bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Multidimensionality of Trust: Assessing Finnish Audiences’ Views on the Trustworthiness of Digital News
Authors: Horowitz Minna , Ojala Markus , Matikainen Janne , Jääsaari Johanna 
Published: May 2021

Finland provides an interesting case study on trust in the media in the digital era. The country is known to exhibit the greatest levels of trust in the political establishment and the government, as well as the media. In the Finnish “digital welfare state,” the news is an inseparable part of the mechanism, producing a high level of social trust within the welfare state system, and Finland features the highest level of media freedom and literacy in Europe.
This multimethod study examines different understandings of trust by studying in what ways Finnish audiences experience trust in news, especially when consuming news on digital platforms, and what factors explain trust in different news sources. Our basic premise is that trust can be understood in three ways: as dispositions of individual actors, as the social organization and the relationship between different social nodes and the system, and as a constantly negotiated property of social relations. We apply this three-dimensional framework in two sets of audience survey research data (2019, 2020) and reflect the findings with a focus group and expert interviews as well as with two similar surveys a decade prior.
Our results depict relatively high levels of trust in the media in Finland and surprisingly little change in audiences’ perceptions of trustworthiness compared to the earlier surveys. The most defining characteristic of Finnish audiences is critical trust. Audiences are aware of the impacts of digitization, especially the dangers of social media bubbles and disinformation. They also recognize market-driven imperatives of journalism yet appreciate legacy news media in its different digital forms. Our study indicates that a balance between skepticism and reliance on news outlets can exist in audiences’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of digital news.
Breast cancer in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
Authors: Cheah Seong Keat , Bisambar Chad Ramese , Pitfield Deborah , Giger Olivier , Hoopen Rogier ten , Martin Jose-Ezequiel , Clark Graeme R , Park Soo-Mi , Parkinson Craig , Challis Benjamin G , Casey Ruth T 
Published: May 2021

Summary
A 38-year-old female was identified as carrying a heterozygous pathogenic MEN1 variant (c.1304delG) through predictive genetic testing, following a diagnosis of familial hyperparathyroidism. Routine screening for parathyroid and pituitary disease was negative. However, cross-sectional imaging by CT revealed a 41 mm pancreatic tail mass. Biopsy via endoscopic ultrasound confirmed the lesion to be a well-differentiated (grade 1) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNET) with MIB1<1%. Biochemically, hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was confirmed following an overnight fast, which was subsequently managed by diet alone prior to definitive surgery. Pre-operative work-up with octreotide SPECT CT demonstrated avid tracer uptake in the pancreatic lesion and, unexpectedly, a focal area of uptake in the left breast. Further investigation, and subsequent mastectomy, confirmed ductal carcinoma in situ pT2 (23 mm) grade 1, N0 (ER positive; HER2 negative). Following mastectomy, our patient underwent a successful distal pancreatectomy to resect the pNET. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the MEN1 locus was found in both the breast tumour and pNET, thereby in keeping with a 'two-hit' hypothesis of oncogenesis, a suggestive but non-definitive clue for causation. To obtain further support for a causative relationship between MEN1 and breast cancer, we undertook a detailed review of the published literature which overall supports the notion that breast cancer is a MEN1-related malignancy that presents at a younger age and histologically, is typically of ductal subtype. Currently, clinical guidance regarding breast cancer surveillance in MEN1 does not exist and further research is required to establish a clinical and cost-effective surveillance strategy).

Learning points

We describe a case of pNET and breast cancer diagnosed at a young age of 38 years in a patient who is heterozygous for a pathogenic MEN1 variant. Loss of the wild-type allele was seen in both breast tissue and pNET specimen.

Breast cancer may be an under-recognised MEN1-associated malignancy that presents at a younger age than in the general population with a relative risk of 2–3.

Further research is required to determine the cost-effectiveness of breast cancer surveillance approach at a younger age in MEN1 patients relative to the general population
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Improved AcroQoL scores in acromegaly after sagittal split ramus osteotomy with Le Fort I osteotomy
Authors: Taguchi Tomomi , Kimizuka Sachiko , Takano Koji 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Acromegaly is associated with a low quality of life (QoL), which is partially attributable to appearance. However, appearance changes are only partially reversible with treatments of growth hormone excess. This case study describes a 41-year-old Japanese man who presented with mandibular prognathism. Acromegaly was suspected because of the patient’s facial features. Subsequent examination revealed a pituitary tumour with elevated levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), confirming a diagnosis of acromegaly. We assessed his QoL with the acromegaly QoL questionnaire (AcroQoL) before transsphenoidal surgery, and all AcroQoL scores were low. Although the pituitary adenoma was resected, his serum IGF1 levels started to increase again and MRI identified a residual pituitary lesion. After lanreotide and pegvisomant injection therapies improved his serum IGF1 levels, we reassessed his AcroQoL scores, however, the results showed worsening scores regarding appearance and personal relationships, and the patient expressed interest in surgery for mandibular prognathism. We performed sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with Le Fort I osteotomy, thus, the patient’s AcroQoL scores improved. This case shows that SSRO with Le Fort I osteotomy for mandibular prognathism, rather than control of serum IGF1 level alone, improved the patient’s AcroQoL score, especially for both psychological well-being and approval of appearance. Acromegaly has many complications, including its negative impact on patients’ perception of their appearance and patients’ QoL can be improved using multiple options, in addition to controlling growth hormone levels.

Learning points

The patient’s AcroQoL scores worsened despite biochemical normalization of IGF-1 levels.

Mandibular prognathism due to acromegaly can be successfully operated by performing sagittal split ramus osteotomy with Le Fort I osteotomy.

Frequent monitoring of AcroQoL scores and appropriate response to negative results can improve the overall QoL.
Characteristics of benign adrenocortical adenomas with 18F-FDG PET accumulation
Authors: Ishiwata Kazuki , Suzuki Sawako , Igarashi Katsushi , Ruike Yutaro , Naito Kumiko , Ishida Akiko , Deguchi-Horiuchi Hanna , Fujimoto Masanori , Koide Hisashi , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Although 18F-FDG PET was originally developed to evaluate benign and malignant tumors, the frequency of detection of benign adrenocortical adenomas showing FDG-PET accumulation has increased. However, the details of FDG-PET-accumulated benign adrenocortical adenomas have not been elucidated.

Methods
To elucidate the pathophysiology of FDG-PET-positive cortisol-producing adrenal tumors, we performed clinicopathological and genetic analyses of adrenocortical adenomas examing FDG-PET in 30 operated patients with unilateral cortisol-producing adrenal tumors (26 adrenal adenomas and 4 adrenal cancers).

Results
All adrenocortical carcinomas and 17/26 (65%) benign adrenocortical adenomas showed high FDG accumulation (SUVmax ≥ 3). In adrenocortical adenomas with high FDG accumulation (SUVmax ≥ 3), SUVmax showed a positive correlation with the CT Hounsfield units. A higher SUVmax showed a clear black adenoma appearance with predominantly compact cells, which exhibited high T1 and T2 signals, a lack of signal drop on out-of-phase imaging on MRI, and less accumulation on 131-I adsterol scintigraphy. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant increases in the lysosomal and autophagy pathways and metabolic pathways, including glycolysis through glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and 3, in black adenomas with high-level FDG accumulation.

Discussion
A black adenoma is blackish due to lipofuscin, which accumulates as a result of damaged mitochondria or proteins that escape lysosomal degradation or autophagy. Since FDG in PET is taken up via GLUTs, alteration of the intracellular metabolic dynamics associated with mitochondrial damage in black adenomas may increase PET accumulation.

Conclusion
Black adrenal adenomas should be considered with adrenal tumors showing PET accumulation and low lipid contents.
Development of the method of operational forecasting of fire in the premises of objects under real conditions
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Andronov Vladimir , Rybka Evgenіy , Samoilov Mikhail , Krainiukov Olekcii , Biryukov Igor , Butenko Tetiana , Bezuhla Yuliia , Karpets Kostiantyn , Kochanov Eduard 
Published: May 2021

A method for operational forecasting of fires is proposed that enables the sequential implementation of five procedures. The method development is necessary to predict early fires in premises in order to take measures to prevent them from escalating into an uncontrolled combustion phase ‒ a fire. As a result of research, it was found that a short-term forecast of the recurrence of increments of the air conditions by one step, based on the current measure of recurrence, is an effective indicator of early fires in premises. At the same time, it was found that before the moment of ignition of the material, the state of the air environment is characterized by dynamic stability, which is described by an irregular and time-dependent random change in the recurrence of the states of the vector of current increments of the state of the air environment. The values of the indicated levels of recurrence of the state increments are determined by the probability levels of 0.67 and 0.1, respectively. The probability of recurrence of state increments of 0.67 is characteristic of a larger number of measured states. When the material is ignited, the dynamics of the probability of recurrence of state increments change abruptly. There is a transition from two to one level of recurrence, close to zero probability ‒ the loss of dynamic stability (in the region of count 250). Further dynamics are characterized by the appearance of separate random recurrent increments corresponding to the instability of the air environment in the premises. In the course of the experiment, it was found that the accuracy of predicting a fire by the proposed method ranges from 4.48 % to 12.79 %, which generally indicates its efficiency. The obtained data prove useful in the development of new systems that early warn of fire in premises, as well as in the modernization of existing systems and means of fire protection of premises
Designing a shock test system prototype based on a hydroelastic drive
Authors: Sheremet Oleksii , Kiriienko Tetiana , Besh Andrii , Sheremet Kateryna 
Published: May 2021

Laboratory shock tests involve the reproduction of simple one-time and repeated pulses of a certain waveform. In practice, such mechanical impacts on an object are implemented at specialized testing equipment ‒ shock systems.
A promising direction in the development of shock machines includes the structures that operate on the energy of elastic deformation of the compressed liquid and the shell of the vessel that contains it. Such systems make it possible to improve the versatility, manageability, and accuracy of impact tests.
Underlying this study is the use of a hydroelastic drive to design a prototype of the automated electro-hydraulic system for a shock test system.
The proposed shock test system prototype makes it possible to expand the functionality of the installations to perform impact tests with a series of pulses, as well as improve manageability and increase the level of automation. The main feature of the proposed structural scheme is that the reconfiguration for a new impact pulse occurs very quickly. Owing to the presence of a driven rotary drum with braking devices, the bench makes it possible to generate a shock pulse repetition frequency of 1‒2 Hz.
The constructed mathematical model of the shock machine takes into consideration the inertia of moving masses, the rigidity of the liquid or "one-way" spring of the charging chamber, as well as the influence of dampers on which the test platform rests. The variables in the mathematical model are linked by differential equations describing two periods within a shock system work cycle: charging and pulse generation. The model's practical value is to determine the dynamic characteristics of the test installation, as well as to calculate the required structural and technological parameters.
The differential equations describing the movements at the shock machine have been solved in a numerical way. The study results have established the optimal value (in terms of minimizing the overload on an article on the return stroke of the rod) for the damping factor of the braking device, which is 13,000 kg/s. In this setting, the ratio of the amplitude of acceleration on the reverse stroke to the amplitude of effective acceleration during tests is reduced to a minimum of 0.195
Determining the dissipative properties of a flexible pipeline’s material at stretching in the transverse direction taking its structural elements into consideration
Authors: Nazarenko Sergii , Kovalenko Roman , Gavryliuk Andrii , Vinogradov Stanislav , Kryvoshei Borys , Pavlenko Sergey , Boikov Igor , Muzichuck Volodymyr , Kalinin Pavel 
Published: May 2021

This paper reports an experimental study that determines the dissipative properties of a pressure fire hose, the type of «T», whose inner diameter is 77 mm, under the static load conditions, taking into consideration the structural elements of the hose in the transverse direction. For this study, experimental samples were separated from the different sections of the hose. The study involved both the outer fabric reinforced frame and the internal waterproofing rubber layer of the pressure fire hose. A series of field experiments were carried out while stretching the samples under the conditions of static loading-unloading cycles. The tests included 7 cycles, which were carried out in a two-minute interval for the material of the hose. The study results showed that during the first two to three cycles, the materials manifest a short-term creep that stabilizes under modes 4‒7. The results from experimental research were approximated by polynomial trend lines. The deformation of samples demonstrated the curves that, under the conditions of cyclic loading and unloading, formed hysteresis loops. When analyzing the appropriate curves, it was found that, first, during the first two-three loading-unloading cycles the area of the hysteresis loops decreases, second, the inclination angle of hysteresis loops also decreased during each subsequent loading-unloading cycle.
It was established that the dissipation coefficients of the hose material stretched in the transverse direction are significantly reduced under the first three test modes in the range from 0.49 to 0.37. At subsequent tests (cycles 4–7), dissipation coefficients stabilize at the level of 0.18 for the reinforced frame, and 0.316 for the rubber layer
Designing a kinematic module with rounding to model the processes of combined radial-longitudinal extrusion involving a tool whose configuration is complex
Authors: Hrudkina Natalia , Aliiev Igramotdin , Markov Oleg , Savchenko Iurii , Sukhovirska Liudmyla , Tahan Liubov 
Published: May 2021

It is advisable that parts whose shape is complex and which are made from solid or hollow blanks should be made by means of transverse and combined radial-longitudinal extrusion. The variation of manufacturing modes, tool configurations (in the form of chambers and rounding of the transitional sections of matrices) requires an adequate preliminary assessment of the force regime and the features of part shape formation. This paper has proposed a curvilinear kinematic module of the trapezoidal form for modeling radial-longitudinal extrusion processes in the presence of matrix rounding. Given the impossibility of using a quarter-circle boundary for the kinematically assigned possible velocity field, it has been proposed to use approximate curves in the form of z1(r) and z2(r). Taking into account the slightest deviation in the length of the arc of the approximate curve z1(r) and the area of the curvilinear trapezoid bounded by it relative to a quarter of the circle (not exceeding 0.8 % for any ratio), it has been recommended using this particular replacement. We have performed calculations of the value of the reduced deformation pressure inside the kinematic module with rounding taking into consideration the power of cutting forces at the border with adjacent kinematic modules. As an example, the devised module with rounding embedded in the estimation scheme of radial extrusion was analyzed. A significant impact of friction conditions on the force mode and the corresponding optimal value of the rounding radius have been identified. The resulting kinematic module makes it possible to expand the capabilities of the energy method for modeling cold extrusion processes involving the tools of complex form according to new deformation schemes. That could contribute to preparing recommendations on the optimal tool configuration and more active industrial implementation of these processes
Development of effective fiber-reinforced concrete compositions used in transportation structures
Authors: Ahmadov Nizami , Shirinzade Irade 
Published: May 2021

The possibility of producing fiber-reinforced concrete with high deformation properties by regulating the microstructure and using it in the design of transport structures was considered. It was found that to create high-performance transport structures, it is necessary to modify fiber mixtures with complex additives, i. e. increase the strength of fiber-reinforced concrete at the micro-level. To obtain a denser structure of the concrete matrix, complex additives were used – ultrafine additive (silica fume) and Master Air 200 B air-entraining additive. It was experimentally proved that using such additives reduces the water-cement ratio and further strengthens the concrete matrix structure.
The design of the unloading structure on the railway line constructed from the Karadag station (Republic of Azerbaijan) to the SOCAR oil and gas processing and petrochemical complex using fiber-reinforced concrete modified with complex additives was made. The results of designing the fiber-reinforced concrete unloading structure were analyzed and the results of designing the fiber-reinforced concrete unloading structure and the regular concrete unloading structure were compared. As a result of the comparison, it was found that using fiber-reinforced concrete decreases the cross-section diameter of the effective reinforcement of the slab – the cross-section diameter of the effective reinforcement of the pavement slab decreases from Æ2×32 mm to Æ32 mm in the upper and Æ25 mm in the lower row, respectively. Crack resistance is also increased compared to regular concrete.
Thus, in order to create structures with high transport and operational parameters, it is necessary to modify fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures with complex additives
Synthesis of Ni(OH)2, suitable for supercapacitor application, by the cold template homogeneous precipitation method
Authors: Kovalenko Vadym , Kotok Valerii 
Published: May 2021

α-Ni(OH)2 obtained by template homogeneous precipitation exhibits high electrochemical activity in supercapacitors. The main disadvantage is the high energy consumption for maintaining a high temperature during synthesis. To reduce energy consumption, it is proposed to lower the synthesis temperature. In the study, α-Ni(OH)2 was obtained by the method of cold template homogeneous precipitation using Culminal C8465 (0.5 %) as a template for 6 months at t=20–35 °С. The electrochemical characteristics of the sample were studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling of a pasted binder-free electrode made without introducing an external binder in the supercapacitor mode. It was determined that low-crystalline α-Ni(OH)2 was formed, consisting of agglomerates of spherical particles. Low specific characteristics of nickel hydroxide were revealed at the beginning of cycling due to blocking of the active surface. It was shown that the specific capacity of the sample increased with further cycling due to the breakdown of aggregates into smaller particles; specific capacities of 80 F/g and 38 mA⋅h/g were obtained. However, the lack of binding properties of the template residues was revealed, resulting in a decrease in specific characteristics. It was concluded that it was necessary to introduce an external binder. A previously undescribed effect of a significant increase in the specific capacity during drying of an alkali-impregnated electrode caused by the disintegration of particle agglomerates during alkali carbonization (the maximum capacity is 135 F/g and 69 mA⋅h/g) was revealed. It was concluded that using the revealed effect of any nickel hydroxide samples obtained by various methods of bulk template synthesis was promising
Devising a method for recognizing the causes of deviations in the development of the plant Aloe arborescens L. using machine learning capabilities
Authors: Kim Gulnar , Demyanenko Alexandr , Savostin Alexey , Iklassova Kainizhamal 
Published: May 2021

This paper considers the process of developing a method to recognize the causes of plant growth deviations from normal using the advancements in artificial intelligence. The medicinal plant Aloe arborescens L. was chosen as the object of this research given that this plant had been for decades one of the best-selling new products in the world. Aloe arborescens L. is famous for its medicinal properties used in medicine, cosmetology, and even the food industry. Diagnosing the abnormalities in the plant development in a timely and accurate manner plays an important role in preventing the loss of crop production yields.
The current study has built a method for recognizing the causes of abnormalities in the development of Aloe arborescens L. caused by a lack of watering or lighting, based on the use of transfer training of the VGG-16 convolutional neural network (United Kingdom). A given architecture is aimed at recognizing objects in images, which is the main reason for using it to achieve the goal set.
The analysis of the quality metrics of the proposed image classification process by specified classes has revealed high recognition reliability (for a normally developing plant, 91 %; for a plant without proper watering, 89 %; and for a plant without proper lighting, 83 %). The analysis of the validity of test sample recognition has demonstrated a similar validity of the plant's classification to one of three classes: 92.6 %; 87.5 %; and 85.5 %, respectively.
The results reported here make it possible to supplement the automated systems that control the mode parameters of hydroponic installations by the world's major producers with the main feedback on the deviation of the plant's development from the specified values