bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of aroma and flavor‐rich fusel alcohols by cheese whey fermentation using the Kluyveromyces marxianus and Debaryomyces hansenii yeasts in monoculture and co‐culture modes
Authors: Valdez Castillo Mariana , Tahmasbi Hamed , Pachapur Vinayak L , Brar Satinder K , Vuckovic Dajana , Sitnikov Dimitri , Arriaga Sonia , Blais Jean‐François , Avalos Ramirez Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhey is one of the main agro‐industrial by‐products generated in the production of cheese. It is a residue with low pH and high content of organic and inorganic compounds, such as lactose, proteins, and minerals that can be used as nutrients in fermentation. The aim of the present study was to produce biomolecules with aroma and flavor properties by whey fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM) and Debaryomyces hansenii (DH).RESULTSThese yeasts produced and accumulated in the culture broth aroma and flavor compounds, the main ones being ethanol, glycerol, propanoic acid, dihydroxyacetone, methionol, isopentanol, and 2‐phenylethanol (2PE). This last one was retained as the target biomolecule, because of its potential to be commercialized industrially. Both yeasts were able to metabolize L‐phenylalanine (Lphe) to produce 2PE, in monoculture and co‐culture modes. When yeasts were used under monoculture mode, KM produced the highest 2PE concentration 82 ± 28 mg/L under aerobic fermentation, with yield of 0.16 ± 0.08 g2PE/gLphe and a productivity of 0.86 ± 0.18 mg2PE/L*h at a fermentation time of 96 h. Whereas in co‐culture mode the 2PE yield was 0.38 g2PE/gLphe, twice as high as the maximum yield for monocultures. This yield corresponded to a productivity of 1.93 ± 0.02 mg2PE/L*h.CONCLUSIONThe whey fermentation using KM and DH in co‐culture mode is technically feasible. The KM yeast is apparently dominant and the co‐culture of both yeasts led to increase in the 2PE yield and the productivity. The faster kinetics of KM quickly induced substrate starvation triggering early production and accumulation of 2PE. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dynamic control of heat pump assisted extractive distillation process for separation of ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water mixture
Authors: Shan Baoming , Niu Chengqun , Meng Dapeng , Zhao Qing , Huo Bingjie , Ma Yixin , Wang Yinglong , Zhang Fangkun , Zhu Zhaoyou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDControlling the behavior of processes for the recovery of ethyl acetate and isopropanol from industrial wastewater is a hot topic. In this work, dynamic control structures of the extractive distillation process and heat pump combined with feeding preheating extractive distillation process are researched. The control performance of the proposed control structures is tested by adding feed flow and composition disturbance. In these two processes, two‐point temperature control structure is first used.RESULTSThe results show that this structure can maintain product purity within a reasonable range under disturbance. Furthermore, the composition controller is used to improve control performance.CONCLUSIONThe improved structure can effectively meet the requirements of product purity. The heat pump combined with feeding preheating extractive distillation process can use the same control structure as the extraction process and show good controllability. This study has a certain guiding value for the research of chemical dynamic control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Hemiconvulsion–hemiplegia–epilepsy syndrome with 5q33.3q34 microdeletion: Causal or chance association
Authors: Xue Jiao , Song Zhenfeng , Yi Zhi , Yang Chengqing , Li Fei , Liu Kaixuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHemiconvulsion–hemiplegia–epilepsy (HHE) syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by childhood onset partial motor convulsions, hemiplegia, and epilepsy in sequence. We presented a girl with global developmental delay with history and brain MRI consistent with the diagnosis of HHE syndrome. The cytogenetic microarray (CMA) showed 9.1 Mb deletion in 5q33.3q34 region. Along with HHE syndrome, the patient also had global developmental delay. Clinical phenotype of this microdeletion region has not been described in association with HHE syndrome in the literature. We compared the patient's phenotype with other patients in previously published papers of a common region of deletion spanning 157501989–164166203. GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRG2, CYFIP2, and THG1 are the important genes in the present deleted region, which may be responsible for the fever sensitivity and global developmental delay. This is the first case of HHE syndrome in which CMA showed a microdeletion of 5q33.3q34 region. This case report links HHE syndrome and global developmental delay to microdeletion of 5q33.3q34, which has never been reported in literature. The cause of HHE syndrome remains unexplained in present case and HHE may be a causal or chance co‐occurrence.
Metal‐free multicomponent synthesis and in vitro antioxidant activity of indolylpyrazolopyrimidines
Authors: Nadiveedhi Maheshwara Reddy , Shaik Mahammad Sadik , Krishnammagari Suresh Kumar , Cirandur Suresh Reddy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultisubstituted indolylpyrazolopyrimidines were synthesized in good yields with base promoted one‐pot multicomponent system from aldehyde, ketone, and indolylpyrazolamine. Milder and cost‐effective conditions are the highlights of the present protocol. Among the synthesized compounds (4a‐j) 4b, 4c, 4e, and 4f have shown significant better in vitro antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid.
Electrocatalytic multicomponent one‐pot approach to tetrahydro‐2′H,4H‐spiro[benzofuran‐2,5′‐pyrimidine] scaffold
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Egorov Mikhail P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe new electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation has been found: the electrolysis of arylaldehydes, N,N′‐dimethylbarbiturate, and cycloxehane‐1,3‐diones in alcohols in the presence of sodium bromide as a mediator in an undivided cell results in the formation of substituted unsymmetric spirobarbituric dihydrofurans in 62%–76% yields. The optimized reaction conditions and a mechanistic rationale for this electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation are presented. This new electrocatalytic process is a facile and efficient way to produce substituted unsymmetric spirobarbituric dihydrofurans containing both barbituric and 3,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzofuran‐4(2H)‐one fragments, which are promising compounds for different biomedical applications, among them are anticonvulsants, anti‐AIDS agents, and antiinflammatory remedies. The scaffold approach was employed to find a protein, which may be influenced by the synthesized compounds—human aldose reductase was proposed. It was shown by molecular docking studies that such a scaffold search is beneficial and tetrahydro‐2′H,4H‐spiro[benzofuran‐2,5′‐pyrimidines] used in this approach are promising for the development of novel aldose reductase inhibitors.
An efficient ultrasonic synthetic approach, DFT study, and molecular docking of 6a‐hydroxy‐9‐nitro‐6,6a‐dihydro‐isoindolo[2,1‐a] quinazoline‐5,11‐dione derivatives as algaecides for refining wastewater
Authors: El‐Banna Mohamed G. , El‐Hashash Maher A. , Elnaggar Abeer M. , El‐Badawy Azza A. , Rizk Sameh A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present work, reaction of 3‐nitrophthalic anhydride with anthranilic acid to afford the corresponding anthranil that is treated with acetic anhydride that yielded the 2‐benzoxazinonyl‐5‐nitrobenzoic acid (BNBA) could be isomerized to the stereogenic 9‐nitrobenzoxazinone[2,3‐a]isoindolinone acetate (NBIA) via basic reaction conditions. A reaction of the BNBA→NBIA was allowed with series of nitrogen nucleophiles such as formamide and hydrazine derivatives, for example, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxyl amine, acetic hydrazide, thiosemicarbazide, thiocarboihydrazide, and some amino acid, for example, glycine, alanine, and some aliphatic amine, for example, octyl amine, decyl amine, and aromatic amine, for example, aniline, o‐toluidine, 4‐aminobenzoic acid, and carbon nucleophiles such as malononitrile and diethylmalonate. The basicity of previous nucleophiles and thermal stability of the products can be controlled on the course of reaction. The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds can be confirmed by micro‐analytical, spectral data, and they are optimized by quantum chemical parameters (DFT study) to identify the thermal stability of the products. The data obtained from the molecular modeling were correlated with those obtained from the biological screening. A novel sequence of quinazoline derivatives were synthesized, evaluated for their algaecides activity against compounds 1, 2b, and 6 that showed the highest algaecides activities of this series with relatively low toxicity in the median lethal dose test. The obtained results proved that the most active compounds could be useful models for future design, adaptation, and investigation to construct more active analogs.
HDAC11 regulates expression of C/EBPβ and immunosuppressive molecules in myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Chen Jie , Cheng Fengdong , Sahakian Eva , Powers John , Wang Zi , Tao Jianguo , Seto Edward , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Sotomayor Eduardo M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells derived from bone marrow and negatively regulate both innate and adaptive immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Previously we have demonstrated that MDSCs lacking histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) displayed an increased suppressive activity against CD8+ T-cells. However, the mechanisms of HDAC11 that contribute to the suppressive function of MDSCs remain unclear. Here, we show that arginase activity and NO production is significantly higher in HDAC11 knockout MDSCs when compared with wild-type (WT) controls. In the absence of HDAC11, elevated arginase level and enzymatic activity were observed preferentially in the tumor-infiltrated granulocytic MDSCs, whereas iNOS expression and NO production were increased in the tumor-infiltrated monocytic MDSCs. Of note and for the first time, we demonstrated an association between the elevated expression of immunosuppressive molecules with up-regulation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ in MDSCs lacking HDAC11. Interestingly, the highest expression of C/EBPβ was observed among CD11b+ Gr-1+ MDSCs isolated from tumor-bearing mice. The additional demonstration that HDAC11 is recruited to the promoter region of C/EBPβ in WT MDSCs suggests a novel molecular mechanism by which HDAC11 influence the expression of immunosuppressive molecules in MDSCs through regulation of C/EBPβ gene expression.
A review of signaling and transcriptional control in T follicular helper cell differentiation
Authors: Hart Andrew P , Laufer Terri M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractT follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity and assist in optimal Ab-mediated defense. Multiple effector functions of Tfh support germinal center B cell survival, Ab class switching, and plasma cell maturation. In the past 2 decades, the phenotype and functional characteristics of GC Tfh have been clarified allowing for robust studies of the Th subset including activation signals and environmental cues controlling Tfh differentiation and migration during an immune response. A unique, 2-step differentiation process of Tfh has been proposed but the mechanisms underlying transition between unstable Tfh precursors and functional mature Tfh remain elusive. Likewise, newly identified transcriptional regulators of Tfh development have not yet been incorporated into our understanding of how these cells might function in disease. Here, we review the signals and downstream transcription factors that shape Tfh differentiation including what is known about the epigenetic processes that maintain Tfh identity. It is proposed that further evaluation of the stepwise differentiation pattern of Tfh will yield greater insights into how these cells become dysregulated in autoimmunity.
ER stress protein PERK promotes inappropriate innate immune responses and pathogenesis during RSV infection
Authors: Narayanan Samanthi , Elesela Srikanth , Rasky Andrew J , Morris Susan H , Kumar Surinder , Lombard David , Lukacs Nicholas W 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe activation of dendritic cells (DC) during respiratory viral infections is central to directing the immune response and the pathologic outcome. In these studies, the effect of RSV infection on development of ER stress responses and the impact on innate immunity was examined. The upregulation of ER stress was closely associated with the PERK pathway through the upregulation of CHOP in RSV infected DC. The inhibition of PERK corresponded with decreased EIF2a phosphorylation but had no significant effect on Nrf2 in DC, two primary pathways regulated by PERK. Subsequent studies identified that by blocking PERK activity in infected DC an altered ER stress response and innate cytokine profile was observed with the upregulation of IFNβ and IL-12, coincident to the down regulation of IL-1β. When mitochondria respiration was assessed in PERK deficient DC there were increased dysfunctional mitochondria after RSV infection that resulted in reduced oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and ATP production indicating altered cellular metabolism. Use of a CD11c targeted genetic deleted murine model, RSV infection was characterized by reduced inflammation and diminished mucus staining as well as reduced mucus-associated gene gob5 expression. The assessment of the cytokine responses showed decreased IL-13 and IL-17 along with diminished IL-1β in the lungs of PERK deficient infected mice. When PERK-deficient animals were assessed in parallel for lung leukocyte numbers, animals displayed significantly reduced myeloid and activated CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers. Thus, the PERK activation pathway may provide a rational target for altering the severe outcome of an RSV infection through modifying immune responses.
Improved decadal predictions of East Asian summer monsoon with a weakly coupled data assimilation scheme
Authors: Li Feifei , Wang Bin , He Yujun , Huang Wenyu , Xu Shiming , Liu Li , Liu Juanjuan , Li Lijuan , Wang Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has undergone significant decadal variations since the late 1970s, which greatly affects regional economic and societal activities. However, most available EASM predictions are limited to seasonal to interannual scales, with indistinctive improvements. This study significantly improves decadal prediction skills of the 10‐year‐averaged EASM index (EASMI) and related decadal variations of the East China summer precipitation anomalies (ECSPAs) in the 10‐member decadal prediction experiments started once a year from 1960 to 2005 using a coupled climate model. These improvements are mainly attributed to the use of more realistic and well‐balanced initial conditions (ICs) from a weakly coupled data assimilation system that incorporates the monthly mean atmospheric reanalysis data into the model using the dimension‐reduced projection four‐dimensional variational data assimilation approach, a kind of four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational hybrid method. The atmospheric initialization ameliorates the ICs of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) through the air‐sea coupling, and thus leads to better PDO hindcasts and forecasts (under the representative concentration pathway 4.5). The improved PDO hindcasts (forecasts) result in more accurate hindcasts (forecasts) of land‐sea thermal contrast, and thus have significant impacts on the EASMI. The improved decadal predictions of the EASMI then contribute to the ameliorated prediction on decadal variations of the spatial distribution of ECSPAs. This study highlights the importance of ICs for a coupled model in reasonably presenting decadal variabilities of the EASMI.
Relationships between subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictability and spatial scales in tropical rainfall
Authors: Moron Vincent , Robertson Andrew W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubseasonal to seasonal (S2S) tropical rainfall predictability is assessed both from an analysis of the spatial scales of observed rainfall variability data, as well as from an S2S model reforecast skill. Observed spatial scales are quantified from gridded observed daily rainfall data, in terms of the size (area) of daily contiguous wet grid‐points (referred to as ‘wet patches’), as well as from the spatial autocorrelations of 7–91‐day running averages of rainfall. Model S2S reforecast skill is measured using the anomaly correlation coefficient between observed and simulated weekly and monthly rainfall from an 11‐member ensemble of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reforecasts (1998–2017). Both measures of S2S predictability are found to be systematically lower over land than sea, usually peaking at the start or end of the rainy season and decreasing during the core. Small spatial scales and low skill over equatorial/northern tropical Africa and western Amazonia coincide with small daily rainfall patch size and strong synoptic‐scale (≤7 days) variability there. Over most of South and SE Asia, daily wet patches are larger and strongly modulated by intraseasonal oscillations, boosting S2S rainfall predictability, while this is offset by large daily mean rainfall intensities that increase the noise. In consequence, S2S rainfall skill here generally remains low. Several land areas (as around Maritime Continent from the Philippines to Northern Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa, Eastern South America) exhibit larger spatial scales and skill, especially where the relative amplitude of SST‐forced interannual variations is strong. Most of the Maritime Continent illustrates such behaviour, but even here, the time‐averaged spatial scales and skill drop during the core of the rainy season.
Theoretical study of Raman scattering in MoS2xSe2(1 − x) layered alloys
Authors: Romaniuk Yurii A. , Golovynskyi Sergii , Li Baikui , Qu Junle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional layered crystals have attracted great attention due to their unique properties and practical interests for the application in nano‐optoelectronics. This work theoretically studies the effect of intralayer interaction on the Raman scattering in MoS2xSe2(1 − x) layered alloy, in particular, the change of intensity and position of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane mode bands as a function of the concentration of S or Se atoms. The theory of Raman scattering in the layered alloys is developed, where the Green's function method is used to obtain the Raman scattering intensity. The Raman intensity is a function of the concentration of S or Se atoms in the layers and also a function of the parameters of intralayer and interlayer interactions. The modeling and numerical calculations show that the Raman spectrum mostly depends on the parameter describing the intralayer interaction between the unit cells containing S or Se atoms in the layer. The spectrum exhibits the two‐mode character when the intralayer interaction is weak while conserves the one‐mode character when the intralayer interaction increases to be comparable with the wavenumber position of the bands. The developed microscopic theoretical approach is versatile and can also be applied to interpret Raman spectra and explain some of their features in bulk and two‐dimensional layered alloys.
Venous thromboembolism rates in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities following surgical resection: A systematic review
Authors: Krzyzaniak Halli , You Daniel Z. , Mosca Giulianna , Monument Michael J. , Schneider Prism S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing an orthopedic surgery for bone or soft tissue sarcoma are at increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Unfortunately, there is a lack of thromboprophylaxis guidelines in this population. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the soft tissue and bone sarcoma VTE rate and to explore the thromboprophylaxis regimens used.MethodsThe databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were queried using keywords related to VTE and long bone malignancy requiring surgical intervention to 2020. Included studied reported VTE rate in patients with surgically managed extremity sarcoma. Descriptive statistics and weighted mean totals were calculated.ResultsA total of 2082 studies were screened and 23 studies were included. The overall VTE rate was 2.9%, with a rate of 3.7% and 1.4% in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, respectively. Low‐molecular‐weight heparin was the most commonly used chemoprophylaxis.ConclusionsThere is a high VTE rate following sarcoma surgery. The VTE rate is higher in bone sarcoma surgery, which may be attributed to differences in surgery and postoperative recovery. There was no consensus on the duration or type of thromboprophylaxis used. Future research is needed to determine the most effective thromboprophylaxis regimen in patients with sarcoma and whether individualized thromboprophylaxis is required.
Initial clinical experiences using the intraoperative probe‐based parathyroid autofluorescence identification system—PTeye™ during thyroid and parathyroid procedures
Authors: Kiernan Colleen M. , Thomas Giju , Baregamian Naira , Solόrzano Carmen C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe Food and Drug Administration has cleared a probe‐based near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) detection system called PTeye™ as an adjunct tool for label‐free intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) identification. Since PTeye™ has been investigated only in a “blinded” manner to date, this study describes the preliminary impressions of PTeye™ when used by surgeons without being blinded to the device output.MethodsPatients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid procedures were prospectively recruited. Target tissues were intraoperatively assessed with PTeye™. The surgeon's confidence in PG identification was recorded concomitantly with NIRAF parameters that were output in real‐time from PTeye™.ResultsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 83 patients was performed. PTeye™ was used for interrogating 336 target tissues in 46 parathyroid and 37 thyroid procedures. PTeye™ yielded an overall accuracy of 94.3% with a positive predictive value of 93.0% and a negative predictive value of 100%. An increase in confidence for intraoperative PG identification with PTeye™ was observed by all three participating high‐volume surgeons, irrespective of their level of accrued surgical experience.ConclusionsProbe‐based NIRAF detection with PTeye™ can be a valuable adjunct device to intraoperatively identify PGs for surgeons of varied training and experience.