bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excellent overall and chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease‐free event‐free survival in Fanconi anaemia patients undergoing matched related‐ and unrelated‐donor bone marrow transplantation using alemtuzumab–Flu–Cy: the UK experience
Authors: Bernard Fanette , Uppugunduri Chakradhara Rao S , Meyer Stefan , Cummins Michelle , Patrick Katharine , James Beki , Skinner Roderick , Tewari Sanjay , Carpenter Ben , Wynn Robert , Veys Paul , Amrolia Persis ,   the UK Paediatric BMT group
Published: April 2021

SummaryHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option in Fanconi anaemia (FA). We analysed the outcome of children transplanted for FA between 1999 and 2018 in the UK. A total of 94 transplants were performed in 82 patients. Among the donors, 51·2% were matched related donors (MRD) while the remainder were alternative donors. Most patients received a fludarabine–cyclophosphamide (Flu–Cy)‐based conditioning regimen (86·6%) and in vivo T‐cell depletion with alemtuzumab (69·5%). Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 85·4% [70·4–93.2] with MRD, 95·7% [72·9–99.4] with matched unrelated donors (MUD), 44·4% [6·6–78.5] with mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) and 44·4% [13·6–71.9] with mismatched related donors (MMRD) (P < 0·001). Other factors significantly impacting OS were pre‐transplant bone marrow status, source of stem cells, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, preparation with Flu–Cy, use of total body irradiation (TBI) and alemtuzumab as serotherapy. In multivariate analysis, absence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or leukaemia, bone marrow as source of stem cells, cytomegalovirus (CMV) other than +/− (Recipient/Donor) and Flu–Cy were protective factors for five‐year OS. Five‐year chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (cGVHD)‐free event‐free survival was 75·4% with the same risk factors except for CMV serostatus. Five‐year non‐relapse mortality was 13·8% [7·3–22.3]. Only five patients (6·1%) developed grade II–IV acute GVHD and two patients chronic GVHD. These data confirm the excellent outcome of matched related or unrelated HSCT in children with FA.
Family cohesion and attention deficit exert an influence on visits to the dentist in early adolescence
Authors: Moura Mirella de Fátima Liberato de , Firmino Ramon Targino , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , Paiva Saul Martins , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether family environment, signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health literacy (OHL) are associated with visits to the dentist in adolescents.MethodsA school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 448 12‐year‐old adolescents enrolled at schools in the city of Cajazeiras, Brazil. The adolescents answered a validated questionnaire addressing family cohesion and adaptability (FACES III), an OHL measure (Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry [BREALD‐30]) and a questionnaire addressing the history of visits to the dentist and previous toothache experience. The parents answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. Parents and teachers answered the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales of the Swanson, Nolan & Pelham (SNAP‐IV) questionnaire for the detection of signs of ADHD. Multiple Poisson regression with robust variance was used for data analysis (α = 5%).ResultsThe prevalence of having visited a dentist some time in life was higher among adolescents with enmeshed (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.15) and connected (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.13) families and those with attention deficit according to parents' reports (PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.14). A family income higher than the Brazilian minimum wage (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.12) and toothache in the previous six months (PR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.11) were also associated with the outcome.ConclusionFamily cohesion and attention deficit according to parental reports influenced visits to the dentist among adolescents. In contrast, OHL was not associated with the outcome.
Heterogeneous price effects and increased price dispersion from quantity‐based congestion management
Authors: Lee Sunhyung , Liu Zexuan , Yu Haojun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of quantity‐based approaches to airport congestion management such as slot restrictions on price dispersion and on‐time performance. From the evidence at Newark Liberty International Airport, we find that slot restrictions increase price dispersion and improve on‐time performance. Price dispersion originates from heterogeneous price effects, as ticket prices for high‐value passengers increase more than that for low‐value passengers. Our novel finding is that the share of passengers who have purchased tickets at a top‐end price increase despite the price hike. We use various empirical specifications and an analysis on leads and lags of the policy for robustness.
Cortico‐subcortical functional connectivity modifications in fatigued multiple sclerosis patients treated with fampridine and amantadine
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Valsasina Paola , Colombo Bruno , Martinelli Vittorio , Filippi Massimo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeFatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and disabling; medication efficacy is still not fully proven. The aim of this study was to investigate 4‐week modifications of fatigue severity in 45 relapsing‐remitting MS patients after different symptomatic treatments, and changes in concomitant resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC).MethodsPatients were randomly, blindly assigned to treatment with fampridine (n = 15), amantadine (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15), and underwent clinical assessment and 3‐Tesla RS functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline (t0) and after 4 weeks (w4) of treatment. Fifteen healthy controls (HCs) were also studied. Changes in modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS) score and network RS FC were assessed.ResultsIn MS, abnormalities of network RS FC at t0 did not differ between treatment groups and correlated with fatigue severity. At w4, global scores and subscores on the MFIS decreased in all groups, with no time‐by‐treatment interaction. At w4, all patient groups had changes in RS FC in several networks, with significant time‐by‐treatment interactions in basal ganglia, sensorimotor and default‐mode networks in fampridine‐treated patients versus the other groups, and in frontoparietal network in amantadine‐treated patients. In the fampridine group, RS FC changes correlated with concurrently decreased MFIS score (r range = −0.75 to 0.74, p range = 0.003–0.05).ConclusionsFatigue improved in all MS groups, independently of treatment. Concomitant RS FC modifications were located in sensorimotor, inferior frontal and subcortical regions for fampridine‐ and amantadine‐treated patients, and in associative sensory cortices for placebo‐treated patients.
The effects of exchange listing on market quality: Evidence from over‐the‐counter uplistings
Authors: Davis Ryan , Griffith Todd , Roseman Brian , Yildiz Serhat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of exchange uplisting from the modern over‐the‐counter (OTC) markets on liquidity, volatility, and price discovery. In a series of difference‐in‐differences tests, we find that for a sample of OTC treatment firms that uplist to the NASDAQ, New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), or NYSE MKT, relative to matched control firms, liquidity improves dramatically after listing. We also show that price discovery improves for treatment firms vis‐à‐vis control firms after listing. The results contribute to the discussion surrounding the facilitation of capital formation and offer important insights to investors, managers, and exchange officials.
Tectonic setting and formation of the Setouchi volcanic rocks in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Haji Toshiki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Setouchi volcanic rocks include high‐Mg andesites (HMAs) and garnet‐bearing dacite–rhyolite, and are sporadically distributed along the Median Tectonic Line, Japan. New U–Pb zircon ages and geological and geochemical data are presented for those rocks in the Western Setouchi region (W‐Setouchi). Previous studies referred to the altered andesite in the W‐Setouchi as “pre‐Setouchi volcanic rocks.” However, on the basis of the new U–Pb age (14.4 Ma ± 0.3 Ma) and geochemical characteristics, we redefine it as the Jikamuro Formation, part of the Setouchi volcanic rocks. Incompatible elements are more enriched in the Jikamuro Formation rocks than in the Setouchi HMAs. The characteristic element compositions may be explained by mixing of compositionally different magmas, including subducted sediment melts, plus a contribution from crustal contamination. A stress‐inversion technique with Bingham distribution method was applied to the orientations of felsic and mafic dikes within the Setouchi volcanic rocks, and indicates paleo‐stress conditions during the period of Setouchi volcanism in the W‐Setouchi. The analysis reveals NNW‐extensional stresses and a strike‐slip stress. We infer that the former represents extensional conditions during the main period of volcanism and the latter represents a stress transition during the most recent period of volcanism (after 12 Ma).
Laboratory simulation of longitudinally cracked teeth using the step‐stress cyclic loading method
Authors: Lin F. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Xu H. , Heo Y.C. , Fok A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo simulate in a laboratory setting longitudinal cracking in root filled premolar teeth, using cyclic mechanical fatigue.MethodologyMesial‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) cavities were prepared in twenty root filled, single‐rooted, mandibular premolars restored with fibre posts and resin composites. The samples were randomly divided into two groups based on the loading approaches: static loading with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and step‐stress cyclic loading (1 Hz) with increasing amplitude. The loads and numbers of cycles to failure were recorded. Micro‐CT was also used to identify the fracture modes. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t‐test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe mean fracture loads for the static loading and cyclic loading groups were 769 ± 171 N and 720 ± 92 N, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The proportions of longitudinal, cuspal and mixed‐mode fractures under cyclic loading were 50%, 20% and 30%, respectively. Longitudinal fractures occurred with larger numbers of cycles and higher average loads per cycle compared with the other fractures. Static loading produced only cuspal fractures.ConclusionsLongitudinally cracked premolar teeth with root fillings were successfully produced using the step‐stress cyclic loading method. This provides a more clinically representative methodology for studying cracked teeth in a laboratory setting.
Heparin dosage, level, and resistance in SARS‐CoV2 infected patients in intensive care unit
Authors: Novelli Chiara , Borotto Erika , Beverina Ivo , Punzi Veronica , Radrizzani Danilo , Brando Bruno 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with COVID‐19 frequently exhibit a hypercoagulable state with high thrombotic risk, particularly those admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Thromboprophylaxis is mandatory in these patients; nevertheless, thrombosis still occurs in many cases. Thus, the problem of assessing an adequate level of anticoagulation in ICU patients becomes evident during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heparin resistance and the efficacy of heparin monitoring using an anti‐Xa activity assay.MethodsThirty‐seven heparin‐treated patients admitted to ICU for SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia were retrospectively studied for antifactor Xa activity (anti‐Xa), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Antithrombin, Fibrinogen, D‐Dimer, Factor VIII, von Willebrand Factor, and the total daily amount of heparin administered. The correlation between APTT and anti‐Xa was evaluated for unfractionated heparins (UFH). The correlations between the daily dose of UFH or the dosage expressed as IU/kg b.w. for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and anti‐Xa were also evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐one patients received calcium heparin, 8 sodium heparin, and 8 LMWH. A moderate correlation was found between APTT and anti‐Xa for UFH. APTT did not correlate with coagulation parameters. 62% of UFH and 75% of LMWH treated patients were under the therapeutic range. About 75% of patients could be considered resistant to heparin.ConclusionsSARS‐COV2 pneumonia patients in ICU have frequently heparin resistance. Anti‐Xa seems a more reliable method to monitor heparin treatment than APTT in acute patients, also because the assay is insensitive to the increased levels of fibrinogen, FVIII, and LAC that are common during the COVID‐19 inflammatory state.
Glass particle contamination threat in nursing practice: A pilot study
Authors: Erkoc Hut Arzu , Yazici Zihni A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the level of glass particle contamination from medical ampoules during breakage in nursing practice and their removal by filtration.DesignGlass medical ampoules were broken‐open as instructed and contamination was assessed microscopically.MethodsThree types of medial ampoules (A, B, C) were used. Dispensation of contents was carried out using 21 or 22 G needles, with and without syringe‐filters. Particles were determined by light microscopy. This study was conducted between April 2018 and January 2020.ResultsGlass particles of 0.94–90.70 µm were detected in 94% of all samples. There were 48, 162 and 201 glass particles in groups, A, B and C, respectively. Filtration had no effect in group A but was effective up to 85% in the other groups.ConclusionThis study confirms that ampoule contents are contaminated with glass particles during the opening procedure, which varies with make and content. Syringe‐filter use can be up to 85% effective in their removal.ImpactUse of syringe‐filter can decrease glass particle contamination up to 85%. Innovative nursing studies are needed to minimize or completely avoid particule contamination.
A prospective evaluation of the impact of individual RF applications for slow pathway ablation for AVNRT: Markers of acute success
Authors: Sugumar Hariharan , Chieng David , Prabhu Sandeep , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Anderson Robert D , Al‐Kaisey Ahmed , Lee Geoffrey , McLellan Alex J , Morton Joseph B , Taylor Andrew J , Ling Liang‐Han , Kalman Jonathan M , Kistler Peter M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is highly effective for atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Generally junctional rhythm (JR) is an accepted requirement for successful ablation however there is a lack of detailed prospective studies to determine the characteristics of JR and the impact on slow pathway conduction.MethodsMulticentre prospective observational study evaluating the impact of individual radiofrequency (RF) applications in typical AVNRT (slow/fast). Characteristics of JR during ablation were documented and detailed testing was performed after every RF application to determine outcome. Procedural success was defined as ≤1 AV nodal echo.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were included (mean age 53 ± 18years, 57% female and a history of SVT 2.9 ± 4.7 years). RF (50w, 60°) ablation for AVNRT was applied in 301 locations with JR in 178 (59%). Successful slow pathway modification was achieved in 66 (99%) patients with slow pathway block in 30 (46%). Success was associated with JR in all patients. Success was achieved in six patients with RF < 10 s. There was no significant difference in the CL of JR during RF between effective (587 ± 150 ms) versus ineffective (611 ± 193 ms, p = .4) applications. Inadvertent junctional beat‐atrial (JA) block with immediate termination of RF was observed in 19 (28%) patients with AVNRT no longer inducible in 14 (74%). Freedom from SVT was achieved in 66 (99%) patients at a mean follow up of 15 ± 6 months.ConclusionIn this prospective study, JR was required during RF for acute success in AVNRT. Cycle length of JR during RF was not predictive of success. Although unintended JA block during faster JR was associated with slow pathway block, this is a precursor to fast pathway block and should not be intentionally targeted.
Minimally decremental atriofascicular accessory pathway with bidirectional conduction
Authors: Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAtriofacicular pathways of Mahaim type are typically decrementally conducting accessory pathways without retrograde conduction properties, located on the right ventricular free wall at the tricuspid annulus. We report a patient with an atriofascicular pathway with minimal anterograde decremental conduction. Both long and short V‐H antidromic atriofascicular reentrant tachycardias were induced and mechanism confirmed with electrophysiologic testing. Additionally, orthodromic atriofascicular reentrant tachycardia with narrow and right bundle branch block morphologies were inducible. Mahaim pathway was successfully ablated with elimination of both antidromic and orthodromic tachycardias.
Twists and turns of land reform in Latin America: From predatory to intermediate states?
Authors: Botella‐Rodríguez Elisa , González‐Esteban Ángel Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLand reform has significantly evolved over time in Latin America. In the early decades of the 20th century, the ‘agrarian question’ involved different national paths of agrarian capitalism and their contributions to industrialization. Later in the century, agriculture played a secondary role, while market‐led reforms were implemented from the early 1990s in the region. The agrarian question is now related to a new range of global and national inequalities, whereas the land problem remains unresolved. This paper deals with the role of the state and social dynamics in understanding the twists and turns of Latin America's land reforms from the 1900s to the Global Era.
A successful method of transplanting adult Ecklonia radiata kelp, and relevance to other habitat‐forming macroalgae
Authors: Layton Cayne , Cameron Matthew J. , Shelamoff Victor , Tatsumi Masayuki , Wright Jeffrey T. , Johnson Craig R. 
Published: April 2021

The ability to successfully transplant adult kelp has applications not only for ecological experiments, but also for habitat conservation and restoration projects. However, approaches to the long‐term transplanting of adult kelp (especially for stalked or ‘stipitate’ species), and the communication of these methods, has been relatively haphazard, often due to poor results and excessive mortality. Here, we provide a brief communication to describe a method to effectively transplant the stipitate kelp Ecklonia radiata—the most widespread and abundant kelp in Australasia—and which allowed the transplanting of >1,000 adult kelp over 1.5 ha. We also discuss additional observations relevant to the success of transplanting kelp (such as donor age/size), and the applicability of this method to other habitat‐forming macroalgae. Our method involved securing the adult Ecklonia to the substratum using large bands made from recycled rubber, which held the holdfast firmly but gently against the substratum. Re‐attachment of the adult kelp typically occurred within 3–6 weeks, while rates of survivorship were approximately 75% and not affected by the density nor size of the transplanted patch. This method could also readily be adapted to suit different substratum types and other species of kelp and habitat‐forming algae. Ultimately, this transplanting method adds to the collection of effective techniques for restoring habitat‐forming macroalgae, especially for stipitate species where few methods have been communicated.
Likelihood-Free Parameter Estimation for Dynamic Queueing Networks: Case Study of Passenger Flow in an International Airport Terminal
Authors: Ebert Anthony , Dutta Ritabrata , Mengersen Kerrie , Mira Antonietta , Ruggeri Fabrizio , Wu Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dynamic queueing networks (DQN) model queueing systems where demand varies strongly with time, such as airport terminals. With rapidly rising global air passenger traffic placing increasing pressure on airport terminals, efficient allocation of resources is more important than ever. Parameter inference and quantification of uncertainty are key challenges for developing decision support tools. The DQN likelihood function is, in general, intractable and current approaches to simulation make likelihood-free parameter inference methods, such as approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), infeasible since simulating from these models is computationally expensive. By leveraging a recent advance in computationally efficient queueing simulation, we develop the first parameter inference approach for DQNs. We demonstrate our approach with data of passenger flows in a real airport terminal, and we show that our model accurately recreates the behaviour of the system and is useful for decision support. Special care must be taken in developing the distance for ABC since any useful output must vary with time. We use maximum mean discrepancy, a metric on probability measures, as the distance function for ABC. Prediction intervals of performance measures for decision support tools are easily constructed using draws from posterior samples, which we demonstrate with a scenario of a delayed flight.
On an averaged model for immiscible two‐phase flow with surface tension and dynamic contact angle in a thin strip
Authors: Lunowa Stephan B. , Bringedal Carina , Pop Iuliu Sorin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider a model for the flow of two immiscible fluids in a two‐dimensional thin strip of varying width. This represents an idealization of a pore in a porous medium. The interface separating the fluids forms a freely moving interface in contact with the wall and is driven by the fluid flow and surface tension. The contact‐line model incorporates Navier‐slip boundary conditions and a dynamic and possibly hysteretic contact angle law. We assume a scale separation between the typical width and the length of the thin strip. Based on asymptotic expansions, we derive effective models for the two‐phase flow. These models form a system of differential algebraic equations for the interface position and the total flux. The result is Darcy‐type equations for the flow, combined with a capillary pressure–saturation relationship involving dynamic effects. Finally, we provide some numerical examples to show the effect of a varying wall width, of the viscosity ratio, of the slip boundary condition as well as of having a dynamic contact angle law.