bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First detection of Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) as a facultative endoparasitoid of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: El-Hawagry Magdi Shaaban Ali , Ebrahim Ayman Mohey Eldin , Nada Maha Salah Eldin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe phorid flyMegaselia scalaris(Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) is an omnivorous species, capable of exploring a large variety of environments and ecological niches. It is known as an important detritivore species with maggots feeding on a variety of food of both animal and plant origin.ResultsThe present study reportsM. scalarisas an endoparasitoid attacking colonies of the southern green stink bugNezara viridula(L.) for the first time. This case of parasitism was observed inside rearing cages ofN. viridulaat the Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt in August 2020. We firstly identified adult individuals ofM. scalariswhich were found moving erratically within the cages using relevant identification keys. To verify thatN. viridulaindividuals are parasitized by the same parasitoid and they are not infected with other parasitoids, some of the parasitized bugs were transferred to a separate cage at the same laboratory conditions and the developmental stages of the dipteran parasitoid were observed until the adult emergence.ConclusionThe present investigation revealed thatM. scalariscould be included to the recorded parasitoid species ofN. viridula, and further studies should be carried out to assess the efficacy of this fly as a biocontrol agent.
Biological control of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in vegetables, in vitro and in vivo tests
Authors: Abd-El-Khair Hassan , Abdel-Gaied Tarek G. , Mikhail Maurice S. , Abdel-Alim Ahmed I. , El-Nasr Hamdy I. Seif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Several chemical bactericides were applied for controlling soft rot bacteria, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, which causes the destructive soft rot disease to many economically important vegetables, but because of their toxic hazards on human and environment became limit. The biocontrol was applied to control many plant pathogens. Therefore, this work is aimed to study the antagonistic activity of bacterial agents, i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and fugal agents, i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma virens, to control bacterial soft rot disease under in vitro and in vivo tests.

Results
The tested treatments could protect the potato tubers against the development of soft rot. T. viride and T. virens were highly effective in reducing soft rot symptoms on inoculated potato tuber slices, when applied at the same time or 2 h before pathogen inoculation, while B. megaterium and T. harzianum were highly effective when applied at the same time or 2 h after pathogen inoculation. In whole potato tubers technique, B.pumilus highly protected the stored potato tuber under artificially infection conditions, than P. fluorescens, T. harzianum, B. subtilis, T. viride, T. virens and B. megaterium, respectively.

Conclusion
Application of fungal agents or specify the bacterial species can play an important role in controlling bacterial soft rot disease in vegetables and increase the stored periods of potato tubers under storage conditions without any toxic effects.
Ophiocordyceps salganeicola, a parasite of social cockroaches in Japan and insights into the evolution of other closely-related Blattodea-associated lineages
Authors: Araújo João P. M. , Moriguchi Mitsuru G. , Uchiyama Shigeru , Kinjo Noriko , Matsuura Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe entomopathogenic genus Ophiocordyceps includes a highly diverse group of fungal species, predominantly parasitizing insects in the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. However, other insect orders are also parasitized by these fungi, for example the Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Despite their ubiquity in nearly all environments insects occur, blattodeans are rarely found infected by filamentous fungi and thus, their ecology and evolutionary history remain obscure. In this study, we propose a new species of Ophiocordyceps infecting the social cockroaches Salganea esakii and S. taiwanensis, based on 16 years of collections and field observations in Japan, especially in the Ryukyu Archipelago. We found a high degree of genetic similarity between specimens from different islands, infecting these two Salganea species and that this relationship is ancient, likely not originating from a recent host jump. Furthermore, we found that Ophiocordyceps lineages infecting cockroaches evolved around the same time, at least twice, one from beetles and the other from termites. We have also investigated the evolutionary relationships between Ophiocordyceps and termites and present the phylogenetic placement of O. cf. blattae. Our analyses also show that O. sinensis could have originated from an ancestor infecting termite, instead of beetle larvae as previously proposed.
Experience with the novel unifemoral parallel sheath technique in percutaneous intervention of chronic total coronary occlusions
Authors: Reifart Joerg , Schilling Konstanze , Hamm Christian W. , Reifart Nicolaus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous interventions to address chronic coronary occlusions (CTO-PCI) often require simultaneous ipsi- and contralateral coronary injections. Although radial access is increasingly popular, bifemoral artery access is still the preferred choice of CTO operators.The aim of this case series is to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the unifemoral parallel sheath technique, which avoids two puncture sites, increases patient comfort, and improves procedure ergonomics.It offers rapid second access to the femoral artery adjacent to the first sheath as well as closure by unilateral manual compression without or with 1 or 2 vascular closure devices.ResultsWe retrospectively evaluated the procedure results in 90 consecutive CTO patients where an ipsilateral parallel sheath access was considered. Placement of the second sheath uneventfully failed in two because of severe femoral calcification and narrowing. In 96.6%, the first sheath was 7 F (3.4% 6F), while the second sheath was 4 F in 22.7%, 5 F in 64.7%, and 6 or 7 F in 11.4% each.No major complications nor severe bleeding events occurred, and the mean drop of hemoglobin was low (0.6 g/dL ± 0.86).ConclusionIn CTO-PCI requiring contralateral coronary injections or the retrograde technique, the ipsilateral parallel sheath technique might be a feasible alternative to the standard bifemoral or femoral-radial access.
Clinical outcome of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in treatment of hypertensive patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Laurentius Andrea , Mendel Brian , Prakoso Radityo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 has been stated as global disease pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Up to 30% of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with hypertension are more susceptible to death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been used as primary line of medication for hypertension; nonetheless, conflicting data arises as numerous studies showed contradictory results.

Main body
Aiming to show clinical outcome of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in hospital treatment of hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease 2019, systematically searched literatures through five databases were intensively appraised using The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation checklists for cohort studies. Based on the result evaluation from retrospective cohorts involving more than 15,000 patients across Asia and other regions of the world, ten encompassed studies divided into two subgroups in this meta-review showed that in-hospital hypertensive coronavirus disease 2019 patients receiving antihypertensive drugs were associated with overall risk reduction in subgroup 1 (hazard ratio, HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.82–1.12) to no outcome association of all-cause mortalities in subgroup 2 (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.19–0.34). All appraised studies in synergism showed that mortality outcomes were not augmented with the employment of either ACE inhibitor or ARB in subjects.

Conclusion
Therefore, the results support recommendation by the American Heart Association not to discontinue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker regimens in coronavirus disease 2019 patients with hypertension.
3D modeling of electromagnetic gradiometer data — A numerical study on tunnel detection
Authors: Dehiya Rahul 
Published: February 2021

I have examined the possibility of using a 3D modeling algorithm in studying tunnel detectability using the electromagnetic gradiometer (EMG) response. A detailed comparison of different source-receiver configurations reveals that the EMG response is stronger for a configuration when the transmitter and receiver are orthogonal to each other than the parallel configurations. Orthogonal configurations perform better at a relatively lower frequency than the parallel configuration. The EMG response is enhanced with the broadside offset defined as the distance between transmitter and receiver pair. The response of a tunnel is generally weak; consequently, deviation from the configuration in which both receivers are equidistant from the transmitter masks the response of a tunnel. The impact analysis of tunnel-floor conductivity revealed that a one-order-higher conductive floor does not change the behavior of response compared to a tunnel without a conductive floor. However, the two-order-higher conductive floor changes the shape of the response curves, yet the change in the magnitude is not significant. The presence of a metal conductor substantially enhances the response of an EMG system. The parallel configuration is more suitable for the depth estimation of the tunnel than the orthogonal configuration. The distortion in the EMG response due to the heterogeneity in the case of an orthogonal configuration depends on the broadside offset. For a zero broadside offset, the response is severely distorted by the small-scale inhomogeneity. For a broadside offset such as 20 m, the impact of small-scale inhomogeneity is almost invisible.
Metapoetic Readings around Ekphrasis andFu賦
Authors: Ekström Martin Svensson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe author argues that the Greek tradition of ekphrasis and the Chinese genre of fu 賦 share at least two essential characteristics: they are devoted to exhaustive descriptions and are manifestly nonmetaphorical. The six texts under scrutiny—Mei Sheng's fu poem “Qi fa,” book 6 of Quintilian's Institutio oratoria, Zuo Si's preface to his “Sandu fu,” Xunzi's analysis of Zhou tombs and funerary rituals in his “Li lun” essay, the “Shield of Achilles” episode in the Iliad, and the metaphorical section of Sima Xiangru's “Shanglin fu”—all employ a similar set of rhetorical strategies but with different emphases. A reading of one in light of the others reveals new information about Chinese and Western theories of representation and metaphoricity. For example, Homer makes his audience alternate between belief and disbelief in the scenes engraved on Achilles's shield. A similar to-and-fro movement in Xunzi's ekphrastic text is configured very differently. By contrast, the abrupt change in mode of expression from ekphrasis to metaphor at the end of “Shanglin fu” emphasizes the key themes of that poem: the shift from excess to frugality, from hedonistic pleasure seeking to ritualized asceticism, and from aristocratic (and thus vulgar) display of wealth to a royal celebration of purity and introspection.
Vasohibin 1 selectively regulates secondary sprouting and lymphangiogenesis in the zebrafish trunk
Authors: de Oliveira Marta Bastos , Meier Katja , Jung Simone , Bartels-Klein Eireen , Coxam Baptiste , Geudens Ilse , Szymborska Anna , Skoczylas Renae , Fechner Ines , Koltowska Katarzyna , Gerhardt Holger 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have shown that Vasohibin 1 (Vash1) is stimulated by VEGFs in endothelial cells and that its overexpression interferes with angiogenesis in vivo. Recently, Vash1 was found to mediate tubulin detyrosination, a post-translational modification that is implicated in many cell functions, such as cell division. Here, we used the zebrafish embryo to investigate the cellular and subcellular mechanisms of Vash1 on endothelial microtubules during formation of the trunk vasculature. We show that microtubules within venous-derived secondary sprouts are strongly and selectively detyrosinated in comparison with other endothelial cells, and that this difference is lost upon vash1 knockdown. Vash1 depletion in zebrafish specifically affected secondary sprouting from the posterior cardinal vein, increasing endothelial cell divisions and cell number in the sprouts. We show that altering secondary sprout numbers and structure upon Vash1 depletion leads to defective lymphatic vessel formation and ectopic lymphatic progenitor specification in the zebrafish trunk.
A translation-independent function of PheRS activates growth and proliferation in Drosophila
Authors: Ho Manh Tin , Lu Jiongming , Brunßen Dominique , Suter Beat 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) not only load the appropriate amino acid onto their cognate tRNAs, but many of them also perform additional functions that are not necessarily related to their canonical activities. Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (PheRS/FARS) levels are elevated in multiple cancers compared to their normal cell counterparts. Our results show that downregulation of PheRS, or only its α-PheRS subunit, reduces organ size, whereas elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit stimulates cell growth and proliferation. In the wing disc system, this can lead to a 67% increase in cells that stain for a mitotic marker. Clonal analysis of twin spots in the follicle cells of the ovary revealed that elevated expression of the α-PheRS subunit causes cells to grow and proliferate ∼25% faster than their normal twin cells. This faster growth and proliferation did not affect the size distribution of the proliferating cells. Importantly, this stimulation proliferation turned out to be independent of the β-PheRS subunit and the aminoacylation activity, and it did not visibly stimulate translation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative parameter evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders
Authors: Lee Chena , Choi Yoon Joo , Jeon Kug Jin , Han Sang-Sun 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study investigated the usefulness of quantitative parameters [longitudinal relaxation (T1), transverse relaxation (T2), and proton density (PD)] obtained with synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the progression of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Methods: For individual TMJ disorder diagnoses, the presence of disc displacement in MRI and the osseous change in cone-beam CT were investigated. Joints were classified into three stages: (1) silent stage, no disc displacement or osseous change; (2) incipient stage, presence of disc displacement and absence of osseous change; and (3) progressed stage, both disc displacement and osseous change. In synthetic MRI, the T1, T2, and PD values of the condyle bone marrow were measured simultaneously. The median T1, T2, and PD values were analyzed according to disc displacement, osseous changes, and joint stage. Results: Significant differences were observed in the T1 and PD values of joints with disc displacement or condylar osseous change compared to normal joints. The T1 and PD values also differed between the silent and progressed stages. The PD value differed between the silent and incipient groups, while the T2 value did not differ significantly among the three groups. Conclusion: The PD and T1 values of condylar bone marrow obtained from synthetic MRI can be used as sensitive indicators of TMJ disorder progression. The PD value of the bone marrow showed potential as a useful biomarker for recognizing the initial stages of TMJ disorders. Synthetic MRI is useful for the simultaneous acquisition of effective MRI parameters for evaluating TMJ disorders.
COVID-19 – exploring the implications of long-term condition type and extent of multimorbidity on years of life lost: a modelling study
Authors: Hanlon Peter , Chadwick Fergus , Shah Anoop , Wood Rachael , Minton Jon , McCartney Gerry , Fischbacher Colin , Mair Frances S. , Husmeier Dirk , Matthiopoulos Jason , McAllister David A. 
Published: February 2021

Background: COVID-19 is responsible for increasing deaths globally. Estimates focused on numbers of deaths, do not quantify potential years of life lost (YLL) through COVID-19. As most people dying with COVID-19 are older with underlying long-term conditions (LTCs), some speculate that YLL are low. We aim to estimate YLL attributable to COVID-19, before and after adjustment for number/type of LTCs. Methods: We first estimated YLL from COVID-19 using WHO life tables, based on published age/sex data from COVID-19 deaths in Italy. We then used aggregate data on number/type of LTCs inform a Bayesian model for likely combinations of LTCs among people dying with COVID-19. From these, we used routine UK healthcare data from Scotland and Wales to estimate life expectancy based on age/sex/ combinations of LTCs using Gompertz models. We then calculated YLL based on age, sex, type of LTCs and multimorbidity count. Results: Using the standard WHO life tables, YLL per COVID-19 death was 14 for men and 12 for women. After adjustment for number and type of LTCs, the mean YLL was slightly lower, but remained high (11.6 and 9.4 years for man and women, respectively). The number and type of LTCs led to wide variability in the estimated YLL at a given age (e.g. at ≥80 years, YLL was >10 years for people with 0 LTCs, and <3 years for people with ≥6). Conclusions: Deaths from COVID-19 represent a substantial burden in terms of per-person YLL, more than a decade, even after adjusting for the typical number and type of LTCs found in people dying of COVID-19. The extent of multimorbidity heavily influences the estimated YLL at a given age. More comprehensive and standardised collection of data on LTCs is needed to better understand and quantify the global burden of COVID-19 and to guide policy-making and interventions.
Still Life with Grapes and Nest
Authors: Hiiop Hilkka , Uueni Andres , Randla Anneli , Läänelaid Alar 
Published: February 2021

A complex conservation process revealed the layer of the painting inits original subtlety and delicate retouchings recreated the integralsurface of the painting. As a result, we can confirm that it is a paintingof high artistic quality dating most probably from the middle ofthe 17th century, painted on an oak panel of German origin. Weremain doubtful about the Internet auction suggested authorship,as the painting does not reach the artistic quality of Jan DavidszDé Heem, a top rank artist from the Netherlands. It is possible tocontinue with the art-historical analysis (and other investigations)of the painting, to find further proof for the hypothetical dating andmaybe even reach an attribution but we must not forget to ask thequestions whether and to whom it would be necessary. What matters
for the owner of the painting is the fact that an artwork which decorates
the wall of his home has both aesthetic and historical value –
even without knowing its exact date or the painter.
ECHO‐CT: An Interdisciplinary Videoconference Model for Identifying Potential Postdischarge Transition‐of‐Care Events
Authors: Gonzalez Mariana R , Junge‐Maughan Lauren , Lipsitz Lewis A , Moore Amber 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUNDDischarge from the hospital to a post–acute care setting can be complex and potentially dangerous, with opportunities for errors and lapses in communication between providers. Data collected through the Extension for Community Health Outcomes–Care Transitions (ECHO‐CT) model were used to identify and classify transition‐of‐care events (TCEs).METHODSThe ECHO‐CT model employs multidisciplinary videoconferences between a hospital‐based team and providers in post–acute care settings; during these conferences, concerns regarding the patient's care transition were identified and recorded. The videoconferences took place from January 2016 to October 2018 and included patients discharged from inpatient medical and surgical services to a total of eight participating post–acute care facilities (skilled nursing facilities or long‐term acute care hospitals).RESULTSDuring the interdisciplinary videoconferences in this period, 675 patients were discussed. A total of 139 TCEs were identified; 58 (41.7%) involved discharge communication or coordination errors and 52 (37.4%) were classified as medication issues.CONCLUSIONThe TCEs identified in this study highlight areas in which providers can work to reduce issues arising during the course of discharge to post–acute care facilities. Standardized processes to identify, record, and report TCEs are necessary to provide high‐quality, safe care for patients as they move across care settings.
Gender‐Based Discrimination and Sexual Harassment Among Academic Internal Medicine Hospitalists
Authors: Bhandari Sanjay , Jha Pinky , Cooper Cynthia , Slawski Barbara 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUNDGender‐based discrimination and sexual harassment, both implicit and overt, have been reported in academic medicine. This study examines experiences of academic hospitalists regarding gender‐based discrimination and sexual harassment.METHODSA survey was distributed to Internal Medicine hospitalists at university‐based academic institutions in the United States. Questions assessed experiences regarding gender‐based discrimination and sexual harassment in their interactions with patients, as well as with other healthcare providers (HCPs).RESULTSEighteen institutions participated in the survey, resulting in 336 individual responses. Female hospitalists more frequently reported inappropriate touch, sexual remarks, gestures, and suggestive looks by patients compared with male peers both over their careers (P < .001) and in the last 30 days (P < .001). Similarly, females more frequently reported being referred to with inappropriate terms of endearment (eg, “dear,” “honey,” “sweetheart”) by patients both over their careers (P < .001) and in the last 30 days (P < .001). Almost 100% of females reported being mistaken by patients for nonphysician HCPs over their careers, compared with 29% of males (P < .001) (76% vs 10%, in the last 30 days; P < .001). Similarly, females more frequently reported sexual harassment over their careers (P < .05) and being mistaken for nonphysician HCPs by colleagues both over their careers (P < .001) and in the last 30 days (P < .001). Females rated their sense of respect both by patients (P < .001) and colleagues (P < .001) lower than males (P < .001). More females than males reported that gender negatively impacted their career opportunities (P < .001).CONCLUSIONThis survey demonstrates that gender‐based discrimination and sexual harassment are commonly encountered by academic hospitalists, with a significantly higher number of females reporting these experiences.