bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAGMATOLOGICAL TECTONICS: ALFRED RITTMANN’S PARADIGM
Authors: MUSUMECI DANIELE , BRANCA STEFANO , INGALISO LUIGI 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to present the life and research of Alfred Rittmann (1893–1980). He was an Earth scientist in the broadest sense: a petrographer, mineralogist, magmatologist, tectonist, geodynamicist, planetologist, volcanologist and, what is more, a philosopher of geosciences. He is considered the founder of contemporary, volcanology by combining in his interdisciplinary research the study of volcanic phenomena at the surface with tectonic activity and magmatology. In his books, Rittmann discussed the first correlations between volcanism and tectonics; his geodynamic model comprises complex studies of geology, volcanology, magmatology and geodynamics. We propose to name his scientific worldview ‘Magmatological Tectonics’ (MT) and to describe it as a Kuhnian paradigm. The leading concept of all geological processes is the fundamental law. Rittmann also made abundant use of Chamberlin’s method, the method of multiple working hypotheses. Some brief interpretations will be proposed regarding the importance of Rittmann in the history of geosciences in the twentieth century and the emergence of some philosophical problems deriving from this research.
Observation of Higher-Mode Surface Waves from an Active Source in the Hutubi Basin, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ji Zhanbo , Wang Baoshan , Yang Wei , Wang Weitao , Su Jinbo , Wei Bin , Wang Haitao , Hu Tianyue 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBasins with thick sediments can amplify and prolong the incoming seismic waves, which may cause serious damage to surface facilities. The amplification of seismic energy depends on the shear-wave velocity of the uppermost layers, which is generally estimated through surface wave analysis. Surface waves may propagate in different modes, and the mechanism of the mode development is not well understood. Exploiting a recently deployed permanent airgun source in the Hutubi basin, Xinjiang, northwest China, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the development of multimode surface waves. We observed surface waves at the frequency of 0.3–5.0 Hz with apparent group velocities of 200–900  m/s, and identified five modes of surface waves (three Rayleigh-wave modes and two Love-wave modes) through time–frequency and particle-motion analyses. We then measured 125 group velocity dispersion curves of the fundamental- and higher-mode surface waves, and further inverted the 1D S-wave velocity structure of the Hutubi basin. The S-wave velocity increases abruptly from 238  m/s at the surface to 643  m/s at 300 m depth. Synthetic seismograms with the inverted velocity structure capture the main features of the surface waves of the different modes. Synthetic tests suggest that the low velocity, high velocity gradient, and shallow source depth are likely the dominant contributing factors in the development of higher-mode surface waves.
Catastrophes versus events in the geologic past: how does the scale matter?
Authors: Gutak Ja M. , Ruban Dmitry Aleksandrovitch 
Published: April 2021

Catastrophes were common in the geologic past, but their distinction from other events is necessary. Besides magnitude (strength), scales of events are important in a solution of this task. Several examples, which involve Late Paleozoic and Quaternary megafloods, Hadean and Phanerozoic extraterrestrial impacts, and Phanerozoic mass extinctions, ensure that scaling by spatial extent and diversity of consequences facilitates tracing the boundary between catastrophes and “ordinary” events. This boundary, however, is dynamic and its position depends on our subjective needs. Considerations of the geologic past should not mix catastrophes of different scales. The event analysis helps to avoid such a pitfall, and, therefore, it should be preferred to neocatastrophism in modern geoscience.
Evaluation of healing and anti-plaque efficacy of antioxidant mouthrinse in patients with gingival inflamation – A single blind clinical study
Authors: Kaur Jasjit , Kaushik Mayur , Singh Soundarya , Arora Geetika 
Published: April 2021

: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of healing as well as anti plaque activity of an antioxidant mouthrinse containing sodium hyaluronate, coenzyme Q10, tea tree oil and aloe vera as active ingredients in a subject population of established clinical gingivitis. A single blind study was conducted among 45 participants, all of whom were in the age group of 18‑60 years. The study subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. The control group where only oral hygiene instructions were given. Group B1 in which the participants underwent oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14. Group B2 where the participants were given the antioxidant mouthrinse to use thrice daily in addition to undergoing oral prophylaxis at baseline, day 7 and day 14. The clinical parameters assessed were the probing pocket depth, Plaque Index by Sillness and Loe (1964) and Gingival Index by Loe and Sillness (1963). These were assessed at baseline, day 7 and day 14 for all the 3 groups. The results were found to be statistically significant at 14 days interval of plaque and gingival inflammation reduction in the B2 group as compared to the other two groups, however, with regard to reduction of periodontal depth, the result was not found to be significant. This study supports the effectiveness of herbal constituents based antioxidant mouthwash in its role as an antiplaque and healing agent. It should be explored as a cost‑effective, long‑term antiplaque rinse with prophylactic and therapeutic benefits.
In vitro study to compare the accuracy of four diagnostic methods for locating the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars
Authors: Mittal Rishu , Gupta Saurabh , Bogra Poonam , Gupta Saru Dhir , Goyal Radhika , Goyal Nikita 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the efficacy of three diagnostic methods, Direct visual method, Magnifying loupes and Dental operating microscope in recognising all the canals of the root canal system in maxillary first molars using CBCT and reference standard method. A total of 65 maxillary first molars were selected for this study. Teeth selected were evaluated by Periapical radiographs and CBCT. Access cavities of selected extracted human maxillary first molars were prepared, and the floor of the pulp chamber was then explored to locate the MB2 canal in five stages: Stage I (Direct Visual Method), Stage II (under ×3.5 Magnifying Loupes with light-emitting diode [LED] light), Stage III (Under Dental Operating Microscope), and Stage IV (Cross-sectioning was done below CEJ and the sections were evaluated using stereomicroscope at 10x magnification). The descriptive statistics were tabulated using Chi square test to compare the efficacy between the diagnostic methods. Senstivity, specificity, Positive /Negative predictive values were calculated for each method. The results obtained in this study showed that CBCT was most accurate with the dimensional accuracy of 96% followed by Dental operating microscope which performed better (with the diagnostic accuracy of 76%) than the magnifying loupes (with the diagnostic accuracy of 64%) direct visual method (with the diagnostic accuracy 60%). The dental operating microscope was most effective in the detection of MB2 canals followed by magnifying loupes and direct visual method. Additionally, CBCT could be used as a supplementary diagnostic tool in cases in which canals are not found using the methods available in the dental office.
BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Sağlık Harcamaları Ekonomik Büyümeyi Etkiliyor mu? Ampirik Bir İnceleme
Authors: SÖKMEN Ferhat Şirin 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: İçsel büyüme teorilerinde, beşeri sermaye ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyen unsurlar arasında yer almaktadır. Beşeri sermaye faktörlerinden biri olan sağlık düzeyindeki artışlar bir yandan, işgücü verimliliğini arttırırken, diğer yandan yaşam süresini arttırarak fiziksel yatırımlardaki artış yoluyla ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etki yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi BRICS-T ülkeleri için ele alınmıştır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: 2000-2018 döneminin ele alındığı çalışmada, sağlık harcamalarını temsilen kişi başına düşen sağlık harcamaları, ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen ise sabit fiyatlarla GSYH değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönemli ilişkiyi sınamak amacıyla Westerlund (2008) DH (Durbin-Hausman) Eş Bütünleşme testi ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin varlığını test etmek amacıyla Kónya (2006) Bootstrap nedensellik testinden yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Westerlund (2008) DH (Durbin-Hausman) Eş Bütünleşme testi sonucunda, sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme değişkenleri arasında eş bütünleşme ilişkisinin var olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken, Kónya (2006) Bootstrap Nedensellik Test sonuçlarına göre sağlık harcamaları değişkeninden, ekonomik büyümeye doğru nedensellik ilişkisi söz konusu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, BRICS-T ülkelerinde sağlık odaklı büyüme hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu destekler niteliktedir.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın temel sınırlılığı örnekleme dahil edilen ülkeler ve 2000-2018 dönemleri olarak belirlenmiştir.
Özgünlük/Değer: Bu çalışmada beşeri sermayenin önemli bir bileşeni olan sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi BRICS ülkeleri ve Türkiye için karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Platelet Deficiency Represents a Modifiable Risk Factor for Periprosthetic Joint Infection in a Preclinical Mouse Model
Authors: Greig Danielle , Trikha Rishi , Sekimura Troy , Cevallos Nicolas , Kelley Benjamin V. , Mamouei Zeinab , Yeaman Michael R. , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Well known for their hemostatic function, platelets are increasingly becoming recognized as important immunomodulators. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of platelet depletion on antimicrobial host defense in a mouse model of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods:
Thrombocytopenia (TCP) was induced in C57BL/6 mice with use of a selective antibody against platelet CD41 (anti-CD41). Whole blood from pre-treated mice was incubated with Staphylococcus aureus to assess antimicrobial efficacy with use of bioluminescent imaging, quantitative histological staining, and colony forming unit (CFU) quantification. In parallel, untreated heterologous platelets were added to TCP blood to assess potential rescue of antimicrobial efficacy. In vivo, TCP and control mice underwent placement of a titanium implant in the femur inoculated with bioluminescent Xen36 S. aureus. Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging was performed postoperatively to quantify the evolution of bacterial burden, which was confirmed via assessment of S. aureus CFUs on the implant and in peri-implant tissue on postoperative day (POD) 28.

Results:
Anti-CD41 treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent reductions in platelet count. Ex vivo, platelet-depleted whole blood demonstrated significantly less bacterial reduction than control blood. These outcomes were reversed with the addition of untreated rescue platelets. In vivo, infection burden was significantly higher in TCP mice and was inversely correlated with preoperative platelet count (r2 = 0.63, p = 0.037). Likewise, CFU quantification on POD28 was associated with increased bacterial proliferation and severity of periprosthetic infection in TCP mice compared with controls.

Conclusions:
Thrombocytopenia resulted in an increased bacterial burden both ex vivo and in vivo in a mouse model of PJI.

Clinical Relevance:
In orthopaedic patients, deficiencies in platelet quantity or function represent an easily modifiable risk factor for PJI.
Prevention and Treatment of Nerve Injuries in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Florczynski Matthew , Paul Ryan , Leroux Timothy , Baltzer Heather 
Published: April 2021

➤ Nerve injuries during shoulder arthroplasty have traditionally been considered rare events, but recent electrodiagnostic studies have shown that intraoperative nerve trauma is relatively common.➤ The brachial plexus and axillary and suprascapular nerves are the most commonly injured neurologic structures, with the radial and musculocutaneous nerves being less common sites of injury.➤ Specific measures taken during the surgical approach, component implantation, and revision surgery may help to prevent direct nerve injury. Intraoperative positioning maneuvers and arm lengthening warrant consideration to minimize indirect injuries.➤ Suspected nerve injuries should be investigated with electromyography preferably at 6 weeks and no later than 3 months postoperatively, allowing for primary reconstruction within 3 to 6 months of injury when indicated. Primary reconstructive options include neurolysis, direct nerve repair, nerve grafting, and nerve transfers.➤ Secondary reconstruction is preferred for injuries presenting >12 months after surgery. Secondary reconstructive options with favorable outcomes include tendon transfers and free functioning muscle transfers.
Not All Gymnastic Exercises Are Suitable for Everyone: An Uncommon Cause of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Wong Douglas K.H. , Wong Yat Wah , Cheng Stephen W.K. 
Published: April 2021

Update
This article was updated on April 22, 2022, because of a previous error in the order of authors. The correct order is: Douglas K.H. Wong, MBBS(HK), Yat Wah Wong, MBBS(HK), FRCS(Ed), FHKCOS, FHKAM(Ortho), and Stephen W.K. Cheng, MBBS(HK), MS(HK), FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Eng), FHKCS, FHKAM(Surgery).
An erratum (JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12[2]:e20.00984ER) has been published for this article.

Case:
A 34-year-old man spontaneously presented with bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome over 1 year. He was a gymnast active in rowing and weightlifting, with “slanted” shoulders, narrowed costoclavicular spaces, and well-developed scalene muscles. Imaging revealed fractures of multiple bilateral upper ribs in various degrees of nonunion. The patient's symptoms improved after activity modification and physiotherapy.

Conclusions:
Atraumatic spontaneous rib fracture-nonunions are an uncommon cause of thoracic outlet syndrome; this diagnosis should be considered in physically active patients presenting with typical symptoms with atypical anatomy.
Impacts of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) on biological characteristics of its vector Bemisia tabaci
Authors: He Haifang , Li Jingjing , Zhang Zelong , Tang Xuefei , Song Danyang , Yan Fengming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is known that plant viruses, to facilitate their transmission, can change the phenotypes and defense pathways of the host plants and the performance of their vectors. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a newly reported virus occurring on cucurbit plants and many other plant species, is transmitted specifically by Middle East-Minor Asia 1 (B biotype) and Mediterranean (Q biotype) cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in a semipersistent manner. This study evaluated the direct and indirect effects of CCYV on B. tabaci biology to better understand the plant-virus-vector interaction. By using CCYV-B. tabaci-cucumber as the model, we investigated whether or how a semipersistent plant virus impacts the biology of its whitefly vectors. CCYV mRNA were detectable in nymphs from 1st to 4th instars and adults of B. tabaci with different titers. Female nymph duration and female adult longevity greatly extended on CCYV-infected plants, but male nymph duration and male adult longevity were not significantly influenced. In addition, on CCYV-infected plants, the body length and oviposition of adult B. tabaci increased, but the hatching rates of eggs and survival rates of different stages were not affected. Most interestingly, the sex ratio (male:female) significantly reduced to 0.506:1 in whitefly populations on CCYV-infected plants, while the ratio remained about 0.979:1 on healthy plants. These results indicated that CCYV can significantly impact the biological characteristics of its vector B. tabaci through the host plants. It is speculated that CCYV and B. tabaci have established a typical mutualist relationship mediated by host plants.
Ameliorative Effects of Oleuropein on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury Model in Rats
Authors: DİKMEN NURSEL , CELLAT MUSTAFA , ETYEMEZ MUHAMMED , İŞLER CAFER TAYER , UYAR AHMET , AYDIN TUBA , GÜVENÇ MEHMET 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common causes of death in diseases with septic shock. Oleuropein, one of the important components of olive leaf, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oleuropein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats. Oleuropein was administered to rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 20 days and LPS was given through intratracheal administration to induce ALI. The study was terminated after 12 hours. The results showed that in the group treated with oleuropein; inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress decreased in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue, and there were significant improvements in the picture of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) caused by LPS in histopathological examination. Based on the findings of the present study, oleuropein showed protective effects against LPS-induced ALI.
Bid Evaluation Method of Railway Green Construction Based on Improved PCA-Gray Variable Weight Clustering Model
Authors: bao xueying , He Zhenxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current bid evaluation method can no longer meet the needs of green construction of railway construction projects, so a bid evaluation method based on an improved PCA-gray variable weight clustering model is proposed. A bid evaluation index system for railway green construction projects with a hierarchical structure was constructed from three aspects: basic construction ability, business ability and green construction ability, and the index evaluation criteria were given. Considering the high dimensional complexity of the bid evaluation system, the improved PCA method was used to reduce the dimension of the bid evaluation system, and on this basis, an improved linear weighted comprehensive evaluation function was constructed to preliminarily evaluate the construction ability of bidders. Then, the grey variable weight clustering model is used to construct the definite weighted function to further analyze the green construction ability of the bidders and select the optimal bidder. Finally, the method was applied to the bid evaluation of railway engineering projects from Lanzhouxi to Zhongchuan Airport, and the conclusion is consistent with the actual bidders, which proves the applicability and effectiveness of the model.
Machining Deformation Analysis of Aircraft Monolithic Components based on the Energy Method
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoliang , Li Jiaxing , Chen Yongbin , Wei Dechen , Ding Guichu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the process of machining aircraft monolithic components, the initial stress in the blank will cause machining deformation. Based on the energy method, an analytical mathematical model of machining deformation is presented in this paper. The key point is to transform the energy in the removed material into the deformation energy of the part after machining. The initial residual stress of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy blank and single frame part are used as investigated case in the analytical model. For layer by layer machining, the deformation evolution is closely related to the tensile or compressive properties of the initial stress of removed material. Combined with the change of neutral axis position, The machining deformation is calculated by theoretical model. Then, FEM simulation is carried out to analyze the influence of stiffening ribs on machining deformation utilizing the semi-analytical model of equivalent bending stiffness. Furthermore, experiments are set up to verify the validity of the theory and FEM data. The results indicate that the deformation results of the experiment are consistent with that of theory and FEM model. Deformation is determined by energy of removed material. This paper provides a novel theoretical approaches for the further investigation of this issue.
Children with metabolically healthy obesity have a worse metabolic profile compared to normal weight peers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Serbis Anastasios , Giapros Vasilieios , Paschou Stavroula A. , Siomou Ekaterini 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: A phenotype of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been described in youth with obesity, but data are still scarce in this age group. The aim of the current study was to describe and compare clinical and laboratory parameters related to obesity among three different groups of youth, namely youth with normal weight (NW), with MHO, and with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Methods: 103 youngsters with obesity were divided according to 2018 consensus-based criteria into those with MHO [n=49, age (± SD): 10.9 ± 2.9 years] and those with MUO [n=54, 11.5 ± 2.7 years] and were compared to age-, sex- and Tanner-matched NW [n=69, 11.3 ± 2.9 years]. Several obesity related parameters were investigated for both groups of children. Comparisons were made by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Fisher’s PLSD test. Results: Youth with MHO had lower systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.01) blood pressure z-score and triglycerides (p<0.01), but higher HDL-C (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.05), and apo-A1 (p<0.05) compared to those with MUO. Compared to controls, both children with MHO and MUO showed higher fasting insulin (p<0.05), HOMA-IR (p<0.05) and QUICKI (p<0.001). Similarly, both groups had higher hsCRP, fibrinogen, uric acid, and leptin compared to controls (for all, p<0.001), while their adiponectin was lower (p<0.05). Visfatin was higher in children with MUO compared to controls (p<0.01), and it showed a trend to be lower in children with MHO compared to those with MUO (p=0.1).Conclusion: This study provides evidence that children identified as having MHO by the consensus-based criteria had better metabolic profile than youth with MUO, but worse than NW. Further research is needed in pediatric populations both regarding MHO criteria and the nature of the MHO phenotype per se.
DNA Preparation In Vitis Vinifera L. for Third Generation Sequencing
Authors: Bibi Androniki C. , Kollias Anastasios , Astrinaki Maria , Vassou Despoina , Kafetzopoulos Dimitris , Kalantidis Kriton , Moschou Panagiotis N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There have been several attempts to sequence the genome of Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), utilizing low-resolution second-generation platforms. Nevertheless, the characterization of the grapevine genetic resources and its adaptation to vulnerable conditions could be better addressed through extensive and high-resolution genome sequencing.MinION is a third-generation sequencer preferred by many laboratories due to its relatively low cost, ease of use and small size. Even though this long-read technology has been rapidly improving, to reach its full potential requires high-quality DNA.Results: Here we establish a workflow for DNA extraction suitable for MinION sequencing long reads from grapevine. This protocol was tested with leaf samples from different positions on annual growing branches of grapevine, Purified nuclei from fresh young leaves that led to high quality, long DNA fragments, suitable for long-read sequencing were successfully generated. It is evident that longer reads in grapevine associate with both fresh tissue and adjusted conditions used for nuclei purification.Conclusions: We propose that this workflow presents a significant advancement for long-read quality DNA isolation for grapevine and likely other plant species.