bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Interaction of High-Speed Shinkansen, the Rail, and Bridge
Authors: Tanabe Makoto , Wakui Hajime , Matsumoto Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A finite element formulation to solve the dynamic behavior of high-speed Shinkansen cars, rail, and bridge is given. A mechanical model to express the interaction between wheel and rail is described, in which the impact of the rail on the flange of wheel is also considered. The bridge is modeled by using various finite elements such as shell, beam, solid, spring, and mass. The equations of motions of bridge and Shinkansen cars are solved under the constitutive and constraint equations to express the interaction between rail and wheel. Numerical method based on a modal transformation to get the dynamic response effectively is discussed.
A finite element program for the dynamic response analysis of Shinkansen cars, rail, and bridge at the high-speed running has been developed. Numerical examples are also demonstrated.
Considerations in Positive to Negative Conversion for Machining Features Using Convex Decomposition
Authors: Waco Douglas L. , Kim Yong Se 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Form features intrinsic to the product shape can be recognized using a convex decomposition called Alternating Sum of Volumes with Partitioning (ASVP). Since the form feature decomposition is compact and faithful to the product shape, it includes both positive and negative components. For machining applications, the positive components are converted into corresponding negative components to represent the removal volume. The positive to negative conversion is done in top-down manner by abstracting the positive components using halfspaces determined by the original faces and combining with the parent negative component. In this paper, we describe the considerations in handling interacting sibling positive components which have a common parent component.
Development of Machining Alternatives, Based on MRSEVs
Authors: Nau Dana S. , Gupta Satyandra K. , Kramer Thomas R. , Regli William C. , Zhang Guangming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One missing link between CAD and CAM is the lack of a systematic methodology for generating and evaluating alternative ways to manufacture a proposed design. To address this problem, we are developing a systematic approach for generating and evaluating alternative ways to manufacture machined parts, in order to provide information to the designer about the manufacturability of the proposed design, and information to the process engineer about how best to machine the part. This paper describes our overall approach, and how MRSEVs (Material Removal Shape Element Volumes, a STEP library of machining features) can be used to support it.
Semi-Symbolical Equations of Motion for Flexible Multibody Systems
Authors: Melzer Frank 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The need for computer aided engineering in the analysis of machines and mechanisms led to a wide variety of general purpose programs for the dynamical analysis of multibody systems. In the past few years the incorporation of flexible bodies in this methodology has evolved to one of the major research topics in the field of multibody dynamics, due to the use of more lightweight structures and an increasing demand for high-precision mechanisms such as robots. This paper presents a formalism for flexible multibody systems based on a minimum set of generalized coordinates and symbolic computation. A standardized object-oriented data model is used for the system matrices, describing the elastodynamic behaviour of the flexible body. Consequently, the equations of motion are derived in a form independent of the chosen modelling technique for the elastic bodies.
Time Step Criteria for Solving Unsteady Engineering Field Problems
Authors: Mohtar Rabi , Segerlina Larry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parabolic equations govern a variety of time-dependent problems in science and engineering. Applying numerical methods such as the finite element or the finite difference method in the space domain changes the partial differential equation to a system ordinary differential equations (ODE’s). Another numerical method is needed to solve the ODE’s in the time domain. The following paper presents time step estimates to solve the system of ODE’s that satisfy both stability and accuracy criteria. These time steps are related to the Froude and Courant Numbers. Suggestions as to which time scheme is the best to use is also presented.
Feature-Based Design: 4 Hypotheses for Future CAD Systems
Authors: Rosen David W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Features are meaningful abstractions of geometry that engineers use to reason about components, products, and processes. For design activity, features are design primitives, serve as the basis for product representations, and can incorporate information relevant to life-cycle activities such as manufacturing. Research on feature-based design has matured to the point that results are being incorporated into commercial CAD systems. The intent here is to classify feature-based design literature to provide a solid historical basis for present research and to identify promising research directions that will affect computer-based design tools within the next few years. Applications of feature-based design and technologies of feature representations are reviewed. Open research issues are identified and put in the context of past and current work. Four hypotheses are proposed as challenges for future research: two on the existence of fundamental sub-feature elements and relationships for features, one that presents a new definition of design features, and one that argues for the successful development of concurrent engineering languages. Evidence for these hypotheses is provided from recent research results and from speculation about the future of feature-based design.
Towards a Consistency Management in a Feature-Based Design
Authors: Ovtcharova Jivka , Jasnoch Uwe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is a common goal in the development of feature-based design systems to support users with extended facilities, such as comprehensive semantically correct feature-based models, conformability of tools to user requirements and to different applications, and communication via standardized interfaces. However, the current state of the art in feature-based design does not meet the most of these requirements, particularly the integration of design, reliability and maintainability of constraints.
This paper presents recent research on design by features using the constraint satisfaction approach. We determine the basic requirements for defining and administering constraints in feature-based models and propose an architecture for consistency management in feature-based design systems. The two main modules of interest are Feature Frame and Consistency Manager. The Feature Frame intends to enclose different feature data into one information set, called Feature Resources and to create and manipulate such resources using Feature Mechanisms. The Consistency Manager provides functionality for definition, evaluation and satisfaction of constraints in feature-based models.
Furthermore, in this paper the relation between feature-based design, consistency management and object-oriented paradigm is clarified. In contrast to previous publications where features and constraints are associated with objects in a programming language sense, our starting point is the ontological view to the object concept. We advocate that features and constraints are not objects themselves, but attributes and laws assigned by us to objects to describe properties of them. Thus, feature-based design can be characterized as the art of defining and manipulating properties of design objects.
Simultaneous Computer-Aided Design of Rotational Plastic Parts
Authors: Chong Colin , Sogabe Kiyoshi , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of balancing rotational plastic parts during the early stages of design. The study develops an interactive methodology that uses a solid modeling CAD system and considers injection molding concerns simultaneously with static and dynamic balance. The Transfer Matrix Method evaluates the dynamic characteristics by predicting the approximate critical speed of the part. Design Compatibility Analysis (DCA) checks for injection molding guidelines. Using these evaluation modules interactively, designers can develop a functional and manufacturable part quickly.
NERO: A Teleoperated Wall Climbing Vehicle for Assisting Inspection of a Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel
Authors: Luk B. L. , Collie A. A. , White T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
NERO is a series of teleoperated wall climbing vehicles. Each vehicle carries a specific tool for assisting inspection of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel in the U.K. They adopted a simple sliding frame walking mechanism to cope with 250mm head room and 25mm obstacles on the surface. Vacuum suckers are used by the vehicle for climbing vertical surface. The NERO vehicle is driven remotely by an operator via a control console. The status of the vehicle and the control console is displayed on the console’s computer monitor. These vehicles completed their tasks successfully by September 1992.
Computer-Aided Coordinate Metrology
Authors: Yau Hong-Tzong , Menq Chia-Hsiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional coordinate metrology has gained much attention in recent years. On one hand, the accuracy and repeatability of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) are approaching the sub-micron level. On the other hand, there is hardly any part that exists of which the dimensions cannot be measured with a CMM. This paper presents the recent development and applications in three-dimensional coordinate metrology. The emphasis has been placed in the utilization of computers and integration with CAD/CAM systems. Three important technologies, namely, CAD-directed inspection, three-dimensional optimal match, and reverse engineering are presented and discussed. With computers and CAD/CAM support, three-dimensional coordinate metrology has become an active part of the computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). Its versatility and high degree of automation have made the CMM a universal inspection machine for quality control of manufactured parts in computer integrated manufacturing.
A Computational Approach to Solve Interactive Engineering Design Problems Comprising Fuzzy Design Variables
Authors: Iqbal Numan , Kinzel Gary L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fuzzy set theory has been found to be useful in representing inherent imprecision when a component or system is analyzed. The concepts of fuzzy set theory were earlier incorporated by the authors in an existing constraint manager developed at The Ohio State University. This paper describes a simplified computational approach to solve engineering design problems with fuzzy design variables in an interactive fashion. In an attempt to reduce the time and computational effort involved in fuzzy calculations, a modification in the Vertex Method is used. A comparison of computational time and effort for both the original method and the modified method is presented.
A Numerical Study of Non Uniform Multiple Site Cracks Emanating From a Two Dimensional Rivet Hole Array
Authors: Gioioso Paul M. , Rodriguez Jorge 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A study was performed to assess the effect of multiple site damage (MSD), which has been observed in a number of aging aircraft, on the fatigue life of lap splice joints in fuselage structures. Numerical modeling was used to simulate various MSD occurrences in models similar to riveted aircraft structures (e.g. rows of 5/32″ diameter holes separated by a finite distance, for a T2024-T3 aluminum material) under simulated fatigue loading. Several geometric factors were examined, and their effect on MSD propagation investigated. Nonuniform MSD was also modeled, and all effects were compared on a global scale. Results indicate that a tighter array configuration allowed for a shorter fatigue life, as did the introduction of the nonuniform crack. However, the effect of the staggered offset was negligible in comparison to the effect of the rivet spacing and the location of the nonuniform crack. The size and initial location of the nonuniform crack had the greatest influence on the stress distribution and the fatigue life.
Knowledge-Based Parametric Modeling for Nozzles
Authors: Saxena Mukui , Irani Rohinton K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a new, and unique, system for design and analysis of a family of parts with a specific focus on gas turbine nozzles. The system, built on the tenets of knowledge-based engineering (KBE) within an object-oriented framework, supports the notion of scalable products that can be resized through reparametrization. The KBE system for the parametric design of nozzles has been integrated with a Topology and Geometry Utility System (TAGUS) and geometry-based mesh generators (QUADTREE and EXTREME) to develop a turnkey system. The resulting system is shown to help reduce the design cycle time and to increase engineering productivity by representing design and manufacturing information as part of the complete product definition.
Computer Aided Analysis of Nonlinear Consolidation
Authors: Bhat Dinesh , Zaman Musharraf , Laguros Joakim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Consolidation is one of the major problems in clayey foundation settlements. This paper presents a user-friendly software developed by the authors, based on finite element (FE) method including the concept of infinite elements. The software is found to be very efficient tool for the analysis of consolidation settlement potentials of bridge approaches founded on clayey soils.
An Interactive Fluid Mechanics Tutorial Using Authorware
Authors: Toogood R. W. , Wong D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computer-based instructional technology has developed significantly in recent years. Rapid developments in hardware are now being paced by significant advances in courseware authoring tools. This paper presents a brief overview of one such software tool, Authorware Professional for Windows1. This package allows easy development of highly interactive computer-based learning modules. Authorware was used to develop a number of instructional modules for use in an introductory course in fluid mechanics. Some examples of the courseware are given to show the flexibility and power of this software tool.
Use of Statistical Modelling Techniques for Simulation
Authors: Mazharsolook Ebrahim , Robinson David C. , Casey Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Statistical methods are explored for the use in modelling of discrete manufacturing. The developed methodologies based on Design of Experiments (DOE) and stepwise regression to obtain the product model are described. This model is then embedded within a software system which is used for simulation of design changes, process changes and disturbances. The software is used to predict final test results in respect of up-stream parameter changes.
A case study is presented o show the implementation of this method of modelling in Quality Control of manufacture. This case study has successfully been implemented. The system is currently assisting the company in design of similar product.
Feasibility of applying Artificial Intelligen (AI) techniques to Model-Based Quality Control (MBQC) is investigated. An outline of the future development of Hybrid MBQC is then presented.
A Fast Sequential Hidden-Line Removal Algorithm
Authors: Pao Y. C. , Qin P. Y. , Yuan Q. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A fast hidden-line removal algorithm for single convex or concave object, and multiple objects has been developed. It is applicable to both solid objects constructed with planar faces, and with curved surfaces which are represented by meshes. The invisible lines are removed in phases and the computing time in all phases is minimized. Line edges and plane elements involved in the solid object are sorted in the order of their coordinate values. Bounding rectangular boxes are used to determine the overlaps. In place of the trigonometric functions, a simplified linear function is adopted for reducing the computing time. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the practical applications of the developed algorithm.
Computer-Assisted Catalog Selection With Multiple Objectives
Authors: Bradley S. R. , Agogino A. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, strategies appropriate for the computer support of engineering catalog selection are presented for selection problems involving multiple objectives. Problems with and without random and uncertain parameters are considered, and appropriate computer-assisted methods for their solution developed. Special attention is paid to the question of when the generation of a utility function using the methods of multi-attribute utility analysis is a useful part of the selection method. Motor catalog selection examples are used to clarify the concepts.
Structuring Information and Coordinating Teams in Product Development
Authors: Kannapan Srikanth M. , Bell David G. , Taylor Dean L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the information environment of a product development program in a manufacturing enterprise as a domain in which intelligent agents can facilitate coordination. The information environment refers to information accessed, shared and generated in a product development program. The analysis suggests a structure for defining agents and agent interactions, and clarifies coordination needs in the context of the product development process. An architecture of intelligent agents embedded in a coordination environment is proposed as a means of providing infrastructure and process support to product development. The process of extension of requirements, and the selection and parametric refinement of handbook design solutions of a relief valve is used to illustrate the analysis and architecture for coordination in product development. The functional requirements identified for product development coordination are: (a) explicit representation of development team perspective and product model aspect definitions and mappings among them, (b) encapsulation of views and changes of the product models by intelligent agents, and (c) management of scenarios of interaction between perspectives through their agents. Representation of the dynamics and hierarchy in product development environments is outlined.
Experimental Investigation of Isolated and Simultaneous Internal Resonances in Suspended Cables
Authors: Lee Christopher L. , Perkins Noel C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The near resonant response of suspended elastic cables driven by harmonic, planar excitation is investigated experimentally. Measurements of large amplitude cable motions confirm previous theoretical predictions of fundamental classes of internally-resonant responses. For particular magnitudes of equilibrium curvature, strong modal interactions arise through isolated (two-mode) or simultaneous (three-mode) internal resonances. Four qualitatively different periodic responses are observed: 1) pure planar response, 2) 2:1 internally resonant non-planar response 3) 1:1 internally resonant non-planar response, and 4) simultaneous, 2:2:1 internally resonant non-planar response. Quasi-periodic responses are also observed.
Nonlinear Normal Modes in a Class of Nonlinear Continuous Systems
Authors: King Melvin E. , Vakakis Alexander F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A general methodology is developed for computing the nonlinear normal modes of a class of undamped vibratory systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations of motion. A nonlinear normal mode is defined as free motion during which all points of the system vibrate equiperiodically, reaching their extremum positions at the same instants of time. The analytical methodology is based on a previous work by Shaw and Pierre (1992b), where the displacements and velocities at any point of a structure were expressed as functions of the displacement and velocity of a single reference point. The dynamics of the continuous system were then restricted to invariant manifolds of the phase space.
Motivated by the methodology presented by Shaw and Pierre, we express the displacement of an arbitrary point of the structure as a function of the displacement of a single reference point. Assuming undamped oscillations (and thus conservation of energy), a singular partial differential equation for the function relating the displacements is derived, and is subsequently solved using an asymptotic, power series methodology. Applications of the general theory are then given by computing the nonlinear normal modes of a simply supported beam resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation, and of a cantilever beam having geometric nonlinearities. The stability of the detected modes is then investigated by a linearized stability analysis.
Nonlinear Coupled Response of Serpentine Belt Drive Systems
Authors: Beikmann R. S. , Perkins Noel C. , Ulsoy A. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This theoretical and experimental study identifies a key nonlinear mechanism that promotes strongly coupled dynamics of serpentine belt drive systems. Attention is focused on a prototype three-pulley system that contains the essential features of automotive serpentine drives having automatic (spring-loaded) tensioners. A theoretical model is presented that describes pulley and tensioner arm rotations, and longitudinal and transverse belt response. A recent investigation demonstrates that infinitesimal belt stretching creates a linear mechanism that couples transverse belt response to tensioner arm rotation. Here, it is further demonstrated that finite belt stretching creates a nonlinear mechanism that may lead to strongly coupled response in the presence of an internal resonance. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the existence of this nonlinear coupling mechanism. In particular, it is shown that very large transverse belt vibrations can result from small resonant torque pulses applied to the crankshaft or accessory pulleys.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Nonlinearly Coupled Heave, Pitch, and Roll Motions of a Ship in Longitudinal Waves
Authors: Oh I. G. , Nayfeh A. H. , Mook D. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The loss of dynamic stability and the resulting large-amplitude roll of a vessel in a head or following sea were studied theoretically and experimentally. A ship model with three degrees of freedom (roll, pitch, heave) was considered. The governing equations for the heave and pitch modes were linearized and their harmonic solutions were coupled with the nonlinear equation governing roll. The resulting equation, which has time-varying coefficients, was used to predict the response in roll. The principal parametric resonance was considered in which the excitation frequency is twice the natural frequency in roll. Force-response curves were obtained. The existence of jump phenomena and multiple stable solutions for the case of subcritical instability was observed in the experiments and found to be in good qualitative agreement with the results predicted by the theory. The experiments also revealed that the large-amplitude roll is dependent on the location of the model in the standing waves.
Chaotic Vibrations of Rotor/Bearing/Stator Systems With Looseness or Rubs
Authors: Muszynska Agnes , Goldman Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents results of numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a one-lateral-mode unbalanced and radially side-loaded rotor with either loose pedestal (looseness in a stationary joint), or with one oversize bearing (looseness between a rotating and stationary joint), or with occasional rotor/stator rubbing.
The nonlinearities of these systems (variable stiffness, impacting, and friction) are associated with intermittent contacts with the stationary element. The results, based on a local impact model, developed in the author’s previous publications, exhibit regular periodic, as well as chaotic vibration patterns of the rotor.