bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeography and phenology of the jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in southern European seas
Authors: Leoni Valentina , Bonnet Delphine , Ramírez‐Romero Eduardo , Molinero Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimGlobal anthropogenic changes have altered biogeography and phenology of marine populations, thereby promoting a spatial reconfiguration in the functioning of marine ecosystems. Among these changes, massive proliferations of jellyfish in temperate latitudes warn of potential alterations in biogeochemical fluxes, ecosystems’ structure and assets, and the services they provide to human welfare. Understanding driving factors shaping large‐scale patterns of jellyfish proliferations is a pressing need in global ecology and sustainability science. Using a comprehensive dataset of the largest blooming scyphomedusae in southern European seas we test, over broad space–time scales, current hypotheses relating jellyfish dynamics to warming and eutrophication.LocationSouthern European seas.Time period1875–2019.Major taxa studiedRhizostoma pulmo.MethodsWe have gathered historical and contemporaneous records of R. pulmo from the Mediterranean and Black Seas over the last two centuries (7,359 records). Generalized statistical models were used to assess the influence of thermal (latitudinal) and productivity (longitudinal) gradients on the biogeographical patterns, and the species’ phenology at large and regional scales.ResultsRhizostoma pulmo abundance exhibited an enhanced magnitude and frequency in recent decades, concurrently with positive temperature anomalies. We found that the latitudinal temperature gradient, but not productivity, shaped long‐term bloom intensity and biogeographical patterns of the species. Our analysis further uncovered a significant effect of the interannual variability of spring temperature on the species’ phenology over the period 2008–2018, with warmer springs favouring an earlier start (c. 3 months) and a longer duration (from 5 to 7 months) of jellyfish season.Main conclusionsAmong the current hypotheses linking jellyfish changes with anthropogenic disturbances, only the warming‐based hypothesis gained support over wide space–time scales, while the eutrophication‐based hypothesis mainly applied at local scales. Hence, biogeographical patterns of R. pulmo are shaped by the latitudinal temperature gradient, while the species bloom dynamics echo variations in ecoregion thermal regimes.
Nitrogen fertilizer replacement value of dairy soiled water in grass swards as affected by timing and rate of application
Authors: Minogue Denis , French Padraig , Bolger Tom , Murphy Paul N.C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDairy soiled water (DSW) is a dilute mixture of cow faeces, urine, milk and detergents produced from the washing of milking plant and holding areas, and contains nutrients. Its N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV), compared to inorganic fertilizer (IF), was determined in a plot experiment on two grassland soils (well‐drained and poorly drained) in SW Ireland over a year with 4 N rates (0, 15, 22 and 30 kg N/ha), nine application timings and four replicates. Herbage was harvested at 4 and 8 weeks after each application to determine the total 8‐week DM yield. While caution is required, as results are based on only two sites and one year, DSW increased herbage production and showed potential to substitute for inorganic fertilizer N with surprisingly high NFRVs of 72 to 90%, potentially offering cost savings to farmers, improved N use efficiencies and reduced risk of nutrient loss to the environment. High NFRV may be due to factors such as the even spread and infiltration of DSW, low rates of ammonia emission or a stimulatory effect on the release of soil N. Yield increased significantly (p < .001) with N rate from approximately 1,200 kg DM ha−1 at 0 kg N/ha to approximately 1,700 kg DM ha−1 at 20–30 kg N/ha but application beyond approximately 20 kg N/ha was associated with increasingly diminished yield response. Yield response was greatest from March to July and poor response in winter suggests a greater risk of N loss during this period.
Monetary policy and regional economic performance in Mexico: A structural panel VAR approach
Authors: Torres‐Preciado Víctor Hugo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the dynamic effects of monetary policy shocks on economic activity and aggregate price levels across Mexican states. To do this, a recursive structural panel VAR model is implemented as proposed by Pedroni which allows for regional heterogeneity and structural identifying restrictions of common monetary policy shocks. Empirical evidence suggests a common monetary policy shock to short‐term interest rates induces significant cross‐state variation in prices and output level responses. Additional analysis indicates that structural features, such as the industry mix and the small versus large firm mix, are possible sources of the observed cross‐state variation influenced by interest rates and credit channels. We conclude that the observed differentiated regional impacts are sufficiently important to justify rethinking Mexico's current monetary policy framework in order to explicitly consider a regional view.
Inbreeding and research collaborations in Portuguese higher education
Authors: Tavares Orlanda , Sin Cristina , Sá Carla , Bugla Sylwia , Amaral Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between academic inbreeding in Portugal and research collaboration, using co‐authored publications as proxies. As previous research has shown that inbreeding is detrimental for research collaborations, it is hypothesised that academic inbreeding will lead to smaller research networks and, consequently, to fewer co‐authored publications outside the institution of affiliation. Relying on a large data set which merged information on academics, their inbreeding status and their publications, binomial negative and fractional models were estimated to test the hypothesis. Findings show that inbred academics have smaller research networks; while they publish most co‐authored papers, the relative weight of publications written in collaboration with institutional colleagues is the highest. In contrast, non‐inbred academics with foreign PhDs have larger co‐authorship networks. However, they publish most single‐authored papers and the weight of their international co‐authorships is heaviest.AbstratoEste artigo pretende analisar a relação entre a endogamia académica e a colaboração na investigação, partindo das publicações em coautoria. Dado que alguns estudos mostraram que a endogamia é prejudicial para as colaborações na investigação, a hipótese deste artigo é a de que a endogamia académica está associada a redes de investigação mais pequenas e a menos publicações em coautoria fora da instituição de afiliação. Recorrendo a uma base de dados que combina informação sobre académicos, o seu estatuto de endogamia e as suas publicações, foram estimados modelos binomiais negativos e fracionários para testar a hipótese. Os resultados mostram que os académicos endogâmicos têm redes de investigação menores; embora publiquem a maioria dos artigos em coautoria, o peso relativo das publicações escritas em colaboração com colegas institucionais é superior. Em contraste, os académicos não‐endogâmicos, com doutoramentos obtidos no estrangeiro, têm redes de coautoria maiores. No entanto, são também estes que mais publicam artigos sozinhos e o peso das suas coautorias internacionais é superior.
Loss of ARID1B and SMARCB1 expression are specific for the diagnosis of dedifferentiated/undifferentiated carcinoma in tumours of the upper gynaecological tract and cervix
Authors: Kang Eun‐Young , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Duggan Máire A , Stewart Colin J R , Lee Cheng‐Han , Köbel Martin 
Published: January 2021

AimsGenomic inactivation of ARID1B in ARID1A‐inactivated tumour and genomic inactivation of SMARCB1 represent two recurrent mechanisms, core SWItch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex inactivation, that are associated with de‐differentiation in endometrial carcinoma. Approximately one‐third of dedifferentiated/undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas (DDEC/UEC) show loss of ARID1B expression with a minor subset showing loss of SMARCB1 expression, but little is known regarding the specificity of ARID1B or SMARCB1 loss in gynaecological tract tumours in general. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of ARID1B and SMARCB1 loss by immunohistochemistry in a series of gynaecological tract epithelial/mesenchymal neoplasms.Methods and resultsWe evaluated 1849 tumours that included 748 endometrial carcinomas, 101 uterine carcinosarcomas/adenosarcomas, 64 uterine sarcomas, 221 cervical carcinomas and 715 ovarian carcinomas/borderline tumours by tissue microarrays (TMA). We observed ARID1B loss in 35 of 86 (41%) and SMARCB1 loss in three of 86 (3%) DDEC/UEC, but not in any other uterine tumour types examined. ARID1B‐deficient DDEC/UEC also showed concurrent loss of ARID1A expression. All SMARCB1‐deficient tumours showed loss of MLH1 and PMS2, while 29 of 35 ARID1B‐deficient tumours showed loss of MLH1 and PMS2 or loss of MSH6. All ovarian carcinomas/borderline tumours and cervical carcinomas showed intact expression of ARID1B and SMARCB1.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the loss of expression of ARID1B or SMARCB1 by immunohistochemistry is highly specific for undifferentiated carcinoma among tumours of the upper gynaecological tract and cervix, and therefore can be used to identify these highly aggressive malignant tumours.
Molecular markers of telomere dysfunction and senescence are common findings in the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern of lung fibrosis
Authors: Lee Joyce S , La Janet , Aziz Sara , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Brownell Robert , Jones Kirk D , Achtar‐Zadeh Natalia , Green Gary , Elicker Brett M , Golden Jeffrey A , Matthay Michael A , Kukreja Jasleen , Schwartz David A , Wolters Paul J 
Published: January 2021

AimsIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a genetically mediated, age‐associated, progressive form of pulmonary fibrosis characterised pathologically by a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of fibrosis. The UIP pattern is also found in pulmonary fibrosis attributable to clinical diagnoses other than IPF (non‐IPF UIP), whose clinical course is similarly poor, suggesting common molecular drivers. This study investigates whether IPF and non‐IPF UIP lungs similarly express markers of telomere dysfunction and senescence.Methods and resultsTo test whether patients with IPF and non‐IPF UIP share molecular drivers, lung tissues from 169 IPF patients and 57 non‐IPF UIP patients were histopathologically and molecularly compared. Histopathological changes in both IPF and non‐IPF UIP patients included temporal heterogeneity, microscopic honeycombing, fibroblast foci, and dense collagen fibrosis. Non‐IPF UIP lungs were more likely to have lymphocytic infiltration, non‐caseating granulomas, airway‐centred inflammation, or small airways disease. Telomeres were shorter in alveolar type II (AECII) cells of both IPF and non‐IPF UIP lungs than in those of age‐similar, unused donor, controls. Levels of molecular markers of senescence (p16 and p21) were elevated in lysates of IPF and non‐IPF UIP lungs. Immunostaining localised expression of these proteins to AECII cells. The mucin 5B (MUC5B) gene promoter variant minor allele frequency was similar between IPF and non‐IPF UIP patients, and MUC5B expression was similar in IPF and non‐IPF UIP lungs.ConclusionsMolecular markers of telomere dysfunction and senescence are pathologically expressed in both IPF and non‐IPF UIP lungs. These findings suggest that common molecular drivers may contribute to the pathogenesis of UIP‐associated pulmonary fibrosis, regardless of the clinical diagnosis.
Lipopolysaccharide induces platelet activation in HIV patients: the role of different viral load patterns
Authors: Nocella Cristina , Mezzaroma Ivano , Cammisotto Vittoria , Castellani Valentina , Milito Cinzia , Rugova Alban , Frati Giacomo , Pignatelli Pasquale , Violi Francesco , Pastori Daniele , Carnevale Roberto 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess whether gut‐derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could affect platelet function in HIV‐1 patients with residual viral load.MethodsIn 23 HIV‐1 patients on effective antiretroviral treatment, 10 treatment‐naïve HIV‐1 subjects and 20 healthy subjects (HS), LPS, zonulin, markers of platelet activation and oxidative stress were evaluated. In vitro, platelets from HS were exposed to plasma from HIV‐1‐infected treated and untreated patients.ResultsCompared with HS, LPS was higher in treated and treatment‐naïve subjects with HIV‐1 (7.7 ± 2.9, 80.9 ± 13.7 and 75.3 ± 22.6 pg/mL, P < 0.001 vs. HS) as well as serum zonulin (1.3 ± 0.5, 6.1 ± 1.5 and 5.3 ± 1.7 ng/mL, P < 0.001 vs. HS). LPS and zonulin were correlated in HIV patients (Spearman correlation coefficient (rS) = 0.73, P < 0.0001). Levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were higher in HIV‐1‐treated and treatment‐naïve subjects compared with HS as well as NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. In vitro, sCD40L, sP‐selectin and TxB2 production, NOX2 activation and p47phox phosphorylation were higher in platelets exposed to plasma from HIV‐1 patients with different viral load compared with the exposure to plasma from HS. This effect was blunted in platelets pre‐treated with TLR4 or TLR7 inhibitors.ConclusionsLow‐grade endotoxaemia and persistent viraemia increase platelet function with a mechanism mediated by NOX2 in patients with HIV‐1 infection.
Is there bacterial infection in the intact crowns of teeth with pulp necrosis of sickle cell anaemia patients? A case series study nested in a cohort
Authors: Costa C. P. S , Alves M. S. , Lima‐Neto L. G. , Valois E. M. , Monteiro‐Neto V. , Souza S. F. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the presence of bacteria in permanent teeth with intact crowns (without caries, periodontal disease or dental trauma) in patients with sickle cell anaemia (HbSS genotype) by analysing their clinical, imaging and microbiological parameters.MethodologyThis is a case series study nested in a cohort. In the first follow‐up of this cohort study (Journal of Endodontics, 2013, 39, 177), 10 HbSS patients with at least one tooth with an intact crown and clinically diagnosed with pulp necrosis by pulse oximetry adapted for dentistry and a cold pulp sensitivity test (n = 27 teeth) were selected. Changes in the pulp chamber, root and periodontal ligament were identified in the tomographic analysis. Bacterial culture, staining for live and dead bacteria, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction with 16S rRNA primers were used to identify the presence of bacteria. Culture sample collection was performed immediately after access to the pulp chamber. The microbiome was analysed with a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, San Diego, CA).ResultsThe diagnosis of pulp necrosis was confirmed clinically in 82% (22/27) of the teeth. The amount of bacterial load identified was less than 100 copies μL−1 in 23% (5/22) of the teeth with intact crowns and pulp necrosis. Thirteen bacterial species were identified that are commonly found in urinary tract infections, septicaemia and infective endocarditis. Only one of these species, Granulicatella adjacens, has also be found in primary endodontic infections.ConclusionProspective clinical, imaging and microbiological analyses suggest that pulp necrosis of teeth with intact crowns in HbSS patients is not associated with the presence of bacteria.
Acne vulgaris: role of the immune system
Authors: Bernales Salinas Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a worldwide condition that has a complex pathophysiology. The knowledge of this pathology is clear in its four classic principles based on the pilosebaceous unit; there exists hyperkeratinization of its duct, increase of sebum production, anaerobic bacterias, and inflammatory response. However, new findings have explained the relationship that occurs inside the acne lesion. The immune system has a key role since it is stimulated by the other participants involved, such as phylotypes of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), sebaceous glands (SGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other immune system pathways.
The Re(production) of Restless Bodies: Freedom of Movement and Social Reproduction
Authors: Apostolova Raia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article develops the notion of restless bodies to explore the interaction between regimes of social reproduction and freedom of movement. The notion captures the methodological difficulty to account for ‘return migration’ and goes beyond the isolation of a singular migration determinant. The author relies on two empirical cases. The first draws on one hundred interviews with ‘return migrants’ in Bulgaria. The second is based on fieldwork conducted between 2013 and 2015 in Germany. Both show how the political economy of movement is characterised by a contradiction between fixity and motion in the context of capital accumulation and fading welfare state. The concerns at hand are raised both because of their methodological importance but also as a potential instrument that could supplement ongoing policy debates in the field of EU social security portability coordination.
Fatty acid potassium improves human dermal fibroblast viability and cytotoxicity, accelerating human epidermal keratinocyte wound healing in vitro and in human chronic wounds
Authors: Masunaga Akihiro , Kawahara Takayoshi , Morita Hayato , Nakazawa Kohji , Tokunaga Yuto , Akita Sadanori 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffective cleaning of a wound promotes wound healing and favours wound care as it can prevent and control biofilms. The presence of biofilm is associated with prolonged wound healing, increased wound propensity to infection, and delayed wound closure. Anionic potassium salts of fatty acids are tested with commonly used anionic surfactants, such as sodium laureth sulphate (SLES) and sodium lauryl sulphate/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SLS/SDS). The normal human dermal cells demonstrated significantly greater viability in fatty acid potassium, including caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2), than in SLES or SLS after a 24‐hour incubation. Cytotoxicity by LDH assay in a 5‐minute culture in fatty acid potassium was significantly lower than in SLES or SLS. in vitro wound healing of human epidermal keratinocytes during the scratch assay in 24‐hour culture was more significantly improved by fatty acid treatment than by SLES or SLS/SDS. In a live/dead assay of human epidermal keratinocytes, C8K and C18:1K demonstrated only green fluorescence, indicating live cells, whereas synthetic surfactants, SLES and SLS, demonstrated red fluorescence on staining with propidium iodide, indicating dead cells after SLES and SLS/SDS treatment. Potassium salts of fatty acids are useful wound cleaning detergents that do not interfere with wound healing, as observed in the scratch assay using human epidermal keratinocytes. As potassium salts of fatty acids are major components of natural soap, which are produced by natural oil and caustic potash using a saponification method, this may be clinically important in wound and peri‐wound skin cleaning. In human chronic wounds, natural soap containing fatty acid potassium increased tissue blood flow based on laser speckle flowgraphs after 2 weeks (P < .05), in addition to removing the eschars and debris. Wound cleansing by natural soap of fatty acid potassium is beneficial for wound healing.
Assessment of Arequipa's Hydrometeorological Monitoring Infrastructure to Support Water Management Decisions
Authors: de Lima Moraes André Geraldo , Bocardo‐Delgado Edwin , Bowling Laura C. , Daneshvar Fariborz , Pinto José , Watkins Alec Hale , Cherkauer Keith Aric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrometeorological monitoring of weather, streamflow, and water quality is essential for understanding available water resources, protecting populations from hazard, and identifying changes in environmental conditions over time. To meet such competing goals, monitoring networks require representative parameters, uniform sampling protocols, and stable locations, selected to reliably measure the phenomenon of interest. However, budgets are always limited, and immediate operational needs and short‐term decisions often influence monitoring decisions. Here, the hydrometeorological monitoring systems in Arequipa, Peru, are examined with respect to established criteria for their ability to support these competing goals. The Arequipa Department in Peru has a well‐established, stable, weather monitoring program, although reliance on manual observers results in variable data quality. The lack of observations in high altitude areas limits estimation of water availability, and high temporal resolution, automatic stations are needed to improve flash flood warnings. The streamflow monitoring system is designed to quantify water transfers throughout this heavily managed system. Twenty‐one discharge monitoring stations were identified to serve as Historic Hydrologic Reference Stations, but many were only operational in the 1960s and 1970s and cannot be used to evaluate environmental trends. Twelve stations are identified that should be maintained for establishment of a future reference network. State sponsored water quality monitoring in the Department is fairly new, and a stratified sampling method has been used to maximize sample locations. Uniform sampling in fewer locations along intermediate sized tributaries, at least two times per year, would improve the reliability of the system and allow better detection of change over time.
Plant growth rate after, and not during, waterlogging better correlates to yield responses in wheat and barley
Authors: Ciancio Nicolás , Miralles Daniel J. , Striker Gustavo G. , Abeledo Leonor G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWaterlogging is a stress that affects wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. distichum) yield. This work aimed at analysing the impact of a waterlogging event during pre‐anthesis (critical period) on yield, its numerical components and their relationships with plant growth rate in wheat and barley. Two pot experiments were carried out under contrasting environmental conditions (early and late sowing date), in which six wheat and six barley cultivars were exposed to control and waterlogging conditions imposed c. 18 days prior to anthesis. Measurements included total above‐ground biomass at the beginning and at the end of the waterlogging treatment and at maturity, when grain yield and its numerical components were also measured. Wheat showed higher yield losses (−76%) due to waterlogging than barley (−49%). Grain yield was explained by both numerical components (the number of grains per plant and grain weight), which better correlated with the relative growth rate of plants during the post‐stress recovery than during the waterlogging period. Plant growth during the recovery period should be targeted as a key factor to estimate yield losses from waterlogging in these cereals.