bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of an in‐scanner smoking lapse paradigm to examine the neural correlates of lapses
Authors: Lydon‐Staley David M. , MacLean R. Ross , Falk Emily B. , Bassett Danielle S. , Wilson Stephen J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuitting smoking is notoriously difficult. Models of nicotine dependence posit that strength of cognitive control contributes to maintaining smoking abstinence during smoking cessation attempts. We examine the role for large‐scale functional brain systems associated with cognitive control in smoking lapse using a novel adaption of a well‐validated behavioral paradigm. We use data from 17 daily smokers (five females) after 12 h of smoking abstinence. Participants completed up to 10 sequential 5‐min functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) runs, within a single scanning session. After each run, participants decided whether to stay in the scanner in order to earn additional money or to terminate the session in order to smoke a cigarette (i.e., lapse) and forego additional monetary reward. Cox regression results indicate that decreased segregation of the default mode system from the frontoparietal system undermines the ability to resist smoking. This study demonstrates the feasibility of modifying an established behavioral model of smoking lapse behavior for use in the neuro imaging environment, and it provides initial evidence that this approach yields valuable information regarding fine‐grained, time‐varying changes in patterns of neural activity in the moments leading up to a decision to smoke. Specifically, results lend support to the hypothesis that the time‐varying interplay between large‐scale functional brain systems associated with cognitive control is implicated in smoking lapse behavior.
230Th derived glacial to Holocene sediment fluxes in the southern Arabian Sea: insights into carbonate sedimentation
Authors: Sukumaran Neethu P. , Borole Dnyandev V. 
Published: January 2021

We present a record of glacial to Holocene 230Thxs normalized sediment mass fluxes for a site located on the eastern flank of the Carlsberg Ridge, Arabian Sea to evaluate carbonate burial, preservation and surface ocean changes spanning the last 38 ka. Sediment fluxes (0.81–3.70 g cm−2 ka−1) indicate dominant carbonate rain (0.44–1.83 g cm−2 ka−1), followed by 232Th‐based lithogenic flux (0.36–1.42 g cm−2 ka−1), with higher fluxes during the Holocene and the late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and extremely low fluxes during MIS 2. Despite large variations in sediment mass fluxes, the average flux of 230Thxs scavenged over the last 38 ka remained nearly constant. In contrast, the large variations in the initial 230Thxs activity display the effect of variable dilution by the carbonate flux. Analysis of 232Th‐based lithogenic flux documents a dominant fluvial source and links its variability to changing SW monsoon precipitation in the Indus source region. Comparison of the last 38 ka carbonate flux record with the present‐day carbonate flux intercepted at the closest mooring at 3915 m depth demonstrates burial efficiency of 80 to 99% to the seabed during the Holocene and late MIS 3 and 53% for the MIS 2. Calculated carbonate preservation efficiency relative to the trapped upper ocean carbonate flux provides evidence for a productivity control of the preserved carbonate flux, which indicates high preservation during the Holocene (63±10%), and MIS 3 (77±24%) and low during MIS 2 (41±15%). Our results suggest that the eastern flank of Carlsberg Ridge experienced enhanced carbonate production during the Holocene and MIS 3 compared to MIS 2. We suggest that changing oceanographic conditions in near‐surface waters have changed the carbonate supply to the sea floor accounting for the glacial to Holocene pattern with increased supply due to the intensified SW monsoon and reduced input associated with the weakened SW monsoon.
Seasonal isotopic niche of a rodent: High between‐individual variation but no changes in individual niche width during the rich‐resource period
Authors: de Camargo Nícholas F. , Reis Guilherme G. , Camargo Anna Carla L. , Nardoto Gabriela B. , Kneitel Jamie M. , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of trophic niche width in animals at both population level and individual level is potentially influenced by temporal variation of food resources, by between‐individual differences in food‐resource rank preferences, and also by competition. Using stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15 N) of fecal samples, we investigated the trophic niche dynamics and individual variation in food‐resource use by the arboreal rat Rhipidomys macrurus, in the highly seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). We tested the hypothesis that dietary niche expansion during the rich‐resource period (wet season) occurs via individual specialization and consequently lower individual niche overlap in contrast with niche retraction during the low‐resource period (dry season) via increase in niche overlap and expansion of individual niches. The results indicated that R. macrurus is primarily frugivorous and presents a wider isotopic niche in the rich‐resource period in comparison with the low‐resource period. The increase in niche width was achieved by individual specialization (decrease in niche overlap), as expected. During the low‐resource period, however, individual niche widths were not wider than during the rich‐resource period. Additionally, individual body condition was lower in the wet season than in the dry season, suggesting higher competition in this period. We conclude that an increase in the population niche may involve only between‐individual variation and not necessarily requiring changes in individual niche width. We propose that the combination of ecological opportunity (high resource diversity) in addition to a greater competition in the warm–wet season leads to expansion of the population trophic niche width via individual specialization.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Off‐farm employment in aquaculture: A case study of New England's oyster growers
Authors: Cole Avery , Chen Xuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal aquaculture markets have experienced a great deal of recent success. However, growers are still highly susceptible to risks caused by seasonality, interannual variability in earnings, and environmental factors. As a result, we see growers turning to alternative sources of income, and participating in off‐farm labor. We utilize a series of zero‐inflated count models to examine the relationship between an aquaculture grower's off‐farm labor decision and relevant explanatory variables including demand‐side potency, which is often omitted in the literature. We also look to identify and analyze the importance of professional social networks among growers as a stabilizing mechanism and a way to mitigate risk to growers. This study expands upon an economic model that has traditionally been used for analyzing off‐farm labor choices within an agricultural context and applies it to an increasingly important industry, aquaculture.
Open Access and Academic Freedom: Teasing Out Some Important Nuances
Authors: Anderson Rick 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTDiscussion of the ways in which open access (OA) and academic freedom interact is fraught for a number of reasons, not least of which is the unwillingness of some participants in the discussion to acknowledge that OA might have any implications for academic freedom at all. Thus, any treatment of such implications must begin with foundational questions. Most basic among them are: first, what do we mean by ‘open access’; second, what do we mean by ‘academic freedom’? The answers to these questions are not as obvious as one might expect (or hope), but when they are answered it becomes much easier to address a third, also very important, question: in what ways might OA and academic freedom interact? With every new OA mandate imposed by a government agency, institution of higher education, or funding organization, careful analysis of this issue becomes more urgent. This article attempts to sort out some of these issues, controversies and confusions.
Open Access, Plan S and ‘Radically Liberatory’ Forms of Academic Freedom
Authors: Moore Samuel A. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis opinion piece interrogates the position that open access policies infringe academic freedom. Through an analysis of the objections to open access policies (specifically Plan S) that draw on academic freedom as their primary concern, the article illustrates the shortcomings of foregrounding a negative conception of academic freedom that primarily seeks to protect the fortunate few in stable academic employment within wealthy countries. Although Plan S contains many regressive and undesirable elements, the article makes a case for supporting its proposal for zero‐embargo repository‐based open access as the basis for a more positive form of academic freedom for scholars around the globe. Ultimately, open access publishing only makes sense within a project that seeks to nurture this positive conception of academic freedom by transforming higher education towards something more socially just and inclusive of knowledge producers and consumers worldwide.
Development of platelet replacement therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Nakamura Sou , Sugimoto Naoshi , Eto Koji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the body, platelets mainly work as a hemostatic agent, and the lack of platelets can cause serious bleeding. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells potentially allow for a stable supply of platelets that are independent of donors and eliminate the risk of infection. However, a major challenge in iPS cell‐based systems is producing the number of platelets required for a single transfusion (more than 200 billion in Japan). Thus, development in large‐scale culturing technology is required. In previous studies, we generated a self‐renewable, immortalized megakaryocyte cell line by transfecting iPS cell‐derived hematopoietic progenitor cells with c‐MYC, BMI1, and BCL‐XL genes. Optimization of the culture conditions, including the discovery of a novel fluid‐physical factor, turbulence, in the production of platelets in vivo, and the development of bioreactors that apply turbulence have enabled us to generate platelets of clinical quality and quantity. We have further generated platelets deleted of HLA class I expression by using genetic modification technology for patients suffering from alloimmune transfusion refractoriness, since these patients are underserved by current blood donation systems. In this review, we highlight current research and our recent work on iPS cell‐derived platelet induction.
Multiple abnormalities in permanent incisors diagnosed six years after a severe intrusive injury in the primary dentition: A case report
Authors: Chouchene Farah , Mabrouk Rihab , Masmoudi Fatma , Baaziz Ahlem , Maatouk Fethi , Ghedira Hichem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere intrusion injuries of primary teeth are frequently associated with serious developmental disorders. This report describes the diagnostic procedures and the multidisciplinary approach for multiple sequelae to permanent incisors due to a severe intrusive injury of the primary maxillary anterior teeth at the age of 18 months in a 7‐year‐old girl. Clinical examination revealed hypoplasia of tooth 22, and radiographic examination showed crown‐root malformation of tooth 21, impaction of tooth 11, and the presence of an odontoma‐like malformation on tooth 12. The affected tooth 12 had a poor prognosis, as highlighted by CBCT, and it was extracted. While for the impacted 11, a surgical extraction followed by an orthodontic treatment is scheduled. Aesthetic and functional problems were solved by a functional space maintainer using a removable partial denture.The occurrence of multiple abnormalities in permanent teeth as a result of intrusive injuries in the primary dentition enhances the need for creating awareness among dentists not only of the importance of appropriate immediate management of trauma but also of the importance of establishing a long‐term follow up and subsequent management of any sequelae.
The motivation and confidence in choosing dentistry as a career amongst dental students: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Khalaf Mai E. , Abubakr Neamat H. , Alenezi Hanadi , Ziada Hassan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesAn insight into students’ motivation and confidence in the choice of entering and remaining in dental education is essential. The understanding of how choices are made can help universities in the planning of admission policies. This study aimed to evaluate the career choice influences, motivation and confidence in the choices made into dental education.MethodsA mixed‐method design was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred seventy‐three questionnaires were distributed to all registered dental students, with a response rate of 85%. The questionnaire explored students’ demographics and factors that influenced their career choice. Seven focus groups were facilitated with related data recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsThe quantitative data revealed the desire to help others, and socioeconomic factors were influential, whilst for parents’ influence, the mother's influence was statistically significant. Qualitatively, results converged and complemented quantitative data; there was a balance between helping others and socioeconomic and familial influences. There was an increase in confidence in the choice made as students advanced in their dental education. The results indicate that informed awareness of the dental programme structure is essential before embarking on a dental career.ConclusionsThe factors that impacted on choice were helping others, socioeconomic factors and the influence on choice from family. They were generally satisfied with their choice and were confident in the choice they made. This confidence, however, was not reflected until the more advanced clinical stages of their dental education.
Macroecological context predicts species' responses to climate warming
Authors: Lynn Joshua S. , Klanderud Kari , Telford Richard J. , Goldberg Deborah E. , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContext‐dependencies in species' responses to the same climate change frustrate attempts to generalize and make predictions based on experimental and observational approaches in biodiversity science. Here, we propose predictability may be enhanced by explicitly incorporating macroecological context into analyses of species' responses to climate manipulations. We combined vascular plant species' responses to an 8‐year, 12‐site turf transplant climate change experiment set in southwestern Norway with climate niche data from the observed 151 species. We used the difference between a species' mean climate across their range and climate conditions at the transplant site (“climate differences”) to predict colonization probability, extinction probability, and change in abundance of a species at a site. In analyses across species that ignore species‐specific patterns, colonization success increased as species' distribution optima were increasingly warmer than the experimental target site. Extinction probability increased as species' distribution optima were increasingly colder than the target site. These patterns were reflected in change in abundance analyses. We found weak responses to increased precipitation in these oceanic climates. Climate differences were better predictors of species' responses to climate manipulations than range size. Interestingly, similar patterns were found when analyses focused on variation in species‐specific responses across sites. These results provide an experimental underpinning to observational studies that report thermophilization of communities and suggest that space‐for‐time substitutions may be valid for predicting species' responses to climate warming, given other conditions are accounted for (e.g., soil nutrients). Finally, we suggest that this method of putting climate change experiments into macroecological context has the potential to generalize and predict species' responses to climate manipulations globally.
Effect of family history of atrial fibrillation on recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation: A report from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study
Authors: Wu Zhuanzhuan , Jiang Chao , Li Jingye , Du Jing , Bai Yu , Guo Xueyuan , Wang Wei , Li Songnan , Jiang Chenxi , Liu Nian , Tang Ribo , Bai Rong , Sang Caihua , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Ma Changsheng , Dong Jianzeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the impact of family history of atrial fibrillation (FAF) on postablation atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence.MethodsAll the 8198 patients undergoing initial AF ablation registered in the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study were analyzed. FAF was defined as having first‐degree relatives diagnosed as AF at age 65 years or younger, and before the time the case in this study was diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the impact of FAF on postablation AT recurrence. Age, sex, body mass index, AF type, history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack/systemic embolism, vascular diseases, use of contact force‐sensing catheter, and completion of high school were adjusted. The definition of AT recurrence was any documented AF, atrial flutter, or AT lasting more than or equal to 30 s after 3 months blanking period.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 26.2 ± 19.6 months, 318 out of the 645 patients (49.3%) with FAF and 3339 out of the 7553 patients (44.2%) without FAF experienced AT recurrence, corresponding to annual recurrence rates of 22.8% and 20.2%, respectively. Patients with FAF had a significant higher risk of AT recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio 1.129, 95% confidence interval 1.005–1.267) in multivariable analysis. Moreover, FAF had a significant higher impact on AT recurrence in the subgroup of patients diagnosed with AF at age 50 years or younger (p for interaction = .036).ConclusionFAF is a risk factor for postablation AT recurrence. This is especially true in those with AF diagnosed at 50 years or younger.
Parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor regulates osteosarcoma K7M2 Cell growth by interacting with angiotensinogen
Authors: Li Shenglong , Liu Fei , Pei Yi , Dong Yujin , Shang Yaohua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the interactions between parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) and the effects of these agents on osteosarcoma (OS). We constructed a stably transfected mouse OS K7M2 cell line (shPTHR1‐ K7M2) using shRNA and knocked down AGT in these cells using siRNA‐AGT. The transfection efficiency and expression of AGT, chemokine C‐C motif receptor 3 (CCR3), and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 9 (CCL9) were determined using real‐time quantitative PCR. Cell viability and colony formation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and crystal violet staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle phases were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays. Interference with PTHR1 upregulated the expression of AGT and CCR3, and downregulated that of CCL9, which was further downregulated by AGT knockdown. Cell viability, migration, invasion and colony formation were significantly decreased, while cell apoptosis was significantly increased in shPTHR1‐K7M2, compared with those in K7M2 cells (P < .05 for all). However, AGT knockdown further inhibited cell viability after 72 h of culture but promoted cell migration and invasion. PTHR1 interference decreased and increased the numbers of cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively, compared with those in K7M2 cells. Angiotensinogen knockdown increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase compared with that in the shPTHR1‐K7M2 cells. Therefore, PTHR1 affects cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and colony formation, possibly by regulating AGT/CCL9 in OS cells.
Going the Extra Mile: Effort by Workers and Job‐Seekers
Authors: HERTWECK MATTHIAS S. , LEWIS VIVIEN , VILLA STEFANIA 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the search‐and‐matching model, equilibrium indeterminacy obtains when wages respond strongly to a labor market tightening, and hiring is very elastic. We introduce two types of effort into such a model. Variable labor effort gives rise to short‐run increasing returns to hours in production. This amplifies profit expectations and firms' hiring incentives expanding the indeterminacy region. Variable search effort makes workers search more intensively in a tighter labor market. The procyclical nature of the resource cost of searching stabilizes firms' inclination to hire, shrinking the indeterminacy region. Indeterminacy disappears completely when vacancy posting costs are replaced with hiring costs.
The evolution of leukaemia from pre‐leukaemic and leukaemic stem cells
Authors: Shlush L. I. , Feldman T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHaematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are defined as unspecialized cells that give rise to more differentiated cells. In a similar way, leukaemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) are defined as unspecialized leukaemic cells, which can give rise to more differentiated cells. Leukaemic cells carry leukaemic mutations/variants and have clear differentiation abnormalities. Pre‐leukaemic HSPCs (PreL‐HSPCs) carry pre‐leukaemic mutations/variants (pLMs) and are capable of producing mature functional cells, which will carry the same variants. Under the roof of LSPCs, one can find a broad range of cell types genetic and disease phenotypes. Present‐day knowledge suggests that this phenotypic heterogeneity is the result of interactions between the cell of origin, the genetic background and the microenvironment background. The combination of these attributes will define the LSPC phenotype, frequency, differentiation capacity and evolutionary trajectory. Importantly, as LSPCs are leukaemia‐initiating cells that sustain clinical remission and are the source of relapse, an improved understanding of LSPCs phenotype would offer better clinical opportunities for the treatment and hopefully prevention of human leukaemia. The current review will focus on LSPCs attributes in the context of human haematologic malignancies.