bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic Immersed Boundary method for moving bodies and FSI applications
Authors: Capizzano Francesco , Sucipto Triyantono 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The document describes the CIRA and IBK collaborative research during the European Project UHURA. The latter aims to characterize the dynamic unsteady flow due to the deployment of a high-lift device at approach/landing conditions. The present work is devoted to the comprehension of the unsteady phenomena during the device motion by means of a coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach. In particular, the CIRA in-house immersed boundary (IB) code is extended to treat moving bodies and dynamic mesh refinements with the goal of simulating compressible and viscous flows around moving/deforming objects.
The basic idea considers the motion of Lagrangian bodies through an inertial Cartesian mesh. Differently from classic moving-mesh approaches, the Cartesian cells do not move in space but rather they observe the solid walls crossing themselves. A moving least-square procedure (MLSQ) is used to build up a dynamic discrete forcing. The rigid body motion feature has been validated by simulating well-known benchmarks available in literature.
A proper interface for coupling the IB method with a finite-element (FEM) solver is developed in the framework of a partitioned approach. In particular, the shared platform drives the solution sequence and allows exploring different coupling strategies. The aim is to simplify and automatize the study of complex flows whose characteristics strongly depends on the structural properties of moving objects. The final application deals with the FSI simulation of a high-lift device during its deployment phase.
Progress towards simulation of Krueger device motion with Lattice Boltzmann Methods
Authors: Ponsin J , Lozano C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents preliminary results of the application of a Lattice-Boltzmann code to the prediction of the unsteady aerodynamics present during the deployment/retraction of a Krueger device. The present study has been performed within the EU-Project UHURA, which is dedicated to the validation of URANS and other unsteady flow simulation methodologies for the prediction of the flow on high lift devices designed for laminar wings. Several case setup issues are examined and verification with RANS is presented. Lessons learned during the first phase of the project are drawn.
Hybrid electric distributed propulsion overall aircraft design process and models for general aviation (FAST GA)
Authors: Ruscio J P , Jezegou J , Benard E , Pacheco A Gomez , Laonet P , Castilla R Alonso 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the frame of the European objectives in terms of CO2 emissions, the aeronautics is looking for a technological rupture to achieve them, in particular, the aircraft design domain pursuits this through the research of innovative architectures. One of these innovative configurations currently being explored includes the hybrid electric energy source (thermal/electric) for Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) architecture. This Paper details a code developed to size a general aviation aircraft at concept level, by only defining its top level requirements and the main architecture parameters. The code can manage both conventional and hybrid power source as well as concentred or distributed propulsion architectures in order to allow the user to evaluate and compare the feasibility and benefits respectively of these innovative architectures. This code is a branch of the code “FAST-CS25” (Future Aircraft Sizing Tool for conventional CS-25 type) held by ONERA/ISAE-SUPAERO. The presented work aims at the expansion of the FAST code to CS-23 conventional type, hybrid electric energy source, and distributed propulsion system configurations. Through this paper, the models and the main sizing loops for the concept design are described, but putting special emphasis on the distributed propulsion aerodynamics and wing mass estimation. These detailed models where validated with the NASA X-57 DEP aircraft satisfactory. The whole concept design loop of a hybrid energy aircraft was validated with the eGenius hybrid energy aircraft.
Concept of Operation for integrating RPAS into terminal airspace
Authors: Perez-Castan JA , Aznar Olmos J , Gómez Comendador F , Rodríguez-Sanz A , Arnaldo Valdes RM 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) is a capital issue for the majority of aviation actors nowadays. The integration of RPAS is an extremely demanding task that must be tackled by multiple standpoints: economic, social, technological or environmental among others. U-space is the answer from Europe to design the operation of multiple and different types of RPAS. U-space is a set of novel services designed to support efficient, safe and secure access to airspace, from the very low level to the upper airspace. This paper focuses on the terminal airspace to design the operational concept for the integration of RPAS in conjunction with conventional aircraft and general aviation. This work develops a holistic methodology to analyse the way RPAS integration affect crucial factors and tries to bring to the light different issues that can frustrate their integration. First, we focus on detailing the requirements specified by RPAS legislation. Second, all the requirements are gathered into different categories to perform further analysis. The categorisation identifies navigation, communication, surveillance, air traffic management and control, and safety as crucial categories (security is out of the scope of this study). The results provide for each category a proposal about how to solve the integration and implementation of RPAS in a TMA.
Integration of rule-based ‘Expert Systems’ on RPAS capable of Specific Category Operations within the U-space: an original mitigation strategy for operational safety risks
Authors: Bonfante F , Dalla Vedova M D L , Maggiore P , Grimaccia F , Filippone E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of RPAS for civil purposes is spreading across Europe and worldwide; Aviation Authorities are working to layout regulations to assure a safe and secure integration of RPAS with manned aircraft across both controlled and uncontrolled (below 500 Feet of altitude) airspace. Following the identification of a selection of safety risks potentially associated to RPAS Specific Category of operations, an original strategy of risks mitigation focused on rule-based ‘Expert Systems’, has been conceived and it is discussed in this work. The article recalls the main components of rule-based ‘Expert Systems’ that is the knowledge basis and the rules to instruct the ‘Expert system’. Then the work describes the implementation of the rules as statements derived from a safety risk matrix associated to RPAS capable of performing Specific Category operations within the U-space. Finally, the idea of integrating the ‘Expert System’ as a software module within RPAS functional architecture is presented and discussed. Such solution is deemed to be a valuable novelty for future implementations of advanced RPAS autopilots capable of recognizing and solving in flight/on ground operational safety risks in such a way to speed up the integration of RPAS into not segregated airspace and their market development.
Learning how to escape the unthinkable with virtual reality: the case of pilots’ training on emergency procedures
Authors: Lekea Dr. Ioanna K. , Stamatelos Dr. Dimitrios G. , Raptis Pantelis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The focus of this paper is the development of a digital escape room for pilots’ training in flight safety procedures. To this end, we will discuss the methodology we used in order to make sure that each stage of the evolution of our digital platform is safe and suitable for educational use. Therefore, we will analyse the first stages towards the construction and evaluation of the scenarios incorporated in our entirely digital escape room that is intended for the T-6A Texan II pilots’ education. Because of the educational character of the digital escape room, the theoretical background of our research is extremely important, since it provides the escape room with the educational aspect. As a result, for the narratives of our simulations and the development of our emergency cases, we used as our baseline the flight manual, the boldface procedures and the operating limitations of T-6A aircraft and we selected the categories of incidents/emergencies to be used as part of our virtual escape room. We, then, constructed the trial-run scenarios that we asked pilots to solve. Finally, we conducted extensive field research with the development and use of appropriate questionnaires and interviews to evaluate the realism of our scenarios. Based on the feedback we received from the field research, we will conclude this paper by discussing the limitations of this study, but also our ideas for future improvements and a timeline on our research progress, as well as on further developing our virtual escape room.
The effects of Virtual Reality technology application in the aircraft pilot training process
Authors: Dymora Pawel , Kowal Bartosz , Mazurek Miroslaw , Romana Sliwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we focus on some problems related to virtual reality technology usage in supporting the educational process. The main goal is to obtain the optimal duration of exposure to virtual reality without the appearance of physiological problems for the user affected the achievement of teaching outcomes. Most of the characteristics of virtual reality software at the same time point out some issues in the areas of technological innovations, especially in the health context. The presented example of the VR environment’s training application shows the effectiveness of VR methods and their possibilities in training aircraft pilots. Teaching involving VR allowed to achieve, on average, as much as 90% correct answers, which in comparison with traditional methods resulted in an increase of 21 to 32.7% of correct answers in comparison with training using VR. The research confirmed that a critical challenge in the context of the broader use of VR in education is to appropriately adapt the learning materials and content to the technical requirements. Then, in certain areas, the use of VR is beneficial.
Tactical Runway Scheduling for Demand and Delay Management
Authors: Rodríguez-Sanz Álvaro , Cózar Pablo López , Pérez-Castán Javier A. , Comendador Fernando Gómez 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Airports are limited in terms of capacity. Particularly, runways can only accommodate a certain number of movements (arrivals and departures) while ensuring safety and determined operational requirements. In such a constrained operating environment, any reduction in system capacity results in major delays with significant costs for airlines and passengers. Therefore, the efficient operation of airports is a critical cornerstone for demand and delay management of the whole air transportation system. Runway scheduling deals with the sequencing of arriving and departing aircraft at airports such that a predefined objective is optimized subject to several operational constraints, like the dependency of separation on the leading and trailing aircraft type or the runway occupancy time. Scheduling arrivals and departures at runways is a complex problem that needs to address diverse and often competing considerations among involved flights. In the context of the Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) programme, airport operators and air navigation service providers require arrival and departure management tools that improve aircraft flows at airports. Airport runway optimization, as the main element that combines airside and groundside operations, is an ongoing challenge for air traffic management. By considering real airport performance data with scheduled and actual movements, as well as arrival/departure delays, we present a robust model together with an optimization algorithm, which incorporates the knowledge of uncertainty into the tactical operational step. Our model has been validated with real data from a large international European airport in different traffic scenarios. Results are compared to the actual sequencing of flights and show that the algorithm can significantly contribute to the reduction of delay, while adhering as much as possible to the operative procedures and constraints, and to the objectives of the airport stakeholders. Computational experiments performed on the case study illustrate the benefits of this arrival/departure integrated approach.
High mach number drag analysis of a modern lightweight launch vehicle
Authors: French Ainslie D , Schettino Antonio , Romano Luca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents predictions of pressure and frictional drag using on the individual components of the VEGA C Light Launch Vehicle propelled by a solid rocket motor over a hypersonic Mach number range from five to eight at nominal atmospheric conditions associated with the corresponding stage of the ascent trajectory. Both motor-off and motor-on conditions are simulated to isolate the motor-on effects. A series of simulations were also performed in off-nominal conditions by varying the Reynolds number and mass flow rate to examine the effects on drag under more extreme conditions. The results indicate that the differences between the motor-off and motor-on cases in nominal conditions are mainly due to base drag. With the motor-on the base pressure increases thereby reducing the total drag. In the off-nominal conditions, when the Reynolds number is increased there is a reduction in drag, and when the nozzle mass flow rate is decreased there is an increase in drag. Conversely, when the Reynolds number is decreased and the nozzle mass flow rate is increased, the opposite effect occurs. However, for very low Reynolds numbers, an incipient separation can occur on the first stage, which also influences the drag.
The role of Climate Change Levy schemes in aviation decarbonization by 2050
Authors: Arnaldo Valdés Rosa M , Gómez Comendador V Fernando 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aviation emissions from 2016 to 2050 could consume between 12% and 27% of the remaining carbon budget to keep global temperature rise below 1.5C above preindustrial levels. Consequently, aviation is being challenged to immediately start to reduce its in-sector emissions, then sharply reduce its CO2 emissions and fully decarbonize toward the second half of this century. Among the analyses carried out within the Horizon 2020 project PARE – Perspectives for Aeronautical Research in Europe, this paper tackles the potential role of Climate Change Levy Schemes in achieving the ambitious objective of aviation decarbonization by the year 2050.
Fast-acting shut-off and control ball valve application for control of gas flow rate to power plant boilers
Authors: Boldyrev I A , Kharitonov N V , Beokash A A , Menshikov P D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The work describes the design and algorithms for controlling the fast-acting shut-off and control ball valve calculation of the reliability of the natural gas flow control system for the power plant boiler. Its application makes it possible to improve the quality of fuel combustion control, as well as to reduce the quantity of shut-off and control valves of gas channel, which in turn also leads to improvement of reliability of the system as a whole.
The application of solar collectors in district heating systems: a case study in Krasnodar Krai
Authors: Buzoverov E A , Zhuk A Z 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Though renewable energy sources are widely used around the world, the cost of “green” energy in most cases is still uncompetitive with the “traditional” one. This is most pronounced in countries and regions with a developed resource base, including Russia. However, renewable energy sources in some cases can be successfully implemented in district heating systems using natural gas. This paper reports on the effective use of simple design solar collectors in a gasified central heat supply system in the city of Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai, with the cost of heat generated does not exceed 0.01 USD/kWh. The conditions for reproduction of this project are defined following the results of its operation.
Hybrid heat supply systems using alternative and renewable energy sources
Authors: Gasho E G , Govorin A V , Kiseleva A I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The task of creating combined energy sources to cover diverse (thermal, electrical, etc.) loads is not entirely new. In the countries of the European Union (EU), hybrid energy systems for buildings, which combine heating, domestic hot water, as well as air conditioning, have long been widely used. The programs and normative documents adopted in these countries on improving the energy efficiency of heat supply and the use of renewable energy sources (RES) for this have contributed to the widespread introduction of hybrid systems and installations. The study analyzes the potential of non-traditional and renewable sources for energy supply systems of facilities. The world experience of introducing alternative energy sources is considered and the state and implementation of hybrid schemes in Russia is assessed. Hybrid power supply options for facilities for various purposes are proposed. The key problems of active use are examined and ways to solve them are proposed.
Distributed energy technology development
Authors: Losev O G , Melnik D A , Grigoriev A S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article presents preliminary results of work on the development of advanced technologies for the development of distributed energy. In particular, the results of the first stage of creating control algorithms in a distributed power supply network and creating a simple scheme of interaction between two consumers with their own generation sources are shown. Calculations and testing of the selected principles of interaction in the MATLAB/Simulink program showed the efficiency of the decisions made.
Assessment of the intensity and flow of straight solar radiation falling onto the horizontal surface of a room
Authors: Yaremenko S A , Sheps R A , Mershchiev A A , Lobanov D V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental studies of straight solar radiation in the Central Chernozem region of Russia. The intensity and flow of straight solar radiation falling onto a horizontal surface of a room were evaluated. Measurements were made of the flow of straight solar radiation on a horizontal surface through a translucent structure. Experimental data were obtained using a high-class measuring device in the period from July 1 to August 1. The measurement results showed an intense wave-like change in the solar radiation flux over 8 hours. The paper describes a method for estimating the intensity and flow of straight solar radiation falling onto a horizontal surface of a room. This method of evaluating daytime radiation allows one to determine the density of the total and straight radiation flux. Using this estimate to calculate solar installations used in the Central Chernozem region, their efficiency will increase by 10%.
Improvements of choice of the water-chemical regime of reserve osmosis installation
Authors: Odoevtseva M V , Spiridonov D A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of monitoring the composition and intensity of deposits on reverse osmosis membranes is shown. The use of test installations of the NGO “NPK Mediana-Filter” speeds up and significantly reduces the labor intensity of monitoring deposits in the conditions of industrial operation of reverse osmosis installations. The effectiveness of determining the composition and intensity of deposits on the membrane surface using the energy dispersive analysis method was revealed. The effectiveness of commercial formulations for cleaning intensely contaminated membranes is not always sufficient. The use of ready-made solutions from various manufacturers excludes the possibility of a targeted selection of the concentration of a solvent to remove deposits from the membrane surface, provided that these solutions are safe for the operating parameters of the membranes. The monitoring results made it possible to implement a targeted choice of compositions of detergent mixtures, their combinations and the regime of their effect on deposits on membranes, provided that the pH of the solutions is stable throughout the entire cleaning time. Controlling the intensity of the formation of deposits according to the data of test installations will reduce the laboriousness of choosing the optimal water-chemical regime of an industrial reverse osmosis plant, which will reduce the rate of formation of deposits, increase the service life of membrane elements of an industrial water treatment plant with a consistently high quality of demineralized water.
Integrated information system of life cycle support of networks and electrical network equipment
Authors: Safronov V V , Barabanov V F , Nuzhnyy A M , Grebennikova N I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Taking into account the concept of seamless integration, this paper presents the structural and functional scheme of information systems’ integration. The proposed scheme is specified for typical life cycle control systems of networks and electrical network equipment in information systems, with the dominant use of domestic software products. In the proposed scheme, the functional features and limitations of the module for controlling and correcting drawings, as well as the module for digitizing archive documentation, are clarified to form a unified system for digital prototyping of products in the context of a continuous lifecycle. We present the developed structure of the integrated information system for lifecycle support of networks and electrical network equipment. An integrated information system for lifecycle support implies the implementation of software in the form of a series of specialized platform-independent software intermodular interfaces, which allows for quick configuration of the system for the existing industry and enterprise specifics.
Effectiveness of the joint scheme of steam-power and combined-cycle power units using the example of the Nevinnomyssk State Regional Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Shaposhnikov V V , Batko D N , Mihalko Ya O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We attempt to solve the problem of displacing high-temperature steam bleeding in a steam turbine plant at the first regenerative heater after intermediate overheating. This can be achieved when the thermal power plant contains heterogeneous equipment, in particular, a steam turbine and combined cycle power units. The authors proposed an energy-efficient scheme for the joint operation of steam turbine unit and steam-turbine part of a combined cycle plant with the displacement of high-temperature steam onto the high-pressure feed heater (HPFH 2) using the dry steam from the medium-pressure drum of the waste boiler in order to increase the upper limit of the power plant’s control range. For this research, Nevinnomyssk TPP was selected as one of the main energy facilities of the Unified Energy System of Southern Russia. We studied the joint operation of the steam turbine unit K-160-130 and the combined cycle plant CCP-410 manufactured by Siemens, Germany. We developed the methodology and calculated the energy efficiency of the new power plant operation scheme. According to the calculation results, the total increase in power amounted to 6.03 MW, while there was an increase in electrical gross efficiency by 0.64%. An assessment of the economic effect of the applied solution for the conditions of the Nevinnomyssk TPP demonstrated that the annual increase in net profit will amount to 14.47 million rubles, and the payback period of investments is 4.2 months.