bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cyclone Amphan on the water, sanitation, hygiene, and health (WASH2) facilities of coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Rafa Nazifa , Jubayer Abu , Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The vulnerability of the underfunded water, sanitation, hygiene, and health (WASH2) facilities, particularly in the developing nations, is exacerbated by natural disasters. This study assessed the impacts of Amphan on the WASH2 facilities of the affected coastal areas of Bangladesh via a structured questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, and direct observation. The study reported that Amphan destroyed WASH2 facilities, where only 20% of the respondents were receiving WASH2 services afterwards. Many respondents had to rely on unsafe water sources after the cyclone hit. While the respondents used different kinds of water treatment methods, three-quarters of the respondents reported issues related to odor, taste, color, and/or others. The majority had to practice open defecation due to damage done to sanitation facilities. Amphan has also resulted in an onslaught of several WASH2 diseases in the study area, primarily skin disease and diarrhea. The study has exhibited how intense natural disasters can completely render WASH2 facilities useless, causing the communities affected to switch to unsafe practices to meet their needs. The affected communities are in urgent need of adequate and sustainable WASH2 facilities.
Indigenous knowledge systems based climate governance in water and land resource management in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Mugambiwa S. S. , Makhubele J. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper interrogates indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) based climate governance in water and land resource management in under-resourced areas of Zimbabwe. Water and land resources are fundamental for smallholder farmers and their productivity. The concept of IKS plays a significant role in climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe's rural communities. Climate change has a considerable influence on the success of agricultural production in the rural communities of Zimbabwe. Hence, it becomes fundamental to assess the community-based methods of climate governance. Qualitative multiple case study exploratory designs were employed with data collected through individual interviews with smallholder farmers, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. This study found that enhancing and embracing IKS is of paramount importance for inclusion in local-level strategies in the development process with special reference to climate governance in water and land resource management, particularly in under-resourced communities. It also established that the use of IKS enhances communities' adaptive capacity and it should not be conducted at the expense of scientific methods but rather should be employed in order to complement the existing scientific global knowledge systems.
Water table dynamics beneath onsite wastewater systems in eastern North Carolina in response to Hurricane Florence
Authors: Humphrey Jr. Charles , Dillane Danielle , Iverson Guy , O'Driscoll Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOnsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are commonly used in eastern North Carolina. A vadose zone or vertical separation distance (VSD) between the OWTS drainfield trenches and groundwater is required for effective aerobic wastewater treatment. Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, can deliver significant rainfall that influences groundwater levels and reduces the VSD, thus also influencing the treatment of wastewater by the OWTS. Few studies have quantified the effects of storms on the VSD. Groundwater levels at three sites with the OWTS were monitored before, during, and after Hurricane Florence. Groundwater rose over 1.5 m within 9 h at the sites in response to rain from the hurricane but took more than 3.5 weeks to return to prestorm levels. Groundwater inundated the drainfield trenches for several days at two sites leading to direct discharge of wastewater to groundwater. The hydraulic gradient and the groundwater velocity increased during the storm and the groundwater flow direction shifted, leading to greater dispersion of wastewater impacted groundwater. The wastewater treatment efficiency of the soil-based OWTS in coastal areas may lessen over time because of rising water tables and reduced VSD. Individual pretreatment OWTSs, elevated drainfields, or centralized sewage treatment may be required in regions with shrinking VSDs.
Experimental investigations for assessing the influence of fly ash on the flow through porous media in Darcy regime
Authors: Chandel Abhishish , Shankar Vijay , Alam M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity plays a vital role in the studies encompassing explorations on flow and porous media. The study investigates the compaction characteristics of a river sand (Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar rivers) and fly ash mix in different proportions and evaluates four empirical equations for estimating hydraulic conductivity. Experiments show that an increase in the fly ash content results in a decrease in the maximum dry density (MDD) and an increase in the corresponding optimum moisture content (OMC) of sand–fly ash samples. MDD at optimum fly ash content was achieved at low water content, which resulted in less dry unit weight than that of typical conventional fill. In Beas, Sutlej, and Ghaggar sands the optimum fly ash content up to which the hydraulic conductivity value reduced uniformly was found to be 30, 45, and 40%, respectively. Any further increase in the fly ash content results in a negligible decrease in hydraulic conductivity value. The observed hydraulic conductivity of sand–fly ash mix lies in the range of silts, which emboldens the use of sand–fly ash mix as embankment material. Further, the evaluation of empirical equations considered in the study substantiates the efficacy of the Terzaghi equation in estimating the hydraulic conductivity of river sand-fly ash mix.
ISLAM RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Murtadha Murtadha 
Published: February 2021

Islam adalah agama para nabi dan rasul seluruhnya, dari semenjak Adam a.s hingga Muhammad saw, yang diturunkan Al-Qur'an kepadanya sebagai tuntunan umat manusia untuk menggapai kebahagiaan di dunia dan akhirat. Beliau diutuskan ke dunia sebagai rahmat untuk seluruh alam dan memperbaiki akhlak manusia. Islam sebagai addien lil'alamin melalui sumber utamanya Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits sangat besar menaruh perhatian terhadap lingkungan, sehingga Islam menyetarakan pemeliharaan lingkungan sama halnya dengan menjaga agama, jiwa, keturunan, akal dan harta.
TEKNOLOGI DALAM AL-QUR'AN
Authors: Mutia Mutia 
Published: February 2021

Al-Qur'an mempunyai kandungan yang universal dan komprehensif. Al-Qur'an merupakan pedoman hidup yang mengantarkan manusia untuk memperoleh suatu titik terang kebenaran. Gambaran-gambaran yang dimuat Al-Qur'an merupakan motivasi agar kita terus dapat menggalinya.Dari keumuman ayat Al-Qur’an itu menuntut kita untuk mempelajari apa yang telah digambarkan Allah untuk menambah tebal keyakinan manusia bahwa al-Qur'an memang suatu kitab petunjuk yang akan selalu kontekstual dan relevan pada setiap zaman. Tidak seorangpun dapat menyangkal bahwa di dalam Al-Qur’an tidak hanya diletakkan dasar-dasar peraturan hidup manusia dalam hubungannya dengan Tuhan sang pencipta, dalam interaksinya sesama manusia, dan dalam tindakannya terhadap alam di sekitarnya, tetapi juga dinyatakan untuk apa manusia diciptakan. Di dalam Al-Qur’an disebutkan juga garis besar tentang kejadian alam semesta, tentang penciptaan makhluk hidup, termasuk manusia didorong hasrat ingin tahunya, dipacu akalnya untuk menyelidiki segala apa yang ada di sekelilingnya
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems and XBRL Reporting Quality
Authors: Guo Feng , Luo Xin , Wheeler Patrick R. , Yang Liu , Zhao Xinlei , Zhang Yiyang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are indispensable for a majority of larger and midsize firms, and have changed the way accounting information is collected, stored, processed, and disseminated. Although most ERP systems integrate an eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) component in their core modules, little research has examined how ERP systems affect the quality of XBRL filings. Using unique data from branch-level ERP implementation, we find that the degree of ERP adoption among a firm's branches is negatively associated with the firm's XBRL filing errors and positively associated with XBRL reporting comparability, which in turn facilitates external users' access to the firm's XBRL filings in the SEC's EDGAR. These results suggest that ERP systems improve XBRL reporting quality. Moreover, our results indicate that ERP can mitigate the negative effect of extension taxonomies on XBRL reporting quality, which highlights the importance of the ERP system in a complicated XBRL reporting environment.
Stock Price Management and Share Issuance: Evidence from Equity Warrants
Authors: Barth Mary E. , Gee Kurt H. , Israeli Doron , Kasznik Ron 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether firms manage stock prices in anticipation of share issuance. Warrant exercise results in share issuance and warrant expiration dates are fixed years in advance, which precludes market timing. We predict firms manage stock prices to prevent (induce) warrant exercise when exercise is dilutive (anti-dilutive) to existing shareholders. To test our prediction, we examine stock returns around warrant expiration dates. We find that the difference between out-of-the-money (OTM) and in-the-money (ITM) firms' return patterns (i.e., post-expiration minus pre-expiration returns) is positive, and OTM (ITM) firms' return pattern is positive (negative). Return patterns of three sets of pseudo warrant firms differ from patterns of warrant firms. Return patterns are stronger when more feasible price changes are required to affect warrant expiration status, and firm-issued news items is a mechanism for price management. Thus, our findings provide evidence that firms engage in stock price management in anticipation of share issuance.
JEL Classifications: G14; G15; G32; M41.
Correlation of spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages with a hand-wrist skeletal maturity index: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alhazmi Anwar , Aldossary Mohammed , Palomo J. Martin , Hans Mark , Latimer Bruce , Simpson Scott 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To examine the correlation between spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and the hand-wrist skeletal maturity index.

Materials and Methods
Digital records of 164 individuals (77 males, 87 females) aged 10 to 18 years old were examined. Three-dimensional CBCT scans and hand-wrist two-dimensional radiographs were scored for the spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and hand-wrist skeletal maturity index, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed for associations using R software with a significance threshold of P&lt; .01.

Results
A significant positive relationship was demonstrated between spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages and hand-wrist skeletal maturity in both sexes. The Kendall's rank correlation τ between hand-wrist skeletal maturity index and spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion percentage were high and positive in males and females (r = .74 and r = .71, respectively).

Conclusions
The significant, positive relationship between the hand-wrist skeletal maturity index and spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages support the idea of using spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion as a biological indicator for craniofacial and mandibular growth spurt prediction.
Effect of a Pipe Number on The Heat Transfer Rate for a Granite Stone Absorber Solar Collector
Authors: Mirmanto M. , Wirawan M. , Saputra B.H. 
Published: February 2021

Sebagaimana energi fosil telah mulai berkurang, maka sangat penting untuk memanfaatkan energi alternatif seperti energi surya. Suatu peralatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menangkap dan mengubah energi surya adalah kolektor surya. Dua kolektor surya identik digunakan dalam penelitian ini ditempatkan menghadap ke Utara dengan sudut kemiringan 15 °. Dimensi kolektor adalah 0,8 m x 1 m x 0,05 m. Salah satu kolektor yang terdiri dari 5 pipa paralel dan lainnya yang terdiri dari 7 pipa paralel. Air yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini mengalir secara alami karena gaya gravitasi dari tangki yang lebih tinggi dan diatur dengan katup dipasang pada sisi keluaran kolektor. Laju aliran air yang digunakan adalah 200, 250 dan 300 cc / menit dan diukur dengan menggunakan gelas ukur dan stop watch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa energi yang masuk ke kolektor, energi yang diserap oleh absorber dan air, naik dengan meningkatnya waktu observasi dan mencapai nilai puncak pada sekitar pukul 02:30 Wita. Setelah itu, menurun. Pengaruh jumlah pipa adalah tidak signifikan. Kata kunci: kolektor surya, absorber batu granit, performa kolektor
Hubungan Corporate Social Responsibility dengan Earnings Quality pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2016-2019
Authors: Lestari Priscillia Puspita , Feliana Yie Ke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Earnings is one of some important things that company stakeholders pay attention to in making decisions related to the company. Therefore, the quality of earnings reported by companies need to be ensured that it accurately reflects tha real conditions of the company. Besides earnings, stakeholders also pay attention to corporate social responsibility activities that has been done by company as the implementation of triple bottom line concept. This study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings quality reported by firms. CSR is measured by using the CSRD Index based on 91 GRI criteria, while earnings quality is proxied by accrual earnings management and measured by calculating the discretionary accruals. The research object in this study is all entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period of 2016-2019. After selecting companies based on predetermined sample criteria, the totals of sample numbers in this study is 191 companies in 2016-2019. The result of this study prove that there is no significant relationship between CSR and earnings quality.
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, earnings quality, earnings management
Calcificação pulpar interna em dente de paciente idoso: relato de caso
Authors: Santiago Evalda Santana Reis , Silva Tatiane Mandu , Rosales Sandra Stephanie da Silva , E Silva Clelia Alice Tourinho de Melo , Batista Maria Luiza Paes Barreto dos Santos , De Paiva Ana Carolina Reis , Ribeiro Isabel do Nascimento , Braga Jaynne Aragão Maria , Furtado Flávia Lobato , De Souza Douglas Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de caso clínico em um paciente idoso atendido na clínica Odontogeriátrica em uma Universidade no estado do Pará na cidade de Belém, o qual apresentava calcificação interna do dente 47. Detalhamento do caso: Trata-se de um caso de calcificação pulpar causada pelo processo de envelhecimento, comprovado por radiografia periapical: paciente de 70 anos, gênero masculino, o qual apresentava o dente 47 com uma restauração metálica fundida extensa mesio-oclusal, e fistula vestibular à altura da bifurcação das raízes. Foram feitos tratamentos endodônticos no filete radicular da raiz distal, curetagem da fistula sob anestesia local, restauração provisória e prescrição medicamentosa de acordo com a necessidade clínica do paciente. Considerações finais: Podemos concluir sobre o relato que há uma necessidade de os cirurgiões dentistas buscarem maior conhecimento sobre alterações bucais causadas pelo envelhecimento, para que possam por meio de diagnóstico comprovado indicar tratamentos mais conservadores em dentes calcificados.
Naringin and 5-fluorouracil suppress inflammatory Cytokines in human skin cancer cell line
Authors: Deepa Suruli  , Fathima Bushra Sheriff Mirza  , Gloria Jemmi Christobel R  , Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy  , Shila Samuel  , Vijayaraghavan Radhakrishnan  
Published: February 2021

Naringin is a citrus flavonoid recently studied for anti-inflammatory activity in numerous cancer cells. In this study, the anti-inflammatory properties of naringin along with 5-fluorouracil in human skin cancer cell lines A375 was analyzed. A375 cells were treated with naringin, 5-fluorouracil alone, and combination. MTT assay and cell viability assays was demonstrated to detect the inhibitory effects of naringin or 5-fluorouracil on cell proliferation. mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and NFκB were determined using quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of the A375 cells in a concentration dependent manner with the IC50 values of naringin (24.75 μM) 5-fluorouracil (2.5 μM). The combination of naringin+5-fluorouracil on A375 cell lines at a concentration of half IC50 values (12µM+1 μM). Naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination also decreased the level of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and NFκB mRNA in the A375 cell line. Naringin and 5-fluorouracil exerted anti-inflammatory effect through the suppression of NF-kB, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 in A375 cells. Taken together, our results suggested that treating A375 with naringin and 5-fluorouracil combination may have future applications in treating skin cancers through its anti-inflammatory effect.
Ekonomi-Politik Yönleriyle Karşılaştırmalı Roman Analizi: Gazap Üzümleri, Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf
Authors: ŞEKER Aziz , ÖZCAN Emre 
Published: February 2021

Toplumsal gerçekliğin çözümlenmesini, tarihsel-toplumsal dönüşümlerin bireylerde yarattığı etkiler üzerinden ele alan romanlar edebiyat sosyolojisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu etkilerin neredeyse tüm boyutlarıyla irdelenmesi, ilgili romanların ve yazarlarının çok daha özgün ve değerli bir konuma yerleşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Tarihsel-toplumsal dönüşümlerin her bir coğrafyada kendine içkin farklı koşullarda açığa çıkması, o romanların evrensel niteliğinden ödün verilmesi sonucunu doğurmamaktadır. Her ne kadar coğrafyalar farklı olsa da bu romanların okurda hissettirdiği temel şey, insanların sosyo-ekonomik ve politik yapıyla olan etkileşiminin gücüdür. Bu gücü aktarmak, her zaman için toplumsal yapı ile birey arasındaki belirleyen-belirlenen şeklindeki tek taraflı bir ilişkiden çıkmakla alakalıdır. Ancak ve ancak bu gerçekleştiğinde insanların, toplumsal yapı üzerindeki değişim iradesini nasıl ortaya koyduğu anlaşılabilmektedir. Bu iradeyi edebiyat sosyolojisinde en güçlü şekilde serimleyen yazarların başında John Steinbeck ve Yaşar Kemal gelmektedir. Birbirinden oldukça uzak coğrafyalarda benzer temalarda buluşan her iki yazar da üretim ilişkilerindeki dönüşümleri ve bu dönüşümlerin bireyler üzerindeki sonuçlarını, onların değişim iradesine olan inancıyla çevreleyerek ortaya koymaktadır. Steinbeck, Gazap Üzümleri’nde Kaliforniya’da kapitalistleşmenin etkilerini Joad ailesi üzerinden ortaya koyarken Yaşar Kemal, Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf romanlarında Derviş ve Mustafa karakterleriyle aynı yöntemi Çukurova için geçerli kılmaktadır. Toplumsal dönüşüme dair umut ise Peder Casy, Arzuhalci Ali ve Demirci Mustafa üzerinden vurgulanmaktadır.
Tüm bunlardan hareketle bu çalışmada, Steinbeck’in Gazap Üzümleri ile Yaşar Kemal’in Akçasazın Ağaları’nın iki cildini oluşturan Demirciler Çarşısı Cinayeti ve Yusufçuk Yusuf romanları ekonomi-politik yönleriyle karşılaştırılarak incelenmektedir. Bu karşılaştırma, üretim ilişkilerindeki dönüşümlerin toplumsal ve kültürel sonuçlarını ortaya koyarak gerçekleştirilmektedir.
IMMEDIATE APPLY COST-EFFECTIVE EASILY PREPARABLE-AVAILABLE 21STCENTURY POTENTIAL-AYURVEDIC-HERBAL-INTEGRATIVE-MEDICINAL-VACCINE OF COVID-19: ACHIEVED AGRICULTURE HEALTHCARE-SOCIO-ECONOMY SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATION MECHANISM!
Authors: Datta Subhas Chandra 
Published: February 2021

The 5th epidemic-COVID-19 spreads all around the world forming total change of the world health, education, research, travel, socioeconomic, and human civilization, and the proper potential vaccine still unknown for the future efficacy of reinfection outbreaks of the vaccinated peoples with manufacturing capacity for the whole world population including new variant also. The poor marginalized society, aged people, street -children, and -animals, are not able to manage and purchase vaccines. And the pandemic must be controlled or managed by every nation; otherwise, a globe is at risk of further outbreaks, and India with the whole world develop a policy to overcome the pandemic-COVID-19. India emphasis on consumption of vegetable as the preventive traditional-ayurvedic-medicines against many naturally-infected-diseases of man, animals and plants caused by various-pathogens, remarkably reducing agricultural productions. The various-pesticides reduce the plant-diseases, but it is not cost-effective and environment-friendly. The present treatment confirms the flowering-meristems of wormwoods-Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp, prepared or developed the ayurvedic-medicine, dissolved in germfree-tap-water applying foliar-spray against plant-diseases, and the molecular-weight of soluble-root-proteins were determined. The recent treatment confirms once again that the ayurvedic-medicines-prepared from the flowering-meristems of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp are very much effective in controlling different-plant-pathogens caused many-diseases, synthesizing many new PR-proteins (pathogenesis-related-protein), boosting their response of defense naturally against pathogens, and increased growth of plants and protein-content, by confirming the “Immediate Apply Cost-Effective Easily Preparable-Available 21stCentury Potential-Ayurvedic-Herbal-Integrative-Medicinal-Vaccine of COVID-19: Achieved Agriculture Healthcare-Socio-Economy Science Technology Communication Mechanism with Clinical, Physical, Chemical, Biological, Physiological, and Molecular Weight”, by boosting-immunity. And it will be best side-effect-free potential-ayurvedic-COVID-19-Vaccine due to an ultra-diluted-low-dose, and globally develop all aspects in the scientific-basis of the ayurvedic-biomedicines, and it is thought that the present problems of the civilization of human will soon be overcome as early as possible retaining whole world in the new-normal or old-forms against the COVID-19.