bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Asymmetric Reduction of Ketoesters Induced by β‐Cyclodextrin Modified by (1S,2S)‐(+)‐1,2‐Diaminocyclohexane
Authors: Wang Zhuo‐Lin , Zhao Yi‐Jun , Xiong Rui , Yang Li‐Rong , Wang Huan , Lu Jia‐Xing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChiral cyclohexanediamine was chemically bonded to β‐cyclodextrin as an inducer to induce the asymmetric reduction of ketoesters under electrochemical conditions. The reaction was carried out in an undivided glass cell to form the optically active products. The whole experiment was carried out under mild conditions without high temperature and high pressure. For the electrochemical asymmetric reduction reaction of ethyl benzoylacetate, 63 % yield and 50 % ee value can be obtained.
Reflective functioning and men's mental health: Associations with resilience and personal growth initiative
Authors: Kealy David , Rice Simon M. , Seidler Zac E. , Oliffe John L. , Ogrodniczuk John S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMentalizing, or reflective functioning, refers to the capacity to reflect on one's own and others' mental states in terms of desires, intentions, and feelings. Reflective functioning in men's mental health is poorly understood, particularly in reference to men's resilience and motivation for personal growth. Using a cross‐sectional design, the present study investigated impaired reflective functioning in relation to resilience and personal growth initiative among men with mental health concerns. An online sample of 1065 men self‐reporting mental health concerns completed measures of reflective functioning, psychological distress, resilience, and personal growth initiative. Logistic regression examined reflective functioning in relation to likely serious mental illness, including interaction with age. Subsequent regression analyses controlled for distress severity in examining associations with resilience and personal growth initiative, and in examining the potential mediating role of reflective functioning. Impaired reflective functioning was significantly associated with serious psychological distress irrespective of age and, after controlling for distress severity, with resilience and personal growth initiative. Moreover, impaired reflective functioning was a significant mediator of the relationship between resilience and personal growth initiative. Findings provide preliminary support for reflective functioning as salient to men's resilience and agency for personal change, indicating a potentially important target in men's mental health work.
Comparing the behaviour of dogs before and after enucleation due to glaucoma
Authors: Bujan Jesus Diaz , Boyd Emma J. , Pont Roser Tetas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose: There is limited literature on owner's attitudes towards enucleation and behavioural changes after enucleation in dogs. The aim of this study is to investigate the owner's perception of canine enucleation as well as gain insight into the behavioural changes of dogs before and after enucleation due to glaucoma.Methods: This retrospective study involved a questionnaire sent to the owners whose dogs were diagnosed with glaucoma and underwent enucleation at the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals between June 2015 and January 2018. Owners were asked about their attitude towards enucleation, and to assess factors that affect their dogs' behaviours (appetite, general activity, playfulness and lethargy) at three time points: before enucleation, immediately after and 2 months after (TMA) enucleation.Results: Twenty‐six of 45 questionnaires were completed and returned by the owners. TMA enucleation showed the most strongly positive responses indicating that owners perceived an improvement in the behaviours of their pets. 96% of participants were happy with their decision to go ahead with the surgery; and no participants regretted opting for enucleation.Conclusion: The present study found expression of “normal” behaviour to increase after enucleation.
Clinicopathological features of cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy in 178 dogs
Authors: Walker Joshua James Allen , Holm Laura Phillipa , Sarmiento Óliver González , Caianiello Rosana , Cortellini Stefano , Walker David John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: One hundred seventy‐eight dogs with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) were evaluated to further the understanding of the natural course of CRGV. CRGV, a form of thrombotic microangiopathy, can cause skin lesions and potentially acute kidney injury (AKI) with a high mortality rate.Methods: Cases were submitted from multiple practices from 2012 until June 2019. Clinical histories and laboratory data were reviewed to describe the features of CRGV.Results: Most cases (91%) occurred between November and May. Fifteen dogs (8.4%) with CRGV were in contact with another dog that developed skin lesions +/– AKI. Limb lesions were present on 144 dogs (80.9%) at presentation. Median time from appearance of a lesion to AKI was 3 days (range –4–45 days). Neurological signs occurred in 33 dogs (18.6%) including at presentation in 2 (1.1%). Systemic signs were present in 13 dogs prior to a skin lesion (7.3%). Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were prescribed prior to AKI identification in 92 of 170 dogs (54.1%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 115 of 137 (83.9%) of dogs.Conclusion: The timeframe over which AKI may develop is longer than previously reported, neurological signs can be identified at presentation or during hospitalisation, and thrombocytopenia is even more common than previously reported.
Comparing two predictive risk models for nematodirosis in Great Britain
Authors: Hopkinson Aidan , Vineer Hannah R. , Armstrong Dave , Stubbings Lesley , Howe Mike , Morgan Eric R. , Graham‐Brown John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Nematodirus battus infection is a major health concern in lambs. Development and hatch of infective larvae on pastures is temperature dependent, making model‐based risk forecasting a useful tool for disease control.Methods: Air and 30 cm soil temperature‐based risk models were used to predict hatch dates using meteorological data from 2019 and compared to infection dates, estimated from the first appearance of N. battus eggs, on 18 sheep farms distributed across Great Britain.Results: The air temperature model was more accurate in its predictions than the soil temperature model on 12 of the 18 farms, but tended to predict late hatch dates in the early part of the season.Conclusion: Overall, the air temperature model appears the more appropriate choice for predicting N. battus peak hatch in the UK in terms of accuracy and practicality, but some adjustment might be needed to account for microclimatic variations at the soil–air interface.
Peripheral vestibular disease caused by Raillietia auris in a Barzona bull in the USA
Authors: White Amelia , Bello Kaitlyn , Malmström Ester , Hicks Karly , Starkey Lindsay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 2.5‐year‐old Barzona bull presented for right‐sided head tilt and decreased libido of three‐week duration. Video otoscopy of the external ear canal revealed severe erythema, stenosis, purulent debris, necrosis and numerous live Raillietia auris mites. Decontamination via saline lavages, injectable ceftiofur and dexamethasone treatments failed. Topical 10% permethrin solution in mineral oil proved efficacious at killing R. auris mites, and injectable tulathromycin and dexamethasone were administered until resolution of the bacterial otitis; however, the head tilt persisted, and the bull was slaughtered. Systemic administration of ceftiofur was not effective as a sole treatment, and topical antimicrobial treatments were significantly limited per Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank regulations. Video otoscopy was a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis and management of the otitis. This case highlights the long‐lasting impact of otitis secondary to R. auris mite infestation and the importance of ectoparasite control and rapid treatment of otitis in bovids.
On weak solutions of boundary value problems within the surface elasticity of Nth order
Authors: Eremeyev Victor A. , Lebedev Leonid P. , Cloud Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA study of existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to boundary value problems describing an elastic body with weakly nonlocal surface elasticity is presented. The chosen model incorporates the surface strain energy as a quadratic function of the surface strain tensor and the surface deformation gradients up to Nth order. The virtual work principle, extended for higher‐order strain gradient media, serves as a basis for defining the weak solution. In order to characterize the smoothness of such solutions, certain energy functional spaces of Sobolev type are introduced. Compared with the solutions obtained in classical linear elasticity, weak solutions for solids with surface stresses are smoother on the boundary; more precisely, a weak solution belongs to where and .
Isolationsmaßnahmen, Diagnostik und Organisation in deutschen Notaufnahmen während der COVID-19-Pandemie 2020
Authors: Finke M. , Pin M. , Bernhard M. , Rovas A. , Pavenstädt H.-J. , Kümpers P. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die deutschen Notaufnahmen arbeiten seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie im Spannungsfeld zwischen hoher Patientendichte und zusätzlichen anspruchsvollen hygienischen und organisatorischen Herausforderungen. Ziel dieser Studie war es einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand bei Isolationsmaßnahmen, Diagnostik und Patientenallokation von COVID-19-Verdachtsfällen zu gewinnen.

Methoden
Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interdisziplinäre Notfall- und Akutmedizin (DGINA) befragten wir Notaufnahmeleiter*Innen im Rahmen einer anonymen Online-Umfrage zu Isolationsmaßnahmen, Diagnostik und Organisation in Notaufnahmen während der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 139 Notaufnahmeleiter*Innen aus allen Bundesländern und allen Versorgungsstufen nach G-BA an der Umfrage teil. In fast allen teilnehmenden Notaufnahmen existieren schriftlich fixierte Verfahrensanweisungen zu COVID-19. Die meisten Notaufnahmen erfragen standardisiert die „klassischen“ COVID-19-Symptome wie Fieber, respiratorische Symptome oder Kontakt zu Corona-Patienten, wobei die Schwelle zur prophylaktischen Isolation sehr unterschiedlich hoch ist und konkrete Maßgaben zur Beendigung der Isolation häufig fehlen. Die individuellen Abstrich- und Allokations-Strategien variieren relativ stark. Weniger als die Hälfte aller Notaufnahmen haben ein gesondertes Procedere für nicht-anamnestizierbare Patienten (z.B. Polytrauma). In ca. 8 % der Verdachtsfälle erfolgt in der Notaufnahme eine COVID-19-spezifische thorakale Computertomographie.

Schlussfolgerung
Zusammenfassend zeigt die aktuelle Umfrage, dass die deutschen Notaufnahmen für den Moment gut aufgestellt. Mit Blick auf eine mögliche Fallzahlsteigerung in den Wintermonaten wäre eine genauere Ausdifferenzierung der bisherigen Empfehlungen des Robert Koch Instituts, speziell für Notaufnahmepatienten, wünschenswert. In diesem Zusammenhang schlagen wir einen universalen Algorithmus zur (Ent-)Isolation von Verdachtsfällen in der Notaufnahme vor.
Sturm theory with applications in geometry and classical mechanics
Authors: Barutello Vivina L. , Offin Daniel , Portaluri Alessandro , Wu Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClassical Sturm non-oscillation and comparison theorems as well as the Sturm theorem on zeros for solutions of second order differential equations have a natural symplectic version, since they describe the rotation of a line in the phase plane of the equation. In the higher dimensional symplectic version of these theorems, lines are replaced by Lagrangian subspaces and intersections with a given line are replaced by non-transversality instants with a distinguished Lagrangian subspace. Thus the symplectic Sturm theorems describe some properties of the Maslov index. Starting from the celebrated paper of Arnol’d on symplectic Sturm theory for optical Hamiltonians, we provide a generalization of his results to general Hamiltonians. We finally apply these results for detecting some geometrical information about the distribution of conjugate and focal points on semi-Riemannian manifolds and for studying the geometrical properties of the solutions space of singular Lagrangian systems arising in Celestial Mechanics.
Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code
Authors: Yarus Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA near-universal Standard Genetic Code (SGC) implies a single origin for present Earth life. To study this unique event, I compute paths to the SGC, comparing different plausible histories. Notably, SGC-like coding emerges from traditional evolutionary mechanisms, and a superior route can be identified. To objectively measure evolution, progress values from 0 (random coding) to 1 (SGC-like) are defined: these measure fractions of random-code-to-SGC distance. Progress types are spacing/distance/delta Polar Requirement, detecting space between identical assignments/mutational distance to the SGC/chemical order, respectively. The coding system is based on selected RNAs performing aminoacyl-RNA synthetase reactions. Acceptor RNAs exhibit SGC-like Crick wobble; alternatively, non-wobbling triplets uniquely encode 20 amino acids/start/stop. Triplets acquire 22 functions by stereochemistry, selection, coevolution, or at random. Assignments also propagate to an assigned triplet’s neighborhood via single mutations, but can also decay. A vast code universe makes futile evolutionary paths plentiful. Thus, SGC evolution is critically sensitive to disorder from random assignments. Evolution also inevitably slows near coding completion. The SGC likely avoided these difficulties, and two suitable paths are compared. In late wobble, a majority of non-wobble assignments are made before wobble is adopted. In continuous wobble, a uniquely advantageous early intermediate yields an ordered SGC. Revised coding evolution (limited randomness, late wobble, concentration on amino acid encoding, chemically conservative coevolution with a chemically ordered elite) produces varied full codes with excellent joint progress values. A population of only 600 independent coding tables includes SGC-like members; a Bayesian path toward more accurate SGC evolution is available.
Late twentieth century increase in northern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) glacier-derived runoff tracked by coralline algal Ba/Ca ratios
Authors: Hetzinger Steffen , Halfar Jochen , Zajacz Zoltan , Möller Marco , Wisshak Max 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Arctic cryosphere is changing rapidly due to global warming. Northern Svalbard is a warming hotspot with a temperature rise of ~ 6 °C over the last three decades. Concurrently, modelled data suggest a marked increase in glacier runoff during recent decades in northern Svalbard, and runoff is projected to increase. However, observational data from before anthropogenic influence are sparse and the potential effects on the surface ocean are unclear. Here, we present a 200-year record of Ba/Ca ratios measured in annual increment-forming coralline algae from northern Spitsbergen as a proxy for past glacier-derived meltwater input. Our record shows a significant increasing trend in algal Ba/Ca ratios from the late-1980s onwards matching modelled regional runoff data, suggesting a drastic increase in land-based runoff. The rate of increase is unprecedented during the last two centuries and captures the impact of amplified warming on the coastal surface ocean in the high Arctic. The algal Ba/Ca runoff proxy offers an opportunity to reconstruct past land-based runoff variability in Arctic settings in high resolution, providing important data for validating and improving climate modelling studies.
Use of music during vaginal birth and caesarean section: an interprofessional survey
Authors: Hepp Philip , Fleisch Markus , Hasselbach Kathrin , Fehm Tanja , Schaal Nora K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence abounds about the beneficial effects of music on patients and healthcare professionals for many medical indications. This study aimed to evaluate the dissemination and use of music in the obstetrical setting.

Methods
Invitations to an online survey were sent to physicians and midwives of all obstetrics departments in Germany. The survey gathered descriptive data as well as information about the personal relation to music and the use of it during vaginal birth (VB) and caesarean section (CS) and whether data about positive or negative effects of music were known to the participant.

Results
In total, there were 293 respondents. The 47% that had the means to play music during CS stated that music was played in 15% of the cases. Most respondents have the means to play music during VB (97%). Music is played in 38% of VB. Regardless of the mode of delivery, music was estimated to be positive for team communication and patient communication. It was also deemed calming and mood lifting on the respondents. Regarding the patient, music during CS and VB was rated as being positive on all scales. Listening to music was recommended more often during VB (66%) than CS (38%).

Conclusions
Although healthcare professionals are mostly aware of the beneficial effects of music in obstetrics, our study shows that music plays a more important role during VB than during CS in Germanys obstetrical wards. There is a lack of equipment to play music in operation theatres where CS take place.
Relationship between the degree of recanalization and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke is mediated by penumbra salvage volume
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Jafarov Hashim , McDonough Rosalie , Austein Friederike , Meyer Lukas , Bechstein Matthias , van Horn Noel , Nawka Marie Teresa , Schön Gerhard , Fiehler Jens , Kniep Helge , Hanning Uta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The presence of metabolically viable brain tissue that may be salvageable with rapid cerebral blood flow restoration is the fundament rationale for reperfusion therapy in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke. The effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) on functional outcome largely depends on the degree of recanalization. However, the relationship of recanalization degree and penumbra salvage has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that penumbra salvage volume mediates the effect of thrombectomy on functional outcome.

Methods
99 acute anterior circulation stroke patients who received multimodal CT and underwent thrombectomy with resulting partial to complete reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale (mTICI) ≥ 2a) were retrospectively analyzed. Penumbra volume was quantified on CT perfusion and penumbra salvage volume (PSV) was calculated as difference of penumbra and net infarct growth from admission to follow-up imaging.

Results
In patients with complete reperfusion (mTICI ≥ 2c), the median PSV was significantly higher than the median PSV in patients with partial or incomplete (mTICI 2a–2b) reperfusion (median 224 mL, IQR: 168–303 versus 158 mL, IQR: 129–225; p < 0.01). A higher degree of recanalization was associated with increased PSV (+ 63 mL per grade, 95% CI: 17–110; p < 0.01). Higher PSV was also associated with improved functional outcome (OR/mRS shift: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85–0.95, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
PSV may be an important mediator between functional outcome and recanalization degree in EVT patients and could serve as a more accurate instrument to compare treatment effects than infarct volumes.
Challenges arising for older workers from participating in a workplace intervention addressing work ability: a qualitative study from Germany
Authors: Sippli Khira , Schmalzried Pia , Rieger Monika A. , Voelter-Mahlknecht Susanne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
Studies examining what renders workplace interventions to sustain and promote work ability of older workers successful have largely neglected older workers´ perspective. This paper outlines the results of a study with regard to older workers´ experiences and expectations of a workplace intervention. Based on these findings, some reflections on how to improve the design and the implementation of workplace interventions for older workers are provided.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with older workers (N = 8) participating in a workplace intervention undertaken at one production site of a large manufacturing company in Baden-Wurttemberg/Germany. The interview guide included questions on participants´ experiences with and expectations of the intervention. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2014).

Results
Older workers´ reported some challenges they face due to their participation in the workplace intervention. These resulted from the work environment (physical challenges), the work process design (new long work cycle), the work organization (tight time allowances, little job rotation, change of teams, age stereotypes) and the management of the workplace intervention (bad information, feeling of occupational insecurity and lack of being valued).

Conclusions
The study shows that challenges arising for older workers from their participation in the workplace intervention may have counteracted the promotion of work ability. As findings suggest, some of these challenges might have been avoided either by considering workers´ perspective during design and implementation of an intervention or by referring to evidence on aging and work ability.
Individuality counts: A new comprehensive approach to foraging strategies of a tropical marine predator
Authors: Schwarz Jonas F. L. , Mews Sina , DeRango Eugene J. , Langrock Roland , Piedrahita Paolo , Páez-Rosas Diego , Krüger Oliver 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForaging strategies are of great ecological interest, as they have a strong impact on the fitness of an individual and can affect its ability to cope with a changing environment. Recent studies on foraging strategies show a higher complexity than previously thought due to intraspecific variability. To reliably identify foraging strategies and describe the different foraging niches they allow individual animals to realize, high-resolution multivariate approaches which consider individual variation are required. Here we dive into the foraging strategies of Galápagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki), a tropical predator confronted with substantial annual variation in sea surface temperature. This affects prey abundance, and El Niño events, expected to become more frequent and severe with climate change, are known to have dramatic effects on sea lions. This study used high-resolution measures of depth, GPS position and acceleration collected from 39 lactating sea lion females to analyze their foraging strategies at an unprecedented level of detail using a novel combination of automated broken stick algorithm, hierarchical cluster analysis and individually fitted multivariate hidden Markov models. We found three distinct foraging strategies (pelagic, benthic, and night divers), which differed in their horizontal, vertical and temporal distribution, most likely corresponding to different prey species, and allowed us to formulate hypotheses with regard to adaptive values under different environmental scenarios. We demonstrate the advantages of our multivariate approach and inclusion of individual variation to reliably gain a deeper understanding of the adaptive value and ecological relevance of foraging strategies of marine predators in dynamic environments.