bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of predominant risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among out-patients in two Nigerian secondary health facilities
Authors: O Iheanacho Chinonyerem , O Osoba Doyin , IH Eze Uchenna 
Published: August 2021

Background: Prevention of type 2 diabetes is enabled by identification and effective management of risk factors.
Objectives: To evaluate the predominant risks for type 2 diabetes and identify persons at highest risk in a population; to facilitate the understanding of implications for practice.
Methods: Cross-sectional survey using Canadian diabetes risk assessment questionnaire was conducted among non-diabetic persons who visited two secondary hospitals. SPSS version 18 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 300 respondents participated in the study, with 25.7% having family history of type 2 diabetes, while 160 (53.3%) were at high risk of developing the disease. Males (62.5%), overweight (65.1%) and obese (82.6%) participants, were at higher risk. Others found to be at high risk were respondents with high waist circumference (55.6%), respondents who did not exercise (77.0%), those who did not eat fruits/vegetable daily (54.4% ), those with high blood pressure (67.5%) and those who have had raised blood sugar in the past (71.0% ).
Conclusion: Majority of the study participants was at high risk for type 2 diabetes, male participants had higher risks and lifestyles/habits were the major risks for developing the disease.
Keywords: Evaluation; type 2 diabetes; risk factors; Nigeria; primary prevention.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from type 2 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections
Authors: Youssouf Kani Elmi Souad , Saber Ashour Medhat , Zakaria Alsewy Fathy , Fawzy Abd El Moez Azzam Nashwa 
Published: August 2021

Background: T2DM patients are more likely to have UTIs caused by resistant organisms such as ESBLs producing bacteria. Challenging reliable identification and prompt characterization of in-vitro susceptibilities of these bacteria are the first steps of deciding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for UTIs caused by them.
Objectives: To isolate and identify E. coli and K. pneumoniae from urine of T2DM patients with UTIs, to determine antibiotic resistance pattern among isolates, and to identify ESBLs production phenotypically and genotypically.
Material and method: All samples were cultured on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar medium (CLED) by using calibrated loop. Growth of 100 colonies or more, i.e. 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL urine was considered as signifi- cant bacteriuria. Isolation and identification were done according to standard method. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was done by double-disk synergy test. Genotypic detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes by using PCR.
Results: Results of this study showed that E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the dominant bacterial isolates, they constituted 103 (91.2%) out of 113 urine isolates. E. coli (58. 4%) K. pneumoniae (32.7%), Enterococcus spp. (4.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) and Pseu- domonas spp. (1.8%). About 25 (24.3%) out of 103 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBLs positive by DDST, and 22 (88.0%) out of them had ESBLs encoding genes by conventional PCR. The most common gene detected was blaTEM (59.1%), followed by blaSHV (27.3%). CTX-M had not been detected in any of testes isolates.
Conclusion: blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 22 out of 25 ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates phenotypically detected by DDST. blaTEM was found to be the predominant gene (59.1%), while blaCTX-Mene was not detected in any of tested isolates.
Keywords: Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Urinary tract infections; Phenotypic; genotypic methods.
Streptozotocin-induced type 1 and 2 diabetes in rodents: a model for studying diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Mathias Akinlade Olawale , Victor Owoyele Bamidele , Olufemi Soladoye Ayodele 
Published: August 2021

Background: Several animal models are continually being developed to study diabetic complication. Several conflicting regimen for diabetes induction exist in the literature with varying dose strength and regimen for different study interest in diabetes. This study aims to show the effect of high dose streptozotocin (STZ) on the one hand compared with multiple low doses after high fat diet induction on diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN). Methodology: Eighty-four Wistar rats were used to demonstrate DCAN induction using 2 approaches one for T1DM (STZ 50mg/kg) and the other for T2DM (HFD for 8 weeks with STZ 25mg/Kg daily for five days). DCAN features were assessed using invasive biomarkers, histology patterns and cardiac nerve densities. Results: Diabetes induction rate was 76% and 89% in T1DM and T2DM model respectively. T1DM group had significant weight loss, reduced c-peptide, and insulin level post induction. The T2DM additionally showed significantly higher total cholesterol and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) compared with control. Serum levels of catecholamine, choactase, nerve growth factor and cardiac nerve density confirms development of DCAN. Conclusion: High single dose of STZ and HFD with multiple low doses of STZ may be recommended for DCAN study in T1DM and T2DM rat model respectively.
Keywords: Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy; Diabetes mellitus; Heart rate variability; Streptozotocin.
Relationships between cardiovascular signs and neurological signs in asphyxiated neonates in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Issa Amudalat , Baba Abdulkadir Mohammed , Olukemi Adesiyun Omotayo , Owolabi Bilkis , Suberu Habibat , Olusegun Alabi Kayode , Ronke Bakare Ruqayat 
Published: August 2021

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a condition associated with multiple organ dysfunctions inclusive of cardiovascular dys- function. Neurologic predictors of survival have been studied, but little has been reported regarding cardiovascular signs and their role in determining outcome in asphyxia.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the relationship between cardiovascular signs and outcomes in asphyxiated new- borns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving asphyxiated new-born babies recruited within the first 24 hours of life. Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy staging was done using Sarnat and Sarnat staging. All patients had a detailed cardi- ovascular examination on admission, after initial resuscitation (30 – 60 minutes) into admission, and were followed till final outcome: discharge or death.
Results: Eighty-five asphyxiated new-borns with HIE were studied over seven months. Abnormal cardiovascular-related signs identified in the patients included respiratory distress (64.7%), small volume pulse (57.6%), hypotension (52.9%), hy- poxemia (48.2%) and shock (32.9%). Five babies died. None of the clinical signs had a significant relationship with mortality.
Conclusion: Abnormal cardiovascular signs increased with the progression of HIE staging but had no relationship with mortality.
Keywords: Cardiovascular signs; Neurological outcomes; Mortality; Perinatal asphyxia.
Burden of iron overload among non-chronically blood transfused preschool children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Samuel Olufemi Akodu , Abiodun Folashade Adekanmbi , Tinuade Adetutu Ogunlesi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Sickle cell disease is the commonest genetic disorder of haemoglobin due to inheritance of mutant haemo- globin genes from both parents. The disorder is characterized by chronic haemolysis which results in increased availability of iron from red blood cell destructions.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of iron overload among non-chronically blood transfused preschool children with sickle cell anaemia.
Methods: Serum ferritin was assayed and transferrin saturation derived in 97 steady state sickle cell anaemia children. Ele- vated iron stores were defined as serum ferritin level >300ng/ml, and transferrin saturation >45%. .
Results: Serum ferritin level was greater than 300 mg/ml in 14 (14.4%) subjects and transferrin saturation >45% in six (6.2%) subjects with sickle cell anaemia. The prevalence of iron overload was 20.6%. The prevalence of iron overload was higher among subjects in older age group, female, with history of blood transfusion, and with single blood transfusion ses- sion.
Conclusion: Iron overload is prevalent in older children; the number of blood transfusion sessions notwithstanding. Regu- lar assessment of serum ferritin is recommended.
Keywords: Sickle cell anemia; iron overload; serum ferritin; transferrin saturation; elevated iron.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta lactamases-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in selected hospitals of Anyigba, Nigeria
Authors: C Mofolorunsho Kehinde , O Ocheni Hannah , F Aminu Ruth , A Omatola Cornelius , O Olowonibi Olabisi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are commonly implicated in urinary tract infections accounting for majority of the antimicrobial resistance encountered in hospitals.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among patients in Anyigba, Nigeria.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using urine samples from 200 patients of Grimmard Catholic hospital and Maria Goretti hospital. Urine samples were processed to identify ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneu- moniae using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were then tested against antimicrobial agents.
Results: A total of 156 bacterial isolates were recovered consisting 128 of E. coli and 28 of K. pneumoniae. Extended spec- trum beta-lactamases production was observed in 69% of E. coli and 31% of K. pneumoniae. These pathogens were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Of the antimicrobials tested, cefotaxime demonstrated the highest rates of resistance (100%) for both ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Fifty-four isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli showed a high level of resist- ance to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and ceftazidime (79.6%). ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae iso- lates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (75%), and amoxicillin clavulanic acid (83.3%). Cefoxitin (62.5%) and gentamicin (66.7%) showed substantially higher rates of resistance against these isolates while all 24 strains were resistant to imipenem.
Conclusion: This study indicated the prevalence of ESBL-positive Gram-negative pathogens in these study sites and also demonstrated their resistance to a few antibiotics. This highlights the need for new antimicrobials that are potent and im- proved policy on use of antibiotics.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; ESBLs; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Anyigba.
Application of Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) to measure intention to get early screening and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among HIV at- risk sub-populations in Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Alemayehu Wondwossen , Maritz Jeanitte , Roets Lizeth 
Published: August 2021

Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) increase the risk of contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Hence, early screening and treatment of STIs as a behavioral practice will reduce the odds of HIV infection among at risk and vulnerable sub-populations. To that end, HIV prevention strategies need to design evidence-based interventions using behavioral models or theories to help at-risk individuals adopt early screening and treatment of STI as preventive health behavior. In this study, commercial sex workers were considered as HIV at-risk sub-populations.
Objective: Measuring to what extent that Integrated Behavioral Model constructs explain individuals’ intention to practice early screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections as healthy behavior of interest in HIV prevention.
Design: Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) measurement survey was conducted using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) in six towns located in the main transport corridors of Ethiopia. Respondents’ answers to model construct-based questions and intention to practice the health behavior of interest were measured using Likert Scale. Analysis was done to assess the correlation and level of association of model construct-based questions with intention to practice the preventive health behavior.
Results: Respondents’ attitude explained 32%, perceived control 2%, normative influence 21%, and self-efficacy 53 % of their intention to get early screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.
Conclusion: Self-efficacy explained the variability of respondents’ intention to get early screening and treatment of STIs most, while perceived control was the least. Hence, HIV prevention behavioral interventions targeting early screening and treatment of STIs should give high emphasis to self-efficacy.
Keywords: Behavior; integrated behavioral model; sexually transmitted infections; human immunodeficiency virus.
Review: Primary healthcare in six sub-Saharan African countries: an impact assessment using a systematic review
Authors: Awojobi Oladayo Nathaniel , Abe Jane Temidayo , Adeniji Oluwatoyin Adenike 
Published: August 2021

Primary healthcare is provided in most developing and developed countries to enhance healthcare accessibility for the population. This study accesses the impact of primary healthcare in six Sub-Saharan countries. A systematic search for qualitative and quantitative studies published before the end of 2017 was conducted online. Inclusion criteria were met by 6 studies, one each from Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Five studies are peer-reviewed, and one is a working paper. Three studies reported on the impact of primary healthcare on healthcare accessibility. Four studies reported on the role healthcare resources play in enhancing primary healthcare services. Two other studies mentioned how cost-sharing mechanism led to an increase in healthcare utilization and how the reduction in user changes in all primary healthcare centers led to the reduction in out-of-pocket spending on healthcare services in a short-term. Primary healthcare offers access and utilization to healthcare services in most countries. It also offers protection against the detrimental effects of user fees. However, concerted efforts are still needed in most African countries in revitalizing the operations of primary healthcare centers for the improvement of healthcare services.
Haematological Indices and Carcass Composition of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Fed with Fluted Pumpkin Leaf (Telfairia Occidentalis) as Feed Additives
Authors: Ochokwu I.J. , Taiwo M.A. , Bashir S.Y. 
Published: August 2021

A feeding trial was carried out for 56 days to ascertain the effects of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) as a feed additive on the haematological profile and nutrients value of Clarias gariepinus carcass. C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean body weight 9.6g) were randomly distributed in plastic bowls at nine fish per bowl in triplicates. Five diets designated as D1 to D5 with 40% crude protein containing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200g/kg of T. occidentalis leaf powder were fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings at 5% body weight per day. The results showed that T. occidentalis additive significantly (P≤0.05) improved the haematological parameters of the fish. The mean value of white blood cells (WBC) count (μL) in the diets fed with T. occidentalis were significantly higher (D2-D5 : 870.20, 864.80, 840.30, 876.40, respectively) than the diet without T. occidentalis (D1 783.15). A similar trend was observed in PCV, MCV, MCHC, MCH, and platelets. However, HB D1 (control) had higher values than the diet containing T. occidentalis. Meanwhile, in carcass quality, there was an increase in the crude protein of all the fish but the group that consumed T. occidentalis had a higher carcass crude protein and lower lipid, while the control had a higher lipid value. Meanwhile, the initial values obtained before the feeding trials had lower crude protein and higher lipid value when compared with the fish that was fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, T. occidentalis leaf meal can be utilized to improve the haematological parameters of the fish, with an increase in the WBC there is a high possibility of the fish to withstand pathogenic attacks because Blood is a major parameter that determines the physiological, immune , and nutritional status of an organism, also WBC are important blood constituents for defense against diseases, pathogens and unwanted foreign bodies in an organism.
The Church's Contextual Mission to Poverty Problems in Indonesia
Authors: Panjaitan Firman 
Published: August 2021

Poverty in Indonesia is a crucial problem that must be considered by various parties, including the church. However, the church often neglects this because the church is often preoccupied with its theological model that sides with wealth so that the existence of the poor is ignored. This makes the church's mission neglected because it does not take the condition of the poor seriously. Using the phenomenological method, this article shows that poverty should be a severe concern in the missiological aspect of the church. In addition, the method of rhetorical criticism is used to show that the Bible also speaks of God's care for the poor. The study results recommend that the church should have the courage to carry out missiological duties to the poor by putting the poor first and placing the poor as equals, who also receive the same salvation from God. Through this missiological task, the church will contribute to alleviating poverty. ABSTRAKKemiskinan di Indonesia merupakan masalah krusial yang harus diperhatikan oleh berbagai pihak, termasuk gereja. Namun seringkali gereja mengabaikan hal ini, karena gereja seringkali asyik dengan model teologinya yang berpihak pada kekayaan, sehingga keberadaan orang miskin diabaikan. Hal ini menjadikan tugas misiologi gereja terbengkalai karena tidak memperhatikan dengan serius keadaan orang miskin. Dengan menggunakan metode fenomenologi artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah kemiskinan harus menjadi perhatian yang serius dalam aspek misiologi gereja. Di samping itu digunakan juga metode kritik retorik untuk menunjukkan bahwa Alkitab pun berbicara tentang kepedulian Allah terhadap orang miskin. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan bahwa gereja harus berani menjalankan tugas misiologi kepada orang-orang miskin, dengan cara mendahulukan dan menempatkan orang miskin sebagai sesama yang sejajar, yang juga mendapatkan keselamatan yang sama dari Allah. Melalui tugas misiologi tersebut, gereja akan berkontribusi untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo que alteran la microbiota intestinal en niños escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Flores Ricardo Salas , Pérez Brian González , Fernández Gerardo Rivera , Galarza Alejandra Salas , Aguiar Liliana Aurora Carrillo , Mendoza Verónica Olvera 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCCION: Dentro de los factores de riesgo para presentar sobrepeso u obesidad, se reconoce al nacimiento por cesárea, a la ausencia de lactancia materna exclusiva y a la exposición a antimicrobianos a temprana edad como factores que favorecen al sobrepeso. Dentro del tema de la microbiota intestinal, los factores previamente mencionados para favorecer al sobrepeso, se encuentran también vinculados con la alteración de la microbiota intestinal, por lo que se sugiere que una microbiota intestinal alterada es un factor de riesgo para presentar sobrepeso y obesidad.
OBJETIVO: Demostrar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo que alteran la microbiota intestinal en preescolares y escolares con sobrepeso u obesidad derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en la región sur de Tamaulipas.
METODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, donde se obtuvo a través de historias clínicas durante el periodo comprendido de marzo a diciembre 2020, en pacientes de ambos sexos, de los 2 a los 12 años de edad, los antecedentes de la vía de nacimiento, la alimentación de los primeros 6 meses de vida y la exposición a antibióticos durante el primer año de vida; fueron requeridos 385 pacientes para establecer un índice de confianza del 95% y margen de error del 5%, establecido por un cálculo para muestra de poblaciones finitas, conociendo que la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad a nivel nacional es del 34%. La recolección de datos se realizó en el Hospital General Regional # 6 Cd. Madero Tamaulipas y en la Unidad Médico Familiar #77 del IMSS, Cd. Madero, Tamaulipas. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas y medidas de tendencia central.
RESULTADOS: De los 385 pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad estudiados, el 60% fueron obtenidos por cesárea, el 74.5% recibió alimentación entre fórmula exclusiva y combinada y el 42% recibieron antibióticos en el primer año de vida.
CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de cesáreas según la OMS en México en el 2017 es del 45%, en este estudio se encontró una prevalencia del 60%, la alimentación por leche materna exclusiva en este país tiene una prevalencia del 15.5% y en este estudio fue de 25.5%; no se cuenta con un estudio de prevalencia de uso de antibióticos en el primer año de vida para poder compararse con el 42% registrado en este estudio.
Demonstrasi Pengolahan Air Sederhana di Dusun Morobangun Jogotirto Berbah Sleman
Authors: Sekarwati Novita , Khristiani Eva Runi 
Published: August 2021

Demonstrasi Pengolahan Air Sederhana di Dusun Morobangun Jogotirto Berbah Sleman.Sumber Air bersih menjadi kebutuhan yang peting bagi masyarakat. Kondisi Air yang bersih dapatmempengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat. Penduduk Dusun Morobangun, Jogotirto, Berbah, Slemanmasih menggunakan sumber air sumur maupun air PDAM. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas air bakudiperlukan upaya pengolahan air secara sederhana. Dengan pengolahan air baku secara sederhanadapat meningkatkan kualitas secara fisik Kata kunci: Air bersih, filtrasi
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KRITERIA PEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT (ISPA) PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA KECAMATAN PRAMBANAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Basuki Prastiwi Putri , Febriani Heni 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKInfeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit saluran pernapasanatas atau bawah, yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai spektrum penyakit yangberkisar dari penyakit tanpa gejala atau infeksi ringan sampai penyakit yang parah dan mematikan, tergantung pada patogen penyebabnya. Kebiasaan merokok merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya ISPA, dampak negatif akibat rokok tidak hanya dirasakan oleh perokok aktif saja, perokok pasif juga dapat terkena dampak tersebut. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kriteria perokok dengan kejadian infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita di Wilayah kerja Kecamatan Prambanan Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi spearman rank. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar status kesehatan pasien yang didapat dari Puskesmas Prambanan Yogyakarta dengan jumlah sampel 96 responden. Berdasarkan data hasil uji Spearman rank menunjukan bahwa nilai p-value=0,008 (p<0,05) maka hasil uji dinyatakan bahwa ada “hubungan yang bermakna antara kriteria perokok dengan kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada balita di wilayah kerja Kecamatan Prambanan Yogyakarta”. Dengan nilai correlatiaon coefficient -0,027 yang berarti semakin buruk perilaku responden dalam merokok maka akan semakin tinggi angka kejadian ISPA dan mempunyai kekuatan korelasi rendah.