bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of animal experimental models in the research of schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Pengjie , Li Manling , Zhao Aizhen , Ma Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia is a relatively common but serious mental illness that results in a heavy burden to patients, their families, and society. The disease can be triggered by multiple factors, while the specific pathogenesis remains unclear. The development of effective therapeutic drugs for schizophrenia relies on a comprehensive understanding of the basic biology and pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, effective animal experimental models play a vital role in the study of schizophrenia. Based on different molecular mechanisms and modeling methods, the currently used experimental animal experimental models of schizophrenia can be divided into four categories that can better simulate the clinical symptoms and the interplay between susceptible genes and the environment: neurodevelopmental, drug‐induced, genetic‐engineering, and genetic‐environmental interaction of animal experimental models. Each of these categories contains multiple subtypes, which has its own advantages and disadvantages and therefore requires careful selection in a research application. The emergence and utilization of these models are promising in the prediction of the risk of schizophrenia at the molecular level, which will shed light on effective and targeted treatment at the genetic level.
Tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine Backbone for Highly Efficient Orange–Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with Completely Horizontal Molecular Orientation
Authors: Balijapalli Umamahesh , Lee Yi‐Ting , Karunathilaka Buddhika S. B. , Tumen‐Ulzii Ganbaatar , Auffray Morgan , Tsuchiya Youichi , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules, namely PQ1, PQ2, and PQ3, are composed of electron‐accepting (A) tetrabenzo[a,c]phenazine (TBPZ) and electron‐donating (D) phenoxazine (PXZ) units are designed and characterized. The combined effects of planar acceptor manipulation and high steric hindrance between D and A units endow high molecular rigidity that suppresses nonradiative decay of the excitons with improved photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Particularly, the well‐aligned excited states involving a singlet and a triplet charge‐transfer excited states and a localized excited triplet state in PQ3 enhances the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC) with a short delay lifetime (τd). The orange–red OLED based on PQ3 displays a maximum external EL quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.4 % with a well‐suppressed EL efficiency roll‐off owing to a completely horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment in the film state.
Transfer, Amplification, Storage, and Complete Self‐Recovery of Supramolecular Chirality in an Achiral Polymer System
Authors: Miao Tengfei , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Ma Haotian , He Zixiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupramolecular chirality and its complete self‐recovery ability are highly mystical in nature and biological systems, which remains a major challenge today. Herein, we demonstrate that partially cross‐linked azobenzene (Azo) units can be employed as the potential chiral trigger to fully heal the destroyed helical superstructure in achiral nematic polymer system. Combining the self‐assembly of Azo units and terminal hydroxyl groups in polymer side chains allows the vapor‐induced chiral nematic phase and covalent fixation of the superstructure via acetal reaction. The induced helical structure of Azo units can be stored by inter‐chain cross‐linking, even after removal of the chiral source. Most interestingly, the stored chiral information can trigger perfect chiral self‐recovery (CSR) behavior after being destroyed by UV light, heat, and solvents. The results pave a new way for producing novel chiroptical materials with reversible chirality from achiral sources.
Chemoselective γ‐Oxidation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Amides with TEMPO
Authors: Heindl Sebastian , Riomet Margaux , Matyasovsky Ján , Lemmerer Miran , Malzer Nicolas , Maulide Nuno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA chemoselective and robust protocol for the γ‐oxidation of β,γ‐unsaturated amides is reported. In this method, electrophilic amide activation, in a rare application to unsaturated amides, enables a regioselective reaction with TEMPO resulting in the title products. Radical cyclisation reactions and oxidation of the synthesised products highlight the synthetic utility of the products obtained.
Non‐Invasive Sweat‐Based Tracking of L‐Dopa Pharmacokinetic Profiles Following an Oral Tablet Administration
Authors: Moon Jong‐Min , Teymourian Hazhir , De la Paz Ernesto , Sempionatto Juliane R. , Mahato Kuldeep , Sonsa‐ard Thitaporn , Huang Nickey , Longardner Katherine , Litvan Irene , Wang Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLevodopa (L‐Dopa) is the “gold‐standard” medication for symptomatic therapy of Parkinson disease (PD). However, L‐Dopa long‐term use is associated with the development of motor and non‐motor complications, primarily due to its fluctuating plasma levels in combination with the disease progression. Herein, we present the first example of individualized therapeutic drug monitoring for subjects upon intake of standard L‐Dopa oral pill, centered on dynamic tracking of the drug concentration in naturally secreted fingertip sweat. The touch‐based non‐invasive detection method relies on instantaneous collection of fingertip sweat on a highly permeable hydrogel that transports the sweat to a biocatalytic tyrosinase‐modified electrode, where sweat L‐Dopa is measured by reduction of the dopaquinone enzymatic product. Personalized dose‐response relationship is demonstrated within a group of human subjects, along with close pharmacokinetic correlation between the finger touch‐based fingertip sweat and capillary blood samples.
The tyranny of phylogeny—A plea for a less dogmatic stance on two‐species comparisons
Authors: Goymann Wolfgang , Schwabl Hubert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhylogenetically controlled studies across multiple species correct for taxonomic confounds in physiological performance traits. Therefore, they are preferred over comparisons of two or few closely‐related species. Funding bodies, referees and journal editors nowadays often even reject to consider detailed comparisons of two or few closely related species. Here, we plea for a less dogmatic stance on such comparisons, because phylogenetic studies come with their own limitations similar in magnitude as those of two‐species comparisons. Two‐species comparisons are particularly relevant and instructive for understanding physiological pathways and de novo mutations in three contexts: in a purely mechanistic context, when differences in the regulation of a trait are the focus of investigation, when a physiological trait lacks a direct connection to fitness, and when physiological measures cannot easily be standardized among laboratories. In conclusion, phylogenetic comparative and two‐species studies have different strengths and weaknesses and combining these complementary approaches will help integrating biology.
Designing of emerald terbium (III) ions with β‐ketocarboxylic acid and heterocyclic ancillary ligands for biological and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Hooda Pooja , Taxak Vinod Bala , Malik Rajesh Kumar , Punia Monika , Ahlawat Pratibha , Khatkar Satyender Pal , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA green and highly efficient grinding method was adopted to synthesize emerald terbium complexes with 1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluro‐4‐oxo‐7‐piperazin‐1‐ylquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid as the main organic ligand and 2,2′‐bipyridyl, 1,10‐phenanthroline, neocuproine, 5,6‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and bathophenanthroline as ancillary ligands. Structural analysis of these complexes was executed via elemental, infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, which confirmed that the ligand coordinated to the metal ion through β‐ketone and hydroxyl groups of carboxylic acid. Thermal stability of these complexes was investigated by study of thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analysis. Photoluminescence properties were investigated by observing emission spectra (400–700 nm), excitation spectra (250–500 nm) and decay time curves for display devices. The emission spectra revealed that an intense peak at 545 nm was observed due to 5D4→7F5 electronic transition, which is responsible for the emerald colour in synthesized complexes, under 353 nm ultraviolet light excitation. The energy band gap and refractive index were determined, which proclaimed the dormant applications of these complexes in semiconductors. Commission Internationale de l'éclairage colour coordinates confirmed that the emerald emission of these complexes lies in the green region. Furthermore, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimalarial assays of these complexes were also investigated, which confirmed that these complexes are potent for antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimalarial activities.
Humanoid navigation: A firefly based approach
Authors: Kumar Priyadarshi B. , Parhi Dayal R. , Sethy Mukesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumanoid navigation has been the center of attraction among robotic researchers since many years by virtue of their increasing use in industrial automation and smart manufacturing. In the current research, a firefly based computer vision integrated navigational analysis has been performed on humanoid robots for smooth movement by negotiation with obstacles present in complicated terrains. Here, the logic of the firefly algorithm has been used to design the controller by careful consideration of the navigational parameters. A computer vision based method is integrated along with the developed controller to resolve some conflicting situations that may arise by encountering large sized obstacle or detection of an obstacle exactly in front of the robot where the robot becomes confused regarding the direction of turn. The developed navigational model has been tested in simulation environments by considering NAO robot as the humanoid platform. The simulation results are also verified through an experimental platform developed under research laboratory conditions. The data obtained from both the platforms are compared in terms of navigational parameters and are found to be in close proximity to each other. Finally, the developed navigational model is also authenticated against other existing models for validating better efficiency.
Methemoglobin‐Albumin Cluster Incorporating Protoporphyrin IX: Dual Functional Protein Drug for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yamada Taiga , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe describe the synthesis, photophysical properties, and photodynamic activity of a methemoglobin (metHb) wrapped covalently by human serum albumins (HSAs) incorporating protoporphyrin IX (PPIX): a metHb‐HSA3‐PPIX2 cluster. The metHb core catalyzes H2O2 disproportionation to generate O2 in tumor tissue. The HSA3‐PPIX2 shell acts as a photosensitizer for 1O2 formation. The metHb‐HSA3‐PPIX2 cluster acts as a dual functional protein drug for photodynamic therapy.
Drug‐induced immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia secondary to durvalumab use
Authors: Dougherty Sean C. , Lynch Alia C. , Hall Richard D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is an expanding area of cancer treatment with significant promise. Despite their efficacy, checkpoint inhibitors are associated with a number of immune‐related adverse events; here, we described thrombocytopenia secondary todurvalumab.
Enhanced Cyclic Stability of LiNi0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2 Cathodes by Surface Modification with BiPO4 for Applications in Rechargeable Lithium Polymer Batteries
Authors: Meghnani Dipika , Gupta Himani , Singh Shishir K. , Srivastava Nitin , Mishra Raghvendra , Tiwari Rupesh K. , Patel Anupam , Tiwari Anurag , Singh Rajendra K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effect of incorporating the ionic liquid (IL) N‐methyl‐N‐propyl piperidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (PP13FSI) to a polymer electrolyte (PE) based on the polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐ lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) [PEO+20 wt.% LiFSI] is investigated. The concentration of PP13FSI IL is varied from 10 to 40 wt.% in the PEO+20 wt.% LiFSI system and the influences of the ionic conductivity, thermal stability, diffusion coefficient, and electrochemical stability are studied. The 40 wt.% IL containing PE shows good thermal stability ∼210 °C and high ionic conductivity,
, at 40 °C with a wide electrochemical stability window ∼4.7 V vs. Li/Li+ and high
at 30 °C. Furthermore, the electronic conducting BiPO4 is coated on the LiNi0.815Co0.15Al0.035O2 (BiPO4@NCA) cathode by the liquid precipitation method. To investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the pristine and BiPO4@NCA cathodes, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DSC as well as the electrochemical method are employed. The XRD results reveal a hexagonal layered structure without any impurity phase in BiPO4@NCA. The TEM investigations show that the BiPO4 layer (∼10 nm) is homogeneously coated on the NCA particles. The electrochemical testing showed an improvement in the cyclic performance of BiPO4@NCA with a capacity retention 94.64 % after 150 cycles, which is 8 % greater than that of the pristine NCA.
RhIII‐Catalyzed C6‐Selective Oxidative C−H/C−H Crosscoupling of 2‐Pyridones with Thiophenes
Authors: Huang Gao , Shan Yujia , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C6‐selective dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of 2‐pyridones with thiophenes was developed for the synthesis of 6‐thiophenyl pyridin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives. In this reaction, the excellent site selectivity was controlled by the 2‐pyridyl directing group on the nitrogen of the pyridone ring. Control experiments indicated that the N‐pyridyl was essential for the transformation. To the best of our knowledge, this procedure is the first successful example of the direct C6 heteroarylation of 2‐pyridones with electron‐rich thiophene derivatives. 4‐Pyridone was also used as substrate to generate the corresponding C2 heteroarylated product. Moreover, this pyridyl directing group was readily removable to generate the biheteroaryl structures with a free N−H group.
How to Prepare Kinetically Stable Self‐assembled Pt12L24 Nanocages while Circumventing Kinetic Traps
Authors: Bobylev Eduard O. , Poole David A. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupramolecular coordination‐based self‐assembled nanostructures have been widely studied, and currently various applications are being explored. For several applications, the stability of the nanostructure is of key importance, and this strongly depends on the metal used in the self‐assembly process. Herein, design strategies and synthetic protocols to access desirable kinetically stable Pt12L24 nanospheres are reported, and it is demonstrated that these are stable under conditions under which the palladium counterparts decompose. Descriptors previously used for palladium nanospheres are insufficient for platinum analogues, as the stronger metal–ligand bond results in a mixture of kinetically trapped structures. We report that next to the dihedral angle, the rigidity of the ditopic ligand is also a key parameter for the controlled formation of Pt12L24 nanospheres. Catalytic amounts of coordinating additives to labilise the platinum‐pyridyl bond to some extent are needed to selectively form Pt12L24 assemblies. The formed Pt12L24 nanospheres were demonstrated to be stable in the presence of chloride, amines and acids, unlike the palladium analogues.
Hematologic safety of palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy in patients with benign ethnic neutropenia and advanced breast cancer
Authors: Lynce Filipa , Blackburn Matthew J. , Zhuo Rebecca , Gallagher Christopher , Hahn Olwen M. , Abu‐Khalaf Maysa , Mohebtash Mahsa , Wu Tianmin , Pohlmann Paula R. , Dilawari Asma , Tiwari Shruti R. , Chitalia Ami , Warren Robert , Tan Ming , Shajahan‐Haq Ayesha N. , Isaacs Claudine 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, including palbociclib, are approved to treat hormone receptor (HR)‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) and are associated with hematologic toxicity. African American women, who are underrepresented in CDK4/6 inhibitor clinical trials, may experience worse neutropenia because of benign ethnic neutropenia. The authors specifically investigated the hematologic safety of palbociclib in African American women with HR‐positive/HER2‐negative ABC.MethodsPALINA was a single‐arm, open‐label, investigator‐initiated study of palbociclib (125 mg daily; 21 days on and 7 days off) plus endocrine therapy (ET) in African American women who had HR‐positive/HER2‐negative ABC and a baseline absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/mm3 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02692755). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who completed 12 months of therapy without experiencing febrile neutropenia or treatment discontinuation because of neutropenia. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to assess Duffy polymorphism status.ResultsThirty‐five patients received ≥1 dose of palbociclib plus ET; 19 had a Duffy null polymorphism (cytosine/cytosine). There were no reports of febrile neutropenia or permanent study discontinuation because of neutropenia. Significantly more patients with the Duffy null versus the wild‐type variant had grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (72.2% vs 23.1%; P = .029) and required a palbociclib dose reduction (55.6% vs 7.7%; P = .008). Patients with the Duffy null versus the wild‐type variant had lower overall relative dose intensity (mean ± SD, 81.89% ± 15.87 and 95.67% ± 5.89, respectively; P = .0026) and a lower clinical benefit rate (66.7% and 84.6%, respectively).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that palbociclib is well tolerated in African American women with HR‐positive/HER2‐negative ABC. Duffy null status may affect the incidence of grade 3 neutropenia, dose intensity, and possibly clinical benefit.
Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Earth‐Abundant Bimetallic Molecular Catalysts
Authors: Chen Huan , Chen Lingjing , Chen Gui , Robert Marc , Lau Tai‐Chu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConverting CO2 into useful resources by electrocatalysis and photocatalysis is a promising strategy for recycling of the gas and electrification of industries. Numerous studies have shown that multinuclear metal catalysts have higher selectivity and catalytic activity than monometallic catalysts due to the synergistic effects between the metal sites. In this review, we summarize some of the recent progress on the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by earth‐abundant bimetallic molecular catalysts.
Substituent Effect on the Circularly Polarized Luminescence of C1‐Symmetric Carbene‐Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Braker Erin E. , Mukthar Nishya F. M. , Schley Nathan D. , Ung Gaël 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe substituent effect on the magnitude of the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of MentCAAC‐Cu‐X (X=F, Cl, Br, I, BH4, B3H8; CAAC=cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes) complexes is experimentally investigated. This study examines seven pairs of enantiomeric complexes with small anionic substituents (halides, borohydrides, hydride). The complexes are fully characterized, including single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, and chiroptical measurements show that small covalent anions induce a larger CPL magnitude. These results demonstrate that the magnitude of the CPL can be manipulated without making any modifications to the chiral ligand.
COVID‐19 lockdown frees wildlife to roam but increases poaching threats in Nepal
Authors: Koju Narayan Prasad , Kandel Ram Chandra , Acharya Hari Bhadra , Dhakal Bed Kumar , Bhuju Dinesh Raj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo contain transmission of COVID‐19, lockdowns or strict restrictions of people's mobility outside their residences were instituted in a majority of countries worldwide, including Nepal, where the first phase of nationwide lockdown was observed from 24 March to 21 July 2020. This sudden halt in human outdoor activities brought positive and negative impacts on forests and wildlife. We undertook a study to learn the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on wildlife and forests in the protected areas (PAs) of Nepal. Between July and September 2020, data on illegal activities recorded by the staff of PAs and also those reported by media were collected and analyzed. Key informant interviews (KII) were done with the park officers and security personnel by virtual communication (telephone, messenger app, and video call) to collect detailed information and for corroboration. The collected data were categorized into four groups: (a) wildlife killed, (b) wildlife injured, (c) arrest incidents related to forest crime, and (d) arrest incidents related to wildlife crime. Data from the fiscal year 2019–2020 were analyzed, comparing before lockdown and after. Among 20 PAs investigated during the lockdown, the study found substantial increases in wildlife death in two PAs, Banke National Park, and Bardia National Park. Similarly, Chitwan National Park (CNP) and Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park (SNNP) witnessed a rise in wildlife poaching. CNP and SNNP are located close to densely populated cities and also have human settlements in their peripheries. Wildlife was sighted freely roaming inside PAs during the lockdown, presumably because the absence of visitors and human activities during the lockdown decreased disturbance. Thus, the wildlife was enjoying the freedom of movement on the one hand, and on the other hand was threatened by poachers, many of whom were laid off from other activities and were taking advantage of the lapse in security.
Linking camera‐trap data to taxonomy: Identifying photographs of morphologically similar chipmunks
Authors: McKibben Fiona E. , Frey Jennifer K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRemote cameras are a common method for surveying wildlife and recently have been promoted for implementing large‐scale regional biodiversity monitoring programs. The use of camera‐trap data depends on the correct identification of animals captured in the photographs, yet misidentification rates can be high, especially when morphologically similar species co‐occur, and this can lead to faulty inferences and hinder conservation efforts. Correct identification is dependent on diagnosable taxonomic characters, photograph quality, and the experience and training of the observer. However, keys rooted in taxonomy are rarely used for the identification of camera‐trap images and error rates are rarely assessed, even when morphologically similar species are present in the study area. We tested a method for ensuring high identification accuracy using two sympatric and morphologically similar chipmunk (Neotamias) species as a case study. We hypothesized that the identification accuracy would improve with use of the identification key and with observer training, resulting in higher levels of observer confidence and higher levels of agreement among observers. We developed an identification key and tested identification accuracy based on photographs of verified museum specimens. Our results supported predictions for each of these hypotheses. In addition, we validated the method in the field by comparing remote‐camera data with live‐trapping data. We recommend use of these methods to evaluate error rates and to exclude ambiguous records in camera‐trap datasets. We urge that ensuring correct and scientifically defensible species identifications is incumbent on researchers and should be incorporated into the camera‐trap workflow.