Studi Ketimpangan Sosial Ekonomi Pada Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Labakkang Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Rizal , Salim Agus , Suhaeb Muh. Iqbal Samad 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis karakteristik ketimpangan dan pengaruh perkembangan kawasan pesisir terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kecamatan Labakkang Kabupaten Pangkep. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisis yaitu koefisien gini (gini ratio) atau indeks gini dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Pangkep, Dinas Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Pangkep, Kantor Kecamatan Labakkang, Kantor Kelurahan Pundata Baji dan masyarakat kelurahan Pundata Baji yang bertindak sebagai responden. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima variabel bebas (independent) yaitu pendapatan (X1), pendidikan (X2), akses modal (X3), sarana dan prasarana (X4) dan pekerjaan (X5), sedangkan variabel terikatnya (dependent) adalah kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat (Y).. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik ketimpangan sosial ekonomi pada kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Labakkang Kabupaten Pangkep berada pada nilai tingkat ketimpangan sedang. Dengan demikian, adanya tingkat ketimpangan yang sedang di Kelurahan Pundata Baji menggambarkan bahwa adanya kesenjangan pendapatan di antara masyarakat, utamanya masyarakat yang bermukim pada wilayah pesisir. Sedangkan pengaruh perkembangan kawasan pesisir terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh faktor pendidikan dan sarana prasarana. Hal ini dikarenakan semakin pesatnya minat pemerintah daerah terhadap peningkatan keterampilan mutu sumber daya manusia SDM melalui program SPP gratis untuk para pelajar. Kemudian, hal tersebut juga memicu berkembangnya pembangunan dengan kebijakan pemerintah pusat dan daerah terhadap peningkatan infrastruktur. Namun tidak terdapat pengaruh secara signifkan atas perkembangan kawasan pesisir di Kecamatan Labakkang Kelurahan Pundata Baji Kabupaten Pangkep terhadap faktor pekerjaan, akses modal dan pendapatan daerah tersebut.
This study aims to examine and analyze the characteristics of inequality and the influence of the development of coastal areas on the socio-economic conditions of the community in Labakkang District, Pangkep Regency. This research is descriptive quantitative using analytical tools, namely the Gini coefficient (Gini ratio) or Gini index and multiple linear regression analysis. The data were obtained from the Statistics Indonesia in Pangkep Regency, the Spatial Planning Office of Pangkep Regency, the Labakkang District Office, the Pundata Baji Village Office and the people of Pundata Baji Village as the respondents. This study consists of five independent variables, namely income (X1), education (X2), access to capital (X3), facilities and infrastructure (X4) and employment (X5), while the dependent variable is the socio-economic conditions of the community (Y). The results showed that the characteristics of socio-economic inequality in the coastal area of ??Labakkang District, Pangkep Regency were at a moderate level of inequality. Thus, the moderate level of inequality in Pundata Baji Village illustrates that there is an income gap among the community, especially those who live in coastal areas. Meanwhile, the influence of the development of coastal areas on the socio-economic conditions of the community is significantly influenced by the factors of education and infrastructure. This is due to the increasing interest of local governments in improving the quality skills of human resources through the free tuition program for students. Then, this also triggers the improvement of the development through central and regional government policies towards infrastructure improvement. However, there is no significant influence on the development of the coastal area in Labakkang Subdistrict, Pundata Baji Village, Pangkep Regency on the factors of employment, access to capital and regional income.