bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Solute Transport in Saturated Porous Media with Bounded Domains
Authors: Mohammadi Bahareh , Mehdinejadiani Behrouz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work presents the first attempt to develop unconditionally stable, implicit finite difference solutions of one‐sided spatial fractional advection‐dispersion equation (s‐FADE) by imposing the nonzero Dirichlet boundary condition (ND BC) or the nonzero fractional Robin boundary condition (NFR BC) at inlet boundary and the zero fractional Neumann boundary condition (ZFN BC) at outlet boundary. The results of the numerical studies performed using artificial solute transport parameters demonstrated that the numerical solution with the NFR BC as the inlet boundary produced much more realistic concentration values. The numerical solution with the NFR BC at the inlet boundary was capable of correctly describing the Fickian and non‐Fickian behaviors of the solute transport at different α values, and it had the relatively same accuracy at different numbers of the spatial nodes. Also, the practical application of the numerical solution with the NFR BC as the inlet boundary was investigated by conducting tracer experiments in homogeneous and heterogeneous soil columns. According to the obtained results, this numerical solution described well solute transport in the homogenous and heterogeneous soils. The α values of the homogeneous and heterogeneous soils were obtained in the ranges of 1.849–1.999 and 1.248–1.570, respectively, which were in excellent agreement with the physical properties of the soils. In a nutshell, the numerical solution of the s‐FADE with the NFR BC as the inlet boundary can be successfully applied to describe the solute transport in the homogeneous and heterogeneous soils with bounded spatial domains.
Strategic philanthropy's investment in public systems: A framework for intervention
Authors: Shaw Aileen , Canavan John , Dolan Pat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the nature of philanthropic intervention in the infrastructure for service and policy development. It offers a comprehensive review of the literature associated with a style of philanthropy that, characterized as ‘strategic’ in orientation, is accompanied by a set of goals for creating impact and adopts a public policy focus. Such approaches are grounded in the unique roles adopted by private foundations in society; alongside their nebulous place as stakeholders in the systems and services occupied by private and public agencies. Firstly, the authors undertake a comprehensive literature review in order to discern what elements of strategic philanthropy have resonance for funders operating with a public policy systems change orientation. From the findings they develop a framework for understanding strategic engagement in public systems that identifies areas of intervention where foundations have the greatest capacity for effectiveness based on their role identification in policy engagement, social innovation or convening. Understanding these three key points of intervention can be used in management and practice to inform the pathways for the adoption of goals among different stakeholders operating with diverse values, purposes and constraints.
Role of Bismuth incorporation on the structural and optical properties in BixIn35‐xSe65 thin films for photonic applications
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyanka , Das Subhashree , Alagarasan Devarajan , Ganesan Rajamanickam , Varadharajaperumal Selvaraj , Naik Ramakanta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present paper investigated the influence of Bi concentration on the structural, linear, and non‐linear optical properties of thermally evaporated BixIn35‐xSe65 (x = 0, 5, 7, 10, 15 at %) thin films. The structural analysis by the XRD measurements showed the crystalline nature at 7 and 15% Bi while the other concentrations showed amorphous nature. The corresponding bonding change was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The optical study by UV‐Vis spectroscopy showed the decrease in transmittance and an increase in absorbance property. The linear optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, optical density increased while skin depth decreased with Bi additives. The direct, as well as the indirect optical bandgap, decreased along with the decrease in the Tauc parameter. The variation is well explained on the basis of density of defect states by the Mott and Davis model. The non‐linear refractive index and non‐linear susceptibility increased significantly with Bi % which is good for non‐linear optical applications. The static linear refractive index as calculated by the Dimirov and Sakha empirical relation showed an incremental behavior with Bi% concentration and satisfied Moss's rule. The surface structure and elemental concentration were analyzed by FESEM and EDX analysis. The result of the above investigation suggests that these materials can be used as an absorbing layer for several optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Low social affiliation predicts increases in callous‐unemotional behaviors in early childhood
Authors: Perlstein Samantha , Waller Rebecca , Wagner Nicholas J. , Saudino Kimberly J. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCallous‐unemotional (CU) behaviors predict risk for aggression and rule‐breaking. Low social affiliation (i.e. reduced motivation for and enjoyment of social closeness) is hypothesized to be a phenotypic marker for CU behaviors in early childhood. However, studies need to establish observational methods to objectively assess social affiliation as well as to establish parenting practices that can buffer pathways from low social affiliation to CU behaviors.MethodsUsing data from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (age 2, 47% females; age 3, 44.9% females), we examined reciprocal associations between observed social affiliation, CU behaviors, and oppositional‐defiant behaviors. We tested whether positive parenting moderated associations over time.ResultsWe established that an observed measure of social affiliation derived from the Bayley’s Behavior Rating Scale and Infant Behavior Record showed high inter‐rater reliability and expected convergence with parent‐reported temperament measures. Lower social affiliation at age 2 uniquely predicted CU behaviors, but not oppositional‐defiant behaviors, at age 3. Finally, low social affiliation at age 2 predicted CU behaviors at age 3 specifically among children who experienced low, but not high, levels of parental positivity.ConclusionsAn objective rating scale that is already widely used in pediatric settings reliably indexes low social affiliation and risk for CU behaviors. The dynamic interplay between parenting and low child social affiliation represents an important future target for novel individual‐ and dyadic‐targeted treatments to reduce risk for CU behaviors.
Timing of pyloric stenosis and effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilation after pyloric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Takayama Hiroshi , Toyonaga Takashi , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Abe Hirofumi , Nakai Tatsuya , Ueda Chise , Urakami Satoshi , Kaku Hidetoshi , Shimamoto Yusaku , Matsumoto Kei , Tsuda Kazunori , Sakaguchi Hiroya , Matsuoka Koki , Baba Shinichi , Takihara Hiroshi , Ikezawa Nobuaki , Tanaka Shinwa , Takao Madoka , Takao Toshitatsu , Morita Yoshinori , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThere have been studies on risk factors for stenosis after pyloric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the most appropriate strategies for the management of cases with these risk factors have not been established. This study aimed to investigate post‐ESD management by evaluating the timing of stenosis and the effectiveness of endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) after pyloric ESD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cases of pyloric ESD. We first reassessed risk factors for stenosis in multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve and defined patients with the identified risk factors as the risk group. The primary outcome was the timing of stenosis in the risk group assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsWe reviewed 159 cases with pyloric ESD and observed pyloric stenosis in 25 cases. Cases with circumferential mucosal defect ≥ 76% were identified as the risk group. The stenosis‐free probability in the risk group was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79–100%), 94% (95% CI: 76–98%), and 85% (95% CI: 66–93%) on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively. It decreased every week thereafter and did not significantly change after day 56. Twenty‐three stenosis cases, except for conservative improvement, including six whole circumferential pyloric ESD cases, were improved by EBD without complications.ConclusionsPost‐ESD stenosis often developed from the third to the eighth week. In all pyloric ESD cases, including whole circumferential pyloric ESD cases, pyloric stenosis was improved following EBD without complications.
The association between neurohormonal therapy and mortality in older adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Gilstrap Lauren , Austin Andrea M. , Gladders Barbara , Goyal Parag , O'Malley A. James , Barnato Amber , Tosteson Anna N. A. , Skinner Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesNeurohormonal therapy, which includes beta‐blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEi/ARBs), is the cornerstone of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treatment. While neurohormonal therapies have demonstrated efficacy in randomized clinical trials, older patients, which now comprise the majority of HFrEF patients, were underrepresented in those original trials. This study aimed to determine the association between short‐ (30 day) and long‐term (1 year) mortality and the use of neurohormonal therapy in HFrEF patients, across the age spectrum.Design/Setting/ParticipantsThis is a population‐based, retrospective, cohort study between January 2008 and December 2015. We used 100% Medicare Parts A and B and a random 40% sample of Part D to create a cohort of 295,494 fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with at least one hospitalization for HFrEF between 2008 and 2015. All analyses were performed between May 2019 and July 2020.ExposureWe used Part D data to determine exposure to beta‐blocker and ACEi and ARB therapy.ResultsWe found that in 295,494 patients admitted for HFrEF between 2008 and 2015, the average age was 80 years, 54% were female and 17% were non‐white. The baseline mortality rate was higher among those aged ≥85, but the mortality benefits of neurohormonal therapy were preserved across the age spectrum. Among those ≥85 years old, the hazard ratio for death within 30 days was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.62; p < 0.001) for beta‐blockers and 0.47 (95% CI 0.44–0.49; p < 0.001) for ACEi/ARBs. The hazard ratio for death within 1 year was 0.37–0.56 (95% CI 0.35–0.58; p < 0.001) for beta‐blockers and 0.38–0.53 (95% CI 0.37–0.55; p < 0.001) for ACEi/ARB.ConclusionAt a population level, neurohormonal therapy was associated with lower short‐ and long‐term mortality across the age spectrum.
Effects of macrophage regulation on fat grafting survival: Improvement, mechanisms, and potential application—A review
Authors: Chen Qiuyu , Liu Shuo , Cao Lideng , Yu Mei , Wang Hang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutologous fat grafting has become a popular tool in plastic surgery to solve soft tissue defects and achieve skin rejuvenation, but the volume loss after transplantation remains a disturbing problem. In recent years, some new strategies have improved the outcome to some extent, but the fat graft retention is still far from ideal, so there remains a wide development prospect in this field. Macrophages are closely related to the local microenvironment and tissue regeneration, and their role in fat grafting has been increasingly highlighted.AimsThis article was aimed to review the efficacy, possible mechanisms, and potential application of macrophage regulation on fat grafting, as well as concerns and future perspectives of this filed.MethodsA retrospective review of the published data was conducted.ResultsMost studies indicated that up‐regulating M2 macrophages during fat grafting would improve fat retention via promoting neovascularization. M2 macrophages could secrete several pro‐angiogenic factors, accelerate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and directly function on endothelial cells to encourage vascular expansion. In addition, macrophages could influence the proliferation, apoptosis, and adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes.ConclusionsDuring autologous fat grafting, appropriately regulating macrophages may become a promising method to increase fat retention. Nevertheless, the M2 macrophage polarizing agents, treatment opportunity, and contraindications require further discussion. We hope our work could promote more in‐depth studies in this field, and we are looking forward to a standard procedure for the macrophage therapy in clinical practice.
Nomogram of fetal right portal vein diameter at gestational age 30 to 35 weeks and prediction of small for gestational age at birth
Authors: Jokkaew Neranute , Pleankong Monyada , Smanchat Buppa , Prommas Sinart , Bhamarapravatana Kornkarn , Suwannarurk Komsun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo construct the nomogram of fetal right portal vein (RPV) diameter at 30 to 35 weeks' gestation in Thai pregnant population and the use of RPV measurement to predicting small for gestational age (SGA) fetus.MethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional study of singleton pregnancies at antenatal visit between 30 and 35+6weeks of gestation in single center, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital (BAH) was conducted from January to August 2020. Ultrasonography of fetal biometry and RPV diameter measurement were performed as well as immediate newborn birth weight measurement. The nomogram of fetal RPV was developed for standardization for Thai people.ResultsA total of 219 singleton pregnant women were enrolled and ultrasonographic measurement of RPV and fetal biometry was obtained. Mean maternal age and gestational period were 29.4 years and 33.0 weeks, respectively. One third of participants were classified as obese. RPV diameter ranged from 1.85 to 6.07 mm and increased linearly with gestational age. The optimal threshold of RPV diameter for diagnosis SGA was less than 3.06 mm with area under ROC curve at a level of 0.613 (95%CI 0.496 to 0.731). Sensitivity and specificity were 38.46% and 83.94%, respectively. There was no fetal death or neonatal morbidity in the present study.ConclusionRPV diameter increases in size depending on gestational age. RPV diameter at 30 to 35+6weeks gestation was a useful measurement for SGA prediction. RPV measurements greater than 3.06 mm strongly indicated normal fetal growth.
Effect of orofacial physiotherapeutic and hygiene interventions on oral health–related quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Baram Sara , Karlsborg Merete , Øzhayat Esben Boeskov , Bakke Merete 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) has a negative effect on oral health and orofacial function, but the subjective experience of orofacial symptoms and their impact on the quality of life is not fully investigated. In addition, knowledge of how to improve the subjective oral symptoms is lacking.ObjectivesTo assess the self‐reported orofacial function and oral health in patients with PD. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of interventions for improvement of oral hygiene and function on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsA randomised controlled study with delayed intervention was conducted in 29 patients with moderate to advanced PD. Patients were instructed in a standardised exercise programme for the jaw and orofacial muscles and given an individualised oral hygiene programme. The effect on self‐reported orofacial function and OHRQoL was measured after 2 and 4 months using the Nordic Orofacial Test—Screening (NOT‐S), the oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14), self‐reported drooling score and subjective mastication ability.ResultsSelf‐reported oral health and function before the intervention was significantly correlated to the severity and duration of PD. The NOT‐S and drooling score were significantly improved by the interventions after 2 months and the OHIP‐14 after 4 months.ConclusionThe interventions improve the self‐reported orofacial function and OHRQoL. These simple interventions can be implemented in the allied multidisciplinary health care surrounding the PD patient.
Healthcare of Persons With Complex Developmental Disabilities From Three European Experiences: France, Italy, and Norway
Authors: Rousseau Marie‐Christine , Dagois Jean‐Francois , Lausecker Claire , Humbertclaude Eric , Dominique Alain , Hamouda Ilyes , Auquier Pascal , Billette de Villemeur Thierry , Baumstarck Karine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe healthcare pathway of persons with complex developmental disabilities differs by country, depending both on the specificities of the associated healthcare system and the related societal views. In 2017, the French National Organization of Solidarity for Autonomy entrusted to a group of French experts with a specific mission to analyze three European experiences.Specific AimThe aim of this article is to report the similarities and differences in the healthcare pathways of persons with complex developmental disabilities between France and two other European countries, Italy and Norway. The three countries present different health policies and different ideologies for the care management of persons with complex developmental disabilities.MethodA group of six French experts (including a neuro‐pediatrician, an occupational therapist, a specialist of physical medicine and rehabilitation, a responsible member of a residential facility, a family caregiver representative, and the administrative coordinator of the French Polyhandicap Federation) traveled throughout Italy and Norway (3 and 4 days, respectively). Standardized forms were used to collect information, including dedicated structures, care delivery, dedicated physicians and other healthcareworkers, human and financial aid, place of the caregivers, and preventive and therapeutic actions.FindingsLaw and health policies, funding, care coordination, and education differ between the three countries (France, Italy, and Norway) and in their effect on the lives of patients and their families.DiscussionThe three different society models for modalities of care for persons with complex developmental disabilities may have consequences on the lives of patients and their families. This work may help to optimize the level of care according to both patient and family characteristics.
Sexual harassment and assault predict sleep disturbances and is partly mediated by nightmares: Findings from a national survey of all university students in Norway
Authors: Steine Iris M. , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Hysing Mari , Puigvert Lidia , Schønning Viktor , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: June 2021

SummarySexual harassment and assault is common in most domains of society, and has been linked to several adverse outcomes, including reduced sleep quality. However, less is known about the possible impact of sexual harassment and assault on various sleep problems among university students. In a sample of 49,051 students in Norway (69.2% women), we examined i) the associations of varying extents of sexual harassment (unwanted sexual comments, looks or gestures, photographs, indecent exposure, and physical harassment) and sexual assault (attempted or completed rape), with meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) diagnostic criteria of insomnia and with sleep duration, ii) the association of cumulative exposure to sexual harassment/assault with insomnia and sleep duration, and iii) to what extent nightmares could explain the association between sexual harassment and insomnia and sleep duration. For both genders, all forms of harassments with the exception of “indecent exposure” and “unwanted sexual photographs” for men were negatively associated with sleep duration, with the strongest associations being found for “rape” and “attempted rape”. For both genders, the odds of insomnia increased as a function of cumulative harassment exposure. Similarly, a graded, negative association was found between cumulative harassment and sleep duration for both genders. Mediation analyses showed that 28% of the observed association between cumulative harassment and insomnia, and 15% of the association between cumulative harassment and sleep duration, was mediated by frequency of nightmares.
The status of California yellowtail Seriola dorsalis as a commercially ready species for marine U.S. aquaculture
Authors: Rotman Federico , Stuart Kevin , Silbernagel Constance , Drawbridge Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCalifornia yellowtail (CYT; Seriola dorsalis) is a promising candidate for marine aquaculture in the United States because there is an existing market and cultured Seriola spp. command prices as high as $27.70 per kg for head‐on gutted product. Methods for commercial‐scale Seriola spp. fingerling production and growout have been refined globally in recent years. Spawning can be accomplished without hormone therapy and adults spawn viable eggs when ambient water temperatures are between 15 and 22°C. Larval culture of CYT includes rotifers and Artemia, with the addition of greenwater. Larval survival to 1 g juveniles (45 days post hatch) is typically high at 30–60%. However, poor swim bladder inflation and skeletal malformations require culling and can reduce this yield substantially. Growout of CYT to market size at Hubbs‐SeaWorld Research Institute (HSWRI) has been completed on a very limited basis in flow through tanks where it takes 18–24 months to achieve a market weight of 3.5–4.0 kg. While culture of this species is commercially ready from a technical and business perspective, research is still needed to improve swim bladder inflation, reduce deformities, optimize nutrition across all life stages, and assist with disease diagnosis and control. Most notable among bottlenecks to commercialization in the United States is the need for growout capacity both for net pen and land‐based culture.
Basil, Ocimum basilicum, yield in northern latitudinal aquaponic growing conditions
Authors: Abbey Marie , Anderson Neil O. , Yue Chengyan , Schermann Michele , Phelps Nicholas , Venturelli Paul , Vickers Zata 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe need for yield research is increasing with the popularity of aquaponic food production systems where plants and fish are grown together in a recirculating system. Our objective was to compare the yield of three basil cultivars (“Elenora,” “Genovese,” “Nufar,” Ocimum basilicum) in four configurations (greenhouses: floating raft DWS, ebb & flow, A‐frame; warehouse: floating raft; 1–8 tank replications/treatment) as well as a soilless control to establish a baseline for aquaponic producers in northern latitudes. We also tested whether basil yield varied among fish types: yellow perch, Perca flavescens, goldfish, Carassius auratus, tilapia, Oreochromis spp., and koi, Cyprinus carpio. Fish tank water temperature, nitrite, and alkalinity levels differed significantly over seasons (summer, winter). There was a significant decrease in basil production in all aquaponic systems that used koi (greenhouse, warehouse). No significant difference in basil yield was found among greenhouse and aquaponic systems for perch, tilapia, or goldfish nor among the basil “Elenora,” “Genovese,” and “Nufar.” Considerable variation occurred in yield although most of it occurred in fresh weights, being reduced significantly in dry weights. The effects of growing koi fish on reducing aquaponic production of basil is noteworthy, although future research is needed to the exact cause.