bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of random forest model as decision support tool in water resources management of Ogun headwater catchments
Authors: Aiyelokun O. O. , Agbede O. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater resources cannot be effectively managed unless potential evapotranspiration is determined with high accuracy at headwater catchments. The study presents the most suitable feature combinations for building a reliable potential evapotranspiration (PET) model in the headwater catchments of Ogun River Basin, Southwest Nigeria. Using rainfall (R), wind speed (U2), sunshine hour (S), relative humidity (Rh), minimum temperature (Tmin) and maximum temperature (Tmax) as input features, a Random Forest (RF) model was developed to predict PET. Although the model yielded satisfactory results, it was subjected to the minimal depth and percentage increase in mean square error (%IncMSE). This was done to reduce the input features and to increase model accuracy. Thereafter various combinations of important input features were examined in order to establish the best combinations required to yield optimum results. The study revealed that althoughTmax (%IncMSE of 652.09,pvalue < 0.05) and Rh (%IncMSE of 254.36,pvalue < 0.05) were the most important predictors of PET, a more reliable RF model was achieved whenSandU2were combined with them. Consequently, this study presents RF with a combination of four parameters (Tmax, Rh,SandU2) as an excellent computational technique for the prediction of PET in headwater catchments.
Green synthesis of magnetic α–Fe2O3 nanospheres using Bridelia retusa leaf extract for Fenton-like degradation of crystal violet dye
Authors: Selvaraj Raja , Pai Shraddha , Murugesan Gokulakrishnan , Pandey Sadanand , Bhole Ruchi , Gonsalves Delicia , Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan , Vinayagam Ramesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reach of nanotechnology has permeated into a range of disciplines and systematically revolutionized many manufacturing techniques. Today, nanoparticles are fabricated using varied approaches, each with its pros and cons. Of them, the green synthesis approach has been very effective in terms of overall economics and the stability of nanoparticles. The current study investigates the use of the leaf extract of Bridelia retusa for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. Typical of these nanoparticles, no specific peak was discernible on employing UV–visible spectroscopy. The size, morphological features, and crystallinity of the nanoparticles were determined by employing scanning electron microscopy and electron diffraction spectroscopy. Almost uniformly sized at 38.58 nm, the nanoparticles were spherical, constituting elemental iron at 11.5% and elemental oxygen at 59%. Their relative composition confirmed the nanoparticles to be iron oxide. X-ray diffraction studies showed the particles to be hexagonal and rhombohedral, estimating the crystallite size at 24.27 nm. BET analysis put the pore volume at 0.1198 cm3/g and pore diameter at 7.92 nm. The unique feature of the nanoparticles was that the specific surface area was 75.19 m2/g, which is more than 12 times higher than commercial α-Fe2O3. The participation of a variety of biochemicals in the leaf extract towards the reduction-cum-stabilization was confirmed using FTIR analysis. The Fenton-like catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was put to test by attempting to degrade crystal violet dye, which was completely achieved in 270 min. The kinetics of the degradation was also modelled in the study.
SFM Clinical Practice Recommendations for Prenatal Invasive Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Batra Meenu , Sharma K. Aparna , Singh Chanchal , Devadasan Shyama , Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Praveen T. L. N. , Khurana Ashok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiagnostic prenatal invasive testing currently forms an integral and extremely significant component of the practice of obstetric care and has a twofold purpose. The primary aim is to offer management options and informed decision making to pregnant women and their companions. The secondary aim is to ensure that every fetus has an optimal outcome. Currently, most professional societies offer guidelines on prenatal invasive testing based on specific indications. Society of Fetal Medicine (SFM) clinical practice recommendations are developed for use by all practitioners of fetal and maternal healthcare. They are intended to facilitate a reasonable standard of care by the entire medical community. Practitioners are encouraged to go beyond these standards in relevant clinical situations. This document has been drafted after extensive inputs and discussions by practitioners and experts, followed by a consensus.
Effects of first-line diabetes therapy with biguanides, sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones on the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of islet cell populations
Authors: Sarnobat D. , Moffett R. C. , Flatt P. R. , Tarasov A. I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims
Metformin, rosiglitazone and sulfonylureas enhance either insulin action or secretion and thus have been used extensively as early stage anti-diabetic medication, independently of the aetiology of the disease. When administered to newly diagnosed diabetes patients, these drugs produce variable results. Here, we examined the effects of the three early stage oral hypoglycaemic agents in mice with diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin, focusing specifically on the developmental biology of pancreatic islets.

Methods
Streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice expressing a fluorescent reporter specifically in pancreatic islet α-cells were administered the biguanide metformin (100 mg/kg), thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg), or sulfonylurea tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) for 10 days. We assessed the impact of the treatment on metabolic status of the animals as well as on the morphology, proliferative potential and transdifferentiation of pancreatic islet cells, using immunofluorescence.

Results
The effect of the therapy on the islet cells varied depending on the drug and included enhanced pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, in case of metformin and rosiglitazone; de-differentiation of α-cells and β-cell apoptosis with tolbutamide; increased relative number of β-cells and bi-hormonal insulin + glucagon + cells with metformin. These effects were accompanied by normalisation of food and fluid intake with only minor effects on glycaemia at the low doses of the agents employed.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that metformin and rosiglitazone attenuate the depletion of the β-cell pool in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes, whereas tolbutamide exacerbates the β-cell apoptosis, but is likely to protect β-cells from chronic hyperglycaemia by directly elevating insulin secretion.
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity study of Co and Ni ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Pancotti Alexandre , Santos Dener Pereira , Morais Dielly Oliveira , de Barros Souza Mauro Vinícius , Lima Débora R. , Scalla Vulcani Valcinir Aloisío , Martins Alessandro , Landers Richard , Braoios Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) which are widely used in the biomedical area. There is still limited knowledge how the properties of these materials are influenced by different chemical routes. In this work, we investigated the effect of heat treatment over cytotoxicity of cobalt and niquel ferrites NPs synthesized by sol-gel method. Then the samples were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The average crystallite sizes of the particles were found to be in the range of 20–35 nm. The hemocompatibility (erythrocytes and leukocytes) was checked. Cytotoxicity results were similar to those of the control test sample, therefore suggesting hemocompatibility of the tested materials.
Exceptionally preserved hyolithids from the middle Cambrian of North China
Authors: Sun Haijing , Sun Zhixin , Zhao Fangchen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHyoliths are extinct enigmatic organisms of early lophotrochozoan affinity known globally from the Palaeozoic Era and were especially diverse and abundant in the Cambrian Period. However, the commonly incomplete preservation of hyolith exoskeletons and our limited knowledge of their soft anatomy makes their ecological and biological aspects unclear. Konservat-Lagerstätte are crucial windows to unlock the mysteries of hyoliths. Here we report a new occurrence of exceptionally preserved hyolithid hyoliths from the middle Cambrian Mantou Formation (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) in Shandong Province, North China. The preserved soft organs of the new species Novakotheca weifangensis sp. nov. include a U-shaped gut and possible pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and digestive gland, which provide significant new information for the reconstruction of the digestive system of hyolithids. Two taphonomic modes of hyoliths described herein are recognized: soft tissue preservation through pyritization and three-dimensional shell preservation through phosphatization. Morphological variations due to different preservational pathways in the same species are revealed, highlighting the taphonomic bias on taxonomy. The ecological association between hyoliths and small brachiopod epibionts is a direct example of species interactions, providing insights into the ecological structures and adaptability of early animals during Cambrian time.
Exploring the diet and physical activity behaviours of adolescents living in India and sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hardy-Johnson Polly , Dhuria Preeti , Strommer Sofia , Weller Susie , Barker Mary , Fall Caroline HD 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To carry out a qualitative evidence synthesis to explore what influences the diet and physical activity of adolescents living in five countries that constitute the Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition (TALENT) consortium (Cote D’Ivoire, Ethiopia, India, South Africa and The Gambia).Design:A search of electronic databases was conducted for qualitative articles published between 2000 and 2019.Participants:Studies that explore influences on the diets and physical activity habits of adolescents aged 10–19 years.Results:Of the twelve included studies, none were identified from The Gambia or Cote D’Ivoire. The existing qualitative literature focussed on three major areas in relation to adolescents’ diet and physical activity: (1) the influence of body image and self-esteem; (2) social and environmental influences and (3) poverty. The limited existing literature focusses heavily on girls’ experiences particularly in relation to body image and dysfunctional eating practices.Conclusions:In-depth research exploring adolescents’ perceptions of diet and physical activity is needed to better understand how both boys and girls, at different stages of adolescence, perceive health, diet and physical activity. More research with young people is required especially in countries where little exists to cover a wider range of issues that play a role in diet and physical activity.
Theoretical inversion of the fossil hydrothermal systems with oxygen isotopes of constituent minerals partially re-equilibrated with externally infiltrated fluids
Authors: WEI Chun-Sheng , ZHAO Zi-Fu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWhile the external infiltration of water has been identified from modern geothermal and/or fossil hydrothermal systems through stable isotopes, the physicochemical boundary conditions like the initial oxygen isotopes of water $( {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } ) $ and rock as well as alteration temperature were implicitly presumed or empirically estimated by the conventional forward modelling. In terms of a novel procedure proposed to deal with partial re-equilibration of oxygen isotopes between constituent minerals and water, the externally infiltrated meteoric and magmatic water are theoretically inverted from the early Cretaceous post-collisional granitoid and intruded Triassic gneissic country rock across the Dabie orogen in central-eastern China. The meteoric water with a $ {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } $ value of −11.01 ‰ was externally infiltrated with a granitoid and thermodynamically re-equilibrated with rock-forming minerals at 140°C with a minimum water/rock (W/R)o ratio around 1.10 for an open system. The lifetime of this meteoric hydrothermal system is kinetically constrained less than 0.7 million years (Myr) via modelling of surface reaction oxygen exchange. A gneissic country rock, however, was externally infiltrated by a magmatic water with $ {{\rm \delta }^{ 18}{\rm O}_{\rm W}^{\rm i} } $ value of 4.21 ‰ at 340°C with a (W/R)o ratio of 1.23, and this magmatic hydrothermal system could last no more than 12 thousand years (Kyr) to rapidly re-equilibrate with rock-forming minerals. Nevertheless, the external infiltration of water can be theoretically inverted with oxygen isotopes of re-equilibrated rock-forming minerals, and the ancient hydrothermal systems driven by magmatism or metamorphism within continental orogens worldwide can be reliably quantified.
Particle‐In‐Cell Simulations of Electrostatic Solitary Waves in Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Chang Cong , Huang Kai , Lu Quanming , Sang Longlong , Lu San , Wang Rongsheng , Gao Xinliang , Wang Shui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are ubiquitously observed in magnetic reconnection. In this study, two‐dimensional (2‐D) particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations are performed to investigate the characteristics of ESWs in asymmetric magnetic reconnection. ESWs with bipolar structures of the parallel electric field can be generated near the separatrices only on the magnetosphere side, and propagate to reconnection downstream direction along the magnetic field. These structures corresponding to electron phase‐space holes (electron holes) can cross both the electron outflow and inflow channels although their main part is located in the electron outflow. When there is no guide field, the ESWs are generated by electron two‐stream instability. When there is a guide field, the amplitude of the ESWs are different on the right and left side of the X line. On the left side, the ESWs are weaker and generated by the electron two‐stream instability. On the right side, the ESWs are stronger, and there are two kinds of ESWs with distinct phase speed. The faster one is generated by electron two‐stream instability, while the slower one is generated by Buneman instability.
Evolution of IMF By Induced Asymmetries: The Role of Tail Reconnection
Authors: Ohma A. , Østgaard N. , Laundal K. M. , Reistad J. P. , Hatch S. M. , Tenfjord P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNorth‐south asymmetries arise in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system when a significant east‐west (By) component is present in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). During such conditions, a By component with the same sign as the IMF By component is induced in the magnetosphere, and the locations of conjugate magnetic footpoints are displaced between the two hemispheres. It has been suggested that these asymmetries are introduced into the closed magnetosphere by tail reconnection. However, recent studies instead suggest that asymmetric lobe pressure induces the asymmetries, which are then reduced during periods of enhanced tail reconnection. To address this, we use the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) model and initiate a loading‐unloading cycle in multiple runs by changing the IMF. Asymmetries are induced during the loading phase and reduced during the unloading phase. The model results thus suggest that asymmetries arise during periods with low tail reconnection and are reduced during periods with enhanced tail reconnection.
Thermal Conductivity of the Martian Soil at the InSight Landing Site From HP3 Active Heating Experiments
Authors: Grott M. , Spohn T. , Knollenberg J. , Krause C. , Hudson T. L. , Piqueux S. , Müller N. , Golombek M. , Vrettos C. , Marteau E. , Nagihara S. , Morgan P. , Murphy J. P. , Siegler M. , King S. D. , Smrekar S. E. , Banerdt W. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe heat flow and physical properties package (HP3) of the InSight Mars mission is an instrument package designed to determine the martian planetary heat flow. To this end, the package was designed to emplace sensors into the martian subsurface and measure the thermal conductivity as well as the geothermal gradient in the 0–5 m depth range. After emplacing the probe to a tip depth of 0.37 m, a first reliable measurement of the average soil thermal conductivity in the 0.03–0.37 m depth range was performed. Using the HP3 mole as a modified line heat source, we determined a soil thermal conductivity of 0.039 ± 0.002 W m−1 K−1, consistent with the results of orbital and in‐situ thermal inertia estimates. This low thermal conductivity implies that 85%–95% of all particles are smaller than 104–173 μm and suggests that soil cementation is minimal, contrary to the considerable degree of cementation suggested by image data. Rather, cementing agents like salts could be distributed in the form of grain coatings instead. Soil densities compatible with the measurements are kg m−3, indicating soil porosities of %.
Prolonged Rock Exhumation at the Rims of Kilometer‐Scale Lunar Craters
Authors: Nypaver Cole A. , Thomson Bradley J. , Fassett Caleb I. , Rivera‐Valentín Edgard G. , Patterson Gerald W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFresh impact ejecta deposits on the lunar surface can be characterized as heterogeneous mixtures of boulders, cobbles, and fine‐grained regolith that are deposited on the lunar surface during the impact crater formation process. Over time, the surface boulders associated with ejecta deposits break down into fine‐grained regolith due to a combination of later impacts and thermal fatigue. Nonetheless, observations of old (>2.0 Ga) kilometer‐scale (0.8–2.0 km) lunar impact craters in high‐resolution images reveal >1 m boulders along their rims and in their near‐proximal ejecta deposits on the lunar maria. Here, we use a combination of radar and thermal‐infrared data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft to show that the rims of kilometer‐sized impact craters exhibit elevated rock abundances for the lifetime of the lunar maria. We interpret these results as indicating that boulders are continually being uncovered at crater rims due to downslope movement of the overlying regolith. Moreover, rocks found at crater rims that have been exhumed from depth in geologically recent times are locally derived and unlikely to have come from other areas of the Moon. Future collection of lunar samples at crater rims will serve to mitigate the potential for sample contamination from distal sources, helping to ensure accurate geologic interpretations from the collected samples.
Integrated genomic-metabolic classification of acute myeloid leukemia defines a subgroup with NPM1 and cohesin/DNA damage mutations
Authors: Simonetti Giorgia , Mengucci Carlo , Padella Antonella , Fonzi Eugenio , Picone Gianfranco , Delpino Claudio , Nanni Jacopo , De Tommaso Rossella , Franchini Eugenia , Papayannidis Cristina , Marconi Giovanni , Pazzaglia Martina , Perricone Margherita , Scarpi Emanuela , Fontana Maria Chiara , Bruno Samantha , Tebaldi Michela , Ferrari Anna , Bochicchio Maria Teresa , Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà Andrea , Ghetti Martina , Napolitano Roberta , Astolfi Annalisa , Baldazzi Carmen , Guadagnuolo Viviana , Ottaviani Emanuela , Iacobucci Ilaria , Cavo Michele , Castellani Gastone , Haferlach Torsten , Remondini Daniel , Capozzi Francesco , Martinelli Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough targeting of cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), metabolic dependencies are largely unexplored. We aimed to classify AML patients based on their metabolic landscape and map connections between metabolic and genomic profiles. Combined serum and urine metabolomics improved AML characterization compared with individual biofluid analysis. At intracellular level, AML displayed dysregulated amino acid, nucleotide, lipid, and bioenergetic metabolism. The integration of intracellular and biofluid metabolomics provided a map of alterations in the metabolism of polyamine, purine, keton bodies and polyunsaturated fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The intracellular metabolome distinguished three AML clusters, correlating with distinct genomic profiles: NPM1-mutated(mut), chromatin/spliceosome-mut and TP53-mut/aneuploid AML that were confirmed by biofluid analysis. Interestingly, integrated genomic-metabolic profiles defined two subgroups of NPM1-mut AML. One was enriched for mutations in cohesin/DNA damage-related genes (NPM1/cohesin-mut AML) and showed increased serum choline + trimethylamine-N-oxide and leucine, higher mutation load, transcriptomic signatures of reduced inflammatory status and better ex-vivo response to EGFR and MET inhibition. The transcriptional differences of enzyme-encoding genes between NPM1/cohesin-mut and NPM1-mut allowed in silico modeling of intracellular metabolic perturbations. This approach predicted alterations in NAD and purine metabolism in NPM1/cohesin-mut AML that suggest potential vulnerabilities, worthy of being therapeutically explored.
Puma, noxa, p53, and p63 differentially mediate stress pathway induced apoptosis
Authors: Wang Jun , Thomas Holly R. , Li Zhang , Yeo Nan Cher , Scott Hannah E. , Dang Nghi , Hossain Mohammed Iqbal , Andrabi Shaida A. , Parant John M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCellular stress can lead to several human disease pathologies due to aberrant cell death. The p53 family (tp53, tp63, and tp73) and downstream transcriptional apoptotic target genes (PUMA/BBC3 and NOXA/PMAIP1) have been implicated as mediators of stress signals. To evaluate the importance of key stress response components in vivo, we have generated zebrafish null alleles in puma, noxa, p53, p63, and p73. Utilizing these genetic mutants, we have deciphered that the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress requires p53 and puma, but not p63, p73, or noxa. We also identified a delayed secondary wave of genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis that is p53/puma independent. Contrary to genotoxic stress, ER stress-induced apoptosis requires p63 and puma, but not p53, p73, or noxa. Lastly, the oxidative stress-induced apoptotic response requires p63, and both noxa and puma. Our data also indicate that while the neural tube is poised for apoptosis due to genotoxic stress, the epidermis is poised for apoptosis due to ER and oxidative stress. These data indicate there are convergent as well as unique molecular pathways involved in the different stress responses. The commonality of puma in these stress pathways, and the lack of gross or tumorigenic phenotypes with puma loss suggest that a inhibitor of Puma may have therapeutic application. In addition, we have also generated a knockout of the negative regulator of p53, mdm2 to further evaluate the p53-induced apoptosis. Our data indicate that the p53 null allele completely rescues the mdm2 null lethality, while the puma null completely rescues the mdm2 null apoptosis but only partially rescues the phenotype. Indicating Puma is the key mediator of p53-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly the p53 homozygous null zebrafish develop tumors faster than the previously described p53 homozygous missense mutant zebrafish, suggesting the missense allele may be hypomorphic allele.