bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging properties of carbon based 2D material beyond graphene
Authors: Jana Susmita , Bandyopadhyay Arka , Datta Sujoy , Bhattacharya Debaprem , Jana Debnarayan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Graphene turns out to be the pioneering material for setting up boulevard to a new zoo of recently proposed carbon based novel two dimensional (2D) analogues. It is evident that their electronic, optical and other related properties are utterly different from that of graphene because of the distinct intriguing morphology. For instance, the revolutionary emergence of Dirac cones in graphene is particularly hard to find in most of the other 2D materials. As a consequence the crystal symmetries indeed act as a major role for predicting electronic band structure. Since tight binding calculations have become an indispensable tool in electronic band structure calculation, we indicate the implication of such method in graphene’s allotropes beyond hexagonal symmetry. It is to be noted that some of these graphene allotropes successfully overcome the inherent drawback of the zero band gap nature of graphene. As a result, these 2D nanomaterials exhibit great potential in a broad spectrum of applications, viz nanoelectronics, nanooptics, gas sensors, gas storages, catalysis, and other specific applications. The miniaturization of high performance graphene allotrope based gas sensors to microscopic or even nanosized range has also been critically discussed. In addition, various optical properties like the dielectric functions, optical conductivity, electron energy loss spectra reveal that these systems can be used in opto-electronic devices. Nonetheless, the honeycomb lattice of graphene is not superconducting. However, it is proposed that the tetragonal form of graphene can be intruded to form new hybrid 2D materials to achieve novel superconducting device at attainable conditions. These dynamic experimental prospects demand further functionalization of these systems to enhance the efficiency and the field of multifunctionality. This topical review aims to highlight the latest advances in carbon based 2D materials beyond graphene from the basic theoretical as well as future application perspectives.
Two-dimensional conducting states in infinite-layer oxide/perovskite oxide hetero-structures
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Zhang Jine , Liu Banggui , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Sun Jirong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heterointerfaces sandwiched by oxides of dissimilar crystal structures will show strong interface reconstruction, leading to distinct interfacial effect arising from unusual physics. Here, we present a theoretical investigation on the interfaces between infinite-layer oxide and perovskite oxide (SrCuO2/SrTiO3 and SrCuO2/KTaO3). Surprisingly, we found well-defined two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), stemming from atomic reconstruction and polar discontinuity at interface. Moreover, the 2DEG resides in both the TiO2 and CuO2 interfacial layers, unlike LaAlO3/SrTiO3 for which 2DEG exists only in the TiO2 interfacial layer. More than that, no metal-to-insulator transition is observed as the SrCuO2 layer thickness decreases to one unit cell, i.e., the metallicity of the new interface is robust. Further investigations show more unique features of the 2DEG. Due to the absence of apical oxygen at the SrCuO2/SrTiO3 (KTaO3) interface, the conducting states in the interface TiO2 (TaO2) layer follows the

d

x
y

<

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

<

d

x
z
/
y
z

orbital order rather than the d

xy
< d

xz/yz
orbital order of paradigm LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (KTaO3), exhibiting enhanced interfacial conduction. This work suggests the great potential of heterointerfaces composed of non-isostructural oxides for fundamental research.
Concentration dependent debundling and single tube dispersions of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with double tail phospholipids
Authors: Nigam Poonam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) exist as aggregates of highly entangled tubes due to large aspect ratios and strong Van der Waals interactions among them in their native states. In order to render them suitable for any application, MWNTs need to be separated and dispersed uniformly in a solvent preferably as individual tubes. In the present work, it is demonstrated that a double tail lipid such as 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) is capable of dispersing MWNTs in ethanol. Ultra-stable suspensions were obtained by optimizing two key parameters: DPPE to MWNT weight ratio (ε) and MWNT concentration (c). Stability of the suspensions increased with the increasingεvalue up to an optimum point (ε= 1.8) and then decreased drastically beyond that. CNT dispersions withε= 1.8 were extremely stable (with a Zeta potential of 108.26 ± 2.15 mV) and could be retained in suspended form up to 3 months. Effect of MWNT concentration on disaggregation was very significant and stable suspensions could be formed for MWNT concentrations only below 0.14 mg ml−1. Above this concentration, no stable dispersions could be obtained even withε= 1.8. Compression isotherms of Langmuir monolayers of the DPPE functionalized MWNTs spread at the air water interface were highly repeatable, suggesting that the MWNTs in dispersion were present as separate tubes coated with phospholipids. SEM micrographs of the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, deposited at high surface pressures on silicon wafers, show that MWNTs remain as single nanotubes with no signs of reaggregation. TEM micrographs of MWNT suspensions indicated random adsorption of DPPE on MWNTs. Our work makes it possible to explore potential applications of LB films of MWNTs (stabilized by DPPE) in the development of conducting thin films for sensor applications or as supports to immobilize catalysts for heterogenous reactions.
Hierarchical colloidosomes self-assembled from block copolymer micelles via emulsion interfacial confinement
Authors: Liu Changxu , Wu Ming , Duan Lijie , Yan Nan , Jiang Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly of polymeric building blocks into high-level colloidosomes is desirable to not only design novel nanostructures but also fabricate the complex artificial materials across many length scales with multifunctionality. Although great progress has been made in the designing the hierarchical colloidosomes, the fabrication of polymeric colloidosomes self-assembled from block copolymer (BCP) colloidal nanoparticles still remains challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of the hierarchical polymeric colloidosomes with typical hollow internal structures self-assembled from the polystyrene-block-poly (2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) BCP spherical micelles through the emulsion interfacial confinement, which is constructed through the water-in-1-butanol emulsion system. Moreover, the hierarchical colloidosomes can disassemble into the original uniform spherical micelles under the acid aqueous solution, indicating that the colloidosomes possess good pH stimuli-responsibility. Finally, the stability of the colloidosomes can be greatly improved by cross-linking the P2VP corona of original spherical micelles, offering the effective templates for construction of the multifunctional materials. This finding provides a simple yet effective method for the fabrication of the hierarchical colloidosomes from the BCP building blocks.
Facile decoration of two-dimensional Ti3C2T
x
nanoplates with CuS nanoparticles via a facile in situ synthesis strategy at room temperature for superhigh specific capacitance of supercapacitors
Authors: Shen Yuanyuan , Jiang Haoli , Lu Zhiyong , Li Gaiye , Wang Zhongchang , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although supercapacitors have attracted more and more attention owing to their fast charging speed and high power density, their wide applications have still been limited by their low energy density. In this study, a new CuS-nanoparticle-decorated Ti3C2T
x
electrode material is fabricated via a facile in situ synthesis strategy at room temperature. CuS nanoparticles, generated from the in situ reaction of Cu (NO3)2·3H2O with Na2S·9H2O, are anchored between the Ti3C2T
x
interlayers through electrostatic interaction. This type of structural construction is found capable of not only reducing the surface oxidation of Ti3C2T
x
, but also preventing the accumulation of CuS nanoparticles by the template effect of Ti3C2T
x
nanoplates. As a result, the CuS/Ti3C2T
x
nanohybrid delivers a maximum specific capacitance of 911 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a good cycling stability. A symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the CuS/Ti3C2T
x
nanohybrid as the electrode material exhibits an energy density of 43.56 W h kg−1 with a power density of 475 W kg−1. Consequently, this work provides a new perspective of microstructural design for the preparation of electrode materials with superhigh specific capacitance through an easy and low-cost in situ-reaction method at room temperature.
A lithium laser-ablation based time-of-flight (LILA-TOF) diagnostic for measuring plasma edge ion temperature and toroidal plasma rotation
Authors: López-Miranda B , Tabarés F L , McCarthy K J , Baciero A , Tafalla D , Medina F , Ochando M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A new method for studying the thermalization and transport of injected impurities at the edge of hot plasma, (considering the last closed magnetic surface, the free path is between 1 and 2 cm approx.) under no perturbative conditions, is presented. In the proposed technique, a Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate Li from the lithiated wall of the stellarator TJ-II. While the laser pulse allows for the analysis of the released species through laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), its laser pulse also provides a time reference for the time-of-flight (TOF) measurements of the Li+ ions performed. This is done by positioning light detection systems sensitive to an intense Li II spectral line at different toroidal locations away from such a source. TOF times of tens to hundreds of microseconds are recorded. Then, by de-convolving the shape of the recorded light pulse, the velocity distribution of the lithium-ion during its thermalization with the background plasma can be extracted. From this velocity distribution, the ion temperature of the background ions and the toroidal rotation at the plasma periphery can be deduced. In contrast with conventional Doppler spectroscopy, this technique uses filter-scope detectors rather than high-spectral-resolution spectrometers thus a tradeoff between spectral and time or space resolution is required. Finally, preliminary results of the application of this novel technique are shown to validate this proof of principle.
The dark side of ambition: side-effects of China’s climate policy
Authors: Xu Hongzhang , Tang Aaron , Pittock Jamie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
China’s latest commitments to the Paris Agreement have attracted great attention. Scholars have questioned the feasibility of China’s pledges to peak emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. To achieve these goals, China has resorted to extreme emissions reduction actions. However, side-effects of China’s climate ambition have been largely overlooked. An intersectional and just transitions perspective is critical to examine limits and trade-offs for broad societal goals. This paper outlines five policy approaches that can help limit adverse side-effects and unlock broader social benefits.
Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen–polycaprolactone composite biomaterial
Authors: Dewey Marley J , Milner Derek J , Weisgerber Daniel , Flanagan Colleen L , Rubessa Marcello , Lotti Sammi , Polkoff Kathryn M , Crotts Sarah , Hollister Scott J , Wheeler Matthew B , Harley Brendan A C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches for massive craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects face challenges associated with the scale of missing bone, the need for rapid graft-defect integration, and challenges related to inflammation and infection. Mineralized collagen scaffolds have been shown to promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis due to their porous nature and material properties, but are mechanically weak, limiting surgical practicality. Previously, these scaffolds were combined with 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh to form a scaffold-mesh composite to increase strength and promote bone formation in sub-critical sized porcine ramus defects. Here, we compare the performance of mineralized collagen–PCL composites to the PCL mesh in a critical-sized porcine ramus defect model. While there were no differences in overall healing response between groups, our data demonstrated broadly variable metrics of healing regarding new bone infiltration and fibrous tissue formation. Abscesses were present surrounding some implants and PCL polymer was still present after 9–10 months of implantation. Overall, while there was limited successful healing, with 2 of 22 implants showed substantial levels of bone regeneration, and others demonstrating some form of new bone formation, the results suggest targeted improvements to improve repair of large animal models to more accurately represent CMF bone healing. Notably, strategies to increase osteogenesis throughout the implant, modulate the immune system to support repair, and employ shape-fitting tactics to avoid implant micromotion and resultant fibrosis. Improvements to the mineralized collagen scaffolds involve changes in pore size and shape to increase cell migration and osteogenesis and inclusion or delivery of factors to aid vascular ingrowth and bone regeneration.
Viral alpha-synuclein knockdown prevents spreading synucleinopathy
Authors: Menon Sindhu , Kofoed Rikke H , Nabbouh Fadl , Xhima Kristiana , Al-Fahoum Yasmeen , Langman Tammy , Mount Howard T J , Shihabuddin Lamya S , Sardi S Pablo , Fraser Paul E , Watts Joel C , Aubert Isabelle , Tandon Anurag 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy is thought to involve a common prion-like mechanism, whereby misfolded α-syn provides a conformational template for further accumulation of pathological α-syn. We tested whether silencing α-syn gene expression could reduce native non-aggregated α-syn substrate and thereby disrupt the propagation of pathological α-syn initiated by seeding with synucleinopathy-affected mouse brain homogenates. Unilateral intracerebral injections of adeno-associated virus serotype-1 encoding microRNA targeting the α-syn gene reduced the extent and severity of both the α-syn pathology and motor deficits. Importantly, a moderate 50% reduction in α-syn was sufficient to prevent the spread of α-syn pathology to distal brain regions. Our study combines behavioural, immunohistochemical and biochemical data that strongly support α-syn knockdown gene therapy for synucleinopathies.
The deletion of GluK2 alters cholinergic control of neuronal excitability
Authors: Gorlewicz Adam , Barthet Gael , Zucca Stefano , Vincent Peggy , Griguoli Marilena , Grosjean Noëlle , Wilczynski Grzegorz , Mulle Christophe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kainate receptors (KARs) are key regulators of synaptic circuits by acting at pre- and postsynaptic sites through either ionotropic or metabotropic actions. KARs can be activated by kainate, a potent neurotoxin, which induces acute convulsions. Here, we report that the acute convulsive effect of kainate mostly depends on GluK2/GluK5 containing KARs. By contrast, the acute convulsive activity of pilocarpine and pentylenetetrazol is not alleviated in the absence of KARs. Unexpectedly, the genetic inactivation of GluK2 rather confers increased susceptibility to acute pilocarpine-induced seizures. The mechanism involves an enhanced excitability of GluK2−/− CA3 pyramidal cells compared with controls upon pilocarpine application. Finally, we uncover that the absence of GluK2 increases pilocarpine modulation of Kv7/M currents. Taken together, our findings reveal that GluK2-containing KARs can control the excitability of hippocampal circuits through interaction with the neuromodulatory cholinergic system.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 pathway is a novel mediator of endothelial dysfunction and aneurysms development in angiotensin II infused mice through increased oxidative stress
Authors: González-Amor María , García-Redondo Ana B , Jorge Inmaculada , Zalba Guillermo , Becares Martina , Ruiz-Rodríguez María J , Rodríguez Cristina , Bermeo Hugo , Rodrigues-Díez Raquel , Rios Francisco J , Montezano Augusto C , Martínez-González Jose , Vázquez Jesús , Redondo Juan Miguel , Touyz Rhian M , Guerra Susana , Salaices Mercedes , Briones Ana M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsInterferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that induces a reversible post-translational modification (ISGylation) and can also be secreted as a free form. ISG15 plays an essential role as host-defence response to microbial infection; however, its contribution to vascular damage associated with hypertension is unknown.Methods and resultsBioinformatics identified ISG15 as a mediator of hypertension-associated vascular damage. ISG15 expression positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Consistently, Isg15 expression was enhanced in aorta from hypertension models and in angiotensin II (AngII)-treated vascular cells and macrophages. Proteomics revealed differential expression of proteins implicated in cardiovascular function, extracellular matrix and remodelling, and vascular redox state in aorta from AngII-infused ISG15–/– mice. Moreover, ISG15–/– mice were protected against AngII-induced hypertension, vascular stiffness, elastin remodelling, endothelial dysfunction, and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Conversely, mice with excessive ISGylation (USP18C61A) show enhanced AngII-induced hypertension, vascular fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation along with elastin breaks, aortic dilation, and rupture. Accordingly, human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysms showed augmented ISG15 expression. Mechanistically, ISG15 induces vascular ROS production, while antioxidant treatment prevented ISG15-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling.ConclusionISG15 is a novel mediator of vascular damage in hypertension through oxidative stress and inflammation.
Heightened condition dependent expression of structural coloration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies
Authors: White Thomas E , Locke Amy , Latty Tanya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Structurally colored sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice, though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved. Theory predicts that signaling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits, thereby leading to heightened condition dependence. Here, we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana. Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces, respectively, and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range, ground-based courtship displays, thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection. Across a field-collected sample of individuals, we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition, though along separate axes. Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modeled according to conspecific flies, whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females. We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens, with the latter included as a nonsexual control. Our results suggest that the structurally colored faces, but not the iridescent wings, of male and female L. cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colors as honest signals. They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system, while arguing for 1 of several alternate signaling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.
The impact of left ventricular size on outcomes after centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Molina Ezequiel , Jain Amiti , Ahmed Sara , Lam Phillip , Rao Sriram , Hockstein Michael , Kadakkal Ajay , Hofmeyer Mark , Rodrigo Maria , Chou JiLing , Najjar Samer , Sheikh Farooq 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The influence of preoperative left ventricular size in outcomes following centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has not been well characterized.

METHODS
A cohort of 313 patients who received a centrifugal-flow LVAD at a single institution was analysed. Using a maximally selected log-rank statistic, we investigated whether a left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) cut-off point was associated with worse outcomes. The cohort was then divided in 2 groups based on the LVEDD cut-off point.

RESULTS
An LVEDD cut-off point of 59 mm was found to predict worse survival. Smaller LVEDD patients (≤59 mm, N = 52) were older and more likely to have a history of coronary artery disease compared those with a larger LVEDD (&gt;59 mm, N = 261). Smaller LVEDD patients had lower survival compared to larger LVEDD patients (71% vs 85% at 1 year and 58% vs 80% at 2 years, P = 0.003). The need for temporary right ventricular mechanical support was significantly higher in the smaller LVEDD cohort (11.5% vs 1.9%, P = 0.002). Pump flows at time of discharge were lower in the smaller LVEDD group (3.8 vs 4.2 l/min, P = 0.005), who also had a higher incidence of late right ventricular failure (23% vs 12%, P = 0.02), higher rates of gastrointestinal bleeding (0.416 vs 0.256 events per patient-year, P = 0.025) and higher readmissions secondary to low flow alarms (0.429 vs 0.240 events per patient-year, P = 0.007). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that smaller LVEDD, older age, high BUN and high bilirubin levels were independent predictors of worse survival.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients receiving a centrifugal-flow LVAD, smaller preoperative LVEDD (≤59 mm) was associated with lower survival and higher incidence of adverse outcomes.