bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of the Stress Changes Associated With the Growth of Acne Keloids
Authors: Ishii Nobuaki , Akaishi Satoshi , Akimoto Masataka , Ichinose Shizuko , Usami Satoshi , Dohi Teruyuki , Ogawa Rei 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Almost half of all spontaneously occurring keloids are acne keloids on the anterior chest. These keloids often grow in a crab-claw shape due to predominant tractional stresses on the scar; such stresses are risk factors for keloid growth/progression. To understand the relationship between acne keloid growth and mechanical stress, we conducted finite element analysis (FEA), measured the long/short dimensions of photographed acne keloids, and subjected acne keloids to microscopy.

Methods:
FEA was conducted on 10 identically shaped ellipsoidal keloids whose long-axis length rose from 5 to 50 mm in 5-mm increments. They were embedded in the skin and subjected to traction. The stress on the keloid and its surrounding tissues was determined. Dimensions of 220 acne keloids were measured. Electron/light microscopy was conducted on the center, margins, and surrounding tissues of chest acne keloids.

Results:
FEA showed that as the keloid “grew,” the tractional stress centered on its core, then became evenly distributed, and then focused increasingly on the tractioned keloid margin, especially its shallow dermis. This is associated with increasing stress in the surrounding tissues at the keloid margin. Clinical dimension measurements showed that acne keloids remained round until 4–5 mm, after which they elongated rapidly. Electron microscopy showed that in the surrounding skin, fragments of keratinocyte, fibrin, and numerous cell fragments were observed just below the epidermal basement membrane.

Conclusions:
Keloid-prone acne should be treated with steroid tape or other keloid therapy when it reaches 4–5 mm in diameter.
Scleral fixated intraocular lens techniques for the vitreoretinal surgeon: an update
Authors: Khan M. Ali 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
To describe recent evidence regarding surgical techniques for secondary scleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs), with attention to information most relevant to the surgical practice of vitreoretinal surgeons.

Recent findings
Recent studies have reported favorable outcomes in patients treated with scleral fixation of IOLs using Gore-Tex suture and flanged intrascleral haptic fixation (ISHF). ISHF can be achieved using trocar-cannulas or double needle-based techniques. Recent data has focused on refractive outcomes data, as well as postoperative complications related to specific IOL choices, including haptic breakage, rotation/ tilt, and opacification. Studies directly comparing Gore-Tex sutured and ISHF techniques offer additional insights.

Summary
Favorable refractive and surgical outcomes can be achieved using both sutured and sutureless scleral fixation techniques. These techniques can be combined effectively with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and are thus well suited for the skillset of a vitreoretinal surgeon. Future studies on iris-based fixation techniques and IOL types not yet available in the United States will be of interest. As these techniques are more widely used, prospective data as well as longer term outcomes will continue to clarify their risk/benefit profile.
Ketamine's Altered States Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tavares Vagner Deuel de O. , da Costa Gonçalves Kaike Thiê , de Morais Barros Maria Luiza , de Brito Aldielyson Jorge Cavalcante , Cavalcanti-Ribeiro Patrícia , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Falchi-Carvalho Marcelo , Nunes Emerson Arcoverde , Sarris Jerome , Perkins Daniel , Fernandes-Osterhold Gisele , de Araujo Draulio Barros , Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, there has been a significant focus on exploring the potential therapeutic impact of altered states of consciousness on treatment outcomes for mental illness, with the goal of enhancing therapeutic strategies and patient results.

Methods
This meta-analysis was designed to investigate the potential link between the psychomimetic effects of ketamine and clinical outcomes in mental health, which adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results
Eleven studies were selected for meta-analysis, and the main result did not find a significant correlation between the psychoactive effects of ketamine and clinical outcomes either in mental illness (n = 11; n's = 27; r = 0.06 [−0.05, 0.17]; P = 0.268) or depression exclusively (n = 10; n's = 25; r = 0.03 [−0.07, 0.13]; P = 0.561). High heterogeneity was found for general analysis (I
2 = 80.78). Egger's regression did not indicate publication bias (intercept = 1.57; SE = 1.49, P = 0.30). No significant Kendall's rank correlation coefficient was observed (τ = 0.02, P = 0.88) indicating funnel plot symmetry. The sub-analyses, aimed at minimizing study variability by specifically examining factors such as patient disorders (limited to depression), methods of administration (exclusively intravenous), types of assessment instruments, and the timing of evaluations, also yielded no significant findings.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that the altered states of consciousness experienced during ketamine sessions are not directly linked to clinical outcomes. However, it is important to acknowledge that the limited number of studies and their heterogeneity render this conclusion preliminary, warranting further investigation over time.
Comparison of thoracoscopic-guided intercostal nerve block and ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block in postoperative analgesia of uniportal video-assisted lobectomy: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Yan , Wei Luyao , Du Jian-Hui , He Jin-Xian , Xu Xia , Hu Li-Hong 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block (UINB) and thoracoscopic-guided intercostal nerve block (TINB) are often used for analgesia after thoracic surgery. Herein, we compared the application of TINB and UINB for analgesia after uniportal video-assisted lobectomy.

Methods:
Sixty patients were randomly allocated into two groups: UINB and TINB. The surgical time of intercostal nerve block (INB), the success rate of the first needle, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, the time of the first patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) press, the time for removing the thoracic drainage tube, consumption of sufentanil and the number of PCIA presses within 24 hours postoperatively, and adverse reactions (ARs) were compared between the two groups.

Results:
The surgical time of INB was significantly shorter in the TINB group than in the UINB group (P < 0.001). The time of the first press of PCIA was significantly earlier in the TINB group than in the UINB group (P < 0.001). The success rate of the first needle was significantly higher in the TINB group than in the UINB group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding VAS scores, time for removing the thoracic drainage tube, the consumption of sufentanil, the number of PCIA presses within 24 hours postoperatively, and ARs.

Conclusion:
TINB and UINB have similar analgesic effects after uniportal video-assisted lobectomy. However, TINB demonstrates shorter surgical time and a higher success rate than UINB.
Dietary salt intake is not associated with risk of stroke: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Tan Ruirui , Jia Xinyan , Wu Xingquan , Sun Hongdong , Xue Liyuan , Qi Chenxi , Yang Yonggang , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: December 2024

Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between dietary salt intake and stroke; however, there was a lack of conclusive evidence regarding a causal connection between them. We undertook a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine their potential association. The genome-wide data for dietary salt intake was sourced from genome-wide association study that involved 462,630 samples. Genetic instruments for stroke were also obtained from genome-wide association study, which included 446,696 samples. Both samples were from European. The inverse variance weighting was used as the main method in MR analysis. We also performed several complementary MR methods, including MR-Egger, position weighted median, simple model, and weighted model. Our results showed that there was no causal relationship between dietary salt intake and stroke, which was genetically determined (fixed-effects inverse variance weighted: odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.21; P
= .67). Neither Cochran Q test (P = .52) nor MR-Egger method (P = .48) found obvious heterogeneity; in addition, the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers global test (P = .52) and MR-Egger regression intercept (P = .74) also showed no pleiotropy. The result of our MR study showed that there was no direct causal relationship between dietary salt intake and stroke risk. More studies were required to further confirm the stability of this relationship and to trying applied the findings to the clinic.
S100A11 is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlated with tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma
Authors: Fan Jikang , Wang Xuya , Yang Xuejun 
Published: December 2024

Background:
This study investigates the role of S100A11 as a potential biomarker for glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) and its correlation with GAMs infiltration in glioblastoma multiforme, aiming to better understand the immune microenvironment of glioma.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive study using various techniques and approaches. First, we examined the expression of S100A11 on GAMs through Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. Additionally, we utilized single-cell sequencing data and immune infiltration analysis to establish the relationship between S100A11 and GAMs infiltration in glioma.

Results:
Our findings revealed that S100A11 was highly expressed on GAMs, as validated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Moreover, S100A11 exhibited a strong correlation with GAMs infiltration, as evidenced by single-cell data and immune infiltration analysis. These results highlight the significant association of S100A11 with the immune microenvironment surrounding glioma.

Conclusion:
S100A11 emerges as a promising candidate for regulating glioma immunosuppression and may serve as a potential marker for GAMs. This study sheds light on the crucial role of S100A11 in the crosstalk between GAMs and glioma cells, contributing to our understanding of glioma progression within the tumor microenvironment.
Comparative effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty: A Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Shim Soo-Bo , Lee Hyun-Hee , Choi Eun-Young , Son Mi-Ju , Lee Hye-Lim 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparative effect of the Korean medicine treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) using Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods:
Seventeen electronic databases were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated various Korean medicine treatments for ICPP. R software (version 4.2.3) was used to perform NMA. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration. The results of NMA were expressed as network map, SUCRA, and Rank plot.

Results:
A total of 81 RCTs were included in the NMA. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was the most effective for growth rate, followed by herbal medicine (HM) combined with GnRHa. The combination of HM and auricular plaster therapy was the most effective in improving the bone age index and ovarian volume, and megestrol was the most effective in improving uterine volume. The combination of HM, auricular plaster therapy and GnRHa was the most effective in improving follicle-stimulating hormone, and the combination of HM and GnRHa was the most effective in improving luteinizing hormone and estradiol.

Conclusion:
The combination of HM and GnRHa generally showed greater effectiveness compared to GnRHa monotherapy or HM monotherapy. Although there have been few reports of adverse events related to HM, additional research and practical experience are needed. Further diverse studies should be conducted to support the decision-making process of patients and clinicians during the diagnosis and treatment of ICPP.
Association between time to antibiotic and mortality in patients with suspected sepsis in the Emergency Department: post hoc analysis of the 1-BED randomized clinical trial
Authors: Philippon Anne-Laure , Lebal Soufiane , Cancella de Abreu Marta , Gerlier Camille , Mirò Oscar , Simon Tabassome , Freund Yonathan 
Published: December 2024

Importance
The impact of early antibiotics on mortality in patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency department (ED) remains debated, particularly in patients with less severe presentations or before infection confirmation.

Objective
To evaluate the association between time to antibiotic administration and 28-day in-hospital mortality among patients with suspected sepsis in the ED.

Design, setting, and participants
Post hoc analysis of the 1-bundle emergency department trial, a multicenter, stepped-wedge cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 23 EDs in France and Spain. A total of 872 patients with suspected sepsis were included between June 2022 and September 2023. All patients with available data on antibiotic administration were analyzed, and a subgroup of patients with no hypotension was also assessed.

Exposures
Time to antibiotic administration. The effect of time to fluid resuscitation was also assessed.

Main outcomes and measures
The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality at 28 days. Secondary outcomes included all-cause 28-day mortality, ICU length of stay, number of days without vasopressors at day 28, and change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at 72 h.

Results
Among 872 patients (mean age 66 years; 41% female), 859 had available data on antibiotic administration (primary analysis) and 791 (92%) received antibiotics. The median time to antibiotic administration was 61 min (IQR 14–169), with 457 patients (58%) receiving antibiotics within 1 h. In-hospital mortality at 28 days was 14.7% for patients who did not received antibiotic within 1 h versus 9.6% for patients who did [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00 (1.24–3.23)]. There was an aOR of 1.06 (1.02–1.1) for each hour of delay for antibiotic administration. This effect was confirmed in patients without hypotension [aOR 2.02 (1.08–3.76) for patients who received antibiotics beyond 1 h]. Time to fluid resuscitation was not associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion and relevance
In patients with suspected sepsis presenting to the ED antibiotic administration beyond 1 h was associated with a two-fold increased 28-day in-hospital mortality. This effect persisted in patients without hypotension.
Does a Prolonged Sham Theta Burst Stimulation Intervention Regimen Outperform Standard Care in Terms of Functional Recovery and Pain Relief After an Upper Limb Fracture?
Authors: Proulx-Bégin Léa , Jodoin Marianne , Brazeau Daphnée , Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Provost Catherine , Rouleau Dominique M. , Arbour Caroline , De Beaumont Louis 
Published: December 2024

Objective
In a recent sham-controlled 13-session prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation intervention protocol, recovery from upper limb fracture at both 1 and 3 months was better than anticipated in patients assigned to the sham intervention group. To determine whether potential placebo effect and close patient monitoring affected recovery, the current study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between sham-treated participants who also received standard care with similarly injured patients who only received standard care.

Methods
Twenty participants with isolated upper limb fractures from the sham group were seen 13 times post-fracture (1 baseline session, 10 treatments, and 2 follow-ups [1 and 3 months]) over 3 months. They completed the self-reported Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale for pain assessment at 1 and 3 months post-fracture. Two control groups were recruited: 43 participants at 1 month post-fracture and another 40 participants at 3 months post-fracture. These control groups completed the same questionnaires online, without any lab visits.

Results
At 1 month, patients from the sham group reported significantly less functional impairments on the DASH (p = .010). At 3 months, significantly more patients from the control group reported functional limitations (72.5% versus sham’s 40%, p = .015).

Conclusions
Although preliminary, these findings suggest clinically significant beneficial effects of the sham intervention over the standard care groups. This positive sham intervention effect may be attributed to a placebo response that includes the placebo effect associated with sham rTMS, but also the impact of various factors such as the close monitoring of the injury.
Longitudinal Changes in Tenofovir and Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations Among Pregnant Women Using Oral PrEP for HIV Prevention: Findings From Durban, South Africa
Authors: Beesham Ivana , Jaggernath Manjeetha , Kriel Yolandie , Hao Jiaying , Smith Patricia M. , Haberer Jessica E. , Hendrix Craig W. , Psaros Christina , Bangsberg David R. , Smit Jennifer A. , Matthews Lynn T. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Pregnant women are vulnerable to HIV acquisition. Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective for use during pregnancy. We describe PrEP adherence among pregnant women using multiple measures.

Methods:
We conducted a secondary data analysis among women enrolled in a study evaluating an adherence intervention for PrEP among those planning for and with pregnancy in South Africa. Our analysis included women who used PrEP and became pregnant. Longitudinal PrEP use was assessed using concentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in plasma, tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots, and electronic pillcap data from quarterly visits. Plasma TFV ≤10 ng/mL and TFV-DP ≤16.6 fmol/punch were below quantifiable limits. Data were analyzed during prepregnancy (quarter before pregnancy) and pregnancy trimesters.

Results:
Among 35 women, 69% were 18–24 years old, 40% were nulliparous, and 94% did not know their partner's HIV serostatus. Median pillcap adherence was 55%–80% and was highest during prepregnancy (72%, interquartile range: 54%–86%) and third trimester (80%, interquartile range: 30%–94%). The proportion of women with quantifiable TFV was 47% (n = 8/17) prepregnancy and 33% (n = 9/27), 19% (n = 4/21), and 14% (n = 2/14) for trimesters 1–3, respectively. TFV-DP was detected in 75% of samples (n = 12/16) prepregnancy, and 50% (n = 13/26), 29% (n = 6/21), and 27% (n = 4/15) for trimesters 1–3, respectively. No women acquired HIV during pregnancy.

Conclusions:
PrEP use declined during pregnancy by all measures. Discrepancies between pillcap measurements and drug concentrations could be due to physiologic changes during pregnancy or under- or overuse of the pillcaps. Determining what drug metabolite concentrations are needed to confer protection during pregnancy is important for optimizing counseling and prevention support.
Model-Based Prioritization of Adolescent Girls and Young Women for HIV Prevention Services Based on Data From 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Gutreuter Steve , Denhard Langan , Logan Joseph E. , Blanton Jesse , Cham Haddi Jatou 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years are more likely to acquire HIV than their male counterparts, and well-targeted prevention interventions are needed. We developed a method to quantify the risk of HIV acquisition based on individual risk factors and population viral load (PVL) to improve targeting of prevention interventions.

Setting:
This study is based on household health survey data collected in 13 sub-Saharan African countries, 2015–2019.

Methods:
We developed a Bayesian spatial model which jointly estimates district-level PVL and the probability of infection among individual AGYW, aged 15–24 years, based on individual behavioral/demographic risk factors and area-level PVL. The districts (second subnational level) typically comprise the areas of estimation. The model borrows strength across countries by incorporating random effects, which quantify country-level differences in HIV prevalence among AGYW.

Results:
The combined survey data provided 52,171 questionnaire responses and blood tests from AGYW, and 280,323 blood samples from all respondents from which PVL was estimated. PVL was—by far—the most important predictor of test positivity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 70.6; 0.95-probability credible interval 20.7–240.5]. Having a partner with HIV increased the odds of testing positive among AGYW who were never (aOR = 12.1; 7.5–19.6) and ever pregnant (aOR = 32.1; 23.7–43.4). The area under the cross-validated receiver-operating characteristic curve for classification of test positivity was 82%.

Conclusion:
The fitted model provides a statistically principled basis for priority enrollment in HIV prevention interventions of those AGYW most at risk of HIV infection and geographic placement of prevention services.
LncRNA-H19 is downregulated in ectopic endometrial stromal cell by multiple medicines in vitro
Authors: Gao Han , Gao Xiao-Xiao , Shao Wei , Wang Jia-Qi , Liu Song-Ping 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
According to our previous studies, it has been found that long noncoding RNA-H19 (lncRNA H19)-ITGB3-miR-124-3p axis can regulate cell proliferation and invasion of the ectopic endometrium, which could be the potential pathway for treating endometriosis by a key medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of metformin, aspirin, artemisinin, and berberine in regulating the expression of lncRNA-H19 in ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ecESCs) and explore novel medicines for the treatment of endometriosis.

Methods:
Isolation of ESCs from the ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis and treatment with metformin at 0.1 mmol/L, aspirin at 5.00 mmol/L, artemisinin at 20 μmol/L, and berberine at 20 μmol/L for 0, 12, 24, and 48 h. LncRNA-H19 levels in ecESCs after treatment were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and changes in cell proliferation and invasion were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays.

Results:
lncRNA H19 levels in ecESCs in the metformin, aspirin, artemisinin, and berberine groups were significantly lower than those in the control group, with inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion; metformin and berberine showed the highest efficiency.

Conclusions:
Metformin and berberine inhibited ecESC proliferation and invasion by downregulating lncRNA-H19 levels, offering a novel treatment for endometriosis.