bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Aberrant Muscular Overgrowth of Hands and Feet in Patients With PIK3CA Overgrowth Spectrum: A Multicentric Study of Case Series
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Miguel-Ferrero Miriam , Muñoz-Serrano Antonio J. , Triana Paloma , Martínez-González Víctor , Rodríguez-Laguna Lara , Boente María del Carmen , Torrelo Antonio , López-Gutiérrez Juan C. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The term “congenital muscular hyperplasia of the hand” refers to a distinctive enlargement of the hypothenar eminence associated with ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangic joints, macrodactyly, and enlargement of the forearm and/or the entire upper extremity. The presence of hyperplastic, aberrant or accessory muscles in the affected areas has been reported.

Methods:
We present a case series of patients diagnosed with aberrant muscular overgrowth of the hands or feet from 3 international institutions between 2008 and 2018.

Results:
Fourteen patients are reported. Hand involvement was observed in 10 patients, and in 4 patients, the lateral side of the foot was involved. Nine patients had a vascular malformation (lymphatic and/or capillary) associated either in the affected limb or elsewhere. In all cases, variable degrees of congenital overgrowth of the ipsilateral limb were observed. Skin punch biopsy (5 mm diameter and 3–5 mm depth) was performed on 7 patients. In all of them, striated muscle hyperplasia and the presence of striated muscular fibers in the dermis and hypodermis, thus revealing ectopic muscle, were observed. A somatic pathogenic variant in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic α polypeptide (PIK3CA) was demonstrated in 5 of the 7 biopsied patients, with a 2.7% to 15.7% of mosaicism (His1047Arg in 2 cases, and Cys378Arg, Glu542Lys, and Cys420Arg, 1 case each).

Conclusions:
Our case series supports muscular overgrowth as a distinct phenotype within the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum. Although initially described only in the hands, we have reported foot involvement in 4 cases. The role of PIK3CA in muscle overgrowth is not yet well understood.
Clinical significance of immunohistochemistry to detect BRAF V600E mutant protein in thyroid tissues
Authors: Zhang Yini , Liu Lidan , Liu Ye , Cao Nan , Wang Lifen , Xing Chengjuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of using immunohistochemistry (IHC) instead of PCR to detect BRAF V600E mutant protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to determine the value of using preoperative BRAF V600E mutant protein by IHC to assist in the diagnosis of thyroid nodule patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).
The expression of BRAFV600E mutant protein was measured in 23 cases of HT+PTC, 31 cases of PTC, and 28 cases of HT by IHC, followed by PCR in the same samples for validation. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
The sensitivity and specificity of IHC to detect BRAF V600E mutation were 100% and 42.86%, respectively. In addition, the mutation rate of BRAF V600E protein in the HT+PTC group (34.78%, 8/23) was lower than that in the PTC group (80.65%, 25/31).
The application of IHC to detect BRAF V600E mutant protein has good sensitivity but not specificity to diagnose PTC. IHC can be used as a preliminary screening method to detect BRAF V600E mutation. The strongly positive (+++) staining of IHC potently indicated BRAF V600E gene mutation. For suspicious thyroid nodules combined with HT, the detection of BRAF V600E mutant protein with IHC alone is not of great significance for differentiating benign and malignant nodules.
Frequency of Anxiety, Depression, and Irritability Symptoms in Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak and Potential Risk Factors Associated With These Symptoms
Authors: Dönmez Yunus Emre , Uçur Ömer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anxiety, depression, and irritability symptoms in children during the COVID-19 outbreak and to investigate the associated factors of these symptoms. This study was conducted with 1071 children aged 6 to 17. Results showed that 49.9% of the participants had anxiety symptoms, 29.5% had depression symptoms, and 51.4% had irritability symptoms. Low age was a potential risk factor for anxiety symptoms. Female sex was a potential risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms. A COVID-19 death in the family or environment was a potential risk factor for depression and irritability symptoms. Exposure to COVID-19 information on television and on the internet was a potential risk factor for anxiety, depression, and irritability symptoms. In conclusion, this study revealed that the COVID-19 outbreak may have serious effects on the mental health of children, and the study highlighted potential risk factors.
Perceptions of Authentic Nurse Leadership and Work Environment and the Pandemic Impact for Nurse Leaders and Clinical Nurses
Authors: Raso Rosanne , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. , Masick Kevin , Giordano-Mulligan Marie , Sweeney Cynthia D. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the pandemic impact on the relationship between nurses' perception of the authentic nurse leadership (ANL) of their manager and their perception of the work environment.

BACKGROUND
Both ANL and healthy work environment (HWE) contribute to staff and patient outcomes. Our 1st study of these 2 variables revealed a positive relationship. Will this be upheld in a pandemic year?

METHODS
More than 5000 nurses from a national sample participated in a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive study using the Authentic Nurse Leadership Questionnaire, the Critical Elements of a Healthy Work Environment Scale, and a pandemic impact on practice question.

RESULTS
Overall, nurses perceived ANL and HWE were present despite a high level of pandemic impact; however, when clinical nurses were separated from managers/directors, HWE was not present for frontline nurses. The moderate correlation of ANL and HWE was replicated in this larger study.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the 2nd study of the positive relationship between ANL and HWE using these models, supporting ANL as an essential standard of a HWE. ANL was present for clinical nurses in a pandemic year signaling that nurse leaders rose to meet frontline leadership needs. HWE was present overall, but not for clinical nurses. Leadership is essential to work environments and outcomes especially in times of crisis and significant change.
Surgical Outcomes in Urogynecology—Assessment of Perioperative and Postoperative Complications Relative to Preoperative Hemoglobin A1c—A Fellows Pelvic Research Network Study
Authors: Ringel Nancy E. , de Winter K. Lauren , Siddique Moiuri , Marczak Tara , Kisby Cassandra , Rutledge Emily , Soriano Alex , Samimi Parisa , Schroeder Michelle , Handler Stephanie , Zeymo Alexander , Gutman Robert E. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Poor control of diabetes mellitus is a known predictor of perioperative and postoperative complications. No literature to date has established a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cutoff for risk stratification in the urogynecology population. We sought to identify an HbA1c threshold predictive of increased risk for perioperative and postoperative complications after pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study involving 10 geographically diverse U.S. female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery programs identified women with diabetes who underwent prolapse and/or stress urinary incontinence surgery from September 1, 2013, to August 31, 2018. We collected information on demographics, preoperative HbA1c levels, surgery type, complications, and outcomes. Sensitivity analyses identified thresholds of complications stratified by HbA1c. Multivariate logistic regression further evaluated the association between HbA1c and complications after adjustments.

Results
Eight hundred seven charts were identified. In this diabetic cohort, the rate of overall complications was 44.1%, and severe complications were 14.9%. Patients with an am HbA1c value of 8% or greater (reference HbA1c, <8%) had an increased rate of both severe (27.1% vs 12.8%, P < 0.001) and overall complications (57.6% vs 41.8%, P = 0.002) that persisted after multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio, 2.618; 95% confidence interval, 1.560–4.393 and odds ratio, 1.931; 95% confidence interval, 1.264–2.949, respectively). Mesh complications occurred in 4.6% of sacrocolpopexies and 1.7% of slings. The average HbA1c in those with mesh exposures was 7.5%.

Conclusions
Preoperative HbA1c of 8% or higher was associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of overall and severe complications in diabetic patients undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery that persisted after adjustments.
Universality in biodiversity patterns: Variation in species-temperature and species-productivity relationships reveals a prominent role of productivity in diversity gradients
Authors: Bohdalková Eliška , Toszogyova Anna , Šímová Irena , Storch David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTemperature and productivity appear as universal positive correlates of species richness. However, the strength and the shape of species-temperature (STR) and species-productivity (SPR) relationships vary widely, and the causes of this variation are poorly known. We analysed (1) published species richness data for multiple taxa sampled in various regions and (2) different clades within vertebrate classes globally, to test for the effects of spatial scale and characteristics of examined taxa and regions on the strength and direction of STRs and SPRs. There are striking differences in the variation of the relationships among types of data, between ectotherms and endotherms and also between STRs and SPRs. Some sources of this variation are of statistical nature (e.g. the relationships are stronger if the range of temperature or productivity variation is wider), but non-statistical sources are more important and illuminate the processes responsible for the origin of biodiversity patterns. The SPRs are generally stronger and less variable than STRs, and SPR variation is weakly related to the explored factors – the SPRs are stronger in warmer regions in ectotherms, while clade size is the only factor consistently affecting the strength of the SPR in endotherms. In contrast, STRs are weaker and more variable, and this variation is linked to region characteristics - most importantly, STRs are stronger in the regions where temperature positively correlates with productivity, indicating that productivity plays a role even in the STRs. The effect of temperature on species richness is thus complex and context-dependent, while productivity is a more universal driver of species richness patterns, largely independent of particular characteristics of given region or taxon. Productivity thus appears as the main proximate driver of species richness patterns, probably due to its effect on the limits of the number of viable populations which can coexist in a given environment.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep on Twitter: A labelled dataset for public health research
Authors: Hossein Abad Zahra Shakeri , Butler Gregory P. , Thompson Wendy , Lee Joon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAdvances in automated data processing, together with the unprecedented growth in user-generated social media (SM) content, have made public health surveillance (PHS) one of the long-lasting SM applications. However, the existing PHS systems feeding on SM data have not been widely deployed in national surveillance systems, which appears to stem from the lack of practitioners’ trust in SM data. More robust datasets over which machine learning (ML) models can be trained/tested reliably is a significant step toward overcoming this hurdle. The health implications of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (PASS) are widely studied through traditional data sources, which are often out-of-date, costly to collect, and thus limited in quantity and coverage. We present LPHEADA, a multicountry and fully Labelled digital Public HEAlth DAtaset of tweets originated in Australia/Canada/United Kingdom/United States between November 2018-June 2020. LPHEADA contains 366,405 labels for 122,135 PASS-related tweets and provides details about the place/time/demographics associated with each tweet. LPHEADA is publicly available and can be utilized to develop (un)supervised ML models for digital PASS surveillance.
Geographic and demographic heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in Illinois, USA, March to December 2020
Authors: Holden Tobias M , Richardson Reese A.K. , Arevalo Philip , Duffus Wayne A. , Runge Manuela , Whitney Elena , Wise Leslie , Ezike Ngozi O. , Patrick Sarah , Cobey Sarah , Gerardin Jaline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAvailability of SARS-CoV-2 testing in the United States (U.S.) has fluctuated through the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in the U.S. state of Illinois. Despite substantial ramp-up in test volume, access to SARS-CoV-2 testing remains limited, heterogeneous, and insufficient to control spread.MethodsWe compared SARS-CoV-2 testing rates across geographic regions, over time, and by demographic characteristics (i.e., age and racial/ethnic groups) in Illinois during March through December 2020. We compared age-matched case fatality ratios and infection fatality ratios through time to estimate the fraction of SARS-CoV-2 infections that have been detected through diagnostic testing.ResultsBy the end of 2020, initial geographic differences in testing rates had closed substantially. Case fatality ratios were higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino populations in Illinois relative to non-Hispanic White populations, suggesting that tests were insufficient to accurately capture the true burden of COVID-19 disease in the minority populations during the initial epidemic wave. While testing disparities decreased during 2020, Hispanic/Latino populations consistently remained the least tested at 1.87 tests per 1000 population per day compared with 2.58 and 2.87 for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations, respectively, at the end of 2020. Despite a large expansion in testing since the beginning of the first wave of the epidemic, we estimated that over half (50-80%) of all SARS-CoV-2 infections were not detected by diagnostic testing and continued to evade surveillance.ConclusionsSystematic methods for identifying relatively under-tested geographic regions and demographic groups may enable policymakers to regularly monitor and evaluate the shifting landscape of diagnostic testing, allowing officials to prioritize allocation of testing resources to reduce disparities in COVID-19 burden and eventually reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Expectant parents’ perceptions of healthcare and support during COVID-19 in the UK: A thematic analysis
Authors: Aydin Ezra , Glasgow Kevin A. , Weiss Staci M. , Austin Topun , Johnson Mark , Barlow Jane , Lloyd-Fox Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, expectant parents experienced changes in the availability and uptake of both NHS community and hospital-based healthcare.ObjectiveTo examine how COVID-19 and its societal related restrictions have impacted the provision of healthcare support for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodA thematic analysis using an inductive approach was undertaken of data from open-ended responses using data from the national COVID in Context of Pregnancy, Infancy and Parenting (CoCoPIP) Study online survey (N = 507 families).ResultsThe overarching theme identified was the way in which the changes to healthcare provision increased parents’ anxiety levels, and feelings of not being supported. Five sub-themes, associated with the first wave of the pandemic, were identified: (1) rushed and/or fewer antenatal appointments, (2) lack of sympathy from healthcare workers, (3) lack of face-to-face appointments, (4) requirement to attend appointments without a partner, and (5) requirement to use PPE. A sentiment analysis, that used quantitative techniques, revealed participant responses to be predominantly negative (50.1%), with a smaller proportion of positive (21.8%) and neutral (28.1%) responses found.ConclusionThis study provides evidence indicating that the changes to healthcare services for pregnant women during the pandemic increased feelings of anxiety and have left women feeling inadequately supported. Our findings highlight the need for compensatory social and emotional support for new and expectant parents while COVID-19 related restrictions continue to impact on family life and society.
The COvid-19 Pandemic and Exercise (COPE) Trial: A multi-group randomized controlled trial comparing effects of an app-based, at-home exercise program to waitlist control on depressive symptoms
Authors: Puterman Eli , Hives Benjamin A. , Mazara Nicole , Grishin Nikol , Webster Joshua , Hutton Stacey , Koehle Michael , Liu Yan , Beauchamp Mark R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of adults across the globe with significant depressive symptoms has grown substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extant literature supports exercise as a potent behavior that can significantly reduce depressive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations.ObjectiveUsing a suite of mobile applications, at-home exercise, including high intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or yoga, was completed to reduce depressive symptoms in the general population in the early months of the pandemic.MethodsA 6-week, parallel, multi-arm, randomized controlled trial was completed with 4 groups: [1] HIIT, [2] Yoga, [3] HIIT+Yoga, and [4] waitlist control (WLC). Low active, English-speaking, non-retired Canadians aged 18-64 years were included. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and weekly following randomization.ResultsA total of 334 participants were randomized to one of four groups. No differences in depressive symptoms were evident at baseline. The results of latent growth modeling showed significant treatment effects for each active group compared to the WLC, with small effect sizes in the community-based sample of participants. Treatment groups were not significantly different from each other. Effect sizes were very large when restricting analyses only to participants with high depressive symptoms at baseline.ConclusionsAt-home exercise is a potent behavior to improve mental health in adults during the pandemic, especially in those with increased levels of depressive symptoms. Promotion of at-home exercise may be a global public health target with important personal, social, and economic implications as the world emerges scathed by the pandemic.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov #NCT04400279Summary BoxThis randomized controlled trial provides strong evidence suggesting that at-home app-based exercise in various forms (high intensity interval training or yoga or their combination) can significantly improve depression symptoms over a 6-week period in community adults during the pandemic. When the sample was restricted to only those with high baseline depression symptoms, the weekly effects were substantially large. At-home exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic proved to be an impactful and affordable health behavior in which community living adults, especially those with high depression symptoms, can engage to bolster their mental health. In light of the long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 with which many adults are expected to struggle, even after a return to normal, promoting and supporting programming in communities at the individual level will emerge as a necessary health policy initiative.
Emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage and its characteristics at an outpatient testing site in Berlin, Germany, January-March 2021
Authors: van Loon Welmoed , Rössig Heike , Burock Susen , Hofmann Jörg , Bernhardt Julian , Linzbach Elizabeth , Pettenkofer Domenika , Schönfeld Christian , Gertler Maximilian , Seybold Joachim , Kurth Tobias , Mockenhaupt Frank P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin five weeks in early 2021, B.1.1.7 became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineage at an outpatient testing site in Berlin. Characteristics including Ct-values of 193 and 125 recently ill outpatients with B.1.1.7 and wildtype virus, respectively, were similar, except for more commonly reported sore throat and travel, and less frequently stated loss of smell and taste in the former.
Access to palivizumab among children at high risk of respiratory syncytial virus complications in English hospitals
Authors: Zylbersztejn Ania , Almossawi Ofran , Gudka Nikesh , Tompsett Daniel , De Stavola Bianca , Standing Joseph F , Smyth Rosalind , Hardelid Pia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesPalivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which can prevent infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Due to its high cost, it is recommended for high-risk infants only. We aimed to determine the proportion of infants eligible for palivizumab treatment in England who receive at least one dose.MethodsWe used the Hospital Treatment Insights database containing hospital admission records linked to hospital pharmacy dispensing data for 43/153 hospitals in England. Infants born between 2010 and 2016 were considered eligible for palivizumab if their medical records indicated chronic lung disease (CLD), congenital heart disease (CHD), or severe immunodeficiency (SCID), and they met additional criteria based on gestational age at birth and age at start of the RSV season (beginning of October). We calculated the proportion of infants who received at least one dose of palivizumab in their first RSV season, and modelled the odds of treatment according to multiple child characteristics using logistic regression models.ResultsWe identified 3,712 eligible children, of whom 2,479 (67%) had complete information on all risk factors. Palivizumab was prescribed to 832 of eligible children (34%). Being born at <30 weeks’ gestation, aged <6 months at the start of RSV season, and having two or more of CLD, CHD or SCID were associated with higher odds of treatment.ConclusionIn England, palivizumab is not prescribed to the majority of children who are eligible to receive it. Doctors managing these infants might be unfamiliar with the eligibility criteria or are constrained by other considerations, such as cost.
Classifying Drug Ratings Using User Reviews with Transformer-Based Language Models
Authors: Shiju Akhil , He Zhe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrugs.com provides users’ textual reviews and numeric ratings of drugs. However, text reviews may not always be consistent with the numeric ratings. Overly positive or negative rating may be misleading. In this project, to classify user ratings of drugs with their textual reviews, we built classification models using traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches. Machine learning models including Random Forest and Naive Bayesian classifiers were built using TF-IDF features as input. Also, transformer-based neural network models including BERT, BioBERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, ELECTRA, and ALBERT were built using the raw text as input. Overall, BioBERT model outperformed the other models with an overall accuracy of 87%. We further identified UMLS concepts from the postings and analyzed their semantic types in the postings stratified by the classification result. This research demonstrated that transformer-based models can be used to classify drug reviews and identify reviews that are inconsistent with the ratings.