bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating charge carriers in carbon dots toward efficient solar‐to‐energy conversion
Authors: Kim Namhee , Lee Jiyoung , Gu Minsu , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrowing attention to the development of sustainable solar‐to‐energy conversion applications has resulted in the synthesis of promising and environment‐friendly nanomaterials as energy harvesters. Among various carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have received significant attention due to their excellent light absorption capability, broad absorption region, and superior photostability with enormous potential for solar energy applications. Therefore, utilizing and modulating the charge carriers generated from CDs is critical for achieving a high energy conversion efficiency of CDs. Herein, we focus on the distinct characteristics of CDs as energy converters from charge excitation to charge separation and transfer for various solar‐to‐energy applications, including photovoltaic cells, photocatalysts, and photoelectrocatalysts. We anticipate that this review will offer insight into the synthesis and design of novel nanocomposites with a fundamental analysis of the photochemical properties and future development of energy conversion devices.
Comparative Investigation into the Complexation and Extraction Properties of Tridentate and Tetradentate Phosphine Oxide‐Functionalized 1,10‐Phenanthroline Ligands toward Lanthanides and Actinides
Authors: Xu Lei , Hao Yuxun , Yang Xiao , Wang Zhipeng , Xu Chao , Borisova Nataliya E. , Sun Mingze , Zhang Xingwang , Lei Lecheng , Xiao Chengliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo new phosphine oxide‐functionalized 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands, tetradentate 2,9‐bis(butylphenylphosphine oxide)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BuPh‐BPPhen, L1) and tridentate 2‐(butylphenylphosphine oxide)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BuPh‐MPPhen, L2), were synthesized and studied comparatively for their coordination with trivalent actinides and lanthanides. The complexation mechanisms of these two ligands toward trivalent f‐block elements were thoroughly elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, solvent extraction, and theoretical calculation methods. NMR titration results demonstrated that 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (metal to ligand) lanthanides complexes formed for L1, whereas 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 lanthanide complexes formed for L2 in methanol. The formation of these species was validated by fluorescence spectrometry, and the corresponding stability constants for the complexes of NdIII with L1 and L2 were determined by using UV/vis spectrophotometry. Structures of the 10‐coordinated 1 : 1‐type complexes of EuL1(NO3)3 and [EuL2(NO3)3(H2O)] Et2O in the solid state were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. In solvent‐extraction experiments, L1 exhibited extremely strong extraction ability for both AmIII and EuIII, whereas L2 showed nearly no extraction toward AmIII or EuIII due to its high hydrophilicity. Finally, the structures and bonding natures of the complex species formed between AmIII/EuIII and L1/L2 were analyzed in DFT calculations.
High‐performance anomaly intrusion detection system with ensemble neural networks on reconfigurable hardware
Authors: Thinh Tran Ngoc , Bao Tran Hoang Quoc , Ngo Duc‐Minh , Pham‐Quoc Cuong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this article, we propose an ensemble neural network approach so that multiple neuron network models can be deployed concurrently for detecting anomalies in a system. Additionally, a high‐performance architecture integrating the neural networks for reconfigurable hardware is also designed to exploit the parallelism of the technology. We carefully implement four different models for detecting SYN, DNS, UNP, and ICMP attacks with the same configuration of neural networks on the NetFPGA platform. The neural networks can be executed in the pipeline to improve performance. Experiments with the generated dataset are conducted to test both performance in terms of throughput and accuracy. Our experimental results show that the system can process packets with throughput up to 30.48Gbps and is able to recognize 99.98% attacking packets with only 0.98% false alarms.
Controlled Fabrication and Characterization of Coronene Diimide‐Based Insoluble Thin Films Produced by Photoinduced Cyclization
Authors: Ogawa Tomoya , Kuzuhara Daiki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn insoluble thin film of a coronene diimide (CDI) derivative was fabricated from a soluble precursor of perylene diimide (PDI) by photoirradiation. We prepared a 1,7‐diarylated PDI (TP‐PDI) that can be converted into a coronene diimide (TP‐CDI) derivative via a Scholl‐type photocyclization reaction. This reaction was accompanied by structural changes from a twisted structure to a π‐extended planar molecule. It was found that this photoconversion reaction occurs for both solution‐based and thin‐film‐based reactants investigated by the changes of UV‐vis absorption spectra and 1H NMR spectra. The photocyclization reactions were found to proceed smoothly in polar solvents. In the thin‐film state, the solvent vapor annealing method is a key process for achieving photoconversion reaction. Additionally, the fabrication of multi‐layered thin films was achieved without undesirable dissolution of the underlying layers because of different solubilities of TP‐PDI and TP‐CDI.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Competitive Stereo‐ and Regioisomerization of (E)‐β‐Nitroenones
Authors: Raviola Carlotta , Carrera Cristina , Serra Massimo , Palmieri Alessandro , Lupidi Gabriele , Maestri Giovanni , Protti Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA combined experimental and computational investigation of the photoreactivity of (E)‐β‐nitroenones pointed out the occurrence of competitive pathways namely stereoisomerisation to (E)‐β‐nitroenones and deconjugation to β‐nitro‐β,γ‐enones. Both processes are generated from the triplet excited state of the starting substrates.
Students’ experiences of a first‐year block model curriculum in higher education
Authors: Ambler Trudy , Solomonides Ian , Smallridge Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe first year in Higher Education (HE) is an international priority because of its importance to the retention of students. While initiatives to improve students’ commencing experience continue to develop one area that has received limited consideration is the first‐year curriculum. The aim of the research reported in this paper was to enhance the student experience in HE by expanding understandings of the first‐year curriculum. Focus groups and an online questionnaire were the research methods used to, explore students’ experiences of learning in a newly developed First‐Year Block Model (FYBM) curriculum, implemented at a university in Australia. Findings from the research revealed that features in the design of the FYBM framed and permeated the students’ experiences of learning. The students explained that a sense of familiarity, curriculum leadership, teaching and teachers and curriculum customisation influenced their engagement and achievements. The study highlights that HE requires staff who possess deep knowledge and expertise in the first‐year curriculum because this valuable asset can positively influence student learning and success.
Interval‐based features of auditory ERPs for diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sabbaghi Neda , Sheikhani Ali , Noroozian Maryam , Sabbaghi Navide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt has been demonstrated that event‐related potentials (ERPs) mirror the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may therefore qualify as diagnostic markers. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of interval‐based features as possible ERP biomarkers for early detection of AD patients.MethodsThe current results are based on 7‐channel ERP recordings of 95 healthy controls (HCs) and 75 subjects with mild AD acquired during a three‐stimulus auditory oddball task. To evaluate interval‐based features as diagnostic biomarkers in AD, two classifiers were applied to the selected features to distinguish AD and healthy control ERPs: RBFNN (radial basis function neural network) and MLP (multilayer perceptron).ResultsUsing extracted features and a radial basis function neural network, a high overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.3% was achieved.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate the great promise for scalp ERP and interval‐based features as non‐invasive, objective, and low‐cost biomarkers for early AD detection.
Repeated ecological and life cycle transitions make salamanders an ideal model for evolution and development
Authors: Bonett Ronald M. , Ledbetter Nicholus M. , Hess Alexander J. , Herrboldt Madison A. , Denoël Mathieu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObservations on the ontogeny and diversity of salamanders provided some of the earliest evidence that shifts in developmental trajectories have made a substantial contribution to the evolution of animal forms. Since the dawn of evo‐devo there have been major advances in understanding developmental mechanisms, phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary models, and an appreciation for the impact of ecology on patterns of development (eco‐evo‐devo). Molecular phylogenetic analyses have converged on strong support for the majority of branches in the Salamander Tree of Life, which includes 764 described species. Ancestral reconstructions reveal repeated transitions between life cycle modes and ecologies. The salamander fossil record is scant, but key Mesozoic species support the antiquity of life cycle transitions in some families. Colonization of diverse habitats has promoted phenotypic diversification and sometimes convergence when similar environments have been independently invaded. However, unrelated lineages may follow different developmental pathways to arrive at convergent phenotypes. This article summarizes ecological and endocrine‐based causes of life cycle transitions in salamanders, as well as consequences to body size, genome size, and skeletal structure. Salamanders offer a rich source of comparisons for understanding how the evolution of developmental patterns has led to phenotypic diversification following shifts to new adaptive zones.
Multimodality assessment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction skeletal muscle reveals differences in the machinery of energy fuel metabolism
Authors: Zamani Payman , Proto Elizabeth A. , Wilson Neil , Fazelinia Hossein , Ding Hua , Spruce Lynn A. , Davila Antonio , Hanff Thomas C. , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Prenner Stuart B. , Desjardins Benoit , Margulies Kenneth B. , Kelly Daniel P. , Arany Zoltan , Doulias Paschalis‐Thomas , Elrod John W. , Allen Mitchell E. , McCormack Shana E. , Schur Gayatri Maria , D'Aquilla Kevin , Kumar Dushyant , Thakuri Deepa , Prabhakaran Karthik , Langham Michael C. , Poole David C. , Seeholzer Steven H. , Reddy Ravinder , Ischiropoulos Harry , Chirinos Julio A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsSkeletal muscle (SkM) abnormalities may impact exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to quantify differences in SkM oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OxPhos), fibre composition, and the SkM proteome between HFpEF, hypertensive (HTN), and healthy participants.Methods and resultsFifty‐nine subjects (20 healthy, 19 HTN, and 20 HFpEF) performed a maximal‐effort cardiopulmonary exercise test to define peak oxygen consumption (VO2, peak), ventilatory threshold (VT), and VO2 efficiency (ratio of total work performed to O2 consumed). SkM OxPhos was assessed using Creatine Chemical‐Exchange Saturation Transfer (CrCEST, n = 51), which quantifies unphosphorylated Cr, before and after plantar flexion exercise. The half‐time of Cr recovery (t1/2, Cr) was taken as a metric of in vivo SkM OxPhos. In a subset of subjects (healthy = 13, HTN = 9, and HFpEF = 12), percutaneous biopsy of the vastus lateralis was performed for myofibre typing, mitochondrial morphology, and proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. HFpEF subjects demonstrated lower VO2,peak, VT, and VO2 efficiency than either control group (all P < 0.05). The t1/2, Cr was significantly longer in HFpEF (P = 0.005), indicative of impaired SkM OxPhos, and correlated with cycle ergometry exercise parameters. HFpEF SkM contained fewer Type I myofibres (P = 0.003). Proteomic analyses demonstrated (a) reduced levels of proteins related to OxPhos that correlated with exercise capacity and (b) reduced ERK signalling in HFpEF.ConclusionsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients demonstrate impaired functional capacity and SkM OxPhos. Reductions in the proportions of Type I myofibres, proteins required for OxPhos, and altered phosphorylation signalling in the SkM may contribute to exercise intolerance in HFpEF.
Perhexiline treatment improves toxic effects of β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation in experimental peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pfeffer Tobias J. , List Manuel , Müller Julia H. , Scherr Michaela , Bauersachs Johann , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise , Ricke‐Hoch Melanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a pregnancy‐associated cardiomyopathy that occurs in previously heart‐healthy women towards the end of pregnancy or in the first months after delivery and is characterized by heart failure due to systolic dysfunction. The clinical course of PPCM differs between mild symptoms and severe forms with acute heart failure complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Treatment of CS complicating PPCM is challenging, as β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) stimulation seems to be associated with progression of heart failure and adverse outcome. This experimental study aims to examine whether postpartum treatment with the glucose uptake‐promoting drug perhexiline alone or as co‐treatment with β‐AR stimulation prevents heart failure in the experimental PPCM mouse model.Methods and resultsPostpartum (PP) female PPCM‐prone mice with a cardiomyocyte‐restricted STAT3‐deficiency (αMHC‐Cretg/+;Stat3fl/fl; CKO) were treated with perhexiline over two to three pregnancies and nursing periods (2/3PP) or were co‐treated with perhexiline after one pregnancy (1PP) under chronic β‐AR stimulation using isoproterenol (Iso) infusion. Perhexiline was not able to prevent onset of PPCM in CKO mice (FS: CKO Pexsig‐2/3PP: 25 ± 12% vs. CKO Ctrl‐2/3PP: 24 ± 9%, n.s.) but attenuated worsening of left ventricular function in response to treatment with the β‐AR agonist Iso (FS: CKO Pexsig‐Iso‐1PP: 19 ± 4% vs. CKO Ctrl‐Iso‐1PP: 11 ± 5%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment of PPCM patients with β‐AR agonists should be avoided whenever possible. In cases with CS complicating PPCM, when treatment with β‐AR agonists cannot be prevented, co‐medication with perhexiline might help to reduce the cardiotoxic side effects of β‐AR stimulation. Clinical data are necessary to further validate this therapeutic approach.
Right‐ventricular dysfunction in HFpEF is linked to altered cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and myofilament sensitivity
Authors: Hegemann Niklas , Primessnig Uwe , Bode David , Wakula Paulina , Beindorff Nicola , Klopfleisch Robert , Michalick Laura , Grune Jana , Hohendanner Felix , Messroghli Daniel , Pieske Burkert , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Heinzel Frank R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is frequently (30%) associated with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, which increases morbidity and mortality in these patients. Yet cellular mechanisms of RV remodelling and RV dysfunction in HFpEF are not well understood. Here, we evaluated RV cardiomyocyte function in a rat model of metabolically induced HFpEF.Methods and resultsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction‐prone animals (ZSF‐1 obese) and control rats (Wistar Kyoto) were fed a high‐caloric diet for 13 weeks. Haemodynamic characterization by echocardiography and invasive catheterization was performed at 22 and 23 weeks of age, respectively. After sacrifice, organ morphometry, RV histology, isolated RV cardiomyocyte function, and calcium (Ca2+) transients were assessed. ZSF‐1 obese rats showed a HFpEF phenotype with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV diastolic dysfunction (including increased LV end‐diastolic pressures and E/e′ ratio), and preserved LV ejection fraction. ZSF‐1 obese animals developed RV dilatation (50% increased end‐diastolic area) and mildly impaired RV ejection fraction (42%) with evidence of RV hypertrophy. In isolated RV cardiomyocytes from ZSF‐1 obese rats, cell shortening amplitude was preserved, but cytosolic Ca2+ transient amplitude was reduced. In addition, augmentation of cytosolic Ca2+ release with increased stimulation frequency was lost in ZSF‐1 obese rats. Myofilament sensitivity was increased, while contractile kinetics were largely unaffected in intact isolated RV cardiomyocytes from ZSF‐1 obese rats. Western blot analysis revealed significantly increased phosphorylation of cardiac myosin‐binding protein C (Ser282 cMyBP‐C) but no change in phosphorylation of troponin I (Ser23, 24 TnI) in RV myocardium from ZSF‐1 obese rats.ConclusionsRight ventricular dysfunction in obese ZSF‐1 rats with HFpEF is associated with intrinsic RV cardiomyocyte remodelling including reduced cytosolic Ca2+ amplitudes, loss of frequency‐dependent augmentation of Ca2+ release, and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.
Does renin‐angiotensin system inhibition have impacts on muscle mass and bone mineral density in heart failure patients?
Authors: Katano Satoshi , Yano Toshiyuki , Shimizu Masaki , Ohori Katsuhiko , Kouzu Hidemichi , Koyama Masayuki , Nagaoka Ryohei , Inoue Takuya , Takamura Yuhei , Ishigo Tomoyuki , Takashima Hiroyuki , Katayose Masaki , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsResults of experimental studies have indicated the possibility of muscle and bone mass being negatively regulated by renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) activation, but that possibility has not been analysed in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsData for HF patients who received a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan in our hospital were reviewed. Propensity scores for the use of RAS inhibitors (RASIs) were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model to minimize selection bias. One hundred sixty pairs of patients were extracted. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly lower in the RASIs group than in the no‐RASIs group (119 [IQR 71–185] vs. 94 [IQR 60–131] pg/mL, P = 0.003), confirming RAS inhibition in the RASIs group. Skeletal muscle mass index tended to be higher in the RASIs group than in the non‐RASIs group (15.6 [IQR 14.0–17.2] vs. 15.0 [IQR 13.3–16.6] pg/mL, P = 0.065). The proportion of patients with muscle wasting, defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass indexes of <7.00 and <5.40 kg/m2 for males and females, respectively, was significantly lower in the RASIs group than in the non‐RASIs group (53% vs. 64%, P = 0.041). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the no use of RASIs was associated with presence of muscle wasting independently of age, presence of diabetes, renal function, and severity of HF. Bone mineral densities and proportions of patients with osteoporosis were similar in the two groups.ConclusionsRenin‐angiotensin system inhibition is associated with a lower prevalence of muscle wasting in HF patients independently of established risk factors.
Unexpected Formation of the Highly Symmetric Borate Ion [B(SiCl3)4]−
Authors: Bochmann Sebastian , Böhme Uwe , Brendler Erica , Friebel Mike , Gerwig Maik , Gründler Franziska , Günther Betty , Kroke Edwin , Lehnert Robert , Ruppel Lars 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDisproportionation reactions of chlorosilane compounds in the presence of boron trichloride yield the compound H[B(SiCl3)4]. Spectroscopic analyses of the yellow‐whitish solid with IR‐, Raman‐, and NMR‐spectroscopy (29Si, 11B) show the presence of a highly symmetric anion containing boron, which is fourfold coordinated with silicon. Due to the high symmetry 1J(11B,29Si) and even 1J (10B, 29Si) couplings can be observed in the NMR spectra of the dissolved compound. The crystal structure analysis with a crystal obtained from toluene solution proves the existence of a highly symmetric borate anion, which is stabilized by four trichlorosilyl groups. The molecular structure consists of a para‐protonated toluene cation and the weakly coordinating borate anion [B(SiCl3)4]−. Quantum chemical analysis of the tetrakis(trichlorosilyl)borate ion shows a negatively charged boron atom and the presence of polar Si−Cl and Si−B bonds. Highly reactive compounds [E(SiCl3)n]− which are stabilized solely by trichlorosilyl groups have been prepared with E=C, Si, Ge, P, S in recent years. The superacid H[B(SiCl3)4] represents a new member in this elusive compound family.
Direct Trifluoromethoxylation without OCF3‐Carrier through In Situ Generation of Fluorophosgene
Authors: Saiter Jérémy , Guérin Thomas , Donnard Morgan , Panossian Armen , Hanquet Gilles , Leroux Frédéric R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOwing to the high interest in the OCF3 group for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications, trifluoromethoxylation received great attention in the last years with several new methods for this approach towards OCF3‐comprising compounds. Yet, it most often requires the beforehand preparation of specific F3CO− transfer reagents, which can be toxic, expensive, unstable, and/or generate undesired side‐products upon consumption. To circumvent this, the in‐situ generation of gaseous fluorophosgene from triphosgene, its conversion by fluoride into the OCF3 anion, and the direct use of the latter in nucleophilic substitutions is an appealing strategy, which, although recently approached, has not been fully exploited. We disclose herein our efforts towards this aim.
Dimeric Indenofluorene‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Motif for Enhanced Intramolecular Complexation
Authors: Broløs Line , Kilde Martin Drøhse , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is a redox‐active compound, which reversibly undergoes two one‐electron oxidations to give stable species. Several features of TTF, such as redox and optical properties as well as geometry and self‐associating nature, can be tuned by extension of the conjugated system with an aromatic linker such as an indenofluorene (IF) moiety. In this work we present the synthesis of a novel dimeric scaffold of IF‐extended TTF (IF‐TTF) in which the units are linked by a rigid 1,4‐bis(2‐ethynylphenyl)buta‐1,3‐diyne moiety. 1H‐NMR spectroscopic studies reveal that the scaffold is highly prone to form intramolecular IF‐TTF dimer complexes even in the neutral form, and stable radical cation species were formed in solution upon chemical oxidation with tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate (‘magic blue’). Electrocrystallization of the rigid scaffold yielded a semi‐conducting material, which proved to be stable at ambient temperature and air.