bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СУДЕБНАЯ СИСТЕМА В МАССОВОМ СОЗНАНИИ РОССИЯН
Authors: Латышева Анна Трофимовна , Самыгин Петр Сергеевич , Самыгин Сергей Иванович 
Published: February 2025

Целью исследования выступает анализ отношения россиян к современной судебной системе в комплексе с определением факторов его формирования и перспектив повышения доверия представителей различных групп населения к судам.
Методологическую базу составляют принципы диалектического подхода, позволившего рассмотреть судебную систему в ее становлении и развитии, а также показать диалектическую связь судебной власти и представлений о ней в массовом сознании. Эмпирическая основа исследования включает материалы социологических исследований, проведенных крупнейшими российскими научными организациями и посвященных отношению представителей различных групп населения к судебной системе, уровню доверию граждан к разным судебным инстанциям.
Результаты исследования. Отечественная судебная система в настоящее время не пользуется доверием у абсолютного большинства российских граждан, что имеет следствием ориентацию на внесудебные способы разрешения конфликтов и споров. Опыт обращения в судебные инстанции выступает в настоящее время в качестве одного из факторов, усиливающих отрицательное отношение к судам в нашей стране: люди, которым пришлось непосредственно взаимодействовать с судебной системой, оценивают ее более негативно, чем те, кто никогда не сталкивался с работой судов. В качестве основных причин, детерминирующих низкий уровень доверия граждан к судебной власти, выделяются присущая отечественным судам коррумпированность, волокита, зависимость судов от деятельности исполнительных органов, отсутствие какой-либо ответственности или наказания судей за вынесенные ими заведомо неправосудные решения, а также невозможность добиться справедливости в суде. Повышению эффективности деятельности судов будут способствовать введение действенных процедур привлечения к ответственности представителей судейского корпуса в случае вынесения ими заведомо неправосудных решений, введение выборности судей, участие гражданского общества в оценке деятельности лиц, занимающих соответствующие должности, более активное вовлечение граждан в судопроизводство, повышение требований, предъявляемым к претендентам на судейские должности.
Перспективу исследования составляет углубленный анализ основных факторов, формирующих отношение россиян к судебной системе, а также определение перспективных направлений государственной политики, направленной на повышение уровня доверия к судам.
Transnational Commercial Law and Lex Mercatoria: In Place of Each Other or Along with Each Other?
Authors: Fonotova O. V. 
Published: February 2025

The expressions «lex mercatoria» and «transnational commercial law» are often used in the literature of international commercial law as synonymous and interchangeable concepts. Arguing the fallacy of this approach, the author delineates these categories on the basis of a comparative analysis of the corresponding theoretical concepts, normative acts and examined the significance of each of the legal complexes under consideration. The paper justifies that in normative terms lex mercatoria consists of general principles of law and unwritten international trade customs. Such regulators are formed spontaneously in cross-border commercial practice, and their identification is of some complexity. Transnational commercial law includes specified unwritten sources attributed to lex mercatoria. At the same time, it also includes written sources created by the deliberate efforts of non-state actors, namely: international conventions and treaties (for example, the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980), acts of international private law unification with generally recognized normative force (Principles of International Commercial Treaties of UNIDROIT, Incoterms, Unified Rules and Customs for Documentary Letters of Credit, etc.), recommendation documents created by international organizations and communities of merchants that are not characterized by regularity (model laws, guidelines, recommendations, model terms of contracts, reservations, etc.); international commercial arbitration practice and doctrine. Sources of transnational commercial law can be represented in the form of a hierarchical structure, with the general principles of law at the top. The elements of the structure (sources of transnational commercial law) are in close cooperation and affect each other.
A Fine as a Type and Measure of Punishment for Unconditional Crimes of Corruption
Authors: Ivanova A. A. 
Published: February 2025

The paper examines a fine as a type of criminal punishment and a measure of a criminal legal nature in relation to corrupt practices. Unconditional crimes form a «core» corruption crime, which is considered to be the primary object of the state anti-corruption policy. A brief historical insight and analysis of changes in the modern criminal legislation of the Russian Federation related to the introduction of new types of fines — multiple and court, allowed us to identify the main trends in anti-corruption policy. A multiple fine is fully consistent with its spirit and goals, therefore it can be considered as an indicator of its further development. The paper presents and vividly demonstrates the results of a study of judicial practice regarding the application of various types of fines for unconditional corruption crimes for the period 2019–2023, the results of a survey of convicted respondents and judges during a criminological study conducted by the author as part of an interregional research team in 2018–2020. It is shown that the legal norms governing the type, method of calculation and the amount of the fine are quite flexible. Gaps in legislation have been identified related to the types of punishments and ways to determine their amounts in the sanctions of the analyzed articles, with various types of fines and options for calculating them, and with the lack of clear criteria for replacing fines with other types of punishment. The difficulties in imposing a fine by a law enforcement officer are shown. The lack of uniformity in judicial practice has been demonstrated, which does not fully achieve the objectives of the fine. The conclusion is made about the insufficient effectiveness and preventive function of the fine. The proposals aimed at eliminating gaps in legislation are substantiated.
Calibration of the Strain Amplitude Recorded with DAS Using a Strainmeter Array
Authors: Forbriger Thomas , Karamzadeh Nasim , Azzola Jérôme , Gaucher Emmanuel , Widmer-Schnidrig Rudolf , Rietbrock Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The power of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) lies in its ability to sample deformation signals along an optical fiber at hundreds of locations with only one interrogation unit (IU). Whereas the IU is calibrated to record “fiber strain,” the properties of the cable and its coupling to the rock control the “strain transfer rate” and hence how much of “rock strain” is represented in the recorded signal. We use DAS recordings in an underground installation near an array of strainmeters to calibrate the “strain transfer rate” in situ, using earthquake signals between 0.05 and 0.1 Hz. A tight-buffered cable and a standard loose-tube telecommunication cable (running in parallel) are used, where a section of both cables loaded down by loose sand and sandbags is compared to a section, where cables are just unreeled on the floor. The “strain transfer rate” varies between 0.13 and 0.53 depending on cable and installation type. The sandbags show no obvious effect and the tight-buffered cable generally provides a larger “strain transfer rate.” Calibration of the “strain transfer rate” with respect to the strainmeter does not depend on wave propagation parameters. Hence, it is applicable to the large-amplitude surface-wave signal in a strain component almost perpendicular to the great-circle direction for which a waveform comparison with seismometer data does not work. The noise background for “rock strain” in the investigated band is found at about a root mean square-amplitude of 0.1 nstrain in 1/6 decade for the tight-buffered cable. This allows a detection of marine microseisms at times of high microseism amplitude.
Features of Evaluating Renal Diffusion-Weighted Images and ASL-Perfusion Results in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Shkuratov Yu. Yu. , Morozova T. G. 
Published: February 2025

Objective: to evaluate the features of renal diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion results in acute kidney injury (AKI).Material and methods. In the intensive care unit of Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Smolensk), 58 AKI patients were examined from 2021 to 2024. All patients underwent renal magnetic resonance imaging for 1–3 days with the inclusion of DWI sequences and ASL perfusion as well as ultrasound dopplerography. The control group was formed from 55 healthy volunteers to standardize the obtained results.Results. The data were analyzed in comparison with AKI causal factor. The statistical results had cut-off thresholds that allowed predicting the cause of AKI, but a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative criterion of renal ASL perfusion, qualitative and quantitative criteria of DWI (r=0.947) was required. ASL perfusion indicators for all etiological causes were statistically significant in comparison with the normal ones (r=0.995). The determination of AKI causal factor was important for the subsequent management of patients: for a prerenal cause, active administration of plasma-substituting solutions, and for a renal one, restrictive infusion therapy tactics were needed. It was also noted that an increase in kidney ASL perfusion values had a positive effect on clinical and laboratory picture of AKI patients (r=0.903).Conclusion. The feature of joint application of renal DWI and ASL perfusion in AKI is the comprehensive assessment of qualitative and quantitative criteria according to DWI data, and quantitative criterion according to ASL perfusion data. In assessing DWI, color mapping should be used. The complex results of renal DWI and ASL perfusion allow predicting AKI cause.
Special Issue on Soft Mechanisms and Soft Elements
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke ,   Editorial Office, Nakamura Taro , Wakimoto Shuichi , Takaiwa Masahiro 
Published: February 2025

Research on various types of soft robots has been conducted recently. Soft robots with flexible mechanisms are expected to contribute significantly to the development of robotics, not only in industrial applications but also in various other applications, such as those involving robot-human interactions. Flexible mechanisms cannot necessarily be realized using flexible materials alone; they can also be realized by adopting new approaches to conventional mechanisms. It is also desirable for sensors and other components to be flexible so that they do not reduce the flexibility of the mechanism. The development of these mechanisms and elemental technologies will lead to further development of soft robots.
This special issue will feature papers on the structures and applications of soft mechanisms and elements as well as on design and analysis methods and control techniques.
WITHDRAWN: Favipiravir-induced bradycardia: A case report
Authors: Kashefizadeh Alireza , Ohadi Laya , Amiri Farbod , Abdolmaleki Maryam , Eslami Vahid , Fesharaki Mehrdad Jafari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

19 February, 2025. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint as the content was [published in a journal](https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.9052) prior to preprinting.
Field evaluation of the Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan Rapid Diagnostic Test: Causes of Microscopy Discordance and Performance in Uganda
Authors: Kabbale Kisakye Diana , Nsengimaana Bienvenu , Semakuba Francis D. , Kagurusi Brian A. , Mwubaha Caroline , Wiringilimaana Innocent , Katairo Thomas , Kiyaga Shahiid , Mbabazi Monica , Gonahasa Samuel , Kamya Moses R. , Tukwasibwe Stephen , Nsobya Sam L. , Asua Victor , Jjingo Daudi , Agaba Bosco , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Opigo Jimmy , Hilton Kylie , Staedke Sarah G. , Dorsey Grant , Conrad Melissa D. , Greenhouse Bryan , Ssewanyana Isaac , Briggs Jessica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Histidine Rich Protein 2 (HRP2)/pan-Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) combination Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) may address the shortcomings of RDTs that detect HRP2 alone. However, the relative contribution of the possible causes of discordant results (RDT-negative and microscopy-positive) and performance in field settings are poorly quantified.
Methods:
This study utilized samples from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 32 districts at 64 sites across Uganda between November 2021 and March 2023 that enrolled 6354 febrile participants ≥ two years of age. Discordant samples (negative by HRP2/pLDH RDT and positive by microscopy) underwent quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect and quantify parasitemia. Those confirmed to be positive for P. falciparum at > 1 parasites/microliter (p/µL) were tested for pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions using digital PCR. Those that were negative or had P. falciparum detected at ≤ 1 p/µL underwent Plasmodium species testing using nested PCR. The performance of the Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan combination RDT was evaluated by comparison with microscopy and qPCR.
Results:
There were 166 (8.4%) discordant samples out of 1988 microscopy positive samples. Of these, 90/166 (54.2%) were confirmed to contain P. falciparum at levels > 1 p/µL whereas 76/166 (45.8%) were negative or had P. falciparum levels ≤ 1 p/µL. Only one P. falciparum positive sample was confirmed to have a deletion in pfhrp3. The primary reasons for RDT-negative, microscopy-positive discordance in samples testing negative for P. falciparum were non-falciparum species (37/76, 48.7%) or false positives by microscopy (31/76, 40.8%). The sensitivity of the Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan combination RDT was high (> 91%) using either microscopy or qPCR as the gold standard. However, specificity was low (56.7%) when microscopy was used as the gold standard; it improved to 64.0% when qPCR was used as the gold standard.
Conclusion:
The Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan combination RDT was found to be highly sensitive in Uganda and reliable for ruling out malaria. False negative RDT results were primarily due to low density P. falciparum infections, non-falciparum infections, or incorrect microscopy results. In contrast, false positive RDT results were common due to persistent antigenemia; this may result in overuse of antimalarial drugs and missed diagnoses of non-malarial febrile illnesses.
Ultra-low-input rG4-seq reveals the RNA G-quadruplex regulome in gene expression and genome integrity
Authors: Sun Qing-Yuan , Meng Tie-Gang , Yue Wei , Li Chao , Gao Di , Zongchang DU , Yi Litao , Liu Shu-Chen , Xu Ke , Lu You-Hui , Guo Jia-Ni , Ma Xue-Shan , Zhou Chang-Yin , Ju Zhenyu , Luo Shi-Ming , Su Ruibao , Ou Xiang-Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s), formed through guanine self-recognition into stacked tetrads, serve as critical regulators of gene expression, yet their comprehensive mapping and dynamic regulation in physiological contexts remain technically challenging. Here we develop Ultra-low-input rG4-seq (ULI-rG4-seq), enabling precise rG4 detection in samples as small as 100 oocytes, and reveal notable enrichment of rG4s near crucial regulatory regions, particularly transcription start sites and end sites. This technological advance, combined with oocyte-specific knockout or Trim-away of DHX36 (an rG4 helicase), reveals acute and chronic loss of DHX36 leads to opposing effects on rG4 levels. This observation extends beyond the traditional view of helicases as unwinding enzymes and suggests sophisticated cellular mechanisms maintaining RNA structural homeostasis. Through integrated analysis of rG4 landscapes and DHX36 binding profiles, we demonstrate coordination between cytoplasmic rG4 regulation and nuclear gene expression, revealing how RNA structure dynamics orchestrate RNA stability and translation, thereby influencing transcriptional elongation, genome stability, and alternative splicing. Finally, we show that deletion of DHX36 resulted in decreased oocyte quality, premature ovarian failure and complete female infertility due to transcriptional defects and genome instability related to R-loop accumulation. These technological and conceptual advances not only deepen our understanding of RNA-based regulation but also open new therapeutic possibilities for diseases involving RNA structure.
Evaluation of Urban Tree Species for Air Pollution Control: Integrating Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), Anticipated Performance Index (API), and Socioeconomic Value in Ghana’s Central Region
Authors: Nkansah Francis Kwaku , Belford Ebenezer J. D. , Hogarh Jonathan Nartey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Air pollution presents serious concerns to urbanized environments, necessitating the exploration of tree species capable of minimizing its affects. This study assessed the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of four common tree species, Albizia lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Khaya senegalensis, and Senna siamea along three major highways and a control road in the central region of Ghana. Physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content (RWC), leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid content, and total chlorophyll, were analyzed to calculate APTI, while API incorporated morphological and socioeconomic traits. One-way ANOVA and correlation matrices, were employed to evaluate variations across roads and relationships among some parameters. All the tree plants were classified as pollution-sensitive (APTI < 10), with Senna siamea showing relatively higher tolerance. Azadirachta indica exhibited significant resilience with consistent RWC and chlorophyll levels, earning the highest API score (81.25%) and an "Excellent" performance rating. In contrast, Albizia lebbeck showed significant reductions in chlorophyll and pH under polluted conditions, highlighting its potential as a bioindicator. These findings underscore the importance of integrating physiological, morphological, and socioeconomic criteria in urban tree selection. Azadirachta indica emerged as an ideal candidate for urban greenbelt development due to its adaptability and ecological benefits, while Albizia lebbeck and Senna siamea are valuable for bioindication of air pollution. This study provides a robust framework for sustainable urban greening and pollution mitigation in tropical regions. Further studies should include additional tree species and locations for a broader ecological perspective.
Pharmacist-led prescription writing educational intervention to final-year medical students: A pre-post nonrandomised longitudinal study
Authors: Mokrzecki Sophie , Gupta Tarun Sen , Pain Tilley , Perks Stephen , Mallett Andrew J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The skill of writing a medication prescription is multifaceted, incorporating multiple layers and dimensions. Prescribing is a competency expected of all junior doctors, however, many medical students feel a lack of preparedness and confidence to complete a medication prescription once graduated. Teaching the practical and clinical components separately may enhance understanding of the practical skill of prescribing prior to integrating the clinical knowledge to complete a medication prescription.
The primary objective of this study is to determine if pharmacist-led multimodal education interventions change the prescribing skills of Australian final-year medical students. Our secondary aim is to review knowledge retention of prescribing skills in these same participants a year later as junior doctors. Thirdly, we aim to determine if there is an association between participants’ self-perceived confidence to prescribe and their practical ability to write safe and legal prescriptions. This manuscript will describe in detail the methods of this novel longitudinal study.
Methods
This is a nonrandomised pre-post longitudinal study to be conducted in two phases. The control for the study is students receiving curricula-based education throughout their medical degree. The intervention is pharmacist-led multimodal education (face-to-face, case-based learning with hands on experiences, online module, and placement) on prescription writing skills to final-year medical students.
This study has been approved by the James Cook University Human Research Ethics Committee (H9114).
Discussion
This paper presents the methods and protocol of an approved and funded nonrandomised longitudinal study to investigate the potential of pharmacist educators to durably improve prescribing knowledge and skills amongst Australian final year medical students. Prescribing skills education for medical students may reduce the probability of potential incorrect or unsafe prescribing habits as junior doctors. Education standards do not acknowledge adhering to local legal regulations when prescribing and do not recommend mandatory teaching or assessment criteria. This study will review the effectiveness and need for additional education on the practical skill of writing a medication prescription. If positive, the findings of this study will have practical and policy impacts that may result in long term improvement in safe medicines practice and ultimately benefit patient care.
Enhancing Brain Tumor Segmentation with Transformer-Based Models: A Study on the BraTS 2020 Dataset
Authors: Osei Isaac , Hayfron-Acquah James Ben , Asante Michael , Appiah Benjamin , Owusu-Agyemang Kwabena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Accurate segmentation of brain tumors from medical images is crucial for clin- ical diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcome prediction. While the UNet architecture has long been a standard in biomedical image segmentation, recent advancements in transformer-based models have opened new possibilities for improving segmentation performance. This study conducts a comparative analysis of three models for brain tumor segmentation: Standard 3D UNet, Swin Transformer-Enhanced 3D UNet, and Detection Transformer-Enhanced 3D UNet. The BraTS 2020 dataset is utilized to train and evaluate these mod- els. Experimental results reveal that the Detection Transformer-Enhanced UNet achieves the highest segmentation accuracy, showcasing its ability to effectively capture long-range dependencies and complex features, surpassing both the stan- dard UNet and the Swin Transformer-Enhanced UNet. These findings highlight the potential of integrating transformer architectures to advance the state of medical image segmentation.