bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Violent Crime with Ambulance Data: How Much Crime Goes Uncounted?
Authors: Sutherland Alex , Strang Lucy , Stepanek Martin , Giacomantonio Chris , Boyle Adrian , Strang Heather 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research Question
What proportion of ambulance records documenting injuries caused by criminal violence is included in police records for violent crimes occurring in the same area at the same dates and times as incidents found in ambulance records?

Data
We analysed subsets of three datasets during matched time periods: West Midlands Ambulance Service records of all 36,639 incidents of violent injuries from January 2012 to March 2017; 132,317 West Midlands Police records of violent crimes from January 2012 to December 2015; and 9083 records of treatment of violent injuries as recorded in hospital Emergency Department (ED) records covering September 2013 to March 2016.

Methods
We compared all incidents in the ambulance dataset and ED data to corresponding locations and times in incidents recorded in police datasets.

Findings
Approximately 90% of cases in the ambulance dataset did not have a corresponding case in the police dataset. The proportion was even lower in the Emergency Department dataset, where less than 5% of cases were successfully matched to a police record. These data suggest that adding the medical data to the police data could add 15 to 20% more violent offences to the totals recorded by the police.

Conclusions
Tracking identified ambulance data can add substantial numbers of serious violent crimes, over and above those reported to the police. These added cases can increase the targeting of police and public health resources to prevent harm against victims, at places, and by offenders at highest risk of serious violence.
Decentralized Learning with Virtual Patients for Medical Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Takahashi Yuta , Chang Han-ten , Nakai Akie , Kagawa Rina , Ando Hiroyasu , Imakura Akira , Okada Yukihiko , Tsurushima Hideo , Suzuki Kenji , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMachine learning, applied to medical data, can uncover new knowledge and support medical practices. However, analyzing medical data by machine learning methods presents a trade-off between accuracy and privacy. To overcome the trade-off, we apply the data collaboration analysis method to medical data. This method using artificial dummy data enables analysis to compare distributed information without using the original data. The purpose of our experiment is to identify patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), using 29,802 instances of real data obtained from the University of Tsukuba Hospital between 01/03/2013 and 30/09/2018. The whole data is divided into a number of datasets to simulate different hospitals. We propose the following improvements for the data collaboration analysis. (1) Making the dummy data which has a reality and (2) using non-linear reconverting functions into the comparable space. Both can be realized using the generative adversarial network (GAN) and Node2Vec, respectively. The improvement effects of dummy data with GAN scores more than 10% over the effects of dummy data with random numbers. Furthermore, the improvement effect of the re-conversion by Node2Vec with GAN anchor data scores about 20% higher than the linear method with random dummy data. Our results reveal that the data collaboration method with appropriate modifications, depending on data type, improves analysis performance.
Violet-blue light exposure of the skin: is there need for protection?
Authors: Christensen Terje , Johnsen Bjørn J. , Bruzell Ellen M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvocates of skin protection against blue light express concern about exposure to indoor lighting and electronic screens as well as natural outdoor exposure. However, the nature of adverse effects in skin is unclear and the doses to induce effects are unknown. We aimed to reveal whether there is a scientific basis for promoting skin protection against violet-blue light (400–500 nm, VBL). Based on published literature, we determined the time to reach a threshold dose that induced a biological response in human skin. In the absence of an action spectrum for effects on skin, we used a hand held probe with a defined spectral response and measurements of the unweighted exposure between 400 and 500 nm to estimate the exposure by a selection of artificial light sources and solar light. For comparison, an outdoor threshold erythemally weighted UV dose was set to 1 SED (standard erythema dose). Outdoor, weighted irradiances were obtained using a radiative transfer model. Induction of pigmentation in human skin tissue was the only consistently reported endpoint after VBL exposure of about 65 Jcm−2. This threshold dose was reached in 0.5 to 20 months of exposure to indoor lighting sources. In comparison, specialised medical sources reached this dose in 0.5 min to 45 h. The time outdoors to reach 1 SED was shorter than the time to reach a VBL threshold dose throughout all seasons. Skin protection against VBL is superfluous for exposures to domestic lighting sources or screens and for solar radiation; however, it may be advantageous for patients suffering from photosensitive diseases or taking photosensitising medication.
C/EBP-β and SIRT1 regulate IL-18 expression in the proliferative phase endometria of polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Long Xiaoyu , Wang Honghao , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Rong , Yang Yan , Qiao Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients suffer from low-grade chronic inflammation. Furthermore, our previous studies have confirmed that IL-18 is highly expressed in the serum and endometria of PCOS patients. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying IL-18 elevation remain unclear. This study aims to explore the signaling pathways that lead to IL-18 upregulation in the endometria of PCOS patients.MethodsUsing the TF-Search tool, we predicted that C/EBP-β may be a transcription factor for IL-18 and that deacetylase SIRT1 could be involved in its regulation. Subsequently, we analyzed SIRT1 and C/EBP-β in the proliferative endometria of PCOS patients and healthy control using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot; PCOS diagnosis was based on the 2003 Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM criteria. We further verified the interaction between C/EBP-β and IL-18 using a double luciferase assay.ResultsSIRT1 and C/EBP-β gene and protein levels in the proliferative endometria of PCOS patients were significantly higher than the control group. Immunohistochemical experiments confirmed that SIRT1 was primarily expressed in the endometrial nucleus, while C/EBP-β was predominantly expressed in the endometrial nucleus and cytoplasm. Double luciferase assay verified the interaction between C/EBP-β and IL-18.ConclusionSIRT1 and C/EBP-β are probable IL-18 regulatory mechanism in the endometria of PCOS patients.
Laparoscopic management of recurrent ectopic pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study describing 10-years of experience in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Yu Xiaoming , Zheng Xingbang , Lu Ying , Zhao Wei , Guan Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecurrent ectopic pregnancy (REP) is rare, but can have severe consequences for patients. The aim of this study was to report outcomes of laparoscopic management of REP in our center.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including REP treated surgically at a single, tertiary-care academic medical center between 2009 and 2018. All patients undergoing laparoscopic salpingostomy or salpingectomy were included. Patients were then followed up to monitor outcomes of future reproductive events.ResultsOf 41 eligible patients, 14 suffered from ipsilateral recurrence including 5 cases of tubal stump pregnancy. In the other 27 cases, the REP occurred in the contralateral tube that was previously unaffected. All patients with ipsilateral recurrence underwent salpingectomy. In patients with contralateral recurrence, salpingectomy was carried out in 21 patients (77.8%) and salpingostomy in 6 patients (22.2%). 32 patients (78%) subsequently sought to conceive either spontaneously or by in vitro fertilization. The subsequent live birth rates were 51.8% (14/27) in the salpingectomy group and 60.0% (3/5) in the salpingostomy group.ConclusionWhere trained laparoscopists and adequate facilities are available, it is possible to achieve acceptable reproductive outcomes after REP irrespective of the surgical approach.
Associations Between Environmental and Sociodemographic Data and Hepatitis‐A Transmission in Pará State (Brazil)
Authors: Leal Philipe Riskalla , Guimarães Ricardo José de Paula Souza e , Kampel Milton 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHepatitis‐A is a waterborne infectious disease transmitted by the eponymous hepatitis‐A virus (HAV). Due to the disease's sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, this study applied public census and remote sensing data to assess risk factors for hepatitis‐A transmission. Municipality‐level data were obtained for the state of Pará, Brazil. Generalized linear and nonlinear models were evaluated as alternative predictors for hepatitis‐A transmission in Pará. The Histogram Gradient Boost (HGB) regression model was deemed the best choice (= 2.36, and higher = 0.95) among the tested models. Partial dependence analysis and permutation feature importance analysis were used to investigate the partial dependence and the relative importance values of the independent variables in the disease transmission prediction model. Results indicated a complex relationship between the disease transmission and the sociodemographic and environmental characteristics of the study area. Population size, lack of sanitation, urban clustering, year of notification, insufficient public vaccination programs, household proximity to open‐air dumpsites and storm‐drains, and lack of access to healthcare facilities and hospitals were sociodemographic parameters related to HAV transmission. Turbidity and precipitation were the environmental parameters closest related to disease transmission. Based on HGB model, a hepatitis‐A risk map was built for Pará state. The obtained risk map can be thought of as an auxiliary tool for public health strategies. This study reinforces the need to incorporate remote sensing data in epidemiological modelling and surveillance plans for the development of early prevention strategies for hepatitis‐A.
Cosmic-ray production from neutron escape in microquasar jets
Authors: Escobar G. J. , Pellizza L. J. , Romero G. E. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The origin of Galactic cosmic rays remains a matter of debate, but supernova remnants are commonly considered to be the main place where high-energy cosmic rays are accelerated. Nevertheless, current models predict cosmic-ray spectra that do not match observations and the efficiency of the acceleration mechanism is still undetermined. On the other hand, the contribution of other kinds of sources to the Galactic cosmic-ray population is still unclear, and merits investigation.
Aims. In this work we explore a novel mechanism through which microquasars might produce cosmic rays. In this scenario, microquasar jets generate relativistic neutrons, which escape and decay outside the system; protons and electrons, created when these neutrons decay, escape to the interstellar medium as cosmic rays.
Methods. We introduce the relativistic neutron component through a coupling term in the transport equation that governs the jet proton population. We compute the escape rate and decay distribution of these neutrons, and follow the propagation of the decay products until they escape the system and become cosmic rays. We then compute the spectra of these cosmic rays.
Results. Neutrons can drain only a small fraction of the jet power as cosmic rays. The most promising scenarios arise in extremely luminous systems (Ljet ∼ 1040 erg s−1), in which the fraction of jet power deposited in cosmic rays can reach ∼0.001. Slow jets (Γ ≲ 2, where Γ is the bulk Lorentz factor) favour neutron production. The resulting cosmic-ray spectrum is similar for protons and electrons, which share the power in the ratio given by neutron decay. The spectrum peaks at roughly half the minimum energy of the relativistic protons in the jet; it is soft (spectral index ∼3) above this energy, and almost flat below.
Conclusions. The proposed mechanism produces more energetic cosmic rays from microquasars than those presented by previous works in which the particles escape through the jet terminal shock. Values of spectral index steeper than 2 are possible for cosmic rays in our model and these indeed agree with those required to explain the spectral signatures of Galactic cosmic rays, although only the most extreme microquasars provide power comparable to that of a typical supernova remnant. The mechanism explored in this work may provide stronger and softer cosmic-ray sources in the early Universe, and therefore contribute to the heating and reionisation of the intergalactic medium.
Descriptive analysis of the unwarranted continuation of antipsychotics for the management of ICU delirium during transitions of care: A multicenter evaluation across New Jersey
Authors: Dixit Deepali , Barbarello Andrews Liza , Radparvar Sara , Adams Christopher , Kumar Samir T , Cardinale Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeNearly half of intensive care unit (ICU) patients will develop delirium. Antipsychotics are used routinely for the management of ICU delirium despite limited reliable data supporting this approach. The unwarranted continuation of antipsychotics initiated for ICU delirium is an emerging transitions of care concern, especially considering the adverse event profile of these agents. We sought to evaluate the magnitude of this issue across 6 centers in New Jersey and describe risk factors for continuation.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective study examined adult ICU patients who developed ICU delirium from June 2016 to June 2018. Patients were included in the study if they received at least 3 doses of antipsychotics while in the ICU with presence of either a clinical diagnosis of delirium or a positive Confusion Assessment Method score. Patients were excluded if they were on an antipsychotic before ICU admission.ResultsOf the 300 patients included and initiated on antipsychotics for ICU delirium, 157 (52.3%) were continued on therapy upon transfer from the ICU to another level of inpatient care. The number of patients continued on newly initiated antipsychotics further increased to 183 (61%) upon discharge from the hospital.ConclusionThe continuation of antipsychotics for the management of delirium during transitions of care was a common practice across ICUs in New Jersey. Several risk factors for continuation of antipsychotics were identified. Efforts to reduce unnecessary continuation of antipsychotics at transitions of care are warranted.
Creation of a regional hazardous drug handling task force
Authors: Duty Ashley , Robinson Joanna , Bahmandar Della , Hanson Nathan , Lucas Amber J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A regional task force of health-system pharmacy leaders was created to assist with successful adoption of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) general chapter &lt;800&gt;.

Summary
A group of pharmacy leaders in the Kansas City region identified potential benefits to healthcare personnel and patients if hazardous drug handling procedures were standardized. A task force was created, a preimplementation survey was distributed, and meetings were held monthly to discuss sections of USP &lt;800&gt; identified as the most challenging to implement. The task force focused on an assessment of risk tool, hot topics, cleanroom design, and a detailed analysis of controversial medications. After the first year of meetings, a postimplementation survey was distributed, and the results were analyzed. The task force created significant value for the participants and achieved the goal of facilitating efficient USP &lt;800&gt; implementation resulting in greater compliance and consistency across the multiple health systems represented. Over 5,100 beds and 200 clinic sites were affected by this task force’s efforts. Nearly three-fourths (73%) of respondents reported that the task force was “extremely helpful,” and the majority (64%) of respondents adopted most or all (81%-100%) of the task force’s assessment of risk choices. Prioritization of tasks, information sharing, and decision-making were areas where the individual leaders were most supported.

Conclusion
Creating a structure to eliminate barriers and facilitate collaboration among regional pharmacy leaders provided a framework for successful implementation of USP &lt;800&gt; requirements. This interdependent leadership model produced innovative and standardized solutions and should be considered when addressing complicated initiatives that impact the profession.
stPlus: a reference-based method for the accurate enhancement of spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Shengquan Chen , Boheng Zhang , Xiaoyang Chen , Xuegong Zhang , Rui Jiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have revolutionized the investigation of transcriptomic landscape in individual cells. Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomic technologies further enable gene expression profiling and spatial organization mapping of cells simultaneously. Among the technologies, imaging-based methods can offer higher spatial resolutions, while they are limited by either the small number of genes imaged or the low gene detection sensitivity. Although several methods have been proposed for enhancing spatially resolved transcriptomics, inadequate accuracy of gene expression prediction and insufficient ability of cell-population identification still impede the applications of these methods.

Results
We propose stPlus, a reference-based method that leverages information in scRNA-seq data to enhance spatial transcriptomics. Based on an auto-encoder with a carefully tailored loss function, stPlus performs joint embedding and predicts spatial gene expression via a weighted k-nearest-neighbor. stPlus outperforms baseline methods with higher gene-wise and cell-wise Spearman correlation coefficients. We also introduce a clustering-based approach to assess the enhancement performance systematically. Using the data enhanced by stPlus, cell populations can be better identified than using the measured data. The predicted expression of genes unique to scRNA-seq data can also well characterize spatial cell heterogeneity. Besides, stPlus is robust and scalable to datasets of diverse gene detection sensitivity levels, sample sizes and number of spatially measured genes. We anticipate stPlus will facilitate the analysis of spatial transcriptomics.

Availability and implementation
stPlus with detailed documents is freely accessible at http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/software/stPlus/ and the source code is openly available on https://github.com/xy-chen16/stPlus.
A variant selection framework for genome graphs
Authors: Jain Chirag , Tavakoli Neda , Aluru Srinivas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Variation graph representations are projected to either replace or supplement conventional single genome references due to their ability to capture population genetic diversity and reduce reference bias. Vast catalogues of genetic variants for many species now exist, and it is natural to ask which among these are crucial to circumvent reference bias during read mapping.

Results
In this work, we propose a novel mathematical framework for variant selection, by casting it in terms of minimizing variation graph size subject to preserving paths of length α with at most δ differences. This framework leads to a rich set of problems based on the types of variants [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indels or structural variants (SVs)], and whether the goal is to minimize the number of positions at which variants are listed or to minimize the total number of variants listed. We classify the computational complexity of these problems and provide efficient algorithms along with their software implementation when feasible. We empirically evaluate the magnitude of graph reduction achieved in human chromosome variation graphs using multiple α and δ parameter values corresponding to short and long-read resequencing characteristics. When our algorithm is run with parameter settings amenable to long-read mapping (α = 10 kbp, δ = 1000), 99.99% SNPs and 73% SVs can be safely excluded from human chromosome 1 variation graph. The graph size reduction can benefit downstream pan-genome analysis.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/AT-CG/VF.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fatal myopericarditis complicated with coronary vein perforation under the triple antithrombotic therapy: a case report
Authors: Takasaki Akihiro , Okamoto Ryuji , Sugimoto Hiroko , Dohi Kaoru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute pericarditis generally follows a mild clinical course and is rarely fatal. Coronary vein involvement is rarely reported.

Case summary
We report an autopsy case of cardiac tamponade from idiopathic myopericarditis due to coronary venous perforation under the triple antithrombotic therapy. A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abnormal findings on electrocardiography, bloody pericardial effusion, and mild elevation of troponin I. Oral anti-inflammatories were started and the patient followed a benign course. However, on hospital Day 5, he suddenly suffered cardiogenic shock with pulseless electric activity due to cardiac tamponade under the combination use of the dual antiplatelet drugs and an anticoagulant drug. He died despite intense medical treatment. Autopsy revealed cardiac tamponade caused by perforation in the coronary venous wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of fatal myopericarditis as a complication of coronary venous perforation.

Discussion
The aetiology and mechanism remain unknown; however, we should take care for this rare complication in patients with acute myopericarditis and bloody effusion under the triple antithrombotic therapy.
Random matrices and controllability of dynamical systems
Authors: Leventides John , Poulios Nick , Poulios Costas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We introduce the concept of $\epsilon $-uncontrollability for random linear systems, i.e. linear systems in which the usual matrices have been replaced by random matrices. We also estimate the $\varepsilon $-uncontrollability in the case where the matrices come from the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. Our proof utilizes tools from systems theory, probability theory and convex geometry.