bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the connections between giraffe skin disease and lion predation
Authors: Muneza A. B. , Linden D. W. , Kimaro M. H. , Dickman A. J. , Macdonald D. W. , Roloff G. J. , Hayward M. W. , Montgomery R. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRates at which predators encounter, hunt and kill prey are influenced by, among other things, the intrinsic condition of prey. Diseases can considerably compromise body condition, potentially weakening ability of afflicted prey to avoid predation. Understanding predator–prey dynamics is particularly important when both species are threatened, as is the case with lions (Panthera leo) and giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis). Importantly, an emergent disease called giraffe skin disease (GSD) may affect predatory interactions of lions and giraffes. Hypotheses suggest that GSD may negatively affect the likelihood of giraffes surviving lion attacks. We evaluated giraffe–lion interactions in Ruaha National Park, Tanzania, where 85% of the giraffe population has GSD. We monitored lion hunting behaviour and estimated proportion of the giraffe population with GSD and evidence of ‘lion marks’ from assumed previous lion predation attempts (i.e. claw marks, bite marks and missing tails). Although we recorded lions hunting and feeding on 16 different prey species, giraffes represented the largest prey category (27%; n = 171 of 641). For age and sex cohorts combined, 26% (n = 140 of 548) of encountered giraffes displayed evidence of previous lion predation attempts. Occurrence of lion marks was higher for adults and males in the giraffe population, suggesting that these individuals were more likely to survive lion attacks. We also found marginal evidence of a positive relationship between giraffes with severe GSD and occurrence of lion marks. Our results identify giraffes as important prey species for lions in Ruaha National Park and suggest that GSD severity plays a minor role in likelihood of surviving a lion attack. This is the first study to explore connections between lion predation and GSD. We explore the ecological implications of disease ecology on predator–prey interactions and consider opportunities for future research on causal links between GSD and giraffe vulnerability to lion predation.
Light Up the Brain: An Exploratory Study of Applying Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy in an Authentic Video Task
Authors: Chang Christine S. , Seccia Amanda , Bruce David 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDigital video (DV) is widely used in education settings; however, few researchers have explored the neurocognitive underpinnings of DV tasks. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) records neurological activity in real time, is robust to movement, and provides information about cognitive load and engagement levels during authentic learning tasks. This study used fNIRS to measure hemodynamic responses while eight participants completed a DV task. Statistically significant differences in hemodynamic responses during the editing and evaluation stages of the DV task were found. fNIRS can help researchers understand cognitive load and engagement levels during DV tasks, which can help inform learning and instruction.
Self in medicine: Determinants of physician well‐being and future directions in improving wellness
Authors: Mendelsohn Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContextMedicine, a profession dedicated to the wellness of patients, is struggling with a crisis of physician and trainee wellness. Physicians and trainees are burning out at alarming rates. Historically, medicine has been characterised by challenging working conditions and inattention to physician wellness and self‐care. Healthy physicians are better at promoting wellness to their patients, and physicians who are suffering from burnout can deliver compromised patient care.DiscussionIn recent years, research has increasingly focused on the causes of unwellness among doctors, and a broad range of health determinants have been identified. Studies of interventions for improving trainee and physician wellness have identified individual‐focused and organisational approaches that can address the root causes of burnout. Insights from the corporate workplace may help guide interventions. Strategies for addressing physician burnout and improving wellness will involve innovative and multifaceted approaches. Despite a growing emphasis of physician wellness in the literature, implementation of wellness interventions is lagging, and quality improvement methods can address these challenges.ConclusionPhysician wellness is a shared responsibility among doctors, health care organisations and governing bodies. Addressing burnout and improving physician wellness will require transformational change and the embracement of a culture of wellness in medicine. Quality improvement methods are the next step in identifying effective wellness interventions and the targeted groups of physicians and trainees who will most benefit.
The contemporary crisis of hallway healthcare: Implications of neoliberal health policy on the rise of emergency overcrowding
Authors: Lopez Lorena K. , Weerasinghe Navisha , Killackey Tieghan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe provision of hallway healthcare is a growing concern within contemporary healthcare systems. Hallway healthcare or hallway medicine is defined as the use of unconventional spaces, such as hallways, to provide patient care in the acute care setting. Negative effects associated with the prevalence of hallway healthcare may hinder the healing trajectory of vulnerable and ageing populations. Nurses have an intimate role in the provision of care and can offer valuable insight for the advocacy of high quality and safe patient care. Moreover, hallway healthcare is associated with the development of suboptimal working conditions that have resulted in negative impacts on the nursing profession. The authors seek to better understand the occurrence of this phenomenon by exploring the development of healthcare policies in relation to the neoliberal tenets of, individualism, free market via deregulation and privatization, and decentralization. This article provides an analysis of the historical evolution of hallway healthcare and neoliberalism. Furthermore, the authors aim to explore and demonstrate how the COVID‐19 pandemic has shed light on the inefficiency of neoliberalism ideologies for healthcare. Based on the analysis, the authors shall provide suggestions for nurses and stakeholders to enact meaningful change in an international context.
Resequencing of 301 ramie accessions identifies genetic loci and breeding selection for fibre yield traits
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Zhu Siyuan , Wang Yanzhou , Bai Xuehua , Liu Chan , Chen Jianrong , Zhang Ting , Wei Yiping , Li Fu , Bao Zhigui , Yan Li , Wang Hengyun , Liu Touming 
Published: September 2021

SummaryRamie is an important fibre‐producing crop in China; however, the genetic basis of its agronomic traits remains poorly understood. We produced a comprehensive map of genomic variation in ramie based on resequencing of 301 landraces and cultivars. Genetic analysis produced 129 signals significantly associated with six fibre yield‐related traits, and several genes were identified as candidate genes for respective traits. Furthermore, we found that natural variations in the promoter region of Bnt14G019616 were associated with extremely low fibre abundance, providing the first evidence for the role of pectin methylesterase in fibre growth of plants. Additionally, nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that breeding selection has been markedly focussed on chromosome 9 in which ~ 39.6% sequence underwent selection, where one gibberellin‐signalling‐repressed DELLA gene showed distinct selection signatures in the cultivars. This study provides insights into the genetic architecture and breeding history of fibre yield traits in ramie. Moreover, the identification of fibre yield‐related genetic loci and large‐scale genomic variation represent valuable resources for genomics‐assisted breeding of this crop.
Prenatal diagnosis of maternal serum from mothers carrying β‐thalassemic fetus
Authors: Fazal Yumna , Zohaib Muhammad , Syed Basir , Ansari Saqib H. , Hashim Zehra , Ahmed Aftab , Zarina Shamshad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on the discovery of protein biomarkers from the maternal serum of β‐thalassemic trait mothers carrying the normal fetus and β‐thalassemic major fetus.MethodsSerum samples from β‐thalassemic trait mothers carrying major (N = 5) and normal fetuses (N = 5) were studied. The IVS1‐5 thalassemia mutation was common among β‐thalassemic trait mothers who were carrying a homozygous β‐thalassemic fetus (IVS1‐5/ IVS1‐5 mutation) or a normal fetus (no mutation). We employed two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis to explore differentially expressed maternal serum proteins from thalassemia carrier couples with the same β‐thalassemia mutation. Western blotting was performed for one of the identified proteins to validate our data.ResultsTen proteins were identified in the maternal serum of β‐thalassemic trait mothers carrying the β‐thalassemic major fetus and normal fetus. Among these, serotransferrin, haptoglobin, α‐1 anti‐trypsin, apo‐lipoprotein A1, and the fibrinogen‐β chain were found to be upregulated in mothers carrying major fetuses and are known to be associated with pregnancy‐related disorders. The expression of α‐1 anti‐trypsin was validated through western blotting.ConclusionsProteins identified in the current study from maternal serum are reported to contribute to hereditary disorders. We suggest that these can serve as putative screening markers for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis in β‐thalassemic pregnancies.
“Structural Injustice” as an analytical tool
Authors: Sankaran Kirun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract“Structural Injustice” refers to injustices that can't be attributed to particular actions by bad actors. This article surveys Iris Marion Young's influential account of structural injustice; lays out some considerations related to the concept's use as an analytical tool; and critically surveys Young's account of individual responsibility for structural injustice.
Varieties of conceptual analysis
Authors: Kölbel Max 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat exactly does conceptual analysis consist in? Is it empirical or a priori? How does it support philosophical theses? and What kinds of thesis are these? There is no consensus on these questions in contemporary philosophy. This study aims to defend conceptual analysis by showing that it comprises a number of different methods and by explaining their importance in philosophy. After setting out an initial dilemma for conceptual analysis, the study outlines a minimal ecumenical account of concepts, as well as an account of concept possession and concept employment. On the basis of these accounts, the study then argues that there are both empirical and a priori forms of conceptual analysis, and that each can be defended as legitimate methods. The philosophical interest of conceptual analysis, however, resides in relying on all three types of method in the service of answering philosophical concerns. This is illustrated by three sample cases.
Porcine scabies induces marked apoptosis, increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1, TNF‐α and shedding of ICAM‐1
Authors: Joshi Vivek , Dimri Umesh , Gopalakrishnan Arumugam , Bhanuprakash Asandi Govindappa , Gupta Vinod Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundScabies is one of the leading causes of morbidity in pigs worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the role of immune reactions in the development of porcine scabies.Materials and MethodsThe aim of this study was to investigate key pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1, TNF‐α), soluble variant of adhesion molecule ICAM‐1 and mite‐mediated apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes in 20 pigs with scabies, in addition to 10 healthy controls. The pigs with at least three typical clinical signs and found positive for Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in microscopy were recruited for the present study.ResultsIL‐1 acted as the major pro‐inflammatory cytokine as serum IL‐1 concentrations showed significantly (p < .05) higher levels (7‐fold increase) in cases than in controls. The minor cytokine TNF‐α was 4‐fold higher during scabies, and its mean serum concentration was significantly increased (p < .05) in cases when compared to healthy controls. Soluble ICAM‐1 levels were significantly higher (p < .05) in all the pigs of infested group compared with the controls. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic leukocytes was found to be significantly higher (p < .05) in scabies positive pigs as compared to the healthy controls.ConclusionIt is concluded that systemic elevation in pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1 and TNF‐α, shedding of soluble ICAM‐1 variant in peripheral blood and increased rate of host‐cell apoptosis in peripheral leukocytes might be implicated in the immunopathology of naturally acquired porcine scabies.
Dental management of a 26‐year‐old female with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: A case report
Authors: Hietanen Benjamin , Sullivan Maureen , Frustino Jennifer , Cantie Shawn , Kapral Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the report is to present a rare case of clinical management of a 26‐year‐old patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), and discuss treatment options and possible outcomes.SummaryFOP is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the connective tissue that affects one in two million people. It is characterized by multiple areas of progressive heterotopic endochondral ossifications. The symptoms typically begin with painful soft tissue swellings in the patient's first decade, which frequently occur after minor trauma, but may also happen spontaneously. The soft tissue swellings eventually form hard bony masses that cause joint limitations, growth defects, skeletal deformities, and chronic pain. The results are severely limiting to the activities of daily living and overall quality of life with the average life expectancy being 40 years of age. Medical and dental treatment, including the use of general anesthesia, may be complicated by increased risk of ossification of the soft tissues in the airway and lungs. The following case report focuses on a 26‐year‐old Caucasian female, with FOP. The patient presented to the Erie County Medical Center Dental clinic in Spring 2019 with generalized dental pain. She reported a history of multiple dental infections over many years which were periodically treated with antibiotics. A thorough intraoral exam and radiographs were not able to be completed upon initial presentation due to severe trismus and mobility limitations. The patient was a wheelchair user, verbal, and maintained a completely liquid diet by mouth. The patient also had a medical history significant for dysphagia and aspiration. After a substantial pre‐operative optimization process, the patient was brought to the operating room for full mouth dental extractions. At the 2‐week follow‐up from surgery the patient showed excellent healing.ConclusionWhile there are greater potential risks with placing a patient with FOP patient under general anesthesia, proper management of dental disease can relieve the patient from recurrent infections and discomfort.
Peritoneal dialysis resulting in discontinuance of recurring attacks of acute intermittent porphyria: A case report
Authors: Østergaard Maria Grostøl Ørnhøj , Erlandsen Erland Jørn , Thomsen Henrik Holm , Randers Else 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria is one of eight disorders arising from disturbances in heme biosynthesis where the precursors, 5‐aminolevulinate and porphobilinogen, are elevated in plasma and urine. Attacks are characterized by severe abdominal pain, vomiting and/or obstipation, neurological manifestations, and psychological disturbances. The mainstay of treatment is hemin infusion to induce the negative feedback of heme synthesis. Hemodialysis is casuistically suggested as an alternative treatment. We present a case report of a 78‐year‐old male with acute intermittent porphyria and renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis resulting in complete discontinuance of longstanding painful and disabling porphyria attacks.
Decoupling between upper crustal deformation of southern Tibet and underthrusting of Indian lithosphere
Authors: Wang Shiguang , Replumaz Anne , Chevalier Marie‐Luce , Li Haibing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMore accurate normal fault mapping and more recently constrained extension rates in southern and central Tibet allow to better discuss the mechanical processes responsible for the distribution of extension in Tibet. First, we show that the location of the rifts in southern Tibet south of the Karakorum‐Jiali fault zone (KJFZ) does not exactly correspond to that of the rigid Indian lower lithosphere flattening below southern Tibet (underthrusting) inferred by P‐waves global tomography, thus suggesting an absence of mechanical coupling between the two processes. Instead, E‐W extension south of the KJFZ appears primarily due to divergent, orthogonal thrusting along the curved Himalayan arc, as proposed earlier. North of the KJFZ however, lower amplitude extension, distributed on numerous scattered normal faults in the western Qiangtang terrane, absorbs distributed eastward extrusion, while eastern Qiangtang is extruded more rigidly by the Xianshuihe fault, following a slip‐line resulting from in‐plane forces due to the collision/indenter, visible as a major discontinuity in the GPS velocity field.
Myosin XI‐B is involved in the transport of vesicles and organelles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tian Xiulin , Wang Xingjuan , Li Yan 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYThe movement of organelles and vesicles in pollen tubes depends on F‐actin. However, the molecular mechanism through which plant myosin XI drives the movement of organelles is still controversial, and the relationship between myosin XI and vesicle movement in pollen tubes is also unclear. In this study, we found that the siliques of the myosin xi‐b/e mutant were obviously shorter than those of the wild‐type (WT) and that the seed set of the mutant was severely deficient. The pollen tube growth of myosin xi‐b/e was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that the velocity of vesicle movement in the pollen tube tip of the myosin xi‐b/e mutant was lower than that of the WT. It was also found that peroxisome movement was significantly inhibited in the pollen tubes of the myosin xi‐b/e mutant, while the velocities of the Golgi stack and mitochondrial movement decreased relatively less in the pollen tubes of the mutant. The endoplasmic reticulum streaming in the pollen tube shanks was not significantly different between the WT and the myosin xi‐b/e mutant. In addition, we found that myosin XI‐B‐GFP colocalized obviously with vesicles and peroxisomes in the pollen tubes of Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results indicate that myosin XI‐B may bind mainly to vesicles and peroxisomes, and drive their movement in pollen tubes. These results also suggest that the mechanism by which myosin XI drives organelle movement in plant cells may be evolutionarily conserved compared with other eukaryotic cells.
Literature Review on Endoscopic Robotic Systems in Ear and Sinus Surgery
Authors: Michel Guillaume , Salunkhe Durgesh Haribhau , Bordure Philippe , Chablat Damien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In otolaryngologic surgery, endoscopy is increasingly used to provide a better view of hard-to-reach areas and to promote minimally invasive surgery. However, the need to manipulate the endoscope limits the surgeon's ability to operate with only one instrument at a time. Currently, several robotic systems are being developed, demonstrating the value of robotic assistance in microsurgery. The aim of this literature review is to present and classify current robotic systems that are used for otological and endonasal applications. For these solutions, an analysis of the functionalities in relation to the surgeon's needs will be carried out to produce a set of specifications for the creation of new robots.
A New Test Method for In Vitro Evaluation of Pedicle Screw Loosening Potential
Authors: Pinto Otávio Teixeira , Laforce Isabel Flesch , Badra Dimitra Vlaskou , de Mello Roesler Carlos Rodrigo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new test method based on the toggle effect under transverse loads (cranial–caudal) to investigate the loosening potential of pedicle screw designs. A three-step in vitro testing procedure was developed to mimic the loosening mechanism of pedicle screws. First, the pedicle screw of a certain design is inserted into a bone substitute model specifically designed for the test. Second, a controlled cyclic cranial–caudal loading is applied transversally to the longitudinal axis of the screw for three ascendent load levels (staircase) by a predetermined number of load cycles. Lastly, each pedicle screw is adjusted and subjected to axial pull-out quasi-static testing. The results are used to calculate a loosening index that, together with statistical analysis, indicates the potential for loosening of the specific design evaluated. The proposed testing method effectively provides a simulated environment to evaluate the loosening potential of pedicle screw designs. The proposed loosening index calculation may be used to compare different pedicle screw designs. The proposed methodology was verified as a valuable tool to investigate the influence of the cranial–caudal loads on pedicle screw behavior. It offers a new alternative for use in preclinical studies on the loosening potential of pedicle screw designs.
Single-Phase and Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop in a Long Double Helicoidally Coiled Tube
Authors: Manek V. , Fang T. , Ghiaasiaan S. M. , Patelczyk J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Single-phase and two-phase frictional pressure drop in horizontally oriented double helically coiled tubes confined in a cylindrical shell are experimentally studied using an instrumented test loop that represents a prototypical liquified natural gas (LNG) fuel delivery system for internal combustion (IC) engines. Adiabatic experimental data addressing liquid (water) and gas (nitrogen) single-phase flows, as well as two-phase flows (air–water) in the helicoidally coiled tubes are presented. The range of Reynold numbers for single-phase flow experiments is 2600–4800. In two-phase flow experiments, the only liquid and only gas Reynolds numbers varied in 1030–6600 and 1700–17700 ranges, respectively. In a laminar single-phase flow regime, the measured friction factors are in relatively good agreement with well-established correlations. In the turbulent flow regime, the measured friction factors are moderately higher than the prediction of well-established published correlations. Two-phase flow frictional pressure drops are compared with some relevant correlations, with the poor agreement. The generated experimental data are empirically correlated based on the two-phase flow multiplier concept.