bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of socioeconomic status on stage at presentation, receipt of diagnostic imaging, receipt of treatment and overall survival in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Shah Rajan , Chan Kelvin K. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocioeconomic factors influence patterns of care in colorectal cancer. Our study investigates the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on stage at presentation, receipt of diagnostic imaging, receipt of treatment and overall survival (OS) in a universal healthcare system. The Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) was accessed to identify a cohort of patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2007 to 2016 in Ontario, Canada. SES was measured using median neighborhood income divided into quintiles (Q1‐Q5; Q1 = lowest income). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate stage, imaging and treatment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate OS. All endpoints were adjusted for demographics and comorbidities with OS models also adjusting for stage, imaging and treatment. In total, 39 802 colon and 13 164 rectal patients were identified. Lower SES was associated with advanced stage at presentation in both cohorts (Q1 vs Q5: Colon odds ratio [OR] = 1.08,P = .046, rectal OR = 1.25,P < .0001). Lower SES colon patients were less likely to receive adjuvant oxaliplatin (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.78,P < .001) and all palliative chemotherapies studied including oxaliplatin (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.60,P < 0.0001), irinotecan (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.65,P < .0001), bevacizumab (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.70,P < .001), cetuximab (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.40,P = .0053) and panitumumab (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.54,P = .0036). In rectal patients, lower SES was associated with decreased receipt of rectal cancer resection for stages I‐III (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.78,P < .001), adjuvant oxaliplatin (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.72,P = .0020) and palliative chemotherapies including oxaliplatin (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.59,P < .001), irinotecan (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.53,P < .001) and bevacizumab (Q1 vs Q5: OR = 0.71,P = .046). All survival models identified poorer OS for lower SES patients (total colorectal; Q1 vs Q5: Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25,P < .0001). These findings suggest disparities persist even within universal healthcare.
Uncovering generative mechanisms of information use for project monitoring in humanitarian health management information systems
Authors: Huser David , Bon Anna , Anifalaje Adebusoye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHumanitarian medical organizations rely on information on and from the ground to evaluate their effectiveness and accountability. Related digitalization efforts within health information systems assume an instrumental rationality in the use of data. However, previous research identified a multitude of factors influencing actual information use for evidence‐based decision‐making for healthcare delivery. This case study, anchored by critical realism philosophy, unpacks these nuances against the backdrop of a globally operating organization (Médecins Sans Frontières). It aims to highlight the contextual conditions and structures that enact the contingent mechanisms at work in project monitoring within humanitarian health management information systems. By applying an affordance‐based causal analysis, three mechanisms are identified: first, an analytics service provides templated analysis modalities resulting in user–producer–provider relationships; second, the rationalization and synchronization of content and software artifacts gives rise to the standardization strategy of flexible generification; third, the study uncovers the potential for increased internal social discourse and advocacy through collaborative and mobile data analysis. This paper proposes that mechanism‐based explanations can be useful for theory‐building in information systems research as well as for providing insights to practitioners in the humanitarian health sector.
Cognitive vulnerabilities to anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Ho Samuel MY , Zhang Qiaochu , Lai Yihuan , Dai Darren W.T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study established cognitive vulnerability of anxiety symptoms among high school students.MethodA total of 72 grade 9–11 students completed measures on levels of anxiety sensitivity (AS), selective attentional processing, and anxiety symptoms annually between 2016 and 2018.ResultsLatent class growth analysis (unconditional model) showed a four‐class model: High (stable) (6.94%), low (stable) (11.11%), medium (decreasing) (61.11%), and medium (increasing) (20.83%). The conditioned model controlling for the physical‐concerns dimension of AS and negative attentional bias demonstrated that a two‐class model consisted of a low anxiety class (n = 59, 81.9%) and a high anxiety class (n = 13, 18.1%) provided the best fit for the data. Negative attentional bias is a significant factor related to the development of anxiety trajectories.ConclusionAttentional bias modification to disengage from negative stimuli may serve as a potential target of intervention to reduce chronic anxiety among high school students.
Mouse models of sarcopenia: classification and evaluation
Authors: Xie Wen‐qing , He Miao , Yu Deng‐jie , Wu Yu‐xiang , Wang Xiu‐hua , Lv Shan , Xiao Wen‐feng , Li Yu‐sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disease that is related to an increased possibility of adverse consequences such as falls, fractures, physical disabilities and death, and its risk increases with age. With the deepening of the understanding of sarcopenia, the disease has become a major clinical disease of the elderly and a key challenge of healthy ageing. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this disease is still unclear, and the selection of treatment strategies and the evaluation of its effect are not the same. Most importantly, the early symptoms of this disease are not obvious and are easy to ignore. In addition, the clinical manifestations of each patient are not exactly the same, which makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of sarcopenia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use animal models to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. This paper reviews the mouse models that can be used in the study of sarcopenia, including ageing models, genetically engineered models, hindlimb suspension models, chemical induction models, denervation models, and immobilization models; analyses their advantages and disadvantages and application scope; and finally summarizes the evaluation of sarcopenia in mouse models.
Pneumothorax presenting as epigastric pain
Authors: Mizumoto Junki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA male patient who smoked heavily complained of severe epigastric pain. He also had mild chest pain for the last 4 weeks. Imaging tests revealed pneumothorax secondary to cystic changes probably as a result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pneumothorax, particularly slowly progressive one, may present as abdominal pain. In addition to cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, pneumothorax should be considered as a differentiasl diagnosis of epigastric pain with preceding pain or other symptoms in a heavy smoker.
Potential gains: Comparison of a mono‐isocentric three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) planning technique to hybrid intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (hIMRT) to the whole breast and supraclavicular fossa (SCF) region
Authors: Ambrose Leigh , Stanton Cameron , Lewis Lorraine , Lamoury Gillian , Morgia Marita , Carroll Susan , Bromley Regina , Atyeo John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionUntil late 2018, standard of practice at the Northern Sydney Cancer Centre (NSCC) for breast and nodal treatment was a conformal mono‐isocentric technique. A planning study comparing an existing mono‐isocentric three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) planning technique to a hybrid intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (hIMRT) approach for the whole breast and supraclavicular fossa (SCF) region was undertaken with the aim to improve plan quality by improving dose conformity/homogeneity across target volumes and reducing hotspots outside the target.MethodsA cohort of 17 patients was retrospectively planned using the proposed hIMRT technique, keeping the same planning constraints as the original treated breast and SCF 3D‐CRT plan and normalising the 3D‐CRT plans to achieve minimum breast/SCF target coverage to compare organs at risk (OARs). Normal tissue index (NTI) and homogeneity index (HI) were compared for plan quality as well as for evaluating OARs.ResultsThe hIMRT technique showed statistically significant improvements in NTI and HI, as well as improvement in maximum brachial plexus and thyroid doses. There was a negligible increase in maximum oesophagus dose which could be improved if used in optimisation. Other OAR doses in the irradiated region were comparable to the 3D‐CRT plans, however maximum doses were reduced overall.ConclusionThe hIMRT planning technique maintained clinically acceptable doses to OARs and reduced normal tissue dose while maintaining equivalent dose coverage to breast and SCF planning target volumes with improved conformity and homogeneity. The reduction in maximum doses promotes a favourable toxicity profile, with potential benefit of improved long‐term cosmesis.
Ablation therapy for ventricular arrhythmias in patients with LVAD: Multiple faces of an electrophysiological challenge
Authors: Sisti Nicolò , Santoro Amato , Carreras Giovanni , Valente Serafina , Donzelli Stefano , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Cameli Matteo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular assist device implantation is a recognized treatment option for patients with advanced heart failure refractory to medical therapy and can be used both as bridge to transplantation and as destination therapy. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias is common after left ventricular assist device implantation and is influenced by pre‐, peri and post‐operative determinants. The management of ventricular arrhythmias can be a challenge when they become refractory to medication or to device therapy and their impact on prognosis can be detrimental despite the mechanical support. In this setting, catheter ablation is being increasingly recognized as a feasible option for patients in which standard therapeutic strategies fail, but also with preventive purpose. Catheter ablation is being increasingly considered for the management of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular assist device despite complex clinical and technical peculiarities due to the characteristics of the mechanical support. Much conflicting data exist regarding the predictors of success of the procedure and the rate of recurrence. In this review we discuss the latest evidences regarding catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in this subset of patients, focusing on clinical characteristics, arrhythmia etiology, technical aspects and postprocedural features which must be considered by the electrophysiologist.
High‐level production of microbial prodigiosin: A review
Authors: Han Rui , Xiang Roujin , Li Jinglin , Wang Fengqing , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProdigiosin is a natural red pigment derived primarily from secondary metabolites of microorganisms, especiallySerratia marcescens. It can also be chemically synthesized. Prodigiosin has been proven to have antitumor, antibacterial, antimalaria, anti‐insect, antialgae, and immunosuppressive activities, and is gaining increasing important in the global market because of its great potential application value in clinical medicine development, environmental treatment, preparation of food additives, and so on. Due to the low efficiency of prodigiosin chemical synthesis, high‐level prodigiosin of production by microorganisms are necessary for prodigiosin applications. In this paper, the production of prodigiosin by microorganism in recent decades is reviewed. The methods and strategies for increasing the yield of prodigiosin are discussed from the aspects of medium composition, additives, factors affecting production conditions, strain modification, and fermentation methods.
Balance, reframe, and overcome: The attitudes, priorities, and perceptions of exercise‐based activities in youth 12–24 months after a sport‐related ACL injury
Authors: Truong Linda K. , Mosewich Amber D. , Miciak Maxi , Pajkic Andrea , Le Christina Y. , Li Linda C. , Whittaker Jackie L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAttitudes, priorities, and perceptions of exercise directly influence exercise behaviors. Despite the benefits of exercise‐based activities for future health, little is known about how youth who experience an ACL injury view exercise‐based activity beyond the immediate recovery period. A qualitative (interpretative description) approach with one‐to‐one semistructured interviews was used to probe the current attitudes, priorities, and perceptions of exercise‐therapy, physical activity, and sport participation with a purposive sample of youth from an ongoing inception cohort study who experienced an ACL tear or reconstruction in the past 12–24 months. Analyses followed an inductive approach guided by an analytic interpretative description process. Reflexive journaling, memoing, and a detailed audit trail promoted data trustworthiness. A patient‐partner was involved throughout. Ten youth (six women, four men), 15–19 years of age, and a median of 20‐months (16–26) from injury were interviewed. Three overarching themes were identified. ‘Balancing physical activity and future knee health’ highlighted ongoing negotiations between what were perceived to be competing priorities for return‐to‐sport and future knee health. ‘Reframing the value of exercise‐therapy and physical activity’ reflected the importance of reshaping attitudes toward exercise as positive and was linked to exercise adherence. ‘Overcoming unforeseen exercise challenges’ encompassed persisting psychological and physical challenges perceived to limit exercise‐based activities. Clinical significance: reframing exercise‐based activities in a positive light and leveraging motivation for return‐to‐sport and life‐long knee health may be important strategies for encouraging ongoing exercise therapy and physical activity following a youth ACL injury.
Extremely foldable LTPS TFT backplane using blue laser annealing for low‐cost manufacturing of rollable and foldable AMOLED display
Authors: Lee Suhui , Do Youngbin , Kim Dongjin , Jang Jin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe crystallization of a‐Si by blue laser annealing (BLA) is introduced for low‐cost, high‐resolution thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes for foldable and rollable AMOLED displays. A big advantage of BLA is to provide low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) with protrusion‐free active channel. The BLA LTPS TFT manufactured on flexible substrate exhibits high field‐effect mobility of 169 cm2/Vs, a smaller subthreshold voltage swing less than 201 mV/dec, and excellent electrical stability and mechanical robustness.
Characterization of Tunable Poly‐ε‐Lysine‐Based Hydrogels for Corneal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Lace Rebecca , Duffy Georgia L. , Gallagher Andrew G. , Doherty Kyle G. , Maklad Osama , Wellings Donald A. , Williams Rachel L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA family of poly‐ε‐lysine hydrogels can be synthesized by crosslinking with bis‐carboxylic acids using carbodiimide chemistry. In addition to creating hydrogels using a simple cast method, a fragmented method is used to introduce increased porosity within the hydrogel structure. Both methods have created tunable characteristics ranging in their mechanical properties, transparency, and water content, which is of interest to corneal tissue engineering and can be tailored to specific cellular needs and applications. With a worldwide shortage of cornea donor tissue available for transplant and limitations including rejection and potential infection, a synthetic material that can be used as a graft, or a partial thickness corneal replacement, would be an advantageous treatment method. These hydrogels can be tuned to have similar mechanical and transparency properties to the human cornea. They also support the attachment and growth of corneal epithelial cells and the integration of corneal stromal cells.
Significantly Red‐Shifted Emissions of Nonconventional AIE Polymers Containing Zwitterionic Components
Authors: Huang Qing , Cheng Jiaqi , Tang Yuran , Wu Yongqiong , Xia Dan , Zheng Yuchen , Guo Mingming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonconventional luminescence polymers without any aromatic structures have attracted great interest from researchers due to their special structure and excellent biocompatibility. However, these materials mostly emit in the blue or green region, in which preparation of materials with long‐wavelength (especially near‐infrared) emission is still a great challenge. In this work, it is found that 2‐(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DMA) and itaconic anhydride (ITA) undergo a ring‐opening reaction at room temperature, and subsequently generate zwitterionic compound (IDMA). Based on the clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanism, ionic bond can effectively promote the isolated electron‐rich chromophores to form new emissive clusters with extended electron delocalization. Herein, two oligomers (P1 and P2) with different fluorescence emissions by controlling the concentration of zwitterionic monomers before polymerization are synthesized. It is worth noting that the maximum emission wavelength of P2 at high concentration is up to 712 nm, which is very rare in previous reports. In addition, the resulting oligomer (P2) shows typical aggregation‐enhanced emission (AEE), excitation‐dependent fluorescence, temperature‐sensitive emission, and solvatochromism. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that P2 was low toxic to Huh7 and LM3 cells, and suitable for cell imaging. This research provides the possibility for rational molecular design and the feasibility of luminescence regulation.
Age Determination of Hybrid Catfish and Channel Catfish from Commercial Catfish Farms
Authors: Creel James D. , Hanson Terrill R. , Roy Luke A. , Sammons Steven M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Processing plants prefer live catfish ranging from 0.45 to 1.81 kg as they are readily processed and sold to established markets. Catfish routinely escape harvest, become “big fish” (&gt;1.81 kg) in one to two production cycles, receive a reduced price, and can reduce farm profitability. This study determined age structure of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (male Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus × female Channel Catfish) that were “big fish” from commercial catfish ponds and estimated growth rates to determine when fish reach these sizes. In summer 2018, 153 Channel Catfish and 134 hybrid catfish were collected from commercial catfish farms in western Alabama and aged using lapilli otoliths. Hybrid catfish had faster growth than Channel Catfish and were larger at every age-class sampled during the study. Premium-sized fish were comprised solely of age-2 and age-3 fish for both species, but 72% of age-2 Channel Catfish were premium size, compared to only 40% of age-2 hybrid catfish. On average, Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish reached “big fish” size in 2.5 and 1.5 years, respectively. Thus, farmers should try to harvest most fish within these time frames or renovate ponds to mitigate these issues.
High performance gate tunable solar blind ultraviolet phototransistors based on amorphous Ga2O3 films grown by mist chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Xu Yu , Cheng Yaolin , Li Zhe , Feng Qian , Zhang Yachao , Chen Dazheng , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGallium Oxide (Ga2O3) for solar‐blind photodetectors (PDs) has drawing increasing research interest in recent years because of its natural wide bandgap. However, the traditional material growth methods are always complicated and the corresponding PD performance is also not good enough. In this work, amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) thin film grown by mist chemical deposition applied as solar blind deep ultraviolet phototransistors (PTs) is investigated for the first time, to solve the problem of high cost and time‐consuming by traditional methods. Bottom‐gate a‐Ga2O3 three terminal thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated to boost their ultraviolet (UV) photodetection properties. Under the 254 nm UV illumination, the a‐Ga2O3 PTs demonstrates a very high responsivity of 2300 AW−1, external quantum efficiency of 1.12 × 106% and detectivity of 1.87 × 1014 Jones. Such field‐effect PTs with the ultrahigh performance address a significant step toward the feasibility and practicability of Ga2O3 PDs in the future applications.
The long‐term prognosis of hippocampal neurogenesis and behavioral changes of offspring from rats exposed to valproic acid during pregnancy
Authors: Ito Masanobu , Kinjo Tomoya , Seki Tatsunori , Horie Junko , Suzuki Toshihito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimIn pregnant women with epilepsy, it is essential to balance maternal safety and the potential teratogenicity of anticonvulsants. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that valproic acid (VPA) can produce postnatal congenital malformations and impair cognitive function. However, the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in long‐term prognoses remain unclear.MethodsPregnant Wistar rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of VPA (200 mg/kg/day) from embryonic day 12.5 until birth. On postnatal day (PD) 149, the rats received an injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). On PD 150, the rats were subjected to the open field (OF), elevated plus‐maze (EPM), and Y‐maze tests. After behavioral testing, perfusion fixation was performed and the brain was dissected for immunohistochemistry.ResultsA significant marked decrease was seen in the number of BrdU‐positive cells in the dentate gyrus of offspring of VPA‐treated dams compared to those of control. However, no significant differences in hyperactivity were found based on the results of the OF test among the offspring on PD 150 of 200 VPA‐treated dams. In addition, no significant differences were seen in the EPM test.ConclusionThe behavioral abnormality observed in young offspring of VPA‐treated dams was not significantly different from that of controls in adult offspring on PD 150. However, compared with controls, the number of BrdU‐positive cells in VPA‐treated rats was halved. The findings suggest that the behavioral abnormality seems to improve as they grow, even if some structural abnormalities may remain in the central nervous system.