bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eu2+‐doped oxyfluoride glass‐ceramic with nepheline as an efficient 400 nm UV‐LED color converter
Authors: Lee Hansol , Chung Woon Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSiO2‐Na2O‐Al2O3‐LaF3 glass‐ceramics doped with Eu2+ were synthesized as an efficient inorganic color converter for 400 nm UV‐LED. When Eu2+ formed within the glass matrix, the obtained glass showed cyan emission under 400 nm excitation, but its emission peak drastically shifted to greenish yellow upon heat treatment. With heat treatment the glass‐ceramic also showed highly increased emission intensity, and the color coordinate of the glass‐ceramic shifted to yellow. When it was mounted on top of a 400 nm UV‐LED, it demonstrated high color conversion efficiency and practical feasibility as an UV‐LED color converter. To vary the color coordination the heat‐treatment conditions and the thickness of the glass‐ceramic were adjusted. The resulting ceramic showed a high quantum yield of up to 78%, which is comparable to conventional ceramic phosphors. The spectral change in the glass‐ceramic is attributed to the formation of nepheline and LaF3 crystalline phases. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope with energy dispervise spectroscopy (TEM‐EDS) and cathode luminescence (CL) were used to investigate the mechanism of Eu2+‐doped nepheline crystal formation, and its effect on the spectral change with heat treatment.
Significant photostrictive response in lead‐free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics under visible light illumination
Authors: Fang Hanliang , Chen Chen , Zhang Faqiang , Cao Minghe , Yi Zhiguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotostrictive effect that has been discovered for over half a century is getting renewed interest in recent years in view of the great potential for the wireless remote‐control technology. Compared with lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ferroelectrics that have been intensively studied, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics have a more environment‐friendly prospect. In this study, we present a significant photostrictive response for Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics under visible light illumination. The ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum indicates that the BNT ceramic is a direct bandgap semiconductor (Eg = 2.93 eV) with a long tail absorbance till wavelength ~560 nm. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals nanoscale domains and fluctuated local structure in BNT ceramics. A significant photostriction ΔL/L about 0.08% was observed for BNT when irradiated by 405‐nm laser at the power of 20 kW/m2. The nonuniform shifts of the X‐ray diffraction peaks under external laser illumination indicates that the photostriction is mainly attributed to the light‐induced distortion of crystalline lattice. Such a big deformation approaching that of piezoelectrics/ferroelectrics induced by electric field shows great promise for photo‐driven multifunctional applications.
Trauma experiences of people with an intellectual disability and their implications: A scoping review
Authors: McNally Paddy , Taggart Laurence , Shevlin Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with an intellectual disability are more vulnerable to psychological trauma compared with the general population. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the current status of the literature on trauma that is specific to the experiences of adults with an intellectual disability, living in community settings.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2005, 8, 19) framework. Forty‐one international papers were reviewed spanning 2000–2020, and their quality assessed using the MMAT.Findings(1) Aggressive behaviours can be symptoms of trauma, (2) there are appropriate assessment tools for the impact of trauma, (3) evidence‐based interventions for trauma may be effective, and (4) factors associated with disability can be experienced as traumatic.ConclusionThere is a growing body of literature highlighting assessment needs and potential interventions for people with an intellectual disability who have experienced psychological trauma. Further research is needed to develop trauma‐informed pathways.
Navigating inferior vena cava filters in invasive cardiology procedures: A systematic review
Authors: Shah Kuldeep , Patel Sati , Hanson Ivan , Williamson Brian , Kutinsky Ilana , Dixon Simon , Haines David E. , Mehta Nishaki Kiran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransfemoral venous access (TFV) is the cornerstone of minimally invasive cardiac procedures. Although the presence of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) was considered a relative contraindication to TFV procedures, small experiences have suggested safety. We conducted a systematic review of the available literature on cardiac procedural success of TFV with IVCF in‐situ.MethodsTwo independent reviewers searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from inception to October 2020 for studies that reported outcomes in patients with IVCFs undergoing TFV for invasive cardiac procedures. We investigated a primary outcome of acute procedural success and reviewed the pooled data for patient demographics, procedural complications, types of IVCF, IVCF dwell time, and procedural specifics.ResultsOut of the 120 studies initially screened, 8 studies were used in the final analysis with a total of 100 patients who underwent 110 procedures. The most common IVCF was the Greenfield Filter (36%), 60% of patients were males and the mean age was 67.8 years. The overall pooled incidence of acute procedural success was 95.45% (95% confidence interval = 89.54–98.1) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 1) and there were no reported filter‐related complications.ConclusionThis systematic review is the largest study of its kind to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of TFV access in a variety of cardiac procedures in the presence of IVCF.
Direct oral anticoagulants to treat left ventricular thrombus—A systematic review and meta‐analysis: ELECTRAM investigators
Authors: Shah Siddharth , Shah Kuldeep , Turagam Mohit K. , Sharma Abhinav , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Garg Jalaj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThough current guidelines currently recommend using warfarin, there is also a growing interest in the utilization of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to treat left ventricular (LV) thrombus.MethodsWe performed a systematic search using PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 30, 2020, for studies that had reported outcomes in patients with left ventricular thrombus treated with DOACs (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020219761).ResultsTwelve studies (n = 867 patients) were included in the analysis. The pooled incidence of the systemic embolic events (SEE) with DOACs was 2.7%, whereas the thrombus resolution rate was 86.6%. The pooled incidence of overall bleeding (composite of major and minor bleeding) and major bleeding with DOACs were 5.6% and 1.1%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in terms of SEE (OR 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–1.52, p = .54), major bleeding (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.07–1.26, p = .24), and failure of LV thrombus resolution (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.28–2.58, p = .68); whereas overall bleeding was significantly low in patients with LV thrombus treated with DOACs compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14–0.81, p = .02).ConclusionOur study demonstrates no significant difference in SEE, major bleeding, or failure of LV thrombus resolution between the two groups, thus demonstrating that DOACs are an efficacious and safe alternative for the treatment of LV thrombus compared to VKAs. However, further well‐designed prospective trials are needed to answer important clinical questions—optimal dosing/duration of DOACs and its safety in the background of antiplatelet therapy.
Unmet family caregiver training needs associated with acute care utilization during home health care
Authors: Burgdorf Julia G. , Arbaje Alicia I. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMedicare‐certified home health agencies are required to offer family caregiver training, but little is known regarding the potential impact of this training on outcomes during home health care. We estimate the proportion of family caregivers assisting Medicare home health patients who have unmet training needs and examine whether these unmet training needs are associated with older adults' risk of acute care utilization during home health care.DesignObservational, nationally representative cohort study.SettingLinked National Health and Aging Trends Study, Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS), Medicare Provider of Services file, and Medicare claims data from 2011 to 2016.ParticipantsThousand two hundred seventeen (weighted n = 5,870,905) community‐living Medicare beneficiaries who received home health care between 2011 and 2016.MeasurementsFamily caregivers' unmet training needs measured from OASIS and Medicare claims; home health patients' acute care utilization (including emergency department use and hospitalization) measured from OASIS.ResultsRates of unmet need for training varied by activity, from 8.2% of family caregivers assisting with household chores to 16.0% assisting with self‐care tasks. After controlling for older adult and home health provider characteristics, older adults whose family caregivers had an unmet need for training with any caregiving activity were twice as likely to incur acute care utilization during their home health episode (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.38). This relationship held across specific caregiving activities including household chores (aOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.13–3.46), medication management (aOR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.46–4.26), patient supervision (aOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.36–6.24), and self‐care tasks (aOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.62–6.00).Conclusions and RelevanceUnmet training needs among family caregivers are associated with greater likelihood of acute care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries receiving home health care. Identifying and addressing family caregivers' training needs may reduce older adults' risk of acute care utilization during home health care.
Helium plasma dermal resurfacing: VISIA CR assessment of facial spots, pores, and wrinkles—Preliminary findings
Authors: Holcomb John David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesEffects of low energy, single‐pass helium plasma dermal resurfacing (PDR) treatment on brown spots, enlarged pores, and wrinkles—preliminary findings.MethodsTwenty two subjects (64.6 ± 6.6 years) with Fitzpatrick Wrinkle and Elastosis Scale score (FWS) of ≤2 and seeking improvement of facial appearance were included in this subanalysis. All subjects received a single, one‐pass, full face, and low power helium PDR treatment. Standard digital images were collected using the VISIA‐CR (Canfield Scientific Inc.) at baseline and 3 months after treatment with images assessed for improvement in FWS and for improvements in brown spots, enlarged pores, and wrinkles by proprietary automated image processing algorithms.ResultsNearly all subjects demonstrated ≥1‐point improvement in FWS and also reported improvement per modified Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale query. The numbers of brown spots and enlarged pores decreased by 45.1% and 28.3%, respectively. Stratification of brown spots data by presence or absence of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation revealed paradoxically conflicting data. The improvement detected in wrinkle area and mean wrinkle thickness was less pronounced with overall reductions of 13.4% and 4.8%, respectively. 37 Non‐serious adverse events (AEs) in 22 subjects were reported with most resolving within 14 days or less, and no serious AEs were observed.ConclusionsWhile longer‐term follow‐up is needed, these early study results show that one single‐pass, low energy helium PDR treatment improves facial skin appearance both qualitatively and quantitatively. Studies evaluating higher energy levels and multiple treatment passes are ongoing.
Indonesian mothers' beliefs on caring practices at home for preterm babies after hospital discharge: A qualitative study
Authors: Hariati Suni , Sutomo Retno , McKenna Lisa , Reisenhofer Sonia , Lusmilasari Lely , Febriani Andi D. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePremature birth may be associated with infant health problems and frequently requires in‐hospital and then at‐home specialized care. Studies investigating home‐caring experiences of mothers of preterm infants in developing countries are limited. This study was to explore preterm mothers' experiences of caring practices at home 1 month after their infant's discharge from a neonatal unit.Design and MethodA descriptive qualitative study using in‐depth interviews with eight purposively sampled mothers who had been discharged home from neonatal unit in one city in Indonesia. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultThree main themes emerged: (1) transition to independent motherhood, (2) focus on care of infant after discharge, and (3) barriers and enablers for care. The mothers managed their infant care at home by focusing on feeding and managing infant health problems. They faced on myth and culture as one of the barriers.ConclusionsComprehensive discharge education for mothers of preterm infants and their families is required to enhance mothers' caring abilities and overcome barriers is sufficient. Nurses/midwives need to improve care related to the well‐being of mothers and their infants in preparation for, and after, discharge from the neonatal unit.
Changes in tree size, not species diversity, underlie the low above‐ground biomass in natural forest edges
Authors: Silva Mateus Cardoso , Melo Felipe Pimentel Lopes , van den Berg Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsForest's above‐ground biomass is an important component of the global carbon cycle and, in forest fragments, it tends to decrease near the edges. This edge effect on biomass can be due to the number and identity of species residing at edges or due to the context of edges constraining plant functioning regardless of the species. Here, we took advantage of species‐rich natural forest edges to test the role of species richness, composition, and context dependency in explaining why forest edges stock less above‐ground biomass than interiors.LocationGallery forests in Brazilian savanna (latitude 21° S, longitude 44° W).MethodsWe tested the relationship between species richness and above‐ground biomass in 49 forest plots (10,142 trees). We used a novel adaptation of the Price equation to calculate the impact of species composition (losses and gains) and context dependency on the differences of above‐ground biomass between edges and interiors.ResultsDifferences in species richness and composition did not explain the lower above‐ground biomass of forest edges when compared to interiors. Biomass responses were context‐dependent, in which the same species achieved smaller sizes when it grew in the edge than in the interior.ConclusionsOur study shows that edge effects on biomass may operate independently of biodiversity as edges and interiors had a similar number of species but distinct above‐ground biomass. Indeed, in the studied natural forest patches, the edge context itself limits plant size and, thus, the above‐ground biomass stock. Beyond unveiling the underlying causes of edge effects on forest biomass, our results call for distinct policies to conserve both the carbon stocks in forest interiors but also the unique diversity of natural edges.
Colomera (Granada, Spain): More than a century of an IIE iron meteorite journey
Authors: Lozano R. P. , Sánchez J. A. , González‐Laguna R. , Martín‐Crespo T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColomera is the Spanish meteorite (IIE) that has aroused the greatest interest among the international scientific community. Until now, the story of the find was only partially known and certain data are incorrect. The amazing journey of this meteorite has been recounted in this work. It reveals unpublished information derived from local archives, and testimonies from the descendants of the family that found the meteorite in 1913, and from the inhabitants of Colomera (Granada, Spain). We also document the story after its discovery, which culminated in a 2015 court ruling demanding the return of the largest part the mass (120.34 kg) to the heirs of the Spanish family that discovered the meteorite. Some of the material initially extracted in Spain (305 g) is currently housed in the Natural History Museum (121.3 g; London, UK). Nine kilograms of fragments remains in the United States after returning the meteorite to Spain in 1969. Of these, we have only located slightly more than 4 kg in several American institutions. Recently, 235 g has been returned to Spain: two fragments in private collections and two fragments in the Museo Geominero, Spanish Geological and Mining Institute (Spanish acronym: IGME).
Untangling the structural and molecular mechanisms underlying colour and rapid colour change in a lizard, Agama atra
Authors: Nicolaï Michaël P. J. , D’Alba Liliana , Goldenberg Jonathan , Gansemans Yannick , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Clusella‐Trullas Susana , Shawkey Matthew D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith functions as diverse as communication, protection and thermoregulation, coloration is one of the most important traits in lizards. The ability to change colour as a function of varying social and environmental conditions is thus an important innovation. While colour change is present in animals ranging from squids, to fish and reptiles, not much is known about the mechanisms behind it. Traditionally, colour change was attributed to migration of pigments, in particular melanin. More recent work has shown that the changes in nanostructural configuration inside iridophores are able to produce a wide palette of colours. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying colour, and colour change in particular, remain unstudied. Here we use a combination of transcriptomic and microscopic data to show that melanin, iridophores and pteridines are the main colour‐producing mechanisms in Agama atra, and provide molecular and structural data suggesting that rapid colour change is achieved via melanin dispersal in combination with iridophore organization. This work demonstrates the power of combining genotypic (gene expression) and phenotypic (microscopy) information for addressing physiological questions, providing a basis for future studies of colour change.
The problem of omnivory: A synthesis on omnivory and DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Symondson William O. C. , Cuff Jordan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDietary analysis using DNA metabarcoding is a powerful tool that is increasingly being used to further our knowledge of trophic interactions in highly complex food webs but is not without limitations. Omnivores, the most generalist of consumers, pose unique challenges when using such methods. Here, we provide the rationale to understand the problems associated with analysing the complex diets of omnivores. By reviewing existing metabarcoding studies of omnivorous diet, and constructing hypothetical scenarios arising from each, we outline that great caution is required when interpreting sequencing data in such cases. In essence, the problems of accidental consumption and secondary ingestion are significant sources of error when investigating omnivorous diets. The integration of multiple high throughput sequencing markers increases the taxonomic breadth of taxa detected but we reveal how some detections may be misleading. Disentangling which taxa have been deliberately or accidentally consumed by the focal omnivore is challenging and can falsely emphasise those that were not intentionally consumed, obscuring biologically meaningful interactions. Although we suggest ways to disentangle these issues, we urge that the results of such analyses should be interpreted with caution and all possible scenarios for the presence of biota within omnivores given due consideration.
Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)
Authors: Sepp Tuul , Meitern Richard , Heidinger Britt , Noreikiene Kristina , Rattiste Kalev , Hõrak Peeter , Saks Lauri , Kittilson Jeffrey , Urvik Janek , Giraudeau Mathieu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParental age can affect offspring telomere length through heritable and epigenetic‐like effects, but at what stage during development these effects are established is not well known. To address this, we conducted a cross‐fostering experiment in common gulls (Larus canus) that enabled us distinguish between pre‐ and post‐natal parental age effects on offspring telomere length. Whole clutches were exchanged after clutch completion within and between parental age classes (young and old) and blood samples were collected from chicks at hatching and during the fastest growth phase (11 days later) to measure telomeres. Neither the ages of the natal nor the foster parents predicted the telomere length or the change in telomere lengths of their chicks. Telomere length (TL) was repeatable within chicks, but increased across development (repeatability = 0.55, intraclass correlation coefficient within sampling events 0.934). Telomere length and the change in telomere length were not predicted by post‐natal growth rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that in common gulls, telomere length during early life is not influenced by parental age or growth rate, which may indicate that protective mechanisms buffer telomeres from external conditions during development in this relatively long‐lived species.
Optimising the delivery of remediation programmes for doctors: A realist review
Authors: Price Tristan , Wong Geoff , Withers Lyndsey , Wanner Amanda , Cleland Jennifer , Gale Tom , Prescott‐Clements Linda , Archer Julian , Bryce Marie , Brennan Nicola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContextMedical underperformance puts patient safety at risk. Remediation, the process that seeks to ‘remedy’ underperformance and return a doctor to safe practice, is therefore a crucially important area of medical education. However, although remediation is used in health care systems globally, there is limited evidence for the particular models or strategies employed. The purpose of this study was to conduct a realist review to ascertain why, how, in what contexts, for whom and to what extent remediation programmes for practising doctors work to restore patient safety.MethodWe conducted a realist literature review consistent with RAMESES standards. We developed a programme theory of remediation by carrying out a systematic search of the literature and through regular engagement with a stakeholder group. We searched bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, ERIC, ASSIA and DARE) and conducted purposive supplementary searches. Relevant sections of text relating to the programme theory were extracted and synthesised using a realist logic of analysis to identify context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOcs).ResultsA 141 records were included. The majority of the studies were from North America (64%). 29 CMOcs were identified. Remediation programmes are effective when a doctor's insight and motivation are developed and behaviour change reinforced. Insight can be developed by providing safe spaces, using advocacy to promote trust and framing feedback sensitively. Motivation can be enhanced by involving the doctor in remediation planning, correcting causal attribution, goal setting and destigmatising remediation. Sustained change can be achieved by practising new behaviours and skills, and through guided reflection.ConclusionRemediation can work when it creates environments that trigger behaviour change mechanisms. Our evidence synthesis provides detailed recommendations on tailoring implementation and design strategies to improve remediation interventions for doctors.