bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal Detection to Measure Allostatic Load
Authors: Howard Douglas C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo illustrate a means to calculate allostatic load in hospitalized patients using big data from the electronic medical record (EMR).Organizing ConstructTo describe the development of the Troubled Outcome Risk (TOR) scale using signal detection in big data.MethodsUsing both retrospective and prospective observational studies, I describe a mechanism to determine meaning from retrospective data then use the results to improve nursing surveillance to reduce length of stay (LOS) and nursing sensitive indicators on an inpatient medical surgical unit.FindingsResults from the retrospective study contained over 290,000 individual data points and established an interpretation standard for the TOR score using an algorithm to detect signals. The prospective observational study used the TOR scale and developed an interpretation standard to assist unit charge nurses in assigning staff to patients based on a fully objective measure of patient allostatic load.ConclusionsThe TOR scale in conjunction with existing nurse staffing methodology reduced inpatient LOS by 0.3 days, reduced allostatic load as measured by the TOR scale, and changed staffing patterns from purely geographic to patient‐need based.Clinical RelevanceThe TOR scale demonstrates that careful evidence‐based criteria can be easily gathered from the EMR and used to positively impact nursing practice and patient outcomes.
Novel bioactive formulation derived from the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stromal cells reduces under‐eye dark circles in human volunteers
Authors: Bhat Samatha , Amirthalingam Muthukumar , Ballambat Sathish Pai , Bhupasandra Vasudev Meghana , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Padya Bharath Singh , Mutalik Srinivas , Seetharam Raviraja N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnder‐eye dark circles are a common condition observed in dermatology practice. Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) contains an array of growth factors and cytokines reported to promote periorbital rejuvenation and may be useful in removing the dark circle around the eyes.AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of developed bioactive formulation containing mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived conditioned medium in reducing the under‐eye dark circles.Patients/MethodsWe tested the safety profile of MSC‐CM along with antioxidants, in vitro using human melanocytes cultures. The bioactive formulation containing MSC‐CM was developed and tested for physicochemical parameters. The dermatological safety was evaluated by primary irritant patch‐test under complete occlusion on healthy human subjects. To elucidate its safety and efficacy, monocentric, open‐label, single‐arm study was carried out in 20 Indian female subjects for the duration of 12 weeks. Parameters such as eye puffiness, radiance, skin smoothness, even skin tone, periorbital fine lines and wrinkles, crow's feet, whitening, pigmentation, skin tightening, and refreshing/soothing effect were used to investigate the rejuvenating property of the bioactive formulation.ResultsMesenchymal stromal cell‐derived conditioned medium along with antioxidants decreased the melanin content compared to the CM alone in the melanocyte cultures. Besides, the bioactive formulation was safe and emerged as a non‐irritant product. Improvement in the majority of the clinical parameters assessed through efficacy study was observed within 4 weeks of topical application of the formulation twice daily, and showed continued improvement for 12 weeks as evaluated by the dermatologists as well as self‐assessment by the subjects.ConclusionThe bioactive formulation containing MSC‐CM was safe and effective in reducing the under‐eye dark circles and was beneficial in improving the overall appearance of the eye area.
Sentiment Trading and Hedge Fund Returns
Authors: CHEN YONG , HAN BING , PAN JING 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn the presence of sentiment fluctuations, arbitrageurs may engage in different strategies leading to dispersed sentiment exposures. We find that hedge funds in the top decile ranked by sentiment beta outperform those in the bottom decile by 0.59% per month on a risk‐adjusted basis, with the spread being larger among skilled funds. We also find that about 10% of hedge funds have sentiment timing skill that positively correlates with fund sentiment beta and contributes to fund performance. Our findings show that skilled hedge funds can earn high returns by predicting and exploiting sentiment changes rather than betting against mispricing.
Agency, communion, and pubertal status: Separating between‐ and within‐person associations to examine social goals development
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Paul Matthew J. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesAgentic (status/independence) and communal (acceptance/connectedness) social goals are thought to shape how adolescents transact with their social environments. Despite their theoretical importance, little work has focused on the development of these higher order personality dimensions. Informed by developmental neuroscience and evolutionary psychology theoretical frameworks, the current study examined associations between pubertal status, a person's level of pubertal development at a single point in time, and agentic and communal social goals across early to middle adolescence.MethodsThis longitudinal study consisted of 387 (55% female) adolescents (Wave 1 M age = 12.1) who were assessed annually across three waves. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine growth in pubertal status and agentic and communal goals and to distinguish between‐ and within‐person associations between pubertal status and social goals.ResultsWithin‐person pubertal status was concurrently associated with higher levels of agentic and communal goals. In the cross‐sectional and longitudinal models, between‐person pubertal status was associated with higher levels of agentic social goals. No support was found for social goals prospectively predicting pubertal status.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the hypothesis that puberty, in part, may drive developmental shifts in the value adolescents place on close peer relationships and obtaining status and independence.
The intensity of COVID‐19 nonpharmaceutical interventions and labor market outcomes in the public sector
Authors: Marcén Miriam , Morales Marina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether the intensity of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has differentially impacted the public sector labor market outcomes. This extends the analysis of the already documented negative economic consequences of COVID‐19 and their dissimilarities with a typical economic crisis. To capture the intensity of the NPIs, we build a novel index (COVINDEX) using daily information on NPIs merged with state‐level data on out‐of‐home mobility (Google data). We show that among individuals living in a typical state, NPI enforcement during COVID‐19 reduces the likelihood of being employed (at work) by 5% with respect to the pre‐COVID period and the hours worked by 1.3% using data on labor market outcomes from the monthly Current Population Survey and difference‐in‐difference models. This is a sizable amount representing the sector with the higher job security during the pandemic. Public sector workers in a typical state are 4 percentage points more likely to be at work than salaried workers in the private sector and 7 percentage points more likely to be at work than self‐employed workers (the worst so far). Our results are robust to the endogeneity of the NPI measures and present empirical evidence of heterogeneity in response to the NPIs, with those in local employment being the hardest hit.
Competition and the risk of bank failure: Breaking with the representative borrower assumption
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Rodolphe , Modesto Leonor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine the relation between intensity of competition in the loan market and risk of bank failure, in a model with adverse selection. As well established, the presence of the two opposite margin and risk‐shifting effects creates conditions for nonmonotonicity: the conventional competition‐fragility view may be challenged at high interest rates. These rates may however be too high to be compatible with oligopolistic equilibrium conditions. The challenging competition‐stability view has been argued in terms of a representative borrower managing the profitability‐safeness trade‐off under moral hazard. However, the representative borrower assumption is not innocuous, playing down by construction the margin effect. The paper considers the adverse selection situation where that trade‐off is managed by banks facing heterogeneous borrowers, and shows analytically, in the case of a trapezoidal distribution of idiosyncratic and systemic risk factors, that the conventional view is always valid.
Examining the Relationship between Depression and the Progression of Burnout Among Japanese Athletes1,2
Authors: Amemiya Rei , Sakairi Yosuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was an examination of the longitudinal relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms among Japanese athletes at three time periods. The participants were 143 university athletes (89 males, 54 females, mean age = 19.83 years, SD = 1.03 years) who completed the Burnout Scale for University Athletes (BOSA) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K‐10) at three time periods. The results indicated that among the number of athletes with moderate to severe depressive symptoms, approximately 28–35% of the athletes had moderate and 4.2–10.5% had severe depressive symptoms for about 6 months. Furthermore, cross‐lagged modeling showed that both interpersonal and emotional exhaustion toward athletic practice predicted a future lack of personal accomplishment and devaluation among athletes, varying slightly depending on time. Interpersonal exhaustion was the main burnout symptom that predicted future depressive symptoms among athletes. In addition, research suggested that the relationship between each burnout symptom and depression may be affected by the season. Therefore, selecting adequate methods of intervention based on the type of symptoms and the season might be necessary to prevent burnout in athletes.
CcPmk1 is a regulator of pathogenicity in Cytospora chrysosperma and can be used as a potential target for disease control
Authors: Xiong Dianguang , Yu Lu , Shan Huimin , Tian Chengming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFus3/Kss1, also known as Pmk1 in several pathogenic fungi, is a component of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway that functions as a regulator in fungal development, stress response, mating, and pathogenicity. Cytospora chrysosperma, a notorious woody plant‐pathogenic fungus, causes canker disease in many species, and its Pmk1 homolog, CcPmk1, is required for fungal development and pathogenicity. However, the global regulation network of CcPmk1 is still unclear. In this study, we compared transcriptional analysis between a CcPmk1 deletion mutant and the wild type during the simulated infection process. A subset of transcription factor genes and putative effector genes were significantly down‐regulated in the CcPmk1 deletion mutant, which might be important for fungal pathogenicity. Additionally, many tandem genes were found to be regulated by CcPmk1. Eleven out of 68 core secondary metabolism biosynthesis genes and several gene clusters were significantly down‐regulated in the CcPmk1 deletion mutant. GO annotation of down‐regulated genes showed that the ribosome biosynthesis‐related processes were over‐represented in the CcPmk1 deletion mutant. Comparison of the CcPmk1‐regulated genes with the Pmk1‐regulated genes from Magnaporthe oryzae revealed only a few overlapping regulated genes in both CcPmk1 and Pmk1, while the enrichment GO terms in the ribosome biosynthesis‐related processes were also found. Subsequently, we calculated that in vitro feeding artificial small interference RNAs of CcPmk1 could silence the target gene, resulting in inhibited fungal growth. Furthermore, silencing of BcPmk1 in Botrytis cinerea with conserved CcPmk1 and BcPmk1 fragments could significantly compromise fungal virulence using the virus‐induced gene silencing system in Nicotiana benthamiana. These results suggest that CcPmk1 functions as a regulator of pathogenicity and can potentially be designed as a target for broad‐spectrum disease control, but unintended effects on nonpathogenic fungi need to be avoided.
Frequency of occurrence, seasonal variation and antifungal susceptibility of opportunistic Mucorales isolated from hospital soils in Iran
Authors: Vaezi Afsane , Walther Grit , Kurzai Oliver , Mahdi Diman , Dadashzadeh Mina , Nasri Elahe , Diba Kambiz , Badali Hamid , Fakhim Hamed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMucorales are opportunistic pathogens that can cause life‐threatening diseases predominantly in immunocompromised patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the frequency, seasonal variation and antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic Mucorales in the soil collected from seven hospitals in Urmia, Iran, between November 2017 and July 2018 in four different seasons.MethodsMucorales isolates obtained from soil were characterised based on conventional and molecular assays. In addition, in vitro antifungal susceptibility was performed using the CLSI M38Ed3 procedure.ResultsOut of 196 tested soil samples, 80 (40.8%) samples were positive for mucoralean fungi. Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus (n = 47) was the most frequent species followed by Mucor circinelloides (n = 21) and Cunninghamella echinulata (n = 6). A seasonal variation in the frequency of Mucorales in soil was detected with a maximum of culture‐positive soil samples detected in wet autumn (43.2%) followed by winter (23.4%), summer (19.7%) and spring (13.6%). In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing for 80 environmental isolates exhibited MIC of ≤2 μg/ml for amphotericin B indicating the smallest range of MIC variation among the tested Mucorales (range: 0.125–2 μg/ml). Among the azoles, posaconazole was the most effective antifungals (GM MIC, 0.724 μg/ml).ConclusionsWe considered associations of species and seasonal frequencies between soil mucoralean fungi and mucormycosis. The effect of opportunistic Mucorales dominating in the soil and prevalent causative agents of mucormycosis in Iran reported in the literatures but more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
A nutrigenetic approach to examine the relationship between vitamin B12 status and cardio‐metabolic traits in multiple ethnic groups – findings from the GeNuIne Collaboration
Authors: Surendran S. , Vimaleswaran K. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLow vitamin B12 concentration has been shown to be a risk factor for cardio‐metabolic traits in numerous observational studies; however, the relationship has remained inconsistent. It is possible that certain genotypes jointly contribute to cardio‐metabolic diseases and vitamin B12 deficiency, and these may be modulated by dietary factors. The main objective of this article is to summarise the findings from the GeNuIne (Gene‐Nutrient Interactions) Collaboration on the effect of gene–nutrient interactions on vitamin B12 concentrations and cardio‐metabolic disease risk factors in population‐based studies from different ethnic groups. Interactions between vitamin B12‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and protein energy intake (%) on waist circumference (Pinteration =0.002) and body fat percentage (Pinteraction =0.034) were observed in Sri Lankan and Indonesian populations, respectively. In the study in Brazilian adolescents, the metabolic and vitamin B12‐related SNPs showed a significant interaction with dietary carbohydrate and protein intakes on oxidised low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and homocysteine concentrations, respectively. In the Asian Indian population, an association between obesity‐related SNPs and vitamin B12 concentrations (p = 0.018) was observed. In summary, these studies in multiple ethnic groups show that the association between genetically low vitamin B12 concentrations and cardio‐metabolic traits may be modified by dietary intake. Further studies utilising larger sample sizes are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
OPEC’s efforts on energy data transparency: Evidence from the Organization’s 60 year history
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Christodoulides Pantelis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractData transparency is fundamental in the monitoring of markets and provides the bases of data‐driven decision‐making among market players. Energy markets and principally the oil market are by nature dependent on accurate, timely and high‐quality data, particularly during periods of downturn, or structural change. High‐quality and timely energy data also play a vital role in contributing to energy market stability. This paper captures only a small part of the richness in OPEC efforts towards promoting energy and, particularly, oil data transparency throughout the Organization’s 60 year history. The Organization and its Member Countries are continuously manifesting their commitment towards a transparent oil market place by numerous freely available publications, such as the OPEC ASB, MOMR and the WOO, while at the same time strongly supporting JODI data collection and several other data‐related activities. The Organization and its Member Countries are pioneers in implementing new technologies, such as digitalisation and Big Data towards setting higher data quality standards.
Evaluation of photoreceptor function in inherited retinal diseases using rod‐ and cone‐enhanced flicker stimuli
Authors: Hathibelagal Amithavikram R , Bharadwaj Shrikant R , Jalali Subhadra , Subramanian Ahalya , Barbur John L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeClinical assessment of rod and cone photoreceptor sensitivity often involves the use of extended dark adaptation times to minimise cone involvement or the use of bright adapting backgrounds to saturate rods. In this study we examine a new rod/cone sensitivity test, which requires minimal dark adaptation. The aim was to establish whether rod/cone sensitivity losses could be measured reliably in patients with retinal diseases that selectively affect rods or cones when compared to age‐matched subjects with normal vision.MethodsFlicker modulation thresholds (FMTs) were measured psychophysically, using cone‐ and rod‐enhanced stimuli located centrally, and in four quadrants, at 5° retinal eccentricity in 20 patients (age range: 10–41 years) with cone‐dominated (Stargardt's disease or macular dystrophy; n = 13) and rod‐dominated (retinitis pigmentosa; n = 7) disease. These data were compared against age‐matched normals tested with identical stimuli.ResultsAcross all retinal locations, cone FMTs in cone‐dominated diseases (Median ± IQR: 32.32 ± 28.15% for central location) were greater than a majority (83%; 49/59) of corresponding rod FMTs (18.7 ± 3.29%; p = 0.05) and cone FMTs of controls (4.24 ± 2.00%). Similarly, rod FMTs in rod‐dominant disease (14.99 ± 22.58%) were greater than a majority (88%; 29/39) of the corresponding cone FMTs (9.09 ± 10.33%) (p = 0.13) and rod FMT of controls (6.80 ± 2.60 %).ConclusionsCone‐specific deficits were larger than rod‐specific deficits in cone‐dominated diseases, and vice versa in rod‐dominated disease. These results suggest that the new method of assessing photoreceptor sensitivity has potential application in detecting specific rod/cone losses without the need for dark adaptation.
A Review of an Urban Living Lab Initiative
Authors: Tanda Adriano , De Marco Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2016 the city of Turin, Italy, launched the Torino Living Lab initiative. By using the urban Living Lab approach, with firms, public bodies, universities, and communities collaborating to co‐create innovation, Turin aims to encourage, attract, and foster a growing and inclusive innovation environment. This article describes the efforts that Turin has made to design the initiative and presents a structured methodology to assess its results. The expectations and objectives of the initiative’s utilizers and the characteristics, impressions, habits, and behaviors of the citizens were collected before the initiative through a series of semi‐structured interviews and a survey. By comparing the obtained results with similar post‐mortem measurements, it is possible to assess the success of the initiative and evaluate its impacts. Finally, this study present interesting policy takeaways for cities wanting to implement urban Living Labs and identify best practices for their design, implementation, and management.
Is there a global super‐bourgeoisie?
Authors: Cousin Bruno , Chauvin Sébastien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, accelerating processes of globalization and an increase in economic inequality in most of the world's countries have raised the question of the emergence of a new bourgeoisie integrated at the global level, sometimes described as a global super‐bourgeoisie. This group would be distinguished by its unequaled level of wealth and global interconnectedness, its transnational ubiquity and concentration in the planet's major global cities, its specific culture, consumption habits, sites of sociability and shared references, and even by class consciousness and capacity to act collectively. This article successively discusses how the social sciences have examined these various dimensions of the question and begun to provide systematic empirical answers.
The Democratic Dilemmas of Differentiated Integration: The Views of Political Party Actors
Authors: Kröger Sandra , Lorimer Marta , Bellamy Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDifferentiated integration (DI) appeals as a pragmatic way of accommodating political and economic differences among member states (MS). However, it potentially challenges their equal standing in EU decision‐making, creating the possibility for some MS to dominate others. As such, it risks undermining the democratic legitimacy of the EU. Drawing on 35 interviews with party actors in seven MS, we find many shared these concerns, thereby questioning the acceptance of DI. While they considered DI could support self‐determination at the national level, they worried it might result in arbitrary exclusion and growing inequality at the EU level. To be non‐dominating, they contended differentiated policies must remain open for all to join, be based on clear criteria, and allow all MS a say, though only participating states should be entitled to vote on differentiated policies in the Council, whereas all MEPs should be able to vote in the European Parliament.