bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Evidence of the Power Relations Between Domestic Workers and Their Employers in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Ntini Thobeka , Mulqueeny Delarise , Sewpaul Vishanthie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Across various intersectional lines, including race, class and gender, domestic work is profoundly exploitative than other comparable occupations. The private household, within which domestic workers (DWs) work and function, provides for a space of complex and nuanced dynamics of power. According to the International Labour Organization there are more than 65 million DWs in the world, and Africa is the third largest employer of DWs, with more than 5.2 million DWs reported. The inception of the Domestic Workers Convention (No. 189) (C189) in 2011 sought to protect DWs from all forms of exploitation and discrimination in the workplace, the convention brought global attention to the violation of their human rights and inequalities within the domestic work sector. Although there are more than 5.2 million DWs in Africa, 39/46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have not ratified this convention. Due to the extremely low ratification of the C189 and scanty evidence on the power relations between DWs and their employers in SSA, this scoping review is relevant to detect the extent and characteristics of domestic work in SSA since the introduction of C189 in September 2011.
Methods

The literature that will be included in this scoping review are published peer-reviewed articles, grey literature from relevant departmental websites, humanitarian organisations and theses. Electronic searches of databases and search engines such as Google, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, EBSCO Discovery Service, Scopus, World Bank and International Labour Organization (ILO) for literature published between September 2011-2021. Other search engines will include screening citations and references of appearing literature within the stipulated time period. All retrieved literature will be exported to an Endnote X9 library. Duplicate documents will be deleted prior to commencement of title screening. An adapted Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT), developed in a Google form, will be used by two reviewers to quality assess and describe all included studies (qualitative, mixed methods and quantitative).
Discussion

We anticipate mapping relevant literature on the power relations between domestic workers and their employers in sub-Saharan Africa. Once analysis and summary is finalised, the data will be useful to guide future research.
Perceptions and Experiences of Latinx Parents with Language Barriers in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zamor Ronine L. , Vaughn Lisa M. , McCann Erin , Sanchez Luisanna , Page Erica M. , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Prior research has shown disparities exist among Latinx children who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) for respiratory illnesses. Limited data exist regarding Latinx families’ perspectives on healthcare for their children in PEDs within non-traditional destination areas. Their perspective can identify areas of improvement for reducing healthcare disparities among pediatric patients within this population. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of Latinx families with language barriers in the PED. Methods: Study staff screened the electronic health records of a purposive sample of patients. Families were considered eligible for the study if they: 1) presented to the PED with their 0-2 year-old child for a respiratory illness, 2) affirmed that their preferred language was Spanish at triage, and 3) requested a Spanish interpreter during registration. Semi-structured, one-on-one qualitative interviews were conducted via telephone, audiotaped, translated, and transcribed. All transcripts were reviewed using a thematic analysis. Results: Interviews were conducted with 16 Latinx parents. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) Uncertainty - Families expressed uncertainty regarding how to care for a child with distressing symptoms, (2) Communication – Families favored in-person interpreters which enhanced communication and allowed families to feel more informed, (3) Resources – Families reported that the unfamiliarity with the US health system and lack of resources are additional burdens, and (4) Closure – The emergency department visits garnered confidence and reassurance for families. Conclusions: The PED can be a key area of the health system that can help reduce disparities among the Latinx population. Further areas of intervention should focus on support beyond providing access to an interpreter, including identifying potential provider bias, improving information delivery, and enhancing education on community resources for families who face language barriers in the PED.
Associations Between Student Behavior, Teacher Practice Delivery and Teacher Student Relationships: An Integrative Data Analytic Approach
Authors: Broda Michael , Granger Kristen , Sayers Robin , Washington-Nortey Melissa , Chow Jason , Sutherland Kevin , Conroy Maureen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study used integrative data analysis (IDA) to examine student teacher relationship profiles within student problem behavior, teacher delivered practices, and teacher-student relationships, and the influence of profiles on distal outcomes in early childhood and early elementary classrooms with students with or at risk for EBD. Typically, samples from these two age groups are considered separately, however, we use IDA procedures such as data harmonization to identify measures from three separate federally funded studies spanning ages (3-8) to examine these phenomena across these developmental ranges. Using an exploratory approach to latent profile analysis (LPA) and including Conflict, Closeness, Teacher Delivery of Practices, Social Skills, and Problem Behavior scores as indicators, we found significant evidence for the existence of four student teacher relationship profiles among our sample of 196 student-teacher dyads observed across three different datasets. These dyads roughly corresponded to what we describe as four different teacher-student interaction profiles: 1) Responsive, 2) Unresponsive, 3) Difficult, and 4) Challenging. Nearly 80 percent of dyads fell into profiles 1 or 3, with the remaining dyads split between profiles 2 and 4. Further, we found that profile membership did predict significant differences on most of the same measures observed at Time 2, in the Spring. Findings from the present study provide evidence that teacher student relationships in early childhood and elementary school classrooms are multifaceted and that transactional processes inherent in these relationships influence some outcomes at the end of the school year.
A Multi-Pronged Approach to Assessing Inflammatory Inhibitory Activity of a New Cyclic Alkaloid Compound from Root Bark of Ziziphus Nummularia (Aubrev.)
Authors: Ray Sarbani Dey , Das Nirupam , Ray Supratim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
[(16-methoxy-10-(3-methyl-butyl)-2-oxa-6, 9, 12-triaza-tricyclo [13.3.1.03, 7] nonadeca-1(18), 13, 15 (19), 16-tetraene-8, 11-Dione], a putative cyclic alkaloid compound (IC) isolated from the root bark of Ziziphus nummularia, showed potential anti-inflammatory potential. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) levels were measured in vitro to assess IC's potential. ADME simulations and molecular docking of IC by TNF- α receptor were also performed. The in vivo potentials of IC and ethanolic extract (EE) were investigated by assessing carrageenan-induced paw oedema and arachidonic acid/xylene-induced ear oedema. TNF-α inhibition was higher in IC than in others, with a maximal percent inhibition of 88.00 percent at 50.11 µM. IC generated hydrogen bonds with ASP 45 and GLN 47, according to in silico research. Carrageenan, xylene, and arachidonic acid-induced oedema were all significantly reduced by IC. As a result, IC may have clinical potential in the future treatment of inflammation.
Selection of Contrasting Parents for Drought Tolerance in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)
Authors: Grandón Nancy Gabriela , Martin Eugenia Alejandra , Cicconi Emanuel Mauro , Díaz Carolina del Pilar , Mamaní Eva María Celia , Moreno María Valeria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was select the best combination of contrasting parents to develop a mapping population for drought tolerance, based on phenotypic and genotypic data. Phenotyping was conducted in a greenhouse during 16 days at vegetative stage under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions. Traits evaluated were: gain of leaf area (GLA), total water use (TWU), net assimilation rate (NAR), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (TR) response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (slope and breakpoint). Genotyping was performed with 127 SSR markers and a cluster analyses was conducted. An important interaction was observed for NAR, WUE and breakpoint in the VPD response. Under WD conditions, all genotypes showed lower GLA and TWU, whereas NAR and WUE increased its values. All genotypes showed reduction of the slope and breakpoint in high VPD response on WD. PCA analysis explains the 80% of the total variability. PC1 discriminated HA89 and R419 due to a lower slope and higher breakpoint, while PC2 separated by water treatment based on the WUE and TWU values. Nighty nine SSR marker were amplified detecting 262 alleles. Cluster analyzes showed two main groups, one including HAR4 and B59 and the other one including five remaining genotypes. According to these results, only R419xHA64 and HA89xHAR4 had a greater genetic distance (1.08), besides a high polymorphism level between ILs (about 60%). Therefore, we conclude that these would be the best combination of contrasting parents to develop mapping populations for drought tolerance in sunflower.
Selective Etching of Silicon Nitride Over Silicon Oxide using ClF3/H2 Remote Plasma
Authors: Lee Won Oh , Kim Ki Hyun , Kim Doo San , Ji You Jin , Kang Ji Eun , Tak Hyun Woo , Park Jin Woo , Song Han Duck , Kim Ki Seok , Cho Byeong Ok , Kim Young Lae , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Precise and selective removal of silicon nitride in a SiNx/SiOy stack is crucial for a current 3D-NAND (not and) fabrication process. In this study, fast and ultra-high selective isotropic etching of SiNx have been studied using a ClF3/H2 remote plasma in an inductively coupled plasma system and a mechanism of SiNx etching was investigated by focusing on the role of Cl, F, and H radicals in the plasma. The SiNx etch rate over 800 Å/min with the etch selectivity of ~130 could be observed under a ClF3 remote plasma at a room temperature. Furthermore, compromising the etch rate of SiNx by adding H2 to the ClF3 plasma, the etch selectivity of SiNx over SiOy close to ~ 200 could be obtained. The etch characteristics of SiNx and SiOy with increasing the process temperature demonstrated the higher activation energy of SiOy compared to that of SiNx with ClF3 plasma.
Neuroprotective Effects of losartan and Captopril in an H2O2- Induced Neurotoxicity Model of Neuro-2A Cells
Authors: Firouzabadi Negar , Kiafar MohammadReza , Alimoradi Nahid , Keshtgar Sara , Mehdipour Fereshteh , Ghods Atri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses and knowledge about its pathophysiology will assist in smart treatment of depression. RAS is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance. Role of brain RAS has been highlighted in many mental and neurological disorders. Many drugs that target this system, such as ACEIs and ARBs, have shown positive effects on improving depression in clinical studies and animal models.Methods and results: Regarding the effectiveness RAS in depression, this study was conducted to compare the neuroprotective effects of ARB and ACEI drugs and common antidepressants on Neuro-2a cells. The cells were treated in the different concentrations of captopril, losartan, imipramine, and venlafaxine (1, 10, 50, 100 μM), after exposure to H2O2. Intracellular Ca2+ content, cell viability, SOD activity and ROS generation were measured in all groups. Our results show that cell viability of H2O2-treated cells was significantly increased in the presence of antihypertensive drugs. We observed a protective effect against ROS production in all drug groups in Neuro-2a cells. Losartan at all concentrations and captopril prevented cell damage caused by ROS. Cell death due to intracellular Ca2+, was significantly reduced with all antidepressant. At low concentrations of losartan and captopril cell death due to intracellular Ca2+was significantly reduced compared to the H2O2 group. Conclusions: Antihypertensive drugs, especially losartan can have neuroprotective effects and if approved in animal models, it may be used in the future as an adjunct in psychiatric diseases such as depression.
Production and Characterization Of Electroless Ni Coated Fe-Co Composite Using Powder Metallurgy In Microwave Furnace
Authors: YONETKEN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The specimens, magnetic properties materials, and microwave characteristics of Ni coated Fe and Co composites were researched by specimens produced by microwave furnace sintering at 1100°C temperature. A uniform nickel deposit on Fe-Co particles was coated previously to sintering by electroless coating deposition procedure. A composite consisting of quaternary additions, a metallic phase, Fe-Co inside of Ni matrix has been prepared under in a neutral atmosphere environment then microwave sintered. X-Ray Diffraction, SEM(Scanning-Electron-Microscope), Empedans Phase Analyzer were utilized to obtain structural data and to determine magnetic and electrical features such as dielectric and conductivity at the temperature range of 25-400C. The ferromagnetic resonance varied from 10 Hz to 1GHz and measurements were employed to characterize the features of the specimens. Empirical of findings obtained for the composition (Fe-%25Co)50Ni at 1100°C recommend that the best conductivity and hardness were obtained with 50Ni addition at a sintering temperature of 1100°C.
Minimization of Extraocular Muscle Damage in Thyroid Eye Disease Patients Following Surgery Based on Computerized Biomechanics
Authors: Jeong Byeong-Cheol , Lee Chi-Seung , Ryu Dong-man , Park Jungyul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background To evaluate the risk of general orbital decompression in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).Methods In this study, we replicated the behavior of intraorbital tissue in patients with TED based on finite element analysis. The orbit and intraorbital tissues of TED patient who underwent orbital decompression were modeled as finite element models. The stress was examined at a specific location of the removed orbital wall of a patient with TED who had undergone orbital decompression, and its variation was investigated and analyzed as a function of the shape and dimension (to be removed).Results In orbital decompression surgery which removes the orbital wall in a rectangular shape, the stress at the orbital wall decreased as the width and depth of the removed orbital wall increased. In addition, the stress of the non-chamfered model (a form of general orbital decompression) was higher than that of the chamfered model. Especially, in the case of orbital decompression, it can be seen that the chamfered model compared to the non-chamfered model have the stress reduction rate from 11.08% to 97.88%.Conclusions It is inferred that if orbital decompression surgery considering the chamfered model is performed on an actual TED patient, it is expected that the damage to the extraocular muscle caused by the removed orbital wall will be reduced.
Best Time Domain Features for Early Detection of Faults in Rotary Machines Using RAT and ANN
Authors: Al-SAAD Mohammed , Al-Mosallam MOHAMMED , Alsahlani Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The common mechanical defect of rotating machinery is bearing failure which is considered the most common failure mode in rotating machinery. This kind of failure can lead to large losses as financial during work. Early detection of different faults in rotating machines such as bearing fault, misalignment, and others is considered one of the techniques in which is achieved by further signal processing techniques. Thus, using statistical methods such as reverse arrangement tests (RAT) to obtain the best a feature associated with these different faults is the perfect solution to find the failure which is widespread in the early detection of a fault. This type of feature will be used in Artificial Neural networks (ANN) as input for auto diagnosis. These characteristics are independently associated with different types of fault. Using RAT is considered very important in the process of linking different kinds of failures with the most important features.
Successful Therapy in Cases Series of Systemic Autoinflammatory Disease and Literature Review
Authors: HU SHAOXIAN , YU MEI , HUANG XIAOWEI , XING RUI , YU YIKAI 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID) is a rare systemic auto-inﬂammatory and progressive disorders. There have been some reports with various therapies in SAID patients. The objective of this study is to describe the chareatercis of four cases of NAIDs beneﬁting from JAK 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib.Methods: We reported the four cases with SAID including two cases of Blau syndrome, one case of FMF and one case of FCAS3 syndrome. These four different patients were either resistant to currently available therapies or biologics were unaccessible during COVID-19 pandemic. We also conducted a systematic literature review about the current therapies of SAID.Results: Although genetically and phenotypically different, four cases of SAID that were treated with single use baricitinib 4 mg per day achieved improvement over eight weeks. We further identiﬁed 132 manuscripts providing more than 100 cases of SAID. Among these patients, 24 underwent biological treatments and 22 of them recovered. In these 132 manuscripts, 2 underwent JAK 1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib treatment and recovered fully.Conclusions: Case series study on the use of Jak inhibitor agents have yielded positive results in our study. For SAID patients baricitinib may be a better choice compared to injection biological treatments.
A Closed-Form Analytical Solution to the Complete Three-Dimensional Unsteady Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Amoloye Taofiq 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The three main approaches in fluid dynamics are actual experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical solutions. Numerical simulations and theoretical solutions are based on the continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) that govern experimental observations of fluid dynamics.Theoretical solutions can offer huge advantages over numerical solutions and experiments in the understanding of fluid flows and design. These advantages are in terms of cost and time consumption. However, theoretical solutions have been limited by the prized NSE problem that seeks a physically consistent solution than what classical potential theory (CPT) offers. Therefore, the current author refined CPT. He introduced refined potential theory (RPT) that provides a viscous potential/stream function as a physically consistent solution to the NSE problem. This function captures observable unsteady flow features including separation, wake, vortex shedding, compressibility, turbulence, and Reynolds-number-dependence. It appropriately combines the properties of a three-dimensional potential function that satisfy the inertia terms of NSE and the features of a stream function that satisfy the continuity equation, the viscous vorticity equation, and the viscous terms of NSE. RPT has been verified and validated against experimental and numerical results of incompressible unsteady sub-critical Reynolds number flows on stationary finite circular cylinder, sphere, and spheroid.
Aromatase Inhibitors and Contralateral Breast Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A long-term Follow-up
Authors: Shafaee Maryam Nemati , Goutsouliak Kristina , Lin Heather , Bevers Therese B , Gutierrez-Barrera Angelica , Bondy Melissa , Arun Banu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Deleterious BRCA mutations confer a significant lifetime risk of breast cancer (BC) as well as contralateral BC (CBC) in patients who do not undergo prophylactic mastectomy. Prior reports have suggested that tamoxifen reduces the risk of CBC in BRCA mutation carriers. Whether aromatase inhibitors (AI) have the same effect is unknown. Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with non-metastatic ER+ BC between 2004-2014 with known BRCA mutation status. Patients were followed from primary diagnosis until CBC diagnosis or death. Median follow up was 11.5 years. Risk of CBC was evaluated as time to event. Results: 935 subjects were included in this analysis, with 53 BRCA1 mutation carriers, and 94 BRCA2 mutation carriers. Median age at diagnosis was 42.7 years. Seventy-two percent (676) received tamoxifen and 43% (405) received AI. A total of 66 CBCs occurred, of which 10% (15/147) occurred in BRCA mutation carriers vs %6.5 (51/788) in BRCA wild type. Multivariate analyses indicated that BRCA status and AI use were significantly associated with CBC risk. AI use resulted in a significant reduction in risk of CBC (HR 0.44, p=0.004) regardless of the BRCA mutation status. Tamoxifen use was not associated with reduced risk of CBC. Conclusions: This is the first report showing that AIs reduce the risk of CBC in BRCA mutation carriers. The potential role of AIs as chemoprevention should be validated in larger independent cohorts.
Sustained Decline in Cigarette Consumption During COVID-19
Authors: Fosgaard Toke , Pizzo Alice , Sadoff Sally 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: An estimated 8 million people die every year due to tobacco use. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the health costs of smoking, which is a leading risk factor for more severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and death. The pandemic has also led to reductions in physical activity, increases in stress and declines in mental well-being, all factors commonly associated with triggering higher tobacco. Methods: Using a longitudinal data set of purchasing behavior from 2019-2020 among a national sample of the Danish population (n=4042), we estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis compares tobacco purchases prior to the pandemic to purchases during the pandemic, at the individual level. We also examine effects within subgroups based on smoking behavior in 2019 prior to the pandemic. We estimate effects for smokers and non-smokers. Within smokers, we separately estimate effects for occasional smokers and regular smokers. Results: We find large, sustained, decreases in tobacco consumption during COVID-19. We estimate that, controlling for price, weekly tobacco purchase rates decline by 24 percent and average quantities decline by 12 percent during the period spanning the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 through the end of the year. The declines are driven by regular smokers with little change in behavior among non-smokers or occasional smokers. Among regular smokers, purchase rates decline by about 30 percent, tobacco consumption declines by about 20 percent and quitting rates increase by about 10 percentage points. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with individuals responding to the increased health risks of smoking due to COVID-19 and suggest that the pandemic could lead to sustained reductions in tobacco consumption.