bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilosella aurantiaca (orange hawkweed).
Authors: Cortat Ghislaine , Grosskopf Gitta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. aurantiaca is a perennial herb which has spread rapidly in North America after its introduction as an ornamental and/or the contamination of pasture seeds from its native range in Europe. Although it is known to be a noxious weed elsewhere, it continues to be available as a garden ornamental and is therefore likely to spread further. It is an undesirable invader on account of its competitiveness, prolific seed production and vigorous vegetative growth leading to a drastic change in vegetation, loss in forage for stock, and loss of biodiversity. All Hieracium/Pilosella species are prohibited entry to Australia and New Zealand, and in the USA, P. aurantiaca is a declared weed in Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota and Washington.
Phakopsora meibomiae (soybean rust).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. meibomiae is a rust native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas that has a broad host range among legume species. It infects soyabean (Glycine max), but is less aggressive on that host than the Asian soyabean rust species, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, which has invaded and spread widely throughout the Americas. Due to the fact that the American species has not caused epidemics on soyabean in South America or invaded North America, it can be considered to be much less invasive than the Asian species. Given its broad host range, the possibility exists that strains of P. meibomiae could be a threat to other legumes cultivated in warm parts of the world.
Alternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. triticina is one of several species in the genus that have been isolated from wheat leaves; it is demonstrated to be pathogenic, whereas others appear to be primarily saprophytes. The leaf blight disease it causes has been a serious problem on susceptible cultivars of durum [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum] and bread wheat [Triticum aestivum] in India. The species has been reported from other hosts and other countries on several continents, but recent taxonomic examinations (Mercado Vergnes et al., 2006; Simmons, 2007) have only supported its presence in southern and southwestern Asia. Nevertheless, it is definitely seedborne, so that the possibility of accidental introduction by that means is a threat for growers using imported seed.
Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. phaseoloides is a vigorous fast-growing vine included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) and listed as one of the most aggressive weeds invading moist habitats in tropical and subtropical regions (USDA-ARS, 2012). It spreads by seeds and by runners (i.e., stolons) which are structures that enable plants to multiply rapidly and colonize entire forests very fast. This species has been extensively introduced in tropical and subtropical region of the world to be used as forage for livestock, to control soil erosion, and as a soil improvement species (Skerman et al., 1991; Cook et al., 2005). P. phaseoloides has the potential to degrade other plants by smothering them under a solid blanket of leaves, by girdling woody stems and tree trunks, and by breaking branches or uprooting entire trees and shrubs by the strength of its weight. Currently, this species is classified as a "noxious weed" in the United States (USDA-NRCS,2012) and as an invasive species in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Puerto Rico and Pacific Islands including Hawaii, Fiji, French Polynesia, Niue and New Caledonia (Soria et al., 2002; Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2012; Chacón and Saborio, 2012; PIER, 2012).
Pileolaria terebinthi.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. terebinthi is an autoecious rust, completing all stages of its life cycle on trees in the genus Pistacia. It occurs on native species from the western Mediterranean to mainland China and northwestern India, but has not been reported from native species or the introduced pistachio tree in North America. Introduction to other pistachio-growing areas has not occurred. The importation of infected trees or cuttings would facilitate this. No evidence exists that the commercially-traded nuts could carry the pathogen from infected fruit. Locally, the fungus is distributed by windborne basidiospores, aeciospores, urediniospores and fallen leaves bearing teliospores.
Ciborinia allii (neck rot of onion).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. allii is associated with the same serious neck-rot disease of onion as Botrytis allii. In general, B. allii is considered to be the more important of the two (Presly, 1985; Stewart and Franicevic, 1994; Lacy and Lorbeer, 1995). Losses of up to 50% have been reported due to neck rot of onions in storage (Kritzman and Netzer, 1978).
Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cananga odorata is known as the perfume tree or ylang-ylang, and the flowers (also leaves and fruits) yield an important essential oil widely used in perfume manufacture. The essential oil also has a wide range of medicinal uses. Cananga odorata can grow to a height of about 30 m with a straight stem and drooping, brittle branches, but when grown for perfume extraction it is normally not more than 3 m high. The tree is native to Southeast Asia, however, it has been widely planted, mainly in home gardens, as an ornamental, multipurpose species. It is found naturalized or planted in many tropical and subtropical areas of the World (particularly as an occasional species in fallow forests, open forests and along forest margins), including China, Taiwan and many of the Pacific Islands. The timber is used locally for construction purposes, for canoes, and occasionally for fuelwood. The species is also known to be sold and used for folk medicine. Medicinal uses include treatment of boils, as a carminative, for treatment of cephalgia, diarrhoea, gout, malaria, eye problems, rheumatism and as an emmenagogue (Duke, 2014).
Cassia grandis (pink shower).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. grandis is an element of lowland and riparian, semideciduous forests, occurring naturally from Mexico to South America. The species is usually 10-15 m high, and is very ornamental, especially due to its pink flowers which appear when the tree is partially defoliate and cover the entire crown. It is used in landscape design and urban arborization in tropical America, although in some cases its use is restricted due to the size of its fruits, which can reach 40-60 cm long. The species is recommended for live fences and revegetation in gallery forests in periodically flooded areas, but it is also adapted to a more or less pronounced dry season. C. grandis can be planted under direct sunlight in mixed tree systems, in fertile soils. The species has agroforestry potential for dry zones, especially in Central America, and is recommended for arborization of perennial crops and pastures, the fruits are highly appreciated by the cattle. C. grandis requires periodical pruning, however this may cause early decay and rot. The wood is used in construction, especially for carpentry, joinery, flooring, posts, beams, also for rustic furniture, tool handles, small bridges and boats. It is considered good for charcoal and fuelwood, and inadequate for cellulose and paper. In Central America, especially in Costa Rica, the membrane which surrounds the seeds is used as a substitute for chocolate, and is also used in many countries due to its medicinal properties. Researches have shown that extracts from this plant exhibit activity against the most common dermatophytes.
Cassia javanica (pink shower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. javanica is an attractive small tree with widely spreading branches and showy, bright-pink blossoms. It is native to South-East Asia and is widely planted throughout the tropics as an ornamental and roadside tree, and has become naturalized in numerous tropical countries. C. javanica is very polymorphic and several subspecies have been distinguished. This is the only Cassia species with valuable timber. The wood is used for general construction, furniture and cabinet making. It is a leguminous species, fairly drought tolerant and coppices vigorously. The tree also has promise for the tannin industry. Due to the species' considerable potential, further research into its silvicultural management is warranted.
Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. verum (cinnamon), formerly known as C. zeylanicum, is a small tree up to 18 m tall with a diameter at breast height of 60 cm. It grows naturally in forests in Sri Lanka and the western Ghats of South India and is now under cultivation in many parts of the world, including the Secheylles, Java, Brazil and Jamaica. The best cinnamon bark is still produced in Sri Lanka, the main producer and exporter of cinnamon. In its natural habitat this species is found growing from the lowlands up to an altitude of 700 m. C. verum is a hardy species which tolerates a wide range of tropical soils.
Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. monogyna is a widely distributed (Meusel et al., 1965), thorny shrub or small tree (up to 10 m high). It is an exceptionally variable species in all its morphological features, particularly in size and shape of leaves, resulting in a high number of forms described from various parts of its range (Browicz, 1986). Common hawthorn is native to most of Europe (excluding its northeastern part) and to some places on the Mediterranean seashore. In Asia it grows naturally in Anatolia (excluding the central and northeastern regions), in northwestern Caucasus, northeastern Iraq, northern Iran, western Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel (Boratynski, 1986). C. monogyna is generally regarded as lowland species, however it has been reported from Cyprus at 1525 m in altitude, Albania and Lebanon (1600 m), Macedonia (1630 m), Greece (1650 m) and Anatolia (up to 2200 m in altitude).
Calotropis procera (apple of sodom).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

C. procera is a fleshy evergreen shrub about 1.8-5.5 m tall, with a diameter at breast height of 15-20 cm (von Maydell, 1986). The flowers are pale green to white, with purple tips. A fibre obtained from the bark is used to make lines, bow-strings and twine; it can also be spun with cotton, or used to stuff mattresses and pillows. The fibre is strengthened by soaking in water for 1-2 days, but extensive soaking may reduce durability. The wood is of small dimensions and is too light for most uses. C. procera produces a distinctive white latex, which contains cardiotoxins and hydrocarbons with many medicinal and pesticidal properties. C. procera has been widely planted for fibre production and has become naturalized on the American and Australian continents. It is often abundant on degraded areas and is an indicator of overgrazing. C. procera is a widespread pioneer in semi-desert grassland and bushland (e.g. in Africa), and it also colonizes shifting sand-dunes such as in Rajasthan, India. However, due to its properties as a pioneer, there is a risk that this species may become a weed. More research is needed on C. procera to maximize production and marketing of its many potential products.
Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum).
Authors: Praciak Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Eucalyptus globulus varies from a multi-stemmed shrub on exposed sites to a very tall forest tree, 70-80 m tall, with a large open crown or a medium-sized woodland tree to 20 m. Although found mainly in Tasmania, it also occurs in southern Victoria. The wood is strong and moderately durable and is used for light and heavy construction and regarded as being excellent for cellulose and paper manufacture. It is slightly to moderately salt-tolerant (Marcar et al., 1995). Production from plantation-grown trees is mainly for pulpwood, but also for other timber products. It is an important plantation species in Australia and has experienced outstanding success as an exotic in many countries, with over 1 million ha of plantations established (Eldridge et al., 1993). The species is grown extensively on the Iberian Peninsula, Yunnan province in China and in Chile, for timber, pulp and oil production. The essential oil of E. globulus has dominated the market for cineole-rich oils since soon after the inception of the industry in 1852 (Doran and Saunders, 1993).
Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

F. macrophylla is a multipurpose tree and is used in hedges, shelterbelts, as a shade crop and in alley cropping. This species produces mulch, fodder, fuel wood and a dye. Its nitrogen fixing ability results in soil improvement, and the extensive root system aid soil conservation. The roots of this species are used as a tonic in China, and as an external application to ulcers or swellings in India. In China and India, F. macrophylla is important as a host plant for lac insects. Since 1978, 3000 hectares of lac stands have been planted in southern Yunnan, China (Chen et al., 1993).
Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia).
Authors: Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. chinensis is a multipurpose, fast-growing, large deciduous tree up to 30 m tall and 100 cm diameter. It has a very wide natural distribution in India, China and South-East Asia and is cultivated in many other tropical countries, particularly in Malesia and Africa. It prefers moist, well-drained sites and is sensitive to drought. It will tolerate only light frosts. This species has been extensively planted in the tea estates in Assam for shade, slope stabilization and for improving soil fertility.
Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Datiles Marianne Jennifer , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. lebbeck is a medium to fast-growing, drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing tree, widely introduced and now found throughout the tropics. It is adapted to a variety of climates from semi-arid to humid regions, and can tolerate saline, alkaline and marginal soils. It is a valuable and versatile tree producing small timber, fuel and fodder, and commonly used as an ornamental and shelter tree. While commonly grown in plantations, it is also promoted as an agroforestry species, especially in dryland silvopastoral systems.
Pinus elliottii (slash pine).
Authors: Praciak Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. elliottii var. elliottii is an important timber species native to the lower coastal plain within the southeastern USA. Because of its rapid early growth and its production of highly valuable wood products, it has been widely introduced into other countries. As an exotic, it is used in Africa, especially in southern Africa, and in Australia and South America for various products ranging from lumber to pulpwood. In Brazil, it makes an important contribution to the resin production industry. The preferred method of regenerating P. elliottii is by clearcutting followed by chemical or mechanical site preparation, then direct seeding or planting of nursery stock. Although natural regeneration by seedtree, shelterwood, or group selection is an option, availability of genetically superior stock usually makes planting the favoured method of regeneration. Rotation lengths vary according to product objective. The optimum pulpwood rotation is about 25 years. In unthinned plantations, this age increases to 30 from 23 years as density increases and site index declines. South Florida slash pine (P. elliottii var. densa) is characterized by a grasslike, almost stemless stage, that lasts for 2 to 6 years. Variety densa has a small range, a less desirable tree form than var. elliottii, and is more difficult to regenerate. P. elliottii is particularly susceptible to fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium fusiforme) and is frequently attacked by the southern pine bark beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis). The best protection against insect attack is to maintain vigorous, healthy stands through good forest management. The wood is used for a wide variety of products. Markets and size and quality of the material determine whether it is used for sawlogs, veneer logs, poles, pilings, posts, pulpwood, particle board, or chip-n-saw logs. The straightness of the bole makes P. elliottii particularly suited for poles, pilings, and solid-wood products. Although it may often grow more slowly than P. patula and P. taeda, it can produce higher pulpwood yields due to its higher wood density. P. elliottii yields the best quality and highest quantity of commercial turpentine of all American pitch pines (Streets, 1962). However, this use has declined significantly as other sources of resins have become more readily available.
Prunus serotina (black cherry).
Authors: Terwei André 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. serotina is a deciduous, single-stemmed tree, often medium- to large-sized, up 38 m in height and over 1.2 m or more in dbh in its native range in the eastern USA, though south-western varieties are much smaller. However, where introduced in Central Europe, P. serotina is mostly a shrub, only rarely a tree up to 20 m in height. Black cherry was among the first American trees to be cultivated as an ornamental in European gardens, introduced to England in 1629. In many places it has become naturalized and appears to be highly invasive. The invasive behaviour of this species in several northern and central European countries should be taken into account when considering future introductions to moist, temperate climates.
Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. indicus, known as smooth narra or narra, produces a high-quality timber, which is used in both structural work and for fine furniture, decorative flooring, cabinet work and musical instruments (Soerianegara and Lemmens, 1993). It is a rapidly-dwindling natural resource because the wood is so highly prized, and because the tree supplies many other products. It exudes a gum or resin, called 'kino' or 'sangre de drago' (dragon's blood), which is a powerful astringent, and the boiled shredded bark is used for tanning as well as for medicinal preparations. It can be planted as a species for agroforestry, reforestation, as an ornamental and avenue tree. A possible disadvantage of the species is that it is relatively slow-growing, which discourages tree farmers from propagating the species on a commercial scale. Research aimed at identifying provenances with faster growth rates and greater yields is desired.
Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Pasiecznik Nick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. terebinthifolia is a small tree, 3-10 m tall (occasionally up to 15 m) and 10-30 cm diameter (occasionally up to 60 cm). It is native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, generally colonizing open areas, and is particularly found on forest borders and river margins. The tree has an attractive appearance and was introduced to many countries in Europe, Central America, the West Indies, and to the USA, as an ornamental and street tree. It has become an aggressive woody weed, displacing native vegetation as well as rapidly invading disturbed sites. It may also cause allergies in sensitive people even without direct contact with the leaves and fruits. It has a high ecological plasticity, a short life cycle and very rapid growth, and its fruits are eaten by birds (Hasui and Hofling, 1998) and other animals; it is therefore recommended as a wildlife food plant and for the restoration of degraded areas and especially gallery forests. The tree is also used in hedges. It is used to stabilize dunes on the Brazilian Atlantic coast. The Brazilian pepper-tree, as S. terebinthifolia is commonly known, does not have significant commercial value in Brazil, being used for posts, fuelwood and charcoal, and as a source of tannins and resins (Baggio, 1988), but the fruits are highly appreciated as a condiment in Europe, where they are used as a substitute for black pepper (Piper nigrum) (Laca-Buendia et al., 1992). S. terebinthifolia is well known for its medicinal characteristics and produces good quality fodder, especially for goats, but it must be used carefully because of the toxicity of some of the plant parts. Essential oils extracted from the seeds of S. terebinthifolia have pesticidal activity against the housefly, Musca domestica. Its antimicrobial properties have also been investigated (Martinez et al., 1996).
Syzygium grande (sea apple).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

S. grande is a moderately fast growing tree (up to 30 m tall) with natural populations in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand. It is planted in hill forests in Bangladesh. It has good timber for poles, railway sleepers and carriage bodies. The mature trees tolerate fire and have been used in fire-breaks in Malaysia. It has a good regeneration capacity. There are about 70 fruits per kilogram (110-115 seeds per kilogram). Seed viability is short (15-25 days). About 60-70% of seeds germinate after direct sowing. In nurseries, seed germination can increase to 75-80% when raised in polybags. It coppices well when young, but coppicing ability declines with age. It can also be propagated vegetatively through grafting and air-layering. The Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) has selected Provisional Plus Trees, established clonal orchards and identified seed production areas for tree improvement. At 45 years rotation the MAI recorded from Bangladesh is 5.4 cubic metres per hectare. More research is needed on its genetic variation and assessment of different provenances.
Tabebuia rosea (pink poui).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

T. rosea is a medium to large tree attaining a height of 28-37 m with a d.b.h. of 50-100 cm. It is widespread from Mexico to Peru, Venezuela and Ecuador. T. rosea is a very important species in these regions, its timber is valuable and of good quality, it is excellent to work and has an attractive finish. It shows good performance in forestry plantations and enrichment planting trials, and also has high potential to be used in afforestation projects. This species is also used in agroforestry (e.g. alley cropping), as a live fence, as a shade tree and as an ornamental. It is the national tree of El Salvador.