bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducible expression of human papillomavirus‐16 L1 capsomeres in the plastomes of Nicotiana tabacum: Transplastomic plants develop normal flowers and pollen
Authors: Latif Sara , Gottschamel Johanna , Syed Tahira , Younus Iqra , Gull Kehkshan , Sameeullah Muhammad , Batool Neelam , Lössl Andreas Günter , Mariz Filipe , Müller Martin , Mirza Bushra , Waheed Mohammad Tahir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus type‐16 (HPV‐16) is the major HPV type involved in causing cervical cancer among women. The disease burden is high in developing and underdeveloped countries. Previously, the constitutive expression of HPV‐16 L1 protein led to male sterility in transplastomic tobacco plants. Here, the HPV‐16 L1 gene was expressed in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum under the control of an ethanol‐inducible promoter, trans‐activated by nucleus‐derived signal peptide. Plants containing nuclear component were transformed with transformation vector pEXP‐T7‐L1 by biolistic gun. The transformation and homoplasmic status of transformed plants was verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting, respectively. Protein was induced by spraying 5% ethanol for 7 consecutive days. The correct folding of L1 protein was confirmed by antigen‐capture ELISA using a conformation‐specific antibody. The L1 protein accumulated up to 3 μg/g of fresh plant material. The L1 protein was further purified using affinity chromatography. All transplastomic plants developed normal flowers and produced viable seeds upon self‐pollination. Pollens also showed completely normal structure under light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These data confirm the use of the inducible expression as plant‐safe approach for expressing transgenes in plants, especially those genes that cause detrimental effects on plant growth and morphology.
Valuation and estimation from experience
Authors: Olschewski Sebastian , Newell Ben R. , Oberholzer Yvonne , Scheibehenne Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe processing of sequentially presented numerical information is a prerequisite for decisions from experience, where people learn about potential outcomes and their associated probabilities and then make choices between gambles. Little is known, however, about how people's preference for choosing a gamble is affected by how they perceive and process numerical information. To address this, we conducted a series of experiments wherein participants repeatedly sampled numbers from continuous outcome distributions. They were incentivized either to estimate the means of the numbers or to state their minimum selling prices to forgo a consequential draw from the distributions (i.e., the certainty equivalents or valuations). We found that participants valued distributions below their means, valued high‐variance sequences lower than low‐variance sequences, and valued left‐skewed sequences lower than right‐skewed sequences. Though less pronounced, similar patterns occurred in the mean estimation task where preferences should not play a role. These results are not consistent with prior findings in decision from experience such as the overweighting of high numbers and the underweighting of rare events. Rather, the qualitative effects, as well as the similarity of effects in valuation and estimation, are consistent with the assumption that people process numbers on a compressed mental number line in valuations from experience.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new formulation‐lipid emulsion‐based PTX injection: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distributions and anticancer effect on human gastric cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Fei Yibo , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Shengyuan , Shen Fuming , Fan Guorong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPaclitaxel (PTX) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents. The commercial PTX formulation was based on Cremophor EL and ethanol owing to its poor aqueous solubility. However, Cremophor EL has been shown to cause toxic effects such as life‐threatening anaphylaxis. In our study, we diluted PTX in a commercially available 20% (w/v) lipid emulsion (Lip‐PTX) in order to avoid Cremophor EL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions between Lip‐PTX and PTX injection. We also investigated the effects of Lip‐PTX and PTX injection on human gastric cancer cells HGC‐27 by MTT assay. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Furthermore, the safety such as acute toxicity was also assessed. The results showed that PTX in Sprague–Dawley rats administered Lip‐PTX exhibited extended half‐life, increased clearance (P < 0.05) and smaller area under the concentration–time curve compared with PTX injection and there was little significant difference in the distribution of PTX in Sprague–Dawley rats or tumor‐bearing mice between Lip‐PTX and PTX injection. The cells treated with Lip‐PTX had a higher percentage of apoptosis and a higher G2/M phase ratio, which indicated that the anticancer effect of Lip‐PTX was significantly better than that of PTX injection. Moreover, our study highlighted the safety of Lip‐PTX. This study demonstrated the feasibility and potential advantages of Lip‐PTX for clinical therapy.
Influence of mobility restrictions on post‐stroke pain
Authors: Atalan Pelin , Bērziņa Guna , Sunnerhagen Katharina S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the role of mobility limitations and vitality, as well as additional factors such as comorbidities, to predict post‐stroke pain.Materials & MethodsThis study included cross‐sectional data from 214 participants living in varied settings in different parts of Sweden. Participants were asked to complete the Stroke Impact Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, and Self‐administered Comorbidity Questionnaire to evaluate mobility, vitality, comorbidities, and pain. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic and clinical characteristics. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the pain domain score on Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36.ResultsThe mean age of all participants in the sample was 66 years (SD 14); 43.4% of the study population were women. After analyses, “standing without losing balance and vitality’’ were found to be significant predictors in the model which explained the pain score on Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results suggest that restrictions in mobility and low vitality have an important role on the occurrence of post‐stroke pain. Having post‐stroke pain could be due to not able to stand without losing balance and low vitality. Thus, rehabilitation professionals may consider the importance of these factors, especially mobility restrictions, in preventing post‐stroke pain.
Lewis Acid Enables Ketone Phosphorylation: Synthesis of Alkenyl Phosphonates
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Hong , Bai Chun‐Yuan , Zhao Lian‐Biao , Zhang Ping , Li Zhen‐Hua , Wang Yan‐Bin , Su Qiong 
Published: March 2021

Main observation and conclusionAn efficient Lewis acid enabled ketones phosphonylation to synthesize vinylphosphonates has been developed. This method relays on ketone hydrophosphonylation/α‐hydroxy phosphonates unimolecular elimination (E1) dehydration cascade reaction sequence. Various C—P bond formation products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with water as the only byproduct in the reaction.
Engineering Sn‐based Catalytic Materials for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Tay Ying Fan , Tan Zheng Hao , Lum Yanwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electroreduction of CO2 provides a promising avenue to use renewable electricity for the sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. In particular, formate is attractive as a liquid hydrogen carrier or used directly in a fuel cell to generate electricity on demand. Sn‐based catalysts have emerged as promising catalysts, however key issues such as how to reduce overpotential, enhance selectivity and maximize long‐term stability are still yet to be resolved. In this minireview, we will highlight recent key advances in developing Sn‐based catalysts, covering experimental and computational efforts on this front. Intriguingly, among the various strategies employed, we find that modifying the Sn oxidation state towards electron deficiency has been most effective. Finally, we also provide a perspective and outlook on future research and development of these Sn‐based catalysts.
Staged data delivery protocol: A blockchain‐based two‐stage protocol for non‐repudiation data delivery
Authors: Wang Liang , Liu Jiayan , Liu Wenyuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor many years, non‐repudiation in data delivery has not been satisfactorily achieved due to the difficulty of supervising delivery behavior. Existing fair protocols are still not entirely free of third parties who are usually not as trustworthy as expected. Moreover, most of them are built on complex encryption schemes, resulting in inefficiencies when handling large chunks of data and non‐exchanged data sharing. To be able to deliver data without third parties and repudiation, we propose the staged data delivery protocol (SDDP) that integrates fair data delivery into Blockchain consensus processes. SDDP confirms transactions of data delivery in a cascading manner where nodes sign on each transaction one after another. It consists of two stages, in which neither party will have a considerable advantage over the other. In this way, SDDP enables non‐repudiation of directly delivering large chunks of data through an understandable communication strategy; and the Blockchain network replaces third parties to preserve an immutable history of data delivery activities. The results of extensive evaluations show that SDDP is admissible for dealing with fair data delivery on the basis of its good qualities and performance.
Photomodulation of a Dual‐Color Luminescent System Combining Quantum Dots with a FRET Acceptor Ligand**
Authors: Budyka Mikhail F. , Nikulin Pavel A. , Gavrishova Tatiana N. , Chashchikhin Oleg V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein, we report on a dual‐color, photoswitchable donor‐acceptor nanosystem based on quantum dots (QD) and an anthryl quinolyl ethylene photoactive functional ligand (AQE‐FL), in which a carboxylic group is used to anchor AQE‐FL to QD. Photophysical and photochemical properties of the resulting photoswitchable QD system (psQD) were studied by steady state and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods. Efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from QD to AQE‐FL was shown. Applicability of the Stern‐Volmer formalism (with a subdivision into static and dynamic quenching) to the psQD studied is discussed. The spectral overlap integrals of QD emission and trans‐ and cis‐AQE‐FL isomers absorption differ by 3 times that which is used for controlling the FRET efficiency. Consequently, the psQD emission is redistributed between the QD (417 nm) and AQE (520 nm) channels, i. e. dual‐color fluorescent switching between two observable states without the “off” state is recorded.
Towards stable and high‐capacity anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries by embedding of Sb/Sn nanoparticles into electrospun mesoporous carbon fibers
Authors: Liu Tian , Yan Runyu , Josef Elinor , Huang Haijian , Pan Long , Niederberger Markus , Oschatz Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntimony and tin are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical sodium storage capacities. However, significant volume change during cycling limits their long‐term stability and rate performance. Composite engineering can minimize this problem. A versatile method for the synthesis of Sb nanoparticles inside the mesopores of carbon fibers prepared through electrospinning and subsequent carbothermal reduction is presented in this work. The mesopore architecture can host up to 61 wt% of Sb nanoparticles and buffer the volume changes during cycling. Smaller pores in the carbon provide the pathways for reversible insertion/extraction of sodium. This binder‐free material provides high rate capability and a long‐term cycling performance when used as an anode in half‐cells. When cycled at 0.5 A g−1, the composite shows an initial capacity of 520 mA h g−1 with 507 mA h g−1 remaining after 500 cycles. Even at a high current density of 20 A g−1, a capacity of 197 mA h g−1 is still achieved. Sn nanoparticles can be embedded in the mesopores of the carbon fibers by a similar method. These Sn‐based anodes also show remarkable electrochemical performance, indicating that this approach represents a generally applicable strategy for synthesizing advanced battery anodes.
Assessment of lead biosorption performance of spent Gelidiella acerosa (marine macro algae): Optimization, isotherm, kinetic, and column studies
Authors: D John Babu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this research, biosorption of Lead using spent Gelidiella acerosa from synthetic aqueous phase was studied in batch and fixed bed modes. Biosorbent was prepared from waste biomass of Gelidiella acerosa after extraction of agar as a model industrial waste recycle. The process efficiency and optimum lead uptake were evaluated by considering initial pH, lead concentration, and biosorbent dosage as process variables and contact time and temperature as fixed parameters. Central composite design of Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize process parameters and ANOVA showed that initial pH of lead solution significantly influences the biosorption. Interaction effects of different process parameters on process efficiency were analyzed with the help of surface response plots. The highest lead biosorption of 90.75% was noticed at optimum conditions of pH 5.15, initial lead concentration 27.35 mg L−1 and biosorbent dosage 0.04 g. Various kinetic equations were used to analyze the biosorption mechanism and found that metal binding is due to chemical reaction with multi stage mass transfer. Langmuir isotherm was found to be well fitted to equilibrium data. Column studies were also conducted to assess the suitability of the process to continuous operations. The most popular Thomas and Yoon nelson models were used to evaluate the fitness of column studies. Biosorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM to determine surface functional groups and surface texture.
Interstitial carbon defects in silicon. A quantum mechanical characterization through the infrared and Raman spectra
Authors: Platonenko Alexander , Gentile Francesco Silvio , Pascale Fabien , D'Arco Philippe , Dovesi Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of various interstitial carbon defects in silicon are computed at the quantum mechanical level by using an all electron Gaussian type basis set, the hybrid B3LYP functional and the supercell approach, as implemented in the CRYSTAL code (Dovesi et al. J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 152, 204111). The list includes two 〈100〉 split interstitial IXY defects, namely ICC and ICSi, a couple of related defects that we indicate as IXIY, the so called in its A and B form, as well as SiCiSi and CsCiCs, in which the interstitial carbon atom is twofold coordinated. The second undergoes a large relaxation, and the final configuration is close to ICCCs. Geometries, relative stabilities, electronic, and vibrational properties are analysed. All these defects show characteristic features in their IR spectrum (above 730 cm−1), whereas the Raman spectrum is dominated, in most of the cases, by the pristine silicon peak at 530 cm−1, that hides the defect peaks.
Biodegradation of crude oil using symbiont crude‐oil degrading bacteria isolated from corals collected at the Persian Gulf
Authors: Ansari Nasrin , Rokhbakhsh‐Zamin Farokh , Hassanshahian Mehdi , Hesni Majid Askari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAbout 25,000 oil tankers are transported annually through the Persian Gulf in Iran. Therefore, oil pollution in this region is very high. Research on the use of marine bacteria to degrade crude oil has yielded good results in recent years. The present study investigates bacteria that are symbiotic with marine corals and their ability to degrade crude oil. Corals were collected from five regions in the Persian Gulf and enriched with decomposing bacteria in ONR7a culture. After biochemical and molecular identification of bacterial isolates, the ability of the strains to degrade crude oil by spectrophotometric, gravimetric, and Gas Chromatography‐ Mass Spectroscopy (GC‐MS) methods was investigated.RESULTSFinally, 26 bacterial strains were identified from 5 coral samples. The efficient strains that had the highest crude‐oil degradation belonged to genera Cobetia, Shewanella, Alcanivorax, and Cellulosimicrobium. Strains IAUK3568, IAUK3568, IAUK3502, IAUK3531, and IAUK3552 exhibited a maximum degradation of crude oil of 93.5%, 88.13%, 87.24%, 85.17%, and 77.3%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that all bacterial isolates degrade medium‐chain alkanes better than long‐ and short‐chain alkanes. The data obtained in this study confirm that the corals of the Persian Gulf have the necessary bacterial diversity to decompose crude oil and, consequently, reduce pollution in this region. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Preparation of a poly (PEGDA‐co‐GMA) thin hydrogel matrix for oligonucleotide microarray applications
Authors: Qi Yuan , Li Kaiyao , Zhao Changwen , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFabricating oligonucleotide microarrays with high immobilization efficiency and sensitivity by a simple surface modification route remains highly desirable in the biochip field. Here we develop a facile method to prepare a 3D crosslinking thin hydrogel film on glass slides for high‐density immobilization of DNA probes.RESULTSThin hydrogel film using poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as crosslinker and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as functional monomer was attached on vinyl group‐modified glass slides by a photopolymerization technique. The effect of monomer ratios (PEGDA:GMA) on the surface hydrophilicity of the hydrogel layer and the immobilization density of DNA probes were investigated and an optimal monomer ratio of 10:1 and te maximum immobilization density of 1.4 pmol cm–2 were found. Adjusting the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel film effectively suppressed its swelling and produced a typical dense but not porous structure with a flat surface favorable for printing microarrays. The maximum immobilization density and efficiency of oligonucleotide probes on the 3D hydrogel film were 1.4 pmol cm–2 and 83%, respectively, which are superior values to those on a 1D support. The microarray had a wide detection range of target nucleotides from 15.3 pmol L–1 to 62.5 nmol L–1. In addition, the hybridization assay demonstrated that the microarray showed high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 30.5 pmol L–1.CONCLUSIONThe poly (PEGDA‐co‐GMA) hydrogel film could be grafted on the glass slide by the photopolymerization technique and the DNA probe was effectively immobilized on the thin hydrogel by reacting with the epoxy groups. This strategy of attaching a thin cross‐linked poly(PEGDA‐co‐GMA) hydrogel layer on glass slides has promising prospects in the fields of bioanalysis and microarrays. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Investigation of the treatability of pre‐coagulated slaughterhouse wastewater using dead‐end filtration
Authors: Özdemir Safiye , Uzal Nigmet , Gökçek Öznur Begüm 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, the performance of the membrane process, one of the advanced treatment methods that can enable the reuse of slaughterhouse wastewater, was evaluated. The wastewater was treated using ultrafiltration (UF) (10, 50 kDa), nanofiltration (NF) (150–300 DA) and reverse osmosis (RO) (500 kDa) membranes alone, and UF + NF, UF + RO membrane combinations at different pressures. In addition to rejection and permeate flux considerations, it was attempted to select the most effective membrane by performing scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy analyses of the membranes used.RESULTSAs a result of the experiments, the highest flux was observed at 5 bar for the 50 kDa UF membrane. When the performances of the sequential application of 10 and 50 kDa UF membranes followed by NF and RO membranes were evaluated, the highest flux was obtained for the sequential application of the 50 kDa UF membrane with the NF membrane as 19.68 and 9.05 L m−2 h, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was obtained for the RO membrane at 20 bar as 88.67%, and for the 50 kDa UF + RO sequential application, the COD removal was increased from 70% to 88.67%. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Tetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, and antibiotic resistance gene dynamics during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure
Authors: Schueler Jenna , Lansing Stephanie , Crossette Emily , Naas Kayla , Hurst Jerod , Raskin Lutgarde , Wigginton Krista , Aga Diana S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibiotic use in animal husbandry is a potential entryway for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to enter the environment through manure fertilizer application. The potential of anaerobic digestion (AD) to remove antibiotics and ARGs was investigated through tetracycline (TC) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) additions into dairy manure digested for 44 d. This was the first study to evaluate antibiotics at concentrations quantified on‐farm and relevant to field applications of manure. Triplicate treatments included a 1 mg L–1 TC spike, a 10 mg L–1 TC spike, a 1 mg L–1 SDM spike (SDM 1), a 10 mg L–1 SDM spike, a mixture of TC and SDM at 1 mg L–1 each (TC+SDM 1), and a manure‐only treatment. The SDM spikes were reduced by >99% reduction during the AD processing, but TC additions had variable reductions (0–96%). Molecular analyses showed that decreases in tetM gene copies correlated with declines in TC; however, reductions in SDM concentration did not correlate with decreases in sul1 gene copy concentrations. The AD reactors containing 10 mg L–1 of TC and 10 mg L–1 of SDM both had CH4 production reductions of 7.8%, whereas no CH4 reduction was observed in other treatments (1 mg L–1 treatments). The study results were the first to confirm that AD can remove SDM when adding at concentrations observed in on‐farm manure (<1 mg L–1) without compromising energy production. Because TC adsorbs to the solid particles and transforms into isomers, the decreases in TC concentrations were more variable and should be closely monitored.