bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Evaluate Acetabular Bone Defect in Patients With Crowe Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Acetabular Reconstruction Based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction Images
Authors: Wen Xinggui , Zuo Jianlin , Liu Tong , Gao Zhongli , Xiao Jianlin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the cup coverage(CC) of acetabular cup models with different sizes in patients with Crowe type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ DDH by the high hip center technique(HHC), the results shows that the CC of cup sizes with 38mm, 40mm, 42mm, 44mm, 46mm, 48mm, and 50 mm increased by 21.24%, 21.58%, 20.86%, 20.04%, 18.62%, 17.18%, and 15.42% (P<0.001) respectively as the cups elevated from the true acetabula until the maximum coverage were achieved. What surprising is the mean CC at the true acetabula were 77.85%, 76.71%, 75.73%, 74.56%, 73.68%, 72.51%, and 71.75%, respectively. So, we draw a distribution frequency map of uncovered portion of all 44-mm cups at the true acetabula to illustrate the distribution of bone defects of the acetabulum. The map shows that 95% of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ DDH acetabula had bone defects in posterosuperior, and 60% were located outside the force line of the hip joint.Here comes to a conclusion that acetabular cups can meet the CC of more than 70% at the true acetabulum, and 60% of Crowe type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ DDH patients can obtain satisfactory CC at the true acetabulum by using a 44-mm cup without additional operation.
Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: The Enigma to Code Messages for Generation of Functionally Active Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Aleahmad Mehdi , Bozorgmehr Mahmood , Nikoo Shohreh , Ghanavatinejad Alireza , Shokri Mohammad-Reza , Montazeri Samaneh , Shokri Fazel , Zarnani Amir Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in fine tuning immune responses and is pivotal for a successful pregnancy. Recently, the importance of mesenchymal stem cells in regulation of immune responses in general and Tregs in particular has been highlighted. Here, we hypothesized that menstrual stromal/stem cells (MenSCs) contribute to uterine immune system regulation through induction of functionally active Tregs.
Methods

MenSCs were collected from 18 apparently healthy women and characterized. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) served as a control. The effect of MenSCs on proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated T CD4 + cells and generation of Tregs with and without pre-treatment with mitomycin C, IFN-γ and IL-1β was evaluated by flow cytometry. The potential role of IDO, PGE2, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β on proliferation of T CD4 + cells and generation of Tregs was assessed using blocking antibodies or agents. IDO activity was evaluated in MenSCs and BMSC culture supernatants by a colorimetric assay. IL-10 and IFN-γ production in MenSCs-primed T CD4 + was measured using intracellular staining. To investigate the functional properties of Tregs induced by MenSCs, Treg cells were isolated and their functional property to inhibit proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs was assessed by flow cytometry.
Results

According to the results, proliferation of T CD4 + lymphocytes were enhanced in the presence of MenSCs, while pre-treatment of MenSCs with pro-inflammatory reversed this effect. PGE2 and IDO were the major players in MenSCs-induced T cell proliferation. Non-treated MenSCs decreased frequency of Tregs, whereas after pre-treatment with IFN-γ and IL-1β they induced Tregs, which was mediated through IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and IDO. IFN-γ/IL-1β-treated MenSCs induced IL-10 and IFN-γ production in CD4 + T cells.
Conclusion

Collectively, these finding indicates that immunomodulatory impact of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) on generation of Tregs and inhibition of T cells proliferation is largely dependent of pre-treatment with IFN-γ and IL-1β. This is the first report on immunomodulatory impact of MenSCs on Tregs and highlights the pivotal role of endometrial stem cells in regulation of local endometrial immune responses.
An Economic Analysis of the Environmental Impact of PM2.5 Exposure on Health Status in Three Northwestern Mexican Cities
Authors: Becerra-Pérez Luis Armando , Ramos-Álvarez Roberto A. , DelaCruz Juan J. , García-Páez Benjamín , Páez-Osuna Federico , Cedeño-Laurent Guillermo , Boldo Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study provides an assessment of the health effects due to exposure to particulate matter PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 µm that cause the air to appear hazy when levels are elevated) in three medium size cities of north western Mexico (Los Mochis, Culiacan and Mazatlan). We computed the total avoidable premature mortality, avoidable cardiovascular disease, gains in life expectancy, as well as the economic costs by air contamination corresponding to PM2.5. To achieve this goal, the Health Impacts Assessment (HIA) methodology provided by the European Aphekom Project was used. People in these cities are exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations that exceed limits implemented in domestic and international guidelines.
Results
We determined the cost of the PM2.5 pollutant associated with health outcomes under two different scenarios: Official Mexican Standard (NOM, Spanish acronym) and World Health Organization (WHO). The mean PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 were 22.8, 22.4 y 14.1 µg/m3 for the cities Los Mochis, Mazatlan and Culiacan, respectively. The mean avoidable mortality for all causes associated to the exposure to PM2.5 in the three cities was 638 for the NOM scenario (i.e., with a reduction to 12 µg/m3) compared to 739 for the WHO scenario (reduction to 10 µg/m3). Complying with the WHO guideline of 10 µg/m3 in annual PM2.5 mean would add up to 15 months of life expectancy at age 30, depending on the city.
Conclusions
The mean economic cost per year of the PM2.5 effects on human life in these three cities was $600 (NOM scenario) and $695 million dollars (WHO scenario). Effective public health and industrial policy interventions are socially advantageous and cost-saving to promote better health.
Genome Mining, Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Bacterial Nitrilases for the Biodegradation of Nitrile Compounds
Authors: Salwan Richa , Sharma Vivek , Das Surajit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microbial nitrilases play vital role in biodegradation of nitrile-containing contaminants in pollutant and effluents treatments in chemical and textile industries as well as the biosynthesis of IAA from tryptophan in plants. However, the lack of structural information hinders the correlation of its activity and substrate specificity. Here, we have identified bacterial genomes for nitrilases bearing unassigned functions including hypothetical, uncharacterized, or putative role. The genomic annotations revealed four predicted nitrilases encoding genes as uncharacterized subgroup of the nitrilase superfamily. Further, the annotation of these nitrilases revealed relatedness with nitrilase hydratases and cyanoalanine hydratases. The characterization of motif analysis of these protein sequences, predicted a single motif of 20-28 aa, and glutamate (E), lysine (K) and cysteine (C) residues as a part of catalytic triad along with several active site residues. The structural analysis of the modeled nitrilases revealed geometrical and close conformation of α-helices and β-sheets arranged in a sandwich structure. The catalytic residues constituted the substrate binding pocket and exhibited the wide nitrile substrate spectra for both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles containing compounds. The aromatic amino acid residues Y159 in active site were predicted to show importance for substrate specificity. The substitution of non-aromatic alanine residue in place of Y159 completely disrupted the catalytic activity for indole-3-acetonitrile. The present study reports several uncharacterized nitrilases which have not been reported so far for their role in the biodegradation of pollutants, xenobiotics which could find applications in industries.
Allometric Relationships for Interspecific Plant Biomass Allocations and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Zhang ChunPing , Niu Decao , Zhang Lijing , Li Xudong , Fu Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The allometric relationships of plants and their changes assist with elucidating the adaptive responses of plants to the environment. However, it remains unclear whether different species of the life-form ‘shrubs’ have consistent or similar allometric relationships between modular characteristics (including morphological characteristics and biomass allocations). Here, we selected eight xerophytic shrubs as samples to investigate the morphological characteristics, biomass allocations and their allometric relationships. ResultsThe results showed that there were common allometric scaling exponents (αRMA) between modular characteristics with the exception of crown area (C)-belowground biomass (BGB) and C-plant height (H). Moreover, The BGB-total biomass (TGB) of the eight species accorded with the significant isometric relationships, and the isometric or allometric relationships of different species in aboveground biomass (AGB)-BGB and AGB-TGB were similar, which meant that the belowground biomass mainly determined the total biomass for xerophytic shrubs. ConclusionsOur results suggested that there were similar trends of collaborative changes between modular characteristics of eight xerophytic shrubs with the exception of C-BGB and C-H, which reflected the convergent adaptation of different species in the life-form ‘shrubs’ to arid environments.
Occupational Fire Safety in India: A Preliminary Study on Current Trends and Future Implications
Authors: Fernandes Glorita , Mulimani C. F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

This study contributes to the area of applied forensic chemistry and fire safety and management. It focuses on the current trends of fire safety practices followed across four groups of workplaces in India. The motivation for this paper was to create awareness about existing lacunae in our current practices which lead to structural fire accidents; a large number of which are seen every year in India.
Results

The research helped to understand the current status of occupational fire safety practices in India and gain insight into lacunae for non-compliance. The relationship between fire safety training and employee confidence was also studied. This preliminary study found that compliance of workplace fire safety norms varied with the type of industry. Hence, suggestions for a more extensive industry based approach should be researched for better insight into this finding.
Conclusion

This research paper assessed awareness about the current loopholes in fire safety and suggested better management practices. Thus, it enables the management of industrial workforce to create better policies and employee safety strategies in cases of untoward fire disasters. This paper also highlighted the need for better risk identification and evaluation to mitigate future workplace fire incidents and promote occupational safety from fire hazards.
The Stochastic Modified Lundqvist-Korf Diffusion Process: Statistical and Computational Aspects and Application to Modeling of the CO2 Emission in Morocco
Authors: Nafidi Ahmed , azri Abdenbi El , Sanchez Ramón Gutiérrez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to study the possibility of using a stochastic non-homogeneous (without exogenous factors) diffusion process to model the evolution of CO2 emissions in Morocco and concretely using a new process, in which the trend function is proportional to the modified Lundqvist-Korf growth curve. First, the main characteristics of the process are studied, then we establish a computational statistical methodology based on the maximum likelihood estimation method and the trend functions. When we are estimating the parameters of the process, a non-linear equation is obtained and the simulated annealing method is proposed to solve it after bounding the parametric space by a stagewise procedure. Also, to validate this methodology, we include the results obtained from several examples of simulation. Finally, the process and the methodology established are applied to real data corresponding to the evolution of CO2 emissions in Morocco.
Migrants’ Vulnerabilities and Their Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Mobile Shoe Shine Boys in the Cape Coast Metropolis
Authors: Dzirasah King David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic has impacted socio-economic activities in sub-Saharan Africa and Ghana for that matter. Occupations in the informal sector such as shoe-shine business have been affected by the disease outbreak. This paper focuses on migrant vulnerabilities and their responses to Covid-19 with a specific focus on shoe-shine boys in Cape Coast Metropolis. The study is guided by the IOM determinants of migrant vulnerability model, empirical review on the shoe-shine business and conceptual framework on shoe-shine business within the informal sector. Using an interview guide, ten shoe-shine boys were interviewed in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Their responses were transcribed and a content analysis was employed to analyze the data. The main challenges caused by Covid-19 were the reduction in income, decrease in customer base and changes in the nature of work. The study concluded that the irregular nature of the shoe-shine business exacerbated the impact of the covid-19 on the occupation but individual coping strategies were key in ensuring the sustainability of the occupation.
COVID-19 in hospitalized patients and healthcare workers: what have changed after the first wave in a university hospital
Authors: Moreira Luiz , Barbosa Gabriela Rodrigues , Luna Luciano Kleber de Souza , Justo Alberto Fernando Oliveira , Chaves Ana Paula Cunha , Conte Danielle Dias , Carvalho Joseane Mayara Almeida , Perosa Ana Helena , Filho Klinger Soares Faico , Camargo Clarice Neves , Bellei Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the COVID-19 frequency rates in hospitalized patients (HP) and healthcare workers (HCW), viral load inference, and the impact of vaccination and variants of concern (VOC) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodWe evaluated the COVID-19 diagnostics at Hospital São Paulo, Brazil, from March 2020 to April 2021, in 10,202 samples (6,502 HP and 3,700 HCW) tested by RT-qPCR, inferring viral load by cycle threshold (Ct) values, and frequency rates.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 was detected in 31.27% of individuals (32.23% HP and 29.80% HCW). The mean age of HP positives was 57.26 ± 18.29 years (median = 59), with a mean Ct value of 25.55 ± 6.07. Neither age nor Ct values in both groups have significantly differed during the first and second waves or even since the predominance of VOC P.1 on March 2021.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 epidemic curves of HP and HCW accompanied the variations reported in São Paulo city, as well as the variation of hospitalization and occupancy of ICU beds. The VOC P.1 has no impact on the viral load, since its predominance in March 2021. The vaccination of HCW may have contributed to a decrease in the positivity rates, although more studies will provide a better understanding of the impact of immunization on the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pre-operative limbic system functional connectivity distinguishes responders from non-responders to surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Danyluk Hayden , Lang Stefan , Monchi Oury , Sankar Tejas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe facial pain condition often requiring surgical treatment. Unfortunately, even technically successful surgery fails to achieve durable pain relief in many patients. The purpose of this study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to: 1) compare functional connectivity between limbic and accessory sensory networks in TN patients versus healthy controls; and 2) determine if pre-operative variability in these networks can distinguish responders and non-responders to surgery for TN.
Methods

We prospectively recruited 22 medically refractory classic or idiopathic TN patients undergoing surgical treatment over a 3-year period, and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. fMRI was acquired within the month prior to surgery for all TN patients and at any time during the study period for controls. Functional connectivity analysis was restricted to six pain-relevant brain regions selected a priori: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and insula. Two comparisons were performed: 1) TN versus controls; and 2) responders versus non-responders to surgical treatment for TN. Functional connectivity was assessed with a two-sample t-test, using a statistical significance threshold of p < 0.050 with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons.
Results

Functional connectivity was increased in TN patients compared to controls between the right insular cortex and both the left thalamus (t(39) = 3.67, p = 0.0007) and right thalamus (t(39) = 3.22, p = 0.0026). TN patients who were non-responders to surgery displayed increased functional connectivity between limbic structures, including between the left and right hippocampus (t(18) = 2.85, p = 0.0106), and decreased functional connectivity between the ACC and both the left amygdala (t(18) = 2.94, p = 0.0087) and right hippocampus (t(18) = 3.20, p = 0.0049). Across all TN patients, duration of illness was negatively correlated with connectivity between the ACC and left amygdala (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.00437) as well as the ACC and right hippocampus (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.0318).
Conclusions

TN patients show significant functional connectivity abnormalities in sensory-salience regions. However, variations in the strength of functional connectivity in limbic networks may explain why some TN patients fail to respond adequately to surgery.
Prevalence of Controlled Systemic Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among Hypertensive Patients at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Tanzania.
Authors: Mvandal Samson Peter , Mwinuka Victor Jastin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To determine the prevalence of controlled systemic hypertension and its associated risk factors among the hypertensive patients who attended the clinic at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital in Tanzania.
Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was used determine the prevalence of co to 252 hypertensive patients were recruited during clinic visit from September to November 2020 and participant was randomly selected interviews using structured self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using chi square test to find the risk factors associated with controlled hypertension.
Results

Among 252 participants, 94(39.7%) individuals with controlled hypertension giving the prevalence of controlled hypertension. The proportion of females with controlled hypertension was slightly higher than male (49 females to 45 males). The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 152(60.3%) participants. The prevalence of controlled hypertension was higher among patients who have regular clinic visit (p < .05) and have daily adherence to their anti-hypertensive medication. A similar trend was observed among participants without financial challenges to attend clinic, short duration of illness, higher level of education and there was no association between age, sex, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, having health insurance and having chronic illness.
Conclusion

Prevalence of controlled hypertension is higher among patients who have regular clinic visit and have daily adherence to their anti-hypertensive medication. Also, it is higher among participants without financial challenges to attend clinic so they can have regular clinic visit and checkup. Reinforcement on regular drug intake and clinic visit, good nutrition and reduced salt intake and modifying lifestyles of patient with hypertension is important.
Case Report: Tear liquid for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.
Authors: Prete Salvatore Del , Marasco Daniela , Sabetta Rosalaura , Prete Antonio Del , Marino Federica Zito , Franco Renato , Troisi Salvatore , Troisi Mario , Cennamo Gilda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The common approaches at the diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease(AD) is made with an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid or the last techniques use the study of retinal fundus and the plaques formation, through OCT or more simply with a fundus camera. Tears’ analysis is widely discussed in literature as an essential method to describe molecular and biochemical alterations in different diseases. The aim of our study was the identification with Immunocytochemistry of Amyloid Beta-42 in tears from patients with or without familiarity for Alzheimer disease, in order to make the diagnosis earlier and more accessible compared to other invasive methods. Case presentation: Our study was performed on tears from three phenotypically healthy subjects: two of them were Caucasian with Alzheimer familiarity (48 and 55 years old) and the other one was Asian without Alzheimer familiarity ( 45 years old) and affected by an adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis at the moment of the withdrawal. Tears samples were collected from eye fornix and were examinated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay using anti-Amyloid Beta X-42 antibody. Two out of three tears samples showed positive Amyloid Beta-42. Conclusions: Considering that our patients were phenotypically healthy, the identification of Amyloid Beta-42 by ICC could be a candidable method to make the diagnosis of the disease earlier and more accessible and available then other current and invasive methods and it could be candidate to screening method too.