bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown on symptom control in preschool children with recurrent wheezing
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , Allegorico Annalisa , Bush Andrew , Porcaro Federica , Negro Valentina , Onofri Alessandro , Cherchi Claudio , De Santis Simone , Rosito Lorenza , Cutrera Renato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreschool wheezers are at high risk of recurrent attacks triggered by respiratory viruses, sometimes exacerbated by exposure to allergens and pollution. Because of the COVID‐19 infection, the lockdown was introduced, but the effects on preschool wheezers are unknown. We hypothesized that there would be an improvement in outcomes during the lockdown, and these would be lost when the lockdown was eased.Materials and MethodsPatients underwent medical visits before and after the COVID‐19 lockdown. We recorded the childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) and a clinical questionnaire. Data on symptoms, the need for medications and the use of healthcare resources were recorded. We compared these data with retrospective reports from the preceding year and prospectively acquired questionnaires after lockdown.ResultsWe studied 85 preschool wheezers, mean age 4.9 years. During the lockdown, cACT score was significantly higher (median 25 vs. 23); families reported a dramatic drop in wheezing episodes (51 vs. none), significant reductions in the day and nighttime symptoms, including episodes of shortness of breath (p < .0001); the use of salbutamol and oral corticosteroids (OCS) dropped significantly (p < .0001) and 79 (95%) patients needed no OCS bursts during the lockdown. Finally, patients had significantly fewer extra medical examinations, as well as fewer Emergency Room visits (p < .0001). All were improved compared with the same time period from the previous year, but outcomes worsened significantly again after lockdown (cACT median: 22).ConclusionsDuring the national lockdown, children with persistent preschool wheeze showed a significant clinical improvement with reduction of respiratory symptoms, medication use for exacerbations, and use of healthcare resources. This trend reversed when lockdown restrictions were eased.
Comparison of two surgical techniques for the treatment of transverse olecranon fractures: A finite element study
Authors: Civan Osman , Ugur Levent , Yildiz Gurkan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to compare the stability of traditional tension band wiring (TBW) and screw combined TBW (SC‐TBW) fixation methods performed for a transverse olecranon osteotomy‐fracture during different degrees of elbow movement by using finite element analysis.MethodsThree‐dimensional solid modeling of the olecranon was obtained by computed tomography images. Transverse olecranon fracture was created and fixed by TBW and SC‐TBW with respect to triceps muscle force. Opening angle, twisting angle and interplanar translation occurring on the fracture line were evaluated at 45° and 90° elbow flexion.ResultsOpening angle: 0.71°, 0.87° at 45° and 0.64°, 0.67° at 90° elbow flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively. Twisting angle: −0.01°, −0.19° at 45° flexion and 0.19°, 0.30° at 90° flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively. Interplanar translation: 1.93 mm, 4.65 mm at 45° flexion and 1.78 mm, 3.95 mm at 90° flexion for TBW and SC‐TBW, respectively.ConclusionTBW fixation provides more stability than SC‐TBW fixation model.
Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors against Covid‐19 Main Protease: Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking and DFT Studies
Authors: Aouad Mohamed Reda , Khan Daoud J. O. , Said Musa A. , Al‐Kaff Nadia S. , Rezki Nadjet , Ali Adeeb A. , Bouqellah Nahla , Hagar Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe highly contagious nature of Covid‐19 attracted us to this challenging area of research, mainly because the disease is spreading very fast and until now, no effective method of a safe treatment or a vaccine is developed. A library of novel 1,2,3‐triazoles based 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and/or 1,3,4‐thiadiazole scaffolds were designed and successfully synthesized. Different spectroscopic tools efficiently characterized all the newly synthesized hybrid molecules. An interesting finding is that some of the newly designed compounds revealed two isomeric forms. The ratio is affected by the size of the attached group as well as the type of the heteroatom forming the side ring attached to the central 1,2,3‐triazole ring. The experimental spectroscopic data is in agreement with the DFT calculations at B3LYP 6‐31G (d,p) with regard to the geometrical conformation of the prepared compounds. The DFT results revealed that the stability of one isomeric form over the other in the range of 0.057–0.161 Kcal mol−1. A docking study was performed using PyRx and AutoDockVina to investigate the activity of the prepared 1,2,3‐triazoles as antiviral agents. Bond affinity scores of the 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives were detected in the range of −6.0 to −8.8 kcal/mol showing binding to the active sites of the 6LU7 protease and hence could be anticipated to inhibit the activity of the enzyme. Verification of the docking results was performed using the Mpro alignment of coronaviruses substrate‐binding pockets of COVID‐19 against the ligands. As per these results, it can be proposed that the title hybrid molecules are acceptable candidates against COVID‐19 for possible medicinal agents.
Progress and Perspective on Rechargeable Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lu Yan , Wang Cong , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Xinyu , Guo Zaiping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRechargeable magnesium–sulfur (Mg‐S) batteries are emerging as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage technologies owing to their prominent advantages in terms of high volumetric energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, their practical implementation is facing great challenges in finding electrolytes that can fulfill a multitude of rigorous requirements along with efficient sulfur cathodes and magnesium anodes. This review highlights electrolyte design for reliable Mg‐S batteries in terms of efficient Mg‐based salt construction (cation/anion design of organomagnesium salt‐based electrolytes, optimization of all inorganic salt‐based electrolytes and choosing of simple salt‐based electrolytes), suitable solvent selection, and strategies for confronting corrosivity of Mg electrolytes. Before the comprehensive overview of the research status of Mg‐based electrolytes, the understanding of Mg–S electrochemistry and views on the recent progress and potential strategies for high‐performance S‐based cathode and Mg anode are also provided for a holistic insight into Mg–S systems. At the end, the perspectives on the possible research directions for constructing high performance practical Mg–S batteries are also shared.
Comparative analysis of a model‐based systems engineering approach to a traditional systems engineering approach for architecting a robotic space system through knowledge categorization
Authors: Younse Paulo J. , Cameron Jessica E. , Bradley Thomas H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study compares the types and quantities of knowledge that are captured by a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approach and a traditional architecting approach to measure the benefits of the MBSE approach in managing the complexity of a robotic space system. The MBSE approach was implemented with Cameo Systems Modeler using Systems Modeling Language (SysML) and applied to architecting an orbiting sample Capture and Orient Module (COM) system concept for a Capture, Containment, and Return System payload concept for potential Mars Sample Return. An architecture framework was established, covering system, subsystem, and assembly levels, along with structure, behavior, data, and requirements perspectives. The COM system architecture was captured in parallel using both the MBSE and non‐MBSE approaches in order to provide a side‐by‐side comparison of the approaches. The approaches were evaluated based on how well each represented the information content of the COM system architecture. A total of 4389 knowledge elements were classified using the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy knowledge dimension and used to quantitatively compare the two approaches. The MBSE approach more completely captured architectural knowledge than the non‐MBSE approach. Limitations to the SysML‐based MBSE approach were also identified, including its ability to fully represent certain high‐level conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge such as design principles, design approaches and rationales, risks, development strategies and rationales, organizational core competencies, and requirement verification methods. The overall results demonstrate the benefits of MBSE in managing the complexity of robotic space systems and strengthen the case for adopting MBSE within the systems engineering community.
Heavy handed quest for fixed points in multiple coupling scalar theories in the ε expansion
Authors: Osborn Hugh , Stergiou Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tensorial equations for non trivial fully interacting fixed points at lowest order in the ε expansion in 4 − ε and 3 − ε dimensions are analysed for N-component fields and corresponding multi-index couplings λ which are symmetric tensors with four or six indices. Both analytic and numerical methods are used. For N = 5, 6, 7 in the four-index case large numbers of irrational fixed points are found numerically where ‖λ‖2 is close to the bound found by Rychkov and Stergiou [1]. No solutions, other than those already known, are found which saturate the bound. These examples in general do not have unique quadratic invariants in the fields. For N ⩾ 6 the stability matrix in the full space of couplings always has negative eigenvalues. In the six index case the numerical search generates a very large number of solutions for N = 5.
Universal opening of four-loop scattering amplitudes to trees
Authors: Ramírez-Uribe Selomit , Hernández-Pinto Roger J. , Rodrigo Germán , Sborlini German F. R. , Torres Bobadilla William J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe perturbative approach to quantum field theories has made it possible to obtain incredibly accurate theoretical predictions in high-energy physics. Although various techniques have been developed to boost the efficiency of these calculations, some ingredients remain specially challenging. This is the case of multiloop scattering amplitudes that constitute a hard bottleneck to solve. In this paper, we delve into the application of a disruptive technique based on the loop-tree duality theorem, which is aimed at an efficient computation of such objects by opening the loops to nondisjoint trees. We study the multiloop topologies that first appear at four loops and assemble them in a clever and general expression, the N4MLTuniversal topology. This general expression enables to open any scattering amplitude of up to four loops, and also describes a subset of higher order configurations to all orders. These results confirm the conjecture of a factorized opening in terms of simpler known subtopologies, which also determines how the causal structure of the entire loop amplitude is characterized by the causal structure of its subtopologies. In addition, we confirm that the loop-tree duality representation of the N4MLT universal topology is manifestly free of noncausal thresholds, thus pointing towards a remarkably more stable numerical implementation of multiloop scattering amplitudes.
Crossing symmetry for long multiplets in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SCFTs
Authors: Burić Ilija , Schomerus Volker , Sobko Evgeny 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work we construct the crossing symmetry equations for mixed correlators of two long and two BPS operators in 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs. The analysis presented here illustrates how our general group theoretic approach to long superblocks and tensor structures of superconformal algebras can be applied to give explicit ready-to-use expressions. In the case at hand, we obtain a system of four crossing symmetry equations for the relevant OPE coefficients. One of these four equations coincides with the equation found and analysed by Li, Meltzer and Stergiou by restricting to the superprimary component of the long multiplets. The other three equations are new and they provide powerful additional constraints on the same OPE data.
On next to soft threshold corrections to DIS and SIA processes
Authors: Ajjath A. H. , Mukherjee Pooja , Ravindran V. , Sankar Aparna , Tiwari Surabhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the perturbative structure of threshold enhanced logarithms in the coefficient functions of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) and semi-inclusive e+e− annihilation (SIA) processes and setup a framework to sum them up to all orders in perturbation theory. Threshold logarithms show up as the distributions ((1−z)−1 logi(1−z))+ from the soft plus virtual (SV) and as logarithms logi(1−z) from next to SV (NSV) contributions. We use the Sudakov differential and the renormalisation group equations along with the factorisation properties of parton level cross sections to obtain the resummed result which predicts SV as well as next to SV contributions to all orders in strong coupling constant. In Mellin N space, we resum the large logarithms of the form logi(N) keeping 1/N corrections. In particular, the towers of logarithms, each of the form $$ {a}_s^n/{N}^{\alpha }{\log}^{2n-\alpha }(N),{a}_s^n/{N}^{\alpha }{\log}^{2n-1-\alpha }(N)\cdots $$

a
s
n

/

N
α

log

2
n
−
α

N

,

a
s
n

/

N
α

log

2
n
−
1
−
α

N

⋯
etc for α = 0, 1, are summed to all orders in as.
Surface defects in holographic 5d SCFTs
Authors: Gutperle Michael , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We use holography to study codimension-2 surface defects in 5d SCFTs engineered by (p, q) 5-brane webs. The three-dimensional defects are realized by D3-branes ending on the brane web. We identify the holographic representation of the defects in Type IIB AdS6 solutions as probe D3-branes, and study conformal and non-conformal defects which, respectively, preserve one half and one quarter of the supersymmetry. For a sample of 5d SCFTs, including the TN theories, we provide explicit solutions for conformal and non-conformal defects. For the conformal defects we obtain their contribution to the free energy on S5.
INTEGRABILITY OF CLASSICAL AFFINE W-ALGEBRAS
Authors: SOLE ALBERTO DE , JIBLADZE MAMUKA , KAC VICTOR G. , VALERI DANIELE 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove that all classical affineW-algebras 𝒲(𝔤;f), where g is a simple Lie algebra andfis its non-zero nilpotent element, admit an integrable hierarchy of bi-Hamiltonian PDEs, except possibly for one nilpotent conjugacy class in G2, one in F4, and five in E8.
Sustainability and tool wear of titanium alloy thread cutting in dry and cryogenic conditions
Authors: Zawada-Tomkiewicz Anna , Żurawski Łukasz , Tomkiewicz Dariusz , Szafraniec Filip 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article is devoted to the study of the effect of cryogenic cooling on the tool wear in thread turning tests. The tool wear and its influence on the thread accuracy were investigated. Two different grades of titanium alloys were used for comparative purposes. The excellent performance characteristics of titanium alloys pose machining problems, causing high unit forces at the edge of the tool leading to chipping and premature tool failure. In turn, the low thermal conductivity of pure titanium affects the heat distribution in the cutting zone. The heat is not absorbed by the material being machined but accumulates in the tool, causing an increase in diffusion and chemical wear. The results of cutting tests using liquid nitrogen showed lower values of wear on the major and minor tool flank. The edge reduction of the tool was also significantly less during cryogenic machining. The analysis of the formation of wear marks and the blade wear mechanisms was carried out for the tool rake face. The tests were carried out using the SEM method and confirmed by EDS analyses. In order to compare the course of tool wear over time, a mathematical model was developed, which results from the course of phenomena during cutting. It consists of two complementary equations. The first equation is characteristic for the first cutting phase and results from the loads imposed on the blade and aims at thermodynamic equilibrium. It is a period of stable tool operation and constant wear intensity. The second equation concerns crossing the equilibrium point followed by the process of accumulation of elementary wear phenomena. These phenomena accumulate until the blade is completely worn-out. The use of blade wear development models to determine the expected blade life allowed to confirm the beneficial effect of cryogenic cooling on the course of the blade wear process when cutting threads for two different titanium alloys.
A PDE Construction of the Euclidean $$\Phi ^4_3$$ Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Gubinelli Massimiliano , Hofmanová Martina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a new construction of the Euclidean $$\Phi ^4$$

Φ
4

quantum field theory on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

based on PDE arguments. More precisely, we consider an approximation of the stochastic quantization equation on $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

defined on a periodic lattice of mesh size $$\varepsilon $$
ε
and side length M. We introduce a new renormalized energy method in weighted spaces and prove tightness of the corresponding Gibbs measures as $$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$

ε
→
0

, $$M \rightarrow \infty $$

M
→
∞

. Every limit point is non-Gaussian and satisfies reflection positivity, translation invariance and stretched exponential integrability. These properties allow to verify the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms for a Euclidean QFT apart from rotation invariance and clustering. Our argument applies to arbitrary positive coupling constant, to multicomponent models with O(N) symmetry and to some long-range variants. Moreover, we establish an integration by parts formula leading to the hierarchy of Dyson–Schwinger equations for the Euclidean correlation functions. To this end, we identify the renormalized cubic term as a distribution on the space of Euclidean fields.
International Response under the Antarctic Treaty System to the Establishment of A Non-native Fly in Antarctica
Authors: León Mónica Remedios-De , Hughes Kevin Andrew , Morelli Enrique , Convey Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntarctica currently has few non-native species, compared to other regions of the planet, due to the continent’s isolation, extreme climatic conditions and the lack of habitat. However, human activity, particularly the activities of national government operators and tourism, increasingly contributes to the risk of non-native species transfer and establishment. Trichocera (Saltitrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1888 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) is a non-native fly originating from the Northern Hemisphere that was unintentionally introduced to King George Island in the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands around 15 years ago, since when it has been reported within or in the vicinity of several research stations. It is not explicitly confirmed that T. maculipennis has established in the natural environment, but life-history characteristics make this likely, thereby making potential eradication or control a challenge. Antarctic Treaty Parties active in the region are developing a coordinated and expanding international response to monitor and control T. maculipennis within and around stations in the affected area. However, there remains no overarching non-native invasive species management plan for the island or the wider maritime Antarctic region (which shares similar environmental conditions and habitats to those of King George Island). Here we present some options towards the development of such a plan. We recommend the development of (1) clear mechanisms for the timely coordination of response activities by multiple Parties operating in the vicinity of the introduction location and (2) policy guidance on acceptable levels of environmental impacts resulting from eradication attempts in the natural environment, including the use of pesticides.
Caucasians with acral lentiginous melanoma have the same outcome as patients with stage- and limb-matched superficial spreading melanoma
Authors: Susok Laura , Gambichler Thilo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), a relatively rare subtype of cutaneous melanoma, has been reported to have a worse prognosis than other melanomas. We aimed to assess clinical findings in Caucasian ALM patients and compare the data with a matched cohort of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) patients.

Methods
We studied 63 patients with ALM and 63 randomly stage- and limb-matched patients with SSM (non-ALM). In both cohorts, guideline-adjusted diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were performed.

Results
We did not observe differences in prognostic factors (e.g., tumor thickness, ulceration) between the two cohorts. Both in ALM and non-ALM patients positive sentinel lymph node was a significant independent predictor for disease relapse and melanoma-specific death. However, disease relapse and melanoma-specific death rates did not significantly differ between ALM and non-ALM patients. An overall 5-year melanoma-specific survival of 82.5% and 81% was observed in ALM and non-ALM patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Our data confirm that patients with ALM have no worse outcome than non-ALM patients when correcting for significant prognostic factors. Hence, the reportedly high rates of fatal ALM cases should not be ascribed to pathobiological differences between ALM and non-ALM but are most likely are a consequence of a delay in diagnosis and thus advanced stage of ALM.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of colonic neoplastic lesions ≤ 30 mm—a single-center experience
Authors: Falt Přemysl , Zapletalová Jana , Urban Ondřej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEndoscopic full-thickness resection (FTR) is a novel technique of endoscopic treatment of colorectal neoplastic lesions not suitable for endoscopic polypectomy or mucosal resection. FTR appears to be a reasonable alternative to technically demanding endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for lesions ≤ 30 mm. However, comparison between FTR and ESD has not been published yet and their mutual positioning in the treatment algorithm is still unclear. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate efficacy and safety of FTR in the treatment of colorectal lesions ≤ 30 mm by comparing prospectively followed FTR cohort to retrospective ESD cohort in the setting of single tertiary endoscopy center. Primary outcomes were technical success rate, R0 resection and curative resection rate, and complication rate. A total of 52 patients in FTR and 50 patients in ESD group were treated between 2015 and 2018. Technical success rate was significantly higher in FTR group (92 vs. 74%, P = 0.01) as well as R0 resection rate (85 vs. 62%, P = 0.01) and curative resection rate (75 vs. 56%, P = 0.01). Complications occurred more frequently in ESD group (40 vs. 13%, P = 0.002), mainly due to high incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome (24 vs. 0%). Total procedure time was substantially shorter in FTR group (26.4 ± 11.0 min vs. estimated 90–240 min). Local residual neoplastic lesions were detected numerically more often in FTR group (12 vs. 5%, P = 0.12). No patient died during follow-up. Compared to ESD, FTR proved significantly higher technical success rate, higher R0 and curative resection rate, and shorter procedure time. In the FTR group, there were significantly less complications but higher incidence of local residual neoplasia. Further research including randomized trials is needed to compare both resection techniques.