bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight teasing experienced during adolescence and young adulthood: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations with disordered eating behaviors in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample
Authors: Hooper Laura , Puhl Rebecca , Eisenberg Marla E. , Crow Scott , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between weight teasing and disordered eating in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people and examined these relationships across sociodemographic characteristics.MethodThe EAT 2010–2018 study surveyed adolescents (n = 1,534) in the Minneapolis/St. Paul public schools (mean age = 14.4 years) and 8 years later (mean age = 22.2 years).ResultsWeight teasing was prevalent in adolescence (34.1%) and young adulthood (41.5%). In analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index, weight teasing was cross‐sectionally associated with a higher prevalence of all disordered eating behaviors during both adolescence and young adulthood. For example, 64.5% of young adults who reported being teased about their weight engaged in unhealthy weight control behaviors, compared with 47.9% among those not teased (p < .001). There were fewer observed associations in longitudinal analyses, although weight teasing still predicted prevalent overeating and both prevalent and incident dieting (incident dieting—teased: 48.4% vs. not teased: 38.0%, p = .016). Weight teasing and disordered eating were more prevalent among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) young people and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and the relationship between weight teasing and disordered eating was similar across ethnic/racial, socioeconomic, and gender demographic groups.DiscussionResults indicate that weight teasing is strongly correlated with disordered eating in both adolescence and young adulthood regardless of ethnicity/race, socioeconomic status, or gender. Finding suggest that future research and policy interventions should address weight stigma and prioritize the needs of BIPOC young people and young people from low socioeconomic backgrounds.
Switchable Mesomeric Betaines Derived from Pyridinium‐Phenolates and Bis(thienyl)ethane
Authors: Nagorny Sven , Lederle Felix , Udachin Viktor , Weingartz Thea , Hübner Eike G. , Dahle Sebastian , Maus‐Friedrichs Wolfgang , Adams Jörg , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSyntheses of push–pull substituted non‐symmetric bis(thienyl)ethenes (BTEs) possessing a central perfluorocyclopentene core are described. The substituent effects of anisole, phenole, and phenolate as well as pyridine, pyridinium, and N‐methylpyridinium substituents, joined through their 3‐ or 4‐positions to the central BTE core, respectively, cover the range from very strongly electron‐donating [σ(4‐phenolate)=−1.00] to extremely strongly electron‐withdrawing [σ(pyridinium‐4‐yl)=+2.57] in the title mesomeric betaines. The different isomers possessing 4‐yl/4‐yl, 4‐yl/3‐yl and 3‐yl/3‐yl substituents represent different combinations of conjugated and cross‐conjugated partial structures and cause different spectroscopic properties. In addition, through‐space conjugation between the 2‐ and 2′‐position of the thiophenes can be observed which circumvents the charge‐separation of through‐bond cross‐conjugation. The BTE possessing the push–pull chromophore consisting of 3‐anisole and 4‐pyridinium substituents (24) displays the best extinction coefficients within the series of compounds described here (ϵ=33.8/15.7 L/mol ⋅ cm), while the mesomeric betaine possessing an N‐methylpyridinium‐4‐yl and a 4‐phenolate substituent (29) displays considerable bathochromic shifts to λmax=724 nm in its closed form.
Manganese‐Promoted Regioselective DirectC3‐Phosphinoylation of 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Kittikool Tanakorn , Phakdeeyothin Kunita , Chantarojsiri Teera , Yotphan Sirilata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA highly efficient and regioselective manganese‐induced radical oxidative direct C−P bond formation between 2‐pyridones and secondary phosphine oxides was developed. TheC3‐selective phosphinoylation was conveniently achieved through a combination of substoichiometric manganese and persulfate oxidant under mild conditions. Various 3‐phosphinoylated pyridone products can be obtained in moderate to high yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction is likely to involve a radical pathway induced by catalytically active Mn3+species.
Functionalized 5‐Amino‐4‐cyanoxazoles, their Hetero‐ and Macrocyclic Derivatives: Preparation and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Merzhyievskyi Danylo O. , Shablykin Oleh V. , Shablykina Olga V. , Kozytskiy Andriy V. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Moskvina Viktoriia S. , Brovarets Volodymyr S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn approach to a series of new 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoxazoles is described. Synthesis of the title compounds relied on a two‐step sequence including heterocyclization of 2‐amido‐3,3‐dichloroacrylonitriles with aliphatic secondary amines (dimethylamine, morpholine), primary aliphatic amines with active functional groups (2‐aminoethanol and glycine ethyl ester), and aniline. An efficient and straightforward protocol introduces a carboxylate group at the C‐2 position of 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoxazoles, connected to the heterocycle directly or through an aliphatic linker. This carboxylic group is an attractive motif that can be found in a variety of drug‐relevant compounds and also used for further modifications. Furthermore, efficient transformations of selected trisubstituted compounds were used to demonstrate their rich synthetic potential – e. g., as precursors to 2‐(4‐cyano‐5‐(dimethylamino)oxazol‐2‐yl)acetamides, oxazole‐containing macrocyclic structures, 2‐(oxazol‐2‐yl)acetamides, amino pyrazoles, 3‐(4‐cyano‐5‐aminoxazol‐2‐yl)coumarins, and oxazole amino acids.
Modeling of hot water and steam protective performance of fabrics used in Firefighters' clothing
Authors: Mandal Sumit , Song Guowen , Grover Indu Bala 
Published: May 2021

SummaryEvery year, numerous firefighter burn injuries and deaths occur in the U.S. Most of these burn injuries and deaths occur due to inadequate performance of firefighters' thermal protective clothing under various thermal exposures including hot water and steam exposures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop models for conveniently predicting the hot water and steam protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing. This study aims at developing a new approach for creating models to predict the hot water and steam protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters' clothing. This aim was achieved by fulfilling two objectives – firstly, by characterizing the performance of fabrics; secondly, by empirically modeling the performance of fabrics. To accomplish these objectives, physical properties (eg, thickness, air permeability) and the performances of single‐ and multilayered fabrics used in firefighters' clothing were measured. The measured data were statistically analyzed to identify the key fabric properties affecting the performance. Using these key properties, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed. It has been found that thickness, air permeability, and evaporative resistance are the key properties to affect the performance, and ANN is the best‐fit model to predict the performance. The approach suggested in this study could be used to develop state‐of‐the‐art models for predicting the performance of wider range of fabrics under hot water and steam exposures. These models could inform firefighters about the potential protective performance of their clothing before working in hot water and steam exposures.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Profile Predicts Severity of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Children of European Ancestry
Authors: Ma Yun , Su Haibin , Yuksel Muhammed , Longhi Maria Serena , McPhail Mark J. , Wang Pengyun , Bansal Sanjay , Wong Guan‐Wee , Graham Jonathon , Yang Li , J Thompson Richard , Doherty Derek G. , Hadzic Nedim , Zen Yoh , Quaglia Alberto , Heneghan Michael A. , Samyn Marianne , Vergani Diego , Mieli‐Vergani Giorgina 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Genetic predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adults is associated with possession of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A*01, B*08) and class II (DRB1*03, ‐04, ‐07, or ‐13) alleles, depending on geographic region. Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (AILD) comprises AIH‐1, AIH‐2, and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), which are phenotypically different from their adult counterparts. We aimed to define the relationship between HLA profile and disease course, severity, and outcome in juvenile AILD.

Approach and Results
We studied 236 children of European ancestry (152 female [64%], median age 11.15 years, range 0.8‐17), including 100 with AIH‐1, 59 with AIH‐2, and 77 with ASC. The follow‐up period was from 1977 to June 2019 (median 14.5 years). Class I and II HLA genotyping was performed using PCR/sequence‐specific primers. HLA B*08, ‐DRB1*03, and the A1‐B8‐DR3 haplotype impart predisposition to all three forms of AILD. Homozygosity for DRB1*03 represented the strongest risk factor (8.8). HLA DRB1*04, which independently confers susceptibility to AIH in adults, was infrequent in AIH‐1 and ASC, suggesting protection; and DRB1*15 (DR15) was protective against all forms of AILD. Distinct HLA class II alleles predispose to the different subgroups of juvenile AILD: DRB1*03 to AIH‐1, DRB1*13 to ASC, and DRB1*07 to AIH‐2. Possession of homozygous DRB1*03 or of DRB1*13 is associated with fibrosis at disease onset, and possession of these two genes in addition to DRB1*07 is associated with a more severe disease in all three subgroups.

Conclusions
Unique HLA profiles are seen in each subgroup of juvenile AILD. HLA genotype might be useful in predicting responsiveness to immunosuppressive treatment and course.
A novel distance learning ergonomics checklist and risk evaluation methodology: A case of Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ayyildiz Ertugrul , Taskin Gumus Alev 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany governments decided to cancel face‐to‐face teaching and learning activities in schools and universities. They replaced them with online teaching and distance learning activities to prevent the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Due to this sudden change, students experienced some anthropometric, environmental, and psychosocial difficulties at home during the distance learning process. This study focuses on determining the importance of anthropometric, environmental, and psychosocial factors in the distance learning process during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study presents main factors and their subfactors affecting ergonomic conditions of university students during distance learning. A novel distance learning ergonomics checklist is proposed based on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration checklists. The data are collected via a questionnaire filled by 100 university students who attend the Ergonomics course online. Then, the integrated methodology includes Voting Analytic Hierarchy Process integrated Pythagorean Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to An Ideal Solution method is adopted to prioritize the factors determined. Thirty‐nine different subfactors are evaluated under five titles, and the most important factors are determined using the proposed methodology. With the results achieved, it is seen that the suggested checklist and proposed methodology can be used by public and private education organizations as a guide for improving their distance learning strategies.
Fetal neuromaturation in late gestation is affected by maternal sleep disordered breathing and sleep disruption in pregnant women with obesity
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. , Watson Heather , Raghunathan Radhika S. , Henderson Janice L. , Sgambati Francis P. , Pien Grace W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveMaternal sleep disordered breathing and sleep disruption have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes through multiple potential pathophysiologic pathways. We hypothesize that disordered maternal sleep also adversely impacts the neuromaturation of the fetus.MethodsParticipants in this prospective observational study included 102 obese pregnant women (pre‐pregnancy body mass index [BMI] of 30 or higher) at 36 weeks of pregnancy. Fetal neuromaturation, defined through measures of fetal heart rate variability, motor activity, and motor‐cardiac coupling, was quantified through digitized fetal actocardiography during an afternoon recording. Maternal sleep measures were collected overnight through polysomnography. Data analysis focused on multiple regression, controlling for maternal BMI, blood pressure, and diabetes.ResultsIndicators of higher sleep disordered breathing were associated with delayed fetal neuromaturation and greater fetal motor activity. Less maternal sleep disruption (shorter rapid eye movement [REM] latency, more REM sleep, and/or fewer transitions) was associated with higher fetal heart rate variability and coupling‐based neuromaturation.ConclusionCharacteristics of disordered maternal sleep affect the developing fetal nervous system. It is unknown whether these results extend to populations that are not characterized by obesity. The influence of maternal sleep on the developing fetal nervous system has been understudied and may yield effects that persist beyond pregnancy.
Modeling an effectual multi‐section You Only Look Once for enhancing lung cancer prediction
Authors: Jena Sanjukta Rani , George Selvaraj Thomas , Ponraj Deivendran Narain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe shape and size of nodules are significant pointers of malignancy in cancer diagnosis. Moreover, considerable capture of nodules' structural data attained from computed tomography (CT) scans in computer‐aided design is a confronting task. Various investigations deal with computationally deep ensemble approaches/convolutional neural network (CNN) models; however, sampling tumors based on multi‐section‐You Only Look Once (MS‐YOLO) architecture, this anticipated model acquires nodules' multi‐sections from various views and encodes nodule's information to data aggregation from diverse cross‐sections through pooling layers. Subsequently, the features are utilized for the nodule classification task. This MS YOLO does not need any nodules' spatial annotation. However, it works directly over the cross‐section acquired from enclosed nodule volume. This work has been analyzed using LUNA R16 dataset. It attains adequate performance with a mean value of 90.8% classification accuracy. Anticipated architecture is cast‐off to choose cross‐section determination of malignancy that helps in output interpretation. The proposed model shows better trade‐off among previous methodologies. Simulation was carried out in MATLAB environment.
β‐Asarone suppresses TNF‐α expression through DNA methylation and c‐Jun‐mediated transcription modulation in scratch‐injured neuronal cells
Authors: Yi Min , Wang Dongsheng , Chen Yanyi , Xu Xia , Dai Xingping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of β‐asarone in regulating neuronal apoptosis and axonal regeneration. A scratch injury was applied to cell cultures of mouse primary cortical neurons to mimic neuronal injury. The neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and western blot analysis of apoptosis‐related proteins. The axonal regeneration was assessed by immunofluorescent staining of β‐tubulin III and western blot analysis of axonal markers. In the results, β‐asarone inhibited neuronal apoptosis and promoted axonal regeneration by suppressing tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) expression in scratch‐injured mouse neuronal cells. Research investigating the molecular mechanisms by which β‐asarone inhibited TNF‐α expression showed that, on the one hand, β‐asarone suppressed the JNK/c‐Jun pathway and thus transcriptionally inhibited TNF‐α expression; on the other hand, β‐asarone induced expression of UHRF1 that recruited DNMT1 to induce TNF‐α promoter methylation and subsequently decreased the messenger RNA expression of TNF‐α. In conclusion, β‐asarone suppresses TNF‐α expression through DNA methylation and c‐Jun‐mediated transcription modulation in scratch‐injured neuronal cells.
Higher circular RNA_0015278 correlates with absence of extrathyroidal invasion, lower pathological tumor stages, and prolonged disease‐free survival in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Ding Huajie , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Huiling , Na Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNA_0015278 (circ_0015278) inhibits the progression of several cancers and is greatly reduced in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues compared with benign thyroid lesions by microarray profiling. This study aimed to further investigate the correlation of circ_0015278 with tumor characteristics and prognosis in PTC patients.MethodsTotally, 206 PTC patients who underwent tumor resection were retrospectively enrolled; subsequently, circ_0015278 expression in their tumor and adjacent tissues was detected by reverse transcriptional‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Besides, disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated.ResultsCirc_0015278 was reduced in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (p < 0.001), and receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that it well discriminated tumor tissues from adjacent tissues (area under curve: 0.903, 95% confidence interval: 0.874–0.932). Besides, higher tumor circ_0015278 expression was correlated with absence of extrathyroidal invasion (p = 0.036), lower pathological tumor (pT) stage (p = 0.05), pathological node (pN) stage (p = 0.002), and pathological tumor‐node‐metastasis (pTNM) stage (p = 0.001). Moreover, higher tumor circ_0015278 expression was associated with a reduced relapse rate (p = 0.011), but not mortality rate (p = 0.110); meanwhile, it was also correlated with prolonged DFS (p = 0.017), but not OS (p = 0.136). Additionally, multivariate Cox's regression analyses showed that higher tumor circ_0015278 expression independently associated with favorable DFS (p = 0.026, hazard ratio = 0.529).ConclusionCirc_0015278 is reduced in tumor tissues, while its’ higher expression in tumor correlates with absence of extrathyroidal invasion, lower pT, pN, and pTNM stage, as well as prolonged DFS in PTC patients.
An Item Response Theory examination of the original and short forms of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in pregnant women
Authors: Goldstein Brandon L. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. , Greene Carolyn C. , Chang Rocio , Grasso Damion J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesEmotion dysregulation during pregnancy may impede women's capacity to navigate increased stressors during this period and may elevate risk for psychosocial impairment, especially for socioeconomically disadvantaged or racially marginalized women. Valid and efficient assessment of emotion dysregulation is needed.MethodsWe used Item Response Theory (IRT) to examine the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in 248 low income, primarily Latina/x pregnant women, to compare the short forms relative to the full DERS.ResultsIRT indicated that the short forms exhibited modest reliability, but also indicated a substantial decrease in information (i.e., reliability) for the short forms compared with the full DERS. IRT indicated that the DERS‐16 appeared more reliable (conserve more information) relative to the other short forms, the DERS‐SF and DERS‐18.ConclusionFindings suggest that clinicians and researchers use the full DERS when time permits and the DERS‐16 when needing a briefer version.
A mental health professional survey of cognitive‐behavioral therapy for the treatment of opioid use disorder
Authors: Lent Michelle R. , Callahan Hannah R. , Womer Portia , Mullen Patrick M. , Shook Christina B. , DiTomasso Robert A. , Felgoise Stephanie H. , Festinger David S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this survey was to obtain mental health professional perspectives on cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment.MethodsRespondents (N = 84) rated components of CBT for their efficacy in OUD treatment. Ratings were reported for the overall sample, by degree completed, and by clinicians versus nonclinicians. Respondents also ranked additional therapeutic strategies that might enhance the efficacy of CBT for OUD.ResultsRespondents rated treatment alliance/rapport, coping skills, and motivational interviewing as the most effective CBT components for OUD. Forms and worksheets were rated as the least effective component. The most beneficial additions to CBT for OUD would be mindfulness, peer support, and medication adherence strategies. Finally, the survey responses suggested that addressing co‐morbid mental health disorders and life stressors may be important within CBT treatment for OUD.
Micromorphological differentiation of Korean Disporum species using light and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Kim Hyeonjin , Choi Bokyung , Lee Changyoung , McAdam Scott A. M. , Paik Jin‐Hyub , Jang Tae‐Soo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genus Disporum Salisb. is widely distributed in East Asia, yet phylogenetically relevant morphological traits useful for differentiating many of the small, perennial, herbaceous species remain poorly described. To address this, leaf, floral, pollen, and orbicule micromorphology of four Korean Disporum species was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. All Korean Disporum species examined had hypostomatic leaves, with anomocytic stomatal complexes found only on the abaxial epidermis. Guard cell length varied among species, ranging from 44.30 μm in D. viridescens to 53.49 μm in D. uniflorum. The epidermal cells of the investigated Disporum taxa had sinuate anticlinal cell walls on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The surface of the guard and subsidiary cells were either smooth with weak striations or had strongly wrinkled striations. The pollen grains of all Korean Disporum taxa were monads, monosulcate with granular aperture membranes, subprolate to prolate in shape with microreticulate or verrucate exine surfaces. The mean size of pollen grains ranged from 46.38 to 49.92 μm in polar length and from 34.39 to 39.58 μm in equatorial diameter across species. Sexine ornamentation was a taxonomically relevant trait for differentiating Korean Disporum taxa. Additionally, the presence of orbicules as well as the orbicular characters (e.g., size, shape, ornamentation, and association pattern) are described for the first time in species from this genus. The present investigation of leaf and floral micromorphology using light and scanning electron microscopy provides valuable information for the taxonomic differentiation and identification of Disporum species in Korea.Research Highlights
A detailed micromorphological description of leaf, floral characters (tepal, stigma, style), pollen and orbicule is provided for Korean Disporum species using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM).
The presence of orbicules and their taxonomic implications in Korean Disporum species are described for the first time.
Phylogenetically informative pollen and orbicule micromorphological characters are described, improving understanding the systematic relationships of Korean species in the genus Disproum.