bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of TIG-Welded AA5052-H32 and AA5083-H111 Plate with ER 5356 Filler Rod
Authors: Martin Charles M. , Jayakumar K.S. , Antony Prabu D. , Ashok raj R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dissimilar TIG welding with a constant continuous current was performed on Non-heat treatable Al-Mg alloy plates with ER5356 Filler. These alloys are commonly utilized in the maritime, car, aviation, and chemical processing sectors for structural applications. The creation of porosities, cracking during solidifications, and coarsening of grains in Al-Mg alloys in fabricated TIG weld joints are all prevalent flaws caused by welding heat input supplied by the welding current provided. The Current was regulated from 150A- 180A while maintain a constant travel speed, resulting in a wide range of heat input. To observe the heat input’s force response to the mechanical properties of the joints, tensile tests and Micro Vickers hardness were performed. According to the findings, all of the instances had inferior mechanical properties than the basic alloy. It was observed that employing 170A gave the best mechanical attributes by removing welding faults and resulting in only a 13.5 percent reduction in strength.. At the fusion zone, the grains of specimens manufactured with 170A current are fine. The weld hardness is greatest for specimens fabricated with 170A current (72HV), and it is lowest for specimens fabricated with 150A current weld region (65HV). Microstructure examining at the broken surfaces of tensile specimens, using optical and scanning electron microscopes confirms the experimental findings.
Optimization on Edm Process Parameters of AA 8011 Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Kumar S. Senthil , Karthikeyan G , Panneer Selvam K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
AA8011 HMMCs are valued for their exceptional strength relative to weight, resistance to corrosion, and superior thermal conductivity. They are commonly employed in electronic heat sinks, durable kitchenware, aircraft structures, and automotive components such as brake discs and engine parts. In this research, AA8011/xwt.% Si3N4+ ZrO2 (5,10 and 15 wt.% ) HMMCs are fabricated by using squeeze casting technique. The fabricated AA8011 HMMCs are subjected to metallurgical testing and mechanical testing to study the metallurgical behavior and determine the mechanical properties respectively.EDM process parameters are optimized with for the best combination of AA8011/Si3N4 HMMCs by accounting the current (15, 20 and 25 A), voltage (20, 30 and 40 V) and pulse on (20, 25 and 30 µs) as input parameters and Material Removal Rate (MRR) as response parameters. The optimization is done by utilizing the Taguchi approach and L9 Orthogonal Array is employed for optimization.T he optimized EDM process parameters were higher level of current, medium level of voltage and higher level of pulse on for AA8011/7.5wt.%Si3N4/7.5wt.%ZrO2 HMMC.
Front-line Discoveries in TiO2-Coated Piston Engines and Kapok Oil Biodiesel with EGR Implementation
Authors: Selvam M , Muthu G , Suresh K , Anandaraman A , Harish K A , Jayaprakash Bharani Chandar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This groundbreaking research delves into the improved efficiency and Characteristic emissions of a ceramic-coated CRDI diesel engine with single cylinder, utilizing Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as the innovative coating material. The study explores the performance of both conventional diesel (D100) and kapok oil biodiesel (KOBD40) through extensive experiments conducted under varying load conditions. The application of a Plasma spray coating method to the piston reveals noteworthy outcomes. Comparative analysis between coated and non-coated pistons demonstrates a remarkable increase in brake thermal efficiency, coupled with a reduction in specific fuel consumption and overall emissions, except for NOX. While acknowledging the challenge of increased NOX emissions, the study proposes the mitigation strategy of adjusting exhaust gas recirculation into the engine combustion chamber, along with advanced fuel injection techniques. Importantly, the research highlights a significant advantage of thermal coating in mitigating thermal fatigue on engine components.
Development of mobile indoor flight test rig for VTOL UAV application.
Authors: Makhtar Siti Noormiza , Samsuddin Muhammad Danish Adha Mohd , Sani Fareisya Zulaikha Mohd , Nor Elya Mohd , Bohari Baizura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) significantly contribute to various industries, such as agriculture, geospatial mapping and logistic services. The flying condition of this type of drone is affected by various factors, such as wind disturbance and battery performance. It should be in stable condition to achieve full performance during operation. Flying condition monitoring ensures efficient, high-quality, and reliable operation. Prediction of flying health conditions will reduce catastrophic failures that may cause severe damage, prolonged downtime, harmful incidents, and loss due to higher repair costs and major maintenance services. The rising complexity of VTOL UAV maintenance mechanisms necessitates smart diagnosis and prediction systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of a mobile flight test rig for indoor monitoring VTOL UAV flying conditions using motion detection systems. The primary aim is to utilise motion signals captured from the monitoring setup to develop an intelligent VTOL UAV fault detection and identification system using machine learning algorithms. The emergence of machine learning techniques and signal processing methods exposed research opportunities for constructing high-accuracy learning algorithms for smart VTOL UAV flying health diagnoses. Comprehensive utilisation of massive flying data will increase the accuracy of the learning algorithm, significantly reducing unnecessary maintenance tasks and the high cost of corrective maintenance.
Investigation of Standard Test Condition Requirement in Establishing Alternative Measurement Platform for Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Amran Nik Fatin Qistina , Zulkifli Wan Nur Ainna Amirah Wan , Jaalam Norazila , Arith Faiz , Shah Ahmad Syahiman Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The output characteristics of any solar modules or solar cells are typically assessed according to the standard requirements known as Standard Test Conditions (STC). To meet the STC requirement before commercializing products, manufacturers must subject every fabricated solar cell or module to various tests. These tests include conducting current-voltage characteristics under specific conditions: a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m², a cell temperature of 25°C, and an air mass (AM) of 1.5. This study investigates this STC requirements for developing an alternative measurement platform for photovoltaic cells, specifically focusing on current-voltage characterization of solar cells. Utilizing calibrated photovoltaic cells, the optimal angles for Air Mass 1.0 and 1.5 was identified to be 48.2° and 41.8° respectively. Main methodology was segregated in three stages: first, correlating solar irradiance and illuminance under different light conditions, both outdoor and indoor; second, designing a system with a cooling device to stabilize cell temperature at 25°C; and third, developing a platform to meet AM 1.0 and 1.5 requirements. Results demonstrated varying irradiance outputs for sunlight, halogen lamps, and LED Grow Lights, with the latter achieving 810.2 W/m² under AM 1.5. The study also established optimal voltage and current settings for temperature stabilization, achieving 25°C in 3 minutes. Although the proposed solar simulator design did not reach the targeted 1000 W/m², it offers a feasible low-cost alternative for small-scale applications. The research underscores the technical viability of developing cost-effective solar simulators that meet STC requirements, despite challenges in achieving high irradiance levels with LEDs.
Assessment of Flexible Road Pavement Using the Pavement Condition Index Method on Road Sections in Sedayu-Pandak Province, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Authors: Rahmawati Anita , Widianti Anita , Widodo Wahyu , Ady Muhammad , Indri Rahmandhani F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Sedayu - Pandak road section is a part of the provincial road that connects the surrounding collector roads. This road is one of the provincial roads which is quite busy with two-wheeled, four-wheeled vehicles and even large trucks. This case can be seen on this road section which experienced some distress, which was caused by the increasing and varying vehicle axle loads and also occurred due to the increasing volume of vehicles. To support a good and accurate maintenance process, a ranking approach is needed to identify road performance which can later be used to predict future road conditions. This evaluation method is known as Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which is a method for evaluating road pavement conditions, and can be used as a benchmark for road maintenance work. There are several types of distress identified, these types of distress include Alligator-Crack, Block-Crack, Bumps and Sags, Depression, Edge Patching and Potholes. The dominant road distress is alligator cracking (60,23%). The pavement conditions value on the Sedayu - Pandak Province Road section STA 8+100 - STA 13+200 is classified as fair condition with an average PCI value of 55.22 with the highest value being 90 in excellent conditions and the lowest value is 6 in the failed condition. The predicted value for the remaining service life is 1 – 5 years.
Nano Silica Synthesis from Rice Husk Ash and Fly Ash: A review
Authors: Setiawati M , Saggaf A , Hasyim S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nanotechnology has been growing rapidly for the past decade. Nano Silica have also received much attention because of its great capability of thermal that can be used in various fields like chromatography, cosmetics, medicine, drugs, agriculture and optics. This paper then conducts literature review on the synthesis of nano silica materials from waste materials abundantly available such as fly ash and rice husk, especially using two popular synthesis methods namely sol-gel method and the alkali fusion method. In conclusion, despite utilizing waste materials, the results showed that those methods can produce nano silica with high-purity level. Additionally, compared to alkali fusion, the sol-gel method is considered better technique due to its simpler process, low-temperature need, and controllable morphology of nano silica. Therefore, sol gel method has been extensively applied to produce nano silica particle.
Damage Analysis Of Crank Pin Number 4 Sulzer 12 ZAV 40 S PLTD Ampenan Unit 7
Authors: Fhaizal Mohamad Agus , Faizun Ahmad , Wijaya Wisnu , Sani Winardi , Kristianti Lenny 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Crank Pin is a part of the Crank Shaft which functions as a place where the Connecting Rod is installed. The Crank Pin together with the Crank Shaft functions to change the up and down (translational) movement of the piston into rotational or rotary movement. The crankshaft is the main component in the diesel engine used by PLTD. Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) are a type of creator that’s still extensively used in Indonesia. The presence of cracks on the crankshaft surface can be a potential risk of engine damage or failure. Cracks on the crankshaft surface can be caused by operational failures such as lubrication failure, jammed bearings and overspeed. The characteristics of cracks resulting from operational failure are the direction of crack propagation parallel to the axis of the shaft and a high surface hardness value. Apart from being a result of operational failure, cracks in the crankshaft can be caused by material fatigue due to cyclic loading. There was a problem with Crank Pin number 4 of PLTD Ampenan Unit 7 which caused the unit to not operate. In this case the author carried out a series of observations and tests to determine the level of crank pin damage. From the test results, an analysis of the causes of the disturbance will be carried out and recommendations for actions that must be taken will be carried out.
Spatiotemporal air quality prediction using stochastic advection–diffusion model for multimodal data fusion
Authors: Choi Byeongseong , Hummel Michelle A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Particulate matter poses significant risks to respiratory and cardiovascular health. Monitoring ambient particulate matter concentrations can provide information on potential exposures and inform mitigation strategies, but ground-based measurements are sparse. Data fusion approaches that integrate data from multiple sources can complement existing observation networks and reveal insights that single-sensor data might miss to better manage pollutant exposure risks. However, data fusion approaches face multiple challenges, including incompatible measurement units, varying data resolutions, and differing levels of uncertainty. As a result, the optimal method for data fusion remains an open question. Here, we propose a probabilistic spatiotemporal model, based on the stochastic advection–diffusion (SAD) equation, as a data fusion method to process multimodal air quality data to predict hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We employ a variational inference method to calibrate the probabilistic model using ground-level observations and the numerical output of two simulation models. We then evaluate the prediction performance of our model for two scenarios: (1) incorporating simulation outputs and ground-level observations from sparse regulatory-grade stations and (2) using ground-level observations from both low-cost and regulatory-grade stations. For the first scenario, the data fusion method reduces prediction error by 14% compared to the nearest regulatory-grade air monitor located 20 km away. For the second scenario, error is reduced by 40% compared to the nearest regulatory-grade monitor and 11% compared to the nearest low-cost sensor located approximately 1 km away. The model captures 78% of observed data within a 75% confidence interval across both scenarios, demonstrating its ability to accurately represent uncertainty. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed SAD model can effectively integrate multimodal data to provide improved prediction of particulate matter concentrations at high spatial resolution. Model outputs can inform individual and community-level decision-making to mitigate air pollutant exposures.
A framework for modeling carbon loss from rivers following terrestrial enhanced weathering
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Reinhard Christopher T , Liu Shaoda , Kanzaki Yoshiki , Planavsky Noah J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Enhanced weathering (EW) has garnered increasing interest as a promising technique for durable carbon dioxide removal, with a range of potential co-benefits including increased soil pH and nutrient availability. However, the potential loss of initially captured CO2 during river transport remains poorly constrained, undermining the use of this practice as a carbon mitigation strategy. Here, we present results from a first-of-its-kind dynamic river network (DRN) model designed to quantify the impact of EW on river carbonate chemistry in North American watersheds. We map key water quality parameters using machine learning and use a DRN model to simulate changes in carbon degassing during EW. Our model predicts low carbon loss (<5%) from river networks for many of the river pathways explored here, but significantly higher (>15%) carbon degassing is also observed, indicating that riverine carbon storage and the impacts of EW on river chemistry must be evaluated in a deployment-specific or regional context.
Effect of Modified Montmorillonite on Polyethersulfone Nanocomposite Membranes
Authors: Hartini Wan Jusoh Hajjar , Shalihan Mohamed Nor , Ali Asmadi , Juahir Hafizan , Hannan Mohd Safari Nurul , Ibrahim Aminu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The effect of clay dosage of Tetrabutylammonium-Modified Montmorillonite (TBr MMT) and Tetrachloride-Modified Montmorillonite (TCl MMT) on physico-chemical properties, morphology, the permeation characteristics, and mechanical properties of the prepared membrane were investigated in detail. The presence of TBr MMT and TCl MMT in PES membrane were confirmed by FTIR analysis due to the presence of Si-O functional groups. Meanwhile, in XRD analysis, the optimum clay content in PES matrix revealed the highest degree of exfoliation in PES nanocomposite membrane. The addition of optimum clay loading at 0.8 wt% for TBr and 1.0 wt% TCl provided the highest degree of exfoliation in nanocomposite membrane. In comparison with other membranes, the perfect dispersion of nanoclays in PTBr-0.8 and PTCl-10 is responsible for the superior enhancement of final membrane properties in terms of thermal stability, mechanical stability, hydrophilicity and its porosity. Filtration performance results also revealed the greatest increment of pure water permeation after the addition of 0.8 wt% TBr MMT and 1.0 wt% TCl MMT in the membrane matrix.
Oral administration of astaxanthin mitigates chronological skin aging in mice
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Manabe Yuki , Sugawara Tatsuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intrinsic skin aging is a chronological decline in skin texture and function influenced largely by genetic factors. Aged skin exhibits morphological alterations, including wrinkling, dryness, and roughness, along with dysfunctional changes in the skin barrier. In this study, the in vivo anti-intrinsic aging efficacy of dietary astaxanthin extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis on the skin was evaluated using aged C57BL/6 J mice. As a result, dietary supplementation of 0.1% astaxanthin significantly alleviated the defects in skin’s water retention capacity, viscoelasticity, and reduced wrinkle formation induced by intrinsic aging. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that dietary astaxanthin was capable of mediating genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of skin cells, degradation of proteins in the extracellular matrix and dermal-epidermal junction, synthesis of natural moisturizing factors, and maintenance of skin barrier function. Together, our data indicate that dietary astaxanthin has potential applications as a novel ingredient in nutricosmetics against chronological skin aging.
Absorption of acylated anthocyanins from purple yam extract in rats
Authors: Moriya Chiemi , Hosoya Takahiro , Sakakibara Hiroyuki , Shimoi Kayoko , Kumazawa Shigenori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purple yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is a tuber widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. We previously isolated several acylated anthocyanins from purple yam. In this study, purple yam extract was orally administered to rats and the absorption of the constituent anthocyanins was investigated. Acylated anthocyanins were detected in the plasma, confirming that they were absorbed into the body as their intact forms. The time required to reach the maximum anthocyanin concentration was 15 min, indicating rapid absorption into the blood. In addition, more than half of the total amount of anthocyanins excreted into the urine was excreted within the first 6 h after administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of characteristic acylated anthocyanins from purple yam in rat plasma and urine after oral administration.
Fatty acids from cheese stimulate cholesterol efflux by ATP-binding cassette transporters
Authors: Matsuo Michinori , Takaoka Shiho , Nakayama Kai , Nagira Akika , Goto Hirofumi , Nakajima Akihiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is essential to remove cholesterol from the body to suppress atherosclerosis progression. ABCA1 and ABCG1 transport cholesterol in peripheral cells, including macrophages, and function in the formation of high-density lipoprotein. ABCG5/ABCG8 functions in the efflux of cholesterol from the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of Camembert cheese extracts and ingredients on cholesterol transport via ABC transporters. Camembert cheese extracts were added to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressing ABCA1, ABCG1, or ABCG5/ABCG8, and THP-1 cells expressing ABCA1 and ABCG1. Organic solvent extracts of Camembert cheese increased cholesterol efflux in THP-1 and BHK cells expressing ABCA1 or ABCG5/ABCG8. After fractionation of the extracts, palmitoleic acid was found to increase cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 and ABCG5/ABCG8, whereas 10-hydroxypalmitic acid increased it by ABCA1 and ABCG1. It is suggested that palmitoleic acid and 10-hydroxypalmitic acid in Camembert cheese may prevent the accumulation of excess cholesterol in cells by stimulating ABC transporters.
Anaerobic plasmalogen production in recombinant Escherichia coli carrying plasmalogen synthase gene from Selenomonas ruminantium
Authors: Yoshii Naoki , Higuchi Keita , Onodera Tomoko , Abe Naoki , Kaneko Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Escherichia coli expressing SrPlsAR from Selenomonas ruminantium produces plasmalogen, comprising almost 60% of the total phospholipid content under anaerobic conditions. Both plasmenylethanolamine and plasmenylglycerol were detected, and the major acyl aldehyde derived from sn-1 vinyl ether was C16:1. Plasmalogen synthesis is affected by mutations in ATP-binding sites and Cys is expected to be involved in the formation of the [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Complications of transvenous lead extraction—focus on tricuspid valve damage: a case report
Authors: Jargieło Anna , Sterliński Maciej , Oręziak Artur , Pracoń Radosław , Kołsut Piotr 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has become an essential component of lead management strategies, but it carries the risk of severe complications, including damage to the tricuspid valve. Currently, there are no established predictors that can help prevent these complications.

Case summary
An 84-year-old male with a dual-chamber pacemaker was admitted to the hospital due to a pocket fistula resulting from a local infection. Approximately 1 year prior, he underwent the implantation of a new ventricular lead and pacemaker replacement due to lead damage and battery depletion. Another lead had been abandoned. The patient underwent a procedure to remove the entire pacing system, which was complicated by tricuspid leaflet avulsion, resulting in acute and severe tricuspid regurgitation. A biological valve was successfully implanted to replace the damaged valve. Twenty days later, a new pacing system was implanted, which included one atrial lead and another positioned in the posterolateral coronary vein of the left ventricle. Post-procedural transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed the biological valve in place at the tricuspid orifice, with no regurgitation and preserved ejection fraction. Following recovery, the patient was discharged in good condition.

Discussion
While pre-procedural TTE and intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography are commonly used to identify lead-induced tricuspid insufficiency, they often do not clarify the underlying mechanisms or predict potential complications during TLE. To address this issue safely, further research into new imaging techniques is necessary, as some existing methods may not be adequate in certain situations.