bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Newton's second law of motion
Authors: Nafria Amritpal Singh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of resistances on applied force has been studied practically. As per the study, the existing Newton’s equation (F=ma) calculates only net force and does not count the effect of resistances. It has been observed that in every action some part of the applied force is required to overcome the effect of resistances (friction, air resistances, etc.); and when applied force exceeds that amount only then a stationary body accelerate. Hence a mathematical expression (F=ma+r) has been provided by including a factor describing above said resistances.
Virtual network communications and the political polarization of society (on the example of the United States)
Authors: Feldman P. Y. , Zavalishin N. S. 
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to assessing the degree of influence of virtual network communications on the level of ideological polarization of society. The theoretical basis of the research was the works of foreign authors devoted to the problems of the network society and network communication, and the empirical basis was the results of observation of the information and communication processes that accompanied the US presidential campaign in 2020. The use of communication and network approaches allowed to trace the correlation between the mass use of popular Internet services and the political radicalization of citizens. The authors conclude that virtual network communication has a high potential for conflict. It ensures cooperation between groups of like-minded political activists, but exacerbates the political polarization of the society. The algorithms of new media are designed to stimulate ideological confrontation. The principle of maximum personalization of content immerses ordinary users in «information cocoons» (echo chambers), where they are isolated from alternative views of the surrounding reality. By constantly provoking the audience of social networks to emotional reactions, political actors and the media deliberately exacerbate the contradictions existing in society. They fill the virtual environment with resonant statements, mutual insults and fake news.The sense of permissiveness experienced by individuals using social networks contributes to the radicalization of the new media discourse. The key problem is that this state of affairs satisfies IT-corporations and meets the particular interests of the subjects of political struggle. From the point of view of the authors of the article, it is objectively necessary to introduce strict political and managerial mechanisms that can ensure the ordering of communication processes in the virtual environment. There are prerequisites for the ideological polarization of society in modern Russia, as in the United States. There is a great danger that during the fateful election campaigns at the federal level the ideological confrontation in social networks may develop into the violent struggle. To prevent the implementation of this negative scenario, a qualitative modernization of the existing regulatory framework in the field of regulation of network communications is required.
Determination of chemical oxygen demand in mixed organic solution by Ti/TiO2 nanotube array electrode method
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Wang Lan , Wang Linshan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a significant parameter for analyzing water quality. However, the detection methods still suffer from the problems of secondary pollution, use of harmful substances, complicated operations, etc. To trace these problems, a Ti/TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) electrode was successfully prepared in this work by the secondary anodic oxidation method. The prepared electrode was used to determine the COD of single- and multi-component solutions (including aniline, rhodamine B, and potassium hydrogen phthalate). The Ti/TiO2 NTA electrode exhibited higher electrochemical oxidation efficiency than the neat Ti one. The electrocatalytic reactions of the target organics on the electrode surface were confirmed to conform to the first-order kinetic process. Within a COD range of 5–150 mg/L, COD value was not only proportional to the anodizing current but also related to organic matter itself. The activation energies of electro-oxidation reaction of different substances differed from each other (An: 14.25 kJ/mol, RhB: 18.56 kJ/mol, and KHP: 35.32 kJ/mol), indicating the differences in their dynamic behaviors on the electrode surface. The related bias obtained for all successive measurements was below ± 5.8%. Therefore, we report a fast, effective, accurate, and well reproducible COD detection method that is feasible for both single-component and multiple-component organic solutions.
Ultrasound assisted Fenton-like degradation of dyes using copper doped graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Wang Chongqing , Huang Rong , Sun Ruirui , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel copper doped graphitic carbon nitride (Cu-C3N4) was successfully synthesized and used as an effective Fenton-like catalyst. Cu-C3N4 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Effect of process parameters including catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, solution pH, and initial methylene blue (MB) concentration was investigated to evaluate catalytic performance. The pseudo first-order kinetic model was used to describe the catalytic process. The enhancement of MB degradation is observed assisted by ultrasound. MB degradation of 96% is obtained within 30 min in Cu-C3N4/H2O2/ultrasound system, and the corresponding rate constant is 0.099 min−1. Effective MB degradation is obtained over a broad pH range (3.3–9.9). The catalytic mechanism is examined by ultraviolet-visible spectra, quenching test, and electron spin resonance determination. The dominant mechanism of MB degradation is ascribed to the ultrasonic H2O2 activation by Cu-C3N4 for hydroxyl radical generation. Cu-C3N4 has good reusability and is effective to degrade rhodamine B and acid orange 7. This work not only contributes to the field of wastewater treatment, but also provides insights into the synthesis of Fenton-like catalysts. The results manifest that Cu-C3N4 is a promising Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation in the field of environmental pollution remediation.
Silver-assisted Syntheses of Fused Five-membered N-heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Ahlawat Neha , Verma Yamini , Grewal Pooja , Bhardwaj Pranshu , Jangid Nirmala Kumari 
Published: July 2021

:
The metal-mediated formation of heterocycles is one of the most emerging and
important strategies in organic chemistry. The reactions utilized previously for the synthesis of
heterocycles were less familiar to the scientists due to their complicated work-up, expensive
nature, and difficult operations. The silver-assisted cyclic reactions are highly efficient for
both regioselective and stereoselective syntheses of five-membered fused N-heterocyclic compounds.
The applications of silver in the preparation of five-membered fused N-heterocyclic
compounds are covered in this review article.
Identification of a 15 DNA Damage Repair-Related Gene Signature as a
Prognostic Predictor for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jian Hong , Gu Linping , Xu Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common malignancy with a poor
prognosis due to the lack of predictive markers. DNA damage repair (DDR)-related genes are
closely related to cancer progression and treatment.

Introduction:
To identify a reliable DDR-related gene signature as an independent predictor of
LUAD.

Methods:
DDR-related genes were obtained using combined analysis of TCGA-LUAD data and
literature information, followed by the identification of DDR-related prognostic genes. The DDRrelated
molecular subtypes were then screened, followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, feature gene
identification, and pathway enrichment analysis of each subtype. Moreover, Cox and LASSO
regression analyses were performed for the feature genes of each subtype to construct a prognostic
model. The clinical utility of the prognostic model was confirmed using the validation dataset
GSE72094 and nomogram analysis.

Results:
Eight DDR-related prognostic genes were identified from 31 DDR-related genes. Using
consensus cluster analysis, three molecular subtypes were screened. Cluster2 had the best
prognosis, while cluster3 had the worst. Compared to cluster2, clusters 1 and 3 consisted of more
stage3 - 4, T2-T4, male, and older samples. The feature genes of clusters1, 2, and 3 were mainly
enriched in the cell cycle, arachidonic acid metabolism, and ribosomes. Furthermore, a 15-feature
gene signature was identified for improving the prognosis of LUAD patients.

Conclusion:
The 15 DDR-related feature gene signature is an independent and powerful
prognostic biomarker for LUAD that may improve risk classification and provide supplementary
information for a more accurate evaluation and personalized treatment.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting and Pharmacodynamics of Paclitaxel Nanoliposomes Modified by Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Ferric Tetroxide
Authors: Zhao Ling , Liang Leyi , Guo Mimi , Li Ming , Yu Xuesong , Wang Ying , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
Research on developing targeted delivery of anticancer drugs for the treatment of
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ongoing. This study aimed to synthesize nanoliposomes modified
by glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and ferric tetroxide (Fe3O4) for targeted delivery of paclitaxel for
selective and specific therapy of HCC.

Objective:
During this project, GA and Fe3O4 were used to jointly modify the active targeting and
magnetic orientation of paclitaxel nanoliposomes for enhanced targeting of HCC to improve the efficacy,
while reducing the systemic toxicity and side effects of the drug.

Methods:
In this study, liposomes were prepared utilizing a thin film dispersion method, in which
the average particle size of GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP was 148.9 ± 2.3 nm, and the average Zeta potential
was -23.2 ± 3 mV. Based on TEM characterization, GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP is a closed particle with bilayer
membranes. In vitro release assessments of the drug indicated that the release of GA/Fe3O4-
PTX-LP was sustained.

Results:
In vitro cell tests have demonstrated that GA/Fe3O 4-PTX-LP can inhibit the proliferation,
affect the morphology, migration and invasion, and interfere with the cycle of HCC cells. Uptake
tests have confirmed that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP can promote the uptake of the drug in HCC
cells.

Conclusion:
In vivo targeting experiments have shown that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP has a strong ability
to target tumors. In vivo antitumor assessments have proven that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP can inhibit
tumor growth without obvious toxicity. This project provides a promising nano-targeted drug delivery
system for the treatment of HCC.
Flexible Bronchoscopy Biopsy Tools and Techniques to Optimize Diagnostic
Yield: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Ramayanam Snehamayi , Puchalski Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Flexible bronchoscopy is essential in diagnosing many pathologic conditions,
and tools such as lavage and biopsies using brushes, forceps, and needles are paramount to
success.

Introduction:
Bronchoscopists worldwide are routinely confronted with questions about such tools
regarding the type, size, utility, costs, safety, anticipated yield, and others. Does the underlying suspected
condition matter to the choice of instruments used? What is the anticipated outcome for benign
versus malignant diseases? These and other questions are raised daily by bronchoscopists.

Methods:
Pubmed was reviewed for research in the English language pertaining to diagnostic bronchoscopy.
The literature is conflicting on the benefits of the types of tools available. The success of
brush biopsies, forceps, and transbronchial needle aspiration is only partially dependent on the size
of the instrument used or its other characteristics. Multiple biopsies are needed, and different approaches
may be complementary in some circumstances.

Results:
By understanding the factors that involve in a biopsy, the bronchoscopist is more likely to
be successful when a crucial diagnosis is mandatory.

Conclusion:
This review aims to be a reference to bronchoscopists everywhere as they contemplate
their approach to flexible diagnostic bronchoscopy.
Shared Food, Meals and Drinks: 10 Arguments Suggesting an Oral
Transmission Route of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wendling Jean-Michel , Saulnier Aure , Sabatier Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2021

:
Numerous observational, epidemiologic data have suggested that the risk of COVID19 is related to shared
meals or drinks. The presence of ACE2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract supports this hypothesis. Furthermore, several patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms without any respiratory disease. The SARS-CoV-2 found on food and
packaging in China and the epidemic resurgence attributed to foods are also strong indications of an oral transmission
route. Unprecedented biopersistence on skin, food, and beverages supports this theory. Finally, animal models reproducing the disease by oral inoculation are additional arguments in favor of an oro-digestive route of infection.
Young and Middle-aged Adults Differ in Neural Correlate of Sustained Attention: A fNIRS Study
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Khandekar Prachi , Sathe Abhinav 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the activation of prefrontal cortex during sustained
attention task in young and middle aged adults using Functional near infrared spectroscopy
system.

Background:
Sustained Attention (SA) is a construct of cognition that tends to decline with age.
There is a paucity of literature regarding the neural correlates of SA in middle age, a link between
young and old age.

Objective:
This study evaluated the differences in SA ability and its neural correlates using fNIRS
between young and middle aged adults.

Methods:
38 young and 25 middle aged adults were evaluated for the changes in neural correlates
(oxy and deoxy haemoglobin concentration in prefrontal cortex) during a SA task known as cognitrone.

Results:
The results obtained showed that young adults performed significantly better than middle
aged adults on the SA task with no gender difference in their performance. There was a significant
difference in the prefrontal activation pattern between young and middle aged adults. We found
right prefrontal dominance in young adults and left prefrontal dominance in middle aged adults.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the ability to maintain SA diminishes with age, advancing
from young to middle age. Hemodynamic findings confirmed significant differences in neural resources
in the prefrontal cortical areas between young and middle age.
Computational Investigation on the MDM2-Idasanutlin Interaction Using the Potential of Mean Force Method
Authors: Das Pundarikaksha , Mattaparthi Venkata Satish Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) protein is a well-studied primary
negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 molecule. Therefore, nowadays many research
studies have focused on the inhibition of MDM2 with potent inhibitors. Idasanutlin (RG7388) is a
well-studied small molecule, the antagonist of MDM2 with potential antineoplastic activity. Nevertheless,
the highly significant information pertaining to the free energy profile, intermediates, and
the association of receptor and ligand components in the MDM2-idasanutlin complex remains unclear.

Objective:
To study the free energy profile of the MDM2-idasanutlin complex in terms of the Potential
of Mean Force (PMF) method.

Method:
We have used the PMF method coupled with umbrella sampling simulations to generate
the free energy profile for the association of N-Terminal Domain (NTD) of MDM2 and idasanutlin
along with a specific reaction coordinate for identifying transition states, intermediates as well as
the relative stabilities of the endpoints. We also have determined the binding characteristics and interacting
residues at the interface of the MDM2-idasanutlin complex from the Binding Free Energy
(BFE) and Per Residue Energy Decomposition (PRED) analyses.

Results:
The PMF minima for the MDM2-idasanutlin complex was observed at a center of mass
(CoM) distance of separation of 11 Å with dissociation energy of 17.5 kcal mol-1. As a function of
the distance of separation of MDM2 from idasanutlin, we also studied the conformational dynamics
as well as stability of the NTD of MDM2. We found that there is indeed a high binding affinity
between MDM2 and idasanutlin (ΔGbinding = -3.19 kcal mol-1). We found that in MDM2, the residues
MET54, VAL67, and LEU58 provide the highest energy input for the interaction between
MDM2 and idasanutlin.

Conclusion:
Our results in this study illustrate the significant structural and binding features of the
MDM2-idasanutlin complex that may be useful in the development of potent inhibitors of MDM2.
Estimación de la heredabilidad del intervalo entre partos en bovinos Romosinuano mediante el modelo lineal mixto generalizado
Authors: Santana Rodríguez Martha Oliva , Ossa Saraz Gustavo Alfonso , López Martínez Jorge Leonardo , Hernandez Barajas Fredy , Garcés Blanquiceth Jorge Luis 
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el valor de heredabilidad del carácter intervalo entre partos en una población de 2.112 vacas Romosinuano, y determinar los factores responsables de la variación de este carácter mediante el modelo lineal mixto generalizado. Se analizaron 7.560 registros de intervalo entre partos en el periodo 1936-2016. La media del intervalo entre partos fue de 379,74 ± 49,22 días (CV = 12,96 %) y las clases mes de parto, número de intervalo entre partos y año de parto tuvieron un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre este carácter. Los menores intervalos entre partos ocurrieron entre abril y junio (367,12 ± 46,06 días), en vacas de cuarto y quinto parto (373,93 ± 46,93 días), y entre los años 1956 y 1965 (370,48 ± 50,55 días). Los mayores valores se presentaron entre octubre y diciembre (388,92 ± 57,96 días) en vacas de segundo (389,70 ± 49,38 días) y tercer intervalo entre partos (382,18 ± 51,19 días) cuyo parto ocurrió en el periodo 1946-1955 (387,69 ± 56,75 días). La heredabilidad de este carácter fue de 0,0001 ± 0,002. Se concluye que la raza Romosinuano tiene eficiencia reproductiva; sin embargo, dada la baja heredabilidad del intervalo entre partos, la selección por este carácter tendrá un impacto relativamente bajo debido al efecto de factores ambientales sobre su variación. El modelo lineal mixto generalizado es una herramienta que permite este tipo de estudios.
Steroid switching in dystrophinopathy treatment: a US chart review of patient characteristics and clinical outcomes
Authors: Marden Jessica R , Santos Claudio , Pfister Brian , Able Richard , Lane Henry , Somma Michael , Zhao Jing , Signorovitch James , Parsons Julie , Apkon Susan 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
To describe reasons for switching from prednisone/prednisolone to deflazacort and associated clinical outcomes among patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD, respectively) in the USA.
Methods:
A chart review of patients with DMD (n = 62) or BMD (n = 30) who switched from prednisone to deflazacort (02/2017–12/2018) collected demographic/clinical characteristics, reasons for switching, outcomes and common adverse events.
Results:
The mean ages at switch were 20.1 (DMD) and 9.2 (BMD) years. The primary physician-reported reasons for switching were ‘to slow disease progression’ (DMD: 83%, BMD: 79%) and ‘tolerability’ (67 and 47%). Switching was ‘very’ or ‘somewhat’ effective at addressing the primary reasons in 90–95% of patients.
Conclusion:
Physician-reported outcomes were consistent with deflazacort addressing patients' primary reasons for switching.
The Role of Construal Alignment in Enterprise Risk Management
Authors: Liu Xin , Wong-On-Wing Bernard 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
According to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO 2017), two important elements of an organization's enterprise risk management (ERM) framework are its risk management philosophy, and its risk appetite and tolerance. Based on Construal Level Theory (CLT), we posit that the effectiveness of ERM depends on the extent of alignment (non-fit or fit) between mental representations (high versus low construal) of those two ERM elements. We test our hypothesis across two risk cases: safety and confidentiality. Results of our experiment suggest that employees are more proactive when there is a construal fit between the emphasis placed on a firm's risk management philosophy and its expression of the key risk indicators (KRIs). This benefit is observed in the confidentiality case, but not in the safety case. Implications are discussed.
Disclosure to Regulate Learning in Product Markets from the Stock Market
Authors: Arya Anil , Ramanan Ram N.V. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A firm's stock price may reveal information to a variety of participants, including its strategic partners and competitive rivals. This paper establishes that when a firm discloses cost information it can confound decision-relevant demand information embedded in the stock price that observers can otherwise extract. With stock price valuing firm profit (not cost and revenue separately), a disconnect is introduced between the firm's actions and its intent—it discloses more (less) on one dimension when its intent is to conceal (reveal) on another. Moreover, the firm's intent can be to either reveal or conceal information depending on what gives its partner the best competitive edge over its rival. Consequently, a firm's disclosure is made strategically, incorporating both valuation and competitive effects. Interestingly, the firm's disclosure strategy is designed in close concert with its production decision, i.e., the firm's optimal accounting and real decisions interact with each other for maximum impact.
Thermal Disinfection Validation: The Relationship Between A0 and Microbial Reduction
Authors: Kremer Terra A. , McDonnell Gerald , Mitzel Emily , Jain Nupur , Hubert Henri , Roth Klaus , Labrie Philippe , Villella Alex 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Validating a thermal disinfection process for the processing of medical devices using moist heat via direct temperature monitoring is a conservative approach and has been established as the A0 method. Traditional use of disinfection challenge microorganisms and testing techniques, although widely used and applicable for chemical disinfection studies, do not provide as robust a challenge for testing the efficacy of a thermal disinfection process. Considerable research has been established in the literature to demonstrate the relationship between the thermal resistance of microorganisms to inactivation and the A0 method formula. The A0 method, therefore, should be used as the preferred method for validating a thermal disinfection process using moist heat.
Resiko Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Pada Relawan Tanggap Bencana
Authors: Defanera Raihasih Imtinaniyah , Annisa Meiza 
Published: July 2021

Peningkatan kesehatan fisik bagi relawan adalah salah satu cara program mitigasi bencana karena dengan memanagemen fisik dari relawan akan meningkatkan kapasitas proteksi diri dalam tanggap bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor resiko Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Relawan Kebencanaan. Metodologi Berupa studi pustaka yang memfokuskan kepada kajian artikel buku dan sumber lain. Kesimpulan Cidera dan work related musculoskeletal disorders sangatlah tinggi untuk itu harus memperhatikan benar bagaimana pergerakan suatu fungsi tubuh yang menggunakan pergerakan secara manual untuk sebuah pemindahan objek. Sudah saatnya pekerja tanggap bencana memperhatikan pencegahan faktor resiko yang mungkin saja dialami. Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor resiko Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Relawan Kebencanaan