bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of delivery and blood pressure cut‐off in chronic hypertension during pregnancy: State of art and new proposals
Authors: Sisti Giovanni , Schiattarella Antonio , Morlando Maddalena , Corwin Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePregnant women with chronic hypertension are recommended to deliver at 36–396/7 weeks. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association in 2017 lowered the blood pressure cut‐off for stage I hypertension to 130/80 mm Hg.MethodsWe performed a literature review on studies comparing elective induction of labor versus expectant management in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. In addition, we reviewed fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with blood pressure of 120–139/80–89 or 130–139/80–89 mm Hg.ResultsWe found two randomized clinical trials and one retrospective observational study comparing elective delivery of pregnant women with chronic hypertension versus expectant management. The randomized trials favored expectant management and the observational study favored induction of labor. We found 15 retrospective cohort studies analyzing maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with blood pressure cut‐off lower than 140/90 mm Hg. There was a consistent finding of increased risk of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, and small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate.ConclusionRandomized clinical trials are needed to assess the appropriate timing of delivery for women with stage I hypertension with a blood pressure cut‐off of 130/80 mm Hg.
Low‐dimensional perovskite materials and their optoelectronics
Authors: Zhu Tao , Gong Xiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials possess great potential applications for approaching efficient optoelectronics due to the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials and cost‐effective manufacturing possibilities of optoelectronics. However, the scientific and technical challenges of 3D perovskite materials were their inferior long‐term stability, which hampered their practical applications. The low‐dimensional perovskite materials composed of alternating organic and inorganic layers are one of the most credible paths toward stable perovskite photovoltaics and optoelectronics. In this short review, we first present a discussion of the crystal structure and nontrivial optoelectronic properties of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. The synthetic methods for the preparation of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites are reviewed. After that, we focus on the recent development of perovskite photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers by the low‐dimensional halide perovskites. Finally, we outline the challenges of the low‐dimensional halide perovskites and their applications.image
Infinite families of 2‐designs derived from affine‐invariant codes
Authors: Liu Yan , Cao Xiwang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we first study a general type of affine‐invariant codes and their support 2‐designs. Then we derive infinite families of 2‐designs from a special class of affine‐invariant codes and obtain their parameters by determining the weight distribution of the linear codes.
A multiple case study of an interorganizational collaboration: Exploring the first year of an industry partnership focused on middle school engineering education
Authors: Gillen Andrew L. , Grohs Jacob R. , Matusovich Holly M. , Kirk Gary R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCalls to improve learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and particularly engineering, present significant challenges for school systems. Partnerships among engineering industry, universities, and school systems to support learning appear promising, but current work is limited in its conclusions because it lacks a strong connection to theoretical work in interorganizational collaboration.Purpose/HypothesisThis study aims to reflect more critically on the process of how organizations build relationships to address the following research question: In a public–private partnership to integrate engineering into middle school science curriculum, how do stakeholder characterizations of the collaborative process align with existing frameworks of interorganizational collaboration?Design/MethodThis qualitative, embedded multiple case study considered in‐depth pre‐ and post‐year interviews with teachers, administrators, industry, and university personnel during the first year of the Partnering with Educators and Engineers in Rural Schools (PEERS) program. Transcripts were analyzed using a framework of interorganizational collaboration operationalized for our context.ResultsResults provide insights into stakeholder perceptions of collaborative processes in the first year of the PEERS program across dimensions of collaboration. These dimensions mapped to three central discussion points with relevance for school–university–industry partnerships: school collaboration as an emergent and negotiated process, tension in collaborating across organizations, and fair share in collaborating toward a social goal.ConclusionsTaking a macro‐level look at the collaborative processes involved enabled us to develop implications for collaborative stakeholders to be intentional about designing for future success. By systematically applying a framework of collaboration and capitalizing on the rich situational findings possible through a qualitative approach, we shift our understanding of collaborative processes in school–university–industry partnerships for engineering education and contribute to the development of collaboration theory.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in the era of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: A prospective comparative analysis in preoperative evaluation of benign biliary stricture
Authors: Kurdia Kailash C , Irrinki Santhosh , Siddharth Bharath , Gupta Vikas , Lal Anupam , Yadav Thakur D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAccurate anatomical delineation is the key before definitive repair for benign biliary stricture (BBS). The role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) as a road map is less studied in the era of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).MethodsA prospective observational study, performed between July 2012 and December 2013. All patients of post‐cholecystectomy BBS were evaluated with MRCP and PTC prior to definitive repair. Findings of MRCP and PTC were compared with intraoperative details.ResultsThirty patients with BBS were included in the study. MRCP was performed in all but PTC was amenable in 28 of 30 (93.3%) patients. PTC was comparable to MRCP in diagnosing stricture type (96.4% vs 89.3%), intrahepatic stones (75% vs 75%), and biliary anomalies (95.6% vs 100%). Additionally, PTC revealed internal biliary fistula in 4 (85.7% vs 61.4%; P value 0.04). PTC‐related minor complications were noted in 2 (7.1%) patients.ConclusionPTC is comparable to MRCP in diagnosing the stricture type, intrahepatic biliary stones, and biliary anomalies. Though comparable to MRCP, the authors could not reveal any additional information that could change the course of management in BBS.
Gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of a7 ions containing a glutamine residue
Authors: Atik Ahmet , Arslanoglu Alper , Yalcin Talat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of the a7 ions derived from glutamine (Q) containing model heptapeptides have been studied in detail with low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Specifically, the positional effect of the Q residue has been investigated on the fragmentation reactions of a7 ions. The study involves two sets of permuted isomers of the Q containing model heptapeptides. The first set contains the QAAAAAA sequence, and the second set involves of QYAGFLV sequence, where the position of the Q residue is changed from N‐ to C‐terminal gradually for both peptide series. An intense loss of ammonia from the a7 ions followed by internal amino acid eliminations strongly supports forming the imine‐amides structure via cyclization/rearrangement reaction for all studied a7 ions. This is in agreement with the pioneering study reported by Bythell et al. (2010, 10.1021/ja101556g). A novel rearrangement reaction is detected upon fragmentation of imine‐amide structure, which yields a protonated C‐terminal amidated hexapeptide excluding the Q residue. A possible fragmentation mechanism was proposed to form the protonated C‐terminal amidated hexapeptide, assisted via nucleophilic attack of the side chain amide nitrogen of the Q residue on its N‐protonated imine carbon atom of the rearranged imine‐amide structure.Highlights

The gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of a7 ions obtained from protonated model peptides containing glutamine residue were studied by ESI‐MS/MS.
A rearranged imine‐amide structure is the predominant even for a7 ions.
Novel rearrangement reaction is observed which forms a protonated C‐terminal amidated hexapeptide excluding Q residue upon fragmentation of the imine‐amide structure.
Overcoming bit loss mechanism in self‐amplified multilevel silicon‐oxide‐nitride‐oxide‐silicon memory cell
Authors: Bohara Pooja , Vishvakarma Santosh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work reports on the triple‐level NAND flash cell realized from self‐amplified (SA) double gate (DG) tunneling‐based silicon‐oxide‐nitride‐oxide‐silicon (T‐SONOS) memory device. Through calibrated simulations, we show that capacitive coupling between the front gate and back gate can be used to store eight states (or 3 bits), that is, from “000” to “111,” in a T‐SONOS memory device with the readable difference between each level at lower programming voltages. The performance of the multilevel T‐SONOS cell is compared with the inversion mode SONOS (I‐SONOS) multilevel cell. Results highlight that gate length (Lg) scaling from 100 to 25 nm significantly deteriorates the threshold voltage associated with the lower states in the I‐SONOS multilevel cell. However, highly stable eight states can be achieved in a multi‐level T‐SONOS cell at Lg = 25 nm. The results highlight the potential of SA T‐SONOS cell for designing multilevel memory cell arrays.
Revisiting the dynamic risk profile of cardiovascular/non‐cardiovascular multimorbidity in incident atrial fibrillation patients and five cardiovascular/non‐cardiovascular outcomes: A machine‐learning approach
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Tran George , Genaidy Ash , Marroquin Patricia , Estes Cara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) usually have a heterogeneous co‐morbid history, with dynamic changes in risk factors impacting on multiple adverse outcomes. We investigated a large prospective cohort of patients with multimorbidity, using a machine‐learning approach, accounting for the dynamic nature of comorbidity risks and incident AF.MethodsUsing machine‐learning, we studied a prospective US cohort using medical/pharmacy databases of 1 091 911 patients, with an incident AF cohort of 14 078 and non‐AF cohort of 1 077 833 enrolled in the 4‐year study. Five incident clinical outcomes (heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, and cognitive impairment) were examined in relationship to AF status (AF vs non‐AF), diverse multi‐morbid (conditions and medications) history, and demographic parameters (age and gender), with supervised machine‐learning techniques.ResultsComplex inter‐relationships of various comorbidities were uncovered for AF cases, leading to 6‐fold higher risk of heart failure relative to the non‐AF cohort (OR 6.02, 95% CI 5.72‐6.33), followed by myocardial infarction (OR=2.68), stroke (OR=2.19), and major bleeding (OR=1.36). Supervised machine learning algorithms on the original populations yielded comparable results for both neural network and logistic regression algorithms in terms of discriminant validity, with c‐indexes for incident adverse outcomes: heart failure (0.924, 95%CI 0.923‐0.925), stroke (0.871, 95%CI 0.869‐0.873), myocardial infarction (0.901, 95% CI 0.899‐0.903), major bleeding (0.700, 95%CI 0.697‐0.703), and cognitive impairment (0.919, 95% CI 0.9170.921). External calibration of all models demonstrated a good fit between the predicted probabilities and observed events. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the obtained models were much more clinically useful than the “treat all” strategy.ConclusionsComplex multimorbidity relationships uncovered using a machine learning approach for incident AF cases have major consequences for integrated care management, with implications for risk stratification and adverse clinical outcomes. This approach may facilitate automated approaches in the presence of multimorbidity, potentially helping decision making.
Graphene edge method for three‐dimensional probing of Raman microscopes focal volumes
Authors: Sacco Alessio , Portesi Chiara , Giovannozzi Andrea Mario , Rossi Andrea Mario 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, a layer of graphene was used as a standard material for the measurement of the dimensions of Raman microscopes focal volumes of different confocal Raman spectrometers equipped with different objectives and excitation laser wavelengths. This method consists in probing the volume near the focal point of the system by using a flat graphene monolayer sheet with a straight edge. Graphene was selected because of its high Raman cross section and mechanically and chemically stability, allowing fast measurements and easy manipulation. In this paper, a method to employ graphene to accurately and precisely measure the three dimensions of the focal volume of a Raman microscope is presented; scanning along the axial and lateral directions, it is possible to reconstruct the three dimensions of the focal volume. Furthermore, these operations can be combined in a single procedure which allows the measurement of projections of the volume on planes parallel to the optical axis. Knowledge of these parameters enable absolute quantification of Raman‐active molecules and support high‐resolution Raman imaging.
Anionic and Cationic Surfactant Synergism: Minimizing Precipitation, Microemulsion Formation, and Enhanced Solubilization and Surface Modification
Authors: Phaodee Parichat , Sabatini David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnionic–cationic surfactant mixtures are known to exhibit synergistic effects (e.g., low critical micelle concentration, ultralow interfacial tension, middle phase microemulsion formulation, and increased solubilization and adsolubilization). However, the anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures are also prone to form other unique phases such as precipitates, gels, and coacervates in place of middle‐phase microemulsions. Research summarized in this article demonstrates that asymmetric anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures have been shown to promote middle‐phase microemulsions instead of these other phases, albeit with a slight decrease in synergism when using these asymmetric mixtures. The use of anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures also is shown to enhance or decrease surfactant adsorption depending on anionic–cationic surfactant ratios. Middle‐phase microemulsion formation is demonstrated using anionic‐rich or cationic‐rich alcohol‐free microemulsions by anionic–cationic ratio scans while also reducing or eliminating electrolyte requirement. Solubilization and adsolubilization are shown to increase for mixed anionic–cationic surfactant systems, especially for hydrophobic solutes. Thus, by exploiting these synergisms while avoiding phase separation, properly designed anionic–cationic surfactant mixtures can be advantageous for a wide range of applications.
A 0.37‐in. 5900PPI liquid crystal on silicon CMOS SoC using low voltage high dynamic voltage range novel pixel circuit for augmented reality micro‐displays
Authors: Jeong Minsu , Kim Eunsu , Hong Ook , Kim Chulwoo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new pixel circuit and a driving circuit are proposed for high‐resolution field sequential color driven liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) micro‐displays. The proposed pixel circuit is based on data storage with global charge transfer, whose reference node is controlled to increase the LC node voltage and to decrease the response time. Pixel LC reference node voltage modulation is adopted to reduce the pixel size and the driving circuit operation voltage by half. This allows the pixel display to be operated with an overdrive scheme, at low‐voltages and a wide dynamic range. As a result, the pixel driving circuits and the pixel circuit achieve low‐color crosstalk, and both power consumption and area are greatly reduced. To verify proper operation of the proposed pixel circuit, a 0.37‐in. 360‐Hz field refresh rate full‐HD video resolution 5900PPI 4.3‐μm pixel pitch backplane is implemented in 0.11‐μm CMOS technology using 1.5‐ and 6‐V supplies for logic and pixel driving, respectively. Measurement results demonstrate that the LC voltage dynamic range and the maximum brightness are increased by as much as 1.4 V and 39.7%, respectively. The response time is also reduced by approximately 30% owing to the proposed unique overdriving scheme.
Clinical Characteristics, Classification, and Management of Adult Nasopharyngolaryngeal Hemangioma
Authors: Shen Zhe , Zhang Diekuo , Li Guo , Huang Donghai , Qiu Yuanzheng , Xie Changning , Zhang Xin , Wang Xingwei , Liu Yong 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the clinical features, classification, and treatment of adult nasopharyngolaryngeal hemangioma (ANPLH).Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsFrom February 2009 to May 2020, 101 patients with ANPLH were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsSymptoms of ANPLH were frequently displayed as abnormal pharyngeal sensation and functional defection. According to lesion location, ANPLH was divided into five categories including nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, and mixed types. The mixed type constitutes the highest portion, and the nasopharyngeal type is the least in our cohort. Most lesions could resect through natural cavity under endoscopy. Patients with mixed lesions had a higher rate of postoperative recurrence and planned multiple surgeries. Acceptable but not severe intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in our patient cohort.ConclusionsPatients with ANPLH are always symptomatic and even functional defective, which can be classified into five categories based on lesion location. For these patients, endoscopic surgery through natural cavity is recommended to remove lesions with fewer complications and favorable clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2724–2728, 2021
Oligosaccharide and antinutrient content of whole red haricot bean fermented in salt–sugar and salt‐only solutions
Authors: Kitum Vivian C. , Kinyanjui Peter K. , Mathara Julius M. , Sila Daniel N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommon beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are nutritious and confer numerous health benefits. However, they are also high raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and antinutrients. Appreciable amounts of RFOs and antinutrients remain after soaking and cooking, causing flatulence and lowered mineral bioavailability to bean consumers. Fermentation has been shown to lower RFOs and antinutrients in bean flours and milk. However, beans are majorly consumed as whole grains. The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for fermenting whole common beans. We fermented boiled whole red haricot beans and evaluated their effect on RFOs, tannins, and phytates. A factorial research design was used. Beans were sorted, soaked for 15 h, and boiled for 1 h. The beans were then fermented in 2% salt–sugar solution (SSF) and 2% salt‐only solution (SOF) for 120 h. Microbial growth and pH were monitored every 24 h during fermentation. After fermentation, the beans were dried, milled, and the flours subjected to biochemical analysis. Fermentation favored the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), lowering the pH to 3.88 and 5.26 in SSF and SOF batches, respectively. Tannin content reduced significantly by 64.70% and 73.19% in the SSF and SOF batches, respectively. Phytates reduced by 58.88% and 68.85%, respectively. Raffinose reduced significantly by 96.40% and 95.01%, respectively, whereas stachyose reduced by 95.92% and 94.11%, respectively. The highest reduction of antinutrients and RFOs occurred between 24 and 72 h of fermentation. Higher antinutrient losses occurred in the SOF batch, whereas higher RFO losses occurred in the SSF batch.
Developing a rapid evidence response toCOVID‐19: The collaborative approach of Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Groot Gary , Baer Susan , Badea Andreea , Dalidowicz Michelle , Yasinian Maryam , Ali Anum , Carr Tracey , Reeder Bruce ,   COVID‐19 Evidence Support Team (CEST)
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 Evidence Support Team (CEST) was a provincial initiative that combined the support of policymakers, researchers, and clinical practitioners to initiate a new learning health cycle (LHS) in response to the pandemic. The primary aim of CEST was to produce and sustain the best available COVID‐19 evidence to facilitate decision‐making in Saskatchewan, Canada. To achieve this objective, four provincial organizations partnered to establish a single, data‐driven system.MethodsThe CEST partnership was driven by COVID‐19 questions from Emergency Operational Committee (EOC) of the Saskatchewan Health Authority. CEST included three processes: (a) clarifying the nature and priority of COVID‐19 policy and clinical questions; (b) providing Rapid Reviews (RRR) and Evidence Search Reports (ESR); and (c) seeking the requestors' evaluation of the product. A web‐based repository, including a dashboard and database, was designed to house ESRs and RRRs and offered a common platform for clinicians, academics, leaders, and policymakers to find COVID‐19 evidence.ResultsIn CEST's first year, 114 clinical and policy questions have been posed resulting in 135 ESRs and 108 RRRs. While most questions (41.3%) originated with the EOC, several other teams were assembled to address a myriad of questions related to areas such as long‐term care, public health and prevention, infectious diseases, personal protective equipment, vulnerable populations, and Indigenous health. Initial challenges were mobilization of diverse partners and teams, remote work, lack of public access, and quality of emerging COVID‐19 literature. Current challenges indicate the need for institutional commitment for CEST sustainability. Despite these challenges, the CEST provided the Saskatchewan LHS with a template for successful collaboration.ConclusionsThe urgency of COVID‐19 pandemic and the implementation of the CEST served to catalyze collaboration between different levels of a Saskatchewan LHS.
An embedding problem for finite local torsors over twisted curves
Authors: Otabe Shusuke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn his previous paper, the author proposed as a problem a purely inseparable analogue of the Abhyankar conjecture for affine curves in positive characteristic and gave a partial answer to it, which includes a complete answer for finite local nilpotent group schemes. In the present paper, motivated by the Abhyankar conjectures with restricted ramifications due to Harbater and Pop, we study a refined version of the analogous problem, based on a recent work on tamely ramified torsors due to Biswas–Borne, which is formulated in terms of root stacks. We study an embedding problem to conclude that the refined analogue is true in the solvable case.