bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact and limiting solutions of fluid flow for axially oscillating cylindrical pipe and annulus
Authors: Sarkar U. K. , Biswas Nirmalendu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Navier–Stokes equations have been solved to derive the expressions of the velocity distributions for two cases: (1) oscillatory flows inside and outside of an axially oscillating cylindrical pipe, and (2) oscillatory flow inside an axially oscillating cylindrical annulus. In both the cases, in addition to the exact expressions for the velocity profiles, particular emphasis has been given for the determination of approximate velocity distributions for the high frequency and low frequency or quasi-static limits. It is shown that, for sufficiently large value of an appropriate frequency parameter, the velocity distribution inside the axially or longitudinally oscillating cylindrical annulus can be approximated as a superposition of the velocity distribution inside an axially oscillating cylindrical pipe of radius $${\bar R_o}$$

R

¯

o

and the velocity distribution outside an axially oscillating cylindrical pipe of radius $${\bar R_i}$$

R

¯

i

, where $${\bar R_i}$$

R

¯

i

and $${\bar R_o}$$

R

¯

o

are the inner and outer radii of the axially oscillating annulus, respectively.
Thermal ignition of a combustible over an inclined hot plate
Authors: Parvin Salaika , Roy Nepal Chandra , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the ignition characteristics and the flow properties of the mixed convection flow are presented. Detailed formulations of the forced, natural and mixed convection problems have been discussed. In order to avoid inconvenient switch between the forced and natural convection we introduce a continuous transformation in the mixed convection. We make a comparison between these situations which reveal a good agreement. For mixed convection flow, the ignition distance is explicitly expressed as a function of the Prandtl number, reaction parameter and wall temperature. It has been observed that owing to the increase of the aforesaid parameters, the thermal ignition distance is reduced. Numerical results are illustrated for velocity, temperature, and concentration for different physical parameters. Furthermore, the development of combustion is presented by using streamlines, isotherms and isolines of fuel and oxidizer.
On cointegration and cryptocurrency dynamics
Authors: Keilbar Georg , Zhang Yanfen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to model the joint dynamics of cryptocurrencies in a nonstationary setting. In particular, we analyze the role of cointegration relationships within a large system of cryptocurrencies in a vector error correction model (VECM) framework. To enable analysis in a dynamic setting, we propose theCOINtensityVECM, a nonlinear VECM specification accounting for a varying systemwide cointegration exposure. Our results show that cryptocurrencies are indeed cointegrated with a cointegration rank of four. We also find that all currencies are affected by these long term equilibrium relations. The nonlinearity in the error adjustment turned out to be stronger during the height of the cryptocurrency bubble. A simple statistical arbitrage trading strategy is proposed showing a great in-sample performance, whereas an out-of-sample analysis gives reason to treat the strategy with caution.
Hereditäre gastrointestinale Tumoren
Authors: Horisberger Karoline , Turina Matthias 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEine familiäre Veranlagung liegt in einem Viertel aller Fälle von kolorektalen Karzinomen vor. Sehr viel weniger Patienten (ca. 5 %) sind von einer vererbbaren genetischen Veranlagung betroffen. Dabei ist es interessant, dass ein nennenswerter Prozentsatz der hereditären Tumoren durch Neumutationen verursacht wird – die Familiengeschichte ergibt also keinen Hinweis, die Diagnose ist aber wichtig für die PatientInnen und ihre Nachkommen. Verbesserte Diagnostik führt dazu, dass der Anteil hereditärer Ursachen bei den kolorektalen Karzinomerkrankungen zunimmt und wohl noch weiter zunehmen wird. Das insgesamt verbesserte Überleben onkologischer Patienten wiederum führt dazu, dass auch häufiger Patienten mit Zweit- oder Drittkarzinomen behandelt werden. Aber zu häufig noch werden Patienten tatsächlich erst bei einem zweiten oder dritten Karzinom der entsprechenden Diagnostik zugeführt. Es sollen in diesem Artikel die häufigsten polypösen und nichtpolypösen kolorektalen hereditären Tumorerkrankungen, die dazugehörigen Surveillance-Programme und Operationsmethoden vorgestellt werden. Ebenso wird aufgezeigt, welche anderen Organe betroffen sein können.
Structural hierarchy from wavelet zoom and invariant construction
Authors: Huang Zhiheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring the past decade there have seen substantial progress being made on materials genome related research. However, coupling mechanisms across multi-scale microstructure and resulting consequences on property and performance of materials remain unsolved problems. Structural hierarchy, which was a concept developed but not quantitatively fulfilled in 1970s, is referred to as microstructure genome here and pinpoints the key enabler for materials genome engineering. Latest progress in deep learning for image recognition and understanding the underlying mathematical mechanisms have revealed the pivotal roles that directional wavelets and invariants play. Hierarchical invariants constructed by a wavelet system can provide an inherent descriptor for microstructure genome.
Utilizing a church-based platform for mental health interventions: exploring the role of the clergy and the treatment preference of women with depression
Authors: Iheanacho Theddeus , Nduanya Ujunwa Callista , Slinkard Samantha , Ogidi Amaka Grace , Patel Dina , Itanyi Ijeoma Uchenna , Naeem Farooq , Spiegelman Donna , Ezeanolue Echezona E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Training lay people to deliver mental health interventions in the community can be an effective strategy to mitigate mental health manpower shortages in low- and middle-income countries. The healthy beginning initiative (HBI) is a congregation-based platform that uses this approach to train church-based lay health advisors to conduct mental health screening in community churches and link people to care. This paper explores the potential for a clergy-delivered therapy for mental disorders on the HBI platform and identifies the treatment preferences of women diagnosed with depression.

Methods
We conducted focus group discussion and free-listing exercise with 13 catholic clergy in churches that participated in HBI in Enugu, Nigeria. These exercises, guided by the positive, existential, or negative (PEN-3) cultural model, explored their role in HBI, their beliefs about mental disorders, and their willingness to be trained to deliver therapy for mental disorders. We surveyed women diagnosed with depression in the same environment to understand their health-seeking behavior and treatment preferences. The development of the survey was guided by the health belief model.

Results
The clergy valued their role in HBI, expressed understanding of the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual model of mental disorders, and were willing to be trained to provide therapy for depression. Majority of the women surveyed preferred to receive therapy from trained clergy (92.9%), followed by a psychiatrist (89.3%), and psychologist (85.7%).

Conclusion
These findings support a potential clergy-focused, faith-informed adaptation of therapy for common mental disorders anchored in community churches to increase access to treatment in a resource-limited setting.
DNA translated: Friedrich Miescher's discovery of nuclein in its original context
Authors: Hall Kersten , Sankaran Neeraja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 1871, the Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher published the results of a detailed chemical analysis of pus cells, in which he showed that the nuclei of these cells contained a hitherto unknown phosphorus-rich chemical which he named ‘nuclein’ for its specific localisation. Published in German, ‘Ueber Die Chemische Zusammensetzung Der Eiterzellen’, [On the Chemical Composition of Pus Cells]Medicinisch-Chemische Untersuchungen(1871) 4: 441–60, was the first publication to describe DNA, and yet remains relatively obscure. We therefore undertook a translation of the paper into English, which, together with the original article, can be accessed via the following linkhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S000708742000062X. In this paper, we offer some intellectual context for its publication and immediate reception.
Measuring the impact of bovine digital dermatitis research on knowledge and practice of biosecurity during cattle foot-trimming
Authors: Gillespie Amy V. , Carter Stuart D. , Blowey Roger W. , Staton Gareth J. , Walsh Tessa R. , Evans Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research communication reports the results from questionnaires used to identify the impact of recent research into the disinfection of cattle foot-trimming equipment to prevent bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) transmission on (a) biosecurity knowledge and (b) hygiene practice of foot health professionals. An initial questionnaire found that more than half of participating farmers, veterinary surgeons and commercial foot-trimmers were not considering hand or hoof-knife hygiene in their working practices. The following year, after the release of a foot-trimming hygiene protocol and a comprehensive knowledge exchange programme by the University of Liverpool, a second survey showed 35/80 (43.8%) farmers, veterinary surgeons and commercial foot-trimmers sampled considered they were now more aware of the risk of spreading BDD during foot- trimming. Furthermore, 36/80 (45.0%) had enhanced their hygiene practice in the last year, impacting an estimated 1383 farms and 5130 cows trimmed each week. Participants who reported having seen both the foot-trimming hygiene protocol we developed with AHDB Dairy and other articles about foot-trimming hygiene in the farming and veterinary press, were significantly more likely to have changed their working practices. Difficulties accessing water and cleaning facilities on farms were identified as the greatest barrier to improving biosecurity practices. Participants' preferred priority for future research was continued collection of evidence for the importance and efficacy of good foot-trimming hygiene practices.
Navigating the choppy waters to Nirvana: A critical reflective account of caring for ageing parents in the fourth age
Authors: McInnes Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article revisits a paper and from an autoethnographic/critical reflective biographical approach re-examines seven cultural notions or myths, which may encourage ageism. It is framed within my experiential knowledge of caring for my ageing parents, with the tensions and challenges around problematising the value of expertise based on experience, communication, grief, and autonomy and freedom versus safety. The commentary emphasises that by analysing the impact of our personal life experiences, we can start to understand both the intended and unintended consequences of policy and practice affecting those in the fourth age. As a social work educator, I wanted to reflect upon how my tacit experiential knowledge, if made explicit, could impact upon my own and others’ learning. The recent death of my father has allowed for a period of reflection on my own caring and indeed my professional social work experience, knowledge, skills and practice. It is argued that the ageing process is unequal as class and socio-economic factors, i.e. geography, age, gender, religion and ethnicity, all play parts in determining how someone ages, and indeed upon the care an individual older person receives. A fuller understanding of negotiating the role of one stakeholder, that of a family carer in the ageing process, is elicited in this paper.
COVID-19 symptoms: a case–control study, Portugal, March–April 2020
Authors: Duque M. Perez , Lucaccioni H. , Costa C. , Marques R. , Antunes D. , Hansen L. , Sá Machado R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
COVID-19, although a respiratory illness, has been clinically associated with non-respiratory symptoms. We conducted a negative case–control study to identify the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2-positive results in Portugal. Twelve symptoms and signs included in the clinical notification of COVID-19 were selected as predictors, and the dependent variable was the RT-PCR test result. The χ2 tests were used to compare notified cases on sex, age group, health region and presence of comorbidities. The best-fit prediction model was selected using a backward stepwise method with an unconditional logistic regression. General and gastrointestinal symptoms were strongly associated with a positive test (P < 0.001). In this sense, the inclusion of general symptoms such as myalgia, headache and fatigue, as well as diarrhoea, together with actual clinical criteria for suspected cases, already updated and included in COVID-19 case definition, can lead to increased identification of cases and represent an effective strength for transmission control.
Measuring the Masses: Mass-Gathering Medical Case Reporting, Conceptual Modeling – The DREAM Model (Paper 5)
Authors: Lund Adam , Turris Sheila , Rabb Haddon , Munn Matthew Brendan , Chasmar Elizabeth , Ranse Jamie , Hutton Alison 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Without a robust evidence base to support recommendations for first aid, health, and medical services at mass gatherings (MGs), levels of care will continue to vary. Streamlining and standardizing post-event reporting for MG medical services could improve inter-event comparability, and prospectively influence event safety and planning through the application of a research template, thereby supporting and promoting growth of the evidence base and the operational safety of this discipline. Understanding the relationships between categories of variables is key. The present paper is focused on theory building, providing an evolving conceptual model, laying the groundwork for exploring the relationships between categories of variables pertaining the health outcomes of MGs.Methods:A content analysis of 54 published post-event medical case reports, including a comparison of the features of published data models for MG health outcomes.Findings:A layered model of essential conceptual components for post-event medical reporting is presented as the Data Reporting, Evaluation, & Analysis for Mass-Gathering Medicine (DREAM) model. This model is relational and embeds data domains, organized operationally, into “inputs,” “modifiers,” “actuals,” and “outputs” and organized temporally into pre-, during, post-event, and reporting phases.Discussion:Situating the DREAM model in relation to existing models for data collection vis a vis health outcomes, the authors provide a detailed discussion on similarities and points of difference.Conclusion:Currently, data collection and analysis related to understanding health outcomes arising from MGs is not informed by robust conceptual models. This paper is part of a series of nested papers focused on the future state of post-event medical reporting.
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and kidney stones in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2016
Authors: Zhang Chichen , Qiu Shi , Bian Haiyang , Tian Bowen , Wang Haoyuan , Tu Xiang , Cai Boyu , Jin Kun , Zheng Xiaonan , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:We evaluate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and kidney stones.Design:We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intake information was assessed using first 24-h dietary recall interviews, and the Kidney Conditions were presented by a questionnaire. The primary outcome was to investigate the association between DII and incidence of kidney stones, and the secondary outcome was to assess the association between DII and nephrolithiasis recurrence.Setting:The NHANES, 2007–2016.Participants:The study included 25 984 NHANES participants, whose data on DII and kidney stones were available, of whom 2439 reported a history of kidney stones.Results:For the primary outcome, after fully multivariate adjustment, DII score is positively associated with the risk of kidney stones (OR = 1·07; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·10). Then, compared Q4 with Q1, a significant 38 % increased likelihood of nephrolithiasis was observed. (OR = 1·38; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·60). For the secondary outcome, the multivariate regression analysis showed that DII score is positively correlated with nephrolithiasis recurrence (OR = 1·07; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·15). The results noted that higher DII scores (Q3 and Q4) are positively associated with a significant 48 % and 61 % increased risk of nephrolithiasis recurrence compared with the reference after fully multivariate adjustment (OR = 1·48; 95 % CI 1·07, 2·05; OR = 1·61; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·31).Conclusions:Our findings revealed that increased intake of pro-inflammatory diet, as a higher DII score, is correlated with increased odds of kidney stones incidence and recurrence.
REALIZING METRICS OF CURVATURE ON CLOSED SURFACES IN FUCHSIAN ANTI-DE SITTER MANIFOLDS
Authors: LABENI HICHAM 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove that any metric with curvature less than or equal to

$-1$
(in the sense of A. D. Alexandrov) on a closed surface of genus greater than

$1$
is isometric to the induced intrinsic metric on a space-like convex surface in a Lorentzian manifold of dimension

$(2+1)$
with sectional curvature

$-1$
. The proof is by approximation, using a result about isometric immersion of smooth metrics by Labourie and Schlenker.
A Next Generation Ocean Carbon Isotope Model for Climate Studies I: Steady State Controls on Ocean 13C
Authors: Claret Mariona , Sonnerup Rolf E. , Quay Paul D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) carries valuable information on ocean biological C‐cycling, air‐sea CO2 exchange, and circulation. Paleo‐reconstructions of oceanic 13C from sediment cores provide key insights into past as changes in these three drivers. As a step toward full inclusion of 13C in the next generation of Earth system models, we implemented 13C‐cycling in a 1° lateral resolution ocean‐ice‐biogeochemistry Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model driven by Common Ocean Reference Experiment perpetual year forcing. The model improved the mean of modern δ13CDIC over coarser resolution GFDL‐model implementations, capturing the Southern Ocean decline in surface δ13CDIC that propagates to the deep sea via deep water formation. Controls on δ13CDIC of the deep‐sea are quantified using both observations and model output. The biological control is estimated from the relationship between deep‐sea Pacific δ13CDIC and phosphate (PO4). The δ13CDIC:PO4 slope from observations is revised to a value of 1.01 ± 0.02‰ (μmol kg−1)−1, consistent with a carbon to phosphate ratio of organic matter (C:Porg) of 124 ± 10. Model output yields a lower δ13CDIC:PO4 than observed due to too low C:Porg. The ocean circulation impacts deep modern δ13CDIC in two ways, via the relative proportion of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic deep water masses, and via the preindustrial δ13CDIC of these water mass endmembers. The δ13CDIC of the endmembers ventilating the deep sea are shown to be highly sensitive to the wind speed dependence of air‐sea CO2 gas exchange. Reducing the coefficient for air‐sea gas exchange following OMIP‐CMIP6 protocols improves significantly surface δ13CDIC relative to previous gas exchange parameterizations.
Large Amplitude Electrostatic Proton Plasma Frequency Waves in the Magnetospheric Separatrix and Outflow Regions During Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Steinvall K. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , André M. , Russell C. T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of large amplitude, parallel, electrostatic, proton plasma frequency waves on the magnetospheric side of the reconnecting magnetopause. The waves are often found in the magnetospheric separatrix region and in the outflow near the magnetospheric ion edge. Statistical results from five months of data show that these waves are closely tied to the presence of cold (typically tens of eV) ions, found for 88% of waves near the separatrix region, and that plasma properties are consistent with ion acoustic wavegrowth. We analyze one wave event in detail, concluding that the wave is ion acoustic. We provide a simple explanation for the mechanisms leading to the development of the ion acoustic instability. These waves can be important for separatrix dynamics by heating the cold ion component and providing a mechanism to damp the kinetic Alfvén waves propagating away from the reconnection site.
Assessing the COVID‐19 Impact on Air Quality: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Rybarczyk Yves , Zalakeviciute Rasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe worldwide research initiatives on Corona Virus disease 2019 lockdown effect on air quality agree on pollution reduction, but the most reliable method to pollution reduction quantification is still in debate. In this paper, machine learning models based on a Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm are built to assess the outbreak impact on air quality in Quito, Ecuador. First, the precision of the prediction was evaluated by cross‐validation on the four years prelockdown, showing a high accuracy to estimate the real pollution levels. Then, the changes in pollution are quantified. During the full lockdown, air pollution decreased by −53 ± 2%, −45 ± 11%, −30 ± 13%, and −15 ± 9% for NO2, SO2, CO, and PM2.5, respectively. The traffic‐busy districts were the most impacted areas of the city. After the transition to the partial relaxation, the concentrations have nearly returned to the levels as before the pandemic. The quantification of pollution drop is supported by an assessment of the prediction confidence.
Mercury Evidence of Intense Volcanism Preceded Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d
Authors: Yao Hanwei , Chen Xi , Yin Runsheng , Grasby Stephen E. , Weissert Helmut , Gu Xue , Wang Chengshan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeochemical studies of marine sediments indicate that most Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) appear coincident with Large Igneous Province (LIP) volcanism. OAE 1d records peculiar paleoceanographic changes and global carbon cycle perturbations, however, its association with volcanism has not yet been supported by robust geochemical evidence. To examine the potential role of volcanism we investigated the mercury (Hg) concentration and isotopic record of OAE 1d interval at the Youxia section, southern Tibet. The interval prior to OAE 1d is marked by a combined positive Δ199Hg and Hg content shift, which suggests a volcanic Hg source. These findings are consistence with a prominent increase in sea surface temperatures and atmospheric CO2 before OAE 1d. We suggest that eruption of the central portion of the Kerguelen LIP may have been the main source of the Hg anomaly and resulted in global environment perturbations that drove the onset of the anoxia event.