bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is Needed to Sustain Improvements in Hospital Practices Post-COVID-19? A Qualitative Study of Interprofessional Dissonance in Hospital Infection Prevention and Control
Authors: Gilbert Gwendolyn L , Kerridge Ian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHospital infection prevention and control (IPC) depends on consistent practice to achieve its purpose. Standard precautions are embedded in modern healthcare policies, but not uniformly observed by all clinicians. Well-documented differences in attitudes to IPC, between doctors and nurses, contribute to suboptimal IPC practices and persistence of preventable healthcare-associated infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected healthcare professionals’ work-practices, lives and health and increased awareness and observance of IPC. Successful transition of health services to a ‘post-COVID-19’ future, will depend on sustainable integration of lessons learnt into routine practice. MethodsThe aim of this pre-COVID-19 qualitative study was to investigate factors influencing doctors’ IPC attitudes and practices, whether they differ from those of nurses and, if so, how this affects interprofessional relationships. We hypothesised that better understanding would guide new strategies to achieve more effective IPC. We interviewed 26 senior clinicians (16 doctors and 10 nurses) from a range of specialties, at a large Australian tertiary hospital. Interview transcripts were reviewed iteratively, and themes identified inductively, using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsParticipants from both professions painted clichéd portraits of ‘typical’ doctors and nurses and recounted unflattering anecdotes of their IPC behaviours. Doctors were described as self-directed and often unaware or disdainful of IPC rules; while nurses were portrayed as slavishly following rules, ostensibly to protect patients, irrespective of risk or evidence. Many participants believed that doctors object to being reminded of IPC requirements by nurses, despite many senior doctors having limited knowledge of correct IPC practice. Overall, participants’ comments suggested that the ‘doctor-nurse game’ - described in the 1960s, to exemplify the complex power disparity between professions - is still in play, despite changes in both professions, in the interim.Conclusions The results suggest that interprofessional differences and inconsistencies constrain IPC practice improvement. IPC inconsistencies and failures can be catastrophic, but the common threat of COVID-19 has promoted focus and unity. Appropriate implementation of IPC policies should be context-specific and respect the needs and expertise of all stakeholders. We propose an ethical framework to guide interprofessional collaboration in establishing a path towards sustained improvements in IPC and bio-preparedness.
Extracorporeal Life Support for Severely Burned Patients with Concurrent Inhalation Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Experience From A Military Medical Burn Center
Authors: Huang Chih-Han , Tsai Chien-Sung , Chen Jia-Lin , Liu Hung-Hui , Tsai Yi-Ting , Lin Chih-Yuan , Ke Hung-Yen , Lai Chung-Yu , Hsu Po-Shun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Both inhalation injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are risk factors that predict mortality in severely burned patients. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is widely used to rescue these patients; however, its efficacy and safety in this critical population have not been well defined. We report our experience of using ECLS for treatment of severely burned patients with concurrent inhalation injury and ARDS. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 14 patients, including 10 males and four females, collected from a single medical burn center from 2012 to 2019. The mean age was 38.6±12.3 (range, 19-59) years. All suffered from major burns with inhalation injury. The average total body surface area of deep dermal or full thickness (DD/FT) burns was 81.6±20.0% (range, 47–99%). The average revised Baux score was 137.3 ± 22.6 (range, 107 – 172). All had developed ARDS with mean PaO2/FiO2 of 67.8±17.3. Indications for ECLS included sustained hypoxemia and unstable hemodynamics. The mean interval for initiating ECLS was 20.3 ± 40.8 days (range, 1-156 days). Results: The mean duration of ECLS was 5.0±5.6 days (range, 0.3-16.7 days). The overall survival to discharge was 42.8%. Causes of death included sepsis (n=4) and multiple organ failure (n=4). The ECLS-related complications included cannulation bleeding, catheter-related infection, and hemolysis. The predicted risk factors of mortality before ECLS included lactate>8 mmol/L and Baux score>120. Conclusions: For severely burned patients with concurrent inhalation injury and ARDS, ECLS could be a salvage treatment to improve sustained hypoxemia. However, the efficacy of hemodynamic support seemed limited. Definite ECLS indications and rigorous patient selection would contribute to better clinical outcomes.
Detection and Isolation of Selfish Nodes in MANET Using Collaborative Contact-Based Watchdog With Chimp-AODV
Authors: Sherif Bismin V , Salini P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the most important self-configuring and independent wireless network. Numerous intermediate nodes are used among MANET to interchange the information without the requirement of any centralized infrastructure. But some nodes act selfishly and utilize the resources only for their own purposes and do not share with the neighbors. This selfish nodes might delay or drop the packet and do not perform routing. Though watchdog is a well-known selfish node detection technique, it causes false negatives and false positives that can affect the performance in terms of precision and speed. To eliminate the drawbacks of existing approaches in selfish node detection, this paper integrates both Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol incorporated with chimp optimization algorithm and Collaborative Contact based Watchdog to propose a novel technique called Chimp-CoCoWa-AODV in order to improve the performance of MANET. The main role of chimp optimization algorithm in AODV is to undergo optimal route selection process. The performance of the proposed Chimp-CoCoWa-AODV approach is compared with existing approaches in terms of average routing load, Average Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF), Average End-to-end Delay (EED), Average Throughput, Total packet drop in the application layer, and maliciously dropped packet in the routing layer. The simulation results shows that the proposed approach is effective with 82% PDF and 7.4 ms EED at 50 nodes in detection and isolation of selfish nodes in MANET even in the presence of malicious node.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Different Population Groups in China: a National Multi-Center Online Survey
Authors: Huang Yiman , Su Xiaoyou , Xiao Weijun , Wang Hao , Si Mingyu , Wang Wenjun , Gu Xiaofen , Ma Li , Li Li , Zhang Shaokai , Yang Chunxia , Yu Yanqin , Qiao Youlin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 vaccine has been available in China since the beginning of the 2021, however, certain numbers of people are reluctant for some reasons to vaccinate. The high vaccine coverage is crucial for controlling disease transmission. Meanwhile, the vaccine hesitancy might be a barrier to the establishment of sufficient herd immunization. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among different population groups, and explores the characteristics of different groups about vaccine hesitancy and common barriers and facilitators to vaccination decisions.Methods: The current survey was performed among students, public health professionals, medical workers and general population from January to March 2021 among Chinese from seven cities located in seven geographical territories of China. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic information, concerns about COVID-19 epidemic, general vaccination behavior and attitudes, the General Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and other potential factors of vaccine hesitancy. Univariate analysis was conducted by chi-squared test, and variables were significant at P < 0.10 were then included in a multivariable regression model.Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 64.1% in our study, and a higher prevalence (73.7%) was in public health professionals compared to students (58.3%), medical workers (64.9%) and general population (61.1%). The results of multivariate analysis indicated that public health professionals were more likely to be hesitant against COVID-19 vaccine than general population (OR: 1.469, 95% CI: 1.069-2.019. And participants who needed transparent information about COVID-19 vaccine development, efficacy and safety (OR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.343-1.928) and who have received negative information of COVID-19 vaccine (OR: 1.300, 95% CI: 1.130-1.496) were more likely to have vaccine hesitancy.Conclusions: Appropriate training in knowledge and communication skills about vaccines are necessary for public health professionals to help themselves and the public to increase their willingness of vaccination. Reducing the spread of misinformation and disseminating facts in a timely and accurate way will likely reduce vaccine hesitancy. Also, to establish suitable communication strategies between the government and the public and a warning system on infodemic would be helpful to improve public’s confidence in vaccination.
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate To Lipid Ratios On Growth Performance, Body Composition, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Lipid Metabolism And Gene Expression of Central Appetite Regulating Factors In Chinese Perch (Siniperca Chuatsi)
Authors: Peng Di , Liang Xu-Fang , Chai Farui , Feng Hexiong , Li Jiao , Tang Shulin , Lu Ke , Zhang Qiwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO: L) ratios on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism and gene expression of central appetite regulating factors in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) (mean initial weight: 12.86 ± 0.10 g). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (fish meal, casein as main protein sources) were formulated to contain different graded CHO:L ratio diets ranging from 0.12, 0.86, 1.71, 3.29 and 7.19. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 18 experimental fish for 8 weeks. Our results revealed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with dietary CHO:L ratio from 0.12 to 1.71, and then decreased with further increases in dietary CHO:L ratio. A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on WGR showed that the optimal dietary CHO: L level for maximum growth performance of fish was 1.60. Crude lipid and crude protein content in the liver and glycogen concentration in the muscle and liver were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (P < 0.05). The lowest crude lipid content in the liver was observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.71(P < 0.05). Dietary CHO:L ratios significantly induced the Glu contents of serum (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as srebp1 and fas in the liver showed a trend of first decreased and then increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratios levels. Appropriate CHO:L ratio in the diet can effectively reduce the accumulation of liver fat. We observed in fish fed the 1.71 CHO:L ratio diet showed higher feed intake, up‐regulated mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti gene-related protein (AGRP), down‐regulated mRNA expression of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and pro‐opiomelanocorticoid (POMC) significantly as compared to control group. Thus, these results provide the theoretical basis for feed formulation to determine the appropriate CHO:L ratio requirement of Chinese perch.
High Expression of PC4 is Associate With Lymphatic Metastasis and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Probably via CCR7/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 Cascade
Authors: Tao ShaoLin , Wang XueMei , Wu LiCheng , Shen Cheng , Tan QunYou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: PC4 is a novel marker for diagnosis and treatment of advanced human cancers metastasis. This study aimed to verify that high expression of PC4 is associated with lymphatic metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma probably via CCR7/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 cascade.Methods: PC4 protein expressions in 96 lung adenocarcinoma cases, CCR7/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 protein expressions in 23 lung adenocarcinoma cases, and PC4 clinical outcome in 83 lung adenocarcinoma cases and TCGA as validation were evaluated, respectively. Small interfering RNA was used to explore the relationship of PC4 and the VEGF-C/VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 axis in A549 cells. The correlations between PC4 and CCR7, CCR7 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 were analyzed in A549 cells and adenocarcinoma tissues, respectively.Results: The results shown PC4 protein highly expressed in tumor tissue compared with normal lung tissue. High expressions of PC4 were remarkably associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.032), lymphatic metastasis (P=0.004) and poor clinical outcomes (the cohort: HR: 2.135, 95% CI: 1.279-3.562; TCGA: HR: 2.983, 95% CI: 1.249-7.127) in lung adenocarcinoma. CCR7 expressions were remarkably decreased after PC4 RNAi in A549 cells, and significantly correlated with the expressions of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in adenocarcinoma tissues.Conclusion: CCR7/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expressions in lung adenocarcinoma were closely associated with lymphatic metastasis. Overexpression of PC4 is a predictor of lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. PC4 plays important oncogenic roles probably via activation of CCR7/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3, which warrants further study.
Independent and Combined Influences of Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep Quality on Adiposity Indicators in Indian Adolescents
Authors: Moitra Panchali , Madan Jagmeet , Verma Preeti 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Inadequate physical activity (PA), excess screen time (ST), and sub-optimal sleep quality tend to co-occur during adolescence. Yet, little is known about the associations of these behaviors as a cluster with adiposity indicators in Indian adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and combined influences of PA, ST, and sleep quality on body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) in 10-15 years old adolescents in Mumbai, India. A secondary aim was to explore if these influences vary between sexes.Methods: Cross sectional study. Adolescents (n=772, mean age 13.2 (1.4) years) reported frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and time using screens on a previously validated instrument. Sleep quality was estimated using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Mixed effect logistic regression analyses were performed to explore associations between adiposity indicators (BMI z scores > +1SD and WHtR > 0.5) and unhealthy behaviors (PA< 60min/d, ST > 120 min/d and PSQI scores >5), stratified by sex. Results: The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.3%. Overall, 62.0% and 85.0% reported MVPA< 60min/d and ST> 120min/d respectively. Girls reported higher ST (218.21 (69.01) min/d as compared to boys (165.3 (101.22) min/d, p < 0.001). Clustering of low PA and excess ST was observed in 69.2% and of all three unhealthy behaviors in 18.8%. Among girls, MVPA < 60 min/d (OR= 1.78, 95% CI 1.54-1.92, p < 0.001) and PSQI scores > 5 (OR= 2.01, 95% CI 1.78-2.25, p < 0.001) predicted increased BMI. The odds of being overweight was 2.10 times higher in boys reporting low PA and 4.13 times higher in those with low PA+ ST > 120min/d. Clustering of all three unhealthy behaviors increased obesity risk in both sexes.Conclusions: The results indicated a co-existence of multiple unhealthy lifestyle factors of obesity and that clustering of these behaviors can further aggravate obesity risk as compared to their independent effects. Integrated interventions that leverage the cumulative benefits of being active, less sedentary, and sufficient sleep are warranted to facilitate greater improvements in obesity risk behaviors.
Design and Implementation of a Software-Based Advance Electronic Voting Machine Using Automatic Registration and Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Arshad Jehangir , Farooq-i-Azam Muhammad , Khan Ayesha , Irshad Muhammad , Noman Sohail M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In democratic countries, free and fair elections are required to quantify the populace's sentiments to form a government of representatives. It is challenging to maneuver due to the procedural variation from country to country and complexity. As paper-based electoral systems are slow and prone to error that take hours and ample manpower to announce the results, thus a secure efficient electoral system is always preferred. In this paper, we have proposed a secure implementation of auto-registration fingerprint identification-based electronic voting systems to overcome the aspect of accuracy and transparency. We have included a novel feature of automated registration to authenticate the user through identity before the vote casting. Moreover, credentials of voters are collected in a database including fingerprints, and communication of encrypted data between server and machine with secured Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Additionally, the voter can cast their votes through a touch screen Graphical User Interface (GUI), and once the voting time end, the screen can automatically disappear by authorizing admin to print Form-45. Conclusively, the proposed system count votes automatically that is much faster and accurate than the traditional voting techniques. Moreover, the results will be available to the general public in 1-2 hours which ensures fair elections.
Cloning and Function Analysis of a Novel Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi65 in Japonica Rice
Authors: Wang Lili , Ma Zuobin , Kang Houxiang , Gu Shuang , Mukhina Zhanna , Wang Changhua , Wang Hui , Bai Yuanjun , Sui Guomin , Zheng Wenjing , Ma Dianrong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rice blast seriously threatens rice production worldwide. Utilizing the rice blast resistance gene to breed the rice blast resistant varieties is one of the best ways to control rice blast disease. Using a map-based cloning strategy, here, we cloned a novel rice blast resistance gene, Pi65 from the resistant variety GangYu129 (abbreviated GY129, O. sativa japonica ). Overexpression of Pi65 in the susceptible variety LiaoXing1 (abbreviated LX1, O. sativa japonica ) enhanced rice blast resistance, while knockout of Pi65 in GY129 resulted in susceptible to rice blast disease. Pi65 encodes two transmembrane domains, with 15 LRR domains and one serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain, conferring resistance to isolates of M. oryzae collected from northeast China. There are sixteen amino acids differences between the Pi65 resistance and susceptible alleles. Compared with the Pi65 resistant allele, the susceptible allele deleted one LRR domain. Pi65 was constitutively expressed in whole plants, and it could be induce expressed in the early stage of M. oryzae infection . Transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with disease resistance were specifically upregulated in GY129 24-hour post inoculation (HPI), on the contrary, the photosynthesis-and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were particularly downregulated 24 HPI, demonstrating that the disease resistance associated genes has been activated in GY129 (carrying Pi65 ) after rice blast fungal infection, and the cellular basal and energy metabolism was inhibited simultaneously. Our study provides genetic resources for improving rice blast resistance as well as enriches the study of rice blast resistance mechanisms.
A Novel Secured Euclidean Space Points Algorithm for Blind Spatial Image Watermarking
Authors: Shaik Hedayath Basha , B Jaison 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Digital raw images obtained from the data set of various organizations require authentication, copyright protection, and security with simple processing. New Euclidean space point’s algorithm is proposed to authenticate the images by embedding binary logos in the digital images in the spatial domain. Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocol is implemented along with the Euclidean space axioms to maintain security for the proposed work. The proposed watermarking methodology is tested on the standard set of raw grayscale and RGB color images. The watermarked images are sent in the email, WhatsApp, and Facebook and analyzed. Standard watermarking attacks are also applied to the watermarked images and analyzed. The finding shows that there are no image distortions in the communication medium of email and WhatsApp. But in the Facebook platform, raw images experience compression and observed exponential noise on the digital images. The authentication and copyright protection is tested from the processed Facebook images, it is found that the embedded logo could be recovered and seen with added noise distortions. So the proposed method offers authentication and security with compression attacks. Similarly, it is found that the proposed methodology is robust to JPEG compression, image tampering attacks like collage attack, image cropping, rotation, salt, and pepper noise, sharpening filter, semi-robust to Gaussian filtering, and image resizing, and fragile to other geometrical attacks. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve is drawn and found that the area under the curve is approximately equal to unity and restoration accuracy of [67 to 100]% for various attacks.
Study on Molecular Mechanism of Benzo (ɑ) pyrene on CMA by HSP90ɑ and HIF-1ɑ
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Liu Tingting , Chen Qi , Su Min , Bai Tuya , Zhang Mengdi , Hu Yuxia , Li Jun , Chang Fuhou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The effects of benzo (α) pyrene (BaP) on molecular chaperone autophagy (CMA) through heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) were studied by RNA interference and subcutaneous tumor formation technique in nude mice. METHODS: 40 nude mice inoculated with the shHSP90ɑ A549 cell line under the armpits of the forelimbs were divided into 4 groups, 1.80 mg/kg/d BaP-corn oil solution was intragastrically administered for 60 days (except the Control group), and the growth of nude mice and transplanted tumors was recorded curve. The size and morphological changes of tumors were observed by small animal imaging technique and HE staining method. qPCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HSP90ɑ, HSC70 and Lamp-2A. A549 cells were treated with 0.1μmol/L, 1μmol/L and 10μmol/L BaP for 24h, EPO, HIF-1ɑ concentration and HIF-1ɑ protein expression were detected by Elisa and Western blot; A549 cells were treated with 10μmol/L BaP and added HIF-1ɑ inhibitor 24h, qPCR, Western blot and Immunofluorescence method were used to detect the expression of HSP90ɑ, HSC70 and Lamp-2A. RESULTS: BaP can reduce silence HSP90ɑ the weight of nude mice and transplanted tumors (P<0.01); BaP can reduce silence HSP90ɑ the expression of HSP90ɑ, HSC70, Lamp-2A mRNA and protein in transplanted tumor tissues (P<0.05); BaP has no significant difference in the organization structure of silence HSP90ɑ and non-silence HSP90ɑ; BaP can reduce the total number of bioluminescence photons of silence HSP90ɑ transplanted tumors (P<0.01). 10μmol/L BaP can increase the concentration of EPO and HIF-1ɑ and the expression of HIF-1ɑ protein in A549 cells (P<0.05); and after adding HIF-1ɑ inhibitors treat A549 cells, HSP90ɑ, HSC70, Lamp-2A mRNA and protein expression were decreased (P<0.05), and the fluorescence intensity of HSP90ɑ was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: BaP can promote the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mice, while the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mice is inhibited shHSP90ɑ. BaP promotes the occurrence of CMA by promoting the expression of HSP90ɑ and HIF-1ɑ, which are important regulatory genes for BaP to activate CMA.