bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotics increase bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer: Nationwide propensity score analysis
Authors: Nagami Yasuaki , Hatta Waku , Tsuji Yosuke , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Kakushima Naomi , Hoteya Shu , Tsuji Shigetsugu , Fukunaga Shusei , Hikichi Takuto , Kobayashi Masakuni , Morita Yoshinori , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Iguchi Mikitaka , Tomida Hideomi , Inoue Takuya , Mikami Tatsuya , Hasatani Kenkei , Nishikawa Jun , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nebiki Hiroko , Nakamatsu Dai , Ohnita Ken , Suzuki Haruhisa , Ueyama Hiroya , Hayashi Yoshito , Yoshida Hisako , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Masamune Atsushi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesPost‐operative bleeding is the most common adverse event in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). Patients taking antithrombotic agents has increased. We evaluated the influence of antithrombotic agents on delayed bleeding in ESD for EGC.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study in Japan. Altogether, 11,452 patients who underwent ESD for EGC in 33 institutions between November 2013 and October 2016 were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of delayed bleeding in patients with or without antithrombotic agents. The secondary outcome was the incidence of delayed bleeding in those who took each antithrombotic agent and the cessation status of its use compared with each matched pair of patients. We used propensity matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses.ResultsThere were 1353 matched pairs of patients. The incidence of delayed bleeding was 2.8% and 10.7% in those without and with antithrombotic agents, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 4.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.88–5.99; P < 0.001). The IPTW analysis showed similar results (OR 4.21, 95% CI 3.48–5.08; P < 0.001). Antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and their combination increased such incidence. Heparin bridging therapy had high OR (8.80), and the continuation (OR 3.46) and cessation (OR 2.95) of antithrombotic agent use had similar risk.ConclusionsAntithrombotic agents increased the incidence of delayed bleeding in patients who underwent ESD for EGC. Continuing antithrombotics may be more appropriate than heparin bridging therapy.
Efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring on maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: García‐Moreno Rosa M. , Benítez‐Valderrama Pamela , Barquiel Beatriz , González Pérez‐de‐Villar Noemí , Hillman Natalia , Lora Pablos David , Herranz Lucrecia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThis systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsTwo authors conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The inclusion criteria for the systematic review were randomized clinical trials that compared the effects of CGM and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in women with GDM. A restricted maximum likelihood random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis. The measures of effect were risk ratios for categorical data and mean differences for continuous data.ResultsOf the 457 studies reviewed, six randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 482 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. The use of CGM was associated with lower HbA1c levels at the end of pregnancy (mean difference: −0.22; 95%CI −0.42 to −0.03) compared to BGM. Women using CGM also had less gestational weight gain (mean difference: −1.17, 95%CI −2.15 to −0.19), and their children had lower birth weight (mean difference: −116.26, 95%CI −224.70 to −7.81). No differences were observed in the other outcomes evaluated.ConclusionWomen with GDM using CGM may achieve lower average blood glucose levels, lower maternal weight gain and infant birth weight than women using BGM. Nevertheless, current evidence is limited by the low number of studies and the small sample sizes of these studies. Larger clinical trials are needed to better understand the effects of CGM in GDM.RegistrationPROSPERO registration ID CRD42021225651.
Offline contexts of online jobs: Platform drivers, decent work, and informality in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Cieslik Katarzyna , Banya Roland , Vira Bhaskar 
Published: September 2021

SummaryMotivationThe Sustainable Development Goals targets include decent work for all by 2030 but progress in sub‐Saharan Africa has been slow. Over the past five years, the platform work sector (e‐hailing platforms in particular) has expanded considerably on the continent, providing work opportunities to the growing urban populations. The quality of this work, however, is heavily contested.PurposeWe deepen and extend our understanding of the gig economy in sub‐Saharan Africa and assess its potential for creating decent work. Our unique contribution lies in looking at the gig economy in comparison to the local threshold (the informal economy) as opposed to wage employment.Methods and approachWe first review the literature on the gig economy, the informal sector, and decent work in low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. We then draw on a case study of e‐hailing in Lagos, Nigeria, to assess the sector’s potential to create decent work. We discuss our findings against the four pillars of the International Labour Organization’s Decent Work Agenda: productive employment, labour standards, social protection, and social dialogue.FindingsWe find that e‐hailing platforms may offer certain gains compared to regular taxiing in the informal sector but these are context‐ and platform‐specific. Examples include access to insurance, credit, and cash transfers. Gig work remains embedded in the informal economy: it is unregulated and does not abide by labour standards nor offer social protections. We also find evidence of well‐organized labour movements.Policy implicationsE‐hailing may be productive work, as platform intermediation facilitates outreach and matching, translating into increased wages. This happens with the added cost of longer working hours in the absence of labour standards. We propose exploring the role of digital records kept by platforms (e.g. income volume and regularity, or customer ratings data) to facilitate the progressive transition of transport workers towards formality. We also recommend fostering industry standards (such as fair work certification) to protect workers’ rights.
Sex differences in vascular risk factors, in‐hospital management, and outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke in China
Authors: Gu Hong‐Qiu , Wang Chun‐Juan , Yang Xin , Liu Chelsea , Wang Xia , Zhao Xing‐Quan , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Li‐Ping , Meng Xia , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Wang Yong‐Jun , Li Zi‐Xiao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious assessments of sex differences for patients with acute ischemic stroke were limited in a specific region or population, narrow scope, or small sample size.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in the China Stroke Center Alliance hospitals were analyzed. Absolute standardized differences (ASDs) were used to assess sex differences in vascular risk factors, guideline‐recommended in‐hospital management measures and outcomes, including stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥16), death/discharge against medical advice, major adverse cardiovascular events, pneumonia, and disability (modified Rankin Scale≥3).ResultsOf 838,229 patients analyzed, 524351 (62.6%) were men and 313,878 (37.4%) were women. Compared with men, women were older (68.6 vs. 64.7 years), had higher prevalence of hypertension (67.7% vs. 62.4%), diabetes (24.7% vs. 19.5%), and atrial fibrillation (7.1% vs. 4.3%), but lower prevalence of smoking (4.5% vs. 56.6%) and drinking (2.6% vs 35.8%) (ASDs >10%). No sex differences were seen in guideline‐directed management measures, indicated by risk‐adjusted individual measures and the all‐or‐null summary measure (34.5% vs 34.9%, ASD = 1.0%). Compared to men, women tended to have strokes that were more severe at presentation (6.5% vs. 4.5%, ASD = 8.8%) and more disabilities at discharge (34.9% vs 30.5%, ASD =9.4%). However, all sex‐related differences in outcomes were attenuated to null after risk adjustments (ASDs<2%).ConclusionsCompared to male patients, female patients had more vascular risk factors and received similar in‐hospital care. They had strokes that were more severe at presentation and more disabilities at discharge, both of which may be explained by worse vascular risk profiles.
Fundamentals of arrhythmogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies for equine atrial fibrillation
Authors: Premont Antoine , Balthes Samantha , Marr Celia M. , Jeevaratnam Kamalan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common pathological arrhythmia in horses. Although it is not usually a life‐threatening condition on its own, it can cause poor performance and make the horse unsafe to ride. It is a complex multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors including exercise training, comorbidities or ageing. The interactions between all these factors in horses are still not completely understood and the pathophysiology of AF remains poorly defined. Exciting progress has been recently made in equine cardiac electrophysiology in terms of diagnosis and documentation methods such as cardiac mapping, implantable electrocardiogram (ECG) recording devices or computer‐based ECG analysis that will hopefully improve our understanding of this disease. The available pharmaceutical and electrophysiological treatments have good efficacy and lead to a good prognosis for AF, but recurrence is a frequent issue that veterinarians have to face. This review aims to summarise our current understanding of equine cardiac electrophysiology and pathophysiology of equine AF while providing an overview of the mechanism of action for currently available treatments for equine AF.
Topical metformin suppresses angiogenesis pathways induced by pulsed dye laser irradiation in animal models
Authors: Wang Meiling , Lin Yan , Shi Wenhao , Chen Xuechao , Mi Zihao , Jia Zhiwei , Pan Qing , Wang Zhenzhen , Han Jian , Liu Huaxu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPulsed dye laser (PDL) is the first‐line treatment for port‐wine stain (PWS). However, only a small portion of the lesions could be completely cleared by PDL treatment, which might be related to the regeneration and revascularization of the vascular structures after laser irradiation. Recently, it is believed that the suppression of regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels can achieve a better therapeutic outcome. We use rabbit ear and SD rat as the animal models to investigate whether PDL‐induced angiogenesis can be suppressed by topical metformin. Our results showed that topical application of metformin can effectively suppress the PDL‐induced early stage of angiogenesis via inhibition of the AKT/mTOR/P70S6K pathway in animal models.
Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
Authors: Zhang Leiyi , Jing Yiming , Chen Chengrong , Xiang Yangzhou , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Li Yantao , Deng Qi , Zhang Renduo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiochar application can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle through biological and abiotic processes. However, studies on comprehensive examination of the effects of biochar application on microbially mediated N‐cycling processes (N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and fixation) and soil N fate (i.e., plant N uptake, soil N2O emission, and N leaching) are warranted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of biochar application on soil N transformation, microbial functional gene abundance, enzyme activity, and plant N uptake. To achieve the objective of this study, a meta‐analysis involving 131 peer‐reviewed field experiments was conducted. Results showed that field application of biochar significantly enhanced soil and content, N mineralization, nitrification, N2 fixation, and plant N uptake by 5.3%, 3.7%, 15.3%, 48.5%, 14.7%, and 18.3%, respectively, but reduced N2O emissions and N leaching by 14.9% and 10.9%, respectively. Biochar application also increased the abundance of soil denitrifying/nitrifying genes (amoA, narG, nirS/nirK+S, and nosZ), proportion of N2 fixation bacteria, and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase activity by 18.6%–87.6%. Soil content was positively correlated with AOA‐amoA abundance, and soil N2O emission was positively correlated with the relative abundance of genes (e.g., amoA, narG, and nirS/nirK) involved in N2O production. Furthermore, long‐term biochar application tended to increase AOB‐amoA and nirK+S abundance, especially soil N2O emission and N leaching. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that biochar application accelerated microbially mediated N‐cycling processes under field conditions, thereby enhancing soil N availability and plant productivity. However, long‐term biochar application may increase N losses. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to examine the effect of long‐term biochar application on the soil N cycle and the underlying microbial mechanisms.
Change in subjective health status among frail older Japanese people owing to the coronavirus disease pandemic and characteristics of their responses
Authors: Kera Takeshi , Kawai Hisashi , Ejiri Manami , Takahashi Junta , Nishida Kazumasa , Harai Akihiro , Hirano Hirohiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi 
Published: September 2021

AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic remains a major global public health issue, and it has led to restrictions in physical and social activities among community‐dwelling people, including frail older adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on the subjective health status and characteristics of community‐dwelling frail older adults by assessing their knowledge of infection, behaviors and negative psychological response.MethodsDuring October 2019, 720 older adults participated in “The Otassha Study.” A year after the COVID‐19 outbreak, between June 29 and July 31, 2020, a health status questionnaire, comprising questions concerning knowledge about infection, behaviors and psychological responses during the pandemic, was sent to all participants of the health examination in 2019. Respondents were divided into the robust and frail groups, and their responses were compared.ResultsAlthough the self‐reported health status of the older adults in both groups was worse in 2020 than in 2019, differences were not observed in the degree of deterioration between the groups. Those in the frail group had fewer resources of information related to COVID‐19 and had fewer coping behaviors for health maintenance compared with the robust group.ConclusionInformation gathering and actions aimed at health maintenance tended to be weaker among older adults with frailty, although the influence of COVID‐19 on subjective health status did not differ significantly between robust and frail adults. Therefore, robust and frail older adults may need to adopt different countermeasures to prevent worse health during this pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1053–1059.
Virtual learning object for developing knowledge about the diagnosis and management of molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Aguilar Gálvez Denisse , Noal Fernanda C. , Arriola‐Guillén Luis Ernesto , Hugo Fernando Neves , Leal Soraya Coelho , Borba de Araujo Fernando 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo develop, apply, and evaluate a virtual learning object (VLO) for teaching undergraduate dental students and paediatric dentists to diagnose and manage molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).DesignThis controlled educational intervention included 170 undergraduate dental students and 50 paediatric dentists. The student intervention group (VLOG) was trained by the VLO, the control group of students (CG) received a synchronous virtual class, and the group of paediatric dentists (PDG) was trained by the VLO. Pre‐test and post‐test data were analyzed with a mixed one‐way and Tukey’s post hoc ANOVA test (α = 0.05). The answers to the questionnaire were analyzed with the one‐way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe values obtained in the pre‐test were significantly lower than those obtained in the post‐test for all groups. The specialists showed a higher level of knowledge before and after the MIH training compared with the students (p < .001). Similarly, statistical differences were found in the level of knowledge, which increased after MIH training (p < .001). There were no differences between the CG and VLOG.ConclusionsThe level of knowledge increased in all groups after training regardless of the method used. VLOG works similar to traditional teaching approaches.
Trends and seasonality in public interest in dental trauma: Insights from Google Trends
Authors: Simsek Huseyin , Kardes Sinan , Kilic Munevver , Kardes Elif 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo assess trends and seasonal variation of dental trauma by using the Google Trends data.DesignGoogle Trends was used to obtain relative search volume (RSV) of search terms such as dental trauma, broken tooth, chipped tooth, knocked‐out tooth, avulsed tooth, and gum trauma. The search strategy was set to the time period (January 2004 to December 2019), region (worldwide, the United States, the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, and Turkey), Web search, and all categories. Seasonal variation was evaluated using the cosinor analysis.ResultsThe worldwide RSV values of broken tooth, chipped tooth, knocked‐out tooth, and avulsed tooth have shown a general increase in recent years with an upward forecast line. The RSV values of dental trauma have shown a general increase in recent years with a plateau forecast line, and gum trauma has shown a stable trend with a plateau forecast line. Seasonal variation of chipped tooth, broken tooth, dental trauma, knocked‐out tooth, avulsed tooth, and gum trauma was not found statistically significant in any of the countries (p > .025). The top related queries of chipped tooth and broken tooth were about pain, fix/repair, and cost. The top related topics for avulsed tooth and knocked‐out tooth are about infant, child, toddler, and primary tooth.ConclusionsPeople's interest on dental trauma, broken tooth, chipped tooth, knocked‐out tooth, and avulsed tooth has shown a general increase in recent years without showing a seasonal pattern. Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to people's concerns and informational needs.
Effectiveness of water fluoridation in an upper‐middle‐income country: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Belotti Lorrayne , Frazão Paulo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo summarize the information on the effectiveness of community water fluoridation (CWF) on the reduction of dental caries in the context of the wide use of fluoridated toothpaste in Brazil.DesignA systematic review was conducted regarding the effect of CWF based on studies with Brazilian population groups using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and SCOPUS. The literature search was conducted up to August 2019. Studies that compared caries experience in at least two areas, one fluoridated and the other non‐fluoridated, by mean dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index or caries prevalence (caries vs. caries‐free) were included. Considering the beginning of widespread use of fluoride dentifrice and the time for producing dental caries decline, studies published before 1995 were excluded. Descriptive analysis and meta‐analyses were carried out. The effect size was measured by mean difference for dmft and DMFT ± SD and odds ratios on a logarithmic scale for caries prevalence.ResultsOf the 574 studies retrieved, 16 and 10 were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. Fluoridated areas exhibited lower mean dmft/DMFT than non‐fluoridated areas did. The mean difference in the dmft between non‐fluoridated and fluoridated areas was −2.28 (95% CI −3.26; −1.30) for children aged 5–8 years and −1.12 (95% CI −1.93; −0.32) for those aged 3–12 years; the mean difference in the DMFT was −0.61 (95% CI −0.80; −0.42) for the children aged between 7 and 12 years. The caries prevalence was 1.4 times and 57% lower, respectively, at primary and permanent dentition in fluoridated areas. Heterogeneity was observed in all age groups, ranging from 77.6% to 98.2%.ConclusionCommunity water fluoridation remains effective in preventing dental caries in children younger than 13 years, even with the widespread use of fluoridated toothpaste.
Effect of humidity on friction, wear, and plastic deformation during nanoscratch of soda lime silica glass
Authors: He Hongtu , Qiao Qian , Xiao Tongjin , Yu Jiaxin , Kim Seong H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhysical flaws and defects on glass surfaces are known to reduce the mechanical strength and chemical durability of glass. The formation of surface defects depends not only on the mechanical conditions of the physical contact but also on the environment in which the contact is made. In this study, the nanoscratch behavior of soda lime silica (SLS) glass was investigated in 10% and 60% relative humidity (RH) conditions. Based on the evolution of friction and scratch depth, the deformation of SLS glass surface could be divided into four regimes: elastic deformation and recovery (E), RH‐independent mild plastic deformation (P‐1), RH‐dependent intermediate plastic deformation (P‐2), and RH‐independent severe plastic formation (P‐3). It is quite surprising to observe that plastic deformation of the glass surface has dependence on RH of the environment (outside the glass) because plastic deformation is the process occurring below the surface (inside the glass) by the externally applied load. From this result, it can be inferred that frictional energy dissipation mode at the sliding interface, which is a function of adsorbed water molecules, influences the subsurface deformation mode. Although friction, wear, and subsurface deformation/damage are all coupled, there is no direct one‐on‐one correlation among them.
Evaluation of acrylamide production by Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) cells immobilized in agar matrix
Authors: Sahu Ruchi , Meghavarnam Anil K. , Janakiraman Savitha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
The efficiency of acrylamide production was examined with immobilized cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) containing NHase.

Methods and Results
Different entrapment matrices such as agar, alginate and polyacrylamide were used. Various immobilization parameters like agar concentration, cell concentration and reaction conditions affecting the bioconversion process using suitable matrices were determined. The cells immobilized with agar matrix were found to be most effective for acrylonitrile conversion. The bioconversion was more efficient in beads prepared with 2% agar and 5% (v/v) cell concentration. The entire conversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide with agar entrapped cells was achieved in 120 min at 15°C. The agar entrapped R. rhodochrous (RS-6) cells exhibited 8% (w/v) tolerance to acrylonitrile and 35% tolerance to acrylamide. The immobilized cells also retained 50% of its conversion ability up to seven cycles. The laboratory-scale (1 L) production resulted in 466 g L−1 accumulation of acrylamide in 16 h.

Conclusions
The cells immobilized in agar showed better stability and biocatalytic properties and increased reusability potential.

Significance and Impact of the study
The agar-immobilized Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS-6) cells showed enhanced tolerance for both the substrate and product and is economical for the large-scale production of acrylamide.