bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Printing of Mitral Valve Models Using Echocardiographic Data: Does it Add to The Knowledge of Cardiology Fellow Physicians in Training?
Authors: Bulbul Ziad , Rassi Issam El , Atweh Lamya , Hamade Ramsey F. , Tamim Hani , Bitar Fadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: High fidelity three-dimensional Mitral valve models (3D MVM) printed from echocardiography are currently being used in preparation for surgical repair. We hypothesize that printed 3DMVM could have relevance to cardiologists in training by improving their understanding of normal anatomy and pathology. Methods: Fifteen fellow physicians in pediatrics and adult cardiology training were recruited. 3D echocardiography video clips of 6 mitral valves (one normal and five pathological) were displayed and the fellows were asked to name the prolapsing segments in each. Following that, still images of 3D MVMs corresponding to the same MVs seen in the clip were presented on a screen and the participating physicians were asked to answer a comprehensive questionnaire aimed at assessing whether the 3D model has improved their understanding of valvular anatomy. Finally, a printed 3D MVM of each of the previously projected valves was handed out, and the same questionnaire was re-administered to identify any further improvement in the participants’ perception of the anatomy. Results: The correct diagnosis using the echocardiography video clip of the Mitral valve was attained by 45% of the study participants. Both pediatric and adult trainees, regardless of the year of training demonstrated improved understanding of the anatomy of MV’s after observing the latter’s model image, with an even further improvement in that understanding after they had seen and physically examined the printed model. Conclusion: Printed 3D MVM has a beneficial impact on the understanding of MV anatomy and pathology compared to 3D-Echocardiography (3DE) images in cardiology trainees.
Landscape of Genetic and Modular Networks Between Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yuan Ye , Shi Hongbing , Wu Ye , Li Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The relationship between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been demonstrated in many studies. However, the underlying connection is still unknown. The present study explored the landscape between them. Based on literature research and modularized analysis, NSCLC and COPD network were constructed. We employed functional annotation to measure the relationships among the annotation terms of overlapping modules. The two diseases share 154 overlapping genes, 2374 common biological processes and 601 pathways. MMP9, BCL2, BAX, TP53, PIK3CA were common hub genes of the top three modules between NSCLC and COPD. The most common significant biological process was inflammatory response. Via validation, MMP9 and BCL2 were highly expressed in the NSCLC patients with COPD than healthy donors, while BAX and TP53 were lower expressed. Our results provide novel molecular connection between NSCLC and COPD, which may facilitate the dignosis and treatment of multiple diseases.
Welding of Fiber Reinforced 5-Harness Satin Woven Thermoplastic Composite Fabrics by Ultra-High Frequency Induction System
Authors: Olgun Oner Hasim , CAVDAR UGUR 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, we report 6 plies of 5-harness satin woven fabrics were welded each other by ultra high frequency induction system between two tempered glass surfaces at 400°C under 640 kPa pressure for 120 seconds. The results of mechanical properties, Brinell hardness tests and SEM analysis proved an intimate contact between plies allowing the fusion in the bonding area for PEEK matrix.
A Retrospective Study on the Impact of Bar Flipping on the Recurrence of Pectus Excavatum after the Nuss Procedure
Authors: Fan Yu-Jiun , Lo Po-Cheng , Hsu Yuan-Yu , Tzeng I-Shiang , Wei Bo-Chun , Cheng Yeung-Leung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Nuss procedure is widely used to correct pectus excavatum. Bar displacement is a common complication associated with this procedure. How the flipping of the bar affects pectus excavatum recurrence has not been reported. In our study, we discuss this and also offer an easier method to determine bar flipping.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed pectus excavatum patients who underwent primary Nuss repair from August 2014 to December 2018. The preoperative and postoperative Haller indices were measured on chest radiographs (cxrHI). The slope angle of bar flipping (α) was measured on lateral chest radiographs. The improvement index after surgical repair was calculated by: ([preoperative cxrHI-postoperative cxrHI]/preoperative cxrHI×100). The impact of α on the improvement index was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and receiver operating characteristic tests.ResultsIn this study, 359 adult and adolescent patients with an average age of 23.9±7.7 years were included. We formed four subgroups based on the α value: α ≤ 10° (n=131), α = 11-20° (n=154), α = 21-30° (n=51), and α > 30° (n=23). The mean improvement indices in these groups were 27%, 28%, 26%, and 13%, respectively. Patients with α > 30° were associated with a significantly poorer improvement index than those from the other subgroups (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe α value is an alternative measurement method for presenting the radiological outcomes after the Nuss procedure. An α > 30° indicates a possible recurrence of pectus excavatum after the Nuss repair. Surgical revision may be considered in patients with an α > 30°, while monitoring should be considered in the other patient groups.
Effects of Green Cardamom Supplementation on Obesity and Diabetes Gene Expression Among Obese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheshmeh Sahar , Elahi Negin , Ghayyem Maysa , Mosayebi Elahe , Moradi Shima , Pasdar Yahya , Tahmasebi Susan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease in which related obesity, metabolic disorders and is considered as one of the main causes of infertility in women. This trial was investigated the effects of green cardamom on obesity and diabetes genes expression among obese women with PCOS.Methods194 PCOS women were randomly divided two groups: intervention (n= 99; 3 g/day green cardamom) and control groups (n=95). All of them were given low calorie diet. Anthropometric, glycemic and androgen hormones were assessed before and after 16 weeks’ intervention. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), Peroxisome proliferative activating Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Beta (ACAB), Leptin Receptor (LEPR), Gherlin, and lamin A/C (LAMIN) genes in PBMC were measured in each group using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.ResultsAnthropometric indices were significantly decreased after intervention in both two studied groups. Glycemic indices and androgen hormones were significantly improved in the intervention group. The expression level of FTO, CPT1A, LEPR, and LAMIN were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001), as well as, PPAR-y was significantly up-regulated in the intervention group after intervention with green cardamom (P<0.001). ConclusionThis current study showed that the administration of green cardamom is a beneficial approach for improving of anthropometric, glycemic and androgen hormones, as well as, obesity and diabetes genes expression in PCOS women under low calorie diet. This trial was registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: IRCT20200608047697N1). 1 August, 2020; https://www.irct.ir/trial/48748
Laser-assisted Hatching Improves Live Birth Rate of Vitrified-warmed Blastocyst Transfer Cycles: a Case Control Study
Authors: Ma Shui-Ying , Li Lian-Jie , Zhao Hui , Li Cheng , Zhao Haibin , Li Qing , Xu Kai , Li Mei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Assisted hatching is a widely accepted technique in assisted reproductive technology, however, it’s efficiency remains controversial and lack of data on safety. The aim of this study was to assess whether laser-assisted hatching improves clinical pregnancy results of vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 4143 vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles from October 2014 to December 2015 at a single, university-based hospital. Cases involving blastocysts that survived after warming were divided into the assisted hatching (AH) group (n=1975) and non-AH group (n=2168). In the AH group, laser AH was performed for the warmed blastocysts before transfer. In the non-AH group, the warmed blastocysts were transferred without AH. The primary outcome was live birth rate after survived vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers.Results No significant differences in age, endometrial preparation regimen, number of embryos transferred, or blastocyst developmental stage were found between the two groups (P>0.05). The biochemical pregnancy (67.0% vs. 63.6%; P=0.023; odds ratio [OR], 1.177; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032–1.344), clinical pregnancy (59.2% vs. 56.0%; P=0.041; OR, 1.163; 95% CI, 1.024–1.321), live birth (48.6% vs. 45.4%; P=0.041; OR, 1.160; 95% CI, 1.022–1.316), and implantation (52.1% vs. 49.3%; P=0.039) rates of the AH group were significantly higher than those of the non-AH group. The early miscarriage (17.1% vs. 17.8%; P=0.674), monozygotic twin (1.5% vs. 0.90%; P=0.214), and birth defect (3.1% vs. 3.6%; P=0.571) rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions In vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles, laser AH is associated with high clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. The benefits of AH outweigh its drawbacks, which include prolonged in vitro procedure, thermal damage, and higher workload in the in vitro fertilization laboratory.Trial registration: retrospectively registered
Comparison of the Shaping Ability of ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and TruNatomy in Simulated Double-curved Canals
Authors: Kim HyeWon , Jeon Su-Jin , Seo Min-Seock 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In root canal preparations, it is important to maintain the original canal shape. However, it is difficult to accomplish this, especially due to the complex canal anatomy. This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of the ProTaper GOLD, WaveOne GOLD, and newly developed TruNatomy in simulated S-shaped canals.Materials and methods: The root canals of 60 S-shaped resin blocks were dyed using ink and photographed. The blocks were then randomly divided into three groups: group ProTaper GOLD (n=20), WaveOne GOLD (n=20), and TruNatomy (n=20). The simulated canals were instrumented according to the NiTi file system and photographed again after being dyed with red ink. The pre- and post-preparation images were superimposed, and the amount of resin removed from both the mesial and distal sides of the canal measured up to 9 mm from the apical terminus, with a 1 mm increment. The preparation time was also calculated. A paired t-test was used to determine the degree of deviation at different levels within the groups. To compare the degree of transportation at different levels between the groups, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed according to the normality. Results: TruNatomy showed a significant deviation between the mesial and distal sides of the canal only in the coronal area at 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05). When comparing the amount of transportation in the 3 groups at 9 different levels, TruNatomy showed significantly less canal transportation than the other groups at the 3, 5, and 6 mm levels of the canal (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD showed the largest amount of transportation in the apical curved area at the 2 and 3 mm levels (p < 0.05). TruNatomy removed less resin than other groups in all sections (p < 0.05), while ProTaper GOLD removed slightly more resin than WaveOne GOLD; however, there was no significant difference (p=0.043). Shaping time was the least for TruNatomy, followed by the WaveOne GOLD and ProTaper GOLD (p < 0.05).Conclusions: TruNatomy maintained the original canal curvature in S-shaped curved canals better than ProTaper GOLD and WaveOne GOLD.
Torrefaction of Napier Grass and Oil Palm Petiole Waste Using Drop-type Pyrolysis Reactor
Authors: Saadon Syazmi Zul Arif Hakimi , Osman Noridah , Damodaran Moviin , Liew Shan En 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interest in torrefaction has improved along the recent years and it has been studied extensively as a mean of preparing solid fuels. Biomass to be considered as a renewable source of energy must endeavor improvement continuously and where it is more sustainable going forward in which can come from waste product, wild and cultivated plant. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature and residence time of wild Napier grass and Oil palm petiole from waste. The torrefied samples were derived by pyrolysis reactor mimicking torrefaction procedure. The temperature parameter ranges between 220 and 300 ℃ while residence time parameter is from 10 minutes to 50 minutes of reaction. It was found that as temperature and time increasing, moisture content and amount of O and H atoms decreases as well as both mass and energy yield, but calorific value and the energy density increase along with both two parameters. Between the two parameters, the temperature variation shows more significant changes to the torrefied samples as compared time. The optimized temperature and time are found to be 260 ℃ and 30 minutes, respectively. Remarkably, the usage of pyrolyzer as torrefaction reaction has proved to be a good option since they share similar characteristics while can also produce product with similar properties reflecting torrefaction process.
Development of landslide susceptibility maps of Tripura, India using GIS and analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Nath Nirmalya Kumar , Panigrahi Balram , Raul Sanjay Kumar , Paul Jagadish Ch. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Landslides are one of the most extensive and destructive geological hazards in the globe. Tripura, a north-eastern hilly state of India experiences landslides almost each year during monsoon season causing casualty and huge economic losses. Hence it is required to assess the landslide susceptibility of the area that would support in short and long term planning and mitigation. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) integrated with geospatial technology has been adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping in the state. Eight influencing factors such as slope, lithology, drainage density, rainfall, land use land cover, distance from rivers and roads, and soil type were selected to map the landslide susceptibility. Landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was found to vary from 6.205 during monsoon to 1.427 during post-monsoon season. The LSI values were classified into very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility. Landslide susceptibility maps for three different seasons, namely, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon were prepared. The study showed that most of the areas of the state come under very low to moderate landslide susceptibility zones. Around 73.2% area of the state is found to be under low landslide susceptible zones during the pre-monsoon season, around 62% area is prone to landslides with moderate susceptibility during monsoon season and 68.5% area comes under landslides with low susceptibility zones during the post-monsoon season. The output of this study may be referred by the engineers and planners for the assessment, control and mitigation of landslides and development of basic infrastructure in the state.
The Complex Compound of Amino Acids With Titanium (III) as a Method to Control and Synthesis of Different Structures of TiO2 Nanoparticles; Usage as Photocatalysts to Oxidize Alcohols to Aldehyde
Authors: Absalan Yahya , Shad Nazanin Noroozi , Gholizadeh Mostafa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Different types of the amino acids (Glutamine, Glycine, Alanine) were used to coordinate TiCl3 in order to investigating the best precursor for synthesis of TiO2. Also, a full investigation was carried out to synthesis four different structures of TiO2 nanoparticles [TiO2 (A0.8R0.2), TiO2 (A0.6R0.4), TiO2 (Anatase), and TiO2 (Rutile)]. Oxidation of derivatives alcohol to their corresponding aldehyde through the obtained nanoparticles, as a photocatalyst, under UV light was considered to investigate the best structure of TiO2. Different physical-chemical analyses were applied to investigate the result. The result showed that the titanium dioxide nanoparticle, synthesized from glycine was obtained at the least temperature and was chosen as a precursor to synthesis of four different types of TiO2. All the synthesized TiO2 were applied for oxidation of benzyl alcohols into benzaldehyde, as a test, and TiO2 (A0.6R0.4) could give the best result (87% efficiency). Then it was used to oxidize benzyl alcohol, 4-cholorobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol to their corresponding aldehyde and efficiency were 74, 92, 87, and 65% respectively.
Clinical and Genetic Study of Ataxia With Vitamin E Deficiency
Authors: Zhang Linwei , Zhang Xiangfei , Lv Pu , Peng Dantao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ataxia with Vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a type of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia. The main clinical manifestation involves progressive cerebellar ataxia and movement disorders, α-tocopherol transfer protein(TTPA) gene mutations are responsible for this disease. Methods: A female patient from a consanguineous Chinese family underwent detailed physical and auxiliary examination. After exclusion of acquired causes of ataxia, Friedreich’s Ataxia, and common types of spinocerebellar ataxia, the patient was subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by confirmation of sequence variants using Sanger sequencing. Her asymptomatic parents and younger sister were genotyped for the variant. Results: This patient showed progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and dystonic tremor, her serum vitamin E concentration was remarkably decreased, brain MRI revealed no obvious cerebellum atrophy. Homozygous variant (c.473T>C, p.F158S) of TPPA gene were identified through WES. Bioinformatic analysis predicted F185S would be harmful to the protein function. After supplementation of vitamin E 400mg three times per day for two years, the patient’s symptom remained stabilization.Conclusions We identified an AVED patient caused by novel mutation in TTPA gene. Our findings widen the spectrum of TTPA gene mutations.
Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses According to Environmental Surveillance During 2014-2017, China
Authors: Bo Hong , Zhang Ye , Dong Libo , Dong Jie , Li Xiyan , Zhao Xiang , Li Zi , Shu Yuelong , Wang Dayan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Avian influenza viruses persist in animal hosts and continue to cause human infections in China. It is important to analyse the geographic and seasonal distributions of avian influenza viruses and compare the subtypes and their prevalence among sample sites in environment.MethodsA total of 329,276 environmental samples were collected from locations associated with poultry and wild birds from 2014 to 2017. Viral RNA was extracted from the environmental samples. Real-time PCR assays for influenza A, and the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes were performed on all the samples. Virus isolation was performed on the influenza A-positive samples detected by real-time PCR. Whole-genome sequencing was then performed on an Illumina sequencer.ResultsThe proportions of samples that tested positive for total influenza A and the H5, H9 and H7 subtypes varied among different geographical regions and seasons. Significantly higher proportions of influenza A- and H5-, H9-, and H7-positive samples were collected from live poultry markets and poultry slaughtering locations. Influenza A positivity rates in sewage and chopping board swab samples were higher than those in other sample types. Multiple subtypes related to avian influenza viruses, including 9 HA and 7 NA subtypes, were detected in environmental samples.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that multiple subtypes of avian influenza A viruses continuously coexist in environments associated with poultry and increase the risk of reassortment and transmission, highlighting the need for environmental surveillance in China.
Identification of Methylation Driven Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Colon Cancer by Integrative Analysis of TCGA, GTEx, and GEO Data
Authors: Cao Lichao , Chen Erfei , Yang Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The intention of the present work was to investigate methylation driven biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) by integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Methods and Results: The differentially expression genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were screened using mRNA expression and DNA methylation data from TCGA, respectively. And the methylation driven genes (MDGs) of CRC were further identified using MethylMix R package. Subsequently, the MDGs were underwent Random Forest (RF) analyses to establish diagnosis prediction model using mRNA expression data from TCGA and GTEx, which were then validated by GSE39582 from GEO dataset. In addition, prognostic biomarkers that were used to establish the methylation related risk score model was generated by the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. 9 out of 10 DMGs revealed excellent performance as independent diagnostic predictors, including CLDN1, EPHX4, TCN1, ARHGAP20, LY6G6D, FAM150A, KCNJ12, KRT7 and STK33. Furthermore, STK33 and EPHX4 were found to be associated with Overall survival (OS). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the identified MDGs could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.