bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN PEMBELAJARAN DARING MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI SD NEGERI 3 SUMBERARGO SUMBERMALANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ardoyo Ardoyo 
Published: October 2021

Upaya Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menerapkan Pembelajaran Daring Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang tahun 2020. Pembelajaran Daring bertujuan memberikan layanan pembelajaran bermutu secara dalam jaringan (daring) yang bersifat masif dan terbuka untuk menjangkau audiens yang lebih banyak dan lebih luas. Perlu disadari bahwa ketidaksiapan guru dan siswa terhadap pembelajaran daring juga menjadi masalah. Perpindahan sistem belajar konvensional ke sistem daring amat mendadak, tanpa persiapan yang matang. Tetapi semua ini harus tetap dilaksanakan agar proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan lancar dan siswa aktif mengikuti walaupun dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19. proses pembelajaran daring ini. Menyikapi dari intruksi dan arahan pemerintah, SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang siap menjalankan pembelajaran Daring di sekolah guna untuk memutus rantai Covid 19. Beberapa guru di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang mengaku, jika pembelajaran daring ini tidak begitu efektif daripada kegiatan pembelajaran konvensional (tatap muka langsung). Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang, masalah penelitian ini dijelaskan sebagai berikut: Bagaimanakah penerapan Pembelajaran Daring Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang tahun 2020? dan Bagaimanakah upaya peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam menerapkan pembelajaran daring masa pandemi covid 19 di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang tahun 2020? Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah PTS dengan berkolaborasi dengan guru yang ditetapkan 2 siklus. Dalam PTS ada 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Data primer dengan menggunakan tes ulangan dan observasi dengan di checklist, dan data sekunder dengan wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan keharusan nilai sasaran atau KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal) menentukan kriteria sukses untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada bab IV dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Dengan adanya penerapan Pembelajaran Daring Masa Pandemi Covid 19 di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang tahun 2020 dapat efektif dan Adanya upaya peningkatan kompetensi guru mencapai 30% dari 65% siklus I menjadi 95% siklus II dalam menerapkan pembelajaran daring masa pandemi covid 19 di SD Negeri 3 Sumberargo Sumbermalang tahun 2020.
Evaluation of falciparum parasitemia and urogenital schistosomiasis co-infection on haemoglobin and nutritional status of children and adolescents in riverine communities of southern Taraba State, Nigeria.
Authors: Houmsou R.S. , Wama B.E. , Agere H. , Uniga J.A. , Jerry T.J. , Azuaga P. , Amuta E.U. , Kela S.L. 
Published: October 2021

Malaria and urogenital schistosomiasis are parasitic infections usually acquired unknowingly and sometimes cause anaemia and affect the nutritional status of persons in endemic areas. This study assessed asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma haematobium and their co-infection status with respect to the association of haemoglobin level and nutritional status in children and adolescents resident at Takum Local Government, a rural suburb of Taraba State, Nigeria. Thick blood films and urine filtration technique were used respectively to determine P. falciparum and S. haematobium species. Haemoglobinometer measured haemoglobin concentration and Body Mass Index determined nutritional status for each participant. The study reported 32.9% (87/264), 28.7% (76/264) and 30.3% (80/264) respectively for asymptomatic malaria, urogenital schistosomiasis and co-infection. Participants in Chanchanji community significantly had the highest asymptomatic P. falciparum infection, 56.4% (22/39) (p=0.003). Sufa and Manya communities respectively had the highest S. haematobium infection, 39.4% (15/38) (χ2= 41.3, p=0.000) and coinfection, 32.1% (12/37) (χ2= 52.45, p=0.000). A negative association was observed between anaemia and co-infection (r = -0.77, p=0.000) as well as between nutritional status and co-infection (r = -0.63, p=0.000). Participants who did not use LLTNs and lived close to water bodies were predisposed to co-infection with adjusted OR=0.003 (%95CI: 0.00 – 0.03; p=0.000). Birama and Manya areas highly predicted participants to co-infection with respective adjusted OR = 13.20 (%95CI: 2.34-74.38; p=0.003) and adjusted OR=57.9, (%95CI: 4.92-681.24, p=0.001). The co-infection predisposed participants to moderate and severe anaemia with respective adjusted OR of 2.198 (%95CI:1.307-3.696, p=0.021) and 1.192 (%95CI:0.355-4.009, p=0.017). Undernutrition was significantly affected with co-infection adjusted OR=3.732 (95%CI:1.003-7.393, p=0.011). Co-infection was significantly associated with anaemia and nutritional status at p≤0.05. It is recommended that the State and NGOs should provide malaria Intermittent Prevention Treatment as well as deworm the children and adolescents in Takum LGA.
Evaluation of Falciparum Parasitaemia and Associated Inflammatory Cytokines Among Some Malaria-Vulnerable Subjects in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wokem G.N. , Dimkpa F.B. , Azuonwu O. 
Published: October 2021

A cross-sectional assessment of some inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations and parasitaemia levels in 162 pregnant women and 160 children infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, were evaluated. Blood samples collected from the subjects were analyzed, and the blood plasma analysed for cytokine using commercial standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Malaria diagnosis and some blood parameters were carried out using standard parasitological and haematological techniques. Pregnant women with falciparum malaria within age group 29-33 years had the highest infection rate of 41%, and mean parasitaemia level of 7955.11±1225.75 parasites/μl while those within the age group 19-23 years had the least mean parasitaemia level of 5042.00±900.18 parasites/μl, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.328). Comparatively, children within the age group 3-5 had the highest prevalence of 53.8%, those within 9-11 years had the highest mean parasitaemia level of 4813.03±1180.05 parasites/μl while those within age 6-8 years had lowest mean parasitaemia level of 2324.62±546.63 parasites/μl. The mean difference was statistically significant (P=0.048). The mean concentration levels of cytokines IL-6, and IL-10 (176.32±27.34 pg/ml, and 329.09±19.11 pg/ml, and 376.78±24.95pg/ml respectively) were significantly elevated in pregnant women with severe parasitaemia compared with their concentration levels in mild and moderate parasitaemia; The mean concentration levels of IL-6, and IL-10 (81.79±6.36pg/ml, 24.67±2.00pg/ml, 365.30±40.31 pg/ml, and 318.57±39.29 pg/ml respectively) were significantly higher in children with severe parasitaemia (P=0.6857, 0.1816, P=0.0014, and 0.0347 respectively).The mean cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, and IL-10, were significantly elevated in pregnant women and children with P. falciparum infection when compared to their respective healthy matched controls (P<0.0001). Correlations between plasma levels of IL-6 and P. falciparum parasite density in the study population showed a relatively strong positive linear relationship (P<0.0001). Inflammatory cytokines are involved in immunopathogenesis and immunoregulation of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Cytokines as found in this study could be used as promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for falciparum malaria progression or regression.
ROLE OF LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS IN THE PROVISION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Izah Maimuna 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify the contemporary challenges confronting Nigerian libraries and information centres in this aspect of human endeavour and the diverse ways in which libraries, information centres and other organisations promote gender activities and equality are identified.
Methodology: The paper is a position paper that recommends the best resources and services that libraries and information centres should provide to promote gender equality. Sources of data for this work comprise of primary, secondary data such as reports and books and personal observation by the researcher
Finding: The result found out that gender equality acknowledges that irrespective of gender, everyone gets equal opportunity to live a fulfilled life. Women and girls have the right and are entitled to full and equal opportunities, which cover all aspects of human endeavor. Like their male counterparts, they are entitled to be free from all forms of discrimination. However, Nigerian women, like many women in Africa, are deprived socially, economically and politically in relation to their male counterparts. The paper is an opinion paper.
Unique contribution to theory and practice: The libraries need to create enabling environments for discussing issues that concern women and girls, and provision of resources and services that promote their peculiar and specific interests and rights, such as combating discriminatory practices and stereotypes.
Developing a Peer Relationship Scale for Adolescents: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Aydoğdu Fatih 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThis study aims to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure adolescents’ peer relationships.Material and methodsThe research was carried out with 543 adolescents aged 11-18 studying in secondary schools and high schools. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the construct validity of the scale. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, a structure consisting of four sub-dimensions and 29 items was obtained. The sub-dimensions of the scale are named as intimacy, popularity, trust, and insightfulness.ResultsAs a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the model fit indices were found to have a good fit. Significant relationships were found with the Peer Support Scale and the Stirling Children’s Well-being Scale during the analysis of the scale’s criterion validity. Cronbach’s α internal consistency, split half reliability, and the test-retest method were used to assess the reliability of the scale. Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficient for the total score was found to be .93, the split-half reliability was .85, and the test-retest reliability value was .82.ConclusionsIt can be inferred that the scale, which was developed based on the results obtained from validity and reliability studies, is a measurement tool that can be used in studies involving adolescents studying at the level of secondary and high school.
Komunikasi Bukan Lisan: Simbol sebagai Medium Pemakluman dalam Adat Persandingan Masyarakat Melayu
Authors: Salleh Norhuda 
Published: October 2021

AbstrakSimbol antara medium yang digunakan dalam perlakuan komunikasi bukan lisan bagi interaksi antara penyampai dan penerima pesan. Latar belakang sosial, pengalaman dan budaya antara faktor penting bagi memastikan maklumat yang disalurkan difahami oleh kedua-dua pihak. Adat persandingan merupakan acara kemuncak dalam pelaksanaan adat perkahwinan masyarakat Melayu secara keseluruhannya. Fokus kajian menganalisis simbol dan makna yang digunakan dalam adat persandingan masyarakat Melayu di Sekinchan, Selangor. Input kajian diperoleh melalui pemerhatian turut serta dan temu bual mendalam bersama informan utama, iaitu Mak Andam dan pengamal adat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan simbol objek yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan adat persandingan terdiri daripada inai, beras kunyit, air mayar, bunga rampai, pulut semangat, bunga telur, kompang, bunga manggar dan pelamin. Pemaknaan yang diberikan oleh masyarakat semasa pelaksanaan adat bersanding memberi pengertian, kesucian, kesuburan, pengharapan, penerimaan dan pemakluman.
Kata kunci: Komunikasi bukan lisan; simbol; pemaknaan; adat persandingan.
TO THE QUESTION OF LEGAL RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM IN VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Nikitina E.V. , Volkova D.A. 
Published: October 2021

The steady development of information technology immerses masses of people in the virtual world. The impersonal virtual reality created by the Internet space gives a person a feeling of complete freedom, not limited by social norms and rules. The idea of absolute impunity in the virtual world leads to negative consequences that turn into real administrative misdemeanors and criminal offenses. As an example, the authors consider Internet calls for unauthorized rallies in defense of Alexei Navalny, which took place in Russia in january 2021 (the calls were distributed through the applications TikTok, Instagram, VKontakte, Telegram). The involvement of minors in various «death groups», primarily in the «Blue Whale» suicidal «game», which is implemented on the social network «Vkontakte» is also analyzed.
The problem of human behavior in the virtual world is considered in the article through the prism of the relationship between law and freedom and the peculiarities of their implementation through modern network resources in a new digital system of relations. The authors argue that the virtual space, like the real world, is in dire need of strict legal regulation. The absence of legal restrictions on freedom on the Internet by the state can lead to tragic consequences.
Simulasi Dan Pembelajaran Hukum Berlalu Lintas Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi (TIK)
Authors: Sunandar Hery , Limbong Riswan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Penggunaan kendaraan menyebabkan kerugian materi bahkan kehilangan nyawa akibat semakin banyaknya para pengguna jalan raya dan kendaraan bermotor tidak begitu mengerti dan paham makna dari rambu-rambu lalulintas dan selalu mengatasnamakan kepentingan sesaat yaitu harus cepat sampai dan tiba di tujuan yakni tempat bekerja.
Dengan adanya sistem simulasi dan pembelajaran ini, diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat untuk dapat dengan mudah belajar dan memahami segala aturan yang sesuai dengan Hukum dan Undang-undang berlalu lintas di Negara Indoensia yaitu : UU Lalu Lintas Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 sehingga kerugian materil dan jiwa bisa berkurang karena sistem ini juga dilengkapi dengan sanksi-sanksi dari setiap pelanggaran.
Luaran penelitian ini adalah aplikasi pembelajaran dan simulasi tentang hukum berlalu lintas bagi para pengguna jalan raya, serta akan menghasilkan karya tulis ilmiah dalam bentuk jurnal publikasi pada jurnal nasional tidak terakreditasi, sehingga pengguna jalan dan kendaraan bermotor mendapat informasi yang cepat, tepat dan akurat, dan dapat mengurangi kecelakaan dan pelanggaran kendaraaan bermotor di jalan raya.
Common Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls in Genitourinary Organs, With Emphasis on Immunohistochemical and Molecular Updates
Authors: Jia Liwei , Deng Fang-ming , Kong Max X. , Wu Chin-Lee , Yang Ximing J. 
Published: October 2021

Context.—
Lesions in the genitourinary (GU) organs, both benign and malignant, can demonstrate overlapping morphology, and practicing surgical pathologists should be aware of these potential pitfalls and consider a broad differential diagnosis for each specific type of lesion involving the GU organs. The following summary of the contents presented at the 6th Annual Chinese American Pathologists Association (CAPA) Diagnostic Course (October 10–11, 2020), supplemented with relevant literature review, exemplifies the common diagnostic challenges and pitfalls for mass lesions of the GU system of adults, including adrenal gland, with emphasis on immunohistochemical and molecular updates when relevant.

Objective.—
To describe the common mass lesions in the GU system of adults, including adrenal gland, with emphasis on the diagnostic challenges and pitfalls that may arise in the pathologic assessment, and to highlight immunohistochemical workups and emerging molecular findings when relevant.

Data Sources.—
The contents presented at the course and literature search comprise our data sources.

Conclusions.—
The diagnostic challenges and pitfalls that arise in the pathologic assessment of the mass lesions in the GU system of adults, including adrenal gland, are common. We summarize the contents presented at the course, supplemented with relevant literature review, and hope to provide a diagnostic framework to evaluate these lesions in routine clinical practice.
Synergistic Influence of Bio-Fertilizers, Growth Regulator and Micronutrients on Yield and Economics of Sapota cv. Kalipatti
Authors: Modi P. K. , Patel A. P. , Patel A. R. , Patel A. N. , Ahir T. R. , Bisane K. D. , Naik B. M. 
Published: October 2021

An experiment laid down to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers, growth regulator gibbralic acid (GA3) and micronutrients on yield and yield attributes of Sapota cv. Kalipatti at Fruit Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Gandevi, Gujarat. The treatments of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), i.e.100 kg FYM and 1000:500:500 g/plant NPK along with application of biofertilizers (Azospirillum + PSB), growth regulator (GA3) and micronutrients. The pooled results of 75% RDF + biofertilizers- Azospirillum + PSB @ 40 ml/tree + GA3 @ 50 ppm + Grade 4 (micronutrient @ 0.5%) were exhibited significantly higher number of fruit (2815.45), yield (20.61 t/ha)along with net return (Rs. 3,03,951/ha) and Benefit Cost Ratio (2.81). The said application enhanced fruit yield up to 43.41% over control comprising RDF only. However, significantly higher fruit weight (81.34 g) was recorded in application of 100% RDF + biofertilizers- Azospirillum + PSB @ 40ml/tree + GA3 @ 50 ppm + Grade-4 (micronutrient @ 0.5%).
Retail Format Usage: Pre-COVID-19 Benchmark Data, Pandemic Practice, and Emergent Influence
Authors: L. Stewart Barbara , Goodson Carole , Miertschin Susan 
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 brought revolutionary change in consumer retail format behavior. Pre-pandemic, multiple retail formats were available, and consumers showed evidence of preference for particular formats. Then, the disruptions caused by store closures and stay-at-home mandates altered consumer behavior substantially.
Aims of the Study: The purpose of this work is to report the results of research on consumer preferences for retail formats as a benchmark for examination of changes in consumer usage of retail formats wrought by COVID-19 and projection of emergent post-pandemic behaviors. Pre-COVID-19, variety in retail formats proliferated.
Methodology Employed: Survey methodology captured preferences, practices, and recommendations related to use of retail formats. Research questions included: a) Which retail formats do consumers prefer? b) Which digital tools do consumers use to make purchases? c) Does delivery mode and/or product type influence retail format preference? d) Does retail format influence impulse purchasing behavior? e) Do consumers mix retail formats when making product purchases? and f) What will be the implications of COVID-19 for retail format preference?
Results: Consumers reported differences in preferences for online, in-store, catalogue, and phone retail formats. Product type influenced consumer retail format preferences. Retail format influenced impulse purchase behaviors. Consumers used smart phones, laptops, desktops, tablets, email, discussion boards, social media, and social networks as purchasing tools.
Conclusions: This study investigated pre-pandemic consumer preferences and usage variables related to retail format. It provides benchmarks for examination of changes resultant from the massive retail disruptions of mandatory store closures and stay-at-home mandates. It further provides a framework for projections of emergent, post-pandemic behaviors.
Recommendations: The authors recommend further investigation of consumer retail format use during and subsequent to the height of the pandemic. Comparison of consumer usage pre- and post-pandemic can provide valuable input to retail planning.
Twenty years of tallgrass prairie restoration in northern Illinois, USA
Authors: Bach Elizabeth M. , Kleiman Bill P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEcosystem restoration projects need to measure progress toward project goals and deliver desired outcomes.This study examines longitudinal plant community data collected from permanent transects at the Nachusa Grasslands preserve in northern Illinois, USA. Managers established permanent transects for repeated plant community monitoring beginning in the mid‐1990s.Native plant communities, including rare species, have persisted, or improved with management over two decades.Planted prairies have lower proportions of native species than native prairies but have generally maintained native‐dominated communities and in some cases, increased presence of native species.Savannas have shown a distinct transition from shrub‐dense communities to herbaceous understories dominated with native species.Restoration efforts at Nachusa Grasslands have been successful at sustaining unique native plant communities through management practices like prescribed fire, brush removal and aggressive invasive species control. As a disturbance‐dependent ecosystem that has developed with human management over millennia, tallgrass prairie and savanna can thrive through restoration and active management.
Slip‐Stacked J‐Aggregate Materials for Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors
Authors: Kim Jin Hong , Schembri Tim , Bialas David , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDye–dye interactions affect the optical and electronic properties in organic semiconductor films of light harvesting and detecting optoelectronic applications. This review elaborates how to tailor these properties of organic semiconductors for organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs). While these devices rely on similar materials, the demands for their optical properties are rather different, the former requiring a broad absorption spectrum spanning from the UV over visible up to the near‐infrared region and the latter an ultra‐narrow absorption spectrum at a specific, targeted wavelength. In order to design organic semiconductors satisfying these demands, fundamental insights on the relationship of optical properties are provided depending on molecular packing arrangement and the resultant electronic coupling thereof. Based on recent advancements in the theoretical understanding of intermolecular interactions between slip‐stacked dyes, distinguishing classical J‐aggregates with predominant long‐range Coulomb coupling from charge transfer (CT)‐mediated or ‐coupled J‐aggregates, whose red‐shifts are primarily governed by short‐range orbital interactions, is suggested. Within this framework, the relationship between aggregate structure and functional properties of representative classes of dye aggregates is analyzed for the most advanced OSCs and wavelength‐selective OPDs, providing important insights into the rational design of thin‐film optoelectronic materials.