bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning-Based Assistive Framework for Disabled Persons
Authors: Talha Muhammad , Panhwar Muhammad Aamir , Memon Kamran Ali , A Abbasi , Panhwar Ghazala 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Robot programming by demonstration (PbD) enables human users to teach the robot and increases its capabilities by interactive teaching without having to manually program the robot. PbD combined with intelligent machine learning algothrims can help us to develop autonomous robots for various industrial and domestic tasks. One such task is the pouring of liquids from bottle into the cup/glass. In this paper the first step is to teach the robot liquid pouring task by the human user in order to facilitate physically disabled people in making various types of drinks and then dataset is created from the user taken demonstrations. In training stage the dataset obtained is feed to the decision-making algorithm based on reinforcement learning. The algorithm enables the robot to learn to pour different liquids under different pouring conditions with the help of minimum number of human user demonstrations needed for the learning of task. The acquired results show that the robot can learn to pour different liquids and is able to accurately adapt to different pouring conditions by using reward-based system and online feedback. Furthermore the results show that the proposed framework can work with different types of liquid and container sizes without any further need for reprogramming or demonstrations.
Polydopamine Nanoparticles Attenuate Retina Ganglion Cell Degeneration and Restore Visual Function After Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Lou Xiaotong , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhang Hong , Liu Jia , Zhao Yin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress contributes to retina ganglion cells (RGCs) loss in variety of ocular diseases, including ocular trauma, ocular vein occlusion, and glaucoma. Scavenging the excessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retinal neurovascular unit could be beneficial to RGCs survival. In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoplatform is developed to protect RGCs. Results: The PDA nanoparticles efficiently eliminate multi-types of ROS, protect endothelia and neuronal cells from oxidative damage, and inhibit microglia activation in retinas. In an optic nerve crush (ONC) model, single intravitreal injection of PDA nanoparticles could significantly attenuate RGCs loss via eliminating ROS in retinas, reducing the inflammatory response and maintaining barrier function of retinal vascular endothelia. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the retina implied that PDA nanoparticles improve RGCs survival probably by altering the expression of genes involved in inflammation and ROS production. Importantly, as a versatile drug carrier, PDA nanoparticles could deliver brimonidine (a neuroprotection drug) to synergistically attenuate RGCs loss and promote axon regeneration, thus restore visual function. Conclusions: the PDA nanoparticle-based therapeutic nanoplatform displayed excellent performance in ROS elimination, providing a promising probability for treating retinal degeneration diseases.
Exciton Condensation in an Atomically-thin MoS2 Semiconductor
Authors: Xiong Qihua , Aguila Andres Granados del , Wong Yi , Liu Xue , Fieramosca Antonio , Do T. Thu Ha , Battiato Marco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Condensation of a dilute Bose gas of excitons (coupled electron-hole pairs) in a direct bandgap semiconductor was first theoretically predicted in 19681. This exotic state of matter is expected to exhibit spectacular non-linear properties, such as superradiance and superfluidity. However, direct experimental observation of condensation of optically active excitons in conventional semiconductors has been hindered by their short lifetimes and weak collective excitonic interactions. Here, we have experimentally realized the condensation of short-lived excitons in a direct-bandgap, atomically-thin MoS2 semiconductor. The signature is the anomalous transport of the fast-expanding exciton density, originating from a thermalized dilute gas generated under the laser spot. Below the critical temperature Tc~150 K, the exciton liquid propagates over ultra-long distances (at least 60 micrometers) with record speed in a solid-state system of 1.8*10^7 m/s (~6% the speed of light), fuelled by the unconventionally strong repulsions among excitons. The condensation is controlled by many-body interactions in the gas mixture of excitons (bosons) and free-carriers (fermions) via an electrical backgate. Our results demonstrate electrostatic doping as a simple approach for the investigation of correlated states of matter at high-temperatures, excitonic circuitry and spin-valley Hall devices mediated by exciton superfluids in semiconducting monolayers.
Comprehensive Treatment of Mediastinal Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report
Authors: Yu Qi , Li Zhen , Han Xinwei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors in the mediastinum are relatively rare. We report a patient with mediastinal neuroendocrine tumor that was successfully resected after descending stage by drug-eluting embolic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization had been performed. No tumor recurrence was found in the 1-year follow-up after surgical resection.
Enhanced the Synergistic Effect of Tetracycline Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation on a Novel Mesoporous Carbon Nitride
Authors: Liu zheng , Ding Hekun , He Xiao , Wang Dongbo , Ma Dachao , Feng Qingge 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel mesoporous g-C3N4 with guanidine hydrochloride as precursor was prepared by molten salt assisted hard template of silica (SiO2) aerogel for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The textural structure, chemical composition, morphology and optical properties of mesoporous g-C3N4 were characterized by a series of means, and the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of TC was elucidated. The results show that the successfully synthesized mesoporous g-C3N4 presented a coral-like rod shaped and heptazine ring structure. When the amount of SiO2 aerogel template was 1.4 g, the richer nitrogen defects of the sample (GM-1.4) with the lower band gap (2.42 eV) was displayed.The photocatalytic degradation rate of GM-1.4 for TC was reached to 83.4% under visible illumination for 120 min. Furthermore, the •O2- and h+ were proved to be the main active species, and the reasons of TC photodegradation were associated with the destruction of TC molecular structure.
Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS Analysis of the Elastin Crosslinkers Desmosine and Isodesmosine in Acute Cerebral Stroke Patients
Authors: Mikagi Ayame , Tashiro Ryosuke , Inoue Tomoo , Anzawa Riki , Imura Akiho , Tanigawa Takahiro , Ishida Tomohisa , Inoue Takashi , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Tominaga Teiji , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We chemically synthesized an isotopically labeled internal standard, isodesmosine-13C3,15N1, and established an isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS method. Plasma concentrations of desmosine and isodesmosine in acute cerebral stroke patients and healthy controls were determined. The desmosine concentration was markedly higher in plasma from acute stroke patients compared with healthy controls. Desmosines are novel biomarkers for evaluating the extent of vascular injury after acute cerebral stroke.
WITHDRAWN: Delivery of Sorafenib and Metformin Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Amphiphilic Polypeptide-based Micelles
Authors: Cao Lanqing , Xu Guangmeng , He Hongyu , Li Jiannan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hepatoma is a common clinical disease with poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Chemotherapy is important for hepatoma treatment because only a small amount of hepatoma patients are suitable for local resection, and the effects of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are unsatisfactory. But many limitations restrict further application of chemotherapy. In this study, sorafenib (Sor) and metformin (Met) co-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-glutamic acid-co-L-phenylalanine) (mPEG-b-P(Glu-co-Phe)) micelles were developed. Sor is a common molecular target agent which can inhibit the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to treat hepatoma clinically. Met can also regulate the MAPK pathway and inhibit the expression of the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). Moreover, both Sor and Met play important roles in cell cycle arrest. The integration of these two drugs aims to achieve synergistic effects against hepatoma. The micelles can be targeted to cancer cells and possess longer blood circulation time. The two agents can be released rapidly in the tumor sites. Both orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) hepatoma models were developed to analyze the treatment efficacy of the Sor and Met loaded micelles. The in vivo study showed that the micelles can prevent hepatoma progression by inhibiting the expressions of p-ERK and cyclin D1. This study indicated that the Sor/Met-loaded micelles are suitable for hepatoma treatment.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Wrapped Polyaniline Nanorods As An Active Nanocomposite For Improved ﻿Photocurrent Generation And Photocatalytic And Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Fenniche Fares , Henni Abdellah , Khane Yasmine , Aouf Djaber , Harfouche Nessrine , Bensalem Soufiane , Zerrouki Djamal , Belkhalfa Hakim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study depicts the electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites basede on Polyaniline nanorods wrap with reduced graphene oxide (PANI-rGO) on ITO substrates. Synthesis of PANI-rGO nanocomposites was elaborated by the incorporation of rGO in PANI thin films during electropolymerization in the presence of sulfuric acid. The synthesis of reduced graphene oxide was by modification on the well-known Hammer's method. The thin films nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Visible and electrochemical photocurrent spectroscopy. FESEM revealed the formation of PANI nanorods with diameters between 50 and 150 nm. The XPS was employed to confirm the compositions of PANI-rGO nanocomposites. From photoelectrochemical results, the generated photocurrent was improved in the presence of rGO in PANI Nanorods. Whereas, experimental findings show that the introduction of rGO into PANI improved the photo response from 7 µA.cm-2 to 13 µA.cm-2. Integration of 3D rGO in PANI results in better photocatalytic performance for the degradation of Congo Red. The enhanced photocatalytic activity with presence of rGO revealed the good potential of PANI-GO nanocomposites for dye degradation. The effective removal of congo red up to 90% has been observed in acidic medium and is acceptable results compared to the surface area of the substrate. At optimum conditions, also the nature of the antibacterial activities has been investigated by ITO/PANI and ITO/PANI-rGO thin films, and the results have showed exhibited antibacterial activity against the growth of E.coli gram-negative bacteria.
Predictive role of lymphoscintigraphy undergoing lymphovenous anastomosis in patients with lower extremity lymphedema
Authors: Kwon Hye Ryeong , Hwang Ji Hye , Mun Goo-Hyun , Hyun Seung Hyup , Moon Seung Hwan , Lee Kyung-Han , Choi Joon Young 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

We investigated whether preoperative lymphoscintigraphy could predict the treatment response of unilateral lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) in patients with lower extremity lymphedema.
Materials and methods

A total of 17 patients undergoing lymphoscintigraphy subsequent to LVA was included. As qualitative lymphoscintigraphic indicators, ilioinguinal lymph node uptake, main lymphatic vessel, collateral vessel, and dermal backflow pattern were evaluated. Lymph node uptake ratio, extremity uptake ratio, and injection site clearance ratio were obtained as quantitative lymphoscintigraphic indicators at 1 and 2-h after injection. To evaluate therapy response, the volume difference ratio of the whole leg at 3 months (early response) and 1 year (late response) was measured.
Results

The group with whole leg dermal backflow had a greater volume change than the other groups (p=0.047). The group with dermal backflow in the whole leg OR only in the distal part had a higher rate of volume reduction than the group with dermal backflow only in the proximal part OR absent (p=0.050). The 2-h extremity uptake ratio was the only indicator that positively correlated with early and late volume difference ratio (p=0.016, p=0.001). The rate of volume decrease at 1 year was high in patients with high 2-h extremity uptake ratio (p=0.027). As the amount of dermal backflow increases, the postoperative therapeutic effect increases (p=0.040).
Conclusions

Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is useful to predict both early and late therapy response in patients with lower extremity lymphedema undergoing LVA. Both dermal backflow pattern and extremity uptake ratio may be predictive lymphoscintigraphic indicators.
Epigenetic-dysregulated lncRNAs in Prostate Cancer Based on Multi-omics Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jianxiao , Xiang Xuexiao , Xu Zhipeng , Xu Yangjing , Huang Xiaowei , Su Huafang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression and epigenetic changes, and explore the prognostic value of these findings in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: In this study, we systematically compared the histone modification and methylation regions on lncRNAs promoter and enhancer elements by multiomics. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of histone modified apparent lncRNAs promoters and enhancers in the genome. Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the functional enrichment of epigenetic dysregulated lncRNAs. The prostate cancer associated lncRNAs were downloaded from lnc2cancer V3.0 and survival analysis was performed. Results: We found 1124 epigenetic-dysregulated lncRNAs (epi-lncRNAs) and 9734 epigenetic-dysregulated protein coding genes (epi-PCGs) in prostate cancer, and the abnormal frequency of lncRNAs was much lower than that of PCGs. H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 abnormally modified histones accounted for a large proportion and were mainly concentrated in the promoter region. Epigenetic abnormal lncRNAs affects the biological specific molecular function of prostate cancer by changing the abnormal modification of histone. The abnormal expression of lncRNAs caused by abnormal modification of H3K36me3 may be an important factor in the occurrence of prostate cancer. Finally, based on lncRNAs analysis of the prognosis of prostate cancer samples, three lncRNAs (HAR1A, SNHG12 and SNHG17) were identified as prognostic markers of prostate cancer.Conclusions: These findings may help to better understand the abnormal epigenetic regulation of lncRNAs expression in prostate cancer.
Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Chemoradiotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting (C-RINV) in Locally Advanced Head and Heck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Prospective Phase Ⅱ Trial
Authors: Wang Zekun , Liu Wenyang , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wang Jingbo , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Xiao Jianping , Xu Guozhen , Gao Li , Yi Junlin , Zhang Ye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background There is sparse research reporting effective interventions for preventing nausea and emesis caused by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC). This phase Ⅱ trial was conducted to provide the direct evidence for the current practice of prescribing antiemetic in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving CCRT.Methods Treatment-naïve LA-HNSCC patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks for two cycles. All patients were given orally aprepitant 125 mg once on d1, then 80mg once on d2-5; ondansetron 8 mg once on d1; and dexamethasone 12 mg once on d1, then 8mg on d2-5. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR). Pursuant to δ=0.2 and α=0.05, the expected CR rate was 80%. Results A total of 43 patients with LA-HNSCC were enrolled. The median age was 53 years old, and 86.0% were male. All patients received radiotherapy and 86.0% of patients completed both cycles as planned. The overall CR rate was 86.0% (95% CI: 72.1-94.7). The CR rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 89.2% (95% CI: 74.6-97.0). The complete protection rate in the overall phase was 72.1% (95% CI: 56.3-84.7). The emesis-free response and nausea-free response in overall phase were 88.4% (95% CI: 74.9-96.1) and 60.5% (95% CI: 44.4-75.0), respectively. The adverse events related to antiemetics were constipation (65.1%) and hiccups (16.3%), but both were grade 1-2. There was no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related adverse event with antiemetic usage. Conclusion The addition of aprepitant into ondansetron and dexamethasone provided effective protection from nausea and emesis in patients with LA-HNSCC receiving radiotherapy and concomitant high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Randomised phase 3 studies are required to further define the potential role of NK1RA in chemoradiotherapy setting.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03572829. Registered 28 June 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03572829?term=NCT03572829&draw=2&rank=1.
Projected future changes of tropical cyclone genesis frequency in the Northern Hemisphere based on a multi-timescale regression model
Authors: Zhao jiuwei , Zhan Ruifen , Wang Yuqing , Jiang Leishan , Huang Xin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large uncertainties exist in the projected future TC genesis frequency (TCGF) due to the existence of various timescale internal climate variabilities and external forcing. Here, we introduce a statistical multi-timescale TCGF regression model, including contributions by three interannual modes, two interdecadal modes, and a global warming mode. The model is shown to be able to capture well the present-day multi-timescale changes in TCGF in the major TC basins in the Northern Hemisphere. The model results demonstrate that change in TCGF over the western North Pacific are predominantly modulated by internal climate variability while that over the eastern North Pacific is dominated by global warming and that over the North Atlantic is controlled about equally by the internal climate variability and global warming. Consistently, the model projects a significant increase over the eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic with insignificant trend over the western North Pacific.
Cephalometric effects of the elastodontic appliance in managing skeletal Class II division 1 cases
Authors: Ciavarella Domenico , Campobasso Alessandra , Campa Roberta , Suriano Carmela , Illuzzi Gaetano , Cazzolla Angela Pia , Tepedino Michele 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cephalometric effects of the elastodontic appliance (EA) in the management of patients presenting with a skeletal Class II/1 malocclusion.

Methods
Twenty Class II patients treated using the EA (Group EA) were compared with 20 Class II untreated children (Group C). Cephalograms were compared at the start (T0) and after 24 months (T1) after which time, skeletal, dental, and aesthetic variables were evaluated. A statistical evaluation was conducted by applying an unpaired t-test for normally distributed variables.

Results
From T0 to T1, the EA group showed a significant increase in lower facial height (LFH), in mandibular length (Co-Gn), in the upper incisor and cranial plane angle (1 + SN) and in the distance between a true vertical line (TVL)-soft tissue B (B’) and TVL-soft tissue Pogonion (Pog’) points. From T0 to T1, group C showed a significant decrease in SN-occlusal plane (PO) (p < 0.01), of SN-mandibular plane (Go-Me) (p < 0.01) and of total gonial (N-Go-Me) angles (p < 0.05); a significant reduction of the distance between TVL-upper incisor (1+), TVL-lower lip (Li), and TVL-Pog’ was shown. No statistical differences were observed between the groups in dental and aesthetic outcomes, except for a skeletal increase in LFH (p < 0.05) and in Co-Gn length (p < 0.05), which was statistically significant in the EA group.

Conclusion
In Class II growing patients, the EA induces minor skeletal effects, compared to untreated control patients.
The effect of space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora
Authors: Kizilci Esra , Arikan Volkan , Ozalp Nurhan , Ozcelik Berrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Space maintainers are used to preserve created space caused by the premature loss of primary teeth but they may also upset the oral environment and play a role in caries formation. The current research aimed to assess the impact of removable and fixed space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients aged between 4 and 10 years, each of whom required a fixed (n = 19) or removable space maintainer (n = 19), were enrolled in this research. The salivary pH, saliva flow rate, salivary Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus counts were measured immediately prior to the placement of the space maintainers (baseline-T0) and during the follow-up period, at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T3), and 6th (T6) month. The Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman tests were applied for statistical analyses.

Results

Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts were significantly higher at the 6th month time period in comparison with the baseline scores for both groups (P < 0.001). The salivary pH and flow rates did not change significantly at any measurement period (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Space maintainers can favour caries formation by changing the oral microflora. It is advisable to warn patients and their parents of the risks and provide motivation to perform meticulous oral hygiene.
The efficacy of rapid palatal expansion on the eruption of impacted maxillary canine: a systematic review
Authors: Boonpratham Supatchai , Pariyatdulapak Natnicha , Poonpiriya Thongchai , Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit , Saengfai Nuntinee Nanthavanich 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the current literature on the effectiveness of rapid palatal expansion (RPE) in assisting the spontaneous eruption of impacted maxillary canines.

Materials and methods
Four electronic databases were searched (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase) by applying appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Two authors independently and systematically reviewed the literature. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective controlled clinical trials (pCCTs) were identified and selected. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used to assess the quality of the obtained articles. Spontaneous canine eruption was used as a primary outcome.

Results
Three RCTs and two pCCTs met the inclusion criteria. One study was assessed at a high risk of bias in the RCT group, while the remainder were at an unclear risk of bias. Both pCCTs were classified as a moderate risk of bias based on the ROBINS-I tool. The success rate of canine eruption following RPE, with or without additional treatment, ranged from 65.7 to 85.7%, which was statistically significantly different from the control group.

Conclusion
RPE appears to improve the position of displaced maxillary canines and increase the likelihood of spontaneous eruption. However, there is a shortage of high-quality evidence to conclude that RPE can be an effective treatment option for impacted maxillary canines.