bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philippine Costs in Oncology (PESO): Describing the Economic Impact of Cancer on Filipino Cancer Patients Using the ASEAN Costs in Oncology Study Dataset
Authors: Ngelangel Corazon A. , Lam Hilton Y. , Rivera Adovich S. , Kimman Merel L. , Real Irisyl O. , Balete Soledad L. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Cancers are among the top causes of mortality in the Philippines. The treatment regimens are also costly and put Filipinos at risk of financial catastrophe. The economic impact, however, has not been documented.
Objective. This analysis aimed to describe the economic impact of cancer in the Philippines and analyze predictors of financial catastrophe among Filipino cancer patients.
Method. The analysis used the dataset from the ASEAN costs in oncology study, a prospective study of adult cancer patients in Southeast Asia. Cancer patients were recruited at time of diagnosis and were monitored in terms of health outcomes, costs, and quality of life. Multinomial regression models were generated to assess predictors of death and financial catastrophe.
Results. Information from 909 respondents in the Philippines was included in the analysis. Overall, 240 (26.4%) of the cohort were dead at the end of the study while 40.6% were still alive at Month 12 but had experienced financial catastrophe. Mean combined Month 3 and Month 12 out-of-pocket expenditure was PhP181,789.00 (n = 458, sd = 348,717.47). Belonging to higher income groups (vs. belonging to the lowest two) was significantly associated with lower risk of financial catastrophe. Insurance did not confer significant change in risk of death or financial catastrophe.
Conclusion. Cancer can be a significant economic burden for Filipinos leading to financial catastrophe. Insurance mechanisms at the time of study failed to protect against catastrophe.
Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality Assessment of Ice Blocks Sold in Selected Wet Markets in Manila, Philippines
Authors: Salazar Leandro F. , Alvez Trishia Alexis I. , Balbedina Janine Marie B. , Torres Javier Alfonso A. , Tupaz Ivanah Y. , Lomboy Marian Fe Theresa C. , Quizon Romeo R. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The study aimed to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of ice blocks sold in selected wet markets located in the city of Manila.
Methods. Twenty-eight samples were collected from three markets. Microbiological quality was analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of coliforms with E. coli as indicator organism. Physico-chemical quality was determined by measuring turbidity, apparent color, pH, iron, and residual chlorine. Measurements obtained were compared with the 2007 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW).
Results. Results showed that all samples tested positive for coliforms while 25 out of the 28 samples were positive for E. coli. Mean turbidity was 2.74 ± 3.68 NTU; for both apparent color and iron tests, all samples complied with the PNSDW standard limit set; mean pH was 6.15 ± 0.64; and mean residual chlorine was 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/L. Average values of apparent color and iron comply with the PNSDW standards. Six out of 28 samples had turbidity values exceeding the standards. All samples were found to have residual chlorine levels below the standards.
Conclusion. Ice in markets do not comply with key 2007 PNSDW standards and findings warrant strict compliance of ice quality from manufacturers to the point of distribution to protect consumer health.
Analysis of Gaps Among Stakeholders of occupational Health and Safety in the Philippines
Authors: Hernandez Paul Michael R. , Saquido Arra Shayne B. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. Increase of occupational injuries, accidents or diseases, has become a global trend. Implementation of programs on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) programs are weak, however. Strengthening the OHS, stakeholders and their constituents must take the driver’s seat for policy formulation program development and services. This study determined the gaps of the OHS stakeholders in the Philippines.
Methods. Data were gathered through review of relevant documents, series of key informant interviews and a workshop.
Results and Conclusions. The investigators were able to identify 27 stakeholders. Results showed gaps that focused mainly on governance. These include: (1) lack of a dedicated national agency that will oversee all OHS initiatives across industries and sectors; (2) inadequate awareness on OHS mandate of some agencies; (3) unclear delineation of roles and responsibilities among stakeholders; (4) poor coordination among government agencies; and (5) poor enforcement of OHS legislations. These gaps should be addressed to ensure effective and efficient implementation of the policies.
Health Impact of and Policy Regulations on Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Panelo Carlo Irwin A. , Saniel Ofelia P. , Canila Carmelita C. , Guevarra Jonathan P. , Zarsuelo Ma-Ann M. , Castro Ma. Angelica Q. 
Published: January 2021

Background. New findings on the detrimental health effects of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)/ electronic non-nicotine delivery system (ENNDS) confounds the “harm reduction” perspective of using it as an alternative to conventional cigarettes. In the Philippines, the pressing debate on its safety and efficacy had initiated actions from policy makers on legislative issues such as draft DOH Administrative Order, House Bill 4325 and House Bill 532. Objective. The study aimed to craft an evidence-based policy position on the regulation of ENDS/ENNDS.
Method. Review of literature was conducted, and the proposed scope and measures on electronic cigarette regulation were compared with WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and existing policies of US FDA regulations on ENDS. Further, UP Manila convened experts of various related fields for evidence-based review and discussion of policy issues to arrive at a consensus policy statement and recommendations.
Results. Findings showed that ENDS/ENNDS still need further research to have conclusive results on long term safety and efficacy as smoking cessation methods.
Conclusion. Regulations for tobacco control should be clear and supported with strict guidelines in manufacturing, distribution, advertisement, selling, and usage restrictions in public. With the current review, it is recommended that ENDS/ENNDS regulation be under the mandate of the FDA in alignment to WHO-FCTC and to engage different stakeholders from policy makers, implementers, and other involved organizations.
Describing the Health Service Delivery Network of an Urban Poor Area and a Rural Poor Area
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , De Vera Roberto , Rivera Adovich S. , Sy Tyrone Reden , Cheng Kent Jason G. , Farrales Daryl Byte , Lopez Jaifred Christian F. , Miguel Red Thaddeus DP. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the health workforce’s service capacities within a health Service Delivery Network (SDN) of an urban poor and a rural poor setting.
Methods. This is a concurrent mixed-methods study implemented in Navotas and Masbate, an urban poor and a rural poor area, respectively. Health needs of the residents were assessed through records review, qualitative methods and a household survey. Health facilities in the identified SDN were assessed using the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool. Training data of Human Resource for Health (HRH) were also obtained.
Results. SDN in the two areas are different in terms of formality where memoranda of agreement were prepared between Masbate facilities but not in Navotas. Health worker to population ratios were 12.1 per 10,000 in Navotas and 2.7 in Masbate, respectively. The primary care facilities in the two sites met the recommended level of trainings for health workers in obstetric care, immunization, childhood nutrition and tuberculosis. There was a lack of post-graduate training in non-communicable diseases in all facilities. Poverty and geography were significant factors affecting health service delivery.
Conclusion. In terms of human resources, both sites have limited number of health workers and the ratios fall far below WHO guideline. Recommendations include: Primary health care staff complement should be increased in the two SDNs. HHRDB should conduct a study to settle the issue of continuing medical education requirements that are not congruent with WHO recommendations. The SDNs should include the access of medicines and commodities by poor patients in private facilities during times of stock outs. Also, during stock outs or unavailability of government health personnel, transportation should be made available via the SDN to transport poor patients to private or nongovernment facilities with the needed personnel. The DOH and HHRDB should investigate innovative strategies for telehealth services that do not require continuous electricity, nor telephone or cellphone signal.
Acceptability and Effectivity of Four Feminine Wash Products in Maintaining the Physiologic Vaginal pH of Reproductive and Menopausal Age Women
Authors: Co Jennifer T. , Bugayong Joanne Carla C. , Monge Glenn C. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To determine whether four (4) feminine hygiene wash products maintain normal vaginal pH and are acceptable among reproductive and menopausal age women.
Methods. A randomized, double blind, three-period, three-way crossover trial on 90 reproductive age women and 30 menopausal women measuring external and internal vaginal pH levels and product acceptability after using different feminine wash for 3 weeks.
Results. There were significant differences in mean change in internal vaginal pH values among the three feminine wash products (p=0.0392) in the reproductive age group. Majority of the subjects expressed ‘extreme satisfaction’ on the different features of the products. In the menopausal age group, there was a statistically significant difference in mean pH change in the external genitalia (p=0.0279). Feminine Wash 4 appeared to be most acceptable.
Conclusion. Using feminine wash may help maintain vaginal pH levels within the physiologic range thus prevents vaginal infections. Good acceptability of use among the subjects implies good compliance and therefore, a practice that can be adopted on a long-term basis as part of a woman’s good hygienic practice.
A Descriptive Study on the Factors Affecting the Length of Stay in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Private Hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Jimenez Ma. Lourdes D. , Manzanera Rafael L. , Mira Jose J. , Navarro Isabel M. , Wong John Q. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The study aims to describe factors that contribute to the Length of Stay (LOS) in the Emergency Department (ED) patients of a Tertiary Private Hospital in Philippines.
Methods. This is a retrospective descriptive study from September 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016 on the factors of ED consultations specifically on demographics (age and sex), payment schemes (Out of Pocket (OOP) and third party payer), shift times (morning, afternoon and night) and triage-levels were associated with LOS.
Results. Our ED consultations with age (mean 40.75 years, SD 16.8, N 20,687, range 95) were dominated by females (56%), two age-range, 21-30 (28.4%) & 31-40 and third party payer (57%). LOS (mean of 4,40 hours, SD 3,89, N 18540, range 68) was significantly higher (p<0.001) on OOP patients, older age-range; 71-80, (3.5%) and 81-90, (2.3%). Emergent cases had higher incidence (X2= 30.2, p<0.001) on morning shift, urgent cases on afternoon shift and trauma cases on evening shift. Non-urgent cases were consistent on all time frames. LOS was significantly higher (X2=p<0.001) on urgent and emergent cases and on morning and afternoon shifts and significantly lowest, (p<0.001) on night shifts.
Conclusion. Higher LOS was associated on the following: urgent and emergent triage- levels, older age range, OOP, and morning and afternoon shifts.
Recomendaciones para la atención odontológica de niños con discapacidad y riesgo médico durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana Equipo de trabajo multidisciplinario de la 
Published: January 2021

En el marco de la actual situación mundial provocada por la pandemia de COVID-19 resulta imprescindible dedicar de forma prioritaria la atención a niños y adolescentes con discapacidad quienes se encuentran en una situación de vulnerabilidad al incluirse dentro de los grupos con mayor riesgo de complicaciones1,2. Las medidas de protección frente a la pandemia que se adopten en este grupo no sólo estarán destinadas a los niños sino a sus familias y cuidadores.
El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar recomendaciones y consideraciones para la atención odontológica de niños con discapacidad y con condiciones médicas de riesgo evaluando el impacto en la salud general y las implicancias emocionales y psicológicas que la pandemia tiene sobre ellos y sus familias y/o cuidadores.
Les films à l’affiche dans les salles africaines Secma-Comacico (1960-1961)
Authors: Forest Claude 
Published: January 2021

En s’appuyant sur des sources à ce jour inexploitées, la présente contribution se propose d’analyser en détail la programmation, au lendemain des indépendances, des salles des deux circuits cinématographiques dominants l’Afrique francophone sud saharienne, notamment situées au Sénégal et en Côte d’Ivoire, marchés les plus importants. Ces sources permettent de largement relativiser, voire contredire, nombre de discours qui se sont tenus concernant la « qualité » des films proposés et d’en révéler la nature strictement idéologique. Elles permettent en outre de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’activité de programmation des groupes, et également de saisir une partie des pratiques spectatorielles de l’époque. Au-delà de la nationalité des films, l’étude de leurs genres ou leurs modes d’exposition permettront de décrypter partiellement la réalité de l’offre des années 1960, révélant en creux les goûts des publics concernés.
Des cadres pour une Afrique socialiste
Authors: Katsakioris Constantin 
Published: January 2021

Créée à Moscou en 1960 pour former des cadres nationaux africains, asiatiques et latino-américains et les gagner au marxisme-léninisme, l’Université de l’Amitié des Peuples « Patrice Lumumba » est érigée en symbole de la solidarité soviétique avec les pays du « tiers-monde ». Jusqu’à la fin de la guerre froide, elle forma plus de 5 000 étudiants africains aux frais de l’Union soviétique. Cet article retrace l’histoire et met en lumière les particularités de l’Université Lumumba. Il explique les prémisses et les objectifs derrière sa création et examine les réactions des gouvernements et des étudiants africains. Ces réactions varièrent d’un pays à l’autre et évoluèrent entre les décennies 1960 à 1990. Face aux réactions négatives et conscients des problèmes, les Soviétiques réformèrent l’établissement. Rejetée par les pays d’Afrique du Nord, l’Université Lumumba reste néanmoins un établissement très important pour la formation de cadres de l’Afrique subsaharienne.
Paysages médiatiques et transformations du journalisme au Sénégal depuis les années 2000
Authors: Mourre Martin 
Published: January 2021

Cet entretien avec le journaliste sénégalais Ousmane Mangane offre l’occasion de prolonger la réflexion initiée dans ce premier numéro de la Revue d’Histoire Contemporaine de l’Afrique portant sur l’histoire des médias sur le continent entre les années 1945 et 1975. Né en 1985 à Lagbar, un village du Ferlo, une région pastorale et très désertique située dans le nord du Sénégal, Ousmane Mangane s’est très tôt impliqué dans la presse scolaire, puis la presse radiodiffusée et télévisée. À travers son parcours, cet entretien est l’occasion de revenir sur plus de vingt ans de journalisme au Sénégal et de suivre la façon dont s’exerce la profession de journaliste aujourd’hui. Il éclaire les liens entre journalisme et politique au Sénégal, ainsi que les transformations du secteur des médias. Ousmane Mangane publie son autobiographie intitulée « Carnets de voyage d’un reporter », à paraître dans le courant de l’année 2021 aux éditions Feu de brousse dirigées par le poète Amadou Lamine Sall. Cet entretien a été réalisé en octobre 2020 à Dakar, puis relu par Ousmane Mangane.
Françoise Blum, Pierre Guidi et Ophélie Rillon (dir.) (2016) - Étudiants africains en mouvement : contribution à une histoire des années 1968
Authors: Tarradellas Anton 
Published: January 2021

Recensé : Françoise Blum, Pierre Guidi et Ophélie Rillon (dir.), Étudiants africains en mouvement : contribution à une histoire des années 1968, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2016, 366 p.
PERANAN AUDIT OPERASIONAL TERHADAP KEGIATAN PENJUALAN
Authors: Bela Nofena Eka , Sambharakresna Yudhanta 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak. Peranan Audit Operasional terhadap Kegiatan Penjualan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peranan audit operasional terhadap kegiatan penjualan. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tahapan dalam audit operasional meliputi tahapan pendahuluan yaitu melakukan survei atau pengamatan terhadap objek yang akan diaudit, kemudian tahap audit mendalam yang dilaksanakan dengan terjun langsung untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang timbul, kemudian diberikan rekomendasi perbaikan, dan tahap pelaporan sebagai tahapan terakhir. Audit operasional memiliki peranan terhadap kegiatan penjualan, setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan auditor berhasil mengidentifikasi beberapa temuan mengenai kegiatan penjualan yang masih memerlukan perbaikan. Beberapa kelemahan seperti penjualan yang kurang maksimal, kurangnya kejujuran dari masing-masing karyawan, dan beberapa permasalahan lain yang berhasil diidentifikasi oleh pihak auditor kemudian dilakukan analisa, selanjutnya dibuatkan rekomendasi perbaikan atas kegiatan yang masih bermasalah tersebut agar tidak merugikan perusahaan, dan efektivitas penjualan serta tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai secara maksimal. Kata kunci: Audit Operasional, Penjualan, Efektivitas Abstract. The Role of Operational Audit on Sales Activities. The purpose of this study is to determine how big the role of operational audit of sales activities. This research type is descriptive qualitative and data collection method used in this research are Interview and Documentation. Stages in the operational audit include, the preliminary stage of conducting a survey or observation of the object to be audited, then in-depth Audit Stage conducted by jumping directly to find out the problems that arise, then given improvement recommendations, and the reporting stage as the last stage. The operational audit has a role to the sales activity, after the auditor's examination has successfully identified several findings regarding the sales activities that still require improvement. Some weaknesses such as less maximal sales, lack of honesty from each employee, and some other problems identified by the auditor then analyzed, then made recommendations for improvement of the activities that are still problematic so as not to harm the company, and the effectiveness of sales and objectives Company can be reached maximally. Keyword: operational audit, selling, efectivity
MENGGALI REALITAS KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK PEMILIK UMKM
Authors: Klaudia Sura , Riwayanti Dewi Rimba , Nisa Aminatun 
Published: January 2021

Rendahnya kepatuhan pajak UKM telah lama menjadi masalah penting bagi kinerja pajak Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi makna kepatuhan pajak dari UKM sudut pandang wajib pajak. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan paradigma interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para pemilik UKM menafsirkan kepatuhan pajak mereka dapat diganti melalui penerapan zakat mereka. Penelitian juga telah berhasil menggali bahwa pendidikan atau sosialisasi perpajakan belum maksimal sehingga ada ketidakpercayaan dari UKM untuk otoritas untuk membayar pajak. Pemilik UKM juga tidak merasakan dampak positif dari membayar pajak. Ketidakpatuhan wajib pajak UKM juga dapat disebabkan karena pemerintah tidak tegas dalam menerapkan kebijakan perpajakan. Kepatuhan pajak dalam penelitian ini dapat didefinisikan oleh Slippery Slope Teori Kerangka Teori. Berdasarkan teori ini, kepatuhan wajib pajak dipengaruhi oleh, pertama, kekuasaan otoritas, ini adalah acara oleh pihak berwenang bahwa imlement kuat peraturan pajak. Kedua, kepatuhan wajib pajak dipengaruhi oleh wajib pajak percaya pada otoritas. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai wacana untuk otoritas pajak yang dapat mempertimbangkan untuk perumusan regulasi dan mekanisme untuk meningkatkan pendapatan pajak dari UKM WP.Kata Kunci: Interpretif, Kepatuhan Pajak, Kinerja Perpajakan, Pendidikan Perpajakan, UMKM, Wajib Pajak
Analisis Perbandingan Sistem Pemberian Kredit pada Koperasi Syariah dan Koperasi Konvensional
Authors: Ningsih Dewi Agustiya , Masruroh Ani Hayatul 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan sistem pemberian kredit/angsuran pada koperasi SYARIAH dan koperasi KONVENSIONAL. Disini penulis meneliti dari sebuah koperasi yang berada di kecamatan udanawu yaitu koperasi ARTHA NIAGA SYARIAH dan koperasi CITRA ABADI. Pemilihan tema tersebut dilatar belakangi oleh mata kuliah baru mengenai akuntansi syariah yang sedang peneliti tempuh membuat peneliti ingin meneliti tentang perbedaan lembaga keuangan yaitu koperasi yang berbasis syariah & konvensional apakah lebih ringan sistem bagi hasil pada koperasi syariah dengan suku bunga pada koperasi konvensional. Dengan melihat banyaknya koperasi-koperasi berbasis syariah yang muncul ditengah masyarakat Indonesia, dimana kegiatan usahanya dengan sistem simpanan dan pinjaman atau pembiayaan. Sebenarnya sistem pinjaman syariah maupun konvensional sama yaitu dimana pihak koperasi memberikan sejumlah dana kepada nasabah yang akan digunakan untuk keperluan hidup yang sifatnya harus segera diselesaikan. Selain itu syarat pinjaman pun sama mulai dari identitas lengkap dan juga surat-surat tambahan.