bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of ACE2 expression mediating pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 patients
Authors: van Kimmenade R. R. J. , Belfroid E. , Hoogervorst-Schilp J. , Siebelink H. J. , Janssen C. W. , Pinto Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere has been debate on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme‑2 (ACE2) expression mediating pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 infected patients. Although it has been suggested that these drugs might lead to a higher susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection, experimental data suggest these agents may reduce acute lung injury via blocking angiotensin-II-mediated pulmonary permeability, inflammation and fibrosis.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to answer the question: What is the effect of medications that influence ACE2 expression (ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and thiazolidinediones) on the outcomes of COVID-19? Relevant outcome measures were mortality (crucial), hospital admission, length of stay, thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism, stroke, transient ischaemic attack), need for mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy. Medline and Embase databases were searched with relevant search terms until 24 June 2020. After systematic analysis, nine studies were included.ResultsThe results were described for two different groups, an overall group in which all users were compared with non-users and a group in which only hypertensive patients were included. Within each group a distinction was made between results for ACEI/ARB use, ACEI use, ARB use, NSAID use and thiazolidinedione use. None of the studies demonstrated increased mortality in the two groups. Furthermore, none of the studies showed an effect on other outcome measures in COVID-19, such as ICU admission, length of hospital stay, thromboembolic complications, need for mechanical ventilation, acute kidney failure or need for renal replacement therapy. However, the level of evidence of all studies varied from ‘moderate’ to ‘very low’, according to the GRADE methodology.ConclusionAnalysis of the literature demonstrated that there was insufficient evidence to answer our objective on the effect of ACE2 expression mediating pharmacotherapy on outcome in COVID-19 patients, especially due to the low scientific quality of the described studies. Randomised controlled studies are needed to answer this question.
Asymmetric Partisan Voter Turnout Games
Authors: Guage Cameron , Fu Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince Downs proposed that the act of voting is irrational in 1957, myriad models have been proposed to explain voting and account for observed turnout patterns. We propose a model in which partisans consider both the instrumental and expressive benefits of their vote when deciding whether or not to abstain in an election, introducing an asymmetry that most other models do not consider. Allowing learning processes within our electorate, we analyze what evolutionarily stable strategies are rationalizable under various conditions. Upon varying electorate size, the partisan split of the electorate, and the degree to which an electorate takes underdog considerations into account in its payoff structure, we find that different equilibria arise. Our model predicts comparative statics that are consistent with voter behavior, specifically affirming a “size effect,” in which turnout decreases as electorate size increases. Furthermore, relaxing some of our preliminary assumptions eliminates some of the discrepancies between the predictions of our model and empirical voter behavior. In particular, our work demonstrates that misperceptions about the partisan split of an electorate may account for high turnout behavior .
Sustainability of wild plant use in the Andean Community of South America
Authors: Kor Laura , Homewood Katherine , Dawson Terence P. , Diazgranados Mauricio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOverexploitation is the second biggest driver of global plant extinction. Meanwhile, useful plant species are vital to livelihoods across the world, with global conservation efforts increasingly applying the concept of ‘conservation-through-use.’ However, successfully balancing conservation and biodiversity use remains challenging. We reviewed literature on the sustainability of wild-collected plant use across the countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia—a region of global importance for its biological and cultural richness. After applying defined search terms and a two-stage screening process, 68 articles were reviewed. The numbers which reported sustainable, unsustainable, or context-dependent outcomes were relatively even, but national differences emerged. Through narrative synthesis, we identified five key, reoccurring themes: plant biology; land tenure; knowledge, resource, and capacity; economics and market pressures; and institutional structures, policy, and legislation. Our results show the need for flexible, context-specific approaches and the importance of collaboration, with bottom-up management and conservation methods involving local communities and traditional ecological knowledge often proving most effective.
High-entropy ceramics: Present status, challenges, and a look forward
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Xing Yan , Dai Fu-zhi , Wang Hongjie , Su Lei , Miao Lei , Zhang Guojun , Wang Yiguang , Qi Xiwei , Yao Lei , Wang Hailong , Zhao Biao , Li Jianqiang , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh-entropy ceramics (HECs) are solid solutions of inorganic compounds with one or more Wyckoff sites shared by equal or near-equal atomic ratios of multi-principal elements. Although in the infant stage, the emerging of this new family of materials has brought new opportunities for material design and property tailoring. Distinct from metals, the diversity in crystal structure and electronic structure of ceramics provides huge space for properties tuning through band structure engineering and phonon engineering. Aside from strengthening, hardening, and low thermal conductivity that have already been found in high-entropy alloys, new properties like colossal dielectric constant, super ionic conductivity, severe anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient, strong electromagnetic wave absorption, etc., have been discovered in HECs. As a response to the rapid development in this nascent field, this article gives a comprehensive review on the structure features, theoretical methods for stability and property prediction, processing routes, novel properties, and prospective applications of HECs. The challenges on processing, characterization, and property predictions are also emphasized. Finally, future directions for new material exploration, novel processing, fundamental understanding, in-depth characterization, and database assessments are given.
Combination of ultrasound and molecular testing in malignancy risk estimate of Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules: results from a single-institution prospective study
Authors: Marina M. , Zatelli M. C. , Goldoni M. , Del Rio P. , Corcione L. , Martorana D. , Percesepe A. , Bonatti F. , Mozzoni P. , Crociara A. , Ceresini G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Malignancy prediction in indeterminate thyroid nodules is still challenging. We prospectively evaluated whether the combination of ultrasound (US) risk stratification and molecular testing improves the assessment of malignancy risk in Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules.

Methods
Ninety-one consecutively diagnosed Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules were prospectively evaluated before surgery by both ACR- and EU-TIRADS US risk-stratification systems and by a further US-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the following molecular testing: BRAFV600E, N-RAS codons 12/13, N-RAS codon 61, H-RAS codons 12/13, H-RAS codon 61, K-RAS codons 12/13, and K-RAS codon 61 point-mutations, as well as PAX8/PPARγ, RET/PC1, and RET/PTC 3 rearrangements.

Results
At histology, 37% of nodules were malignant. No significant association was found between malignancy and either EU- or ACR-TIRADS. In total, 58 somatic mutations were identified, including 3 BRAFV600E (5%), 5 N-RAS 12/13 (9%), 13 N-RAS 61 (22%), 7 H-RAS 12/13 (12%), 11 H-RAS 61 (19%), 6 K-RAS 12/13 (10%), 8 K-RAS 61 (14%) mutations and 2 RET/PTC1 (4%), 0 RET/PTC 3 (0%), 3 PAX8/PPARγ (5%) rearrangements. At least one somatic mutation was found in 28% and 44% of benign and malignant nodules, respectively, although malignancy was not statistically associated with the outcome of the mutational test. However, the combination of ACR-, but not EU-, TIRADS with the presence of at least one somatic mutation, was significantly associated with malignant histology (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
US risk stratification and FNAC molecular testing may synergistically contribute to improve malignancy risk estimate of Bethesda category IV thyroid nodules.
Die „Checkliste 2021“ für physische Belastungen bei der Arbeit
Authors: Hartmann Bernd , Weber Britta , Ellegast Rolf , Jäger Matthias , Schick Ralf , Spallek Michael 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2009 wurde in Folge eines neuen Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Grundsatzes G 46 „Belastungen des Muskel-Skelett-Systems“ von der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) erstmalig eine Handlungsanleitung für zielgerichtete arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge bei physischen Belastungen zusammengestellt (BGI/GUV‑I 504-46). Diese enthielt eine Checkliste zur Prüfung des Angebots arbeitsmedizinischer Vorsorge bei körperlichen Belastungen des Muskel-Skelett-Systems. Im Jahr 2013 wurden neue Anlässe für die Angebotsvorsorge bei Tätigkeiten mit wesentlich erhöhten körperlichen Belastungen eingeführt und durch eine Arbeitsmedizinische Regel (AMR 13.2) konkretisiert.Im Forschungsprojekt MEGAPHYS der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) und der DGUV wurden Methoden zur Beurteilung physischer Belastungen verschiedener Komplexitätsstufen bearbeitet. Leitmerkmalmethoden als spezielle Screeningverfahren wurden für 6 Belastungsarten weiter- und neuentwickelt.Betriebliche Praktiker stehen bei der Gefährdungsbeurteilung vor der Frage, ob die Arbeitsbedingungen tatsächlich „wesentlich erhöhte körperliche Belastungen“ beinhalten könnten und daher eingehender zu prüfen sind.Mit dieser Checkliste soll der betrieblichen Praxis eine Hilfe zur Verfügung stehen, um zu klären, ob die konkreten Arbeitsbedingungen überhaupt wesentlich erhöhte Belastungen darstellen könnten. Sie orientiert sich am Risikokonzept für die Erkennung der Wahrscheinlichkeit körperlicher Überbeanspruchungen im Projekt MEGAPHYS. Ein Verdacht auf eine wesentlich erhöhte Belastung (Risikobereich 3) kann bereits bestehen, wenn die Ausprägung der mittels Checkliste eingeschätzten Merkmale im mittleren Risikobereich 2 („mäßig erhöhte körperliche Belastungen“) liegt.
Understanding adolescents’ perceived social responsibility: The role of family cohesion, interdependent self‐construal, and social trust
Authors: Cheng Wing Yee , Cheung Rebecca Y.M. , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionPositive family interactions contribute to the development of social responsibility among adolescents. Interdependent self‐construal and social trust, which reflect the perceived relatedness and beliefs towards others, may explain the relation between family cohesion and social responsibility. The present study tested the mediating mechanisms between family cohesion and adolescents’ social responsibility via adolescents’ interdependent self‐construal and social trust.MethodsA total of 386 Chinese children in Hong Kong (52.07% girls,Mage= 13.64 years) and their parents completed self‐report questionnaires twice at 12 months apart. Family cohesion was measured by mothers’, fathers’, and adolescents’ reports to provide a comprehensive representation of the family environment. A structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate the mediation effect.ResultsFindings based on structural equation modeling revealed that family cohesion was positively associated with interdependent self‐construal and social trust. In addition, adolescents’ interdependent self‐construal and social trust were positively associated with social responsibility. Bootstrapping analysis showed that interdependent self‐construal and social trust were mediators between family cohesion and social responsibility.ConclusionBased on these findings, the study added new evidence to the literature by demonstrating the mediating role of interdependent self‐construal and social trust between family cohesion and social responsibility. Future studies could examine potential cultural variabilities in Western and other Chinese contexts.
Exploring adolescent girls’ experiences of body talk in non‐aesthetic sport
Authors: Lucibello Kristen M. , Koulanova Alyona , Pila Eva , Brunet Jennifer , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionBody image concerns may contribute to poor sport experiences and low sport participation in girls. Objectification theory and evidence from studies in non‐sport contexts suggests body talk may elicit an environment that fosters negative body image. However, the phenomenon of body talk within adolescent girls sport is not well‐understood from an in‐depth person‐centered perspective. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore adolescent girl athletes’ experiences of body talk within sport.MethodsTwenty Canadian girl athletes (ages 14–18 years) enrolled in team‐based non‐aesthetic sports participated in one semi‐structured interview. Using a qualitative description approach, an inductive thematic analysis was used to generate three themes.Results“Body talk as a performance tactic” highlighted complimentary and negative body talk pertaining to sport performance came from coaches, opposing players, and parents. “Casual conversations and body talk” reflected body talk from teammates and male spectators that was not specific to sport but occurred in the sport context. “Coping with body talk” reflected strategies athletes used to combat negative body talk from teammates, and reflected the athletes’ perceptions that negativity towards the body is normative.ConclusionsBody talk served many purposes within sport; researchers should further explore the diverse motivations and perceived utility of body talk across sport stakeholders. Creating standardized resources and policies to eliminate body talk may foster more positive and supportive sport experiences for girls.
Care Fragmentation and Mortality in Readmission after Surgery for Hepatopancreatobiliary and Gastric Cancer: A Patient-Level and Hospital-Level Analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Administrative Database
Authors: Brauer David G. , Wu Ningying , Keller Matthew R. , Humble Sarah A. , Fields Ryan C. , Hammill Chet W. , Hawkins William G. , Colditz Graham A. , Sanford Dominic E. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) and gastric oncologic operations are frequently performed at referral centers. Postoperatively, many patients experience care fragmentation, including readmission to “outside hospitals” (OSH), which is associated with increased mortality. Little is known about patient-level and hospital-level variables associated with this mortality difference.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients undergoing HPB or gastric oncologic surgery were identified from select states within the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database (2006–2014). Follow-up was 90 days after discharge. Analyses used Kruskal-Wallis test, Youden index, and multilevel modeling at the hospital level.

RESULTS:
There were 7,536 patients readmitted within 90 days of HPB or gastric oncologic surgery to 636 hospitals; 28% of readmissions (n = 2,123) were to an OSH, where 90-day readmission mortality was significantly higher: 8.0% vs 5.4% (p < 0.01). Patients readmitted to an OSH lived farther from the index surgical hospital (median 24 miles vs 10 miles; p < 0.01) and were readmitted later (median 25 days after discharge vs 12; p < 0.01). These variables were not associated with readmission mortality. Surgical complications managed at an OSH were associated with greater readmission mortality: 8.4% vs 5.7% (p < 0.01). Hospitals with <100 annual HPB and gastric operations for benign or malignant indications had higher readmission mortality (6.4% vs 4.7%, p = 0.01), although this was not significant after risk-adjustment (p = 0.226).

CONCLUSIONS:
For readmissions after HPB and gastric oncologic surgery, travel distance and timing are major determinants of care fragmentation. However, these variables are not associated with mortality, nor is annual hospital surgical volume after risk-adjustment. This information could be used to determine safe sites of care for readmissions after HPB and gastric surgery. Further analysis is needed to explore the relationship between complications, the site of care, and readmission mortality.
African Studies Keyword: Body
Authors: Livingston Julie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human body is a central entity and analytic within African life and Africanist scholarship. The source of perception and the seat of animation, of life, it grounds experience of the world while also providing a rich set of symbols from which humans draw in political, social, and religious life to create and communicate meaning. Livingston reviews approaches to the body as a key concept in Africanist scholarship, tracing regimes of bodily representation ranging from the deployment of bodily symbolism in ancient smelting furnaces to the hypervisibility of the black female body in the European colonial imagination. She discusses a welter of bodily experience, from the pain of childbirth and the vulnerabilities of illness and accident to the sensorium or the kinesthetic power of movement and dance. In the process, Livingston considers developments within the field of African Studies via the body.
Decolonizing Science, Digitizing the Occult: Theory from the Virtual South
Authors: Newell Sasha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article Newell uses two case studies to explore one of the central threads of Mbembe’s Abiola lecture, the idea that there is a relationship between the plasticity of digital technology and African cosmologies of thedeuxième monde. One case concerns the viral YouTube video #sciencemustfall, in which students at the University of Cape Town criticize “Western” science and demand that African forms of knowledge such as witchcraft be incorporated into the meaning of science. The second case considers fieldwork among thebrouteursof Côte d’Ivoire, internet scammers who build intimate relationships on false premises using social media. They acquire shocking amounts of wealth in this way which they display on their own social media accounts. However, they are said to use occult means to seduce and persuade their virtual lovers, trapping their prey in the sticky allure of the world wide web. Newell uses both examples to highlight the overlaps between the transformational efficacies embedded in both occult ontologies and digital worldings, calling for the possibility of using African cosmologies of the second world to produce a ‘theory from the south’ of virtual sociality.
Nudge plus: incorporating reflection into behavioral public policy
Authors: Banerjee Sanchayan , John Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNudge plus is a modification of the toolkit of behavioral public policy. It incorporates an element of reflection – the plus – into the delivery of a nudge, either blended in or made proximate. Nudge plus builds on recent work combining heuristics and deliberation. It may be used to design prosocial interventions that help preserve the autonomy of the agent. The argument turns on seminal work on dual systems, which presents a subtler relationship between fast and slow thinking than commonly assumed in the classic literature in behavioral public policy. We review classic and recent work on dual processes to show that a hybrid is more plausible than the default-interventionist or parallel-competitive framework. We define nudge plus, set out what reflection could entail, provide examples, outline causal mechanisms, and draw testable implications.
European populism before the pandemic: ideology, Euroscepticism, electoral performance, and government participation of 63 parties in 30 countries
Authors: Taggart Paul , Pirro Andrea L. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis contribution is conceived as a resource on the state of European populist parties before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It reports on cross-national comparative findings generated by data collected from 30 European countries as to the state of populist parties in one calendar year (2019) and provides an extensive qualitative overview of the national cases. The article shows that while populist parties are preponderantly on the right, there is a significant degree of ideological variation among European populism. The data show significant diversity in their electoral performance but also that populist party participation in government is no longer a marginal phenomenon. The article ultimately elaborates on the various types of positions on European integration – from soft/hard Euroscepticism to lack thereof – and discusses the implications of their affiliation in the European Parliament.
Analysis of Late Pleistocene megafauna and puparia from the Lent dredging site, province of Gelderland (the Netherlands)
Authors: Douw David S. , van Rijssen Belle E.I. , Fraaije René H.B. , Wallaard Jonathan J.W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMore than 900 vertebrate bones, ranging from Late Pleistocene to Holocene in age, have been identified in a collection that was recovered by a single dredging operation for the construction of artificial lakes near Lent (Nijmegen, province of Gelderland, the Netherlands). The Late Pleistocene assemblage comprises mainly Weichselian glacial fauna such as mammoths, reindeer and bison. Some Eemian fauna is represented as well, e.g. straight-tusked elephant. The abundance of certain species over others suggests that preservation bias had a considerable impact on this assemblage, while its time-averaged nature resulted in overrepresentation of certain species. A case study is here conducted on a fragmentary skull of a subadult woolly mammoth bull with embedded blowfly puparia. Some of these puparia are fully developed, indicating prolonged exposure of the mammoth carcass.