Hasil dari penelitian ini ada dua. Pertama, asesmen karakter mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran ekonomi menyatakan bahwa pada awal semester (pengamatan awal) karakter mahasiswa cenderung rendah tetapi setelah pengimplementasian pendidikan karakter pada pertengahan semester (pengamatan akhir) karakter mahasiswa cenderung sedang ke tinggi. Kedua, Pembelajaran ekonomi yang menerapkan model evaluasi pendidikan karakter dapat dikatakan efektif dalam meningkatkan karakter mahasiswa. Terbukti dengan adanya rata- rata antara pretest dan posttest yang signifikan. Abstract: This research aims to implement the Character Education Evaluation Model in the Economist Learning Cluster. The study used the Research & Development approach developed by Borg and Gall. The research subjects were students at the Faculty of Economics. They were taking economic classes with 186 students as respondents consisting of four undergraduate study programs in the Faculty of Economics. The data analysis technique used was the Manova test. The results of this study are twofold. First, the assessment of student character in economic learning states that at the beginning of the semester (initial observation), the character of the student tends to be low, but after the implementation of character education in the middle of the semester (final observation) the character of the student tends to be high. Second, economic learning that applies the character education evaluation model can be effective in improving student character. It is proven by the significant mean between pretest and posttest.
Development of an Android-Based Self-Report Assessment for Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) App: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hwang Ho Sung , Choi Seong-Youl 
Published: May 2021

Background
Self-report assessments for elderly drivers are used in various countries for accessible, widespread self-monitoring of driving ability in the elderly population. Likewise, in South Korea, a paper-based Self-Report Assessment for Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) has been developed. Here, we implemented the SAFE-DR through an Android app, which provides the advantages of accessibility, convenience, and provision of diverse information, and verified its reliability and validity.

Objective
This study tested the validity and reliability of a mobile app-based version of a self-report assessment for elderly persons contextualized to the South Korean culture and compared it with a paper-based test.

Methods
In this mixed methods study, we recruited and interviewed 567 elderly drivers (aged 65 years and older) between August 2018 and May 2019. For participants who provided consent, the app-based test was repeated after 2 weeks and an additional paper-based test (Driver 65 Plus test) was administered. Using the collected data, we analyzed the reliability and validity of the app-based SAFE-DR. The internal consistency of provisional items in each subdomain of the SAFE-DR and the test-retest stability were analyzed to examine reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the subdomain configuration. To verify the appropriateness of using an app-based test for older drivers possibly unfamiliar with mobile technology, the correlation between the results of the SAFE-DR app and the paper-based offline test was also analyzed.

Results
In the reliability analysis, Cronbach α for all items was 0.975 and the correlation of each item with the overall score ranged from r=0.520 to r=0.823; 4 items with low correlations were removed from each of the subdomains. In the retest after 2 weeks, the mean correlation coefficient across all items was r=0.951, showing very high reliability. Exploratory factor analysis on 40 of the 44 items established 5 subdomains: on-road (8 items), coping (16 items), cognitive functions (5 items), general conditions (8 items), and medical health (3 items). A very strong negative correlation of –0.864 was observed between the total score for the app-based SAFE-DR and the paper-based Driver 65 Plus with decorrelation scales. The app-based test was found to be reliable.

Conclusions
In this study, we developed an app-based self-report assessment tool for elderly drivers and tested its reliability and validity. This app can help elderly individuals easily assess their own driving skills. Therefore, this assessment can be used to educate drivers and for preventive screening for elderly drivers who want to renew their driver’s licenses in South Korea. In addition, the app can contribute to safe driving among elderly drivers.
Role Of Yoga In Improving Lung Function And Reducing Stress Of Recovering COVID-19 Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Das Saswati 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 Viral disease results in post-infection pulmonary damage, including, Fibrotic Lung Disease due to inflammatory and reactive protein secretions damaging pulmonary alveolar structure and functionality. Immediate focus is on testing, diagnosis, epidemiological containment, clinical trials for drug testing. The recovering patients are presenting with mild to severe lung impairment as a result of the viral attack on the alveolar and lung tissues. Clinically significant impairment of pulmonary function appears to be a permanent finding as a direct result of the interstitial lung damage and inflammatory changes that accompanied. Yoga-based lifestyle intervention has been proven to be a highly promising alternative therapy to improve lung function. Yoga based intervention also favorably alters inflammatory markers. The COVID- 19 pandemic has alarming implications for individual and collective health and emotional and social functioning. In addition to providing medical care, health care providers have an important role in monitoring psychosocial needs and delivering psychosocial support to their patients, activities that should be integrated into general pandemic health care.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study are to:
A.	Primary Objectives:
1) Validate a safe and feasible yoga program for patients with residual lung function defect after COVID-19;
2) Determine the efficacy of the yoga program by measuring the improvement in lung function by PFT;
B.	Secondary Objectives:
1)	Determine whether stress in recovering COVID-19 patients is reduced by yoga practice, and
2)	Study the effect of yoga on inflammatory markers IL-6, CRP, TNF α and stress marker cortisol.

METHODS

Patients in this study will be randomized to receive yoga training or usual care for 12 weeks. Patients will be evaluated by Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) for lung function at study entry (0), after 6 weeks, and immediately after the completion of YOGA training program at 12 weeks. Blood levels of IL-6, CRP, TNF α and serum cortisol will also be measured at 0, 6, 12 weeks along with DASS 21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Score) questionnaire for depression, stress and anxiety assessment.

RESULTS

The study protocol has been presented to the institutional ethics committee (479(15/20210/IEC/ABVIMS/RMLH/494), which issued a approval for the project.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study we will have three approaches: (i) Looking into the improvement of Lung function by Yoga exercises (ii) Further, by DASS 21 Questionnaire we would investigate the psychological effects of Yoga on recovering COVID patients (iii) Finally, we would study the effect of Yoga on inflammatory markers IL-6, CRP, TNF α and stress marker cortisol.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study is supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. (DST/SATYAM/COVID-19/2020/140)
VIOLÊNCIA E EDUCAÇÃO EM ANGRA DOS REIS/RJ
Authors: Guigues Ana Luiza 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo visa abordar o aumento da violência urbana no município de Angra dos Reis/RJ, além de sua dispersão geográfica pelos bairros da cidade e os impactos da mesma na educação do município. Nesse sentido, a violência aqui abordada será aquela referente ao tráfico de drogas e às formas de crime que dele decorrem, uma vez que tal fenômeno, nos últimos dez anos, apresentou um forte crescimento na região e se mostra como a maior expressão de violência na cidade em detrimento de outras. O fenômeno, no entanto, não se expressa de maneira uniforme na geografia da cidade, bem como seus impactos nas escolas do município e no cotidiano dos moradores. Nesse contexto, através de consultas à, principalmente, dados estatísticos disponíveis no Instituto de Segurança Pública do Rio de Janeiro e à pesquisa do Projeto de Extensão do IEAR/UFF DIAGNÓSTICO DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA E SOCIAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE ANGRA DOS REIS, pôde-se comprovar essa desigual distribuição geográfica dos crimes, concentrados majoritariamente em áreas mais pobres da cidade e assim, atingido com maior intensidade as escolas e cidadãos localizados no entorno destas.
Perancangan Antena Diplexing Menggunakan Metode Half Mode SIW dengan Metode Cavity Back Slot Sebagai Matching Impedansi
Authors: Astuti Dian Widi , Putri Melinda Megahari , Rusdiyanto Dian 
Published: May 2021

Penggunaan teknologi dinas tetap (fixed-services) bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan teknologi telekomunikasi nirkabel. Pada perkembangannya muncul tantangan untuk meningkatkan performa dan efisiensi perangkat teknologi seperti penggunaan lebih dari satu frekuensi dalam satu device. Penelitian ini mendukung tantangan tersebut dengan membuat antena yang dapat bekerja untuk dua resonansi frekuensi (diplexing). Metode yang digunakan untuk mendesain antena diplexing tersebut yaitu Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Cavity Backed Slot Antenna (CBSA). Metode CBSA mempunyai kemampuan untuk mencapai matching impedansi dengan mengatur inset-feed dan rectangular slot. Hasil simulasi menunjukan antena dapat bekerja pada frekuensi tengah (fC) 4,5 dan 5,8 GHz. Nilai S11 dan S22 simulasi masing-masing memperoleh -30 dB dan -16,86 dB, serta nilai S12 dan S21 masing-masing -27 dB dan -26 dB. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran menunjukan antena bekerja pada frekuensi tengah (fC) 4,25 dan 5,67 GHz, dengan nilai S11 dan S22 masing-masing -33,10 dB dan -23,27 dB, serta nilai S12 dan S21 masing-masing -30 dB dan -29,6 dB. Hasil simulasi telah sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Perbedaan dengan hasil pengukuran dapat disebabkan karena faktor pabrikasi, penyolderan dan proses etching.
Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Pelarut Polar
Authors: Sari Meliani , Ulfa Rani Nareza , Marpaung Mauritz Pandapotan , Purnama  
Published: May 2021

Papasan leaves have several properties, including antihyperglycemic, diabetes, antipyretic and antioxidant. Minor metabolite compounds that have the potential as antioxidants from this plant are flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study's purpose to determine the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents of Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) leaf extract based on the differences in polar solvents. The polar solvents used were ethanol, methanol, and water. Extraction used by maceration and dekokta. The antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were established by UV-Vis spectrophotometry according to the decrease in absorbance at a maximum wavelength of 515 nm by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Determination of antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were excluded on quercetin comparisons. The values of IC50 and the flavonoid total contents in the ethanol extract respectively were 287.92 ppm and 49.825 mg QE/g while the IC50 values and total flavonoid levels in the extract of methanol were 73.29 ppm and 50.415 mg QE/g. In the extract of the water, the value of IC50 was 39.80 ppm and the total flavonoid contents were 50.415 mg QE/g. The conclusions of these studies were that the most antioxidant activity was found in water extract, while water and methanol extract had the same and highest levels of total flavonoids.
Exploring the Ivorian Shea Butter Potentialities: Consumers and Scientists Approach
Authors: Mégnanou R.-M. , Niamké S. 
Published: May 2021

Traditional shea butter is generally obtained through various uncontrolled methods, leading to a wide variability of quality. Nevertheless, consumers often complain about this fat because of it unconformity with their demands. Indeed, Ivorian ordinary consumers mostly prefer whitish odorless and fondant shea butter. Moreover, traders and industries interest in shea butter as raw material, would reside in its exceptional quality and potentialities of exploitation in several fields. An optimized traditional process was proposed by the present authors not only as a standard method, but also as a response to the whole users’ exigencies. Resulting beige and yellow shea butters present very weak acid and peroxide indexes, very high unsaponifiable matters. Viscosity decreased exponentially with the temperature increasing, when UV-Vis and near infra-red spectra revealed presence of UV-filter compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophyll. Chromatographic profile identified palmitic, stearic, arachidic acids, and essential fatty acids like oleic and linoleic and also exaltolides compounds. Samples also contained essential minerals (Calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, etc.) carotene, vitamins A in relatively important amounts. Moreover, neither microbiological germs nor heavy were detected.
All these valorizing characteristics would confer to the optimized shea butters good aptitude for households feeding and body care, and also profile a wide range of exploitation in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Effect of Potassium Permanganate on Colour and Textural Characteristics of Tomatoes at Ambient Temperature Storage
Authors: Wabali Victor C. , Esiri Akpevwe 
Published: May 2021

Mature unripe tomato fruits were evaluated to check the effectiveness of potassium permanganate on the quality parameters of colour and texture under ambient storage conditions in extending the shelf life of tomatoes. 50 g each of mature unripe tomato fruits were weighed into a plastic container containing different concentrations of potassium permanganate including control (2.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 7.5 ppm, 10.0 ppm, 12.5 ppm and 15.0 ppm). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design and replicated four times. A sensory evaluation of quality parameters of color and texture was carried out using a hedonic scale ranking.
Results obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and Least Significant Difference (LSD). Under ambient conditions, the tomatoes samples that were stored with a concentration of 5 ppm of KMnO4 showed a higher or acceptable quality in terms of colour and texture.
In terms of shelf life, 7.5 ppm of KMnO4 under ambient conditions, kept the tomatoes in an acceptable quality for 11 days as shown in the result.
Desain Dan Simulasi Mesin Cnc Laser Cutting Untuk Produk Berbahan Akrilik
Authors: Syaifullah Mohamad 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendesain mesin CNC Laser Cutting bersifat portable, alat ini menggunakan laser sebagai alat potong untuk mengerjakan benda kerja, dengan ukuran laser berdiameter 0,02 mm, Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk tahap perancangan yaitu melakukan studi literatur lalu menganalisa kebutuhan pembuatan mesin,memilih dan membandingkan beberapa alternatif desain, melakukan pemilihan konsep, perancangan modul laser serta, perancangan sistem gerak 3 axis, perancangan daya motor serta mensimulasikan frame dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga.Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh skematik sistem kontrol mesin CNC Laser, menghasilkan prototype mesin CNC Laser, dan nilai parameter dari data-data hasil uji kinerja mesin CNC Laser dengan microcontroller CNC 3 aksis berbasis Atmega328 Arduino nano dengan modul laser 5,5 Watt dengan kapasitas maksimal bidang kerja 200x100x10. Hasil simulasi tegangan von mesis stress sebesar 0,07658 Mpa dan nilai von mises stress minimal 0 Mpa.l Kata kunci: Desain mesin cnc laser cutting