bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un fresco de Pérez de Alesio en la capilla Sistina
Authors: Stastny Francisco 
Published: April 2021

Entre los murales pintados por algunos de los más célebres artis- tas del Renacimiento que decoran la Capilla Sistina se encuentran dos composiciones, que por ser obras de artistas menores del siglo XV I, no han merecido estudios muy detallados acerca de su origen y de la fecha en que fueron ejecutados. Representan la Resurrección de Cristo y el tema más desusado de la Disputa del Arcángel Miguel con el Demonio por el cuerpo de Moisés. Ambos están ubicados enfrente del Juicio Final de Miguel Angel, en la pared de entrada a la Capilla, y constituyen las últimas escenas de los ciclos de la Vida de Cristo y de la Vida de Moisés que llegan a su término en ese lugar ( 1 ) .
MINT ÜLKELERİ İÇİN TURİZM GELİRLERİNİN YAKINSAMASI: DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN PANEL BİRİM KÖK TESTİ BULGULARI
Authors: KONAT Gökhan , HAN Ayşegül 
Published: April 2021

Amaç - Dinamik bir yapısı bulunan turizm sektörü, ülke ekonomilerinde, finansal ve mali dengesizliklerin ortadan kaldırılmasında, istihdam seviyesinin yükseltilmesinde ve iktisadi kalkınmasının sağlanmasıyla kalkınma seviyesinin gelişim göstermesinde önemli bir araç durumunda ele alınmaktadır. Turizm ekonomide kazanç sağlamada, istihdamın artmasında ve ekonomide oluşan dengesizliklerin düzeltilmesinde önemli bir faktör olarak görülmektedir. Bu amaçla geleceğin ekonomisi olarak adlandırılan MINT (Meksika, Endonezya, Nijerya ve Türkiye) ülkelerinin turizm gelirlerine yönelik yakınsama hipotezinin geçerliliğinin sınanması amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem – Çalışmada 1995-2019 dönemini kapsayan yıllık turizm gelir verileri kullanılmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan panel birim kök testi ile yapılan sınamada iki rejimli otoregresif (TAR) model kullanılmıştır. Panel TAR modelinde rejimlerin hem tek tek hem de birlikte durağanlığı sınanmaktadır.
Bulgular – İlk olarak, MINT ülkeleri için turizm gelir serisinin doğrusal olmadığı ve iki rejim arasındaki geçiş ülkesinin Meksika olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Seri hem birinci ve ikinci rejimde hem de birlikte ele alınan rejimde durağan çıkmıştır. İlk ve birlikte ele alınan rejimde nispi yakınsama söz konusu iken ikinci rejimde mutlak yakınsama söz konusudur.
Sonuç – Turizm gelirleri ekonomide kazanç sağlamada, istihdamın artmasında ve ekonomide oluşan dengesizliklerin düzeltilmesinde önemli bir araç olmaktadır.
Borrelious lymphocytoma as rare manifestation of Lyme disease
Authors: Polishchuk D.S. , Polishchuk S.Y. 
Published: April 2021

In recent years, an increase in the incidence of Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease (LD)) has been noted in the world, which causes the need for constant epidemic and clinical alertness. The causative agent of LD is Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete, transmitting agents are Ixodes ricinus mites. Migratory erythema appears at the site of mite suction, which is a marker of cutaneous manifestation of LD — an early localized (І) stage of the disease. In the presence of migratory erythema, the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is not difficult, but in the absence of the information about tick inoculation, the diagnosis is difficult. Timely detection and treatment of LD is important to prevent chronic disease, its progression with multiorgan lesions and complications, one of which is Borrelious lymphocytoma which refers to pathognomonic cutaneous manifestations of LD as a sign of dissemination (II or III) stage.Borreliosis lymphocytoma is diagnosed by positive serological tests — detection of antibodies to B. burgdorferi. The localization of borreliosis lymphocytoma — ear lobes, areolas of the nipples of the mammary glands, axillary cavities, occiput, scrotum, rear feet — is of decisive importance for the diagnosis. Treatment of both migratory erythema and borreliosis lymphocytoma consists of antibiotics. A rare case of borreliosis lymphocytoma is described in a patient with the disease duration of more than 15 years with the localization of the pathological process on the skin of the left ear in the area of the lobe and around it. The treatment plan was drawn up in two directions: the first included antibiotics and a synthetic drug that inhibited the activity of T lymphocytes without affecting B lymphocytes; the second one included pathogenetic drugs that increase the production of antibodies, reduce the manifestations of secondary immunodeficiency and have an anti-inflammatory effect. The pictures of the patient in dynamics are presented as she recovers. After the therapy, the patient achieved clinical recovery.
The role of antioxidant system dysfunction in the course of gastroesophageal reflux disease in young patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Pasiieshvili T. M. 
Published: April 2021

Objective — to determine the state of the antioxidant defense system by studying the total antioxidant activity and indicators of the glutathione system in young patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT).
Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients with GERD and AIT (mean age — 21.9 ± 2.7 уears) and 45 subjects with isolated GERD (mean age — 21.2 ± 2.4 уears). All the investigated patients were the students of higher educational institutions. The general antioxidant activity was investigated as the aggregate indicator of the first phase of antioxidant defense and the state of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system (the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione).
Results. It has been established that in patients with isolated GERD the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was significantly lower in comparison with the control group and was significantly suppressed with the addition of AIT.
The decreased synthesis of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was reveled at the comorbid pathologies, as well as dependence of these parameters from the morphological forms of the esophageal mucous lesions: the most intensive alterations were observed at the erosive form of the disease.
Conclusions. The combination of GERD and AIT was accompanied by the changes in the antioxidant defense system parameters. This was manifested in the inhibition of the indicator of the total antioxidant activity and the enzymatic component of the second phase of the system — the glutathione link. These changes were dependent on the morphological form of the esophageal lesions.
The risk of atrial fibrillation associated with hyperuricemia
Authors: Chernyshov V. A. 
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes mechanisms, linking hyperuricemia, the elevated serum levels of uric acid (UA), and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia. The actuality of the problem is explained by the fact that UA is considered as an independent risk marker of AF closely associated with the onset and subsequent persistence of AF as well as by the AF increased risk in males and females with hyperuricemia. It has been shown how hyperuricemia, combined with other AF risk factors, contributeы to the development of arrhythmia, as well as the role of hyperuricemia, oxidative stress and renin‑angiotensin system (RAS) activation in the AF pathogenesis. The consideration have been given to the hyperuricemia association with a prevalence of AF among the patients with carbohydrate exchange disorders such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as to the relationship between hyperuricemia and endothelial vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, high blood concentration of systemic inflammatory markers and insulin resistance (IR). Some mechanisms of hyperuricemia participation in cardiac remodeling as a risk factor of AF are adduced. In particular, the relationship between hyperuricemia and left atrial (LA) size that could be mediated through systemic inflammation and IR is discussed. A significance of a direct impaired action of UA on LA cardiomyocytes resulted in their structural and ionic remodeling is shown. The role of xanthinoxidase (XO) activation in initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells is discussed. All these mechanisms are emphasized to be able to shorten a potential of action of atrial cardiomyocytes as well as to reduce a threshold of re‑entry mechanism initiation and to promote an appearance of the first and the following AF episodes. An important place in the review is taken for an intracellular UA and its cellular transporters in the context of their participation in pathogenesis of AF. The possibilities of drug hyperuricemia correction have been described in regards the reduction of AF risk, in particular, the role of reducing of the oxidative stress intensity with the use of xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol, the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase apocynin, the antioxidant N‑acetylcysteine in the reduction of the risk of onset and subsequent recurrences of AF episodes, and transition of arrhythmia in the persistent form. Some perspectives of probenecid (an inhibitor of UA intracellular transporter activity) usage in the reduction of AF risk due to such of its mechanisms as a reduction of intracellular UA accumulation and antiapoptotic action as well as an ability of this agent to inhibit a locally activated oxidative stress and locally activated tissue RAS are discussed. A significance of the further detailed study of pathophysiological mechanisms of AF in hyperuricemia is emphasized for elaboration of the most effective practical recommendations in prevention of this arrhythmia in persons with UA exchange disorders.
Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Anisha , Pathak Thapa Deeptara 
Published: April 2021

Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is recognized as one of the rare malignant skin neoplasms. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is a variant of mycosis fungoides, described in dark-skinned individual and Asian patients. We report a case of 32 years old Nepalese female who had presented with multiple asymptomatic hypopigmented macules over the bilateral arms, thighs, abdomen, back of trunk and buttocks. Skin biopsy revealed few atypical cells (small/medium-sized, cerebriform nuclei with halo) confined to epidermis with epidermotropism. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3, CD4, CD5 and CD8 positivity. The patient was managed with topical steroids, oral methotrexate and phototherapy, and she is on regular follow up. As the disease has an indolent clinical course, long term follow up is necessary.
Epidemiological Profile of Skin Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu: An Annual Census
Authors: Paudel Sushil , Sharma Rabindra , Dahal Sudip , Acharya Paudel Indu 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Skin diseases are eighth most common reasons for outpatient in Nepal, and fourth cause of disability globally. Skin diseases varies with the reason, season and socioeconomic status. As the socioeconomic conditions are changing, so are the disease patterns. We planned to report the current trend of skin diseases in Kathmandu and compare with similar studies in past.
Materials and methods: Outpatient department records of Civil Service Hospital from the year 2075 Bikram Sambat were reviewed after ethical clearance from institution review committee and were analyzed after tabulation.
Results: Total number of cases were 9886 (4.51% of total hospital attendance). In total 8097 cases were new, males were 4218 (52.1%) and females 3879 (47.9%). Most common diagnosis was eczemas (18.47%), followed by dermatophytosis (15.29%). Eczemas, chronic urticaria, psoriasis and lichen planus were more common in the adult population of more than 30 years. While infections and acne were more common in young adults, 15-30 years, in both the sexes. Tinea was common during summer and so was scabies in males, while in females, melasma peaked in summer and chronic urticaria during spring and winter.
Conclusion: The pattern of skin diseases is changing with the time. Diseases of possible allergic and immunologic etiology are increasing and diseases with infective etiology are still a huge burden on society.
An Observational Study to Evaluate Quality of Life in Patients with Melasma in A Tertiary Level Hospital of Pokhara
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal , Neupane Saraswoti 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Melasma is an acquired hyper melanosis that becomes more pronounced after sun exposure. Centro facial which is the commonest pattern followed by Malar and Mandibular are three clinical patterns of Melasma. Genetic influences, exposure to UV radiation, pregnancy, hormonal therapies, contribute to the pathogenesis of melasma. Melasma may considerably have significant effect on quality of life of patients.

Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of melasma in quality of life (QoL) in the form of DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and severity of melasma according to Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI).

Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross-sectional prospective study conducted in 193 Melasma patients in the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from November 2018 to November 2019. MASI score was calculated and the patients were provided with a Nepali version of DLQI to fill up.

Results: This study included 193 patients. Mean age of patients with melasma was 29.4 ± 8.5 years with maximum reported age of 59 years. The Mean age of onset of disease was 26.5 years. The Mean age of onset of disease had little impact on DLQI. The mean DLQI score was 10.9 ± 5.9, thus indicating “very large effect on patient’s life”. The mean MASI score was 6.6 ± 5.2. It was found that there was no correlation between severity of disease and DLQI scores (p=0.317)
Conclusion: Melasma commonly affected females during second and third decades of life. It had a very large effect on patient’s life as assessed by DLQI.
Rare Solitary Naevus Lipomatosis Cutaneous Superficialis: Histopathology A Diagnostic Clue
Authors: Thapa Deeptara Pathak , Singh Moushami 
Published: April 2021

We present a case of 45 year old female, presenting with a solitary, asymptomatic, pedunculated mass since childhood. The lesion was totally excised and was sent for histopathological evaluation and was found to be Naevus lipomatosis cutaneous superficialis which is a rare form of hamartoma in which mature adipocytes are found in the dermis.
Cutaneous Manifestations in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Das Anil Kumar , Sharma Ramesh , Karn Ashish 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The availability of potent immunosuppressants has paved the path towards decreased incidence of graft rejection and long term survival of the renal transplant recipients. But, with the increased life span of the patients and long term use of immunosuppressants, there has been an increase in various skin conditions; ranging from various infections to some life-threatening cutaneous malignancies.
Objectives:
This study was carried out to determine the pattern of different cutaneous manifestations in renal transplant recipients at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, to identify the infectious and non-infectious skin manifestations in these patients and their relation with the duration of transplantation.
Methodology:
The present study was a hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu; Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Outpatient department and Outpatient department of Department of Dermatology from June 2013 to May 2014. A total of 114 renal transplant recipients were enrolled in the study.
Results:
A total of 114 renal transplant recipients with a mean age of 37.56±11.10 years were studied. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of combinations including tacrolimus, prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprine along with supportive medications like antivirals, antibiotics and antihypertensives. Out of all those studied, 60 patients had a total of 61 cutaneous manifestations. The mean duration from date of transplantation to presentation to the transplant OPD for infectious dermatoses was 688.4 days (1.88 years) and for iatrogenic dermatoses was 67.5 days. The most common cutaneous manifestation was acne (41%) followed by fungal infections (27.9%) consisting of pityriasis versicolor (n=9), dermatophytosis (n=6) and candidiasis (n=2); viral infections (18%) consisting of verruca (n=4), herpes zoster (n=4) and herpes simplex (n=3); bacterial infections (4.9%) consisting of folliculitis (n=2) and erythema chronicum migrans (n=1). Gingival hyperplasia was observed in a single patient. Other cutaneous manifestations like seborrheic dermatitis and xerosis were also observed in 2 patients each during the study.

Conclusion:
Renal transplant recipients are susceptible to acquire various cutaneous manifestations as a result of long term immunosuppression and also due to adverse effects of the drugs used. This knowledge helps the transplant physicians for regular dermatologic screening of these patients for early diagnosis and treatment of the skin lesions.
Association Between Serum Uric Acid Level and Psoriasis: A Case Control Study
Authors: Sayami Aruna , Gupta Aatmaram , Gautam Narayan 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory and proliferative condition of the skin, associated with various disorders including metabolic syndrome. High serum uric acid levels are also associated with metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia is associated with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
Objectives: To find out the association of serum uric acid with psoriasis.
Materials and Method: It was a case-control study including 104 patients, among them 52 were psoriatic patients (case) and 52 had disease other than psoriasis (control) after matching for age and sex. The study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Universal College of Medical Science, from January- December 2017. Clinical examination and proforma documentation including patient details, laboratory values of serum uric acid level, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score were studied.
Results: Mean SUA in psoriasis patients was 4.70±1.37 mg/dl in female, 5.57±1.18 mg/dl in male whereas 4.85±0.74 mg/dl in female and 4.34 ± 0.98 mg/dl in male respectively in control group (p=0.002). Six (18.88%) male and three (15.78%) female patients with psoriasis had higher serum uric acid value whereas only four (3.84%) patient had higherserum uric acid value in control group (p=0.012). There was association between serum uric acid and psoriasis.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that serum uric acid level is increased in psoriasis patients when compared with controls. Monitoring of psoriatic patients for high serum uric acid levels during treatment and follow up should be done to prevent the its deleterious effect on psoriasis.
Spring-assisted minimally invasive repair of sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Governale Lance S. , Ching Jessica A. 
Published: April 2021

Craniosynostosis surgery is intended to repair cranial deformity, reduce the risk of increased intracranial pressure from cephalocranial disproportion, and reduce the risk of developmental delays. In recent years, minimally invasive surgical techniques have been developed to achieve these goals with less tissue disruption, lower rates of transfusion, and shorter recovery time. The operation focuses on unlocking the fused bones, while reshaping relies on an adjunct, most commonly a postoperative cranial molding helmet. As an alternative to the care-intensive helmeting process, reshaping with implanted cranial expander springs has emerged. In this video, the authors demonstrate their technique for spring-assisted minimally invasive repair of sagittal craniosynostosis.
The video can be found here: https://vimeo.com/513923721
The 'Mallee-Made Man': Making Masculinity in the Mallee Lands of South Eastern Australia, 1890-1940
Authors: Holmes Katie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The southern Australian Mallee is a broad ecoregion comprising distinct landscapes, and the clearing and farming of these lands have presented specific challenges to generations of white settlers. Cultivation of this region was characterised as 'one of the most strenuous and resolute battles with Nature'. So began the shaping of an enduring mythology around the 'Mallee man'. In the context of the settler state, this mythology was forged through race, place and gender, with devastating environmental consequences. It has been consistently evoked to suggest that the specific environment of the Mallee worked to produce a special type of 'home grown' masculinity. At the same time, the State sought to provide a particular type of man to work the Mallee lands. This article examines the ways ideas about masculinity shaped men's engagement with the environment and the impact of government settlement schemes on both the myth and lives of Mallee men.
'It's Not a Reservoir; It's Valuable Agricultural Land': Controlled Use of Water and Deliberate Flooding in Lincolnshire
Authors: Rowling Jane 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Lincolnshire lowlands owe their existence to a long-term programme of formal and informal drainage, by which the landscape has been managed since the Roman period. The public bodies that have held responsibility for this drainage, namely the Commissions of Sewers followed by the Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs) from 1930, are often perceived as solely aiming to remove water from the land as quickly as possible. Recent water management planning in Lincolnshire has begun to explore the idea of water retention, but, as this article will show, this is not a new idea. Far from keeping water out at all costs, Lincolnshire's drained, farmed landscape is a porous one, which has benefited from a long history of deliberate, managed flooding and small-scale sacrifice of valuable agricultural land to water. This is a lacuna which exists in both the academic literature, and in the stories people involved in the drainage boards tell about themselves.
Multigranulation roughness based on soft relations
Authors: Shabir Muhammad , Din Jamalud , Ganie Irfan Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

The original rough set model, developed by Pawlak depends on a single equivalence relation. Qian et al, extended this model and defined multigranulation rough sets by using finite number of equivalence relations. This model provide new direction to the research. Recently, Shabir et al. proposed a rough set model which depends on a soft relation from an universe V to an universe W . In this paper we are present multigranulation roughness based on soft relations. Firstly we approximate a non-empty subset with respect to aftersets and foresets of finite number of soft binary relations. In this way we get two sets of soft sets called the lower approximation and upper approximation with respect to aftersets and with respect to foresets. Then we investigate some properties of lower and upper approximations of the new multigranulation rough set model. It can be found that the Pawlak rough set model, Qian et al. multigranulation rough set model, Shabir et al. rough set model are special cases of this new multigranulation rough set model. Finally, we added two examples to illustrate this multigranulation rough set model.