bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Retinal Architecture in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 and Correlation with Disease Severity
Authors: Rezende Filho Flávio Moura , Jurkute Neringa , de Andrade João Brainer Clares , Marianelli Bruna Ferraço , Ferraz Sallum Juliana M. , Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Barsottini Orlando G. , Pedroso José Luiz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegeneration affects the brain and peripheral nervous system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). As the retina is also involved, studying the retinal architecture in a cohort of patients could reveal clinically relevant biomarkers.ObjectiveThe aim is to investigate retinal architecture in SCA3 to identify potential biomarkers.MethodsWe evaluated 38 patients with SCA3 and 25 healthy age‐matched controls, who underwent visual acuity assessment, intraocular pressure measurement, and fundoscopy and macular and peripapillary spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). We measured the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in each quadrant of the temporal‐superior‐nasal‐inferior‐temporal chart and the macular layer thicknesses in each sector of the inner circle of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (IC‐ETDRS) grid. Linear regression analysis was employed to test the associations between retinal parameters and age, disease duration, CAG repeats, and SARA (Scale of the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia) and ICARS (International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale) scores in SCA3.ResultsIn all sectors, except for the temporal quadrant, pRNFL was significantly thinner in SCA3 patients than in controls. Average total macular, ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were significantly decreased in SCA3 patients in comparison to controls. The average total macular thickness and the average thicknesses of RNFL, GCL, and IPL negatively correlated with ICARS scores, whereas average GCL and IPL thicknesses negatively correlated with SARA scores.ConclusionsThe retinal ganglion cells, their dendrites, and axons are selectively affected in SCA3 patients. The RNFL, GCL, and IPL thicknesses in SD‐OCT correlate with the clinical phenotype and represent potential biomarkers for future clinical trials and natural history studies. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Magnetless nonreciprocal filtering diplexing antenna
Authors: Zang Jiawei , Wang Shouyuan , Pan Juan , An Shaogeng , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a magnetless nonreciprocal diplexing antenna that uses time modulation. The device combines the functions of diplexers, filters, isolators, and antennas in a highly integrated manner. The magnetless nonreciprocity response is achieved by applying time modulation to the resonators of the filtering structures. These resonators are implemented in quarter‐wavelength microstrip lines terminated with varactors that are time modulated by low‐frequency signals fed from Coplanar Waveguides built on the ground plane of the microstrip structure. A prototype multilayer patch antenna is fabricated, which is fed through two orthogonal feedlines and the radiating square patch is coupled by a square ring slot etched in the ground plane. The experimental results show that a gain of 4 dB, out‐of band rejection of 22 dB, in‐band isolation of 20 dB, and inter‐port isolation of 35 dB is obtained at both 1.5 GHz (lower band) and 1.8 GHz (higher band).
A micropolar isotropic plasticity formulation for non‐associated flow rule and softening featuring multiple classical yield criteria
Authors: Panteghini Andrea , Lagioia Rocco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Cosserat continuum is very effective in regularizing the ill‐posed governing equations of the Cauchy/Maxwell continuum. An elasto‐plastic constitutive model for the linear formulation of the Cosserat continuum is here presented, which features non‐associated flow, hardening/softening behaviour and multiple yield and plastic potential surfaces, whilst linear hyper‐elasticity is adopted to reproduce the recoverable response. For the definition of the yield and plastic potential functions, the equivalent von Mises stress is formulated using energy considerations and the theory of representations, the latter being also used to retrieve an expression for the Lode's angle. The recent Generalized classical criterion is then used to define the yield and plastic potential functions so that Lode's angle‐dependent deviatoric sections can be used.
On the equilibrium electrostatic potential and light‐induced charge redistribution in halide perovskite structures
Authors: Regaldo Davide , Bojar Aleksandra , Dunfield Sean P. , Lopez‐Varo Pilar , Frégnaux Mathieu , Dufoulon Vincent , Zhang Shan‐Ting , Alvarez José , Berry Joseph J. , Puel Jean‐Baptiste , Schulz Philip , Kleider Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskites are semiconductor materials which are employed as nonintentionally doped absorbers inserted between two selective carrier transport layers (SCTL), realizing a p‐i‐n or n‐i‐p heterojunction. In our study, we have developed and investigated a lateral device, based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) in which the p‐i‐n heterojunction develops in the horizontal direction. Our research suggests that the effective doping level in the MAPbI3 film should be very low, below 1012 cm−3. Along the vertical direction, this doping level is not enough to screen the electric field of the buried heterojunction with the SCTL. The perovskite work function is therefore affected by the work function of the SCTL underneath. From drift‐diffusion simulations, we show that intrinsic perovskite‐SCTL structures develop mV range surface photovoltages (SPVs) under continuous illumination. However, perovskite‐SCTL structures can develop SPVs of hundreds of mV, as confirmed by our measurements. We therefore analyzed the compatibility between low doping and low defect densities in the perovskite layer and such high SPV values using numerical modeling. It is shown that these high SPV values could originate from electronic processes due to large band offsets in the buried perovskite‐SCTL heterojunctions, or at the SCTL‐transparent conductive oxide (TCO) buried heterojunction. However, such electronic processes can hardly explain the long SPV persistence after switching off the illumination.
Investigation of the Phase Splitting Behaviour of U(VI) and Th(IV) loaded Trialkyl Phosphate Solvents in the Absence of Aqueous Phase
Authors: Sarkar Subramee , Ammath Suresh , Kirubananthan Subashree , Suneesh Asokan Sudha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP), a universally recognized solvent, has got lesser organic phase splitting or third phase formation tendency during the extraction of U(VI) as compared to tetravalent metal ions. Thus, the lighter members of trialkyl phosphates (TalP) (i. e.) tri‐n‐propyl phosphate (TPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) having higher third phase formation tendency would provide an opportunity to comprehend the aggregation of U(VI) loaded TalP solvents. As the above lighter TalPs exhibit higher aqueous solubility, the conventional measurement of third phase limit or Limiting Organic Concentration (LOC) by mixing organic and aqueous phases cannot be employed for the investigation of U(VI) third phase in TalPs. This has led to the development of a novel method to examine U(VI) third phase in aqueous soluble TalP solvent systems without aqueous feed solution. After validation, the newly developed method has then been utilized to determine the LOC for 1.1 M TPP in n‐alkane. The variation of extractant structure, diluent chain length, nature of metal ion and temperature on the third phase of 1.1 M TalP systems has been evaluated along with their molecular level understanding using Dynamic Light Scattering.
Recent Advances for the Synthesis of N‐Unsubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Efimov Ilya V. , Kulikova Larisa N. , Miftyakhova Almira R. , Matveeva Maria D. , Voskressensky Leonid G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPyrroles are an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds due to their widespread use both in medical chemistry and in the chemistry of new materials. Search and development of new effective methods for the synthesis of the pyrrole ring is an urgent task. Along with this, the systematization of already known synthesis methods is an equally important task. Herein, we focused on the results of the synthesis of NH‐pyrroles that have been obtained since 2015.
Novel Water Dispersible and Magnetically Recoverable Palladium Nano Catalyst for Room‐Temperature Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Mirmohammadi Soheil , Sansano Jose M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new magnetic composite comprising starch, imidazolium and triazol groups is used as a support for stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. This material has been characterized by different techniques showing the presence of small and uniform Pd nanoparticles in about 2 nm size. Measuring contact angle confirmed important role of starch on increasing hydrophilic nature of the catalyst. Using 0.05 mol% of this catalyst aryl iodides or bromides reacted with boronic acids at room temperature in aqueous media and the corresponding products are obtained in very good to excellent yields. Hot filtration and PVPy poisoning tests confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. E‐factor of the catalyst was found in acceptable range and close to green chemistry standards. This catalyst is magnetically recovered and recycled for 10 consecutive times with small decrease in activity. Also, the robustness of this catalytic system is demonstrated by the characterization of the reused catalyst.
Anion Complexation Strongly Influences the Reactivity of Octafluorocyclooctatetraene
Authors: Milagros Muriel‐Olaya M. , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSix stationary points (three minima and three TS) in the thermal energy profile of octafluorocyclooctatetraene (F8‐COT) have been explored. The TSs corresponding to the inversion process of F8‐COT and its transformation in perfluoro bicyclo[2.2.2]octa‐2,5,7‐triene (F8‐BOT) and subsequent to perfluoro tetracyclo[4.2.0.02.02,8,05,7]octene (F8‐TCO) have been characterized. The results have been compared to the energy profile in the parent compound (cyclooctatetraene or COT). In addition, the effect of the formation of anion‐π complexes in the reaction profile has been explored. The results have been rationalized using the electrostatic potential of the isolated stationary points and thermodynamic cycles involving the complex formation in the minima and TS and the barriers in the isolated molecules. Moreover, the electron density has been analyzed with the AIM methodology.
Size‐Transformable Bicomponent Peptide Nanoparticles for Deep Tumor Penetration and Photo‐Chemo Combined Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Ma Teng , Chen Rong , Lv Niannian , Chen Yu , Qin Huiming , Jiang Hao , Zhu Jintao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe suitable size of multifunctional nanomedicines strongly influences their physicochemical properties and actions in biological systems, for example, prolonged blood circulation time, efficient tumor accumulation, and deep tumor penetration. However, it is still a great challenge to construct size‐transformable nanoparticles (NPs) for both efficient accumulation and penetration throughout tumor tissue. Herein, a size‐transformed multifunctional NP is developed through a simple bicomponent assembling strategy for enhanced tumor penetration and efficient photo‐chemo combined antitumor therapy, due to the acidic tumor microenvironment and near infrared‐laser irradiation induced size‐shrink. This multifunctional bicomponent NP (PP NP) driven by electrostatic interaction is composed of negatively charged peptide amphiphile (PA1) and positively charged peptide prodrug (PA2). PP NPs (≈170 nm) have been proven to improve blood circulation time and stability in biological environments. Interestingly, PP NPs can reassemble small NPs (<30 nm) by responding to acidic tumor microenvironment and near‐infrared laser irradiation, which facilitates deep tumor penetration and improves cellular internalization. By integrating fluorescence imaging, tumor targeting, deep tumor penetration, and combined photo‐chemotherapy, PP NPs exhibit excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy. This study might provide an insight for developing a bicomponent assembling system with efficient tumor penetration and multimode for antitumor therapy.
Unpacking Language Teacher Educators’ Expertise: A Complexity Theory Perspective
Authors: Yuan Rui , Yang Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInformed by the perspective of complexity theory, this study seeks to explore two English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) teacher educators’ expertise in Hong Kong. Drawing on data from interviews, field observation, and informal communication over one academic year, the study revealed that the teacher educators' expertise entailed different components: 1) a dialogic teaching approach informed by research‐based and contextualized knowledge; 2) emotional intelligence for maintaining personal emotional wellbeing and channeling emotions for effective teaching; 3) a reflective and agentive mindset for continuous learning; as well as 4) willingness and capacity to promote and distribute expertise in multiple communities. The participants’ expertise functioned and transformed through their continuing engagement in different forms of teacher education practice, influenced by their personal beliefs and situated contexts. The study concludes with practical implications for language teacher educators on how to develop their expertise as a complex, adaptive, and evolving system in daily practice.
Mimicking focal epileptic seizures‐episodic pain due to a facial foreign body in a puppy: Imaging characteristics and treatment
Authors: De Bonis Andrea , Marsh Oliver , Stabile Fabio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 4‐month‐old female entire Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was referred for investigation into a 3‐week history of suspected focal onset seizures, characterised by head nodding and eyelid twitching. An inflammatory soft‐tissue reaction surrounding a suspected foreign body (FB) in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles at the level of the left maxilla in the caudal aspect of the left maxillary second molar was detected using MRI. The presence of the FB was confirmed ultrasonographically. This was found to be a grass seed upon surgical removal. The previously reported clinical signs resolved immediately after the surgery. It was suspected that the FB and secondary inflammatory reaction incited a form of trigeminal neuralgia manifesting as paroxysmal head nodding and facial twitching. A form of trigeminal neuralgia should be included in the differential diagnosis of facial focal motor seizures and should be investigated accordingly before initiating any antiepileptic treatment.
Soil moisture and electrical conductivity relationships under typical Loess Plateau land covers
Authors: Turkeltaub Tuvia , Wang Jiao , Cheng Qinbo , Jia Xiaoxu , Zhu Yuanjun , Shao Ming‐An , Binley Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVegetation changes that are driven by soil conservation measures significantly affect subsurface water flow patterns and soil water status. Much research on water consumption and sustainability of newly introduced vegetation types at the plot scale has been done in the Loess Plateau of China (LPC), typically using local scale measurements of soil water content (SWC). However, information collected at the plot scale cannot readily be up‐scaled. Geophysical methods such as electromagnetic induction (EMI) offer large spatial coverage and, therefore, could bridge between the scales. A noninvasive, multicoil, frequency domain, EMI instrument was used to measure the apparent soil electrical conductivity (σa) from six effective depths under four typical land‐covers (shrub, pasture, natural fallow, and crop) in the north of the LPC. Concurrently, SWC was monitored to a depth of 4 m using an array of 44 neutron probes distributed along the plots. The measurements of σa for six effective depths and the integrated SWC over these depths, show consistent behavior. High variability of σa under shrub cover, in particular, is consistent with long term variability of SWC, highlighting the potential unsustainability of this land cover. Linear relationships between SWC and σa were established using cumulative sensitivity forward models. The conductivity–SWC model parameters show clear variation with depth despite lack of appreciable textural variation. This is likely related to the combined effect of elevated pore water conductivity as was illustrated by the simulations obtained with water flow and solute transport models. The results of the study highlight the potential for the implementation of the EMI method for investigations of water distribution in the vadose zone of the LPC, and in particular for qualitative mapping of the vulnerability to excessive vegetation demands and hence, unsustainable land cover.
A Symmetric F−H−F Hydrogen Bond in Strontium Bifluoride, Sr[HF2]2
Authors: Stene Riane E. , Graubner Tim , Ivlev Sergei I. , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle crystal X‐ray diffraction shows the hydrogen bond within the [F−H−F]− anion of Sr[HF2]2 to be symmetric with H−F bond lengths of 1.143(5) Å and an intramolecular F⋅⋅⋅F distance of 2.2826(18) Å. The [HF2]− anion adopts crystallographic C2‐symmetry, however, it is essentially linear with a F−H−F angle of 174(4)°. Solid‐state quantum chemical calculations agree with the experimental findings, showing a slightly bent F−H−F angle of 177.8°. The decomposition of Sr[HF2]2 to SrF2 and HF is endothermic by +64 kJ/mol at room temperature. The bonding in the [F−H−F]− anion is clearly ionic both in the solid state and gas phase.
Symmetries and conformal bridge in Schwarschild-(A)dS black hole mechanics
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Livine Etera R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that the Schwarzschild-(A)dS black hole mechanics possesses a hidden symmetry under the three-dimensional Poincaré group. This symmetry shows up after having gauge-fixed the diffeomorphism invariance in the symmetry-reduced homogeneous Einstein-Λ model and stands as a physical symmetry of the system. It dictates the geometry both in the black hole interior and exterior regions, as well as beyond the cosmological horizon in the Schwarzschild-dS case. It follows that one can associate a set of non-trivial conserved charges to the Schwarzschild-(A)dS black hole which act in each causally disconnected regions. In T-region, they act on fields living on spacelike hypersurface of constant time, while in R-regions, they act on time-like hypersurface of constant radius. We find that while the expression of the charges depend explicitly on the location of the hypersurface, the charge algebra remains the same at any radius in R-regions (or time in T-regions). Finally, the analysis of the Casimirs of the charge algebra reveals a new solution-generating map. The $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}\right) $$
sl

2
ℝ

Casimir is shown to generate a one-parameter family of deformation of the black hole geometry labelled by the cosmological constant. This gives rise to a new conformal bridge allowing one to continuously deform the Schwarzschild-AdS geometry to the Schwarzschild and the Schwarzschild-dS solutions.
Towards low-cost machine learning solutions for manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Kaiser Jan , Terrazas German , McFarlane Duncan , de Silva Lavindra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is increasingly used to enhance production systems and meet the requirements of a rapidly evolving manufacturing environment. Compared to larger companies, however, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lack in terms of resources, available data and skills, which impedes the potential adoption of analytics solutions. This paper proposes a preliminary yet general approach to identify low-cost analytics solutions for manufacturing SMEs, with particular emphasis on ML. The initial studies seem to suggest that, contrarily to what is usually thought at first glance, SMEs seldom need digital solutions that use advanced ML algorithms which require extensive data preparation, laborious parameter tuning and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying problem. If an analytics solution does require learning capabilities, a ‘simple solution’, which we will characterise in this paper, should be sufficient.
Cybernetics, operations research and information theory at the Ulm School of Design and its influence on Latin America
Authors: Oswald David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Chilean Cybersyn project, an attempt to manage a nation’s economy by cybernetic methods, has evoked more and more interest in recent years. The project’s design lead and several team members were alumni of the Ulm School of Design—an institution that has been labelled “Bauhaus successor” and today is famous for a no-arts and method-led design approach with strong societal aspirations. The school also influenced the emerging design discipline in Latin America during the 1960s and 70s. This article reviews topics in the Ulm curriculum that influenced “Ulmian” thinking, but often remained unnoticed in design centred publications. Cybernetics, Operations Research and Information Theory and their relation to design are discussed and the related scholars are portrayed critically.