bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid viral metagenomics using SMART-9N amplification and nanopore sequencing
Authors: Claro Ingra M. , Ramundo Mariana S. , Coletti Thais M. , da Silva Camila A. M. , Valenca Ian N. , Candido Darlan S. , Sales Flavia C. S. , Manuli Erika R. , de Jesus Jaqueline G. , de Paula Anderson , Felix Alvina Clara , Andrade Pamela dos Santos , Pinho Mariana C. , Souza William M. , Amorim Mariene R. , Proenca-Modena José Luiz , Kallas Esper G. , Levi José Eduardo , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Sabino Ester C. , Loman Nicholas J. , Quick Joshua 
Published: September 2021

Emerging and re-emerging viruses are a global health concern. Genome sequencing as an approach for monitoring circulating viruses is currently hampered by complex and expensive methods. Untargeted, metagenomic nanopore sequencing can provide genomic information to identify pathogens, prepare for or even prevent outbreaks. SMART (Switching Mechanism at the 5′ end of RNA Template) is a popular method for RNA-Seq but most current methods rely on oligo-dT priming to target polyadenylated mRNA molecules. We have developed two random primed SMART-Seq approaches, ‘SMART-9N’, and a version compatible with barcoded PCR primers available from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ‘Rapid SMART-9N’, for the detection, characterization, and whole-genome sequencing of RNA viruses. The methods were developed using viral isolates, clinical samples, and compared to a gold-standard amplicon-based method. From a Zika virus isolate the SMART-9N approach recovered 10kb of the 10.8kb RNA genome in a single nanopore read. We also obtained full genome coverage at a high depth coverage using the Rapid SMART-9N, which takes only 10 minutes and costs up to 45% less than other methods. We found the limits of detection of these methods to be 6e00 focus forming units (FFU)/mL with 99.02% and 87.58% genome coverage for SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N respectively. Yellow fever virus plasma samples and SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal samples previously confirmed by RT-qPCR with a broad range of Ct-values were selected for validation. Both methods produced greater genome coverage when compared to the multiplex PCR approach and we obtained the longest single read of this study (18.5 kb) with a SARS-CoV-2 clinical sample, 60% of the virus genome using the Rapid SMART-9N method. This work demonstrates that SMART-9N and Rapid SMART-9N are sensitive, low input, and long-read compatible alternatives for RNA virus detection and genome sequencing and Rapid SMART-9N improves the cost, time, and complexity of laboratory work.
The influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-13 on nasal colonisation in a controlled human infection model of pneumococcal carriage in Malawi: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Morton Ben , Jambo Kondwani , Chikaonda Tarsizio , Rylance Jamie , Henrion Marc Y.R. , Banda Ndaziona Peter , Nsomba Edna , Gondwe Joel , Ferreira Daniela M. , Gordon Stephen B. ,   MARVELS Consortium
Published: September 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement, and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. For Malawi, nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-type pneumococci is common in vaccinated children despite national roll-out of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) since 2011. Our team has safely transferred an established experimental human pneumococcal carriage method from Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine to the Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Malawi. This study will determine potential immunological mechanisms for the differential effects of PCV13 on nasal carriage between healthy Malawian and UK populations. We will conduct a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to vaccinate (1:1) participants with either PCV13 or control (normal saline). After a period of one month, participants will be inoculated with S. pneumoniae serotype 6B to experimentally induce nasal carriage using the EHPC method. Subsequently, participants will be invited for a second inoculation after one year to determine longer-term vaccine-induced immunological effects. Primary endpoint: detection of inoculated pneumococci by classical culture from nasal wash recovered from the participants after pneumococcal challenge. Secondary endpoints: local and systemic innate, humoral and cellular responses to PCV-13 with and without pneumococcal nasal carriage The primary objective of this controlled human infection model study is to determine if PCV-13 vaccination is protective against pneumococcal carriage in healthy adult Malawian volunteers. This study will help us to understand the observed differences in PCV-13 efficacy between populations and inform the design of future vaccines relevant to the Malawian population. Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (REF: PACTR202008503507113)
Chasing Diamonds and Crowns: Consumer Limited Attention and Seller Response
Authors: Zhong Zemin (Zachary) 
Published: September 2021

Online platforms often assign sellers summary symbols based on whether their ratings pass certain thresholds. Consumers may focus on the symbols and pay limited attention to the ratings. This bias leads to discontinuously increased demand at the thresholds. I use a theoretical model to illustrate that sellers will lower the prices before their ratings reach the thresholds and increase their prices afterward due to the positive demand shock. I collect data from Taobao to test the theoretical predictions. Using regression discontinuity, I find that on the demand side, the hourly sales increase significantly when a seller passes the threshold, even conditional on the same item. On the supply side, the prices indeed exhibit a V-shaped pattern with respect to the ratings. Furthermore, sellers preemptively increase prices shortly before reaching thresholds, supporting the theoretical predictions. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Indonesian version of the Oxford Hip Score
Authors: Silitonga Jamot , Djaja Yoshi Pratama , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Pontoh Ludwig Andribert Powantia 
Published: September 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of Oxford Hip Score (OHS) to Indonesian, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods We performed a cross-cultural adaptation of Oxford Hip Score into Indonesian language (OHS-ID) and determined its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, floor-ceiling effect, responsiveness, and construct validity by hypotheses testing of its correlation with Harris Hip Score (HHS), vsual analogue scale (VAS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). Adults (> 17 years old) with chronic hip pain (osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis) were included. Results A total of 125 patients were included, including 50 total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients with six months follow-up. The OHS questionnaire was translated into Indonesian and showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and good reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.98). The standard error of measurement value of 2.11 resulted in minimal detectable change score of 5.8. Ten out of ten (100%) a priori hypotheses were met, confirming the construct validity. A strong correlation was found with two subscales of SF-36 (pain and physical function), HHS (0.94), and VAS (-0.83). OHS-ID also showed good responsiveness for post-THA series. Floor and ceiling effect was not found. Conclusion The Indonesian version of OHS showed similar reliability and validity with the original OHS. This questionnaire will be suitable to assess chronic hip pain in Indonesian-speaking patients. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(9):765–772.
2-MW peak-power pulses from a dispersion-managed fluoride fiber amplifier at 2.8  µm
Authors: Zhou Yicheng , Qin Zhipeng , Yuan Peng , Ma Jingui , Xie Guoqiang 
Published: September 2021

We report on a scheme of pulse amplification and simultaneous self-compression in fluoride fiber for generating a high-peak-power pulse at 2.8-µm wavelength. We find dispersion management plays a key role for the amplification and self-compression process. Through dispersion management with a Ge rod, pulse amplification and simultaneous pulse self-compression were realized in the small anomalous dispersion region. A 2-MW peak-power pulse was achieved through amplification and self-compression in Er:ZBLAN fiber, with pulse energy of 101 nJ and pulse duration of 49 fs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest peak power obtained from fluoride fiber at 2.8 µm, and will benefit a series of applications.
10-W power light co-transmission with optically carried 5G NR signal over standard single-mode fiber
Authors: Yang Hailin , Peng Di , Qin Yuwen , Li Jianping , Xiang Meng , Xu Ou , Fu Songnian 
Published: September 2021

Efficient co-transmission of 10-W power light and optically carried 5G new radio (NR) signal over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated, with an optical power transmission efficiency (OPTE) of power light up to 71.8%. This efficiency record is enabled by carefully manipulating the linewidth of the power light and appropriately adjusting the wavelength spacing between the power light and 5G NR optical signal to effectively mitigate the nonlinear effect arising in the SSMF. In the experiment, the optically carried 5G NR 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal at 1550 nm, with a data rate of 1.5 Gbit/s, is successfully co-propagated with 10-W power light at 1064 nm over 1-km SSMF. The error-vector magnitude (EVM) is 0.48% under a received electrical power of

−

25

d
B
m

. In comparison with back-to-back transmission, only slight EVM degradation of 0.02% is observed, showing that the 5G NR optical signal is almost unaffected by the existence of power light. Moreover, the power fluctuation of the collected power light is less than 0.2% over 6 h, while the EVM fluctuation is smaller than 0.01% within 30 min. Our scheme is promising to realize an optically powered remote antenna unit through the existing 5G fronthaul SSMF link.
Changing lives, dynamic plans: Prospective assessment of 12-month changes in pregnancy timing intentions and personal circumstances using data from HER Salt Lake
Authors: Geist C. , Everett B. G. , Simmons R. G. , Sanders J. N. , Gawron L. M. , Myers K. , Turok D. K. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
To explore the association between changes in personal circumstances and shifts in pregnancy intentions.

Study design
New start contraceptive clients, who desired to prevent pregnancy for at least one year enrolled in the survey arm of the HER Salt Lake Contraceptive Initiative (September 2015 –March 2017) and responded to the question “What are your future pregnancy plans?” at enrollment and 12-month follow-up. We estimated multivariable binary logistic fixed-effects regressions to examine the association between changes in personal circumstances and a change from never desiring a pregnancy at enrollment to considering one in the future at 12-month follow-up.

Results
The majority of the 2825 participants (2246, 79%) maintained their pregnancy timing intention over the 12-month study period. Multivariable analyses of the 208 participants who changed from never desiring a pregnancy to considering pregnancy in the future at 12-month follow-up indicated that entering cohabitation (aOR 3.14, 95% CI 1.30–7.58), increased household income (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.13), and changes from unemployment to full-time employment (aOR 5.94, 95% CI 1.29–27.36) are associated with increased the odds of desiring a future pregnancy after never wanting one a year prior.

Conclusions
Pregnancy intentions are dynamic over twelve months and covary with partner status, household income, and employment status. Pregnancy intentions are linked to changes in life circumstances. Health care providers need to frequently assess pregnancy intentions and resulting contraceptive or preconception needs.
Factors associated with severe sepsis in diarrheal adults and their outcome at an urban hospital, Bangladesh: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sarmin Monira , Begum Monjory , Islam Farhana , Afroze Farzana , Shahrin Lubaba , Sharifuzzaman  , Alam Tahmina , Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Ahmed Tahmeed , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundTo describe factors associated with severe sepsis in diarrheal adults and their outcomes and offender in blood and stool to understand their interplay as clinical features of sepsis and severe diarrhea often overlap.Methods and resultsWe used this retrospective chart analysis employing an unmatched case-control design to study critically ill diarrheal adults aged ≥18 years treated in ICU of Dhaka hospital, icddr,b between January 2011 to December 2015. Of 8,863 in-patient diarrheal adults, 350 having severe sepsis were cases and an equal number of randomly selected non-septic patients were the controls. Cases died significantly more (14.9% vs 4.6%, p = <0.001) than controls. 69% of the cases progressed to septic shock. In logistic regression analysis, steroid intake, ileus, acute kidney injury (AKI), metabolic acidosis, and hypocalcemia were significantly associated with severe sepsis in diarrheal adults (all, p<0.05). 12% of cases (40/335) had bacteremia.Streptococcus pneumoniae[9 (22.5%)] was the single most common pathogen and gram-negatives [27 (67.5%)] were prevailing as a group.ConclusionDiarrheal adults who had ileus, AKI, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, and also took steroids were found to have an association with severe sepsis. Strikingly, gram-negative were the predominant bacteria among the diarrheal adults having severe sepsis.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria among medical doctors in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Omale Ugwu I. 
Published: September 2021

Background
The Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria are meant to guide medical practitioners to enhance optimal management of patients suspected of having malaria which is vital to malarial control and elimination. Medical doctors have the main responsibility for treating patients with malaria so there was need to evaluate the extent to which the medical doctors in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, knew, viewed, and practiced the 2015 National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in May, 2019 among medical doctors who were involved in the management of malaria patients and selected via convenience sampling. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Each respondent was categorized as having poor, fair, or good knowledge, attitude, and practice respectively based on knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of <50%, 50–75%, and >75%. Associated factors were evaluated through bivariate and multivariate binomial logistic regressions at 5% probability of type one error and the overall test for the effect of each independent factor on practice level was done using the “postestimation test” command in Stata.

Results
A total of 156 medical doctors were surveyed. Most, 138 (88.5%) were aware there was a national guideline for diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Among the medical doctors, 19 (12.2%) had good knowledge, 110 (70.5%) had fair knowledge, and 27 (17.3%) had poor knowledge; 38 (24.4%) had good attitude, 74 (47.4%) had fair attitude, and 44 (28.2%) had poor attitude; and 59 (37.8%) had good practice, 90 (57.7%) had fair practice, and 7 (4.5%) had poor practice. The attitude level of the medical doctors toward the 2015 National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria was a predictor of good practice (adjusted p-value of overall effect = 0.0003).

Conclusions
Although most of the medical doctors in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, were aware of the existence of a national guideline, only just over a third of them had good practice of the 2015 National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria. Policy interventions should focus on improving the attitude of the medical doctors toward the National Guidelines through training and re-training.
A ORDEM TRANSNACIONAL COMO FATOR DE RELATIVIZAÇÃO DA PRETENSÃO TOTALIZANTE DE PRODUÇÃO DE NORMAS JURÍDICAS PELO ESTADO
Authors: Sabóia e Silva Diego , Derani Cristiane 
Published: September 2021

Este artigo possui por objeto analisar como a ordem transnacional possibilita ruptura com o imaginário de produção exclusivamente estatal das normas jurídicas. Como objetivos específicos, primeiro apresentam-se perspectivas sobre fontes do Direito, delimitando-se seu entendimento. Após, explica-se a temática das fontes esteado nos microssistemas jurídicos, desde noções sobre Direito, Estado, Instituição e relações Direito-História. Finalmente, discute-se a inclinação pelo pluralismo das fontes, corroborada pelas manifestações no contexto transnacional. Para testar essa hipótese de trabalho, utilizou-se, no estágio investigativo, o método de abordagem dedutivo, uma vez que se adotou, como ponto de partida, a teoria pluralística de fontes do Direito à luz da transnacionalidade jurídica. No momento da análise dos dados, recorreuse ao método analítico. A técnica utilizada nas fases citadas foi a biblliográfica. Como resultado, a título de considerações finais, verificou-se que a percepção plural do ordenamento jurídico ainda é acanhada, mormente em países de tradição legalista, como o Brasil. No entanto, o Direito Transnacional pode romper com esse viés unilateral, legado pelo positivismo jurídico exegético, a despeito de não ser algo necessariamente benéfico, pois foi forjado sobremaneira no ideário de romper barreiras para implantação da lógica de mercado, privilegiando coisas a pessoas.
MOBILIDADE CORPORATIVA - DESAFIOS PARA ELABORAÇÃO E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Sousa Luiz Penha , Silva Carolina Alves Arrais da , Baltar Marina Leite de Barros 
Published: September 2021

Os congestionamentos nas áreas urbanas durante os horários de pico estão diretamente relacionados aos deslocamentos por motivos de trabalho. Este fato revela as empresas como uma potencial fonte capaz de auxiliar os gestores públicos na gestão da demanda por viagens (GDV). Nesse sentido, surge o conceito de mobilidade corporativa, ainda pouco difundido e explorado no Brasil. Com base em experiências internacionais, os empregadores podem obter dados essenciais ao desenvolvimento de planos de transportes, como informações dos fluxos diários de origem-destino, geralmente obtidos por custosas pesquisas domiciliares. Os planos de mobilidade corporativa (PMC) mostram-se uma boa forma de GDV a ser aplicada em grandes cidades. Paralelamente, alguns países incentivam estas atitudes através de políticas públicas conhecidas como Trip Reduction Ordinances (TRO), existentes desde a década de 80 nos Estados Unidos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar as melhores práticas de mobilidade corporativa encontradas em cidades dos Estados Unidos e de países da Europa, bem como a bibliografia dos autores mais relevantes neste tema. Foram identificadas as principais possibilidades de aplicação de PMCs e TROs em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, bem como as barreiras que serão encontradas para a efetividade e eficácia dessas medidas. Destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos relacionados à elaboração e implementação de políticas de mobilidade corporativa nas cidades brasileiras.
MODELO DE AUTOMATIZAÇÃO DO CALIBRADOR FLUKE MODELO 5720A E DO MULITÍMETRO DIGITAL HEWLETT PACKARD 3458A
Authors: Junior Geraldo Motta Azevedo , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Pinheiro André Luis Da Silva , De Oliveira Lucas Rabelo 
Published: September 2021

RESUMO
Sabe-se que na Engenharia, o uso de instrumentos capazes de realizar medições corretas é de suma importância. Logo o objetivo deste estudo é propor um método de calibração automatizada para o calibrador fluke modelo 5720A e do multímetro digital hewlett packard 3458ª, ambos usados em medições de correntes e tensões elétricas. Para isso foi usado a interface GPIB do padrão de referência no instrumento sob calibração e o software LabView. Como resultado, após coleta dos valores aferidos, gerou-se uma planilha comparativa com calibrações validadas de períodos passados. O método proposto mostrou maior otimização do tempo de calibração, melhora da qualidade e segurança dos resultados, tornando-o mais eficiente.
INDÚSTRIA 4.0: REVOLUÇÃO E IMPACTO NO MUNDO MODERNO
Authors: Chimielewski Adão Maciel Monteiro , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Leite José Roberto Emiliano 
Published: September 2021

Um grande desafio tecnológico começa a se tornar realidade no mundo atual, pois já está causando um grande impacto em toda a humanidade. Esta revolução é conhecida como a quarta revolução industrial ou indústria 4.0, a qual teremos bilhões de pessoas conectadas por dispositivos móveis, com poder de processamento, recursos de armazenamento e acesso ao conhecimento sem limites. Essa nova onda tecnológica incluirá diversas áreas: inteligência artificial (IA), robótica avançada, internet das coisas (IoT, na sigla em inglês), veículos autônomos, big data, armazenamento em nuvem, realidade aumentada, sistemas cyber físicos, segurança digital, impressão 3D, entre outras. O objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar historicamente como as revoluções industriais vieram evoluindo desde a 1ª até a 4ª revolução ou Indústria 4.0. A partir daí, definir seu conceito, explicar cada tecnologia que a envolve, dar exemplo de aplicações e analisar os impactos em vários setores. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, nos últimos dez anos. Por consequência observou-se que essa nova tecnologia vem sendo cada vez mais incorporada pelas grandes empresas, como uma nova tendência a ser explorada, possibilitando mais segurança e produtividade.
Visual and Tactile Sensory Systems Share Common Features in Object Recognition
Authors: Tabrik Sepideh , Behroozi Mehdi , Schlaffke Lara , Heba Stefanie , Lenz Melanie , Lissek Silke , Güntürkün Onur , Dinse Hubert R. , Tegenthoff Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough we use our visual and tactile sensory systems interchangeably for object recognition on a daily basis, little is known about the mechanism underlying this ability. This study examined how 3D shape features of objects form two congruent and interchangeable visual and tactile perceptual spaces in healthy male and female participants. Since active exploration plays an important role in shape processing, a virtual reality environment was used to visually explore 3D objects called digital embryos without using the tactile sense. In addition, during the tactile procedure, blindfolded participants actively palpated a 3D-printed version of the same objects with both hands. We first demonstrated that the visual and tactile perceptual spaces were highly similar. We then extracted a series of 3D shape features to investigate how visual and tactile exploration can lead to the correct identification of the relationships between objects. The results indicate that both modalities share the same shape features to form highly similar veridical spaces. This finding suggests that visual and tactile systems might apply similar cognitive processes to sensory inputs that enable humans to rely merely on one modality in the absence of another to recognize surrounding objects.