bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPOCK1 and POSTN are Valuable Prognostic Biomarkers and Correlate with Tumor Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gan Caiqin , Li Mengting , Peng Ganjing , Li Wenjie , Wang Haizhou , Peng Yanan , Hu Qian , Wei Wanhui , Wang Fan , Liu Lan , Zhao Qiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a vital role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to screen valuable prognostic biomarkers in CRC based on stromal and immune scores.Method: We used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of CRC samples in TCGA. Then the CRC samples were divided into high and low score groups based on the median value of the immune and stromal scores. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune score and stromal score were screened. WGCNA and univariate COX regression analysis were performed to further identify key prognostic genes. The prognostic value of key genes was validated based on The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and GSE17536 dataset.TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to analyze the correlations among key genes and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Several pairs of colon cancer tissue were used to be proven.Result: 1314 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes associated with immune score and stromal score were identified, which were significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes and pathways. Among these DEGs, SPOCK1 and POSTN were identified as key prognostic genes. High expression of SPCOK1 and POSTN was associated with advanced clinical stage, T stage, N stage, and poor prognosis of CRC. The results from CIBERSORT and TIMER revealed that SPOCK1 and POSTN were associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially macrophages and neutrophils. Meanwhile, in several pairs of human colorectal tissue samples, SPOK1 and POSTN were found to be significantly overexpressed in colorectal tissue compared with para-cancer tissue, and macrophage surface markers CD68 (co-expressed by M1 and M2 macrophages) and CD206 (M2-specific macrophage expression) were also overexpressed in cancer tissue. Besides, SPOCK1 and POSTN expression were positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints.Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that SPOCK1 and POSTN may be novel prognostic biomarkers in CRC and correlate with immune infiltrates.
Targeted mutagenesis in Nicotiana tabacum ADF gene using shockwave-mediated ribonucleoprotein delivery increases osmotic stress tolerance
Authors: Augustine Sruthy Maria , Cherian Anoop Vadakan , Seiling Kerstin , Fiore Stefano Di , Raven Nicole , Commandeur Ulrich , Schillberg Stefan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
DNA-free genome editing involves the direct introduction of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes into cells, but this strategy has rarely been successful in plants. In the present study, we describe a new technique for the introduction of RNPs into plant cells involving the generation of cavitation bubbles using a pulsed laser. The resulting shockwave achieves the efficient transfection of walled cells in tissue explants by creating transient membrane pores. RNP-containing cells were rapidly identified by fluorescence microscopy, followed by regeneration and the screening of mutant plants by high-resolution melt analysis. We used this technique in Nicotiana tabacum to target the endogenous PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) and ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) genes. Genome-edited plants were produced with an efficiency of 35.2% for PDS and 16.5% for ADF. Further we evaluated the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of ADF mutations in T2 mutant plants under drought and salinity stress. The results suggest that ADF acts as a key regulator of osmotic stress tolerance in plants.
Structural property and risk assessment of loose deposits in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Qin Xinyi , Li Yongtong , Xu Shuo , Yu Ying , Gu Yifan , Shi Baoyou 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Discoloration events caused by loose deposits resuspension in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are the main aspects of customer complaints across the world, but the understanding of the potential risks of loose deposits is insufficient. In this study, loose deposits in real DWDS were collected from regions frequently experiencing ‘yellow water’. Cytotoxicity of healthy human liver cells was used to evaluate the toxicity risks of the particle samples. The results showed that the loose deposits would have a realistic discoloration risk (turbidity &gt; 10 NTU) when their concentrations were higher than 10 mg/L. The water sample containing 1,000 mg/L loose deposits had a dark yellow color (100–300 PCU) and cytotoxicity (viability of human liver cells during cytotoxicity tests 59.18–80.69%), while the water sample containing 1 mg/L loose deposits did not have obvious color (&lt;15 PCU) and cytotoxicity (&gt;97.00%). Particle size showed a stronger correlation with relative viability (r = 0.761) than other properties (specific area, metal content, contact angle, saturation magnetization and electron transfer number). However, it is interesting to note that both turbidity and color had a low correlation with relative viability, thus the toxicity of the particles could not be properly judged using turbidity or color. This study gives an important guidance that although the loose deposits could be visualized during water discoloration, its toxicity risks could not be evaluated through aesthetic indicators.
Hydrophobically modified cotton fabric assisted separation of oil-water mixture
Authors: Bhatt Neha , Mishra Abhilasha , Goswami Rekha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic-superoleophilic fabrics were prepared and evaluated for oil–water mixture separation efficiencies. The nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 based coatings were done on the surface of the cotton fabric to create nanoscale roughness over the surface which was further modified by low energy material 1, 1, 3, 3-Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Particle size and stability of prepared sol were characterized by particle size analysis and zeta potential. Coated cotton fabric samples were characterized by contact angle, contact angle hesteresis and surface free energy for its hydrophobic nature. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coated fabrics were found to be hydrophobic with low surface free energy values. The maximum contact angle was found to be 133° and lowest contact angle hysteresis was 5°. SEM confirmed the appearance of nanoscale surface roughness after coating of sols on cotton fabric. The average particle size and zeta potential values of silica sol was 61 nm and 137 mv whereas for titania sol it was found 344 nm and 200 mv, respectively. The oil–water separation efficiency of coated fabric was also observed by a different oil–water mixture. The coatings were found to be hydrophobic in nature and seem to be very useful for oil–water mixture separation.
Formation and Assessment of Skills of Independent Preparation of Written Works in General
Authors: Vakurova O. A. , Filippova O. A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of research. Today, the informatization of school education has reached a qualitatively new level, schools now have access to fast Internet, modern computer equipment, etc. However, the quality of independent written work of students may significally fall, due to open and free access to fabricated texts (essays, reports, essays), as well as the lack of basic skills of independent work and curiosity among the younger generation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to pose the problem of formation and evaluation of skills for independent preparation of written work in General education, to consider the current state of affairs in this area of primary education, to develop proposals and solutions to this problem.Materials and methods. To solve this problem, the authors of the article have analyzed the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of pedagogy, as well as works on the digital generation and the information society formation in the Russian Federation and legislative acts (Federal law «on education in the Russian Federation» dated 29.12.2012 N 273-FZ, national project «Education», order of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897 «on approval of the Federal state educational standard of basic General education», The procedure for admitting citizens to study in educational programs of primary General, basic General and secondary General education, approved by order of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation of January 22, 2014, No. 32, etc.).Results. The study has revealed the current situation in teaching and explaining the basic skills of independent and creative work of students: the lack of methodological foundations and practice of teaching the basics of academic ethics and academic writing, the lack of automated means of monitoring the independent performance of written works.Conclusion. In the article, the authors provide basic recommendations and suggestions for improving the current situation, such as the introduction of elements of informing the school system about the requirements for independence in the performance of educational work as part of academic ethics, elements of independence control (systems for detecting borrowings in written works), the development of programs for teachers to master the means of controlling the independence of students’ written work.
Snake Eye Appearance; A Rare Radiology Presentation in Acute Flaccid Paralysis: A Case Report
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Saeedi Roghayeh , Pak Neda , Riahi Aina , Ghasemi Saeide 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is defined by the acute onset of weakness or paralysis with reduced muscle tone in children. There are many non-infectious and infectious causes. Snake eye appearance (SEA) is a rare radiologic appearance and helps narrow down differential diagnoses in flaccid paralysis.

Case Presentation:
Here, we reported a 6 months-old girl who was admitted with sudden onset flaccid paralysis. She was lethargic and ill without any detectable deep tendon reflexes. She had a high fever that had started 3 days earlier with malaise, poor feeding and coryza. The first child of the family was a boy who expired with similar symptoms; however, the reason is still unknown. Her parents were relatives (cousins). The laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid tests analysis were normal. The brain MRI analysis revealed T1 dim Hypo intensity and T2 hyperintensity along with obvious ADC map hyperintensity in the brain stem. At first, the PCR tests analysis of stool samples for poliovirus and enterovirus were normal. Spinal MRI showed snake eye appearance and helped us narrow our differential diagnosis. We repeated the PCR tests of stool because of snake eye appearance in cervical MRI that was positive for poliovirus and indicated vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (VAPP). Unfortunately, she expired from vaccine associated poliomyelitis.

Conclusion:
Snake eye appearance is a rare radiologic appearance that can be seen in several pathological conditions; however, it is very rare in patients with acute flaccid paralysis. Radiology signs, especially in spinal cord MRI, can help recognizing abnormalities in images, and narrow the list of differential diagnosis in acute flaccid paralysis. Therefore, spinal cord MRI has an important role in the evaluation of patient with brain stem involvement in acute flaccid paralysis.
Clinical, Radiologic, and Functional Outcomes Following Methotrexate Withdrawal in Etanercept-Treated Patients with Active Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Subanalysis of COMET Year 2 by Week 52 DAS28 Status
Authors: Emery Paul , Breedveld Ferdinand , Campos-Alberto Eduardo , Szumski Annette E. , Hirose Tomohiro 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
This post-hoc analysis explored Methotrexate (MTX) withdrawal on clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis who previously received 52 weeks of Etanercept (ETN) + MTX treatment in the COMET study.

Methods:
Response at week 104 was analyzed based on the attainment of remission (28-joint disease activity score [DAS28] <2.6; Boolean); low disease activity (LDA; 2.6 ≤DAS28 ≤3.2); normal Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score (≤0.5); or radiographic non-progression (change in modified Total Sharp Score ≤0.5).

Results:
Of 208 patients with baseline DAS28 scores at week 52, 105 received ETN + MTX and 103 received ETN over weeks 52-104 (Period 2). At week 104, rates of LDA (70% vs 67%), remission (59% vs 52%), and normal HAQ-DI (63% vs 61%) were similar in both arms; week 52 responders also had a higher response rate at week 104 irrespective of treatment during Period 2. Overall rates of radiographic non-progression were higher for ETN + MTX (90%) vs ETN (74%) at week 104; week 52 non-responders in the Period 2 ETN + MTX arm had a 21-27% higher rate vs ETN, while the treatment difference was 11-12% for week 52 responders.

Conclusion:
The data suggest that for responders to ETN + MTX at week 52, MTX may be safely withdrawn. For non-responders where de-escalation would not be considered, the continuation of the combination is advisable. Radiological outcome was numerically worse, but of uncertain clinical significance.
Peak Activation Shifts in the Sensorimotor Cortex of Chronic Stroke Patients Following Robot-assisted Rehabilitation Therapy
Authors: Astrakas Loukas G. , Li Shasha , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , Pusatere Christian , Moskowitz Michael A. , Tzika A. Aria 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of complex chronic disability and the third leading cause of death worldwide. In recovering stroke patients, peak activation within the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during the performance of a simple motor task has been shown to exhibit an anterior shift in many studies and a posterior shift in other studies.

Objective:
We investigated this discrepancy in chronic stroke patients who completed a robot-assisted rehabilitation therapy program.

Methods:
Eight chronic stroke patients with an intact M1 and 13 Healthy Control (HC) volunteers underwent 300 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans while performing a grip task at different force levels with a robotic device. The patients were trained with the same robotic device over a 10-week intervention period and their progress was evaluated serially with the Fugl-Meyer and Modified Ashworth scales. Repeated measure analyses were used to assess group differences in locations of peak activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SM) and the relationship of such changes with scores on the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM UE) scale.

Results:
Patients moving their stroke-affected hand had proportionally more peak activations in the primary motor area and fewer peak activations in the somatosensory cortex than the healthy controls (P=0.009). They also showed an anterior shift of peak activity on average of 5.3-mm (P<0.001). The shift correlated negatively with FM UE scores (P=0.002).

Conclusion:
A stroke rehabilitation grip task with a robotic device was confirmed to be feasible during fMRI scanning and thus amenable to be used to assess plastic changes in neurological motor activity. Location of peak activity in the SM is a promising clinical neuroimaging index for the evaluation and monitoring of chronic stroke patients.
De politieke participatie aan de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen
Authors: Dewachter Wilfried , Lismont Edith 
Published: July 2021

Municipal elections are not the only channel of participation in the municipal policy nor are they the only participation-problem. But it is nevertheless useful to make research into them because they are the unique institutionalized possibility of participation.This participation-research deals with the different aspects of the municipal elections.The first thing to note is that a number of council-members are pointed out by elections without competition. This phenomenon is not very extended: 373 out of some 2,600 municipalities, 12 % of the council members, 200,000 voters. There is no notable change of size since 1920 in this phenomenon.Compared to the legislative elections, candidatures are very stable and limited : an average of 2,3 candidates per seat. These limited candidatures also mean that in practically half of the cases municipal elections have a two-parties system, by which the electoral corps chose directly the Court of Mayor and Aldermen. But even in municipalities with more than two parties, this «direct choice of the government» is made in 75 % of the cases. In respect of these facts, participation is qualitatively much better than in the case of the parliamentary elections.Forsaking of choice is notably lower at municipal than at parliamentary elections. As to the use of preference-votes, the choice of the municipal electorate is richer than that of the national electorate not only because municipal electors more aften express their preference for individuals, but also and not in the least because, by this more frequent use of preference-votes, they have real participation in the choice of the councilmembers themselves.The possibilities of choice at municipal elections offer an original alternative : to vote beyond party-frontiers with the «mixed vote». This multi-party vote is but seldom used : by 2,5 % of the electorate.And even then those who tlus mixed way lose half of their votingcapacity. Generally seen however, the municipal elections show a more favorable participation-pattern than the legislative ones. This leads to the question if it can be imputed to the voters when something is wrong with municipal politics. Is this problem not-situated on a higher level of the participation-pyramid ?
De parlementsverkiezingen van 7 november 1971 : Grote personeelswisseling maar weinig verandering
Authors: Dewachter Wilfried 
Published: July 2021

La dissolution assez inattendue des Chambres, le 24 septembre 1971 impliquait une promesse d'élection directe du gouvernement. Cette promesse s'est cependant vite volatilisée. Des élections calmes et traditionnelles ont pris le relais, le gouvernement ayant choisi uniquement le moment le moins défavorable pour les partis de la majorité.La composition des listes s'effectue dans un plus grand calme que de coutume et se déroule davantage par le biais de petits comités ou d'assemblées peu nombreuses. Cependant un grand changement de personnel se réalise par le retrait plus au mains forcé de 65 parlementaires sortants; ce chiffre est, d'après la tradition établie depuis plusieurs élections, très élevé.En dehors de Bruxelles la campagne est calme. Une personnification se manifeste de plus en plus, aussi bien en Wallonie qu'en Flandre.En ce qui concerne la personnification, Bruxelles a une longueur d'avance. Le penchant pour l'«argumentation» symbolique est une autre caractéristique de la campagne. On ne s'oppose pas sur les points litigieux, on ne les expose même pas.Les résultats électoraux en W allonie et à Bruxelles diffèrent fondamentalement de ceux de la Flandre. En Wallonie et à Bruxelles de grands changements se font jour : le P.L.P. est le grand perdant tandis que le F.D.F./R.W. sort des élections en grand vainqueur. En Flandre, par contre, il y a peu de changements dans les chiffres globaux, mais de région à région de petits gains et de petites pertes sant enregistrés.Ceux-ci cependant vont dans des sens divers et même souvent radicalement opposés. L'explication de ces changements reste encore à fournir. Une fois de plus, le nombre des votes blanc et non valables à augmenté. La composition de la Chambre des Représentants et du Sénat issue de ces élections ne permet qu'une bipartite entre C.V.P. -P.S.C. et P.S.B. Les trois partis traditionnels possèdent encore numériquement plus des 2/3 des sièges. Certaines complications dans la réorganisation de l'Etat établie par la révision constitutionnelle, se font déjà entrevoir. Et cela n'est qu'un des problèmes que ces élections ont portés à l'attention de l'opinion publique.
Premiers aperçus sur la campagne législative 1974 à la RTB
Authors: Thoveron Gabriel , Geerts Claude , Delmotte Clairette , Deschamps Roger , Nobre-Correia José-Manuel , Thoveron Jacqueline 
Published: July 2021

This paper represents a first approach of the campaign in the frenchspeaking radio and television. A thorough study wilt be done later. You will read here :- the different kinds of electoral programmes;- the topics of the campaign through the questions asked by the audience, the questions selected by the journalists, the topics of the political platforms ;- the critique (the reactions of the press af ter the programmes) ;- the audience (how many people looked at the political programmes and why) ;- the «case François» (a political journalist working for the television became candidate for a political party).
Les élections des conseils provinciaux
Authors: Costard Raymond 
Published: July 2021

The elections for the provincial councils, held on the 10th of March 1974, has shown results that are quite similar to those shown by the parliamentary elections. Traditional parties keep or reinforce their positions, whereas the linguistic parties suffer a setback-clear-cut in the case of the Rassemblement Wallon and the Front Démocratique des Bruxellois, but only limited for the Volksunie, which has a long-standing Flemish-nationalist tradition.
Verkiezingscampagne in radio en TV 28 maart tot 16 april 1977
Authors: Santy Herman 
Published: July 2021

Although in Radio and TV-programmes the dutchspeaking radio and television (BRT) gives much attention to the election campaign, reporters and journalists manage to stick to the status of non agens, conforming the BRT-constitution.There is no difficulty to interview political leaders or ask them for collaboration in one or another programme, during the election campaign. The nearer election-day comes, the more difficult it is to stay neutral.In the radio-programmes one simply avoided to interview political leaders the last weeks before election-day. As for the TV-programmes, one managed to give the campaign with all pro's and con's, the typical detail and the striking events in puredocumentary style.
De personale keuze bij de parlementsverkiezingen van 1 7 april 1977
Authors: Deweerdt Mark 
Published: July 2021

At the general elections, the Belgian voter has the possibility to bring out either a vote for a party (a liste-vote) or a vote for a candidate of the party (a preferential vote) . At the general elections of April 17, 1977 for the House of Representatives the voters have voted for 50,26 % by preference, whereas for the Senate 40,65 % of them have done so.The use of preferential votes is varying from one electoral district to another: from 69,96 % in the district of Oudenaarde to 32,85 % in Bergen. There is also a difference from one political party to another. The highest percentage is obtained by the PW-PLP (liberal party) : 59,51 % ; the lowest by the KPB-PCB (communist party) : 30,14 %. The preferential votes individual candidates obtain differ widely, pointing out not only their popularity but also to a certain extend their political power.