bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive daytime sleepiness, morning tiredness and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary syndrome
Authors: Olszowka M. , Held C. , Hadziosmanovic N. , Denchev S. , Manolis A. , Wallentin L. , White H. D. , Stewart R. A. H. , Hagström E. ,   the STABILITY Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep‐related breathing disorders (SRBDs), particularly obstructive sleep apnoea, are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, it is not known whether individual questions used for SRBD screening are associated with major adverse CV events (MACE) and death specifically in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS).MethodsSymptoms associated with SRBD were assessed by a baseline questionnaire in 15,640 patients with CCS on optimal secondary preventive therapy in the STABILITY trial. The patients reported the frequency (never/rarely, sometimes, often and always) of: 1) loud snoring; 2) more than one awakening/night; 3) morning tiredness (MT); 4) excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); or 5) gasping, choking or apnoea when asleep. In adjusted Cox regression models, associations between the frequency of SRBD symptoms and CV outcomes were assessed with never/rarely as reference.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up time of 3.7 years, 1,588 MACE events (541 CV deaths, 749 nonfatal myocardial infarctions [MI] and 298 nonfatal strokes) occurred. EDS was associated (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) with increased risk of MACE (sometimes 1.14 [1.01–1.29], often 1.19 [1.01–1.40] and always 1.43 [1.15–1.78]), MI (always 1.61 [1.17–2.20]) and all‐cause death (often 1.26 [1.05–1.52] and always 1.71 [1.35–2.15]). MT was associated with higher risk of MACE (often 1.23 [1.04–1.45] and always 1.46 [1.18–1.81]), MI (always 1.61 [1.22–2.14]) and all‐cause death (always 1.54 [1.20–1.98]). The other SRBD‐related questions were not consistently associated with worse outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients with CCS, gradually higher levels of EDS and MT were independently associated with increased risk of MACE, including mortality.
Law and the construction of Jewish difference
Authors: RIEDEL MAREIKE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite the significance of the figure of ‘the Jew’ as Other in the Western imagination and the persistence of prejudice against Jews, there have been few studies of contemporary Jews as subjects of prejudice in liberal secular law and legal discourse. This article draws attention to continuing Jewish vulnerability and argues that a focus on colonial encounters and phenotype in understanding processes of legal exclusion based on religion and race cannot fully account for the persistence of anti‐Jewish prejudice and its resonance in law and legal discourse. Through an analysis of contemporary case law from three different countries, I show how narratives of Christian superiority, veiled behind commitments to secular neutrality, and racializing discourse resonate in legal encounters with Jewishness. I highlight parallels with other minority groups, in particular Muslims, and consider the usefulness of antisemitism as an analytical lens to capture the ambivalent dynamics of Jewish inclusion and exclusion.
Vision screening in New Zealand pre‐school children: Is it equitable?
Authors: Findlay Rebecca , Hamm Lisa , Anstice Nicola , Chelimo Carol , Grant Cameron C , Bowden Nicholas , Kokaua Jesse , Black Joanna 
Published: May 2021

AimThis study aimed to investigate the variability by ethnicity, socio‐economic status and location in coverage and testability of the universal B4 School Check vision screening in children aged 4–5 years in New Zealand.MethodsAggregated data from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2015 were sourced from the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. Sourced data were attendance at vision screening and record of visual acuity measurement stratified by ethnicity, socio‐economic status and region. Children who attended screening were compared with the eligible population (n = 252 279) to calculate coverage. Testability was determined by comparing the children with a recorded visual acuity measurement in each eye with those who attended screening.ResultsOverall vision screening coverage was 89.5% and testability was 97.8%. Ethnic differences were evident for coverage (85.7% in Pacific children, 92.5% in European children) and testability (96.4% in Māori children, 98.4% in European children). Socio‐economic differences were also observed for coverage (86.4% in most deprived areas, 92.4% in least deprived), testability (most deprived 96.3%, least deprived 98.7%) and by region (coverage range of 80.4–96.4% and testability range of 93.2–99.3%).ConclusionsSignificant disparities exist in vision screening coverage and testability for New Zealand pre‐school children. Equity‐focused initiatives are required to improve outcomes for children from Māori and Pacific families, and those from households in lower socio‐economic areas. Understanding region‐specific challenges and successes could support more equitable access to vision screening between regions. Further research is required to determine sources of inequities and to investigate interactions between ethnicity, socio‐economic status and location.
Melatonin and the health of menopausal women: A systematic review
Authors: Treister‐Goltzman Yulia , Peleg Roni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMelatonin is involved in multiple changes that characterize the aging and can potentially be a safe and effective treatment for menopausal women. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the medical literature on the health benefits of oral melatonin administration on menopausal women. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched systematically on interventional studies that evaluated the association between oral melatonin administration and the health of menopausal women. Risk for bias was assessed for randomized, controlled studies by the RoB v.2 tool and for non‐randomized trials by the ROBINS‐I tool. Twenty‐four studies on melatonin treatment in various aspects of women's health were included in the final systematic review. The studies included 1,173 participants. No evidence was found for an independent effect of melatonin on hemodynamic measures or markers of glucose metabolism. There is some evidence that very low‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides levels increase during melatonin administration. There is a fair amount of evidence that melatonin treatment has a favorable effect on bone density and BMI. Melatonin treatment improves EEG patterns and subjective sleep quality in postmenopausal women with preexisting sleep impairment. In a dose of 3 mg and above, melatonin improves climacteric symptoms in one or more domains. The vast majority of the studies had a low risk for bias. In light of multiple health benefits and an excellent safety profile, melatonin administration should be considered in menopausal women.
In an era of economic integration, the implications of the border wall on Mexico's economy
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gorman Sylvia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn an era when countries have become politically, technologically, and economically interdependent, global integration has continued to grow. Whereas technology and monetary funds move relatively seamlessly across national borders, the movement of people continues to be problematic. Ethnic and nativist tensions continue to grow, complicating the idea of global and economic integration. As globalization continues to spread, barriers that once fell are now being extended or constructed. One such example is the flourishing economic integration between the United States and Mexico, even as on the US side of the border demands have also grown for extending the border wall. Given that economic integration is a key economic and political agenda for both the United States and Mexico, this study examines the implications of the border wall on economic integration. Specifically, does the border wall undermine the goal of economic integration for Mexico?
Intergenerational transmission of fertility outcomes in Spain
Authors: Morales Marina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze whether parents' fertility behavior may be an important determinant of the future fertility outcomes of their children in Spain. To address this issue, we use data from the Survey of Living Conditions. Our results confirm the intergenerational transmission of fertility behavior in Spain. The higher the parents’ number of children, the higher the number of children that individuals have. We find that individuals from regions where parents have few children may have 0.02 fewer children, because of differences in parental fertility, than those individuals living in regions whose parents have a large number of children, which represents 7% of the difference in fertility across regions.
Sex differences in the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease: focus on cognitively intact elderly individuals
Authors: Hu Yu‐Ting , Boonstra Jackson , McGurran Hugo , Stormmesand Jochem , Sluiter Arja , Balesar Rawien , Verwer Ronald , Swaab Dick , Bao Ai‐Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsWomen are more vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. We investigated (i) whether and at what age the AD hallmarks, that is, β‐amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau) show sex differences; and (ii) whether such sex differences may occur in cognitively intact elderly individuals.MethodsWe first analysed the entire post‐mortem brain collection of all non‐demented ‘controls’ and AD donors from our Brain Bank (245 men and 403 women), for the presence of sex differences in AD hallmarks. Second, we quantitatively studied possible sex differences in Aβ, Aβ42 and p‐Tau in the entorhinal cortex of well‐matched female (n = 31) and male (n = 21) clinically cognitively intact elderly individuals.ResultsWomen had significantly higher Braak stages for tangles and amyloid scores than men, after 80 years. In the cognitively intact elderly, women showed higher levels of p‐Tau, but not Aβ or Aβ42, in the entorhinal cortex than men, and a significant interaction of sex with age was found only for p‐Tau but not Aβ or Aβ42.ConclusionsEnhanced p‐Tau in the entorhinal cortex may play a major role in the vulnerability to AD in women.
Temporal recovery and delayed decline of cognitive functions in patients with hypoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest
Authors: Uno Yuki , Iseki Chifumi , Suzuki Kyoko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological recovery is important for survivors’ quality of life after cardiac arrest. However, most studies on cognitive symptoms after cardiac arrest examined cognitive functions within one year after onset.AimTo investigate long‐term changes in cognitive functions in individuals with hypoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest.MethodsWe retrospectively recruited survivors of cardiac arrest who demonstrated cognitive dysfunction at the chronic stage. The inclusion criteria were follow‐up period of more than 3 years with multiple neuropsychological examinations and brain MRI/CT within 1 year after onset.ResultsFive patients showed various cognitive dysfunctions 1 year after onset, and the follow‐up periods were 3 to 13 years. Four patients showed temporal recovery of cognitive functions over a period of a few years followed by gradual deterioration afterward. The youngest patient, 48 years of age at the final assessment, demonstrated gradual improvement without clear evidence of deterioration for 4 years. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hyperintense areas at the acute stage in 2 patients, and mild cortical atrophy and cerebral hypoperfusion were observed in 3 patients. Delayed cognitive decline in our cases differs in length of the course from that in previously reported “delayed” postanoxic encephalopathy, which appears several days to weeks after onset.ConclusionsCognitive functions in survivors of cardiac arrest recovered for a few years and then gradually deteriorated, which suggests hypoxic changes induce long‐term impact on cerebral functions.
Peroxiredoxin 5 is involved in cancer cell invasion and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Min Kyeong , Zhang Xianglan , Kim Hyung Jun , Hwang Young Sun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeroxiredoxins (Prxs) are antioxidant enzymes that can coordinate cell signal transduction via reactive species scavenging or by acting as redox sensors. The mechanism by which Prxs promote cancer invasion and progression is not yet fully understood. This study aims to elucidate the precise mechanism through which Prx type 5 (Prx5) promotes cancer invasion and tumor growth.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the Prx5 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by using microarray analysis for gene expression profiling. To identify Prx5 function in cancer, lentiviral short hairpin RNA was used for Prx5 depletion, and invasion assay and mouse xenograft were performed.ResultsIn microarray data obtained from OSCC patients, Prx5 showed higher expression at the tumor margin (TM) compared to the tumor center (TC) of the collective invasion. The depletion of Prx5 in OSCC cells (Prx5dep) led to decreased invasion activity. In orthotopic xenograft models, Prx5dep cells harbored delimited tumorigenicity compared to wild‐type cells as well as the suppression of lymph node metastasis. Prx5dep cells showed growth retardation and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The growth retardation of Prx5dep cells resulted in G1 phase arrest.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that Prx5 removes excess ROS, especially in the TM, contributing to cancer invasion and tumor progression.
Association between integrated backscatter and arrhythmia in patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Karaayvaz Ekrem Bilal , Engin Berat , Yalin Kivanc , Ozer Pelin Karaca , Baykiz Derya , Bilge Ahmet Kaya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentricular scars due to myocardial infarction provide a substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the golden standard for the quantification of scar tissue magnitude. CMR has still limitations with patients with ICD despite ICD's becoming MR‐compatible. We investigated the association between calibrated integrated backscatter (cIBS) and arrhythmia frequency in patients with ICD.MethodsThirty‐two ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients with VVI‐ICD (mean age 66.56 ± 9.05, 28 male, and four female) were divided into three groups according to their arrhythmia frequency (ventricular arrhythmia—[VA ‐], VA + [VA +], and arrhythmia storm [AS]). Then with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), all patients’ cIBS values were calculated and these values were compared with the patients’ arrhythmia frequency.ResultscIBS values of patients with VA + and AS were significantly higher in the apical‐septal (0.66 ± 0.11 vs. 0.50 ± 0.16, p = .008) and apical‐lateral (0.62 ± 0.19 vs. 0.46 ± 0.18, p = .041) segments compared to those of patients with VA ‐. The cIBS values of apical‐septal (0.50 ± 0.16 vs. 0.65 ± 0.08 vs. 0.66 ± 0.13 respectively, p = .032) and apical‐anterior (0.53 ± 0.22 vs. 0.48 ± 0.17 vs. 0.79 ± 0.23 respectively, p = .03) segments were significantly different between the groups. Furthermore, in the post hoc analysis, the difference was significantly higher in VA + than VA ‐ in the apical‐septal segment and higher in AS than VA + in apical‐anterior segments.ConclusionOur findings suggest an association between the cIBS values and arrhythmia frequency in the study group.
A novel quantitative trait loci governs prolificacy in ‘Sikkim Primitive’ – A unique maize (Zea mays) landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Prakash Nitish R. , Zunjare Rajkumar U. , Muthusamy Vignesh , Rai Mayank , Kumar Amit , Guleria Satish K. , Bhatt Vinay , Choudhary Jeetram , Chand Gulab , Jaiswal Sunil K. , Bhat Jayant S. , Hossain Firoz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract‘Sikkim Primitive’ is a prolific maize landrace with five to nine ears per plant. Though the landrace was discovered in 1960s, loci governing the prolificacy was not identified. Here, a prolific inbred ‘MGUSP101’ developed from ‘Sikkim Primitive’ was crossed with two nonprolific inbreds, namely, HKI1128 and UMI1200. Two F2:3 populations (MGUSP101 × HKI1128 and MGUSP101 × UMI1200) were evaluated at three locations. Across locations, number of ears per plant varied from 1.35 to 5.38 in MGUSP101 × HKI1128 population. Bulked‐segregant analysis coupled with targeted QTL mapping identified a major QTL (bin: 8.05) explaining 31.7% phenotypic variation amongst 145 F2:3 individuals. The QTL was further validated in 138 F2:3 individuals of MGUSP101 × UMI1200 (range: 1.10–4.88). The identified QTL explained 29.2% of phenotypic variance at the same interval. We designated this novel QTL as ‘qProl‐SP‐8.05’ which has not been reported earlier. Six candidate genes responsible for prolificacy were also identified. This novel QTL can be introgressed through marker‐assisted selection for induction of prolificacy in elite maize. This is the first report of identification of locus governing prolificacy in ‘Sikkim Primitive’.
Fine‐tuning, weird sorts of atheism and evidential favouring
Authors: Tokhadze Tamaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper defends a novel sceptical response to the fine‐tuning argument for the existence of God (FTA). According to this response, even if FTA can establish, what I call, theconfirmation proposition: ‘fine‐tuningconfirmsthe God hypothesis’, there is no reason to think that a strengthening of FTA can establish theevidence‐favouring proposition: ‘fine‐tuningfavoursthe God hypothesis over its competitors’. My argument is that, any criteria for the explanation of fine‐tuning that permit us to take the God hypothesis seriously ought to make us sceptical that fine‐tuning favours the God hypothesis over its competitors. As taking the God hypothesis seriously requires us to give a fair hearing to all sorts of non‐theistic explanations, including the so‐called weird sorts of atheism.
Relationship between financial well‐being, life satisfaction, and cognitive function among low‐income community‐dwelling older adults: the moderating role of sex
Authors: Foong Hui Foh , Haron Sharifah Azizah , Koris Roshanim , Hamid Tengku Aizan , Ibrahim Rahimah 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow financial well‐being is a common predicament among older adults living in poverty. The existing literature suggests a correlation between financial well‐being and mental health in old age. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationships among financial well‐being, life satisfaction, and cognitive function among low‐income older adults and to examine the moderating effect of sex on these relationships.MethodsThis study involved 2004 nationally representative community‐dwelling older Malaysians from the bottom 40% household income group. Financial well‐being was assessed by the four‐item financial satisfaction scale, while life satisfaction was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Cognitive function was measured by using the Malay version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Hierarchical multiple regression was used as the prime method for statistical analysis.ResultsFinancial well‐being was positively associated with life satisfaction and cognitive function. Sex moderated the relationship between financial well‐being and life satisfaction but not between financial well‐being and cognitive function.ConclusionsFinancial well‐being and life satisfaction were strongly correlated among older women, although no gender difference was found for the relationship between financial well‐being and cognitive function. It appears financial well‐being strongly predicts mental health. As such, poverty eradication initiatives targeting low‐income older adults should be implemented to sustain life satisfaction and cognitive function.
Congress and the Political Economy of the National Endowment for the Arts
Authors: Gray Thomas R. , Jenkins Jeffery A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe examine the relationship between the Congress and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), from the agency's inception in the mid‐1960s to the present. The NEA has seen its fortunes rise and fall over time, as congressional appropriations and scrutiny have fluctuated with ideological and partisan change in the House and Senate.MethodsWe use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic regression models to examine the politics of the NEA systematically.ResultsWe find that while the NEA has enjoyed some bipartisan support throughout its tenure, assistance for the agency has been more likely to come from more liberal members and Democrats, respectively. We also uncover some evidence that particular states and districts benefit more of less from NEA grants.ConclusionOverall, states and districts represented by Democrats do better in terms of both grants and grant dollars than states and districts represented by Republicans, with the most liberal Democratic House members doing especially well.
Parcel‐level evaluation of urban land use efficiency based on multisource spatiotemporal data: A case study of Ningbo City, China
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Yan , Liu Juqing , Zhang Chengye , Sang Xiao , Zhong Qianqian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParcel‐level evaluation of urban land use efficiency is necessary for city administrations to understand land use status and problems, and to further optimize land use pattern and policy. However, existing research on urban land use efficiency is mainly carried out at city level or block level, and it is difficult to meet the demand for rapid access to fine‐grained land use efficiency across the entire city. In view of this problem, this article proposes a parcel‐level evaluation method of urban land use efficiency based on multisource spatiotemporal data, including an evaluation index system for parcel‐level land use efficiency, quantitative representation of evaluation indexes based on multisource spatiotemporal data, and a land use efficiency calculation model. The proposed method is then applied to China's Ningbo City, and the evaluation accuracy is 78% compared with the officially reported data and on‐site investigation. Experimental results also show that urban land use efficiency is strongly spatially autocorrelated in Ningbo City, and reveal the impact patterns of factors such as planning policy, facilities, traffic conditions and environmental conditions on the utilization efficiency of different types of land. This research has proved able to accurately evaluate the utilization efficiency of all land parcels across a city in a rapid manner, and to obtain their distribution characteristics and correlation factors. It can further provide data and technical support for formulating targeted urban planning policies and implementing scientific land development.