bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deeper Look at the Return on Purpose: Before and During a Crisis
Authors: Milano Greg , Whately Riley , Tomlinson Brian , Yiğit Alexa 
Published: September 2021

The authors summarize findings from their research on how purpose relates to the profitability, growth, and value of public companies. Using a unique dataset that measures consumer perceptions of purpose at the brand level, the authors construct high‐ and low‐purpose cohorts for a population of public companies where a single brand accounts for a substantial majority of company revenues and value. In analyzing median performance of the high‐ and low‐purpose cohorts, the authors provide striking evidence of the relationship of purpose to improved financial performance, market valuation and shareholder value creation.In addition, by measuring cohort performance over the three years ending 2019 and on a quarterly basis during 2020, the authors create a picture of how high‐purpose companies materially increased their performance, valuation, and value creation advantage over low‐purpose companies in response to the market disruption and recovery caused by COVID. Among the most notable findings, the high‐purpose cohort's revenue growth advantage increased from 2.5% pre‐COVID to 14.1%; operating margin advantage increased from 5.2% pre‐COVID to 7.7%; return on capital advantage increased from 3.0% pre‐COVID to 5.8%; EV/EBITDA premium increased from 3.2x to 6.2x; and annualized TSR advantage increased from 13.3% to 34.7%.The authors complement these findings with a regression analysis that evaluates the explanatory power of purpose on market valuations for the study population while controlling for a range of financial performance variables and select sector designations. They find that a 1‐unit increase in purpose (on a scale of 0 to 100), is associated with a 1.2% increase in valuation. For the median S&P 500 company by revenue and valuation, this suggests that improving from a median score on purpose to a top‐quartile score could be worth an incremental $9.2 billion in shareholder value.The authors conclude by placing these findings in context of the current debate on the role of purpose in public corporations and provide guidance on how they can be applied in practice to improve both stakeholder value and shareholder value.
Effects of tooth bleaching protocols assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers on color change of resin‐based restoratives
Authors: Karanasiou Christina , Dionysopoulos Dimitrios , Naka Olga , Strakas Dimitris , Tolidis Kosmas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate color change of three resin‐based restorative materials after two laser‐assisted in‐office tooth bleaching protocols using Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers.Materials and MethodsA nanohybrid composite resin (EP), a Bis‐GMA free composite resin (EPBio) and a resin‐matrix CAD‐CAM ceramic (HC) were tested. Ninety specimens were prepared and stored in artificial saliva. Group 1 received an in‐office bleaching treatment using 40% H2O2. The same bleaching procedure was assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG laser in Group 2 and by a diode laser (980 nm) in Group 3. Color measurements were performed using a double‐beam UV–Vis spectrophotometer at four time intervals (before, 24 h, 15 and 30 days), converted to L*, a*, and b* units of the CIELAB color space and assessed on the basis of 50:50% acceptability (ΔΕab* = 2.7 and ΔΕ00 = 1.77) and 50:50% perceptibility (ΔΕab* = 1.2 and ΔΕ00 = 0.81) thresholds. Three‐way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used for statistical analysis of the data.ResultsColor and whiteness changes did not exceed the established 50:50% acceptability thresholds. EP presented the highest color change after the bleaching followed by EPBio and HC (p ≤ 0.05). Three‐way ANOVA revealed that type of material and time interval significantly affected color change (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsThe tested bleaching treatments assisted by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) lasers did not induce unacceptable color and whiteness changes in the resin‐based restorative materials.Clinical SignificanceThe tested Er,Cr:YSGG and diode (980 nm) laser‐assisted tooth bleaching protocols which may be recommended to accelerate the clinical procedures cannot affect the color of the existing resin‐based restorations in case they are accidentally exposed on the bleaching gel and laser irradiation.
Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry analyses of ancient bronze artefacts of the Urartian period from Yegheghnadzor region, Armenia
Authors: Keheyan Yeghis , Lanterna Giancarlo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe results of the analysis on some fragments of bronze belts and a bowl discovered from southwestern Armenia, Yegheghnadzor archaeological site, are discussed. The samples are dated to the 7 and 6 BCE from the Urartian period. The artefacts were corroded, and a multilayer structure was formed. To study the stratigraphy of layers and their composition, the samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐EDS) and optical microscopy techniques. The bronze finds appear with the typical incrustations, rich in alloy alteration compounds. Concentrations of copper and tin in the alloys were quantified by SEM‐EDS: The pattern and the percentage of the alloy are the same for the belts. Regarding the bowl sample, it is constituted by two foils, perfectly in contact but different in colour, thickness and composition. The results evidenced that only two elements participate in forming alloy composition in the samples: Cu and Sn. The tin content is variable from 7.75% to 13.56%. Other elements such as Ag, As, Fe, Ni, P, Pb, Sb and Zn are lower and more than 1% and can be considered as impurities.
Nerve pathology in animal models of neuropathies
Authors: Carozzi Valentina Alda , Bolino Alessandra , D'Antonio Maurizio , Quattrini Angelo , Cavaletti Guido 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo understand the pathology of axonal degeneration and demyelination in peripheral neuropathy, histological investigations in different animal models that mimic some aspects of human peripheral neuropathy are needed. Thus, in the following section of this special issue, the main pathological features of experimental autoimmune neuritis, animal models of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropath and of human inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) will be illustrated. When possible, micrographs from animal models and selected human biopsy will be shown side by side.
Hereditary neuropathies: A pathological perspective
Authors: Cavallaro Tiziana , Tagliapietra Matteo , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Bai Yunhong , Shy Michael E. , Vallat Jean‐Michel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHereditary neuropathies may result from mutations in genes expressed by Schwann cells or neurons that affect selectively the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or may represent a minor or major component of complex inherited diseases that involve also the central nervous system and/or other organs and tissues. The chapter is constantly expanding and reworking, thanks to advances of molecular genetics; next‐generation sequencing is identifying a plethora of new genes and is revolutionizing the diagnostic approach. In the past, diagnostic sural nerve biopsies paved the way to the discovery and elucidation of major genes and molecular pathways associated to most frequent hereditary motor–sensory neuropathies. Nowadays, a sural nerve biopsy may prove useful in selected cases for the differential diagnosis of an acquired neuropathy when clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and molecular tests are not sufficiently informative. Skin biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive window on the PNS, which may provide biomarkers of progression and clues to the physiopathology and molecular pathology of inherited neuropathies. The aim of our review is to illustrate the pathological features of more frequent and paradigmatic hereditary neuropathies and to highlight their correlations with the roles of the involved genes and functional consequences of related molecular defects.
Effect of electromyography‐triggered peripheral magnetic stimulation on voluntary swallow in healthy humans
Authors: Nagashima Yuki , Kagaya Hitoshi , Toda Fumi , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Shibata Seiko , Saitoh Eiichi , Abe Kimiko , Nakayama Enri , Ueda Koichiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectrical stimulation therapy is effective for patients with dysphagia. However, because of the pain, strong stimulation cannot be applied. Although magnetic stimulation induces less pain, there are no reports on magnetic stimulation being synchronised with a swallowing reflex.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether it is possible to induce magnetic stimulation during a voluntary swallowing using electromyography (EMG)‐triggered peripheral magnetic stimulation and to evaluate its effect on healthy individuals.MethodsA total of 20 healthy adults in seated position were instructed to swallow saliva and 10 ml of barium under videofluoroscopy. For concomitant use of magnetic stimulation, a magnetic stimulus for suprahyoid muscles at 30 Hz frequency was applied for 2 s when the EMG level in the sternohyoid muscle exceeded the threshold. During the voluntary swallowing, the movement of the hyoid bone and opening width of the upper oesophageal sphincter (UES) were measured. Furthermore, pressure topography was evaluated in 6 subjects using high‐resolution manometry.ResultsThe magnetic stimulation significantly extended the movement time of the hyoid bone (p < 0.001). During liquid deglutition, significant increases were observed in the anterior maximum movement distance of the hyoid bone (p < 0.05), opening width of the UES (p < 0.001) and anterior movement distance of the hyoid bone at the maximum UES opening (p < 0.01). In the pressure topography, the maximum pressure immediately after UES closure significantly decreased with magnetic stimulation (p < 0.05).ConclusionEMG‐triggered peripheral magnetic stimulation made it possible to apply magnetic stimulation during a voluntary swallowing.
Management of patients explanted for implantable cardioverter defibrillator infections: Bridge therapy with external temporary ICD
Authors: Dell'Era Gabriele , Prenna Eleonora , Ziacchi Matteo , Diemberger Igor , Varalda Marco , Guerra Federico , Biffi Mauro , Occhetta Eraldo , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and methodsIn case of cardiacimplantable electronicdevice (CIED)‐related infections, it is mandatory to completely remove the device and administer prolonged antibiotic therapy. The management of patients explanted for an implantable defibrillator (ICD) infection is complex especially in patients needing anti‐bradycardia pacing or tachyarrhythmia protection. We tested the efficacy and safety of a conventional ICD externally connected to a transvenous dual‐coil lead as bridging therapy before the reimplant, comparing outcomes with a historical cohort of patients (N = 113) treated with temporary transvenous pacing. We enrolled 18 patients explanted for ICD infection and needing prolonged antibiotic therapy in three high‐volume Italian centers. They received an external ICD stand‐by for a mean of 16.5 (4–30) days before the reimplant.ResultsNo patient experienced malfunction of the system, with a significant reduction of this complication versus temporary transfemoral pacing (37%, p = .004). Post‐procedural occurrence of other complications (infection, relevant local bleeding, ventricular tachycardia during insertion of the lead, cardiac perforation, and venous thromboembolism) was low and not different in the two groups. One patient experienced an electrical storm, effectively recognized by the external ICD and treated with anti‐tachycardia pacings (ATPs) and shocks.ConclusionsAn approach with an external ICD seems to be a safe and viable option as bridging therapy in patients requiring ICD explant for CIED infection.
Delta QRS distinguishes Ito‐mediated J waves from pseudo J waves produced by conduction delay on body surface electrocardiographic
Authors: Ooi Yinn Shaung , Amer Mostafa , Qi Datun , Yang Zhen , Gao Chuanyu , Yan Gan‐Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOn surface electrocardiographic (ECGs), it is difficult to differentiate Ito‐mediated J waves, a repolarization phenomenon seen in J wave syndromes (JWS) from terminal QRS deflections that mimic J waves (pseudo J waves) in intraventricular conduction delay (IVCD), an abnormality in depolarization. We hypothesize that the difference between the “maximum QRS duration” inclusive of J point or terminal QRS deflections and the minimum QRS duration identified across a 12‐lead ECG is significantly larger in Ito‐mediated J waves, and can serve as a marker to make this distinction.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on adults with ECGs consisting of one of the four following manifestations: J waves associated with hypothermia and early repolarization, and pseudo J waves associated with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and non‐specific intraventricular conduction delay (NS‐IVCD). All ECGs were assessed individually and the maximum and minimum discrete QRS deflections on 12‐lead tracings, defined as “QRSmax” and QRSmin, were identified. The difference between “QRSmax” and QRSmin, designated as ∆QRS, was calculated and compared across the studied populations.ResultsA total of 60 patients consisting of 15 patients in each arm were included in the study. ΔQRS was significantly larger in the hypothermia and early repolarization groups, compared to RBBB and NS‐IVCD (p < .0001), with the following mean ∆QRS: hypothermia 54.3 ± 13.7 ms, early repolarization pattern 47.3 ± 15.3 ms, RBBB 19.3 ± 6.5 ms, and NS‐IVCD 16.0 ± 6.6 ms.Conclusion∆QRS may serve as a reliable ECG parameter for distinguishing Ito‐mediated J waves from pseudo J waves produced by delayed intraventricular conduction.
Psychological factors and trajectories of post‐surgical pain: A longitudinal prospective study
Authors: Giusti Emanuele M. , Lacerenza Marco , Gabrielli Samantha , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Manna Chiara , D’Amario Federico , Marcacci Maurilio , Castelnuovo Gianluca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of patients do not experience relief from pain during the early postsurgical period after joint arthroplasty and are at risk for developing chronic pain. The objectives of this study were to identify biopsychosocial factors associated with acute postsurgical pain trajectories and with pain intensity and interference after 1, 3, and 12 months. Two hundred ten patients listed for joint arthroplasty filled a presurgical battery of questionnaires assessing presurgical pain intensity, catastrophizing, emotional distress, state anxiety and depression, self‐efficacy, central sensitization, and executive functions. From the day after surgery, they were asked to fill a 7‐day diary, including questions about postsurgical pain and postsurgical state catastrophizing. Finally, they provided data about pain intensity and interference after 1, 3, and 12 months. Predictors of acute pain trajectories were investigated using multilevel growth curve analysis. Results showed that central sensitization was a predictor of the intercept of pain trajectories and daily postsurgical catastrophizing was a significant covariate of pain intensity in the acute phase. Analyses of follow‐up data showed that central sensitization was a predictor of pain intensity and pain interference at 3 and 12 months, that emotional distress was related with pain intensity and interference at 1 month, and with pain interference at 3 months, and that cognitive flexibility was associated with pain interference at 1 month. Assessment of these factors could enable to identify patients at risk for worse outcomes and to plan targeted treatments to be implemented during the patient’s inward stay.
RGN1 controls grain number and shapes panicle architecture in rice
Authors: Li Gangling , Xu Bingxia , Zhang Yanpei , Xu Yawen , Khan Najeeb Ullah , Xie Jianyin , Sun Xingming , Guo Haifeng , Wu Zhenyuan , Wang Xueqiang , Zhang Hongliang , Li Jinjie , Xu Jianlong , Wang Wensheng , Zhang Zhanying , Li Zichao 
Published: September 2021

SummaryYield in rice is determined mainly by panicle architecture. Using map‐based cloning, we identified an R2R3 MYB transcription factor REGULATOR OF GRAIN NUMBER1 (RGN1) affecting grain number and panicle architecture. Mutation of RGN1 caused an absence of lateral grains on secondary branches. We demonstrated that RGN1 controls lateral grain formation by regulation of LONELY GUY (LOG) expression, thus controlling grain number and shaping panicle architecture. A novel favourable allele, RGN1C, derived from the Or‐I group in wild rice affected panicle architecture by means longer panicles. Identification of RGN1 provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of lateral grain formation in rice; RGN1 will be an important gene resource for molecular breeding for higher yield.
Continuing arteriovenous fistula creation by nephrologist and its outcome during COVID pandemic—Analysis of 376 cases
Authors: Mahapatra Himansu Sekhar , Binoy Renju , Inamdar Neeraj Anant , D P Kushal , Kumar Adarsh , Kaur Navjot , Singh Mansi , Kumari Anamika , Krishna Chandra , Balkrishna Muthukumar , Pursnani Lalit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere has been a significant reduction of elective surgeries including creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) during the ongoing pandemic by the surgeons. Here, we report the retrospective observational data of AVF creation by nephrologists in a single center, during a period of 8 months. A total of 376 fistulae were created in 310 patients. Patients were followed up at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Twenty‐eight patients required fistula creation twice, 16 patients thrice, and two patients underwent fistula creation four times. Of the total, 259 (68.8%) fistulae were radio‐cephalic while 99 (26.3%) and 18 (4.79%) were brachio‐cephalic and brachio‐basilic, respectively. A total of 207 (67%) patients were already on hemodialysis whereas 103 (33%) were planned for elective initiation after fistula maturation. Of the 211 (69%) patients who completed 3 months of follow‐up, 31 (15%) expired and 7 (3.3%) were lost to follow‐up. Primary failure was observed in 70 (33.2%) fistulae. Fifteen (7.1%) patients were noted to be COVID positive during the follow‐up. A total of 279 (90%) patients were alive at last follow‐up. Amongst 20 dialysis staffs with 10 nephrologists, only two have developed COVID. Both were having mild illness and recovered completely. This study demonstrates that AVF creation can be performed safely with careful screening and by using adequate personal protective equipment.
Clinical Walking Tests and Gait Pattern Characterization During 6-Minute Walk Test Using Inertial Sensors: Follow-Up in Individuals With Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Younesian Hananeh , Legrand Thomas , Miramand Ludovic , Beausoleil Sarah , Turcot Katia 
Published: September 2021

Inertial measurement units and normative values enable clinicians to quantify clinical walking tests and set rehabilitation goals. Objectives of this study were (1) to compare time- and distance-based walking tests in individuals with lower limb amputation (iLLA) and normative values following rehabilitation discharge (T1) and 6 weeks after discharge (T2) and (2) to investigate spatiotemporal and foot kinematic parameters over a 6-minute walk test using inertial measurement units. Twelve iLLA participated in this study. Distance, cadence, stance ratio, loading rate ratio, push-up ratio, path length, and minimum toe clearance were analyzed during 6-minute walk test. Nonparametric repeated-measures analysis of variance tests, Bonferroni corrections, were performed. Time of distance-based walking tests diminished at T2 (P < .02). Compared with normative values, walking performance in iLLA was reduced. Cadence at T2 increased significantly (P = .026). Stance ratio increased in both legs at T2 (P < .05). Push-up ratio tended to decrease at T2 in the amputated leg (P = .0003). Variability of path length and minimum toe clearance at T2 were less than at T1 in the nonamputated leg (P < .05). Spatiotemporal improvement at T2 could be due to prosthesis adaptation in iLLA. The lower performance of the functional walk test compared with normative values could be due to amputation and pain-related fatigue.
Paediatric sickle cell disease at a tertiary hospital in Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chimbatata Chikondi Sharon , Chisale Master RO , Kayira Alfred Bornwell , Sinyiza Frank Watson , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe , Kaseka Paul Uchizi , Kamudumuli Pocha , Wu Tsung-Shu Joseph 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) remains a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Malawi. However, literature to comprehensively describe the disease in the paediatric population is lacking.MethodsA retrospective review of clinical files of children with SCD was conducted. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarise the data. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used to look for significant associations between predictor variables and outcome variables (case fatality and length of hospital stay). Predictor variables that were significantly associated with outcome variables (p≤0.05) in a χ2 or Fisher’s exact test were carried forward for analysis in a binary logistic regression. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify covariates that independently predicted length of hospital stay.ResultsThere were 16 333 paediatric hospitalisations during the study period. Of these, 512 were patients with SCD representing 3.1% (95% CI: 2.9%- 3.4%). Sixty-eight of the 512 children (13.3%; 95% CI: 10.5% - 16.5%) were newly diagnosed cases. Of these, only 13.2% (95% CI: 6.2% - 23.6%) were diagnosed in infancy. Anaemia (94.1%), sepsis (79.5%) and painful crisis (54.3%) were the most recorded clinical features. The mean values of haematological parameters were as follows: haemoglobin (g/dL) 6.4 (SD=1.9), platelets (×109/L) 358.8 (SD=200.9) while median value for white cell count (×109/L) was 23.5 (IQR: 18.0–31.2). Case fatality was 1.4% (95% CI: 0.6% - 2.8%)and 15.2% (95% CI: 12.2% -18.6%) of the children had a prolonged hospital stay (>5 days). Patients with painful crisis were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.02 - 2.86) times more likely to have prolonged hospital stay than those without the complication.ConclusionAnaemia, sepsis and painful crisis were the most common clinical features paediatric patients with SCD presented with. Patients with painful crisis were more likely to have prolonged hospital stay. Delayed diagnosis of SCD is a problem that needs immediate attention in this setting. Although somewhat encouraging, the relatively low in-hospital mortality among SCD children may under-report the true mortality from the disease considering community deaths and deaths occurring before SCD diagnosis is made.