bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scoliosis Research Society adult spinal deformity standard outcome set
Authors: de Kleuver Marinus , Faraj Sayf S. A. , Haanstra Tsjitske M. , Wright Anna K. , Polly David W. , van Hooff Miranda. L. , Glassman Steven D. ,   the COSSCO study group, Alanay Ahmet , Basu Saumyajit , Bess Shay , Brodke Darrel , Carreon Leah Y. , De Kleuver Marinus , Defino Helton L. A. , Faraj Sayf S. A. , Glassman Steven D. , Gehrchen Martin , Gupta Munish C. , Haanstra Tsjitske M. , Hai Yong , Halm Henry F. M. , Harding Ian , Lafage Virginie , Liu Gabriel , Matsumoto Morio , Obeid Ibrahim , Parent Stefan , Pellisé Ferran , Place Howard M. , Polly David W. , Rothenfluh Dominique A. , Sethi Rajiv , Spruit Maarten , Stephen Lewis J. , Uribe Juan S. , Van Hooff Miranda L. , Wright Anna K. , Yagi Mitsuru , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Symptomatic adult spinal deformity (ASD) with an extremely variable presentation with pain, with and without neurogenic leg pain, and/or disturbed sagittal and coronal balance, causes a significant societal burden of disease. It is an important consequence of the aging adult population, generating a plethora of spine-related interventions with variable treatment efficacy and consistently high costs. Recent years have witnessed more than a threefold increase in the prevalence and treatment of ASD, and further increases over the coming decades are expected with the growing elderly population worldwide. The ability to monitor and assess clinical outcomes has not kept pace with these developments. This paper addresses the pressing need to provide a set of common outcome metrics for this growing group of patients with back pain and other disabilities due to an adult spinal deformity.

Methods
The standard outcome set was created by a panel with global representation, using a thorough modified Delphi procedure. The three-tiered outcome hierarchy (Porter) was used as a framework to capture full cycle of care. The standardized language of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF) was used.

Results
Consensus was reached on a core set of 25 WHO-ICF outcome domains (‘What to measure’); on the accompanying globally available clinician and patient reported measurement instruments and definitions (‘How to measure’), and on the timing of the measurements (‘When to measure’). The current work has brought to light domains not routinely reported in the spinal literature (such as pulmonary function, return to work, social participation), and domains for which no adequate instruments have yet been identified (such as how to clinically quantify in routine practice lumbar spinal stenosis, neurogenic claudication, radicular pain, and loss of lower extremity motor function).

Conclusion
A standard outcome set was developed for patients undergoing treatment for adult spinal deformity using globally available outcome metrics. The current framework can be considered a reference for further work, and may provide a starting point for routine methodical and systematic monitoring of outcomes. Post-COVID e-health may accelerate the routine capture of these types of data.
Household Food and Water Emergency Preparedness Practices Across the United States
Authors: Hiatt Erin , Belliard Carla , Lloyd Call Michelle A. , Jefferies Laura K. , Kener Madalyn , Eggett Dennis L. , Richards Rickelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate food and water storage practices in the United States, including the extent that government emergency preparedness guidelines were followed.Methods:Qualtrics panelists (n = 572) completed a 142-item online survey in August 2014. Cognitive interviews (n = 5) and pilot data (n = 14) informed survey development. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Open-ended responses related to water storage preparation were classified into 5 categories.Results:Many respondents reported being somewhat or well prepared to provide food and water for their households during a large-scale disaster or emergency. Only 53% met Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines to have water last at least 3 days. Based on respondents’ self-report, it appeared that those who prepared personally-filled containers for water did not carefully follow FEMA instructions. Most respondents had non-perishable foods available, with 96% meeting the FEMA guidelines of at least 3 days of storage.Conclusion:Households were generally prepared to provide food and, to a lesser extent, water in emergency situations, but were not consistently following FEMA guidelines. Additional easy-to-follow, evidence-based information may better help citizens accurately implement food and water storage emergency preparedness guidelines.
A Malaysian Medical Non-Governmental Organization’s (NGO) Experience in the Emergency Response for COVID-19, Using the Whole-of-Society Collaborative Concept
Authors: Abd Samat Azlan Helmy , Abdul Rashid Aneesa , Mohd Yunus Nur Asyikin , Salim Ahmad Munawwar Helmi , Musa Husna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) are one of the important players during a pandemic, including the Islamic Medical Association of Malaysia (IMAM) Response and Relief Team (IMARET). During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, IMARET played a key role in assisting health relief efforts in Malaysia. We are sharing this experience as a medical NGO’s response to the pandemic. This report presents data from the March 18 to June 10, 2020, retrieved from IMARET’s database with approval from the Executive Committee and the IMARET COVID-19 Task Force. We report that IMARET’s task force consists of 30 people, mostly medical doctors. Supplies distributed included personal protective equipment with other medical equipment, such as portable ultrasounds and ventilators. IMARET engaged with 33 collaborators and 92 partners and funders. There were 135 volunteers with the majority being medical volunteers. IMARET raised more than RM $3 million (US $740 000) garnering support from over 40 000 donors in 85 days. In conclusion, NGOs play a significant role that effectively enhance and complement the consolidated works by the authorities and public in the effort to overcome COVID-19 challenges.
So close and yet so far: U–Pb geochronological constraints of the Jaibaras Rift Basin and the intracratonic Parnaíba Basin in SW Gondwana
Authors: Cerri Rodrigo I. , Warren Lucas V. , Varejão Filipe G. , Silva Alex J. Choupina A. , Lana Cristiano , Assine Mario L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral sag-type basins apparently developed from rift systems, but there is no consensus about how and if these grabens influenced the sedimentation of the post-rift thermal subsidence phase. The Ediacaran Jaibaras Rift Basin is one of the best-exposed sedimentary records among the NE Brazil late Precambrian – early Cambrian rift system, cropping out at the eastern margin of the intracratonic Parnaíba Basin and extending below it towards the west. Here we present detrital zircon U–Pb ages of rocks from the Jaibaras (Aprazível Formation) and Parnaíba (Ipu Formation) basins, in order to understand the provenance patterns, maximum depositional ages (MDA) and age relationship between these units. The MDA for the Aprazível Formation (c. 499 ± 5 Ma) indicates a Cambrian age for the upper part of the Jaibaras Basin. The bulk U–Pb data indicate that the Ipu Formation started to deposit during late Cambrian and/or Early Ordovician time, despite its MDA (c. 528 ± 11 Ma) being older than that of the Aprazível Formation. Detrital zircon provenance suggests that the primary source areas for the early deposits of the Parnaíba Basin were mountains related to the Brasiliano Orogeny to the south and SE (e.g. Rio Preto and Riacho do Pontal metamorphic belts). Finally, our data emphasize the key change in source areas from the rift to the initial deposition of the intracratonic phase, indicating major depositional style changes between both basins after the Gondwana assembly.
Mojeño Trinitario
Authors: Rose Françoise 
Published: April 2021

Mojeño Trinitario (Glottocode: trin1274) is a variety of Mojeño, an indigenous language of the Arawak family spoken in Lowland Bolivia. The Trinitario variety of Mojeño is spoken in the Isiboro-Secure Indigenous Territory, the Multiethnic Indigenous Territory, along the Mamoré river, in Trinidad and around the villages of San Lorenzo de Moxos and San Francisco de Moxos (Figure 1). It is spoken by around 3000 speakers () and is endangered by the gradual loss of inter-generational transmission (Crevels 2002). Old Mojeño data (Marbán 1702) has been crucial in the identification of the Arawak family, when Gilij compared it to the Maipure language (Gilij 1780–1784).
TRAYECTORIAS DE MODERNIZACIÓN INDUSTRIAL Y CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA, 1970–2017
Authors: Vázquez-López Raúl 
Published: April 2021

RESUMENEste artículo analiza las trayectorias de modernización estructural para la industria de ocho países latinoamericanos (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú, Uruguay) desde 1970 hasta la fecha. Desde una perspectiva teórica estructuralista que explora las interacciones dinámicas entre el cambio estructural y el escalamiento tecnológico, se construye un índice de modernización. Los hallazgos muestran que el establecimiento de modelos económicos neoliberales en Latinoamérica a partir de los años ochenta, significó un punto de ruptura en estas trayectorias. Mientras la racionalización de procesos productivos por parte de las empresas implicó un desplazamiento del empleo en dirección de usos de baja productividad relativa, el desarrollo de industrias intensivas en capital e insertas en dinámicas globales, no impulsó la modernización estructural debido a la naturaleza de las tareas efectuadas. Los ejercicios permiten esbozar una primera tipología en términos de las carencias más apremiantes de cada caso.
Interventions for child and youth anxiety disorders: Involving parents, teachers, and peers
Authors: Barrett Paula M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Child and youth anxiety are the most common problem experienced during the school years. We know that we can effectively treat and prevent childhood anxiety by using individual, group, and community-based interventions that involve parents, peers, and educators. Recent research has shown that children who experience anxiety often develop depression in adolescence. Therefore, it is important to disseminate anxiety Intervention strategies both for the prevention of anxiety and, in the longer term, of depression Problems. Australia is a leading country in the development, evaluation, and Implementation ofsuch strategies. This paper describes, in detail, a community-based Intervention program.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian adolescents over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sbaraini Mariana , Cureau Felipe Vogt , Ritter Julianna do Amaral , Schuh Daniela Schneid , Madalosso Mariana Migliavacca , Zanin Gabriella , Goulart Maíra Ribas , Pellanda Lucia Campos , Schaan Beatriz D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To estimate the burden of excess weight in Brazilian adolescents.Design:Systematic review with meta-analysis.Setting:We searched the literature in four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO and LILACS). Studies were included if they had cross-sectional or cohort design and enrolled Brazilian adolescents. Studies based on self-reported measures were excluded. Random effect models were used to calculate prevalence estimates and their 95 % CI.Participants:Brazilian adolescents (10 to 19 years old).Results:One hundred and fifty-one studies were included. Trend analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of excess weight in the last decades: 8·2 % (95 % CI 7·7, 8·7) until year 2000, 18·9 (95 % CI 14·7, 23·2) from 2000 to 2009, and 25·1 % (95 % CI 23·4, 26·8) in 2010 and after. A similar temporal pattern was observed in the prevalence of overweight and obesity separately. In sensitivity analyses, lower prevalence of excess weight was found in older adolescents and those defined using International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. The Southeast and South regions had the highest prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity. No significant difference in prevalence by sex was found, except for studies before the year 2000.Conclusions:The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adolescents is high and continues to rise. Public policies on an individual level and targeting modifications in the obesogenic environment are necessary.
Review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment management of pancreatic cancer: towards personalised medicine
Authors: Osei Ernest , Oghinan Christabel , Asare Akua , Ho Hillary , Manful Solomon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality and accounts for approximately 2·7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and 6·4% of all cancer mortalities in Canada. It has a very poor survival rate mainly due to the difficulty of detecting the disease at an early stage. Consequently, in the advancement of disease management towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variabilities into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, capable of early diagnosis of symptomatic patients and early detection of the disease in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer.Materials and methods:We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on biomarkers for the management of pancreatic cancer. In this narrative review paper, we describe 13 clinical and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.Conclusions:Current and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with high specificity and sensitivity has the potential to account for individual patient variabilities, for early detection of disease before the onset of metastasis to improve treatment outcome and patients’ survival, help screen high-risk populations, predict prognosis, provide accurate information of patient response to specific treatment and improve patients monitoring during treatment. Thus, the future holds promise for the use of effective clinical biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers for personalised patient-specific targeted medicine for pancreatic cancer.
The Role of Multilateralism of the WTO in International Trade Stability
Authors: Chowdhury Abdur , Liu Xuepeng , Wang Miao , Wong M. C. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe look at the effect of the WTO on stabilizing international trade using both a fixed-effects and an event study approach. Our results show that WTO members experience lower trade volatilties in a predictable and integrated system. In addition, we focus on the trade volatility comovement among countries in a multilateral framework. Previous research has mainly focused on WTO membership in a bilateral trade framework, which only allows interactions between two trade partners without considering any possible influence from other countries. A bilateral trade framework does not fully capture the effect of WTO membership, nor does it investigate why the multilateral platform of the WTO should exist. With a unique setup estimating interactions among multiple trading dyads, we find strong evidence supporting positive correlation or comovement of trade volatilities across trading pairs. Such a comovement appears much stronger among WTO members than between WTO and non-WTO members. Due to the feedback mechanism among dyads in a multilateral framework, such as the WTO, bilateral trade stability may further stabilize the global trade. Our results remain robust to a battery of sensitivity checks.
Neuroimaging studies exploring the neural basis of social isolation
Authors: Zovetti Niccolò , Rossetti Maria Gloria , Perlini Cinzia , Brambilla Paolo , Bellani Marcella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to the social brain hypothesis, the human brain includes a network designed for the processing of social information. This network includes several brain regions that elaborate social cues, interactions and contexts, i.e. prefrontal paracingulate and parietal cortices, amygdala, temporal lobes and the posterior superior temporal sulcus. While current literature suggests the importance of this network from both a psychological and evolutionary perspective, little is known about its neurobiological bases. Specifically, only a paucity of studies explored the neural underpinnings of constructs that are ascribed to the social brain network functioning, i.e. objective social isolation and perceived loneliness. As such, this review aimed to overview neuroimaging studies that investigated social isolation in healthy subjects. Social isolation correlated with both structural and functional alterations within the social brain network and in other regions that seem to support mentalising and social processes (i.e. hippocampus, insula, ventral striatum and cerebellum). However, results are mixed possibly due to the heterogeneity of methods and study design. Future neuroimaging studies with longitudinal designs are needed to measure the effect of social isolation in experimental v. control groups and to explore its relationship with perceived loneliness, ultimately helping to clarify the neural correlates of the social brain.
Himalayan‐Tibetan Erosion Is Not the Cause of Neogene Global Cooling
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Jonell Tara N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUplift and erosion of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau have resulted in the deposition of some of the largest sedimentary masses on Earth. Chemical weathering of these materials has been invoked as a primary driver of long‐term global cooling because weathering of silicate material consumes atmospheric CO2. We here combine geochemical data from scientific drill sites in the Arabian and South China Seas, together with sediment mass flux budgets, to estimate changes in chemical weathering fluxes for the Indus, Mekong, and Pearl river systems. The rate of CO2 consumption decreased by 50% between ∼16 and 5.3 Ma, especially in the Indus system, as onshore erosion slowed and provenance shifted away from mafic arc units in the suture zone. Falling chemical weathering fluxes during a period of global cooling refutes the idea that Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau uplift drove Neogene global cooling.
Lightning Initiation From Fast Negative Breakdown is Led by Positive Polarity Dominated Streamers
Authors: Huang Anjing , Cummer Steven A. , Pu Yunjiao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence of positive polarity dominated streamers preceding fast negative breakdown (FNB) and of simultaneous positive and negative polarity streamer development in lightning initiation is reported. Observations of lightning initiation as FNB have remained a puzzle because simulations of lightning initiation have shown that negative streamers are not produced in virgin air without simultaneous positive streamers. Here, the authors observe positive streamer development forms first or at least simultaneously with negative streamers. Further evidence comes from observations of mixed fast breakdown (FB). The overall trajectory of the positive breakdown during such mixed events indicates that the positive streamers continuously propagate during the burst of strong negative breakdown. These observations indicate that even when negative streamers dominate the overall very high frequency (VHF) emissions, both positive and negative streamers are propagating simultaneously from the initiation point. These findings on the structure and dynamics of FB provide key new insight to our understanding of lightning initiation.
Changes in Internal Wave‐Driven Mixing Across the Arctic Ocean: Finescale Estimates From an 18‐Year Pan‐Arctic Record
Authors: Dosser H. V. , Chanona M. , Waterman S. , Shibley N. C. , Timmermans M.‐L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Arctic climate is changing rapidly, with dramatic sea ice declines and increasing upper‐ocean heat content. While oceanic heat has historically been isolated from the sea ice by weak vertical mixing, it has been hypothesized that a reduced ice pack will increase energy transfer from the wind into the internal wave (IW) field, enhancing mixing and accelerating ice melt. We evaluate this positive ice/internal‐wave feedback using a finescale parameterization to estimate dissipation, a proxy for the energy available for IW‐driven mixing, from pan‐Arctic hydrographic profiles over 18 years. We find that dissipation has nearly doubled in summer in some regions. Associated heat fluxes have risen by an order of magnitude, underpinned by increases in the strength and prevalence of IW‐driven mixing. While the impact of the ice/internal‐wave feedback will likely remain negligible in the western Arctic, sea‐ice melt in the eastern Arctic appears vulnerable to the feedback strengthening.
First Simultaneous Observation of STEVE and SAR Arc Combining Data From Citizen Scientists, 630.0 nm All‐Sky Images, and Satellites
Authors: Martinis C. , Nishimura Y. , Wroten J. , Bhatt A. , Dyer A. , Baumgardner J. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn September 28, 2017 citizen scientist observations at Alberta, Canada (51°N, 113° W) detected aurora and a thin east‐west purplish arc, known as strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) that lasted less than 20 min. All‐sky imagers at subauroral latitudes measured stable auroral red (SAR) arcs during the entire night. The imager at Bridger, MT (45.3°N, 108.9°W) also measured a STEVE. The overlapping geometry allowed to determine that the height of STEVE was 225–275 km. STEVE is brighter in the 630.0 nm images in the West and almost merges with the SAR arc in the East. A DMSP satellite pass in the southern hemisphere was at the conjugate location of the Bridger imager during the STEVE observation. When mapped into the northern hemisphere intense subauroral ion drift and subauroral polarization streams were detected associated with the two optical signatures measured in 630.0 nm.
Black Carbon and Secondary Brown Carbon, the Dominant Light Absorption and Direct Radiative Forcing Contributors of the Atmospheric Aerosols Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Chong‐Shu , Qu Yao , Huang Hong , Chen Ji , Dai Wen‐Ting , Huang Ru‐Jin , Cao Jun‐Ji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBlack carbon (BC), primary brown carbon (BrCpri), and secondary brown carbon (BrCsec) are important light‐absorbing aerosol. BC and BrC from the surrounding area can reach the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and influence climate change and glacial melting. Here, we presented a study of the light absorption, radiative forcing, and potential source areas of BC and BrC over the northeastern, central, and southwestern TP. The higher light absorption was observed in the northeastern and southwestern sites compared to the central TP site. The major carbonaceous light‐absorbing was attributed to BC with the percentages of 65%, 56%, and 82% in Ngari, Qinghai Lake, and Beiluhe, respectively. The heighten contribution of BrCsec to total light absorption indicated the importance of BrCsec in the TP, especially in the northeastern and southwestern areas. The BrCsec radiative forcings relative to BC were much higher than those of BrCpri. The potential BC and BrCpri source distributions were obtained.