bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is fear of falling and the associated restrictions in daily activity related to depressive symptoms in older adults?
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Kim Woorim 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDepression is a risk factor for various conditions, including suicide. Considering the high prevalence of fear of falling in the elderly, its association with depression requires examination. This study investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and fear of falling and falling‐induced daily activity restrictions in Koreans aged 60 years or above.MethodsData from the 2006 to 2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10‐item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D 10) scale. The general characteristics of the study population were analysed using Chi‐square tests. The relationship between the dependent and independent variables were investigated using the generalised estimating equation (GEE) model.ResultsOf the 2933 study participants, 1086 (37.0%) reported fear of falling but no related restrictions in daily activities, and 399 (13.6%) reported fear of falling plus such restrictions. Compared to individuals without fear of falling, participants with fear of falling but no related activity restriction (odds ratio (OR) 2.08, 95% CI 1.94–2.23) and activity limitations (OR 2.51, 95% CI 2.28–2.75) showed higher likelihoods of depressive symptoms in a stepwise manner after adjustment.ConclusionFear of falling and its induced daily activity restrictions were associated with a higher likelihood of depressive symptoms in older adults. The findings infer the need to implement preventive and moderating measures to address fear of falling and its related negative health effects.
Kelp aquaculture in China: a retrospective and future prospects
Authors: Hu Zi‐Min , Shan Ti‐Feng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Quan‐Sheng , Critchley Alan T. , Choi Han‐Gil , Yotsukura Norishige , Liu Fu‐Li , Duan De‐Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, China has the largest scale of kelp cultivation and production operations. However, its kelp aquaculture industry is suffering from declining germplasm diversity, degradation of agronomic traits, the presence of polluted environments, changing ocean conditions and increasing anthropological interference. This review covers two of the most commercially important kelp species in China, viz. Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida. It summarizes the history of their cultivation, production, economic and ecological benefits, their breeding programmes (e.g. inter‐ and intra‐specific hybridization and marker‐assisted selection) and efforts towards population genetic diversity and conservation. The article focuses on three significant challenges, for example genetic cross‐contamination between the wild and farmed kelp populations, ocean warming and ocean acidification. Accordingly, we outline the steps required to provide several intervention measures, for example (i) collection and preservation of wild and cultivated kelp germplasm; (ii) selection of suitable cultivation sites under changing environmental conditions; (iii) developing stress‐resistant cultivars; and finally, (iv) adoption of innovative cultivation models. The review concludes with genome‐based, designs for molecular breeding and calls for the establishment of an East Asian Kelp Consortium (EAKC). Collectively, the Chinese kelp industry could provide beneficial goods and services, for example bioenergy to fine chemicals and environmental benefits, such as carbon capture, pH amelioration and provision of habitat for many other marine species of commercial value. The strategies proposed in this article thus have the potential to not only improve but also reinvigorate the kelp industry in China and nearby Japan and Korea, in the context of both environmental health and economic benefits.
Optimal Investment in Prevention and Recovery for Mitigating Epidemic Risks
Authors: Huang C. Derrick , Baghersad Milad , Behara Ravi S. , Zobel Christopher W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe worldwide healthcare and economic crisis caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the need for a deeper understanding of investing in the mitigation of epidemic risks. To address this, we built a mathematical model to optimize investments into two types of measures for mitigating the risks of epidemic propagation: prevention/containment measures and treatment/recovery measures. The new model explicitly accounts for the characteristics of networks of individuals, as a critical element of epidemic propagation. Subsequent analysis shows that, to combat an epidemic that can cause significant negative impact, optimal investment in either category increases with a higher level of connectivity and intrinsic loss, but it is limited to a fraction of that total potential loss. However, when a fixed and limited mitigation investment is to be apportioned among the two types of measures, the optimal proportion of investment for prevention and containment increases when the investment limit goes up, and when the network connectivity decreases. Our results are consistent with existing studies and can be used to properly interpret what happened in past pandemics as well as to shed light on future and ongoing events such as COVID‐19.
Accounting for Health Risk Inequality in Regulatory Impact Analysis: Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Levy Jonathan I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in accounting for inequality in health risks and benefits within regulatory impact analyses, both given more general interest in the distributions of benefits and growing concerns about inequity (defined as those inequalities deemed unjust or unfair) and environmental injustice (in this context, those health risk inequalities that are correlated with race/ethnicity and certain other sociodemographic factors). Although there has been growing literature on this topic, there has been limited progress in practice, and the lack of quantification limits consideration of inequality in the policy process. Controversy remains regarding the best approaches to formally incorporate inequality, when these approaches should be used, and even whether it makes sense to quantify inequality in this context. The objective of this article is to review the literature on approaches for incorporating estimates of, and concerns for, inequality into regulatory impact analyses, especially those where environmental justice considerations are relevant, and consider the interpretation of these approaches and the implications for decision making. Using the case example of the Transportation and Climate Initiative, a collaboration among Northeast and Mid‐Atlantic states to reduce carbon emissions from the transportation sector, multiple strategies are described that could be used to shed light on health risk inequality and inequity, consider them in pending policy decisions, and evaluate their implications for the policy or instrument choice. Given appropriate contextualization and acknowledgment of the multidimensionality of equity, quantitative inequality indicators can provide meaningful insight about both inequality and inequity in health risks.
Spousal care and its effect on partnership characteristics – a longitudinal analysis of spousal caregiving and care receipt in Germany
Authors: Happich Fiona , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesMany studies have investigated the impact of spousal care on the caregiver's (sometimes care recipient's) life, whereas only few studies took its effect on the partnership into account. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine whether the onset of spousal caregiving or care receipt in a person's life is associated with a change of the own partnership characteristics.MethodA longitudinal design was set up which included 4573 participants of 2014 and 2017 (fifth and sixth wave) of the DEAS (German Ageing Survey – a nationally representative sample). Receipt of spousal care or spousal caregiving activity was detected by dichotomous questions, and the partnership characteristics (partnership satisfaction, conflict frequency and partnership bond) were measured by three 5‐point scales. For estimating the effect of spousal care on the own partnership characteristics, linear fixed effects (FE) regressions were used for each of the independent subgroups (caregiver and care recipient). Thus, the analysis was performed with an unpaired sample of caregivers and care recipients.ResultsAdjusted for potential confounders, regression analysis showed that while the caregivers’ satisfaction with partnership decreased, partnership satisfaction of the care recipients increased with the onset of spousal care. A decrease of the conflict frequency and the partnership bond were only identified among caregivers.ConclusionThis longitudinal study extends previous knowledge in the field of spousal care research and underlines the importance of appropriate interventions in these care situations.
Care to Wager Again? An Appraisal of Paul Ehrlich's Counterbet Offer to Julian Simon, Part 1: Outcomes
Authors: Desrochers Pierre , Geloso Vincent , Szurmak Joanna 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis paper provides the first comprehensive assessment of the outcome of Paul Ehrlich and Stephen Schneider's counteroffer (1995) to economist Julian Simon following Ehrlich's loss in the famous Ehrlich‐Simon wager on economic growth and the price of natural resources (1980‐1990).MethodsLiterature review, data gathering and critical assessment of the indicators and proxies suggested or implied by Ehrlich and Schneider. Critical assessment of Simon's reasons for rejecting the bet. Data gathering for his alternative indicators.ResultsFor indicators that can be measured satisfactorily, the balance of the outcomes favors the Ehrlich‐Schneider claims for the initial ten‐year period. Extending the timeline and accounting for the measurement limitations or dubious relevance of many of their indicators, however, shifts the balance of the evidence towards Simon's perspective.ConclusionAlthough the outcomes favour the Ehrlich‐Schneider claims for the initial ten‐year period, Ehrlich and Schneider.s indicators yielded mixed results in the long run. Simon's preferred indicators of direct human welfare would yield largely favourable outcomes if the bet were extended into the present. Based on this, we claim that Simon's optimistic perspective was once again largely validated.
Does Income (Re)distribution Matter for Subjective Well‐being? Evidence from Cross‐country Panel Data
Authors: Kang Haejo , Rhee Dong‐Eun 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis study empirically investigates the effects of income inequality and income redistribution policy on country‐level subjective well‐being.MethodsThe paper uses panel data of 134 countries from 2005 to 2017. The fixed effect model with time and country dummies is employed.ResultsWe find that a higher inequality level significantly deteriorates happiness in a country with high income inequality, while it does not affect happiness in a country with a low level of inequality. In addition, stronger redistributive policies improve subjective well‐being of countries that have high income inequality, while the policies do not have significant effect on subjective well‐being in countries with relatively low‐income inequality. Furthermore, this paper finds that people are affected by relative levels of income inequality as income grows: people in developed countries may have higher standard for income equality compared with those in developing countries.ConclusionsThe policy implication of this paper is that an active income redistribution policy can improve the country level subjective well‐being if a country's income inequality level is higher than its peer group, regardless of whether it is a developed or developing country.
Seismotectonic implications of the South Chile ridge subduction beneath the Patagonian Andes
Authors: Suárez Rodrigo , Sue Christian , Ghiglione Matías , Guillaume Benjamin , Ramos Miguel , Martinod Joseph , Barberón Vanesa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe South Chile ridge (SCR) intersects the Patagonian trench around 46°09′S, forming the triple junction among the Antarctic, Nazca, and South America plates. Subduction of the SCR since ~18 Ma produced the opening of a slab window beneath Patagonia and a noticeable magmatic gap in the cordillera, profuse volcanism and topographic uplift in the retroarc. To study seismicity distribution and present‐day stress resulting from this particular framework, we analyse databases of seismic events and earthquake focal mechanisms. Our study finds that clusters of intraplate crustal seismic events are disrupted by a ~450–470 km seismicity gap above the slab window. Calculated stress tensors depict a strike‐slip tectonic regime north of the triple junction, and ~W‐E compression to the south of the seismic gap. We propose that the seismotectonic behaviour of the upper plate is disturbed at the first order by the trench‐ridge intersection, leading to a heterogeneous stress field.
Cryptococcal peritonitis in patients on the liver transplant waitlist: Reporting two cases with opposite outcomes
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Ana Caroline , Cunha‐Silva Marlone , Ferraz Mazo Daniel , Mana Mauy Frujuello , Vicente de Paula Rosival , de Ataíde Elaine Cristina , Boin Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira , Stucchi Raquel Silveira Bello , Sevá‐Pereira Tiago 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is rarely associated with peritonitis in cirrhotic patients; nevertheless, it has a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment may be the determining prognostic factors. This is a report of two patients awaiting a liver transplant who had opposite outcomes after the diagnosis of spontaneous cryptococcal peritonitis. In Patient 1, the fungal culture was positive in the blood and ascites. She had a poor evolution and died, which was likely caused by the delayed diagnosis and concomitant bacterial infections. In Patient 2, the fungus was found in the ascites, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Antifungal treatment was effective. He underwent a liver transplant on the 83rd day of antifungal therapy and is still alive 1 year later. It is important to suspect fungal etiology when there is a lack of response to antibiotics in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and spontaneous peritonitis, and physicians must be aware of leukocyte count in the ascitic fluid, which is not so high in these cases. This report also emphasizes the need for the routine use of blood culture bottles for microbiological analysis of the ascitic fluid, as it was helpful to diagnose fungal peritonitis in both cases.
Spikes in demand for hospital transfusion services
Authors: Dzik ‘Sunny’ Walter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSpikes in the demand for blood components represent a substantial challenge to transfusion services. Simple metrics for characterizing volatility in blood components within the hospital transfusion service have not been established.MethodsWe measured the volatility of demand for blood services at a large academic urban general hospital over a 6‐month period from July 2019 to December 2019 prior to the SARS‐CoV2 pandemic.ResultsAmong 4416 consecutive hours assessed, there were 693 h (16%) with spikes in demand for blood components with a mean (sd) of 3.8 (2.7) spikes/day. Spikes in demand were frequently clustered. The median number of hours between spikes differed by shift (6 h for days; 3 h for evenings; 3 h for nights). The percentage of shift hours with demand spikes also differed (9% day; 19% evening; 18% night). During the study, 32,447 components were distributed to 19,431 patients. Of these, 11,819 components (36%) were distributed during hours of peak demand. Hours with a simultaneous spike in both component demand and patient demand occurred in 5% of hours or approximately once each day.ConclusionDemand for transfusion services was highly volatile in an unpredictable fashion. We provide an approach that could be used to benchmark spikes in demand for blood services at hospitals. Consideration of the frequency, unpredictability, and magnitude of spikes in demand may be relevant for hemovigilance programs and for strategies to determine the laboratory staffing needed for good patient care.
Feasibility of laparoscopic liver lobectomy in dogs
Authors: Michael Aleisha E. , Case J. Brad , Massari Federico , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Carvajal Jose L. , Regier Penny J. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Singh Ameet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of laparoscopic liver lobectomy (LLL) in dogs by using canine cadavers and to describe the clinical application in dogs with liver disease.Study designEx vivo experiment and descriptive case series.Sample populationTwelve canine cadavers and six client‐owned dogs.MethodsCadavers underwent LLL with an endoscopic stapler. The percentage of liver lobe resected was determined by volume. The distance from the staple line to hilus was measured. Medical records of dogs undergoing LLL were reviewed.ResultsIn cadavers ≤15 kg, left lateral lobectomy completeness was 87.3% (84.6%–96.6%), and remaining median (interquartile range) hilar length was 1 cm (0.25‐1.75). Left medial lobectomy completeness was 72.5% (66.7%–80%), and remaining hilar length was 1.6 cm (0.47‐1.75). Central division resection completeness was 68.3% (60%–92.9%), and remaining hilar length was 2.7 cm (0.8‐5). Laparoscopic liver lobectomy was not feasible for right division lobes and in cadavers >15 kg. Five dogs with peripheral quadrate or left lateral lobe masses underwent stapled, partial laparoscopic lobectomy (30%–90%). One dog underwent stapled, left lateral lobectomy (90%) after open procedure conversion. Histopathological diagnoses included hepatocellular carcinoma (3), nodular hyperplasia (1), biliary cyst adenoma (1), and fibrosis (1).ConclusionLaparoscopic liver lobectomy of the left and central divisions is feasible in cadavers ≤15 kg with an endoscopic stapler. Partial LLL of the left and central divisions is feasible in select dogs with liver disease.Clinical significanceLaparoscopic liver lobectomy may be a viable alternative to laparotomy in small‐to‐medium size dogs with peripheral liver masses of the left and central divisions.
Influence of instructor‐to‐student ratio for teaching suturing skills with models
Authors: Hunt Julie A. , Anderson Stacy L. , Spangler Dawn , Gilley Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of instructor to student ratio on the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching suturing skills to veterinary students.Study designProspective randomized study.Sample populationSecond‐year veterinary students (N = 121).MethodsStudents were randomly divided into three groups to participate in four 2‐hour skills laboratory sessions in which suturing of the subcutaneous tissue was taught by using a simple continuous pattern, suturing of the skin was taught by using continuous patterns, suturing of the skin was taught by using interrupted patterns, and suturing of hollow organs was taught by using inverting patterns. For each laboratory, the groups were taught by using instructor‐to‐student ratios of 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10 on a rotating basis. Students were surveyed at the end of each laboratory, and underwent individual performance assessments at the end of each laboratory session and again at the end of the semester in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).ResultsFor each of the four in‐laboratory assessments and the OSCE, no difference in performance was detected between groups. When they were surveyed, students in all groups reported that there was an adequate number of instructors in the laboratory and that they received help in a timely fashion when help was requested (median for all groups = agree).ConclusionFor students with prior surgical skills education and with the use of prelaboratory instructional videos, teaching at the 1:10 instructor‐to‐student ratio was efficient and effective.Clinical significanceGood educational outcomes may be reached with a 1:10 instructor‐to‐student ratio or, potentially, fewer instructors, depending on the educational aids present in the laboratory and students' prior level of experience.
The Corpus of Singapore English Messages (CoSEM)
Authors: Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel Wong , Hiramoto Mie , R. E. Leimgruber Jakob , Lim Jun Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article introduces the first version of the Corpus of Singapore English Messages (CoSEM), a 3.6‐million‐word monitor corpus of online text messages collected between 2016 and 2019, compiled and managed by a group of scholars who share an interest in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE) research. The paper explains the motivations behind developing a new corpus for the investigation of CSE. It also documents the process of compiling and organizing CoSEM and describes the corpus's initial structure and composition. We further discuss the social variables used in tagging the data, as well as ethical challenges, advantages, and disadvantages unique to online message datasets. In addition, we present preliminary analyses of two selected CSE features: (1) the Hokkien‐derived expression (bo)jio and (2) sentence‐final adverbs (already, also, only). As CoSEM is an ongoing project, we conclude the article with notes on future directions.
SCIENCE AND RELIGION: AN ORIGINS STORY
Authors: Loncar Samuel J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent scholarship, the science and religion debate has been historicized, revealing the novelty of the concepts of science and religion and their complex connections to secularization and the birth of modernity. This article situates this historicist turn in the history of philosophy and its connections to theology and Scripture, showing that the science and religion concept derives from philosophy's earlier tension with theology as it became an academic discipline centered in the medieval, then research university, with the centrality of Scripture changing under the influence of historical criticism. Looking at Thomas Aquinas and Friedrich Schleiermacher on theology and Scripture's connection to science, it offers a new framework for theorizing science and religion as part of the history of philosophy.
Y-PATHS: A Conceptual Framework for Classifying the Timing, How, and Setting of Youth Physical Activity
Authors: Szeszulski Jacob , Lanza Kevin , Dooley Erin E. , Johnson Ashleigh M. , Knell Gregory , Walker Timothy J. , Craig Derek W. , Robertson Michael C. , Salvo Deborah , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Multiple models and frameworks exist for the measurement and classification of physical activity in adults that are applied broadly across populations but have limitations when applied to youth. The authors propose a conceptual framework specifically designed for classifying youth physical activity. Methods: The Youth Physical Activity Timing, How, and Setting (Y-PATHS) framework is a conceptualization of the when (timing), how, and where (setting) of children’s and adolescents’ physical activity patterns. The authors developed Y-PATHS using the design thinking process, which includes 3 stages: inspiration, ideation, and implementation. Results: The Y-PATHS includes 3 major components (timing, how, and setting) and 13 subcomponents. Timing subcomponents include (1) school days: in-school, (2) school days: out-of-school, and (3) nonschool days. How subcomponents include: (1) functional, (2) transportation, (3) organized, and (4) free play. Setting subcomponents include: (1) natural areas, (2) schools, (3) home, (4) recreational facilities, (5) shops and services, and (6) travel infrastructure. Conclusions: The Y-PATHS is a comprehensive classification framework that can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to better understand youth physical activity. Specifically, Y-PATHS can help to identify the domains of youth physical activity for surveillance and research and to inform the planning/evaluation of more comprehensive physical activity programming.