bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-8 Free amino acids in blood plasma of beef cattle under induced oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Penrod Bethaney M , Fornes Corbin R , Dinh Thu , Rivera Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study examined the effects of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide on free amino acids in blood plasma from beef heifers (n = 18). Cattle were supplemented with ground corn and soybean hulls to 310 to 456 kg of BW while grazing cool and warm-season pastures and were evaluated for preliminary oxidative markers; afterward, they were shipped and finished at a commercial feedlot in Iowa. Animals were blocked into three groups based on principal component analysis of oxidative stress markers and two treatments of either 20 mg hydrogen peroxide/kg BW (OX, n = 9) or 10 mL of saline (CON, n = 9) were equally and randomly assigned to animals within each group. On the day before slaughter, the OX and CON treatments were administered intravenously through the jugular vein. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 90 min after treatment, centrifuged into plasma, aliquoted, snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C. Free amino acids in plasma were derivatized by propyl chloroformate, extracted in isooctane, and determined by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measures with treatment, time, and their interaction as fixed effects. Twenty-seven amino acids were quantified and sarcosine concentration was 1.5 mM greater in OX plasma than in that of CON (P = 0.064). Leucine, threonine, proline, asparagine, methionine, and α-aminobutyric acid were greater pre-treatment (P ≤ 0.006); whereas cystine was greater at 90 min post-treatment (P = 0.019). Although the effects of hydrogen peroxide injection on free amino acids in blood plasma were minimal, an increase in sarcosine concentration has been reported as a marker of induced oxidative stress.
PSIX-24 Genome-wide association mapping for additive and dominance effects in pig fertility
Authors: Bakoev Siroj , Getmantseva Lyubov , Bakoev Faridun , Shevtsova Varvara , Kostyunina Olga V , Getmantseva Varvara , Bakoev Nekruz , Kolosov Anatoly , Usatov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the work was to conduct GWAS for Total Number Born (TNB) based on the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm, taking into account additive and dominance effects. The study population consisted of 218 Landrace sows. DNA samples were genotyped using GGP HD Porcine. After filtering, 40358 SNPs are left for further analysis. The target variable is the Total Number Born estimated from the third farrow. To assess the additive (model A) and dominant (model D), the coding 0/1/2 and 0/1/0 were used, respectively. Based on the test results, the top 50 SNPs were selected for each of the models in accordance with the relative importance. Of the top 50 SNPs determined by model D, 36 SNPs were identified based on model A (of which 14 SNPs were included in the top of model A). However, the top 14 SNPs for Model D showed relative importance = 0 for Model A. The genes identified in Models A and D are responsible for Molecular functions: binding (GO: 0005488), catalytic activity (GO: 0003824), and transcriptional regulator activity (GO: 0140110); Biological process: cellular process (GO: 0009987), biological regulation (GO: 0065007), metabolic process (GO: 0008152); Cellular component: part of a cell (GO: 0044464) and a cell (GO: 0005623). Further research will allow a more detailed study of the genetic electrical energy of fertility traits in pigs. The results showed that the dominance effects has additional value for genomic effects that control pig fertility. This research was performed with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 19-76-10012.
PSII-B-24 Use of the Elnady technique of tissue preservation to preserve specimens for use in undergraduate animal science courses
Authors: Daniel Jay A , Kukor Isabella 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The use of tissue specimens for undergraduate instruction is a very valuable tool. However, fresh tissue specimens are not always available and many common preservation techniques can result in discoloration, offensive odors, and/or dangerous chemical residues. The Elnady Technique was developed as a means to produce tissue specimens that “are realistic, durable, have no offensive odor, and are dry, soft and flexible” (Elnady, F.A. 2016 The Elnady Technique: An innovative, new method for tissue preservation. Altex. 33:237–242. doi:10.14573/altex.1511091). Briefly for soft tissue, specimens were preserved by fixing in formalin for one week. The tissue specimen was then dehydrated with a series of acetone baths changed weekly. Once the tissue was fully dehydrated, the specimen was impregnated in glycerin by full immersion in a glycerin bath for one to two weeks. Excess glycerin was then removed by draining followed by immersion in cornstarch for one to two weeks. Cornstarch residue was removed with a soft brush, and the specimen was stored in a plastic bag. Multiple specimens (including female reproductive tract of the cat, goat, horse, and sow; digestive tract of barred owl, cat, chicken, and dog; one day old lamb stomach; goat rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum; deer testicle; and sheep heart and kidney) have been preserved and used in various animal science course laboratories (75 laboratory sections and over 1000 students at Berry College). Some of the specimens have been in use for five years and are still in usable condition. The Elnady Technique has proven to be a useful means of preserving tissue samples used in undergraduate animal science courses.
Disaster Prevention Achieved
Authors: McLean Andrew J. , Schwert Donald P. , Macek-Rowland Kathleen M. , DeSutter Thomas M. , O'Neill H. Katherine , Shultz James M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many communities in the US Upper Midwest have been battling record floods in recent decades. This chapter focuses on a spring flood event in 2009, when the Greater Fargo area avoided destruction from the Red River of the North by utilizing mitigation efforts. Included in the undertaking was the mobilization of the community to place millions of sandbags, as well as the creative repurposing of resources. This case study presents a model of community resilience in a geographically vulnerable region. It illustrates the achievement of flood disaster prevention in the face of imminent and severe threat; the reinforcement and enhancement of community resilience based on averting disaster; the channeling of fear-related behaviors into constructive community actions; and the complexity of factors that create unique flood risks along the Red River of the North. Lessons-learned provided for not only a recovery framework, but also a recognition of the value of behavioral health leadership in disaster situations.
Lévi-Strauss’s Critique of Durkheim
Authors: Xie Jing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lévi-Strauss’s critique of Durkheim is considered an important one for two reasons. First, it is a discussion about the nature of social reality, and it therefore raises questions about the philosophical foundations of Durkheimian sociology. Second, it is regarded as a turning point in the French tradition of social anthropology, Lévi-Strauss’s purpose being to put forward structuralism as a solution to Durkheimian difficulties. In this chapter, first I outline Lévi-Strauss’s core arguments, and then I reassess the significance of his critique in light of the recent debates about his structuralist program in France. I will show that the orthodox view on the relation between the Durkheim school and Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism is oversimplified because it relies heavily on Lévi-Strauss’s own claims, and as a consequence, also oversimplifies Durkheim’s account of social reality. By examining concepts such as “symbolism,” “obligation,” “institution,” “norm,” and “action” in both Durkheim’s and Lévi-Strauss’s theory, I will show that Lévi-Strauss’s structuralist turn is in fact a cognitivist one, which, instead of offering solutions to Durkheimian questions, dismisses those questions.
What The Slants’ First Amendment Case at the Supreme Court Actually Won
Authors: Tam Simon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This is a first-person account of the First Amendment case that rocked the nation. Much has been written about The Slants’ trademark case, which was decided at the Supreme Court, from NPR to Rolling Stone, but nearly everything published focused on the Washington Football team’s name and fear about a floodgate of hate speech. This article provides the argument for freedom of expression using an equity lens, moving it from abstract legal theory to a personal account of what the legal system and its procedures are actually like for those who wish to create social change.
The Music Modernization Act
Authors: Gorgoni Adam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter is a songwriter’s essay on the Music Modernization Act and how it attempts to address the future of the songwriting profession in the digital age. Although the advent of streaming has resuscitated the music industry writ large, songwriters—unlike artists and record labels—are regulated by the government in ways that have stopped them from receiving their fair share of the growing pie. The author explains from a songwriter’s perspective how the MMA was designed to address these issues and assesses its strengths and weaknesses, the compromises that led to its passage, and the challenges going forward.
Green Industrial Policy in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lewis Joanna I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The deployment of renewable energy (RE) is increasing around the world, driven in part by the global climate commitments that have been adopted by almost 200 countries under the Paris Agreement. It is therefore important to understand how countries are adopting national strategies to promote green growth through RE development and, in particular, the role of “green industrial policies.” Industrial policies include a variety of protectionist measures that encourage domestic manufacturing for RE and raise barriers to foreign entry into domestic markets, setting up an inherent tension between low-carbon development and international trade. This chapter reviews the policies and incentives commonly used to support RE deployment as well as the localization of RE manufacturing. It then turns to a review of the green industrial policy strategies of the Chinese wind sector and the Indian solar sector—two examples of using green industrial policy with different outcomes. While green industrial policy helps states justify the low-carbon transition, it also potentially makes that transition costlier and more inefficient. The chapter ends with recommendations for ongoing policy discussions including the need for continued engagement about how to best foster clean energy innovation, rapid technology deployment, and economic development with a shared vision that does not leave emerging and developing countries behind.
Introduction
Authors: Pevehouse Jon C. W. , Seabrooke Leonard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the evolution of international political economy (IPE) scholarship while laying out some of the themes that are discussed across the chapters in this book. IPE was born out of a recognition that politics mattered for economics and vice-versa, and as a practical, problem-oriented field. It continues to be so today, even if there appear to be theoretical and methodological camps engaging in differing research programs. The chapter then considers some of the commonalities among IPE scholars. Ultimately, challenges confronted by peoples, states, and firms lie at the center of research in IPE. While individual scholars make different choices as to the theoretical tools they use to understand and analyze those problems, and that there may be patterns to those choices, all of this is in the service of improving knowledge about the interactions that form the international political economy.
Nationalism and Politics in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mlambo Alois S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on nationalism in past and present Zimbabwean politics. It first traces the history and nature of anti-colonial nationalism in Zimbabwe, after which it sets out continuities and discontinuities of anti-colonial nationalism in independent Zimbabwe. The chapter is principally interested in the post-2000 years, which witnessed the rise of a particular and influential authoritarian nationalism and its temporary decline in the period November 2017 to August 2018. The chapter maintains that after 2000, the governing Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) party propagated an exceedingly parochial and divisive authoritarian nationalism, predicated on loyalty to the ruling party. This authoritarian nationalism was prompted by the entrance of a credible opposition challenger to ZANU–PF in elections and was undergirded by a discriminatory rendition of Zimbabwe’s independence struggle history. ZANU–PF’s authoritarian nationalism was hardly brand new, since it had long roots in Zimbabwe’s anti-colonial nationalism, but its vigour and methodical promulgation by ZANU–PF constituted substantial discrepancies with past variations. Finally, the chapter argues that the removal of long-time ZANU–PF leader Robert Mugabe in a military coup in 2017 resulted in only a brief hiatus in ZANU–PF’s authoritarian nationalism, underscoring the deeply embedded nature of the ruling party’s authoritarian nationalist politics.
Vigilantism and Security-Making
Authors: Burrell Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVigilantism and security-making ask that we both acknowledge the importance of legal pluralism (and its lived, and often contradictory, experiences), and that we recognize its limits. They insist that we acknowledge statecraft as a process engaged in by state and non-state actors, and that we rethink the contours of the contemporary state and the role of law within it. In imagining how anthropologists, lawyers, and legal scholars might think through these issues collaboratively and productively, this chapter suggests that legal pluralism can only take us so far. Ethnography is crucial to understanding how people engage, often simultaneously, various domains of law and how those domains themselves are also objects for scrutiny and investigation. Bringing these insights to policymaking and legal reform across various emerging fields, I suggest that vigilantism asks us to think about violence and to examine the roles and receptions of security-making and their integration into legal domains.
Greek Sanctuaries and Stadia
Authors: Romano David Gilman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe stadium (stadion) included the racecourse proper (dromos; of 600 feet) and the spectator area. Originally using natural slopes for onlookers, the stadia became more elaborate, with stone seating and complex starting lines (husplyges), in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The second-century-bce stadium-cum-theatre at Pergamon is of special note, resembling in concept the fourth-century-bce structure on the Pnyx in Athens. Other stadia surveyed here are at Messene (Peloponnese) and Aphrodisias (Caria). Water channels allowed the track to be watered to avoid hardening. A 100-foot-square (plethron) space was used for field events. Most stadia had formal entrances, some using vaulted ‘tunnels’ (Olympia, Nemea, Delphi, and Epidauros). The history of certain stadia is traced: Olympia, Corinth, Halieis, Mt Lykaion (a hippodrome-cum-stadium), Rome (stadium of Domitian), Isthmia, Nemea, Delphi, and facilities at some civic and rural sanctuaries.
Sport and Spectacle in the Greek Bronze Age
Authors: Younger John G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstracte (including bull-catching, bull-leaping, and bull-sacrifice), Minoan and Mycenaean frescoes, vase paintings, and stone relief vases depict boxing and wrestling, and competitions with special clothing, protective gloves, and physical restraints or handicaps. Less well known are the depictions of archers, foot-racers, and acrobats. Competition may arguably include artistic representations of game boards and gaming, dance performances, and processions, and descriptions of poetry and musical contests in Homer and Hesiod and of discus throwing in mythology. There is also architectural evidence for enclosing the central courts in the Minoan palaces for protection and seating of spectators. Depictions on eighth-century-bce pottery testify to chariot-racing, musical performances, horsemanship, and the hunt. We also consider passim the participation of women in sport and competition, drawing upon Aegean Bronze Age representations of women archers, hunters, and charioteers, and upon classical mythology for their participation in early foot-races, wrestling, and the hunt.
Greek Hippic Contests
Authors: Nicholson Nigel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hippic contests constituted a surprisingly complex and contested semiotic system. This essay examines the hierarchies that structured this system to show how hippic contests gave visible form to various values and hierarchies that underpinned the larger social order. Equestrian contests as a whole were privileged over gymnastic contests; certain equestrian events were privileged over others (chariot over horse, four-horse over two-horse, stallion over mare, horse over mule); and the owner and the horse were privileged over the driver. In each case, however, it is also possible to trace challenges to these hierarchies, so that hippic contests should be thought of not so much as a vehicle for affirming a certain social order than as a particularly visible locus of ideological struggle.
Introduction
Authors: Novenson Matthew V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘Reading Paul’ is not, and never has been, just one thing. It has always been a matter of the particular questions and interests that the reader brings to the corpus of ancient texts written by, about, or in the name of the apostle. En route to this conclusion, this introduction kicks off the volume by performing several essential tasks. It offers a justification for the contents of the volume, explaining what is meant by the label ‘Pauline studies’ and exploring why it constitutes a (sub-)field of study at all. It gives a brief sketch of the recent history and the current state of Pauline studies as of the early twenty-first century, and furthermore outlines the editor’s reasons for hope for the future of the field. Finally, it summarizes the contents of the volume according to their several main sections.
Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of luminal B1 breast cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Bo-Fang , Tsai Yi-Fang , Huang Chi-Cheng , Hsu Chih-Yi , Lien Pei-Ju , Wang Yu-Ling , Lin Yen-Shu , Feng Chin-Jung , King Kuang-Liang , Chiu Jen-Hwey , Chau Gar-Yang , Tseng Ling-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor II (HER2)-negative luminal B1 breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of disease relapse than luminal A breast cancer. Therefore, we assessed and compared the distant metastasis pattern and clinical outcomes associated with luminal B1 and luminal A breast cancer in an Asian population.

Methods:
In this observational study, we assessed patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who underwent surgery from 2009 to 2016. Patients were classified into luminal A or luminal B1 subsets via immunohistochemical analysis. Disease-free survival, post-metastasis survival, and overall survival were estimated; time to disease relapse and patterns of distant metastasis were compared. Risk of relapse and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:
Patients with luminal B1 breast cancer (n = 677) were significantly younger and had larger tumors and a higher degree of affected axillary lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor necrosis than those with luminal A breast cancer (n = 630). Higher rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis were observed for luminal B1 (both p < 0.05); however, no difference was observed in the specific distant metastatic sites. We observed a significant increase in disease relapse risk in luminal B1 patients compared with that in luminal A (hazard ratio: 2.157, 95% CI: 1.340-3.473, p < 0.05). Patient age, tumor size, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and receiving chemotherapy and hormone therapy were independent risk factors for metastasis and recurrence. Only the luminal B1 subtype (hazard ratio: 5.653, 95% CI: 1.166-27.409, p < 0.05) and stage (hazard ratio: 3.400, 95% CI: 1.512-7.649, p < 0.05) were identified as independent risk factors for post metastatic mortality.

Conclusion:
Luminal B1 breast cancer has aggressive tumor biology compared with luminal A breast cancer in the follow-up period. However, there was no significant difference in the disease relapse pattern between the groups.
Inpatient Care Unit in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ozbaran Burcu , Kose Sezen , Barankoglu Ilayda , Dogan Nurhak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interactions and behavior. The number of children and adolescents with ASD treated in mental health services has been growing in recent years. Knowing clinical and familial characteristics of hospitalized patients with ASD and multidisciplinary approach are crucial for children and adolescents mental health professionals. In this study, 253 Turkish children and adolescents, with and without ASD, treated in psychiatry inpatient care unit were examined. Applied approaches such as medical consultation areas, psychiatric management of mothers, and pharmacological treatment during hospitalization, were studied. In addition to familial and clinical characteristics of patients with ASD, the benefits and the hospitalization conditions were evaluated. Patients with ASD showed a higher tendency on having relatives with a psychiatric disorder than the patients without ASD. A significant difference was found in terms of age, sex, and intellectual functioning, whereas length of stay did not differ drastically. Also, suicide attempts were significantly higher in patients without ASD than in patients with ASD. This study eases the management of hospitalized ASD patients with giving important information of clinical and familial characteristics.
Creation of Digital Virtual Patient by Integrating CBCT, Intraoral Scan, 3D Facial Scan: An Approach to Methodology for Integration Accuracy
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Lee Gye-Hyeong , Moon Da-Nal , Yun Kwi-Dug , Kim Jong-Cheol , Lee Kyungmin Clara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to introduce a method for creating a digital virtual patient by combining cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), intraoral scan, and facial scan with a high accuracy of integration. CBCT scan, facial scan, and intraoral scan were obtained from initial visit. The virtual patient was created using the integration of these imaging modalities. Once the virtual patient was generated, digital workflow could be applied to initial patient consultation, diagnosis, treatment planning, virtual tooth setup, virtual treatment simulation, and post-treatment evaluation. integration of digital technology allows clinicians to improve diagnosis and treatment outcome. in addition, it allows for favorable patient communication. This technique eliminates the traditional impression process and complicated laboratory procedures for evaluating patient's occlusion during smile and habitual resting position. Based on this protocol, it is possible to create a digital virtual patient using CBCT, intraoral scan, and facial scan with a high accuracy of integration. it would be helpful for precision diagnosis and accurate treatment as well as favorable communication with patient.