bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative DNA damage and subclinical hypothyroidism in children with obesity
Authors: Ahmad Inass Hassan , Elwahab Marwa khairy Abd , El Wakeel Mervat El Shahat , Kamal Mohamed A. M. , Elhady Marwa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity-related oxidation stress plays a key role in obesity complications; however, its relation to thyroid status is an area for further research. The study aimed to assess thyroid function in obese children and its relation to oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage.

Results
Fifty obese and 40 normal weight children were included. Anthropometric measurement, lipid profile, thyroid function, anti-thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine serum level as marker of oxidative DNA damage were measured. Thirty-six percent of children with obesity have subclinical hypothyroidism. Central obesity but not oxidative DNA damage and lipid profile was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Waist circumference > 97th centile increases the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism (odd ratio 10.82; confidence interval 95% 2.75–42.409; p-value<0.001).

Conclusion
Central obesity represents a risk factor for subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children. Oxidation DNA damage did not show significant association with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Zeta potentials of fluoride anion result in the instability of DNA hairpin
Authors: Jing Yang , Han Zhengwei , Luo Di , Chen Hu , Liu Yanhui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High dose intake of fluoride results in fluorosis and our previous experiments at single-molecule level using magnetic tweezers have proved that fluoride anions destabilize DNA hairpin and its equilibrium critical force decreases with increasing concentration of fluoride anions. One possible mechanism is that a fluoride anion competes with a DNA base and forms a hydrogen bond with its complementary base. The Isothermal Titration Calorimetry experiments suggest that the fluoride anion does not form a hydrogen bond with a DNA base. With increasing concentration of fluoride anions, decreasing Zeta potentials for different oligonucleotides enhance the electrostatic repulsion between complementary oligonucleotides, which accounts for the decreasing association constant and destabilization of DNA hairpin. Molecule dynamics simulation was further performed to determine the ion distribution around the oligonucleotide, radial distribution functions (RDFs) indicate that the fluoride anion distributes far from the oligonucleotide in comparison with the chloride anion, which is the possible mechanism that decreases Zeta potentials with the increasing concentration of fluoride anions.
Carbon Vitalism
Authors: Pasek Anne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article names and examines carbon vitalism, a strain of climate denial centered on the moral recuperation of carbon dioxide—and thus fossil fuels. Drawing on interconnections between CO2, plant life, and human breath, carbon vitalists argue that carbon dioxide is not pollution but the stuff of life itself and thus possesses ethical and ecological standing. This philosophy contains a poetics of denial that is too often overlooked by studies of climate skepticism focusing narrowly on industry funding. Accordingly, this article develops a reparative theory of climate denial, asking what values and relations are gathered together within carbon vitalist speech and how speakers work to sustain these connections. Through close readings of carbon vitalist media and interviews with key figures in its network, the article demonstrates how the body is central to carbon vitalism’s rhetorical and emotional framing of ecological interdependence and epistemological populism. As such, carbon vitalism in effect reenacts long-established feminist appeals to the body (though to decidedly different political purposes). The article concludes by evaluating how the climate movement could both challenge and remobilize these logics, exploring what this corporeal turn in climate denial means for feminist and antiracist theories of environmental justice and the body.
Anxieties of Access
Authors: Smith James L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the nature of remembering as a lake, with a lake, or through a lake; the differential relationships, knowledge, and perspectives contained within; and the potentially troubling implications found at the intersection of scientific and humanistic perspectives on lake being. It also reflects on the totalizing nature of assuming a single form of memory, of archiving, or of trauma in a world of lakes riven with partially occluded, subsumed, ever-present, and retrieved stories expressed through water. Memory for whom? Recollection for whom? Archiving is never simple, never complete, and never without ingrained and intersecting structures of suppressed and channeled violence. Waters leave a trail of their own, writ on and in water. It contains stories that are recorded and relived. It has ontologies that are plural, overlapping, and multiple modes of memory captured in a hydrocommons where perspectives pool. Rather than asserting that a lake is an archive, this article concludes by proposing that it is a counterarchive where archival modes and anxieties can be exposed and explored. This is true of all waters, but lakes offer an ideal case study.
Coordination of mitochondrial and cellular dynamics by the actin-based motor Myo19
Authors: Majstrowicz Katarzyna , Honnert Ulrike , Nikolaus Petra , Schwarz Vera , Oeding Stefanie J. , Hemkemeyer Sandra A. , Bähler Martin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Myosin XIX (Myo19) is an actin-based motor that competes with adaptors of microtubule-based motors for binding to the outer mitochondrial transmembrane proteins Miro1 and Miro2 (collectively Miro, also known as RhoT1 and RhoT2, respectively). Here, we investigate which mitochondrial and cellular processes depend on the coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities. To this end, we created Myo19-deficient HEK293T cells. Mitochondria in these cells were not properly fragmented at mitosis and were partitioned asymmetrically to daughter cells. Respiratory functions of mitochondria were impaired and ROS generation was enhanced. On a cellular level, cell proliferation, cytokinesis and cell–matrix adhesion were negatively affected. On a molecular level, Myo19 regulates focal adhesions in interphase, and mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrially associated levels of fission protein Drp1 and adaptor proteins dynactin and TRAK1 at prometaphase. These alterations were due to a disturbed coordination of Myo19 and microtubule-based motor activities by Miro.
­­­­­­­A type I IFN, prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signature is distinct for COVID-19 ARDS­­­
Authors: Reyes Leila , A. Sanchez-Garcia Manuel , Morrison Tyler , Howden Andy J. M. , Watts Emily R. , Arienti Simone , Sadiku Pranvera , Coelho Patricia , Mirchandani Ananda S. , Zhang Ailiang , Hope David , Clark Sarah K. , Singleton Jo , Johnston Shonna , Grecian Robert , Poon Azin , McNamara Sarah , Harper Isla , Fourman Max Head , Brenes Alejandro J. , Pathak Shalini , Lloyd Amy , Blanco Giovanny Rodriguez , von Kriegsheim Alex , Ghesquiere Bart , Vermaelen Wesley , Cologna Camila T. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Hirani Nik , Dockrell David H. , Whyte Moira K. B. , Griffith David , Cantrell Doreen A. , Walmsley Sarah R. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe critical condition with a high mortality that is currently in focus given that it is associated with mortality caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neutrophils play a key role in the lung injury characteristic of non-COVID-19 ARDS and there is also accumulating evidence of neutrophil mediated lung injury in patients who succumb to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We undertook a functional proteomic and metabolomic survey of circulating neutrophil populations, comparing patients with COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS to understand the molecular basis of neutrophil dysregulation. Results: Expansion of the circulating neutrophil compartment and the presence of activated low and normal density mature and immature neutrophil populations occurs in ARDS, irrespective of cause. Release of neutrophil granule proteins, neutrophil activation of the clotting cascade and upregulation of the Mac-1 platelet binding complex with formation of neutrophil platelet aggregates is exaggerated in COVID-19 ARDS. Importantly, activation of components of the neutrophil type I interferon responses is seen in ARDS following infection with SARS-CoV-2, with associated rewiring of neutrophil metabolism, and the upregulation of antigen processing and presentation. Whilst dexamethasone treatment constricts the immature low density neutrophil population, it does not impact upon prothrombotic hyperinflammatory neutrophil signatures. Conclusions: Given the crucial role of neutrophils in ARDS and the evidence of a disordered myeloid response observed in COVID-19 patients, this work maps the molecular basis for neutrophil reprogramming in the distinct clinical entities of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - a resource for COVID-19 research: approaches to the identification of cases November 2020
Authors: Northstone Kate , Mummé Mark , Mitchell Ruth , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2021

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study reacted rapidly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying three online questionnaires in March, May and October 2020. Home-based antibody tests accompanied the third questionnaire. In addition, linkage to Public Health England (PHE) Pillar I and II testing results has been obtained for all participants who have consented or for whom we have NHS Confidentiality approval group permitted Section 251 access. For the purposes of ongoing study, we have identified likely cases of COVID-19 from available data. To determine likely cases, we have developed a hierarchy depending on the source of the data: self-report, antibody test result and Pillar I and II linkage and a combination thereof; providing more certainty in the case status. This data note describes how we have ascertained case status in ALSPAC. The subsequent case variable will be made available through our COVID release files alongside testing data from PHE.
Combined Effect of Low and High Rate of Corrugated Steel Fiber and Stirrups on Mechanical Performance of SFSCC Beams
Authors: Chaib Sihem , Lassoued Rachid 
Published: May 2021

In order to improve the fragile nature of concrete, and its low tensile strength, and with a view to giving it the desired properties, which serve to build more durable structures at less cost, the association of a self-consolidating concrete with fiber, is considered a wise combination. However, given the limited amount of research on the response of SFSCC structures, designers and engineers do not use this material with confidence. In the present work, an experimental companion was conducted, in the interest of examining, the combined effect of fibers and stirrups include low and high rate of steel fiber, on the behavior of SFSCC beams. This choice allowed working on economically viable SFSCC. Beams were made also with ordinary concrete and others with self-consolidating. Thirty-six beams were of identical cross-section 10x20cm and length of 120cm; carried out with or without longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Before proceeding with the main part of the research program, the concrete mixtures were characterized first in the fresh state by the following tests: Slump Flow, Time Flow T500; J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and Sieve stability, and then in the hardened state: compressive and tensile strengths. In the light of the results obtained, it was found that adding steel fibers to fresh self-consolidating concrete decreased its workability and fluidity, but improved its hardening properties. Subsequently, the addition of the steel fibers increased the flexural capacity of the beams significantly, and improved their ductility. Also, an addition of the steel fibers in an adequate percentage, in this case at 0.9%, made it possible to replace the shear reinforcements, and can lead to changing the mode of failure from a collapse by brittle shear, to a mechanism of ruin in ductile bending.
Grandparenting and participation in civil society
Authors: Hampton Jennifer May , Muddiman Esther 
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, Jennifer May Hampton and Esther Muddiman turn their attention to a lifecourse event that affects older members of the family through focusing on how becoming a grandparent both hinders and fosters civic participation. Using a combination of panel data from the Understanding Society survey and interview data with grandparents, they show that levels of civic participation, and especially volunteering, vary according to the grandparent’s employment status. In addition to their own engagement in civil society, grandparents also play an important part in the intergenerational transmission of what might be seen as ‘civic virtues’.
Firms
Authors: Robé Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2021

A sharp distinction must be made between the concepts of « firm » and of « corporation ». The firm is an organization performing an economic activity. The corporation is a type of legal person, most firms of some significance being organized using corporations. A World Wide Web of Contracts is in existence which connects almost everyone to almost everyone. In this web of contracts, some are pure sale and purchase contracts. At the other end of the spectrum, one finds relatively stable clusters of long-term contracts. Some are the contractual substratum of business firms. The Chapter goes on explaining the legal structure of the unincorporated business firm, its position in the World Wide Web of Contracts and the notion of the firm’s limits. It then explains the incorporation process and what changes when a corporation is used to legally structure a business firm. The importance for the corporation to be a legal person is stressed and the fact that the incorporation leads to two separate forms of property rights linked to the same assets - the property right over the productive assets and the property right over the shares of stock issued by the corporation - is explained.
Ultra-low-power four-wave mixing wavelength conversion in high-Q chalcogenide microring resonators
Authors: Jiang Wei C. , Li Kangmei , Gai Xin , Nolan Daniel A. , Dainese Paulo 
Published: May 2021

A compact

G
e

11.5

A
s

24

S
e

64.5

chalcogenide microring resonator is fabricated with an intrinsic quality factor of

3.0
×

10
5

in the telecom band. By taking advantage of the strong nonlinearity and cavity enhancement, highly efficient wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing is demonstrated using a microring resonator. Conversion efficiency of

−

33.7

d
B

is obtained by using an ultra-low pump power of 63.8 µW. This work shows that

G
e

11.5

A
s

24

S
e

64.5

chalcogenide microring devices are promising for quantum photonics.
Frequency stabilization of a quantum cascade laser by weak resonant feedback from a Fabry–Perot cavity
Authors: Zhao Gang , Tian Jianfei , Hodges Joseph T. , Fleisher Adam J. 
Published: May 2021

Frequency-stabilized mid-infrared lasers are valuable tools for precision molecular spectroscopy. However, their implementation remains limited by complicated stabilization schemes. Here we achieve optical self-locking of a quantum cascade laser to the resonant leak-out field of a highly mode-matched two-mirror cavity. The result is a simple approach to achieving stable frequencies from high-powered mid-infrared lasers. For short time scales (

<

0.1

m
s

), we report a linewidth reduction factor of

3

×

1

0

−
6

to a linewidth of 12 Hz. Furthermore, we demonstrate two-photon cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of an

N

2

O

overtone transition near a wavelength of 4.53 µm.
In-plane excitation of a topological nanophotonic corner state at telecom wavelengths in a cross-coupled cavity
Authors: He Xin-Tao , Li Meng-Yu , Qiu Hao-Yang , Ruan Wen-Sheng , Zhou Li-Dan , Liu Lin , Chen Xiao-Dong , Chen Wen-Jie , Zhao Fu-Li , Dong Jian-Wen 
Published: May 2021

In silicon photonics, the cavity mode is a fundamental mechanism to design integrated passive devices for on-chip optical information processing. Recently, the corner state in a second-order topological photonic crystal (PC) rendered a global method to achieve an intrinsic cavity mode. It is crucial to explore such a topological corner state in silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) under in-plane excitation. Here, we study both theoretically and experimentally the topological nanophotonic corner state in a silicon-on-insulator PC cavity at a telecommunications wavelength. In theory, the expectation values of a mirror-flip operation for the Bloch modes of a PC slab are used to characterize the topological phase. Derived from topologically distinct bulk polarizations of two types of dielectric-vein PCs, the corner state is induced in a 90-deg-bend interface, localizing at the corner point of real space and the Brillouin zone boundary of reciprocal space. To implement in-plane excitation in an experiment, we fabricate a cross-coupled PC cavity based on the bend interface and directly image the corner state near 1383 nm using a far-field microscope. Finally, by means of the temporal coupled-mode theory, the intrinsic

Q

factor of a cross-coupled cavity (about 8000) is retrieved from the measured transmission spectra. This work gives deterministic guidance and potential applications for cavity-mode-based passive devices in silicon PICs, such as optical filters, routers, and multiplexers.
Rapid testing requires clinical evaluation for accurate diagnosis of dengue disease: A passive surveillance study in Southern Malaysia
Authors: Ngim Chin Fang , Husain Syed M. Tupur , Hassan Sharifah Syed , Dhanoa Amreeta , Ahmad Siti Aisyah Abdul , Mariapun Jeevitha , Wan Ismail Wan Fadhilah , Botross Henien Nevein Philip , Jahan Nowrozy Kamar , Pong Lian Yih , Elshahawi Hesham , Hontz Robert D. , Warkentein Tyler , Yunos Nor’azim Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Background
Dengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne infection worldwide where an expanding surveillance and characterization of this infection are needed to better inform the healthcare system. In this surveillance-based study, we explored the prevalence and distinguishing features of dengue fever amongst febrile patients in a large community-based health facility in southern peninsular Malaysia.

Methods
Over six months in 2018, we recruited 368 adults who met the WHO 2009 criteria for probable dengue infection. They underwent the following blood tests: full blood count, dengue virus (DENV) rapid diagnostic test (RDT), ELISA (dengue IgM and IgG), nested RT-PCR for dengue, multiplex qRT-PCR for Zika, Chikungunya and dengue as well as PCR tests for Leptopspira spp., Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus.

Results
Laboratory-confirmed dengue infections (defined by positive tests in NS1, IgM, high-titre IgG or nested RT-PCR) were found in 167 (45.4%) patients. Of these 167 dengue patients, only 104 (62.3%) were positive on rapid diagnostic testing. Dengue infection was significantly associated with the following features: family or neighbours with dengue in the past week (AOR: 3.59, 95% CI:2.14–6.00, p<0.001), cutaneous rash (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI:1.77–7.23, p<0.001), increased temperature (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI:1.04–1.70, p = 0.021), leucopenia (white cell count < 4,000/μL) (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI:1.72–6.89, p<0.001) and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/μL)(AOR: 4.63, 95% CI:2.33–9.21, p<0.001). Dengue infection was negatively associated with runny nose (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI:0.29–0.78, p = 0.003) and arthralgia (AOR: 0.42, 95% CI:0.24–0.75, p = 0.004). Serotyping by nested RT-PCR revealed mostly mono-infections with DENV-2 (n = 64), DENV-1 (n = 32) and DENV-3 (n = 17); 14 co-infections occurred with DENV-1/DENV-2 (n = 13) and DENV-1/DENV-4 (n = 1). Besides dengue, none of the pathogens above were found in patients’ serum.

Conclusions
Acute undifferentiated febrile infections are a diagnostic challenge for community-based clinicians. Rapid diagnostic tests are increasingly used to diagnose dengue infection but negative tests should be interpreted with caution as they fail to detect a considerable proportion of dengue infection. Certain clinical features and haematological parameters are important in the clinical diagnosis of dengue infection.
PIVKA-II: A biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tartaglione Sara , Mancini Patrizia , Viggiani Valentina , Chirletti Piero , Angeloni Antonio , Anastasi Emanuela 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable cancer without adequate tumor markers. Our previous study has showed a better diagnostic performance of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II (PIVKA-II) compared to currently used PDAC biomarkers. To corroborate our previous data with a larger sample size and to assess a possible role of PIVKA-II in predicting surgical success. Additionally, to further evaluate the hypothesis of a direct PIVKA-II production by PDAC cells, we examined PIVKA-II tissue expression in a case of PDAC using immunofluorescence.MethodsWe enrolled 76 newly diagnosed PDAC patients and selected 11 patients to determine PIVKA-II levels also after surgical resection. An immunofluorescence (IF) study of PIVKA-II tissue expression was carried out in one of them. PIVKA-II serum values were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (CLEIA) on LUMIPULSE G1200 (Fujirebio-Europe, Belgium).ResultsPIVKA-II serum levels were above the cut-off at baseline in 71 patients (94%) with a median value of 464 mAU/Ml (range 27–40783 mAU/mL); the sensitivity and specificity were 78.67% and 90.67% respectively. Patients with pre-operative PIVKA-II positivity showed a significant decrease (P < 0.015) of median PIVKA-II serum concentrations after surgery: 820 (91–40783) mAU/mL at diagnosis vs 123 (31–4666) mAU/mL post-operatively. IF assay on PDAC sections demonstrated PIVKA-II expression in cancer cells.ConclusionThese data are the first showing a decreased PIVKA-II serum levels after surgery in PDAC patients and reporting PIVKA-II expression in PDAC tissue. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine PIVKA-II usefulness in diagnosing and monitoring PDAC patients.