bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Noordin Noorliza , Tan Joon Liang , Chong Chee Kheong , Chem Yu Kie , Tajudin Norazimah , Abu Bakar Rehan Shuhada , Sengol Selvanesan , Phoon Hannah Yik Phing , Che Azid Nurul Aina Murni , W Mohd Arifin W Nur Afiza , Aziz Zirwatul Adilah , Hussin Hani , Ibrahim Nurul Syahida , Omar Aziyati , Ravi Ushananthiny , Kamarul Zaman Kamal Hisham , Yamin Mohd Asri , Ngeow Yun Fong 
Published: November 2021

Background
More than a year after its first appearance in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still on a rampage in many parts of the world. Although several vaccines have been approved for emergency use, the emergence and rapid spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants have sparked fears of vaccine failure due to immune evasion. Massive viral genome sequencing has been recommended to track the genetic changes that could lead to adverse consequences.

Methods
We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 respiratory isolates from the National Public Health Laboratory, Malaysia and examined them together with viral genomes deposited in GISAID by other Malaysian researchers, to understand the evolutionary trend of the virus circulating in the country. We studied the distribution of virus lineages and site-wise mutations, analysed genetic clustering with the goeBURST full Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm, examined the trend of viral nucleotide diversity over time and performed nucleotide substitution association analyses.

Results
We identified 22 sub-lineages, 13 clonal complexes, 178 sequence types and seven sites of linkage disequilibrium in 277 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced between January and December 2020. B.1.524 was the largest lineage group. The number of mutations per genome ranged from 0 to 19. The mean genomic diversity value over 12 months was 3.26 × 10−4. Of 359 mutations detected, 60.5% of which were non-synonymous, the most frequent were in the ORF1ab (P4715L), S (D614G and A701V) and N (S194L) genes.

Conclusion
The SARS-CoV-2 virus accumulated an abundance of mutations in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Its overall genetic diversity, however, is relatively low compared to other Asian countries with larger populations. Continuous genomic and epidemiological surveillance will help to clarify the evolutionary processes determining viral diversity and impacting on human health.
Critical thinking and embodied learning for a Puerto Rican student movement pedagogy
Authors: Gerónimo‐López Kamil , Tormos‐Aponte Fernando 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the experience of higher education student organizing in Puerto Rico. The national student strikes of 2010 and 2017 were the longest held in the history of the University of Puerto Rico, the island's only public institution for higher education. We examine the educational approach of the national student social movement using the concepts of critical thinking and embodied learning.
The education of youth and adults in Colombia from a popular feminist and gender perspective
Authors: Torres Rincón Sonia Mireya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article begins with the broad context of youth and adult education (YAE) in Colombia, and then discusses the place that educational demands occupy in the political plans of popular feminisms. The article ends with an analysis of the experiences of two community projects, which address YAE for women from the perspective of gender, feminisms, and popular education.
Combustion‐Assisted Photonic Sintering of Printed Liquid Metal Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Wallace Shay Goff , Bradshaw Nathan P. , Williams Nicholas X. , Qian Justin H. , Putz Karl W. , Tabor Christopher E. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiquid metals are ideally suited for flexible and wearable electronics due to their compatibility with additive manufacturing and high electrical conductivity that is maintained following mechanical perturbation. While printing of eutectic gallium–indium (eGaIn) liquid metal nanoparticles has been demonstrated, previous techniques for activating electrical conductivity in the as‐printed insulating eGaIn nanoparticles limit throughput in roll‐to‐roll manufacturing processes. Here, ultrafast photonic sintering of eGaIn nanoparticles is demonstrated, which is further enhanced through the use of nitrocellulose as a carrier polymer that undergoes optically triggered combustion to produce eGaIn thin films with electrical conductivities exceeding 104 S cm–1. This combustion‐assisted photonic sintering (CAPS) is two orders of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated noncontact sintering techniques. By circumventing the established tradeoff between electrical conductivity and activation speed, CAPS will facilitate the use of eGaIn liquid metal nanoparticles in high‐throughput additive manufacturing of flexible and wearable electronics, sensors, and related technologies.
Preparation and properties of a kind of high conductivity flexible wood with light switch characteristics
Authors: Duan Jiufang , Yang Na , Li Tong , Saiyu Yang , Zong Shiyu , Wen Hankang , Tang Ruilin , Liu Liujun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe manufacture and functionalization of transparent wood (TW) have recently attracted extensive interest. However, it is still a challenge to prepare flexible TW with high conductivity and optical switch. In this study, octadecyl methacrylic acid (ODMA) is used as optical switch. Sodium chloride and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were used to improve the conductivity. N, N‐bis (acrylamide) cysteamine (BACA) was used as a binder between AgNWs and wood. Acrylamide is used to impregnate delignified wood substrates and can polymerize with BACA. Then, poly (acrylamide co octadecyl methacrylate) (PAMODMA) wood with tunable transmittance, flexibility and high conductivity(resistance 1.2 Ω, conductivity 6364.8 s/m)was prepared after curing. The transmittance and phase transition temperature of PAMODMA wood can be adjusted by ODMA. After 350 cycles of bending, the resistance of wood has no significant change. PAMODMA wood has a broad application prospect in intelligent window, sensor, intelligent robot and other fields.
Squeeze flow in multilayer polymeric films: Effect of material characteristics and process conditions
Authors: Kanani Aghkand Zahra , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, effects of sealing temperature, time, pressure, as well as sealant thickness and viscosity on squeeze out flow (SOF) in heat sealing were examined. A new image analysis approach is presented to quantify SOF in heat sealing. It was found that increasing temperature or pressure could improve SOF but only in thick 130 μm sealants and reducing the sealant thickness to 50 μm suppressed SOF. Reducing viscosity in 50 μm sealant films was also found to improve SOF only at high‐sealing pressure and long sealing times. Three approaches were used to model SOF: analytical one‐dimensional model, numerical one‐dimensional model using finite difference method (FDM), (iii) Numerical two‐dimensional model using finite element analysis. Heat transfer was modeled, and it was shown that heat transfer induces a delay in SOF. When the FDM and the heat transfer models were combined, a good agreement between experimental and model prediction could be obtained. In addition, modeling results showed that SOF occurred in shear rates within the transition region between the Newtonian and Power‐law regions. This indicates the importance of considering the Carreau‐Yasuda fluid behavior in modeling of SOF.
A small radio galaxy at z = 4.026
Authors: Gabányi Krisztina É. , Frey Sándor , An Tao , Cao Hongmin , Paragi Zsolt , Gurvits Leonid I. , Zhang Yingkang , Sbarrato Tullia , Krezinger Máté , Perger Krisztina , Mezö György 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLess than 200 radio‐loud active galactic nuclei are known above redshift 4. Around 40 of them have been observed at milliarcsecond (mas) scale resolution with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique. Some of them are unresolved, compact, relativistically beamed objects, and blazars with jets pointing at small angles to the observer's line of sight. But there are also objects with no sign of relativistic beaming possibly having larger jet inclination angles. In a couple of cases, X‐ray observations indicate the presence of relativistic beaming contrary to the VLBI measurements made with the European VLBI Network. J1420+1205 is a prominent example, where our 30–100 mas‐scale enhanced multi element remotely linked interferometer network radio observations revealed a rich structure reminiscent of a small radio galaxy. It shows a bright hotspot that might be related to the denser interstellar medium around a young galaxy at an early cosmological epoch.
Improving Urban Water Resilience
Authors: Ferguson Christobel M. , Charles Katrina J. 
Published: November 2021

Key TakeawaysUrban water systems and public well‐being are threatened by factors that include aging infrastructure, population growth and density, and conditions related to climate change.Floods and droughts have been particularly hard on urban areas, with short‐ and long‐term effects running the gamut of environmental, human (physical and emotional), and economic devastation.Cities and organizations around the world are devising innovative ways to achieve water resilience; more can be done through targeted research to raise awareness and understanding.
Responses of 73 Ecologists Important in Developing the Foundations of Ecology: Summary of a 1952–59 and 1972 Survey
Authors: Forman Richard T. T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany of the early leading ecologists, especially Americans, were surveyed (primarily between 1952 and 1959) to learn what (1) initially inspired an ecological interest, (2) stimulated a major career direction in ecology, and (3) was one’s major career accomplishment. Patterns of responses from 73 ecologists, primarily in their own words using their own typewriters, are summarized. Yale, Duke, Illinois, Michigan, Oxford, and Wisconsin are the most frequent primary institutions of respondents, who were initially not only concentrated in the U.S. Midwest, but also working in the Northeast, South, West, and abroad. The initial ecological stimulus of survey respondents was most reported as plants, between ages 9 and 11, and a parent. Victor Shelford, Henry Cowles, Edgar Transeau, and Stanley Cain were most mentioned as catalysts of a career direction. Also, the opportunity to teach or work in a new place, or reading a key publication(s), often inspired a career direction. The many early ecologists most frequently knew or interacted with H. Cowles, M. Buell, F. Clements, V. Shelford, S. Cain, and H. Oosting. The most frequent major accomplishments or contributions reported by a leading ecologist were analysis of the ecology, vegetation, or flora of a particular area; elucidated ecosystem, productivity, and nutrients; produced a book(s); furthered understanding of natural communities or vegetation; analyzed succession or vegetation dynamics; and established or ran an administrative unit or natural reserve. These survey response patterns are complemented by a wide range of specific responses by individuals. Selected unusual observations and experiences provide insight into the leading ecologists as people. A perspective provides key insights into the survey, the earliest phase of ecology and its later maturation, and environmental/social conditions affecting early ecologists and ecology.
Ultrasensitive detection of UO22+ based on dopamine‐functionalized MoOx quantum dots
Authors: Zheng Zhi Jian , Zhang Li , Wang Li Zhi , Zhong Zu Qi , Xiong Yu Tian , Guo Jing , Zhang Zhi Bin , Cao Xiao Hong , Xiao Sai Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUranium is an important nuclear fuel and the risk of human exposure to uranium increases as increasing amounts of uranium‐containing waste enter the environment due to the rapid growth of nuclear power. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and portable uranium detection is a promising approach to effectively control and monitor uranium contamination. To achieve this goal, abundant oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups were introduced to molybdenum oxide quantum dot (MoOx QDs) surfaces with dopamine (DA) modification. Due to the excellent coordination ability of oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐containing groups with uranium, the obtained DA‐functionalized MoOx QDs (DA‐MoOx QDs) showed a strong binding affinity for uranium and sensitivity was increased nearly 1000‐fold compared with MoOx QDs alone. The limit of detection was 3.85 nM, which is higher than most of the reported nanomaterials. Moreover, the DA‐MoOx QD‐based method showed high selectivity and uranium could be clearly detected under masking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid even when the concentration of other metal ions was 100‐fold higher than that of uranium, showing a very promising method for uranium contamination control and monitoring.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐8 induces sorafenib resistance via binding with c‐Rel to mediate NF‐κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hong‐fu , Xie Yuan‐kang , Zhong Bai‐yin , Zhang Jian‐hong , Song Cai‐xin , Liu Yu‐wen , Yang Yan , Xie Bin‐hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSorafenib is the important first‐standard drug for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A major obstacle to successful treatment is sorafenib resistance. However, the mechanism of sorafenib resistance is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the involvement of dipeptidyl peptidase‐8 (DPP8) in sorafenib resistance. DPP8 expression was detected using quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. The effect of DPP8 on sorafenib resistance was examined using terminal deoxynulceotidyl transferase nick‐end‐labeling (TUNEL), colony formation, flow cytometry, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. We found that DPP8 mRNA and protein levels were dramatically upregulated in HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) illustrated that DPP8 might be involved in apoptosis regulation. Downregulation of DPP8 substantially promoted the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. Further analysis showed that DPP8 might regulate nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling, which was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of DPP8 decreased the expression levels of downstream genes of the NF‐κB pathway. IP showed that DPP8 can interact with NF‐κB subunit c‐Rel, an important protein of NF‐κB signaling. Finally, a drug combination of sorafenib and Val‐boroPro induced higher mortality of HCC cells than sorafenib alone in DPP8‐upregulated cells. Our findings indicated that using the inhibitor Val‐boroPro might be a promising method to enhance sorafenib sensitivity in advanced HCC.
Loss of Hsp67Bc leads to autolysosome enlargement in the Drosophila brain
Authors: Malkeyeva Dina , Kiseleva Elena , Fedorova Svetlana A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHsp67Bc is a small heat shock protein found in Drosophila melanogaster. Apart from performing a function (common for all small heat shock proteins) of preventing aggregation of misfolded proteins, it is involved in macroautophagy regulation alongside the Starvin protein. Overexpression of the D. melanogaster Hsp67Bc gene has been shown to stimulate macroautophagy in S2 cell culture. Nonetheless, it has been unknown how the absence of the Hsp67Bc gene may affect it. Here, we studied the effect of Hsp67Bc gene deletion on the macroautophagy induced by the pathogenic Wolbachia wMelPop strain in D. melanogaster. We detected Wolbachia inside autophagic vacuoles in fly neurons, thereby proving that these endosymbionts were being eliminated via macroautophagy. Nevertheless, we did not register any difference in brain bacterial load between Hsp67Bc‐null and control flies at all tested stages of ontogenesis. Moreover, the abundance of autophagic vacuoles was similar between neurons of the mutant and control flies, yet the cross‐sectional area of autolysosomes on ultrathin sections was more than 1.5‐fold larger in Hsp67Bc‐null fly brains than in the control line. Our findings suggest that the product of the Hsp67Bc gene does not participate in the initiation of endosymbiont‐induced macroautophagy but may mediate autophagosome maturation: the deletion of the Hsp67Bc gene leads to the increase in autolysosome size.
Development of Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Ambient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Yanchao , Yan Liting , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmmonia is an important chemical and a potential carbon‐free hydrogen‐storage material. Currently, the industrial synthesis of ammonia is mainly achieved via the Haber‐Bosch method, which requires high energy, temperatures, and pressures. An alternative method involves the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which uses an aqueous solution as a medium and requires mild reaction conditions. The key to the NRR is to select an appropriate catalyst to increase the ammonia yield and Faradic efficiency. With their diverse structures and easy regulation, carbon‐based materials can provide abundant active sites for nitrogen absorption and excitation. Moreover, they are abundant, low cost, and readily available, making them promising for use in NRR applications. Accordingly, we review the latest progress in using carbon‐based materials in the NRR, and the future development prospects of NRR catalysts are discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the future research of NRR catalysts are provided.
Functional differences in echolocation call design in an adaptive radiation of bats
Authors: Leiser‐Miller Leith B. , Santana Sharlene E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAll organisms have specialized systems to sense their environment. Most bat species use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but which and how ecological factors shaped echolocation call diversity remains unclear for the most diverse clades, including the adaptive radiation of neotropical leaf‐nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). This is because phyllostomids emit low‐intensity echolocation calls and many inhabit dense forests, leading to low representation in acoustic surveys. We present a field‐collected, echolocation call dataset spanning 35 species and all phyllostomid dietary guilds. We analyze these data under a phylogenetic framework to test the hypothesis that echolocation call design and parameters are specialized for the acoustic demands of different diets, and investigate the contributions of phylogeny and body size to echolocation call diversity. We further link call parameters to dietary ecology by contrasting minimum detectable prey size estimates (MDPSE) across species. We find phylogeny and body size explain a substantial proportion of echolocation call parameter diversity, but most species can be correctly assigned to taxonomic (61%) or functional (77%) dietary guilds based on call parameters. This suggests a degree of acoustic ecological specialization, albeit with interspecific similarities in call structure. Theoretical MDPSE are greatest for omnivores and smallest for insectivores. Omnivores significantly differ from other dietary guilds in MDPSE when phylogeny is not considered, but there are no differences among taxonomic dietary guilds within a phylogenetic context. Similarly, predators of non‐mobile/non‐evasive prey and predators of mobile/evasive prey differ in estimated MDPSE when phylogeny is not considered. Phyllostomid echolocation call structure may be primarily specialized for overcoming acoustic challenges of foraging in dense habitats, and then secondarily specialized for the detection of food items according to functional dietary guilds. Our results give insight into the possible ecological mechanisms shaping the diversity of sensory systems, and their reciprocal influence on resource use.
Inflammatory cytokines associated with outcomes in orthopedic trauma patients independent of New Injury Severity score: A pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Aneja Arun , Landy David C. , Mittwede Peter N. , Albano Ashley Y. , Teasdall Robert J. , Isla Alexander , Kavolus Matthew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraumatic injury is the leading cause of mortality in patients under 50. It is associated with a complex inflammatory response involving hormonal, immunologic, and metabolic mediators. The marked elevation of cytokines and inflammatory mediators subsequently correlates with the development of posttraumatic complications. The aim was to determine whether elevated cytokine levels provide a predictive value for orthopedic trauma patients. A prospective cohort study of patients with New Injury Severity Score (NISS) > 5 was undertaken. IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and migration inhibitory factor levels were measured within 24‐h of presentation. Demographic covariates and clinical outcomes were obtained from the medical records. Fifty‐eight patients (83% male, 40 years) were included. Addition of IL‐6 to baseline models significantly improved prediction of pulmonary complication (LR = 6.21, p = 0.01), ICU (change in R2 = 0.31, p < 0.01), and hospital length of stay (change in R2 = 0.16, p < 0.01). The addition of IL‐8 significantly improved the prediction of acute kidney injury (LR = 9.15, p < 0.01). The addition of postinjury IL‐6 level to baseline New Injury Severity Score model is better able to predict the occurrence of pulmonary complications as well as prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay.
Induction FOLFIRINOX for patients with locally unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: McIntyre Caitlin A. , Cohen Noah A. , Goldman Debra A. , Gonen Mithat , Sadot Eran , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Varghese Anna M. , Yu Kenneth H. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Soares Kevin C. , D'Angelica Michael I. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Kingham T. P. , Allen Peter J. , Wei Alice C. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) receive induction chemotherapy with or without radiation, with the goal of R0 resection and improving survival. Herein, we evaluate the outcomes of patients who presented with Stage III PDAC and received induction FOLFIRINOX.MethodsAn institutional database was queried for consecutive patients who received induction FOLFIRINOX for locally unresectable PDAC between 2010 and 2016. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed pre‐ and posttreatment, and clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThere were 200 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The median number of cycles of FOLFIRINOX was 8, 70% (n = 140) received radiation, and 18% (n = 36) underwent resection. Median overall survival (OS) in resected patients was 36 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24–56), and this group had improved OS compared to patients that did not undergo resection (hazard ratio (95% CI): 0.41 (0.26–0.64), p < 0.001). Patients (n = 112) who did not progress on induction therapy but remained unresectable had a median OS of 23.9 months (95% CI: 21.1–25.4).ConclusionNearly 20% of patients with locally advanced PDAC responded sufficiently to induction FOLFIRINOX to undergo resection, which was associated with improved OS compared to patients that did not undergo resection. Patients with stable disease who remain unresectable represent a group of patients with locally advanced PDAC who may benefit from optimization of additional nonoperative treatment.