bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New York: Gateway to the East
Authors: Desser David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After a number of aborted attempts to secure distribution and exhibition in the West in the 1950s and 60s, producers of the Chinese cinema came to understand that film festival prizes, which had been the Japanese model, were not going to work for them. Instead, early attempts were made to break into the US market via an exhibition in New York. The commercial distribution of Hong Kong’s commercially-oriented martial arts movies in the 1970’s satisfied the long-standing desire of producer Run Run Shaw for success in the West, but hardly provided a similar opportunity for the more specialized auteur-cinema of the Mainland and Taiwan in the 1980s. Instead, the New York Film Festival emerged as the premier showcase for Fifth Generation Chinese filmmakers and the New Cinema of Taiwan, along with the Art cinema of Hong Kong’s Wong Kar-wai.
A Few Issues Surrounding Research into the General History of Chinese Film
Authors: Ding Yaping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The practice of film history highlights the value and significance of the researcher. A more comprehensive view of the situation of film history raises several issues. General research into the history of film is directly related to the production of film history. The question of how to reinvent general film history research is necessarily connected to ideologies, cultures, systems and concepts, as well as the broad scope and complexity of film history. Writing a general history of Chinese film demands a combination of innovation and continuing tradition, with an emphasis on the construction of a rational and scientific discipline of film history and historical empiricism. The aim should be a more rational history. The paper expresses my own thoughts and efforts with respect to relevant issues and attempts to deepen and open up general research into the history of Chinese film.
A proof of a conjecture by Jabara on groups in which all involutions are odd transpositions
Authors: Bettio Egle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that if 𝐺 is a group generated by elements of order two with the property that the product of any two such elements has order 1, 2, 3 or 5 with all possibilities occurring, then

G
≃

A
5

G\simeq A_{5}

or

G
≃

PSU
⁢

(
3
,
4
)

G\simeq\mathrm{PSU}(3,4)

.
This provides an affirmative answer to Problem 19.36 in the Kourovka notebook.
Error performance analysis of optical communication over Lognormal-Rician turbulence channel using Gram-Charlier Series
Authors: Miao Maoke , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the symbol-error rate (SER) performance of a coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system in lognormal-Rician turbulence channel is analyzed using the generalized Gram-Charlier (GCC) series. We proposed the differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve the parameters in GCC efficiently. It is shown that highly accurate closed-form SER expressions are obtained for M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) schemes with maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique. The asymptotic error rate analysis is presented to reveal the performance behavior in the high signal-to-noise (SNR) regime. The effects of imperfect phase noise compensation on the error rate performance are also studied, and it is found that the impact of phase compensation error can be small enough with loop SNR ρ

c
more than seven.
Specific Surface Area of Plastic Clays from Equilibrium Sediment Volume under Salt Environment
Authors: Das Dhanesh Sing , Venkata Tadikonda Bharat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Specific surface area is one of the crucial surface properties of clay soils. The surface area is used as the surrogate compatibility index and is related to many engineering properties of clays. Accurate estimation of the surface area, Sa, is essential for predicting the saturated and unsaturated characteristics of clays in engineering applications. A simple technique for a routine estimation of the surface area of plastic clays was developed based on the sediment volume in the salt environment. The method utilized equilibrium sediment volume measurement of clay soil in 0.1 N sodium chloride solution and used the theoretical equation for the surface area estimation, which accounts for both the surface and body forces. A comparative assessment of the proposed method with commonly used techniques on 12 clay soils is presented. The proposed method showed a good agreement, qualitatively, with the ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) and methylene blue methods for the studied soils. The estimated surface area by the proposed method was, however, higher than the existing two methods for the highly plastic clays, such as the bentonites. The relative merits of different methods are discussed in detail. The utilization of water as the probe molecule in the proposed method in a dispersed state of the swollen clay structure ensured greater accessibility to the internal surface. The proposed method was a quick and simple way to estimate the specific surface area of soil with great repeatability. The method is beneficial for routine practice to estimate the surface area of soils and should be readily adopted in the standard practice as an additional method.
Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channels in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and Activation of Dynorphin Input to the Median Preoptic Nucleus Contribute to Impaired BAT Thermogenesis in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Conceição Ellen P. S. , Reynolds Christian A. , Morrison Shaun F. , Madden Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impairment of cold-evoked activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) requires the activity of a vagal afferent to the medial nucleus of the solitary tract (mNTS). We determined the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation in the mNTS, and of a dynorphin input to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the impaired BAT thermogenic response to cold in HFD-fed rats. The levels of some linoleic acid (LA) metabolites, which can act as endogenous TRPV1 agonists, were elevated in the NTS of HFD rats compared with chow-fed rats. In HFD rats, nanoinjections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ) in the NTS rescued the impaired BAT sympathetic nerve activity (BAT SNA) and thermogenic responses to cold. In contrast, in chow-fed rats, cold-evoked BAT SNA and BAT thermogenesis were not changed by nanoinjections of CPZ into the NTS. Axon terminals of NTS neurons that project to the dorsal lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBd) were closely apposed to LPBd neurons that project to the MnPO. Many of the neurons in the LPBd that expressed c-fos during cold challenge were dynorphinergic. In HFD rats, nanoinjections of the κ opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), in the MnPO rescued the impaired BAT SNA and thermogenic responses to cold. These data suggest that HFD increases the content of endogenous ligands of TRPV1 in the NTS, which increases the drive to LPBd neurons that in turn release dynorphin in the MnPO to impair activation of BAT.
Differential Impact of Inhibitory G-Protein Signaling Pathways in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons on Behavioral Sensitivity to Cocaine and Morphine
Authors: DeBaker Margot C. , Marron Fernandez de Velasco Ezequiel , McCall Nora M. , Lee Anna M. , Wickman Kevin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrugs of abuse engage overlapping but distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms to enhance dopamine (DA) signaling in the mesocorticolimbic circuitry. DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are key substrates of drugs of abuse and have been implicated in addiction-related behaviors. Enhanced VTA DA neurotransmission evoked by drugs of abuse can engage inhibitory G-protein-dependent feedback pathways, mediated by GABABreceptors (GABABRs) and D2DA receptors (D2Rs). Chemogenetic inhibition of VTA DA neurons potently suppressed baseline motor activity, as well as the motor-stimulatory effect of cocaine and morphine, confirming the critical influence of VTA DA neurons and inhibitory G-protein signaling in these neurons on this addiction-related behavior. To resolve the relative influence of GABABR-dependent and D2R-dependent signaling pathways in VTA DA neurons on behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse, we developed a neuron-specific viral CRISPR/Cas9 approach to ablate D2R and GABABR in VTA DA neurons. Ablation of GABABR or D2R did not impact baseline physiological properties or excitability of VTA DA neurons, but it did preclude the direct somatodendritic inhibitory influence of GABABR or D2R activation. D2R ablation potentiated the motor-stimulatory effect of cocaine in male and female mice, whereas GABABR ablation selectively potentiated cocaine-induced activity in male subjects only. Neither D2R nor GABABR ablation impacted morphine-induced motor activity. Collectively, our data show that cocaine and morphine differ in the extent to which they engage inhibitory G-protein-dependent feedback pathways in VTA DA neurons and highlight key sex differences that may impact susceptibility to various facets of addiction.
Rechtsschutz bei Settlement-Verfahren der Europäischen Kommission
Authors: Bueren Eckart , Imgarten Nils 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das europäische Kartellvergleichs- oder Settlement-Verfahren kommt mittlerweile in jedem zweiten Kartellbußgeldverfahren zum Einsatz. Zudem hat es die Kommission auf weitere Bereiche übertragen. Fragen des Rechtsschutzes im Zusammenhang mit Settlement-Beschlüssen sind bislang gleichwohl kaum beleuchtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht systematisch Rechtsschutzfragen im Zusammenhang mit Settlements sowie die dazugehörige Rechtsprechung. Während der Befund zum Rechtsschutz der Adressaten überzeugt, zeigen sich bei hybriden Verfahren rechtsstaatliche Defizite, die Anlass zu Verbesserungsvorschlägen geben.
Verbraucherschutz und Digitalisierung: Ausgewählte Problemfelder und aktuelle Themen in der digitalen Welt
Authors: Kenning Peter , Zimmermann-Janssen Vita E. M. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung stellt auch die Verbraucherpolitik und den Verbraucherschutz vor Herausforderungen. Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, diese Herausforderungen zu strukturieren und anhand dreier aktueller Problembereiche zu diskutieren. Ein übergreifendes Ergebnis der Diskussion ist, dass eine zukunftsgerichtete Verbraucherpolitik über den klassischen Verbraucherschutz hinausgehen und eine Perspektivenerweiterung erfahren sollte. Ein wesentliches Element einer in diesem Sinne modernen Verbraucherpolitik wäre es, die Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher stärker noch als bisher als aktive Akteure des Wirtschaftslebens zu verstehen.
Die Facebook-Entscheidung des BGH – ein neuer Kompass für die Missbrauchskontrolle?
Authors: Nagel Stephan Manuel , Horn Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Facebook-Entscheidung des BGH enthält wichtige Aussagen zum Ausbeutungsmissbrauch, zu den Anforderungen an die Kausalität beim Ausbeutungsmissbrauch und zum Behinderungsmissbrauch, denen erhebliche Bedeutung weit über den Fall hinaus zukommen wird. Zudem betrifft die Entscheidung die im Fokus von Gesetzgebern und Wettbewerbsbehörden stehenden digitalen Märkte mit ihrer massenhaften Verarbeitung und Nutzung personenbezogener Daten. Indem der BGH seine Entscheidung – anders als das Bundeskartellamt – nicht auf datenschutzrechtliche Erwägungen stützt, sondern auf eine aufgedrängte, entgeltliche Leistungserweiterung zieht er ein originär kartellrechtliches Konzept heran. Und indem der BGH – anders als das OLG Düsseldorf – von einer wettbewerblichen Dimension des Falls ausgeht und hierauf stützend die Entscheidung des Bundeskartellamts im Ergebnis aufrechterhält, zeigt er, dass das Kartellrecht datengetriebenen Geschäftsmodellen Grenzen setzt.
Depression and anxiety symptoms associated with internet gaming disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Authors: Teng Zhaojun , Pontes Halley M. , Nie Qian , Griffiths Mark D. , Guo Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted aspects of human life globally. Playing videogames has been encouraged by several organizations to help individuals cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures. This longitudinal study was the first to examine gaming in the context of the pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,778 children and adolescents (50.7% male) who were part of the Project of School Mental Health in Southwest China. Data were collected at two-time intervals: before the COVID-19 pandemic (October to November 2019 – [T1]) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April to May 2020 – [T2]). Data were collected on perceived COVID-19 impacts, videogame use, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Cross-lagged panel models were computed to examine longitudinal relationships.ResultsThe results indicated that both videogame use and IGD increased significantly for adolescents at T2. The cross-lagged panel model results suggested that depressive and anxiety symptoms at T1 positively predicted IGD and videogame use at T2 (especially for boys), but not inversely. Perceived COVID-19 impacts mediated the relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms at T1 and IGD at T2.ConclusionChildren and adolescents both increased videogame use at T2, but only adolescents significantly increased IGD severity at T2. The findings supported the compensatory hypothesis, and are consistent with the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model as individual responses to COVID-19 may function as a mediator between personal predisposing variables and IGD.
Silene thymifolia Sibth. et Sm. (Caryophyllaceae) – A vulnerable species in Romania: Anatomical aspects of vegetative organs
Authors: JIANU Loreley D. , BERCU Rodica , POPOVICIU Dan R. 
Published: March 2021

Silene thymifolia (Caryophyllaceae) is considered a rare, near-threatened species in Romania, growing only on Black Sea coastal dunes. Anatomical aspects of the root, stem and leaf of this species are presented in this study. Root, stem and leaves were analysed by brightfield microscopy, with specific staining. The root in cross section exhibited a secondary structure, generated by the activity of phellogen, and vascular cambium, with thick cork, continuous secondary xylem rings. no pith rays, but with cortical air lacunes. The stem had a primary structure with a number of collateral vascular bundles arranged on a single circle, with thick cortical schlerenchymal layers and oxalate crystals in pith cells. The epidermis showed stomata and glandular hairs. The leaf was amphystomatic leaf, with a heterogeneous mesophyll (equifacial type) and embedded vascular bundles, with a rounded mid rib surrounded by a parenchyma sheath. The spongy tissue has some large intercellular air spaces with druses. The mechanical tissue is well developed in the root and stem and poorly developed, represented by few collenchyma elements in the mesophyll, being represented by a continuous schlerenchyma fibers band present in root and stem and collenchyma in the leaf. The secretory histological elements were represented by epidermal glandular hairs and oxaliferous cells (druses) present in stem and leaf.
Health risk assessment and heavy metal bioaccumulation in vegetables irrigated with waste water in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: HABU M. A. , BAWA Usman , MUSA Saheed I. 
Published: March 2021

Intake of vegetables grown in heavy metals contaminated soils is one of the most common food chain routes for exposure of human. For this purpose, this research aimed at evaluating the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium-Cd, lead-Pb and zinc-Zn) in vegetables such as spinach (S), lettuce (L), and onion (O), irrigated with two different wastewater sources in Kano State Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric analysis (AAS) was used in this research to determine the metal levels. Zn (0.17-0.12 mg/l) was detected in the wastewater, as well as in the irrigated soil (8.36-33.64 mg/kg), while Cd and Pb were not detected in both the wastewater and irrigated soils. Furthermore, between (1.50-27.05 mg/kg) of Zn was detected in the assayed vegetables (S, L and O). However, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the Zn content of the two wastewater sites. Lactuca sativa was observed to have the highest Zn concentration (27.5 mg/kg) in site A, while Spinacia oleracea had the lowest Zn concentration (1.5 mg/kg). Zn levels in all the samples analysed in this study were below the permissible limit of 100 mg/kg in vegetables, 50 mg/kg in soil and 5mg/l in wastewater set by FAO/WHO. However, Pb and Cd were not detected in all the samples. Bioaccumulation factor was found ranging from 0.32-41.17 mg/kg and the pollution index ranged from (0.46-1.80 µg g-1). This indicated potential health risk from Zn in people who are consuming these vegetables for long period of time due to biomagnification. This research suggested that frequent test should be carried out to monitor the accumulation and, farmers should be sensitized on the importance of treating irrigation water before agricultural usage.
The Retrospective Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases in Aydin Adnan Menderes University Research and Training Hospital Parasitology Laboratory
Authors: YILDIZ İbrahim , MALATYALİ Erdogan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most common form of Leishmania infection, is endemic in our country. The study aimed to evaluate CL casesnand infection-related factors in the last six years in Aydin Adnan Menderes University Research and Training Hospital Parasitology Laboratory.
Material and Methods: Our study included CL cases in Aydin Adnan Menderes University Research and Training Hospital Parasitology Laboratory from January 2015 to October 2020. The definitive diagnosis of CL was performed with direct microscopy (DM) or culture. Demographic characteristics of the
cases (gender, age and residence), and localization, number, duration of skin lesions, period of diagnosis was analysed.
Results: In the last six years, 79 cases were diagnosed with CL, 42 (53.2%) were male, and 37 (46.8%) were female. The average age of cases was 37.4±23.3, most (55.7%) live in rural areas, and immigrants from Syria accounted 15.2% of the cases. Most lesions were on face (63.3%) and average period from lesion
and diagnosis was 3.6±2.7 months. Positive results were obtained with both methods 59 (74.7%) of the cases, 16 (25.3%) with culture method, and four (5%) with DM.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that CL is still an important public health problem for Aydin. In addition, immigrants from Syria may have a role in the spread of the disease. It is thought that it is necessary to use culture method in addition to DM in the laboratory diagnosis of the disease.
Kardiyoloji Hekimlerinin İskemik Koroner Arter Hastalığının Değerlendirilmesinde Nükleer Tıp Tetkikleri ile İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: SALAN Ahmet , AKSU Ekrem 
Published: March 2021

Giriş:MPS'ninKAH'ta önemli bir yer tutan kullanımı nedeni ile kardiyoloji ve nükleer tıp hekimlerinin daha uyumlu bir çalışma ortamını yakalayabilmeleri için kardiyologların bu alandaki nükleer tıp tetkiklerine bakış açıları ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Metod:1 Aralık 2019-30 Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Kahramanmaraş'taki 21 kardiyoloji uzmanı ve 5 uzmanlık öğrencisine yönelik 14 sorudan oluşan anket çalışması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular:Hekimlerin %90'a yaklaşan oranda iskemik kalp hastalığında özellikle tanı aşamasında MPS'yi tercih etmesine rağmen üçte bir civarında hekimin MPS 'ye ulaşamadığı saptanmıştır.Nükleer tıp raporlarından genellikle tıbbi anlamda bir memnuniyet mevcuttur. MPS'ye ulaşabilen hekimler için nükleer tıp hizmetinin yapısından kaynaklanan tetkik ve randevu süresi ile ilgili olumsuzluklar öne çıkmaktadır. İletişimle ilgili olumlu yaklaşımlar mevcuttur.
Sonuç: İlimizde MPS yüksek doğruluk oranları ile tercih edilen bir tetkiktir. Ancak ulaşılabilirliği kısıtlıdır.Bu kısıtlılık nedeni ile uzamış randevu sürelerinin ve olası artmış invaziv girişimlerin getirebileceği kayıpların; MPS'nin daha yaygın kullanımı ile çözülebileceği değerlendirilmektedir.Bu durum özellikle tıp fakültesi içinde gama kamera ihtiyacını değerlendirmeyi öne çıkarmaktadır.Kardiyoloji hekimleriyle karşılıklı karar ve sorumlulukların paylaşılmasının yanı sıra iletişim kanallarının artırılması nükleer tıp görüntüleme yöntemlerinin kararlı iskemik KAH tanı ve takibinde kullanım yaygınlığının ve etkinliğinin optimal düzeye çıkmasına katkı sağlayabilir.
„Inny świat”, „kraina zeków” i… „martwy dom”
Authors: Sucharski Tadeusz 
Published: March 2021

W prezentowanym szkicu próbuję wskazać wspólne płaszczyzny w dwóch największych dziełach łagrowych poprzedzających Archipelag GUŁag Sołżenicyna: Podróż do krainy zeków Juliusa Margolina i Inny świat Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego. Taki właśnie status w zachodnich badaniach historycznoliterackich zyskały te dwie książki. W Polsce dzieło Margolina nie doczekało na razie ważnych i godnych go badań.
Obu twórców i ich dzieła łączy wiele wspólnego. Margolin i Herling przebywali w tym samym kompleksie obozów (Kargopolłag); nie doczekawszy zwolnienia z łagru, obaj podjęli głodówkę protestacyjną i opisali ją w swych dziełach. Obaj traktowali swoje dzieła jako jeden z instrumentów walki z nieludzkim systemem. Obaj wreszcie przeczytali w łagrze Zapiski z martwego domu Dostojewskiego i lektura ta w istotny sposób kształtowała ich rozumienie łagrowego losu i jego konsekwencji.
„Otóż moja Urszulko tak szczegółowy masz opis mojego tu życia, że sądzę J. J. Rousseau z równą szczerością nie pisał swoich spowiedzi” – obrazy życia prywatnego i kulturalnego w latach czterdziestych XIX wieku na podstawie korespondencji Gustawa Zieliński
Authors: Król Małgorzata 
Published: March 2021

Gustaw Zieliński to poeta, powieściopisarz, powstaniec listopadowy, zesłaniec, ziemianin, społecznik, bibliofil, mecenas kultury, który współcześnie najczęściej kojarzony jest z najpopularniejszym swym tekstem, powieścią poetycką pt. Kirgiz albo encyklopedycznie, hasłowo. Wiadomo, że był mecenasem i miłośnikiem kultury, ale niewiele nadto. Artykuł jest próbą wyjścia, na podstawie epistolografii, poza suche fakty. Oddania realiów barwnego, ale też niełatwego życia w połowie XIX wieku w Warszawie i na Mazowszu. Próbą przypomnienia niebanalnego epistolografa, którego zapisy korespondencyjne przybliżają stosunki gospodarczo-społeczne, realia kulturalne nie tylko ówczesnej stolicy, ale i Mazowsza, a wraz z upływem czasu i zmieniającym się życiem osobistym autora – kraju i ówczesnej Europy.