bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Great Recession weighted on Portuguese children: A structural equation modeling approach considering eating patterns
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Carmo Ariene , Gama Augusta , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Nogueira Helena , Rosado‐Marques Vítor , Silva Maria‐Raquel , Padez Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesFurther evidence on how the Great Recession was associated with childhood obesity is needed, particularly when the world is facing a new and severe economic downturn caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explores: (1) the direct association of the 2008's economic crisis with eating patterns and body mass index (BMI), among children, independently of their socioeconomic status (SES), and (2) the indirect association between the crisis and children's BMI, by using eating patterns as mediators.MethodsA sample of children (n = 8472, mean age: 7.17 years old, 50.8% male) was recruited in schools from the cities of Porto, Coimbra and Lisbon, Portugal. Children's height and weight were objectively measured; BMI was calculated. Other data were collected by a parental questionnaire. A structural equation modeling studied the associations between the economic crisis impact, eating patterns, and BMI; model was adjusted for SES.ResultsChildren in families that reported a greater impact of the economic crisis showed higher consumption of unhealthy food items and lower consumption of healthy foods, regardless of SES. Indirectly, children whose parents scored higher in the economic crisis impact had higher BMI mediated by a higher consumption of cakes/chocolates and lower intake of vegetables/salads.ConclusionsThe economic crisis was associated with higher BMI and unhealthy eating patterns. Efforts to promote healthy diets and weight are needed at a population level rather than for specific social classes, particularly in the face of a new economic crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Effect of malaxing time and temperature on rheological properties of 'Hass' avocado pulp and oil yield during oil extraction
Authors: Yang Shuo , Hallett Ian , Oh Hyunah Eustina , Woolf Allan B. , Wong Marie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract'Hass' is the main avocado cultivar grown worldwide. The extraction yield of avocado oil is dependent on pre‐ and postharvest factors as well as processing and extraction conditions. During a cold extraction process, avocado flesh is ground and then slow mixed or malaxed (≤50°C) to release oil from cells, and to aggregate and coalesce the oil droplets. The influence of malaxing conditions, including time and temperature, on oil yield, changes to cell integrity and oil aggregation in 'Hass' avocado fruit pulp was investigated with electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, light microscopy, and rheological measurements at different times during the avocado harvest season. Cell integrity, measured by electrical resistance and conductivity values, did not change with increasing malaxing temperature, which indicated that malaxing temperature did not assist cellular disruption or oil release during malaxing. Malaxing time and temperature reduced the viscosity, increased the mobility of oil droplets, and reduced the storage modulus (G′) of the pulp tissue. The longer time and higher temperatures during malaxing resulted in more oil droplets coalescing leading to increased aggregation to form larger droplets which were easier to separate during centrifugation. The oil yield increased by ≈130% as the malaxing temperature increased from 30 to 50°C, but the actual yield was also influenced by time of harvest during the season.
Influence of molecular weight on thermal and mechanical properties of bisphenol A‐based phthalonitrile resins
Authors: Butler Tristan , Bunton Caleb , Ryou Heonjune , Dyatkin Boris , Weise Nickolaus , Laskoski Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis effort assesses the correlation between chemical structures and performance‐essential thermal, mechanical, and long‐term stability properties of cross‐linked thermosets. Resins of different molecular weights were prepared from the Bisphenol A based PEEK™‐like oligomeric phthalonitrile (BisA). Differential scanning calorimetry, which was used to investigate curing thermodynamics, indicated that BisA resins demonstrated positive correlation between increasing oligomer molecular weight and both resulting melting points and cure initiation conditions. Characterization of thermal properties using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a similar molecular weight trend, with char yields ranging between 57% and 73%. Rheological studies of BisA of different molecular weights indicated significant viscosity increases in phthalonitriles that cross‐linked from oligomers with higher molecular weights. Moreover, the n = 1 chain length resin exhibited a gel point at 100°C lower than the n = 25 oligomer. Analysis of hardness of these cured polymers indicated that the resin cross‐linked using the n = 1 oligomer was most brittle, while the thermoset derived from the n = 4 BisA demonstrated highest hardness. Aging of cured phthalonitriles indicated that the n = 10 remained most stable in long‐duration high‐temperature environments. This study suggests the use of preparing BisA thermosets from oligomers with different molecular weights as an effective strategy for improving toughness, albeit at the tradeoff of lower thermal stabilities.
Emulsion templated polymer monoliths containing cellulose nanocrystals: Synthesis and adsorption properties
Authors: Eslek Ali , Kekevi Burcu , Mert Hatice Hande , Mert Emine Hilal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) loaded hierarchical macroporous polymer monoliths were synthesized through high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating. For this purpose, unmodified CNCs were used as nanofiller in various amounts during HIPE preparation. The effect of CNCs loading on the hierarchical pore structure and mechanical properties was investigated. It was demonstrated that mechanical strength was significantly improved by CNCs loading. In order to reveal an application field, adsorptive property of resulting monoliths was investigated against Nile blue dye. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of cationic Nile blue was 54% for the neat monolith, while it was 70% for the monolith prepared by 9 wt% CNCs loading. Meanwhile, the kinetic evaluation of the experimental adsorption data revealed that the adsorption follows pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and it is consistent with Freundlich isotherm.
Synthesis and structural characterization of N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan
Authors: Kang Yu , Liu Zhi , Long Yingyun , Wang Baolong , Yang Xu , Sha Di , Shi Kai , Ji Xiangling , Li Bai , Liu Yonggang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractN,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with molar mass 29 ~ 136 kg/mol and degree of quaternization 70% ~ 82% was synthesized from chitosan via N,N‐dimethyl chitosan (DMC) by a two‐step method. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multiangle laser light scattering was employed to characterize the molar mass and chain conformation of DMC and TMC. Nearly no degradation was found for DMC, but degradation by ~50% was observed from TMC. Apart from degradation, the shift of SEC peak toward higher elution volume for N‐methylated chitosan was attributed to the increase in chain flexibility. It was shown that chitosan, DMC, and TMC took a random coil conformation in 200 mM acetate buffer, with persistence length decreased from 10 nm for chitosan, to 5.7 nm for DMC and 3.2 nm for TMC. The significant increase in chain flexibility upon N‐methylation is most probably due to the breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between chitosan repeating units.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound training encourages self‐directed learning and increases confidence for clinical and anatomical appreciation of first‐year medical students
Authors: Brown Casey C. , Arrington Shalynn D. , Olson Jay F. , Finch Charles A. , Nydam Randall L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBest‐practice guidelines have incorporated ultrasound in diagnostic and procedural medicine. Due to this demand, the Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine initiated a comprehensive integration of ultrasound into its first‐year anatomy course attended by more than 280 students. Ultrasound workshops were developed to enhance student conceptualization of musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy through visualizing clinically important anatomical relationships, a simulated lumbar puncture during the back unit, carpal tunnel and shoulder evaluations during the upper limb unit, and plantar fascia, calcaneal tendon, and tarsal tunnel evaluations during the lower limb unit. A 5‐point Likert scale survey evaluated if ultrasound improved students' self‐perceived anatomical and clinical comprehension of relevant anatomy, improved students' ability to orient to ultrasound imagery, and prompted further independent investigation of the anatomical area. Ultrasound examination questions were added to the anatomy examinations. Two‐tailed one‐sample t‐tests for the back, upper limb, and lower limb units were found to be significant across all Likert survey categories (P < 0.001). Positive student responses to the Likert survey in conjunction with examination question average of 84.3% (±10.3) demonstrated that the ultrasound workshops are beneficial to student education. Ultrasound enhances medical students' clinical and anatomical comprehension and ability to orient to ultrasound imagery for MSK anatomy. This study supports early ultrasound education as a mechanism to encourage students' independent learning as evidenced by many undertaking voluntary investigation of clinical concerns associated with MSK anatomy. This study establishes the successful integration of MSK ultrasound into a large medical school program and its benefit to student clinical education.
A contextualization of editorial misconduct in the library and information science academic information ecosystem
Authors: Green Lucy Santos , Johnston Melissa P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, one of the most effective tools applied in combating the erosion of public trust in academic research has been an increased level of transparency in the peer review and editorial process. Publicly available publication ethics guidelines and policies are vital in creating a transparent process that prevents unethical research, publication misconduct, manipulation of the communication of research to practitioners, and the erosion of public trust. This study investigated how these unethical practices, specifically those coded as editorial misconduct, bring the authenticity and integrity of the library and information science academic research digital record into question. Employing a multi‐layered approach, including key informant interviews, researchers determined the frequency and the content of ethical publishing policies and procedures in library and information science journals; exploring the ways the lack of, or nonadherence to these policies and procedures impacted library and information science researchers in instances of editorial misconduct.
Academic achievement and needs of school‐aged children born with selected congenital anomalies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Glinianaia Svetlana V. , McLean Ashleigh , Moffat Malcolm , Shenfine Rebekka , Armaroli Annarita , Rankin Judith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChildren with congenital anomalies have poorer intellectual and cognitive development compared to their peers, but evidence for academic achievement using objective measures is lacking. We aimed to summarize and synthesize evidence on academic outcomes and special education needs (SEN) of school‐aged children born with selected major structural congenital anomalies. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Natural Science and Education Collections), reference lists and citations for 1990–2020 were systematically searched. We included original‐research articles on academic achievement in children with non‐syndromic congenital anomalies that involved school test results, standardized tests and/or SEN data. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to estimate pooled mean test scores in mathematics and/or reading where possible and pooled odds ratios (ORs) for SEN in children with severe congenital heart defects (CHDs) and children with orofacial clefts (OFCs). Thirty‐nine eligible studies (n = 21,066 children) were synthesized narratively. Sixteen studies were included in meta‐analyses. Children with non‐syndromic congenital anomalies were at a higher risk of academic underachievement than controls across school levels. Children with severe CHD (pooled OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.82), and children with OFC (OR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.57), OR = 3.07 (95% CI: 2.65, 3.56), and OR = 3.96 (95% CI: 3.31, 4.72) for children with cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip/palate, respectively) had significantly higher ORs for SEN than controls. Children with non‐syndromic congenital anomalies underperform academically and have higher SEN rates compared to their peers. Early monitoring and development of differential SEN are important to promote academic progress in these children.
FERM domain‐containing protein 6 exerts a tumor‐inhibiting role in thyroid cancer by antagonizing oncogenic YAP1
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Chang'an , Quan Fang , Zhang Pengfei , Shao Yuan , Liu Lifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe emerging role of FERM domain‐containing protein 6 (FRMD6) in cancer progression has been revealed in several malignancies. However, its relevance on thyroid cancer is not well understood. This work evaluated the possible role and mechanism of FRMD6 in thyroid cancer. We demonstrated that FRMD6 expression was downregulated in thyroid cancer by analyzing the Cancer Genome Atlas data. Remarkable reductions in FRMD6 expression were also confirmed in the clinical specimens and cell lines of thyroid cancer. The upregulation of FRMD6 restrained the proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and invasion of thyroid cancer. Moreover, FRMD6 overexpression significantly increased the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Further molecular research demonstrated that the overexpression of FRMD6 increased the phosphorylation levels of mammalian STE20‐like protein kinase 1, large tumor suppressor 1, and Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) and prohibited the activation of YAP1. The re‐expression of constitutively active YAP1 strikingly reversed FRMD6‐induced tumor‐inhibiting effects. Thyroid cancer cells overexpressing FRMD6 had a weakened ability to form xenograft tumors in vivo in nude mice. Overall, the overexpression of FRMD6 produces remarkable tumor‐inhibiting effects in thyroid cancer by inhibiting oncogenic YAP1.
Folding dynamics of polymorphic G‐quadruplex structures
Authors: Grün J. Tassilo , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: October 2021

AbstractG‐quadruplexes (G4), found in numerous places within the human genome, are involved in essential processes of cell regulation. Chromosomal DNA G4s are involved for example, in replication and transcription as first steps of gene expression. Hence, they influence a plethora of downstream processes. G4s possess an intricate structure that differs from canonical B‐form DNA. Identical DNA G4 sequences can adopt multiple long‐lived conformations, a phenomenon known as G4 polymorphism. A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive G4 folding is essential to understand their ambivalent regulatory roles. Disentangling the inherent dynamic and polymorphic nature of G4 structures thus is key to unravel their biological functions and make them amenable as molecular targets in novel therapeutic approaches. We here review recent experimental approaches to monitor G4 folding and discuss structural aspects for possible folding pathways. Substantial progress in the understanding of G4 folding within the recent years now allows drawing comprehensive models of the complex folding energy landscape of G4s that we herein evaluate based on computational and experimental evidence.
How can firms access bank finance for circular business model innovation?
Authors: Toxopeus Helen , Achterberg Elisa , Polzin Friedemann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccess to bank finance has emerged as a key challenge for firms engaged in circular business model innovation (circular BMI), both in practice and in the academic literature. Through interviews, focus groups and archival documents, we document the experience of firms accessing finance for circular BMI and assess bank willingness to lend to firms that engage in circular BMI. Our findings offer potential strategies for firms who look for external (bank) finance to realise circular BMI. Using a case study‐based theory‐refining approach, we identify three core strategies that firms can use to obtain bank finance for circular BMI. First, firms can signal future cash flow expectations by aiming to secure customer contracts and preorders. Second, relationship building with banks, suppliers and customers improves the banks' risk perception of firms. Third, firms can design standardised, long‐lasting circular assets that can serve as bank collateral, especially once secondary markets develop, overcoming the difficulty of lending based on innovative, firm‐specific assets.
Volumetric burden of metastatic lesions drives outcomes in patients with extracranial oligometastatic disease
Authors: Cao Yilin , Chen Hanbo , Sahgal Arjun , Erler Darby , Badellino Serena , Biswas Tithi , Dagan Roi , Foote Matthew C. , Louie Alexander V. , Poon Ian , Ricardi Umberto , Redmond Kristin J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that the total volume of metastases at initial oligometastatic (OM) presentation to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an important prognostic factor that can refine the definition of OM disease.MethodsPatients with extracranial oligometastatic cancer (≤5 lesions) treated with SBRT were included in an international multi‐institutional database. Multivariable Cox and competing risks regression models were used to determine the relationship between distant progression‐free survival (DPFS), widespread progression (WSP), and overall survival (OS) with the total planning target volume (PTV) at initial OM presentation to SBRT. All models were adjusted for histology, pre‐SBRT systemic therapy, osseous‐only lesions, and number of metastases.ResultsIn total, 961 patients were included. The median follow‐up was 24.4 months (IQR: 13.8–37.5). Total PTV had a significant effect on DPFS in the first 18 months after SBRT and was most profound in the first 6 months, when each twofold increase in total PTV conferred a 40.6% increased risk of distant progression (p < 0.001). Each twofold increase in total PTV increased the risk of WSP by 45.4% in the first 6 months (p < 0.001). Total PTV had a significant effect on OS in the first 2 years after SBRT, with each twofold PTV change increasing the risk of death by 60.7% during the first 6 months (p < 0.001) and by 34% thereafter (p < 0.001). Exploratory gross tumor volume (GTV) analysis confirmed the PTV‐based observations.ConclusionThe total volumetric burden of metastases at initial OM presentation to SBRT is strongly and independently prognostic for the risk of distant and widespread progression and survival. We propose that this metric should drive the definition of OM disease and guide treatment decision‐making.
Safety of thoracic radiotherapy after PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Xinchao , Huang Zhaoqin , Zhao Kaikai , Wang Yao , Ren Fei , Yu Jinming , Meng Xiangjiao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) after programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐(L)1) inhibitor treatment in patients with lung cancer was scarcely reported. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, severity, and risk factors of symptomatic treatment‐related pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer who received this sequential combination.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of a cohort of patients with lung cancer who received TRT after at least two cycles of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment between January 2018 and August 2020. Treatment‐related pneumonitis was evaluated and analyzed to illustrate the safety profile of this sequential combination. Potential risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong the 828 patients with prior PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment, 96 patients receiving subsequent TRT were included in the analysis. Of these, 49 patients (51%) received radical TRT while 47 patients (49%) received palliative TRT. The median total dose was 52 Gy (IQR 50–60 Gy). The median time from the initiation of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment to TRT was 4.8 months (1.6–14.1 months) with most of the patients (74%) administering no less than four cycles of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor. During follow‐up, 47 patients (48.96%) developed symptomatic treatment‐related pneumonitis (grade 2 n = 28, grade ≥3 n = 19) while six patients (6.25%) suffered from fatal toxicity. The median time of pneumonitis onset after completion of TRT was 35 days (0–177 days) with six patients developing during TRT. Pulmonary emphysema and lung V20 were demonstrated to be independent risk factors of symptomatic pneumonitis (OR: 5.67, 95% CI: 1.66–19.37, p = 0.006; OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.41–8.66, p = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionTRT after PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment resulted in significantly increased incidence and severity of treatment‐related pneumonitis in patients with lung cancer. Intensive attention should be emphasized to the safety of this sequential combination in clinical practice.
Outcomes of intravascular ultrasound versus optical coherence tomography guided percutaneous coronary angiography: A meta regression‐based analysis
Authors: Sattar Yasar , Abdul Razzack Aminah , Kompella Ritika , Alhajri Noora , Arshad Junaid , Ullah Waqas , Zghouzi Mohamed , Mir Tanveer , Power David , Qureshi Waqas T. , Aljaroudi Wael , Elgendy Islam Y. , Mamas Mamas A. , Alraies M. Chadi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies comparing clinical outcomes with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) versus optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients presenting with coronary artery disease, including stable angina or acute coronary syndrome, are limited.MethodsWe performed a detailed search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared cardiovascular outcomes of IVUS versus OCT. Data were aggregated for the primary outcome measure using the random‐effects model as pooled risk ratio (RR). The primary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiac mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke.ResultsA total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 5917 patients (OCT n = 2075; IVUS n = 3842). OCT‐PCI versus IVUS‐guided PCI comparison yielded no statistically significant results for all the outcomes; MACE (RR 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–1.09; p = 0.14), cardiac mortality (RR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.27–3.46; p = 0.96), all‐cause mortality (RR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.39–1.39; p = 0.35), MI (RR 1.27; 95% CI, 0.52–3.07; p = 0.60), ST (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.13–3.61; p = 0.67), TLR (RR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.53–2.25; p = 0.81), and stroke (RR 2.32; 95% CI, 0.42–12.90; p = 0.34). Furthermore, there was no effect modification on meta‐regression including demographics, comorbidities, lesion location, lesion length, and stent type.ConclusionsIn this meta‐analysis, OCT‐guided PCI was associated with no difference in clinical outcomes compared with IVUS‐guided PCI.