bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Práticas Estatais Contra Democratização, Uso e Respeito das Terras Indígenas e Campesinas no Perú (1990-2015)
Authors: Bordais Lourdes Eddy Flores 
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo quer trazer a discussão as práticas estatais que tenderam ao favorecimento da reconcentração da terra no Peru entre 1990 e 2015. Parte-se primeiro, de uma contextualização geográfica e histórica, em seguida refere-se Ã avaliação das gestões do Estado a partir da radicalização do projeto neoliberal no Peru desde os anos noventa, período cuja principal característica foi a implementação de políticas que atuaram contra a democratização da terra, da agricultura camponesa e o respeito pelas terras indígenas. Acredita-se que a observação dessas práticas estatais deveriam ajudar a reformular as saídas para a consolidação da democracia real no uso e acesso Ã terra.
Estado e burocracia na concepção político-jurídica de E. Pachukanis
Authors: Makeev Ivan Ivanovitch 
Published: December 2021

No presente trabalho, Ivan Ivanovitch Makeev elabora uma compilação das considerações de Pachukanis sobre a questão da burocracia na União Soviética. Nesse sentido, o objeto de investigação é o fenômeno do burocratismo e sua compreensão pelo pensamento soviético inicial. Nós nos encontramos, neste trabalho, com uma série de questões interessantes, tais como a concepção de Pachukanis sobre o direito e o Estado, seu entendimento sobre a conexão entre a burocracia e o capitalismo, sua identificação do processo de burocratização em curso na União Soviética e suas propostas voltadas Ã reversão desse curso de eventos.
extratos de uma ontologia marxista do direito em Roberto Lyra Filho
Authors: Soares Moisés Alves 
Published: December 2021

A obra de Roberto Lyra Filho consiste em um rastrear constante da essência do direito na realidade histórico-social e aponta para realização da justiça concreta. O jurista carioca no desenvolvimento dessa síntese teórica caminha em direção a uma ontologia marxista do direito ”“ ponto fundamental e estranhamente pouco sublinhado por seus intérpretes ”“ apoiada nas contribuições de três gigantes do pensamento marxista: György Lukács, com sua Ontologia do Ser Social, Ernst Bloch, com seu Princípio Esperança; e, por fim, a Ontologia da Práxis presente nos Cadernos do Cárcere. Os “usos” que Lyra Filho faz dos extratos destas teorias marxistas combinadas com o pluralismo jurídico Ã Boaventura sua ontologia dialética do direito são ricos em possibilidades interpretativas, que serão abordadas neste estudo.
Questionnaire for Children with Autism Syndrome Disorder
Authors: Suprajitno Suprajitno , Mugianti Sri 
Published: December 2021

Children with autism syndrome disorderÂ (ASD) have developmental like normal children in general. However, in Indonesia there is no instrument to measure of achievement the development of children with autism syndrome disorder. The purpose of this research resulted in a questionnaire used to measure institutional and family support, parental stimulation abilities, and the ability of children with autism syndrome disorder. The design used exploratory for developing of instruments. Experts involved in the development of instruments are psychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, paediatricians, autistic child behavioral therapy practitioners, and the institution of Autism Center of Blitar City. Instrument development begins with focus group discussion, instrument preparation, instrument trials, and analysis. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 40 parents and children with ASD at the Autism Center of Blitar City. The analysis was conducted namely the validity of the content and construct by experts, while the test of validity and reliability of the questionnaire used Lisrel 8.50. Valid and reliable questionnaires items on the institutional and family support as many as 21 questions, parents' ability to stimulate as many as 17 questions, and the ability of children with autism syndrome disorder as many as 17 questions. The resulting questionnaire has a minimum GFI score of 0.75 and a CR of 0.78, so that the questionnaire can be used as a instrument on autism services.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Derajat Kesehatan Lanjut Usia di Desa Kangkung, Mranggen, Demak
Authors: Soesanto Edy , Nugroho Heryanto Adi , Ernawati Ernawati , Aisah Siti , Setyowati Dewi , Jihad Much Nur Kharistna Al 
Published: December 2021

Kemajuan ekonomi, perbaikan lingkungan hidup dan majunya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi khususnya di bidang kesehatan, mampu meningkatkan umur harapan hidup (life expectancy). Dengan meningkatnya angka harapan hidup lanjut usia yang semakin tinggi, maka dibutuhkan kualitas hidup yang lebih bermakna di bandingkan dengan kualitas hidup yang sekarang yang masih relatif rendah, khususnya masalah kesehatan. Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan khususnya sosial, ekonomi , kesehatan dan kemampuan lanjut usia, perlu di selenggarakan suatu suatu program yang berbentuk pelayanan dan pengembangan kelembagaan yang menangani masalah-masalah tersebut. Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu) Lanjut Usia merupakan salah satu wadah yang dapat membantu masyarakat melakukan upaya peningkatan dan pencegahan terhadap masalah kesehatan yang dialami oleh lanjut usia sehingga tercapai kualitas hidup yang optimal, tetapi pelaksanaannya seringkali tidak berjalan dengan baik karena dukungan masyarakat yang masih kurang, keterbatasan jumlah kader, sulitnya mencari kader yang memiliki waktu luang. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam upaya meningkatkan derajat kesehatan lanjut usia melalui rekruitmen dan pelatihan kader kesehatan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan pemerintah desa,tokoh masyarakat, kader kesehatan dan para lansia di dusun Karang, desa Kangkung, Mranggen, Demak. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan tiga tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Perencanaan dilakukan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang pentingnya posbindu lanjut usia dan penyakit yang lazim terjadi pada lanjut usia yang perlu penanganan khusus dan kontinyu. Pelaksanaan rekruitmen dan pelatihan kader untuk membekali kader dalam pelayanan posbindu. Kegiatan dilaksankan dengan baik dan mendapat respon kooperatif , antusias dan aktif setiap kegiatan dilakukan. pemerintah desa, masyarakat dan Puskesmas Mranggen I mendukung keberadaan posbindu. untuk mengendalikan dan mengontrol masalah kesehatan yang dialami oleh lanjut usia khususnya penyakit degeneratif.
EFFECTS OF DREDGING ON DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY: EKOLE CREEK, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunlowo Opololaoluwa Oladimarum , Simon Churchill Ebinimitei 
Published: December 2021

Water is essential part of ecosystem, so its quality must be ascertained for use especially in Ekole creek of Nigeria where dredging activities is heavy, hence this study examined the dredging effect on the downstream water quality of Ekole creek. Water samples were collected from four points which are; Upstream, Dredge I, Dredge II, and Downstream points. The parameters of the water quality determined showed that Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were higher at the Downstream point with values of 31 NTU and 1664 mg/l respectively; pH was also slightly acidic (6.61); but low in Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity, Nitrate (NO3) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), as compare to the Upstream. The values of the heavy metals like Pb (3.845 mg/l), Cr (0.612 mg/l) Ni (0.104 mg/l) and Cu (0.128 mg/l), at Downstream point, were above Pb (3.0605 mg/l), Cr (0.0 mg/l), Ni (0.017 mg/l) and Cu (0.102 mg/l) of the Upstream point,before the Dredging points I and II, that have correlative matrix of(Pb>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr) and Pb>Fe>Cr>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni Downstream point. Is discovered the Downstream water is slightly acidic, high in Turbidity and TSS, but low in TDS, EC, NO3 and DO, as against the WHO drinking-water quality, due the effect of dredging on the water quality of the Ekole Creek. It is inferred that the dredging activities have negative effects on the water quality, which can be hazardous to the health of downstream user, and distort the ecosystem; therefore the commercial dredging activities should be checked in Ekole creek.
Child Journalists, the Civil War, and the Intersectional Work of Reporting Grief
Authors: Danger Sara 
Published: December 2021

In 1864, editors of two nationally-circulating periodicals, Nellie Williams (aged 14) and her sisters, Allie and Mary (aged 12 and 17), reported that their only brother and Union Soldier, Leroy K. Williams, was missing in action. Filtering personal trauma through the performative discourses of nineteenth-century journalism, these young writers publicised their anguish over their brother’s capture. The culturally-situated intersectional identities reflected in and contested by their reporting—as white Northerners, working-class youth, loyal sisters, and enterprising journalists—expose a kaleidoscope of fissures and collisions between private and public, silence and enunciation, gender and class, trauma and resilience. The resulting tensions illustrate the ways by which genres shaped, and were shaped by, children’s articulations of suffering for a national audience during wartime.
Advanced Therapy Medicines Based on Oncolytic Viruses (Part II: Development and Authorisation of IMLYGIC®)
Authors: Melnikova E. V. , Rachinskaya O. A. , Merkulov V. A. 
Published: December 2021

The only oncolytic virus-based product authorised in the US and EU—IMLYGIC®, a genetically modified herpes simplex virus type 1 (by BioVex Inc., a subsidiary of Amgen, Inc.)—was developed and approved for clinical use as monotherapy for recurrent unresectable melanoma. The aim of the study was to analyse materials on IMLYGIC® development and authorisation in order to be able to use the data on specific aspects of preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic virus-based products in the development of regulatory framework for Russia and the EAEU. The publicly available preclinical and clinical trial results demonstrate a decrease in the size of both tumours being injected and remote tumours/skin lesions, which supports the local and systemic effects of IMLYGIC® due to the lysis effect of the virus on the tumour cells. The clinical trials of IMLYGIC® were the first to use the durable response rate, and not the overall survival, as the primary endpoint of the efficacy of the anticancer drug. Benefits of IMLYGIC® therapy were observed across all the secondary endpoints, except overall survival. Significant efficacy of the drug therapy was demonstrated only in patients without visceral lesions, which resulted in limitations of indications for use. There have been no serious or severe adverse effects associated with IMLYGIC®. If symptoms of viral infection develop, they can be neutralized thanks to the product’s sensitivity to acyclovir. At present, advanced therapy medicinal products derived from an oncolytic virus may be authorised in Russia for clinical use as monotherapy or combination therapy, according to the EAEU regulations.
Analisis Sektor Unggulan Dalam Pembangunan Daerah di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Muljanto Muhammad Agus 
Published: December 2021

Pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Sidoarjo direpresentasikan dengan adanya peningkatan PDRB dalam kurun waktu 2016-2020 (kecuali tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan). Terlebih data PDRB dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pembangunan ekonomi Kab. Sidoarjo melalui berbagai sektor pembangunan. Untuk itu diperlukan analisis terhadap sektor yang menjadi basis pembangunan ekonomi dan scktor unggulan yang berkontribusi besar pada pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah serta sektor unggulan tersebut dapat menjadi prioritas dalam perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sektor yang menjadi basis dan sektor unggulan (metode LQ dan DLQ) serta sektor yang menjadi prioritas (tipologi Klassen) yang berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yang menyajikan gambaran suatu fenomena tentang apa yang dialami objek penelitian dengan menggunakan angka-angka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 14 (empat belas) sektor dapat menjadi basis pembangunan ekonomi di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan 1 (satu) sektor diantaranya menjadi sektor unggulan sebagai prioritas dalam mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten Sidoarjo, yaitu sektor Industri Pengolahan. Untuk itu strategi perencanaan pembangunan yang berkontribusi besar pada pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan prioritas tinggi kepada sektor Industri Pengolahan.
Kata Kunci: Basis pembangunan ekonomi, Sektor unggulan, Metode LQ dan DLQ, tipologi Klassen, Pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah
Implementation of User Centered Design Method on e-Catalog Information System of UMKM in South Aceh Agency
Authors: Fardiansyah  , Pulungan Anhar , Sitorus Ridha , Rizky Muharratul Mina 
Published: December 2021

The utilization of digital technology produces efficiency, effectiveness and accountability that can support the UMKM (Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah) so that the Regional Government (PEMDA) in this case the Koperasi and UKM Office of South Aceh agency can contribute in providing services and education for UMKM which are expected to be able to improve productivity and profit of UMKM in their region. To using of the UCD (User Centered Design) model involves the user in the development process. This study focuses on the implementation of the use of the UCD development model after going through the evaluation process of the user context, analysis and design of solutions based on recommendations from users. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that the implementation of UCD method to the system have a good response from users.
Importance of tranexamic acid in pediatric monosutural craniosynostosis surgery
Authors: Eustache Gabriel , Nardi Nicolas , Rousseau Chloé , Aouaissia Sandra , Aillet Sylvie , Delahaye Larralde Severine , Wodey Eric , Riffaud Laurent 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that has achieved significant reduction in perioperative blood loss and the quantity of blood transfused in many pediatric surgical procedures, without morbidity. Despite the accumulation of evidence regarding its effectiveness in craniosynostosis repair surgery, TXA is not unanimously employed by pediatric neurosurgery teams. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the routine use of TXA in a homogeneous population of children who underwent open surgery for monosutural craniosynostosis.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed 3 cohorts of patients that were subdivided from 2 cohorts surrounding the initiation of TXA (group 1, TXA− [2008–2011] and group 2, TXA+ [2011–2013]) and a third cohort of more recent patients (group 3, TXA+ [2016–2017]). TXA was administered using the same protocol comprising a loading dose of 10 mg/kg over 15 minutes after induction of general anesthesia followed by a 10 mg/kg per hour infusion until skin closure. Patients in all 3 groups underwent similar standardized procedures for scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly, and unicoronal craniosynostosis by the same pediatric neurosurgeon.

RESULTS
Overall, 102 infants were included in the study: 32 infants in group 1, 36 in group 2, and 34 in group 3. Significant reductions in transfusion of packed erythrocytes (PE) and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) were observed between the TXA− and TXA+ time periods. The median volume of PE transfusion was reduced by > 50% with the use of TXA (42.8 mL/kg in the TXA− group vs 20.0 in the TXA+ groups, p < 0.0001). Reduction in PE transfusion was 100% postoperatively in the TXA+ groups (20.0 mL/kg in the TXA− group vs 0.0 in the TXA+ groups, p < 0.0001). The median volume of FFP transfusion was reduced by 100% with the use of TXA (12.8 mL/kg in the TXA− group vs 0.0 in the TXA+ groups, p < 0.0001). All children in group 1 received a transfusion, whereas 3 children (8%) and 7 children (20%) in groups 2 and 3, respectively, did not. Significant reductions in postoperative drain output were also noted between the TXA− and TXA+ time periods. The total hospital length of stay was significantly lower in the TXA+ groups (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Use of TXA reduced blood loss and the need for transfusions but also decreased the hospital length of stay and, thus, minimized overall medical care costs. Intraoperative administration of TXA in craniosynostosis repair surgery should be routinely used in all centers that practice these procedures.
A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of midbrain lesions
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Rumalla Kavelin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawrence Peter M. , Larson Keil Kristen , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Anatomical taxonomy is a practical tool that has successfully guided clinical decision-making for patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are similarly complex lesions that are difficult to access and highly variable in size, shape, and position. The authors propose a novel taxonomy for midbrain cavernous malformations based on clinical presentation (syndromes) and anatomical location (identified with MRI).

METHODS
The taxonomy system was developed and applied to an extensive 2-surgeon experience over a 30-year period (1990–2019). Of 551 patients with appropriate data who underwent microsurgical resection of BSCMs, 151 (27.4%) had midbrain lesions. These lesions were further subtyped on the basis of predominant surface presentation identified on preoperative MRI. Five distinct subtypes of midbrain BSCMs were defined: interpeduncular (7 lesions [4.6%]), peduncular (37 [24.5%]), tegmental (73 [48.3%]), quadrigeminal (27 [17.9%]), and periaqueductal (7 [4.6%]). Neurological outcomes were assessed using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. A postoperative score ≤ 2 was defined as a favorable outcome; a score > 2 was defined as a poor outcome. Clinical and surgical characteristics and neurological outcomes were compared among subtypes.

RESULTS
Each midbrain BSCM subtype was associated with a recognizable constellation of neurological symptoms. Patients with interpeduncular lesions commonly presented with ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia or dyscoordination. Peduncular lesions were associated with contralateral hemiparesis and ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy. Patients with tegmental lesions were the most likely to present with contralateral sensory deficits, whereas those with quadrigeminal lesions commonly presented with the features of Parinaud syndrome. Periaqueductal lesions were the most likely to cause obstructive hydrocephalus. A single surgical approach was preferred (> 90% of cases) for each midbrain subtype: interpeduncular (transsylvian-interpeduncular approach [7/7 lesions]), peduncular (transsylvian-transpeduncular [24/37]), tegmental (lateral supracerebellar-infratentorial [73/73]), quadrigeminal (midline or paramedian supracerebellar-infratentorial [27/27]), and periaqueductal (transcallosal-transchoroidal fissure [6/7]). Favorable outcomes (mRS score ≤ 2) were observed in most patients (110/136 [80.9%]) with follow-up data. No significant differences in outcomes were observed between subtypes (p = 0.92).

CONCLUSIONS
The study confirmed the authors’ hypothesis that taxonomy for midbrain BSCMs can meaningfully guide the selection of surgical approach and resection strategy. The proposed taxonomy can increase diagnostic acumen at the patient bedside, help identify optimal surgical approaches, enhance the consistency of clinical communications and publications, and improve patient outcomes.
Comparison of frailty metrics and the Charlson Comorbidity Index for predicting adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for spine metastases
Authors: Hersh Andrew M. , Pennington Zach , Hung Bethany , Patel Jaimin , Goldsborough Earl , Schilling Andrew , Feghali James , Antar Albert , Srivastava Siddhartha , Botros David , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Lo Sheng-Fu Larry , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Frailty—the state defined by decreased physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to physiological stress—is exceedingly common in oncology patients. Given the palliative nature of spine metastasis surgery, it is imperative that patients be healthy enough to tolerate the physical insult of surgery. In the present study, the authors compared the association of two frailty metrics and the widely used Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) with postoperative morbidity in spine metastasis patients.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort of patients who underwent operations for spinal metastases at a comprehensive cancer center were identified. Data on patient demographic characteristics, disease state, medical comorbidities, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Frailty was measured with the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) and metastatic spinal tumor frailty index (MSTFI). Outcomes of interest were length of stay (LOS) greater than the 75th percentile of the cohort, nonroutine discharge, and the occurrence of ≥ 1 postoperative complication.

RESULTS
In total, 322 patients were included (mean age 59.5 ± 12 years; 56.9% of patients were male). The mean ± SD LOS was 11.2 ± 9.9 days, 44.5% of patients had nonroutine discharge, and 24.0% experienced ≥ 1 postoperative complication. On multivariable analysis, increased frailty on mFI-5 and MSTFI was independently predictive of all three outcomes: prolonged LOS (OR 1.67 per point, 95% CI 1.06–2.63, p = 0.03; and OR 1.63 per point, 95% CI 1.29–2.05, p < 0.01, respectively), nonroutine discharge (OR 2.65 per point, 95% CI 1.74–4.04, p < 0.01; and OR 1.69 per point, 95% CI 1.36–2.11, p < 0.01), and ≥ 1 complication (OR 1.95 per point, 95% CI 1.23–3.09, p = 0.01; and OR 1.41 per point, 95% CI 1.12–1.77, p < 0.01). CCI was found to be independently predictive of only the occurrence of ≥ 1 postoperative complication (OR 1.45 per point, 95% CI 1.22–1.72, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Frailty measured with either mFI-5 or MSTFI scores was a more robust independent predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes than the more widely used CCI. Both mFI-5 and MSTFI were significantly associated with prolonged LOS, higher complication rates, and nonroutine discharge. Further investigation in a prospective multicenter cohort is merited.