bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Application of a Procalcitonin Monitoring Protocol in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wagner Meghan E. , Hale Cory M. , Ericson Jessica E. , Trout Lindsay C. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker used as an indicator for inflammation and bacterial infections. In October 2018, our PICU implemented a PCT monitoring protocol incorporating cutoffs established in previous studies to help guide antibiotic decision-making in patients undergoing sepsis evaluation. The study objective was to evaluate adherence to the protocol with regard to PCT monitoring and antibiotic use.

METHODS
This retrospective review included PICU patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome ages &gt; 1 month to 18 years with at least 1 PCT level and blood culture obtained during the 9 months following protocol implementation. Patients were excluded if they received &lt; 48 hours of antibiotic therapy, were neutropenic, or had antibiotics initiated at another hospital. Patients were evaluated for protocol adherence, defined as antibiotic continuation or discontinuation per protocol guidance without excess PCT monitoring. Descriptive statistics were employed.

RESULTS
Out of 100 patients evaluated, 50 patients were included. Full adherence was observed in 17 patients (34%). Reasons for non-adherence were excess PCT monitoring (54.5%), antibiotic continuation (30.3%), or both (15.2%). Of patients who were non-adherent due to antibiotic continuation, 61.5% had a positive respiratory viral panel (RVP). A total of 49 excess PCT levels were drawn, resulting in an additional $2,000 in health care costs and $15,000 in patient charges.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the impact of our PCT monitoring protocol was difficult to evaluate due to non-adherence, but it highlights potential areas of focus for improving PCT monitoring and antimicrobial stewardship, such as inclusion of RVP results.
Evaluation of Vaso-occlusive Crisis Management With Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Children With Sickle Cell Disease Requiring Hospitalization
Authors: Arbitre Claire , Pastore Yves , Bailey Benoit , Kleiber Niina , Robitaille Nancy , Villeneuve Edith , Viau Annie , Bergeron Marie-Joelle , Trottier Evelyne D. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review the use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in sickle cell disease (SCD) for pediatric patients with vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in our institution and to compare the effect of early vs late PCA start on pain relief and LOS.

METHODS
This retrospective study included all pediatric patients treated with PCA for a severe VOC from 2010 to 2016. “Early-PCA” was defined as start of PCA within 48 hours of arrival. Time to reach adequate analgesia was defined as the time to reach 2 consecutive pain scores less than 5/10 at 4-hour interval.

RESULTS
During the study period, 46 patients presented 87 episodes of VOC treated with PCA. Sixty-three patients with VOC were treated with Early-PCA and 24 with Late-PCA. Both groups were comparable except for median pain score at admission; the Early-PCA group had higher scores: 9.0/10 vs 7.0/10. Time to reach adequate analgesia could be evaluated only in a subset of patients (n = 32) but was shorter in the Early-PCA group with a median difference of 41.0 hours (95% CI −82.0 to −6.0). Early-PCA was associated with a median reduction in LOS of 3.4 days (95% CI −4.9 to −1.9). There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of side effects and occurrence of acute chest syndrome during hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, a reduced time to reach adequate analgesia and LOS was noted in the Early-PCA group for severe VOC. A prospective study is required to confirm these results.
La Educación Artística, el enfoque pedagógico y el Teatro como asignatura curricular en Argentina según la Ley de Educación Nacional vigente N° 26.206 de 2006
Authors: Torres Sara , Bertoldi María Marcela 
Published: August 2021

En Argentina la Ley Educación Nacional N° 26.206/06 profundiza los debates acerca de los alcances y principios de la Educación Artística y nos proporciona un marco para situarla en los distintos niveles del sistema educativo. En primer lugar, se pretende realizar algunas consideraciones -desde lo macropolítico- acerca de sus lineamientos generales, en los que se plantean tres propósitos educativos centrales: la formación ciudadana, la formación para el mundo del trabajo y la formación en el ámbito de la cultura, haciendo foco en los referidos a la Educación Artística. En segundo lugar, se presenta al Teatro como asignatura curricular y se explicitan tres ejes centrales: los elementos del lenguaje teatral, la producción artístico teatral y la importancia de la contextualización social e histórica de las manifestaciones artísticas. Finalmente, se vincula la concepción del Arte que esta ley considera con el enfoque pedagógico del Teatro como asignatura. Si bien existe consenso en la comunidad académica en relación a la importancia de la Educación Artística en la formación de los alumnos y alumnas, su inclusión en los sistemas educativos reglados es escasa e irregular. Este artículo pone en valor el lugar estratégico del Area Artística que le otorga la reforma de 2006 en Argentina y aporta reflexiones que contribuyen a la vinculación entre pedagogía teatral y reformas educativas.
Mulheres no teatro de bonecos iraniano: entrevista com bonequeiras de três gerações
Authors: Mizahosein Fahime , Cherubini Luiz André , Vargas Sandra 
Published: August 2021

Entrevistas com Marzieh Baroumamand, Zahra Sabri e Fahime Mirzahosein, três destacadas bonequeiras iranianas, de três gerações, que, reconhecidamente, definiram os rumos do Teatro de Animação daquele país, abordando o papel da mulher, contemporaneamente, em uma Arte tradicionalmente masculina, no contexto histórico, social e político daquele país.
Gastro Intestinal Helminths among Hausa-Fulani in Wamakko and Tambuwal Local Government Area of Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Iduh M. U. , Mohammed K. , Isah I. , Ashcroft O. F. , Garba M. K. , Nataala S. U. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Gastro Intestinal Helminths infection is one of the major health burdens in developing countries particularly in Sub -Saharan Africa. It has been estimated to affect about 2.5 billion people globally and 250 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children.
Aims: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of gastro intestinal helminths infections among people of Wamakko and Tambuwal local government area in Sokoto state.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among Hausa- Fulani in wamakko and Tambuwal area in Sokoto, from June 2019 to October 2019.
Methodology: Parasitological examination was carried out on stool samples from 243 participants using microscopy following formal ether concentration methods.
Results: Finding revealed that 29 (12%) were positive for gastro intestinal helminths infections. Males recorded more prevalence (11.9%) than the females (11.8%).
Conclusion: Gastro intestinal helminths parasites continue to remain a serious public health problem in North-western Nigeria. Low level of education, occupational status, and poor water supply seems to be among significant risk factors for these infections. Creating awareness, increase level of sanitation, good water supply and de-worming programme among school children will reduce prevalence and intensity of gastro intestinal helminths parasitic infections in the study area.
Ankle Peak Systolic Flow Velocity (PSV) with Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bhat Archana , Karanth Krishna Kiran , Periera Pradeep 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Ankle peak systolic flow velocity can measure peripheral arterial blood flow which can predict extent of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis is more common in patients with diabetes mellitus and can affect simultaneously coronary circulation and peripheral circulation.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to determine the occurrence of peripheral vascular disease by ankle Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) in patients admitted for coronary artery disease with diabetes mellitus .The secondary objective was to see the association between the ankle Peak Systolic Flow Velocity (PSV) with the extent of abnormality of coronary angiogram in diabetic patients.
Materials and Methods: All patients admitted in the hospital with coronary artery disease with diabetes mellitus in whom coronary angiogram was done were included in the study over a period of one year Presence of significant vessel disease CAD was defined as at least >70 % stenosis at one or more major coronary arteries (left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary artery). Ankle Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) was measured in all patients by the Duplex method. The peak systolic velocities in the distal posterior tibial artery and the distal anterior tibial artery was measured and the average peak systolic velocities within three cardiac cycles6 was recorded by the radiologist. The ankle peak systolic flow above 40cm/s was considered as good flow in the lower limb extremity [7]. The data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 software and mean and standard deviation was used .
Results: Out of the cases studied 24 patients (80%) were males and 6 patients (20%) were females. All the Coronary angiograms was classified to single 13(43.3%), double 8(26.7%) and triple 9 (30%) vessel disease by the cardiologist. Out of the 13 patients with single vessel disease 3 patients had < 40 cm/s flow in the right anterior tibial artery and 10 patients had >40 cm/s flow in the right tibial artery indicating good perfusion.Out of the 8 patients with double vessel disease 4 patients had flow <40 cm/s and 4 patients had flow >40 cm/s. In triple vessel disease category 5 patients had flow <40 cm/s and 4 patients had flow>40cm/s. The p value was 0.2 was not significant and the chi square was 2.79 Similar results were obtained while compared with left ankle peak systolic flow velocity.
Conclusion: In this study patients with single vessel disease have higher ankle peak systolic velocity though statistically not significant. Lower ankle peak systolic flow velocity corroborates with peripheral arterial disease [12] and is seen in patients with coronary artery disease [13].
Participatory research to monitor lake water pollution
Authors: Aronoff Rachel , Dussuet Anna , Erismann Roger , Erismann Shannon , Patiny Luc , Vivar‐Rios Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A participatory research team, concerned about water quality around Lake Geneva, particularly in the Montreux Bay region where some were lifeguards, ran sampling campaigns to determine summertime levels of lake water pollution. The participants were brought together serendipitously through a course organized by academic researchers and ‘biohackers’ from the community laboratory, Hackuarium. After discussion about lifeguards’ gastrointestinal and dermatological ailments each season, the decision to pursue this participatory research project was made. In order to assess water quality, thereby testing the hypothesis that unsuspected pollution enters the lake each summer season, microbiological plating of water samples was proposed.

Volunteers collected and analysed water samples over summer seasons (8 weeks in 2016, 2017 and 2020) from three sites around Montreux Bay, with tap and local river water samples as controls. Contamination of lake water was measured using standard microbiological methods, with growth media allowing quantitative assessment of abundance of several bacterial species. In particular, the focus was to quantify Escherichia coli, the classic bioindicator organism for raw sewage contamination.

These open science data reveal peaks of bioindicator and other bacterial pollution in lake water samples during all sampling years. For the initial two sampling campaigns, increased microbial burdens occurred during a popular music festival, and were not simply dependent upon rainfall. In contrast, only scattered, lower level bioindicator pollution events occurred across the sampling period during the pandemic summer of 2020, when the festival was cancelled.

This study confirms the power of participatory research: dedicated people on a budget can do meaningful environmental monitoring. These analyses suggest that better management, both to support water quality monitoring and for event organization, is essential, as sewage treatment facilities near many popular festivals, internationally, may need to cope with increased wastewater from visitors.
Confirming Prior and Identifying Novel Correlates of Acute Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Arthritis
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Yoshida Kazuki , Huang Weixing , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate previously identified and novel correlates of acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal arthritis among well‐characterized cases.MethodsIn this case–control study, we identified cases of acute CPP crystal arthritis using a validated algorithm (positive predictive value 81%) applied in the Partners HealthCare electronic health record (EHR). Cases were matched to general patient controls on the year of first EHR encounter and index date. Prespecified potential correlates included sex, race, and comorbidities and medications previously associated with CPP deposition/acute CPP crystal arthritis in the literature. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications prescribed in the past 90 days, health care utilization, and multimorbidity score.ResultsWe identified 1,697 cases matched to 6,503 controls. Mean ± SD age was 73.7 ± 11.8 years, 56.7% were female, 80.8% were White, and 10.3% were Black. All prespecified covariates were more common in cases than controls. Osteoarthritis (OR 3.08), male sex (OR 1.35), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 2.09), gout (OR 2.83), proton pump inhibitors (OR 1.94), loop diuretics (OR 1.60), and thiazides (OR 1.46) were significantly associated with acute CPP crystal arthritis after full adjustment. Black race was associated with lower odds for acute CPP crystal arthritis compared to White race (OR 0.47).ConclusionUsing a validated algorithm to identify nearly 1,700 patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, we confirmed important correlates of this acute manifestation of CPP deposition. This is the first study to report higher odds for acute CPP crystal arthritis among males.
A Fabrication Strategy for Reconfigurable Millimeter‐Scale Metamaterials
Authors: McClintock Hayley D. , Doshi Neel , Iniguez‐Rabago Agustin , Weaver James C. , Jafferis Noah T. , Jayaram Kaushik , Wood Robert J. , Overvelde Johannes T. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRather than depending on material composition to primarily dictate performance metrics, metamaterials can leverage geometry to achieve specific properties of interest. For example, reconfigurable metamaterials have enabled programmable shape transformations, tunable mechanical properties, and energy absorption. While several methods exist to fabricate such structures, they often place severe restrictions on manufacturing materials, or require significant manual assembly. Moreover, these arrays are typically composed of unit cells that are either macro‐scale or micro‐scale in dimension. Here, the fabrication gap is bridged, and laminate manufacturing is used to develop a method for designing reconfigurable metamaterials at the millimeter‐scale, that is compatible with a wide range of materials, and that requires minimal manual assembly. In addition to showing the versatility of this fabrication method, how the use of laminate manufacturing affects the behavior of these multi‐component arrays is also characterized. To this end, a numerical model that captures the deformations exhibited by the structures is developed, and an analytic model that predicts the strain of the structure under compressive stress is built. Overall, this approach can be leveraged to develop millimeter‐scale metamaterials for applications that require reconfigurable materials, such as in the design of tunable acoustics, photonic waveguides, and electromagnetic devices.
A Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Antiviral Membrane Inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2 in Minutes
Authors: Liu Qingsheng , Zhang Yidan , Liu Wanjun , Wang Long‐Hai , Choi Young W. , Fulton Megan , Fuchs Stephanie , Shariati Kaavian , Qiao Mingyu , Bernat Victorien , Ma Minglin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that caused the COVID‐19 pandemic, can remain viable and infectious on surfaces for days, posing a potential risk for fomite transmission. Liquid‐based disinfectants, such as chlorine‐based ones, have played an indispensable role in decontaminating surfaces but they do not provide prolonged protection from recontamination. Here a safe, inexpensive, and scalable membrane with covalently immobilized chlorine, large surface area, and fast wetting that exhibits long‐lasting, exceptional killing efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses is reported. The membrane achieves a more than 6 log reduction within several minutes against all five bacterial strains tested, including gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and drug‐resistant ones as well as a clinical bacterial cocktail. The membrane also efficiently deactivated nonenveloped and enveloped viruses in minutes. In particular, a 5.17 log reduction is achieved against SARS‐CoV‐2 after only 10 min of contact with the membrane. This membrane may be used on high‐touch surfaces in healthcare and other public facilities or in air filters and personal protective equipment to provide continuous protection and minimize transmission risks.
Pt–Cu Interaction Induced Construction of Single Pt Sites for Synchronous Electron Capture and Transfer in Photocatalysis
Authors: Su Lina , Wang Pengfei , Wang Junhui , Zhang Dongpeng , Wang Haitao , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui , Gong Jinlong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom photocatalysts have shown their fascinating strengths in enhancing charge transfer dynamics; however, rationally designing coordination sites by metal doping to stabilize isolated atoms is still challenging. Here, a one‐unit‐cell ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) nanosheet with abundant Cu dopants serving as the suitable support to achieve a single atom Pt catalyst (Pt1/Cu–ZIS) is reported, and hence the metal single atom–metal dopant interaction at an atomic level is disclosed. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations highlight the unique stabilizing effect (Pt–Cu interaction) of single Pt atoms in Cu‐doped ZIS, while apparent Pt clusters are observed in pristine ZIS. Specifically, Pt–Cu interaction provides an extra coordination site except three S sites on the surface, which induces a higher diffusion barrier and makes the single atom more stable on the surface. Apart from stabilizing Pt single atoms, Pt–Cu interaction also serves as the efficient channel to transfer electrons from Cu trap states to Pt active sites, thereby enhancing the charge separation and transfer efficiency. Remarkably, the Pt1/Cu–ZIS exhibits a superb activity, giving a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 5.02 mmol g−1 h−1, nearly 49 times higher than that of pristine ZIS.
Anti‐Corrosive and Zn‐Ion‐Regulating Composite Interlayer Enabling Long‐Life Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wang Yaping , Lu Haotian , Zhang Yifang , Fu Chunyan , Usman Ibrahim , Liu Zhexuan , Feng Mingyang , Fang Guozhao , Cao Xinxin , Liang Shuquan , Pan Anqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Zn metal anode is considered one of the most promising anode choices for aqueous Zn‐based batteries. Nevertheless, dendrites and intricate side reactions have hindered its usage. Herein, an elastic and anti‐corrosive interlayer is introduced to address the problem. The idiosyncratic dielectric behavior of amorphous and nanostructured silicon nitride (Si3N4) is utilized to manipulate the ion kinetics, by uniformly dispersing its particles in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate an interlayer attached to Zn metal (PSN‐Zn). PAN serves as an elastic constraint to inhibit drastic dendrite evolution and blocks H2O/O2 corrosion, and Si3N4 with a high dielectric constant can facilitate the ion kinetics and endow uniform Zn deposition. The electrochemical stability and deposition consistency of the Zn anodes are greatly improved, with an extended lifespan of over 800 h at 1 mA cm−2. Even under draconian deep‐discharging (DODZn = 60%) and high current density (10 mA cm−2), the PSN‐Zn anode can still operate stably for over 250 h. The effect of the dielectric property is systematically discussed and verified by experiments and theoretical simulations. Moreover, full cells with vanadium‐ and manganese‐based cathodes also deliver excellent performance, indicating the use of the multifunctional interlayer as an appealing approach for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries.
Manipulation of Magnetic Skyrmion in a 2D van der Waals Heterostructure via Both Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Wenxuan , Zang Jiadong , Li Hang , Zhang Guangbiao , Wang Jianli , Cheng Zhenxiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a promising candidate for the much‐desired low power consumption spintronic devices, 2D magnetic van der Waals material also provides a versatile platform for the design and control of topological spin textures. In this work on WTe2/CrCl3 bilayer van der Waals heterostructures, a complete Néel‐type skyrmion–bimeron–ferromagnet phase transition is demonstrated, accompanied by the evolution of the topological number. This cyclic transition, mediated by a perpendicular magnetic field, is largely driven by the competition between the out‐of‐plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic dipole–dipole interaction. In the presence of a driving current, the Néel‐type skyrmion gains a higher velocity yet larger skyrmion Hall angle, in comparison to the bimeron. By incorporating a ferroelectric CuInP2S6 monolayer as a substrate, writing and erasing of skyrmions may be regulated using a ferroelectric polarization. This work sheds light on a novel approach to the design and control of magnetic skyrmions on 2D van der Waals materials.
Pulverization‐Tolerant CuSe Nanoflakes with High (110) Planar Orientation for High‐Performance Magnesium Storage
Authors: Zhang Yuexing , Zhu Youqi , Wang Zhitao , Peng Hui , Yang Xinyu , Cao Yuehua , Du Changliang , Ma Xilan , Cao Chuanbao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCopper chalcogenides are of great interest as conversion‐type cathode materials due to their large specific capacity for rechargeable magnesium batteries, yet are subjected to severe capacity fading brought about by structure collapse in repetitive charge–discharge cycling. Herein, single‐crystalline and (110) preferentially oriented CuSe nanoflakes are designed via a temperature‐controlled crystal growth route under microwave irradiation. The as‐prepared CuSe nanoflake cathode materials can present high reversible capacity (204 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 current density), outstanding rate capability, and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (≈0.095% capacity decay per cycle at 1 A g−1 within 700 cycles). The multistep reversible conversion mechanism of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials is evidenced by ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Structure evolution investigation suggests that the single‐crystalline CuSe nanoflakes can exhibit relatively durable structural stability. The desirable cycling stability can be ascribed to the excellent pulverization‐tolerance of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials endowed by the multistep reversible conversion mechanism and the single‐crystalline feature. Furthermore, the preferentially‐oriented (110) active plane is favorable for electrochemical reactions to ensure high specific capacity. This work can afford a crystal engineering strategy to fabricate high‐performance conversion‐type electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries.