bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Influences Changes in Fibrin Clot Properties Over a 10-Year Period on a Population Level
Authors: Swanepoel Albe Carina , de Lange-Loots Zelda , Cockeran Marike , Pieters Marlien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCase–control and observational studies have provided a plausible mechanistic link between clot structure and thrombosis. We aimed to identify lifestyle, demographic, biochemical, and genetic factors that influence changes in total fibrinogen concentration and clot properties over a 10-year period in 2,010 black South Africans. Clot properties were assessed with turbidimetry and included lag time, slope, maximum absorbance, and clot lysis time. Linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood were used to determine whether (1) outcome variables changed over the 10-year period; (2) demographic and lifestyle variables, biochemical variables, and fibrinogen single-nucleotide polymorphisms influenced the change in outcome variables over the 10-year period; and (3) there was an interaction between the exposures and time in predicting the outcomes. A procoagulant risk score was furthermore created, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the exposures that were associated with the different risk score categories. In this population setting, female gender, obesity, poor glycemic control, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contributed to the enhanced progression to prothrombotic clot properties with increasing age. Alcohol consumption on the other hand, offered a protective effect. The above evidence suggest that the appropriate lifestyle changes can improve fibrin clot properties on a population level, decreasing cardiovascular disease risk and thus alleviate the strain on the medical health care system.
A Rare Case of Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries Due to Hereditary Thrombophilia
Authors: Arivazhagan Ramesh Bala , Chinnusamy Manokaran , Sarojadevi Ashida Thulaseedharan , Janakiraman Sathiyanarayanan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The incidence of acute myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries in young age less than 20 years in India due to hereditary thrombophilia is uncommon. Combined protein S and protein C deficiency has an increased tendency for coronary artery thrombosis in very young individuals. Acute myocardial infarction in young individuals has different risk factors profile, clinical presentation, and prognosis when compared with elderly population and hence incites the need for different approach in the management. Here we report a case of 17-year-old boy who presented with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries due to hereditary protein C and protein S deficiency.
Extended Perinatal Mortality Audit in a Rural Hospital in India
Authors: Torre Monmany Núria , Astete Joaquín Américo , Ramaiah Dasarath , Suchitra Jyothi , Krauel Xavier , Fillol Manolo , Balasubbaiah Yadamala , Alarcón Ana , Bassat Quique 
Published: April 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to describe the status of perinatal mortality (PM) in an Indian rural hospital.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of data was compiled from PM meetings (April 2017 to December 2018) following “Making Every Baby Count: audit and review of stillbirths and neonatal deaths (ENAP or Every Newborn Action Plan).”
Results The study includes 8,801 livebirths, 105 stillbirths (SBs); 74 antepartum stillbirths [ASBs], 22 intrapartum stillbirths [ISBs], and nine unknown timing stillbirths [USBs]), 39 neonatal deaths or NDs (perinatal death or PDs 144). The higher risks for ASBs were maternal age >34 years, previous history of death, and/or SBs. Almost half of the PDs could be related with antepartum complications. More than half of the ASB were related with preeclampsia/eclampsia and abruptio placentae; one-third of the ISB were related with preeclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension, fetal growth restriction, and placental dysfunction. The main maternal conditions differed between PDs (p = 0.005). The main causes of the ND were infections, congenital malformations, complications of prematurity, intrapartum complications, and unknown. The stillbirth rate was 11.8/1,000 births, neonatal mortality rate 4.4/1,000 livebirths, and perinatal mortality rate 15.8/1,000 births.
Conclusion This is the first study of its kind in Andhra Pradesh being the first step for the analysis and prevention of PM.
Key Points
Exploiting the dividend month premium: evidence from Germany
Authors: Kreidl Felix , Scholz Hendrik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDividend payments are firm events on a recurring and predictable basis. High returns in the period between announcement-date and ex-dividend date are the main driver for the so-called dividend month premium, which are positive abnormal returns in months in which corporations are predicted to issue dividend payments. In our empirical analysis of the German stock market, we find a robust dividend month premium, which is particularly high for stocks with positive dividend surprise. Knowing the dates of dividend announcements and payments enable portfolio managers to exploit the dividend month premium. Also taking into account tracking error and transaction costs, we show that simple portfolio-enhancing strategies lead to highly significant abnormal returns.
Recognition of individual scatterers against the noise background in the optical coherence tomography image
Authors: Shilyagin P.A. , Novozhilov A.A. , Dilenyan A.L. , Vasilenkova T.V. , Moiseev A.A. , Kasatkina I.V. , Gelikonov V.M. , Gelikonov G.V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe problem of recognising single sparsely located scatterers against the noise background in the image obtained by the method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is considered. An identification method based on the use of specific scanning features upon OCT image registration and on the statistical analysis of image fragments is proposed. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated experimentally in the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. The approach can be used in the development of automated algorithms for determining the presence of highly transparent effusion in the middle ear cavity of a human with acute otitis media with effusion, including postoperative one.
Near-IR lasing in caesium vapour
Authors: Babin A.A. , Volkov M.V. , Garanin S.G. , Kovaldov S.A. , Kopalkin A.V. , Kulikov S.M. , Nosov S.N. , Starikov F.A. , Strakhov A.V. , Feoktistov V.V. , Shotniev V.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lasing in caesium vapour is obtained at λ ∼ 3 μm (transitions 7P3/2 → 7S1/2 and 7P1/2 → 7S1/2). Longitudinal pumping is performed by the second harmonic of a parametric oscillator pumped by the second harmonic of a Nd3+-doped garnet laser. The pump wavelength corresponds to the 6S1/2 → 7P3/2 and 6S1/2 → 7P1/2 transitions of caesium atoms. The pump radiation has a spectral width of 12 cm−1, a pulse energy of 10 mJ, and a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The IR laser pulse energy at a vapour cell temperature of 155 °C is 100 μJ. The efficiency of pump energy conversion to the laser radiation energy at λ ∼ 3 μm is ∼1.5%.
Classification of non-Kähler surfaces and locally conformally Kähler geometry
Authors: Verbitsky M. S. , Vuletescu V. , Ornea L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Enriques–Kodaira classification treats non-Kähler surfaces as a special case within the Kodaira framework. We prove the classification results for non-Kähler complex surfaces without relying on the machinery of the Enriques–Kodaira classification, and deduce the classification theorem for non-Kähler surfaces from the Buchdahl–Lamari theorem. We also prove that all non-Kähler surfaces which are not of class VII are locally conformally Kähler.
Bibliography: 64 titles.
On the resolution of singularities of one-dimensional foliations on three-manifolds
Authors: Rebelo J. C. , Reis H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the resolution of singularities of holomorphic vector fields and one-dimensional holomorphic foliations in dimension three, and it has two main objectives. First, within the general framework of one-dimensional foliations, we build upon and essentially complete the work of Cano, Roche, and Spivakovsky (2014). As a consequence, we obtain a general resolution theorem comparable to the resolution theorem of McQuillan–Panazzolo (2013) but proved by means of rather different methods.
The other objective of this paper is to consider a special class of singularities of foliations containing, in particular, all the singularities of complete holomorphic vector fields on complex manifolds of dimension three. We then prove that a much sharper resolution theorem holds for this class of holomorphic foliations. This second result was the initial motivation for this paper. It relies on combining earlier resolution theorems for (general) foliations with some classical material on asymptotic expansions for solutions of differential equations.
Bibliography: 34 titles.
Genetic removal of p70 S6K1 corrects coding sequence length-dependent alterations in mRNA translation in fragile X syndrome mice
Authors: Aryal Sameer , Longo Francesco , Klann Eric 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent inherited form of intellectual disability. FXS is caused by loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that represses translation. Correspondingly, genetic removal of the translation-stimulating p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in FXS mice restores translational homeostasis and rescues synaptic and behavioral phenotypes. However, the mechanisms of FMRP function are in dispute, and the molecular basis of the rescue in protein synthesis with reduction of S6K1 is unknown. Here, by carrying out ribosome profiling and molecular assays, we reveal the molecular mechanisms by which reduction of S6K1 corrects altered protein synthesis in FXS. Our study elucidates the molecular foundations of a model for correction of pathophysiological features of FXS.
Communication consumes 35 times more energy than computation in the human cortex, but both costs are needed to predict synapse number
Authors: Levy William B , Calvert Victoria G. 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceEngineers describe the human brain as a low-energy form of computation. However, from the simplest physical viewpoint, a neuron’s computation cost is remarkably larger than the best possible bits per joule—off by a factor of108. Here we explicate, in the context of energy consumption, a definition of neural computation that is optimal given explicit constraints. The plausibility of this definition as Nature’s perspective is supported by an energy audit of the human brain. The audit itself requires modifying conventional perspectives and calculations revealing that communication costs are 35-fold computational costs.
Highly efficient BiVO4 single-crystal nanosheets with dual modification: phosphorus doping and selective Ag modification
Authors: Fu Can , Xu Baoyun , Dong Lingling , Zhai Jinguo , Wang Xuefei , Wang De-Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BiVO4, a visible-light response photocatalyst, has shown tremendous potential because of abundant raw material sources, good stability and low cost. There exist some limitations for further applicaitions due to poor capability to separate electron–hole pairs. In fact, a single-component modification strategy is barely adequate to obtain highly efficient photocatalytic performance. In this work, P substituted some of the V atoms from VO4 oxoanions, namely P was doped into the V sites in the host lattice of BiVO4 by a hydrothermal route. Meanwhile, Ag as an attractive and efficient electron-cocatalyst was selectively modified on the (010) facet of BiVO4 nanosheets via facile photo-deposition. As a result, the obtained dually modified BiVO4 sheets exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation property of methylene blue (MB). In detail, photocatalytic rate constant (k) was 2.285 min−1 g−1, which was 2.78 times higher than pristine BiVO4 nanosheets. Actually, P-doping favored the formation of O vacancies, led to more charge carriers, and facilitated photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, metallic Ag loaded on (010) facet effectively transferred photogenerated electrons, which consequently helped electron–hole pairs separation. The present work may enlighten new thoughts for smart design and controllable synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials.
Hybrid supercapacitors using electrodes from fibers comprising polymer blend–metal oxide composites with polymethacrylic acid as chelating agent
Authors: Malekpour Soheil , Balkus Kenneth J , Ferraris John P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hybrid supercapacitors (SCs) made of carbon–metal oxide composites are devices which combine the advantages of electric double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors viz high energy density, high power density and high cyclability. This is best achieved when the pseudocapacitive components are uniform in size and distribution on the conducting carbon support. Electrodes mats, fabricated from carbonized electrospun fibers generated from solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the carbon source, cobalt (III) acetylacetonate as a metal oxide precursor, and polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) as a metal oxide precursor carrier were utilized in coin cell SCs. Fibers without the PMMA carrier were prepared for comparison. XRD and TGA showed conversion of the cobalt precursor to a mixture of cobalt and cobalt oxide (Co3O4). When the PMAA carrier was used, specific capacitance increased from 68 F g−1 in PAN-Co3O4 to 125 F g−1 in PAN-PMAA-Co3O4. The addition of PMAA to the system results in better uniformity, accessibility and dispersion of metal and metal oxide particles. Due to the relatively low surface area of carbonized samples, Co3O4 nanoparticles are the primary contributors to charge storage. The fabricated fibers show an energy density of 8.9 at 750 W kg−1, which is twice that of the fibers made without PMAA.
Catalog of x-ray spectra of Mo-, Rh-, and W-anode-based x-ray tubes from 10 to 50 kV
Authors: Ketelhut Steffen , Büermann Ludwig , Hilgers Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive catalog of x-ray spectra measured from x-ray tubes with tungsten, molybdenum, and rhodium anodes generated at tube potentials between 10 and 50 kV in steps of 1 kV. They can serve as an input for dose calculations, image quality calculations, investigations of detector features, and validations of computational spectral models, among other things. The measurements are performed by means of a high-purity germanium detector-based spectrometer 1 m from the x-ray sources without any added filtration. The x-ray tubes are characterized by thin beryllium exit windows (0.15−4 mm); thus, for energies above 15 keV, the spectra recorded can be considered approximately unfiltered. This allows potential users of the catalog to computationally add any filter to the spectra in order to create special radiation qualities of their choice. To validate this option, a small number of spectra are recorded with filter materials in place whose purity and thickness are known with high precision. These spectra are compared to the corresponding spectra from the catalog obtained by means of computationally added filters. The two types of spectra agree extremely well. Several typical mammographic radiation qualities are selected to compare the spectra obtained from the catalog presented here with corresponding spectra obtained from other catalogs published by Boone et al (1997 Med. Phys.
24 1863–74) and Hernandez et al (2017 Med. Phys.
44 2148–60). In contrast to the work presented here, those spectra rely partly or fully on calculations. A quantitative comparison is made by means of typical x-ray quality descriptors such as the mean energy and the first and second half-value layer. The results obtained from the Boone catalog match those of the current catalog sufficiently well for the Mo- and Rh-anode-based spectra. However, significant differences up to 10 times the estimated uncertainties are found for the quality descriptors evaluated from the spectra of Hernandez et al and the W-anode based spectra of Boone et al.
Low activity [11C]raclopride kinetic modeling in the mouse brain using the spatiotemporal kernel method
Authors: Miranda Alan , Bertoglio Daniele , Stroobants Sigrid , Staelens Steven , Verhaeghe Jeroen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Depending on the molar activity of the tracer, the maximal allowable injected activity in mouse brain PET studies can be extremely low in order to avoid receptor saturation. Therefore, a high level of noise can be present in the image. We investigate several dynamic PET reconstruction methods in reduced counts, or equivalently in reduced injected activity, data exemplified in [11C]raclopride BP
ND and

R

1

quantification using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM). We compared independent frame reconstruction (IFR), post-reconstruction HYPR denoising (IFR + HYPR), direct reconstruction using the SRTM model (DIR-SRTM), and the spatial (KERS) and spatiotemporal kernel reconstruction (KERST). Additionally, HYPR denoising of the frames used as features for the calculation of the spatial kernel matrix, was investigated (KERS-HYPR and KERST-HYPR). In vivo data of 11 mice, was used to generate list-mode data for five reduced count levels corresponding to reductions by a factor 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 (equivalently 2.07, 1.04, 0.691, 0.518, and 0.260 MBq). Correlation of regional BP
ND and

R

1

values (reduced versus full counts reconstructions) was high (r > 0.94) for all methods, with KERS-HYPR and KERST-HYPR reaching the highest correlation (r > 0.96). Among methods with regularization, DIR-SRTM showed the largest variability in BP
ND (Bland–Altman SD from 3.0% to 12%), while IFR showed it for

R

1

(5.1%–14.6%). KERST and KERST-HYPR were the only methods with Bland–Altman bias and SD below 5% for noise level up to a reduction factor of 16. At the voxel level, BP
ND and

R

1

correlation was gradually decreased with increasing noise, with the largest correlation (BP
ND
r > 0.88,

R

1

r > 0.62) for KERS-HYPR and KERST-HYPR. The spatial and the spatiotemporal kernel methods performed similarly, while using only temporal regularization with direct reconstruction showed more variability. Although R1 values present noise, using the spatiotemporal kernel reconstruction, accurate estimates of binding potential could be obtained with mouse injected activities as low as 0.26–0.518 MBq. This is desirable in order to maintain the tracer kinetics principle in mouse studies.
Performance evaluation of a staggered three-layer DOI PET detector using a 1 mm LYSO pitch with PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC: comparison of HAMAMATSU and KETEK SiPMs
Authors: Binder Tim , Kang Han Gyu , Nitta Munetaka , Schneider Florian , Yamaya Taiga , Parodi Katia , Wiest Florian , Thirolf Peter G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose a staggered three-layer depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector with a 1 mm crystal pitch and 19.8 mm total crystal thickness for a high-resolution and high-sensitivity small animal in-beam PET scanner. A three-layered stacked LYSO scintillation array (0.9 × 0.9 × 6.6 mm3 crystals, 23 × 22 mm2 surface area) read out by a SiPM array (8 × 8 channels, 3 × 3 mm2 active area/channel and 50 μm microcell size) with data acquisition, signal processing and digitization performed using the PETsys Electronics Evaluations kit (based on the TOFPET v2c ASIC) builds a DOI LYSO detector block. The performance of the DOI detector was evaluated in terms of crystal resolvability, energy resolution, and coincidence resolving time (CRT). A comparative performance evaluation of the staggered three-layer LYSO block was conducted with two different SiPM arrays from KETEK and HAMAMATSU. 100% (KETEK) and 99.8% (HAMAMATSU) of the crystals were identified, by using a flood irradiation the front- and back-side. The average energy resolutions for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers were 16.5 (±2.3)%, 20.9(±4.0)%, and 32.7 (±21.0)% (KETEK) and 19.3 (±3.5)%, 21.2 (±4.1)%, and 26.6 (±10.3)% (HAMAMATSU) for the used SiPM arrays. The measured CRTs (FWHM) for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers were 532 (±111) ps, 463 (±108) ps, and 447 (±111) ps (KETEK) and 402 (±46) ps, 392 (±54) ps, and 408 (±196) ps (HAMAMATSU). In conclusion, the performance of the staggered three-layer DOI detector with 1 mm LYSO pitch and 19.8 mm total crystal thickness was fully characterized. The feasibility of a highly performing readout of a high resolution DOI PET detector via SiPM arrays from KETEK and HAMAMATSU employing the PETsys TOFPET v2c ASIC could be demonstrated.
Automated test setup to quantify the lifetime of dielectric elastomer actuators under a wide range of operating conditions
Authors: Kühnel Djen , Beco Albuquerque Fabio , Py Valentin , Shea Herbert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present an automated test setup for the systematic performance and lifetime evaluation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). This setup, called the MAPLE setup, performs accelerated aging tests and allows quantifying how material choice, fabrication methods, voltage waveform, and environmental conditions influence DEA lifetime, an important step for commercial use of DEAs. The setup continuously monitors strain and electrode resistance of multiple DEAs under a wide range of environmental conditions (up to 85 °C and 85% relative humidity), with automatic breakdown detection to record device lifetime. To illustrate a use case, we investigate the lifetime of DEAs made of two different elastomer materials, comparing fixed polarity (FP) vs. periodically reversing the polarity of the actuation voltage. For DEAs made from a slide-ring material, lifetime improvements around 10× were observed at alternating polarity compared to FP. For DEAs made from silicone rubber, no improvement in lifetime was observed. This indicates that different degradation mechanisms are causing failure in the two materials.
Transient dynamics of the quantum light retrieved from Rydberg polaritons
Authors: Padrón-Brito Auxiliadora , Tricarico Roberto , Farrera Pau , Distante Emanuele , Theophilo Klara , Chang Darrick , de Riedmatten Hugues 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the photon statistics of weak coherent pulses propagating through a cold atomic ensemble in the regime of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. We show experimentally that the value of the second-order autocorrelation function of the transmitted light strongly depends on the position within the pulse and heavily varies during the transients of the pulse. In particular, we show that the falling edge of the transmitted pulse displays much lower values than the rest of the pulse. We derive a theoretical model that quantitatively predicts our results and explains the physical behavior involved. Finally, we use this effect to generate single photons localized within a pulse. We show that by selecting only the last part of the transmitted pulse, the single photons show an antibunching parameter as low as 0.12 and a generation efficiency per trial larger than that possible with probabilistic generation schemes based on atomic ensembles.