bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chaos Analysis of the Brain Topology in Grey Matter Images for the Recognition of Psychosis
Authors: Korda Alexandra I. , Avram Mihai , Andreou Christina , Martinetz Thomas , Borgwardt Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Structural MRI studies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) patients have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities in frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortex areas. The aim of the present study was to employ chaos analysis in the identification of people with psychosis. Structural MRI were acquired from 73 CHR, 77 FEP and 44 healthy controls (HC). Chaos analysis of the grey matter distribution was performed: first, the distances of each voxel from the center of mass in the grey matter image was calculated. Next, the distances multiplied by the voxel intensity was represented as a spatial-series, which then was analyzed by extracting the Largest-Lyapunov-Exponent (lambda). The lambda brain map depicts how the grey matter topology changes. The classification of a subject’s clinical status was finally predicted by a) comparing the lambda brain maps, which resulted in statistically significant differences in FEP and CHR compared to HC; and b) matching the lambda series with the Morlet wavelet, which resulted in 100% accuracy in distinguishing between FEP and CHR. The proposed framework using spatial-series extraction enhances the classification decision for FEP, CHR and HC subjects, verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may potentially contribute to the identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis.
Optimization Parameter for Micro-Gripper Based on Triple-Stair Compliant Mechanism Using GTs-TOPSIS
Authors: Wang Chia–Nan , Le Thi Diem-My 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In manipulating the assembly of micro-components, the symmetrical microgripper mechanism often causes destruction, damaging the micro-components during manipulation. The reason is due to the phenomenon of non-uniform clamping force output of the clamp. From this disadvantage, a new asymmetric microgripper structure is proposed with stable output clamping force. The asymmetric microgripper structure will have a smaller output displacement than the symmetric structure. Therefore, to increase the output displacement gain, a flexible hinge with a triple stair half bridge-style mechanism is adopted to design the amplifier of the asymmetrical microgripper. The finite element method is applied to analyze the displacement and stress. The optimization process is performed based on the geometric parametric properties of the structure. Using the technology for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on the grey relationship analysis (GRA) obtained the maximal displacement output and minimal stress. The results show that the maximum output displacement is 5,818 mm, stress after analysis is 2,432MPa. The test is conducted to verify the optimal results and the effectiveness of the optimization method. Finally, experimental experiments were performed, with a 4.8% difference from the FEA results. The results from the experimental test verify that the microgripper's maximum displacement amplification ratio is approximately 58.2 times.
Simple Defocus Laser Irradiation to Suppress Self-Absorption in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Marpaung Alion Mangasi , Harefa Edward , Pardede Marincan , Karnadi Indra , Hedwig Rinda , Tanra Ivan , Suliyanti Maria Margaretha , Lie Zener Sukra , Shiddiq Muhandis , Ramli Muliadi , Lahna Kurnia , Jobiliong Eric , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur , Idris Nasrullah , Khumaeni Ali , Setiabudi Wahyu , Suyanto Hery , Lie Tjung Jie , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Kagawa Kiichiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This study introduces a novel and extremely simple way for suppressing the self-absorption effect in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) by utilizing a defocusing laser irradiation technique. It is claimed that defocusing laser irradiation produces more uniform laser plasma due to lower fluence than tight focus laser irradiation, hence greatly lowering the effect of self-absorption in the laser plasma. KCl and NaCl pellet samples were used to demonstrate this achievement. When the defocus position is adjusted to – 6 mm for KCl and NaCl samples, the self-reversal emission lines K I 766.4 nm, K I 769.9 nm, Na I 588.9 nm, and Na I 589.5 nm vanish. Meanwhile, the FWHM values of K I 766.4 and K I 769.9 nm are 0.29 nm and 0.23 nm, respectively, during -6 mm defocus laser irradiation, as opposed to 1.24 nm and 0.86 nm, under tight focus laser irradiation. Additionally, this work demonstrates that when the laser energy is changed in between 10 to 50 mJ, no self-reversal emission occurs when -6 mm defocus laser irradiation is applied. Finally, a linear calibration curve is generated using KCl at a high concentration ranging between K concentration from 16.6–29%. This simple change of defocus laser irradiation will undoubtedly contribute to the suppression of the self-absorption phenomenon, which disrupts LIBS analytical results.
Aspects Regarding the Redesign of a Component of the Vertical Lifting Module Used in Sustainable Production Management
Authors: Torcatoru Constantin , Săvescu Dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To remain competitive on the market with a developed product, it’s very important to analyze the manufacturing costs and times, from the concept stage of the product. Design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) is one of the engineering methods that can be applied to reduce manufacturing costs and times, right from the design stage, without compromising product performance and reliability. The 3D modeling of the tray was made in Solidworks, and for the analysis of it’s manufacture and assembly, the Boothroyd and Dewhurst principle and recommendations from the DFMA software were followed. This paper presents a case study for a subassembly called a tray, used in automatic vertical storage systems. For the redesigned model, substantial improvements were obtained, through cost reductions of 12% and an increase in design efficiency from 4.86 to 12.03. Product analysis using DFMA has proven to be a key point in the development of a product that meets engineers.
The CYP24A1 Gene Variant rs2762943 Is Associated With Low Serum 1,25- Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels In Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Malhotra Sunny , Midaglia Luciana , Chuquisana Omar , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A , Ferrer Roser , Giralt Marina , Fissolo Nicolas , Gil-Varea Elia , Lünemann Jan D , Montalban Xavier , Comabella Manuel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is considered to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis. We recently identified a polymorphism located in the cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (CYP24A1) gene, rs2762943, that was found to be associated with an increased risk for MS. CYP24A1 codes for a protein that is involved in the catabolism of the active form of vitamin D. Here, we investigated the immunological effects of carrying the risk allele for the rs2762943 polymorphism, as well as its role as genetic modifier in MS patients. Methods: Serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured in a cohort of 167 MS patients. In a subgroup of these patients, expression levels of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules were determined by flow cytometry in blood cell populations, and the levels of proinflammatory (IFNG, GM-CSF, CXCL13) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and neurofilament light chain were measured by single-molecule array assays in serum samples. The effect of the rs2762943 polymorphism on disease activity and disability progression measures was evaluated in a cohort of 340 MS patients. Results: Compared to non-carriers, MS patients carrying the risk allele for rs2762943 were characterized by reduced levels of 1,25(OH)2D (p=0.0001), and elevated levels of IFNG (p=0.03) and GM-CSF (p=0.008), whereas no significant differences were observed between risk allele carriers and non-carriers groups for the other evaluated markers. The presence of the risk allele for rs2762943 had no significant impact on the annualized relapse rate, EDSS and MSSS measures during follow-up. However, risk allele carriers were younger at disease onset (p=0.04). Discussion: These findings suggest that the CYP24A1 rs2762943 gene variant plays a more important role on MS susceptibility than on disease prognosis, and is associated with lower 1,25(OH)2D levels and heightened pro-inflammatory environment in MS patients.
CH02 Peptide Promotes CD34+ Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo Expansion
Authors: Yang Yiqi , Zhang Bihui , Xie Junye , Cai Yuling , Liu Jia , Zhang Yibo , Cao Jieqiong , Su Zijian , Zhang Jinting , Meng Qilin , Li Jingsheng , Li Fu , Zhai Zhaodong , Liu Bin , Hong An , Chen Xiaojia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been clinically used for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation. However, limited numbers of the functional UCB-HSCs from single cord blood restricts its application in adults, while most of the strategies for stem cells expansion in vitro are either inefficient or costly. To overcome these obstacles, we evaluated the potential role of our newly identified CH02 peptide in ex vivo culture expansion of CD34+ UCB-HSCs. Methods: Enriched human CD34+ progenitor/stem cells populations were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with different cytokines combinations for 8 days. These cytokines combinations included various concentration of CH02 peptide or the FLT3 ligand, with a cocktail of several growth factors such as IL-6, SCF and TPO. In addition, the global gene expression profile of the CD34+ cells cultured under different conditions were monitored through RNA-seq experiments. Furthermore, the expanded CD34+ cells were topically transplanted into the dorsal wounds of diabetic mice, and the wound closure was observed to evaluate the pro-repair ability of CH02-cultured CD34+ cells.Results: We herein report that the combination of CH02 peptide and other cytokines under the serum-free medium can effectively expand the CD34+ HSCs into 12-fold within 7 days while maintaining their stem cell properties. Moreover, CH02 peptide increased the anti-inflammatory and growth-promoting capacity of CD34+ cells, and thus accelerating wound healing of diabetic mice via promoting the anti-inflammatory and inhibiting the inflammatory factors.Conclusions: Together, our CH02 peptide demonstrated promising potentials to improve HSCs expansion for clinical application.
New Directions in Quantum Computing for a Tectonic Shift of Technological Change
Authors: Coccia Mario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quantum computer and computing are areas of theoretical and experimental research having a phase of growth that can generate a tectonic shift of the evolution of technology in society. The scientific and technological development in quantum research is due to a range of driving technological trajectories that are growing to solve more and more complex problems. The goal of this study is to detect emerging research fields and technological trajectories of quantum computing to explain and generalize, whenever possible, the technological characteristics of evolutionary dynamics in science and technology. Database of Scopus concerning documents and patents is used for statistical analyses to determine the growth of research fields and technological trajectories having a high potential impact in science and society. Results suggest that quantum research is driven by emerging scientific and technological trajectories given by Qubits, Quantum optics, Quantum circuit, Semiconductor quantum dots and quantum information. Overall, this study explains, whenever possible, emerging research fields and technological technologies in quantum computing that support scientific and technological change directed to future economic and social progress. Finally, technology analysis of this study can help policymakers to support the allocation of resources for all areas of Quantum Science having a high potential of growth and positive impact in science and society.
A Computer Science Unplugged Activity: CityMap
Authors: YILDIZ Merve , KARAL Hasan 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the process of writing algorithms using step by step instructions of students through computer science unplugged activity. Accordingly, CityMap activity which is related to daily life and scenario based was developed. The aim of this activity is to write algorithms of going from one place to another using step by step instructions. The rules are also to reach the destination with the shortest way and the least number of steps using correct instructions. The study group consists of 15 sixth grade students. The case study was used as a research method. For the activity, a map and a worksheet designed by the researchers were used as data collection tools and an answer key was used for the analysis. Both individual and group evaluation were made and for this process gamification components were used. The findings revealed that students could wrote algorithms step by step instructions for the tasks determined in the activity. In addition, it was concluded that using of the gamification components made the activity more enjoyable and the students be motivated towards learning of computer science.
An innovative subterranean spring capture method for improved water quality
Authors: Ten Pas Derek , Bogdajewicz Carly , Wildschut Julie , Tatko Chad , Hoeksema Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many rural communities in Andean countries of South America rely on springs as their primary drinking water source. A variety of spring capture methods are employed resulting in varying water quality. Water from these spring-fed sources, delivered to the community via a distribution network, is often not chlorinated, increasing the risk of water-borne pathogens. A simple, improved technique has been developed in Ecuador's Chimborazo Province by a local Christian organization, Corporación de Desarrollo Integral Socio Económico (CODEINSE), to protect spring water sources for community water supply. This new technique, ‘the CODEINSE method’, builds on the strengths of traditional subterranean spring captures while employing several design improvements, like a concrete cap and sufficient gravel pack, to prevent surface water contamination. According to water quality data collected in Ecuador, the CODEINSE method consistently provides high-quality water with substantially reduced levels of water-borne pathogens compared to traditional spring capture methods. On average, the CODEINSE method yields water with less than 1.0 CFU/100 mL, water that is deemed no risk by the World Health Organization. The CODEINSE method has the potential to improve water quality not only in the rural Andean communities in Ecuador but also in developing countries across the world.
Small Molecules Originated from Tryptophan and their Clinical Significance
as Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Miękus Natalia , Kowalik Katarzyna , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

Background:
L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid necessary for the human body to
function. Its degradation occurs through two metabolic pathways. Approximately 95 % of the Ltryptophan
available in the body is converted via the kynurenine pathway, while the remainder is
degraded via the serotonin pathway. Properly maintained balance between the concentrations of
individual small molecular metabolites is extremely important to maintain homeostasis in the human
body, and its disruption could lead to the development of numerous neurological, neurodegenerative,
neoplastic, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Recent reports have suggested that by
controlling the levels of selected L-tryptophan metabolites (potential biomarkers), it is possible to
diagnose numerous diseases, monitor their course, and assess patient prognosis.

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to review the currently important clinical applications of selected
biomarkers from the L-tryptophan metabolism pathways that would be helpful in early diagnosis,
monitoring the course and treatment of serious diseases of affluence, which ultimately could
improve the patients’ quality of life, as well as support targeted therapy of the aforementioned diseases.

Conclusion:
Since the biochemical biomarkers determination in body fluids presents the ideal minimally
invasive tool in the patents’ diagnosis and prognostication, this study emphasizes the current
trends and perspectives of application of analysis of selected L-tryptophan metabolites named
kynurenine and serotonin-derived small compounds in the routine medical procedures.
Identification of Conserved Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid
Protein
Authors: Forcelloni Sergio , Benedetti Anna , Dilucca Maddalena , Giansanti Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel
virus that first occurred in Wuhan in December 2019. The spike glycoproteins and nucleocapsid
proteins are the most common targets for the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Objective:
We herein analyze the rate of evolution along with the sequences of spike and nucleocapsid
proteins in relation to the spatial locations of their epitopes, previously suggested to contribute
to the immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Methods:
We compare homologous proteins of seven human coronaviruses: HCoV-229E, HCoV-
-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. We then focus
on the local, structural order-disorder propensity of the protein regions where the SARS-CoV-2 epitopes
are located.

Results:
We show that most of nucleocapsid protein epitopes overlap the RNA-binding and dimerization
domains, and some of them are characterized by a low rate of evolutions. Similarly, spike
protein epitopes are preferentially located in regions that are predicted to be ordered and wellconserved,
in correspondence of the heptad repeats 1 and 2. Interestingly, both the receptor-binding
motif to ACE2 and the fusion peptide of spike protein are characterized by a high rate of evolution.

Conclusion:
Our results provide evidence for conserved epitopes that might help develop broad-
-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
2 Receptor Specific Ligand Conjugated Nanocarriers: An Effective Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Tuberculosis
Authors: Sawarkar Sujata , Prabhu Pratiksha , Fernandes Trinette , Damani Mansi , Chaubey Pramila , Narayanan Shridhar 
Published: December 2021

:Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient chronic disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which has affected mankind for more than 4,000 years. Compliance with the standard conventional treatment can assure recovery from tuberculosis, but the emergence of drug-resistant strains poses a great challenge for the effective management of tuberculosis. The process of discovery and development of new therapeutic entities with better specificity and efficacy is unpredictable and time-consuming. Hence, delivery of pre-existing drugs with improved targetability is the need of the hour. Enhanced delivery and targetability can ascertain improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity, decreased frequency of dosing and therefore better patient compliance. Nanoformulations are being explored for effective delivery of therapeutic agents, however, optimum specificity is not guaranteed. In order to achieve specificity, ligands specific to receptors or cellular components of macrophage and Mycobacteria can be conjugated to nanocarriers. This approach can improve localization of existing drug molecules at the intramacrophageal site where the parasites reside, improve targeting to the unique cell wall structure of Mycobacterium or improve adhesion to the epithelial surface of intestine or alveolar tissue (lectins). The present review focuses on the investigation of various ligands like Mannose, Mycolic acid, Lectin, Aptamers, etc., installed nanocarriers that are being envisaged for targeting antitubercular drugs.
Pharmacological Importance of Peach Gum Polysaccharide: A Review
Authors: Goh Ken Yang , Gew Lai Ti 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Peach gum is a natural gum exudate secreted from a peach tree (Prunus
persica) by a process known as physiological gummosis. Peach gum is a natural biopolymer that is
composed of acidic polysaccharides with a high percentage of arabinose and galactose subunit,
which classifies it as an arabinogalactan.

Objectives:
This review summarizes the composition, chemical structures, physical properties and
biological properties of peach gum, and its potential biotechnological applications.

Method:
A literature search was performed using Google Scholar with keywords as Peach Gum
and Prunus persica. Only articles written in English and articles with downloadable full-texts were
included in this review.

Results:
Peach gum polysaccharides possess antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic, and hypolipidemic
properties. Excellent emulsification properties of PGP show that it has the potential to
be employed as a food-grade emulsifier.

Conclusion:
PGP exhibits excellent emulsification, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic
properties. As plastic pollution has become an alarming global issue, PGP could be a
promising edible raw material in the field of bioplastic research and development.
Health Care Students’ Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: Countrywide Survey in Canada
Authors: Teng Minnie , Singla Rohit , Yau Olivia , Lamoureux Daniel , Gupta Aurinjoy , Hu Zoe , Hu Ricky , Aissiou Amira , Eaton Shane , Hamm Camille , Hu Sophie , Kelly Dayton , MacMillan Kathleen M , Malik Shamir , Mazzoli Vienna , Teng Yu-Wen , Laricheva Maria , Jarus Tal , Field Thalia S 
Published: December 2021

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept; it is increasingly being integrated into health care. As studies on attitudes toward AI have primarily focused on physicians, there is a need to assess the perspectives of students across health care disciplines to inform future curriculum development.

Objective
This study aims to explore and identify gaps in the knowledge that Canadian health care students have regarding AI, capture how health care students in different fields differ in their knowledge and perspectives on AI, and present student-identified ways that AI literacy may be incorporated into the health care curriculum.

Methods
The survey was developed from a narrative literature review of topics in attitudinal surveys on AI. The final survey comprised 15 items, including multiple-choice questions, pick-group-rank questions, 11-point Likert scale items, slider scale questions, and narrative questions. We used snowball and convenience sampling methods by distributing an email with a description and a link to the web-based survey to representatives from 18 Canadian schools.

Results
A total of 2167 students across 10 different health professions from 18 universities across Canada responded to the survey. Overall, 78.77% (1707/2167) predicted that AI technology would affect their careers within the coming decade and 74.5% (1595/2167) reported a positive outlook toward the emerging role of AI in their respective fields. Attitudes toward AI varied by discipline. Students, even those opposed to AI, identified the need to incorporate a basic understanding of AI into their curricula.

Conclusions
We performed a nationwide survey of health care students across 10 different health professions in Canada. The findings would inform student-identified topics within AI and their preferred delivery formats, which would advance education across different health care professions.