bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological blockade of neurokinin1 receptor restricts morphine-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia in the rat
Authors: Rahban Mohammad , Danyali Samira , Zaringhalam Jalal , Manaheji Homa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The most notable adverse side effects of chronic morphine administration include tolerance and hyperalgesia. This study investigated the involvement of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ) expression during chronic morphine administration and also considered the relationship between DRG PKCɛ expression and the substance P- neurokinin1 receptor (SP- NK1R) activity.

Methods
Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups (n=6) in this study. In the morphine and sham groups, rats received 10 µg intrathecal (i.t.) morphine or saline for eight consecutive days, respectively. Behavioral tests were performed on days 1 and 8 before and after the first injections and then 48 h after the last injection (day 10). In the treatment groups, rats received NK1R antagonist (L-732,138, 25 µg) daily, either alone or 10 min before a morphine injection, Sham groups received DMSO alone or 10 min before a morphine injection. Animals were sacrificed on days 8 and 10, and DRG PKCɛ and SP expression were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques, respectively.

Results
Behavioral tests indicated that tolerance developed following eight days of chronic morphine injection. Hyperalgesia was induced 48 h after the last morphine injection. Expression of SP and PKCɛ in DRG significantly increased in rats that developed morphine tolerance on day 8 and hyperalgesia on day 10, respectively. NK1R antagonist (L-732,138) not only blocked the development of hyperalgesia and the increase of PKCɛ expression but also alleviated morphine tolerance.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that DRG PKCɛ and SP-NK1R most likely participated in the generation of morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia. Pharmacological inhibition of SP-NK1R activity in the spinal cord suggests a role for NK1R and in restricting some side effects of chronic morphine. All experiments were performed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publication No. 80-23, revised1996) and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1396.130).
Perú: Determinación de la brecha de recaudación potencial de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, 2014-2021
Authors: Cayatopa Rivera Luis Enrique 
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Determinar las brechas sobre la recaudación potencial a largo plazo de cada tributo. Método: La investigación se abordó desde un enfoque cuantitativo, respecto al análisis de las series de tiempo de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, desde enero 2014 hasta abril 2021. Complementariamente, se utilizó el filtro de Hodrick-Prescott. Resultados: En el periodo global de análisis, la diferencia entre la recaudación desestacionalizada y la recaudación potencial ―tendencia― fue de 1 237 millones de soles, con una contracción ―brecha de recaudación― total de los tributos analizados en 2020 de 24,9 millones de soles. En tanto, entre 2019 y 2020 la recaudación nominal absoluta de los tributos municipales se redujo en 984,9 millones de soles, sustentados con la contracción individual de los siguientes tributos: predial, arbitrios, alcabala, al patrimonio vehicular, a los juegos de máquinas tragamonedas y a espectáculos públicos (no deportivos) con 13,66%, 16,97%, 35,11%, 20,26%, 69,96% y 82,62%, respectivamente. Conclusión: Entre 2014 y abril de 2021 se presenta una tendencia alcista de largo plazo en la recaudación de los impuestos y arbitrios municipales, con contracciones cíclicas bajistas como la presentada en 2020 a efectos del coronavirus.
Phraseological motifs for Distinguishing Between Literary Genres. A Case Study on the Motifs of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
Authors: Novakova Iva 
Published: September 2021

The present paper is based on the assumption that the language of the novel is characterized by a statistically relevant overrepresentation of certain linguistic units (e.g. lexemes, key words, collocations and colligations, Siepmann 2015). First steps towards checking the validity of this hypothesis had been undertaken in pioneering works in the 1990s/2000s (e.g. Stubbs & Barth 2003). These studies were however limited by the small size of their (exclusively English) corpora. The present study explores the role of some patterns (phraseological motifs) in distinguishing French literary subgenres. It also proposes a case study of some motifs related to the verbal (dire avec sourire ‘to say with a smile’) and non-verbal communication (adresser un sourire ‘to send a smile’). Unlike traditional corpus-stylistic analyses, which frequently focus on the style of a single author, our corpus-driven approach identifies lexico-syntactic constructions in literary genres which are automatically extracted from the corpora.The main purpose is to show the relevance of the notion of phraseological motif (Legallois 2012; Longrée & Mellet 2013; Novakova & Siepmann 2020) for the distinction of literary subgenres. Linking form and meaning, these ‘multidimensional units’ fulfil pragmatic as well as discursive functions.The data has been extracted from large French corpora of the PhraseoRom research project https://phraseorom.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr. They are accessible on http://phraseotext.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/phraseobase/index.html and contain 1000 novels (published from the 1950s to the present), partitioned into six sub-corpora: general literature (GEN), crime fiction (CRIM), romances (ROM), historical novels (HIST), science fiction (SF) and fantasy (FY).The results of our study reveal some unexpected differences between the literary subgenres: e.g. the motif dire d’une voix ‘to say in a voice’ in HIST compared to GEN. In FY, expressions of verbal communication are related to shouting and screaming. Expressions related to the non-verbal communication (prendre dans ses bras ‘to take in one’s arms’) are specific to ROM, where body language is overrepresented. In SF, there is a very limited number of these types of expressions. More generally, the motifs provide the link between the micro level (phraseological recurrences) and the macro level (the fictional script).
Reducing Severe Tracheal Intubation Events Through an Individualized Airway Bundle
Authors: Herrick Heidi M. , Pouppirt Nicole , Zedalis Jacqueline , Cei Bridget , Murphy Stephanie , Soorikian Leane , Matthews Kelle , Nassar Rula , Napolitano Natalie , Nishisaki Akira , Foglia Elizabeth E. , Ades Anne , Nawab Ursula 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Neonatal tracheal intubation (TI) is a high-risk procedure associated with adverse safety events. In our newborn and infant ICU, we measure adverse tracheal intubation–associated events (TIAEs) as part of our participation in National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates, a neonatal airway registry. We aimed to decrease overall TIAEs by 10% in 12 months.

METHODS
A quality improvement team developed an individualized approach to intubation using an Airway Bundle (AB) for patients at risk for TI. Plan-do-study-act cycles included AB creation, simulation, unit roll out, interprofessional education, team competitions, and adjusting AB location. Outcome measure was monthly rate of TIAEs (overall and severe). Process measures were AB initiation, AB use at intubation, video laryngoscope (VL) use, and paralytic use. Balancing measure was inadvertent administration of TI premedication. We used statistical process control charts.

RESULTS
Data collection from November 2016 to August 2020 included 1182 intubations. Monthly intubations ranged from 12 to 41. Initial overall TIAE rate was 0.093 per intubation encounter, increased to 0.172, and then decreased to 0.089. System stability improved over time. Severe TIAE rate decreased from 0.047 to 0.016 in June 2019. AB initiation improved from 70% to 90%, and AB use at intubation improved from 18% to 55%. VL use improved from 86% to 97%. Paralytic use was 83% and did not change. The balancing measure of inadvertent TI medication administration occurred once.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated a significant decrease in the rate of severe TIAEs through the implementation of an AB. Next steps include increasing use of AB at intubation.
Search threshold values of future liver remnant function and volume for extensive resections in children
Authors: Akhaladze D. G. , Rabaev G. S. , Merkulov N. N. 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between the future liver remnant volume and function and determine the possible threshold values of these parameters for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure in children.Methods. Data of 57 patients who underwent major hepatectomy from July 2017 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Before surgery all children underwent the CT-volumetry and 99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The threshold values for the future liver volume and function were considered 25%, and 2.7%/min/m2 , respectively. After surgery the ISGLS and 50–50 criteria for posthepatectomy liver failure were assessed. The principal components method was used to identify risk factors for its development. The correlation analysis included the maximum value of total bilirubin after hepatectomy, as well as the values of total bilirubin, albumin, urea, prothrombin index, international normalized ratio and platelets on the postoperative day 5.Results. The posthepatectomy liver failure was observed in 2 patients: grade B developed in a patient with FLR-V 43%, FLR-F 1.8%/min/m2 , grade A in a patient with FLR-V 16.5% and FLR-F 4.78%/min/m2 . A significant statistical relationship of average strength was revealed between the indicators of FLR-F and FLR-V (Pearson η = 0.409; p < 0.01). However, direct pairwise comparison did not reveal the relationship between future liver remnant volume, function and the laboratory parameters. The principal components analysis showed that during the postoperative period, the prothrombin index and international normalized ratio value were the most sensitive to the large volume of the liver parenchyma loss. The threshold value of FLR-F (3%/min/m2 ) was calculated. The decrease below this value can lead to posthepatectomy liver failure, which will manifest as a hemostasis disorder.Conclusion. Planning a one-staged hepatectomy not only the future liver remnant volume should be taken into account, but also its function. The threshold for future liver remnant volume in children is below the generally accepted level 25%. To perform one-stage hepatectomies in such patients, the FLR-F must be at least 2.7%/min/m2 . The future investigations in this field is waranteed.
Joint hypocentral determination and the detection of low-velocity anomalies. An example from the Phlegraean Fields earthquakes
Authors: Pujol Jose , Aster Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arrival time data from the Phlegraean Fields (Italy) earthquake swarm recorded by the University of Wisconsin array in 1983 to 1984 were reanalyzed using a joint hypocentral determination (JHD) technique. The P- and S-wave station corrections computed as part of the JHD analysis show a circular pattern of central positive values surrounded by negative values whose magnitudes increase with distance from the center of the pattern. This center roughly coincides with the point of the maximum uplift (almost 2 m) associated with the swarm. Corrections range from −0.85 to 0.10 sec for P-wave arrivals and from −1.09 to 0.70 sec for S-wave arrivals. We interpret these patterns of corrections as caused by a localized low-velocity anomaly in the epicentral area, which agrees with the results of a previous 3-D velocity inversion of the same data set. The relocated (JHD) epicenters show less scatter than the epicenters obtained in the velocity inversion, and move more of the seismic activity to the vicinity of the only presently active fumarolic feature. The capability of the JHD technique to detect low-velocity anomalies and at the same time to give reliable locations, particularly epicenters, was verified using synthetic data generated for a 3-D velocity model roughly resembling the model obtained by velocity inversion.
Robust and reliable techniques for epicenter location using time and slowness observations
Authors: Cassidy Frances , Christoffersson Anders , Husebye Eystein S. , Ruud Bent O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ever-increasing flow of parameterized and waveform data into various kinds of seismological centers cannot be managed properly unless preliminary epicenter locations are available. Here we demonstrate robust and flexible techniques for fast and reliable event location using the P slowness vector, which is easily derived from arrival times and/or waveform data from arrays, networks, and/or single-site three-component stations. Location schemes are tied to 1) azimuth minimization and 2) slowness vector summation on a sphere using slowness from N arbitrarily positioned stations. The advantage of using azimuth alone is that no assumption is needed of phase type, distance range, or structure (travel-time tables). The viability of our location techniques are demonstrated using a variety of P recordings from networks and three-component stations.
The 3 December 1988 Pasadena, California earthquake: Evidence for strike-slip motion on the Raymond fault
Authors: Jones Lucile M. , Sieh Kerry E. , Hauksson Egill , Hutton L. Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Pasadena earthquake (ML = 4.9) occurred on 3 December 1988, at a depth of 16 km. The hypocenters of the earthquake and its aftershocks define a east-northeast striking, steeply northwest-dipping surface that projects up to the active surficial trace of the Raymond fault. One of the nodal planes of the focal mechanism of the earthquake parallels the Raymond fault with left-lateral strike-slip movement on that plane, and is consistent with geomorphic and paleoseismic evidence that the Raymond fault is dominantly a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The existence of a component of sinistral slip along the Raymond fault had been suspected prior to the earthquake, but the northward dip of the fault and the prominent scarp along the western portion of its trace had led most workers to conclude that slip along the fault was dominantly reverse.
Seismic ground-response studies in Olympia, Washington, and vicinity
Authors: King K. W. , Tarr A. C. , Carver D. L. , Williams R. A. , Worley D. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRelative seismic ground-response characteristics in the cities of Olympia, Lacey, and Tumwater, Washington, were determined from analysis of instrumentally recorded ground motion induced by blasts at an open-pit coal mine near Centralia, Washington. A ground-response function (GRF), defined as the ratio of Fourier spectral amplitudes at an alluvium site to spectral amplitudes on hard rock, is a measure of amplification of seismic waves by localized site conditions. GRF values in three frequency bands (0.5 to 1.0 Hz, 1.0 to 2.0 Hz, and 2.0 to 4.0 Hz) were compared with observed Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities from the 29 April 1965, Puget Sound earthquake and with mapped surficial geologic units. Typically, the GRF values relate well with the surficial geological units.In addition, MM intensities within the V to VII range appear to be directly related to the frequencies within the 0.5 to 4.0 Hz bandwidth such that MM V intensity sites had a lower GRF value in the 2.0 to 4.0 Hz bandwidth as compared to the 0.5 to 2.0 Hz bandwidth, and the MM VII intensity sites had higher GRF values in the 2.0 to 4.0 Hz bandwidth as compared to the 0.5 to 2.0 Hz bandwidth. The set of GRF values determined for the city of Olympia and its vicinity should be useful in formulating a theoretical relative ground-response model for the southern Puget Sound area.
Two-dimensional elastic pseudo-spectral modeling of wide-aperture seismic array data with application to the Wichita Uplift-Anadarko Basin region of southwestern Oklahoma
Authors: Kang Ik Bum , McMechan George A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Full wave field modeling of wide-aperture data is performed with a pseudospectral implementation of the elastic wave equation. This approach naturally produces three-component stress and two-component particle displacement, velocity, and acceleration seismograms for compressional, shear, and Rayleigh waves. It also has distinct advantages in terms of computational requirements over finite-differencing when data from large-scale structures are to be modeled at high frequencies.
The algorithm is applied to iterative two-dimensional modeling of seismograms from a survey performed in 1985 by The University of Texas at El Paso and The University of Texas at Dallas across the Anadarko basin and the Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma. The results provide an independent look at details of near-surface structure and reflector configurations. Near-surface (&lt;3 km deep) structure and scattering effects account for a large percentage (&gt;70 per cent) of the energy in the observed seismograms.
The interpretation of the data is consistent with the results of previous studies of these data, but provides considerably more detail. Overall, the P-wave velocities in the Wichita Uplift are more typical of the middle crust than the upper crust (5.3 to 7.1 km/sec). At the surface, the uplift is either exposed as weathered outcrop (5.0 to 5.3 km/sec) or is overlain with sediments of up to 0.4 km in thickness, ranging in velocity from 2.7 to 3.4 km/sec, generally increasing with depth. The core of the uplift is relatively seismically transparent. A very clear, coherent reflection is observed from the Mountain View fault, which dips at ≈40° to the southwest, to at least 12 km depth. Velocities in the Anadarko Basin are typical of sedimentary basins; there is a general increase from ≈2.7 km/sec at the surface to ≈5.9 km/sec at ≈16 km depth, with discontinuous reflections at depths of ≈8, 10, 12, and 16 km.
Statistically optimal event detection using small array data
Authors: Kushnir A. F. , Lapshin V. M. , Pinsky V. I. , Fyen J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A generalization of Capon's maximum-likelihood technique for detection and estimation of seismic signals is introduced. By using a multi-dimensional autoregressive approximation of seismic array noise, we have developed a technique to use Capon's multi-channel filter for on-line processing. Such autoregressive adaptation to the curent noise matrix power spectrum is shown to yield good suppression of mutually correlated array noise processes. As an example, this technique is applied to detection of a small Semipalatinsk underground explosion recorded at the ARCESS array.
Comparison of the direction estimation performance of high-frequency seismic arrays and three-component stations
Authors: Harris David B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical comparison of the backazimuth and velocity estimation performance of arrays and three-component stations in severe noise conditions. Theoretical estimates of performance for low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are validated through simulation. The high SNR limits of array performance are determined through an empirical study of 23 events at a single source location. Theory and simulation indicate a gradual and uniform deterioration in three-component station performance as the SNR is decreased, beginning at relatively high SNR. At very low SNR, the signal is overwhelmed by the noise, and the performance reaches an asymptotic plateau determined by a priori physical limitations on the velocity of incident waves. By contrast, arrays exhibit a sharp transition between a high SNR performance floor determined, presumably, by scattering effects in the signal, and a low SNR plateau. The SNR threshold for the transition in array performance is low enough that a band of SNRs exist for which arrays have usefully small direction and velocity errors, but three-component stations do not.
Estimating azimuth and slowness from three-component and array stations
Authors: Suteau-Henson Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe capabilities of three-component (3-C) and array stations for estimating azimuth and slowness are compared for short-period P-type phases recorded at the NORESS array. For vertical array data, azimuth and slowness estimates are obtained from broadband frequency-wavenumber (f-k) analysis. For 3-C data, polarization analysis is performed. The data processing is automated, using arrival time and dominant frequency information from the NORESS Bulletin. Independent determinations of azimuth and/or slowness, obtained from locations in the NEIS or regional network bulletins, are used as reference estimates. Over 100 events are analyzed, both teleseismic and regional. They were selected from a variety of distances and azimuths, and cover a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR).The capability of 3-C stations for azimuth and slowness estimation critically depends on SNR. For SNR below a threshold of ∼2, the scatter in the estimates is very large for both parameters, and the slowness of teleseismic events tends to be overestimated. Also, the results are site-dependent within the NORESS array. The array measurements obtained with the broadband f-k method are not significantly affected by noise at the levels of SNR considered. For events with sufficient SNR, both methods compare well, and only a slightly better performance is observed with the f-k method.
Coherent processing of regional signals at small seismic arrays
Authors: Der Z. A. , Hirano M. R. , Shumway R. H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Regional arrivals, similarly to short-period teleseismic P waves, have a spectral structure that the Fourier transforms of individual sensors at arrays for events located in limited source regions can be decomposed into source and site spectral factors. This structure has been demonstrated to be valid for Pn and Lg arrivals at NORESS. This property of regional arrivals can be exploited for: (a) Grouping events with respect to relative location; (b) Identifying events with differing source mechanisms; and (c) Finding differences in the source time functions between closely spaced events.
Potentially useful techniques for accomplishing such analyses consist of computing site-averaged interevent coherences, interevent and intersite equalization methods combined with correlation techniques. The advantage of such approaches is that we need not know much about the propagation characteristics (Green's functions) along the paths to an array.
The reflectivity method with polar sampling
Authors: Bourgeois A. , Gutowski P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA modification to the reflectivity method that results in more accurate and efficiently computed theoretical seismograms is introduced. The reflectivity method involves an explosive point source and a radially symmetric earth, and in the temporal frequency domain the displacement field and the complex plane wave reflectivity are, to within a phase factor, Hankel transform pairs in the polar coordinate variables radial offset and wavenumber. This motivates formulation of the time-transformed displacement field into a Fourier-Bessel series over the reflectivity function, and replacement of the traditional method for sampling the plane-wave reflectivity with the proper polar sampling scheme, based on the finite Fourier transform representation for a band-limited signal. Several numerical examples are discussed.