bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial experience of magnification tomosynthesis in depiction of suspected microcalcifications: prospective reading study of a novel reconstruction algorithm prototype
Authors: Arlan Kirill , Meretoja Tuomo J , Hukkinen Katja 
Published: February 2025

Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has several limitations with respect to microcalcification depiction. The quality of DBT images may be improved by modifying technical parameters; however, the amount of raw data and postprocessing computational time is unacceptably huge. Therefore, once detected it still seems necessary to take additional spot images to characterize microcalcifications. Additional imaging increases cumulative dose. Radiation risks and protection are raising issues nowadays. Purpose To compare image quality of magnification tomosynthesis (t-spot) and synthetic spot magnification (s-spot) to conventional spot images in characterization of microcalcifications. Material and Methods This prospective single institute reading study includes 45 patients with suspected microcalcifications initially found on mammography and referred to vacuum-assisted biopsy. Conventional spot and DBT were performed. Acquired DBT data were used to reconstruct t- and s-spots. All images were reviewed by four breast radiologists in two sessions. The morphology (BI-RADS) and extent of microcalcifications were recorded. Clinical performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for BI-RADS and Bland–Altman plots for the maximum extent of microcalcifications. Results All four readers preferred t-spot to s-spot. The overall AUC for t-spot was 0.67 and for spot 0.69 with a difference lower than a non-inferiority margin (delta = 0.012, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.067–0.09, P = 0.772). Three readers underestimate the extent of microcalcifications on t-spots for both benign and malignant cases ( P < 0.05). The discordance becomes more evident with the increasing extent of the lesion. Conclusion The performance of conventional and reconstructed spots was similar but reader-dependent and inconclusive.
A novel detail-enhanced wavelet domain feature compensation network for sparse-view X-ray computed laminography
Authors: Long Yawu , Zhong Qianglong , Lu Jin , Xiong Chengke 
Published: February 2025

Background X-ray Computed Laminography (CL) is a popular industrial tool for non-destructive visualization of flat objects. However, high-quality CL imaging requires a large number of projections, resulting in a long imaging time. Reducing the number of projections allows acceleration of the imaging process, but decreases the quality of reconstructed images. Objective Our objective is to build a deep learning network for sparse-view CL reconstruction. Methods Considering complementarities of feature extraction in different domains, we design an encoder-decoder network that enables to compensate the missing information during spatial domain feature extraction in wavelet domain. Also, a detail-enhanced module is developed to highlight details. Additionally, Swin Transformer and convolution operators are combined to better capture features. Results A total of 3200 pairs of 16-view and 1024-view CL images (2880 pairs for training, 160 pairs for validation, and 160 pairs for testing) of solder joints have been employed to investigate the performance of the proposed network. It is observed that the proposed network obtains the highest image quality with PSNR and SSIM of 37.875 ± 0.908 dB, 0.992 ± 0.002, respectively. Also, it achieves competitive results on the AAPM dataset. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness and generalization of the proposed network for sparse-view CL reconstruction.
Contralateral cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) response elicited by AC stimuli
Authors: Jombik Peter , Bahyl Vladimir 
Published: February 2025

Background Cervical VEMP elicited by air-conducted acoustic stimuli (AC cVEMP) is considered as a valuable test for assessment of saccular function. The dominant component of this response, which is composed of a biphasic positive-negative deflexion, can be recorded from the tensed ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is conveyed by inhibitory connections from the irregular saccular afferents. The contralateral response, which has opposite polarity, is in general not studied in clinical practice. It probably reflects excitatory influences conveyed from irregular afferents of the utricle. Objective The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether this contralateral response has any clinical value. Methods AC cVEMPs of 117 control subjects and 353 patients with balance problems and/or BPPV were subjected to retrospective analysis. The contribution of the contralateral excitatory response to the whole response (i.e., amplitudes of the contralateral plus ipsilateral responses) was expressed in percentages calculated according to Jongkee’s formula. Results There was statistically significant increase in the contribution of the contralateral excitatory component to the whole response in patients. Conclusions This may imply somewhat lower vulnerability of the contralateral utricular response to various disease processes and/or aging.
Occupational therapy interventions in facilitating return to work in patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Mullins Abigal , Scalise Olive , Carpio-Paez Brianna , DeShaw Victoria , Jennings Kelcie , Kitchens Riqiea , Hilton Claudia , Mani Karthik 
Published: February 2025

Background Returning to work is one of the common challenges faced by survivors of traumatic brain injury following their injury. A few reviews to date have examined the occupational therapy interventions related to return-to-work post TBI. Objective To examine the interventions that fall under the purview of the field of occupational therapy in facilitating return to work post mild, moderate, or severe traumatic brain injury. Methods The following databases were searched: CINAHL, Ovid, PsychInfo, PubMed, & Scopus. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria (articles published within the past 10 years, adults, & received rehabilitation services for return to work). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses was used to guide this review. Results The most effective intervention approaches that fall under the purview of occupational therapy practice to facilitate return to work in individuals with traumatic brain injury included the use of (i) vocational and work hardening rehabilitation interventions, (ii) a multidisciplinary approach to care, (iii) mental health and cognition focused interventions, and (iv) the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy. Interventions must consider both client and work-related factors to ensure successful outcomes. Conclusions The articles included in this review provided moderate level evidence that multidisciplinary and holistic approaches lead to successful return to work and community reintegration outcomes for individuals with traumatic brain injury. Focusing on client and work-related factors through vocational rehabilitation, cognitive and mental health interventions, and client-centered models of care is recommended to yield better return to work outcomes for traumatic brain injury survivors.
The Use of Fixed and Removable Bite Blocks in Bilateral Buccinator Flap Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Coull Lucy , Bussell Mary , Fallico Nefer 
Published: February 2025

To ascertain the current practice in the United Kingdom with regard to the use of bite blocks and the division of the pedicles in buccinator flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency. To compare the outcomes of fixed and removable bite blocks in buccinator flap surgery, in terms of the incidence of pedicle injury and patient experience. Survey of cleft surgeons in the United Kingdom on their use of bite blocks and division of the pedicles. Retrospective cohort review of consecutive patients that underwent buccinator flap surgery at Salisbury District Hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, comparing the use of fixed and removable bite blocks. Survey of patients who had bite blocks fitted to understand the patient and family experience. Cleft consultants from the United Kingdom and Ireland responded: half (11 of 22) reported using bite blocks and half reported routinely dividing the pedicles, most commonly at 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. In our cohort (19 patients), fixed bite blocks had a higher incidence of pedicle injury (33%) and difficulty eating (78%) than removable bite blocks (20% and 20%, respectively). Generally, parents/patients tolerated the presence of bite blocks and were often unaware of pedicle injury, even in cases of repeated severe biting. There is variation in the current use of bite blocks and pedicle division following buccinator flap surgery in the United Kingdom. In compliant patients, removable bite blocks may be associated with lower complication rates but neither fixed nor removable bite blocks compromise flap integrity.
Ophthalmic findings leading to diagnose chronic myeloid leukemia: A multimodal image case report
Authors: Hoyos Andrea , Lugo Juan Carlos , Pérez-Vergara Valentina 
Published: February 2025

Purpose Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare malignant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Ocular manifestations in CML are infrequent but can be the initial indicators of the disease. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient with suspected hyperviscosity syndrome secondary to CML, based on fundus findings and supported by multimodal imaging. Methods Multimodal imaging was performed to assess the ocular manifestations, before and after treatment. Results The patient presented with posterior segment findings consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome, including retinal hemorrhages, vascular dilation, and tortuosity as demonstrated by multimodal imaging techniques. Further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of CML, and treatment with hydroxyurea, allopurinol, and imatinib led to a significant improvement in visual acuity and resolution of posterior segment findings. Conclusion Ocular manifestations in CML vary widely and include both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Regular ophthalmic examinations are essential for the early detection of relapses or complications. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between ophthalmologists and hematologists for the timely diagnosis and management of ocular manifestations in CML.
Migraines, the multiple sclerosis prodrome, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: Schoeps Vinicius A , Smith Jessica B , Langer-Gould Annette 
Published: February 2025

Background: Multiple studies identified an association between migraines and multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To investigate whether migraines increase MS risk or are part of the MS prodrome. Methods: Incident MS cases and matched controls completed structured interviews that included a detailed headache and MS history. Participants were classified as having migraines if they fulfilled the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. The association between migraine onset concurrent with or before the first MS symptom/index date was estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among the 591 MS cases (70.6% females, 42.0% White), 21.2% developed migraines concurrent with or before the onset of MS compared to 18.7% of the 651 controls (70.4% females, 42.1% White, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.87–1.53). Migraine onset was more likely to occur either concurrently or 1 year before MS symptom onset/index date among MS cases ( n = 18, 14.4%) than controls ( n = 8, 6.6%; aOR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.08–5.86, p = 0.032). However, not when restricted to only those with migraine onset before MS onset. Conclusion: Migraine was associated with an increased odds of MS only when co-occurrence was considered. These findings imply that migraines are part of the constellation of MS onset symptoms rather than a risk factor for or prodromal symptom of MS.
S100A4 participates in sepsis-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier damage by binding to BRD4
Authors: Chen Xiujing , Yang Ping 
Published: February 2025

Background Research has shown that S100A4 is upregulated in endothelial cells when exposed to serum from septic patients. This article aims to explore the role of endogenous S100A4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cells. Methods A septic HUVECs injury model was established using LPS and transfected with siRNA-S100A4 or Ov-BRD4 plasmid. Targets of S100A4 were predicted using online databases, and immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to verify the binding of S100A4 and targets. Cell viability, levels of apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured to assess cell injury. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and the expression of tight junction proteins were measured to assess cell barrier function. Assessed the inflammatory response by measuring the levels of inflammatory factors, the adhesion of THP-1 monocytes, and the expression of adhesion molecules. Results Database prediction and IP verification indicated that S100A4 could bind to BRD4 in LPS-induced HUVECs, and the expression of S100A4 and BRD4 was increased in LPS-induced HUVECs. Interference with S100A4 significantly enhanced the cell viability and TER, reduced the apoptosis, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, and THP-1 adhesion number in LPS-treated HUVECs. Additionally, interference with S100A4 upregulated the expression of Bcl2, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 proteins, and downregulated the expression of BRD4, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin proteins in LPS-induced HUVECs. However, overexpression of BRD4 significantly attenuated the protective effect of interfering with S100A4 on LPS-induced HUVECs. Conclusion S100A4 is involved in LPS-induced inflammatory response and barrier damage in HUVECs by binding to BRD4.
Reduced length of stay and less systemic complications, implementation of the optimized DIEP recovery pathway
Authors: Korpiola Ina , Merkkola-von Schantz Päivi , Surcel Elena , Kauhanen Susanna , Härmä Maiju 
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: The present study aimed to compare patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction with and without the implementation of the new optimized surgical recovery pathway. The new protocol aims to standardize and optimize perioperative management, shorten hospital stays, and lower complication rates for patients undergoing major surgical procedures. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent immediate or delayed DIEP flap breast reconstruction were included in this study. Data regarding patient demographics, timing, laterality of reconstruction, hospital length of stay (LOS), and drain management were collected and compared for the pre-protocol group and the post-protocol group. Results: The pre-protocol group consisted of 65 patients, while the post-protocol group consisted of 68 patients. The two groups had similar total complication rates (pre-protocol 43.1% versus post-protocol 32.4%, p = 0.20). Between the two groups, there was a significantly lower rate of major surgical complications in the post-protocol group (pre-protocol 32.3% versus post-protocol 14.7%, p = 0.016). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding minor surgical complications (pre-protocol 7.7% versus post-protocol 17.6%, p = 0.086). In the pre-protocol group, the mean LOS was 6.1 days (range = 4–10, median = 6); in the post-protocol group, the mean LOS was 3.6 days (range = 3–10, median = 3; p < 0.00001). Majority of the post-protocol patients were discharged on postoperative day 3 ( n = 47, 69.1%). Conclusion: Patients undergoing DIEP flap reconstruction can be discharged earlier without risking their safety by following the new protocol.
CSF IL-6, GDF-15, GFAP and NfL levels in early Alzheimer disease: a pilot study
Authors: Plantone Domenico , Pardini Matteo , Manco Carlo , Righi Delia , Alì Paolo Alessandro , Arnaldi Dario , Pelagotti Virginia , Massa Federico , d’Alessandro Miriana , Bargagli Elena , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: February 2025

Background: Despite their potential usefulness as biomarkers, no study has investigated the interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the core AD CSF biomarkers in the same cohort of AD patients. Objectives: The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the CSF levels of these analytes in patients with AD and assess their clinical relevance in this neurological condition. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: We assessed the levels of NfL, GFAP, GDF-15, TDP-43 and IL-6 in the CSF samples of 52 early AD patients and evaluated their partial reciprocal correlations and those with Abeta42, p-Tau, t-Tau and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), always adding age, sex and educational level as covariates. Results: MMSE score showed a positive correlation with the Aβ 1-42 concentrations ( r = 0.485; p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with GDF-15 concentrations ( r = −0.418; p = 0.002). IL-6 concentrations showed a positive correlation with NfL concentrations ( r = 0.312; p = 0.026) and a negative correlation with TDP-43 concentrations ( r = −0.322; p = 0.021). TDP-43 concentrations showed a positive correlation with GFAP ( r = 0.33, p = 0.018). The mediation analysis suggests that the association between GDF-15 and MMSE is primarily mediated by Aβ 1-42. CSF GDF-15 concentrations were higher in AD patients with low Aβ 1-42 concentrations than those with high Aβ 1-42 concentrations ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that CSF IL-6 levels correlate positively with markers of neuronal damage. CSF TDP-43 levels significantly correlated with GFAP, suggesting a potential link with reactive gliosis and astrocyte activation. In addition, while CSF GDF-15 levels negatively correlate with MMSE scores, mediation analysis revealed that this association is primarily indirect and mediated through Aβ 1-42 levels.
Outcomes of patients with refractory upper GI cancers enrolled in phase I trials: a 10-year analysis from the Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK Drug Development Unit
Authors: Antonella Cammarota , Kroopa Joshi , Farah Aghayeva , Rachel Woodford , Rafael Grochot , Anja Williams , Catherine Smyth Elizabeth , Elisa Fontana 
Published: February 2025

Background: Patients with unresectable upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Although phase I trials provide access to novel therapies, their benefits in this population are unclear. Objectives: We aimed to assess efficacy and survival outcomes of patients with refractory UGI cancers within phase I trials. Design: We conducted a retrospective pooled analysis of phase I trials enrolling patients with advanced UGI cancers who received at least one dose of the study drug at SCRI UK between 2011 and 2023. Methods: Efficacy and survival outcomes, including objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were assessed. Analyses were conducted for the entire cohort and stratified by trial agent class, molecularly matched therapy allocation and receipt of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Patients participating in multiple trials were analysed separately for each study. Results: From 1796 screened patients, 124 with UGI cancers were included in 37 phase I trials. Most were male (75%), with liver or peritoneal metastases (73%), treated with a median of 2 prior therapy lines. Of these, 60% received immunotherapy, 30% small molecules and 10% antibody-drug conjugates. Molecularly matched therapy was given to 22% and 86% received treatment at RP2D. In response-evaluable patients, ORR was 15%, CBR 40%, DCR 86% and median OS was 9.7 months. Treatment at RP2D was significantly associated with higher CBR (odds ratio 4.75, p = 0.04) and prolonged PFS ( p = 0.04). Depth of response and treatment at RP2D were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Participation in phase I trials offers benefits in refractory upper gastrointestinal cancers with compelling results in late-line settings and potential early access to new therapies.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of furanoflavonoids isolated from Pongamia pinnata: DFT calculation, molecular modelling and in vitro studies
Authors: Nguyen Tan Khanh , Thi Pham Khanh Huyen , Trung Truong Tan , Le Nhan Trong , Ho Duc Viet , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Thi Tran Linh Thuy 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study focuses on evaluating the inhibitory activity of pongaglabrone and pongapin, isolated from Pongamia pinnata in our previous research, inhibit α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is a key target for controlling type 2 diabetes, making these compounds promising candidates for further research. Methods In vitro inhibitory activity assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of pongaglabrone and pongapin on α-glucosidase. Computational approaches, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, were employed to assess molecular interactions and stability. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of these compounds were also predicted. Results Pongapin and pongaglabrone demonstrated inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 116.5 ± 5.02 μg/mL and 137.10 ± 14.67 μg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking revealed binding affinities of 7.564 kcal/mol for pongapin and 7.929 kcal/mol for pongaglabone. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed that the complexes between the two compounds and α-glucosidase remained stable over a 200 ns simulation period, indicating favorable interactions and potential inhibitory activity. ADMET analysis suggested that while both compounds are absorbable via the digestive tract, they may present toxicity risks. Conclusion Pongaglabrone and pongapin, based on in vitro and in silico evaluations, demonstrate potential as anti-α-glucosidase agents.