bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using identity calls to detect structure in acoustic datasets
Authors: Hersh Taylor A. , Gero Shane , Rendell Luke , Whitehead Hal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Acoustic analyses can be powerful tools for illuminating structure within and between populations, especially for cryptic or difficult to access taxa. Acoustic repertoires are often compared using aggregate similarity measures across all calls of a particular type, but specific group identity calls may more clearly delineate structure in some taxa.

We present a new method—the identity call method—that estimates the number of acoustically distinct subdivisions in a set of repertoires and identifies call types that characterize those subdivisions. The method uses contaminated mixture models to identify call types, assigning each call a probability of belonging to each type. Repertoires are hierarchically clustered based on similarities in call type usage, producing a dendrogram with ‘identity clades’ of repertoires and the ‘identity calls’ that best characterize each clade. We validated this approach using acoustic data from sperm whales, grey‐breasted wood‐wrens and Australian field crickets, and ran a suite of tests to assess parameter sensitivity.

For all taxa, the method detected diagnostic signals (identity calls) and structure (identity clades; sperm whale subpopulations, wren subspecies and cricket species) that were consistent with past research. Some datasets were more sensitive to parameter variation than others, which may reflect real uncertainty or biological variability in the taxa examined. We recommend that users perform comparative analyses of different parameter combinations to determine which portions of the dendrogram warrant careful versus confident interpretation.

The presence of group‐characteristic identity calls does not necessarily mean animals perceive them as such. Fine‐scale experiments like playbacks are a key next step to understand call perception and function. This method can help inform such studies by identifying calls that may be salient to animals and are good candidates for investigation or playback stimuli. For cryptic or difficult to access taxa with group‐specific calls, the identity call method can aid managers in quantifying behavioural diversity and/or identifying putative structure within and between populations, given that acoustic data can be inexpensive and minimally invasive to collect.

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Biological evaluation the 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzodiazaborinin‐4(1H)‐ones as potential dual α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitors with antioxidant properties
Authors: Mphahlele Malose J. , Magwaza Nontokozo M. , Malindisa Sibusiso T. , Choong Yee Siew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzodiazaborinin‐4(1H)‐ones (azaborininone) were synthesized as analogues of the 2‐arylquinazoline‐4‐ones and screened through enzymatic assay in vitro for inhibitory effect against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase activities. These azaborininones exhibited moderate to good inhibitory effect against these enzymes compared to acarbose used as a reference standard. The results are supported by the enzyme‐ligand interactions through kinetics (in vitro) and molecular docking (in silico) studies. The test compounds also exhibited significant antioxidant activity through the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging assays. These azaborininone derivatives exhibited no effect on the viability of the human lung cancer (A549) cell line after 24 hr and were also not toxic towards the Vero cells.
Inflammatory factors, genetic variants, and predisposition for preterm birth
Authors: Couceiro Joana , Matos Irina , Mendes José João , Baptista Pedro V. , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Quintas Alexandre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreterm birth is a major clinical and public health challenge, with a prevalence of 11% worldwide. It is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years old and represents 70% of neonatal deaths and 75% of neonatal morbidity. Despite the clinical and public health significance, this condition's etiology is still unclear, and most of the cases are spontaneous. There are several known preterm birth risk factors, including inflammatory diseases and the genetic background, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from understood. The present review highlights the research advances on the association between inflammatory‐related genes and the increased risk for preterm delivery. The most associated genetic variants are the TNFα rs1800629, the IL1α rs17561, and the IL1RN rs2234663. Moreover, many of the genes discussed in this review are also implicated in pathologies involving inflammatory or autoimmune systems, such as periodontal disease, bowel inflammatory disease, and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This review presents evidence suggesting a common genetic background to preterm birth, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases susceptibility.
The impact of late‐night alcohol restrictions on ambulance call‐outs in entertainment precincts
Authors: de Andrade Dominique , Coomber Kerri , Livingston Michael , Taylor Nicholas , Moayeri Foruhar , Miller Peter G. , Ferris Jason , Puljević Cheneal , Mayshak Richelle , Scott Debbie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn July 2016, the Queensland Government introduced the Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence (TAFV) policy to address alcohol‐related harm in entertainment precincts [safe night precincts (SNP)]. Additional measures were introduced in February and July 2017. We aim to examine the impact of the policy on Queensland Ambulance Service call‐outs in Fortitude Valley, Surfers Paradise, all 15 SNP suburbs combined and statewide.MethodsAuto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models were developed to test the impact of TAFV policy stages on monthly number of ambulance call‐outs during high alcohol hours (HAH; Friday and Saturday nights, 20:00–05:59) over an 8‐year period (July 2011–June 2019).ResultsThe average number of monthly call‐outs in HAH reduced by 26.2% in Fortitude Valley, 21.1% in Surfers Paradise and 4.3% in all 15 SNP suburbs combined. In Fortitude Valley, there was a significant decline in the monthly number of call‐outs between 00:00 and 02:59 and across all HAH combined when examining the cumulative effect of the policy stages; and significant declines between 03:00 and 05:59 after each stage and cumulatively. Across the 15 SNP suburbs combined, there was a significant decline in call‐outs between 03:00 and 05:59 after the third policy stage (July 2017). There were no significant declines in Surfers Paradise or statewide.Discussion and ConclusionsOverall, the introduction of the TAFV policy stages in Queensland had a limited effect on ambulance call‐outs during HAH. However, there were some notable declines in HAH ambulance call‐outs in some of the state's key nightlife suburbs.
Hygiene recommendations for outpatient dermatosurgery
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Dirschka Thomas , Felcht Moritz , Dippel Edgar , Kevekordes Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe German Infection Protection Act and country‐specific laws demand appropriate measures to prevent nosocomial infections and propagation of pathogens, especially those with resistances. This also concerns outpatient surgery of the skin. Special focus is placed on hand hygiene, antiseptics, hygienic modes of operation and professional instrument reprocessing. Every dermatological institution that operates on an outpatient basis is obliged to organize and be responsible for its hygiene. The legal framework is regulated by various laws and regulations and must be observed.
Pseudoaneurysm of Ascending Aorta induced by Brucella Endocarditis In bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Liu Shuo , Ju Hui , Feng Yi , Mahmood Feroze , Dai Tian , Chen Yu , Chen Shenglong , Han Zengqiang , Fan Guangpu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean region, South American countries, and Asia. In China, it is frequently diagnosed in herdsmen who often have contact with livestock. Brucella endocarditis (BE) is a rare complication, but it is the leading reason for mortality. We report a rare case of BE of bicuspid aortic valve with consequent pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta, which has never been reported before. The major educational value lies in acknowledging a novel presentation of BE which happened in a patient in remission of BE and appreciation of the role of echocardiography in early diagnosis and definitive surgical therapy.
Bioinformatic analysis of the human brain extracellular matrix proteome in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Freitas Ana , Aroso Miguel , Rocha Sara , Ferreira Rita , Vitorino Rui , Gomez‐Lazaro Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are characterized by selective degeneration of specific brain areas. Although increasing number of studies report alteration of the extracellular matrix on these diseases, an exhaustive characterization at the brain's matrix level might contribute to the development of more efficient cell restoration therapies. In that regard, proteomics‐based studies are a powerful approach to uncover matrix changes. However, to date, the majority of proteomics studies report no or only a few brain matrix proteins with altered expression. This study aims to reveal the changes in the brain extracellular matrix by integrating several proteomics‐based studies performed with postmortem tissue. In total, 67 matrix proteins with altered expression were collected. By applying a bioinformatic approach, we were able to reveal the dysregulated biological processes. Among them are processes related to the organization of the extracellular matrix, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans’ metabolism, blood coagulation, and response to injury and oxidative stress. In addition, a protein was found altered in all three diseases—collagen type I alpha 2—and its binding partners further identified. A ClueGO network was created, depicting the GO groups associated with these binding partners, uncovering the processes that may consequently be affected. These include cellular adhesion, cell signaling through membrane receptors, inflammatory processes, and apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative stress. Overall, we were able to associate the contribution of the modification of extracellular matrix components to essential biological processes, highlighting the investment needed on proteomics studies with specific focus on the extracellular matrix in neurodegeneration.
Extending grassland age for climate change mitigation and adaptation on clay soils
Authors: Iepema Goaitske , Hoekstra Nyncke J. , de Goede Ron , Bloem Jaap , Brussaard Lijbert , van Eekeren Nick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPermanent grassland soils can act as a sink for carbon and may therefore positively contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. We compared young (5–15 years since latest grassland renewal) with old (>20 years since latest grassland renewal) permanent grassland soils in terms of carbon stock, carbon sequestration, drought tolerance and flood resistance. The research was carried out on marine clay soil at 10 dairy farms with young and old permanent grassland. As hypothesized, the carbon stock was larger in old grassland (62 Mg C ha−1) topsoil (0–10 cm) than in young grassland topsoil (51 Mg C ha−1). The carbon sequestration rate was greater in young (on average 3.0 Mg C ha−1 year−1) compared with old grassland (1.6 Mg C ha−1 year−1) and determined by initial carbon stock. Regarding potential drought tolerance, we found larger soil moisture and soil organic matter (SOM) contents in old compared with young grassland topsoils. As hypothesized, the old grassland soils were more resistant to heavy rainfall as measured by water infiltration rate and macroporosity (at 20 cm depth) in comparison with the young grassland soils. In contrast to our hypothesis we did not find a difference in rooting between young and old permanent grassland, probably due to large variability in root biomass and root tip density. We conclude that old grasslands at dairy farms on clay soil can contribute more to the ecosystem services climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation than young grasslands. This study shows that under real farm conditions on a clay topsoil, carbon stock increases with grassland age and even after 30 years carbon saturation has not been reached. Further study is warranted to determine by how much extending grassland age can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation.Highlights
We studied the effect of young versus old grassland on a range of soil properties related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Old, more than young, grassland soils offer potential to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
This finding gives farmers insight into the merits of extending grassland age on clay soils.
Soil carbon stock determines carbon sequestration rate more than grassland age.
A nationwide participatory programme to measure person‐centred hospital care in Italy: Results and implications for continuous improvement
Authors: Cardinali Flavia , Carzaniga Sara , Duranti Giorgia , Labella Barbara , Lamanna Alessandro , Cerilli Micaela , Caracci Giovanni , Carinci Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centredness has been targeted by the Italian government as a key theme for the future development of health services.ObjectiveMeasuring patient‐centred health services in partnership with citizens, health professionals and decision makers.DesignNational participatory survey in a large test set of hospitals at national level.Setting and participantsA total of 387 hospital visits conducted in 16 Italian regions by over 1,500 citizens and health professionals during 2017‐2018.Main variables and outcome measuresAn ad hoc checklist was used to assess person‐centredness in hospital care through 243 items, grouped in 4 main areas, 12 sub‐areas and 29 person‐centred criteria (scored 0‐10). GEE linear multivariate regression was used to explore the relation between hospital characteristics and person‐centredness.ResultsPerson‐centred scores were moderately high, with substantial variation overall (median score: 7.0, range: 3.2‐9.5) and by area (Care Processes: 6.8, 2.0‐9.8; Access: 7.4, 2.7‐9.7; Transparency: 6.7, 3.4‐9.5 and Relationship: 7.3, 0.8‐10.0). Multivariate regression found higher scores for increasing volumes of activity (quartile increase: +0.21; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.29) and lower scores in the south and islands (−1.03; −1.62,‐0.45).DiscussionThe checklist has been applied successfully by over 1,500 collaborators who assessed hospitals in 16 distinct Regions and Autonomous Provinces of Italy. Despite an overall positive mark, all scores were highly variable by location and hospital characteristics.Conclusion and patient or public contributionA national participatory programme to improve patient‐centredness in Italian hospitals highlighted critical areas with the direct input of citizens.
Success of supportive periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients — A retrospective analysis
Authors: Schoenmakers Max G. P. , Willems Eveline J. S. , Slot Dagmar Else , Van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate, in adult patients treated for periodontitis, the periodontal stability during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).MethodsData were collected and analyzed retrospectively for periodontitis patients aged ≥36 years who underwent active periodontal therapy (APT) and were following an SPT programme. The stability of the APT success, defined as a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≤5 mm, was the main outcome parameter. Analyses were performed in which PPD, tooth loss (TL), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal epithelium surface area (PESA), and the effects of age, gender, smoking status, and the number of years in SPT were evaluated. The annual TL and BOP of <10% in addition to a PPD of ≤5 mm were considered to be secondary outcome variables.ResultsIn total, 993 patients were included, in 36% of whom a PPD ≤5 mm was found at the evaluation of APT. If the outcome was defined as a BOP of <10% in addition to a PPD of ≤5 mm, this was present in only 16% of the patients. During SPT, a small overall increase in clinical parameters for the total population and an annual average TL of 0.15 per patient was observed. Patients of male gender and smokers negatively affected the success of SPT.ConclusionThe periodontal clinical status remained ‘fairly’ stable during SPT in chronic periodontitis patients aged ≥36 years. Smoking negatively affects the outcome of APT and periodontal stability during SPT.
Drug survival and predictor factors for discontinuation of methotrexate in psoriasis: a real‐life multicenter study
Authors: Ozkok Akbulut Tugba , Topaloglu Demir Filiz , Oguz Topal Ilteris , Kara Polat Asude , Karadag Ayse Serap , Aslan Kayiran Melek , Ozkur Ezgi , Kıvanc Altunay Ilknur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDrug survival is useful to evaluate long‐term drug performance in daily practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug survival for methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy in patients with plaque‐type psoriasis.MethodsWe reviewed 3,512 follow‐up charts of patients with psoriasis at five tertiary referral centers between January 2012 and January 2020. We analyzed baseline data and treatment outcomes of patients under MTX monotherapy. Drug survival was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses.ResultsPatients with psoriasis who were treated with MTX monotherapy were enrolled (N = 649). The median duration of drug survival was 15 months (95% CI: 13.2–16.8). The overall drug survival rate was 54.7%, 17.4%, and 8% after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The main reasons for discontinuation were adverse effects (n = 209, 32.2%) and inefficacy (n = 105, 15.6%). Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, the presence of nausea/vomiting (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.49–2.71; P < 0.001) was observed as a statistically significant risk factor for drug discontinuation. Age over 50 years (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48–0.97; P = 0.03) and using MTX dose ≥15 mg/weekly were positive predictors for drug survival (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.95; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe average drug survival of MTX was 15 months. MTX is still the first‐line treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, as highlighted in guidelines. To prevent premature discontinuation, physicians need to look at the response time of at least 16–24 weeks, especially when a stepwise dose increment is used. The presence of nausea/vomiting seemed to be associated with an approximately twofold risk of discontinuation.
The influence of Ohmic‐vacuum heating on phenol, ascorbic acid and engineering factors of kiwifruit juice concentration process
Authors: Darvishi Hosain , Behroozi‐Khazaei Nasser , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud , Alimohammadi Zakaria , Nourbakhsh Himan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe antioxidant, phenol, ascorbic acid, electrode corrosion and engineering factors of concentration process of kiwifruit juice by ohmic heating‐vacuum conditions (OHVC) were evaluated and compared with ohmic heating under atmospheric conditions (OHAC). Results showed that the total phenol content was decreased with an increasing voltage gradient for both heating modes. The OHVC can better save the antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid of concentrated samples than the OHAC. The processing time of OHVC was significantly higher than the OHAC at the same voltage gradient (P < 0.05). The electrode corrosion rate at the vacuum mode was 7‐ to 40‐fold higher than the atmospheric mode. The energy efficiency at OHAC was lower than the OHVC. The energy consumption was found in the range of 3.37 to 3.75 MJ kg−1 water for OHAC and 4.08 to 11.09 MJ kg−1 water for OHVC. The electrical conductivity under the vacuum mode was lower than the atmospheric mode.
Training teacher‐researchers through online collective academic supervision: Evidence from a postgraduate teacher education programme
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Huang Runke , Li Yongyan , Li Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCollective academic supervision (CAS) is a collective model for students' academic supervision to reduce their isolation and as a measure to establish a congenial culture and to develop networks with their peers. Most studies focus on the benefits of online CAS, leaving the pedagogical process and students' learning experiences understudied. This research examines the participation and learning experience of a cohort of Master of Education (MEd) students in online supervision that took place on a Moodle platform. This article reports a case study of Moodle‐based CAS in Hong Kong that aims to train postgraduate students into teacher‐researchers. A class of MEd students and their supervisors were observed, and their online dialogues were analysed. The bio‐ecological student engagement model was used to explain the online supervision process. The results indicated that the students' learning was situated and embodied in the online social processes facilitated by peers' and supervisors' replies. The online interaction behaviours mainly included proposing questions or problems, providing information or solutions, and making comments. The findings have provided an exemplary case regarding the application of the online learning environment in supporting CAS and active research‐based learning. The productive online CAS seems to benefit both teacher candidates and their supervisors by promoting the co‐construction of the knowledge and skills of educational research, although more evidence is needed.
The bright vessel sign on arterial spin labeling MRI for heralding and localizing large vessel occlusions
Authors: McCullough‐Hicks Margy E. , Yu Yannan , Mlynash Michael , Albers Gregory W. , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThe significance of a bright vessel sign (BVS) at the site of a large vessel occlusion (LVO) on MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence is not widely reported. We compared the utility of the ASL BVS to the gradient echo (GRE) susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) in heralding and localizing LVOs in a large cohort; most underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and endovascular therapy for acute stroke.MethodsA total of 171 patients with large hemispheric stroke symptoms had baseline and follow‐up MRIs with ASL, GRE, and MR angiogram (MRA). Scans were evaluated for (1) presence versus absence and (2) location of ASL BVS and GRE SVS. For patients who underwent DSA, data comparing presence and location of ASL BVS and GRE SVS to occlusions found on angiography, as well as resolution of the signs after successful recanalization, were also evaluated.ResultsCompared to MRA, the sensitivity of the ASL BVS for an LVO was .83, significantly better than .67 for GRE SVS (p = .001). Localization of vessel occlusion was correct 60.4% of the time by ASL compared to 64.4% by GRE (p = .502). For the 107 patients who underwent DSA, the sensitivity of ASL BVS was .80 compared to .64 for GRE SVS (p = .009). Localization of LVO found on DSA was correct 63.5% of the time by ASL BVS compared to 72.9% by GRE SVS (p = .251).ConclusionASL BVS is significantly more sensitive than GRE SVS for identification of LVO on both MRA and DSA.