bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of Acoustic and Magnetic Properties of Metals of Main Pipelines under the Influence of Cyclic Loads
Authors: Lapiga I , Schipachev A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, the assessment of the technical condition of objects taking into account the effects of variable loads is gaining popularity in the world. As a rule, such loads do not lead to simultaneous destruction of structures. Such facilities include trunk pipelines. The variable loads arising in them are determined by the technological mode of operation. For main pipelines, a low-cycle load is characteristic, for gas pipelines, a multi-cycle load. During cyclic impact on the metal, its slight damage occurs at the micro level, which is almost impossible to detect without special diagnostic methods. Microdamage in the metal accumulates in the form of microcracks and, with an increase in the number of loading cycles, the number of microcracks increases several times, which can ultimately cause macrocracks and lead to design failure. When analyzing accidents that occurred on pipelines, the fact that failure occurred without the presence of characteristic crack-like defects in the pipe wall is often noted. Thus, fatigue damage to the metal is a dangerous factor that can lead to the destruction of pipelines. Given the new trends in diagnostics, one of the key issues is the assessment of damage to prevent accidents on main pipelines. The article considers the study of the dependence of the acoustic and magnetic properties of specimens from 09G2S steel loaded in the equivalent mode of the main gas pipeline, depending on the level of accumulated damage.
Development of Methodic Approach to Formation and Selection of the «Green Belt» while Ensuring Environmental Safety of Steppe Zone Cities
Authors: Yudina N , Lysova E , Paramonova O , Samarskaya N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem - increase of ecological safety of cities due to the use of specific functions of green spaces in the formation of the «green belts». The aim of the work was to develop a technique of forming and selecting the «green belt» zones of steppe zone cities through the example of Rostov region, based on a deep situation analysis of cities’ ecological situation, selection of regional range of perennial vegetation with subsequent selection of plants with tolerance to technological area load and providing performance of certain functions (micro- and mesoclimatic, sanitary and hygiene, safety, etc.). During the studies, we were solving the issue of studying the basic principles of green belts and cores formation of the cities on the basis of analysis of known methodological approaches with further systematization of the most important criteria and development of methods applied to steppe zone cities (through the example of Rostov region). Analysis of existing methodological approaches to the formation of «green belts» of large cities allowed to reveal their advantages and disadvantages, to systematize the most important of the criteria and develop the method of forming of «green belts» of major cities of the steppe zone for Rostov region. Developed methodical approach can be adapted and refined for other physical and geographical zones of the territory of the Russian Federation.
Trends, Opportunities and Perspectives of Digital Education Development in the Global Economy
Authors: Ivanova A O , Ignatieva T A , Pilyavsky V P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the development of digital education in the global economy; special attention is paid to the problems of digitalization of the educational process under the influence of socio-economic threats on a global scale in the context of special demographic and social conditions. The article specifies the main reasons for the emergence of digitalization problems and the ways to solve them. The article substantiates the exceptional role of digital technologies in the digitalization of education, analyzes existing information technologies and highlights the main trends and prospects for their development; describes the opportunities and key challenges of digital transformation of education. The research reveals the weaknesses of the traditional education system in the context of globalization, identifies fundamentally new consumer needs in the market of educational services, and considers prospective digital systems that meet the requirements of modern society.
Predicting the Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Treatment in an Oil Field Using the Calculation of Changes in the Skin Factor and Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Krivoshchekov S N , Vyatkin K A , Ravelev K A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article provides an effectiveness assessment of the designed hydrochloric acid treatment at one of the wells of the Western field (Perm Krai). Efficiency was predicted with hydrodynamic modeling of measures to intensify the influx of oil based on a preliminary calculation of the change in the skin factor. Daccord and Lenormand’s experiments were used as the basis for improving the state of the bottomhole zone. These studies allow us to calculate the decrease in filtration resistance in the near-wellbore zone of the considered well formation. The calculation took into account key factors that affect the effectiveness of hydrochloric acid treatment. Using a hydrodynamic simulator, the procedure to stimulate oil production in the studied field is designed. Based on simulation calculations, an analysis of additional oil production was carried out in comparison with the base case for 10 years of operation of this development object. The methodology used in this work will allow oil companies to more reasonably approach the design of hydrochloric acid treatments, and also take into account key factors to find optimal solutions in order to maximize the effectiveness of measures.
Comparative Analysis of the Methods for Assessing the Thermal State of Civil Construction Facilities on the Example of Marine Stationary Platforms
Authors: Starokon I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Offshore oil, gas and other minerals are being actively developed in the world. Various hydraulic structures are used for the development of offshore fields, among which offshore fixed platforms should be singled out separately. These platforms are located in open sea areas and are exposed to heat from the sun. Solving the problem of assessing thermal effects on open metal structures of an offshore platform is important because even insignificant thermal stresses increase significantly in zones of crack-like defects, thus forming zones of local overvoltage. In addition, the determination of the temperatures of the walls of the tanks located on the platform is extremely important in determining the possibility of an outbreak of flammable liquids and other highly flammable substances. Previously, the author developed a technique that allows calculating the temperature of any cylindrical metal structures under the influence of solar radiation. In the work, the author provides a comparative analysis of his own methodology for assessing thermal effects and a method for determining the thermal state based on solving the heat balance equation. Based on the studies carried out, a conclusion is made about local overvoltages and the possibility of an outbreak of stored flammable products is assessed.
Studying Surge Phenomena by Improving the Construction of a Turbocharger Testing Bench
Authors: Kaliyev B K , Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is common knowledge that diesel engines are frequently used in agricultural processes. Uprating a diesel engine by means of turbocharging is widely used nowadays. Turbocharging easily enables the increase in the power of the engine by 10-50%. However, the turbine creating a high effectiveness of a diesel engine became an essential problem connected with the reduction of reliability of farming machinery. One of the vital issues here refers to surge phenomena in a turbocharger. Thus, in routine maintenance of turbocharged engines the stochasticity of load leads to the changes in the geometry of the pump and turbine wheels of a turbocharger. The complex work to improve the construction of the turbocharger test bench was connected with re-creating the real operational modes of a turbocharger (TCR) on the bench and studying the limits of a surge during tests.
Formation of Radioactive Waste Management System at the State Level
Authors: Baurina S B , Khudyakov S V , Uchirova M Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article substantiates the necessity and mechanism of forming a radioactive waste management system at the state level. The article demonstrates the problems that the existing order of production and consumption waste management leads to. An algorithm for handling radioactive waste in the logic of a complete cycle is described. The demand for the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste is substantiated, the mechanism of its formation and organizational structure are presented. The goals of the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste are outlined. The powers for the organization of waste management of I and II hazard classes have been defined for the State Corporation Rosatom (while maintaining the existing consolidation of the powers for control and supervision in this area for the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources). The subjects providing services for the management of waste of I-II hazard classes are specified: the federal operator for the treatment of waste of I and II hazard classes and operators for the treatment of waste of I and II hazard classes.
Transgressive Pleistocene Cycles and Their Place on the Milankovich Scale
Authors: Pomortsev O A , Filippov V R , Rozhin S S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of cyclic organization of geological environment in the Pleistocene is specified based on of materials on absolute chronology of marine and intracontinental sediments of North and Central Asia and North America. New data on absolute chronology of fluvial transgressive-regressive cycles of the Pleistocene in comparison with the known solar climate scale of M. Milankovich’s are given. It is established that the two most ancient dates of the terrace sediments of the Lena River (234 and 182 thousand years ago) and the Vilyuy River (300 and 176 thousand years ago), as well as three groups of dates of younger Late Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial formations in the valley of the Lena River, Rocky Mountains and in the Primorsky Lowland of the Laptev Sea (36 - 42.8; 27-29 and 8-10 thousand years ago) correlate with the M. Milankovic’s curve, describing the variability of the Earth’s solar climate with the period of about 41000 years. The oldest dates - 300 and 234 thousand years ago, and the date series in the chronological range 27-29 thousand years ago (five dates) coincide with the cold extremums of the M. Milankovic scale. Dates of 182 and 176 thousand years ago, as well as series of the dates in the range 36-42 thousand years ago (four dates) and 8-10 thousand years ago (3 dates) tend to warm extremums of the same scale.
Comparison of Russian Index of Rocks Abrasivity with CAI
Authors: Averin E A , Zhabin A B , Polyakov A V , Linnik Y N , Linnik V Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Development of technical means of excavation for tunnelling and minerals extraction requires the use of relevant experience and brand-new scientific achievements in the field of rock destruction by mechanical tools. Important problems of the use of rock cutting tools are wearing and tool consumption, which influence technical and economical performance of mining projects. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of existing domestic and abroad methods for determination of abarsivity of rocks, which are testing methods by Baron and Kuznetsov and by CERCHAR. The paper provides with a description of the essence of the method for determining the Russian abrasivity index and CAI, equipment for their implementation, as well as requirements for the styluses and rock samples. It is also given the classification of rock abrasiveness according to both methods. The important conclusion, which can be made based on this study, is that Russian abrasivity index by Baron and Kuznetsov can be correlated with CAI as we have done it in the first approximation.
Analysis of Temperature Field Dynamics in Electrofusion Welding of Polymer Pipes at Low Temperatures
Authors: Starostin N P , Ammosova O A , Vasileva M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Technique for determining technological parameters of electrofusion welding of polyethylene pipes at ambient temperatures below standard, based on analysis of temperature field dynamics in heat-affected zone, is proposed. Mathematical model of thermal welding process used in calculations is presented, considering temperature dependence of phase transformation heat and crystallinity degree of polymer material. Results of determining parameters for electrofusion welding of polyethylene pipes and welding of branch saddle topload to polyethylene pipe are presented. Effectiveness of calculated determination of welding parameters is confirmed by tests of welded joints made according to proposed welding technology at naturally low temperatures.
Models of the Thermal Condition of Winter Aggregation of Bees with Electric Heaters Installed in the Hive
Authors: Oskin S V , Kudryavtseva A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Of on factors of high productivity of a bee family is successful wintering. However, there are problems related to availability of food: in cold season bees may not get honey deposited in the frames located close to the outer hive walls, dramatic spring temperature fluctuations stimulate bees to earlier activity and they may fill the intestinal tract earlier. To promote successful wintering, beekeepers use electric heating. Despite the obvious advantages of additional heating of bees, there are also drawbacks: it is possible to provoke the queen for the early sowing of larvae, increased consumption of honey by the bee family may occur, there are additional costs for the consumed electrical energy. The article considers models of thermal and other physical processes occurring in the hive during the winter. The obtained models allow to: optimize energy costs for heating, reduce temperature fluctuations inside the hive, reduce the energy consumption of bees to maintain the microclimate. Validation of implementation of the algorithms in the system of automatic heating, based on the proposed models, showed the following: there is a good quality match of simulated and empiric temperature fields in the hives, there was a decrease in honey consumption by bees, hazard of drizzle was minimized.
Universal Tillage Unit
Authors: Tarasenko B F , Orlenko S Y , Kuzmin V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the problem of the variety of machines used in the implementation of basic tillage, a brief analysis of technologies and mechanized means and the development of a modernized design of a universal tillage unit. In the developed unit, the combination of chiseling methods, including deep one with drainage, with methods of smooth plowing and disking was carried out. The novelty of the unit is that the frame of the fixed section of the plow is made in the form of a square, in which a channel-shaped guide ring is inserted with a mounted frame of the movable section, made removable and interchangeable with a longer one and with an increase in the number of working bodies depending on the width of the grip. Racks, which are equipped with bearing units, and additional levers, rods and lanyards placed diametrically opposed. The frames of the movable and fixed sections are equipped with holes for fixing with locking fingers in the longitudinal position and in the transverse position.
Verification of the Technology of Search for Hydrocarbon Pools on the Basis of the Studies of Water-Gas Equilibria (the Southern Regions of the Ob-Irtysh Interfluve)
Authors: Novikov D A , Dultsev F F , Chernykh A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Results obtained through the analysis of water-gas equilibria in formation waters are shown to form the basis of the technology aimed at search for hydrocarbon pools. A direct dependence of a decrease in total gas saturation, the concentrations of methane homologues and water composition on the distance from water-oil contacts was established. A connection between hydrogeochemical anomalies and hydrocarbon pools was also detected It was revealed from the nature of the equilibria that hydrocarbon pools in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments of the southern parts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve act as a conservative element of the lithosphere. Water-gas equilibria modeling revealed that the geochemical regime dominating at the major part of the territory under study is favourable for the formation and conservation of hydrocarbon pools, except for the marginal zones. Computer modeling of physicochemical equilibria and evasion-invasion processes in water-gas systems allowed us to establish the degree of groundwater saturation with gases and the nature of diffusion redistribution of gases at the boundary between hydrocarbon deposit and formation water. All waters with total gas saturation of 2.0 l/l become ultimately saturated with gases (Kg = 2.0), which means that theoretical prerequisites for the formation of hydrocarbon deposits arise. Calculations allowed us to reveal more than 30 promising objects with the high probability of detection of hydrocarbon deposits at the Bergul, Vitin, Chekovsky and other areas.
Reduction of Mineral Overgrinding in Sulfide Ore Dressing Technology
Authors: Intogarova T I , Valieva O S , Morozov Y P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper briefly considers the specifics of the material composition of sulfide ores and reflects the causes of losses in dressing. The basic dressing principles are given. The main ways to reduce ore overgrinding are briefly specified and described. The concept of flotoclassification and its relevance in closed-circuit grinding is described. The flowsheets of grinding and flotoclassification of sulfide ores are substantiated. Possible options of flotoclassification flow sheets in closed-circuit grinding are described. The use of flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding of the hydrocyclone overflow allows obtaining an on-spec concentrate in the overflow of the tapered launder. Flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding under laboratory conditions has been simulated. The experiment is described in detail. The simulation scheme, the finished product balance, and the qualitative and quantitative diagram of flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding are given. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed way of reducing mineral overgrinding in the sulfide ore dressing technology.
Problems of Ensuring Security of Transport Infrastructure Facilities
Authors: Zemlin A , Kholikov F , Mamedova I , Zemlina O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with problematic issues of ensuring the effective functioning of transport infrastructure in modern conditions, when the amount of universal threats from terrorism and other factors constantly increases. The definition of "facility security” is formulated, since "transport security", being considered in the narrow sense, includes only the protection of transport infrastructure facilities from terrorist crimes and does not cover other illegal actions that can have a negative impact on the security of transport system in Russia. Profound study of the issues of legal regulation of ensuring the security of transport infrastructure facilities in various aspects leads the authors to reasonable conclusion about their obvious gaps and, in part, conflict of laws, which determines the need to resolve these problems of positive law in Russia. The need to improve the anti-terrorist protection of railway transport facilities by establishing the priority of interdepartmental integrated approach is stipulated and particular measures to mitigate the terrorist threat are suggested.
Pneumatic Caterpillar Mover for a Light Transport Vehicle
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Voinash S A , Dolmatov S N , Kolesnikov P G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the features of construction, design, operation of the mover of a light vehicle with a pneumatic caterpillar track. Unlike multi-cavity pneumatic caterpillar tracks, in the proposed design the number of pneumatic segments is minimized, which can make it possible to even out the diagram of normal reactions on the supporting surface of the vehicle and increase the mobility of the chassis on soils with a weak surface layer and on snow - in conditions typical primarily for regions of the Far North, Arctic and Antarctic. The proposed design of the mover allows for operational repair in the field. The advantages of the proposed design is to reduce the destructive effect on the ground and increase the maneuverability of the vehicle on a weak bearing base, however, the mass and the cost of the mover increase, a slight decrease in energy efficiency and reliability is also expected, especially during systematic operation on hard ground. The relevance of the study is determined by the integrated interest in the development of the territories of the northern regions of the Russian Federation, as well as by the negative experience gained as a result of the operation of tracked carriers with the traditional chassis design in the tundra and forest-tundra regions. The article proposes a method for determining the main structural parameters of the propulsion device, analyzes its operational properties, makes recommendations for possible use. An example of calculation for a tracked vehicle of 3350 kg is given. The mover can be installed on mass-produced chassis of light-weight transport tracked vehicles when upgrading the chassis in the factory using components manufactured in the Russian Federation and technologies developed by the Russian industry.
Studying the Genetic Diversity of the Taimyr Population of the Nenets Reindeer Breed
Authors: Karmanovskaya N V , Bazelyanskaya T P , Elesin M A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the first time, the genetic diversity of farm populations of domesticated Nenets reindeer bred in Taimyr has been studied to form their DNA bank. A comparative analysis of the genetic characteristics of the Nenets reindeer populations bred in other regions (Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic) has been performed using DNA markers. The genetic diversity markers - microsatellites have been used as DNA markers in the study. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that this group of domesticated reindeer has a low level of genetic polymorphism and diversity. A comparative analysis of this population with the regional ones from the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic has revealed genetic ties with reindeer bred in the Komi Republic and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. A low level of both allelic and genetic diversity may further negatively affect the animals’ adaptation to environmental conditions.