bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap Struktur Histologis Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperglikemia
Authors: Shofiati Nunuk , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun , Sitasiwi Agung Janika , Isdadiyanto Sri 
Published: October 2021

Indikator klinis penyakit Diabetes Melitus adalah hiperglikemia. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif obat herbal hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun mimba terhadap struktur histologis pankreas pada tikus hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini mengunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan jumlah tikus 24 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. P0 (kontrol normal) adalah kelompok tikus normal yang diberi akuades, P1 (kontrol negatif) adalah tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi akuades. P2 (kontrol positif) adalah kelompok tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi glibenklamid dosis 2,25 mg/kg BB. P3, P4, dan P5 adalah kelompok tikus yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kg BB tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap bobot pankreas, diameter, luas, dan densitas pulau Langerhans (P>0,05). Skoring struktur pulau Langerhans berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitneymenunjukkan hasil beda nyata pada kelompok tikus yang diberi daun mimba (P≤0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, pemberian ekstrak daun mimba dosis 400mg/kg BB menunjukkan adanya perbaikan morfologi pulau Langerhans. The clinical indicator of Diabetes mellitus was hyperglycemia. Azadirachta indica A. Juss was a plant has the potential to alternative medicine for hyperglycemia. The study was to analyze the ethanol neem leaf extract effect on histological structure of hyperglycemic rat pancreas. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 24 rats were divided into 6 treatment groups and 4 replications. P0 (control) was a normal rats group were given distilled water, P1 (negative control) was a hyperglycemic rats group were given distilled water. P2 (positive control) was a hyperglycemic rats were given 2.25 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide. P3, P4, and P5 were rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW of ethanolic neem leaf extract.The data analyzed by ANOVA at 95% significance showed the treatment of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW ethanolic neem leaf extract had no significant effect on the pancreatic weight, diameter, area, and density of Langerhans islet (P> 0.05). The score of Langerhans islet structure based on the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the groups of mice given neem leaves (P≤0.05). Treatment of 400mg/Kg BW neem leaf extract showed an improvement in the morphology of the islets of Langerhans.
Pertambahan Biomassa dan Produksi Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada Usia Panen yang Berbeda
Authors: Abdulaziz Rasyid , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Izzati Munifatul 
Published: October 2021

Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang dapat digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, dan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan usia panen dengan biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri pada organ daun serta batang selasih. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan faktor pertama usia panen (1; 1,5; dan 2 bulan), dan faktor kedua organ tanaman (daun dan batang). Media tanam menggunakan tanah dan kompos (1:1) yang dimasukkan dalam polibag ukuran 30cm x 30cm, dan diberi naungan paranet 25%. Parameter yang diamati: data pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan cabang primer), biomassa, dan produksi minyak atsiri. Analisis data menggunakan Anaylysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Duncan's Multiple Range Test(DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa tanaman yang dipanen pada umur lebih tua menunjukkan pertumbuhan, biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri yang lebih tinggi. Pada usia 1,5 bulan, biomassa meningkat 114,485% dibanding usia 1 bulan, sedangkan pada usia 2 bulan, peningkatan biomasa 91,410% dibanding usia1,5 bulan. Produksi minyak atsiri tertinggi dihasilkan oleh organ daun pada usia panen 2 bulan sebesar 0,273g, dan 0,023g pada organ batang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia panen berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri tanaman selasih. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains essential oils that can be used in the cosmetic, perfume, medical industries. This study aims to determine the relationship between harvest age and biomass and essential oil production in basil leaves and stems. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern, with the first factor being harvest age (1; 1.5; and 2 months), and the second factor being plant organs (leaves and stems). The planting medium used soil and compost (1:1) which was put in 30cm x 30cm polybags and was given a 25% para net shade. Parameters observed: growth data (plant height, number of leaves, and primary branches), biomass, and essential oil production. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. Research shows that plants harvested at an older age show higher growth, biomass, and essential oil production. At the age of 1.5 months, biomass increased by 114.485% compared to the age of 1 month, while at the age of 2 months, the increase in biomass was 91.410% compared to the age of 1.5 months. The highest essential oil production was produced by leaf organs at 2 months of harvesting at 0.273g, and 0.023g in stem organs. The conclusion of this study showed that different harvest ages had a significant effect on the biomass and essential oil production of basil plants.
Critical nonlocal Schrödinger-Poisson system on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Liu Zeyi , Tao Lulu , Zhang Deli , Liang Sihua , Song Yueqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the following a new critical nonlocal Schrödinger-Poisson system on the Heisenberg group:

−

a
−
b

∫

Ω

|

∇

H

u

|

2

d
ξ

Δ

H

u
+
μ
ϕ
u
=
λ

|

u

|

q
−
2

u
+

|

u

|

2

u
,

in

Ω
,

−

Δ

H

ϕ
=

u
2

,

in

Ω
,

u
=
ϕ
=
0
,

on

∂
Ω
,

$$\begin{equation*}\begin{cases} -\left(a-b\int_{\Omega}|\nabla_{H}u|^{2}d\xi\right)\Delta_{H}u+\mu\phi u=\lambda|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{2}u,\quad &\mbox{in} \, \Omega,\\ -\Delta_{H}\phi=u^2,\quad &\mbox{in}\, \Omega,\\ u=\phi=0,\quad &\mbox{on}\, \partial\Omega, \end{cases}
\end{equation*}$$

where Δ
H
is the Kohn-Laplacian on the first Heisenberg group

H

1

$ \mathbb{H}^1 $

, and

Ω
⊂

H

1

$ \Omega\subset \mathbb{H}^1 $

is a smooth bounded domain, a, b > 0, 1 < q < 2 or 2 < q < 4, λ > 0 and

μ
∈

R

$ \mu\in \mathbb{R} $

are some real parameters. Existence and multiplicity of solutions are obtained by an application of the mountain pass theorem, the Ekeland variational principle, the Krasnoselskii genus theorem and the Clark critical point theorem, respectively. However, there are several difficulties arising in the framework of Heisenberg groups, also due to the presence of the non-local coefficient (a − b∫Ω∣∇
H

u∣2
dx) as well as critical nonlinearities. Moreover, our results are new even on the Euclidean case.
The dynamics and geographic disjunction of the kelp Eisenia arborea along the west coast of Canada
Authors: Watson Jane C. , Hawkes Michael W. , Lee Lynn C. , Lamb Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Eisenia arborea has a disjunct distribution along the west coast of North America. We detail the current distribution of E. arborea and use long-term records to examine how present-day shifts in E. arborea prevalence and abundance in British Columbia (BC), relative to the dominant stipitate kelp Pterygophora californica, may be driven by interactions between changing grazing pressure and warming water. We further speculate on how the disjunction of E. arborea arose. The ancestor of E. arborea likely dispersed from Japan to North America where glaciation disrupted its distribution and speciation occurred. As glaciers retreated E. arborea likely dispersed into BC from warmer waters in the south and/or expanded from refugia off Vancouver Island and Haida Gwaii. While E. arborea is uncommon, our records extend its range into Alaska and Washington State. Along western Vancouver Island, BC, under warming conditions, E. arborea prevalence and abundance increased where once-extirpated sea otters (Enhydra lutris) removed urchins. Where otters were absent, however, reduced summer wave heights, associated with warming, apparently allowed urchins to graze shallow-water kelps, which declined. We suggest that under warming conditions, sea otters may increase kelp resilience, with E. arborea becoming more prevalent in NE Pacific kelp forests.
以“了”为端点构拟汉语语法的体系统模型
Authors: 燕梅 柳 
Published: October 2021

提 要本文对 “了” 的本体研究成果进行梳理总结, 首先, 把句末“了”和词尾“了”都归于体助词。两个“了”代表着事件、动作内部动态发展过程“体”中的两个端点: 发生起点(句末“了”)和完成结点(词尾“了”), 在此语法意义基础上探讨了两个“了”的句法条件和语用规则。其次, 通过对比时和体、汉语与英语时体系统的不同, 对汉语的时态提出了“已然”和“未然”两种时态隐性表达的假设。并根据汉语的不同体阶段构拟了汉语体系统的模型, 以图表方式总结汉语体系统中各个体助词的语法意义、句法条件和语用规则。然后, 基于“最近发展区”的教学理论, 提出在对外汉语教学中使用体系统的模型辅助体助词的教学, 以词尾“了”的教学举例来示范说明使用体模型的教学步骤和活动, 帮助学生对汉语语法的体系统全景有一个清晰的认识和了解。最后, 本文建议开展对“了”教学的不同尝试和实验, 探讨解决汉语语法教学中这一难点的有效方法和途径。
Individual Differences in Perceptions of Social Presence: Exploring the Role of Personality in Online Distance Learning
Authors: Weidlich Joshua , Kreijns Karel , Bastiaens Theo J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social presence is a central concept relating to interpersonal aspects in online distance learning. However, the conditions and determinants of its emergence are not yet fully understood. As a construct rooted in social psychology, the potential of individual differences predicting perceptions of social presence has been largely neglected, thus, constituting a gap in our understanding. In a sample of 201 online distance education students, the merits of a trait-level view of social presence were investigated. To this end, personality was assessed using the Big Five personality inventory, exploring both a dimensional and a typological approach. Results suggest that specific personality typologies may be more prone to perceptions of social presence, thus calling for an extension of our theoretical modeling of the construct.
On spectral and non-spectral problem for the planar self-similar measures with four element digit sets
Authors: Li Qian , Wu Zhi-Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider the self-similar measure

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

generated by an expanding real matrix

M
=

(

ρ

-
1

0

0

ρ

-
1

)

∈

M
2

⁢

(
ℝ
)

{M=\begin{pmatrix}\rho^{-1}&0\\
0&\rho^{-1}\end{pmatrix}\in M_{2}({\mathbb{R}})}

and a digit set

𝒟
=

{

(

0

0

)

,

(

a

b

)

,

(

c

d

)

,

(

a
+
c

b
+
d

)

}

⊆

ℤ
2

.

{{\mathcal{D}}=\Biggl{\{}\begin{pmatrix}0\\
0\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}a\\
b\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}c\\
d\end{pmatrix},\begin{pmatrix}a+c\\
b+d\end{pmatrix}\Biggr{\}}\subseteq{\mathbb{Z}}^{2}}.

In this paper, we study the spectral and non-spectral problems of

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

. In this case that

(

a

b

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}a\\
b\end{smallmatrix})}

and

(

c

d

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}c\\
d\end{smallmatrix})}

are two independent vectors, we prove that if

ρ

-
1

∈
ℤ

{\rho^{-1}\in{\mathbb{Z}}}

, then

μ

M
,
𝒟

{\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}}}

is a spectral measure if and only if

ρ

-
1

∈

2
⁢
ℤ

{\rho^{-1}\in 2{\mathbb{Z}}}

.
For the case that

(

a

b

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}a\\
b\end{smallmatrix})}

and

(

c

d

)

{(\begin{smallmatrix}c\\
d\end{smallmatrix})}

are two dependent vectors, we first give the sufficient and necessary condition for

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

to contain an infinite orthogonal set of exponential functions. Based on this result, we can give the exact cardinality of orthogonal exponential functions in

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

when

L
2

⁢

(

μ

M
,
𝒟

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{M,{\mathcal{D}}})}

does not admit any infinite orthogonal set of exponential functions by classifying the values of ρ.
Effect of groundwater fluctuation, construction, and retaining system on slope stability of Avas Hill in Hungary
Authors: Hemid Eslam M. , Kántor Tamás , Tamma Ahmed A. , Masoud Mostafa A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Landslides are one of the natural hazards, which have significant negative effects on both humans and the environment. Thus, slope stability analyses and stabilization processes are necessary to obviate or mitigate landslides. In this study, the effect of groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of a building (i.e., a recently built church) on slope stability was investigated on the eastern slope of the Avas Hill, at Miskolc, in Northeast Hungary. Soil movements and groundwater levels were monitored and geological and slope stability models were constructed. Furthermore, the possibility of constructing a retaining system was evaluated to minimize the detrimental effects of both groundwater level fluctuations and the construction of the church. The findings showed that the fluctuation in groundwater levels had a destructive effect on slope stability due to pore-water pressure, which decreased the soil strength of the slope and slope stability. On the other hand, the church added an external load onto the underlying soil leading to an increase in slope instability. Hence, we suggested constructing retaining structures such as gravity retaining walls to increase the soil shear strength and enhance slope stability in the long term.
Several characterizations of Bessel functions and their applications
Authors: Nahid Tabinda , Ali Mahvish 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present work deals with the mathematical investigation of some generalizations of Bessel functions. The main motive of this paper is to show that the generating function can be employed efficiently to obtain certain results for special functions. The complex form of Bessel functions is introduced by means of the generating function. Certain enthralling properties for complex Bessel functions are investigated using the generating function method. By considering separately the real and the imaginary part of complex Bessel functions, we get respectively cosine-Bessel functions and sine-Bessel functions for which several novel identities and Jacobi–Anger expansions are established. Also, the generating function of degenerate Bessel functions is investigated and certain novel identities are obtained for them. A hybrid form of degenerate Bessel functions, namely, of degenerate Fubini–Bessel functions, is constructed using the replacement technique. Finally, the explicit forms of the real and the imaginary part of complex Bessel functions are established by a hypergeometric approach.
Cyclic voltammetry to study kinetics of blast furnace slag and cerium dioxide modified electrode
Authors: Mourya Arti , Sinha Sudip K. , Mazumdar Bidyut 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of a voltammetric sensor to measure hazardous elements has gotten a lot of coverage. The electrochemical sensor in this study was modified with cerium dioxide (CeO2) and blast furnace slag (BFS), which opens up new possibilities for improving the electrocatalytic properties of the fabricated sensor. In general chemical kinetics or mass transport can restrict the reactions involved in electrochemical detection. The prepared electrodes were tested against potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6 solution by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the chemical reactions involve during redox process. The electron transfer kinetics, chemical rate constant, and diffusion characteristics of reactions can all be extracted using this method. Further this sensor was applied in the detection of lead and copper ions in aqueous solution. The results show that the redox reaction is a one-electron transfer mechanism with high selectivity and sensitivity. The value of transfer coefficient (α) for the electrode reaction was calculated as 0.61. Also the calculated heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) of the modified electrode was 2.41.
Removal of iron and sulphate during acid mine drainage treatment using laboratory successive alkalinity producing system and its behavioural relationship
Authors: Patel Murlidhar , Jade Ravi K. , Dewangan Pankaj K. , Dash Ashish K. , Kaushik Anupam K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of the persistent water pollution problems in many coal mines of U.S.A. and Canada. Only few mines in India face this problem. The treatment of acid mine water has become a statutory requirement in almost all mines of the world. Metal removal and alkalinity generation is essential feature of any AMD treatment system but sulphate removal from acid mine drainage is still given the secondary importance. In the present study, four AMDs were treated in laboratory Successive Alkalinity Producing System (SAPS) for five different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The total iron removal and corresponding sulphate removal along with net alkalinity generation were studied during AMD treatment process by SAPS. A complete removal of total iron and sulphate removal of over 59% have been achieved. The study revealed that the total iron removal and sulphate removal increases with increase in HRT and its removal exhibited linear relationship. A substantial increase in alkalinity was also found after SAPS treatment. The findings of the study can be utilized in design of SAPS for removal of iron and sulphate during treatment of AMD in mining areas.
Evaluating the impact of doping concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers
Authors: Khamis Mustafa A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study is to investigate the impact of thulium concentration on the performance of in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers with considering ion–ion interactions. Due to the fluorescence quenching in silica glass, the fluorescence lifetimes are required to compute at every Tm concentration. The theoretical model of fluorescence decay curves at in-band pumped thulium-doped silica fiber is used to determine the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 levels. The calculated lifetimes of the commercially available thulium-doped silica fiber are 650 µs for 3F4 level and 14 µs for 3H4 level and these results are consentient well with the experimental reported results. The theoretical evaluating of the amplifier performance shows that the gain amplifier reduces with concentration increase because of the impact of both fluorescence quenching and the reverse cross-relaxation process. Thus, in contrast to pumping wavelength at 790 nm, there are negative effects of the high doping concentration of Tm ions on the amplifier performance at the in-band pumping scheme.
Efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review
Authors: Li Raymond , Jose Ann , Poon Jessica , Zou Cindy , Istafanos Maria , Yao Sheldon C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to impaired motor and non-motor function in patients. PD is non-curative and gradually reduces quality of life, leading patients to seek treatment for symptom management. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) applies the biomechanical, neurologic, circulatory, metabolic, and psychosocial models in approaching and treating the major symptomatology of PD patients.

Objectives
This article evaluates the literature published in the past 10 years analyzing evidence on OMT and its functional application on gait, balance, motor function, bradykinesia, and autonomic dysfunctions, and to identify promising avenues for further investigation.

Methods
The authors obtained studies from the research databases MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDaily, and EBSCO, as well as the Journal of American Osteopathic Association’s published archives. Searches were conducted in December 2020 utilizing the search phrases “OMM” (osteopathic manipulative medicine), “OMT,” “osteopathic,” “Parkinson Disease,” “manual therapy,” “physical therapy,” “training,” “autonomics,” “gait,” and “balance.” Articles published between 2010 and 2021 including subjects with Parkinson’s disease and the use of OMT or any other form of manual therapy were included. Five authors independently performed literature searches and methodically resolved any disagreements over article selection together.

Results
There were a total of 10,064 hits, from which 53 articles were considered, and five articles were selected based on the criteria.

Conclusions
The progressive nature of PD places symptom management on the forefront of maintaining patients’ quality of life. OMT has demonstrated the greatest efficacy on managing motor-related and neurologic symptoms and assists in treating the greater prevalence of somatic dysfunctions that arise from the disease. Research in this field remains limited and should be the target of future research.
C-reactive protein levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes in the United States
Authors: Lentner Jacob , Adams Taylor , Knutson Valene , Zeien Sarah , Abbas Hassan , Moosavi Ryan , Manuel Chris , Wallace Thomas , Harmon Adam , Waters Richard , Ledford Samuel , Vijayakrishnan Rajakrishnan , Jagan Nikhil , Falluji Nezar , DelCore Michael , Bay Curt , Jhamnani Sunny 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
COVID-19 caused a worldwide pandemic, and there are still many uncertainties about the disease. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could be utilized as a prognosticator for disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Objectives
This study aims to determine whether CRP levels are correlated with COVID-19 patient outcomes and length of stay (LoS).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing data obtained between March and May 2020. Data were collected by abstracting past medical records through electronic medical records at 10 hospitals within CommonSpirit Health. Patients were included if they had a positive COVID-19 test from a nasopharyngeal swab sample, and if they were admitted and then discharged alive or had in-hospital mortality and were ≥18 years. A total of 541 patients had CRP levels measured and were included in this report. Patient outcome and LoS were the endpoints measured.

Results
The 541 patients had their CRP levels measured, as well as the demographic and clinical data required for analysis. While controlling for body mass index (BMI), number of comorbidities, and age, the first CRP was significantly predictive of mortality (p<0.001). The odds ratio for first CRP indicates that for each one-unit increase in CRP, the odds of death increased by 0.007. For LoS, the first CRP was a significant predictor (p<0.001), along with age (p=0.002). The number of comorbidities also predicted LoS (p=0.007), but BMI did not. The coefficient for the first CRP indicates that, for each one-unit increase in CRP, LoS increased 0.003 days.

Conclusions
The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the CRP levels of COVID-19 patients and their respective outcomes with regard to death and LoS.