bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Prediabetes
Authors: Rasouli Neda , Brodsky Irwin G , Chatterjee Ranee , Kim Sun H , Pratley Richard E , Staten Myrlene A , Pittas Anastassios G ,   D2d Research Group, Pittas Anastassios G , Brodsky Irwin , Ceglia Lisa , Chadha Chhavi , Chatterjee Ranee , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Desouza Cyrus , Dolor Rowena , Foreyt John , Ghazi Adline , Hsia Daniel S , Johnson Karen C , Kashyap Sangeeta R , Kim Sun H , LeBlanc Erin S , Lewis Michael R , Liao Emilia , Malozowski Saul , Neff Lisa M , O’Neil Patrick , Park Jean , Peters Anne , Phillips Lawrence S , Pratley Richard , Raskin Philip , Rasouli Neda , Robbins David , Rosen Clifford , Reboussin Dave , Aroda Vanita R , Ware James H , Sheehan Patricia , Staten Myrlene A , Knowler William C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis pathways, but effects of vitamin D supplementation on β-cell function remain unclear.

Objective
To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Methods
This is a prespecified secondary analysis of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes study. Overweight/obese adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes (prediabetes) were randomly treated with vitamin D3 4000 IU or matching placebo daily for 24 months.

Main Outcome
Disposition index (DI), as an estimate of β-cell function, was calculated as the product of Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 indices derived from C-peptide values (HOMA2%Scpep) and C-peptide response during the first 30 minutes of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results
Mean age was 60.5 ± 9.8 years and body mass index was 31.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Mean serum 25(OH)D level increased from 27.9 ± 10.3 ng/mL at baseline to 54.9 ng/mL at 2 years in the vitamin D group and was unchanged (28.5 ± 10.0 ng/mL) in the placebo group. The baseline DI predicted incident diabetes independent of the intervention. In the entire cohort, there were no significant differences in changes in DI, HOMA2%Scpep, or C-peptide response between the 2 groups. Among participants with baseline 25(OH)D level &lt;12 ng/mL, the mean percent differences for DI between the vitamin D and placebo groups was 8.5 (95% CI, 0.2-16.8).

Conclusions
Supplementation with vitamin D3 for 24 months did not improve an OGTT-derived index of β-cell function in people with prediabetes not selected based on baseline vitamin D status; however, there was benefit among those with very low baseline vitamin D status.
FAM209 associates with DPY19L2, and is required for sperm acrosome biogenesis and fertility in mice
Authors: Castaneda Julio M. , Shimada Keisuke , Satouh Yuhkoh , Yu Zhifeng , Devlin Darius J. , Ikawa Masahito , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Infertility afflicts up to 15% of couples globally each year with men a contributing factor in 50% of these cases. Globozoospermia is a rare condition found in infertile men, which is characterized by defective acrosome biogenesis leading to the production of round-headed sperm. Here, we report that family with sequence similarity 209 (Fam209) is required for acrosome biogenesis in mouse sperm. FAM209 is a small transmembrane protein conserved among mammals. Loss of Fam209 results in fertility defects that are secondary to abnormalities in acrosome biogenesis during spermiogenesis, reminiscent of globozoospermia. Analysis of the FAM209 proteome identified DPY19L2, whose human orthologue is involved in the majority of globozoospermia cases. Although mutations in human and mouse Dpy19l2 have been shown to cause globozoospermia, no in vivo interacting partners of DPY19L2 have been identified until now. FAM209 colocalizes with DPY19L2 at the inner nuclear membrane to maintain the developing acrosome. Here, we identified FAM209 as the first interacting partner of DPY19L2, and the second protein that is essential for acrosome biogenesis that localizes to the inner nuclear membrane.
SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Microarray by Photoimmobilization for Serodiagnosis of the Antibodies
Authors: Kashiwagi Hiroharu , Morishima Nobuhiro , Obuse Sei , Isoshima Takashi , Akimoto Jun , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An automated microarray diagnostic system for SARS-CoV-2 protein-specific antibodies was developed using photoimmobilized viral proteins. Photoimmobilization strategy was used to immobilize proteins by crosslinking reactions of photoreactive polymers. Aqueous solutions of proteins were spotted on a polymer-coated plate and dried in air. Then, the proteins were immobilized via irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp. Virus-specific IgG and IgM in the serum were automatically assayed using the microarray plate. After the serum was added on the microarray plate, peroxidase-conjugated anti-human-IgG or -IgM antibody was added, and the chemical luminescence intensity was detected using a sensitive charge-coupled device camera. The developed microarray assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional immune chromatography. Additionally, compared with conventional microarray using nitrocellulose slide, the developed microarray format was useful for rapid assay formats in serodiagnosis of viral infectious diseases and assessment of immune status for clinical applications.
Vibrio cholerae O139 persists in Dhaka, Bangladesh since 1993
Authors: Parvin Irin , Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Das Subhasish , Shahrin Lubaba , Ackhter Mst. Mahmuda , Alam Tahmina , Khan Soroar Hossain , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Clemens John D. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Sack David A. , Faruque Abu Syed Golam 
Published: September 2021

Background
After a multi-country Asian outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 which started in 1992, it is rarely detected from any country in Asia and has not been detected from patients in Africa.

Methodology/Principal findings
We extracted surveillance data from the Dhaka and Matlab Hospitals of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to review trends in isolation of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh. Data from the Dhaka Hospital is a 2% sample of > 100,000 diarrhoeal patients treated annually. Data from the Matlab Hospital includes all diarrhoeal patients who hail from the villages included in the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Vibrio cholerae O139 was first isolated in Dhaka in 1993 and had been isolated every year since then except for a gap between 2005 and 2008. An average of thirteen isolates was detected annually from the Dhaka Hospital during the last ten years, yielding an estimated 650 cases annually at this hospital. During the last ten years, cases due to serogroup O139 represented 0.47% of all cholera cases; the others being due to serogroup O1. No cases with serogroup O139 were identified at Matlab since 2006. Clinical signs and symptoms of cholera due to serogroup O139 were similar to cases due to serogroup O1 though more of the O139 cases were not dehydrated. Most isolates of O139 remained sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, but they became resistant to erythromycin starting in 2009.

Conclusions/Significance
Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 continues to cause typical cholera in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality trends in Brazil 2000–2018
Authors: Moreira Patrícia Vasconcelos Leitão , de Arruda Neta Adélia da Costa Pereira , Ferreira Sara Silva , Ferreira Flávia Emília Leite Lima , de Lima Rafaela Lira Formiga Cavalcanti , de Toledo Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro , de Araújo Jevuks Matheus , de Alencar Rodrigues Rômulo Eufrosino , da Silva Neto José Moreira , O’Flaherty Martin 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To analyse the mortality rate trend due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the adult population in Brazil.

Methods
From 2000 to 2018, a time trend study with joinpoint regression was conducted among Brazilian men and women aged 35 years and over. Age-adjusted and age, sex specific CHD and stroke trend rate mortality were measured.

Results
Crude mortality rates from CHD decreased in both sexes and in all age groups, except for males over 85 years old with an increase of 1.78%. The most accentuated declining occurred for age range 35 to 44 years for both men (52.1%) and women (53.2%) due to stroke and in men (33%) due to CHD, and among women (32%) aged 65 to 74 years due to CHD. Age-adjusted mortality rates for CHD and stroke decreased in both sexes, in the period from 2000 to 2018. The average annual rate for CHD went from 97.09 during 2000–2008 to 78.75 during 2016–2018, whereas the highest percentage of change was observed during 2008 to 2013 (APC -2.5%; 95% CI). The average annual rate for stroke decreased from 104.96 to 69.93, between 2000–2008 and 2016–2018, and the highest percentage of change occurred during the periods from 2008 to 2013 and 2016 to 2018 (APC 4.7%; 95% CI).

Conclusion
The downward trend CHD and stroke mortality rates is continuing. Policy intervention directed to strengthen care provision and improve population diets and lifestyles might explain the continued progress, but there is no room for complacency.
The impact of community-based prevention on quality of life—The necessity to control for general health trends the Northern Sweden MONICA study in 2014
Authors: Spege Elin , Ek Kristina , Söderberg Stefan , Eliasson Mats 
Published: September 2021

Background
The Västerbotten intervention program (VIP), is a public health promotion program in northern Sweden with the aim of preventing cardiovascular disease. Positive effects have been reported although the evidence is not unequivocal. Since only historical controls have been used, effects from other sources than the program have largely been uncontrolled for and health related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been evaluated.

Purpose
By using the neighbouring county of Norrbotten (NB) as the reference population, we compare HRQoL in Västerbotten (VB) and in NB.

Methods
In 2014 the Northern Sweden survey, Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA), examined a random sample from the two counties. HRQoL was measured with the EQ-5D-3L. In total, 1112 subjects aged 40–74 years participated, 516 in VB and 594 in NB. Differences in mean QoL between VB and NB were analysed via Student’s t-test and the Pearson chi-square test.

Results
Average HRQoL measured by the EQ-5D-index was 0.798 in VB and 0.811 in NB, a difference of 0.013 (p = 0.2, CI -0.009 to 0.036). For subjects aged 45–54 years, the HRQoL was lower in VB than in NB, a difference of 0.048 (p = 0.041; CI 0.002 to 0.0094). Men had higher HRQoL than women, and university educated had higher HRQoL than those without university education. EQ-VAS showed similar results. Subjects from NB and from VB did not differ regarding age, gender and level of education. In NB, HRQoL decrease with age, a pattern not seen in VB.

Conclusions
We found similar levels of HRQoL in VB and in NB.
Inhibition of ADAM10 ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac remodeling by suppressing N-cadherin cleavage
Authors: Li Xiaoou , Pan Feng , He Bing , Fang Chengzhi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present research was designed to examine the effects of disintegrin metalloproteinases 10 (ADAM10) on the doxorubicin (DOX)-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the mechanisms involved, with a focus on ADAM10-dependent cleavage of N-cadherin. The present study constructed recombinant lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the ADAM10 gene. H9C2 cells were treated with the recombinant lentivirus or GI254023 (an ADAM10 inhibitor). The expression level of N-cadherin and its C-terminal fragment1 (CTF1) was tested by western blotting and flow cytometry. The adhesion ability was analyzed using a plate adhesion model. Cardiac function and morphology were assessed in control and lentivirus-transfected rats with or without DOX treatment. The inhibition of ADAM10 activity significantly increased the expression of full-length N-cadherin on the cellular surface and reduced CTF1 generation in vivo and in vitro. The adhesion ability was also increased in ADAM10-knockdown H9C2 cells. Furthermore, DOX-induced myocardial dysfunction was ameliorated in rats transfected with ADAM10-shRNA lentivirus. These findings demonstrated that ADAM10 specifically cleaves N-cadherin in cardiomyocytes. ADAM10-induced N-cadherin cleavage results in changes in the adhesive behavior of cells. Therefore, ADAM10 may serve as a therapeutic target to reverse cardiac remodeling in DCM.
3D host cell and pathogen-based bioassay development for testing anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug response and modeling immunodeficiency
Authors: Mukundan Shilpaa , Bhatt Rachana , Lucas John , Tereyek Matthew , Chang Theresa L. , Subbian Selvakumar , Parekkadan Biju 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health threat that affects 10 million people worldwide. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the major contributors to the reactivation of asymptomatic latent tuberculosis (LTBI). Over the recent years, there has been a significant focus in developing in-vitro 3D models mimicking early events of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis, especially formation of the granuloma. However, these models are low throughput and require extracellular matrix. In this article, we report the generation of a matrix-free 3D model, using THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage cells and mCherry-expressing Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacilli Camille Guérin), henceforth referred as 3D spheroids, to study the host cell-bacterial interactions. Using mCherry-intensity-based tracking, we monitored the kinetics of BCG growth in the 3D spheroids. We also demonstrate the application of the 3D spheroids for testing anti-TB compounds such as isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), as well as a host-directed drug, everolimus (EVR) as single and combinational treatments. We further established a dual infection 3D spheroid model by coinfecting THP-1 macrophages with BCG mCherry and pseudotype HIV. In this HIV-TB co-infection model, we found an increase in BCG mCherry growth within the 3D spheroids infected with HIV pseudotype. The degree of disruption of the granuloma was proportional to the virus titers used for co-infection. In summary, this 3D spheroid assay is an useful tool to screen anti-TB response of potential candidate drugs and can be adopted to model HIV-TB interactions.
Reinstatement of Indian Ocean Porolithon coarctatum and P. gardineri based on sequencing type specimens, and P. epiphyticum
sp. nov. (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), with comments on subfamilies Hydrolithoideae and Metagoniolithoideae
Authors: Richards Joseph L. , Saunders Gary W. , Hughey Jeffery R. , Gabrielson Paul W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Partial rbcL sequences were obtained from the type specimens of Lithophyllum coarctatum and L. gardineri. Both species were variably assigned to either Hydrolithon or Porolithon during the last two centuries, with L. coarctatum, from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean currently considered a synonym of L. gardineri from the tropical western Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses show that both belong in Porolithon and that they are distinct species despite their morpho-anatomical similarities, including a columnar morphology. Porolithon epiphyticum
sp. nov., from the same locality as P. coarctatum, Cocos-Keeling Islands, is the first reported epiphytic species in the genus. Eight of the currently recognized 15 species of Porolithon have had their type specimens sequenced to correctly apply names, including the generitype specimen. DNA sequencing provides independent confirmation that the morpho-anatomical character of the presence of horizontal fields of trichocytes without intervening vegetative cells is diagnostic for Porolithon. The generitypes of the four genera classified in the subfamily Metagoniolithoideae, Dawsoniolithon, Floiophycus, Harveylithon, and Metagoniolithon as well as Hydrolithon in the subfamily Hydrolithoideae, have not been sequenced. The taxonomic and nomenclatural uncertainties in each of these genera are discussed.
Lessons in clinical reasoning ‒ pitfalls, myths, and pearls: a case of confusion, disequilibrium, and “picking at the air”
Authors: Magee Charles D. , Parsons Andrew S. , Millard Alexander S. , Torre Dario 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Defects in human cognition commonly result in clinical reasoning failures that can lead to diagnostic errors.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old female was brought to the emergency department with 4–5 days of confusion, disequilibrium resulting in several falls, and hallucinations. Further investigation revealed tachycardia, diaphoresis, mydriatic pupils, incomprehensible speech and she was seen picking at the air. Given multiple recent medication changes, there was initial concern for serotonin syndrome vs. an anticholinergic toxidrome. She then developed a fever, marked leukocytosis, and worsening encephalopathy. She underwent lumbar puncture and aspiration of an identified left ankle effusion. Methicillin sensitive staph aureus (MSSA) grew from blood, joint, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures within 18 h. She improved with antibiotics and incision, drainage, and washout of her ankle by orthopedic surgery.

Conclusions
Through integrated commentary on the diagnostic reasoning process from clinical reasoning experts, this case underscores how multiple cognitive biases can cascade sequentially, skewing clinical reasoning toward erroneous conclusions and driving potentially inappropriate testing and treatment. A fishbone diagram is provided to visually demonstrate the major factors that contributed to the diagnostic error. A case discussant describes the importance of structured reflection, a tool to promote metacognitive analysis, and the application of knowledge organization tools such as illness scripts to navigate these cognitive biases.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antigen electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to RT-PCR assay for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Peshawar
Authors: Iqbal Bilal , Khan Maria , Shah Noman , Dawood Mirza Muhammad , Jehanzeb Valeed , Shafi Mohsin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Antigen based rapid diagnostic tests possesses a potential to be utilized along with Gold standard methods to detect Covid-19 infection to cope with the demand of testing. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of electrochemiluminescence based automated antigen detection immunoassay comparing with molecular based test RT-PCR (Covid-19).

Methods
It was a cross-sectional study conducted in RMI Peshawar, from 1st April 2021 till 30th April 2021. The study comprised 170 individuals who were suspected of having Covid-19. Nasopharyngeal samples taken from suspected individuals were analyzed by RT-PCR and automated antigen test (Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) simultaneously. The correlation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen with PCR positive and negative cases was analyzed for specificity, sensitivity respectively.

Results
The ECLIA based Elecsys antigen test (Roche) revealed overall sensitivity 72%, specificity 95% and accuracy of 94.9%. Sensitivity of antigen test progressively declined from 94.3% in Ct <25 to 70.8% in Ct 26–29 and then to 47.2% in Ct 30–35.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of our study we conclude that automated antigen testing (Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Antigen) cannot replace molecular based testing like RT PCR. Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Ag test should be used complementary to RT-PCR in testing algorithms. Frequent testing strategy should be adopted while using automated antigen testing to overcome its limitation in individuals with low viral loads.
Design of production lines and logistic flows in production
Authors: Molnár Vieroslav , Cempírek Václav , Turek Michal , Fiala David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study deals with the topic of the implementation of modern production methods with emphasis on the solution of a new production with the utilization of lean principles and respecting the limiting conditions of the production company. In the summary, an economic assessment of the designed concept using the Lean Method is presented. The outcomes of the researched problem are a performed analysis, its acceptance of the user and the acceptance of the designed concept of the new production line.
Effects of cryogenic treatment and interface modifications of basalt fibre on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: Deng Hai , Wei Xinpei , Wang Chao , Yang Jinghao , Li Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although natural fibre-based thermoplastic composites (NFCs) have the advantages of environmental compatibility and low cost, their mechanical properties are still relatively poor. Hybridization with basalt fibres (BFs) can broaden the industrial applications of NFCs. Hybrid composites were manufactured by means of interlayer hybrid reinforcement; that is, the hybrid composites were prepared by the lamination moulding of BF prepregs and hemp/polylactide fibre (HF/PLA) felts. The effects of cryogenic treatment and interfacial modification in BF hybridization on the mechanical properties of HF/PLA composites were investigated. The study revealed that the hybridization of BFs with hemp fibres (HFs) significantly increased the mechanical properties of composites, and the cryogenic treatment and interface modification of BFs also improved the performance of hybrid composites. Compared with those of untreated BF-reinforced composites (UBF/HF/PLA), the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength were increased by approximately 28.5% (120.82 MPa), 44.6% (90.29 MPa), and 192.1% (61.0 kJ/m2), respectively.
Phyto-fabrication of selenium nanorods using extract of pomegranate rind wastes and their potentialities for inhibiting fish-borne pathogens
Authors: Gad Hend A. , Tayel Ahmed A. , Al-Saggaf Mohammed S. , Moussa Shaaban H. , Diab Amany M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The invasion of fish/seafoods by zoonotic pathogens causes health threats to humans. Plant derivatives and phytosynthesized nanometals could promisingly overcome bacterial infections/contaminations. The extract of pomegranate rinds (PRE) was innovatively employed for biosynthesizing selenium nanorods (Se-NRs). These agents were assessed as antibacterial candidates against diverse fish-borne pathogenic species (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis). The PRE-synthesized Se-NRs, within 60 min of contact, were negatively charged (‒32 mV) and had mean diameter of 62.31 nm and length range of 443.5–1236.9 nm. The designated infrared spectra for PRE and PRE/Se-NRs composite validated the biosynthesis, bonding, and interactions of the nanocomposite. The antibacterial potentialities of PRE, phytosynthesized Se-NRs, and PRE/Se-NRs composite was confirmed toward the entire challenged pathogens; S. aureus had the highest resistance (with inhibitory concentrations of 72.5, 60.0, and 55.0 mg/L, respectively) and S. paucimobilis was the most sensitive (with inhibitory concentrations of 55.0, 45.0, and 42.5 mg/L, respectively). The ultrastructure of the treated S. paucimobilis with PRE/Se-NRs emphasized the composite potentiality for deforming/distorting cells within 4 h and causing full cells’ destruction and deformation within 8 h of exposure. The PRE-phytosynthesized Se-NRs are advocated as potent antibacterial products against fish-borne pathogens for decontaminating fisheries farms and products.