bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible and Lightweight Ni/MXene Decorated Polyurethane Sponge Composite with Sensitive Strain Sensing Performance for Ultrahigh Terahertz Absorption
Authors: Bai Yu , Qin Feng , Lu Yinxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlexible and lightweight terahertz (THz) absorbers with high absorption performance are urgently indispensable in the application of foreign substance examination, molecular identification and 6G communication. Herein, cost‐effective approaches of autocatalytic plating and dip‐coating with a series of surface grafting are proposed to construct nickel/Ti3C2Tx (Ni/MXene) decorated polyurethane sponge (PUS) composite. The resultant PUS‐Ni/MXene sample exhibits average THz absorption shielding effectiveness (SEA) and absorption proportion of 42.7 dB and 99.9% from 0.1 to 2.2 THz at a thickness of only 1 mm. The THz SEA can achieve 69.8 dB for PUS‐Ni/MXene sample with 8 mm thickness while the specific SE is over 65.8 (dB cm3 g−1), surpassing most absorbers. To better understand the propagation characteristics of THz waves, the electromagnetic interference SEs and electric field distributions are calculated through finite difference time domain simulation, and verified by experiments. Moreover, the foldable and electrical properties endow the PUS‐Ni/MXene composite with smart pressure sensitivity that is promising for strain monitoring. The optimized PUS‐Ni/MXene sensor exhibits high sensitivity under a relatively small strain. And the outstanding long‐term stability and durability are also proved by 1200 stretching–releasing cycles. The as‐prepared THz absorber with excellent pressure sensing performance demonstrates enormous potential in future military and civilian applications.
Critical assessment of initiatives in community college international education
Authors: Raby Rosalind Latiner 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the 1947 Truman Commission, Zook noted a validation of international education for US community colleges and specified two recommendations for the internationalization of US community colleges. The first recommendation was to embrace internationalization in the curriculum, and the second was to create an educational context in which students could gain an international understanding. This article critically assesses the extent to which US community colleges have met Zook's (1947) recommendations. The findings show that internationalization practices are supported by US community college leadership over time, are found in American Association of Community Colleges policies, are the subject of graduate student dissertations, and are the subject of research since the 1960s. The article concludes with a comprehensive set of recommendations for community colleges to support future actionable international agendas intended to serve the next generation of community colleges and their students.
A Core‐Shell Cascade of Chloroperoxidase and Gold Nanoclusters for Asymmetric Hydroxylation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Xia Meng , Wang Zheyu , Du Linhan , Fu Zhongwang , Jiang Guoqiang , Lu Diannan , Wu Jianzhong , Liu Zheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect functionalization of C−H bonds catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) is featured by using H2O2 as both oxygen and electron donor. The catalytic process circumvents expensive electron transporters such as NAD(P)H, making it advantageous for green production of fine chemicals with complex structures. In situ generation and collaborative supplement of H2O2 is strongly desired for an improved productivity and enzyme stability. The present study describes a novel CPO cascade for asymmetric hydroxylation of ethylbenzene yielding (R)‐1‐phenylethanol, in which H2O2 is generated by oxidation of monosaccharides catalyzed by gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). A core‐shell structure of CPO−AuNCs cascade was prepared by using hollow mesoporous silica microspheres (HMSMs) as the support. AuNCs were immobilized on the external surface of HMSMs while CPOs were encapsulated inside the microspheres. Different monosaccharides were examined for H2O2 production as a function of the particle size. It was found that galactose exhibits the highest productivity. The high compatibility of CPO and AuNCs against temperature and pH is advantageous in catalyzing a wide spectrum of reactions for C−H functionalization.
Reactivity of Phosphino‐naphtholate Nickel Complexes and Their Catalysis of Copolymerization with Polar Monomers
Authors: Wang Xu‐ling , Zhang Yan‐Ping , Pan Li , Wang Fei , Luo Shui‐yuan , Li Yue‐sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoordination‐insertion copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers can directly provide value‐added functionalized polyolefins. Studies on the reactivity of catalysts toward polar monomers can help understand the copolymerization process and then tune the polymerization strategically. In this contribution, the reactivity picture of 2‐diphenylphosphonyl‐8‐phenylnaphthol nickel complex toward fundamental polar monomers was explored by stoichiometric reactions. The insertion rates are in the order of methyl acrylate (MA)>n‐butyl acrylate (BA)>N, N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA)>methyl methacrylate (MMA)>vinyl triethoxysilane (VTEoS)>N‐vinyl‐pyrrolidinone (NVP). Acrylic derivatives of MA, BA and DMAA with electron‐withdrawing group favor 2,1‐fashion while non‐acrylic NVP with electron‐donating group prefers 1,2‐fashion. Notably, the 1,1‐disubstituted MMA and bulky VTEoS perform a preferential 1,2‐insertion accompanying by 2,1‐insertion in the percentage of 82 : 18 and 62 : 38, respectively, because of the stronger steric effect. These insights correlate to the copolymerization of polar monomers with ethylene. Linear functional polyethylene with in‐chain and terminal incorporation of BA, DMAA or VTEoS is afforded at a high activity.
Continuous monitoring of EDTA extractable iron from mineral slurries using a microfluidic chip
Authors: Yang Daisy , Shallan Aliaa I. , Breadmore Michael C. , Greet Christopher , Priest Craig 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn mineral processing, iron oxidation species formed on the mineral surface play a dominant role in depressing mineral flotation and must be monitored. Current analytical methods rely on off‐line sample preparation followed by conventional analytical techniques, which are labour intensive and time delayed. This paper reports the successful application of an open microfluidic chip for real‐time continuous monitoring of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) extractable iron (derived from iron oxidation species) in mineral slurries. A detailed mineralogical study of the mineral ore before and after leaching by EDTA has been undertaken to understand the leaching behaviour of the EDTA‐slurry extraction system, showing good agreement with solution analysis.
Combined adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithm for e‐learning resilience assessment during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shokouhifar Mohammad , Pilevari Nazanin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGiven the growing use of e‐learning and expansion of internet‐based infrastructure during COVID‐19 epidemic, the need for a resilient approach to e‐learning systems is deeply felt. This article introduces a combined technique utilizing adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithm (GA), named ANFIS‐GA, to evaluate e‐learning resilience. In the proposed ANFIS model, 22 features from five main factors including individual, technology, content, agility, and assessment/support factors are used as fuzzy inputs, while the e‐learning resilience is considered as a single output of the model. To select the most significant features for the evaluation of the e‐learning resilience, an evolutionary feature selection based on GA is used. The proposed ANFIS‐GA model has been successfully developed for evaluation of e‐learning resilience in virtual Iranian university. According to the obtained results, agility is the most important factor, and then, technology and assessment/support factors have the next priorities to evaluate e‐learning resilience in virtual Iranian university. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there is no significant difference between the experts' opinion and the resilience obtained via the proposed model. The proposed ANFIS‐GA model can be used in any educational institution to evaluate the improvement of resilience in e‐learning.
Sustainable Sorbitol Dehydration to Isosorbide using Solid Acid Catalysts: Transition from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System
Authors: Brandi Francesco , Al‐Naji Majd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIsosorbide is one of the most interesting cellulosic‐derived molecules with great potential to be implemented in wide range of products that shaping our daily life. This Review describes the recent developments in the production of isosorbide from sorbitol in batch and continuous‐flow systems under hydrothermal conditions using solid acid catalysts. Moreover, the current hurdles and challenges regarding the synthesis of isosorbide from cellulosic biomass in continuous‐flow process using solid acid catalysts are summarized, as well as the scaling‐up of this process into pilot level, which will lead to an established industrial process with high sustainability metrics.
Galactose Oxidase Enables Modular Assembly of Conjugates from Native Antibodies with High Drug‐to‐Antibody Ratios**
Authors: Angelastro Antonio , Barkhanskiy Alexey , Mattey Ashley P. , Pallister Edward G. , Spiess Reynard , Goundry William , Barran Perdita , Flitsch Sabine L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe potential of antibody conjugates with high drug loading in anticancer therapy has recently been highlighted by the approval of Trastuzumab deruxtecan and Sacituzumab govitecan. These biopharmaceutical approaches have spurred interest in bioconjugation strategies with high and defined degrees of drug‐to‐antibody ratio (DAR), in particular on native antibodies. Here, a glycoengineering methodology was developed to generate antibody drug conjugates with DAR of up to eight, by combining highly selective enzymatic galactosylation and oxidation with biorthogonal tandem Knoevenagel–Michael addition chemistry. This four‐step approach offers a selective route to conjugates from native antibodies with high drug loading, and thus illustrates how biocatalysis can be used for the generation of biopharmaceuticals using mild reaction conditions.
YAP maintains the production of intermediate progenitor cells and upper‐layer projection neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Su Yi‐Ching , Hung Tzu‐Heng , Wang Tzu‐Fang , Lee Ying‐Hsuan , Wang Tsu‐Wei , Yu Jenn‐Yah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Hippo pathway is conserved through evolution and plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator downstream of the Hippo pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of YAP promotes proliferation in the developing brain. Whether YAP is required for the production of neural progenitor cells or neurons in vivo remains unclear.ResultsWe demonstrated that SATB homeobox 2 (SATB2)‐positive projection neurons (PNs) in upper layers, but not T‐box brain transcription factor 1‐positive and Coup‐TF interacting protein 2‐positive PNs in deep layers, were decreased in the neonatal cerebral cortex of Yap conditional knockout (cKO) mice driven by Nestin‐Cre. Cell proliferation was reduced in the developing cerebral cortex of Yap‐cKO. SATB2‐positive PNs are largely generated from intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), which are derived from radial glial cells (RGCs) during cortical development. Among these progenitor cells, IPCs but not RGCs were decreased in Yap‐cKO. We further demonstrated that cell cycle re‐entry was reduced in progenitor cells of Yap‐cKO, suggesting that fewer IPCs were generated in Yap‐cKO.ConclusionYAP is required for the production of IPCs and upper‐layer SATB2‐positive PNs during development of the cerebral cortex in mice.
Interfacial defect passivation by novel phosphonium salts yields 22% efficiency perovskite solar cells: Experimental and theoretical evidence
Authors: He Dongmei , Zhou Tingwei , Liu Baibai , Bai Le , Wang Wenqi , Yuan Hongkuan , Xu Cunyun , Song Qunliang , Lee Donghwa , Zang Zhigang , Ding Liming , Chen Jiangzhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe modified perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interface by using two novel phosphonium salts containing PF6− counter anion (i.e., ClTPPPF6 and BrTPPPF6). The cation and anion in phosphonium salts possess not only ionic bonds but also coordination bonds with perovskites. The anion and cation vacancies at the surface and GBs of perovskite films can be filled by phosphonium cations and PF6− anions, respectively, resulting in reduced defect density and prolonged carrier lifetimes. The stronger chemical interaction and accordingly better defect passivation were certified for BrTPPPF6 than ClTPPPF6. As a result, the devices modified by ClTPPPF6 and BrTPPPF6 deliver a PCE of 21.73% and 22.15%, respectively, which far exceed 20.6% of the control device. The unsealed BrTPPPF6 modified device maintains 98.2% of its initial efficiency value after thermal aging of 1320 h whereas merely 84.7% for the control device. 96.4% of its original efficiency was retained for BrTPPPF6‐modified device after ambient exposure of 2016 h.image
Frequency dependence and the predictability of evolution in a changing environment
Authors: Chevin Luis-Miguel , Gompert Zachariah , Nosil Patrik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrequency-dependent (FD) selection, whereby fitness and selection depend on the genetic or phenotypic composition of the population, arises in numerous ecological contexts (competition, mate choice, crypsis, mimicry, etc.) and can strongly impact evolutionary dynamics. In particular, negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) is well known for its ability to potentially maintain stable polymorphisms, but it has also been invoked as a source of persistent, predictable frequency fluctuations. However, the conditions under which such fluctuations persist are not entirely clear. In particular, previous work rarely considered that FD is unlikely to be the sole driver of evolutionary dynamics when it occurs, because most environments are not static but instead change dynamically over time. Here, we investigate how FD interacts with a temporally fluctuating environment to shape the dynamics of population genetic change. We show that a simple metric introduced by Lewontin, the slope of frequency change against frequency near equilibrium, works as a key criterion for distinguishing microevolutionary outcomes, even in a changing environment. When this slope D is between 0 and –2 (consistent with the empirical examples we review), substantial fluctuations would not persist on their own in a large population occupying a constant environment, but they can still be maintained indefinitely as quasi-cycles fueled by environmental noise or genetic drift. However, such moderate NFDS buffers and temporally shifts evolutionary responses to periodic environments (e.g., seasonality). Stronger FD, with slope D &lt; –2, can produce self-sustained cycles that may overwhelm responses to a changing environment, or even chaos that fundamentally limits predictability. This diversity of expected outcomes, together with the empirical evidence for both FD and environment-dependent selection, suggests that the interplay of internal dynamics with external forcing should be investigated more systematically to reach a better understanding and prediction of evolution.
Scaling laws for natural convection boundary layer of a Pr > 1 fluid on a vertical solid surface subject to a sinusoidal heating flux in a linearly stratified ambient
Authors: Lin Wenxian , Armfield S. W. , Khatamifar Mehdi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe understanding of the transient behavior of the natural convection boundary layer on a heated vertical solid surface is crucial for numerous applications. In this study, scaling analysis is performed to derive the scaling laws for the major parameters that characterize the transient behavior of natural convection boundary layer of a Prandtl number larger than 1 fluid on a vertical solid surface subject to a sinusoidal heating flux in a linearly stratified ambient. It is found that the developed scaling laws are in good agreement with the direct numerical simulation results over wide ranges of Prandtl number, stratification parameter, and frequency of the sinusoidal heat flux.
Update on neurological symptoms in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2
Authors: Xiao Mei‐Fang , You Zhi‐Jian , Zeng Chang , Huang Ze‐Bing , Dong Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) is the latest and most intense epidemic, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In addition to causing respiratory symptoms, SARS‐CoV‐2 can have severe effects on the nervous system. Clinically, COVID‐19 patients have been reported ranging from mild hypogeusia and hyposmia to severe neurological disorders, such as encephalopathy, encephalitis, strokes, and seizures syndrome. However, the pathological mechanisms of this SARS‐CoV‐2 neuro aggressiveness remain unclear, so it is of great significance to explore the neurological effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. To facilitate clinicians to timely recognize the manifestations of COVID‐19 patients with neurological injury and timely treatment, the author hereby reviews the latest research progress in the possible pathways, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of COVID‐19 patients with nerve injury.
Clinical efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation treatment in adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mashiah Jacob , Karady Tal , Fliss‐Isakov Naomi , Sprecher Eli , Slodownik Dan , Artzi Ofir , Samuelov Liat , Ellenbogen Eran , Godneva Anastasia , Segal Eran , Maharshak Nitsan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a remitting relapsing chronic eczematous pruritic disease. Several studies suggest that gut microbiota may influence AD by immune system regulation.MethodsWe performed the first in‐human efficacy and safety assessment of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for AD adult patients. All patients received 2 placebo transplantations followed by 4 FMTs each 2 weeks apart. AD severity and fecal microbiome profile were evaluated by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Score (SCORAD), the weekly frequency of topical corticosteroids usage, and gut microbiota metagenomic analysis, at the study beginning, before every FMT, and 1–8 months after the last FMT.ResultsNine patients completed the study protocol. There was no significant change in the SCORAD score following the two placebo transplants. The average SCORAD score significantly decreased from baseline at Weeks 4–12 (before and 2 weeks after 4 times of FMT) (59.2 ± 34.9%, Wilcoxon p = .011), 50% and 75% decrease was achieved by 7 (77%) and 4 (44%) patients, respectively. At Week 18 (8 weeks after the last FMT) the average SCORAD score decreased from baseline at Week 4 (85.5 ± 8.4%, Wilcoxon p = .018), 50% and 75% decrease was achieved by 7 (77%) and 6 (66.7%) patients respectively. Weekly topical corticosteroids usage was diminished during the study and follow‐up period as well. Two patients had a quick relapse and were switched to a different treatment. Two patients developed exacerbations alleviated after an additional fifth FMT.Metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota of patients and donors showed bacterial strains transmission from donors to patients. No adverse events were recorded during the study and follow‐up period.ConclusionsFMT may be a safe and effective therapeutic intervention for AD patients, associated with transfer of specific microbial species from the donors to the patients. Further studies are required to reconfirm these results.
Efficient feature subset selection and classification using levy flight‐based cuckoo search optimization with parallel support vector machine for the breast cancer data
Authors: Sashi Rekha Krishnamoorthy , Miruna Joe Amali Suthanthira Amalraj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe complexity of breast cancer classification is a drastic concern for a long time. Therefore, different algorithms for data mining have been developed and used to effectively classify the dataset of breast cancer. But, due to inefficient subset choice of this operation, these algorithms have problems in accuracy of classification. In this article, levy flight–based cuckoo search optimization (LFCSO) with parallel support vector machine (PSVM) is proposed for enhancing the classification accuracy of breast cancer. The proposed LFCSO‐PSVM technique includes three key steps: (i) preprocessing, (ii) feature selecting subset, and (iii) classification. Preprocessing is carried out using k‐means clustering that is required to eliminate the values. To acquire maximum detailed feature, these attributes are transmitted to the process the feature selecting subset, which is executed by LFCSO algorithm, and the aspiration function is used to determine the essential feature on the basis of proper fitness values. Then, the PSVM algorithm is implemented to classify the model for training and testing. This is used to increase the accuracy of the classification for the breast cancer dataset. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed LFCSO‐PSVM algorithm provides higher efficiency of classification than the existing algorithms in terms of precision, recall, f‐measurement, and reliability.
An alternative approach for determining the cholesterol level: Iris analysis
Authors: Ozbilgin Ferdi , Kurnaz Cetin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between individuals' cholesterol levels and the width of the sodium ring was investigated. Firstly, iris images were taken of 100 individuals with total cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dL and above. The average grey scale value (AGSV) for each iris image with a sodium ring was calculated. Secondly, the relationship between the AGSV and cholesterol levels was investigated. Finally, a new mathematical model was proposed that described the relationship between AGSV and total cholesterol with ~89% accuracy. The relationship between AGSV and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels was calculated with an accuracy of 80.5%, 85.1%, and 79.9%, respectively. In addition, AGSV was determined with 90% accuracy using total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides using multiple linear regression. Although multiple linear regression gives better AGSV, the results have shown that multilayer perceptron (MLP) mapping method gives better accuracy up to 6.62%.