bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The boundary element method of peridynamics
Authors: Liang Xue , Wang Linjuan , Xu Jifeng , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe peridynamic theory brings advantages in dealing with discontinuities, dynamic loading, and nonlocality. The integro‐differential formulation of peridynamics poses challenges to numerical solutions of complicated and practical problems. Some important issues attract much attention, such as the computation of infinite domains, the treatment of softening of boundaries due to an incomplete horizon, and time accumulation error in dynamic processes. In this work, we develop the boundary element method of peridynamics (PD‐BEM). The numerical examples demonstrate that the PD‐BEM exhibits several features. First, for nondestructive cases, the PD‐BEM can be one to two orders of magnitude faster than the meshless particle method of peridynamics (PD‐MPM) that directly discretizes the computational domains; second, it eliminates the time accumulation error, and thus conserves the total energy much better than the PD‐MPM; third, it does not exhibit spurious boundary softening phenomena. For destructive cases where new boundaries emerge during the loading process, we propose a coupling scheme where the PD‐MPM is applied to the cracked region and the PD‐BEM is applied to the uncracked region such that the time of computation can be significantly reduced.
Toward a local maximum‐entropy material point method at finite strain within a B‐free approach
Authors: Molinos Miguel , Martín Stickle Miguel , Navas Pedro , Yagüe Ángel , Manzanal Diego , Pastor Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe material point method can be regarded as a meshfree extension of the finite element method. This fact has two interesting consequences. On the one hand, this puts a vast literature at our disposal. On the other hand, many of this inheritance has been adopted without questioning it. A clear example of it is the use of the Voigt algebra, which introduces an artificial break point between the formulation of the continuum problem and its discretized counterpart. In the authors' opinion, the use of the Voigt rules leads to a cumbersome formulation where the physical sense of the operations is obscured since the well‐known algebra rules are lost. And with them, the intuition about how stresses and strains are related. To illustrate it, we will describe gently and meticulously the whole process to solve the nonlinear governing equations for isothermal finite strain elastodynamics, concluding with a compact set of expressions ready to be implemented effortless. In addition, the classic Newmark‐ algorithm has been accommodated to the local maximum‐entropy material point method framework by means of an incremental formulation.
The impact of “missed nursing care” or “care not done” on adults in health care: A rapid review for the Consensus Development Project
Authors: Willis Eileen , Brady Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo identify outcomes of missed nursing care for adult patients.DesignA five‐stage rapid review process was conducted as follows: refining the question, retrieving relevant studies, determining the studies to be included, organizing the data and synthesizing the results.MethodsPapers published between 2010–2020 that focused on the UK, Europe, the USA and Oceania were searched for keywords in the title and abstract in major databases. The articles that identified the impact of missed nursing care on adults in health care were selected.ResultsSeventeen articles met the criteria. Major impacts of missed care in adult settings were increases in mortality, adverse events and failure to maintain. These same studies also identified a range of causative factors linked to ward environment, inadequate staffing levels and skills mix although are inconclusive. Solutions include continuing education, ward and work re‐design, and appropriate skill level.
“The stakes could not be higher”: A mixed methods study of parental social media use in pediatric oncology
Authors: Foot Elizabeth , Leonhard Amanda , Majeski Jill , Zahn Lauren , Li Hsin H. , Caruso Brown Amy E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe how parents and families of children with cancer evaluate the benefits and risks of using social media (SM) and how they navigate disagreements between oncologists’ advice and information found on SM.ProcedureParents of children who had been previously diagnosed with cancer, and who had used SM for a purpose related to that child's health were recruited through SM sites and nonprofit organizations across the United States and were invited to complete questionnaires about their experiences using SM; a subset of participants also completed a follow‐up in‐depth interview. Open‐ended responses and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsNinety parents completed written questionnaires; 21 completed follow‐up interviews. Seventy percent reported experiencing a situation in which information shared on SM conflicted with information provided by their child's oncologist. Although 86% reported that they discussed the conflicting information with the oncologist and 70% described the oncologist's response as positive, 78% also described ongoing negative feelings about the experience. Parents described openness to discussing SM, honesty, transparency, and humility regarding the limits of medicine, and shared decision‐making regarding information found on SM as increasing their trust in their oncologist.ConclusionsParents offered valuable insights regarding their experiences navigating SM, including eight recommendations for how pediatricians might approach discussing parental SM use. Future studies will evaluate the utility of these recommendations for pediatric clinicians.
Evaluation of age at diagnosis and clinical findings of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Asfuroglu Pelin , Ramasli Gursoy Tugba , Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Aslan Ayse Tana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) may present with different clinical findings at different ages, and age at diagnosis may differ. We aimed to review clinical factors that affected age at diagnosis of patients with PCD.Study DesignAll 70 patients with PCD who were followed in our pediatric pulmonology department were included. Demographic features, clinical findings, PrImary CiliAry DyskinesiA Rule (PICADAR) scores and pulmonary function tests of patients were recorded and clinical factors that affected age at diagnosis were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis was 8.3 ± 4.6 years. Most of patients (95.7%) had a persistent wet cough. The mean PICADAR score was 6.5 ± 3.2, and there was a negative correlation between PICADAR and age at diagnosis (r = −0.271, p = .023). The mean ages at diagnosis of patients with situs abnormality and recurrent wheezing were earlier than in patients without situs abnormality and recurrent wheezing (6.7 ± 4.3 and 6.8 ± 4.3, p = .002 vs. 9.8 ± 4.3 and 9.0 ± 4.6 years, p = .040, respectively). The mean age at diagnosis of patients with bronchiectasis was later than in patients without bronchiectasis (10.8 ± 3.9 and 6.9 ± 4.4 years, p = .001). Other clinical features were not statistically significant according to age at diagnosis (p > .05). There was no statistically significant relation between age at diagnosis and sex, sibling or relative with PCD and parental consanguinity (p > .05).ConclusionAlthough most patients diagnosed with PCD had symptoms, the diagnosis may be delayed. High PICADAR score is a useful guide to evaluate PCD. Situs abnormality and recurrent wheezing could be clues for early diagnosis of PCD. Early diagnosis of PCD may prevent bronchiectasis.
A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of curcumin nanoformulations
Authors: Khezri Khadijeh , Saeedi Majid , Mohammadamini Hassan , Zakaryaei Abbas Seyed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractToday, due to the prevalence of various diseases such as the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), diabetes, central nervous system diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and so on, extensive studies have been conducted on therapeutic properties of natural and synthetic agents. A literature review on herbal medicine and commercial products in the global market showed that curcumin (Cur) has many therapeutic benefits compared to other natural ingredients. Despite the unique properties of Cur, its use in clinical trials is very limited. The poor biopharmaceutical properties of Cur such as short half‐life in plasma, low bioavailability, poor absorption, rapid metabolism, very low solubility (at acidic and physiological pH), and the chemical instability in body fluids are major concerns associated with the clinical applications of Cur. Recently, nanoformulations are emerging as approaches to develop and improve the therapeutic efficacy of various drugs. Many studies have shown that Cur nanoformulations have tremendous therapeutic potential against various diseases such as SARS‐CoV‐2, cancer, inflammatory, osteoporosis, and so on. These nanoformulations can inhibit many diseases through several cellular and molecular mechanisms. However, successful long‐term clinical results are required to confirm their safety and clinical efficacy. The present review aims to update and explain the therapeutic potential of Cur nanoformulations.
Carbonate clumped isotope analysis (Δ47) of 21 carbonate standards determined via gas‐source isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry on four instrumental configurations using carbonate‐based standardization and multiyear data sets
Authors: Upadhyay Deepshikha , Lucarelli Jamie , Arnold Alexandrea , Flores Randy , Bricker Hayley , Ulrich Robert N. , Jesmok Gregory , Santi Lauren , Defliese William , Eagle Robert A. , Carroll Hannah M. , Bateman Jesse Bloom , Petryshyn Victoria , Loyd Sean J. , Tang Jianwu , Priyadarshi Antra , Elliott Ben , Tripati Aradhna 
Published: June 2021

RationaleClumped isotope geochemistry examines the pairing or clumping of heavy isotopes in molecules and provides information about the thermodynamic and kinetic controls on their formation. The first clumped isotope measurements of carbonate minerals were first published 15 years ago, and since then, interlaboratory offsets have been observed, and laboratory and community practices for measurement, data analysis, and instrumentation have evolved. Here we briefly review historical and recent developments for measurements, share Tripati Lab practices for four different instrument configurations, test a recently published proposal for carbonate‐based standardization on multiple instruments using multi‐year data sets, and report values for 21 different carbonate standards that allow for recalculations of previously published data sets.MethodsWe examine data from 4628 standard measurements on Thermo MAT 253 and Nu Perspective IS mass spectrometers, using a common acid bath (90°C) and small‐sample (70°C) individual reaction vessels. Each configuration was investigated by treating some standards as anchors (working standards) and the remainder as unknowns (consistency standards).ResultsWe show that different acid digestion systems and mass spectrometer models yield indistinguishable results when instrument drift is well characterized. For linearity correction, mixed gas‐and‐carbonate standardization or carbonate‐only standardization yields similar results. No difference is observed in the use of three or eight working standards for the construction of transfer functions.ConclusionsWe show that all configurations yield similar results if instrument drift is robustly characterized and validate a recent proposal for carbonate‐based standardization using large multiyear data sets. Δ47 values are reported for 21 carbonate standards on both the absolute reference frame (ARF; also refered to as the Carbon Dioxide Equilibrated Scale or CDES) and the new InterCarb‐Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale (I‐CDES) reference frame, facilitating intercomparison of data from a diversity of labs and instrument configurations and restandardization of a broad range of sample sets between 2006, when the first carbonate measurements were published, and the present.
d‐Leucine protects oocytes from chronic psychological stress in mice
Authors: Tsuji Ai , Ikeda Yuka , Murakami Mutsumi , Kitagishi Yasuko , Matsuda Satoru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposePsychological stress could negatively influence female reproductive ability. d‐Leucine (d‐Leu) is a d‐type amino acid found in foods and mammalian tissues. We have examined the protective effects of d‐Leu on oocyte abnormality induced by psychological stress.MethodsFemale mice (6‐week‐old) were divided into three groups: control, restraint stress (RS), and RS/d‐Leu. The RS and RS/d‐Leu mice were holed for 3 hours daily during 14 days. RS/d‐Leu mice were fed 0.3% d‐Leu diet. The oocyte maturation failure was analyzed by shapes of spindles and chromosomes. In addition, levels of heme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the ovaries were also examined. Whether d‐Leu reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured cells, K562 cells were treated with d‐Leu, and then ROS in K562 were analyzed.ResultsOocyte maturation failure was increased in RS mice. d‐Leu reduced abnormal oocytes to control level. The expression levels of HO‐1 and SOD2 increased in RS/d‐Leu mice compared to those of RS mice. ROS levels were decreased in K562 cells with d‐Leu in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsWe concluded that d‐Leu protects oocytes from psychological stress through the induction of HO‐1 and SOD2 expression then by reducing oxidative stress.
Global adaptive output feedback stabilization for nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown measurement sensitivity
Authors: Wang Wanli , Lin Yan , Zhang Xu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, a global output feedback stabilization scheme is proposed for a class of time‐delay uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown measurement sensitivity. A new high gain observer is designed with which the sensitivity function can be tackled by only one dynamic gain and the coupled linear‐like controller is fairly simple. By introducing some transformations of the state estimation errors and observer states, and appropriately choosing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, it is proved that the proposed controller can globally stabilize the system.
Estimating Body Conductivity and Immobilization Threshold in Fish
Authors: Reynolds James B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe body conductivity of fish (Cf; µS/cm) and the power density causing threshold immobilization (Dm; µW/cm3) play a critical role in determining electrofishing success. My aim was to compare two methods for estimating Cf and Dm: the response‐threshold method using live Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (12–15 cm TL) and the direct‐measure method using the carcasses of the same fish. The estimates were compared to values from other published studies. I also evaluated the effect of electric field constriction (e.g., depth effect) on Cf and Dm in tanks with water : fish cross‐sectional area ratios of 6:1, 25:1, and 100:1. The resulting data conformed to theory for both methods; that is, Cf and Dm increased with decreasing tank size because field constriction forced more electric current through a fish. Estimates of Cf and Dm by both methods were similar in the two larger tanks (25:1 and 100:1). I suggest a standard Cf value of 60 µS/cm for Rainbow Trout if they are the target species. This value is near the low end of a cluster of published values for various fishes (50–160 µS/cm) that are within cross‐sectional ratios of 20:1 to 100:1. A standard value for Dm cannot be recommended due to variation caused by electrical output and fish size and species. The direct‐measure method proved superior to the response‐threshold method because it requires fewer fish for estimates of Cf and Dm, does not depend on subjective determination of threshold in live fish, and provides information on water‐to‐fish power transfer efficiency.
Orientation principles for online team‐based learning courses
Authors: Clark Michele C. , Merrick Laura C. , Styron Jennifer L. , Dolowitz Annetta R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to guide educators step‐by‐step through an orientation process for an online team‐based learning (TBL) course, this chapter describes principles for creating an orientation module for an online higher education course that employs online delivery following both standards from the Quality Matters Rubric for Higher Education and essential elements from TBL.
Physical Models and Innovation in Architectural and Civil Engineering
Authors: Addis Bill 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author presents new and rediscovered information about the use of physical models in design processes carried out by architectural and civil engineers. Over the last three centuries these have included mechanical models, form-finding models and measurement models. Measurement models especially were and are particularly important for innovative engineering projects that lie beyond current experience or are without precedent. In these cases, to supplement their own experience and current engineering science, engineers require additional evidence that their innovative designs will function as intended, will be safe, and in which they can have sufficient confidence to allow construction to begin. The author argues that physical models have played and continue to play an essential role in innovation in engineering and that they have made a contribution equal to that of engineering theory in helping to achieve progress in engineering. Examples are taken from the history of structural engineering, especially reinforced-concrete and grid shells and from architectural acoustics.
Der Stellenwert der Thymektomie ohne Thymom in der Therapie der Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Menghesha Hruy , Schroeter Michael , Doerr Fabian , Schlachtenberger Georg , Heldwein Matthias B. , Chiapponi Costanza , Wahlers Thorsten , Bruns Christiane , Hekmat Khosro 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Stellenwert der Thymektomie in der Therapie der thymomfreien Myasthenia gravis blieb bis vor einiger Zeit umstritten. Die relativ geringe Inzidenz und Prävalenz der Erkrankung, die uneinheitliche Dokumentation in den verschiedenen Studien sowie die notwendige Langzeitbeobachtung zur Erfassung therapeutischer Effekte erschwerten das Generieren valider Daten. Die Veröffentlichung des MGTX-Trials 2016 im New England Journal of Medicine lieferte die ersten randomisiert-kontrollierten Daten, nach denen Patienten mit Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Antikörper-positiver generalisierter Myasthenia gravis im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren von der chirurgischen Resektion des Thymus über eine mediane Sternotomie profitieren. Trotz fehlender Validierung des Vorteils der Thymektomie über minimal-invasive Techniken durch randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien scheinen diese das Outcome bestimmter Patientengruppen in ähnlicher Form positiv zu beeinflussen. So haben videoassistiert-thorakoskopische, roboterassistierte, subxiphoidale und transzervikale Zugangswege nicht nur ästhetische Vorteile, sondern zeigen in der Beeinflussung des Krankheitsverlaufs der Myasthenia gravis keine relevante Unterlegenheit gegenüber der medianen Sternotomie. Doch nicht nur der Nutzen und das ästhetische Ergebnis differieren, sondern auch die Erfolgsaussichten im Hinblick auf die Remission sind bei den Unterformen der Myasthenia gravis unterschiedlich. Die heterogene Gruppe der Myasthenien unterscheidet sich bezüglich des Auftretens von Autoantikörpern, der betroffenen Körperregionen und des Alters der Patienten bei Erstdiagnose. Schließlich ist die Thymektomie eine wirksame kausale Therapie der Myasthenia gravis.
Die Komplikationsrate nach Femurschaftfrakturen im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Abhängigkeit von Patientenfaktoren und Behandlungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Oberthür S. , Piatek S. , Krause H. , Rüther H. , Roch P. J. , Zoch A. , Lehmann W. , Sehmisch S. , Klauser M. R. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Behandlung der Femurschaftfrakturen bei Kindern war in den letzten Jahren einem zunehmenden Wandel unterzogen. Die früher dominierenden Therapieverfahren wurden durch minimal-invasive Techniken (z. B. elastisch stabile intramedulläre Nagelung [ESIN]) weitgehend abgelöst. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war der Vergleich der Komplikationsraten in Abhängigkeit sowohl von Patientenfaktoren als auch von verschiedenen Behandlungsverfahren.

Material und Methoden
Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine retrospektive röntgenmorphometrische Datenauswertung. Es wurden die Patientenakten und Röntgenbilder von 101 Kindern, die an zwei Level-I-Traumazentren behandelt wurden, ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
In 19 % der Fälle wurde eine konservative Therapie durchgeführt. Bei den operativen Verfahren dominierte die ESIN-Technik (n = 60). Revisionspflichtige Komplikationen fanden sich nach konservativer Therapie bei ca. 10 % der Kinder. Bei den operativ behandelten Kindern musste in über 6 % der Fälle eine Revisionsoperation durchgeführt werden. Die ESIN-Stabilisierung zeigte bei den operativen Verfahren mit ca. 3 % die niedrigste Revisionsrate. Wurden im Verhältnis zum Markraumdurchmesser zu dünne ESIN-Drähte verwendet, so zeigte sich eine um 30 % höhere Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit. Bei Kindern unter 3 Jahren und Adoleszenten war die Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit erhöht.

Diskussion
In der durchgeführten Studie zeigt sich ein moderates Komplikationsrisiko bei der Behandlung von Femurschaftfrakturen bei Kindern. Das Komplikationsrisiko nach Fixateur-externe-Anlage und konservativer Behandlung war in dieser Studie am höchsten. Die ESIN-Technik zeigt insgesamt das geringste Komplikationsrisiko. Die vorliegende Arbeit konnte die bekannten Limitationen der ESIN-Technik in Abhängigkeit von Alter und Gewicht bestätigen.
Association of BMI with Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: O'Neill R. J. , Abd Elwahab S. , Kerin M. J. , Lowery A. J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer. The incidence of PTC is rising in tandem with an obesity epidemic. Associations have been demonstrated between increased body mass index (BMI) and worse oncological outcomes in a number of malignancies. However, research on this topic in PTC to date has been inconsistent, often due to limited data. This study aimed to measure the association between BMI and potentially adverse clinicopathological features of PTC.MethodsA meta‐analysis of studies reporting outcomes after surgical treatment of PTC was performed. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify studies which provided data on BMI and clinicopathologic features of PTC. Relevant data were extracted and synthesis performed using adjusted odds ratios where available and crude values when not. Data were analysed by inverse variance using random and fixed effects models.ResultsData on 35,237 patients from 15 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Obesity was associated with larger tumour size (MD = 0.17 cm [0.05, 0.29]), increased rates of multifocality (OR = 1.41 [1.16, 1.70]), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.70 [1.39, 2.07]) and nodal spread (OR = 1.18 [1.07, 1.30]). Associations were more pronounced as BMI increased. There was no association between BMI and bilaterality, vascular invasion or metastatic spread.ConclusionIncreased BMI is significantly associated with multiple potentially adverse features of PTC. The effect on long‐term oncological outcomes requires further evaluation.