bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Carbonaceous Aerosol and Its Absorption Properties From Fires in the Western United States (WE‐CAN) and Southern Africa (ORACLES and CLARIFY)
Authors: Carter Therese S. , Heald Colette L. , Cappa Christopher D. , Kroll Jesse H. , Campos Teresa L. , Coe Hugh , Cotterell Michael I. , Davies Nicholas W. , Farmer Delphine K. , Fox Cathyrn , Garofalo Lauren A. , Hu Lu , Langridge Justin M. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Murphy Shane M. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Shen Yingjie , Szpek Kate , Taylor Jonathan W. , Wu Huihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiomass burning (BB) produces large quantities of carbonaceous aerosol (black carbon and organic aerosol, BC and OA, respectively), which significantly degrade air quality and impact climate. BC absorbs radiation, warming the atmosphere, while OA typically scatters radiation, leading to cooling. However, some OA, termed brown carbon (BrC), also absorbs visible and near UV radiation; although, its properties are not well constrained. We explore three aircraft campaigns from important BB regions with different dominant fuel and fire types (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen [WE‐CAN] in the western United States and ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS and Cloud‐Aerosol‐Radiation Interactions and Forcing for Year downwind of southern Africa) and compare them with simulations from the global chemical transport model, GEOS‐Chem using GFED4s. The model generally captures the observed vertical profiles of carbonaceous BB aerosol concentrations; however, we find that BB BC emissions are underestimated in southern Africa. Our comparisons suggest that BC and/or BrC absorption is substantially higher downwind of Africa than in the western United States and, while the Saleh et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2220) and FIREX parameterizations based on the BC:OA ratio improve model‐observation agreement in some regions, they do not sufficiently differentiate absorption characteristics at short wavelengths. We find that photochemical whitening substantially decreases the burden and direct radiative effect of BrC (annual mean of +0.29 W m−2 without whitening and +0.08 W m−2 with). Our comparisons suggest that whitening is required to explain WE‐CAN observations; however, the importance of whitening for African fires cannot be confirmed. Qualitative comparisons with the OMI UV aerosol index suggest our standard BrC whitening scheme may be too fast over Africa.
Optimizing Rural Drinking Water Supply Infrastructure to Account for Spatial Variations in Groundwater Quality and Household Welfare in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Roman Orlando , Hoque Sonia Ferdous , Ford Lucinda , Salehin Mashfiqus , Alam Mohammad Monirul , Hope Robert , Hall Jim W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAchieving water security requires reconciling multiple objectives while prioritizing scarce resources for the provision of safe drinking water supplies. We examine decision‐making to invest in drinking water infrastructure in coastal Bangladesh where increasing saline intrusion in aquifers intersects with high levels of poverty for the 20 million people living in the coastal region. Multi‐objective optimization is used to explore the trade‐offs between two public policy goals: (a) maximizing overall access to improved water supplies (the greater good) and (b) maximizing access for the population with the lowest welfare (the greater need). To elucidate this trade‐off, we make use of groundwater salinity measurements, an extensive household survey and an audit of drinking water infrastructure in 1 out of Bangladesh’s 139 polders, which is home to nearly 60,000 people. We quantify the costs of a variety of drinking water supply options including deep tube wells, desalination plants, and piped systems. The recommended solutions are sequences of investments in water supply assets that are optimized to specified locations within the polder. The method is potentially scalable and transferrable to inform investments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (Target 6.1) of universal access to safe and affordable drinking water.
Electrical characteristics of amyloid beta peptides in vertical junctions
Authors: Seo Sohyeon , Lee Jinju , Choi Jungsue , Park G. Hwan , Hong Yeseul , Lee Hyoyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssembled amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides have been considered pathological assemblies involved in human brain diseases, and the electron transfer or electron transport characteristics of Aβ are important for the formation of structured assemblies. Here, we report the electrical characteristics of surface-assembled Aβ peptides similar to those observed in Alzheimer’s patients. These characteristics correlate to their electron transfer characteristics. Electrical current–voltage plots of Aβ vertical junction devices show the Aβ sequence dependence of the current densities at both Aβ monomers (mono-Aβs) and Aβ oligomers (oli-Aβs), while Aβ sequence dependence is not clearly observed in the electrical characteristics of Aβ planar field effect transistors (FETs). In particular, surface oligomerization of Aβ peptides drastically decreases the activity of electron transfer, which presents a change in the electron transport pathway in the Aβ vertical junctions. Electron transport at oli-Aβ junctions is symmetric (tunneling/tunneling) due to the weak and voltage-independent coupling of the less redox-reactive oli-Aβ to the contacts, while that at mono-Aβ junctions is asymmetric (hopping/tunneling) due to redox levels of mono-Aβ voltage-dependently coupled with contact electrodes. Consequently, through vertical junctions, the sequence- and conformation-dependent electrical characteristics of Aβs can reveal their electron transfer activities.
Tetrasubstituted imidazoles as incognito Toll-like receptor 8 a(nta)gonists
Authors: Yang Yi , Csakai Adam , Jiang Shuangshuang , Smith Christina , Tanji Hiromi , Huang Jian , Jones Torey , Sakaniwa Kentaro , Broadwell Lindsey , Shi Chengrui , Soti Subada , Ohto Umeharu , Fang Yaohui , Shen Shu , Deng Fei , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Yin Hang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall-molecule modulators of TLR8 have drawn much interests as it plays pivotal roles in the innate immune response to single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) derived from viruses. However, their clinical uses are limited because they can invoke an uncontrolled, global inflammatory response. The efforts described herein culminate in the fortuitous discovery of a tetrasubstituted imidazole CU-CPD107 which inhibits R848-induced TLR8 signaling. In stark contrast, CU-CPD107 shows unexpected synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA, while CU-CPD107 alone is unable to influence TLR8 signaling. CU-CPD107’s unique, dichotomous behavior sheds light on a way to approach TLR agonists. CU-CPD107 offers the opportunity to avoid the undesired, global inflammation side effects that have rendered imidazoquinolines clinically irrelevant, providing an insight for the development of antiviral drugs.
Understanding potential-dependent competition between electrocatalytic dinitrogen and proton reduction reactions
Authors: Choi Changhyeok , Gu Geun Ho , Noh Juhwan , Park Hyun S. , Jung Yousung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA key challenge to realizing practical electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is the decrease in the NRR activity before reaching the mass-transfer limit as overpotential increases. While the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been suggested to be responsible for this phenomenon, the mechanistic origin has not been clearly explained. Herein, we investigate the potential-dependent competition between NRR and HER using the constant electrode potential model and microkinetic modeling. We find that the H coverage and N2 coverage crossover leads to the premature decrease of NRR activity. The coverage crossover originates from the larger charge transfer in H+ adsorption than N2 adsorption. The larger charge transfer in H+ adsorption, which potentially leads to the coverage crossover, is a general phenomenon seen in various heterogeneous catalysts, posing a fundamental challenge to realize practical electrochemical NRR. We suggest several strategies to overcome the challenge based on the present understandings.
Towards omics-based predictions of planktonic functional composition from environmental data
Authors: Faure Emile , Ayata Sakina-Dorothée , Bittner Lucie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMarine microbes play a crucial role in climate regulation, biogeochemical cycles, and trophic networks. Unprecedented amounts of data on planktonic communities were recently collected, sparking a need for innovative data-driven methodologies to quantify and predict their ecosystemic functions. We reanalyze 885 marine metagenome-assembled genomes through a network-based approach and detect 233,756 protein functional clusters, from which 15% are functionally unannotated. We investigate all clusters’ distributions across the global ocean through machine learning, identifying biogeographical provinces as the best predictors of protein functional clusters’ abundance. The abundances of 14,585 clusters are predictable from the environmental context, including 1347 functionally unannotated clusters. We analyze the biogeography of these 14,585 clusters, identifying the Mediterranean Sea as an outlier in terms of protein functional clusters composition. Applicable to any set of sequences, our approach constitutes a step towards quantitative predictions of functional composition from the environmental context.
Pore-size engineered nanoporous silica for efficient adsorption cooling and desalination cycle
Authors: Mohammed Ramy H. , Rashad Emanne , Huo Ruiqing , Su Ming , Chow Louis C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdsorption cooling and desalination (ACD) system powered by renewable energy has been considered as a promising solution to solve interconnected global problems such as freshwater scarcity, high-cost air conditioning, CO2 emission, and global warming. In this work, a new nanoporous silica was synthesized through a self-assembly process using a combination of ionic and non-ionic surfactants. The silica has shown unique pore structures, including high surface area and large pore volume, as well as ideal pore size distribution. The new silica was deposited (coated) over the ligaments of aluminum foam for use as a sorption bed. An uncoated aluminum foam packed with conventional silica RD (regular density) particles serves as a baseline sorption bed. The freshwater production rate and cooling power produced using the two sorbents were compared. Silica RD outperforms the new silica for cooling while the new silica is far better for desalination application. Insights for such results are provided.
Morningness–eveningness assessment from mobile phone communication analysis
Authors: Roy Chandreyee , Monsivais Daniel , Bhattacharya Kunal , Dunbar Robin I. M. , Kaski Kimmo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman behaviour follows a 24-h rhythm and is known to be governed by the individual chronotypes. Due to the widespread use of technology in our daily lives, it is possible to record the activities of individuals through their different digital traces. In the present study we utilise a large mobile phone communication dataset containing time stamps of calls and text messages to study the circadian rhythms of anonymous users in a European country. After removing the effect of the synchronization of East-West sun progression with the calling activity, we used two closely related approaches to heuristically compute the chronotypes of the individuals in the dataset, to identify them as morning persons or “larks” and evening persons or “owls”. Using the computed chronotypes we showed how the chronotype is largely dependent on age with younger cohorts being more likely to be owls than older cohorts. Moreover, our analysis showed how on average females have distinctly different chronotypes from males. Younger females are more larkish than males while older females are more owlish. Finally, we also studied the period of low calling activity for each of the users which is considered as a marker of their sleep period during the night. We found that while “extreme larks” tend to sleep more than “extreme owls” on the weekends, we do not observe much variation between them on weekdays. In addition, we have observed that women tend to sleep even less than males on weekdays while there is not much difference between them on the weekends.
Pivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva
Authors: Adachi Haruhiko , Ozawa Makoto , Yagi Satoshi , Seita Makoto , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length. Hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we established the observation and analysis system of larval movement and found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods. These results are important for understanding the soil ecology and pose a challenge to engineer of newer excavation technology.
Memory for spatio-temporal contextual details during the retrieval of naturalistic episodes
Authors: Foudil Samy-Adrien , Pleche Claire , Macaluso Emiliano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEpisodic memory entails the storage of events together with their spatio-temporal context and retrieval comprises the subjective experience of a link between the person who remembers and the episode itself. We used an encoding procedure with mobile-phones to generate experimentally-controlled episodes in the real world: object-images were sent to the participants' phone, with encoding durations up to 3 weeks. In other groups of participants, the same objects were encoded during the exploration of a virtual town (45 min) or using a standard laboratory paradigm, with pairs of object/place-images presented in a sequence of unrelated trials (15 min). At retrieval, we tested subjective memory for the objects (remember/familiar) and memory for the context (place and time). We found that accurate and confident context-memory increased the likelihood of “remember” responses, in all encoding contexts. We also tested the participants' ability to judge the temporal-order of the encoded episodes. Using a model of temporal similarity, we demonstrate scale-invariant properties of order-retrieval, but also highlight the contribution of non-chronological factors. We conclude that the mechanisms governing episodic memory retrieval can operate across a wide range of spatio-temporal contexts and that the multi-dimensional nature of the episodic traces contributes to the subjective experience of retrieval.
Null-model-based network comparison reveals core associations
Authors: Röttjers Lisa , Vandeputte Doris , Raes Jeroen , Faust Karoline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicrobial network construction and analysis is an important tool in microbial ecology. Such networks are often constructed from statistically inferred associations and may not represent ecological interactions. Hence, microbial association networks are error prone and do not necessarily reflect true community structure. We have developed anuran, a toolbox for investigation of noisy networks with null models. Such models allow researchers to generate data under the null hypothesis that all associations are random, supporting identification of nonrandom patterns in groups of association networks. This toolbox compares multiple networks to identify conserved subsets (core association networks, CANs) and other network properties that are shared across all networks. We apply anuran to a time series of fecal samples from 20 women to demonstrate the existence of CANs in a subset of the sampled individuals. Moreover, we use data from the Global Sponge Project to demonstrate that orders of sponges have a larger CAN than expected at random. In conclusion, this toolbox is a resource for investigators wanting to compare microbial networks across conditions, time series, gradients, or hosts.
Understanding the reactivity of geminal P/B and P/Al frustrated Lewis pairs in CO2 addition and H2 activation
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Dzulfahmi , Surawatanawong Panida 
Published: July 2021

Despite having the stronger orbital interaction, the geminal P/B compound is less reactive than the geminal P/Al compound due to unfavorable core repulsion contribution and distortion contribution. The reactivity toward H2 is less than toward CO2.
The Assessment of Early Pragmatic Development: A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Language Use Inventory-Italian
Authors: Longobardi Emiddia , Lonigro Antonia , Laghi Fiorenzo , O'Neill Daniela K. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Pragmatics is receiving much attention in both the fields of developmental and clinical psychology; however, there is a dearth of instruments to assess pragmatic abilities specifically among young toddler-age children. The aim of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Language Use Inventory (LUI), named the LUI-Italian, a parent report measure assessing pragmatic language development in children 18–47 months of age.

Method

Parents of Italian-speaking children who ranged in age between 18 and 47 months completed the LUI-Italian at T1 (
N
= 389) and 1 week later (
N
= 53). At T1, children were also administered the First Language Test (Test del Primo Linguaggio [TPL]), a direct measure of pragmatics, vocabulary, and syntax.

Results
Cronbach's alpha values were at or above acceptable levels. Factor analysis and test–retest confirmed the strong structure and reliability of the LUI-Italian. Some evidence for concurrent validity was found, as shown by associations between the LUI-Italian and the TPL.

Conclusions
The LUI-Italian demonstrated good psychometric properties relating to reliability, thus providing a sound basis for proceeding to a standardization study, and supporting cross-cultural comparison of pragmatic development and further exploration of profiles of pragmatic competence for children displaying language impairments or delay. Future studies need to further test concurrent, divergent, and predictive validity of the LUI-Italian.
Multiwavelength analysis and modeling of OJ 287 during 2017–2020
Authors: Prince Raj , Agarwal Aditi , Gupta Nayantara , Majumdar Pratik , Czerny Bożena , Cellone Sergio A. , Andruchow I. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The blazar OJ 287 has been proposed as binary black hole system based on its periodic optical outburst. Black hole binary systems are scarce among blazars with parsec scale jets, and hence this source is exciting to study
Aims. The BL Lac OJ 287 is an interesting object for multiwavelength study due to its periodic outbursts. We analysed the optical, X-ray and γ-ray data of OJ 287 for the period of 2017–2020. There are several high states in optical–UV and X-ray frequencies during this period. Based on the observed variability in optical and X-ray frequencies, the entire period 2017–2020 is divided in five segments, in this paper referred as A, B, C, D, and E. A detailed temporal and spectral analysis is performed to understand the nature of the flaring activities of OJ 287.
Methods. To understand the temporal variability in this source we studied the intraday and fractional variability for all the various states. In additon, fast variability time was also estimated in order to understand the nature of variability. Furthermore, the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling was performed to know more about the physical processes responsible for the simultaneous broadband emission and the fast variability.
Results. The Fermi-LAT observations show a moderate flux level of this source in γ-ray frequency throughout this period, though flux variability has been observed. The source has shown a strong flux variability in X-ray, optical, and UV during early 2017 and mid 2020 when the source was in very high state. A single-zone synchrotron self-Compton emission model is considered to model the SED, and this helps us to explore the nature of this BL Lac with binary supermassive black holes.
Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves – Time Domain Sampler: In-flight performance and first results
Authors: Soucek J. , Píša D. , Kolmasova I. , Uhlir L. , Lan R. , Santolík O. , Krupar V. , Kruparova O. , Baše J. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Vaivads A. , Vecchio A. , Bérard D. , Bonnin X. 
Published: July 2021

Context.The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on board Solar Orbiter has been operating nearly continuously since the launch in February 2020. The Time Domain Sampler (TDS) receiver of the RPW instrument is dedicated to waveform measurements of plasma waves and dust impact signatures in an intermediate frequency range from 0.2 to 200 kHz.Aims.This article presents the first data from the RPW-TDS receiver and discusses the in-flight performance of the instrument and, in particular, the on-board wave and dust detection algorithm. We present the TDS data products and its scientific operation. We demonstrate the content of the dataset on several examples. In particular, we study the distribution of solar Langmuir waves in the first year of observations and one Type III burst event.Methods.The on-board detection algorithm is described in detail in this article and classifies the observed waveform snapshots, identifying plasma waves and dust impacts based on the ratio of their maximum amplitude to their median and on the spectral bandwidth. The algorithm allows TDS to downlink the most scientifically relevant waveforms and to perform an on-board statistical characterization of the processed data.Results.The detection algorithm of TDS is shown to perform very well in its detection of plasma waves and dust impacts with a high accuracy. The initial analysis of statistical data returned by TDS shows that sporadic Langmuir waves that are not associated with Type III events are routinely observed in the inner heliosphere, with a clear increase in occurrence rate closer to the Sun. We also present an example of RPW observations during an encounter of the source region of a Type III burst, which exploits the on-board calculated histograms data.
Deformation of sliding charge density wave in Rb0.3MoO3
Authors: Le Bolloc'h D. , Ravy S. , Senzier P. , Pasquier C. , Detlefs C. 
Published: July 2021

The correlation length of the charge density wave ordering in Rb0.3, MoO, has been studied by x-ray
diffraction under electric field applied along the one-dimensional axis. The (10, 0.25, -5.5) satellite reflection has
been measured in 3D, using high Q-resolution available at the ESRF. Under electrical field, the satellite reaches two
stable positions depending on the temperature. It can switch from one to another as a function of the temperature and
the current with very long relaxation times ($\rm 10^{th}$ of minutes). After several cycling with T and E, the satellite
reflection is found to shift in the 3 main directions. The width of the satellite is reduced by a factor of two in the
k-direction and an increase of the transverse correlation length is observed in the two others: the ordered domains look
elongated, reaching until 5000 Å in the direction of the applied field and around 1OOO Å, in the perpendicular
directions.