bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human assist control considering shape of target system
Authors: Furusawa Shoma , Nakamura Hisakazu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman operational errors, especially those that result in car crashes, are recognized as a significant issue in modern society. Recently, assistance with control systems operated by humans has generated interest in its detailed investigation. Previously, to avoid collisions with obstacles as a result of arbitrary human input, control barrier function‐based collision avoidance methods have been utilized. However, safety can only be guaranteed in the condition that a target system is a point. In this paper, we propose a new control barrier function that can guarantee the safety of the entire shape of the control target. We design a lane‐keeping assistance system that considers the shape of a target system for a rear‐wheel‐drive car with a control barrier function. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulation.
Perceived helpfulness of depression treatments among young adults with autism
Authors: Zheng Shuting , Taylor Julie Lounds , Adams Ryan , Pezzimenti Florencia , Bishop Somer L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrently available treatments for depression show limited effectiveness in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on measures of symptom changes and clinician impressions. Perceived helpfulness is another metric that has been found to be useful for understanding treatment outcomes in the general population, but it has not yet been explored in adults with ASD. Thus, the current study collected online survey data to examine patient‐perceived treatment helpfulness in a sample of 144 adults with ASD who reported that they were currently receiving community‐based treatment for depression. Findings indicate that while there was variability in the levels of perceived helpfulness for both medication and individual therapy, most adults with ASD perceived treatment to be at least moderately helpful. Notably, adults with ASD reported having been in treatment for a prolonged duration (5 to 6 years). Ordinal logistic regression models showed that adults with more depressive symptoms perceived treatments to be less helpful (i.e., medications: odds ratio [OR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.89–0.95; individual therapy: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99). Moreover, women perceived medication as more helpful than men (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.13–4.82). Other individual (i.e., age, race, education level) and treatment (i.e., treatment length, concurrent treatment) characteristics were not significantly associated with perceived helpfulness. These findings suggest that future studies may want to use perceived helpfulness, in addition to traditionally used objective outcomes, to understand patients' treatment experience and evaluate depression treatments for adults with ASD.Lay summaryAdults with autism are much more likely to be depressed than those without autism; therefore, effective depression treatments are necessary to improve mental health outcomes in this group. This online survey study found that most adults with autism felt that the depression treatments they were receiving in the community (i.e., medication and individual therapy) were helpful. Females and those with fewer symptoms of depression felt treatments were more helpful compared with males and those with more symptoms of depression. Our findings suggest that when examining whether treatments for depression are effective, it may be important to measure adults' feelings about the helpfulness of the treatments in addition to measuring changes in symptoms of depression.
Buccal Pedicle Flap Combined With Porcine Collagen Matrix: A Follow‐Up of 2 Years on 40 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Tabanella Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionA thick peri‐implant mucosa is of importance to prevent recession, color alterations, bone remodeling and promote “creeping attachment.” A volume stable porcine cross‐linked collagen matrix has been recently introduced for soft tissue regeneration and volume maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate peri‐implant soft tissue healing and stability on 40 consecutive patients treated with buccal pedicle flap combined with the use of the collagen matrix.Case SeriesThe buccal pedicle flap combined with a volume stable collagen matrix was executed at second stage surgery. The average initial mucosa thickness was 1.32 mm whereas the average band of keratinized mucosa was 1.65 mm and the height 1.3 mm. Four months after surgical procedure and before delivering the final restoration, the peri‐implant soft tissue measurements were significantly increased: the average band of keratinized mucosa was 5.10 mm, the mucosa thickness was 3.27 mm, and the mucosa height was 3.32 mm. After 2 years of follow‐up, the superimposition of 3D models described an overall volumetric stability of the augmented mucosa with no signs of soft tissue collapse.ConclusionThe proposed modified buccal pedicle flap was demonstrated to perform well in terms of decreased morbidity, maintenance of blood supply, stabilization of the pedicle, superior haemostasis, and speed of treatment. No significant variations of the keratinized tissue were registered when the buccal pedicle flap was executed in conjunction with the collagen matrix that however provided color match with the surrounding tissue as well as an increased mucosa thickness.
Hazard characterization of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity for short chain primary nitroalkanes
Authors: Garnick Lindsey , Gillie Caroline , Kozal Jordan , Monnot Andy , Spencer Pamela , Quinn Jordan , Maier Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitroalkanes are organic aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds with a nitro moiety that are commonly used as solvents or intermediates to synthesize a variety of organic compounds due to their inherent reactivity. In June 2020, a harmonized classification and labeling (CLH) proposal was submitted to the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) for the following harmonized carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity (“CMR”) classifications for nitromethane (NM), nitroethane (NE), and 1‐nitropropane (1‐NP): NM Carc. 1B and Repr. 1B; NE Repr. 1B; and 1‐NP Repr. 2. In this assessment, a weight of evidence (WoE) evaluation of studies on animal carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, and mode of action for these three nitroalkanes was performed to critically assess the relevance of the proposed CMR classifications. Overall, the WoE indicates that NM, NE, and 1‐NP are not carcinogenic, genotoxic, nor selective reproductive or developmental toxicants. Based on our analysis, classifying NM, NE, and 1‐NP as Category 2 reproductive toxicants is most appropriate. Furthermore, not classifying NE and 1‐NP with respect to their carcinogenicity is appropriate based on the available studies for this endpoint coupled with negative results in genotoxicity studies, metabolism data, and in silico predictions. We determined that the classification for NM of Carc. 1B is not appropriate, based on the fact that rat mammary and harderian tumors are likely not relevant to humans and lung and liver tumors reported in mice were equivocal in their dose–response and statistical significance.
Development of biodegradable webs of PLA/PCL blends prepared via electrospinning: Morphological, chemical, and thermal characterization
Authors: Oztemur Janset , Yalcin‐Enis Ipek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiodegradable polymers have a mean role to mimic native tissues and allow cells to penetrate, grow, and proliferate with their advanced features in tissue engineering applications. The physiological, chemical, mechanical, and biological qualities of the surfaces, which are presented from biodegradable polymers, affect the final properties of the scaffolds. In this study, it is aimed to produce fibrous webs by electrospinning method for tissue engineering applications using two different biopolymers, polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). These polymers are used either alone or in a blended form (PLA/PCL, 1/1 wt.). Within the scope of the study, polymer concentrations (6, 8 and 10%) and solvent types (used for chloroform/ethanol/acetic acid mixture, PCL and PLA/PCL mixtures, and chloroform/acetone, PLA) vary as solution parameters. Fibrous webs are investigated in terms of morphological, chemical, and thermal characteristics. Results show continuous fibers are examined for 8 or 10% polymer concentrations with an average fiber diameter of 1.3–2.7 μm and pore area of 4–9 μm2. No fiber formation is observed in sample groups with a polymer concentration of 6% and beaded structures are formed. Water contact angle analysis proves the hydrophobic properties of PLA and PCL, whereas Fourier‐transform infrared results show there is no solution residue on the surfaces, so there is no toxic effect. Also, in differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the characteristic crystallization peaks of the polymers are recognized, and when the polymers are in a blend, it beholds that they have effects on each other's crystallization.
The role of Vitamin B12 and genetic risk factors in the etiology of neural tube defects: A systematic review
Authors: Wahbeh Farah , Manyama Mange 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are birth defects that arise during embryogenesis when normal neural tube closure fails to occur. According to the World Health Organization, NTDs are detected annually in approximately 300,000 neonates worldwide. The exact etiology of NTDs remains complex and poorly understood. It is generally agreed that most NTD cases are of multifactorial origin, having a combination of multiple genes and a number of environmental risk factors. The role of folic acid, vitamin B12 deficiency, genetics and other risk factors, in the etiology of NTDs, has also been extensively studied. This knowledge synthesis brings together different types of evidence to update the role of vitamin B12 deficiency, genetics and other risk factors, in the etiology of NTDs. Following a PubMed search and screening for relevant articles, we included 40 studies in our review (30 case–control studies, 3 cross‐sectional studies, 5 cohort studies, and 2 case reports). The available data showed that vitamin B12 levels were decreased in mothers and infants in NTD groups compared with control groups. Holo‐transcobalamin, the active form of vitamin B12, was also found in lower levels in mothers with NTD‐affected infants. Several studies reported elevated homocysteine levels in mothers and infants in NTD groups. Additionally, numerous studies reported links between genetic variants and increased NTD risk. These genes include GIF, LRP2, CUBN, TCb1R, MTHFR, and others. Several maternal factors have also been linked with significant NTD risk such as BMI, maternal diet, air pollutants, low maternal age, and many others. The majority of studies on NTDs have focused on the role of folic acid, hence there is a need for well‐designed studies on the role of other risk factors like vitamin B12 deficiency in the etiology of NTDs.
Modulation of stimulated dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens shell by GABA in vitro: Effect of sub‐chronic phencyclidine pretreatment
Authors: Ferdinand Jacqueline‐Marie , Peters Kate Z. , Yavas Ersin , Young Andrew M. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDopamine signaling in nucleus accumbens (NAc) is modulated by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), acting through GABA‐A and GABA‐B receptors: dysregulation of GABAergic control of dopamine function may be important in behavioral deficits in schizophrenia. We investigated the effect of GABA‐A (muscimol) and GABA‐B (baclofen) receptor agonists on electrically stimulated dopamine release. Furthermore, we explored whether drug‐induced changes were disrupted by pretreatment with phencyclidine, which provides a well‐validated model of schizophrenia. Using brain slices from female rats, fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry was used to measure electrically stimulated dopamine release in NAc shell. Both muscimol and baclofen caused concentration‐dependent attenuation of evoked dopamine release: neither effect was changed by dihydro‐β‐erythroidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, or the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)‐type glutamate receptor antagonist, 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), precluding indirect mechanisms using these transmitter systems in the GABAergic actions. In slices taken from rats pretreated with phencyclidine, the attenuation of evoked dopamine release by baclofen was abolished, but the attenuation by muscimol was unaffected. Since phencyclidine pretreatment was followed by drug‐free washout period of at least a week, the drug was not present during recording. Therefore, disruption of GABA‐B modulation of dopamine is due to long‐term functional changes resulting from the treatment, rather than transient changes due to the drug's presence at test. This enduring dysregulation of GABA‐B modulation of accumbal dopamine release provides a plausible mechanism through which GABA dysfunction influences accumbal dopamine leading to behavioral changes seen in schizophrenia and may provide a route for novel therapeutic strategies to treat the condition.
Thermal buckling of trapezoidal composite laminated plates with embedded shape memory alloys
Authors: Yas Mohammad Hossein , Basati Fatemeh , Kamarian Saeed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present work deals with thermal buckling of trapezoidal composite plates with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. In order to estimate the thermomechanical behavior of SMAs, Brinson's model is applied. The thermal buckling equations are derived based on first‐order shear deformation theory, and then solved by means of two‐dimensional generalized differential quadrature method. A parametric study is performed to demonstrate the influence of some parameters such as volume fraction and pre‐strain of SMA wires, the geometric properties, lay‐up configuration, as well as boundary conditions on the critical buckling temperature of trapezoidal composite plates. Numerical results state that the positive effects of SMA wires are restricted to a limited range of thickness and temperature. Results also show that SMA wires can play a destructive role in the thermal buckling behavior of trapezoidal plates, depending on the geometry of the structure, stacking sequence of layers, and boundary conditions.
In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula
Authors: Contreras‐Cornejo Hexon Angel , Macías‐Rodríguez Lourdes , Real‐Santillán Raúl Omar , López‐Carmona Dante , García‐Gómez Griselda , Galicia‐Gallardo Ana Paola , Alfaro‐Cuevas Ruth , González‐Esquivel Carlos E , Najera‐Rincón Miguel Bernardo , Adame‐Garnica Sandra Goretti , Rebollar‐Alviter Angel , Álvarez‐Navarrete Mariana , Larsen John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrichoderma spp. are soil fungi that interact with plant roots and associated biota such as other microorganisms and soil fauna. However, information about their interactions with root‐feeding insects is limited. Here, interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and the root‐feeding insect Phyllophaga vetula, a common insect pest in maize agroecosystems, were examined.RESULTSApplications of T. harzianum and P. vetula to the root system increased and decreased maize growth, respectively. Induced tolerance against herbivore attack was provided by T. harzianum maintaining a robust and functional root system as evidenced by the increased uptake of Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Herbivore tolerance also coincided with changes in the emission of root volatile terpenes known to induce indirect defense responses and attract natural enemies of the herbivore. More importantly, T. harzianum induced de novo emission of several sesquiterpenes such as β‐caryophyllene and δ‐cadinene. In addition, single and combined applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula altered the sucrose content of the roots. Finally, T. harzianum produced 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (6‐PP) a volatile compound that may act as an antifeedant‐signaling compound mitigating root herbivory by P. vetula.CONCLUSIONOur results provide novel information about belowground multitrophic plant–microbe–arthropod interactions between T. harzianum and P. vetula in the maize rhizosphere resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses, inducing root herbivore tolerance.
Local Unitarity: a representation of differential cross-sections that is locally free of infrared singularities at any order
Authors: Capatti Zeno , Hirschi Valentin , Pelloni Andrea , Ruijl Ben 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel representation of differential scattering cross-sections that locally realises the direct cancellation of infrared singularities exhibited by its so-called real-emission and virtual degrees of freedom. We take advantage of the Loop-Tree Duality representation of each individual forward-scattering diagram and we prove that the ensuing expression is locally free of infrared divergences, applies at any perturbative order and for any process without initial-state collinear singularities. Divergences for loop momenta with large magnitudes are regulated using local ultraviolet counterterms that reproduce the usual Lagrangian renormalisation procedure of quantum field theories. Our representation is especially suited for a numerical implementation and we demonstrate its practical potential by computing fully numerically and without any IR counterterm the next-to-leading order accurate differential cross-section for the process e+e− → $$ d\overline{d} $$
d

d
¯

. We also show first results beyond next-to-leading order by computing interference terms part of the N4LO-accurate inclusive cross-section of a 1 → 2 + X scalar scattering process.
Fibonacci topological phase in arrays of anyonic chains
Authors: Ebisu Hiromi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fibonacci anyon, an exotic quasi-particle excitation, plays a pivotal role in realization of a quantum computer. Starting from a SU (2)4 topological phase, in this paper we demonstrate a way to construct a Fibonacci topological phase which has only one non-trivial excitation described by the Fibonacci anyon. We show that arrays of anyonic chains created by excitations of the SU(2)4 phase leads to the Fibonacci phase. We further demonstrate that our theoretical propositions can be extended to other topological phases.
Elution study of acrylic monomers from orthodontic materials using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Kux B. J. , Bacigalupo L. M. , Scriba A. , Emmrich M. , Jost-Brinkmann P.-G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Main goal of the study was the identification and quantitative analysis of monomer elution from materials commonly used in fixed orthodontic therapy. Studies have shown severe health effects of monomers including cytotoxic, allergenic or mutagenic potential and endocrine changes. This in vitro study focusses primarily on five resins which are usually processed intraorally and remain in the oral cavity long-term.

Methods
We tested the elution of monomers from specimens (7.5 mm × 1.5 mm) immersed in artificial saliva at body temperature (37 °C) for 30 min to 5 weeks. The used method is in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10993-13. The five tested materials were BrackFix® (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), Triad®Gel (DeguDent GmbH, Hanau, Germany), and Transbond™ XT, LR and Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). All aliquots were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were statistically analyzed.

Results
All five analyzed materials eluted substances over a period of 5 weeks. Identified substances included bisphenol A (BPA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). BPA eluted from Transbond™ Plus, XT, LR and BrackFix®. The cumulated mean values after 35 days ranged from 16.04 to 64.83 ppm, depending on the material. TEGDMA eluted with a mean of 688.61 ppm from Transbond™ LR. UDMA with a mean of 1682.00 ppm from Triad®Gel. For each material the highest concentrations of all these substances were found in the first elution period. Other substances that were not equivocally identified or of low concentration also eluted.

Conclusion
Using the described method, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the in vitro elution of monomers from orthodontic materials. The concentrations of the substances identified were below the current maximum recommended intake. However, a cumulative effect and low-dose effects should be considered for both patients and dental professionals, especially for young patients. Measures to reduce exposure patients and practitioners are suggested.
Evidenzbasiert Gesundheit fördern: Wo stehen wir in Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildung der relevanten Akteure? Eine explorative Übersicht
Authors: Trojan Alf , Nelskamp Zarah , Kolip Petra 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Interventionen in der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention sind bisher nicht im wünschenswerten Umfang evidenzbasiert angelegt. Ein vergleichsweise unbeachteter Erklärungsfaktor könnte darin liegen, dass in der Aus- und Fortbildung von Akteuren der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention Evidenzbasierung noch zu wenig berücksichtigt wird.

Fragestellung
Inwieweit findet sich das Thema Evidenzbasierung in Grundlagendokumenten wie Kompetenzrahmen, Modulhandbüchern einschlägiger Studiengänge sowie den Fortbildungsangeboten zentraler Fortbildungsträger für Akteure der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung?

Methoden und Material
Selektive Internetrecherche und Dokumentenanalyse von 2 fachspezifischen Qualifikationsrahmen, 31 Studiengängen und 3 großen Trägern von Fortbildungsangeboten im Hinblick auf die explizite Erwähnung von Evidenzthemen.

Ergebnisse
Deutliche Berücksichtigung von Evidenz in beiden Qualifikationsrahmen und in 17 von 31 Studiengängen; keine explizite Nennung in den Qualifizierungsangeboten der 3 untersuchten Träger in den letzten 5 Jahren.

Diskussion
Limitationen des methodischen Vorgehens sind, dass nicht das gesamte Feld analysiert wurde, dass nur nach expliziter Berücksichtigung von Evidenzthemen gesucht wurde und dass Planungspapiere ein unsicherer Indikator für die tatsächliche Praxis der Aus‑, Weiter- und Fortbildung sind. Gleichwohl zeigt die explorative Studie Handlungsbedarf auf. Es wird angeregt, auf Universitäten, Hochschulen und die Träger der Fortbildungsangebote zuzugehen mit dem Ziel, Evidenzthemen, z. B. auf Basis des Memorandums der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) „Evidenzbasierte Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung“, stärker in ihren Angeboten zu verankern.