bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARID1B/SUB1‐activated lncRNA HOXA‐AS2 drives the malignant behaviour of hepatoblastoma through regulation of HOXA3
Authors: Liu Gongbao , Liu Baihui , Liu Xiangqi , Xie Lulu , He Jiajun , Zhang Jingjing , Dong Rui , Ma Duan , Dong Kuiran , Ye Mujie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been becoming increasingly evident that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various human cancers. However, the biological processes and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in hepatoblastoma (HB) remain unclear. In our previous study, genome‐wide analysis with a lncRNA microarray found that lncRNA HOXA‐AS2 was up‐regulated in HB. Stable transfected cell lines with HOXA‐AS2 knockdown or overexpression were constructed in HepG2 and Huh6 cells, respectively. Our data revealed knockdown of HOXA‐AS2 increased cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HB. Up‐regulation of HOXA‐AS2 promoted HB malignant biological behaviours. Mechanistic investigations indicated that HOXA‐AS2 was modulated by chromatin remodelling factor ARID1B and transcription co‐activator SUB1, thereby protecting HOXA3 from degradation. Therefore, HOXA‐AS2 positively regulates HOXA3, which might partly demonstrate the involvement of HOXA3 in HOXA‐AS2‐mediated HB carcinogenesis. In conclusion, HOXA‐AS2 is significantly overexpressed in HB and the ARID1B/HOXA‐AS2/HOXA3 axis plays a critical role in HB tumorigenesis and development. These results might provide a potential new target for HB diagnosis and therapy.
Impact of drug formulations on kinetics and toxicity in a preclinical model of paclitaxel‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Klein Ines , Wiesen Martin H. J. , Albert Virginia , Bobylev Ilja , Joshi Abhijeet R. , Müller Carsten , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of paclitaxel. Clinical studies suggest that different paclitaxel formulations influence the severity and time course of paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy. We compared two paclitaxel formulations, nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) and Cremophor EL paclitaxel (CreEL‐paclitaxel), for their toxicity, distribution, and clearance in the peripheral nervous system. Neuronal F11 cells were used to detect changes in morphology, cell nuclei size, and cell viability after nab‐ or CreEL‐paclitaxel treatment via MTT Assay and immunohistochemistry. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 50 mg/kg of nab‐paclitaxel or CreEL‐paclitaxel. Paclitaxel levels in serum, liver, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and sciatic nerve (SCN) were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Accumulation of paclitaxel in DRG neurons and SCN was visualized by immunostainings. Neurotoxicity was evaluated after a 4‐week treatment regime with nab‐ or CreEL‐paclitaxel by nerve morphology, behavioral, and functional assays. In vitro cell nuclei size and morphology were similar between the two treatment groups. Viability was increased in neurons exposed to nab‐paclitaxel compared to CreEL‐paclitaxel. In vivo paclitaxel mostly accumulated in DRG. SCN displayed lower paclitaxel uptake. The two paclitaxel formulations mainly accumulated in neurofilament 200‐positive large‐caliber neurons and less in Isolectin B4‐, or calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐positive small‐caliber neurons. Sensory nerve conduction studies demonstrated increased sensory latencies after 11 days in nab‐paclitaxel treated animals, while an increase occurred after 22 days in CreEL‐paclitaxel treated animals. Behavioral testing did not reveal significant differences between the different groups. Skin denervation, axon count, myelin thickness, and F4/80‐positive cell accumulation were comparable between the two treatment groups. Our findings indicate that different drug formulations impact the severity of neuropathy induced by paclitaxel via different tissue uptake. Neurotoxicity was comparable between the two paclitaxel formulations.
Range Extension of Mesophotic Kelps (Ochrophyta: Laminariales and Tilopteridales) in the Central North Atlantic: Opportunities for Marine Forest Research and Conservation
Authors: Tempera Fernando , Milla‐Figueras David , Sinde‐Mano Ana Luísa , Atchoi Elizabeth , Afonso Pedro 
Published: March 2021

Kelp was first recorded for the remote warm‐temperate Azores archipelago (central North Atlantic) in 1971, when a few Laminaria specimens were collected on the Formigas Bank at depths beyond conventional SCUBA diving reach. A shortage of technical means and projects targeting mesophotic environments has since kept this offshore marine protected area as the single known kelp occurrence site. Here, we present new kelp records collected on previously unexplored mesophotic reefs using remote imaging systems, open‐ and closed‐circuit SCUBA diving, and fisheries bycatch information. The new data extend the known distribution range of kelp in the Azores 350 km to the west and 25 km to the southwest, henceforth including several island shelves in the eastern and central Azores. In addition to the previously recorded Laminaria ochroleuca, kelp specimens with a morphology akin to Phyllariopsis brevipes subsp. brevipes are also reported. For the first time, seabed imagery is used to document the depth‐wise diversity of the Azores kelp beds and their associated biota. Our findings emphasize the poor knowledge that persists in regard to Macaronesia’s mesophotic environments located beyond conventional SCUBA diving limits. The new on‐shelf kelp occurrences add conservation value to coastal areas and should facilitate island‐based research. However, their greater proximity to land‐based impacts and exposure to climate change also raise management needs.
Testing small‐scale ecological gradients and intraspecific differentiation for hundreds of kelp forest species using haplotypes from metabarcoding
Authors: Shum Peter , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDNA metabarcoding has been increasingly used to detail distributions of hundreds of species. Most analyses focus on creating molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from complex mixtures of DNA sequences, but much less common is use of the sequence diversity within these MOTUs. Here we use the diversity of COI haplotypes within MOTUs from a California kelp forest to infer patterns of population abundance, dispersal and population history from 527 species of animals and algae from 106 samples of benthic habitats in Monterey Bay. Using haplotypes as a unit we show fine‐grained differences of abundance across locations for 15 species, and marked aggregation from sample to sample for most of the common species of plants and animals. Previous analyses could not distinguish these patterns from artefacts of amplification or sequence bias. Our haplotype data also reveal strong population genetic differentiation over small spatial scales for 48 species of red algae, sponges and Bryozoa. Last, phylogenetic analysis of mismatch frequencies among haplotypes show a wide variety of demographic histories from recent expansions to long, stable population sizes. These analyses show that abundant, small‐bodied marine species that are often overlooked in ecological surveys can have strikingly different patterns of ecological and genetic structure leading to population, ecological and perhaps adaptive differences between habitats. MOTU diversity data from the same sequencing efforts that generate species‐level analyses can greatly increase the scope and value of metabarcoding studies.
Collaboration as Process: The Making of a Partnership to Serve At‐Risk Youths of Haitian Descent
Authors: Marcelin Louis Herns , Dembo Richard , Cela Toni , Burgos Catherimarty , Copeland Morris , Page Bryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasingly intractable nature of many social problems has given rise to cross‐institutional and interdisciplinary collaborations in order to respond to social problems that no single entity can resolve on its own. One value of anthropology lies in its capacity to provide culturally tailored strategies for successful collaboration between different stakeholders in communities, across disciplinary fields, among public policymakers and practitioners. In this article, we revisit the emergence of a collaborative initiative to support at‐risk youths of Haitian descent and their families. This work was undertaken by university researchers, juvenile justice professionals in Miami‐Dade County, and community‐based practitioners. Guided by a holistic anthropological perspective and a multidimensional approach to collaboration, we provide a processual analysis of almost two decades of opportunities and challenges posed by our collaboration and illuminate the importance of collaboration in identifying evidence‐based solutions to social problems. While not all collaborative teams experience the same processes or operate within the same sociocultural contexts, we argue that there are some fundamental principles to establishing effective collaboration: a shared common goal, shared objectives, and time.
Prediction of levobupivacaine concentrations in neonates and infants following neuraxial rescue blocks
Authors: Frawley Geoff , Cortinez Luis Ignacio , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPharmacokinetic simulation was used to characterize levobupivacaine disposition after regional anesthetic rescue for failed spinal anesthesia in neonates and infants.MethodsPopulation pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine were estimated after spinal blockade in a cohort of neonates and infants (n = 25, postnatal age 5–18 weeks, gestation 21–41 weeks, weight 2.4–6 kg). Total levobupivacaine concentrations were assayed 3–4 times in the first hour after spinal levobupivacaine 1 mg kg−1 administration. Parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed‐effects models and supported by priors. Covariates included postnatal age and total body weight. Parameter estimates were used to simulate total levobupivacaine concentrations after a primary spinal levobupivacaine 1 mg kg−1 with rescue caudal levobupivacaine 1.5–2.5 mg kg−1.ResultsA one‐compartment model with a mature clearance 21.5 L h−1 70 kg−1 (CV 47.3%) and central volume 189 L 70 kg−1 (CV 37%) adequately described time‐concentration profiles. Clearance maturation was described using a maturation half‐time of 11.5 weeks postnatal age. The absorption half‐time for spinal levobupivacaine was 2.6 min (CV 56.8%). The upper (97.5% prediction) for peak concentrations after rescue caudal levobupivacaine were 1.5 mg kg−1, 2 mg kg−1, and 2.5 mg kg−1 was 2.05 mg L−1, 2.5 mg L−1, and 2.9 mg L−1 respectively.ConclusionTotal bupivacaine concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L−1 are associated with neurotoxicity in adults. Predicted concentrations after either a repeat spinal or a caudal rescue dose of levobupivacaine 1.5 mg kg−1 1 h after spinal levobupivacaine administration are below the neurotoxic concentration threshold.
A kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention to improve children’s hand hygiene behavior: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Qin Xiuqun , Zeng Jixiao , Feng Yongshen , Zhang Ningning , Tan Yuqin , Chen Jielin , Chen Shiyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present study determined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention in improving children's hand hygiene (HH) behaviors.DesignA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was performed, with a cluster defined as a kindergarten class.SampleParticipants were recruited from 20 classes in six kindergartens. A total of 289 children and their families were enrolled in the intervention group, and 293 children and their families were enrolled in the control group.MeasurementsHH behavior and a related knowledge survey, as well as data on absences due to infection, were collected.InterventionAn 8‐week training session on HH for children and an education program combining a seminar and WeChat groups for parents were provided to participants in the intervention group.ResultsTwo HH behaviors of children, namely, HH after playing outside and 7‐stage HH compliance, were significantly different between the two groups after the intervention. The two HH behaviors and knowledge of infections of parents/legal guardians in the intervention group were better than those in the control group after the intervention. The number of absences due to infections in children was lower in the intervention group than in the control group.ConclusionsKindergarten‐based, family‐involved interventions effectively improved the HH behavior of kindergarten children and decreased absences due to infections.
A pilot study investigating the social contact patterns of Korean elderly
Authors: Oh Hyang Soon , Jeong Sun Young , Yang Youngran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot study describes the characteristics of social contact patterns of the elderly, a group at high‐risk for contracting infections.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.SampleParticipants included 30 volunteers aged 65 years or older.MeasurementsRecords of a contact diary were maintained for a period of 24‐hr.ResultsThirty participants recorded 340 contacts within the 24 hr period, with a mean of 11.3 people daily. Physical encounters accounted for 50.9% of contacts. Participants with an occupation had significantly higher contacts than those without (p=.013). Contact type differed by location and duration (p<.001). Contact locations included: home (11.5%), work (2.4%), elderly welfare facilities (32.9%), transport (1.2%), and other places (52.1%). Contact duration (p < .001) and frequency (p < .001) differed by location. Contact duration differed by frequency (p < .001).ConclusionsThe elderly participate in frequent physical contact that increases their risk of infection, especially among those with an occupation in comparison to those without an occupation. Infection control nursing should focus on providing education to reduce the risk of infections during contact events. Social distancing should be applied to limited periods of infection transmission risk.
Advancement in our understanding of immune response againstEncephalitozooninfection
Authors: Aseeja Praisy , Shaikh Yasmin , Bajpai Anamika , Sirsikar Prachitee , Kalra Sonali K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrosporidia are a group of obligate, intracellular, spore‐forming eukaryotic pathogens, which predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals worldwide.Encephalitozoonspp. is one of the most prevalent microsporidia known to infect humans. Host immune system plays a major role in combating pathogens includingEncephalitozoonspp. infecting humans. Both innate and adaptive arms of host immune system work together in combatingEncephalitozooninfection. Researchers are conducting studies to elucidate the role of both arms of immune system againstEncephalitozooninfection. In addition to cell‐mediated adaptive immunity, role of innate immunity is also being highlighted in clearance ofEncephalitozoonspp. from host body. Therefore, the current review will give a clear and consolidated update on the role of innate as well as adaptive immunity in protection againstEncephalitozoonspp.
Interreligious studies and personal changemaking pedagogy for leadership and the common good: The My Story assignment
Authors: Gustafson Hans Stefan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis article sketches the scaffolded three‐phase “My Story” assignment, which unfolds over the course of a semester, is embedded in the context of local lived interreligious encounter, and aims at developing interfaith leadership and interreligious wherewithal. The context (large urban Catholic university), purpose (student learning outcomes centered on personal changemaking, self‐knowledge, and leadership), description (concrete nuts and bolts of the assignment's procedure), and efficacy (results of piloting the assignment) of the assignment are discussed.
Studies in Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity: Stresses in Bent Circular Shafts With Transverse Holes—Correlation With Results From Fatigue and Strain Measurements
Authors: Frocht M. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bent circular shafts with holes in the plane of bending are of frequent occurrence in modern machines. They often form a part of the lubricating system as, for example, in the crankshafts of aircraft engines. Considerable work has been done to determine the maximum stresses and the factors of stress concentration in such shafts. The author presents a simple method of calculating such stresses for transverse holes in pure bending. Experimental photoelastic evidence that led to this method is given. A comparison of the stress-concentration factors obtained by it is made with the published results from fatigue tests and strain measurements from large steel shafts, which were performed a number of years ago at the Westinghouse Research Laboratories.
The Stresses in Cemented Joints
Authors: Goland M. , Reissner E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The determination of the stresses in cemented lap joints has become of practical importance because of the development of new methods which permit a strong bond to be established between wood, plastic, or metal sheets, or combinations of them by the use of cement adhesives. In this paper, the problem is divided into two parts, (a) determination of the loads at the edges of the joint; (b) determination of the stresses in the joint due to the applied loads. Solutions are obtained for two limiting cases, i.e., where the cement layer is so thin that its effect on the flexibility of the joint may be neglected; and where the joint flexibility is mainly due to that of the cement layer. In both cases expressions are obtained for the shearing stresses in the cement, and for the normal stresses in the cement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the joint.
Relations Between the Notched Beam Impact Test and the Static Tension Test
Authors: MacGregor C. W. , Fisher J. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Results of static tension tests of both notched and uniform bars are compared with notched beam impact tests through the use of true stress-strain values. For the materials tested and under the temperature conditions imposed, it was found that the effect of drawing and testing temperatures on the energy absorbed per unit of volume was essentially the same for both static notched tension and notched beam impact tests.
The Effects of Web Deformation on the Torsion of I-Beams
Authors: Goodier J. N. , Barton M. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An analysis of the I-beam in nonuniform torsion, as for instance, when a built-in end or section of symmetry is prevented from warping, is made which includes not only the bending of the flanges in their own planes (as considered previously by Timoshenko) but also a deformation of the web cross section. This extends the theory to thinner webs and permits the satisfaction of more general end conditions. Numerical examples worked out for three sections, differing in web thickness only, show that the stress and deformation are significantly modified by the web flexibility when the web is sufficiently thin, and that there are then bending stresses in the web which may be larger than the bending stresses in the flanges. Only the unbuckled state of the web is considered.
Moment-Distribution Analysis for Three-Dimensional Pipe Structures
Authors: DeHart R. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a moment-distribution procedure for determining the moments and shears produced in a three-dimensional pipe structure subjected to expansion resulting from temperature change. From the shears existing in the various members, end reactions can be easily determined. The method offers an advantage over virtual-work methods in that fewer calculations are required, consequently reducing the time involved and the danger of omitting some item in the solution.
Experimental Study of Outflow Effects in a Rotating Turbulated Channel
Authors: Zhang Bo-lun , Zhu Hui-Ren , Liu Cun-Liang , Yao Chun-yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The three-pass turbulated serpentine channel has many applications in internal turbine blade systems. However, the studies on the effects of the outflow ratio are lacking, which decreases the thermal analysis accuracy in such a model. To fill this gap, outflow-ratio experiments are conducted on the Nusselt number distributions of a three-pass turbulated channel. The current experimental results can guide and optimize the turbine blade internal cooling system. The results show with the mass flow of the lateral outlet increasing, the low-heat transfer region on the lateral-outflow passage gradually expands. Increasing the mass flow of the lateral outlet heightens the spanwise-averaged Nusselt number of the lateral-outflow passage, especially under the static condition. In the lateral-outflow passage, the rotation significantly improves the Nusselt number uniformity, particularly at the high mass flowrate of the lateral holes; the rotation shows slight effects on the spanwise-averaged Nusselt number of the lateral-outflow passage at low rotation numbers, whereas the profound influence is observed for the spanwise-averaged Nusselt number under high rotation-number condition. The rotation can profoundly increase the pressure coefficient leading to a reduced pressure loss with the rotation number increasing from 0.03 to 0.06.
Quantifying the Combined Effects of Human Errors and Component Failures
Authors: Irshad Lukman , Hulse Daniel , Demirel H. Onan , Tumer Irem Y. , Jensen David C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While a majority of accidents and malfunctions in complex engineered systems are attributed to human error, a closer inspection would reveal that such mishaps often emerge as a result of complex interactions between the human- and component-related vulnerabilities. To fully understand and mitigate potential risks, the effects of such interactions between component failures and human errors (in addition to their independent effects) need to be considered early. Specifically, to facilitate risk-based design, severity of such failures need to be quantified early in the design process to determine overall risk and prioritize the most important hazards. However, existing risk assessment methods either quantify the risk of component failures or human errors in isolation or are only applicable during later design stages. This work intends to overcome this limitation by introducing an expected cost model to the Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning (HEFFR) framework to facilitate the quantification of the effects of human error and component failures acting in tandem. This approach will allow designers to assess the risk of hazards emerging from human- and component-related failures occurring in combination and identify worst-case fault scenarios. A coolant tank case study is used to demonstrate this approach. The results show that the proposed approach can help designers quantify the effects of human error and component failures acting alone and in tandem, identify worst-case scenarios, and improve human-product interactions. However, the underlying likelihood and cost models are subject to uncertainties which may affect the assessments.