bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Incompatibility in Tuberose (Polianthes Tuberosa L.) Cultivars and Breeding Lines
Authors: Bharathi Thangaraj Usha , Lallawmzuali Rosalind , Kirthishree Subramanyamrao Prabhakarrao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Incompatibility occurs frequently in the plant system upon intra- or interspecific crosses resulting in several pollination barriers. The modest understanding on the breeding behaviour and mechanisms governing tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) through this study will direct us to appraise the pollination and post pollination events on self- and cross- incompatibility and seed set behaviour for cross breeding programme.Results: Self-pollination of tuberose cultivars Arka Prajwal, Mexican Single and Arka Sugandhi failed to produce pods upon autogamy and geitonogamy. Pollen-pistil interaction study of incompatible cultivar Arka Prajwal substantiates that pollen tube enters the ovule within 24 hours after pollination. It discharges its contents into the embryo on the 1st day after pollination and polysaccharide granules evident upon fluorescence microscopic study. The pollen tube growth rates of self and controlled pollination were similar; however, sterility was expressed in the ovary. The female gametophytic development in self and cross incompatible cultivar Arka Prajwal showed normal development initially after pollination whereas embryosac degeneration was observed at later stage. Complete degeneration of the integument and nucellar cells was also observed. Conclusions: This study is the first to elucidate the occurrence of pseudo self-incompatibility in tuberose by identifying tuberose cultivars and breeding lines which produce pods upon geitonogamy. A positive pollen-pistil interaction with the degeneration of embryosac, integument and nucellar cell and pod shrinkage, abortion and fall confirms the prevalence of the ‘Ovarian Incompatibility’ or ‘Late-Acting Incompatibility’ in tuberose.
Exceptionally bright optical emission from a rare and distant gamma-ray burst
Authors: Oganesyan Gor , Karpov Sergey , Jelinek Martin , Beskin Gregory , Ronchini Samuele , Banerjee Biswajit , Branchesi Marica , \v{S}trobl Jan , Pol\'{a}\v{s}ek Cyril , Hudec Ren\'{e} , Ivanov Eugeny , Katkova Elena , Perkov Alexey , Biryukov Anton , Orekhova Nadezhda , Sasyuk Vyacheslav , Ma\v{s}ek Martin , Jane\v{c}ek Petr , Ebr Jan , Jury\v{s}ek Jakub , Cunniffe Ronan , Prouza Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by the dissipation of ultra-relativistic jets launched by newly-born black holes after the collapse of massive stars. Right after the luminous and highly variable gamma-ray emission, the multi-wavelength afterglow is released by the external dissipation of the jet in circumburst medium. We report the discovery of a very bright (10 mag) optical emission 28 s after the
explosion of the extremely luminous and energetic GRB 210619B located at redshift 1.937.
Early multi-filter observations allowed us to witness the end of the shock wave propagation into the GRB ejecta. We
observed the spectral transition from a bright reverse to the forward shock emission,
demonstrating that
the early and late GRB multi-wavelength emission is originated from a very narrow jet propagating into an unusually rarefied interstellar medium. We also find evidence of an additional component of radiation, coming from the jet wings which is able explain the uncorrelated optical/X-ray emission.
The Correlation of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Carbohydrates with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Long-Shan , Meng Guang-Xiao , Ding Zi-Niu , Yan Lun-Jie , Yao Sheng-Yu , Li Hai-Chao , Dong Zhao-Ru , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Hong Jian-Guo , Li Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and carbohydrates have been shown to be associated with a variety of cancers, but their correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to investigate the correlation of GI, GL and carbohydrate with risk of HCC.Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until November 2020. According to the size of heterogeneity, the random effect model or the fixed effect model was performed to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the correlation of GI, GL, and carbohydrates with the risk of HCC.Results Seven cohort studies involving 1,193,523 participants and 1,004 cases, and 3 case-control studies involving 827 cases and 5,502 controls were eventually included. The pooled results showed no significant correlation of GI (RR=1.11, 95%CI 0.80-1.53, I2= 62.2%), GL (RR=1.09, 95%CI 0.76-1.55, I2 = 66%), and carbohydrate (RR=1.09, 95%CI 0.84-1.32, I2=0%) with the risk of HCC in general population. Subgroup analysis revealed that in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or/and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive group, GI was not correlated with the risk of HCC (RR=0.65, 95%CI 0.32-1.32, p=0.475, I2=0.0%), while GL was significantly correlated with the risk of HCC (RR=1.52, 95%CI 1.04-2.23, p=0.016, I2=70.9%). In contrast, in HBV and HCV-negative group, both GI (RR=1.23, 95%CI 0.88-1.70, p=0.222, I2=33.6%) and GL (RR=1.17, 95% CI 0.83-1.64, p=0.648, I2=0%) were not correlated with the risk of HCC. Conclusion A high GL diet is correlated with a higher risk of HCC in people with hepatitis virus. A low GL diet may be recommended for patients with viral hepatitis to reduce the risk of HCC.
Association of Bleb Formation With Peri-aneurysmal Contact in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Satoh Toru , Yagi Takanobu , Sawada Yoichi , Sugiu Kenji , Sato Yu , Date Isao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of bleb formation in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between peri-aneurysmal contact (PAC) and bleb formation. Forty-five aneurysms were classified depending on the presence of blebs and PAC using computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Aneurysmal hemodynamics were assessed using computational fluid dynamics. The independent variables associated with bleb formation were statistically assessed. Fourteen aneurysms (31.1%) had blebs, all of which were located at the site of PAC (group A). Thirty-one aneurysms (68.9%) had no bleb, of which 13 had a PAC (group B) and 18 had no PAC (group C). PAC was the only independent variable associated with bleb formation (p < 0.05). Aneurysmal volumes were significantly higher in group A, followed by groups B and C in series. Aneurysmal wall shear stress (WSS) tended to be lowest in group A, followed by groups B and C in series. The maximum WSS at the blebs was only 17% of the maximum WSS at the aneurysmal domes. This study demonstrated that bleb formation in UIAs was associated with the establishment of PAC during their growth, which may have more detrimental effects on bleb formation than hemodynamics.
Experiences and Disease Self-Management in Individuals Living With Chronic Kidney Disease: Qualitative Analysis of the National Kidney Foundation's Online Community
Authors: Du Yan , Dennis Brittany , Ramirez Valerie , Li Chengdong , Wang Jing , Meireles Christiane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the keys in improving CKD outcomes and quality of life. There has been an increased use of online health communities to share the experiences of those living with CKD. By analyzing the CKD online forum data, this study aims to: 1) understand the experiences and challenges of individuals living with CKD, and 2) explore how online communities may help CKD patients in improving CKD self-management. Methods: Publicly available posts of peer interactions on the National Kidney Foundation's online community for people affected by CKD were extracted in April 2021 using computer programming. A total of 20,436 posts were collected, of which 400 posts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, and saturation was reached. Two researchers coded each post independently, and discrepancies were discussed to reach consensus. Results: The analysis identified seven themes: 1) Dynamics of CKD status, 2) CKD comorbidities, 3) Managing CKD and symptoms, 4) Life participation and outlook; 5) Navigating healthcare and clinical needs, 6) Medical tests and results; and 7) Support on the forum. The results revealed that comorbidities were common in CKD patients and early-stage CKD was not communicated in a timely manner to patients by the health care community; living with CKD challenged both CKD and caregivers; some common challenges included but were not limited to the management of a diet for CKD and co-morbidities (especially co-morbid diabetes), CKD dynamics and symptoms, and fear of/ways to prevent progression. Individuals living with CKD primarily used the online forum to share and seek information and emotional support for managing CKD (including co-morbidities). Conclusions: Challenges of living with CKD were found not only in those with advanced kidney disease and those on dialysis, but also in those with early and middle stages. Information and emotional support from the online forum serves as a platform to empower CKD patients with the knowledge, skills and confidence for CKD self-management. Proactive and innovative strategies with a combination of virtual and real settings to improve self-management for individuals with all-stage CKD needs to be explored and tailored.
Cardiovascular Risks Before Myocardial Infarction Differences Between Men and Women
Authors: Nyström Alice , Strömberg Susanne , Jansson Karin , Faresjö Åshild Olsen , Faresjö Tomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Prodromal cardiac symptoms are warning signals preceding cardiac disease. Previous studies have shown some gender differences in prodromal symptoms as well as established risk factors for MI. This study aims to map possible gender differences in social factors and established risk factors preceding myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods
The study includes data of N=213 middle-aged men and women, all diagnosed with myocardial infarction (ICD-10 I21.9) from the region of south-east Sweden. They answered a questionnaire at discharge from the cardiologic clinic and additional clinical data from medical records were merged from the National Swedeheart Register.
Results
The dominant prodromal symptom for both sexes were experience of chest pain at the onset of MI. The major gender differences were that significantly more females (p=0.015) had a hyperlipidemia diagnose. Females also reported to have experienced higher stress load the year preceding myocardial infarction with serious life events (p=0.019), strained economy (p=0.003), and reports of sadness/depression (p<0.001). Females reported higher perceived stress load than men (p=0.006). Men had higher systolic blood pressure than women at hospital admission and a higher systolic- and diastolic blood pressure at discharge.
Conclusion
Influences of the social environment, such as serious life events, strained economy, depression, stress, and sleep deprivation were stronger as potential risk factors for myocardial infarction in women than among men. Of the traditional risk factors only, hyperlipidemia was more frequent among women. These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of diagnostic differences between gender, as well as a more gender-oriented cardiovascular preventive work.
Dynamic Characteristics of Ball Bearing-Coupling-Rotor System with Angular Misalignment Fault
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Xu Hongyang , Yang Yang , Ma Hui , He Duo , Zhao Xiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rotor misalignment fault, which occurs only second to unbalance, easily occurs in the practical rotating machinery system. Rotor misalignment can be further divided into coupling misalignment and bearing misalignment. However, most of the existing references only analyze the effect of coupling misalignment on the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system, and ignore the change of bearing excitation caused by misalignment. Based on the above limitations, a five degrees of freedom nonlinear restoring force mathematical model is proposed, considering misalignment of bearing rings and clearance of cage pockets. The finite element model of the rotor is established based on the Timoshenko beam element theory. The coupling misalignment excitation force and rotor unbalance force are introduced. Finally, the dynamic model of the ball bearing-coupling-rotor system is established. The radial and axial vibration responses of the system under misalignment fault are analyzed by simulation. The results show that the bearing misalignment significantly influences the dynamic characteristics of the system in the low-speed range, so bearing misalignment should not be ignored in modeling. With the increase of rotating speed, rotor unbalance and coupling misalignment have a greater impact. Misalignment causes periodic changes in bearing contact angle, radial clearance, and ball rotational speed. It also leads to reciprocating impact and collision between the ball and cage. In addition, misalignment increases the critical speed and the axial vibration of the system. The results can provide a basis for health monitoring and misalignment fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing-rotor system.
Factors Associated with Malaria Care-Seeking for Among Children Under 5 Years of Age in Mozambique: A Secondary Analysis of the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Cassy Annette , Chicumbe Sergio , Saifodine Abuchahama , Zulliger Rose 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMozambique is ranked fourth in a list of the 29 countries that accounted for 95% of all malaria cases globally in 2019. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with care-seeking for fever, to determine the association between knowledge about malaria and care-seeking and to describe the main reasons for not seeking care among children under five years of age in Mozambique.MethodsThis is a quantitative, observational study based on a secondary data analysis of the 2018 Malaria Indicatory Survey. This weighted analysis was based on data reported by surveyed mothers or caregivers of children aged 0-59 months who had fever in the two weeks prior to the survey.ResultsCare was reportedly sought for 69.1% [95% CI 63.5-74.2] of children aged 0-59 months old with fever. Care-seeking was significantly higher among younger children, <6 months old (AOR=2.47 [95% CI 1.14-5.31]), 6-11 months old (AOR=1.75 [95% CI 1.01-3.04]) and 12-23 months old (AOR=1.85 [95% CI 1.19-2.89]), as compared with older children (48-59 months old).In adjusted analysis, mothers from the middle (AOR=1.66 [95% CI 0.18-3.37]) and richest (AOR=3.46 [95% CI 1.26-9.49]) wealth quintiles were more likely to report having sought care for their febrile children than mothers from the poorest wealth quintile. Additionally, mothers with secondary or higher education level were more likely to seek care (AOR=2.16 [95% CI 1.19-3.93]) than mothers with no education. There was no association between maternal malaria knowledge or reported exposure to malaria messages and care-seeking behaviors.The main reasons reported for not seeking care included distance to health facility (46.3% of respondents), perception that the fever was not severe (22.4%) and the perception that treatment was not available at the health facility (15%).ConclusionHealth facility access and socioeconomic barriers continue to be important constraints on malaria service utilization in Mozambique.
Effect of Polymer Liners in Different Via Shapes: Impact on Crosstalk Induced Delay
Authors: Chandrakar Maya , Majumder Manoj Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The performance of a through silicon via (TSV) based 3D integrated circuit technology is primarily dependent on the choice of an appropriate liner material. The most commonly used liner material SiO2 is undergoing considerable reliability challenges such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, scallop formation, and interfacial delamination related problems. Therefore, TSVs employed with a polymer liner have achieved significant attention in recent years due to their low dielectric constant and excellent step coverage along the via surface that can effectively reduce thermal stress and crosstalk induced delay. This paper presents a comprehensive and accurate RLGC model for different via shapes considering the impact of various liner materials on the crosstalk induced delay. Considering an accurate via geometry and material properties at 32 nm and 45 nm technology, the proposed equivalent RLGC parameters include the cumulative effects of TSV metal, liner, bump, and the silicon substrate. The aforementioned parameters are used to model a novel T-type equivalent electrical network of cylindrical, tapered, and coaxial TSVs considering a coupled driver-via-load (DVL) setup. The proposed equivalent models of different via shapes are used to demonstrate the worst-case crosstalk induced delay in TSVs under the influence of various liner materials. Considering a tapered TSV, a significant improvement in crosstalk induced delay at 32 nm w.r.t. 45 nm technology is observed as 53.5%, 33.76%, and 19.12% at aspect ratios of 2.4, 3, and 4, respectively for the BCB liner.
The Associations between Interleukin-17 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Gaoming , Ma Jingfu , Zhang Ning , Li Xiaogang , Li Fangfang , Jiang Yuxing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Numerous of case-control studies have reported the associations between Interleukin-17 (IL-17) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer, however, the results were inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to further clarify the effects of IL-17 polymorphisms on colorectal cancer susceptibility.Materials and method: Relevant Studies were extracted from electronic databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CMB) up to April 2021. The Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were conducted to estimate the strength of the associations and the Stata 13.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Results: Ten articles including 2599 cases and 2845 controls were enrolled in our research after strictly literature screening. Highly significant associations between IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism and increased colorectal cancer susceptibility were observed in all the five gene models (allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous models), subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed that these associations existed not only in Asia population, but also in Caucasian population. However, the results showed no significantly elevated colorectal cancer risk correlated to IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism and a slightly lower colorectal cancer susceptibility for Caucasian population was discovered in the recessive and homozygous models of this mutation.Conclusion: IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism may be an independent risk factor contributed to colorectal cancer susceptibility, while IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism displayed a possible decreased susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Future studies with large-scale samples were warranted to identify these associations.
A Distributed Ant Colony Optimization in Edge Detection
Authors: Chen Min 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the rise of image data and increased complexity of tasks in edge detection, conventional artificial intelligence techniques have been severely impacted. To be able to solve even greaterproblems of the future, learning algorithms must maintain high speed and accuracy through economical means. Traditional edge detection approaches cannot detect edges in images in a timely manner due to memory and computational time constraints. In this work, a novel parallelized ant colony optimization technique in a distributed framework provided by the Hadoop/Map-Reduce infrastructure is proposed to improve the edge detection capabilities. Moreover, a filtering technique is applied to reduce the noisy background of images to achieve significant improvement in the accuracy of edge detection. Close examinations of the implementation of the proposed algorithm are discussed and demonstrated through experiments. Results reveal high classification accuracy and significant improvementsin speedup, scaleup and sizeup compared to the standard algorithms.
Modifying the yeast very long chain fatty acid biosynthetic machinery by the expression of plant 3-ketoacyl CoA synthase isozymes
Authors: Stenback Kenna , Flyckt Kayla , Hoang Trang , Campbell Alexis , Nikolau Basil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotes express a multi-component fatty acid elongase to produce very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are building blocks of diverse lipids. Elongation is achieved by cyclical iteration of four reactions, the first of which generates a new carbon-carbon bond, elongating the acyl-chain. This reaction is catalyzed by either ELONGATION DEFECTIVE LIKE (ELO) or 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) enzymes. Whereas plants express both ELO and KCS enzymes, other eukaryotes express only ELOs. We explored the KCS and ELO enzymatic redundancies by expressing the former in yeast strains that lacked endogenous ELO isozymes. Expression of the 26 maize KCS isozymes in wild-type, scelo2 or scelo3 single mutants did not affect VLCFA profiles. However, five of these KCSs were capable of complementing the lethal scelo2; scelo3 double mutant. These rescued strains express novel VLCFA profiles reflecting the different catalytic capabilities of the KCS isozymes. These novel strains offer a platform to explore the relationship between VLCFA profiles and cellular physiology.
Large contribution of fossil-derived components to aqueous secondary organic aerosols in China
Authors: Xu Buqing , Zhang Gan , Gustafsson Örjan , Kawamura Kimitaka , Lin Jun , Andersson August , Bikkina Srinivas , Kunwar Bhagawati , Pokhrel Ambarish , Zhong Guangcai , Zhao Shizhen , Li Jing , Huang Chen , Cheng Zhineng , Zhu Sanyuan , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Incomplete understanding of the sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) leads to large uncertainty in both air quality management and in climate change assessment. Chemical reactions occurring in the atmospheric aqueous phase represent an important source of SOA mass, yet, the effects of anthropogenic emissions on the aqueous SOA (aqSOA) are not well constrained. Here we use compound-specific dual-carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C and Δ14C) of dominant aqSOA molecules, such as oxalic acid, to track the precursor sources and formation mechanisms of aqSOA. Substantial stable carbon isotope fractionation of aqSOA molecules provides robust evidence for extensive aqueous-phase processing. Contrary to the paradigm that these aqSOA compounds are largely biogenic, radiocarbon-based source apportionments show that fossil precursors produced over one-half of the aqSOA molecules. Large fractions of fossil-derived aqSOA contribute substantially to the total water-soluble organic aerosol load and hence impact projections of both air quality and anthropogenic radiative forcing. Our findings reveal the importance of fossil emissions for aqSOA with effects on climate and air quality.