bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate predicts both visible and near‐infrared reflectance in butterflies
Authors: Kang Changku , Im Sehyeok , Lee Won Young , Choi Yunji , Stuart‐Fox Devi , Huertas Blanca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimatic gradients frequently predict large‐scale ecogeographical patterns in animal coloration, but the underlying causes are often difficult to disentangle. We examined ecogeographical patterns of reflectance among 343 European butterfly species and isolated the role of selection for thermal benefits by comparing animal‐visible and near‐infrared (NIR) wavebands. NIR light accounts for ~50% of solar energy but cannot be seen by animals so functions primarily in thermal control. We found that reflectance of both dorsal and ventral surfaces shows thermally adaptive correlations with climatic factors including temperature and precipitation. This adaptive variation was more prominent in NIR than animal‐visible wavebands and for body regions (thorax‐abdomen and basal wings) that are most important for thermoregulation. Thermal environments also predicted the reflectance difference between dorsal and ventral surfaces, which may be due to modulation between requirements for heating and cooling. These results highlight the importance of climatic gradients in shaping the reflectance properties of butterflies at a continent‐wide scale.
Mammalian herbivores restrict the altitudinal range limits of alpine plants
Authors: Lynn Joshua S. , Miller Tom E. X. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough rarely experimentally tested, biotic interactions have long been hypothesised to limit low‐elevation range boundaries of species. We tested the effects of herbivory on three alpine‐restricted plant species by transplanting plants below (novel), at the edge (limit), or in the centre (core) of their current elevational range and factorially fencing‐out above‐ and belowground mammals. Herbivore damage was greater in range limit and novel habitats than in range cores. Exclosures increased plant biomass and reproduction more in novel habitats than in range cores, suggesting demographic costs of novel interactions with herbivores. We then used demographic models to project population growth rates, which increased 5–20% more under herbivore exclosure at range limit and novel sites than in core habitats. Our results identify mammalian herbivores as key drivers of the low‐elevation range limits of alpine plants and indicate that upward encroachment of herbivores could trigger local extinctions by depressing plant population growth.
Family challenges experienced by women with serious mental illness
Authors: Mizock Lauren , Salmonsen Jessica , Smith Shaneika 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe present qualitative, grounded theory study was conducted with 20 women with serious mental illness (SMI) to better understand these familial relationships and experiences from their gender and mental health identities.BackgroundResearch suggests that women with SMI face unique challenges in their relationships with family. However, much of the literature in this area has focused on the experiences of family caregivers or the motherhood role rather than their general experiences with family.MethodsTwenty women with SMI took part in this qualitative study, which utilized grounded theory methodology to develop theory from the data collected.ResultsSeveral themes were identified, including disacknowledge (family members' avoidance or denial of mental health symptoms of women with SMI), under‐expectations (family members' underestimations of the abilities of women with SMI), over‐expectations (family members' overestimations of the abilities of women with SMI), and role shift (changes in the family role of a woman who develops SMI).ConclusionWomen with SMI face a number of challenges in the family setting that can be uniquely gendered.ImplicationsClinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
Phytoplankton mortality in a changing thermal seascape
Authors: Baker Kirralee G. , Geider Richard J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPredicting spatiotemporal distributions of phytoplankton biomass and community composition heavily relies on experimental studies that document how environmental conditions influence population growth rates. In unicellular phytoplankton, the net population growth rate is the difference between the cell division rate and the death rate. Along with predation and disease, phytoplankton mortality arises from abiotic stress. Although the effect of temperature on the net population growth rate is well understood, studies examining thermally induced death rates in phytoplankton are scarce. We investigated how cell division and death rates of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum varied within its thermal tolerance limits (thermal niche), and at temperatures just above its upper thermal tolerance limit. We show that death rates were largely independent of temperature when P. tricornutum was grown within its thermal niche, but increased significantly at temperatures that approached or exceeded its upper thermal tolerance limit. Furthermore, the sensitivity of mortality increased with the duration of exposure to heat stress and was affected by the pre‐acclimation temperature. Heat waves can be expected to significantly affect phytoplankton mortality episodically. The increasing frequency of heat waves accompanying global warming can be expected to drive changes in phytoplankton community structure due to interspecific variability of thermal niches with potential implications for food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles.
Body size variation in polyplacophoran molluscs: Geographical clines and community structure along the south‐eastern Pacific
Authors: Ibáñez Christian M. , Carter Mauricio J. , Aguilera Moisés A. , Pardo‐Gandarillas M. Cecilia , Rezende Enrico L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the latitudinal pattern of body size within and among chiton species employing phylogenetically structured analyses and examine the role ofgeographical variation in temperature, productivity and oxygen availability as potential environmental drivers.LocationCoastal habitats of the south‐eastern Pacific along a latitudinal range of nearly 6,000 km, from the equator to Patagonia (c. 2° to 56° S).Time periodPresent (2011–2017).Major taxa studiedThirty‐one species of polyplacophoran molluscs.MethodsWe measured the body length of 6,162 individuals collected in 62 sites, and reconstructed the phylogeny of this group based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions. We combined this information with data of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll‐a concentration—as a proxy of primary productivity—and dissolved oxygen, and assessed which variables best explain the variation in size both within and among species employing phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) and a model comparison approach.Main conclusionsOur analyses show that body size increases consistently with latitude, both within and among species, following Bergmann’s rule. Variation in sea surface temperature along the latitudinal gradient provided a substantially better fit than chlorophyll‐a and dissolved oxygen. Our results support the temperature–size rule for this lineage and suggest that similar processes could underlie the emergence of intra‐ and interspecific gradients in body size of polyplacophorans. At the community level, chiton species richness was higher at intermediate latitudes and positively correlated with body size variation, suggesting that heterogeneity in size may reduce interspecific competition and contribute to species coexistence in this group. Overall, our study demonstrates that historical events, macroecological adaptive trends and local processes at the community level contribute to the distribution and size variation of polyplacophoran species throughout the south‐eastern Pacific.
Stromal composition predicts recurrence of early rectal cancer after local excision
Authors: Jones Helen J S , Cunningham Chris , Askautrud Hanne A , Danielsen Håvard E , Kerr David J , Domingo Enric , Maughan Tim , Leedham Simon J , Koelzer Viktor H 
Published: June 2021

AimsAfter local excision of early rectal cancer, definitive lymph node status is not available. An alternative means for accurate assessment of recurrence risk is required to determine the most appropriate subsequent management. Currently used measures are suboptimal. We assess three measures of tumour stromal content to determine their predictive value after local excision in a well‐characterised cohort of rectal cancer patients without prior radiotherapy.Methods and resultsA total of 143 patients were included. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections were scanned for (i) deep neural network (DNN, a machine‐learning algorithm) tumour segmentation into compartments including desmoplastic stroma and inflamed stroma; and (ii) digital assessment of tumour stromal fraction (TSR) and optical DNA ploidy analysis. 3′ mRNA sequencing was performed to obtain gene expression data from which stromal and immune scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE method. Full results were available for 139 samples and compared with disease‐free survival. All three methods were prognostic. Most strongly predictive was a DNN‐determined ratio of desmoplastic to inflamed stroma >5.41 (P < 0.0001). A ratio of ESTIMATE stromal to immune score <1.19 was also predictive of disease‐free survival (P = 0.00051), as was stromal fraction >36.5% (P = 0.037).ConclusionsThe DNN‐determined ratio of desmoplastic to inflamed ratio is a novel and powerful predictor of disease recurrence in locally excised early rectal cancer. It can be assessed on a single H&E section, so could be applied in routine clinical practice to improve the prognostic information available to patients and clinicians to inform the decision concerning further management.
Forty‐five years of International Journal of Consumer Studies: A bibliometric review and directions for future research
Authors: Paul Justin , Bhukya Ramulu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe International Journal of Consumer Studies (IJCS) is a distinguished 45‐year‐old peer‐reviewed international journal in the field of multidisciplinary consumer research. This paper takes stock of the work published since 1977 (n = 2088) and examines the impact of published research by applying network analysis technique using VOSviewer. In particular, it examines the overall citations received, the most cited papers and authors and their contributions to the field of consumer research. The advancement of research in the field of consumer research is discussed and directions for future research is provided to undertake novel research.
Social media and luxury: A systematic literature review
Authors: Creevey Dean , Coughlan Joseph , O'Connor Christina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLuxury, historically an exclusive, rare and elitist phenomenon, is changing. This is predominantly driven by technological developments, particularly social media, and the rising level of consumer empowerment in the marketplace. A maturing stream of research has emerged assessing the effects of social media platforms on luxury brands, offerings and consumers. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of this extant literature synthesizing the current state of knowledge and postulating future research directions. This paper addresses this gap by utilizing a systematic literature review approach. A total of 115 articles were collected and analysed and five core themes were identified, examining (1) luxury brand strategy, (2) luxury brand social media communications, (3) luxury consumer attitudes and perceptions, (4) engagement and (5) social media's influence on brand performance‐related outcomes. These themes are comprehensively explored to understand the myriad impacts of social media on luxury businesses before conceptualizing the themes as a holistic framework explaining social media's role within luxury. The framework developed highlights the fragmented yet progressive nature of research on the confluence of social media and luxury, and signals fruitful avenues for further inquiry. It is proposed that scholarly attention is directed towards multiple lines of inquiry, including social media's role in luxury brand construction online, social media's role in facilitating ‘moments of luxury’, younger consumers’ luxury consumption, as well as the integration of both future innovative technological developments and novel social media platforms within luxury branding.
Pour une plus large diffusion de la négociation collective: le rôle de l'extension
Authors: HAYTER Susan , VISSER Jelle 
Published: June 2021

RésuméLes auteurs utilisent des données sur la couverture conventionnelle dans 80 pays pour évaluer l'apport des mécanismes d'extension des conventions collectives en tant que moyen d'instaurer des normes sociales et des conditions d'emploi minimales. Ce mode de réglementation, qui dépend des autorités publiques, a pour spécificité de reposer sur des compromis négociés par des organisations indépendantes, autonomes et représentatives. Il présente de ce fait certains avantages du contrat, en plus des caractéristiques des textes de loi. Particulièrement souple et adaptable, il permet de couvrir des travailleurs vulnérables, qui seraient privés de protection autrement.
Le bien‐être des travailleuses issues des migrations internes dans les ateliers de confection au Myanmar: perceptions et expériences
Authors: NGUYEN Hanh 
Published: June 2021

RésuméL'autrice s'intéresse au bien‐être matériel et non matériel, réel et perçu, des travailleuses issues des migrations internes employées dans des secteurs peu qualifiés, à forte intensité de main‐d'œuvre. Elle reprend l'approche par les capabilités d'Amartya Sen et affirme que l'absence d'autonomie individuelle et collective nuit au bien‐être sous ses différentes dimensions, en s'appuyant sur les données d'une enquête menée au Myanmar auprès de 249 travailleuses de la confection. Dans ce pays en transition sur le plan socio‐économique, au marché du travail asymétrique et au système de protection sociale embryonnaire, l'autrice plaide pour des politiques de l'emploi axées sur l'autonomisation des travailleurs les plus vulnérables.
La flexibilidad laboral en las manufacturas de la India. Un análisis bibliográfico crítico
Authors: BHATTACHARJEA Aditya 
Published: June 2021

ResumenEl autor analiza las principales conclusiones de la profusa bibliografía sobre la relación entre la reglamentación laboral supuestamente «restrictiva» de la India y los malos resultados industriales y laborales, revelando múltiples errores de concepción e interpretación de los índices elaborados para medir el efecto de las diferencias entre estados en cuanto a reglamentación laboral. Detecta también problemas econométricos y deficiencias en los análisis con índices corregidos y actualizados. En conclusión, la bibliografía relativa a la relación entre reglamentación laboral y resultados económicos en la India no ofrece garantías suficientes como para ser tenida en cuenta en la elaboración de políticas.
Libertad en el trabajo, a través del trabajo y frente al trabajo. Un replanteamiento de los derechos laborales
Authors: BUENO Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

Resumen¿En qué medida los derechos laborales promueven las libertades en relación con el trabajo? El autor define metodológicamente tres: libertad en el trabajo, a través del trabajo y frente al trabajo. No obstante enfoques de derecho laboral como el de no explotación, no dominación o de las capacidades, los derechos laborales fundamentales siguen pensados para proteger a trabajadores y trabajadoras en el mercado laboral, no para ampliar sus libertades, y aún menos la libertad frente al trabajo. El autor concluye que para ampliar las libertades en, a través y frente al trabajo no se necesitan menos derechos laborales fundamentales, sino añadir otros nuevos, cuya formulación propone.
ROSES‐S: Statement from the World Health Organization on the reporting of seroepidemiologic studies for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors:   World Health Organization Seroepidemiology Technical Working Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractWell‐designed population‐based seroepidemiologic studies can be used to refine estimates of infection severity and transmission, and are therefore an important component of epidemic surveillance. However, the interpretation of the results of seroepidemiologic studies for SARS‐CoV‐2 has been hampered to date principally by heterogeneity in the quality of the reporting of the results of the study and a lack of standardized methods and reporting. We provide here the ROSES‐S: Reporting of Seroepidemiologic studies—SARS‐CoV‐2. This is an updated checklist of 22 items that should be included in the reporting of all SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiologic studies, irrespective of study design.
Hybrid effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and basalt fibers on microwave absorption of cement composites with fly ash
Authors: Xu Shilang , Shen Yinong , Li Qinghua , Liu Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and basalt fibers have been overlooked in the microwave absorption enhancement due to their low electromagnetic parameters. In this study, we examined the hybrid effects of PVA and basalt fibers on the microwave absorption of cement composites with high‐volume fly ash. The mechanisms of the enhanced absorption were explored by investigating microstructures, phase compositions, and chemical bonds. It was found that reflection loss is significantly enhanced with variation in fiber proportion. Also, the fibers affect the dielectric properties using the Debye relaxation. In addition, in this paper, the relationship between the microstructure and electromagnetic parameters is established. It was also found that, in cement composites with high‐volume fly ash, the hybrid effects of PVA and basalt fibers can improve the polymerization of the C–A–S–H gel, which influences these cement composites’ microstructures, and in turn, their Debye relaxation.
Increasing referrals to emergency department for psychiatric consultation and treatment among 50,056 adolescents and young adults: Predictors and implications
Authors: Solmi Marco , Della Rocca Foscarina , Granziol Umberto , Favaro Angela , Zoleo Miranda , Cremonese Carla 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify predictors and time trends over 10 years of psychiatric consultation or treatment in adolescents and young adults referring to Emergency Department (ED).MethodsReal‐world cohort data from 50,056 adolescents and young adults referring 105,596 times to ED between 2007 and 2016. We tested whether gender, age, triage code (red, yellow, green, white with decreasing severity), and referral modality predicted primary (psychiatric consultation) or secondary outcomes (anxiolytic treatment, sedative treatment, psychiatric admission), and whether these outcomes increased over the last 10 years.ResultsMean age was 19.57(SD = 2.52), female percentage was 48.77%. Overall, 6.93% underwent psychiatric consultation, treatment, or admission. Among 2,547 adolescents and young adults undergoing a psychiatric consultation, 58.07% had either yellow or red triage code, and 47.2% were brought by ambulance. Female gender predicted psychiatric consultation and anxiolytic treatment, male gender predicted sedative treatment, suggesting gender differences in help‐seeking behaviors. Older age predicted all outcomes. Severe triage presentation and being brought by ambulance increased the risk of primary and secondary outcomes. Psychiatric consultation (1.77% to 3.64%), anxiolytic (3.04% to 6.15%), or admission (0.40% to 0.98%) roughly doubled, and sedative (0.27% to 1.23%) treatment had a four‐fold increase from 2007 to 2016.ConclusionsAmong adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years old ED appears to be necessary for young help‐seeking subjects given the severe presentations and the increasing number of adolescents referring to ED. More studies should assess whether ED might be helpful in detecting subjects with sub‐threshold or early psychiatric symptoms, or at risk for severe mental illness.
Changes in emotional problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems in moderate to late preterm children and adolescents born between 1958 and 2002 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter , Baumann Nicole , Trower Hayley , Brylka Asteria , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati , Kajantie Eero , Schnitzlein Daniel , Lemola Sakari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is a risk factor for the development of emotional and behavioural problems in childhood and adolescence. Given the substantial improvements in neonatal care across decades, it has been expected that the difference in emotional problems, hyperactivity, and conduct problems between moderate to late preterm (MLPT) and full term (FT) children and adolescents have declined in recent years.MethodsData from four UK population‐based studies were used: The National Child Development Study (NCDS; 1958), the British Cohort Study (BCS70; 1970), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, 1991–1992) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; 2000–2002). Emotional problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems were assessed with mother‐reports in early childhood (5–7 years), late childhood (10–11 years) and adolescence (14–16 years). Furthermore, emotional problems were self‐reported in adolescence in BCS70, ALSPAC and MCS.ResultsIn the most recent cohort, the MLPT group had higher mother‐reported emotional problems than those born FT in late childhood and adolescence, whereas there were no differences in self‐reported emotional problems in adolescence. Regarding mother‐reported hyperactivity symptoms, the MLPT group had higher scores than the FT group in the two most recent cohorts in late childhood and in the most recent cohort in adolescence. Regarding mother‐reported conduct problems, MLPT children had significantly higher scores than the FT children in the oldest and in the most recent cohort in late childhood. On the other hand, in adolescence, MLPT children had significantly lower scores in conduct problems in comparison to FT children in the cohort born in 1991–1992.ConclusionsMother‐reported emotional problems and hyperactivity symptoms of those born MLPT have increased from the birth years 1958 to 2000–2002 during late childhood and adolescence, whereas self‐reported emotional problems were similar in MLPT and FT groups during adolescence from 1970 to 2000–2002. Findings are less consistent regarding conduct problems. The current findings highlight the importance of raising the awareness of teachers about the association between MLPT birth and behavioural and emotional problems in late childhood and adolescence to prevent the long‐term negative outcomes associated with the sequalae of MLPT birth.