bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Ebstein anomaly national outcomes from 2000 to 2018 using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Peluso Allison M. , Othman Hasan F. , Zahka Kenneth , Perez Antonio L. , Sammour Ibrahim , Aly Hany 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence, morbidity, and mortality associated with Ebstein anomaly (EA) remains poorly characterized in neonates. EA is a rare form of congenital heart disease (CHD) with significant heterogeneity.ObjectiveTo determine the recent, 2000–2018, prevalence, mortality, outcomes, and healthcare utilization of infants admitted at ≤28 days of life with EA in comparison to other critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) in the United States using a national data set.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) was queried for infants admitted for any reason at ≤28 days of life with a diagnosis of EA between 2000 and 2018 using ICD‐9 and 10 codes in the United States. Patient characteristics, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization were evaluated for EA and compared with other CCHD.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2018 a total of 68,312,952 neonatal admissions were identified, of them 4,398 neonates with isolated EA were identified, representing 7 per 100,000 neonatal admissions and 2.2% of CCHD admissions (4,398/197,881). The number of new EA cases ranged from 138 to 375 per year. In‐hospital mortality was 12.3% and surgical repair occurred in 4.2% for infants with EA. There were 470 deaths without surgical repair which is 86.6% of the mortality. Arrhythmias were diagnosed in 10.6% and ECMO was used for 2.6% of neonates with EA.ConclusionEA is a rare form of CHD. The prevalence has remained stable over the 19 years whereas other congenital heart defects have had an increase. The mortality in neonates with EA was significantly higher than in pooled CCHD; the burden of mortality occurred in the neonates without surgical intervention.
Probabilistic model by Bayesian network for the prediction of antibody glycosylation in perfusion and fed‐batch cell cultures
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang MingLiang , Castan Andreas , Hjalmarsson Håkan , Chotteau Veronique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlycosylation is a critical quality attribute of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The glycan pattern can have a large impact on the immunological functions, serum half‐life and stability. The medium components and cultivation parameters are known to potentially influence the glycosylation profile. Mathematical modelling provides a strategy for rational design and control of the upstream bioprocess. However, the kinetic models usually contain a very large number of unknown parameters, which limit their practical applications. In this article, we consider the metabolic network of N‐linked glycosylation as a Bayesian network (BN) and calculate the fluxes of the glycosylation process as joint probability using the culture parameters as inputs. The modelling approach is validated with data of different Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures in pseudo perfusion, perfusion, and fed batch cultures, all showing very good predictive capacities. In cases where a large number of cultivation parameters is available, it is shown here that principal components analysis can efficiently be employed for a dimension reduction of the inputs compared to Pearson correlation analysis and feature importance by decision tree. The present study demonstrates that BN model can be a powerful tool in upstream process and medium development for glycoprotein productions.
Cerium Doping Double Perovskite Scintillator for Sensitive X‐ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Wang Zhilin , Xu Xieming , Wang Shuaihua , Xu Hui , Xu Weiwei , Zeng Qingyou , Deng Guoping , Jiang Yongzheng , Wu Shaofan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScintillators are widely used for nondestructive testing, nuclear medicine imaging, space exploration and security inspection. Recently, lead halide perovskite scintillation crystals have been brought into focus due to their effective atomic number, fast scintillation decay time, strong luminous efficiency, and tunable band gap. However, their application is limited by lead toxicity. Here we report that Ce‐doping can increase sensitivity in lead‐free double perovskite crystals (Cs2NaTbCl6) for X‐ray detection and imaging. The introduction of Ce ions as sensitizer can be used to improve the radioluminescence of the crystals. The light output of Ce : Cs2NaTbCl6 crystals is about 52153 ph/MeV, which is 25 % higher than that of un‐doped crystal. The X‐ray sensitivity is significantly enhanced. Based on our scintillation film X‐ray detector the detection limit is 30 nGy ⋅ s−1, which is about 1/183 of the typical medical imaging dose. Our scintillating film has excellent imaging ability with spatial resolution of up to 10 lp/mm. This research shows that Ce : Cs2NaTbCl6 perovskite crystal scintillators are promising materials for X‐ray imaging application.
Somatosensory innervation of healthy human oral tissues
Authors: Moayedi Yalda , Michlig Stéphanie , Park Mark , Koch Alia , Lumpkin Ellen A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe oral somatosensory system relays essential information about mechanical stimuli to enable oral functions such as feeding and speech. The neurochemical and anatomical diversity of sensory neurons across oral cavity sites have not been systematically compared. To address this gap, we analyzed healthy human tongue and hard‐palate innervation. Biopsies were collected from 12 volunteers and underwent fluorescent immunohistochemistry (≥2 specimens per marker/structure). Afferents were analyzed for markers of neurons (βIII tubulin), myelinated afferents (neurofilament heavy, NFH), and Merkel cells and taste cells (keratin 20, K20). Hard‐palate innervation included Meissner corpuscles, glomerular endings, Merkel cell‐neurite complexes, and free nerve endings. The organization of these somatosensory endings is reminiscent of fingertips, suggesting that the hard palate is equipped with a rich repertoire of sensory neurons for pressure sensing and spatial localization of mechanical inputs, which are essential for speech production and feeding. Likewise, the tongue is innervated by afferents that impart it with exquisite acuity and detection of moving stimuli that support flavor construction and speech. Filiform papillae contained end bulbs of Krause, as well as endings that have not been previously reported, including subepithelial neuronal densities, and NFH+ neurons innervating basal epithelia. Fungiform papillae had Meissner corpuscles and densities of NFH+ intraepithelial neurons surrounding taste buds. The differing compositions of sensory endings within filiform and fungiform papillae suggest that these structures have distinct roles in mechanosensation. Collectively, this study has identified previously undescribed neuronal endings in human oral tissues and provides an anatomical framework for understanding oral mechanosensory functions.
Mining software architecture knowledge: Classifying stack overflow posts using machine learning
Authors: Ali Mubashir , Mushtaq Husnain , Rasheed Muhammad B , Baqir Anees , Alquthami Thamer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoftware Architectural Process (SAP) is a core and excessively knowledge intensive phase of software development life cycle, as it consumes and produces knowledge artifacts, simultaneously. SAP is about making design decisions, and the changes in these verdicts may pose adverse effects on software projects. The performance and properties of software components are fundamentally influenced by the design decisions. The implementation of immature and abrupt design decisions seriously threatens the development process of SAP. Moreover, software architectural knowledge management (AKM) approaches offer systematic ways to support SAP through versatile architectural solutions and design decisions. However, the majority of software organizations have limited access to data and still depend upon manually created and maintained AKM process. In this paper, we have utilized the one of the most prominent online community for software development (i.e., Stack Overflow) as a source of SAP knowledge to support AKM. In order to support AKM, we have proposed a supervised machine learning‐based approach to classify the architectural knowledge into predefined categories, that is, analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and implementation. We have employed different combinations of feature selection technique to achieve the optimal classification results of the used classifiers (Support Vector Machine [SVM], K‐Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and Naive Bayes [NB]). Among these classifiers, SVM with Uni‐gram feature set provides best classification results and attains 85.80% accuracy. For evaluating the proposed approach's effectiveness, we have also computed the suitability of the classifiers, that is, the cost of computation along with its accuracy, and NB with Uni‐gram feature set proved to be the most suitable.
A new open‐source hardware device to measure vertical sperm motility and concentration
Authors: Rivas Arzaluz Cindy , Ayala María E. , Aragón Martínez Andrés 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSperm motility and concentration are commonly evaluated parameters in semen analysis. Those parameters are assessed objectively with commercial instrumentation such as computer‐assisted sperm analysis systems (CASA) and hemocytometer. In CASA systems, sperm motility is assessed in the horizontal plane imposed by the stage of the microscope. Thus, there is lack of measurement of the vertical velocity of sperm. The female reproductive tract is a tridimensional space which the sperm traverse to reach the ovum, and there is a need for instruments measuring parameters more relevant to this real‐world situation. In this report we describe the design, construction and use of an open‐source hardware (OSH) device for evaluation of the vertical velocity of sperm, called UPSPERM. This device was also used to measure sperm concentration, and agreement with hemocytometer was evaluated. Bland–Altman analysis shows good agreement between these two methods of sperm counting. As a first application of UPSPERM, we evaluated the changes in boar sperm motility at distinct pH values between 7.0 and 8.0. The UPSPERM results showed that the vertical velocity of sperm was highest at pH 7.6 and 7.8. We propose that our UPSPERM offers a reliable and affordable option for obtaining measurements of vertical velocity and sperm concentration.
Semi‐distributed resource allocation and power quantization control algorithm for device‐to‐device network
Authors: Alam Naved , Mehfuz Shabana 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe cellular mobile communication network has been widely deployed in large regions to provide connectivity between billions of people. The population of cellular mobile users has been growing since the past decade. Therefore, we need a high capacity cellular system with extraordinary performance to meet the demand of the cellular users. To minimize the traffic load from the evolved Node Base (eNB) station, device‐to‐device (D2D) network must be deployed along with the commercial cellular network. D2D provides the direct connectivity between the proximal users without associating with eNB. This reduces the traffic load from the eNB. In other words, it enhances the capacity of the system. But D2D communication suffers a severe interference by the cellular user. In this paper, we have proposed a solution for the cross‐tier interference faced by the D2D users and eNB under uplink reuse transmission. We have proposed a semi‐distributed resource allocation and power quantization control (SRA–PQC) scheme. The simulation result shows that a better sum rate can be achieved using the proposed scheme.
New synthetic cannabinoids carrying a cyclobutyl methyl side chain: Human Phase I metabolism and data on human cannabinoid receptor 1 binding and activation of Cumyl‐CBMICA and Cumyl‐CBMINACA
Authors: Haschimi Belal , Grafinger Katharina Elisabeth , Pulver Benedikt , Psychou Evangelia , Halter Sebastian , Huppertz Laura M. , Westphal Folker , Pütz Michael , Auwärter Volker 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) represent a large group of new psychoactive substances (NPS), sustaining a high prevalence on the drug market since their first detection in 2008. Cumyl‐CBMICA and Cumyl‐CBMINACA, the first representatives of a new subclass of SCs characterized by a cyclobutyl methyl (CBM) moiety, were identified in July 2019 and February 2020. This work aimed at evaluating basic pharmacological characteristics and human Phase I metabolism of these compounds. Human Phase I metabolites were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QToF‐MS) of urine samples and confirmed by a pooled human liver microsome (pHLM) assay. The basic pharmacological evaluation was performed by applying a competitive ligand binding assay and a functional activation assay (GTPγS) using cell membranes carrying the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (hCB1). Investigation of the human Phase I metabolism resulted in the identification of specific urinary markers built by monohydroxylation or dihydroxylation. Although Cumyl‐CBMICA was primarily hydroxylated at the indole ring, hydroxylation of Cumyl‐CBMINACA mainly occurred at the CBM moiety. Both substances acted as agonists at the hCB1 receptor, although substantial differences could be observed. Cumyl‐CBMINACA showed higher binding affinity (Ki = 1.32 vs. 29.3 nM), potency (EC50 = 55.4 vs. 497 nM), and efficacy (Emax = 207% vs. 168%) than its indole counterpart Cumyl‐CBMICA. This study confirms that substitution of an indole by an indazole core tends to increase in vitro potency, which is potentially reflected by higher in vivo potency. The emergence and disappearance of SCs distributed via online shops carrying a CBM moiety once more demonstrate the “cat‐and‐mouse” game between manufacturers and legislation.
The role of bracket fungi in creating alpha diversity of invertebrates in the Białowieża National Park, Poland
Authors: Gdula Anna K. , Konwerski Szymon , Olejniczak Izabella , Rutkowski Tomasz , Skubała Piotr , Zawieja Bogna , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBracket fungi are seen mainly as the cause of economic losses in forestry, and their role as creators of biodiversity is relatively poorly understood. The aim of the study was defining the manner in which the degree of decay (DD) of the fruiting bodies determines the character of the invertebrate assemblages colonising them. The effect of this group of fungi on the modification of biodiversity of invertebrates (Aranae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpionida, two groups of mites—Mesostigmata and Oribatida, and Collembola and Insecta) was investigated by analyzing 100 fruiting bodies of 10 species of bracket fungi divided into four DD classes. The material was collected at Białowieża National Park, which is considered to be the largest area of natural forests in the North European Plain. 16 068 invertebrate individuals classified into 224 species were obtained. Oribatid mites (12 543 individuals) constituted the largest group of individuals, which were classified into 115 species with the most numerousCarabodes femoralis(8,811 individuals). Representatives of this group of mites have been reported previously in the publications on bracket fungi; however, the contributions of Oribatida and other groups of invertebrates were not broadly compared. Moreover, the species such asHoploseius mariaeandH. oblongus, which were predominantly found in fruiting bodies of bracket fungi, have also been discerned. The invertebrate fauna differs depending on DD of the samples: In the more decayed samples, a higher number of both individuals and species were recorded compared to the samples with lower DDs; however, this trend proved to be nonlinear. The DCA and cluster analysis revealed a similarity of the invertebrate assemblages from the 2 DD and 4 DD samples. They also indicated that the group 3 DD differed the most from all the other samples. The indicator species analysis identified species characteristic to individual DDs: For group 1 DD, it was, for example,Hoploseius oblongus;for 2 DD—Orchesella bifasciata; and for 3 DD—Chernes cimicoides, while for 4 DD—Dinychus perforatus.
Evaluation of phosphodiesterase 9A as a novel biomarker in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Besler Christian , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Mörbitz Justus , Kirsten Holger , Scholz Markus , Klingel Karin , Thiery Joachim , Burkhardt Ralph , Büttner Petra , Adams Volker , Thiele Holger , Lurz Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsMurine models implicate phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) as a nitric oxide‐independent regulator of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and promising novel therapeutic target in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study describes PDE9A expression in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from patients with different HF phenotypes.Methods and resultsEndomyocardial biopsies and PBMNCs were obtained from patients with HFpEF (n = 24), HF with reduced ejection fraction (n = 22), and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (n = 24) and patients without HF (n = 7). PDE9A expression was increased in EMBs and PBMNCs from patients with HFpEF as compared with other HF phenotypes or subjects without HF. Endomyocardial PDE9A expression in HFpEF correlated with the inflammatory cell count in EMBs, but not with cardiac fibrosis or left ventricular diastolic wall stress. PDE9A expression in PBMNCs was increased in HFpEF patients with higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels and in response to pro‐inflammatory stimulation. As a validation cohort, 719 patients with HFpEF and 1106 subjects without HF were identified from the LIFE‐Heart study. PDE9A expression in PBMNCs was obtained from array data and displayed an age‐dependent distribution. PDE9A levels were elevated and conferred increased risk for HFpEF in middle‐aged subjects, but not in elderly HFpEF patients. Following age adjustment, lower PDE9A expression in PBMNCs was associated with worse survival in patients with HFpEF (log‐rank test P‐value <0.001).ConclusionExpression profiling indicates an up‐regulation of endomyocardial PDE9A in different HF phenotypes with the most robust increase in EMBs and PBMNCs from patients with HFpEF. An exclusive risk effect of PDE9A expression on HFpEF in middle‐aged patients and an unexpected association with survival calls for further studies to better characterize the role of PDE9A as a treatment target.
Outflow graft obstruction after left ventricular assist device implantation: a retrospective, single‐centre case series
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Alexy Tamas , Kamioka Norihiko , Shafi Taimur , Stowe Judson , Morris Alanna A. , Vega J. David , Babaliaros Vasilis , Burke Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsOutflow graft obstruction is a poorly described complication following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery. We sought to define the incidence of LVAD outflow graft obstruction and assess clinical outcomes with a percutaneous treatment strategy.Methods and resultsFrom January 2012 to October 2020, 322 patients with LVAD were managed at our institution. Patients with LVAD outflow graft obstruction were identified by cardiac computed tomography with angiography and invasive haemodynamic assessment and were subsequently treated with percutaneous intervention. Poisson regression was used to analyse time‐dependent differences in the incidence of LVAD outflow graft obstruction. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate survival. Twenty patients (6.2%) developed haemodynamically significant LVAD outflow graft obstruction at a rate of 0.03 events per patient‐year. Outflow graft obstruction presented a median of 33 (26–49) months after surgery. Patients presented with low estimated LVAD pump flow (95%), heart failure (90%), or both (85%), and 59% developed cardiogenic shock prior to intervention. The most common aetiology identified by cardiac computed tomography with angiography was external compression of the outflow graft (78%). On presentation, the median peak gradient in the outflow graft was 78 (64–100) mmHg. Outflow graft stenting was 100% successful with no in‐hospital mortality, and it reduced the peak outflow graft gradient to 10 (2–17) mmHg (P < 0.001). Outflow graft stenting was durable with two patients (10%) requiring a repeat procedure over a median follow‐up of 13 (7–20) months and did not impact survival.ConclusionsLeft ventricular assist device outflow graft obstruction is a relatively common and underappreciated cause of recurrent heart failure and LVAD dysfunction. Outflow graft stenting can be achieved with low morbidity and provides a long‐term solution to this complication.
Fa(c)t checking: How fatty acids shape metabolism and function of macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Almeida Luís , Everts Bart 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years there have been major advances in our understanding of the role of free fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolism in shaping the functional properties of macrophages and DCs. This review presents the most recent insights into how cell intrinsic FA metabolism controls DC and macrophage function, as well as the current evidence of the importance of various exogenous FAs (such as polyunsaturated FAs and their oxidation products—prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and proresolving lipid mediators) in affecting DC and macrophage biology, by modulating their metabolic properties. Finally, we explore whether targeted modulation of FA metabolism of myeloid cells to steer their function could hold promise in therapeutic settings.
Artificial intelligence‐based model prediction of biodiesel‐fueled engine performance and emission characteristics: A comparative evaluation of gene expression programming and artificial neural network
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prognostic capability of gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN) are compared to estimate the engine performance and emission characteristics. A stationary diesel engine was powered with linseed oil biodiesel‐mineral diesel blends. A total of 60 lab‐based test‐run were conducted by varying the engine input operating conditions, namely fuel injection parameters, diesel/biodiesel blending ratio, and engine load. The engine output data, namely brake thermal efficiency and brake‐specific fuel consumption, were calculated, while emission data for oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and unburnt hydrocarbon, were recorded. The experimental data were used for predictive model development using artificial intelligence‐based GEP and ANN techniques. The developed models were tested on statistical outcomes, such as the absolute fraction of variance (0.9698–0.997 for GEP and 0.9949–0.9998 for ANN), correlation coefficient (0.9848–0.998 for GEP and 0.9974–0.9998 for ANN), establishing these two models as an efficient machine identical tool. Also, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (0.937–0.9999 for GEP and 0.995–0.999 for ANN) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (0.834–0.9999 for GEP and 0.989–0.999 for ANN) elevate the prediction quality of developed models. The result showed that the ANN model was slightly more accurate than the GEP‐based model for the same parametric range.