bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in medication reconciliation interventions between six hospitals: a mixed method study
Authors: Stuijt C C M , vd Bemt B J F , Boerlage V E , Janssen M J A , Taxis K , Karapinar F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough medication reconciliation (MedRec) is mandated and effective in decreasing preventable medication errors during transition of care, hospitals implement MedRec differently.ObjectiveQuantitatively compare the number and type of MedRec interventions between hospitals upon admission and discharge, followed by a qualitative analysis on potential reasons for these differences.MethodsThis explanatory retrospective mixed method study included patients from six hospitals and various wards in case MedRec was performed both on hospital admission and discharge. Information on pharmacy interventions to resolve unintended discrepancies and medication optimizations were collected. Based on these quantitative results, interviews and a focus group was performed to give insight in MedRec processes. Descriptive analysis was used for the quantitative-, content analysis for the qualitative part.ResultsOn admission, patients with at least one discrepancy varied from 36-95% (mean per patient 2.2 (SD± 2.4) Upon discharge, these numbers ranged from 5-28% while optimizations reached 2% (admission) to 95% (discharge).The main themes explaining differences in numbers of interventions were patient-mix, healthcare professionals involved, location and moment of the interview plus embedding and extent of medication optimization.ConclusionsHospitals differed greatly in the number of interventions performed during MedRec. A combination of patient-mix, healthcare professionals involved, location and timing of the interview plus embedding and extent of medication optimization resulted in the highest yield of MedRec interventions on unintended medication discrepancies and optimizations. This study supports to give direction to optimize MedRec processes in hospitals.
Altered functional connectivity relates to motor performance deficits in bipolar but not unipolar depression
Authors: Marten Lara E. , Singh Aditya , Muellen Anna M. , Noack Sören M. , Kozyrev Vladislav , Schweizer Renate , Goya-Maldonado Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderpinnings of psychomotor deficits in bipolar and unipolar depression remain underexplored. Here, we hypothesize that motor performance deficits in patients may be partially explained by altered functional connectivities between hand primary motor cortex and posterior cingulate cortex with supplementary motor area.95 participants between 18-65 years of age, including bipolar depressed, unipolar depressed, and sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls, participated in this observational study with two separate visits about five weeks apart, during which the patients received psychopharmacological treatment. Motor performance was measured with a finger-tapping-task and related to functional connectivity from individual seeds in hand primary motor cortex and posterior cingulate cortex as well as to the default mode and sensory motor networks from resting state functional MRI data.79 participants (45.6% females, 21 bipolar depressed, 27 unipolar depressed and 31 healthy controls) were included in the analysis. Using a finger-tapping-task, the groups differed in motor performance (ANOVA factor “group” F(2,76) = 4.122; p = 0.020) and bipolar depressed but not unipolar depressed showed performance deficits compared to controls (post-hoc-test p = 0.023 and p = 0.158 respectively). Behavioral performance correlated with functional coupling of posterior cingulate cortex - supplementary motor area, but not with coupling of primary motor cortex - supplementary motor area at cluster-wise correction level p FWEc < 0.05. Correlation differences were seen in posterior cingulate cortex - supplementary motor area (healthy controls>bipolar depressed, unipolar depressed>bipolar depressed) at second visit and in primary motor cortex - supplementary motor area (bipolar depressed>unipolar depressed) at both visits at cluster-wise correction level p FWEc<0.05. Motor performance did not relate to functional coupling of sensory motor network - anterior (visit 1 p = 0.375, visit 2 p = 0.700) or - posterior (visit 1 p = 0.903, visit 2 p = 0.772) default mode network.Motor performance deficits were seen exclusively in bipolar depressed and related to reduced posterior cingulate cortex - supplementary motor area functional connectivity at rest. Our results shed new light on a possible disruption in the anticorrelation between these regions, which seems fundamental for the preservation of motor skills. Given that nuisance factors were controlled for in the study, it is unlikely that the main results are biased by lefthanders, medication load, seed volumes, or differences in movements during MRI scanning. If these findings are confirmed, new targeted non-invasive interventions, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, may be more effective against psychomotor deficits in bipolar depression, when aimed at modulating the supplementary motor area.
COVID-19 Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica in 2020-2021
Authors: Berry Crista-Lee Shahine , Melbourne-Chambers Roxanne Helene , Harrison Abigail Natalie , Anzinger Joshua James , Gordon-Johnson Kelly-Ann Maxorinthia , Deyde Varough Mohamed , Claire Christie Celia Dana 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesMultisystem inflammatory syndrome of children (MISC) carries a high attributable morbidity. We describe children aged <16 years hospitalised with COVID-19 and/or MISC, April 2020 to June 2021.MethodsAll were tested for SARS-CoV-2, infectious disease consultations performed, modified CDC criteria for MISC applied, charts reviewed and data analyzed.ResultsAmong 79 consecutive children with SARS-CoV-2, 41(52%) were hospitalised; with median age 10.5 years; Afro-Caribbean ethnicity 40(98%); males 21(51%); SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity 26 (63%), IgG/IgM positivity 7(17%), community exposures 8 (20%). MISC-cases 18 (44%) vs. non-MISC 23(56%) had fever (94% vs. 30%; p<0.01), fatigue/lethargy (41% vs. 4%; p=0.004), rhinorrhoea (28% vs. 4%; p=0.035), elevated neutrophils (100% vs. 87%; p=0.024) and ≥4 abnormal inflammatory biomarkers 13 (72%). MISC-cases had ≥2 organ/systems (100% vs. 35%; p<0.01), including gastrointestinal (72% vs. 17%; p<0.01), haematological/coagulopathic (67% vs. 4%; p<0.01); dermatologic (56% vs. 0%; p<0.01), cardiac (17% vs. 0%; p=0.042) with Kawasaki Syndrome (44% vs. 0%; p<0.01) and pleural effusions (17% vs. 0%; p=0.042). MISC-cases were treated with intravenous immune gammaglobulin (14, 78%), aspirin (12, 68%), steroids (9, 50%) and intensive care with non-invasive ventilation (2, 11%). One (6%) with pre-morbid illness died, the remainder recovered.ConclusionMISC was treated successfully with intravenous gammaglobulin, steroids and/or aspirin in 94% before cardiopulmonary decompensation, or need for inotropes, vasopressors, or invasive ventilation.
Type II muscle fibre properties are not associated with balance recovery following large perturbations during walking in young and older adults
Authors: McCrum Christopher , Grevendonk Lotte , Schaart Gert , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Jörgensen Johanna. A. , Gemmink Anne , Meijer Kenneth , Hoeks Joris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFalls among older adults are often attributed to declining muscle strength with ageing. Associations between muscle strength and balance control have been reported, but the evidence for, and key mechanisms of resistance exercise in fall prevention are unclear. No studies have directly examined the relationship between muscle fibre characteristics and reactive balance control. Here, we address whether or not Type II muscle fibre characteristics associate with reactive balance during walking in young and older adults with varying muscle fibre type composition. We analyse muscle biopsy-derived fibre characteristics and stability during a treadmill-based walking perturbation (trip-like) task of healthy young adults, healthy, normally active older adults, trained older adults and physically impaired older adults. We find no significant associations between Type II muscle fibre properties and reactive balance during walking, indicating that practitioners and researchers should consider more than just the muscle tissue properties when assessing and intervening on fall risk.
Two Liberibacter Effectors Combine to Suppress Critical Innate Immune Defenses and Facilitate Huanglongbing Pathogenesis in Citrus
Authors: Basu Supratim , Huynh Loan , Zhang Shujian , Rabara Roel , Nguyen Hau , Valesquez Jeanette , Hao Guixia , Miles Godfrey , Shi Qingchun , Stover Ed , Gupta Goutam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenome sequence analyses predicted the presence of effectors in the gram-negative Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) even without the presence of a classical type III secretion system. Since CLas is not culturable, it is not possible to perform traditional gene knockout experiments to determine the role of various effectors in Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogenesis. Therefore, we followed an alternative functional genomics approach to examine the role of the CLas effectors in HLB pathogenesis in general and more specifically in suppressing citrus innate immune response. Here, we focused on the CLas effectors, P235 and Effector 3, to perform the following studies. First, proteomic studies by LC-MS/MS were conducted to screen the putative interacting citrus protein partners of P235 and Effector 3 from the healthy and CLas-infected Hamlin extracts and the most probable candidates were identified based upon their high protein scores from LC-MS/MS. Second, a transgenic tobacco split GFP system was designed for in planta detection of the most probable citrus interacting protein partners of P235 and Effector 3. Third, in vitro and in planta studies were performed to show that each of two effectors interacts with and inhibits the functions of multiple citrus proteins belonging to the innate immune pathways. These inhibitory interactions led to a high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), blocking of bactericidal lipid binding protein (LTP), and induction of premature programmed cell death (PCD), thereby supporting CLas infection and HLB pathogenesis. Finally, an LTP mimic was designed to sequester and block the CLas effector and to rescue the bactericidal activity of LTP.
Comparison of VATS Pleurectomy/Decortication Surgery plus Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy with VATS talc pleurodesis for the treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Migliore Marcello , Fiore Maria , Tumino Rosario , Filippini Tommaso , Nardini Marco , Spatola Corrado , Castorina Sergio , Vigneri Paolo , Monte Ines , Polosa Riccardo , Ferrante Margherita ,   the University of Catania Study Group on Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionNo previous study provides compelling evidence to convince surgeons to opt for one procedure over another for the treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) adjunct to surgery for MPM has no definite role. The primary objective of this randomized pilot trial was to evaluate the feasibility for future large studies.MethodThe study design was a prospective randomized three-centric pilot trial (ISRCTN12709516). We recruited patients diagnosed with MPM and prospectively assigned them to two groups: Group A Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) talc pleurodesis or Group B VATS P/D plus HITHOC. The main outcome measures were description of study feasibility. We collected socio-demographic and clinical patient information. Data of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis are presented.ResultsFrom November-2011 to July-2017 24 males and 3 females, with a median age of 68-years were enrolled (recruitment rate 5 patients/year). Preoperative stage was I-II, and 18 had epithelioid type. 14 patients were in the Group A. Operative mortality was 0. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 80 months. The median overall survival time started to diverge at 20 months. In Group A, it was 19 months (95% CI:12-25) and in Group B, it was 28 months (95% CI:0-56). Survival rate for the epithelioid type was 15 months (0-34) in groups A. and 45 months (0-107) in the Group B with an HR 0.77 (95% CI:0.28-2.2).ConclusionThese findings suggest that VATS P/D plus HITHOC may improve survival time in MPM patients undergoing surgical treatment and support the need for a larger multicenter randomized clinical trial.Strengths and limitations of this studythis pilot study represents an important step forward of the treatment of malignant pleural mesotheliomaThe study demonstrates the feasibility for a multicenter randomized trial to compare VATS P/D plus HITHOC with VATS talc pleurodesis in the management of MPMAlthough survival for the epitheliod type is 45 months, the inclusion of small number of patients is a limitation.Although neoadjuvant, adjuvant chemo-radio or immunotherapy have been administered to the patients, we have no specific information about doses for every single patient.A potential source of bias could be that the house staff of the Centre A has not been formally educated about the study while in the Centre B house staff was informed about the pilot trial.
Insights into spray impingement on mask surface: effect of mask properties on penetration and aerosolization of cough droplets
Authors: Vadlamudi Gautham , Thirumalaikumaran S K , Chakravortty Dipshikha , Saha Abhishek , Basu Saptarshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of face masks, making them a part of people’s routine during the pandemic which is still continuing. The face masks act as source control, reducing the transmission of infectious respiratory droplets by acting as a physical barrier blocking the droplets during speaking, breathing, coughing, sneezing, etc. The novelty of current study is to generate a spray with the droplet size distribution and velocity scale similar that of an actual cough or a mild sneeze to fundamentally investigate the effects of mask properties on model-cough impingement. The spray replicates the presence of both large-sized and small-sized droplets similar to an actual cough, which makes the observations relevant to real-life situations. The spray is impinged on different mask samples with varying properties like porosity, pore size, fabric thickness, and their combinations in multilayer configuration. The effect of mask properties on the droplet penetration volume is studied as it leads to the release of higher pathogen loading into the surroundings. A two-step penetration criteria based on viscous dissipation and capillary effects have been applied along with a third criteria based on the porosity of the mask sample that is specifically applicable for the spray impingement. The droplets present in the impinging cough can penetrate through the mask, atomizing into the aerosolization range and thus increasing the infection potential. Hence the effect of mask properties on the droplet size distribution as well as the velocity distribution of the penetrated droplets has been investigated using in-vitro experimental manikin model, which will be essential for estimating the range of infection spread. The filtration of virus-emulating nanoparticles as well as the fate of the penetrated respiratory droplets, with a susceptible person in the proximity, has also been investigated.
Predictive utility of mortality by aging measures at different hierarchical levels and the response to modifiable lifestyle factors: Implications for geroprotective programs
Authors: Zhang Jingyun , Cao Xingqi , Chen Chen , He Liu , Ren Ziyang , Xiao Junhua , Han Liyuan , Wu Xifeng , Liu Zuyun 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAging, as a multi-dimensional process, can be measured at different hierarchical levels including biological, phenotypic, and functional levels. The aims of this study were to: 1) compare the predictive utility of mortality by three aging measures at three hierarchical levels; 2) develop a composite aging measure that integrated aging measures at different hierarchical levels; and 3) evaluate the response of these aging measures to modifiable lifestyle factors.MethodsData from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 were used. Three aging measures included telomere length (TL, biological level), Phenotypic Age (PA, phenotypic level), and frailty index (FI, functional level). Mortality information was collected until Dec. 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression and multiple linear regression models were performed.ResultsA total of 3249 participants (20-84 years) were included. Both accelerations (accounting for chronological age) of PA and FI were significantly associated with mortality, with HRs of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-1.98) and 1.59 (95% CI = 1.35-1.87), respectively, while that of TL showed nonsignificant associations. We thus developed a new composite aging measure (named PC1) integrating the accelerations of PA and FI, and demonstrated its better predictive utility relative to each single aging measure. PC1, as well as the accelerations of PA and FI, were responsive to several lifestyle factors.ConclusionThe findings, for the first time, provide a full picture of the predictive utility of mortality by three aging measures at three hierarchical levels and the response to modifiable lifestyle factors, with important implications for geroprotective programs.
Outcomes of Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Pregnant Women with Mild to Moderate COVID-19
Authors: Thilagar Bright P. , Ghosh Aditya K. , Nguyen Jerome , Theiler Regan N. , Wick Myra J. , Hurt Ryan T. , Razonable Raymund R. , Ganesh Ravindra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-spike monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in high-risk patients who are pregnant.MethodsThe database of patients treated with monoclonal antibodies in the Mayo Clinic Midwest region was reviewed for patients who were pregnant at the time of infusion. Manual chart review was performed to collect demographic details as well as COVID course for both the mother and the infant if delivered. The data are presented using descriptive methods.ResultsWe identified fifty-one pregnant patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who were treated with MAb (4 with bamlanivimab monotherapy, 3 with bamlanivimab-etesevimab combination, and 44 with the casirivimab-imdevimab combination). No adverse effects were reported, and no patient required COVID-19 related hospitalization. Twenty-nine patients delivered healthy babies, there was one case of intrauterine fetal demise secondary to a congenital Ebstein anomaly (not related to MAb treatment), and twenty-one were uncomplicated pregnancies.ConclusionMAb infusions were well tolerated in pregnant patients considered at high risk for COVID-19 complications, with no observed adverse effects to mother or fetus. Although preliminary data suggest MAb therapy in pregnancy is safe, further research is recommended to fully assess safety and efficacy in pregnancy.TEACHING POINTSAnti-spike monoclonal antibody therapy is well tolerated in high-risk pregnant patients with mild to moderate COVID-19No adverse effects of anti-spike monoclonal antibody administration were observed in either the mother or fetus.
GnRH pulse generator frequency is modulated by kisspeptin and GABA-glutamate interactions in the posterodorsal medial amygdala in female mice
Authors: Lass G , Li XF , Wall E , de Burgh RA , Ivanova D , McIntyre C , Lin XH , Colledge WH , Lightman SL , O’Byrne KT 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus generate GnRH pulses, and act as critical initiators of functional gonadotrophin secretion, and reproductive competency. However, kisspeptin in other brain regions, most notably the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD), plays a significant modulatory role over the hypothalamic kisspeptin population; our recent studies using optogenetics have shown that low frequency light stimulation of MePD kisspeptin results in increased LH pulse frequency. Nonetheless, the neurochemical pathways that underpin this regulatory function remain unknown. To study this, we have utilised an optofluid technology, precisely combining optogenetic stimulation with pharmacological receptor antagonism, to investigate the neurotransmission involved in this circuitry. We have shown that functional neurotransmission of both GABAAand glutamate is a requirement for effective modulation of the GnRH pulse generator by amygdala kisspeptin neurons.
Obesity impairs therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting cardiolipin-dependent mitophagy and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Sagar Shakti , Faizan Md. Imam , Chaudhary Nisha , Gheware Atish , Sharma Khushboo , Azmi Iqbal , Singh Vijay Pal , Kharya Gaurav , Mabalirajan Ulaganathan , Agrawal Anurag , Ahmad Tanveer , Roy Soumya Sinha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation alleviates metabolic defects in diseased recipient cells by intercellular mitochondrial transport (IMT). However, the effect of host metabolic conditions on MSCs in general, and IMT in particular, has largely remained unexplored. This study has identified a molecular pathway that primarily governs the metabolic function and IMT of MSCs. We found underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired mitophagy, and reduced IMT in MSCs derived from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice (MSC-Ob). Mechanistically, MSC-Ob failed to sequester their damaged mitochondria into LC3-dependent autophagosomes due to decrease in mitochondrial cardiolipin content, which we propose as a putative mitophagy receptor for LC3 in MSCs. Functionally, MSC-Ob exhibited diminished potential to rescue metabolic deficits and cell death in stress-induced epithelial cells. In a small molecule screen, we found pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a regulator of mitophagy and IMT. Long-term culture of MSC-Ob with PQQ (MSC-ObPQQ) restored cardiolipin content and sequestration of mitochondria to autophagosomes with concomitant activation of mitophagy. Upon co-culture, MSC-ObPQQrescued cell death in stress-induced epithelial cells by enhancing IMT. The beneficial effect of PQQ was also evident in MSCs derived from human subjects in an in vitro model. In two independent mice models, the transplantation of MSC-ObPQQrestored IMT to airway epithelial cells, improved their mitochondrial metabolism and attenuated features of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). However, unmodulated MSC-Ob failed to do so. In summary, we uncover the molecular mechanism leading to the therapeutic decline of obese-derived MSCs and highlight the importance of pharmacological modulation of these cells for therapeutic intervention.