bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variation, distribution and relationship of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mahmod Intan Filzah , Saiman Mohd Zuwairi , Mohamed Zulqarnain , Ishak Muhammad Nazri , Mispan Muhamad Shakirin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dynamic changes in agricultural practices have negatively impacted rice cultivation resulting in serious weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) infestations. In this study, field surveys were conducted at six granaries to evaluate the abundance, spatial‐distribution patterns, and morphological characteristics of weedy rice in Peninsular Malaysia. An average of 5.28 plants/m2 weedy rice density was recorded, with coverage area that ranged from 29% to 66% and occurrence at >67% frequency. Seed morphological characteristics identified the existence of at least 18 biotypes. A total of 134 weedy rice samples were characterized morphologically, and Principle Component Analysis results showed that these samples are highly diverse and are dispersed across Peninsular Malaysia. These genetically diverse reservoir of weedy rice characteristics present opportunities of exploitation in the future, especially through rice breeding and crop improvement. Weedy rice from Kelantan and Selangor displayed unique clusters in the PCA plot which suggest higher tendencies for environmental adaptation although the influencing factors have yet to be determined. Dispersion studies based on Lloyd patchiness index revealed that more than 50% of surveyed field blocks in five states displayed uniform distribution as opposed to cluster distribution observed in the remaining field blocks. These variations in dispersion suggested that farmers in Peninsular Malaysia employed inconsistent weedy rice management practices in every granary and farm block. Observation of weedy rice infestation pattern via spatial distribution suggested that weed management requires proper coordination of control efforts among farmers to ensure the degree of infestation is maintained under a controlled level.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Cerebral Thromboembolism Risk in Ventricular Assist Device Patients: Effects of Pulsatility and Thrombus Origin
Authors: Prather Ray , Divo Eduardo , Kassab Alain , DeCampli William 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the hypothesis that by surgically manipulating the outflow graft (OG) implantation during ventricle assist device placement, it may be possible to reduce the risk of cerebral embolism. We investigate this hypothesis using a computational approach on a patient-specific basis under fully pulsatile hemodynamics with a multiscale computational fluid dynamics model incorporating a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme that effectively tracks emboli in the fluid domain. Blood is modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid based on the hematocrit level. Preliminary flow analysis shows that depending on the anastomosis angle the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can enhance the flow to the cerebral circulation by nearly 31%. Z-test results suggest that unsteady-flow modeling ought to be an integral part of any cardiovascular simulation with residual ventricular function. Assuming unsteady-flow conditions, a shallow LVAD outflow graft anastomosis angle is the most optimal if thrombi are released from the aortic-root reducing cerebral embolization incidence to 15.5% and from the ventricle to 17%, while a more pronounced anastomosis angle becomes advantageous when particles originate from the LVAD with an embolization rate of 16.9%. Overall, computations suggest that a pronounced LVAD anastomosis angle is the better implementation. Unsteady modeling is shown to be necessary for the presence of significant antegrade aortic-root flow which induces cyclical flow patterns due to residual pulsatility. On the other hand, depending on thrombus origin and ventricular assist devices (VAD) anastomosis angle there is a strong tradeoff in embolization rates.
Transient Response Characteristics and Performance Assessment of a Calorimetric Surface Junction Probe Under Impulsive Thermal Loading
Authors: Rout Anil Kumar , Sahoo Niranjan , Kalita Pankaj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The measurement of surface temperatures in highly unsteady flow environments is a challenging task pertaining to the need for high-frequency sensors. This paper contains the sequential activities related to a fast response thermal probe (coaxial surface junction probe—CSJP). This probe is prepared in the laboratory, and its salient features are explored for short-duration (∼20 ms) experiments. The surface junction morphology and inside texture of the probe are examined under field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The study confirms the plastic deformation of thermo-elements with an average junction thickness of 21 μm. The static calibration of the probe using a glycerin bath shows a linear trend between voltage and temperature from which the sensitivity value is calculated as 59 μV/°C. The “thermal product” of the probe is also measured experimentally through the “water droplet technique,” and its value is found to be 8677 J/m2 s0.5 K. The concept of one-dimensional heat flux modeling is followed to infer surface heat flux from transient temperatures. For assuring prediction of heat flux, the probe is calibrated experimentally by exposing to a laser source of known wattage (2 W and 3 W). These findings are also supported by numerical simulation of the probe with accuracy in prediction for surface temperature and heat flux as  ± 2% and ±3%, respectively. The performance capability of the probe is demonstrated through shock-tube flow experiments to measure instantaneous heat flux. The comparison of the transient response behavior (9500 K/s) with pressure transducer justifies the utility of the probe under hostile flow environment.
Thermal Soil Radon Mitigation
Authors: Arias Francisco J. , De Las Heras Salvador 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, consideration is given to the possibility for thermal soil radon mitigation. It is known that the diffusion coefficients of radon through minerals and rocks are characterized by Arrhenius linear plots and then increasing as the temperature increases. For the case of rocks, for example, it was observed that a mild heating, less than 100 °C, translates into a radon release, which can be enhanced by 100–1000 times than the normal release at standard temperature and pressure. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that if soil is deliberately heated and then creating a thermal gradient, it could be possible to pump radon from soil because the radon atoms will escape preferentially from cold regions (low diffusion coefficient) toward hot regions (high diffusion coefficients) where a radon sink is located. Utilizing a simplified two-group thermal one-dimensional model, an expression was derived, which allows a first assessment on this possible mitigation technique.
Modification of the Johnson–Cook Model for the Strain Rate Effect on Tensile Properties of 304/316 Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Seo Jun-Min , Jeong Sang-Seop , Kim Yun-Jae , Kim Jin-Weon , Oh Chang-Young , Tokunaga Hayato , Kumagai Tomohisa , Miura Naoki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, tensile tests of 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels (ASS) at various strain rates were performed to investigate the strain rate effect on tensile properties. It is shown that the strain rate effect on stress depends not only on the strain rate but also on the plastic strain level. Accordingly, a modification of the existing Johnson–Cook (J–C) model is proposed to incorporate the interacting effect of plastic strain and strain rate for 304 and 316 ASS. The proposed modified J–C model can reduce the difference from the experimental data at various strain levels, compared to the existing J–C model.
Recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review—heterogeneity of definition limits study comparison
Authors: Moore Yasmin , Serafimova Teona , Anderson Nina , King Hayley , Richards Alison , Brigden Amberly , Sinai Parisa , Higgins Julian , Ascough Caitlin , Clery Philippa , Crawley Esther M 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPaediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a common illness with a major impact on quality of life. Recovery is poorly understood. Our aim was to describe definitions of recovery in paediatric CFS/ME, the rate of recovery and the time to recovery.MethodsThis systematic review included a detailed search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library between 1994 and July 2018. Inclusion criteria were (1) clinical trials and observational studies, (2) participants aged <19 years with CFS/ME, (3) conducted in Western Healthcare systems and (4) studies including a measure of recovery and time taken to recover.ResultsTwelve papers (10 studies) were identified, involving 826 patients (range 23–135). Recovery rates were highly varied, ranging between 4.5% and 83%.Eleven distinct definitions of recovery were used; six were composite outcomes while five used unidimensional outcomes. Outcome measures used to define recovery were highly heterogeneous. School attendance (n=8), fatigue (n=6) and physical functioning (n=4) were the most common outcomes included in definition of recovery. Only five definitions included a personal measure of recovery.ImplicationsDefinitions of recovery are highly variable, likely secondary to differences in study design, outcomes used, follow-up and study populations. Heterogeneous definitions of recovery limit meaningful comparison between studies, highlighting the need for a consensus definition going forward. Recovery is probably best defined from the child’s own perspective with a single self-reported measure. If composite measures are used for research, there should be agreement on the core outcome set used.
Short-term real-world outcomes following intravitreal brolucizumab for neovascular AMD: SHIFT study
Authors: Bulirsch Louisa Maria , Saßmannshausen Marlene , Nadal Jennifer , Liegl Raffael , Thiele Sarah , Holz Frank G 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundBrolucizumab has recently been approved in Europe as a novel treatment for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). We report on early experiences with real-world outcomes of switch to brolucizumab therapy in previously anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)-treated patients.MethodsPatients with recalcitrant nAMD were switched to brolucizumab therapy. Functional and structural parameters 4 weeks after first brolucizumab injection were evaluated including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA (logMAR)), foveal centre point (FCP (µm)), central subfield retinal thickness (CSRT (µm)) and macular volume (mm³).ResultsSixty-three eyes of 57 patients with nAMD (52.6% females) with a mean (±SD) age of 79.5±6.7 years were included. Mean change of BCVA was 0.03±0.14 logMAR (p=0.115). Significant reductions were recorded for FCP with a mean (±SD) change of −66.81±72.63 µm, −66.76±60.71 µm for CSRT and −0.27±0.24 mm³ for macular volume (all p<0.001). Intraocular inflammation was observed in seven eyes of seven patients, including one case of retinal vasculitis.ConclusionsThe results of the SHIFT study indicate that switch to brolucizumab may represent a treatment option in patients with nAMD poorly responsive to other anti-VEGF agents. Further long-term analyses appear prudent to assess efficacy and safety of brolucizumab in a routine clinical setting.
High rate of second ACL injury following ACL reconstruction in male professional footballers: an updated longitudinal analysis from 118 players in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study
Authors: Della Villa Francesco , Hägglund Martin , Della Villa Stefano , Ekstrand Jan , Waldén Markus 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundStudies on subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and career length in male professional football players after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are scarce.AimTo investigate the second ACL injury rate, potential predictors of second ACL injury and the career length after ACLR.Study designProspective cohort study.SettingMen’s professional football.Methods118 players with index ACL injury were tracked longitudinally for subsequent ACL injury and career length over 16.9 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis with HR was carried out to study potential predictors for subsequent ACL injury.ResultsMedian follow-up was 4.3 (IQR 4.6) years after ACLR. The second ACL injury rate after return to training (RTT) was 17.8% (n=21), with 9.3% (n=11) to the ipsilateral and 8.5% (n=10) to the contralateral knee. Significant predictors for second ACL injury were a non-contact index ACL injury (HR 7.16, 95% CI 1.63 to 31.22) and an isolated index ACL injury (HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.06 to 7.07). In total, 11 of 26 players (42%) with a non-contact isolated index ACL injury suffered a second ACL injury. RTT time was not an independent predictor of second ACL injury, even though there was a tendency for a risk reduction with longer time to RTT. Median career length after ACLR was 4.1 (IQR 4.0) years and 60% of players were still playing at preinjury level 5 years after ACLR.ConclusionsAlmost one out of five top-level professional male football players sustained a second ACL injury following ACLR and return to football, with a considerably increased risk for players with a non-contact or isolated index injury.
Systematic review of the concept ‘male involvement in maternal health’ by natural language processing and descriptive analysis
Authors: Galle Anna , Plaieser Gaëlle , Van Steenstraeten Tessa , Griffin Sally , Osman Nafissa Bique , Roelens Kristien , Degomme Olivier 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionExperts agree that male involvement in maternal health is a multifaceted concept, but a robust assessment is lacking, hampering interpretation of the literature. This systematic review aims to examine the conceptualisation of male involvement in maternal health globally and review commonly used indicators.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases were searched for quantitative literature (between the years 2000 and 2020) containing indicators representing male involvement in maternal health, which was defined as the involvement, participation, engagement or support of men in all activities related to maternal health.ResultsAfter full-text review, 282 studies were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in Africa (43%), followed by North America (23%), Asia (15%) and Europe (12%). Descriptive and text mining analysis showed male involvement has been conceptualised by focusing on two main aspects: psychosocial support and instrumental support for maternal health care utilisation. Differences in measurement and topics were noted according to continent with Africa focusing on HIV prevention, North America and Europe on psychosocial health and stress, and Asia on nutrition. One-third of studies used one single indicator and no common pattern of indicators could be identified. Antenatal care attendance was the most used indicator (40%), followed by financial support (17%), presence during childbirth (17%) and HIV testing (14%). Majority of studies did not collect data from men directly.DiscussionResearchers often focus on a single aspect of male involvement, resulting in a narrow set of indicators. Aspects such as communication, shared decision making and the subjective feeling of support have received little attention. We believe a broader holistic scope can broaden the potential of male involvement programmes and stimulate a gender-transformative approach. Further research is recommended to develop a robust and comprehensive set of indicators for assessing male involvement in maternal health.
Contact-tracing applications: a review of technologies
Authors: Nazayer Mohammad , Madanian Samaneh , Mirza Farhaan 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundUsing different technologies for healthcare-related purposes has been significantly accelerated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This outbreak highlighted the need for digital contact-tracing applications to effectively manage the pandemic by identifying positive case close contacts that might be the virus carriers.ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to examine design decisions related to COVID-19 contact-tracing applications and the implications of these decisions. This review can be a useful aid in navigating the existing approaches in COVID-19 digital contact tracing and their different aspects including the potential supported functions, privacy and security.MethodA narrative review was conducted using Google Scholar database from August to October 2020, limited to English language articles and reports published after 2010.Main outcomeDifferent technologies have been used for digital contact tracing. The choice of these technologies and their software architectures could influence different factors such as data collection accuracy and effectiveness of an application in identifying possible virus spread. Furthermore, different technologies require different levels of user interaction and have different security and privacy concerns which could potentially impact application adoption.ConclusionDigital contact tracing has been introduced as one of the easy and efficient methods to trace people in close contact with infected COVID-19 cases. This tracing could be an effective strategy to break the chain of infection transmission among people. However, based on the used technology and the software architecture, different contact-tracing applications offer different possible trade-offs that should be taken into account based on government’s objectives on contact tracing.
Development of the Prevent for Work questionnaire (P4Wq) for assessment of musculoskeletal risk in the workplace: part 1—literature review and domains selection
Authors: Langella Francesco , Christensen Steffan Wittrup McPhee , Palsson Thorvaldur Skuli , Høgh Morten , Gagni Nicolo , Bellosta-López Pablo , Christiansen David Høyrup , Delle Chiaie Mauro , Domenéch-García Victor , Johnston Venerina , Szeto Grace P Y , Villafañe Jorge Hugo , Herrero Pablo , Berjano Pedro 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to define appropriate domains and items for the development of a self-administered questionnaire to assess the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) and the risk of its progression to chronicity.DesignLiterature review and survey study.Setting and participantsA literature review and a two-round interview with 15 experts in musculoskeletal pain were performed to identify the available domains for WMSD assessment.Interventions and outcomeTo ensure quality, only validated questionnaires were included for the Delphi process. A three-round Delphi method, with three round steps, was used to select the most pertinent and relevant domains and items.ResultsNine questionnaires were identified through the expert discussion and literature review, comprising 38 candidate domains and 504 items. In the first round of the Delphi group, 17 domains reached more than 70% agreement and were selected. In the second round, 10 domains were rejected, while 11 were selected to complete the pool of domains. In the third and final round, 89 items belonging to 28 domains were defined as significant to develop a WMSDs risk assessment questionnaire.ConclusionsNo specific risk assessment questionnaires for WMSDs were identified from the literature. WMSD risk of presence and chronicity can be defined by an assessment tool based on the biopsychosocial model and the fear-avoidance components of chronic pain. The present study provides the formulation and operationalisation of the constructs in domains and items needed for developing and validating the questionnaire.
Compression hosiery to avoid post-thrombotic syndrome (CHAPS) protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN73041168)
Authors: Thapar Ankur , Lawton Rebecca , Burgess Laura , Shalhoub Joseph , Bradbury Andrew , Cullum Nicky , Epstein David , Gohel Manjit , Horne Robert , Hunt Beverley J , Norrie John , Davies A H 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionUp to 50% of patients develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after an above knee deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of graduated compression stockings in preventing PTS after DVT.Methods and analysisPragmatic, UK multicentre randomised trial in adults with first above knee DVT. The standard of care arm is anticoagulation. The intervention arm will receive anticoagulation plus stockings (European class II, 23–32 mm Hg compression) worn for a median of 18 months. The primary endpoint is PTS using the Villalta score. Analysis of this will be through a time to event approach and cumulative incidence at median 6, 12 and 18 months. An ongoing process evaluation will examine factors contributing to adherence to stockings to understand if and how the behavioural interventions were effective.Ethics and disseminationUK research ethics committee approval (reference 19/LO/1585). Dissemination though the charity Thrombosis UK, the Imperial College London website, peer-reviewed publications and international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN registration number 73041168.
Development of a core outcome set for congenital pulmonary airway malformations: study protocol of an international Delphi survey
Authors: Hermelijn Sergei , Kersten Casper , Mullassery Dhanya , Muthialu Nagarajan , Cobanoglu Nazan , Gartner Silvia , Bagolan Pietro , Mesas Burgos Carmen , Sgro Alberto , Heyman Stijn , Till Holger , Suominen Janne , Schurink Maarten , Desender Liesbeth , Losty Paul , Ertresvag Kjetil , Tiddens Harm A W M , Wijnen Rene M H , Schnater Marco 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionA worldwide lack of consensus exists on the optimal management of asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) even though the incidence is increasing. Either a surgical resection is performed or a wait-and-see policy is employed, depending on the treating physician. Management is largely based on expert opinion and scientific evidence is scarce. Wide variations in outcome measures are seen between studies making comparison difficult thus highlighting the lack of universal consensus in outcome measures as well. We aim to define a core outcome set which will include the most important core outcome parameters for paediatric patients with an asymptomatic CPAM.Methods and analysisThis study will include a critical appraisal of the current literature followed by a three-stage Delphi process with two stakeholder groups. One surgical group including paediatric as well as thoracic surgeons, and a non-surgeon group including paediatric pulmonologists, intensive care and neonatal specialists. All participants will score outcome parameters according to their level of importance and the most important parameters will be determined by consensus.Ethics and disseminationElectronic informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Ethical approval is not required. After the core outcome set has been defined, we intend to design an international randomised controlled trial: the COllaborative Neonatal NEtwork for the first CPAM Trial, which will be aimed at determining the optimal management of patients with asymptomatic CPAM.