bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of New Active Sites: Cu Substitution Enabled Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs over Calcium Hydroxyapatite for CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Jiuli , Liang Yan , Song Rui , Loh Joel Y. Y. , Kherani Nazir P. , Wang Wu , Kübel Christian , Dai Ying , Wang Lu , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCalcium hydroxyphosphate, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is commonly known as hydroxyapatite (HAP). The acidic calcium and basic phosphate/hydroxide sites in HAP can be modified via isomorphous substitution of calcium and/or hydroxide ions to enable a cornucopia of catalyzed reactions. Herein, isomorphic substitution of Ca2+ ions by Cu2+ ions especially at very low levels of exchange created new analogs of molecular surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) in CuxCa10−x(PO4)6(OH)2, thereby boosting its performance metrics in heterogeneous CO2 photocatalytic hydrogenation. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization and density functional theory calculations provided fundamental insights into the catalytically active SFLPs defined as proximal Lewis acidic Cu2+ and Lewis basic OH−. The photocatalytic pathway proceeds through a formate reaction intermediate, which is generated by the reaction of CO2 with heterolytically dissociated H2 on the SFLPs. Given the wealth of information thus uncovered, it is highly likely that this work will spur the further development of similar classes of materials, leading to the advancement and, ultimately, large‐scale application of photocatalytic CO2 reduction technologies.
2D WS2: From Vapor Phase Synthesis to Device Applications
Authors: Lan Changyong , Li Chun , Ho Johnny C. , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe discovery of graphene has triggered the research on 2D layer structured materials. Among many 2D materials, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely considered to be the most promising ones due to their excellent electrical and optoelectronic characteristics. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a kind of such TMDs with fascinating properties, such as the high carrier mobility, appropriate band gap, strong light–matter interaction with the large light absorption coefficient, very large exciton binding energy, large spin splitting, and polarized light emission. All these interesting properties can make the 2D WS2 being highly favorable for applications in memristors, light‐emitting devices, optical modulators, and many others. Here, the comprehensive review on the properties, vapor phase synthesis, electronic and optoelectronic applications of 2D WS2 is presented. This review does not only serve as a design guideline to elevate the material quality of 2D WS2 films via enhanced synthesis approaches, but also provides valuable insights to various strategies to improve their device performances. With the fast development of wafer‐scale synthesis methods and novel device structures, 2D WS2 can undoubtedly be a rising star for the next‐generation devices in the near future.
Experimental study of a liquid film flowing over a perforation
Authors: Iyer Manasa , Casalinho Joel , Seiwert Jacopo , Wattiau Mikael , Duval Hervé 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerforations are one of the recognized geometrical features that contribute to liquid redistribution in corrugated sheet packings. Our experimental study focuses on a simplified but relevant configuration: a thin liquid film flowing on either side of a vertical plate with a circular perforation. We focus on the curtain mode when the liquid fills the perforation. Confocal chromatic imaging reveals a capillary ridge upstream of the perforation, an inertial ridge downstream, and a varicose capillary wave standing on the liquid curtain. We show that the wavelength is selected such that the velocity of the wave both satisfies Taylor's dispersion relation and matches the curtain local speed. We examine the effect of perforation size, supply conditions, and liquid properties on the curtain transition. Lastly, we propose a simple model based on a momentum balance that describes the effect of these parameters on the Reynolds number at which curtain forms.
Expanding the Occurrence of Polysaccharides to the Viral World: The Case of Mimivirus
Authors: Notaro Anna , Couté Yohann , Belmudes Lucid , Laugieri Maria Elena , Salis Annalisa , Damonte Gianluca , Molinaro Antonio , Tonetti Michela G. , Abergel Chantal , De Castro Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe general perception of viruses is that they are small in terms of size and genome, and that they hijack the host machinery to glycosylate their capsid. Giant viruses subvert all these concepts: their particles are not small, and their genome is more complex than that of some bacteria. Regarding glycosylation, this concept has been already challenged by the finding that Chloroviruses have an autonomous glycosylation machinery that produces oligosaccharides similar in size to those of small viruses (6–12 units), albeit different in structure compared to the viral counterparts. We report herein that Mimivirus possesses a glycocalyx made of two different polysaccharides, now challenging the concept that all viruses coat their capsids with oligosaccharides of discrete size. This discovery contradicts the paradigm that such macromolecules are absent in viruses, blurring the boundaries between giant viruses and the cellular world and opening new avenues in the field of viral glycobiology.
A Covalent Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Superlattice Covered with Organic Functional Groups for Highly Sensitive and Selective Gas Sensing
Authors: Wen Yingyi , Wang Guan‐E , Jiang Xiaoming , Ye Xiaoliang , Li Wenhua , Xu Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid superlattices (OIHSLs) hold attractive physical and chemical properties, while the construction of single‐crystal covalent OIHSLs has not been achieved. Herein a coordination assembly strategy was proposed to create a single‐crystal covalent OIHSL PbBDT (BDT=1,4‐benzenedithiolate), where layered [PbS2] sublattice covalently connects with benzene sublattice. The covalent bonding offers better thermo‐/chemi‐stability, inter‐sublattice electron transport, and unique organic‐group‐functionalized surface, which may enable better performances in chemical applications than non‐covalent OIHSL. These features endow PbBDT with the highest sensitivity, the lowest detection limit and excellent selectivity towards NO2 at room temperature among all chemiresistive gas‐sensing materials with reported response time less than 2 min without the need of light assistance.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Markovnikov Hydroxycarbonylation and Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of Vinyl Arenes: Synthesis of 2‐Arylpropanoic Acids
Authors: Yao Ya‐Hong , Zou Xian‐Jin , Wang Yuan , Yang Hui‐Yi , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAsymmetric hydroxycarbonylation is one of the most fundamental yet challenging methods for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. Herein, we reported the development of a palladium‐catalyzed highly enantioselective Markovnikov hydroxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with CO and water. A monodentate phosphoramidite ligand L6 plays vital role in the reaction. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups, and provides a facile and atom‐economical approach to an array of 2‐arylpropanoic acids including several commonly used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The catalytic system has also enabled an asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkoxycarbonylation of vinyl arenes with alcohols to afford 2‐arylpropanates. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the hydropalladation is irreversible and is the regio‐ and enantiodetermining step, while hydrolysis/alcoholysis is probably the rate‐limiting step.
Molecular Engineering on MoS2 Enables Large Interlayers and Unlocked Basal Planes for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Shengwei , Liu Yongchang , Zhao Xudong , Cui Kaixuan , Shen Qiuyu , Li Ping , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn‐storage behaviors of MoS2‐based cathodes mainly rely on the ion‐(de)intercalation at edge sites but are limited by the inactive basal plane. Herein, an in‐situ molecular engineering strategy in terms of structure defects manufacturing and O‐doping is proposed for MoS2 (designated as D‐MoS2‐O) to unlock the inert basal plane, expand the interlayer spacing (from 6.2 to 9.6 Å), and produce abundant 1T‐phase. The tailored D‐MoS2‐O with excellent hydrophilicity and high conductivity allows the 3D Zn2+ transport along both the ab plane and c‐axis, thus achieving the exceptional high rate capability. Zn2+ diffusion through the basal plane is verified by DFT computations. As a proof of concept, the wearable quasi‐solid‐state rechargeable Zn battery employing the D‐MoS2‐O cathode operates stably even under severe bending conditions, showing great application prospects. This work opens a new window for designing high‐performance layered cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Sequential Pd0‐ and PdII‐Catalyzed Cyclizations: Enantioselective Heck and Nucleopalladation Reactions
Authors: Whyte Andrew , Bajohr Jonathan , Arora Ramon , Torelli Alexa , Lautens Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn enantioselective consecutive cyclization/coupling process, catalyzed by palladium is reported. Stereoinduction arises from an enantioselective carbopalladation, generating an intermediate which promotes a nucleopalladation step. The dual cyclization sequence was compatible with a variety of alkyne‐tethered oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐centered nucleophiles, and a variety of alkenyl‐tethered aryl iodides, to forge numerous bisheterocycles in good yields and high regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
Hind foot drumming: Myosin heavy chain muscle fiber distribution in the hind limb muscles of three African mole‐rat species (Bathyergidae)
Authors: Sahd Lauren , Doubell Narusa , Bennett Nigel C. , Kotzé Sanet H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHind foot drumming as a form of seismic signaling plays a pivotal role in the communication of various mammalian species including Bathyergidae (African mole‐rats). The aim of the present study was to histologically determine if the action of hind foot drumming would influence the number of type II fibers present in the hind limb muscles of two drumming (Georychus capensis and Bathyergus suillus) and one non‐drumming (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis) bathyergid species. Twenty‐one frozen muscles of each species were selected for the purpose of mid‐belly cryostat sections. These sections were immunohistochemically labeled for myosin heavy chain slow muscle fibers (MHCs). In addition, oxidative capacity was determined by means of histochemical staining. A high percentage of fast type II muscle fibers was found in all the functional muscle groups, although there were no statistical differences between the drumming and non‐drumming species. Bathyergus suillus had significantly fewer type II fibers in mm. semitendinosus, gluteofemoralis, tibialis cranialis, plantaris, and the medial head of m. gastrocnemius compared to the other two species. In all three species, the majority of the muscle fibers in all functional muscle groups demonstrated low oxidative capacity which correlated with the expression of type II muscle fibers. It therefore seems likely that the number of type II muscle fibers in the hind limb muscles of the Bathyergidae species studied here is more influenced by either body size or digging strategy rather than being an adaptation for hind foot drumming.
Metalated Porous Phenanthroline‐Based Polymers as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Regioselective C−H Activation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Tang Yongquan , Dai Zhifeng , Wang Sai , Chen Fang , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDirect C−H bond activation of heterocycles as a step‐economical and environmentally friendly approach to build the heterobiaryls motifs is highly attractive, but it still has a challenge to design and prepare a cheap and regioselective heterogeneous catalyst. To tackle this challenge, we have introduced Ni species into a porous phenanthroline‐based organic polymer donated as POP‐Phen@Ni. This heterogeneous catalyst shows excellent catalytic performances in regioselective C−H activation of heterocycles, even better than those of the corresponding homogenous catalyst. H/D exchange experiments show that the lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS), a base added in the reaction, play a very important role during the reaction processes. We believe that this heterogeneous catalyst would open a new door for design of heterogeneous catalysts to efficiently catalyze the regioselective C−H activation of heterocycles.
Strengthening the CAR‐T cell therapeutic application using CRISPR/Cas9 technology
Authors: Sadeqi Nezhad Muhammad , Yazdanifar Mahboubeh , Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh Meghdad , Sattari Arash , Seifalian Alexander , Bagheri Nader 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdoptive cell immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell has brought a revolutionary means of treatment for aggressive diseases such as hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Over the last decade, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved five types of CAR‐T cell therapies for hematologic malignancies, including Idecabtagene vicleucel (Abecma), Lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi), Brexucabtagene autoleucel (Tecartus), Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah), and Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta). Despite outstanding results gained from different clinical trials, CAR‐T cell therapy is not free from side effects and toxicities, and needs careful investigations and improvements. Gene‐editing technology, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, has emerged as a promising tool to address some of the CAR‐T therapy hurdles. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, CAR expression as well as other cellular pathways can be modified in various ways to enhance CAR‐T cells antitumor function and persistence in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. CRISPR/Cas9 technology can also be used to decrease CAR‐T cell toxicities and side effects. Hereby, we discussed the practical challenges and hurdles related to the accuracy, efficiency, efficacy, safety, and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to the genetically engineered‐T cells. Combining of these two state‐of‐the‐art technologies, CRISPR/Cas9 and CAR‐T cells, the field of oncology has an extraordinary opportunity to enter a new era of immunotherapy, which offers novel therapeutic options for different types of tumors.
Development and validation of a nomogram based on stromal score to predict progression‐free survival of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Tang Jiajia , Jiang Shitao , Gao Qiong , Xi Xuehua , Gao Luying , Zhao Ruina , Lai Xingjian , Zhang Bo , Jiang Yuxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence has proved that stromal cells, as the critical component of tumor microenvironment (TME), are closely associated with tumor's progression. However, the model based on stromal score to predict progression‐free survival (PFS) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been developed. The study aimed at exploring the relation between stromal score and prognosis, then establishing a nomogram to predict PFS of patients with PTC.MethodWe obtained the stromal score and clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox regression analysis assisted in selecting prognosis‐related factors. A stromal score‐based nomogram was built and verified in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curve, concordance index (C‐index), decision curve analysis (DCA) as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assisted in measuring the performance exhibited by the nomogram.ResultsWe divided 381 PTC patients into the training cohort (n = 269) and the validation cohort (n = 112) randomly. Compared with patients who had a low stromal score, patients with a high stromal score appeared with significantly better PFS [Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.294, 0.130–0.664]. The C‐index of the PFS nomogram was 0.764 (0.662–0.866) in the training cohort and 0.717 (0.603–0.831) in the validation cohort. The calibration curves for PFS prediction in the nomogram were remarkably consistent with the actual observation. DCA indicated superior performance of the nomogram to predict PFS than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system. The ROC curves showed the favorable sensitivity and specificity of the novel nomogram.ConclusionHigh stromal score was significantly associated with improved PFS in patients with PTC. The nomogram based on the stromal score and clinicopathological patterns yielded a reliable performance to predict the prognosis of PTC.
Establishment of patient‐derived organotypic tumor spheroid models for tumor microenvironment modeling
Authors: Hong Hye Kyung , Yun Nak Hyeon , Jeong Ye‐Lin , Park Jeehun , Doh Junsang , Lee Woo Yong , Cho Yong Beom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatient‐derived cancer models that reconstitute the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment may facilitate efforts in precision immune‐oncology and the discovery of effective anticancer therapies. Organoids that have recently emerged as robust preclinical models typically contain tumor epithelial cells and lack the native tumor immune microenvironment. A patient‐derived organotypic tumor spheroid (PDOTS) is a novel and innovative ex vivo system that retains key features of the native tumor immune microenvironment. Here, we established and characterized a series of colorectal cancer PDOTS models for use as a preclinical platform for testing effective immunotherapy and its combinations with other drugs. Partially dissociated (> 100 μm in diameter) tumor tissues were embedded in Matrigel‐containing organoid media and subsequently formed into organoid structures within 3 to 7 days of culture. The success rate of growing PDOTS from fresh tissues was ~86%. Morphological analysis showed that the PDOTSs varied in size and structure. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis revealed that the PDOTSs retained autologous tumor‐infiltrating lymphoid cells and tumor‐infiltrating lymphoid cells were continually decreased through serial passages. Notably, PDOTSs from tumors from a high‐level microsatellite instability‐harboring patient were sensitive to anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. Our results demonstrate that the PDOTS model in which the tumor immune microenvironment is preserved may represent an advantageous ex vivo system to develop effective immune therapeutics.
‘If I am not well, I can’t do sessions well’: An analysis of the narratives of Filipino Therapists during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Ledesma Dana Angelica S. , Fernandez Karina Therese G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch is uncovering the repercussions of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental and emotional state of various populations around the world. It is of particular interest to this study to explore how the pandemic has affected psychologists conducting therapy with clients in distress during this time. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the narratives of eight Filipino psychologists who were living in community quarantine while conducting therapy from March to December 2020. The results revealed four chapters: (1) ‘thrown up in the air’, (2) struggling to find their footing, (3) gaining stability and (4) ‘finding new rhythm’. It was found that these psychologists suffered the emotional distress from the pandemic that many are experiencing around the world. They needed to first regain stability in their well‐being before being able to become effective helpers to their clients again. Moreover, they eventually found new purpose and growth in their practice. This study documented and discussed the journey of therapists in a shared traumatic reality, from first exposure to growth.
Coronary microcirculation assessment using functional angiography: Development of a wire‐free method applicable to conventional coronary angiograms
Authors: Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Lee Joo Myung , Choi Ki‐Hong , Lee Seung‐Hun , Wang Lin , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Escaned Javier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to develop a novel wire‐ and adenosine‐free microcirculatory resistive index from functional angiography (angio‐IMR) to estimate coronary microcirculatory resistance, and to investigate how this method can improve clinical interpretation of physiological stenosis assessment with quantitative flow ratio (QFR).BackgroundHyperemic index of coronary microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is a widely used tool to assess microcirculatory dysfunction. However, the need of dedicated intracoronary wire and hyperemia limits its adoption in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed our study in two separate stages: (1) development of a formula (angio‐IMR) to estimate IMR from resting angiograms and aortic pressure (Pa), and (2) validation of the method in a clinical population using invasively measured IMR as reference. Additionally, QFR diagnostic performance was assessed considering angio‐IMR values.ResultsWe developed the formula: angio‐IMR = (Pa–[0.1*Pa])*QFR*e‐Tmn (where e‐Tmn is an estimation of hyperaemic mean transit time) and validated it in 115 vessels (104 patients). Angio‐IMR correlated well with IMR (Spearman's rho = 0.70, p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy and area under the curve of angio‐IMR to predict IMR were 87.5% (73.2–95.8), 85.3% (75.3–92.4), 76.1% (64.5–84.8), 92.8% (84.9–96.7), 85% and 0.90 (0.83–0.95), respectively. False positive QFR measurements decreased from 19.5% to 8.5% when angio‐IMR was incorporated into the QFR interpretation workflow.ConclusionsEstimation of IMR without physiology wire and adenosine is feasible. Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction causing high IMR can be ruled‐out with high confidence in vessels with low angio‐IMR. Awareness of angio‐IMR contributes to a better clinical interpretation of functional stenosis assessment with QFR.
Effect of Infrared Oxide Catalysts on Water Splitting for Green Energy
Authors: Mathew Sobin , Kim Chan Yang , Kim Min‐Kyun , Kim Kyung Chun , Chung Won Sub , Cho Young‐Rae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo achieve an efficient conversion of renewable energy sources through water splitting, low‐cost, efficient, and eco‐friendly catalysts are required for oxygen and hydrogen evolution. Herein, we demonstrate that infrared (IR) irradiating oxide catalysts improve the evolution efficiency of H2 and O2 gases by approximately 3.4 times that of the conventional method. This indicates that the IR oxide catalysts contribute to lowering the energy required to break the interatomic covalent bonds in the water molecule (H2O) through stretching and bending vibrations, thus facilitating the efficient evolution of H2 and O2 gases. A comparison between the IR oxide catalysts and a catalyst‐free 6 M KOH solution showed that the former requires a shorter duration (11 min) compared to the 37 min required by the catalyst‐free 6 M KOH solution for the evolution of 500 cc of O2 and H2 gases. For the system containing the IR oxide catalyst, the power consumption was 6 Wh for 1 L of H2 gas evolution, whereas the catalyst‐free system consumed 23 Wh of power. This four‐times lower power consumption, using the IR oxide catalyst indicates a promising method for the mass production of O2 and H2 gases. These results indicate that IR oxides can be used as an efficient and eco‐friendly thermal radiation catalyst for green hydrogen and renewable energy applications.