bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Single and Multiple Associations of COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae: 6-month Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodríguez Beatriz Maria Jiménez , Fernández José Gutiérrez , Urbina Eldis Maria Ramos , Ortiz Ana dolores Romero , Flores Paula Isabel García , Puertas Maria Inmaculada Santiago , López Maria Jose Martín , Milena Genaro López , Fabregas Rene , García Concepción Morales 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Medical research is progressing to clarify the full spectrum of sub-acute and long-term effects of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. However, most manuscripts published to date only analyze the effects of long COVID in patients discharged from hospital, which may induce significant bias. Here, we propose a pioneering study to analyze the single and multiple associations between post-COVID characteristics with up to 6-months of follow-up in hospitalized and non-hospitalized covid-19 patients. The cohort study was conducted from May to October 2020 at the University Hospital Virgen de la Nieves, the leading hospital assigned for patients with COVID-19 in Granada, Spain. A total of 372 and 217 patients — with 217 and 207 included in the first and second follow-up visits — were referred 2 and 6 months after diagnosis of covid-19 infection, respectively. We find out that post-COVID-19 clinical and mental health impairment symptoms are correlated with patient gender. Logistic adjustments showed strong statistically robust single and multiple associations of demographic, clinical, mental health, X-ray, laboratory indices, and pulmonary function variables. The functional lung tests are good predictors of chest CT imaging abnormalities in elderly patients with long-haul COVID. Bilateral lung involvement, subpleural reticulum, ground-glass opacity, peripheral lung lesions, and bronchiectasis were the most common findings of the high-resolution computed tomography images. Non-hospitalized patients suffer more severe thromboembolic events and fatigue than those hospitalized.
A2A Receptor-induced Overexpression of Pannexin-1 Hemichannels Indirectly Mediates Adenosine Fibrogenic Actions in Subcutaneous Human Fibroblasts by Favoring ATP Release
Authors: Herman-de-Sousa Carina , Costa Maria Adelina , Silva Rafaela Pedro , Ferreirinha Fátima , Ribeiro Severino , Correia-de-Sá Paulo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue due to inflammation and fibrosis is a common feature in patients with myofascial pain. Dermal accumulation of adenosine favours collagen production by human subcutaneous fibroblasts (HSCF) via A2A receptors (A2AR) activation. Adenosine mimics the fibrogenic effect of inflammatory mediators (e.g. histamine, bradykinin), which act by promoting ATP release from HSCF via pannexin-1 (Panx1) and/or connexin-43 (Cx43) hemichannels. However, this mechanism was never implicated in the A2AR-mediated actions. NECA and CGS21680C, two enzymatically-stable A2AR agonists, increased Panx-1, but reduced Cx43, immunoreactivity in cultured HSCF. This effect was accompanied by increases in ATP release and collagen production by HSCF. Involvement of A2AR was verified upon blockage of NECA and CGS21680 effects with the selective A2AR antagonist, SCH442416. Inhibition of Panx1 hemichannels with probenecid also decreased ATP release and collagen production by HSCF under similar conditions. Superfluous ATP release by HSCF exposed to A2AR agonists overexpressing Panx1 hemichannels contributes to keep high [Ca2+]i levels in the presence of inflammatory mediators, like histamine. Adenosine A2AR-induced Panx1 overexpression was shown here for the first time; this feature indirectly implicates ATP release in the fibrogenic vicious cycle putatively operated by the nucleoside in subcutaneous tissue fibrosis and myofascial inflammatory conditions.
Local Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in Indian Summer Monsoon Multi-Decadal Variability
Authors: Goswami Dhruba Jyoti , Karumuri Ashok , Goswami Bhupendranath 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The significant multi-decadal mode (MDM) of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during the past two millennia provides a basis for decadal predictability of the ISMR, and has strong association with the north-Atlantic variability with the Atlantic multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) as a potential external driver. It is also known that the annual cycles and inter-annual variability of ISMR and sea surface temperatures (SST) over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) are strongly coupled. However, the role of local air-sea interactions in maintaining or modifying the ISMR MDM remains unknown. A related puzzle we identify is that the IO SST has an increasing trend during two opposite phases of the ISMR MDM, namely during an increasing phase of ISMR (1901 to 1957) as well as a decreasing phase of ISMR (1958-2007). Here, using a twentieth century reanalysis (20CR), we examine the role of air-sea interactions in maintaining two opposite phases of the ISMR MDM and unravels that the Bjerknes feedback is at the heart of maintaining the ISMR MDM but cannot explain the increasing trend of SST in the tropical IO during the opposite phases. Large-scale low-level vorticity influence on SST and net heat flux changes through circulation and cloudiness changes associated with the two phases of the ISMR MDM together explain the SST trends. The decreasing trend of low-level wind convergence during the period between 1958 and 2007 is a determining factor for the decreasing trend of ISMR in the backdrop of an increasing trend of atmospheric moisture content. Our analysis points towards the transition from one phase to the other to be driven by external drivers like the AMO through modulation of the large-scale circulation.
Effect of Root Canal Transportation by Minimally Invasive Endodontic Access on Canal Orifice Dentin
Authors: Tsubaki Tomoyuki , Utsunomiya Mai , Shimojima Kaori , Mutoh Noriko , Tani-Ishii Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive endodontics (MI Endo) with minimal dentin shaping prevents root canal fracture in endodontically treated teeth. Alternatively, reduction of the surgical field and limitation of the visual field by MI Endo make root canal shaping difficult. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of minimally invasive (MI) shaping of canal orifice dentin by evaluating the shaping characteristics of TruNatomy (TN), a Ni–Ti file developed for MI Endo.Methods: A J-shaped canal model was used to compare the final canal morphology formed using a MI shaping TN or conventional shaping ProTaper NEXT (PTN) file. The TN files were used in two experimental groups: no straight-line access (A) and straight-line access (B). The PTN files of the control were similarly classified: no straight-line access (C) and straight-line access (D). The increase in canal width and the median displacement (transportation) among the groups were compared.Results: The analysis of the canal width prepared with the TN file showed that the displacement of the inner canal curve increased at the point 5 mm from the apex in Groups A and B; however, the displacement of the outer width increased at the other measurement sites. In Groups C and D using PTN, the displacement of the inner canal curve increased at points 3–5 mm from the apex. Alternatively, the displacement on the outer width increased at 8 mm, and the displacement in Group D increased significantly. The canal transportation in the case with a TN file was 0.1 mm or smaller for Groups A and B, although the PTN preparation showed significant transport 3–5 mm from the apex on the inner curve of Group D compared with Groups A and B.Conclusions: TN shaping preserves the tooth structure and canal geometry without straight-line access. The TN file developed based on the concept of MI Endo facilitates accurate root canal shaping and reduces transportation.
Association Between Air Pollutants and Hospitalization with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Ganzhou, China
Authors: Zhou Xingye , Li Chenwei , Gao Yanfang , Zhou Chuanfei , Zhang Xiaokang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. The evidence of the harm of air pollutants to respiratory health in inland cities in southern China is relatively limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the relationship between air pollutants and the number of hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in this area.Method. The number of inpatients with COPD, air quality data and meteorological data in the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University in Ganzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were collected. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the lagged effects of air pollutants and their health effects on the number of hospitalizations for COPD.Results. Among a variety of pollutants, the air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou City have a significant impact on the number of hospitalized patients with COPD. Using PM2.5 as an example, the single day lag effect and cumulative lag effect reached their maximum at lag 6 day and lag 12 day, respectively, at which time the number of hospitalizations due to COPD increased by 2.82% and 6.60%, respectively. After adjusting for other pollutants, it was found that the impact of PM2.5 on the number of hospitalizations of COPD patients did not change much. Compared with the cold season, the changes of PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in warm season have a greater impact on the number of inpatients with COPD.Conclusions. The increased concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in Ganzhou may increase the risk of COPD patients, which is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of COPD hospitalizations.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Bmy1 Intron III Alleles Conferring the Genotypic Variation in β-amylase Activity under Drought Stress Between Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley
Authors: Wu Xiaojian , Wang Huan , Zeng Fanrong , Wang Junmei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
β-amylase activity is related to the polymorphism of Bmy1 intron III; however, no attention has been given to such relationship under environmental stresses like drought. In this study, 73 cultivated barley genotypes and 52 Tibetan wild barley accessions were used to test the association between Bmy1 gene intron III polymorphisms and β-amylase activity under drought stress. Our results showed that three alleles, Bmy1.a, Bmy1.b and Bmy1.c, existed in the examined barley genotypes. Tibetan wild barley had higher proportion of Bmy1.b, whereas cultivated barley showed higher proportion of Bmy1.a. Impressively, barley genotypes with Bmy1.b showed significant increase in β-amylase activity under drought stress, compared with those with Bmy1.a or Bmy1.c, indicating that Bmy1.b allele might provide more chances for developing barley cultivars with higher β-amylase activity under water stress than both Bmy1.a and Bmy1.c alleles. Furthermore, the Tibetan wild barley XZ147, belonging to Bmy1.b allele type, showed significant higher β-amylase activity than the cultivar Triumph under drought stress. This might result from the unique amino acid substitution M527 or the amino acid composition of R115, D165, A233, S347 and M527 of XZ147.
Whirl Analysis of an Overhung Disk Shaft System Mounted on Non-rigid Bearings
Authors: Chowdhury Sanjib , Joshi Yashodhan V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Eigenvalues of a simple rotating flexible disk-shaft system are obtained using different methods. The shaft is supported radially by non-rigid bearings, while the disk is situated at one end of the shaft. Eigenvalues from a finite element and a multi-body dynamic tool are compared against an established analytical formulation. The Campbell diagram based on natural frequencies obtained from the tools differ from the analytical values because of oversimplification in the analytical model. Later, detailed whirl analysis is performed using AVL Excite multi-body tool that includes understanding forward and reverse whirls in absolute and relative coordinate systems and their relationships. Responses to periodic force and base excitations at a constant rotational speed of the shaft are obtained and a modified Campbell diagram based on this is developed. Whirl of the center of the disk is plotted as an orbital or phase plot and its rotational direction noted. Finally, based on the above plots, forward and reverse whirl zones for the two excitation types are established.
The Effect of Social Networks and Internet Emotional Relationships on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Students: a Path Analysis Model
Authors: Aliverdi Fatemeh , Tourzani Zahra Mehdizadeh , Salehi Leili , Qorbani Mostafa , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Social networks and relationships create a sense of belonging and social identity and therefore have a major effect on mental health and quality of life, especially in young people. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of social networks and Internet emotional relationships on mental health and quality of life in students. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2021 on 350 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using five questionnaires: Socioeconomic Status, Social Networks, Internet Emotional Relationships Mental Health, Quality of Life and a checklist of demographic details. Data were analyzed in SPSS-25, PLS-3, and Lisrel-8.8.Results: According to the path analysis results, mental health had the most significant positive causal relationship with Internet emotional relationships in the direct path (B=0.22) and the most negative relationship with socioeconomic status (B=-0.09). Mental health was assessed using DASS-21, in which higher scores mean higher mental disorder. Quality of life had the highest negative causal relationship with DASS-21 score in the direct path (B=-0.26) and the highest positive relationship with socioeconomic status in the indirect path (B=0.023). The mean duration of using social networks (B=-0.067) and Internet emotional relationships (B=-0.089) had the highest negative relationship with quality of life.Conclusion: The use of the internet and virtual networks, Internet emotional relationships and unfavorable socioeconomic status were associated with mental disorders and reduced quality of life in the students. Since students are the future of any country, it is necessary for policymakers to further address this group and their concerns.
Ultra-Low Profile Solar-Cell-Integrated Antenna With a High Form Factor
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Wang Heesu , Lee Jaejin , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Park Ikmo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell integrated antenna with a high form factor. A tiny slot was etched from the solar cell to develop an ultra-low-profile solar-cell-integrated antenna. This tiny slot increases the form factor due to the small clearance area from the solar cell. A ground-radiation antenna design method was applied in which lumped elements were employed inside the tiny slot for antenna operation. Another substrate was used under the solar cell for designing the feeding structure with lumped elements connected to the tiny slot using via holes. A prototype was fabricated and measured to verify the operation of a built-in solar-cell antenna and validate the simulated results. The measured results demonstrate that the solar-cell-integrated antenna covers the entire frequency range of the Industrial Scientific Medical band from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz with good performance characteristics. The proposed design has a low-profile structure with high optical transparency for solar cells. The antenna and solar cell were designed to avoid affecting the performance of each other using the radio-frequency decoupler.
Renal microvascular damaged in diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia through the regulation of MAMs by PACS2 in endothelial cell
Authors: Shu Zhihao , Chen Shuhua , Xiang Hong , Wu Ruoru , Zhao Shaoli , Xiao Jie , Liu Hengdao , Liu Yulan , Wang Xuewen , Xiong Wenfang , Ouyang Jie , Zhang Jing , Liu Huiqin , Chen Alex F , Lu Hongwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of diabetic vascular complications is rapidly increasing, especially in the diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. Consistent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia impairs microvascular, but lack of effective intervention target to prevention or reduced the risk of serious bad ending. Methods: A mouse model of diabetes combined with hyperlipidemia were established by STZ injection and high fat diet to observe the possible damage of HGHF to renal blood vessels include vascular permeability, fibrosis and subcellular structure. Then, we replicated an in vitro endothelial cell injury model treated by 30mm Glucose and 0.1mm palmitic acid to verify its main functional changes. Proteomics and metabolomics were used to explore the molecular mechanisms behind diabetic microvascular damage. The mechanisms were further verified at siRNA interference and transgenic knockout mice. Results: We found that renal vascular permeability impaired and fibrosis increased significantly in the stz+HFD mice. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with high glucose/high fat (HGHF), the number of mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) and the expression of phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2) increased. In particular, gene manipulation of PACS2 altered endothelial cell MAMs. Knocking down PACS2 restored the barrier function of HUVECs. In vivo, knocking out PACS2 ameliorated the kidney injury in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin and fed with high-fat diet for up to 20 weeks. PACS2-/- mice leaked less vascular Evan’s blue and improved glomerular fibrosis in the kidney tissue of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia mouse model. We further observed the reduction of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), CPT1α expression, and NADPH production in endothelial cells induced by HGHF. These changes in fatty acid metabolism were rescued by silencing PACS2, but were blocked by the FAO inhibitor, etomoxir. Conclusion: PACS2 impacts the metabolic response of endothelial cells to HGHF through MAMs. Loss of PACS2 expression reduces glomerular endothelial cells barrier injury, induced by VE-Cadherin internalized under HGHF. PACS2 play a metabolism and MAMs regulators in the vascular endothelial cells of diabetes with hyperlipidemia.
NOVA1 Promotes SMN2 Exon 7 Splicing via Binding the UCAC Motif and Increases SMN Protein Expression
Authors: Du Lili , Sun Junjie , Chen Zhiheng , Shao Yixiang , Wu Liucheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease with high lethality rate in infants. Homologous genes SMN1 and SMN2 were reported to be SMA pathogenic factors. Studies showed that high inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 increased SMN expression which in turn ameliorated the severity of SMA. The inclusion rate of SMN2 exon 7 was higher in neural tissues than that in non-neural tissues. Expression of splicing factors that regulate inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 were significantly increased in neural tissues compared to non-neural ones. A positive correlation was checked between expression of neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1(NOVA1) and SMN in central nervous system. In addition, reduced number of neurons in the spinal cord anterior horn was determined by Nissl staining in SMA mice from postnatal day 1 to 7 continuously. Meanwhile, NOVA1 was presented in motor neurons and gradually decreased as SMA ongoing. Moreover, SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and protein level were enhanced by overexpressing NOVA1, while the enhancement was reversed when NOVA1 knockdown in vitro. Finally, the “YCAY” motif (Y is pyrimidine, U or C) was located in the exon 7 of SMN2 and was critical for NOVA1 binding and promoting the inclusion of exon 7. Mutagenesis experiments revealed that CA was essential for the exon 7 inclusion while less influence was detected by changing order of Y in the motif. Collectively, NOVA1 interacted with “YCAY” motif in exon 7 of SMN2 and thus enhanced the inclusion of exon 7 in SMN2 which in turn increased the level of SMN protein. Our data may provide new insights into the treatment of SMA disease.
Local Immune Response of Canarian Majorera Goats Primary Infected With Teladorsagia Circumcincta
Authors: Ortega Leire , Quesada Jessica , Ruiz Antonio , Conde-Felipe Magnolia M. , Ferrer Otilia , Rodríguez Francisco , Caballero José M. Molina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to increased anthelmintic resistance, alternative methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Some of the most promising alternatives for their sustainability are based on the immune response of the host, such as the selection of genetically resistant breeds or the use of vaccines against these parasites. Given the limited information available on the immune response against GIN in goats, this study was carried out on the local immune response of goat kids of a Canary Islands indigenous breed (Majorera breed) experimentally infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the most pathogenic and prevalent GIN species. For this purpose, the relationship between different parasitological and immunological parameters at local level (both related to the humoral and cellular immune responses) have been analyzed at early (1 week post-infection –wpi-) and late (8 wpi) stages of infection.Primoinfection of goat kids with T. circumcincta L3 generates a complex immune response that could be defined as Th2 type, characterized by an increase of infiltration in abomasal tissues of several effector cells as well as a progressive presence of specific antibodies against parasitic antigens in the gastric mucus. These cellular responses could be evidenced from 1 wpi onward, showing an increase in the gastric mucosa of antigen presenting cells and various lymphocyte subsets. The complexity of the responses developed is evidenced by the statistically significant changes in numbers of all these subpopulations, as well as in the evolution of the relative cytokine gene expression. From a functional point of view, negative associations were observed between the number of most of these cells (CD4, IgA, IgG, and CD45R cells) and parameters that could be related to the fecundity of worms, a phenomenon that was especially evident when the number of IgG or CD45R cells or the specific IgA levels of the mucus were compared with parasitological parameters such as the lenght of female worms or faecal egg counts at 8wpi.
Observational Study on Treatment of SRD-Type Diabetic Macular Edema With Aflibercept
Authors: Hao Yanlei , Tao Yuan , Li Yang , Wang Jundong , Li Shuting , Wang Hong , Li Weiguo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To examine the changes before and after intravitreal injection of Aflibercept in patients with SRD- type DME compared with non-SRD-type DME patients. Fifty eyes with SRD-type DME and 50 eyes with non-SRD-type DME were treated with Aflibercept (2 mg, 3 + PRN). The concentration of IL-6 in aqueous humor was measured before treatment, at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The changes in VA, CFT, and HRDs were observed before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after treatment. The VA in the two groups was improved after treatment (P < 0.05). the CFT and the number of HRDs in the two groups after treatment were decreased compared to that before treatment (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of IL-6 in the aqueous humor at 3 and 6 months after treatment was reduced compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). This data suggests that inflammation had an important role in DME occurrence, and the occurrence of SRD is closely related to inflammation. Intravitreal injection of Aflibercept can improve the visual acuity and macular edema in patients with DME.