bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving memory effect correction to achieve high‐precision analysis of δ17O, δ18O, δ2H, 17O‐excess and d‐excess in water using cavity ring‐down laser spectroscopy
Authors: Vallet‐Coulomb Christine , Couapel Martine , Sonzogni Corinne 
Published: April 2021

RationaleThe precision obtained in routine isotope analysis of water (δ17O, δ18O, δ2H, 17O‐excess and d‐excess values) using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy is usually below the instrument specifications provided by the manufacturer. This study aimed at reducing this discrepancy, with particular attention paid to mitigating the memory effect (ME).MethodsWe used a Picarro L2140i analyzer coupled with a high‐precision A0211 vaporizer and an A0325 autosampler. The magnitude and duration of the ME were estimated using 24 series of 50 successive injections of samples with contrasting compositions. Four memory correction methods were compared, and the instrument performance was evaluated over a 17‐month period of routine analysis, using two different run architectures.ResultsThe ME remains detectable after the 30th injection, implying that common correction procedures only based on the last preceding sample need to be revised. We developed a new ME correction based on the composition of several successive samples, and designed a run architecture to minimize the magnitude of the ME. The standard deviation obtained from routine measurement of a quality assurance water sample over a seven‐month period was 0.015‰ for δ17O, 0.023‰ for δ18O, 0.078‰ for δ2H, 0.006‰ for 17O‐excess and 0.173‰ for d‐excess. In addition, we provided the first δ17O and 17O‐excess values for the GRESP certified reference material.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the long‐term persistence of the ME, which is often overlooked in routine analysis of natural samples. As already evidenced when measuring labelled water, it calls for consideration of the compositions of several previous samples to obtain an appropriate correction, a prerequisite to achieve high‐precision data.
Effects of Heteroatom Doping of Carbon Dots from Sugar on Optical Properties, Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Photostability, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Supjaroenpisan Monthakarn , Hanchaina Rattanavinan , Kangsamaksin Thaned , Paoprasert Peerasak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are fascinating nanomaterials with technologically relevant properties; however, the effects of heteroatom doping on several properties of CDs have not been studied. In this work, a facile method for the synthesis and heteroatom doping of carbon dots from table sugar was developed using nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid as simultaneous catalysts and dopants. The optical properties, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, photostability, and cytotoxicity of the CDs were measured and compared. L‐ascorbic acid, a well‐known antioxidant, and avobenzone and oxybenzone, common UV absorbers in sunscreens, were used for comparison. Interestingly, heteroatom doping has adverse effects on several properties of the CDs as the undoped CDs yielded the highest UV‐vis absorption, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, photostability, and biocompatibility. Only fluorescence quantum yields were improved by heteroatom doping. These findings will be crucial for choosing precursors for the synthesis of CDs because heteroatoms inherently present in precursors can have negative effects on the properties of the resulting CDs.
Scalable Single‐Crystalline Organic 1D Arrays for Image Sensor
Authors: Qiu Yuchen , Zhao Yuyan , Gao Hanfei , Zhao Yingjie , Zhang Jingyuan , Zhang Bo , Feng Jiangang , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptoelectronic applications of organic semiconductors demand single‐crystalline structures with long‐range order and suppressed defects for sustaining efficient carrier transport and long photocarrier lifetime, which are pivotal in photodetection, photovoltaic, and light emission. For integrated devices, an additional requirement of precise patterning is imposed, whereas the patterning of single‐crystalline organic microstructures is still challenging because the molecular stacking is easily perturbed by disordered fluids in microdroplets. Herein, a capillary‐bridge lithography is developed for driving the directional transport of capillary flows to control the confined crystallization of organic 1D single‐crystalline arrays with aligned positioning and pure orientation. Through tuning the concentration and pressure, the size of organic 1D arrays in three dimensions can be controlled with 2.9–5.8 µm in width and 1.2 µm to 110 nm in height. Organic 1D array photodetectors exhibit a stable performance with on/off ratio of 180 and responsivity of 4.99 mA W−1. Based on the scalable fabrication of 1D array photodetectors, 20 × 20 multiplexed image sensors with high accuracy are demonstrated for capturing the light signals of capital letter “A,” “B,” and “C.” This research will open opportunities for the large‐scale fabrication of organic single‐crystalline semiconductors toward the integrated optoelectronic modules.
Single‐Cell Sequencing Methodologies: From Transcriptome to Multi‐Dimensional Measurement
Authors: Chen Yingwen , Song Jia , Ruan Qingyu , Zeng Xi , Wu Lingling , Cai Linfeng , Wang Xuanqun , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCells are the basic building blocks of biological systems, with inherent unique molecular features and development trajectories. The study of single cells facilitates in‐depth understanding of cellular diversity, disease processes, and organization of multicellular organisms. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technologies have become essential tools for the interrogation of gene expression patterns and the dynamics of single cells, allowing cellular heterogeneity to be dissected at unprecedented resolution. Nevertheless, measuring at only transcriptome level or 1D is incomplete; the cellular heterogeneity reflects in multiple dimensions, including the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, spatial, and even temporal dimensions. Hence, integrative single cell analysis is highly desired. In addition, the way to interpret sequencing data by virtue of bioinformatic tools also exerts critical roles in revealing differential gene expression. Here, a comprehensive review that summarizes the cutting‐edge single‐cell transcriptome sequencing methodologies, including scRNA‐seq, spatial and temporal transcriptome profiling, multi‐omics sequencing and computational methods developed for scRNA‐seq data analysis is provided. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of this field are discussed.
Precocious Maturation in Spring‐Run Chinook Salmon Is Affected by Incubation Temperature, Feeding Regime, and Parentage
Authors: Winsor Stephen , Blumenshine Steve , Adelizi Paul , Bigelow Matt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSalmonid populations of the Central Valley of California have been in decline for decades, making hatchery practices that combine conservation strategies with targeted research essential to optimize recruitment to adulthood. Hatchery populations generally exhibit a higher incidence of precocious male maturation than natural populations. However, optimal hatchery management practices pertaining to incubation, feeding, and genetic predisposition have yet to be optimized to lower the incidence of precocity in hatchery‐reared male spring‐run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. To further assess this, we conducted a 2 × 2 factorial experiment exploring the effect of embryo incubation temperature (cold or warm) and post‐ponding ration (high or low) on incidence of age‐1 precocious male maturation. Fertilized eggs from each parental cross were placed among each treatment group to control for genetic variation and track any genetic predisposition. Precocity rate at year 1 was affected by incubation temperature and feed rate. There were also significant differences in growth rate and body condition among the treatment groups during early development. Additionally, the precocious males were nonrandomly produced by the crosses, suggesting a significant parentage effect on precocity. Optimization of Chinook Salmon rearing techniques is critical—not only to lessen the incidence of precocity and identify the causal parameters, but also to maximize successful reintroduction.
Z‐scores of fetal bladder size for antenatal differential diagnosis between posterior urethral valves and urethral atresia
Authors: Fontanella F. , Groen H. , Duin L. K. , Suresh S. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo construct reference values for fetal urinary bladder distension in pregnancy and use Z‐scores as a diagnostic tool to differentiate posterior urethral valves (PUV) from urethral atresia (UA).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study in healthy singleton pregnancies aimed at constructing nomograms of fetal urinary bladder diameter and volume between 15 and 35 weeks' gestation. Z‐scores of longitudinal bladder diameter (LBD) were calculated and validated in a cohort of fetuses with megacystis with ascertained postnatal or postmortem diagnosis, collected from a retrospective, multicenter study. Correlations between anatomopathological findings, based on medical examination of the infant or postmortem examination, and fetal megacystis were established. The accuracy of the Z‐scores was evaluated by receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC)‐curve analysis.ResultsNomograms of fetal urinary bladder diameter and volume were produced from three‐dimensional ultrasound volumes in 225 pregnant women between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation. A total of 1238 urinary bladder measurements were obtained. Z‐scores, derived from the fetal nomograms, were calculated in 106 cases with suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), including 76 (72%) cases with PUV, 22 (21%) cases with UA, four (4%) cases with urethral stenosis and four (4%) cases with megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome. Fetuses with PUV showed a significantly lower LBD Z‐score compared to those with UA (3.95 vs 8.83, P < 0.01). On ROC‐curve analysis, we identified 5.2 as the optimal Z‐score cut‐off to differentiate fetuses with PUV from the rest of the study population (area under the curve, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.748–0.936); P < 0.01; sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 86%).ConclusionsZ‐scores of LBD can distinguish reliably fetuses with LUTO caused by PUV from those with other subtypes of LUTO, with an optimal cut‐off of 5.2. This information should be useful for prenatal counseling and management of LUTO. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The effect of Ag, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles on the properties of the compatibilized polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend films
Authors: Ozdemir Elif , Orkan Ucar Ikrime , Akay Ramiz Gultekin , Aytac Ayse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effects of Ag, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on the mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties of the compatibilized polyethylene (PE)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends were investigated. Polyethylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) was used as the compatibilizer. The compatibilized PE/TPS blends with different NPs were prepared by melt mixing method in a laboratory scale extruder and then pressurized in the press machine. The use of ZnO NP together with the compatibilizer in PE/TPS‐based films significantly increased the tensile stress values. The use of different type NPs did not cause any significant change in the thermal stability of PE/TPS‐based films. However, the effects of NPs were observed on the TPS degradation steps. The prepared films with different NPs showed an antibacterial activity between 60% and 70%. The highest crystallinity value was obtained in Ag NP containing films, among others. According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, better distribution was observed for ZnO and Ag NPs than CuO NP. In general, it can be said that the addition of NPs to PE/TPS‐based blends significantly reduces the partial biodegradability of the resulting films.
Coastal Surveillance and Water Quality monitoring in the Rejiche Sea—Tunisia
Authors: Alibi Sana , Beltifa Asma , Hassen Wafa , Jaziri Ahlem , Soussia Lotfi , Zbidi Fairouz , Ben Mansour Hedi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine physiochemical and bacteriological properties of seawater and sediments from the coast of Tunisia during six successive months. The conductivity was measured using previously calibrated Hach Conductivity meter. Total suspended solid was determined using Whatman GF/C glass fiber filter (Sigma Aldrich), and the turbidity was assessed using a spectrophotometer (UV/Vis). The pH was measured using pH electrodes. Other physiochemical parameters were determined using Pastel UV multiparameter water analyzer (Secomam, aqualabo). Bacterial analysis was displayed by membrane filtration method, and isolates were identified to the species level by Api strips. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion methods. Total suspended solid, turbidity, adsorbable organic halogen, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand were higher than accepted norms in Tunisia. Enterococcus faecalis was detected in all the sites indicating a human fecal contamination, and all the isolates were highly resistant to rifampicin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and azithromycin. The situation in Mahdia coast is alarming particularly with the isolation of multidrug resistance strains. It is recommended that the local government provide restrict policies for the treatment and the assessment of municipal wastewater before its discharge into sea.Practitioner points

Coastal Surveillance and Water Quality monitoring in the Rejiche Sea – Tunisia is crucial.
Enterococcus faecalis was detected in sea water and sediment samples in the coast of Rejiche.
Isolated strains were highly resistant to rifampicin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and azithromycin.
Climate change impacts on precipitation and temperature in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Bhatti Ahmad Zeeshan , Farooque Aitazaz Ahsan , Krouglicof Nicholas , Peters Wayne , Acharya Bishnu , Li Qing , Ahsan M. Sheraz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo understand climate change impacts on Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, historical daily precipitation and temperature of the island was investigated between the periods: 1931–60 (1940s), 1961–90 (1970s), and 1991–2020 (2000s) in its eastern, central, and western parts. Observed climatic data were utilized, augmented by some validated modeled data of Pacific Climate Impact Consortium (PCIC) for missing years. Statistically significant warming of the island was found ranging from 1.14°C in the east to 0.75°C in the west from the 1970s to 2000s. The warming trend during the period was distributed throughout the year including winters. In the east, mean monthly temperature significantly increased in all the months except for January, March, and June. Significant increase in temperature was found solely during August (+0.80°C) in central, and for August (+0.64°C), September (+0.99°C), and October (+0.73°C) in western parts. Proportionate increase in annual minimum temperature was greater than the maximum, particularly in eastern (+1.57°C) and central (+0.75°C) parts and thus indicated moderated cold there. Over the same 30‐year period, annual precipitation increased 6 percent in the east but decreased 5 and 8 percent in the central and the western PEI, respectively. The changes in precipitation were not statistically significant, except snowfall reduction (−20%) in the west, which was a statistically significant change. Interannual precipitation variations during wet and dry years having 20 and 80 percent probabilities of exceedance, respectively, ranged 350–470 mm/year during 1991–2020. Rainfall intensities, measured by hourly data, increased from 1.15 to 2.24 mm/hr, on average in central and western parts, respectively, in 2004–17 compared to 1970s. Impacts of the rising temperatures, decreasing precipitation, and uneven and intense rainfalls patterns on water resources and rainfed agriculture need further investigations. Climate change adaptations be included in existing water policies to mitigate the impacts.
Assessing saddle‐billed stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) pair‐bonds and breeding behavior using behavior observed during multiple breeding seasons
Authors: Weibel Chelsea J. , Abreu Rebecca , Becker Kris K. , Solomon Melissa , Ferrie Gina M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that saddle‐billed storks (SBS) are housed in zoos around the world, few successful hatches have been recorded. At Disney's Animal Kingdom® we conducted observations on two pairs of SBS during multiple reproductive periods to assess the relative strength of their pair‐bonds and their reproductive success. We accomplished this through observations of rates of social behaviors, such as wing displays and aggression, rates of nest construction, time on and near the nest, and egg production. We determined that one pair was more successful than the other because it produced and incubated eggs during all breeding seasons. We found that the male from this more successful pairing displayed higher rates of nest presence, nest construction, and time on the nest than all other individuals. The more successful pairing also spent more time in close proximity than the less successful pair. During incubation, the male and female from the more successful pair spent similar amounts of time at the nest and incubating the eggs, but this pair never successfully hatched an egg during our study period. Ultimately, our results suggest that the pair‐bond between the more successful pair was stronger than that of the other pair because they spent more time in close proximity and performed higher rates of nesting behaviors. This study highlights the lack of understanding of the factors that lead to successful SBS pairings in zoos, and emphasizes the need for future studies of their nesting behavior and pair compatibility to increase reproductive success.
A closer look at CP-violating Higgs portal dark matter as a candidate for the GCE
Authors: Fraser Katherine , Parikh Aditya , Xu Weishuang Linda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A statistically significant excess of gamma rays has been reported and robustly confirmed in the Galactic Center over the past decade. Large local dark matter densities suggest that this Galactic Center Excess (GCE) may be attributable to new physics, and indeed it has been shown that this signal is well-modelled by annihilations dominantly into $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

with a WIMP-scale cross section. In this paper, we consider Majorana dark matter annihilating through a Higgs portal as a candidate source for this signal, where a large CP-violation in the Higgs coupling may serve to severely suppress scattering rates. In particular, we explore the phenomenology of two UV completions, a singlet-doublet model and a doublet-triplet model, and map out the available parameter space which can give a viable signal while respecting current experimental constraints.
Semi-classical BMS-blocks from the oscillator construction
Authors: Ammon Martin , Gray Seán , Moran Claire , Pannier Michel , Wölfl Katharina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlat-space holography requires a thorough understanding of BMS symmetry. We introduce an oscillator construction of the highest-weight representation of the$$ {\mathfrak{bms}}_3 $$bms3algebra and show that it is consistent with known results concerning the$$ {\mathfrak{bms}}_3 $$bms3module. We take advantage of this framework to prove that$$ {\mathfrak{bms}}_3 $$bms3-blocks exponentiate in the semi-classical limit, where one of the central charges is large. Within this context, we compute perturbatively heavy, and heavy-light vacuum$$ {\mathfrak{bms}}_3 $$bms3-blocks.
Reconstructing boosted Higgs jets from event image segmentation
Authors: Li Jinmian , Li Tianjun , Xu Fang-Zhou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the jet image approach, which treats the energy deposition in each calorimeter cell as the pixel intensity, the Convolutional neural network (CNN) method has been found to achieve a sizable improvement in jet tagging compared to the traditional jet substructure analysis. In this work, the Mask R-CNN framework is adopted to reconstruct Higgs jets in collider-like events, with the effects of pileup contamination taken into account. This automatic jet reconstruction method achieves higher efficiency of Higgs jet detection and higher accuracy of Higgs boson four-momentum reconstruction than traditional jet clustering and jet substructure tagging methods. Moreover, the Mask R-CNN trained on events containing a single Higgs jet is capable of detecting one or more Higgs jets in events of several different processes, without apparent degradation in reconstruction efficiency and accuracy. The outputs of the network also serve as new handles for the $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

background suppression, complementing to traditional jet substructure variables.
Disentangling QCD and new physics in D → πℓ+ℓ−
Authors: Bharucha Aoife , Boito Diogo , Méaux Cédric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we consider the decay D+ → π+ℓ+ℓ−, addressing in particular the resonance contributions as well as the relatively large contributions from the weak annihilation diagrams. For the weak annihilation diagrams we include known results from QCD factorisation at low q2 and at high q2, adapting the existing calculation for B decays in the Operator Product Expansion. The hadronic resonance contributions are obtained through a dispersion relation, modelling the spectral functions as towers of Regge-like resonances in each channel, as suggested by Shifman, imposing the partonic behaviour in the deep Euclidean. The parameters of the model are extracted using e+e− → (hadrons) and τ → (hadrons) + ντ data as well as the branching ratios for the resonant decays D+ → π+R(R → ℓ+ℓ−), with R = ρ, ω, and ϕ. We perform a thorough error analysis, and present our results for the Standard Model differential branching ratio as a function of q2. Focusing then on the observables FH and AFB, we consider the sensitivity of this channel to effects of physics beyond the Standard Model, both in a model independent way and for the case of leptoquarks.
A Weyl semimetal from AdS/CFT with flavour
Authors: Fadafan Kazem Bitaghsir , O’Bannon Andy , Rodgers Ronnie , Russell Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We construct a top-down holographic model of Weyl semimetal states using (3 + 1)-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric SU(Nc) Yang-Mills theory, at large Nc and strong coupling, coupled to a number Nf ≪ Nc of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 hypermultiplets with mass m. A U(1) subgroup of the R-symmetry acts on the hypermultiplet fermions as an axial symmetry. In the presence of a constant external axial gauge field in a spatial direction, b, we find the defining characteristic of a Weyl semi-metal: a quantum phase transition as m/b increases, from a topological state with non-zero anomalous Hall conductivity to a trivial insulator. The transition is first order. Remarkably, the anomalous Hall conductivity is independent of the hypermultiplet mass, taking the value dictated by the axial anomaly. At non-zero temperature the transition remains first order, and the anomalous Hall conductivity acquires non-trivial dependence on the hypermultiplet mass and temperature.