bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
­ Characterization of the Immune Infiltration Landscape and Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chen Yuanmei , Huang Xinyi , Peng Haiyan , Weng Guibin , Huang Zhengrong , Zhang Yangfan , Xiao Tianya , Chen Junqiang , Zhu Kunshou , Xu Yuanji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 7th most common neoplasm and the 6th most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Immunotherapy is an effective treatment for EC patients. However, there are no dependable markers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy responses in EC. Our study aims to explore prognostic models and markers in EC as well as predictors for immunotherapy. Methods. The expression profiles of EC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognostic model. Overall survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were applied to verify the accuracy of the model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was conducted to quantify the infiltration of different immune cells, and EC was grouped into three immune cell infiltration (ICI) clusters. PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were compared between the ICI clusters. Overall survival analysis between ICI score and tumor mutation burden was conducted. The immunotherapy response of patients in different ICI score clusters was also compared. The copy number variations, somatic mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. Enrichment analyses were also performed. Results. A prognostic model was successfully constructed. Three ICI clusters were identified, and the clusters with high immune and stromal scores tended to have more immune-activated phenotypes and higher expressions of PD-1 and PDL1. The ICI score may be used as a predictor independent of tumor mutation burden. Patients with higher ICI score tended to have better immunotherapeutic responses than those with lower scores. Enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in microvillus and the KRAS and IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathways. The top eight genes with the highest mutation frequencies in EC were identified and all related to the prognosis of EC patients. Conclusions. Our study established an effective prognostic model and identified markers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of EC patients.
Numerical Analysis of Fairings for Bicycles
Authors: Bhavani Polamarasetty Teja , Bhavani P. Teja , Rao Y. Seetharama , Murthy B. V. Ramana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aerodynamics is the study of moving air's properties and the interactions between moving air and solids. Rider gets slammed into air particles while riding that gets compressed once rider hit them and then become spaced out once they flow over the rider. The distinction in atmospheric pressure from your front to your back creates a retardant force. The force that's perpendicular to the oncoming flow direction is the lift force. It contrasts with the drag force. Aerodynamic shapes reduce this pressure drag and lift by minimizing that difference in pressure and allowing the air to flow more smoothly over your front, reducing the low-pressure wake behind the cyclist and reducing this drag, and increasing speed in this paper; fairings designed. NACA airfoil as a base, fairings are designed using CATIA.CFD analysis is carried out on the bicycle with a fairing to calculate drag and lift force. As the position of cyclists isn't modified and due to fairing, the air resistance reduces, which may increase the comfort level of cyclists. From this analysis, the economical fairing can be determined, facilitating additional drag and producing less lift.
Analysis of the Results of Gastrin-17 and its Related Influencing Factors in Health Check-Up Population
Authors: Shen Yan , Zeng Junchao , Xu Sanping , Yang Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To analyze the difference of serum gastrin-17 levels in different sexs, ages, and body mass index (BMI) of healthy people, and to explore the correlation between gastrin 17 and pepsinogen, in addition to study the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and various inflammatory factors on the secretion level of gastrin-17. Methods: 531 subjects who received physical examination in our center from April 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. All the staff were tested for gastrin 17 (G17), pepsinogen I (PGI), pepsinogen II (PGII), PGI / PGII (PGR), Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory factors. To compare the difference of G17 secretion in different populations and its correlation with PG, then to understand the HP infection and the influence of inflammatory indicators on G17. Results: There was no significant difference in the secretion level of G17 in different sex, age and BMI (P > 0.05); G17 was positively correlated with PGI and PGII, but negatively correlated with PGR; the level of G17 in Helicobacter pylori positive patients was 10.16±12.84, which was significantly higher than that in negative patients(3.27±6.65), P =0.017, 95% CI: 1.713 (1.100, 2.668); the increase of serum amyloid A(SAA) in different inflammatory indicators was the high-risk factor of G17 abnormality, P=0.016, 95% CI: 2.692 (1.202, 6.028), obviously CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had no effect on G17 abnormalities. Conclusions: The secretion of G17 is closely related to PG and HP. Combined screening is helpful for early screening of gastrointestinal diseases in healthy or high-risk groups of gastric cancer, but the influence of inflammatory indicators on G17 should be excluded to improve the reliability of the results.
Estimation of Runoff, Baseflow and ground water status in Parasai-Sindh watershed of SAT region, India
Authors: Kumari Reena , Sharma Babloo , Kumari Pratibha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A study of runoff and baseflow estimation and its impact ground water status are typically limited in semi-arid region of India. We are focused on runoff and baseflow in the Parasai-Sindh watershed, with the aim of analyzing the influence of watershed management on the response characteristics of discharge. The geological area watershed is 12.46 km2 and its main stream is found to be of 4th order. The runoff and baseflow of watershed were estimated by subtracting barometric pressure from the stage recoded by Baro and Diver install at outlet to get actual stage of runoff passing over it. The results indicate that out of 49.2 mm rainfall event, runoff and baseflow at outlet of watershed were found as 20.98% and 4.19%, respectively. Whereas, runoff and baseflow were recorded 14.12% and 11.18%, respectively against 86.2 mm rainfall. Total runoff and baseflow produced from outlet was recorded as 16 and 7%, respectively.
Association of Sequence types, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in India isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Comparative Genomics Study
Authors: Sundaresan Abhirami Krishnamoorthy , Vincent Keerthana , Mohan Ganesh Babu Malli , Ramakrishnan Jayapradha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important ESKAPE pathogen that causes sepsis, urinary tract infections, peritonitis, intraabdominal abscesses and upper respiratory infections. The strains exhibiting multidrug resistance and hypervirulence are priority pathogens for which immediate treatment and dissemination prevention strategies are required. The hypervirulent drug resistant K. pneumoniae is associated with high mortality rates. Numbers of environmental strains also have acquired virulence genes. Hence to gain a better understanding of the spread of antimicrobial resistant genes across the country over 10 years and to delineate environmental and clinical K. pneumoniae, a comparative genomics investigation was made. This is the first comparative genomic study using India isolates of K. pneumoniae, which includes publicly available WGS of 144 clinical and 9 environmental strains collected during 2010–2020. The blaCTX-M-15 was widely distributed in clinical isolates since 2013 and increased over time from 5 % to 30 %. The co-existence of blaNDM and blaOXA was observed in 22 % of clinical strains. Diverse serotypes were found among the 153 K. pneumoniae isolates, of which, K51 (28%) and K64 (21.56%) were majorly found. Most of the K51 isolates belong to ST231 (93.02 %). And more than 50% of KL51 strains were found to have both rmpA and magA. The number of associated virulence genes (rmpA, magA, entB, ybtS, iutA, alls,) appeared to be higher in ST231-KL51 and ST23-KL1 isolates. Of greatest concern, these virulence genes are observed in environmental strains aswell. More than 97% of clinical strains have yersinibactin (ybtS), aerobactin (iutA) genes. Importantly, 98% of ESBL and 62% of carbapenamasen isolates harboured ybtS, iutA and rmpA, magA respectively. The IncF conjugative plasmids are predominant in K. pneumoniae, which contribute to the spread of AMR, and virulence genes. The increasing trend in hypervirulent strains was observed from 2017. The phylogenetic analysis separates the environmental from clinical strains and is characterized by uncommon STs and serotypes. Thus, the study illustrates the K. pneumoniae genomic surveillance in India representing the phylogenetic evolution, STs, AMR, virulence, serotype to provide more attention for immediate treatment and preventing the dissemination of K. pneumoniae.
Chemogenomic Approaches for Revealing Drug Target Interactions in
Drug Discovery
Authors: Bhargava Harshita , Sharma Amita , Suravajhala Prashanth 
Published: September 2021

:
The drug discovery process has been a crucial and cost-intensive process. This cost is not only monetary but also involves risks, time, and labour that are incurred while introducing a drug in the market. In order to reduce this cost and the risks associated with the drugs that may result in severe side effects, the in silico methods have gained popularity in recent years. These methods have had a significant impact on not only drug discovery but also the related areas such as drug repositioning, drug-target interaction prediction, drug side effect prediction, personalised medicine, etc. Amongst these research areas predicting interactions between drugs and targets forms the basis for drug discovery. The availability of big data in the form of bioinformatics, genetic databases, along with computational methods, have further supported data-driven decision-making. The results obtained through these methods may be further validated using in vitro or in vivo experiments. This validation step can further justify the predictions resulting from in silico approaches, further increasing the accuracy of the overall result in subsequent stages. A variety of approaches are used in predicting drug-target interactions, including ligand-based, molecular docking based and chemogenomic-based approaches. This paper discusses the chemogenomic methods, considering drug target interaction as a classification problem on whether or not an interaction between a particular drug and target would serve as a basis for understanding drug discovery/drug repositioning. We present the advantages and disadvantages associated with their application.
Recent Studies on Neglected Drug Design
Authors: de Sousa Natália Ferreira , Scotti Luciana , Rodrigues Gabriela Cristina Soares , de Moura Érika Paiva , Costa Barros Renata Priscila Barros , Sessions Zoe L. , Muratov Eugene N. , Scotti Marcus Tullius 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Neglected diseases require special attention when looking for new therapeutic alternatives, as these are diseases of extreme complexity and severity that affect populations belonging to lower social classes who are lacking access to basic rights such as basic sanitation.

Introduction:
Among the alternatives available for obtaining new drugs is Medicinal Chemistry, which is responsible for the discovery, identification, invention and preparation of prototypes. In this perspective, the present work aims to make a bibliographic review on the recent studies of Medicinal Chemistry applied to neglected diseases.

Method:
A literature review was carried out by searching the “Web of Sciences” database, including recent articles published in the Neglected Drug Design.

Results:
In general, it was noticed that the most studied neglected diseases corresponded to Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, with studies on organic synthesis, optimization of structures and molecular hybrids being the most used strategies. It is also worth mentioning the growing number of computationally developed studies, providing speed and optimization of costs in the procurement process.

Conclusion:
The CADD approach and organic synthesis studies, when applied in the area of Medicinal Chemistry proved to be important in the research and discovery of drugs for Neglected Diseases, since the planning of the experimental methodology used to obtain it, as well as in the selection of compounds with greater activity potential.
Ivabradine for Uncontrolled Sinus Tachycardia in Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy – Case Report
Authors: Frenkel Amit , Bichovsky Yoav , Arotsker Natan , Besser Limor , Joshua Ben-Zion , Fraenkel Merav , Zahger Doron , Klein Moti 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Beta blockers, mainly propranalol, are usually administered to control heart rate in patients with thyrotoxicosis, especially when congestive heart failure presents. However, when thyrotoxicosis is not controlled, heart rate may be difficult to control even with maximal doses of propranolol. This presentation alerts physicians to the possibility of using ivabradine, a selective inhibitor of the sinoatrial pacemaker, for the control of heart rate.

Case presentation:
We present a 37-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis and congestive heart failure whose heart rate was not controlled with a maximal dose of beta blockers during a thyroid storm. The addition of ivabradine, a selective inhibitor of the sinoatrial pacemaker, controlled her heart rate within 48 hours.

Conclusion:
Ivabradine should be considered in patients with thyrotoxicosis, including those with heart failure, in whom beta blockers are insufficient to control heart rate
Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes in the Susceptibility and Protection of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Gil-Carrasco Félix , Alvarez-Padilla Marla , Hernández-Doño Susana , Ponce-Coria José , García-Silva Rafael , Granados Julio 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Glaucoma is a prevalent disease seen in the Ophthalmology department that includes a group of neurodegenerative eye pathologies associated with total loss of vision. It is known for its clinical diversity and secondary to this, it is assumed that multiple genes play a role in its pathogenesis. Among these, those that regulate the immune response which includes the HLA genes are of particular interest because they have been associated with a subgroup of glaucoma patients known as Primary Open Glaucoma.

Methods:
In this study, we studied 3 different groups of patients with glaucoma in whom HLA alleles were determined by sequence-specific primers (SSP) technique.

Results:
An association of HLA-DRB1*16 was found with the susceptibility to develop Primary Congenital Glaucoma. In addition, HLA-DRB1*14 was associated with glaucoma without angular dysgenesis, and HLA-DRB1*03 to glaucoma with iridocorneal dysgenesis.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the data obtained allow us to suggest that glaucoma is a clinical and genetically heterogeneous disease in which one of the subgroups has an autoimmune mechanism in which the Mexican mestizo population shows genetic susceptibility and it differs from POAG with angular dysgenesis and POAG without dysgenesis.
Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 for the Degradation of O3: Examined by Environmental Parameters
Authors: Skov Magnus Christoffer , Kristensen Steffen Enggaard , Mikkelsen Teis Nørgaard 
Published: September 2021

Background:
This paper describes how environmentally relevant parameters affect titanium
dioxide's photocatalytic properties (TiO2) to decompose ozone (O3).

Methods:
Thus, experiments have been carried out in a box chamber with TiO2 coated roofing membrane
samples to determine the significance of light intensity, temperature, initial O3 concentration,
and relative humidity. Furthermore, an outdoor experiment was conducted where the roofing membrane
was subjected to natural sunlight.

Results:
The results show a significant photocatalytic effect of TiO2. The half-life of the O3 decay
curve is 5.8 min in near-ambient UV-light exposure compared with 7.1 min in dark conditions. Experiments
conducted at higher light intensity show a more extensive degradation of O3, where the value
of the reactive uptake coefficient increases from 0.044 to 0.051. Also, the measurements carried out
under natural sunlight show a photocatalytic effect where the uptake coefficient value is 0.046. A
larger photocatalytic effect is detected for the experiments conducted at 283 K and 303 K temperatures
compared with experiments under standard conditions.

Conclusion:
Experiments carried out with a very high initial concentration of O3 show that 28.1 μg of
O3 is decomposed in ambient conditions, where 2.3 μg is destroyed. This demonstrates that light intensity,
temperature, ozone concentration, and relative humidity significantly impact TiO2's degradation
of O3.
Twitter Use by Academic Nuclear Medicine Programs: Pilot Content Analysis Study
Authors: Panda Ananya , Sharma Akash , Dundar Ayca , Packard Ann , Aase Lee , Kotsenas Amy , Kendi Ayse Tuba 
Published: September 2021

Background
There is scant insight into the presence of nuclear medicine (NM) and nuclear radiology (NR) programs on social media.

Objective
Our purpose was to assess Twitter engagement by academic NM/NR programs in the United States.

Methods
We measured Twitter engagement by the academic NM/NR community, accounting for various NM/NR certification pathways. The Twitter presence of NM/NR programs at both the department and program director level was identified. Tweets by programs were cross-referenced against potential high-yield NM- or NR-related hashtags, and tabulated at a binary level. A brief survey was done to identify obstacles and benefits to Twitter use by academic NM/NR faculty.

Results
For 2019-2020, 88 unique programs in the United States offered NM/NR certification pathways. Of these, 52% (46/88) had Twitter accounts and 24% (21/88) had at least one post related to NM/NR. Only three radiology departments had unique Twitter accounts for the NM/molecular imaging division. Of the other 103 diagnostic radiology residency programs, only 16% (16/103) had a presence on Twitter and 5% (5/103) had tweets about NM/NR. Only 9% (8/88) of NM/NR program directors were on Twitter, and three program directors tweeted about NM/NR. The survey revealed a lack of clarity and resources around using Twitter, although respondents acknowledged the perceived value of Twitter engagement for attracting younger trainees.

Conclusions
Currently, there is minimal Twitter engagement by the academic NM/NR community. The perceived value of Twitter engagement is counterbalanced by identifiable obstacles. Given radiologists’ overall positive views of social media’s usefulness, scant social media engagement by the NM community may represent a missed opportunity. More Twitter engagement and further research by trainees and colleagues should be encouraged, as well as the streamlined use of unique hashtags.
Examining How Internet Users Trust and Access Electronic Health Record Patient Portals: Survey Study
Authors: Yin Rong , Law Katherine , Neyens David 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundElectronic health record (EHR) patient portals are designed to provide medical health records to patients. Using an EHR portal is expected to contribute to positive health outcomes and facilitate patient-provider communication.ObjectiveOur objective was to examine how portal users report using their portals and the factors associated with obtaining health information from the internet. We also examined the desired portal features, factors impacting users’ trust in portals, and barriers to using portals.MethodsAn internet-based survey study was conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk. All the participants were adults in the United States who used patient portals. The survey included questions about how the participants used their portals, what factors acted as barriers to using their portals, and how they used and how much they trusted other web-based health information sources as well as their portals. A logistic regression model was used to examine the factors influencing the participants’ trust in their portals. Additionally, the desired features and design characteristics were identified to support the design of future portals.ResultsA total of 394 participants completed the survey. Most of the participants were less than 35 years old (212/394, 53.8%), with 36.3% (143/394) aged between 35 and 55 years, and 9.9% (39/394) aged above 55 years. Women accounted for 48.5% (191/394) of the survey participants. More than 78% (307/394) of the participants reported using portals at least monthly. The most common portal features used were viewing lab results, making appointments, and paying bills. Participants reported some barriers to portal use including data security and limited access to the internet. The results of a logistic regression model used to predict the trust in their portals suggest that those comfortable using their portals (odds ratio [OR] 7.97, 95% CI 1.11-57.32) thought that their portals were easy to use (OR 7.4, 95% CI 1.12-48.84), and frequent internet users (OR 43.72, 95% CI 1.83-1046.43) were more likely to trust their portals. Participants reporting that the portals were important in managing their health (OR 28.13, 95% CI 5.31-148.85) and that their portals were a valuable part of their health care (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.51-30.11) were also more likely to trust their portals.ConclusionsThere are several factors that impact the trust of EHR patient portal users in their portals. Designing easily usable portals and considering these factors may be the most effective approach to improving trust in patient portals. The desired features and usability of portals are critical factors that contribute to users’ trust in EHR portals.