bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional link convolutional neural network for the classification of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jangir Sunil Kumar , Joshi Nakul , Kumar Manish , Choubey Dilip Kumar , Singh Shatakshi , Verma Madhushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetes is a faction of metabolic ailments distinguished by hyperglycemia which is the consequence of a defect, in the action of insulin, insulin secretion, or both and producing various abnormalities in the human body. In recent years, the utilization of intelligent systems has been expanded in disease classification and numerous researches have been proposed. In this research article, a variant of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that is, Functional Link Convolutional Neural Network (FLCNN) is proposed for the diabetes classification. The main goal of this article is to find the potential of a computationally less complex deep learning network like FLCNN and applied the proposed technique on a real dataset of diabetes for classification. This article also presents the comparative studies where various other machine learning techniques are implemented and outcomes are compared with the proposed FLCNN network. The performance of each classification techniques have been evaluated based on standard measures and also validated with a non‐parametric statistical test such as Friedman. Data for modeling diabetes classification is collected from Bombay Medical Hall, Upper Bazar, Ranchi, India. Accuracy achieve by the proposed classifier is more than 90% which is closer to the other state‐of‐the‐art implemented classifiers.
Pediatric Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: A National Database Inquiry on Current Treatment Approaches in the United States
Authors: Scarpelli Daphne B. , Yu Yun , Tep Amanda C. , Bergue Bailey , Degnin Catherine , Chen Yiyi , McClelland Shearwood , Jaboin Jerry J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) account for <1% of primary brain tumors, occurring predominantly in children and young adults. Surgical resection serves as the primary treatment for PXAs, while radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy protocols remain poorly defined.AimThis study aims to determine current care patterns utilized for pediatric patients (≤ 18 years) diagnosed with PXAs and their effect on overall survival.MethodsThe United States National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried between 2004 and 2015 for pediatric patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with PXAs.ResultsFrom the 224 qualifying patients, most patients proceeded with surgery only (78.1%), while 11.6% of patients received both adjuvant RT and chemotherapy. In the 2010‐2015 cohort, patients with subtotal resection were associated with poorer prognosis than those with gross‐total resection (hazard ratio = 17.44, 95% confidence interval = 2.10‐144.90, p < .001). RT and chemotherapy recipients were similarly associated with poorer survival than those treated with surgery only, with p‐values of <.001 and respective hazard ratios of 3.82 (95% confidence interval = 1.85‐7.90) and 6.68 (95% confidence interval = 3.21‐13.89). The key factors impacting the probability of RT delivery involved WHO grade (p < .001) and chemotherapy administration (p < .001). However, WHO grade alone did not significantly impact survival (p‐value = .088).ConclusionMaximally safe resection is the current treatment goal for patients with PXAs. RT and chemotherapy are poorly utilized but had a greater role in managing more aggressive cases of PXAs. Additional research focusing on the impact of adjuvant therapies on tumor progression is needed to better guide treatment decisions.
An Experimental Liver Metastasis Mouse Model Suitable for Short and Long‐Term Intravital Imaging
Authors: Marvin Dieuwke L. , ten Dijke Peter , Ritsma Laila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe liver is a frequent site of cancer metastasis, but current treatment options for cancer patients with liver metastasis are limited, resulting in poor prognosis. Colonization of the liver by cancer cells is a multistep and temporally controlled process. Investigating this process in biological relevant settings in a dynamic manner may lead to new therapeutic avenues. Experimental mouse models of liver metastasis combined with high‐resolution microscopy methods can facilitate study of the mechanisms that underlie the outgrowth of cancer cells in the liver. Intravital imaging can provide information on the behavior of tumor cells in their biological setting, in time frames of hours to days. In this unit, we describe the experimental induction of liver metastasis through administration of cancer cells into mice via mesenteric vein injection. The behavior of these injected cells can then be studied using intravital imaging by surgical exposure or through an abdominal imaging window. The approach is described for use with an upright multiphoton microscope, making it widely applicable. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Inducing liver metastasis through mesenteric vein injectionBasic Protocol 2: Short‐term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liverBasic Protocol 3: Long‐term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver using an abdominal imaging window
Recovering Individual Genomes from Metagenomes Using MaxBin 2.0
Authors: Wu Yu‐Wei , Singer Steven W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is critical to identify individual genomes from microbiomic samples in order to carry out analysis of the microbes. Methods based on existing databases, however, may have limited capabilities in elucidating and quantifying the microbes due to the largely unidentified microbial species in natural or human‐associated environments. We thus developed a database‐free method, MaxBin 2.0, to aid in the process of recovering microbial genomes from metagenomes in a de novo manner. The recovery of individual genomes allows analysis of the microbiome in terms of a collection of microbial genomes so that one can understand the functional roles of each species. The data of individual microbes may then be analyzed collectively to untangle the interactions between different microbial organisms. By reporting the genome abundance information for co‐assembled metagenomes, one may also identify which microorganisms dominate the microbiome and which species may co‐occur from the MaxBin 2.0 results. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Recovering genomes from one shotgun metagenome with coverage informationBasic Protocol 2: Recovering genomes from one shotgun metagenome without coverage informationBasic Protocol 3: Recovering genomes given multiple shotgun metagenomes with coverage information for each metagenomeBasic Protocol 4: Recovering genomes given multiple shotgun metagenomes without coverage informationSupport Protocol 1: MaxBin installationSupport Protocol 2: Assembling and co‐assembling NGS reads
Direct CatalyticN‐Alkylation of α‐Amino Acid Esters and Amides Using Alcohols with High Retention of Stereochemistry
Authors: Yan Tao , Feringa Ben L. , Barta Katalin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe direct functionalization of naturally abundant chiral scaffolds such as α‐amino acid esters or amides with widely abundant alcohols, without any racemization, is a demanding transformation that is of central importance for the synthesis of bio‐active compounds. Herein a robust and general method was developed for the directN‐alkylation of α‐amino acid esters and amides with alcohols. This powerful ruthenium‐catalyzed methodology is atom‐economic, base‐free, and allowed for excellent retention of stereochemical integrity. The use of diphenylphosphate as additive was crucial for significantly enhancing reactivity and product selectivity. Notably, the only by‐product was water and both substrates could be potentially derived from renewable resources.
Non‐Flammable and Highly Concentrated Carbonate Ester‐Free Electrolyte Solutions for 5 V‐Class Positive Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Doi Takayuki , Taccori Romain Jun , Fujii Ryo , Nagashima Tsuyoshi , Endo Takatsugu , Kimura Yoshifumi , Inaba Minoru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐flammable and highly concentrated electrolyte solutions were designed using tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) as a main solvent toward a radical improvement in the safety and energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. Unlike conventional carbonate ester‐based solutions, simple TFEP‐based electrolyte solutions were not intrinsically compatible with 5 V‐class LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 positive electrodes, even at high concentrations. Based on the degradation mechanism that was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a fluorinated diluent of methyl 3,3,3‐trifluoropropionate (FMP) was introduced to suppress the decomposition of LiBF4 and TFEP at high potentials. A nearly saturated LiBF4/TFEP+FMP electrolyte solution with a specific composition improved the charge and discharge performance of a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode, and the solution structure was studied by pulsed‐field‐gradient NMR spectroscopy.
Crystal Phase Effects on the Gas‐Phase Ketonization of Small Carboxylic Acids over TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Fufachev Egor V. , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe choice of TiO2 crystal phase (i. e., anatase, rutile, or brookite) greatly influences catalyst performance in the gas‐phase ketonization of small volatile fatty acids, such as acetic acid and propionic acid. Rutile TiO2 was found to perform best, combining superior activity, as exemplified by an exceptional reaction rate of 141.8 mmol h−1 gcat−1 (at 425 °C and 24 h−1) with excellent ketone selectivity when propionic acid was used. Brookite, to the best of our knowledge never reported before as a viable ketonization catalyst, was found to outperform the well‐studied anatase phase, but not rutile. Operando Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy measurements combined with on‐line mass spectrometry showed that bidentate carboxylates were the most abundant surface species on the rutile and brookite surfaces, while on anatase both monodentate and bidentate carboxylates co‐existed. The bidendate carboxylates were thought to be precursors to the active ketonization species, likely monodentate intermediates more prone to C−C coupling. Ketonization activity did not directly correlate with acidity; the observed, strong crystal phase effect did suggest that ketonization activity is influenced strongly by geometrical factors that determine the ease of formation of the relevant surface intermediates.
Novel high‐affinity EGFRvIII‐specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells effectively eliminate human glioblastoma
Authors: Abbott Rebecca C , Verdon Daniel J , Gracey Fiona M , Hughes‐Parry Hannah E , Iliopoulos Melinda , Watson Katherine A , Mulazzani Matthias , Luong Kylie , D’Arcy Colleen , Sullivan Lucy C , Kiefel Ben R , Cross Ryan S , Jenkins Misty R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in haematological malignancies is reinvigorating its application in many other cancer types and with renewed focus on its application to solid tumors. We present a novel CAR against glioblastoma, an aggressive, malignant glioma, with a dismal survival rate for which treatment options have remained unchanged for over a decade.MethodsWe use the human Retained Display (ReD) antibody platform (Myrio Therapeutics) to identify a novel single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) that recognises epidermal growth factor receptor mutant variant III (EGFRvIII), a common and tumor‐specific mutation found in glioblastoma. We use both in vitro functional assays and an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model of glioblastoma to examine the function of our novel CAR, called GCT02, targeted using murine CAR T cells.ResultsOur EGFRvIII‐specific scFv was found to be of much higher affinity than reported comparators reverse‐engineered from monoclonal antibodies. Despite the higher affinity, GCT02 CAR T cells kill equivalently but secrete lower amounts of cytokine. In addition, GCT02‐CAR T cells also mediate rapid and complete tumor elimination in vivo.ConclusionWe present a novel EGFRvIII‐specific CAR, with effective antitumor functions both in in vitro and in a xenograft model of human glioblastoma.
Hybrid communication architecture in VANETs via named data network
Authors: Raissi Khadija , Ben Gouissem Bechir 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe limitations of the transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) model have given birth to a new futuristic trend called named data networking (NDN), focusing on retrieving the desired data by using content names instead of host addresses. In this context, we proposed another NDN architecture named hybrid communication in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) via named data network (HCIV‐NDN) to reduce packet loss, eliminate the unnecessary message exchange, and to assume that in one cluster not all receivers nodes rebroadcast. Also, it investigates the NDN concept to vehicle to road side unit (V2R), vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V), and road side unit to infrastructure (R2I) plus vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) communications to enlarge the connectivity of vehicles. The vehicles are clustered and can communicate with the base station, with road side unit (RSU), and among them to define a new data dissemination protocol. Hence, the HCIV‐NDN mechanism applies two types of timers to select some farthest nodes as forwarder to rebroadcast packets at different times. Thus, we study the performance of our HCIV‐NDN with node density effects for smart cities and then we compare it with the existing location‐based deferred broadcast (LBDB) scheme. Simulation results exhibited that HCIV‐NDN scheme achieves more than 90% in terms of the cache‐hit ratio when the percent of consumers interested in the same data is about 50%. Then it performs better than LBDB in terms of satisfaction ratio, packet loss ratio, and the average delay in a suburban scenario.
Review of opportunistic network: Assessing past, present, and future
Authors: Sachdeva Rahul , Dev Amita 
Published: May 2021

SummaryOpportunistic networks aim to deal with the unpredictable environment for data communication. Messages in opportunistic networks need to be stored with the node in the absence of any suitable forwarder. With such a store‐carry‐forward paradigm, it aims to eliminate challenges of no pre‐determined/fixed connectivity, absence of direct/in‐direct routes from source to destination, and high error rate and delay in the network. Node carrying message roams in the network to find a suitable forwarding node. In this study, the survey for various routing protocols and mobility models for opportunistic networks is discussed along with tools available for simulations of opportunistic networks. Further, various challenges in opportunistic networks such as storage management, congestion management, and energy constraints are discussed. Many applications for the opportunistic network, along with real‐time case study, are presented in the paper. The objective of the study is to provide future direction to the researchers, along with the systematic review. Hence, future objectives are discussed to mitigate the challenges faced in the current scenario. Also, based upon the study, it is observed that most researchers have taken epidemic, ProPHET, and spray and wait routing protocols as their base of study. Performance analysis for these protocols is done using opportunistic network environment (ONE) simulator.
Cytological features of a complete hydatidiform mole in a cervicovaginal smear: A case report
Authors: Naveed Hania , Yaqoob Nausheen , Kiran Ayesha , Hasan Sheema Habib Ul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExfoliated trophoblastic cells can be seen in a cervicovaginal smear in cases of normal pregnancy or gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and can mimic high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or malignancy. Although they appear highly anaplastic, cytological features such as high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclear contours and scanty basophilic cytoplasm admixed with cytologically benign squamoid and endocervical cells can aid in differentiating them from malignant cells. We present a case of a 37‐year‐old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding for 3‐months. There was no history of recent pregnancy or previous GTD. Her cervicovaginal smear showed a hypercellular smear exhibiting cytologically benign superficial and intermediate squamous cells along with clusters of benign endocervical cells with interspersed mononucleate cells. These mononucleate cells were large, with a hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei, and scant basophilic cytoplasm. Cytological features were suggestive of trophoblastic cells and workup for pregnancy and GTD was advised. Her laboratory investigations showed markedly raised levels of β human chorionic gonadotropins (β‐HCG) and ultrasound showed a uterine mass with snowstorm appearance. A uterine evacuation was performed after which histopathological examination showed microscopic features consistent with a complete hydatidiform mole. The rare presence of trophoblastic cells in a cervicovaginal smear can easily be confused with malignant cells and can be misleading to the pathologist. Trophoblastic cells should always be kept in mind when evaluating a cytology smear of a young patient irrespective of gestational status.
Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology of angiosarcoma of head and neck: a review of cytomorphologic features and discussion of diagnostic pitfall of aspiration cytology of vascular lesions
Authors: Khandakar Binny , Chen Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAngiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of vascular origin (<2% of sarcomas). It represents <1% of all head‐neck malignancies. A cytological diagnosis on fine needle aspiration (FNA) is extremely difficult. Most tumors yield a predominantly hemorrhagic aspirate with only rare neoplastic cells, a diagnostic pitfall of aspiration cytology of vascular lesions. An 81‐year‐old male, 2 years status post resection of a nasal tip angiosarcoma and adjuvant radiation therapy, presented to another institution with an enlarging left neck mass of 2 months duration. Outside FNA diagnosis of cyst was made. Patient was referred to our institution for a pathologist‐performed ultrasound‐guided FNA. Ultrasound examination revealed a hypoechoic cystic left neck mass. Direct smears showed blood with occassional single malignant spindled to epithelioid cells, with some cells showing “spider‐leg” like cytoplasmic processes/projections and “tadpole/fiber” like morphology. Immunohistochemistry performed on cell block sections revealed the tumor cells to be positive for D2‐40, CD31 and CD34, supported a diagnosis of regional recurrent angiosarcoma. Left neck dissection showed recurrent high‐grade angiosarcoma infiltrating periparotid soft tissues and metastatic angiosarcoma involving multiple lymph nodes. A diagnosis of angiosarcoma on FNA samples can be challenging, as the aspirate may contain only rare tumor cells hidden in a background of abundant blood. Such cases require careful screening to avoid an incorrect diagnosis of inadequate or cyst contents. This short review highlights key cytomorphologic features of angiosarcoma, includes novel cytologic features of angiosarcoma which has not been described previously and also discusses challenges and diagnostic pitfalls of FNA of vascular lesions.
Quality of father–child relationships as a predictor of sleep developments during preschool years
Authors: Tétreault Émilie , Bernier Annie , Matte‐Gagné Célia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubstantial developmental changes in sleep occur during the preschool period, but few studies have investigated the factors that forecast these developments. The aim of this study was to examine whether three aspects of father–child relationships in toddlerhood predicted individual differences in developmental patterns of change in five actigraphy‐derived sleep variables during the preschool period (N = 67; sleep assessed yearly between 2 and 4 years). In a predominantly White and middle‐to‐higher income sample, paternal mind‐mindedness and quality of father–child interactions were assessed during father–child free play at 18 months and fathers self‐reported on their involvement in childrearing at age 2. Multilevel growth modeling revealed that children whose father made more mind‐related comments during father–child interactions had a higher proportion of sleep taking place during nighttime as well as shorter daytime and total sleep duration at 2 years. This was, however, followed by a relative leveling off (i.e., less rapid change) of these sleep features between 2 and 4 years. Given previous studies documenting that nighttime sleep proportion increases while daytime and total sleep duration decrease during preschool years, the findings suggest that children who are exposed to more paternal mind‐mindedness may reach more mature sleep patterns earlier in development.
EPO transgene detection in dried blood spots for antidoping application
Authors: Marchand Alexandre , Roulland Ingrid , Semence Florian , Ericsson Magnus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe modification of gene expression to treat diseases is a field of research with exponential growth. As doping in sport closely follows emerging therapies, a surveillance of the modification of gene expression to enhance performance is needed. The gene coding for erythropoietin (EPO) is one target of interest. Since 2010, several protocols have been proposed to identify EPO gene doping by focusing on the presence in blood of a transgene that differ in size from the endogenous gene sequence, normally found in the human DNA. In this work, our aim was to validate an easily applicable method for EPO gene doping detection in dried blood spots (DBS). We evaluated the detection of EPO transgene in 20‐μl DBS after the spike of a plasmid carrying the EPO transgene in whole blood. Three different DBS were compared: Nucleic‐Card™, Whatman® 903, and the volumetric 20‐μl VAMS™. Detection was performed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and validated with two Taqman assays (one commercial and one custom) specific for the EPO transgene. The initial testing procedure could be done using one assay (custom) and the confirmation using the second one (commercial Taqman) with a final check of the size of the PCR product. Starting from 20‐μl dried blood, 1000 copies of EPO transgene could efficiently be detected with the three types of DBS, VAMS showing a slightly better sensitivity. No loss of sensitivity was observed after 1‐month storage of DBS at room temperature. This method could be applied to DBS collected during doping controls and allows reanalysis.