bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic properties and antioxidant activities of cream cheeses fortified with dried curry leaves (Murraya koenigii L.) powder
Authors: Weragama Dilshani , Weerasingha Viraj , Jayasumana Lakmini , Adikari Jayantha , Vidanarachchi Janak K. , Priyashantha Hasitha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of dried curry leaves powder (CLP) incorporation on physicochemical, microbiological, antioxidant, and sensory properties of cream cheeses. Varying levels of CLP infusions (i.e., T1: 0% [control], T2: 0.15%, T3: 0.2%, and T4: 0.25%; w/w%) were stored for 10 days at 4°C. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using total phenolic content, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, and ferric reducing antioxidant power using in vitro assays. Total antioxidant capacity significantly (p < .05) increased with the increasing levels of CLP. Physicochemical and microbiological qualities were not significantly affected by the addition of CLP, indicating the suitability of using CLP without compromising the quality of cream cheese. Organoleptic properties were affected with CLP addition, where T3 had the highest scores for color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The principal component analysis provides the holistic approach of studying the variation associated with cream cheeses and the overall relationship among studied parameters. This provides strong references for novel dairy products added with antioxidant‐rich Murraya koenigii L. powder. The study also has merits to promote scientific knowledge concerning, and how the incorporation would influence the physicochemical, organoleptic, and microbiological properties of cream cheese to deliver the value‐added or diversified product to emerging consumers.
The effect of Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on foster care admissions
Authors: Beland Louis‐Philippe , Huh Jason , Kim Dongwoo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent papers have documented positive externalities of Medicaid expansions on several non‐health related variables, such as crime, financial stress, child support, and child abuse. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between access to public health insurance and foster care admissions following state decisions to expand Medicaid coverage after the Affordable Care Act. Over 70% of all foster care admissions are related to child abuse incidents, which have been found to decrease following the Medicaid expansions. Our results suggest that the Medicaid expansions are associated with a large decrease in foster care admissions, driven by neglect incidents.
A study on usability and design parameters in face mask: Concept design of UVW face mask for COVID‐19 protection
Authors: Ipaki Bahram , Merrikhpour Zahra , Taheri Rizi Mohammad S. , Torkashvand Saman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the usability of conventional masks to prevent the transmission of coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) and subsequently design the proposed concept of the mask to reduce leakage and increase efficiency. Acute respiratory syndrome COVID‐19 is spreading around the world and can be transmitted from one person with COVID‐19 to another through personal contact and breathing. Improper design of current masks can lead to virus transmission. One hundred fifteen users participated in the study using a simple random sampling method in which N95–FFP2 face mask and surgery face mask usability tests were chosen as the most widely used face masks in Iranian people with an online usability questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS. The results showed that the usability of the N95–FFP2 face mask with a total average of 4.46 and a surgical mask with a total average of 3.35 cannot be considered acceptable. Anthropometric and formal changes in people's faces and improper design of the face masks used make it necessary to review the mask redesign measures to increase the prevention of pathogens. In this study, new parameters for face mask design are proposed. Thirty different types of jaws have been considered with the help of CorelDRAW software, along with ideas for optimal mask design with UVW mask concept to be accessed by manufacturers around the world.
Cyclic Haloiodanes: Syntheses, Applications and Fundamental Studies
Authors: Robidas Raphaël , Legault Claude Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypervalent iodine reagents are powerful tools in contemporary organic synthesis. They have found numerous applications in modern oxidative transformations. The unique reactivity of hypervalent iodine allows access to unconventional electrophilic synthons. For example, electrophilic halogenation chemistry has been greatly expanded by the study of various haloiodanes. Cyclic λ3‐haloiodanes are versatile reagents which can promote reactions such as halogenations, halocyclizations and oxidations. Their peculiar reactivity sets them apart from traditional sources of electrophilic halogens. Furthermore, they offer a broad range of reactivities which have been exploited in more diversified transformations. This review summarizes the different syntheses and derivatives of these cyclic haloiodanes, their applications and mechanistic insights as well as the relevant computational, structural and kinetic studies.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides with N,N‐Dialkylformamide Acetals
Authors: Hirata Shuichi , Osako Takao , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe developed a protocol for the palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl halides using less‐toxic formamide acetals as bench‐stable aminocarbonyl sources under neutral conditions. Various aryl (including heteroaryl) halides reacted with N,N‐dialkylformamide acetals in the presence of a catalytic amount of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)‐chloroform adduct and xantphos to give the corresponding aromatic carboxamides at 90–140 °C without any activating agents or bases in up to quantitative chemical yield. This protocol was applied to aryl bromides, aryl iodides, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, as well as to relatively less‐reactive aryl chlorides. A wide range of functionalities on the aromatic ring of the substrates were tolerated under the aminocarbonylation conditions. The catalytic aminocarbonylation was used to prepare the insect repellent N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide as well as a synthetic intermediate of the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor triazinate.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on viral hepatitis in Africa: Challenges and way forward
Authors: Ismail Zainab , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Oyeyemi Ajagbe Abayomi , Khan Hiba , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Saha Anwesha , Akah Blessing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the overwhelming COVID‐19 pandemic in Africa, many other severe epidemics have been given low priority, such as viral hepatitis. Patient mortality due to viral hepatitis has raised concern to COVID‐19 patients due to compromise with undiagnosed hepatitis in Africa. The pandemic has worsened the control of the viral hepatitis epidemic as healthcare control facilities have moved their focus towards curbing COVID‐19 infections. However, different challenges have arisen to viral hepatitis patients because of low health attention that declines the progress of already diagnosed hepatitis patients. Follow‐up plans, routine testing and treatment plans for viral hepatitis are no longer as strict with the human resources transferred towards combating the pandemic. Thus, a global effort is required to abide by renewed recommendations to eradicate viral hepatitis in Africa that also fit the current picture of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The article discusses the current challenges viral hepatitis patients faced during the COVID‐19 pandemic and important recommendations that can see through these challenges in Africa.
The implications of permafrost thaw and land cover change on snow water equivalent accumulation, melt and runoff in discontinuous permafrost peatlands
Authors: Connon Ryan F. , Chasmer Laura , Haughton Emily , Helbig Manuel , Hopkinson Chris , Sonnentag Oliver , Quinton William L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, snow covers the ground surface for half the year. Snowmelt constitutes a primary source of moisture supply for the short growing season and strongly influences stream hydrographs. Permafrost thaw has changed the landscape by increasing the proportional coverage of permafrost‐free wetlands at the expense of permafrost‐cored peat plateau forests. The biophysical characteristics of each feature affect snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation and melt rates. In headwater streams in the southern Dehcho region of the NWT, snowmelt runoff has significantly increased over the past 50 years, despite no significant change in annual SWE. At the Fort Simpson A climate station, we found that SWE measurements made by Environment and Climate Change Canada using a Nipher precipitation gauge were more accurate than the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset which was derived from snow depth measurements. Here, we: (a) provide 13 years of snow survey data to demonstrate differences in end‐of‐season SWE between wetlands and plateau forests; (b) provide ablation stake and radiation measurements to document differences in snow melt patterns among wetlands, plateau forests, and upland forests; and (c) evaluate the potential impact of permafrost‐thaw induced wetland expansion on SWE accumulation, melt, and runoff. We found that plateaus retain significantly (p < 0.01) more SWE than wetlands. However, the differences are too small (123 mm and 111 mm, respectively) to cause any substantial change in basin SWE. During the snowmelt period in 2015, wetlands were the first feature to become snow‐free in mid‐April, followed by plateau forests (7 days after wetlands) and upland forests (18 days after wetlands). A transition to a higher percentage cover of wetlands may lead to more rapid snowmelt and provide a more hydrologically‐connected landscape, a plausible mechanism driving the observed increase in spring freshet runoff.
Mechanistic approach and elements of metacommunity structure of the zooplankton of palm swamps in the Neotropical region
Authors: Richard Pedroso Clemerson , Miranda Lansac‐Tôha Fernando , Mantovano Tatiane , Amodêo Lansac‐Tôha Fábio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies of metacommunities are of great importance for ecological knowledge because they assess how the processes related to the species' niche and the dispersion processes structure the communities. In this context, the objective of the present study was to investigate the main assembly mechanisms responsible for the structuring of the zooplankton community in a complex of neotropical palm swamps (“veredas”), consisting of sets of small common ponds in the Brazilian savannah, similar to swamps. Zooplankton were sampled in the pelagic region of 15 veredas in April 2018. The zooplankton total community showed a distribution related to spatial and environmental factors. For Rotifera the relative importance of environmental factors was greater, while Cladocera and Copepoda were more structured by space. The community was still structured according to the Gleasonian model of distribution, where Rotifera presented a Gleasonian structure, Cladocera quasi‐Gleasonian, and Copepoda quasi‐nested random. The influence of environmental and spatial factors and the resulting structure of the zooplankton metacommunity seem to be directly related to the dispersal capacity in each group. Differences in relative importance of the factors that shaped the community highlight the idiosyncratic characteristics of zooplankton species. Thus, we emphasize the importance of using the two approaches of metacommunity studies to help to elucidate the processes that govern the structuring of metacommunities.
The effects of thirdhand smoke on reproductive health
Authors: Liu Huage , Chen Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTobacco smoke is an environmental pollutant that can cause follicle destruction and oocyte dysfunction. Thirdhand smoke (THS) is residual tobacco smoke existing in the environment long after cigarettes have been extinguished, which can react with other environmental compounds to produce secondary pollutants. THS contains a variety of toxic and harmful chemicals, such as nicotine and 1‐(N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridinyl)‐4‐butanal (NNA), a logical biomarker of THS exposure. The health hazards of THS exposure and its components have been researched in recent years. In this review, we have summarized research progress on the effects of THS exposure on organs in mice and humans especially on the reproductive system. This review may help evaluate the health risks of THS, in particular reproduction and offspring health. We hope this review will guide public health education on the dangers of THS exposure and promotion of healthy living habits.
Relations Between Bone Quantity, Microarchitecture, and Collagen Cross‐links on Mechanics Following In Vivo Irradiation in Mice
Authors: Pendleton Megan M , Emerzian Shannon R , Sadoughi Saghi , Li Alfred , Liu Jennifer W , Tang Simon Y , O'Connell Grace D , Sibonga Jean D , Alwood Joshua S , Keaveny Tony M 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTHumans are exposed to ionizing radiation via spaceflight or cancer radiotherapy, and exposure from radiotherapy is known to increase risk of skeletal fractures. Although irradiation can reduce trabecular bone mass, alter trabecular microarchitecture, and increase collagen cross‐linking, the relative contributions of these effects to any loss of mechanical integrity remain unclear. To provide insight, while addressing both the monotonic strength and cyclic‐loading fatigue life, we conducted total‐body, acute, gamma‐irradiation experiments on skeletally mature (17‐week‐old) C57BL/6J male mice (n = 84). Mice were administered doses of either 0 Gy (sham), 1 Gy (motivated by cumulative exposures from a Mars mission), or 5 Gy (motivated by clinical therapy regimens) with retrieval of the lumbar vertebrae at either a short‐term (11‐day) or long‐term (12‐week) time point after exposure. Micro‐computed tomography was used to assess trabecular and cortical quantity and architecture, biochemical composition assays were used to assess collagen quality, and mechanical testing was performed to evaluate vertebral compressive strength and fatigue life. At 11 days post‐exposure, 5 Gy irradiation significantly reduced trabecular mass (p < 0.001), altered microarchitecture (eg, connectivity density p < 0.001), and increased collagen cross‐links (p < 0.001). Despite these changes, vertebral strength (p = 0.745) and fatigue life (p = 0.332) remained unaltered. At 12 weeks after 5 Gy exposure, the trends in trabecular bone persisted; in addition, regardless of irradiation, cortical thickness (p < 0.01) and fatigue life (p < 0.01) decreased. These results demonstrate that the highly significant effects of 5 Gy total‐body irradiation on the trabecular bone morphology and collagen cross‐links did not translate into detectable effects on vertebral mechanics. The only mechanical deficits observed were associated with aging. Together, these vertebral results suggest that for spaceflight, irradiation alone will likely not alter failure properties, and for radiotherapy, more investigations that include post‐exposure time as a positive control and testing of both failure modalities are needed to determine the cause of increased fracture risk. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Romosozumab Followed by Antiresorptive Treatment Increases the Probability of Achieving Bone Mineral Density Treatment Goals
Authors: Cosman Felicia , Libanati Cesar , Deignan Cynthia , Yu Zhigang , Wang Zhenxun , Ferrari Serge , Beck Jensen Jens‐Erik , Peris Pilar , Bertoldo Francesco , Lespessailles Eric , Hesse Eric , Cummings Steven R 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIncreases in bone mineral density (BMD) with osteoporosis treatment are associated with reduced fracture risk. Increasing BMD is therefore a goal of osteoporosis therapy. Here, we compare the probability of achieving a T‐score of > −2.5 over 3 years at the total hip (TH) or lumbar spine (LS) in women with osteoporosis, ≥55 years of age, after the following treatment sequences: 1 year romosozumab followed by 2 years denosumab (FRAME and FRAME extension trials), 1 year romosozumab followed by 2 years alendronate, or alendronate‐only for 3 years (ARCH trial). Probabilities of attaining the BMD target within 1 year of treatment were also determined. At both skeletal sites, in women with a baseline Tscore ≥ −2.7, there was >50% probability of achieving the BMD target with any 3‐year regimen. The probability of achieving the target BMD in those with a baseline TH Tscore equal to −3.0 was 61% with romosozumab/denosumab, 38% with romosozumab/alendronate, and 9% with alendronate. In those with a baseline LS Tscore equal to −3.0, the probability of achieving a T‐score > −2.5 was 93% with romosozumab/denosumab, 81% with romosozumab/alendronate, and 55% with alendronate. With 1 year of treatment, in patients with a baseline TH T‐score equal to −2.7, the probability of reaching the target Tscore with romosozumab was 71% to 78% and 38% with alendronate. For patients with an initial LS T‐score equal to −3.0, the probability of achieving the target T‐score over 1 year was 85% to 86% with romosozumab and 25% for alendronate. Our findings suggest baseline BMD and the probability of achieving BMD T‐score goals are factors to consider when selecting initial treatment for patients with osteoporosis. As baseline T‐score falls below −2.7 (TH) and −3.0 (LS), alendronate has <50% likelihood of achieving a BMD goal above osteoporosis range, whereas these probabilities remain relatively high for regimens beginning with romosozumab. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Preconditioning the rat heart with 5‐azacytidine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial KATP signaling axis
Authors: Boovarahan Sri Rahavi , Kurian Gino A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract5‐Azacytidine is well known for its clinical usage in cancer treatments. The present study investigates the role of 5‐azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The cardioprotective effect of 5‐azacytidine was evaluated in three experimental models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The cardioprotective effect was evaluated via cell viability, hemodynamic indices, infarct size measurement, and assessment of histopathology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. The experiments were repeated in the presence of PI3K/GSK3β and mitochondrial KATP (mtKATP) cardioprotective signaling pathway inhibitors to understand the underlying mechanism. 5‐Azacytidine improved the cell viability by 29% in I/R‐challenged H9C2 cells. Both isolated rat heart and LAD ligation model confirmed the infarct sparing effect of 5‐azacytidine against I/R. It also provided a beneficial effect by normalizing the altered hemodynamics, reducing the infarct size and cardiac injury markers, reversing the perturbation of mitochondria, reduced oxidative stress, and improved the pPI3K and pAKT protein expression from I/R. In addition, it also augmented the activation of PI3K/AKT and mtKATP signaling pathway, confirmed by using wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor), SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor), and glibenclamide (mtKATP channel closer). The effectiveness of 5‐azacytidine as a cardioprotective agent is attributed to its activation of the PI3K/GSK3β and mtKATP channel signaling axis, thereby preserving mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.
HPV infections in retinoblastoma: a systematic review
Authors: Soltani Saber , Tabibzadeh Alireza , Yousefi Parastoo , Zandi Milad , Zakeri Armin , Akhavan Rezayat Sara , Ramezani Akam , Esghaei Maryam , Farahani Abbas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children less than 4 years. Retinoblastoma (RB) contains about 3%–5% of all childhood cancers. Recent studies demonstrated that interacting between RB tumor suppressor and oncoproteins of DNA tumor viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV). The objective of the current systematic review study was to present conducted studies in the field of HPV infection and its possible role in retinoblastoma.MethodsFor this systematic review, all relevant original research studies were assessed by searching in electronic databases include PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science by using relevant keywords. The study was designed based on the PRISMA criteria. All publications with English literature and original researches are considered for screening.ResultsConducted search results lead to 4070 studies. The title and abstract screening lead to 11 studies. Data extraction was performed on 8 included studies. The prevalence of the HPV was ranged from 0 to 69%, and HPV genotype 16 and 18 were the most detected types. The most used method for the detection of the viruses was PCR, and the most assessed sample was formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks.ConclusionThe association between HPV and retinoblastoma is still inconsistent. The prevalence of the HPV in RB was ranged from 0 to 69%, which indicates a wide range and highlights the importance of further investigation for more accurate statistical of HPV prevalence in RB. Thus, further worldwide studies of larger sample sizes of cohorts should be investigated to clarify this uncertainty.
Engineered exosomes for co‐delivery of PGM5‐AS1 and oxaliplatin to reverse drug resistance in colon cancer
Authors: Hui Bingqing , Lu Chen , Wang Jing , Xu Yetao , Yang Yuchen , Ji Hao , Li Xiaofei , Xu Lingyan , Wang Jiawei , Tang Weiwei , Wang Keming , Gu Yanhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOxaliplatin resistance inevitably occurs in almost all cases of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is important to study the roles of lncRNAs and their specific regulatory mechanisms in oxaliplatin resistance. Exosomes are increasingly designed for drug or functional nucleic acid delivery due to their properties, thereby improving the effectiveness of cancer therapy. The results of this study show that the low expression of PGM5 antisense RNA 1 (PGM5‐AS1) in colon cancer is induced by transcription inhibitor, GFI1B. PGM5‐AS1 prevents proliferation, migration, and acquired oxaliplatin tolerance of colon cancer cells. Exosomes encapsulating oxaliplatin and PGM5‐AS1 can reverse drug resistance. For identifying differentially expressed target genes regarding PGM5‐AS1, RNA transcriptome sequencing was performed. The mechanism by which PGM5‐AS1 regulates its target genes was explored by performing experiments such as fluorescent in situ hybridization assay, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. The results show that by recruiting SRSF3, PGM5‐AS1 activates alternate splicing to downregulate PAEP expression. For hsa‐miR‐423‐5p, PGM5‐AS1 can also act as a sponge to upregulate the NME1 expression.