bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Center Variability in Acute Rejection and Biliary Complications After Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kanneganti Mounika , Xu Yuwen , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Kitt Eimear , Fisher Brian T. , Abt Peter L. , Rand Elizabeth B. , Schaubel Douglas E. , Bittermann Therese 
Published: August 2021

Transplant center performance and practice variation for pediatric post–liver transplantation (LT) outcomes other than survival are understudied. This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric LT recipients who received transplants between January 1, 2006, and May 31, 2017, using United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) data that were merged with the Pediatric Health Information System database. Center effects for the acute rejection rate at 1 year after LT (AR1) using UNOS coding and the biliary complication rate at 1 year after LT (BC1) using inpatient billing claims data were estimated by center‐specific rescaled odds ratios that accounted for potential differences in recipient and donor characteristics. There were 2216 pediatric LT recipients at 24 freestanding children’s hospitals in the United States during the study period. The median unadjusted center rate of AR1 was 36.92% (interquartile range [IQR], 22.36%‐44.52%), whereas that of BC1 was 32.29% (IQR, 26.14%‐40.44%). Accounting for recipient case mix and donor factors, 5/24 centers performed better than expected with regard to AR1, whereas 3/24 centers performed worse than expected. There was less heterogeneity across the center effects for BC1 than for AR1. There was no relationship observed between the center effects for AR1 or BC1 and center volume. Beyond recipient and allograft factors, differences in transplant center management are an important driver of center AR1 performance, and less so of BC1 performance. Further research is needed to identify the sources of variability so as to implement the most effective solutions to broadly enhance outcomes for pediatric LT recipients.
Low‐Cost Paper‐Based Conducting Polymer‐Hydrogel Flexible Bio‐Radar Sensor for Detecting Biological Objects
Authors: Ye Fengming , Cao Yi , Yan Mengying , Wang Lulu , Sun Chongyang , Zhong Cheng , Lu Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBio‐machine interface (BMI) is a crucial bridge for information exchange between living organisms and smart electronics. Flexible bio‐radar sensors, an important component of BMI devices, can measure spatial information of biological objects in real time and thus have attracted considerable attention owing to their wide applicability. However, in various practical scenarios, developing noncontact‐type flexible bio‐radar sensors for remote identification and detection of free‐behaving biological objects remains a challenge. To address this, paper‐based conducting polymer‐hydrogel (PCPH) bio‐radar sensors can be fabricated using a simple, low‐cost process. An intertwined core/shell microstructure of a conducting polymer‐hydrogel compound is formed on the fibers of the paper substrate. The resulting PCPH sensors exhibit a highly sensitive and spatial‐dependent response to a human finger based on an inductance mechanism. Attributed to the merits of the fabricated PCPH bio‐radars, complex behaviors of a human finger and hand using a customized multilevel security protection system and multichannel virtual piano system, respectively, are successfully detected. Furthermore, the detection limit of the PCPH sensors is verified by performing unattended monitoring and automatic analysis of the feeding and defensive behaviors of freely moving mice. These results prove the advantages of flexible PCPH bio‐radar sensors and demonstrate their application potential in BMIs.
Toward a Better Understanding of Activation Volume and Dynamic Decoupling of Glass‐Forming Liquids under Compression
Authors: Phan Anh D. , Ngan Nguyen K. , Le Nam B. , Thanh Le T. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhysical properties of the pressure‐induced activation volume and dynamic decoupling of ternidazole, glycerol, and probucol by the elastically collective nonlinear Langevin equation theory is theoretically investigated. Based on the predicted temperature dependence of activated relaxation under various compressions, the activation volume is determined to characterize effects of pressure on molecular dynamics of materials. It is found that the decoupling of the structural relaxation time of compressed systems from their bulk uncompressed value is governed by the power‐law rule. The decoupling exponent exponentially grows with pressure below 2 GPa. The decoupling exponent and activation volume are intercorrelated and have a connection with the differential activation free energy. Relationships among these quantities are analyzed numerically and mathematically to explain many results in previous experiments and simulations.
Dietary Sterols and Sterol Oxidation Products on Atherosclerosis: An Insight Provided by Liver Proteomic and Lipidomic
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Liu Yan , Zhao Tian , Xiao Fan , Yang Xuan , Lu Baiyi 
Published: August 2021

ScopeThe development of atherosclerosis is closely associated with disorder of lipid metabolism. Dietary sterols and their oxidation products play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, their effects on liver lipid metabolism during the atherosclerosis remain unknown.Methods and ResultsHere, we apply lipidomic and proteomic analysis on liver of ApoE–/– mice feed with phytosterols, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs), or phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) to profile lipid species and reveal the underlying mechanism. Dietary exposure of phytosterols, COPs, and POPs all reduce the accumulation of liver triglyceride (TG), but COPs and POPs accelerate the fibrosis of liver. Lipidomic analysis reveals that phytosterols mainly decrease the levels of phosphatidylinositol (PI), while COPs and POPs both increase the level of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and reduce TG with long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Besides, COPs up‐regulated levels of lipids associate with atherosclerosis risk, such as phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ceramides (Cer). POPs down‐regulate the level of acyl carnitine (AcCa). Furthermore, proteomic analysis shows that COPs promote oxidative phosphorylation and POPs inhibit the beta oxidation of fatty acids.ConclusionsThis study reveals that phytosterols, COPs, and POPs differently change the composition and metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids in liver of ApoE–/– mice.
Synthesis of gels by means of Michael addition reaction of multi‐functional acetoacetate and diacrylate compounds and their application to ionic conductive gels
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Satoh Mitsusuke , Magara Tomoyuki , Ahmed Kumkum , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMichael‐addition reactions of multi‐functional acetoacetate, meso‐erythritol tetraacetoacetate (ETAA), trimethylolpropane triacetoacetate (TPTAA), and diacrylate compounds, 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate, 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9‐nonanediol diacrylate, or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), in dimethyl sulfoxide have successfully yielded the corresponding gels in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.5.0]undecane‐7‐ene as a catalyst at room temperature. The gel formation rates of the reaction systems with TPTAA were higher than those with ETAA. The gels prepared with the alkyl diacrylate compounds or low molecular weight PEGDA showed higher Young's modulus in compression test. The ETAA‐PEGDA gels were also prepared in propylene carbonate containing Li ion or in an ionic liquid. These gels showed good ionic conductivity with conductivity value as high as 2.26 and 2.38 mS/cm at room temperature for the Li ion and ionic liquid containing systems respectively.
Family history of asthma influences outpatient respiratory outcomes in children with BPD
Authors: McGlynn Julianne R. , Aoyama Brianna C. , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreterm children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at increased risk for intermittent and chronic respiratory symptoms during childhood and adult life. Identifying children at higher risk for respiratory morbidities in the outpatient setting could help improve long‐term outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that a family history of asthma (FHA) is a risk factor for higher acute care usage and respiratory symptoms in preterm infants/children with BPD, following initial discharge home.MethodsSubjects were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia outpatient clinic between January 2008 and February 2020 (n = 827). Surveys were administered to caregivers and demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained through chart review.ResultsDemographic features associated with FHA included public health insurance, lower median household income, and nonwhite race. Children with FHA had higher odds of emergency department (ED) visits, systemic steroid use, nighttime respiratory symptoms, and activity limitations. There was no association between FHA and BPD severity.ConclusionThis study found that children with BPD and FHA were more likely to have respiratory symptoms and acute care usage during the first 3 years of life and that FHA was associated with lower socioeconomic status. Although there was no association between FHA and BPD severity, FHA could predict an increased likelihood of both ED visits and need for systemic steroids in infants/children with BPD followed in the outpatient setting.
Carbon dioxide monitoring in the newborn infant
Authors: Williams Emma , Dassios Theodore , Greenough Anne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring is vital during mechanical ventilation of newborn infants, as morbidity increases when CO2 levels are inappropriate. Our aim was to review the uses and limitations of such noninvasive monitoring methods. Colorimetry is primarily utilized during resuscitation to determine whether successful intubation has occurred. False negative and positive results can however lead to delays in detecting tracheal versus esophageal intubation. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide sensors have limited use during resuscitation, but can be utilized to provide continuous trend data during on‐going ventilation. End‐tidal capnography can provide clinicians with quantitative end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2) values and a continuous real‐time capnogram waveform trace. These devices are becoming more widely accepted for use in the neonatal population as the new devices are lightweight with minimal additional dead space. Nevertheless, they have been reported to have variable accuracy when compared to arterial CO2 measurements, however, divergence of results may be related to disease severity rather than technological limitations. During resuscitation EtCO2 can be detected by capnography more rapidly than by colorimetry. Furthermore, capnography can be currently utilized in neonatal research settings to determine the physiological dead space and ventilation inhomogeneity, and thus has potential to be beneficial to clinical care. In conclusion, novel modes of noninvasive carbon dioxide monitoring can be safely and reliably utilized in newborn infants during mechanical ventilation. Future randomized trials should aim to address which device provides the most optimal form of monitoring in different clinical contexts.
Decorating Bacteria with a Therapeutic Nanocoating for Synergistically Enhanced Biotherapy
Authors: Hou Weiliang , Li Juanjuan , Cao Zhenping , Lin Sisi , Pan Chao , Pang Yan , Liu Jinyao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisorders in the gut microbiota have been implicated in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, and cancers. Oral microecologics are of great importance due to their ability to directly intervene the gut microbiome as well as their noninvasiveness and low side effects, while have suffered from low bioavailability and a single therapeutic effect. Here, probiotics are coated with a therapeutic nanocoating for synergistically enhanced biotherapy, a method inspired by the robust protective and therapeutic effectiveness of silkworm cocoon. With its transition from a random coil to β‐sheet conformation, silk fibroin can self‐assemble onto the surface of bacteria. By a simple layer‐by‐layer procedure, an entire nanocoating can be formed along with a near quantitative coating ratio and almost uninfluenced bacterial viability. Thanks to its protective barrier role and innate pharmaceutical activity, silk fibroin nanocoating endows the coated bacteria with a markedly improved survival against gastric insults and a synergistically enhanced therapeutic effect in a murine model of intestinal mucositis. This work demonstrates how therapeutic elements can be combined with probiotics via a simple coating strategy and proposes an alternative to enhance bioavailability and treatment efficacy of oral microecologics.
High Voltage‐Stabilized Graphdiyne Cathode Interface
Authors: Chang Qian , Wang Fan , Zuo Zicheng , He Feng , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Li Yuliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuppressing the irreversible interfacial reactions is an important scientific bottleneck in the development of stable high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion battery. The interfacial chemistry of graphdiyne (GDY) on the high‐voltage cathode of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) shows a very interesting process, in which the sp‐hybridization carbon atoms chemically scavenge the hydrofluoric acid (HF) and in situ form the fluorinated GDY interface. It first turns the harmful HF into profit, and greatly enhances the interfacial stability and restrains the side reaction on the cathode under high working voltage. The GDY‐coated LNMO cathode obviously alleviates the electrolyte degradation, achieves high Coulombic efficiency and reliability. Due to atomic‐level selectivity and chemical trapping of HF by GDY, it effectively suppresses the dissolution of Mn, Ni elements. These results highlight the unparalleled advantages of GDY in the formation of high stable interfaces and protection of high‐energy‐density electrodes.
Applications of Atomic Layer Deposition in Design of Systems for Energy Conversion
Authors: Plutnar Jan , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a huge demand for clean energy conversion in all industries. The clean energy production processes include electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of water to hydrogen, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen conversion to ammonia, and oxygen reduction reaction and require novel cheap and efficient photo‐ and electrocatalysts and their scalable methods of fabrication. Atomic layer deposition is a thin film deposition method that allows to deposit thin layers of catalysts on virtually any surface of any shape, size, and porosity in an even and easy to control manner. Here the state of the art in applications of atomic layer deposition in the clean energy production and the opportunities it represents for the whole field of the photo‐ and electrocatalysis for a sustainable future are reviewed.
Photoresponsive PAMAM‐Assembled Nanocarrier Loaded with Autophagy Inhibitor for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jing Manman , Li Yafei , Wang Meimei , Zhang Hao , Wei Pengfei , Zhou Yang , Ishimwe Nestor , Huang Xiaowan , Wang Liansheng , Wen Longping , Wang Weiping , Zhang Yunjiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs one of the most promising drug‐delivery carriers due to its small size, easy surface modifiability, and hydrophobic interior, cationic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) per se, demonstrated by previous reports and the authors’ present study, indicate potential anticancer capability, however, which are restricted by autophagy elicitation. Besides, its side‐toxicity profile, having also been extensively documented, limits its translation into the clinic. Herein, the authors design a photoresponsive PAMAM‐assembled nanoparticle loaded with the autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine, CQ), which exhibits light responsiveness for precisely controlling drug release and superior dark biosafety. Upon light irradiation, the nanoparticle can dissociate into charged small PAMAM for a significant antitumor effect. Meanwhile, the released CQ can inhibit pro‐survival autophagy induced by PAMAM to achieve an excellent synergistic anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The authors’ study provided a vision of utilizing PAMAM as self‐carried anticancer therapeutics in combination with an autophagy inhibitor and proposing a cancer therapy with high antitumor efficacy and low side effects to normal tissues.
Optical Properties of Carbon Dots in the Deep‐Red to Near‐Infrared Region Are Attractive for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Di , Ushakova Elena V. , Rogach Andrey L. , Qu Songnan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) represent a recently emerged class of luminescent materials with a great potential for biomedical theranostics, and there are a lot of efforts to shift their absorption and emission toward deep‐red (DR) to near‐infrared (NIR) region falling in the biological transparency window. This review offers comprehensive insights into the synthesis strategies aimed to achieve this goal, and the current approaches of modulating the optical properties of CDs over the DR to NIR region. The underlying mechanisms of their absorption, photoluminescence, and chemiluminescence, as well as the related photophysical processes of photothermal conversion and formation of reactive oxygen species are considered. The already available biomedical applications of CDs, such as in the photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and their use as bioimaging agents and drug carriers are then shortly summarized.
Solid Solution of Bi and Sb for Robust Lithium Storage Enabled by Consecutive Alloying Reaction
Authors: Wang Yutao , Yu Ruohan , Luo Tingting , Ma Ganggang , Hu Guangwu , Lyu Jiahui , Zhou Liang , Wu Jinsong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaterials with alloying reactions have significant potential as electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and appropriate lithiation potentials. Nonetheless, their cycling performance is inferior due to violent volume expansion and severe pulverization of active materials. Herein, solid solution of Bi0.5Sb0.5 encapsulated with carbon is discovered to enable consecutive alloying reactions with manageable volume change, suitable for developing LIBs with high capacity and robust cyclability. A Sb‐rich shell and Bi‐rich core structure is formed in cycling since the alloying reaction between Sb and Li occurs first, followed by the alloying reaction between Bi and Li. Such a consecutive alloying reaction obeying the thermodynamic path is experimentally realized by the carbon capsulation, which acts as a protecting solid layer to avoid polarized reactions occurred when exposed directly to liquid electrolyte. The LIBs using Bi0.5Sb0.5@carbon run on the consecutive alloying reactions exhibits high capacity, prolonged lifespan (489.4 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1) and fast kinetic, while those using bare Bi0.5Sb0.5 suffer from worsened kinetic and thus a poor cycling performance owning to the polarized reactions. The work paves a way of developing alloy electrodes for alkaline‐ion rechargeable batteries with potential industry applications.
Das Nanolaminatpflaster – Schweißnahtnachbehandlung für bisher unerreichte Lebensdauerverlängerung
Authors: Brunow Jakob , Rutner Marcus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWartung und Inspektion von dynamisch beanspruchter stählerner Infrastruktur sind kostenintensiv. Die Frequenz der Inspektionen steigt zum Ende der Lebensdauer an. Schwachstellen einer Konstruktion sind meist die konstruktiven Verbindungen. Wirtschaftliche Sanierungsmaßnahmen von ermüdeten konstruktiven Verbindungen, die kostspielige Inspektionsintervalle unnötig machen, wurden bis jetzt nicht in die breite Praxis übertragen. In diesem Aufsatz wird mit der Nanolaminatbeschichtung, auch Nanolaminatpflaster genannt, ein neues Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren vorgestellt. Eine Ermüdungsstudie im Zugschwellbereich mit geschweißten und mit Nanolaminat beschichteten Stahlproben zeigt erstmals das Potenzial dieses Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahrens hinsichtlich Lebensdauerverlängerung, auch gegenüber anderen bekannten Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren. Durch die Nanolaminatbeschichtung ergeben sich in dieser Vorstudie vielversprechende Einzelergebnisse: Bei einer Spannungsschwingbreite nahe der Streckgrenze wird die Lebensdauer im Mittel um das Drei‐ bzw. 4,5‐Fache erhöht. Die Nanolaminatbeschichtung wird im Vergleich mit anderen Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren diskutiert. Die Schweißnahtnachbehandlung mit Nanolaminatbeschichtungen erscheint industrieübergreifend von großem Interesse und ist bei neuen oder bestehenden Konstruktionen anwendbar.
Collective Phronesis in Business Ethics Education and Managerial Practice: A Neo-Aristotelian Analysis
Authors: Kristjánsson Kristján 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of various discourses relevant to developing a construct of collectivephronesis, from a (neo)-Aristotelian perspective, with implications for professional practice in general and business practice and business ethics education in particular. Despite the proliferation of interest in practical wisdom within business ethics and more general areas of both psychology and philosophy, the focus has remained mostly on the construct at the level of individual decision-making, as in Aristotle’sNicomachean Ethics. However, he also made intriguing remarks aboutphronesisat the collective level in hisPolitics: remarks that have mostly eluded elaboration. The aim of this article is practical and revisionary, rather than exegetical and deferential, with respect to Aristotle. Nevertheless, just as most of the literature on individualphronesisdraws on Aristotle’s exposition in theNicomachean Ethics, the obvious first port of call for an analysis of collectivephronesisis to explore the resources handed down to us by Aristotle himself. The lion’s share of this article is, therefore, devoted to making sense of Aristotle’s somewhat unsystematic remarks and the lessons we can draw from them about collective managerialphronesisand business ethics education.