bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociative Excitation of Nitromethane Induced by Electron Impact in the Ultraviolet – Visible Spectrum
Authors: Országh Juraj , Ribar Anita , Danko Marián , Bodewits Dennis , Matejčík Štefan , Barszczewska Wiesława 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe excitation of nitromethane (CH3NO2), which is an important propellant and prototypic molecule for large class of explosives, has been investigated by electron impact and subsequent emission of photons in the UV‐VIS spectral region between 300 nm and 670 nm. Emission spectrum of nitromethane was recorded at an electron energy of 50 eV. New dissociative excitation channels were observed through the appearance of different CH, CN, NH, OH and NO bands, and the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen. In addition, relative emission cross sections were recorded for the transitions of selected fragments. The emission spectrum was captured with significantly higher resolution in comparison to previous studies.
Breeding pattern of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) versus native congeneric species, Oreochromis macrochir (Boulinger, 1912), in the upper Kabompo River, northwest of Zambia
Authors: Jere Arthertone , Jere Wilson W. L. , Mtethiwa Austin , Kassam Daud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvestigating the determinants of the reproductive biology of fishes is an essential component of fisheries research. Tilapia breeding patterns were investigated to determine the impact of non‐native Oreochromis niloticus on the native congeneric Oreochromis macrochir in the upper Kabompo River in the Northwest of Zambia using the gonadosomatic index and the sex ratios. Oreochromis niloticus was the most abundant fish caught (221, 63.5%) than O. macrochir (127, 36.5%). Results showed that the overall gonadosomatic index means of O. macrochir in both sections were similar. Oreochromis macrochir bred in December and February–March, with no reproduction in June. However, O. niloticus in the invaded section indicated all year reproduction through reduced spawning in May–June, with increased spawning activity in February–March. The sex ratio (females: males) was 1:1.3 and 1:1.7 for O. niloticus and O. macrochir, respectively, and both significantly deviated from the sex ratio of 1:1 (ꭓ2 = 8.42 and 9.37, p < .05). Our study has revealed that O. niloticus was able to spawn across all sampled months with a 23% higher breeding population than O. macrochir, which might explain the suppression in the abundance of native O. macrochir. Due to the superior breeding patterns of O. niloticus, fisheries, wildlife, and aquaculture practitioners need to make contingency plans to alleviate its impacts further downstream of the Kabompo River.
Preparation of Group 3 Metal Sulfur Monoxide Complexes via Oxidation of Metal Atoms using SOF2 in Cryogenic Matrixes
Authors: Hu Jingwen , Xiong Zhixin , Chen Xiuting , Wang Chenyang , Gong Yu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSide‐on sulfur monoxide complexes of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum difluorides [MF2(η2‐SO)] were prepared via oxidation of metal atoms by SOF2 in cryogenic matrixes. The structures of these SO complexes are determined by characteristic infrared absorptions as well as isotopic frequency ratios, and the assignments are further supported by density functional theory calculations. A doublet ground state with nonplanar Cs symmetry was established for all the complexes with side‐on SO ligands. The S−O bond lengths as well as the S−O stretching vibrational frequencies approach those of SO−, suggesting that the group 3 metal MF2(η2‐SO) complexes can be considered as (MF2)+(SO)−. Consistent with this notion, the interaction between MF2 and SO is mainly ionic with SO negatively charged by about −0.60 e, and the unpaired electron is located in the SO 3π orbital that is antibonding in character. It is highly exothermic to form MF2(η2‐SO) mediated by a single fluorine transfer MF(SOF) intermediate from the reactions of SOF2 and metal atoms. The absence of group 3 metal sulfur monoxide complexes using SO2F2 as a precursor is because the resulting complexes would require a metal center with the oxidation state higher than III.
2D HILIC‐ELSD/UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS Method for Acquiring Phospholipid Profiles and the Application in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Zhang Tao , Zhao Pinzhen , Tao Guanjun , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhospholipids are the main constituent of cellular membranes and have recently been identified to have diagnostic value as biomarkers for many diseases. Accordingly, much emphasis is now laid on developing optimal analytical techniques for the phospholipid profiles of various biological samples. In the present study, different classes of phospholipids are first separated by optimized hydrophilic interaction chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (HILIC‐ELSD). The phospholipids in each class are then identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Validation results confirm that this approach meets the requirements of quantitative analysis. Finally, the approach is adopted to analyze the phospholipid profiles in Caenorhabditis elegans. A total of 111 phospholipid species is identified according to the mass fragments. Major fatty acyl chains in phospholipids are found to be formed by oleic acid (C18:1), arachidonic acid (C20:4), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). Overall, this study improves current knowledge on analytical techniques of the phospholipid composition in C. elegans and provides a basis for future lipidomics research.Practical applications: Phospholipids reportedly play a crucial role in the development of many diseases. Until now, only a small portion of phospholipids in Caenorhabditis elegans has been reported by using one‐dimensional analysis strategy. The offline 2D liquid chromatography method developed in this study identifies 111 phospholipid species in Caenorhabditis elegans. The obtained phospholipid profiles complement the lipid database of Caenorhabditis elegans. The study also provides the basis for the future development of a 2D online approach.
Comparison of various classification techniques for supervision of milk processing
Authors: Sadeghi Vasafi Pegah , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDetecting the types of anomalies that can occur throughout the milk processing process is an important task since it can assist providers in maintaining control over the process. The Raman spectrometer was used in conjunction with several classification approaches—linear discriminant analysis, decision tree, support vector machine, and k nearest neighbor—to establish a viable method for detecting different types of anomalies that may occur during the process—temperature and fat variation and added water or cleaning solution. Milk with 5% fat measured at 10°C was used as the reference milk for this study. Added water, cleaning solution, milk with various fat contents and different temperatures were used to detect abnormal conditions. While decision trees and linear discriminant analysis were unable to accurately categorize the various type of anomalies, the k nearest neighbor and support vector machine provided promising results. The accuracy of the support vector machine test set and the k nearest neighbor test set were 81.4% and 84.8%, respectively. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that both algorithms are capable of appropriately classifying the various groups of samples. It can assist milk industries in determining what is wrong during milk processing.
The story of grain self‐sufficiency: China's food security and food for thought
Authors: Niu Yingnan , Xie Gaodi , Xiao Yu , Liu Jingya , Zou Huixia , Qin Keyu , Wang Yangyang , Huang Mengdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGrain self‐sufficiency (GSS) is gaining increased attention throughout the world, and this holds particularly true for China. This study, therefore, investigated spatial and temporal patterns of GSS at the county level in China from 1980s to the 2010s; then explored future GSS changes in the 2035s according to China's 2016 dietary nutrition guidelines, under the circumstances of maximum, average and minimum grain yield increase rate; and finally discussed the ability of a county to purchase grain to meet its demands. The results indicate that the number of counties with self‐insufficiency for total grain and ration decreased, and the amount of counties with high‐level self‐sufficiency for total grain and ration increased. However, the change in the number of counties with feed grain self‐insufficiency and high‐level self‐sufficiency is opposite to that of ration and total grain. Eastern China was characterised by high GSS of total grain, ration and feed grain. As for different kinds of grain, high level of GSS distributed in main grain producing areas, such as rice in south China, wheat in western China and Huang Huai Hai Plain, maize in north and northwest China and soybean in northeast China. Qinghai‐Tibet plateau has undergone poor food security in the last 30 years. In the 2035s, China's total GSS level and ration self‐sufficiency level will be improved under the maximum and average grain yield increase rate, whilst for feed grain, the self‐sufficiency level will be improved only under the maximum grain yield increase rate. The Qinghai‐Tibet plateau has always been a fragile area of food security. This study plays the vital function in understanding China's food security and contributes to the optimisation of agricultural production as well as the utilisation of both internal and external markets.
Downregulation of FAPP2 gene induces cell autophagy and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yuan Tian , Wang Jinhuan , Shi Ce , Wang Yi , Xia Bing , Xu Wen , Yang Hongliang , Yang Yaling , Ye Matthew T. , Khalid Samah , Liang Yong , Tian Chen , You M. James , Wang Yafei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. Most patients with T‐ALL are treated with high‐dose multi‐agent chemotherapy due to limited targeted therapeutic options. To further investigate its pathogenesis and establish new therapeutic targets, we studied the role of FAPP2, a Golgi protein, that is, highly expressed in T‐ALL, in the growth and function of T‐ALL. We found that T‐ALL cells underwent reduced cell proliferation and sub‐G1 accumulation after knocking down of FAPP2 gene using shRNA systems. Instead, FAPP2 downregulation promoted cell autophagy. The level of autophagy markers, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin1, and ATG5, was markedly increased, whereas that of P62 decreased after FAPP2 knocking down in T‐ALL cells. FAPP2 knocking down led to the accumulation of LC3 in the cytoplasm of T‐ALL cells as shown by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the level of PI(4)P and PI(3,4,5)P decreased and phosphorylation of P‐AKT and P‐mTOR were downregulated in FAPP2 knock‐down cells. In summary, our results show that decreased expression of FAPP2 inhibited cell proliferation, resulted in the sub‐G1 phase accumulation of T‐ALL cells, and enhanced autophagy of T‐ALL cells, likely mediated by PI(4)P, PI(3,4,5)P, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results provide a new insight into the pathogenesis and development of potential targeted therapy of T‐ALL.
Uterine carcinosarcoma vs endometrial serous and clear cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of survival
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Raimondo Diego , Maletta Manuela , De Vivo Valentino , Visiello Umberto , Casadio Paolo , Seracchioli Renato , Zullo Fulvio , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is more aggressive than endometrial serous carcinoma (SC) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC).ObjectivesTo compare the prognosis of UCS to that of endometrial SC and CCC, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to October 2020. All studies assessing hazard ratio (HR) for death in UCS vs SC and/or CCC. HRs for death with 95% confidence interval were extracted and pooled by using a random‐effect model. A significant P‐value <0.05 was adopted.ResultsSix studies with 11 029 patients (4995 with UCS, 4634 with SC, 1346 with CCC and 54 with either SC or CCC) were included. UCS showed a significantly worse prognosis than SC/CCC both overall (HR = 1.51; P = 0.008) and at early stage (HR = 1.58; P < 0.001). Similar results were found for UCS vs SC (HR = 1.53; P < 0.001) and UCS vs CCC (HR = 1.60; P < 0.001).ConclusionsCompared to SC and CCC, UCS has a significantly worse prognosis, with a 1.5–1.6‐fold increased risk of death. This might justify a more aggressive treatment for UCS compared to SC and CCC. Further studies are necessary to define the prognostic impact of different molecular subgroups.
Bone Impairment in a Large Cohort of Chinese Patients With Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Assessed by HR-pQCT and TBS
Authors: Ni Xiaolin , Feng Yiming , Guan Wenmin , Chi Yue , Li Xiang , Gong Yiyi , Zhao Nan , Pang Qianqian , Yu Wei , Wu Huanwen , Huo Li , Liu Yong , Jin Jin , Zhou Xi , Lv Wei , Zhou Lian , Xia Yu , Liu Wei , Jiajue Ruizhi , Wang Ou , Li Mei , Xing Xiaoping , Fukumoto Seiji , Jiang Yan , Xia Weibo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by excessive production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a tumor. Previous studies have revealed generalized mineralization defects and low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in TIO. However, data on the bone microarchitecture in TIO are limited. In this study, we evaluated the microarchitecture in the peripheral (distal radius and tibia) and axial (lumbar spine) skeleton using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and trabecular bone score (TBS) and investigated related factors in a large cohort of Chinese patients with TIO. A total of 186 patients with TIO who had undergone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or HR-pQCT scans were enrolled. Compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls, TIO patients (n = 113) had lower volumetric BMD, damaged microstructure, and reduced bone strength in the peripheral skeleton, especially at the tibia. The average TBS obtained from 173 patients was 1.15 ± 0.16. The proportion of patients with abnormal TBS (&lt;1.35) was higher than that with low L1 to L4 aBMD Z-score (Z ≤ −2) (43.9% versus 89.6%, p &lt; 0.001). Higher intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), alkaline phosphatase, and β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx) levels, more severe mobility impairment, and a history of fracture were associated with poorer HR-pQCT parameters but not with lower TBS. However, greater height loss and longer disease duration were correlated with worse HR-pQCT parameters and TBS. Moreover, TBS was correlated with both trabecular and cortical HR-pQCT parameters in TIO. In conclusion, we revealed impaired bone microarchitecture in the axial and peripheral skeleton in a large cohort of Chinese TIO patients. HR-pQCT parameters and TBS showed promising advantages over aBMD for assessing bone impairment in patients with TIO. A longer follow-up period is needed to observe changes in bone microarchitecture after tumor resection. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Added Value of Quantitative Analysis of Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging in Ovarian‐Adnexal Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hottat Nathalie A. , Badr Dominique A. , Van Pachterbeke Catherine , Vanden Houte Katherina , Denolin Vincent , Jani Jacques C. , Cannie Mieke M. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe ovarian‐adnexal reporting and data system‐magnetic resonance imaging (O‐RADS‐MRI) score decreases the incidence of indeterminate adnexal masses from 18% to 31% with ultrasound till 10.8% to 12.5% with MRI. Further improvement of this score may be useful to improve patients' management.PurposeTo evaluate the added value of quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of adnexal masses classified according to the O‐RADS‐MRI score.Study typeProspective cohort study with retrospective DWI analysis.PopulationAmong 402 recruited patients, surgery was done only in 163 women (median‐age: 51 years) with 201 indeterminate adnexal masses, which were included in the final analysis.Field strength/sequenceStandardized MRI (1.5 and 3‐T) including diffusion and dynamic contrast‐enhanced sequences (diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging) were used.AssessmentTwo radiologists classified the adnexal masses according to O‐RADS‐MRI and they were blinded to the pathology report. Two methods of quantitative analysis were applied using region‐of‐interest apparent‐diffusion‐coefficient (ROI‐ADC) and whole‐lesion ADC‐histogram (WL‐ADC).Statistical testsFisher's exact and Mann–Whitney‐U tests were used to compare variables among malignant and benign lesions. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to examine the sensitivity/specificity of each parameter. ROI‐ADC and WL‐ADC of lesions with O‐RADS‐MRI score‐4 were plotted to identify thresholds of malignant lesions. The improvement of the O‐RADS‐MRI score after adding these thresholds was assessed by two ROC‐curves. A P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsFifty‐eight of the 201 lesions (28.9%) were malignant. The ROI‐ADC and the WL‐ADC means of malignant lesions were significantly lower than those of benign lesions. Forty‐two lesions (20.9%) had an O‐RADS‐MRI score‐4. In this subgroup, 76% of lesions with ROI‐ADC < 1.7 × 10−3 mm2/sec and WL‐ADC < 2.6 × 10−3 mm2/sec were malignant, whereas only 11.8% with ROI‐ADC ≥ 1.7 × 10−3 mm2/sec or a WL‐ADC ≥ 2.6 × 10−3 mm2/sec were malignant. The overall performance of the O‐RADS‐MRI score combined with these thresholds was improved.Data conclusionIntegrating ADC‐thresholds in O‐RADS‐MRI score‐4 may discriminate low‐to‐intermediate and intermediate‐to‐high malignancy risk groups.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
UV‐C treatment inhibits browning, inactivates Pseudomonas tolaasii and reduces associated chemical and enzymatic changes of button mushrooms
Authors: Wang Xueqing , He Xingxing , Wu Xinling , Fan Xuetong , Wang Fengling , Lin Qiong , Guan Wenqiang , Zhang Na 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDButton mushrooms with completely white appearance are popular with consumers. However, button mushrooms are susceptible to infection with Pseudomonas tolaasii, which results in browning. This study evaluates the effects of ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) treatment on the inactivation of P. tolaasii in vitro and in vivo and on the physiological and chemical changes of button mushrooms during storage for 21 days at 4 °C.RESULTSUV‐C doses of 0.5 to 9.0 kJ m−2 resulted in 3.91–6.26 log CFU mL−1 reduction of P. tolaasii populations in vitro, and UV‐C treatment reduced P. tolaasii populations inoculated on mushroom cap surfaces and browning severity. Moreover, P. tolaasii increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and decreased phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity, the accumulation of phenolics and contents of brown melanin precursors, including γ‐l‐glutaminyl‐4‐hydroxybenzene (GHB), γ‐l‐glutaminyl‐3,4‐dihydroxybenzene (GDHB), and tyrosine in button mushrooms. UV‐C treatment was found to reduce the negative changes due to P. tolaasii infection.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the application of UV‐C treatment inhibited browning, inactivated P. tolaasii and reduced P. tolaasii – associated chemical and enzymatic changes of button mushrooms. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Wine astringency: more than just tannin–protein interactions
Authors: González‐Muñoz Beatriz , Garrido‐Vargas Fernanda , Pavez Carolina , Osorio Fernando , Chen Jianshe , Bordeu Edmundo , O'Brien José A , Brossard Natalia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRed wines are characterized by their astringency, a very important sensory attribute that affects the perceived quality of wines. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain astringency, and two theories describe how these mechanisms work in an integrated manner to produce tactile sensations such as drying, roughening, shrinking and puckering. The factors involved include not only tannins and salivary proteins, but also anthocyanins, grape polysaccharides and mannoproteins, as well as other wine matrix components that modulate their interactions. These multifactorial interactions could be responsible for different sensory responses and therefore need to be further studied. This review presents the latest advances in astringency perception and its possible origins, with special attention on the interactions of components, their impact on oral perception and the development of astringency sub‐qualities. Future research efforts should concentrate on understanding the mechanisms involved as well as on the limiting factors related to the conformation and stability of the tannin–salivary protein complexes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Natural recovery from posttraumatic stress in injured military service members: A commentary on Soumoff et al. (2021)
Authors: Peterson Alan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoumoff et al. (2021) reported on a sample of 2,217 injured military service members and found that somatic symptom severity was more predictive of the development of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms than injury severity. PTSD has been described as one of the invisible wounds of war, suggesting that many military service members with PTSD may suffer in silence because some symptoms—such as psychological and somatic symptoms—are often not observable by others. In contrast, friends, family, fellow service members, and health care providers often ask military service members with visible, physical wounds what happened, prompting a discussion of their injury and the events that contributed to it. I posit that the findings reported by Soumoff et al. may be an example of the differences that can occur in the course of natural recovery in military service members suffering from visible versus invisible wounds of war and further hypothesize that the repeated conversations that often occur after physical injuries in military service members may foster natural recovery from the co‐occurring invisible, psychological wounds of war.
Citation rules through the eyes of biomedical journal editors
Authors: Kratochvíl Jiří , Abrahámová Helga , Fialová Marta , Stodůlková Martina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research analysed the citations styles used in 1,100 high‐impact biomedical journals and the importance attributed by their editors and other members of the editorial office to individual reference components, the citation format and method. We found 70 (6.5%) use the current American Medical Association or NLM/Vancouver style; 425 (39.2%) use their older versions or a variation; 73 (6.7%) use a standard non‐biomedical style; and 432 (39.9%) have their own house style. According to 125 respondents who answered the survey, the most important reference components include the author(s), title and year of publication, while the date of update, date of access and language are among the least important. They prefer the citation‐sequence method (65.6%) and the author‐date method (24%). A comparison of the responses to the survey and the citation guidelines showed that while two‐thirds of the respondents view the DOI and ISBN as important information, only a limited number of their journals' citation guidelines require them. Our results show that publishers, authors of standard styles and editors all agree that references should be uncomplicated and concise. A reduction in the number of various styles used might be attainable but would require an agreement between the publishers and authors of the standard styles, which would incorporate the preferences of journal editors.