bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Alveolar and Systemic Oxygenation during Preterm Resuscitation with 100% Oxygen during Delayed Cord Clamping
Authors: Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Vali Payam , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Rich Wade , Katheria Anup 
Published: June 2021

Objective Delayed cord clamping (DCC) and 21 to 30% O2 resuscitation is recommended for preterm infants but is commonly associated with low pulmonary blood flow (Qp) and hypoxia. 100% O2 supplementation during DCC for 60 seconds followed by 30% O2 may increase Qp and oxygen saturation (SpO2).
Study Design Preterm lambs (125–127 days of gestation) were resuscitated with 100% O2 with immediate cord clamping (ICC, n = 7) or ICC + 30% O2, and titrated to target SpO2 (n = 7) or DCC + 100% O2 for 60 seconds, which followed by cord clamping and 30% O2 titration (n = 7). Seven preterm (23–27 weeks of gestation) human infants received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) + 100% O2 for 60 seconds during DCC, cord clamping, and 30% O2 supplementation after cord clamping.
Results Preterm lambs in the ICC + 100% O2 group resulted in PaO2 (77 ± 25 mm Hg), SpO2 (77 ± 11%), and Qp (27 ± 9 mL/kg/min) at 60 seconds. ICC + 30% O2 led to low Qp (14 ± 3 mL/kg/min), low SpO2 (43 ± 26%), and PaO2 (19 ± 7 mm Hg). DCC + 100% O2 led to similar Qp (28 ± 6 mL/kg/min) as ICC + 100% O2 with lower PaO2. In human infants, DCC + CPAP with 100% O2 for 60 seconds, which followed by weaning to 30% resulted in SpO2 of 92 ± 11% with all infants >80% at 5 minutes with 100% survival without severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
Conclusion DCC + 100% O2 for 60 seconds increased Qp probably due to transient alveolar hyperoxia with systemic normoxia due to “dilution” by umbilical venous return. Larger translational and clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Key Points
Noise investigation of an electrostatic accelerometer by a high-voltage levitation method combined with a translation–tilt compensation pendulum bench
Authors: Hu Shuang , Pei Shixun , Hu Ming , Bai Yanzheng , Li Hongyin , Liu Li , Yang Boxiang , Wu Shuchao , Zhou Zebing 
Published: June 2021

A high precision electrostatic accelerometer has widely been employed to measure gravity gradients and detect gravitational waves in space. The high-voltage levitation method is one of the solutions for testing electrostatic accelerometers on the ground, which aims at simultaneously detecting all six-degree-of-freedom movements of the electrostatic accelerometers engineering and flight prototypes. However, the noise performance in the high-voltage levitation test is mainly limited by seismic noise. The combined test of the accelerometer and vibration isolation platform is adopted to improve the detection precision of the high-voltage levitation method. In this paper, a high precision electrostatic accelerometer prototype is developed after designed appropriate mechanical parameters with a test mass weighing 300 g and with an estimated resolution of 2 × 10−12 m/s2/Hz1/2 from 0.01 to 0.4 Hz. Such a prototype is tested by the high-voltage levitation method, its measurement noise on the ground is mainly limited by the seismic noise, which is about 5 × 10−7 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz and about 4 × 10−8 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.1 Hz. A vibration isolation pendulum bench based on the translation–tilt compensation principle is adopted for accelerometer prototype combined tests to suppress the seismic noise, which has a large bench area and the ability to adjust the tilt angle precisely. The measured accelerometer noise of the combined test with the translation–tilt compensation pendulum has reached 3 × 10−9 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz, and it is about two orders of magnitude lower than the measurement noise on the ground. The combined test method provides technical guidance for further improving the noise level of ground test in the future.
Development of dual-mode precision current source for macro–microcomposite actuator based on field programmable gate array
Authors: Wang Chuanli , Xiong Meijun , Yu Caofeng , Sun Xiaoxiang , Shi Rui , Wang Yu , Chen Zhuo 
Published: June 2021

To meet the requirements of variable input current forms, microstep adjustment, low error coefficient, high output linearity, and the low ripple of macro–microcomposite actuators developed by combining voice coil motors and a giant magnetostrictive actuator, in this study, a design scheme of dual-mode precise programmable current sources based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) was proposed. First, according to the working principle and control characteristics of macro–microcomposite drivers, an overall circuit system model of a driving power supply was established. Second, based on the circuit operational amplifier principle, an output current equation of the power supply was obtained, and a current switching circuit and a dual-mode current sampling circuit were designed. Finally, an FPGA was used as the current control core, and an incremental PI algorithm was introduced to compensate for the current feedback. The experimental results showed that the precision current source can output two current modes (positive current 0–5 A and positive and negative current −5 to 5 A) under the FPGA control. The average current error coefficient of the output in the two current output modes was ε ≦ 0.006, the maximum nonlinearity was ηmax ≦ 0.005, and the error between the current adjusting step value and the preset value was less than 1%.
An exact a posteriori correction for hydrogen bond population correlation functions and other reversible geminate recombinations obtained from simulations with periodic boundary conditions. Liquid water as a test case
Authors: Busch Johanna , Neumann Jan , Paschek Dietmar 
Published: June 2021

The kinetics of breaking and re-formation of hydrogen bonds (HBs) in liquid water is a prototype of reversible geminate recombination. HB population correlation functions (HBPCFs) are a means to study the HB kinetics. The long-time limiting behavior of HBPCFs is controlled by translatoric diffusion and shows a t−3/2 time-dependence, which can be described by analytical expressions based on the HB acceptor density and the donor–acceptor inter-diffusion coefficient. If the trajectories are not properly “unwrapped,” the presence of periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) can perturb this long-time limiting behavior. Keeping the trajectories “wrapped,” however, allows for a more efficient calculation of HBPCFs. We discuss the consequences of PBCs in combination with “wrapped” trajectories following from the approximations according to Luzar–Chandler and according to Starr, each deviating in a different fashion from the true long-time limiting behavior, but enveloping the unperturbed function. A simple expression is given for estimating the maximum time up to which the computed HBPCFs reliably describe the long-time limiting behavior. In addition, an exact a posteriori correction for systems with PBCs for “wrapped” trajectories is derived, which can be easily computed and which is able to fully recover the true t−3/2 long-time behavior. For comparison, HBPCFs are computed from MD simulations of TIP4P/2005 model water for varying system sizes and temperatures of 273 and 298 K using this newly introduced correction. Implications for the computations of HB lifetimes and the effect of the system-size are discussed.
Differential immune imprinting by influenza virus vaccination and infection in nonhuman primates
Authors: McCarthy Kevin R. , Von Holle Tarra A. , Sutherland Laura L. , Oguin Thomas H. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Harrison Stephen C. , Moody M. Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Immune memory causes the earliest infection by influenza virus to impart a lasting imprint on an individual’s response to later influenza infections or vaccinations. Until recently, that first exposure was always an infection. In the United States and Europe, many infants and toddlers now receive an influenza vaccine before they experience an infection. Because we have little information about immune imprinting by initial exposure to a vaccine, we have studied, in a nonhuman-primate model, how the mode of initial exposure affects primary and secondary antibody responses. Vaccination with influenza hemaglutinnin (HA) protein and infection with a strain bearing the same HA appear to leave distinct imprints—a difference, if confirmed in humans, relevant for next-generation influenza vaccine design.
Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Youngia japonica is a cosmopolitan herb that often grows as an agricultural and environmental weed. Native to temperate and tropical Asia and Australia, it has been introduced in Africa, the Canary Islands, the Americas and many Pacific Islands. It is commonly found in disturbed areas, wastelands, roadsides, abandoned pastures, lawns, cultivated fields and forest margins, but it is also able to penetrate into intact or minimally-disturbed natural areas. This species is a prolific seed producer and its seeds can be easily dispersed by wind and water or as contaminant in soil or crop and grass seeds. Y. japonica is adapted to grow in a wide range of climates and substrates and once it reaches a new area, it grows and spreads very quickly as new seeds are produced copiously.
Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (cucurbit aphid-borne yellows).
Authors: Lecoq Hervé , Desbiez Cécile , Schoeny Alexandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was first isolated in southern France in 1988. It causes, mostly in cucurbits, more or less severe yellowing diseases according to the season and cultivar. CABYV infects several weed species and is readily transmitted in a persistent manner by ubiquitous aphids that provide an efficient means of invasiveness worldwide. Symptoms of CABYV are similar to other biotic or abiotic disorders and dating first occurrences of the virus was difficult until appropriate diagnostic methods were developed. There is evidence that CABYV is becoming more frequent in areas where it was reported earlier (France, Spain and parts of Asia) and that it might have been recently introduced into new areas (Northern Europe, South America). Therefore, CABYV may be considered as potentially invasive both in places where it has not yet been reported and where it is already present. CABYV is not regulated or on an alert list.
Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium.
Authors: Quaglino Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are wall-less parasitic bacteria living exclusively in plant phloem as consequence of transmission by sap-sucking insect vectors (Lee et al., 2000); they have been associated with several hundred plant diseases. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (CaPphoe), subgroup 16SrIX-B, is the aetiological agent of almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), a severe disease affecting almond, peach and nectarine trees in Lebanon and Iran. The first epidemics of AlmWB occurred in almond trees in Lebanon in the early 1990s and in Iran in 1995. In Lebanon, the disease rapidly spread from coastal to high mountainous areas, killing almost 150,000 trees over a period of 15 years. CaPphoe was first added to the EPPO Alert List in 2001 and removed from the list in 2006. The more recent rapid spread of CaPphoe in peach and nectarine orchards and in other plant hosts, along with the identification of efficient insect vectors, increased the alarm about the risk it poses for stone fruit production in the Middle East and in all the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Thus it was re-inserted in the EPPO Alert List in 2015.
Cotton leaf curl disease complex (leaf curl disease of cotton).
Authors: Brown Judith K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Leaf curl disease of cotton caused by the CLCuD-complex of begomoviruses is endemic to Pakistan and India and perhaps other nearby locales in south Asia. It has been introduced from there to China and the Philippines on ornamental plants, from where it has spread to infect cotton and okra in China. Losses are difficult to assess, but early estimates (pre-1990) range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season and/or with highly susceptible cultivars Viruliferous whiteflies on infested/infected plants harbouring CLCuD-begomoviruses imported to other cotton-growing countries, in particular, are of concern in preventing introduction under optimal circumstances. No seed transmission is known to occur.
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.
Authors: Webster Craig , Jones Roger 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

CGMMV is a species of virus in the genus Tobamovirus, which was first described in 1935 in England. Between 1935 and 1985 it spread slowly to other countries, but faster between 1986 and 2006, and rapidly between 2007 and 2018. It now occurs on all continents except South America. In cucurbits, it causes a damaging disease that reduces fruit yields and quality and spreads efficiently by plant-to-plant contact transmission. Outbreaks occur in many cucurbit crops including vegetables and fruits (e.g. squash and melons). CGMMV seed transmission occurs in at least nine different cucurbit crop species and this is the main way the virus has spread worldwide. Importation of contaminated seeds constitutes a considerable biosecurity concern for counties still without CGMMV. Its high stability and its persistence in contaminated plant material and soil allow it to survive between growing seasons, making eradication difficult.
Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (bacterial leaf streak of corn).
Authors: Triplett Lindsay , Patel Ravikumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is a bacterial pathogen that causes both bacterial leaf streak of maize and sugarcane gumming disease. After decades limited to South Africa, bacterial leaf streak of maize spread rapidly through maize-growing areas of Argentina, Brazil and the USA since 2014. The origin, method and biological underpinnings of this sudden spread are not well understood but are the subject of active research. Effective control methods remain elusive, but sanitation and crop debris management may limit the disease. Yield impact data are not yet available, but lesions may become severe enough to limit plant productivity in some varieties. The pathogen is not currently considered a quarantine threat by the USDA, EPPO or IPPC. Taxonomic Tree Top of page Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Xanthomonadales Family: Xanthomonadaceae Genus: Xanthomonas Species: Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page The taxonomic nomenclature of the pathogen has undergone several changes and is still being resolved at the time of this report. The Xanthomonas clade causing.
The longhorn beetle
Jebusaea hammerschmidtii
Reiche (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): an old serious pest undermining date palm plantations
Authors: El-Shafie Hamadttu A.F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The longhorn date palm stem borer,
Jebusaea hammerschmidtii
Reiche has become an important pest that causes economic damage in date palm groves. The beetle has established itself in many date palm-producing countries as one of the most important biotic factors that threatens date palm cultivation and genetic diversity. The larvae of the longhorn stem borer, the destructive stage, are endophytic developing inside the date palm tissues. This article consolidates the scant literature on the beetle biology, ecology, economic impact, possible field management measures, and future research priorities.
Modeling and measurement of energetic particle slowing down in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Lazerson Samuel A. , Pfefferlé David , Drevlak Michael , Smith Håkan , Geiger Joachim , Äkäslompolo Simppa , Xanthopoulos Pavlos , Dinklage Andreas , Ford Oliver , McNeely Paul , Rust Norbert , Bozhenkov Sergey , Hartmann Dirk , Rahbarnia Kian , Andreeva Tamara , Schilling Jonathan , Brandt Christian , Neuner Ulrich , Thomsen Henning , Wolf Robert C. , W7-X Team The 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The energetic particle slowing down model in the BEAMS3D stellarator neutral beam code is compared to analytic models and experimental data from the Wendelstein 7-X experiment (W7-X). Recently, the first neutral beam experiments were performed in W7-X, providing validation of neutral beam deposition codes (Lazerson S.A. et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion
60 076020). This work builds upon that work, and follows the gyro-center orbits of the neutral-beam-generated fast ions to the plasma boundary. Slowing down times based on measurements of diamagnetic energy changes are compared to simulation data. A discharge solely heated by neutral beam injection is used to compare neoclassical heat flux estimates to neutral beam fueling, heating, and current drive. Experimental estimates of electron heat diffusivity suggest that electron turbulence is destabilized by density peaking in the discharge. Neutral beam current drive dominates over bootstrap current, resulting in a reversal of the toroidal current, as seen experimentally. Particle losses and heat flux through the equilibrium boundary are described. The effects of the magnetic configuration and plasma density on such parameters are also assessed. Benchmarking based on analytic estimates and other energetic particle codes is presented.
3D-aCortex: an ultra-compact energy-efficient neurocomputing platform based on commercial 3D-NAND flash memories
Authors: Bavandpour Mohammad , Sahay Shubham , Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Strukov Dmitri B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We first propose an ultra-compact energy-efficient time-domain vector-by-matrix multiplier (VMM) based on commercial 3D-NAND flash memory structure. The proposed 3D-VMM uses a novel resistive successive integrate and re-scaling (RSIR) scheme to eliminate the stringent requirement of a bulky load capacitor which otherwise dominates the area- and energy-landscape of the conventional time-domain VMMs. Our rigorous analysis, performed at the 55 nm technology node, shows that RSIR-3D-VMM achieves a record-breaking area efficiency of ∼0.02 μm2/Byte and the energy efficiency of ∼6 f J/Op for a 500 × 500 4-bit VMM, representing 5× and 1.3× improvements over the previously reported 3D-VMM approach. Moreover, unlike the previous approach, the proposed VMM can be efficiently tailored to work in a smaller current output range. Our second major contribution is the development of 3D-aCortex, a multi-purpose neuromorphic inference processor that utilizes the proposed 3D-VMM block as its core processing unit. Rigorous performance modeling of the 3D-aCortex targeting several state-of-the-art neural network benchmarks has shown that it may provide a record-breaking 30.7 MB mm−2 storage efficiency, 113.3 TOp/J peak energy efficiency, and 10.66 TOp/s computational throughput. The system-level analysis indicates that the gain in the area-efficiency of RSIR leads to a smaller data transfer delay, which compensates for the reduction in the VMM throughput due to an increased input time window.
Metabolomic analysis reveals reliance on secondary plant metabolites to facilitate carnivory in the Cape sundew,Drosera capensis
Authors: Hatcher Christopher R , Sommer Ulf , Heaney Liam M , Millett Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsSecondary metabolites are integral to multiple key plant processes (growth regulation, pollinator attraction and interactions with conspecifics, competitors and symbionts) yet their role in plant adaptation remains an underexplored area of research. Carnivorous plants use secondary metabolites to acquire nutrients from prey, but the extent of the role of secondary metabolites in plant carnivory is not known. We aimed to determine the extent of the role of secondary metabolites in facilitating carnivory of the Cape sundew, Drosera capensis.MethodsWe conducted metabolomic analysis of 72 plants in a time-series experiment before and after simulated prey capture. We used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) and the retention time index to identify compounds in the leaf trap tissue that changed up to 72 h following simulated prey capture. We identified associated metabolic pathways, and cross-compared these compounds with metabolites previously known to be involved in carnivorous plants across taxa.Key ResultsFor the first time in a carnivorous plant, we have profiled the whole-leaf metabolome response to prey capture. Reliance on secondary plant metabolites was higher than previously thought – 2383 out of 3257 compounds in fed leaves had statistically significant concentration changes in comparison with unfed controls. Of these, ~34 compounds are also associated with carnivory in other species; 11 are unique to Nepenthales. At least 20 compounds had 10-fold changes in concentration, 12 of which had 30-fold changes and are typically associated with defence or attraction in non-carnivorous plants.ConclusionsSecondary plant metabolites are utilized in plant carnivory to an extent greater than previously thought – we found a whole-metabolome response to prey capture. Plant carnivory, at the metabolic level, likely evolved from at least two distinct functions: attraction and defence. Findings of this study support the hypothesis that secondary metabolites play an important role in plant diversification and adaptation to new environments.
Foveal blur-boosted segmentation of nuclei in histopathology images with shape prior knowledge and probability map constraints
Authors: Duanmu Hongyi , Wang Fusheng , Teodoro George , Kong Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivationIn most tissue-based biomedical research, the lack of sufficient pathology training images with well-annotated ground truth inevitably limits the performance of deep learning systems. In this study, we propose a convolutional neural network with foveal blur enriching datasets with multiple local nuclei regions of interest derived from original pathology images. We further propose a human-knowledge boosted deep learning system by inclusion to the convolutional neural network new loss function terms capturing shape prior knowledge and imposing smoothness constraints on the predicted probability maps.ResultsOur proposed system outperforms all state-of-the-art deep learning and non-deep learning methods by Jaccard coefficient, Dice coefficient, Accuracy and Panoptic Quality in three independent datasets. The high segmentation accuracy and execution speed suggest its promising potential for automating histopathology nuclei segmentation in biomedical research and clinical settings.Availability and implementationThe codes, the documentation and example data are available on an open source at: https://github.com/HongyiDuanmu26/FovealBoosted.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.