bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A formação continuada dos professores da Educação Superior
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa , Filipak Sirley Terezinha , Castellain Guebert Mirian Celia 
Published: January 2021

Ao ingressar como docentes na educação superior, os egressos de cursos de bacharelado, especialização, mestrado ou doutorado em áreas especíﬁcas passam a atuar numa área em que apenas o conhecimento dos conteúdos não é suﬁciente. A dinâmica da sala de aula e a orientação da aprendizagem dos alunos são procedimentos complexos, que exigem formação especíﬁca. Este artigo faz uma reﬂexão sobre a importância da formação continuada para professores iniciantes na educação superior. A partir da contextualização do tema, discute o conceito de formação inicial e continuada, para analisar os resultados da prática realizada em uma universidade privada. Fundamenta-se o estudo em Imbernón (1994), Canário (1997), Masetto (2001), Tardif (2002), Gil (2009) e Saviani (2009), entre outros. Foram utilizados, igualmente, como suporte, o documento “Educación y conocimiento: eje de la transformación productiva con equidad”, da CEPAL; a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – Lei nº 9.393/96; e o Relatório Delors, apresentado pela UNESCO. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trata-se de estudo de caso, cuja coleta de dados envolveu professores iniciantes que participaram de um curso de formação pedagógica no ano de 2011. Os dados foram tabulados e categorizados para, em seguida, serem analisados. Como resultado, espera-se haver colaborado para demonstrar a necessidade da formação pedagógica para os docentes que iniciam seu trabalho na educação superior, suscitando uma reﬂexão aprofundada sobre suas práticas e as necessidades a partir delas evidenciadas.
Prática de Ensino e o Estágio Supervisionado na construção dos saberes necessários à docência
Authors: Raymundo Gislene Miotto 
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a possibilidade de a Prática de Ensino e Estágio Curricular Supervisionado contribuírem para construção de saberes docentes, estimulando o futuro professor a desenvolver uma postura investigativo-reflexiva necessária para a resolução das situações complexas do cotidiano escolar. Dessa forma, nesta pesquisa, verificou-se o quanto a Prática de Ensino e o Estágio Supervisionado contribuem para a ressignificação de saberes necessários à qualificação da prática pedagógica no curso de Pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior, localizada no norte do Paraná. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, optou-se por uma abordagem de cunho qualitativo que será fundamentada em bibliografia sobre formação de professores, também será realizada a coleta dos dados por meio de análise documental e questionários aplicados aos docentes e acadêmicos da referida instituição. A realização deste estudo apontou que a Prática de Ensino e o Estágio constituem tempo e espaço de aprendizagem significativa durante o processo formativo do futuro professor. Assim, não são apenas atividades extracurriculares realizadas para o cumprimento de uma carga horária de forma isolada e descontextualizada do curso, mas sim, práticas que permitem o desenvolvimento de diferentes compreensões sobre a realidade escolar. Palavras-chave: Estágio Supervisionado, Prática de Ensino, saberes docentes.
Evolution, Machine, and Humanity: Rereading Samuel Butler from a Posthuman Perspective
Authors: Su Mingming , Jin Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Samuel Butler (1835–1902) stands out among his contemporaries for engaging into a famous controversy with Charles Darwin. He develops the unconscious memory analogy and the extra-corporaneous limb theory in his famous Dystopia fiction Erewhon and his works on evolution as a counter-argument against Darwin’s version of evolutionary theory, which puts the emphasis on chance in natural selection. His treatment of machines, and particularly the relationship between man, machine, and environment in his works, attracts great critical attention in the current debate on posthuman pragmatism. The intention of this article is to show how Butler anticipates the posthumanist discourse that is characterized by the decline and deconstruction of the anthropocentric way of thinking.
Predictors of serious outcomes among patients with anaphylaxis seen in the Philippine national tertiary hospital
Authors: Tan-Lim Carol Stephanie C. , Castor Mary Anne R. , Recto Marysia Stella T. , Casis-Hao Roxanne J. , Nano Aimee Lou M. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Anaphylaxis is a severe and life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis has increased significantly in recent years.

Objective
To identify predictors of serious outcomes among patients with anaphylaxis seen in the national tertiary hospital of the Philippines from 2015 to 2019.

Methods
Data was collected retrospectively through search of the medical records section and census reports on all patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis seen at the national tertiary hospital from 2015 to 2019. The patients' clinical profile, management, and outcome were extracted. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of clinical characteristics and physicians' management with the development of serious outcomes. Variable selection procedure through backward elimination method was used to determine significant predictors of serious outcomes of anaphylaxis. Data analysis was done using Stata 14 software.

Results
There were 300 patients with anaphylaxis seen at the Philippine national tertiary hospital from 2015 to 2019. Of the 300 patients, 179 were female (57.9%). The median age of the patients was 26 years old, with an interquartile range of 33 years. Only 75 patients (25%) had a past history of allergic disease. Majority of the patients (70%) had comorbidities. Drugs were the most common trigger of anaphylaxis (81.3%). Antibiotics were the most common type of drugs implicated (27%). Serious outcomes were noted in a total of 31 patients (10.3%). The significant predictors of serious outcomes in anaphylaxis are age (p = 0.034) and cofactors including use of beta-blockers and presence of acute infection (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In the Philippine national tertiary hospital, the incidence of anaphylaxis increased by 240% in the past decade. Predictors of serious outcome in anaphylaxis include increased age and presence of cofactors such as beta-blocker use and presence of acute infection.
Differential Expression of Cyclin D1 in Breast Papillary Carcinomas and Benign Papillomas
Authors: Saddik M. , Lai R. , Medeiros L. J. , McCourty A. , Brynes R. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectives.—Distinguishing intraductal papilloma from papillary carcinoma of the breast can be difficult using histologic criteria. Since cyclin D1, a G1 cell-cycle regulatory protein, is detectable immunohistochemically in a subset of breast carcinomas but not in benign breast tissues, we hypothesized that cyclin D1 immunoreactivity may be a marker for identifying papillary carcinoma.Methods.—Using an immunohistochemical method, we assessed for cyclin D1 expression in 8 breast papillomas and 6 papillary carcinomas, all of which were formalin fixed, routinely processed, and paraffin embedded. Cyclin D1 positivity also was compared with the overall proliferation rate, which was assessed by using the proliferation marker Ki-67. In each case, a 200-cell count was performed to obtain the percentage of cells positive for these 2 markers.Results.—The percentage of cyclin D1–positive cells was significantly higher in papillary carcinomas (89% ± 18%; range, 53%–98%) than in papillomas (8% ± 7%; range, 0%–19%). This difference was highly statistically significant (P &lt; .0001). Although the difference in Ki-67 positivity between these 2 groups was also statistically significant (P = .01), separation of papillary carcinomas and papillomas by Ki-67 immunoreactivity was less clear because of overlapping values between groups: 13% ± 6%; range, 9% to 23% for papillary carcinomas versus 8% ± 2%; range, 6% to 12% for papillomas.Conclusions.—These results support the notion that cyclin D1 is a useful marker for distinguishing breast papillomas from papillary carcinomas. The marker Ki-67 is also helpful, but is less useful than cyclin D1, owing to the overlap in Ki-67 results in papillomas and papillary carcinomas.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and JC Virus Genotypes in West African Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Chima Sylvester C. , Agostini Hansjürgen T. , Ryschkewitsch Caroline F. , Lucas Sebastian B. , Stoner Gerald L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective—Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by polyomavirus JC in immunosuppressed patients. JC virus genotypes are identified by sequence analysis of the viral genome. Despite the prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa, few cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy have been reported from this region. Here we describe 4 African cases and provide an analysis of viral genotypes.
Methods.—Immunohistochemical staining by labeled streptavidin-biotin for capsid protein antigen was performed on all cases. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of viral genomic DNA was followed by direct cycle sequencing.
Results.—JC virus type 3 was identified in 2 cases, and type 6 was isolated in 1 case. The viral regulatory region from 1 case showed an uncommon rearrangement pattern.
Conclusions.—Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in West African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by African genotypes of JC virus (types 3 and 6). The prevalence of disease in this autopsy series from sub-Saharan Africa (1.5%) was less than has been reported from Europe and the United States (4% to 10%) and may be partly due to biological differences in JC virus genotypes. Further studies will be needed to confirm this observation.
p53 Immunolocalization in Cell Block Preparations of Squamous Lesions of the Neck: An Adjunct to Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Malignancy
Authors: Khurana Kamal K. , Ramzy Ibrahim , Truong Luan D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, with consequent nuclear p53 protein accumulation, are among the most common genetic abnormalities in human cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of p53 immunostaining as an adjunct to the diagnosis of malignancy in fine-needle aspirations of squamous lesions of the neck.
Materials and Methods.—Using a monoclonal antibody to the p53 protein and a standard avidin-biotin complex technique, immunostaining was performed on paraffin-embedded cell blocks of 20 cases with the following cytologic diagnoses: (1) metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (7 cases); (2) atypical squamous cells, SCC cannot be excluded (7 cases); and (3) cytologic findings consistent with branchial cleft cyst (6 cases). Tissue or clinical follow-up was available in all cases.
Results.—Five (71%) of 7 cases with an unequivocal cytologic diagnosis of metastatic SCC were positive for p53 protein. Tissue follow-up confirmed metastatic SCC in all of these 7 cases. Of the 7 cases with cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells, 2 were negative and 5 (71%) were positive for p53 protein. Subsequent excisional biopsies in these cases revealed metastatic SCC (6 cases) and branchial cleft cyst (1 case). The squamous cells in all 5 cases with cytologic findings consistent with branchial cleft cyst were negative for p53 protein; tissue follow-up confirmed the diagnoses of branchial cleft cyst in 4 cases. In the remaining 2 cases excision was not performed, as the cystic lesion was completely decompressed and, clinically, no recurrences were identified at 14 and 8 months of follow-up.
Conclusions.—Our findings suggest that p53 immunostaining is helpful in differentiating benign and malignant squamous lesions. While negative staining for p53 does not exclude malignancy, positive immunostaining may aid in accurate fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of malignancy in cytomorphologically equivocal squamous lesions of the neck.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' Expectations for Transfusion Medicine in Health Care Organizations
Authors: Belanger Anne C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' standards related to transfusion medicine found in its hospital, laboratory, and home care accreditation manuals. Hospital standards focus on the review and evaluation of the entire transfusion process from the order through the outcome to the patient, with special attention to the blood use review process. Laboratory standards provide the structure for the detailed review of the technical procedures and practices for collecting, processing, storing, testing, and transporting blood products. Home care standards relate to policies and procedures, infection control practices, education of the patient and family, and monitoring of adverse events and complications for transfusions of blood products performed in the home.
Blood Safety: The Food and Drug Administration's Role
Authors: Gustafson Mary 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The federal government has a role in protecting consumers from threats to the blood supply. These threats range from the residual risks of known infection, to emerging infections that may contaminate the blood supply, to complacency in the area of adherence to product standards and Current Good Manufacturing Practices. The Food and Drug Administration is tasked with oversight of the safety of the nation's blood supply. The Food and Drug Administration's regulation of blood and blood components includes preapproval for products entering interstate commerce and adherence to Current Good Manufacturing Practices for all blood components. Oversight for Current Good Manufacturing Practices compliance includes inspection and reporting requirements. These regulatory programs are coupled with the Public Health Service's ongoing research and epidemiological surveillance. The goals of these programs are to prevent another infectious disease epidemic from infecting the blood supply as did the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the early 1980s and to further improve blood safety.
Neuropathology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection
Authors: Kibayashi Kazuhiko , Ng’walali Paul M. , Mbonde Martin P. , Makata Ahmed M. , Mwakagile Davis , Harada Shinji , Kitinya James N. , Tsunenari Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—In sub-Saharan Africa, only a few studies of neurologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection have been done. The authors studied neuropathology of HIV-1 infection in Tanzania.
Design.—Forensic autopsy study at Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Setting.—A joint research project between Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Kumamoto, Japan.
Patients.—Thirty patients with risk factors for HIV-1 infection.
Main Outcome Measures.—Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection was evaluated by HIV-1 antibody test on postmortem serum samples. The brains of HIV-1–infected persons were studied histopathologically.
Results.—Infection with HIV-1 was identified on postmortem serum samples in 10 of 30 forensic autopsy cases. Neuropathologic changes of the brain were observed in 8 of the 10 HIV-1–infected persons; these changes consisted of lymphocytic meningitis, bacterial meningoencephalitis, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, tuberculous meningitis with brain abscesses, and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Conclusions.—Because none of the persons studied was suspected to have had brain diseases before autopsy, the results suggest that brain diseases of HIV-1–infected patients are likely to go unrecognized in Tanzania. In addition, the high incidence of neuropathologic findings in HIV-1–infected persons indicates that HIV-1–related brain diseases are common in Tanzania, as they are in developed countries. Further forensic autopsy study will determine the range and prevalence of brain complications and have immediate impact on the management of HIV-1–infected patients in Tanzania and other developing countries.
Morphology and Other Prognostic Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chedid Antonio , Ryan Louise M. , Dayal Yogeshwar , Wolf Barbara C. , Falkson Geoffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignancy found worldwide that has typically poor prognosis despite treatment. Although several studies have dealt with prognostic factors, just a few detailed analyses of large series correlating the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma with prognosis are available. The present study was undertaken to address this limitation.
Patients and Methods.—Our prior clinical study described 432 patients, but sufficient tissue was available for evaluation in only 299 patients. Of these, 224 samples contained primary hepatocellular carcinoma, while the remainder contained only metastatic tumor. Characteristics evaluated included degree of tumor differentiation, associated cirrhosis or hepatitis, presence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and blood vessel invasion by the neoplasm.
Results.—Of the 224 patients, 71% were male, 65% white, and 73% over the age of 45 years. Ninety-one percent were from North America. A total of 42 patients were found to have cirrhosis. Thirty-five percent had cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and 25% showed evidence of blood vessel invasion. Tumor response rates (tumor shrinkage) were low (8%) regardless of treatment. Presence of cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies and blood vessel invasion were not associated with increased survival. Some histopathologies (pelioid, spindle cell, fibrolamellar) were associated with a better prognosis. Patients with a predominant trabecular pattern (43%) did particularly poorly. Although sex was significantly associated with survival using a univariate analysis, this effect disappeared in a multivariate Cox model that adjusted simultaneously for other factors.
Conclusion.—This investigation suggests that histologic subtype and clinical features may provide useful prognostic information in hepatocellular carcinoma. Poorer survival was observed in males, older patients with poorly differentiated tumors, or when associated with cirrhosis. Age younger than 45 years was a good prognostic factor, and presence of cirrhosis had an adverse effect on survival.
Errors in Transfusion Medicine: Scope of the Problem
Authors: Linden Jeanne V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Error is ubiquitous whenever humans are involved in a process. Fortunately, most transfusion-related errors are benign. However, the risk of death due to acute hemolytic transfusion reaction rivals that of human immunodeficiency virus transmission and administration of the wrong blood or of blood to the wrong recipient has occurred at many facilities. Most blood misadministration errors are caused by failure to identify the recipient and blood unit adequately, although phlebotomy errors and blood bank errors also contribute. Many errors are multifactorial and may reflect underlying systems defects. Noncompliant specimen labels may be a cue to an increased risk of phlebotomy error. Autologous blood is not immune from error and poses infectious disease risks as well as the risk of hemolytic transfusion reaction; also, perioperatively recovered blood may pose a risk of air embolism if improperly handled.
The Quality Systems Approach
Authors: Nevalainen David E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Health care as an industry is going through an evolution similar to that experienced by manufacturing and other service sectors of the world economy. When competition threatens, the traditional management approach is slash-and-burn to manage costs. This approach affects people, services, and facilities. When the slash-and-burn method runs out of fuel, organizations start to merge, thinking that bigger is better. Just getting bigger only looks like change, with a new cast of fewer people and organizational structure. The root cause for existing problems has not been fixed. The only real solution, as manufacturing and services learned, is to understand and improve work processes to ensure that the right work is being done in a high-quality manner and at a competitive price. The era of quality systems is just dawning in health care. The focus must remain on quality patient outcomes at a competitive price by improving supporting systems and processes to accomplish these goals.
Process Improvement in Transfusion Medicine: One Blood Center's Approach
Authors: Kopko Patricia M. , Holland Paul V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ongoing efforts to decrease costs in the clinical laboratory make continuous process improvement especially important in difficult economic times. Process improvement can result in decreased workload, cost savings, and increased customer satisfaction but is an abstract concept in and of itself. To illustrate the steps of process improvement, we applied them to our blood component retrieval policy. By identifying the problems with the current system, proposing and implementing solutions, and measuring the effects before and after revamping the process, we have been able to show impressive reductions in the number of component retrievals initiated, the number acted on, wasted components, and customer complaints, all of which translate into cost savings. Once the cycle is completed, it begins anew. There must always be continuous process improvement.
Handling Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Cibull Michael L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the “state of practice” with regard to sentinel lymph node biopsy, a new and evolving technique currently used most commonly for staging of malignant melanoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has the potential to both increase the accuracy of lymph node sampling as a prognostic tool and to decrease the need for unnecessary and morbid extensive lymph node dissection in such patients. The need for close cooperation and planning involving the surgeon and pathologist is stressed, and gross room tissue handling, radiation safety, microscopic examination, and the use of ancillary diagnostic techniques are discussed.
Spherulosis of the Breast
Authors: Mooney Eoghan E. , Kayani Naila , Tavassoli Fattaneh A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Collagenous spherulosis of the breast is an uncommon localized pattern of basement membrane material deposition that may be mistaken for atypical proliferations or carcinoma. This report describes 9 cases in which the predominant or exclusive appearance of the spherules was basophilic instead of eosinophilic.
Design.—The files of all cases of collagenous spherulosis diagnosed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were reviewed to ascertain the frequency of diagnosis.
Results.—Spherulosis with a predominantly basophilic pattern had a histochemical and immunohistochemical profile similar to collagenous spherulosis and was associated with more collagenous-appearing forms in 7 of 9 cases. Review of 81 cases showed that collagenous spherulosis was correctly diagnosed in 15% of referrals and was mistaken for intraductal or invasive carcinoma in 11% of cases.
Conclusions.—Mucinous and collagenous patterns appear to be related forms of spherulosis. They are underrecognized by pathologists and maybe mistaken for atypia or malignancy.