bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers With the Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Hypertensive Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Khera Rohan , Clark Callahan , Lu Yuan , Guo Yinglong , Ren Sheng , Truax Brandon , Spatz Erica S. , Murugiah Karthik , Lin Zhenqiu , Omer Saad B. , Vojta Deneen , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Despite its clinical significance, the risk of severe infection requiring hospitalization among outpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who receive angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) remains uncertain.

Methods and Results

In a propensity score–matched outpatient cohort (January–May 2020) of 2263 Medicare Advantage and commercially insured individuals with hypertension and a positive outpatient SARS‐CoV‐2, we determined the association of ACE inhibitors and ARBs with COVID‐19 hospitalization. In a concurrent inpatient cohort of 7933 hospitalized with COVID‐19, we tested their association with in‐hospital mortality. The robustness of the observations was assessed in a contemporary cohort (May–August). In the outpatient study, neither ACE inhibitors (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 0.53–1.13,
P
=0.18) nor ARBs (HR, 0.88; 0.61–1.26,
P
=0.48) were associated with hospitalization risk. ACE inhibitors were associated with lower hospitalization risk in the older Medicare group (HR, 0.61; 0.41–0.93,
P
=0.02), but not the younger commercially insured group (HR, 2.14; 0.82–5.60,
P
=0.12;
P
‐interaction 0.09). Neither ACE inhibitors nor ARBs were associated with lower hospitalization risk in either population in the validation cohort. In the primary inpatient study cohort, neither ACE inhibitors (HR, 0.97; 0.81–1.16;
P
=0.74) nor ARBs (HR, 1.15; 0.95–1.38,
P
=0.15) were associated with in‐hospital mortality. These observations were consistent in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
ACE inhibitors and ARBs were not associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization or mortality. Despite early evidence for a potential association between ACE inhibitors and severe COVID‐19 prevention in older individuals, the inconsistency of this observation in recent data argues against a role for prophylaxis.
Z warsztatu leksykograficznego Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Powtórzenia haseł
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

From the Lexicographic Workshop of Bartholomeus de Bydgostia: Recurrences of EntriesThe aim of this article is to describe 280 examples of recurrences of Polish entries in the Latin-Polish dictionaries by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia of 1532 and 1544. The first researchers considered these recurrences to be mere mistakes resulting from a long time taken to prepare the dictionaries or from other causes. However, the scale of this phenomenon (4.3%) and its peculiar regularity make one think of another way of interpreting it – as Bartholomeus’ lexicographic method. Z warsztatu leksykograficznego Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Powtórzenia hasełNiniejszy artykuł opisuje 280 przykładów powtórzeń haseł polskich w łacińsko-polskich słownikach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy (1532 i 1544). Pierwsze badaczki traktowały je wyłącznie jako pomyłki spowodowane między innymi długim czasem przygotowywania słowników. Jednakże skala tego zjawiska (4,3%) i jego regularność oznaczają, że można je interpretować inaczej – jako jedną z metod leksykograficznych Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy.
Типологія словотвірних парадигм префіксальних дієслів зі значенням «переміщення вгору» в польській мові
Authors: Сегін [Sehin] Любомир [Liubomyr] Васильович [Vasylʹovych] 
Published: February 2021

A Typology of Word-Formation Paradigms of Polish Prefixed Verbs with the Meaning of ‘Moving Upwards’ This article offers an analysis of the derivational potential of Polish prefixed verbs with the meaning of ‘moving upwards’. The study defines a typical derivational paradigm of the verbs in focus, singles out derivational paradigm blocks based on word-class affiliation of the deverbatives, delineates structural types of derivational paradigms according to the number of such blocks, and identifies the main derivational trends of the verbs under scrutiny. The study found that the prefixed verbs have a significant derivational potential primarily at the level of substantive word formation, with verb formations being less regular, and adjective formations proving the least regular. In terms of structural typology, the most frequent microsystems contained one word-class block (noun derivatives), two blocks (noun and verb derivatives), or three blocks (noun, adjective and verb derivatives). Typologia paradygmatów słowotwórczych czasowników przedrostkowych o znaczeniu ‘przemieszczać ku górze’ w języku polskim Artykuł poświęcony jest badaniom potencjału słowotwórczego czasowników przedrostkowych o znaczeniu ‘przemieszczać ku górze’ w języku polskim. W toku badań zrekonstruowano typowy paradygmat słowotwórczy analizowanych czasowników, wyodrębniono bloki paradygmatu słowotwórczego dewerbatywów według przynależności do części mowy oraz typy strukturalne paradygmatów słowotwórczych w zależności od liczby takich bloków. W artykule określono również główne trendy słowotwórcze analizowanych czasowników. Badania wykazały, że czasowniki przedrostkowe mają znaczący potencjał słowotwórczy przede wszystkim na poziomie derywacji substantywnej, mniej regularne jest tworzenie derywatów czasownikowych, zaś najmniej regularne – tworzenie derywatów przymiotnikowych. W typologii paradygmatów słowotwórczych najliczniej reprezentowane są mikrosystemy z jednym blokiem derywatów przynależnych do części mowy (substantywny), z dwoma blokami (substantywno-werbalny) i z trzema blokami (substantywno-adiektywno-werbalny).
Deep-Water Warming in the Gulf of Mexico from 2003 to 2019
Authors: Ochoa José , Ferreira-Bartrina Vicente , Candela Julio , Sheinbaum Julio , López Manuel , Pérez-Brunius Paula , Herzka Sharon , Amon Rainer M.W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA key consequence in climate change is the warming of deep waters, away from the faster warming rates of near-surface subtropical and tropical waters. Since surface and near-surface oceanic temperatures have been measured far more frequently in time and space than deep waters (>2000 m), deep measurements become quite valuable. Semi-enclosed basins, such as the Gulf of Mexico, are of particular interest as the waters below sills that connect with the neighboring oceans have residence times much longer than upper layers. Within the western Gulf of Mexico, near-bottom measurements at ~3500-m depths at four sites show a stable linear warming trend of ~16 ± 2 m°C decade−1 for the period 2007–18, and CTD data from eight oceanographic cruises occurring from 2003 to 2019 show a trend of ~18 ± ~2 m°C decade−1 from the bottom to ~2000 m below the surface. The bottom geothermal heat flux is a contributing factor to be considered in the warming and renewal of such waters, but it has not changed over millennia and is therefore unlikely to be the cause of the observed trend. The densest waters that spill into the Gulf of Mexico, over the Yucatan Channel sill, must mix substantially during their descent and in the near-bottom interior, losing their extreme values. A simple box model connects the observed warming, well within the Gulf interior, with that expected in the densest waters that spill from the North Atlantic into the Cayman Basin through Windward Passage and suggests that the source waters at the entrance to the Caribbean have been warming for at least 100 years.
EMS operation in a female restricted university, Saudi prospective
Authors: Alassaf Wajdan , Al Hamid Sameer , Kentab Osama , Al Otaibi Abdullah , Al Mufareh Bandar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper was written to explain the process and steps and to describe the experience with building a women-only operated collegiate emergency medical service (EMS) system in the largest women-only university in the world. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the EMS system described in this report is the first collegiate EMS system in the Gulf region. The concept of the collegiate EMS system at the university, the factors that mandated the creation of this system, the process steps, the challenges faced, and, finally, the reported outcome have been evaluated. The women-only campus conferred unique challenges and additional pressure during the planning and implementation stages of this project; our system had helped in decreasing response time to medical emergency, provided back up support during mass gathering events in the university, and helped in decreasing the load on other national EMS services.
Behavioral changes and hygiene practices of older adults in Japan during the first wave of COVID-19 emergency
Authors: Arai Yasumichi , Oguma Yuko , Abe Yukiko , Takayama Midori , Hara Azusa , Urushihara Hisashi , Takebayashi Toru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
On April 7, 2020, Japan declared a state of emergency due to the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the associated social distancing likely to have had a great impact on older adults’ lifestyle and health. This study aimed to explore the behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices in relation with background psychosocial and health characteristics of older adults during the COVID-19 emergency.

Methods
A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted with the participants of the Kawasaki Aging and Wellbeing Project (KAWP), an on-going longitudinal cohort study of older adults aged 85 or older. The interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire consisting of 11 closed questions regarding behavioral changes and personal hygiene practices during the state of emergency. Sociodemographic and health data were obtained from the KAWP baseline survey conducted 2.2 years before the telephonic survey.

Results
Overall, 487 participants from the KAWP responded to the telephonic survey (response rate: 89.2%). 94.5% of the respondents reported no changes in basic lifestyle habits, such as eating, sleeping, smoking, and drinking, whereas 28.1% reported a decrease in physical activity, and 54.6% reported going out less frequently. One-third of the respondents reported a decrease in the number of people to converse with, as well as the amount of time to converse. For personal hygiene practices, 93.8% reported wearing a mask when they went out, and 50.3% reported an increased frequency of handwashing. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that engagement in physical activity at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–3.08), smartphone ownership (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33–3.47), and visual impairment (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.10–2.91) were independently associated with decreased physical activity during the COVID-19 emergency. Female respondents and smartphone ownership were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing.

Conclusions
The study revealed that older adults in an urban setting responded to the COVID-19 emergency with behavioral changes. The findings of this study have implications for the design of preventive strategies to maintain the health and wellbeing of at-risk older adults.
Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics
Authors: Bell Joshua A. , Santos Ferreira Diana L. , Fraser Abigail , Soares Ana Luiza G. , Howe Laura D. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Carslake David , Davey Smith George , O’Keeffe Linda M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Males experience higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) than females, but the circulating traits underpinning this difference are poorly understood. We examined sex differences in systemic metabolites measured at four life stages, spanning childhood to middle adulthood.

Methods
Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (7727 offspring, 49% male; and 6500 parents, 29% male). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy from a targeted metabolomics platform was performed on EDTA-plasma or serum samples to quantify 229 systemic metabolites (including lipoprotein-subclass-specific lipids, pre-glycaemic factors, and inflammatory glycoprotein acetyls). Metabolites were measured in the same offspring once in childhood (mean age 8 years), twice in adolescence (16 years and 18 years) and once in early adulthood (25 years), and in their parents once in middle adulthood (50 years). Linear regression models estimated differences in metabolites for males versus females on each occasion (serial cross-sectional associations).

Results
At 8 years, total lipids in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were lower in males; levels were higher in males at 16 years and higher still by 18 years and 50 years (among parents) for medium-or-larger subclasses. Larger sex differences at older ages were most pronounced for VLDL triglycerides—males had 0.19 standard deviations (SD) (95% CI = 0.12, 0.26) higher at 18 years, 0.50 SD (95% CI = 0.42, 0.57) higher at 25 years, and 0.62 SD (95% CI = 0.55, 0.68) higher at 50 years. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein-B, and glycoprotein acetyls were generally lower in males across ages. The direction and magnitude of effects were largely unchanged when adjusting for body mass index measured at the time of metabolite assessment on each occasion.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that males begin to have higher VLDL triglyceride levels in adolescence, with larger sex differences at older ages. Sex differences in other CHD-relevant metabolites, including LDL cholesterol, show the opposite pattern with age, with higher levels among females. Such life course trends may inform causal analyses with clinical endpoints in specifying traits which underpin higher age-adjusted CHD rates commonly seen among males.
Outcomes of dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Chou Te-Feng Arthur , Pai Fu-Yuan , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are at a higher risk of dislocation after hip arthroplasty procedures. In comparison with total hip arthroplasty (THA), bipolar hemiarthroplasty (HA) and dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty (DM-THA) can be an effective alternative treatment which increases the effective head size and overall stability of the prosthesis. We aim to review the current evidence on the outcome after DM-THA and HA for femoral neck fractures in the elderly.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive review of literatures on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials and comparative interventional studies. Of the 936 studies identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria (541 DM-THA and 603 HA procedures). Two reviewers independently reviewed and graded each study and recorded relevant data including dislocation rate, implant failure rate, reoperation rate, 1-year mortality rate, Harris hip score (HHS), operation time, and intraoperative blood loss.

Results
DM-THA was associated with a lower dislocation rate (OR 3.599; 95% CI 1.954 to 6.630), a lower reoperation rate (OR 2.056; 95% CI 1.211 to 3.490), an increased operation time (SMD − 0.561; 95% CI − 0.795 to − 0.326) and more intraoperative blood loss (SMD − 0.778; 95% CI − 1.238 to − 0.319), compared with the HA group. Moreover, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, posterolateral surgical approach, and choice of DM-THA or HA were not associated with dislocation or reoperation.

Conclusions
Based on the current evidence, the advantages reported for DM-THA over HA with regard to dislocation and reoperation rate in elderly patients with FNF remain inconclusive. High-quality studies on the high-risk patients with cognitive disorder or dementia are necessary to validate the value of DM-THA.
Protection strategy against outbreak of COVID-19 at a tertiary hematology-oncology: strengths and pitfalls
Authors: Kaddu-Mulindwa Dominic , Thurner Lorenz , Bewarder Moritz , Murawski Niels , Ahlgrimm Manfred , Pfuhl Thorsten , Gärtner Barbara , Smola Sigrun , Stilgenbauer Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak it is mandatory for health care workers to develop containment strategies. Recently published data showed, that cancer patients might have a higher risk for severe course of the disease. We therefore developed a strategy of screening and containment for SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized cancer patients. Our approach includes a temporary isolation in a so-called floating zone and testing strategy for screening of asymptomatic individuals by pooling of samples before RT-PCR amplification. Patients as far as health care professionals got tested twice a week. Nurses and physicians entered the floating zone with full body protection. Within 8 weeks we tested 418 individuals (professionals and patients) in total. Only 2 patients had COVID-19 without documented further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We therefore think that our strategy might be a useful approach to protect inpatients with cancer at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection during this ongoing pandemic.
Chronic pain after breast surgery: incidence, associated factors, and impact on quality of life, an observational prospective study
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Mandarano Raffaele , Scirè-Calabrisotto Caterina , Rizzelli Valeria , Del Duca Martina , Montin Diego Pomarè , Paparella Laura , De Gaudio A. Raffaele , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic pain after breast surgery (CPBS) has a disabling impact on postoperative health status. Mainly because of the lack of a clear definition, inconsistency does exist in the literature concerning both the actual incidence and the risk factors associated to CPBS. The aim of this prospective, observational study is to describe the incidence of and risk factors for CPBS, according to the definition provided by the IASP taskforce. The impact of CPBS on patients’ function and quality of life is also described.

Methods
Women aged 18+ undergoing oncological or reconstructive breast surgery from Jan until Apr 2018 at the Breast Unit of Careggi Hospital (Florence, Italy) were prospectively observed. Postoperative pain was measured at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 3 months (CPBS) after surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were compared in CPBS and No-CPBS groups through multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Among the 307 patients considered in this study, the incidence of CPBS was 28% [95% CI 23.1–33.4%]. Results from the logistic regression analysis suggest that axillary surgery (OR [95% CI], 2.99 [1.13–7.87], p = 0.03), preoperative use of pain medications (OR [95% CI], 2.04 [1.20–3.46], p = 0.01), and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 h postoperatively (OR [95% CI], 1.28 [1.05–1.55], p = 0.01) were all independent predictors for CPBS.

Conclusions
Chronic pain after breast surgery is a frequent complication. In our cohort, long-term use of analgesics for pre-existing chronic pain, axillary surgery, and higher dynamic NRS values at 6 h postoperatively were all factors associated with increased risk of developing CPBS. The possibility to early detect persistent pain, particularly in those patients at high risk for CPBS, might help physicians to more effectively prevent pain chronicisation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04309929.
A theory of migration: the aspirations-capabilities framework
Authors: de Haas Hein 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper elaborates an aspirations–capabilities framework to advance our understanding of human mobility as an intrinsic part of broader processes of social change. In order to achieve a more meaningful understanding of agency and structure in migration processes, this framework conceptualises migration as a function of aspirations and capabilities to migrate within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. It distinguishes between the instrumental (means-to-an-end) and intrinsic (directly wellbeing-affecting) dimensions of human mobility. This yields a vision in which moving and staying are seen as complementary manifestations of migratory agency and in which human mobility is defined as people’s capability to choose where to live, including the option to stay, rather than as the act of moving or migrating itself. Drawing on Berlin’s concepts of positive and negative liberty (as manifestations of the widely varying structural conditions under which migration occurs) this paper conceptualises how macro-structural change shapes people’s migratory aspirations and capabilities. The resulting framework helps to understand the complex and often counter-intuitive ways in which processes of social transformation and ‘development’ shape patterns of migration and enable us to integrate the analysis of almost all forms of migratory mobility within one meta-conceptual framework.
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) survival on transgenic cotton in India
Authors: Naik V. Chinna Babu , KB Subbireddy , Kranthi Sandhya , Nagrare V. S. , Kumbhare Sujit , Gokte-Narkhedkar Nandini , Waghmare V. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Insecticidal proteins from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) marks the genetically modified cotton crop that was commercialized in India in March 2002 for the control of lepidopteron bollworms. Despite organized initial control, the pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), adapted itself to cry toxins resulted in field control failures in 2016 and 2017. The present study was designed to understand the survival and development of PBW populations differing in susceptibility to Cry toxins on Bt and non-Bt plants.

Results
For assessment of infestation, populations were collected from different cotton growing states. Per cent infestation of flowers and green bolls in the study areas were in the range of 3.09–29.26 and 36–91.20% for flowers and green bolls, respectively. Among different locations highest magnitude of resistance to Cry1Ac (371.8-fold) and Cry2Ab (4214.3-fold) was spotted in late season populations of Rajkot collected from bolls. Further, in order to confirm field level resistance of surviving larvae on high and low concentrations of Cry toxins, larvae were pooled and subjected to boll bioassays. Results revealed that, none of the larvae from susceptible populations survived on BGII bolls. Although, the same populations showed a survival of 38 and 32%, which led to 80% locule damage on non-Bt cotton. Maximum survival (32%) and locule damage (70%) was observed for Maharashtra (F-H) Cry2Ab and Gujarat (B-H) Cry2Ab populations recorded 36% survival and 70% mortality, respectively, on BGII cotton and 58.33% survival and 60% locule damage on non-Bt cotton, respectively. Populations derived from survivals on low concentrations produced the lowest survival and locule damage on Bt cotton. Maximum number of mines on epicarp (2.4 mines/boll) was recorded by susceptible population on NBt cotton. Green bolls of Bt and NBt cotton did not differ in the number of mines.

Conclusion
It was concluded that none of the larvae from susceptible populations survived on BGII bolls. Although, the same populations showed a survival of 38 and 32%, which led to 80% locule damage on non-Bt cotton