bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a real‐time method characterizing spontaneous pain in women with dysmenorrhea
Authors: Kantarovich Diana , Dillane Katlyn E. , Garrison Ellen F. , Oladosu Folabomi A. , Schroer Margaret S. , Roth Genevieve E. , Tu Frank F. , Hellman Kevin M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPrior research has primarily focused on static pain assessment, largely ignoring the dynamic nature of pain over time. We used a novel assessment tool for characterizing pain duration, frequency, and amplitude in women with dysmenorrhea and evaluated how these metrics were affected by naproxen treatment.MethodsDysmenorrheic women (n = 25) rated their menstrual pain by squeezing a pressure bulb proportional to the magnitude of their pain. To evaluate whether bulb squeezing was affected by naproxen, we compared parameters before and after naproxen. We also analyzed the correlation between pain relief on a numerical rating scale to changes in bulb squeezing parameters. Random bulb‐squeezing activity in pain‐free participants (n = 14) was used as a control for nonspecific effects or bias.ResultsIn dysmenorrheic women, naproxen reduced the duration of the squeezing during a painful bout, the number of painful bouts and bout intensity. Before naproxen, the correlation between these bulb squeeze parameters and self‐reported pain on numeric rating scale was not significant (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.304); however, there was a significant correlation between changes in bulb squeeze activity and self‐reported pain relief after naproxen (R2 = 0.55, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study demonstrates a convenient technique for continuous pain assessment, capturing three different dimensions: duration, frequency, and magnitude. Naproxen may act by reducing the duration and frequency of episodic pain in addition to reducing the severity. After further validation, these methods could be used for other pain conditions for deeper phenotyping and assessing novel treatments.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is associated with significant employment and economic loss
Authors: Bourne Kate M. , Chew Derek S. , Stiles Lauren E. , Shaw Brett H. , Shibao Cyndya A. , Okamoto Luis E. , Garland Emily M. , Gamboa Alfredo , Peltier Amanda , Diedrich André , Biaggioni Italo , Sheldon Robert S. , Robertson David , Raj Satish R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a debilitating form of chronic orthostatic intolerance that primarily affects women and causes substantial impairment in quality of life and function. Yet, there is minimal literature describing the employment and economic consequences of POTS. We explored these aspects of the POTS patient experience through a self‐reported study designed using community‐based participatory research principles.Methods and resultsA comprehensive questionnaire, including employment and economic consequences, was developed in partnership with Dysautonomia International, a patient advocacy organization. The POTS community engaged in all stages of the research design and analysis. Participants were recruited through Dysautonomia International’s website and social media channels. The analysis included 5,556 adult (age ≥18 years) participants with a physician‐confirmed diagnosis of POTS. The majority of participants were female (95%). Forty‐eight per cent of participants reported employment during the three months prior to the survey, and of these participants, 66.8% would work greater hours if not for illness limitations. Over two‐thirds (70.5%) of participants have lost income due to POTS symptoms, with 36.0% of the total cohort losing more than $10,000 USD in the 12 months prior to the survey. Almost all (95%) participants reported POTS‐related out‐of‐pocket medical expenses since diagnosis, with 51.1% of participants spending $10,000 USD or more.ConclusionsThis is the largest study reporting the employment and economic challenges experienced by individuals with POTS. Exposure of these challenges emphasizes the need for earlier diagnosis and improved therapeutic strategies to reduce the negative individual and societal consequences of this disorder.
Implementation of multidisciplinary reflective rounds within a children's hospital before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baker Jonathan , Savage Amy , Pendleton Shannon , Bate Jessica M 
Published: February 2021

AimRegular reflective practice within a large group setting has been shown to reduce levels of burnout in healthcare professionals. We describe how regular reflective rounds were designed and implemented within an existing educational program at a UK children's hospital and report on the feedback received from participants.MethodsEight face‐to‐face reflective rounds took place in Southampton Children's Hospital, UK, from September 2017 to February 2020 with a further virtual round in July 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Each round was facilitated by a clinical psychologist and consultant. For each round, up to three volunteer panellists from different staff groups were invited to share their personal experiences on a pre‐selected subject to the large group. The group would then contribute to the discussion by offering their own reflections. Feedback forms were distributed to attendees and collated.ResultsEight rounds were held with mean attendance of 32 (range 19–47). Across the eight rounds, the total attendance was 256 staff members. The virtual round had 20 participants. Feedback was received from 202 participants. The majority (98%) would recommend the rounds to colleagues with 64 participants (32%) rating the rounds as ‘exceptional’ and 91 (45%) as ‘excellent’. The virtual round received similar positive feedback.ConclusionLarge group reflective practice can be implemented within an existing regular educational program. Rounds have been well received by participants and are likely to be of relevance and value to other healthcare groups. The rounds can also be delivered effectively virtually, which may increase participation.
Latex proteins from Plumeria pudica reduce ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats
Authors: Oliveira Lucas E. S. , Moita Lucas A. , Souza Bruna S. , Oliveira Naylla M. V. , Sales Ana C. S. , Barbosa Mayck S. , Silva Francisca D. S. , Farias Alan L. C. , Lopes Victor L. R. , França Luiz F. C. , Alves Even H. P. , Freitas Cleverson D. T. , Ramos Marcio V. , Vasconcelos Daniel F. P. , Oliveira Jefferson S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that latex proteins from Plumeria pudica (LPPp) have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects in rats of LPPp on ligature‐induced periodontitis, an inflammatory disease.MethodsThe animals were divided into groups: saline (animals without induction of periodontitis), periodontitis (induced periodontitis and untreated) and LPPp (induced periodontitis and treated with 40 mg/kg). The following parameters were evaluated after 20 consecutive days of treatment: gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), alveolar bone height (ABH) and gingival myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In the hepatic tissue, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured.ResultsSignificant reduction in GBI, PPD and gingival MPO activity and ABH was seen in animals treated with LPPp compared with periodontitis. Values of GSH, MDA, ALT and histopathological evaluation were preserved in animals treated with LPPp.ConclusionsTreatment with LPPp improved clinical aspects of periodontitis, reduced the blood and hepatic alterations and prevented alveolar bone loss. Data suggest that LPPp have potential for treatment of periodontitis.
Where Did the Party Conflicts Go? How Horizontal Specialization in Political Systems Affects Party Conflicts
Authors: Skoog Louise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article shows that political conflicts are expressed in different arenas and between different actors depending on the degree of horizontal specialization in a political system. In political organizations with a low degree of horizontal specialization, more issues are depoliticized and the discretion of the administration increases. One factor that spurs political conflicts is prioritization between policy fields, rather than within fields. The article is based on an analysis of minutes from Assembly meetings as well as interviews with leading local politicians and Chief Executive Officers in three Swedish municipalities.Related ArticlesJohansson, Karl Magnus, and Tapio Raunio. 2020. “Centralizing Government Communication? Evidence from Finland and Sweden.”Politics & Policy48 (6): 1138‐1160.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12370Nwokora, Zim, and Riccardo Pelizzo. 2015. “The Political Consequences of Party System Change.”Politics & Policy43 (4): 453‐473.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12124/abstractVercesi, Michelangelo. 2016. “Coalition Politics and Inter‐Party Conflict Management: A Theoretical Framework.”Politics & Policy44 (2): 168‐219.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12154
Uniform error estimates for the random batch method to the first‐order consensus models with antisymmetric interaction kernels
Authors: Ko Dongnam , Ha Seung‐Yeal , Jin Shi , Kim Doheon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a random batch method (RBM) for a contractive interacting particle system on a network, which can be formulated as a first‐order consensus model with heterogeneous intrinsic dynamics and convolution‐type consensus interactions. The RBM was proposed and analyzed recently in a series of work by the third author and his collaborators for a general interacting particle system with a conservative external force, with particle‐number independent error estimate established under suitable regularity assumptions on the external force and interacting kernel. Unlike the aforementioned original RBM, our consensus model has two competing dynamics, namely “dispersion” (generated by heterogeneous intrinsic dynamics) and “concentration” (generated by consensus forcing). In a close‐to‐consensus regime, we present a uniform error estimate for a modified RBM in which a random batch algorithm is also applied to the part of intrinsic dynamics, not only to the interaction terms. We prove that the obtained error depends on the batch size and the time step , uniformly in particle number and time, namely, ‐error is of . Thus the computational cost per time step is , where is the number of particles and one typically chooses , while the direct summation would cost . Our analytical error estimate is further verified by numerical simulations.
On the Hydrodynamic Analogy of Torsion
Authors: Den Hartog J. P. , McGivern J. G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors herein describe a means for carrying out experimentally Kelvin’s hydrodynamic analogy. A real liquid is used instead of the “ideal fluid” required by the analogy, the eddying flow caused thereby which violates the mathematical identity between the two cases being eliminated by taking photographs of the real liquid before eddying flow begins. The apparatus makes it possible to obtain photographs representing stress lines in shafts and also pictures of warped cross-sections.
An Application of the Interferometer Strain Gage in Photoelasticity
Authors: Vose R. W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper was written at the suggestion of Mr. Mieth Maeser, in response to numerous inquiries concerning the methods of photoelastic analysis in use at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
By the use of any of the usual photoelastic methods the difference of the principal stresses and their direction at any point in a suitable loaded specimen are determined, and through a knowledge of Poisson’s ratio their sum is obtained (and a solution made possible) by a measurement of the lateral deformation of the specimen by means of an interferometer strain gage. This instrument, together with its accessories and their use, is illustrated and described in the paper. Examples of the problems solved by the use of the instrument show its accuracy and the consistency of the results obtained by the method.
Influence of Cu-Water and CNT-Water Nanofluid on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Triangular Solar Collector
Authors: Redwan Didarul Ahasan , Rahman Md. Habibur , Prince Hasib Ahmed , Chowdhury Emdadul Haque , Amin M. Ruhul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A numerical study on natural convection heat transfer in a right triangular solar collector filled with CNT-water and Cuwater nanofluids has been conducted. The inclined wall and the bottom wall of the cavity are maintained at a relatively lower temperature (Tc), and higher temperature (Th), respectively, whereas the vertical wall, is kept adiabatic. The governing non-dimensional partial differential equations are solved by using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. The Rayleigh number (Ra) and the solid volume-fraction of nanoparticles (ϕ) are varied in the range of 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, and 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.1, respectively, to carry out the parametric simulations within the laminar region. Corresponding thermal and flow fields are presented via isotherms and streamlines. Variations of average Nusselt number as a function of Rayleigh number have been examined for different solid volume-fraction of nanoparticles. It has been found that the natural convection heat transfer becomes stronger with the increment of solid volume fraction and Rayleigh number, but the strength of circulation reduces with increasing nanoparticles’ concentration at low Ra. Conduction mode dominates for lower Ra up to a certain limit of 104. It is also observed that when the solid volume fraction is increased from 0 to 0.1 for a particular Rayleigh number, the average Nusselt number is increased to a great extent, but surprisingly, the rate of increment is more pronounced at lower Ra. Moreover, it is seen that Cu-water nanofluid offers slightly better performance compared to CNT-water but the difference is very little, especially at lower Ra.
Process Capability Based Tolerance Allocation in Pneumatic Percussive Riveting
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhang Jialei , Yu Junyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pneumatic percussive riveting is an important way to join the sheet metals. In order to ensure the load transfer and the fatigue performance of riveted joint, the interference of the rivet/hole is strictly specified. The interference of the rivet/hole is highly correlated with the process capability of the pneumatic hammer and the diameter of the pre-hole. It is a critical step to choose the appropriate pneumatic hammer to ensure the interference requirements. Energy per blow of the pneumatic hammer is a proclaimed parameter from the riveting hammer manufacturer. It is difficult for the designer to choose the riveting hammer in practical riveting scheme based on energy per blow.
Tolerance analysis is an efficient way to model the manufacturing variation and implement process control. This paper presents the tolerance allocation of the pneumatic percussive riveting based on the process capability of the pneumatic hammer. In order to obtain the designed interferences of the rivet/hole, a tolerance chain is built with the process capability of the pneumatic hammer, the diameter of the pre-hole and the diameter of the rivet shank. The process capability of the pneumatic hammer is represented with the interferences of the rivet/hole after riveting. It is an intuitive parameter for the designer to choose the riveting hammer in practical riveting scheme. The process capability of the pneumatic hammer is obtained from the designed riveting experiments with the pneumatic percussive riveting platform.
The diameter of the pre-hole affects the interference of the rivet/hole also. The tolerance for manual hole-drilling should be determined to assure the interference requirements and high drilling operation efficiency simultaneously. The variation of the pre-hole is obtained from the manual drilling experiments and diameter measurements. Different hole-drilling results in different mating conditions between the pre-hole and the rivet. The fit conditions of different pre-holes are modeled and the final interferences after riveting are analyzed.
Worst case method and statistical analysis method are two common methods for tolerance analysis. For the manual hole-drilling and the pneumatic percussive riveting, worst case method is employed to analyze the constructed tolerance chain in order to accomplish the interferences of the rivet/hole. The different analyzed dimensions, rivet-hole clearances and pre-hole drilling variation, are investigated respectively.
The reported work enhances the understanding of the tolerance allocation for the pneumatic percussive riveting. The interference based process capability of the pneumatic hammer provides good reference for pneumatic hammer choosing in riveting scheme. The reported tolerance chain of the interference could be used for the tolerance determination of manual hole-drilling with good quality and high efficiency.
Non-Contact Measurement of Respiratory Function for Judging the Effect of Respiratory Rehabilitation in Patients With SMID
Authors: Kosumi Remi , Sakamoto Ryota , Kato Norihiko , Yano Ken’ichi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Tsujioka Tomohiro , Takahashi Yuya , Yamakawa Noriko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Patients with SMID (severe motor and intellectual disabilities) have severe limb disorders and severe mental disabilities. More than half of their deaths are due to respiratory disorders. Therefore, respiratory rehabilitation is important. The effect of respiratory rehabilitation is generally determined by measuring respiratory volume and rate with an expired gas analyzer. However, the equipment is expensive and requires direct contact, making it difficult to use. The purpose of this research is to develop a non-contact measurement system for respiratory function to assess the effect of respiratory rehabilitation in patients with SMID. The proposed method detects respiration by depth change of the abdomen measured using a three-dimensional camera designed to identify body tremor /motion and respiration based on respiratory parameters and individually adapted parameters. Finally, we verify the rehabilitation effect of an RTX respirator on patients with SMID and the effectiveness of the proposed method in an experiment.
Comparison of Plug Flow and Multi-Node Stratified Tank Modeling Approaches Regarding Computational Efficiency and Accuracy
Authors: Karg Bulnes Fernando , Gluesenkamp Kyle R. , Rendall Joseph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Residential water heaters contain water stratified by temperature-driven density differences. This implies that a water tank can reach a state in which the top and bottom sections have different temperatures, unless mixing happens. A high degree of thermal stratification can improve the efficiency of some water heaters, by saving the amount of energy required for the heat-up process. Studies of stratification became popular in the 1970s and it remains an active research topic today. The research has led to the development of different models and techniques to better predict and define a stratified tanks behavior. By comparing these models and techniques used previously to describe thermal stratification, the phenomenon could be better understood, exploited, and used to increase efficiency and thermal energy capacity in modern water tanks. From the existing models, we found the one-dimensional standard plug-flow and a multi node model to be appropriate for analyzing the processes of the heat up and cool-down in a water tank. These two models are based on energy balances. This work involved comparing the accuracy and computational effort needed to implement these models. To assess accuracy, we compared both types of existing models to experimental data (also collected in this work) which included a heat up process using an external heat pump. This external process included a layering process that has an eddy diffusivity at five times the rate of thermal diffusion. For this project, we implemented the models in MATLAB, the multi-paradigm numerical computing environment. We quantified model accuracy using the root mean squared error between modeled data and experimental data for six measured tank temperatures. Comparing the accuracy and the computational time taken to run the simulation provides a method to contrast the performance of each model and a way to rate it. The multi node model was run using from 6 to 96 spatial nodes; the plug flow model was run using 1 to 0.001 °C temperature bin sizes. Additionally, timesteps were varied from 4 to 236 s. The results quantify the tradeoff between accuracy and computational time, providing guidance for simulations to intelligently select the best model type and simulation parameters. This research can be used to validate the pre-existing models and possibly improve the modern water tank.
Quasi-Static and Dynamic Confined Compressive Behavior of Glass Beads by In-Situ X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhang Runyu , Chen Huiluo , Malakooti Sadeq , Oman Simon , Wang Bing , Lu Hongbing , Luo Huiyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Granular materials are one of the most important materials in several industries such as civil engineering, agriculture, and energy production. They are a collection of distinct macroscopic particles. Although these materials appear very simple to be described, they exhibit highly different mechanical behavior under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Traditionally, glass beads have been considered as a benchmark granular material for the fundamental understanding of the mechanics of granular materials under complex mechanical loadings. In this study, we intend to characterize the compressive behavior of glass beads under confinement using in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography at low (quasi-static) and high strain (dynamic) rates. At high strain rates, samples with similar bulk densities to the quasi-static samples are compressed using a long split Hopkinson pressure bar and later imaged with the tomography system to acquire their volumetric images. In the case of low strain rates, a similar sample is compressed, and subsequently, its volumetric images are captured at the same strain level as the dynamically compressed samples using the long split Hopkinson pressure bar. The volumetric images for each case are then analyzed to determine three-dimensional morphologies and to investigate and compare the damage and crushing characteristics of the glass beads at quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions.