bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of a Window Solar Air Collector with Circular-Perforated Moveable Absorber Plates
Authors: Dawood Norhan I , Jalil Jalal M , Ahmed Majida K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Window solar air collector is a significant instrument for heating residential buildings in cold regions. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the thermal performance of a window solar air collector with seven moveable absorber plates, as each plate contains 28 circular perforations. The 7 plates opened and closed at different angles in unison manually by a specific mechanical mechanism. The effect of changing the plate angles have been tested, alongside the effect of mass flow rates and the intensity of solar radiation. Experimental results shows that the highest air temperature difference is gained at vertical plates position (angle 0°) at mass flow rate 0.0097 kg/s and irradiance 730 W/m2, and the maximum thermal efficiency were 71% at mass flow rate 0.0224 kg/s. In addition, the temperature difference between inlet and outlet air has increased by 24% in case of angle 0 than in angle 45°. In contrast, a flexibility between sunlight penetrating into the room and hot air from the collector will be gained when the plates set on angle 45°.
Experimental Study of Double Pass water passage in Evacuated Tube with Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Bassem Sarah , Jalil Jalal M. , Ismael Samer Jaffer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new design, fabricate and investigate the performance of the parabolic trough systems (PTC) by using double pass water passage in evacuated tube technology. This system can be used for heating water in winter season without assistive devices. The double-pass method utilizing to improve thermal performance for PTC by increasing the path of water flow in the evacuated tube and then increase the rate of the outlet temperature. Besides, the evacuated tube was used to decrease the thermal losses, which is caused an increase in thermal efficiency. The experiments were test and simulate the different solar radiation approximate to winter season and at many flow rates 0.00305, 0.0055 and 0.0083 kg/s. The higher temperature difference was 46 ° C at minimum mass flow rate 0.00305 kg/s. The maximum thermal efficiency was 69.7 % at 0.0083 kg/s.
Multiple transceivers based wimax mesh network to optimize routing algorithm
Authors: Hamza Bashar J. , Yousif Thanaa Hasan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Base Station (BS) is a WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) centralized scheduling mesh topology decision maker for scheduling the whole network including allocation of packets between the Subscribers (SSs) in the network through the BS. Hence, the system, which, by interference, especially affects the nodes, close to BS. A network routing algorithm was built for mesh topology named Energy Bit Minimum Routing (EBMR), which is used to optimize the chosen path. all nodes were fitted with a multi-channel and four scenarios were planned: the first scenario is called the Multi-Transceiver fitted both SSs with a multi-transceiver except at the brink without cap the number of parent nodes. Whereas the second scenario was called Closest Multi-Transceiver system no ceiling on the number of parent nodes, in this scenario only the nearest BS is fitted with multi-transceiver SSs. The third scenario used the Multi-Transceiver system but with cap the number of parent nodes by 30% for whole nodes network. The fourth scenario used the closest Multi-Transceiver system but with cap, the number of parent nodes by 30%, for whole nodes network. In scenarios, the system content considers 120 users as maximum. It will improve the network capacity, throughput, channel scheduling range and channel utilization ratio (CUR). WiMAX mesh topology is used to centralize scheduling and improve the performance system by finding the best route to centralizing the mesh network EBMR; consequently, it increases latency, CUR and distance scheduling, avoiding messing, otherwise. Multi-transceiver network is used to prevent primary interference and multi-channel network used to stop secondary interference. This paper develops two styles of network: the multi-transceiver multi-channel network and the closest multi-transceiver multi-channel device that uses the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) algorithm for EBMR-CS3,4 (Energy Bit Minimization Routing and centralized Scheduling). This algorithm is optimizing network efficiency by having higher throughput by preventing interaction with adjacent nodes and the scheduling duration and growing the device’s channel utilization ratio (CUR).
Using Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened for Shear by GFRP bars Using NSM Technique
Authors: Issa H M , Jomaah M M , Al-Shaarbaf I A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The NSM technique began to apply as a modern technique to treat defects in structural elements and to increase the shear and flexural strength of structural elements. For this technique to be effective, a series of practical experiments were conducted to characterize the behavior of the element strengthened by the NSM technique for flexure and shear. Shear strengthening with GFRP rods is the focus of this paper for concrete beams that contain 30% coarse aggregate replacement ratio of thermstone (volumetric ratio) obtained from the rubble of demolished buildings. A total of 7 beams were loaded under four-point load test, the parameters examined were the angle of inclination and the distance between the GFRP bars, the presence and absence of stirrups and the thermstone aggregate replacement ratio. The characterization of the tested beams includes failure mode, load-deflection curves, load-strain curves of stirrups, rebars and GFRP rods and the surface concrete strain in the shear zone of beam. The results showed that the use of GFRP rods to strengthen concrete beams was effective, especially in the presence of stirrups, where the gain in shear strength was 29.6% and 22.2% when the distance between the GFRP bars was (200 and 300) mm, respectively with the presence of stirrups. While the gain in shear was just (3.7% and 11.1%) in the absence of stirrups, when the distance between the GFRP bars was (200 and 300) mm, respectively.
The effect of different number of layers and fiber distribution on the performance of composite laminates
Authors: Mulaan Najjm Abdalla , Mahmood Amjed Saleh , Basturk Suleyman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composites are widely used in world industries such as transportation vehicles, sports tools, space crafts, and more. This research investigates the influence of the number of layers and fiber distribution on the mechanical properties of woven fiber-reinforced composites by changing the number of layers or the manufacturing process. Hand lay-up and infusion processes are used to manufacture the composite plates. Three mechanical tests are conducted for all composite plates, such as Interlaminar shear stress (ILSS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and ultimate flexural strength (UFS). Furthermore, analyzing the microstructure of the laminates is conducted to evaluate fractal dimension (FD). It is observed that the distribution of the fibers measured by FD had an effective role in improving the mechanical properties. Also, the use of vacuum molds had an additional role in improving the mechanical properties. One could conclude that all the mechanical properties have proportional relationships with FD.
Synthesis and preparation of Nano-silica particles from Iraqi western region silica sand via SOL-GEL method
Authors: Kadhim Rawnak A. , Mohammed Abdulhaleem A. K , Hussein Halah M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nano-silica particles have been successfully synthesized from Iraqi western region sand (Al-anbar sand) by SOL-GEL method, the raw materials for this work were sodium hydroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, de-ionized water in addition to the Iraqi sand. In this method; solid sodium silicate is dissolved in deionized water and then precipitated by adding concentrated sulfuric acid. The selection of the used Iraqi sand based on XRF analysis, then the produced Sample was studied using XRD, BET surface area, AFM, FT-IR, and SEM analysis, BET Surface area and average particle size were (438,215 m2/g) and (6 nm) respectively.
Influence of GFRP Vertical Stirrups Using NSM Technique on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Issa H M , Al-Shaarbaf I A S , Jomaah M M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Shear strengthening with GFRP rods is the focus of this paper on concrete beams that contain aggregate replacement ratios of thermstone and bonza (pumice materials), obtained from the rubble of demolished buildings. A total of nine beams (2400×160×300mm dimensions) were loaded under a four-point bending load test. The parameters examined in this research were the replacement ratio of lightweight coarse aggregate (20% and 30% volumetric ratio), type of lightweight aggregate replaced by (thermstone or bonza) and strengthened in shear by GFRP rods using NSM technique. The characterization of the tested beams includes ultimate load, failure mode, load-deflection curve, load strain curves of stirrups, bottom longitudinal rebars, GFRP rods at the shear zone of concrete. The results showed that the use of GFRP rods to strengthen concrete beams was effective. As the failure mode was transformed from a shear failure in the reference beam that was cast using normal concrete to a concrete compression failure in the beams which was occurred when using suitable and sufficient amount of strengthening by GFRP rods for selected used lightweight aggregate replacement ratios.
Effect of Calcinations Temperature on ZnO:Co Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared By Sol – Gel Method.
Authors: Kareem Shaima’a J. , Al-Majeed Elham Abd , Salam Afnan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanostructured ZnO thin films were developed on medical-glass substrates using a sol gel dip coating process and calcinated at various temperatures (350, 450, and 550 C°). The impact of Co doping and effect temperature calcination on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO:Co nanostructured thin films were investigated using XRD, SEM, Hall effect, and UV-Visible spectra measurements. Both nanostructured films have hexagonal-wurtzite crystals composition according to XRD analysis with the average crystallite sizes of ZnO:Co nanostructured thin films are of (26.7-102.1) nm. The FESEM findings show that the undoped ZnO thin film has the smoothest and more regular surface compared to the doped ZnO films, indicating that both films with nanoscale ZnO particles. The average transmittance of all films is about 69–91 % in the visible range and the band gap energy decreased from 3.283 to 3.205 eV with increase of temperature calcination. The Hall impact indicates that all thin films are n-type and the electrical conductivity increase from (12.4-16.2) in the ZnO:Co thin films. This one of the outstanding property of ZnO thin films, both undoped and doped with cobalt, enables the fabrication of transparent electrodes for flat panel displays, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and solar cells.
A review of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Aluminium Composite, Process, Classification, Advantages, Challenges, and Application
Authors: Athaib Noor Hmoud , Haleem Ali Hubi , Al-Zubaidy Basem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a common metal 3D printing technique that offers several benefits, including the high rate of deposition, cheap price, and efficacy for complex parts. Even though (WAAM) has demonstrated its ability to meet the demands of manufacture components on medium-to-large size made of (Al) for the automotive and other related industries, WAAM cannot currently use as a complete production procedure due to practical issues such as mechanical properties that aren’t matched and the presence of significant residual stresses. the AM technologies offer promising new benefits with the MMCs as a solution for some challenges. This article reviews the MMCs Mixing technique and their critical issues, AM classification, WAAM process with advantages and challenges. also reviews WAAM of some AMCs with different reinforcements and power sources. The results of the study of the influence of reinforcement particles on the structure showed that they were changed grains structure from the columnar dendrite to equiaxial dendrites after the solidification and improves hardness.
Experimental investigation of base oil properties containing modified TiO2/CuO nanoparticles additives
Authors: Fahad Mustafa Raad , Abdulmajeed Basma Abbas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The majority of lubricating oil properties are the product of a material being used to enhance or produce the desired properties. Different materials with various nanostructures are now being used as new additives to improve lubricants’ properties due to their peculiar characteristics. In this study, oleic acid was used to surface-modified TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to enhance the dispersion and stability of Nanofluid. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy FT-IR used to characterize the nanoparticles. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of adding TiO2 -CuO nanoparticles on the thermal-physical properties such as kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point and flash point of base oil and nano-lubricating oil, which is prepared by different concentration (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1 %) by weight, and also the contact pressure (load – carrying capacity) was examined by using commercial portable Timken tester. The results showed increases in viscosity index and flash point of nano-lubricant oil by 7.69% and 7.07%, respectively.
Technological strategies for recycling concrete block in Iraq
Authors: Al-Saffar Israa Mohammad , Al-Tameemi Osamah Abdulmunem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Many concrete recycling strategies have emerged and many studies were devoted so as to find the best alternative to recycle concrete waste in order to produce recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with a quality that competes with natural aggregates which contribute to concrete mixtures and try to establish effective and practical treatment methods in applications of new concrete mixtures, where concrete is considered a building material. Concrete is considered as one of the basic materials in architecture because of its durability and strength and contributes to the worldwide constructional movement and proved its robustness, durability and flexibility in architectural applications as it is considered one of the most widespread material and in the meantime forms a burden impact on the environment at the end of its function in the structures, so it was necessary to employ technological strategies in order to face this dilemma that began to deteriorate our environment.
Therefore, the research problem is determined as the need to clarify the concept of concrete recycling and concrete waste recycling in Iraq, due to lack of local knowledge, to produce recycled concrete aggregate, applicable in the fields of architecture and can be used in new concrete mixtures.
The aim of this research is to provide knowledge on different methods of recycling concrete from construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and the possibility of reusing its components in new concrete mixes, and to raise a debate about the reality of concrete waste in Iraq and the recycling concrete technology and suggest the most effective technological strategy to solve the Iraqi concrete waste crisis.
A wideband Circular polarization cross printed dipole antenna with four quadrants parasitic
Authors: Hasan Mustafa , AlKafaji Nasr , Al-Anssary Hussam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cross printed dipoles antenna is the best solution to generate wide band circular polarization, in this design prepared cross rectangular printed dipoles (antenna1) then added four inner quadrants parasitic (antenna2) with perfect arrangement and excellent dimensions. The quadrants, (inner parasitic) rotate sequentially round the crossed dipole, are used to persuade new resonance and increase the activity bandwidth, additional improving the AR bandwidth. The results show that the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 88.38% (4.66-12.04 GHz) for |S11| < −10 dB and a wide axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 55.80% (5.75-10.2 GHz). The proposed antenna would be utilized in C-band applications and for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The structures modelled and analysed by the Ansoft’s HFSS simulation software.
Preparation and investigation of microstructure and wear properties of functionally graded materials of Aluminum-Nickel alloys
Authors: Al-Shafaie Saad Hameed , Radhi Nabaa S , Hussein Massoud Aziz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A functionally graded material is a high-performance engineering material that can withstand extreme working conditions without losing its properties or failing during operation. The design, fabrication, and characterization of Al-Ni integrated into single functionally graded materials are presented in this study. FGM (Al-Ni) have been successfully fabricated using the powder metallurgy process. FGMs samples are made up of five layers, starting with Al on one side and ending with Ni on the other. The FGM (Al-Ni) samples used in this research were made up of the following percentages: (100 Al, 25 Ni-75Al, 50Ni-50Al, 75Ni-25Al, and 100Ni) wt%. The samples were pressed with a load of 800 MPa and sintered at temperature 600°C for 3 hours. In this research we applied the wear test and X-ray analysis of FGM (Al-Ni) samples where the intermetallic phases that formed were (AlNi3, Al0.9Ni1.1, Ni5Al3, Al3Ni2, Al4Ni3, AlNi,), in addition to optical microscopy images.
Simulation study of biopolymer microspheres shape varying behavior
Authors: Muneer Roaa Mohammed , Hadi Nizar Jawad , Al-Zubiedy Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Simulation and modeling are very strong tools to design and simulate engineering cases that can be difficult to ably experimentally. In microscale domains, simulation and modeling play a very strong role to maintain results for specific cases that are hard to explain in microfluidic devices experimentally. Microfluidic devices were developed for mixing, separation, drug delivery, and microspheres formation. Drug delivery and microfluidic devices and modeling have a tight relationship that can solve and discuss the behavior of microspheres under variable formation process conditions. The main goal of this research is to discover the microspheres formation behavior under different flow rates. Experimentally, starch microspheres were formed with a different shape ranging from oval to spherical shape. This difference in shape was the main goal to study in this paper. To understand the shape changing, a numerical simulation study has been introduced using (ANSYS workbench 16.1) program, to simulate and study the microspheres formation process and the effect of flow rate varying on microspheres formation.
The effect of adding Ag nanoparticles on the electrical properties (A.C) of the PMMA-SPO-PS blend
Authors: Rabee Bahaa H , Haider Rafal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the Effect of Ag Nanoparticles on the PMMA-SPO-PS Blend, the samples of nano composition were prepared by adding Ag nano particles percentages of (1,3,5,7 mgm)wt % to the (SPO-PS-PMMA) blend, the thick films, It was the best blend when forgetting to mix (7mgm) silver nanoparticles were prepared by solvent with pure benzene at different time, The dielectric constant increases with increasing concentration and at frequency (from 100Hz to 3.E06Hz), and decreases with increasing frequency, the A.C electrical conductivity increases with increasing the frequency of applied electric field and concentrations of the (Ag) nanoparticles..
Buckling at Elevated Temperature for (6061-T6) Aluminum Alloy Columns under Increasing Load
Authors: Mshattat Shaymaa Mezaal , Al-Alkawi Hussein J , Reja Ahmed Hameed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA column is a structural member that bears an axial compressive load and is more likely to fail due to buckling than due to material strength. Some of these columns work at high temperature and this temperature effects the behavior of buckling. Then the designer must takes this factor into consideration. The present work involves the high-temperature buckling of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy rod(column) at different range of temperature (room temperature to 200°C). This work study the critical buckling load (Pcr) under the above temperature dynamically. The (Pcr) can be predicted by Euler theory. It has been observed that the Euler theory is not satisfy to applied under high temperature unless using temperature safety factor. The results show that elevated temperature weakens the structure and decreasing its mechanical and buckling properties. From the experimental results, empirical equations were derived to predict yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, critical buckling load and temperature safety factor at high temperature.
Study the antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite- nano silver coating on titanium substrate
Authors: Hamza Saja , Radhi Nabaa Sattar , Sahi Nebras Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The most often encountered laborer as a consequence prosthetic titanium (Ti) implant, failure is infection. Implant surfaces that are antibacterial due to nanoscale titanium modifications appear as an appealing peri-implantitis prevention approach. In this study, composite coating preparation) and antimicrobial properties (hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite/nanosilver) on titanium substrate by Micro Arc Oxidation(MAO). Preparation the electrolyte in the electrolyte, cell was an aqueous calcium acetate monohydrate solution of 0.1.3 mol/L ((CH3-COO)2..Ca.H2O) and 0.0.6 mol/l sodium biphosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4.2H2O) in distilled, water, pH of electrolyte was 2.3 after that, nano silver was added to the electrolyte in different proportions (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) g/L, and the coating times were also different (30, 45, 60) sec at a constant voltage 200 V. To observe the morphology a AFM test was done and must be known if there are bacteria present or not on Ti substrate and composite coating (HA, HA/nAg) samples by the antibacterial test. In addition, the surface, roughness was measured to study the extent of bacterial adhesion. The result of the tests for coated samples better compared with the uncoated sample. As a result, in the antibacterial test, composite coatings (HA, HA/nAg) were found to be more effective than Ti samples in destroying bacteria that had formed on their surfaces.