bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New characterizations of multivariate Max-domain of attraction and D-Norms
Authors: Falk Michael , Fuller Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we derive new results on multivariate extremes and D-norms. In particular we establish new characterizations of the multivariate max-domain of attraction property. The limit distribution of certain multivariate exceedances above high thresholds is derived, and the distribution of that generator of a D-norm on ${\mathbb R}^{d}$

ℝ

d

, whose components sum up to d, is obtained. Finally we introduce exchangeable D-norms and show that the set of exchangeable D-norms is a simplex.
The clinical features of polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP) and recommendations for patient management
Authors: Palles Claire , Martin Lynn , Domingo Enric , Chegwidden Laura , McGuire Josh , Cuthill Vicky , Heitzer Ellen ,   The CORGI Consortium, Kerr Rachel , Kerr David , Kearsey Stephen , Clark Susan K. , Tomlinson Ian , Latchford Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPathogenic germline exonuclease domain (ED) variants of POLE and POLD1 cause the Mendelian dominant condition polymerase proof-reading associated polyposis (PPAP). We aimed to describe the clinical features of all PPAP patients with probably pathogenic variants. We identified patients with a variants mapping to the EDs of POLE or POLD1 from cancer genetics clinics, a colorectal cancer (CRC) clinical trial, and systematic review of the literature. We used multiple evidence sources to separate ED variants into those with strong evidence of pathogenicity and those of uncertain importance. We performed quantitative analysis of the risk of CRC, colorectal adenomas, endometrial cancer or any cancer in the former group. 132 individuals carried a probably pathogenic ED variant (105 POLE, 27 POLD1). The earliest malignancy was colorectal cancer at 14. The most common tumour types were colorectal, followed by endometrial in POLD1 heterozygotes and duodenal in POLE heterozygotes. POLD1-mutant cases were at a significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer than POLE heterozygotes. Five individuals with a POLE pathogenic variant, but none with a POLD1 pathogenic variant, developed ovarian cancer. Nine patients with POLE pathogenic variants and one with a POLD1 pathogenic variant developed brain tumours. Our data provide important evidence for PPAP management. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended from age 14 and upper-gastrointestinal surveillance from age 25. The management of other tumour risks remains uncertain, but surveillance should be considered. In the absence of strong genotype–phenotype associations, these recommendations should apply to all PPAP patients.
Punishing Mothers for Men’s Violence: Failure to Protect Legislation and the Criminalisation of Abused Women
Authors: Singh Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article explores the gender dynamics of ‘causing or allowing a child to die’, contrary to the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004, section 5. This offence was intended to allow for prosecution where a child had been killed and it was uncertain who had killed him/her, but also to allow for prosecution of non-violent defendants who failed to protect him/her. More women than men have been charged and convicted of this offence signifying a reversal of usual patterns of prosecution and conviction. This analysis interrogates how section 5 criminalises women who have experienced domestic abuse. Drawing on a case observation, reported cases and media reports of cases, I suggest this offence derives from and perpetuates patriarchal constructs of motherhood. Grounded in a feminist approach building on women’s concrete experiences of law, I conclude that section 5 should be amended so that it is only used where it cannot be ascertained which defendant actively harmed a child.
Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in myopic children with 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology, or their combination
Authors: Hao Qian , Zhao Qi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) in myopic children treated with 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology (OK), or their combination in myopic children, and to study the connection between increase in SFChT and axial length (AL) elongation.

Methods
This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 67 children were included; 22 patients were randomly assigned to the SA group (patients with spectacles and 0.01% atropine), 24 patients were randomly assigned to the OK group (OK), and 21 patients were randomly assigned to the OKA group (OK and 0.01% atropine). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were performed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results
After 1 month, SFChT increased by 5.41 ± 1.65 μm in the SA group, 17.46 ± 2.79 μm in the OK group, and 20.19 ± 2.18 μm in the OKA group (P = 0.00), whereas AL was not significantly increased. After 12 months, the changes of SFChT were not increased significantly compared with that at 1 month; AL increased by 0.20 ± 0.03 mm in the SA group, 0.28 ± 0.03 mm in the OK group, and 0.14 ± 0.03 mm in the OKA group (P = 0.00). The change in SFChT at 12 month was negatively correlated with the change in AL at 12 months.

Conclusion
The control of AL elongation was better in SA group than OK group. The increase in SFChT was best in OKA group, followed by OK group, and the changes were significant after only 1 month. In addition, the increase in SFChT may influence AL elongation and myopia progression.
Equity in the Police Districting Problem: Balancing Territorial and Racial Fairness in Patrolling Operations
Authors: Liberatore Federico , Camacho-Collados Miguel , Quijano-Sánchez Lara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The Police Districting Problem concerns the definition of patrol districts that distribute police resources in a territory in such a way that high-risk areas receive more patrolling time than low-risk areas, according to a principle of territorial fairness. This results in patrolling configurations that are efficient and effective at controlling crime but that, at the same time, might exacerbate racial disparity in police stops and arrests. In this paper, an Equitable Police Districting Problem that combines crime-reduction effectiveness with racial fairness is proposed. The capability of this model in designing patrolling configurations that find a balance between territorial and racial fairness is assessed. Also, the trade-off between these two criteria is analyzed.

Methods
The Equitable Police Districting Problem is defined as a mixed-integer program. The objective function is formulated using Compromise Programming and Goal Programming. The model is validated on a real-world case study on the Central District of Madrid, Spain, and its solutions are compared to standard patrolling configurations currently used by the police.

Results
A trade-off between racial fairness and crime control is detected. However, the experiments show that including the proposed racial criterion in the optimization of patrol districts greatly improves racial fairness with limited detriment to the policing effectiveness. Also, the model produces solutions that dominate the patrolling configurations currently in use by the police.

Conclusions
The results show that the model successfully provides a quantitative evaluation of the trade-off between the criteria and is capable of defining patrolling configurations that are efficient in terms of both racial and territorial fairness.
Universality for Persistence Exponents of Local Times of Self-Similar Processes with Stationary Increments
Authors: Mönch Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show that $$\mathbb {P}( \ell _X(0,T] \le 1)=(c_X+o(1))T^{-(1-H)}$$

P

(

ℓ
X

(
0
,
T
]

≤
1
)

=

(

c
X

+
o

(
1
)

)

T

-
(
1
-
H
)

, where $$\ell _X$$

ℓ
X

is the local time measure at 0 of any recurrent H-self-similar real-valued process X with stationary increments that admits a sufficiently regular local time and $$c_X$$

c
X

is some constant depending only on X. A special case is the Gaussian setting, i.e. when the underlying process is fractional Brownian motion, in which our result settles a conjecture by Molchan [Commun. Math. Phys. 205, 97-111 (1999)] who obtained the upper bound $$1-H$$

1
-
H

on the decay exponent of $$\mathbb {P}( \ell _X(0,T] \le 1)$$

P
(

ℓ
X

(
0
,
T
]

≤
1
)

. Our approach establishes a new connection between persistence probabilities and Palm theory for self-similar random measures, thereby providing a general framework which extends far beyond the Gaussian case.
In Need of the Devil’s Advocate? The Impact of Cross-Cutting Exposure on Political Discussion
Authors: Schneider Frank M. , Weinmann Carina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCross-cutting exposure (i.e., the exposure to dissonant views) is a central component of political discussion among citizens. Although political discussion is a crucial form of political engagement and a well-known source of dissonance, little is known about the impact of cross-cuttingness (vs. like-mindedness; CCLM) elicited by media news on political discussion. In the present pre-registered online experiment (N = 725), news stories were manipulated to induce CCLM and investigate its positive effect on political discussion via a specific path: deliberative thinking and the repertoire of arguments. Although no total effect of CCLM on participating in a political discussion (operationalized as discussion intent) was found, a structural equation model showed specific indirect positive effects via our hypothesized paths. Our study therefore lends support to the positive democratic implication of cross-cutting exposure. Data and material are publicly available via https://osf.io/cpnzy/.
On k-partitions of multisets with equal sums
Authors: Andrica Dorin , Bagdasar Ovidiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the number of ordered k-partitions of a multiset with equal sums, having elements $$\alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _n$$

α
1

,
…
,

α
n

and multiplicities $$m_1,\ldots ,m_n$$

m
1

,
…
,

m
n

. Denoting this number by $$S_k(\alpha _1, \ldots , \alpha _n; m_1, \ldots , m_n)$$

S
k

(

α
1

,
…
,

α
n

;

m
1

,
…
,

m
n

)

, we find the generating function, derive an integral formula, and illustrate the results by numerical examples. The special case involving the set $$\{1,\dots ,n\}$$

{
1
,
⋯
,
n
}

presents particular interest and leads to the new integer sequences $$S_k(n)$$

S
k

(
n
)

, $$Q_k(n)$$

Q
k

(
n
)

, and $$R_k(n)$$

R
k

(
n
)

, for which we provide explicit formulae and combinatorial interpretations. Conjectures in connection to some superelliptic Diophantine equations and an asymptotic formula are also discussed. The results extend previous work concerning 2- and 3-partitions of multisets.
New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Stasiak Magdalena , Lewiński Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few years have brought many clinically significant new data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of SAT. Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were demonstrated not only to increase the risk of SAT, but also to correlate with SAT clinical course and determine the risk of recurrence. The world-wide epidemic of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has provided new observations that the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be a potent SAT-triggering factor, and that the clinical course of SAT in patients affected by COVID-19 is different from a typical one. Additionally, many new trends in the clinical course are emerging. In the last years, painless course of SAT is more and more often described, constituting a special challenge in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Despite an excellent availability of diagnostic methods, several difficulties in SAT differential diagnosis can be currently encountered and the proper diagnosis and treatment is frequently delayed. False positive diagnoses of SAT in patients with malignancies of poor prognosis constitute a life-threatening problem. Taking into account all the new aspects of SAT pathogenesis and of its clinical course, the new – modified – SAT diagnosis criteria have been proposed.
COVID Health Structure Index: The Vulnerability of Brazilian Microregions
Authors: Ferraz Diogo , Mariano Enzo Barberio , Manzine Patricia Regina , Moralles Herick Fernando , Morceiro Paulo César , Torres Bruno Guimarães , de Almeida Mariana Rodrigues , Soares de Mello João Carlos , Rebelatto Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany developing countries have highly unequal health systems across their regions. The pandemic of COVID-19 brought an additional challenge, as hospital structures equipped with doctors, intensive care units and respirators are not available to a sufficient extent in all regions. Using Data Envelopment Analysis, we create a COVID Index to verify whether the hospital structures in 543 Brazilian microregions are adequate to deal with COVID-19 and to verify whether public policies were implemented in the right direction. The results indicate that hospital structures in the poorest microregions were the most vulnerable, although the peak of COVID-19 occurred in the richest microregions (Sao Paulo). The Southeast states could relocate hospital resources or even patients between their regions. The relocation was not possible in many states in the Northeast, as the health system poorly assisted the interior of these states. These findings reveal that the heterogeneity of microregions’ hospital structures follows the patterns of socioeconomic inequalities. We conclude that it is easier for the wealthier regions to reallocate hospital resources internally than for the poorest regions. By using the COVID Index, policymakers and hospital managers have straightforward information to decide which regions must receive new investments and reallocate underutilized resources.
How Family Policy Context Shapes Mental Wellbeing of Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Nordenmark Mikael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost studies show that parents have a lower level of wellbeing than non-parents. An interesting question is if this is true in different contexts, such for instance different family policy contexts. Although there are common family policy goals for all member states of the European Union there are still major differences between states regarding the implementation and contents of various family policy measures. The aim of the article is to study the importance of family policy context and gender for the negative influence of having children on mental wellbeing. Data is derived from an extensive cross-country data set named European Social Survey Program (ESS). Family policy context is measured through the different family policies contexts that each state represents, resulting in a Nordic cluster (representing an extensive family policy context) and two clusters, the conservative and liberal, representing less extensive family policy contexts. Results in general show that the level of mental wellbeing is lower among people with children living at home than among people with no children at home. However, separate analyses of the family policy contexts indicate that this difference between those with and without children only exists in the conservative and liberal family policy contexts. Further, separate analyses of women and men in different family policy contexts show that the negative association between the occurrence of children and mental wellbeing exist only among women in conservative and liberal contexts. This indicates that the family policy context is of importance for mother’s mental wellbeing but not for father’s.
Kinetics of Azanone (HNO) Reactions with Thiols: Effect of pH
Authors: Smulik-Izydorczyk Renata , Dębowska Karolina , Rostkowski Michał , Adamus Jan , Michalski Radosław , Sikora Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHNO (nitroxyl, IUPAC name azanone) is an electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of growing pharmacological and biological significance. Here, we present data on the pH-dependent kinetics of azanone reactions with the low molecular thiols glutathione and N-acetylcysteine, as well as with important serum proteins: bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. The competition kinetics method used is based on two parallel HNO reactions: with RSH/RS− or with O2. The results provide evidence that the reaction of azanone with the anionic form of thiols (RS−) is favored over reactions with the protonated form (RSH). The data are supported with quantum mechanical calculations. A comprehensive discussion of the HNO reaction with thiolates is provided.
Mindful Construal Reflections: Reducing Unhealthier Eating Choices
Authors: Hussain Misba , Egan Helen , Keyte Rebecca , Mantzios Michail 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Regularly choosing unhealthy energy-dense foods can have negative health consequences. The present study tested whether a mindful eating–specific tool, namely Mindful Construal Reflection (MCR), would promote healthier eating behaviors.

Methods
Eighty-five university students were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness or control condition and were served M&Ms and grapes as an unhealthy and healthy option respectively.

Results
Participants in the mindfulness condition consumed significantly less M&Ms than those in the control condition, but no significant differences were found in the consumption of grapes between the two conditions. Furthermore, control participants ate significantly more M&Ms when displaying some hunger compared to those presenting no hunger, and although participants in the mindfulness condition also ate more when displaying some hunger, this did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
Together, these results suggest that the MCR may be effective in reducing consumption of unhealthy energy-dense foods. However, future research is warranted in developing the MCR to encourage consumption of healthier food options.
Shaping national plans and strategies for rare diseases in Europe: past, present, and future
Authors: Hedley Victoria , Bottarelli Valentina , Weinman Ariane , Taruscio Domenica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAddressing the many challenges posed by rare diseases to patients, families, and society at large demands a specific national (as well as transnational) focus. Historically, the practice of elaborating and adopting national plans and strategies for rare diseases, following a request from the European Commission in 2009, has been an essential means of ensuring this focus, with 25 European Member States having adopted a plan or strategy at some stage. However, from the vantage point of late 2020, there are signs that momentum and commitment to the development, implementation, and renewal of national plans is waning, in some cases. In this article, we examine the status quo and explore the trend for national plans and strategies to expire without clear commitments or timelines for replacement. We also examine the factors and institutions which supported the initial drive towards the adoption of national plans and strategies in Europe and consider the very different climate in which the next generation of national policies may—or may not—be shaped.
A Critical Review of the IUCN UK Peatland Programme’s “Burning and Peatlands” Position Statement
Authors: Ashby✉ Mark Andrew , Heinemeyer Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite substantial contrary evidence, there has been a growing tendency to present prescribed vegetation burning as a management practice that is always damaging to peatland ecosystems in the UK. This is exemplified by the “Burning and Peatlands” position statement published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature UK Peatland Programme. Indeed, while we strongly agree with several of the statements made within this position statement, it also contains a series of unverified assertions and misleading arguments that seemingly serve to simplify the narrative and paint prescribed burning as a wholly damaging peatland management tool. Given that this position statement is published by one of the UK’s most prominent peatland conservation organisations, it is likely to be consulted when debating upland land use policy. Therefore, for the benefit of policymakers, we provide a point-by-point critical review of the “Burning and Peatlands” position statement. We also discuss several further points for researchers and policymakers to consider that are consistently ignored by those attempting to simplify the narrative about prescribed burning. Our aim in producing this discussion paper is to encourage the research and policy community to move towards an evidence-based position about prescribed burning impacts on UK peatlands.
Smoking Cigarettes, Marijuana, and the Transition to Marriage among Cohabiters in the USA
Authors: Roghani Ali , Nyarko Samuel H. , Potter Lloyd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany studies have established that married people have lower rates of smoking than singles and cohabiters. However, there is still limited research showing whether this advantage also applies specifically to cohabiters before marriage. Hence, this study examines the association between cigarette and marijuana smoking and the transition to marriage among cohabiters in the USA. This study employs data from seventeen waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Discrete-time logistic regression models are used to test whether lower rates of cigarette and marijuana smoking among cohabiters are associated with the transition to marriage. Results indicate that lower levels of marijuana and cigarette smoking are associated with the transition to marriage among male and female cohabiters. Not smoking cigarettes and marijuana is associated with a significantly higher odds of transition to marriage for both sexes. The findings show that smoking status may play a significant role in the odds of getting married during cohabitation. Pro-marital policies can focus on addressing smoking habits among cohabiters.
A Protocol for Carotid Artery Stenting in COVID Times. A Single Canadian Centre Experience
Authors: Kiwan Ruba , Jukes Alistair , Mayich Michael , Boulton Melfort , Sharma Manas , Pelz David , Pandey Sachin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:Objectives:The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in huge disruption to healthcare delivery worldwide. There is a need to balance the urgent needs of the neurovascular patient population with the desire to preserve critical inpatient hospital capacity. It is incumbent on neurointerventionalists to advocate for their patients to minimise future disability. Patients still require semiurgent carotid revascularisation after ischaemic embolic events. We present a review of a novel protocol for expediting patient flow through the carotid stenting process, in accordance with government directives to minimise nonessential inpatient admissions, ensure its efficacy, and evaluate its safety. We also evaluate the literature regarding complications with attention to the timing of these related to the procedure.Methods:A retrospective review of 45 consecutive carotid stenting cases performed at London Health Sciences Centre between March 2020 and March 2021 for symptomatic extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis utilising a default same-day discharge policy was performed. Complications were plotted as a function of time.Results:Twenty-four patients underwent carotid artery stenting with same-day discharge and 21 patients underwent stenting with an overnight inpatient stay. A single stent occlusion occurred 27 h post stenting.Conclusion:Simple modification of protocol for symptomatic carotid artery stenting during the COVID-19 outbreak with radial access as first approach appears to provide safe, efficacious care.