bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepayment rebate in Islamic microfinance cost-plus sale: a descending rebate proposed approach
Authors: Kamal Islam Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an Islamic compliant approach that deals with the prepayment rebate on debts resulting from cost-plus sales and their accompanied sale-based financing contracts. The proposed approach uses the time value of money concept without charging excessive fees from the debtor in the early settlement of debts.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a qualitative analysis via analyzing and reviewing relevant literature. A quantitative analysis is subsequently used with a proposed computation that addresses prepayment rebate accompanied by debts resulting from cost-plus sales.

Findings
The proposed approach results in a rebate amount for the debtor greater than those rebate amounts resulting from either conventional finance techniques or current Islamic finance practices.

Research limitations/implications
The application of the descending rebate proposed computation in this paper is restricted to cost-plus sale and their accompanied sale-based financing contracts only. The computation does not address any agreement or deal that may involve a rebate without a selling transaction.

Originality/value
The paper criticizes the prevailing practices for computing rebates in the case of debt prepayment, whether those nominated by conventional finance or others currently employed by most Islamic financial institutions. The paper also introduces a new rebate computation aimed to comply with Islamic finance's real context.
Investigating mechanical and thermo-physical properties of binder jet 3D printed elements using a statistical experiment approach
Authors: Seshadri Bharath , Ravi Kaushik Selva Dhanush , Hischier Illias , Schlueter Arno 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
With a growing list of available materials and processes, the inherent mechanical and thermophysical properties of three-dimensional (3D) prints are important design targets. This paper aims to study the functionality of binder jet 3D printed objects for thermally activated building construction elements and recyclable formwork for concrete structures.

Design/methodology/approach
Binder jet printed sand samples with various material and post-processing parameters (infiltration and baking) are prepared and studied. Using a statistical experiment design, the mechanical (flexural and compressive strength) and thermal (conductivity and specific capacity) characteristics are quantified.

Findings
Relative to the unprocessed “green” print samples, post-processing improved the flexural and compressive strength of the samples by factors of 6.9 and 21.6, respectively; the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity were improved by factors of 7.7 and 1.2, respectively. For the investigated temperature range (20°C–200°C), the “green” prints showed excellent stability while the stability of post-processed samples depended on the infiltrate used. Microscopic images of the microstructures offered evidence to support improvement in the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of the 3D printed sand elements.

Research limitations/implications
The literature review concluded that optimal printing parameters and infiltration under vacuum could further improve the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the binder jet printed elements. However, both these factors were not explored in this research. The statistical experimental design approach provided more flexibility to choose the number of experiments for a fixed amount of time and resources. However, for future work, a more extensive number of experiments and reproducibility testing for each combination of binder-infiltrate is recommended.

Practical implications
3D printing has been identified as a promising opportunity to reduce material usage and improve construction efficiency in the field of architecture and building engineering. The emerging fabrication technologies are further expected to significantly reduce the operational energy of buildings through performance integration, i.e. multi-functional building elements with integrated heat- and mass-transfer capabilities to replace conventional systems.

Originality/value
This study has quantified the impact of infiltration on the mechanical and thermo-physical characteristics of sand-printed elements and, as such, reports reproducible functional performance maps for sand-print applications. The research demonstrates a way to achieve the desired functional characteristics of 3D prints through combinations of material selection and process/post-processing parameters.
The future of women's football in Asia: a look at competitive balance in top 5 domestic football leagues from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Dutta Ayushi , Mondal Sarthak , Raizada Shiny 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis paper analyses competitive balance in the “big five” women's football leagues in Asia longitudinally between 2010 and 2019.Design/methodology/approachCompetitive balance has been measured using recognised measures of concentration, HICB and NHICB, alongside recognised measures of dominance, i.e., identification of top teams. A time-trend analysis has been employed to identify trends of CB in the respective leagues followed by ANOVA and relevant post-hoc tests to identify difference in concentration measures. A multiple linear regression analysis has been conducted to identify the impact of external economic factors on CB.FindingsSome significant differences were detected in the levels of concentration between leagues. There was also some variation in terms of some leagues being dominated by a fewer number of teams. However, these two measures of competitive balance (concentration and dominance) were not necessarily correlated with each other. The paper also tries to find the optimum number of teams to maintain CB in the women's football leagues in Asia, but an exact figure could not be found.Research limitations/implicationsSome significant differences were detected in the levels of concentration between leagues. There was also some variation in terms of some leagues being dominated by a fewer number of teams. However, these two measures of competitive balance (concentration and dominance) were not necessarily correlated with each other. External economic factors were found to have negative impact on CB.Originality/valueThe paper is an original research and aims to add to the growing body of CB research in world through analysis of competitive balance (ACB).
The influence of brand experience on satisfaction, uncertainty and brand loyalty: a focus on the golf club industry
Authors: Chung Mi Ryoung , Welty Peachey Jon 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Understanding the advantages of brand experience is important for brand managers to more effectively grow satisfied and loyal customers. To date, little research has examined the relationship between brand experience and customer satisfaction, uncertainty, and brand loyalty with sport products. Therefore, this study examined these relationships with golf club products in the golf industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from golf players in South Korea (n = 386) through online surveys. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine the relationship between the variables.

Findings
The results revealed that brand experience influences golfers' uncertainty toward other brands. In other words, doubts about the brand will decrease when consumers experience sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual interactions with a brand. Interestingly, brand experience does not influence golfers' satisfaction as indicated by previous studies. Also, findings showed that just having experience with a brand does not lead to golfers' loyalty.

Originality/value
This study helps to understand how consumers' direct experiences influence brand beliefs and attitudes. Moreover, this study is significant for sport marketing practitioners since it explores an alternative marketing approach to brand differentiation, which has the potential to attract and retain more customers.
The evolution of size‐dependent competitive interactions promotes species coexistence
Authors: Anaya‐Rojas Jaime M. , Bassar Ronald D. , Potter Tomos , Blanchette Allison , Callahan Shay , Framstead Nick , Reznick David , Travis Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Theory indicates that competing species coexist in a community when intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. When body size determines the outcome of competitive interactions between individuals, coexistence depends also on how resource use and the ability to compete for these resources change with body size. Testing coexistence theory in size‐structured communities, therefore, requires disentangling the effects of size‐dependent competitive abilities and niche shifts.

Here, we tested the hypothesis that the evolution of species‐ and size‐dependent competitive asymmetries increased the likelihood of coexistence between interacting species.

We experimentally estimated the effects of size‐dependent competitive interactions on somatic growth rates of two interacting fish species, Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata and killifish Rivulus hartii. We controlled for the effects of size‐dependent changes in the niche at two competitive settings representing the early (allopatric) and late (sympatric) evolutionary stages of a killifish–guppy community. We fitted the growth data to a model that incorporates species‐ and size‐dependent competitive asymmetries to test whether changes in the competitive interactions across sizes increased the likelihood of species coexistence from allopatry to sympatry.

We found that guppies are competitively superior to killifish but were less so in sympatric populations. The decrease in the effects of interspecific competition on the fitness of killifish and increase in the interspecific effect on guppies’ fitness increased the likelihood that sympatric guppies and killifish will coexist. However, while the competitive asymmetries between the species changed consistently between allopatry and sympatry between drainages, the magnitude of the size‐dependent competitive asymmetries varied between drainages.

These results demonstrate the importance of integrating evolution and trait‐based interactions into the research on how species coexist.
Parliament's One‐Year Review of the Coronavirus Act 2020: Another Example of Parliament's Marginalisation in the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Lock Daniella , Hidalgo Pablo Grez , de Londras Fiona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider the one‐year review (OYR) by Parliament of temporary powers in the Coronavirus Act 2020 (CVA). The OYR stands as a key concession on the part of the UK government to enable scrutiny of Covid‐19 law making, after the CVA was rushed through Parliament at the beginning of the pandemic. The principal argument of this article is that despite appearances, this review was another example of Parliament being marginalised during the Covid‐19 pandemic. In particular, there were four obstacles to meaningful scrutiny in the OYR: inadequate parliamentary time scheduled for the review; the ‘all‐or‐nothing’ framing of the review; late and inaccurate government reporting prior to the OYR; and the failure to address key issues regarding the operation of the CVA, including major human rights concerns. In light of such obstruction to scrutiny, it is clear that the review represents a broken promise on the part of the current government to Parliament. The review is also part of a broader pattern of marginalising Parliament during the pandemic. In presenting this analysis, we argue that two changes could be made in the upcoming and penultimate review of the CVA in September 2021, in order to enable Parliament to engage in meaningful scrutiny in this review.
Comparison of measures of medication adherence from pharmacy dispensing and insurer claims data
Authors: Fontanet Constance P. , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Isaac Thomas , Sequist Thomas D. , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekar , Gagne Joshua J. , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Fischer Michael A. , Solomon Daniel H. , Lauffenburger Julie C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveMedication nonadherence is linked to worsened clinical outcomes and increased costs. Existing system‐level adherence interventions rely on insurer claims for patient identification and outcome measurement, yet suffer from incomplete capture and lags in data acquisition. Data from pharmacies regarding prescription filling, captured in retail dispensing, may be more efficient.Data SourcesPharmacy fill and insurer claims data.Study DesignWe compared adherence measured using pharmacy fill data to adherence using insurer claims data, expressed as proportion of days covered (PDC) over 12 months. Agreement was evaluated using correlation/validation metrics. We also explored the relationship between adherence in both sources and disease control using prediction modeling.Data Extraction MethodsLarge pragmatic trial of cardiometabolic disease in an integrated delivery network.Principal FindingsAmong 1113 patients, adherence was higher in pharmacy fill (mean = 50.0%) versus claims data (mean = 47.4%), although they had moderately high correlation (R = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.53–0.61) with most patients (86.9%) being similarly classified as adherent or nonadherent. Sensitivity and specificity of pharmacy fill versus claims data were high (0.89, 95% CI: 0.86–0.91 and 0.80, 95% CI: 0.75–0.85). Pharmacy fill‐based PDC predicted better disease control slightly more than claims‐based PDC, although the difference was nonsignificant.ConclusionsPharmacy fill data may be an alternative to insurer claims for adherence measurement.
Emerging models of care for individuals with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Savitz Lucy A. , Bayliss Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize emerging and current practice models to more effectively treat and support patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC).Data Sources/Study SettingWe conducted a rapid literature scoping augmented by key informant interviews with clinicians knowledgeable about MCC care from a broad spectrum of US delivery systems and feedback from multidisciplinary experts at two virtual meetings.Study DesignLiterature findings were triangulated with data from semi‐structured interviews with clinical experts. Reflections on early results were obtained from policy, research, clinical, advocacy, and patient representatives at two virtual meetings sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Emergent themes addressed were as follows: (1) more timely strategies for MCC care; and (2) trends not previously represented in the peer‐reviewed literature.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe rapid literature scoping relied on Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print databases for the most recent 5‐year period. Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone. Virtual meetings provided oral and written (chat) captured inputs.Principal FindingsAlthough the literature scoping did not identify a specific set of evidence‐based care models, key informant discussions identified eight themes reflecting emerging approaches to population‐based MCC care. For example, addressing the needs of individuals with MCC through a complexity lens by assessing and addressing social risk factors; extending the care continuum with home‐based care; understanding how to address ongoing patient and caregiver supports outside of clinical encounters; and engaging available community resources.ConclusionsIntegrating care for MCC patient populations requires processes for determining different subpopulation needs in various settings and lived experiences. Innovation should be anchored at the nexus of payment systems, social risks, medical needs, and community‐based resources. Our learnings suggest a need for an ongoing MCC care research agenda to inform new approaches to care delivery incorporating innovations in technology and home‐based supports for patients and caregivers.
Postacute care outcomes in home health or skilled nursing facilities in patients with a diagnosis of dementia
Authors: Burke Robert E. , Xu Yao , Ritter Ashley Z. , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of postacute care between home health (HH) and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) following hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia.Data Sources100% MedPAR data, Minimum Data Set, and Outcome and Assessment Information Set assessment data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis using an instrumental variable design to compare outcomes (30‐day readmission and mortality, 100‐day mortality) of HH versus SNF following acute hospitalization. We used the differential distance between patients' home and the closest HH agency and SNF to instrument for nonrandom allocation of patients.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe identified hospital discharges followed by SNF and HH stays for Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with dementia. We excluded beneficiaries younger than age 65, admitted to the hospital from a nursing home, or enrolled in hospice. We identified dementia using validated diagnostic codes with a 3‐year look‐back.Principal FindingsOur sample included 977,946 beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia; 297,732 (30.4%) received HH, while 680,214 (69.6%) went to SNF. Overall, 16.8% were readmitted to the hospital and 6.1% died within 30 days, while 15.4% died within 100 days of hospital discharge. In the instrumental variable analysis, there were no differences in any outcome between the two postacute care settings.ConclusionsMedicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of dementia receiving postacute care in HH or SNF experienced similar rates of readmission and mortality across settings. This finding raises important questions about current postacute care referral patterns, given 7 in 10 patients with a diagnosis of dementia in our sample were discharged to SNF.
Consumer selection and home health agency quality and patient experience stars
Authors: Schwartz Margot L. , Rahman Momotazur , Thomas Kali S. , Konetzka R. Tamara , Mor Vincent 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the impact of the introduction of two distinct sets of star ratings, quality of care, and patient experience, on home health agency (HHA) selection.Data SourcesWe utilized 2014–2016 home health Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) assessments, as well as publicly reported data from the Home Health Compare website.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe identified a 5% random sample of admissions (186,498 admissions) for new Medicare Fee‐for‐Service home health users.Study DesignThis admission‐level assessment compared HHA selection before (July 2014–June 2015) and after (February–December 2016) star ratings were published. We utilized a conditional logit, discrete choice model, which accounted for all HHAs that each patient could have selected (i.e., the choice set) based on ZIP codes. Our explanatory variables of interest were the interactions between star ratings and time period (pre/post stars). We stratified our analyses by race, admission source, and Medicaid eligibility. We adjusted for HHA characteristics and distance between patients' homes and HHAs.Principal FindingsThe introduction of star ratings was associated with a 0.88‐percentage‐point increase in the probability of selecting a high‐quality HHA and a 0.81‐percentage‐point increase in the probability of selecting a highly ranked patient experience HHA. Patients admitted from the community, and black and Medicare–Medicaid dual‐eligible beneficiaries experienced larger increases in their likelihood of selecting high‐rated agencies than inpatient, white, and nondual beneficiaries.ConclusionsThe introduction of quality of care and patient experience stars were associated with changes in HHA selection; however, the strength of these relationships was weaker than observed in other health care settings where a single star rating was reported. The introduction of star ratings may mitigate disparities in HHA selection. Our findings highlight the importance of reporting information about quality and satisfaction separately and conducting research to understand the mechanisms driving HHA selection.
Dynamic transcriptome analysis of Bombyx mori embryonic development
Authors: Xu Guan‐Feng , Gong Cheng‐Cheng , Lyu Hao , Deng Hui‐Min , Zheng Si‐Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBombyx mori has been extensively studied but the gene expression control of its embryonic development is unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of six stages of B. mori embryonic development using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). A total of 12 894 transcripts were obtained from the embryos. Of these, 12 456 transcripts were shared among the six stages, namely, fertilized egg, blastoderm, germ‐band, organogenesis, reversal period, and youth period stages. There were 111, 48, 41, 54, 77, and 107 transcripts specifically expressed during the six stages, respectively. By analyzing weighted gene correlation networks and differently expressed genes, we found that during embryonic development, many genes related to DNA replication, transcription, protein synthesis, and epigenetic modifications were upregulated in the early embryos. Genes of cuticle proteins, chitin synthesis‐related proteins, and neuropeptides were more abundant in the late embryos. Although pathways of juvenile hormone and the ecdysteroid 20‐hydroxyecdysone, and transcription factors were expressed throughout the embryonic development stages, more regulatory pathways were highly expressed around the organogenesis stage, suggesting more gene expression for organogenesis. The results of RNA‐seq were confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction of 16 genes of different pathways. Nucleic acid methylation and seven sites in histone H3 modifications were confirmed by dot blot and western blot. This study increases the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the embryonic developmental process and information on the regulation of B. mori development.
The ties that bribe: Corruption's embeddedness in Chicago organized crime*
Authors: Joseph Jared , Smith Chris M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe crime of corruption ranges from politicians involved in high‐profile scandals to low‐level bureaucrats granting contracts and police officers demanding bribes. Corruption occurs when state actors criminally leverage their positions of power for financial gain. Our study examines how corruption varies by political power position and within criminal contexts by measuring the embeddedness of corruption within Chicago historical organized crime. We analyze Chicago's organized crime network before and during Prohibition (1900–1919 and 1920–1933) to compare differences across embedded network positions between political, law enforcement, and nonstate actors. Our findings show that more police were in organized crime than politicians before Prohibition, but the small group of politicians had higher embeddedness in organized crime. During Prohibition, when organized crime grew and centralized, law enforcement decreased in proportion and became less embedded in organized crime. Politicians, however, maintained their proportion and high level of embeddedness. We argue that everyday corruption is more frequent but less embedded when criminal contexts are moderately profitable. As criminal contexts increase in profitability, however, corruption moves up the political ladder to include fewer people who are more highly embedded. This work has theoretical implications for the symbiotic relationship between corruption and criminal organizations.