bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are depressive symptoms associated with quality of care in diabetes? Findings from a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Jung Andreas , Du Yong , Nübel Julia , Busch Markus A , Heidemann Christin , Scheidt-Nave Christa , Baumert Jens 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionWe investigated whether the presence of depressive symptoms among adults with diagnosed diabetes is associated with adverse quality of diabetes care.Research design and methodsThe study population was drawn from the German national health survey ‘German Health Update’ 2014/2015-European Health Interview Survey and included 1712 participants aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes during the past 12 months. Depressive symptoms in the past 2 weeks were assessed by the eight-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), with PHQ-8 sum score values ≥10 indicating current depressive symptoms. We selected 12 care indicators in diabetes based on self-reported information on care processes and outcomes. Associations of depressive symptoms with those indicators were examined in multivariable logistic regression models with stepwise adjustments.ResultsOverall, 15.6% of adults with diagnosed diabetes reported depressive symptoms, which were higher in women than in men (18.7% vs 12.9%). Adjusted for age, sex, education, social support, health-related behaviors, and diabetes duration, adults with depressive symptoms were more likely to report acute hypoglycemia (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.88) or hyperglycemia (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.37) in the past 12 months, long-term diabetes complications (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.39) as well as currently having a diet plan (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.29) than adults without depressive symptoms. Significant associations between depressive symptoms and other care indicators were not observed.ConclusionsThe present population-based study of adults with diagnosed diabetes indicates an association between depressive symptoms and adverse diabetes-specific care with respect to outcome but largely not to process indicators. Our findings underline the need for intensified care for persons with diabetes and depressive symptoms. Future research needs to identify underlying mechanisms with a focus on the inter-relationship between diabetes, depression and diabetes-related distress.
Impact of social isolation on mortality and morbidity in 20 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries in five continents
Authors: Naito Ryo , Leong Darryl P , Bangdiwala Shrikant Ishver , McKee Martin , Subramanian S V , Rangarajan Sumathy , Islam Shofiqul , Avezum Alvaro , Yeates Karen E , Lear Scott A , Gupta Rajeev , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Dans Antonio L , Szuba Andrzej , Alhabib Khalid F , Kaur Manmeet , Rahman Omar , Seron Pamela , Diaz Rafael , Puoane Thandi , Liu Weida , Zhu Yibing , Sheng Yundong , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Chifamba Jephat , Rosnah Ismail , Karsidag Kubilay , Kelishadi Roya , Rosengren Annika , Khatib Rasha , K R Leela Itty Amma , Azam Syed Iqbal , Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the association between social isolation and mortality and incident diseases in middle-aged adults in urban and rural communities from high-income, middle-income and low-income countries.DesignPopulation-based prospective observational study.SettingUrban and rural communities in 20 high income, middle income and low income.Participants119 894 community-dwelling middle-aged adults.Main outcome measuresAssociations of social isolation with mortality, cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death and incident diseases.ResultsSocial isolation was more common in middle-income and high-income countries compared with low-income countries, in urban areas than rural areas, in older individuals and among women, those with less education and the unemployed. It was more frequent among smokers and those with a poorer diet. Social isolation was associated with greater risk of mortality (HR of 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.36), incident stroke (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.40), cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.25) and pneumonia (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.37), but not cancer. The associations between social isolation and mortality were observed in populations in high-income, middle-income and low-income countries (HR (95% CI): 1.69 (1.32 to 2.17), 1.27 (1.15 to 1.40) and 1.47 (1.25 to 1.73), respectively, interaction p=0.02). The HR associated with social isolation was greater in men than women and in younger than older individuals. Mediation analyses for the association between social isolation and mortality showed that unhealthy behaviours and comorbidities may account for about one-fifth of the association.ConclusionSocial isolation is associated with increased risk of mortality in countries at different economic levels. The increasing share of older people in populations in many countries argues for targeted strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.
Empirical study of the 30-s chair-stand test as an indicator for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour in Japanese office workers: a cross-sectional empirical study
Authors: Arimoto Azusa , Ishikawa Shoko , Tadaka Etsuko 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesSedentary behaviour among office workers and the risk of adverse health outcomes are public health problems. However, risk indicators for these outcomes require invasive biochemical examination. A proactive screening tool using a non-invasive, easy-to-use method is required to assess the risk focused on musculoskeletal health for primary prevention. However, middle-aged adults have insufficient awareness of musculoskeletal disorders. This study examined to determine whether the 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30) can be used as a proactive screening index for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour in office workers.DesignCross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires and physical measurements.SettingFour workplaces located in a metropolitan area of Japan.Participants431 Japanese office workers aged 20–64 years. 406 valid sets of results remained (valid response rate: 94.2%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresMusculoskeletal function was measured using the CS-30, quadriceps muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity and optimal cut-off value for the CS-30. The risk of future incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was calculated using current quadriceps muscle strength.ResultsIn total participants, 47.0% were male and the mean sitting time in work duration was 455.6 min/day (SD=111.2 min). The mean lower limb quadriceps muscle strength was 444.8 N (SD=131.3 N). For the optimum cut-off value of 23 on the CS-30 for all participants, sensitivity was 0.809 and specificity was 0.231. For men, the optimum cut-off was 25, with a sensitivity of 0.855 and a specificity 0.172. For women, the optimum cut-off was 21, with a sensitivity of 0.854 and a specificity 0.275.ConclusionsSensitivity was high, but specificity was insufficient. The CS-30 may be a potential proactive screening index for musculoskeletal disorder risk of sedentary behaviour, in combination with other indicators.
Retinal arteriolar calibre and venular fractal dimension predict progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation: a prospective, clinical interventional study
Authors: Torp Thomas Lee , Kawasaki Ryo , Wong Tien Yin , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWe examined the hypothesis that baseline retinal vascular geometry in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) predicts disease activity 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).Methods and analysisWe included 47 eyes from 40 patients with treatment-naïve PDR in a 6-month prospective study. Diagnosis of PDR and disease activity was evaluated by wide-ﬁeld ﬂuorescein angiography (Optomap, Optos, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK). At baseline and 6-month follow-up, the retinal vessel geometry was measured on optic disc centred images using semiautomated software Vessel Assessment and Measurement Platform for Images of the Retina (VAMPIRE, Dundee, Scotland).ResultsAt baseline, mean age and duration of diabetes was 51.6 and 21.4 years, and 62.5% were men. Seventeen eyes (36.2%) had progression of PDR during follow-up. At baseline, we found higher retinal arteriolar calibre (31.3±0.8 vs 28.8±0.8 pixels, p=0.02) and venous fractal dimension (FD) (1.257±0.011 vs 1.222±0.011, p=0.02) in eyes with progression of PDR as compared with eyes with non-progression. In a multiple logistic regression model, both higher retinal arteriolar calibre (OR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.64, p<0.01) and venular FD(OR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.27, p<0.01) predicted progression of PDR. Venular calibre was seen to increase from baseline to month six regardless of disease progression (non-progression 45.0±0.7 vs 52.7±1.8 pixels, p<0.01; progression 46.2±0.8 vs 51.0±1.7 pixels, p<0.01).ConclusionOur prospective study showed that arteriolar calibre and venular FDat baseline were predictive of disease activity 6 months after PRP treatment in patients with treatment-naïve PDR.
Hyperlipidaemia and mortality among patients hospitalised with pneumonia: retrospective cohort and propensity score matched study
Authors: Yousufuddin Mohammed , Sharma Umesh M , Bhagra Sumit , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo characterise the potential association of hyperlipidaemia (HLP) versus no HLP with all-cause mortality among patients hospitalised for pneumonia.DesignPropensity score matched retrospective study.ParticipantsThe study cohort consisted of consecutive 8553 adults hospitalised at a large academic centre with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia from 1996 through 2015, followed until death or end of the study period, 17 August 2017.OutcomesThe outcome was HR for mortality at 28 days and in the long term in patients with pneumonia with concurrent HLP compared with those with no HLP. We first constructed multivariable Cox proportional regression models to estimate the association between concurrent HLP versus no HLP and mortality after pneumonia hospitalisation for the entire cohort. We then identified 1879 patients with pneumonia with concurrent HLP and propensity score matched in a 1:1 ratio to 1879 patients with no HLP to minimise the imbalance from measured covariates for further analysis.ResultsAmong 8553 unmatched patients with pneumonia, concurrent HLP versus no HLP was independently associated with lower mortality at 28 days (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66) and at a median follow-up of 3.9 years (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.80). The risk difference in mortality was consistent between 1879 propensity score matched pairs both at 28 days (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86) and at a median follow-up of 4 years (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96). In the subgroup of patients with clinically measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), graded inverse associations between LDL-C levels and mortality were found in both unmatched and matched cohorts.ConclusionsAmong hospitalised patients with pneumonia, a diagnosis of HLP is protective against both short-term and long-term risk of death after adjustment for other major contributors to mortality in both unmatched and propensity score matched cohorts. These findings should be further investigated.
Risk factors of recurrent acute pancreatitis after conservative treatment in pediatric population: a single-center study
Authors: Zheng Qipeng , Yan Xueqiang , Ge Liang , Zhang Shujian , Sun Yan , Jia Jinfu , Zhao Shengqiao , Xu Xiaodan , Dou Ran , Gou Qingyun , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhan Jianghua 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAlthough complete resolution and recovery occurs in most children with an initial attack of acute pancreatitis (AP), a subset of children may progress to recurrent AP (RAP). RAP has serious effects to the individual and the socioeconomic burden. The aim of this project was to identify the independent risk factors for pediatric RAP so as to provide evidence for its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children discharged from Tianjin Children’s Hospital from June 2017 to January 2020 was performed. Demographic and clinical variables, treatment strategies, clinical course and outcomes were collected. Independent risk factors of RAP were identified using the logistic regression model.ResultsOf the total 96 enrolled children, 30 (31.3%) developed RAP during the follow-up period. The majority (27/30, 90%) of the children with AP developed RAP within 6 months of their first AP attack. The presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [odds ratio (OR)=6.652, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.989 to 22.247], fasting time (OR=1.267, 95% CI 1.104 to 1.583), whether meet all three AP diagnostic criteria (OR=7.438, 95% CI 1.346 to 41.103) and abnormal amylase/lipase value on the seventh day of hospitalization (OR=3.601, 95% CI 0.972 to 13.342) were independent risk factors of RAP in children.ConclusionsMost children who developed RAP had progressed within 6 months after their first episode of AP. RAP was more common in children who met all three AP diagnostic criteria at initial attack and in children with SIRS, long fasting time and abnormal amylase/lipase value on the seventh day of hospitalization.
On the nature of near-threshold bound and virtual states
Authors: Matuschek Inka , Baru Vadim , Guo Feng-Kun , Hanhart Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhysical states are characterised uniquely by their pole positions and the corresponding residues. Accordingly, in those parameters also the nature of the states should be encoded. For bound states (poles on the real s-axis below the lowest threshold on the physical sheet) there is an established criterion formulated originally by Weinberg in the 1960s, which allows one to estimate the amount of compact and molecular components in a given state. We demonstrate in this paper that this criterion can be straightforwardly extended to shallow virtual states (poles on the real s-axis below the lowest threshold on the unphysical sheet) which should be classified as molecular. We argue that predominantly non-molecular or compact states exist either as bound states or as resonances (poles on the unphysical sheet off the real energy axis) but not as virtual states. We also discuss the limitations of the mentioned classification scheme.
A simple method to determine charge-dependent curvature biases in track reconstruction in hadron collider experiments
Authors: Barter William , Pili Martina , Vesterinen Mika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new data-driven method, using $$Z\rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$

Z
→

μ
+

μ
-

decays, is proposed to correct for charge-dependent curvature biases in spectrometer experiments at hadron colliders. The method is studied assuming a detector with a “forward-spectrometer” geometry similar to that of the LHCb experiment, and is shown to reliably control several simplified detector mis-alignment configurations. The applicability of the method for use in measurements of precision electroweak observables is evaluated.
Machine Learning of Bone Marrow Histopathology Identifies Genetic and Clinical Determinants in Patients with MDS
Authors: Brück Oscar E. , Lallukka-Brück Susanna E. , Hohtari Helena R. , Ianevski Aleksandr , Ebeling Freja T. , Kovanen Panu E. , Kytölä Soili I. , Aittokallio Tero A. , Ramos Pedro M. , Porkka Kimmo V. , Mustjoki Satu M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), bone marrow (BM) histopathology is assessed to identify dysplastic cellular morphology, cellularity, and blast excess. Yet, other morphologic findings may elude the human eye. We used convolutional neural networks to extract morphologic features from 236 MDS, 87 MDS/MPN, and 11 control BM biopsies. These features predicted genetic and cytogenetic aberrations, prognosis, age, and gender in multivariate regression models. Highest prediction accuracy was found for TET2 [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) = 0.94] and spliceosome mutations (0.89) and chromosome 7 monosomy (0.89). Mutation prediction probability correlated with variant allele frequency and number of affected genes per pathway, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to identify relevant morphologic patterns. By converting regression models to texture and cellular composition, we reproduced the classical del(5q) MDS morphology consisting of hypolobulated megakaryocytes. In summary, this study highlights the potential of linking deep BM histopathology with genetics and clinical variables.

Significance:
Histopathology is elementary in the diagnostics of patients with MDS, but its high-dimensional data are underused. By elucidating the association of morphologic features with clinical variables and molecular genetics, this study highlights the vast potential of convolutional neural networks in understanding MDS pathology and how genetics is reflected in BM morphology.
See related commentary by Elemento, p. 195.
Toward Artificial Intelligence–Driven Pathology Assessment for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Elemento Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Brück and colleagues applied unsupervised and supervised machine learning to bone marrow histopathology images from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Their study provides new insights into the pathobiology of MDS and paves the way for increased use of artificial intelligence for the assessment and diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.
See related article by Brück et al., p. 238.
Art, Science and Anthropology: Co-Creating Knowledge and Building Peace in Colombia
Authors: Valencia-Tobon Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Following a peace agreement with guerrillas in November 2016, Colombia has been transitioning from almost six decades of violence to a post-conflict period. In such a process, members of society must reestablish dialogue and learn to coexist. Based on a participatory art approach used during a science project that involved ex-combatants, community leaders and biology researchers, this paper presents research methods that combine art and design exercises to advance scientific knowledge. Participants contributed to and developed new ways of understanding biological knowledge. Their collaboration also forged mutual trust and progress toward peace in the region.
CAFE60v1: A 60-year large ensemble climate reanalysis. Part II: Evaluation
Authors: O’Kane Terence J. , Sandery Paul A. , Kitsios Vassili , Sakov Pavel , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Squire Dougal T. , Collier Mark A. , Chapman Christopher C. , Fiedler Russell , Harries Dylan , Moore Thomas S. , Richardson Doug , Risbey James S. , Schroeter Benjamin J. E. , Schroeter Serena , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Tozer Carly , Watterson Ian G. , Black Amanda , Quinn Courtney , Matear Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system: version 1 (CAFE60v1) provides a large (96 member) ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to present with sufficiently many realizations and at spatio-temporal resolutions suitable to enable probabilistic climate studies. Using a variant of the ensemble Kalman filter, 96 climate state estimates are generated over the most recent six decades. These state estimates are constrained by monthly mean ocean, atmosphere and sea ice observations such that their trajectories track the observed state while enabling estimation of the uncertainties in the approximations to the retrospective mean climate over recent decades. For the atmosphere, we evaluate CAFE60v1 in comparison to empirical indices of the major climate teleconnections and blocking with various reanalysis products. Estimates of the large scale ocean structure, transports and biogeochemistry are compared to those derived from gridded observational products and climate model projections (CMIP). Sea ice (extent, concentration and variability) and land surface (precipitation and surface air temperatures) are also compared to a variety of model and observational products. Our results show that CAFE60v1 is a useful, comprehensive and unique data resource for studying internal climate variability and predictability, including the recent climate response to anthropogenic forcing on multi-year to decadal time scales.
Mechanisms of Low-Frequency Variability in North Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport and AMOC
Authors: Oldenburg Dylan , Wills Robert C. J. , Armour Kyle C. , Thompson LuAnne , Jackson Laura C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOcean heat transport (OHT) plays a key role in climate and its variability. Here, we identify modes of low-frequency North Atlantic OHT variability by applying a low-frequency component analysis (LFCA) to output from three global climate models. The first low-frequency component (LFC), computed using this method, is an index of OHT variability that maximizes the ratio of low-frequency variance (occurring at decadal and longer timescales) to total variance. Lead-lag regressions of atmospheric and ocean variables onto the LFC timeseries illuminate the dominant mechanisms controlling low-frequency OHT variability. Anomalous northwesterly winds from eastern North America over the North Atlantic act to increase upper ocean density in the Labrador Sea region, enhancing deep convection, which later increases OHT via changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The strengthened AMOC carries warm, salty water into the subpolar gyre, reducing deep convection and weakening AMOC and OHT. This mechanism, where changes in AMOC and OHT are driven primarily by changes in Labrador Sea deep convection, holds not only in models where the climatological (i.e., time-mean) deep convection is concentrated in the Labrador Sea, but also in models where the climatological deep convection is concentrated in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas or the Irminger and Iceland Basins. These results suggest that despite recent observational evidence suggesting that the Labrador Sea plays a minor role in driving the climatological AMOC, the Labrador Sea may still play an important role in driving low-frequency variability in AMOC and OHT.
CAFE60v1: A 60-year large ensemble climate reanalysis. Part I: System design, model configuration and data assimilation.
Authors: O’Kane Terence J. , Sandery Paul A. , Kitsios Vassili , Sakov Pavel , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Collier Mark A. , Fiedler Russell , Moore Thomas S. , Chapman Christopher C. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Matear Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe detail the system design, model configuration and data assimilation evaluation for the CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system: version 1. CAFE60v1 has been designed with the intention of simultaneously generating both initial conditions for multi-year climate forecasts and a large ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to present. Strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) is implemented via an ensemble transform Kalman filter in order to constrain a general circulation climate model to observations. Satellite (altimetry, sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration) and in-situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles are directly assimilated each month, whereas atmospheric observations are sub-sampled from the JRA-55 atmospheric reanalysis. Strong coupling is implemented via explicit cross domain covariances between ocean, atmosphere, sea ice and ocean biogeochemistry. Atmospheric and surface ocean fields are available at daily resolution and monthly resolution for the land, subsurface ocean and sea ice. The system produces 96 climate trajectories (state estimates) over the most recent six decades as well as a complete data archive of initial conditions potentially enabling individual forecasts for all members each month over the 60 year period. The size of the ensemble and application of strongly coupled data assimilation lead to new insights for future reanalyses.