bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eemian landscape response to climatic shifts and evidence for northerly Neanderthal occupation at a palaeolake margin in northern Germany
Authors: Hein Michael , Urban Brigitte , Tanner David Colin , Buness Anton Hermann , Tucci Mario , Hoelzmann Philipp , Dietel Sabine , Kaniecki Marie , Schultz Jonathan , Kasper Thomas , von Suchodoletz Hans , Schwalb Antje , Weiss Marcel , Lauer Tobias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe prevailing view suggests that the Eemian interglacial on the European Plain was characterized by largely negligible geomorphic activity beyond the coastal areas. However, systematic geomorphological studies are sparse. Here we present a detailed reconstruction of Eemian to Early Weichselian landscape evolution in the vicinity of a small fingerlake on the northern margin of the Salzwedel Palaeolake in Lower Saxony (Germany). We apply a combination of seismics, sediment coring, pollen analysis and luminescence dating on a complex sequence of colluvial, paludal and lacustrine sediments. Results suggest two pronounced phases of geomorphic activity, directly before the onset and at the end of the Eemian period, with an intermediate period of pronounced landscape stability. The dynamic phases were largely driven by incomplete vegetation cover, but likely accentuated by fluvial incision in the neighbouring Elbe Valley. Furthermore, we discovered Neanderthal occupation at the lakeshore during Eemian pollen zone (PZ) E IV, which is chronologically in line with other known Eemian sites of central Europe. Our highly‐resolved spatio‐temporal data substantially contribute to the understanding of climate‐induced geomorphic processes throughout and directly after the last interglacial period. It helps unraveling the landscape dynamics between the coastal areas to the north and the loess belt to the south.
Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Mixed-Use Watersheds Combining Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis with Passive Sampling
Authors: Renaud Justin B. , Sabourin Lyne , Hoogstra Shawn , Helm Paul , Lapen David R. , Sumarah Mark W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding the environmental fate, transport, and occurrence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments is of utmost concern to regulators. Traditionally, monitoring of environmental contaminants in surface water has consisted of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses for a set of targeted compounds in discrete samples. These targeted approaches are limited by the fact that they only provide information on compounds within a target list present at the time and location of sampling. To address these limitations, there has been considerable interest in suspect screening and nontargeted analysis (NTA), which allow for the detection of all ionizable compounds in the sample with the added benefit of data archiving for retrospective mining. Even though NTA can detect a large number of contaminants, discrete samples only provide a snapshot perspective of the chemical disposition of an aquatic environment at the time of sampling, potentially missing episodic events. We evaluated two types of passive chemical samplers for nontargeted analysis in mixed-use watersheds. Nontargeted data were processed using MS-DIAL to screen against our in-house library and public databases of more than 1300 compounds. The data showed that polar organic chemicals integrative samplers (POCIS) were able to capture the largest number of analytes with better reproducibility than organic compound–diffusive gradients in thin film (o-DGT), resulting from the greater amount of binding sorbent. We also showed that NTA combined with passive sampling gives a more representative picture of the contaminants present at a given site and enhances the ability to identify the nature of point and nonpoint pollution sources and ecotoxicological impacts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1131–1143. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2021 SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Abstract
Environmental surface water was collected by discrete sampling and two types of passive chemical samplers; organic compound–diffusive gradients in thin film (o–DGT) and polar organic chemicals integrative samplers (POCIS). Samples were analyzed by targeted and nontargeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for determination of pesticide and pharmaceutical contaminants in surface water. QQQ = triple quadrupole mass spectrometer; NTA = nontargeted analysis.
Aquatic Biofilms—Sink or Source of Microplastics? A Critical Reflection on Current Knowledge
Authors: Kalčíková Gabriela , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The scientific understanding regarding sources, occurrence, and effects of microplastics in the aquatic environment has advanced rapidly, leaving some meaningful knowledge gaps virtually untouched. One of them is the interactions of microplastics and biofilms, microbial communities ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems and fundamental for a range of ecosystem-level processes. It is evident that biofilms can quickly develop on the microplastic surface and consequently change particle properties and, as such, its fate and ecotoxicity. Moreover, microplastics interact with ubiquitous biofilms that are developed on any surfaces in aquatic ecosystems. Although the knowledge about these interactions is at best limited, it is expected that microplastics attach to the water–biofilm interface or penetrate the biofilm matrix. Microplastics can accumulate and ab- or adsorb to those biofilms where they are subjected to transformation processes such as fragmentation. Thus, biofilms may function as a sink. Changes in environmental conditions may, however, stress biofilms initiating their dieback and microplastic release, which could turn biofilms into a source of microplastics. We argue that the accumulation and release dynamics are a largely overlooked but potentially important piece to the puzzle that is a comprehensive understanding of microplastic fate in the environment and thus under the influence of multiple interacting factors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:838–843. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
The real effect of foreign exchange hedging on corporate innovation
Authors: Xia Chongwu , Yang Chuyi , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of foreign exchange hedging on corporate innovation. According to the information asymmetry hypothesis, corporate hedging reduces firms' information asymmetry, alleviates managers' career concerns, and helps investors better monitor managers, which enhances innovation. According to the market pressure hypothesis, hedging imposes short‐term earnings pressure on managers as a result of mark‐to‐market hedge accounting, discouraging innovation. Using 32,194 observations of 5847 nonfinancial firms from 1998 to 2006, we document results that support the information asymmetry hypothesis. Hedged firms invest more heavily in innovative projects, generate more patents, and have more patent citations. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ both difference‐in‐differences and instrumental variable regressions and explicitly test for reverse causality.
Assessing acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility in rearrangement‐driven patients by DNA breakage at topoisomerase II and CCCTC‐binding factor/cohesin binding sites
Authors: Atkin Naomi D. , Raimer Heather M. , Wang Zhenjia , Zang Chongzhi , Wang Yuh‐Hwa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn initiating DNA double strand break (DSB) event precedes the formation of cancer‐driven chromosomal abnormalities, such as gene rearrangements. Therefore, measuring DNA breaks at rearrangement‐participating regions can provide a unique tool to identify and characterize susceptible individuals. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and low‐input DNA break mapping method, the first of its kind for patient samples. We then measured genome‐wide DNA breakage in normal cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements, compared to that of nonfusion AML individuals, as a means to evaluate individual susceptibility to gene rearrangements. DNA breakage at the KMT2A gene region was significantly greater in fusion‐driven remission individuals, as compared to nonfusion individuals. Moreover, we identified select topoisomerase II (TOP2)‐sensitive and CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin‐binding sites with preferential DNA breakage in fusion‐driven patients. Importantly, measuring DSBs at these sites, in addition to the KMT2A gene region, provided greater predictive power when assessing individual break susceptibility. We also demonstrated that low‐dose etoposide exposure further elevated DNA breakage at these regions in fusion‐driven AML patients, but not in nonfusion patients, indicating that these sites are preferentially sensitive to TOP2 activity in fusion‐driven AML patients. These results support that mapping of DSBs in patients enables discovery of novel break‐prone regions and monitoring of individuals susceptible to chromosomal abnormalities, and thus cancer. This will build the foundation for early detection of cancer‐susceptible individuals, as well as those preferentially susceptible to therapy‐related malignancies caused by treatment with TOP2 poisons.
Evidence for magma mixing during Triassic magmatism in West Qinling, China: Constraints from petrology, geochemistry, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic of the Baguashan pluton
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Dong Guochen , Yu Xiaofei , Li Yongsheng , Santosh M. , Lv Xin , Xia Qing 
Published: August 2021

The West Qinling Orogen, which forms the western part of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, is characterized by the voluminous distribution of Triassic granitoids. Here, we investigate the Baguashan monzogranite which hosts numerous mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). We present zircon U–Pb–Hf and whole‐rock geochemical as well as Sr–Nd isotopic data of the monzogranites and MMEs with a view to gain insights on the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating yields ages of 219.0 ± 1.7 Ma and 219.5 ± 1.6 Ma for the MMEs, and 214.2 ± 1.3 Ma for the host monzogranite, suggesting formation from coeval magmas. The host monzogranites show high SiO2, Rb, Ba, and Th contents, but low TiO2, MgO, P2O5 values, with A/CNK of <1.1. Zircon grains from monzogranites show εHf(t) values in the range of −6.3 to +3.2 with corresponding two‐stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1.39–2.25 Ga. The MMEs are mostly elliptical or spherical in shape and have lower SiO2 and Th contents, but higher MgO, TiO2, and CaO, and εHf(t) values ranging from −6.1 to +5.7 with TDM2 of 1.17–2.23 Ga. The Sr–Nd isotopic data for MMEs and monzogranites show (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ranging from 0.7059 to 0.7069 and low εNd(t) values ranging from −6.07 to −4.18, suggesting a crustal origin. Based on the relatively homogeneous Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions, we suggest that the MMEs represent magma mixing, and the mafic magma injected into the felsic magma chamber was probably derived by the reworking of mafic lower crust with a contribution of juvenile materials. We propose a model involving delamination of thickened lower crust below the West Qinling Orogen after the collision between the North China Block and the South China Block in the Late Triassic. Subsequently, the lower crust was partially melted by the heat input from the upwelling asthenosphere and produced the mafic magma. Partial melting of the ancient metamorphic rocks generated the granitic magma. The interaction of mafic and felsic magmas occurred within a post‐collisional tectonic setting in the Late Triassic.
Preoperative prognostic factors for functional and clinical outcomes after open partial horizontal laryngectomies
Authors: Fantini Marco , Crosetti Erika , Affaniti Riccardo , Sprio Andrea Elio , Bertotto Ilaria , Succo Giovanni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn minority of cases, the clinical recovery of the neolarynx after open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) can be challenging, possibly affecting the final functional outcome.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐three patients who underwent OPHLs were selected. A series of clinical preoperative independent variables were considered. All patients were monitored for the following dependent outcome variables: sequelae; need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy positioning; days before tracheal cannula removal and nasogastric tube removal; and length of hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant associations between preoperative clinical variables and outcomes variables.ResultsMultivariate analysis confirmed age, cT classification, body mass index, and smoking habits as significant prognostic factors for worse functional and clinical recovery outcomes.ConclusionsKnowing what variables are significantly associated with worse clinical and functional outcomes can guide clinicians in defining the best surgical choice not only from an oncological perspective, but also for a better postoperative recovery.
The Wasatch Environmental Observatory: A mountain to urban research network in the semi‐arid westernUS
Authors: Follstad Shah Jennifer J. , Bares Ryan , Bowen Brenda B. , Bowen Gabriel J. , Bowling David R. , Eiriksson David P. , Fasoli Benjamin , Fiorella Richard P. , Hallar Anna Gannet , Hinners Sarah J. , Horel John D. , Jacques Alexander A. , Jamison Logan R. , Lin John C. , Mendoza Daniel L. , Mitchell Logan E. , Pataki Diane E. , Skiles Sarah McKenzie , Smith Rose M. , Wolf Margaret A. , Brooks Paul D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 2085 km2Jordan River Basin, and its seven sub‐catchments draining the Central Wasatch Range immediately east of Salt Lake City, UT, are home to an array of hydrologic, atmospheric, climatic and chemical research infrastructure that collectively forms the Wasatch Environmental Observatory (WEO). WEO is geographically nested within a wildland to urban land‐use gradient and built upon a strong foundation of over a century of discharge and climate records. A 2200 m gradient in elevation results in variable precipitation, temperature and vegetation patterns. Soil and subsurface structure reflect systematic variation in geology from granitic, intrusive to mixed sedimentary clastic across headwater catchments, all draining to the alluvial or colluvial sediments of the former Lake Bonneville. Winter snowfall and spring snowmelt control annual hydroclimate, rapid population growth dominates geographic change in lower elevations and urban gas and particle emissions contribute to episodes of severe air pollution in this closed‐basin. Long‐term hydroclimate observations across this diverse landscape provide the foundation for an expanding network of infrastructure in both montane and urban landscapes. Current infrastructure supports both basic and applied research in atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemistry, climate, ecology, hydrology, meteorology, resource management and urban redesign that is augmented through strong partnerships with cooperating agencies. These features allow WEO to serve as a unique natural laboratory for addressing research questions facing seasonally snow‐covered, semi‐arid regions in a rapidly changing world and an excellent facility for providing student education and research training.
Impact of low‐level pretransplant donor‐specific antibodies on outcomes after kidney transplantation
Authors: Parajuli Sandesh , Bath Natalie M. , Hidalgo Luis , Leverson Glen , Garg Neetika , R. Redfield Robert , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of low‐level pretransplant donor‐specific antibody (DSA) on kidney transplant outcomes is not well described. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes among patients of varying immunologic risk, based on the level of pretransplant DSA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all adult kidney transplant recipients who had undergone a transplant at our center between January 2013 and May 2017. Patients were grouped as negative DSA (mean fluorescence intensity, [MFISUM < 100]), low‐level DSA (MFISUM 100–1000), and positive DSA (MFISUM > 1000). Rejection, infection, graft, and patient survival were outcomes measured.ResultsOf 952 patients, 82.1% had negative DSA, 10.7% had low‐level DSA, and 7.1% had positive DSA. The positive DSA group had the highest rate of antibody‐mediated rejection (10.3%), followed by low‐level DSA (7.8%) and the negative DSA group (4.5%) (p = .034). The rate of BK viremia was highest in the positive DSA group (39.7%), followed by the low‐level group (30.4%) and the negative DSA group (25.6%), (p = .025). None of the other outcomes, including graft or patient survival, were different between the groups.ConclusionWhile low‐level DSA should not prevent proceeding with kidney transplantation, it should not be ignored. Future studies are needed to investigate the long‐term effects of varying levels of pre‐transplant DSA on outcomes.
The study on the function and cell source of interleukin‐6 in interstitial cystitis/bladder painful syndrome rat model
Authors: Zheng Zhenming , Zhang Jiapeng , Zhang Caixia , Li Wenshuang , Ma Kaiqun , Huang Hao , Li Kuiqing , Yao Yousheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe elevated expression of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder painful syndrome (IC/BPS) has been demonstrated, but the role of IL‐6 in IC/BPS and its source remain to be explored.MethodsIC/BPS rat model was created in female rats by using long‐term intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase (0.5 ml, 4 mg/ml). After modeling, IL‐6 stimulation group, and anti‐IL‐6R group were treated with recombinant rat IL‐6 and tocilizumab, respectively. Symptomatic changes were detected by Vonfrey pain score and urodynamics, and hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, mast cell staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the changes of inflammation in the bladder tissue of rats. Cell sources of IL‐6 was explored through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and western‐blot test on the supernatant of coculturing rat bladder epithelial cells and rat macrophages.ResultsThe Vonfrey pain scores of the model group and IL‐6 stimulation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the anti‐IL‐6R group were significantly lower (p < .05). Compared with the blank control group, urodynamic results showed that the urination interval of the model group and IL‐6 stimulation group was significantly shortened, and the maximum bladder capacity was significantly reduced (p < .05), and anti‐IL‐6R treatment significantly alleviated the inflammatory response of bladder tissue. The results of HE, Mast cell staining, and Masson staining showed that the inflammatory response of bladder tissue after anti‐IL‐6R treatment was significantly reduced. Through cells coculture, the relative expression of IL‐6 from model group was found significantly higher than blank control group by RT‐PCR, ELISA, and western blot test (p < .05).ConclusionsIL‐6 played an essential role in the development of IC/BPS rat model as a proinflammation cytokine. Further evidence from coculture proved that macrophages are the cell resource of IL‐6 in IC/BPS.
Design optimization of perforation on deflector for improved performance of vortex settling basin*
Authors: Mu Zhuoyun , Ma Yiyi , Li Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor vortex settling basins (VSBs) installed with a deflector, perforation is an effective retrofit to reduce the self‐weight of the deflector and sediment deposition on it. The current study investigated experimentally the performance of VSBs the deflector of which was perforated at different locations with various opening ratios. The results showed that perforating the outside overflow area of the deflector was the optimum for reducing sediment deposition. With an opening ratio of 8.67–13% in the outside overflow area of the deflector, the VSB exhibited similar sediment removal efficiency to the original design without any openings on the deflector. The current study provided the design optimization for deflector perforation in VSBs.
3D‐PulCNN: Pulmonary cancer classification from hyperspectral images using convolution combination unit based CNN
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Yan , Qiu Song , Chen Jiangang , Sun Li , Li Qingli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPulmonary cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Accurate classification of its subtypes is required in differential diagnosis. However, existing algorithms are mostly based on color images, and the improvement of accuracy is quite challenging. In this study, we propose a convolution combination unit (CCU)‐based three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3D‐PulCNN) for classifying pulmonary cancer presented in microscopic hyperspectral image with both spatial and spectral information. CCU is designed to fuse the features acquired by different convolution scales. Compared with VGGNet, only two fully connected layers are used in this model, reducing the network parameters and model complexity. Experimental results show that 3D‐PulCNN achieves overall average (OA) of 0.962 and Precision, Recall, and Kappa of more than 0.920, superior to 2D‐VGGNet. Then, 3D‐UNet is leveraged to segment cancer cells, and their morphological characteristics are calculated to supply quantitative virtual analysis data for classification results explanation and prognosis assessment.
Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model
Authors: Hixon Katherine R. , McKenzie Jennifer A. , Sykes David A.W. , Yoneda Susumu , Hensley Austin , Buettmann Evan G. , Zheng Hongjun , Skouteris Dimitrios , McAlinden Audrey , Miller Anna N. , Silva Matthew J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Nonunion is defined as the permanent failure of a fractured bone to heal, often necessitating surgical intervention. Atrophic nonunions are a subtype that are particularly difficult to treat. Animal models of atrophic nonunion are available; however, these require surgical or radiation-induced trauma to disrupt periosteal healing. These methods are invasive and not representative of many clinical nonunions where osseous regeneration has been arrested by a “failure of biology”. We hypothesized that arresting osteoblast cell proliferation after fracture would lead to atrophic nonunion in mice. Using mice that express a thymidine kinase (tk) “suicide gene” driven by the 3.6Col1a1 promoter (Col1-tk), proliferating osteoblast lineage cells can be ablated upon exposure to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV). Wild-type (WT; control) and Col1-tk littermates were subjected to a full femur fracture and intramedullary fixation at 12 weeks age. We confirmed abundant tk+ cells in fracture callus of Col-tk mice dosed with water or GCV, specifically many osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes at the cartilage-bone interface. Histologically, we observed altered callus composition in Col1-tk mice at 2 and 3 weeks postfracture, with significantly less bone and more fibrous tissue. Col1-tk mice, monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo radiographs and micro–computed tomography (μCT) scans, had delayed bone bridging and reduced callus size. After euthanasia, ex vivo μCT and histology showed failed union with residual bone fragments and fibrous tissue in Col1-tk mice. Biomechanical testing showed a failure to recover torsional strength in Col1-tk mice, in contrast to WT. Our data indicates that suppression of proliferating osteoblast-lineage cells for at least 2 weeks after fracture blunts the formation and remodeling of a mineralized callus leading to a functional nonunion. We propose this as a new murine model of atrophic nonunion. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).