bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low‐level laser therapy on postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fazlyab Mahta , Esmaeili Shahmirzadi Sepideh , Esnaashari Ehsan , Azizi Arash , Moshari Amir Abbas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal retreatment on mandibular molars.MethodologyThis randomized controlled clinical trial included 36 patients referred to the Department of Endodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Healthy patients who required root canal retreatment on symptomatic first or second mandibular molars, with a PAI index score of 2 or 3, preoperative tooth and percussion pain of <56 mm on a 170‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS) were included. After local anaesthesia using inferior alveolar nerve block followed by rubber dam isolation and access cavity preparation, the D RaCe retreatment system was used to remove the existing root filling material, and after canal negotiation and gaining patency, working length was determined with an apex locator. Further canal enlargement was carried out with size 35, 0.04 taper, and size 40, 0.04 taper RaCe rotary instruments and then canals were filled using laterally compacted gutta–percha points and AH Plus sealer. The patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups: In the LLLT group, a 980‐nm diode laser set at 6.89 W/cm2 energy density, 0.5 W power, and a tip diameter of 10 mm were activated from the buccal side on the mesial and distal root apices for 15 s. In the sham group, the laser handpiece was placed inside the patient's mouth at the same location, but the laser was not activated. Then patients were instructed to record their postoperative pain levels at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h and 2, 3 and 7 days after treatment on separate VAS scales. For data analysis, the independent sample t and the Mann–Whitney U tests were used. Nominal variables were analysed by using the chi‐square test.ResultsIn the LLLT group, the most intense pain was reported 24 and 48 h post‐treatment [mean (SD) = 0.22 (0.54) for both], whereas in the sham group, the most intense pain level was observed 4 h post‐treatment [mean (SD) = 0.78 (0.80)]. At the 4‐h interval, pain intensity was significantly lower in the LLLT group (p = .016).ConclusionsLow‐level laser therapy reduced postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal retreatment of mandibular molars only four hours following the procedure.
Crack‐free cathode of intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells via electrospray deposition
Authors: Li Guangmin , Kim Jeong Hun , Son Ji‐Won , Choi Mansoo , Kim Hyoungchul , Shin Sung Soo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCracks and delamination primarily revealed in the microscale‐thick cathode have been known as the major cause of increasing the polarization resistance and inhibiting the low‐temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Besides, these defects were originated from the polymer dispersant, essential for the fabrication of the bulk cathode layer. Herein, we manufactured a crack‐free cathode layer by optimizing the deposition temperature (Tdep) of the powder‐suspension electrospray deposition (ESD) process through thermal characterization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a polymer used in the slurry of ESD. SOFCs with the cathode deposited at the glass transition temperature of PVP resulted in a maximum power density of 0.481 W/cm2, 37% and 39% improved than those with the cathode deposited at Tdep = 25 and 200℃, respectively, at 650℃. Furthermore, the effect of uniformly dispersed morphology of cathode without defects was demonstrated by the reduction of polarization resistance through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.
Low‐cost inkjet printing of thin‐film mullite structures
Authors: Žitňan Michal , Müller Lenka , Zub Karina , Schubert Ulrich S. , Galusek Dušan , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA commodity inkjet printer was modified to print layered ceramic structures on stiff glass substrates, using inks in the form of sols with mullite stoichiometry. The sol composition was optimized in terms of ink viscosity, surface tension, and evaporation properties. The ink was then fed into a multi‐nozzle commodity printer head and deposited by ink‐jetting. Thin lines without bulges with a thickness of ∼1.8 μm with concave profile and a line width of ∼100 μm were successfully printed on fused silica substrates. The presence of mullite was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and XRD after sintering of printed structures.
Frequency of compound hot–dry weather extremes has significantly increased in Australia since 1889
Authors: Collins Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is high confidence that climate change has increased the probability of concurrent temperature‐precipitation extremes, changed their spatial‐temporal variations and affected the relationships between drivers of such natural hazards. However, the extent of such changes has been less investigated in Australia. Daily data spanning the period 1889‐2019 (131 years) were extracted from SILO gridded dataset at 700 grid cells (1◦ × 1◦) across Australia to calculate annual and seasonal mean daily maximum temperature (MMT) and total precipitation (TPR). A nonparametric multivariate copula framework was adopted to estimate the return period of compound hot‐dry (CHD) events based on an ‘And’ hazard scenario (hotter than a threshold ‘And’ drier than a threshold). CHD extremes were defined as years with joint return periods of longer than 25 years calculated over the period 1889‐2019. Mann‐Kendall nonparametric tests were used to analyse trends in MMT and TPR as well as in the frequency of univariate and CHD extremes. Results showed a general cooling‐wetting trend over 1889‐1989. Significant increasing trends were detected over 1990‐2019 in the frequency and severity of hot extremes across the country while trends in dry extremes were mostly insignificant (and decreasing). A significant increase in the association between temperature and precipitation was identified at various temporal scales. While the frequency of CHD extremes was mostly stable over 1889‐1989, it significantly increased between 1990 and 2019 at 44% of studied grid cells, mostly located in the north, south‐east and southwest.
Effects of high temperature during anthesis and grain filling on physiological characteristics of winter wheat cultivars
Authors: Mirosavljević Milan , Mikić Sanja , Župunski Vesna , Kondić Špika Ankica , Trkulja Dragana , Ottosen Carl‐Otto , Zhou Rong , Abdelhakim Lamis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to climate change, multiple heat events are expected to be an additional limiting factor that will adversely affect wheat production. The study aimed to analyze the physiological response to heat stress in four winter wheat cultivars at different physiological stages under greenhouse conditions during 2019. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, fructose, glucose and sucrose content, grain yield per plant, grain weight and number of grains per plant were analyzed in wheat cultivars under short periods of heat stress at anthesis and mid‐grain filling, and combined stress at anthesis and mid‐grain filling. The results of the study indicated that heat stress modified the photosynthesis‐related and grain yield–related traits. Moreover, heat stress caused a decrease of sucrose content, while fructose and glucose content increased. Heat stress had more pronounced effects on the photosynthetic parameters and grain yield during grain filling than during anthesis. A significant variation observed among cultivar responses to the negative impact of heat stress highlighted the fact that cultivars Pobeda and Gladius were more tolerant than Renesansa and Simonida. Different cultivar reactions to heat stress during anthesis and grain filling indicated the need to conduct further studies with wheat cultivars of different origin in order to identify additional sources of tolerance.
Knockdown of CENPK inhibits cell growth and facilitates apoptosis via PTEN‐PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Shusheng , Cao Lulu , Ke Lihong , Yan Ying , Luo Huiqin , Hu Xiaoxiu , Niu Jiayu , Li Huimin , Xu Huijun , Chen Wenju , Pan Yueyin , He Yifu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that centromere protein K (CENPK) is upregulated in several cancers and related to tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the potential function of CENPK in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the function of CENPK on oncogenicity and explored its underlying mechanisms in GC. Our results showed that CENPK was dramatically overexpressed in GC and was associated with poor prognosis through bioinformatics analysis. We demonstrated that CENPK is upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of CENPK significantly inhibited proliferation in vitro and attenuated the growth of implanted GCs in vivo. In addition, CENPK silencing induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and facilitated apoptosis of GC cells. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway was considerably enriched. Knockdown of CENPK decreased the expression of PI3K, p‐Akt (Ser437) and p‐GSK3β (Ser9) in GC cells, and increased the expression of PTEN. In conclusion, this study indicated that CENPK was overexpressed in GC and may promote gastric carcinogenesis through the PTEN‐PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway. Thus, CENPK may be a potential target for cancer therapeutics in GC.
Optimization of immunization procedure for SWCNTs‐based subunit vaccine with mannose modification against spring viraemia of carp virus in common carp
Authors: Gong Yu‐Ming , Zhang Chen , Li Yang , Chen Guo , Wang Gao‐Xue , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmersion vaccination of single‐walled carbon nanotubes loaded with mannose‐modified glycoprotein (SWCNTs‐MG) vaccine has been proved to be effective in preventing spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Immunization procedure has immense consequence on the immune effect of the immersion vaccine. However, immunization procedure optimization for SWCNTs‐MG vaccine against SVCV has not been reported. In this study, accordingly, a full‐factor experiment was designed to optimize the immunization procedure of SWCNTs‐MG vaccine by three aspects of vaccine dose (30 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 50 mg/L), immunization density (8 fish L−1, 24 fish L−1 and 48 fish L−1) and immunization time (6, 12 and 24 hr). Furthermore, we used the immunization group (A1B2C1, 30 mg/L, 24 fish L−1 and 6 hr) in the previous study as a positive control (PC) to evaluate the immunization effect optimized conditions from the expression of immune‐related genes and relative percentage survival (RPS). At 28 days post‐vaccination (DPV), common carps were intraperitoneal injected SVCV challenged test indicated that the A1B2C2 group (30 mg/L, 24 fish L−1, 12 hr) displayed superiority of protective efficacy compare with other groups and the RPS with 77.9%, which was 15.6% higher than the PC group of RPS with 62.3%. Moreover, the expression of immune‐related genes such as IL‐10, CD4 and MHC‐II was also significantly higher than PC group. The specific experimental flow chart is shown in Figure 1. Conclusively, these results demonstrated that vaccine dose, immunization density and immunization time are 30 mg/L, 24 fish L−1 and 12 hr, which is the more appropriate immunization programme with juvenile carp for SWCNTs‐MG vaccine. This study provides a profitable reference for improving the immune efficiency of aquatic immersion vaccine.The experiment process and timeline chart of the present researchimage
Psychometric Validation of the Japanese Version of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS) in Early Adolescents1,2
Authors: Shinkawa Hiroki , Takahashi Michio , Adachi Masaki , Murayama Yasuo , Yasuda Sayura , Malecki Christine Kerres , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSocial support in children and adolescents is fundamental for preventing mental health problems. Differences in sources and types of social support may lead to differential effects on psychosocial outcomes; however, tools to assess these differences are lacking in Japan. The present study investigated the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS) in 1,068 students aged 9–15 years. A confirmatory factor analysis showed robustness for the five‐factor model, while the third‐order factor model, which integrated the overall scale and four subdomains (types: emotional, informational, appraisal, and instrumental) within the five domains (sources: parent, teacher, classmate, close friend, and school) above, also met criteria for good model fit. The overall scale and all domains and subdomains demonstrated sufficient internal consistency (α = .76–.98). For construct validity, there were significant correlations between CASSS scores and prosocial behavior, internalizing or externalizing problems as assessed by the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and depressive symptoms assessed by the Depression Self‐Rating Scale for Children (DSRS‐C). The agreement rate between these correlation coefficients and the prespecified hypothesis was 89.6%. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the CASSS has adequate reliability and validity and can be used to assess perceived social support among Japanese early adolescents.
Plant nitrate supply regulates Erwinia amylovora virulence gene expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Farjad Mahsa , Clément Gilles , Launay Alban , Jeridi Roua , Jolivet Sylvie , Citerne Sylvie , Rigault Martine , Soulie Marie‐Christine , Dinant Sylvie , Fagard Mathilde 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe showed previously that nitrogen (N) limitation decreases Arabidopsis resistance to Erwinia amylovora (Ea). We show that decreased resistance to bacteria in low N is correlated with lower apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lower jasmonic acid (JA) pathway expression. Consistently, pretreatment with methyl jasmonate (Me‐JA) increased the resistance of plants grown under low N. In parallel, we show that in planta titres of a nonvirulent type III secretion system (T3SS)‐deficient Ea mutant were lower than those of wildtype Ea in low N, as expected, but surprisingly not in high N. This lack of difference in high N was consistent with the low expression of the T3SS‐encoding hrp virulence genes by wildtype Ea in plants grown in high N compared to plants grown in low N. This suggests that expressing its virulence factors in planta could be a major limiting factor for Ea in the nonhost Arabidopsis. To test this hypothesis, we preincubated Ea in an inducing medium that triggers expression of hrp genes in vitro, prior to inoculation. This preincubation strongly enhanced Ea titres in planta, independently of the plant N status, and was correlated to a significant repression of JA‐dependent genes. Finally, we identify two clusters of metabolites associated with resistance or with susceptibility to Ea. Altogether, our data showed that high susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Ea, under low N or following preincubation in hrp‐inducing medium, is correlated with high expression of the Ea hrp genes in planta and low expression of the JA signalling pathway, and is correlated with the accumulation of specific metabolites.
Occurrence and characteristics of pain after ICU discharge: A longitudinal study
Authors: Valsø Åse , Rustøen Tone , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Puntillo Kathleen , Skogstad Laila , Schou‐Bredal Inger , Sunde Kjetil , Tøien Kirsti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain is a serious problem for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but we are lacking data on pain at the hospital ward after ICU discharge.Aims and ObjectivesTo describe pain intensity, ‐interference with function and ‐location in patients up to 1 year after ICU discharge. To identify demographic and clinical variables and their association with worst pain intensity and pain interference.DesignA longitudinal descriptive secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on nurse‐led follow‐up consultations on post‐traumatic stress and sense of coherence after ICU discharge.MethodsPain intensity, ‐interference, and ‐location were measured using Brief Pain Inventory at the hospital ward and 3, 6, and 12 months after ICU discharge. For associations, data were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models for repeated measures.ResultsOf 523 included patients, 68% reported worst pain intensity score above 0 (no pain) at the ward. Estimated means for worst pain intensity and –interference (from 0 to 10) after ICU discharge were 5.5 [CI 4.6‐6.5] and 4.5 [CI 3.7‐5.3], and decreased to 3.8 [CI 2.8‐4.8] (P ≤ .001) and 2.9 [CI 2.1‐3.7] after 12 months (P ≤ .001). Most common pain locations were abdomen (43%), lower lumbar back (28%), and shoulder/forearm (22%). At 12 months, post‐traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms ≥25 (scale 10‐70), female gender, shorter ICU stay, and more traumatic ICU memories were significantly associated with higher worst pain intensity. PTS symptoms ≥25, female gender, more traumatic ICU memories, younger age, and not having an internal medical diagnosis were significantly associated with higher pain interference.ConclusionsEarly after ICU discharge pain was present in 68% of patients. Thereafter, pain intensity and ‐interference declined, but pain intensity was still at a moderate level at 12 months. Health professionals should be aware of patients' pain and identify potentially vulnerable patients.Implication for PracticeLongitudinal assessment of factors associated with pain early after ICU discharge and the following year is a first step that could improve follow‐up focus and contribute to reduced development of chronic pain.
Timing‐dependent differential effects of unexpected events on error processing reveal the interactive dynamics of surprise and error processing
Authors: Guan Yao , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen unexpected events occur during goal‐directed behavior, they automatically trigger an orienting‐related cascade of psychological and neural processes through which they influence behavior and cognition. If the unexpected event was caused by an action error, additional error‐specific, strategic‐related processes have been proposed to follow the initial orienting period. Little is known about the neural interactions between action errors and unexpected perceptual events, two instantiations of unexpected events, in these two putative stages of post‐error processing. Here, we aimed to address this by investigating the electrophysiological dynamics associated with action errors and unexpected perceptual events using scalp EEG with a focus on the frontal midline (FM) delta‐to‐theta oscillations (1–8 Hz) indicative of the performance‐monitoring system. Specifically, we examined how the timing of unexpected sounds would influence behavior and neural oscillations after action errors, depending on the length of the intertrial interval (ITI). Our data showed that unexpected sounds aggravated post‐error decreases in accuracy when they occurred (1) immediately after errors (i.e., post‐error orienting period), regardless of ITI and (2) immediately after the post‐error stimulus (i.e., post‐error strategic period), at short ITIs. Meanwhile, action errors and unexpected sounds independently produced increased FM delta‐to‐theta power during the post‐error orienting period, regardless of ITIs. However, when unexpected sounds occurred during the post‐error strategic period, action errors produced lower FM delta‐to‐theta power than correct responses, at short ITIs. These differential effects of unexpected events on behavior and FM delta‐to‐theta dynamics support the notion of the two post‐error periods during which different processes are implemented.
Why don’t we know more about the minds of authentic people?
Authors: Beer Jennifer S. , Brandler Serena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBy definition, authentic people presumably do not fall prey to the self‐evaluation biases which pervade human social cognition yet a close look at the existing literature suggests this presumption is ill‐founded. For example, only a few studies have examined whether people feel more authentic when they make decisions which express their true selves in the face of social pressure. In contrast to theories of authenticity, studies find that feelings of authenticity are either unrelated or unexpectedly decreased in relation to decisions which draw on the true self. Furthermore, behavioral and neural research do not consistently find that feelings of authenticity arise in the absence of self‐serving biases. We propose that we know a lot less about the thoughts of an authentic person than is widely believed and some of the core assumptions may be wrong. We posit specific methodological considerations and research questions which need to be addressed before it will be possible to conclude whether core assumptions about social cognition and authenticity have robust empirical support (or need to be revised). A research program which illuminates the relation between social cognition and authenticity will be helpful for understanding the manner in which a person's thoughts contribute to the experience of authenticity and its benefits.
Dynamic interplay between AfadinS1795 phosphorylation and diet regulates glucose homeostasis in obese mice
Authors: Tozzi Marco , Brown Erin L. , Petersen Patricia S. S. , Lundh Morten , Isidor Marie S. , Plucińska Kaja , Nielsen Thomas S. , Agueda‐Oyarzabal Marina , Small Lewin , Treebak Jonas T. , Emanuelli Brice 
Published: August 2021

Key points
Afadin is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein with a recently discovered role in insulin signalling and glucose metabolism.
Insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Afadin at S1795 occurs in insulin‐responsive tissues such as adipose tissue, muscle, liver, pancreas and heart.
Afadin abundance and AfadinS1795 phosphorylation are dynamically regulated in metabolic tissues during diet‐induced obesity progression.
Genetic silencing of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improves glucose homeostasis in the early stages of diet‐induced metabolic dysregulation.
AfadinS1795 phosphorylation contributes to the early development of obesity‐related complications in mice.
AbstractObesity is associated with systemic insulin resistance and numerous metabolic disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying impaired insulin action during obesity remain to be fully elucidated. Afadin is a multifunctional scaffold protein with the ability to modulate insulin action through its phosphorylation at S1795 in adipocytes. In the present study, we report that insulin‐stimulated AfadinS1795 phosphorylation is not restricted to adipose tissues, but is a common signalling event in insulin‐responsive tissues including muscle, liver, pancreas and heart. Furthermore, a dynamic regulation of Afadin abundance occurred during diet‐induced obesity progression, while its phosphorylation was progressively attenuated. To investigate the role of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in the regulation of whole‐body metabolic homeostasis, we generated a phospho‐defective mouse model (Afadin SA) in which the Afadin phosphorylation site was silenced (S1795A) at the whole‐body level using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated gene editing. Metabolic characterization of these mice under basal physiological conditions or during a high‐fat diet (HFD) challenge revealed that preventing AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and increased liver glycogen storage in the early stage of diet‐induced metabolic dysregulation, without affecting body weight. Together, our findings reveal that AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in metabolic tissues is critical during obesity progression and contributes to promote systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in the early phase of diet‐induced obesity.