bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of evidential values in discourse domains
Authors: Marín-Arrese Juana I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the variation of evidential values in oral conversation and written journalistic discourse in English and Spanish. The study focuses on indirect inferential and reportative values of evidentiality, and on the multifunctionality of a number of evidential expressions derived from the perceptual, conceptual and communicative experiential domains. The paper presents results of a contrastive corpus-based study on the expression of evidentiality, and on the multifunctionality of core evidential expressions (verbs and sentence adverbs). It is argued that variation in the use of particular values of evidentiality is sensitive to discourse domains and genres, and that multifunctionality would appear to favour expressions derived from the perceptual domain.
Exploring variation in translation with probabilistic language models
Authors: Karakanta Alina , Przybyl Heike , Teich Elke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While some authors have suggested that translationese fingerprints are universal, others have shown that there is a fair amount of variation among translations due to source language shining through, translation type or translation mode. In our work, we attempt to gain empirical insights into variation in translation, focusing here on translation mode (translation vs. interpreting). Our goal is to discover features of translationese and interpretese that distinguish translated and interpreted output from comparable original text/speech as well as from each other at different linguistic levels. We use relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler Divergence) and visualization with word clouds. Our analysis shows differences in typical words between originals vs. non-originals as well as between translation modes both at lexical and grammatical levels.
Study on montoring simulation of urban space Environmental Science grouting by transient electromagnetic field
Authors: Xiangpeng Wang , Jin Hu , Wei Liu , Xiang Zhang , Di Shen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grouting is one of the most effective methods to control underground space engineering disasters. It can effectively achieve a series of governance goals such as reinforcement of broken ground, reduction of settlement, and prevention and control of water and mud inrush. The form of the grouting process, the diversity of the grout, and the complexity of the stratum being injected are the key issues that restrict the development of grouting monitoring. Traditional grouting monitoring is mainly to control the grouting flow and pressure to achieve the grouting process and the state of grout diffusion. Routine testing The method can only perform spot inspection on the space or judge the overall space density, and it is difficult to monitor the spread of the slurry during the grouting process and the effective detection of the effect after the grouting. Based on the characteristics of transient electromagnetic sensitivity to low-resistance bodies, simple construction methods, and large detection depth, this paper uses theoretical analysis and numerical simulation as the main research methods to carry out forward simulation research on the diffusion process of grout in the formation. Through the establishment of numerical models for the different content of slurry in the middle layer of the same thickness layered formation, the possibility of using the electromagnetic field to explain the slurry diffusion in the grouting process is explored. Under ideal conditions, the transient electromagnetic response characteristics of the middle layer with different slurry conditions are analyzed. It is proved that the change of the field value of the transient electromagnetic secondary field before and after grouting can effectively judge the intrusion effect of the grout during the grouting process.
Correlation between water quality with prevalence of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) infested by ectoparasite protozoa in traditional ponds of Wonorejo, Surabaya
Authors: Luthfi M A , Subekti S , Mahasri G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research is intended to know the prevalence of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were infested with ectoparasites protozoa and correlation with water quality in traditional ponds Wonorejo Surabaya. The method of this research is survey method with simple random sampling at five different locations ponds. The main parameters observed was the prevalence of ectoparasites that infested black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The supporting parameters was observed water quality parameters included pH, temperature, DO, salinity, brightness and ammonia content. The results of research showed that the prevalence of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) infested by protozoa ectoparasite in traditional ponds subdistrict Wonorejo Surabaya was 16.67% included in the category often. Correlation was shown indicated in the parameters of temperature, ammonia content and turbidity, that the higher the temperature, the ammonia content and turbidity, the higher the prevalence of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) infested by protozoa ectoparasite. Correlation was shown in the parameters of dissolved oxygen and pH, that the lower the dissolved oxygen and pH the higher the prevalence of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) infested by protozoa ectoparasite. Parameter salinity did not show any correlation because the correlation coefficient of R = 0.064, less the correlation coefficient (R) of less than 0.2.
The correlation between temperature and intensity of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis on cantang grouper (E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) from traditional ponds in the Kampung Kerapu Lamongan East Java Indonesia
Authors: Afifah D D , Mahasri G , Satyantini W H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grouper fish (Epinephelus sp.) is one of the superior species in the development of marine culture in Indonesia. In the cultivation process, one important factor that must be considered is good water quality. Diseases that attack fish are caused by the interaction between environment, pathogen, and host. One of the pathogenic agents is parasites, and the ectoparasite that infects cantang grouper is Zeylanicobdella arugamensis. This study aims to determine the correlation between temperature and intensity of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis in cantang grouper. The method used in this research is a survey method by measuring pond temperature and calculating the intensity of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis from 50 samples of cantang grouper in cantang grouper at 4 ponds. The results that have been obtained are, temperature: 28°C (pond 1), 29°C (pond 2), 30°C (pond 3), and 31°C (pond 4). While the intensity of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis found were: 18,66 individu / fish (pond 1), 10,7 individu / fish (pond 2), 7,1 individu / fish (pond 3), and 4,6 individu / fish (pond 4). Results of the correlation analysis showed a very close relationship between temperature and the intensity of Zeylanicobdella arugamensis in cantang grouper with negative correlation coefficient value is r = −0.964 (p <0.05).
Review Calcium Alginate Beads as Immobilizing Matrix of Functional Cells: Extrusion Dripping Method, Characteristics, and Application
Authors: Damayanti A , Kumoro A C , Bahlawan Z A S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSodium alginate is the polymer matrix most commonly used for the immobilization of cells, enzymes, and microalgae for various purposes. One of the bead immobilization preparations is the droplet extrusion method in which CaCl2is the adsorbent. However, the use of CaCl2, which is a cross-linking agent, can increase alginate susceptibility. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the application of immobilized cells in the form of reused beads for the production of biohydrogen and bioethanol, as well as beads for removing heavy metals from wastewater, and removing potassium from vinasse. Meanwhile, the immobilized cells used were cow dung, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), andD. subspicatus. All reported applications have shown that the initial bead shape of the drip extrusion method was spherical. However, over time the alginate beads become eroded due to repeated use. Round beads occurred when using 2% alginate concentration and the performance was optimum compared to 1% and 2% of alginate concentrations even though the cross-linked concentrations varied.
Pretreatment of Tropical Lignocellulosic Biomass for Industrial Biofuel Production : A Review
Authors: Rahardjo A H , Azmi R M , Muharja M , Aparamarta H W , Widjaja A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As energy demand increase with human activities, the practical solution this far is to use more fossil-based energy to meet those demand. Diminishing fossil energy reserves that can cause crisis and also the increasing price of fossil energy are the main challenges for the world, and are a big problem for developing countries. Environmental factors, sustainability, and national resilience are the main considerations for replacing fossil energy with non-fossil alternative energy such as solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy and biomass or biofuel energy. Lignocellulosic biomass which is a waste from the agricultural industry, livestock industry waste, solid waste and other materials is the most abundant source of biomass that can be used to produce biofuels. In Indonesia, the most abundant sources are palm oil empty fruit bunches, corn stover, rice husks, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husk. Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass to be converted into energy requires pretreatment to change interactions between components found in plant cell walls. Pretreatment can remove physical and chemical barriers that make lignocellulosic material difficult to react and difficult to access by enzymes for the hydrolysis process. While the hydrolysis process is a vital stage in the biochemical process from lignocellulose to sugar-based energy conversion. By comparing several pretreatments based on glucose yield and other technical factors, it can be concluded that steam explosion is the best pretreatment by the reason of not requiring a small sizing on the biomass so that it is more energy efficient; not use chemicals; low water content causes energy saving; no degradation of cellulose and lignin so that sugar yields are higher and lignin can be recovered; and also the results of hemicellulose degradation can be separated by leaching and having economical value. The mechanism of the process that occurs in the steam explosion pretreatment is that high temperatures cause the release of acetyl groups on the hemicellulose structure which causes autohydrolysis to degrade hemicellulose; high temperatures cause steam to be acidic and degrade hemicellulose and hydrolyze some cellulose; sudden pressure drop causes redistribution of the lignin structure so that the lignin structure is not damaged and can be recovered; the loss of lignin and hemicellulose which blocks enzyme access to cellulose causes an increase in glucose yield during the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The steam explosion pretreatment method is not effective for hard biomass, but that raw material is more effectively processed using the alkaline method.
Study of the tungsten sputtering source suppression by wall conditionings in the EAST tokamak
Authors: WANG Junru , YU Yaowei , WANG Houyin , CAO Bin , HU Jiansheng , XU Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The steady fusion plasma operation is constrained by tungsten (W) material sputtering issue in the EAST tokamak. In this work, the suppression of W sputtering source has been studied by advanced wall conditionings. It is also concluded that the W sputtering yield becomes more with increasing carbon (C) content in the main deuterium (D) plasma. In EAST, the integrated use of discharge cleanings and lithium (Li) coating has positive effects on the suppression of W sputtering source. In the plasma recovery experiments, it is suggested that the W intensity is reduced by approximately 60% with the help of ∼35 h Ion Cyclotron Radio Frequency Discharge Cleaning (ICRF-DC) and ∼40 g Li coating after vacuum failure. The first wall covered by Li film could be relieved from the bombardment of energetic particles, and the impurity in the vessel would be removed through the particle induced desorption and isotope exchange during the discharge cleanings. In general, the sputtering yield of W would decrease from the source, on the bias of the improvement of wall condition and the mitigation of plasma-wall interaction process. It lays important base of the achievement of high-parameter and long-pulse plasma operation in EAST. The experiences also would be constructive for us to promote the understanding of relevant physics and basis towards the ITER-like condition.
ToxCodAn: a new toxin annotator and guide to venom gland transcriptomics
Authors: Nachtigall Pedro G , Rautsaw Rhett M , Ellsworth Schyler A , Mason Andrew J , Rokyta Darin R , Parkinson Christopher L , Junqueira-de-Azevedo Inácio L M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Next-generation sequencing has become exceedingly common and has transformed our ability to explore nonmodel systems. In particular, transcriptomics has facilitated the study of venom and evolution of toxins in venomous lineages; however, many challenges remain. Primarily, annotation of toxins in the transcriptome is a laborious and time-consuming task. Current annotation software often fails to predict the correct coding sequence and overestimates the number of toxins present in the transcriptome. Here, we present ToxCodAn, a python script designed to perform precise annotation of snake venom gland transcriptomes. We test ToxCodAn with a set of previously curated transcriptomes and compare the results to other annotators. In addition, we provide a guide for venom gland transcriptomics to facilitate future research and use Bothrops alternatus as a case study for ToxCodAn and our guide.

Results
Our analysis reveals that ToxCodAn provides precise annotation of toxins present in the transcriptome of venom glands of snakes. Comparison with other annotators demonstrates that ToxCodAn has better performance with regard to run time ($&gt;20x$ faster), coding sequence prediction ($&gt;3x$ more accurate) and the number of toxins predicted (generating $&gt;4x$ less false positives). In this sense, ToxCodAn is a valuable resource for toxin annotation. The ToxCodAn framework can be expanded in the future to work with other venomous lineages and detect novel toxins.
Improving feature selection performance for classification of gene expression data using Harris Hawks optimizer with variable neighborhood learning
Authors: Qu Chiwen , Zhang Lupeng , Li Jinlong , Deng Fang , Tang Yifan , Zeng Xiaomin , Peng Xiaoning 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gene expression profiling has played a significant role in the identification and classification of tumor molecules. In gene expression data, only a few feature genes are closely related to tumors. It is a challenging task to select highly discriminative feature genes, and existing methods fail to deal with this problem efficiently. This article proposes a novel metaheuristic approach for gene feature extraction, called variable neighborhood learning Harris Hawks optimizer (VNLHHO). First, the F-score is used for a primary selection of the genes in gene expression data to narrow down the selection range of the feature genes. Subsequently, a variable neighborhood learning strategy is constructed to balance the global exploration and local exploitation of the Harris Hawks optimization. Finally, mutation operations are employed to increase the diversity of the population, so as to prevent the algorithm from falling into a local optimum. In addition, a novel activation function is used to convert the continuous solution of the VNLHHO into binary values, and a naive Bayesian classifier is utilized as a fitness function to select feature genes that can help classify biological tissues of binary and multi-class cancers. An experiment is conducted on gene expression profile data of eight types of tumors. The results show that the classification accuracy of the VNLHHO is greater than 96.128% for tumors in the colon, nervous system and lungs and 100% for the rest. We compare seven other algorithms and demonstrate the superiority of the VNLHHO in terms of the classification accuracy, fitness value and AUC value in feature selection for gene expression data.
Pharmacoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation-based phytochemical screening of neem plant (Azadiractha indica) against human cancer by targeting MCM7 protein
Authors: Ahammad Foysal , Alam Rahat , Mahmud Rasel , Akhter Shahina , Talukder Enamul Kabir , Tonmoy Al Mahmud , Fahim Salman , Al-Ghamdi Khalid , Samad Abdus , Qadri Ishtiaq 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) belongs to the minichromosome maintenance family that is important for the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication. Overexpression of the MCM7 protein is relative to cellular proliferation and responsible for aggressive malignancy in various cancers. Mechanistically, inhibition of MCM7 significantly reduces the cellular proliferation associated with cancer. To date, no effective small molecular candidate has been identified that can block the progression of cancer induced by the MCM7 protein. Therefore, the study has been designed to identify small molecular-like natural drug candidates against aggressive malignancy associated with various cancers by targeting MCM7 protein. To identify potential compounds against the targeted protein a comprehensive in silico drug design including molecular docking, ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion), toxicity, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches has been applied. Seventy phytochemicals isolated from the neem tree (Azadiractha indica) were retrieved and screened against MCM7 protein by using the molecular docking simulation method, where the top four compounds have been chosen for further evaluation based on their binding affinities. Analysis of ADME and toxicity properties reveals the efficacy and safety of the selected four compounds. To validate the stability of the protein–ligand complex structure MD simulations approach has also been performed to the protein–ligand complex structure, which confirmed the stability of the selected three compounds including CAS ID:105377-74-0, CID:12308716 and CID:10505484 to the binding site of the protein. In the study, a comprehensive data screening process has performed based on the docking, ADMET properties, and MD simulation approaches, which found a good value of the selected four compounds against the targeted MCM7 protein and indicates as a promising and effective human anticancer agent.
The prognostic value of resting-state EEG in acute post-traumatic unresponsive states
Authors: O’Donnell Alice , Pauli Ruth , Banellis Leah , Sokoliuk Rodika , Hayton Tom , Sturman Steve , Veenith Tonny , Yakoub Kamal M , Belli Antonio , Chennu Srivas , Cruse Damian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate early prognostication is vital for appropriate long-term care decisions after traumatic brain injury. While measures of resting-state EEG oscillations and their network properties, derived from graph theory, have been shown to provide clinically useful information regarding diagnosis and recovery in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness, little is known about the value of these network measures when calculated from a standard clinical low-density EEG in the acute phase post-injury. To investigate this link, we first validated a set of measures of oscillatory network features between high-density and low-density resting-state EEG in healthy individuals, thus ensuring accurate estimation of underlying cortical function in clinical recordings from patients. Next, we investigated the relationship between these features and the clinical picture and outcome of a group of 18 patients in acute post-traumatic unresponsive states who were not following commands 2 days+ after sedation hold. While the complexity of the alpha network, as indexed by the standard deviation of the participation coefficients, was significantly related to the patients’ clinical picture at the time of EEG, no network features were significantly related to outcome at 3 or 6 months post-injury. Rather, mean relative alpha power across all electrodes improved the accuracy of outcome prediction at 3 months relative to clinical features alone. These results highlight the link between the alpha rhythm and clinical signs of consciousness and suggest the potential for simple measures of resting-state EEG band power to provide a coarse snapshot of brain health for stratification of patients for rehabilitation, therapy and assessments of both covert and overt cognition.
Outcomes of Passable and Non-passable Strictures in Clinical Trials of Crohn’s Disease: A Post-hoc Analysis
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C L , Dulai Parambir S , Marshall John K , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Reinisch Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
There is paucity of evidence on the reversibility of Crohn’s disease [CD]-related strictures treated with therapies. We aimed to describe the clinical and endoscopic outcomes of CD patients with non-passable strictures.

Methods
This was a post-hoc analysis of three large CD clinical trial programmes examining outcomes with infliximab, ustekinumab, and azathioprine, which included data on 576 patients including 105 with non-passable strictures and 45 with passable strictures, as measured using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease [SES-CD]. The impact of non-passable strictures on achieving clinical remission [CR] and endoscopic remission [ER] was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. CR was defined as a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] &lt;150, clinical response as a CDAI reduction of ≥100 points, and ER as SES-CD score &lt;3.

Results
After 1 year of treatment, patients with non-passable strictures demonstrated the ability to achieve passable or no strictures in 62.5% of cases, with 52.4% and 37.5% attaining CR and ER, respectively. However, patients with non-passable strictures at baseline were less likely to demonstrate symptom improvement compared with those with passable or no strictures, with reduced odds of 1-year CR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.99, p = 0.048). No significant differences were observed between patients with non-passable strictures at baseline and those with passable or no strictures in rates of ER [aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.23–2.85, p = 0.751] at 1 year.

Conclusions
Patients with non-passable strictures can achieve symptomatic and endoscopic remission when receiving therapies used to treat CD, although they are less likely to obtain CR compared with patients without non-passable strictures. These findings support the importance of balancing the presence of non-passable strictures in trial arms.