bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Drawing System Approach To Manufacture Performant Commercially Pure Aluminium Fine Wires
Authors: Caruso Serafino , Ambrogio Giuseppina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to its electro-mechanical properties, commercially pure aluminium wires have attracted the interest of automotive industry representing a functional and efficient economic solution to reduce vehicle’s weight leading to the diminishing of energy consumption and emissions in today’s society. However, to consolidate its use in this sector and in new market realities, it is necessary to increase the flexibility of the aluminium conductor wires, consenting their installation in very small spaces and with high curvatures, avoiding any failure and electrical conductivity decrease. Thus, the evolution of microstructure and service performance need to be investigated and controlled to improve the service safety. The present research shows a new approach to efficiently continuously manufacture long wires with smaller diameters and fine grains at room temperature. It is studied the strengthening effects (yield and tensile strength, plasticity, hardness), the electrical conductivity and the microstructural changes of commercial 1370 pure aluminium (99.7% Al) when traditional wire drawing process is combined with equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) technique. The results of this proposed procedure of deformation “drawing-ECAD-drawing” show an evident benefit, compared to the classic technology of production of aluminium wire, obtaining fine grain structure product with superior mechanical strength and not influenced electrical conductivity. The proposed manufacturing approach leads to fine wires enhancing the material mechanical properties by microstructural evolution (i.e. grain size reduction) avoiding the traditional post manufacturing thermal treatments requiring a high amount of energy and time and careful steps.
ANRIL Regulates Multiple Molecules of Pathogenetic Significance in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Sooshtari Parisa , Feng Biao , Biswas Saumik , Levy Michael , Lin Hanxin , Su Zhaoliang , Chakrabarti Subrata 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hyperglycemia-induced transcriptional alterations lead to aberrant synthesis of a large number of pathogenetic molecules leading to functional and structural damage to multiple end organs including the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major cause of end stage renal disease. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms, including alteration of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play a significant role mediating the cellular transcriptional activities. We have previously shown that lncRNA ANRIL may mediate diabetes associated molecular, functional and structural abnormalities in DN. Here we explored downstream mechanisms of ANRIL alteration in DN.Methods: We used renal cortical tissues from ANRIL knockout (KO) mice and wild type (WT) B6 mice, with or without streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes for RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were identified using edgeR and DESeq2 computational methods. KEGG and Reactome pathway analyses and network analysesusing STRING and IPA were subsequently performed. Results: Diabetic animals showed hyperglycemia, reduced body weight gain, polyuria and increased urinary albumin. Both albuminuria and polyuria were corrected in the KO diabetic mice. RNA analyses showed Diabetes induced alterations of a large number of transcripts in the wild type (WT) animals. ANRIL knockout (KO) prevented a large number of such alterations. The altered transcripts include metabolic pathways, apoptosis, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and degradation, NFKB related pathways, AGERAGE interaction pathways etc. ANRIL KO prevented majority of these pathways. Conclusion: These findings suggest that as ANRIL regulates a large number of molecules of pathogenetic significance, it may potentially be a drug target for DN and other chronic diabetic complications.
Classification of RA Into Active or Inactive With a Modified DAS, for Future Use as a Treat-to-target Tool, With a HandScan Score Replacing Joint Counts
Authors: Verhoeven Maxime , Westgeest Anton , Tekstra Janneke , Laar Jacob van , Lafeber Floris , Welsing Paco , Jacobs Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesTo establish the value of a modified DAS (DAS-OST) without joint counts but with a HandScan score (OST), versus that of DAS28, to classify RA as active versus inactive, with as reference standard the rheumatologist's clinical classification.MethodsRA patients with at least one HandScan and DAS28 measurement performed at the same visit were included. Data was extracted from medical records, as was the clinical interpretation as active or inactive RA by the rheumatologist. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate areas under the receiver operating characteristics (AU-ROC) curves. The clinical interpretation was used as reference standard in all analyses, and disease activity measures were used as predictor variables. The performance of predictor variables (AU-ROCs) was compared.ResultsData of 1505 unique RA patients were used for analyses. The highest AU-ROC of 0.88 (95%CI 0.85 – 0.90) was shown for DAS28; AU-ROC of DAS-OST was 0.78 (95%CI 0.75 – 0.81), difference 0.10, p<0.01.ConclusionsCompared to DAS28, DAS-OST classified RA statistically significantly less well as active versus inactive, when using the clinical classification as reference standard. However, a DAS-modification without joint scores might have a place in strategies limiting routine outpatients’ visits to the rheumatologist.
Deaggregation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Construction of Pseudo-Exact Conditional Spectrum for China
Authors: Ji Kun , Wen Ruizhi , Ren Yefei , Wang Weiyi , Chen Lansheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For mainland China, the primary obstacle in conditional spectrum (CS) based ground motion selection work is that the corresponding seismic hazard deaggregation results were not released for the China national standard GB 18306- 2015 “Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map”, which refers to the fifth-generation seismic hazard map. Therefore, this study firstly constructed a probabilistic seismic hazard map for mainland China using the three level seismicity source models as applied to produce the fifth-generation seismic hazard map. The derived peak ground acceleration (PGA) values in our seismic hazard map were basically consistent with the fifth-generation seismic hazard map for most of the 34 principal Chinese cities considered. Then, three-dimensional deaggregation scheme was performed for PGA and 5%-damped spectral acceleration (Sa) corresponding to mean return periods of 475 and 2475 years. Based on the magnitude-longitude-latitude deaggregation results of three example cities: Xichang, Kunming, and Xi’an, approximate and pseudo-exact conditional spectrum were established with/without considering multiple casual earthquakes and possible strike directions of the potential source areas. The mean pseudo-exact CS lies between the results of approximate CS using long and short axis GMMs. The conditional standard deviation of pseudo-exact CS is approximately 1.1 to 1.5 times larger than the approximate CS for the periods away from the conditional period. For three example cities, hazard consistency of the spectral accelerations of the ground motion realizations matching target distribution of pseudo-exact CS and geometric mean approximate CS were evaluated and validated. Moreover, for the 34 studied cities, we tabulated the uniform hazard curve and deaggregation results for PGA and Sa values (0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0s) at MRPs of 475 and 2475 years. (https://github.com/JIKUN1990/China-Seismic-Hazard-Deaggregation-34cities)
Impact of Operational Conditions on Methane Yield and Microbial Community Composition during Biological Methanation in a Hybrid Reactor System
Authors: Wahid Radziah , Horn Svein Jarle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Biogas can be upgraded to methane biologically by adding hydrogen to biogas reactors. The process is called biological methanation (BM) and can be done in-situ in a regular biogas reactor or the biogas can be transferred to a separate ex-situ upgrading reactor. The hybrid BM concept, a combination of in-situ and ex-situ BM, has received little attention, and only a few studies have been reported. The hybrid BM has the advantage of resolving the issue of pH increment during in-situ BM, while the size of the ex-situ BM reactor could be reduced.Results: In this study, the efficiency of in-situ and hybrid biological methanation (BM) for upgrading raw biogas was investigated. The hybrid BM system achieved a CH4 yield of 257 mL gVS-1 when degrading a feedstock blend of manure and cheese waste. This represented an increase in methane yield of 76% when compared to the control reactor with no H2 addition. A 2:1 H2:CO2 ratio resulted in stable reactor performance, while a 4:1 ratio resulted in a high accumulation of volatile fatty acids. H2 consumption rate was improved when a low manure-cheese waste ratio (90%:10%) was applied. Furthermore, feeding less frequently (every 48 hours) resulted in a higher CH4 production from CO2 and H2. Methanothermobacter was found to dominate the archaeal community in the in-situ BM reactor, and its relative abundance increased over the experimental time. Methanosarcina abundance was negatively affected by H2 addition and was nearly non-existent at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Our results show that hybrid BM outperforms in-situ BM in terms of total CH4 production and content of CH4 in the biogas. The application of hybrid BM increased CH4 yield up to 42%. Furthermore, addition of H2 at 2:1 H2:CO2 ratio in in-situ BM resulted in stable reactor operation.
Construction of the Metabolomics-Based Prognosis-Prediction Models for ICU Septic Patients
Authors: Ding Xianfei , Tong Ran , Song Heng , Sun Guiying , Wang Dong , Liang Huoyan , Sun Junyi , Cui Yuqing , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liu Shaohua , Cheng Ming , Sun Tongwen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Global mortality related to sepsis remains unacceptably high in intensive care units (ICUs). Accurate prognostic evaluation of sepsis could effectively reduce the mortality of septic patients. Our goal is to present an effective and rapid method to assess the prognosis of sepsis.Methods: We included 96 septic patients according to the sepsis 3.0 in ICU, who were grouped into survival and death groups according to 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was performed to detect the metabolite changes in plasma. Multivariate logistic regression models, using differential metabolites and clinical indicators within 24 h after diagnosis of sepsis, were used to construct the prediction models for 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis in sepsis.Results: Metabolic profiles related to 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis were significantly different between the survival and the death group. Specifically, 13, 4, and 29 primary differential metabolites related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism were identified between the survival and death group at 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis, respectively. Further, we found that model 1 including indoleacetic acid, 3-methylene-indolenine, heart rate, respiratory support, and application of pressure drugs; model 2 including lymphocyte count, alkaline phosphatase, SOFA, and L-alpha-amino-1H-pyrrole-1-hexanoic acid; model 3 including pyrrolidine, dopamine, heart rate, respiratory support, and application of pressure drugs, could predict 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis of sepsis with a sensitivity of 75.51%, 73.58%, and 83.33%, specificity of 78.72%, 72.09%, and 76.19%, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.881, 0.830, 0.892, respectively.Conclusions: This research could be used to predict the 28-day, hospital, and 90-day prognosis of septic patients based on differential metabolites and clinical parameters, and could also be used to develop novel sepsis-treatment methods.
Evaluating Performance of Multiplex Real Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Malaria at Elimination Targeted Low Transmission Settings of Ethiopia.
Authors: Belachew Mahlet , Wolde Mistire , Nega Desalegn , Gidey Bokretsion , Negash Legessie , Assefa Ashenafi , Tasew Geremew , Woyessa Adugna , Hirpa Adugna Abera 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria incidence has declined in Ethiopia in the past ten years. Current malaria diagnostic tests, including light microscopy and antigen-detecting rapid tests (RDTs) cannot reliably detect low-density infections. Studies have shown that nucleic acid amplification tests are highly sensitive and specific in detecting malaria infection. Thus, this study took place with the aim of evaluating the performance of multiplex real time PCR for the diagnosis of malaria using patient samples collected from health facilities located at malaria elimination targeted low transmission settings in Ethiopia. Methods: A health facility based cross sectional survey was conducted in selected malaria sentinel sites. Malaria suspected febrile outpatients referred to laboratory for malaria testing between December 2019 and March 2020 were enrolled into this study. Socio demographic information and capillary blood samples were collected from the study participants and tested at spot with RDTs. Additionally, five circles of dry blood sample (DBS) samples on Whatman filter paper and thick and thin smear were prepared for molecular testing and microscopic examination, respectively. Multiplex real time PCR assay was performed at EPHI malaria laboratory. The performance of multiplex real time PCR assay, microscopy and RDT for the diagnosis of malaria was compared and evaluated against each other.Results: Out of 271 blood samples, multiplex real time PCR identified 69 malaria cases as P. falciparum infection, 16 as P. vivax and 3 as mixed infections. Of the total samples, light microscopy detected 33 as Pf, 18 as PV and RDT detected 43 as Pf, 17 as PV, and one mixed infection. Using light microscopy as reference test, the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex real time PCR were 100% (95% CI [93-100]) and 83.2% (95% CI [77.6-87.9]), respectively. Using multiplex real time PCR as a reference, light microscopy and RDT had sensitivity of 58% (95% CI [46.9-68.4] and 67% (95% CI [56.2-76.7]); and 100% (95% CI [98-100] and 98.9 (95% CI (96-99.9), respectively. Substantial level of agreement was reported between microscopy and multiplex real time PCR results with kappa value of 0.65. Conclusions: Multiplex real time PCR had an advanced performance in parasite detection and species identification on febrile patients’ samples than did microscopy and RDT in low malaria transmission settings. It is highly sensitive malaria diagnostic method that can be used in malaria elimination program, particularly for community based epidemiological samples. Although microscopy and RDT had reduced performance when compared to multiplex real time PCR, still had an acceptable performance in diagnosis of malaria cases on patient samples at clinical facilities.
Global Impact of Non-essential Heavy Metal Contaminants in Industrial Cannabis Bioeconomy
Authors: Bengyella Louis , Ali Mohammed Q.O. , Mukherjee Piyali , Fonmboh Dobgima J. , Kaminski John E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The intrinsic signatures of Cannabis species to bioaccumulate non-essential harmful heavy metals (HMs) are substantially determined by their high tolerance, weedy propensities, phenotypic plasticity attributes, and pedoclimatic stress adaptation in an ecological niche. The detection trends of HMs contaminants in cannabis products have reshaped the 2027 forecast and beyond for global cannabis trade valued at $57 billion. Consumer base awareness for the cohort of HMs contaminants viz., lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and radioactive elements, and the associative dissuading effects significantly impact cannabis bioeconomy. On the premise that fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) could be repurposed to diverse non-consumable products, concerns over HMs contamination would not significantly decrease fiber trade, a trend that could impact globally by 2025. The economic trend will depend on acceptable consumer risk, regulatory instruments, and grower's due diligence to implement agronomic best practices to mitigate HMs contamination in marketable cannabis-related products. In this unstructured meta-analysis study based on published literature, the application of Cannabis species in HMs phytoremediation, new insights into transportation, distribution, homeostasis of HMs, the impact of HMs on medical cannabis, and cannabis bioeconomic are discussed. Furthermore, a blueprint of agronomic strategies to alleviate HMs uptake by plant is proposed. Considering that one-third of the global arable lands are contaminated with HMs, revamping global production of domesticated cannabis requires a rethinking of agronomic best practices and post-harvest technologies to remove HMs contaminants.
Structure of the human RNA Polymerase I Elongation Complex
Authors: Xu Yanhui , Zhao Dan , Liu Weida , Chen Ke , Wu Zihan , Yang Huirong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA and generates RNA for ribosome synthesis. Pol I accounts for the majority of cellular transcription activity and dysregulation of Pol I transcription leads to cancers and ribosomopathies. Despite extensive structural studies of yeast Pol I, structure of human Pol I remains unsolved. Here, we determined the structures of the human Pol I in the pre-translocation, post-translocation, and backtracked states at near-atomic resolution. The single-subunit peripheral stalk lacks contacts with the DNA-binding clamp and is more flexible than the two-subunit stalk in yeast Pol I. Compared to yeast Pol I, human Pol I possesses a more closed clamp, which makes more contacts with DNA and may support more efficient transcription in human cells. The Pol I structure in the post-cleavage backtracked state shows that the C-terminal zinc ribbon of RPA12 inserts into an open funnel and facilitates “dinucleotide cleavage” on mismatched DNA-RNA hybrid. Critical disease-associated mutations are mapped on Pol I regions that are involved in catalysis and complex organization. In summary, the structures provide new sights into human Pol I complex organization and efficient proofreading, consistent with requirement of efficient transcription of ribosomal DNA in human cells.
An Ultrafast One-Step qRT-PCR Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Milosevic Jadranka , Lu Mengrou , Greene Wallace , He Hong-Zhang , Zheng Si-Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We developed an ultrafast one-step RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection, which can be completed in only 30 mins on benchtop Bio-Rad CFX96. The assay significantly reduces the running time of conventional RT-qPCR: reduced RT step from 10 to 1 min, and reduced PCR cycle of denaturation from 10 to 1 s and extension from 30 to 1 s. A cohort of 60 nasopharyngeal swab samples testing showed that the assay had a clinical sensitivity of 100% and a clinical specificity of 100%.
Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Work-family imbalance and Coping strategies among Healthcare Professionals in Khartoum State Hospitals, Sudan, 2021
Authors: Mahgoub Ibrahim , Abdelrahman Amani , Abdallah Tibyan A , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Abdelrahman ElMuiz , Salih Zeinab Mohammed Amara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly contagious and can spread a pandemic, so it is related to serious health issues and major public concerns, and is considered by the medical community to be the greatest concern because it is the greatest risk of infection .Objective: To identify and assess the psychological effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on healthcare professionals in Khartoum state hospitals 2021.Materials and Methods: Generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Work-family balance measure scale were used to assess the Psychological impact of Doctors and nurses working in four big hospitals in Sudan ,by an online questionnaire, analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) during February.Results: Most of the participants had minimal to mild anxiety according to GAD-7 score, 121 (35.2%) and 103 (29.9%) respectively.Using PSS-10 the cutoff point was determined as 19 as the mean for total score was 19.2 ± 6.2, accordingly more than half had high levels of stress (scored 19 and above) 189 (54.9%). For the Work-Family Balance scale, 10 was regarded as the cutoff point. There was a significant association between specialty and stress level p-value 0.032. No significant correlations were found between age and stress level, neither between age and anxiety level (r − .100, p-value .064 and r = − .022, p-value .683 respectively).Conclusion: More than half of healthcare professionals (54.9%) showed high levels of stress.Most of the healthcare professionals had poor work-family balance (60.2%).
«Das Bundesgericht erhebt die alternierende Obhut zur Regel»
Authors: Widrig Martin 
Published: June 2021

Mit Urteilen von 19. Oktober und 13. November 2020 verdeutlicht das Bundesgericht seine bisherige Rechtsprechung zu strittigen Betreuungsfragen: Es nimmt die alternierende Obhut zum Ausgangspunkt der Entscheidfindung. Zudem priorisiert es gleiche Betreuungsanteile gegenüber ungleichen. Die alleinige Obhut ist anzuordnen, wenn im Einzelfall konkrete Gründe gegen hälftige Betreuungsanteile sprechen. Abweichungen von dieser Rechtsprechung können gegen das Willkürverbot verstossen. Das Bundesgericht gibt der alternierenden Obhut damit tendenziell den Vorzug in Betreuungsfragen. Der Beitrag analysiert die Bedeutung der Urteile für die Praxis und klärt offene Fragen zur «alternierenden Obhut als Regelfall» sowie zum Willen des Gesetzgebers.
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Dans ses arrêts du 19 octobre et du 13 novembre 2020, le Tribunal fédéral a précisé sa jurisprudence antérieure en matière de prise en charge de l’enfant. Il considère désormais la garde alternée comme étant le principe et privilégie une participation égale de chacun des parents dans la prise en charge de l’enfant. La garde exclusive doit être ordonnée que si, dans un cas individuel, des raisons concrètes s'opposent à cette répartition égale. Les décisions qui s’écartent de cette jurisprudence sont ainsi susceptibles de constituer une violation de l'interdiction de l'arbitraire. L'article analyse l’implication de ces arrêts pour la pratique et clarifie les questions ouvertes concernant la « garde alternée comme règle » ainsi que celles portant sur la volonté du législateur.
SOBRE OS RECENTES ACONTECIMENTOS DA POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA: LEITURAS E CRÍTICAS A PARTIR DE HANNAH ARENDT
Authors: Silva Bittencourt Luiz Antônio da , Souza Martins Leandro José de 
Published: June 2021

RESUMO: Os acontecimentos trágicos pelos quais passa a sociedade nos últimos meses provocam em cada pessoa uma pletora de sentimentos que podem ser resumidos (uma entre tantas possibilidades), em três conceitos-chave: a indiferença, o medo e a indignação. O pensamento político de Hannah Arendt em face da conjuntura atual em que o Brasil vem passando se torna interessante, principalmente pela forma como seu pensamento é construído. A experiência política moderna, muito criticada por Hannah Arendt se desvinculou de seus conceitos basilares, perdendo os fundamentos que foram erigidos ao longo dos séculos. A política, construção grega se pautava pelo diálogo eloquente, pela persuasão. Todavia, no contexto atual que se passa no Brasil, é necessário um resgate da consciência política de coletividade para efetivar a democracia participativa.

Palavras-chaves: Natureza Humana. Política. Democracia.