bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the mechanism by which the atypical antipsychotic clozapine reduces disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors:   , Zareie Pirooz 
Published: November 2021

<p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by damage to the myelin sheaths that surround nerve axons. Inflammatory damage to the myelin sheath leads to severe physical disability in patients. Whereas approved disease modifying treatments are available for relapsing-remitting forms of MS, there are no approved treatments for the progressive stages, leaving approximately 50% of MS sufferers without treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of effective alternatives. Atypical antipsychotic agents used for treating schizophrenia have recently been recognized for their immune-modifying properties and our laboratory has shown previously that treating mice with risperidone or clozapine reduces the severity of disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Although atypical antipsychotic agents like clozapine have been used in the clinic for almost 60 years, there is very little experimental data that describes the mechanism by which atypical antipsychotic agents like clozapine are able to modify the immune response. This thesis aimed to describe the immunological mechanisms by which clozapine is able to reduce EAE disease and to determine the underlying cellular signalling alterations that occur during treatment to facilitate immune modifying properties. In vitro experiments showed that clozapine can impair induction of Th1 and Th17 cells while promoting the differentiation of iTreg and increasing Foxp3 expression. However, although clozapine effectively delayed disease onset and reduced the severity of EAE, the therapeutic effect of clozapine was not associated with impaired capacity to induce antigen specific Th1 or Th17 responses in the periphery. Moreover, Treg function was dispensable for disease protection by clozapine. Instead, disease protection by clozapine was associated with a suppressed state of activation in CNS resident microglia and infiltrating monocytes assessed by flow cytometric measurement of activation associated receptor expression. In vitro experiments using primary macrophage cell culture revealed that clozapine can alter the activation of activated macrophages towards a less inflammatory state directly. Interestingly, the altered state of activation in primary macrophages was not associated with detectable changes in cell signalling pathways known to mediate activation. This thesis demonstrated that clozapine treatment protects from EAE by a multi-faceted immunological mechanism that likely involves modifying multiple pathways and cell types during EAE and may be of therapeutic benefit to MS patients in the progressive stages of disease. Finally, this thesis also has relevance to psychiatry as it demonstrates that clozapine has potential to alter cellular immune responses.</p>
Thinking Otherwise: Speculative Imagining in PfC
Authors:   , Louisson Amalia 
Published: November 2021

<p>In the face of looming ecological catastrophe, ever-expanding neoliberalism and the ongoing integration of our lives into virtual spaces, there is an urgent need to expand people’s political imagination and responsiveness to these challenges. Engaging with philosophy outside the academic sphere – for example, in school and community contexts – can contribute to addressing this political need. Using the example of Philosophy for Children (PfC), an international educational movement, this thesis explores the potential for cross-paradigmatic approaches to philosophical inquiry. It observes that adherence to particular philosophical paradigms, as has largely been the case in PfC, binds the imagination to particular epistemic and political parameters and precludes ideas that contradict paradigmatic assumptions. Invoking the sensibility of Gillian Rose, I argue that we need a philosophy that permits people to imagine radically different political worlds in a manner that actively resists political ‘bubble-think’. This thesis illustrates how Rose’s cross-paradigmatic approach, speculative negotiation, can help to address some of the limits of paradigm thinking by inspiring a more transformative philosophy in contexts such as PfC. In doing so, this thesis contributes both to an expansion of the PfC programme and to questions surrounding the concrete practise of Rose’s rich theoretical oeuvre.</p>
The Development of Mobile Learning Media for Excretion System Material for VIII Graders of SMPN 1 Taman Sidoarjo
Authors: Chrisdian Viddo , Masitoh Siti , Arianto Fajar 
Published: November 2021

The acceleration of 4.0 industrial revolution caused the development of digital era developed rapidly, therefore, learning resources can be accessed everwhere and everytime. Since the learning sources are easy to find, the teachers are required to change the learning pattern into a learning facilitator that the focus is to give the appropriate learning resources for students based on their needs. According to the results of the interviews, there is a learning problem shows that the student learning outcomes in the excretion system material for class VIII SMP in SMPN 1 Taman Sidoarjo is still low. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a mobile learning media material excretion system that is feasibly and effectively used by students of VIII graders at SMPN 1 Taman Sidoarjo. The development model used is R&D Models from Walter Dick and Lou Carey.The data collection methods used were from questionnaire and test. Based on the trial results and data analysis, there are several conclusions, the results of the feasibility test of mobile learning media from the experts of material and media obtained a very good category.The individual trial obtained an excellent category, which is 90%, the percentgage of small group trials is 90% and categorized as excellent, whereas the percentahe of the field trials is 89% and included in the excellent category. It can be concluded that the mobile learning media is suitable to use in the learning process. While the t-test with db = N - 1 = 33 - 1 = 32 and a significant level is 5%. Then the value of t table = 2.037 and tcount is 5.49. T arithmetic <t table (5.49> 2,037), therefore, the headway of media has been effective in improving student learning outcomes in class X of SMAN 1 Taman Sidoarjo on excretion system material.
The Implementation of 13 Curriculum of Physical Education, Sports and Health at the Seventh Grade Students of SMP Negeri 6 Makassar
Authors: Nurhikmah Nurhikmah , Ramli Abdul Malik , Sujarwo Sujarwo , Akhiruddin Akhiruddin , Iskandar Abd. Malik 
Published: November 2021

Curriculum is all activities that given to students under school responsibility. So that curriculum is not limited to the activities in the classroom, but also outside in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to find out the Implementation of the 2013 curriculum at the VII grade physical, sports and health education subjects of SMP Negeri Makassar. Data sources were primary and secondary data. Kind of research was descriptive qualitative research, namely it described qualitatively related to the curriculum, especially the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in physical, sports and health education subjects which started from beginning, main and closing activities have been carried out properly with reference to the scientific approach with five components that is, observing, asking, exploring and associating, but the main activities of exploring and associating were not carried out, because sports physical education and healthsubjects were more practice oriented in the field so that the two scientific stages are considered not in accordance with the characteristics of PJOK subjects that already have rules standard in doing movements. Whereas the implementation of assessors was more dominant using a skill test in performing motoric movements which was 70%, while the written assessment was only 30%.
Learning Model Jurisprudential Inquiry to Improve Critical Thinking of MTs N 1 Situbondo Students
Authors: Badriyah Lailatul , Warsono Warsono , Haidar Ali 
Published: November 2021

The Jurisprudential Inquiry learning model is a learning model in its application facilitating learners to be sensitive to social problems, take a position on the problem, and maintain that position / attitude with relevant and valid arguments so as to improve students' critical thinking skills. Critical thinking in this research refers to five indicators, namely the ability to form conclusions, formulate questions, uncover problems, formulate alternative solutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Jurisprudential Inquiry learning model on critical thinking skills of MTs N 1 Situbondo students. This study uses experimental research design with the form of Quasi-Experimental Design with the type of pretest posttest control group design. The sample in this study was class VIII G numbering 22 students and VIII H a number of 24 students with purposive sampling sampling technique. The technique of collecting data uses test questions with the description form. The data analysis technique in this study is to use the independent sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence on the use of the Jurisprudential Inquiry learning model on students' critical thinking with indicators formulating conclusions, formulating questions, expressing problems and providing alternative solutions. The results of the hypothesis test show tcount 3.362 and ttable with a significance level (5%) 0.05, degree of freedom (db) = (n-2) then obtained t(0.05) (44) table = 2.015. The results of tcount>ttable,which shows the results of 3.362> 2.015. As for the significance level of 5% (0.05) has a significance value α> 0.05, i.e. (2-tailed) 0.694> 0.05., it can be concluded that thelearning model is Jurisprudential Inquiry more influential than themodel Problem Solving on the critical thinking ability of students on the material emergence of national organizations and the growing spirit of nationalism.
The Effect Method of Playing Finger Painting on Creativity Ability And Ability To Espress Languages In Children Age 5-6 Years
Authors: Wulansari Dewi , Masitoh Siti , Bachri Bachtiar S. 
Published: November 2021

This study tries to understand the method of playing finger painting on the ability of creativity and express language of children aged 5-6 years. This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental quantitative method "Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design" in TK Kec. Sukolio Surabaya with a sample of 107 children. Research data obtained through observation, work and documentation, and then analyzed using statistics with ANOVA test with the help of SPSS 25 for Windows. The results showed the method of playing finger painting proven creativity, as evidenced from the Anova test the Fcount value of 187,516 is greater than the Ftable of 3.15. The method of playing finger painting proven against express language, as evidenced by the Anova test the Fcount value of 160,922 is greater than the Ftable of 3.15. While The method of playing finger painting influences creativity and expresses language, it is evident from the MANOVA test that the Fcount value of 165.122 is greater than the Ftable value of 3.15. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that The method of playing finger painting on creativity and express language for ages 5-6 years, and can develop children's abilities with creativity and language of children aged 5-6 years.
Exploring Inclusion in Secondary Schools: A Study on Dhaka City
Authors: Chaitee Nazmun Nahar , Mallick Biplob , Arefin Md. Shamsul , Popy Fatema Begum 
Published: November 2021

This paper presents findings of a mixed methods research which is mainly exploratory research by nature. The primary data have been collected from 180 students and 60 teachers by questionnaires, classroom observation and FGD. To analysis the data a descriptive triangulation approach is used. The Major purpose of this study is to present the practice of inclusive education on inclusive schooling in Dhaka city and other vulnerability discourses that elevated utmost challenges for survival of students with Disabilities (PWDs), disadvantage, gender discrimination during study time. The study findings explore multiple factors poses a threat to inclusion, as Bangladesh is considered one of the most growing concern countries in the world about inclusion. The study reveals that there is gender equity and empty gender discrimination in Dhaka city but still there is unpleasant proportion between student and teacher ratio. Although the lack of enough facilities, schools are welcoming different categories of students in their classroom while teachers are not always prepared to support students for ensuring quality education together with special need child. Though the different initiatives have been taken to train the teachers, which is a must for achieving goals but there is a lack of trained teachers in school to nurture the special need children whereas unified curriculum has been used with ICT teaching-learning materials. Making creative question is one of the most highly encouraging reforms in our country and whenever students take it positively but teachers either have a little idea or dislike the process. In this circumstances it is expected that the findings would influence policies for ensuring inclusive intervention of preparedness and rehabilitation.
Implementation of Mind Mapp Model Learning in Improving Reading Ability to Read the Qur'an in STMIK Eresha Students South Tangerang City
Authors: Yunus Yunus , Mukhtar Jazuli 
Published: November 2021

Acquired Data source of that student covers, formative student essay in work problem that is given at the early cycle. Observation sheet result to measure the result step-up studies student with implemented a model of Information proceedings. The study is executed with Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research is executed at STMIK Eresha with the subject of research student total of 53 students. The implementation of the Mind Mapping learning model in the Islamic Religious Education subject is quite good. The results showed that at the first meeting the highest percentage of students who answered could reach 96%. Whereas in the second test, it was 97% at the 13-15 meeting. Based on the data, the 13-15 meeting material discussed was the animal excretion system, students felt more difficult with the material than the previous material. The data from the questionnaire results of student responses to the implementation of learning using a learning mind map today can motivate students to learn read the Qur'an. The highest percentage of students who answer can be achieved, reaching 83% at the 7-9th meeting. Most of the students were actively involved in making Mind Mapping. Collaboration is also carried out to make the best Mind Mapping. Student response to the Mind Mapping learning model is also very high. Most of the students felt interested and challenged to make Mind Mapping, although there were a few students who were less happy about the Mind Mapping learning model.
The Effect of Power and Motivation in Teacher Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at Madrasah Aliyah in Central Lombok District
Authors: Ridlo M. Rasyid , Widodo Suparno Eko , Elianasari Elianasari 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research is to obtain information about the effect of power and trust on teachers organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This research used survey method with path analysis. Sample in this research was used multi stage simple random sampling The conclusions of this research are: (1) There is a positive direct effect of power on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). (2) There is a direct positive effect of Motivation on teacher organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). (3) There is a positive direct effect of power on motivation.
Analysis of Embryology and Reproductive Textbook Needs of Integrated Animal Research Results of Development of Mice Embryos by Providing DEET (Diethyltoluamide)
Authors: Sulikan Sulikan , Kusmawati Wiwik , Anugraini Asri Putri , Hindun Nurmala , Irwansyah Irwansyah 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs of the Embryology and Animal Reproduction textbook integrated with the results of research on developing mouse embryos with the support of DEET (Diethyltoluamide). This research is research Descriptive quantitative with a gradual revision defines the Thiagarajan development model. Data collection techniques are done by distributing questionnaires, observations, and interview. The results showed 80% of abstract animal embryology and reproduction materials, 80% of teaching materials were less attractive, 85% were difficult to understand, 80% of images were minimal and 85% were teratologies in developing difficult animals. Analysis of the need for textbooks shows that there is no embryology and animal reproduction textbook as a result of research on developing mouse embryos with the help of DEET (Diethyltoluamide).
The Analysis of English Department Students’ Difficulties in Mastering Reading Text at Muhammadiyah Aceh University
Authors: Safura Siti , Helmanda Cut Mawar 
Published: November 2021

Reading is not just as a simply reading but it requires a good understanding to get the meaning of the written text. Some students yet face difficulty in receiving the meaning of the text. So, the aim of this study is to analyze the difficulties faced by the English Department students in mastering reading text, especially about finding and understanding the main idea. It also studies how the students deal with their difficulties in Intensive Reading Comprehension class. To reach the goal, 10 students were taken randomly as the participants. Question sheets were distributed to the participants and also supported with interview. They helped the writer in collecting the data about the students’ difficulties. From the gaining data, it is found that most students had problem in mastering reading text especially in understanding main idea that caused by lacking of vocabulary mastery. To deal with this problem, the students tried some ways by practicing reading aloud, having group learning, and asking the lecturer to use the appropriate technique in teaching learning reading comprehension.
Understanding The Mathematical Consept Through The Development Of Student Worksheet (LKS) Model Of Discovery Guided For High School Students
Authors: Chanafi Chanafi , Fatirul Achmad Noor , Hartono Hartono 
Published: November 2021

The implementation of the 2013 curriculum in Indonesia’s education still faces many obstlacles. One of them is the lack of appropriate teaching materials, it causes difficulties for both students and teachers during teaching and learning process. This development aims to produce a student worksheet with used guided discovery learning model for student grade X, analysing the appropriateness of the worksheet, and analysing students responses on the developed worksheet. The type of this study is Research and Development. Development model used in this study is the one according to Branch that is ADDIE which consists of analyse, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed a content worthiness score of 87.21% with very decent criteria, presentation worthiness of 89.09% with very decent criteria, linguistic worthiness of 83.64% with very decent criteria and graphics worthiness of 89.67% with very decent criteria. The average of the four components of the study and validation was 87.37% with very decent criteria. While the average score of the percentage of student responses was 83.13% with very good criteria. So it can be concluded that the Student Worksheet (LKS) developed was stated to be very suitable for use in the learning process and obtain positive responses from students
Students’ Language Attitude During Distance Learning at SMP Angkasa Kuta - Bali
Authors: Putri I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya 
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the student’s attitude during distance learning at SMP Angkasa Kuta - Bali. The impact of the corona virus outbreak (Covid-19) has also been felt by the education sector. Studying at home is a good way to break the spread of the corona virus. Distance learning is carried out with the supervision of a teacher and parents. This is what distinguishes distance learning from independent learning. In distance learning activity, one of the way to communicate each other is by sending text message. Most of the students are not accustomed to use written language well in formal communication. This activities requires them to text the message word by word to their teachers. Studying attitude in language helps all stakeholders in various ways. This can investigate effective student attitudes with the teacher using good language. In addition students can be confident, learn politeness in language with different learning styles. Students have their own language attitude in communication. In addition, they also have diverse views about the learning process. The data sources chosen in this study were the students of SMP Angkasa, Kuta-Bali. The analysis is done by descriptively method. To make the analysis clearer, all of data were completed with explanation and supported by the cart to show percentage of the data. The theory from Richard, Platt, & Platt (1992) about Language Attitude used to analyze the various kinds of language attitudes. This study used questioner to get some reason of the language used by the students as well. This study found that there are two classifications of language attitudes used by students in communication using written language. Both Language Attitudes of students in terms of their Behavioral and Language attitude in term of their emotional are found. Based on this classification, student prefer use negative language attitude in their respond to the teacher. The reason why some students prefer use negative language attitude in their respond to the teacher have been found by the result of questioner.
Contribution of Planning And Media Toward Management of Learning Quality that is Implemented Teacher Junior High School Sub District Koto Tangah Padang
Authors: Soimah Soimah , Marsidin Sufyarma , Jamna Jamaris 
Published: November 2021

The background of the problem in this study is that there are still some teachers who teach without making a good teaching plan, are less skilled in using teaching media, are less able to activate students and less able to make assessment analyzes. The purpose of this study 1) the contribution of planning to the management of the quality of learning of state junior high school teachers Koto Tangah Padang, 2) Learning Media's contribution to the management of the quality of learning carried out by state junior high school teachers Koto Tangah Padang, 3) contribution of Planning and instructional media to the management of the quality of learning undertaken by state junior high school teachers Koto Tangah Padang. This type of research uses a quantitative correlational method. The population in this study were 310 junior high school civil servant teachers in Koto Tangah District. The sample uses stratified proportional random sampling technique, so that the sample in this study amounted to 67 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data analysis techniques in this research are data description, test requirements and hypothesis testing. The results of this study 1) Learning planning contributes to the management of the quality of learning carried out by teachers of the State Junior High School in Koto Tangah District of Padang with a contribution amount of 23.3% by 24.4%, 3) Planning and media together contribute to the management of learning quality by 36.5%. This explains that to improve the management of good and ideal quality of learning should be done through improved learning planning and learning media.