bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diluted Ternary Heterojunctions to Suppress Charge Recombination for Organic Solar Cells with 21% Efficiency
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Chen , Gan Zirui , Cheng Jingchao , Sun Yuandong , Zhou Jing , Xia Weiyi , Liu Dan , Li Wei , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs an exitonic photovoltaic device, organic solar cells (OSCs) consist of electron donating and accepting components in their photoactive layer, in which the molecular interactions between donor and acceptor can significantly affect the nanoscale morphology as well as the photovoltaic performance of OSCs. In this work, by diluting electron donor with electron acceptor having opposite electrostatic potentials to promote the structural order via strengthened intermolecular interactions, this study shows that polymeric diluent is more effective due to its long‐ranged conjugated backbone compared with small molecular diluent. The ternary heterojunction made of C5‐16:L8‐BO binary acceptors diluted with D18 shows the strongest structural order, benefiting from the strong interactions between L8‐BO and C5‐16. The enhanced structural order within the photoactive layer prepared by layer‐by‐layer deposition of the diluted p‐type and n‐type heterojunctions contributes to enhanced light absorption, improved charge transport, and inhibited charge recombination. As the result, OSC based on D18 (PY‐IT diluted)/L8‐BO:C5‐16 (D18 diluted) having donor and acceptor dual fibrils obtains an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of 21.0% (certified value of 20.25%), which is one of the highest certified PCE up to date.
Modulating D33 Coefficients Through In Situ AgF and Ag2O Growth in PVDF Composites for High‐Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Liu Renjun , Shin Ki Hoon , Zhu Yu , Liu Qing , Ji Bing , Sun Guoxing , Li Zongjin , De Silva Dadimuni , Stewart Aisling , Lorenzoni Matteo , Ludtke Ingo , Williams Oliver A. , Ming Wenlong , Divitini Giorgio , Sohn Jung Inn , Hou Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, known for their flexibility, biocompatibility, and piezoelectricity, hold significant promise for energy harvesting applications in bioelectronics. Enhancing the β‐phase content is critical for improving device performance. This study presents an effective strategy to boost the relative concentration of β‐PVDF through the in situ growth of silver(I) fluoride (AgF) and silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles (NPs). By optimizing the concentration of NPs, the β‐phase content in PVDF composite films increased to 91.4%. Dielectric analysis revealed a remarkable enhancement of the dielectric constant, reaching 30.1—over three times higher than that of pristine PVDF at 1000 Hz. Additionally, the piezoelectric coefficient of the optimized PVDF composite film improved by 50%, reaching ≈12 pC N−1. A prototype nanogenerator based on the optimized composite film achieved an open‐circuit voltage of ≈35 V, a short‐circuit current of ≈1.6 µA, and an output power density of ≈25 µW cm⁻2 under 0.5 MPa compressive stress. The device successfully powered 10 blue LEDs and charged a 50 nF capacitor within 10 s. These findings highlight in‐situ growth of silver‐based nanoparticle in PVDF matrix provides a scalable approach for energy harvesting and storage technologies.
End‐to‐End Optimization of Metalens for Broadband and Wide‐Angle Imaging
Authors: Park Yeongmyeong , Kim Youngjin , Kim Changhyun , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Choi Hyeongyu , Choi Taewon , Jeong Yoonchan , Lee Byoungho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEnd‐to‐end optimization of metalens and artificial intelligence‐driven image restoration algorithms has recently emerged as a powerful tool for realizing ultra‐compact imaging systems. However, the limited imaging quality of existing approaches remains challenging in meeting the demand for commercial devices due to the severe aberrations exhibited by metalens. These results in highly blurred sensor images, creating substantial challenges for accurate image restoration. In this work, a novel meta‐imager is introduced that overcomes this challenge by employing an aperture‐stop‐integrated metalens and co‐designing it with a computational image restoration network using a fully differentiable optimization framework. The proposed imager physically consists of a single metalens and an aperture stop located on the opposite side of the 1 mm‐thick glass substrate. This configuration effectively alleviates off‐axis aberrations such as coma and astigmatism, facilitating the image restoration process of the deep neural networks. The experimental results present that this scheme features 70° field‐of‐view, for full‐color imaging across the entire visible spectrum. It is believed that this work represents a significant advancement in creating ultra‐compact cameras using nanophotonics.
Study of Charge Transfer Mechanism and Dielectric Relaxation of CdSe‐MSA Nanocrystals
Authors: Bouzidi Mohamed , Alatawi Abdullah A. , Mohamed Naim Bel Haj , Alshammari Abdullah S. , Mohamed Mansour , Khan Ziaul R. , Rhaiem Abdallah Ben 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe CdSe nanocrystals were synthesized in an aqueous medium containing mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA). The X‐ray diffraction study verifies that CdSe‐MSA has a cubic phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show an array of approximately spherical nanoparticles with very small sizes. The electrical and dielectric properties of these nanocrystals were studied using the complex impedance method. By analyzing Nyquist diagrams, we derived the equivalent circuit consisting of R//C//CPE for temperaturesT ≤ 413 K, with a Warburg element appearing for T > 413 K, confirming the diffusion of MSA on the surface of the nanocrystals. The relaxation time (τ) was deduced by analyzing the spectra of M" using the Bergman equation, which is defined by an activation energy (Ea) of 0.743 eV. The conductivity follows Jonscher's power law, with DC conductivity (σDC) increasing in phase I (T ≤ 413 K) and decreasing in phase II (T > 413 K). The variation of s as a function of temperature shows that the conductivity adheres to the single CBH model in the semiconductor domain. It is observed that the hopping distance (RW) decreases with temperature and frequency, which explains the increase in charge carriers and the rise in conductivity in this temperature range.
Does Developing a Belief in One Conspiracy Theory Lead a Person to be More Likely to Believe in Others?
Authors: Williams Matt N. , Marques Mathew D. , Kerr John R. , Hill Stephen R. , Ling Mathew , Clarke Edward J. R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe monological belief system model suggests that—for at least a subset of people—developing a belief in one conspiracy theory will cause them to be more likely to believe in others. This model has been influential in the literature, but its core causal hypothesis has never been credibly tested. We therefore tested it in two longitudinal studies. Study 1 used a sample from New Zealand and Australia (N = 498), with 7 monthly waves. Study 2 (preregistered) used a sample from New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom (N = 978), with 13 monthly waves. We applied random intercept cross‐lagged panel models, permitting a credible causal identification strategy, albeit we cannot rule out time‐varying confounds. We find that increased belief in a conspiracy theory at one wave did (on average) predict increased belief in other conspiracies at the next wave, although the estimated coefficients were small.
Stacking Weights and Model Space Selection in Frequentist Model Averaging for Benchmark Dose Estimation
Authors: Baalkilde Jens Riis , Hansen Niels Richard , Jensen Signe Marie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn dose‐response modeling, several models can often yield satisfactory fits to the observed data. The current practice in risk assessment is to use model averaging, which is a way to combine multiple models in a weighted average. A key parameter in risk assessment is the benchmark dose, the dose resulting in a predefined abnormal change in response. Current practice when applying frequentist model averaging is to use weights based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). This paper introduces stacking weights as an alternative for dose‐response modeling and generalizes a Diversity Index from dichotomous to continuous responses for model space selection. Three simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the new methods. They showed that, in three realistic scenarios, recommended strategies generally performed well, with stacking weights outperforming AIC weights in several cases. Strategies involving model selection were less effective. However, in a challenging scenario, none of the methods performed well. Due to the promising results of stacking weights, they have been added to the R package “bmd.”
An Attempt to Classify Elementary Reactions on the Basis of TS Motifs
Authors: Hori Kenji , Matsuo Yujiro , Yamaguchi Toru , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: February 2025

AbstractReactions commonly used in synthetic organic chemistry are named after their discoverers or developers. They are called the name reactions and generally consist of several elementary reactions. Quantum chemical calculations can optimize transition state (TS) structures of the elementary reactions. The geometrical feature of TS is called TS motif. We have constructed a database (QMRDB) with the TS motif information and have been continuing to accumulate them. In the present study, we extracted 102 elementary reactions from the QMRDB and attempted to classify them using the Kohonen self‐organization map. As the results, all the TS motifs were clustered. By firing a target compound on a Kohonen map generated, we expect to be able to easily find the TS motifs most similar to the target.
CRISPR in Butterflies
Authors: Kee Hooi Lynn 
Published: February 2025

What You Will Learn in This Chapter
In this book chapter, you will learn how painted lady butterflies are used for CRISPR gene targeting experiments in an undergraduate biology course. We describe the advantages to using butterflies for undergraduate lab classroom, and the specific reasons that make them an undergraduate-accessible organism for gene targeting with CRISPR. Readers will learn about the benefits of the life cycle and husbandry of the butterflies and caterpillars. We discuss the overall CRISPR strategy and tools needed to deliver CRISPR components into butterfly eggs. We explain how CRISPR is used for loss-of-function gene studies, where CRISPR is used to disrupt the proper expression of genes involved in wing color and patterning. We show how a simple microinjection system and stereoscope is used to deliver CRISPR components into the eggs. Furthermore, we describe the molecular biology techniques used to determine nucleotide changes made by CRISPR and DNA repair mechanisms. We discuss how CRISPR of genes regulating wing color and patterning can show a visually drastic change that students find extremely fascinating, and thus enables students to make connections between genotype and phenotype.
Professionelle Gesundheitskompetenz. Berufs- und geschlechtsspezifische Aspekte
Authors: Griese Lennert , Schaeffer Doris 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Bedeutung der Gesundheitsprofessionen (GP) für die Förderung von Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) wird als zunehmend wichtig diskutiert. Ziel des Artikels ist es, die professionelle GK ausgewählter GP zu analysieren und zu fragen, wo die Schwierigkeiten bei der Förderung der GK bestehen, welche berufs- und geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede sichtbar werden und wie die Aufgabenrealisierung mit organisatorischen und qualifikatorischen Rahmenbedingungen zusammenhängt.

Methode
Im Mai und Juni 2022 wurden 624 Pflegefachpersonen und 297 Ärzt:innen mit einem neu entwickelten Fragebogen, der die professionelle GK mit 34 Items in 4 Aufgabenbereichen misst (HLS-PROF‑Q), online befragt. Die Befragten wurden über zwei Online-Panels rekrutiert. Es wurden Scores professioneller GK (0–100 Punkte) sowie die subjektiven Schwierigkeiten bei der Aufgabenbewältigung berechnet. Die Analyse der Schwierigkeiten und Zusammenhänge erfolgte mittels deskriptiver und bivariater Statistik.

Ergebnisse
Die GP erreichen je nach Aufgabenbereich durchschnittlich 54,0 bis 73,8 von 100 möglichen Punkten. Die Aufgaben in den Bereichen „professionelle digitale GK“ und „Informations- und Wissensvermittlung“ werden am schwierigsten eingeschätzt. Insgesamt zeigen sich kaum Unterschiede zwischen den Berufsgruppen. Vereinzelt werden Unterschiede nach Geschlecht sichtbar. Die Bewältigung der Aufgaben bei der Förderung der GK ist positiv mit den untersuchten organisatorischen und qualifikatorischen Rahmenbedingungen assoziiert.

Diskussion
Die professionelle GK fällt moderat aus. Die Ergebnisse deuten zugleich auf Optimierungsbedarf und geben konkrete Hinweise, wie die professionelle GK gestärkt werden kann und welche Anpassungen der organisatorischen und qualifikatorischen Rahmenbedingungen erforderlich sind.
Predicting incident cardio-metabolic disease among persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach
Authors: Rydin Arja O. , Aalbers George , van Eeden Wessel A. , Lamers Femke , Milaneschi Yuri , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
There is a global increase of cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Cardio-Metabolic diseases: CMD). Suffering from depression or anxiety disorders increases the probability of developing CMD. In this study we tested a wide array of predictors for the onset of CMD with Machine Learning (ML), evaluating whether adding detailed psychiatric or biological variables increases predictive performance.

Methods
We analysed data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, a longitudinal cohort study (N = 2071), using 368 predictors covering 4 domains (demographic, lifestyle & somatic, psychiatric, and biological markers). CMD onset (24% incidence) over a 9-year follow-up was defined using self-reported stroke, heart disease, diabetes with high fasting glucose levels and (antithrombotic, cardiovascular, or diabetes) medication use (ATC codes C01DA, C01-C05A-B, C07-C09A-B, C01DB, B01, A10A-X). Using different ML methods (Logistic regression, Support vector machine, Random forest, and XGBoost) we tested the predictive performance of single domains and domain combinations.

Results
The classifiers performed similarly, therefore the simplest classifier (Logistic regression) was selected. The Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) achieved by singe domains ranged from 0.569 to 0.649. The combination of demographics, lifestyle & somatic indicators and psychiatric variables performed best (AUC-ROC = 0.669), but did not significantly outperform demographics. Age and hypertension contributed most to prediction; detailed psychiatric variables added relatively little.

Conclusion
In this longitudinal study, ML classifiers were not able to accurately predict 9-year CMD onset in a sample enriched of subjects with psychopathology. Detailed psychiatric/biological information did not substantially increase predictive performance.
Downscaling GRACE-derived ocean bottom pressure anomalies using self-supervised data fusion
Authors: Gou Junyang , Börger Lara , Schindelegger Michael , Soja Benedikt 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The gravimetry measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its follow-on (GRACE-FO) mission provide an essential way to monitor changes in ocean bottom pressure (

$$p_b$$

p
b

), which is a critical variable in understanding ocean circulation. However, the coarse spatial resolution of the GRACE(-FO) fields blurs important spatial details, such as

$$p_b$$

p
b

gradients. In this study, we employ a self-supervised deep learning algorithm to downscale global monthly

$$p_b$$

p
b

anomalies derived from GRACE(-FO) observations to an equal-angle 0.25

$$ ^{\circ }$$

∘

grid in the absence of high-resolution ground truth. The optimization process is realized by constraining the outputs to follow the large-scale mass conservation contained in the gravity field estimates while learning the spatial details from two ocean reanalysis products. The downscaled product agrees with GRACE(-FO) solutions over large ocean basins at the millimeter level in terms of equivalent water height and shows signs of outperforming them when evaluating short spatial scale variability. In particular, the downscaled

$$p_b$$

p
b

product has more realistic signal content near the coast and exhibits better agreement with tide gauge measurements at around 80% of 465 globally distributed stations. Our method presents a novel way of combining the advantages of satellite measurements and ocean models at the product level, with potential downstream applications for studies of the large-scale ocean circulation, coastal sea level variability, and changes in global geodetic parameters.
Technology, connection, and engagement—achieving a balance for maximal value hybrid conferences in radiology
Authors: Liu Amanda , Lopez-Rippe Julian , Reid Janet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a transformation in medical education, leading to the emergence of hybrid learning formats that combine in-person and remote participation. While this format offers increased flexibility and accessibility, it presents unique challenges for both educators and learners in radiology training programs.

Methods
This review examines the critical elements necessary for successful hybrid resident and fellow conferences in radiology education, focusing on three key domains: technology, connection, and engagement.

Results
Technical considerations, including appropriate audiovisual setup and the designation of conference moderators, are crucial for seamless integration of remote participants. Digital tools such as audience response systems, web-based DICOM viewers, and collaborative platforms can enhance interactivity and simulate clinical practice effectively in the hybrid format. Creating an effective learning environment requires careful attention to establishing expectations, maintaining psychological safety, and ensuring equal participation between in-person and remote attendees. Active learning strategies, such as case-based discussions, buzz groups, and peer instruction, can be adapted to include both remote and in-person learners effectively.

Conclusion
While the flexibility of hybrid education offers advantages for work-life balance and accessibility, maintaining educational quality requires thoughtful implementation of these strategies. As hybrid conferences become a permanent fixture in radiology education, programs must address these challenges to optimize the learning experience for all participants while preserving the essential elements of traditional radiology training.

Graphical Abstract
Immediate weight-bearing after tibial plateau fractures internal fixation results in better clinical outcomes with similar radiological outcomes: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ibrahim Mariam Abdel-azim , Moustafa Mohamed M. A. , Brismée Jean-Michel , Farouk Osama , Abdelnasser Mohammad Kamal , Said Hatem Galal , Hooper Troy L. , Abdelmegeed Mohamed , Abdelkawi Ayman F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the effects of adding immediate weight-bearing to tolerance into a post-operative rehabilitation program for surgically treated Tibial Plateau (TP) fractures on clinical and radiological outcomes.

Methods
A randomized control trial. 106 Patients were recruited following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) TP fracture, with 54 patients meeting the criteria for inclusion. Patients were assigned randomly into one of two groups: (1) the traditional group (TG) and (2) the weight-bearing group (WG). The TG was given the non-weight-bearing (NWB) rehabilitation protocol for six weeks. The WG was allowed immediate weight-bearing, and the same therapeutic exercise program was given to both groups. The dependent variables, including clinical and radiological measurements, were recorded six weeks, three months, and six months after the surgery.

Results
A total of 45 patients (11 women and 34 men), with a mean age of 43 ± 14 years, completed the study. There were significant differences between groups in favor of the WG at 6-months for the total clinical Rasmussen score (p =.002) as well as for the pain (p =.005), walking capacity (p =.002), and knee ROM (p =.047). We found neither difference between groups regarding radiological CT- Scan and X-ray measures nor Rasmussen’s radiological scores (p =.854). Fracture type (Schatzker I-IV) did not affect any radiological measures between the groups. Four of 45 patients had intra-articular collapse, three in TG and one in WG (p =.571).

Conclusion
Immediate weight-bearing as tolerated after ORIF of TP fractures (Schatzker I-IV) resulted in better clinical outcomes with no significant differences in the radiological measures.
Mastoid pouch of the sigmoid sinus– an extraordinary anatomical variant
Authors: Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Toader Corneliu , Tudose Răzvan Costin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The dural sigmoid sinus (SS) is a major surgical landmark. It is aimed to report an extraordinary and clinically significant anatomical variation– the mastoid pouch of the SS, which replaces the mastoid air cells.

Method
The archived angioCT file of a 45 y.o. male was retrospectively studied on planar sections and by three-dimensional volume renderings.

Results
An expansive mastoid pouch of the left SS was found, measuring 1.74 cm in transverse diameter and 2.18 cm in sagittal diameter, replacing the typical mastoid air cell system. This SS pouch extended to the mastoid cortex and was covered by a robust (1.41 cm broad) tegmen sinus sigmoidei. The bony wall between the SS pouch and the mastoid portion of the facial canal was 4.65 mm thick.

Conclusion
The marked venous encroachments into the mastoid region emphasise the necessity for comprehensive preoperative imaging and careful selection of surgical approaches to prevent inadvertent vascular compromise.
Integrated pallet retrieval and processing in warehouses under uncertainty
Authors: Buckow Jan-Niklas , Goerigk Marc , Knust Sigrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the problem of integrated pallet retrieval and successive processing in warehouses motivated by a practical company setting. A set of pallets has to be retrieved in a warehouse having a single stacker crane and multiple input/output-points, and the goal is to minimize the makespan. Previous research focuses on minimizing stacker crane travel times, while subsequent pallet processing times at the input/output-points are neglected. A distinction is made between a blocking and buffering variant, in which either no or sufficient buffer space is available at the input/output-points to temporarily store pallets there before they are processed. To hedge against uncertainties in the pallet processing times, we additionally apply robust optimization with budgeted uncertainty sets. We develop dynamic programming algorithms for the worst-case evaluation, identify polynomially solvable cases when there is only a single input/output-point, and present mathematical models for the general case with an arbitrary number of input/output-points. Our extensive computational study reveals that the integrated models yield considerable benefits compared to either ignoring the stacker crane travel times or the pallet processing times. We propose heuristic algorithms that provide good solutions for large instances in a short amount of computational time.