bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires to assess the distribution of orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders among university students: can different approaches lead to different results?
Authors: Gorrasi Ilaria Silvia Rossella , Ferraris Cinzia , Degan Raffaella , Daga Giovanni Abbate , Bo Simona , Tagliabue Anna , Guglielmetti Monica , Roppolo Mattia , Gilli Giorgio , Maran Daniela Acquadro , Carraro Elisabetta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Administration of questionnaires to assess the diffusion of disordered eating behaviours via the web is becoming common today. The aim of this study is to assess whether two different approaches of administering a test to assess traits of eating disorders (EDs), orthorexia nervosa (ON) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) by email recruitment and online completion (web-based survey—WBS) and by in person recruitment and paper-and-pencil completion (paper-based survey—PBS), gives different results.

Methods
During 2 consecutive academic years, a self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions about personal characteristics and three tests for the evaluation of ON (ORTO-15), MD (MDDI-ITA), and EDs (EAT-26) were administered to two groups of undergraduates, respectively, as a WBS and a PBS.

Results
The WBS response rate was 6.7% (N = 137), and the PBS response rate was 86.5% (N = 372). The WBS group showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of students with eating disordered behaviours (21.2% vs 5.4%) and registered a higher mean score on the EAT-26 test (13.5 ± 11.1 vs 6.0 ± 8.0); no differences between the two groups emerged for ON and MD prevalence and test scores. Moreover, in the WBS group, the number of students with one or more tests with test scores above the cut-off values was significantly higher (46.0% vs 32.3%).

Conclusion
The choice of the approach to administer a questionnaire to assess the diffusion of EDs and related issues must take into account all the factors that can result in selection bias and that can affect the reliability of the results.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive cross-sectional survey.
Kidney injury molecule-1: potential biomarker of acute kidney injury and disease severity in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Vogel Manuel J. , Mustroph Julian , Staudner Stephan T. , Leininger Simon B. , Hubauer Ute , Wallner Stefan , Meindl Christine , Hanses Frank , Zimmermann Markus , Maier Lars S. , Jungbauer Carsten G. , Hupf Julian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims
The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether tubular markers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase (NAG) are related to acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe disease in patients with COVID-19.

Methods and results
In this prospective observational clinical trial we examined a cohort of 80 patients with proof of acute respiratory infection and divided them into a COVID-19 cohort (n = 54) and a control cohort (n = 26). KIM-1 and NAG were measured from urine samples collected in the emergency department. We assessed the development of AKI, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intrahospital death as clinical endpoints. Urinary KIM-1 and NAG were not significantly different between patients with SARS-CoV-2 and those with other respiratory infections (each p = n.s.). Eight patients from the COVID-19 cohort and five of the non-COVID-19-patients suffered from acute kidney injury during their stay. Nine COVID-19 patients and two non-COVID-19 patients were admitted to the ICU. KIM-1 was significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients with, compared to those without AKI (p = 0.005), as opposed to NAG and creatinine (each p = n.s.). Furthermore, KIM-1 was significantly elevated in the patients with COVID-19 that had to be transferred to the ICU (p = 0.015), in contrast to NAG and creatinine (each p = n.s.).

Conclusion
Assessing KIM-1 in patients with COVID-19 might provide additional value in recognizing AKI at an early stage of disease. Further, KIM-1 might indicate higher risk for clinical deterioration as displayed by admission to the ICU.

Graphical abstract
Towards a balancing safety against performance approach in human–robot co-manipulation for door-closing emergencies
Authors: Liu Chuande , Yu Chuang , Gao Bingtuan , Ali Shah Syed Awais , Tapus Adriana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTelemanipulation in power stations commonly require robots first to open doors and then gain access to a new workspace. However, the opened doors can easily close by disturbances, interrupt the operations, and potentially lead to collision damages. Although existing telemanipulation is a highly efficient master–slave work pattern due to human-in-the-loop control, it is not trivial for a user to specify the optimal measures to guarantee safety. This paper investigates the safety-critical motion planning and control problem to balance robotic safety against manipulation performance during work emergencies. Based on a dynamic workspace released by door-closing, the interactions between the workspace and robot are analyzed using a partially observable Markov decision process, thereby making the balance mechanism executed as belief tree planning. To act the planning, apart from telemanipulation actions, we clarify other three safety-guaranteed actions: on guard, defense and escape for self-protection by estimating collision risk levels to trigger them. Besides, our experiments show that the proposed method is capable of determining multiple solutions for balancing robotic safety and work efficiency during telemanipulation tasks.
The Role of Fourier Series in Mathematics and in Signal Theory
Authors: Rønning Frode 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a praxeological analysis, based on ATD (Anthropological Theory of the Didactic), of the topic of Fourier series, as this topic is introduced and used in mathematics and in electrical engineering, more precisely in signal theory. The analysis is based mainly on one widely used textbook in mathematics for engineers, and a textbook and video lectures in signal theory. The aim of the analysis is to investigate possible differences in the motivation for introducing Fourier series in mathematics and in signal theory, as well as differences in the techniques used, and the justifications behind the techniques. This research is inspired by previous research showing lack of connection between mathematics courses and engineering courses applying mathematics. To get a wider perspective, the exposition in the textbook in mathematics for engineers is also compared to the exposition in more advanced books in mathematics. To add to the perspective, the historical origin of Fourier series is also discussed. The findings show that there are differences in the motivation for the topic both between mathematics and signal theory, but also between basic and more advanced mathematics. Within mathematics there are also differences in the underlying theories.
Automatic textual description of interactions between two objects in surveillance videos
Authors: Youssef Wael F. , Haidar Siba , Joly Philippe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our work is to automatically generate textual video description schemas from surveillance video scenes compatible with police incidents reports. Our proposed approach is based on a generic and flexible context-free ontology. The general schema is of the form [actuator] [action] [over/with] [actuated object] [+ descriptors: distance, speed, etc.]. We focus on scenes containing exactly two objects. Through elaborated steps, we generate a formatted textual description. We try to identify the existence of an interaction between the two objects, including remote interaction which does not involve physical contact and we point out when aggressivity took place in these cases. We use supervised deep learning to classify scenes into interaction or no-interaction classes and then into subclasses. The chosen descriptors used to represent subclasses are keys in surveillance systems that help generate live alerts and facilitate offline investigation.
The Social Account of Humour
Authors: Abrahams Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhilosophical accounts of humour standardly account for humour in terms of what happens within a person. On these internalist accounts, humour is to be understood in terms of cognition, perception, and sensation. These accounts, while valuable, are poorly situated to engage the social functions of humour. They have difficulty engaging why we value humour, why we use it define ourselves and our friendships, and why it may be essential to our self-esteem. In opposition to these internal accounts, I offer a social account of humour. This account approaches humour as a social practice. It foregrounds laughter and participation, and thereby gives an account of humour that helps to understand why we value humour, why we use it as we do, and why we use it to define our relationship to the world.
ORDINAL ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL COMBINATORY ALGEBRAS
Authors: SHAFER PAUL , TERWIJN SEBASTIAAN A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor every partial combinatory algebra (pca), we define a hierarchy of extensionality relations using ordinals. We investigate the closure ordinals of pca’s, i.e., the smallest ordinals where these relations become equal. We show that the closure ordinal of Kleene’s first model is
${\omega _1^{\textit {CK}}}$
and that the closure ordinal of Kleene’s second model is
$\omega _1$
. We calculate the exact complexities of the extensionality relations in Kleene’s first model, showing that they exhaust the hyperarithmetical hierarchy. We also discuss embeddings of pca’s.
HERMITIANS IN MATRIX ALGEBRAS WITH OPERATOR NORM – II
Authors: DUNCAN JOHN , McGREGOR COLIN M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe continue our investigation of the real space H of Hermitian matrices in $${M_n}(\mathbb{C})$$ with respect to norms on $${\mathbb{C}^n}$$. We complete the commutative case by showing that any proper real subspace of the real diagonal matrices on $${\mathbb{C}^n}$$ can appear as H. For the non-commutative case, we give a complete solution when n=3 and we provide various illustrative examples for n ≥ 4. We end with a short list of problems.
Artificial Agents in Natural Moral Communities: A Brief Clarification
Authors: Tigard Daniel W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat exactly is it that makes one morally responsible? Is it a set of facts which can be objectively discerned, or is it something more subjective, a reaction to the agent or context-sensitive interaction? This debate gets raised anew when we encounter newfound examples of potentially marginal agency. Accordingly, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and the idea of “novel beings” represent exciting opportunities to revisit inquiries into the nature of moral responsibility. This paper expands upon my article “Artificial Moral Responsibility: How We Can and Cannot Hold Machines Responsible” and clarifies my reliance upon two competing views of responsibility. Although AI and novel beings are not close enough to us in kind to be considered candidates for the same sorts of responsibility we ascribe to our fellow human beings, contemporary theories show us the priority and adaptability of our moral attitudes and practices. This allows us to take seriously the social ontology of relationships that tie us together. In other words, moral responsibility is to be found primarily in the natural moral community, even if we admit that those communities now contain artificial agents.
The Moral Status of Cognitively Enhanced Monkeys and Other Novel Beings
Authors: Arnason Gardar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe discussion about the moral status of novel beings tends to focus on artificial intelligence, robots, and other man-made systems. We should, however, also consider a likelier kind of novel beings: animals that are genetically modified to develop human-like cognitive capabilities. This paper focuses on the possibility of conferring human characteristics on nonhuman primates (NHPs) in the context of neuroscientific research. It first discusses the use of NHPs for neuroscientific research and then, second, describes recent developments that promise to revolutionize the field and how that may lead to NHPs attaining human-like cognitive capabilities. Third, an account of moral status is developed to ground the central claim, that making the NHP brain more human-like is unproblematic as long as the NHPs do not become persons. In conclusion, this paper discusses the implications for the moral status of cognitively enhanced NHPs, as well as the implications for other novel beings.
From computational indicators to law into technologies: the Internet of Things, data analytics and encoding in COVID-19 contact-tracing apps
Authors: Restrepo Amariles David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the data life-cycle of contact-tracing apps (CTAs) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the socio-legal implications resulting from the design and technology choices that software developers inevitably make. These choices are often neglected by policy-makers due to the inherent technical complexity of algorithmic decision systems and to certain naive belief in technological solutionism. In particular, this paper shows, first, that technology-harvested data do not reflect an objective representation of reality, and therefore require a context within which to be understood and interpreted for policy and legal purposes; and, second, that the use of data analytics to extract insights from these data enables the production of computational indicators. By looking at how CTAs are used to implement pandemic-mitigation restrictions such as lockdowns, quarantines, social distancing and testing, the paper ultimately brings forth the ways in which technologies – and thus their bias and ways of framing social reality – become embedded in the law.
Climate‐Based Emulator of Distant Swell Trains and Local Seas Approaching a Pacific Atoll
Authors: Cagigal Laura , Rueda Ana , Ricondo Alba , Pérez Jorge , Ripoll Nicolás , Coco Giovanni , Méndez Fernando J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWave‐induced flooding is a major coastal hazard for the low‐lying atolls of the Pacific. These flooding events are expected to increase over time, which may cause significant coastal damage in some locations. Coastal flooding analysis (forensic or forecasted) is particularly challenging in these small islands due to the co‐occurrence of several swells and local seas propagating in a complex configuration of archipelagos. Therefore, assessing the contribution of swells and wind seas on the flooding hazards that threaten the atoll islands requires the spectral characterization of the wave climate, since integrated wave parameters do not accurately represent the wave conditions in these environments. On the other hand, the relative short records of wave conditions, represent only a small fraction of the possible range of combinations that could produce a wave‐induced flooding event. For these reasons, we propose the analysis of all the spectral energy arriving toward a study site, by isolating and parameterizing each swell train. Then, taking into account the link with large‐scale climatic patterns (i.e., El Niño Southern Oscillation), we present a new multi‐modal seas emulator capable of generating infinitely long time series of synthetic individual swell trains and seas. This new climate‐based emulator allows a better understanding of swell behavior in the Pacific, and the generation of multimodal wave conditions to populate the historical records as a key point to perform robust coastal flood risk assessments considering climate variability.
A novel PTRH2 missense mutation causing IMNEPD: a case report
Authors: Khamirani Hossein Jafari , Zoghi Sina , Dianatpour Mehdi , Jankhah Aria , Tabei Seyed Sajjad , Mohammadi Sanaz , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPTRH2 deficiency is associated with an extremely rare disease, infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease (IMNEPD). We report the first Iranian patient with IMNEPD. We detected a pathogenic variant in the PTRH2 gene (NM_016077.5: c.68T > C, p.V23A). The proband has myopia, spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, urolithiasis, and a history of seizures.
Rapid detection of identity-by-descent tracts for mega-scale datasets
Authors: Shemirani Ruhollah , Belbin Gillian M. , Avery Christy L. , Kenny Eimear E. , Gignoux Christopher R. , Ambite José Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability to identify segments of genomes identical-by-descent (IBD) is a part of standard workflows in both statistical and population genetics. However, traditional methods for finding local IBD across all pairs of individuals scale poorly leading to a lack of adoption in very large-scale datasets. Here, we present iLASH, an algorithm based on similarity detection techniques that shows equal or improved accuracy in simulations compared to current leading methods and speeds up analysis by several orders of magnitude on genomic datasets, making IBD estimation tractable for millions of individuals. We apply iLASH to the PAGE dataset of ~52,000 multi-ethnic participants, including several founder populations with elevated IBD sharing, identifying IBD segments in ~3 minutes per chromosome compared to over 6 days for a state-of-the-art algorithm. iLASH enables efficient analysis of very large-scale datasets, as we demonstrate by computing IBD across the UK Biobank (~500,000 individuals), detecting 12.9 billion pairwise connections.
An optic to replace space and its application towards ultra-thin imaging systems
Authors: Reshef Orad , DelMastro Michael P. , Bearne Katherine K. M. , Alhulaymi Ali H. , Giner Lambert , Boyd Robert W. , Lundeen Jeff S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCenturies of effort to improve imaging has focused on perfecting and combining lenses to obtain better optical performance and new functionalities. The arrival of nanotechnology has brought to this effort engineered surfaces called metalenses, which promise to make imaging devices more compact. However, unaddressed by this promise is the space between the lenses, which is crucial for image formation but takes up by far the most room in imaging systems. Here, we address this issue by presenting the concept of and experimentally demonstrating an optical ‘spaceplate’, an optic that effectively propagates light for a distance that can be considerably longer than the plate thickness. Such an optic would shrink future imaging systems, opening the possibility for ultra-thin monolithic cameras. More broadly, a spaceplate can be applied to miniaturize important devices that implicitly manipulate the spatial profile of light, for example, solar concentrators, collimators for light sources, integrated optical components, and spectrometers.
BRCA1 binds TERRA RNA and suppresses R-Loop-based telomeric DNA damage
Authors: Vohhodina Jekaterina , Goehring Liana J. , Liu Ben , Kong Qing , Botchkarev Vladimir V. , Huynh Mai , Liu Zhiqi , Abderazzaq Fieda O. , Clark Allison P. , Ficarro Scott B. , Marto Jarrod A. , Hatchi Elodie , Livingston David M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractR-loop structures act as modulators of physiological processes such as transcription termination, gene regulation, and DNA repair. However, they can cause transcription-replication conflicts and give rise to genomic instability, particularly at telomeres, which are prone to forming DNA secondary structures. Here, we demonstrate that BRCA1 binds TERRA RNA, directly and physically via its N-terminal nuclear localization sequence, as well as telomere-specific shelterin proteins in an R-loop-, and a cell cycle-dependent manner. R-loop-driven BRCA1 binding to CpG-rich TERRA promoters represses TERRA transcription, prevents TERRA R-loop-associated damage, and promotes its repair, likely in association with SETX and XRN2. BRCA1 depletion upregulates TERRA expression, leading to overly abundant TERRA R-loops, telomeric replication stress, and signs of telomeric aberrancy. Moreover, BRCA1 mutations within the TERRA-binding region lead to an excess of TERRA-associated R-loops and telomeric abnormalities. Thus, normal BRCA1/TERRA binding suppresses telomere-centered genome instability.
Algebraic graph-assisted bidirectional transformers for molecular property prediction
Authors: Chen Dong , Gao Kaifu , Nguyen Duc Duy , Chen Xin , Jiang Yi , Wei Guo-Wei , Pan Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability of molecular property prediction is of great significance to drug discovery, human health, and environmental protection. Despite considerable efforts, quantitative prediction of various molecular properties remains a challenge. Although some machine learning models, such as bidirectional encoder from transformer, can incorporate massive unlabeled molecular data into molecular representations via a self-supervised learning strategy, it neglects three-dimensional (3D) stereochemical information. Algebraic graph, specifically, element-specific multiscale weighted colored algebraic graph, embeds complementary 3D molecular information into graph invariants. We propose an algebraic graph-assisted bidirectional transformer (AGBT) framework by fusing representations generated by algebraic graph and bidirectional transformer, as well as a variety of machine learning algorithms, including decision trees, multitask learning, and deep neural networks. We validate the proposed AGBT framework on eight molecular datasets, involving quantitative toxicity, physical chemistry, and physiology datasets. Extensive numerical experiments have shown that AGBT is a state-of-the-art framework for molecular property prediction.
Wide-range lifetime-tunable and responsive ultralong organic phosphorescent multi-host/guest system
Authors: Xie Zongliang , Zhang Xiayu , Wang Hailan , Huang Cheng , Sun Haodong , Dong Mengyang , Ji Lei , An Zhongfu , Yu Tao , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rational lifetime-tuning strategy of ultralong organic phosphorescence is extraordinarily important but seldom reported. Herein, a series of multi-host/guest ultralong organic phosphorescence materials with dynamic lifetime-tuning properties were reported. By doping a non-room-temperature phosphorescence emitter into various solid host matrices with continuously reduced triplet energy levels, a wide-range lifetime (from 3.9 ms gradually to 376.9 ms) phosphorescence with unchangeable afterglow colors were realized. Further studies revealed that the host matrices were employed to afford rigid environment and proper energy levels to generate and stabilize the long-live triplet excitons. Meanwhile, these multi-host/guest ultralong organic phosphorescence materials also exhibited excitation-dependent phosphorescence and temperature-controlled afterglow on/off switching properties, according to the virtue of various photophysical and thermal properties of the host matrices. This work provides a guiding strategy to realize lifetime-tuning ultralong organic phosphorescence with lifetime-order encoding characteristic towards widespread applications in time-resolved information displaying, higher-level security protection, and dynamic multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting.