bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Йозеф Гиртль о фаллопиевых трубах
Authors: Кутя С.А. , Николаева Н.Г. , Кривенцов М.А. , Ермошин А.В. 
Published: December 2024

В статье приводится перевод главы 388 (Tubae Fallopianae) сочинения австрийского анатома Йозефа Гиртля Onomatologia anatomica (1880 г., Вена), в которой автор изложил воззрения анатомов XV–XVII вв. на анатомию, функцию и историю именования маточных труб. Авторский поиск позволил установить, что автором эпонима «фаллопиева труба» следует считать фламандского анатома и хирурга Адриана ван ден Шпигеля (латинизир. Спигелий) (1578–1625), который в своем труде De humani corporis fabrica: libri decem, изданном посмертно в 1627 г., впервые употребил словосочетание Tuba Falloppiana.
The article provides a translation of chapter 388 ("Tubae Fallopianae") of the Austrian anatomist Joseph Hyrtl’s work "Onomatologia anatomica" (1880, Vienna), in which the author presented the views of anatomists of XV–XVII centuries on the anatomy, function and history of naming of fallopian tubes. The author’s search allowed to establish that the author of the eponym "Fallopian tube" should be considered Flemish anatomist and surgeon Adrian van den Spiegel (Latinized Spigelius) (1578–1625), who in his work "De humani corporis fabrica: libri decem", published posthumously in 1627, for the first time used term "Tuba Falloppiana".
أثر قرار الإعفاء من الغرامات التأخيرية على تنفيذ الإصلاحات الحكومية وفق قرار مجلس الوزراء رقم 7 لسنة 2016
Authors: رؤي علي عطية  
Published: December 2024

تستند فكرة البحث على ايجاد حلول ومقترحات لإجراءات اعفاء الشركات الخاصة من الغرامات التاخيرية استثناءا من تعليمات تنفيذ العقود الحكومية رقم (1) لسنة 2008 ورقم (2) لسنة 2014 والشروط العامة لمقاولات الهندسة المدنية بقسميها الاول والثاني المعد من وزارة التخطيط والقرار الصادر من مجلس الوزراء رقم (7) لسنة 2016 ليكون دليلا يسترشد به من قبل مؤسسات القطاع العام من الوزارات وكافة الجهات غير المرتبطة بوزارة والمحافظات غير المنتظمة بإقليم ( وخاصة تشكيلات العقود الحكومية والخطة الاستثمارية) عند التأخر او الاخلال في تنفيذ الاعمال المكلف بها شركات القطاع الخاص وفقا للتعليمات النافذة ولتجنب الاعتماد على الاجتهادات الشخصية . تتميز غرامة التأخير في العقود في أنها تخضع لنظام قانوني خاص، مقارنة بالجزاءات المالية الأخرى في مجال العقود التعويضات والغرامات الأمر الذي يكشف من خلال الممارسة العلمية الإشكالات القانونية لهذا الجزاء المالي، ولاسيما مع تعاظم الأسلوب التعاقدي الذي تلجأ إليه الإدارات المختلفة للدولة من أجل أداء مهامها والتي ينبغي أن تتوخى الصالح العام، مع ضرورة أن يتحقق في ذات الوقت، عدم إهدار حقوق المتعاقد مع الإدارة، ودرء تعسف الإدارة في ممارستها لامتيازات السلطة العامة والتي تتجسد- حقا – في آليات تنفيذ العقود ولا سيما عند توقيع هذا الجزاء الذي لا يقترن بضرورة إثبات الضرر من جانب الجهة الإدارية المتعاقدة لتوقيعه، وسلطتها التقديرية التامة في هذا الشأن، وموقف القضاء إزاء ممارسة هذه السلطة، وذلك في إطار منظومة تعتد أساسا، بالمبادئ التي أرساها مجلس الدولة الفرنسي في هذا الشأن والتي تشكل المصدر التاريخي للقانون فضلا عن أن الدراسة المقارنة، هي خير أسلوب لفهم الأفكار القانونية، وإبراز المبادئ القانونية في مرحلة تنفيذ العقد.
أثر خصائص مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر على ربحيتها، دراسة حالة لمؤسسات التمويل الأصغر الأردنية
Authors: الشحادات محمد , الطراونه أوسم 
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد العوامل المؤثرة على ربحية مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر في الأردن، وقد اشتملت عينة الدراسة على تسع شركات للتمويل الأصغر في الأردن وهي جميع المؤسسات المرخصة من قبل البنك المركزي خلال الفترة 2018 إلى الفترة 2020.
وتم دراسة سلوك المتغير التابع الذي يمثل ربحية تلك المؤسسات باستخدام تحليل الانحدار وبواسطة برمجيات IBM SPSS 26، وقد توصل الباحثان من خلال اختبار البيانات إلى أنه يوجد هناك أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α≤0.05) لحجم المؤسسة وعدد الأفرع في ربحية مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر في الأردن.كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة α ≥ 0.05 للرافعة المالية وعمر المؤسسة في ربحية مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر في الأردن.
وعلى ضوء النتائج المشار اليها، قدم الباحثان عددا من التوصيات ومنها ضرورة أن تقوم مؤسسات التمويل الأصغر في الأردن بزيادة الاستثمار في مواردها وتعزيز الوصول إلى الفئات المستهدفة واستخدام الوسائل التي تساعد في زيادة مستوى الوعي لدى المستهلكين بأهمية التمويل الأصغر وغايته وأن هدفه إنتاجي وليس استهلاكي وإن هذه التوصيات إذا أخذت بعين الاعتبار سوف تساهم في تعزيز وتطوير سوق الإقراض الأصغر وبالتالي المساهمة بشكل إيجابي للاقتصاد الأردني.
Social Marketing in Jordan: A Study of People’s Intention towards Blood Donation
Authors: Al-Bashabsheh Amin , Almrafee Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to identify the potential influence of some factors on the individuals' intention to donate blood in Jordan. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect data from 600 respondents, who visited varying medical centers, such as governmental hospitals, military hospitals, private hospitals, or other health care centers. Data were collected from 584 respondents (97.3% of the whole sample). Smart-PLS was performed to analyze the data. The results showed that both pure and impure altruism, medical incentives, recognition incentives, social marketing campaigns, and facilitators significantly influenced the intention of Jordanians to donate blood. The study recommends that those interested in the topic of blood donation should focus on the factors that motivate people to donate blood and conduct many social marketing campaigns to encourage people to donate blood as a positive social behavior in society.
Snapback in diamond p-i-p structure containing a small amount of n-type impurity in the i-layer
Authors: Mishima Kohei , Watanabe Akihiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We studied the snapback phenomenon observed in a diamond p-i-p structure in detail and investigated the effect of n-type impurity concentration in the i-layer. The snapback observed in the p-i-p structure was also observed in the p-i-p structures with a very small amount of n-type impurity contained in the i-layer and in the p-n-p structure. The voltage at which snapback occurred (threshold voltage) varied with the n-type impurity concentration in the i-layer. A higher n-type impurity concentration resulted in a higher threshold voltage. These findings indicate that n-type impurities are associated with the occurrence of snapback. Additionally, there is a correlation between the threshold voltage and the substrate temperature: as the substrate temperature increases, the threshold voltage decreases. Furthermore, a high n-type impurity concentration in the i-layer results in a low leakage current. These results suggest that snapback in a diamond p-i-p structure is induced by a small number of n-type impurities in the i-layer, along with parasitic bipolar operation caused by the high applied voltage and increased leakage current.
KANDUNGAN POLUTAN DAN UNSUR HARA MIKRO PADA DAUN-DAUN POHON DAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH DOMINAN DI TAMAN SEJATI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Karyati Karyati , Akbari Achmad Faturahman , Syafrudin Muhammad , Karmini Karmini , Widiati Kusno Yuli 
Published: December 2024

Keberadaan taman kota dengan pohon-pohon dan tumbuhan bawah memiliki banyak fungsi penting. Salah satu peran penting pohon adalah dapat mereduksi polutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pohon dan tumbuhan bawah yang dominan serta kandungan polutan (timbal) dan unsur hara mikro (besi dan mangan) pada daun dan tumbuhan bawah di Taman Sejati Kota Samarinda. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) digunakan untuk menentukan jenis pohon dan tumbuhan bawah yang dominan. Kandungan polutan dianalisis dengan metode destruksi basah dan menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Lima jenis pohon yang dominan adalah Calophyllum inophyllum, Albizia saman, Acacia mangium, Senna siamea, dan Swietenia macrophylla. Jenis tumbuhan bawah didominasi oleh Alternanthera brasiliana, Justicia gendarusa, Tradescantia spathacea, Ruellia simplex, dan Excoecaria cochinchinensis. Kandungan Pb tertinggi (21,27 mg/kg) terdapat pada daun Acacia mangium, Fe (444,68 mg/kg) terdapat pada daun Senna siamea, dan Mn (223,32 mg/kg) terdapat pada daun Acacia mangium. Daun tumbuhan bawah Justicia gendarusa mengandung Pb sebesar 17,32 mg/kg, Tradescantia spathacea mengandung Fe sebesar 1659,70 mg/kg, dan Ruellia simplex mengandung Mn sebesar 110,37 mg/kg.
IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF APIGENIN WITH NITRIC ALGINATE VARIATION IN NANOSUSPENSION
Authors: Neneng Nasliah  , Suci Nurainun  , Ghina Annufus  , Audy Nursifa'atun  , Aufalya Wibirezkina  , Sofi Nurmay Stiani  
Published: December 2024

Kidney stones are hard kidney material, such as stones that originate from minerals and salts. Alternative therapy using medicinal plants as anticalculi is an option for treating kidney stones. One plant with anticalculi activity is celery, which contains various active chemical compounds, including apigenin. Apigenin is a diuretic that can help the kidneys remove excess fluid and salt from the body. However, apigenin has low solubility in water. To overcome the limited solubility of apigenin, nanosuspensions were prepared. This study aimed to formulate a nanosuspension, evaluate its preparation, and test it in vitro. This formula uses the concentration of the suspending agent, Na. The different alginates were F0 without active substances (0%) and F1 (1%), F2 (2%), and F3 (3%). The evaluation of the preparation includes tests for pH, viscosity, specific gravity, particle size, zeta potential, and adsorption efficiency. The results showed that the preparation had an average pH value of 4-7, an average viscosity value of 78-162 cP, a specific gravity of 0.98-1.02 g/mL, the preparation had a particle size of 928–974 nm, zeta potential of-26, 3 to -41.7, and an average entrapment efficiency of 99.63%-99.64%. Apigenin nanosuspension preparations can dissolve kidney stone calcium at 1800-7800 ppm. The test results showed that the apigenin nanosuspension has the potential to dissolve calcium kidney stones.
Keywords: kidney stones, apigenin, in vitro, nanosuspension
ДНЕВНИКОВЫЕ ЗАПИСИ ВРАЧЕЙ КАК УЧЕБНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ СО СТУДЕНТАМИ-МЕДИКАМИ
Authors: Шапошникова А.П. 
Published: December 2024

В России обучается около 355 тысяч иностранных студентов, среди которых особой популярностью пользуется медицинская специальность, занимающая первое место по входящей мобильности. В связи с этим перед преподавателем стоит задача воспитания вторичной языковой личности на иностранном языке, для решения которой необходимо организовать определенную коммуникативную среду / пространство и, что немаловажно, ввести страноведческую и лингвокультурологическую информации. Актуальность данного исследования обусловлена недостаточным количеством учебного материала по русскому языку для иностранных обучающихся. Цель статьи – выявить и описать лингвострановедческий и языковой потенциал использования дополнительных источников информации для студентов-медиков и представить методическую разработку на их основе. Материалом для создания рабочих листов послужили фрагменты из «Дневника хирурга» А. А. Вишневского. В заключение делается вывод о потенциале дневниковых записей в рамках изучения русского языка как иностранного.
There are about 355 thousand foreign students studying in Russia, among whom the medical specialty is particularly popular, ranking first in terms of incoming mobility. In this regard, the teacher faces the task of developing a secondary linguistic personality in a foreign language, for the solution of which it is necessary to create a certain communicative environment and, what is important, to introduce regional and linguocultural information. The relevance of this study is due to the insufficient amount of educational material on the Russian language for foreign students. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the linguistic and cultural potential of using additional sources of information for medical students and to present a methodological development based on them. The material for creating the worksheets was excerpts from A. A. Vishnevsky’s “Diary of a Surgeon”. The conclusion is made about the potential of diary entries in the context of studying Russian as a foreign language.
К теории кручения неоднородных призматических стержней, находящихся под действием внешнего давления
Authors: Миронов Б.Г. 
Published: December 2024

В работе исследовано предельное состояние стержней из идеального жесткопластического неоднородного материала, находящихся под действием переменного внешнего давления, линейно меняющегося вдоль образующей стержня. Рассмотрены основные соотношения, описывающие предельное состояние неоднородных стержней. Определены характеристики исследуемых соотношений и соотношения вдоль характеристик. Получены интегралы основных соотношений при различных условиях предельного состояния. Рассмотрена задача о предельном состоянии неоднородного призматического стержня с прямоугольным сечением под внешним давлением, с предположением линейной зависимости предела текучести от координат.
The study investigates the ultimate state of rods made of ideally rigid-plastic heterogeneous material under external pressure linearly varying along the rod’s generatrix. The primary relationships describing the ultimate state of heterogeneous rods are considered. Characteristics of the studied relationships and equations along these characteristics are determined. Integrals of the main equations are derived for various conditions of the rod’s ultimate state. The problem of the ultimate state of a heterogeneous prismatic rod with a rectangular crosssection under external pressure is studied, assuming that the yield strength linearly depends on the coordinate of the point.
BARBIE. Bayesian Analysis for Remote Biosignature Identification on exoEarths. III. Introducing the KEN
Authors: Latouf Natasha , Himes Michael D. , Mandell Avi M. , Moore Michael Dane , Kofman Vincent , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Stark Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We deploy a newly generated set of geometric albedo spectral grids to examine the detectability of methane (CH4) in the reflected-light spectrum of an Earth-like exoplanet at visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths with a future exoplanet imaging mission. By quantifying the detectability as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and molecular abundance, we can constrain the best methods of detection with the high-contrast space-based coronagraphy slated for the next-generation telescopes such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory. We used 25 bandpasses between 0.8 and 1.5 μm. The abundances range from a modern-Earth level to an Archean-Earth level, driven by abundances found in available literature. We constrain the optimal 20%, 30%, and 40% bandpasses based on the effective SNR of the data, and investigate the impact of spectral confusion between CH4 and H2O on the detectability of each one. We find that a modern-Earth level of CH4 is not detectable, while an Archean-Earth level of CH4 would be detectable at all SNRs and bandpass widths. Crucially, we find that CH4 detectability is inversely correlated with H2O abundance, with the required SNR increasing as H2O abundance increases, while H2O detectability depends on CH4 abundance and the selected observational wavelength, implying that any science requirements for the characterization of Earth-like planet atmospheres in the visible–NIR should consider the abundances of both species in tandem.
Star−Disk Collisions: Implications for Quasi-periodic Eruptions and Other Transients near Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Yao Philippe Z. , Quataert Eliot , Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞 , Lu Wenbin , White Christopher J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We use Athena++ to study the hydrodynamics of repeated star−accretion disk collisions close to supermassive black holes, and we discuss their implications for the origin of quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) and other repeating nuclear transients. We quantify the impact of the collisions on the stellar structure, the amount of stripped stellar debris, and the orbital properties of the debris. We provide simple fitting functions for the stellar mass loss per collision; the mass loss is much larger after repeated collisions, due to the dilute stellar atmosphere shock-heated in earlier collisions. The lifetime of the QPE-emitting phase set by stellar mass loss in star−disk collision models for QPEs is thus at most ∼1000 yr; it is shortest for eRO-QPE2, of order a few decades. The mass of the stripped stellar debris per collision and its orbital properties imply that currently observed QPEs are not powered by direct star−disk collisions but rather by collisions between the stellar debris liberated in previous collisions and the accretion disk (“circularization shocks”). We discuss how the hydrodynamics of this interaction can explain the diverse timing properties of QPEs, including the regular timing of GSN 069 and eRO-QPE2 and the large flare-to-flare timing variations observed in eRO-QPE1. QPEs with recurrence times of many days, if observed, may have more regular timing.
Sub-Alfvénic Turbulence: Magnetic-to-kinetic Energy Ratio, Modification of Weak Cascade, and Implications for Magnetic Field Strength Measurements
Authors: Lazarian A. , Ho Ka Wai , Yuen Ka Ho , Vishniac Ethan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the properties of sub-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, i.e., turbulence with Alfvén mach number M
A = V

L
/V
A < 1, where V

L
is the velocity at the injection scale and V
A is the Alfvén velocity. We demonstrate that MHD turbulence can have different properties, depending on whether it is driven by velocity or magnetic fluctuations. If the turbulence is driven by isotropic bulk forces acting upon the fluid, i.e., is velocity driven, in an incompressible conducting fluid we predict that the kinetic energy is

M
A

−
2

times larger than the energy of magnetic fluctuations. This effect arises from the long parallel wavelength tail of the forcing, which excites modes with k
∥/k
⊥ < M
A. We also predict that as the MHD turbulent cascade reaches the strong regime, the energy of slow modes exceeds the energy of Alfvén modes by a factor

M
A

−
1

. These effects are absent if the turbulence is driven through magnetic fluctuations at the injection scale. We confirm our predictions with numerical simulations. Since the assumption of magnetic and kinetic energy equipartition is at the core of the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) approach to measuring magnetic field strength in sub-Alfvénic turbulence, we conclude that the DCF technique is not universally applicable. In particular, we suggest that the dynamical excitation of long azimuthal wavelength modes in the galactic disk may compromise the use of the DCF technique. We discuss alternative expressions that can be used to obtain magnetic field strength from observations and consider ways of distinguishing the cases of velocity and magnetically driven turbulence using observational data.
A Systematic Search for Candidate Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Using Periodic Mid-infrared Light Curves of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Luo Di , Jiang Ning , Liu Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Periodic variability in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a promising method for studying subparsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), which are a challenging detection target. While extensive searches have been made in the optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands, systematic infrared (IR) studies remain limited. Using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which provides unique decade-long mid-IR light curves with a six-month cadence, we have conducted the first systematic search for SMBHB candidates based on IR periodicity. Analyzing a parent sample of 48,932 objects selected from about half a million AGNs, we have identified 28 candidate periodic AGNs with periods ranging from 1268 to 2437 days (in the observer frame), by fitting their WISE light curves with sinusoidal functions. However, our mock simulation of the parent sample indicates that stochastic variability can actually produce a similar number of periodic sources, underscoring the difficulty in robustly identifying real periodic signals with WISE light curves, given their current sampling. Notably, we find no overlap between our sample and optical periodic sources, which can be explained by a distinct preference for certain periods due to selection bias. By combining archived data from different surveys, we have identified a candidate exhibiting periodic behavior in both the optical and IR bands, a phenomenon that warrants further validation through observational tests. Our results highlight the potential of IR time-domain surveys, including future missions such as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, for identifying periodic AGNs, but complementary tests are still needed to determine their physical origins, such as SMBHBs.
Young Stellar Object Jets Magnetocentrifugally Driven by Reconnecting Atmospheric Avalanche Accretion Streams above Inner Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Tu 涂 Yisheng 以晟 , Li Zhi-Yun , Zhu 朱 Zhaohuan 照寰 , Hu 胡 Xiao 晓 , Hsu 徐 Chun-Yen 峻彥 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fast, collimated jets are ubiquitous features of young stellar objects. They are generally thought to be powered by disk accretion, but the details are debated. Through 2D (axisymmetric) MHD simulations, we find that a fast (>100 km s−1) collimated bipolar jet is continuously driven along the north and south poles of a circumstellar disk that is initially magnetized by a large-scale open poloidal field and contains a thermally ionized inner magnetically active zone surrounded by a dead zone. The fast jet is primarily driven magnetocentrifugally by the release of the gravitational binding energy of the so-called “avalanche accretion streams” near the boundary of an evacuated poloidal field dominated polar region and a thick disk atmosphere raised by a toroidal magnetic field. Specifically, the fast outflow is driven along the upper (open) branch of the highly pinched poloidal field lines threading the (strongly magnetically braked) accretion streams, where the density is relatively low so that the lightly loaded material can be accelerated magnetocentrifugally along the open field line to a high speed. The highly pinched poloidal magnetic fields threading the avalanche accretion streams tend to reconnect, enabling mass to accrete to the center without dragging along the poloidal magnetic flux with it. The reconnection provides a potential heating source for producing chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions.
Low Injection Rate of Cosmic-Ray Protons in the Turbulent Reacceleration Model of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Nishiwaki Kosuke , Asano Katsuaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A giant radio halo (RH) is a diffuse synchrotron emission observed on the scale of megaparsecs, typically found in the central region of merging galaxy clusters. Its large size and steep spectrum suggest that it originates from the reenergization of an aged population of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs), while the secondary leptons produced in the pp hadronic collision of cosmic-ray protons (CRPs) may contribute to the emission. In this study, we investigate the reacceleration model including both primary and secondary CREs, assuming that the primary cosmic rays (CRs) originate from internal galaxies. In our new method, we follow the cosmological evolution of each cluster and calculate the energy spectra and 1D spatial distributions of CRs. The primary CRE model with a ∼3 Gyr duration of reacceleration successfully reproduces the statistical properties of the RHs observed in the recent LOFAR survey, as well as the spectrum and profile of the Coma cluster. The gamma-ray and neutrino emissions produced by reaccelerated CRPs are consistent with the upper limits. However, if the CRP injection rate is high and the secondary CREs become significant, the model with the required ∼3 Gyr reacceleration overproduces the number of RHs. The limit on the CRP injection rate, L

p
≲ 1041 erg s−1, is significantly lower than that expected from the early starburst activity or jets from active galactic nuclei. This discrepancy requires a revision of either the model of CR supply from galaxies or the turbulent reacceleration model.