bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher baseline levels of CSF inflammation increase risk of incident mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia
Authors: Contreras Joey Annette , Aslanyan Vahan , Albrecht Daniel S , Mack Wendy J. , Pa Judy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Few studies have investigated how inflammation early in the disease course may affect AD progression over time despite converging evidence that elevated levels of inflammation are associated with AD in cross-sectional studies.
Methods

Two-hundred ninety-two research participants with CSF biomarkers from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were included in this study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate whether baseline levels of inflammatory CSF markers were associated with incident mild cognitive impairment or AD and time to conversion. Potential moderating effects of sex and APOE4 were also examined.
Results

Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-9, and IL-12p40 at baseline were associated with higher rates of conversion to MCI/AD. Interactions with sex and APOE4 were observed, such that women with elevated TNF- α and all APOE4 carriers with elevated IL-9 levels had shorter times to conversion. Additionally, TNF-α mediated the relationship between elevated IL-12p40 and IL-9.
Conclusion

Elevated inflammation markers are associated with incident MCI or AD, and the factors of sex and APOE4 status modify the time to conversion.
Trend of Mortality Rate Due To Traffic Accidents In Iran From 2006 to 2018
Authors: Erfanpoor Saeed , Hasani Jalil , Mirtorabi Seyed Davood , Manouchehri Reza Haj , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Traffic accidents are one of the most common causes of mortality and physical disabilities, endangering the lives of many people all over the world annually and are among the top public health problems worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the trend of mortality rate due to traffic accidents in the provinces of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the deaths caused by traffic accidents in Iran during 2006-2018 were investigated. Using the population of the country by age, sex, and provinces of the country, the mortality rate was calculated and the trend of 13-year changes was studied. The negative binomial regression was used to analyze the linear or nonlinear trend of reduction in mortality rate during the study years. Microsoft Excel 2016 and Stata version 14 software were used to analyze the data.Results: During the study period, 259995 traffic accidents deaths occurred in Iran, of which 78.6% were men and 21.4% were women. The mean age of the deceased was 37.6 ± 20.7 years (37.4 ± 20 years in men and 38.6 ± 23 years in women). The number of the deaths in these years has decreased from 27,567 in 2006 to 17,183 in 2018 and the mortality rate has dropped from 39 per 100,000 in 2006 to 21 per 100,000 in 2018.Conclusion: Despite the decreasing trend in the mortality rate of traffic accidents in Iran during the study years, this trend was different across the provinces. Therefore, it seems necessary to design epidemiological studies to be conducted in different area and provinces of a country, to better and more accurately determine the factors affecting the occurrence of these deaths.
Utilization of Skilled Birth Attendants and Associated Factors Among Women Having Children Less Than Two Years in Bench-Shako, South West of Ethiopia,2020
Authors: Gudeta Mogos Beya , Dirirsa Dejene Edosa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:-Skilled attendant delivery is considered the most critical intervention in reducing maternal death and ensuring safe motherhood. But, the level of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world: indicate the proportion of births occurring at health facilities is low. Globally, about 289,000 women die each year due to preventable causes, yielding a maternal mortality rate of 210 per 100,000 live births. In Ethiopia, institutional delivery is low 34%. From the treatable and preventable woman deaths, 16 % occurs during delivery.To mitigate maternal death by identifying the utilization of skilled birth attendants and associated factors among women children less than two years is important.Objective: Assess the utilization of skilled birth attendants and associated factors among the women children less than two years in South West, Ethiopia, 2020G.C.Methods and Materials: Community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 294 women children less than two years in Mizan- Amen, Bench Shako zone, 2020.Structured questionnaires were to collect the data by face-to-face interviews of a systematically selected participant. The data were analysed by SPSS software version 21.Results: Among the respondents (294), 30.6% of them had utilized skilled birth attendants. The contributing factors associated with the utilization of skilled birth attendants were:-Age of the respondents (21–25), governmental employees, having antenatal care follow-up, and nearest to the health facility.Conclusions: Generally, this study has indicated the skilled birth attendance was low. Mothers with government-employed, Age in years, having antenatal care follow-up, and nearest to the health facility in less than 30minutes were predictors of skilled birth attendant.
Dynamic modeling of hospitalized COVID-19 patients reveals disease state dependent risk factors
Authors: Soper Braden , Cadena Jose , Nguyen Sam , Chan Ryan , Kiszka Paul , Womack Lucas , Work Mark , Duggan Joan , Haller Steven , Hanrahan Jennifer , Kennedy David , Mukundan Deepa , Ray Priyadip 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The global pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has significantly strained hospital resources worldwide. Improved understanding of the COVID-19 disease trajectory for patients requiring hospitalization would allow for the development of more targeted preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A covariate-dependent, continuous-time hidden Markov model with four states (moderate-illness, severe-illness, discharged, and deceased) was used to model the dynamic progression of COVID-19 during the course of hospitalization. All model parameters were estimated using the electronic health records of 1,362 patients from ProMedica Health System admitted between March 20, 2020 and December 29, 2020 with a positive nasopharyngeal PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, vital signs and laboratory test results were retrospectively evaluated to predict clinical progression and outcomes. Several patient-level covariates were associated with differential impacts on the risk of progression. Specifically, while being male, being black or having a medical co-morbidity were all associated with an increased risk of progressing from the moderate to severe disease state, these factors resulted in a decreased risk of transitioning from the severe to the deceased disease state. Body mass index (BMI) alone was not found to be associated with an increased risk of disease progression, while higher age was associated with an increased risk in progressing from moderate to severe and from severe to deceased states. Regardless of the differential risk profiles, all covariates considered other than BMI and asthma were associated with an overall increased risk of transitioning to the deceased state. Recent studies have not included analyses of the temporal progression of COVID-19, making the current study a unique modeling-based approach to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Such dynamic risk stratification models have the potential not only to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19, but also a myriad of other acute and chronic diseases that, to date, have largely been assessed only by static modeling techniques.
Integrative multi-omics identifies high risk Multiple Myeloma subgroup associated with significant DNA loss and dysregulated DNA repair and cell cycle pathways
Authors: Ortiz-Estévez María , Samur Mehmet , Towfic Fadi , Flynt Erin , Stong Nicholas , Jang In Sock , Wang Kai , Trotter Matthew W. B. , Thakurta Anjan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite significant therapeutic advances in improving lives of Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients, it remains mostly incurable, with patients ultimately becoming refractory to therapies. MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease and therapeutic resistance is driven by a complex interplay of disease pathobiology and mechanisms of drug resistance. We applied a multi-omics strategy using tumor-derived gene expression, single nucleotide variant, copy number variant, and structural variant profiles to investigate molecular subgroups in 514 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) samples and identified 12 molecularly defined MM subgroups (MDMS1-12) with distinct genomic and transcriptomic features.
Results
Our integrative approach let us identify ndMM subgroups with transversal profiles to previously described ones, based on single data types, which shows the impact of this approach for disease stratification. One key novel subgroup is our MDMS8, associated with poor clinical outcome [median overall survival, 38 months (global log-rank pval < 1x10− 6)], which uniquely presents a broad genomic loss (> 9% of entire genome, t.test pval < 1e-5) driving dysregulation of various transcriptional programs affecting DNA repair and cell cycle/mitotic processes. This subgroup was validated on multiple independent datasets, and a master regulator analyses identified transcription factors controlling MDMS8 transcriptomic profile, including CKS1B and PRKDC among others, which are regulators of the DNA repair and cell cycle pathways.
Conclusion
Using multi-omics unsupervised clustering we were able to discover a new high-risk multiple myeloma patient segment. This high-risk group presents diverse previously known genetic markers, but also a new characteristic defined by accumulation of genomic loss which seems to drive transcriptional dysregulation of cell cycle, DNA repair and DNA damage. Finally, our work identified various master regulators, including E2F2 and CKS1B as the genes controlling these key biological pathways.
Determining the depth of surface charging layer of single Prussian blue nanoparticles with pseudocapacitive behaviors
Authors: Wang wei , Niu Ben , Jiang Wenxuan , Lv Mengqi , Wang Sa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Based on the dependence of the light scattering intensity of single Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) on their oxidation state during sinusoidal potential modulation at varying frequencies, we present an electro-optical microscopic imaging approach to optically acquire the Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (oEIS) of single PBNPs. Frequency analysis revealed typical pseudocapacitive behavior with hybrid charge-storage mechanisms depending on the modulation frequency. In the low-frequency range (0.04–1 Hz), the optical amplitude was inversely proportional to the square root of the modulation frequency (i.e., ∆I ∝ f− 0.5; diffusion-limited process), while in the high-frequency range (1.25–100 Hz), it was inversely proportional to the modulation frequency (∆I ∝ f− 1; surface charging process). The contribution of each process was, therefore, determined and quantified using oEIS at the single-nanoparticle level. Because the geometry of single cuboid-shaped PBNPs can be precisely determined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, oEIS of single PBNPs allowed the determination of the depth of the surface charging layer, revealing it to be ~ 2 unit cells regardless of the nanoparticle size.
Genetic Mutation of Hb E/beta Thalassemia Patient in Bangladesh and Its Relation With Clinical Severity
Authors: Mahzabin Nishat , Aziz Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Akhlak-Ul , Jahan Nusrat , Sajib Md. Kamrul Hasan , Islam Ismat Ara , Chowdhury Md. Raiq Raihan , Dey Mily , Kabir Amin Lutful , Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia is a common inherited hemoglobin disorder among South Asian countries. The phenotypically diverse presentation of the disease is often attributed to coinheritance of β-globin (HBB) gene mutations. The current study described the phenotype and genetic basis of Hb E/β-thalassemia patients and assessed its relation with clinical severity.Methods: A total of 32 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Cases were confirmed by using capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography. Those with positive findings were further analyzed with clinical information and ancestral data either from the interview or medical records. Data collection was confined to May 2019 and July 2020. Gene sequencing was performed using Sanger’s sequencing method for mutational analysis, and Mahidol scoring was used to grade clinical severity.Result: A total of 13 heterozygous mutations were identified in the HBB gene. Of all, IVS-1-5 (G>C) (n=17, 53.1%) was the most common, and codon 30 (G>C) (n=4, 12.5%) was the second most common mutations. According to the Mahidol scoring system, 37.5% (n=12) were classified as phenotypically mild, 43.8% (n=14) as moderate and 18.8% (n=6) as severe. The IVS-1-5(G>C) mutation was found to be frequently associated with severe disease and showed no mild form.Conclusion: The present study described the clinical severity and its association with genetic mutations in hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia patients. This finding could guide individually tailored management strategies for this particular group of patients.
A Discrete Relativistic Spacetime Formalism for 1+1-QED With Continuum Limits
Authors: Sellapillay Kevissen , Arrighi Pablo , Molfetta Giuseppe Di 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We build a quantum cellular automaton (QCA) which coincides with 1 + 1 QED on its known continuum limits. It consists in a circuit of unitary gates driving the evolution of particles on a one dimensional lattice, and having them interact with the gauge field on the links. The particles are massive fermions, and the evolution is exactly U(1) gauge-invariant. We show that, in the continuous-time discrete-space limit, the QCA converges to the Kogut-Susskind staggered version of 1 + 1 QED. We also show that, in the continuous spacetime limit and in the free one particle sector, it converges to the Dirac equation—a strong indication that the model remains accurate in the relativistic regime.
Experimental Seismic Performance of a Reduce-Scale Stone Masonry Loess Cave With Traditional Buildings
Authors: Zhao Xiangbi , Xue Jianyang , Zhang Fengliang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The seismic behavior of the independent type of a stone masonry loess cave (SMLC) is examined. A tri-directional shake table test was employed on 1:4 reduced-scale specimen of SMLC. The specimen represented a typical traditional dwelling of the loess region in China, consisting of unreinforced masonry walls and inner loess, without any seismic treatment. The dynamic parameters directly measured by the test include the acceleration response, displacement response of each key position of the stone masonry loess cave, and the detailed record of the damage form of the structure under each loading. The analysis results indicated that the simplified model design method not only satisfied the main similarity relationship of the reduced-scale structure shaking table test, but also achieved excellent test results. Through the calculation results to determine the torsion angle of the node and the deformation between the layers, corresponding strengthening measures could be proposed for the life extension protection of this traditional building. Finally, according to the analysis of the test results, the damage state and damage level of the prototype of the SMLC is established.
Approximate Solutions to the Forced Damped Parametric Driven Pendulum Oscillator: Chebyshev Collocation Numerical Solution
Authors: Albalawi Wedad , Salas Alvaro H. , El-Tantawy S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, novel semi-analytical and numerical solutions to the forced damped driven nonlinear (FDDN) pendulum equation on the pivot vertically for arbitrary angles are obtained for the first time. The semi-analytical solution is derived in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions with arbitrary elliptic modulus. For the numerical analysis, the Chebyshev collocation numerical method is introduced for analyzing tthe forced damped parametric driven pendulum equation. Moreover, the semi-analytical solution and Chebyshev collocation numerical solution are compared with the Runge-Kutta (RK) numerical solution. Also, the maximum distance error to the obtained approximate solutions is estimated with respect to the RK numerical solution. The obtained results help many authors to understand the mechanism of many phenomena related to the plasma physics, classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, optical fiber, and electronic circuits.
The Role of Autoimmunity on the Relation Between Erosions and Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Clinical Research
Authors: Moret Margaux , Morizot Caroline , Bittencourt Marcelo de Carvalho , Allado Edem , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle , Loeuille Damien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
IntroductionBoth erosions and osteoporosis are present in rheumatoid arthritis and are related to RANK-L pathway activation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between erosion and bone mineral density (BMD) in RA and whether it can be driven by autoimmunity.Patients and methodsPatients followed in the Department of Rheumatology between January 2008 and May 2019 satisfied the 1987 ACR or 2010 ACR-EULAR criteria. Erosions were evaluated by the modified Sharp/van der Heidje erosion score (SHSe) on radiographs and bone mineral density (BMD) in g/cm2 and by the T-score at the hip on DXA. The presence and titers of ACPA as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) were recorded at intervals of less than 2 years for both DXA and radiography.ResultsA total of 149 patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 61.1% were ACPA positive, 79.9% were erosive and 10.7% had a hip T-score ≤-2.5. ACPA status but not titers was associated with a higher erosion score (63.0 (53.2) for ACPA + vs. 45.5 (44.1) for ACPA – (p= 0.04)). ACPA titers were associated with lower BMD at the hip (value -0.216; p=0.01) but not with T-score. A higher erosion score was associated with a lower BMD (R2: 0,049 and value: -0.222; p=0.009) and T-score (R2: 0,158 and value -0.397; p<0.0001) at the hip. In linear regression, erosion and systemic bone loss were still associated with but not driven by ACPA status or titer. RF and ANA did not demonstrate any role in this association.ConclusionWe showed that the relationship between erosion and bone mineral density associated with RA does not seem to be driven by ACPA or other autoimmunity parameters. However, the presence of ACPA or erosion should lead to osteoporosis assessment.
Developing a Co-Production Strategy to Facilitate the Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Interventions for Rural Health Systems: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Jungyoon , Estabrooks Paul , Aggarwal Alisha , McMillan Analisa , Alshehri Khalid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence-based colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) interventions exist, but have not been broadly adopted in rural primary care settings. Participatory adoption and implementation strategies may be promising in closing this gap through a clinical-academic partnership to guide rural practitioners to locate, select, and implement CRCS interventions that align with local context. We developed a prototype strategy adapted from the National Cancer Institute’s ‘Putting Public Health Evidence in Action’ curriculum in collaboration with two rural clinics to facilitate systems change related to CRCS. This paper describes the process of co-development and delivery of a systems-focused strategy to improve adoption, implementation, and sustainability of CRCS interventions. Methods: We used a bundle of implementation strategies with a core focus on academic-clinical partnership development and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to identify clinical partner interests/preferences on delivery methods and content needed to facilitate intervention identification and systems-change processes that improve CRCS rates. Clinic physicians and staff (n=7) at the rural clinics were asked to evaluate the approach based on overall reactions and perceptions of innovation characteristics using 5-point Likert scale. After completing the systems-change process, we conducted key-stakeholder interviews (n=5) to assess feasibility and acceptability on content/delivery format and plans for ongoing implementation of CRCS evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Results: Electronic blueprints for CRCS EBI selection and implementation (8 modules) were developed and followed by an online forum/live-streaming conference to allow for CRCS tailoring. The two clinics used different learning approaches: one completed the modules together while the other completed the modules separately to cover material before a group video conference. Across all modules, participants in both clinics reported positive reactions toward the systems-change modules. Both clinics reported improvements in how they perceived the characteristics of the modules and the participatory approach to tailor selected CRCS EBIs. Through the process both clinics developed a specific EBI implementation plan. Interview participants reported that the approach was feasible and acceptable, and provided suggestions for further improvements on content, delivery, and format of the approach.Conclusions: The bundle of implementation strategies used were feasible and acceptable in rural primary care practices to facilitate the use of evidence-based approaches to improve CRCS.
The relationship between recurrent implantation failure and sexual function in infertile Iranian women: A case-control study
Authors: Ghorbani Samira , Hekmat Khadijeh , Abedi Parvin , Ghanbari Saeed , Dibavand Narjes 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Recurrent implantation failure affects 3–5% of women, which means failing to implant after two or more high-quality embryo transfer cycles. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between recurrent implantation failure and sexual function in infertile Iranian women.
Methods

This was a case-control study of 180 infertile Iranian women (90 infertile women with recurrent implantation failure and 90 infertile women with no implantation failure). A demographic questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index were used for data collection. Data analyzed by means of chi-square, independent t-test and linear regression.
Results

The mean scores of different domains of sexual function including (desire, lubrication, arousal, orgasm, pain, satisfaction) were significantly lower in the group with RIF compared to the group without RIF. The total score of sexual function was significantly lower in the RIF group than in the RIF-free group (23.11 ± 2.24, vs. 25.99 ± 2.35, p < 0.001). Women in the RIF group were 2.65 times more likely to have a low score of sexual function compared to the women with no RIF (p < 0.001).
Conclusion

Women experiencing recurrent implantation failure may be at particular risk for reduced sexual function. Sexual function issues should be treated as an important component of comprehensive care.
Case Report: Intraoperatively diagnosed perforated Meckel’s Diverticulum containing gastric-type mucosa
Authors: Laham Omar Al , Albrijawy Reham , Alsamman Mhd Imadaldin , Shaheen Jack , Atia Fareed , Merhij Alhasan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.