bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on moisture Susceptibility of Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mohammed Sura Fawzi , Ismael Mohammed Qadir 
Published: June 2021

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a modern energy-saving process that uses environmentally friendly materials, has lower mixing and compaction temperatures, and uses less energy and releases less contaminants than conventional hot mix asphalt. Moisture damage poses one of the main challenges of the material design in asphalt pavements. During its design life, the asphalt pavement is exposed to the effect of moisture from the surrounding environment. This research intends to investigate the role of the polypropylene fibres for modifying the moisture susceptibility for the WMA by using different percentages of polypropylene (namely 2, 4, and 6%) by weight of the binder of the control mixture (WMA). In this paper, the physical characteristics of the asphalt cement, Marshall properties, Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) and Index of Retained Strength (IRS) were determined to establish the effect of the polypropylene on the moisture susceptibility of the WMA. The results displayed that the modification of the AC with polypropylene caused an increase in the optimum asphalt content by 1.03, 3.09, and 11.3%, with the addition of 2, 4 and 6% of the P.P., respectively. The moisture resistance of the asphalt mixture was enhanced by adding the P.P., according to the rise in the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) and Index of Retained Strength (IRS) values. The TSR value showed 9.4, 18.2 and 19.5% increase when the P.P. increased from 0.00 to 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06, respectively; besides, the IRS showed improvement with the addition of the P.P. to the WMA. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091704 Full Text: PDF
Building Philosophical Partnership
Authors: Zager Sarah 
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the potential benefits of applying a technique of paired text study, usually used for the study of Rabbinic texts, called Havruta to teaching philosophy both undergraduate and divinity school settings. I also explore recent research on the significant gender gap in philosophy, which shows that much of the gender disparity occurs just after students' initial introduction to the discipline; some of this research suggests that this gap is linked to a "brilliance mindset," in which students think that success in philosophy is based almost entirely on raw talent, rather than a set of skills. I discuss how Havruta might be used to help students understand that it is possible to learn to how read and think philosophically, thereby helping combat the “brilliance mindset.”
Sleep quality, REM sleep behavior disorder and daytime sleepiness in adults with and without Parkinson's
Authors: Díaz Pacheco Andrea , Moo Estrella Jesús 
Published: June 2021

In Parkinson's disease (PD), poor sleep quality and sleep disorders are central part of the non-motor symptoms. The aim was to compare sleep quality (SQ), REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among adults with and without Parkinson's disease (PD). A second objective was to know the relationship of SQ and RBD with EDS in patients with PD. Method. sixty adults (38 % women, mean age 66.7 ± 8.11 years), 50 % with PD diagnosis and 50 % healthy controls, Instruments: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sleep Quality Pittsburgh Index and REM Behavioral Disorder Sleep Questionnaire, which was designed for this study. Results. Differences were found in SQ (PD = 9.90 ±4.47 vs Control group = 7.23 ±4.71, t = 2.25, p = .028), and the percentage of cases with symptoms of RBD (PD = 30%, control group = 6.7%, ji2 = 5.455, p = .020). No differences were found in EDS (PD = 7.43 ± 5.46 vs Control group = 6.50 ± 5.28, t = .673, p = .504). According to the linear regression analysis, the increase in EDS was not associated with SQ, EDS was only associated with RBD. Conclusion, the PD group presents a poor sleep quality and a higher prevalence of RBD symptoms. EDS did not differ between adults with and without PD. However, RBD was associated with an increase in EDS in the PD group.
Penyelesaian Antara Nasabah dan Pihak Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Dalam Perkara Tunggakan Pembayaran Kredit
Authors: Nindya Febrina Nurhapsari  , Rani Apriani  
Published: June 2021

Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) merupakan Lembaga keuangan yang menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dalam bentuk simpanan dan menyalurkan kembali dalam bentuk kredit. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) dalam memberikan pinjaman kepada Nasabah harus memenuhi syarat-syarat tertentu, dan biasanya Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) memberikan syarat Pinjaman berbeda-beda tergantung dengan status profesinya. Dalam setiap kejadian pinjam-meminjam atau bisa dibilang kredit, banyak sekali Nasabah yang dalam prakteknya tidak menepati waktu yang diperjanjikan dalam mengembalikan pinjamannya dengan berbagai alasan, sehingga timbulah kredit yang bermasalah. Kredit yang bermasalah ini biasanya dibedakan menjadi 3 hal antara lain yaitu (1) Kurang Lancar, (2) Diragukan, (3) Macet. Biasanya Nasabah lebih mengarah kepada kredit yang macet. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana Bagaimana proses awal Perjanjian antara nasabah dan pihak Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) dalam memberikan pinjaman dan Bagaimana penyelesian antara Nasabah dan pihak Bank Perkreditan Rakyat dalam perkara tunggakan pembayaran kredit. penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, bahan-bahan hukum yang digunakan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Data yang terkumpul selanjtnya diolah dan sistematisasi sesuai dengan urutan permasalahan dan akhirnya dianalisis. Seluruh data diperoleh penulis sepeti buku, artikel-artikel, jurnal perbankan, serta situs-situs internet yang berkaitan dengan objek yang ditulis, dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif.
Asas Akusator Dalam Perlindungan Hukum Atas Hak Tersangka Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana
Authors: Margo Hadi Pura  , Faridah Hana 
Published: June 2021

Penegakan hukum secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai penerapan hukum di berbagai aspek kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara demi mewujudkan ketertiban dan kepastian hukum yang berorientasi kepada keadilan. Dalam Hukum Acara Indonesia Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 di dalamnya memuat pengaturan para aparat penegak hukum yaitu, Penyidik, Penuntut Umum dan Hakim mengenai dalam menjalankan wewenangnya menegakkan hukum pidana materiil (KUHP). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Pada metode pendekatan ini mengkaji permasalahan hukum berdasarkan aturan normatif apakah sesuai dengan kehidupan masyarakat. Sistem hak asasi manusia mencakup didalamnya ranah administrasi peradilan, yang memuat beberapa prinsip, yaitu peradilan yang adil (Fair Trial), Indepedensi Pengadilan dan pemulihan secara efektif. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut tidak hanya berlaku untuk peradilan pidana umum maupun peradilan pidana militer. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999, lebih menekankan penyelidikan dibanding penyidikan. Di dalam praktik penegakan supremasi hukum masih belum ada kerja sama yang baik antara penegak hukum, masyarakat dan pemerintah. Untuk menjamin penghormatan dan perlindungan HAM dalam proses peradilan pidana, fungsi penasihat hukum sangat penting sebagai pendamping tersangka dan terdakwa agar mempertahankan hak-haknya. Hak-hak tersebut diatur dalam Bab VI (Pasal 50 sampai dengan Pasal 68) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981. Perlindungan hukum bagi tersangka dari tindakan yang menyangkut hak asasi tersangka oleh penyidik sangatlah penting. Untuk melindungi tersangka dari tindakan penyidik yang sewenang-wenang maka dalam KUHAP diatur mengenai perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia khususnya terkait dengan hak tersangka dan terdakwa. Untuk menghindari hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi di tingkat penyidikan, penyidik harus memeritahukan kepadanya tentang hak mendapat bantuan hukum, dan hak lain sebagainya.
Mencari Ilmu (Teori) Hukum Yang Bercirikan Indonesia Berdasarkan Aliran Sociological Jurisprudence
Authors: Yulianto Syahyu  , Diana Fitriana  
Published: June 2021

Dilatarbelakangi dengan suatu keprihatinan tentang teori-teori, pendapat-pendapat, dan konsepsi pemikiran hukum di Indonesia yang lahir dari para pakar dan ahli hukum. Kendatipun Indonesia telah Merdeka 76 Tahun, masih saja terbelenggu dan mengagungkan teori dan konsep pemikiran yang bersumber dari para ilmuawan Barat. Padahal ilmu hukum berbeda dengan ilmu sosial lainnya, apalagi dengan ilmu eksakta. Hukum itu bukanlah ilmu yang bersifat universal, tapi dia punya batas yuridiksi dan teritorial, dan hukum itu harus digali dan diambil dari nilai-nilai yang hidup dari masyarakatnya sendiri. Di Indonesia adalah hukum adat yang lahir dan tumbuh dan ditaati oleh masyarakat itu sendiri. Dengan melakukan penelitian kepustakaan dan mengamati fenomena yang ada di dunia akademis maupun dikalangan praktisi hukum kiranya saatnya kita mencari teori hukum yang bercirikan Keindonesiaan berdasarkan aliran Sociological Jurisprudence, halmana hukum sebagai pencerminan dan kongkretisasi nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam massyarakat (living law), selanjutnya hukum positif hanya akan efketif apabila selaras dengan hukum ynag hidup dalam masyarakat yang merupan cerminan nilai-nilai yang hidup di dalamnya. Dalam penulisan ini penlis mengambil contoh yang diambil dari falsafah Adat Jawa, Bali dan Minangkabau.
Financial inclusion and the goal of distributive justice in Islamic economics
Authors: Suziraha Dzulkepli  , Mohd Nizam Barom  
Published: June 2021

The unprecedented level of income inequality and wealth concentration throughout the world today has pose a foremost challenge in the efforts towards realising inclusive and sustainable development. One of the means to achieve this 2030 Agenda that has been strongly promoted by the international community is through the concept of financial inclusion. The dimensions of financial inclusion, which include access, usage and quality of financial services for all have been demonstrated to have positive impacts on increasing the ability of the poor and underprivileged groups to improve their economic well-being. Additionally, the literature has also identified two additional financial inclusion features of Islamic finance namely risk-sharing and redistribution, which can further contribute to the goal of distributive justice as aspired in Islamic economics. Nevertheless, despite the numerous works on financial inclusion and distributive justice in the literature of Islamic economics and finance, a specific framework to link financial inclusion with the goal of distributive justice is still absent in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conceptualize a framework that links the dimensions of financial inclusion with the three phases of realising distributive justice, i.e. pre-production, post-production, and redistribution. This conceptual framework provides the necessary theoretical foundation and operational guideline for the promotion of financial inclusion as part of the efforts towards realising the goal of distributive justice in Islamic economics.
Trade finance in digital era: Can FinTech harness the current risks and challenges?
Authors: Safeza Mohd Sapian  , Nurudeen Abdulkadir  , Norhazlina Ibrahim  
Published: June 2021

Trade and commercial activities are the foundation and supporting pillars of the global economy. It is through trade, particularly international trade, that a country’s economy is developed and sustained. It is a fact that FinTech platforms help financial service providers to become more time and cost-efficient in delivering trade finance services, however, the moves come with a high price. As the system becomes complex, the risks associated with it are also high due to systemic vulnerabilities, hackers and security hurdles. This current state requires more rigorous risk identification and management systems along with proficient internal control system, especially for international trade and trade financing. It has propelled many financial intermediaries to be more competitive in committing to the development of digitised channels and propositions, preparing to cede market share to a new generation of providers that have already seized the imperative to respond to market evolution in international trade. The main aim of this paper is to explore how far can FinTech platforms help the financial service providers to be more efficient in providing their services to the end-user while at the same time be excellent to harness the possibilities of cyber and FinTech risk in this digital era. The study reviews past studies done in this area, especially on the risks and challenges, the prospects and opportunities of FinTechs in trade financing and its ability to cope with the risks inherent in FinTech solutions. The findings show that the benefits of FinTech platforms outweigh the shortcomings and with sustained collaboration, standardization and a holistic approach to the development of FinTech solutions, the risks of digital transformations can be considerably reduced.
Oriented Antibody Covalent Immobilization for Label-Free Impedimetric Detection of C-Reactive Protein via Direct and Sandwich Immunoassays
Authors: Adesina Abiola , Mashazi Philani 
Published: June 2021

The detection and monitoring of biological markers as disease indicators in a simple manner is a subject of international interest. In this work, we report two simple and sensitive label-free impedimetric immunoassays for the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). The gold electrode modified with boronic acid–terminated self-assembled monolayers afforded oriented immobilization of capture glycosylated antibody (antihuman CRP monoclonal antibody, mAb). This antibody-modified surface was able to capture human CRP protein, and the impedance signal showed linear dependence with CRP concentration. We confirmed the immobilization of anti-CRP mAb using surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance. The oriented covalent immobilization of mAb was achieved using glycosylated Fc (fragment, crystallizable) region specific to boronic acid. The direct immunoassay exhibited a linear curve for concentration range up to 100 ng ml−1. The limit of detection (LoD) of 2.9 ng ml−1, limit of quantification (LoQ) of 9.66 ng ml−1, and sensitivity of 0.585 kΩ ng−1 ml cm−2 were obtained. The sandwich immunoassay was carried out by capturing polyclonal anti-CRP antibody (pAb) onto the CRP antigen immunoreaction. The impedance signal after pAb capture also showed linear dependence with CRP antigen concentration and acted as a CRP antigen detection signal amplifier. The detection of the CRP antigen using sandwich pAb immunoassay improved LoD to 1.2 ng ml−1, LoQ to 3.97 ng ml−1, and enhanced the sensitivity to 0.885 kΩ ng−1 ml cm−2. The real sample analysis, using newborn calf serum, showed excellent selectivity and % recovery for the human CRP ranging from 91.2 to 96.5%. The method was reproducible to 4.5% for direct immunoassay and 2.3% for sandwich immunoassay.
A Framework for Evaluating Earthquake Early Warning for an Infrastructure Network: An Idealized Case Study of a Northern California Rail System
Authors: Minson Sarah E. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Wu Stephen , Noda Shunta 
Published: June 2021

Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems provide a few to tens of seconds of warning before shaking hits a site. Despite the recent rapid developments of EEW systems around the world, the optimal alert response strategy and the practical benefit of using EEW are still open-ended questions, especially in areas where EEW systems are new or have not yet been deployed. Here, we use a case study of a rail system in California’s San Francisco Bay Area to explore potential uses of EEW for rail systems. Rail systems are of particular interest not only because they are important lifeline infrastructure and a common application for EEW around the world, but also because their geographically broad yet networked infrastructure makes them almost uniquely well suited for utilizing EEW. While the most obvious potential benefit of EEW to the railway is to prevent derailments by stopping trains before the arrival of shaking, the lead time for warnings is usually not long enough to significantly reduce a train’s speed. In reality, EEW’s greatest impact is preventing derailment by alerting trains to slow down or stop before they encounter damaged track. We perform cost-benefit analyses of different decision-making strategies for several EEW system designs to find an optimal alerting strategy. On-site EEW provides better outcomes than source-parameter-based EEW when warning at a threshold of 120 gal (the level of shaking at which damage might occur) regardless of false alarm tolerance. A source-parameter-based EEW system with a lower alerting threshold (e.g., 40 gal) can reduce the exposure to potentially damaged track compared to an on-site system alerting at 120 gal, but a lower alerting threshold comes at the cost of additional precautionary system stops. The optimal EEW approach for rail systems depends strongly on the ratio of the cost of stopping the system unnecessarily to the potential loss from traversing damaged tracks.
Changes in Flood Regime of the Upper Yangtze River
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fang Guohua , Tang Zhengyang , Wen Xin , Zhang Hairong , Ding Ziyu , Li Xin , Bian Xinsheng , Hu Zengyun 
Published: June 2021

River flooding affects more people worldwide than other natural hazards. Thus, analysis of the changes in flood regime caused by global warming and increasing anthropogenic activities will help us make adaptive plans for future flood management. The nonstationary flood behavior in the upper Yangtze River was examined comprehensively in terms of trend, change point, and periodicity with co-usage of different methods. Results show that there are decreasing tendencies in the corresponding series of annual maximum flood peak flow and flood volume in four out of six control stations, except Pingshan and Wulong stations in the Jinsha River and the Wu River, respectively, and the flood peak occurrence time appears earlier mostly. The uniformity of flood process increases in four main tributaries, while it decreases in mainstream of the Yangtze River (Yichang and Pingshan stations). The rates of both rising limb and recession limb of all the typical flood process flowing through the six stations were analyzed. 77.8% of the rates of rising limb decrease, while 61.1% of the rates of recession limb increase, which is almost consistent with the variation reflected by the uniformity. The change points of most evaluation indicators happened in 1970s–1990s. The first main periodicity of evaluation indicators in Yichang is about 45 years, while that of other stations is about 20 years. Invalidity of stationarity in the flood series can be attributed to the intensified construction on major water conservancy projects, changes of underlying surface, and influences of climatic variables. The contributions of both climatic control and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) to the variation of the annual flood peak in Yichang station were further quantitatively evaluated, which has verified that the construction of the TGD has played a positive role in peak-flood clipping.
How to Screen and Prevent Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of PCOS Early: Implications From Metabolomics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Feng Xiaoling , Zhao Xinjie , Jiang Yuepeng , Li Xianna , Niu Jingyun , Meng Xiaoyu , Wu Jing , Xu Guowang , Hou Lihui , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disorder. And metabolic syndrome (MS) is an important bridge for PCOS patients to develop other diseases, such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. Our aim was to study the potential metabolic characteristics of PCOS-MS and identify sensitive biomarkers so as to provide targets for clinical screening, diagnosis, and treatment.MethodsIn this study, 44 PCOS patients with MS, 34 PCOS patients without MS, and 32 healthy controls were studied. Plasma samples of subjects were tested by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system combined with LTQ-orbi-trap mass spectrometry. The changes of metabolic characteristics from PCOS to PCOS-MS were systematically analyzed. Correlations between differential metabolites and clinical characteristics of PCOS-MS were assessed. Differential metabolites with high correlation were further evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify their sensitivity as screening indicators.ResultsThere were significant differences in general characteristics, reproductive hormone, and metabolic parameters in the PCOS-MS group when compared with the PCOS group and healthy controls. We found 40 differential metabolites which were involved in 23 pathways when compared with the PCOS group. The metabolic network further reflected the metabolic environment, including the interaction between metabolic pathways, modules, enzymes, reactions, and metabolites. In the correlation analysis, there were 11 differential metabolites whose correlation coefficient with clinical parameters was greater than 0.4, which were expected to be taken as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Besides, these 11 differential metabolites were assessed by ROC, and the areas under curve (AUCs) were all greater than 0.7, with a good sensitivity. Furthermore, combinational metabolic biomarkers, such as glutamic acid + leucine + phenylalanine and carnitine C 4: 0 + carnitine C18:1 + carnitine C5:0 were expected to be sensitive combinational biomarkers in clinical practice.ConclusionOur study provides a new insight to understand the pathogenesis mechanism, and the discriminating metabolites may help screen high-risk of MS in patients with PCOS and provide sensitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.
Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Iguratimod in the Treatment of Active Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Li Yan , Li Kunpeng , Zhao Zheng , Wang Yanyan , Jin Jingyu , Guo Junhua , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jianglin , Zhu Jian , Huang Feng 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose: The effect of Iguratimod in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed in past studies. In terms of the mechanism of the effect and clinical application experience, Iguratimod has a potential value in the treatment of spondyloarthritis (SpA). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Iguratimod on active SpA.Methods: Subjects with active SpA were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups at a ratio of 1:2 (placebo vs. Iguratimod). On the basis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, combined treatment with Iguratimod or placebo, followed by follow-up every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was to evaluate the alleviation rate of ASAS20; the important improvement of ASDAS and the efficacy of spinal mobility, physical function and quality of life at the 24th week.Results: A total of 48 cases in the Iguratimod group and 25 cases in the placebo group were included in the final analysis. On the 24th week, the percentage of responders to ASAS20 (80 vs. 44%) and ASAS40 (56 vs. 20%) treated with Iguratimod were significantly higher than that in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.05). Twelve cases had gastrointestinal discomfort, of which eight were in the Iguratimod group (16.7%, one case withdrew from the study due to diarrhoea) and four were in the placebo group (16.0%). No significant difference was found between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Three cases of elevated transaminase were observed in the Iguratimod group and none in the placebo group, with no significant difference (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Iguratimod could significantly reduce the symptoms and signs of patients with active SpA. It could improve the physical function and quality of life of these patients and the overall safety and tolerance are good.