bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Effect of Cycling Shoe Outsole Stiffness On Sub- and Supra-Maximal Cycling Performance Parameters.
Authors: Varvat Manon , Samozino Pierre , Hintzy Frédérique 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to test the effects of cycling shoe outsole stiffness on both performance and comfort parameters during sub- and supra-maximal cycling tests. Methods: Two groups of recreational women tested three cycling shoe conditions with differing outsole stiffness. One group of 8 women performed four cycling tests of 3 min composed of two intensities (100 and 140 W) and two pedaling rates (70 and 100 rpm) for each pair of shoes. Metabolic and subjective perception of comfort measurement was evaluated with each shoe. Another group of 12 women performed 6-s all-out sprints against two external resistances (0.4 and 0.7 N/kg) to determine force-velocity relationships with the three cycling shoe conditions. Results: The main findings are that the stiffness of the investigated outsole cycling shoes (i) does not influence cycling performance whatever the test (ii) while the perception of comfort is largely degraded compared to the most flexible shoe. Conclusion: Maximizing stiffness should no longer be of the highest design principal for beginners or recreational women cyclists.
Can a Deep Progressive Learning Method Help to Achieve High Image Quality as Total-body PET Imaging?
Authors: Wang Taisong , Qiao Wenli , Wang Ying , Wang Jingyi , Lv Yang , Dong Yun , Qian Zheng , Xing Yan , Zhao Jinhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose To propose and validate a total-body PET (TB-PET) guided deep progressive learning method (DPR) for low-dose clinical imaging of standard axial field-of-view PET/CT scanner (SAFOV-PET).Methods List-mode raw data from a total of 182 scans were collected, including 100 patient scans from a TB-PET, and 15 phantom and 67 patient scans from a SAFOV-PET. Neural networks employed in DPR were trained with the high-quality images obtained from the TB-PET using a progressive learning strategy and evaluated on a SAFOV-PET through three stages of studies. The CTN phantom was firstly used to verify the effectiveness of protocols in DPR and OSEM algorithms. Subsequently, list-mode rawdata from retrospective and prospective PET oncological patients (n=26 and 41, respectively) were rebinned into short duration scans (referred as to DPR_full, DPR_1/2, DPR_1/3, and DPR_1/4), and reconstructed with DPR. Full-duration data were reconstructed with OSEM to generate images as a reference. In the retrospective study, the image quality was evaluated using the metrics of standard uptake value (SUV) and target-to-liver ratio (TLR) in lesions, and coefficient of variation (COV) in the liver, which provided evidence for the subsequent study with real-world low-dose injection. In the prospective study, the quantification accuracy was evaluated with the agreement of SUVs in the liver, the blood pool, and the muscle between the DPR and the OSEM images. Quantitative analysis was also performed with the SUV and the TLR in lesions, furthermore on small lesions with a diameter no more than 10mm. In addition, qualitative analysis was performed using a 5-point Likert scale on the following perspectives: contrast, noise, and diagnostic confidence. Results The protocols used in the study were verified to meet the EANM EARL2 requirements. In the retrospective study, the DPR group with one-third acquisition time can yield a comparable image quality to the reference. In the prospective study, good agreement of the SUVs between DPR and OSEM was found in all the selected background tissues even if the injected dose was reduced to 1/3. Both quantitative and qualitative results demonstrated that the DPR_1/3 group showed no significant difference with the reference regarding the liver COV and subjective scores. The lesion SUVs and TLRs in the DPR_1/3 group were significantly enhanced compared with the reference, even for small lesions. Conclusions The proposed DPR method can reduce the injected dose of SAFOV-PET scan by up to 2/3 in a real-world deployment while maintaining image quality.
Tracking AI in climate innovation
Authors: Verendel Vilhelm 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Innovation in artificial intelligence (AI) is spreading rapidly in many areas of technology, and AI technologies may be of help to mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, previous studies of AI in the climate context mainly rely on expert judgement of the research literature, not large-scale data. Here, we present a new approach to analyzing the relation between AI and climate innovation on the economy-wide scale. We analyze over six million patents from the past 45 years from the United States, and find that the greatest amount of climate AI innovation has occured in transportation, energy, and manufacturing technologies. Green ICT and climate adaptation technologies is where AI innovations have higher shares, and breakthrough innovations have made up a larger share in adaptation technologies compared to technologies for climate mitigation. We estimate the difference that AI makes with statistical analysis: AI in mitigation and adaptation technologies is associated with 30-100% more subsequent innovations. Our approach provides new capabilities to track the exponential growth of AI in climate innovation.
Application of Transposon Systems in The Transgenesis of Bovine Somatic And Germ Cells
Authors: Kwon Dong-Hyeok , Gim Gyeong-Min , Eom Kyeong-Hyeon , Lee Ji-Hyun , Jang Goo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Several DNA transposons, PiggyBac (PB), Sleeping beauty (SB) and Tol2 have been applied as effective means for transgenesis in many species. Cattle are not typical experimental animals, and relatively little verification has been studied in this species. Thus, the goal of this study was the applicability of three transposon systems in somatic and embryo cells in cattle, while also determining which of the three systems is appropriate for each type of cell. To conduct the experiment, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transposon systems were used for electroporation and microinjection in the somatic cells and embryo stage, respectively. After transfection, GFP-positive cells or blastocysts were observed through a fluorescent microscope and transfection efficiency was calculated by FACS.Results: In the bovine somatic cells experiment, the PB (63.97 ± 11.56) showed higher efficiency as compared to the other two systems (SB: 50.74 ± 13.02 and Tol2: 16.55 ± 5.96). Unlike the results of the somatic cells, Tol2 (75.00%) and SB (70.00%) in the embryo were more efficient as compared to PB (42.86 %).Conclusions: These results demonstrate that all three transposon systems can be used in bovine somatic cells and embryos as a gene engineering experimental method and which type of transposon system is appropriate to apply depending on the cell type.
The atypical kinase ABC1K1 interacts with the EXECUTER pathway to promote chloroplast biogenesis.
Authors: Collombat Joy , Pralon Thibaut , Magalhaes Jenny Pego , Rottet Sarah , Ksas Brigitte , Glauser Gaétan , Havaux Michel , Kessler Felix , Longoni Fiamma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiple chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling pathways contribute to the regulation of chloroplast biogenesis during plant greening. Here, we provide evidence for the direct implication of the atypical kinase ABC1K1. ABC1K1 is required for sufficient plastoquinone (PQ) allocation to the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Unexpectedly, mutation of abc1k1 suppresses greening and results in pale cotyledons under red light. This phenotype was not observed in other photosynthetic mutants and points to a specific signaling defect. Under red light, abc1k1 accumulated EXECUTER1 (EX1), a trigger of singlet oxygen (1O2) signaling. Consistent with the role of the FTSH metalloprotease in chloroplast biogenesis and EX1 degradation, the ftsh2 mutant var2, mimicked the greening defect of abc1k1 and accumulated EX1 under red light. We propose that this novel ABC1K1-dependent signal is required for chloroplast biogenesis to progress in challenging light conditions.
Improving Machining Accuracy for a Robotic Arm with Hybrid Kinematic Chains Based on Deformation Characteristics
Authors: Sun Longfei , Wang Binghao , Huang Shutao , Li Jinquan , Fang Lijin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The joint deformation has great influence on machining accuracy for a robotic arm. In this paper, the deformation characteristics of the robotic arm with hybrid kinematic chains is investigated in order to improve its machining accuracy. Firstly, the deformation model of the joints has been established based on the Strain energy method and Castigliano theorem according to the robot structure. Secondly, the deformation influence coefficient (DIC) is defined to investigate the deformation influence of main components on the end-effector, and the deformation characteristics are evaluated by the simulation. Finally, a small size robotic arm prototype is established and robotic drilling comparative experiments are conducted. The theoretical and experiment results show that the machining method can be selected according to the DIC, which the force can be applied to the components with better stiffness. On the other hand, the deformation of driving components can also be reduced when the DIC cannot be adjusted to meet the accuracy requirement.
An Investigation and Characterization of Monkeypod Tree Flower Particulates Filled PLA Composites
Authors: Chninnappan Balaji Ayyanar , Marimuthu K. , Bharathiraj C. , Gayathri B. , Mohan S. K. Pradep 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Samanea saman (SS) flower particulates were filled in Polylactic acid (PLA) composites were fabricated with different 0, 10, and 20 wt. % through the injection molding process. The elemental composition and morphology of SS PLA composites were studied through FESEM and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Thermal stability of the SS PLA composites specimens was carried out through Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Crystal orientations studied through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of the orthorhombic SS particulates. The properties of the composites were investigated such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Shore D Hardness. It was found that 20 wt. % of SS filled PLA composites has a superior tensile strength of 43.76 MPa, the compression strength of 37.94 MPa, the flexural strength of 72.47 MPa, and Shore D Hardness of 80.1 SHN than pure PLA. SS particulates-filled PLA composites would be used for low-strength applications.
Functional R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor NsMYB1, Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis, Was Relative To The Fruit Color Differentiation in Nitraria Sibirica Pall
Authors: Bao Xuemei , Zong Yuan , Hu Na , Li Shiming , Liu Baolong , Wang Honglun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Nitraria sibirica Pall. is an economic plant with two kinds of fruit color, widely spreads in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The chemical analysis and pharmacological evaluation had been carried out for several tens of years, the mechanism behind the fruit color differentiation is still unclear.
Results
In this manuscript, the chemical analysis of the extractions showed that the chemical composition of fruit color was anthocyanin, and two kind of Nitraria sibirica Pall. were caused by the content differentiation with the same anthocyanin kinds. Cya-nidin-3-[2ʹ’-(6ʹ’’-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]-glucoside (C3G) was the major anthocyanin. Transcriptome analysis and the qRT-PCR revealed that the structural genes relative to anthocyanin biosynthesis except CHS, F3’5’H and ANS were up-regulated in BF compared with RF, which indicated that transcript factor should be the reason for the expression difference of the structure genes. In the unigenes of the transcript factor MYB and bHLH, relative to anthocyanin, only NsMYB1 (Clus-ter-8422.10600), was high-expression and up-expression in the BF. NsMYB1 encoded the same length protein with four amino acid differences in the RF and BF, and both contained the intact DNA, HTH-MYB and SANT domains. NsMYB1 was close to the AtMYB114, AtMYB113 and AtPAP1, regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, in phylogenetic relationship. Both NsMYB1r and NsMYB1b could promote the transcript of the structural genes, and induced the anthocyanin accumulation in all tissues of transgenic tobacco. The insertion of ‘TATA’ in the promoter of NsMYB1r gave one more promoter region, and was the reason for higher transcripts in black fruit possibly.
Conclusions
NsMYB1 was a functional R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulated the anthocyanin biosynthesis, and leaded to the fruit color differentiation in Nitraria sibirica Pall.
Pressure Sensor with New Electrical Circuit Utilizing Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Basov Mikhail 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High sensitivity MEMS pressure sensor chip for different ranges (1 to 60 kPa) utilizing the novel electrical circuit of piezosensitive differential amplifier with negative feedback loop (PDA-NFL) is developed. Pressure sensor chip PDA-NFL utilizes two bipolar-junction transistors (BJT) with vertical n-p-n type structure (V-NPN) and eight piezoresistors (p–type). Both theoretical model of sensor response to pressure and temperature and experimental data are presented. Data confirms the applicability of theoretical model. Introduction of the amplifier allows for decreasing chip size while keeping the same sensitivity as a chip with classic Wheatstone bridge circuit.
Sri Lankan consumers and the market
Authors: D.M.I.D.P. Dissanayake 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe supermarket industry in Sri Lanka is set out for an explosive growth in the recent years this is with the western lifestyle of modern Sri Lankans where convenience is a key benefit sought after. The traditional grocery store concept has been evolving in to a “Mega Stores” and the heavy discounter concept which carry all the goods shoppers want. If we look at the drivers for the evolution of modern supply chains, or “Modern Trade” they have been persistent in increase demand for value added consumer products, convenience food, beverage, and frozen confectioneries.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to get a clear idea about Sri Lankan consumers and the market in order to approach new supermarket to the industry.MethodsSurvey questions have been designed after a careful review of related literature. This survey has been chosen because this is the best way to gather and explore about the thoughts, feelings, perceptions and opinions of respondents and also there are other reasons as well such as this is self-administered because of its simplicity, reliability of data and also this reduces the variability in results because of the fixed response questions.ConclusionIn Sri Lankan context the supermarket industry is becoming very popular and also competitive industry. Therefore, there are many aspects need to be smoothly considered before starting a new supermarket and also the market is very competitive and new strategies will be needed in order to survive and to gain the competitive advantage over competitors. Service quality, reliability, accuracy should be high and also more facilities should be provided. In Sri Lankan supermarkets, mainly non-durable products which are required on daily basis takes the first place. In Sri Lanka, there are no many categories of supermarkets on the basis of social class. Therefore, in one supermarket, there should be many varieties which will be useful for any category in social class. The price should be competitive and here many supermarkets have higher prices and a smaller number of promotions and discounts for consumers. Considering all aspects, it is good to commence operations in Sri Lanka and it would be profitable.
Colonic Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Two Years After Therapeutic Radical Nephrectomy a Case Report
Authors: Alnabwani Dina , Acquah Frederick , Kanukuntla Anish Kumar , Kata Priyaranjan , Cheriyath Pramil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Renal Cell carcinoma usually presents metastasis at the diagnosis and the most common sites include lung, bones, liver, and brain in decreasing order. Metastasis to the large intestine is very uncommon and few cases are reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present a case of post nephrectomy renal cell carcinoma who presented to our institution with signs of anemia and on further investigations found to be having metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma in the intestine, peritoneum, and abdominal wall. Conclusion: We hypothesize that due to recent advances in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, the patient's survival rate increased and this leads to atypical presentations of the known diseases. Through this case report, we stress the importance of vigilant evaluation for intestinal metastasis when the patient presents with gastrointestinal bleeding and a history of renal cell carcinoma regardless of the time since nephrectomy.
QUANDO A CIDADE NOS ENSINA.
Authors: André Carminda mendes 
Published: December 2021

O artigo apresenta um programa de ensino tendo a criação de intervenções urbanas como prática arte educativa na formação de licenciados e de bacharéis em teatro. Embasa sua pedagogia nas noções de estratégia e tática de Michel De Certeau. Por meio de relatos de experiencia, apresenta um fazer que já é um saber.
Palavras-chaves: intervenção urbana, tática, arte-educação, cidade.

Abstract. The article presents a teaching program having the creation of urban interventions as a practical art education in the training of graduates and bachelors in theater. The text embodies its pedagogy in the notions of strategy and tactics of Michel De Certeau. By means of reports of experience, it presents a doing that is already a knowing.
Keywords: urban intervention, tactics, art-education, city.
Health and Work Conditions of Garbage Collectors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Leite Magalhães Edilane Jales , Fernandes Márcia Astrês , Viana Magda Rogeria Pereira , de Carvalho e Martins Maria do Carmo , Lago Eliana Campêlo , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida , Feitosa Lucíola Galvão Gondim Corrêa , Ramos Carmen Viana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Waste is considered everything that has lost utility after being use; therefore, it no longer has value to a person or a community. After objects have lost their value, they need to be removed from homes, workplaces, stores, markets, etc. Hence, waste collectors remove the garbage left on the streets and allocate it to appropriate places. From a historical perspective, waste disposal is closely related to consumption and values of cleanliness, purity, and organization of the current society.

Objective:
To analyze health and work conditions of waste collectors and the association of these parameters with the length of service.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 112 participants. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic, work, and health conditions were used. The analysis of the association between health conditions and length of service was performed using Fisher's exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference between the length of service (more than two years) and a higher occurrence of injuries such as sharp injuries (p <0.001), headache (p = 0.036), back pain (p = 0.008) and work leave (p = 0.021).

Conclusion:
The working health conditions of waste collectors described in this study are associated with back pain, headache, and work and sick leave.
Investigation of Contacts for Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: Application Software Development
Authors: Duarte Jyselda de Jesus Lemos , de Carvalho Herica Emilia Félix , Campelo Viriato , Feitosa Lucíola Galvão Gondim Corrêa , Moura Luana Kelle Batista , Hartz Zulmira , Ribeiro Ivonizete Pires 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Tuberculosis is a pathology that continues to be worthy of special attention from health professionals and society due to its high prevalence, proving to be a crucial public health problem.

Objectives:
To describe the development of an application for family health strategy professionals’ investigation of tuberculosis contacts for Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

Methods:
This study is applied research on an application software developed according to three of the five phases described by Falkembach for developing digital educational materials, which include analysis and planning, modeling, and implementation.

Results:
The application is dynamic; that is, it guides health professionals through sequenced screens according to professionals’ self-informed answers. This functionality helps them deciding whether to proceed to the treatment of the patient with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection or returning to the initial stage of a tuberculosis contact.
The screens of the application follow the flowchart presented in the Ministry of Health’s Manual of recommendations for tuberculosis control in Brazil of 2018.

Conclusion:
The application developed to guide Family Health Strategy professionals regarding Latent Infection by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis can prevent human errors and increase the care quality when assessing tuberculosis contacts.