bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully 3D Printed and Disposable Paper Supercapacitors
Authors: Aeby Xavier , Poulin Alexandre , Siqueira Gilberto , Hausmann Michael K. , Nyström Gustav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the development of the internet‐of‐things for applications such as wearables and packaging, a new class of electronics is emerging, characterized by the sheer number of forecast units and their short service‐life. Projected to reach 27 billion units in 2021, connected devices are generating an exponentially increasing amount of electronic waste (e‐waste). Fueled by the growing e‐waste problem, the field of sustainable electronics is attracting significant interest. Today, standard energy‐storage technologies such as lithium‐ion or alkaline batteries still power most of smart devices. While they provide good performance, the nonrenewable and toxic materials require dedicated collection and recycling processes. Moreover, their standardized form factor and performance specifications limit the designs of smart devices. Here, exclusively disposable materials are used to fully print nontoxic supercapacitors maintaining a high capacitance of 25.6 F g−1 active material at an operating voltage up to 1.2 V. The presented combination of digital material assembly, stable high‐performance operation, and nontoxicity has the potential to open new avenues within sustainable electronics and applications such as environmental sensing, e‐textiles, and healthcare.
Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructured Diamond Gradient Surface for Controlled Water Transport and Fog Collection
Authors: Wang Xingyong , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Xu Yang , Xiang Li , Zhou Zhiye , Wang Tao , Tang Yongbing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe directed transport of liquids is essential for numerous applications, such as microfluidics, heat transfer, and water harvesting. However, the traditional chemical coatings used for topographical or chemical gradients lack chemical stability and long‐term durability in harsh environments, such as elevated humidity, high temperature, or high pressure. Here, multifunctional robust diamond gradient films with gradually changed multilevel structure and chemical composition are designed and synthesized via a controlled chemical vapor deposition process. The size and abundance of hierarchical micro/nanostructural diamond crystals gradually increase along the film's length by manipulating deposition temperature and gas‐phase concentration, which endows the gradient surface with the ability to direct water droplets from the highly hydrophobic diamond‐rich surface (contact angle 141°) toward the hydrophilic SiC surface (contact angle 13°). This unique property is used to promote water condensation in seawater desalination systems with high humidity; significantly, the fog‐collecting ability is three times higher than that of the hydrophobic film and eight times higher than that of hydrophilic film. More importantly, the water harvesting performance remains even after harsh treatments with corrosive liquids and abrasive sandblasting, indicating potential applicability in microfluidics, desalination, and fog collection.
“Visible” Phase Separation of MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 Films for High‐Performance and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Shang Meijia , Lian Gang , Lv Song , Zhu Fei , Wang Qilong , Cui Deliang , Zheng Zhaoke , Huang Baibiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimultaneous achievement of elevated photocurrent by increasing grain size of perovskite films and reduced dark current by introducing passivation phase as well as improved stability is significant and tough challenge for perovskite‐based photodetector devices. Herein, in‐situ formation of “visible” formamidinium lead iodide (δ‐FAPbI3) phase within a high‐quality methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3) film is reported by a pressure‐induced phase separation strategy. The MAPbI3 single‐crystal grains are adequately grown and parts of them are over 20 µm in lateral dimension. More importantly, the incursion of δ‐FAPbI3 with high resistance behaves like an organic scaffold to passivate the trap state, limit cation diffusion, and increase intrinsic resistance of the MAPbI3 film. Accordingly, the MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 photodetector devices exhibit excellent photoelectrical performance, including high detectivity, responsivity, and on/off ratio due to long carrier lifetime and low defect density. Furthermore, the unsealed MAPbI3/δ‐FAPbI3 film device retains over 94% of its initial photocurrent after 15 days in ambient conditions, exhibiting significantly improved stability. The introduction of “useless” δ‐FAPbI3 phase in high‐quality perovskite films opens up a new way toward improved photoelectrical performance and stability.
Programmable Unlocking Nano‐Matryoshka‐CRISPR Precisely Reverses Immunosuppression to Unleash Cascade Amplified Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Yang Jin , Li Zhike , Shen Meiling , Wang Yan , Wang Li , Li Jiamiao , Yang Wen , Li Jie , Li Haijun , Wang Xinxin , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an attractive option in cancer therapy, but its efficacy is still less than expected due to the transient and incomplete blocking and the low responsiveness. Herein, an unprecedented programmable unlocking nano‐matryoshka‐CRISPR system (PUN) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is fabricated for permanent and complete and highly responsive immunotherapy. While PUN is inert at normal physiological conditions, enzyme‐abundant tumor microenvironment and preternatural intracellular oxidative stress sequentially trigger programmable unlocking of PUN to realize a nano‐matryoshka‐like release of CRISPR/Cas9. The successful nucleus localization of CRISPR/Cas9 ensures the highly efficient disruption of PD‐L1 and PTPN2 to unleash cascade amplified adaptive immune response via revoking the immune checkpoint effect. PD‐L1 downregulation in tumor cells not only disrupts PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction to attenuate the immunosurveillance evasion but also spurs potent immune T cell responses to enhance adaptive immunity. Synchronously, inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway is relieved by deleting PTPN2, which promotes tumor susceptibility to CD8+ T cells depending on IFN‐γ, thus further amplifying adaptive immune responses. Combining these advances together, PUN exhibits optimal antitumor efficiency and long‐term immune memory with negligible toxicity, which provides a promising alternative to current ICB therapy.
Laboratory testing for ADAMTS13: Utility for TTP diagnosis/exclusion and beyond
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Pasalic Leonardo , Henry Brandon , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe metalloproteinase ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), also known as VWF (von Willebrand factor) protease, may be assessed in a vast array of clinical conditions. Notably, a severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 characterizes TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura), a rare but potentially fatal disorder associated with thrombosis due to accumulation of prothrombotic ultra‐large VWF multimers. Although prompt identification/exclusion of TTP can be facilitated by rapid ADAMTS13 testing, the most commonly utilized assays are based on ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and require long turnaround time and have relatively limited throughput. Nevertheless, several rapid ADAMTS13 assays are now available, at least in select geographies. The current mini‐review discusses these issues, as well as the potential utility of ADAMTS13 testing in a range of other conditions, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Validation of National Early Warning Score for predicting 30‐day mortality after rapid response system activation in Japan
Authors: Naito Takaki , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Hsu Hsiang‐Chin , Aoki Kazuhiro , Nagata Kazuma , Arai Masayasu , Nakada Taka‐aki , Suzaki Shinichiro , Hayashi Yoshiro , Fujitani Shigeki ,   In‐Hospital Emergency Study Group
Published: May 2021

AimAlthough rapid response systems (RRS) are used to prevent adverse events, Japan reportedly has low activation rates and high mortality rates. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) could provide a solution, but it has not been validated in Japan. We aimed to validate NEWS for Japanese patients.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included data of 2,255 adult patients from 33 facilities registered in the In‐Hospital Emergency Registry in Japan between January 2014 and March 2018. The primary evaluated outcome was mortality rate 30 days after RRS activation. Accuracy of NEWS was analyzed with the correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Prediction weights of NEWS parameters were then analyzed using multiple logistic regression and a machine learning method, classification and regression trees.ResultsThe correlation coefficient of NEWS for 30‐day mortality rate was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.98) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.668 (95% CI, 0.642–0.693). Sensitivity and specificity values with a cut‐off score of 7 were 89.8% and 45.1%, respectively. Regarding prediction values of each parameter, oxygen saturation showed the highest odds ratio of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.25–1.48), followed by altered mental status 1.23 (95% CI, 1.14–1.32), heart rate 1.21 (95% CI, 1.09–1.34), systolic blood pressure 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04–1.22), and respiratory rate 1.03 (95% CI, 1.05–1.26). Body temperature and oxygen supplementation were not significantly associated. Classification and regression trees showed oxygen saturation as the most heavily weighted parameter, followed by altered mental status and respiratory rate.ConclusionsNational Early Warning Score could stratify 30‐day mortality risk following RRS activation in Japanese patients.
Nocathioamides, Uncovered by a Tunable Metabologenomic Approach, Define a Novel Class of Chimeric Lanthipeptides
Authors: Saad Hamada , Aziz Saefuddin , Gehringer Matthias , Kramer Markus , Straetener Jan , Berscheid Anne , Brötz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Gross Harald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of available genomes, in combination with advanced genome mining techniques, unveiled a plethora of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) coding for ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). The products of these BGCs often represent an enormous resource for new and bioactive compounds, but frequently, they cannot be readily isolated and remain cryptic. Here, we describe a tunable metabologenomic approach that recruits a synergism of bioinformatics in tandem with isotope‐ and NMR‐guided platform to identify the product of an orphan RiPP gene cluster in the genomes of Nocardia terpenica IFM 0406 and 0706T. The application of this tactic resulted in the discovery of nocathioamides family as a founder of a new class of chimeric lanthipeptides I.
The Influence of a Changing Local Environment during Photoinduced CO2 Dissociation
Authors: Vyshnepolsky Michael , Ding Zhao‐Bin , Srivastava Prashant , Tesarik Patrik , Mazhar Hussain , Maestri Matteo , Morgenstern Karina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThough largely influencing the efficiency of a reaction, the molecular‐scale details of the local environment of the reactants are experimentally inaccessible hindering an in‐depth understanding of a catalyst's reactivity, a prerequisite to maximizing its efficiency. We introduce a method to follow individual molecules and their largely changing environment during a photochemical reaction. The method is illustrated for a rate‐limiting step in a photolytic reaction, the dissociation of CO2 on two catalytically relevant surfaces, Ag(100) and Cu(111). We reveal with a single‐molecule resolution how the reactant's surroundings evolve with progressing laser illumination and with it their propensity for dissociation. Counteracting processes lead to a volcano‐like reactivity. Our unprecedented local view during a photoinduced reaction opens the avenue for understanding the influence of the products on reaction yields on the nanoscale.
Mechanism of the Arene‐Limited Nondirected C−H Activation of Arenes with Palladium**
Authors: Wedi Philipp , Farizyan Mirxan , Bergander Klaus , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently palladium catalysts have been discovered that enable the directing‐group‐free C−H activation of arenes without requiring an excess of the arene substrate, thereby enabling methods for the late‐stage modification of complex organic molecules. The key to success has been the use of two complementary ligands, an N‐acyl amino acid and an N‐heterocycle. Detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies on the dual‐ligand‐enabled C−H activation of arenes have led us to identify the catalytically active species and a transition state model that explains the exceptional activity and selectivity of these catalysts. These findings are expected to be highly useful for further method development using this powerful class of catalysts.
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of polymer‐on‐polymer artificial hip joint of CF/PEEK composite
Authors: Gu Junfeng , Sun Xiujie , Li Zheng , Ruan Shilun , Shen Changyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt present, the main frictional components of artificial hip joint (AHJ) are mainly the combinations of hard materials (metal, ceramic) and soft materials (polymer), such as, metal‐on‐metal (MoM), ceramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC), metal‐on‐polymer (MoP), and ceramic‐on‐polymer (CoP). As a new type of AHJ, the polymer‐on‐polymer (PoP) combination has gradually begun to be explored and studied. In this paper, PoP AHJ of CF/PEEK composite are studied, and elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis based on the solution of the Reynolds equation is performed, and the results are compared with the MoM and MoP AHJs. The comparison shows that under the same steady‐state condition, the PoP AHJ has better lubrication performance. The influence of the key structural parameters of the CF/PEEK PoP AHJ is also analyzed in this paper, and the results show that the femoral head size and radial clearance have great influence on the thickness and pressure distribution of the lubricating film. The research results in this paper further confirm the application potential of the PoP AHJ, and are helpful to its practical application and structural design.
Binary polymer blend of ArPTU/PI with advanced comprehensive dielectric properties and ultra‐high thermally stability
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Tong Hui , Fan Tao , Xu Ju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlexible high‐temperature polymeric dielectrics with advanced dielectric properties are urgently demanded in various applications. In this work, series of polymer blend films were prepared from aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) and polyimide (PI). The experimental results revealed that the blend films were properly engineered to achieve higher breakdown strength, greater dielectric constant, and larger energy density than pure PI film. For instance, the optimum property was obtained from the blend film with 10 wt% ArPTU, exhibiting prominent dielectric properties (K = 4.52, Eb = 443 MV/m), enhanced energy density (4.00 J/cm3) as well as excellent heat resistance (Tg = 419°C). In addition, stable dielectric properties at broad temperature range from −50 to 250°C were also acquired. It is deduced that the good compatibility from ArPTU and PI with similar polarity are responsible for the improved properties. The superior comprehensive properties which combine the advantages of ArPTU and PI suggest the potential applications of ArPTU/PI blend film in high‐temperature dielectric areas.
Hydrogels containing modified ammonium polyphosphate for fireproof materials
Authors: Chen Qian , Cui Xiao Feng , Zheng Wen Jiang , Zou Wei , Li Yanli , Yan Jie , Yang Hu , Yang Fan , Zhang Hai Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogels containing a large amount of water have been widely studied as fireproof materials. However, the organic networks that composed the gel easily burns as water evaporates. In this work, the widely used intumescent flame‐retardant ammonium polyphosphate was modified by carbon–carbon double bonds (abbreviated as MAPP) and introduced in alginate/poly (acrylamide‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) [alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA)] hydrogel by free radical polymerization. The resultant MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) hydrogels show good mechanical strength of 650 kPa and healing efficiency of 80%. Thermal analysis and thermal protective performance tests indicate that the MAPP particles improve the thermal stability and heat resistance of gel. The fireproof test shows that the MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) gel composite shows twice of fire proof time over the pure hydrogels.
Artisanal fishing, dolphins, and interactive pinger: A study from a passive acoustic perspective
Authors: Buscaino Giuseppa , Ceraulo Maria , Alonge Giuseppe , Pace Daniela Silvia , Grammauta Rosario , Maccarrone Vincenzo , Bonanno Angelo , Mazzola Salvatore , Papale Elena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Dolphins interact with many types of fishing gear, causing damage to fishing activities and in some cases facing harm and becoming entangled as bycatch.
In this study, the behaviour of bottlenose dolphins during their interaction with set nets, equipped with and without interactive pingers, was investigated. Acoustic monitoring of the nets was conducted for a total of 56 hauls and 814.9 hr of recordings, from the 16 October to 13 November 2015, along the coast of Lampedusa island (Sicilian Channel, Italy, Mediterranean Sea).
The level of interaction between dolphins and the nets was evaluated considering the number of dolphin clicks grouped over time (single acoustic incursion on each net), the duration of every acoustic incursion, and the number of dolphin clicks per incursion. Moreover, the catch rate was measured as the number of fish per hour for each net.
Based on the recording time of dolphin clicks, the spatio‐temporal development of the interaction with the nets located in different bays of the island was assessed.
The duration of the interaction between dolphins and nets significantly increased over the study period, with a concomitant reduction in catch rate. The interactive pinger showed efficacy in protecting the nets from dolphin depredation during the first period of 36 hauls and 11 fishing days (higher catch rates and lower incursion durations), whereas no differences were found in any interaction parameters between pinger and control nets in the second period (20 hauls and six fishing days).
Interactive pingers may be an effective, short‐term (2–3 weeks) tool in deterring depredation by bottlenose dolphins in small‐scale artisanal fisheries. Other mitigation approaches, such as gear modification, lessons learned through outreach, and passive acoustic monitoring of the nets, could improve the management of the interactions between fisheries and bottlenose dolphins.
Global population genetic structure of the sequential hermaphrodite, dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)
Authors: Vaini Jussara Oliveira , Domingues Rodrigo Rodrigues , Ferrette Bruno Lopes da Silva , Hallerman Eric M. , Mota Kenneth Gabriel , Barreiros João Pedro , Hilsdorf Alexandre Wagner Silva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dusky grouperEpinephelus marginatusis a large epinephelid species that occurs in the eastern and south‐western Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. Late maturity, protogynous hermaphroditism, site fidelity, and overfishing have all contributed to its demographic decline.Connectivity and demography within a broad sampling of dusky grouper populations throughout its distribution were assessed. To do so, genetic variation at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a partial sequence of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) were evaluated.Two major mtCR lineages with a sequence divergence of 1.6% were found. The magnitude of genetic differentiation for mtCR among north and south Atlantic and Indian Ocean populations was high, with ΦST = 0.528.DESTand results of discriminant analysis of principal component revealed significant microsatellite genetic differentiation between all collection areas. Significant pairwiseDESTshowed moderate (0.084) to very great (0.603) differentiation. The effective population size was low for all localities, ranging between 25 (Azores Archipelago) and 311 (Rio Grande do Sul). The overall effective population size was estimated as 299 (confidence interval = 215–412), and there was no evidence of strong or recent bottleneck effects.Local and regional genetic structuring among dusky grouper populations is the consequence of the species' site fidelity, distribution across multiple oceanographic boundaries, and probably also of sequential hermaphroditism that contributes to the intensity of random genetic drift.The spatial pattern of genetic structuring of dusky groupers is such that fisheries management and conservation of population genetic integrity will have to be pursued at the local and regional scales.
The effects of in ovo administered bisphenol A on tibial growth plate histology in chicken
Authors: Öznurlu Yasemin , Özaydın Tuğba , Sur Emrah , Özparlak Haluk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine of the effects of in ovo administered BPA on embryonic development of the tibial growth plate using histological methods in chickens.MethodsThree hundred and ten fertile eggs of Isa Brown laying parent stock were divided into five groups as untreated control, vehicle‐injected control, 50, 100, and 250 μg/egg BPA. At the 13th, 18th, and 21st days of incubation, eggs were randomly opened from each group until 10 live embryos were obtained. Embryos were weighed and crown‐rump length was measured. Tibial tissue samples were taken from embryos. Tibia weight, relative tibia weight and tibia length were determined. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Sections were stained with Safranin O staining methods and zones in the growth plate were measured. Also, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was stained immunohistochemically.ResultsThe mortality in the BPA treated groups was higher than untreated control group. The results have revealed that mean relative embryo weights, crown‐rump length, mean tibia weight, relative tibia weight, and tibia length of BPA treated groups were significantly lower when compared to the untreated control and vehicle‐injected control groups. Also, proliferative zone get significantly narrowed, whereas the transitional and hypertrophic zone thickened and PCNA positive chondrocytes increased in growth plate of BPA treated groups.ConclusionThese results have suggested that developmental exposure to BPA adversely affected development of the tibial growth plate.