bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Assurance in Deep-Water Gas Pipelines: Locating Hydrate Plugging Position in a Fast Way
Authors: Yu Jing , Hui Cheng , Sun Chao Wen , Zou Zhan Ling , Zhuo Bin Lu , Chang Long , Liu Li , Wang Yuan Zhi , Zhang Bo Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hydrate-associated issues are of great significance to the oil and gas sector when advancing the development of offshore reservoir. Gas hydrate is easy to form under the condition featuring depressed temperature and elevated pressure within deep-water gas pipeline. Once hydrate deposition is formed within the pipelines, the energy transmission efficiency will be greatly reduced.
An accurate prediction of hydrate-obstruction-development behavior will assist flow-assurance engineers to cultivate resource-conserving and environment-friendly strategies for managing hydrate. Based on the long-distance transportation characteristics of deep-water gas pipeline, a quantitative prediction method is expected to explain the hydrate-obstruction-formation behavior in deep-water gas pipeline throughout the production of deep-water gas well. Through a deep analysis of the features of hydrate shaping and precipitation at various locations inside the system, the advised method can quantitatively foresee the dangerous position and intensity of hydrate obstruction. The time from the start of production to the dramatic change of pressure drop brought about by the deposition of hydrate attached to the pipe wall is defined as the Hydrate Plugging Alarm Window (HPAW), which provides guidance for the subsequent hydrate treatment.
Case study of deep-water gas pipeline constructed in the South China Sea is performed with the advised method. The simulation outcomes show that hydrates shape and deposit along pipe wall, constructing an endlessly and inconsistently developing hydrate layer, which restricts the pipe, raises the pressure drop, and ultimately leads to obstruction. At the area of 700m-3200m away from the pipeline inlet, the hydrate layer develops all the more swiftly, which points to the region of high risk of obstruction. As the gas-flow rate increases, the period needed for the system to shape hydrate obstruction becomes less. The narrower the internal diameter of the pipeline is, the more severe risk of hydrate obstruction will occur. The HPAW is 100 days under the case conditions. As the concentration of hydrate inhibitor rises, the region inside the system that tallies with the hydrate phase equilibrium conditions progressively reduces and the hydrate deposition rate slows down.
The advised method will support operators to define the location of hydrate inhibitor injection within a shorter period in comparison to the conventional method. This work will deliver key instructions for locating the hydrate plugging position in a fast way in addition to solving the problem of hydrate flow assurance in deep-water gas pipelines at a reduced cost.
Pseudo Dry Gas Technology: Pathway to Decarbonisation of Energy Consumption for Remote Offshore Gas Fields
Authors: Ngo Tran Nguyet , Thomas Lee , Raghavendra Kavitha , Wood Terry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Transporting large volumes of gas over long distances from further and deeper waters remains a significant challenge in making remote offshore gas field developments technologically and economically viable. The conventional development options include subsea compression, floating topside with topside compression and pipeline tie-back to shore, or floating liquefied natural gas vessels. However, these options are CAPEX and OPEX intensive and require high energy consumption. Demand for a lower emission solution is increasingly seen as the growing trend of global energy transition.
Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) technology is being developed by Intecsea, Worley Group and The Oil & Gas Technology Centre (Aberdeen) and tested in collaboration with Cranfield University. This is applied to develop stranded or remote gas reserves by removing fluids at the earliest point of accumulation at multiple locations, resulting in near dry gas performance. This technology aims to solve liquid management issues and subsequently allows for energy efficient transportation of the subsea gas enabling dramatic reductions in emissions. The PDG prototype tested using the Flow Loop facilities at Cranfield University has demonstrated the concept’s feasibility. Due to a greater amount of gas recovered with a much lower power requirement, the CO2 emissions per ton of gas produced via the PDG concept is by an order of magnitude lower than conventional methods. This study showed a reduction of 65% to 80% against standard and alternative near future development options.
The paper considers innovative technology and a value proposition for the Pseudo Dry Gas concept based on a benchmarked study of a remote offshore gas field. The basin was located in 2000m of water depth, with a 200km long subsea tie-back. To date the longest tieback studied was 350km. It focused on energy consumption and carbon emission aspects. The conclusion is that decarbonisation of energy consumption is technically possible and can be deployed subsea to help meet this future challenge and push the envelope of subsea gas tie-backs.
Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
Authors: hua yinggang , liu yanling , li long , liu guoyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
P2RY1 receptor is known to cause cancer by activating the ERK signal pathway, its DNA methylation status or even the corresponding regulatory mechanism remains unknown.
Methods
In this study, DNA methylation chip was used to profile the genome-wide DNA methylation level in gastric cancer tissues. Then validated by the bioinformatics analysis in the TCGA database, Immunohistochemistry staining data obtained from the HPA database to verify the difference in protein expression between normal tissues and tumor tissues .
Results
The promoter region of P2RY1 was found to be highly methylated with 4 hypermethylated sites (|Δβ value| >0.2) in diffuse gastric cancer and the expression level of P2RY1 is relatively low compared with non-cancerous tissues. We also showed that MRS2365, a selective agonist of the P2RY1 receptor, can induce phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibit cell proliferation/migration and induce apoptosis.
Conclusion
High DNA methylation in the promoter region of P2RY1 may have contributed to the reduced expression of P2RY1’s mRNA, which is likely responsible for the “aggressive” nature of the diffuse type gastric cancer.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated New-onset Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Retrospective Analysis Using the FAERS
Authors: Lu Difei , Yao Jun , Yuan Geheng , Gao Ying , Zhang Junqing , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOur study aimed to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated primary adrenal insufficiency (ICI-PAI), and to explore the risk factors of clinical outcome using data from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsThis is a retrospective study. All cases of new-onset or newly-diagnosed primary adrenal insufficiency associated with FDA approved ICIs from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2020 were identified and collected using FAERS. Data of age, sex category, body weight of participated individuals, the reporting year and the prognosis of cases, and other accompanied endocrinopathies related to ICIs were analyzed. ResultsThe incidence of ICI-PAI was 1.03% (1180/114121). The application of the combination therapy of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 was related to higher risk of PAI compared with anti-PD-1 group (χ2=92.88, p<0.001). Male and elder individuals showed higher risk of ICI-PAI (male vs. female, 1.17% vs. 0.94%, χ2=12.55, p<0.001; age < 65 vs. ≥65, 1.20% vs. 1.41%, χ2=6.89, p=0.009). The co-occurrence rate of other endocrinopathies aside from PAI was 24.3%, which showed a higher trend in patients on nivolumab-ipilimumab treatment compared with those on PD-1 inhibitors (χ2=3.227, p=0.072). Body weight was negatively associated with the risk of death in the study population [p=0.033 for the regression model; B=-0.017, OR 0.984, 95%CI (0.969-0.998), p=0.029].ConclusionsICI-associated PAI is a rare but important irAE. Male and elder patients have higher risk of ICI-PAI. Awareness among clinicians is critical when patients with lower body weight develop PAI, which indicates poor clinical outcomes.
“Scuola Sicura”: a school screening program to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among students in Piedmont, Italy
Authors: Farina Elena , Eboli Ilenia , Spadea Teresa , Saugo Carlo , Richiardi Lorenzo , Maule Milena , Presti Pietro , Bena Antonella 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesAims of “Scuola Sicura” (SS) were to monitor the rate of COVID-19 and to contain its spread within the school population through early case isolation. We report the initial process and outcome evaluation results.DesignDescriptive study of an experimental screening testing program in children in Piedmont in the period January-March 2021. We used data from the COVID-19 platform and the Local Health Units, the archives of birth certificates (CedAP) and hospital discharge files (SDO).Setting and participantsThe screening program targeted second and third grade students in first level secondary schools. Participants were subdivided into four groups; one group each week underwent screening, yielding one test per student per month.Main outcome measuresWe calculated:1. number of positive cases detected vs. total number of students tested in the SS program;2. number of positive cases detected outside the SS program vs. total number of students in the target population.We detected the number of quarantines due to SS and no-SS case identification. To investigate the spread of COVID-19 in households, the mother-child pairs were identified through record linkage between the CedAP and SDO archives, and positive mothers were identified.ResultsSixty-nine percent of schools and 19.5% of the students participated in the program. SS detected 114 positives cases for SARS-CoV-2. On 08.03.2021, the target classes started distance learning: 69 of the 114 positive students were identified before that date, leading to the activation of 67 quarantine measures. We were able to identify the mothers of 61 out of 69 of those students (88%); 46 mothers had performed a swab test after the positivity of their child with a positive result in 11 cases. Asymptomatic cases identified at screening during in-class learning period accounted for 26.5% of the total number of cases occurred in the participating classes.ConclusionsThis is one of the few studies (and the first in Italy) to describe the functioning and predictive capacity of school screening testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a real-world situation. Our findings provide data-driven suggestions for government agencies when planning large-scale school screening testing programs.
Sugary beverage intake and genetic risk in relation to brain structure and incident dementia: evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Jie , Cao Yaying , Sun Yuhao , Huang Liyan , Ji John S. , Voortman Trudy , Vernooij Meike W. , Shen Jie , Zheng Yan , Zong Geng , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThis study investigated the relation of sugary beverage (SB) intake to brain structure and dementia risk.MethodsAmong 187,994 UK Biobank participants, intake of SBs (one unit=250 mL) and specific subtypes was assessed using repeated 24-hr dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted hazard rations (HR) was estimated for incident dementia identified through medical records and death registries.ResultsDuring 1,790,996 person-years, 1,351 dementia cases were identified. Higher intake (>2 units/d v. none) of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (HR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.13~1.92) and artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) (HR=1.41, 1.00~1.99) was associated with an elevated dementia risk. Conversely, moderate intake of natural sweet juices (NSJ) (>0 and <=1 unit/d v. none) was related to a decreased risk (HR=0.80, 0.71~0.90). The associations were consistent with related brain structural markers and modified by genetic risks (P-interaction<0.002).DiscussionThese findings underscored that SSB and ASB could be risk factors of dementia, while moderate NSJ intake could potentially reduce dementia risk.
The Chloroplast Genomes Comparative Analysis of Taihangia Rupestris and Taihangia Rupestris Var. Ciliate, Two Endangered and Endemic Cliff Plants in Taihang Mountain of China
Authors: Zheng Yan , Jiang Yuan , Miao Yujing , Feng Zhan , Zhang Min , Zhang Xinke , Zeng Tiexin , Huang Linfang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Taihangia is a native endangered cliff species that grows in the Taihang Mountains in China. The cp genomes with a whole length of 155,558 bp and 155,479 bp for Taihangia rupestris and Taihangia rupestris var. rupestris. They have 131 genes in total, covering 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA, and 4 rRNA. Analyses of codon usage, RNA-editing sites, repeat sequences, and comparison of cp genomes showed a high degree of conservation. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Taihangia are closed to the Geum. Taihangia genus was inferred to have originated at 0.2057 Mya, and Geum rupestre was inferred to have originated at 1.4431 Mya. Overall, the gene contents, gene arrangements, the types, and frequency of codon usage, repeat sequences, and SSRs are similar and highly conserved in the species of T. rupestris and T. rupestris var. ciliate. It is found that based on bioprospecting, T. rupestris and T. rupestris var. rupestris are potential medicinal resources. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of endangered medicinal resources..
Impact of Delay in Adjuvant Chemoradiation on Survival in Resected Gastric Cancer
Authors: Arora Shalabh , Sharma Atul , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Pathy Sushmita , Pramanik Raja , Deo Suryanarayana V S , Kumar Sunil , Pal Sujoy , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Shukla Nootan Kumar , Thulkar Sanjay , Raina Vinod 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdjuvant chemo(radio)therapy is known to improve survival in resected gastric cancer. However, there is scant data on the effect of delay in start of adjuvant treatment (AT) after surgery, and guidelines regarding optimal timing are mostly empirical.MethodsIn this ambispective analysis, we evaluated the survival outcome of patients who underwent upfront curative intent radical gastrectomy followed by AT at our center from 2002 through 2019. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsTwo-hundred and thirty patients (median age 53 years) with stage I-III carcinoma stomach were included. Seventy-six percent patients underwent D2 lymphadenectomy; 12% received adjuvant chemotherapy alone while 88% received chemoradiotherapy. AT was initiated at a median 42 days after surgery; 17% started within 4 weeks, 55% between 4–8 weeks, and 28% after 8 weeks. Five-year RFS and OS for full cohort were 42.3±4.2% and 63.2±4.4%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, disease stage, ECOG performance status and time to AT emerged as significant predictors of RFS and OS while extent of lymphadenectomy, number of resected lymph nodes and margin positivity did not. Initiation of AT after 8 weeks was associated with significantly worse 5-year RFS (HR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.29–4.04; p=0.005) and OS (HR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.27–5.52; p=0.010).ConclusionsDelaying AT beyond 8 weeks after radical gastrectomy may be detrimental to disease recurrence and survival in patients with gastric cancer. If patients have adequately recovered, AT should preferably be initiated within 8 weeks of surgery.
Computational Screening of Secretory Proteins With Brain-Specific Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Sumera  , Amber Sanila , Mirza Fatima Javed , Ali Amjad , Zahid Saadia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a widely spread and fatal primary brain tumor with an increased risk of relapse in spite of aggressive treatment. The current procedures for GBM diagnosis include invasive procedures i.e. resection or biopsy to acquire tumor mass. Implementation of negligibly invasive tests as potential diagnostic technique and biofluid-based monitoring of GBM emphases on discovering biomarkers in CSF and blood. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive in silico analysis to identify potential circulating biomarkers for GBM. We screened 2145 brain-specific proteins through six gene and protein databases. The screened proteins were filtered using a channel of five tools to predict the secretory proteins. The expression profile of the secreted proteins was verified and searched in literature for their relationship with GBM, keeping special emphasis on secretome proteome. The study identified nine secretory proteins i.e. OPCML, NPTX1, LGI1, CNTN2, LY6H, SLIT1, CREG2, GDF1 and SERPINI1. The results indicate that these secretory proteins with brain-specific expression are associated with several cellular and molecular pathways that might be linked with GBM pathology. We propose that these secretory proteins can serve as circulating biomarker signatures of GBM and will facilitate the development of minimally invasive diagnostic methods and novel therapeutic interventions for GBM.
How Does the Care of the Disabled Elderly Affect the Caregiver’s Subjective Well-being?evidence From China Time Use Survey
Authors: Wang Huan , Guo Xi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this research is to find a way to maintain the subjective well-being of caregivers of the disabled elderly. Ensuring proper leisure activity may become the key to solving this problem. Relying on data from the 2017 China Time Use Survey, this study finds that the care activities for the disabled elderly will reduce the caregivers’ subjective well-being through the squeeze of the caregivers’ leisure activities from the point of view of time use, and the caregivers with different individual characteristics have different impacts on the subjective well-being of feeling disabled elderly care activities. Therefore, from the perspective of time utilization, it is believed that social institutions take care of the disabled elderly, caregivers' housework activities, and improve the flexible working system, which have a positive effect on maintaining the caregivers' subjective well-being.
Explorative Investigation on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel blended with Ethanol and Hydrogen in Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine and prediction through Artificial Neural Network
Authors: V Thanigaivelan , R Lavanya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Emission from the DI diesel engine is series setback for environment viewpoint. Intended for that investigates for alternative biofuel is persuaded. The important hitches with the utilization of biofuels and their blends in DI diesel engines are higher emanations and inferior brake-thermal efficiency as associated to sole diesel fuel. In this effort, Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel, hydrogen and ethanol (BHE) mixtures remained verified in a direct-injection diesel engine with single cylinder to examine the performance and discharge features of the engine. The ethanol remained supplemented 5%, 10% and 15% correspondingly through enhanced CNSL as well as hydrogen functioned twin fuel engine. The experiments done in a direct injection diesel engine with single-cylinder at steadystate conditions above the persistent RPM (1500RPM). Throughout the experiment, emissions of pollutants such as fuel consumption rate (SFC), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and pressure of the fuel were also measured. cylinders. The experimental results show that, compared to diesel fuel, the braking heat of the biodiesel mixture is reduced by 26.79-24% and the BSFC diminutions with growing addition of ethanol from the CNSL hydrogen mixture. The BTE upsurges thru a rise in ethanol proportion with CNSL hydrogen mixtures. Finally, the optimum combination of ethanol with CNSL hydrogen blends led to the reduced levels of HC and CO emissions with trivial upsurge in exhaust gas temperature and NOx emissions. This paper reconnoiters the routine of artificial neural networks (ANN) to envisage recital, ignition and discharges effect.
Teratoid Wilms Tumor and Classical Wilms Tumor: A Retrospective Ten-year Single-center Study
Authors: wu wei , wu yibo , xu weijue , liu jiangbin , lv zhibao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal tumor in the pediatric population. Nevertheless, teratoid Wilms tumor (TWT) is a rare category of WT characterized by different tissue types, and fewer than 40 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Methods A total of 67 WT patients admitted in our hospital from 2010 to 2020, including 5 patients with TWT, were enrolled in this study. The clinical features, preoperative and postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens, intraoperative findings, histopathological information, as well as prognoses of the WT patients were evaluated. ResultsTWT cases were matched to classical WT cases at 1:3 for the comparison of various variables. 7.46% (5/67) of WT patients were diagnosed with TWT. the tumor volume was dramatically larger for patients with TWT than for those with classical WT (203.30 ± 109.89 cm3 vs. 104.30 ± 66.97 cm3). However, the tumor weight of the two groups was similar (471.00 ± 80.65 vs. 432.67 ± 109.25). ConclusionsOur data with the first reported Chinese children with TWT, preliminarily demonstrated that chemotherapy combined with surgery might be the appropriate treatment option for patients with WT, and prognoses of these patients differed sharply due to various stages. The density of TWT might be lower than that of classical WT. Future studies with more basic research to understand the biologic nature and theranostic markers of teratoid WT, may help us optimize the patient-tailored therapy of this rare type of WT.
Slope Stability Calculation Method of Highwall Mining with Open Cut Mines as an Example
Authors: Jiang Juyu , Lu Ye , Wang Dong , Han Xinping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Highwall mining machines have been used to recover retained coal at the toe of highwalls and endwalls over the past few decades. However, there has not been a universal method to evaluate the slope stability using highwall mining while maximizing the recovery rate. Based on the required service time of coal pillars, this study proposes the concept of the target time pillar strength. To obtain time-dependent parameters for the coal, time-dependent shear tests were performed on specimens from an open-cut mine in Inner Mongolia. The highwall mining length was divided into three categories based on discontinuous structural plane theory: goaf, yielding, and elastic zones. The three zones were considered to all have resistances against shear stress. The basal coal seam is likely to become weak due to weight from the overlying strata, which may change the slope failure mode from circular to sliding along the weak layer. Numerical modeling was used to study the influence of the overlying strata and target time strength on the yielding zone development at the coal pillar ribs. The coefficients of the three zones were determined and substituted into the Mohr-Coulomb equation to obtain the time-dependent shear strength parameters. Subsequently, the influence of highwall mining on the slope stability was evaluated using the rigid body-limit equilibrium method (LEM). The optimized coal pillar width is determined to maximize the recovery rate without compromising the slope stability.