bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet and social media uses, digital divides, and digitally mediated transnationalism in forced migration: Syrians in Turkey
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Özçürümez Saime , Tursun Özgün 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article studied Internet and social media uses, digital divides (access, use, and impact of the Internet and social media), and digitally mediated transnationalism in forced migration with the case of Syrians in Turkey. The mixed method analysis is based on surveys with 762 respondents, 52 interviews, and participant observations among Syrians in Gaziantep, Istanbul, and Izmir provinces in Turkey. Digitally mediated transnationalism became the everyday strategy, practice, and resilience of Syrians in Turkey. The first‐ and second‐level digital divides, that is, the differences in their access to and use of the Internet and social media diminished while many third‐level digital divides (impacts) remained. Syrians in Turkey used information and communication technologies, the Internet and social media for accessing basic needs and services, to enhance their challenging psycho‐social well‐being, to maintain transnational bonding and bridging connections to Syria, the European Union and elsewhere, and some also to implement their mobility plans.
Trading‐off monetary rewards as reinforcers to enhance task motivation and performance of publication in academia
Authors: Gaus Nurdiana , Jasruddin  , Saleh Arifin , Resnawaty Risna , Paramma Muhammad Azwar , Tanjung Yurisna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to examine how an inappropriate traded‐off design scheme of monetary rewards as reinforcers to task motivation and performance can promote poor quality of publication in academia and create the potential ‘hidden costs of rewards.’ Six universities in the western and eastern regions of Indonesia were selected to investigate this issue, and 70 academics from different social science backgrounds were interviewed. Our research results show that the monetary rewards implemented by the Indonesian government only act as a trigger for the initial motivation and become a quantitative lever for journal publications, not a quality lever. Consequently, the quality of publication is still poor because of the low‐powered incentive schemes that are designed based on task‐completion, disregarding the ‘synergistic effect’ between the government's intentions and the academics' attributions. The implications of this study and recommendations to policymakers are provided in this paper.
Prognostic gene expression analysis in a retrospective, multinational cohort of 155 multiple myeloma patients treated outside clinical trials
Authors: Chen Yan‐Ting , Valent Erik T. , van Beers Erik H. , Kuiper Rowan , Oliva Stefania , Haferlach Torsten , Chng Wee‐Joo , van Vliet Martin H. , Sonneveld Pieter , Larocca Alessandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTypically, prognostic capability of gene expression profiling (GEP) is studied in the context of clinical trials, for which 50%‐80% of patients are not eligible, possibly limiting the generalizability of findings to routine practice. Here, we evaluate GEP analysis outside clinical trials, aiming to improve clinical risk assessment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients.MethodsA total of 155 bone marrow samples from MM patients were collected from which RNA was analyzed by microarray. Sixteen previously developed GEP‐based markers were evaluated, combined with survival data, and studied using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsGene expression profiling‐based markers SKY92 and the PR‐cluster were shown to be independent prognostic factors for survival, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval of 3.6 [2.0‐6.8] (P < .001) and 5.8 [2.7‐12.7] (P < .01) for overall survival (OS). A multivariate model proved only SKY92 and the PR‐cluster to be independent prognostic factors compared to cytogenetic high‐risk patients, the International Staging System (ISS), and revised ISS. A substantial number of high‐risk individuals could be further identified when SKY92 was added to the cytogenetic, ISS, or R‐ISS. In the cytogenetic standard‐risk group, ISS I/II, and R‐ISS I/II, 13%, 23%, and 23% of patients with adverse survivals were identified.ConclusionsFor the first time, this study confirmed the prognostic value of GEP markers outside clinical trials. Conventional prognostic models to define high‐risk MM are improved by the incorporation of GEP markers.
Smoking cessation programme in hospitalised patients due to acute respiratory disease
Authors: Guerra Sónia Isabel Silva , Vale Jorge Marques , Nunes Rui Dias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospital environment is generally propitious to smoking cessation for several reasons, such as a legal ban on smoking in hospital facilities, greater vulnerability facing acute illness and the continuous contact with healthcare professionals.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of intensive smoking cessation intervention during hospital admission due to acute respiratory disease and a 6‐month follow up after hospital discharge.MethodsThis prospective study included patients admitted at our Pulmonology Department due to acute respiratory disease – active smokers who consented to participate in smoking cessation counselling programme – between January and December 2019. After hospital discharge, the patients completed a 6‐month follow up. Statistical analysis was performed with spss system version 24.0, using univariate analysis with Chi‐squared and t‐test.ResultsWe included 30 patients, 86.7% male, with a mean age of 58.6 ± 13.6 years. The mean length of stay was 10 ± 11 days. The mean smoking time was 40.3 ± 14.4 years and the mean smoking load 40 ± 26 pack‐year units. The mean level of nicotine dependence, measured by the Fagerström test, was 4.3 ± 2.8. None of the patients accepted smoking cessation pharmacological therapy. After hospital discharge, 19 patients were seen in consultation, 11 of whom maintained smoking cessation at 6 months, determining an overall smoking cessation rate of 36.7%. There was a statistically significant difference in the smoking cessation successful group regarding the motivation to quit smoking and the Richmond test compared to the unsuccessful group.ConclusionSmoking cessation counselling behaviour programmes during hospitalisation, with regular follow up after hospital discharge, contribute to an increase in smoking cessation rate.
MALAT1 shuttled by extracellular vesicles promotes M1 polarization of macrophages to induce acute pancreatitis via miR‐181a‐5p/HMGB1 axis
Authors: Liu Jie , Niu Zequn , Zhang Rui , Peng Zhuo , Wang Liming , Liu Zhong , Gao Yanxia , Pei Honghong , Pan Longfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious condition carrying a mortality of 25–40%. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have reported to exert potential functions in cell‐to‐cell communication in diseases such as pancreatitis. Thus, we aimed at investigating the mechanisms by which EV‐encapsulated metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript‐1 (MALAT1) might mediate the M1 polarization of macrophages in AP. Expression patterns of MALAT1, microRNA‐181a‐5p (miR‐181a‐5p) and high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in serum of AP patients were determined. EVs were isolated from serum and pancreatic cells. The binding affinity among miR‐181a‐5p, MALAT1 and HMGB1 was identified. AP cells were co‐cultured with EVs from caerulein‐treated MPC‐83 cells to determine the levels of M1/2 polarization markers and TLR4, NF‐κB and IKBa. Finally, AP mouse models were established to study the effects of EV‐encapsulated MALAT1 on the M1 polarization of macrophages in AP in vivo. MALAT1 was transferred into MPC‐83 cells via EVs, which promoted M1 polarization of macrophages in AP. MALAT1 competitively bound to miR‐181a‐5p, which targeted HMGB1. Moreover, MALAT1 activated the TLR4 signalling pathway by regulating HMGB1. EV‐encapsulated MALAT1 competitively bound to miR‐181a‐5p to upregulate the levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α by regulating HMGB1 via activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway, thereby inducing M1 polarization of macrophages in AP. In vivo experimental results also confirmed that MALAT1 shuttled by EVs promoted M1 polarization of macrophages in AP via the miR‐181a‐5p/HMGB1/TLR4 axis. Overall, EV‐loaded MALAT1 facilitated M1 polarization of macrophages in AP via miR‐181a‐5p/HMGB1/TLR4, highlighting a potential target for treating AP.
A novel naphthalimide derivative reduces platelet activation and thrombus formation via suppressing GPVI
Authors: Shih Tzenge‐Lien , Lin Kuan‐Hung , Chen Ray‐Jade , Chen Ting‐Yu , Kao Wei‐Ting , Liu Jen‐Wei , Wang Hsueh‐Hsiao , Peng Hsien‐Yu , Sun Yu‐Yo , Lu Wan‐Jung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNaphthalimide derivatives have multiple biological activities, including antitumour and anti‐inflammatory activities. We previously synthesized several naphthalimide derivatives; of them, compound 5 was found to exert the strongest inhibitory effect on human DNA topoisomerase II activity. However, the effects of naphthalimide derivatives on platelet activation have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the antiplatelet activity of compound 5 was determined in this study. The data revealed that compound 5 (5–10 μM) inhibited collagen‐ and convulxin‐ but not thrombin‐ or U46619‐mediated platelet aggregation, suggesting that compound 5 is more sensitive to the inhibition of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling. Indeed, compound 5 could inhibit the phosphorylation of signalling molecules downstream of GPVI, followed by the inhibition of calcium mobilization, granule release and GPIIb/IIIa activation. Moreover, compound 5 prevented pulmonary embolism and prolonged the occlusion time, but tended to prolong the bleeding time, indicating that it can prevent thrombus formation but may increase bleeding risk. This study is the first to demonstrate that the naphthalimide derivative compound 5 exerts antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Future studies should modify compound 5 to synthesize more potent and efficient antiplatelet agents while minimizing bleeding risk, which may offer a therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases.
Evolution of resistance under alternative models of selective interference
Authors: Madgwick Philip G. , Kanitz Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of multiple pesticides or drugs can lead to a simultaneous selection pressure for resistance alleles at different loci. Models of resistance evolution focus on how this can delay the spread of resistance through a population, but often neglect how this can also reduce the probability that a resistance allele spreads. This neglected factor has been studied in a parallel literature as selective interference. Models of interference use alternative constructions of fitness, where selection coefficients from different loci either add or multiply. Although these are equivalent under weak selection, the two constructions make alternative predictions under the strong selection that characterizes resistance evolution. Here, simulations are used to examine the effects of interference on the probability of fixation and time to fixation of a new and strongly beneficial mutation in the presence of another strongly beneficial allele with variable starting frequency. The results from simulations show a complicated pattern of effects. The key result is that, under multiplicativity, the presence of the strongly beneficial allele leads to a small reduction in the probability of fixation for the new beneficial mutation up to ~10%, and a negligible increase in the average time to fixation up to ~2%, whereas under additivity, the effect is more substantial at up to ~50% for the probability of fixation and ~100% for the average time to fixation. Consequently, the effect of interference is only an important feature of resistance evolution under additivity. Current evidence from studies of experimental evolution provides widespread support for the basic features of additivity, which suggests that interference may afford resistance a different pattern of evolution than other adaptations: rather than the gradual and simultaneous selection of many alleles with small effects, the rapid evolution of resistance may involve the sequential selection of alleles with large effects.
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus‐associated large‐scale mortality in farmed giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India
Authors: Swaminathan Thangaraj Raja , Raj Nithianantham Sundar , Preena Prasannan Geetha , Pradhan Pravata Kumar , Sood Neeraj , Kumar Rahul Girish , Sudhagar Arun , Sood Naresh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMegalocytivirus cause diseases that have serious economic impacts on aquaculture, mainly in East and South‐East Asia. Five primary genotypes are known: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV), threespine stickleback iridovirus (TSIV) and scale drop disease virus (SDDV). ISKNV‐mediated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis disease (ISKND) is a major viral disease in both freshwater and marine fish species. In this study, we report the isolation of ISKNV from diseased giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy, in India. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of kidney and spleen revealed the presence of numerous polygonal naked viral particles having an outer nucleocapsid layer within the cytoplasm of enlarged cells (115–125 nm). Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of ISKNV and the major capsid protein (MCP) (1,362 bp) gene in the infected fish had a high similarity to the other ISKNV‐I isolates. Moreover, ISKNV was propagated in the Astronotus ocellatus fin (AOF) cell line and further confirmed genotypically. A high mortality rate (60%) was observed in gourami fish injected with ISKNV‐positive tissue homogenate through challenge studies. Considering the lethal nature of ISKNV, the present study spotlights the implementation of stringent biosecurity practices for the proper control of the disease in the country.
Chitosan‐nanocomposites as a food active packaging: Effect of addition of tocopherol and modified montmorillonite
Authors: Dias Marali Vilela , de Azevedo Viviane Machado , Ferreira Laura Fonseca , de Oliveira Ana Carolina Salgado , Borges Soraia Vilela , de Fátima Ferreira Soares Nilda , Medeiros Eber Antonio A. , de Deus Souza Carneiro João 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of natural biodegradable polymers to partially or totally replace synthetic polymers may be advantageous in food packaging, mainly when are associated with additional features such as active packaging. This article aimed to evaluate the effect of tocopherol concentration (0, 5, 10, and 20%) and modified montmorillonite clay (MMT15A) nanoparticles (0 and 1%) on the properties of chitosan (CS) films. The addition of tocopherol provided antioxidant activity and improved the thermal stability of the films, and acted as a plasticizer, decreasing the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperature of the films. Although MMT15A and tocopherol did not change the water vapor permeability, an improvement of the mechanical strength and lower equilibrium moisture content was observed when compared to the treatment made with CS alone. Both MMT15A and tocopherol allowed the production of bio‐nanocomposites with thermal, morphological, mechanical, and water‐resistant properties to be used as an antioxidant in packaging materials.Practical ApplicationsThe films containing both montmorillonite (MMT15A) and tocopherol presented an improved mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity when compared to the films containing the only tocopherol. Therefore, it was possible to develop antioxidant chitosan films with improved properties using up to 20% tocopherol and MMT15A. At this tocopherol and MMT 15A concentrations, the films may also be used to nutritionally enrich food, adding value to the package and the conditioned product. Furthermore, the films can also be considered edible films with combined properties.
Spontaneous pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Mineshige Takayuki , Inoue Takashi , Kawai Kenji , Seki Fumiko , Yurimoto Terumi , Hata Jun‐ichi , Watanabe Kenichi , Kobayashi Yoshiyasu , Sasaki Erika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA seven‐year‐old female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) presented with weight loss. Imaging revealed a left thoracic mass, confirmed at necropsy. Histology and immunohistochemistry suggested a well‐differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinoma. No evidence of local lymphovascular invasion or distant metastasis was observed. This is the first report of pulmonary adenocarcinoma in marmosets.
Serum level of serum amyloid A1 protein in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Akl Essam Mohamed , Halim Walid A Abdel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) protein is involved in many pathological diseases. The increased secretion of SAA1 can maintain inflammatory conditions. Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous glands and may be associated with systemic manifestations.Aim of the workThis study aimed to evaluate the serum level of SAA1 in patients with AV.Subjects and Methods120 participants were included in this study: 60 patients with AV and 60 apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. These participants were subjected to dermatological examination and assessments of lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and serum SAA1.ResultsBoth serum SAA1 and FBG are significantly elevated in patients with AV than control (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, there are positive correlations between AV severity and SAA1 and FBG (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsSerum amyloid A1 is increased in AV, and this elevation may play a role in the inflammatory milieu of AV.
Laser‐induced macular neovascularization following accidental exposure to Alexandrite laser and excellent response to anti‐VEGF: A case report
Authors: Alizadeh Yousef , Dourandeesh Maryam , Akbari Mitra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to report a case of laser‐induced macular neovascularization (MVN) following accidental exposure to Alexandrite laser.MethodsA young female presented with a painless visual blurring of the right eye 25 days after direct inadvertent exposure to a single discharge from a 750‐nm Alexandrite hair removal procedure. The best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the right eye was finger count 3 m (M). Ophthalmoscopic findings, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography angiography were evaluated.ResultsFundus examination of the right eye revealed intraretinal hemorrhage and a round yellow‐grayish subretinal lesion just beneath the fovea. SD‐OCT of the right eye showed retinal thickening, subretinal hyperreflective lesion, subretinal and mild intraretinal fluid, and a small retinal pigment epithelium defect beneath the fovea. Optical coherence tomography angiography demonstrated MNV type 2. After the administration of intravitreal injection of three monthly anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor, BCVA improved to 20/20.
Telogen effluvium in daily practice: Patient characteristics, laboratory parameters, and treatment modalities of 3028 patients with telogen effluvium
Authors: Yorulmaz Ahu , Hayran Yildiz , Ozdemir Ahmet Kagan , Sen Orhan , Genc Ilgaz , Gur Aksoy Gunes , Yalcin Basak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTelogen effluvium (TE) is a common form of non‐scarring alopecia, characterized by excessive shedding of telogen club hairs.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate patient characteristics, laboratory parameters, and treatment strategies in TE.MethodsElectronic records of 3028 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data, as well as serum parameters screening for iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate and zinc deficiencies, thyroid function, and ANA titers, were evaluated.ResultsIn the study group, the most frequently performed test type was serum ferritin level (82.3%), followed by complete blood count (81%), both of which revealed that 6.2% of the patients had iron deficiency anemia. 4.6% of the patients had thyroid dysfunction. In screened patients, vitamin and mineral deficiencies were as follows: vitamin D (72.2%), vitamin B12 (30.7%), folate (4.4%), and zinc (2.1%). Women were more likely to be prescribed vitamin D replacement therapy. Iron replacement was the most frequently ordered treatment, comprising 37.5% of total prescriptions.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive retrospective study having the largest number of patients with TE. Our results will not only help to augment knowledge about TE, but also provide a diagnostic algorithm for the laboratory and clinical workup of patients with TE.
Alopecia areata: A psychodermatological perspective
Authors: Torales Julio , Castaldelli‐Maia João Mauricio , Ventriglio Antonio , Almirón‐Santacruz José , Barrios Iván , O’Higgins Marcelo , García Oscar , Navarro Rodrigo , Melgarejo Osvaldo , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune dermatological disease that could be influenced by psychological factors as part of the pathophysiology of the illness.AimsThis review article aims to report on psychodermatological and psychopathological aspects involved in the etiopathogenesis and comorbidities of AA, as well as on the psychiatric and psychological management of affected patients.MethodsWe conducted a literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from January 1980 to May 2021 employing the search terms of alopecia areata, psychological factors, psychological impact, psychodermatology, and psychopathology. All lists of references from the identified articles were screened for further relevant studies. The search was limited to English and Spanish language articles and was supplemented with themed books and book chapters. No specific quality criteria were used for the studies selection.ResultsSeveral authors have found a high comorbidity rate between AA and mental disorders, concluding that stress and psychological factors are involved in both the development and exacerbation of the illness. More evidences are needed in order to describe the associations between the immune response, stress, and the physiological factors observed in AA patients.ConclusionAA is a complex illness characterized by multifactorial etiology. An interaction between genetic, autoimmune, hormonal, neural, and psychological factors is supposed. Psychopathological aspects of illness need to be better described and considered in the clinical setting.