bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect antiglobulin test-crossmatch using low-ionic-strength saline–albumin enhancement medium and reduced incubation time: effectiveness in the detection of most clinically significant antibodies and impact on blood utilization
Authors: Dinardo C.L. , Bonifácio S.L. , Mendrone A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indirect antiglobulin test-crossmatch (IAT-XM) using enhancement media such as low-ionic-strength saline (LISS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) usually requires 15 minutes of incubation. These methods are necessary when testing samples from blood recipients who have a higher risk of alloimmunization. In emergency situations, IAT-XM can be time-consuming and can influence presurgery routine, resulting in more red blood cell (RBC) units being tested and stored to avoid the transfusion of uncrossmatched ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a LISS-albumin enhancer to intensify antigen-antibody reaction after 5 minutes of 37°C incubation and compare this performance with that of other enhancers, gel, and conventional tube testing. Second, the study evaluated the impact of this method’s implementation in the C:T ratio (crossmatched to transfused RBC units) of a transfusion laboratory. Ninety serum samples containing alloantibodies of potential clinical significance were tested against phenotyped RBCs using four different methods: (1) tube with LISS-albumin enhancer (5 minutes of incubation), (2) tube with LISS-albumin and PEG (15 minutes of incubation), (3) gel, and (4) conventional tube method (60 minutes of incubation). In parallel, the study compared the C:T ratio of a tertiary-hospital transfusion laboratory in two different periods: 3 months before and 3 months after the implementation of the 5-minute IAT-XM protocol. The use of LISS-albumin with 5 minutes of incubation exhibited the same performance as LISS-albumin, PEG, and gel with 15 minutes of incubation. Conventional tube method results were equally comparable, but reactions were significantly less intense, except for anti-c (p = 0.406). Accuracy was 100 percent for all selected methods. After the implementation of the 5-minute IAT-XM protocol, the C:T ratio fell from 2.74 to 1.29 (p < 0.001). IAT-XM can have its incubation time reduced to 5 minutes with the use of LISS-albumin enhancement. We suggest this strategy should be used to quickly prepare RBC units for surgical patients, keeping transfusion safety without compromising blood supplies.
Immunohematology

2014;30:1–5.
Raph blood group system
Authors: Hayes M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This review describes the current state of knowledge of the Raph blood group system, which consists of a single antigen, MER2. MER2 was initially classified as a high-incidence antigen in the 901 series of blood groups, formerly known as 901011, but was reclassified as an antigen in the Raph blood group system in 2004. There have been six reports of human alloantibodies to MER2. Three of the subjects were found to have a stop codon in the CD151 gene, which encodes a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins. These three individuals had nephropathy and deafness, and two of the three, who are siblings, also had skin lesions and β-thalassemia minor. The fourth subject had missense mutation c.533G>A (p.Arg178His). Subjects 5 and 6 shared missense mutation c.511C>T (p.Arg171Cys) as well as a synonymous single-nucleotide mutation (c.579A>G) and had no clinical features. Although the CD151 protein is critical to cell-to-cell interactions and cell signaling and is implicated in cancer progression, the significance in transfusion medicine is limited to one report of a hemolytic transfusion reaction in Subject 5.
Immunohematology

2014;30:6–10.
Low risk of hemolysis after transfusion of uncrossmatched red blood cells
Authors: Radkay L. , Triulzi D.J. , Yazer M.H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transfusing uncrossmatched red blood cells (RBCs) can be a lifesaving bridge until crossmatched RBCs are available. The risk of using uncrossmatched RBCs is that of hemolysis from unexpected clinically significant antibodies. This study sought to quantify the risk of hemolysis after the transfusion of uncrossmatched RBCs. The records of recipients of uncrossmatched RBCs over approximately 9 months were retrieved from the regional transfusion service. Basic immunohematologic data were recorded on all recipients including the number of uncrossmatched RBCs transfused. For recipients who had either previously identified clinically significant antibodies or those identified on the day of transfusion, clinical and biochemical data were evaluated to determine whether hemolysis had occurred after uncrossmatched RBC transfusion. There were 218 recipients of 1065 units of uncrossmatched RBCs. Most of the RBCs were administered in the emergency room (48%) followed by the operating room (24%) and intensive care unit (23%). Seven (3.2%) recipients had clinically significant antibodies that were active on the day of the transfusion, whereas in four patients a clinically significant antibody had been previously identified but was not active on the day of the transfusion. One patient with active antibodies who received three units of uncrossmatched RBCs for a gastrointestinal bleed demonstrated a reactive eluate several days later as well as positive biochemical hemolysis markers. Thus the overall rate of detectable hemolysis after uncrossmatched RBC transfusion was 1 of 218 (0.5%). The use of uncrossmatched RBCs is a relatively safe intervention, although close monitoring of recipients with clinically significant antibodies for evidence of hemolysis is recommended.
Immunohematology

2012;28:39–44.
Alloimmunization to Kell blood group system antigen owing to unmatched blood transfusion in a resource-poor setting
Authors: Malhotra S. , Kaur G. , Basu S. , Kaur R. , Jindal G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the major drawbacks of multiple blood transfusions in patients with thalassemia is the risk of development of alloimmunization to various red cell antigens within blood group systems such as Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Kidd. The problem is greater in developing countries because of lack of awareness and insufficient availability of specific typing antisera and antibody screening panels owing to financial constraints. It is of utmost importance to provide D, C, c, E, e, and K phenotype-matched blood in multiply transfused patients with thalassemia. This can prevent the development of antibodies against these clinically significant antigens, as antibodies can cause severe acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and create difficulties in providing a crossmatch-compatible packed red blood cell unit. The policy should preferably be adopted irrespective of financial constraints as it will pave the way for better transfusion practices and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in patients who are transfusion dependent for survival.
Immunohematology

2012;28:45–8.
Warm autoadsorption with enzyme-treated red blood cells
Authors: Tsimba-Chitsva F. , Bishop S. , Kezeor K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Patients demonstrating warm autoantibody specificity present serologic challenges for laboratory staff performing antibody identification in the blood bank. Autoantibody can be removed from plasma or serum by adsorption onto autologous red blood cells (RBCs) provided the patient has not been transfused in the previous 3 months. The adsorption process can be enhanced by enzyme pretreatment of autologous RBCs.
Immunohematology

2012;28:88–90.
EDTA glycine acid treatment of red blood cells
Authors: Kosanke J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
IgG dissociation is necessary when a sample is direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positive and antigen testing using blood grouping serum reactive by the antiglobulin test is performed. Exposure of IgG-coated red blood cells (RBCs) to a low pH of 3.0 with EDTA glycine acid successfully dissociates the IgG, rendering the RBCs DAT negative 82 to 85 percent of the time. The procedure takes one minute or less and leaves RBC antigens intact and able to be typed except for those antigens in the Kell blood group system and for the high-prevalence antigen Era.
Immunohematology

2012;28:95–6.
The molecular basis of the LU:7 and LU:–7 phenotypes
Authors: Hue-Roye K. , E. Reid M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Lutheran blood group system currently consists of 20 antigens that have been assigned ISBT numbers. Of these, all but LU7 have been associated with one or more nucleotide changes in LU.The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis associated with the LU:–7 phenotype. We obtained a stored sample from one proband with this phenotype and sequenced LU.Using genomic DNA, exons 1 through 15, and their flanking intronic regions, of LUwere amplified by polymerase-chain reaction, and the products were sequenced. A homozygous novel missense nucleotide change of 1274A>C in exon 10 of LUwas observed. This change is predicted to encode Ala at position 425 in place of Glu of the consensus Lu glycoprotein. Based on these results, and an absence of a record of this change in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database, Glu425 in the Lu glycoprotein is required for expression of Lu7, and Ala425 is associated with the LU:–7 phenotype. This completes the molecular basis associated with all antigens known to be in the Lutheran blood group system.
Immunohematology

2012;28:130–1.
Red blood cell phenotype matching for various ethnic groups
Authors: Badjie K.S.W. , Tauscher C. , Van Buskirk C. , Wong C. , Jenkins S. , Smith C. , Stubbs J.R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Patients requiring chronic transfusion support are at risk of alloimmunization after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion because of a disparity between donor and recipient antigen profiles. This research explored the probability of obtaining an exact extended phenotype match between blood donors randomly selected from our institution and patients randomly selected from particular ethnic groups. Blood samples from 1,000 blood donors tested by molecular method were evaluated for the predicted phenotype distribution of Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS. A random subsample of 800 donor phenotypes was then evaluated for the probability of obtaining an exact match with respect to phenotype with a randomly selected patient from a particular ethnic group. Overall, there was a greater than 80 percent probability of finding an exact donor-recipient match for the K/k alleles in the Kell system. The probability ranged from 3 percent to 38 percent, depending on the ethnicity and disparities in phenotypic profiles, for the Rh, Kidd, Duffy, and MNS systems. A significant donor-recipient phenotype mismatch ratio exists with certain blood group antigens such that, with current routine ABO and D matching practices, recipients of certain ethnic groups are predisposed to alloimmunization.
Immunohematology

2011; 27:12–19.
XG: the forgotten blood group system
Authors: Johnson N.C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The XG blood group system is best known for its contributions to the fields of genetics and chromosome mapping. This system comprises two antigens, Xga and CD99, that are not antithetical but that demonstrate a unique phenotypic relationship. XG is located on the tip of the short arm of the X chromosome with exons 1 to 3 present in the pseudoautosomal region of the X (and Y) chromosome(s) and exons 4 to 10 located only on the X chromosome. Xga demonstrates a clear X-linked pattern of inheritance. MIC2, the gene encoding the CD99 antigen, is found in the pseudoautosomal region of both the X and Y chromosomes. Anti-Xga is comparatively rare, and only two examples of antiCD99 have ever been identified. Alloanti-Xga is considered clinically insignificant; only one example of autoanti-Xga has been reported, but it resulted in severe hemolytic anemia. Insufficient data exist to determine the clinical significance of anti-CD99. Linkage of XG to several X-borne genes encoding inherited disorders has been demonstrated. CD99 is an adhesion molecule, and high levels are associated with some types of cancer.
Immunohematology

2011;27:68–71.
Persistent complement-dependent anti-AnWj in a lymphoproliferative disorder: a case study and review
Authors: Grigoriadis G. , Condon J. , Green K. , Anderson M.A. , Borosak M. , Wood E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
AnWj is a high-incidence antigen present on the red blood cells (RBCs) of greater than 99 percent of the general population. A 58-year-old man underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for stage IVa mantle cell lymphoma. This procedure was complicated by failure to engraft, necessitating ongoing support with blood components. After a 2-month period of uneventful transfusion support, the patient experienced increasingly severe reactions with fever and evidence of intravascular hemolysis, including hemoglobinuria. Testing revealed a complement-dependent anti-AnWj. Phenotyping confirmed the AnWj– phenotype. Anti-AnWj was persistent despite immunosuppression, including treatment with allogeneic HSCT. Of interest, the pathogenesis of the downregulation of the graft AnWj in this patient is unclear.
Immunohematology

2011;27:83–88.
Application of real-time PCR and melting curve analysis in rapid Diego blood group genotyping
Authors: Novaretti M.C.Z. , Ruiz A.S. , Dorlhiac-Llacer P.E. , Chamone D.A.F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paucity of appropriate reagents for serologic typing of the Diego blood group antigens has prompted the development of a real-time PCR and melting curve analysis for Diego blood group genotyping. In this study, we phenotyped 4326 donor blood samples for Dia using semiautomated equipment. All 157 Di(a+) samples were then genotyped by PCR using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for DI*02 because of anti-Dib scarcity. Of the 4326 samples, we simultaneously tested 160 samples for Dia and Dib by serology, and for DI*01 and DI*02 by PCR-SSP and by real-time PCR. We used the same primers for Diego genotyping by real-time PCR and PCR-SSP. Melting curve profiles obtained using the dissociation software of the real-time PCR apparatus enabled the discrimination of Diego alleles. Of the total samples tested, 4169 blood donors, 96.4 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.8–96.9%), were homozygous for DI*02 and 157, 3.6 percent (95% CI, 3.1–4.2%), were heterozygous DI*01/02. No blood donor was found to be homozygous for DI*01 in this study. The calculated DI*01 and DI*02 allele frequencies were 0.0181 (95% CI, 0.0173–0.0189) and 0.9819 (95% CI, 0.9791–0.9847), respectively, showing a good fit for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was full concordance among Diego phenotype results and Diego genotype results by PCR-SSP and real-time PCR. DI*01 and DI*02 allele determination with SYBR Green I and thermal cycler technology are useful methods for Diego determination. The real-time PCR with SYBR Green I melting temperature protocol can be used as a rapid screening tool for DI*01 and DI*02 blood group genotyping.
Immunohematology

2010;26:66–70.
Laboratory methods for Rh immunoprophylaxis: a review
Authors: Sandler S.G. , Sathiyamoorthy S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recommended dose of Rh immune globulin for postpartum Rh immunoprophylaxis is based on an estimation of the volume of the fetomaternal hemorrhage, if any, measured as the percent of fetal RBCs in a sample of the D– mother’s blood. Laboratory methods for distinguishing fetal from maternal RBCs have been based on their different blood types (D+ versus D–) or predominant hemoglobin content (hemoglobin F versus hemoglobin A). We conducted a review of the medical literature describing laboratory methods for detecting and quantifying fetal RBCs in maternal blood samples. We also used data collected for the College of American Pathologists Fetal RBC Detection Surveys to determine which laboratory methods are used currently in hospitals in the United States. The rosette screen is used widely for identifying D– mothers who may require additional doses of Rh immune globulin for postpartum immunoprophylaxis. As the rosette screen targets the D antigen, it is not suitable for detecting a fetomaternal hemorrhage in D+ mothers or when the D type of the fetus or newborn is D– or unknown. The acid-elution (Kleihauer-Betke) assay is a sensitive laboratory method for quantifying a fetomaternal hemorrhage, but it is tedious, often inaccurate, and difficult to reproduce. Flow cytometry, using anti-D or anti-hemoglobin F reagents, offers a more precise quantification of fetal RBCs in maternal blood. However, flow cytometry services for this function are available in relatively few hospital laboratories in the United States because of logistic and fiscal impediments.
Immunohematology 2010;26:92–103.
Attempts to support an immune etiology in 800 patients with direct antiglobulin test–negative hemolytic anemia
Authors: Leger R.M. , Co A. , Hunt P. , Garratty G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Clinical and hematologic evidence of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is present in some patients whose direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is negative. The most common causes for AIHA associated with a negative DAT are RBC-bound IgG below the sensitivity threshold of the DAT, RBC-bound IgA and IgM not detectable by routine reagents, and low-affinity IgG that dissociates during the testing process. Samples submitted from 800 patients with hemolytic anemia and a negative DAT were tested by an antiglobulin sera (AGS) panel of anti-IgG, anti-C3, anti-IgM, and anti-IgA by a routine DAT. Additional tests included a direct Polybrene test to detect small amounts of RBC-bound IgG, a cold-wash technique to detect low-affinity IgG, and a DAT by gel test with anti-IgG. A positive result was obtained with at least one method for 431 (54%) of 800 specimens tested. The AGS panel was positive for 400 (50%) of samples, with IgG or C3 or both accounting for reactivity in 48 percent. IgA alone was found on 2 percent of samples; IgM was never found alone. Low-affinity IgG was found on 37 (5%) samples. The direct Polybrene test was the only positive test for 15 (2%) samples. The gel anti-IgG test was never the only positive test. Clinical correlations for these data were not available; however, previously published correlations suggest a positive predictive value for tests that extend routine DAT methods in patients with DAT-negative AIHA.
Immunohematology

2010;26:156–60.
Coexistence of coarsening and mean field relaxation in the long-range Ising chain
Authors: Corberi Federico , Iannone Alessandro , Kumar Manoj , Lippiello Eugenio , Politi Paolo 
Published: May 2021

We study the kinetics after a low temperature quench of the
one-dimensional Ising model with long range interactions between spins
at distance rr
decaying as r^{-\alpha}r−α.
For \alpha =0α=0,
i.e. mean field, all spins evolve coherently quickly driving the system
towards a magnetised state. In the weak long range regime with
\alpha >1α>1
there is a coarsening behaviour with competing domains of opposite sign
without development of magnetisation. For strong long range,
i.e. 0<\alpha <10<α<1,
we show that the system shows both features, with probability
P_\alpha (N)Pα(N)
of having the latter one, with the different limiting behaviours
\lim _{N\to \infty}P_\alpha (N)=0limN→∞Pα(N)=0
(at fixed \alpha<1α<1)
and \lim _{\alpha \to 1}P_\alpha (N)=1limα→1Pα(N)=1
(at fixed finite NN).
We discuss how this behaviour is a manifestation of an underlying
dynamical scaling symmetry due to the presence of a single
characteristic time \tau _\alpha (N)\sim N^\alphaτα(N)∼Nα.
Drought detection in Java Island based on Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)
Authors: Suroso  , Nadhilah Dede , Ardiansyah  , Aldrian Edvin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study reports a drought analysis which was carried out using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to determine the spatial and temporal level of drought risk in Java, Indonesia. Apart from using the SPEI, this study also used the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) as a comparison in detecting drought and also validated with historical drought occurrences. Temporal variations of SPI and SPEI values were discussed by considering different timescales (monthly to yearly). Pearson's correlations between both drought indices were calculated to see how similar both indices were. Also, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were used for the similarity test of two kinds of distributions. The results obtained from this analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between the SPI and SPEI models was relatively high on a monthly scale and consistently increased along with the increase of temporal scales but had a decreasing trend during the dry season. However, the SPI detected drought severity with an excessively high estimate in comparison with the SPEI. Greater spatial extents of drought estimation were also generated by SPI followed by SPEI in comparison to factual drought occurrences. As a consequence, SPEI becomes more moderate and SPI as a conservative approach for estimating drought events.
Prediction and analysis of domestic water consumption based on optimized grey and Markov model
Authors: Wang Zhaocai , Wu Xian , Wang Huifang , Wu Tunhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization and the continuous improvement of living standards, China's domestic water consumption shows a growing trend. However, in some arid and water deficient areas, the shortage of water resources is a crucial factor affecting regional economic development and population growth. Therefore, it is essential to reliably predict the future water consumption data of a region. Aiming at the problems of poor prediction accuracy and overfitting of non-growth series in traditional grey prediction, this paper uses residual grey model combined with Markov chain correction to predict domestic water consumption. Based on the traditional grey theory prediction, the residual grey prediction model is established. Combined with the Markov state transition matrix, the grey prediction value is modified, and the model is applied to the prediction of domestic water consumption in Shaanxi Province from 2003 to 2019. The fitting results show that the accuracy grade of the improved residual grey prediction model is “good”. This shows that the dynamic unbiased grey Markov model can eliminate the inherent error of the traditional grey GM (1,1) model, improve the prediction accuracy, have better reliability, and can provide a new method for water consumption prediction.
Quinoline-3-Carboxylic Acids “DNA Minor Groove-Binding Agent”
Authors: Purohit Priyank , Mittal Ravi K. , Khatana Kavita 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The lead compounds from the series of 2, 4-disubstituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
derivatives were selected for the in-silico mechanistic study. The compounds were found selective and potent for
the cancer cell. Moreover, the relevant ADME in-silico data also support the safety of lead.

Methods:
The detailed interaction study with the DNA dodecanucleotide sequenced d(CGCGAATTCGCG)
shows the present lead bounds with the A/T minor groove region of a B-DNA duplex through the important
major and minor hydrogen bonds.

Result:
The present in-silico study supports the interactions of the drug with DNA with sufficient binding
interactions and energy. The present study also gives vital information related to the mechanism of drug action,
which was initially declared as a DNA targeting molecule through a fluorescence-based target study.

Conclusion:
The substitution at 2nd position (the carbonyl group) of the lead revealed as a hydrogen bond
donor/acceptor for adenine and guanine nucleic acid-base pair. The in-silico prediction also confirmed the
interaction pattern of the lead with the DNA, which will be further utilized for drug development.