bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an online course for prevention of unwanted sexual behaviour in residential aged care services—A pilot study
Authors: Smith Daisy E. , Wright Meghan T. , Pham Tony H. , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundResidential aged care services (RACS) staff have substantial gaps in knowledge to prevent and manage unwanted sexual behaviour (USB) in RACS.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the feasibility of a pilot online course (intervention) addressing USB in RACS.MethodDevelopment of a self‐guided e‐learning educational course was based on existing research, national and international approaches to human rights approaches to sexual assault and underwent internal and external peer review. An anonymous, online, cross‐sectional survey was conducted post‐intervention completion. RAC‐Communiqué subscribers were recruited via an e‐invitation. English speaking enrolled or registered nurses, employed in an Australian RACS, were eligible. From the 167 participants who expressed interest to enrol, 129 were eligible and 45 returned completed consent forms. Fifteen survey items regarding perceived competence and intervention satisfaction were analysed.ResultsThe intervention addressed content pertaining to staffs’ legal and regulatory requirements, managing incidents and awareness of key services. Thirty‐eight of 45 eligible participants responded (84.4%). Participants reported they would recommend the intervention to a colleague (n = 36, 97.3%). Participants self‐reported (i) advanced learning post‐completion; (ii) raised awareness (n = 29, 78.4%) (iii) prompted current practice reflection (n = 35, 94.6%) and (iv) prompted improving USB workplace management (n = 34, 91.9%). Results are subjected to social desirability bias.ConclusionsThe intervention was relevant, engaging and practical. The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the specific training topics relevant and useful to RACS staff.Implication for practiceE‐learning tools could be an effective teaching method for USB in RACS. The intervention may be a useful tool to encourage staff to reflect and change current practice.
Magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with dorsal root ganglion stimulation
Authors: Reining Marco , Winkler Dirk , Boettcher Joachim , Meixensberger Juergen , Kretzschmar Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients fitted with a neurostimulator face a greater need to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Given the lack of literature in this regard, this study aims to review our experience with MRI examinations on patients implanted with a dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐S) system and their potential adverse events.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the prospective treatment documentation gathered from November 2011 to October 2020. We identified 259 MRI registrations for patients with an implanted neurostimulation system; the MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system in accordance with a structured scheme.ResultsAmong the 259 MRI registrations identified in this study, 28 corresponded to patients with an implanted DRG‐S system. In 2 cases, no MRI scan was performed, and thus, only 26 MRI examinations were evaluated in detail. The DRG‐S device was approved for the requested MRI scans in only 2 of these 26 cases (7.7%). In addition, 2 minor adverse events (syncopal episode and connection problem) were identified, and only the second problem (3.8%) was related to neurostimulator operation.ConclusionsNecessary MRI examinations in patients with DRG‐S systems are rarely covered by the European CE/US Food and Drug Administration (CE/FDA) approval. Although the manufacturer recommendations are against the use of MRI in patients with implanted DRG‐S in certain conditions, we performed these scans without causing injury to the patient or damaging the device. Given that data on safety are limited, MRIs should be conducted study related. We provide recommendations for the procedure that should be followed when an MRI is needed urgently.
Achieving equity and inclusion in pediatric dermatology research: Priorities and considerations
Authors: Huang Jennifer T. , Davies Olivia M. T. , Siegel Dawn H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs we increase our focus and energy on equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI)‐relevant research, we must consider the “what, why, and how” of our work. The goals of this paper are to highlight unique issues pediatric dermatologists face in providing equitable care, pose considerations when reporting data on race and ethnicity, and advocate for standardized classification of race and ethnicity in research.
Productive exposures: Vulnerability as a parallel practice of care in ethnographic and community spaces
Authors: Zizzo Gabriella , Warin Megan , Zivkovic Tanya , Maher JaneMaree 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheories of vulnerability are most often seen in the anthropology of disaster studies, where socio‐economic and political inequalities produce environmental vulnerabilities, and the people situated in these locations are positioned as vulnerable and dependent 'Others'. Rather than reproduce vulnerability as a concept denoting weakness, this paper seeks to examine the generative capacities of vulnerability practised in parallel in ethnographic and community spaces. As a form of witnessing and participating in and out of differing social worlds, anthropology engages in different vulnerabilities with and between multiple actors. This paper examines how a community program working with families identified as 'disadvantaged' in South Australia strategically uses vulnerability as a productive resource and a practice of care. In theorising vulnerability through parallel practices in both ethnographic approaches and this community program, we argue that vulnerability can be leveraged away from negative welfare discourses towards alternative politics of radical care and social change.
A survey of road feature extraction methods from raster maps
Authors: Jiao Chenjing , Heitzler Magnus , Hurni Lorenz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaps contain abundant geospatial information, such as roads, settlements, and river networks, to name a few. The need to access this information to carry out analyses (e.g., in transportation, landscape planning, or ecology), as well as advances in software and hardware technologies, have driven the development of workflows to efficiently extract features from maps. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of such methods to extract road features from raster maps. The methods are categorized based on the classes of techniques they employ (e.g., line extraction), as well as their subclasses (e.g., line tracing, Hough transform), the amount of user intervention required (e.g., interactive, automatic), the required data (e.g., scanned maps, contemporary vector data) and the produced results (e.g., raster‐based predictions, vector‐based results, attributes). Additionally, recent road extraction methods from overhead imagery, together with evaluation methods that will possibly benefit road extraction from raster maps, are reviewed. Furthermore, the evolution of this research field is analyzed over the past 35 years and the limitations of the current techniques, as well as possible future directions, are discussed.
An investigation into longitudinal forms of gullies within the “Grand Canyon” of Bengal, Eastern India
Authors: Patel Priyank Pravin , Dasgupta Rajarshi , Chanda Sreeparna , Mondal Sayoni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of gullies is intrinsically linked with the growth of their principal channels. Analysis of the longitudinal form of these channels can provide insight into both the extent of badland formation within that catchment and the nature of the substrate. In this study, we examine the longitudinal profiles of the major gullies formed within the Gangani Badlands in Paschim Medinipur district of Eastern India, which is often referred to as the “Grand Canyon” of Bengal. These are examined using a very high‐resolution digital elevation model to extract the respective main gully catchments, map the stream network and derive the required information for statistical analysis of the gully longitudinal profile forms. Stream segment gradient indices were subsequently computed and related to the hardness of the substrate that was derived using a RockSchmidt rebound hammer. The effect of the ambient lateritic hardpan is seen to markedly influence the gully channel character, with most having steeper segments in the middle portion of their course, where the initial rills and minor gullies debouch over the high duricrust escarpment present here. Since gully development within lateritic terrain is a relatively less examined phenomenon worldwide, such investigations add to the relevant knowledge base.
ERF108 from Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. functions in cold tolerance by modulating raffinose synthesis through transcriptional regulation of PtrRafS
Authors: Khan Madiha , Hu Jianbing , Dahro Bachar , Ming Ruhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Yue , Alhag Ahmed , Li Chunlong , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYEthylene‐responsive factors (ERFs) are plant‐specific transcription factors involved in cold stress response, and raffinose is known to accumulate in plants exposed to cold. However, it remains elusive whether ERFs function in cold tolerance by modulating raffinose synthesis. Here, we identified a cold‐responsive PtrERF108 from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), a cold‐tolerant plant closely related to citrus. PtrERF108 is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of PtrERF108 conferred enhanced cold tolerance of transgenic lemon, whereas virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS)‐mediated knockdown of PtrERF108 in trifoliate orange greatly elevated cold sensitivity. Transcriptome profiling showed that PtrERF108 overexpression caused extensive reprogramming of genes associated with signaling transduction, physiological processes and metabolic pathways. Among them, a raffinose synthase (RafS)‐encoding gene, PtrRafS, was confirmed as a direct target of PtrERF108. RafS activity and raffinose content were significantly increased in PtrERF108‐overexpressing transgenic plants, but prominently decreased in the VIGS plants under cold conditions. Meanwhile, exogenous replenishment of raffinose could recover the cold tolerance of PtrERF108‐silenced plants, whereas VIGS‐mediated knockdown of PtrRafS resulted in cold‐sensitive phenotype. Taken together, the current results demonstrate that PtrERF108 plays a positive role in cold tolerance by modulation of raffinose synthesis via regulating PtrRafS. Our findings reveal a new transcriptional module composed of ERF108‐RafS underlying cold‐induced raffinose accumulation in plants.
A Numerical Study of Particle Migration in Porous Media During Produced Water Reinjection
Authors: Xia Tian , Feng Qihong , Wang Sen , Shu Qinglin , Zhang Yigen , Sun Yeheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The clogging phenomenon often occurs during the reinjection of produced water due to the suspended particles, which will deteriorate the development efficiency. Many experimental and analytical methods have been introduced to solve this problem; however, few numerical approaches have been proposed to investigate the particle migration in the produced water reinjection process. Moreover, it is hard to obtain a clear understanding directly from the particle scale when the injected particles have different sizes. This paper employs a coupled lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (LBM-DEM) to study the aforementioned process. The method was validated by reproducing the Drafting–Kissing–Tumbling (DKT) process. Simulations of migration of injected particles with different sizes through porous media were conducted and three clogging scenarios had been identified. We investigated the impact of injected particle size distribution and porous media on particle migration and concluded the results in the polydisperse aspect. From the simulation, we can conclude that mix clogging is the scenario we should try to avoid. Besides, both critical ratio of particle diameter of porous media to median particle diameter of injected particles (D/d50) and critical standard deviation value exist. The particle size range should be as small as possible in economical limits and the D/d50 value should be larger than the critical value. Our results can provide a good guide for the produced water pretreatment, which can improve oil recovery.
Use of the DBM Model to the Predict of Arrival of Coronal Mass Ejections to the Earth
Authors: Kaportseva K. B. , Shugay Yu. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the results of modeling coronal mass ejection (CME) propagation in 2010–2011 obtained using input data from different sources: CME catalogs SEEDS and CACTus, and predictions of the velocity of quasi-stationary solar wind fluxes, as an environment, through which CMEs propagate. As the model of quasi-stationary solar wind fluxes, the model for predicting the velocity of the solar wind of the Space Weather Forecast Center of the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University, operating online, is used. The CME prediction is carried out using the Simple Drag-Based Model. A comparison was performed between the ICME arrival time and their velocities obtained when modeling with data from the open ICME catalogs: the Richardson and Cane ICME catalog and the GMU CME List. Based on the comparison, it was concluded that a more accurate prediction for the growth phase of the 24th solar activity cycle was obtained using data on CME parameters from the CACTus database. The obtained errors in predicting the ICME parameters are comparable with the errors of other existing models.
Exploring patients’ perceptions and experiences of treatments for the prevention of variceal bleeding: a qualitative study
Authors: Poyner Chris , Tripathi Dhiraj , Mathers Jonathan 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe most common fatal complication of liver cirrhosis is haemorrhaging caused by variceal rupture. The prevention of the first variceal bleed is, therefore, an important clinical goal. Little is known about patients’ experience of treatments geared towards this, or of their perceptions of treatments prior to being exposed to them.AimsTo explore the factors impacting patient preference for, and actual experience of carvedilol and variceal band ligation.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 30 patients from across the UK at baseline, prior to random allocation to either carvedilol or variceal band ligation. Twenty patients were interviewed a second time at 6-month follow-up. Five patients who declined the trial were also interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThere was no clear preference for either treatment pathway at baseline. Key factors reported by patients to influence their treatment preference included: negative experiences with key treatment processes; how long-term or short-term treatment was perceived to be; treatment misconceptions; concerns around polypharmacy and worries around treatment adherence. Patient treatment experience was influenced by their perceptions of treatment effectiveness; clinical surveillance; clinician interaction and communication, or lack thereof. Carvedilol-specific experience was also influenced by the manifestation of side effects and patient dosage routine. Variceal band ligation-specific experience was positively influenced by the use of sedation, and negatively influenced by the procedure recovery period.ConclusionsThese data do not support a view that the patient experience of beta-blockade for prevention of variceal bleeds is likely to be superior to variceal band ligation.
Factors associated with treatment and control of hypertension among elderly adults in Shenzhen, China: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors: Ni Wenqing , Yuan Xueli , Zhang Jia , Li Ping , Zhang Hong Min , Zhang Yan , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveHypertension has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Data on hypertension management among Shenzhen elderly are sparse. Our study aims to investigate treated and controlled hypertension in Shenzhen elderly, and identify relevant predictors.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingCommunities in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.ParticipantsA cross-sectional study was conducted. We employed a convenience sampling method to select participants; 124 007 participants aged 65 years and older were recruited from January to December 2018 at local community health centres in Shenzhen.Main outcome measuresData on treatment, control and influencing factors of hypertension were obtained from a standard questionnaire, physical measurements and biochemical analyses.ResultsPrevalence of hypertension was 55.8% among the sample population. Among this group of hypertensive patients, those undergoing hypertension treatment and those with hypertension under control were 54.4% and 32.3%, respectively. Employing multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between treatment and older age, junior high school education and above (OR=1.25, p＜0.05), being widowed rather than being married or cohabiting (OR=1.28, p＜0.05), engaging in physical activity (OR=1.14, p＜0.05), ex-smoker (OR=1.19, p＜0.05), habitual drinker (OR=0.72, p＜0.05), history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR=2.20, p＜0.05) and comorbidities, with a higher probability for those with obesity (OR=1.89, p＜0.05), central obesity (OR=1.10, p＜0.05), diabetes (OR=1.49, p＜0.05) or dyslipidaemia (OR=1.20, p＜0.05). Male sex (OR=0.91, p＜0.05), junior high school education and above (OR=1.28, p＜0.05), engaging in physical activity (OR=1.06, p＜0.05), history of CVD (OR=1.82, p＜0.05) and individuals who had diabetes (OR=1.52, p＜0.05) or dyslipidaemia (OR=1.05, p＜0.05) were associated with increased likelihood of control. Aged 80 years and older (OR=0.93, p＜0.05), habitual drinker (OR=0.73, p＜0.05) and central obesity (OR=0.94, p＜0.05) were negatively associated with control of hypertension.ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of hypertension, but a low prevalence of treatment and control among Shenzhen elderly.
Cohort study of hospitalists’ procedural skills: baseline competence and durability after simulation-based training
Authors: Hale Caleb , Crocker Jonathan , Vanka Anita , Ricotta Daniel N , McSparron Jakob I , Huang Grace C 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesHospitalists are expected to be competent in performing bedside procedures, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A national decline in procedures performed by hospitalists has prompted questions about their procedural competency. Additionally, though simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) has been shown to be effective among trainees whether this approach has enduring benefits for independent practitioners who already have experience is unknown. We aimed to assess the baseline procedural skill of hospitalists already credentialed to perform procedures. We hypothesised that simulation-based training of hospitalists would result in durable skill gains after several months.DesignProspective cohort study with pretraining and post-training measurements.SettingSingle, large, urban academic medical centre in the USA.ParticipantsTwenty-two out of 38 eligible participants defined as hospitalists working on teaching services where they would supervise trainees performing procedures.InterventionsOne-on-one, 60 min SBML of lumbar puncture (LP) and abdominal paracentesis (AP).Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcome was the percentage of hospitalists obtaining minimum passing scores (MPS) on LP and AP checklists; our secondary outcomes were average checklist scores and self-reported confidence.ResultsAt baseline, only 16% hospitalists met or exceeded the MPS for LP and 32% for AP. Immediately after SBML, 100% of hospitalists reached this threshold. Reassessment an average of 7 months later revealed that only 40% of hospitalists achieved the MPS. Confidence increased initially after training but declined over time.ConclusionsHospitalists may be performing invasive bedside procedures without demonstration of adequate skill. A single evidence-based training intervention was insufficient to sustain skills for the majority of hospitalists over a short period of time. More stringent practices for certifying hospitalists who perform risky procedures are warranted, as well as mechanisms to support skill maintenance, such as periodic simulation-based training and assessment.
Effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality for improving knowledge and skills in medical students: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Hussain Zain , Ng Dominic Mark , Alnafisee Nouf , Sheikh Zakariya , Ng Nathan , Khan Ateeb , Hussain Amir , Aitken Debbie , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are increasingly being used in undergraduate medical education. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of VR and AR technologies for improving knowledge and skills in medical students.Methods and analysisUsing Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) collaboration guidelines, we will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), Education Resources Information Center, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for English-language records, from January 1990 to March 2021. Randomised trials that studied the use of VR or AR devices for teaching medical students will be included. Studies that assessed other healthcare professionals, or did not have a comparator group, will be excluded. The primary outcome measures relate to medical students’ knowledge and clinical skills. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and assess eligibility based on our prespecified eligibility criteria, and then extract data from each eligible study using a modified BEME coding form. Any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or, if necessary, the involvement of a third reviewer. The BEME Quality Indicators checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess the quality of the body of evidence. Where data are of sufficient homogeneity, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model will be conducted. Otherwise, a narrative synthesis approach will be taken and studies will be evaluated based on Kirkpatrick’s levels of educational outcomes and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review as no primary data are being collected. We will disseminate the findings of this review through scientific conferences and through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.