bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser irradiation on push-out bond strength of endodontic sealers with root canal dentin: An in vitro evaluation of push-out bond strength and failure modes
Authors: Reddy J. Sandeep , Jayalakshmi K. B. , Sujatha I. , Nadig Prasannalatha , Isani Nilima Salim , Elizabeth Deena 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) treated root canals.

Material and Methods:
Sixty single-rooted teeth were collected, decoronated apical to the cementoenamel junction, maintaining the minimum root length of 14 mm. Samples were instrumented with WaveOne Gold primary file and divided into two experimental groups (n = 30), based on laser irradiation: Group I: No laser and Group II: Er:YAG laser irradiated. Groups I and II were again divided into two subgroups “a” (AH Plus) and “b” (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] Fillapex) with 15 samples in each group. As per the grouping, sealers were coated onto the canal walls and obturated. After 24 h of storage in 100% humidity at 37°C, all the samples were sectioned transversely and push-out test was performed using universal testing machine. Stereomicroscope was used to determine the mode of failure. A one-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the mean POBS. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk parametric tests were done to check the normality. The Games-Howell multiple post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison of the groups at a 95% confidence level.

Results:
Both AH Plus and MTA Fillapex exhibited higher bond strength in the laser-treated canals. AH plus exhibited superior bond strength compared to MTA Fillapex in both laser and non-laser-treated groups (P < 0.05). AH Plus groups have predominantly presented cohesive failure whereas MTA Fillapex presented mixed failures.

Conclusion:
Irradiation with Er:YAG laser in the root canal before obturation improves the bond strength significantly. The adhesive properties of MTA Fillapex are comparable to that of AH Plus.
A rare case of neurosarcoidosis occurred only in the medulla oblongata mimicking malignant brain tumor
Authors: Murayama Kentaro , Inoue Akihiro , Nakamura Yawara , Ochi Masayuki , Shigekawa Seiji , Watanabe Hideaki , Kitazawa Riko , Kunieda Takeharu 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. However, neurosarcoidosis occurring only in the medulla oblongata is very rare and lacks specific imaging and clinical features. We report a rare case of neurosarcoidosis arising from the medulla oblongata alone, suggesting the significance of pathological findings for accurate diagnosis.

Case Description:
A 78-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to our hospital with a 3-month history of progressive numbness in bilateral lower extremities and gait disturbance. Neurological examination on admission showed mild bilateral paired paralysis of the lower limbs (manual muscle test: right 2/V; left 4/V) and marked numbness in the right lower limb. Neuroimaging revealed a solid mass with clear boundaries in the dorsal medulla oblongata appearing hypointense on T1-weighted imaging (WI), hyperintense on T2-WI, and hypointense on diffusion WI (DWI), with strong enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-WI. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed moderately elevated levels of protein and lymphocytic cells. Biopsy to determine the exact diagnosis revealed histological findings of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas and inflammatory infiltration, consistent with sarcoidosis. Postoperatively, corticosteroid therapy with prednisolone was initiated as soon as possible, resulting in marked reductions in lesion size. Follow-up neuroimaging after 12 months showed no signs of recurrence.

Conclusion:
Neurosarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose from routine neuroimaging and laboratory findings. Accurate diagnosis requires careful identification of clinical signs, hypointensity on DWI, and morphological findings from surgical biopsy.
Misdiagnosis of “White Cord Syndrome” following posterior cervical surgery for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: A case report
Authors: Acharya Shankar , Kaucha Deepak , Sandhu Arashpreet Singh , Adsul Nitin , Chahal R. S. , Kalra K. L. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Following decompressive cervical surgery for significant spinal cord compression/myelopathy, patients may rarely develop the “White Cord Syndrome (WCS).” This acute postoperative reperfusion injury is characterized on T2W MRI images by an increased intramedullary cord signal. However, it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and WCS can only be invoked once all other etiologies for cord injury have been ruled out.

Case Description:
A 49-year-old male, 3 days following a C3-C7 cervical laminectomy and C2-T1 fusion for extensive cord compression due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), developed acute quadriparesis. This new deficit should have been attributed to an intraoperative iatrogenic cord injury, not the WCS.

Conclusion:
Very rarely patients sustain postoperative significant/severe new neurological deficits attributable to the WCS. Notably, the WCS is a diagnosis of exclusion, and all other etiologies (i.e. intraoperative iatrogenic surgeon-based mechanical cord injury, graft/instrumentation extrusion, failure to adequately remove/resect OPLL thus stretching cord over residual disease, other reasons for continued cord compression, including the need for secondary surgery, etc.) of cord injury must first be ruled out.
Le processus de plasticité stratégique et tactico-opérationnelle des pays membres de l’Union Européenne
Authors: Dumoulin André 
Published: May 2021

La flexibilité conditionnelle dans le domaine de la sécurité coopérative et de la défense au sein de l’Union Européenne (UE) renvoie à l’idée de volontariat et de souveraineté des États. Ces derniers sont les maîtres du jeu et le refus de s’engager repose sur de nombreuses motivations : refus ou peur de grimper sur le terrain, refus d’être emporté par une opinion publique interventionniste, absence d’intérêts stratégiques, géopolitiques ou économiques en matière d’engagement, absence de mandat de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), faible disponibilité des ressources militaires et civiles, évaluation négative des pertes estimées, manque de conviction, manque de culture stratégique interventionniste (première entrée), hostilité des citoyens envers les engagements extérieurs, manque de consensus au sein du gouvernement et/ou parlement, calendrier électoral trop proche, manque d’informations sur la situation sur le terrain ou manque de partenaires pour une coalition. L’une des clés pourrait provenir de l’aboutissement d’une véritable autonomie diplomatique européenne parallèlement à une souveraineté européenne partagée mais aussi et surtout d’assurer « le suivi des décisions adoptées » et de parvenir à une forte cohérence en matière de politique étrangère qui devrait être unique. Le constructivisme n’est pas loin avec ses jeux d’influence, le partage des normes, les croyances partagées, la socialisation institutionnelle et les pratiques communes entre les forces militaires dans les opérations de la Politique de Sécurité et de Défense Commune (PSDC), l’union faisant la force. Il reste à clarifier et à respecter une feuille de route politique autant qu’une capacité de plus de cohérence et d’autonomie stratégique. Les États membres de l’UE devront proposer une analyse commune des menaces, définir les intérêts, puis les capacités, « pour protéger tous ses citoyens sur le sol européen ».
La limite de puissance de l’Union Européenne dans les relations internationales : les divergences et les convergences de l’UE avec les États-Unis, en particulier depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Donald Trump, sur l’Accord du nucléaire iranien de 2015 : le Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
Authors: Bayramzadeh Kamal 
Published: May 2021

Cet article se donne pour objectif de montrer le rôle de l’Union Européenne (UE) dans la résolution des crises internationales, en l’occurrence la crise nucléaire iranienne. L’UE est dotée d’une « politique étrangère commune » depuis 1993 et, en raison de sa capacité d’influence politique et économique dans certains dossiers internationaux, elle peut être qualifiée d’acteur international. Nous voulons examiner les différentes dimensions de la puissance européenne afin de mettre en évidence la limite de sa puissance normative en nous focalisant sur la crise nucléaire iranienne et les divergences de l’UE avec les États-Unis depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Donald Trump. Après avoir expliqué les concepts analytiques de puissance douce, de puissance normative et d’acteur, nous allons d’abord mettre en exergue les caractéristiques de la puissance de l’UE. Cette étude va ensuite analyser les différents aspects de la politique de l’UE à l’égard de l’Iran et en particulier son projet nucléaire de 1992 à 2020. Nous mettrons finalement en évidence les impacts de l’arrivée au pouvoir de Donald Trump sur les relations des États-Unis avec l’UE. Il s’agit de montrer comment la nouvelle approche politique et économique des États-Unis (néomercantilisme) sous la présidence de D. Trump a changé l’orientation de la politique étrangère des États-Unis en particulier à l’égard de l’UE et de l’accord nucléaire de 2015 du P5+1 avec l’Iran. En 2018, les États-Unis se sont retirés de l’accord et ont imposé leur loi extraterritoriale aux entreprises étrangères en interdisant de commercer avec l’Iran. En dépit de sa protestation, l’UE n’a pas pu empêcher que cette loi soit imposée aux entreprises européennes, ce qui a illustré la limite de sa puissance.
Les nouveaux accords commerciaux conclus par l’Union Européenne
Authors: Vincent Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Suite au blocage des négociations commerciales internationales au sein de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC), l’Union Européenne (UE) a conclu des accords commerciaux dits de « nouvelle génération » avec un certain nombre de partenaires. Le champ d’application de ces accords est beaucoup plus ambitieux que le seul commerce des marchandises auquel se limitaient les accords commerciaux précédemment conclus par l’Union. Il couvre en effet également le commerce des services, la propriété intellectuelle et les investissements internationaux. L’insertion de ceux-ci dans les nouveaux accords a fait l’objet de deux demandes d’avis à la Cour de Justice de l’Union Européenne (CJUE). Dans le premier, elle a déclaré que l’Union n’était pas compétente pour conclure seule un accord contenant des dispositions relatives aux investissements autres que directs et au règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements. Dans le second, elle a confirmé que le mécanisme de règlement des différends entre investisseurs et État d’accueil ne porte pas atteinte au principe de l’autonomie du droit de l’Union, et n’affecte pas le principe de la compétence exclusive de la Cour pour interpréter le droit européen.
Sarkozy et la lettre de Guy Môquet : un cas d’instrumentalisation ?
Authors: Nossent Jérôme 
Published: May 2021

Le personnage de Guy Môquet, et plus particulièrement la lettre qu’il adressa à ses parents à la veille de son exécution occupèrent une place importante dans le discours de Nicolas Sarkozy durant la période pré-électorale de 2007. La place attribuée au jeune militant communiste dans le discours sarkoziste perdura après l’élection de celui-ci à la fonction de président de la République française. Le moins qu’on puisse dire est que cette thématique fit couler beaucoup d’encre à l’époque et ne suscita guère l’unanimité. Maintenant que le calme est revenu, il paraît intéressant de se pencher rétrospectivement sur le sujet. Quelle utilisation Nicolas Sarkozy fit-il de la lettre de Guy Môquet et de son auteur ? Au travers de cet article, un descriptif du personnage historique ainsi que de la façon dont Nicolas Sarkozy en usa seront présentés. Comme nous le verrons, la façon dont le jeune homme apparaît peut s’inscrire dans différentes configurations. Un intérêt particulier sera également accordé aux différents protagonistes étant intervenus à l’époque, qu’ils soient partis ou autres acteurs politiques. Enfin, une telle thématique suscite nombre de réflexions. Parmi ces dernières, la question de l’utilisation de la figure de Guy Môquet et de sa lettre est posée. Peut-on parler d’instrumentalisation de ce personnage par Nicolas Sarkozy ? Nous proposons donc de déterminer la véracité de cette hypothèse au travers de cet exposé.
Sarkozy à l’assaut du Panthéon : à l’Homme révolté, la patrie reconnaissante
Authors: Rahier Maxime 
Published: May 2021

En décembre 2009, le journal Le Monde révélait le dernier projet présidentiel : transférer la dépouille d’Albert Camus au Panthéon. Ce projet, perçu par la gauche comme une tentative éhontée de récupération politique, déclencha une vive controverse qui ne prit fin qu’avec le refus du fils de l’écrivain à consentir un tel transfert. Après un bref rappel des faits et la mise en exergue des enjeux politiques afférents, le présent article se propose de revenir sur cette question de la récupération politique. L’hypothèse qui nous guidera est que toute panthéonisation – ou tentative de panthéonisation – relève davantage d’une communication politique savamment réfléchie que d’une volonté du Président de manifester ses goûts ou convictions. Cette assertion une fois démontrée, il ne demeurera alors, comme ultime saillance de ce pugilat médiatique, qu’une violence qui sied fort peu avec Camus, y compris d’ailleurs – si ce n’est peut-être davantage – dans le chef de ceux qui se sont bien souvent considérés comme les défenseurs de sa mémoire.
The Hoax of SARA (Tribe, Religion, Race, and Intergroup) as a Threat to the Ideology of Pancasila Resilience
Authors: Kuntarto Kuntarto , Widyaningsih Rindha , Chamadi Muhamad Riza 
Published: May 2021

The subject of this research is to provide an overview of the mechanisms and schemes of hoax news spreading. Research is also trying to provide an explanation threat of hoaxes about SARA (Tribe, Religion, Race, and Intergroup) towards the resilience of the Pancasila ideology. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method by describing the results of the 2019 Mastel survey of national hoax outbreaks using the Pancasila ideology approach as a perspective of the study. The results showed that the hoax on the issue of SARA was the second most widely hoax news content received by the public with the popular channels for hoax distribution is social media, with a kind of text messaging. A hoax about SARA is the most frequently accepted hoaxes in the community every day. The scheme of spreading hoax news is by spreading slander to political opponents, excessive branding of leader/figure, fake testimony, irresponsible quotation, and bombastic photos or titles. Hoax news about SARA issues poses a severe threat to Indonesia's unity because triggering controversy, public unrest, sectarian sentiment, intolerance of political instability, and security disturbances.
Cluster Validity Index to Determine the Optimal Number Clusters of Fuzzy Clustering for Classify Customer Buying Behavior
Authors: Asrriningtias Salnan Ratih 
Published: May 2021

One of the strategies in order to compete in Batik MSMEs is to look at the characteristics of the customer. To make it easier to see the characteristics of customer buying behavior, it is necessary to classify customers based on similarity of characteristics using fuzzy clustering. One of the parameters that must be determined at the beginning of the fuzzy clustering method is the number of clusters. Increasing the number of clusters does not guarantee the best performance, but the right number of clusters greatly affects the performance of fuzzy clustering. So to get optimal number cluster, we can measured the result of clustering in each number cluster using the cluster validity index. From several types of cluster validity index, NPC give the best value. Optimal number cluster that obtained by the validity index is 2 and this number cluster give classify result with small variance value
Utilization of Powerful Words in Compiling Effective Communication Materials
Authors: Zainudin Zainudin , Asef Wildan Munfadlila  , Saptono Hadi  
Published: May 2021

In the Indonesian language course, communication can be included in the area of speaking and writing. To carry out effective communication, the stages must be carried out, namely fact finding, planning, communicating, and evaluation. The purpose of this research is to describe the concept map of effective communication material based on powerful words. This research method uses qualitative research methods with data sources in the form of books by Erwin Parengkuan et al. entitled Talk-inc Points published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Trianto's book entitled Designing an innovative-progressive learning model published by KencanaPrenada Media Group. The data analysis carried out by researchers is as follows: (1) data reduction (2) displaying data by compiling relevant data, (3) drawing conclusions to get a meaning that scattered symptoms have deep meaning. The results of this study indicate that the use of powerful words in the preparation of effective communication materials produces a concept map for effective communication materials. Making a concept map for effective communication material becomes easier to learn and understand, that in effective communication there are four stages that must be done, namely fact finding, planning, communicating, and evaluation.
Key words: effective communication; material preparation; powerful words
Using Kahoot! In Distance Learning To Increase Engineering Students English Skill
Authors: Fitri Senny Hapsari  , Nurul Frijuniarsi  , Natalia Tri Astuti  
Published: May 2021

Since April 2020 The Ministry of Education stated the “Learning from Home” policy, that’s why The research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the academic year of 2020-2019 starting in April 2021. Where learning is learning process have been held virtually with the support of internet and some communication and computer-based device. As a matter of fact, distance learning is not as simple as it should be. So the purpose of this research is to improve grammar skills through interactive learning media so that it is interesting and does not make students bored while following the distance learning. Therefore, the authors conducted research by knowing the use of learning media based on Kahoot as an effort to improve students' English grammar skills. The research method applied is the Classroom Action Research Method which goes through 2 cycles with the final results showing that the use of kahoot as an alternative learning media is very effective in growing up the enthusiasm of students to attend lectures so that it has an impact on improving students' English grammar skills with the finding of the average score of students with The number of 70 in the first cycle and 80 as the average value in the second cycle, these results significantly increased from the average score of 60 before the implementation of kahoot as learning media.
Ways to strengthen and develop Legal Statehood in modern Russia
Authors: Dranishnikova Anzhela 
Published: May 2021

Building a state governed by the rule of law, in which the law will take a dominant position, and its observance will become the main principle — an idea that has worried thinkers since ancient times. The law and order in such a state largely depend on the indicator of the legal culture of citizens, their perception of the laws as the norms of their proper behavior.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Drozdova Viktoriya 
Published: May 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the electoral system of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The separation of powers is indicated. The procedure for setting the date of elections, which are held on the basis of universal, free and equal suffrage, is described. It shows how the registration and elections of the president, deputies and other persons elected to public positions take place.
Comparative analysis of measures of legislative regulation of public safety in the conditions of a special epidemiological situation caused by the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries
Authors: Zubkova Daria 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of measures of legislative regulation of the safety of the population in a special epidemiological situation caused by the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. The author conducts a comparative study not only in the context of specific regulatory legal acts adopted in a designated period of time, but also in entire branches of legislation, within which the corresponding regulatory requirements were introduced. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions corresponding to the study.
Causes FOR EXEMPTION FROM LEGAL LIABILITY AND PUNISHMENT
Authors: Kosorukova Irina 
Published: May 2021

The article provides a general overview of such legal aspects as exemption from administrative responsibility and criminal punishment. Since the Russian Federation is a state governed by the rule of law, in which legal institutions must fully protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, it is necessary to try to study this issue so that it is possible to propose new or alternative solutions to the problems that exist today. Namely, the gaps in the legislation.
LEGAL OPTIMIZATION OF PUPLIC AUTHORITIES IN RUSSIA: MODERN LOOK
Authors: Podolskii Vitalii , Polischuk Sergey 
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the decision of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation — M. Mishustin, which he announced at a meeting on 23.11.20 with Deputy prime ministers, where he spoke about the optimization of development institutions; the elimination of excessive administrative barriers in the implementation of infrastructure projects; expanding the list of online services for exporters. According to Mikhail Mishustin: “the old structure no longer meets the challenges of the time, although they played an important role”, In his speech, he confirmed the information that the government has planned a reform of development institutions, which RBC previously wrote about.
Protection of intangible benefits as a priority form of legal protection
Authors: Shesterina Victoria 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the nature and content of the term “protection of personal non-property rights”. Based on the review of judicial practice, the author concludes that civil protection of intangible assets in the Russian Federation is carried out in the restorative and compensatory directions. The article analyzes such methods of civil protection of intangible benefits as compensation for moral damage and refutation of publicly known information of a defamatory nature. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to apply innovative methods and techniques of civil law protection of personal non-property rights.