bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers and focused ultrasound: the future of liquid biopsy for brain tumor patients
Authors: Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Khela Harmon , Bettegowda Anya , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Despite advances in modern medicine, brain tumor patients are still monitored purely by clinical evaluation and imaging. Traditionally, invasive strategies such as open or stereotactic biopsies have been used to confirm the etiology of clinical and imaging changes. Liquid biopsies can enable physicians to noninvasively analyze the evolution of a tumor and a patient’s response to specific treatments. However, as a consequence of biology and the current limitations in detection methods, no blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) brain tumor-derived biomarkers are used in routine clinical practice. Enhancing the presence of tumor biomarkers in blood and CSF via brain-blood barrier (BBB) disruption with MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a very compelling strategy for future management of brain tumor patients.

Methods
A literature review on MRgFUS-enabled brain tumor liquid biopsy was performed using Medline/Pubmed databases and clinical trial registries.

Results
The therapeutic applications of MRgFUS to target brain tumors have been under intense investigation. At high-intensity, MRgFUS can ablate brain tumors and target tissues, which needs to be balanced with the increased risk for damage to surrounding normal structures. At lower-intensity and pulsed-frequency, MRgFUS may be able to disrupt the BBB transiently. Thus, while facilitating intratumoral or parenchymal access to standard or novel therapeutics, BBB disruption with MRgFUS has opened the possibility of enhanced detection of brain tumor-derived biomarkers.

Conclusions
In this review, we describe the concept of MRgFUS-enabled brain tumor liquid biopsy and present the available preclinical evidence, ongoing clinical trials, limitations, and future directions of this application.
Nonlinear flight physics of the Lie Bracket roll mechanism
Authors: Taha Haithem E. , Hassan Ahmed , Fouda Moatasem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we review the concept of Lie brackets and how it can be exploited in generating motion in unactuated directions through nonlinear interactions between two or more control inputs. Applying this technique to the airplane flight dynamics near stall, a new rolling mechanism is discovered through nonlinear interactions between the elevator and the aileron control inputs. This mechanism, referred to as the Lie Bracket Roll Augmentation (LIBRA) mechanism, possesses a significantly higher roll control authority near stall compared to the conventional roll mechanism using ailerons only; it produces more than an order-of-magnitude stronger roll motion over the first second. The main contribution of this paper is to study the nonlinear flight physics that lead to this superior performance of the LIBRA mechanism. In fact, the LIBRA performance in free flight (six DOF) is double that in a confined environment of two-DOF roll-pitch dynamics. The natural feedback from the airplane motion (roll, yaw, and sideslip) into the LIBRA mechanism boosts its performance through interesting nonlinear interplay between roll and yaw, while exploiting some of the changes in the airplane characteristics near stall.
Topological concepts in partially ordered vector spaces
Authors: Hauser T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of partially ordered vector spaces one encounters different sorts of order convergence and order topologies. This article investigates these notions and their relations. In particular, we study and relate the order topology presented by Floyd, Vulikh and Dobbertin, the order bound topology studied by Namioka and the concept of order convergence given in the works of Abramovich, Sirotkin, Wolk and Vulikh. We prove that the considered topologies disagree for all infinite dimensional Archimedean vector lattices that contain order units. For reflexive Banach spaces equipped with ice cream cones we show that the order topology, the order bound topology and the norm topology agree and that order convergence is equivalent to norm convergence.
Feasibility of the EQ-5D in the elderly population: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Marten Ole , Brand Laura , Greiner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The EQ-5D-3L and 5L are widely used generic preference-based instruments, which are psychometrically sound with the general population, but little is known about the instruments’ feasibility in the elderly. Therefore, this systematic review summarises the available literature with regard to the feasibility properties of the instruments in the elderly population.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, PsycInfo and EuroQol databases using pre-specified vocabulary and inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify publications until November 2020. Study characteristics and outcomes referring to the feasibility of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L in the elderly were extracted, if all study participants were at least 65+ years.

Results
We identified 17 studies reporting feasibility outcomes based on four criteria: missing values, completion rates, completion time and broad qualitative statements referring to the completion. Missing values per dimension ranged from 0 to 10.7%, although being mostly below 7%. The completion rate was around 90% or better, whereas the EQ VAS rating was missing from 2.3 to 25.3% of the respondents. Only two of the included studies examined the EQ-5D-5L; 15 studies reported on the EQ-5D-3L.

Conclusion
Comparing our findings against the general population from published literature, we find that feasibility outcomes in older age groups are just below that of younger populations. Furthermore, older respondents have a higher propensity of requiring assistance or even an interviewer-based approach. Nonetheless, the reviewed literature indicates that the EQ-5D-3L still has good feasibility properties and, hence, is highly applicable in older respondents. However, further research is needed to explore feasibility properties of the EQ-5D-5L in this population.
Entrepreneurship in the twenty-first century
Authors: Haltiwanger John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmployer business startups contribute disproportionately to job creation, innovation, and productivity growth. This contribution is dynamic and complex involving much trial and error. Most startups fail or do not grow but a small fraction grow rapidly contributing substantially to economic performance. In the USA, there has been a decline in startup rate and the share of activity accounted for by young firms over the last couple of decades. This decline has accelerated and become pervasive in the post-2000 period even in innovative-intensive sectors. The flip side of this change is an accompanying increase in the share of activity accounted for by mega (10,000 +) firms in the post-2000 period. While both benign and adverse factors may underlie these structural changes, the post-2000 period has also exhibited a decline in productivity growth along with indicators of business dynamism. The global pandemic has had a major adverse impact on health, morbidity, daily life, and economic activity. However, there has been a surge in new business applications that may signal a turning point in entrepreneurial activity.
Detection and identification of changes of hidden Markov chains: asymptotic theory
Authors: Dayanik Savas , Yamazaki Kazutoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper revisits a unified framework of sequential change-point detection and hypothesis testing modeled using hidden Markov chains and develops its asymptotic theory. Given a sequence of observations whose distributions are dependent on a hidden Markov chain, the objective is to quickly detect critical events, modeled by the first time the Markov chain leaves a specific set of states, and to accurately identify the class of states that the Markov chain enters. We propose computationally tractable sequential detection and identification strategies and obtain sufficient conditions for the asymptotic optimality in two Bayesian formulations. Numerical examples are provided to confirm the asymptotic optimality.
Assessment of dispersal and population structure of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in a seaport setting
Authors: Gatto-Almeida Fernanda , de Araújo Soares Amanda , Degrandi Tiago Marafiga , Tiepolo Liliani Marilia , Pichlmueller Florian , Hass Iris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeaports are introduction hotspots for invasive alien species (IAS). This is especially true for rodents, which have accompanied humans around the globe since the earliest days of ocean-going voyages. The rapid spread of IAS soon after arrival in a new environment is facilitated by further human-mediated transport or landscape features, like roads. By measuring genetic diversity and structure to investigate dispersal pathways, we gained insight into the transport, spread and establishment stages of a biological invasion, leveraging the most common rodent species (R. norvegicus) in this setting. We characterized the genetic structure of three Norway rat populations along a busy industrial road used by trucks to access the Port area in Paranaguá city (Brazil). A total of 71 rats were genotyped using 11 microsatellite markers. The results revealed a pattern of gene flow contrary to the expected stepping-stone model along the linear transect, with the two furthest apart populations being clustered together. We hypothesize that the observed outcome is explained by natural dispersal along the corridor being lower than human-mediated transport. The sampled area furthest from the port is a gas station frequented by trucks which are considered the most likely mode of transportation. In terms of management strategies, we suggest more emphasis should be put on cargo surveillance to lower the risk of Norway rat dispersal, not only for biosecurity, but also for sanitary reasons, as this port is a major grain trading point.
Climate change in rural Pakistan: evidence and experiences from a people-centered perspective
Authors: Ajani Amber , van der Geest Kees 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPakistan is home to a wide range of geographical landscapes, each of which faces different climate change impacts and challenges. This article presents findings from a National Geographic Society funded project, which employed a people-centered, narratives-based approach to study climate impacts and adaptation strategies of people in 19 rural study sites in four provinces of Pakistan (N = 108). The study looked at six climate-related stressors—changes in weather patterns, floods, Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, drought, heat waves, and sea-level rise—in the coastal areas of Sindh, the desert of Thar, the plains of Punjab, and the mountains of Hunza, Gilgit, and Chitral. Speaking to people at these frontlines of climate change revealed much about climate suffering and trauma. Not only is the suffering induced by losses and damages to property and livelihood, but climate impacts also take a heavy toll on people’s psycho-social wellbeing, particularly when they are displaced from their homes. The findings further demonstrate that people try to adapt in various ways, for instance by altering their agricultural practices, but they face severe barriers to effective adaptation action. Understanding people’s perceptions of climate change and incorporating their recommendations in adaptation planning can help policy-makers develop a more participatory, inclusive, and holistic climate resilience framework for the future.
Incidence rate of osteoporotic hip fracture in Qatar
Authors: Alsaed Omar Suhail , Abdulla Nabeel , Lutf Abdo , Abdulmomen Ibrahim , Alam Fiaz , Alemadi Samar A. Razaq 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Summary

The incidence rate of osteoporotic hip fracture is essential to formulate a national fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). In this epidemiological study, the incidence rate of osteoporotic hip fracture in Qatar was comparable to that in regional countries, and lower than that in North America and European countries.

Purpose

Estimate the annual incidence rate (IR) of osteoporotic hip fractures (OHF) in Qatar from January 2017 to December 2019.

Methods
Hamad Medical Corporation is a government-based tertiary medical institute. Hip fractures were captured by using the International Classification of Diseases-10 hip fracture codes. The patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify fracture mechanisms. The observed census in 2017 and the estimated censuses of 2018 and 2019 were used to calculate the age-sex-specific annual IR of OHF in the population aged ≥ 40 years. The world population in 2010 was used to calculate the age-adjusted standardized IR in the population aged ≥ 50 years.

Results
In total, 458 hip fractures were identified; 75 (16.4%) were due to high-energy trauma, and 9 (2%) were pathological hip fractures. The total number of OHF was 374 (81.7%). OHF was slightly higher in men (215, 57.5%). The median age (IQR) of the patients was 69 years (56–78 years). In 2017, 2018, and 2019, the age-adjusted standardized IR of OHF per 100,000 with the corresponding 95% CI was 141.7 (141.1–142.2), 140.8 (140.2–141.3), and 162.7 (162.0–163.2) for the whole Qatar population; 154.2 (153.6–154.7), 105.2 (104.7–105.7), and 176.6 (175.9–177.1) for Qataris; and 134.8 (134.3–135.4), 183.9 (183.3–184.6), and 160.4 (159.8–161.0) for non-Qataris, respectively.

Conclusion
The annual age-adjusted standardized IR of OHF per 100,000 inhabitants aged ≥ 50 years in Qatar was comparable to that in regional countries, and lower than that in North America and European countries.
Insight into the environmental monitoring and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various functional areas
Authors: Wang Shuibing , Liu Guijian , Zhang Hong , Yi Mingjian , Liu Yuan , Hong Xingyuan , Bao Xiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol contamination has caused widespread concern about human and environmental health. However, research about VOCs as an important precursor of secondary aerosols in ambient air is still limited. In this study, VOCs at sites from three typical functional areas in Hefei, China, were monitored using GC–MS/FID. The VOCs in ambient air from different functional areas showed significantly different characteristics. The highest concentrations and the biggest diurnal difference of VOCs were found in the High-tech Zone (industrial area) with serried emission sources. Additionally, lower VOC concentration was observed in Changjiang West Road, the center area of studied city. The VOC concentration in this area is strongly related to other pollutants. The composition of VOCs at all sampling sites showed certain common characteristics, i.e., alkanes, OVOCs, and halogenated hydrocarbons account for more than 75% of the total VOCs’ quality. The High-tech Zone with the highest concentration of VOCs also has the highest proportion of alkanes. Besides, the positive matrix factorization analysis results revealed that vehicle exhaust, LPG volatilization sources, and chemical solvents were the most important VOC emission sources in Hefei. In terms of the contribution of VOC components to the OFP at the three sites, the olefins and alkynes at the Changjiang West Road site and the Science Island site contribute the most significant proportion. In contrast, the OVOCs at the High-tech Zone site contribute the largest proportion.
Mechanisms of Immunomodulation and Cytoprotection Conferred to Pancreatic Islet by Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lebreton Fanny , Hanna Reine , Wassmer Charles H. , Bellofatto Kevin , Perez Lisa , Othenin-Girard Véronique , de Tejada Begoña Martinez , Cohen Marie , Berishvili Ekaterine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine activity can reverse inflammation mediated dysfunction of islet grafts. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) possess regenerative, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that hAECs could protect islets from cellular damage induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. To verify our hypothesis, hAEC monocultures, rat islets (RI), or RI-hAEC co-cultures where exposed to a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail (Interferon γ: IFN-γ, Tumor necrosis factor α: TNF-α and Interleukin-1β: IL-1β). The secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression changes in hAECs and viability and function of RI were evaluated. The expression of non-classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules by hAECs cultured with various IFN-γ concentrations were assessed. Exposure to the pro-inflammatory cocktail significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL10 and G-CSF by hAECs, which was confirmed by upregulation of IL6, and IL10 gene expression. HLA-G, HLA-E and PDL-1 gene expression was also increased. This correlated with an upregulation of STAT1, STAT3 and NF-κB1gene expression levels. RI co-cultured with hAECs maintained normal function after cytokine exposure compared to RI cultured alone, and showed significantly lower apoptosis rate. Our results show that exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulates secretion of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors by hAECs through the JAK1/2 – STAT1/3 and the NF-κB1 pathways, which in turn protects islets against inflammation-induced damages. Integrating hAECs in islet transplants appears as a valuable strategy to achieve to inhibit inflammation mediated islet damage, prolong islet survival, improve their engraftment and achieve local immune protection allowing reducing systemic immunosuppressive regimens.
Graphical Abstract
This study focuses on the cytoprotective effect of isolated hAECs on islets exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated secretion of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors by hAECs putatively through the JAK1/2 – STAT1/3 and the NF-κB1 pathways. This had protective effect on islets against inflammation-induced damages. Taken together our results indicate that incorporating hAECs in islet transplants could be a valuable strategy to inhibit inflammation mediated islet damage, prolong islet survival, improve their engraftment and achieve local immune protection allowing to reduce systemic immunosuppressive regimens.
Sleep and health: examining the relation of sleep to burnout and well-being using a consumer fitness tracker
Authors: Grossi Nina R. , Batinic Bernad , Moharitsch Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSleep is an essential requirement for both physiological and psychological functioning and has an impact on various health parameters. The present study aimed to examine how quantity and quality of sleep predicts burnout and well-being by using both self-reported and objectively collected sleep data. The participants were 104 white-collar workers who wore a fitness tracker for 14 consecutive days and filled out a questionnaire about sleep, burnout, and well-being. The results showed that self-reported sleep quality predicts burnout and well-being, but neither did self-reported nor objective sleep duration. We concluded that although measuring sleep duration with a consumer fitness tracker still needs to be improved, it is a useful addition to self-reported sleep measures. The study did solidify results from previous self-reported measures and point out the prominent role of sleep quality rather than hours of sleep.
Family Mindfulness Training for Childhood ADHD: Short- and Long-Term Effects on Children, Fathers and Mothers
Authors: Bögels Susan M. , Oort Frans J. , Potharst Eva , van Roosmalen Ruud , Williams J. Mark G. , de Bruin Esther I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated the effects of the family mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) “MYmind” for children with ADHD and their parents, and examined child and parent predictors of child outcome.

Methods
Using a pragmatic quasi-experimental waitlist design, children aged 7–19 years (n = 167), clinically referred with a DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis, and both their parents completed waitlist (average waiting time was 8 weeks), pre-test, post-test, 8-week, and 1-year follow-up measurements. MYmind consisted of eight weekly 1.5-h mindfulness-based group sessions for children and parallel for parents, and a follow-up session. We assessed children’s and both parents’ ADHD symptoms and other psychopathology, child executive function, parental stress, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting.

Results
Multilevel analyses revealed medium-to-large effect-sized reduced child ADHD symptoms between pre- and post-test, becoming stronger at follow-ups, while no waitlist effects occurred. Parents above the ADHD threshold improved on adult ADHD symptoms with similar sized effects. Children’s and parents’ other psychopathology, child executive function, parental overreactivity, and mindful parenting improved, whereas parental stress only improved at 1-year follow-up. Child age, child gender, ADHD medication, parental ADHD, and parent participation did not predict child outcome. Parent gender however interacted with parental ADHD to predict child outcome; children of fathers (but not mothers) above the ADHD threshold improved more than children of fathers below the ADHD threshold at post-test and at 8-week follow-up. Reduced paternal ADHD from pre- to post-test mediated this effect.

Conclusions
Family MBI (MYmind) may reduce childhood ADHD and improve parental functioning. Fathers with ADHD symptoms appear important in helping offspring with ADHD.
Acculturation and Sexual Attitudes: a Systematic Review
Authors: Blanc Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The culture plays an important role in sexuality. Although each ethnocultural group has its own sexual attitudes, in multicultural contexts, the acculturation process could modify the sexual attitudes of these groups. The aim of the study was to perform a systematic literature review of the studies that have examined the relationship between acculturation and sexual attitudes.

Method
The review was carried out in the ProQuest and Scopus databases. There was no time restriction in literature search.

Results
A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. The year of publication of the studies ranged from 1982 to 2020. The studies were conducted in the USA and/or in Canada and included mainly Asians and Latinos/Hispanics. Proxy indicators, unidimensional, and bidimensional measures were used to measure acculturation. In general, results show that mainstream acculturation is positively related to liberal or positive sexual attitudes. Relevant interaction and mediation effects were also found: (1) mainstream dimension moderates the relationship between heritage dimension and sexual attitudes, (2) heritage dimension moderates the relationship between mainstream dimension and sexual attitudes, (3) acculturation moderates the relation between gender and sexual attitudes, (4) gender moderates the relation between acculturation and sexual attitudes, (5) the ethnocultural origin moderates the relationship between acculturation and sexual attitudes, and (6) sex guilt mediated the relationship between mainstream acculturation and sexual desire.

Conclusion
The acculturation process is related to sexual attitudes.

Policy Implications
Knowing the acculturation process could be important to achieve greater equity in sexual health among different groups.