bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUCTION OF GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTIONS FROM SPECTRUM DATA
Authors: Prishchenko Olga , Cheremskaya Nadezhda 
Published: December 2021

It is known that a stationary random process is represented as a superposition of harmonic oscillations with real frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes. In the study of nonstationary processes, it is natural to have increasing or declining oscillationсs. This raises the problem of constructing algorithms that would allow constructing broad classes of nonstationary processes from elementary nonstationary random processes. A natural generalization of the concept of the spectrum of a nonstationary random process is the transition from the real spectrum in the case of stationary to a complex or infinite multiple spectrum in the nonstationary case. There is also the problem of describing within the correlation theory of random processes in which the spectrum has no analogues in the case of stationary random processes, namely, the spectrum point is real, but it has infinite multiplicity for the operator image of the corresponding operator, and when the spectrum itself is complex. Reconstruction of the complex spectrum of a nonstationary random function is a very important problem in both theoretical and applied aspects. In the paper the procedure of reconstruction of random process, sequence, field from a spectrum for Gaussian random functions is developed. Compared to the stationary case, there are wider possibilities, for example, the construction of a nonstationary random process with a real spectrum, which has infinite multiplicity and which can be distributed over the entire finite segment of the real axis. The presence of such a spectrum leads, in contrast to the case of a stationary random process, to the appearance of new components in the spectral decomposition of random functions that correspond to the internal states of «strings», i.e. generated by solutions of systems of equations in partial derivatives of hyperbolic type. The paper deals with various cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator , namely, the case of a discrete spectrum and the case of a continuous spectrum, which is located on a finite segment of the real axis, which is the range of values of the real non-decreasing function a(x). The cases a(x)=0, a(x)=a0, a(x)=x and a(x) is a piecewise constant function are studied. The authors consider the recovery of nonstationary sequences for different cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator promising since spectral decompositions are a superposition of discrete or continuous internal states of oscillators with complex frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes and therefore have deep physical meaning.
A Study Of 7th Grade Sudent’s Views on Student-Teacher Relationship and its Effect on Academic Grades at School Level in Quetta District
Authors: Azeem Seema 
Published: December 2021

The study explores the views of students, and investigates the effect of their views on their academic performances in the form of grades. The hypothesis tested in this study was thatthe positive relationshipbetween teacher and students leads to a high academic achievement. This research was conducted in Elementary schools of Quetta. The sample used for this study was 6 Elementary schools, both of male and female and the sample consisted of 200 students. The students were selected randomly from the chosen 6 schools. The nature of the study was quantitative and questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The outcomes of the study reveal that a correlation exists between student relations with their teachers and the findings of the regression test show that positive relationship of teachers with their student impact student achievement.
EVALUATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM OF NON-PERMANENT EDUCATORS ASSIGNATION AT THE EDUCATIONAL UNITS IN ALOR REGENCY
Authors: Selly Alboin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of assignation program of non-permanent educators by the Educational Department in Alor using the CSE-UCLA model which consist of four stages namely needs assessment, program planning, formative evaluation and summative evaluation. A descriptive-qualitative method was applied with interview techniques, questionnaires,and documentation for the data collection. Based on the component of needs assessment, the program has a clear legal basis. However, since there is no technical guidance, therefore a different interpretation occurs during the implementation. Based on the program planning, the educational department has a program plan while the school needs aspect has not been fulfilled in terms of education degree and field of study. Formative evaluation, the assignation criteria for educators is based on school proposals using the administrative selection system. The placement of educators is not in accordance with the needs of schools based on the subject course. Summative evaluation, achievement of the program objectives has been attained in terms of quantity, although the improvements in terms of quality of assignation and placement of educatorare needed to be a concern to meet the schoolâ€™ needs
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR TEACHERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Syafaat Ariful Huda  
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of organizational justice and trust directed at the organization as a whole on OCB. Also investigated were the influence between organizational justice and OCB, and the influence between trust and OCB.
Design/Methodology/Approach: From a sample of 273 teachers from 305 Private Junior High Schools in Tangerang District, we tested the hypothesized model using structural equation models.
Findings: The main findings are as follows: Findings show that organizational justice and trust have a positive effect on teacher’s OCB and OCB is also positively related to trust.
Originality/value: The results of the study show that teachers could be engaged in organizational citizenship behavior when they perceive fairness of the equality, needs, rights of opinion, transparency, neutrality and acknowledging the same position of the organizational process.
THE APPLICATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONS ITEM QUALITY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiah  
Published: December 2021

The activity of analyzing the items is one of the obligations for each teacher in an effort to improve the quality of the questions. However, for Civics Education teachers, this has never been done especially for questions created by the Subject Teachers' Consultation which are used for the end-semester assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the questions based on distinguishing feature, level of difficulty, and effectiveness of the distractor. This study is an evaluation study of 50 items of Civics Education Subject test in Banjarmasin, totaling 50 questions in the form of multiple choice questions at the end-semester test, academic year 2019/2020. The data collected are in the form of: (1) final exams question sheet, (2) question answer key sheet, and (3) students’ answer sheet. All data is obtained by documentation techniques. Data analysis uses the AnBuso version 8.0 application. The criteria for determining the quality of items are: (a) questions are considered good if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough, the level of difficulty is medium and all alternative answers are effective, (b) revision of alternative answers, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough and the level of difficulty is medium, but the alternative there are ineffective answers, (c) good enough, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough but the level of difficulty is easy/difficult, and (d) not good, if the distinguishing feature is not good. The results of this study indicate that the questions used for the end-semester test at Junior High School in Banjarmasin are 50 % of poor quality.
Current Controversies and Decision-Making in the Management of Biceps Pathologies
Authors: Blaeser Anna M. , Markus Danielle H. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Gonzalez-Lomas Guillem , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M. 
Published: December 2021

» Biceps tendon pathologies include a spectrum of injuries that range from mild tendinosis to complete tendon rupture.» Tendinosis, the most common pathology, occurs more frequently with age and is likely related to chronic degeneration. On the other side of the spectrum of severity lies a rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), which may be accompanied by injury to the glenoid labrum.» Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are frequently associated with biceps pathology. Surgical management for injuries of the bicipital-labral complex includes biceps tenodesis or tenotomy and SLAP repair. A consensus as to which of these procedures is the optimal choice has not been reached, and management may ultimately depend on patient-specific characteristics.» Due to the relatively low incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture, agreement on the optimal management strategy has not been reached. Surgical repair, or reconstruction in the case of a chronic rupture, is often chosen. However, nonoperative management has also been utilized in older, less-active patients.
Morphological Variability of Mangosteen in Bengkulu Province (Variabilitas Morfologi Manggis di Provinsi Bengkulu)
Authors: Miswarti NFN , Calista Irma , Putra Wawan Eka , Sugandi Dedi , Rahman Taupik , Fauzi Emlan , Wahyuni Tri , Hartono Rudi , Sastro Yudi 
Published: December 2021

<p>Mangosteen is a genetic resource scattered and cultivated by farmers in Bengkulu Province. The study aimed at determining the morphological variability of mangosteen. The study was conducted from March to October 2015 in Bengkulu province using on-site supervision and observation methods. The number of plants observed was 34 genotypes and qualitatively and quantitatively characterized based on the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agriculture Licensing (CPVPAL) guide. The data of morphology were analyzed by comparing the average value, variance, and standard deviation. Relationship or data grouping phenotypic characters appearance were identified using NTSYS software version 2.1. The results show wide variability in the density of leaf, flower size, and fruit weight, while narrow variability is occurred in plant height and the thickness of the rind. Data analysis of mangosteen genotypes generated similarity coefficients range from 0.71 to 0.91 (71-91%). Genotype 24 and 27 have the closest relationship, with the similarity coefficient of 91%.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Mangosteen; Morphology; Variability; Character; Phenotypic</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Manggis merupakan sumber daya genetik yang tersebar dan dibudidayakan oleh petani di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas fenotipik buah manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2015 di Provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode observasi langsung morfologi tanaman manggis yang telah berbuah. Jumlah tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 34 genotipe dan masing-masing genotipe diamati karakterisasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif berdasarkan panduan Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Perizinan Pertanian (PPVTPP). Analisis data melalui perbandingan varian fenotipik dengan standar deviasi varian fenotipe diukur dengan nilai rata-rata, varians, dan standar deviasi. Kekerabatan atau pengelompokan data penampilan karakter fenotipik dilakukan dengan menggunakan software NTSys versi 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas luas terdapat pada kerapatan daun, ukuran bunga, dan bobot buah, sedangkan variabilitas sempit pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan ketebalan kulit buah. Analisis genotipe manggis menghasilkan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,71-0,91 (71-91%). Dari dendogram diperoleh genotipe yang memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi terdapat pada genotipe 24 dan 27 dengan nilai kemiripan sebesar 91%.<strong></strong></p>
The Impact of Carbon Pricing On International Competitiveness In The Case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mukhtarov Shahriyar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article examines the impact of carbon pricing on international competitiveness for Azerbaijan, utilizing different cointegration methods such as, ARDLBT, CCR, DOLS, and FMOLS to the data spanning from 1998 to 2019. The results of the various cointegration approaches are in line with each other. The estimation results revealed that carbon pricing has a negative and significant impact on the international competitiveness in Azerbaijan. The study concludes that the Azerbaijani policymakers should implement carbon pricing measures (implicit) to decrease energy heavy industries as well as use more renewable energy in order to prevent higher pollution effects of fossil fuels.
Investigation on Compressibility and Microstructure Evolution of Intact Loess During Wetting Process
Authors: Jian Tao , Kong Ling-wei , Bai Wei , Sun Zhi-liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Loess is widely deposited in arid and semi-arid areas and is characterized by low dry density, developed pore space, and loose structure, which is not commensurate with that high structural strength and shear strength in the dry state. Many natural phenomena and experimental studies show that intact loess is very sensitive to the change of water content, with slight increases in water content causing a rapid reduction in strength. Abundant information is available in the literature for collapsibility of loess; however, the research on the evolution of loess compressibility during wetting is still minimal, which is very helpful to understand the loess collapsible deformation caused by long-term irrigation. In this paper, the evolution of compressibility of intact loess during wetting are studied by oedometer test, and the microstructure and pore size distribution (PSD) is characterized on intact loess specimens with different water content before and after oedometer tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) methods. The results show that the compression index (Cc) and secondary compression index (Cα) of intact loess depend on water content and vertical stress and change abruptly after the vertical stress exceeds the yield stress. The Cα/Cc values of the intact loess are not constant, which increased with the vertical stress to peak and then gradually decreased and tend to 0.025. Both wetting and loading can cause microstructural damage to the intact loess, in which loading leads to the collapse of the overhead structure and transformation from a bimodal PSD into a single PSD, and wetting intensifies the collapse of microstructure to form a compacted interlocking structure and promotes the transformation of medium pores into small pores.
Testing Mediation Effects in High-Dimensional Microbiome Data with False Discovery Rate Control
Authors: Yue Ye , Hu Yijuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding whether and which microbes played a mediating role between an exposure and a disease outcome are essential for researchers to develop clinical interventions to treat the disease by modulating the microbes. Existing methods for mediation analysis of the microbiome are often limited to a global test of community-level mediation or selection of mediating microbes without control of the false discovery rate (FDR). Further, while the null hypothesis of no mediation at each microbe is a composite null that consists of three types of null (no exposure-microbe association, no microbe-outcome association given the exposure, or neither), most existing methods for the global test such as MedTest and MODIMA treat the microbes as if they are all under the same type of null. Results: We propose a new approach based on inverse regression that regresses the (possibly transformed) relative abundance of each taxon on the exposure and the exposure-adjusted outcome to assess the exposure-taxon and taxon-outcome associations simultaneously. Then the association p-values are used to test mediation at both the community and individual taxon levels. This approach fits nicely into our Linear Decomposition Model (LDM) framework, so our new method is implemented in the LDM and enjoys all the features of the LDM, i.e., allowing an arbitrary number of taxa to be tested, supporting continuous, discrete, or multivariate exposures and outcomes as well as adjustment of confounding covariates, accommodating clustered data, and offering analysis at the relative abundance or presence-absence scale. We refer to this new method as LDM-med. Using extensive simulations, we showed that LDM-med always controlled the type I error of the global test and had compelling power over existing methods; LDM-med always preserved the FDR of testing individual taxa and had much better sensitivity than alternative approaches. In contrast, MedTest and MODIMA had severely inflated type I error when different taxa were under different types of null. The flexibility of LDM-med for a variety of mediation analyses is illustrated by the application to a murine microbiome dataset, which identified a plausible mediator.Conclusions: Inverse regression coupled with the LDM is a strategy that performs well and is capable of handling mediation analysis in a wide variety of microbiome studies.
Effects of Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yields of Lowland Rice-Wheat Rotation System in East China
Authors: He Hao , Li Dandan , Wu Ze , Zhang Tiancheng , Pan Feifan , Wang Fengwen , Yang Shuyun , Ma Youhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The subtropical region of East China is characterized by abundant water and temperature resources conducive to crop cultivation, and large areas of lowland have been widely used for agricultural planting. To explore the feasible methods of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction for rice-wheat rotation system, shallow ditch (SD) and deep ditch (DD) treatments in the wheat season were set up for drainage to control the water content in soil, with the conventional non-ditching treatment as the control group (CG). Results showed that methane (CH4) emissions from paddy soil were in the majority in global warming potential (GWP) in rice-wheat rotation system. In the three years, compared with that of CG, the CH4 cumulative emissions of SD and DD were reduced by 65.80% and 63.42% (rice season), and 101.37% and 77.28% (wheat season), respectively; the nitrous oxide (N2O) cumulative emissions of SD and DD were reduced by 27.62% and 11.30% (rice season), and 1.53% and -37.40% (wheat season), respectively; the total GWP produced by SD and DD in the three years was reduced by 58.78% and 52.22%, respectively; GHG emission intensity (GHGI) of SD and DD declined by 60.67% and 53.85%, respectively; the CH4 emission flux was significantly positively correlated with atmospheric temperature and 5 cm ground temperature, but negatively correlated with soil Eh; when the soil Eh value was lower than -150 mV, the CH4 emission flux increased significantly, indicating that -150 mV was the key soil Eh value for CH4 emissions in this area; in addition, both SD and DD led to markedly decrease in soil organic matter content and an increase in soil pH. The findings indicate that SD and DD not only ensure stably increasing production, but also effectively reduce GHG emissions.
Primary Energy Consumption Structure and The Influencing Factors In China: An Income Decomposition and Post-Economic Crisis Era Perspective
Authors: Wang Ting , Liu Jianghua , Xu Yongqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China’s coal-based energy structure makes its carbon peak and neutrality goals very challenging. Therefore, the optimization of the energy structure has become an important means, and exploring its influencing factors and trends has become the basis and prerequisite for the formulation of policies related to the optimization of the energy structure. This study adopts regression methods considering heteroskedasticity and cross-section correlation to study the panel data of 30 provinces in China, and obtains the changes of relationship between the fossil and non-fossil fuels consumption of different regions and their influencing factors after two global financial crises. Research results show that, China's energy consumption tends to decouple from GDP. Income structure changes especially trade changes are important factors in influencing energy consumption and energy structure. The deviation of energy resources distribution and consumption distribution tends to strengthen. The impact of urbanization development models, energy prices and efficiency shows regional heteroskedasticity.
Recurrence and Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients with Different Etiology After Radical Resection: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Chen , Su Jingbo , Qiu Yinghe , Wu Hong , Song Tianqiang , Mao Xianhai , He Yu , Cheng Zhangjun , Li Jingdong , Zhai Wenlong , Zhang Dong , Geng Zhimin , Tang Zhaohui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients with different etiology after radical resection.
Methods
A total of 448 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection between 2010 and 2018 at ten Chinese tertiary hospitals were analyzed in the study. These patients were divided into conventional ICC (Con-ICC, n=261, 58.2%), hepatitis B virus ICC (HBV-ICC, n=102, 22.8%) and hepatolithiasis (Stone-ICC, n=85,19.0%) subtypes according to different etiology. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to mitigate the baseline differences between related two subtypes.
Results
Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that different etiology was a prognostic factor for overall survival and relapse-free survival, and different etiology was an independent risk factor for overall survival in ICC patients, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, there was a statistical difference for overall survival in early recurrence patients among the three etiological subtypes (P<0.05). After PSM, the overall survival of patients with Stone-ICC was worse than those of Con-ICC and HBV-ICC subtypes (P<0.05), while the relapse-free survival of patients with Stone-ICC was equivalent to patients with Con-ICC and HBV-ICC (P>0.05). In Stone-ICC patients, the median overall survival was 16.0 months and 29.7 months, and the median relapse-free survival was 9.0 months and 20.0 months for non-ACT and ACT patients, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion
The prognosis of Stone-ICC patients was significantly worse than those of Con-ICC and HBV-ICC patients. Interestingly, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of Stone-ICC patients effectively.