bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit of spinal cord stimulation for patients with central poststroke pain: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Hosomi Koichi , Yamamoto Takamitsu , Agari Takashi , Takeshita Shinichiro , Tanei Takafumi , Imoto Hirochika , Mori Nobuhiko , Oshino Satoru , Kurisu Kaoru , Kishima Haruhiko , Saitoh Youichi 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been considered an ineffective procedure for patients with central poststroke pain (CPSP). However, recent case series that included small numbers of patients reported the possible efficacy of SCS as a treatment of CPSP. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to examine the outcomes of using SCS to treat patients with CPSP and to explore factors related to outcomes.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the medical records of patients with CPSP who underwent SCS to collect data regarding their background, surgical information, and outcomes of SCS at trial stimulation and last follow-up after long-term implantation in six study centers. Outcomes were evaluated with a pain score for intensity (range 0–10) and the Patient Global Impression of Changes (PGIC) scale. Factors associated with outcomes were explored with univariable and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS
The authors collected data from a total of 166 patients (mean age 63.4 years; mean pain score at baseline 8.2). Of these patients, 163 underwent trial stimulation. The mean pain score decreased by 42.0%, 104 (64%) patients had ≥ 30% decrease in pain score, and 96 (59%) reported much or very much improved condition on the PGIC scale at trial stimulation. Moreover, 106 (64%) patients underwent long-term implantation of SCS devices. The mean decrease in pain score was 41.4%, 63 (59%) patients continued to show ≥ 30% decrease in pain score at last follow-up, and 60 (56%) reported much or very much improved condition on the PGIC scale at last follow-up (median [range] follow-up period 24 [24–63] months). Eleven device-related complications and 10 permanent explantations were observed. Univariable and multivariable analyses suggested that young age, less sensory disturbance, implantation of cervical leads, treatment of upper-limb pain, and extensive treated regions were associated with satisfactory outcomes at last follow-up after long-term implantation.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that SCS may modestly benefit patients with CPSP. SCS has therapeutic potential for patients with intractable CPSP owing to the lower invasiveness of the SCS procedure and refractory nature of CPSP. Nevertheless, trial stimulation is necessary because of the high initial failure rate.
Evaluation of a patient-specific algorithm for predicting distribution for convection-enhanced drug delivery into the brainstem of patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Wembacher-Schroeder Eva , Kerstein Nicole , Bander Evan D. , Pandit-Taskar Neeta , Thomson Rowena , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
With increasing use of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of drugs, the need for software that can predict infusion distribution has grown. In the context of a phase I clinical trial for pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), CED was used to administer an anti-B7H3 radiolabeled monoclonal antibody, iodine-124–labeled omburtamab. In this study, the authors retrospectively evaluated a software algorithm (iPlan Flow) for the estimation of infusate distribution based on the planned catheter trajectory, infusion parameters, and patient-specific MRI. The actual infusate distribution, as determined on MRI and PET imaging, was compared to the distribution estimated by the software algorithm. Similarity metrics were used to quantify the agreement between predicted and actual distributions.

METHODS
Ten pediatric patients treated at the same dose level in the NCT01502917 trial conducted at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were considered for this retrospective analysis. T2-weighted MRI in combination with PET imaging was used to determine the distribution of infusate in this study. The software algorithm was applied for the generation of estimated fluid distribution maps. Similarity measures included object volumes, intersection volume, union volume, Dice coefficient, volume difference, and the center and average surface distances. Acceptable similarity was defined as a simulated distribution volume (Vd Sim) object that had a Dice coefficient higher than or equal to 0.7, a false-negative rate (FNR) lower than 50%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) higher than 50% compared to the actual Vd (Vd PET).

RESULTS
Data for 10 patients with a mean infusion volume of 4.29 ml (range 3.84–4.48 ml) were available for software evaluation. The mean Vd Sim found to be covered by the actual PET distribution (PPV) was 77% ± 8%. The mean percentage of PET volume found to be outside the simulated volume (FNR) was 34% ± 10%. The mean Dice coefficient was 0.7 ± 0.05. In 8 out of 10 patients, the simulation algorithm fulfilled the combined acceptance criteria for similarity.

CONCLUSIONS
iPlan Flow software can be useful to support planning of trajectories that produce intraparenchymal convection. The simulation algorithm is able to model the likely infusate distribution for a CED treatment in DIPG patients. The combination of trajectory planning guidelines and infusion simulation in the software can be used prospectively to optimize personalized CED treatment.
Ventricular size measurement methods in fetuses considered for prenatal closure of myelomeningocele
Authors: Lundy Paige , Vlastos Emmanuel , Domino Joseph , Mitchell Grace S. , Fickenscher Kristin , Grabb Paul 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Prenatal closure of myelomeningocele is associated with a reduced rate of hydrocephalus treatment. This need for hydrocephalus treatment is positively correlated with fetal ventricular width. When ventricular width is 15 mm or greater, the benefits of prenatal closure, as a method to decrease hydrocephalus treatment, are reduced. Thus, fetal ventricular size is an important factor when counseling families who are considering intrauterine surgery with mitigation of hydrocephalus as the primary goal. This study sought to determine whether imaging modality (ultrasound [US] vs MRI) and interobserver variability were factors in any ventricular size disparity seen on imaging studies.

METHODS
The imaging studies of 15 consecutive fetuses who underwent prenatal myelomeningocele repair at Children’s Mercy Fetal Health Center, Kansas City, Missouri, were reviewed. All fetuses were imaged with US and fetal MRI; on average (range), procedures were performed 3.8 (0–20) days apart. Three comparisons were performed to analyze interobserver and intermodality variability in ventricular width measurements: 1) retrospective comparison of dictated ventricular widths measured with MRI and US by pediatric radiologists (PRs) and maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs), respectively; 2) blinded measurements obtained with US by PRs versus initial US-based measurements by MFMs, and blinded measurements obtained with MRI by PRs versus initial MRI-based measurements by PRs; and 3) blinded measurements obtained with MRI by PRs versus those obtained with US.

RESULTS
Retrospective comparison showed that measurements with MRI by PRs were on average 2.06 mm (95% CI 1.43–2.69, p < 0.001) larger than measurements with US by MFMs. Blinded measurements with US by PRs were on average larger than dictated measurements obtained with US by MFMs, but by only 0.6 mm (95% CI 0.31–0.84, p < 0.001). When PRs measured ventricular size in a blinded fashion with both US and MRI, the mean width determined with MRI was significantly larger by 2.0 mm (95% CI 1.26–2.67, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The ventricular width of these fetuses was larger when measured with MRI than US by an amount that could impact recommendations for fetal surgery. Every center involved in counseling families about the risks and benefits of fetal intervention for spina bifida needs to be aware of these possible imaging-based disparities.
Late morbidity and mortality following revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease in the pediatric population
Authors: Karsten Madeline B. , Smith Edward R. , Scott R. Michael 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
There are limited reports on long-term morbidity in pediatric patients who have undergone surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease (MMD). Here, the authors report long-term morbidity and mortality in a population of pediatric patients who underwent pial synangiosis for MMD from 1988 through 2016.

METHODS
A single-center retrospective review of the hospital and personal operative databases of the senior authors was carried out to identify all patients who were treated for MMD at Boston Children’s Hospital between 1988 and 2016, and who experienced any episode of late morbidity or mortality, which the authors defined as an event resulting in significant neurological deficit or death occurring more than 1 year after revascularization surgery. Hospital records were reviewed to determine pertinent demographic data, the initial mode of patient presentation, and associated comorbidities. Radiographic studies, when available, were reviewed for documentation of the diagnosis and for confirmation of the late complication, and the literature on this topic was reviewed.

RESULTS
In total, 460 patients with MMD underwent surgery between 1988 and 2016 using the pial synangiosis surgical technique; 15 (3.3%) of these patients (9 females and 6 males) experienced documented late death (n = 14) or severe morbidity (n = 1). The median age at revascularization surgery was 8.0 years (range 1–21 years). The causes of these late complications were grouped into three etiologies: intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 8), systemic complications related to associated comorbidities or preoperative disabilities (n = 5), and the development of malignant brain tumors (n = 2). Four patients whose MMD was associated with a history of cranial radiation therapy died. These events occurred from as early as 2 years to as late as 27 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
The risk of late morbidities and mortality following pial synangiosis for MMD in the pediatric patient appeared to be low. Nevertheless, the occurrence of catastrophic cerebrovascular events, particularly intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage in the otherwise neurologically stable revascularized patient, was concerning. Although there is value in long-term surveillance of patients who have undergone surgery for MMD, from both a neurological and a general medical standpoint, particularly in patients with the risk factor of prior cranial radiation therapy, it is not clear from the data how the late deaths in this population could have been prevented.
Rajmund Pietkiewicz, In Search of “the Genuine Word of God”. Reception of the West-European Christian Hebraism the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Renaissance (transl. by Monika and Jacek Szela, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2020).
Authors: Pilarczyk Krzysztof 
Published: July 2021

Book Review: Rajmund Pietkiewicz, In Search of “the Genuine Word of God”. Reception of the West-European Christian Hebraism the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Renaissance (transl. by Monika and Jacek Szela, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2020).
Z prawnej problematyki organizacji producentów rolnych – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Suchoń Aneta 
Published: July 2021

Celem rozważań była próba określenia kształtu prawnego zakładania, uznawania i funkcjonowania organizacji producentów rolnych (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian regulacji prawnych z 2019 i 2020 r.) oraz ich oceny w kontekście obecnych wyzwań dotyczących gospodarstw i rynków rolnych. Starano się także ustalić, które regulacje prawne stanowią barierę w zakresie zakładania i rozwoju organizacji producentów rolnych oraz wskazać propozycje ich zmiany. Rozważania skoncentrowano przede wszystkim na regulacjach unijnych dotyczących organizacji producentów rolnych (w tym zwłaszcza na rozporządzeniu Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 1308/2013 z 17 grudnia 2013 r. ustanawiających wspólną organizację rynków produktów rolnych) oraz znowelizowanych w 2019 i 2020 r. polskich przepisach. Poruszono zagadnienie europejskiego Zielonego Ładu i strategii na rzecz bioróżnorodności 2030 oraz „od pola do stołu” opublikowanych w maju 2020 r. przez Komisję Europejską. Do realizacji założeń wynikających z tych unijnych dokumentów mogą przyczynić się właśnie organizacje producentów rolnych, są one również ważne w aspekcie rozwoju gospodarstw i rynków rolnych. W dalszej części rozważań wskazano różnice i podobieństwa pomiędzy organizacjami a grupami producentów rolnych. W konkluzji stwierdzono m.in., że czynnikiem stanowiącym barierę w zakresie uznawania organizacji jest prawdopodobnie m.in. wysoka liczba producentów rolnych konieczna do rejestracji, jak i ilość dostarczanych produktów rolnych. Pozytywnie oceniono zmiany regulacji prawnych, które weszły w życie w maju 2020 r. Pozwalają one na korzystanie także przez organizacje producentów rolnych ze środków unijnych z działania „Tworzenie grup producentów i organizacji producentów” objętego Programem Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014-2020. Na koniec zaproponowano uchwalenie odrębnej ustawy o organizacjach producentów rolnych, regulującej zasady zakładania i funkcjonowania omawianych podmiotów.
Employment of Adolescents and Children in the Aspect of Polish Educational Reform – Chosen Legal Problems
Authors: Kloczkowska Milena Jolanta 
Published: July 2021

The employment of adolescents is an extremely important phenomenon, although doctrine rarely discusses it. This solution enables young people to gain qualifications early and promises long and successful cooperation for the employer. It should be remembered, however, that at such a young age the most important sphere of life is not work, but education and appropriate psycho-physical development. Bearing in mind the delicacy of children and adolescents, it is necessary to create legal constructions which will protect young people from too early collision with problems connected with work such as: stress, exhaustion, and pressure.
The notion of adolescence is constantly intertwined with the notion of child and it is not easy to judge when these terms are used. This article intends to discuss these terms, and to present them through the applicable laws. In addition, the article presents research on the employment of adolescents and children in Poland based on reports from the National Labour Inspectorate.
The legislator had a difficult task - to create appropriate regulations which would not only make work possible, but at the same time properly secure the already mentioned most important spheres of life of adolescents and children. This task undoubtedly becomes even more difficult when the change of other legal acts forces a rush to regulate such a delicate legal sphere. The aim of this article is to present advantages and disadvantages of current legal constructions based on the analysis of regulations and statistics.
Media ethics within the fake news challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hadžialić Sabahudin , Phuong Vi Thi 
Published: July 2021

Every profession needs professional ethics, but some occupations, such as jour­nalism, have special importance and a wide relationship with many people in society, so professional ethics is essential in this case. When the journalists income is at stake, what will their professional ethics be like? The Covid-19 pandemic 2020 is threatening the existence of journalism and the news. Journalists are having a hard time reporting on the pandemic. Between the issue of safety of the journalists, and the implementation of responsibility for reporting, journalists must put ethical issues at the top.
This article analyzes the impact of fake news on the press and the ethical responsibili­ty of journalists when reporting on the Covid-19 epidemic. Ethical behavior and social responsibility of journalists arise in professional journalism. A conflict may occur be­tween professional obligations and basic human impulses of a journalist. They can fight to maintain their sense of fairness, balance, and objectivity. At the same time, they may be asked to lie. Their actions can cause real harm to the public, which in turn causes ethical dilemmas.
Political Identities of Ukrainian Society in the Context of the EU Eastern Partnership Policy
Authors: Dobrzhanska Olena , Pavliuk Oleh 
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of European integration in Ukraine, defined by the Eastern Partnership Programme over the last decade, has attained many undeniable successes. Still, the current geopolitical situation leaves room for risks for both Ukraine and the entire community of European states. Faced with Russia’s armed aggression, Ukraine is especially intent upon tackling the barriers of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, which for years have been inherent in its foreign policy, and its choice of European identity. That having been said, the issue of political identity remains as urgent as ever, since taking account of the identifying features, and the study of the evolution and trends of the political identity of Ukrainian society paves the way for Ukraine’s integration into the European political system.
Now, the identity of Ukrainians, which is still at the formative stage, can be described as partially ambivalent. In the meanwhile, a tendency towards acquiring the European system of values, in contrast to the Russian and Soviet ones, is being observed as well.
Among the prevalent political identities that have emerged in Ukrainian societies under various historical, geopolitical, and cultural circumstances, two incompatibles yet competing groups—Western, represented by Ukrainian and European identities, and Eastern, represented by Russian and Soviet identities—can be discerned. In this regard, identities are not interpreted in terms of ethnicity but as politically constructible.
The article analyses Ukraine’s European integration successes over the last years, which not only contributes to the upstream dynamics of European and Ukrainian identities but also prevents competitive identities from going forward. Today, the European foreign policy course indisputably unites the Ukrainian nation, having a positive impact on its cooperation with the European Union in terms of politics, economy, and culture.
Tumbuhan Duku: Senyawa Bioaktif, Aktivitas Farmaklogis dan Prospeknya dalam Bidang Kesehatan
Authors: Hanum Laila , Kasiamdari Rina S. 
Published: July 2021

Lansium domesticumÂ Corr. (Meliaceae) is the popular tropical plant producing economic edible fruits found mainly in Southeast Asia. Seed, leaf, bark, stalks and fruit skin extracts of this plant are potential sourcesÂ for compounds with broad spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anticancer, antimalaria, antimelanogenesis, antibacteria and itÂ may lead to the discovery of a new compouds used for antimutagenic and antioxidative stress. Bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities and prospect this plant in medical application will be discussed in this paper.Â Key words: Lansium domesticum, bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, medical application.Â
العناصر الاساسية في تخطيط المدن العربية الاسلامية
Authors: Sahab Ayed wasamiy 
Published: July 2021

تخطيط المدينة العربية الاسلامية كان يقوم على عاملين اساسيين هما مكان العبادة والسكن وهناك دوما ثالوث ديني وسياسي واقتصادي يتمثل في مركز كل مدينة الا وهو المسجد ودار الامارة والسوق ويضاف اليهما الرحبة او الميدان . الا ان الكثير من الدول العربية تبنت الافكار الغربية في العمارة والتخطيط ، مما ادى الى طمس المعالم وعناصر الاصالة المميزة في تخطيط المدينة العربية الاسلامية،فظهرت المباني ومخططات المدن ذات الشكل الغربي لا تتوافق مع المعايير التخطيطية الاصيلة التي تحقق الوظائف والاحتياجات البيئية والأنسانية للمجتمع العربي الاسلامي . وقد تبنى العديد من المخططين والمهندسين الفكر الاجنبي في العمارة والتخطيط حتى اصبح هو الاتجاه السائد.واذا استمر هذا الغزو الفكري الغربي على ما هو عليه سيؤدي حتما الى تغيير في القيم وبالتالي سيفقد المجتمع العربي المسلم قيمه الحضارية وتمحى الشخصية المميزة له.
لقد ناقش البحث نشأة المدن العذربية الاسلامية ودراسة العناصر الاساسية في تخطيطها وخصائص النسيج الحضري المكون لها بهدف الوصول الى عناصر الاصالة التي كانت تتميز بها المدن العربية الاسلامية والتي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تخطيط المدينة العربية المعاصرة.

المقدمة :
العديد من المدن نمت وتطورت على اثر الفتوحات الإسلامية بفضل الجهود الصادقة للمسلمين ، فضلا عن ما تم تشييده من مدن جديدة أضيفت إلى رصيد المدن القائمة ، حيث اختاروا لها المواقع المتميزة وأضافوا إليها من فنونهم المختلفة والمتعددة في شتى المجالات حتى بلغت المدينة ذروتها ومجدها وأصالتها وعظمتها في ظل الدولة الإسلامية ، حيث كان للمسلمين الرغبة الحقيقية في البناء والتعمير وذلك من منطلق عقيدتهم الاسلامية.ولقد كانت الحضارة الاسلامية تموج بديار الاسلام من الاندلس غربا لتخوم الصين شرقا ، وازدهرت مدن حضرية عظيمة مثل الكوفة والبصرة وبغداد ودمشق والقاهرة والفسطاط والعسكر والقيروان والجزائر بينما كانت اوربا وبقية انحاء المعمورة تعيش في ظلام حضاري وجهل مطبق،فكان المسلمون هم السبب في ظهور عصر النهضة الاوربية لأنهم هم الذين حملوا المشاعل التنويرية للعالم في العصور الوسطى حتى اصبحوا سادة العالم و معلمية.
وقد تميزت المدن في العصور الإسلامية بمورفولوجية كانت وليدة احتياجات وظروف سكانها حيث لم يكن علم التخطيط معروفا بمفاهيمه ونظرياته المعاصرة ، كما أن وسائل وأساليب البناء في العصور القديمة كانت تختلف كل الاختلاف عن مثيلاتها الحالية ، وعلى الرغم من ذلك فقد ظهرت اتجاهات تخطيطية وعمرانية تمثل قيما ومبادئ ومعايير في التخطيط والعمارة ، وعليه تعتبر المدن الإسلامية في العصور الوسطى مثالية من وجهة نظر التخطيط المعاصر بنظرياته الحديثة لما حققته من توافق وتطابق بين الاحتياجات المادية والمعنوية التي جاءت تشكيلا فراغيا يعبر عن المؤثرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية والدينية. ودار الزمان دورته وحل العصر الحالي ليشهد ما انحدرت اليه المدينة العربية الاسلامية مقارنة بمدن الغرب ، لأسباب عديدة منها ، التقلص وانحسار النمو والتوسع والامتداد العشوائي نتيجة لمؤثرات سياسية أو اقتصادية أو اجتماعية أو طبيعية في بعض الحالات ، أو نتيجة لأسلوب التغريب الذي ساد العديد من المدن العربية وهو ما يطلق عليه البعض بالاستعمار الذاتي
البيروني عالما اجتماعيا وانثروبولوجيا
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jadou 
Published: July 2021

البيروني( 973-1050م ه) أبو الريحان محمد بن أحمد المتخصص في الرياضيات والطب والاجتماع والفلسفة والأنثروبولوجيا والجغرافية . قيُمه العلماء والمستشرقون الاجانب نظراً لعلميته وسعة فكره وصوابيه منهجه وكثرة الأبحاث والمؤلفات التي كتبها ونشرها. فقد قال عنه العالم (سميث ) في كتابه (تأريخ الرياضيات) أن البيروني كان ألمع علماء زمانه في الرياضيات وأن الغربيين مدينون له بمعلوماتهم ومآثرهم في العلوم والآداب والفنون (1) .أما المستشرق( جوزيف شخت ) فقد كان يرى بأن البيروني عبقرياً مبدعاً ذا بصيرة شاملة وعميقة ( 2).
أما( أدوارد سخاو) فقد بلغ إعجابه به حداً جعله يقول فيه " أن الشيخ ابو الريحان البيروني اعظم مفكر ظهر على وجه البسيطة . في حين قال عنه المستشرق الروسي "بار تولد " أن آراءه لا زالت جديرة بعناية قراء اليوم , وأن مؤلفاته تحتل مكانة متميزة من حيث وفرة موادها وتنوع موضوعاتها ودقة حقائقها والتزامها الشديد بأصول البحث العلمي والنظري والتجريبي ( 3) .
تتلمذ على يد كبار أساتذة عصره في الرياضيات وعلم الفلك والطب والجغرافية والاجتماع وقواعد اللغة . وأتصل بالعديد من مفكري وفلاسفة عصره وحاورهم وحضر محاضراتهم ودروسهم ،منهم أبن سينا والفارابي والكندي والمسعودي. كما تأثر وهو( من مفكري بلاد الشرق) بالثقافة اليونانية والحكمة الهندية التي درس الكثير عنها في مكتبة أحد أمراء الدولة السامانية . وكان متمكناً من أصول اللغة العربية عالماً بأسرارها وقواعدها وآدابها . وكان يجيد الى جوارها اللغة الفارسية واللغة السنسكريتية (لغة شعب الهند) واليونانية والعبرية والسريانية(4) .
لم تتوقف عالميته عند هذا الحد , بل امتدت لتشمل العديد من الدول التي تدعي شرف أنتسابها اليه أو تقول أنه احد مواطنيها الأبرار . فالروس يعدونه أحد مواطنيهم , إذ اقيم له تمثالاً في متحف جامعة موسكو تقديراً له , كما سميت كلية الدراسات الشرقية بجامعة طشقند بكلية البيروني . وهناك عدد من الباحثين الروس قد كرسوا جهودهم العلمية على تحقيق تراثه المعرفي (5 ) . والترك هم الأخرون ينازعون الروس في ادعاءهم شرف انتسابهم الى البيروني , إذ يعدونه تركماني الأصل . كما أن الفرس ينازعون هؤلاء وهؤلاء في شرف انتماء البيروني إليهم . وهو في حقيقته من أصل فارسي، لكنه حسم هذه القضية بنفسه عندما اختار اللغة العربية لسانا والإسلام دينا له . (6) ،كيف لا وهو عربي اللسان, مسلم العقيدة ،عالمي الفكر و المكانة.