bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer camp participants in rural Arkansas ő dietary and lifestyle findings (811.9)
Authors: Champagne Catherine , Shapiro Meredith , McCabe‐Sellers Beverly , Allen H. , Bogle Margaret , Johnson William 
Published: June 2021

The epidemic of obesity and health risks for children affect those in rural as well as urban areas. Nutrition education efforts in the rural Delta during 2007‐2010 involved a partnership between the Delta Obesity Research Prevention Unit (DOPRU) and Phillips County, Arkansas to bring a summer camp program to this impoverished area. Camp included access to food and focused on nutrition, physical activity, and social/behavioral sessions conducted by DOPRU trained student interns. Dietary intake and physical activity data were collected at beginning and end of camp. Over the course of the 4‐year period, 483 children participated (39% male) with a mean age of 9 (age range 5‐14 years). Approximately 37% were classified as either overweight or obese. While improvements in diet were seen during the camp as a result of exposure to fruits and vegetables and whole grains, 24‐hr recalls only showed a trend for increased vitamin C (49mg to 65mg) and decreased sodium (3236mg to 2723mg) from baseline to end of camp (p=.10 and p=.09, respectively). In 2009‐2010, magnesium intake increased from 136mg at baseline to 182mg by camp end (p=.01). There were few changes in physical activity, and notably more than 60% of children reported having a television set in their bedroom, a high percentage given that this is a high poverty area. Despite small changes with positive results, Delta children continue to have poor nutrient intakes and engage in fairly sedentary activities. Interventions to increase awareness of healthy diets which include family participation are desperately needed, along with efforts to increase physical activity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA/ARS 6251 5100 008 00D
Hypolipidemic potentials of mistletoe exudates in monosodium glutamate‐induced hyperlipidemia in rats (813.13)
Authors: Ogunlabi Olugbenga , Adegbesan Bukunola , Ajani Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake could induce an increase in energy intake which could lead to obesity or alter the levels of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in animals. It is an excitotoxin which may also damage the brain when taken orally without food. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of amino acid glutamate, is a known food additive, popularly used as “flavour enhancer” all over the world, it is abundant in yeast extracts and other food ingredients without otherwise appearing on the label. Thus, it could be abused inadvertently.Thirty‐five adult female albino wistar rats weighing between 200‐250g were obtained and acclimatization under standard laboratory conditions for two week after which they were randomly assigned into five study groups of seven animals each. The groups were maintained on standard rat chow and water ad libitum in addition to the following oral treatment. Group I ‐ animals received a daily placebo of distilled water. Group II ‐ Rats were treated with 200mg/kg b.w MSG daily for 28 days. Group III ‐ Rats were treated with 200mg/kg b.w MSG and 200mg/kg b.w mistletoe aqueous extract daily for 28 days. Group IV ‐ Rats received 200mg/kg b.w MSG daily for 28 days after which the group was treated as in group III for an additional 28 days. Group V ‐ Rats received 200mg/kg b.w MSG daily for 28 days after which the animals were treated as in group I for an additional 28. At the end of 28 days, animals in groups I, II and III were sacrificed while animals in groups IV and V were sacrificed after 56 days. Blood samples were collected and used for lipid profile analysis. Results revealed a significant increase (p>0.05) in serum total cholesterol, LDL and TG for group II when compared with groups I, III and IV, while there was a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in serum HDL for group II compared with other groups This result suggests that mistletoe extract supplementation may ameliorate MSG‐induced hyperlipidemia in rats.
Total dietary exposure of PCBs in Koreans and related socio‐demographic factors (813.9)
Authors: Lee Jee‐yeon , Lee Haengshin , Kim Dohee , Yon Miyong , Nam Jiwoon , Kwon Sung‐ok , Choi Ariari , Chang Yoon‐seok , Shin Eun‐su , Baek Ock‐jin , Suh Junghyuck , Park SunHee , Kim Cho‐il 
Published: June 2021

Due to environmental toxicity and classification as a persistent organic pollutant, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) production was banned by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. In line with risk management of PCBs, we estimated dietary exposure of PCBs in Koreans and looked into the possible associations between socio‐demographic factors and PCBs exposure. In a Total Diet Study (TDS), dietary intake data from 2008‐2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to select representative foods (RF) for PCBs analysis. With best‐fit mapping of other foods to RF, comprehensive PCBs exposure was estimated at individual & population level based on the PCBs content in RF. Mean PCBs exposure of the Korean population was estimated to be 6.04±0.04 ng/kg bw/day corresponding to 30.2 % of the reference (tolerable daily intake: TDI) by WHO. Exposure was significantly higher in males (6.69±0.06 vs. 5.38±0.04 ng/kg bw/day in females, p<0.0001), in higher income group (6.34±0.08 vs. 5.73±0.08 ng/kg bw/day, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, p<0.0001), and in population with higher fat intake (7.65±0.08 vs. 3.86±0.05 ng/kg bw/day, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, p<0.0001). Also, the exposure in children (10.25±0.13 ng/kg bw/day, 1‐11 yrs,) was double of that in adults (5.73±0.05 ng/kg bw/day, 19‐64 yrs.). Although the present dietary exposure of PCBs in Koreans is far below the reference value, these results suggest that the socio‐demographic factors and dietary pattern should be considered in risk management and risk communication for PCBs. Continuous monitoring of PCBs in foodstuffs and periodic TDS are warranted.Grant Funding Source: supported by a grant (13162KFDA026) from Korea Food and Drug Administration in 2013
A high fructose diet during pregnancy significantly affects markers of intestinal permeability in the offspring (816.2)
Authors: Astbury Stuart , Song Aleida , Nielsen Brent , Coursen Nicole , Hoedl Abha , Bell Rhonda 
Published: June 2021

Maternal diet in pregnancy has been shown to affect offspring development but few studies have examined changes in the gut. Gut barrier dysfunction may allow components of the microbiota to pass into the circulation, which has been linked to the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study examined the effect of a maternal diet that is high in fructose on gut permeability markers in pregnant offspring.Female Wistar rats were placed on 10% fructose (F1) or water (W1) at 8 weeks of age and were mated at 10 weeks; the intervention continued throughout pregnancy. Female offspring continued on the same diet as their dams (W2, n=10 and F2, n=10) from 4 weeks of age, were mated at 10 weeks, and tissue was collected at gestational day 20. Ileum and jejunum expression of occludin (OCLN), claudin 3 (CLDN3) and zonulin 1 (ZO1) were used as markers of intestinal permeability.F2 pups had a lower birth weight but similar weights at 13 weeks of age compared with W2. F2 also had a significantly higher % fat mass and reduced gut length vs W2. Expression of ZO1 (W2=1.64±0.28; F2=0.64±0.09), OCLN (W2=1.27±0.15; F2=0.51±0.09), but not CLDN3 (W2=1.09±0.19; F2=2.15±0.45) was reduced in the jejunum (p<0.05) but not different in the ileum.A high fructose diet during pregnancy increases intestinal permeability in pregnant offspring. Further studies will examine the effect of the fructose diet on the microbiome during pregnancy.
Formulation of the Total Western Diet 2, a whole food‐based rodent diet that emulates average American micro‐ and macronutrient intakes for colorectal cancer and gut microflora studies (816.6)
Authors: Kellen Sara , Lefevre Michael , Ward Robert , Benninghoff Abby , Hintze Korry 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we used NHANES data to formulate the TWD, a rodent diet that emulates average American intake levels for macro and micronutrients using nutrient density. We have demonstrated that the TWD increases basal CRC by ~2‐fold compared to the standard AIN93‐G diet in two different models. However, the TWD is comprised of purified ingredients and does not recapitulate the complex food matrix consumed by Americans. Using the latest version of the USDA Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database, we modified the TWD by using the most commonly consumed whole foods as ingredients. The TWD2 has the same micro and macronutrient content as the previous TWD but contains 25 ingredients including: sweeteners (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup), flours (wheat, potato, corn, rice and oat), meats (beef, poultry, pork, eggs and fish), dairy (lactose, whey and casein) and fruits/vegetables (oranges, apples, bananas, grapes, strawberries, soy, snap beans, peanuts and cashews). Whole foods were cooked (meats), freeze‐dried and homogenized. Only low fat foods were used and the dietary fat profile was adjusted to the American average by adding a diverse blend of oils. Ingredients were then blended, pelleted and baked to dryness. The TWD2 will narrow the gap between human nutrition and rodent models as the food matrix, secondary compounds and cooking byproducts have been shown to influence CRC and gut microflora.Grant Funding Source: Utah Agricultural Experiment Station
Serum folate and whole blood global DNA methylation response to chronic folic acid supplementation in normal weight and obese women of child‐bearing age (817.2)
Authors: Kauwell Gail , Caudill Marie , Hausman Dorothy , Park Hea Jin , Shade Deanna , Malysheva Olga , Bailey Lynn 
Published: June 2021

Folate is a water‐soluble vitamin important for normal fetal development. Maternal obesity is associated with increased risk for birth defects; however the relationship between obesity and folate metabolism is not well understood. Recently, our lab reported a lower short‐term pharmacokinetic response to an acute oral dose of folic acid in obese vs normal weight women of child‐bearing age. This study determined the serum folate (microbiological assay) and whole blood DNA methylation (LC/MS) response to 8 wks of supplementation with 800 µg/d folic acid (FA) in healthy normal weight (n=13, BMI=21.5±0.4) and obese (n=7, BMI=37.6±0.8) women of child‐bearing age. Samples were collected at baseline and after 4 and 8 wks of supplementation. At baseline, serum folate was lower in obese vs normal weight women, whereas global DNA methylation was similar in both groups. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated an effect of FA on increasing serum folate over time (p < 0.0001) for all subjects combined, and a time x group interaction for global methylation (p < 0.05) characterized by a reduction in methylation from baseline to 8 wks in normal weight but not obese women. These data provide additional evidence suggesting differences in metabolic response to folic acid as a function of BMI in women of child‐bearing age and provide support for consideration of a BMI‐adjusted folic acid intake recommendation.Grant Funding Source: Funded in part by HATCH #GEO00706, #GEO00707, #FLA‐FOS‐004797 and the Obesity Initiative at the Univ
Histone deacetylase 1 plays an important role in brown adipogenesis (817.4)
Authors: Li Fenfen , Shi Hang , Xue Bingzhong 
Published: June 2021

Induction of brown adipocytes in white fat plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Here, we have investigated the role of HDAC1 in brown adipogenesis. The RNA and protein levels of HDAC1 are lower in mice brown compared to white adipose tissue, in brown adipose tissue of mice exposed to cold compared to that of mice residing in room temperature, and reduced during brown adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of HDAC1 inhibits, whereas genetic deletion of HDAC1 results in further enhancement of isoproterenol‐stimulated expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other BAT‐specific genes, including peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), PGC1β, PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), type 2 deiodinase (DIO2), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and myelin protein zero‐like 2 (Eva1) in brown adipocyte cell lines BAT‐1 and HIB1B. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicates that histone H3 and H4 acetylation is significantly increased at the UCP1 promoter in β‐adrenergic stimulated brown adipocytes, which is also associated with increased active histone markers H3 lysine 4 tri‐methylation, and H3 lysine 27 acetylation. Thus, our data suggest that epigenetics plays an important role in brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis, and identify HDAC1 as an important regulator during this process.Grant Funding Source: NIHR01HL107500
Mapping metabolic traits in the diversity outbred mouse population (818.12)
Authors: Bennett Brian , Smallwood Tangi , Quizon Pamela , Pomp Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is a complex trait regulated by a variety of dietary and genetic risk factors. Inbred mice, which exhibit strain‐specific variation in circulating lipoprotein levels, have effectively been used to model the genetic complexity of hyperlipidemia. Traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies using inbred strains often identify large genomic regions, containing many genes, due to limited recombination. This hampers candidate gene identification and translation of results into possible therapeutic targets. An alternative approach is the use of outbred strains for genetic mapping, such as the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse panel recently developed by the Jackson Laboratory.Our current studies use the DO mice to map QTL for plasma lipid levels. DO mice were genotyped for 77,800 SNPs using the MegaMUGA array and founder haplotype states were predicted using a hidden Markov model. QTL mapping was carried out in R using a genetic model that incorporates reconstructed haplotypes and accounts for population structure. Our initial studies used 316 male and female DO mice fed a synthetic diet to map total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels and identified a significant peak on Chromosome 1 (max LOD 8.02) and a suggestive peak on Chromosome 6 (max LOD 6.43) associated with TC. The Chromosome 1 QTL maps 1 Mb away from a well characterized gene regulating cholesterol (ApoA2). We identified two suggestive peaks on Chromosome 17 associated with TG. We have also measured plasma lipid levels and traits modeling atherosclerosis in an additional cohort of 300 female DO mice fed either a hyperlipidemia‐inducing diet or a control diet; mapping results are pending. Our studies are intended to demonstrate the value of the DO population to improve mapping resolution and aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.Grant Funding Source: Pilot funds from the Nutrition Obesity Research Center (P30DK056350) and the NHLBI (4R00HL102223)
Branched‐chain amino acids alter cbx1 and c‐fos gene expressions in brain cells (818.14)
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lee Heejin , Park Yoon Jung 
Published: June 2021

Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine and valine, have well‐studied effects as supplement including endurance performance improvement and life span extension. The potential adverse effects of BCAA supplement on brain such as neurotransmitter synthesis defect and in vitro neurotoxicity have been reported, but the molecular mechanism has remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify gene expression changes respond to BCAA supplementation in a brain cells. We conducted microarray experiments on total RNA samples isolated from brain cells supplemented with 0, 2, and 8mM of BCAA solution. Ontology analysis found that biological pathways such as chromatin organization and ncRNA processing and molecular functions such as transcriptional activity were altered via gene expression changes. In particular, down‐regulated expression of CBX1 and up‐regulated expression of c‐FOS are respectively likely to influence mammalian viability and have overall effects on brain cells through cell signaling. This study revealed that BCAA supplement results in the significant expression changes of genes showing epigenetic or transcriptional functions in the brain cells.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the NRF grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (2012018819)
Leucine and ω‐3 fatty acids act synergistically through mTOR to activate translation initiation in young and aged C2C12 myotubes (820.18)
Authors: Baum Jamie , Shouse Stepanie , Wei Jeanne , Wolfe Robert 
Published: June 2021

Skeletal muscle is a major site of metabolic activity. For skeletal muscle to function at optimal levels, activation of processes that regulate muscle development, growth, and metabolism is required. Nutrition is an important modulator of health and function in aging and it is important to develop an optimal nutritional therapy that will improve skeletal muscle function in aging. Leu and ω−3 FA (EPA/DHA) are ideal candidates. The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with leu+ω−3 FA improves skeletal muscle function in aged cells through an mTOR‐mediated pathway. Young and aged C2C12 myotubes were serum and leu starved for 6 hr followed by treatment with rapamycin or DMSO for 1 hr. Cells then received one of four physiological treatments: control, 0.5mM leu, 60μM EPA/240μM DHA, or leu+EPA/DHA for 60 min. Both leu and ω−3 FA increased signaling through mTOR by hyperphosphorylating p70S6K and 4EBP1 (p<0.05) in young and aged cells, however aged cells were less responsive to nutrient treatment. Leu+ω−3 FA had a synergistic effect (p<0.05) on p70S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Treatment with rapamycin blunted the nutrient response, suggesting leu and ω−3 FA act via mTOR to regulate muscle function. Taken together, these data suggest that leu and ω−3 FA are potential candidates for nutrition therapy during aging.Grant Funding Source: Supported by UAMS Pepper Center Pilot Grant AG028718.
Exercise increases indicators of cholesterol absorption and decreases indicators of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase activity in livers of mice consuming high and low fat diets (821.10)
Authors: Harding Scott , Steane Isobel , Jadhav Kavita , Williamson David 
Published: June 2021

Regular aerobic exercise is effective for weight loss and reducing adiposity, but its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and composition while consuming a high fat/high calorie diets are not well understood. Here we describe the effects of no exercise (Sed) or progressive treadmill exercise training (Ex) over 8 weeks (5 days/week up to 45 min/day, 25 m/min, 5% grade, on a motorized treadmill) in mice fed either low fat ((LF) 5 mg/g; 3.8 kcal/g) or high fat ((HF) 350 mg/g; 5.2 kcal/g) diet on hepatic markers of cholesterol (Chol) synthesis and absorption, de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) activity. Hepatic Chol, lathosterol (LS), campesterol (CS), beta‐sitosterol (BS) and fatty acid composition were determined by gas chromatography. Differences were analyzed by 2‐way ANCOVA, with food intake as the covariate. Although total hepatic Chol and LS were not different across groups, both LF groups had higher hepatic CS (p=0.002) and BS (p=0.014) content. Irrespective of exercise, the LS/Chol ratio, an indicator of Chol synthesis, tended to be higher in the LF groups (p=0.051). Both LF groups had higher CS/Chol (p<0.0001) and BS/Chol (p=0.001), indicating higher Chol absorption. While there was no difference due to exercise alone, LF‐Ex mice had the highest Chol absorption (diet x Ex; CS/Chol, p=0.051 and BS/Chol, p=0.016). DNL (16:0/18:2n‐6) and SCD activity (16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0) were higher (16:1/16:0) in the LF (p<0.0001), but decreased in the Ex groups (p<0.0001) with the LF‐Ex having the largest decrease (diet x Ex; 16:1/16:0, p=0.016). In conclusion, our data show that 8 weeks of progressive treadmill exercise increases hepatic cholesterol absorption and decreases SCD activity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by King's College London and University at Buffalo
The consumption of 1 serving of beef vs. 1 serving of soy at lunch on appetite control, satiety, and subsequent energy intake: a practical comparison (823.5)
Authors: Douglas Steve , Lasley Tyler , Ortinau Laura , Shafer Rebecca , Leidy Heather 
Published: June 2021

Background: Higher protein plant foods, such as soy, have recently been touted as an equivalent replacement for animal products. However, plant sources contain less protein but more fiber compared to animal versions. Objective: To examine the effects of one serving of beef (BEEF) vs. one serving of soy (SOY) on appetite, satiety, and subsequent food intake. Methods: Using a randomized, crossover design, 23 adults (age 23 ± 1 y; BMI: 23.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2) consumed, on separate days, 400 kcal burger‐style lunch meals. The BEEF meal contained 1 serving of beef and included 24 g beef protein (33 g total protein); 44 g CHO; 1 g fiber; and 11 g fat, whereas the SOY meal contained 1 serving of soy and included 14 g soy protein (24 g total protein); 49 g CHO; 5 g fiber; and 11 g fat. Pre and post‐lunch appetite questionnaires and hormonal responses were measured throughout the day until dinner was voluntarily requested. Ad libitum dinner was provided. Results: No differences in afternoon perceived appetite, ghrelin, PYY, or GLP‐1 concentrations were found between meals. Further, no differences in voluntary dinner request or dinner energy content were observed between meals. Conclusions: When comparing single servings of beef vs. soy, no differences in appetite, satiety, or subsequent food intake were detected, suggesting that the reduced protein but higher fiber content of soy appears to counterbalance the higher protein content of beef.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Beef Checkoff
The effect of commercially prepared breakfast meals with varying levels of protein on acute satiety in non‐restrained women (823.6)
Authors: Karalus Melinda , Barisas Loretta , Zaripheh Susan 
Published: June 2021

Protein (PROT) has consistently been reported to have greater acute satiety effects compared to carbohydrate or fat in equal caloric meals. This study assessed the acute effects of commercially prepared breakfasts varying in PROT on subjective ratings of appetite & energy intake at a subsequent meal in 36 non‐restrained women (BMI 18 ‐ 29 Kg/m2). A within‐subject preload design with repeated measures was conducted. Six conditions (~240kcals) varying in PROT levels were presented in randomized order: 1) no breakfast, 2) turkey sausage, egg‐based breakfast bowl ((TSE‐BB) (40g PROT)), 3) TSE‐BB (23g PROT), 4) TSE‐BB (10g PROT), 5) cereal & milk (8g PROT) & 6) pancakes & syrup (3g PROT). Visual analog scale ratings for appetite (hunger, fullness, prospective consumption, desire to eat) were measured at baseline & 30 min intervals for 240 min. Energy intake was recorded at an ad libitum lunch at 240 min. TSE PROT meals at 23g & 40g showed greater satiety ratings & lower energy intake at lunch vs. the lower PROT (3g & 8g PROT) breakfast meals (P<0.001). All breakfast treatments resulted in greater acute satiety ratings compared to no breakfast (P<0.001). This study shows that commercially prepared, higher protein sausage and egg based breakfast meals provide greater acute appetite control compared to lower‐protein based breakfast meals.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The Hillshire Brands Company