bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring nursing students' experiences of blindness simulation: A phenomenological study
Authors: Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza , Malek Masoumeh , Shali Mahboubeh , Jafari Haleh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of blindness simulation among a group of nursing students.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted using an interpretive phenomenological method.MethodsUsing purposeful sampling method, students were informed and invited to participate in the research through the Website of Tehran School of Nursing and Midwifery. We listed the candidates and until data saturation and compilation of the study, 8 students entered the study. They shared their experiences about blindness simulation through individual in‐depth and semi‐structured interviews. We continued the interviews until the data were saturated. The transcribed interviews were analysed by Colaizzi's approach.ResultsThe results of data analysis resulted in three major themes and nine sub‐themes, which were conceptually named based on their nature. The major themes included abandoned in the labyrinth puzzle, vision of heart and self‐alienation.
First reported archaeological case of leprosy in Slovakia
Authors: Hukeľová Zuzana , Nováček Jan , Daňová Klaudia , Ruttkay Matej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2009 and 2010, a rescue excavation at Nitra‐Selenec II (Slovakia) was carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. A medieval cemetery dated to the end of 11th century was discovered, yielding 72 individuals, including the skeleton of young female manifesting skeletal changes consistent with leprosy. The lesions of rhino‐maxillary syndrome (facies leprosa) were observed together with atrophied/tapered metatarsal bones of “licked candy” appearance. In addition,cribra orbitalia,cribra cranii, bilateral periostitis of distal ends of the tibiae and fibulae, and vertebral hypervascularization were recorded. The results of light microscopic investigation agreed with the macroscopic diagnosis of leprosy. Reported cases of leprosy from eastern central Europe are few, coming mostly from the region of present‐day Hungary. Until recently, only three probable cases of leprosy (all dated to pre‐Crusade Middle Ages) were discovered in the area of former Czechoslovakia, all of them discovered in the modern Czech Republic. The case from the late 11th century, presented in this paper, can be considered the first evidence of the disease in the region of Slovakia.
Emergent bilingual high school students' social and emotional experiences
Authors: Vera Elizabeth , Heineke Amy , Daskalova Plamena , Schultes Anna K. , Pantoja‐Patiño Juan , Duncan Britt , Yanuaria Chelsea , Furtado Claire 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh school students labeled as English learners, referred to in this article as emergent bilinguals, participated in a mixed‐methods study of their social and emotional well‐being. Relationships with school personnel, peer relations, and involvement in support activities were connected to well‐being while experiences of microaggressions from teachers and peers, lack of access to advanced curricula, and poor integration with mainstream peers were related to negative well‐being. A variety of school, peer, and family themes both promoted and compromised well‐being. Students' sense of connection to mainstream students was positively related to school belonging and positive affect. A sense of connection to ethnic peers and a positive ethnic identity were related to positive affect but not school belonging. This pattern of findings suggests that connecting with members of both one's ethnic and the mainstream community may lead to greater well‐being but integrating into the mainstream community prompts greater school belonging. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Burnout in Portuguese physiotherapists during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jácome Cristina , Seixas Adérito , Serrão Carla , Teixeira Andreia , Castro Luísa , Duarte Ivone 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study described the burnout experienced by physiotherapists during the COVID‐19 pandemic and analysed the role of possible factors of this occupational phenomenon.MethodsCross‐sectional study based on a web‐based survey applied to physiotherapists living in Portugal. The survey included sociodemographic, health status and clinical practice questions. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (personal, work‐ and patient‐related burnout), the Resilience Scale, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used.ResultsA total of 511 physiotherapists (median 33 years old, 82% females) completed the survey. The participants worked mainly in private practice (50%) and wards (35%). During COVID‐19, 52% were working directly with patients, but only 18% were working with COVID‐19 patients. Personal (42%), work‐ (42%) and patient‐related burnout (25%) was observed. Three significant models explained personal‐ (R2 = 51%), work‐ (R2 = 31%) and patient‐related burnout (R2 = 16%). Lower levels of resilience and higher levels of depression and stress were significantly associated with personal, work‐ and patient‐related burnout. Being female and working directly with patients were additionally associated with both personal and work‐related burnout. Having health problems and working with COVID‐19 patients were only associated with personal burnout.ConclusionsMore than 40% of physiotherapists experienced personal and work‐related burnout and 25% patient‐related burnout, with resilience, depression and stress having a relevant role in the three burnout dimensions. Early detection and management strategies need to be implemented to address physiotherapists' physical and psychological fatigue and exhaustion.
A hybrid search based synthesis of static output feedback controllers for uncertain systems with application to multivariable PID control
Authors: Gopmandal Falguni , Ghosh Arun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid search (involving the performance level and a positive scalar variable in sequence) based method for synthesis of linear time‐invariant (LTI) static output feedback (SOF) controllers for a class of linear systems with norm‐bounded time‐varying parametric uncertainties. Using an available extended linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation of bounded real lemma, a new sufficient condition in terms of LMIs is obtained for existence of SOF controllers, where a triangular structure in the variable part of the Lyapunov matrix is introduced, unlike the diagonal structure existing in direct synthesis methods in literature. To obtain as less as possible, the part of the Lyapunov matrix which is kept fixed while computing the variable part is first obtained using a ‐search based method. Then with this fixed part, the final variable triangular part of the Lyapunov matrix is obtained using a single positive scalar search based LMI method to further reduce . The efficacy of the proposed method is studied on a number of benchmark examples. The method is also extended for structured SOF design. Finally, the proposed method is applied to design two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) multivariable proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers for compensation of norm‐bounded uncertain plants. A case study on designing roll–pitch–yaw integrated missile autopilots is also considered to show the efficacy of the proposed multivariable PID compensation.
Facile Synthesis of Holey Phosphorene via Low Temperature Electrochemical Exfoliation for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: He Ludong , Lu Qiuju , Yang Ying , Liu Yanqi , Zhu Yuanzhi , Mei Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNano black phosphorus (BP) has been widely used in many fields due to its outstanding properties. The novel morphology and structure of nano BP would bring new properties and expand its application. In this work, a novel holey phosphorene was prepared by a low temperature electrochemical exfoliation method for the first time. The low temperature condition plays a significant role in reducing the oxidizing reaction rate, thus facilitating the formation of pore in the basal plane of BP during the exfoliation process. The as‐prepared holey phosphorene can act as a metal‐free electrocatalyst for electroreduction of nitrogen, which exhibits a high NH3 yield of 46.04 μg h−1 mg−1cat. with a Faradaic efficiency of 8.78 % at −0.7 V vs. RHE.
Catalytic Ozonation of Cinnamaldehyde to Benzaldehyde over Ca(OH)2
Authors: Luo Xuan , Wang Yiyuan , Xie Xinling , Su Tongming , Chen Jianhua , Qin Zuzeng , Ji Hongbing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the ozonation of cinnamaldehyde to benzaldehyde catalyzed by Ca(OH)2 was studied by using the bubbling reactor with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrum (DRIFTS) and Density Function Theory (DFT). After the preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity evaluation of Ca(OH)2, the data showed that specific surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volume of Ca(OH)2 had a 1.77‐, 1.44‐, and 3.06‐fold larger than those of CaO, respectively. Compared with CaO catalysis, the activation energy of cinnamaldehyde ozonation decreased 41 % under Ca(OH)2 catalysis. in situ DRIFTS and DFT results indicated that alkaline‐earth metal ozonide was the yield on the Ca(OH)2 surface after the adsorption, and the ozonide selectively oxidated the carbon‐carbon double bond of cinnamaldehyde with the Criegee mechanism.
Scandium(III)‐Triflate‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Longo Luiz S. , Siqueira Fernanda A. , Anjos Nicolas S. , Santos Gabriela F. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe need of understanding the interactions between small organic molecules and biological targets has stimulated the development of new methodologies for the synthesis of compounds with potential biological properties. In this scenario, multicomponent reactions have been considered as high atom‐efficient strategies which allow the generation of high levels of molecular diversity and complexity, using relatively simple and eco‐friendly experimental procedures. Among the plethora of catalysts used in multicomponent reactions, rare earth metal triflates, especially scandium(III) triflate [Sc(OTf)3], emerged as water‐resistant Lewis acids with remarkable catalytic activity in water‐containing environments. This review describes the recent progress on the use of scandium(III) triflate as Lewis acid catalyst for multicomponent reactions applied to the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, valuable privileged scaffolds in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry.
Type I Photosensitizers Revitalizing Photodynamic Oncotherapy
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Xu Qian , Wang Wenjun , Shao Jinjun , Huang Wei , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great potential for tumor treatment with merits of non‐invasiveness, high selectivity, and minimal side effects. However, conventional type II PDT relying on 1O2 presents poor therapeutic efficacy for hypoxic tumors due to the oxygen‐dependent manner. Alternatively, emerging researches have demonstrated that type I PDT exhibits superiority over type II PDT in tumor treatment owing to its diminished oxygen‐dependence. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art studies concerning recent progress in type I photosensitizers are scrutinized, emphasizing the strategies to construct highly effective type I photosensitizers. As the foundation, basic principles of type I PDT are presented, and up‐to‐date type I photosensitizers are summarized and classified based on their attributes. Then, a literature review of representative type I photosensitizers (including nanomaterials and small molecules) is presented with impetus to delineate their novel designs, action mechanisms, as well as anticancer PDT applications. Finally, the remaining challenges and development directions of type I photosensitizers are outlined, highlighting key scientific issues toward clinical translations.
Transformable Spinose Nanodrums with Self‐Supplied H2O2 for Photothermal and Cascade Catalytic Therapy of Tumor
Authors: Liu Miao‐Deng , Guo Deng‐Ke , Zeng Run‐Yao , Guo Wen‐Hui , Ding Xing‐Lan , Li Chu‐Xin , Chen Ying , Sun Yunxia , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvances in enzymes involve an efficient biocatalytic process, which has demonstrated great potential in biomedical applications. However, designing a functional carrier for enzymes equipped with satisfactory degradability and loading efficiency, remains a challenge. Here, based on transformable liquid metal (LM), a spinose nanodrum is designed as protein carrier to deliver enzyme for tumor treatment. With the assistance of spines and a special drum‐like shape, it is found that the spiny LM can carry much more enzymes than spherical LM under the same condition. Benefiting from the satisfactory enzyme loading efficiency of spiny LM, a plasma amine oxidase immobilized spinose LM nanosystem enveloped with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)‐Fe3+ (LMPE) is fabricated for photothermal and cascade catalytic tumor therapy. Activated by the acidic condition in the tumor microenvironment, the LMPE can oxidize spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for Fenton catalytic reaction to produce the lethal hydroxyl radical (•OH) for tumor cell killing. Combined with remarkable photothermal performance of LM, LMPE exhibits significant inhibition of tumor in vivo.
Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Kapok Fiber (Ceiba pentandra) and its Reinforcement Effect on Alginate Hydrogel Bead
Authors: Sartika Dewi , Syamsu Khaswar , Warsiki Endang , Fahma Farah , Arnata I. Wayan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) is a potential source of cellulose, but its utilization is still minimal. This study aims to isolate nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from kapok fibers using acid hydrolysis at various times and characterize its properties as reinforcement for alginate‐nanocrystalline cellulose (Alg‐NCC) hydrogel beads. NCCs are characterized using various techniques, and hydrogel beads are characterized by syneresis and strength (TPA). Variations in hydrolysis time cause changes in functional groups, decrease length and diameter, increase degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability. Nanocrystalline cellulose isolation from BKF by chemical hydrolysis is better done at 60% sulfuric acid concentration, for 50 min to produce a yield of 38.92%, L/d aspect ratio ranges from 8.53 to 12.23, degree of crystallinity 71.00%, and thermal stability with maximum degradation temperature 298.69 °C. The incorporation of NCC on the Alg hydrogel beads leads to increase hardness 67.70% and decrease syneresis 4.14%. Thus, NCC can be used as a reinforcement agent because it has been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads. Alg‐NCC hydrogel beads have the potential to be widely applied in various fields.
From feeling forces to understanding forces: The impact of bodily engagement on learning in science
Authors: Zohar Asnat R. , Levy Sharona T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmbodied cognition theories view sensorimotor activity as fundamental to learning, knowing, and reasoning. To investigate the role of physical movement in conceptual learning, we developed and explored an Embodied Learning Interactive Chemistry environment (ELI‐Chem). The ELI‐Chem learning environment includes a computer simulation, a device for interacting with the simulation, and an online activity guide. In particular, we focused on the topic of chemical bonding—an abstract and nonintuitive phenomenon that is crucial to chemistry learning and that presents pervasive problems in learning. The ELI‐Chem learning environment embodies atoms' movement through four increasing degrees of bodily engagement in terms of range of motion and forces—movie, simulation, joystick, and haptic device (applies force feedback). A randomly assigned pretest‐intervention‐posttest four‐group comparison design was used with a mixed‐methods research approach. Quantitative analysis of pretest and posttest questionnaires tested the conceptual learning. Qualitative analysis of students' filled activity guides explored students' perceptions of the learning process and features of understanding. The participants were 48 high school chemistry students, 12 students in each degree of bodily engagement. During the activity, students were prompted to discover the forces underlying chemical bonding and to explore the energy changes involved. We found an increase in students' conceptual understanding in all four degrees of bodily engagement, with significantly higher learning gains and causal understanding in the haptic condition with a greater range of motion and forces. This study highlights the states in which embodied learning uniquely contributes to understanding and perception: absence of prior embodied experience, learning about a nonvisual concept related to forces, and a high congruence with the concept learned.
Influence of Achyranthes japonica extracts supplementation in the diets of finishing pigs
Authors: Liu Xiao , Kim In Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHerbs and their extracts have been used for a long time in animal industries as alternatives to an antibiotic.ObjectivesThis study was evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) on the performance and production parameters in finishing pigs.MethodsTotally, 100 pigs with an average body weight of 50.33 ± 4.61 kg were used as a 10‐week feeding trial. Pigs (five replicates, three barrows and two gilts per pen) were allotted randomly to four treatments as the addition of 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% of AJE in basal diets.ResultsA linear increase (p < .05) in average daily gain was observed during week 5, week 10 and overall period, and a linear decrease (p < .05) was observed in the feed conversion ratio during week 5. A linear increase (p < .05) in dry matter, protein digestibility and faecal ammonia emission on week 5 and week 10 and a linear increase (p < .05) in serum total protein concentration on week 10 of pigs fed diets supplemented with graded levels of AJE was observed. Faecal lactic acid bacteria counts showed a linear increase (p < .05) on week 5 with the increasing levels of AJE.ConclusionsIn conclusion, there existed improvements in growth performance, nutrients digestibility, serum total protein, faecal coliform bacteria and lactic acid bacteria counts and faecal ammonia emission in the finishing pigs fed with AJE‐supplemented diet.
Delayed traumatic pneumocephalus and cervical pneumorrhachis in a dog
Authors: Moral Meritxell , Blanco Carlos , Martínez Jerónimo , Lorenzo Valentina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred for generalised seizures which initiated 48 hours prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed facial asymmetry and enucleation of the right eye due to head trauma 6 years earlier. Neurological examination showed depressed mental status, absent menace response of the left eye, non‐ambulatory tetraparesis, absent postural reactions in all four limbs and normal spinal reflexes. Neuroanatomical localisation was prosencephalic (forebrain). MRI study of the brain allowed a diagnosis of pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis as the cause of neurological signs. The dog was hospitalised and treated conservatively with anticonvulsants, antimicrobials and oxygen therapy. During hospitalisation, no further seizures were observed, the neurological condition improved progressively, and the dog was discharged with oral anticonvulsant treatment 4 days after admission. Eight months later, the dog was still seizure‐free, and the follow‐up MRI showed no lesions consistent with the previously diagnosed pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis.
Limber tail syndrome in a Labrador Retriever with confirmed hypothyroidism
Authors: Coelho Ana , Mateus Nathália , Araújo Joyce , Silva Márcio , Eguchi Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, female, neutered Labrador Retriever was referred with tail flaccidity of acute onset after an extensive period of swimming. There were no other neuromuscular clinical signs on physical examination and no pain of tail palpation. Comorbidity was reported, with previous diagnosis of hypothyroidism (9 months before), but the disease was considered controlled since levothyroxine supplementation. Despite the impossibility to confirm nonrelated neuromuscular impairment associated with hypothyroidism, the fast resolution of clinical signs without intervention was more likely to confirm a limber tail syndrome rather than an endocrine neuromyopathy, but, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of its kind, and further investigations are required.
Empirical analysis of the impact of urbanization on groundwater quality within the slums of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ketadzo Joan A. , Nkongolo Nsalambi V. , Akrofi Mark M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of city dwellers in Ghana reside in slums where groundwater is the major source of water for domestic uses. This study examined the quality of groundwater from boreholes (seven) and hand‐dug wells (13) in five major slums in the city of Accra, Ghana. Water samples were tested for a total of 27 microbial and physicochemical contaminants at the central laboratory of the Ghana Water Company Limited. Overall, the water quality in the slums was poor as most of the parameters tested did not meet the 2017 WHO standards. Four out of the five slums (in Nima, Chorkor, Jamestown, and Abokobi‐Pantang), for instance, recorded high amounts of lead, with average values of 0.25 mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, and 1.5 mg/L, respectively, which are above the WHO standard of 0.01 mg/L. pH values in Nima (5.09), Sabon Zongo, Chorkor (6.09), and Abokobi‐Pantang (6.17) did not meet the WHO standard of 6.5–8.5. All five slums indicated various degrees of bacteriological contamination. The average Escherichia coli values per slum ranged between 12.50 CFU/100 ml and 249.00 CFU/100 ml, while the mean total coliform per slum ranged from 90.75 CFU/100 ml to 490.25 CFU/100 ml. The poor quality of groundwater found is attributable to improper disposal of waste, siting of boreholes/wells close to toilets, and the coastal location of some of the slums. Strict enforcement of water‐quality control checks, intensive sensitization on the dangers of improper waste disposal to groundwater quality, and the provision of sanitation facilities in the slums by city authorities are highly recommended.
Two new metal‐organic frameworks constructed by 4,5‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl) phthalic acid for photocatalytic properties
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhu Chengbiao , Li Rui , Gu Xingye , She Shixiong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo new metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), namely {[Zn2(L)2(4,4′‐bipy)1.5] ⋅ H2O}n (1) and {[Ni(L)(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)2] ⋅ (H2O)5}n (2), where H2L=4,5‐bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl) phthalic acid, have been solvothermally synthesized and characterized. The single‐crystal X‐ray analyses showed that 1 and 2 present a 3D ths network and a cds network, respectively. The photocatalytic properties for both frameworks showed that they can photodegrade dye methylene blue (MB) and methylene orange (MO) under UV light irradiation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism has been addressed using band gap calculation by taking assistance of density of states (DOS) and partial DOS (pDOS) calculations.