bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilization of γδ T Cells and IL-10 Production at the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Cytomegalovirus Carriers
Authors: Barragué Hugo , Fontaine Jessica , Abravanel Florence , Mauré Emilie , Péron Jean-Marie , Alric Laurent , Dubois Martine , Izopet Jacques , Champagne Eric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Alterations in the γδ T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)–g3. We now report the analysis of blood γδ T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-Vδ2 (ND2) γδ T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant Vδ2 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMVpos controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in γδ subsets of HCMVpos individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMVneg but not in HCMVpos HEV patients. γδ cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2/12/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-γ and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-γ–producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3/CD28–activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMVpos HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMVneg HEV patients, implying that γδ cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.
Knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination status among college of medicine students in Enugu State, south-east, Nigeria
Authors: Orji Chinonyelu , Chime Onyinye , Nwoke Ijeoma Ngozi , Madu Anselem , Aneke Tonna 
Published: January 2021

Background: College of Medicine students are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B since they come in contact with infected patients during their training program and are expected to have proper knowledge of the hepatitis B virus infection and know their vaccination status.
The aim of the work: To determine the level of knowledge of hepatitis B virus and the vaccination status among college of medicine students in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. Methods: A school-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried among college of medicine students at ESUT College of Medicine, Enugu State. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 437 students. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version (SPSS) 22 and a p-value of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.3 ± 3.7 years and the majority were single (91.1%) and female (54.7%). A high proportion (68.2%) of the students had a good knowledge of HBV while a minority (20.0%) were aware of their vaccination status. Lack of vaccination programs for students (36.6%) and poor awareness of HBV vaccine for adults (32.5%) were the commoner reasons for non-vaccination. While final year students, (95% CI=1.73-28.92), respondents who consume herbal concussions (95% CI= 0.98-2.96) and those who were at least 30 years old (95% CI=0.32-5.16) were 7.1, 1.7 and 1.3 times respectively more likely to have good knowledge of HBV disease, females (95% CI=0.30-0.83) and respondents who consumed alcohol (95% CI= 0.32-0.89) were about twice less likely to have poor knowledge of HBV than males and non-alcohol consumers.
Conclusion: Although most of the students had a good knowledge of HBV infection their vaccination status was low indicating the need for government to make a policy that would mandate that all college of medicine students should get vaccinated as part of the admission process.
La dimensione etica nella formazione infermieristica: un problema di stile di vita, di contenuti specifici e di integrazione culturale
Authors: Binetti Paola 
Published: January 2021

La recente entrata in vigore della nuova Tabella XVIII ter, che contiene l’ordinamento didattico di tutti i diplomi universitari afferenti alla Facoltà di medicina offre, rispetto alla precedente, maggiori spazi per lo studio della Bioetica, sia come disciplina a sè stante sia come disciplina trasversale, punto di riferimento essenziale anche per gli altri corsi.
La Bioetica, collocata al termine del corso di studi nel cuore del corso di Diritto sanitario, deontologia e Bioetica applicata, può trovare i suoi fondamenti culturali nello studio della Antropologia, - parte integrante delle Scienze umane previste nel II anno di Corso, e della Storia e Filosofia della Medicina, corso previsto nel III anno. La proposta formativa del LIU è quella di anticipare una serie di crediti del corso di Filosofia della Medicina al I anno, in modo da aumentare l’esposizione dello studente alle problematiche di tipo etico, inserendole fn dal primo momento nel suo progetto educativo.
Obiettivo di fondo è quello di fare della Bioetica e delle sue implicazioni culturali la rete concettuale di riferimento, vera struttura portante, di tutto l’edificio formativo dello studente del DUI, dal momento che una vera innovazione oggi è possibile solo nel quadro di valori etici con cui l’infermiere si relaziona con il malato e la sua famiglia, elabora risposte coerenti per le nuove esigenze emergenti sul territorio e si dispone ad affrontare una linea di ricerca di alto profilo scientifico.
Responsabilità etico-deontologiche del medico del lavoro di fronte all’infezione da HIV
Authors: Spagnolo Spagnolo , Magnavita N. , Morgani A.R. , Tortoreto F. , Sgreccia E. 
Published: January 2021

Fra i problemi etico-sociali che l’infezione da HIV ha sollevato, quello delle ripercussioni in ambito lavorativo è certamente rilevante, sia per l’aumento della sieropositività fra la popolazione lavorativa sia per il possibile verificarsi di condotte discriminanti come l’ingiustificato rifiuto di un posto di lavoro o l’allontanamento da esso.
Fra le molte responsabilità coinvolte e correlate fra loro, la riflessione e lo studio degli autori si incentrano su quella del medico del lavoro che, infatti, è chiamato a valutare situazioni delicate come la reale entità del rischio di infezione connesso con lo specifico lavorativo e con la presenza di lavoratori infetti, l’influenza negativa dell’ambiente lavorativo su tali lavoratori, la loro idoneità ai compiti lavorativi specifici. La funzione valutativa del medico del lavoro, dunque, esige competenza scientifico-professionale ma implica anche una dimensione di responsabilità etico-deontologica, strettamente connessa a particolari aspetti della infezione da HIV come quello della riservatezza, della discriminazione, della imposizione di procedure non scientificamente fondate, dell’attività di prevenzione e di formazione.
Dopo un’analisi della normativa italiana ed auropea a riguardo, gli autori descrivono un’indagine conoscitiva svolta fra i medici del lavoro della regione Lazio, invitati a fornire le proprie opinioni circa alcuni aspetti cruciali dell’infezione da HIV, tramite un questionario di quindici domande.
Dalla calutazione e dalla discussione dei dati emersi da tale indagine scaturiscono necessarie considerazioni che in conclusione portano gli autori a delineare gli obiettivi prioritari da perseguire in materia di infezione da HIVnell’ambiente di lavoro: 1) tutela dei diritti dei soggetti colpiti dall’infezione; 2) informazione e formazione dei lavoratori; 3) salubrità dell’ambiente di lavoro.
Ingegneria tessutale: bioetica e prodotti bioartificiali
Authors: Donati Luigi , Tallacchini Mariachiara 
Published: January 2021

Con ingegneria tessutale (IT) si fa riferimento a un campo disciplinare che applica i principi dell’ingegneria e delle scienze della vita per la realizzazione di sostituti biologici che ripristinino, mantengano o migliorino le funzioni di tessuti o organi. Questo nuovo settore di ricerca e applicazione clinica, che attualmente consente di realizzare principalmente cute, cartilagine e osso semiartificiali, può in prospettiva sostituire le tecnologie dei trapianti di organi naturali. Ma l’ingegneria dei tessuti pone dei quesiti bioetici: alcuni di tipo generale, implicati anche da altre questioni di interesse bioetico, altri ad essa peculiari. Quesiti generali sono, per esempio, i limiti della donazione di tessuti e i rapporti tra il mercato e la scienza. Un problema che l’ingegneria dei tessuti pone invece con sfumature inedite verte sullo statuto da riconoscere ai prodotti bioartificiali: entità che utilizzano (in alcuni casi) tessuti umani, ma che si collocano al confine tra naturale e artificiale. Interessante è, inoltre, nella ridefinizione della coppia naturale/artificiale, il ruolo assunto dal diritto, che in particolare con le norme sulla brevettabilità del biologico - integra ormai la scienza nella definizione delle stesse realtà scientifiche, e che diventa, quindi, al pari della scienza, un elemento fatturale da sottoporre al vaglio etico.
Data la novità della materia, l’articolo ha un intento essenzialmente descrittivo: l’esposizione dei più importanti conseguimenti dell’ingegneria dei tessuti e dei temi di interesse bioetico che esigono un dibattito.
Comparison of ringer's lactate and plasmalyte-a as cardiopulmonary bypass prime for bypass associated acidosis in valve replacement surgeries
Authors: Surabhi Sandill , Kumar Meenakshi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
A wide range of acid base fluctuations are seen during Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the development of metabolic acidosis is well recognized. We conducted a study tocompare the metabolic effects of Ringer lactate and Plasmalyte-A as CPB prime in causing bypass associated acidosis in valve replacement surgeries.

Methods:
We performed a prospective, randomized controlled study on a total of 80 adult patients undergoing CPB for valvular heart surgeries. The patients were randomized into two groups: Group I (Ringer Lactate) and Group II (Plasmalyte-A). Arterial blood samples were taken before initiating CPB, 30 minutes after starting CPB, then every half hourly till termination of CPB and after half an hour stay in the ICU post operatively to analyze primarily H+ ions, bicarbonates, lactate and strong ion difference.

Results and Discussion:
The results were analyzed in a quantitative manner. In Ringer Lactate group, during CPB, there was reduction in pH from 7.428 ± 0.029 at T1 to 7.335 ± 0.06 (P < 0.01) and 7.358 ± 0.06 (P < 0.01) at T2 and T3 respectively. Mean bicarbonates decreased in Ringer Lactate group during CPB from 24.28 ± 1.65 mEq/L at T1 to 20.98 ± 2.97 mEq/L at T2 (P < 0.01). In Plasmalyte-A group, mean pH, bicarbonate, strong ion difference (SID) were comparable at all time intervals (P > 0.05). In Ringer Lactate group, maximum surge in mean blood lactate levels was seen from 0.85 ± 0.35 mmol/l at T1 to 4.29 ± 1.78 mmol/L (P < 0.01) and 4.17 ± 1.28 mmol/L (P < 0.01) at T2 and T3, respectively. Such surge was not seen in Plasmalyte-A group. The mean SID decreased during the CPB in Ringer Lactate group from 41.102 mEq/L at T1 to 35.66 mEq/L (P = 0.033) at T2 implying metabolic acidosis. Numbered patients having hypotension and arrhythmias were also higher in Ringer Lactate group again indicating higher acidosis.

Conclusion:
The different composition of Plasmalyte-A and Ringer Lactate have different metabolic implications for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients who received Plasmalyte-A as cardiopulmonary bypass prime developed less metabolic acidosis. Hence we conclude that Plasmalyte-A is the preferred cardiopulmonary bypass prime in adult patients undergoing valve replacement surgeries.
Comparison of thromboelastography with routine laboratory coagulation parameters to assess the hemostatic profile and prognosticate postoperative critically ill patients
Authors: Bhattacharyya Amrita , Tewari Prabhat , Gupta Devendra 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Patients undergoing surgery often demonstrate coagulopathy. Usually, this derangement in coagulation is assessed by the laboratory based evaluation of blood samples. However, collection of samples, their transportation to the lab, and the analyses can result in several errors and as such these tests may not be representative of the complete coagulation process. In our study, we compared the lab coagulation parameters with the point of care TEG indices and attempted to compare the outcome prediction of our patients based on the TEG indices and the various practiced ICU scores.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study was conducted between May 2014 and May 2015. Fifty adult patients who had undergone noncardiac surgery and had developed new onset 2 or more than 2 system involvement in the postoperative period were enrolled in the study. They were sampled simultaneously for lab coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, INR, fibrinogen, and platelet count) and TEG on days 1, 3, and 5 post admission.

Results:
There were significant differences between TEG and lab coagulation parameters on day 1 of the study 1 (P = 0.004) but not on days 3 and 5. On days 1 and 3 of our study, the ICU scores (SOFA and APACHE II) were significantly higher in the group with deranged TEG parameters (P = 0.003, 0.02). The patient subpopulation with deranged TEG parameters had significantly higher mortality at median survival time (P = 0.014). Such a difference was not found in patients with higher ICU scores or deranged lab coagulation times. We constructed a ROC curve and arrived at a cutoff value of the reaction time to predict the median survival day mortality.

Conclusions:
The agreement between TEG and conventional lab parameters remains poor but the TEG parameters seem to be more deranged in sicker patients. As the relationship between the overall severity of illness and derangement in the hemostatic system has been well explored in medical literature, TEG may be a more appropriate modality in such patients.
Preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery
Authors: Chou Jody , Ma Michael , Gylys Maryte , Salvatierra Nicolas , Kim Robert , Ailin Barseghian , Rinehart Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The prognostic value of right ventricular systolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery is unknown. Here, we aim to evaluate whether presence of preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction in this surgical cohort is independently associated with higher incidence of postoperative major adverse cardiac events and all-cause in-hospital mortality.

Methods:
This is a single-centered retrospective study. Patients identified as American Society Anesthesiology Classification III and IV who had a preoperative echocardiogram within 1 year of undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery between January 2010 and May 2017 were included in the study. Incidence of postoperative major cardiac adverse events and all-cause in-hospital mortality were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a step-wise manner to identify independent association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction with outcomes of interest.

Results:
Preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was not associated with postoperative major adverse cardiac events (P = 0.26). However, there was a strong association between preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction and all-cause in-hospital mortality (P = 0.00094). After multivariate analysis, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction continued to be an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital mortality with an odds ratio of 18.9 (95% CI: 1.8-201.7; P = 0.015).

Conclusion:
In this retrospective study of high-risk patients undergoing non-emergent open abdominal surgery, preexisting right ventricular systolic dysfunction was found to have a strong association with all-cause in-hospital mortality.
Smoking behavior after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Ampatzidou Fotini , Ioannidis Rafail , Drosos Odysseas , Mavromanolis Charisios , Vlahou Athanasia , Drossos George 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Tobacco smoking represents a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Our study aimed to investigate whether Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery could act as a motivating factor to enforce smoking cessation. Specifically, we observed the success rate in individuals who quitted smoking, along with the number and reasons of relapse(s) at least one year after the operation.

Methods:
The pre-operative characteristics, pre-operative tobacco exposure, socioeconomic factors and perioperative complications in patients who underwent isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery in our Department from June 2012 to September 2016 were reviewed. Our survey was conducted via phone interview and using a standardized questionnaire. Only patients who were current smokers at the time of surgery were interviewed.

Results:
Our study group consisted of a total of 120 patients, 91 (75.8%) reported initially quitting tobacco smoking. Because of relapse(s), one year after the procedure the number of patients who were still non-smokers dropped to 69 (57.5%). Smoking cessation attempts were not supported by professional assistance.

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that there is a desire from CABG patients to quit smoking, as indicated by the high percentage of initial attempts in early postoperative period. However, a year after the procedure, only 57.5% of CABG patients were able to achieve or maintain smoking cessation. Patients who were retired or who were unemployed at the time of the surgery, found it easier to stop smoking than patients who were active employees. Patients who lived alone at the time of surgery also found it harder to stop smoking. Finally, patients with COPD also found quitting smoking harder in the post-operative period.
Modulation of Telocytes in Women with Preeclampsia
Authors: Abu-Dief Eman Elsayed , Elsayed Hoda M. , Atia Esraa W. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Fawzy Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Telocytes (TCs) are networking cells with enigmatic functions. Placenta is a noninnervated organ with the TCs could have function of signal transmission to placental myofibroblasts, being likely a regulator for maternal blood flow. Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease complicating the second half of pregnancy associated with hypoxia probably due to failure of vascular remodeling of spiral arteries resulting in poor placental perfusion. We hypothesized that disturbance in the morphology of TCs may have a role in the pathogenesis of PE.

Materials and Methods:
Women with normal or physiological pregnancy (Group I; 15 women) and with PE (Group II; 15 women) participated in this study. Specimens were obtained from the central cotyledons and the superficial myometrium beneath the implantation sites processed for light microscopy and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, toluidine blue, masson trichrome, and CD117.

Results:
The villi of group II has thick-walled blood vessels with increased peri-villous fibrinoid deposition, reduced areas of vasculosyncytial membrane and apparent increase in connective tissue density. Morphometric study and statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the mean number of syncytial knots and significant decrease in placental (villous and decidual) and myometrial TCs and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) beneath the placental implantation site in Group II (P < 0.011) in comparison with group I.

Conclusions:
PE is associated with significantly low number of placental TCs interestingly with low number of EVTs. Further studies are needed to support our findings.
Evaluación estética de seis tipos de coronas para dientes primarios
Authors: Ramírez Peña Héctor Alejandro , Rangel Padilla Eyra Elvyra , Martínez-Menchaca Héctor R. , Rivera Silva Gerardo , Arredondo Campo Gabriela , Barba Borrego Natalia , Martínez Gustavo Israel , Valencia Hitte Roberto 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar las preferencias estéticas en relación con el color y la forma de coronas primarias utilizadas para dientes incisivos superiores primarios, mediante la realización de una encuesta a miembros de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediatrica (AMOP). Material y Métodos: Se establecieron seis grupos de estudio con seis coronas diferentes: grupo 1, coronas de zirconia EZ-Pedo; grupo 2, coronas de zirconia NuSmile Zr; grupo 3, coronas estéticas hechas en el consultorio; grupo 4, coronas de fundas de celuloide; grupo 5, coronas estéticas prefabricadas NuSmile signature; y grupo 6, coronas estéticas fenestradas. Se llevaron a cabo encuestas con la finalidad de conocer las preferencias estéticas de estas diferentes coronas, con la finalidad de conocer cuál es la mejor opción para su uso en el consultorio dental. Resultados: Noventa miembros de la AMOP realizaron una encuesta válida, y se determinó que el grupo 4 fue el mejor evaluado, seguido de los grupos 2, 5, 1, 6 y 3. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos. Conclusiones: Las coronas de fundas de celuloide fueron seleccionadas como mejor alternativa de uso en los dientes primarios anteriores, por parte de los miembros de la AMOP; asimismo, se consideró a las coronas de zirconia como una buena opción terapéutica. Es recomendable que se implemente el tratamiento estético en dientes primarios, para realizar un tratamiento integral.
Evaluación in vitro de la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color de dos tipos de ionómeros de vidrio, luego de ser sometidos a diferentes bebidas
Authors: Carrillo Tabakman Marisol , Ugarte Nuñez David E , Benitez Catirse Alma Blasida Concepcion Elizaur , Nelson Filho Paulo 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue analizar la rugosidad superficial y la alteración de color de dos tipos de ionómeros vítreos luego de ser sometidos a diferentes soluciones. En una matriz de teflón (8x2mm), fueron confeccionados 60 cuerpos de prueba con 2 tipos de ionómeros fotopolimerizables: 30 para el Fuji II LC (M1) y otros 30 para el Ketac N100 (M2). El aparato utilizado fue el Elipar Freelight 2 3M Espe. La fotopolimerización se realizó por 20 segundos cada cuerpo de prueba. Luego de la confección, los sesenta cuerpos de prueba fueron mantenidos en gasa humedecida por 24 hs en estufa a 37ºC y luego se clasificaron y luego se dividieron en tres grupos de 10 cada uno para ser sometidos a 3 tipos diferentes de soluciones: agua destilada (S1), bebida carbonatada (S2) y jugo cítrico (S3) por 90 segundos diariamente durante 14 días. Las lecturas de la alteración de color, obtenidas a través de un colorímetro, y las de rugosidad superficial, realizadas por medio del rugosímetro, fueron realizadas a las 48 hs. (T0) y luego a los 14 días (T1). Los resultados obtenidos fueron sometidos al test ANOVA y Tukey (p?0.05). Los resultados mostraron que; a) La bebida carbonatada (S2) tuvo mayor media de alteración de color (?E*) en relación a las otras soluciones, b) que Ketac N100 (M2) tuvo mayor media con respecto a la rugosidad superficial en la interacción material por solución. Por tanto, se concluyó que trascurrido determinado período de tiempo las propiedades estéticas y físico-mecánicas de los materiales estudiados se ven afectados.