bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs assessment of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in patients with major haemorrhage: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Godø Bård Neuenkirchen , Brede Jostein Rodseth , Krüger Andreas Jorstad 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) can be used as an adjunct treatment in traumatic abdominopelvic haemorrhage, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), gastrointestinal bleeding and iatrogenic injuries during surgery. This needs assessment study aims to determine the number of patients eligible for REBOA in a typical Norwegian population.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data obtained from blood bank registries and the Norwegian Trauma Registry for the years 2017–2018. Patients who received ≥4 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) within 6 hours and met the anatomical criteria for REBOA or patients with relevant Abbreviated Injury Scale codes with concurrent hypotension or transfusion of ≥4 units of PRBCs within 6 hours were identified. A detailed two-step chart review was performed to identify potentially eligible REBOA candidates. Descriptive data were collected and compared between subgroups using non-parametric tests for statistical significance.ResultsOf 804 patients eligible for inclusion, 53 patients were regarded as potentially REBOA eligible (corresponding to 5.7 per 100 000 adult population/year). Of these, 19 actually received REBOA. Among the identified eligible patients, 44 (83%) had a non-traumatic aetiology. Forty-two patients (79%) were treated at a tertiary care hospital. Fourteen (78%) of the REBOA procedures were due to PPH.ConclusionThe number of patients potentially eligible for REBOA after haemorrhage is low, and most cases are non-traumatic. Most patients were treated at a tertiary care hospital. The exclusion of non-traumatic patients results in a substantial underestimation of the number of potentially REBOA-eligible patients.
Safety and tolerability of subcutaneous trastuzumab and intravenous pertuzumab as adjuvant treatment for HER2 positive breast cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Wong Chi Yan , Leung Roland , Kwok Gin Wai , Tsang Josephine , Li Bryan , Yau Thomas , Chiu Joanne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous (SC) trastuzumab is similar to intravenous trastuzumab in terms of pharmacokinetics, efficacy and tolerability. The use of dual anti-HER2 agents trastuzumab and pertuzumab has become the new standard for node-positive HER2-positive breast cancers at adjuvant setting, but the safety and tolerability of combining SC trastuzumab and intravenous pertuzumab is not well studied.MethodsThis was a prospective single-arm pilot study with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer who received adjuvant SC trastuzumab and intravenous pertuzumab after standard anti-HER2 treatment with chemotherapy. Primary outcomes included adverse events (AEs), severe AEs and cardiac AEs. Secondary outcome was invasive disease-free survival (iDFS).ResultsWith a median follow-up of 21.7 months, 20 patients were enrolled. One patient (5%) developed asymptomatic drop in left ventricular ejection fraction from 69% to 53%. Two patients (10%) developed grade 1 injection site reaction related to SC trastuzumab. There were no grade 2 or above AEs. All AEs were transient. No new AEs were observed. The 1-year iDFS was 90% (95% CI 0.656 to 0.974)ConclusionsCombination of SC trastuzumab and intravenous pertuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer is a safe and well-tolerated option in adjuvant setting.
Systematic identification and replication of factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccine initiation among adolescents in the United States using an environment-wide association study approach
Authors: Nasserie Tahmina , Bendavid Eran 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is low among adolescents in the USA. Identification of factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of ≥1 dose) is critical for improving uptake. Our objective was to systematically investigate all eligible factors available in a nationally representative sample of adolescents to identify drivers of HPV vaccine initiation using a novel methodological approach.MethodsWe performed multiple cross-sectional analyses using data from the adolescent component of the National Immunization Surveys (NIS)-Teen between 2014 and 2019. Study participants were parents or caregivers of adolescents aged 13–17 years. Exposure variables measured sociodemographic and geographical characteristics, health conditions and healthcare provision. We tested the association between each factor and HPV vaccine initiation using univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for mother’s age, mother’s education level, mother’s marital status, poverty status and adolescent’s sex. We validated findings for each type of analysis within surveys, between surveys (across years 2014–2019) and across several subgroups (age, sex, poverty status and race/ethnicity).ResultsSix factors were replicated in the multivariate analysis. Most replicated factors characterised the role of healthcare providers and healthcare-seeking behaviours. After adjustment, provider HPV recommendation remained the most strongly associated with HPV vaccine initiation (2019 NIS-Teen: OR 13.4, 95% CI 11.3 to 17.3, p<0.001). The variance explained by a full model including replicated factors was 0.39.ConclusionsThis is the first study to explore the association between all available factors in the NIS-Teen and HPV vaccine initiation in a systematic manner. Our study suggests that healthcare-seeking behaviours and interactions with the health system may be drivers of HPV vaccine initiation and warrant further study. Addressing these factors could improve the rate of HPV vaccine initiation among adolescents in the USA.
Three-dimensional flux vacua from IIB on co-calibrated G2 orientifolds
Authors: Emelin Maxim , Farakos Fotis , Tringas George 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe derive the 3D N = 1 superpotential for the closed string sector of type IIB supergravity on toroidal O5 orientifolds with co-calibrated G2 structure and RR background flux. We find that such compactifications can provide full closed string moduli stabilization on supersymmetric $$\hbox {AdS}_3$$

AdS
3

vacua, and once we include brane-supersymmetry-breaking we also find indication for the existence of classical 3D de Sitter solutions. The latter however are rather difficult to reconcile with the “shape” moduli stabilization and flux quantization. We also discuss the possibility of achieving scale separation in $$\hbox {AdS}_3$$

AdS
3

and $$\hbox {dS}_3$$

dS
3

vacua, but such effects seem to be hindered by the geometric flux quantization.
First attempt at rehabilitation of Asiatic Black Bear cubs to the wild in Thailand
Authors: Steinmetz Robert , Phumanee Worrapan , Phoonjampa Rungnapa , Weingdow Suthon 
Published: May 2021

Returning orphan bear cubs to the wild can benefit bear welfare and conservation but is hindered in Asia by the scarcity of documented experience. We experimented with rehabilitation of two Asiatic Black Bear cubs in Thailand using the assisted method of soft-release. We raised the 5-month old cubs for 11 months with minimal human contact in a remote enclosure in high quality habitat, letting cubs out periodically to walk with caretakers in the forest. The caretakers acted as surrogate mothers, allowing cubs to safely acquire foraging skills and familiarity with the forest. Supplementary feeding resulted in the cubs’ rapid weight gain (average 157g/day), faster than would occur in the wild. Faster growth allowed the cubs to be released sooner, reducing the likelihood of long-term habituation. After three months of rehabilitation, the bear cubs started showing signs of being wary of the caretakers (e.g., cautious when we approached their enclosure) and their focus during walks switched from play to foraging. After seven months they began to spend nights away from their enclosure, thus declining the supplemental food. This sequence and timing of increasing separation and independence from people matched other assisted soft releases in the region. The cubs went missing in month 12, shortly before planned collaring and release. They were seen together 2.5 months later on a fruiting tree and ran away when approached. Assisted soft releases might be a promising option for bear rehabilitation in Asia but more data are needed to evaluate their effectiveness relative to other methods. This method affords direct observations of bears in the wild that can augment our knowledge of bear behavior and ecology.
Old Routes, New Dreams: Reminiscences of the Southern Silk Road and Bengal-China Connectivities
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayati 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An increasing optimism at the prospect of “shared prosperity” has revived attention on ancient historical routes such as the Southern Silk Road compelling us to rethink notions of the “centre” and the “periphery” in comprehending binaries of nation-states and agencies of globalization. This article focuses on revisiting circulatory movements and networks from the past across land and sea between Bengal delta and China in strengthening the networks and a new alignment of communities and economic possibilities. It explores some of the lesser-studied historical routes in the region and different dimensions of “place making” in the popular imagination and new synergies to redefine the Bengal-China connections.
In Pursuit of a Replication Culture in Mathematics Education
Authors: Star Jon R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As we celebrate the launch of a new mathematics education journal focused (at least in part) on replication studies, I add to a conversation initiated by others (e.g., Aguilar, 2020) around what it would mean for our field to be more amendable to replication. This paper begins by examining several replication studies in mathematics education as a way to reflect upon types of replication studies and the importance of replication in our field. I then problematize the idea of a conceptual replication, and I explore the boundary between a replication and a follow-up study. Finally, I consider what it might take for the field of mathematics education to become a more replication-friendly culture by introducing a distinction between idea-initiated research and results-initiated research.
Multi-Stakeholder Frameworks for Rectification of Non-Compliance in Cleaning Supply Chains: The Case of the Cleaning Accountability Framework
Authors: Rawling Michael , Kaine Sarah , Josserand Emmanuel , Boersma Martijn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is now an expanding body of literature on the significant problem of business non-compliance with minimum labour standards including ‘wage theft’. Extended liability regulation beyond the direct employer is seen as one solution to this non-compliance in fragmented but hierarchically organised industries—such as the cleaning industry. This article uses empirical evidence to assess the effectiveness of one such regulatory scheme, the Cleaning Accountability Framework (CAF), in addressing non-compliance with minimum labour standards (including provisions of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) and the Cleaning Services Award 2020). We find that CAF has been successful in identifying and rectifying certain non-compliance, improving working conditions for some cleaners involved in the scheme. We synthesise the key success factors of CAF in view of envisioning the adoption of such co-regulation frameworks in other industries. We also propose legal reforms that will support change across the cleaning industry.
Validation of perceived physical fatigability using the simplified-Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale
Authors: Hu Yixin , Zhang Hangming , Xu Weihao , Zhao Ming , Liu Juan , Wu Linna , Zou Lin , Zuo Jing , Liu Yunxia , Fan Li , Bair Woei-Nan , Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Glynn Nancy W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) was developed to capture fatigue and demand in a single tool, filling a gap that no validated questionnaire existed to measure perceived fatigability. Since fatigability is a more sensitive measure of a person’s susceptibility to fatigue, we validated the simplified-Chinese version of the PFS among Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban community in Beijing between November 2018 and July 2019. The PFS was translated into simplified-Chinese by the translation, retro-translation method. Internal consistency of the Physical subscale of the PFS was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were evaluated against physical performance measures (i.e., Short Physical Performance Battery & Timed Up and Go Test) and daily living performance (i.e., Barthel Index & Instrumental activity of daily living).

Results
Our study included 457 participants, including 182 men (39.8%) and 275 women (60.2%). The age range of the included participants was 61–96 years (mean = 84.8 years, SD = 5.8 years). The simplified-Chinese version of PFS Physical scores showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81). Higher PFS Physical scores were associated with worse physical performance, and daily living performance (|correlation coefficient| range: 0.36–0.56, p < .001). Age- and sex-adjusted PFS Physical scores had moderate to good overall discrimination for correctly classifying people by their physical performance and daily living performance (AUCs range 0.70–0.87, p < .001).

Conclusions
The PFS simplified-Chinese version is a valid instrument to assess perceived physical fatigability in Chinese-speaking older adults with good convergent validity. Thus, the PFS, with low cost and greater feasibility, is a desired tool to measure fatigability in large population studies.
Association of serum antibodies against the Mycobacterium avium complex and hemoptysis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ogata Hiroaki , Moriwaki Atsushi , Nakagawa Taisuke , Sakoda Soichiro , Ishimatsu Akiko , Taguchi Kazuhito , Aso Hiroshi , Nogami Hiroko , Kadowaki Masako , Tateshi Yuko , Yoshida Makoto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemoptysis is very common and can be life threatening in clinical practice for nontuberculous mycobacteria. The serum antibody against the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC-Ab), the majority of nontuberculous mycobacteria species, is well known to reflect the activity of MAC lung disease; however, there is no study investigating the association between the MAC-Ab and hemoptysis in MAC patients. Therefore, we assessed whether the MAC-Ab is a good biomarker for hemoptysis among subjects with MAC lung disease.

Methods
This study was conducted as a five-year retrospective survey at the National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital. A total of 155 patients aged ≥20 years with MAC lung disease were enrolled and separated into seropositive and seronegative groups using the cutoff for MAC-Ab levels of 0.7 U/ml. The prevalence of hemoptysis and odds ratios for the presence of hemoptysis were estimated and compared between the groups. To investigate the linear trends in the relationship between MAC-Ab levels and hemoptysis, the subjects were classified into three groups using the tertile distribution of the MAC-Ab.

Results
The prevalence of hemoptysis was twice as high in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group (42.2 and 21.7%, respectively, P = 0.02). The multivariable-adjusted risk of hemoptysis was elevated in the seropositive group as compared with the seronegative group (odds ratio = 2.79 (95% confidence interval 1.15–7.44)). Likewise, when categorizing the subjects into three groups, the risk of hemoptysis increased with increasing MAC-Ab levels (P = 0.03 for trend).

Conclusions
A positive MAC-Ab level was a significant risk factor for hemoptysis among patients with MAC lung disease. There were also positive trends in the association between the MAC-Ab titer and the likelihood of hemoptysis. Measuring the MAC-Ab may contribute not only to early detection of the risk of hemoptysis but also to early intervention with anti-NTM therapy and, as a result, to the prevention of hemoptysis in MAC patients.
The differential demographic pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 fatality outside Hubei and from six hospitals in Hubei, China: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Lu Qing-Bin , Zhang Hai-Yang , Che Tian-Le , Zhao Han , Chen Xi , Li Rui , Jiang Wan-Li , Zeng Hao-Long , Zhang Xiao-Ai , Long Hui , Wang Qiang , Wu Ming-Qing , Ward Michael P. , Chen Yue , Zhang Zhi-Jie , Yang Yang , Fang Li-Qun , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has been largely controlled in China, to the point where case fatality rate (CFR) data can be comprehensively evaluated.

Methods
Data on confirmed patients, with a final outcome reported as of 29 March 2020, were obtained from official websites and other internet sources. The hospitalized CFR (HCFR) was estimated, epidemiological features described, and risk factors for a fatal outcome identified.

Results
The overall HCFR in China was estimated to be 4.6% (95% CI 4.5–4.8%, P < 0.001). It increased with age and was higher in males than females. Although the highest HCFR observed was in male patients ≥70 years old, the relative risks for death outcome by sex varied across age groups, and the greatest HCFR risk ratio for males vs. females was shown in the age group of 50–60 years, higher than age groups of 60–70 and ≥ 70 years. Differential age/sex HCFR patterns across geographical regions were found: the age effect on HCFR was greater in other provinces outside Hubei than in Wuhan. An effect of longer interval from symptom onset to admission was only observed outside Hubei, not in Wuhan. By performing multivariate analysis and survival analysis, the higher HCFR was associated with older age (both P < 0.001), and male sex (both P < 0.001). Only in regions outside Hubei, longer interval from symptom onset to admission, were associated with higher HCFR.

Conclusions
This up-to-date and comprehensive picture of COVID-19 HCFR and its drivers will help healthcare givers target limited medical resources to patients with high risk of fatality.
Effectiveness of sepsis bundle application and outcomes predictors to cirrhotic patients with septic shock
Authors: Yang Yong-Ye , Hsu Yin-Chou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Cirrhotic patients with septic shock have a poorer prognosis compared with the general population. Our study aimed to investigate the survival benefit of the implementation of hour-1 bundle proposed by Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and to analyze the predictors associated with short-term mortality of these patients.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective case-control study was conducted among adult patients who visited the emergency department between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. All patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and septic shock were enrolled. Their baseline characteristics, laboratory results, source of sepsis, and sepsis bundle management were recorded. We further divided the patients into survivor and non-survivor groups to identify independent prognostic factors.

Results
A total of 88 patients were eligible for this study. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 53.4% (47/88). The proportion of hour-1 bundle achievement was 30.7% (27/88). There were no significant mortality differences between the hour-1 bundle achievement and non-achievement groups (44.4% vs. 57.4%, p = 0.35). Compared with the patients in the survivor group, patients in the non-survivor group had significantly more advanced stage of cirrhosis and a lower proportion of receiving source control (4.3% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.02). The chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] =1.52, p < 0.01), serum lactate (AHR =1.03, p < 0.01), and source control (AHR =0.54, p = 0.02) were identified as independent prognostic factors in the multivariate regression model. Furthermore, the CLIF-SOFA score (area under curve [AUC]: 0.81) and lactate levels (AUC: 0.77) revealed good mortality discrimination ability in cirrhotic patients with septic shock.

Conclusions
The application of the hour-1 bundle did not reveal a significant survival benefit to cirrhotic patients with septic shock. Clinicians could utilize CLIF-SOFA scores and lactate levels for mortality risk stratification and put more emphasis on the feasibility of source control to improve their prognosis.
Assessing migraine patients with multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry
Authors: Ali Eman N. , Carle Corinne F. , Lueck Christian J. , Kolic Maria , Maddess Ted 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
To establish the effects of stimulating intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) on migraine severity, and to determine if migraine produces objectively-measured visual field defects.

Methods
A randomized, open labelled, crossover study tested migraineurs and normal controls using multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) with 44 test-regions/eye. A slow blue protocol (BP) stimulated ipRGCs, and a fast yellow protocol (YP) stimulated luminance channels. Migraine diaries assessed migraine severity. Per-region responses were analyzed according to response amplitude and time-to-peak.

Results
Thirty-eight migraineurs (42.0 ± 16.5 years, 23 females) and 24 normal controls (39.2 ± 15.2 years, 14 females) were tested. The proportion of subjects developing a migraine did not differ after either protocol, either during the 1st day (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.2–4.4, p = 0.48) or during the first 3 days after testing (odds ratio 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.3–2.1, p = 0.68). Migraine days/week did not increase following testing with either protocol in comparison to the baseline week (1.4 ± 1.6 pre-testing (mean ± SD), 1.3 ± 1.4 post-BP, and 1.3 ± 1.2 post-YP; p = 0.96), neither did other measures of severity. Migraine occurring up to 2 weeks before testing significantly lowered amplitudes, − 0.64 ± 0.14 dB (mean ± SE), while triptan use increased amplitudes by 0.45 ± 0.10 dB, both at p < 0.001.

Conclusions
Stimulating ipRGCs did not affect migraine occurrence or severity. Pupillary response characteristics were influenced by the occurrence of a recent migraine attack and a history of triptan use.