bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Integration of Naturally Occurring Molecules towards Universal and Smart Antibacterial Coatings
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Changping , Li Lin , Zhu Fang , Ren Xiancheng , Huang Quan , Cheng Yiyun , Li Yiwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurface‐independent smart antibacterial coatings with on‐demand antibiotics release profiles have attracted increasing attention in medical instruments, antibiotics delivery platforms, and implanted devices. Although several approaches have been well documented, the facile preparation of antibacterial coatings onto universal substrates with high antibiotics loading efficiencies, tunable drug release profiles, and excellent antibacterial performances is still met with many challenges, especially related to the redundant coating material synthesis and selective substrate fabrication process. To resolve this issue, the authors report a facile and robust fabrication method towards smart antibacterial coating surfaces on various substrates via a one‐pot integration of two types of naturally occurring building blocks, aminoglycosides and protocatechualdehyde in the presence of plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase. The simultaneous dynamic imine bonds formation and enzymatic polymerization within the system during the one‐pot reaction enable the facile fabrication of diverse surface‐independent smart antibacterial coatings, which can demonstrate several promising features including high drug loading and dynamic (i.e., pH‐responsive) properties, tunable and on‐demand antibiotics release behaviors, and efficient antibacterial activities both in vitro and in vivo. This work may offer new opportunities towards the robust and universal antibacterial coating materials by the bioinspired integration of all natural building blocks.
Breaking the Efficiency Limit of Deep‐Blue Fluorescent OLEDs Based on Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Lim Hyoungcheol , Woo Seung‐Je , Ha Yeon Hee , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriplet harvesting is important for the realization of high‐efficiency fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) is one triplet‐harvesting strategy. However, for blue‐emitting anthracene derivatives, the theoretical maximum radiative singlet‐exciton ratio generated from the TTA process is known to be 15% in addition to the initially generated singlets of 25%, which is insufficient for high‐efficiency fluorescent devices. In this study, nearly 25% of the radiative singlet‐exciton ratio is realized by TTA using an anthracene derivative, breaking the theoretical limit. As a result, efficient deep‐blue TTA fluorescent devices are developed, exhibiting external quantum efficiencies of 10.2% and 8.6% with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color coordinates of (0.134, 0.131) and (0.137, 0.076), respectively. The theoretical model provided herein explains the experimental results considering both the TTA and reverse intersystem crossing to a singlet state from higher triplet states formed by the TTA, clearly demonstrating that the radiative singlet ratio generated from TTA can reach 37.5% (total radiative singlet‐exciton ratio: 62.5%), well above 15% (total 40%), despite the molecule having S1, T2 < 2T1 < Q1 energy levels, which will lead to the development of high‐efficiency fluorescent OLEDs with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 28% if the outcoupling efficiency is 45%.
Responsive Interfacial Assemblies Based on Charge‐Transfer Interactions
Authors: Sun Shuyi , Xie Chenxia , Chen Jie , Yang Yang , Li Hui , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCharge transfer (CT) interactions have been widely used to construct supramolecular systems, such as functional nanostructures and gels. However, to date, there is no report on the generation of CT complexes at the liquid–liquid interface. Here, by using an electron‐deficient acceptor dissolved in water and an electron‐rich donor dissolved in oil, we present the in situ formation and assembly of CT complex surfactants (CTCSs) at the oil–water interface. With time, CTCSs can assemble into higher‐order nanofilms with exceptional mechanical properties, allowing the stabilization of liquids and offering the possibility to structure liquids into nonequilibrium shapes. Moreover, due to the redox‐responsiveness of the electron‐deficient acceptor, the association and dissociation of CTCSs can be reversibly manipulated in a redox process, leading to the switchable assembly and disassembly of the resultant constructs.
Boosting the Photoactivity of BiVO4 Photoanodes by a ZnCoFe‐LDH Thin Layer for Water Oxidation
Authors: Wen Xiaojiang , Fan Mengmeng , Zhao Qiang , Li Jinping , Liu Guang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has been used as an efficient photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water oxidation owing to its suitable band gap and nontoxicity. Nevertheless, the practical application of BiVO4 photoanode has been severely limited by the surface charge recombination and sluggish kinetic, which leads to the obtained photoactivity of BiVO4 is much lower than its theoretical value. In this case, ZnCoFe‐LDH thin layer is conformally decorated on the porous BiVO4 photoanode through a simple electrodeposition process. The results show that a boosted photoactivity and a remarkably enhanced photocurrent density (3.43 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE) are attained for BiVO4/ZnCoFe‐LDH. In addition, the optimized BiVO4/ZnCoFe‐LDH photoanode exhibits significant negative shift in the onset potential (0.51 VRHE to 0.21 VRHE), promotes charge separation efficiency (49.3% to 60.4% in the bulk, 29.6% to 61.9% on the surface at 1.23 VRHE) and enhanced IPCE efficiency (25.5% to 54.7% at 425 nm) compared with that of bare BiVO4 photoanode. It is demonstrated that the boosted photoactivity of BiVO4/ZnCoFe‐LDH photoanode is mainly ascribed to the synergy effects of the formation of p‐n heterojunction between ZnCoFe‐LDH and BiVO4 to accelerate the photogenerated charge transfer and separation, broaden light absorption, as well as promote the surface water oxidation kinetics.
Effects of orphan histidine kinases on clostridial sporulation progression and metabolism
Authors: Du Guangqing , Zhu Chao , Wu Youduo , Kang Wei , Xu Mengmeng , Yang Shang‐Tian , Xue Chuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolventogenesis and sporulation of clostridia are the main responsive adaptations to the acidic environment during acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation. It was hypothesized that five orphan histidine kinases (HKs) including Cac3319, Cac0323, Cac0903, Cac2730, and Cac0437 determined the cell fates between sporulation and solventogenesis. In this study, the comparative genomic analysis revealed that a mutation in cac0437 appeared to contribute to the nonsporulating feature of ATCC 55025. Hence, the individual and interactive roles of five HKs in regulating cell growth, metabolism, and sporulation were investigated. The fermentation results of mutants with different HK expression levels suggested that cac3319 and cac0437 played critical roles in regulating sporulation and acids and butanol biosynthesis. Morphological analysis revealed that cac3319 knockout abolished sporulation (Stage 0) whereas cac3319 overexpression promoted spore development (Stage VII), and cac0437 knockout initiated but blocked sporulation before Stage II, indicating the progression of sporulation was altered through engineering HKs. By combinatorial HKs knockout, the interactive effects between two different HKs were investigated. This study elucidated the regulatory roles of HKs in clostridial differentiation and demonstrated that HK engineering can be effectively used to control sporulation and enhance butanol biosynthesis.
A case of paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Kim Hong Nyun , Bae Myung Hwan , Park Bo Eun , Lee Jaehee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany types of cardiac arrhythmias can occur in people with COVID‐19, and these arrhythmias can affect the patient's outcomes. We have experienced paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block in a patient with COVID‐19 and would like to share the course of treatment.
Undifferentiated shock in a cirrhotic patient: Ascites matters
Authors: Xenou Antigoni , Vranou Eugenia , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Kyriakidou Eytyxia , Sitaridis Konstantinos , Filippidis Isaac , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn cirrhotic patients with undifferentiated shock, early CT with emphasis in ascitic fluid density should be performed to exclude rare causes of shock such as secondary peritonitis or hemoperitoneum.
A rare case of foreign body aspiration presenting as subglottic stenosis: A case report
Authors: Paudel Deepak , Dahal Raunak , Sah Bajarang Prasad , Chettri Shyam Thapa , Gajurel Pravid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn rare cases, foreign body aspiration may present with similar clinical features and CT findings to subglottic stenosis. A high index of suspicion and additional diagnostic techniques may be required to distinguish them.
AHI1 gene mutation in a consanguineous Iranian family affected by Joubert syndrome: A case report
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Mabudi Hadideh , Mohammadi‐Asl Javad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis point of detected mutation could be considered as a novel mutational hotspot point that carried in patient ancestors. Moreover, the obtained results and family history suggest a precise genetic consulting and molecular prenatal evaluation for suspect individuals with a family history of mental and physical abnormalities.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Probability of Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment for Ceftazidime‐Avibactam in Pediatric Patients Aged 3 Months and Older
Authors: Franzese Richard C. , McFadyen Lynn , Watson Kenny J. , Riccobene Todd , Carrothers Timothy J. , Vourvahis Manoli , Chan Phylinda L.S. , Raber Susan , Bradley John S. , Lovern Mark 
Published: October 2021

Increasing prevalence of infections caused by antimicrobial‐resistant gram‐negative bacteria represents a global health crisis, and while several novel therapies that target various aspects of antimicrobial resistance have been introduced in recent years, few are currently approved for children. Ceftazidime‐avibactam is a novel β‐lactam β‐lactamase inhibitor combination approved for adults and children 3 months and older with complicated intra‐abdominal infection, and complicated urinary tract infection or hospital‐acquired ventilator‐associated pneumonia (adults only in the United States) caused by susceptible gram‐negative bacteria. Extensive population pharmacokinetic (PK) data sets for ceftazidime and avibactam obtained during the adult clinical development program were used to iteratively select, modify, and validate the approved adult dosage regimen (2,000–500 mg by 2‐hour intravenous (IV) infusion every 8 hours (q8h), with adjustments for renal function). Following the completion of one phase I (NCT01893346) and two phase II ceftazidime‐avibactam studies (NCT02475733 and NCT02497781) in children, adult PK data sets were updated with pediatric PK data. This paper describes the development of updated combined adult and pediatric population PK models and their application in characterizing the population PK of ceftazidime and avibactam in children, and in dose selection for further pediatric evaluation. The updated models supported the approval of ceftazidime‐avibactam pediatric dosage regimens (all by 2‐hour IV infusion) of 50–12.5 mg/kg (maximum 2,000–500 mg) q8h for those ≥6 months to 18 years old, and 40–10 mg/kg q8h for those ≥3 to 6 months old with creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Long‐lasting implications of embryonic exposure to alcohol: Insights from zebrafish research
Authors: Cararo José Henrique , Rico Eduardo Pacheco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe harmful consumption of ethanol is associated with significant health problems and social burdens. This drug activates a complex network of reward mechanisms and habit formation learning that is supposed to contribute to the consumption of increasingly high and frequent amounts, ultimately leading to addiction. In the context of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a consequence of the harmful use of alcohol during pregnancy, which affects the embryonic development of the fetus. FAS can be easily reproduced in zebrafish by exposing the embryos to different concentrations of ethanol in water. In this regard, the aim of the present review is to discuss the late pathological implications in zebrafish exposed to ethanol at the embryonic stage, providing information in the context of human fetal alcoholic spectrum disorders. Experimental FAS in zebrafish is associated with impairments in the metabolic, morphological, neurochemical, behavioral, and cognitive domains. Many of the pathways that are affected by ethanol in zebrafish have at least one ortholog in humans, collaborating with the wider adoption of zebrafish in studies on alcohol disorders. In fact, zebrafish present validities required for the study of these conditions, which contributes to the use of this species in research, in addition to studies with rodents.
Regioselective Anomeric O‐Benzyl Deprotection in Carbohydrates
Authors: Sridhar Perali Ramu , Anjaneyulu Bandi , Rao Boddu Umamaheswara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA highly regioselective hydrogenolysis of the anomeric benzyl group is reported. The reaction involves selective acetolysis of benzyl acetals of various mono‐ and di‐saccharides using 10 % Pd/C under hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of Na2CO3. The generality of the methodology is evaluated by applying it to a number of perbenzylated/orthogonally protected benzyl glycosides.
Locoregional recurrence in skin‐sparing and nipple‐sparing mastectomies
Authors: Costeira Beatriz , da Silva Francisca B. , Oom Rodrigo , Costa Cristina , Moniz João V. , Abecasis Nuno , Santos Catarina R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin‐ and nipple‐sparing mastectomies (SSMs/NSMs) present as an alternative for patients requiring mastectomy, with better aesthetic results. We aimed to evaluate the locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate and its predictive factors.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive cases of SSM and NSM for a primary diagnosis of in situ or invasive breast cancer, at a national cancer center, from January 1st, 2013 to May 31st, 2019. The primary outcome was LRR. Secondary outcomes included LRR predictive factors, overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsThere were included 461 patients; 402 (87%) with invasive carcinoma. The median age was 46 (interquartile range [IQR]: 40–53) years. Ninety (20%) patients had locally advanced disease. LRR rate was 3.0%, with a median follow‐up time of 39 (IQR: 21–59) months. The median time to recurrence was 22 (IQR: 10–45) months. Factors independently associated with LRR were high histological grade, negative estrogen receptor status, and high Ki67 (p < 0.05). OS was 94.8% and DFS was 92.8%. LRR was associated with decreased OS.DiscussionSSM and NSM present as a safe approach to breast cancer requiring mastectomy, including selected patients with a locally advanced tumor. The associated LRR rate is 3.0%, with risk factors being high grade, negative estrogen receptor status, and high Ki67.
Numerical analysis for a class of coupled system of singularly perturbed time‐dependent convection‐diffusion equations with a discontinuous source term
Authors: Rao S. Chandra Sekhara , Chawla Sheetal , Chaturvedi Abhay Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we present a parameters‐uniform numerical method for a time‐dependent weakly coupled system of two convection‐diffusion equations that has a discontinuity, along the line in the source term. The second order term of each equation is multiplied by a small singular perturbation parameter and these parameters are assumed to be different in magnitude. On an appropriate Shishkin mesh, the considered problem is discretized using an upwind central difference scheme away from the line of discontinuity, and a particular upwind central difference scheme along the line of discontinuity. The numerical approximations produced by this scheme are uniformly convergent of first‐order in time and almost first‐order in space with respect to both perturbation parameters. Numerical results are presented to validate the theoretical results.
Clinical characteristics of people with cystic fibrosis and frequent fungal infection
Authors: Poore T. Spencer , Meier Maxene , Towler Elinor , Martiniano Stacey L. , Brinton John T. , DeBoer Emily M. , Sagel Scott D. , Wagner Brandie D. , Zemanick Edith T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and fungal airway infection may present with fungal bronchitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or may appear unaffected despite fungal detection. We sought to characterize people with CF with frequent detection of fungi from airway samples and determine clinical outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study included individuals with CF with ≥4 lower airway cultures over a 2‐year baseline period and ≥2 years of follow‐up. We defined two groups: ≤1 positive fungus culture (rare) or ≥2 positive cultures during baseline (frequent). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were determined.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2016, 294 individuals met inclusion with 62% classified as rare and 38% as frequent fungi during baseline. Median follow‐up was 6 years (range: 2–9 years). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common fungal species detected. Individuals with frequent fungi were older (13.7 vs. 11.7 years, p = .02) and more likely to have Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (35% vs. 17%, p < .001) at baseline, but did not differ in lung function or ABPA diagnosis. During follow‐up, those with frequent fungi were more likely to have chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. maltophilia. Individuals with ABPA and frequent fungi had the highest rates of co‐infection and co‐morbidities, and a trend towards more rapid lung function decline.DiscussionFungal infection in CF was associated with frequent P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia co‐infection even in those without ABPA. Individuals with frequent fungi and ABPA had worse outcomes, highlighting the potential contribution of fungi to CF pulmonary disease.
Applying Biostatistics in Medical Research
Authors: Sapra R. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA retrospective study is based on information collected in the past, say about a disease that has already occurred and the study aims to investigate its association with the risk factors or exposure, for example, studying the association between lung cancer and those who smoke. The most common example of a retrospective study is a case–control study. However, all retrospective studies are not case–control ones. Retrospective studies are relatively inexpensive, easy to perform, and require less time to draw inferences from data. Their major disadvantage is that the investigator has to depend on the available information which has been collected and maintained in the past by others and maybe incomplete or lacking in some aspects, like confounding factors.
Ethics in Genetic Research
Authors: Verma Ishwar , Arora Veronica , Verma Kusum 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe reader must be wondering about the need for this chapter in a book on pursuing academic medicine in developing countries, as the authors did when asked to write it. The foremost reason is that informing readers about ethics in a predominantly unethical world is not out of place. It is a reminder of the inherent good in man. Secondly, genetics, which was considered a luxury in developing countries has in recent years assumed importance in clinical practice. The completion of the project on the sequencing of the human genome also provided the impetus for the development of faster and cheaper sequencing technology, which came to be known as the next generation sequencing (NGS). To illustrate, the Human Genome Project (HGP) took 13 years to complete at a cost of US $2.7 billion (US contribution). It involved the sequencing of 3 billion base pairs. The same could be carried out in a few days for US 1500 in 2016 [1]. Indeed Hennekam and Bieseker (2012) have called NGS as ‘the most powerful diagnostic tool developed in medicine since the roentgenogram. Its value and utility in clinical medicine will be enormous’ [2]. Numerous perplexing disorders were unravelled by NGS, and in many patients it resulted in life-saving therapy, ushering in the era of precision medicine. Medical therapy, from a position of ‘one size, fits all’ changed to “the right size for each patient.
Crossing-symmetric twist field correlators and entanglement negativity in minimal CFTs
Authors: Ares Filiberto , Santachiara Raoul , Viti Jacopo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study conformal twist field four-point functions on a ℤN orbifold. We examine in detail the case N = 3 and analyze theories obtained by replicated N-times a minimal model with central charge c < 1. A fastly convergent expansion of the twist field correlation function in terms of sphere conformal blocks with central charge Nc is obtained by exploiting covering map techniques. We discuss extensive applications of the formalism to the entanglement of two disjoint intervals in CFT, in particular we propose a conformal block expansion for the partially transposed reduced density matrix. Finally, we refine the bounds on the structure constants of unitary CFTs determined previously by the genus two modular bootstrap.
Handlungsbedarfe und Reformoptionen nach der Bundestagswahl
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich der Bundestagswahl vom 26. September 2021 widmet sich dieses Zeitgespräch den Herausforderungen für die zukünftige Bundesregierung. Das Themenspektrum ist ähnlich vielfältig wie es die Vorstellungen der Parteien sind. Neben den Themen Digitalisierung, Dekarbonisierung sowie Aus- und Fortbildung von Fachkräften steht die Finanzpolitik im Fokus. Auch Gleichberechtigung spielt eine zentrale, im Wahlkampf häufig vernachlässigte Rolle. Welche Schritte sollte die nächste Bundesregierung tun, um den anstehenden Herausforderungen zu begegnen? Die inhaltlichen Unterschiede der Wahlprogramme von FDP und Grünen sowie mögliche Kompromisslinien werden aufgezeigt. Schließlich wird erörtert, welche Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Produktivität ergriffen werden sollten, um den Strukturwandel — hervorgerufen durch Digitalisierung und Energiewende — zu gestalten.
Gemeinschaftsdiagnose: Die Krise wird allmählich überwunden
Authors: Gornig Martin , Holtemöller Oliver , Kooths Stefan , Schmidt Torsten , Wollmershäuser Timo 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie führenden Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute senken ihre BIP-Wachstumsprognose für 2021 von 3,7 % auf 2,4 %. Dafür ist insbesondere die schwächelnde Industrieproduktion verantwortlich, die unter Lieferengpässen leidet. Die internationale Konjunktur erholt sich zwar von den Verwerfungen der Corona-Pandemie, aber nur langsam, da die Impffortschritte regional unterschiedlich sind. Die Verbraucherpreise haben sich 2021 stark erhöht.
IT-Sektor: Chancen für die deutsch-nigerianische Wirtschafts- und Entwicklungspartnerschaft
Authors: Paha Johannes , Wolter Lydia 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Entstehung und das Wachstum des größten afrikanischen Markts für Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) in Lagos beruhen auf Agglomerationseffekten und dem Zusammenspiel komplementärer Erfolgsfaktoren, die mit positiven externen Effekten behaftet sind. Notwendige Reformen, die sowohl durch nationale Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung von Marktversagen als auch durch internationale Maßnahmen der Entwicklungsarbeit implementiert werden sollen, erfordern eine Überführung des Marktes in den formellen Sektor. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, das Zusammenspiel der Erfolgsfaktoren zu zerstören. Die Chancen und Risiken dieser Aspekte für die deutsch-nigerianische Wirtschafts- und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit werden aufgezeigt.