bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Underlying Mechanism of Chinese Herb of Regulating Marrow in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wang Xiaojian , Wang Rui , Xu Ting , Jin Hongting , Tong Peijian , Lv shuaijie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The lesion of marrow is a crucial factor in orthopedic diseases, which is recognized by orthopedics-traumatology expert from "Zhe-School of Chinese Medicine". The Chinese herbs of regulating marrow has been widely used to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in China, while the interaction mechanisms were still elucidated. Thus, we conducted this study to explore the underlying mechanism of the five highest-frequency Chinese herbs of regulating marrow(HF-CHRM) in the treatment of ONFH with the aid of network pharmacology(NP) and molecular docking(MD).
Methods

The active components and potential targets of HF-CHRM were obtained through several online databases, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP), UniProt database. The gene targets related to ONFH were collected with the help of the OMIM and GeneCards disease-related databases. The "drug- component-target-disease" network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of the drug and disease intersecting targets were constructed by using Cytoscape software and the STRING database. R software was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The MD of critical components and targets was carried out using Autodock Vina and Pymol to validate the binding affinity.
Results

A total of 54 active components, 1074 drug targets and 195 gene targets were obtained. There were 1219 ONFH related targets. 39 drug and disease intersection targets(representative genes: IL6, TP53, VEGFA, ESR1, IL1B) were obtained and considered potential therapeutic targets. 1619 items were obtained by the GO enrichment analysis, including 1517 biological processes, 10 cellular components and 92 molecular functions, which is mainly related to angiogenesis, bone and lipid metabolism and inflammatory reaction. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 119 pathways, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. MD results showed that quercetin, wogonin, and kaempferol active components had good affinity with IL6, TP53, and VEGFA core proteins.
Conclusion

The HF-CHRM can treat ONFH by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway comprehensive action.
Total Productivity Change of Health Centers in Greece in 2016-2018: A Malmquist Index Data Envelopment Analysis Application for the Primary Health System of Greece.
Authors: Trakakis Anastasios , Nektarios Miltiadis , Tziaferi Styliani , Prezerakos Panagiotis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper attempts to evaluate Primary Health Care System by evaluating Health Centers in Greece.Methods: Malmquist Index Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to study the total productivity of 155 Heath Centers in Greece during 2016-2018. The Data were collected from the Ministry of Health and were submitted into quality tests to ensure validity and avoid bias.Results: This paper measures the productivity of each of the 155 Health Centers in Greece and how it shifted during 2016-2018. In addition, the overall productivity change of the 155 Health Centers over time is calculated and analyzed into a change due to technical efficiency and a change due to technological efficiency. The analysis of the means values showed a decrease of 0,9% in the overall productivity factor from the year 2016 to the year 2017 and a decrease of 5,2% from the year 2017 to the year 2018. The overall decrease in the productivity of the 155 health Centers was 3,1%. From 2016 to 2018, 59 Health centers changed their productivity mainly due to technological change, 91 mainly due to technical efficiency change, while one Health Center showed regression to its total productivity due to equal regression of its technical efficiency and technology.Conclusions: The method used is non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis along with Malmquist Index, so as to include panel data in the analysis. Meaningful results were extracted by indicating the number of Health Centers that their productivity improved, regressed or remained constant through the period 2016-2018. This paper may contribute to improve Health Centers’ efficiency and productivity. Furthermore, valuable results can be extracted, for the National Health Care System in order to match available resources depending on each Health Center’s needs, as well as for manager planners and stakeholders in Primary Health Care.JEL Classification: C14, C32, C52, I10
Presenting An Assessment System Using Mortality and Morbidity Conference Feedback
Authors: Khajeh Fatemeh , Zeighami Shahryar , Bazargani Zahra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In our practice of mortality and morbidity conference, we realized that many adverse outcomes could be prevented or stopped in earlier stages, if the medical team knew some vital and basic practical points.Methods: Hence, we designed a new assessment plan to evaluate each clinical course in two stages. Passing the first stage “Bonn” exam is a must before entering the second stage. In the second stage, the medical trainee would be evaluated as previously. In this regard, the first stage should be updated every year, depending on mortality and morbidity report as feedback. We enrolled 37 senior medical students and 21 laboratory sciences students in the study who were able to pass “Bonn” exam successfully. The study began at the entrance to the pediatric, surgery ward, emergency room and clinical laboratory in Vali-Asr hospital affiliated to Fasa University of Medical Sciences. We compared these groups with the same groups in the last year.Results: The rate of medical error was significantly reduced in the group that was able to pass “Bonn” exam. The score of OSCE exam was significantly higher than in the last year.Conclusion: capability to pass “Bonn” exam as an essential tool to enter the second traditional exam can significantly help medical trainees to graduate more competently. It is our opinion that this assessment system might be able to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity rate as well as treatment costs.
Melatonin mitigates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through regulation of the heat shock proteins expressions
Authors: Akin Ali Tuğrul , Unsal Murat , Ceylan Tayfun , Kaymak Emin , Ozturk Emel , Kuloglu Nurhan , Karabulut Derya , Yakan Birkan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose.

To determine the protective effects of melatonin (MEL) in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by Cisplatin (CP), widely used as a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of many cancer types, via assessment of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) levels in rats.
Methods.

Total 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (n = 10), MEL (n = 10, 10 mg/kg/i.p melatonin for 8 days), CP (n = 10, 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin at the 5th day), and CP + MEL (n = 10, 10 mg/kg/i.p melatonin for 8 days and 7 mg/kg/i.p cisplatin at the 5th day). After administrations, animals were sacrificed, and kidney tissues were extracted. Histopathological changes were evaluated and glomerular and tubular immunoreactivities of HSP47, HSP60, HSP7, and HSP90 in renal cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, blood serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels were measured to assess of kidney function.
Results.

CP group showed histopathological deterioration compared to Control group and MEL treatment attenuated this damage. When compared with Control and MEL groups, an increase in HSPs immunoreactivities in renal cortex and blood serum BUN, creatinine and uric acid levels were observed in the CP group. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in the CP + MEL in terms of these parameters compared to the CP group.
Conclusion.

According to our results, MEL could exert a significant protective effect to ameliorate CP-induced AKI via regulation of heat-shock protein expressions.
Congenital brucellosis: a case report
Authors: XU Dan , Li Xuejing , Cheng Beilei , Zhou Yunlian , Zhou Mingming , Gu Weizhong , Chen Zhimin , Wang Yingshuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic infection worldwide, and is caused by bacterial genus Brucella. The disease is rarely transmitted via human-to-human transmission. Few cases have been reported about vertical transmission of human brucellosis. Herein, we reported a case of congenital brucellosis, with clear evidence of pathogen detected in mother’s placental specimen.
Case presentation:

A 34-day-old girl was admitted to the department of pulmonology with fever for eight days. Three blood samples and one sample of cerebrospinal fluid were positive for Brucella melitensis. The diagnosis of brucellosis and Brucella melitensis meningitis were established, along with hyperbilirubinemia and liver dysfunction. Treatment of rifampicin (for six weeks) and meropenem (for two weeks) was administered. However, the disease relapsed within 18 days. Thereafter, a combination therapy of rifampicin and SMZ/TMP was administered for eight weeks. The disease relapsed again in 42 days. For chronic brucellosis, three courses of combination therapy of rifampicin and SMZ/TMP was administered. The mother had fatigue and arthralgia for two weeks, fever and membrane rupture one day before the baby was born. Brucella melitensis DNA was detected in the mother’s placental specimen by next-generation sequencing and bacterial identification under microscope proved chorioamnionitis.
Conclusions

We reported a confirmed case of congenital brucellosis. This disease should be closely monitored even in non-epidemic areas. The treatment of brucellosis in infancy faces challenges of drug choice and disease relapse.
What Impact Have SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic induced lockdown on the number of OPD patients of Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology in India during the lockdown months (April-May-2020)–Observational Research Analysis?
Authors: Kumar Piyush 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The First human case of the covid-19 global pandemic was reported from Wuhan city of China in December 2019. On 27th January 2020, India found a suspected case of covid-19 in Kerala with a recent travel history of Wuhan; china. The suspected case was reported as positive by the National Institute of Virology located at Pune in Maharashtra, India on January 30, 2020 as positive for COVID-19 infection. This was the first documented COVID-19 case in India. The government of India responded to this novel disease by enforcing nationwide lockdown starting on 25/03/2020 and ending on 31/05/2020. In this retrospective observational quantitative and qualitative study I have done assessment of the impact of covid-19 lockdown measures on OPD health services for some important non communicable diseases. The data is collected, observed, analyzed for the years 2020 and 2019 and the lockdown period of April-May 2020 is compared with the same duration of 2019 (excluding period of 7 days of lockdown in march) . The OPD (outpatient Department) services for the patients of Diabetes, Hypertension, Stroke (CVA), Acute Heart Disease, Mental Illness, Epilepsy, Ophthalmic, Dental and oncology were selected for this observational retrospective study-analysis. In version 2 time series analysis (longer period) will be applied to test the significance of difference between pre and post intervention (lockdown). The study found as compared to 2019 when lockdown and pandemic was not in existence, 2020 lockdown period have notable reduction in various OPD health services. The study have derived conclusion that lockdown reduced number of OPD patients and hence reduced access to the health services for non-communicable disease which is the major burden of disease in India as well as at global levels. In the final conclusion the author feel the need of more emphasis and priority for NCDs care in any situations of emergency like pandemic and natural calamities, lockdowns etc which usually disrupt routine healthcare. Routine healthcare is very essential in context of chronic diseases which can be converted to acute emergency conditions like CVA.
Weak and vanishing upper mantle discontinuities generated by large-scale lithospheric delamination in the Longmenshan area, China
Authors: He Chuansong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A large amount of high-quality teleseismic data is used for common conversion point (CCP) stacking of receiver functions in the Longmenshan area. The results show that a large-scale high-velocity anomaly or lithospheric delamination can completely destroy upper mantle discontinuities or erase the phase boundary of olivine, which is a very important finding and can be used to assess stagnant slabs in the mantle transition zone globally. The deepening region of the 660 km discontinuity beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane might indicate that the large-scale high-velocity anomaly in the mantle transition zone is a cold domain and can affect the topography of upper mantle discontinuities.
An Insight into the Battery Degradation and a Proposal for a Battery Friendly Charging Technique
Authors: Sah Bikash , Kumar Praveen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Li-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles because of their promising characteristics that meet high specific power and energy density requirements. The only setback is the capacity fading due to degradation in Li-ion batteries. The rate of capacity fade in Li-ion batteries in EVs vary based on the charging rate, changes in internal cell temperature and external ambient temperature, and user driving patterns. Since the Li-ion battery is electrochemical, determining the actual cause of degradation at a particular instant and constraining the rate is a big challenge. Further, the causes are related to parameters which are chemical, electrical and mechanical. In this work, the causes of degradation are studied by analysing the variation of parameters for multiple charge types and rates at different ambient temperatures. The analysis leads to developing a new battery friendly charging scheme suitable to fast charge battery at different ambient temperatures appropriately and constrain battery degradation.
COVID-19 and Malaria Co-infection; Same coin but different faces?
Authors: Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Haroun Mazin Salah-Eldien Hassan , Hussien Abbasher , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads rapidly around the world, urgent action is needed to combat the new coronavirus, while other deadly diseases such as malaria cannot be ignored. The impact of the coronavirus on countries affected by malaria and, where possible, contribute to a successful response to COVID19. Our aim is to assess the possible link between Malaria and COVID-19 .Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective cross sectional study which was conducted among adult Sudanese COVID-19 patients admitted to the Universal and Ombada hospitals in the period (4th of April 2020 to the 15th of January, 2020). A total number of 87 patients were included. Results: Among the 87 patients 64.9 % were males while 35.6 were females. 27.6 % had a positive blood film. 64.7% of the malaria patients had p.falciparum while 35.3% had p.vivax. 52.9% of the patients showed positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 with 52.9 % showed positive CT findings . Generalized fatigability was observed in 52.9 % of the patients with malaria followed by headache, nausea, fever with chills, fever with shivering, vomiting and diarrhea in 42.5%, 36.8%, 20.7%, 12.6%, 9.2% and 9.2% respectively. In COVID-19 patients 85.1% had fever and generalized fatigability, followed by cough, headache, SOB , sore throat ,myalgia, chest pain and diarrhea. 13.79 % of malaria patients had malarial pneumonitis, followed by pulmonary edema, choleric malaria, thrombocytopenia and malaria induced hepatitis in 10.39 %, 9.2 %, 9.19 % and 6.9% respectively. 8.4% had cerebral malaria while 1.1% had cerebellar syndromes. 44.8 % had acute respiratory distress syndrome, 17.2% had heart failure, 8% had pulmonary embolism, 8% had stroke, 3.9% had encephalitis and 1.1% had convulsions.Conclusion: Malaria and COVID-19 have a possible link that they both share similar presentations and complications.
Spirituality and other factors associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance amongst Healthcare Workers in Cameroon
Authors: Ngasa Neh Chang , Ngasa Stewart Ndutard , Tchouda Leticia Armelle Sani , Tanisso Eugénie , Abanda Christabel , Dingana Therence Nwana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The production of the different COVID-19 vaccines has offered hope towards controlling the pandemic. Many governments around the world have been able to secure the number of doses required for the vaccination of their entire population. In Cameroon, the government’s strategy has been to secure the number of doses required to vaccinate frontline workers and other population at risk. A threat to this strategy could be vaccine hesitancy as demonstrated in previous studies. In this article we discussed the influence of spirituality on vaccine acceptance. We also examined other factors associated with vaccine acceptance amongst healthcare workers in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of healthcare workers in Cameroon. Data was collected using Surveysparrow and then computed into Microsoft Excel. All analysis were done using Stata 14. Results: A total number of 371 healthcare workers took part in the survey and 45.38% indicated willingness to accept the vaccine if offered. The most common reason advanced for non-acceptance of the vaccine was negative perceptions about the efficacy of the vaccines. Independent factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance following a multivariate logistic regression included: being married (AOR 1.13, p< 0.01), presence of comorbidity (AOR:2.10, p<0.02), participants who had direct contact with covid patients (AOR: 3.34, p<0.01). Spirituality level was not independently associated with vaccine acceptance (AOR: 1.12, p<0.63). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine acceptance amongst healthcare workers in Cameroon is low. This is likely to reduce the vaccine uptake amongst healthcare workers. HCWs are in the best position to influence the uptake of these vaccines by the general population, therefore educating healthcare workers on the efficacy of these vaccines might improve their acceptance.
Controlling specific growth rate for recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris under oxidation stress in fed-batch fermentation
Authors: Hu Rongkang , Cui Ruiguo , Xu Qingqing , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Methanol can be used by Pichia pastoris as the sole carbon source and inducer to produce recombinant proteins in high-cell-density fermentations, but also damages cells due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation from methanol oxidation. Here, we study the relationship between methanol feeding and ROS accumulation by controlling specific growth rate during the induction phase. A higher specific growth rate increased the level of ROS accumulation caused by methanol oxidation. While the cell growth rate was proportional to specific growth rate, but maximum total protein production and highest enzyme activity were achieved at a specific growth rate of 0.05 1/h as compared to that 0.065 1/h. Moreover, oxidative damage induced by over-accumulation of ROS in P. pastoris during the methanol induction phase caused cell death and reduced protein expression ability. ROS scavenging system analysis reveals that the higher specific growth rate, especially 0.065 1/h, resulted in increased intracellular catalase activity and decreased glutathione content significantly. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis further reveals that the reduced glutathione might be beneficial for maintaining cell viability and increasing protein production under oxidative stress caused by ROS toxic accumulation. Our findings suggest an integrated strategy to control the feeding of the essential substrate based on analyzing its response to oxidative stress caused by ROS toxic accumulation, as well as develop a strategy to optimize fed-batch fermentation.
Organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in salted Tenualosa ilisha L.: Northeastern part of India
Authors: Goswami Sanchari , Manna Kuntal 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Fish can sometimes be contaminated with several highly toxic substances at once, e.g. heavy metals, pesticides, and preservatives. In this regard, it is essential to determine the presence of these harmful chemicals in fish products. The research objective was to analyze the level of organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in Tenualosa ilisha L.
Study objects and methods. The study featured organochlorine pesticide residues and other toxic substances in raw and cooked samples of fresh and salted T. ilisha, which is a popular dish in Northeast India, especially in the state of Tripura. The analysis involved tests for formaldehyde, pesticides, and heavy metals. Formaldehyde content was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography, pesticides content – by low-pressure gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and heavy metals – by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.
Results and discussion. The salted samples had a high content of formaldehyde, though it remained within the normal range. Both fresh and salted samples demonstrated high concentrations of heavy metals such as zinc, copper, and selenium. The salted sample appeared to have a high content of toxic organochlorine pesticide residues. Frying and boiling of fresh and salted fish decreased formaldehyde and organochlorine pesticide residue contents but did not reduce heavy metal content.
Conclusion. T. ilisha was found to be quite safe for human health.
A radical tumor resection and vascular plastic with xenopericardium as part of complex therapy in a patient with second relapse of nephroblastoma. Case report and literature review
Authors: Gurgenidze N. N. , Shvetsov A. N. , Zaytseva A. N. , Trushin A. A. , Kazantsev I. V. , Gevorgyan A. G. , Ananyev A. N. , Zakharenko A. A. , Punanov Yu. A. , Kulagin A. D. , Zubarovskaya L. S. 
Published: July 2021

In spite of a relatively good prognosis of most patients with nephroblastoma, there are some subgroups characterized by different unfavorable prognostic factors, in which the overall prognosis is much worse. In particular, this can be applied to patients with very high risk relapse. As in these cases the tumor is often resistant to most chemotherapy modalities, the quality of surgical control is of utmost importance.We present a case of a 9-year-old patient with second local nephroblastoma relapse involving a large portion of inferior vena cava. During the course of complex therapy a radical surgical resection with vascular plastic by xenopericardium implant was performed. The follow-up, albeit short, yields no signs of disease progression or graft malfunction.This case demonstrates the possibility of successful vascular plastic in a child with relapsed tumor. This method may allow more radical tumor resection.