bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of quercetin on apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes induced by oxidative stress‐mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Wang Qing , Ying Lujing , Wei Bing , Ji Yikui , Xu Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuercetin has been preliminarily proven to serve as a potential agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, its effects and potential mechanisms on the pathological process of OA are not very clear. This study aimed to study the protective effect of quercetin on OA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated chondrocytes (C28/I2 cell) and anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy‐treated Wistar rats were used as models of OA in vitro and in vivo. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8 kit), flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, western blot, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) kit, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, toluidine blue staining, Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to evaluate cell viability, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines level, protein expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, morphological changes, and chondrocyte apoptosis of cartilage, respectively. Results showed that quercetin could reduce LPS‐induced C28/I2 cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and cell pyroptosis, and overexpression of nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich‐repeat‐containing (NLR) family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) revealed that quercetin reduced chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation by inhibiting NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis. Furthermore, quercetin could reduce chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation, and inhibit NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis through blocking oxidative stress. It was further confirmed in the rat OA model that quercetin alleviated OA by blocking oxidative stress, reduces chondrocyte pyroptosis, apoptosis, and ECM degradation. In conclusion, quercetin inhibited OA via blocking oxidative stress‐induced chondrocyte pyroptosis in models of OA in vitro and in vivo.
Christianson syndrome: A novel splicing variant of SLC9A6 causes exon skipping in a Chinese boy and a literature review
Authors: Zhang Xiaoge , Wu Xiaofang , Liu Hongli , Song Tingting , Jiang Yongsheng , He Hanhan , Yang Shaoqing , Xie Yun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundVariants in the endosomal solute carrier family 9 member A6 (SLC9A6)/(Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) gene have been linked to epilepsy, speech loss, truncal ataxia, hyperkinesia, and postnatal microcephaly.MethodsIn the present study, we evaluated genetic alterations in a 3‐year‐old Chinese boy displayed features of epilepsy, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, low body weight, difficulty in feeding, excessive movement, attention loss, ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy and his healthy family using WES method. The identified variant was further confirmed by Sanger sequencing method. Finally, minigene assays were used to verify whether the novel SLC9A6 intronic variant influenced the normal splicing of mRNA.ResultsWe identified a novel hemizygous splicing variant [NM_001042537.1: c.1463‐1G>A] in SLC9A6 by trio‐based exome sequencing. The minigene expression in vitro confirmed the splicing variant altered a consensus splice acceptor site of SLC9A6 intron 11, resulting in skipping over exon 12.ConclusionsOur finding extends the catalog of pathogenic intronic variants affecting SLC9A6 pre‐mRNA splicing and provides a basis for the genetic diagnosis of CS.
Successful endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection therapy for ruptured duodenal varices immediately after balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration
Authors: Tamai Yasuyuki , Tanaka Hideaki , Fujimori Masashi , Iwasa Motoh , Nakagawa Hayato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a rare case of acute duodenal variceal rupture after B‐RTO that was successfully treated with endoscopic CA injection therapy. A 74‐year‐old Japanese woman was transferred to our hospital due to progressive general malaise and hematemesis. Gastroduodenoscopy (GDS) showed duodenal varices without active bleeding in the second portion of duodenum. Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO) was carried out to prevent duodenal variceal rebleeding. Good pooling of ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol (EOI) was observed in duodenal varices using balloon catheters. However, massive melena was observed immediately after B‐RTO. Emergent GDS revealed a white plug on the treated varix, thus endoscopic cyanoacrylate (CA) injection therapy was performed. We speculated that the injection of EOI increased the pressure in the duodenal varices which resulted in rupture of duodenal varices. B‐RTO was effective therapy to prevent duodenal variceal rebleeding, but postprocedural monitoring is required as illustrated by this case. We suggest that careful monitoring and backup system for endoscopy are required during or after B‐RTO.
One‐pot three‐component synthesis of novel chromeno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐1,9(2H)‐diones by using SnCl2⋅2H2O as catalyst
Authors: Kamali Mahmood , Keramat Pirolghor Fatemeh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient method was developed to prepare a novel series of chromeno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐1,9(2H)‐diones from bio‐based 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyridine‐2‐ones, aromatic aldehydes and dimedone in the presence of SnCl2⋅2H2O in ethanol at 70°C. Mild conditions as well as the operational simplicity, easy workup, and environmentally friendly are the most advantages of this multicomponent synthesis of potentially bioactive new products.
Regioselective alkylation reaction of purines under microwave irradiation
Authors: Vinuesa Arturo , Viñas Miquel , Jahani Daniel , Ginard Jaume , Mur Nuria , Pujol Maria Dolors 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe alkylation of purines which is generally carried out after anion formation by treatment with a base and alkyl halide is complicated and in the best cases, mixtures of N‐alkylated compounds are obtained. Purine derivatives can be acquired from alkylation at N‐7 and N‐9. In this work, the reaction conditions have been optimized to obtain the alkylation products of N‐9 regioselectively. Different bases have been tried and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide has led to the best results. The reaction depends on the type of base and solvent used and improves considerably when the aid of microwave irradiation is used, which also considerably reduces the reaction time by reducing the formation of secondary products.
Non‐Invasive Assessment of Damping of Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility in Cerebral Arteries With MRI
Authors: Arts Tine , Onkenhout Laurien P. , Amier Raquel P. , van der Geest Rob , van Harten Thijs , Kappelle Jaap , Kuipers Sanne , van Osch Matthijs J.P. , van Bavel Ed T. , Biessels Geert Jan , Zwanenburg Jaco J.M. ,   Heart‐Brain Connection Consortium
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDamping of heartbeat‐induced pressure pulsations occurs in large arteries such as the aorta and extends to the small arteries and microcirculation. Since recently, 7 T MRI enables investigation of damping in the small cerebral arteries.PurposeTo investigate flow pulsatility damping between the first segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1) and the small perforating arteries using magnetic resonance imaging.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsThirty‐eight participants (45% female) aged above 50 without history of heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or cognitive impairment.Field Strength/Sequence3 T gradient echo (GE) T1‐weighted images, spin‐echo fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images, GE two‐dimensional (2D) phase‐contrast, and GE cine steady‐state free precession images were acquired. At 7 T, T1‐weighted images, GE quantitative‐flow, and GE 2D phase‐contrast images were acquired.AssessmentVelocity pulsatilities of the M1 and perforating arteries in the basal ganglia (BG) and semi‐oval center (CSO) were measured. We used the damping index between the M1 and perforating arteries as a damping indicator (velocity pulsatilityM1/velocity pulsatilityCSO/BG). Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were correlated with velocity pulsatility in the M1 and in perforating arteries, and with the damping index of the CSO and BG.Statistical TestsCorrelations of LVSV, MAP, PP, and PWV with velocity pulsatility in the M1 and small perforating arteries, and correlations with the damping indices were evaluated with linear regression analyses.ResultsPP and PWV were significantly positively correlated to M1 velocity pulsatility. PWV was significantly negatively correlated to CSO velocity pulsatility, and PP was unrelated to CSO velocity pulsatility (P = 0.28). PP and PWV were uncorrelated to BG velocity pulsatility (P = 0.25; P = 0.68). PWV and PP were significantly positively correlated with the CSO damping index.Data ConclusionOur study demonstrated a dynamic damping of velocity pulsatility between the M1 and small cerebral perforating arteries in relation to proximal stress.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 1
Early feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in patients who require trauma and surgical intensive care: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shahmanyan Davit , Lawrence Jeffrey C. , Lollar Daniel I. , Hamill Mark E. , Faulks Emily R. , Collier Bryan R. , Chestovich Paul J. , Bower Katie L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients experience interruptions in enteral nutrition (EN). For ventilated patients who undergo percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement, postprocedure fasting times vary from 1 to 24 h depending on the surgeon's preference. There is no evidence to support delayed feeding (DF) after PEG placement. This study's purpose was to determine if there is an increased complication rate associated with early feeding (EF) after PEG.Methods150 adult ventilated patients in the trauma and surgical intensive care unit (TSICU) at a level I trauma center underwent PEG placement in March 2015 through May 2018 by one of six surgical intensivists. Retrospective review revealed variable post‐PEG fasting practices: one started EN at 1 h, two started at 4 h, two started at 6 h, and one started at 24 h. Time to initiation of EN and complication rates were assessed. Patients were divided into EF (<4) and DF (≥4 h) groups.ResultsMedian postprocedure fasting time was 5.5 h. The overall complication rate was 3.3%, with a feeding intolerance rate of 0.7% and aspiration rate of 0%. There was no difference in complication rate for EF (3.1%) as compared with DF (3.4%) (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.10–8.52; P = 0.7).ConclusionComplication rates following PEG placement in ventilated TSICU patients are low and do not change with EF compared with DF. EF is probably safe.
LncPVT1 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via miR‐10a‐5p/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Li Xiaobei , Huang Yiping , Han Yineng , Yang Qiaolin , Zheng Yunfei , Li Weiran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the factors affecting osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) can help enhance the regeneration of periodontal tissue. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncPVT1) is an important regulatory factor involved in many biological processes, but its role in osteogenesis remains unclear.MethodsExpressions of osteogenic markers were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase staining was conducted for early osteoblast differentiation and alizarin red S staining was used for mineral deposition. RNA sequencing was used to identify the miRNAs regulated by lncPVT1 during osteogenesis. Cell transfection was used to overexpress or knockdown lncPVT1 and miR‐10a‐5p. Dual luciferase reporter assays were conducted to analyze the binding of miR‐10a‐5p to brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).ResultsLncPVT1 was significantly increased during osteogenic induction of PDLCs. Overexpression of lncPVT1 promoted osteogenesis, whereas lncPVT1 knockdown inhibited this process. RNA sequencing showed that miR‐10a‐5p expression was significantly increased after lncPVT1 knockdown. RNA immunoprecipitation assay further demonstrated the binding potential of lncPVT1 and miR‐10a‐5p. MiR‐10a‐5p inhibited the osteogenesis of PDLCs, and partially reversed the stimulatory effects of lncPVT1. Subsequently, we identified a predicted binding site for miR‐10a‐5p on BDNF and confirmed it using dual luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, lncPVT1 upregulated the expression of BDNF, whereas miR‐10a‐5p downregulated BDNF expression. BDNF promoted osteogenesis and partially rescued the si‐lncPVT1‐mediated inhibition of PDLCs osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionsLncPVT1 positively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs via miR‐10a‐5p and BDNF. Our results provide a promising target for enhancing the osteogenic potential of PDLCs.
Changes in protease activity during fermentation of fish sauce and their correlation with antioxidant activity
Authors: Bu Ying , Liu Yingnan , Luan Hongwei , Zhu Wenhui , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntioxidant activity has been found in fermented fish sauce. In this experiment, the properties of endogenous protease and antioxidant activity were studied in anchovy sauce during fermentation. The correlation between protease activity and antioxidant activity in fermented anchovy sauce was analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method.RESULTSThe results showed that at least four proteases were present in the endogenous enzyme solution, and the optimum pH values were 2.5, 5.5, 9.0, and 12.5, respectively. The maximum inhibition rate of endogenous protease, from high to low, was: serine protease inhibitor > trypsin inhibitor > aspartic protease inhibitor (pepsin inhibitor) > cysteine protease inhibitor > metalloprotease inhibitor. At the sixth month of fermentation, fish sauce had stronger trypsin, pepsin‐like activity, and antioxidant activity. At the ninth month of fermentation, the cathepsin activity was greater. A model correlating changes in protease activity with antioxidant activity suggested that the trypsin and serine protease were the main factors affecting antioxidant activity.CONCLUSIONThis study reports a model correlating changes in protease activity with the antioxidant activity of fish sauce. It lays a foundation for further exploration of the formation of antioxidant substances and antioxidant effects during the process of fish sauce fermentation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A pseudotargeted method based on sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra mass spectrometry acquisition and its application in quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine preparation‐Yuanhu Zhitong tablet
Authors: Li Lele , Wang Yang , Li Yuxuan , Zhu Heyun , Feng Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuality control plays a key role in the application of Chinese materia medica, especially in the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. A pseudotargeted analysis method using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry that was operated in the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra mode was proposed to explore the chemical markers of traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Full‐scan‐based untargeted analysis was applied to extract the target ions. After data preprocessing, 302 target ions were extracted and used for the subsequent sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra analyses. The established sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra‐based pseudotargeted approaches exhibited good repeatability and a wide linear range. The established method was successfully applied to discover analytical markers for the Yuanhu Zhitong tablet. After multivariate statistical analysis, 94 potential markers were identified. Ten markers were annotated by matching accurate m/z and product ion information obtained from previous reports. It is clearly indicated that the pseudotargeted analysis could make a great contribution to the quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicine preparation as a newly emerging technique.
Temperature‐dependent evolution of cell morphology and carbon and nutrient content in a marine diatom
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel R. , Beery Sophia M. , Litchman Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhytoplankton are key players in global biogeochemical cycles, and the effects of ocean warming on their carbon–nitrogen–phosphorus (CNP) stoichiometry, photosynthesis, size, morphology, growth rates, and other traits are of great ecological consequence. The physiological mechanisms of adaptation to temperature in phytoplankton are poorly understood, as are the consequences of the evolution of these processes (e.g., nutrient uptake, photosynthesis) for global biogeochemistry. In general, high temperatures favor smaller cells with higher surface area‐to‐volume ratios, but repeatable patterns in cellular CNP stoichiometry across temperature remain elusive. Here, we compared thermal reaction norms for cellular C, N, P, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and for carbon assimilation rate in replicate populations of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana evolved for 500 generations at 16°C and 31°C. We also examined the thermal reaction norms for cell volume and morphological traits. T. pseudonana has a cylindrical frustule and likely primarily exchanges materials with the environment through the round valve faces. We found that the 31°C‐selected T. pseudonana populations had smaller cells and higher per‐biovolume densities of nutrients and Chl a than the 16°C‐selected populations across assay temperatures but there were no detectable patterns in CNP stoichiometry. The 31°C‐selected populations also had higher valve surface area‐to‐cell volume ratio that increased more with temperature, suggesting better nutrient uptake capabilities than in the 16°C‐selected populations. Our study demonstrates that temperature‐dependent physiological plasticity may evolve differently at different temperatures and suggests that future phytoplankton communities will consist of smaller, more nutrient‐dense cells.
Investigation of Self‐Assembly of Symmetric and Asymmetric Peptide Bolaamphiphiles by COSMO‐RS and Atomistic Simulations and Their Interactions with POPC Bilayers
Authors: Lebedenko Charlotta G. , Banerjee Ipsita A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, eight new peptide bolaamphiphiles (PbAs) are designed containing polar (serine or threonine) and nonpolar amino acid head groups (tryptophan or tyrosine) connected by varying aliphatic carbon chains of different lengths and saturation. The physicochemical properties of the bolaamphiphiles are examined by COSMO‐RS to determine sigma profiles, potential, and sigma surfaces. Self‐assembly is studied using atomistic molecular dynamic simulations under protonated and deprotonated conditions. To mimic physiological conditions, simulations are also carried out in the presence of sodium chloride and the impact of salt on the self‐assembly process is also studied. In general, hydrophobic PbAs are found to form higher‐order supramolecular structures while PbAs connected by shorter chains or hydrophilic head groups form globular, more compact structures. Self‐assembly is more favorable when the PbAs are protonated. Membrane interactions are then studied using MD simulations and the results indicate that the hydrophobic PbAs interact more favorably with the POPC membrane surfaces. These simulations provide insights about the intricate interactions and properties of the PbAs and shed light on the ability to form fine‐tuned structures at the nanoscale. This study may lead to the development of novel PbAs for potential applications in a wide variety of biological applications.
Development of a Food Composition Database for Assessing Nitrate and Nitrite Intake from Animal‐based Foods
Authors: Zhong Liezhou , Liu Alex H. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Bondonno Nicola P. , Sim Marc , Woodman Richard J. , Croft Kevin D. , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Catherine P. 
Published: November 2021

ScopeNitrate and nitrite are approved food additives in some animal‐based food products. However, nitrate and nitrite in foods are strictly regulated due to health concerns over methaemoglobinaemia and the potential formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. In contrast, plants (like leafy vegetables) naturally accumulate nitrate ions; a growing body of research reveals beneficial metabolic effects of nitrate via its endogenous conversion to nitric oxide. To refine the association of dietary nitrate and nitrite intake with health outcomes, reliable measures of nitrate and nitrite intake from dietary food records are required. While a vegetable nitrate content database has been developed, there is a need for a comprehensive up‐to‐date nitrate and nitrite content database of animal‐based foods.Methods and ResultsA systematic literature search (1980–September 2020) on the nitrate and nitrite content of animal‐based foods is carried out. Nitrate and nitrite concentration data and other relevant information are extracted and compiled into a database. The database contains 1921 entries for nitrate and 2077 for nitrite, extracted from 193 publications. The highest median nitrate content is observed in chorizo (median [IQR]; 101.61 [60.05–105.93] mg kg‐1). Canned fish products have the highest median nitrite level (median [IQR]; 20.32 [6.16–30.16] mg kg‐1). By subgroup, the median nitrate value in industrial processed meat products (e.g., uncured burger, patties and sausages), whole milk powder and in particular red meat are higher than cured meat products. Processed meat products from high‐income regions have lower median nitrate and nitrite content than those of middle‐income regions.ConclusionThis database can now be used to investigate the associations between nitrate and nitrite dietary intake and health outcomes in clinical trials and observational studies.
An efficient computational approach for three‐dimensional modeling and simulation of fibrous battery electrodes
Authors: Goudarzi Mohsen , Grazioli Davide , Simone Angelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFibrous electrodes are a promising alternative to conventional particle‐based lithium‐ion battery electrodes. In this contribution, we propose an efficient computational approach for the modeling and simulation of electrochemical phenomena taking place in fibrous electrodes during battery charge/discharge processes. Since each fiber is explicitly modeled by means of a dimensionally reduced embedded fiber model, the framework enables simulations in a three‐dimensional setting with relatively modest discretization and computational requirements compared to simulations with fully resolved fiber discretizations. The approach is applied to electrodes with high volume fractions of high aspect ratio fibers. Various local and global quantities are analyzed and results are compared to those obtained with the standard finite element method and the pseudo‐2D model.