bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Derived Xenograft Engraftment and Breast Cancer Outcomes in a Prospective Neoadjuvant Study (BEAUTY)
Authors: Boughey Judy C. , Suman Vera J. , Yu Jia , Santo Katelyn , Sinnwell Jason P. , Carter Jodi M. , Kalari Krishna R. , Tang Xiaojia , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Northfelt Donald W. , Gray Richard J. , Hunt Katie N. , Conners Amy Lynn , Ingle James N. , Moyer Ann , Weinshilboum Richard , Copland John A. , Wang Liewei , Goetz Matthew P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are a research tool for studying cancer biology and drug response phenotypes. While engraftment rates are higher for tumors with more aggressive characteristics, it is uncertain whether engraftment is prognostic for cancer recurrence.

Patients and Methods:
In a prospective study of patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with taxane ± trastuzumab followed by anthracycline-based chemotherapy, we report the association between breast cancer events and PDX engraftment using tumors derived from treatment naïve (pre-NAC biopsies from 113 patients) and treatment resistant (post-NAC at surgery from 34 patients). Gray test was used to assess whether the cumulative incidence of a breast cancer event differs with respect to either pre-NAC PDX engraftment or post-NAC PDX engraftment.

Results:
With a median follow-up of 5.7 years, the cumulative incidence of breast cancer relapse did not differ significantly according to pre-NAC PDX engraftment (5-year rate: 13.6% vs. 13.4%; P = 0.89). However, the incidence of a breast event was greater for patients with post-NAC PDX engraftment (5-year rate: 50.0% vs. 19.6%), but this did not achieve significance (P = 0.11).

Conclusions:
In treatment-naïve breast cancer receiving standard NAC, PDX engraftment was not prognostic for breast cancer recurrence. Further study is needed to establish whether PDX engraftment in the treatment-resistant setting is prognostic for cancer recurrence.
A Role for SMARCB1 in Synovial Sarcomagenesis Reveals That SS18–SSX Induces Canonical BAF Destruction
Authors: Li Jinxiu , Mulvihill Timothy S. , Li Li , Barrott Jared J. , Nelson Mary L. , Wagner Lena , Lock Ian C. , Pozner Amir , Lambert Sydney Lynn , Ozenberger Benjamin B. , Ward Michael B. , Grossmann Allie H. , Liu Ting , Banito Ana , Cairns Bradley R. , Jones Kevin B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReduced protein levels of SMARCB1 (also known as BAF47, INI1, SNF5) have long been observed in synovial sarcoma. Here, we show that combined Smarcb1 genetic loss with SS18–SSX expression in mice synergized to produce aggressive tumors with histomorphology, transcriptomes, and genome-wide BAF-family complex distributions distinct from SS18–SSX alone, indicating a defining role for SMARCB1 in synovial sarcoma. Smarcb1 silencing alone in mesenchyme modeled epithelioid sarcomagenesis. In mouse and human synovial sarcoma cells, SMARCB1 was identified within PBAF and canonical BAF (CBAF) complexes, coincorporated with SS18–SSX in the latter. Recombinant expression of CBAF components in human cells reconstituted CBAF subcomplexes that contained equal levels of SMARCB1 regardless of SS18 or SS18–SSX inclusion. In vivo, SS18–SSX expression led to whole-complex CBAF degradation, rendering increases in the relative prevalence of other BAF-family subtypes, PBAF and GBAF complexes, over time. Thus, SS18–SSX alters BAF subtypes levels/balance and genome distribution, driving synovial sarcomagenesis.Significance:The protein level of BAF component SMARCB1 is reduced in synovial sarcoma but plays a defining role, incorporating into PBAF and SS18–SSX-containing canonical BAF complexes. Reduced levels of SMARCB1 derive from whole-complex degradation of canonical BAF driven by SS18–SSX, with relative increases in the abundance of other BAF-family subtypes.See related commentary by Maxwell and Hargreaves, p. 2375This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
Perceived Versus Objective Change in Walking Ability in Peripheral Artery Disease: Results from 3 Randomized Clinical Trials of Exercise Therapy
Authors: McDermott Mary M. , Tian Lu , Criqui Michael H. , Ferrucci Luigi , Greenland Philip , Guralnik Jack M. , Kibbe Melina R. , Li Lingyu , Sufit Robert , Zhao Lihui , Polonsky Tamar S. 
Published: June 2021

Background
In people with lower‐extremity peripheral artery disease, the effects of exercise on patient‐reported outcomes remain unclear.

Methods and Results

Four hundred four people with peripheral artery disease in 3 clinical trials were randomized to exercise (N=205) or a control group (N=199) and completed the 6‐minute walk and the Walking Impairment Questionnaire distance score (score 0–100, 100=best) at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. Compared with the control group, exercise improved 6‐minute walk distance by +39.8 m (95% CI, 26.8–52.8,
P
<0.001) and the Walking Impairment Questionnaire distance score by +7.3 (95% CI, 2.4–12.1,
P
=0.003). In all, 2828 individual Walking Impairment Questionnaire distance score questions were completed at baseline and follow‐up. Among participants who perceived no change in ability to walk 1 or more distances between baseline and follow‐up, 6‐minute walk improved in the exercise group and declined in the control group (+26.8 versus −6.5 m,
P
<0.001). Among participants who perceived that their walking ability worsened for 1 or more distances between baseline and follow‐up, the 6‐minute walk improved in the exercise group and declined in the control group (+18.4 versus –27.3 m,
P
<0.001). Among participants who reported worsening calf symptoms at follow‐up, the exercise group improved and the control group declined (+28.9 versus −12.5 m,
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
In 3 randomized trials, exercise significantly improved the 6‐minute walk distance in people with peripheral artery disease, but many participants randomized to exercise reported no change or decline in walking ability. These findings suggest a significant discrepancy in objectively measured walking improvement relative to perceived walking improvement in people with peripheral artery disease.

Registration Information
clinicaltrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT 00106327, NCT 01408901.
Objective Assessment of Daytime Napping and Incident Heart Failure in 1140 Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Li Peng , Gaba Arlen , Wong Patricia M. , Cui Longchang , Yu Lei , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S. , Gao Lei , Hu Kun 
Published: June 2021

Background
Disrupted nighttime sleep has been associated with heart failure (HF). However, the relationship between daytime napping, an important aspect of sleep behavior commonly seen in older adults, and HF remains unclear. We sought to investigate the association of objectively assessed daytime napping and risk of incident HF during follow‐up.

Methods and Results

We studied 1140 older adults (age, 80.7±7.4 [SD] years; female sex, 867 [76.1%]) in the Rush Memory and Aging Project who had no HF at baseline and were followed annually for up to 14 years. Motor activity (ie, actigraphy) was recorded for ≈10 days at baseline. We assessed daytime napping episodes between 9
am
and 7
pm
objectively from actigraphy using a previously published algorithm for sleep detection. Cox proportional hazards models examined associations of daily napping duration and frequency with incident HF. Eighty‐six participants developed incident HF, and the mean onset time was 5.7 years (SD, 3.4; range, 1–14). Participants who napped longer than 44.4 minutes (ie, the median daily napping duration) showed a 1.73‐fold higher risk of developing incident HF than participants who napped <44.4 minutes. Consistently, participants who napped >1.7 times/day (ie, the median daily napping frequency) showed a 2.20‐fold increase compared with participants who napped <1.7 times/day. These associations persisted after adjustment for covariates, including nighttime sleep, comorbidities, and cardiovascular disease/risk factors.

Conclusions
Longer and more frequent objective napping predicted elevated future risk of developing incident HF. Future studies are needed to establish underlying mechanisms.
Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Years Before Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women With and Without Preterm Birth and Small‐for‐Gestational‐Age Delivery
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Shah Baiju R. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Women with either preterm or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) delivery have an elevated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease that has been attributed to the accrual of vascular risk factors over time. We sought to determine whether an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile develops in the years before pregnancies complicated by preterm delivery or SGA.

Methods and Results
Using administrative databases, we identified all 156 278 nulliparous women in Ontario, Canada, who had singleton pregnancies between January 2011 and December 2018 and ≥2 measurements of the following analytes between January 2008 and the start of pregnancy: glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose, lipids, and alanine aminotransferase. There were 11 078 women with preterm delivery and 19 367 with SGA. The 2 most recent pregravid tests were performed at median 0.6 (interquartile range, 0.3–1.4) and 1.9 (interquartile range, 1.1–3.3) years before pregnancy, respectively. Women with preterm delivery had higher pregravid glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, than those without preterm delivery. In contrast, women with SGA had lower pregravid fasting glucose, random glucose, and triglycerides than those without SGA. In the years before pregnancy, women with preterm delivery had higher annual increases than their peers in glycosylated hemoglobin (0.7‐times higher), triglycerides (7.9‐times higher), and alanine aminotransferase (2.2‐times higher). During this time, fasting glucose increased in women who developed preterm delivery but decreased in their peers.

Conclusions
An adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile evolves over time in the years before pregnancy complicated by preterm delivery, but does not necessarily precede SGA.
Examining the Impact of STEAM Education Reform on Teachers’ Perceptions about STEAM in Uzbekistan
Authors: Lee Yumi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In an effort to reform education, Uzbekistan has adopted STEAM education as a basic principle of educational reform. However, as these efforts are largely being made from a top-down manner, knowledge about STEAM education in schools and informal settings is not yet well known. This paper introduces Uzbekistan’s general education status and shares findings from surveys and interviews with in- and pre-service teachers, and professors about STEAM education. In addition, newspaper articles and government documents about STEAM education were analyzed to understanding how education reforms are being established. STEAM education is explored as a potential tool for helping to improve science teaching and learning in the Uzbekistan education system. Using survey responses and interviews, this paper shares how teachers think of STEAM education and makes suggestions for how the government can more effectively achieve reform goals related to STEAM education.
Influence of Dust on the Initiation of Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth Events
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Liu Peng , Li Dawei , Peng Yiran , Hu Yongyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has been demonstrated previously that atmospheric dust loading during the Precambrian could have been an order of magnitude higher than in the present day and could have cooled the global climate by more than 10 °C. Here, using the fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model CESM1.2.2, we determine whether such dust loading could have facilitated the formation of Neoproterozoic snowball Earth events. Our results indicate global dust emission decreases as atmospheric CO2concentration (pCO2) decreases due to increasing snow coverage, but atmospheric dust loading does not change or even increases due to decreasing precipitation and strengthening June-July-August (JJA) Hadley circulation. The latter lifts more dust particles to high altitude and thus increases the lifetime of these particles. As the climate becomes colder and the surface albedo higher, the cooling effect of dust becomes weaker; when the global mean surface temperature is approximately -13 °C, dust has negligible cooling effect. The thresholdpCO2at which Earth enters a snowball state is between 280 to 140 ppmv when there is no dust, and is similar when there is relatively light dust loading (~4.4 times present-day value). However, the thresholdpCO2decreases dramatically to between 70 to 35 ppmv when there is heavy dust loading (~33 times present-day value), due to the decrease in planetary albedo which increases the energy input into the climate system. Therefore, dust makes it more difficult for Earth to enter a snowball state.
Development, fabrication and evaluation of passive interface gloves
Authors: Mehmood Adnan , He Han , Chen Xiaochen , Khan Zahangir , Ihalainen Tiina , Virkki Johanna 
Published: June 2021

Previously, glove-integrated communication based on gestures, hand movement and finger touch had a complex operating system and an active power source was needed. This paper introduces batteryless and maintenance-free interface gloves. Our solution is based on passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, comprising four electro-textile antenna parts and three RFID microchips (each with a unique ID). The three RFID microchips have unique IDs, which can be activated by the gentle touch of the human finger and used to control the surrounding technology. The aim is to evaluate the reliability of different conductive materials and microchip attachment methods. The antennas are fabricated from two different materials: a stretchable and a non-stretchable commercial electro-textile. Further, two types of microchip attachment methods are used with both antenna materials: a conductive silver epoxy and embroidery with conductive multifilament silver-plated thread. The developed interface gloves are tested by six users in a home and in an office environment, where they achieve 93–100% success rates. Especially those glove interfaces with the antennas fabricated from the non-stretchable electro-textile and the antenna-microchip interconnections embroidered with conductive thread showed good read ranges (80–110 cm). The gloves also show practical functionality, when tested with a mobile reader in practical identification and access control application. These results are very encouraging, especially when considering that the interface glove, being maintenance-free and cost-effective, promises versatile and interesting applications for customizing user-friendly augmentative and alternative communication solutions, easy controlling of ambient assisted-living applications, and providing simple identification and access control for increased safety and comfort.
The Impact of Student Choice to Engage in Cooperative Learning on the Final Exam While Controlling for Early Exam Performance and ACT in Introduction to Psychology
Authors: Williamson Manda J. , Garbin Jonah 
Published: June 2021

Background: Researchers suggest benefits for cooperative learning, but often fail to control for choosing to engage cooperatively, ACT scores or early course performance. Objective: To observe the effects of choosing cooperative work on exam performance in an Introduction to Psychology Course, while controlling for early exam performance and ACT. Method: Data from 261 students assessed the interaction between choice to work cooperatively, alone or being required to work alone while controlling for ACT Score and performance on early tests, respectively. Results: We observed an interaction between Group and ACT on final exam scores, indicating students who worked cooperatively showed the greatest exam benefits at lower ACT scores. Additionally, a trend toward a significant interaction was found between group and early exam performance, indicating a possible benefit for choosing to work cooperatively for low performers. Conclusion: Choosing to engage in cooperative learning may decrease ACT-indicated skill differences and early exam success on final exam performance. Teaching Implications: To decrease the impact of ACT-influenced effects on exam scores, choice to complete cooperative learning activities should be offered in Introduction to Psychology courses.
Relationship between dietary factors and recurrent aphthous stomatitis in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Kaiyuan , Zhou Chongchong , Huang Fan , Duan Ning , Wang Yanyi , Zheng Lichun , Wang Xiang , Wang Wenmei 
Published: June 2021

Objective Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a common oral mucosal disorder characterized by chronic, inflammatory, and ovoid ulcers, has a complex etiology. The purpose of the study was to investigate the specific dietary factors influencing the prevalence of RAS. Methods A total of 754 participants aged 18 to 59 years were enrolled in this descriptive cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire was adopted to investigate the distribution of RAS, dietary factors, self-reported trigger factors, and therapeutic methods. Results Among all participants, the prevalence rate of RAS was 21.4%. Univariable analysis showed that fruit, dairy products, vegetables, and water, but not fried foods, fermented foods, spicy foods, and eggs, were preventive factors against RAS. After adjusting for age and sex, multivariable regression analysis suggested that fruit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.430, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.218–0.847) and water (aOR = 0.294, 95% CI = 0.119–0.726) were protective factors against RAS. Conclusion This study found that the consumption of fruit and water was negatively associated with RAS. These results imply a potential adjunctive and complementary role of food in RAS treatment and some feasible means of RAS prevention.
Red blood cell distribution width and serum CA-125 level as prognostic markers in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: He Fang , Zhao Ping , Chu Yan , Zhao Na , Cheng Jiexi 
Published: June 2021

Objective Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a primary cause of hospitalization and death in COPD. Serum CA-125 and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are related to AECOPD. We investigated correlations between serum markers and AECOPD. Methods In total, 132 patients with AECOPD were included from January 2017 to December 2019. Participants were followed for 1 year. Patients were assigned to the poor prognosis (n = 40) or good prognosis (n = 92) group. We collected serum samples and general clinical information and conducted routine blood tests. We used logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analyses to assess differences between groups. Results We found significant differences between groups (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) for age (1.046, 1.005–1.09), RDW (2.012, 1.339–3.023), and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125; 1.022, 1.006–1.039); these remained risk factors for AECOPD prognosis in multivariate analyses. RDW and CA-125 in combination was significant in ROC curve analysis. The AUC of RDW, CA-125, and these combined were 0.691, 0.779, and 0.772, respectively. Patients with RDW >12.75% and CA-125 >15.65 U/mL were predicted to have poor prognosis. Conclusions We found that RDW and CA-125 are potential prognostic indicators for AECOPD.
Beriberi in Brazil: A Disease That Affects Indigenous People
Authors: Assunção Anne Karine Martins , Branco Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho , Santos Thiago de Sousa , Costa Silmery da Silva Brito , Júnior José de Jesus Dias , Soeiro Vanessa Moreira da Silva , Araújo Adriana Soraya , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Frota Maria Tereza Borges Araújo , Caldas Arlene de Jesus Mendes , de Oliveira Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves , Santos Alcione Miranda dos 
Published: June 2021

Background: Beriberi is the clinical manifestation of thiamine deficiency. It is multicausal and typically associated with poverty and food insecurity among vulnerable populations, such as indigenous people. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a spatial analysis of reported cases of beriberi among indigenous people in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study using time series data on suspected cases of beriberi reported to the Ministry of Health via the FormSUS between July 2013 and September 2018. Indigenous villages were georeferenced, and Kernel density estimation was used to identify patterns of the spatial distribution of beriberi cases. Results: A total of 414 cases of beriberi were reported in the country of which 210 (50.7%) were indigenous people. All the cases in indigenous people occurred in states located in the Legal Amazon (Maranhão, Roraima, and Tocantins). Kernel density estimation showed high-density areas in Tocantins and Roraima. Conclusions: This is the first nationwide study of reported cases of beriberi. The findings can be used to guide actions that contribute to the monitoring and prevention of beriberi among indigenous people.
Effectiveness of Interprofessional Consultation-Based Interventions for Delirium: A Scoping Review
Authors: Monaghan Caitlin , Martin Grace , Kerr Jason , Peters Mary-Lynn , Versloot Judith 
Published: June 2021

Background: Interprofessional geriatric consultation teams and multicomponent interventions are established models for delirium care. They are combined in interprofessional consultative delirium team interventions; however, insight into this novel approach is lacking. Objective: To describe the effectiveness and core components of consultation-based interventions for delirium. Method: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ProQuest. Data on core intervention components, outcomes, facilitators, and barriers were extracted. Results: 10 studies were included. Core intervention components were systematic delirium screening, ongoing consultation, implementation of non-pharmacologic and pharmacological interventions, and staff education. Of the included studies, 1/6 found a significant reduction in delirium incidence, 1/2 a reduction in delirium duration, and 2/3 found a reduction in falls. Facilitators and barriers to implementation were discussed. Conclusion: There was consistency in team structure and core components, however intervention operationalization and effectiveness varied widely. There is some evidence that this model is effective for reducing delirium and its sequelae.