bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrants in polish economy
Authors: Dudzik Iwona , Brukwicka Irena 
Published: June 2021

This article deals with immigrants in Polish economy. The aim of the article is to present the most important research findings, concerning immigrants and enterprises where they are employed. This issue also includes the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of this paper focused mostly on Ukrainian immigrants.
It has been proven that increase in the number of immigrant workers leads to the growth of the Gross Domestic Product, and contributes to the faster growth in remittances from the Republic of Poland to Ukraine. As a result of the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sales, non-employment costs were reduced in the service and industrial sectors. Employment changes were not correlated with company’s situation. It is worth noting, that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, some companies may be less inclined to recruit immigrants in the near future, and the overall demand for labor may decrease. This is particularly important, because the primary reason for employment people from abroad was the inability to meet labor needs of the citizens of Poland. The majority of immigrants are employed only to perform physical work which does not require qualifications. Large companies show greater interest in the foreign human capital. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants who declared their intention to stay in Poland for a longer period of time. More than half of the immigrants stay in Poland, with at least, one family member. On this basis, it may be concluded that the number of immigrants willing to settle in Poland is growing.
Trends in Spitzer Secondary Eclipses
Authors: Wallack Nicole L. , Knutson Heather A. , Deming Drake 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is well established that the magnitude of the incident stellar flux is the single most important factor in determining the day–night temperature gradients and atmospheric chemistries of short-period gas giant planets. However, it is likely that other factors, such as planet-to-planet variations in atmospheric metallicity, C/O ratio, and cloud properties, also contribute to the observed diversity of infrared spectra for this population of planets. In this study, we present new 3.6 and 4.5 μm secondary eclipse measurements for five transiting gas giant planets: HAT-P-5b, HAT-P-38b, WASP-7b, WASP-72b, and WASP-127b. We detect eclipses in at least one bandpass for all five planets and confirm circular orbits for all planets except WASP-7b, which shows evidence for a nonzero eccentricity. Building on the work of Garhart et al., we place these new planets into a broader context by comparing them with the sample of all planets with measured Spitzer secondary eclipses. We find that incident flux is the single most important factor for determining the atmospheric chemistry and circulation patterns of short-period gas giant planets. Although we might also expect surface gravity and host star metallicity to play a secondary role, we find no evidence for correlations with either of these two variables.
Searching for Surviving Companion in the Young SMC Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2–7219
Authors: Li 李傳 Chuan-Jui 睿 , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Ishioka Ryoko , Chu 朱有 You-Hua 花 , Ruiter Ashley J. , Vogt Frédéric P. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
1E 0102.2–7219 (hereafter E0102) is a young supernova remnant (SNR) in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It contains oxygen-rich SN ejecta, a possible neutron star (NS), and a small amount of fast-moving H-rich ejecta material. These properties are also seen in Cas A; it has thus been suggested that E0102 is also a Type IIb SNR, whose SN progenitor’s hydrogen envelope was stripped off possibly via interactions with a companion star. To search for a surviving companion of E0102's SN progenitor, we have used archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continuum images to make photometric measurements of stars projected in the SNR to construct color–magnitude diagrams and compare the stars with those expected from surviving companions of Type IIb SNe. We have also used the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations taken with the Very Large Telescope to perform spectroscopic analyses of stars and search for peculiar radial velocities as diagnostics of surviving companions. We further use the HST and Gaia data to inspect proper motions of stars for complementary kinetic studies. No plausible companion candidates are found if the SN explosion site was near the NS, while the B3 V star 34a may be a plausible companion candidate if the SN explosion site is near the SN ejecta’s expansion center. If the NS is real and associated with E0102, it needs a ∼1000 km s−1 runaway velocity, which has been observed in other SNRs and can be acquired from an asymmetric SN explosion or a kick by the SN explosion of a massive companion.
Flare-induced Photospheric Velocity Diagnostics
Authors: Monson Aaron J. , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Reid Aaron , Milligan Ryan , Kuridze David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of solar flares generated by the RADYN and RH codes to study the perturbations induced in photospheric Fe i lines by electron beam heating. We investigate how variations in the beam parameters result in discernible differences in the induced photospheric velocities. Line synthesis revealed a significant chromospheric contribution to the line profiles resulting in an apparent red asymmetry by as much as 40 m s−1 close to the time of maximum beam heating, which was not reflective of the upflow velocities that arose from the radiative-hydrodynamic simulations at those times. The apparent redshift to the overall line profile was produced by significant chromospheric emission that was blueshifted by as much as 400 m s−1 and fills in the blue side of the near-stationary photospheric absorption profile. The velocity information that can be retrieved from photospheric line profiles during flares must therefore be treated with care to mitigate the effects of higher parts of the atmosphere providing an erroneous velocity signal.
Automated Photometry of γ Cassiopeiae: The Last Roundup
Authors: Smith M. A. , Henry G. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

γ Cassiopeiae (B0.5IVe) is the noted prototype of a subgroup of classical Be stars exhibiting hard thermal X-ray emission. This paper reports results from a 23 yr optical campaign on this star with an automated photometric telescope (APT). A series of unstable long cycles of length 56–91 days has nearly ceased over the last decade. Also, we revise the frequency of the dominant coherent signal at 0.82238 days−1. This signal’s amplitude has nearly disappeared in the last 15 yr but has somewhat recovered its former strength. We confirm the presence of secondary nonradial pulsation signals found by other authors at frequencies 1.24, 2.48, and 5.03 days−1. The APT data from intensively monitored nights reveal rapidly variable amplitudes among these frequencies. We show that peculiarities in the 0.82 days−1 waveform exist that can vary even over several days. Although the 0.82 days−1 frequency is near the star’s presumed rotational frequency, because of its phase slippage with respect to a dip pattern in its far-UV light curve, it is preferable to consider the UV pattern, not the 0.82 days−1 signal, as associated with rotational modulation. We also find hints of the UV dip pattern in periodograms of seasonal data early in our program.
Study to elucidate the pharmacological activity of retinalamin in a rat model of ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Pobeda Anna S. , Kalatanova Anna V. , Abashev Daria A. , Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Solovev Nikolai V. , Shchurovskaya Kristina V. , Chernyaeva Sofia S. , Kolesnik Inga M. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Over the past few years, the incidence of retinal ischemic disorders has been increasing, due to a rising prevalence of such socially burdensome diseases as diabetes and hypertension, which ultimately lead to ocular vascular pathology. The identification of new treatment options that would prevent retinal neuron death is a crucial task of modern pharmacology.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. Retinopathy was modeled by inducing a 30-min ischemic episode, with a 72-hour period of reperfusion and subsequent administration of Retinalamin and Emoxypine for 10 days. The effectiveness of the drugs was evaluated by electroretinographic, ophthalmoscopic and morphological assessments.
Results and discussion: On Day 14 of the experiment, a dose-dependent preservation of the electroretinogram b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was observed in the animals treated with Retinalamin depending on a dose (1.39±0.06, 1.46±0.03 and 1.49±0.04 in low (0.214 mg/kg), medium (0.428 mg/kg) and high (0.857 mg/kg) Retinalamin dose groups, respectively). The ophthalmoscopic picture of the fundus oculi also improved following the treatment with Retinalamin (1.42, 1.69 and 1.90 times lower ophthalmoscopic scores compared to placebo-treated animals in low, medium and high dose groups, respectively). The morphologic “coefficient of change” applied to ganglion cell layer was 2.2, 1.7 and 1.6 points in low, medium and high dose Retinalamin groups, respectively. These results are significantly different from both intact and placebo group (p<0.05). Based on the aforementioned experimental findings, we conclude that Retinalamin has a retinoprotective effect and is superior to the drug of comparison (Emoxypine).
Conclusion: The greatest neuroprotective effects were shown in the groups receiving Retinalamin. In these groups, the ERG b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was preserved, the ophthalmoscopic picture was less pathologic and retinal morphology features were close to those of the intact retina.
Europe : des valeurs en évolution mais toujours aussi clivées
Authors: Bréchon Pierre 
Published: June 2021

La revue Futuribles s’intéresse depuis plus de 35 ans à l’évolution des systèmes de valeurs et à l’étude de leur transformation, faisant régulièrement écho aux enquêtes réalisées tous les 9-10 ans dans le cadre de l’ European Values Study (EVS), en étroite collaboration avec Pierre Bréchon. La dernière vague de l’EVS a été conduite en 2017-2018 dans 37 pays et permet, en la comparant aux enquêtes de 1990, 1999 et 2008, de voir et comprendre comment les valeurs évoluent, sur longue période, sur le continent européen. C’est à ces principaux enseignements qu’est consacré le dossier ouvert dans ce numéro par l’article de Pierre Bréchon. Après un rappel de la méthodologie des EVS, l’auteur y souligne les différences de valeurs observées suivant les zones géographiques (Europe de l’Ouest / du Sud / de l’Est membre ou non de l’Union européenne / pays nordiques), toujours très marquées, tout en insistant sur la distinction essentielle à faire entre la tendance à l’individualisation (volonté d’autonomie) et celle allant vers l’individualisme (recherche de son strict intérêt personnel). Puis il examine les évolutions principales que l’on peut dégager sur longue période, parmi lesquelles une forte hausse de l’individualisation, tout particulièrement en Europe du Nord et de l’Ouest, et une relative régression de l’individualisme (excepté en Europe de l’Est). Il présente également les grandes tendances en matière de religiosité, d’adhésion aux valeurs démocratiques, de xénophobie… Enfin, outre les variables culturelles et religieuses, Pierre Bréchon souligne l’importance des variables sociologiques dans les différences de valeurs, les personnes les plus favorisées faisant globalement preuve d’une plus grande ouverture aux autres. Deux articles complètent ce dossier : l’un sur la montée du populisme autoritaire (Gilles Ivaldi) et l’autre sur l’évolution des valeurs de tolérance (Raul Magni Berton). S.D.
L’Europe et les libertés fondamentales
Authors: Drevet Jean-François 
Published: June 2021

La crise de la Covid et les nombreuses mesures restrictives pour les libertés qui ont dû être prises un peu partout dans le monde ont réveillé les débats en matière de respect et défense des libertés individuelles. C’est bien entendu le cas en Europe, berceau des droits de l’homme. Mais au-delà du débat conjoncturel inhérent à la crise Covid, la question de la défense des libertés fondamentales à l’échelle de l’Union européenne, prise dans une acception plus large — défense de la démocratie et des normes qui la définissent au sein des États membres, candidats à l’intégration, ou voisins de l’Union — mérite d’être réévaluée. C’est ce que propose cette chronique, qui rappelle les principes de base de l’Union en la matière (pas de place pour les régimes dictatoriaux ou liberticides) ; les textes sur lesquels ces principes s’appuient, mais dont la violation peine à déboucher sur des sanctions efficaces ; et les inquiétudes inhérentes aux dérives anti-démocratiques observées dans les pays tiers voisins de l’Union. Jean-François Drevet tire ici une sonnette d’alarme pour que l’Union affirme ses principes et se donne les moyens de les appliquer plus strictement et plus efficacement dans un contexte plus précaire pour les valeurs démocratiques. S.D.
Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Risuteganib for Non-Exudative AMD: A Multicenter, Phase 2a, Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Boyer David S. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Kunimoto Derek Y. , Maturi Raj K. , Roe Richard H. , Singer Michael A. , Xavier Samantha , Kornfield Julie A. , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Aubel Janine , Karageozian Hampar L. , Park John Y. , Karageozian Vicken H. , Karageozian Lisa , Sarayba Melvin A. , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.0 mg risuteganib in subjects with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a phase 2a, prospective, double-masked, sham-controlled study. Eyes with nonexudative (dry) AMD and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/40 and 20/200 were included. Subjects were randomized to intravitreal 1.0 mg risuteganib or sham injection. At Week 16, subjects in the risuteganib group received a second 1.0-mg dose and the sham group crossed over to receive a dose of 1.0 mg risuteganib and were evaluated at Week 28. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with 8 letters ETDRS or more BCVA gain from baseline to Week 28 in the risuteganib group versus baseline to Week 12 for the sham group. BCVA was tested and subjects were observed for adverse events (AEs) every 4 weeks until completion of the study at 32 weeks.

RESULTS:

Forty-five subjects (risuteganib, n = 29; sham, n = 16) were enrolled in the study, of whom 39 (risuteganib, n = 25; sham, n = 14) completed the study and were included in the per protocol efficacy analysis. At baseline, mean age was 78.8 and 75.9 years and mean BCVA was 67.1 and 64.4 letters in the sham and risuteganib groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was met by 48% of the risuteganib group at Week 28 and 7% of the sham group at Week 12 (
P
= .013). Of the risuteganib subjects, 20% gained 15 letters or more at Week 28, whereas no patients in the sham group at Week 12 achieved this visual acuity gain. The only ocular treatment-related treatment-emergent AE was vitreous floaters, which spontaneously recovered without sequelae. No drug-related serious AE was reported.

CONCLUSIONS:
Risuteganib demonstrated significant BCVA improvement in patients with non-exudative AMD. No drug-related AEs were seen during a 32-week observation period.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:327–335.]
Estimation of left atrial appendage wall motion velocity in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and its effect on thrombotic risk
Authors: Yousof Waleed , Abdelghafar Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

Background and aim
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and accounts for one-third of hospitalizations for rhythm disorders in the United States. This increasing burden of AF leads to a higher incidence of stroke.

Aim
The aim of the study is to assess the risk of thrombogenesis in patients with persistent nonvalvular AF by using transthoracic echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiogram, and tissue Doppler imaging in relation to the risk of thromboembolism (CHA2DS2-VAS score).

Patients and methods
Selected 50 patients with persistent AF were included. All patients underwent echocardiography assessment at the echocardiography unit.

Results
Regarding spontaneous echocardiography contrast, there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups. Regarding left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus, there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups. Regarding left atial appendage flow velosity (LAAFV), there was an extremely statistically significant difference among the three groups. Regarding left atrial appendage wall velosity (LAAWV) by transthoracic echocardiogram, there was an extremely statistically significant difference among the three groups. Regarding LAAWV by transesophageal echocardiogram, there was an extremely statistically significant difference among the three groups.

Conclusion
Patients with clinical predictors of high risk included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score were associated with increased incidence of thrombus in the LAA. In patients with nonvalvular AF, the CHA2DS2-VASc score is recommended for assessment of stroke risk. There was a correlation between the development of thromboembolic events and high-risk CHA2DS2-VASc score, as high scores indicate increased thrombogenicity.
The use of USB endoscope (Borescope) as an educational tool and a guide for tracheal intubation − a preliminary report
Authors: Ahmad Sabry Mohammad Hazem I. , Aboughazy Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2021

Background
In spite of the presence of multiple video laryngoscopes in the market, financial restrains are present that prevent its routine use in many practices.

Methods
The endoscope USB camera was inserted alongside with a stylet in a conventional endotracheal tube which could be inserted orally keeping it in midline (7 or 7.5 cuffed oral endotracheal tube), and sterile k-y gel was used to facilitate the insertion of the stylet and/or the borescope. This was used for 25 oral intubations in manikin and oral intubation in 10 patients.

Results
Oral intubation trials on manikin were done by 25 physicians after their completion of airway course as its last session. All were anesthesiologists except one emergency room physician. A total of 14 (56%) physicians were successful to orally intubate the manikin in the first attempt. Moreover, 10 (40%) physicians were successful to orally intubate the manikin in the second attempt with verbal guidance, except one who needed manual assistance, and one physician was successful to orally intubate the manikin in the third attempt with verbal assistance. The intubated 10 patients were all of Mallampati 1 or 2, where seven were intubated on the first attempt, two on the second attempt, and one failed.

Conclusion
Borescope can be used as a cheap option for airway management and its training. Randomized studies need to be done for its evaluation compared with other video laryngoscopy devices.
Tree densities in sparse graph classes
Authors: Huynh Tony , Wood David R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat is the maximum number of copies of a fixed forestTin ann-vertex graph in a graph class$\mathcal {G}$as$n\to \infty $? We answer this question for a variety of sparse graph classes$\mathcal {G}$. In particular, we show that the answer is$\Theta (n^{\alpha _{d}(T)})$where$\alpha _{d}(T)$is the size of the largest stable set in the subforest ofTinduced by the vertices of degree at mostd, for some integerdthat depends on$\mathcal {G}$. For example, when$\mathcal {G}$is the class ofk-degenerate graphs then$d=k$; when$\mathcal {G}$is the class of graphs containing no$K_{s,t}$-minor ($t\geqslant s$) then$d=s-1$; and when$\mathcal {G}$is the class ofk-planar graphs then$d=2$. All these results are in fact consequences of a single lemma in terms of a finite set of excluded subgraphs.
An elliptic curve analogue of Pillai’s lower bound on primitive roots
Authors: Jin Steven , Washington Lawrence C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet
$E/\mathbb {Q}$
be an elliptic curve. For a prime p of good reduction, let
$r(E,p)$
be the smallest non-negative integer that gives the x-coordinate of a point of maximal order in the group
$E(\mathbb {F}_p)$
. We prove unconditionally that
$r(E,p)> 0.72\log \log p$
for infinitely many p, and
$r(E,p)> 0.36 \log p$
under the assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. These can be viewed as elliptic curve analogues of classical lower bounds on the least primitive root of a prime.
Impact of the educational technology use in undergraduate pharmacy teaching and learning – A systematic review
Authors: Lee Chooi Yeng , Lee Shaun Wen Huey 
Published: June 2021

Background: Educational technology has been increasingly used in recent years in pharmacy education. Its benefit on teaching and learning as well as its intention of use should be determined.
Aims: To understand the technological approaches used in pharmacy education, and the impact of each approach on teaching and learning.
Method: Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ERIC) were searched to identify studies that described the use of technology in undergraduate pharmacy teaching and learning.
Results: Thirty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the studies (59%) used simulation technologies adopting a situated learning approach to complement or enhance teaching and learning. Most of the studies reported change in two or more concepts of the Kirkpatrick’s model, namely Reaction, Learning, and Behaviour, indicating improvement in learning experience, engagement, and performance.
Conclusion: Educational technology with design features aligned with effective pedagogical theories seemed more likely to produce positive student outcomes.