bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
30 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung hat das Bruttoinlandsprodukt als Indikator ausgedient
Authors: Holtemöller Oliver 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Vergleich der Lebensverhältnisse in Ost- und Westdeutschland orientiert sich häufig am Bruttoinlandsprodukt je Einwohner:in. Dieses Maß ist jedoch für sich genommen kein guter Wohlfahrtsindikator. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass gemessen am Bruttoinlandsprodukt je Einwohner:in in absehbarer Zukunft keine wesentliche weitere Angleichung der Wirtschaftskraft in Ost- und Westdeutschland mehr stattfinden wird. Denn die Altersstruktur Ostdeutschlands, d. h. das Verhältnis von Erwerbstätigenzahl zu Einwohnerzahl, ist ungünstiger als im Westen. Betrachtet man hingegen wichtige Wohlfahrtsindikatoren wie Konsummöglichkeiten, Lebenserwartung, Freizeit und Einkommensungleichheit, so sind die Lebensverhältnisse in Ost- und Westdeutschland ähnlicher als das Bruttoinlandsprodukt je Einwohner:in suggeriert. In den Debatten über den Aufholprozess Ostdeutschlands sollte daher stärker auf die Arbeitsproduktivität als Maß für die Wirtschaftskraft und auf andere Wohlfahrtsindikatoren als Maß für die Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse abgestellt werden.
Ostdeutschland gestern und morgen
Authors: Marin Dalia 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm November 2019 feierte Deutschland 30 Jahre Fall der Berliner Mauer. Die Stimmung ist düster. Heute betrachten sich zwei Drittel der Ostdeutschen als Bürger:innen zweiter Klasse wie aus einer Umfrage des Allensbach Institut für Demoskopie hervorgeht. Der Konvergenzprozess zwischen östlichem und westlichem Deutschland ist zum Stillstand gekommen und scheint sich umzukehren. Ostdeutsche wählen heute anders, denken anders und fühlen anders. Deutschland ist ein Land mit zwei Seelen.
Aufbau Ost: Lief da etwas falsch?
Authors: Pohl Rüdiger 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas sozialistische Wirtschaftssystem der DDR brach 1990 zusammen. Nach der Wiedervereinigung war es das Kernziel des Aufbaus Ost, einen Wirtschaftssektor in Ostdeutschland (der ehemaligen DDR) zu schaffen, der im internationalen Wettbewerb bestehen kann. Die ehemaligen sozialistischen Betriebe wurden privatisiert oder geschlossen. Der Staat hat Investitionen durch Subventionen massiv gefördert. Ostdeutschland hat heute eine Wirtschaftsleistung, die mit der von großen Teilen Westdeutschlands vergleichbar ist. Besonders bemerkenswert ist, dass die allgemeinen Lebensbedingungen in Ostdeutschland heute denen im Westen ähnlich sind. Der Aufbau Ost hat erreicht, was erreicht werden konnte.
Role of Bempedoic Acid in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ballantyne Christie M. , Bays Harold , Catapano Alberico L. , Goldberg Anne , Ray Kausik K. , Saseen Joseph J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany patients do not achieve optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with statins alone; others are unable to tolerate statin therapy. Additional non-statin treatment options including ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, and bile acid sequestrants are often necessary to further reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review provides practical guidance as to the use of bempedoic acid to lower LDL-C and includes direction as to which patients may benefit and advice for safety monitoring during treatment. Bempedoic acid, a new class of agent, is a prodrug converted to bempedoyl-CoA by very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1, an enzyme with high expression in the liver but that is undetectable in the skeletal muscle. Bempedoic acid inhibits the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-citrate lyase, which lies two steps upstream from β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In clinical trials conducted in patients with or at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia, bempedoic acid in combination with statins and/or ezetimibe significantly reduced LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with placebo. Bempedoic acid is generally well tolerated with no clinically meaningful increase in muscle-related symptoms relative to placebo, even in patients taking maximally tolerated statins. A small increase in serum uric acid (mean increase 0.8 mg/dL) is the most noteworthy adverse effect. Bempedoic acid provides an effective and generally well-tolerated medication to further reduce LDL-C in patients taking maximally tolerated statins or manage LDL-C levels in those who are unable to take statins. The potential for a reduced incidence of major cardiovascular events with bempedoic acid is being investigated in the CLEAR Outcomes trial, with results expected in 2023.
Astroglial Knockout of Glucocorticoid Receptor Attenuates Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms, but Not Antinociception and Tolerance in Mice
Authors: Tertil Magdalena , Skupio Urszula , Kudla Lucja , Wiktorowska Lucja , Przewlocki Ryszard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of tolerance and drug dependence limit the clinical application of opioids for the treatment of severe pain. Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are among molecular substrates involved in these processes. Most studies focus on the role of neuronal GR, while the involvement of GR on glial cells is not fully understood. To address this issue, we used a transgenic model of conditional GR knockout mice, targeted to connexin 30-expressing astrocytes, treated with repeated doses of morphine. We observed no difference between control mice and astrocytic GR knockouts in the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Nevertheless, when animals were subjected to precipitated withdrawal, knockouts presented some attenuated symptoms, including jumping. Taken together, our data suggest that hippocampal and spinal astrocytic GRs appear to be involved in opioid withdrawal, and drugs targeting the GR may relieve some symptoms of morphine withdrawal without influencing its antinociceptive properties.
Distributed arrays: an algebra for generic distributed query processing
Authors: Güting Ralf Hartmut , Behr Thomas , Nidzwetzki Jan Kristof 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a simple model for distributed query processing based on the concept of a distributed array. Such an array has fields of some data type whose values can be stored on different machines. It offers operations to manipulate all fields in parallel within the distributed algebra. The arrays considered are one-dimensional and just serve to model a partitioned and distributed data set. Distributed arrays rest on a given set of data types and operations called the basic algebra implemented by some piece of software called the basic engine. It provides a complete environment for query processing on a single machine. We assume this environment is extensible by types and operations. Operations on distributed arrays are implemented by one basic engine called the master which controls a set of basic engines called the workers. It maps operations on distributed arrays to the respective operations on their fields executed by workers. The distributed algebra is completely generic: any type or operation added in the extensible basic engine will be immediately available for distributed query processing. To demonstrate the use of the distributed algebra as a language for distributed query processing, we describe a fairly complex algorithm for distributed density-based similarity clustering. The algorithm is a novel contribution by itself. Its complete implementation is shown in terms of the distributed algebra and the basic algebra. As a basic engine the Secondo system is used, a rich environment for extensible query processing, providing useful tools such as main memory M-trees, graphs, or a DBScan implementation.
Fore reef location influences spawning success and egg predation in lek-like mating territories of the bird wrasse, Gomphosus varius
Authors: Gill A. M. , Franklin E. C. , Donaldson T. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany fish spawn in aggregations, but little is understood about the dynamics governing the success of spawning interactions. Here, we evaluate the influence that location of lek-like mating territories has on spawning interactions of Gomphosus varius. We used direct observations of spawning and egg predation events as well as local population counts to compare the rates of spawning, spawning interruptions, and predation on the eggs of G. varius at Finger Reef, Apra Harbor, Guam. We hypothesized that spawning rates would be highest among seaward locations that facilitate transport of pelagic larvae from reefs and that those territories would subsequently experience higher densities of egg predators, egg predation rates, and spawning interruptions. Male spawning success was highly skewed by mating territory location, with holders of the outer, seaward mating territories being more successful than those males holding territories in the middle and inner areas of the aggregation site. Within the outer territories, male mating success was also skewed by location. Egg predation was observed occasionally and increased linearly with bird wrasse spawning frequency. The population densities of egg predators were distributed equally across the study area. Spawning interruptions occurred most frequently within the inner zone of the spawning aggregation due to greater male-male aggression in intraspecific competition for females and territories. This study provides evidence that reef location influences the spawning success, egg predation rates, and spawning interruption rates of fishes that reproduce using lek-like mating territories.
Improving surface quality in selective laser melting based tool making
Authors: Simoni Filippo , Huxol Andrea , Villmer Franz-Josef 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last years, Additive Manufacturing, thanks to its capability of continuous improvements in performance and cost-efficiency, was able to partly replace and redefine well-established manufacturing processes. This research is based on the idea to achieve great cost and operational benefits especially in the field of tool making for injection molding by combining traditional and additive manufacturing in one process chain. Special attention is given to the surface quality in terms of surface roughness and its optimization directly in the Selective Laser Melting process. This article presents the possibility for a remelting process of the SLM parts as a way to optimize the surfaces of the produced parts. The influence of laser remelting on the surface roughness of the parts is analyzed while varying machine parameters like laser power and scan settings. Laser remelting with optimized parameter settings considerably improves the surface quality of SLM parts and is a great starting point for further post-processing techniques, which require a low initial value of surface roughness.
How Many Wells? Exploring the Scope of Shale Gas Production for Achieving Gas Self-Sufficiency in Poland
Authors: Wachtmeister Henrik , Kuchler Magdalena , Höök Mikael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoland has been estimated to possess large volumes of technically recoverable shale gas resources, which has raised national hopes for increasing energy security and building export capacity. In this paper, we aim to examine political claims and hopes that Poland could achieve natural gas self-sufficiency and even become a gas exporter by harnessing domestic shale potential. We do so by relying on well-by-well production experience from the Barnett Shale in the USA to explore what scope of shale gas extraction, in terms of the number of wells, would likely be required to achieve such national expectations. With average well productivity equal to the Barnett Shale, at least 420 wells per year would be necessary to meet the domestic demand of 20 Bcm in 2030. Adding Poland’s potential export capacity of five Bcm of gas per year would necessitate at least 540 wells per year. Such a significant amount of drilling and hydraulic fracturing would require reconsideration and verification of national energy security plans and expectations surrounding shale gas production. A more informed public debate on technical aspects of extraction would be required, as extensive fracking operations could potentially have implications in terms of environmental risks and local land-use conflicts.
Laparoscopic augmented reality registration for oncological resection site repair
Authors: Joeres Fabian , Mielke Tonia , Hansen Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose

Resection site repair during laparoscopic oncological surgery (e.g. laparoscopic partial nephrectomy) poses some unique challenges and opportunities for augmented reality (AR) navigation support. This work introduces an AR registration workflow that addresses the time pressure that is present during resection site repair.

Methods

We propose a two-step registration process: the AR content is registered as accurately as possible prior to the tumour resection (the primary registration). This accurate registration is used to apply artificial fiducials to the physical organ and the virtual model. After the resection, these fiducials can be used for rapid re-registration (the secondary registration). We tested this pipeline in a simulated-use study with $$N=18$$

N
=
18

participants. We compared the registration accuracy and speed for our method and for landmark-based registration as a reference.

Results

Acquisition of and, thereby, registration with the artificial fiducials were significantly faster than the initial use of anatomical landmarks. Our method also had a trend to be more accurate in cases in which the primary registration was successful. The accuracy loss between the elaborate primary registration and the rapid secondary registration could be quantified with a mean target registration error increase of 2.35 mm.

Conclusion

This work introduces a registration pipeline for AR navigation support during laparoscopic resection site repair and provides a successful proof-of-concept evaluation thereof. Our results indicate that the concept is better suited than landmark-based registration during this phase, but further work is required to demonstrate clinical suitability and applicability.
Thirty years of climate mitigation: lessons from the 1989 options appraisal for the UK
Authors: Lees Eoin , Eyre Nick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn April 1989, the UK Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, convened a full cabinet meeting on climate change addressed by leading scientists. The presentation on mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions was made by the Head of the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU), Ken Currie, and identified the key potential options for mitigation by 2020. In this paper, we compare the mitigation potential identified for each proposed option with the 2019 outturn. The largest mitigation options identified were improved end use energy efficiency across the economy and the generation and use of low carbon electricity. Our analysis finds that these have been the key options adopted. Reductions in primary energy use, resulting from improvements in energy efficiency were concentrated in the period 2005–2012 which in 1989 were widely considered to be ambitious. Decarbonisation of electricity has been achieved by the displacement of coal, initially by gas and more recently by renewable electricity. Renewable electricity has exceeded 1989 expectations in the last 5 years and is now the biggest source of CO2reductions from electricity generation. The contribution envisaged by nuclear electricity has not occurred, largely due its failure to compete in liberalised generation markets. In all cases, the policy environment has been important. We draw lessons for mitigation options to achieve the goal of net zero emissions in the next 30 years. The contribution of demand side and other modular options will remain crucial, as mass-produced technologies tend to improve more quickly than those requiring large construction projects. Environmental, social and political factors will be important, so analysis should not be a purely techno-economic assessment.
Synthesis of a sulfated-group-riched carbonaceous catalyst and its application in the esterification of succinic acid and fructose dehydration to form HMF
Authors: Liu Huihui , Peng Qian , Ren Jiawen , Shi Bianfang , Wang Yanqin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel sulfated-group-riched sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst with high acidic strength and adjustable ratio of acidic groups was designed in the paper, where glucose and benzyl chloride were hydrothermally carbonized first followed by sulfonation treatment. Various physicochemical techniques were used to characterize the catalyst such as IR, 13C MAS NMR and XPS spectra, NH3-TPD, XRD patterns and TG curve. Then, it was applied in the esterification of succinic acid and fructose dehydration to form HMF. Compared to commercial Amberlyst-15 catalyst, such carbonaceous solid acid exhibited excellent catalytic activity and thermal stability, which was attributed to its higher amount of sulfonic acid group.
Consumer Taxes on Alcohol: Is the Wine Sector a Niche Within the Alcoholic Beverages?
Authors: Corsinovi Paola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs alcoholic beverages play a significant role in social and economic contexts, the taxation of alcohol and its policy regulations are an inevitably complex matter. This note pays a small tribute to the great contribution made by Anderson (J Wine Econ 15(1):42–70, 2020), with a specific focus on the EU wine sector. This text is far from exhaustive but provides a starting block for a more in-depth analysis into this complex issue. Is wine a niche category within the alcoholic beverages sector? The question is provocative. This may be difficult and complex to answer, but this note provides some "food for thought".
Fully Fabric-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Self-Powered Human–Machine Interactive Keyboards
Authors: Yi Jia , Dong Kai , Shen Shen , Jiang Yang , Peng Xiao , Ye Cuiying , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCombination flexible and stretchable textiles with self-powered sensors bring a novel insight into wearable functional electronics and cyber security in the era of Internet of Things. This work presents a highly flexible and self-powered fully fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (F-TENG) with sandwiched structure for biomechanical energy harvesting and real-time biometric authentication. The prepared F-TENG can power a digital watch by low-frequency motion and respond to the pressure change by the fall of leaves. A self-powered wearable keyboard (SPWK) is also fabricated by integrating large-area F-TENG sensor arrays, which not only can trace and record electrophysiological signals, but also can identify individuals' typing characteristics by means of the Haar wavelet. Based on these merits, the SPWK has promising applications in the realm of wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, cyber security, and artificial intelligences.
Pancake-Like MOF Solid-State Electrolytes with Fast Ion Migration for High-Performance Sodium Battery
Authors: Zhang Gang , Shu Jun , Xu Lin , Cai Xinyin , Zou Wenyuan , Du Lulu , Hu Song , Mai Liqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSolid-state electrolyte (SSE) of the sodium-ion battery have attracted tremendous attention in the next generation energy storage materials on account of their wide electrochemical window and thermal stability. However, the high interfacial impedance, low ion transference number and complex preparation process restrict the application of SSE. Herein, inspired by the excellent sieving function and high specific surface area of red blood cells, we obtained a solid-like electrolyte (SLE) based on the combination of the pancake-like metal–organic framework (MOF) with liquid electrolyte, possessing a high ionic conductivity of 6.60 × 10–4 S cm−1, and excellent sodium metal compatibility. In addition, we investigated the ion restriction effect of MOF’s apertures size and special functional groups, and the ion transference number increased from 0.16 to 0.33. Finally, the assembled Na0.44MnO2//SLE//Na full batteries showed no obvious capacity decrease after 160 cycles. This material design of SLE in our work is an important key to obtain fast ion migration SLE for high-performance sodium-ion batteries."Image missing"
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between peer victimization and mobile phone addiction: The explanatory mechanism of adolescent depression
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionBeing victimized by peers has been shown to be associated with a range of adolescent problems, including mobile phone addiction (MPA). Although being victimized is assumed to lead to problem behavior, the reverse could also occur. In this longitudinal study we tested the reciprocal effects of victimization and MPA, taking into account the role of adolescent depression in these effects.MethodsThe sample included 1987 adolescents from middle schools in Guangdong and Shandong Provinces, China (56.10% male; Mageat Wave 1 = 12.32). Three waves of questionnaire data were collected at half‐year intervals during the transition from 7th to 8th grade. Cross‐lagged models were adopted for data analysis.ResultsPeer victimization at W1/W2 predicted MPA at W2/W3, and the inverse relation was also significant: MPA at W1/W2 positively predicted peer victimization at W2/W3. Furthermore, the bidirectional association between peer victimization and MPA was mediated by adolescent depression.ConclusionsThis is the first longitudinal study on the relation between MPA and associated problems. Victimization by peers and MPA appear to have mutual influences over time that are explained in part by adolescent depression. The results have potential applied value for promoting adolescent adjustment.
Scientific Progress and Collective Attitudes
Authors: Harris Keith Raymond 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPsychological-epistemic accounts take scientific progress to consist in the development of some psychological-epistemic attitude. Disagreements over what the relevant attitude is – true belief, knowledge, or understanding – divide proponents of thesemantic,epistemic,andnoeticaccounts of scientific progress, respectively. Proponents of all such accounts face a common challenge. On the face of it, only individuals have psychological attitudes. However, as I argue in what follows, increases in individual true belief, knowledge, and understanding are neither necessary nor sufficient for scientific progress. Rather than being fatal to the semantic, epistemic, and noetic accounts, this objection shows that these accounts are most plausible when they take the psychological states relevant to scientific progress to be states of communities, rather than individuals. I draw on recent work in social epistemology to develop two ways in which communities can be the bearers of irreducible psychological-epistemic states. Each way yields a strategy by which proponents of one of the psychological-epistemic accounts might attempt to account for the social dimensions of scientific progress. While I present serious reasons for concern about the first strategy, I argue that the second strategy, at least, offers a promising path forward for a psychological-epistemic account of scientific progress.