bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Effects of a Continuous Peripheral Nerve Block on Postamputation Phantom and Residual Limb Pain: Secondary Outcomes From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ilfeld Brian M. , Khatibi Bahareh , Maheshwari Kamal , Madison Sarah J. , Ali Sakr Esa Wael , Mariano Edward R. , Kent Michael L. , Hanling Steven , Sessler Daniel I. , Eisenach James C. , Cohen Steven P. , Mascha Edward J. , Yang Dongsheng , Padwal Jennifer A. , Turan Alparslan ,   the PAINfRE Investigators
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
We recently reported that a 6-day continuous peripheral nerve block reduced established postamputation phantom pain 3 weeks after treatment ended. However, the immediate effects of perineural infusion (secondary outcomes) have yet to be reported.

METHODS:
Participants from 5 enrolling academic centers with an upper or lower limb amputation and established phantom pain received a single-injection ropivacaine peripheral nerve block(s) and perineural catheter insertion(s). They were subsequently randomized to receive a 6-day ambulatory perineural infusion of either ropivacaine 0.5% or normal saline in a double-masked fashion. Participants were contacted by telephone 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the infusion started, with pain measured using the Numeric Rating Scale. Treatment effects were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test at each time point. Adjusting for 4 time points (days 1, 7, 14, and 21), P < .0125 was deemed statistically significant. Significance at 28 days was reported using methods from the original, previously published article.

RESULTS:
Pretreatment average phantom and residual pain scores were balanced between the groups. The day after infusion initiation (day 1), average phantom, and residual limb pain intensity was lower in patients receiving local anesthetic (n = 71) versus placebo (n = 73): median [quartiles] of 0 [0–2.5] vs 3.3 [0–5.0], median difference (98.75% confidence interval [CI]) of −1.0 (−3.0 to 0) for phantom pain (P = .001) and 0 [0–0] vs 0 [0–4.3], and median difference 0.0 (−2.0 to 0.0) for residual limb pain (P < .001). Pain’s interference with physical and emotional functioning as measured with the interference domain of the Brief Pain Inventory improved during the infusion on day 1 for patients receiving local anesthetic versus placebo: 0 [0–10] vs 10 [0–40], median difference (98.75% CI) of 0.0 (−16.0 to 0.0), P = .002. Following infusion discontinuation (day 6), a few differences were found between the active and placebo treatment groups between days 7 and 21. In general, sample medians for average phantom and residual limb pain scores gradually increased after catheter removal for both treatments, but to a greater degree in the control group until day 28, at which time the differences between the groups returned to statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS:
This secondary analysis suggests that a continuous peripheral nerve block decreases phantom and residual limb pain during the infusion, although few improvements were again detected until day 28, 3 weeks following catheter removal.
Charged Porphyrins: π-Electronic Systems That Form Ion-Pairing Assembled Structures
Authors: Yamasumi Kazuhisa , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Noncovalent interactions are important for determining the assembling modes of materials. Electronically neutral π-systems form stacking structures based on π–π interactions, which are mainly derived from dispersion forces. Introducing charges into π-systems would affect the interaction, owing to the increased contribution from electrostatic forces. This unique interaction, which we have proposed as iπ–iπ interaction, can provide ion pairs that form assembled structures. The number of possible combinations of ion pairs can be obtained as the product of the number of components being paired. As π-electronic ions, especially anions, are more reactive than electronically neutral π-systems, their stabilization is required. We have recently focused on porphyrins as platforms to stabilize π-electronic ions by charge delocalization over their large π-systems. In addition, the facile structural modifications of porphyrins enable tuning of the assembly modes and functionalization of the ion-pairing assemblies. In this account, progress of charged porphyrin derivatives and their ion-pairing assembly behaviors is summarized.
Weakly bound Nuclei
Authors: Pakou A. 
Published: July 2021

The development of radioactive beam facilities makes possible the study of weakly bound nuclei far from stability and close to the drip lines. A vast variety of nuclei is now available, therefore a new research ground is open for the discovery of phenomena previously unexpected. Complementary studies with stable weakly bound nuclei can assist such studies. Examples for $^6$He and $^6$Li are discussed.
Searching in the dark: Shining a light on some predictors of non-response to psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Woodbridge Jane , Reis Samantha , Townsend Michelle L. , Hobby Lucy , Grenyer Brin F. S. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a prevalent and serious mental health condition. People can experience recovery or remission after receiving psychotherapy for BPD; however, it is estimated that about 45% of people in well conducted treatment trials do not respond adequately to current psychological treatments.

Aim
To further advance psychotherapies for BPD by identifying the factors that contribute to the problem of non-response.

Method
184 consecutive participants with BPD in community treatment were naturalistically followed up over 12 months and measures of personality and social functioning were examined. Logistic regressions were used to determine which baseline factors were associated with the likelihood of being a non-responder after 12 months of psychotherapy. After 12 months, 48.4% of participants were classed as non-responders due to a lack of reduction in BPD symptoms according to the Reliable Change Index (RCI) method.

Results
At baseline intake, patients who endorsed an adult preoccupied attachment relationship style and increased anger were more likely to be a non-responder regarding BPD symptoms at 12 months. In addition, those with preoccupied attachment patterns in their adult relationships were more likely to be non-responders regarding general psychological distress at follow up. Higher baseline levels of paranoia and endorsement of a dismissive adult relationship style was associated with being a non-responder in regard to global functioning.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous research, almost half of the sample did not achieve reliable change at 12-month follow up. A relationship style characterised by preoccupied insecurity and high anger seemed to be particularly challenging in being able to benefit from psychotherapy. This style may have affected both relationships outside, but also inside therapy, complicating treatment engagement and alliance with the therapist. Early identification and modification of treatment based on challenges from these relationship styles may be one way to improve psychotherapy outcomes for BPD.
The effect of corrective exercises on functional movement screen test and motor skills
Authors: Usluer Şeyda Nur , Aktuğ Zait Burak , İbiş Serkan , Aka Hasan 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 8-week corrective exercises applied to 12-15 age group basketball players on Functional Movement Screen Test (FMS) and motor skill (MS) score. 65 volunteer children between the ages of 12-15 participated in the study. The children were the control group (CG) (N = 25) who did not do any exercise, the basketball group that only trained basketball (BG) (N = 20), and the corrective exercise group (CEG) (N = 20) that did corrective exercises in addition to basketball training. It is divided into 3 groups. Basketball training was applied to children on BG 3 days a week. In addition to basketball training, an 8-week corrective exercise protocol was applied to the children in CEG. Functional movement patterns of children were determined with FMS test and MSs with Deutscher Motor Test (DMT). Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used to determine the differences children's pre-tests and post-tests after corrective exercises. As a result of the statistical analysis, a statistically significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-tests of FMS total scores and DMT scores in CEG (p<0.05). As a result, it has been shown that corrective exercises contribute to FMS total scores and the MS development of children. It is thought that the placement of corrective exercises in the training contents can increase the MSs of children.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet

Bu çalışmasının amacı, 12-15 yaş grubu basketbolculara uygulanan 8 haftalık düzeltici egzersizlerin fonksiyonel hareket tarama testi (FHT) ve motor beceri (MB) puanı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 12-15 yaş arası 65 gönüllü çocuk katılmıştır. Çocuklar herhangi bir egzersiz yapmayan kontrol grubu (KG) (N=25), sadece basketbol antrenmanı yapan basketbol grubu (BG) (N=20) ve basketbol antrenmanına ilaveten düzeltici egzersiz yapan düzeltici egzersiz grubu (DEG) (N=20) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. BG’da bulunan çocuklara haftada 3 gün sadece basketbol antrenmanı, DEG’da bulunan çocuklara basketbol antrenmanlarına ilaveten 8 haftalık düzeltici egzersiz protokolü uygulanmıştır. Çocukların fonksiyonel hareket kalıpları FHT testi ile MB’leri Deutscher Motor Testi (DMT) ile belirlenmiştir. Çocukların FHT skorları ve DMT skorlarının ön testleri ile düzeltici egzersizler sonrası son testleri arasındaki farkı belirlemede Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi kullanılmıştır. İstatiksel analizler sonucunda, DEG’da FHT toplam skorları ve DMT skorları ön test ile son testleri arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak düzeltici egzersizlerin FHT toplam skorlarına ve çocukların MB gelişimine katkı sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Düzeltici egzersizlerin antrenman içeriklerine yerleştirilmesinin çocukların MB’lerini artırabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Kingdom of heaven versus nirvana: a comparative study of conceptual metaphors for Christian and Buddhist ideals of life
Authors: Gao Xiuping , Lan Chun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper adopts Conceptual Metaphor Theory to compare the Christian ideal of life, i.e. the kingdom of heaven and the Buddhist ideal of life, i.e. nirvana. Through a systematic investigation of the metaphorical expressions bearing the two concepts in the Book of Mathew and the Lotus Sutra, we find that they share the static metaphor (the kingdom of heaven/nirvana is a container), i.e. both religions envision the ideal state of life as entering a container. Dynamically, the kingdom of heaven is conceptualized as an upcoming event while nirvana as the destination of a journey. The two dynamic metaphors reveal four major differences. Firstly, the kingdom of heaven is described as arrival into and nirvana as departure from the mundane world. Secondly, the arrival of the kingdom of heaven aims to eliminate the sin of human beings while the departure for nirvana aims to leave behind bitterness of the mundane world. Thirdly, the kingdom of heaven emphasizes the dichotomy between the good and the evil while nirvana emphasizes delivering all living beings. Fourthly, God acts as a king and judge in the final judgement of the kingdom of heaven while Buddha acts as a guide in the journey to nirvana.
The autobiographical “self” in Ryszard Kapuściński´s empathetic journalism
Authors: Wysocka Aneta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article investigates the autobiographical aspects of Ryszard Kapuściński’s reportage pieces. The journalist’s complete works provide the material for this study. Autobiographism is understood here broadly, not only as the presence of a selfnarrative in the documentary accounts, but also as the implicit influence of the foreign correspondent’s life experiences on his interpretation of the events he reports. Kapuściński’s work early was primarily influenced by the experiences of poverty during the Second World War and the post-war period, the post-war loss of his little homeland as Poland entered the orbit of the Soviet Union’s influence, as well as his involvement in a socialist youth organization. These personal experiences constitute an important context for the interpretation of his works, which is shown using examples from his reports.
Pandemic Parliamentary Oversight of Delegated Legislation: Comparing the Performance of Westminster Systems
Authors: Dey Pritam , Murphy Julian R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is testing parliamentary systems of governance across the world, especially in relation to oversight of executive actions. Observers in multiple jurisdictions have already noted the proliferation of delegated legislation during the pandemic and the shortcomings in legislative oversight of the same. To date, however, no close analysis has been conducted of the way in which legislative oversight mechanisms have broken down during the pandemic. This paper provides such an analysis, using examples from Westminster systems adopting the ‘legislative model’ of providing extraordinary powers. Looking at individual examples from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the analysis seeks to identify and explain the failures, and relative successes, in different mechanisms for parliamentary oversight, including parliamentary scrutiny committees (pre-existing and ad-hoc), disallowance, and sunset clauses. Although primarily descriptive, the comparative approach analysis permits preliminary conclusions to be drawn as to the way each jurisdiction may improve its methods of parliamentary oversight of delegated legislation. These comparative lessons will be of use both during and beyond the pandemic.
An intelligent algorithm to reduce and eliminate coverage holes in the mobile network
Authors: Al-Hashemy Rageed Hussein Hussan , Saadoon Intisar Mohsin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The need for services in the world of telecommunications and the prosperity and rapid development of this sector around the world has led mobile phone companies to compete to provide the best services to customers. One of these devices used for communications is the mobile phone. The mobile phone is simply an electronic device that is mainly serving unwired telecommunications through a cellular network of particular base stations known as cell sites. There are many obstacles or problems in the telecommunication field, and the relevant institutions and companies should find solutions to these obstacles and problems. One of these obstacles in telecommunications is the coverage holes. Coverage holes occur when the location of the mobile phone is set in midway between the two base transceiver stations (BTSs). This causes an abnormal interruption in communication until the user crosses the coverage holes area. This paper presents an intelligent algorithm as a set of technical steps that can be used to improve the communication services of the mobile phone network and to solve the communication problems via the reduction of the coverage holes between two BTSs. It suggests a method that could alleviate this problem using a strategy that reduces the coverage holes by developing an intelligent algorithm system to receive signal strength indicators and use AT command “+CREG” to disconnect and reconnect to available BTS within an acceptable energy level. As a result, the connection turned from marginal into good connection.
Artificial intelligence based optical performance monitoring
Authors: Rai Palash , Kaushik Rahul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a technique for optical performance monitoring (OPM) using deep learning-based artificial neural network (ANN) is implemented. ANN is trained with parameters derived from eye-diagram for the identification of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) simultaneously and independently in a 10 Gb/s system with non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) data signal. ANN-based OPM confirms that the proposed approach can provide reliable estimated results. The mean squared errors for OSNR, CD and differential group delay (DGD) are found to be 4.6071 dB, 0.0417 ps/nm/km and 0.0016 ps/km, respectively. The proposed technique may be utilized in analyzing the signals of future heterogeneous optical communication networks intelligently.
Second trimester prediction of gestational diabetes: maternal analytes as an additional screening tool
Authors: Sperling Meryl M. , Towner Dena , Davis James , Yamasato Kelly 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Early diagnosis of gestational diabetes can lead to greater optimization of glucose control. We evaluated associations between maternal serum analytes (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [beta-hCG], inhibin, and estriol) and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study identified single-ton pregnancies with available second trimester serum analytes between 2009 and 2017. GDM was identified by ICD-9 and -10 codes. We examined the associations between analyte levels and GDM and to adjust for potential confounders routinely collected during genetic serum screening (maternal age, BMI, and race) using logistic regression. Optimal logistic regression predictive modeling for GDM was then performed using the analyte levels and the above mentioned potential confounders. The performance of the model was assessed by receiver operator curves.

Results
Out of 5,709 patients, 660 (11.6%) were diagnosed with GDM. Increasing AFP and estriol were associated with decreasing risk of GDM, aOR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60–0.95] and aOR 0.67 [95% CI 0.50–0.89] respectively. Increasing beta-hCG was associated with a decreasing risk for GDM(aOR 0.84 [95% CI 0.73–0.97]). There was no association with inhibin. The most predictive GDM predictive model included beta-hCG and estriol in addition to the clinical variables of age, BMI, and race (area under the curve (AUC 0.75), buy this was not statistically different than using clinical variables alone (AUC 0.74) (p=0.26).

Conclusions
Increasing second trimester AFP, beta-hCG, and estriol are associated with decreasing risks of GDM, though do not improve the predictive ability for GDM when added to clinical risk factors of age, BMI, and race.
Some topological properties of uniform subdivision of Sierpiński graphs
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad Afzal , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sierpiński graphs are family of fractal nature graphs having applications in mathematics of Tower of Hanoi, topology, computer science, and many more diverse areas of science and technology. This family of graphs can be generated by taking certain number of copies of the same basic graph. A topological index is the number which shows some basic properties of the chemical structures. This article deals with degree based topological indices of uniform subdivision of the generalized Sierpiński graphs S(n,G) and Sierpiński gasket Sn
. The closed formulae for the computation of different kinds of Zagreb indices, multiple Zagreb indices, reduced Zagreb indices, augmented Zagreb indices, Narumi-Katayama index, forgotten index, and Zagreb polynomials have been presented for the family of graphs.
Opioid availability statistics from the International Narcotics Control Board do not reflect the medical use of opioids: comparison with sales data from Scandinavia
Authors: Bäckryd Emmanuel , Heilig Markus , Hoffmann Mikael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Opioid analgesics are essential in clinical practice, but their excessive use is associated with addiction risk. Increases in opioid prescription rates have fuelled an epidemic of opioid addiction in the USA, making statistics on medical opioid use a critical warning signal. A dramatic 150% increase in Swedish opioid access 2001–2013 was recently reported based on data from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB; Berterame et al. 2016) in conflict with other studies of opioid use in the Nordic countries. This article aims to analyse to what degree published INCB statistics on opioids in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) reflect actual medical use and study the methodological reasons for putative discrepancies.

Methods
Data on aggregated total national sales of opioids for the whole population, including hospitals, were collected from the Swedish e-Health Authority. Total sales data for Denmark and drugs dispensed at pharmacies in Norway are publicly available through the relevant authorities’ websites.

Results
INCB opioid statistics during the period 2001–2013 were markedly inconsistent with sales data from Scandinavia, calling the reliability of INCB data into question. INCB-data were flawed by (a) over-representing the volume of fentanyl, (b) under-reporting of codeine, and (c) by not including tramadol.

Conclusions
Opioid availability, as expressed by INCB statistics, does not reflect medical opioid use. It is crucial to underline that INCB statistics are based on the manual compilation of national production, import and export data from manufacturers and drug companies. This is not the same amount that is prescribed and consumed within the health care system. Moreover, there are methodological problems in the INCB reports, in particular concerning fentanyl, codeine and tramadol. We suggest that INCB should carefully review the quality of their data on medical opioids.
Vulnerabilidad social y política al VIH-sida en Bogotá
Authors: González Guzmán Ismael José 
Published: July 2021

Este estudio se propuso establecer los procesos y factores sociales que determinan la vulnerabilidad al VIH- sida y examinar el papel de la política pública para reducir o incrementar dicha vulnerabilidad social en Bogotá. El itinerario metodológico tuvo como punto de partida un enfoque cualitativo; la investigación documental como método; el análisis documental como técnica; y los instrumentos, fueron matrices de revisión y análisis documental que se aplicaron al marco normativo y legal del VIH-sida a nivel distrital y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a instituciones de salud pública y organizaciones de base comunitaria. Los resultados dejan en evidencia varias cosas, primero, tal parece que los diseñadores y operarios de la política pública del VIH-sida en Bogotá, no tienen conciencia de las inconsistencias que subyacen entre lo teórico [marco normativo y legal] y la realidad de las personas infectadas; y segundo, no hay voluntad para transformar la política frente al problema del VIH-sida, ni por conocer las muy diversas realidades que experimentan quienes viven con el virus. Se concluye en la incapacidad política para garantizar el derecho a la vida y salud de las personas que viven con VIH-sida en Bogotá, eliminar el estigma, la discriminación y la violencia de género.