bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Addition of a Protein‐rich Breakfast for Long‐term Improvements In Energy Intake Regulation and Body Weight Management in Overweight & Obese ‘Breakfast Skipping’ Young People
Authors: Leidy Heather J , Hoertel Heather A , Douglas Steve M , Shafer Rebecca S 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo identify whether the daily addition of a Normal‐ Protein (NP) vs. High‐Protein (HP) breakfast leads to long‐term improvements in energy intake regulation and body weight management in overweight/obese breakfast skipping (BS) young people.MethodsFifty‐seven BS older adolescents (age: 19±1y; BMI: 29.7±4.6kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 12wks of consuming a NP cereal‐based breakfast (350 kcal; 15% Protein/65% CHO/20% Fat), HP pork‐based breakfast (350 kcal; 40% Protein/40% CHO/20% Fat), or no breakfast (BS). Daily hunger and satiety, energy intake, and body weight/composition were measured pre and post‐study.ResultsHP breakfast led to reduced daily hunger and increased daily fullness over the 12wks vs. CON and NP (both, p<0.05). HP breakfast also led to voluntary reductions in daily intake (−412±228kcal/d, p=0.08) over the 12wks, whereas CON and NP did not. The reduction in intake within the HP group was due to a reduction in unhealthy evening snacking of high fat/high sugar foods. Although no change in body weight was observed between groups, CON led to an increase in body fat mass (+1.58±0.87kg; p<0.05) vs. NP and HP (both, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe daily addition of breakfast, particularly rich in dietary protein, improved energy intake regulation and body weight management in overweight/obese ‘breakfast skipping’ adolescents.Grant Funding Source: The National Pork Board
Integrating cell and tissue motion patterns during early embryogenesis: How much “Cell Migration” really occurs?
Authors: Little Charles D 
Published: June 2021

The assembly of a hornet's nest is an example of an emergent biological pattern. Construction of a nest is not directly encoded in genetic or cell regulatory pathways. The architecture arises from thousands of hornets following simple instinctive rules; and cannot be reduced to the study of an individual hornet or its constituent parts.Our recent studies show that amniotes rely on emergent patterns to a much greater extent compared to other vertebrates. For example, time‐lapse imaging data provide mounting evidence that early bird embryos engage in significantly less autonomous cellular motion compared to fish or frog embryos. In fact, we find a preponderance of collective cell/tissue behavior in birds. Our data suggest that during evolution, amniotes selected morphogenetic mechanisms in which the embryo is shaped by collectively engineering a new micromechanical state of the tissue — which generates physical displacements and folding of entire tissues and organ primordia. One of the emergent processes we study is the de novo formation of primary vascular networks, a system in which there is little or no evidence for the presence of a genetically encoded pre‐pattern. Emergent morphogenetic behavior is also required for formation of a midline heart. In amniotes the primitive heart forms out of coherent planar sheets of tissue. Our data show that heart precursors do not “migrate” from lateral positions towards the future site of the midline heart. Instead, cells of the mesodermal and endodermal layers appear to generate traction forces, and the resulting stresses, together with controlled relaxation, drives large‐scale tissue movements.
The role of vitamin A metabolites in human and murine B cells
Authors: Gushchina Liubov , Yasmeen Rumana , Meyers Joseph , Thomas Jaisa , Benson Don , Boyaka Prosper , Ziouzenkova Ouliana 
Published: June 2021

Unraveling mechanisms regulating gammopathies, abnormal immunoglobulin production is necessary to improve treatments of a number of blood cancers, such as multiple myeloma. Retinoic acid and retinaldehyde, a transcriptionally active metabolites of vitamin A, play a key role in differentiation processes. RA is produced by the aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 family of enzymes (Aldh1a1, a2, a3). Our objective was to identify key genes regulating the cellular levels of these metabolites.Our studies in healthy subjects’ showed that Aldh1a1 is the predominantly expressed Aldh1 enzyme in circulating B cells comprising majority of PBMC fraction. In contrast, two myeloma B cell lines, U266 and RPMI8226 lack Aldh1a1 expression. PBMC from multiple myeloma patients showed an expression profile similar to that of U266. We showed that similar to human B cells, naïve (CD19−) and committed (CD19+) splenic B cells from WT mice predominantly expressed Aldh1a1, whereas in Aldh1a1−/− mice these B cells were complete depleted of Aldh1 expression. In both genotypes B cell differentiation from CD19− to CD19+ phenotype was associated with the loss of Aldh1a1 and a2. The change in the RA production in CD19− and CD19+ cells was accompanied by changed levels of key proteins such as RARa, HoxA10, and PPARg. Our studies suggest that Aldh1 enzymes are important for regulation of Ig production and their deficiency is associated with malignant B cells.Grant Funding Source: Nutrition (ASN)
Does beta‐carotene‐9′,10′‐oxygenase (CMO2) generate retinoic acid during embryonic development?
Authors: Spiegler Elizabeth , Kim Youn‐kyung , Quadro Loredana 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient throughout the mammalian lifecycle, especially for normal embryonic development. Most of the world relies on β‐carotene (bC), a provitamin A carotenoid, as its main vitamin A source. bC is converted to vitamin A by one of two enzymatic cleavage mechanisms: central cleavage by β‐ carotene‐15,15′‐oxygenase (CMO1), or asymmetric cleavage by β‐ carotene‐9′,10′‐oxygenase (CMO2). ~95% of bC conversion to vitamin A is attributed to CMO1, while CMO2, a mitochondrial enzyme, is thought to contribute minimally to vitamin A production in vivo. Both CMO1 and CMO2 are expressed in the developing tissues, and local bC cleavage by embryonic CMO1 can generate adequate vitamin A for normal development. When CMO1−/−RBP−/− dams were fed a vitamin A‐deficient diet during pregnancy, embryos developed gross malformations including eye defects, peripheral edema, and exencephaly. Supplementation of CMO1−/−RBP−/− dams with bC from 6.5–9.5 days post coitum partly improved the vitamin A deficiency symptoms of the double knockout embryos, despite the lack of CMO1. To determine whether bC cleavage by CMO2 contributed to this improvement, triple knockout mice (CMO1−/−RBP−/− CMO2−/−) were also generated, and analyzed under the same dietary regimen. The frequency of defects of CMO1−/−RBP−/−CMO2−/− embryos from dams fed a vitamin A‐deficient diet was similar to that observed in double‐knockout embryos. Experiments are ongoing to investigate whether the embryonic defects of triple knockout embryos can be improved by bC supplementation from 6.5–9.5 dpc. These experiments will shed more light on the role of CMO2 as a potential retinoic acid‐generating enzyme during embryonic development.Grant Funding Source: NIH; Gates Foundation
An Italian Obesity Prevention Intervention Study in Teenagers: the EAT project. Effectiveness of a School‐Based Program on measures of fatness and behaviour over 2 school years
Authors: ROMANELLI MASSIMILIANO MARCO CORSI , Malavazos Alexis Elias , Briganti Silvia , Ermetici Federica , Zelaschi Roberta , Oggioni Clio , Goggi Silvia , Ignaccolo Daniela , Kapeoldasi Mirtò , Romeo Gloria , Vazzoler Sara , Dozio Elena , Morricone Lelio , Pelissero Gabriele 
Published: June 2021

A controlled study including classroom nutrition lessons, incentives to increase physical activity and environmental school changes was performed in 870 adolescents (aged 11–14 years) over 2 school years.Body height and weight, waist circumference and dietary and physical activity habits data were measured at the beginning and at the end of each school year.At the end of the second school year of our program, we observed a significant increase in the prevalence of normal‐weight adolescents (+10.3%, p<0.01), and a reduction in the prevalence of overweight and obese adolescents (−7.9%, p<0.05 and −2.4%, p=ns, respectively), as well as a significant reduction in mean waist circumference (−2 cm, p<0.05), in the intervention group. Moreover, we observed an increase in the frequencies of consumption of vegetables and fruits and a reduction in the consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages, as well as a significant enhancement in daily walking. No significant changes in measures of fatness and in dietary or physical activity‐related habits were observed in the control group.We conclude that the EAT project resulted in beneficial effects on measures of fatness and behavior in an adolescents population. SANOFI
Acculturation and food label use among Korean immigrants in New York City
Authors: Shim Hyun Jung , Doak Colleen , Jasti Sunitha 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study explores the level of acculturation of Korean immigrants living in New York City in relation to food label use, food label comprehension and whether label information influences the decision to purchase the food.MethodA cross‐sectional survey of 355 church going Korean immigrants in Queens, New York City.ResultsIn this sample, mean age was 42.3±14.5 y, 58% were women, 60% married, 67% had at least some college education, 52% lived in the U.S more than 12 y, and 22% were overweight or obese. While 59% used food labels at least sometimes, 44% scored ≥5 out of 6 in comprehension. Food label information reportedly changed purchasing decision for 46%. Mean acculturation was low at 2.06±0.69 (scale 1 – 5). Higher acculturation (score >;2) was associated with food label use, comprehension and whether the food label influenced the decision to purchase. Acculturation was associated with food label use (OR=3.13; CI=1.8, 5.42) and its influence on purchasing decision (OR=2.28; CI=1.29, 4.01) after adjusting for age, education and marital status. The associations were much stronger in men as compared to women (data not shown).ConclusionsThese results show that acculturation is an important determinant, particularly for men, both in relation to using food labels as well as the importance of food labels in purchasing decisions.
Plasma vitamin D, hormonal contraceptive use, and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Garcia‐Bailo Bibiana , Badawi Alaa , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

The relationship between vitamin D and cardiometabolic disease is unclear. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use among women is associated with elevated plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. HC use is also associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The objective was to examine whether the association between 25(OH)D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease differs between healthy young women HC non‐users (n=677), women HC users (n=280), and men (n=427) aged 20 – 29 years. Participants provided overnight fasting blood samples for measurement of 25(OH)D, glucose, insulin, and blood lipids. HC use was determined by questionnaire. In models adjusted for age, waist circumference, physical activity, ethnicity, and season of blood collection, vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher insulin, HOMA‐IR, and HOMA‐Beta among men and women HC non‐users, and with higher triglycerides among men only. No biomarkers were associated with 25(OH)D among women HC users. Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations are inversely associated with biomarkers of glycemic dysregulation in young adults; however, HC use among women attenuates this association. Given the widespread use of HC by women throughout the world, a better understanding of the extent to which these medications modify the relationship between vitamin D and disease‐related processes is warranted. Research support from the Advanced Foods and Materials Network.Grant Funding Source: Advanced Foods and Materials Network
Creating Student Alliances in Nutrition Medicine Education
Authors: Hernandez Alejandra Mandisa , Schoettler Cynthia , Feldman Stephanie , Peace Kaitlin , Smith‐Lin Carolyn , Campbell Jeffrey , Johnson Connor , Redshaw James , Stamm Andrew , Oldfield Justin , Mildenhall Nicholas , Ireland Kathy , Lenders Carine , Lo Clifford , Saltzman Edward 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo increase medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and skills in nutrition medicine through the creation of a student partnership and inter‐professional activities across universities.MethodsThe Boston Medical Student Committee on Nutrition (BMSCoN) is a partnership between nutrition student leaders of 3 Boston medical schools. Its mission is to increase student awareness of nutrition's impact on health and of the roles all health care professionals play in promoting healthy lifestyles. Each school's student nutrition group elects a representative to the BMSCoN committee. The group is led by a chair elected by school representatives and members.ResultsBMSCoN created a yearly lecture series highlighting nutrition topics in medicine with open attendance to all students. Themes included “Eating by Example – Empowering Future Doctors to be Healthy Role Models” and “Socioeconomic Issues in Nutrition”. Participation in nutrition interest groups is rising from 78 (2011) to 86 (2012). Lecture attendance increased from 28 (Jan 2012) to 38 (Oct 2012). An average of 35 students from all 3 schools attend each lecture.ConclusionStudent interest in nutrition medicine is increasing. By forming an intercollegiate alliance of students, a network to further enhance nutrition medicine education now exists. We will continue our lecture series and create more opportunities for student nutrition involvement.
Assessing the Utility of a Network‐Based Curriculum Search Application (KnowledgeMap) for Evaluating Nutrition Content in a Medical School's Pre‐Clinical Curriculum
Authors: Seres David Stuart , Bogart Jane S , Richards Boyd F , Goglia Alexander G , Peever Steven M. J. , Marr Joshua R 
Published: June 2021

MethodsNutrition Master's students manually reviewed the slides from every lecture in the 18 month pre‐clinical medical curriculum at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (P&S) to identify content related to teaching of objectives defined in the Nutrition Curriculum Guide for Training Physicians (NCGTP), a former NIH‐funded program to improve medical nutrition education. An analogous curriculum review for ten representative NCGTP objectives was then performed using KnowledgeMap. Satisfactory KnowledgeMap search parameters unique to each objective were defined empirically.ResultsThe manual review identified an average of 4.00 unique lectures with content relevant to each of the representative NCGTP objectives. KnowledgeMap identified an average of 6.10 unique lectures per representative NCGTP objective, an average of 4.38 of which were relevant. An average 45.8% of the presentations identified by KnowledgeMap and relevant to the objectives were not identified by the manual search.ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate that KnowledgeMap is an effective means of searching the P&S curriculum for nutrition‐related content on an ad libitum basis, may be more sensitive than hand searching, and may serve as a useful tool for further medical curriculum content evaluation.
Dynamic regulation of hepatic vitamin E secretion by the α‐ tocopherol transfer protein
Authors: Chung Stacey , Thakur Varsha , Atkinson Jeffrey , Parker Robert , Manor Danny 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin E, a plant‐derived neutral lipid, is an essential nutrient for all vertebrates that scavenges free radicals in biological membranes, thereby preventing oxidative stress. Of the eight naturally‐occurring forms of vitamin E, α‐tocopherol is the most biologically active. This discrimination is achieved by the selective retention of α‐tocopherol by the hepatic α‐tocopherol transfer protein (α‐TTP), and by the selective degradation of all other vitamin E isoforms by CYP4F2. In cultured hepatocytes, α‐TTP facilitates the secretion of α‐tocopherol to the circulation for uptake by extrahepatic target tissues. We aim to understand how the actions of α‐TTP are regulated in vivo. Specifically, we study how α‐tocopherol status affects the intracellular localization of α‐TTP, and whether phosphorylation of tyrosines in α‐TTP affects it activity. Using live‐cell fluorescence imaging, we found that localization of α‐TTP in hepatocytes is dynamic: in the absence of α‐tocopherol, the protein is found in a punctate perinuclear pattern, but upon addition of vitamin E, the protein redistributes to a diffuse cytosolic pattern. In addition, we found that tyrosine residue(s) of α‐TTP are phosphorylated, and that this modification is necessary for α‐TTP's activity. These findings suggest that trans‐localization and tyrosine phosphorylation of α‐TTP are regulated under physiological conditions. Thus, dynamic and homeostatic mechanisms regulate the body‐wide distribution of α‐tocopherol.Research support: NIH 5T32DK007319–33 and NIH RO1DK067494.
The P2Y2 receptor mediates uptake of matrix‐retained and aggregated low‐density lipoprotein in primary smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dissmore Tixieanna , Mamedova Laman , Medeiros Denis , Weisman Gary A 
Published: June 2021

The internalization of matrix retained and aggregated low‐density lipoprotein (agLDL) may involve the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that distinguishes this process from the endocytosis of soluble LDL. We have previously shown that UTP‐induced phosphorylation of filamin A (FLN‐A) is associated with actin polymerization in 1321N1 cells expressing the hemagglutinin (HA)‐tagged P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R). Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were isolated from wild type (WT) and P2Y2R−/− mice to investigate the role of P2Y2R/FLN‐A interaction in the uptake of matrix‐bound agLDL. Cells were transiently transfected with cDNA encoding HA‐tagged WT P2Y2R or a mutant P2Y2R that does not bind FLN‐A, then treated with 10 μM UTP and plated on top of the matrix. We produced the SMC‐derived matrix by extracting the lipids with 3:2 hexane:propanol (v/v). DiI‐LDL was aggregated by incubation with 50‐milliunits/ml bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) in the presence of 5mM MgCl2 for 4 h at 37°C under argon. In preparation for LDL‐matrix binding 1 μg of lipoprotein lipase was added to the lipid‐extracted matrix for 1 h followed by 100 μl Smase‐treated DiI‐LDL. Confocal microscopy results showed no uptake of agLDL in P2Y2R−/− cells transfected with mutant P2Y2R. However, there was agLDL uptake in P2Y2R −/− cells transfected with the WT P2Y2R, indicating that an intact P2Y2R is necessary for agLDL uptake in mouse vascular SMCs.Grant Funding Source: NHLBI Ruth L Kirschstein pre‐doctoral NRSA
Maresin 1 a Novel Macrophage n‐3 Derived Mediator is a Potent Tissue Regenerative Immunoresolvent
Authors: Dalli Jesmond , Karamnov Sergey , Zhu Min , Petasis Nicos , Serhan Charles N 
Published: June 2021

Maresins are a novel family of pro‐resolving mediators recently described in self‐resolving inflammatory exudates that are biosynthesized by macrophages (Mϕ). The complete stereochemistry of Maresin 1 (MaR1), the first member of this family to be identified, remained of interest. Here we demonstrate that MaR1 produced by human Mϕ from endogenous DHA matched material obtained by total organic synthesis with stereochemistry 7R,14S‐dihydroxydocosa‐4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z‐hexaenoic acid. We next confirmed the defining potent anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving actions of MaR1 with synthetic, demonstrating that MaR1 effectively reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in murine peritonitis and enhanced human Mϕ efferocytosis. At concentrations as low as 10nM, MaR1 accelerated tissue regeneration in surgically injured planaria (Dugesia tigrina). Upon injury planaria were found to biosynthesize MaR1 from deuterium labeled DHA, a process that was inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitor. These findings demonstrate that MaR1 is a potent immunoresolvent exerting anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolving and tissue regenerative actions. Moreover, they offer new pathways for assessing macrophage functions and novel mediators in regulating local tissue homeostasis and regeneration.This work was supported by NIH (Grants GM095467 and DE019938)
The Effects of Image on Learning and Vice Versa
Authors: Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: June 2021

Technology's impact on education is undeniable. Advanced image representation is almost a requirement by many institutions and governing bodies in medicine, dentistry, and allied health sciences. Endorsement to use technologies for demonstrative, training, and simulation purposes is almost ubiquitous. Often, efficacy and principles surrounding the use or development of complex visualisation tools is sparse for broad applications, and/or narrow for specific scenarios. This presentation will highlight methods that inform a “learner‐centred” approach to using images. The author will attempt to widen the understanding of complex images on learner behaviour and the underlying physiology of “what” and “how” learners achieve goals. We know learners are different, thus, this presentation will utilize learner spatial ability as the context. Learner differences can be described both by behaviour (extrinsic characteristics) and physiological consequence (intrinsic characteristics) supporting individual learning strategies. Pairing intrinsic and extrinsic information about the learner, pedagogical approaches incorporating complex visualisation can be developed, studied, and incorporated from an informed position. Educators, educational technologists, and industry will be in better position to develop meaningful and directed visualisation environments.Grant Funding Source: N/A
Lactoferrin (Lf) modulates microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP)‐ and cytokine‐induced inflammation in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Nonnecke Eric B. , Winters Sarah G. , Lönnerdal Bo L. 
Published: June 2021

Immune dysregulation of postnatal enteropathies includes aberrant exposure to microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMP) that potentiate an exaggerated inflammatory cytokine profile. The antimicrobial protein lactoferrin (Lf) associates with its cognate receptor (LfR) on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) of breast‐fed infants where it may exert immunomodulatory activity. Lf binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity possibly mitigating overt pattern‐recognition receptor signaling; however, little is know regarding the capacity of Lf to interrupt alternative MAMPs and their downstream cytokine profiles. Using a human fetal intestinal epithelial cell line (FHs74), we investigated effects of commercial bovine Lf (C‐bLf) on MAMP‐ (LPS: 1 μg/ml; DNA: 10 μg/ml, and flagellin: 1 μg/ml) and cytokine‐ (IL1β, TNFα, and IFNγ) induced inflammation. Analysis of protein expression showed that C‐bLf attenuates IL1β‐ and TNFα‐mediated up‐regulation of IL6 across time. Compared to unstimulated cells, LfR protein expression was up‐regulated in IL1β‐ (10 ng/ml) and TNFα‐ (50 ng/ml) stimulated cells. C‐bLf (400 μg/ml) inhibited MAMP‐induced IL6 and IL8 gene expression in unstimulated and cytokine‐stimulated cells at 4, 12, and 24 h. These findings suggest that Lf modulates cytokine‐ and MAMP‐induced inflammation in IECs suggesting a role for Lf in limiting the pathogenesis of postnatal enteropathies.Grant Funding Source: N/A