bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials Based on a Large Conjugated Electron‐Deficient Core for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hai Jiefeng , Wu Hao , Yin Xinxing , Song Jiaxing , Hu Lin , Jin Yingzhi , Li Ling , Su Zhen , Xu Zhiguang , Wang Hao , Li Zaifang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHole transport materials (HTMs) play a significant role in device efficiencies and long‐term stabilities of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, two simple dopant‐free HTMs are designed with a large conjugated electron‐deficient core. On the one hand, a large coplanar backbone endows enhanced π–π stacking and reduced hole hopping distance. On the other hand, the incorporation of electron‐deficient unit can easily tune the energy levels as well as increase hole mobilities. Combining these two advantages together, 12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4,5]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole is chosen as the large electron‐deficient core to construct two novel dopant‐free HTMs, Y6‐T and Y‐T. Both Y6‐T and Y‐T behave suitable highest occupied molecular orbital levels, good hole mobilities, as well as strong hydrophobicities. After careful device optimization with a passivation agent, Y‐T delivers an impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.29%, which is higher than that of Y6‐T (18.82%) and doped spiro‐OMeTAD (19.24%). Moreover, PSCs based on Y6‐T and Y‐T show much better long‐term stabilities than spiro‐OMeTAD due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity. Therefore, this work provides a promising candidate as well as a useful design strategy for exploring dopant‐free HTMs, which may pave the way for the commercialization of PSCs.
A Nationwide Survey on Digestive Reconstruction Following Pharyngolaryngectomy With Total Esophagectomy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Okamura Akihiko , Watanabe Masayuki , Mukoyama Nobuaki , Ota Yoshihiro , Shiraishi Osamu , Shimbashi Wataru , Baba Yoshifumi , Matsui Hidetoshi , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Sugimura Keijiro , Morita Masaru , Sakai Makoto , Sato Hiroshi , Shibata Tomotaka , Nasu Motomi , Matsumoto Shuichi , Toh Yasushi , Shiotani Akihiro ,   the Japan Broncho‐Esophagological Society, Pharyngolaryngectomy with Total Esophagectomy (JBES‐PLTE) Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimDigestive reconstruction after pharyngolaryngectomy with total esophagectomy (PLTE) remains challenging, with the optimal method remaining unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the short‐term outcomes after PLTE and determine the optimal digestive reconstruction method.MethodsBased on a nationwide survey of 151 patients who underwent PLTE, outcomes of digestive reconstruction methods are described.ResultsAmong digestive reconstruction methods, a simple gastric tube was most frequently used (37.1%), followed by gastric tube combined with free graft transfer (FGT) (35.1%), gastric tube with microvascular anastomosis (22.5%), and other procedures (5.3%). Intraoperative evaluation of microcirculation (IOEM) was utilized in 29 patients (19.2%). Among the included patients, 66.9% developed any‐grade complications, 41.0% developed severe complications, and 23.8% developed digestive reconstruction‐related complications (DRRCs; leakage or necrosis). Reoperation within 30 days for any complications and DRRCs was required in 13.9% and 8.6% of the patients, respectively. Mortality within 90 days was observed in 4.6%. Among the three major methods, gastric tube combined with FGT promoted the least DRRCs in the gastric tube (P = .005), although the overall incidence of DRRCs was comparable. The use of IOEM was significantly associated with a reduction of severe DRRCs (P = .005).ConclusionsPharyngolaryngectomy with total esophagectomy is a high‐risk surgery significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, the addition of FGT can help prevent gastric tip complications, while IOEM can be an effective method for improving outcomes.
Novel hemizygous loss‐of‐function variant in NONO identified in a South African boy
Authors: Coetzer Kimberly Christine , Moosa Shahida 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in the non‐POU domain‐containing, octamer‐binding gene, NONO, cause X‐linked mental retardation syndrome 34 (MRXS34). Here, we describe the 12th patient in the literature with this rare syndrome, the first affected male from sub‐Saharan Africa. This South African patient presented with dysmorphic features, congenital cardiac abnormalities (Ebstein's anomaly, left ventricular non‐compaction, and a VSD), and developmental delay. He was enrolled in our “Undiagnosed Disease Programme.” Exome sequencing identified a novel hemizygous 14bp deletion in NONO, which he inherited from his unaffected, healthy mother. His features overlap with the previous patients described, lending more support to the assertion that MRXS34 is a recognizable, albeit rare, syndrome. The cardiac anomalies are particularly distinctive, which combined with a variety of other associated features, should prompt the inclusion of NONO‐associated MRXS34 in the differential diagnosis.
Acid sulfite pulping of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita as a pretreatment method for multiproduct biorefineries
Authors: Fiskari Juha , Kilpeläinen Petri 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConversion of biomass into saleable biochemicals and fuels requires the use of a pretreatment to enable subsequent processing. Acid sulfite pulping is one of the most cost‐effective strategies, because the chemicals are inexpensive and the technology is available on an industrial scale. It also allows the simultaneous production of cellulosic fibers and lignosulfonate. However, too little is known about the feasibility of acid sulfite pulping of tropical hardwoods. The objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of the response of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita in acid sulfite pulping. The plantation‐grown hardwood chip samples were obtained from Sabah, Malaysia. The sulfite cooking experiments were carried out in autoclaves with temperatures of 130°C and 140°C and varied chemical charges. The results revealed that a cooking temperature of 140°C was needed to reach kappa numbers below 30, but this also resulted in much reduced fiber length and higher fines content than 130°C, probably due to the intensified acid hydrolysis. To reach kappa numbers below 20, more severe cooking conditions are needed. These results demonstrate that using A. mangium and E. pellita as feedstocks allows feasible production of chemical pulp and sulfonated lignin, which are intermediate products for biorefineries.
Clinical features and related factors of freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Fengting , Shi Jin , Duan Yangyang , Cheng Jiang , Li Hui , Xuan Tingting , Lv Yue , Wang Peng , Li Haining 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling paroxysmal gait disorder that prevents starting or resuming walking, which seriously negatively affects patients’ quality of life (QOL). The diagnosis and treatment of FOG remain a huge medical challenge. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and related factors of FOG in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThe motor and nonmotor symptoms of a total number of 77 PD patients were evaluated. Patients with or without FOG were defined as a score ≥1 in the new freezing of gait questionnaire (NFOG‐Q). A comparative study between patients with and without FOG was conducted.ResultsIn this investigation, the prevalence of FOG was 48%. The patients with FOG had longer disease duration, higher Hoehn‐Yahr stage (H‐Y stage), higher dose of dopaminergic agents, and higher nonmotor and motor symptom scores. A significant positive correlation was found between the NFOG‐Q score and the H‐Y stage, PIGD subscore, PDQ‐39, and the attention/memory in the nonmotor symptoms assessment scale (NMSS) subitem (r > 0.5, p < .05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the higher H‐Y stage, higher rigidity subscore and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale II (UPDRS II) score, and UPDRS III score were significantly correlated with the occurrence of FOG (p < .05). In the analysis of the frequency of FOG, the prevalence of FOG in H‐Y stage was higher in the middle and late stages, and the prevalence of FOG increased with the increase in PDQ‐39 scores.ConclusionThe severity of FOG was significantly positively correlated with the H‐Y stage, PIGD subscore, PDQ‐39 score, and attention/memory score. Based on our findings, we conclude that the clinical characteristics of rigidity can be used as a potential predictor of FOG.
Fatal disseminated pyogenic infection due to hypermucoviscous hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: A case report and literature review
Authors: Salawati Emad M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia is becoming recognized globally and has been associated with serious sequelae including death. However, ethnicity and metastatic infections are characteristics for hypermucoviscous hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and should be rolled in/out by PCR and/or string test.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the pancreas mimicking neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided needle biopsy
Authors: De Luca Luca , Tommasoni Silvia , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Repici Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPancreatic metastases of kidney are rare, and they can occur several years after nephrectomy. EUS‐guided histology needle and appropriate immunohistochemistry stains are pivotal in showing pathognomonic marker of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
An unusual case of colonic mass
Authors: Vrakas Spyridon , Kourkoulis Panagiotis , Koutoufaris Georgios , Manoloudaki Kassiani , Xourgias Vasilis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColonic metastasis due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. Although it is rare, colonic metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of colonic mass.
Candidemia in COVID‐19 treated with corticosteroids and tocilizumab
Authors: Yamamoto Koichiro , Nakamura Kaoru , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 patients treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs are rarely complicated by candidemia. Since immunosuppressive therapy can blunt inflammatory reactions, clinicians should actively survey latent candidemia during severe COVID‐19 treatment.
Stump appendicitis, a rare but serious complication of appendectomy: A case report
Authors: Hadrich Zied , Mroua Bassem , Zribi Slim , Bouassida Mehdi , Touinssi Hassan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStump appendicitis is a rare delayed post‐appendectomy complication. This diagnosis must be considered in case of right iliac fossa pain in a patient with a history of appendicectomy
Hemothorax after snake bite
Authors: Abdalazim Dafallah Mumen , Habour Elsanosi , Ahmed Ragab Esraa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHemothorax after snake bite is very rare and unusual presentation. Administration of antivenom with supportive measures and close monitoring can prevent further deterioration. Delays in the transportation of patients to health facilities where antivenom and other therapeutic resources are provided can lead to devastating consequences.
Recent advances and developments in COVID‐19 in the context of allergic diseases
Authors: Ding Mei , Dong Xiang , Sun Yuan‐li , Sokolowska Milena , Akdis Mübeccel , van de Veen Willem , Azkur Ahmet Kursat , Azkur Dilek , Akdis Cezmi A. , Gao Ya‐dong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the first reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, there have been 198 million confirmed cases worldwide as of August 2021. The scientific community has joined efforts to gain knowledge of the newly emerged virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the immunopathological mechanisms leading to COVID‐19, and its significance for patients with allergies and asthma.MethodsBased on the current literature, recent advances and developments in COVID‐19 in the context of allergic diseases were reviewed.Results and ConclusionsIn this review, we discuss the prevalence of COVID‐19 in subjects with asthma, attacks of hereditary angioedema, and other allergic diseases during COVID‐19. Underlying mechanisms suggest a protective role of allergy in COVID‐19, involving eosinophilia, SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors expression, interferon responses, and other immunological events, but further studies are needed to fully understand those associations. There has been significant progress in disease evaluation and management of COVID‐19, and allergy care should continue during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology (EAACI) launched a series of statements and position papers providing recommendations on the organization of the allergy clinic, handling of allergen immunotherapy, asthma, drug hypersensitivity, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic diseases. Treatment of allergies using biologics during the COVID‐19 pandemic has also been discussed. Allergic reactions to the COVID‐19 vaccines, including severe anaphylaxis, have been reported. Vaccination is a prophylactic strategy that can lead to a significant reduction in the mortality and morbidity associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and in this review, we discuss the proposed culprit components causing rare adverse reactions and recommendations to mitigate the risk of anaphylactic events during the administration of the vaccines.
Impact of surgery associated with radiotherapy on the prognosis of breast cancer – Guinea Breast Cancer Cohort Study
Authors: Traore Bangaly , Keita Mamady , Toure Abdoulaye , Camara Ibrahima , Barry Assiatou , Koulibaly Moussa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a country where radiotherapy (RT) is not available, advocacy based on the relevance of surgery + adjuvant RT in locoregional control and survival is needed.AimTo evaluate the impact of surgery with RT on local control and survival compared to surgery alone in breast cancer (BC).Methods and resultsBetween 2007 and 2016, 210 patients with BC were retrospectively reviewed, of which 90 patients underwent surgery with RT (group 1) and 120 patients' surgery (group 2). There were several treatment combinations, including surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy [ACT], RT, and ACT. The results showed 88 (41.9%) cases of relapse, including 31 (34.4%) (group 1) and 57 (47.5%) (group 2) (p = .046). Recurrence occurred after a mean time of 1.5 years in group 1 versus 0.66 years in group 2 (p = .006). The 5‐year overall and BC‐specific survivals were 49.5% and 62.5%, respectively. The 5‐year survival was 60.0% (group 1) and 40.0% (group 2) (p < .05). In a multivariate analysis by Cox model, we found that the risk of death was 1.90 81 (95% CI [1.17 09–3.0701]) higher in group 2 (p = .009022), 1.69 85 (95% CI 1.00087–23.86157) in obese patients and decreased by 0.21 (95% CI [0.129–0.368]) in patients who did not relapse (p < .001).ConclusionIn this study with several combination therapies, we cannot confirm that RT improves mainly locally advanced BC prognosis regardless of systemic treatment. However, we found that the risk of death correlated with the absence of RT, overweight, and risk of recurrence. Consideration of combinations of locoregional and systemic therapies, clinicopathological and biological data could improve the relevance of these results with a large sample size.
Effects of open caption telop color on value perception in the news context: From the tone perspective
Authors: Li Gong , Kawabata Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that color plays a vital role in the perception of visual information. This study clarified the cognitive differences generated by open caption telop colors in the perception of news value as importance, novelty, and timeliness among the negative, neutral, and positive news contexts. We also explored the news value integration by the color in the news emotional context. In this study, three tones, that is, the bright, deep, and vivid with eight chromatic hues, were selected from the practical color coordinate system, which are tried to be loyal to the news practice. We conducted a repeated measures ANOVA and correlation tests to clarify the open caption telop color effects. Our findings suggest that the open caption telop with deep‐tone hues can facilitate the news to be perceived as more important, particularly in the negative context and vice versa. In some ways, this result partially applies to the news timeliness dimension, although its performance is relatively more complicated. The color performance in the perception of news novelty was observed to be the contrary with the other two dimensions. The 3D spaces created reveal that the news value integration by color highly depends on the news emotional context.
Low power ASK modulator based on direct injection‐locked current reuse VCO in 130‐nm CMOS technology for high data rate RFID applications
Authors: Yasir Umair , Li Xiuping , Cao Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA low power consumption Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulator employing current reuse cross‐coupled (CRC) LC‐VCO topology and direct injection locking (IL) technique at 10.5‐GHz frequency is presented in this paper. The modulator consumes 864 μW with a DC supply of 1.2 V drawing an average current of 720 μA. The differential VCO is composed of a PMOS‐NMOS pair in stacked series cross‐coupled connection enabling current reuse which results in reduction of the average current drawn from the power source. For comparison, the ASK modulator is also realized with conventional cross‐coupled (CC) topology using NMOS pair. Both circuit approaches are carried out in GF 130‐nm CMOS technology and the post‐layout simulation results of 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 integrated circuits (ICs) show that the CRC topology consumes less power and half of the average current compared to CC topology. Owing to low power requirements, the CRC ASK modulator can be used in self‐powered active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag transmitters for higher data rates.
Lost in transition: Student journeys and becoming—Deliberations for a post‐COVID era
Authors: Pollard Lucie , Bamford Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an empathetic perspective of the cultural dynamic of migrant students' first experiences of university, told through the student voice. It focuses on the transition of students into higher education (HE); not always considered as part of the formal curriculum, providing a deeper understanding of students' transition via the cultural context of their HE experience. While this research took place prior to the COVID pandemic, it is clear that the pandemic has led to an increased use of virtual learning platforms across the sector, and this is set to continue as institutions emerge from the pandemic, suggesting that transition will not necessarily take place within university buildings. If belonging was a challenge for some students prior to the pandemic, how will institutions support transition for the new pedagogy? The cultural experiences of first‐, second‐ and third‐generation migrant students have been scantily written about in this context. This paper contributes to current understanding by providing insights gleaned through the narrative accounts of students. Development of agency, belonging and community is framed through an approach that empowers and offers a co‐learner frame, achieved through the students' voices, offering narratives of the cultural experience of university.
Host shifts in economically significant fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) with high degree of polyphagy
Authors: He Jiayao , Chen Ke , Jiang Fan , Pan Xubin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInsects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species‐rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long‐term domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.
Should dispersers be fast learners? Modeling the role of cognition in dispersal syndromes
Authors: Liedtke Jannis , Fromhage Lutz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBoth cognitive abilities and dispersal tendencies can vary strongly between individuals. Since cognitive abilities may help dealing with unknown circumstances, it is conceivable that dispersers may rely more heavily on learning abilities than residents. However, cognitive abilities are costly and leaving a familiar place might result in losing the advantage of having learned to deal with local conditions. Thus, individuals which invested in learning to cope with local conditions may be better off staying at their natal place. In order to disentangle the complex relationship between dispersal and learning abilities, we implemented individual‐based simulations. By allowing for developmental plasticity, individuals could either become a 'resident' or 'dispersal' cognitive phenotype. The model showed that in general residents have higher learning abilities than dispersers. Dispersers evolve higher learning ability than residents when dispersers have long life spans and when dispersal occurs either early or late in life, thereby maximizing the time in one habitat patch. Time is crucial here, because the longer an individual resides in a location where it can use its learned knowledge or behavior, the more often it profits from it and thus eventually obtains a net benefit from its investment into learning. Both, longevity and the timing of dispersal within lifecycles determine the time individuals have to recoup that investment and thus crucially influence this correlation. We therefore suggest that species' life history will strongly impact the expected cognitive abilities of dispersers, relative to their resident conspecifics, and that cognitive abilities might be an integral part of dispersal syndromes.