bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squeezed flow of water-based nanofluid having temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Abbasi F M , Shanakhat I , Shehzad S A , Ben Hamida Mohamed Bechir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubjected to the numerous applications of squeezed flows of nanofluids, this article provides the analysis of squeezed flow of water-based nanofluids. Viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid is considered to vary with temperature. Appropriate modifications in the Brinkman’s viscosity and Hamilton-Crosser’s thermal conductivity model have been made for the present analysis. Heat generation/absorption has been also considered. Analysis is presented by considering the various nanoparticles (i.e. copper, silver, alumina etc). Physical analysis of numerical results is facilitated via graphs and tables. Comparison for cylindrical and spherical nanoparticles is also provided. Results indicate that the velocity profile shows a decreasing behavior with an increase in squeeze number and decays against incrementing thermal conductivity parameter for both spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles.
Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events
Authors: Smith D. , Besson D.Z. , Deaconu C. , Prohira S. , Allison P. , Batten L. , Beatty J.J. , Binns W.R. , Bugaev V. , Cao P. , Chen C. , Chen P. , Clem J.M. , Connolly A. , Cremonesi L. , Dasgupta P. , Gorham P.W. , Israel M.H. , Liu T.C. , Ludwig A. , Matsuno S. , Miki C. , Nam J. , Novikov A. , Nichol R.J. , Oberla E. , Prechelt R. , Rauch B.F. , Russell J. , Saltzberg D. , Seckel D. , Varner G.S. , Vieregg A.G. , Wissel S.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The balloon-borne ANITA [1] experiment is designed to detect
ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by in-ice
showers. Although initially purposed for interactions within the
Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to
self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high energy charged
cosmic rays [2] (CR) interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For
showers produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the
down-coming radio signals at the Antarctic surface should result in
a polarity inversion prior to subsequent observation at the ∼35–40
km altitude ANITA gondola. Based on data taken during the ANITA-1
and ANITA-3 flights, ANITA published two anomalous instances of
upcoming cosmic-rays with measured polarity opposite the remaining
sample of ∼50 UHECR signals [3, 4]. The steep observed upwards
incidence angles (25–30 degrees relative to the horizontal) require
non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice
neutrino interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would
otherwise prohibit neutrinos from penetrating the long required
chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al. [5] posit that glaciological
effects may explain the steep observed anomalous events. We herein
consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find them to
be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note
that the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous
ANITA-4 events [6], at >3σ significance, are incompatible with
their model, which requires significant signal transmission into the
ice.
Polysomally protected viruses
Authors: Wilkinson Michael , Yllanes David , Huber Greg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is conceivable that an RNA virus could use a polysome, that is, a string of ribosomes covering the RNA strand, to protect the genetic material from degradation inside a host cell. This paper discusses how such a virus might operate, and how its presence might be detected by ribosome profiling. There are two possible forms for such a polysomally protected virus, depending upon whether just the forward strand or both the forward and complementary strands can be encased by ribosomes (these will be termed type 1 and type 2, respectively). It is argued that in the type 2 case the viral RNA would evolve an ambigrammatic property, whereby the viral genes are free of stop codons in a reverse reading frame (with forward and reverse codons aligned). Recent observations of ribosome profiles of ambigrammatic narnavirus sequences are consistent with our predictions for the type 2 case.
Exact solution of an anisotropic J
1–J
2 model with the Dzyloshinsky–Moriya interactions at boundaries
Authors: Cao Yusong , Wang Jian , Qiao Yi , Cao Junpeng , Yang Wen-Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a method to construct new quantum integrable models. As an example, we construct an integrable anisotropic quantum spin chain which includes the nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor and chiral three-spin couplings. It is shown that the boundary fields can enhance the anisotropy of the first and last bonds, and can induce the Dzyloshinsky–Moriya interactions along the z-direction at the boundaries. By using the algebraic Bethe ansatz, we obtain the exact solution of the system. The energy spectrum of the system and the associated Bethe ansatz equations are given explicitly. The method provided in this paper is universal and can be applied to constructing other exactly solvable models with certain interesting interactions.
Localization of nonlocal symmetries and interaction solutions of the Sawada–Kotera equation
Authors: Wu Jian-wen , Cai Yue-jin , Lin Ji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The nonlocal symmetry of the Sawada–Kotera (SK) equation is constructed with the known Lax pair. By introducing suitable and simple auxiliary variables, the nonlocal symmetry is localized and the finite transformation and some new solutions are obtained further. On the other hand, the group invariant solutions of the SK equation are constructed with the classic Lie group method. In particular, by a Galileo transformation some analytical soliton-cnoidal interaction solutions of a asymptotically integrable equation are discussed in graphical ways.
Measurement of Fall Rate and Analysis of Atmospheric Falling Dust in Duhok Governorate of Iraq by Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Mahdi Berivan H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in Duhok Governorate (DG) to study the mineralogical and chemical properties of atmospheric falling dust (AFD) and to measure the fall rate of AFD. AFD samples were collected at different locations and times by a funnel on the nozzle of a plastic bucket (pail) of dimensions (1 m2) on the veranda of the building, ∼3-4 m high the ground level. To compare between chemical properties of AFD and street dust that people are exposed to, the dust accumulated on car engine air-filters (CAFs) have been examined. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to study the chemical composition of the particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate mineralogical characterization. The result shows that the traffic emissions and increasing population density as anthropogenic sources, in addition to natural dust particles in Duhok governorate have been the main role in the dust fall rate. The results show that the monthly dust fall rate was recorded in Duhok (3.35 gm/m2.month). The higher average concentration value for heavy metal was (Cu=11.5 ppm). The study includes qualitative identification of clay minerals by X-ray diffraction data. Peak height was used as a rough indicator of the relative abundance of minerals. The major minerals observed in the AFD sample are Calcite (CaCO3), Quartz low, Silicon Oxide (SiO2), and Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Wind Speed: Case Study in Duhok City, Iraq
Authors: Mahdi Berivan H , Yousif Kamil M , Melhum Amera I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wind speed prediction is very critical for clean energy electricity generation, commitment decision-making, and wind farms planning strategy studies. It is also important for the wind energy industry to determine the characteristics of wind speed for site selection and to know the output of the wind turbine. A prediction of Daily Average Wind Speed (DAWS) for Duhok city, Iraq using Feed Forward (FF) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is investigated using weather records for Duhok city, Iraq. To build and train the suggested network, MATLAB software is used. The variables that used as inputs are a daily average of the Humidity (H), Pressure (P), Minimum Temperature (Tmin), Solar Radiation (SR), Maximum Temperature (Tmax), day (D) and month (M) to estimate DAWS. The suggested networks are analyzed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as statistical values. The proposed network forecasts accurate daily wind speed values based on the outcomes. This suggested method helps to predict the weather and to estimate the output strength of wind turbines.
Relative statistics of Metals in a Smoker’s Gallbladder Stones using X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to investigate the concentration of elements in gallbladder stones for smokers and non-smokers. Many elements have been detected in the non-smoker gallstone samples. The most important elements include calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb). However, significantly, concentrations of the most toxic elements have been found within the group of the smokers. The maximum concentrations of toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) were found in people older than 60 years. Furthermore, the minimum concentrations of the trace elements calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P) and sodium (Na) were detected in this age group. The relative statistics of Ca concentration in smokers’ and non-smokers’ were studied, and these groups were divided according to age. It was concluded that the maximum Ca concentration for non-smokers was found in the 20- to 40-year age group when compared with the other groups.
Investigation of Laser Direct Writing as a Novel Method of Permalloy Patterning
Authors: Alasadi Alaa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The abilities of laser direct writing have been explored on thin films of permalloy (Ni81Fe19) for range of film thicknesses with two types of substrates for creating micro-scale magnetic structures. The thin films of Permalloy were deposited on both silicon and glass substrates using thermal evaporator with ranging from 5 to 100 nm. The permalloy films were successively patterned using a laser system containing of a pico-second pulsed laser with an 800 ps pulse width and wavelength of 532 nm. A series of magnetic wires were patterned then characterised by Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect system and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The patterned magnetic wires showed good responses to an applied magnetic field. The corresponding coercivities of the patterned magnetic wires were affected by their observed quality. These results can improve the understanding of laser direct writing technique to fabricate the micromagnetic structures for future application as easy, low cost and high throughput technique.
Structural, Morphological, and Spectroscopical Properties of Fullerenes (C60) Thin Film Prepared via Electrospray Deposition
Authors: Alani Ban M A , Alalousi Mazin A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, fullerenes (C60) thin film was prepared via a novel combination of laser pulsed and electrospray methods using wasted batteries’ electrodes as precursor. The effect of the applied electric potential using electrospray process was investigated through the structural, morphological and optical analyses. These in turn were examined using x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques. In particular, using Williamson-Hall relation, the average crystallite size of the prepared nanoparticles was estimated in which it was found in the range of 41.46-111.84 nm. While sample treated with 5.6 kV of electric potential exhibited particle size of 6.35 nm using FESEM technique as compared to 7.4 nm for sample prepared under free potential. It is believed that the applied electric potential plays a vital role in reducing the particle size which in turn provides an alternative pathway for fabricating future optoelectronic design.
An In-vitro Study of Electrodes Impedance in Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Mohammed Ali Haider A , Abdullah Siham S , Faraj Moneer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The success of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy in movement disorders is highly reliant on the number of electric charges delivered to the brain through the implanted contact electrodes. A high electrode impedance will count the flow of these changes, affecting the clinical benefit of the treatment. DBS patients show impedance variation, and many of them lose therapeutic benefits after a while because of high impedance. The aim of study is to reveal the effect of long-term electric stimulation on the impedance of the electrical electrodes of DBS lead contacts in vitro. This study is conducted from March 2019 to November 2019 in the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics at the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University. The electric impedance of DBS electrodes is measured regularly for nine months in vitro. These measurements are conducted using two pairs of lead DBS electrodes: one inserted in normal saline impregnated with a carbidopa-levodopa pill and activated by a DBS electric pulses generator, and another pair as the control without stimulation. The recorded data shows an increase in the impedance of DBS electrodes over long-term electric stimulation and reversing the polarity of the stimulation may cause the impedance of the electrodes to decrease.
Preparation and Characterization of Mixed In2O3 –AgxO Nanostructure Thin Films on porous silicon as NH3 High Gas Sensor
Authors: Nayel Hajar H , AL-Jumaili Hamid S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mixed nanostructured thin films composed of In2O3 – AgxO, were synthesized on glass and porous silicon to produce NH3-gas sensor. The films’ structure of the sensor was analyzed by XRD and AFM. The results obtained that polycrystalline nanostructure thin films were prepared. The optical properties indicate that the transmission and the energy gap were decreased with the increase in AgxO ratio. The sensor conductivity changed from n-type for In2O3 up to 10 Vol% AgxO to p-type with mixed oxides. The synthesis gas sensor gives sensitivity toward 40 ppm NH3 gas at different temperatures (50, 100, 150 and 200) ˚C. The maximum sensitivity of mixed films on porous silicon for 15% AgxO ratio is 94.13% with a response time of 11.85 s and a recovery time of 20 s. Porous silicon improves the sensitivity of the prepared sensor by a factor of two with respect to the sensor over the glass. The good sensor properties of In2O3 – AgxO nanostructure mixed oxide at a low temperature indicated as highly efficient NH3 gas sensor.
Effect of the Exact Center of Mass Correction on the Longitudinal Form Factors for Neutron Rich 12,14,18N Isotopes
Authors: Raheem Sh K , Dakhil Z A , Hameed B S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The nuclear structure of the ground state for even 12,14,18N isotopes are studied within the shell model framework through the longitudinal elastic electron scattering. The generate wave functions from two-body interaction of Cohen and Kurath in the p-shell for 12,14N, and psdsu3 interaction for 18N nucleus. The exact value of the center of mass correction in the translation invariant shell model (TISM) are re-examined for longitudinal form factors. The contribution of a higher 2p-shell configuration resolves some discrepancies with the experiments for the form factors at q-values. The inclusion of the core polarization effects through an effective nucleon charge gives a reasonable agreement for the present results with available data. The occupancy percentage with respect to the valance nucleons is also calculated.
Investigating the Effect of ZnO on the Structural and Optical Properties of (MgO)1-x(ZnO)x via Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Hasan Bushra A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work concerned with effect of zinc oxide concentrating on the structural and optical properties of (MgO)1-x(ZnO)x thin films. (MgO)1-x(ZnO)x compounds were produced by mixing the two oxides powders accordance to the atomic ratios and compressed as pellets, these pellets were sintered in an oven at temperature1273K for five hours. Thin films from (MgO)1-x(ZnO)x compounds were obtained using pulsed laser deposition technique using Nd:YAG laser . The results of x-ray diffraction as well as UV-Visible- spectrophotometer measurements transmittance of (MgO)1-x(ZnO)x thin films were presented From the x-ray pattern it was observed reflection peaks (200) and (111) for cubic structure MgO and (100),(002) and (101) for ZnO wurtzite-phase reflections planes corresponding to the MgO cubic structure and ZnO wurtzite-phase while the prepared thin films with x content from 0 to 0.75 seemed to gather and rearranges their atoms until reveals some little peaks reveals at x=1.0 which give an indication to attend polycrystalline structure. The optical results declare a reducing of band gap i.e. red shift by the growth of ZnO incorporation in the prepared thin films.The data reveals that energy gap reduces from 4.0 eV to 3.20 eV . This affirms that the ablation of ZMO targets results in a tuneable band gap ZMO thin films. The calculated optical constants are greatly effected by ZnO incorporation in the prepared thin films.
Silicon Waveguide Analysis
Authors: Khalid Alani Abd-Alrahman , Fawaz Nabeil I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Maxwell’s equations are a basic formulation using for solve propagation equations within a waveguide. In this research, the wave propagation inside the waveguide was studied and some basic parameters of wave propagation were measured through MATLAB 2013. Silicon with a refractive index 3.46 was chosen to study this propagation and the use of core and cladding with a lower refractive index 2.46 and some parameters were extracted for the waveguide including propagation constant, cutoff wavenumber, cutoff frequency, cutoff thickness and normalized parameter. These parameters are studied at the wavelength 0.6 μm for transvers electric TE and transvers magnetic TM we changed the core thickness at wavelength constant and found that the number of modes increases as the increase of core thickness and the waveform is thinner in TM than it is in TE. We note from the measurements that the value of cutoff frequency and cutoff thickness are equal in the two types TE and TM. Moreover, when two modes (m=0, 1) and core thickness 0.24 μm the value of propagation constant in TE is equal (34.8901, 30.7737) while in TM (30.6440, 26.1967) respectively, we find that the values in TE are greater than TM. Also, the results obtained from Finite Difference Method were compared with the method used (Maxwell’s equation through wave equation solutions). This work represents a short pathway for the theoretical analysis concerning the electromagnetic waves propagating through Si planar waveguide with both modes (TE and TM) considered.
Sentiment analysis in higher education: a systematic mapping review
Authors: Baragash R , Aldowah H 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last years, sentiment analysis (SA) has attracted increasing interest in the text mining area. It increasingly becomes a popular research area for opinion mining in education that analyses and understands students’ opinions toward their institutions for improving the quality of decision-making. In this study, a systematic review was conducted to explore the recent application of sentiment analysis in higher education; to classify SA techniques and methods commonly and successfully used in the higher education domains. A systematic mapping review was applied to 840 articles, and 22 related studies are selected based on the study’s criteria. The findings revealed that the prior studies mainly focus on six domains for applying SA in the higher education context and the teaching quality evaluation was the most addressed domain. The study also found that applying specific SA techniques could be the best tool for institutions to solve particular learning problems and a useful tool for improving higher education institutions’ quality and evaluating the teaching process as well as teachers’ performance. This study’s main contribution is the new categorizations of the SA applications techniques in higher education to provide a closely full image of SA-related tools and areas.
SPEESH: speech-based mobile application for dysarthric speech recognition
Authors: Mohamad Nasir A B , Nasir N R M , Salleh F H M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are numerous automatic speech recognition applications available in market, but these applications are quite challenging to be used for individual with speech disability. Due to this demand, SPEESH, a speech recognition system is developed for individuals with dysarthria disorders. The main objective of this project is to study the requirement of proposed system and characteristics of individuals with dysarthria. Interview with speech therapists in Malaysia has been conducted on the phone to elicit the requirements for the system. Based on the interview, we acquired numerous common words that are used by dysarthric patients. These findings are crucial in designing the application to ease the user’s experience. The system consists of two phases on how it works; text dependent and text independent. First, in a text dependent phase, the system will learn to recognize specific words from the speaker and register them into database. In the next phase, speaker model will now consist characteristics of voice of the person and it can identify what one is saying. SPEESH application have been designed to be able to translate words from individuals with dysarthria or any speech disorders. All the functionalities and features are all developed in a way such that SPEESH will work as a communication platform between dysarthria individuals and their surroundings.
Smart Campus Implementation in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia: Towards a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Musa Masitah , Ismail Mohd Norasri , Fudzee Mohd Farhan Md 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Smart campus concepts have been implemented in many universities throughout the world in recent years. This concept aims to enhance campus-wide management as well as activities in a smart way. The smart campus is derived based on the smart cities concept where it converts the traditional campus into a smart campus. The implementation of the smart campus can provide multiple benefits for the campus community and the stakeholders. However, different stakeholders have different perspectives and needs toward smart campus implementation. This study describes the conceptual framework for the smart campus implementation in UTHM based on the synthesized literature review. From the literature, we find out that academic, research, student experience and services are the pillars that are suitable for smart campus implementation in UTHM. These pillars also matched with the top management role in UTHM. The result from the pilot study shows that the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient is 0.993. Thus, the proposed conceptual framework can be used to proceed further with this research.