bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midterm results of salvage surgery for autogenous dialysis access in aneurysmal arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Ecevit Ata Niyazi , Karaca Okay Güven , Kalender Mehmet , Darçın Osman Tansel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutologous arteriovenous fistulas are commonly constructed in patients undergoing hemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease. However, they are associated with a high rate of aneurysm formation, and aneurysmal arteriovenous fistulas that have become symptomatic require surgical intervention. This study was performed to evaluate the midterm results of salvage surgery for autogenous dialysis access in patients with aneurysmal arteriovenous fistulas. Of 1326 arteriovenous fistula operations, 81 involving surgery for aneurysmal arteriovenous fistulas between January 2008 and January 2012 were included in this study. The database was searched to identify all complicated arteriovenous fistula patients undergoing surgery for vascular access. The number of complicated arteriovenous fistula surgeries, for example for aneurysms, was greater than the number of patients undergoing surgery to create a new arteriovenous fistula. We performed three different surgical procedures to treat arteriovenous‐related aneurysms in our clinic: primary repair, resection and saphenous vein interposition, and resection and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interposition. We compared the patency rates at the 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups among these three techniques. The study population consisted of 24 cases of primary repair, 29 cases of resection and saphenous vein interposition, and 30 cases of resection and PTFE graft interposition. True aneurysms occurring in patients undergoing hemodialysis did not require treatment unless they were symptomatic. Arteriovenous access salvage therapy is recommended after the aneurysm has become symptomatic. Symptomatic arteriovenous fistula aneurysms can be treated by maintaining arteriovenous fistula continuity. Moreover, patient safety is ensured by long‐term patency.
Infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve: A review
Authors: Boyle Jerome , Eason Alastair , Hartnett Nigel , Marks Paul 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIatrogenic injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) is an uncommon but important complication of both open and arthroscopic procedures causing neuropathic pain symptoms in the anteromedial aspect of the knee. Whilst the use of ultrasound in the assessment of peripheral neuropathies is well‐established, sonographic knowledge in the routine assessment of the IPBSN remains poor. We describe the sonographic assessment of the IPBSN by means of a review article, promulgating radiology’s role in providing anatomical information pertaining to the IPBSN and its relationship to adjacent anatomical structures, surgical fixations or fibrous scar tissue.
A combination of infraclavicular and suprascapular nerve blocks for total shoulder arthroplasty: A case series
Authors: Musso Dario , Klaastad Øivind , Ytrebø Lars M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundShoulder arthroplasty is associated with significant post‐operative pain. Interscalene plexus block is the gold standard for pain management in patients undergoing this surgery, however, alternatives are currently being developed. We hypothesized that a combination of anterior suprascapular nerve block and lateral sagittal infraclavicular block would provide effective post‐operative analgesia. Primary aims for this study were to document numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score and use of oral morphine equivalents (OMEq) during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary aim was to determine the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis.MethodsTwenty patients (ASA physical status I‐III) scheduled for shoulder arthroplasty were studied. Four mL ropivacaine 0.5% was administered for the suprascapular nerve block and 15 mL ropivacaine 0.75% for the infraclavicular block. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. Paracetamol and prolonged‐release oxycodone were prescribed as post‐operative analgesics. Morphine and oxycodone were prescribed as rescue pain medication. Diaphragm status was assessed by ultrasound.ResultsMedian NRS (0‐10) at 1, 3, 6, 8 and 24 hours post‐operatively were 1, 0, 0, 0 and 3, respectively. NRS at rest during the first 24 post‐operative hours was 4 (2.5‐4.5 [0‐5]), median (IQR [range]). Maximum NRS was 6.5 (5‐8 [0‐10]) median (IQR [range]). Total OMEq during the first 24 post‐operative hours was 52.5 mg (30‐60 [26.4‐121.5]) median (IQR [range]). Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis was diagnosed in one patient (5%).ConclusionsThe combination of suprascapular and infraclavicular nerve block shows an encouraging post‐operative analgesic profile and a low risk for hemidiaphragmatic paralysis after total shoulder arthroplasty.
Blunt thoracic aorta injuries, an Australian single centre's perspective
Authors: Dinh Krystal , Limmer Alexandra , Ngai Carlin , Cho Tae , Young Noel , Hsu Jeremy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are potentially life‐threatening emergencies. The management paradigm has shifted from open repair to a predominantly endovascular approach. We evaluated the trends in managing BTAI at our centre over the last decade and compared them to current international guidelines.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who presented with BTAI to our level one trauma centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. Patient demographics, injury grade and location, imaging features, management details and outcomes were analysed.ResultsBTAI is rare, with 39 patients identified at our institute over the last 10 years. Of these, seven died in the emergency department from their associated injuries (17.9%). Of the 32 survivors, 27 underwent surgical management with an endovascular stent‐graft placement, and the remaining five patients were treated non‐operatively. No patients were treated via an open surgical approach. All patients were diagnosed via computed tomography angiography. There were one death and two endoleaks amongst patients who underwent Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The death occurred secondary to severe traumatic brain injury. Two patients illustrated neurological changes however these were associated with the original injury. No patients failed non‐operative management.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that at our level one trauma centre, patients with BTAI are managed in accordance with international guidelines. All patients underwent computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and grading of injury. All patients requiring surgical management underwent TEVAR. Furthermore, our data support that select patients with grade I injuries can safely be managed non‐operatively.
Beta‐blocker‐associated hypoglycaemia: New insights from a real‐world pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Carnovale Carla , Gringeri Michele , Battini Vera , Mosini Giulia , Invernizzi Elena , Mazhar Faizan , Bergamaschi Francesco , Fumagalli Mara , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Clementi Emilio , Radice Sonia , Fabiano Valentina 
Published: January 2021

AimsTo investigate the statistical association between hypoglycaemia and β‐blocker use and to define what patient and drug characteristics could potentially increase the risk for its occurrence.MethodsWe investigated the relationship between pharmacological parameters of β‐blockers and the occurrence of hypoglycaemia by conducting a case/non case analysis using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database. Pharmacological properties that could represent a predictive factor for hypoglycaemia were analysed through a multilinear binary logistic regression (null hypothesis rejected for values ofP< .05). We also performed a systematic review of clinical studies on this association.ResultsOf 83 954 selected reports, 1465 cases (1.75%) of hypoglycaemia were identified. The association was found statistically significant for nadolol (reporting odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 6.98 [5.40–9.03]), celiprolol (2.35 [1.35–4.10]), propranolol (2.14 [1.87–2.46]) and bisoprolol (1.42 [1.25–1.61]). Paediatric cases (n =310) showed a positive association with hypoglycaemia for long half‐life drugs (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.232 [1.398–3.563]) and a negative association for β1‐selectivity (0.644 [0.414–0.999]). Seven papers were included in the systematic review. Because of great heterogeneity in study design and demographics, hypoglycaemia incidence rates varied greatly among studies, occurring in 1.73% of the cases for propranolol treatment (ntotal participants = 575), 6.6% for atenolol (n =30) and 10% for carvedilol (n =20).ConclusionNadolol appears to be the β‐blocker significantly most associated with hypoglycaemia and children represent the most susceptible sample. Furthermore, long half‐life and nonselective β‐blockers seem to increase the risk for its occurrence.
A phenotypic risk score for predicting mortality in sickle cell disease
Authors: Sachdev Vandana , Tian Xin , Gu Yuan , Nichols James , Sidenko Stanislav , Li Wen , Beri Andrea , Layne W. Austin , Allen Darlene , Wu Colin O. , Thein Swee Lay 
Published: January 2021

SummaryRisk assessment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains challenging as it depends on an individual physician’s experience and ability to integrate a variety of test results. We aimed to provide a new risk score that combines clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. In a prospective cohort of 600 adult patients with SCD, we assessed the relationship of 70 baseline covariates to all‐cause mortality. Random survival forest and regularised Cox regression machine learning (ML) methods were used to select top predictors. Multivariable models and a risk score were developed and internally validated. Over a median follow‐up of 4·3 years, 131 deaths were recorded. Multivariable models were developed using nine independent predictors of mortality: tricuspid regurgitant velocity, estimated right atrial pressure, mitral E velocity, left ventricular septal thickness, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, heart rate and age. Our prognostic risk score had superior performance with a bias‐corrected C‐statistic of 0·763. Our model stratified patients into four groups with significantly different 4‐year mortality rates (3%, 11%, 35% and 75% respectively). Using readily available variables from patients with SCD, we applied ML techniques to develop and validate a mortality risk scoring method that reflects the summation of cardiopulmonary, renal and liver end‐organ damage.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT#00011648.
Parental Job Loss and Early Child Development in the Great Recession
Authors: Mari Gabriele , Keizer Renske 
Published: January 2021

The study examines whether and why parental job loss may stifle early child development, relying on cohort data from the population of children born in Ireland in 2007–2008 (N = 6,303) and followed around the time of the Great Recession (2008–2013). A novel approach to mediation analysis is deployed, testing expectations from models of family investment and family stress.Parental job loss exacerbates problem behavior at ages 3 and 5 (.05–.08 SDs), via the channels of parental income and maternal negative parenting. By depressing parental income, job loss also hampers children’s verbal ability at age 3 (.03 SDs). This is tied to reduced affordability of formal childcare, highlighting a policy lever that might tame the intergenerational toll of job loss.
Spatial Ability and Theory of Mind: A Mediating Role of Visual Perspective Taking
Authors: Tian Mi , Luo Tianrui , Ding Jinxia , Wang Xin , Cheung Him 
Published: January 2021

This research tests the role of visual perspective taking (VPT) in mediating the relation between spatial ability and theory of mind (ToM). Study 1 demonstrated such mediation correlationally in seventy 3.5‐ to 4‐year olds. In Study 2, twenty‐three 3.5‐ to 4‐year‐olds were trained on using play blocks to copy preassembled models as a way to promote spatial ability. Resultant increases in VPT and ToM were compared to those from a control group learning to draw instead (n = 23). Both studies showed that the effect of spatial ability on ToM depended on VPT, suggesting a role of embodiment in ToM development in early childhood. These findings provide an alternative way to think about ToM development and the psychological mechanism that may be involved.
tsRNAs: Novel small molecules from cell function and regulatory mechanism to therapeutic targets
Authors: Zong Tingyu , Yang Yanyan , Zhao Hui , Li Lin , Liu Meixin , Fu Xiuxiu , Tang Guozhang , Zhou Hong , Aung Lynn Htet Htet , Li Peifeng , Wang Jianxun , Wang Zhibin , Yu Tao 
Published: January 2021

AbstracttsRNAs are small fragments of RNAs with specific lengths that are generated by particular ribonucleases, such as dicer and angiogenin (ANG), clipping on the rings of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in specific cells and tissues under specific conditions. Depending on where the splicing site is, tsRNAs can be segmented into two main types, tRNA‐derived stress‐induced RNAs (tiRNAs) and tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs). Many studies have shown that tsRNAs are functional molecules, not the random degradative products of tRNAs. Notably, due to their regulatory mechanism in regulating mRNA stability, transcription, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and RNA reverse transcription, tsRNAs are significantly involved in the cell function, such as cell proliferation, migration, cycle and apoptosis, as well as the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. In addition, tsRNAs may represent a new generation of clinical biomarkers or therapeutic targets because of their stable structures, high conservation and widely distribution, particularly in the peripheral tissues, bodily fluids and exosomes. In this review, we describe the generation, function and mechanism of tsRNAs and illustrate the current research progress of tsRNAs in various diseases, highlight their potentials as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical application. Although our understanding of tsRNAs is still in infancy, the application prospects shown in this field deserve further exploration.
Mitigating poverty through solar panels adoption in developing economies
Authors: Feng Zhuo , He Qiao‐Chu , Ma Guangrui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivated by a widely practiced strategy to combine the growth of the solar energy sector with poverty mitigation, we propose stylized models of households selling extra solar energy back to the grid, which generates a steady stream of income to overcome adoption barriers for solar panels, that is, high adoption cost and generation variability. By considering households' strategic consumption shifting behavior in response to varying intertemporal market electricity prices, we have presented the equilibrium adoption number and households' equilibrium profit. We have also demonstrated the government's optimal subsidy to reach a socially optimal adoption level. Furthermore, we investigate the popular Public Private Partnership (PPP) model in developing countries to promote the investment of solar panels. Under the PPP program, the private firms share both upfront cost and electricity revenue with households, while the government may provide subsidy to further encourage adoption. Despite the popularity of the PPP scheme, our model documents an unexpected negative implication by inducing a lower overall adoption level than the traditional scheme: As the PPP scheme relieves budgetary burden of households in adopting solar panels (infrastructure cost), anticipating the long‐term revenue loss, they are less likely to participate in the first place. However, combined with the government intervention via adoption subsidy, the PPP scheme can lead to a win‐win solution for all.
Efficacy of preoperative frailty assessment in patients with gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Kameyama Hitoshi , Sakata Jun , Hanyu Takaaki , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Nakano Masato , Nagahashi Masayuki , Shimada Yoshifumi , Kobayashi Takashi , Wakai Toshifumi 
Published: January 2021

AimThe role of preoperative frailty assessment in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between frailty and postoperative outcomes in patients with GI disease.MethodsThis study investigated 42 patients (aged ≥65 years) with GI disease who underwent abdominal surgery. The frailty status was analyzed using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. We also investigated postoperative outcomes.ResultsOf the 42 patients, seven (16.7%) were robust, 24 (57.1%) were prefrail and 11 (26.2%) were frail. Postoperative complications were observed in 45.5% and 63.6% of prefrail and frail patients, respectively, whereas no complications were found in robust patients (P = 0.026). The median hospital stay was 15, 19.5 and 27 days in robust, prefrail and frail patients, respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionPreoperative frailty status based on the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria is associated with postoperative complication incidence and hospital stay extension in patients with GI disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.
Development and testing of the Satisfaction Questionnaire with Intravenous or Subcutaneous Hemophilia Injection and results from the Phase 3 HAVEN 3 study of emicizumab prophylaxis in persons with haemophilia A without FVIII inhibitors
Authors: Kempton Christine , Trask Peter , Parnes Aric , Niggli Markus , Campinha‐Bacote Avrita , U. Callaghan Michael , O'Connell Niamh , Paz‐Priel Ido , Mahlangu Johnny N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a subcutaneously (SC) administered prophylactic agent for persons with haemophilia A (PwHA). As part of its clinical development, a new instrument was required to measure treatment satisfaction.AimDescribe development of the Satisfaction Questionnaire with Intravenous or Subcutaneous Hemophilia Injection (SQ‐ISHI) and its subsequent testing with HAVEN 3 study participants to measure patient satisfaction with emicizumab.MethodsTo develop the SQ‐ISHI, we conducted four rounds of in‐person interviews at five qualitative research facilities. Participants aged ≥12 years with moderate or severe haemophilia A, receiving intravenous factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis, provided feedback to optimize content understanding, ease of completion and item relevance. The final SQ‐ISHI was completed by HAVEN 3 participants who previously received FVIII prophylaxis; baseline scores were compared with those at Week 21 or 25 of emicizumab prophylaxis.ResultsSixty‐three HAVEN 3 participants were eligible to complete the questionnaire and rate their satisfaction on a scale of 0 (‘not at all satisfied’) to 10 (‘extremely satisfied’). Mean ‘overall satisfaction’ with previous FVIII prophylaxis at baseline was 6.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.2 to 7.7) increasing to 8.8 (95% CI: 8.4 to 9.3) at follow‐up (Week 21/25 of treatment with emicizumab). The greatest improvement was observed in satisfaction with treatment half‐life (mean score at baseline: 5.8 [95% CI: 4.9 to 6.6] vs 8.6 [95% CI: 8.0 to 9.2] at follow‐up).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that emicizumab prophylaxis leads to greater treatment satisfaction compared with FVIII prophylaxis, reflecting in part the low treatment burden of emicizumab associated with its infrequent, SC administration.
Impact of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia on low birthweight and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants in China: A large prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yingying , Li Nan , An Hang , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Le , Li Hongtian , Zhang Yali , Ye Rongwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudies have shown that maternal blood pressure level is associated with neonatal birthweight, but the results are not exactly consistent. As the most common hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, the mechanism of gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia that affect fetal growth remain unclear. Our objective was to examine the association of gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia with the risk of low birthweight (LBW) and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA). Data were obtained from the China–US Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention, a large population‐based cohort study. We selected participants who were registered in two southern provinces, had exact information on gestational blood pressure and pregnancy outcomes, and were not affected by chronic hypertension. Logistic regression was used to adjust for the effects of the main potential confounders, including age, body mass index, education, occupation, ethnicity, folic acid use, and parity. The overall incidences of LBW and SGA were 2.25% and 5.86%, respectively. The incidences of LBW/SGA were 3.58%/7.58% and 6.02%/10.67% for gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia group, relative to 2.11%/5.68% and 2.16%/5.74% for normal group. The adjusted odds ratios associated with gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia were 1.77 (95% CI: 1.63, 1.92)/3.01 (95% CI: 2.67, 3.40) for LBW and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.48)/2.02 (95% CI: 1.84, 2.22) for SGA, respectively. The early onset of gestational hypertension/pre‐eclampsia appeared to be a relatively more detrimental exposure window for both LBW and SGA. Our results support an association between gestational hypertension or pre‐eclampsia and the increased risk of LBW and SGA.
The Role of Public Opinion in EU Integration: Assessing the Relationship between Elites and the Public during the Refugee Crisis
Authors: Di Mauro Danilo , Memoli Vincenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile the EU was still recovering from the Great Recession, the refugee crisis polarized and mobilized national and European political spaces, inducing governments to revise their immigration policies. Scholars are presently engaged in academic debate over whether these revisions can be explained by reference to grand theories of European integration. In this context, we ask the following questions. If public opinion favoured ‘constraining’ EU integration, can public concern over the refugee crisis prompt political elites to stand against a regulative solution that would replace the Dublin System? How do these trends align with the grand theories of EU integration? By analysing longitudinal surveys of elites, general public and experts, we show that public rejection of immigrants relates to elites' opposition to a supranational prevalence of EU institutions for setting immigration quotas, thus inhibiting integration on extra‐EU migrants' resettlement.