bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuances of Olfactory Groove Meningioma Surgery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mooney Michael A , Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Olfactory groove meningiomas frequently present as large or giant-size tumors associated with marked frontal lobe edema and significant frontal lobe dysfunction. Simpson grade I removal was rare in early reports due to their invasion of the ethmoid sinuses and skull base bone,
1
which resulted in high recurrence rates.
2,3
Indeed, recurrence occurred in the most celebrated case of olfactory groove meningioma.
4,5

To achieve Simpson grade I removal (tumor, dura, bone), protect the frontal lobes from additional injury, and provide the best chance for recovery, we demonstrate a few nuances for olfactory groove meningioma surgery: Utilizing a skull base approach with a low dural opening, the frontal veins are preserved, and the frontal lobe is protected from retraction, manipulation, and venous injury. By the time of diagnosis, although the patient's olfaction is often absent, there still remains a role to preserve at least 1 olfactory tract, which might yield some preservation in a limited number of patients. Emphasis has been rightly made on the preservation of the A2 segments, which can be dissected using microsurgical technique. Lastly, multilayer reconstruction of the skull base is required, using an inlay graft, resting on a vascularized pericranial flap, and occlusion of the sinuses with a fat graft. The endonasal endoscopic approach has fallen out of favor due to limitations for complete tumor resection and higher complication rates.
6

We present a case of a relatively small olfactory groove meningioma in a 36-yr-old male with partial olfactory loss. The patient consented for surgery.
Images at 2:07, 2:29, and 2:54 from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas, © LWW, 1997, with permission. Image at 8:31 public domain by age.
Defects in meiotic chromosome segregation lead to unreduced male gametes in Arabidopsis SMC5/6 complex mutants
Authors: Yang Fen , Fernández-Jiménez Nadia , Tučková Martina , Vrána Jan , Cápal Petr , Díaz Mariana , Pradillo Mónica , Pecinka Ales 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosome 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex is a crucial factor for preserving genome stability. Here, we show that mutants for several Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SMC5/6 complex subunits produce triploid offspring. This phenotype is caused by a meiotic defect leading to the production of unreduced male gametes. The SMC5/6 complex mutants show an absence of chromosome segregation during the first and/or the second meiotic division, as well as a partially disorganized microtubule network. Importantly, although the SMC5/6 complex is partly required for the repair of SPO11-induced DNA double-strand breaks, the nonreduction described here is SPO11-independent. The measured high rate of ovule abortion suggests that, if produced, such defects are maternally lethal. Upon fertilization with an unreduced pollen, the unbalanced maternal and paternal genome dosage in the endosperm most likely causes seed abortion observed in several SMC5/6 complex mutants. In conclusion, we describe the function of the SMC5/6 complex in the maintenance of gametophytic ploidy in Arabidopsis.
Safeguarding Children: Early Trends of a Police School-Based Intervention Programme
Authors: Halford Eric , Davies Amanda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As communities and law enforcement officers across the globe grapple with the ever-increasing spread of cyber-crime combined with child sexual exploitation a myriad of strategies are emerging to combat the escalating crimes. This paper presents the development, implementation, and results of an educational intervention strategy applied by Lancashire Police. The strategy underpinned by comprehensive research of existing factors in the Lancashire community and determining an intervention to target the potential victim demographic culminated in a school-based education programme. The results of the pilot programme revealed positive early trends in self-assessed increased knowledge of potential risks, potential positive improvements in reducing the vulnerability of children, increase in avoidance mechanisms, and increasing personal safety. For the wider policing and general community, the intervention model is replicable and offers an additional tool to build the immunity of the most vulnerable victims, children in the global fight against arguably one of the most inhumane criminal activities.
The effect of collagen hydrogels on chondrocyte behaviors through restricting the contraction of cell/hydrogel constructs
Authors: Dong Longpeng , Liu Qingli , Gao Yongli , Jia Hengxing , Dai Wenling , Guo Likun , Fan Hongsong , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Collagen is a promising material for tissue engineering, but the poor mechanical properties of collagen hydrogels, which tend to cause contraction under the action of cellular activity, make its application challengeable. In this study, the amino group of type I collagen (Col I) was modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA) and the photo-crosslinkable methacrylate anhydride modified type I collagen (CM) with three different degrees of substitution (DS) was prepared. The physical properties of CM and Col I hydrogels were tested, including micromorphology, mechanical properties and degradation properties. The results showed that the storage modulus and degradation rate of hydrogels could be adjusted by changing the DS of CM. In vitro, chondrocytes were seeded into these four groups of hydrogels and subjected to fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test, histological staining and cartilage-related gene expression analysis. In vivo, these hydrogels encapsulating chondrocytes were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, then histological staining and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG)/DNA assays were performed. The results demonstrated that contraction of hydrogels affected behaviors of chondrocytes, and CM hydrogels with suitable DS could resist contraction of hydrogels and promote the secretion of cartilage-specific matrix in vitro and in vivo.
Does the inclusion of non-academic reviewers make any difference for grant impact panels?
Authors: Luo Junwen , Ma Lai , Shankar Kalpana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Broader impact of scientific research beyond academia has become increasingly important in research evaluation. To evaluate broader impact of research proposals, some funding agencies compose mixed panels that include peer experts and non-academic stakeholders. Whether and how non-academic reviewers bring any difference to panel discussions has been understudied. We analysed 164 review reports (2014–6) from the Investigators Programme (funding Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields) at Science Foundation Ireland, where two types of panels, with and without non-academics, were composed for impact assessments. We find that the mixed panel reviews were longer and touched upon broader and more concrete impact topics. Also, mixed panels commented on causality and attribution of impact towards characteristics of applicants and research process more than scientific excellence. A survey of the same reviewer pool supplements our understanding of the pros and cons of the inclusion of non-academic reviewers. We discuss some policy recommendations for funding agencies to organise review panels.
A novel career development course for animal science students pursuing veterinary college admissions
Authors: Trivedi Shweta , Clark Jessica C , Deprospero Dylan , Royal Kenneth , See Miles Todd 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A one-credit hour, elective, professional development course was created at North Carolina State University to introduce pre-veterinary track students to the admissions process and the breadth of the veterinary profession. The course was designed to facilitate career exploration while building self-efficacy through vicarious learning, interacting with speakers in various veterinary subfields, and addressing misperceptions about veterinary admissions. To evaluate the student learning objectives and improve upon the current practices of the course, data from two pretest and posttest course surveys for 235 course participants between Spring 2014 and 2017 were analyzed. The results of the study showed that students experienced significant gains in self-appraisal (Cohen’s d ranged 1.88 to 2.53), gathering occupational information (Cohen’s d ranged 1.59 to 2.53), goal selection (Cohen’s d ranged 2.14 to 2.53), and planning and problem-solving (Cohen’s d ranged 1.88 to 2.77) as well as experienced a decrease in five misperceptions about veterinary admissions. This novel course is presented as a prospective course for other universities.
Ethical implications of next-generation sequencing and the future of newborn screening
Authors: White-Corey Shelley , Peck Jessica L. , Pérez Rosa I. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Over the last 50 years, routine newborn blood screening for congenital disorders has been hailed as a miracle of modern science, saving countless lives by providing a means to detect and treat life-threatening disorders before symptoms present. Despite progress made with more than 5,000 babies effectively identified with rare conditions each year, congenital anomalies collectively remain at the top of the list as the cause of death for babies under 1 year of age, accounting for more than 20% of all infant mortalities. Rapid technological advances have seen the original singular newborn screen for phenylketonuria expand to a core set of 34 conditions and an additional 26 secondary conditions on the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel, with wide state-to-state variation for implementation. As genomic analysis evolves to enable next-generation sequencing, debates continue over the ethical, legal, and social implications of identifying conditions for which there is no effective treatment. Nurse practitioners should be engaged and informed in providing evidence-based support to families engaging in ethical complex decision making surrounding newborn screening while effectively balancing risk–benefit analysis with individual beliefs and values.
Towards a general model for predicting minimal metal concentrations co-selecting for antibiotic resistance plasmids
Authors: Arya Sankalp , Williams Alexander , Reina Saul Vazquez , Knapp Charles W. , Kreft Jan-Ulrich , Hobman Jon L. , Stekel Dov J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany antibiotic resistance genes co-occur with resistance genes for transition metals, such as copper, zinc, or mercury. In some environments, a positive correlation between high metal concentration and high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes has been observed, suggesting co-selection due to metal presence. Of particular concern is the use of copper and zinc in animal husbandry, leading to potential co-selection for antibiotic resistance in animal gut microbiomes, slurry, manure, or amended soils. For antibiotics, predicted no effect concentrations have been derived from laboratory measured minimum inhibitory concentrations and some minimal selective concentrations have been investigated in environmental settings. However, minimal co-selection concentrations for metals are difficult to identify. Here, we use mathematical modelling to provide a general mechanistic framework to predict minimal co-selective concentrations for metals, given knowledge of their toxicity at different concentrations. We apply the method to copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and silver (Ag), predicting their minimum co-selective concentrations in mg/L (Cu: 5.5, Zn: 1.6, Hg: 0.0156, Pb: 21.5, Ag: 0.152). To exemplify use of these thresholds, we consider metal concentrations from slurry and slurry-amended soil from a UK dairy farm that uses copper and zinc as additives for feed and antimicrobial footbath: the slurry is predicted to be co-selective, but not the slurry-amended soil. This modelling framework could be used as the basis for defining standards to mitigate risks of antimicrobial resistance applicable to a wide range of environments, including manure, slurry and other waste streams.
Rapid generation of homozygous fluorescent knock-in human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and validation by automated imaging and digital PCR screening
Authors: Kueblbeck Moritz , Callegari Andrea , Serrano-Solano Beatriz , Ellenberg Jan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe have previously described a protocol for genome engineering of mammalian cultured cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9 to generate homozygous knock-ins of fluorescent tags into endogenous genes1. Here, we are updating this protocol to reflect major improvements in the workflow regarding efficiency and throughput. In brief, we have improved our method by combining high efficiency electroporation of optimized CRISPR/Cas9 reagents, screening of single cell derived clones by automated bright field and fluorescence imaging, rapidly assessing the number of tagged alleles and potential off-targets using digital PCR (dPCR) and automated data analysis. Compared to the original protocol1, our current procedure (i) significantly increases the efficiency of tag integration, (ii) automates the identification of clones derived from single cells with correct subcellular localization of the tagged protein and (iii) provides a quantitative and high throughput assay to measure the number of on- and off-target integrations with dPCR. The increased efficiency of the new procedure reduces the number of clones that need to be analysed in- depth by more than ten-fold, and yields up to 20% of homozygous clones in polyploid cancer cell lines in a single genome engineering round. Overall, we were able to dramatically reduce the hands-on time from 30 days to 10 days during the overall ∼10 weeks procedure, allowing a single person to process up to 5 genes in parallel, assuming that validated reagents – e.g. PCR-primers, dPCR-assays, Western Blot antibodies – are available.
Side Effects and Perceptions Following Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Saeed Balsam Qubais , Al-Shahrabi Rula , Alhaj Shaikha Salah , Alkokhardi Zainab Mansour , Adrees Ahmed Omar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVaccines are one of the best interventions developed for eradicating COVID-19, the rapid creation of vaccinations was increased the risk of vaccine safety problems. The aim of this study to provide evidence on Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine side effects which is approved by the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsA cross-sectional survey study was conducted between January and April 2021 to collect data on the effects of COVID-19 vaccine among individuals in the UAE. Demographic data, chronic conditions, side effects of the 1st and 2nd dose toward the vaccination, and the response of unwilling taking COVID-19 vaccine were reported.ResultsThe most common side effects of post 1st dose vaccination among participants (≤49 years old vs >49 years) were normal injection site pain 42.2%, fatigue 12.2%, and headache 9.6%, while pain at the vaccination site 32.6%, fatigue16.3%, lethargy13.7%, headache10%, and tenderness 10% were the most side effects of the post 2nd dose of vaccination in both groups. All the side effects in both doses were more prevalent among the participants ≤ 49-year-old group.Among two groups (females vs males), the study revealed the increase in the number of females that suffered from the vaccine side effects compared with males in both doses. The most prevalence adverse reactions of first dose in (female’s vs males) were fatigue (15.8% vs 3.75%), lethargy (12.6% vs 1.25%), headache (10.5% vs 7.5%), while in 2nd dose were fatigue (20% vs 7.5%), sever injection site pain (10.5% vs 2.5%). The most common reason of not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine among the participants were the vaccines are not effective, and the participants were not authorized to take vaccine.ConclusionThe 1st and 2nd dose post-vaccination side effects were mild, predictable, and there were no hospitalization cases, this data will help to reduce the vaccine hesitancy.
Optogenetic tools for public goods control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Morales Neydis Moreno , Patel Michael T. , Stewart Cameron J. , Sweeney Kieran , McClean Megan N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms live in dense and diverse communities, with interactions between cells guiding community development and phenotype. The ability to perturb specific intercellular interactions in space and time provides a powerful route to determining the critical interactions and design rules for microbial communities. Approaches using optogenetic tools to modulate these interactions offer promise, as light can be exquisitely controlled in space and time. We report new plasmids for rapid integration of an optogenetic system into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to engineer light-control of expression of a gene of interest. In a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the ability to control a model cooperative interaction, namely the expression of the enzyme invertase (SUC2) which allows S. cerevisiae to hydrolyze sucrose and utilize it as a carbon source. We demonstrate that the strength of this cooperative interaction can be tuned in space and time by modulating light intensity and through spatial control of illumination. Spatial control of light allows cooperators and cheaters to be spatially segregated, and we show that the interplay between cooperative and inhibitory interactions in space can lead to pattern formation. Our strategy can be applied to achieve spatiotemporal control of expression of a gene of interest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to perturb both intercellular and interspecies interactions.ImportanceRecent advances in microbial ecology have highlighted the importance of intercellular interactions in controlling the development, composition and resilience of microbial communities. In order to better understand the role of these interactions in governing community development it is critical to be able to alter them in a controlled manner. Optogenetically-controlled interactions offer advantages over static perturbations or chemically-controlled interactions as light can be manipulated in space and time and doesn’t require the addition of nutrients or antibiotics. Here we report a system for rapidly achieving light-control of a gene of interest in the important model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrate that by controlling expression of the enzyme invertase we can control cooperative interactions. This approach will be useful for understanding intercellular and interspecies interactions in natural and synthetic microbial consortia containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and serves as a proof-of-principle for implementing this approach in other consortia.
FGF21 defines a potential cardio-hepatic signaling circuit in human heart failure
Authors: Sommakia Salah , Almaw Naredos H. , Lee Sandra H. , Ramadurai Dinesh K. A. , Taleb Iosef , Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Stubben Chris J. , Ling Jing , Campbell Robert A. , Alharethi Rami A. , Caine William T. , Navankasattusas Sutip , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Abraham Anu E. , Fang James C. , Selzman Craig H. , Drakos Stavros G. , Chaudhuri Dipayan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundExtrinsic control of cardiac contractility and ultrastructure via neurohormonal signaling is well established, but how other organs regulate cardiomyocyte metabolism is less well understood. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) a hormonal regulator of metabolism mainly produced in the liver and adipose tissue, is a prime candidate for such signaling.MethodsTo investigate this further, we examined blood and tissue obtained from human subjects with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, and correlated serum FGF21 levels with cardiac gene expression, immunohistochemistry, and clinical parameters.ResultsCirculating FGF21 levels were substantially elevated in HFrEF, compared to healthy subjects (HFrEF: 834.4 ± 101.8 pg/mL, n = 40; controls: 145.9 ± 28.6 pg/mL, n = 20, p = 5.5 × 10−8). There was clear FGF21 staining in diseased cardiomyocytes, and circulating FGF21 levels negatively correlated with the expression of cardiac genes involved in ketone metabolism, consistent with cardiac FGF21 signaling. FGF21 gene expression was low in failing and non-failing hearts, suggesting at least partial extracardiac production of the circulating hormone. Circulating FGF21 levels were correlated with BNP and total bilirubin, markers of chronic cardiac and hepatic congestion.ConclusionsCirculating FGF21 levels are elevated in HFrEF. The liver is likely the main extracardiac source, and congestive hepatopathy, common in HFrEF, was likely the proximate signal leading to FGF21 elevations. This supports a model of venous congestion from cardiomyopathy driving hepatic FGF21 communication to diseased cardiomyocytes, defining a potential cardio-hepatic signaling circuit in human heart failure.
Clonally expanded virus-specific CD8 T cells acquire diverse transcriptional phenotypes during acute, chronic, and latent infections
Authors: Kuhn Raphael , Sandu Ioana , Agrafiotis Andreas , Hong Kai-Lin , Neumeier Daniel , Merkler Doron , Oxenius Annette , Reddy Sai T. , Yermanos Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the control and resolution of viral infections and can adopt a wide range of phenotypes and effector functions depending on the inflammatory context and the duration and extent of antigen exposure. Similarly, viral infections can exert diverse selective pressures on populations of clonally related T cells. Technical limitations have nevertheless made it challenging to investigate the relationship between clonal selection and transcriptional phenotypes of virus-specific T cells. We therefore performed single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and transcriptome sequencing of virus-specific CD8 T cells in murine models of acute, chronic and latent infection. We observed clear infection-specific populations corresponding to memory, effector, exhausted, and inflationary phenotypes. We further uncovered a mouse-specific and polyclonal T cell response, despite all T cells sharing specificity to a single viral epitope, which was accompanied by stereotypic TCR germline gene usage in all three infection types. Persistent antigen exposure during chronic and latent viral infections resulted in a higher proportion of clonally expanded T cells relative to acute infection. We furthermore observed a relationship between transcriptional heterogeneity and clonal expansion for all three infections, with highly expanded clones having distinct transcriptional phenotypes relative to lowly expanded clones. Finally, we developed and utilized a bioinformatic pipeline integrating pseudotime and clonality, termed Clonotyme, to further support a model in which expanded virus-specific CD8+ T cells adopt heterogenic, yet preferentially, effector-like phenotypes. Together our work relates clonal selection to gene expression in the context of viral infection and further provides a dataset and accompanying software for the immunological community.