bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical model for the dynamics of COVID‐19 infections and their case detection ratio in 2020
Authors: Schneble Marc , De Nicola Giacomo , Kauermann Göran , Berger Ursula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe case detection ratio of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections varies over time due to changing testing capacities, different testing strategies, and the evolving underlying number of infections itself. This note shows a way of quantifying these dynamics by jointly modeling the reported number of detected COVID‐19 infections with nonfatal and fatal outcomes. The proposed methodology also allows to explore the temporal development of the actual number of infections, both detected and undetected, thereby shedding light on the infection dynamics. We exemplify our approach by analyzing German data from 2020, making only use of data available since the beginning of the pandemic. Our modeling approach can be used to quantify the effect of different testing strategies, visualize the dynamics in the case detection ratio over time, and obtain information about the underlying true infection numbers, thus enabling us to get a clearer picture of the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020.
Cross‐neutralization of RBD mutant strains of SARS‐CoV‐2 by convalescent patient derived antibodies
Authors: Lou Yan , Zhao Wenxiang , Wei Haitao , Chu Min , Chao Ruihua , Yao Hangping , Su Junwei , Li Yanan , Li Xiulan , Cao Yu , Feng Yanyan , Wang Ping , Xia Yongyang , Shang Yushuan , Li Fengping , Ge Pingju , Zhang Xinglin , Gao Wenjing , Song Gaojie , Du Bing , Liang Tingbo , Qiu Yunqing , Liu Mingyao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in an urgent need for the development of therapeutic interventions. Of which, neutralizing antibodies play a crucial role in the prevention and resolution of viral infection.MethodsWe generated antibody libraries from 18 different COVID‐19 recovered patients and screened neutralizing antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 and its mutants. After 3 rounds of panning, 456 positive phage clones were obtained with high affinity to RBD (receptor binding domain). Clones were then reconstituted into whole human IgG for epitope binning assay and all 19 IgG were classified into 6 different epitope groups or Bins.ResultsAlthough all antibodies were found to bind RBD, the antibodies in Bin2 had superior inhibitory ability of the interaction between spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2). Most importantly, the antibodies from Bin2 showed stronger binding affinity or ability to mutant RBDs (N501Y, W463R, R408I, N354D, V367F, and N354D/D364Y) derived from different SARS‐CoV‐2 strains as well, suggesting the great potential of these antibodies in preventing infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its mutations. Furthermore, such neutralizing antibodies strongly restricted the binding of RBD to hACE2 overexpressed 293T cells. Consistently, these antibodies effectively neutralized wildtype and more transmissible mutant pseudovirus entry into hACE2 overexpressed 293T cells. In Vero‐E6 cells, one of these antibodies can even block the entry of live SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells at 12.5 nM.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the neutralizing human antibodies from the patient‐derived antibody libraries have the potential to fight SARS‐CoV‐2 and its mutants in this global pandemic.
Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein regulates tumorigenesis of arecoline‐promoted human oral carcinoma
Authors: Li Xia , Xie Xiaoli , Gu Yangcong , Zhang Jianming , Song Jiang , Cheng Xiufeng , Gao Yijun , Ai Yilong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArecoline, a major alkaloid within areca nut extract, is recognized as the primary active carcinogen promoting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathological development. Dysregulation of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase components (e.g., Fat mass and obesity‐associated protein [FTO] and methyltransferase‐like 3 [METTL3]) are closely associated with multiple cancer progression, including oral cancer. However, the biological function role of FTO in arecoline‐induced oral cancer is largely unknown. We identified that FTO was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues from patients with areca nut chewing habits and chronic arecoline‐treated OSCC cell lines. Depletion of FTO attenuated the arecoline‐promoted stemness, chemoresistance, and oncogenicity of OSCC cells. Finally, we revealed that FTO was negatively regulated by a transcription factor forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) in OSCC cells. This study, for the first time, demonstrated that FTO plays an oncogenic role in arecoline‐induced OSCC progression. Thus, developing new therapeutic agents targeting FTO may serve as a promising method to treatment OSCC patients, especially those with areca nut chewing habits.
First report of rheumatoid arthritis and secondary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with heart failure
Authors: Zhang Hui , Kong Fanxue , Yu Fei , Hao Shuai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 70‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis for 45 years developed secondary Sjögren's syndrome. She had a long‐term low‐salt and low‐fat diet and did not adhere to long‐term hormone and rheumatic immunotherapy, which led to heart failure.
Insight into the Structural Evolution of the Cobalt Oxides Nanoparticles upon Reduction Process: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Ma Chenwei , Yun Yifeng , Zhang Tianfu , Suo Haiyun , Yan Lai , Shen Xianfeng , Li Yongwang , Yang Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a prerequisite elementary step, the reduction of cobalt (Co) oxides to form metallic Co is essential to display activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Nevertheless, the intrinsic principle of phase and morphology evolution for Co oxides and formation mechanism of the active Co site remains unclear. Here, we resolve this decades‐long question by using a state‐of‐the‐art in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to elucidate the multi‐role of initial crystalline phase and size of Co oxides in modulation of reduction rate, phase and morphology evolution under H2 atmosphere, by excluding the possible interference from promoter and support. We anticipate that this study enriches current understanding on the surface structure and morphology evolution of Co oxides, and provides reference for rational design of Co‐based catalytic material as well as its pretreatment protocol.
Evaluation of corn herbicide programs with and without atrazine
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Richburg Jacob , Barber Tom , Roberts Trenton , Gbur Edward 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtrazine is a foundational herbicide in corn (Zea mays L.) because of its broad‐spectrum weed control and utility for pre‐emergence or postemergence applications. Extensive atrazine use has led to traces in groundwater, surface water, and aquifers. This research explored corn herbicide regimes with little or no atrazine. Pre‐emergence herbicide treatments [S‐metolachlor (0.955 lb acre–1); saflufenacil (0.054 oz acre–1) plus dimethenamid‐P (0.473 lb acre–1)] and postemergence herbicide mixtures [bicyclopyrone (0.040 lb acre–1) plus mesotrione (0.161 lb acre–1) plus S‐metolachlor (1.429 lb acre–1); thiencarbazone‐methyl (0.013 lb acre–1) plus tembotrione (0.067 lb acre–1), thiencarbazone‐methyl (0.033 lb acre–1) plus isoxaflutole (0.082 lb acre–1); acetochlor (0.964 lb acre–1) plus mesotrione (0.103 lb acre–1) plus clopyralid (0.065 lb acre–1)] were applied alone or combined with atrazine at 0.50 lb acre–1 to glyphosate‐ or glufosinate‐resistant corn. All postemergence applications contained glyphosate (1.125 lb acre–1) plus glufosinate (0.402 lb acre–1). Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Watson], broadleaf signalgrass [Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) Nash], and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) control were always greater than 95%. Saflufenacil plus dimethenamid‐P injured corn 8 and 5% more than S‐metolachlor 21 d after pre‐emergence application. Averaged over pre‐emergence herbicide and atrazine rate, thiencarbazone‐methyl plus isoxaflutole injured corn by 21% in 2017. The addition of atrazine did not improve corn yield in 7 of 16 instances. According to this research, the weeds assessed at these densities can be controlled without atrazine by some programs.
Titanium Vacancies in TiO2 Nanofibers Enable Highly Efficient Photodriven Seawater Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Xiang , Wu Si‐Ming , Tian Ge , Zhao Xiao‐Fang , Wang Li‐Ying , Yin Yi‐Xia , Wu Lu , Li Qian‐Ni , Zhang Yue‐Xing , Wu Jin‐Song , Janiak Christoph , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Shalom Menny , Yang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotodriven seawater splitting is considered to be one of the most promising techniques for sustainable hydrogen production. However, the high salinity of seawater would deactivate catalysts and consume the photogenerated carriers. Metal vacancies in metal oxide semiconductors are critical to directed electron transfer and high salinity resistance; they are thus desirable but remain a challenge. We demonstrate a facile controllable calcination approach to synthesize TiO2 nanofibers with rich Ti vacancies with excellent photo/electro performances and long‐time stability in photodriven seawater splitting, including photocatalysis and photo‐electrocatalysis. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal the formation of titanium vacancies, as well as unidirectional electron trap and superior H+ adsorption ability for efficient charge transfer and resistance to corrosion by seawater. Therefore, atomic‐/nanoscale characteristics and mechanism have been proposed to clarify the generation of titanium vacancies and the corresponding interfacial electron transfer.
Modelling adsorption based on an isoreticular MOF‐series of IFPs–Part I: Collection of physical properties and single component equilibria
Authors: Otter Dirk , Dieler Max , Dänekas Volker , Krätz Lorenz , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn isoreticular series of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) of IFPs (IFP, imidazolate frameworks Potsdam) is investigated for their morphological properties and adsorption behaviour. The materials are characterized phenomenologically with respect to their particle size and tendency of agglomerate formation, and with respect to their internal structure. For this purpose, material densities, pore size distributions, specific inner surfaces, and porosities are determined. The main part of the investigation is based on the analysis of gravimetrically determined adsorption equilibria for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and their modelling. In this context, two different approaches for the consideration of the buoyancy of the sample are compared. The adjusted measurement data are globally approximated as sets of isotherms at different temperatures with two different modifications of the Langmuir model. Results show that both models are well suited for the interpolation of the experimental data in the temperature range under consideration. Comparison of the heats of adsorption derived from the isosteric method with values extracted from the model equations confirms them as physically consistent. This provides the opportunity to numerically simulate the dynamic separation of CO2/CH4‐mixtures under consideration of the heat tone based on the single component data. The IFPs can be divided phenomenologically into two categories. One is exclusively microporous (IFP‐4, ‐6, ‐7, and ‐8), while the other exhibits hierarchical structures of micropores coupled with mesopores (IFP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐5). Equilibrium data indicate that the latter are better suited for the separation of CO2/CH4‐mixtures due to their higher selectivities and capacities.
Illumination correction model with sine‐cosine algorithm to optimize gray wolf population for least‐squares support vector regression
Authors: Yang Junyi , Zhao Haitao , Chen Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe color of an object appears different from its true color when illuminated with light sources of different hues. To solve this problem, this article proposes a combination algorithm (SCA‐GWO‐LSSVR) based on the sine‐cosine algorithm (SCA) and the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to optimize the regression prediction model of the least‐squares support vector regression (LSSVR) algorithm. The performance of the traditional LSSVR is significantly affected by the penalty parameter (gamma) and the sig2 kernel function parameter. The proposed method uses the improved GWO algorithm to search the population to find the best LSSVR parameter solution. The proposed algorithm uses the SCA to create multiple random candidate solutions in population initialization to avoid blind initialization of the GWO algorithm. In the process of iterative optimization, the SCA is infiltrated, and its sine‐cosine wave mathematical model is used to quickly identify the best outward or inward position of the gray wolf. Finally, the LSSVR combines the optimal sig2 kernel function parameters and penalty parameters (gamma) to obtain a highly versatile illumination correction model. The experimental results show that the fitting accuracy of the proposed method reaches 86.8%, which is 5% higher than that of the LSSVR algorithm alone.
Elucidating the Active Site and the Role of Alkali Metals in Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols over Iron‐Carbide‐based Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jianghao , Sudduth Berlin , Sun Junming , Kovarik Libor , Engelhard Mark H. , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIron‐carbide‐based catalysts have been explored in the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenol, aiming at elucidating the role of active site and alkali metal. Complementary characterization such as X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy, together with catalytic evaluations revealed a rapid structural reconstruction of iron carbide (Fe3C) catalysts, leading to a stable defective graphene‐covered metallic Fe active phase (G@Fe) under reaction conditions. Further studies using different alkali metals (i. e., Na, K, and Cs) revealed that alkali metals showed negligible effect on the phase transformation of Fe3C. However, the reconstructed G@Fe doped with alkali metals inhibited the tautomerization, a facile reaction pathway to saturation of the aromatic ring, leading to enhanced selectivity to arene. The extent of inhibition of tautomerization or selectivity to arene was closely related to the degree of electron donation of alkali metal to Fe.
Mass spectrometric characterization of urinary hydrafinil metabolites for routine doping control purposes
Authors: Knoop Andre , Fußhöller Gregor , Haenelt Nadine , Goergens Christian , Guddat Sven , Geyer Hans , Thevis Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLittle information on the human metabolism and urinary elimination of hydrafinil (9‐fluorenol) exists. In order to support preventive anti‐doping activities concerning compounds such as hydrafinil, a pilot elimination study was conducted with three healthy male volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 50 mg of hydrafinil. Urine samples were collected prior to and up to 72‐h post‐administration and were subjected to both gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which allowed for the identification of the intact drug as well as Phase I and Phase II metabolites, primarily hydroxylated and/or glucuronidated or sulfo‐conjugated hydrafinil. The identity of these metabolites was corroborated by high‐resolution/high‐accuracy tandem mass spectrometry, and the applicability of routine doping control workflows for the detection of hydrafinil and its main metabolites was assessed. Therefore, two findings of hydrafinil and its metabolites were recorded, which concerned out‐of‐competition doping control samples and, hence, were not pursued with confirmatory analyses. Yet, the initial testing procedure results indicate that hydrafinil might require consideration in sports drug testing programs to ensure its detection, if classified as prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA).
Mitochondrial genomes of fiveHyphessobrycontetras and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Xu Wei , Lin Shupeng , Liu Hongyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo date, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic affinities withinHyphessobrycon, even among other genera in Characidae, remain unclear. Here, we determined five new mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) ofHyphessobryconspecies (H. elachys,H. flammeus,H. pulchripinnis,H. roseus, andH. sweglesi). The mitogenomes were all classical circular structures, with lengths ranging from 16,008 to 17,224 bp. The type of constitutive genes and direction of the coding strand that appeared in the mitogenomes were identical to those of other species in Characidae. The highest value of the Ka/Ks ratio within 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) was found in ND2 with 0.83, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection in theHyphessobrycongenus. Comparison of the control region sequences among sevenHyphessobryconfish revealed that repeat units differ in length and copy number across different species, which led to sharp differences in mitogenome sizes. Phylogenetic trees based on the 13 PCGs did not support taxonomic relationships, as theHyphessobryconfish mixed with those from other genera. These data were combined to explore higher level relationships within Characidae and could aid in the understanding of the evolution of this group.
Pyridazinium based ionic liquids as green corrosion inhibitors: An overview
Authors: Gurjar Shriniwas , Sharma Sushil Kumar , Sharma Ankit , Ratnani Sonia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncreasing ecological awareness and stringent environmental regulations has resulted in development of green and sustainable strategies for prevention of corrosion. One such attractive strategy involves ionic liquids due to their interesting properties such as low volatility, non‐flammability, nontoxic nature, high thermal and chemical stability, and their ability to adsorb on the metallic surface. In the past few years, pyridazinium‐based ionic liquids have been studied for corrosion inhibition. This review gives an update of the research work carried with these ionic liquids toward corrosion inhibition in the past 5 years.
Borohydride oxidation electrocatalysis at individual, shape‐controlled Au nanoparticles
Authors: Saha Partha , Rahman Md. Maksudur , Hill Caleb M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanostructured materials are frequently employed as active components in electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage. Unfortunately, the complexity of nanostructured materials, which can exhibit significant heterogeneities in morphology and/or composition within a macroscopic sample, makes it difficult to generate fundamental insights into their operation using traditional experimental techniques. Analytical methods that can probe the behavior of individual, discrete reactive entities, such as nanoparticles (NPs), may serve as powerful tools for the study of complex, heterogeneous systems, but remain experimentally challenging. Here, the application of probe‐based electroanalytical methods is demonstrated to be a powerful, high‐throughput strategy for the characterization of electrocatalytic systems. A pipet‐based approach, Targeted Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (TECCM), was applied to characterize the electrocatalytic properties of individual, shape‐controlled Au NPs toward the borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR), a model fuel cell reaction. Using TECCM, the BOR could be quantitatively interrogated at individual NPs in a high‐throughput fashion, directly revealing significant NP‐to‐NP variations in reactivity and stability. BOR kinetics were found to exhibit a significant shape dependence, generally increasing in the order Triangles < Spheres Octahedra < Rods, and prominent voltammetric features were observed that could be attributed to surface deactivation/reactivation process occurring at individual NPs. Together, these results demonstrate the large degree to which catalytic behavior varies at the single NP level and the power of applying single NP analytical techniques to the study of these systems.
Optimization and prediction of pulsating heat pipe compound parabolic solar collector performances by hybrid deep belief network based bald eagle search optimizer
Authors: Palanivel Vijayakumar , Govindasamy Kumaresan , Arunachalam Gokul Karthik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe compound parabolic collector (CPC) with pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is developed for enhance the heat transfer rate, thermal efficiency and heat losses, and so forth. and working fluid plays a major role in this process. The thermal resistance, temperature, and thermal efficiency have been experimented with under different conditions, and heating periods were analyzed. In this, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and graphene oxide (GO) added distilled water (DW) is used as the working fluid in the filing ratio of 50%. Bald eagle search optimization (BES) algorithm is used for optimizing the experimented values, and the better‐optimized values are used for hybrid BES based deep belief network (DBN) prediction. The maximum temperature obtained for experiment and optimization is 65 and 65.16161°C. 59% of thermal efficiency was obtained as maximum for experimentation, and 59.1542% of thermal efficiency was obtained as maximum for optimization. The maximum thermal resistance obtained for experimentation and optimization is 0.08 and 0.06938°C/W. In this, optimized outputs performed well than the experimental values. Besides, the hybrid DBN based BES algorithm is performed based on the optimized performances to predict the temperature, thermal efficiency and thermal resistance. Further, predicted outcomes are compared with the non‐hybrid neural networks such as DBN, CNN and ANN. DBN‐BES depicts low error values than the non‐hybrid neural networks. Overall, the proposed hybrid solar collector model and the hybrid nanoparticles added water helps to enhance the thermal characteristics with minimum heat loss.
Calculation and analysis of pollutants during takeoff and landing based on airborne data
Authors: Weijun Pan , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaolei Zhang , Tianyi Wu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study adopts the calculation method of reducing pollutant emission during flight based on the flight record data from Nantong to Chengdu. More accurate flight record data can be obtained by interpolating, filtering, and weighting QAR (airborne quick access recorder) data in order to recover specific flight conditions. BMMF2 and P3‐T3 flow correction method are used to correct the fuel flow value in the QAR data and analyze the exact consumption time of each phase of the LTO (landing take‐off cycle) based on the key parameter. The actual pollutant emission results calculated using QAR data are compared with the reference data of International Civil Aviation Organization under the same conditions, and then changes of pollutant emission in each flight stage are analyzed. The results show that in the four modes of approach, taxi, take‐off, and climb of standard landing and take‐off (LTO) cycle, the pollutants emitted in the taxi section account for about 60% of the whole cycle, the taxi time is reduced by 6.78 min, the total emission is reduced by 11.4%, and the fuel consumption is reduced by 11.96%. The estimated nitrogen oxide emissions of LTO in stages using the QAR measured data after accurately dividing the flight phase, which is over 28% different from the original estimation method. The QAR data can analyze the pollutant emissions of aircraft in different stages. Methods for calculating the engine emissions of the LTO phase can provide a more accurate reference for assessing pollution of near‐ground aircraft and airports in different regions.