bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease: An Evaluation of the Knowledge of an at Risk Population in Jamaica
Authors: Whyte Nichelle , Morrison-Blidgen Belinda , Asnani Monika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Ischemic priapism is characterized by painful erections that may lead to erectile dysfunction. Men with sickle cell disease (SCD) are particularly prone to this condition, however, the knowledge among this population with respect to possible complications is not well known.

Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of males with SCD about priapism and its possible consequences.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among consecutive consenting males aged 12 years and older with SCD presenting to the Sickle Cell Unit between September 2018 and August 2019. All participants completed a questionnaire detailing knowledge on the definition of priapism, its association with SCD, consequences of untreated priapism and treatment strategies. The responses were used to generate a total priapism knowledge score for each of the participants.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcomes included knowledge of the term priapism, its association with SCD as well as the total priapism knowledge score.

Results
219 patients of mean age 29.8 ± 13 years completed the questionnaire. 38.4% of patients were familiar with the term priapism and of these 68.8% were aware of the association between SCD and priapism. There was a significant association between knowledge of association of priapism with SCD and increasing educational level (P = .036) and history of prior priapism episodes (P = .02). There was a significant association between knowledge of the term “priapism” and history of priapism (P = .002). The mean total priapism knowledge score among the participants was 5.16 out of a maximum score of 12, with 70.8% of participants being categorized as having “poor knowledge.”

Conclusion
There is a general lack of knowledge among patients with SCD with respect to the term priapism. Education campaigns geared toward addressing the identified knowledge gaps may prove beneficial in increasing awareness among this population and potentially decrease the risk of complications.
Inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use in children insured by Kentucky Medicaid
Authors: Wattles Bethany A. , Jawad Kahir S. , Feygin Yana , Kong Maiying , Vidwan Navjyot K. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Smith Michael J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To describe risk factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to children.Design:Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescribing to children, using Kentucky Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data, 2017.Participants:Population-based sample of pediatric Medicaid patients and providers.Methods:Antibiotic prescriptions were identified from pharmacy claims and used to describe patient and provider characteristics. Associated medical claims were identified and linked to assign diagnoses. An existing classification scheme was applied to determine appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions.Results:Overall, 10,787 providers wrote 779,813 antibiotic prescriptions for 328,515 children insured by Kentucky Medicaid in 2017. Moreover, 154,546 (19.8%) of these antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate, 358,026 (45.9%) were potentially appropriate, 163,654 (21.0%) were inappropriate, and 103,587 (13.3%) were not associated with a diagnosis. Half of all providers wrote 12 prescriptions or less to Medicaid children. The following child characteristics were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: residence in a rural area (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.1), having a visit with an inappropriate prescriber (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 4.1–4.2), age 0–2 years (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.37–1.41), and presence of a chronic condition (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28–1.33).Conclusions:Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children is common. Provider and patient characteristics associated with inappropriate prescribing differ from those associated with higher volume. Claims data are useful to describe inappropriate use and could be a valuable metric for provider feedback reports. Policies are needed to support analysis and dissemination of antibiotic prescribing reports and should include all provider types and geographic areas.
Seasonal variation of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: A national cohort study
Authors: Blot Koen , Hammami Naïma , Blot Stijn , Vogelaers Dirk , Lambert Marie-Laurence 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) cause increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs that are partially preventable. HABSI seasonality has been described for gram-negative bacteria but has not been stratified per infection origin.Objective:To assess seasonality among all types of HABSIs and their associations with climate.Methods:Hospitals performing surveillance for at least 1 full calendar year between 2000 and 2014 were included. Mixed-effects negative binomial regression analysis calculated the peak-to-low monthly ratio as an adjusted HABSI incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Another regression model examined associations between HABSI rates and climate variables. These analyses were stratified by microorganism and infectious origin.Results:The study population included 104 hospitals comprising 44,111 HABSIs. Regression analysis identified an incidence rate ratio (IRR) peak in August for gram-negative HABSIs (IRR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.49–1.71), CLABSIs (IRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.30–1.70), and urinary tract HABSI (IRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.34–1.74). The gram-negative incidence increased by 13.1% (95% CI, 9.9%–16.4%) for every 5°C increase in temperature. Seasonality was most present among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and the nonfermenters. Gram-positive and pulmonary HABSIs did not demonstrate seasonal variation.Conclusions:Seasonality with summer spikes occurred among gram-negative bacteria, CLABSIs, and urinary tract HABSIs. Higher ambient temperature was associated with gram-negative HABSI rates. The preventable causative factors for seasonality, such as the nurse-to-patient ratio, indoor room temperature or device-utilization, need to be examined to assess areas for improving patient safety.
Seasonal Variation of Methane Microseepage in the Dawanqi Oilfield (China): A Possible Climatic Control
Authors: Zhao Yujia , Wang Guojian , Etiope Giuseppe , Wang Yong , Zhu Zhenzhen , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xufeng , Tang Junhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural gas microseepage in petroleum‐bearing sedimentary basins is an important complement to geophysical methods in oil‐gas exploration and a natural source of methane (CH4) for the atmosphere. Microseepage, typically occurring in correspondence with petroleum fields throughout the world, is generally lower in summer, due to temperature‐driven methanotrophic consumption, and higher in winter. The global estimates of microseepage methane emission have, however, relatively high uncertainties because of limited amounts of flux data, leading to poor knowledge of the spatial distribution and temporal variability of the gas emission factors. We studied the seasonal variation of microseepage flux to the atmosphere from a petroleum field in China (the Dawanqi oilfield), through methane flux measurements performed in summer 2014, winter 2015, and summer 2019. Winter data refer to frozen soil conditions, with snow cover and ice thickness in the soil exceeding 60 cm. Gas concentration (CH4, CO2, C2+ alkanes) and stable C isotopic composition of CH4 and CO2 in shallow (4 m deep) boreholes confirmed the existence of thermogenic gas seepage. Methane microseepage is higher in summer and lower or nil in winter. This seasonal trend is opposite to what was observed in areas where winter soil is not or poorly frozen. Our data suggest that seasonal microseepage variation may not be univocal worldwide, being strongly dependent on the presence of ice and snow cover in winter. The regional increase of temperature due to climate change, already demonstrated for the Tarim Basin over the last 50 years, could, in the future, reduce winter ice and enhance annual methane emission to the atmosphere.
Novel vocalizations are understood across cultures
Authors: Ćwiek Aleksandra , Fuchs Susanne , Draxler Christoph , Asu Eva Liina , Dediu Dan , Hiovain Katri , Kawahara Shigeto , Koutalidis Sofia , Krifka Manfred , Lippus Pärtel , Lupyan Gary , Oh Grace E. , Paul Jing , Petrone Caterina , Ridouane Rachid , Reiter Sabine , Schümchen Nathalie , Szalontai Ádám , Ünal-Logacev Özlem , Zeller Jochen , Winter Bodo , Perlman Marcus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLinguistic communication requires speakers to mutually agree on the meanings of words, but how does such a system first get off the ground? One solution is to rely on iconic gestures: visual signs whose form directly resembles or otherwise cues their meaning without any previously established correspondence. However, it is debated whether vocalizations could have played a similar role. We report the first extensive cross-cultural study investigating whether people from diverse linguistic backgrounds can understand novel vocalizations for a range of meanings. In two comprehension experiments, we tested whether vocalizations produced by English speakers could be understood by listeners from 28 languages from 12 language families. Listeners from each language were more accurate than chance at guessing the intended referent of the vocalizations for each of the meanings tested. Our findings challenge the often-cited idea that vocalizations have limited potential for iconic representation, demonstrating that in the absence of words people can use vocalizations to communicate a variety of meanings.
C646 inhibits G2/M cell cycle-related proteins and potentiates anti-tumor effects in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ono Hiroaki , Kato Tomotaka , Murase Yoshiki , Nakamura Yutaro , Ishikawa Yoshiya , Watanabe Shuichi , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ogura Toshiro , Ogawa Kosuke , Ban Daisuke , Kudo Atsushi , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Tanaka Shinji , Ito Hiromichi , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) plays a central role in an epigenetic modification in cooperation with HDACs (histone deacetyl transferases). It is likely that malfunction of this enzymatic machinery controlling epigenetic modification is relevant to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, in pancreatic cancer, the clinical relevance of HAT activity and histone acetylation has remained unclear. We identified that H3 acetylation was expressed in all pancreatic cancer patients, indicating that H3 acetylation may be essential in pancreatic cancer cells. We also found that the HAT inhibitor C646 augmented anti-tumor effects in vitro by inhibiting cell proliferation and cell cycle progression concomitantly with suppression of acetylated H3K9 and H3K27 expression. C646 or p300 and CBP (CREB-binding protein)-specific siRNA treatment inhibited the transcription of the G2/M cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin B1 and CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1). C646 treatment also inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. C646 could be an effective therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer. The epigenetic status of pancreatic cancers based on their level of histone H3 acetylation may influence patient survival. Epigenetic stratification according to H3K27 acetylation could be useful for predicting disease prognosis as well as the therapeutic efficacy of C646 in pancreatic cancer.
Molecular docking analysis and evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the constituents of Ocimum cufodontii
Authors: Aliye Muhdin , Dekebo Aman , Tesso Hailemichael , Abdo Teshome , Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , Melaku Yadessa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOcimum cufodontii((Lanza) A.J.Paton) has been traditionally used in Ethiopia against bacteria.The extracts of the leaves and roots ofO. cufodontiiafter silica gel column chromatography furnished compounds1–5, compounds3and4are new natural products. The oil from the hydro-distillation of the leaves, after analyzed with GC–MS, has led to the identification ofβ-caryophyllene as a principal component, suggesting the essential oil as medicine and spices to enhance the taste of food. The constituents ofO. cufodontiiwere assessed for their antibacterial activity againstE. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhymuriumandS. aureus.The best activity was displayed againstS. aureusby the hexane extract of the roots, compound4, and the essential oil with an inhibition zone of 17, 15, and 19 mm, respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compound1has better docking efficiency and forms hydrophobic interactions with five amino acids (ARG192, PHE196, GLU185, GLU193, and LYS189). This suggests that the compounds may act as potential inhibitors of DNA gyrase. The constituents were also assessed for their antioxidant activities using DPPH, ferric thicyanate and ferric reducing power assay. The hexane extracts of the roots inhibited the DPPH radical and peroxide formation by 90.5 and 83%, respectively, suggesting the potential of the extract as an antioxidant. Furthermore, the hexane extract of the roots ofO. cufodontiiexhibited the maximum reducing power compared with the EtOAc and methanol extracts. Hence, the activity displayed herein indicated as the plant has great potential as a remedy for diseases caused by bacteria and radicals.
Prediction of daily and cumulative cases for COVID-19 infection based on reproductive number (R0) in Karnataka: a data-driven analytics
Authors: Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa , Patil Sharanagouda S. , Thyagaraju Bharath Prasad Cholanayakanahalli , Ramkrishnappa Srikantha Gowda , Hemadri Divakar , Chandrashekara S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo estimate the reproductive number (R0) of the coronavirus in the present scenario and to predict the incidence of daily and probable cumulative cases, by 20 August, 2020 for Karnataka state in India. The model used serial interval with a gamma distribution and applied ‘early R’ to estimate the R0 and ‘projections’ package in R program. This was performed to mimic the probable cumulative epidemic trajectories and predict future daily incidence by fitting the data to existing daily incidence and the estimated R0 by a model based on the assumption that daily incidence follows Poisson distribution. The maximum-likelihood (ML) value of R0 was 2.242 for COVID-19 outbreak, as on June 2020. The median with 95% CI of R0 values was 2.242 (1.50–3.00) estimated by bootstrap resampling method. The expected number of new cases for the next 60 days would progressively increase, and the estimated cumulative cases would reach 27,238 (26,008–28,467) at the end of 60th day in the future. But, if R0 value was doubled the estimated total number of cumulative cases would increase up to 432,411 (400,929–463,893) and if, R0 increase by 50%, the cases would increase up to 86,386 (80,910–91,861). The probable outbreak size and future daily cumulative incidence are largely dependent on the change in R0 values. Hence, it is vital to expedite the hospital provisions, medical facility enhancement work, and number of random tests for COVID-19 at a very rapid pace to prepare the state for exponential growth in next 2 months.
Effect of a bioconverted product of Lotus corniculatus seed on the axillary microbiome and body odor
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Tagele Setu Bazie , Jo HyungWoo , Kim Min-Chul , Jung YeonGyun , Park Yeong-Jun , So Jai-Hyun , Kim Hae Jin , Kim Ho Jin , Lee Dong-Geol , Kang Seunghyun , Shin Jae-Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe skin microbiome, especially the axillary microbiome, consists of odor-causing bacteria that decompose odorless sweat into malodor compounds, which contributes to the formation of body odor. Plant-derived products are a cheap source of bioactive compounds that are common ingredients in cosmetics. Microbial bioconversion of natural products is an ecofriendly and economical method for production of new or improved biologically active compounds. Therefore, in this study, we tested the potential of aLactobacillus acidophilusKNU-02-mediated bioconverted product (BLC) ofLotus corniculatusseed to reduce axillary malodor and its effect on the associated axillary microbiota. A chemical profile analysis revealed that benzoic acid was the most abundant chemical compound in BLC, which increased following bioconversion. Moreover, BLC treatment was found to reduce the intensity of axillary malodor. We tested the axillary microbiome of 18 study participants, divided equally into BLC and placebo groups, and revealed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing thatStaphylococcus,Corynebacterium,andAnaerococcuswere the dominant taxa, and some of these taxa were significantly associated with axillary malodor. After one week of BLC treatment, the abundance ofCorynebacteriumandAnaerococcus, which are associated with well-known odor-related genes that produce volatile fatty acids, had significantly reduced. Likewise, the identified odor-related genes decreased after the application of BLC. BLC treatment enhanced the richness and network density of the axillary microbial community. The placebo group, on the other hand, showed no difference in the microbial richness, odor associated taxa, and predicted functional genes after a week. The results demonstrated that BLC has the potential to reduce the axillary malodor and the associated odor-causing bacteria, which makes BLC a viable deodorant material in cosmetic products.
Greatly enhanced breakdown strength and energy density in ultraviolet‐irradiated polypropylene
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Li Bao‐Wen , Sun Yi , Zhang Pengxiang , Shen Zhonghui , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce‐Wen , Zhang Shujun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolymer dielectrics have drawn great attentions for applications in advanced electronic devices and power grids because of their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and excellent flexibility. However, the low energy density in polymer dielectric capacitors will hinder the continuous miniaturization of electrical systems. In this work, ultraviolet irradiation is demonstrated to greatly enhance the breakdown strength and energy density of polypropylene. Dramatically improved breakdown strength of 867 MV/m and discharged energy density of 8.0 J/cm3, together with the high energy efficiency of >90%, were simultaneously achieved in polypropylene after ultraviolet irradiation. Our research shows that proper ultraviolet irradiation can effectively improve the energy density of polypropylene without sacrificing its high charge‐discharge efficiency, being potential for applications in power electronics and pulse electric systems.
Prevalence of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Its High-Risk Factors among the Antenatal Women
Authors: John Sony , Vanitha M. , Babu Athira , Sushma Priya , Regina Ashihrii Eloni , Frank Reena Wilma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective A hypertensive disorder during pregnancy seriously endangers the safety of the fetus and women during pregnancy. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and its risk factors among antenatal women. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of PIH and risk factors for PIH among antenatal women in a selected hospital in Mangaluru.
Methods A descriptive study was performed. The study used the total sample size of 400 pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The data was collected with a self-reported checklist. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS 23.
Results The prevalence of PIH was 10.75% that is 43 antenatal women out of 400. In this study, 34.88% had a family history of PIH, 23% had a previous history of PIH, 16% had a history of gestational diabetes, and 20.93% had a history of thyroid problems. The most important risk factors found for PIH in the present study are the previous history of PIH (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.276, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.125–11.836), family history of hypertension (adjusted OR=1.930, 95% CI: 1.130–3.296), and thyroid problems (adjusted OR=1.904, CI: 0.786–4.611).
Conclusion PIH is a common medical disorder associated with pregnancy. We noted that PIH is more prevalent in those who had it in their previous pregnancy. PIH is associated with multiple complications in the mother and the baby and particularly preterm delivery. The timely intervention of regular antenatal checkups, nutrition, health education, etc., can reduce the severity of PIH.
Glossing in the Linguistic Survey of India
Authors: Lahaussois Aimée 
Published: May 2021

Summary
In this article, I explore glossing practices in the period surrounding the publication of the Linguistic
Survey of India (LSI), the large-scale survey of languages spoken on the Indian subcontinent at the turn of the 20th
century, under the stewardship of George Abraham Grierson (1851–1941).
After a brief discussion of the reasons that the LSI constitutes a useful corpus for studying glossing practices,
I provide a detailed examination of the glossing practices used in the text specimens which accompany language descriptions in the
LSI. I then contrast these practices with glossing in materials produced both prior to and subsequent to the LSI, in order to
place the glossing practices established by Grierson within a historical context, thereby contributing a description of one step
in the history of glossing of descriptive linguistic materials.
4. HYPERTENSION RISK ASSOCIATION TO CORONARY HEART DISEASES IN OBESITY PATIENTS AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF THE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA FOR THE YEAR 2019
Authors: Suling Frits R.W. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Modern developments have influenced various fields. Especially changes in lifestyle to diet. Modern lifestyle and diet are starting to appear to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, one of which is coronary heart disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is a cause of death globally with a high enough figure, scoring 7.4 million and increasing every day. In Indonesia, the prevalence of CHD cases is quite high for cardiovascular disease, amounting to 1.5% in 2013. According to age groups, CHD occurs mostly in age groups. 65-74 years (3.6%) age group 75 years and over (3.2%), age group 55-64 years (2.1%) and age group 35-44 years (1.3%). Obesity is one of the risk factors in the increased incidence of CHD. According to Jean Vaguen, there is a close relationship between differences in body morphology or distribution of body fat with health problems related to obesity risk factors. Obesity caused by excessive fat accumulation. Heart and Blood Vessel Disease which is caused by the accumulation of fat in the central part of the body. Another risk factor is hypertension. Hypertension can cause atherosclerosis in the coronary blood vessels in various ways, affecting the force of blood flow, coronary artery endothelial function, permeability of blood vessel walls, adhesiveness of platelets, and remodeling of blood vessels

Objective:
To study the association of hypertension risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease and obesity at the Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta.

Method:
This type of research is an observational study. This study only made observations to patients and did not provide any treatment to patients. The research design used was cross sectional. Research Location: General Hospital of Christian University of Indonesia, Time of study: April to June 2020 The target population in this study were patients with coronary heart disease, both outpatient and inpatient. The sample selection used purposive sampling method.

Conclusion:
There is a significant relationship between hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes on CHD in obese patients at the General Hospital of the Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta for the period 2019.