bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the fuzziness of circulation types derived from the application of obliquely rotated principal component analysis to a T-mode climatic field
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study examined the separability of circulation types (CTs) classified from the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the T-mode matrix (variable is time series and observation is grid points) of a climatic field that explains atmospheric circulation; in addition to the uncertainty introduced on (i) the probability of occurrence, (ii) the mean shape of the CTs, (iii) the trend in the annual frequency of occurrence, (iv) the frequency distribution of the CTs, by using varying threshold values within the range of 0.2–0.35 to assign days to a given CT. The study region is Africa, south of the equator. Some large clusters were classified with most days in the analysis period assigned to them; these classes are interpreted as the dominant states of the atmosphere and generally, their existence results in the poor separability of the CTs since their features overlap with other CTs. Qualitatively, the choice of the threshold values within the defined range has little or no influence on the overall structure of the probability of occurrence of the CTs, the mean shape of the CTs, and the year-to-year variations in the annual occurrence of the CTs. However, it significantly impacts the frequency distribution of the CTs and the statistical significance of the trend in the annual occurrence of the CTs. Stringent threshold values within the defined range might benefit studies that aim to isolate days when specific CTs are most expressed and analyze their mechanism using composite maps, without focus on the frequency distribution and annual occurrence of the CTs. Overall, for the study region, lower threshold values within the defined range might be recommended since relatively, they do not tend to further constrain the probability of group membership, and equally seem to reveal the mechanisms that might be consistent when a given CT occurred regardless of the strength of its signal at a given time.
Re-identification risk prediction paradigm using incomplete statistical information and recursive hypergeometric distribution
Authors: Yang Zhigang , Wang Ruyan , Wu Dapeng , Yang Boran , Luo Daizhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dataset anonymization has not eliminated the re-identification risk, the evaluation of which remains a huge challenge, especially given incomplete statistical information. The re-identification risk of individuals depends on their tuple frequency. The paper proposes the recursive hypergeometric (RH) distribution to accurately calculate the tuple frequency and leverages the binomial distribution to approximate the RH distribution and to efficiently predict the re-identification risk of individuals in both generated and real-world datasets. The experimental results show that our tuple frequency based re-identification risk (TFRR) prediction model has a superior performance (average AUC 0.86~0.98) for all types of datasets. Furthermore, we exploit the value dependence knowledge to rectify the prediction result for some subsets (average AUC 0.95~0.98). Our research reveals the general rule of the tuple frequency distribution and enables individuals and regulators to responsively predict the re-identification risk.
Microplastics pollution studies in India: a recent review of sources, abundances and research perspectives
Authors: Perumal Karthikeyan , Muthuramalingam Subagunasekar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous, persistent pollutants that are reported in abundance in all environments and biota. This review highlights the identification, distribution and concentration of microplastics in all aquatic environments and biota in the India region which is one of the least studied with only forty-four papers published on microplastics during 2013-2020 in the web of science. Results: The present review focuses on the concentration of microplastics in different aquatic environments such as 3096 items/kg in marine sediments, 106 items/kg in biota, 59 items/L in seawater, 175 items/kg in sea salt, 33.9 items/L in lake water, 336 items/kg in lake sediments, 288 pieces/m3 in river water, and 328 items/kg in river sediments. Conclusion: Consequently, we studied the distribution and occurrence of pollution from MPs in coastal and freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes and biota. Therefore, we propose extending studies in all the above areas of microplastics knowing that there are many unique aquatic habitats and species that are yet unexplored. For future research, we suggest new methods for sampling MPs in all marine ecosystems and biota. Assessing research in each of these ways will allow suggesting a microplastic threshold level and devising control initiatives to minimize plastic consumption and its eventual hazard to the aquatic ecosystem. Moreover enforcing strict laws, enhancing legal initiatives, well-planned comprehensive waste management policies and spontaneous public engagement are essential to create awareness of marine plastic pollution and reduce the adverse effects of land-based plastics.
szervezeti egészségfejlesztés munkaerő-piaci hatásai
Authors: Gottfried Péter 
Published: May 2021

Napjainkban a nem fertőző betegségek terjedését illetően növekvő tendenciát figyelhetünk meg. Fontos kiemelni az egészséget negatívan befolyásoló társadalmi tényezőket. A meghatározó faktorok közé tartozik a jövedelem, oktatás, valamint a kutatás szempontjából releváns munka-és életkörülmények. Munkaerő-piaci nézőpontból tekintve, a munkanélküliség és a rossz munkakörülmények szignifikáns mértékben felelősek a mentális és fizikai egészség romlásáért. Az egészséget továbbá a foglalkoztatási feltételek is befolyásolhatják. A meghosszabbított munkaidő bizonyítottan káros az egészségre. A rossz egészségi állapot gyengébb munkateljesítményt, nagyobb arányú betegszabadságot, és magasabb egészségügyi költséget generál. Kutatásomban elsődleges célom a munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés munkaerő-piaci hatásainak és a vállalati egészségfejlesztés iránymutatásainak feltárása volt. Az egészségfejlesztésen belül kiemelt szerepet játszott a fizikai aktivitás. A vizsgálat során hagyományos irodalomelemzést hajtottam végre, hazai-és nemzetközi tanulmányok alapján. Eredményeim szerint a munkahelyi egészségfejlesztésnek több kedvező munkaerő-piaci hatása van, mint a termelékenység növelése, valamint a hiányzások és az egészségügyi költségek csökkenése. Fontos megemlíteni, hogy az egészségfejlesztés esetében mind munkáltatói mind munkavállalói szempontból előnyöket érhetnek el. A vállalati iránymutatásokat illetően, a régebbi szakirodalmi forrásokon kívül, nincs új megközelítésű irányelv. így érdemes lehet egy új és más szempontokat figyelembe vevő vállalati folyamatot kialakítani a hatékony munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés érdekében.
Drivers of Regional Destination Competitiveness: A DEMATEL – Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Bire Rio Benedicto , Conterius Agustino Lukas Fischer , Nasar Asbi 
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to explore a conceptual criteria framework for measuring tourism destination competitiveness at the regional level to fill the existing gap in literature. This study was conducted in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province of Indonesia, by developing a tailored set of criteria for measuring destination competitiveness specific for the regional backdrop through rigorous literature review and in-depth interviews with tourism experts. Moreover, a hybrid MCDM approach combining DEMATEL and Fuzzy TOPSIS techniques was employed to analyze interrelationships and importance rankings of the developed measurement criteria. This research developed a six-factor and twenty-three indicator framework deemed relevant for assessing destination competitiveness at the regional level. The six factors comprise of destination attraction, general infrastructure, superstructure, destination management, price competitiveness, and regional government policy. The DEMATEL analysis revealed regional government policy to be the most influential factor, whilst destination attraction was rendered the most important one. Results from the Fuzzy TOPSIS present the most important indicators from the framework as a natural attraction, accessibility and port infrastructure, accommodation, the image of the destination, and priority towards the tourism sector. Findings from this research provide valuable insights in terms of proposing tourism policymakers with a blueprint of regional destination competitiveness criteria that offers critical inputs for developing medium and long-term tourism strategies.
A Proposal for new Quality attributes for Schedule R of the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940
Authors: Rao Bayya Subba 
Published: May 2021

Original sin is not life but it is a part of life. It establishes psychological, mental and physical health. Statistics reveal several deaths of pregnant mothers, ectopic pregnancy, child deaths or original sin related diseases, apart from lethal consequences which is out of the scope of this article. Use of contraceptive methods may be beneficial in several circumstances avoiding unwanted pregnancies. A few television channels were scrolling the various contraceptive methods and educating the citizens for a good health perspective. The objective of this review is not only to enlighten the various contraceptive methods but also in knowing their failure level methods and some unique evaluation methods that can be included in Schedule R of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 so as to append the quality attributes with in-vitro and in-vivo original sin correlated models. The review illustrates role of researchers/pharmacist/medical professionals in problem solving skills and is also expected to answer the general questions experienced and witnessed by the author relating to original sin including gender sensitization. In India, several national level bodies also insist for academic accreditations the contributions relating to gender sensitization and the article meets criteria as well. If the author as a common man sends a sample for current products for assessing abstract attributes, does Central Drugs Laboratory can?, a thought in this direction is needed which in turn indicates role of questionnaires/instruments in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945. Does a need of a statutory warning for original sin products is necessary, a question is raised and a review by persons skilled in art is proposed. The article illustrates either side to the context. The article also helps to overcome barriers from society, professional point of view relating to original sin related research either at the pre-clinical or at the clinical levels.
Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Delamanid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Advaita B. , Patel Deepa R. , Patel Dhaval M. , Babaria Mansi 
Published: May 2021

Delamanid is successfully used for treatment of MDR TB. A stability indicating analytical method has been developed and validated. In this study Delamanid was degraded under different stress test conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization. The degraded samples were used to develop a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the Delamanid. The Delamanid was well separated from degradation products using a reversed-phase Hypersil BDS C18 (250 mm × 4.6mm i.d., 5µm) column and a mobile phase comprising of 0.01M pH 2.70 Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile (pH 3.50) 70:30, pH of mobile phase was adjusted with Glacial acetic acid and other HPLC parameters were flow rate 1 mL/min, detection wavelength 254 nm and injection volume 10 µl. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Results obtained after validation study indicating that the proposed single method allowed analysis of Delamanid in the presence of their degradation products formed under a variety of stress conditions. The developed procedure was also applicable to the determination of stability of the Delamanid in commercial pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: Delamanid, stability indicating analytical method, HPLC
Effect of COVID 19 on thyroid gland function
Authors: Mohammed Hussein Adnan , Omairi Saleh Salman 
Published: May 2021

The pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease induced by it (Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19) has been filling the pages of newspapers, television news and websites for days. It is a new virus, which until a few months ago probably lived only in bats, about which there is little scientific certainty about humans. The few evidences, however, are constantly updated and evolving. It is therefore not uncommon to come across information from unreliable sources and / or without any scientific basis. As far as possible, I will try to shed some light on the possible relationships between the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the endocrinological system. This article, therefore, is the result of a completely personal research carried out in scientific journals, international scientific research sites and on the opinion of experts in the sector (expert opinions). It does not presume to be exhaustive, as the current certainties are very few and in any case must be interpreted dynamically since the scientific framework is constantly evolving. In essence, the information reported at the time of writing this article is based on what is currently known about the COVID-19 infection, but could be outdated in the coming months, based on the finding of new scientific evidence.
Keywords: Effect, COVID 19, thyroid, gland, function
Evaluation of Drug Prescription Pattern using World Health Organisation Prescribing Indicators in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore
Authors: Cherian Ritty Sara , Stuthy Gaddam Mrudula , Salin Dhanush 
Published: May 2021

Aim of the study: To monitor the drug use patterns by using WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary care hospital and to minimise the irrational prescribing practices by the prescribers. To monitor the drug use patterns by using WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary care hospital and to minimise the irrational prescribing practices by the prescribers. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study, the patients who were satisfying the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study. The patient’s data were collected in specially designed documentation form. The collected data’s were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: The study was conducted in 143 patients in which the average number of drugs per encounters was 3.5 and the percentage of drugs in the generic name was 37.10% (n=190), and in brand names were 62.89% (n=322). The number of encounters with antibiotics was 61.5% and where as 57.35% of the total drugs prescribed was injections. Most of the medicines prescribed were included in the list of essential medicines of India that is 96.09% and without use of antibiotics 38.46% (n=55). Conclusion: Poly pharmacy leads to drug chances of interactions and risk of ADRs and revealed that most of the patients were prescribed with the poly pharmacy and in brand names. The use of antibiotics was much more in the study, which should be minimize so that antimicrobial resistance can be minimized. Keywords: adverse drug reaction, essential drug list, prescribing indicators
Comparative Study of Different Products of Carbamazepine Tablets Available in Iraqi Market
Authors: Al-Shaheen Mohammed K , Majeed Saad M , Al-Zidan Radhwan Nidal 
Published: May 2021

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug to control grand mal epilepsy, as well as for the treatment of peripheral neuralgia. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), CBZ is considered a class II drug. CBZ is characterized by a slow and irregular gastrointestinal absorption, with irregular oral bioavailability; due to its low water solubility. Therefore, the release of the drug from the dosage form (tablets in this study) and the subsequent step of dissolution represent the most important parameters that decide whether a sufficient plasma concentration will be achieved or not. In the current study, the FTIR study for the pure API, CBZ, and the different commercially available brands of CBZ conventional tablets, available in the Iraqi drug market (Mosul city as an example), were examined. Subsequently, various quality control parameters such as the weight variation, content uniformity, friability, and hardness of the conventional CBZ tablets were conducted. Moreover, the disintegration and the dissolution tests of the different brands of CBZ available in the Iraqi drug market were performed.
Keywords: Antiepileptic Drug, Bioequivalence; Epilepsy; Generic; Brand vs generic; IVIVC; QC
Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate): An important mineral drug of Unani medicine to be used in the management of various ailments
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ahmad Haqeeq , Hafiz Khadija Abdul 
Published: May 2021

Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate) is a mineral origin drug in Unani system of medicine (USM). Chemically, it is known as copper sulphate that formulated as CuSO4. It is used by various Unani scholars to manage different ailments in effective and safe manner as Mufrad (single) and Murakkab (compound) form viz. Amrad Jild (skin disease), Amrad Chashm (eyes diseases), Amrad Nizam Hadm (GIT diseases), Amrad Tansuliya (sexually transmit diseases), Amrad Dimag (brain diseases), Amrad Tanffus (respiratory disease) and Poisoning of certain substances. A review was done by bibliographic database from ScienceDirect, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ebsco Publishing's Electronic Databases, and Scirus. Search was done by using key words viz. ‘Neela Thotha’, ‘Copper sulphate ’, ‘Tootiya’, and ‘CuSO4’, literature of Neela Thotha was also collected from the renowned Unani text book viz. Khazain-ul-Advia, Mohit-e-Aazam, Makhzan-ul-Mufradat, and Mufradat-e-Azizi and also from standard conventional books viz. Indian Medicinal Plants, and Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. In conventional medicine Neela Thotha considered as poisonous substance characterized by colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe headache, albuminuria, dyspnoea, circulatory failure, coma and death and avoids its use in human being. While in USM after proper detoxification of Neela Thotha is used in various ailments. Neela Thotha and its formulations have been claimed by Unani scholars to be useful in the management of various ailments. In this article authors have an attempt to explore properties and used of Neela Thotha in several ailments.
Keywords: Neela Thotha; Tootiya; CuSO4; Copper sulphate; Copper
HCIP: An Online database for prediction CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition potential of bioactive compounds
Authors: Sarvesh Sabarathinam , L Preethi , Meganathan Haripritha , Gokulan M Arjun , Dhanasekaran Dhivya , Ganamurali Nila , Radhakrishnan Rahul 
Published: May 2021

Background: Concomitant administration of herbal medicine and conventional may lead to severe metabolism-oriented herb-drug interactions. However, detecting herb-drug interaction is expensive and higher time-consuming. Several computer-aided techniques have been proposed in recent years to predict drug interactions. However, most of the methods cannot predict herb-drug interactions effectively.
Methods: Canonical SMILES of bioactive compounds was gathered from the PubChem online database, and its inhibition details were gathered PKCSM from the webserver.
Results: By searching the bioactive compound name in the search bar of “The Herb-CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition Predictor online database” (HCIP- http://hcip.in/), it will provide the liver enzyme inhibition profile of the selected bioactive compound. For example; Guggulsterone: CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Conclusion: The Herb-CYP450 Enzyme Inhibition Predictor online database is very peculiar and easy to determine the inhibition profile of the targeted bioactive compound.
Keywords: CYP450; Enzyme inhibition; Bioactive Compounds; Online database; Herb-Drug Interaction
Prescribing Patterns of Drugs in Geriatric Patient
Authors: John Nimmy N , VJ Arjun , James Annie , NN Ramesh , Mahendrakar Ashok 
Published: May 2021

A prospective observational study on prescribing pattern of drugs in the geriatric patients was conducted in Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre. The present study aimed to study prescribing patterns of various drugs in elderly patients and to evaluate inappropriate prescribing with the help of beers criteria. A total of 100 patients of geriatric age group(>/65 years) was included in the study for the period of 3 months of which, most of the patients were in the age group of 65-70 years (79.24%), out of which 52 were male and 48 were females. Maximum subjects were prescribed with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors followed by analgesics. A minimum of 5 drugs were prescribed in 46 cases, followed by 5-8 drugs in 36 cases, then more than 8 drugs were prescribed in around 18 cases. Based on beers criteria 23 patients received potentially inappropriate prescription of at least 1 drug and all these belongs to category A. The study concluded that there is need for careful application of the criteria by health care professional, consumers, payers and health systems should lead to closer monitoring of drug use.
Keywords: Prescribing pattern, geriatrics, beers criteria, antibiotics, analgesics.
Implementation of Conversation Instruction to Upgrade Speech Skill (A Comparative Study between Pondok Pesantren Walisongo Sragen and Pondok Pesantren Darul Mukhlisin Temulus Ngawi)/تنفيذ تعليم المحادثة لترقية مهارة الكلام (دراسة مقارنة بين معهد والي سوعو
Authors: Susilaningtyas Rohmah 
Published: May 2021

This research aims to know: (1) explaining the history of Muhadasah program in boarding school Walisongo Sragen to increase Maharoh kalam in the year 2018/2019 (2) explaining the use of Muhadasah program in Walisongo Boarding School Sragen to increase Maharoh kalam in the year 2018/2019. This research uses qualitative research. The methods of collecting data are observations, interviews and documentation. The test validity of data by using source triangulation. The analysis of data starts with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results showed that: 1) The Muhadasah Program is used to increase the Maharoh kalam this appears on the indicator of the students achievement in the Maharoh Kalam, the program begins from the Salaf boarding school that only teaches the kitab kuning then Develop a muhadasah program to enhance the Maharoh kalam. The level of learning of the nature of the boarding school Walisongo Sragen starts from the basic level and intermediate and the upper level. (2) The activities of the muhadasah program carried out every Sunday then implemented on the use of Arabic in daily conversation although the implementation of this program is a new program for the Salaf boarding school. Alhought, the model of learning Muhadasah in the Waisongo boarding school Sragen by using memorization model, free muhadasah model and the model of the answer (dialogue). Alhought, method of evaluation is used with the observation approach and location approach.