bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the brain involved in patients with late‐onset Pompe disease?
Authors: van den Dorpel Jan J. A. , van der Vlugt Willemijn M. C. , Dremmen Marjolein H. G. , Muetzel Ryan , van den Berg Esther , Hest Roos , de Kriek Joni , Brusse Esther , van Doorn Pieter A. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , van den Hout Johanna M. P. , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur objective was to investigate brain structure, cerebral vasculature, and cognitive function in a cohort of patients with late‐onset Pompe disease, with particular reference to the differences from those with the classic infantile phenotype, where extensive white‐matter abnormalities (WMA) and impaired cognition on long‐term enzyme treatment are reported in a subset of patients. Brain imaging (T1, T2, T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, susceptibility‐weighted images, and magnetic resonance angiography–time of flight) was combined with extensive cognitive testing of general intelligence (Wechsler IQ Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) and specific neuropsychological domains (verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, attention, memory, and visuospatial abilities). We included 19 patients with late‐onset Pompe disease (age range 11‐56 years). Two patients showed mild punctate WMA within normal range for age, with a Fazekas score (FS) of 1 to 2. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a slight vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia in two patients yet did not show any aneurysms or vascular dissections. Most patients had age‐adjusted scores within the normal range for the Wechsler index scores (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) and combined total intelligence (IQ) score (median 101, interquartile range 91‐111; one patient had a below‐average score for total IQ) as well as for the specific domains verbal fluency, attention, and memory. A subset of patients performed suboptimally on the Rey Complex Figure Test (9/14 patients) or cube‐copying/clock‐drawing test of the MoCA (8/10 patients). We therefore concluded that our study showed no brain abnormalities, other than minor microvascular lesions considered within normal range for age, nor general cognitive impairment in late‐onset Pompe patients. These findings are in sharp contrast with the widespread WMA and cognitive problems found in some classic infantile patients.
Omicron: Call for updated vaccines
Authors: Li Xingguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant was potentially generated from a chronically infected COVID‐19 patient vaccinated with an messenger RNA (mRNA)‐ or non‐mRNA‐based vaccine, offering the opportunity for the virus to evolve and mutate to evade the body's immune response. To understand the significance of this SARS‐CoV‐2 variant and what it means for the global response to the pandemic, vaccinologists should systematically evaluate the role of mRNA‐ and non‐mRNA‐based vaccines in the generation of novel SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including variants of concerns (VOCs) and interest (VOIs), that occur via breakthrough vaccine‐elicited immunity. Although COVID vaccine boosters are likely to offer some protection and mRNA‐ or non‐mRNA‐based vaccines can be adapted to new variants, such as Omicron, the requirement of a booster so soon after full vaccination, with further shots potentially required, is of concern given the impacts on human health. Therefore, in the race to protect the global population against novel SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs and VOIs, there is an urgent need to create much more effective one‐dose vaccines that can protect people over their entire lifetime.
The efficacy and safety outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure in Thailand: Phramongkutklao experience
Authors: Limprasert Sarawuth , Uerojanaungkul Preecha , Chantrarat Thoranis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the crucial treatments in patients with symptomatic heart failure reduced ejection fraction. This study aimed to report the efficacy and safety of CRT implantation in treating patients with heart failure. The responders and related outcomes were also analyzed.MethodsMedical records of all patients with CRT implantation, because of heart failure treatment indication, in Phramongkutklao Hospital between 2008 and 2019 were reviewed. Free from death and heart failure hospitalization were analyzed as composited efficacy outcomes with survival analysis. Follow‐up echocardiography was used to define a responder. The safety outcomes were reported using descriptive data. Cox‐proportional hazard model analysis was used for the responder as a predictor of outcomes.ResultsA total of 152 patients underwent CRT implantation because of heart failure. 77.63% were male, the mean age of 65.9 ± 13.19 years, 59.85% were diagnosed with ischemic cardiomyopathy, mean LVEF of 22.69 ± 7.51%, and QRS duration of 147 ± 21 ms. Mean Follow‐up was 41 months. The composited efficacy outcomes were 91.7%, 54.8%, and 35.4% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. CRT‐related complications were found in 12 patients (7.89%). 71.30% of patients who were responders had lower death or heart failure hospitalization when compared to non‐responders (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24–0.78).ConclusionThe efficacy and safety in CRT treating patients in our center were consistent with the previous randomized and observational studies. The responder rate remained the same as in previous trials but was a strong predictor for better outcomes.
SMART‐Miner: A convolutional neural network‐based metabolite identification from 1H‐13C HSQC spectra
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Zhang Chen , Cottrell Garrison W. , Gerwick William H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe identification of metabolites from complex biofluids and extracts of tissues is an essential process for understanding metabolic profiles. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used in metabolomics studies for identification and quantification of metabolites. However, the accurate identification of individual metabolites is still a challenging process with higher peak intensity or similar chemical shifts from different metabolites. In this study, we applied a convolutional neural network (CNN) to 1H‐13C HSQC NMR spectra to achieve accurate peak identification in complex mixtures. The results reveal that the neural network was successfully trained on metabolite identification from these 2D NMR spectra and achieved very good performance compared with other NMR‐based metabolomic tools.
High‐order conservative transport on Yin‐Yang grids using the multi‐moment constrained finite volume method
Authors: Gu Juan , Peng Xindong , Chang Jun , Che Yuzhang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA numerical constraint was developed to improve the global and local conservation for the Yin‐Yang grid system, which has been known as one of the quasi‐uniform grids on a sphere. Two‐dimensional cubic mass distribution within an individual mesh was assumed, to describe the subgrid‐scale structure of local properties and to ensure high‐order‐accuracy mass flux specification for the Yin‐Yang boundary. A three‐point Multi‐moment Constrained finite Volume scheme, in cooperation with a fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme, was selected for numerical transport with the help of Boundary Gradient Switching for oscillation suppression. The new scheme was tested with a couple of idealized numerical experiments in advection and shallow‐water models on the Yin‐Yang grid to verify its performance. Numerical results confirmed the exact mass conservation in spherical advection problems, and the numerical convergence rate reached fourth order in both advection and shallow‐water models. Computational stability, shape‐preserving and numerical oscillation‐free properties were also revealed in the nonlinear testing problems.
What do large‐scale patterns teach us about extreme precipitation over the Mediterranean at medium‐ and extended‐range forecasts?
Authors: Mastrantonas Nikolaos , Magnusson Linus , Pappenberger Florian , Matschullat Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtreme precipitation events (EPEs) can have devastating consequences, such as floods and landslides, posing a great threat to society and economy. Predicting such events long in advance can support the mitigation of negative impacts. Here, we focus on EPEs over the Mediterranean, a region that is frequently affected by such hazards. Previous work identified strong connections between localized EPEs and large‐scale atmospheric flow patterns, affecting weather over the entire Mediterranean. We analyse the predictive skill of these patterns in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) extended range forecasts and assess if and where these patterns can be used for indirect predictions of EPEs, using the Brier skill score. The results show that the ECMWF model provides skilful predictions of the Mediterranean patterns up to 2 weeks in advance. Moreover, using the forecasted patterns for indirect predictability of EPEs outperforms the reference score up to ∼10 days lead time for many locations. For high orography locations or coastal areas in particular, like parts of western Turkey, western Balkans, Iberian Peninsula, and Morocco, this limit extends to 11–14 days lead time. This study demonstrates that the connections between localized EPEs and large‐scale patterns over the Mediterranean extend the forecasting horizon of the model by over 3 days in many locations, in comparison with forecasting based on the predicted precipitation. Thus, it is beneficial to use the predicted patterns rather than the predicted precipitation at longer lead times for EPE forecasting. The model's performance is also assessed from a user perspective, showing that the EPE forecasting based on the patterns increases the economic benefits at medium/extended range lead times. Such information could support higher confidence in the decision‐making of various users; for example, the agricultural sector and (re)insurance companies.
A viewpoint on population analyses
Authors: Davidson Ernest R. , Clark Aurora E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPopulation analyses have become an indispensable tool to computational chemists. Yet implementation within popular quantum chemistry software can hide the interesting philosophical choices made when partitioning the electron density into atomic contributions. There is further historical context that has significantly influenced common conceptions of chemical bonding and reactivity. This work reviews select aspects of orbital and spatial decomposition schemes of the density matrix, pointing out essential linear algebraic considerations and associated tools of shared interest to us and Prof Mayer.
Understanding and developing locality with a non‐representational approach: Cases of waterfront spaces along the river Rhine
Authors: Ruan Huiting , Prominski Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn response to the problem of urban uniformity and loss of identity, in the past, locality research focused mainly on the physical environment and their symbolic values. This study takes the initiative by applying the zero theory from human geography to the planning and design fields. It has investigated promenades and parks along the Rhine in 20 towns or cities using spatial analysis and on‐site experiences. Four types of waterfront space have been identified from the case studies, and the pattern of their distribution along the Rhine suggests that this is influenced mainly by the varying characteristics of the river and the historical development of the towns. This result permits planning to refer to spatial layout based on a region's character. The research also reveals the dominance of representational thinking in our current design practice and its negative impact. The application of non‐representational approaches reveals the importance of sensory experiences and everyday spaces for better on‐site engagement, thus forming the basis for a set of design guidelines for achieving locality in river‐related open spaces. The paper demonstrates that the non‐representational theory could provide the opportunity to enliven the connection between people and places in locality research.
Event parsing and the origins of grammar
Authors: Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow did grammar evolve? Perhaps a better way to ask the question is what kind of cognition is needed to enable grammar. The present analysis departs from the observation that linguistic communication is structured in terms of agents and patients, a reflection of how humans see the world. One way to explore the origins of cognitive skills in humans is to compare them with primates. A first approach has been to teach great apes linguistic systems to study their production in subsequent conversations. This literature has revealed considerable semantic competences in great apes, but no evidence for a corresponding grammatical ability, at least in production. No ape has ever created a sentence with an underlying causal structure of agency and patienthood. A second approach has been to study natural communication in primates and other animals. Here, there is intermittent evidence of compositionality, for example, a capacity to perform operations on semantic units, but again no evidence for an ability to refer to the causal structure of events. Future research will have to decide whether primates and other animals are simply unable to see the world as casually structured the way humans do, or whether they are just unable to communicate causal structures to others.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Computer Science and Robotics > Artificial Intelligence
Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Satisfaction of Public Land Hunters During Long‐term Deer Population Decline
Authors: Rosenberger Jacalyn P. , Boley B. Bynum , Edge Adam C. , Yates Cheyenne J. , Miller Karl V. , Osborn David A. , Killmaster Charlie H. , Johannsen Kristina L. , D'Angelo Gino J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations and deer hunter participation on federal public lands within the Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern United States have been declining over the last 30 years. Our study focused on Chattahoochee National Forest hunters in North Georgia, a region that has sustained a 64% decline in buck harvest success rates and 68% decline in hunter participation during 1979–2018. To better understand factors influencing satisfaction of remaining hunters, we sent mail questionnaires to 1,271 hunters in February 2019. We received 441 completed questionnaires for a 36% adjusted response rate. First, we used principal component analysis to identify 4 unique motivations for deer hunting: 1) escaping the daily routine and spending time outdoors, 2) harvesting deer for food, 3) socializing with hunting partners, and 4) harvesting trophy bucks. Second, we used ordinal logistic regression, which indicated that perception of a low deer population density was associated with lower levels of satisfaction. Perception of the right number of hunters on the landscape was associated with higher levels of satisfaction. In addition, greater importance ratings of harvesting trophy bucks were associated with lower satisfaction levels. Last, we applied revised importance‐performance analysis to 19 aspects of WMA deer hunting, which revealed that managers should focus on increasing opportunities for hunters to see deer and harvest bucks for the best chance at improving hunter satisfaction. Considering the 64% decline in harvest success rates between 1979 and 2018, the positive relationship between hunter satisfaction and perception of deer density, and hunter desires to see more deer and have more opportunities to harvest bucks, we recommend managing the deer population to increase numbers. Overall, our findings suggested that hunters and managers agree on the direction of deer management on North Georgia public lands for the near future. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
A metal‐organic framework ZJU‐136‐Ce for combined chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Lei Chen , Yang Xue , Huang Xiajuan , Yu Shijiang , Zhu Hongliang , Lin Wenxin , Mou Xiaozhou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA metal‐organic framework ZJU‐136‐Ce with ideal water stability was synthesized. It was adopted to load Mn2+ and DOX for chemo/chemodynamic therapy of tumor, the loading capacity of Mn2+ and DOX was 0.87 wt % and 10.19 wt % in ZJU‐136‐Ce, respectively. DOX&Mn@ZJU‐136‐Ce exhibited significant effects of inhibition of Hela cell growth, which confirmed it had a potential application prospect in the multimodal cancer therapy.
Comparative study for analysis of carbohydrates in biological samples
Authors: Meyer Martin , Montero Lidia , Meckelmann Sven W. , Schmitz Oliver J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work presents a comparative study for the analysis of carbohydrates for four common chromatographic methods, each coupled to mass spectrometry. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) and gas chromatography (GC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) are compared. It is shown that gas chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography, each after derivatisation, are superior to the other two methods in terms of separation performance. Furthermore, comparing the different working modes of the mass spectrometer, it can be determined that a targeted analysis, i.e. moving from full scan to single ion monitoring (SIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), results in an improvement in the sensitivity as well as the repeatability of the method, which has deficiencies especially in the analysis using HILIC. Overall, RP-LC–MS in MRM after derivatisation with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) proved to be the most suitable method in terms of separation performance, sensitivity and repeatability for the analysis of monosaccharides. Detection limits in the nanomolar range were achieved, which corresponds to a mass concentration in the low µg/L range. The applicability of this method to different biological samples was investigated with various herbal liquors, pectins and a human glycoprotein.Graphical abstract
Alterations of circulating lymphocyte subsets in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Waidhauser Johanna , Nerlinger Pia , Arndt Tim Tobias , Schiele Stefan , Sommer Florian , Wolf Sebastian , Löhr Phillip , Eser Stefan , Müller Gernot , Claus Rainer , Märkl Bruno , Rank Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Cellular immune response to cancer is known to be of great importance for tumor control. Moreover, solid tumors influence circulating lymphocytes, which has been shown for several types of cancer. In our prospective study we elucidate changes in lymphocyte subsets in patients with colorectal carcinoma compared to healthy volunteers.

Methods
Flow cytometry was performed at diagnosis of colon carcinoma to analyze B cells, T cells and NK cells including various subtypes of each group. Univariate and multivariate analyses including age, gender, tumor stage, sidedness and microsatellite instability status (MSI) were performed.

Results
Forty-seven patients and 50 healthy volunteers were included. Median age was 65 years in patients and 43 years in the control group. Univariate analysis revealed lower total lymphocyte counts, lower CD4 + cells, CD8 + cells, B cells and NKs including various of their subsets in patients. In multivariate analysis patients had inferior values of B cells, CD4 + cells and NK cells and various subsets, regardless of age and gender. Naïve, central memory and HLADR + CD8 + cells showed an increase in patients whereas all other altered subsets declined. MSI status had no influence on circulating lymphocytes except for higher effector memory CD8 + cells in MSI-high patients. Localization in the left hemicolon led to higher values of total cytotoxic T cells and various T cell subsets.

Conclusion
We found significant changes in circulating lymphocyte subsets in colon carcinoma patients, independent of physiological alterations due to gender or age. For some lymphocyte subsets significant differences according to tumor localization or MSI-status could be seen.
Cochlea implantation in patients with superficial hemosiderosis
Authors: Artukarslan E. , Matin F. , Donnerstag F. , Gärtner L. , Lenarz T. , Lesinski-Schiedat A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Superficial hemosiderosis is a sub-form of hemosiderosis in which the deposits of hemosiderin in the central nervous system damage the nerve cells. This form of siderosis is caused by chronic cerebral hemorrhages, especially subarachnoid hemorrhages. The diversity of symptoms depends on the respective damage to the brain, but in most of the cases it shows up as incipient unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, ataxia and signs of pyramidal tracts. We are investigating the question of whether cochlear implantation is a treatment option for patients with superficial hemosiderosis and which strategy of diagnostic procedure has to be ruled out preoperatively.

Materials and methods
In a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2018, we examined (N = 5) patients with radiologically confirmed central hemosiderosis who suffered from profound hearing loss to deafness were treated with a cochlear implant (CI). We compared pre- and postoperative speech comprehension (Freiburg speech intelligibility test for monosyllables and HSM sentence test).

Results
Speech understanding improved on average by 20% (monosyllabic test in the Freiburg speech intelligibility test) and by 40% in noise (HSM sentence test) compared to preoperative speech understanding with optimized hearing aids.

Discussion
The results show that patients with superficial siderosis benefit from CI with better speech understanding. The results are below the average for all postlingual deaf CI patients. Superficial siderosis causes neural damages, which explains the reduced speech understanding based on central hearing loss. It is important to correctly weigh the patient's expectations preoperatively and to include neurologists within the therapy procedure.
Observation error covariance specification in dynamical systems for data assimilation using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Cheng Sibo , Qiu Mingming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData assimilation techniques are widely used to predict complex dynamical systems with uncertainties, based on time-series observation data. Error covariance matrices modeling is an important element in data assimilation algorithms which can considerably impact the forecasting accuracy. The estimation of these covariances, which usually relies on empirical assumptions and physical constraints, is often imprecise and computationally expensive, especially for systems of large dimensions. In this work, we propose a data-driven approach based on long short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) to improve both the accuracy and the efficiency of observation covariance specification in data assimilation for dynamical systems. Learning the covariance matrix from observed/simulated time-series data, the proposed approach does not require any knowledge or assumption about prior error distribution, unlike classical posterior tuning methods. We have compared the novel approach with two state-of-the-art covariance tuning algorithms, namely DI01 and D05, first in a Lorenz dynamical system and then in a 2D shallow water twin experiments framework with different covariance parameterization using ensemble assimilation. This novel method shows significant advantages in observation covariance specification, assimilation accuracy, and computational efficiency.