bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative profitability of small-scale rice and horticultural farming in South Konawe District of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Saediman H , Astuti R W , Alwi L O , Zani M , Mboe I S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Shortages in the national rice supply are attributable to several factors, one of which is crop shift from rice to other crops. This study aimed to find out the amount of net returns from rice farming and horticultural farming which could be one of the reasons for crop shifting. The respondents were former rice farmers who had left rice farming and now grown melon, watermelon, or chili. Data were analysed using cost and returns analysis and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the average net returns of rice farming per farm were IDR29,667,325/year, and the average net returns per hectare were IDR21,181,531/year. For horticultural farming, the average net returns were IDR49,309,679/farm/year or IDR122,172,194/ha/year. Net returns from horticultural production were significantly higher than that from rice production. Such a significant difference in the net returns might be one reason for the crop shifting from rice farming to horticultural farming. Horticultural production provides high income to the farmers and supports local economic growth, but abandoning rice fields in the long run may not be in line with the promotion of food security both at the local and national level.
The influence of the pandemic COVID-19 on the food supply chain management
Authors: Nesterenko N , Vetrova M , Ivanova D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Food supply chain management is a main object of the food security. How to form an effective food supply chain in pandemic conditions is the one of the most important questions nowadays. The agro-food system is becoming not only a tool for solving many economic and social problems that arise in the context of a pandemic, but itself is experiencing a serious impact from consumers, business, and the state. The pandemic negatively affected the agri-food system of different countries. Among the main problems, we will single out the reduction in demand for fresh food, disruptions in the supply of incoming resources, both for the production of products and for their sales, a shortage of labour, especially seasonal. The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food supply chains in Russia. Using the example of supply chains in St. Petersburg, we show that the food supply chain tends to be shorter because of the consumer’s willingness to buy food direct from farmers avoiding risks to be infected with COVID-19. Another change in food supply chain is the increasing role of government in regulation of food security in region.
Implementation of rice farming insurance to support food security and the willingness to pay (case study in Cinta Damai Village, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District)
Authors: Pane T C , Supriyono Y , Novita D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to increase food production, the government has made an innovation to protect farmers from the crop failure or damage risk by using the Rice Farming Insurance (AUTP) program. Agricultural insurance has been proven in many countries to successfully protect farmers from various farming risks. The presence of agricultural insurance is expected to play an important role in supporting economic activities in the agricultural sector, but unfortunately, this program has failed to run in Cinta Damai Village, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District because of the farmers’ objections to paying the insurance premium. The purposes of this study were to see the actual implementation of the AUTP program and calculate the farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the AUTP premium. The results of the interview were analysed and explained by the Statistical Description and then the farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the AUTP premium was calculated. The results showed that the implementation of the AUTP program in Cinta Damai Village had gone well and smoothly, from the socialization to the claim settlement processes were almost completely according to the AUTP implementation guideline. The farmers’ expected average WTP (EWTP) value was 71,011 IDR/ha/growing season or 142,022 IDR/ha/year.
Analysis of factors affecting farmer exchange rate in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Ramadhanu R , Ginting R , Ayu S F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Increasing the overall welfare of the population means increasing the welfare of the rural population by paying attention to the development in the agricultural sector. In addition to economic growth data, to determine the success of the progress, data to measure the level of farmer welfare is also needed. One indicator that shows the welfare of farmers and rural economic conditions is the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP). The research objective is to analyse the effect of inflation, interest rates, labour, GDP, and previous farmer exchange rates on the exchange rate of farmers in North Sumatra Province. The data used is secondary data from 1989-2018. The analysis model used is autoregressive. The results show that partially inflation, labour, and the exchange rate of farmers in the past have a beneficial and significant impact on the exchange rate of farmers. While, simultaneously inflation, interest rates, labour, GDP, and past exchange rates together with the important impact on value. The exchange of farmers in North Sumatera Province.
Determinant factors of Indonesian rubber export to Japan
Authors: Sari D K , Supriana T , Rahmanta  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Export reflects trade activities between countries that can provide a boost in economic dynamics. Japan is the second largest export destination for Indonesian Rubber after United States and the third largest car manufacturer in the world, so that exporting rubber to Japan is considered quite potential. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of production, exchange rate, and GDP on Indonesian rubber export volume to Japan. The analytical method used in this study was the forecasting method and multiple linear analyses based on time series data from 1989 to 2018. The results indicated a positive trend in Indonesian rubber export prospect to Japan. Rubber production and world rubber prices significantly effect and have positive effect, while Japan GDP has non-significant and negative effect on Indonesian rubber export volume to Japan.
Dilution of Biogas Bioactivator to enhance microbial growth
Authors: Ginting N , Hasnudi  , Yunilas  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The addition of bioactivator to biogas unit is a breakthrough to accelerate and increase the formation of gas. Bioactivator are made from fruit waste that is commonly found in local markets, including bananas, papaya and pineapples. This study aims to find the level of fruit waste dilution to obtain consistency that supports an ideal environment for microbial growth in biogas unit. Fifteen treatments on 15 plastic containers contain fruit waste with a dilution rate of 1, 2 and 3 times with a curing period of 25 days. The parameters were bioactivators colour and smell, pH, and microbial population of bacteria and fungi. The study result was that treatment with dilution rate of 3 times gave better result than other treatments. Bioactivator colour was yellow to orange with tapai/alcohol odour. The pH varies from 3.1 to 4.2. The largest microbial population were as follows bacteria 9.45x107 cfu/ml and fungi 12.32x105 cfu/ml.
Caffeine content calibration model on green beans arabica Mandailing Natal coffee using NIRS and artificial neural network
Authors: Akhir J , Rindang A , Ayu P C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Generally, Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive method that can identify the chemical content of agricultural products. In this study, several pretreatment data were used to reduce some noises from original NIR spectra, namely normalization (0-1) and Multiple Scatter Correction (MSC) and calibration model of caffeine content using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Result from wavelength analysis showed that the caffeine content of Mandailing Natal green bean arabica coffee was in the wavelengths of 1,208.9 nm and 1,728.91 nm. A good ANN architecture result was obtained with normalization/MSC which was 13-3-1 at 1,000 iterations, which was indicated by r = 0.9845, CV = 4.80% and │RMSEC-RMSEP│= 0.0383.
The study of temperature variation in catalytic biodiesel production process using static mixing reactor
Authors: Panggabean S , Andriani M , Sigalingging R , Raju  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel commonly used for diesel engines which is made through the transesterification of triglycerides and methanol compounds. The raw materials used in this research are palm oil and methanol (1: 6 mole ratio, oil mole: methanol mole) and the use of 0.5% w/w KOH catalyst. While the treatment carried out there were 2 treatments, namely treatment at the reaction temperature (T1: 30 °C, T2: 45 °C and T3: 60 °C) and the treatment on the tool, namely the sampling point (R5, R7 and R9) using static mixing reactor. The use of 9 reactors in biodiesel production equipment is to determine the effect of using the reactor on the biodiesel yield. The purpose of this research was to obtain the value of acid numbers, saponification numbers, total glycerol, methyl ester content and viscosity. The Results showed that the highest methyl ester content was 99.85% w/w which obtained at the treatment temperature of 60°C at reactor 9.
The utilization of aminopropyltriethoxy silane as a rubber additive in improving the degree of filler dispersion of natural rubber/precipitated silica composites
Authors: Philbert  , Surya I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The performance of aminopropyltriethoxy silane (AS) as an additive in improving the filler dispersion of natural rubber (NR)/precipitated silica (PSi) was observed. The NR was loaded with PSi at thirty phr. The AS was mixed with the NR/PSi composites with various dosages (one to seven phr). The NR/PSi/AS composites were vulcanized at 150 °C. The rheometric behaviours of the NR/PSi/AS composites were determined by applying a curemeter. The AS role as a plasticizing additive. It cut down the minimal torque (viscosity) but raised the maximal torque and torque changes. The bigger the AS dosage; the lower the viscosity of the NR/PSi/AS composites. The incorporations of AS till five phr raised the maximal torque and torque changes. Based on the torque behaviours; the degree of PSi dispersion was observed. It was revealed that the AS raised the degree of PSi dispersion. Presumably, in the relation to the plasticizing affection of AS on the NR/PSi systems; the AS plasticized or soften the NR/PSi composites and hence, made easier the dispersion process of PSi into the NR systems, raised the PSi dispersion in the NR composites, jointly. The bigger the AS dosage, the better was the PSi dispersion.
Organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat with the pineapple fruit juice marination
Authors: Nuraini  , Hafid H , Patriani P , Sepriadi S , Ananda S H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pineapple extract can maintain the quality of chicken meat due to the presence of the enzyme bromelain, namely proteolysis. This study aimed to determine how the effect of marinating of young pineapple extracts with different immersion times on the organoleptic properties of Free-range chicken meat. This research was treated without immersion/control (P1), immersion time 45 minutes (P 2), and immersion time 90 minutes (P 3). This study was arranged based on a randomized block design with three treatments using 15 trained panellists. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that marination using 3% young pineapple extract has a significant effect (p <0.05) on tenderness, juiciness, and Consistency, but does not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on colour, Odour. and taste.
The use of probiotics bio l on the production performance and quality of KUB chicken’s eggs
Authors: Ayu P I , Suyasa N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The superior of native chicken from Agricultural Research and Development Center (KUB) is a chicken selected by 6 generations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Probiotic Bio L on production performance and quality of chicken eggs in the R & D Kampung Superior. The research method used was experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment using 60 KUB chickens aged 22 weeks (Layer phase) Divided into 3 P0: feed according to the farmer; P1: concentrate (25%), corn (40%) and bran (35%); P2: P1 + Bio B 2 cc / 1 litre of water; the number of administration is 80-90 g / head / day. The results showed that the growth rate and egg production of P2 treatment were statistically significantly higher (P <0.05) when compared to treatments P1 and P0. Therefore, in terms of consuming P2 ration, it was the most efficient way of absorbing the feed given, with conversion of rations 3.44 was significantly lower (P <0.05) than other treatments. Likewise, with the chemical quality of eggs can increase egg yolk protein by 7.6% and reduce yolk fat content by 16.15%.
Catfish oil supplementation in Bali cattle diet: Effects on rumen fermentation parameters, carboxymethylcellulase and protease activity in vitro
Authors: Cahyo D N , Yusiati L M , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Muhlisin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to measure the effect of Catfish oil supplementation on rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate: propionate, NH3, microbial protein, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), and protease activity. There are five treatments conduct on the current study i.e. T0 (control diet: Pennisetum purpupoides (60): wheat pollard (30): soybean meal (10)), T1 (T0 + 2% DM CFO), T2 (T0 + 4% DM CFO), T3 (T0 + 6% DM CFO), T4 (T0 + 8% DM CFO) and each treatment replicated 3 times. The fermentation method was in vitro gas production technique described by Menke and Steingass by incubating samples in the fermentation medium for 48 hours of the incubation period. The statistical analysis result showed that Catfish oil supplementation did not change the value of rumen pH, total VFA, partial VFA, rumen microbial protein and protease activity. Supplementing Catfish oil at the level of 2% and above decreasing the C2:C3 ratio, and when the supplementation increased to the level of 8% could decrease rumen NH3 and CMCase activity. It was concluded that the supplementation of Catfish oil in a ruminant diet could be done up to the level of 6% without giving any negative effect on rumen fermentation.
Biodiversity of birds and mammals in the Lake Siombak ecosystem, Medan North Sumatra
Authors: Muhtadi A , Patana P , Aswadi Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Lake Siombak ecosystem is one of the important ecosystems in the north coast of Medan City, North Sumatra because it’s a combination of lake ecosystems, mangroves, and aquaculture areas. Therefore, it brings into a habitat of various flora and fauna, both aquatic and terrestrial area. This study aims to map the spatial and temporal distribution of terrestrial biota, especially birds and mammals in Lake Siombak ecosystem. This research was conducted in Lake Siombak, from September 2018 to August 2019. The data collected is the number of individuals of birds and mammals. The results of research found 12 species of birds and 2 species of mammals. There are 3 rare species and protected species by both the government and internationally, namely the rhinoceros’ hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), and Silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus). Great egret (Ardea alba), Intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia), and Gull billed tern (Sterna nilotica) are also government-protected bird species, but they have not received international attention. Spatially and temporally, Great egret and Intermediate egret are found in abundance at the Lake Siombak ecosystem. Meanwhile, the rhinoceros’ hornbills, Brahminy kite, and Silvery lutung were only found once at the study site.
Swidden Agriculture, food security and environment in semiarid area of Timor – Indonesia
Authors: Kapa M J , Kotta N R E , Ngongo Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite policies inplemented to minimise Swidden Agriculture (SA) practices, it remains in semi-arid areas of Timor Island. A study of SA was conducted in Manikin Watershed (MW) of West Timor during 2017 to 2019 in oder to understand the nature of SA using Agro-ecosystems approach and to analyse the strengths of SA for sustainable upland farming management. The research applied survey method in data collection. Qualitative data analysed using thematic analysis descriptively and mapping spacial analysis using open access of SAGAGIS. The results showed that Agro-ecosystem characteristics of SA at MW have characterised by Low Productivity, Low Stability, High Equitability, High Adaptability, and High Autonomous. High adaptability and some important components which are suits with resource poor farmers becomes the main reasons why upland farmers keep practicing SA. The strengths of SA lies on the farmers’ perception that SA as an adaptive and suitable system of semi-arid upland farmers’ circumstances: saving labour, only need simple equipments, easy to applied, no external inputs used, fertilize the soil/crops, and harvest guarantee for at least one food crop. The SA have strengths to be improved and developed as a productive and sustainable farming model that suitable for semi-arid upland communities.
The existence and role of traditional cultural beliefs in conserving Sibaganding Tua sacred forest
Authors: Sinambela S N , Badaruddin  , Slamet B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The conversion of religion has made the existence of several cultural values changed and lost their practice in the community of Sihotang Village. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the existention of Sibaganding Tua sacred forest with the beliefs and customs of the people of Sihotang Village. This research using qualitative research method by In-depth interview with the community. The results show that the concept of sacred forest does not contradict to the teachings of Christianity so that the practice of customary rules, taboos and beliefs related to sacred forests is still ongoing. People also get benefit from this forest, which is the main source of their water needs. There is a relationship between beliefs and customs with the existention of the forest is found. Communities increasingly protecting the forest and obey the law when there are ecological benefits received. This will increase the protection of the sacred forest. Meanwhile, education and modernization of house building have eliminated the ritual practice of the tree using rules for Borotan and Bungkulan of Batak house from sacred forests. However, it has indirectly provided protection and reduced tree logging activities in Sibaganding Tua sacred forest.
Ethnozoology by Batak Toba Tribe in Bahal Gajah Village, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Siringo-Ringo P , Buana B Y , Wiranata D , Prayoga B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of wild animals has been used by various tribe groups in the world for a long time to fulfil their daily needs, including as source of food and medicine and means of cultural rituals. The purpose of this study was to determine the animals used by the Batak Toba tribe in Bahal Gajah Village, Simalungun regency, North Sumatra. The number of animals used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Bahal Gajah Village is 20 species of animals, the utilization of which includes 14 animals for consumption, 7 types of animals for medicine, and 4 types of animals for rituals. Based on class 6 classes, namely mammals, reptiles, aves, molluscs, pisces and amphibians.
Phytochemical screening and biomass production of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb of Samosir – Indonesia accession cultivated on acid soil with different phosphorus treatments
Authors: Vinolina N S , Sigalingging R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Various studies concluded that Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, called pegagan in Indonesia, contains bioactive compounds known to have health benefits and used to treat diseases. However, cultivation of the plant has yet to produce optimal yield. This research is a part of the effort to develop an optimal large-scale Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, cultivation in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine the effects of phosphorus application on the phytochemical contents and biomass production of pegagan. The experiment used a single factor with six dosage levels of P2O5 fertilizer arranged in a non-factorial randomized block design with three replicates. The dosages were 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 kg P2O5/ha. The application of phosphorus fertilizer affected the length growth of the primary tendril despite being cultivated in relatively acid soil condition. The phytochemical screening showed positive tests for saponin, tannin, phenolic, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid and glycoside in pegagan treated with and without phosphorus fertilizer. The phytochemicals were present in both leaves and roots with an exception for alkaloid. This research concludes that phosphorus treatment did not significantly affect the number of leaves, wet weight per plot, dry weight of leaves and petioles, dry weight of roots and tendrils (biomass).
Application of styrax essential oils in healthy and beauty soap products
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Styrax resin is the main non-timber forest product from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Unfortunately, the precious resin known as benzoin still have not been developed into various domestic and innovative organic personal care products. The objective of study is to initiate the distilled styrax resins utilization into personal care products in form of organic and healthy washing hand soaps. Research was carried out by distilling styrax resin, formulating and producing soaps, and assessing the products acceptance. Product application tests were applied including soap properties (hardness, cleansing, conditioning, bubbly and creamy), feeling and preference tests (sensibility, moisturizing, smoothness, scent). Forty respondents were surveyed, which 35 individuals (87.5%) expressed their pleasure utilizing the soaps, related to good consistency and cleaning performance, smoothness, moisturizing, as well as easily rinsed from hands after washing with a pleasant long lasting aroma. The phytochemical content contained is also reveals soap potential application to reducing anxiety and increase immune system. The results showed the idea about processing styrax resin into organic and healthy personal care products is highly feasible for replication in wide-scale applications. Regarding the products contains organic ingredient, it is considered better, healthier and support the local economy development.