bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family caregivers’ experiences of providing care for family members from minority ethnic groups living with dementia: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Lillekroken Daniela , Halvorsrud Liv , Gulestø Ragnhild , Bjørge Heidi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review the literature on family caregivers’ experiences of providing care for a family member from an ethnic minority group living with dementia within the European context.BackgroundDue to labour migration during the late 1960s and early 1970s, many European countries are now encountering an increasing number of older people from diverse ethnic minority groups who have been diagnosed with dementia. Although family care is predominantly used as a care pathway among families with immigrant backgrounds, little is known about family caregivers’ experiences of providing care for a family member with dementia.DesignA systematic review of qualitative literature.MethodsEight databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, Social Care Online, SocIndex and Epistemonikos) were searched for original, peer‐reviewed papers, published in English between 2010 and 2021. The literature review was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020 checklist for reporting systematic reviews.ResultsAfter identifying, screening and assessing articles for eligibility, 14 articles were critically appraised using the standardised assessment tool Mixed methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, version 2018) and included in the review. The data synthesis process identified four themes across the qualitative studies: controversies and challenges; a lack of health literacy; barriers to seeking support from the healthcare or social services; and models of care.ConclusionsMost of the family caregivers highlighted the value of being able to care for a family member living with dementia. However, the findings also reveal that they experience controversies and challenges due to their lack of dementia health literacy and perceived barriers to seeking healthcare support.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings from the current review can inform healthcare and social services in relation to implementing models of care that facilitate and complement family caregivers’ role in caring for family members living with dementia from minority ethnic groups.
Feminist judging in lower courts
Authors: HUNTER ROSEMARY , ROACH ANLEU SHARYN , MACK KATHY 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuch of the literature on feminist judging concentrates on judges and judging in appellate and superior courts. This article extends that literature by investigating whether and how feminist judging manifests in lower courts, which deal with the vast bulk of criminal offences and civil claims. It does so through analysis of transcripts of non‐trial criminal proceedings in Australian magistrates courts, focusing on judicial practices rather than the gender or other known characteristics of the magistrates. Clear instances of feminist judging are relatively rare. Where they occur, they are often in the form of isolated feminist ‘moments’ rather than a magistrate exhibiting a distinct feminist orientation. The article reflects on what these findings suggest about the nature of judging in lower courts and the possibilities for feminist judging in that context.
Associations Between Weight‐Based Bullying, Developmental Internal Assets, and Perceived Social Support Among Youth
Authors: Yourell Jacqlyn L. , Doty Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDYouth with obesity are likely to experience weight‐based bullying victimization, and adolescents have the highest obesity rates among children. Factors that protect youth from traditional bullying victimization may protect youth from weight‐based bullying victimization: internal assets such as positive identity and social competence, and external assets such as perceived support from parents and friends.METHODSTo examine this proposition, data from 8th, 9th, and 11th graders were obtained from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 126,495). Logistic regressions were conducted to identify the relationship between assets and weight‐based bullying and to determine possible moderation by weight status.RESULTSResults demonstrate that positive identity, parent support, and friend support were associated with lower odds of experiencing weight‐based bullying victimization. Moderation analyses revealed that perceived parent support was most protective against experiencing weight‐based bullying victimization among youth with obesity compared to youth with overweight, normal weight, or underweight.CONCLUSIONSchool administrators, counselors, and teachers should be aware of the increased risk of weight‐based bullying for youth with obesity and underweight. Results underscore the need to foster youth's internal assets like positive identity to promote a strength‐based approach for prevention. Parent involvement is warranted in weight‐based bullying prevention efforts.
Counterfactual epistemic scenarios
Authors: Mackay John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn two‐dimensional semantics in the tradition of Davies and Humberstone, whether a singular term receives an epistemically shifted reading in the scope of a modal operator depends on whether the world considered as actual is shifted. This means that epistemically shifted readings should be available only in environments where an explicit contrast between the actual world and some counterfactual worlds cannot be made. In this paper, I argue that this is incorrect. Whether a singular term receives an epistemically shifted reading is independent of whether the world treated as actual is shifted. This, I argue, undermines the two‐dimensionalist account of epistemic shift. I then turn to the question how a positive view should handle these two phenomena separately. I argue for treating singular terms with a version of counterpart theory in which the difference between epistemically shifted and other readings is determined in the context of utterance.
Combined versus conventional photodynamic therapy with 5‐aminolaevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF‐200 ALA) for actinic keratosis: A randomized, single‐blind, prospective study
Authors: Sáenz‐Guirado Soledad , Cuenca‐Barrales Carlos , Vega‐Castillo Jorge , Linares‐Gonzalez Laura , Ródenas‐Herranz Teresa , Molina‐Leyva Alejandro , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has become one of the most effective therapies for the treatment of actinic keratosis, allowing the removal of more than one lesion in a single session. However, the pain sustained by the patient during treatment and local skin reactions can limit its use.ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of combined PDT (daylight PDT followed by conventional PDT) vs conventional PDT 12 weeks after treatment.MethodsThe study was performed as a randomized, single‐center, non‐inferiority clinical trial with two parallel groups. A total of 51 patients with grade I and II AKs on the scalp or face were randomized. Twenty‐five patients received one session of combined PDT (combPDT), and 26 patients received one session of conventional PDT (cPDT). The primary endpoint was the reduction of AKs, 12 weeks after treatment. The secondary endpoint was the reduction in pain and local skin reaction.ResultsThe reduction rate of grade I and II AKs was similar in combPDT and cPDT, showing no statistically significant differences between both groups, 76.67% vs 86.63% [P = .094] and 80.48% vs 83.08% [P = .679], respectively. However, pain was significantly lower in the combPDT group (2.56 vs 5, P < .01), as were local skin reactions.ConclusionsCombPDT has proven to be as effective as cPDT for the treatment of grade I and II AKs located on the scalp and face. Furthermore, combPDT has been shown to be considerably more tolerable than cPDT, causing only mild local skin reactions.
Blood perfusion and diameter of bovine corpus luteum as predictors of luteal function in early pregnancy
Authors: Velho Gabriella dos Santos , Rovani Monique Tomazele , Ferreira Rogério , Gasperin Bernardo Garziera , Dalto André Gustavo Cabrera 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA feasible and non‐invasive luteal function assessment which enables timely intervention to improve progesterone (P4) support at early pregnancy is not well‐established. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation among morphological and functional assessment methods of corpus luteum (CL) on Day 5 (D5) following timed‐artificial insemination effect on luteal blood perfusion (LBP), CL diameter and serum P4 concentration. Beef heifers (n = 89) were synchronized and inseminated (D0). On D5, CL was scanned by colour‐Doppler ultrasonography using an LBP score (0 = absent; 3 = high blood perfusion); CL diameter was obtained and blood was collected. Diameter of CL had a positive linear effect on P4 concentration (p < .001); and larger CL diameter increased the probability to become pregnant (p < .05; odds ratio =1.21). Heifers with a CL larger than 14.95 mm had a higher pregnancy rate than heifers with a 14.95 mm or smaller CL (p < .05). Animals with LBP 2 and 3 had larger CL when compared to scores 0 and 1 (p < .001). Scores 1, 2 and 3 can accurately estimate heifers with higher P4 (accuracy =0.79, 0.72 and 0.61 respectively). In conclusion, LBP on Day 5 post‐TAI allows to estimate heifers with higher P4 and larger CL size, and a larger CL diameter was positively associated with pregnancy rate.
Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping
Authors: Das Madhurima , Yang Maria C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Designers routinely create informal “thinking” sketches to explore a design space and “talking” sketches to communicate design ideas during the early phases of the design process. This study proposes a rubric for assessing the quality of novice designers’ early stage design sketches including line smoothness, proportion, and understandability. The study finds a positive correlation between sketch quality and understandability, which indicates the importance of sketch quality when using sketches as a communication tool. Results indicate that early stage sketch quantity is linked with design outcomes, though sketch quality does not have a strong correlation with design outcomes. The study also finds a link between frequency of sketching and having higher maximum sketch quality scores (i.e. at least one excellent sketch) as well as a correlation between individuals’ maximum sketch quality scores and their overall design outcomes. This study presents a new tool to capture what is learned by the designer after each iteration of a prototype. Preliminary results indicate that reflection on both the technical and emotional aspects of prototyping may be valuable and should be an area of further study. Finally, several results point to novice designers’ lack of consistent focus on users in their prototyping reflections and presentations.
Teaching Mechatronic System Modeling: A Fifteen-Year Journey
Authors: Das Shuvra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most innovations happen at the intersections of disciplines. New products get designed through synergistic integration of multi-disciplinary concepts. For example, in today’s automobiles purely mechanical systems have been replaced by “by-wire” devices that are software controlled, lighter, more efficient, and reliable. While engineering disciplines are merging seamlessly in real world products, academic silos are mostly still intact. At University of Detroit Mercy, we have broken down some silos by launching the Robotics and Mechatronics Systems Engineering major. Mechatronic Systems Modeling is a mandatory course in this major. This course uses a technique of power flow called bond graphs to model mechatronic systems. This technique is not discipline specific and students with different disciplinary background can easily understand and master it. Recently, the use of Simscape, a MATLAB/Simulink tool for physical system modeling has also been added to this course. The use of these two tools in complex system modeling tasks helps students develop an understanding of engineering system behavior by moving beyond the narrow boundaries of individual disciplines. This paper describes the course content and structure, the modeling methods, selected student projects, some of the lessons learned, and several offshoot activities that have resulted from this course.
Delta Based Non-Anthropomorphic Hand
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kansal Sachin , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper reports design and implementation of a Delta Robot based non-anthropomorphic hand. A set of three constant orientation Delta robots are shown to be useful to perform manipulation maneuvers on the object. Voice coil arc actuators are deployed to improve the backdrivability of the robot. The hand consists of three constant orientation fingers which are deployed to grasp an object. The fingers are programmed to behave as a set of springs to generate stable object acquisition. The capability of the robotic hand to perform different maneuvers is demonstrated. The dynamic feedback linearisation method is shown to be useful both for controlling the robotic hand and also to ensure passive grasp of the robotic system. It is shown that the hand can be used to catch an object, improve the grasp forces on the surface of the object, impart oscillatory motion, and also to throw the object in a prescribed direction. Standalone examples are described to suggest the same. The backdrivability of the voice coil arc actuators are demonstrated to be of purpose in improving the passive grasp behaviour of the robot. The swift motion of the actuators are shown to be useful while performing quick oscillations and also to throw the object.
Finite Time Control of a Fractional Order Hydro-Turbine Governing System With Load Rejection
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the finite time control of a fractional order hydro-turbine governing system (HGS) with load rejection. First, the hydraulic servo system has significant historical reliance. Since it is a powerful advantage for fractional calculus to describe the function which has significant historical reliance, the fractional order hydraulic servo system is adopted and the more actual fractional order hydro-turbine governing system is presented. Second, some definitions and properties are given, and the state trajectories of HGS with load rejection is observed. The simulation results show that the state trajectory of the system is not stable, so it is necessary to design a controller with better control effect. Third, based on the frequency distribution model, the equivalent transformation model of HGS is presented. A new finite time sliding mode control scheme is proposed for the stability control of the HGS with load rejection. Furthermore, the no chattering sliding mode controller and its detailed mathematical derivation are given. The system stability is proved, and the upper limit of HGS finite time stability is given. Finally, numerical simulations have verified the theoretical results. The controller can make the state trajectories of the HGS converge to zero in a finite time, and the control time is very short.
Detection of Electrolytes Based on Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrode
Authors: Chen Li-Da , Wang Gou-Jen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to develop simple electrochemical electrodes for the fast detection of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions in human serum. A flat thin-film gold electrode was used as the detection electrode for chloride ions; a solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE), which was formed by covering a flat thin-film gold electrode with a mixture of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and ion-selective membrane (ISM), was developed for sodium and potassium ions detection. Through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV), the detection data can be obtained within two minutes. The linear detection ranges in the standard samples of chlorine, sodium, and potassium ions were 25–200 mM, 50–200 mM, and 2–10 mM, with the average relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.79%, 1.65%, and 0.47% and the average recovery rates of 101%, 100%, and 96% respectively. Interference experiments using normal concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in human blood demonstrated that the proposed detection electrodes have good selectivity. Moreover, the proposed detection electrodes have characteristics such as the ability to be prepared under relatively simple process conditions, excellent detection sensitivity, and low RSD, and the detection linear range is suitable for the Cl−, Na+, and K+ concentrations in human serum.
Multi-Keel Passive Prosthetic Foot Design Optimization Using the Lower Leg Trajectory Error Framework
Authors: Prost Victor , Peterson Heidi V. , Winter Amos G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
People with lower-limb amputation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack access to adequate prosthetic devices that would restore their mobility and increase their quality of life. This is largely due to the cost and durability of existing devices. Single-keel energy storage and return (ESR) prosthetic feet have recently been developed to provide improved walking benefits at an affordable cost in LMICs. These low-cost single-keel ESR feet were created using a novel design methodology, the lower leg trajectory error (LLTE) framework. The LLTE framework enables the optimization of the stiffness and geometry of a user’s prosthesis to match a target walking pattern. However, these low-cost single-keel ESR prostheses do not provide the required durability to fulfill the international standards organization (ISO) testing, which prevents their widespread use and adoption. In this work, we developed a multi-keel prosthetic foot parametric model, and extended the LLTE framework to include this multi-keel architecture and the durability requirements. This extended LLTE framework enabled the design of durable and low-cost multi-keel ESR prosthetic feet made of Nylon 6/6. Multi-keel foot designs were shown to provide 76% improved walking performance (lower LLTE values) compared with single-keel ESR designs. Load testing of prototype multi-keel feet validated the multi-keel constitutive model predictions used in the LLTE framework. The measured deflections of the prototypes under load were accurately described with an average error of 0.6 ± 0.4 mm (5.7 ± 4.2%). These multi-keel feet designed using the extended LLTE framework withstood ISO fatigue and static tests, validating their durability. Given their single-part 2D extruded geometries, multi-keel feet designed with the extended LLTE framework could be cost-effectively manufactured, providing affordable and durable high-performance prostheses that improves the mobility of LMIC users.
Proposal for an Adaptive Bone Screw Design Based on FEA Studies Exemplified by Pedicle Screw
Authors: Seidler Alexander , Mehlhorn Lars , Sembdner Philipp , Holtzhausen Stefan , Stelzer Ralph , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a density-adaptive design of bone screws using pedicle screws for spinal fixations as an example. The basis is the analysis and categorization of currently available variants of bone screws, which differ in principle in their thread design because of different application areas (cortical or cancellous bone). These screw variants are investigated in FEA simulations for pullout and bending with regard to occurring stresses. A corresponding simulation model is presented for this purpose. The precise design models for these screws are generated in a CAD system using a self-developed configuration tool. Based on the FEA evaluation, the proposal for a new pedicle screw design, consisting of several thread types merged into each other, is described in detail. By integrating different thread types over the shaft, the respective properties of the bone can thus be optimally utilized.
Fourier Analysis Guided Cable Actuator Design for Coordinated Walking Assistance
Authors: Liu Chong , Hidayah Rand , Agrawal Sunil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cable-driven exoskeletons add minimal inertia and restrictions to the user’s leg while still providing feedback and quantitative measures of the user’s performance. However, cable robots require at least n + 1 cables to control n degrees-of-freedom, i.e., they require more actuators than the leg’s degrees-of-freedom, challenging their widespread adoption as wearable technology. The state-of-the-art in this field aims to reduce the number of actuated motors.
In this paper, we design and evaluate a “single motor-driven” leg exoskeleton prototype based on the Cable-driven Active Leg EXoskleton (C-ALEX). The prototype consists of four crank-spring mechanisms and a crankshaft designed using epicycle analysis. The epicycle analysis is performed using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and sine curve fitting (SCF). While DFT suggests the maximum number of epicycles to imitate the target waveform, a large number of nested epicycles is challenging to design and manufacture for implementation. To validate the epicycle-guided design, we constructed a simple crankshaft model using one epicycle. Our proposed simplified model predicted and produced the joint angles calculated from the inverse and forward kinematics of a cable-driven leg exoskeleton with multiple motors. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-cable driven exoskeleton powered by a single actuator that is designed to provide continuous assistance to the user.
Point-Cloud Neural Network Using Transfer Learning-Based Multi-Fidelity Method for Thermal Field Prediction in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Huang Xufeng , Hu Zhen , Xie Tingli , Wang Zhuo , Chen Lei , Zhou Qi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Melt pool modeling is critical for model-based uncertainty quantification (UQ) and quality control in metallic Additive Manufacturing (AM). Finite element (FE) simulation for thermal modeling in metal AM, however, is tedious and time-consuming. This paper presents a multi-fidelity point-cloud neural network method (MF-PointNN) for surrogate modeling of melt pool based on FE simulation data. It merges the feature representations of low-fidelity (LF) analytical model and high-fidelity (HF) FE simulation data through the theory of transfer learning (TL). A basic PointNN is firstly trained using LF data to construct correlation between the inputs and thermal field of analytical models. Then, the basic PointNN is updated and fine-tuned using the small size of HF data to build the MF-PointNN. The trained MF-PointNN allows for efficient mapping from input variables and spatial positions to thermal histories, and thereby efficiently predict the three-dimensional melt pool. Results of melt pool modeling of electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) of Ti-6Al-4V under uncertainty demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.