bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morpho‐anatomical characterization of Eryngium yuccifolium ('Rattlesnake‐master')
Authors: Raman Vijayasankar , Manfron Jane , Khan Ikhlas Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper provides detailed morpho‐anatomical and histochemical characteristics of the leaves, peduncles, stems, and roots of Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. (Apiaceae) by bright‐field light and scanning electron microscopy. Noteworthy morpho‐anatomical features include the monocot‐like leaves with parallel venation and distant marginal bristles, amphistomatic leaves with paracytic or anisocytic stomata and heterogenous isobilateral mesophyll, the presence of epicuticular wax crystalloids on both leaf surfaces, calcium oxalate druses and secretory canals in all the studied plant parts, presence of hypodermis, stem and peduncle with longitudinal ribs containing collenchyma, presence of aerenchyma in the peduncle and root, and absence of sclerenchyma in all the plant parts analyzed. These characteristics would aid in the taxonomy, species identification as well as quality control of the botanical.
A new definition about the relationship of intercellular fluid in the brain with the mandibular and parotid lymph nodes
Authors: Nur İsmail Hakkı , Keleş Hacı , Ünlükal Nejat , Solmaz Merve , Erdoğan Ender , Pérez William 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study was carried out to reveal the relationship of the brain with both the mandibular lymph node (MLN) and parotid lymph node (PLN) by the hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques of Qdot 800 (QD) nanoparticles using in vivo. This relationship of the brain with both lymph nodes offers the preliminary morphological definition of lymphatic drainage. QD was injected into the left parietal brain lobe of each rat at a depth of 2.50 mm. In 65% of the rats that were imaged in vivo, signals were received first from the right MLN and PLN, and then from the left MLN and PLN. In contrast, in two female rats, the first signal was received from the right PLN. There was no difference between the female and male rats overall. The most noteworthy finding of this study was that the tracer injected into the left parietal lobe reached the right mandibular and parotid lymph nodules earlier. This result indicates a different and unknown pathway in the brain that communicates with the lymph nodes. Moreover, this study shows that these lymph nodes pathways can be used in the treatment of diseases such as brain trauma, cerebral edema, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Leaf structure of Tillandsia species (Tillandsioideae: Bromeliaceae) by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: de Oliveira Rafaelle Souza , de Oliveira Souza Sandra , Aona Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme , Souza Fernanda Vidigal Duarte , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , de Souza Everton Hilo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTillandsia L. is the largest genus of the family Bromeliaceae, containing 755 species and seven subgenera. Morphoanatomical studies of leaves provide useful characteristics to phylogenetic, taxonomic, and ecological analyses. This study aims to characterize and compare the leaves of 24 species of the four subgenera of Tillandsia that occur in Bahia and also perform adaptative inferences to environmental responses. The results of the species' morphoanatomical studies were compared through dissimilarity analysis. The species have rosulate leaves with varying lengths and widths. The peltate trichomes present variation in the indument density and the length of their wing and central disk. The stomata are longitudinally distributed in one or both sides of the limb. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and presents aquiferous and chlorophyllic parenchymas. The vascular bundles are collateral and partially covered by fibers, except for Tillandsia linearis. Based on the dissimilarity analysis, it was possible to identify the formation of five groups. Group G1 was composed of T. linearis, which diverged from the other species of the subgenus. Group G2 was formed by the remaining species of the subgenus Phytarrhiza. G3 and G4 presented the species of the subgenus Diaphoranthema and Tillandsia, respectively. Group G5 gathered 11 species of the subgenus Anoplophytum and presented higher variability than the other subgenera. Based on the results, the morphoanatomical characteristics can be used to characterize and group Tillandsia species, besides confirming the morphological variability of these species to the epiphyte habit in different environments, especially xeric ones.
The wind regime over the Brazilian Southeast: Spatial and temporal characterization using multivariate analysis
Authors: Correia Filho Washington Luiz Félix , Souza Pedro Henrique de Almeida , Oliveira‐Júnior José Francisco de , Santiago Dimas de Barros , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Zeri Marcelo , Cunha‐Zeri Gisleine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of wind is essential to several sectors, including energy, urban climate, and applied meteorology. However, few studies describe the regional characteristics of the wind regime over the Brazilian Southeast (SEB), the most developed and populated part of the country. The objectives of the current work were (a) to assess the spatial patterns of the wind regime using cluster analysis (CA) and (b) to apply principal components analysis (PCA) to investigate which meteorological systems influence the spatial and temporal patterns of the wind regime. The dataset consisted of wind speed and direction from 70 automatic weather stations with records from 2008 to 2019. According to the CA method, four groups of homogeneous wind speed (G1–G4) were identified; G4 presented the highest magnitudes of wind speed (wind speed >5 m·s−1, with maxima of 7.2 m·s−1). Seasonal well‐defined minima (March–June) and maxima (July–October) were observed only for G2 and G3. The systems South Atlantic Subtropical Anticyclone (SASA), Frontal Systems (FS), and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) influenced these groups. In addition, the mesoscale meteorological systems likely influence other groups such as breezes from land/sea (G1, G3, and G4), lakes (G2 and G3), and valley/mountain (G2 and G3). The topography had a strong influence on G3, mainly due to the mountain ranges of Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar and Paraíba River valley. Dominant wind directions were E, N/NE, and NW, associated with SASA, in addition to S and SE/SW, influenced by FS and SACZ. The wind speed range of 1.4–3.9 m·s−1 was dominant in all groups, except for G4 (range of 2.4–5.5 m·s−1). According to PCA analysis, two PCs are enough to explain the wind pattern in the SEB with 69.9% of the total variance explained. The surface roughness accounted for 29% of the total variance explained in PC1. The latitude (37.6%) and distance to the coast (30.8%) are the most important variables for PC2. Region's physiography and meteorological systems strongly influenced the wind regime over the Brazilian Southeast. The assessment of wind regime variability presented in this work is expected to support public policies on renewable energy applications, air pollution, and climate change mitigation.
RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating fizzy‐related‐1 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhai Chun‐Tao , Tian Yi‐Cheng , Tang Zu‐Xiong , Shao Long‐Jiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of NSUN2 (NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase Family Member 2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of NSUN2 and FZR1 were measured. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. HCC xenograft in nude mouse model was established. Tumor weight and volume were examined. Tumor tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). TCGA database analysis and clinical sample testing suggested that the transcript levels of NSUN2 and FZR1 were increased in HCC tissues. NSUN2 knockdown inhibited HCC cell viability and proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of NSUN2 could be countered by overexpressing FZR1. In animal experiment, NSUN2 silencing suppressed tumor growth in nude mice by downregulating FZR1. In conclusion, NSUN2 has a regulatory effect on HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. NSUN2 knockout could inhibit cellular processes in HCC and tumor growth, likely via FZR1 inhibition. This finding has not only revealed the role of NSUN2 in HCC growth, but also suggests a promising target for HCC treatment.
JMJD5 attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion‐induced injury in cardiomyocytes through regulation of HIF‐1α‐BNIP3
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Nan , Pang Ya‐Xiang , Liu Da‐Wei , Hu Hai‐Juan , Xie Rui‐Qin , Cui Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProteins in Jumonji family function as histone demethylases and participate in cardiac development. Jumonji domain containing 5 (JMJD5) is responsible for the embryonic development through removing methyl moieties from H3K36me2 histone, and has pro‐proliferative effect on heart and eye development. However, the protective role of JMJD5 against oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)‐induced injury in cardiomyocytes has not been fully understood. Firstly, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model was established by ligation of left coronary artery. OGD/R was performed in non‐transfected H9C2 or H9C2 transfected with pcDNA‐JMJD5 plasmid to induce cell cytotoxicity. Data from qRT‐PCR and western blot showed that JMJD5 was reduced in the heart tissues of myocardial I/R rat model and OGD/R‐induced H9C2. Secondly, JMJD5 over‐expression attenuated OGD/R‐induced decrease in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase secretion and cell apoptosis in H9C2. Mitophagy was promoted by pcDNA‐mediated over‐expression of JMJD5 with enhanced protein expression of LC3‐I, LC3‐II, Atg5, and Beclin 1. Thirdly, knockdown of JMJD5 aggravated OGD/R‐induced decrease in hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), whereas JMJD5 over‐expression enhanced BNIP3 (Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19‐kDa interacting protein) through upregulation of HIF‐1α. Lastly, BNIP3 silencing promoted cell apoptosis, suppressed mitophagy, and attenuated the protective effects of JMJD5 over‐expression against OGD/R‐induced injury in H9C2. In conclusion, JMJD5 exerted protective effects against OGD/R‐induced injury in cardiomyocytes through upregulation of HIF‐1α‐BNIP3.
Quantifying Upper Aerodigestive Sequelae in Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Neonates
Authors: Patterson Kelli , Beyene Tariku J. , Asti Lindsey , Althubaiti Abdulrahman , Lind Meredith , Pattisapu Prasanth 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesWe examined rates of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) procedures in a multi‐institutional cohort of neonates with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) to estimate secondary UADT pathology.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using a previously‐validated population of patients with EA/TEF within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between 2007 and 2015. ICD‐9/10‐CM codes for aerodigestive procedures were examined from 2007 to 2020: 1) diagnostic direct laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy (DLB), 2) DLB with intervention, 3) tracheostomy, 4) gastrostomy, 5) fundoplication, 6) aortopexy, 7) laryngotracheoplasty, and 8) esophageal dilation. Associations between procedures and demographics, length of gestation, and weight were estimated using generalized linear mixed models.ResultsWe identified 2,509 patients with EA/TEF from 47 hospitals, 56.7% male and 43.3% female. Median length of stay for the first admission was 24 days (interquartile range: 12–55). Of these patients, 1,943 (77.4%) had at least one aerodigestive procedure within 14 admissions. Specifically, 1,635 (65.2%) underwent diagnostic DLB, 85 (3.4%) DLB with intervention, 167 (6.7%) tracheostomy, 1,043 (41.2%) gastrostomy, 211 (11.0%) fundoplication, 52 (2.1%) aortopexy, 161 (6.4%) laryngotracheoplasty, and 207 (8.3%) esophageal dilation. Preterm gestation increased odds of tracheostomy (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.7), gastrostomy (OR 2.1, CI 1.7–2.7), fundoplication (OR 1.7, CI 1.1–2.4), aortopexy (OR 5.8, CI 2.1–16.1), and esophageal dilation (OR 2.0, CI 1.4–3.0). Very low birth weight (<1,500 g) increased odds of gastrostomy (OR 2.5, CI 1.6–3.8).ConclusionPatients with EA/TEF frequently have aerodigestive sequelae. This work helps quantify aerodigestive needs in neonates with EA/TEF, suggesting early otolaryngology evaluation in their care.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:695–700, 2022
Three‐step irradiance schedule versus two‐step irradiance schedule for pain control during topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐photodynamic therapy of facial acne in Chinese patients: A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Wu Hai‐En , Liu Yong‐Bin , Cui Liang , Xu Gui‐Juan , Sun Xiao‐Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundA two‐step irradiance schedule has been found to be useful for pain control during photodynamic therapy (PDT) on nonmelanotic skin cancer and condyloma acuminatum.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a new three‐step irradiance schedule derived from the psychological “peak‐end rule” and two‐step irradiance schedule in relieving pain during 5‐aminolevulinic acid PDT (ALA‐PDT) on acne.MethodsA total of 90 moderate to severe acne patients were enrolled in our study and randomly divided into two groups with a ratio of 1:1. They were treated by a light‐emitting diode light source of 633 ± 10 nm after being incubated with 5% ALA for an hour using a two‐step or three‐step irradiance schedule, respectively. The total irradiance intensity was 84 J/cm2 of each session and the treatment interval was 2 weeks. Pain was recorded 30 min after each PDT using a visual analog scale (VAS). Follow‐up was done at baseline and 2 weeks after each treatment. The numbers of lesions were counted after the third treatment through the pictures taken before and all the side effects were recorded at each follow‐up visit.ResultsEighty‐seven subjects completed the total three treatments (44 cases in Group A and 43 cases in Group B). The average VAS of Group B (1.61 ± 0.67) was significantly lower than that of Group A (3.14 ± 0.67), with a difference of 1.52 ± 0.08 (p < 0.0001) between them. Both groups received a similar effective rate after the total three sessions (88.64% vs. 88.37%, p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe new three‐step irradiance method could relieve pain during ALA‐PDT more significantly than the two‐step schedule with a similar effective rate.
Caught out! The role of customer emotional intelligence and dual thinking processes in perceptions of frontline service employees' inauthentic positive displays
Authors: Wang Karyn L. , Nguyen Helena , Johnson Anya , Groth Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrontline service employees often feign positive displays during customer interactions to enhance service outcomes, but to what extent are customers aware of these inauthentic positive displays? The perception of inauthenticity involves a series of complex judgments, however, the influence of customers' different thinking processes on these judgments and the role of customer individual differences in emotional intelligence are seldom investigated. This article investigates how customer emotional intelligence influences the processing of frontline employees' inauthentic positive displays. Across three experimental studies, we find that experiential processes combine with high emotional intelligence to predict more accurate perceptions of frontline employees' inauthentic positive displays (Study 1). In contrast, rational processes interact with low emotional intelligence to predict less accurate perceptions (Study 2). We also find that high emotional intelligence and high dual thinking processes (both experiential and rational) predict more accurate perceptions of frontline employees' inauthentic positive displays (Study 3). These results extend knowledge of the important role of customers in detecting the frontline employee's inauthentic displays. Our findings have important practical implications for service settings where there are strong expectations for frontline employees to provide “service with a smile.”
Pectins that Structurally Differ in the Distribution of Methyl‐Esters Attenuate Citrobacter rodentium‐Induced Colitis
Authors: Beukema Martin , Akkerman Renate , Jermendi Éva , Koster Taco , Laskewitz Anne , Kong Chunli , Schols Henk A. , Faas Marijke M. , de Vos Paul 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionPectins have anti‐inflammatory properties on intestinal immunity through direct interactions on Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in the small intestine or via stimulating microbiota‐dependent effects in the large intestine. Both the degree of methyl‐esterification (DM) and the distribution of methyl‐esters (degree of blockiness; DB) of pectins contribute to this influence on immunity, but whether and how the DB impacts immunity through microbiota‐dependent effects in the large intestine is unknown. Therefore, this study tests pectins that structurally differ in DB in a mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium induced colitis and studies the impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and associated attenuation of inflammation.Methods and ResultsBoth low and high DB pectins induce a more rich and diverse microbiota composition. These pectins also lower the bacterial load of C. rodentium in cecal digesta. Through these effects, both low and high DB pectins attenuate C. rodentium induced colitis resulting in reduced intestinal damage, reduced numbers of Th1‐cells, which are increased in case of C. rodentium induced colitis, and reduced levels of GATA3+ Tregs, which are related to tissue inflammation.ConclusionPectins prevent C. rodentium induced colonic inflammation by lowering the C. rodentium load in the caecum independently of the DB.
Improving digital charge sharing compensation in photon counting detectors with a low‐threshold comparator
Authors: Hsieh Scott Sigao , Iniewski Kris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeCharge sharing is a major non‐ideality in photon counting detectors (PCDs) and can increase variance in material decomposition images. Analog charge summing (ACS) is an effective mechanism for charge sharing compensation (CSC), but is complex to implement and may limit the maximum count rate of the PCD. Digital CSC mechanisms such as digital count summing (DCS) may be simpler to implement; however, earlier simulation studies suggest that digital CSC only provides half the benefit of ACS. We propose including an additional low‐threshold comparator (LTC) underneath the noise floor of the PCD to improve the effectiveness of digital CSC.MethodsWe simulated a PCD with four or eight equally spaced energy bins. X‐ray photons arrived on the PCD following a Poisson distribution, and charge was allocated to PCD pixels following Monte Carlo techniques. Gaussian electronic noise was added with standard deviation of 2 keV and the signals were processed with four CSC schemes: no CSC, ACS, DCS, and DCS with LTC. The energy bins were placed from 25 to 100 keV at 25 keV intervals (for four bins) or from 25 to 112.5 keV at 12.5 keV intervals (for eight bins), and the LTC threshold was placed at 8 keV in both cases. The binned counts were transformed into estimates of water and iodine material thickness using a linear estimator that was fitted to the data. Our simulations were performed in the low‐flux limit without any pileup, assuming a 120 kVp spectrum, 25 cm water object, and 0.3 mm PCD pixel size.ResultsAll CSC schemes decreased variance in basis material decomposition. In the four‐bin PCD, the relative dose efficiencies (inverse of the variance) for iodine material decomposition were 1.0, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.3 for a PCD without CSC, DCS without LTC, DCS with LTC, and ACS, respectively. In the eight‐bin PCD, the relative dose efficiencies were 1.1, 2.5, 3.1, and 4.8, respectively. In a sensitivity analysis, electronic noise had a stronger deleterious effect on ACS than DCS. In simulated visual images, DCS and ACS improved high frequency contrast in material decomposition images.ConclusionsIntroducing an LTC may reduce the performance differential between DCS and ACS. These findings have been derived from simulation studies only and have not been validated experimentally.
Automatic breast lesion detection in ultrafast DCE‐MRI using deep learning
Authors: Ayatollahi Fazael , Shokouhi Shahriar B. , Mann Ritse M. , Teuwen Jonas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeWe propose a deep learning‐based computer‐aided detection (CADe) method to detect breast lesions in ultrafast DCE‐MRI sequences. This method uses both the 3D spatial information and temporal information obtained from the early‐phase of the dynamic acquisition.MethodsThe proposed CADe method, based on a modified 3D RetinaNet model, operates on ultrafast T1 weighted sequences, which are preprocessed for motion compensation, temporal normalization, and are cropped before passing into the model. The model is optimized to enable the detection of relatively small breast lesions in a screening setting, focusing on detection of lesions that are harder to differentiate from confounding structures inside the breast.ResultsThe method was developed based on a dataset consisting of 489 ultrafast MRI studies obtained from 462 patients containing a total of 572 lesions (365 malignant, 207 benign) and achieved a detection rate, sensitivity, and detection rate of benign lesions of 0.90 (0.876–0.934), 0.95 (0.934–0.980), and 0.81 (0.751–0.871) at four false positives per normal breast with 10‐fold cross‐testing, respectively.ConclusionsThe deep learning architecture used for the proposed CADe application can efficiently detect benign and malignant lesions on ultrafast DCE‐MRI. Furthermore, utilizing the less visible hard‐to‐detect lesions in training improves the learning process and, subsequently, detection of malignant breast lesions.
Price and revenue bounds for bundles of information goods
Authors: Banciu Mihai , Ødegaard Fredrik , Stanciu Alia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the behavior of the expected revenue function generated from selling bundles with arbitrarily many components. A motivating example of such bundles includes the production and delivery of digital content, where variable costs are generally negligible. Specifically, we derive generic lower and upper bounds for the expected revenue function even when accounting for arbitrary, potentially complex, dependence structures among the bundle components. The expected revenue bounds in turn provide upper and lower bounds regarding the optimal pure bundle price. Our results reconcile the extant bundling literature involving expected revenue bounds, while sharpening some of these results even when relaxing the traditional assumption of independence among the valuations for the bundle components. We show how these bounds can be further tightened when the seller has additional information about the dependence relationship. Since these results effectively reduce the search space for the optimal bundle price, the pricing bounds provided by our framework have important managerial implications.