bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dusk feeding in laying hens is shifted by light program via involvement of clock genes
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Liu Zengmin , Zhao Jingpeng , Jiao Hongchao , Lin Hai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDusk feeding is practised probably to satisfy the energy requirement during night. However, little is known on the changes with clock gene expressions during this feeding behaviour. In our present study, the linkage of clock gene expressions and feeding behaviour in dusk feeding was investigated in laying hens under two lighting programs: the conventional lighting program (Control) with a light period from 05:00 AM to 21:00 PM and a dark period from 21:00 PM to 05:00 AM; or the shifted lighting program group (SLP) with a light period from 02:00 AM to 18:00 PM and a dark period from 18:00 PM to 02:00 AM. The gene expression‐related appetite and circadian rhythm were investigated in hypothalamus and proventriculus at 1, 3 and 5 h before scotophase. The results demonstrated that dusk feeding was synchronously shifted with altered lighting program, dusk feeding was observed from 5 h before scotophase in both groups. The expressions of anorexigenic gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and changed in pace with lighting program. The expressions of clock gene period 2 (Per2) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) in hypothalamus were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and shifted by lighting program. In the proventriculus, ghrelin expression was decreased (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding by lighting program. In conclusion, the expressions of clock genes Per2 and Cry1 are linked with the downregulated expressions of anorexigenic genes, POMC and CART, and in turn the augmented feed intake at dusk.
Aqueous alteration and bioalteration of a synthetic enstatite chondrite
Authors: AVRIL Caroline , MALAVERGNE Valérie , VAN HULLEBUSCH Eric D. , BRUNET Fabrice , BORENSZTAJN Stephan , LABANOWSKI Jérôme , HENNET Louis , GUYOT François 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the transformations of highly reduced enstatite chondrites (EC) in terrestrial environments, even on very short timescales, is important to make the best use of the cosmochemical and mineralogical information carried by these extraterrestrial rocks. Analogs of EC meteorites were synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. Then, their aqueous alterations, either abiotic or in the presence of the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans or Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, were studied under air, at pH ~2, 20 °C, and atmospheric pressure. They stayed in shaken batch reactors for 15 days. Reference experiments were carried out separately by altering only one mineral phase among those composing the synthetic EC (i.e., sulfides: troilite or Mg‐Ca‐rich sulfides, enstatite, and Fe70Si30). Composition of the alteration aqueous media and microstructures of the weathered solids were monitored by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Alteration sequence of the different mineral components of the synthetic EC was found to occur in the following order: magnesium‐calcium sulfides > troilite > iron‐silicon metallic phase > enstatite regardless of the presence or absence of the microorganisms. Such small biological effects might be due to the fact that the alteration conditions are far from biologically optimal, which is likely the case in most natural environments. The exposed surfaces of an EC meteorite falling on Earth in a wet and acidic environment could lose within a few hours their Ca‐ and Mg‐rich sulfides (oldhamite and niningerite). Then, in <1 week, troilite and kamacite could be altered. In a wet and acidic environment, only the enstatite would remain intact and would weather on a much slower geological timescale.
Effects of cotton–maize rotation on soil microbiome structure
Authors: Xi Hui , Zhang Xuekun , Qu Zheng , Yang Dingyi , Alariqi Muna , Yang Zhaoguang , Nie Xinhui , Zhu Longfu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVerticillium wilt is a disastrous disease in cotton‐growing regions in China. As a common management method, cotton rotation with cereal crops is used to minimize the loss caused by Verticillium dahliae. However, the correlation between soil microbiome and the control of Verticillium wilt under a crop rotation system is unclear. Therefore, three cropping systems (fallow, cotton continuous cropping, and cotton–maize rotation) were designed and applied for three generations under greenhouse conditions to investigate the different responses of the soil microbial community. The soil used in this study was taken from a long‐term cotton continuous cropping field and inoculated with V. dahliae before use. Our results showed that the diversity of the soil bacterial community was increased under cotton–maize rotation, while the diversity of the fungal community was obviously decreased. Meanwhile, the structure and composition of the bacterial communities were similar even under the different cropping systems, but they differed in the soil fungal communities. Through microbial network interaction analysis, we found that Verticillium interacted with 17 bacterial genera, among which Terrabacter had the highest correlation with Verticillium. Furthermore, eight fungal and eight bacterial species were significantly correlated with V. dahliae. Collectively, this work aimed to study the interactions among V. dahliae, the soil microbiome, and plant hosts, and elucidate the relationship between crop rotation and soil microbiome, providing a new theoretical basis to screen the biological agents that may contribute to Verticillium wilt control.
A qualitative exploration of a mindful resiliency program for community healthcare providers
Authors: Klockner Karen , Crawford Christopher , Craigie Mark , Tsai Lily , Hegney Desley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the important contribution of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to the community healthcare sector, the building and maintenance of occupational resilience in community health workers has received little attention. However, it is recognized that employees in this sector are exposed to significant stressors from the high demand work environment which negatively impacts on their well‐being. Therefore, this research examined the acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of a mindful resiliency program by employing a qualitative analysis of participant subjective experience of the program in this cohort. This was the first study to be conducted with senior managers and frontline healthcare providers in the nongovernmental organizations community sector. A 1‐month post‐delivery qualitative review of the program identified four major themes: applicability, changes to participant's skills, social support, and coping with COVID‐19. A major finding was the ability of the participants to immediately recognize their stress levels and then manage them. Additionally, lessons from the program were shown to be usefully applied with colleagues and clients within the work environment, and with family members.
An integrative healthcare model with heartfulness meditation and care coordination improves outcomes in cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Venkatesan Thangam , Porcelli Anthony , Matapurkar Anagha , Suresh Kumar Vishnu Charan , Szabo Aniko , Yin Ziyan , Wieloch Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is associated with psychosocial comorbidity and often triggered by stress. Since the current disease‐centered care model does not address psychosocial factors, we hypothesized that holistic, patient‐centered care integrating meditation and addressing psychosocial needs through a care coordinator will improve healthcare outcomes in CVS.MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial: 49 patients with CVS (mean age: 34 ± 14 years; 81% female) were randomized to conventional health care (controls) or Integrative Health care (IHC) (27: controls, 22: IHC). The IHC group was assigned a care coordinator and received meditation with a certified instructor. Outcomes including psychological distress, coping strategies to manage chronic stress, cognitive symptom management, and Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) were measured.Key ResultsIn intention‐to‐treat analyses, patients receiving IHC showed significant improvement in multiple domains of coping including positive reframing, planning, and reduction in self‐blame (p values ≤0.05), and physical HRQoL (p = 0.03) at 6 months. They also leaned toward spirituality/religion as a coping measure (p ≤ 0.02 at 3 and 6 months). Subgroup analysis of compliant patients showed additional benefit with significant reduction in psychological distress (p = 0.04), improvement in sleep quality (p = 0.03), reduction in stress levels (0.02), improvement in physical HRQoL (0.04), and further improvement in other domains of coping (p < 0.05).Conclusions and InferencesAn IHC model incorporating meditation and care coordination improves patient outcomes in CVS and is a useful adjunct to standard treatment. Studies to determine the independent effects of meditation and care coordination are warranted.
Host‐induced gene silencing – mechanisms and applications
Authors: Koch Aline , Wassenegger Michael 
Published: March 2021

SummaryHost‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has emerged as a powerful alternative to chemical treatments for protecting plants from pathogens or pests. More than 170 HIGS studies have been published so far, and HIGS products have been launched. First, we discuss the strengths and limitations of this technology in a pathosystem‐specific context. Next, we highlight the requirement for fundamental knowledge on the molecular mechanisms (i.e. uptake, processing and translocation of transgene‐expressed double‐stranded RNAs) that determine the efficacy and specificity of HIGS. Additionally, we speculate on the contribution of host and target RNA interference machineries, which may be incompatible depending on the lifestyle of the pathogen or pest. Finally, we predict that closing these gaps in knowledge will lead to the development of novel integrative concepts, precise risk assessment and tailor‐made HIGS therapy for plant diseases.
Engineering of the cytosolic form of phosphoglucose isomerase into chloroplasts improves plant photosynthesis and biomass
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhang Huijun , Zhang Wenjuan , Wang Ning , Zhang Shijia , Chu Chengcai , Liu Cuimin 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate synthesized in plant chloroplast as the product of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, serving a crucial role in the carbon budget as storage energy. Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose 6‐phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6‐phosphate (F6P), which are important metabolic molecules in starch synthesis within chloroplasts and sucrose synthesis in cytosol.

Here, we found that the specific activity of recombinantly purified PGI localized in cytosolic PGI (PGIc) was much higher than its plastidic isoenzyme counterpart (PGIp) originated from wheat, rice and Arabidopsis, with wheat PGIc having by far the highest activity. Crystal structures of wheat TaPGIc and TaPGIp proteins were solved and the functional units were homodimers.

The active sites of PGIc and PGIp, constituted by the same amino acids, formed different binding pockets. Moreover, PGIc showed slightly lower affinity to the substrate F6P but with much faster turnover rates. Engineering of TaPGIc into chloroplasts of a pgip mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (atpgip) resulted in starch overaccumulation, increased CO2 assimilation, up to 19% more plant biomass and 27% seed yield productivity.

These results show that manipulating starch metabolic pathways in chloroplasts can improve plant biomass and yield productivity.
Seasonal thaw and landscape position determine foliar functional traits and whole‐plant water use in tall shrubs on the low arctic tundra
Authors: Black Katherine L. , Wallace Cory A. , Baltzer Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Climate warming is driving tundra shrub expansion with implications for ecosystem function and regional climate. Understanding associations between shrub ecophysiological function, distribution and environment is necessary for predicting consequences of expansion. We evaluated the role of topographic gradients on upland shrub productivity to understand potential constraints on shrub expansion.

At a low arctic tundra site near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, we measured sap flow, stem water potential and productivity‐related functional traits in green alder, and environmental predictors (water and nutrient availability and seasonal thaw depth) across a toposequence in alder patches.

Seasonal thaw reduced stem sap flow whereas topographic position predicted stem water potential and productivity‐related functional traits. Upslope shrubs were more water‐limited than those downslope. Shrubs in drainage channels had traits associated with greater productivity than those on the tops of slopes.

The effect of thaw depth on sap flow has implications for seasonal water‐use patterns and warming impacts on tundra ecohydrology. Topographic variation in functional traits corresponds with observed spatial patterns of tundra shrub expansion along floodplains and concave hillslopes rather than in upland areas. Green alder is expanding rapidly across the low arctic tundra in northwestern North America; thus, anticipating the implications of its expansion is essential for predicting tundra function.
Under salt stress guard cells rewire ion transport and abscisic acid signaling
Authors: Karimi Sohail M. , Freund Matthias , Wager Brittney M. , Knoblauch Michael , Fromm Jörg , M. Mueller Heike , Ache Peter , Krischke Markus , Mueller Martin J. , Müller Tobias , Dittrich Marcus , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin , Alfarhan Ahmed H. , Hedrich Rainer , Deeken Rosalia 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Soil salinity is an increasingly global problem which hampers plant growth and crop yield. Plant productivity depends on optimal water‐use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity balanced by stomatal conductance. Whether and how stomatal behavior contributes to salt sensitivity or tolerance is currently unknown. This work identifies guard cell‐specific signaling networks exerted by a salt‐sensitive and salt‐tolerant plant under ionic and osmotic stress conditions accompanied by increasing NaCl loads.

We challenged soil‐grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea plants with short‐ and long‐term salinity stress and monitored genome‐wide gene expression and signals of guard cells that determine their function.

Arabidopsis plants suffered from both salt regimes and showed reduced stomatal conductance while Thellungiella displayed no obvious stress symptoms. The salt‐dependent gene expression changes of guard cells supported the ability of the halophyte to maintain high potassium to sodium ratios and to attenuate the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway which the glycophyte kept activated despite fading ABA concentrations.

Our study shows that salinity stress and even the different tolerances are manifested on a single cell level. Halophytic guard cells are less sensitive than glycophytic guard cells, providing opportunities to manipulate stomatal behavior and improve plant productivity.
Risk factors associated with the development of oral mucositis in pediatric oncology patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Farias Gabriel Amanda , Silveira Felipe Martins , Curra Marina , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , da Silveira Matte Ursula , Siebert Marina , Botton Mariana Rodrigues , Brunetto André Tesainer , Gregianin Lauro José , Martins Manoela Domingues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesOral mucositis (OM) is an acute toxicity related to cancer treatment. This systematic review aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of OM in pediatric cancer patients.MethodsA search was performed in four electronic databases to identify studies that analyzed risk factors for OM in pediatric cancer patients.ResultsNineteen articles were included. The incidence of OM ranged from 20% to 80.4%. Chemotherapeutic agents were potential risk factors for OM in eight (42%) studies. Hematological, hepatic, and renal parameters were also considered in eight (42%) studies, while specific individual factors were reported in five (26.3%) studies. Baseline disease, oral microbiota, genetic profile, and biomarkers were reported in four (21.5%) studies each. Meta‐analysis showed that groups submitted to high‐risk chemotherapy for OM had a 2.79‐fold increased risk of OM.ConclusionsIdentifying risk factors for OM is essential in order to allow individualized and early prevention treatment.
An implementation of Bubble Magnification did not improve the video comprehension of individuals with central vision loss
Authors: Costela Francisco M , Reeves Stephanie M , Woods Russell L 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePeople with central vision loss (CVL) watch television, videos and movies, but often report difficulty and have reduced video comprehension. An approach to assist viewing videos is electronic magnification of the video itself, such as Bubble Magnification.MethodsWe created a Bubble Magnification technique that displayed a magnified segment around the centre of interest (COI) as determined by the gaze of participants with normal vision. The 15 participants with CVL viewed video clips shown with 2× and 3× Bubble Magnification, and unedited. We measured video comprehension and gaze coherence.ResultsVideo comprehension was significantly worse with both 2× (p = 0.01) and 3× Bubble Magnification (p < 0.001) than the unedited video. There was no difference in gaze coherence across conditions (p ≥ 0.58). This was unexpected because we expected a benefit in both video comprehension and gaze coherence. This initial attempt to implement the Bubble Magnification method had flaws that probably reduced its effectiveness.ConclusionsIn the future, we propose alternative implementations of Bubble Magnification, such as variable magnification and bubble size. This study is a first step in the development of an intelligent‐magnification approach to providing a vision rehabilitation aid to assist people with CVL.
Facilitators and barriers to the delivery of eye care by optometrists: a systematic review using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Toomey Melinda , Gyawali Rajendra , Stapleton Fiona , Ho Kam Chun , Keay Lisa , Jalbert Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeEvidence‐based practice is fundamental to providing quality care, patient satisfaction and judicious use of limited healthcare resources. However, variability in evidence‐based eye care delivery has been reported. Given the important role of optometrists in delivering primary eye care, a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to providing optometric care is required. This systematic review aimed to identify determinants (barriers and facilitators) of eye care delivery by optometrists and interventions that may improve eye care delivery.Recent findingsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting barriers and facilitators to eye care delivery published between 1999 and 2020. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to analyse data (quotations, interpretive summaries, survey result) with barriers and facilitators coded to one or more of the 14 domains, and used to identify the key behavioural domains influencing eye care delivery based on frequency of coding, elaboration and stated importance in the study. Influential domains were mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel to identify potential interventions to improve eye care delivery. Of the 802 studies retrieved from the search, 30 were included. Frequently identified barriers were time constraints, resources and equipment issues, patient factors, lack of awareness, skill proficiency deficits and negative attitudes and beliefs. Frequently identified facilitators were adequate time, resources and equipment, education, skill proficiency and understanding the relevancy of the eye care provided. The key TDF domains influencing eye care delivery were ‘environmental context and resources’ (time, resources, equipment issues, patient factors), ‘knowledge’ (awareness issues), ‘skills’ (skills proficiency) and ‘belief about consequences’ (beliefs and relevancy). Intervention functions that may improve eye care delivery were education, training, restriction, environmental restructuring, enablement, persuasion and modelling.SummaryThe barriers and facilitators identified in this review were diverse and located at both the practitioner and organisational levels. Four TDF domains were found to be influential determinants of eye care practice. Intervention functions identified in this study can be used to improve the appropriateness of primary eye care delivery.
Differences in intubation outcomes for pediatric patients between pediatric and general Emergency Departments
Authors: To Yi Hui , Ong Yong‐Kwang Gene , Chong Shu‐Ling , Ang Peck Har , Bte Zakaria Nur Diana , Lee Khai Pin , Pek Jen Heng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntubation is a life‐saving intervention at the Emergency Department (ED). However, general and pediatric EDs may vary in their preparedness to manage children with airway emergencies.AimsWe aimed to compare rates of first‐pass intubation and adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events between general and pediatric EDs.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was conducted at a pediatric ED and three general EDs from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. Information about the intubation process involving pediatric patients (less than 16 years old), as well as eventual outcomes of first‐pass intubation and adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events were collected and analyzed.ResultsThere were 180 pediatric intubations, of which 115 (63.9%) were performed in pediatric ED. The median age was 2 years old (interquartile range 0–6). Intubation was most commonly performed for patients with cardiac arrest (88, 48.9%). Direct laryngoscopy was used in 178 (98.9%) cases and uncuffed tube was used in 135 (75.0%) cases. Apneic oxygenation was performed in 26 (14.4%) cases—all in pediatric ED. Intubation was predominantly performed by senior clinicians (162, 90.0%). Overall, intubation was performed successfully in 175 (97.2%) cases, with a first‐pass intubation rate of 82.2% which was similar between pediatric (96, 83.5%) and general EDs (52, 80%) (Odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 2.76, p = .558). There were 68 adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events with right mainstem intubation being the most common (23, 12.8%). Pediatric EDs (44, 38.3%) had a higher rate of adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events than general EDs (15, 23.1%) (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.11; p = .037).ConclusionsDifferences exist in intubation outcomes between pediatric and general EDs. Quality improvement efforts should focus on standardizing intubation practices across both pediatric and general EDs.
More than a Feeling
Authors: Kuklok Allison 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI argue for an interpretation of Hume on which our confused notions of causal necessity find their model in Hume's notion of logical necessity: our minds react in similar ways to constant conjunctions, on the one hand, and genuine cases of inseparability between ideas, on the other, in light of which we mistakenly place relations of necessitation between objects we call cause and effect. I argue that my account provides a more satisfying explanation of the mismatch between the feeling that provides our true idea of necessary connection and the confused notions of necessary connection held by philosophers and the vulgar.