bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal experimental research of intralesional bleomycin and pingyangmycin in the treatment of xanthoma
Authors: Lin Xian‐zh , Hu Hao , Zhao Xu , Qian Yu‐x , Wang Hui , Jiang Hua , Zhu Lie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundXanthelasma palpebrarum is a type of human xanthoma that occurs on the skin of human eyelids and is a benign skin lesion. Pingyangmycin (also known as bleomycin A5) is one of the 13 components of bleomycin. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin and pingyangmycin in the treatment of xanthoma based on histopathological observations in animal experimental research.MethodsAn animal model of xanthoma was established by feeding rabbits with a high‐cholesterol diet. Pingyangmycin and bleomycin interfered with the skin xanthoma of the animal model. Skin tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin and oil red O to evaluate the effect of the intervention.ResultsA xanthoma animal model was established. Pingyangmycin and bleomycin could reduce the abnormal lipid deposition in the lesion area of the skin xanthoma of the animal, via a local injection. In addition, pingyangmycin was more effective than bleomycin in eliminating lipid deposition in rabbit skin xanthoma.
Frailty measurements in hospitalised orthopaedic populations age 65 and older: A scoping review
Authors: Roopsawang Inthira , Zaslavsky Oleg , Thompson Hilaire , Aree‐Ue Suparb , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Belza Basia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo identify and compare frailty instruments used with hospitalised orthopaedic patients aged over 65.BackgroundFrailty predicts clinical events in orthopaedic patients aged over 65. However, the strengths and limitations of different approaches to measuring frailty in this population are rarely discussed. As such, a comprehensive review to address the gap is needed.DesignScoping review using Arksey and O’Malley framework.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies published from 2006 to 2020 regarding frailty instruments in older orthopaedic patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses were followed.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 1,471 articles. After review against inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final set of 31 articles containing 15 unique frailty instruments were evaluated. Most of the articles were from Western countries. Fried's phenotype and Frailty Index were commonly used. The frailty index was mostly modified to measure frailty. In hip fracture, physical function items were frequently modified in the measurement of frailty. Trained physicians and nurses administered most frailty instruments. Frailty screening was commonly conducted at hospital admission and used to prognosticate both postoperative complications and hospital outcomes. Most instruments could be completed within 10 min. Reported psychometrics had acceptable reliability and validity.ConclusionMany reliable frailty measures have been used in the inpatient orthopaedic settings; however, evidence is still lacking for a gold standard frailty instrument. More research is needed to identify the best‐performing measure. Frailty evaluation in patients with physical limitations is challenging with existing instruments. Clinical context, resources required and instrument quality are essential factors in selecting a frailty instrument.Relevance to clinical practiceMusculoskeletal symptoms in older patients may bias frailty assessment. Proactive frailty screening with valid and practical instruments is vital to strengthen preoperative risk stratification and improve post‐surgical outcomes.
Advances in immune therapies in hematological malignancies
Authors: Mazzarella Luca , Enblad Gunilla , Olweus Johanna , Malmberg Karl‐Johan , Jerkeman Mats 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy in cancer takes advantage of the exquisite specificity, potency, and flexibility of the immune system to eliminate alien tumor cells. It involves strategies to activate the entire immune defense, by unlocking mechanisms developed by tumor cells to escape from surrounding immune cells, as well as engineered antibody and cellular therapies. What is important to note is that these are therapeutics with curative potential.The earliest example of immune therapy is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, introduced in 1957, which is still an important modality in hematology, most notably in myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss developmental trends of immunotherapy in hematological malignancies, focusing on some of the strategies that we believe will have the most impact on future clinical practice in this field. In particular, we delineate novel developments for therapies that have already been introduced into the clinic, such as immune checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapies. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging strategies based on T‐cell receptors and adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer cells.
Using check‐all‐that‐apply to evaluate wine and food pairings: An investigation with white wines
Authors: Moss Rachael , Barker Sophie , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowing consumer interest in food and wine pairing leads to a need for more studies to be conducted evaluating consumers' perception of food pairings. Many studies have used trained panelists to evaluate food and wine pairings; however, this study sought to determine how consumers evaluate food and wine pairings using the check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) method. The participants (n = 112) were asked to evaluate five white wines for their liking of the wine, their sensory perception of the wines and identify which food items they would pair with the wine using a CATA question. The participants separated the wines based on their sweetness and dryness, as well as their acidity. The participants liked sweet, citrus, fruity and floral white wines, and disliked earthy and sour attributes. When the participants paired the wine with hard cheeses and chocolate their liking increased; however, when the wines were paired with French fries, steak, and lemon pie, it detracted from their liking. Future research should ask participants to explain their pairing choices using open‐ended comment questions.Practical ApplicationsVery few studies have explored consumers' food and wine pairing preferences. This study identified which food consumers pair with different white wines and how food items can positively or negatively impact consumers' liking of the wine. The results of this study are important to those working in the food and wine service industry. The findings of this study contribute to the gap in knowledge of consumers' preferred food pairings and investigate the use of a check‐all‐that‐apply question to evaluate food and wine pairings. Future research should ask consumers to explain their food pairings, as well as evaluate how wine knowledge and familiarity with wine impact their pairing decisions.
Resistance of genotypes and defence compounds against bacterial halo blight of coffee
Authors: Martins Stéfanny Araújo , de Resende Mário Lúcio Vilela , Monteiro Ana Cristina Andrade , Santiago Wilder Douglas , Vasconcelos Victor Augusto Maia , Reichel Tharyn , Pereira Matheus Henrique Brito , dos Santos Botelho Deila Magna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBacterial halo blight of coffee (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, is one of the main coffee diseases and is economically important mainly in regions of higher altitudes and mild temperatures. The use of resistant cultivars in the management of diseases is the most efficient and least costly technology for producers. The Coffee Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais State has genotypes with great genetic variability, some of which are sources of resistance to several diseases and pests. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of 34 genotypes from the Coffee Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais State and five cultivars with resistance to BHB. We evaluated the expression of three plant defence genes (phenylalanine ammonia liase‐PAL, peroxidase‐POX, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase‐CAD) and quantified the content of total soluble phenolic compounds, lignin, caffeine, trigonelline, and chlorogenic acid in coffee leaves showing different levels of resistance to BHB. The cultivar IPR 102 (resistant control to BHB), the Catimor UFV 7158, Caturra Vermelho × CIFC H 79/1 UFV 339‐34, Catiguá MG2, Volutifolia Vermelho, Caturra Vermelho, Híbrido de Timor UFV 432‐02, Caturra Vermelho × CIFC H 288/14 UFV 319‐04, and Caturra Vermelho × CIFC H 79/1 UFV 339‐02 genotypes showed low disease severity. The UFV 7158 genotype showed higher PAL and POX expression levels than Mundo Novo 376/4 cultivar. The IPR 102 cultivar and UFV 7158 genotype showed high chlorogenic acid content and low caffeine and trigonelline contents.
Immune‐metabolic‐inflammatory markers in Holstein cows exposed to a nutritional and environmental stressing challenge
Authors: Cavallini Damiano , Mammi Ludovica Maria Eugenia , Buonaiuto Giovanni , Palmonari Alberto , Valle Emanuela , Formigoni Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDairy cows are exposed to multiple stressors during the productive cycle, such as metabolic challenges, overcrowding, grouping change, environmental stress and dietary errors. Thus, it is essential to study reliable markers able to detect stress conditions in dairy farms. This study evaluates dairy cows' immunologic and metabolic markers after the sudden and combined exposition to a high‐grain diet (75% concentrates) and the abrupt change of the housing system (from free stall to tie stall). A group of twenty‐four Holstein cows were enrolled in a challenge study of 28 days duration. Several immunological and metabolic blood markers were evaluated over the trial. Blood samples were taken at day 0 (normal value) and day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 (challenge). Data were submitted to a mixed model for repeated measures, including time as fixed and cows as random effects. The nutritional and environmental challenge had heavy effects on animal welfare and cows responded with a dramatic rumination drop. Our results suggest that the most responsive markers after abiotic stressors in cows were as follows: Serum Amyloid A and ROM in the acute response; Ceruloplasmin and GGT in the mid acute and Albumin, Paroxonase and FRAP in the chronic phase. Serum Amyloid A, Ceruloplasmin, Paraoxonase, GGT and ROM resulted as positive phase proteins, while, Albumin and FRAP resulted as negative phase proteins. Preliminary obtained results could concur to develop strategies able to mitigate stressor effects; moreover, the proposed design can be used as a model to test stress nutritional modulators.
Bilateral thyroid adenomas in an alpaca
Authors: Burbery Kate , Simon Olivier , Woolford Lucy , Ferlini Agne Gustavo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old neutered male alpaca (Vicugna pacos) was presented for evaluation of a 3‐year history of large, bilateral, firm ventral cervical masses causing esophageal and tracheal impingement. Ultrasound examination, radiographic evaluation, histopathological findings, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the masses to be bilateral thyroid adenomas. Conservative medical treatment by unilateral chemical ablation, using 10% formalin by aspiration technique, was performed on the left mass. Chemical ablation proved to be effective in decreasing the size of the mass, with no apparent adverse effects. To our knowledge, this case is the first known report of bilateral thyroid adenomas in an alpaca, a condition previously described in humans, horses, dogs, and cats.
Virtue epistemology and the Gettier dilemma
Authors: Church Ian M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Gettier dilemma facing reductive analyses of knowledge has not been properly appreciated by virtue epistemologists or even virtue epistemology’s most vocal critics. This paper starts by considering how recent critics of virtue epistemology understand the Gettier problem facing virtue‐theoretic accounts of knowledge. The paper highlights how the dilemma facing virtue‐theoretic analyses of knowledge is more general than these critics seem to suggest. It then elucidates the worry that the threat facing virtue epistemology is really a dilemma between Gettier counterexamples and radical skepticism. Finally, the paper considers how some recent virtue epistemologists have tried to viably defuse the Gettier problem. It shows (i) just how the critiques it elucidates have (mis)shaped the dialectic between virtue epistemology and what is required in solving Gettier counterexamples and (ii) how this has led to virtue epistemologists underestimating the widespread insidiousness of Gettier counterexamples.
RIR1 represses plant immunity by interacting with mitochondrial complex I subunit in rice
Authors: An Lin , Zhang Siyuan , Guo Ping , Song Liyang , Xie Chuanmiao , Guo Hongyan , Fang Rongxiang , Jia Yantao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe previously observed decreased expression of rice OsmiR159a.1 on infection with the bacterial blight‐causing pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and identified the OsLRR_RLK (leucine‐rich repeat_ receptor like kinase) gene as an authentic target of OsmiR159a.1. Here, we found that a Tos17 insertion mutant of LRR_RLK displayed increasing temporal resistance to Xoo, whereas the LRR_RLK overexpression lines were susceptible to the pathogen early on in the infection, indicating that LRR_RLK encodes a repressor of rice resistance to Xoo infection, and it was renamed as RIR1 (Rice Immunity Repressor 1). RIR1 overexpression plants were more susceptible to Xoo at late growth stage, suggesting that RIR1 mRNA levels are negatively correlated with the resistance of rice against Xoo. We discovered that OsmiR159a.1 repression in Xoo‐infected plants was largely dependent on the pathogen's type III secretion system. Co‐immunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluoresence complementation, and pull‐down assays indicated that RIR1 interacted with the NADH‐ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NUO) 51‐kDa subunit of the mitochondrial complex I through its kinase domain. Notably, impairment of RIR1 or overexpression of NUO resulted in reactive oxygen species accumulation and enhanced expression of pathogen‐resistance genes, including jasmonic acid pathway genes. We propose that pathogens may inhibit OsmiR159 to interfere with the RIR1–NUO interaction, and subsequently depression of rice immune signalling pathways. The resistance genes manipulated by Xoo can be a probe to explore the regulatory network during host–pathogen interactions.
Association between estimated GFR and incident hypoglycaemia during hospitalization
Authors: Khanimov Israel , Zingerman Boris , Korzetz Asher , Boaz Mona , Shimonov Mordechai , Wainstein Julio , Leibovitz Eyal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundKidney function is a significant factor associated with increased incidence of hypoglycaemia, especially among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We here quantified the association between elevated creatinine and incident hypoglycaemia among patients admitted to internal medicine departments, with and without DM.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis study. Included were all patients discharged from internal medicine units between 2010 and 2013. Patients were excluded if creatinine levels rose or dropped more than 0.3 mg/dL during hospitalization. The CKD‐EPI equation was used to calculate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Logistic regression analysis (backward LR method) was used to study the association between eGFR and hypoglycaemia incidence.ResultsIncluded were 39 316 patients (mean age 68.0 ± 18.0 years, 49.3% males, 25.9% with DM, eGFR 69.5 ± 24.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). Among study participants, 6.5% had at least one hypoglycaemic event. Logistic regression modelling showed that eGFR was inversely associated with incident hypoglycaemia (OR 0.988, 95% CI 0.986–0.990, p < .001). Results were similar for patients with and without DM. Estimated GFR was negatively correlated with admission CRP levels for patients with (r = −.143, p < .001) and without DM (r = −.166, p < .001). Estimated GFR was also positively correlated with admission serum albumin levels for both patients with (r = .304, p < .001) and without DM (r = .354, p < .001).ConclusionAmong non‐critically‐ill patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments, reduced eGFR is associated with increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Glucose monitoring for all inpatients with CKD is suggested, regardless of DM status.
Perennial, but not annual legumes synergistically benefit from infection with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Primieri Silmar , Magnoli Susan M. , Koffel Thomas , Stürmer Sidney L. , Bever James D. 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Many plant species simultaneously interact with multiple symbionts, which can, but do not always, generate synergistic benefits for their host. We ask if plant life history (i.e. annual vs perennial) can play an important role in the outcomes of the tripartite symbiosis of legumes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and rhizobia.

We performed a meta‐analysis of 88 studies examining outcomes of legume–AMF–rhizobia interactions on plant and microbial growth.

Perennial legumes associating with AMF and rhizobia grew larger than expected based on their response to either symbiont alone (i.e. their response to co‐inoculation was synergistic). By contrast, annual legume growth with co‐inoculation did not differ from additive expectations. AMF and rhizobia differentially increased phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) tissue concentration. Rhizobium nodulation increased with mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, but mycorrhizal fungi colonization did not increase with rhizobium inoculation. Microbial responses to co‐infection were significantly correlated with synergisms in plant growth.

Our work supports a balanced plant stoichiometry mechanism for synergistic benefits. We find that synergisms are in part driven by reinvestment in complementary symbionts, and that time‐lags in realizing benefits of reinvestment may limit synergisms in annuals. Optimization of microbiome composition to maximize synergisms may be critical to productivity, particularly for perennial legumes.
Plasma membrane‐localized plant immune receptor targets H+‐ATPase for membrane depolarization to regulate cell death
Authors: Lee Hye‐Young , Seo Ye‐Eun , Lee Joo Hyun , Lee So Eui , Oh Soohyun , Kim Jihyun , Jung Seungmee , Kim Haeun , Park Hyojeong , Kim Sejun , Mang Hyunggon , Choi Doil 
Published: October 2021

Summary

The hypersensitive response (HR) is a robust immune response mediated by nucleotide‐binding, leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs). However, the early molecular event that links activated NLRs to cell death is unclear.

Here, we demonstrate that NLRs target plasma membrane H+‐ATPases (PMAs) that generate electrochemical potential, an essential component of living cells, across the plasma membrane. CCA309, an autoactive N‐terminal domain of a coiled‐coil NLR (CNL) in pepper, is associated with PMAs. Silencing or overexpression of PMAs reversibly affects cell death induced by CCA309 in Nicotiana benthamiana.

CCA309‐induced extracellular alkalization causes plasma membrane depolarization, followed by cell death. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses suggest that CCA309 inhibits PMA activation by preoccupying the dephosphorylated penultimate threonine residue of PMA. Moreover, pharmacological experiments using fusicoccin, an irreversible PMA activator, showed that inhibition of PMAs contributes to CNL‐type (but not Toll interleukin‐1 receptor NLR‐type) resistance protein‐induced cell death.

We suggest PMAs as primary targets of plasma membrane‐associated CNLs leading to HR‐associated cell death by disturbing the electrochemical gradient across the membrane. These results provide new insight into NLR‐mediated cell death in plants, as well as innate immunity in higher eukaryotes.
Discontinuation and remission rates and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia receiving second‐generation antipsychotics: 52‐week evaluation of JUMPs, a randomized, open‐label study
Authors: Ishigooka Jun , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Ohmori Tetsuro , Iwata Nakao , Inada Ken , Iga Jun‐ichi , Kishi Taro , Fujita Kiyoshi , Kikuchi Yuka , Shichijo Toshiaki , Tabuse Hideaki , Koretsune Shotatsu , Terada Hiroshi , Terada Haruko , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Tsutsumi Yuichiro , Kanda Yoshiki , Ohi Kazutaka , Sekiyama Kanji 
Published: October 2021

AimGlobally, evidence from short‐term studies is insufficient for the guidelines to uniformly recommend a particular antipsychotic(s) for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, long‐term comprehensive evaluation of antipsychotics is required from a social rehabilitation perspective, especially for drugs that have not yet been studied. The Japan Useful Medication Program for Schizophrenia (JUMPs) is a large‐scale, long‐term naturalistic study to present pivotal 52‐week data on the continuity of second‐generation antipsychotics (SGA: aripiprazole, blonanserin, and paliperidone).MethodsJUMPs was an open‐label, three‐arm, randomized, parallel‐group, 52‐week study. Enrolled patients had schizophrenia, were ≥20 years old, and required antipsychotic treatment or switched from previous therapy. The primary endpoint was treatment discontinuation rate over 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included remission rate, social functioning, and quality‐of‐life scores [Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) and EuroQol‐5 dimensions], and safety.ResultsIn total, 251 patients received aripiprazole (n = 82), blonanserin (n = 85), or paliperidone (n = 84). The discontinuation rate (P = 0.9771) and remission rates (P > 0.05) over 52 weeks did not differ significantly between the three treatment groups. The discontinuation rates were 68.3%, 68.2%, and 65.5% in the aripiprazole, blonanserin, and paliperidone groups, respectively. Significant improvements (all P < 0.05) from baseline in PSP scores were observed at start of monotherapy, week 26, and week 52 in the overall cohort and blonanserin group and at week 26 in the aripiprazole group. The adverse event profile favored blonanserin.ConclusionAll three SGAs evaluated in this study showed similar treatment discontinuation rates in patients with chronic schizophrenia in Japan.
Sense of coherence and dental fear/dental anxiety: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Thaynara Nascimento , dos Santos Igor Bustamante Ferreira , Souza Gabriela Luiza Nunes , Alvarenga Renata Negreiros , Paiva Saul Martins , Hidalgo‐Martinez Patricia , Otero Liliana , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the association between sense of coherence (SOC) and dental fear/dental anxiety.MethodsComputerized searches were performed in six databases. Gray literature and manual searches were also conducted. Study selection, risk of bias assessment, and meta‐analyses were performed. The results of meta‐analyses were reported in odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and confidence interval (CI).ResultsAfter removing duplicates, 131 references were retrieved and the full texts of 12 were evaluated. Nine references met the eligibility criteria and were included. The results of meta‐analyses demonstrated that individuals with a weaker SOC had a score in the dental anxiety/dental fear scale 6.04 times higher than individuals with a stronger SOC (OR = 6.04, CI = 2.62–13.91). Individuals with no dental anxiety/dental fear had a mean score of the SOC scale higher than individuals with dental anxiety/dental fear (MD = 5.39, CI = 2.21–8.56). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the result of a higher mean score of the SOC scale among individuals with no dental anxiety/dental fear remained (MD = 7.38, CI = 3.79–10.98). Risk of bias ranged from low to high. The certainty of evidence was very low.ConclusionIndividuals with stronger SOC have lower levels of dental fear/dental anxiety.