bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Methodology for Projecting U.S.- and State-Level Cancer Counts for the Current Calendar Year: Part I: Spatio-temporal Modeling for Cancer Incidence
Authors: Liu Benmei , Zhu Li , Zou Joe , Chen Huann-Sheng , Miller Kimberly D. , Jemal Ahmedin , Siegel Rebecca L. , Feuer Eric J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
The American Cancer Society (ACS) and the NCI collaborate every 5–8 years to update the methods for estimating numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the current year in the United States and in every state and the District of Columbia. In this article, we reevaluate the statistical method for estimating unavailable historical incident cases which are needed for projecting the current year counts.

Methods:
We compared the current county-level model developed in 2012 (M0) with three new models, including a state-level mixed effect model (M1) and two state-level hierarchical Bayes models with varying random effects (M2 and M3). We used 1996–2014 incidence data for 16 sex-specific cancer sites to fit the models. An average absolute relative deviation (AARD) comparing the observed with the model-specific predicted counts was calculated for each site. Models were also cross-validated for six selected sex-specific cancer sites.

Results:
For the cross-validation, the AARD ranged from 2.8% to 33.0% for M0, 3.3% to 31.1% for M1, 6.6% to 30.5% for M2, and 10.4% to 393.2% for M3. M1 encountered the least technical issues in terms of model convergence and running time.

Conclusions:
The state-level mixed effect model (M1) was overall superior in accuracy and computational efficiency and will be the new model for the ACS current year projection project.

Impact:
In addition to predicting the unavailable state-level historical incidence counts for cancer surveillance, the updated algorithms have broad applicability for disease mapping and other activities of public health planning, advocacy, and research.
Early Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Risk-Based Selection Strategies for Adjuvant Treatment in Stage II Colon Cancer: The Potential Value of Prognostic Molecular Markers
Authors: Jongeneel Gabrielle , Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Kunst Natalia , van Erning Felice N. , Koopman Miriam , Medema Jan P. , Vermeulen Louis , Ijzermans Jan N.M. , Vink Geraldine R. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Coupé Veerle M.H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
To explore the potential value of consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) in stage II colon cancer treatment selection, we carried out an early cost-effectiveness assessment of a CMS-based strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods:
We used a Markov cohort model to evaluate three selection strategies: (i) the Dutch guideline strategy (MSS+pT4), (ii) the mutation-based strategy (MSS plus a BRAF and/or KRAS mutation or MSS plus pT4), and (iii) the CMS-based strategy (CMS4 or pT4). Outcomes were number of colon cancer deaths per 1,000 patients, total discounted costs per patient (pp), and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) pp. The analyses were conducted from a Dutch societal perspective. The robustness of model predictions was assessed in sensitivity analyses. To evaluate the value of future research, we performed a value of information (VOI) analysis.

Results:
The Dutch guideline strategy resulted in 8.10 QALYs pp and total costs of €23,660 pp. The CMS-based and mutation-based strategies were more effective and more costly, with 8.12 and 8.13 QALYs pp and €24,643 and €24,542 pp, respectively. Assuming a threshold of €50,000/QALY, the mutation-based strategy was considered as the optimal strategy in an incremental analysis. However, the VOI analysis showed substantial decision uncertainty driven by the molecular markers (expected value of partial perfect information: €18M).

Conclusions:
On the basis of current evidence, our analyses suggest that the mutation-based selection strategy would be the best use of resources. However, the extensive decision uncertainty for the molecular markers does not allow selection of an optimal strategy at present.

Impact:
Future research is needed to eliminate decision uncertainty driven by molecular markers.
Roles of Phytoestrogen in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Yokosuka Kimihiko , Rutledge Caleb , Kamio Yoshinobu , Kuwabara Atsushi , Sato Hiroki , Rahmani Redi , Purcell James , Eguchi Satoru , Baranoski Jacob F. , Margaryan Tigran , Tovmasyan Artak , Ai Jinglu , Lawton Michael T. , Hashimoto Tomoki 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
The incidences of intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are high in postmenopausal women. Although population-based studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy is beneficial for postmenopausal women with intracranial aneurysms, estrogen replacement may no longer be recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases given its association with adverse outcomes, such as cancer and ischemic stroke. The isoflavone daidzein and its intestinal metabolite equol are bioactive phytoestrogens and potent agonists of estrogen receptors. Given their estrogenic properties, we investigated whether the isoflavones daidzein and equol are protective against the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms in a mouse model of the postmenopausal state.

Methods:
We induced intracranial aneurysms in ovariectomized adult female mice using a combination of induced systemic hypertension and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid. We fed the mice with an isoflavone-free diet with/without daidzein supplementation, or in a combination of intraperitoneal equol, or oral vancomycin treatment. We also used estrogen receptor beta knockout mice.

Results:
Both dietary daidzein and supplementation with its metabolite, equol, were protective against aneurysm formation in ovariectomized mice. The protective effects of daidzein and equol required estrogen receptor-β. The disruption of the intestinal microbial conversion of daidzein to equol abolished daidzein’s protective effect against aneurysm formation. Mice treated with equol had lower inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries, suggesting that phytoestrogens modulate inflammatory processes important to intracranial aneurysm pathogenesis.

Conclusions:
Our study establishes that both dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, protect against aneurysm formation in ovariectomized female mice through the activation of estrogen receptor-β and subsequent suppression of inflammation. Dietary daidzein’s protective effect required the intestinal conversion to equol. Our results indicate the potential therapeutic value of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, for the prevention of the formation of intracranial aneurysms and related subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Militarizing Monopoly: Game Design for Wartime
Authors: Garvin Diana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article tells the story of how Monopoly, a familiar object, was militarized on the eve of World War II. It will trace how game makers working for both Allied and Axis nations redesigned Monopoly to address their own political contexts, ranging from the Great Depression to Italian Fascism to Nazi German POW camps. To understand how different nations mobilized Monopoly for wartime, we first must turn to the historical origins of its design.
On the Life Cycle of a Shallow Cumulus Cloud: Is It a Bubble or Plume, Active or Forced?
Authors: Romps David M. , Öktem Rusen , Endo Satoshi , Vogelmann Andrew M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA cloud’s life cycle determines how its mass flux translates into cloud cover, thereby setting Earth’s albedo. Here, an attempt is made to quantify the most basic aspects of the life cycle of a shallow cumulus cloud: the degree to which it is a bubble or a plume, and active or forced. Quantitative measures are proposed for these properties, which are then applied to hundreds of shallow cumulus clouds in Oklahoma using data from stereo cameras, a Doppler lidar, and large-eddy simulations. The observed clouds are intermediate between active and forced, but behave more like bubbles than plumes. The simulated clouds, on the other hand, are more active and plumelike, suggesting room for improvement in the modeling of shallow cumulus.
Evaluating Diurnal Rainfall Signal Performance from CMIP5 to CMIP6
Authors: Lee Yu-Chi , Wang Yi-Chi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive overview of diurnal rainfall signal performance within the current collection of models in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results serve as a reference for understanding model physics performance to represent precipitating processes and atmosphere–land–ocean interactions in response to the diurnal solar radiation cycle. Performance metrics are based on the phase, amplitude, and two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of the climatological diurnal rainfall cycle derived from a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observational dataset. We found that the ensemble model biases of diurnal phase and amplitude over lands improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6; however, those over oceans are still highly uncertain among CMIP6 models. Evaluation with observed EOF modes shows that the CMIP6 models are bifurcated based on the second EOF (EOF2), which represents diurnal rainfall contrast of coastal regimes where large biases of phase and amplitude reside. While the model ensemble suggests that models benefit from higher resolution in simulating phase and amplitude biases, the most distinct difference between the bifurcations is that one group successfully captures prevailing nighttime rainfall over tropical islands and coasts, especially over the Maritime Continent. Convective rainfall diagnosed by cumulus parameterization is found to be responsible for such biases. Our results suggest that CMIP6 models have generally been improved in their representation of diurnal rainfall cycles; however, for coastal diurnal regimes, more study is needed to improve the model parameterization of precipitation processes interacting with islands and coastal regions as current model resolution is still too coarse to resolve them.
Using Acoustic Travel Time to Monitor the Heat Variability of Glacial Fjords
Authors: Sanchez Robert , Straneo Fiamma , Andres Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMonitoring the heat content variability of glacial fjords is crucial to understanding the effects of oceanic forcing on marine-terminating glaciers. A Pressure-sensor equipped Inverted Echo Sounder (PIES) was deployed mid-fjord in Sermilik Fjord in southeast Greenland from August 2011 to September 2012 alongside a moored array of instruments recording temperature, conductivity and velocity. Historical hydrography is used to quantify the relationship between acoustic travel time and the vertically-averaged heat content, and a new method is developed for filtering acoustic return echoes in an ice-influenced environment. We show that PIES measurements, combined with a knowledge of the fjord’s two-layer density structure, can be used to reconstruct the thickness and temperature of the inflowing water. Additionally, we find that fjord-shelf exchange events are identifiable in the travel time record implying the PIES can be used to monitor fjord circulation. Finally, we show that PIES data can be combined with moored temperature records to derive the heat content of the upper layer of the fjord where moored instruments are at great risk of being damaged by transiting icebergs.
The effect of paraprotein polymerisation on quantitation by capillary zone electrophoresis and Hevylite®
Authors: Valentine Helen , Dawnay Anne 
Published: June 2021

Objectives Up to 3% of patients with monoclonal gammopathies have multiple serum paraproteins. This article investigates whether multiple isotype-matched paraproteins, as seen on capillary zone electrophoresis, are truly biclonal. Methods Serum samples containing multiple isotype-matched paraproteins were treated with the reducing agent dithiothreitol, and capillary zone electrophoresis was performed pre- and post-treatment. Band resolution and effect of resolution on quantitation of paraprotein burden were assessed. The Hevylite® turbidimetric assay was also evaluated for ability to quantify such paraproteins. Results Among patients with biclonal isotype-matched paraproteins, 23/24 (96%) IgA paraproteins resolved into a single band following treatment with dithiothreitol compared with only 1/12 (8%) IgG paraproteins. Daratumumab therapy accounted for the second band in 5/9 non-resolving IgGκ paraproteins. Where initially quantified as a single IgA ‘complex’ (multiple bands in close proximity), the single postdithiothreitol band averaged 2.8 g/L less ( P<0.001), likely due to inclusion of lower amounts of underlying serum proteins (y = 0.97x–2.03, R2=0.993). Quantitating IgA biclonal isotype matched ( n = 58) using the Hevylite® assay gave higher results ( P = 0.002) than capillary zone electrophoresis (y = 1.48x–7.13, R2=0.959). In contrast, single IgA paraprotein results ( n = 48) did not differ between the two methods ( P = 0.466; y = 1.24x–2.74, R2=0.898), suggesting that polymerisation enhances Hevylite® quantitation. Conclusions These results suggest that disulphide-mediated polymerisation of IgA paraproteins is more common than true biclonal gammopathy and support dithiothreitol treatment of samples with isotype-matched IgA bands before quantifying by capillary zone electrophoresis. The Hevylite® assay should be utilized with caution where polymerisation is likely. Where IgGκ biclonal isotype-matched paraproteins appear on capillary zone electrophoresis, daratumumab therapy should be considered.
Dante as a Florentine lyrical author
Authors: Indizio Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

As one of the outstanding authors of medieval literature, Dante Alighieri has enjoyed seven centuries of close scholarly attention. 1 The immense success of his Comedy has prompted some modern Dante scholars to assume that such success came easily during his life, even though the Comedy was fully issued only after the poet’s death. Similar claims for rapid success are also made for the Vita nuova and some of Dante’s lyric poetry. However, although much ancient source material has been lost, the surviving evidence does not support the view that success came to Dante during his life. Close scrutiny of the manuscript sources suggests a quite different scenario: Dante as an author had to survive in a dynamic and ruthlessly competitive environment (which, by analogy with the theory of natural selection, may have helped to elicit his finest achievements). His goal was to persuade the highly educated and affluent Florentine upper class to abandon its attachment to the prevailing lyrical school, represented by the authoritative and apparently indomitable Guittone d’Arezzo and his followers. Only then would Dante and the new poets (the Stilnovisti) stand a chance of seeing their work collected in the prestigious and expensive canzonieri. Probably, on the evidence of the surviving collections and other manuscripts (Escorialense, Laur. Martelli 12, etc), Dante did not fully achieve his goal — a situation which changed, dramatically, only after the Comedy was published.
A Retrospective Review of Hospitalized Patients Receiving a Higher than Maximum Dose of Acetaminophen
Authors: Clark Alexander T. , Miller Matthew , Minns Alicia B. , Derry Katrina , Stevens Craig , Clark Richard F. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Although the 3 to 4 gram per 24 hours dose recommended for daily use are generally safe, case reports and some series raise concerns about nonacute excessive doses in some individuals. Objective: To assess the safety of dosing more than 4 grams of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period in hospitalized patients and develop a method to evaluate the ongoing practice of acetaminophen dosing. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of supratherapeutic doses of acetaminophen over a 2-year period. Outcomes included death and the need for liver transplant. A “best practices alert” (BPA) was then developed in our EMR when more than 4 grams of acetaminophen was either prescribed or administered in a 24- hour period. Twelve months of alerts were then retrospectively reviewed and evaluated. Results: 152 cases of dosing more than 4 grams were initially identified. No cases of death related to liver failure or liver transplant were found in any of these patients. 482 cases were identified after a BPA was put in place where the alert was overridden. There were no deaths and no cases that required liver transplantation due to liver failure. The majority of overrides were due to the allowed window of timing for nursing administration of acetaminophen for scheduled doses and overlap with as needed dosing. Conclusion: Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in our patients did not lead to death or liver transplant. A BPA in our EMR has allowed better evaluation of patterns of acetaminophen use at our university health system.
Detection and significance of small and low proliferation breast cancer
Authors: Hofvind Solveig , Knutsvik Gøril , Holen Åsne S , Tsuruda Kaitlyn M , Akslen Lars A 
Published: June 2021

Objectives To determine the frequency and discuss possible implications of early breast cancer with particularly good prognosis and defined by tumor diameter and cell proliferation. Setting Detection of small and slowly growing tumors presents a challenge in breast cancer management, due to the risk of over-treatment. Here, we attempted to define a group of such tumors by combining small diameter (≤10 mm, T1ab tumors) with low tumor cell proliferation (≤10% Ki67 expression rate). These tumors were termed small low proliferation cancers (SLPC). Methods Two population-based cohorts were studied: a small research series ( n = 534), and a nation-wide registry-based series of prospectively collected routine data ( n = 8433). In the latter, we stratified by detection mode; screen-detected, interval, and breast cancers detected outside of screening. Patients were treated according to national guidelines at time of their diagnosis. For both cohorts, we compared tumor histopathology and risk of breast cancer death using a log-rank test for cases with SLPC versus non-SLPC. Results In the research series (median follow-up 151 months), the frequency of SLPC was 10% (54/534), with one breast cancer death compared with 78 among the remaining 480 cases of non-SLPC ( p = 0.008). In the registry series (median follow-up 42 months), the frequency of SLPC was 10% (854/8433), with five deaths compared to 187 among the remaining 7579 cases ( p = 0.0004). Conclusions SLPC was associated with very low risk of breast cancer death. Prospective randomized trials are needed to clarify whether less aggressive treatment could be a safe option for women with such early breast cancers.
The ‘trauma’ of trauma-informed care
Authors: Isobel Sophie 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: As mental health services increasingly position themselves as providing ‘trauma-informed care’, there is a need for ongoing critical reflection on the challenges that this movement highlights for mental health services, including those related to the concept of trauma itself. Conclusions: To become trauma-informed requires opportunities to reflect on what trauma means and consideration of the challenges the concept poses to diagnostically driven systems. Alongside uptake, further debate is required.
Abametapir for the Treatment of Head Lice: A Drug Review
Authors: Woods Alexander D. , Porter Caroline L. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: June 2021

Objective This article reviews the pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and clinical importance of abametapir 0.74% (Xeglyze) for the treatment of head lice. Data Sources From 2020 to May 2021, a systematic review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted using the terms abametapir, Xeglyze, Ha44, and head lice. Bibliographies, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug package inserts, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for further information. Study Selection and Data Extraction All relevant full-text articles in English were considered for inclusion, with a final article date range of 1999 to 2020. Data Synthesis Abametapir chelates heavy metal cations and inhibits metalloproteinases critical to louse ova development, hatching, and adult survival. In phase II, abametapir had direct ovicidal activity inhibiting 100% of treated louse eggs from hatching, compared with 64% in the vehicle-treated group. In two identical phase III clinical trials, subjects treated with a single 10-minute application of abametapir had greater treatment success compared with vehicle-treated subjects, with 81.1% success versus 50.9% in study 1 ( P = 0.001) and 81.8% versus 47.2% in study 2 ( P < 0.001). Abametapir was well tolerated, with only mild adverse effects. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice Abametapir is a newly FDA-approved, single-application treatment for head lice in patients aged 6 months and older. This review highlights the safety and efficacy of abametapir in the treatment of head lice. Conclusions In the wake of increasing widespread resistance to first-line treatment options, abametapir offers a safe and effective new treatment option for head lice infestations.
The effect of face-to-face and virtual prenatal care training of spouses on the pregnancy experience and fear of childbirth of primiparous women: A controlled quasi-experimental study
Authors: Doaltabadi Zari , Amiri-Farahani Leila , Hasanpoor-Azghady Seyedeh Batool , Haghani Shima 
Published: June 2021

Introduction The spouse has a special role in promoting the health of mothers and infants during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Women's health during pregnancy requires the participation and cooperation of their spouses. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of face-to-face and virtual prenatal care training of spouses on the pregnancy experience and fear of childbirth of primiparous women. Methods This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial that was conducted on primiparous pregnant women referring to three prenatal clinics in Tehran, Iran. Sampling was done by available method and pregnant women were divided into three groups of face-to-face training ( n = 35), virtual training ( n = 35), and control ( n = 33). The content of training program in the virtual and face-to-face groups was similar and included; nutrition during pregnancy, emotional support, fetal growth and development, advantages and disadvantages of vaginal delivery, planning for delivery, infant care, and danger signs for infants, which were presented in four sessions. The samples in the control group did not receive any training. In the 18th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, the demographic information form, pregnancy experience scale, and version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaires were completed, and once again in the 37th and 38th weeks of pregnancy, the pregnancy experience scale and version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaires were completed. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of pregnancy experience after the intervention between the face-to-face training and control groups ( p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of uplifts between the two groups of face-to-face training and control ( p = 0.01), and also between virtual training and control groups ( p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of face-to-face training and control in terms of and hassles score after the intervention ( p = 0.04). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of face-to-face training and control ( p = 0.02) and also between virtual training and control ( p = 0.04) in terms of the mean score of fear of childbirth after the intervention. Conclusion The results of this study showed that teaching prenatal care to spouses of primiparous women by face-to-face and virtual methods can be a useful intervention in improving the pregnancy experience and reducing the fear of childbirth among primiparous women.