bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Studies Course in the 21st Century Society: Perspective from Educators and Learners
Authors: Garcia Cherry E. 
Published: April 2021

The objective of study is to determine the role of Social Studies (Araling Panlipunan) to the present and modern society from the perceptions of the Social Studies teachers and senior high students of Zone 4, Division of Zambales, Philippines. The present study utilized a descriptive research and used a survey questionnaire for data collection. The study utilized also descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency counts, and mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16. The majority of the teachers in the present study are females, in their middle adulthood, specialize in Social Studies and are holders of bachelor’s degree with master’s units. The students are males, in their middle adolescence stage and were grade 11. The findings from the teachers and students’ perception show that the Social Studies teachers always execute lessons and provide classroom settings in which the roles of Social Studies Program to help the students acquire knowledge and enhance understanding on Contemporary Global Education, Civic and Citizenship Education, Contents and Knowledge, and develop Collaboration and Socio-Cultural Sensitivity skills are assured. On the other hand, the senior high school students believed that the role on developing Collaboration skill was always guaranteed at Social Studies classroom. The Analysis of variance computation resulted from a no significant difference in the perceptions of teachers on the Contents and Knowledge, Socio-Cultural Sensitivity, Collaboration, and Contemporary Global Education roles of Social Studies Program when attributed to teachers’ sex and highest educational attainment. There is highly significant difference in the perceptions on the Contents and Knowledge, Socio-Cultural Sensitivity, Collaboration, Civic & Citizenship Education, and Contemporary Global Education roles which can be acquired from learning Social Studies when attributed to students’ sex and grade level.
Relação entre o consumo de micronutrientes e distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos em pacientes renais em hemodiálise
Authors: Pinheiro Alexandre Danton Viana , Cortez Lorrainy Umbelina Alves de Souza , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , Braga Ribanna Aparecida Marques , Nogueira Maria Dinara de Araújo , Sousa Francisca Isabelle da Silva e , Medeiros Lívia Torres 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e o consumo de cálcio, potássio e fósforo em pacientes renais crônicos durante tratamento hemodialítico. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de corte transversal, composto por 33 participantes realizado em uma clínica de nefrologia em Fortaleza, executado entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Os dados dos hábitos alimentares foram coletados por meio da aplicação de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e os valores obtidos em gramatura foram divididos de acordo com a periodicidade do consumo a fim da obtenção de valores diários. Os níveis séricos de cálcio, potássio e fósforo foram obtidos por meio de consulta aos prontuários. Resultados: Média do consumo de cálcio de 641,8mg, potássio 2652,9mg, fósforo 1429,0mg onde o consumo de cálcio e potássio obtiveram maior adequação e fósforo menor adequação aos padrões de referência. Já os níveis séricos encontrados foi de 8,8mg/dL para cálcio, 5,5mg/dL para o potássio e fósforo de 5,1mg/dL. Não houve suficiência na correlação estatística entre consumo e níveis séricos Conclusão: O consumo inadequado de fósforo, além da concentração sérica desajustada deste, conferiram achados relevantes na atual pesquisa. O uso de quelantes e a metodologia empregada para mensuração do consumo de nutrientes parece interferir em resultados relatados de consumo alimentar, associado a isso, o controle da ingestão deve ser rigorosamente monitorado.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM KEAMANAN BERBASIS MIKROKTROLER DENGAN SMS GATEWAY MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Irsyada Rahmat , Sahri Sahri , Setiawan Akhmad Arif 
Published: April 2021

Dalam hal keamanan rumah dan memastikan rumah tersebut di lengkapi dengan fasilitas keamanan 24 jam. Hal tersebut dapat mengurangi sesuatu yang tidak kita inginkan. Sistem keamanan juga dapat di gunakan untuk memperoleh informasi umum tentang keadaan sekitar lingkungan kita. Kita sebagai makhluk sosial yang melakukan segala kegiatan di luar rumah guna memenuhi kebutuhan primer, hal itulah yang menyebabkan tindak kriminalitas meningkat di lingkungan sekitar kita. Oleh karena itu rumah perlu adanya sebuah sistem keamanan yang berbasis mikrokontroler menggunakan Arduino guna mengurangi angka kriminalitas yang ada disekitar kita. Sistem ini akan digunakansebagai peringatan terhadap pemilik rumah jika ada obyek yang masuk ke rumah tanpa seizin pemiliknya. . Oleh karena itu, dengan menerapkan sistem keamanan rumah menggunakan arduino ini, pemilik rumah akan mendapatkan notifikasi pesan singkat atau sms dan suara alarm. Sehingga apabila sistem keamanan di hidupkan, maka arduino akan aktif jika pintu terkena limit switch akan lansung memberikan inputan ke sistem. Jadi pemilik rumah mengetahuai ada orang yang membuka atau menutup pintu , sehingga dapat memastikan siapa yang membuka atau menuutup pintu
Agreement of Angiography-Derived and Wire-Based Fractional Flow Reserves in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ai Hu , Zheng Naixin , Li Le , Yang Guojian , Li Hui , Tang Guodong , Zhou Qi , Zhang Huiping , Yu Xue , Xu Feng , Zhao Ying , Sun Fucheng 
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronary angiography-derived fractional flow reserve (caFFR) measurements have shown good correlations and agreement with invasive wire-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements. However, few studies have examined the diagnostic performance of caFFR measurements before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study sought to compare the diagnostic performance of caFFR measurements against wire-based FFR measurements in patients before and after PCI.Methods: Patients who underwent FFR-guided PCI were eligible for the acquisition of caFFR measurements. Offline caFFR measurements were performed by blinded hospital operators in a core laboratory. The primary endpoint was the vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE), defined as a composite of vessel-related cardiovascular death, vessel-related myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization.Results: A total of 105 pre-PCI caFFR measurements and 65 post-PCI caFFR measurements were compared against available wire-based FFR measurements. A strong linear correlation was found between wire-based FFR and caFFR measurements (r = 0.77; p &lt; 0.001) before PCI, and caFFR measurements also showed a high correlation (r = 0.82; p &lt; 0.001) with wire-based FFR measurements after PCI. A total of 6 VOCEs were observed in 61 patients during follow-up. Post-PCI FFR values (≤0.82) in the target vessel was the strongest predictor of VOCE [hazard ratio (HR): 5.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–27.96; p = 0.036). Similarly, patients with low post-PCI caFFR values (≤0.83) showed an 8-fold higher risk of VOCE than those with high post-PCI caFFR values (&gt;0.83; HR: 8.83; 95% CI: 1.46–53.44; p = 0.017).Conclusion: The study showed that the caFFR measurements were well-correlated and in agreement with invasive wire-based FFR measurements before and after PCI. Similar to wire-based FFR measurements, post-PCI caFFR measurements can be used to identify patients with a higher risk for adverse events associated with PCI.
The Impact of Glycemic Control on Retinal Photoreceptor Layers and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Without Diabetic Retinopathy: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Ishibashi Fukashi , Kosaka Aiko , Tavakoli Mitra 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo establish the sequential changes by glycemic control in the mean thickness, volume and reflectance of the macular photoreceptor layers (MPRLs) and retinal pigment epithelium in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy.MethodsThirty-one poorly controlled (HbA1c &gt; 8.0%) patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy undergoing glycemic control and 39 control subjects with normal HbA1c levels (&lt; 5.9%) underwent periodical full medical, neurological and ophthalmological examinations over 2 years. Glycemic variability was evaluated by standard deviation and coefficient of variation of monthly measured HbA1c levels and casual plasma glucose. 3D swept source-optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Explorer-generated enface thickness, volume and reflectance images for 9 subfields defined by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study of 4 MPRLs {outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone, photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) and interdigitation zone} and retinal pigment epithelium were acquired every 3 months.ResultsGlycemic control sequentially restored the thickness and volume at 6, 4 and 5 subfields of outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and PROS, respectively. The thickness and volume of outer nuclear layer were restored related to the decrease in HbA1c and casual plasma glucose levels, but not related to glycemic variability and neurological tests. The reflectance of MPRLs and retinal pigment epithelium in patients was marginally weaker than controls, and further decreased at 6 or 15 months during glycemic control. The reduction at 6 months coincided with high HbA1c levels.ConclusionGlycemic control sequentially restored the some MPRL thickness, especially of outer nuclear layer. In contrast, high glucose during glycemic control decreased reflectance and may lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy induced by glycemic control. The repeated OCT examinations can clarify the benefit and hazard of glycemic control to the diabetic retinopathy.
Low Serum LH Levels During Ovarian Stimulation With GnRH Antagonist Protocol Decrease the Live Birth Rate After Fresh Embryo Transfers but Have No Impact in Freeze-All Cycles
Authors: Luo Yiyang , Liu Shan , Su Hui , Hua Lin , Ren Haiying , Liu Minghui , Wan Yuting , Li Huanhuan , Li Yuan 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the association between serum LH levels and the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) within one complete cycle, and the impact of serum LH levels on the live birth rate (LBR) after the initial embryo transfer (ET) considering different ET strategies (fresh or freeze-all).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity-affiliated reproductive center.Patients1480 normogonadotrophic women who underwent COS with GnRH antagonist protocol for the first IVF/ICSI attempt.Intervention(s)The sample was stratified into low and higher LH groups according to serum LH peak levels of &lt;4 (Group A) and ≥4 IU/L (Group B) during COS. Patients were also sub-grouped into conventional fresh/frozen ET cycles and freeze-all cycles.Main outcome measure(s)The LBR after the initial embryo transfer and the CLBR within one complete cycle.Secondary outcome measure(s)The numbers of day-3 high-quality embryos, the numbers of embryos available, and the other pregnancy outcomes after the initial ET.Result(s)In the whole cohort, the CLBRs decreased significantly in the low (63.1% vs. 68.3%, P=.034) LH group compared to the higher LH group. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with low LH levels had lower LBR after fresh ET (38.0% vs. 51.5%, P=.005) but comparable LBR after the first frozen-thawed ET (FET) in freeze-all cycles (49.8% vs. 51.8%, P=.517) than patients with higher LH peak levels. Likewise, patients with low LH levels had lower CLBR for conventional fresh/frozen ET cycles (54.8% vs. 66.1%, P=.015) but comparable CLBR for the freeze-all cycles (66.8% vs. 69.2%, P=.414) than those with higher LH levels. Following confounder adjustment, multivariable regression analyses showed that low LH level was an independent risk factor for the CLBR in the whole cohort (odds ratio (OR): 0.756, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.604-0.965, P=.014) and in patients who underwent the conventional ET strategy (OR: 0.596, 95% CI: 0.408-0.917, P=.017). Moreover, the adverse impact of low LH levels on LBRs maintained statistically significant after fresh transfers (OR: 0.532, 95% CI: 0.353-0.800, P=.002) but not after the first FETs in freeze-all cycles (OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.711-1.183, P=.508).Conclusion(s)In comparison with higher LH levels, low LH levels decrease the CLBRs per oocyte retrieval cycle for normogonadotrophic women who underwent COS using GnRH antagonists. This discrepancy may arise due to the significant detrimental effect of low LH levels on the LBRs after fresh embryo transfers.
Contralateral Regional Recurrence in Lateralized or Paramedian Early-Stage Oral Cancer Undergoing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy—Comparison to a Historic Elective Neck Dissection Cohort
Authors: Mahieu Rutger , den Toom Inne J. , Boeve Koos , Lobeek Daphne , Bloemena Elisabeth , Donswijk Maarten L. , de Keizer Bart , Klop W. Martin C. , Leemans C. René , Willems Stefan M. , Takes Robert P. , Witjes Max J. H. , de Bree Remco 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Nowadays, two strategies are available for the management of the clinically negative neck in early-stage (cT1-2N0) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): elective neck dissection (END) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). SLNB stages both the ipsilateral and the contralateral neck in early-stage OSCC patients, whereas the contralateral neck is generally not addressed by END in early-stage OSCC not involving the midline. This study compares both incidence and hazard of contralateral regional recurrences (CRR) in those patients who underwent END or SLNB.Materials and Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study, including 816 lateralized or paramedian early-stage OSCC patients, staged by either unilateral or bilateral END (n = 365) or SLNB (n = 451).Results: The overall rate of occult contralateral nodal metastasis was 3.7% (30/816); the incidence of CRR was 2.5% (20/816). Patients who underwent END developed CRR during follow-up more often than those who underwent SLNB (3.8 vs. 1.3%; p = 0.018). Moreover, END patients had a higher hazard for developing CRR than SLNB patients (HR = 2.585; p = 0.030). In addition, tumor depth of invasion was predictive for developing CRR (HR = 1.922; p = 0.009). Five-year disease-specific survival in patients with CRR was poor (42%) compared to patients in whom occult contralateral nodal metastases were detected by SLNB or bilateral END (88%), although not statistically different (p = 0.066).Conclusion: Our data suggest that SLNB allows for better control of the contralateral clinically negative neck in patients with lateralized or paramedian early-stage OSCC, compared to END as performed in a clinical setting. The prognosis of those in whom occult contralateral nodal metastases are detected at an earlier stage may be favorable compared to those who eventually develop CRR, which highlights the importance of adequate staging of the contralateral clinically negative neck.
Machine Learning for Mortality Prediction in Pediatric Myocarditis
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng , Ghimire Laxmi V. 
Published: April 2021

Background:Pediatric myocarditis is a rare disease. The etiologies are multiple. Mortality associated with the disease is 5–8%. Prognostic factors were identified with the use of national hospitalization databases. Applying these identified risk factors for mortality prediction has not been reported.Methods:We used the Kids' Inpatient Database for this project. We manually curated fourteen variables as predictors of mortality based on the current knowledge of the disease, and compared performance of mortality prediction between linear regression models and a machine learning (ML) model. For ML, the random forest algorithm was chosen because of the categorical nature of the variables. Based on variable importance scores, a reduced model was also developed for comparison.Results:We identified 4,144 patients from the database for randomization into the primary (for model development) and testing (for external validation) datasets. We found that the conventional logistic regression model had low sensitivity (~50%) despite high specificity (&gt;95%) or overall accuracy. On the other hand, the ML model struck a good balance between sensitivity (89.9%) and specificity (85.8%). The reduced ML model with top five variables (mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, ECMO, acute kidney injury, ventricular fibrillation) were sufficient to approximate the prediction performance of the full model.Conclusions:The ML algorithm performs superiorly when compared to the linear regression model for mortality prediction in pediatric myocarditis in this retrospective dataset. Prospective studies are warranted to further validate the applicability of our model in clinical settings.
Emodin Alleviates Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting the Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein (CIRP)-Mediated Activation of the NLRP3/IL-1β/CXCL1 Signaling
Authors: Xu Qiushi , Wang Mengfei , Guo Haoya , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Guixin , Xu Caiming , Chen Hailong 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). This study investigated the therapeutic effect of emodin and its molecular mechanisms in a rat model of SAP-ALI.Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the groups: Control (CON), SAP (SAP), emodin (EMO), and C23 (C23). The latter three groups of rats were induced for SAP-ALI by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct and were treated with vehicle, emodin or C23, respectively. One day post induction, their pancreatic and lung injury was assessed by histology and arterial blood gas analysis. In vitro, rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383 cells) were treated with recombinant rat CIRP in the presence or absence of TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor), C23 or emodin. The CIRP-mediated activation of the NLRP3/IL-1β/CXCL1 signaling in rat lungs and NR8383 cells was determined. Similarly, the role of IL-1β in the CIRP-induced CXCL1 expression was investigated.Results: Emodin treatment significantly reduced inflammation and tissue damages in the pancreatic and lung tissues in rats with SAP-ALI, accompanied by decreasing serum amylase, CIRP and IL-1β levels and improving lung function. Furthermore, emodin significantly mitigated the SAP-up-regulated CIRP expression in the pancreatic islets and lung tissues, and attenuated the SAP-activated NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome formation and CXCL1 expression in lung resident macrophages as well as neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of rats. In addition, treatment with CIRP significantly activated the NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome formation and induced IL-1β and CXCL1 expression and pyroptosis in NR8383 cells, which were abrogated by TAK242 and significantly mitigated by C23 or emodin. Moreover, CIRP only induced very lower levels of CXCL1 expression in IL-1β-silencing NR8383 cells and treatment with IL-1β induced CXCL1 expression in NR8383 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.Conclusion: Emodin may inhibit the CIRP-activated NLRP3/IL-1β/CXCL1signaling to decrease neutrophil infiltration and ameliorate the SAP-ALI in rats.
Retrospective Analysis of Psychological Factors in COVID-19 Outbreak Among Isolated and Quarantined Agricultural Students in a Borneo University
Authors: Muhamad Assikin Bin , Pang Nicholas Tze Ping , Salvaraji Loganathan , Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Omar Azizan 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:Much has been known about the psychological issues that can emerge in people who are quarantined and unable to move freely. The COVID-19 pandemic has no contrast from previous outbreaks like SARS and MERS regarding their ensuing worries and boosted anxiety levels. This article seeks to examine the unique psychological changes that occur in students who have been quarantined inside a university campus and assess sociodemographic factors associated with certain psychological factors.Methodology:The data was collected from students in an Agricultural Campus. In the first phase, the factor structure of the modified National Index Psychological Wellness (NIPW) was acceptable, and to establish statistical parameters for validation an exploratory factor analysis was done. In the second phase, IndependentT-tests, ANOVA, and Hierarchical Multiple regression were performed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0.Result/Discussion:A total of 46 male and 76 female students enrolled in this study. The Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p&lt; 0.001) and the Kaiser–Mayer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the AUDIT-M was 0.901. The Cronbach's alpha of the entire modified NIPW was 0.657 which suggests reasonable internal consistency and subscales between 0.913 and 0.924. Raw scores of 12 positive items were higher for the quarantined group except for “I can do daily routines,” “I understand what happens,” and “I understand the action that is performed is fair.” Raw mean scores of eight negative scoring items were higher in the quarantined group, except for “I feel angry” (2.88 vs. 2.89 for non-quarantined group). There were statistically significant differences between year groups for the questions “I understand what happens,” “I understand the action that is performed is fair,” and “I think everyone is good.”Conclusion:Movement control orders or compulsory quarantine orders can be distressing and may cause understandable psychological sequelae. Holistic management of a quarantine center that addresses the needs and health of an individual student will give a positive impact on psychological wellness. Quarantining facilities can be a place of positivity, allowing people to live a shared experience together, provide peer support for each other, and give each other hope.
Availability of Illegal Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Western Germany
Authors: Scherbaum Norbert , Bonnet Udo , Hafermann Henning , Schifano Fabrizio , Bender Stefan , Grigoleit Torsten , Kuhn Jens , Nyhuis Peter , Preuss Ulrich W. , Reymann Gerhard , Schneider Udo , Shibata Jo , Specka Michael 
Published: April 2021

Background: In response to the COVID-19-pandemic, a lockdown was established in the middle of March 2020 by the German Federal Government resulting in drastic reduction of private and professional traveling in and out of Germany with a reduction of social contacts in public areas.Research Questions: We seek evidence on whether the lockdown has led to a reduced availability of illegal drugs and whether subjects with substance-related problems tried to cope with possible drug availability issues by increasingly obtaining drugs via the internet, replacing their preferred illegal drug with novel psychoactive substances, including new synthetic opioids (NSO), and/or by seeking drug treatment.Methods: A questionnaire was anonymously filled in by subjects with substance-related disorders, typically attending low-threshold settings, drug consumption facilities, and inpatient detoxification wards from a range of locations in the Western part of Germany. Participants had to both identify their main drug of abuse and to answer questions regarding its availability, price, quality, and routes of acquisition.Results: Data were obtained from 362 participants. The most frequent main substances of abuse were cannabis (n = 109), heroin (n = 103), and cocaine (n = 75). A minority of participants reported decreased availability (8.4%), increased price (14.4%), or decreased quality (28.3%) of their main drug. About 81% reported no change in their drug consumption due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown. A shift to the use of novel psychoactive substances including NSO were reported only by single subjects. Only 1–2% of the participants obtained their main drug via the web.Discussion: Present findings may suggest that recent pandemic-related imposed restrictions may have not been able to substantially influence either acquisition or consumption of drugs within the context of polydrug users (including opiates) attending a range of addiction services in Germany.