bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of an Artificial Intelligence System in Breast Ultrasound
Authors: O'Connell Avice M. , Bartolotta Tommaso V. , Orlando Alessia , Jung Sin‐Ho , Baek Jihye , Parker Kevin J. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWe study the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) program designed to assist radiologists in the diagnosis of breast cancer, relative to measures obtained from conventional readings by radiologists.MethodsA total of 10 radiologists read a curated, anonymized group of 299 breast ultrasound images that contained at least one suspicious lesion and for which a final diagnosis was independently determined. Separately, the AI program was initialized by a lead radiologist and the computed results compared against those of the radiologists.ResultsThe AI program's diagnoses of breast lesions had concordance with the 10 radiologists' readings across a number of BI‐RADS descriptors. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI program's diagnosis of benign versus malignant was above 0.8, in agreement with the highest performing radiologists and commensurate with recent studies.ConclusionThe trained AI program can contribute to accuracy of breast cancer diagnoses with ultrasound.
Nasal Discs and the Vital Rates of Lesser Scaup
Authors: DEANE CODY E. , Rotella Jay J. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Garrott Robert A. , Koons David N. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTNasal discs have been used to identify ducks in studies of survival and reproduction. To date, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of nasal‐disc effects on the vital rates of wild ducks. We applied nasal discs to 603 juvenile and 784 adult lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) females from a population breeding in southwest Montana, USA, and released 1,399 juvenile and 71 adult females wearing only metal leg bands between June 2005 and September 2016. Using resighting, recapture, and hunter‐recovery data collected from those individuals, we estimated survival and recovery probability with multistate capture‐recapture models in Program MARK. We also assessed if recovery distance from our study site and pre‐breeding and brood‐rearing body condition were diminished for females wearing nasal discs. Model‐averaged survival probabilities were 0.231 ± 0.035 (SE) for juveniles and 0.482 ± 0.019 for adults released with nasal discs. Survival was 1.8–3.4 times higher for females released with metal leg bands when compared to those released with nasal discs; survival of these juveniles was 0.433 ± 0.049 and 0.693 ± 0.039 for adults. We did not find evidence for recovery probability or recovery distance varying between females that wore nasal discs and those that did not. During the pre‐breeding and brood‐rearing seasons, we did not find females wearing nasal discs to be in lower body condition when compared to unmarked females. Our comprehensive assessment of nasal discs on wild lesser scaup suggests that survival probabilities estimated from nasal‐marked study populations should be cautiously interpreted as minimum estimates. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Exploring the role of spotlight effect in pay‐what‐you‐want (PWYW) pricing—An anchoring and adjustment perspective
Authors: Roy Rajat , Sharma Piyush , Chan Ricky Y. K. , Potdar Vidyasagar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates social influences on Pay‐What‐You‐Want (PWYW) pricing decisions by combining a socio‐psychological phenomenon, called “spotlight effect” (defined as an egocentric bias while estimating the salience of one's own behavior and external appearance), with the well‐established “anchoring and adjustment” perspective. We test our hypotheses with one field study and two lab experiments. Findings show that when making a payment in PWYW setting, customers perceive greater attention on self (vs. others) and in the presence of distant (vs. close) others, which makes them initially anchor the price they are willing to pay on their internal reference price. However, this anchoring effect is adjusted downwards (i.e., reduced) in the presence of external reference prices. Our findings would help managers understand the factors influencing customers' PWYW pricing decisions, based on their internal and external reference prices. Managers can further use this knowledge to develop more effective strategies to drive higher PWYW prices.
TSMAA‐TRI: A temporal multi‐criteria sorting approach under uncertainty
Authors: Mouhib Youness , Frini Anissa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the Quebec government has highlighted the importance of making decisions that are both sustainable and robust under climate change uncertainties. This paper aims to answer the following question: How to sort the alternatives according to their degree of sustainability achievement while evaluations are uncertain and temporal? The general objective of the paper is to propose a first temporal sorting method under stochastic uncertainty. The proposed method, called TSMAA‐Tri, will assign each alternative to a predefined category based on a generalization of SMAA‐Tri to a temporal context (multi‐period evaluation of alternatives) where alternative evaluations are stochastic. The method starts performing Monte Carlo simulations to generate stochastic evaluation values. Each simulation (scenario of uncertainty) will generate a specific value for each criterion using the corresponding probability distribution. Then, aggregation consists in applying SMAA Tri at each period and performing a triple aggregation: (a) uncertainty aggregation; (b) multi‐criteria aggregation; and (c) temporal aggregation. Multi‐criteria aggregation consists in applying the SMAA‐TRI method at each period. Then, two ways of temporal aggregation are proposed, based either on acceptability index or on outranking index of boundary profile. The proposed method is illustrated for sustainable forest management to show its applicability.
High‐resolution flood precipitation and streamflow relationships in two US river basins
Authors: Dougherty Erin , Morrison Ryan , Rasmussen Kristen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRelationships between rainfall and river discharge are important for governing flood characteristics and predicting flood impacts. Previous studies have examined these relationships, but they lacked the high‐resolution precipitation data necessary to analyse rainfall–streamflow correlations for individual flood episodes. The present study addresses this limitation by examining rainfall–streamflow relationships in two topographically and climatically different river basins: the Wabash River basin in Indiana and the Willamette River basin in Oregon, using high‐resolution, sub‐basin precipitation and discharge data. Results show that flood rainfall–streamflow relationships are highly spatially variable on a sub‐basin scale. In the Wabash basin, strong positive correlations exist between rainfall and streamflow near urban areas and slight terrain gradients during flash floods, while weaker correlations between rainfall and streamflow are observed in other areas of the basin and for slow‐rise floods. In the Willamette basin, strong positive slow‐rise flood rainfall–streamflow relationships occur in referenced gauges in the eastern, mountainous part of the basin, while strong negative correlations occur in non‐referenced gauges near reservoirs along the main rivers. Results suggest that in addition to high‐resolution rainfall variability, the influence of urbanization, topography and water management on flood rainfall–streamflow relationships needs to be considered in order to forecast local flood impacts better.
Indicator‐based assessment of local and regional progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): An integrated approach from Romania
Authors: Benedek József , Ivan Kinga , Török Ibolya , Temerdek Arnold , Holobâcă Iulian‐Horia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to measure progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, 169 targets have been approved globally. Even though interest in implementing these goals is high, many states have not yet established a set of subnational indicators to measure the implementation of the SDGs and have not completed their own assessment of progress in achieving these global goals. This study aims to measure the progress toward achieving the SDG at local and regional level in Romania by calculating the SDG Index. For the calculation of the SDG Index at subnational level, we propose an integrated approach based on 90 indicators, stored and processed in a PostgreSQL object‐relational database. The results show the concentration of the highest performances of sustainable development in some specific geographical areas. The rural areas and the extended peripheral regions in the eastern and southern part of the country are the poorest performers.
Functionalized Carbon Materials in Syngas Conversion
Authors: Chen Kuo , Li Yubing , Wang Mengheng , Wang Yuhao , Cheng Kang , Zhang Qinghong , Kang Jincan , Wang Ye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFunctionalized carbon materials are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis due to their unique properties such as adjustable surface properties, excellent thermal conductivity, high surface areas, tunable porosity, and moderate interactions with guest metals. The transformation of syngas into hydrocarbons (known as the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) or oxygenates is an exothermic reaction and is typically catalyzed by transition metals dispersed on functionalized supports. Various carbon materials have been employed in syngas conversions not only for improving the performance or decreasing the dosage of expensive active metals but also for building model catalysts for fundamental research. This article provides a critical review on recent advances in the utilization of carbon materials, in particular the recently developed functionalized nanocarbon materials, for syngas conversions to either hydrocarbons or oxygenates. The unique features of carbon materials in dispersing metal nanoparticles, heteroatom doping, surface modification, and building special nanoarchitectures are highlighted. The key factors that control the reaction course and the reaction mechanism are discussed to gain insights for the rational design of efficient carbon‐supported catalysts for syngas conversions. The challenges and future opportunities in developing functionalized carbon materials for syngas conversions are briefly analyzed.
Using Science Texts to Foster Informational Reading Comprehension
Authors: Detillion Ron 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I showcase an informational text reading comprehension unit that centers on text features commonly found in science textbooks. I taught this unit to a sixth‐grade class and highlighted the work samples of three focal students here. The overarching question that guided this work was as follows: How can I focus my instruction on three common text structures in informational texts: compare and contrast, cause and effect, and description? Moreover, I show how students’ interaction with informational texts, such as engaging activities, note‐taking, and vocabulary, aided in comprehension.
Diets of Staging Phalaropes at Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Frank Maureen G. , Conover Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTGreat Salt Lake, Utah, USA, is a critical staging area for Wilson's (Phalaropus tricolor) and red‐necked (Phalaropus lobatus) phalaropes. Both phalarope species depend upon abundant invertebrate prey in Great Salt Lake to fuel fall migrations, but the lake currently faces the threat of becoming increasingly saline due to water diversions and climate change. The lake changes may decrease the ability of Great Salt Lake to support the large populations of phalaropes that currently depend upon it. Assessing how a smaller and more saline Great Salt Lake will affect phalaropes is difficult without knowing what phalaropes are consuming during staging. We collected phalaropes from 4 different Great Salt Lake bays from 2012 through 2015 and identified prey items in their upper digestive tracts. We measured wet weights of different food items and examined total mass of food consumed by weighing gizzard contents. Phalarope diets differed across time and bays, and between phalarope species. Red‐necked phalaropes primarily consumed corixids (Corixidae) and brine fly (Ephydra hians, Ephydra cinerea) larva, pupa, and adults, whereas Wilson's phalaropes consumed brine flies, chironomids (Chironomidae) and Daphnia (Daphnia magna). Despite the abundance of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) in Great Salt Lake, both phalarope species rarely consumed them. Our results documented that phalaropes of Great Salt Lake are dependent for food in the less‐saline Farmington Bay and on brine flies produced in the hypersaline bays. Such information is critical for wildlife managers who are tasked with ensuring that Great Salt Lake will continue to support the large phalarope populations that depend on the lake's resources. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Human Resource Management im Wandel der Digitalisierung
Authors: Zurbriggen Immanuel , Schellinger Jochen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten der Digitalisierung sind die Unternehmen gezwungen, sich mit der Thematik übergreifend und funktionsbezogen auseinanderzusetzen. Große Unternehmen gelten durch ihre starke Ressourcenbasis als Vorreiter der Digitalisierung, während KMU hier tendenziell einen weniger weiten Entwicklungsstand haben. Auch das Human Resource Management (HRM) wird stark durch die Digitalisierung und die mit ihr verbundenen digitalen Transformation geprägt und muss seine Rolle im Unternehmen neu definieren. Die administrativen HR-Prozesse, die heute häufig noch von HR-Mitarbeitenden durchgeführt werden, werden zukünftig voraussichtlich durch die Mitarbeitenden selber oder durch voll automatisierte intelligenzbasierte und vernetzte HR-Systeme und Roboter abgewickelt. Auf Grundlage einer theoretischen Analyse wird ein für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) einsetzbares mehrwertgenerierendes Modell für cloudbasierte HR Shared Services entwickelt, das im Rahmen einer qualitativen empirischen Untersuchung bei 13 Schweizer KMU und Großunternehmen gestaltungsbezogen validiert und optimiert wird.
Schlüsselfaktoren im Marketingkonzept von Schweizer Gig-Workern
Authors: Burri Tobias , Rumo Etienne J. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGig-Worker sind Arbeitskräfte, die ihre Dienstleistungen auf Internetplattformen anbieten und dadurch für verschiedene Aufraggeber tätig sein können. Jeder Auftrag wird als „Gig“ bezeichnet. Diese wachsende Form der Beschäftigungsart hat dazu geführt, dass Gig-Worker ähnlich einem Einzelunternehmen selbstständig agieren. Dementsprechend ist auch unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln erforderlich. Marketingaktivitäten, wie z. B. die Erstellung und Ausführung eines Marketingkonzeptes, sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil davon. Dieses Kapitel soll Gig-Workern nützliches Grundwissen anbieten und gleichzeitig eine Vorlage für zukünftige Marketingkonzepte sein. Zu Beginn werden das Thema „Gig-Work“, dessen wachsende Verbreitung und die Problemstellung dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. Später werden klassische und aktuelle Theorien zum Marketing und dessen Konzepte erklärt und anschließend der Bezug zu Gig-Workern in der Schweiz hergestellt.
Social Influencer
Authors: Kernen Livia , Adriaensen Benjamin , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Analyse erfolgreicher Social Influencer auf Instagram zeigt, dass die Glaubwürdigkeit/Authentizität das „höchste Gut“ der Social Influencer ist und die persönliche Beziehung sowie die Interaktion mit der Community weitere wichtige Aspekte darstellen. Die Social Influencer posten meistens Beiträge zu den Zeiten, in denen sie durchschnittlich am meisten Likes und Kommentare generieren können, sie verwenden viele Bildunterschriften, jedoch wenige Hashtags, die Interaktionsrate hängt stark davon ab, wie lukrativ ihre Beiträge für ihre Community sind. Beiträge mit freizügigen sowie nichtkinderfreundlichen Inhalten generieren durchschnittlich am meisten Likes und Kommentare. Die Analysen zeigen, dass Bilder der Social Influencer selbst oder Beiträge mit speziellen Ereignissen aus ihrem Leben tendenziell am meisten Likes von den Usern erhalten. Zudem posten die Social Influencer fast keine Beiträge, die gewalttätige, betrügerische oder medizinische Inhalte aufweisen.
Datenbasierte Weiterentwicklung des Kundenerlebnisses in der Möbelbranche
Authors: Aemmer David , Bigler Jonas , Harder Deane 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Konsumentenverhalten beim Kauf von Möbeln ist komplex. Konsequente Kundenorientierung entlang des Kaufentscheidungsprozesses findet nur statt, wenn kaufrelevante Informationen kundenzentriert bereitgestellt werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht entsprechende Erfolgsfaktoren im Schweizer Möbelhandel. Im Kaufprozess lag der Fokus auf den Schritten Informationssuche und Bewertung von Alternativen. Mit qualitativen Interviews wurde untersucht, wie Kunden vorgehen, welche Kanäle sie dabei nutzen und welchen Herausforderungen sie dabei begegnen (Customer Journey). Der 1. Schritt ist oft, dass sich Kunden zuerst online zu einem Möbelstück informieren, danach jedoch aufgrund fehlender, kaufrelevanter Information den stationären Handel besuchen. Es gilt ein Fällen des Kaufentscheides online zu erleichtern, Kanalwechsel motivierender zu gestalten und den Anschluss an Onlinerecherchen nahtlos zu gewährleisten. Im Zuge der voranschreitenden Digitalisierung, vor allem in den Bereichen Virtual Reality und Maschinenlernen, wird die Bedeutung dieser Faktoren weiter zunehmen.
Integration von Kryptowährungen in das Angebot von Regionalbanken
Authors: Mathys Michael , Gimeno Raul 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Einführung von Kryptowährungen bei Regionalbanken. Im Fokus liegt die Einführung der Kryptowährungen, wobei mit der zugrunde liegenden Blockchain-Technologie weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten denkbar sind, welche hier nicht berücksichtigt werden. Die folgenden Dienstleistungen wurden identifiziert, welche auf Basis von Kryptowährungen angeboten werden können: (1) Kryptowährung als Asset: Die verschiedenen Kryptowährungen können zur Wertanlage dienen; (2) Kryptowährung als Zahlungsmittel: Der originäre Zweck der Kryptowährung, digitaler Austausch zum Bezug von Waren und Dienstleistungen; (3) Begleitung von Initial Coin Offering (ICO): Kapitalbeschaffung für kleine und mittelgroße Unternehmen; (4) Kredite in Kryptowährungen: Finanzierungen in digitalen Währungen für Kunden mit Erträgen in Kryptowährungen. Bis auf die Begleitung von ICO bedingen sämtliche Umsetzungen technische Anpassungen an der aktuell eingesetzten Software unserer Modellbank. Neben den Anpassungen der Modellbank bietet sich bei allen möglichen Dienstleistungsangeboten eine Zusammenarbeit mit auf Kryptowährungen spezialisierten Unternehmen an. Neben der schnelleren Implementierung aufgrund eines Einkaufs in bestehende Lösungen kann so auch das Entwicklungsrisiko reduziert werden und es muss intern weniger Know-how aufgebaut werden.
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of novel myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate
Authors: Su Shijun , Zhou Qing , Tang Xuemei , Peng Feng , Liu Tingting , Liu Liwei , Xie Chengwei , He Ming , Xue Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate groups were designed and synthesized. Preliminary antibacterial activity showed that most of the target compounds exhibited significant biological activities against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Xac), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). In particular, the EC50 value of compound 3e was 13.76 μg/cm3 against Xac, which was better than commercial reagents bismerthiazol (50.32 µg/cm3) and thiodiazole copper. (83.27 µg/cm3), and the EC50 value of compound 3j was 11.92 μg/cm3 against Xoo in vitro, The result was better than that of bismerthiazol (72.08 µg/cm3) and thiodiazole copper (99.26 µg/cm3). Compound 3j displayed the better in vivo activity against rice bacterial leaf blight than bismerthiazol and thiodiazole copper. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism of compounds 3e and 3j was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). These results suggested that myricetin derivatives containing sulfonate can be considered as a new antibacterial reagents.
Graphic abstract
Energy-efficient routing in the proximity of a complicated hole in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nguyen Khanh-Van , Nguyen Chi-Hieu , Le Nguyen Phi , Van Do Tien , Chlamtac Imrich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA quest for geographic routing schemes of wireless sensor networks when sensor nodes are deployed in areas with obstacles has resulted in numerous ingenious proposals and techniques. However, there is a lack of solutions for complicated cases wherein the source or the sink nodes are located close to a specific hole, especially in cavern-like regions of large complex-shaped holes. In this paper, we propose a geographic routing scheme to deal with the existence of complicated-shape holes in an effective manner. Our proposed routing scheme achieves routes around holes with the (1+$$\epsilon$$
ϵ
)-stretch. Experimental results show that our routing scheme yields the highest load balancing and the most extended network lifetime compared to other well-known routing algorithms as well.
Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization
Authors: Kelova Mariya E. , Ali Aasim M. , Eich-Greatorex Susanne , Dörsch Peter , Kallenborn Roland , Jenssen Petter D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn-site small-scale sanitation is common in rural areas and areas without infrastructure, but the treatment of the collected fecal matter can be inefficient and is seldom directed to resource recovery. The aim of this study was to compare low-technology solutions such as composting and lactic acid fermentation (LAF) followed by vermicomposting in terms of treatment efficiency, potential human and environmental risks, and stabilization of the material for reuse in agriculture. A specific and novel focus of the study was the fate of native pharmaceutical compounds in the fecal matter. Composting, with and without the addition of biochar, was monitored by temperature and CO2production and compared with LAF. All treatments were run at three different ambient temperatures (7, 20, and 38°C) and followed by vermicomposting at room temperature. Materials resulting from composting and LAF were analyzed for fecal indicators, physicochemical characteristics, and residues of ten commonly used pharmaceuticals and compared to the initial substrate. Vermicomposting was used as secondary treatment and assessed by enumeration ofEscherichia coli, worm density, and physicochemical characteristics. Composting at 38°C induced the highest microbial activity and resulted in better stability of the treated material, higher N content, lower numbers of fecal indicators, and less pharmaceutical compounds as compared to LAF. Even though analysis of pH after LAF suggested incomplete fermentation,E. colicell numbers were significantly lower in all LAF treatments compared to composting at 7°C, and some of the anionic pharmaceutical compounds were detected in lower concentrations. The addition of approximately 5 vol % biochar to the composting did not yield significant differences in measured parameters. Vermicomposting further stabilized the material, and the treatments previously composted at 7°C and 20°C had the highest worm density. These results suggest that in small-scale decentralized sanitary facilities, the ambient temperatures can significantly influence the treatment and the options for safe reuse of the material.