bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International diversification, legitimacy, and corporate social performance of extractive industry multinationals
Authors: Williamson Peter J. , Symeou Pavlos C. , Zyglidopoulos Stelios 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines how different international diversification strategies impact the legitimacy challenges multinationals face and the way they manage their corporate and social responsibilities. Analyzing these questions in a sample of companies in extractive industries, we find that those who pursue resource‐seeking investments that involve locating extraction operations overseas respond with the largest improvement in their corporate‐level social performance (CSP). Those pursuing efficiency‐seeking by establishing processing subsidiaries abroad increase their CSP less, with the smallest increase for those pursuing market‐seeking through marketing and sales operations overseas. For each type of activity established overseas, the increase in CSP becomes greater the more developed the company's home country and the larger its international footprint, but is not dependent on the host country's level of development. These findings suggest that, in today's globalized world, the legitimacy challenges that result from subsidiaries' activities increasingly need to be managed at a global, corporate level.Managerial SummaryThis article investigates the relationships between different international diversification strategies, the different legitimacy challenges they create, and corporate‐level social performance (CSP) responses. For multinationals operating in the extractive industries, we find important legitimacy spillovers from different types of subsidiary activities on the corporation, but these also vary, leading it to respond with differential increases in global CSP. These increases are greatest for resource‐seeking diversification, involving the location of extractive activities abroad, moderate for efficiency‐seeking diversification, involving the location of processing activities and least for market‐seeking diversification, involving the location of marketing and sales activities. For each type of subsidiary activity, we also find that the increases in CSP are larger the more developed the company's home country and the larger its international footprint, but are not dependent on the host country's level of development. We show how these results extend existing theory and draw implications for management practice.
Causal structural covariance network revealing atrophy progression in Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Qing Zhao , Chen Feng , Lu Jiaming , Lv Pin , Li Weiping , Liang Xue , Wang Maoxue , Wang Zhengge , Zhang Xin , Zhang Bing ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe structural covariance network (SCN) has provided a perspective on the large‐scale brain organization impairment in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) continuum. However, the successive structural impairment across brain regions, which may underlie the disrupted SCN in the AD continuum, is not well understood. In the current study, we enrolled 446 subjects with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or normal aging (NA) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The SCN as well as a casual SCN (CaSCN) based on Granger causality analysis were applied to the T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance images of the subjects. Compared with that of the NAs, the SCN was disrupted in the MCI and AD subjects, with the hippocampus and left middle temporal lobe being the most impaired nodes, which is in line with previous studies. In contrast, according to the 194 subjects with records on CSF amyloid and Tau, the CaSCN revealed that during AD progression, the CaSCN was enhanced. Specifically, the hippocampus, thalamus, and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were identified as the core regions in which atrophy originated and could predict atrophy in other brain regions. Taken together, these findings provide a comprehensive view of brain atrophy in the AD continuum and the relationships among the brain atrophy in different regions, which may provide novel insight into the progression of AD.
The first non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthrits with COVID‐19
Authors: Saikali Wassim , Gharib Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCase report of a 21‐year‐old female developing non‐radiographic axialspondyloarthritis in the setting of a preceding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We felt this was a unique case as some cases of psoriatic arthropathy and reactive arthropathy but none, to our knowledge of non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.Case PresentationTwenty one‐year‐old female presented in June 2020 with inflammatory symptoms with general work‐up per primary care provider being negative. Upon further work‐up per Rheumatology, felt to have inflammatory back pain with X‐rays of SI joints showing grade II sclerosis. Further work‐up including magnetic resonance imaging was positive demonstrating bone edema and erosions of SI joint. This prompted further investigation and she had had some vague symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 several months prior including loss of smell, fatigue, and malaise. SARS‐CoV‐2 semiquanitative antibodies where done that where high positive. She was treated with cetrolizumab and had prompt improvement over the course of the next week.Discussion and ConclusionMechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 triggering autoimmunity is still unknown at this time. However, it is important that insights be gained into the type of disease that can be triggered by this infection. As the pandemic continues to rage on, Rheumatologist need to be increasing aware that patients presenting with various forms of inflammatory arthritis may be triggered by an antecedent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Following these cases may help to determine how they differ from other forms of inflammatory arthropathy.
COVID‐19 infection in CVID patients: What we know so far
Authors: Weifenbach Niels , Jung Alisha , Lötters Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), immunological response is compromised. Knowledge about COVID‐19 in CVID patients is sparse. We, here, synthesize current research addressing the level of threat COVID‐19 poses to CVID patients and the best‐known treatments.MethodReview of 14 publications.ResultsThe number of CVID patients with moderate to severe (~29%) and critical infection courses (~10%), and the number of fatal cases (~13%), are increased compared to the general picture of COVID‐19 infection. However, this might be an overestimate. Systematic cohort‐wide studies are lacking, and asymptomatic or mild cases among CVID patients occur that can easily remain unnoticed. Regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy was administered in almost all patients, potentially explaining why the numbers of critical and fatal cases were not higher. In addition, the application of convalescent plasma was demonstrated to have positive effects.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 poses an elevated threat to CVID patients. However, only systematic studies can provide robust information on the extent of this threat. Regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy is beneficial to combat COVID‐19 in CVID patients, and best treatment after infection includes the use of convalescent plasma in addition to common medication.
Group cohesiveness in children free‐play activity: A social network analysis
Authors: Lira Paula , Moretti Christina , Guimarães Danilo , Resende Briseida 
Published: May 2021

Despite the ethnic diversity and presence of Amerindian communities in all Brazilian states, the indigenous population suffers from a long process of invisibility and stereotyping. Aiming to increase interethnic associations, together with Mbya‐Guarani leaders we promoted interventions in which indigenous and non‐indigenous children shared free playtime. We hypothesised that free play activity would stimulate group cohesiveness, mitigating ethnic group avoidance in children's playgroups. Twenty‐one Mbya‐Guarani and 61 non‐indigenous children participated in two “Encounters for Play.” We recorded children's social interactions during the free playtimes. We selected the first and last 10 minutes of each encounter and performed scans every 30s registering spatial proximity (children who were up to 1 m of each other) and play. Then, we applied Social Network Analysis to explore the children's association pattern at the beginning and end of playtime in each encounter. Our results show free play activity was effective in stimulating group cohesiveness. Children' proximity association pattern and playgroup configuration changed between clips, and there was a significant correlation between both categories' associations. We conclude that the encounters have potential applicability as an intervention to mitigate ethnic group avoidance in children.
The Convergence of Struggles! Reusability Assessment of Inner‐Source Components for Product Lines
Authors: Froment Thomas , de Lohéac Guillaume Angier 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTInner source is establishing open source‐like collaborations within an organization. Product Line Engineering (PLE) is the approach for engineering a related product portfolio in an efficient manner, taking advantage of products’ similarities while managing their differences. These two well‐documented approaches propose smart techniques for reuse, but they use different terminology. A language characteristic is to be polysemic and polymorphic. Indeed, PLE and inner source do not use the same words to refer to equivalent concepts. This could badly affect project performance when evolving in a multi‐domain context. What if there was a way to better integrate PLE, inner source, modeling, data management, hardware and software engineering, and integration, verification, validation, and qualification (IVVQ) through the similarity concept?This paper shows it is possible to build a common way to assess the components (also called building blocks) contributing to a product line, thanks to a process to determine the component maturity levels using the similarity approach. After detailing the commonalities between the inner source and PLE domains, we present the Inner Sourcing Process Maturity Level (ISPML) as a key engineering practice. Why is it important for engineering? If engineers reuse components defined by their engineering assets, it is important to have a formalized, common way to do this across the company to integrate reusable multi‐domain assets with a certain confidence level. This paper introduces a simple method for multi‐domain organizations to better determine whether sharing an engineering asset is favorable or not.
Morpho‐taxonomic identification of algal diversity of district Lahore based on light microscopic techniques
Authors: Mukhtar Anser , Jaffer Mehwish , Shaheen Shabnum , Ullah Nadeem , Rehman Shafiq ur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTotal 23 algal species belonging to 14 genera were reported from different sites of district Lahore. They were collected from freshwater of some areas of Lahore city during October 2017 to March 2018. All were taxonomically investigated up to specie level using light microscopy (LM). Following species were identified: Achanthes hungarica (Grunow) Grunow in Cleve et Grunow 1880, Achnanthes minutissima (Kützing) Cleve, Anabaena affinis Lemmermann, Aphanothece endophytica G.M. Smith, Aphanothece nidulans P. Richter, Calothrix fusca (Kützing) Bornet & Flahault, Chroococcus limenticus var. distans G.M. Smith, Chroococcus minor (Kützing) Lemmermann, Cyclotella operculata (C.A. Agardh) Brebisson, Cymbella ehrengbergii Kützing, Cymbella turgida, Lyngbya arboricola Bruhlet Bruh, Lyngbya tylorii Drouet & Strickland, Navicula confervacea (Kützing) Grun. var. confervacea, Navicula knsnesis Meister, Oedogonium behemicum Hirn, Oscillatoria amoena (Kützing) Gomont, Oscillatoria amphibia C. Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle, Pinuularia interrupta W. Smith, Spirulina subsala (Oersted) ex Gomont, Ulothrix aequalis Kützing, Ulothrix tenuissima Kützing.
CD9 inhibition reveals a functional connection of extracellular vesicle secretion with mitophagy in melanoma cells
Authors: Suárez Henar , Andreu Zoraida , Mazzeo Carla , Toribio Víctor , Pérez‐Rivera Aldo Emmanuel , López‐Martín Soraya , García‐Silva Susana , Hurtado Begoña , Morato Esperanza , Peláez Laura , Arribas Egoitz Astigarraga , Tolentino‐Cortez Tarson , Barreda‐Gómez Gabriel , Marina Ana Isabel , Peinado Héctor , Yáñez‐Mó María 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTetraspanins are often used as Extracellular Vesicle (EV) detection markers because of their abundance on these secreted vesicles. However, data on their function on EV biogenesis are controversial and compensatory mechanisms often occur upon gene deletion. To overcome this handicap, we have compared the effects of tetraspanin CD9 gene deletion with those elicited by cytopermeable peptides with blocking properties against tetraspanin CD9. Both CD9 peptide or gene deletion reduced the number of early endosomes. CD9 peptide induced an increase in lysosome numbers, while CD9 deletion augmented the number of MVB and EV secretion, probably because of compensatory CD63 expression upregulation. In vivo, CD9 peptide delayed primary tumour cell growth and reduced metastasis size. These effects on cell proliferation were shown to be concomitant with an impairment in mitochondrial quality control. CD9 KO cells were able to compensate the mitochondrial malfunction by increasing total mitochondrial mass reducing mitophagy. Our data thus provide the first evidence for a functional connection of tetraspanin CD9 with mitophagy in melanoma cells.
Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle‐based liquid biopsy
Authors: Liang Yaxuan , Lehrich Brandon M. , Zheng Siyang , Lu Mengrou 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by many cell types and distributed within various biofluids. EVs have a lipid membrane‐confined structure that allows for carrying unique molecular information originating from their parent cells. The species and quantity of EV cargo molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, may vary largely owing to their parent cell types and the pathophysiologic status. Such heterogeneity in EV populations provides immense challenges to researchers, yet allows for the possibility to prognosticate the pathogenesis of a particular tissue from unique molecular signatures of dispersing EVs within biofluids. However, the inherent nature of EV's small size requires advanced methods for EV purification and evaluation from the complex biofluid. Recently, the interdisciplinary significance of EV research has attracted growing interests, and the EV analytical platforms for their diagnostic prospect have markedly progressed. This review summarizes the recent advances in these EV detection techniques and methods with the intention of translating an EV‐based liquid biopsy into clinical practice. This article aims to present an overview of current EV assessment techniques, with a focus on their progress and limitations, as well as an outlook on the clinical translation of an EV‐based liquid biopsy that may augment current paradigms for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to therapy in a variety of disease settings.
On the infinite Lucchesi–Younger conjecture I
Authors: Gollin J. Pascal , Heuer Karl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA dicut in a directed graph is a cut for which all of its edges are directed to a common side of the cut. A famous theorem of Lucchesi and Younger states that in every finite digraph the least size of an edge set meeting every dicut equals the maximum number of disjoint dicuts in that digraph. In this first paper out of a series of two papers, we conjecture a version of this theorem using a more structural description of this min‐max property for finite dicuts in infinite digraphs. We show that this conjecture can be reduced to countable digraphs where the underlying undirected graph is 2‐connected, and we prove several special cases of the conjecture.
Edge‐colored complete graphs without properly colored even cycles: A full characterization
Authors: Li Ruonan , Broersma Hajo , Yokota Maho , Yoshimoto Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe structure of edge‐colored complete graphs containing no properly colored triangles has been characterized by Gallai back in the 1960s. More recently, Cǎda et al. and Fujita et al. independently determined the structure of edge‐colored complete bipartite graphs containing no properly colored . We characterize the structure of edge‐colored complete graphs containing no properly colored even cycles, or equivalently, without a properly colored or . In particular, we first deal with the simple case of 2‐edge‐colored complete graphs, using a result of Yeo. Next, for , we define four classes of ‐edge‐colored complete graphs without properly colored even cycles and prove that any ‐edge‐colored complete graph without a properly colored even cycle belongs to one of these four classes.
Prediction of High‐Risk Cytogenetic Status in Multiple Myeloma Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Utility of Radiomics and Comparison of Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Liu Jianfang , Zeng Piaoe , Guo Wei , Wang Chunjie , Geng Yayuan , Lang Ning , Yuan Huishu 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundRadiomics has shown promising results in the diagnosis, efficacy, and prognostic assessments of multiple myeloma (MM). However, little evidence exists on the utility of radiomics in predicting a high‐risk cytogenetic (HRC) status in MM.PurposeTo develop and test a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics model for predicting an HRC status in MM patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationEighty‐nine MM patients (HRC [n: 37] and non‐HRC [n: 52]).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T; fast spin‐echo (FSE): T1‐weighted image (T1WI) and fat‐suppression T2WI (FS‐T2WI).AssessmentOverall, 1409 radiomics features were extracted from each volume of interest drawn by radiologists. Three sequential feature selection steps—variance threshold, SelectKBest, and least absolute shrinkage selection operator—were repeated 10 times with 5‐fold cross‐validation. Radiomics models were constructed with the top three frequency features of T1WI/T2WI/two‐sequence MRI (T1WI and FS‐T2WI). Radiomics models, clinical data (age and visually assessed MRI pattern), or radiomics combined with clinical data were used with six classifiers to distinguish between HRC and non‐HRC statuses. Six classifiers used were support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression (LR), decision tree, k‐nearest neighbor, and XGBoost. Model performance was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC) values.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐test, Chi‐squared test, Z test, and DeLong method.ResultsThe LR classifier performed better than the other classifiers based on different data (AUC: 0.65–0.82; P < 0.05). The two‐sequence MRI models performed better than the other data models using different classifiers (AUC: 0.68–0.82; P < 0.05). Thus, the LR two‐sequence model yielded the best performance (AUC: 0.82 ± 0.02; sensitivity: 84.1%; specificity: 68.1%; accuracy: 74.7%; P < 0.05).ConclusionThe LR‐based machine learning method appears superior to other classifier methods for assessing HRC in MM. Radiomics features based on two‐sequence MRI showed good performance in differentiating HRC and non‐HRC statuses in MM.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
FDG‐PET for preoperative evaluation of tumor invasion in ampullary cancer: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Harimoto Norifumi , Araki Kenichiro , Kubo Norio , Igarashi Takamichi , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Ishii Norihiro , Hirai Keitaro , Tanaka Hiroshi , Mochida Yasushi , Kogure Norimichi , Higuchi Tetsuya , Shirabe Ken 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumor invasion is the most significant prognostic factor in ampullary cancer and is thus a crucial factor in decision making for treatment. Endoscopic ultrasound can be performed to evaluate tumor invasion, but its diagnostic accuracy varies depending on the endoscopist. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) for preoperatively predicting tumor invasion in ampullary cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 44 patients with ampullary cancer (adenoma, n = 6; adenocarcinoma, n = 38) who underwent surgical resection. The SUVmax of the ampullary tumor site was assessed using FDG‐PET, and the correlation among tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and other clinicopathological factors was evaluated.ResultsThe SUVmax of the ampullary tumor site gradually increased depending on the extent of tumor invasion (p = 0.0075). Moreover, the SUVmax was significantly different between ≤T1a and ≥T1b, which is an indication for endoscopic papillectomy or surgical resection (p = 0.0015). The SUVmax of the ampullary section was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.035).ConclusionThe SUVmax of the ampullary tumor site is correlated with tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in ampullary cancer. Thus, FDG‐PET can be a useful modality for preoperative staging and treatment strategy.
Success rates in restoring hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media: A systematic review
Authors: Lewis Aaran , Vanaelst Barbara , Hua Håkan , Yoon Choi Byung , Jaramillo Rafael , Kong Kelvin , Ray Jaydip , Thakar Alok , Järbrink Krister , Hol Myrthe K. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of tympanoplasty in treating chronic otitis media‐related hearing loss, published literature was systematically reviewed to determine the clinical success rate of tympanoplasty at restoring hearing in chronic otitis media patients at a minimum follow‐up period of 12‐months.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.MethodsTwo independent reviewers performed literature searches. Publications reporting long‐term (≥12‐month) hearing outcomes and complications data on adult and pediatric patients with chronic otitis media were included and assessed for risk of bias and strength of evidence. To assess how tympanoplasty influences long‐term hearing outcomes, data on pure tone audiometry (air‐bone gap) and complications were extracted and synthesized.ResultsThirty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from 3162 patients indicated that 14.0% of patients encountered postoperative complications. In adult patients, mean weighted air‐bone gap data show closure from 26.5 dB hearing level (HL) (preoperatively) to 16.1 dB HL (postoperatively). In studies that presented combined adult and pediatric data, the mean preoperative air‐bone gap of 26.7 dB HL was closed to 15.4 dB HL. In 1370 patients with synthesizable data, 70.7% of patients had a postoperative air‐bone gap ˂ 20 dB HL at long‐term follow‐up. Finally, subgroup analysis identified that mean improvement in ABG closure for patients with and without cholesteatoma was 10.0 dB HL and 12.4 dB HL, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with chronic otitis media, tympanoplasty successfully closed the air‐bone gap to within 20 dB HL in 7/10 cases and had an overall complication rate of 14.0%.Level of Evidence2a.