bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-color coherent control in photoemission from gold needle tips
Authors: Dienstbier Philip , Paschen Timo , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate coherent control of photoemission from a gold needle tip using a two-color laser field. The relative phase between a fundamental field and its second harmonic imprints a strong modulation on the emitted photocurrent with up to 96.5% visibility. The visibility as a function of the second harmonic intensity can be described by three interfering quantum pathways. Increasing the bias voltage applied to the tip reduces the maximum achievable visibility and modifies the weights of the involved pathways. Simulations based on the time-dependent Schrödinger equation reproduce the characteristic cooperative signal and its dependence on the second harmonic intensity, which further confirms the involvement of three emission pathways.
Iterative reconstruction for low-dose cerebral perfusion computed tomography using prior image induced diffusion tensor
Authors: Niu Shanzhou , Liu Hong , Zhang Mengzhen , Wang Min , Wang Jing , Ma Jianhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cerebral perfusion computed tomography (CPCT) can depict the functional status of cerebral circulation at the tissue level; hence, it has been increasingly used to diagnose patients with cerebrovascular disease. However, there is a significant concern that CPCT scanning protocol could expose patients to excessive radiation doses. Although reducing the x-ray tube current when acquiring CPCT projection data is an effective method for reducing radiation dose, this technique usually results in degraded image quality. To enhance the image quality of low-dose CPCT, we present a prior image induced diffusion tensor (PIDT) for statistical iterative reconstruction, based on the penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) criterion, which we referred to as PWLS-PIDT, for simplicity. Specifically, PIDT utilizes the geometric features of pre-contrast scanned high-quality CT image as a structure prior for PWLS reconstruction; therefore, the low-dose CPCT images are enhanced while preserving important features in the target image. An effective alternating minimization algorithm is developed to solve the associated objective function in the PWLS-PIDT reconstruction. We conduct qualitative and quantitative studies to evaluate the PWLS-PIDT reconstruction with a digital brain perfusion phantom and patient data. With this method, the noise in the reconstructed CPCT images is more substantially reduced than that of other competing methods, without sacrificing structural details significantly. Furthermore, the CPCT sequential images reconstructed via the PWLS-PIDT method can derive more accurate hemodynamic parameter maps than those of other competing methods.
Suppression of the radiation squeezing in interacting quantum Hall edge channels
Authors: Rebora G , Ferraro D , Sassetti M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the quantum fluctuations of the two quadratures of the emitted electromagnetic radiation generated by a quantum Hall device in a quantum point contact geometry. In particular, we focus our attention on the role played by the unavoidable electron–electron interactions between the two edge channels at filling factor two. We investigate quantum features of the emitted microwave radiation, such as squeezing, by studying the current fluctuations at finite frequency, accessible through a two-filters set-up placed just after the quantum point contact. We compare two different drives, respectively a cosine and a train of Lorentzian pulses, used for the injection of the excitations into the system. In both cases quantum features are reduced due to the interactions, however the Lorentzian drive is still characterized by a robust squeezing effect which can have important application on quantum information.
Exact calculations of network coherence in weighted ring-trees networks and recursive trees
Authors: Jing Ting , Yang Lei , Sun Weigang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study noisy consensus dynamics in two families of weighted ring-trees networks and recursive trees with a controlled initial state. Based on the topological structures, we obtain exact expressions for the first- and second-order network coherence as a function of the involved parameters and provide the scalings of network coherence regarding network size. We then show that the weights dominate the consensus behaviors and the scalings. Finally, we make a comparison of the network coherence between the ring-trees networks and the recursive trees with the same number of nodes and show that the consensus of ring-trees networks is better than the trees since the initial state in the ring-trees networks is a ring.
A minimal power-spectrum-based moment expansion for CMB B-mode searches
Authors: Azzoni S. , Abitbol M.H. , Alonso D. , Gough A. , Katayama N. , Matsumura T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The characterization and modeling of polarized foregrounds has become a critical issue in the quest for primordial B-modes. A typical method to proceed is to factorize and parametrize the spectral properties of foregrounds and their scale dependence (i.e. assuming that foreground spectra are well described everywhere by their sky average). Since in reality foreground properties vary across the Galaxy, this assumption leads to inaccuracies in the model that manifest themselves as biases in the final cosmological parameters (in this case the tensor-to-scalar ratio r). This is particularly relevant for surveys over large fractions of the sky, such as the Simons Observatory (SO), where the spectra should be modeled over a distribution of parameter values. Here we propose a method based on the existing “moment expansion” approach to address this issue in a power-spectrum-based analysis that is directly applicable in ground-based multi-frequency data. Additionally, the method uses only a small set of parameters with simple physical interpretation, minimizing the impact of foreground uncertainties on the final B-mode constraints. We validate the method using SO-like simulated observations, recovering an unbiased estimate of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r with standard deviation σ(r) ≃ 0.003, compatible with official forecasts. When applying the method to the public BICEP2/Keck data, we find an upper bound r < 0.06 (95% C.L.), compatible with the result found by BICEP2/Keck when parametrizing spectral index variations through a scale-independent frequency decorrelation parameter. We also discuss the formal similarities between the power spectrum-based moment expansion and methods used in the analysis of CMB lensing.
Customization of open-source solutions on the example of the LMS Moodle distance learning platform
Authors: Ukhov P A , Borshchenko D A , Kabanov D D , Bergen M E , Ryapukhin A V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Open-source software has been a vast topic of thought and discussion since its inception. Many companies and developers did not understand for what purpose open-source software was developed, and some even opposed the existence of such solutions. Others, on the contrary, supported and still support the creation and distribution of this kind of programs, despite their unprofitableness. One of these programs is Moodle. It is a free web application that provides the ability to create websites for online learning, created in the early 2000s. Anyone can easily create or modify their own learning platform for free and without problems with copyright and licenses. The platform supports a huge number of languages, is constantly updated, and is also easy and convenient to customize. The user can add and customize his plugins and addons. The system has found wide application in connection with the emergence of COVID-19, since most schools and universities have switched to distance learning. Moodle functionality allows you to collect more than 50 users in one session without losing productivity. The platform has a built-in mechanism for authorizing users, including a login and password, which will not allow intruders to carry out unauthorized access to personal data of users. Teachers can leave the necessary files and recordings of classes on the platform for learners to access them. This article discusses the goals and issues of creating open-source software, its customization and application for solving problems of various kinds of activities, including the organization of multi-user educational platforms using the Moodle platform.
Application of discrete mathematics, tetralogic and architecture of superscalar systems in measurement metrology of automated control systems
Authors: Fakhertdinova D I , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Knishov A V , Yu Speranskiy M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the consideration of the role and significance of the quaternary logic in automated control systems. The methodology of reduction and application of the principle of ergodicity in measurement metrology in automated process control systems is presented. The optimization role of the tools used in solving of hybrid technological and telemetry problems is emphasized.
Using a problem-based approach to improve the professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties
Authors: Huzii Nataliia , Yekimov Sergey , Kushniruk Svitlana , Yashanov Sergii , Kholodenko Olena , Zvarych Hanna , Vasylyshyn Vitalii 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of a problem-based approach in the preparation of students of physical and mathematical specialties allows them to acquire new skills, abilities and knowledge in the process of learning by solving various professional problems. This requires the use of various available information resources.
Problem-oriented training provides an opportunity to acquire the skills of information retrieval and creative problem solving. During problem-oriented training, students have the opportunity to acquire the skills of teamwork and search for non-standard ways to solve problematic issues. Professional readiness is an integral indicator of the quality of training of a specialist and the level of skill in accordance with the requirements that his professional activity puts forward. Problem-oriented learning encourages students to search for the required information from various sources. In addition, the information sought can be interdisciplinary. Problem-oriented training contributes to the improvement of professional readiness of students of physical and mathematical specialties.
Digital heuristic paradigm of research and development work in the conditions of university
Authors: Kosnikova O V , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Yudanov P M , Ozhiganov V E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the model of a digital university. The author’s paradigm of research and design work, based on the student social network model, is researched, the scientometric and heuristic aspects of the proposed system functioning are determined. The role and general significance of the proposed methodology is indicated. A schematic diagram of the reduction to the proposed digital paradigm is given. The application of the model and its transparency are substantiated.
Evaluating the automated organizational decision support effectiveness
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the automating the management process practice, there is currently a challenges number identified by the toolkit ability to evaluate the management automation tools implementation expected effectiveness, including industrial process management. In practice, an automation assessment tools wide range are used, but none of the tools used provides an automated management system quality comprehensive evaluation as a whole and its components separately. This situation makes it difficult to develop and implement automated production management tools. The article suggests applying a methodology that uses the automatic control theory mathematical apparatus to evaluate control automation effectiveness. An example of how to evaluate a typically automated control system effectiveness is given. This example analysis shows the proposed approach’ practical applicability. The proposed mathematical apparatus practical application will ensure an express assessment when comparing the various options for providing control automation, which is especially important at the pre-project research and project stages.
Peculiarities in teaching engineers of a technological university English for professional purposes
Authors: Osliakova I V , Kudinova T V , Rybakova E E , Kappusheva I S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Some issues of a foreign language teaching to physicist students of an engineering university are considered. The value of foreign languages (FL) teaching in the development of an engineer as a specialist is outlined, differences in the existing concepts of teaching foreign languages are formulated. The features and areas of technical FL application are identified using the example of the English language. The features and difficulties of engineers foreign languages training are identified, and ways of solving existing problems are outlined. The most promising and effective methods of preparation of physicist students are determined. The need of qualitative changes in foreign languages teaching of physicist students is substantiated, in order to improve the level of their foreign language proficiency and the possibility of its practical use in future professional activities.
Development of the intellectual complex for parallel work of steam boilers
Authors: Muravyova E A , Gabitov R F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High rates of industrial and social progress require a sharp increase in heat generation on the basis of the powerful development of fuel and energy. Design of parallel operation of several boilers today is an important and necessary part of effective work in the workplace. Parallel connection of the boiler is made to: increase the maximum output and its subsequent progression, improve resiliency boilers, economical power consumption due to less loss of efficiency when operating at partial power, raising the living resource boilers, thrifty power consumption due to less loss of efficiency when operating at partial power, raising the living resource boilers, prevent local overheating and coking of tubes in the separation of heavy residues. Despite the significant advantages of using a parallel connection of the boiler there are problems such as a complex piping boiler, consumption of materials to connect the boiler, the increase in unforeseen expenditure. In the operation of the boiler unit therein may be damaged (piping, boiler elements accident water economizers) become unstable (water omission due to poor ventilation compartment exhaust emissions occur explosions and pops) that create dangerous situations fraught failure of the equipment or boiler unit as a whole, with the destruction of large material losses and loss of human life. A neural network is a system of contact between a simple processor whose operation is processing of received signals and send them to other CPUs. This processor is called a neuron. Artificial neural networks are selected for the development of process control systems due to the fact that they are fault tolerant. In a neural network information is distributed throughout the network, which means in case of failure of the neuron network behavior will be changed slightly, changing the behavior of neurons, but the network itself continues to operate successfully. Neural networks are not programmed in the usual sense of the word, they are trained. The possibility of training - one of the major advantages of neural networks over conventional algorithms. Technical training is to find the coefficients of the connections between neurons. During training, the neural network is able to identify the complex relationships between input and output data, and perform synthesis. This means that in case of successful learning network will be able to return the correct result on the basis of data that were not available in the training set.
About the development of a method for remote determination of the underground pipeline insulation coating condition
Authors: Nikulin S A , Karnavsky E L , Lartsov S V , Repin D G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Corrosion protection of underground steel pipelines is carried out by means of electrochemical protection and insulation coatings. During the operation of pipelines, under the effect of various external factors, the insulation properties of coatings decrease over time, which leads to an increase in the operating modes of electrochemical protection means. Operating organizations need to monitor the condition of the coating of underground pipelines, to predict the protection against corrosion and to plan repair work. Using the remote corrosion monitoring systems made it possible to obtain a mathematical model of the electrochemical protection system against corrosion of the object, which allowed to determine the true impact of cathodic current sources on the protective potential control points, excluding the impact of related and external power sources. Knowing the effect of the source on the protective potentials on the section, accordingly, it can accordingly be assumed that it is possible to identify patterns between the amount of change in this affect and the condition of the insulation coating on the section. A method for determining the integral condition the insulation coating is proposed, with the possibility of remote implementation on the basis of remote corrosion monitoring equipment, for which the pipeline model was tested in the laboratory. Testing of the developed method on a real gas main transport facility showed its practical applicability, as well as sufficient accuracy for engineering tasks, in determining the indicators of the insulation coating condition.
Analysis of InGaP(001) surface by the low energy ion scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Kutliev U O , Karimov M K , Kuryozov F O , Otabaeva K U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ion scattering spectroscopy, which is a variation of low energy ion scattering (LEIS) that employs glancing scattering angles, is performed on InGaP(001) surfaces. LEIS energy distribution are simulated by computer simulation along the <110> and <ī10> direction, and the match of the positions of the flux peaks shows that the top three atomic layers are bulk-terminated. A newly observed feature are identified as a minimum in the multiple scattering when the ion beam incidence is along a low index direction. Calculated trajectories of scattered ions. This new method for analysis of large-angle LEIS data was shown to be useful for accurately investigating complex surface structures.
Ontological models of cyber physical systems
Authors: Voinov Artem , Senokosov Ilya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A version of developing an ontological model of a cyber physical system of the high level is offered in this paper. The description of the individual elements used in the developed ontological model is presented. The basic formular description of the high level ontology in the logical language of predicates is given. Realizations of particular cases of cyber physical systems are also given using three examples: a conveyor system for processing parts based on Festo, Smart Grids and Part Sequence Sorting System. For each of the models shown, a complete description of the indoor units is provided. Ontological models are based on the use of the concept of functional-block implementation, since this method is the most successful at present. As an intermediate model for adding rules, Prolog is used, whereof transmission into a set of function blocks will take place in the future.
Virtual assistant constructing method for metrological measurements
Authors: Trokoz D A , Mitrohin M A , Sinev M P , Zinkin S A , Boriskin V V , Neshko D O , Sivishkina N O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article considers a dialog service which performs a bot assistant functions for recording metrological measurements results. The project conducted research of one of the modern approach to developing chatbot — rule-based chatbot. The main approach’s features were considered and compared with analogous bot assistant in that article. The aim of the research is development of the dialog service model to ease and accelerate metrological measurements. As a result, the article proposed recommendations for developing a dialog system which performs a bot assistant with functions of performing and recording metrological measurements results typed by the user to the chat or using a voice assistant.
Formalized description of cyber-physical systems models using temporary non-deterministic automata
Authors: Trokoz D A , Zabrodina K A , Safronova V S , Veselova M D , Sinev M P , Mitrohin M A , Gurin E I , Pashchenko T Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The principles of building finite state automata taking into account temporal logic were considered. In this case, time delays of the input symbol are added to the elements of the finite state automaton, which allow the automaton to change its state without producing an output symbol, as well as delays of the output symbol that determine the necessary time interval for the corresponding transition. The main approaches to the definition of the concept of a process, such as “process is a state” and “process is a transition”, which are characterized by the principles of signal processing, taking into account the possibility of saving the state and forming a queue for signal processing, are distinguished. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the approach to the formation of a hierarchical cyber system and the use of temporary SNDA. This method allows to synchronize processes in multithreaded data processing in complex organized, multilevel systems and excludes the possibility of unstable operation, and also improves the performance of the entire complex. As a visual representation of the model of the created principle of temporal non-deterministic automata, a system of grinding and transferring grain in a mill was used.
Improvement of electronic design and technological documentation approval procedure quality by using the apparatus of artificial neural networks
Authors: Ivanov M V , Afanasenkov S A , Skorniakova E A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The necessity of the product life cycle processes reengineering such as design and production stages in order to reduce feedback between design and technological departments and production departments within the framework of the tasks of the organization’s quality management service has been substantiated. Design and technological documentation approval processes are overviewed within the usage of single integrated automated system environment. The apparatus of artificial neural networks is applied to simulate processes and identify redundant elements. An optimized neural network model of approval processes for design and technological documentation is obtained.