bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of High Preprocedural Anxiety and Venipuncture Pain Experienced by Young Children
Authors: Lunoe Maren M. , Bolin Ashley E. , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: April 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine if young children with high preprocedural anxiety experience increased pain at venipuncture.

Methods
This was secondary analysis of prospectively obtained data from a randomized controlled trial comparing vapocoolant spray with jet-injected lidocaine for venipuncture pain. Children aged 1 to 6 years were enrolled and videotaped. Videos were reviewed and scored for anxiety using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale score for preprocedural anxiety (score range, 23–100). High anxiety was defined as greater than 40. Pain at the time of venipuncture was scored using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (score range 0–10). Moderate to severe pain was defined as greater than 3. Logistic regression assessed patient factors associated with high preprocedural anxiety and evaluated the relationship between preprocedural anxiety and pain during venipuncture.

Results
Two hundred five patients were enrolled; 59.5% of patients were male, and 53.7% were White. Mean age was 3.2 years. Prior to the procedure, 67% of patients had high anxiety. Patient age, race, sex, and previous venipuncture were not associated with increased odds of high anxiety. Moderate to severe pain at venipuncture was observed in 65% of children. High preprocedural anxiety was associated with increased odds of moderate to severe pain at venipuncture when controlled for patient characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 4.62; 95% confidence interval, 2.03–8.54).

Conclusions
Most young children undergoing venipuncture experienced high preprocedural anxiety. Children with high preprocedural anxiety had increased odds of moderate to severe pain at venipuncture. Anxiety-reducing interventions should be explored to reduce pain experienced during venipuncture.
Burnout in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians
Authors: Kondrich Janienne E. , Han Reintine , Clark Sunday , Platt Shari L. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
This study aims to determine the prevalence of and identify predictors associated with burnout in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians and to construct a predictive model for burnout in this population to stratify risk.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey study among a random sample of board-certified or board-eligible PEM physicians throughout the United States and Canada. Our primary outcome was burnout assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory on 3 subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. We defined burnout as scoring in the high-degree range on any 1 of the 3 subscales. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was followed by questions on personal demographics and work environment. We compared PEM physicians with and without burnout using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
We studied a total of 416 PEM board-certified/eligible physicians (61.3% women; mean age, 45.3 ± 8.8 years). Surveys were initiated by 445 of 749 survey recipients (59.4% response rate). Burnout prevalence measured 49.5% (206/416) in the study cohort, with 34.9% (145/416) of participants scoring in the high-degree range for emotional exhaustion, 33.9% (141/416) for depersonalization, and 20% (83/416) for personal accomplishment. A multivariable model identified 6 independent predictors associated with burnout: 1) lack of appreciation from patients, 2) lack of appreciation from supervisors, 3) perception of an unfair clinical work schedule, 4) dissatisfaction with promotion opportunities, 5) feeling that the electronic medical record detracts from patient care, and 6) working in a nonacademic setting (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.77). A predictive model demonstrated that physicians with 5 or 6 predictors had an 81% probability of having burnout, whereas those with zero predictors had a 28% probability of burnout.

Conclusions
Burnout is prevalent in PEM physicians. We identified 6 independent predictors for burnout and constructed a scoring system that stratifies probability of burnout. This predictive model may be used to guide organizational strategies that mitigate burnout and improve physician well-being.
COVID-19 Presentation in an Acute Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Khaliq Fareea , Ratnasingam Denesh , Bush-Arnold Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injuries lead to impairment of the central regulation of respiratory muscle activity. This impairs the cough response, which can increase the risk of complications if infected with coronavirus disease 2019. This case describes a 32-yr-old man with an acute traumatic motor incomplete spinal cord injury, C4 American Spinal cord Injury Association Impairment Scale D D, in an inpatient rehabilitation facility who presented with only a fever. Initial infectious workup was negative, and he continued to have elevated temperatures with no other symptoms. He was then tested for coronavirus disease 2019 and found to be positive. This is the first documented case that identifies this potentially lethal disease in an acute motor incomplete spinal cord injury in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. We further discuss how physiatrists need to be aware of milder presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with spinal cord injuries. Inability to recognize this disease can lead to delayed diagnosis and asymptomatic spread in an inpatient rehabilitation setting.
Rapid elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia by unilateral transection of the mental nerve in mice
Authors: Yamazaki Maiko , Tsurumaki Tatsuru , Yamada Yurie , Maeda Takeyasu , Seo Kenji 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Previous spinal nerve injury studies have reported brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA upregulation in either the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons or both the contralateral and ipsilateral DRG neurons from early period after peripheral nerve injury. This BDNF elevation induces hyperalgesia in the injured and/or uninjured sites, but this detailed mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the BDNF mRNA expression in bilateral DRG neurons caused by unilateral nerve injury and to explore the possible mechanisms by which nitric oxide (NO) mediates BDNF production in the DRG, resulting in contralateral hyperalgesia.

Methods
Early changes in BDNF mRNA expression in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia, within 1 day after mental nerve transection, were examined. Additionally, the effects on BDNF production of the NO synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were investigated in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia. The relationship between injured neurons and BDNF production in the trigeminal ganglia was then assessed using immunohistochemical and retrograde tracing methods.

Results
Reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that unilateral transection of the mental nerve induced a rapid elevation of BDNF mRNA expression, which was inhibited by the intracerebroventricular administration of L-NAME prior to nerve transection. This effect was observed in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides to the nerve transection. BDNF immunostaining combined with FluoroGold retrograde tracing revealed two types of BDNF-reactive neurons, FluoroGold-labelled and non-FluoroGold-labelled neurons, in the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the trigeminal ganglia. BDNF-positive cells were also observed in the trigeminal ganglia of other trigeminal nerve branches.

Conclusions
Unilateral nerve injury upregulates BDNF production in the bilateral trigeminal ganglia by NO-mediated and/or indirect activation of afferent neurons, resulting in contralateral hyperalgesia.
Prospective evaluation of ID NOW COVID-19 assay used as point-of-care test in an Emergency Department
Authors: Nguyen Van Jean-Claude , Gerlier Camille , Pilmis Benoît , Mizrahi Assaf , Péan de Ponfilly Gauthier , Khaterchi Amir , Enouf Vincent , Ganansia Olivier , Le Monnier Alban 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid testing for COVID-19 has been clearly identified as an essential component of the strategy to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, worldwide. The ID NOW COVID-19 assay is a simple, user-friendly, rapid molecular biology test based on nicking and extension amplification reaction (NEAR).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ID NOW COVID-19 assay when used as a point-of-care test (POCT) in our Emergency Department (ED).Type of studyThis prospective study enrolled 395 consecutive patients; paired nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each study participant. The first swab was tested with the ID NOW COVID-19 assay at the point-of-care by ED nurses. The second swab was diluted in viral transport medium (VTM) and sent to the clinical microbiology department for analysis by both the RT-PCR Simplexa test COVID-19 Direct assay as the study reference method, and the ID NOW COVID-19 assay performed in the laboratory.ResultsNasopharyngeal swabs directly tested with the ID NOW COVID-19 assay yielded a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 98.0%, 97.5%, 96.2% and 98.7%, respectively, in comparison with the RT-PCR study reference assay. When the ID NOW COVID-19 assay was performed in the laboratory using the VTM samples, the sensitivity decreased to 62.5% and the NPV to 79.7%. Three false negative test results were reported with the ID NOW COVID-19 assay when performed using undiluted swabs directly in the ED; these results were obtained from patients with elevated CT values (>30).ConclusionWe demonstrated that the ID NOW COVID-19 assay, performed as a point of care test in the ED using dry swabs, provides a rapid and reliable alternative to laboratory-based RT-PCR methods
Food Insecurity in Households of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vasudevan Vijay , Karpur Arun , Shih Andy , Frazier Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore differences in food insecurity for individuals and families of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic by individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics.MethodsWe surveyed a convenience sample of households of people with ASD. We calculated food insecurity using items from the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey..ResultsOver half of all respondents reported being food insecure (51.8%). Respondents who reported being food insecure were more likely to be minority, have a high school education or less, be on public insurance or uninsured, live in urban/rural communities, and say that their community is not supportive. The majority of respondents did not get free food or groceries (53.2%). Food insecure respondents who got free food was most likely to get them from schools (34.2%).ConclusionThis is the first study of its kind to explore food security in households of people with ASD. The pandemic has exacerbated existing neighborhood disparities. The federal response to food insecurity caused by the pandemic needs to be further explored especially for preferred and medically necessary foods for people with ASD.
Thyroid dysfunction diagnosis from routine laboratory tests based on machine learning
Authors: Hu Min , Asami Chikashi , Iwakura Hiroshi , Nakajima Yasuyo , Sema Ryousuke , Kikuchi Tsuyoshi , Miyata Tsuyoshi , Sakamaki Koji , Kudo Takumi , Yamada Masanobu , Akamizu Takashi , Sakakibara Yasubumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractApproximately 2.4 million patients in Japan need treatment for thyroid disease, including Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s disease. However, only 450,000 of them are receiving treatment, and many patients with thyroid dysfunction remain largely overlooked. In this retrospective study, we aimed to screen patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism who would greatly benefit from prompt medical treatment. We examined routine laboratory finding data and machine learning algorithms to investigate whether such accurate and robust screening is possible to prevent overlooking and misdiagnosing thyroid dysfunction. We succeeded in developing a machine learning method to construct a classification model for detecting hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in patients using 11 routine laboratory tests. We collected electronic health records and medical checkup data from four hospitals in Japan. As a result of cross-validation and external evaluation, we achieved a high classification accuracy for the hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism models.
Functional amyloids in the microbiomes of a rat Parkinson’s disease model and wild-type rats
Authors: Christensen Line Friis Bakmann , Alijanvand Saeid Hadi , Burdukiewicz Michał , Herbst Florian-Alexander , Kjeldal Henrik , Dueholm Morten Simonsen , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCross-seeding between amyloidogenic proteins in the gut is receiving increasing attention as a possible mechanism for initiation or acceleration of amyloid formation by aggregation-prone proteins such as αSN, which is central in the development of Parkinson’s disease. This is particularly pertinent in view of the growing number of functional (i.e.benign and useful) amyloid proteins discovered in bacteria. Here we identify two functional amyloid proteins, Pr12 and Pr17, in fecal matter from Parkinson’s disease transgenic rats and their wild type counterparts, based on their stability against dissolution by formic acid. Both proteins show robust aggregation into ThT-positive aggregates that contain higher-order β-sheets and have a fibrillar morphology, indicative of amyloid proteins. In addition, Pr17 aggregates formedin vitroshowed significant resistance against formic acid, suggesting an ability to form highly stable amyloid. Treatment with proteinase K revealed a protected core of approx. 9 kDa. Neither Pr12 nor Pr17, however, affected αSN aggregationin vitro. Thus, amyloidogenicity does notper selead to an ability to cross-seed fibrillation of αSN. Our results support the use of proteomics and formic acid to identify amyloid protein in complex mixtures and indicates the existence of numerous functional amyloid proteins in microbiomes.IMPORTANCEThe bacterial microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract is increasingly seen as important for human health and disease. One area of particular interest is that of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s which involve pathological aggregation into amyloid of human proteins such as α- synuclein (αSN). Bacteria are known to form benign or functional amyloid, some of which may initiate unwanted aggregation ofe.g.αSN in the enteric nervous system through cross-seeding via contact with the microbiome. Here we show that the rat microbiome contains several proteins which form this type of amyloid aggregate bothin vivoandin vitro. Although the two proteins we investigate in depth do not directly promote αSN aggregation, our work shows that the microbiome potentially harbors a significant number of bacterial amyloid which could play a role in human physiology at various levels.
Rapid, Affordable and Scalable SARS-CoV-2 Detection from Saliva
Authors: Hayden Andrew , Kuentzel Marcy , Chittur Sridar V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere we present an inexpensive, rapid, and robust RT-LAMP based SARS-CoV-2 detection method that is easily scalable, enabling point of care facilities and clinical labs to determine results from patients’ saliva directly in 30 minutes for less than $2 a sample. The method utilizes a novel combination of widely available reagents that can be prepared in bulk, plated and frozen and remain stable until samples are received. This innovation dramatically reduces preparation time, enabling high-throughput automation and testing with time to results (including setup) in less than one hour for 96 patient samples simultaneously when using a 384 well format. By utilizing a dual-reporter (phenol red pH indicator for end-point detection and SYTO-9 fluorescent dye for real-time), the assay also provides internal validation of results and redundancy in the event of an instrument malfunction.
A Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Variant Detection by Molecular-Clamping Based RT-qPCR
Authors: Shen Shuo , Fu Andrew Y. , Jamba Maidar , Li Jonathan , Powell Mike J. , Zhang Aiguo , Lu Chuanyi M. , Sha Michael Y. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe applied XNA-based Molecular Clamping Technology to develop a multiplex qPCR assay for rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 mutations. A total of 278 previously tested SARS-COV-2 positive samples originating primarily from San Francisco Bay Area were tested, including 139 Samples collected in middle January and 139 samples collected at the end of February 2021, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike-gene D614G mutation was detected from 58 samples (41.7%) collected in January 2021 and, 78 samples (56.1%) collected in February. Notably, while there were no N501Y mutation detected in samples from January, seven of the February samples were tested positive for the N501Y and D614G mutations. The results suggest a relatively recent and speedy spreading of the UK variant (B.1.1.7) in Northern California. This new Molecular Clamping technology-based multiplex RT-qPCR assay is highly sensitive and specific and can help speed up large scale testing for SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Altered metal distribution in thesr45-1Arabidopsis mutant causes developmental defects
Authors: Fanara Steven , Schloesser Marie , Hanikenne Marc , Motte Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe plant SR (serine/arginine-rich) splicing factor SR45 plays important roles in several biological processes, such as splicing, DNA methylation, innate immunity, glucose regulation and ABA signaling. A homozygous Arabidopsissr45-1null mutant is viable, but exhibits diverse phenotypic alterations, including delayed root development, late flowering, shorter siliques with fewer seeds, narrower leaves and petals, and unusual numbers of floral organs. Here, we report that thesr45-1mutant presents an unexpected constitutive iron deficiency phenotype characterized by altered metal distribution in the plant. RNA-Sequencing highlighted severe perturbations in metal homeostasis, phenylpropanoid pathway, oxidative stress responses, and reproductive development. Ionomic quantification and histochemical staining revealed strong iron accumulation in thesr45-1root tissues accompanied by an iron starvation in aerial parts. We showed that somesr45-1developmental abnormalities can be complemented by exogenous iron supply. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms governing the phenotypes of thesr45-1mutant.One sentence summaryThesr45-1mutation affects Fe homeostasis, which results in reproductive defects
One dose of COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine REVC-128 provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge at two weeks post immunization
Authors: Gu Maggie , Torres Jonathan L. , Greenhouse Jack , Wallace Shannon , Chiang Chi-I , Jackson Abigail M. , Porto Maciel , Kar Swagata , Li Yuxing , Ward Andrew B. , Wang Yimeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA COVID-19 vaccine with capability to induce early protection is needed to efficiently eliminate viral spread. Here, we demonstrate the development of a nanoparticle vaccine candidate, REVC-128, in which multiple trimeric spike ectodomain subunits with glycine (G) at position 614 were multimerized onto a nanoparticle. In-vitro characterization of this vaccine confirms its structural and antigenic integrity. In-vivo immunogenicity evaluation in mice indicates that a single dose of this vaccine induces potent serum neutralizing antibody titer at two weeks post immunization, which is significantly higher than titer induced by trimeric spike protein without nanoparticle presentation. The comparison of serum binding to spike subunits between animals immunized by spike with and without nanoparticle presentation indicates that nanoparticle prefers the display of spike RBD (Receptor-Binding Domain) over S2 subunit, likely resulting in a more neutralizing but less cross-reactive antibody response. Moreover, a Syrian golden hamster in-vivo model for SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge was implemented at two weeks post a single dose of REVC-128 immunization. The results show that vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 virus challenge with evidence of steady body weight, suppressed viral loads and alleviation of tissue damage (lung and nares) for protected animals, compared with ~10% weight loss, higher viral loads and tissue damage in unprotected animals. Furthermore, the data show that vaccine REVC-128 is thermostable at up to 37°C for at least 4 weeks. These findings, along with a long history of safety for protein vaccines, suggest that the REVC-128 is a safe, stable and efficacious single-shot vaccine candidate to induce the earliest protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Deep Generative Analysis for Task-Based Functional MRI Experiments
Authors: de Albuquerque Daniela , Goffinet Jack , Wright Rachael , Pearson John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains one of the most widespread and important methods in basic and clinical neuroscience, the data it produces—time series of brain volumes—continue to pose daunting analysis challenges. The current standard (“mass univariate”) approach involves constructing a matrix of task regressors, fitting a separate general linear model at each volume pixel (“voxel”), computing test statistics for each model, and correcting for false positivespost hocusing bootstrap or other resampling methods. Despite its simplicity, this approach has enjoyed great success over the last two decades due to: 1) its ability to produce effect maps highlighting brain regions whose activity significantly correlates with a given variable of interest; and 2) its modeling of experimental effects as separable and thus easily interpretable. However, this approach suffers from several well-known drawbacks, namely: inaccurate assumptions of linearity and noise Gaussianity; a limited ability to capture individual effects and variability; and difficulties in performing proper statistical testing secondary to independently fitting voxels. In this work, we adopt a different approach, modeling entire volumes directly in a manner that increases model flexibility while preserving interpretability. Specifically, we use a generalized additive model (GAM) in which the effects of each regressor remain separable, the product of a spatial map produced by a variational autoencoder and a (potentially nonlinear) gain modeled by a covariate-specific Gaussian Process. The result is a model that yields group-level effect maps comparable or superior to the ones obtained with standard fMRI analysis software while also producing single-subject effect maps capturing individual differences. This suggests that generative models with a decomposable structure might offer a more flexible alternative for the analysis of task-based fMRI data.