bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy in Reduction of Lung Lesions of a Toxin Expressing Whole-cell Vaccine Against Multiple Serovars of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae in Growing Pigs
Authors: MORTENSEN PREBEN , Toft Nils , Kiss Istvan , Palya Vilmos , Smits Han , Tenk Miklos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major economically significant bacterial respiratory pathogen of pigs, and vaccine use is considered an integral control method to prevent disease. The objective of this multi-study analysis was to evaluate the serovar independent efficacy in growing pigs of the C-vaccine (Coglapix®, Ceva, France), which comprises whole cells of A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 2 expressing ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII toxins. Efficacy was based on protection against lung lesions, since there is good correlation between the severity/extension of lung lesions and losses induced by pleuropneumonia. Vaccine efficacy was determined against challenge with the most common serovars (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11 and 13) of A. pleuropneumoniae in a total of 13 studies of the same design and reproducibility was validated.Results: Protection against homologous serovars 1 and 2 significantly reduced lung lesion scores (LLS) compared to the positive controls: p = 0.00007 and p = 0.00124, respectively. The protection against heterologous serovars 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11, and 13 also significantly reduced LLS: range p = 2.9e-10 to p = 0.00953. Reproducibility between challenge studies was excellent with the estimated random effect of study (the fraction of the total variation attributed by differences between studies) being only 2.6%, 2.2% and 4.8% for three serovar 2, two serovar 9/11 and serovar 4 challenge studies, respectively. An outlier was the 35% of variation attributable to trial between the two serovar 6 challenges, possibly explained by a Streptococcus spp. outbreak.Conclusions: A highly significant serovar independent reduction of pathological lung lesions by the C-vaccine was demonstrated for all the serovars tested (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9/11 and 13). High levels of protection with similar significance-values were obtained for both homologous and heterologous serovar challenge. To our knowledge the aerosol chamber challenge concept based on accurate individual pig dosing and a standardized biologically weighted lung lesion scoring is the first to be validated statistically as reproducible and reliable. The C-vaccine was demonstrated to be a good candidate to fulfil the demands in the field for an A. pleuropneumoniae-vaccine i.e., high protective capability against disease caused by multiple serovars.
Observer-Based Event-triggered Adaptive Containment Control for Multiagent Systems With Prescribed performance
Authors: Xu Rui , Wang Xin , Zhou Yuhao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problem of the observer-based event-triggered adaptive containment control for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with prescribed performance. First, the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are adopted to approximate the uncertain smooth nonlinear function, and the neural network-based state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable state. Besides, to reduce the control resource assumption and get a better balance between the system performance and network constraints, the switching threshold based event-triggered control strategy is introduced. Based on this, the novel distributed containment controller is designed by utilizing the adaptive backstepping technique and the dynamic surface control (DSC) technique to guarantee that the output of each follower converges to the convex hull formed by multileader.

Moreover, the containment errors can be converged to the prescribed boundary and all signals in closed-loop system are semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) as well. Finally, the simulation example is carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed controller.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour of an Unusual Presentation in the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report
Authors: de Sa Alfonso López , Pascual Alejandro , Santos Javier García , Mendez Ramiro , Bellon Monica , Ramirez Mar , Matute Fatima , Arco Cristina del , Manzano Aránzazu , Coronado Pluvio , Casado Antonio , Marquina Gloria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is an infrequent mesenchymal neoplasia of unknown etiology and variable behavior, ranging from rather benign lesions to locally aggressive and even metastatic disease. Its presence has been described in almost all organs; however, its location in the female genital tract has rarely been reported.Case presentation: We present the case of a 47-year-old female, who was studied in our institution for a recent medical history of several weeks of dyspareunia and abdominal pain. She underwent pertinent studies including ultrasonography and CT scan. Under suspicion of degenerated leiomyoma, a total hysterectomy was performed. Unexpectedly, the pathological study of the surgical specimen showed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the cervix.Conclusions: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour remains a rare entity yet to be fully elucidated. The diagnosis is based on pathological study due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations and typical radiological images. Surgical resection is the most frequent treatment, whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy are restricted to locally advanced or metastatic disease. Tirosine kinase inhibitor Crizotinib has shown promising results specially in tumours harbouring ALK mutation.
Similar patterns of 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolism in paediatric and adult patients with long COVID: a paediatric case series
Authors: MORAND Aurelie , CAMPION Jacques-Yves , LEPINE Anne , BOSDURE Emmanuelle , LUCCIANI Léa , CAMMILLERI Serge , CHABROL Brigitte , Guedj Eric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Several weeks after COVID-19 infection, some children report the persistence or recurrence of functional complaints. This clinical presentation has been referred as “long COVID” in the adult population, and an 18F-FDG brain PET hypometabolic pattern has recently been suggested as a biomarker. Herein, we present a retrospective analysis of 7 paediatric patients with suspected long COVID who were explored by 18F-FDG brain PET exam. Metabolic brain findings were confronted to those obtained in adult patients with long COVID, in comparison to their respective age-matched control groups. Methods. Review of clinical examination, and whole-brain voxel-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET metabolism of the 7 children in comparison to 20 paediatric controls, 35 adult patients with long COVID and 44 healthy adult subjects. Results. Paediatric patients demonstrated a similair brain hypometabolic pattern as that found in adult long COVID patients, involving bilateral medial temporal lobes, brainstem and cerebellum (p-voxel < 0.001, p-cluster < 0.05 FWE-corrected), and also the right olfactory gyrus after small volume correction (p-voxel = 0.010 FWE-corrected), with partial recovery in two children at follow-up. Conclusion. These results provide arguments in favour of possible long COVID in children, with a similar functional brain involvement to those found in adults.
Limitations of the transmitted photonic spin Hall effect through layered structure
Authors: Miao Chong , Wang Dongxue , Herrmann Eric , Zheng Zhiyuan , Huang Haochong , Gao Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we show theoretically that the spin-dependent transverse shift of the transmitted photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) through layered structure cannot exceed half of the incident beam waist. Three conditions for obtaining the upper limit of the transmitted SHE are clarified in detail. In addition, different from the popular view in many investigations, we find that there is no positive correlation between the spin-dependent transverse displacement and the ratio between the Fresnel transmission coefficients (tp, ts). In contrast, the optimal transmission ratio is determined by the incident angle and the beam waist. Moreover, two conventional transmission structures are selected and studied in detail. The characteristics of the transverse displacements obtained are in very good agreement with our theoretical conclusions. These findings provide a deeper insight into the photonic spin Hall phenomena and offer a guide for future related research.
Effects of frequency detuning and excitation quantum number on the dynamics of entanglement in the Jaynes-Cummings polariton model
Authors: Mayero Christopher , Owiny Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a scheme for generating polaritons which are maximally entangled qubit states in the Jaynes-Cummings interaction mechanism. Considering a specific case of an atom initially in an excited state entering a cavity mode initially in vacuum state and in a non-resonant atom-field Jaynes-Cummings interaction, we demonstrate using graphical representation on the Bloch sphere that an increase in frequency detuning leads to an increase in Rabi oscillations. Analysis of the dynamical behaviour of quantum entanglement in the general Jaynes-Cummings atom-field interactions measured by concurrence show that frequency detuning and photon number parameters are vital in enhancing entanglement.
A data-driven method to predict achievability of clinical objectives in IMRT
Authors: Ranganathan Vaitheeswaran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When specifying a clinical objective for a target volume and normal organs/tissues in IMRT planning, the user may not be sure if the defined clinical objective could be achieved by the optimizer. To this end, we propose a novel method to predict the achievability of clinical objectives upfront before invoking the optimization. A new metric called “Geometric Complexity (GC)” is used to estimate the achievability of clinical objectives. Essentially GC is the measure of the number of “unmodulated” beamlets or rays that intersect the Region-of-interest (ROI) and the target volume. We first compute the geometric complexity ratio (GCratio) between the GC of a ROI in a reference plan and the GC of the same ROI in a given plan. The GCratio of a ROI indicates the relative geometric complexity of the ROI as compared to the same ROI in the reference plan. Hence GCratio can be used to predict if a defined clinical objective associated with the ROI can be met by the optimizer for a given case. We have evaluated the proposed method on six Head and Neck cases using Pinnacle3 (version 9.10.0) Treatment Planning System (TPS). Out of total of 42 clinical objectives from six cases accounted in the study, 37 were in agreement with the prediction, which implies an agreement of about 88% between predicted and obtained results. The results indicate the feasibility of using the proposed method in head and neck cases for predicting the achievability of clinical objectives.
A Novel Chemical Attack on Notch-mediated transcription by targeting the NACK ATPase
Authors: Diluvio G. , Kelley T. T. , Lahiry M. , Trotta A. Alvarez , Kolb E. M. , Shersher E. , Astudillo L. , Kovall R. A. , Schurer S. , Capobianco A. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Notch Activation Complex Kinase, NACK, is a component of the Notch transcriptional machinery critical to Notch-mediated tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which NACK regulates the Notch-mediated transcription is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that NACK binds and hydrolyses ATP and that only ATP-bound NACK is able to bind to the Notch Ternary Complex (NTC). Considering this we sought to identify inhibitors of this ATP-Dependent function and, using computational pipelines, discovered the first small molecule inhibitor of NACK, Z271-0326, that directly blocks the activity of Notch-mediated transcription and shows potent antitumor activity in PDX mouse models. In conclusion, we have discovered the first inhibitor that holds promise for efficacious treatment of Notch-driven cancers by blocking the Notch downstream NTC activity.
Using mHealth to Promote Mothers’ Brushing of Preschool Children’s Teeth: A Study Protocol using the Multi-phase Optimization Strategy (MOST)
Authors: Ihab Merna , Din Wafaa Essam El , Ammar Nour , Yassin Randa , Tantawi Maha El 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Early childhood caries is a highly prevalent disease affecting young children. Parental brushing of children’s teeth is recommended during preschool years. Interventions to promote parental brushing of children’s teeth are assessed as a package in randomized clinical trials and the efficacy of separate components is not known. Methods and Analysis The aim of this study is to develop an optimized behavior modification intervention to increase mothers’ brushing of their pre-school children’s teeth using the Multi-phase Optimization Strategy (MOST) guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Behavior change will be assessed by the percent reduction in children’s dental plaque index after 6 months and mothers’ reporting of toothbrushing frequency. Two phases of MOST will be carried out. First: the preparation phase comprises the development of a conceptual framework, identifying candidate components, conducting a feasibility pilot study to assess the acceptability and the design features of three intervention components (motivational interviewing (MI), and two mobile health (mHealth) components: oral health promotion messages, and storytelling videos delivered using WhatsApp messenger) in addition to setting an optimization objective. Second: the optimization phase constitutes a factorial trial assessing the three intervention components and developing the intervention by selecting the most effective components within the optimization constraint. Each component will be set at two levels: yes (the intervention is applied) and no (the intervention is not applied). A linear regression model will be used to assess the effect of the intervention components on the percent reduction in dental plaque index (primary outcome measure). The secondary outcome measure is the change in the frequency of mother’s brushing of the child’s teeth. The combination of components making up the new optimized intervention will be selected.Discussion This will be the first study to apply the MOST framework in the field of dentistry. The results of this study can guide to the development of an optimized behaviour modification interventions using mHealth and MI. Trial Registration This trial was registered on June 11th, 2021, in Clinical trials.gov. Registration number: NCT04923581.
Problems of Developing Leadership Potential at the Regional Level
Authors: Filippov I. M. 
Published: July 2021

In current conditions of digital transformation, the study of youth leadership is of particular practical importance. Knowledge of the characteristics of information and mass consciousness, psychological and social characteristics of the functioning of youth leadership, the willingness of the masses to follow the leader in the youth environment, acquire special significance. The research in the field of youth leadership shows that extracurricular, social work does not always create optimal conditions for the formation of leadership qualities of a young person. Young people today are immersed in digital technology, hence, the previous practices of identifying and developing leadership qualities no longer work in the youth environment.The purpose of this research in the field of leadership development is to identify problems in the formation of leadership potential and their actualization at the regional level. This should contribute to a better empirical understanding of some important aspects of the leadership development process. The author proceeds on the assumption that occasional, local survey-based research projects are unlikely to add much value to this nascent science of leadership development. In contrast, methodological and analytical approaches based on a personalized approach to leader development are likely to provide more information than those that attempt to model average trends in a given sample.
Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap S. aureus (ATCC 25923)
Authors: Khasanah Anis Uswatun , Nastiti Sri Juni 
Published: July 2021

Tobacco leaf contains bioactive compounds as antibacterial. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria causing several infection diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the active compounds group that have antibacterial against and determine the optimum concentration which was able to inhibit S.aureus ATCC 25923 activity in tobacco leaf extract. The assay of inhibitory activity of tobacco leaf extract was carried out qualitatively using diffusion disc method at various concentration of tobacco leaf extract; 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Gradual maceration (M2) and total maceration were used to perform the extraction process, using methanol 70% and etanol 96% as the solvent. Thin Layer Chromatografi (TLC) assay were carried out to identify the bioactive compounds. The results showed that the methanol (M2) and etanol (E) extract of tobacco leaf had antibacterial avtivity against S.aureus. Their bactericidal activity (inner diameter of inhibition) was 12,5 mm, and bacteriostatic (outer diameter inhibition) was 20 mm. The optimum concentration of antibacterial methanol extract was 50%, and the optimum concentration of antibacterial etanol extract was 60%. It was found that the antibacterial compound was detected as flavonoid and terpenoid.
Towards design of compound channels with minimum overall cost through grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Nouri Aida , Shahnazi Saman , Azamathulla Hazi Md 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The significant role of open channels in agriculture include supplying drinking water, industry, irrigation and flood control, making these hydraulic structures an integral part of the water conveyance system. Determination of optimum dimensions with minimum construction costs is considered as the primary concern when designing artificial open channels. To achieve this, the compound channels were evaluated with the following constraints, viz. composite roughness, velocity, Froude number and channel stability. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) was used to determine the optimal geometry of the channel. Optimization results clearly showed that the variation of roughness coefficient and the increase of factor of safety increased costs by 60 and 20% respectively. The optimum suitable cross-section for the compound channels was obtained by conducting various model scenarios.
Lower Tibial Shaft Spiral Fracture Concurrent with Distal Tibial Triplane Fracture
Authors: Cao Lei , Han Shu-Man , Wu Hui-Zhao , Wen Jin-Xu , Guo Zhe , Wu Wen-Juan , Gao Bu-Lang 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The clinical and imaging features of lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent
with distal tibial triplane fracture are not clear.

Introduction:
This study was conducted to investigate these features for correct diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of possible premature physeal arrest or angular deformation.

Method:
Patients with lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent with distal tibial triplane fracture
were enrolled, and the clinical, imaging, treatment and follow-up data were analyzed.

Result:
Five patients with lower tibial shaft spiral fracture concurrent with distal tibial triplane
fracture were found including four men and one woman with an age range of 12-15 years (mean
13.6). Injury to the distal tibial epiphysis was missed in the diagnosis in plain radiography reports,
but careful reevaluation confirmed distal tibial epiphysis fracture in four cases including Salter-Harris
type II in three cases and type III in one case. The remaining case had no apparent distal tibial
epiphysis injury in the plain radiograph. CT scan revealed that all five patients had distal tibial triplane
fracture of the lateral type including two fragments in three cases and three fragments in two
cases. The fracture was divided into type I(within the articular weight-bearing line) in three cases,
type II (outside the articular weight-bearing line) in two cases based on the involvement of the articular
surface by the fracture line. For the lower tibial fracture, one patient was treated with closed reduction
and fixation with an elastic nail, three patients had internal plate fixation, and the remaining
patient had cast immobilization. Followed up for 3-11 months (mean 7), all the distal tibial fractures
and the triplane fractures were healed without varus or valgus deformity in the ankle.

Conclusion :
Distal tibial triplane fracture can be readily missed in plain radiography and should be
suspected in patients with distal tibial spiral fracture which should be evaluated with a computed tomographic
scan.
GEREA: Prediction of Gene Expression Regulators from Transcriptome Profiling Data to Transition Networks
Authors: Yao Min , Jiang Caiyun , Li Chenglong , Li Yongxia , Jiang Shan , He Liang , Xiao Hong , Quan Jima , Huang Xiali , Huang Tinghua 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Mammalian genes are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional
levels. These mechanisms may involve the direct promotion or inhibition of transcription
via a regulator or post-transcriptional regulation through factors such as micro (mi)RNAs.

Objective:
Construct gene regulation relationships modulated by causality inference-based miRNA-
(transition factor)-(target gene) networks and analysis gene expression data to identify gene expression
regulators.

Methods:
Mouse gene expression regulation relationships were manually curated from literature
using a text mining method which were then employed to generate miRNA-(transition factor)-
(target gene) networks. An algorithm was then introduced to identify gene expression regulators
from transcriptome profiling data by applying enrichment analysis to these networks.

Results:
A total of 22,271 mouse gene expression regulation relationships were curated for 4,018
genes and 242 miRNAs. GEREA software was developed to perform the integrated analyses. We
applied the algorithm to transcriptome data for synthetic miR-155 oligo-treated mouse CD4+ Tcells
and confirmed that miR-155 is an important network regulator. The software was also tested
on publicly available transcriptional profiling data for Salmonella infection, resulting in the identification
of miR-125b as an important regulator.

Conclusion:
The causality inference-based miRNA-(transition factor)-(target gene) networks serve
as a novel resource for gene expression regulation research, and GEREA is an effective and useful
adjunct to the currently available methods. The regulatory networks and the algorithm implemented
in the GEREA software package are available under a free academic license at
http://www.thua45.cn/gerea.