bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-mediated inhibition of AMPK coordinates tissue-specific downregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism in hypoxic naked mole-rats
Authors: Hadj-Moussa Hanane , Chiasson Sarah , Cheng Hang , Eaton Liam , Storey Kenneth B. , Pamenter Matthew E. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Naked mole-rats reduce their metabolic requirements to tolerate severe hypoxia. However, the regulatory mechanisms that underpin this metabolic suppression have yet to be elucidated. 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular ‘master’ energy effector and we hypothesized that alterations in the AMPK pathway contribute to metabolic reorganization in hypoxic naked mole-rat skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, we exposed naked mole-rats to 4 h of normoxia (21% O2) or severe hypoxia (3% O2), while indirectly measuring whole-animal metabolic rate and fuel preference. We then isolated skeletal muscle and assessed protein expression and post-translational modification of AMPK, and downstream changes in key glucose and fatty acid metabolic proteins mediated by AMPK, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1), glycogen synthase (GS) and glucose transporters (GLUTs) 1 and 4. We found that in hypoxic naked mole-rats (1) metabolic rate decreased ∼80% and fuel use switched to carbohydrates, and that (2) levels of activated phosphorylated AMPK and GS, and GLUT4 expression were downregulated in skeletal muscle, while ACC1 was unchanged. To explore the regulatory mechanism underlying this hypometabolic state, we used RT-qPCR to examine 55 AMPK-associated microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short non-coding RNA post-transcriptional silencers. We identified changes in 10 miRNAs (three upregulated and seven downregulated) implicated in AMPK downregulation. Our results suggest that miRNAs and post-translational mechanisms coordinately reduce AMPK activity and downregulate metabolism in naked mole-rat skeletal muscle during severe hypoxia. This novel mechanism may support tissue-specific prioritization of energy for more essential organs in hypoxia.
Self-reported COVID-19 among physicians: An Egyptian online study during the pandemic
Authors: Abou-ElWafa Hala Samir , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , Albadry Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Background: COVID-19 causes a critical occupational risk to frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) who respond to the pandemic, as they are placed in environments with an increased risk of infection exposure. It is a public health priority to understand how transmission occurs to protect this vulnerable group of HCWs. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence of self-reported COVID-19 infection among physicians and its possible associated factors. Methods: An online national survey using Survey Monkey was initiated to collect sociodemographic e.g. age and sex, occupational e.g. place and duration of work, and clinical data e.g. COVID symptoms and laboratory investigations, and to describe affected physicians' diagnoses. Results: The self-reported incidence of COVID-19 infection was found to be 65.4% among studied physicians. The significant independent predictors of COVID-19 infection were smoking, working as a frontline physician, having contact with a COVID-19 case, and working for less than ten years [ARR (95% CI): 3.0(1.6-5.7), 2.3(1.4-3.8), 2.1(1.2-3.6), and 1.8(1.2-2.9); respectively]. Conclusions: The incidence of COVID-19 infection among Egyptian physicians is relatively high. Smoking, being a frontline physician, having contact with a COVID-19 case, and working for less than 10 years are all factors associated with an increased risk of infection. There should be strict application of preventive measures, periodic screening for COVID-19 for early detection and isolation of infected HCWs together with effective vaccination.
Anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of male university cricket club players in accordance to player position and height categories
Authors: Noorbhai Habib , Khumalo Andrew 
Published: August 2021

Background: The scientific research into the varied factors that influence cricket performance has become a focal area for overall improved performance. Although there has been documented evidence for both anthropometry and physical fitness among elite cricketers, there is a paucity of evidence among the club cricket cohort. This pilot study aims to evaluate the anthropometric and fitness measurements among a pilot sample of university club cricketers (n = 17; 9 batsmen and 8 bowlers) in South Africa. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from the university’s male first cricket team of the 2019/2020 season. The data included both anthropometric (height, body mass, and body mass index) and physical fitness (explosive power, strength, Yo-Yo, speed and agility) parameters. The results exhibited for every parameter were presented according to height categories and player positions (batsman and bowler). Student t-tests were performed to determine the differences between fitness and anthropometric variables among both height categories and player positions. All data were analysed using SPSS (Version 26, IBM). The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The results indicated significant differences for height categories with regards to stature (p = 0.000) and agility (p = 0.03). Significant differences were also evident for different player positions with regards to body fat percentage (p = 0.02) and vertical jump distance (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study indicated that cricketers who are shorter in stature are less superior with regards to anthropometric and fitness capabilities than their taller counterparts. In addition to being aware of the variances that exist for anthropometry, stature and fitness among cricketers at any level; this study provides implications for both coaches and sports scientists at the club level (under-researched level) in terms of how this can translate to player performances in accordance to height categories and player positions.
TINDAKAN SOSIAL TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL AKU MASENJA KARYA RUMASI PASARIBU: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Lestari Wijayanti Dwi , Pramono Dedi 
Published: August 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of one’s actions in dealing with problem in everyday life, including the social life of the main character in the novel. This research aims to determine the forms of social behavior of the main character in the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. Social behavior theory refers to the theory social behavior from a male expert from Germany named Maximilian Weber or often called Max Weber. The research subject used is the novel Aku Masenjaby Rumasi Pasaribu. The object this research is the social behavior of the main character based on Max Weber’s theory. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data analysis technique uses the reading technique and the note taking technique. Then the results of the data analysis are presented in descriptive form. The results of this study indicate that the dominant form of social behavior that often appears in Aku Masenja is affective social behavior in the form of falling in love, anger, sadness, and suprise. While other actions such as behavior of instrumental rationality in the form of making decision, the desire to make parents happy, and the desire to protect students who are affected by the problem of values rationality behavior in the form moral values and religious values, tradisional behavior in the form of Pasemah community groups, the customs of a tribe in Bengkulu, the use of regional languages only a few forms appear.
Dialysis patients have comparable results to patients who have received kidney transplant after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chou Te-Feng Arthur , Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: August 2021

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have inferior outcomes after hip and knee total joint arthroplasty (TJA), with higher risk for surgical site complications (SSC) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding outcomes after hip and knee TJA in ESRD patients who have received dialysis or a kidney transplant (KT) using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and Embase in order to: (1) determine the mortality and infection rate of TJA in patients receiving dialysis or KT and (2) to identify risk factors associated with the outcome. We included 22 studies and 9384 patients (dialysis, n = 8921, KT, n = 463). The overall mortality rate was 14.9% and was slightly higher in KT patients (dialysis vs. KT, 13.8% vs. 15.8%). The overall SSC rate was 3.4%, while dialysis and KT patients each had an incidence of 3.3% and 3.6%, respectively. For PJI, the overall rate was 3.9%, while the incidence for dialysis patients was 4.0% and for KT patients was 3.7%. Using multi-regression analysis, age, sex, the type of arthroplasty (knee or hip) performed, and the form of renal replacement therapy (dialysis or KT) were not significant risk factors. In patients on dialysis or who had received a KT, TJA is associated with a slight increase in mortality, SSC and PJI rates. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:618-628. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200116
Aspiration or arthrotomy for paediatric septic arthritis of the shoulder and elbow: a systematic review
Authors: Spaans Anne J. , Donders C.M. (Lilian) , Bessems J.H.J.M. (Gert) , van Bergen Christiaan J.A. 
Published: August 2021

Upper extremity arthritis in children can be treated with joint aspiration, arthroscopy or arthrotomy, followed by antibiotics. The literature seems inconclusive with respect to the optimal drainage technique. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to identify the most effective drainage technique for septic arthritis of the upper extremity in children. Two independent investigators systematically searched the electronic MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for original articles that reported outcomes of aspiration, arthroscopy or arthrotomy for septic arthritis of the paediatric shoulder or elbow. Outcome parameters were clinical improvement, need for repetitive surgery or drainage, and complications. Out of 2428 articles, seven studies with a total of 171 patients treated by aspiration or arthrotomy were included in the systematic review. Five studies reported on shoulder septic arthritis, one study on elbow septic arthritis, and one study on both joints. All studies were retrospective, except for one randomized prospective study. No difference was found between type of treatment and radiological or clinical outcomes. Aspiration of the shoulder or elbow joint required an additional procedure in 44% of patients, while arthrotomy required 12% additional procedures. Conclusion: Both aspiration and arthrotomy can achieve good clinical results in children with septic arthritis of the shoulder or elbow joint. However, the scientific quality of the included studies is low. It seems that the first procedure can be aspiration and washout and start of intravenous antibiotics, knowing that aspiration may have a higher risk of additional drainage procedures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:651-657. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200122
High-resolution micro-optical accelerometer with an electromagnetic driver: design and analysis
Authors: Gao Shan , Zhou Zhen , Huang Zhuang , Feng Lishuang 
Published: August 2021

Optical displacement detection is widely used in various micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors because of its high sensitivity. The optical accelerometer has a high theoretical resolution. However, due to the small working range of optical detection, the open-loop measuring range of a high-resolution optical accelerometer is usually only tens to hundreds of milligrams. To increase the measurement range, we propose a high-resolution micro-optical accelerometer with electromagnetic force feedback. The optical principle, mechanical structure, and manufacturing process are analyzed. The accelerometer is predicted to work in the first modal with displacement sensitivity at 2.56 µm/g, corresponding to 0th diffraction beam optical sensitivity 1.93%/nm. The designed electromagnetic driver can increase the acceleration measurement range from 0.012 to

±
20

g

. These results provide a theoretical basis for the design and fabrication of a high-resolution micro-optical accelerometer with an electromagnetic driver. The electromagnetic drive scheme introduced effectively improves the dynamic range of high-precision optical accelerometers and can be applied to other optical MEMS sensors.
Ge2Sb2Te5-based reconfigurable metasurface for polarization-insensitive, full-azimuth, and switchable cloaking
Authors: Tian Ximin , Xu Junwei , Xu Kun , Ding Pei , Li Zhi-Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Electromagnetic (EM) metasurface mantles afford an alternative avenue, allowing for the possibility of rendering arbitrary-shape objects unobservable. But the available mechanisms either depend on the states of polarization or the azimuth of wave incidence, or cannot dynamically manipulate cloaking responses without altering the structures. Herein, a three-dimensional closed-ring-based metasurface carpet cloak involving

G

e

2

S

b

2

T

e

5

that circumvents current drawbacks of metasurface structures is proposed. By judiciously designing meta-atoms on the external surface of a spherical object, the scattered wavefront, including the distributions of EM fields and polarizations, can be reconstructed, resembling what is deflected from a flat plane. Enabled by the perfectly symmetric distribution of meta-atoms, the carpet cloak is demonstrated to work well under arbitrary states of polarization and arbitrary azimuthal angles of incident light. Meanwhile, by converting

G

e

2

S

b

2

T

e

5

from the amorphous to crystalline state, the designed scheme is empowered with the ability to switch “ON” and “OFF” of stealth states. Furthermore, the unique design achieves invisibility over

±
20

∘

angular span in the mid-infrared range from 8800 to 9450 nm. The validated recipe empowers robust steps forward to achieve full-polarization, full-azimuth operation, and switchable cloaking in the real-world, showing great potential applications in stealth, camouflage, and illusion fields.
Rectangular single-mode polymer optical fiber for femtosecond laser inscription of FBGs
Authors: Dash Jitendra Narayan , Cheng Xin , Gunawardena Dinusha Serandi , Tam Hwa-Yaw 
Published: August 2021

In this study, a novel rectangular polymer single-mode optical fiber for femtosecond (fs) laser-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed and demonstrated. The cylindrical geometry of the widely used circular fiber elongates the fs laser beam along the fiber axis, resulting in reduced laser intensity and requiring index-matching oil immersion during FBG inscription. However, the flat geometry and negligible surface roughness of the featured fiber significantly diminish this lensing distortion and eliminate the need for oil immersion, thereby resulting in optimal focusing of the laser beam, permitting direct and efficient inscription of FBGs within the optical fiber. The core and cladding of the rectangular fiber were fabricated using two different grades of ZEONEX, a cyclo olefin polymer, which have slightly different refractive indices. The similar glass transition temperature for core and cladding simplifies the fiber drawing process, and a rectangular single-mode optical fiber with dimensions of

213

μm
×
160

μm

and core diameter of 9.4 μm was fabricated using an in-house fiber drawing facility. A second harmonic (520 nm) fs laser beam was used to successfully inscribe a 2-mm-long FBG in the rectangular fiber within a few seconds with a point-by-point technique. The inscription of a single FBG leads to the excitation of higher order FBG peaks at 866.8 and 1511.3 nm, corresponding to widely used wavelength bands in fiber optic sensing. The strain and temperature sensitivities of the FBG were measured to be

7.31

nm/
%
ε

(

0.731
pm
/
με

) and 10 pm/°C, and

12.95

nm
/
%
ε

(

1.29

pm
/
με

) and 15 pm/°C at 866.8 nm and 1511.3 nm, respectively.
Rushing for Gold: Life and Commerce on the Goldfields of New Zealand and Australia, Lloyd Carpenter and Lyndon Fraser (eds) (2016)
Authors: Sedgwick Laura 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Rushing for Gold: Life and Commerce on the Goldfields of New Zealand and Australia, Lloyd Carpenter and Lyndon Fraser (eds) (2016)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 344 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 87757 854 0 (pbk), NZ$45
The New Biological Economy: How New Zealanders Are Creating Value from the Land, Eric Pawson and the Biological Economies Team (2018)
Authors: Pittaway Gail 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The New Biological Economy: How New Zealanders Are Creating Value from the Land, Eric Pawson and the Biological Economies Team (2018)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 304 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 888 6 (pbk), NZ$45
Saints and Stirrers: Christianity, Conflict, and Peacemaking in New Zealand, 1814–1945, Geoffrey Troughton (ed.) (2017)
Authors: Prior Martin 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Saints and Stirrers: Christianity, Conflict, and Peacemaking in New Zealand, 1814–1945, Geoffrey Troughton (ed.) (2017)
Wellington: Victoria University Press, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 77656 164 3 (pbk), NZ$40

Pursuing Peace in Godzone: Christianity and the Peace Tradition in New Zealand, Geoffrey Troughton and Philip Fountain (eds) (2018)
Wellington: Victoria University Press, 272 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 77656 182 7 (pbk), NZ$40
The World’s Din: Listening to Records, Radio and Films in New Zealand, 1880–1940, Peter Hoar (2018)
Authors: Sigley Simon 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The World’s Din: Listening to Records, Radio and Films in New Zealand, 1880–1940, Peter Hoar (2018)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98853 119 9 (pbk), NZ$45
Trophies, Relics and Curios? Missionary Heritage from Africa and the Pacific, Karen Jacobs, Chantal Knowles and Chris Wingfield (eds) (2015)
Authors: Renard Lisa 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Trophies, Relics and Curios? Missionary Heritage from Africa and the Pacific, Karen Jacobs, Chantal Knowles and Chris Wingfield (eds) (2015)
Leiden: Sidestone Press, 220 pp.,
ISBN 978 9 08890 271 0 (pbk), €34.95
Управление отходами в контексте перехода к циркулярной экономике: кейс Казахстана
Authors: Lygina Olga , Urazgaliyeva Marzhan , Kalaganova Nursulu , Rykova Irina 
Published: August 2021

Цель работы: Переосмыслить концепцию управления отходами в контексте перехода к циркулярной экономике, дать оценку, установить особенности и определить направления апробации зарубежного опыта в сфере управления отходами в Казахстане. Дизайн/Метод/Подход исследования: Теоретический подход основан на обобщении существующих исследований, на материалах контент-анализа существующих современных источников в области циркулярной экономики. Исследование проведено путем отбора, систематизации фактов и данных, абстрагирования, обобщения для выявления проблем переработки отходов в Казахстане и поиска их решения. Результаты исследования: Система управления отходами является одним из условий реализации «зеленой экономики», что обусловлено недостаточной степенью развитости практических подходов к теме переработки отходов производства и потребления. Одним из движущих факторов, способствующих эффективности функционирования системы управления отходами, является осознание и понимание теоретико-практической сущности и целей «зеленых» категорий, таких как циркулярная модель производства, технологии переработки, инструменты финансирования и пр. Все это направлено на разрешение проблем, связанных с загрязнением окружающей среды. Основными факторами, препятствующими развитию системы управления отходами, являются в большей степени внутренние факторы, в том числе личностные. Теоретическая ценность исследования: Обосновано, что в Казахстане необходимо полное формирование системы управления отходами с учетом возможности использования мирового опыта и совершенствования практики действующего рынка сбыта вторичных ресурсов. Кроме того рассмотрен вопрос актуализации деятельности информационных компаний по привлечению общественного внимания к этой проблеме. Практическое значение исследования: Достигнутые результаты могут быть использованы в различных регионах Казахстана для привлечения внимания местных представительных органов, общественности на проблему управления отходами, являющуюся одной из важных составляющих циркулярной экономики в контексте развития «зеленой экономики». Социальные последствия: Достижение определенных результатов в области рационального и эффективного управления отходами приводит к минимизации их отрицательного влияния на окружающую среду. Оригинальность/Ценность исследования: Оригинальность статьи состоит в том, что в ней более системно рассматриваются проблемы слабого функционирования системы управления отходами на сегодняшний день. Ограничения исследования/Перспективы дальнейших исследований: Перспективы дальнейших исследований связаны с продолжением анализа проблем формирования системы управления отходами и поиска путей их решения. Тип статьи: Теоретический.
Посівна якість насіння Pinus sylvestris L. у насадженнях західного регіону України
Authors: Debryniuk Iurii , Veremchuk Yuriy 
Published: August 2021

Вивчено посівні якості однорідних партій насіння Pinus sylvestris L.– чистоту, масу 1000 насінин, енергію проростання, схожість, зараження фітопатогенами за результатами аналізу середніх зразків ВП «Львівська лісонасіннєва лабораторія» впродовж 2010-2020 років.
Встановлено, що у лісових насадженнях західного регіону посівні якості насіння сосни звичайної загалом є високими. Впродовж вказаного періоду лабораторія здійснила аналіз середніх зразків, які репрезентують 488 однорідні партії насіння Pinus sylvestris за їхньої загальної маси 6,4 т. Кожного року в середньому формувалось 41-45 однорідних партій насіння за середньої маси 12,2-14,1 кг.
Однорідні партії насіння сосни характеризуються високим показником чистоти (Хmid = 96-96,5%) за мінімальних значень окремих варіант 90,5-91,0%.
Середні значення маси 1000 насінин залишаються досить високими і дуже подібними (7,0-7,1 г) за мінімальних значень окремих варіант 5,1-5,9 і максимальних – 8,4-9,0 г. Середнє значення енергії проростання насіння Pinus sylvestris становить 69,1-77,2%, однак у всіх випадках спостережено значну мінливість ознаки, що свідчить про неоднорідність насінного матеріалу внаслідок його заготівлі на різних лісонасінних об’єктах, різних термінів його зберігання та різної технології переробки. Середнє значення технічної схожості насіння сосни звичайної становить 86,3-90,9% з наявністю чіткої тенденції до підвищення схожості впродовж останніх чотирьох років.
Залежності між показниками маси 1000 насінин та їхньою схожістю не встановлено: низька схожість може бути властива як дрібному, так і великому за розмірами насінню. Лише для насіння зі схожістю 85% найбільша кількість проб у 1000 насінин має масу більше 7 грам.
Серед 488 однорідних партій насіння I, II, III класів якості розподіляється наступним чином: 37, 50 і 11%; некондиційне насіння серед досліджених однорідних партій займає лише 2%.