bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste tea residue adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation for improvement of copper and nickel ions removal from simulated wastewater
Authors: Nizeyimana Jean Claude , Lin Shanshan , Khan Junaid , Yifeng Wu , dongxu Han , Xiangru Liu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present research deals with the removal of copper and nickel ions from synthesized wastewater by using simple, cheap, cost-effective and sustainable activated green waste tea residue (AGWTR) adsorption coupled with electrocoagulation (ADS/EC) process in presence of iron electrode. Considering previous studies, their adsorbents used for treating their wastewaters firstly activate them by applying either chemicals or activating agents. Our adsorbent was prepared without applying neither chemicals nor any activating agents. The operating parameters of both metals were optimized: pH (4.0), hydraulic retention time (HRT = 30 min), adsorbent dose (1 mg.L− 1), initial concentration (20 mg.L− 1) and Fe-Fe electrode was found to be better with compared to the other electrodes with a current density of 1.19 mA/cm2. In the process of ADS/EC, The removal efficiency was obtained as 100% for copper and 99.99% for nickel ions. After the ADS/EC process, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDS analysis were used to characterize the adsorbent green waste tea residue. The results showed seven clear peaks of functional groups that were detected in the range of 1000–4000 cm− 1, the rough-stone-like with various larger holes and higher amounts of carbon containing traces of different elements, respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model results showed that the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order were well-fitted to the adsorption experimental data better than the Freundlich and pseudo-first-order models for both Cu2+ and Ni2+ with their maximum adsorption capacity of 15.6 and 15.9 mg.g− 1, respectively. These indicate that the dominant adsorption occurs in a monolayer of homogeneous adsorbent surfaces on AGWTR and its kinetic mechanism belongs to chemical adsorption. Based on the above results, it is well understood that the use of the ADS coupled with EC technique is the cheapest compared with single ADS and EC technique for heavy metal removal due to remarkable low adsorption dose, energy consumption and also it is a suitable technique for developind countries. Therefore, the AGWTR shows the greatest potential to improve the quality of water contaminated with different heavy metals in the environment.
Spatial Self-Similar Transformation and Novel Line Rogue Wave of the Fokas System
Authors: Zhang Jie-Fang , Jin Mei-Zhen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fokas system is a natural and simple extension of the (2+1)-dimensional Schrödinger equation which can be used to describe optical pulse propagation in the nonlocal optical fibers. We first propose a two-dimensional spatial self-similar transformation of the Fokas system which is translated into the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. And then construct its abundant line rogue waves excitation. It is found that the spatial coherent structure line rogue waves induced by the Akhmediev breathers and Kuznetsov-Ma solitons also have the short life characteristics which possessed for the line rogue waves induced by the Peregrine solitons and other higher-order rogue waves and multi-rogue waves of the (1+1) dimensional standard NLS equations. This is completely different from the evolution characteristics of line soliton structures induced by bright solitons and the multi-solitons, which keeping their shape and amplitude unchanged. The diagram shows the evolution characteristics of the resulting all kinds of line rogue waves. The new excitation mechanism of line rogue waves revealed contributes to the new understanding of the coherent structure of high-dimensional nonlinear wave models.
A Study On The Effect of Different Elicitors On Capsaicin Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Capsicum Assamicum (Bhut Jolokia)
Authors: Nisha Swet , Bora Ajitabh , Gogoi HK , Dwivedi SK , Handique PJ 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Elicitation of cell suspension cultures of Capsicum assamicum (Bhut Jolokia) for enhancement of capsaicin content was tried using different elicitors such as cellulase, vanillin, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and sinapic acid in different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell suspension culture was established in B5 media supplemented with 3.5 mM 2,4-D (2,4-diphenoxyacetic acid) and 1.1 mM Kin and elicitors were introduced at the end of exponential phase. All the elicitors, except methyl jasmonate, led to significant increase in production of capsaicin. Sinapic acid, when added in 22 µM concentration and incubated for 24 hours, led to highest capsaicin accumulation of 0.5% (5068 µg/g) which was highest among all the treatments.
Facilitators and barriers affecting general practitioners’ choice to work in primary care units in Austria
Authors: Burgmann Sarah , Huter Sebastian , Mayerl Hannes , Abuzahra Muna E. , Siebenhofer Andrea 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

General practitioner (GP) workforce shortages are a global threat to primary health care systems. In Austria, nearly 75 % of qualified GPs are not working as contracted GPs within the social health insurance system. This study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers for non-contracted GPs to work in a primary care unit (PCU).
Methods

We conducted twelve semi-structured, problem-focused interviews among purposively sampled non-contracted GPs. To extract categories of facilitators and barriers for working in a PCU, transcribed interviews were inductively coded using qualitative content analysis. These subcategories were then grouped into categories of thematic criteria and mapped on the macro-, meso-, micro-, and individual levels.
Results

We identified 36 factors, including 18 facilitators and 18 barriers. Most facilitators were located on the micro-level, while most barriers were located on the macro-level. Teamwork, which allows focus on professional medical work, shared responsibilities, flexibility in working time and work-life balance, mainly make PCUs attractive as workplaces and correspond with individual demands. By contrast, the absence of a clear vision for reform and insufficient implementation produce general ignorance and resistance. The conditions of contracts with social health insurance providers, including the remuneration system, requirements for PCUs and high workload with little time for individual patient care, are seen as inflexible and discouraging. Combined with insufficient vocational training and the low perceived status of GPs and PHC generally, GPs voiced concerns about being an entrepreneur and businessperson.
Conclusions

Targeted and proactive measures are necessary to attract non-contracted GPs to leave their current individual work-life arrangement and consider working in a PCU, especially considering the higher perceived risks. Multi-faceted efforts are needed to approach factors on all levels. Addressing system barriers should include a reform strategy with a clearly stated mission, defined PHC role, and tangible stakeholder commitment, as well as a modernized remuneration system and supportive measures to equip GPs with essential competences and skills. Proactive communication and exchange could promote the already existing attractive working conditions in PCUs and attract non-contracted GPs into the public sector.
Bioprospecting Studies of Actinomycete Bioactive Compound on Bla CTX-M -Extended -Spectrum Beta- Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Species
Authors: Gururajan Gayathri , Kaliyaperumal Kathireshan , Ramasamy Balagurunathan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Forty one Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Klebsiella species were analyzed for the presence of bla CTX-M genes by Uniplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in which 15 isolates harbored bla CTX-M genes. Transconjugation studies were carried out to demonstrate the transfer of antibiotic resistance using E. coli K12J62-2 (F – rif r lac -) strain among which UTEC31 and UTK2 strains showed successful transconjugation. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of bla CTX-M-15 genes. Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces sp PUT23 was evaluated against CTX-M ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella sp. was determined. The ethyl acetate extract showed inhibitory activity and Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) analysis revealed two fractions, EFI and EF2. Bioautogram of EF2 fraction demonstrated inhibitory activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 156 μg/ml. The EF2 fraction was identified as a flavonoid upon chemical characterization. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces sp. strain PUT23 revealed its close relatedness to S. griseus. This study revealed the rapid spread and dominance of CTX-M producing E. coli and Klebsiella sp. in the suburban community of South Chennai, Tamil Nadu which has to be considered as a serious public health issue. There is an urgent need for newer and effective antimicrobials and bioactive compounds derived from Streptomyces species proved to be a promising and efficient resource. Further characterization and purification of EF2 fraction are needed and could be used in the formulation of new therapeutics against ESBL mediated infections.
Performance of Disc, Conventional and Automatic Screen Filters Under Rainbow Trout Fish Farm Effluent for Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Hasani Abed Mohammad , Nikmehr Saman , Maroufpoor Eisa , Aminpour younes , Bargués Jaume Puig 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the performance of disc, conventional screen, and automatic screen filters when rainbow trout fish effluent is used for irrigation. The experiments were performed in a fish farm, located in the north-west of Iran. The disc and conventional screen filters were tested at pressures of 150 and 300 kPa, and the automatic screen filter at 200 and 300 kPa. The filtration experiments continued until the backwashing was reached. The results showed that (1) the initial head loss of disc and conventional screen filters was 40 kPa, while for the automatic screen filter was 5 kPa. (2) In the disc filter, with increasing working pressure, the filtered volume significantly (P<0.05) increased from 9.7 to 14.5 m3 m-2 (10 kPa)-1, but for conventional and automatic screen filters, it was constant at 5.5 and 7.0 m3 m-2 (10 kPa)-1, respectively, and all of them had significant (P<0.05) differences. (3) In the disc filter, with increasing the working pressure, the filtered volume to reach backwashing significantly (P<0.01) increased from 80.9 to 104.4 m3 m-2, while in the conventional screen filter increased from 14.1 to 16.4 m3 m-2. This volume at two working pressures was 29.5 m3 m-2 for the automatic screen filter. These volumes were significantly different (P<0.01) between filters. (4) The mass retention for the disc, conventional, and automatic screen filters were 28.88, 9.11, and 7.72 g min-1 m-2, respectively and tended to increase at lower working pressures. Based on this index, the difference in the performance of the filters was significant (P<0.01). (5) Overall, the best performance was for the disc filter, and after that was the automatic screen filters, but the period of time to operate for the filters until backwashing time was less than half an hour, which is not applicable under farm conditions.
Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic On Accidental Ingestions In Children: Observational Study
Authors: Sadeq Hussain , Husain Entesar H , Almutawa Farah , Al-Qabandi Wafa’a , AlSaleem Talal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 2020. Several measures have been attempted to contain the spread of the virus including school closures and lockdown. These measures have resulted in children staying at home with potential hazard exposure such as accidental drug or foreign body ingestions. In this study, we want to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related measures on admissions of children with accidental foreign body or drug ingestion. Methods All accidental ingestion admissions to pediatric wards at Al-Amiri hospital during the pandemic from March 2020 till February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. They were compared with admission data from the pre-pandemic period from March 2019 till February 2020. Results There were 90 admission with accidental ingestion during the Pandemic compared to 138 admissions in the pre pandemic period. The mean age of admission during non-COVID-19 period was 3.9 ± 2.6 years, and 4.1 ± 2.9 years during pandemic period. The most common cause of accidental ingestion in children in both periods was medication ingestion. Coin ingestion was the second common cause during the pandemic compared to detergent in the pre-pandemic period. ConclusionsDespite children’s stay at home during COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in hospitalization with accidental ingestion. This emphasizes the significance of family availability and constant observation of children at home as an important safety measure.
Evaluating Treatment strategies for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19: A Propensity Scores Matching Analysis
Authors: Yu Minhao , Cheng Yalin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
We had different understanding of treatment strategies to which we preferred conduct surgery for early-stage patients and delay treatment for late-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients at beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as we learned more about other guidelines, we were not sure whether our strategies have caused adverse results.
Methods
We divided patients hospitalized from September 2019 to February 2020 into experimental and control groups, and evaluated treatment strategies by patients’ prognosis. Propensity scores matching was used to adjust selection bias.
Results
Therapy discontinuation in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P༜0.001). The differences of cancer progression and the number of deaths between the two groups were not significant (P = 0.376, 0.128, respectively). There were significant differences in non-surgical treatment and discontinued therapy for late-stage patients (P༜0.001, ༜0.001, respectively), while the differences of surgical treatment and therapy discontinuance for early-stage patients were not significant (P = 0.243, 0.243, respectively). The cancer progression and death toll differences in both early and late stage between the two groups were not significant (P = 0.608, 0.489, 0.197, 0.197, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed therapy discontinuation did not predicted progress-free survival independently (hazard ratio = 1.007, 95% confidence interval: 0.653–1.552, P = 0.976).
Conclusions
For patients in regions with low risk for COVID-19 infections, surgery should not be delayed for early-stage patients if the hospital has adequate medical resources and strict testing and prevention measures are utilized. Delaying treatment less than three months can not significantly impact the prognosis of late-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Optical Solitons in Bragg Gratings Fibers for The Nonlinear (2+1)-Dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar Equation Using Two Integration Schemes
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , Shohib Reham , Alngar Mohamed E. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The current work handles for the first time, dispersive optical solitons in fiber Bragg gratings for the nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation. Two integration schemes, namely, the modified Kudryashov's approach and the addendum to Kudryashov's methodology are applied. Dark, bright and singular soliton solutions are obtained. Also, combo bright-singular soliton solutions are introduced.
Enhancement Production of Phenolic Compounds in The Cell Suspension Culture of Iberis Amara L.: The Effect of Chitosan Elicitation
Authors: Taghizadeh Marzieh , Nekonan Marzieh Sabagh , Setorki Mahbubeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Iberis amara L. medicinal herb is well-known for having pharmacological values although its use has been challenged by the low levels of secondary metabolites. To address this issue, this study focused on evaluating the effect of explant, photoperiod, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) to find the optimum medium for inducing callus and establishing cell suspension in I. amara, followed by investigating the chitosan effect on some secondary metabolites. From our observations, the optimum condition for induced callus was achieved from the leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media completed with 3 mg L− 1 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) and 1 mgL− 1 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) under 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod. The MS enhanced with 3 mgL− 1BAP, 1 mg L− 1NAA, and 2% (w/v) sucrose appeared to be optimum conditions for suspension establishment. Thus, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of chitosan (200, 100, 50, and 0 mg L− 1) in their exponential growth stage from day 8 to 12 and day 12 to 16 following sub-cultures (T1) and sub-cultures (T2), respectively. The results showed that the 50 mgL− 1 chitosan significantly improved the total phenol, flavonoid, flavonol, and anthocyanin content in the I. amara in a dose-dependent manner. The highest malondialdehyde (MDA) amount, as a result of lipid peroxidation, was observed under the 200 ppm chitosan elicitation. Overall, these novel findings demonstrated the possibility of applying the cell suspension of I. amara treated with chitosan as a helpful approach for improving synthesizing phenolic compounds under controlled and sterile conditions without genetic modifications in medicinal herbs.
Atmosphere-Driven Cold SST Biases Over The Western North Pacific in The GloSea5 Seasonal Forecast System
Authors: Cho Ajin , Song Hajoon , Tak Yong-Jin , Yeh Sang-Wook , An Soon-Il , Lee Sang-Min , Ji Hee-Sook , Hyun Yu-Kyung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The predictability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in seasonal forecast systems is crucial for accurate seasonal predictions. In this study, we evaluate the prediction of SST in the Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5) hindcast with particular interest over the western North Pacific (WNP) in which the SST can modify atmospheric convection and the East Asian weather. GloSea5 has a cold SST bias in the WNP that grows over at least 7 months. The bias originates from the surface heat flux in which the latent heat flux bias shows the biggest contribution. We identify the overestimated cloud in the first few days after initialization that causes insufficient shortwave radiation and negative bias of the surface net heat flux. Uncoupled ocean model experiments infer that the ocean model is unlikely the primary source of the SST bias.
Application of New Techniques of Signal Processing for Detection of Wear Mechanisms in Turning of AISI 4340 Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Maia Luis Henrique Andrade , Abrão Alexandre Mendes , Vasconcelos Wander Luiz , Júnior Jánes Landre , Machado Álisson Rocha , Sales Wisley Falco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) technique was used to determine the wear mechanisms acting on uncoated and AlCrN-coated carbide tools and their variations during the machining process. To this end, tensile tests were performed on hardened AISI 4340 steel to characterize the acoustic emission (AE) signals and subsequently isolate the steel deformation and fracture mechanisms from the signs of tool wear during the steel turning. Machining tests were carried out using the following parameters: cutting speeds of 150, 200 and 250 m/min and feed rates of 0.10 and 0.20 mm/rev. The results demonstrate that AE signals in conjunction with STFT analysis can be used to identify abrasive wear, adhesive wear and other phenomena that occur during cutting.
The Role of Harvesting in Population Control in Presence of Multiple Stochastic Noise Sources
Authors: Mandal Saroj Kumar , Jana Dipak Kumar , Poria Swarup 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we compare the role of constant and Michaelis-Menten type harvesting in single species population control in presence of stochastic noises sources. Steady state probability distributions and stationary potentials of the population for the two types of harvesting are determined by Fokker-Planck equations. Stochastic bifurcation analysis and mean first passage times have been computed. Noise induced critical transitions are observed depending on the strength of the noises. The extinction possibility of population in stochastic control with Michaelis-Menten type harvesting is higher than the constant rate of harvesting. One of the findings is the transition of the population from bistable to tristable for weak noise and Michaelis-Menten type harvesting. Another finding is noise enhanced stability phenomenon for negatively correlated noises. In case of population control, constant rate of harvesting is better in deterministic case whereas Michaelis-Menten type harvesting is better in stochastic case. The stochastic control is more efficient than deterministic control as average population size in stochastic case is lower than the deterministic case. The results obtained in this study can throw light on toxic phytoplankton blooms and its control in marine ecosystem. Moreover, the study can be useful to explain wild prey population outbreak and its control in deep forest.
A Fluorescently-labeled Tumor-specific Peptide for Intraoperative Visualization of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Clinical Study
Authors: Shang Wenting , Peng Li , He Kunshan , Guo Pengyu , Deng Han , Chi Chongwei , Liu Yu , Chen Ziyin , Tian Jie , Xu Wanhai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in humans. Cystoscopy under white light imaging is the gold standard for bladder cancer diagnosis, but these tumors are difficult to visualize and can be overlooked, resulting in high recurrence rates. We previously developed a phage display-derived peptide-based near-infrared imaging probe, PLSWT7-DMI, which binds specifically to bladder cancer cells and is nontoxic to animals. Here, we report the first-in-human application of this probe for near-infrared fluorescence endoscopic detection of bladder cancer. The purity, efficacy, safety, and nontoxicity of the probe were confirmed prior to its clinical application. Twenty-two patients diagnosed with suspected non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were enrolled in the present study. Following intravesical administration of the probe, the entire mucosa was imaged under white and near-infrared imaging using an in-house developed endoscope that could switch between these two modes. The illuminated lesions under near-infrared light were biopsied and sent for histopathological examination. We observed a 5.1-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity in the tumor samples compared to normal tissue, and the probe demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 91.2% and 90%, respectively. Common diagnostic challenges, such as small satellite tumors, carcinoma in situ , and benign suspicious mucosa, were visualized and could be distinguished from cancer. Further, no adverse effects were observed in humans. These first-in-human results indicate that PLSWT7-DMI-based near-infrared fluorescence endoscopy is a safe and effective approach for the improved detection of bladder cancer, and may enable thorough resection to prevent recurrence.