bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participants’ experiences of engagement in community-centred mental health and psychosocial support programmes in conflict-affected communities within sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Alford Cleothia Caroline , Otake Yuko 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experienced a burden of organised violence within 18 low-income and middle-income countries and hosted over 33 million displaced persons in 2019. Community-centred mental health and psychosocial support (cc-MHPSS) programmes may provide insights to address the psychosocial well-being of conflict-affected individuals, though literature is mixed on community impact. This review aimed to synthesise qualitative evidence to understand the kind of experiences conflict-affected participants have and how these experiences occur during cc-MHPSS programme engagement in SSA.MethodsWe searched Global Health, MEDLINE, Psychological Information Database, Embase Classic+Embase, Social Policy and Practice, Web of Science, Africa-Wide Information, PubMed and Global Index Medicus databases. Eligible publications qualitatively reported on conflict-affected participants’ experiences of engagement in cc-MHPSS programmes. Data were extracted to summarise publication characteristics. The results were synthesised using a thematic synthesis analysis.ResultsThe search yielded 953 records, of which 20 publications were included in the review. Included publications were located in Rwanda (n=8), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (n=3), Mozambique (n=3), Sierra Leone (n=1), Ghana (n=1), Uganda (n=1), Zimbabwe (n=1) and South Sudan (n=1); one publication included three countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia and Uganda). Findings include the themes of (1) the experience of change in time and space, and (2) the sharing and silence of participants’ experiences. Findings demonstrate that elements transferred by participants from a cc-MHPSS programme to a natural community, and vice versa, contribute to participants’ healing. Elements’ transfer, or non-transfer, was often related to participants’ disclosure, or non-disclosure, of experiences.DiscussionFindings suggest that there are elements from a cc-MHPSS programme and a wider community which aid participant engagement and work therapeutically. More rigorous research is needed concerning how participants experience change during cc-MHPSS programme engagement in proximity to their relationship with the wider community.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020197300.
Exploring stakeholder attitudes towards AI in clinical practice
Authors: Scott Ian A , Carter Stacy M , Coiera Enrico 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesDifferent stakeholders may hold varying attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare, which may constrain their acceptance if AI developers fail to take them into account. We set out to ascertain evidence of the attitudes of clinicians, consumers, managers, researchers, regulators and industry towards AI applications in healthcare.MethodsWe undertook an exploratory analysis of articles whose titles or abstracts contained the terms ‘artificial intelligence’ or ‘AI’ and ‘medical’ or ‘healthcare’ and ‘attitudes’, ‘perceptions’, ‘opinions’, ‘views’, ‘expectations’. Using a snowballing strategy, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published 1 January 2010 through 31 May 2021. We selected articles relating to non-robotic clinician-facing AI applications used to support healthcare-related tasks or decision-making.ResultsAcross 27 studies, attitudes towards AI applications in healthcare, in general, were positive, more so for those with direct experience of AI, but provided certain safeguards were met. AI applications which automated data interpretation and synthesis were regarded more favourably by clinicians and consumers than those that directly influenced clinical decisions or potentially impacted clinician–patient relationships. Privacy breaches and personal liability for AI-related error worried clinicians, while loss of clinician oversight and inability to fully share in decision-making worried consumers. Both clinicians and consumers wanted AI-generated advice to be trustworthy, while industry groups emphasised AI benefits and wanted more data, funding and regulatory certainty.DiscussionCertain expectations of AI applications were common to many stakeholder groups from which a set of dependencies can be defined.ConclusionStakeholders differ in some but not all of their attitudes towards AI. Those developing and implementing applications should consider policies and processes that bridge attitudinal disconnects between different stakeholders.
Effect of educational interventions on knowledge of the disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Desta Melaku , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Petrucka Pammla Margaret , Aynalem Yared Asmare 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundGlobally, type 2 diabetes has continued to increase, now accounting for over 90% of all diabetes cases. Though the magnitude of uncontrolled glycaemic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes is steadily rising, evidence showed that effectively controlled glycaemic levels can prevent complications and improve the quality of life of these patients. As little is known about the effect of educational interventions on this population, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions versus standard care on glycaemic control and disease knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, African Journals Online and Wiley Online Library were searched. Two authors independently assessed within-trial risk of bias in each included study using revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. A random-effects model was employed to estimate combined effect sizes. Subgroup analyses were employed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity between studies. The overall certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsA total of 19 trials with 2708 study participants were included in the review. Primary outcomes (glycaemic control) were reported in 18 trials. The pooled estimated impact of educational intervention on glycaemic levels using the random-effects model was −0.83 (95% CI: −1.17 to –0.49, p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed greater A1c reductions in those studies with intervention duration of up to 3 months and with empirical intervention designs. Educational interventions led to significant increases in participants’ knowledge of type 2 diabetes (standardised mean difference: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.60; I2=93%).ConclusionIn the current review overall, educational interventions can potentially lead to improved glycaemic control levels in patients with type 2 diabetes despite heterogeneity across the studies. Besides, the findings showed that educational interventions could increase disease knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020205838.
Real-time prediction of patient disposition and the impact of reporter confidence on mid-level triage accuracies: an observational study in Israel
Authors: Trotzky Daniel , Shopen Noaa , Mosery Jonathan , Negri Galam Neta , Mimran Yizhaq , Fordham Daniel Edward , Avisar Shiran , Cohen Aya , Katz Shalhav Malka , Pachys Gal 
Published: December 2021

AimThe emergency department (ED) is the first port-of-call for most patients receiving hospital care and as such acts as a gatekeeper to the wards, directing patient flow through the hospital. ED overcrowding is a well-researched field and negatively affects patient outcome, staff well-being and hospital reputation. An accurate, real-time model capable of predicting ED overcrowding has obvious merit in a world becoming increasingly computational, although the complicated dynamics of the department have hindered international efforts to design such a model. Triage nurses’ assessments have been shown to be accurate predictors of patient disposition and could, therefore, be useful input for overcrowding and patient flow models.MethodsIn this study, we assess the prediction capabilities of triage nurses in a level 1 urban hospital in central Israeli. ED settings included both acute and ambulatory wings. Nurses were asked to predict admission or discharge for each patient over a 3-month period as well as exact admission destination. Prediction confidence was used as an optimisation variable.ResultTriage nurses accurately predicted whether the patient would be admitted or discharged in 77% of patients in the acute wing, rising to 88% when their prediction certainty was high. Accuracies were higher still for patients in the ambulatory wing. In particular, negative predictive values for admission were highly accurate at 90%, irrespective of area or certainty levels.ConclusionNurses prediction of disposition should be considered for input for real-time ED models.
Contribution of economic and nutritional context to overweight/obesity dynamics in Indian women from 1998 to 2016: a multilevel analysis of national survey data
Authors: Baby Jeswin , Varghese Jithin Sam , Cyriac Shruthi , Narayan K M Venkat , Kurpad Anura V , Thomas Tinku , Patel Shivani 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundOverweight/obesity increased dramatically among Indian women since 2000. We evaluated the independent contributions of economic and nutrition context to the changing distribution of overweight/obesity among women from 1998 to 2016 across India.MethodsIndividual-level data from 473 912 ever married Indian women aged 18–49 in the National Family Health Surveys (1998–1999, 2005–2006, 2015–2016) were merged with year-matched state-level economic and nutrition context indicators. Cross-classified generalised linear mixed models were estimated to quantify associations of contextual characteristics with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) across survey rounds.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2016, age-standardised prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 13.9% to 27.5% nationally at an annual growth rate of 0.8%. After accounting for a woman’s age, parity and social class, the adjusted OR (aOR) for overweight/obesity was 2.02 times higher for every unit of state log per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (95% credible interval (CrI) 2.00 to 2.03). Yet, the association of state GDP with overweight/obesity generally decreased over survey round. Women in states with higher per capita daily oil (aOR 1.02 per gram; 95% CrI 1.01 to 1.03) and sugar (aOR 1.05 per gram; 95% CrI 1.04 to 1.05) consumption were more likely to be overweight/obese, while women in states with higher cereal consumption were less likely to be overweight/obese (aOR 0.93 per 10 gram; 95% CrI 0.93 to 0.93).ConclusionsIndicators of state economic development and nutrition transition were independently associated with a woman’s likelihood of being overweight/obese. The impact of state wealth waned over survey round, suggesting that risks for overweight/obesity may be increasingly shaped by individual factors as economic development expands in India.
Behavioural and patient-individual determinants of quality of life, functioning and physical activity in older adults (MobilE-TRA 2): study protocol of an observational cohort study in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Katzenberger Benedict , Schwettmann Lars , Weigl Martin , Paulus Alexander , Pedron Sara , Fuchs Sebastian , Koller Daniela , Grill Eva 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionVertigo, dizziness and balance problems (VDB) as well as osteoarthritis (OA) are among the health conditions with the greatest impact on mobility and social participation in older adults. Patients with VDB and OA were shown to benefit from specialised care such as vestibular rehabilitation therapy or joint replacement. However, these effects are not permanent and seem to disappear over time. One important reason might be a decreasing adherence to therapy recommendations. Findings from behavioural economics (BE) can help to shed light on individual effects on adherence behaviour and long-term outcomes of VDB and OA.ObjectiveBased on insights from BE concepts (ie, self-efficacy, intention, and time and risk preferences), MobilE-TRA 2 investigates the determinants of functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 3 and 12 months after discharge from total hip replacement (THR)/total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with OA and after interdisciplinary evaluation for VDB.Methods and analysisMobilE-TRA 2 is a longitudinal observational study with data collection in two specialised tertiary care centres at the university hospital in Munich, Germany between 2020 and 2023. Patients aged 60 and older presenting for their first THR/TKR or interdisciplinary evaluation of VDB at Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) hospital will be recruited for study participation. Three and twelve months after baseline assessment, all patients will receive a follow-up questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression models will be used to examine BE concepts as determinants of adherence, HRQoL and functioning.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee at the medical faculty of the LMU Munich under the number 20-727. Results will be published in scientific, peer-reviewed journals and at national and international conferences. Findings will also be disseminated via newsletters, the project website and a regional conference for representatives of local and national authorities.
Frameworks, measures, and interventions for HIV-related internalised stigma and stigma in healthcare and laws and policies: systematic review protocol
Authors: Hempel Susanne , Ferguson Laura , Bolshakova Maria , Yagyu Sachi , Fu Ning , Motala Aneesa , Gruskin Sofia 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThere is strong global commitment to eliminate HIV-related stigma. Wide variation exists in frameworks and measures, and many strategies to prevent, reduce or mitigate stigma have been proposed but critical factors determining success or failure remain elusive.Methods and analysisBuilding on existing knowledge syntheses, we designed a systematic review to identify frameworks, measures and intervention evaluations aiming to address internalised stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare, and stigma and discrimination at the legal or policy level. The review addresses four key questions (KQ): KQ1: Which conceptual frameworks have been proposed to assess internal stigma, stigma and discrimination experienced in healthcare settings, and stigma and discrimination entrenched in national laws and policies? KQ2: Which measures of stigma have been proposed and what are their descriptive properties? KQ3: Which interventions have been evaluated that aimed to reduce these types of stigma and discrimination or mitigate their adverse effects and what are the effectiveness and unintended consequences? KQ4: What common ‘critical factors for success or failure’ can be identified across interventions that have been evaluated? We will search PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Universal Human Rights Index, HeinOnline, PAIS, HIV Legal Network, CDSR, Campbell Collaboration, PROSPERO and Open Science Framework. Critical appraisal will assess the source, processes and consensus finding for frameworks; COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments criteria for measures; and risk of bias for interventions. Quality of evidence grading will apply . A gap analysis will provide targeted recommendations for future research. We will establish a compendium of frameworks, a comprehensive catalogue of available measures, and a synthesis of intervention characteristics to advance the science of HIV-related stigma.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021249348.
Qualitative study of GPs’ views and experiences of population-based preconception expanded carrier screening in the Netherlands: bioethical perspectives
Authors: Morberg Jämterud Sofia , Snoek Anke , van Langen I M , Verkerk Marian , Zeiler Kristin 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveBetween 2016 and 2017, a population-based preconception expanded carrier screening (PECS) test was developed in the Netherlands during a pilot study. It was subsequently made possible in mid-2018 for couples to ask to have such a PECS test from specially trained general practitioners (GPs). Research has described GPs as crucial in offering PECS tests, but little is known about the GPs’ views on PECS and their experiences of providing this test. This article presents a thematic analysis of the PECS practice from the perspective of GPs and a bioethical discussion of the empirical results.DesignEmpirical bioethics. A thematic analysis of qualitative semi-structured interviews was conducted, and is combined with an ethical/philosophical discussion.SettingThe Netherlands.Participants7 Dutch GPs in the Netherlands, interviewed in 2019–2020.ResultsTwo themes were identified in the thematic analysis: ‘Choice and its complexity’ and ‘PECS as prompting existential concerns’. The empirical bioethics discussion showed that the first theme highlights that several areas coshape the complexity of choice on PECS, and the need for shared relational autonomous decision-making on these areas within the couple. The second theme highlights that it is not possible to analyse the existential issues raised by PECS solely on the level of the couple or family. A societal level must be included, since these levels affect each other. We refer to this as ‘entangled existential genetics’.ConclusionThe empirical bioethical analysis leads us to present two practical implications. These are: (1) training of GPs who are to offer PECS should cover shared relational autonomous decision-making within the couple and (2) more attention should be given to existential issues evoked by genetic considerations, also during the education of GPs and in bioethical discussions around PECS.
Deliberate practices of speaking up and responding skills: the Speak-PREP e-learning module for healthcare professionals
Authors: Gray Megan M , Rosenman Elizabeth , Best Jennifer A , Menzel Barbara , Berger Gabrielle , Ehrmantraut Ross , Napolitano Pete , Umoren Rachel , Kim Sara 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSpeaking up and responding to others’ concerns promotes patient safety. We describe health professionals’ utilisation of these important skills.MethodWe developed an interactive e-learning module, Speak-PREP, to train healthcare professionals in speaking up and responding strategies. Participants completed interactive video-based exercises that engaged them with entering speaking up and responding statements, augmenting strategies from a list of prompting phrases and responding to a pushback. We report strategy utilisation.ResultsA total of 101 health professionals completed Speak-PREP training. Most frequently used speaking up strategies were:brainstormingto explore solutions (50%),showing considerationof others (45%) andencouraging others’ opinionsthrough invitations (43%). Responding strategies includedreflecting the concernexpressed by colleagues,discussing next stepsandexpressing gratitude(70%, 67% and 50%, respectively). When prompted, participants augmented their statements withreframingconcerns,asking questionsto deepen understanding,using how or whatto start questions andexpressing curiosity(p<0.00001, p=0.003, p=0.0002 and p<0.0001, respectively). Pushbacks lead to increased use ofreflecting the concernand decreasingconsideration, curiosity, empathy, expressing gratitudeandencouraging others’ opinions(p<0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe Speak-PREP module targeted deliberate practice in speaking up and responding skills. Future work should examine the application of these strategies in the clinical environment.
Viscous cosmology in the Weyl-type f(Q, T) gravity
Authors: Gadbail Gaurav N. , Arora Simran , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBulk viscosity is the only viscous influence that can change the background dynamics in a homogeneous and isotropic universe. In the present work, we analyze the bulk viscous cosmological model with the bulk viscosity coefficient of the form $$\zeta =\zeta _0+\zeta _1H+\zeta _2\left( \frac{\dot{H}}{H}+H\right) $$

ζ
=

ζ
0

+

ζ
1

H
+

ζ
2

H
˙

H

+
H

where, $$\zeta _0$$

ζ
0

, $$\zeta _1$$

ζ
1

and $$\zeta _2$$

ζ
2

are bulk viscous parameters, and H is the Hubble parameter. We investigate the impact of the bulk viscous parameter on dynamics of the universe in the recently proposed Weyl-type f(Q, T) gravity, where Q is the non-metricity, and T is the trace of the matter energy–momentum tensor. The exact solutions to the corresponding field equations are obtained with the viscous fluid and the linear model of the form $$f(Q, T)=\alpha Q+\frac{\beta }{6\kappa ^2}T$$

f

(
Q
,
T
)

=
α
Q
+

β

6

κ
2

T

, where $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta $$
β
are model parameters. Further, we constrain the model parameters using the 57 points Hubble dataset the recently released 1048 points Pantheon sample and the combination Hz + BAO + Pantheon, which shows our model is good congeniality with observations. We study the possible scenarios and the evolution of the universe through the deceleration parameter, the equation of state (EoS) parameter, the statefinder diagnostics, and the Om diagnostics. It is observed that the universe exhibits a transition from a decelerated to an accelerated phase of the universe under certain constraints of model parameters.
Adaptive Erasure Coded Fault Tolerant Linear System Solver
Authors: Kang Xuejiao , Gleich David F. , Sameh Ahmed , Grama Ananth 
Published: December 2021

As parallel and distributed systems scale, fault tolerance is an increasingly important problem—particularly on systems with limited I/O capacity and bandwidth. Erasure coded computations address this problem by augmenting a given problem instance with redundant data and then solving the augmented problem in a fault oblivious manner in a faulty parallel environment. In the event of faults, a computationally inexpensive procedure is used to compute the true solution from a potentially fault-prone solution. These techniques are significantly more efficient than conventional solutions to the fault tolerance problem.
In this article, we show how we can minimize, to optimality, the overhead associated with our problem augmentation techniques for linear system solvers. Specifically, we present a technique that adaptively augments the problem only when faults are detected. At any point in execution, we only solve a system whose size is identical to the original input system. This has several advantages in terms of maintaining the size and conditioning of the system, as well as in only adding the minimal amount of computation needed to tolerate observed faults. We present, in detail, the augmentation process, the parallel formulation, and evaluation of performance of our technique. Specifically, we show that the proposed adaptive fault tolerance mechanism has minimal overhead in terms of FLOP counts with respect to the original solver executing in a non-faulty environment, has good convergence properties, and yields excellent parallel performance. We also demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms an optimized application-level checkpointing scheme that only checkpoints needed data structures.