bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Afghan women in Iran; Findings from community-based survey
Authors: Dadras Omid , Nakayama Takeo , Kihara Masahiro , Ono-Kihara Masako , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Dadras Fateme 
Published: January 2021

Backgrounds
An estimated 2.5 million Afghans are living in the Iran and almost half of them are young women at the childbearing ages. Although the evidence indicates lower rates of antenatal care and higher incidence of pregnancy complications in Afghan compared to Iranian women, the underlying reasons are not well defined. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and examine the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health, and housing issues on pregnancy outcome in Afghan women living in Iran.

Methods
In July 2019, we enrolled 424 Afghan women aged 18–44 years old using the time-location sampling at three community health centers in the south region of Tehran province. The data was collected through face to face interviews using the researcher-developed questionnaire. Using bivariate and multivariate analysis, the impact of poor antenatal care, intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and poor mental health was assessed on the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Results
More than half (56.6%) of Afghan women reported at least one pregnancy complication in their recent pregnancy. The results showed that undocumented, illiterate, and unemployed Afghan women with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we observed lower prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among documented immigrants with health insurance compared to those with no health insurance. It is also been found that the food insecurity [Adjusted OR = 3.35, 95% CI (1.34–8.36)], poor antenatal care [Adjusted OR = 10.50, 95% CI (5.40–20.39)], intimate partner violence [Adjusted OR = 2.72, 95% CI (1.10–6.77)], and poor mental health [Adjusted OR = 4.77, 95% CI (2.54–8.94)] could adversely impact the pregnancy outcome and we observed higher incidence of adverse outcomes among those suffering from these situations.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study that explored the prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health on pregnancy outcome among Afghan women in Iran. Enhancing the psychosocial support and empowering Afghan women through expanding the social network and safety net should be a priority for the central government and international parties. Psychological counseling should be incorporated into routine maternity care for Afghan refugees. Access to free antenatal care is a right for all Afghan women and it should be facilitated by universal health insurance for all Afghans regardless of their legal status.
Evaluation of a generalized knowledge-based planning performance for VMAT irradiation of breast and locoregional lymph nodes—Internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions
Authors: Rago Maria , Placidi Lorenzo , Polsoni Mattia , Rambaldi Giulia , Cusumano Davide , Greco Francesca , Indovina Luca , Menna Sebastiano , Placidi Elisa , Stimato Gerardina , Teodoli Stefania , Mattiucci Gian Carlo , Chiesa Silvia , Marazzi Fabio , Masiello Valeria , Valentini Vincenzo , De Spirito Marco , Azario Luigi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the performance of eleven Knowledge-Based (KB) models for planning optimization (RapidPlantm (RP), Varian) of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) applied to whole breast comprehensive of nodal stations, internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions.

Methods and materials
Six RP models have been generated and trained based on 120 VMAT plans data set with different criteria. Two extra-structures were delineated: a PTV for the optimization and a ring structure. Five more models, twins of the previous models, have been created without the need of these structures.

Results
All models were successfully validated on an independent cohort of 40 patients, 30 from the same institute that provided the training patients and 10 from an additional institute, with the resulting plans being of equal or better quality compared with the clinical plans. The internal validation shows that the models reduce the heart maximum dose of about 2 Gy, the mean dose of about 1 Gy and the V20Gy of 1.5 Gy on average. Model R and L together with model B without optimization structures ensured the best outcomes in the 20% of the values compared to other models. The external validation observed an average improvement of at least 16% for the V5Gy of lungs in RP plans. The mean heart dose and for the V20Gy for lung IPSI were almost halved. The models reduce the maximum dose for the spinal canal of more than 2 Gy on average

Conclusions
All KB models allow a homogeneous plan quality and some dosimetric gains, as we saw in both internal and external validation. Sub-KB models, developed by splitting right and left breast cases or including only whole breast with locoregional lymph nodes, have shown good performances, comparable but slightly worse than the general model. Finally, models generated without the optimization structures, performed better than the original ones.
Association of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance index and the geriatric nutritional risk index with cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Yajima Kumiko , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveHyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) may be associated with protein-energy wasting. We investigated the relationship of the ESA resistance index (ERI) and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsA total of 180 maintenance HD patients were enrolled. The patients were stratified by the GNRI of 91.2, a previously reported cut-off value, and the ERI of 13.7 (IU/week/kg/g/dL), a cut-off value for predicting cardiovascular-specific mortality, and they were classified into four groups (group 1[G1]: higher GNRI and lower ERI, G2: higher GNRI and higher ERI, G3: lower GNRI and lower ERI, G4: lower GNRI and higher ERI).ResultsThe ERI was independently associated with the GNRI (β = −0.271, p = 0.0005). During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, higher ERI and lower GNRI were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–7.34, and aHR, 6.64; 95%CI, 2.60–16.93, respectively). The 7-year survival rates were 96.1%, 70.3%, 77.3%, and 50.1% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR values for G4 versus G1 were 12.63 (95%CI, 3.58–44.59). With regards to model discrimination, adding the GNRI alone, the ERI alone, and both to the traditional risk model significantly improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.421, 0.662, and 0.671, respectively. Similar results were obtained for all-cause mortality.ConclusionThe ERI was independently associated with the GNRI, and could predict cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. Moreover, the combination of GNRI and ERI could improve the predictability for cardiovascular mortality.
ORGANIZATION OF COMPLEX MANAGEMENT MODEL-BASED PRODUCTION OPERATIONAL-CALENDAR AND NETWORK PLANNING
Authors: Titov V. V. , Bezmelnitsyn D. A. 
Published: January 2021

The paper considers a methodological approach to the system coordination of operational-calendar, network and tactical planning in the conditions of individual and serial production of complex high-tech products. It is proposed to organize an operational management system with this type of production based on the use of optimization tasks for volume-calendar, operational-calendar and network planning.
Planning in such productions is usually organized on the basis of network planning, determining the critical path. However, this does not solve the main problem — resource usage restrictions are not taken into account, and an effective algorithm for solving it is not developed. Here you can create a set of options for leading operations to perform them over time, which allows you to shift work schedules in one direction or another, and take into account the use of resources over time. It is also important that the problem of setting the duration of work (operations) is not approximately solved in integers.
The optimization criterion is a minimum of work completion time and a minimum of work in progress. In General, the problem of network production planning, taking into account resource constraints, is reduced to the problem of linear integer programming.
Operational production management is organized as an iterative, rolling process (reducing production risks), implemented by a single task with tactical management. In General, the developed system of models is undoubtedly of interest for the theory and practice of industrial enterprise management.
Meta-Analysis Reveals the Prognostic Relevance of Nuclear and Membrane-Associated Bile Acid Receptors in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Rohr Michael , Aljabban Jihad , Rudeski-Rohr Trina , Lessans Spencer , Nakkina Sai Preethi , Hadley Dexter , Zhu Xiang , Altomare Deborah A. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Bile acids (BAs) arising from duodenogastric reflux are known to facilitate gastric cancer (GC) development. Although BAs traditionally contribute to carcinogenesis through direct cellular cytotoxicity, increasing evidence implicates nuclear and membrane BA receptors (BARs) as additional factors influencing cancer risk. Indeed, some BARs are already linked with GC, but conflicting evidence and lack of information regarding other endogenous BARs warrant further investigation. In this study, we meta-analyzed multiple data sets to identify clinically relevant relationships between BAR expression and prognosis, clinicopathology, and activity in GC.

METHODS:
We collected transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze associations between BAR expression and GC prognosis, subtype, and clinicopathology. We also used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to assess and predict functions, upstream regulators, and downstream mediators of membrane and nuclear BARs in GC.

RESULTS:
BARs showed differential distribution in GC; membrane BARs (G protein-coupled BAR 1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2) were enriched in diffuse-, genome-stable, and mesenchymal-type tumors, whereas nuclear BARs (pregnane-X-receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and farnesoid-X-receptor) were enriched in chromosome instability and metabolic subtypes. High expression of all membrane but not nuclear BARs was associated with poor prognosis and unfavorable GC clinicopathologic features. Similarly, expression patterns of membrane but not nuclear BARs varied geographically, aligning with Helicobacter pylori infection and GC mortality rates. Finally, GC-related oncogenes, namely transforming growth factor β1, were associated with membrane BARs, whereas many metabolic-associated genes were associated with nuclear BARs.

DISCUSSION:
Through transcriptomic meta-analysis, we identified distinct expression profiles between nuclear and membrane BARs that demonstrate prognostic relevance and warrant further investigation.
Contribution of English aural vocabulary size levels to L2 listening comprehension
Authors: Du Guohui , Hasim Zuwati , Chew Fong Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between English aural vocabulary size and L2 listening comprehension among 288 Chinese tertiary EFL learners who had mastered the first 1,000-word frequency level and were at the intermediate level of language proficiency. The Listening Vocabulary Levels Test and College English Test Band 4 were employed to measure participants’ aural vocabulary size and L2 listening comprehension proficiency, respectively. Aural vocabulary size was found to be moderately correlated with L2 listening comprehension proficiency (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). A step-wise regression analysis showed that the second 1,000-word frequency level could explain 12% of the variance in L2 listening comprehension proficiency, and academic words could add an additional 4% predictive capacity to the regression model. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the most frequent 2,000-word families and academic words could predict 14.5% of the change in L2 listening comprehension proficiency for the relatively low L2 proficiency group. However, aural vocabulary size had little impact on L2 listening comprehension proficiency for the relatively high L2 proficiency group. Findings suggest that high-frequency and academic words significantly contribute to the prediction of L2 listening comprehension proficiency, but the predictive power of aural vocabulary size decreases with increased language proficiency.
How to extend Elo: a Bayesian perspective
Authors: Ingram Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Elo rating system, originally designed for rating chess players, has since become a popular way to estimate competitors’ time-varying skills in many sports. Though the self-correcting Elo algorithm is simple and intuitive, it lacks a probabilistic justification which can make it hard to extend. In this paper, we present a simple connection between approximate Bayesian posterior mode estimation and Elo. We provide a novel justification of the approximations made by linking Elo to steady-state Kalman filtering. Our second key contribution is to observe that the derivation suggests a straightforward procedure for extending Elo. We use the procedure to derive versions of Elo incorporating margins of victory, correlated skills across different playing surfaces, and differing skills by tournament level in tennis. Combining all these extensions results in the most complete version of Elo presented for the sport yet. We evaluate the derived models on two seasons of men’s professional tennis matches (2018 and 2019). The best-performing model was able to predict matches with higher accuracy than both Elo and Glicko (65.8% compared to 63.7 and 63.5%, respectively) and a higher mean log-likelihood (−0.615 compared to −0.632 and −0.633, respectively), demonstrating the proposed model’s ability to improve predictions.
Correlations of serum beta 2-microglobulin level with disease activity and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Bingxin , Lu Feng , Lin Jing , Zou Hongmei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine correlations of serum beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG) level with disease activity and renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
Two hundred eligible SLE patients were assigned into remission and active stage groups according to SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores. They were also assigned into kidney damage and no kidney damage groups. Serum β2-MG, Scr, ALB, BUN, anti-dsDNA, complements C3, C4 and 24-h urinary total protein (UTP) were detected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Correlations of β2-MG level with SLEDAI score and eGFR were subjected to Spearman analysis. Affecting factors were explored by logistic multivariate regression analysis, and predictive values of β2-MG level for SLE, disease activity and renal damage were assessed by ROC curves.

Results
β2-MG, Scr, ALB, C3, C4, anti-dsDNA and UTP levels, eGFR and SLEDAI score were different between patients with different disease activities, and, except for eGFR, also between patients with different renal damage degrees (p<0.05). Serum β2-MG, Scr, ALB, C3, C4, anti-dsDNA, UTP, eGFR and SLEDAI score were independent factors for disease activity (p<0.05), and β2-MG, ALB, C3, UTP, eGFR and SLEDAI score were factors affecting renal damage (p<0.05). β2-MG level was correlated positively with SLEDAI score (r=0.877, p=0.000) and negatively with eGFR (r=−0.873, p=0.000). This level was highly valuable for predicting SLE, disease activity and renal damage.

Conclusions
Serum β2-MG levels in SLE patients are correlated positively with disease activity and negatively with renal involvement, being highly sensitive and specific for predicting SLE, disease activity and eGFR.
Approximate analytical fractional view of convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Khan Hassan , Mustafa Saima , Ali Izaz , Kumam Poom , Baleanu Dumitru , Arif Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, a modified variational iteration method along with Laplace transformation is used for obtaining the solution of fractional-order nonlinear convection–diffusion equations (CDEs). The proposed technique is applied for the first time to solve fractional-order nonlinear CDEs and attain a series-form solution with the quick rate of convergence. Tabular and graphical representations are presented to confirm the reliability of the suggested technique. The solutions are calculated for fractional as well as for integer orders of the problems. The solution graphs of the solutions at various fractional derivatives are plotted. The accuracy is measured in terms of absolute error. The higher degree of accuracy is observed from the table and figures. It is further investigated that fractional solutions have the convergence behavior toward the solution at integer order. The applicability of the present technique is verified by illustrative examples. The simple and effective procedure of the current technique supports its implementation to solve other nonlinear fractional problems in different areas of applied science.
Prediction of capillary suction in porous media based on micro-CT technology and B–C model
Authors: Li Min , Yu Hemiao , Du Hongpu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Moisture variation in porous media depends mainly on the pore characteristics. This article used the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) (a non-destructive imaging technique to generate a three-dimensional virtual model) and the Brooks–Corey model to deduce the moisture migration in sand. Relationship between capillary rise height and time (h–t) was achieved by numerical simulation in the capillary suction process, where the parameters fractal dimension, porosity, and air–water interfacial area were obtained by the micro-CT scanning. Meanwhile, experiments of capillary rise in sand column were performed using four different sizes washed sand, and the capillary heights at different times were recorded. Results show that the capillary suction is decided by the aperture size and phase morphology simultaneously, and particle size has obvious effect on capillarity, and the wetting front lowers with the increase in grain size and the decrease in rising rate. Parameters air entry pressure and pore-size distribution index obtained by micro-CT scanning technology and empirical formula are accurate. Method of combing micro-CT images and Brooks–Corey model can predict well the capillary suction of porous media. It is also proved that the capillary suction is decided by the aperture size and phase morphology simultaneously.
Study on the applications of two analytical methods for the construction of traveling wave solutions of the modified equal width equation
Authors: Yokuş Asıf , Durur Hülya , Nofal Taher A. , Abu-Zinadah Hanaa , Tuz Münevver , Ahmad Hijaz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, the Sinh–Gordon function method and sub-equation method are used to construct traveling wave solutions of modified equal width equation. Thanks to the proposed methods, trigonometric soliton, dark soliton, and complex hyperbolic solutions of the considered equation are obtained. Common aspects, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of both analytical methods are discussed. It has been shown that the traveling wave solutions produced by both analytical methods with different base equations have different properties. 2D, 3D, and contour graphics are offered for solutions obtained by choosing appropriate values of the parameters. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of these techniques, a nonlinear evolution equation was investigated, and with the help of symbolic calculation, these methods have been shown to be a powerful, reliable, and effective mathematical tool for the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations.
Biological nanoscale fluorescent probes: From structure and performance to bioimaging
Authors: Wan Jiafeng , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Kai , Su Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted lots of attention from researchers due to their unique properties. Nanometer fluorescent materials, such as organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), metal nano-clusters (MNCs), carbon dots (CDs), etc., are widely used in biological imaging due to their high sensitivity, short response time, and excellent accuracy. Nanometer fluorescent probes can not only perform in vitro imaging of organisms but also achieve in vivo imaging. This provides medical staff with great convenience in cancer treatment. Combined with contemporary medical methods, faster and more effective treatment of cancer is achievable. This article explains the response mechanism of three-nanometer fluorescent probes: the principle of induced electron transfer (PET), the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the principle of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), showing the semiconductor QDs, precious MNCs, and CDs. The excellent performance of the three kinds of nano fluorescent materials in biological imaging is highlighted, and the application of these three kinds of nano fluorescent probes in targeted biological imaging is also introduced. Nanometer fluorescent materials will show their significance in the field of biomedicine.
Evaluating the relative contribution of data sources in a Bayesian analysis with the application of estimating the size of hard to reach populations
Authors: Parsons Jacob , Niu Xiaoyue , Bao Le 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
When using multiple data sources in an analysis, it is important to understand the influence of each data source on the analysis and the consistency of the data sources with each other and the model. We suggest the use of a retrospective value of information framework in order to address such concerns.

Methods
Value of information methods can be computationally difficult. We illustrate the use of computational methods that allow these methods to be applied even in relatively complicated settings. In illustrating the proposed methods, we focus on an application in estimating the size of hard to reach populations. Specifically, we consider estimating the number of injection drug users in Ukraine by combining all available data sources spanning over half a decade and numerous sub-national areas in the Ukraine. This application is of interest to public health researchers as this hard to reach population that plays a large role in the spread of HIV.

Results and conclusions
We apply a Bayesian hierarchical model and evaluate the contribution of each data source in terms of absolute influence, expected influence, and level of surprise. Finally we apply value of information methods to inform suggestions on future data collection.