bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CarniFOSS: A database of the body mass of fossil carnivores
Authors: Faurby Søren , Morlo Michael , Werdelin Lars 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMotivationBody mass is one of the most important determinants of animal ecology. Unlike other important traits it is also readily inferable from fossils and it is therefore one of the only traits that can be directly analysed and compared between fossil and contemporary communities. Despite this, no comprehensive database of the body mass of larger clades of extinct species exists. Analysis of fossils has therefore been restricted to small clades or to smaller, potentially biased, subsets of species. We here describe CarniFoss, an open‐access database of body masses of all 1,322 extinct species of non‐pinniped Carnivoramorpha and two related extinct groups of carnivorous mammals, Hyaenodonta and Oxyaenidae.Main types of variables containedWe gathered lengths of teeth of fossil and extant species and body mass for extant species and a few of the best‐known fossil species. Following this we estimated body mass for all species through phylogenetic imputation.Spatial location and grainGlobal, terrestrial.Time period and grainWe collected data on all known species within the focal groups. The known species all lived in the Palaeogene, Neogene or Quaternary (i.e., the last 66 Myr).Major taxa and level of measurementWe searched for data on reported tooth size of all described species of Carnivoramorpha (excluding pinnipeds) and selected extinct related groups (Hyaenodonta and Oxyaenidae). We combined this with measured body mass for all extant species and inferred body mass based on long‐bones for selected extinct species, as well as a species‐level phylogeny including all extant and extinct species in the group, and inferred the body mass for all species using phylogenetic imputation.Software formatData are provided as a series of .csv files, with all metadata in a separate PDF file.
Identifying key forage plants to support wild bee diversity and a species at risk in the Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Purvis Emily E.N. , Best Lincoln R. , Galpern Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Global wild bee declines have been well documented in recent decades, with a regularly cited driver being habitat loss and the associated reduction of food and nesting resources. In North America's Prairie Pothole Region, habitat loss is largely attributed to agricultural intensification, resulting in the reduction of once common native grasslands surrounding wetlands.
Although restoration of these grassland–wetland complexes has been implemented across the region, wild bees are not often the primary target for recovery. Restoration efforts may better support wild bees by including specific flowering plants (i.e. food resources) intended to provision the highest diversity of taxa; however, very little information is available specific to this region, which covers over 700 000 km2 in Canada and the United States.
Our objective is to inform habitat restoration intended to support wild bee conservation through the addition of targeted flowering plant species at restored sites. As such, we used a model‐based approach to identify 16 key flowering plants present in remnant grassland–wetland complexes that are highly visited by diverse wild bee species, as well as by Bombus terricola Kirby, which is a species at risk in this region. The key plants represented eight families and supported approximately 82% of all visits from 69 out of the 75 observed bee species.
By incorporating the recommended floral resources into restoration practices in the Prairie Pothole Region, practitioners can more efficiently mitigate the habitat loss that is thought to be a major driver of wild bee decline.
Predictors of postoperative recurrence in patients with non‐metastatic pT3a renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ohsugi Haruyuki , Ohe Chisato , Yoshida Takashi , Ikeda Junichi , Sugi Motohiko , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of patterns of extrarenal tumor extension with other pathological factors on postoperative recurrence in patients with non‐metastatic pT3a renal cell carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 587 non‐metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent radical surgery between 2006 and 2017 at Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. We extracted a subset of 114 patients with pT3a of predominant histological types: 93 with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (81.6%), 13 with unclassified renal cell carcinoma (11.4%), six with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (5.3%) and two with papillary renal cell carcinoma. The primary end‐point was recurrence‐free survival. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 114 patients with pT3a renal cell carcinoma, 42 patients (36.8%) experienced recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that perinephric fat invasion (hazard ratio 2.36, P = 0.009), sarcomatoid or rhabdoid component (hazard ratio 2.88, P = 0.022) and necrosis (hazard ratio 2.34, P = 0.030) were independent factors for recurrence‐free survival. The high‐risk pT3a group, which had more than two independent predictors, had poor prognosis. Recurrence‐free survival of the high‐risk pT3a group and the pT3b or greater group were similar (median recurrence‐free survival 23.0 and 10.8 months, respectively).ConclusionsPerinephric fat invasion, sarcomatoid or rhabdoid component and necrosis are independent predictors of recurrence‐free survival in patients with pT3a‐predominant renal cell carcinoma. Patients with more than two of these predictors have poor oncological outcomes. These findings will aid in risk stratification for predicting recurrence and provide prognostic information for patient counseling.
Formulations and a Lagrangian relaxation approach for the prize collecting traveling salesman problem
Authors: Pantuza Guido , de Souza Mauricio C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prize collecting traveling salesman problem (PCTSP) is a generalization of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) in which a tour starting at a root node must visit a subset of nodes to collect a prescribed amount of total prize minimizing the summation of travel costs and penalty costs associated with nonvisited nodes. We propose new formulations and compare them with adaptations to the PCTSP of strong formulations from the literature for the asymmetric TSP. One of the formulations proposed in this paper provided the tighter linear relaxation bounds on computational experiments based on benchmark instances for the asymmetric TSP. We then develop a Lagrangian relaxation approach embedding heuristic schemes to obtain both lower and upper bounds. The proposed heuristic has shown to be successful in obtaining optimal or near‐optimal solutions with information from the Lagrangian subproblems. Our Lagrangian approach can thereupon provide small optimality gaps, being an efficient alternative to bound optimal values of large instances.
Binding communication to improve peripheral venous catheter monitoring
Authors: Thibaut Albertini , Olga Florea Bodean , Fanyu Huang , Jeremy Gonin , Jean Gaudart , Sophia Boudjema , Isabelle Richer , Céline Pascual‐Espuny , Michel Durampart , Philippe Brouqui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimizing the monitoring of peripheral venous catheters is essential. We developed a nursing record system at bedside (Patient Smart Reader) to track peripheral venous catheter acts.AimsThe aim of the present study was to improve peripheral venous catheter monitoring. To improve the quality of monitoring, we aimed to increase the usage of the nursing record system at the bedside.MethodsWe developed a ‘commitment intervention’ course based on a binding communication paradigm. The corresponding effect on monitoring was analysed using a p‐chart and time series analysis.FindingsNurses observed a significant improvement in compliance with catheter monitoring over time (shifts after shifts), ranging from 27.6% (CI = [25.3; 30.0]) compliance before the commitment intervention to 47.4% (CI = [45.0; 49.9]) compliance after training. The commitment intervention increased the chances of carrying out monitoring through the tool for acts related to peripheral venous catheters by a factor of 2.42 (odds ratio) (CI = [1.88; 3.11]).ConclusionBinding communication provides an effective method for changing nurses' behaviours in terms of safe care. The determinants of engagement (individual vs collective) can be indicators for defining future communication and training strategies in care centers for all health care workers.
Assessing the risk of vehicle instability due to flooding
Authors: Bocanegra Ricardo A. , Francés Félix 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlooding can destabilize vehicles which might, in turn, exacerbate the negative effects of floods when vehicles are swept away by flows, and lead to economic loss and fatalities. In order to suitably manage floods, it is necessary to determine the risk of instability to which vehicles in flood‐prone areas are subject. This paper develops a methodology to estimate this risk based on the characteristics of floods and the vehicle fleet located in potential flood‐prone areas. This risk is determined by the statistical integral of the instability hazard and vehicles' vulnerability. The instability hazard was established by a stability function of partially submerged cars and flood frequency, while vulnerability was calculated by combining the susceptibility and exposure of cars. Our methodology was applied in the towns of Alfafar and Massanassa (Spain). It found that the annualized instability risk due to flooding could be relatively high on most streets and roads, with values reaching the order of 8.4 at‐risk vehicles per hectare/year.
Functional decline among older cancer survivors in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging
Authors: Siddique Arfan , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Gallicchio Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has begun to emerge indicating that cancer survivors experience accelerated aging. This study examines this phenomenon by evaluating trajectories of functional decline in older adults with a history of a cancer diagnosis relative to those without a history of cancer.MethodsCommunity dwelling healthy volunteers in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were evaluated in the Clinical Research Unit of the National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program. Between 2006 and 2019, 1728 men and women (aged 22–100) underwent clinical evaluation of functional status; 359 reported having a history of cancer. Longitudinal associations between self‐reported cancer history and measures of functional decline were examined using generalized estimating equations. Additionally, time‐to‐event and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine trajectories of decline. Where appropriate, age‐stratified associations were examined, and models were adjusted for sex, body mass index, race, smoking status, education, and number of comorbid conditions.ResultsAmong all participants, a history of cancer was associated with 1.42 (95% CI 1.11–1.81) greater odds of weak grip strength. Among older participants (>65 years of age), those with a history of cancer had 1.61 (95% CI 1.28, 2.02) greater odds of slow gait speed and a 0.11 unit (95% CI 0.19–0.03) lower physical performance score than those with no cancer history. Time‐to‐event analysis showed that older individuals with a history of cancer experienced steeper decline in grip strength and gait speed than older adults with no history of cancer (p < 0.01).ConclusionCancer survivors, especially older individuals, demonstrate greater odds of and accelerated functional decline, suggesting that cancer and/or its treatment may alter aging trajectories. Observational and intervention studies are needed for prevention, mitigation, and/or reversal of aging‐related effects of cancer and its treatment.
Morphological patterns of the rib cage and lung in the healthy and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Schlager Benedikt , Krump Florian , Boettinger Julius , Jonas René , Liebsch Christian , Ruf Michael , Beer Meinrad , Wilke Hans‐Joachim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe morphology of the rib cage affects both the biomechanics of the upper body's musculoskeletal structure and the respiratory mechanics. This becomes particularly important when evaluating skeletal deformities, as in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to identify morphological characteristics of the rib cage in relation to the lung in patients with non‐deformed and scoliotic spines. Computed tomography data of 40 patients without any visible spinal abnormalities (healthy group) and 21 patients with AIS were obtained retrospectively. All bony structures as well as the right and left lung were reconstructed using image segmentation. Morphological parameters were calculated based on the distances between characteristic morphological landmarks. These parameters included the rib position, length, and area, the rib cage depth and width, and the rib inclination angle on either side, as well as the spinal height and length. Furthermore, we determined the left and right lung volumes, and the area of contact between the rib cage and lung. Differences between healthy and scoliotic spines were statistically analysed using the t‐test for unpaired data. The rib cage of the AIS group was significantly deformed in the dorso‐ventral and medio‐lateral directions. The anatomical proximity of the lung to the ribs was nearly symmetrical in the healthy group. By contrast, within the AIS group, the lung covered a significantly greater area on the left side of the rib cage at large thoracic deformities. Within the levels T1–T6, no significant difference in the rib length, depth to width relationship, or area was observed between the healthy and AIS groups. Inferior to the lung (T7–T12), these parameters exhibited greater variability. The ratio between the width of the rib cage at T6 and the thoracic spinal height (T1–T12) was significantly increased within the thoracic AIS group (1.1 ± 0.08) compared with the healthy group (1.0 ± 0.05). No statistical differences were found between the lung volumes among all the groups. While the rib cage was frequently strongly deformed in the AIS group, the lung and its surrounding ribs appeared to be normally developed. The observed rib hump in AIS appeared to be formed particularly by a more ventral position of the ribs on the concave side. Furthermore, the rib cage width to spinal height ratio suggested that the spinal height of the thoracic AIS‐spine is reduced. This indicates that the spine would gain its growth‐related height after correcting the spinal deformity. These are the important aspects to consider in the aetiology research and orthopaedic treatment of AIS.
Sharp and fully loaded: 3D tissue reconstruction reveals how snake fangs stay deadly during fang replacement
Authors: Cleuren Silke G. C. , Parker William M. G. , Richards Hazel L. , Hocking David P. , Evans Alistair R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSnake venom is produced, transported and delivered by the sophisticated venom delivery system (VDS). When snakes bite, the venom travels from the venom gland through the venom duct into needle‐like fangs that inject it into their prey. To counteract breakages, fangs are continuously replaced throughout life. Currently, the anatomy of the connection between the duct and the fang has not been described, and the mechanism by which the duct is reconnected to the replacement fang has not been identified. We examined the VDS in 3D in representative species from two families and one subfamily (Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspidinae) using contrast‐enhanced microCT (diceCT), followed by dissection and histology. We observed that the venom duct bifurcates immediately anterior to the fangs so that both the original and replacement fangs are separately connected and functional in delivering venom. When a fang is absent, the canal leading to the empty position is temporarily closed. We found that elapid snakes have a crescent‐shaped venom reservoir where venom likely pools before it enters the fang. These findings form the final piece of the puzzle of VDS anatomy in front‐fanged venomous snakes. Additionally, they provide further evidence for independent evolution of the VDS in these three snake taxa.
Evaluation of caridean ecological distribution in the Ubatuba region, southeastern Brazilian coast using unsupervised machine learning technique
Authors: Marques Alexandre Oliveira , de Sousa Aline Nonato , Bernardes Veronica Pereira , Bernardo Camila Hipolito , Reis Danielle Monique , Godoy Amanda Thaís , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe used the unsupervised machine learning technique to evaluate the environmental factors responsible for modulating the spatial and seasonal distribution of caridean shrimps from a southeastern region of the Brazilian coast. Samplings were collected from seven transects with an artisanal shrimp fishery boat with two double‐rig nets. Samplings occurred every month from October 2008 to September 2009. The most frequently captured species were Exhippolysmata oplophoroides, Leander paulensis, and Nematopalaemon schmitti. The highest abundance of shrimps occurred in autumn at the II, III, and V transects, which present a higher amount of coarse sediment and biodetritic fragments on the bottom. During autumn, the temperatures were the highest and salinity values were the lowest. Data evaluation indicated efficiency in the visualization of interactions of different shrimp species and environmental data. This kind of sediment may be allowing shrimps to burrow in shelters that prevent predation. The seasons with high temperatures and low salinities can offer better conditions for the establishment of the studied species, despite the fact that there is no hypothesis to prove it. Additionally, the higher abundance of such shrimps coincides with vegetal debris deposition, which could serve as food and provide protection for these shrimps. In this region, the vegetation matter deposited at the bottom of the bay comes from the Atlantic Forest. Overall, the preservation of the coastal forest strongly influences the abundance of this taxon, as it provides protection and food for these shrimps.
CRISPR interference identifies vulnerable cellular pathways with bactericidal phenotypes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: McNeil Matthew B. , Keighley Laura M. , Cook Josephine R. , Cheung Chen‐Yi , Cook Gregory M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death for which new drugs are needed. The identification of drug targets has been advanced by high‐throughput and targeted genetic deletion strategies. Each though has limitations including the inability to distinguish between levels of vulnerability, lethality, and scalability as a molecular tool. Using mycobacterial CRISPR interference in combination with phenotypic screening, we have overcome these individual issues to investigate essentiality, vulnerability and lethality for 94 target genes from a diverse array of cellular pathways, many of which are potential antibiotic targets. Essential genes involved in cell wall synthesis and central cellular functions were equally vulnerable and often had bactericidal consequences. Conversely, essential genes involved in metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, or amino acid synthesis were less vulnerable to inhibition and frequently bacteriostatic. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into mycobacterial genetics and biology that will help to prioritize potential drug targets.
Changes in plant species abundance alter the multifunctionality and functional space of heathland ecosystems
Authors: Liu Daijun , Chang Pi‐Hui S. , Power Sally A. , Bell John N. B. , Manning Peter 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThough it is well established that species composition affects ecosystem function, the way in which species combine to control overall ecosystem functioning is still debated.In experimental mesocosms, we planted three functionally distinct dry‐heath species in varying proportions and measured multiple ecosystem properties related to nutrient cycling and carbon storage (hereafter functions). Overall ecosystem functioning was described as the main axes of variation in ecosystem functioning (functional space) and the proportion of ecosystem functions at high levels; for example, fast carbon and nutrient cycling (cluster‐based multifunctionality).The first functional space axis, related to nitrogen availability, was driven by plant species abundance, particularly that of legumes, which strongly affected many individual functions. The second, related to total plant biomass and woodiness, was mostly driven by the abundance of dwarf shrubs. Similarly, cluster‐based multifunctionality was related to the initial abundance of all species, but particularly the legume. Interactions between species also affected ecosystem multifunctionality, but these effects were smaller in magnitude.These results indicate that species interactions could play a secondary role to species abundance and identity in driving the overall ecosystem functioning of heathlands, but also that axes of variation in functional space are clearly linked to plant functional composition.
A methodological framework for the hydrological model selection process in water resource management projects
Authors: Ghonchepour Diba , Sadoddin Amir , Bahremand Abdolreza , Croke Barry , Jakeman Anthony , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aims to present a process for hydrological model exploration for selecting an appropriate model compatible with the modeling objectives. The process consists of three stages: (1) initial choice based on the modeling objectives; (2) model selection based on intercomparison among underlying conceptualizations of the models; and (3) final model selection based on influencing criteria such as availability of the model software and documentation, and availability of appropriate data. As an applied example, the process was used to find an appropriate model for a project to evaluate water supply and demand under climate and land use change scenarios in the Gorgan‐rud River Basin, Iran. The criteria affecting the final choice of a hydrological model were classified into three categories: (1) criteria related to the model, (2) criteria related to the model user, and (3) criteria related to the study area.
Solitary congenital lip pit in an infant
Authors: Neale Holly , Blundell Andrew R. , Schmidt Birgitta , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLower lip pits are infrequent, affecting fewer than 1 in 75 000 individuals. While more frequently associated with inherited syndromes, isolated lower lip pits may present sporadically as a solitary congenital anomaly. We describe an otherwise healthy 9‐day‐old infant who presented with a congenital lower lip lesion with unremarkable family history and testing. The appropriate workup for a solitary congenital lip nodule, differential diagnosis, and management of lip pits is described.