bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring magnetic fields in laser-driven coils with dual-axis proton deflectometry
Authors: Bradford P , Dearling A , Ehret M , Antonelli L , Booth N , Carroll D C , Clarke R J , Glize K , Heathcote R , Khan M , Moody J D , Pikuz S , Pollock B B , Read M P , Ryazantsev S , Spindloe C , Ridgers C P , Santos J J , Tikhonchuk V T , Woolsey N C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By driving hot electrons between two metal plates connected by a wire loop, high power lasers can generate multi-tesla, quasi-static magnetic fields in miniature coil targets. Many experiments involving laser-coil targets rely on proton deflectometry directed perpendicular to the coil axis to extract a measurement of the magnetic field. In this paper, we show that quantitative measurements using perpendicular probing are complicated by the presence of GV m−1 electric fields in the target that develop on sub-ns timescales. Probing parallel to the coil axis with fiducial grids is shown to reliably separate the electric and magnetic field measurements, giving current estimates of I ≈ 5 kA in 1 mm- and 2 mm-diameter wire loops. An analytic model of proton deflection in electric and magnetic fields is used to benchmark results from the particle-in-cell code and help deconvolve the magnetic and electric field deflections. Results are used to motivate a new experimental scheme that combines a single-plate target with axial proton probing and direct current measurements. This scheme has several important advantages over the traditional target and diagnostic set-up, enabling the robust measurement of coil magnetic fields and plasma properties, as well as making it easier to validate different theoretical models at a range of laser intensities.
KT-E-invexity in E-differentiable vector optimization problems
Authors: Abdulaleem Najeeb 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new concept of generalized convexity is introduced for E-differentiable vector optimization problems. Namely, the concept of KT-E-invexity is defined for (not necessarily) differentiable vector optimization problems in which the functions involved are E-differentiable. The sufficiency of the so-called E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is established for the considered E-differentiable multiobjective programming problem under assumption that is KT-E-invex at an E-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point. Further, the examples of KT-E-invex optimization problems with E-differentiable functions are constructed to illustrate the aforesaid results. Moreover, the so-called vector Mond-Weir E-dual problem is also derived for the considered E-differentiable vector optimization problem and several E-duality theorems in the sense of Mond-Weir are derived under KT-E-invexity hypotheses.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 90C26, 90C29, 90C30, 90C46.
Numerical solution of the Harry Dym equation using Chebyshev spectral method via Lie group method
Authors: Assabaai M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study represents the solution of the Harry Dym equation (HDE) that was calculated using the Lie symmetry group method. This method transforms the controlled partial differential equation with boundary and initial conditions to the problem that containing boundary value of ordinary differential equation. The Chebyshev spectral approximation method is used to solve this problem numerically. This approach is performing by using the highest order derivatives of Chebyshev approximations, as starting steps, followed by getting approximations to the derivatives of lower order. Our obtained numerical results were compared with other works is done. It is seen that the proposed method for the Harry Dym equation gives more accurate results comparing with mentioned works.
The effect of volume and concentration of AgNO3 aqueous solutions on silver nanoparticles synthesized using Ziziphus Spina–Christi leaf extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Bamsaoud Salim F. , Basuliman M M , Bin-Hameed E A , Balakhm S M , Alkalali A S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present study, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus spina–Christi (ZSC). The volume and the concentration of the aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) were studied to evaluate their effects on the synthesized SNPs. A various AgNO3 volume of (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL) having a constant concentration were mixed separately with a fixed concentration of ZSC leaf extract. Moreover, AgNO3 with various concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM) were investigated to synthesize SNPs. The optical, surface morphological, and antibacterial properties were studied for these SNPs. The optical properties were characterized using UV-Visible spectra. The particle size and morphology were checked using a dynamic light scattering (LDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). All the synthesized particles were spherical in shape and well-dispersed with average sizes (21-42 nm). The SNPs prepared by varying AgNO3 volumes have an average size of (23 nm). The variation of AgNO3 concentration has a redshift in the surface plasmon resonant (SPR) band which indicates an increase in the size of particles (25-42 nm) as confirmed by TEM. The biosynthesized SNPs exhibited good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (Esch. coli) bacteria.
Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid – PLAL and Study their physical Properties
Authors: Ferman A K h , Jaber G h S , Mahmood W 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZnO NPs are manufactured using pulsed laser ablation in double distilled water (DDW). Nd:Yag laser used as a source of energy for this research by immersing the zinc-target in DDW water. The glass container with laser pulses was rotated to prevent etching effect and getting homogenous distribution particles. By changing the parameters (laser energy and number of pulses), the results were collected and examined using an ultra violet-visible spectrum and electron scanning microscope. The calculations revealed the colloidal spherical shape and the homogeneous structure for the ZnO NPs. The band gap plot display varies in the band gap proportional with particle size, this result agree with effective mass model.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Assaiq and Senah Hot Springs Water in Hadhramout-Yemen and the Assessment of Water Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes
Authors: Bamsaoud Salim F. , Bin Saeed Fizan F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
AL-Diss Ashrqiya, known for its hot springs water. This study was performed to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of Assaiq and Senah springs water that located in AL-Diss Ashrqiya. The study was already done for the period (January 2017-December 2018) to assess water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results showed that the values of water temperature, the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, sulfate SO4
2-, fluoride F−, manganese Mn−, calcium Ca+2, potassium K+, are not within the permissible levels of Yemeni and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Therefore, the water of Assaiq and Senah can be classified as undrinkable water. In comparison with the Eaton classification, the water of Assaiq and Senah springs are not suitable for irrigation purposes due to the higher conductivity, as it is water with acute problems. Also, in comparison with the standards of the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) results show that water of Assaiq and Senah can be used to irrigate crops that are more tolerant of salinity.
Natural Radioactivity Measurements for Assessment Radiation from soils of Hadhramout Region, Yemen
Authors: Barashed H M , Nafee S S , Al-Othmany Dhya , Hamidalddin Safia H Q , Alzahrani J H , Alharbi W R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclides were performed on soil samples collected at various depth levels from different locations in the Hadhramout region, Yemen. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were determined by gamma spectrometry detector. The measurement concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K in the soil samples ranged from 9.25 to 423.84 Bq/kg, 7.85 to 667.23 Bq/kg, and from 31.54 to 373.12 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides are compared with the recommended values. According to the present lower concentration levels of 137Cs, it does not pose any radiological complication. However, this data may provide a general background level for the area studied and may also serve as a guideline for future measurement and assessment of possible radiological risks to human health in this region.
A Holistic methodology for lifecycle energy consumption of heritage buildings
Authors: Al-Sakkaf A , Abdelkader E M , El-Zahab S , Bagchi A , Zayed T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heritage buildings are historically exceptional in their landscape and specific attention must be paid to their architectural element and components. Recently, the techniques that are utilized for the study and protection of cultural heritage have been on the rise in the research field. Studies have shown that project life cycle phases can be implemented to determine the performance of a given building in general. However, heritage buildings and their need were not considered. The project life cycle phases include: 1) planning, 2) manufacturing, 3) transportation, 4) construction, 5) operation and 6) maintenance phases. In addition, there is a need for an encompassing rating system that is capable of determining the most optimal pathway for rehabilitating heritage buildings. Hence, this article aims to present a comprehensive life cycle energy analysis model that optimizes expenditure over all building components by optimizing the budget. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, two case studies are applied in this research-GN in Canada and MP in the KSA.
Decision Support NSGA-II Optimization Method for Resource-Constrained Schedule Compression with Allowed Activity Splitting
Authors: Elkabalawy M , Al-Sakkaf A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the course of a construction project, the project manager’s task is to ensure timely and cost-effective execution of the job. However, it is common that delays and over-budgeting to be experienced during the project execution. This schedule acceleration requires resource planning to account for the project’s limited resources. Therefore, this study proposes an integrated method that allows for joint consideration of project scheduling and resource planning while accounting for activity splitting. The objective is to determine the project’s optimal cost and duration while considering some input parameters such as the crew’s size and project’s activities’ cost and duration. The proposed method utilized the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize the project duration and cost. Accordingly, the Weighted Sum was used as a multi-criteria decision support method to choose an optimal solution from the optimization results. The developed scheduling and optimization method is coded in Python as a stand-alone, automated, computerized tool to facilitate its application. A numerical example, utilizing the developed method, is employed to show the method’s robustness and assess its performance against other previously developed methods. Results indicated the developed method’s dominance in finding optimal solutions in a reasonable time avoiding local minima entrapment.
Likelihood ratio test for the mean of asymptotic spatial regression with the Brownian sheet noise
Authors: Somayasa W , Sahupala R , Sutiari D K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Likelihood ratio test (LR-test) is frequently applied in regression analysis when the observations are normally distributed. However, when the normality assumption is violated, such a test can not be directly adopted in practice. In this work, we propose an approach by firstly transforming the observations to a set-indexed partial sums process. The limit model under this transformation is presented as a deterministic trend plus a random noise given by the set-indexed Brownian sheet. We show that the problem of testing the appropriateness of a model can be handled step-wise by testing the validity of the trend in the limit model by defining an LR-test based on the ratio between the likelihood function under H
0 and under H
0
∪ H
1. The rejection region as well as the power of the size α LR-test are obtained based on the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formula of the Radon-Nikodym derivative of the set-indexed partial sums limit process of the observation with respect to the set-indexed Brownian sheet. Simulation study shows that the proposed test behaves as a consistent test in that it maximizes the power when H
1 is true. Application of the method to real data can help in detecting valid regression model describing the variability of the maximum height of corn plants over the experimental region.
Theoretical study of the differential equation concept of tsunami waves using the leapfrog scheme
Authors: Fauzi Yulian , Memi Mayasari Zulfia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research work, tsunami wave propagation models and the underlying theory are examined through solving numerical wave-based partial differential equations using the leapfrog scheme. Following the wave physics theory, shallow water equations are explored for their basics and influential parameters; then, numerical methods are employed to solve said equations. As a result, the derivatives of shallow water equations for tsunami propagation modeling have been successfully formulated.
Stability Analysis and Numerical Simulation of a Diffusive Prey-Predator Holling Type II Model
Authors: Satria A , Putri A R , Syafwan M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The prey predator interaction is fundamental and important process in a population dynamic. In this paper, a diffusive prey predator holling type II model considering limitation of the prey growth is presented. The model consists two distinct populations. Model is a nonlinear system of partial differential equations which is a initial boundary value problem. The behaviour solution of the model was analyzed by analyzing stability of the critical point. In solving this system, we use Homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. Numerical solution was determined by using finite difference method. The results show that the diffusive model illustrates a spreading population over a limited area.
On Locating Chromatic Number of Disconnected Graph
Authors: Welyyanti D , Azhari M , Lestari R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Let is H a disconnected graph and c is the locating k-coloring of H. The locating-chromatic number of H, denoted by XL
'
(H), is the smallest k such that H admits a locating-coloring with k colors. In this paper, we study the locating-chromatic number of disconnected graph with path P
4 and double stars Sm,n
graph as its components.
Logistic Regression Model for Entrepreneurial Capability Factors in Tourism Development of the Rural Areas with Bayesian Inference Approach
Authors: Devianto Dodi , Maryati Sri , Rahman Hafiz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The logistic regression model is used to analyze the entrepreneurial capability factors in the rural area’s tourism development with the Bayesian inference approach due to a small number of sample sizes. This study is conducted with sixty nascent entrepreneurs from the rural areas at Nagari Batang Barus of Solok regency in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Scaled categorical response variable indicated by insufficient, sufficient, average and excellence as the response category are used to measure the entrepreneurial capability of the respondents. The predictor variables are demographic dimensions, namely gender, education level, and occupation. At the same time, the variables of the entrepreneurial dimension are indicated by entrepreneurial motive, working motive, social motive, individual motive, and economic motive. The result shows that only the predictor variables of social motive and entrepreneurial motive affect significantly with a hit ratio of 76.67%. This model has a better fit by using Bayesian logistic regression with a small sample size. Social motive and entrepreneurial motive have the main rule in developing tourism business in the rural area based on the character of the local inhabitant and creative economy.
The utilization of graph applications in the making of Angkot B2 lines (Minggu of market – Black River) Bengkulu city
Authors: Novianita L , Haji S , Herawaty D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study discusses how the application of graph theory is used to assist in the construction of the B2 angkot route in Bengkulu City so that it is more regular and can reduce congestion. With a neat and orderly route, it can help make it easier for people to determine which angkot they will use to get to their chosen destination. This research will use the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman). The results showed that the trajectory made by the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman) can solve traffic jams.
Simple Design of Control Motor AC for Rotary Force spinning
Authors: Syam R , Kamaruddin  , Ichzan N , Munir Muhammad MM , Khairurrijal  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of rotary forcespinning in the manufacture of nanofibers should receive special attention because of its ability to produce fibers with high production rates and can be applied to both solution and melt form materials. To produce fiber, this rotary forcespinning technique utilizes centrifugal force emanating from a high-speed, large-torque motor rotation. AC motor is an option in fulfilling the need for fiber manufacturing using this system. The amount of torque and the high maximum rotation speed of the motorbike provides an answer to the needs of the rotary forcespinning system. However, behind the advantages of these motors, controlling the motor rotation speed is a separate problem that needs to be resolved. Therefore the aim of this research is to create a simple system to control AC motors by utilizing a microcontroller system and an AC dimmer circuit that functions to regulate the AC voltage that enters the motor. The results obtained indicate that the simple system design can produce rotation on an AC motor with good linearity, although the error value obtained is still high and needs further refinement.
Synthesis and characterization of pyrite mineral from rock deposits in Bantimurung Maros Regency of South Sulawesi
Authors: Ichzan N , Agussalim A , Syam R , Rahman I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study has successfully obtained the mineral pyrite (iron pyrite persulfide) and Hematite (Fe2O3) of the natural resources in the Bantimurung District, Maros, South Sulawesi. The method used in this purification is the hydrothermal method. Based on the characterization results, it was obtained pyrite mineral with high purity (more than 90%). Based on the analysis, this material has a cubic structure P a -3 with lattice parameters a = 5.4167 Å and a space structure for the hematite group -R 32 c with lattice parameters a = 5.048 Å, b = 5.048 Å, and c = 13,762 Å. These results are consistent with the surface morphology characterized using SEM with various magnifications showing uneven particle distribution with a particle size of 5 µm-100 nm. The results of characterization and analysis of XRF and XRD show that the degree of crystallization and homogeneity of natural material deposits in Bantimurung are rich in iron, magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), which appear with a high percentage, and high value minerals such as molybdenum (Mo) and neodymium with a low percentage. With this composition, the materials in Bantimurung have the potential to be used as photovoltaic coatings in solar cell applications, production of sulfur dioxide, paper industry, manufacture of sulfuric acid, semiconductor materials, and applications in sodium and lithium batteries.
Geoelectric Sounding for Identification of Aquifer Layer in East Turatea Village South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nurfalaq Aryadi , Jumardi Andi , Manrulu Rahma Hi , Nawir Alfian , Prasetyawati Umar Emi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
East Turatea Village farmers still depend on rainwater for irrigating their rice fields. This study aims to identify groundwater aquifers in the village of East Turatea which can be used as water sources in irrigating rice fields. The method used is the correlation of well data and Vertical Electric Sounding (VES). Well data is result of water table mapping at three measuring stations. Measure the resistivity of rock using a resistivity meter with a length of 200 m with two Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) points. The measurement results are then processed using Progress software to produce a Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) with a resistivity variation to depth. The result this study found that East Turatea Village’s groundwater system in the form of shallow groundwater aquifer has a resistivity value of 0.84-5.5 Ohm.m at a depth of 6.04-31.88 m. Meanwhile, deep groundwater aquifers are at a depth of more than 53.8 m with a resistivity value of 1.94 - 2.75 Ohm.m. East Turatea Village groundwater aquifer is estimated to consist of permeable layer such as sand which is in a saturated zone.
Characterization of Morphological and Crystal Structure of Coral Reefs Samples from Depapre District, Papua
Authors: Dahlan K , Haryati E , Sokoy Y D , Togibasa O , Sa’adah U 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are concern about a massive volume of unused and dead coral reefs that lie along the coastline in Depapre district, Papua Province. The application of this natural waste is strictly limited due to lack of public knowledge about the advantage of this material for any purposes. This study aims to determine the potential application of unused and dead coral reefs by characterizing their morphology and its crystal structure. One of the major advantages of this study is to find out whether this material can is suitable to use as basic material in synthesis of hydroxyapatite. There are three types of coral reefs that obtained from the area, including Acropora cervicornis, Porites mayeri, and Pocillopora damicornis. These three types of coral reefs were characterized to determine their crystal structure using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and their morphological shape by using a digital microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The characterization procedure was carried out before the calcination process and after the procedure at a temperature of 1000°C. This study have found that the samples had different size in terms of pores. Prior to the calcination process, all samples showed a single phase that consist of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the structure form of Aragonite crystal. After the calcination procedure, the crystal structure was shifted to Calcite and it was also decomposed to CaO. The particle size of the reef powder was much smaller in volume and it was more homogeneous after it went through the calcination process, in which it ranges from 3 μm to 5 μm.