bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demodulation of a polarization‐maintaining photonic crystal fiber load sensor with high resolution using a microwave photonic filter
Authors: Song Zixuan , Wang Yiping , Cheng Yunjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new demodulation technique for polarization‐maintaining photonic crystal fiber pressure sensor with high resolution based on a simple photonic microwave filter has been proposed and demonstrated. Unlike the conventional methods that use optical interferometry and optical spectrum analysis, the proposed method adopts microwave photonics technique. The relationship between load and the notch frequency of the filter is studied. By measuring the notch frequency of the filter, the pressure can be determined and the sensing sensitivity is greatly increased. The sensitivity is as high as 15.625 MHz/N which satisfied well with the theoretical simulation.
Investigating Human Perception of Head‐Up Display Ghosting
Authors: Pankratz Steve , Diepholz William , VanDerlofske John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnlike wedge windshield technology that mitigates HUD image ghosting by reducing the ghost disparity angle, P‐pol combiner film windshields improve image quality by reducing the relative ghost luminance (RGL). Initial survey data indicate that this approach produces mostly imperceptible ghosting and high‐quality, legible images, and confirms that the RGL metric must be included along with the disparity angle when evaluating HUD ghosting.
Characterization of Spawning Behavior in Cultured Delta Smelt
Authors: Tsai Yi-Jiun Jean , Chase Samantha , Carson Evan W. , Zweig Leanna , Hung Tien-Chieh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We examined cultured Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus under laboratory settings to provide the first formal characterization of spawning behavior, which included the quantification of participants and diel spawning patterns. We video recorded behavioral observation trials in which four mature males and four ripe females interacted freely for 9–11 d. We found that three behaviors were consistently associated with egg release: (1) two or more fish swam in close proximity to one another just above the substrate or tank floor, (2) fish swam together synchronously during fast, forward-swimming movements (bouts) while in tandem and in close proximity to one another, and (3) female(s) released eggs and male(s) presumably released milt during one or more bouts. We also found that two to five fish participated in any given spawn and that spawning occurred at night. Furthermore, spawns were observed across three consecutive nights within a trial and up to 17 times within one night, indicating that individuals spawned serially within and across nights within a single clutch cycle. This study enhances our understanding of the Delta Smelt mating system and informs ongoing conservation efforts.
Dietary Pure Polyhydroxyalkanoate Effects on Growth, Nutrient Utilization, Apparent Digestibility, and Hematology in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Rodriguez-Estrada Uriel , Tachibana Leonardo , Carla Dias Danielle , Ben-Hamed Said , Sampaio-Goncalves Giovani , Rosa Sussel Fabio , Ranzani-Paiva Maria Jose 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the past decade, different groups of additives (probiotics, oligosaccharides, and plant extracts) have been widely researched and used in worldwide aquaculture. Recently, other groups, such as biopolymers (e.g., poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) with prebiotic properties, have been investigated. Among biopolymers, the use of pure polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA; composition = 95–100%) as a feed additive in aquaculture has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to research the effects of four supplementation levels of pure PHA on growth, survival, feed and nutrient utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), and hematology of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were designed, including a control (C) diet without PHA supplementation. Remaining diets were supplemented with the following levels of PHA: PHA 0.1% (basal diet + 0.1% PHA), PHA 0.5% (basal diet + 0.5% PHA), PHA 1.0% (basal diet + 1.0% PHA), and PHA 2.0% (basal diet + 2.0% PHA). After a 70-d feeding test period, the PHA 0.5% and PHA 1.0% experimental groups showed significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, lipid efficiency and productive value, and ADCs of lipid and energy compared to those of the C group. Protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher in fish fed the PHA 0.1%, PHA 0.5%, and PHA 1.0% diets compared to the C group. Protein productive value significantly increased in the PHA 1.0% group. The ADC of protein was significantly higher in fish fed diets supplemented with any level of PHA compared to C fish. Regarding hematological parameters, hematocrit value showed a significant increase in fish fed PHA 0.1% compared to the C group. Leukocyte composition (%) did not show significant differences among experimental groups. Based on polynomial regression analysis, the optimum inclusion levels of PHA in Nile Tilapia diets were 0.82–0.92% for growth performance, 1.0–1.1% for nutrient utilization, 1.0–1.2% for ADCs, and 1.34% for hematocrit. Cost–benefit ratio analysis revealed nonsignificant but numerical differences among experimental diets. Results suggest that pure PHA, when supplemented at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0%, has certain positive effects on growth, nutrient and feed utilization, and ADCs without compromising Nile Tilapia hematology or health.
Effects of Feeding Regimens on the Proximate Composition and Condition Indices of Juvenile Koi Cyprinus carpio Used as Forage
Authors: Patterson Donovan , Gatlin Delbert , Prangnell David , Ray Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two comparative feeding trials examined the effects different feed regimens had on body condition indices, whole-body proximate composition, and energy density of koi, a variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio, used as forage by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's hatchery program for piscivorous broodfish. Prior research indicated that feeding koi a high-energy/protein diet for 2 weeks, then transitioning to a low-energy/protein diet for the remainder of the production period was most cost effective without sacrificing biomass. However, previous analyses did not consider the nutritional content and energy density of the forage produced. Eight-week trials were conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and at a production scale in plastic-lined hatchery ponds to evaluate the effect of feeding regimens on the quality of forage produced (i.e., nutrient composition and total biomass) while measuring production costs. The RAS trial indicated that feeding regimen could significantly increase the nutrient composition, energy density, and production biomass of koi forage, particularly by transitioning from high-energy/protein feed to a feed that compromises cost and energy/protein density. Koi in ponds grew to an appropriate size for use as broodfish forage under all feed regimens tested. Nutrient composition of fish did not differ significantly in the pond trial, indicating that natural productivity might compensate for some nutrient shortfalls of a feeding regimen. However, energy density of the forage was highest when fed high-energy/protein feed. Cost of production was significantly higher when only feeding high-energy/protein feed. However, this extra expense may be worthwhile in certain situations given the positive effects of more nutritious forage fish and higher gross forage production.
Antioxidant, and enhanced flexible nano porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sohail , Li Jinhua , Ahmed Iftikhar , Ghazanfar Uzma , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Idrees Muhammad , Haq Zeenat , Rizwan Muhammad , Sheikh Farzeen , Yasmeen Farhat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional bioactive, antioxidant, and porous nanocomposite scaffolds are inevitable to avoid dependency and disability in the life cycle. Herein, we develop a facile fabrication protocol of nano porous zinc doped hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAp) scaffold enhanced by polysaccharide polymeric structure for bone tissue engineering applications. The bioactive nano scaffold exhibit opens porous assembly that sustains its flexible and robust nature and promotes efficient linking capability. Moreover, nano scaffold geometry and its porosity were controlled efficiently in various concentrations of zinc doped hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAp) nanoparticles. Indeed, the composite scaffolds are retained in a dry shape with a suitable load‐bearing strength adjacent to the cancellous bone. The presence of zinc doped hydroxyapatite in the polymeric matrix of nano scaffold regulates its antibacterial response against different bacterial strains owing to its oxidative stress nature. The antioxidant and biocompatibility of nano‐scaffolds were investigated by DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) scavenging behavior, the scavenging activity of ABTS (2,2‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐ 6‐sulphonic acid) radical, and iron‐chelating potential. The observed results reveal that polysaccharide‐dependent porous geometry possesses adequate biocompatibility, radical scavenging behavior, and excellent antibacterial properties that validate it as a suitable candidate material for bone tissue implantation. The unprecedented radical scavenging and antioxidant bioactive nanocomposite scaffold are all set to reshape the future bone tissue implantation.
Flexible CdS/CdSe quantum dots sensitized solar cells with high performance and durability
Authors: Ma Fei , Deng Yunlong , Ni Xia , Hou Juan , Liu Guohan , Peng Shanglong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe research work aimed to explore a serial of facile methods to obtain low‐cost, flexible, and high‐performance CdS/CdSe QDSSCs. The flexible photoanode was prepared on the ITO/PEN substrate by blade coating. In order to improve the bonding performance between different layers of photovoltaic devices, the introduction of additives in the precursor slurry and the rapid annealing after blade coating were adopted. The flexible CdS/CdSe QDSSCs deliver energy conversion efficiency over 3%. When the tert‐butanol additive was introduced, the conversion efficiency of the flexible device was as high as 3.49%. Meanwhile, flexible devices also showed excellent bending stability. When hydrochloric acid additives were introduced, the energy conversion efficiency retention rate of flexible CdS/CdSe QDSSCs was 72.7%, which showed great application potential.
Body composition in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kishi Taro , Okuya Makoto , Sakuma Kenji , Otaka Yohei , Saitoh Eiichi , Iwata Nakao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate body composition in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess the body composition in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. InBody470 was used to measure the body composition of the participants. For the primary analysis, measures of body composition between patients and healthy controls were compared. Moreover, the following patient subgroups were also compared with the healthy controls: (a) patients with psychotic disorders only, (b) patients with mood disorders only, (c) patients receiving antipsychotics, (d) patients receiving conventional mood stabilizers, (e) patients receiving antidepressants only but not any antipsychotics and/or mood stabilizers, and (f) patients receiving hypnotics/anxiolytics.ResultsThis study included 205 individuals (105 patients and 100 healthy controls). It was found that patients had a significantly higher body mass index, waist‐hip ratio, body fat mass, and percent body fat compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, significant differences were noted in the waist‐hip ratio, body fat mass, and percent body fat between all patient subgroups other than patients receiving conventional mood stabilizers subgroup and healthy controls.ConclusionThis is the first cross‐sectional study to examine body composition in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders. No difference in the skeletal muscle volume was noted although patients had higher body fat than healthy controls. A longitudinal and large cohort study in the future, controlling for medication and diagnosis, will need to determine why body fat is increased in Japanese patients with psychiatric disorders.
Macrophage–stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives
Authors: Vasse Gwenda F , Nizamoglu Mehmet , Heijink Irene H , Schlepütz Marco , van Rijn Patrick , Thomas Matthew J , Burgess Janette K , Melgert Barbro N 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post‐translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment – the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under‐investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage–stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chemoreduction with topotecan and vincristine: Quantifying tumor response in bilateral retinoblastoma patients
Authors: King Benjamin A. , Sahr Natasha , Sykes April , Wilson Matthew W. , Brennan Rachel C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluate the efficacy of two courses of vincristine and topotecan (VT) neoadjuvant intravenous chemotherapy in reducing retinoblastoma tumor volumes.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with previously untreated, bilateral advanced retinoblastoma who were enrolled on a prospective treatment protocol (NCT00186888). Patients underwent high‐resolution ophthalmic imaging at diagnosis and were reimaged following treatment with two cycles of VT. Tumor height and diameter were measured before and after treatment, and tumor volumes were calculated. Statistical methods for dependent samples were used.ResultsImaging was completed for 75 tumors in 23 patients (43 eyes). After two cycles of VT, median decrease in tumor height was 47% and median decrease in tumor diameter was 22%. Median decrease in estimated tumor volume was 74%. Sixty‐one of 75 tumors demonstrated >50% reduction in tumor volume. Distance from the optic nerve (=0 vs >0), age (<4 vs >4 months), macular location (within vs outside), and time (pre‐ and posttreatment) were found significantly associated with log‐transformed tumor volume adjusting for the repeated effect of patient eye using generalized estimating equations to estimate the parameters of a generalized linear model (P < .0001 [: 1.95, CI: 1.53‐2.36], P = .0031 [: 1.49, CI: 0.57‐2.41], P < .0001 [: .94, CI: 0.54‐1.35], and P < .0001 [: 1.43, CI: 1.15‐1.71]).ConclusionChemoreduction was achieved in all patients and most retinoblastoma tumors following two cycles of VT. Reduction in tumor dimensions was comparable to that reported with platinum‐based chemotherapy. Tumor location, distance from the optic nerve, and age at diagnosis were significant predictors of treatment response.
Mandibular metastases in neuroblastoma: Outcomes and dental sequelae
Authors: Singh Annu , Modak Shakeel , Solano Armand K. , Kushner Brian H. , Wolden Suzanne , Huryn Joseph , Estilo Cherry L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough metastatic involvement of bony sites including cranial bones is common in neuroblastoma (NB), mandibular metastases (MM) are uncommon, and specific outcomes have not been reported upon in the modern therapeutic era.MethodsIn this retrospective study, medical records on patients with MM from NB were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsOf 29 patients, nine (31%) had MM at diagnosis, whereas in 20 (69%) MM were first detected at NB relapse at a median time of 26 (6‐89) months from diagnosis. Median maximal diameter of lesions was 3 (range 0.8‐4.9) cm. MM were unilateral in 83% of patients, with ascending ramus (55%) and mandibular body (38%) being the two most common sites. All patients received systemic chemotherapy, and 26 (93%) patients received radiotherapy to MM. At a median follow‐up of 37.3 (24.2‐219.5) months, eight of nine patients with MM at diagnosis did not experience mandibular progressive disease. Eighteen of 20 patients with MM at relapse received therapeutic radiotherapy; objective responses were noted in 78%. Seventy‐two percent (5/18) had not experienced relapse within the radiation field at a median of 12 (2‐276) months postradiotherapy. Dental findings at follow‐up after completion of NB therapy included hypodontia, hypocalcification of enamel, and trismus. Median 3‐year overall survival in patients with relapsed MM was 51 ± 12% months from relapse.ConclusionMM when detected at diagnosis is associated with a prognosis similar to that for other skeletal metastases of NB. Radiotherapy is effective for control of MM detected both at diagnosis and relapse. Significant dental abnormalities posttherapy warrant regular dental evaluations and appropriate intervention.
A systematic review of the What Works Clearinghouse's behavioral intervention evidence: Does it relate to Black children
Authors: Graves Scott L. , Phillips Shanye , Jones Mark , Johnson Kyanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) is a source that is used to report the empirical evidence for interventions. The purpose of this review was to understand the presence of Black children in research that has been classified as Meeting the Standards With and Without Reservations by the WWC. Results indicated that 16 interventions met the WWC standards with specific outcomes focusing on positive behavioral skills, social outcomes, change in values and attitudes, and school engagement. These interventions resulted in 22 peer‐reviewed articles that were based on a group design, with 26 publications utilizing single‐case methodology. From a methodological standpoint, none of the articles in this review analyzed results separately by race. Relatedly none of the reviewed interventions that meet standards or meet standards without reservations were culturally modified which has proven to be more beneficial than standard practice. Furthermore, the articles based on the interventions did not address specific causes of disparate behavioral outcomes in schools (e.g., perceived disrespect, defiance, insubordination, and disobedience) identified in the research base. Implications are discussed in terms of the validity of WWC studies as they relate to Black children.
BMP‐6 Loaded Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Inducing Osteogenic Differentiation and Apoptosis of Malignant Plasma Cells for Local Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Grab Anna Luise , Hose Dirk , Horn Patrick , Cavalcanti‐Adam Elisabetta Ada , Seckinger Anja , Müller Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the malignant plasma cell disease multiple myeloma (MM), bone lesions and resulting fractures caused by MM cell (MMC) accumulation represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advantages in systemic treatment, residual MMCs remain, especially in bone lesions. Therefore an interfacial delivery system for local treatment of MM and induced bone disease based on polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PEC NP) loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP‐6) inducing de‐novo bone formation and MMC apoptosis is presented herein. BMP‐6 loaded PEC NP are fabricated by defined mixing bio‐related cationic and anionic polysaccharides and BMP‐6 according to molar ratio of BMP‐6/PEC‐NP of 1/3. BMP‐6/PEC NP bound to a model substrate releases 10% BMP‐6 sustainably within two weeks as accessed by infrared spectroscopy. BMP‐6 loaded PEC NP adheres to cell membranes of MMCs and MSCs and activated phosphorylation of Smad 1/5. Osteogenic differentiation (ALP‐concentration) is enhanced in MSCs (p < 0.05). All patient samples (10/10) of MMCs show significant induction of apoptosis (median 84%, p < 0.05). Finally, BMP‐6/PEC NP are successfully integrated in a commercial hyaluronic acid based hydrogel material revealing MMC death as principal proof for the local treatment of MM induced bone lesions.
Liquid jet fire: The impact of rainout on the predicted hazard
Authors: Zhao Jin , Rowley Jef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough jet fires may pose a major hazard in the chemical processing industry, they are typically modeled with semi‐empirical models that were developed based on experimental results of natural gas. In most semi‐empirical models, it is typically assumed that all liquid is instantly vaporized upon discharge and combusted fully in the jet. In reality, depending on discharge fuel momentum, elevation, temperature, and liquid fuel properties, a significant percentage of liquid fuel may fall to the ground and burn as a pool rather than contribute to the jet fire. As a result, such a model may predict overly conservative results when used to model liquid spray jet fires. In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model previously proved to be able to predict a subcooled liquid jet fire flame shape, length, rain out condition, and thermal radiation level was used to investigate how some key factors affect the percentage of liquid fuel that could combust in jet fire. Results were used to adjust semi‐empirical jet fire models to take account of rainout effect. Examples are given for rainout jet fire cases predicted with this revised semi‐empirical model.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Shi Kaiyun , Wen Jianxia , Zeng Jinhao , Guo Yaoguang , Hu Jike , Li Cong , Zhao Yanling , Ma Xiao 
Published: January 2021

The cover image is based on the Review Preclinical evidence of Yinchenhao decoction on cholestasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies by Kaiyun Shi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6806.
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A behavior‐driven reliability modeling method for complex smart systems
Authors: Xing Liudong , Zhao Guilin , Xiang Yisha , Liu Qisi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith recent advancements in Internet technologies and wireless communications, wireless sensor network (WSN)‐based smart systems are gaining an enormous increase in use in various applications (eg, healthcare, smart home, smart manufacturing, smart power grids, and smart transportation). Due to the mission‐critical or safety‐critical nature of smart system applications, it is imperative that a smart system be reliable during its mission time. However, reliability analysis and design of smart systems are still open challenging research problems due to complicated dependencies existing in the WSN domain or the physical domain monitored by the WSN, and due to dependencies crossing the two domains. This paper proposes a new behavior‐driven reliability modeling methodology for accurate and efficient reliability analysis of complex WSN‐based smart systems, contributing toward their robust designs and operations. The suggested method can address effects of dependent behaviors affecting different domains of the smart system in a combinatorial manner. It also enables the use of efficient single‐domain reliability methods to retain their efficiency. A case study of a smart home system is performed to demonstrate the application of the proposed method as well as its advantages in handling nonexponential time‐to‐failure distributions and in analyzing smart systems with complicated intradomain and cross‐domain dependencies.