bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of pyrolysis kinetics and gaseous compounds emitted during charcoal production from woods commonly used in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Ankona Etty , Multanen Victor , Nisnevitch Marina , Billig Miriam , Anker Yaakov 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAir pollution caused by the traditional charcoal production industry is an environmental problem for developing countries. Avocado (Persea americana) and Lemon (Citrus limon) trees that are commonly used in the charcoal industry in the Eastern Mediterranean were chosen as representatives of charcoal raw material in a wood pyrolysis kinetic study that was conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The weight loss was measured in a nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C.min−1 at a temperature range from 30 °C to 700 °C. Four main stages, denoted as dehydration, initial decomposition and both active and final decomposition, were registered in the wood thermal decomposition. The main gases produced were identified in the active decomposition stage for lemonwood and avocado wood, respectively, in the temperature range of 255 to 355 °C and 246 to 340 °C. The released gases in the biomass pyrolysis were measured on‐line using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Main gas products of avocado and lemonwood pyrolysis were similar and included CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, and several organic compounds including methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, and furan. Charcoal production thermogravimetric analysis validated that the wood biomass thermal decomposition process has four stages: (1) water evaporation; (2) initial decomposition; (3) active decomposition, and (4) final decomposition. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Myelomeningocele genotype–phenotype correlation findings in cilia, HH, PCP, and WNT signaling pathways
Authors: Ortiz‐Cruz Gabriela , Aguayo‐Gómez Adolfo , Luna‐Muñoz Leonora , Muñoz‐Téllez Luis A. , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe and frequent type of spina bifida. Its etiology remains poorly understood. The Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt, and planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathways are essential for normal tube closure, needing a structural‐functional cilium for its adequate function. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different gene variants (GV) from those pathways on MMC genotype‐subphenotype correlations.MethodsThe study comprised 500 MMC trios and 500 controls, from 16 Telethon centers of 16 Mexican states. Thirty‐four GVs of 29 genes from cilia, Hh, PCP, and Wnt pathways, were analyzed, by an Illumina on design microarray. The total sample (T‐MMC) was stratified in High‐MMC (H‐MMC) when thoracic and Low‐MMC (L‐MMC) when lumbar‐sacral vertebrae affected. STATA/SE‐12.1 and PLINK software were used for allelic association, TDT, and gene–gene interaction (GGI) analyses, considering p value <.01 as statistically significant differences (SSD).ResultsAssociation analysis showed SSD for COBL‐rs10230120, DVL2‐rs2074216, PLCB4‐rs6077510 GVs in T‐MMC and L‐MMC, and VANGL2‐rs120886448 in T‐MMC and H‐MMC, and INVS‐rs7024375 exclusively in L‐MMC. TDT assay showed SSD preferential transmissions of C2CD3‐rs826058 in H‐MMC, and LRP5‐rs3736228, and BBS2‐rs1373 in L‐MMC. Statistically significant GGI was observed in four in T‐MMC, four completely different in L‐MMC, and one in H‐MMC. Interestingly, no one repeated in subphenotypes.ConclusionsOur results support an association of GVs in Hh, Wnt, PCP, and cilia pathways, with MMC occurrence location, although further validation is needed. Furthermore, present results show a distinctive panel of gene‐variants in H‐MMC and LMMC subphenotypes, suggesting a feasible genotype–phenotype correlation.
Dimethyloxalylglycine, a small molecule, synergistically increases the homing and angiogenic properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells when cultured as 3D spheroids
Authors: Costa Marta H. G. , Serra Joana , McDevitt Todd C. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Ferreira Frederico Castelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStrategies aiming at increasing the survival and paracrine activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are of utmost importance to achieve the full therapeutic potential of these cells. Herein, we propose both physical and biochemical strategies to enhance the survival, homing, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in vitro. To that purpose, we compared the effect of exposing either 2D monolayer or 3D spheroids of MSCs to (i) hypoxia (2% O2) or to (ii) a hypoxic‐mimetic small molecule, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), with cells cultured at 21% O2. 3D‐cultured MSC spheroids evidenced higher survival upon exposure to oxidative stress and expressed higher levels of factors involved in tissue repair processes, namely tumor necrosis factor‐stimulated gene‐6, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, and vascular endothelial growth factor. MSCs cultured as 3D spheroids and further exposed to hypoxia or hypoxic‐mimetic conditions provided by DMOG synergistically favored the expression of the cell surface marker C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type‐4, involved in homing processes to injured tissues, and adhesion to extracellular matrix components as fibronectin. These results highlight the role of ex vivo preconditioning approaches, presenting a novel strategy that combine biochemical stimuli with 3D spheroid organization of MSCs to maximize their tissue regeneration potential.
Biomanufacturing of value‐added products from oils or fats: A case study on cellular and fermentation engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Liu Na , Soong Ya‐Hue V. , Mirzaee Iman , Olsen Andrew , Yu Peng , Wong Hsi‐Wu , Xie Dongming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe United States produces more than 10 million tons of waste oils and fats each year. This paper aims to establish a new biomanufacturing platform that converts waste oils or fats into a series of value‐added products. Our research employs the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a case study for citric acid (CA) production from waste oils. First, we conducted the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the bioreactor system and identified that the extracellular mixing and mass transfer is the first limiting factor of an oil fermentation process due to the insolubility of oil in water. Based on the CFD simulation results, the bioreactor design and operating conditions were optimized and successfully enhanced oil uptake and bioconversion in fed‐batch fermentation experiments. After that, we investigated the impacts of cell morphology on oil uptake, intracellular lipid accumulation, and CA formation by overexpressing and deleting the MHY1 gene in the wild type Y. lipolytica ATCC20362. Fairly good linear correlations (R2 > 0.82) were achieved between cell morphology and productivities of biomass, lipid, and CA. Finally, fermentation kinetics with both glucose and oil substrates were compared and the oil fermentation process was carefully evaluated. Our study suggests that waste oils or fats can be economical feedstocks for biomanufacturing of many high‐value products.
Functional heterogeneity in the left lateral posterior parietal cortex during visual and haptic crossmodal dot‐surface matching
Authors: Yang Jiajia , Yu Yinghua , Shigemasu Hiroaki , Kadota Hiroshi , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Kochiyama Takanori , Ejima Yoshimichi , Wu Jinglong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundVision and touch are thought to contribute information to object perception in an independent but complementary manner. The left lateral posterior parietal cortex (LPPC) has long been associated with multisensory information processing, and it plays an important role in visual and haptic crossmodal information retrieval. However, it remains unclear how LPPC subregions are involved in visuo‐haptic crossmodal retrieval processing.MethodsIn the present study, we used an fMRI experiment with a crossmodal delayed match‐to‐sample paradigm to reveal the functional role of LPPC subregions related to unimodal and crossmodal dot‐surface retrieval.ResultsThe visual‐to‐haptic condition enhanced the activity of the left inferior parietal lobule relative to the haptic unimodal condition, whereas the inverse condition enhanced the activity of the left superior parietal lobule. By contrast, activation of the left intraparietal sulcus did not differ significantly between the crossmodal and unimodal conditions. Seed‐based resting connectivity analysis revealed that these three left LPPC subregions engaged distinct networks, confirming their different functions in crossmodal retrieval processing.ConclusionTaken together, the findings suggest that functional heterogeneity of the left LPPC during visuo‐haptic crossmodal dot‐surface retrieval processing reflects that the left LPPC does not simply contribute to retrieval of past information; rather, each subregion has a specific functional role in resolving different task requirements.
Delivering online alternatives to the anatomy laboratory: Early experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Flynn William , Kumar Naveen , Donovan Russell , Jones Melissa , Vickerton Paula 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial distancing measures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic will make anatomy dissecting room practicals difficult, if not impossible to run at some institutions in the upcoming academic year. The learning community that exists within physical anatomy practicals needs to be moved online. Virtual replacement of visuo‐spatial and social elements of learning anatomy pose particular challenges to educators. Our department has trialed Blackboard Collaborate, an online communication platform in conjunction with Visible Body, a 3D anatomical modeling program. We have delivered 266 hr of synchronous small group teaching to medical and physician associate students. We describe this approach and discuss the relevance of distance learning pedagogy to the design of new online anatomy teaching and development of online learning communities.
The diterpene Manool extracted from Salvia tingitana lowers free radical production in retinal rod outer segments by inhibiting the extramitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase
Authors: Ravera Silvia , Esposito Alfonso , Degan Paolo , Caicci Federico , Manni Lucia , Liguori Anna , Bisio Angela , Iobbi Valeria , Schito Anna , Traverso Carlo Enrico , Panfoli Isabella 
Published: January 2021

Uncontrolled oxidative stress production, especially in the outer retina is one of the causes of retinal degenerations. Mitochondria are considered the principal source of oxidative stress. However, a Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) production in the retinal photoreceptor layer seems to depend also on the expression of an extramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery in the rod outer segments (OS). In fact, OS conduct aerobic metabolism, producing ATP through oxygen consumption, although it is devoid of mitochondria. As diterpenes display an antioxidant effect, we have evaluated the effect Manool, extracted from Salvia tingitana, on the extramitochondrial OxPhos and the ROI production in the retinal rod OS. Results confirm that the OxPhos machinery is ectopically expressed in the OS and that F1Fo‐ATP synthase is a target of Manool, which inhibited the OS ATP synthesis, binding the F1 moiety with high affinity, as analysed by molecular docking. Moreover, the overall slowdown of OxPhos metabolism reduced the ROI production elicited in the OS by light exposure, in vitro. In conclusion, data are consistent with the antioxidant properties of Salvia spp., suggesting its ability to lower oxidative stress production, a primary risk factor for degenerative retinal diseases.Significance of the studyHere we show that Manool, a diterpene extracted from Salvia tingitana has the potential to lower the free radical production by light‐exposed rod outer segments in vitro, by specifically targeting the rod OS F1Fo‐ATP synthase belonging to the extramitochondrial OxPhos expressed on the disk membrane. The chosen experimental model allowed to show that the rod OS is a primary producer of oxidative stress linked to the pathogenesis of degenerative retinal diseases. Data are also consistent with the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory action of Salvia spp., suggesting a beneficial effect also in vivo.
Laparoscopic removal of a fishbone migrating from the gastrointestinal tract to the pancreas
Authors: Mulita Francesk , Kehagias Dimitris , Tchabashvili Levan , Iliopoulos Fotis , Drakos Nikolas , Kehagias Ioannis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery can be performed safely for the removal of a foreign body embedded in the pancreas and should be preferred instead of open surgery, whenever possible.
Experimental Optimization and Modeling of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Oil from Pinus gerardiana
Authors: Amani Mitra , Ardestani Nedasadat Saadati , Honarvar Bizhan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe influence of different temperatures, pressures, and flow rates on the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of oil from Pinus gerardiana was investigated. Extraction was designed using the Box‐Behnken design and artificial neural network. Furthermore, a mathematical model of broken and intact cells was applied to consider mass transfer kinetics of extracted natural materials. The experimental oil extraction was performed by Soxhlet and supercritical carbon dioxide methods and the yield and composition of the obtained oils was compared. Although the yield of the SFE process was lower than that of the Soxhlet extraction, the SFE presented the advantage of shorter extraction time and lower temperatures. Also, the chemical compositions of the obtained oils from Soxhlet and SFE processes were the same.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Lysine Demethylase 5 C Degraders
Authors: Iida Tetsuya , Itoh Yukihiro , Takahashi Yukari , Yamashita Yasunobu , Kurohara Takashi , Miyake Yuka , Oba Makoto , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysine demethylase 5 C (KDM5C) controls epigenetic gene expression and is attracting great interest in the field of chemical epigenetics. KDM5C has emerged as a therapeutic target for anti‐prostate cancer agents, and recently we identified triazole 1 as an inhibitor of KDM5C. Compound 1 exhibited highly potent KDM5C‐inhibitory activity in in vitro enzyme assays, but did not show strong anticancer effects. Therefore, a different approach is needed for the development of anticancer agents targeting KDM5C. Here, we attempted to identify KDM5C degraders by focusing on a protein‐knockdown strategy. Compound 3 b, which was designed based on compound 1, degraded KDM5C and inhibited the growth of prostate cancer PC‐3 cells more strongly than compound 1. These findings suggest that KDM5C degraders are more effective as anticancer agents than compounds that only inhibit the catalytic activity of KDM5C.
Impact of provider type and number of providers on surveillance testing among survivors of head and neck cancers
Authors: Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Fu Shuangshuang , Tam Samantha , Kiong Kimberley L. , Guo Theresa , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. , Sturgis Erich M. , Lewis Carol M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundGuidelines for follow‐up after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment recommend frequent clinical examinations and surveillance testing. Here, the authors describe real‐world follow‐up care for HNC survivors and variations in surveillance testing.MethodsUsing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare data, this study examined a population‐based cohort of HNC survivors between 2001 and 2011 Usage of cross‐sectional head and neck imaging (CHNI), chest imaging (CI), positron emission tomography (PET), fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy (FNPL), and, in irradiated patients, thyroid function testing (TFT) was captured over 2 consecutive surveillance years. Multivariate modeling with logistic regression analyses was used to assess variations by clinical factors, nonclinical factors, number and types of providers seen and their evolution over time.ResultsAmong 13,836 HNC survivors, the majority saw a medical, radiation, or surgical oncologist and a primary care provider (PCP; 81.7%) in their first year of surveillance. However, only 58.1% underwent either PET or CHNI, 47.8% underwent CHNI, 64.1% underwent CI, 32.5% underwent PET scans, 55.0% underwent FNPL, and 55.9% underwent TFT. In multivariate analyses, patients who followed up with more providers and those who followed up with both a PCP and an oncologist were more likely to undergo surveillance testing (P < .007). However, adjusting for providers seen did not explain the variations in surveillance testing rates based on age, race, education, income level, and place of residence. Over time, there was a gradual increase in the use of PET scans and TFT during surveillance years.ConclusionsIn this large SEER‐Medicare data study, only half of HNC survivors received the recommended testing, and greater compliance was seen in those who followed up with both an oncologist and a PCP. More attention is needed to minimize variations in surveillance testing across sociodemographic groups.
Prognostic value of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Prognostic Score in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lebenthal Justin M. , Zheng Junting , Glare Paul A. , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Yang Andrew C. , Epstein Andrew S. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe Memorial Sloan Kettering Prognostic Score (MPS), a composite of the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and albumin, is an objective prognostic tool created as a more readily available alternative to the Glasgow Prognostic Score. A prior analysis of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) suggested that the MPS may predict survival, although it did not control for clinically relevant factors.MethodsMPS scores were calculated for patients with mPDAC treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014. An MPS scale of 0 to 2 was used: 0 for an albumin level ≥ 4 g/dL and an NLR ≤ 4 g/dL, 1 for either an albumin level < 4 g/dL or an NLR > 4 g/dL, and 2 for an albumin level < 4 g/dL and an NLR > 4 g/dL. Performance status, antineoplastic therapy, presence of thromboembolism (TE), radiation therapy, and metastatic sites were also analyzed. The associations with overall survival were examined with time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.ResultsA multivariate model revealed that higher MPS scores at diagnosis (hazard ratio for MPS of 2 vs MPS of 0, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.13‐1.76), liver metastases, radiation therapy, hospital admissions, TE, and performance status were associated with worse overall survival. The median overall survival for patients with MPS scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 12.9, 9.0, and 5.4 months, respectively.ConclusionsThe MPS, an easily calculated composite of the NLR and albumin, is an objective tool that may predict survival in mPDAC independently of performance status, disease characteristics, and cancer therapy.Lay Summary

The Memorial Sloan Kettering Prognostic Score (MPS) is a new scoring system that incorporates markers of inflammation found in individuals' blood at the diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Data suggest that the MPS may help to determine prognosis.
MMWD: An efficient mobile malicious webpage detection framework based on deep learning and edge cloud
Authors: Liu Yizhi , Zhu Chaoqun , Wu Yadi , Xu Heng , Song Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid development of mobile social networks and services, the research of mobile malicious webpage detection has become a hot topic. Most of the existing malicious webpage detection systems are deployed on desktop systems and servers. Due to the limitation of network transmission delay and computing resources, these existing solutions fail to provide the real‐time and lightweight properties for mobile webpage detection. In this paper, we propose an advanced mobile malicious webpage detection framework based on deep learning and edge cloud. Inspired by the idea of edge computing, a multidevice load optimization approach is first introduced to improve detection efficiency. Second, an automatic extraction approach based on deep learning model features is presented to enhance detection accuracy. Furthermore, detection systems can be flexibly deployed on edge nodes and servers, thus providing the properties of resource optimization deployment and real‐time detection. Finally, comparative analysis and performance evaluation are presented to show the detection efficiency and accuracy of the proposed framework.
Construction of Aromatic Multilayered Structures Based on the Conformational Properties of N,N’‐Dimethylated Squaramide
Authors: Arimura Maiko , Tanaka Kimiko , Kanda Midori , Urushibara Ko , Fujii Shinya , Katagiri Kosuke , Azumaya Isao , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Tanatani Aya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSquaramide is a highly rigid four‐membered ring system bearing two carbonyl and two amino groups, and its derivatives have found applications in many fields. We synthesized several N,N’‐dimethylated oligosquaramides linked via phenyl groups, and investigated their structures in the crystalline state and in solution. Compounds 1, 2 (bissquaramides), and 13 (trissquaramide) exist as folded structures in the crystalline state, in which the aromatic rings are located in a face‐to‐face position. In their multilayered structures, the benzene rings are more nearly parallel and are closer to each other, compared with those in N,N’‐dimethylated oligoureas. Individual molecules of meta‐connected compounds 2 and 13 show a helical structure with all‐R or all‐S axis chirality, but afford only racemic crystals. The NMR spectra indicated that these compounds retain well‐ordered folded structures in solution. The unique steric and electronic properties of N,N’‐dimethylated squaramide can provide access to novel functional aromatic multilayered and helical foldamers.
Targeted Genetic Changes in Candida albicans Using Transient CRISPR‐Cas9 Expression
Authors: Huang Manning Y. , Cravener Max V. , Mitchell Aaron P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for significant disease and mortality. Absent complete mating and other convenient methods, dissection of its virulence factors relies on robust tools to delete, complement, and otherwise modify genes of interest in this diploid organism. Here we describe the design principles and use of CRISPR associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) and single‐guide RNAs transiently expressed from PCR cassettes to modify genes of interest, generating homozygous mutants in a single transformation step. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 27 February 2023. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: PCR amplification of CRISPR componentsBasic Protocol 2: Transformation of Candida albicansBasic Protocol 3: Selecting and genotyping transformantsAlternate Protocol 1: Deletion with recyclable markers by CRISPR induced marker excision (CRIME)Alternate Protocol 2: Knock‐in and combining multiple cassettes with overlapping homology
Growth and Maintenance of Escherichia coli Laboratory Strains
Authors: Tuttle Amie R. , Trahan Nicholas D. , Son Mike S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEscherichia coli is a Gram‐negative bacterium, commonly used in both teaching and research laboratories. This article includes protocols for the growth and maintenance of E. coli in any teaching‐ or research‐associated laboratory. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 18 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Growth of E. coli from frozen stocksBasic Protocol 2: Growth of E. coli in liquid mediaBasic Protocol 3: Enumeration of E. coli on solid mediaBasic Protocol 4: Storage of E. coli frozen stocks in glycerolBasic Protocol 5: Storage of E. coli in agar stabsBasic Protocol 6: Growth curve of E. coli liquid culture