bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schools of Democracy? Giving Circles and the Civic and Political Participation of Collaborative Philanthropists
Authors: Eikenberry Angela M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSocial transformations around the world have increased the need for philanthropy and motivated people to become more active at the local level. Giving circles have emerged from this context, providing a hands-on, “do-it-yourself” approach to philanthropy. They involve individuals collaborating to support causes of mutual interest and frequently include social, educational, and engagement opportunities for members. In this research, I focus on understanding if participation in these new forms of philanthropic voluntary association lead to greater civic and political participation. That is, do giving circles serve as schools of democracy? I draw on survey data from current and past members of giving circles and donors outside these circles, as well as interviews with giving circle members, in the U.S. and U.K. The findings suggest that giving circles have a positive impact on giving, volunteering, and efforts to address problems in the community, but little effect on participation in changing government policy or other political activities.
Towards Software Compliance Specification and Enforcement Using TOSCA
Authors: Mubarkoot Mohammed , Altmann Jörn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccording to the laws of software evolution, the size and complexity of software systems continue to increase over time and, simultaneously, if not maintained rigorously, the quality decreases. Quality degradation typically happens due to changes in policies, regulations, and industry requirements, which, in turn, complicates compliance management over time. Among the key challenges in managing the evolution of software are the modelling and the enforcement of compliance rules. Moreover, the gap between compliance experts and software engineers has worsened the problem. The topology and orchestration specifications for cloud applications (TOSCA), which is an OASIS standard, has the potential to offer a relief by enabling different levels of abstractions for modeling and enforcing compliance policies. This work aims at investigating the potential of using TOSCA service templates for modelling and enforcing non-functional requirements and policies. Then, it proposes an approach that maximizes involvement of stakeholders in modeling and auditing such requirements and policies. Findings can help enterprises and policy makers achieve better governance and compliance on software services.
Architecture for Orchestrating Containers in Cloud Federations
Authors: Gebrealif Yodit , Mubarkoot Mohammed , Altmann Jörn , Egger Bernhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContainerization technology helps achieving not only better portability and interoperability but also better performance and efficiency on various cloud computing arrangements. Such technology is expected to empower cloud federations by enhancing portability and scalability across the federation. In this paper, we propose an architecture by adding two subcomponents to the NIST reference architecture for identifying resources and managing container orchestration in cloud federation environments. The architecture adds two subcomponents to the NIST reference architecture. The proposed two new sub-components enable resource identification and container orchestration across cloud federation members. These names of the two subcomponents are the Resource Identifier and the Container Orchestrator, respectively. The Resource Identifier component identifies the appropriate federated member for allocating tasks based on previous experience and current status. The Container Orchestrator facilitates the management and orchestration of containers at the federation level. We also identified several techniques, which can be used for resource identification. Among those, linear regression technique is selected for resource provisioning and identification of federation members. Further, these techniques are also expected to learn from log files from previous executions and prioritize resources based on the current resource status and previous experience.
Holographic M5 branes in AdS7 × S4
Authors: Gupta Varun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study classical M5 brane solutions in the probe limit in the AdS7× S4 background geometry that preserve the minimal amount of supersymmetry. These solutions describe the holography of codimension-2 defects in the 6d boundary dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories. The general solution is described in terms of holomorphic functions that satisfy a scaling condition. We show the behavior of the world-volume of a special class of BPS solutions near the AdS boundary region can be characterized by general equations, which describe it as intersections of the zeros of holomorphic functions in three complex variables with a 5-sphere.
Factorized class S theories and surface defects
Authors: Ergun Behzat , Hao Qianyu , Neitzke Andrew , Yan Fei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is known that some theories of class S are actually factorized into multiple decoupled nontrivial four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories. We propose a way of constructing examples of this phenomenon using the physics of half-BPS surface defects, and check that it works in one simple example: it correctly reproduces a known realization of two copies of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal SU(2) QCD, describing this factorized theory as a class S theory of type A3 on a five-punctured sphere with a twist line. Separately, we also present explicit checks that the Coulomb branch of a putative factorized class S theory has the expected product structure, in two examples.
Leptogenesis and fermion mass fit in a renormalizable SO(10) model
Authors: Mummidi V. Suryanarayana , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A non-supersymmetric renormalizable SO(10) model is investigated for its viability in explaining the observed fermion masses and mixing parameters along with the baryon asymmetry produced via thermal leptogenesis. The Yukawa sector of the model consists of complex 10H and $$ {\overline{126}}_H $$

126
¯

H

scalars with a Peccei-Quinn like symmetry and it leads to strong correlations among the Yukawa couplings of all the standard model fermions including the couplings and masses of the right-handed (RH) neutrinos. The latter implies the necessity to include the second lightest RH neutrino and flavor effects for the precision computation of leptogenesis. We use the most general density matrix equations to calculate the temperature evolution of flavoured leptonic asymmetry. A simplified analytical solution of these equations, applicable to the RH neutrino spectrum predicted in the model, is also obtained which allows one to fit the observed baryon to photon ratio along with the other fermion mass observables in a numerically efficient way. The analytical and numerical solutions are found to be in agreement within a factor of $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$
O

1

. We find that the successful leptogenesis in this model does not prefer any particular value for leptonic Dirac and Majorana CP phases and the entire range of values of these observables is found to be consistent. The model specifically predicts (a) the lightest neutrino mass $$ {m}_{v_1} $$

m

v
1

between 2–8 meV, (b) the effective mass of neutrinoless double beta decay mββ between 4–10 meV, and (c) a particular correlation between the Dirac and one of the Majorana CP phases.
Desinfektionsmittel in der COVID-19-Pandemie: eine Herausforderung
Authors: Eggers Maren , Baumann Anna , Lilienthal Nils , Steinmann Eike , Steinmann Jochen , Hübner Nils-Olaf , Rabenau Holger F. , Weinheimer Viola , Schwebke Ingeborg 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die COVID-19-Pandemie haben Desinfektionsmaßnahmen auch in Deutschland an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der erhöhte Bedarf an Desinfektionsmitteln zu Beginn der Pandemie erforderte es, vorübergehende rechtliche Regelungen zu treffen, um einerseits ausreichend Mittel für die notwendige Desinfektion im medizinischen Bereich und andererseits für den zusätzlichen Bedarf in der Bevölkerung zur Verfügung zu haben. Dazu wurden vom Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) Allgemeinverfügungen erlassen, die in diesem Beitrag näher erläutert werden. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Maßnahmen für die hygienische Händedesinfektion. Aber auch weitere Anwendungen wie die Flächendesinfektion im Zusammenhang mit pandemischen Atemwegserkrankungen werden erörtert. Die Erfahrungen bei der Sicherstellung der Versorgung mit wirksamen und in der Anwendung sicheren Desinfektionsmitteln sollten für die Vorbereitung weiterer Pandemien genutzt werden.
Who gets prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors and why? A drug-utilization study with claims data in Bavaria, Germany, 2010–2018
Authors: Rückert-Eheberg Ina-Maria , Nolde Michael , Ahn Nayeon , Tauscher Martin , Gerlach Roman , Güntner Florian , Günter Alexander , Meisinger Christa , Linseisen Jakob , Amann Ute , Baumeister Sebastian-Edgar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The German annual drug prescription-report has indicated overuse of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for many years; however, little was known about the characteristics of people using PPIs. This study aimed to provide comprehensive utilization data and describe frequencies of potential on- and off-label PPI-indications in Bavaria, Germany.

Methods
Claims data of statutorily insured people from 2010 to 2018 were used. Defined daily doses (DDDs) of PPIs by type of drug, prevalence of PPI-use and DDDs prescribed per 1000 insured people/day were analyzed. For 2018, proportions of users and DDDs per 1000 insured people were calculated by age and sex. To elucidate changes in prescribing practices due to a suspected drug-drug interaction, we examined co-prescribing of clopidogrel and PPIs between 2010 and 2018. For PPI new users, sums of DDDs and frequencies of potential indications were examined.

Results
PPI prescribing increased linearly from 2010 to 2016 and gradually decreased from 2016 to 2018. In 2018, 14.7% of women and 12.2% of men received at least one prescription, and 64.8 DDDs (WHO-def.) per 1000 insured people/day were prescribed. Overall, omeprazole use decreased over the observation period and was steadily replaced by pantoprazole, especially when co-prescibed with clopidogrel. An on-label PPI-indication was not reported at first intake in 52.0% of new users.

Conclusions
The utilization of prescribed PPIs has decreased since 2016. However, a large proportion of new PPI-users had no documentation of a potential indication, and the sums of DDDs prescribed often seemed not to comply with guidelines.
Evaluation of Water Provision Ecosystem Services Associated with Land Use/Cover and Climate Variability in the Winike Watershed, Omo Gibe Basin of Ethiopia
Authors: Aneseyee Abreham Berta , Soromessa Teshome , Elias Eyasu , Noszczyk Tomasz , Feyisa Gudina Legese 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe provision of freshwater is essential for sustaining human life. Understanding the water provision modelling associated with the Land Use/Cover (LUC) change and climatic factors is vital for landscape water resource management. The Winike watershed is the largest tributary in the upper Omo Gibe basin of Ethiopia. This research aims to analyze the spatial and temporal change in the water yield to investigate the water yield contribution from the watershed based on the variation in input parameters. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Tool (InVEST) water yield model was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of the water yield in different years (1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018). The data required for this model include LUC data from satellite images, reference evapotranspiration, root depth, plant available water, precipitation, season factor (Z), and a biophysical table. The analysis of LUC change shows a rapid conversion of grazing land, shrubland, and forest land into cultivated land. There has been a significant variation in water provision, which increased from 1.83 × 109 m3 in 1988 to 3.35 × 109 m3 in 2018. Sub-watersheds 31, 32, and 39 in the eastern part of the watershed contributed more water due to higher precipitation and lower reference evapotranspiration. The major increase in the contribution of water yield was in built-up land by 207.4%, followed by bare land, 148.54%, and forest land by 63%. Precipitation had a greater impact on water yield estimation compared with the other input parameters. Hence, this research helps decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding new policies for LUC change improvement to maintain the water resources in the Winike watershed.
Derivation of continuum models from discrete models of mechanical forces in cell populations
Authors: Lötstedt Per 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn certain discrete models of populations of biological cells, the mechanical forces between the cells are center based or vertex based on the microscopic level where each cell is individually represented. The cells are circular or spherical in a center based model and polygonal or polyhedral in a vertex based model. On a higher, macroscopic level, the time evolution of the density of the cells is described by partial differential equations (PDEs). We derive relations between the modelling on the micro and macro levels in one, two, and three dimensions by regarding the micro model as a discretization of a PDE for conservation of mass on the macro level. The forces in the micro model correspond on the macro level to a gradient of the pressure scaled by quantities depending on the cell geometry. The two levels of modelling are compared in numerical experiments in one and two dimensions.
Understanding past and future sea surface temperature trends in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Dutheil C. , Meier H. E. M. , Gröger M. , Börgel F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is one of the fastest-warming semi-enclosed seas in the world over the last decades, yielding critical consequences on physical and biogeochemical conditions and on marine ecosystems. Although long-term trends in sea surface temperature (SST) have long been attributed to trends in air temperature, there are however, strong seasonal and sub-basin scale heterogeneities of similar magnitude than the average trend which are not fully explained. Here, using reconstructed atmospheric forcing fields for the period 1850–2008, oceanic climate simulations were performed and analyzed to identify areas of homogenous SST trends using spatial clustering. Our results show that the Baltic Sea can be divided into five different areas of homogeneous SST trends: the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea, the eastern and western Baltic proper, and the southwestern Baltic Sea. A classification tree and sensitivity experiments were carried out to analyze the main drivers behind the trends. While ice cover explains the seasonal north/south warming contrast, the changes in surface winds and air-sea temperature anomalies (along with changes in upwelling frequencies and heat fluxes) explain the SST trends differences between the sub-basins of the southern part of the Baltic Sea. To investigate future warming trends climate simulations were performed for the period 1976–2099 using two RCP scenarios. It was found that the seasonal north/south gradient of SST trends should be reduced in the future due to the vanishing of sea ice, while changes in the frequency of upwelling and heat fluxes explained the lower future east/west gradient of SST trend in fall. Finally, an ensemble of 48 climate change simulations has revealed that for a given RCP scenario the atmospheric forcing is the main source of uncertainty. Our results are useful to better understand the historical and future changes of SST in the Baltic Sea, but also in terms of marine ecosystem and public management, and could thus be used for planning sustainable coastal development.
Independent DSG4 frameshift variants in cats with hair shaft dystrophy
Authors: Kiener Sarah , Rostaher Ana , Rüfenacht Silvia , Jagannathan Vidhya , Sundberg John P. , Welle Monika , Leeb Tosso 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvestigations of hereditary phenotypes in spontaneous mutants may help to better understand the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two unrelated domestic shorthair cats with bulbous swellings of the hair shafts. The clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural features were similar to those in mice with lanceolate hair phenotype caused by loss-of-function variants in Dsg4 encoding desmoglein 4. We sequenced the genomes from both affected cats and compared the data of each affected cat to 61 control genomes. A search for private homozygous variants in the DSG4 candidate gene revealed independent frameshift variants in each case, c.76del or p.Ile26fsLeu*4 in case no. 1 and c.1777del or p.His593Thrfs*23 in case no. 2. DSG4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein located primarily in the extracellular part of desmosomes, a complex of adhesion molecules responsible for connecting the keratin intermediate filaments of neighbouring epithelial cells. Desmosomes are essential for normal hair shaft formation. Both identified DSG4 variants in the affected cats lead to premature stop codons and truncate major parts of the open-reading frame. We assume that this leads to a complete loss of DSG4 function, resulting in an incorrect formation of the desmosomes and causing the development of defective hair shafts. Together with the knowledge on the effects of DSG4 variants in other species, our data suggest that the identified DSG4 variants cause the hair shaft dystrophy. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of pathogenic DSG4 variants in domestic animals.
Robust output regulation of the linearized Boussinesq equations with boundary control and observation
Authors: Huhtala Konsta , Paunonen Lassi , Hu Weiwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study a temperature and velocity output tracking problem for a two-dimensional room model with the fluid dynamics governed by the linearized translated Boussinesq equations. Additionally, the room model includes finite-dimensional models for actuation and sensing dynamics; thus, the complete model dynamics are governed by an ODE–PDE–ODE cascade. As the main contribution, we design a low-dimensional internal model-based controller for robust output tracking of the room model. The controller’s performance is demonstrated through a numerical example.
What matters to patients and clinicians when discussing the impact of cancer medicines on health-related quality of life? Consensus-based mixed methods approach in prostate cancer
Authors: Dunlop Emma , Ferguson Aimee , Mueller Tanja , Baillie Kelly , Clarke Julie , Laskey Jennifer , Kurdi Amanj , Wu Olivia , Jones Rob , Glen Hilary , Bennie Marion 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
To identify what matters to clinicians and patients when discussing cancer medicines’ impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
A framework of HRQoL domain/domain elements was developed, informed by analysis of published patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), applicable to prostate cancer. Using mixed methods (eDelphi, Nominal Group Technique and questionnaire), prostate cancer clinicians and patients attending prostate cancer clinics and support groups were asked which domains/domain elements would be important to them when discussing the impact prostate cancer medicines have on their HRQoL.

Results
Twenty-one clinicians and 71 patients participated from the West of Scotland. Clinicians and patients identified 53/62 domain elements across seven domains as important, of which 32 (60%) were common to both groups. Clinicians placed more importance than patients on Mood & Emotion; in contrast, patients placed importance on a broader range of Symptoms & Side Effects, being informed about their care, and having effective healthcare professional collaboration.

Conclusion
This study provides insight into the similarities and differences between what clinicians and patients think is important when discussing the impact of cancer medicines on HRQoL. Future research should involve exploring the potential for consistency of medicines PROMs across different cancer types to support patient-clinician communication and drive improvements in care.
Factor structure and internal consistency of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) on a sample of persons with psychotic disorders in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kulenović Alma Džubur , Mešević Eldina Smajic , Ribić Emina , Repišti Selman , Radojičić Tamara , Jovanović Nikolina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe assessment of negative symptoms is crucial for development of adequate therapeutic interventions. This is a challenging task due to complex clinical presentation and lack of reliable and valid instruments. This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). The sample consisted of 81 persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder recruited from two health institutions in the Sarajevo Canton: the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo and the Psychiatric Hospital of the Sarajevo Canton. The 13 CAINS items grouped into four factors (expression, motivation and satisfaction in the recreational domain, motivation and satisfaction with social relationships, motivation and satisfaction with job and education). The four-factor solution accounted for 87.83% of the variance of manifest items. The reliabilities of extracted factors were as follows: for motivation and satisfaction with social relationships α = 0.897, for motivation and satisfaction with job and education α = 0.961, for Motivation and satisfaction in the recreation domain α = 0.981, and for expression α = 0.938. The highest correlation between factors was found between Motivation and satisfaction with recreation and Motivation and satisfaction with social relationships. On the other hand, the lowest correlation was found between motivation and satisfaction with social relations and motivation and satisfaction with job and education. In conclusion, the study showed that the latent structure of CAINS is adequate, clearly interpretable, and consisted of four factors. The measure can be used for assessment of the negative symptoms in outpatients with psychosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Prokaryotic communities in the historic silver mine Reiche Zeche
Authors: Haferburg Götz , Krichler Tobias , Hedrich Sabrina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe research and education mine “Reiche Zeche” in Freiberg (Saxony, Germany) represents one of the most famous mining facilities reminiscent to the century-long history of silver production in the Ore Mountains. The mine was set up at the end of the fourteenth century and became part of the “Bergakademie Freiberg” in 1919. Galena, pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite are the most common minerals found in the mine. As acid mine drainage is generated from the dissolution of sulfidic ores, the microbial habitats within the adits and galleries are characterized by low pH and high concentrations of metal(loid)s. The community composition was investigated at locations characterized by biofilm formation and iron-rich bottom pools. Amplicon libraries were sequenced on a MiSeq instrument. The taxonomic survey yielded an unexpected diversity of 25 bacterial phyla including ten genera of iron-oxidizing taxa. The community composition in the snottites and biofilms only slightly differed from the communities found in acidic bottom pools regarding the diversity of iron oxidizers, the key players in most investigated habitats. Sequences of the Candidate Phyla Radiation as, e.g., Dojkabacteria and Eremiobacterota were found in almost all samples. Archaea of the classes Thermoplasmata and Nitrososphaeria were detected in some biofilm communities.