bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Römische Keramik von der Flur «Im Hinterengeli», Riehen BS
Authors: Wild Werner 
Published: August 2021

Das seit 1985 Flur «lm Hinterengeli» geborgene Fundmaterial besteht vor allem aus Keramik, wenigen Fragmenten von Gläsern, einer Münze und zahlreichen Ziegeln.
Die auf typologischem Weg gewonnene Datierung ergab für das Gebäude auf der Flur «Im Hinterengeli» in Riehen eine Besiedlung von der zweiten Hälfte des ersten Jahrhunderts n. Chr. bis ins erste Viertel des dritten Jahrhunderts n. Chr.
Nebst verkohlten Ziegelfragmenten weisen verbrannte Terra-Sigillate-Scherben auf eine Brandkatastrophe hin, mit der vielleicht auch das Besiedlungsende zusammenfällt.
Pain assessment and registration in medical oncology clinics: operationalised through the lens of health care professionals and patients
Authors: O'Connor Laserina , Hassett Aileen , Sheridan Noeleen 
Published: August 2021

Background: Pain is a common symptom in patients who survive cancer and in those who live with progressive advanced disease. Systematic screening and documentation of pain are necessary to improve the quality of cancer pain treatment, because a key pain-related barrier is that patients are reluctant to discuss pain, due to fear that reporting pain will distract the healthcare professional from their cancer treatment. Methods: This study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Data collection incorporated three strands. The first strand involved a quantitative enquiry in which medical chart reviews of patients (n=100) attending the medical oncology outpatient clinic were examined. The second qualitative strand comprised of semi-structured interviews with patients (n=10) attending that service. The third strand was qualitative and consisted of focus group discussions with healthcare professionals (n=12). Results: All 100 patients had cancer. The quantitative findings confirmed the suboptimum assessment and subsequent recording of patient’s pain, that seemed to afford a reality check for all healthcare professionals. For patients, the outcomes of the anti-cancer treatment were their priority, and pain was perceived as inevitable, being associated with a cancer diagnosis. There were multifaceted complexities voiced amongst healthcare professionals associated with balancing the benefits and harms aligned with treating cancer pain. Conclusions: Pain assessment in medical records was not systematically recorded by healthcare professionals. Patients were reluctant to self-report pain during their medical oncology outpatient review. The expectation that patients will self-report pain can be accommodated by healthcare professionals if a personalized pain goal is part of the cancer pain management plan during each clinical encounter. Healthcare professionals reported a need to take distinct responsibility for supplementing their dearth of knowledge, skills and beliefs regarding assessing and managing patients’ cancer pain. Optimal pain management stems from an interprofessional approach that was applied in this study design.
Manufacturing Wood–Plastic Composites from Waste Lignocellulose Plus Haloxylon Species and Recycled Plastics
Authors: Moghadam Sedigheh Kamali , Shamsian Mohammad , Shahri Hosein Rezayi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to show useful utilization of agricultural residues such as cotton stalks and branches of pistachio, pomegranate, and Haloxylon species with recycled plastic in manufacturing wood–plastic composite (WPC) panels. Wood–plastic panels were made from a combination of agricultural residues (as natural fiber) and recycled plastic (as resin) at 50 percent, and 60 percent by weight fiber loading. Density and dimensions of the panels were 0.61 g/cm3 and 350 by 350 by 14 mm, respectively. Physical and mechanical properties of the panels including thickness swelling, water absorption, static bending (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity ), and internal bond were investigated. Physical and mechanical properties of the WPC panels decreased with an increase in fiber content from 50 percent to 60 percent. Physical and mechanical properties of samples made with 50 percent plastic were higher than samples with 40 percent plastic. The best values of physical and mechanical properties of the WPC panels were found at 10 percent and 5 percent Haloxylon particle loading, respectively. The highest values of mechanical properties of WPC panels were found at 50 percent plastic and 5 percent Haloxylon particle loading.
The Impact of Dovetail Angle in Single Dovetail Joints on Diagonal Compression Strength of Corner Joints for Box-Type Furniture
Authors: Çinar Hamza , Atar Musa , Üstündag Avni 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the impacts of dovetail angle for dovetail joints on the diagonal compression strength of box-type furniture corner joints prepared in different woods, with different dovetail angles, and with different adhesives. For this reason, after drilling joints of 75°, 78°, 81°, 84°, and 87° on Oriental beech, European oak, Scotch pine, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) samples, a diagonal compression test was applied on corners glued with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (Desmodur-vinyl trieketonol acetate [D-VTKA]) according to the ASTM D1037 standard. The highest result for dovetail diagonal compression strength was observed in the samples of Oriental beech (0.321 N mm−2), while the lowest was found in the samples of MDF (0.154 N mm−2) for wood types. With respect to adhesives, D-VTKA yielded the best results (0.268 N mm−2), while PVAc gave the worst results (0.252 N mm−2). Regarding angle types, the best result was obtained from the samples at 84° (0.302 N mm−2) and the worst from the samples at 75° (0.207 N mm−2) for dovetail joints. For the interaction of wood type, adhesive, and dovetail angle, the highest diagonal compression strength was found in the samples of Oriental beech + 81° + D-VTKA (0.445 N mm−2), while the lowest value was observed in MDF + 78° + D-VTKA (0.128 N mm−2). In conclusion, the angles and adhesives have significant effects on the corner joints of box-type furniture.
Evolution of Acoustical, Geometrical, Physical, and Mechanical Parameters from Seedling to Cutting Age in Eucalyptus Clones Used in the Pulp and Paper Industries in Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel , Lorensani Rafael Gustavo Mansini , Ruy Monica , Veiga Nadia Schiavon , Müller Gabriela , da Silva Alves Cilene , Martins Guilherme Alonso 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Wood-processing industries must be able to estimate the properties of wood to properly manage the wood production chain. For this estimation, changes in certain characteristics over time must be identified so that they can be used to rapidly differentiate a clone or species. Of interest are acoustical, geometrical, physical, and mechanical properties, all measurable in seedlings. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze the evolution of the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity, diameter, height, basic density, strength, and stiffness starting in nursery seedlings at 3 months of age to trees at 6 years of age, which is the cutting age used by the pulp and paper industry in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 121 seedlings and 270 trees of three Eucalyptus clones. Within the age range analyzed, the results indicated that all parameters have the potential to be used in a predictive model to estimate the future quality of clones, although the predictive value of these parameters varies. The ultrasonic wave propagation velocity was the only property that maintained the coherent differences among clones from the seedling to the cutting age (6 yr old). The strength, stiffness, diameter, and height maintained coherence from 12 months to the cutting age, whereas the basic density was maintained from the age of 24 months to the cutting age. We hope that these results will contribute to improving the methods to select clones.
Effect of Blue Stain on Bond Shear Resistance of Polyurethane Resins Used for Cross-Laminated Timber
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Larkin Blake , Muszynski Lech , Morrell Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effect of blue stain on shear strength of cold-set polyurethane resin (PUR) bonds was investigated using lodgepole pine lumber with varying degrees of stain and two different wood grain orientations. While blue stain was associated with definite differences in wood permeability, it had no negative effect on shear strength or wood failure percent. The results indicate that blue stain will not adversely affect bond strength of PUR bonds.
Hardwood Log Grading in the United States—Part II: United States Forest Service Log Grades and the Hardwood Industry
Authors: Hassler Curt C. , Osborn Lawrence E. , Grushecky Shawn T. , McNeel Joseph F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The major effort to develop hardwood log grades was undertaken by the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDAFS) during the 1940s through the 1960s. While the USDAFS officially adopted the grading system for their own use in 1952, it has never taken hold in the hardwood lumber industry. This article discusses the variety of reasons that have most likely contributed to this failure of adoption of the USDAFS system by the industry, ranging from ease of use, to individual log grades covering wide ranges of log characteristics/quality, and to overlapping grades for a given set of log attributes, among others. Finally, the authors suggest developing a hardwood log grading system that embraces the de facto industry system of scaling diameter and clear faces.
Hardwood Log Grading in the United States—Part 1: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Hassler Curt C. , Grushecky Shawn T. , Osborn Lawrence E. , McNeel Joseph F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The ability to efficiently and consistently characterize the quality of hardwood sawlogs is an indispensable part of operating a hardwood sawmill. And it is equally important for buyers and sellers of hardwood logs to negotiate prices on a uniform basis of both scale and grade. While scaling of logs is relatively straightforward, assuming buyer and seller agree on a specific log rule to use (e.g., Doyle, Scriber, International), grading logs for the purposes of evaluating quality is more complex.
Hardwood log grading is an essential component of any hardwood sawmill's operation and effectively sets the stage for profit or loss. Various efforts have been made to develop a standardized log grading system by both the forest products industry and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDAFS) since the beginning of the 20th century. However, even after over a century of effort, there is still no broadly accepted standard for grading hardwood logs.
The purpose of this article is to document the historical evolution of hardwood log grading systems. Understanding the development of hardwood log grading systems over time can help to produce a better log grading standard in the future.
Effect of a Polymer Additive on Properties of Creosote-Treated Wood
Authors: Trebelhorn Daniel B. , Miyamoto Byrne , Morrell Jeffrey J. , Ellis Jeffrey , McKinney Stacey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The potential for using a low molecular weight polyethylene (PE) polymer to improve the properties of creosote-treated wood was evaluated on samples of six different wood species. Samples were impregnated with creosote alone or amended with the PE additive and then tested to failure in third-point loading to determine modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture. Samples were then subjected to three soak–dry cycles to assess the impact of moisture uptake on fastener performance or water repellency. The presence of the PE was associated with lower preservative retentions, but had no significant effect on modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, water repellency, or fastener withdrawal resistance. The results suggest that the additive limited preservative uptake, but did not improve any of the wood properties evaluated.
Do China's Plywood Exports Depend on Trade Partners? Evidence from the Gravity Model
Authors: Feng Xue , Zobel John M. , Wu Guochun , Hodges Donald G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A gravity model was formulated to identify the factors related to China's plywood exports and examine whether the impact of factors depended on trade partners using panel data from 2005 to 2015. The data set was divided into three groups based on the income of trade partners. The findings reveal that the factors performed differently in the three groups. For the high income group, gross domestic product (GDP), per capita gross national income (GNI), the ratio of per capita forest area, and Open were related to China's plywood exports. GDP, the ratio of per capita forest area, exchange rate, and Open were correlated to China's plywood export for the middle income group. In the low income group, per capita GNI, the ratio of per capita forest area, Open and Free Trade Agreements were significantly related to China's plywood exports.
Mechanical Behavior of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels Made of Low-Added-Value Timber
Authors: Alencar Juliana Bello Mussi , de Melo Moura Jorge Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction system has recently emerged as an excellent alternative for civil construction. The objective of this work is to analyze the structural performance of CLT panels using plantation lumber, especially eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) heartwood and pine (Pinus taeda). After visual grading, all boards were mechanically graded through the ultrasonic nondestructive testing method. Boards were organized to compose four types of three-layered CLT panels: 1) exclusively eucalyptus heartwood (EEE), 2) eucalyptus in the outer layers and pine in the central layer (EPE), 3) exclusively pine (PPP), and 4) pine in the outer layers and eucalyptus in the central layer (PEP). Three panels with graded timber were manufactured for each type, and one more panel was made out of ungraded timber, so each group had four panels altogether. Panels containing eucalyptus in the outer layers (EEE and EPE) were stiffer than the ones with pine in outer layers (PPP and PEP). However, the first two groups presented lower bending strength than the second ones. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture results were compared to values observed in the literature and to the international standard that regulates CLT (American National Standards Institute/American Plywood Association PRG 320). From the four types studied, only panels containing mostly eucalyptus (EEE and EPE) could meet the PRG 320 E2 class. Panels containing mostly pine (PPP and PEP) did not reach the thresholds of any class in terms of stiffness although their resistance was much higher than that specified in the standard.
Research on Consumers' Attitudes in China about Using Online-to-Offline Mode for Purchasing Wooden Furniture
Authors: Lin Meng , Wang Zhaojun , Zhang Zongli , Cao Yukun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The online-to-offline (O2O) business mode, designed to attract online shoppers to participate in in-person retail consumption, is rapidly emerging in popularity in China, and having a significant impact on traditional manufacturing. Taking the wooden furniture industry as a case study, this research surveyed consumers' attitudes toward using the O2O mode for wooden furniture shopping. Respondents were asked to rate their online and in-store experiences and attitudes about wooden furniture shopping via the O2O mode. On the basis of data processing of questionnaires, this study established hypotheses and conducted hypothesis testing by one-way analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results of this research indicated that Chinese consumers' attitudes about using the O2O mode for wooden furniture shopping were significantly affected by the region/city tiers in which the respondents resided. Consumers' attitudes in all regions were affected by subjective perceptions, the reputation and security of the Internet platform, and the quality of enterprise services. Specifically, those who live in tier 1 cities (most economically developed cities, e.g., Beijing, Tianjin) are more concerned about their shopping environment, whereas those who live in tier 3 cities (less economically developed cities) are more concerned about the Internet platform's service and promotions. Tier 2 cities (large cities that may be provincial capitals) are more concerned about convenience of online shopping and environment of the offline store. The results of this study could help enable business managers to develop appropriate marketing strategies for O2O wooden furniture shopping and provide reference for the transformation of business mode of wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises.
Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana
Authors: Adongo William Agia , Osei Collins Kwabena , Wongnaa Camillus Abawiera 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.
Cost Savings from Soy Flour Substitution in Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate for Bonding Flakes and Particle
Authors: Cheng Qingzheng , Essien Charles , Via Brian , Banerjee Sujit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) adhesive used in the manufacture of oriented strand board and particleboard can be partially substituted with soy flour for significant cost savings. The flour is about one-third of the cost of pMDI. Properties such as internal bond, wet modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and thickness swelling are unaffected by soy flour substitution of up to 20 percent. Adding soy flour to the regular dose of pMDI can improve board properties and reduce delamination.
Forecasting Supply and Demand of the Wooden Furniture Industry in China
Authors: Lin Meng , Zhang Zongli , Cao Yukun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
China is the world's largest furniture producer and exporter, but its furniture industry has always been at the bottom of the global value chain. Wooden furniture is the most important component of China's furniture industry. Its capacity and scale have been expanding; however, the industry's income and profit growth rate have declined. China's wooden furniture industry is in a period of transition, and industry regulators, participants, and even investors need to understand the future development trends of the industry. This study collected time series data for annual sales as well as the value of output, exports, and imports of the wooden furniture industry in China and used the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict future market supply and demand. The study found that each figure will continue to grow over the next 5 years. However, the industry as a whole will face the challenge of oversupply. In addition, the domestic market share on behalf of industrial competitiveness will decline year by year. Through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the changing trend of China's wooden furniture production and its domestic and foreign markets, this study is the first to predict the supply and demand of research, filling the gap in the research field of wooden furniture, and its research ideas have some innovation. It can provide a reference for industry regulators, enterprise decision makers, and domestic and foreign investors.
Effects of Eco-Label Knowledge on Chinese Consumer Preferences for Certified Wood Flooring: A Case Study in Chongqing City
Authors: Tan Qin , Imamura Kohei , Nagasaka Kenji , Inoue Masafumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Expanding the use of eco-labeled wood flooring in China is an important step in achieving the country's sustainable development goals. For a deep understanding of the relationship between the knowledge of the eco-label and consumer preferences for certified wood flooring in China, this study assessed consumers' purchase intention (PI) and price premium (PP) for Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)- and China Environmental Labeling (CEL)-labeled wood flooring versus nonlabeled wood flooring. A total of 367 face-to-face interviews were conducted at building material markets in Chongqing City with visitors planning to purchase wood flooring in March 2018. The results showed, first, that 21 percent of respondents knew the FSC label, and 65 percent of respondents intended to buy FSC-labeled wood flooring with a PP of 41 CNY/m2. Second, 46 percent of respondents knew the CEL label, and 81 percent of respondents intended to buy CEL-labeled wood flooring with a PP of 48 CNY/m2. Third, the knowledge of the FSC label positively affected consumers' PI and PP, but the knowledge of the CEL label only influenced PI for certified wood flooring. This study showed that the eco-label knowledge played a main role in consumer preferences for certified wood products and suggested that different strategies should be considered in promoting FSC- and CEL-labeled wood products in the Chongqing market.
Current Practices in Log Yard Design and Operations in the Province of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Trzcianowska Marta , Beaudoin Daniel , LeBel Luc 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Log yards play an important role in the forest supply chain by connecting raw material supply to manufacturing processes. Log yard design and operations have not been thoroughly represented in the scientific literature, though research in other industrial sectors has demonstrated the strategic operational importance of warehouses. This article investigates the log yard design and operations in current industrial practices.
An analysis of existing log yards was conducted in Quebec. Detailed information about throughput, equipment, personnel, inventory management, and design considerations was gathered by means of questionnaires, on-site visits, and meetings with yard managers.
The survey of current practices (design, management, and operations) confirms that most existing yards have been designed without a systematic method. Crucial performance inhibitors included log yard shape, in-flow management, and poor surface material. Results point toward a potential gain in competitiveness by improving log yard practices, optimizing log yard shape and layout, better coordinating the forest–mill operations, and enhancing surface material.