bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of receiving and providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: A five-cohort cross-sectional comparison
Authors: Bradfield Zoe , Wynter Karen , Hauck Yvonne , Vasilevski Vidanka , Kuliukas Lesley , Wilson Alyce N. , Szabo Rebecca A. , Homer Caroline S. E. , Sweet Linda 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
The global COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the way health care is delivered in many countries around the world. Evidence on the experience of those receiving or providing maternity care is important to guide practice through this challenging time.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Australia. Five key stakeholder cohorts were included to explore and compare the experiences of those receiving or providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women, their partners, midwives, medical practitioners and midwifery students who had received or provided maternity care from March 2020 onwards in Australia were recruited via social media and invited to participate in an online survey released between 13th May and 24th June 2020; a total of 3701 completed responses were received.

Findings
While anxiety related to COVID-19 was high among all five cohorts, there were statistically significant differences between the responses from each cohort for most survey items. Women were more likely to indicate concern about their own and family’s health and safety in relation to COVID-19 whereas midwives, doctors and midwifery students were more likely to be concerned about occupational exposure to COVID-19 through working in a health setting than those receiving care through attending these environments. Midwifery students and women’s partners were more likely to respond that they felt isolated because of the changes to the way care was provided. Despite concerns about care received or provided not meeting expectations, most respondents were satisfied with the quality of care provided, although midwives and midwifery students were less likely to agree.

Conclusion
This paper provides a unique exploration and comparison of experiences of receiving and providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Findings are useful to support further service changes and future service redesign. New evidence provided offers unique insight into key stakeholders’ experiences of the rapid changes to health services.
Willingness to pay for cataract surgery and associated factors among cataract patients in Outreach Site, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Seid Mohammed , Minyihun Amare , Tilahun Gizachew , Atnafu Asmamaw , Amare Getasew 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, cataract surgery is mainly provided by donors free of charge through outreach programs. Assessing willingness to pay for patients for cataract surgery will help explain how the service is valued by the beneficiaries and design a domestic source of finance to sustain a program. Although knowledge concerning willingness to pay for cataract surgery is substantive for developing a cost-recovery model, the existed knowledge is limited and not well-addressed. Therefore, the study aimed to assess willingness to pay for cataract surgery and associated factors among cataract patients in Outreach Site, North West Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional outreach-based study was conducted on 827 cataract patients selected through a simple random sampling method in Tebebe Gion Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia, from 10/11/2018 to 14/11/2018. The data were collected using a contingent valuation elicitation approach to elicit the participants’ maximum willingness to pay through face to face questionnaire interviews. The descriptive data were organized and presented using summary statistics, frequency distribution tables, and figures accordingly. Factors assumed to be associate with a willingness to pay were identified using a Tobit regression model with a p-value of <0.05 and confidence interval (CI ≠ 0).ResultsThe study involved 827 cataract patients, and their median age was 65years. About 55% of the participants were willing to pay for the surgery. The average amount of money willing to pay was 17.5USD (95% CI; 10.5, 35.00) and It was significantly associated with being still worker (β = 26.66, 95% CI: 13.03, 40.29), being educated (β = 29.16, 95% CI: 2.35, 55.97), free from ocular morbidity (β = 28.48, 95% CI: 1.08, 55.90), duration with the condition, (β = -1.69, 95% CI: -3.32, -0.07), admission laterality (β = 21.21, 95% CI: 3.65, 38.77) and remained visual ability (β = -0.29, 95% CI (-0.55, -0.04).ConclusionsParticipants’ willingness to pay for cataract surgery in outreach Sites is much lower than the surgery’s actual cost. Early intervention and developing a cost-recovery model with multi-tiered packages attributed to the neediest people as in retired, less educated, severely disabled is strategic to increase the demand for service uptake and service accessibility.
Baseline clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≤ 65 years: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Betti Marta , Bertolotti Marinella , Ferrante Daniela , Roveta Annalisa , Pelazza Carolina , Giacchero Fabio , Penpa Serena , Massarino Costanza , Bolgeo Tatiana , Cassinari Antonella , Mussa Marco , Chichino Guido , Maconi Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Background
Individual differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatology and clinical manifestation of COVID-19 have thus far been observed but little is known about the prognostic factors of young patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 171 patients aged ≤ 65 years hospitalized in Alessandria’s Hospital from 1st March to 30th April 2020 with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Epidemiological data, symptoms at onset, clinical manifestations, Charlson Comorbidity Index, laboratory parameters, radiological findings and complications were considered. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of COVID-19 severity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish factors associated with the development of a moderate or severe disease.

Findings
A total of 171 patients (89 with mild/moderate disease, 82 with severe/critical disease), of which 61% males and a mean age (± SD) of 53.6 (± 9.7) were included. The multivariable logistic model identified age (50–65 vs 18–49; OR = 3.23 CI95% 1.42–7.37), platelet count (per 100 units of increase OR = 0.61 CI95% 0.42–0.89), c-reactive protein (CPR) (per unit of increase OR = 1.12 CI95% 1.06–1.20) as risk factors for severe or critical disease. The multivariable logistic model showed a good discriminating capacity with a C-index value of 0.76.

Interpretation
Patients aged ≥ 50 years with low platelet count and high CRP are more likely to develop severe or critical illness. These findings might contribute to improved clinical management.
Improved detection of air trapping on expiratory computed tomography using deep learning
Authors: Ram Sundaresh , Hoff Benjamin A. , Bell Alexander J. , Galban Stefanie , Fortuna Aleksa B. , Weinheimer Oliver , Wielpütz Mark O. , Robinson Terry E. , Newman Beverley , Vummidi Dharshan , Chughtai Aamer , Kazerooni Ella A. , Johnson Timothy D. , Han MeiLan K. , Hatt Charles R. , Galban Craig J. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Radiologic evidence of air trapping (AT) on expiratory computed tomography (CT) scans is associated with early pulmonary dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, standard techniques for quantitative assessment of AT are highly variable, resulting in limited efficacy for monitoring disease progression.

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for quantifying and monitoring AT, and to compare it with other quantitative AT measures obtained from threshold-based techniques.

Materials and methods
Paired volumetric whole lung inspiratory and expiratory CT scans were obtained at four time points (0, 3, 12 and 24 months) on 36 subjects with mild CF lung disease. A densely connected CNN (DN) was trained using AT segmentation maps generated from a personalized threshold-based method (PTM). Quantitative AT (QAT) values, presented as the relative volume of AT over the lungs, from the DN approach were compared to QAT values from the PTM method. Radiographic assessment, spirometric measures, and clinical scores were correlated to the DN QAT values using a linear mixed effects model.

Results
QAT values from the DN were found to increase from 8.65% ± 1.38% to 21.38% ± 1.82%, respectively, over a two-year period. Comparison of CNN model results to intensity-based measures demonstrated a systematic drop in the Dice coefficient over time (decreased from 0.86 ± 0.03 to 0.45 ± 0.04). The trends observed in DN QAT values were consistent with clinical scores for AT, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugging. In addition, the DN approach was found to be less susceptible to variations in expiratory deflation levels than the threshold-based approach.

Conclusion
The CNN model effectively delineated AT on expiratory CT scans, which provides an automated and objective approach for assessing and monitoring AT in CF patients.
Power Conversion System for Hybrid Battery-Capacitor Storage
Authors: Serna-Garcés Sergio Ignacio , Ramos-Paja Carlos Andrés , Gonzalez-Montoya Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Context: Thanks to the low emissions of CO2 generated by electric systems, those solutions have anincreased attention from industry and academia. However, the electrical storage systems required in alarge amount of applications must to have both high energy and power densities.
Method: To meet those requirements, this paper proposes an active hybrid energy storage system(HESS), which is formed by a battery, i.e. the device with high energy density, and a capacitor, i.e. the device with high power capability. The proposed power system also protects the battery by limiting the current derivative.
Results: Two sliding-mode controllers (SMC) are designed to regulate both the battery current and the load voltage. The design process guarantees the global stability and safe battery operation.
Conclusions: The controller avoids the battery degradation caused by the high-frequency current components since the capacitor assumes those components demanded by the load profile.
O conhecimento em Vigotski: uma contribuição à compreensão do referencial histórico-cultural
Authors: Pires de Camargo Eder , Galbiatti Douglas Augusto 
Published: March 2021

Nesse artigo abordamos pontos chave acerca do tema do conhecimento segundo a perspectiva vigotskiana, tais como: apropriação do conhecimento, parceiro mais capaz e desenvolvimento do pensamento. Expomos assim, segundo essa teoria, as formas pelas quais o conhecimento é formulado e internalizado pelos seres humanos. Almejamos, dessa forma, elucidar as vias de formação e desenvolvimento intelectual dos indivíduos, embasados nas investigações experimentais de Vigotski e seus colaboradores. Para esse autor, o conhecimento é um produto essencialmente cultural, que é internalizado pelos indivíduos devido às interações sociais existentes entre eles e, em especial, os reconhecidos “parceiros mais capazes”. Salientamos, ainda, que as contribuições presentes nesse artigo são de cunho teórico.
Unblocking tapones and finding pleasant places
Authors: Garcia Ofelia 
Published: March 2021

Tapón is the word that comes to mind when I think about this piece. The tapón of my bathtub in Cuba when I was a child that prevented the water from streaming out. The tapón of the traffic jams in Puerto Rico, leaving my mother-in-law´s house to go anywhere, as the traffic stopped flowing. And the tapón I feel today, in NYC, in the midst of a pandemic that has hit poor communities of color the hardest, and as a smooth transition to a new president has been slowed down by lies and innuendos of fraud. I have written many academic articles, but never have I struggled with the tapón I have felt in writing this piece that urged me to take a “viaje a la semilla,” the title of a book by Alejo Carpentier, a Cuban author. Taking a trip ‘to the seed of it all’ is painful, and I have resisted lifting the tapón that has kept me from looking inward, linking my today with my past. I thank Sonia Nieto, a beacon and inspiration to all Latinas and all educators, for asking me to unclog memories of who I am, and how my who is related to the work in which I have engaged. In so doing, I recognize those who have been with me in the streams of my life as a woman, a student, a mother, a wife, a grandmother, a teacher, an academic. As I have done so, I have realized more than ever that as Psalm 16 says: “The lines have fallen for me in pleasant places,” and it has been my family, teachers, colleagues and students who have given me more than I deserve. [Download the PDF to read more about Dr. Garcia's journey and wisdom]
Laser toys fail to comply with safety standards – case study based on laser product classification
Authors: Mlynczak Jaroslaw 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article describes the laser safety classification of a laser toy for children equipped with a laser aimer/illuminator with two radiation sources. Following the rules presented in EN 60825-1: 2014 standard, the tests and measurements of the accessible emission were carried out and the class of the laser product was determined to be 3R. It was shown that the laser toy does not comply with the requirements of the EN 62115: 2020 standard and the Public Health England Guidance. The potential hazards associated with Class 3R, indicated in the EN 60825-1: 2014 standard, are also discussed.
Wir müssen abwägen – aber wie sollen wir abwägen?
Authors: Wingert Lutz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe global Covid-19 crisis raises at least three moral questions, which my contribution answers as follows: (1) Which patient should get treatment according to triage criteria? The patient whose treatment has the best prospect of success. (2) How should we resolve the conflict between public health measures and economic needs? Public health should have priority, but reaches its limits where the individual right to stay afloat through one’s own work is violated. (3) How should we resolve the conflict between public health measures and civil liberties? Public health should have priority, but reaches its limits where the restriction of freedom violates the integrity of individual health and personal freedom. The answers and the arguments behind these are developed through the discussion of a wide range of current public health policies, concrete measures, and competing approaches to moral questions in the Covid-19 pandemic.
When is the Best Time to Learn? – Evidence from an Introductory Statistics Course
Authors: Massing Till , Reckmann Natalie , Blasberg Alexander , Otto Benjamin , Hanck Christoph , Goedicke Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We analyze learning data of an e-assessment platform for an introductory mathematical statistics course, more specifically the time of the day when students learn and the time they spend with exercises. We propose statistical models to predict students’ success and to describe their behavior with a special focus on the following aspects. First, we find that learning during daytime and not at nighttime is a relevant variable for predicting success in final exams. Second, we observe that good and very good students tend to learn in the afternoon, while some students who failed our course were more likely to study at night but not successfully so. Third, we discuss the average time spent on exercises. Regarding this, students who participated in an exam spent more time doing exercises than students who dropped the course before.
Prediction Model of Magnetorheological (MR) Fluid Damper Hysteresis Loop using Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm
Authors: Saharuddin K. D. , Ariff M. H. M. , Mohmad K. , Bahiuddin I. , Ubaidillah  , Mazlan S. A. , Nazmi N. , Fatah A. Y. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is among the smart materials that can change its default properties with the influence of a magnetic field. Typical application of an MR fluid based device involves an adjustable damper which is commercially known as an MR fluid damper. It is used in vibration control as an isolator in vehicles and civil engineering applications. As part of the device development process, proper understanding of the device properties is essential for reliable device performance analysis. This study introduce an accurate and fast prediction model to analyse the dynamic characteristics of the MR fluid damper. This study proposes a new modelling technique called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to predict the dynamic behaviour of an MR fluid damper hysteresis loop. This technique was adopted to overcome the limitations of the existing models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The results indicate that the ELM is extremely faster than ANN, with the capability to produce high accuracy prediction performance. Here, the hysteresis loop, which represents the relationship of force-displacement for the MR fluid damper, was modelled and compared using three different activation functions, namely, sine, sigmoid and hard limit. Based on the results, it was found that the prediction performance of ELM model using the sigmoid activation functions produced highest accuracy, and the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
Geochemistry of the Madawara Igneous Complex, BundelkhandCraton, Central India: Implications for PGE Metallogeny
Authors: Manavalan Satyanarayanan , Singh Surya Prakash , Balaram Vysetti , Niranjan Mohanty 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The southern part of the Bundelkhand cratoncontains a series of a E-W trending mafic and ultramaficrocks, about 40 km in length and 2–4 km wide, that occuras intrusions within the Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex(BnGC). They are confined between the Madawara-Karitoran and Sonrai-Girar shear zones. Dunite, harzburgite,lherzolite and websterite are the commonly occurringultramafic rocks that have high MgO, Ni, Cr, PGE andlow Al2O3, CaO, K2O, TiO2 and V contents, and showsperidotitic affinity. A distinct trend of crystallization fromperidotite to komatiitic basalt has been inferred from geochemicalplots, which also indicates the occurrence ofat least two varieties among the ultramafic suite of theMadawara ultramafic complex, namely, Group I comprisingdunite, spinel peridotite, harzburgite and lherzolite,and Group II consisting of pyroxenite, websterite andolivine websterite. In several places, the rocks of Group IIhave an intrusive relationship with Group I, and are relativelyenriched in total platinum group elements (PGE ~300 ppb). The discrimination diagrams suggest that thePGE are enriched in low sulphur-fugacity source magma atmoderate to deeper depths by high degree of partial meltingof the mantle.
Evaluation of some sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality
Authors: Aboelkassem Khaled Mohamed , Ahmed Asmaa Abd-EL-Halime , Abdelsatar Mohamed Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate agronomic performance and oil quality of seven sunflower genotypes at Shandaweel Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Sohag, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons. These genetic materials were sown in a randomized complete block design having three replications. Significant genetic variations among evaluated sunflower genotypes for agronomic traits and oil quality were observed. The superior sunflower genotypes were Line 120 for seed yield per hectare (3102.38 kg), Sakha 53 for seed oil content (44.63 %) and Line 125 for oil quality where it contained the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (89.20 %). The phenotypic coefficients of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all studied traits. High heritability (exceeded 60%) and genetic advance as percent of mean (ranged from medium to high, exceeded 10%) was observed for most studied traits. Seed yield per plant positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, and 100-seed weight and most chemical traits at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Maximum phenotypic direct effects on seed yield per plant were observed for 100-seed weight, head diameter and total unsaturated fatty acids. While, the highest genotypic direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed for head diameter. Hence, most studied traits could be employed as selection criteria for improving evaluated sunflower genotypes.
Employing satire and humor in facing a pandemic
Authors: Zekavat Massih 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research employs the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Focus Theory of Normative Conduct to convey howThe Late Show with Stephen Colbertemploys humor and satire with the aim of providing information, proffering injunctive norms, and modifying attitudes and subjective norms in its public audience, while exposing the inefficacy of behavioral controls and urging public authorities to adopt effective ones instead. In the earlier stages of the pandemic in the US, theShowprimarily appealed to people to change their behavior through providing information, invoking injunctive norms and affiliations, foregrounding appropriate attitudes and subjective norms; at the same time, its repertoire included social and political satire drawing on organizational and institutional mechanisms of behavioral control. As the health crisis became increasingly politicized, theShowredirected its satire to policies and political figures and sought to change the behavior of policymakers in setting proper role models and adopting wiser behavioral controls to lead the nation through the crisis. Meanwhile, individual responsibility was never spared in satiric attempts to change behavior as theShowcontinued to provide its audience with new scientific information and encouraged them to follow scientific recommendations.
Bayesian approaches to variable selection: a comparative study from practical perspectives
Authors: Lu Zihang , Lou Wendy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In many clinical studies, researchers are interested in parsimonious models that simultaneously achieve consistent variable selection and optimal prediction. The resulting parsimonious models will facilitate meaningful biological interpretation and scientific findings. Variable selection via Bayesian inference has been receiving significant advancement in recent years. Despite its increasing popularity, there is limited practical guidance for implementing these Bayesian approaches and evaluating their comparative performance in clinical datasets. In this paper, we review several commonly used Bayesian approaches to variable selection, with emphasis on application and implementation through R software. These approaches can be roughly categorized into four classes: namely the Bayesian model selection, spike-and-slab priors, shrinkage priors, and the hybrid of both. To evaluate their variable selection performance under various scenarios, we compare these four classes of approaches using real and simulated datasets. These results provide practical guidance to researchers who are interested in applying Bayesian approaches for the purpose of variable selection.