bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planning model of a group UAV flight in three-dimensional space
Authors: Maksimov N A , Zhigalov K , Gorban A V , Ignatev I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the algorithm and model for planning group actions of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor a given set of objects. A distinctive feature of the task is the shooting of objects from a predetermined height. This makes it necessary to move from considering a “flat” model to planning a flight in three-dimensional space. In addition, the authors take into account the possibility of destroying individual UAVs and the need to reschedule the flight route for the remaining UAVs in order to accomplish the assigned task.
Use of criticality principle in information protection systems at machine-building enterprises
Authors: Zhigalov K Yu , Turluyev R R , Dudareva O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At present, the security of information systems plays a key role not only for large enterprises, but also for individuals. The information presented in the paper considers an innovative approach to the organization of multi-stage protection of information networks based on access matrices created and specified by data on the degree of criticality of protected files against illegal actions of third parties. The authors proposed to use several levels of criticality with three degrees: critical for program running; important for programs; not critical to programs. Besides, an algorithm for determining the criticality level by file extension as universal is proposed as the basic one. Timely response to changes in critical files not only of the operating system, but also of all programs significantly increases the security of enterprise systems. Moreover, the proposed method can be used to minimize the loss of important data.
Influence of plasma arc power on the melting of the envelope layer containing NiCrBSi alloy and the surface coating quality during plasma heating
Authors: Nguyen Van Chie , Balanovskiy A E , Kargapol’tsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina Yu I , Shtayger M G , Karlina A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The experiments are carried out to obtain coatings by plasma heating of an envelope containing a NiCrBSi alloy with different thicknesses (0.25; 0.5; 1.00 mm) on exposure to different powers (100; 140; 160 A). The resulting coatings have different depths of the hardened layer. With a thin preliminary envelope layer (0.25 and 0.5 mm), defects easily appear under the influence of high power. With a thicker envelope layer (1 mm), the ability of the alloy to diffuse into steel is limited. The low power of the plasma arc of 100 A limits the diffusion and transformation of the molten pool, sufficient for saturation with alloying elements of a thick layer of the envelope (0.5 and 1 mm).
Comparative study of state of charge estimation algorithms for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Shamarova N , Komarnicki P , Wenge C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Batteries are known to have found full applications in industries ranging from small electronic devices, mobile phones to complex systems such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems. The last one is characterized by the presence of large batteries with more than hundreds or thousands of batteries, so the process of estimation of their parameters becomes even more critical, demanding and complex. The evaluation of the state of batteries should be understood as finding the exact value of the following values: state of charge, capacity and internal resistance. The last two parameters are used to assess the health of batteries, to find available power and amount of energy respectively. Estimation the state of charge remains one of the most difficult tasks in the study of battery conditions. It is also one of the most important parameters that affect the correct operation of the battery, namely reliability, safety, performance. The main task of this paper is to present methods for reliable testing and evaluation of lithium batteries under different scenarios and conditions.
Mathematical modeling of the sunflower cake grinding process
Authors: Shepelev A B , Priporov I E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design of an improved sunflower cake grinder is proposed, which consists in the modernization of knives in knife blocks in the form of an Archimedes Arbelo curvilinear triangle with saw-edged teeth along the perimeter of the entire surface of the cutting edge. This will allow obtaining cake in a crumbled form, depending on the type of the farm animal by constructing a mathematical model that considers physical and mechanical properties of the material, which describes the dependence of its design parameters on the factors under study that affect the technological process of its production and thereby improve the grinding quality. The article presents the mathematical model that allows determining the optimal values of the design parameters of the improved grinder. The improved sunflower cake grinder allows reducing its specific energy consumption compared to series-produced ones without deteriorating the quality of the material and to increase its performance. Based on the experimental studies conducted, the improved sunflower cake grinder allows it to be used in technological lines for the production of mixed feed with its adding in a crumbled form. The obtained design parameters of the improved grinder will be used in the further modernization of series-produced grinders for concentrated feed produced by Russian enterprises for various types of farm animals, which will allow replacing imported concentrated feed with Russian ones and thereby not depend on them due to the current situation in the world.
Technology for prediction of salt deposition in oil production
Authors: Lenchenkova L E , Zainagalina L Z , Bulchaev N D , Kotenev Yu A , Bulyukova F Z , Safiullina A R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The formation of inorganic salts in the bottom-hole area leads to a deterioration of the reservoir filtration properties and a decrease in the productivity of oil wells. The conducted research shows that the decrease in rock permeability due to salt deposition during flooding mainly depends on the number of filtered pore volumes of the injected solution, the rate of injection, temperature, differences in pressure, initial permeability of the rock and the concentration of the solution. The development of an empirical formula for predicting salt deposits in the bottom-hole area and describing the dependence of rock permeability on these factors involves the use of reliable experimental and field data. The authors propose a method for determining the probability of precipitation of some inorganic salts in the well.
Data analysis of the corrosion protection performance of aminobenzene concentrations on 1070 aluminum alloy in dilute HCl solution
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas , Daada Tobi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGravimetric and statistical analysis was used to assess the protection performance of aminobenzene compound on 1070 aluminum alloy in 1 M HCl solution in volumetric concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%. Data output shows aminobenzene performed poorly at lower concentrations (2.5% to 10% aminobenzene concentrations) with highest value of 61.3% at 10% concentration and 480 h of exposure time. However, at higher concentrations the corrosion and oxidation of the aluminium surface was effectively suppressed with peak value of 81.7% at 480 h of exposure. Aminobenzene inhibition performance was determined to be highly concentration dependent with limited variation with respect to observation time. Standard deviation data showed significant variation of protection performance data at lower aminobenzene concentrations due to variation of the protection performance data with respect to observation time and thermodynamic instability of the inhibition mechanism. At 12.5% and 15% aminobenzene concentration the standard deviation values visibly decreased due to improved inhibition performance. Data also showed that only 31.67% of the protection performance data is above 70% inhibition efficiency at margin of error of +8.32%. Data from analysis of variance shows inhibitor concentration is the only statistical relevant factor at 75.57% responsible inhibition output of aminobenzene on the aluminium alloy compared to observation time with statistical relevance value of 12.28%.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by cell-free extract from Trichoderma reesei - study on the influence of growth media
Authors: Gemishev O Ts , Panayotova M I , Panayotov V T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Trichoderma reesei is a non-pathogenic microorganism able to reduce the toxic for the microorganism silver ions (Ag+) to non-toxic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The effect of components of the nutrient medium on which the biomass from T. reesei was obtained on the biosynthesis of AgNPs from Ag+ was monitored. Five media were studied. The main medium (1) contained glucose-2%, NH4Cl-0.1%, CO(NH2)2-0.3%, (NH4)2SO4-0.1%, KH2PO4-0.2%, (NH4)2SO4-0.14%, MgSO4.7H2O-0.03%, CaCl2.2H2O-0.04%. The other were medium 1+0.1% yeast extract (2), medium 1+0.1% corn steep liquor (3), medium 1+0.1% peptone (4), medium 1+0.1% casamino acids (5). After culturing the strain, the resulting biomass was subjected to aqueous extraction, and the cell-free extract - CFE (containing biologically active metabolites) was used for extracellular biotransformation (performed with 10% extracted biomass and 10 mM AgNO3) of Ag+ to AgNPs. The AgNPs formation was monitored by UV-Vis. The isolated nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, ICP-AES and FTIR-ATR. The slowest reduction rate of Ag+ was obtained with the CFE from biomass grown in medium 1 and the highest - with CFE from biomass grown in medium 3. Nearly mono disperse spherical AgNPs (2-6 nm) were synthesized with the aid of CFE of fungi cultivated in media 1 and 3. The AgNPs obtained with CFE from the other media were 4-11 nm.
Electrically tunable reflector based on ferroelectric material for millimetre wavelength range
Authors: Altynnikov A G , Platonov R A , Sosunov A M , Ivanov A D , Legkova T K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design of a millimeter-wave reflector based on the ferroelectric ceramic was elaborated and considered. Among the advantages of the proposed design are simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to devices based on active repeaters and reflectarrays. The use of ferroelectric ceramic in the reflector design allows operating in a wide frequency range up to 100 GHz. Parameters of ferroelectric ceramic were experimentally measured and used in the electromagnetic simulation of the proposed reflector. Simulation of the reflector’s radiation pattern demonstrated the effective beam scan possibility in a range of 35 deg.
Sustainability and life cycle cost analysis of biomass pyrolysis
Authors: Pang Yoong Xin , Sharmin Nusrat , Lester Edward , Wu Tao , Pang Cheng Heng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pyrolysis is one of the commonly used methods to derive renewable bio-fuels from biomass. A life cycle analysis was performed to evaluate the sustainability and feasibility of such process by utilising simulation results from SuperPro Designer. The process boundary includes biomass pretreatment, main reaction and product collection regimes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin on the aspects of economic and environmental impact throughout the life cycle of biomass pyrolysis.
The Effect of Modified LTO Synthesis using Salt Assisted Method with Various of Salt Metal Materials
Authors: Muzayanha Soraya Ulfa , Purwanto Agus , Putra Muhamad Iqbal , Aliwarga Harry Kusuma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of modified LTO synthesis using salt assisted method with various related materials. Salt assisted Li4Ti5O12 for lithium-ion batteries with stable rate-capacity were prepared by simple solid state-mixing, followed by high temperature calcination. This process effected the performance of Li-ion kinetics and stability. Therefore, the salt assisted LTO, which was doped with 1wt% CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl presented various discharge capacity, and the highest was shown by LTO-Ca (82.41 mAh g−1, at 0.1C). While the stable rate-capability at 0.5C and 1C were 59.28 mAh g−1 and 58.72 mAh g−1, respectively.
Transparent for microwave electrodes for applications in nonlinear devices based on ferroelectric ceramic
Authors: Alltynnikov A G , Platonov R A , Komlev A E , Tumarkin A V , Sosunov A M , Trofimov P.M. , Tcymbaliuk A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article provides the results of an experimental investigation of characteristics of thin-films transparent electrodes deposited on ferroelectric ceramic plates. The experimental investigation of parameters of ZnO and resistive alloy of Si-Ti-Ce deposited on ferroelectric BSTO plates was performed. The influence of transparent electrode deposition on properties of ferroelectric ceramic based on a solid solution of barium-strontium titanate was investigated. The measured low insertion loss of the Si-Ti-Ce thin-film deposited on BSTO ceramic substrate allows considering this material as the perspective for the transparent for microwaves electrodes realization.
Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Parameter Optimization of Least-Square Support Vector Regression Model in Electricity Load Demand Forecasting
Authors: Irhamah  , Gusti K H , Kuswanto H , Firdausanti N. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accuracy is very important in time series forecasting where the model obtained depends on historical, linear, or nonlinear data patterns. This study aims to forecast short term electricity load in East Java, Indonesia, whereas electricity load is one of major and vital need in our daily life. The linear approach is carried out using the ARIMA method, while the nonlinear approach used in this study consist of the SVR and LSSVR models. The parameter selection greatly affects the results of accuracy, so an optimization method is needed. The usual grid search optimization method does not guarantee an optimum solution and more importantly, it is not efficient in some practical applications. Therefore metaheuristic optimization methods are needed, including GA and PSO which can find the entire possible space for the search for solutions. PSO is easier to apply but is prone to have premature convergence due to trapped in the minimum locale. To overcome this, modified PSO is developed to seek the optimal position according to the specified criteria. The result of this research is that the accuracy of the nonlinear approach is much better than the linear approach. The addition of an optimization method to the SVR provides a significant change in accuracy compared to LSSVR. Meanwhile, MPSO is the best optimization method because it produces a lowest RMSE value.
A Study on the Release of Nanoparticles to the Environment from Nano-Enabled Asphalt by Weathering Experiment
Authors: Llana M J , Tolentino M S , Valeza N C C , Reyes J P , Basilia B A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Researches in the field of nanotechnology is continuously gaining a lot of interest due to its wide range of applications. This study focused on the incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNT’s) on asphalt and on the investigation of the release of the said nanoparticles from the asphalt to the environment through accelerated weathering experiment. Two (2) samples were prepared: asphalt with HNT (A1) and asphalt only (A2). SEM-EDX results showed that A1 initially had nanoparticles on the surface which can be attributed to the added HNT. SEM images further showed the changes on the surface morphologies of A1 and A2 after accelerated weathering experiment. These changes can be further correlated to the intercalation and exfoliation reactions that happened on the surface of asphalt during UV irradiation. Release studies revealed that Al and Si nanoparticles were being released on the surface due to the layer by layer degradation of the asphalt matrix. Hence, continuous exposure of asphalt could result to further degradation of asphalt, leading to the surfacing and release of more nanoparticles.
Experimental analysis of the performance characteristics of the regenerative fuel cell system based on serpentine flow-field design
Authors: Ho Nang Xuan , Nguyen Duy Vinh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe energy demand has recently been increasing dramatically; thus, it is evident that scientists worldwide need to find out the solution to solve the above problem. Among these technologies, solar and wind power energy are the most potential source as alternatives to fossil fuels. However, these energy sources are not continuous and are therefore considered as additional sources. A regenerative fuel cell (RFC) is a type of fuel cell that can function as an electrolyzer and fuel cell; therefore, this system is an independent power source and overcome the drawbacks of the original fuel cell system. This research has built a system to control the entire regenerative fuel cell system’s flow, temperature, and energy. The system uses electricity to produce hydrogen and oxygen for storage; when the electrical power is insufficient, the system can automatically reverse the operation using hydrogen and oxygen to create electrical energy. The result showed that the power density in fuel cell mode ranges from 0.1 to 0.69W/cm2in the fuel cell mode, and the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen reaches a stable value of 1100 and 2200 ml/min after 10 minutes, respectively.
Simulation of surface work-hardening process during controlled inertial impact treatment of parts made of high strength cast iron
Authors: Pashkevich V M , Afanevich V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the results of simulation of elastoplastic impact of the deforming ball with the surface during inertial impact treatment. The deforming ball is made of hardened steel ShKh15 (GOST 801-78), and special high strength spheroidal graphite cast iron is used as the treated material. The paper provides recommendations on conditions for inertial impact treatment of surfaces.
Thermal conductivity and heat capacity of nanofluid based on water modified by hybrid material of composition detonation nanodiamonds-carbon nanotubes
Authors: Vozniakovskii A A , Voznyakovskii A P , Kidalov S V , Kalashnikova E K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to assessing the prospects of using a DND-CNT hybrid material to improve water’s thermophysical properties compared with pure DND and CNT. A hybrid powdered nanomaterial composed of detonation nanodiamonds-multi-walled carbon nanotubes was synthesized by growing multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the surface of nanodiamonds aggregates coated with catalyst using CCVD method for nanotubes growth. The mass fraction of CNTs in the hybrid material was 30%. Using 0.2 mass. % of the hybrid material, we managed to increase the thermal conductivity of water by 94% and increase the specific heat by 17% (at a temperature of 60 degrees) without changing the kinetic viscosity of water. Using initial detonation nanodiamonds or commercial single-walled nanotubes as an additive at the same concentration and temperature, the maximum increase in thermal conductivity was only 37%, and the maximum increase in specific heat was only 5%. Simultaneously, the mechanical mixture of detonation nanodiamonds and carbon nanotubes (in a 7 to 3 ratio) did not form stable water suspensions.
Failures of safety services in case of emergency fall of cargo-passenger elevator’s cabin exploited in industrial and civil premises
Authors: Popov M , Negodin A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growing fleet of elevators and other short distance vehicles (escalators, passenger conveyors and multi-cabin elevators) require constant improvement of installation methods and technical servicing to increase reliability and safety levels when used. When elevators are used for transporting people, the issue of reliability is becoming very important. The realibility indicator is not a constant value, since it has a direct dependence on a time factor, the main component of which is the standard service life of the main units and kinematic constrains of the equipment used for elevators. As a result, over time, the risk of accidents and emergencies in residential buildings may increase.
Simulation on elevator emergency brake
Authors: Popov M , Negodin A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modern calculation methods used for hoisting units are reduced to obtaining the value of the required braking force when the values of mass and speed have been captured. Copies of the oscillograms with kinematic parameters on braking of passenger elevator cabins show that the acceleration tendencies when landing on soft braking devices are not linear. Consequently, the cabin braking forces also do not change linearly and are not constant since the moment after braking has started to the moment when it stops. The calculation methods give only the maximum value of the required braking force and the length of the cabin braking distance. The elevator cabin braking (counterweight) with safety devices takes some time. During this time, the braking force changes from zero to the maximum value, which, at high speeds of the cabin (counterweight) affects the acceleration of slow-down process, and the brake-path length. When simulating the braking force of elevator catchers, it is necessary to take into account the change of the braking force value.
The Study of the Power Supply System of the Existing Gas Fields in Western Siberia using the Theory of Experimental Planning
Authors: Bogachkov I M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays most of the gas fields in Western Siberia are at the final stage of development. To extend the cost-effective gas production at the final stage of development modern technologies are introduced at the fields. One of these technologies is the technology of distributed gas compression. As a result, a multiple increase in the electrical load is observed and new power transmission lines and substations are being constructed to provide electricity to gas fields. For example, at Vyngapurovsky gas field MCU (9 PCs) were to be put into operation and the 6 kV OHL with a length of 22 km were needed to be built, at Yamburg gas field at the moment MCU (52 PCs) are to be set up and it is required to build the 10 kV OHL with a length of 480 km. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to conduct an experimental study of the existing supply and distribution grids of the gas fields’ power supply system in Western Siberia. To achieve this goal the following tasks have been solved: the method of the mathematical models development was selected; the main influencing factors on the voltage class were identified; variation ranges of the selected factors were defined; the optimization of the power supply schematic diagrams for the choice of voltage with minimal discounted costs was completed by the computer program PRON. The problems have been solved using the empirical method (measurement, comparison) of the study, the method of experiment planning (full factorial experiment), and computer programming methods. The analysis shows that all distribution grids of the power supply system in Western Siberia need to be converted to a higher voltage class of 20 kV or the additional overhead lines should be built.