bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lived Experience and the Wrongs of Stereotyping
Authors: Beeghly Erin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter articulates and defends the book’s approach to normative analysis, which is rooted in standpoint theory. Standpoint theory contends that the lived experiences of marginalized groups contain profound insights needed to theorize phenomena related to social injustice, including stereotyping. It opens with a discussion of three works that have profoundly shaped this book’s methodology: Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks; Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa’s anthology This Bridge Called My Back; and Sophia Moreau’s Faces of Inequality: A Theory of Wrongful Discrimination. It explains that my approach aims to capture a “kaleidoscopic” chorus of voices, as José Medina puts it, and treats lived experience as a source of knowledge to which theory is accountable. In closing, it introduces two desiderata for evaluating a successful theory of what’s wrong with stereotyping: the identification condition and the explanatory condition.
Relationship Between Body Mass Index and the Risk of Hypertension in Elderly Patients With Dyslipidemia
Authors: Fenghua Wang , Ning Yang , Xiongguan Wang , Yuanli Zhang , Wei Xu , Maoti Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of hypertension in elderly patients with dyslipidemia.

METHODS
Dyslipidemia patients aged 60 years and above were selected from Tianjin surveillance points of China Chronic Disease Surveillance (2019–2023). The data of gender, age, height, blood pressure, BMI, disease history, and other indicators were collected through a cross-sectional survey. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension. Restricted cubic spline curves were drawn to quantify the association between BMI and hypertension and identify the key nodes.

RESULTS
A total of 25,229 patients aged 60 years and over with dyslipidemia were included in this study. The average age was (66.8 ± 3.62) years old, and the prevalence of hypertension was 55.9% (14,109/25,229). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, drinking, and leisure time exercise, for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the risk of hypertension in elderly patients with dyslipidemia increased by 12% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.13, P &lt; 0.001). The risk of hypertension was 56% higher in the overweight group (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.47–1.65, P &lt; 0.001), and 2.56 times higher in the obese group (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 2.37–2.76, P &lt; 0.001) than that in normal and low body mass group. The risk of hypertension in the obese group was 2.77 times (95% CI: 2.40–3.21, P &lt; 0.001) and 2.66 times (95% CI: 2.35–3.00, P &lt; 0.001) higher than that in the normal and underweight groups, respectively, in subjects with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high total cholesterol. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the relationship between BMI and the risk of hypertension in elderly patients with dyslipidemia showed an approximately S-shaped relationship (non-linear test P &lt; 0.001). When BMI &lt;24 kg/m2, the risk of hypertension did not change significantly with BMI (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95–1.04, P = 0.857); when BMI was 24–29 kg/m2, the risk of hypertension increased with the increase of BMI (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06–1.16, P &lt; 0.001), while when BMI &gt;29 kg/m2, the risk of hypertension did not change significantly with BMI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.99–1.05, P = 0.133).

CONCLUSIONS
BMI and the risk of hypertension in elderly patients with dyslipidemia is “S” type distribution, when BMI is between 24 and 29 kg/m2, the risk of hypertension increases with BMI, when BMI is below or above the threshold, the risk of hypertension did not change significantly with BMI.
Longitudinal Study of Cognitive Phenotypes in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sousa Cláudia , França Márcia , Jacques Teresa , Sá Maria José , Alves Rui A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study is to understand the evolution of cognitive phenotypes in a clinical cohort of adult patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over time and to assess whether demographic and clinical features of MS have any effect on the progression of cognitive decline in MS.

Methods
One hundred twenty-five patients with RRMS underwent annually neuropsychological assessment along 3 to 5 consecutive years with the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRBN-T) and the brief international cognitive multiple sclerosis (BICAMS). The international classification of cognitive disorders in multiple sclerosis (IC-CoDiMS) was used to define the cognitive phenotypes.

Results
In our cohort the mean age was 41.81 years and 88 patients (70.4%) were female. The prevalence of cognitive impairment decreased over the 3-year assessments, both in BRBN-T (29.6% vs. 25.0% vs. 18.5%) and BICAMS (33.6% vs. 30.4% vs. 19.2%). Longitudinal differences were observed for all the applied tests, except for verbal fluency, with the results pointing to an improvement in performance over time. At the first and the 3rd assessment, we observed four cognitive phenotypes: intact, uni-domain, bi-domain, and multidomain. At the 4th and 5th assessments, no patients presented multi-domain impairments. MS patients with optic neuritis (ON) as onset syndrome, showed the highest percentage of cognitive impairment on both BRBN-T and BICAMS.

Conclusions
This study corroborates the importance of knowing the evolution of cognitive performance over time to better determine the best cognitive intervention programs in order to prevent cognitive decline and promote quality of life.
Incremental modelling and analysis of biological systems with fuzzy hybrid Petri nets
Authors: Assaf George , Liu Fei , Heiner Monika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modelling biological systems depends on the availability of data and components of the system at hand. As our understanding of these systems evolves, the ability to gradually refine models by adding new components of different formalisms covering stochastic, discrete, deterministic, and uncertainty without starting from scratch becomes essential. However, there remains a significant gap in the availability of methodologies and tool support for incrementally modelling and analysing complex biological systems in a flexible and intuitive manner. In this paper, we employ fuzzy hybrid Petri nets as a powerful expressive tool for presenting an incremental modelling and analysis protocol of biological systems. We demonstrate the utility of our protocol through a case study on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism and hypercholesterolemia therapy. Our model not only captures the underlying biochemical processes, but also quantitatively analyses how cholesterol levels are regulated, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels. The results confirm the validity and flexibility of our approach in representing complex biological processes and therapeutic interventions.
Characterization of a novel zebrafish model of MTMR5-associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B3
Authors: Lindzon Jordan , List Maia , Geissah Salma , Ariaz Atai , Zhao Mo , Dowling James J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biallelic loss of expression/function variants in MTMR5/SBF1 cause the inherited peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Type 4B3. There is an incomplete understanding of the disease pathomechanism(s) underlying CMT4B3, and despite its severe clinical presentation, currently no disease modifying therapies. A key barrier to the study of CMT4B3 is the lack of pre-clinical models that recapitulate the clinical and pathologic features of the disease. To address this barrier, we generated a zebrafish CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) mutant line with a full gene deletion of mtmr5. Resulting homozygous deletion zebrafish are born at normal Mendelian ratios and have preserved motor function. However, starting by 10 days-post-fertilization, mutant zebrafish develop obvious morphometric changes in head size and brain volume. These changes are accompanied at the pathological level by abnormal axon outgrowths and by the presence of dysmyelination, changes reminiscent of the nerve pathology in human CMT4B3. Importantly, RNA sequencing from brain-enriched samples identifies novel disease pathways including transcriptional changes in genes responsible for neurogenesis, chromatin remodeling/organization, and synaptic membrane homeostasis. Overall, our mtmr5 knockout zebrafish mirror genetic, clinical, and pathologic features of human CMT4B3. As such, it represents a first pre-clinical model to phenocopy the disease, and an ideal tool for future studies on disease pathomechanism(s) and therapy development.
Peripheral Immune Biomarkers Associated with Response to Adoptive Cell Therapy with Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: Madsen Cecilie Oelvang , Velasco Santiago Marta , Martinenaite Evelina , Holz Borch Troels , Donia Marco , Svane Inge Marie , Hansen Morten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with ex-vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, TIL-ACT) has shown clinical efficacy in a significant proportion of patients with metastatic melanoma. To further target TIL-ACT towards responsive patients, identifying predictive biomarkers and understanding broader immune dynamics remain critical. This study investigated the peripheral blood immune landscape in 47 patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing TIL-ACT, assessing antitumor reactivity and peripheral immune cell profiles before and after treatment. Responders displayed increased frequency of circulating tumor-reactive cells post-treatment, and higher baseline levels of activated CD57-expressing T cells, serving as potential biomarkers of response. In contrast, persistent high serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, higher frequencies of CD38-expressing T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) post-treatment, correlated with unfavorable outcomes. These findings contribute to understanding of the peripheral immune landscape associated with response to TIL-ACT, offering valuable insights into predictive biomarkers and mechanisms to improve patient selection.
Perceptual differences in olfactory fat discrimination are not detected in neural activation
Authors: Pirc Matjaž , Krale Catoo , Smeets Paul , Boesveldt Sanne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Olfaction is involved in detecting, identifying, and discriminating dietary fat within foods, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain uncharted. Our fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of olfactory fat perception and their association with discrimination ability in a complex food matrix. We measured brain activation resulting from orthonasal exposure to an ecologically relevant fat-related odour source - dairy milk, manipulated to contain 0%, 3.5% or 14% fat. Twenty-six healthy, normosmic adults underwent olfactory fat content discrimination testing, followed by an fMRI task during which the three odour stimuli were delivered via an olfactometer (25 times/fat level) and rated on perceived intensity and liking. Participants discriminated between all fat levels, with fat level influencing perceived odour intensity and liking. These perceptual differences, however, were not reflected in differential brain activation. Brain activation differences were observed only when comparing odour exposure with no exposure. Specifically, in response to any odour, activation occurred in the anterior part of the supplementary motor area, while deactivating parts of the hippocampus, putamen, superior temporal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula and posterior part of the supplementary motor area. Exposure to the 0% fat odour also activated the thalamus. No associations were found between perceived intensity and liking and neural responses. Results reaffirm the human ability to distinguish food fat content using solely olfactory cues and reveal a divergence between sensory perception and neural processing. Subsequent research should replicate and extend these findings onto retronasal fat perception, while also examining potential effects of hunger, genetics, and dietary habits.
Rapid speciation of Chinese hypogean fishes driven by paleogeoclimatic and morphological adaptations
Authors: Luo Tao , Lan Chang-Ting , Yu Jing , Song Ling-Xing , Fan Cui , Wang Jia-Jia , Zhou Jia-Jun , Xiao Ning , Zhou Jiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Major geoclimatic events trigger clade divergence, shaping diversification patterns. However, the influence of historical geoclimatic events on the diversification of subsurface biota remains poorly understood. This study investigates the phylogeny and evolutionary history of under-recognized hypogean fishes in the Nemacheilidae family (HFN) in southwestern China, using mitogenome and nuclear gene sequencing. Our phylogeny supports the current genus-level classification but reveals conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear gene topologies, suggesting past hybridization events. The ancestor of the HFN originated in eastern China–Korean Peninsula–Japanese Islands, north of northwest China–Mongolian Plateau, the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau–Hengduan Mountains during the late Eocene (~36 million years ago (Mya)) and early Miocene (~16 Mya), and dispersed twice into the karst region of southwestern China. An ancient radiation event occurred from 22.44 Mya to 12.25 Mya. In situ diversification is the major speciation event, originating around 30 Mya and increasing sharply at ~11 Ma, with three peaks at ~7 Mya, ~3 Mya, and 1 Mya, and two valleys at ~5 Mya and ~2 Mya. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests at least four independent origins for the colorless, eye-blind, and troglobitic species morphs, as opposed to two events for the caudal adipose keel, and that these traits have undergone multiple reversals. These results highlight the role of geological processes and climatic events in the evolution of hypogean fishes and provide insights for conservation efforts, particularly in specialized cave habitats.
Evidence-based medicine and the cardiac troponin 99th percentile for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hickman Peter E , Potter Julia M , Cullen Louise , Eggers Kai M , Than Martin , Pickering John W , Parsonage William , Doust Jenny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The 99th percentile of cardiac troponin assays for determining the presence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was set when assay analytical performance was much less precise than currently and was chosen, in part, to reduce the frequency of ‘false-positive’ results. A result greater than 99th percentile criterion has been a requirement of each version of the universal definition of MI. It also became used as a dichotomous decision-making threshold in diagnostic strategies for investigating AMI in acute care settings. There are numerous difficulties in deriving the 99th percentile which undermine its reliability as a standalone test threshold. It is important for patient safety that all users are aware of the challenges and pitfalls of using the 99th percentile for decision-making. We present a focused review of the 99th percentile, highlighting some difficulties with its use as a decision threshold as well as possible adjunctive strategies and alternative approaches.
15-Year Trends, Predictors and Outcomes of Heart Failure Hospitalisation Complicating First Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Modern PCI Era
Authors: Rashid Muhammad , Abramov Dmitry , Naseer Muhammad Usman , Van Spall Harriette , Ahmed Fozia Z , Lawson Claire , Dafaalla Mohamed , Kontopantelis Evan , Mohamed Mohamed O , Petrie Mark C , Mamas Mamas A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health concern, but data on risk factors associated with HF hospitalisation post-AMI are limited.

Methods
We analysed data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP), including patients admitted with AMI from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2019. Data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES-APC) and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) facilitated a longitudinal analysis. High-risk patients were identified using DAPA-MI and EMPACT-MI criteria. We assessed clinical outcomes, adherence to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) quality indicators, and predictors of HF-related hospitalisations.

Results
Out of 1,046,480 AMI patients, 9.1% overall, 17.2% in the DAPA-MI cohort, and 16.6% in the EMPACT-MI cohort experienced HF hospitalisation within a year post-AMI. High-risk patients, defined by the presence of five risk factors, had nearly one in four hospitalisations with HF at one-year follow-up. The predicted adjusted incidence rate for heart failure within 1 year almost doubled from 64.5 cases per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 51.1 to 78.0) in 2005, to 118.2 cases per 1,000 person-years in 2019 (95% CI: 115.0 to 121.5). HF hospitalisation was associated with a threefold increase in one-year mortality (HR 3.01, 95% CI 2.95-3.13).

Conclusion
One in ten AMI patients experienced HF hospitalisation within the first year post-AMI, with rising trends in high-risk subgroups. These findings highlight the need for targeted post-AMI care strategies to improve outcomes and address the increasing burden of HF in the modern PCI era.
Prevalence and main characteristics of primary aldosteronism in bilateral macronodular adrenal disease: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Panarelli Annalisa , R O L Schweizer Júnia , Stuefchen Isabel , Brüdgam Denise , Zopp Stephanie , Zimmermann Petra , Mulatero Paolo , Deniz Sinan , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Nowak Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Bilateral macronodular adrenal disease (BMAD) typically presents with bilateral benign adrenocortical macronodules and variable cortisol excess. Anecdotal evidence suggests oversecretion of other adrenal steroids, including mineralocorticoids.

Hypothesis
We hypothesized that primary aldosteronism (PA) can occur in BMAD, resulting in a distinct, more severe phenotype compared to BMAD with isolated cortisol hypersecretion or unilateral PA (uPA).

Objective
To assess the prevalence and characteristics of PA in BMAD.

Methods
We systematically reviewed case reports and series of BMAD patients with PA, following PRISMA guidelines. BMAD was defined by bilateral adrenal nodules ≥10 mm. PA diagnosis followed US or Japanese Endocrine Society guidelines. We compared these findings with two cohorts from LMU Hospital Munich: BMAD with isolated cortisol hypersecretion and uPA.

Results
From 1018 articles, 18 representing 68 cases were included. Of these, 66 had BMAD with PA and two had BMAD with aldosterone precursor excess. The PA proportion in published BMAD series ranged from 2%-43%. BMAD patients with PA were predominantly male (75%) and younger (median 51.5 years) than those with isolated cortisol hypersecretion (median 60.5 years, P &lt; .01). Their median blood pressure was higher (170/100 mmHg) compared to those with isolated cortisol hypersecretion (138/80 mmHg) or uPA (153/94 mmHg, P &lt; .01). Treatment was only described in 28 cases, with 93% undergoing adrenalectomy. Clinical outcome was similar across groups post-treatment.

Conclusion
This review highlights the need for increased screening for PA in younger, hypertensive BMAD patients. Larger multicenter studies are needed to determine the association between these conditions, cardiovascular risk, and optimal treatment.
Physiological adaptations of clinical vs. indoor environmental strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital setting
Authors: Vasco Gabriela , Martínez Ruth , Noboa Diego , Vasco Karla , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a remarkably adaptive bacterium frequently implicated in severe, sometimes fatal infections within healthcare institutions. The origins of clinical strains have generated considerable debate, suggesting that infectious variants emerge through selection from a broader environmental bacterial population. Our investigation explored the physiological differences between environmental (indoor) and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from a hospital over a year. We assessed various parameters, including survival patterns, antibiotic resistance, vulnerability to ciliate predation, bacterial antagonism, and motility. Despite the minimal incidence of patient infections during our observation, environmental P. aeruginosa was prevalent throughout the hospital during our study. Clinical strains exhibited diminished resistance to certain antibiotics, increased resistance against ciliate predators, and enhanced swarming and swimming motility compared to their environmental counterparts. Clinical strains maintained higher cell densities under starvation conditions but were outcompeted by environmental strains in a nutrient medium. In conclusion, our study suggests that P. aeruginosa clinical isolates possess unique physiological adaptations that may favor host colonization.
The UDP-glycosyltransferase PpUGT74F2 is involved in fruit immunity via modulating salicylic acid metabolism
Authors: Jiang Dan , Lin Siyin , Xie Linfeng , Chen Miaojing , Shi Yanna , Chen Kunsong , Li Xian , Wu Boping , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flesh fruits are essential for human health, but pathogen infection poses a threat to fruit production and postharvest storage. The hormone salicylic acid (SA) and its metabolites, such as sugar conjugates and methyl salicylate MeSA, play a crucial role in regulating plant immune responses. However, the UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) responsible for modulating SA metabolism in fruit have yet to be identified, and further investigation is needed to elucidate its involvement in fruit immune response. Here, we identified PpUGT74F2 as an enzyme with the highest transcription level in peach fruit, responsible for catalyzing the biosynthesis of SA glucoside (SAG), but not for MeSAG formation in fruit. Furthermore, infection of peach fruit with Monilinia fructicola, which causes brown rot disease, led to reduced expression of PpUGT74F2 resulting in significant decrease in SAG content and an increase in MeSA levels. Transgenic tomatoes expressing heterologous PpUGT74F2 increased susceptibility to gray mold. Interestingly, overexpressing PpUGT74F2 did not affect SA levels but dramatically reduced MeSA levels in response to pathogen infection, accompanied by significantly reduced expression of pathogen related (PR) genes in transgenic tomatoes. This study highlights that PpUGT74F2 acts as a negative regulatory factor for fruit immunity through a distinct mechanism not previously reported in plants.