bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismicity around the trench axis and outer-rise region of the southern Japan Trench, south of the main rupture area of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake
Authors: Obana Koichiro , Fujie Gou , Yamamoto Yojiro , Kaiho Yuka , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Miura Seiichi , Kodaira Shuichi 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY
The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake ruptured the subduction megathrust fault in the central Japan Trench. We investigated the aftershock activity in the southern Japan Trench to the south of the main rupture area using ocean bottom seismographs deployed both landward and seaward of the trench. In the trench-outer rise region seaward of the trench axis, we identified several ∼100-km-long linear earthquake trends both parallel and oblique to the southern Japan Trench. The earthquake trend oblique to the southern Japan Trench is a southward extension of the trench-parallel linear earthquake trend in the central to northern Japan Trench. The trench-parallel normal-faults in the trench-outer rise region could extend linearly, despite the change of the trench strike from N–S to NNE–SSW to the south of the main rupture area. Normal-faults oblique to the trench should be considered as substantial parts of large intraplate normal-faulting earthquakes. In addition, intraplate seismicity coinciding with the lower velocity oceanic mantle suggest that the structure heterogeneity would be indicative of normal-faults extending into the mantle. In the trench landward area, earthquake activity showed along-trench variations. Earthquakes along the shallow megathrust interface near the trench were observed south of 37°N. These shallow near-trench regular earthquakes, which are located close to the episodic tremors and temporally correlated with the tremor activities, suggest that the afterslip on the plate interface likely extended to the shallow plate interface close to the trench axis. Smaller spatial scale structure heterogeneity, such as the thickness variation in the channel-like low-velocity sedimentary unit, likely relate to the proximity of the regular earthquakes and slow slip which results in the formation of diverse slip behaviours in the shallow subduction zone of the southern Japan Trench.
Sleep Problems, Cumulative Risks, and Psychological Functioning in Early Childhood
Authors: Williamson Ariel A , Davenport Mattina , Cicalese Olivia , Mindell Jodi A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Sleep problems and cumulative risk factors (e.g., caregiver depression, socioeconomic disadvantage) have independently been linked to adverse child development, but few studies have examined the interplay of these factors. We examined whether cumulative risk exposure moderated the link between sleep problems, including insomnia and poor sleep health, and child psychological outcomes.

Methods
205 caregiver-child dyads (child Mage = 3.3 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% Black, 22.4% non-Latinx White, and 4.4% Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed child sleep, family sociodemographic, and child psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and executive functioning) questionnaires. Indexes of cumulative risk exposure, insomnia symptoms, and poor sleep health were created.

Results
Ninety percent of children had ≥1 cumulative risks, 62.9% had ≥1 insomnia symptom, and 84.5% had ≥1 poor sleep health behavior. Increased insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with increased child internalizing, externalizing, and global executive functioning impairments controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Poor sleep health behaviors were associated with internalizing concerns. Cumulative risk exposure was not associated with outcomes but moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and all psychological outcomes, such that children with higher cumulative risk exposure and insomnia symptoms had the greatest impairments. Children with the poorest sleep health behaviors and highest cumulative risks had the greatest internalizing concerns.

Conclusions
Insomnia symptoms in particular are associated with poor child outcomes, which are exacerbated when accompanied by greater cumulative risk exposure. Clinicians should assess sleep when treating early psychological concerns, especially within the context of increased cumulative risks.
Repriming DNA synthesis: an intrinsic restart pathway that maintains efficient genome replication
Authors: Bainbridge Lewis J , Teague Rebecca , Doherty Aidan J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To bypass a diverse range of fork stalling impediments encountered during genome replication, cells possess a variety of DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanisms including translesion synthesis, template switching, and fork reversal. These pathways function to bypass obstacles and allow efficient DNA synthesis to be maintained. In addition, lagging strand obstacles can also be circumvented by downstream priming during Okazaki fragment generation, leaving gaps to be filled post-replication. Whether repriming occurs on the leading strand has been intensely debated over the past half-century. Early studies indicated that both DNA strands were synthesised discontinuously. Although later studies suggested that leading strand synthesis was continuous, leading to the preferred semi-discontinuous replication model. However, more recently it has been established that replicative primases can perform leading strand repriming in prokaryotes. An analogous fork restart mechanism has also been identified in most eukaryotes, which possess a specialist primase called PrimPol that conducts repriming downstream of stalling lesions and structures. PrimPol also plays a more general role in maintaining efficient fork progression. Here, we review and discuss the historical evidence and recent discoveries that substantiate repriming as an intrinsic replication restart pathway for maintaining efficient genome duplication across all domains of life.
Bound2Learn: a machine learning approach for classification of DNA-bound proteins from single-molecule tracking experiments
Authors: Kapadia Nitin , El-Hajj Ziad W , Reyes-Lamothe Rodrigo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDNA-bound proteins are essential elements for the maintenance, regulation, and use of the genome. The time they spend bound to DNA provides useful information on their stability within protein complexes and insight into the understanding of biological processes. Single-particle tracking allows for direct visualization of protein–DNA kinetics, however, identifying whether a molecule is bound to DNA can be non-trivial. Further complications arise when tracking molecules for extended durations in processes with slow kinetics. We developed a machine learning approach, termed Bound2Learn, using output from a widely used tracking software, to robustly classify tracks in order to accurately estimate residence times. We validated our approach in silico, and in live-cell data from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our method has the potential for broad utility and is applicable to other organisms.
Burnout Rate and Risk Factors among Anesthesiologists in the United States
Authors: Afonso Anoushka M. , Cadwell Joshua B. , Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David , Vinson Amy E. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Physician burnout, widespread across medicine, is linked to poorer physician quality of life and reduced quality of care. Data on prevalence of and risk factors for burnout among anesthesiologists are limited. The objective of the current study was to improve understanding of burnout in anesthesiologists, identify workplace and personal factors associated with burnout among anesthesiologists, and quantify their strength of association.

Methods
During March 2020, the authors surveyed member anesthesiologists of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey. Additional survey questions queried workplace and personal factors. The primary research question was to assess rates of high risk for burnout (scores of at least 27 on the emotional exhaustion subscale and/or at least 10 on the depersonalization subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey) and burnout syndrome (demonstrating all three burnout dimensions, consistent with the World Health Organization definition). The secondary research question was to identify associated risk factors.

Results
Of 28,677 anesthesiologists contacted, 13.6% (3,898) completed the survey; 59.2% (2,307 of 3,898) were at high risk of burnout, and 13.8% (539 of 3,898) met criteria for burnout syndrome. On multivariable analysis, perceived lack of support at work (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 5.3 to 8.5); working greater than or equal to 40 h/week (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.80 to 2.75); lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, queer/questioning, intersex, and asexual status (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.35 to 3.63); and perceived staffing shortages (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.76 to 2.42) were independently associated with high risk for burnout. Perceived lack of support at work (odds ratio, 10.0; 95% CI, 5.4 to 18.3) and home (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.69) were most strongly associated with burnout syndrome.

Conclusions
The prevalence of burnout among anesthesiologists is high, with workplace factors weighing heavily. The authors identified risk factors for burnout, especially perceived support in the workplace, where focused interventions may be effective in reducing burnout.

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Designing research studies in writer’s cramp dystonia: an analysis of automated writing measures
Authors: Bukhari-Parlakturk Noreen , Lutz Michael , McConnell Alec , Al-Khalidi Hussein , Wang Joyce En-Hua , Scott Burton , Termsarasab Pichet , Appelbaum Lawrence , Calakos Nicole 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWriter’s cramp (WC) dystonia presents with abnormal postures during the task of writing and is an ideal dystonia subtype to study disease mechanisms for all forms of focal dystonia. Development of novel therapies is contingent on identifying sensitive and specific measures that can relate to the clinical syndrome and achieve a realistic sample size to power clinical research study for a rare disease. Although there have been prior studies employing automated measures of writing kinematics, it remains unclear which measures can distinguish WC subjects with high sensitivity and specificity and how these measures relate to clinician rating scales and patient-reported disability. The goal of this study was to: 1-identify automated writing measures that distinguish WC from healthy subjects, 2-measure sensitivity and specificity of these automated measures as well as their association with established dystonia rating scales, and 3-determine the sample size needed for each automated measure to power a clinical research study.Methods21 WC dystonia and 22 healthy subjects performed a sentence-copying assessment on a digital tablet in a kinematic software and hand recognition software. The sensitivity and specificity of automated measures was calculated using a logistic regression model. Measures were then correlated with examiner and patient rating scales. Power analysis was performed for 2 clinical research designs using these automated measures.ResultsOf the 23 automated writing measures analyzed, only 3 measures showed promise for use in a clinical research study. The automated measures of writing legibility, duration, and peak acceleration were able to distinguish WC from healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity, correlated with examiner-rated dystonia sub-score measures and demonstrated relatively smaller sample sizes suitable for research studies in a rare disease population.DiscussionWe identified novel automated writing outcome measures for use in clinical research studies of WC subjects which capture key aspects of the clinical disease and can serve as important readout of dystonia disease mechanism as well as future disease interventions.
COVID Symptoms, Symptom Clusters, and Predictors for Becoming a Long-Hauler: Looking for Clarity in the Haze of the Pandemic
Authors: Huang Yong , Pinto Melissa D. , Borelli Jessica L. , Mehrabadi Milad Asgari , Abrihim Heather , Dutt Nikil , Lambert Natalie , Nurmi Erika L. , Chakraborty Rana , Rahmani Amir M. , Downs Charles A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmerging data suggest that the effects of infection with SARS-CoV-2 are far reaching extending beyond those with severe acute disease. Specifically, the presence of persistent symptoms after apparent resolution from COVID-19 have frequently been reported throughout the pandemic by individuals labeled as “long-haulers”. The purpose of this study was to assess for symptoms at days 0-10 and 61+ among subjects with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The University of California COvid Research Data Set (UC CORDS) was used to identify 1407 records that met inclusion criteria. Symptoms attributable to COVID-19 were extracted from the electronic health record. Symptoms reported over the previous year prior to COVID-19 were excluded, using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) followed by graph lasso to assess relationships between symptoms. A model was developed predictive for becoming a long-hauler based on symptoms. 27% reported persistent symptoms after 60 days. Women were more likely to become long-haulers, and all age groups were represented with those aged 50 ± 20 years comprising 72% of cases. Presenting symptoms included palpitations, chronic rhinitis, dysgeusia, chills, insomnia, hyperhidrosis, anxiety, sore throat, and headache among others. We identified 5 symptom clusters at day 61+: chest pain-cough, dyspnea-cough, anxiety-tachycardia, abdominal pain-nausea, and low back pain-joint pain. Long-haulers represent a very significant public health concern, and there are no guidelines to address their diagnosis and management. Additional studies are urgently needed that focus on the physical, mental, and emotional impact of long-term COVID-19 survivors who become long-haulers.
Systematic review of the effects of pandemic confinements on body weight and their determinants
Authors: Khan Moien AB , Menon Preetha , Govender Romona , Samra Amal , Nauman Javaid , Ostlundh Linda , Mustafa Halla , Allaham Kholoud K , Smith Jane E.M. , Al Kaabi Juma M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPandemics and subsequent lifestyle restrictions such as ‘lockdowns’ may have unintended consequences, including alterations in body weight. Understanding the impact and the mechanisms affecting body weight is paramount for planning effective public health measures for both now and future “lockdown”-type situations. This systematic review assesses and the impact of pandemic confinement on body weight and to identifies contributory factors. A comprehensive literature search was performed in seven electronic databases and in gray sources from their inception until 1stJuly 2020 with an update in PubMed and Scopus on 1stFebruary 2021. In total, 2,361 unique records were retrieved, of which 41 studies were identified eligible: 1 case control study, 14 cohort and 26 cross-sectional studies (469, 362 total participants). The participants ranged in age from 6–86 years. The proportion of female participants ranged from 37% to 100%. Pandemic confinements were associated with weight gain in 7.2%–72.4% of participants and weight loss in 11.1%–32.0% of participants. Weight gain ranged from 0.6 (±1.3) to 3.0 (±2.4) kg, and weight loss ranged from 2.0 (±1.4) to 2.9 (±1.5) kg. Weight gain occurred predominantly in participants who were already overweight or obese. Associated factors included increased consumption of unhealthy food with decreased intake of healthy fresh fruits and vegetables, changes in physical activity, and altered sleep patterns. Weight loss during the pandemic was observed in individuals with previous low weight, and those who ate less and were more physically active before lock down. Associated factors included increased intake of fruits and vegetables, drinking more water and consuming no alcohol. Maintaining a stable weight was more difficult in populations with reduced income, particularly in individuals with lower educational attainment. The findings of this systematic review highlight the short-term effects of pandemic confinements. Learning from the “lockdown” experience is fundamental if we are to prepare for the next wave; a holistic, reactive, tailored response is needed involving multiple providers.
Automated analysis of PSMA-PET/CT studies using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Edenbrandt Lars , Borrelli Pablo , Ulén Johannes , Enqvist Olof , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeProstate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has shown to be more sensitive and accurate than conventional imaging. Visual interpretation of the images causes both intra- and inter-reader disagreement and there is therefore a need for objective methods to analyze the images. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) tool for PSMA PET/CT and to evaluate the influence of the tool on inter-reader variability.ApproachWe have recently trained AI tools to automatically segment organs, detect tumors, and quantify volume and tracer uptake of tumors in PET/CT. The primary prostate gland tumor, bone metastases, and lymph nodes were analyzed in patients with prostate cancer. These studies were based on non-PSMA targeting PET tracers. In this study an AI tool for PSMA PET/CT was developed based on our previous AI tools. Letting three physicians analyze ten PSMA PET/CT studies first without support from the AI tool and at a second occasion with the support of the AI tool assessed the influence of the tool. A two-sided sign test was used to analyze the number of cases with increased and decreased variability with support of the AI tool.ResultsThe range between the physicians in prostate tumor total lesion uptake (TLU) decreased for all ten patients with AI support (p=0.002) and decreased in bone metastases TLU for nine patients and increased in one patient (p=0.01). Regarding the number of detected lymph nodes the physicians agreed in on average 72% of the lesions without AI support and this number decreased to 65% with AI support.ConclusionsPhysicians supported by an AI tool for automated analysis of PSMA-PET/CT studies showed significantly less inter-reader variability in the quantification of primary prostate tumors and bone metastases than when performing a completely manual analysis. A similar effect was not found for lymph node lesions. The tool may facilitate comparisons of studies from different centers, pooling data within multicenter trials and performing meta-analysis. We invite researchers to apply and evaluate our AI tool for their PSMA PET/CT studies. The AI tool is therefore available upon reasonable request for research purposes atwww.recomia.org.
Disparities in outcomes among patients diagnosed with cancer associated with emergency department visits
Authors: Pettit Nicholas , Sarmiento Elisa , Kline Jeffrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImportanceDiagnosis of cancer in the emergency department (ED) may be associated with poor outcomes, related to socioeconomic (SES) disparities, however data are limited.ObjectiveTo examine the morality and associated disparities for cancer diagnoses made less than six months after an ED visit.DesignThis study is case-control analysis of the Indiana State Department of Health Cancer Registry, and the Indiana Network for Patient Care. First time diagnoses of ICD-“cancer” appearing in the registry between January 2013 and December 2017 were included. Cases were patients who had an ED visit in the 6 months before their cancer diagnosis; controls had no recent ED visits.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Primary outcome was mortality, comparing ED-associated mortality to non-ED-associated. Secondary outcomes include SES and demographic disparities.Results134,761 first-time cancer patients were identified, including 15,432 (11.5%) cases. In cases and controls, the mean age was same at 65 and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was the same at 2.0 in both groups. More of the ED cohort were Black than the non-ED cohort (12.4% vs 7.4%, P<.0001, Chi Square) and more were low income (36.4%. vs 29.3%). The top 3 ED-associated cancer diagnoses were lung (18.4%), breast (8.9%), and colorectal cancer (8.9%), vs. the non-ED cohort were breast (17%), lung (14.9%), and prostate cancer (10.1%). Regardless of type, all ED-associated cancers had an over three-fold higher mortality, with cumulative death rate of 32.9% for cases vs 9.0% for controls (P<.0001) over the entire study period. Regression analysis predicting mortality, clustering by city, controlling for age, gender, race, SES, drug/alcohol/tobacco use, and CCI score, produced an odds ratio of 4.12 (95% CI 3.72-4.56 for ED associated cancers).Conclusion and RelevanceThis study found that an ED visit within 6 months prior to the first time of ICD-coded cancer is associated with Black race, low income and an overall three-fold increased risk of death. The mortality rates for ED-associated cancers are uniformly worse for all cancer types. These data suggest that additional work is needed in order to reduce disparities among ED-associated cancer diagnoses, including increased surveillance and improved transitions of care.Key PointsQuestionDo patients diagnosed with cancer, shortly after an emergency department (ED) visit have worsened outcomes than patients with diagnoses not associated with an ED visit.FindingsIn this retrospective, epidemiological assessment, 134,761 patients were diagnosed with cancer, 11.5% (15,432) were seen in the ED within 6 months prior to their diagnosis. They had increased mortality, associated with racial and socioeconomic disparities.MeaningThese findings imply an urgent need for improved transitions of care for minority and low-income patients with suspected cancer in the ED.