bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cognitive control and mood across repeated exercise sessions
Authors: Nieman Teran , Bergelt Maximilian , Clancy Jessica , Regan Kayla , Hobson Nic , dos Santos Alexander , Middleton Laura E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute exercise elicits benefits to cognition and mood. The consistency and accumulation of benefits across exercise sessions remains unclear. This exploratory study evaluated the reproducibility and accumulation of changes in cognitive control and mood across multiple exercise sessions. Thirty young healthy adults (18–35 years) were recruited to exercise (N = 14; age: 21.71 [SD = 1.64]; 57% female) or control (N = 16; age: 22.25 [SD = 3.68]; 56% female) groups. Participants attended six sessions over 2 weeks (EX = 20‐min mod‐intensity cycling; CO = 20‐min reading). Cognitive control was assessed using a Flanker task (accuracy‐adjusted response time, RTLISAS) pre‐/post‐intervention. Mood was reported 5×/day on exercise and non‐exercise days (pre, post, 11:30 am, 3 pm, and 8 pm) using the Bond–Lader VAS. Cognitive control and mood improved acutely (within session) following exercise compared with control (F(1, 592) = 6.11, p = .0137; F(1, 305.93) = 38.68, p < .0001; F(1, 307.06) = 13.69, p = .0003) and were consistent across sessions. Cognitive control also improved across sessions in both groups (F(5, 282.22) = 11.06, p < .0001). These results suggest that: (1) acute effects of exercise on cognition and mood are consistent across multiple sessions; (2) the Flanker task learning effects continue over many trials/sessions; and (3) accumulated mood effects require further investigation. Future studies should further explore the connection between acute exercise exposures and accumulated cognitive benefits.
Temporal changes in the ground vegetation in spruce forests in the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) — bryophytes are better indicators of the impact of liming and of sulphur and nitrogen deposition than the herb layer
Authors: Baumann Martin , Dittrich Sebastian , Körner Michael , von Oheimb Goddert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuestionsHow have species composition and diversity in the herb and bryophyte layer of spruce forest communities developed on unlimed plots and on plots with varying liming intensity under the conditions of decreasing sulphur (S) deposition and unabated high nitrogen (N) deposition?LocationSpruce stands in the Erzgebirge, East Germany.MethodsWe repeated herb and bryophyte layer surveys on 36 quasi‐permanent plots after approx. 23 years (1989/1991 vs 2012/2014). Over this period, the study area experienced a sharp decline in S deposition and repeated liming of the spruce stands. Our plots represent a gradient of liming from zero to four applications. We analyse the change in species composition and species diversity depending on the liming intensity using Ellenberg indicator values (EIV), correspondence analysis, indicator species analysis and diversity parameters (alpha diversity, Lennon similarity).ResultsOn the unlimed plots, the species composition of the herb layer remained unchanged over the study period, despite the decrease in the coverage of Calamagrostis villosa and Deschampsia flexuosa and in the total coverage of the herb layer. In contrast, the bryophyte layer showed a significant increase in coverage and species richness with the decrease in S deposition. Liming led to a sharp increase in species richness in the herb layer, due to the appearance of disturbance indicators. The mean EIVs for acidity and nitrogen (EIV‐R and EIV‐N) also increased significantly. All observed effects increased with increasing liming intensity. We also noticed an increase in species richness over time in the bryophyte layer on the limed plots. However, this was less pronounced than on the unlimed plots, and decreased with increasing liming intensity. This was because the appearance of disturbance indicators or of typical species for the Calamagrostio villosae‐Piceetum was partially compensated for by the disappearance of acid indicators as a result of liming. The species turnover was thus much higher in the bryophyte layer than in the herb layer.ConclusionsIn contrast to the herb layer, the bryophyte layer proves to be a sensitive indicator of changes in air pollution. The effects of greatly reduced S deposition on the bryophyte layer outweigh those of continuous N deposition in the study area. Liming acts as a disturbance in both the herb layer and the bryophyte layer. This influence increases with increasing liming intensity. Our results do not support a general application of liming in large, contiguous forest areas. Rather, this measure should be applied in a differentiated manner.
Should clinicians make chest surgery available to transgender male adolescents?
Authors: McDougall Rosalind , Notini Lauren , Delany Clare , Telfer Michelle , Pang Ken C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBioethicists are increasingly engaged in considering the ethical issues associated with the care of transgender people. One such issue facing paediatric clinicians is requests for chest surgery from transgender male adolescents. For transgender young people who identify as male but have already progressed through the mid to late stages of puberty, hormone treatment will not reverse breast development. Some of these young people are distressed by their chest, and request surgery to remove this tissue. Demand for this surgery during adolescence is increasing. However, few paediatric hospitals make this intervention available to adolescents. This paper focuses on the following ethical question: Should clinicians make chest surgery available to transgender male adolescents? We argue that making chest surgery available to transgender male adolescents under some circumstances is ethically justifiable for three reasons, based on the concepts of beneficence, privacy, and non‐discrimination. Firstly, the limited evidence to date suggests that chest surgery is beneficial to transgender male adolescents who seek this intervention. Secondly, chest surgery protects transgender adolescents’ privacy by enabling them to better control disclosure of their transgender identity. Thirdly, chest surgery is already performed on other adolescent males for psychosocial reasons, such as in the case of gynaecomastia; non‐discrimination thus provides a further reason for making chest surgery available to transgender male adolescents whose male gender identity is consistent. We suggest that the ethical justifiability of chest surgery in any specific transgender adolescent’s case will depend on the individual patient’s circumstances.
Weak‐instrument robust tests in two‐sample summary‐data Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Sheng , Kang Hyunseung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) has been a popular method in genetic epidemiology to estimate the effect of an exposure on an outcome using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IV), with two‐sample summary‐data MR being the most popular. Unfortunately, instruments in MR studies are often weakly associated with the exposure, which can bias effect estimates and inflate Type I errors. In this work, we propose test statistics that are robust under weak‐instrument asymptotics by extending the Anderson–Rubin, Kleibergen, and the conditional likelihood ratio test in econometrics to two‐sample summary‐data MR. We also use the proposed Anderson–Rubin test to develop a point estimator and to detect invalid instruments. We conclude with a simulation and an empirical study and show that the proposed tests control size and have better power than existing methods with weak instruments.
Multidimensional molecular measurements–environment interaction analysis for disease outcomes
Authors: Xu Yaqing , Wu Mengyun , Ma Shuangge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple types of molecular (genetic, genomic, epigenetic, etc.) measurements, environmental risk factors, and their interactions have been found to contribute to the outcomes and phenotypes of complex diseases. In each of the previous studies, only the interactions between one type of molecular measurement and environmental risk factors have been analyzed. In recent biomedical studies, multidimensional profiling, in which data from multiple types of molecular measurements are collected from the same subjects, is becoming popular. A myriad of recent studies have shown that collectively analyzing multiple types of molecular measurements is not only biologically sensible but also leads to improved estimation and prediction. In this study, we conduct an M–E interaction analysis, with M standing for multidimensional molecular measurements and E standing for environmental risk factors. This can accommodate multiple types of molecular measurements and sufficiently account for their overlapping as well as independent information. Extensive simulation shows that it outperforms several closely related alternatives. In the analysis of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data on lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous melanoma, we make some stable biological findings and achieve stable prediction.
Toward a refined genotype–phenotype classification scheme for the international consensus classification of Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Authors: Blumcke Ingmar , Cendes Fernando , Miyata Hajime , Thom Maria , Aronica Eleonora , Najm Imad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFocal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) is the most common cause of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy in children and young adults. The diagnosis of currently defined FCD subtypes relies on a histopathological assessment of surgical brain tissue. The many ongoing challenges in the diagnosis of FCD and their various subtypes mandate, however, continuous research and consensus agreement to develop a reliable classification scheme. Advanced neuroimaging and genetic studies have proven to augment the diagnosis of FCD subtypes and should be considered for an integrated clinico‐pathological and molecular classification. In this review, we will discuss the histopathological foundation of the current FCD classification and potential advancements when using genetic analysis of somatic brain mutations in neurosurgically resected brain specimens and postprocessing of presurgical neuroimaging data. Combining clinical, imaging, histopathology, and molecular studies will help to define the disease spectrum better and finally unveil FCD‐specific treatment options.
Antitumor effect of WEE1 blockade as monotherapy or in combination with cisplatin in urothelial cancer
Authors: Murakami Kaoru , Kita Yuki , Sakatani Toru , Hamada Akihiro , Mizuno Kei , Nakamura Kenji , Takada Hideaki , Matsumoto Keiyu , Sano Takeshi , Goto Takayuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Saito Ryoichi , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Ogawa Osamu , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOvercoming cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is a major issue in urothelial cancer (UC), in which CDDP‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment. WEE1, a G2/M checkpoint kinase, confers chemoresistance in response to genotoxic agents. However, the efficacy of WEE1 blockade in UC has not been reported. MK‐1775, a WEE1 inhibitor also known as AZD‐1775, blocked proliferation of UC cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner irrespective of TP53 status. MK‐1775 synergized with CDDP to block proliferation, inducing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in TP53‐mutant UC cells but not in TP53‐WT cells. Knocking down TP53 in TP53‐WT cells induced synergism of MK‐1775 and CDDP. In UMUC3 cell xenografts and two patient‐derived xenograft lines with MDM2 overexpression, in which the p53/cell cycle pathway was inactivated, AZD‐1775 combined with CDDP suppressed tumor growth inducing both M‐phase entry and apoptosis, whereas AZD‐1775 alone was as effective as the combination in RT4 cell xenografts. Drug susceptibility assay using an ex vivo cancer tissue‐originated spheroid system showed correlations with the in vivo efficacy of AZD‐1775 alone or combined with CDDP. We determined the feasibility of the drug susceptibility assay using spheroids established from UC surgical specimens obtained by transurethral resection. In conclusion, WEE1 is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of UC, and a highly specific small molecule inhibitor is currently in early phase clinical trials for cancer. Differential antitumor efficacy of WEE1 blockade alone or combined with CDDP could exist according to p53/cell cycle pathway activity, which might be predictable using an ex vivo 3D primary culture system.
Determining the factors associated with oral health‐related quality of life in Chinese elders: Findings from the fourth national survey
Authors: Zhi Qing Hui , Si Yan , Wang Xing , Tai Bao Jun , Hu De Yu , Wang Bo , Zheng Shu Guo , Liu Xue Nan , Rong Wen Sheng , Wang Wei Jian , Wang Chun Xiao , Feng Xi Ping , Lin Huan Cai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the associations between the self‐reported oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of older Chinese people and their socio‐economic status and oral health using data collected in the 4th National Oral Health Survey.MethodsAfter multistage stratified cluster sampling, 4332 adults aged 65‐74 years participated in the study. After a clinical examination, the participants completed a structured questionnaire. A Mandarin version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was included in the questionnaire. Clinical examinations were carried out using the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations of the clinical and socio‐demographic variables with the GOHAI scores of the participants.ResultsThe weighted mean (SE) GOHAI score was 51.6 (0.0). Female sex and having more than 10 missing teeth, unrestored tooth spaces, more than 10 decayed teeth and a periodontal pocket ≥6 mm were negatively associated with the GOHAI score, while having a higher education level and living in the Eastern region of China were positively associated with the GOHAI score.ConclusionAfter adjustment for confounders, the OHRQoL of older Chinese individuals was mainly affected by untreated dental caries and the loss of teeth. Older Chinese individuals who were male, had a higher education level, were from the Eastern region, had no unrestored tooth spaces or deep periodontal pockets and had fewer decayed or missing teeth had higher GOHAI scores, indicating better OHRQoL.
Cross‐situational Learning From Ambiguous Egocentric Input Is a Continuous Process: Evidence Using the Human Simulation Paradigm
Authors: Zhang Yayun , Yurovsky Daniel , Yu Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent laboratory experiments have shown that both infant and adult learners can acquire word‐referent mappings using cross‐situational statistics. The vast majority of the work on this topic has used unfamiliar objects presented on neutral backgrounds as the visual contexts for word learning. However, these laboratory contexts are much different than the real‐world contexts in which learning occurs. Thus, the feasibility of generalizing cross‐situational learning beyond the laboratory is in question. Adapting the Human Simulation Paradigm, we conducted a series of experiments examining cross‐situational learning from children's egocentric videos captured during naturalistic play. Focusing on individually ambiguous naming moments that naturally occur during toy play, we asked how statistical learning unfolds in real time through accumulating cross‐situational statistics in naturalistic contexts. We found that even when learning situations were individually ambiguous, learners’ performance gradually improved over time. This improvement was driven in part by learners’ use of partial knowledge acquired from previous learning situations, even when they had not yet discovered correct word‐object mappings. These results suggest that word learning is a continuous process by means of real‐time information integration.
Emergency food supplies and food security in Wuhan and Nanjing, China, during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from a field survey
Authors: Zhong Taiyang , Crush Jonathan , Si Zhenzhong , Scott Steffanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotivationDetailed empirical work on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on food security is scant. Local management of food security has received little attention.PurposeThis article describes emergency food policies in Wuhan and Nanjing, China during lockdown in 2020 and their implications for household food security in the two cities.Methods and approachPolicy documents and background data describe the emergency measures. Online surveys of residents of two Chinese cities were used to gauge household food security.FindingsDespite the determined efforts of provincial and city governments to ensure that food reached people who were locked down in Wuhan, or subject to restrictions on movement in Nanjing, households experienced some decline in food security. Most households found they could not access their preferred foods. But a minority of households did not get enough to eat.Government had contingency plans for the pandemic that ensured that most people had sufficient, if not preferred, food. But not all households were fully covered.Policy implicationsA more resilient system of food distribution is needed, including a relatively closed and independent home delivery system. Grassroots organizations such as residential community committees, property management organizations, and spontaneous volunteer groups need to be brought into the management of emergency food provision.
Validation of non‐formal and informal learning in formal education: Covert and overt
Authors: Souto‐Otero Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reframes the debate on the validation of non‐formal and informal learning by connecting it to the sociology of education and curriculum studies literatures. Building on these literatures, the article differentiates between four types of validation: (a) covert and implicit, (b) covert but embedded, (c) overt and functional and (d) overt and institutional. Based on this classification, I problematise the widespread view that there is little validation in formal education. Instead, I argue, much validation takes place in formal education, but it is mostly covert and goes unnoticed. Validation is a common practice when it contributes to the performance metrics of formal education institutions, when it enables institutions to take credit for learning that occurs outside of them, when the non‐formal and informal learning that is validated aligns with their established curricula and when it does not require changes in pedagogy or assessment practices. Validation in formal education is not so much characterised by rejection or disregard as by selectivity and instrumentality.
MCIR1: A patient‐derived mantle cell lymphoma line for discovering new treatments for ibrutinib resistance
Authors: Wu Xiaosheng , Nowakowski Kevin E. , Abeykoon Jithma P. , Manske Michelle , Stenson Mary J. , Timm Michael M. , Hanson Curtis A. , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Dasari Surendra , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the unprecedented success of ibrutinib in lymphoma therapy, the development of ibrutinib resistance due to acquired BTK or PLCγ2 mutations has become a new clinical problem. However, not all resistance is mediated by these mutations and these mechanisms are poorly understood due to a lack of study tools that truly recapitulate this clinical scenario.MethodsWe established a novel patient‐derived ibrutinib‐resistant mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) line named MCIR1. Using immunological, molecular, and cytogenetic approaches, we comprehensively characterized MCIR1 and further demonstrated its utility in the study of resistance mechanisms and treatments to overcome this resistance.ResultsWe show that MCIR1 is a bona fide ibrutinib‐resistant MCL cell line with normal BTK‐/PLCγ2 but ibrutinib‐resistant ERK1/2 and AKT1 signaling. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed a robust non‐canonical NF‐kB signaling that drives the ibrutinib resistance. We also demonstrate the potential utility of a MCIR1‐based cell and mouse model for the discovery of new treatments to overcome BTK inhibitor resistance.ConclusionsWe have established the first patient‐derived ibrutinib‐resistant MCL cell line MCIR1 that lacks BTK or PLCγ2 mutations but exhibits a hyperactive non‐canonical NF‐kB pathway. We further demonstrate its utility in the discovery and validation of new drugs to overcome this resistance.
Hypothalamic functional MRI activity in the initiation phase of spontaneous and glyceryl trinitrate‐induced migraine attacks
Authors: van Oosterhout Willebrordus P. J. , van Opstal Anne M. , Schoonman Guus G. , van der Grond Jeroen , Terwindt Gisela M. , Ferrari Michel D. , Kruit Mark C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe hypothalamus has been suggested to be important in the initiation cascade of migraine attacks based on clinical and biochemical observations. Previous imaging studies could not disentangle the changes due to the attack and those due to the trigger compound. With a novel approach, we assessed hypothalamic neuronal activity in early premonitory phases of glyceryl‐trinitrate (GTN)‐induced and spontaneous migraine attacks. We measured the hypothalamic blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) response to oral glucose ingestion with 3T‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 27 women, 16 with migraine without aura and 11 controls group matched for age and body mass index (BMI), on 1 day without prior GTN administration and on a second day after GTN administration (to coincide with the premonitory phase of an induced attack). Interestingly, subgroups of patients with and without GTN‐triggered attacks could be compared. Additionally, five migraineurs were investigated in a spontaneous premonitory phase. Linear mixed models were used to study between‐ and within‐group effects. Without prior GTN infusion, the BOLD response to glucose was similar in migraine participants and controls (P = .41). After prior GTN infusion, recovery occurred steeper and faster in migraineurs (versus Day 1; P < .0001) and in those who developed an attack versus those who did not (P < .0001). Prior GTN infusion did not alter the glucose‐induced response in controls (versus baseline; P = .71). Just before spontaneous attacks, the BOLD‐response recovery was also faster (P < .0001). In this study, we found new and direct evidence of altered hypothalamic neuronal function in the immediate preclinical phase of both GTN‐provoked and spontaneous migraine attacks.
Embodied Routines and Ethnotheories of Morning Drop‐Offs at US and Chinese Preschools
Authors: Liu Chang , Tobin Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes scenes from videos of young children being dropped off by their parents or grandparents in Chinese and US preschools. This is an emotionally and cognitively complex event; it asks the child to cross a threshold between the worlds of home and school and the parent or grandparent to turn the care of their child over to teachers. Our analysis suggests that these drop‐off routines reflect complicated interactions of ethnotheories of parenting and child development, implicit cultural pedagogies, changing social pressures and concerns, and affordances and constraints of space and time.