bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of sarcopenia on outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Trinder Matthew W. , Clifford Matthew , Jones Aimee Lee , Shepherd Talia , Jacob Abraham O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSarcopenia is an independent predictor of poor post‐operative outcomes following major surgery. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are chronic inflammatory conditions involving the gastrointestinal system. Evidence demonstrates that up to 60% of patients with IBD have sarcopenia. Despite advances in medical management, more than 15% of patients with UC and 80% with CD eventually require surgical intervention. The primary aim of the study was to assess the impact of sarcopenia on post‐operative anastomotic leak rates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients at Royal Perth Hospital who underwent major abdominal surgery for management of IBD between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. Sarcopenia was assessed according to the skeletal muscle index at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae using the cut off 52.4 and 38.5 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively.ResultsA total of 147 patients were included. The prevalence of sarcopenia within the study population was 36.1%. Patients with sarcopenia were significantly taller (P = 0.025) and were more likely to be on pre‐operative steroid medications (P = 0.045). There was no difference in the remaining baseline characteristics between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients. Patients with sarcopenia were more likely to develop a post‐operative anastomotic leak (OR:11.303, 95% CI, 1.53–83.51, P = 0.017), grade IV complications (OR:6.79, 95%CI:1.1–43.6, P = 0.044) and require total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (OR:3.212, 95% CI:1.3–8.1, P = 0.013).ConclusionsSarcopenia significantly increases the risk of major post‐operative complications for patients with IBD undergoing colorectal surgery.
Evaluation of readability and reliability of online patient information for intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Patel Cheerag Bharatbhai , Kerr Neal , Ahmadi Omid , Muthu Thirayan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntracranial aneurysms are common. Receiving this diagnosis can have a profound impact on patients and their families and this is compounded by the nuanced complexities around their management. An overwhelming majority of patients research health information using the internet. Patient‐centred care and informed consent requires patients to have access to information that is readable and reliable. The aim of this study was to assess the readability and reliability of online health information about intracranial aneurysms.MethodA Google search was conducted using the terms ‘brain aneurysm’, ‘cerebral aneurysm’, and ‘intracranial aneurysm’ and the first 75 websites were screened for assessment. The readability of each website was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score (FRE), the Flesch–Kincaid grade level (FKGL), the gunning fog index (GFI) and the simple measure of gobbledygook (SMOG) indices. Reliability was assessed using the DISCERN instrument and the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria (JAMA).ResultsFollowing exclusion, 36 websites were analyzed. The websites collectively scored as ‘difficult’ readability and ‘poor’ reliability on average. Statistically significant differences in readability were observed between websites categorized as patient health information and commercial compared with academic and physician. Differences in readability were also observed between search results of ‘brain aneurysm’ compared with ‘intracranial aneurysm’.ConclusionThe readability and reliability of online health information about intracranial aneurysms is suboptimal. Health professionals must ensure their patients are well informed which includes directing them to high quality resources which are readable and reliable and use layperson‐oriented language during the consultation.
Tissue engineered endothelial keratoplasty in rabbit: tips and tricks
Authors: Crouzet Emmanuel , He Zhiguo , Ben Moussa Olfa , Mentek Marielle , Isard Pierre‐Francois , Peyret Benjamin , Forest Fabien , Gain Philippe , Koizumi Noriko , Okumura Naoki , Thuret Gilles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report a detailed surgical procedure of tissue engineered endothelial keratoplasty (TEEK) in a rabbit model and its postoperative evaluation.MethodsTEEKs were prepared 7 days before transplantation by seeding human or rabbit corneal endothelial cells on either femtosecond laser‐cut ultrathin human stromal lamellae (fs‐UTSL) or femtosecond laser‐cut human anterior lens capsule (fs‐HALC). Thirty transplantations were performed on aphakic eyes. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) was used throughout the surgery. The native endothelium was removed by full‐surface scraping and central descemetorhexis. The transplantation was performed as a human Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Controls included Descemetorhexis only and transplantation of carrier alone. Postoperative follow‐up was performed by slit lamp and optical coherence tomography, followed by histology.ResultsControls remained oedematous. No fibrin occurred during surgery. All but three TEEKs adhered immediately. One/6 fs‐UTSL and 9/16 fs‐HALC cleared perfectly (p = 0.161). All failures could be explained by at least one of the following causes intraoperative bleeding, vitreous prolapsus, early partial detachment, postoperative irido corneal synechiea/angle closure. Presumed immune rejection was observed in three rabbits only after 4 weeks. Immunostaining with anti‐human CD166 allowed to perfectly differentiate human cells from rabbit cells. In successful TEEK at 3 or 4 weeks, human cells formed a normal endothelium and started migrating outside the carrier.ConclusionThough the transplantation of a TEEK in rabbits is a complex model with many causes of failure, established procedure including use of rTPA allows reliable preclinical study. In addition, we suggest that fs‐HALC might be a potential carrier for TEEK.
Teaching psychiatry in a low‐income country during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A hybrid collaborative psychiatry course
Authors: Virani Sanya , Handuleh Jibril I. M. , Pereira‐Sanchez Victor , Wolde‐Giorgis Daniel Fekadu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmoud University in Borama is located in the self‐declared state of Somaliland, in the Horn of Africa. Past conflicts and resulting economic hardship have led to a lack of local academic psychiatry faculty and resources. Amoud has been for some years partnering with voluntary faculty in the United Kingdom to teach psychiatry to its medical students through in‐person “teaching missions.” This was recently led by a Borama‐native psychiatry resident in Ethiopia. COVID‐19 added further hardships due to restrictions to travel and in‐person gatherings. These challenges also created the opportunity for the development of an innovative, international, hybrid (online onsite), self‐sustaining partnership model which has been successful in improving psychiatry teaching for undergraduate students in 2020–2021 and will continue in 2021–2022. An international, ‘online‐connected’ department of psychiatry comprising a primary care physician in Somaliland, three postgraduate trainees in Ethiopia and the United States, and three senior psychiatrists in the United Kingdom developed a local faculty‐led, hybrid‐delivered, dynamic curriculum (bedside teaching, in person and online lecturing) that adapted to the needs, resources, faith and culture of Somaliland. While 2020–2021 has been the pilot year for the program, the overall experience has been enriching for students and faculty, leading to valuable cross‐cultural conversations with impact on teaching and research. While learning about Somalilanders' and trauma, the program leads, also the authors of this article, have identified ways to harness the resilience and faith of students to bring about improvements in global mental health.
Romanian psychiatric residents' opinions on factors that influence their decision to emigrate: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Mihai Adriana , Trandafir Silvia Maria , Duica Lavinia , Mihai Alex , Lungu Cosmin , Pirlog Mihail Cristian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the situation of migration of psychiatrists from Romania and a prioritization exercise of main factors related with psychiatric residents' decision to emigrate could be a starting point of elaboration of a strategy of reforms. Important changes have been done in economic status of residents in 2018. The impact of these measures in changing opinions was checked.MethodsThis is a cross sectional evaluation study on a randomized selected sample of Romanian psychiatric residents' opinions on factors that influence decision of migration in EU countries in two time points, 2015 and 2020.ResultsThirty‐eight percent of residents intend to work abroad comparing with 78% before the economic changes (25.8% vs. 71.7% for a limited period of time and 15.7% vs. 28.3% intend to emigrate) and 2% vs. 5% intend to leave the specialty. The important factors for decision to emigrate changed from “Better working conditions” (15.7% vs. 37.3% residents) to “Better training”; the factor “respect and appreciation by colleagues” remained important for 19.1% versus 17.9%. “Lack of working place for partner” was considered by 26.7% of responders as an important disadvantage of working abroad. “Being far from family members”, which was considered 5 years ago by 64.2% of responders as an important disadvantage of working abroad, nowadays concerns only 6.7%, probably because it seems easier to go abroad together with the family members.ConclusionsThe factors (better training in psychiatry and psychotherapy, better supervision, more involvement in research) that influence the residents' decision to emigrate represent the starting points for future reforms in educational and medical system in psychiatry.
Phasing the history of ancient buildings through PCA on mortars’ mineralogical profiles: the example of the Sarno Baths (Pompeii)
Authors: Dilaria Simone , Previato Caterina , Secco Michele , Busana Maria Stella , Bonetto Jacopo , Cappellato Jessica , Ricci Giulia , Artioli Gilberto , Tan Ping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA total of 83 wall joint mortar samples collected from the Sarno Baths complex in Pompeii (Naples, Italy) were analysed by optical microscopy (OM) and X‐ray powder diffraction‐quantitative phase analysis (XRPD‐QPA) in order to scan the ancient construction phases and modern restorations to which the building was subject. The major issue to overcome in the research depended on the fact that the most part of the analysed mortars was taken from undated structures, while only 35 were collected from dated ones. In order to observe correlations in sample distribution which could reflect ancient building phases and modern restorations, we then processed XRPD‐QPA data of the mortars through principal component analysis (PCA). A rational subdivision of the full dataset into a smaller one before performing PCA was a useful step for a proper enucleation of coherent groups. The presence in most of the resulting groups of dated samples also allowed us to place in a precise timeframe the undated ones. This study demonstrates that our approach, integrating the traditional archaeological analysis with archaeometrical methods and statistics, could be adopted as a tool with which to frame the constructive episodes in other ancient buildings in Pompeii as well as at other archaeological sites.
Starch grain analysis of two different types of grinding stones from the Neolithic Shuangdun site (ca. 7.3–6.8 ka BP) in eastern China
Authors: Yang Yuzhang , Yao Ling , Zhang Dong , Liao Jingwen , Kan Xuhang , Zhang Juzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo different types of grinding stones, grinding slabs and rollers, as well as mortars and pestles from the Shuangdun site (ca. 7.3–6.8 ka BP) in the middle Huai River region, were subjected to starch grain analysis to investigate the evolution of plant food processing tools during the transition period from a gathering–fishing–hunting economy to farming. The results suggest that both types of grinding stones were used to process various plant species, including Triticeae, Job's tears (Coix lacryma‐jobi), lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera), and bean (Vigna spp.). However, starch grains of rice (Oryza sativa) were only discovered from mortar and pestle tools, indicating that mortars and pestles might have become a fixed combination tool for rice processing. Damage characteristics analysis for different kinds of starches indicated that mortars and pestles were also used for grinding plant foods besides dehusking rice, whereas some roughly made slabs no longer had a grinding function and were used only for pounding some specific plant foods. The functional degeneration of grinding slabs coincides with the rise of farming in Neolithic China around 7,000 BP. This study provides new evidence for understanding the evolution of prehistoric human plant food processing tools in Neolithic Eastern China.
Non‐GAAP Earnings Disclosure Trends in New Zealand
Authors: Carvajal Mariela , Lont David H. , Scott Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐generally accepted accounting practice (non‐GAAP) earnings provoke mixed opinions on their usefulness. We provide evidence over a 15‐year period that captures changes to accounting standards, economic conditions and regulatory guidance notes on non‐GAAP earnings. First, many firms do not use non‐GAAP earnings measures, with its popularity peaking at almost 59% in 2012 compared to below 33% in 2004, before decreasing to under 48% by 2018. The most common adjustments are tax, interest and depreciation, consistent with the preference for operating performance metrics. We document an improvement in the frequency of ‘Unknown’ adjustments (those that cannot be reconciled), reaching 32% in 2007, but it was not until 2013 that a significant improvement occurred. As this coincides with the timing of a Financial Markets Authority (FMA) guidance note requiring non‐GAAP earnings reconciliations, implying greater disclosure transparency needs clear regulatory guidelines. Second, we find an elevated use of asset impairment, restructuring and fair value adjustments around the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), which suggests managers perceive GAAP earnings have to be supplemented during major economic shocks.
Questioning the Ability of the Discussion Paper Business Combinations under Common Control in Improving Decision Usefulness
Authors: El Barnoussi Aziz , van Beest Ferdy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper makes a number of observations on the International Accounting Standards Board's Discussion Paper DP/2020/2 Business Combinations under Common Control. We address issues associated with the approach for applying acquisition accounting and discuss the practicality of the proposed criteria. We question the ability of this new DP to contribute to either decision usefulness or comparability in the presence of non‐controlling shareholders. We also address issues related to cost–benefit considerations and (unintended) earnings management opportunities, and propose some adjustments to properly reflect economic substance.
On Sanders, Trump, and rhinoceroses: Quantifying subjective construals helps predict political attitudes
Authors: Ponizovskiy Vladimir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeople with different worldviews may have different interpretations for the same object. Freedom fighters for some are terrorists for others; immigrants can be seen as a threat or being threatened. To incorporate differences in interpretations into quantitative models, I propose the construct of value‐instantiating beliefs, or perceived consequences of actions for basic human values. I hypothesize that these beliefs moderate the relationship between personal values and attitudes. In a preregistered mixed‐methods study (N = 2038) I assess personal value priorities, attitudes, and perceived consequences of four political behaviours. Beliefs about consequences of the behaviours differed with political affiliation: for example, liberals saw voting for Trump in light of negative consequences for universalistic values, while conservatives stressed positive consequences for self‐direction and security. The moderation hypothesis was confirmed. Including value‐instantiating beliefs in the models significantly improved the predictions of attitudes towards and intentions to perform the behaviours.
An aging‐related signature predicts favorable outcome and immunogenicity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Li Yuting , Lyu Juncheng , Shi Fuyan , Kong Yujia , Sheng Chao , Wang Suzhen , Wang Qinghua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAging has been demonstrated to play vital roles in the prognosis and treatment efficacy of cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This novel study aimed to construct an aging‐related risk signature to evaluate the prognosis and immunogenicity of LUAD. Transcriptomic profiles and clinical information were collected from a total of 2518 LUAD patients from 12 independent cohorts. The risk signature was developed by combining specific gene expression with the corresponding regression coefficients. One cohort treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) was also used. Subsequently, a risk signature was developed based on 21 aging‐related genes. LUAD patients with low‐risk scores exhibited improved survival outcomes in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Further immunology analysis revealed elevated lymphocyte infiltration, decreased infiltration of immune‐suppressive cells, immune response‐related pathways, and favorable ICI predictor enrichment in the low‐risk subgroup. Genomic mutation exploration indicated the enhanced mutation burden and higher mutation rates in significantly driver genes of TP53, KEAP1, SMARCA4, and RBM10 were enriched in patients with a low‐risk signature. In the immunotherapeutic cohort, it was observed that low‐risk aging scores were markedly associated with prolonged ICI prognosis. Overall, the estimated aging signature proved capable of evaluating the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunogenicity, which further provided clues for tailoring prognosis prediction and immunotherapy strategies, apart from promoting individualized treatment plans for LUAD patients.
Overcoming Barriers to Including Agricultural Workers in the Co‐Design of New AgTech: Lessons from a COVID‐19‐Present World
Authors: Burch Karly Ann , Legun Katharine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollaborative design (co‐design) is a design strategy for generating relevant and socially acceptable technologies, and is inherently political by nature of its inclusion of particular groups and interests. This paper explores how to ethically and responsibly prepare for, notice and overcome barriers to including agricultural workers in the co‐design of new agricultural technologies. Drawing from feminist science and technology studies (STS), we offer response‐able mattering as an analytic tool to explore how the COVID‐19 pandemic caused and illuminated existing barriers to inclusion within an Aotearoa New Zealand‐based co‐design project. We argue that addressing barriers to inclusion requires prioritizing relationships and relationship building in technology design projects. This prioritization must account for a multiplicity of relationship building tempos (e.g., the time/pace necessary to ethically establish and maintain research relationships), temporal tensions (e.g., the pace of technology development versus the ability to meaningfully include collaborators), and un/intended relational cuts (e.g., boundaries or barriers affecting relationship building).
Investigating constraints on direct seeding for native revegetation in the Tasmanian Midlands
Authors: Bailey Tanya G. , Harrison Peter A. , Hanusch Yolanda , Ranyard Claire , Hooghkirk Charles , J. Davidson Neil , Pinkard Elizabeth A. , Potts Brad M. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDirect‐seeding trials in Tasmania tested the effectiveness of five treatments: a clear polymer film removed at three time intervals; insecticide; wetting agent; irrigation; and caging to exclude all mammal herbivores. The most effective treatment in improving early establishment of 15 native species across 2 years and at five sites was the application of the insecticide Bifenthrin to reduce seed predation by ants. The polymer film removed after 10 weeks also improved germination of a range of shrubby but not tree species. However, these early advantages were eroded over time at the first trial site due to damage from herbivores and at subsequent sites due to weed competition and mortality of seedlings over summer. Caging was beneficial to the ongoing persistence of tree and shrub species but also protected weeds. Further work on seed testing and timely weed control is needed.
The association between anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody level and clinical improvement in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Marcuse Florit , Brandts Lloyd , Moens Daan , Damoiseaux Jan , Hochstenbag Monique , Hoeijmakers Janneke G. J. , Maessen Jos G. , De Baets Marc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAnti‐acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies (ab) in the serum are detected in most patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) and used as a diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to analyse a possible association between anti‐AChR‐ab serum levels and clinical improvement of MG.MethodsThe Maastricht University Medical Center is a centre of expertise for the treatment of MG. Between 1997 and 2020, more than 4000 anti‐AChR‐ab blood samples were measured for clinical care using a quantitative radioimmunoassay technique. These results, in combination with clinical status obtained from the patients’ electronic patient files, were retrospectively analysed by a single blinded clinician. Symptoms of MG were classified using the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) scale.ResultsIn total, 90 anti‐AChR‐ab‐positive MG patients with 837 blood samples were included. The median follow‐up time was 72 months. The majority of the included patients were women (61.1%), were on immunosuppressive drug therapy (88.9%), and underwent a thymectomy (54.4%). Multilevel logistic regression analysis showed a significantly inverse association between change in anti‐AChR‐ab level and the odds of MGFA improvement (per 10% decrease of anti‐AChR‐ab level: odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.31; p < 0.001).ConclusionsA change in anti‐AChR‐ab serum level is associated with clinical status in patients with MG. Analyses of anti‐AChR‐ab are not only useful for diagnostics but also in follow‐up of adult symptomatic patients with MG. The use of repetitive anti‐AChR‐ab serum levels might be valuable in long‐term monitoring for clinical improvement in patients with MG, however, further research is required for specific recommendations.