bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From childhood victimization to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems through self‐esteem in adolescence
Authors: Lee Chia‐Kuei , Feng Jui‐Ying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to determine whether forms of victimization influence internalizing and externalizing behavior problems differently and whether these relationships are mediated by self‐esteem. This study included 2321 Taiwanese adolescents aged 11−21 from a previous case‐control study. Six forms of victimization, self‐esteem, and seven behaviors were measured. Gender, age, group (justice‐involved vs. high‐school adolescents), and family dysfunction were covariates in generalized linear models and path analysis. Different forms of childhood victimization were associated with different internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Additionally, psychological abuse and psychological neglect were negatively associated with self‐esteem, which itself was associated with all internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Significant indirect effects of psychological abuse and psychological neglect on all internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (mediated by self‐esteem) were also identified. Due to the limitation of measurement, the interpretation about the influence of victimization patterns could not be made. Findings suggest that different forms of childhood victimization may lead to different mechanisms for internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying different forms of childhood victimization and to clarify the effects of victimization patterns to develop effective interventions.
The social construction of HIV: A narrative study of Israeli Arab People
Authors: Soffer Michal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract“Social determinants of health”—that is, nonmedical care‐related factors, forces, and structures that have a strong influence on health—play a vital role in HIV prevention and treatment. In this study, we focused on one such key factor: culture. Israeli Arab people, the largest minority group in Israel, share a unique culture. Although the incidence of HIV/AIDS is lower among Israeli Arab people than among Jewish people, Arab people account for only 1% of HIV tests in Israel and report poorer HIV‐related knowledge, whereas the majority of newly diagnosed Arab people are usually diagnosed with AIDS. This study explored how HIV/AIDS is socially constructed in Israeli Arab society. A sample of 31 HIV‐negative Israeli Arab participants wrote stories about a man living with HIV. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The analysis identified two themes. The first, “HIV and ‘forbidden' sexual practices,” constructed HIV/AIDS as a sexually transmitted disease associated primarily with premarital sex (a norm transgression in Arab culture). The second theme, “living with HIV,” involved two opposing subthemes: “life goes on” and “a ruined life.” The former portrayed the life of men with HIV as moving on, at times into a successful future. The latter depicted the point of diagnosis as signifying a turn for the worst—a bleak and hopeless future. The findings suggest that HIV/AIDS is stigmatized among Israeli Arab people and the nature and extent of the stigma corresponds with cultural norms, stressing the importance of designing culturally informed interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.
The osteology and provenance of a portion of the Parkinson collection, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, c. 1897
Authors: Huffer Damien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article presents the results of combined osteological and archival research into the demographics, preservation condition, taphonomy, pathology, cultural modification, and collecting history of that specific portion of the Parkinson collection of human crania from New Britain, collected c. 1897, currently housed in the Etnografiska Museet (Ethnography Museum), Stockholm, Sweden. This assemblage of crania (n = 45) was acquired by Richard Heinrich Robert Parkinson (1844–1909), a Danish explorer and anthropologist initially in the employ of the Hamburg based J. C Goddefroy & Sohn in Samoa trading firm. In 1897, after independently settling on the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain with his family and beginning to make collecting trips to local communities and those on neighboring islands, this collection of crania eventually came to reside at its present location. This article provides the first in‐depth analysis of the osteology of this collection contextualized within what is known and knowable about its ownership history and movement between collection and arrival in Stockholm. This includes translation of previously untranslateded correspondence from the original German that provide heretofore undisclosed information about Parkinson's collecting activities. Osteological analysis includes age and sex estimation, taphonomic modification as an indicator of initial depositional environment, discussion of select examples of pathology and trauma, and the comparative analysis of decorative motifs (where present). Results indicate a primarily young adult male assemblage, but with all major age classes and both sexes present. Incidents of trauma and pathology are low, but some unique examples are highlighted. The results of the taphonomic analysis reveal new insights into most probable means of primary and secondary deposition before collection and export to Europe. Overall, the work presented here furthers the argument that research into colonial‐era collecting and trading of human remains is most effective when osteological and archival research is conducted together whenever possible.
Thermally Induced Synthesis of Anthracene‐, Pyrene‐ and Naphthalene‐Fused Porphyrins
Authors: Pijeat Joffrey , Chaussy Léo , Simoës Roxanne , Isopi Jacopo , Lauret Jean‐Sébastien , Paolucci Francesco , Marcaccio Massimo , Campidelli Stéphane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of π‐extended porphyrins containing anthracenyl moieties still represents an important challenge. Here, we report on the synthesis of a series of unsubstituted naphthyl‐, pyrenyl‐ and anthracenyl‐fused zinc porphyrin derivatives. To this aim, meso‐substitued porphyrins are synthesized and the fusion of the PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) on the β‐positions are performed through thermally induced dehydro‐aromatization. The fused zinc‐porphyrin derivatives are fully characterized and their optical absorption and photoluminescence properties are reported. We also demonstrate that zinc can be removed from the porphyrin core, giving rise to pure C, H, N materials. This work constitutes the first step towards the synthesis of the fully‐fused tetra‐anthracenylporphyrin.
Preparation of polyphenylsulfone/graphene nanocomposite membrane for the pervaporation separation of cumene from water
Authors: Bakhshandeh Rostami Sekineh , Saljoughi Ehsan , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud , Kiani Shirin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyphenylsulfone (PPSU) was applied for the first time in the hydrophobic PV process. Nanocomposite membranes of PPSU/graphene (Gr) nanosheets were prepared and used to separate isopropyl benzene (cumene) from water via pervaporation (PV). Analysis of the mechanical properties of the membranes showed that the tensile strength and Young's modulus had an increasing trend with the incorporation of Gr into PPSU. The water contact angle of the membranes had a rising trend with the addition of Gr, confirming the improved hydrophobicity of membranes. In the PV experiments, the membrane containing 3.5 wt% Gr provided the highest separation factor, which was 4.5‐fold as much as that of the neat PPSU membrane. Cumene separation from water by the PPSU/3.5 wt% Gr membrane was associated with the total flux of 132.73 gMH, the separation factor of 1566.36, and the PSI of 208,124.8 gMH.
RAF1–MEK/ERK pathway‐dependent ARL4C expression promotes ameloblastoma cell proliferation and osteoclast formation
Authors: Fujii Shinsuke , Ishibashi Takuma , Kokura Megumi , Fujimoto Tatsufumi , Matsumoto Shinji , Shidara Satsuki , Kurppa Kari J , Pape Judith , Caton Javier , Morgan Peter R , Heikinheimo Kristiina , Kikuchi Akira , Jimi Eijiro , Kiyoshima Tamotsu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmeloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm characterized by slow intraosseous growth with progressive jaw resorption. Recent reports have revealed that ameloblastoma harbours an oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation with mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and described cases of ameloblastoma harbouring a BRAFV600E mutation in which patients were successfully treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Therefore, the MAPK pathway may be involved in the development of ameloblastoma; however, the precise mechanism by which it induces ameloblastoma is unclear. The expression of ADP‐ribosylation factor (ARF)‐like 4c (ARL4C), induced by a combination of the EGF–MAPK pathway and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, has been shown to induce epithelial morphogenesis. It was also reported that the overexpression of ARL4C, due to alterations in the EGF/RAS–MAPK pathway and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, promotes tumourigenesis. However, the roles of ARL4C in ameloblastoma are unknown. We investigated the involvement of ARL4C in the development of ameloblastoma. In immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 38 ameloblastoma patients, ARL4C was hardly detected in non‐tumour regions but tumours frequently showed strong expression of ARL4C, along with the expression of both BRAFV600E and RAF1 (also known as C‐RAF). Loss‐of‐function experiments using inhibitors or siRNAs revealed that ARL4C elevation depended on the RAF1–MEK/ERK pathway in ameloblastoma cells. It was also shown that the RAF1–ARL4C and BRAFV600E–MEK/ERK pathways promoted cell proliferation independently. ARL4C‐depleted tumour cells (generated by knockdown or knockout) exhibited decreased proliferation and migration capabilities. Finally, when ameloblastoma cells were co‐cultured with mouse bone marrow cells and primary osteoblasts, ameloblastoma cells induced osteoclast formation. ARL4C elevation in ameloblastoma further promoted its formation capabilities through the increased RANKL expression of mouse bone marrow cells and/or primary osteoblasts. These results suggest that the RAF1–MEK/ERK–ARL4C axis, which may function in cooperation with the BRAFV600E–MEK/ERK pathway, promotes ameloblastoma development. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parent perceptions of pediatric oncology care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An Australian study
Authors: McCarthy Maria C. , Beamish Jessica , Bauld Catherine M. , Marks India R. , Williams Tria , Olsson Craig A. , De Luca Cinzia R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe examined parents’ perceptions of their child's oncology care during a period of significant COVID‐19 restrictions in Australia.MethodsParents of children, 0–18 years, receiving hospital‐based cancer treatment, completed a survey examining their COVID‐19 exposure and impact, information and knowledge, and perception of their child's medical care. Recruitment occurred between October and November 2020.ResultsEighty‐four parents (95% mothers) completed the survey. Sixty‐seven percent of patients were diagnosed pre‐COVID‐19. The majority of parents (76%) reported negative impacts of COVID‐19 on family life, including parenting and emotional well‐being despite exposure to COVID‐19 cases being very low (4%). Family functioning and parent birthplace were associated with COVID‐19 impact and distress. Parents perceived the hospital as a safe place during the pandemic. Very few parents reported delaying presentation to the emergency department (12%). The majority identified no change (69%) or delay (71%) in their child's treatment delivery. Over 90% of parents were confident that COVID‐19 did not impact medical decision‐making. They felt confident in their COVID‐19 knowledge and sought information from trusted sources. Parents reported a positive relationship with their child's care team (93%); however, access to some support services was reduced.ConclusionUnderstanding patient and family experiences of pediatric oncology care across international contexts during the pandemic is important to inform present and future health care responses. In the Australian context of low infection rates and strict community restrictions, parents perceived their child's oncology care to be relatively unaffected. However, findings indicate that family well‐being was impacted, which warrants further investigation.
Multimorbidity measures from health administrative data using ICD system codes: A systematic review
Authors: Simard Marc , Rahme Elham , Calfat Alexandre Campeau , Sirois Caroline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify and characterize adult population‐based multimorbidity measures using health administrative data and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for disease identification.MethodsWe performed a narrative systematic review of studies using or describing development or validation of multimorbidity measures. We compared the number of diseases included in the measures, the process of data extraction (case definition) and the validation process. We assessed the methodological robustness using eight criteria, five based on general criteria for indicators (AIRE instrument) and three multimorbidity‐specific criteria.ResultsTwenty‐two multimorbidity measures were identified. The number of diseases they included ranged from 5 to 84 (median = 20), with 19 measures including both physical and mental conditions. Diseases were identified using ICD codes extracted from inpatient and outpatient data (18/22) and sometimes including drug claims (10/22). The validation process relied mainly on the capacity of the measures to predict health outcome (5/22), or on the validation of each individual disease against a gold standard (8/22). Six multimorbidity measures met at least six of the eight robustness criteria assessed.ConclusionThere is significant heterogeneity among the measures used to assess multimorbidity in administrative databases, and about a third are of low to moderate quality. A more consensual approach to the number of diseases or groups of diseases included in multimorbidity measures may improve comparison between regions, and potentially provide better control for multimorbidity‐related confounding in studies.
Cross‐stress tolerance: Mild nitrogen (N) deficiency effects on drought stress response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Safavi‐Rizi Vajiheh , Uellendahl Kora , Öhrlein Britta , Safavi‐Rizi Hamid , Stöhr Christine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change will lead to more frequent and severe drought periods which massively reduce crop production worldwide. Besides drought, nitrogen (N)‐deficiency is another critical threat to crop yield production. Drought and N‐deficiency both decrease photosynthesis and induce similar adaptive strategies such as longer roots, reduction of biomass, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidative enzymes. Due to the overlapping response to N‐deficiency and drought, understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in cross‐stresses tolerance is crucial for breeding strategies and achieving multiple stress resistance and eventually more sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a mild N‐deficiency on drought stress tolerance of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Moneymaker). Various morphological and physiological parameters such as dry biomass, root length, water potential, SPAD values, stomatal conductance, and compatible solutes accumulation (proline and sugar) were analyzed. Moreover, the expression of ROS scavenging marker genes, cytosolic ASCORBATE PEROXIDASES (cAPX1, cAPX2, and cAPX3), were investigated. Our results showed that a former mild N‐deficiency (2 mM NO3−) enhances plant adaptive response to drought stress (4 days) when compared to the plants treated with adequate N (5 mM NO3−). The improved adaptive response was reflected in higher aboveground biomass, longer root, increased specific leaf weight, enhanced stomatal conductance (without reducing water content), and higher leaf sugar content. Moreover, the APX1 gene showed a higher expression level compared to control under N‐deficiency and in combination with drought in the leaf, after a one‐week recovery period. Our finding highlights a potentially positive link between a former mild N‐deficiency and subsequent drought stress response in tomato. Combining the morphological and physiological response with underlying gene regulatory networks under consecutive stress, provide a powerful tool for improving multiple stress resistance in tomato which can be further transferred to other economically important crops.
Conservation and coevolution determine evolvability of different classes of disordered residues in human intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Basu Sushmita , Bahadur Ranjit Prasad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStructure, function, and evolution are interdependent properties of proteins. Diversity of protein functions arising from structural variations is a potential driving force behind protein evolvability. Intrinsically disordered proteins or regions (IDPs or IDRs) lack well‐defined structure under normal physiological conditions, yet, they are highly functional. Increased occurrence of IDPs in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes indicates strong correlation of protein evolution and disorderedness. IDPs generally have higher evolution rate compared to globular proteins. Structural pliability allows IDPs to accommodate multiple mutations without affecting their functional potential. Nevertheless, how evolutionary signals vary between different classes of disordered residues (DRs) in IDPs is poorly understood. This study addresses variation of evolutionary behavior in terms of residue conservation and intra‐protein coevolution among structural and functional classes of DRs in IDPs. Analyses are performed on 579 human IDPs, which are classified based on length of IDRs, interacting partners and functional classes. We find short IDRs are less conserved than long IDRs or full IDPs. Functional classes which require flexibility and specificity to perform their activity comparatively evolve slower than others. Disorder promoting amino acids evolve faster than order promoting amino acids. Pro, Gly, Ile, and Phe have unique coevolving nature which further emphasizes on their roles in IDPs. This study sheds light on evolutionary footprints in different classes of DRs from human IDPs and enhances our understanding of the structural and functional potential of IDPs.
Benefits and adverse effects of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Charuel Elodie , Menini Thibault , Bedhomme Sabrina , Pereira Bruno , Piñol‐Domenech Nathalie , Bouchant Suzy , Boussageon Rémy , Bœuf‐Gibot Sylvaine , Vaillant‐Roussel Helene 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis review aims to assess the benefits and adverse effects of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure, with a focus on important patient outcomes. A systematic review was conducted of double‐blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sacubitril/valsartan versus a reference drug, in heart failure patients with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, published in French or English. Searches were undertaken of Medline, Cochrane Central, and Embase. The primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and adverse events. From 2 082 articles analyzed, 5 were included. For all‐cause mortality, the absolute numbers for HFrEF (2 RCTs, 4627 patients) were 16% on sacubitril/valsartan and 18% on enalapril, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.85 [CI = 0.78, 0.93], and 13% vs 14% in with HFpEF (2 RCTs, 5097 patients), with no statistical difference. Under the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the evidence for HFrEF patients was of moderate quality. For HFrEF patients, an increased risk of symptomatic hypotension and angioedema (low quality of evidence) was shown. There was no statistical difference for the risk of hyperkalemia or worsening renal function. There was a protective RR (0.50 [0.34, 0.75]) for worsening renal function for patients with HFpEF, with a high quality of evidence despite similar absolute numbers (1.4% vs. 2.8%). To keep in mind for shared decision‐making, sacubitril/valsartan reduces all‐cause mortality in HFrEF patients but for HFpEF further data are needed. Take into consideration the small number of studies to date to assess the risks.
Suppression of collagen IV alpha‐2 subunit by prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibition via hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sanaei‐Ardekani Mohammad , Kamal Shyreen , Handy Whitney , Alam Sidrah , Salaheldin Aya , Moore Anderson , Movafagh Shahrzad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElevation of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 protein has been shown to be protective in acute kidney injury and HIF1α enhancing drug therapies are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease. Despite its benefits, long‐term HIF1 elevation seems to be associated with additional effects in the kidneys such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To better understand the effects of prolonged HIF1 exposure, assessment of baseline and post‐therapy levels of HIF1α and other related biomarkers is essential. In this study, we assessed the effect of HIF1α enhancement using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHD‐I) DMOG, on a key profibrotic marker of kidney disease. In specific, we examined the change in expression of Collagen 4 subunit A2 in cultured urinary cells of CKD patients pre and post 24‐hour exposure to 1mM DMOG. Our results show that besides HIF1α enhancement, COL4A2 protein is suppressed in presence of DMOG. To determine if this effect is mediated by HIF1, we used HIF1α gene silencing in HEK293 cells and examined the effect of DMOG on protein and gene expression of COL4A2 post 24‐hour exposure. We showed that silencing HIF1α reverses and amplifies the expression of COL4A2 in HEK293 cells. Our data suggest that HIF1 directly regulates the expression of COL4A2 in kidney cells and that HIF1α enhancing therapy has suppressive effects on COL4A2 that may be clinically relevant and must be considered in determining the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of anemia.