bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian hybrid automata: Reconciling formal methods with metrology
Authors: Kröger Paul , Fränzle Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hybrid system dynamics arises when discrete actions meet continuous behaviour due to physical processes and continuous control. A natural domain of such systems are emerging smart technologies which add elements of intelligence, co-operation, and adaptivity to physical entities. Various flavours of hybrid automata have been suggested as a means to formally analyse dynamics of such systems. In this article, we present our current work on a revised formal model that is able to represent state tracking and estimation in hybrid systems and thereby enhancing precision of verification verdicts.
“We the People of Israel”: Covenant, Constitution, and the Supposed Biblical Origins of Modern Democratic Political Thought
Authors: Johnson Sophia R. C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an originally political term, study of the concept of “covenant” has long demonstrated the intersection of biblical studies and political theory. In recent decades, the association between covenant and constitution has come to the forefront of modern political thought in attempts to find the origins of certain democratic ideals in the descriptions of biblical Israel, in order to garner either religious or cultural authority. This is exemplified in the claims of Daniel J. Elazar that the first conceptual seeds of American federalism are found in the covenants of the Hebrew Bible. Taking Elazar’s work as a starting and end point, this paper applies contemporary biblical scholarship to his definition of biblical covenant in order to reveal the influences of his own American political environment and that of the interpreters he is dependent upon. The notion that biblical covenant or its interpretation remains a monolithic or static concept is overturned by a survey of the diverse receptions of covenant in the history of biblical scholarship from the late 19th to the late 20th centuries, contrasting American and German interpretive trends. As such, I aim to highlight the reciprocal relationship between religion and politics, and the academic study of both, in order to challenge the claim that modern political thought can be traced back to biblical conceptions.
Nonlinear plasmonic response in atomically thin metal films
Authors: Rodríguez Echarri Álvaro , Cox Joel D. , Iyikanat Fadil , García de Abajo F. Javier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nanoscale nonlinear optics is limited by the inherently weak nonlinear response of conventional materials and the small light–matter interaction volumes available in nanostructures. Plasmonic excitations can alleviate these limitations through subwavelength light focusing, boosting optical near fields that drive the nonlinear response, but also suffering from large inelastic losses that are further aggravated by fabrication imperfections. Here, we theoretically explore the enhanced nonlinear response arising from extremely confined plasmon polaritons in few-atom-thick crystalline noble metal films. Our results are based on quantum-mechanical simulations of the nonlinear optical response in atomically thin metal films that incorporate crucial electronic band structure features associated with vertical quantum confinement, electron spill-out, and surface states. We predict an overall enhancement in plasmon-mediated nonlinear optical phenomena with decreasing film thickness, underscoring the importance of surface and electronic structure in the response of ultrathin metal films.
Unidirectional emission of phase-controlled second harmonic generation from a plasmonic nanoantenna
Authors: Tanaka Yoshito Y. , Kimura Tomoya , Shimura Tsutomu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shaping the emission pattern of second harmonic (SH) generation from plasmonic nanoparticles is important for practical applications in nonlinear nanophotonics but is rendered challenging by the complex second-order nonlinear-optical processes. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that a pair of V- and Y-shaped gold nanoparticles directs the SH emission perpendicularly to an incident light direction. Owing to spatial overlap of two orthogonal plasmonic dipole modes at the fundamental and SH wavelengths of the individual particles, surface SH polarizations induced by the fundamental field is efficiently near-field coupled to the SH plasmon mode, resulting in dipolar SH emission from the individual particles. Moreover, the phase of this emission can be tuned simply by altering the part of the Y-particle shape, which changes the SH plasmon resonance while keeping the fundamental resonance. Our approach is a promising platform for engineering not only directional nonlinear nanoantennas but also nonlinear metamaterials.
Die börsennotierte Aktiengesellschaft als kartellrechtlicher Kronzeuge
Authors: Hübner Leonhard 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung

Kronzeugenanträge stellen inzwischen einen wesentlichen Durchsetzungsmechanismus für das europäische und nationale Kartellrecht dar. Häufig fungieren dabei börsennotierte Aktiengesellschaften als Kronzeugen. Die Gesellschaften befinden sich jedoch in einer Konfliktlage zwischen verschiedenen Rechtsgebieten, deren Regelungszwecke sich teils widersprechen. Einerseits zwingt das Kapitalmarktrecht die Gesellschaften als Emittenten zur Ad-hoc-Veröffentlichung von kursrelevanten Insiderinformationen und damit möglicherweise auch zur Veröffentlichung der Stellung eines Kronzeugenantrags. Auf der anderen Seite fordert das Kartellrecht, dass die Gesellschaft die Umstände des Kronzeugenantrags grundsätzlich geheim hält. Daneben besteht auch ein Konflikt zwischen gesellschafts- und kartellrechtlichen Zielsetzungen: Während das Kartellrecht auf einen zügigen und vertraulichen Verlauf des Kronzeugenverfahrens abzielt, setzt das Aktienrecht bei der internen Beratung und Umsetzung des Kornzeugenantrags auf Entschleunigung und offene Kommunikation zwischen den Organen der Gesellschaft. Die beschriebenen Zielkonflikte gilt es mit dem bestehendem Norminstrumentarium aufzulösen.
Flux synthesis, crystal structure and electronic properties of the layered rare earth metal boride silicide Er3Si5–x
B. An example of a boron/silicon-ordered structure derived from the AlB2 structure type
Authors: Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Jardin Régis , Gautier Régis , Fontaine Bruno , Halet Jean-François 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ternary rare earth metal boride silicide Er3Si5–x
B (x = 1.17) was synthesized from the elements using the tin flux method. It crystallizes in a new structure type in the space group R32 (a = 6.5568(1) Å, c = 24.5541(1) Å, Z = 6). The structural arrangement can be derived from the AlB2 structure type with boron/silicon ordering in the layered metalloid substructure made of [Si5B] hexagons. The presence or absence of the boron atoms involved in this ordered structure is discussed on the basis of difference Fourier syntheses and structural analysis, in relation with the binary parent structures AlB2 and Yb3Si5 (Th3Pd5 type). The electronic and bonding properties of Er3Si5–x
B were analyzed and discussed via density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) bonding analysis.
Determination of Dispersive Erosion Resistance in Fine-Grained Soils with Newly Developed Test Equipment
Authors: Topçu Sadettin , Tosun Hasan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dispersive soils cause great damage to hydrophilic earth structures and unprotected slope surfaces because of their high erosion sensitivity. In fine-grained soils, erosion resistance decreases with increased dispersibility. The dispersion mechanism of clays is controlled by the clay mineralogy and by the physicochemical repulsive forces in the clay–water system. The erosion resistance of dispersive soils can be determined by surface and internal erosion tests. In this study, the internal erosion resistance of soils was determined by using new test equipment that allowed the flow to pass through a hole when the dispersion mechanism in fine-grained soils was activated. The experiments for this study were performed under a single hydraulic head on two different natural dispersive soils with similar clay mineralogy. In this experimental system, both uniform and fully developed flow conditions were achieved. Time-dependent flow rates obtained from the experimental system can be used to determine hydraulic parameters, such as energy grade line, at very low error rates with the help of basic theorems of pipe hydraulics in theoretical hydraulic models, which were formed using a physical hydraulic model. Moreover, the erosion rates were quantitatively determined by using the continuity equation, and critical shear stresses were qualitatively compared for internal erosion developed by the dispersion mechanism. The sand/clay ratio determined the erosion resistance and behavior of the dispersive soils.
Perigenual and Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Afferents Converge on Common Pyramidal Cells in Amygdala Subregions of the Macaque
Authors: Kelly Emily A. , Thomas V. Kaye , Indraghanty Apoorva , Fudge Julie L. 
Published: October 2021

The subgenual (sgACC) and perigenual (pgACC) anterior cingulate are important afferents of the amygdala, with different cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and function. The sgACC is associated with arousal mechanisms linked to salient cues, whereas the pgACC is engaged in conflict decision-making, including in social contexts. After placing same-size, small volume tracer injections into sgACC and pgACC of the same hemisphere in male macaques, we examined anterogradely labeled fiber distribution to understand how these different functional systems communicate in the main amygdala nuclei at both mesocopic and cellular levels. The sgACC has broad-based termination patterns. In contrast, the pgACC has a more restricted pattern, which was always nested in sgACC terminals. Terminal overlap occurred in subregions of the accessory basal and basal nuclei, which we termed “hotspots.” In triple-labeling confocal studies, the majority of randomly selected CaMKIIα-positive cells (putative amygdala glutamatergic neurons) in hotspots received dual contacts from the sgACC and pgACC. The ratio of dual contacts occurred over a surprisingly narrow range, suggesting a consistent, tight balance of afferent contacts on postsynaptic neurons. Large boutons, which are associated with greater synaptic strength, were ∼3 times more frequent on sgACC versus pgACC axon terminals in hotspots, consistent with a fast “driver” function. Together, the results reveal a nested interaction in which pgACC (“conflict/social monitoring”) terminals converge with the broader sgACC (“salience”) terminals at both the mesoscopic and cellular level. The presynaptic organization in hotspots suggests that shifts in arousal states can rapidly and flexibly influence decision-making functions in the amygdala.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subgenual (sgACC) and perigenual cingulate (pgACC) have distinct structural and functional characteristics and are important afferent modulators of the amygdala. The sgACC is critical for arousal, whereas the pgACC mediates conflict-monitoring, including in social contexts. Using dual tracer injections in the same monkey, we found that sgACC inputs broadly project in the main amygdala nuclei, whereas pgACC inputs were more restricted and nested in zones containing sgACC terminals (hotspots). The majority of CaMKIIα + (excitatory) amygdala neurons in hotspots received converging contacts, which were tightly balanced. pgACC and sgACC afferent streams are therefore highly interdependent in these specific amygdala subregions, permitting “internal arousal” states to rapidly shape responses of amygdala neurons involved in conflict and social monitoring networks.
Eigenkapitalgenussrechte an Personengesellschaften als Alternative zu Streubesitzbeteiligungen an Kapitalgesellschaften
Authors: Kollruss Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen einer quantitativ-ökonomischen Analyse untersucht die vorliegende Abhandlung die Beteiligungs- und Eigenkapitalfinanzierung bei Kapitalgesellschaften und leitet die steuerlichen und ökonomischen Implikationen ab. Insbesondere werden die Wirkungen der Streubesitzdividendenbesteuerung nach § 8b Abs. 4 KStG auf die Finanzierung von Kapitalgesellschaften diskutiert. Die ökonomischen Wirkungen der Dividendenbesteuerung auf die Beteiligungsfinanzierung bei Kapitalgesellschaften werden grundlegend beleuchtet. Als Lösungsansatz wird ein neues Instrument zur (Eigenkapital-)Finanzierung von Kapitalgesellschaften entwickelt und erörtert.
A study to assess the knowledge and practices related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of selected school of District Ambala, Haryana
Authors: Kalyan Geetanjli , Walia Amandeep Kaur , Kaur Manpreet , Kaler Amandeep , Kaur Bajwa Amandeep , Kaur Amanpreet , Kaur Sandhu Amanjot , Chauhan Ambika , Franklin Andrew , Sharma Ankita 
Published: October 2021

: Menarche, among Adolescence girls, signifies the adaptation to womanhood as it is associated with pubertal changes and beginning of the capacity to reproduce. This is a period of gonadal development and growth spurt. Menstrual hygiene is crucial to healthy reproductive system and in return to good physical health and wellbeing. Therefore, enhanced awareness regarding menstruation and related hygiene, right from adolescence may escalate safe practices that are helpful in alleviating the distress of millions of women.: To assess the knowledge and practices related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of selected schools of District Ambala, HaryanaA descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in selected schools of Mullana and Barara District Ambala, Haryana. Total enumeration sampling technique was used to enroll 192 adolescent girls from class 9 to class 12 from selected schools after obtaining written informed consent from parents and verbal consent from girls. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute Ethics committee. Doubts of the participants were cleared after data collection.Among 192 girls, nearly half girls were aware of menstrual hygiene and reported use of sanitary nepkins and 40.1% girls were aware of the symptoms of poor menstrual hygiene. . There is a need to implement an education program for adolescent girls on menstruation and menstrual hygiene to ensure healthy menstrual practices.
Phraséologie et idiomatologie : deux termes concurrents ou complémentaires?
Authors: González-Rey Maria Isabel 
Published: October 2021

Les discussions terminologiques à propos des différents éléments dont s’occupe la phraséologie (Thun ; Pilz ; Gläser) ont été abandonnées depuis des années. Et pourtant, la question est loin d’être résolue au niveau non seulement de la dénomination de ces éléments, mais aussi de celui de leur propre nature. En effet, il continue d’exister une profusion de termes selon les cadres théoriques de tout un chacun (expressions figées, phrasèmes, phraséologismes, unités phraséologiques, etc.). Or, face à cette profusion de dénominations et de typologies, le nom du domaine en question n’a eu qu’un seul concurrent depuis que Bally (vol. I) l’a proposé : celui d’idiomatologie (Guiraud), avec sa variante idiomatik en allemand (Burger et Jaksche), et sa traduction idiomatology en anglais (Makkai ; Kavka et Zybert ; Kavka « Compounding » ). Ce constat nous pousse à aller à la recherche d’une explication qui aille au-delà du seul sort aléatoire des mots dans leur consolidation, en retraçant l’histoire de cette concurrence, toute courte qu’elle ait pu être, pour essayer de comprendre les raisons du choix terminologique de Bally et comment ce choix est arrivé à s’imposer. Nous le ferons à travers la comparaison des termes phraséologie et idiotismes et leur coapparition dans deux ouvrages du XIXe siècle (Dupont et Bochet et al.). Cela pourra certainement nous éclairer sur le partage des spécialistes d’aujourd’hui, divisés entre une conception large ou étroite du domaine, avec des typologies plus ou moins inclusives. Mais ce sera surtout l’occasion de réconcilier la phraséologie et l’idiomatologie en tant que domaines complémentaires l’un de l’autre .
À propos de quelques combinaisons lexicales spécialisées du champ thématique des noms de maladie
Authors: Krzyżanowska Anna 
Published: October 2021

Le présent article propose d’étudier les propriétés syntaxico-sémantiques des combinaisons spécialisées de type NOM + ADJECTIF, provenant du vocabulaire médical. Deux sous-ensembles ont été dégagés en fonction de leur degré de figement syntaxique et sémantique : des structures récurrentes à sens compositionnel, et aussi des structures semi-figées partiellement compositionnelles. Les enjeux de notre recherche s’articulent autour de l’interrelation entre le mot clé (le nom) et le constituant adjectival. On décrit également le fonctionnement des combinaisons spécialisées dans les textes de presse, où elles apparaissent sous la forme canonique ou altérée. Dans ce contexte, on s’intéresse en particulier à leur emploi dans la fonction métalinguistique. Il importe de souligner que lors de notre analyse, on applique au langage spécialisé les mêmes outils méthodologiques que ceux utilisés pour la langue générale.
Collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew (colère) dans Brat naszego Boga (Karol Wojtyła) et leur traduction en français et en néerlandais
Authors: Waterlot Muriel 
Published: October 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une analyse de la traduction de collocations avec le nom gniew (‘colère’) dans la pièce de théâtre de Karol Wojtyła Brat naszego Boga (Frère de notre Dieu) en français, et propose des traductions de ces collocations en néerlandais.
Pour l’analyse sémantico-discursive des collocations avec gniew (‘colère’), nous avons établi un modèle méthodologique dans lequel nous avons intégré – à partir de la définition de la colère par Eckman – des éléments de cette émotion (en tant que processus) et leur réalisation linguistique qui se présente sous la forme d’une collocation verbo-nominale (du type V+N ou N+V) selon l’approche cognitive de la collocation proposée par Śliwa.
L’analyse des collocations ouvre une perspective contrastive afin de repérer d’éventuelles difficultés dans la traduction des collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew. Pour faciliter une description plus détaillée du degré de correspondance de la traduction de ces collocations, nous avons eu recours au schéma de Camugli Gallardo.
Cette étude nous permet d’affirmer qu’une approche sémantico-discursive appliquée à l’analyse comparative de la traduction de certaines unités lexicales ; telles les collocations – pourrait être adoptée comme point de départ pour définir les critères permettant d’évaluer la qualité d’une traduction.
Disparities in Health and Economic Burdens of Cancer Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States, 2015‒2018
Authors: Wang Lu , Du Mengxi , Cudhea Frederick , Griecci Christina , Michaud Dominique S. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Zhang Fang Fang 
Published: October 2021

Objectives. To quantify disparities in health and economic burdens of cancer attributable to suboptimal diet among US adults. Methods. Using a probabilistic cohort state-transition model, we estimated the number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths, and economic costs of 15 diet-related cancers attributable to suboptimal intake of 7 dietary factors (a low intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, and whole grains and a high intake of red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages) among a closed cohort of US adults starting in 2017. Results. Suboptimal diet was estimated to contribute to 3.04 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 2.88, 3.20) million new cancer cases, 1.74 (95% UI = 1.65, 1.84) million cancer deaths, and $254 (95% UI = $242, $267) billion economic costs among US adults aged 20 years or older over a lifetime. Diet-attributable cancer burdens were higher among younger adults, men, non-Hispanic Blacks, and individuals with lower education and income attainments than other population subgroups. The largest disparities were for cancers attributable to high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low consumption of whole grains. Conclusions. Suboptimal diet contributes to substantial disparities in health and economic burdens of cancer among young adults, men, racial/ethnic minorities, and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):2008–2018. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306475 )
Discectomy Compared with Standardized Nonoperative Care for Chronic Sciatica Due to a Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Bailey Christopher S. , Glennie Andrew , Rasoulinejad Parham , Kanawati Andrew , Taylor David , Sequeira Keith , Miller Thomas , Watson Jim , Rosedale Richard , Bailey Stewart I. , Gurr Kevin R. , Siddiqi Fawaz , Urquhart Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Randomized controlled trials evaluating acute sciatica have not demonstrated prolonged improvements in terms of patient-reported pain and function. For chronic sciatica, however, microdiscectomy has been found to be superior at 1 year. Whether this effect persists during the second year is not known. The purpose of the present study was to report the 2-year outcomes following lumbar microdiscectomy as compared with standardized nonoperative care for the treatment of chronic sciatica resulting from a lumbar disc herniation.

Methods:
The present study is a secondary analysis of a previously reported randomized controlled trial with extension to 2 years of follow-up. Patients with radiculopathy for 4 to 12 months resulting from an L4-L5 or L5-S1 disc herniation were randomized to microdiscectomy or 6 months of nonoperative care followed by surgery if needed. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed at 2 years for the primary outcome (the intensity of leg pain) (range of possible scores, 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain]) as well as for secondary outcomes (including the Oswestry Disability Index score, the intensity of back pain, and quality of life).

Results:
One hundred and twenty-eight patients were randomized in the present study. Twenty-four (38%) of the 64 patients who had been randomized to nonoperative care crossed over to surgical treatment by 2 years following enrollment. At the 2-year time point, the follow-up rate was approximately 70%. At 2 years, the operative group had less leg pain than the nonoperative group (mean, 2.8 ± 0.4 compared with 4.2 ± 0.4; treatment effect, 1.3 [95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 2.4]). The treatment effect favored surgery for all secondary outcome measures at 6 months and 1 year and for back pain intensity and physical function at 2 years.

Conclusions:
At 2 years, the present study showed that microdiscectomy was superior to nonoperative care for the treatment of chronic sciatica resulting from an L4-L5 or L5-S1 disc herniation. However, the difference between the groups did not surpass the minimal clinically important difference at 2 years as was reached at earlier follow-up points, likely as the result of patients crossing over from nonoperative to operative treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.