bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing Performance Using Hydrothermally Prepared Tricomposite Nanoflower Structure of Ta2O5:Si:Graphite
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Rahman Shafaque , Tabassum Rana , Hafiz Aurangzeb Khurram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe a tricomposite nanoflower structure based method to measure the trace amount of refractive index in aqueous solutions. It utilizes tantalum (v) oxide, silicon and graphite to fabricate the tricomposite nanostructures. The tricomposite nanoflower structures were prepared using hydrothermal method where the concentration of (x) of Si in Ta2O5 was varied while the concentration of graphite was kept constant. The concentration of Si in Ta2O5 was measured by Maxwell-Garnett model using volume filling factor 'f' (0≤f≤1) of Si in Ta2O5. The fabricated Ta2O5:Si:Graphite tricomposite nanoflower structures were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, PL, FTIR characterization techniques. Then aqueous solution of varying refractive indices were prepared in the range 1.33-1.39 in the already prepared tricomposite nanoflower structure solution. The refractive index measurement were probed by measuring absorption spectra corresponding to each tricomposite nanoflower structures. The performance of the sensor was explored in terms of shift in peak absorption spectra, sensitivity and moreover the limit of detection. The sensor shows sensitivity and limit of detection of (156-260) nm/RIU and 5.14x10-3 RIU respectively. A linear declining of sensitivity was observed within the refractive index range. The sensor possesses a distinguished feature of using tricomposite nanoflower structure which is an efficient method for refractive index measurement.
Malposition of a Nasogastric Feeding Tube Into the Right Pleural Cavity of a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient After Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhu Hong , Liu Zheng , Deng Xuexue 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Nasogastric feeding tube plays an important role in nutrition intake, drug administration, and stomach emptying for patients with severe dysphagia. However, inserting nasogastric tubes is not absolutely harmless. Inadvertent malposition into the trachea or the pleural cavity could result in severe pulmonary complications. Case presentation: We present a case of a 67-year-old patient with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and after the treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nasogastric tubes have to be placed for enteral nutrition and avoiding aspiration owing to his severe dysphagia. Unfortunately, he experienced a malposition of nasogastric tube into the right pleura cavity after blind replacement by nurse, whereas the nurses and physicians did not recognize this fault, even the bedside chest radiography (X-ray) was performed twice after intubation. A week later, his condition deteriorated so rapidly that he had to undergo tracheotomy, and the tube was finally found in his trachea.Conclusions: The Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be fully evaluated before the nasogastric tube placement whether the blind insertion is suitable or not. Meanwhile, we should not feed immediately unless we have a radiograph to verify the right position of NG tube. Furthermore, careful monitoring of both typical and untypical symptoms of malposition is essential during tube feeding.
Performance Analysis of the Ventilation System for a Surgical Operating Room in Egypt: A Case Study of Mataria Teaching Hospital in Cairo
Authors: Maxemos Philip , abdelsamie abouelmagd , Sadek Hatem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Design of the ventilation system in a hospital operating room plays a very important role, not only in providing thermal comfort and hygienic environment for the patients or staff, but also to ensure the scavenging of any contaminants or airborne particles in the operating room theatre that might leak from outside to the operating room or emitting from patients’ infections. The present study focuses at airflow distribution, temperature, humidity and velocity profiles in a surgical operating room. An operating room inside the Mataria teaching hospital in Cairo (Egypt) has been chosen for the study. Numerical and experimental studies were carried out, where the room was ventilated through laminar flow diffuser system and 100% fresh air. The air was released by four outlet grills: two grills at a low level of the floor and two grills at a high level of the floor. In this work, two cases are investigated. In case I, the air outlets have been installed on one side of the room (which already exists in the hospital); and in Case II, the air outlets have been installed on two opposite sides (the suggested case). The results showed that the proposed modification (Case II) performed better distribution of ventilation than Case I. Therefore, it is recommended to install air outlets in two different side areas inside the room in order to avoid the accumulation of contaminants.
Are Return of Service Bursaries an Effective Investment to Build Health Workforce Capacity? A Qualitative Study of Key South African Policymakers
Authors: Mabunda Sikhumbuzo A. , Durbach Andrea , Chitha Wezile W. , Angell Blake , Joshi Rohina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Return-of-service schemes or bursaries are used in South Africa and other nations to publicly fund the training of skilled health professionals in return for the beneficiary agreeing to return to serve in their local provinces on a year-for-year basis. This study aimed to understand how these policies operate across different provinces in South Africa to examine whether they achieved their objectives and identify strengths and areas for improvement in the schemes to inform policymakers in South Africa and internationally. Methods: This research draws on the insights of 15 key South African policymakers from eight of its nine provinces through semi-structured, qualitative interviews. The respondents were interviewed through Microsoft Teams virtual platform, either in pairs (4) or as individuals (7). Data were analysed using inductive, thematic content analysis in NVIVO. Results: Respondents reported that the schemes had resulted in an increase in the number of skilled health professionals and had provided opportunities for study and employment for previously marginalised groups. Formal evaluations of the impact of the schemes were not reported, however, a number of shortcomings with current schemes were identified that were likely limiting their effectiveness. Respondents reported a lack of foresight in the scheme implementation including a bias in the selection of beneficiaries towards medical professionals at the expense of other health workers. Furthermore, failure to plan for practice location when beneficiaries finished training limited the capacity of the schemes to meet the needs of local populations. Monitoring of recipients was limited by loopholes in contract design, decision-making and, poor coordination between departments. Between 5 and 30% of beneficiaries were reported to default their contracts with some not completing their studies, some not returning after completing their internship and others terminating their services before concluding their contracts. Conclusions: Return-of-service schemes have helped in overcoming health professional shortages. However, they haven’t been formally evaluated. Several planning and implementation shortcomings were identified which can be improved to enhance access to healthcare in South Africa.
Quantification of liver fat deposition in obese patients and diabetic patients: a pilot study on the correlation with myocardium and para-apical fat content
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Qing-Ling , Wen Hui-Quan , Shen Li-Shan , Luo Xiao-Wen , Guo Yu , Zhou Bin , Guo Ruo-Mi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and the mortality of NAFLD-related heart diseases is higher than that of NAFLD-related liver diseases. We aimed to quantitatively measure liver, myocardium, and para-apical fat in obese patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with varying degrees of liver fat deposition using IDEAL-IQ technology and to explore the differences in fat content and their correlations.
Materials and Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 170 patients, including 85 obese patients (50 males, 35 females; average age, 43.5 years) and 85 T2DM patients (45 males, 40 females; average age, 45.5 years). All patients underwent axial T1WI, T2WI, and IDEAL-IQ, the FF map of the right liver lobe, the interventricular septum, the left ventricle, and para-apical fat was used for the quantitative measurement of fat content.
Results

For obese patients, the myocardial fat content was significantly higher in the severe fatty liver group than other liver groups (left ventricle, 3.65% ± 0.80%; interventricular septum, 3.46% ± 0.84%). For T2DM patients, the fat contents of different para-apical fat were positively correlated with fatty liver severity (p < 0.05) and were higher in T2DM patients with fatty liver than in obese patients with fatty liver. For both obese patients and T2DM patients, para-apical fat was only significantly different between the normal liver group (obese patients, 89.10±3.73%; T2DM patients, 89.14±3.80%) and the mild fatty liver group (obese patients, 92.64±2.43%; T2DM patients, 92.42±2.70%) (p < 0.01) and was unrelated to fatty liver severity (p > 0.05).
Conclusion

The results showed myocardial fat content increased with liver fat content, T2DM patients were more likely to have myocardial fat deposition than obese patients, and the fat content trends were consistent in para-apical fat in patients with varying degrees of fatty liver. This study provides an accurate and non-invasive method for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-related heart diseases in obese patients and T2DM patients.
Association Between Obstetric Violence and Symptoms Suggestive of Postpartum Depression
Authors: Paiz Janini Cristina , Castro Stela Maris Jezus , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo , Ahne Sarah Maria Santos , Dall'Aqua Camila Bonalume , Giugliani Camila 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Postpartum depression is a common condition in the pregnancy and postpartum cycle. The development of this condition is multifactorial and can be influenced by previous traumas. This study sought to verify whether there is an association between having been exposed to obstetric violence and presenting symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with the inclusion of 287 women without complications in childbirth, randomly selected from two maternity hospitals of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, in 2016. Four weeks after delivery, the postpartum women answered a face-to-face interview about socioeconomic aspects, obstetric history, health history, and childbirth experience (practices and interventions applied) and completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). From the perception of women regarding the practices performed in the context of childbirth care, a composite variable was created, using item response theory, to measure the level of obstetric violence. The items that made up this variable were: absence of a companion during delivery, feeling insecure and not welcome, lack of privacy, lack of skin-to-skin contact after delivery, not having understood the information shared with them, and not having felt comfortable to ask questions and make decisions about their care. To define symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression, reflecting on increased probability of this condition, the EPDS score was set at ≥8. Poisson Regression with robust variance estimation was used for modeling.Results: Women who experienced obstetric violence had a higher prevalence of symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression (PR 1.55 95% CI 1.07-2.25), as well as those with a history of mental health problems (PR 2.41 95% CI 1.15-5.05), while higher socioeconomic status (A and B) had an inverse association (PR 0.38 95% CI 0.19-0.78).Conclusions: Symptoms suggestive of postpartum depression seems to be more prevalent in women who have suffered obstetric violence, of low socioeconomic status, and with a history of mental health problems. Thus, qualifying care for women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum and reducing social inequalities are challenges to be faced in order to reduce the occurrence of postpartum depression.
New Method for Predicting Casing Wear in Highly Deviated Wells Using Mud Logging Data
Authors: Farab Asgar Eyvazi , Shahbazi Khalil , Hashemi Abdolnabi , Shahbazi Alireza 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Casing wear is an essential and complex phenomenon in oil and gas wells. Research is being conducted to predict this phenomenon. This study was conducted at a well in southwestern Iran. In this paper, first examine the force exerted on the drill string. Next, the contact force between the drill string and the casing is calculated. Finally, the wear volume and the depth of the wear groove are determined. These calculations were performed using MATLAB and Python software. In addition, due to the high accuracy of coding, mud log data was used to make the results more accurate. It has also been shown that increasing RPM increases the depth of wear and attempts to drill a highly deviated wells as a sliding mode. Finally, compared the results and matched them with the wireline logs recorded from the well.
Modeling Dietary Diversity Practice and Related Factors of Women Reproductive Age at Asaita Woredas, Ethiopia: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abebe Alebachew , Abebe Alebachew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Competent and health diet throughout women reproductive age is crucial for the health of both mother and new born. Dietary diversity is a procurator indicator of women reproductive age nutrient sufficiency.
Objectives
This study was planned to evaluate the dietary diversity exercise and associated factors among women reproductive age at Asaita districts, Afar region, Ethiopia.
Methods
Community based cross-sectional study was done on randomly chosen 422 women under reproductive age at Asaita woredas from February to March, 2020. Data was gathered by using interviewer and 24 hours dietary call up methods. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS version-25. Ordinary logistic regression model was employed to assess factors associated with dietary diversity and potential factors were screened at P-value less than 5%.
Results
The average dietary diversity score was 4.17±1.112SD. Approximately 13.0%, 78.5% and 8.5% of women reproductive age had low, medium and high dietary diversity practice respectively. Family size of male, family size of female, marital status, education level, house with window, having cell phone, bank, refrigerator, television and cart were significant factors associated with women dietary diversity practice at 5% level of significance. The odds of being “low dietary” instead of “high dietary” multiplies by OR=0.665 for each 1-unit increase in family size of female household. Odds of house with window is in low dietary rather than high dietary scores are OR=2.793 times estimated odds for house with no window’s.
Conclusion
Marital status, house with window, having cell phone, owner of bank account and refrigerator had a positive association with dietary diversity whereas family size, education level, having television and cart had a negative relation with women under reproductive age of dietary diversity.
Easier in Practice than in Theory – Experiences of Coaches in Charge of Community-Based Soccer Training for Men with Prostate Cancer: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Roed Kickan , Bjerre Eik Dybboe , Midtgaard Julie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that community-based exercise programs and sports participation benefit long-term physical activity adherence and promote health in clinical populations. Recent research shows that community-based soccer can improve mental health and bone health and result in fewer hospital admissions in men with prostate cancer. However, little knowledge exists on what coaches experience, leading to a scarcity of knowledge on how to assist them in promoting and supporting the sustainability of programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of non-professional soccer coaches in providing community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer.
Results
We interviewed 13 out of 21 eligible non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering the Football Club Prostate Community program, which is community-based soccer training for men with prostate cancer at 12 local soccer clubs across Denmark. Qualitative content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman, was applied to analyze the data using NVivo 12 software. We identified the five following overall categories with 10 subcategories on what the coaches experienced: (1) enabling training of a clinical population in a community setting, (2) dedication based on commitment, (3) coaching on the players’ terms, (4) navigating the illness, and (5) ensuring sustainability. Collectively, the findings suggest that, while the coaches felt adequately prepared to coach, their coaching role developed and was refined only through interaction with the players, indicating that coaching clinical populations may be easier in practice than in theory and a potentially transformative learning experience.
Conclusions
Non-professional soccer coaches in charge of delivering soccer training for men with prostate cancer value being educated about specific illness-related issues. Initial concerns about how to coach a clinical population disappeared once the coaches engaged with the players and developed their own team norms and illness management strategies. They also gained a broader perspective on their own lives, which they valued and would not otherwise have achieved by coaching a healthy population. Our study indicates that sustainable implementation and the program’s sustainability can be promoted and supported through additional formal, easily accessible communication with trained health professionals and by networking with peer coaches.
Is YouTube a Reliable Source of Health-Related Information? A Systematic Review
Authors: Osman Wael , Mohamed Fatma , Elhassan Mohamed , Shoufan Abdulhadi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: You Tube is a valuable source of health-related educational material which can have a profound impact on people's health-related behaviors and decisions. However, YouTube contains a wide variety of unverified content that may promote unhealthy behaviors and activities. We aim in this systematic review to provide insight into the published literature concerning the quality of health information and educational videos found on YouTube.Methods: A search of peer-reviewed original articles was conducted regarding the educational value of YouTube medical videos which were published in English. We searched Google Scholar, Medline (through PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, Direct Science, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. A literature search was conducted between April 1 and April 31 of 2021. Based on the eligibility criteria, 202 artilces covering 30 medical categories were included in the qualitative synthesis.Results: We reviewed approximately 22,300 videos in all of the studies we reviewed, with a mean of 115 videos per paper, which were assessed by 2.6 assessors. The quality of the videos was rated based on either scores or categories. Researchers commonly employed scoring systems that were either standardized (e.g., GQS, DISCERN, and JAMA) or based upon the guidelines and recommendations of professional associations. The results using different scores indicated an average to below-average quality. According to our aggregate quality assessment data, most of the videos were of poor quality. In terms of bias, only 32% of the videos appear neutral toward the health content, indicating that bias occurs frequently in these videos. Furthermore, the majority of the studies found a negative correlation between the quality and popularity of the videos.Conclusions: YouTube is currently a poor to average source of health information. Furthermore, YouTube metrics are indeed tricky and can be misleading when determining the quality of videos. The future solution should be to implement ranking filtering algorithms that consider experts' endorsements, peer-review, and other metrics that can push up endorsed videos in the search results.
Inheritance of growth habit under photoperiod insensitive genetic background in dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet)
Authors: Basanagouda Gonal , Ramesh Sampangi , Chandana Basalapura Rangegowda , Siddu Chindi Basavaraj , Kirankumar Rotti , Kalpana Mugali Pundalik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Development of high yielding cultivars with determinate growth habit in photoperiod insensitive (PIS) background is one of the major objectives of breeding grain legumes crops including dolichos bean. A thoroughly validated genetic basis is a prerequisite for breeding dolichos bean for determinate growth habit in PIS background. Based on the published reports by researchers of our laboratory and those by others, and our unpublished data, we hypothesized that the number and mode of action of genes controlling growth habit differ with degree of photoperiod sensitivity of the genetic material used to investigate the inheritance of growth habit in dolichos bean. To test this hypothesis, we compared the number and mode of action of genes controlling growth habit between segregating generations in Photoperiod sensitive (PS) and those in PIS genetic backgrounds. While indeterminate and determinate plants segregated in 15:1 ratio in F2 populations derived from crosses between determinate PIS and indeterminate PIS parents, they segregated in 9:7 ratio with indeterminacy being dominant in F2 populations derived from crosses between determinate PIS and indeterminate PS parents. These patterns of segregation (15:1 and 9:7) in favour of indeterminate and determinate plants, respectively in F2 populations were confirmed in F3 populations of PIS and PS genetic backgrounds based on good fit between observed and expected ratios (55:9 and 29:35, respectively) in favour of indeterminate and determinate plants, respectively. The patterns of segregation in F2 populations were further confirmed in F3 populations based on good fit between observed and expected ratios of 3:1 segregating and non-segregating families, and of 3:1 indeterminate and determinate non-segregating families, respectively.