bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperreflective foci in predicting the treatment outcomes of diabetic macular oedema after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Authors: Huang Chu-Hsuan , Yang Chang-Hao , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Yang Chung-May , Ho Tzyy-Chang , Lai Tso-Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluated the association of hyperreflective foci (HRF) with treatment response in diabetic macular oedema (DME) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. The medical records, including of ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, of 106 patients with DME treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept were reviewed. The correlations between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes and HRF along with other OCT biomarkers were analysed. The mean logMAR BCVA improved from 0.696 to 0.461 after an average of 6.2 injections in 1 year under real-world conditions. Greater visual-acuity gain was noted in patients with a greater number of HRF in the outer retina at baseline (p = 0.037), along with other factors such as poor baseline vision (p < 0.001), absence of epiretinal membrane (p = 0.048), and presence of subretinal fluid at baseline (p = 0.001). The number of HRF after treatment was correlated with the presence of hard exudate (p < 0.001) and baseline haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.001). Patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had greater HRF reduction after treatment (p = 0.018). The number of HRF in the outer retina, in addition to other baseline OCT biomarkers, could be used to predict the treatment response in DME after anti-VEGF treatment.
High-dimensional hepatopath data analysis by machine learning for predicting HBV-related fibrosis
Authors: Pu Xiangke , Deng Danni , Chu Chaoyi , Zhou Tianle , Liu Jianhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic HBV infection, the main cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, has become a global health concern. Machine learning algorithms are particularly adept at analyzing medical phenomenon by capturing complex and nonlinear relationships in clinical data. Our study proposed a predictive model on the basis of 55 routine laboratory and clinical parameters by machine learning algorithms as a novel non-invasive method for liver fibrosis diagnosis. The model was further evaluated on the accuracy and rationality and proved to be highly accurate and efficient for the prediction of HBV-related fibrosis. In conclusion, we suggested a potential combination of high-dimensional clinical data and machine learning predictive algorithms for the liver fibrosis diagnosis.
Use and misuse of instant messaging in clinical data sharing: the EHRA-SMS survey
Authors: Guerra Federico , Linz Dominik , Garcia Rodrigue , Kommata Varvara , Kosiuk Jedrzej , Chun Julian , Boveda Serge , Duncker David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Instant messaging (IM) enables medical professionals to quickly share clinical data to their peers for counselling. Purpose of this survey is to assess the habits related to IM, their application in clinical practice and the perceived pros and cons. An online survey was distributed to the medical community via newsletters, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. The survey consisted of 22 questions made on an individual-basis and collected anonymously on SurveyMonkey. A total of 287 subjects from 33 countries responded to the survey (mean age 43 years, 74.8% male). Of all respondents, 88.3% routinely send and 90.3% receive clinical data through IM which was second only to face-to-face contact as the preferred method for sharing clinical data. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms (88.6%), medical history (61.4%), and echo loops (55.7%) were the data shared most often. Nearly half of the clinical data that are sent (43%) or received (44%) are not anonymized. In the same way, 29.3% of the respondents were not aware of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) at the time of the survey. IM apps are used by medical professionals worldwide to share and discuss clinical data and are preferred to many other methods of data sharing, being second only to face-to-face contact. IM are often used to share many different types of clinical data, being perceived as a fast and easy way of communication. Medical professionals should be aware of the appropriate use of IM to prevent legal and privacy issues.
Trading off retained daily catch for longer seasons to maximize angler benefits in recreational fisheries management
Authors: Melnychuk Michael C , Young Erik G , Anderson Leif E , Hilborn Ray 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recreational fishing benefits associated with angling opportunity, such as fishing season duration and certainty of season duration, may outweigh trip-based benefits, such as retained catch, in measures of angler utility. We developed an age-structured population dynamics model to predict how these three beneficial attributes are affected by four recreational management parameters: minimum size limit; bag limit; inter-season quota transfer limits; and in-season adjustment of season duration. We incorporated results of stated-preference angler surveys to produce a bioeconomic model for two case studies: Atlantic Florida red snapper, and central Oregon Pacific halibut. In maximizing long-term total utility, a strong trade-off between season length and retained daily catch was observed in both fisheries, arising from increased minimum size limits which lengthened fishing seasons but reduced daily retained catch. The optimal management policy across the combination of beneficial attributes was sensitive to assumptions of the curvature of utility functions, i.e. to the degree to which anglers value those attributes with diminishing marginal returns, but generally involved satisfying the strong stated preferences for increased angling opportunity.
Understanding intake on pastures: how, why, and a way forward
Authors: Smith William B , Galyean Michael L , Kallenbach Robert L , Greenwood Paul L , Scholljegerdes Eric J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn assessment of dietary intake is a critical component of animal nutrition. Consumption of feed resources is the basis upon which feeding strategies and grazing management are based. Yet, as far back as 1948, researchers have lauded the trials and tribulations of estimation of the phenomenon, especially when focused on grazing animals and pasture resources. The grazing environment presents a unique situation in which the feed resource is not provided to the animal but, rather, the animal operates as the mechanism of harvest. Therefore, tools for estimation must be developed, validated, and applied to the scenario. There are a plethora of methods currently in use for the estimation of intake, ranging from manual measurement of herbage disappearance to digital technologies and sensors, each of which come with its share of advantages and disadvantages. In order to more firmly grasp these concepts and provide a discussion on the future of this estimation, the Forages and Pastures Symposium at the 2020 ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Annual Meeting was dedicated to this topic. This review summarizes the presentations in that symposium and offers further insight into where we have come from and where we are going in the estimation of intake for grazing livestock.
Real-world validity of randomized controlled phase III trials in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: to whom do the results of the trials apply?
Authors: Skaga Erlend , Skretteberg Marthe Andrea , Johannesen Tom Børge , Brandal Petter , Vik-Mo Einar O , Helseth Eirik , Langmoen Iver A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The survival rates in population-based series of glioblastoma (GBM) differ substantially from those reported in clinical trials. This discrepancy may be attributed to that patients recruited to trials tend to be younger with better performance status. However, the proportion and characteristics of the patients in a population considered either eligible or ineligible for trials is unknown. The generalizability of trial results is therefore also uncertain.

Methods
Using the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Brain Tumor Database at Oslo University Hospital, we tracked all patients within a well-defined geographical area with newly diagnosed GBM during the years 2012–2017. Based on data from these registries and the medical records, the patients were evaluated for trial eligibility according to criteria employed in recent phase III trials for GBM.

Results
We identified 512 patients. The median survival was 11.7 months. When we selected a potential trial population at the start of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (radiotherapy [RT]/ temozolomide [TMZ]) by the parameters age (18–70 y), passed surgery for a supratentorial GBM, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) ≤2, normal hematologic, hepatic and renal function, and lack of severe comorbidity, 57% of the patients were excluded. Further filtering the patients who progressed during RT/TMZ and never completed RT/TMZ resulted in exclusion of 59% and 63% of the patients, respectively. The survival of patients potentially eligible for trials was significantly higher than of the patients not fulfilling trial eligibility criteria (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
Patients considered eligible for phase III clinical trials represent a highly selected minority of patients in a real-world GBM population.
The evolution ofBolbites onitoides(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem
Authors: Cupello Mario , Ribeiro-Costa Cibele S , Vaz-De-Mello Fernando Z 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe distribution of the iridescent dung beetle Bolbites onitoides can be divided, based on dorsal colouration, into a blue western-half and a red eastern-half. This has raised the question, in 1959, of whether the two colour variants could represent distinct subspecies. Having examined ~1200 specimens and evaluated the proposal under both an ontological and an operational subspecies concept, we conclude that B. onitoides should continue to be treated as a single monotypic species because: (1) two kinds of colour intermediates were found living among populations of the two main variants; (2) the distribution of the variants overlaps; (3) no other characters were seen to vary consistently in accordance with the colour variants; (4) the overall geographical pattern can be explained by phenomena other than (incipient) speciation, such as phenotypic plasticity and distinct selective regimes; and (5) colour has been extensively shown not to be a reliable indicator of speciation processes among dung beetles. By comparing our findings with other cases of polychromatism among scarabaeines, we discuss publications proposing subspecies taxa relying uniquely upon colour variants. We contend that, due to the often continuous, populational, polytopic and, several times, clinal nature of the intraspecific geographical variation, subspecies classification schemes should not be established simply to classify variation across a species range without a commitment to the reality as evolutionary entities of the taxa being proposed. The alternative stance championed by many contemporary authors to give trinomina to conspecific (meta)population lineages, in turn, may eventually prove to be adequate, but we express some of our concerns as to the feasibility of this practice. Whether these intraspecific taxa should be ranked in a Linnaean hierarchy – e.g. as subspecies – is equally an open question. We also elaborate on an evolutionary scenario where the role of the iridescence in sexual selection, as hypothesized in a previous work, may be an exaptation, not an adaptation, among the horned Phanaeina.
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic liver resection
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Kim Jong Man , Choi Gyu-Seong , Heo Gunyoung , Kim Gaab Soo , Jeong Ji Seon 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND
Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been reported to manage postoperative pain effectively after various types of surgery. However, there has been a lack of study on the effect of ESPB after liver resection.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the analgesic effects of ESPB on pain control after laparoscopic liver resection compared with conventional pain management.

DESIGN
Prospective, randomised controlled study.

SETTING
A single tertiary care centre from February 2019 to February 2020.

PATIENTS
A total of 70 patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic liver resection.

INTERVENTIONS
In the control group (n = 35), no procedure was performed. In the ESPB group (n = 35), ESPB was performed after induction of general anaesthesia. A total of 40 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% was injected at the T9 level bilaterally. After surgery, intravenous fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia was initiated. Fentanyl and hydromorphone were administered as rescue analgesics.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the cumulative postoperative opioid consumption at 24 h (morphine equivalent). The secondary outcomes were rescue opioid (fentanyl) dose in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) and pain severity at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) score.

RESULTS
The median [IQR] postoperative opioid consumption during 24 hours following surgery was 48.2 [17.1] mg in the control group and 45.5 [35.8] mg in the ESPB group (median difference, 4.2 mg; 95% CI, −4.2 to 13.3 mg; P = 0.259). Conversely, rescue opioid in PACU was 5.3 [5.0] mg in the control group and 3.0 [1.5] mg in the ESPB group (median difference, 2.5 mg; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.0 mg; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in NRS scores point between the groups at any time.

CONCLUSION
ESPB does not provide analgesic effect within 24 h after laparoscopic liver resection.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical Trial Registry of Korea (https://cris.nih.go.kr.), identifier: KCT0003549)
Histopathological assessments reveal retinal vascular changes, inflammation and gliosis in patients with lethal COVID-19
Authors: Jidigam Vijay K. , Singh Rupesh , Batoki Julia C. , Milliner Caroline , Sawant Onkar B. , Bonilha Vera L. , Rao Sujata 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess for histopathological changes within the retina and the choroid and determine the long-term sequelae of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignComparative analysis of human eyes.SubjectsEleven donor eyes from COVID-19 positive donors and similar age-matched donor eyes from patients with a negative test for SARS-CoV-2 were assessed.MethodsGlobes were evaluated ex-vivo with macroscopic, SLO and OCT imaging. Macula and peripheral regions were processed for epon-embedding and immunocytochemistryMain Outcome MeasuresRetinal thickness and histopathology, detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, changes in vascular density, gliosis, and degree of inflammation.ResultsFundus analysis shows hemorrhagic spots and increased vitreous debris in several of the COVID-19 eyes compared to the control. OCT based measurements indicated an increased trend in retinal thickness in the COVID-19 eyes, however the difference was not statistically significant. Histology of the retina showed presence of hemorrhages and central cystoid degeneration in several of the donors. Whole mount analysis of the retina labeled with markers showed changes in retinal microvasculature, increased inflammation, and gliosis in the COVID-19 eyes compared to the controls. The choroidal vasculature displayed localized changes in density and signs of increased inflammation in the COVID-19 samples.ConclusionsIn situ analysis of the retinal tissue suggested that there are severe subclinical abnormalities that could be detected in the COVID-19 eyes. This study provides a rationale for evaluating the ocular physiology of patients that have recovered from COVID-19 infections to further understand the long-term effects caused by this virus.
Murine norovirus capsid plasticity – Glycochenodeoxycholic acid stabilizes P-domain dimers and triggers escape from antibody recognition
Authors: Creutznacher Robert , Maaß Thorben , Dülfer Jasmin , Feldmann Clara , Hartmann Veronika , Knickmann Jan , Westermann Leon Torben , Smith Thomas J. , Uetrecht Charlotte , Mallagaray Alvaro , Peters Thomas , Taube Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe murine norovirus (MNV) capsid protein is the target for various neutralizing antibodies binding to distal tips of its protruding (P)-domain. The bile acid glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), an important co-factor for murine norovirus (MNV) infection, has recently been shown to induce conformational changes in surface-loops and a contraction of the virion. Here, we employ protein NMR experiments using stable isotope labeled MNV P-domains to shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms. We observe two separate sets of NMR resonance signals for P-domain monomers and dimers, permitting analysis of the corresponding exchange kinetics. Unlike human norovirus GII.4 P-dimers, which exhibit a half-life in the range of several days, MNV P-dimers are very short lived with a half-life of about 17 s. Addition of GCDCA shifts the equilibrium towards the dimeric form by tightly binding to the P-dimers. In MNV virions GCDCA-mediated stabilization of the dimeric arrangement of P-domains generates a more ordered state, which in turn may entropically assist capsid contraction. Numerous long-range chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) upon addition of GCDCA reflect allosteric conformational changes as a feature accompanying dimer stabilization. In particular, CSPs indicate rearrangement of the E’F’ loop, a target for various neutralizing antibodies. Indeed, treating MNV virions with GCDCA prior to neutralizing antibody exposure abolishes neutralization. These findings advance our understanding of GCDCA-induced structural changes of MNV capsids and experimentally support an intriguing viral immune escape mechanism relying on GCDCA-triggered conformational changes of the P-dimer.Significance StatementThis study sheds light on the role of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) in promoting murine norovirus (MNV) infection and immune escape. Binding of GCDCA to the dimeric P-domain has been well characterized by crystallography and cryo EM studies, showing that upon GCDCA binding, a 90° rotation of the P-domain occurs, which results in its collapse onto the underlying shell of the virus. Our NMR experiments now reveal P-dimer stability as a new dimension of plasticity of MNV capsids and suggest that capsid contraction is entropically assisted. Conformational changes as a feature of P-dimer stabilization eliminate recognition by neutralizing antibodies, no longer being able to prevent infection. These findings highlight key differences between human and MNV capsid structures, promote our understanding of MNV infection on a molecular level, and reveal a novel immune escape mechanism.
Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Exosomes Using Data-Independent Acquisitions – New Tools for Aging Cohort Studies
Authors: Patel Sandip K. , Bruderer Roland , Basisty Nathan , Bons Joanna , Desprez Pierre-Yves , Neri Francesco , Reiter Lukas , Campisi Judith , Schilling Birgit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAging is a complex biological process associated with progressive loss of physiological function and susceptibility to several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Exosomes are involved in many cellular signaling pathways, and their cargo may serve as promising disease or aging biomarkers. These membrane-bound extracellular vesicles facilitate the transport of intracellular contents to proximal and distal cells in the body. Here, we investigated two omics approaches for exosome analysis. To overcome the challenges of plasma exosome contamination with abundant soluble plasma proteins, we developed a high-throughput method to isolate highly purified exosomes from human plasma by sequential size-exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration. First, we used data-dependent acquisitions from offline high-pH reversed-phase fractions of exosome lysate to generate a deep spectral library comprising ∼2,300 exosome proteins. Second, in a pilot aging study, we used comprehensive data-independent acquisitions to compare plasma exosomes from young (20–26 yrs) and old (60–66 yrs) individuals. We quantified 1,318 exosome proteins, and levels of 144 proteins were significantly different in young and old plasma groups (Q<0.05 and >1.5-fold change). We also analyzed exosome miRNA cargo and detected 331 miRNAs. Levels of several were significantly different in young and old individuals. In addition, 88 and 17 miRNAs were unique to old and young individuals, respectively. Plasma exosome biomarkers have great potential for translational studies investigating biomarkers of aging and age-related diseases and to monitor therapeutic aging interventions.
Neuronal activity patterns regulate BDNF expression in cortical neurons via synaptic connections and calcium signaling
Authors: Miyasaka Yumi , Yamamoto Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring development, cortical circuits are remodeled by spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity via alteration of the expression of wiring molecules. An intriguing question is how physiological neuronal activity modifies the expression of these molecules in developing cortical networks. Here, we addressed this issue, focusing on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the factors underlying cortical wiring. Real-time imaging of Bdnf promoter activity in organotypic slice cultures revealed that patterned stimuli differentially regulated the increase and the time course of the promoter activity in upper layer neurons. Calcium imaging further demonstrated that stimulus-dependent increases in the promoter activity were roughly proportional to the increase in intracellular Ca2+concentration per unit time. Finally, optogenetic stimulation showed that the promoter activity was increased efficiently by patterned stimulation in defined cortical circuits. These results suggest that physiological stimulation patterns differentially tune activity-dependent gene expression in developing cortical neurons via cortical circuits, synaptic responses, and alteration of intracellular calcium signaling.