bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the existence of natural heat resilience factors for meiosis
Authors: Zhao (赵) Jiayi (嘉怡) , Fu Huiqi , Wang Zhengze , Zhang Min , Liang Yaoqiong , Cui Xueying , Pan Wenjing , Ren Ziming , Wu Zhihua , Zhang Yujie , Gui Xin , Huo Li , Lei Xiaoning , Wang Chong , Schnittger Arp , Pawlowski Wojciech P , Liu Bing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heat interferes with multiple meiotic processes, leading to genome instability and sterility in flowering plants, including many crops. Despite its importance for food security, the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance of meiosis are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed different meiotic processes in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions Col and Ler, their F1 hybrids, and the F2 offspring under heat stress (37 °C). At 37 °C, Col exhibits significantly reduced formation of double-strand breaks and completely abolished homolog pairing, synapsis, and crossover (CO) formation. Strikingly, Ler and Col/Ler hybrids exhibit normal CO formation and show mildly impacted homolog pairing and synapsis. Interestingly, only 10% to 20% of F2 offspring behave as Ler, revealing that heat tolerance of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis is genetically controlled by several loci. Moreover, F2 offspring show defects in chromosome morphology and integrity and sister chromatid segregation, the levels of which exceed those in either inbreds or hybrids, thus implying a transgressive effect on heat tolerance of meiosis. Furthermore, correlation and cytogenetic analyses suggest that homolog pairing and synapsis have an impact on heat tolerance of chromosome morphology and stability at postrecombination stages. This study reveals natural heat resilience factors for meiosis in Arabidopsis, which have the great potential to be exploited in breeding programs.
An immunohistochemical evaluation of fast twitch muscle formation induced by repeated administration of flavan 3‐ols in mice
Authors: Yoshida Yamato , Shimizu Kenta , Nakamura Hitomi , Fujii Yasuyuki , Fritsch Tilman , Abdelhameed Ali , Calabrese Vittorio , Osakabe Naomi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlavan‐3‐ols (FL) are poorly bioavailable astringent polyphenols that induce hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated oral administration of FL on mice hindlimb skeletal muscle using immunohistochemical techniques. C57BL/6J male mice were orally administered 50 mg/kg of FL for a period of 2 weeks, and bromideoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered intraperitoneally 3 days prior to the dissection. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were excised and prepared for frozen sections. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibodies were used to classify muscle types, in addition, muscle cross‐sectional areas (CSA) were measured. We observed a shift in the peak of CSA in the soleus muscle and to a larger extent in the EDL. In addition, a distinct shift toward fast muscle was detected, documented by a reduction in type I and an increase in type IIb in the soleus muscle, whereas in the EDL, we observed a decline in type IIa and an expansion in type IIb. Incorporation of BrdU into cells was significantly increased in all skeletal muscles, with a significant increase in cells co‐expressing pair box 7 (Pax7), a marker of differentiation, as observed in the EDL. Given the evidence that β2‐adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscles regulate differentiation and size, we measured plasma catecholamine (CA) concentrations following a single differentiation of FL. A single oral dose of FL was observed to significantly increase plasma CA. These findings indicate that catecholamines secreted into the bloodstream from the adrenal gland following oral administration of FL may influence skeletal muscle size and type via β2‐receptors.
Genetic and Clinical-epidemiologic Profile of hRSV in Pediatric Patients in Southern Brazil: A Four-year Hospital Surveillance Study
Authors: Raboni Sonia Mara , Giamberardino Heloisa I. G. , Santos Jucelia S. , Debur Maria do Carmo 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infections primarily cause acute respiratory illness and pediatric hospitalizations. We examined the hRSV molecular epidemiology in a pediatric cohort over a 4-year period and described the interrelationship with clinical data.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 on children with acute respiratory illness. Respiratory viruses were detected using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction and molecular typing was performed by nucleotide sequencing.

Results:
Three hundred fifty-three children with hRSV were included; 207 (36%) samples were submitted to partial G gene sequencing. A total of 58.3% (n = 120) were males, the median age was 2.3 months (interquartile range 1–4), and 36.4% (n = 75) of the children required intensive care unit assistance. Coinfection was detected in 27 (5.7%) children, mainly hRSV and rhinovirus (14.2%). A total of 95.6% of patients had no comorbidities, and prematurity (4.4%) was more frequent among those with comorbidities. hRSV-B was detected in 109 patients (53%) and hRSV-A in 98 patients (47%), with changes in incidence over the period. All the hRSV-A sequences were classified as ON1-like, with genetic lineage GA2.3.5 forming distinct clusters. hRSV-B sequences were identified as BA-like, comprising 3 genetic lineages, GB5.0.2, GB5.0.4a and GB5.0.5a, with variation over time, and a higher severity was associated with hRSV type B GB5.0.2 and GB5.0.4a lineages compared with the GB5.0.5a.

Conclusions:
Both hRSV subtypes showed similar severity and were not linked to comorbidities. Severe cases were more common in young patients and those infected with GB5.0.2 and GB5.0.4a genotypes. Understanding hRSV’s molecular evolution is crucial for tracking new variants and assessing their impact on the effectiveness of emerging vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
Predicting early recurrence in locally advanced gastric cancer after gastrectomy using CT-based deep learning model: a multicenter study
Authors: Guo Xinyu , Chen Mingzhen , Zhou Lingling , Zhu Lingyi , Liu Shuang , Zheng Liyun , Chen Yongjun , Li Qiang , Xia Shuiwei , Lu Chenying , Chen Minjiang , Chen Feng , Ji Jiansong 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Early recurrence in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) portends aggressive biological characteristics and a dismal prognosis. Predicting early recurrence may help determine treatment strategies for LAGC. The goal is to develop a deep learning model for early recurrence prediction (DLER) based on preoperative multiphase computed tomography (CT) images and to further explore the underlying biological basis of the proposed model.

Materials and methods:
In this retrospective study, 620 LAGC patients from January 2015 to March 2023 were included in three medical centers and The Cancer Image Archive (TCIA). The DLER model was developed using DenseNet169 and multiphase 2.5D CT images, and then crucial clinical factors of early recurrence were integrated into the multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier model (DLERMLP). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were applied to measure the performance of different models. The log-rank test was used to analyze survival outcomes. The genetic analysis was performed using RNA-sequencing data from TCIA.

Results:
Using the MLP classifier combined with clinical factors, DLERMLP showed higher performance than DLER and clinical models in predicting early recurrence in the internal validation set (AUC: 0.891 vs. 0.797, 0.752) and two external test sets: test set 1 (0.814 vs. 0.666, 0.808) and test set 2 (0.834 vs. 0.756, 0.766). Early recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival can be stratified using the DLERMLP (all P < 0.001). High DLERMLP score is associated with upregulated tumor proliferation pathways (WNT, MYC, and KRAS signaling) and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion:
The DLERMLP based on CT images was able to predict early recurrence of patients with LAGC and served as a useful tool for optimizing treatment strategies and monitoring.
Trends, age shifts, and potential delayed peaks post-pandemic of early-onset brain and central nervous system cancers in individuals aged 20–49: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Teng Haibo , Yan Ouying , Xiao Chaoxin , Wang Xin , Liu Zhiyong , Xu Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are highly lethal and increasingly affect younger populations aged 20–49, posing significant challenges to global healthcare systems. Current research on early-onset CNS cancer trends is limited and outdated, with uncertain impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the epidemiology of early-onset CNS cancer and the pandemic’s effects.

Methods:
We analyzed incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates for early-onset CNS cancer (age 20–49) from 2019 to 2021 using GBD 2021 data. The global data were categorized into five regions based on the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), reflecting income, education, and fertility rates. Trends over the past 30 years were examined using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and joinpoint analysis, with a focus on 2019–2021. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model predicted post-pandemic impacts on CNS cancer metrics.

Results:
In 2021, global cases of early-onset CNS cancer rose to 50 201.7 (95% UI, 42 864.1–58 187.5), with deaths increasing to 25 023.1 (95% UI, 20 973.8–29 670.8) and DALYs reaching 1 483 019.4 (95% UI, 1 240 923.4–1 756 043.3). The incidence rate increased to 2.1 (95% UI, 1.8–2.5), while mortality rates remained stable at 1.1 (95% UI, 0.9–1.2), and DALY rates decreased to 62.6 (95% UI, 52.4–74.1). Over the past two decades, the incidence of early-onset CNS cancer has steadily increased, particularly in regions with a high SDI and in emerging economies. Although there was a decline in early-onset CNS cancer-related metrics during the pandemic, it is anticipated that global incidence rates will peak between 2035 and 2040.

Conclusion:
This study provides a comprehensive overview of early-onset CNS cancer trends. Despite stable mortality rates, the increasing incidence suggests a growing global burden, with a delayed peak expected due to the pandemic. These findings highlight the need for preventive and control policies targeting early-onset CNS cancer.
Comparison of cerebral technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer perfusion in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia
Authors: Toyli Aili , Hung Guang-Uei , Zhao Chen , Sha Qiuying , Chiu Pai-Yi , Zhou Weihua 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) are closely related neurodegenerative conditions within the Lewy body spectrum. The relationship between DLB and PDD remains debated, with ongoing discussion about whether they are distinct diseases or different manifestations of the same disorder. This study aimed to identify differences in cerebral perfusion patterns between DLB and PDD patients.

Methods
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) imaging was performed on patients diagnosed with DLB (n = 46) and PDD (n = 30). The data were acquired by two SPECT/computed tomography systems from two affiliated centers and were retrospectively recruited under the local ethics approval. Relative tracer uptake levels were calculated across 47 automatically determined regions of interest and 240 subregions. A two-sided Welch’s t-test was employed to evaluate mean perfusion differences, with results further confirmed through a voxel-wise t-test mapping. The Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was used to adjust P-values for multiple comparisons.

Results
The greatest difference in perfusion was in the left associative visual cortex in planes 34 and 36 and the right primary visual cortex in plane 34, with lower mean perfusion observed in PDD patients than those with DLB (P = 0.005).

Conclusion
No statistically significant differences in ECD perfusion were found between DLB and PDD patients. The greatest difference was in the visual cortices, where PDD patients suffered a greater loss of perfusion.
Intensive Asthma Therapy and Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in the Emergency Department Management of Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Chiappetta Melissa , Merolla David M. , Spencer Priya , DeLaroche Amy M. 
Published: December 2024

Objective
The aim of the stud is to determine whether intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) is associated with hospitalization and time to albuterol every 4 hours in a cohort of children who received intensive asthma therapy (IAT) in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included children 2–18 years who received IAT, defined as 3 bronchodilators and corticosteroids within 60 minutes of ED triage, with or without IVMg in the ED between 2019 and 2021. Primary outcome was hospitalization and among hospitalized children, secondary outcome was time to albuterol every 4 hours. Additional secondary outcomes included adjuvant medications, respiratory support, and length of stay.

Results
Among 851 patient encounters, 61% (n = 516) received IAT with IVMg in the ED and most patients were hospitalized (n = 565, 66%). Patients who received IVMg had increased odds of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 25.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.49–42.52, P < 0.001) and a longer time to albuterol every 4 hours (aOR 13.8, 95% CI 9.61–17.75, P < 0.001), even when controlling for demographic and clinical markers of severe asthma. In the adjusted analysis, patients who received IAT with IVMg had increased odds of adjuvant medications in the ED (aOR 7.3, 95% CI 2.97–17.95, P < 0.001) and respiratory support in the ED (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 2.22–5.85, P < 0.001) and the inpatient setting (aOR 3.9, 95% CI 1.87–7.97, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Children who received IAT and IVMg in the ED for management of an acute asthma exacerbation had significantly higher odds of hospitalization without any improvement in the time to albuterol every 4 hours for admitted patients. The results of this observational study underscore the need for randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of IVMg for acute pediatric asthma.
Angiographic Observation of the Perforators of Thoracodorsal Artery and Application of the Perforator Flaps in Repairing Adjacent Wounds
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Cheng-Long , Chen Yong , Wang Min , Zou Ming-Li , Yuan Si-Ming , Zhong Hai-Yan 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
The thoracodorsal artery perforator flap has not been widely used in clinical practice partly due to a lack of imaging evidence. The authors aim to investigate the types of thoracic dorsal artery perforators through angiography and provide our experiences in the utilization of thoracic dorsal artery perforator flaps to repair adjacent wounds.

Methods:
This study was divided into two parts. The first part was an angiography of the thoracodorsal artery in 12 patients based on DSA and CTA images from January 2015 to December 2023. The branches and perforators of the thoracodorsal artery were observed and classified. The second part study, between January 2019 and December 2023, illustrated the clinical application of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap in repairing neighboring wounds in 10 cases where a small area of muscular vascular pedicle was preserved with oblique branch of thoracodorsal artery trunk dissected to extend the pedicle. The donor area of the flap was closed primarily. The patients were followed up to evaluate the functional recovery of the shoulder joint after operation.

Results:
The perforators of thoracodorsal artery were classified into 2 types based on the number and diameter: type I, the dominant perforating type (1–2 dominant perforators plus varying numbers of tiny perforators); and type II, the capillary perforating type (a larger number of tiny perforators without dominant perforators). The diameter of the dominant perforator is >0.5 mm, while the diameter of the capillary perforators is <0.5 mm. In the first part of the study, there were 8 cases of dominant perforating type and 4 cases of capillary perforating type. In the second part of the study, 10 cases of thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps were applied to repair the chest wall (3 cases), the back (1 case), the axilla (2 cases), the shoulder (2 cases) and the upper arm (2 cases). All the flaps fully survived with no complications, such as hematoma and seroma in the donor area. The function of the shoulder joint was not affected in these patients.

Conclusions:
The angiography showed that thoracodorsal artery perforators could be categorized into 2 types, namely the dominant perforators and capillary perforators. The thoracodorsal artery perforator flap with a small area of muscular vascular pedicle can be harvested with blood supply from both types of perforators. With reliable blood supply, flexible selection of tissue volume and minimal muscle injury, it becomes a good choice for repairing wounds on the thoracic-dorsal-shoulder area.
The efficacy of coagulation factor concentrates in the management of patients with trauma-induced coagulopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Itagaki Yuki , Hayakawa Mineji , Takahashi Yuki , Kushimoto Shigeki , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Seki Yoshinobu , Okamoto Kohji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Death in the early phase of trauma is primarily attributable to uncontrolled bleeding exacerbated by trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). A comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on interventions for TIC is needed.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of blood component products and tranexamic acid administrations for severe trauma patients with TIC. We included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. We included studies with patients who required transfusion with any coagulopathy associated with trauma and a detailed definition. The intervention was administration of blood component products and tranexamic acid. The primary outcome of the study was all-cause mortality and transfusion quantity.

Results
Four randomized controlled trials and seven observational studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. In this study, Fibrinogen concentrate (FC), Prothrombin coagulation cofactor (PCC), and Combination administrations of FC and PCC (FC + PCC) administration did not significantly reduce mortality rates. FC, PCC, and FC + PCC administrations significantly reduced RBC transfusions after admission. In addition, PCC administration reduced FFP transfusions during hospital admission. The incidence of thrombotic events was not significantly higher in the FC + PCC, PCC, and rFVIIa groups. Although statistically nonsignificant, multiple organ failure was lower in the FC and FC + PCC groups.

Conclusions
FC and PCC administrations did not significantly reduce mortality. However, FC, PCC, and FC + PCC reduced transfusion rates and complications in patients with coagulopathy-associated trauma. However, the definition of TIC is quite heterogeneous. Thus, the definition of TIC should be defined universally. Furthermore, due to the lack of high certainty of evidence, further well-constructed trials are warranted to investigate the efficacy of blood component products, specifically FC and PCC supplementation for TIC.
Effect of Reproductive Tract Microbiota on Vaginal Fibroblasts in Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Duong Vi , Bergerat Agnes , Pooladanda Venkatesh , Mitchell Caroline M. 
Published: December 2024

Importance
The effect of vaginal bacteria on wound healing is an evolving area of study. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterized by an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, is linked to increased surgical site infections after pelvic surgery. While BV-associated microbes are known to impair epithelial repair, their effects on fibroblasts, which are crucial for wound healing and prolapse recurrence after pelvic organ prolapsesurgery, are unclear. Understanding these interactions can deepen knowledge of vaginal tissue remodeling.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the effects of BV-associated bacteria and commensal lactobacilli on fibroblast cell number and function, using estradiol as a positive control.

Study Design
Fibroblasts were isolated from vaginal wall biopsies of 9 participants undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Cells were co-cultured in media alone, media containing estradiol, and media with cell-free supernatants (CFS) from Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, and Gardnerella vaginalis. Intact cell number was assessed using an lactate dehydrogenase assay at 0, 24, and 48 hours, and ELISA measured IL-6, type I collagen, and fibronectin levels.

Results
Fibroblasts exposed to G vaginalis CFS showed significantly reduced cell number and type I collagen production, with increased fibronectin levels. Cell-free supernatants from L crispatus and L iners did not affect fibroblast proliferation. While some donor cells showed an increase in cell number with estradiol, the change was inconsistent and not statistically significant. IL-6 levels showed a nonsignificant increase with any bacterial CFS.

Conclusions

G vaginalis significantly impairs fibroblast cell number and type I collagen production, suggesting BV-associated microbes may alter fibroblast function, emphasizing the vaginal microbiome’s role in outcomes.
Symptom Documentation Before Antibiotics for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kuzma Alexandra , Critchlow Elizabeth , Koelper Nathanael , Agrawal Surbhi , Dutcher Lauren , Arya Lily 
Published: December 2024

Importance
Documentation of symptoms in the medical record before prescribing antibiotics for urinary tract infection (UTI) could promote antibiotic stewardship.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the number and type of symptoms documented across specialties during encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed to older women with recurrent UTI.

Study Design
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women aged 65 years or older with a diagnosis of recurrent UTI. Patients were included if they had been prescribed an antibiotic for UTI at least twice in 6 months or 3 times in 1 year. Data on number and type of symptoms and urine culture results were extracted and compared across encounters and specialties.

Results
A total of 454 encounters from 175 patients were analyzed. The majority of encounters were in primary care (61.8%), followed by urology/urogynecology (24%), obstetrics and gynecology (9.2%), and emergency department/urgent care (4.8%). The median number of UTI-specific symptoms recorded across specialties was 1 (interquartile range, 0–2) and declined in subsequent encounters. The number of UTI-specific symptoms documented was none in 25%, 1 in 26%, and 2 or more in 49% of encounters. Of the 337 encounters with positive cultures, 19% had no documented UTI-specific symptoms and 9% had no documented symptoms of any kind.

Conclusions
Documentation of urinary symptoms during encounters where antibiotics are prescribed is sparse across specialties for older patients with recurrent UTI. The gap in care identifies an opportunity for improving antibiotic stewardship through improved documentation of urinary symptoms.