bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A historical flash flood chronology for Britain
Authors: Archer David , Fowler Hayley 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chronology provides a record of flash flood events in Britain based on data collated mainly between 1700 and 2020. The primary purpose of the chronology is to improve the risk assessment of flash floods of given magnitude. It is divided into 18 regions of the country and contains descriptions of nearly 8000 events. It extends a previous chronology covering northern and southwest England which is provided as an online resource in (http://ceg-fepsys.ncl.ac.uk/outputs/). Flash floods have had a variety of previous definitions but are here defined in terms of the speed of onset which can apply to both river floods and surface water floods. The chronology for the first time provides a comprehensive list of surface water floods and their recorded impact on cities, towns and villages. It also draws attention to the prevalence of very rapid rates of rise in river level either as ‘walls of water’, or at a rate likely to endanger life as a result of intense rainfall. Nearly 300 such events have been identified mainly in upland areas of northern England, Wales and Scotland. Practical and theoretical issues with respect to flood risk assessment and warning are discussed. The chronology is available to download and is hosted onhttps://www.jbatrust.org/how-we-help/publications-resources/rivers-and-coasts/uk-chronology-of-flash-floods-1/
Hepatitis C virus eradication decreases the risks of liver cirrhosis and cirrhosis‐related complications (Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort)
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Fan , Tsai Pei‐Chein , Chen Chi‐Yi , Tseng Kuo‐Chih , Lai Hsueh‐Chou , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Hung Chao‐Hung , Tung Shui‐Yi , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Lee Pei‐Lun , Chien Ron‐Nan , Lin Chun‐Yen , Yang Chi‐Chieh , Lo Gin‐Ho , Tai Chi‐Ming , Lin Chih‐Wen , Kao Jia‐Horng , Liu Chun‐Jen , Liu Chen‐Hua , Yan Sheng‐Lei , Bair Ming‐Jong , Su Wei‐Wen , Chu Cheng‐Hsin , Chen Chih‐Jen , Lo Ching‐Chu , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Wang Chia‐Chi , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Lin Han‐Chieh , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung , Peng Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimIt is currently unknown how hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR) therapy affects the incidence of new‐onset liver cirrhosis (LC) in patients without cirrhosis and the incidence of decompensated liver disease (DLD) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsTaiwanese chronic hepatitis C cohort (T‐COACH) is a nationwide HCV registry cohort from 23 hospitals in Taiwan recruited between 2003 and 2015. This study enrolled 10 693 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), linked to the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, receiving PR therapy for at least 4 weeks for new‐onset LC and liver‐related complications (DLD or HCC).ResultsOf the 10 693 patients, 1372 (12.8%) patients had LC, and the mean age was 54.0 ± 11.4 years. The mean follow‐up duration was 4.38 ± 2.79 years, with overall 46 798 person‐years. The 10‐year cumulative incidence rates of new‐onset LC were 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–7.7) in patients without cirrhosis with a sustained virologic response (SVR) and 21.9% (95% CI: 13.4–32.4) in those without SVR (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.22, P < 0.001). The 10‐year cumulative incidence rates of liver‐related complications were 21.4% (95% CI: 11.1–37.2) in patients with cirrhosis with SVR and 47.0% (95% CI: 11.1–86.0) in those without SVR after adjustment for age, sex, and competing mortality (HR: 0.52, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHepatitis C virus eradication with PR therapy decreased the incidence of new‐onset LC in noncirrhotic patients and the incidence of liver‐related complications in cirrhotic patients with CHC.
Life‐space mobility and healthcare costs and utilization in older men
Authors: Sheets Kerry M. , Kats Allyson M. , Langsetmo Lisa , Mackey Dawn , Fink Howard A. , Diem Susan J. , Duan‐Porter Wei , Cawthon Peggy M. , Schousboe John T. , Ensrud Kristine E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the association of life‐space score with subsequent healthcare costs and utilization.DesignProspective cohort study (Osteoporotic Fracture in Men [MrOS]).SettingSix U.S. sites.ParticipantsA total of 1555 community‐dwelling men (mean age 79.3 years; 91.5% white, non‐Hispanic) participating in the MrOS Year 7 (Y7) examination linked with their Medicare claims data.MeasurementsLife‐space during the past month was assessed as 0 (daily restriction to one's bedroom) to 120 (daily trips outside one's town without assistance) and categorized (0–40, 41–60, 61–80, 81–100, 101–120). Total annualized direct healthcare costs and utilization were ascertained during 36 months after the Y7 examination.ResultsMean total annualized costs (2020 U.S. dollars) steadily increased across category of life‐space score, from $7954 (standard deviation [SD] 16,576) among men with life‐space scores of 101–120 to $26,430 (SD 28,433) among men with life‐space scores of 0–40 (p < 0.001). After adjustment for demographics, men with a life‐space score of 0–40 versus men with a life‐space score of 101–120 had greater mean total costs (cost ratio [CR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.84–3.45) and greater risk of subsequent hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 4.72, 95% CI 2.61–8.53) and skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay (OR 7.32, 95% CI 3.65–14.66). Life‐space score was no longer significantly associated with total healthcare costs (CR for 0–40 vs 101–120 1.29; 95% CI 0.91–1.84) and hospitalization (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.89–3.51) after simultaneous consideration of demographics, medical factors, self‐reported health and function, and the frailty phenotype; the association of life‐space with SNF stay remained significant (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.26–6.49).ConclusionOur results highlight the importance of function and mobility in predicting future healthcare costs and suggest the simple and convenient life‐space score may in part capture risks from major geriatric domains and improve identification of older, community‐dwelling men likely to require costly care.
Total environmental impacts of Japanese material production
Authors: Aoki‐Suzuki Chika , Dente Sébastien M. R. , Tanaka Daisuke , Kayo Chihiro , Murakami Shinsuke , Fujii Chiharu , Tahara Kiyotaka , Hashimoto Seiji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDecoupling well‐being from resource use and its associated environmental impacts through resource efficiency and circular economy has become the mainstream agenda for sustainable development. Resource productivity and material flow indicators have been widely used to evaluate resource decoupling. Several approaches have been introduced in Europe to calculate the life cycle environmental impact of resource use at the macro‐level and assess impact decoupling. However, no studies have been conducted to estimate the overall aggregated environmental impact (total environmental impact) associated with resource use in all resource categories using statistical data at the national level and life cycle inventory databases in Japan. This study is the first assessment of the total environmental impact at the national level in Japan, particularly addressing the production process for 213 materials. The study makes it possible to distinguish the 4 phases for environmental impact generation (foreign supply chain, domestic supply chain, production process, and use), 12 environmental impact areas, and the resource category (biomass, fossil, metal, and non‐metallic mineral) of each material. The study shows that there is a higher impact generated by production and foreign supply chain phases in biomass and fossil resources such as crops, livestock, dairy products, and petroleum and coal products as well as some metals (steel and copper). These results imply that measures to reduce resource use and improve energy efficiency in direct production and foreign supply chains through local resource procurement and further resource‐efficient approaches, including the circular economy, should be prioritized for Japan, with its resource‐scarce and manufacturing‐oriented economy.
The presence of maxillary fourth molar in the Sri Lankan toque monkey (Macaca sinica aurifrons)
Authors: Gabadage Dinesh E. , Rodrigo Kalangi , Manamendra‐Arachchi Kelum N. , Premarathne Sonali Rangika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe the presence of fourth molar teeth in the upper jaw of a subspecies (Macaca sinica aurifrons) of the endemic toque macaque of Sri Lanka. Compared to the first three molars, supernumerary ones were smaller by more than 50%, showed four cuspids in the crowns, and had three roots. This observation contributes to knowledge of orthodontic anomalies presence in primate populations while spotlighting the importance of osteological observation.
Chinese Millenials' happiness and materialism: Explanations from two life‐course theories, self‐esteem, and money‐attitudes
Authors: Inseng Duh Helen , Yu Hong , Ni Yuefeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBorn in an era of single‐child families and raised in the rapidly growing and globally connected milieu where material wealth is ranked at the top of life's achievements, Chinese millennials are feared to be materialistic. We assessed whether this was the case and whether happiness is gained from materialism. By questioning processes through which materialism develops, we examined how self‐esteem, money attitudes and human capital, and socialization life‐course theories explain materialism. We collected data from 207 millennials and conducted structural equation modeling and mediation analyses. We found that Chinese millennials were moderately materialistic and do obtain some happiness from materialism. Materialism was explained by the human capital and socialization life‐course theory, whereby self‐esteem mediated in how family resources received and peer communication during adolescence impacted materialism at young adulthood. Self‐esteem was a good predictor of five money‐attitude dimensions, which can help and hinder materialism depending on the dimension consumers hold.
Factors associated with self‐management practices and self‐efficacy among adults with cancer under treatment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL‐Harithy Fatimah Mohammad , Wazqar Dhuha Youssef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo discover the current state of self‐management practices and levels of self‐efficacy among adults with cancer under treatment in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, and to identify their associated factors.BackgroundThe prevalence of cancer and cancer treatment‐related problems is increasing in Saudi Arabia. However, effective cancer care programmes are not provided in this country.DesignCross‐sectional correlational study.MethodsThis study was conducted with a convenience sample of 130 adults with cancer under treatment from May 2020–August 2020 at the largest tertiary care hospital providing cancer care in the western region, Saudi Arabia. The study methods were compliant with the STROBE checklist. Data were collected by Self‐Care Inventory, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, and sociodemographic and clinical surveys. Descriptive statistics and stepwise linear regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe total score for self‐management practices was 84.38 (SD = 13.66) and self‐efficacy, as a strong associated factor of self‐management, earned a total score of 104.24 (SD = 15.87). Stepwise regression analysis identified self‐efficacy, age and education level as important associated variables, explaining 57.6% of the total variance in self‐management practices. Significant effects of age, gender, marital status and duration of cancer on patients' self‐efficacy were also found.ConclusionsThe levels of self‐management practices and self‐efficacy to manage cancer treatment‐related problems demonstrated by patients with cancer in this study were rated as a medium. Self‐efficacy, age and education level were the significant factors associated with self‐management practices of patients in Saudi Arabia. Age, gender, marital status and duration of cancer were identified as associated factors of self‐efficacy.Relevance to clinical practiceEnhancing patient's adherence to self‐management practices and increase patient's self‐efficacy through adopting educational intervention programmes, considering patient's sociodemographic and disease‐related characteristics, and continuous patient education must be taken into consideration in the cancer management plan.
Creating Versus Negating Togetherness: Perceptual and Emotional Differences in Parent‐Teenager Reported Time
Authors: Milkie Melissa A. , Wray Dana , Boeckmann Irene 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe examine discrepancies between parents' and adolescents' reports of the quantity and the quality, or emotional valence, of time spent together.BackgroundThe question of how much time parents spend with children is vital to scholars and families. Although parents' reports of time with children are taken as standard and reliable, assessing different family actors' perspectives on time together is important to consider.MethodUsing the perspectives of 15–17‐year‐old adolescents and of parents with teenagers aged 15–17 years, we examine reports of parent–teen co‐presence (“in the room with”) and emotions during daily activities. Data are from American Time Use Survey time diaries (2003–2018) and the 2010, 2012, and 2013 Well‐Being Modules.ResultsThere are considerable perceptual discrepancies in the amount of time reported as together. Parents report nearly an hour per day more than teenagers do—with the weekly gap equivalent to about an entire school day. Though the perceptual gap is sizeable, the emotional one is not: both generations experience reported time together as more meaningful, happier, and less stressful than time apart, partly due to the nature of activities and presence of other people. Social statuses, including parental employment and educational attainment, pattern perceptions of time together and well‐being during reported co‐presence.ConclusionUltimately, generational position and social statuses shape perceptions of co‐presence in the form of “creating” versus “negating” classifications of togetherness.
Fetal MRI assessment of posterior fossa anomalies: A review
Authors: Miller Elka , Orman Gunes , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPrenatal ultrasound (US) is the first prenatal imaging tool for screening and evaluation of posterior fossa malformations since it is noninvasive, widely available, and safe for both mother and child. Fetal MRI is a widely used secondary technique to confirm, correct, or complement questionable US findings and plays an essential role in evaluating fetuses with suspected US findings and /or positive family history. The main sequences of fetal MRI consist of T2‐weighted (T2w) ultrafast, single‐shot sequences. Axial, coronal, and sagittal images are typically acquired allowing for a detailed evaluation of the posterior fossa contents. Also, various complimentary sequences, such as T1w, T2*w gradient sequences, or advanced techniques, including diffusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, may provide additional information based on the studied malformation. Inclusion of these techniques should be done with careful risk–benefit analysis. The use of fetal MRI also aims to evaluate for associated anomalies. In addition, prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa malformations is still a challenge but advances in knowledge in human developmental anatomy, genetic, and imaging recognition patterns have enabled us to shed some light on prognostic information that will help with the counseling of families. Finally, high‐resolution late third trimester fetal MRI offers a safe alternative to early postnatal MR imaging, basically taking advantage of the uterine environment as a kind of “maternal incubator.” Our goal is to discuss the spectrum of prenatal posterior fossa pathologies that can be studied by fetal MRI and their key neuroimaging features.
Transitioning to chronic temporomandibular disorder pain: A combination of patient vulnerabilities and iatrogenesis
Authors: Greene Charles S. , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBased on a variety of studies conducted in recent years, some of the factors that might contribute to the negative treatment responses of some TMD patients have been elucidated.MethodsThis paper describes known vulnerability factors that make individuals susceptible to developing temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), as well as those that contribute to the perpetuation of such problems. In addition, the topic of iatrogenesis is discussed as a major contributor to the negative outcomes that can be seen in this field.ResultsAt the patient level, anatomical, psychosocial and genetic factors may contribute to individual vulnerability. The anatomy and pathophysiology of muscles, joints, disc and nerves may all be involved in predisposing to TMD symptoms, especially when the patients have pain elsewhere in the body. Among the psychosocial factors, some features may be elucidated by the DC/TMD axis II, while others (eg illness behaviour, Munchausen syndrome, lack of acceptance of non‐mechanical approaches) require careful evaluation by trained clinicians. Genetic predisposition to first onset TMDs and to chronification of symptoms has been identified for individuals with certain psychological traits, presence of comorbid conditions and certain abnormal clinical manifestations. Regarding iatrogenesis, sins of omission may influence the clinical picture, with the main ones being misdiagnosis and undertreatment. Joint repositioning strategies, occlusal modifications, abuse of oral appliances, use of diagnostic technologies, nocebo effect and complications with intracapsular treatments are the most frequent sins of commission that may contribute to chronification of TMDs. The patients who present with massive occlusal and jaw repositioning changes combined with persistent severe orofacial pain are not a rarity within TMD and orofacial pain canters; these patients are the most difficult ones to manage because of this horrific combination of negative factors.ConclusionsThe information presented in this paper will help clinicians to understand better why some individuals develop temporomandibular disorders, why some of them will progress to becoming chronic patients, and what the appropriate responses may be.
“When my worse fear happened”: Mental health nurses’ responses to the death of a client through suicide
Authors: Morrissey Jean , Higgins Agnes 
Published: May 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The death of a client to suicide evokes a range of grief responses for mental health nurses (MHNs), which vary in intensity according to the nature of the therapeutic relationship with the deceased client.

There are limited qualitative studies on the experiences of nurses working in the community and the personal or professional strategies used by nurses to cope with the death of a client by suicide.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Following a client suicide, MHNs were often left to carry the burden of grief alone and to care for themselves with the support of their family and colleagues.

While all participants perceived the need for support following the death of a client by suicide, they were offered minimal support beyond the debriefing meetings, with their grief experience being largely unacknowledged and disenfranchised.

What are the implications for practice?

MHNs and services need to establish and promote a culture of openness in which suicide is anticipated as a possible outcome, even with excellent standards of care and wherein all staff are supported and encouraged to discuss and reflect on their concerns and fears during the aftermath of a client suicide.

As MHNs are often left to carry the burden of grief alone, services need to recognize the emotional cost of embodied engagement with clients and families and provide the necessary supports.

AbstractIntroductionExperiencing a client's death through suicide is complex and challenging, yet limited research exists on how MHNs might deal with its aftermath.AimThis study aimed to explore the impact and responses of MHNs to a client suicide.MethodThe study design is a secondary analysis of an existing data set involving semi‐structured interview with 33 MHNs that were analysed using the principles of grounded theory. To answer the secondary question on the impact and responses of MHNs to the death of a client by suicide a subset of the data from 10 participants who experienced the death of a client by suicide were re‐analysed using thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the university ethics committee.FindingsThe findings identified five themes: “Hearing the news,” “Experiencing the impact of grief,” “Grieving privately” “Searching for meaning” and “Questioning practice.”DiscussionFindings highlighted that although participants perceived the need for support, they were offered minimal support beyond the debriefing meetings, with their grief experience being largely unacknowledged and disenfranchised.Implications for practiceMHN services need to promote a culture of openness wherein all MHNs are supported and encouraged to discuss their concerns and fears during the aftermath of a client suicide.
Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation improves performance, digestion, blood and immune state of broilers exposure to oxidative stress
Authors: Shi Hanyi , Luo Yiran , Li Yufa , Zhang Feike , Liu Ning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the growth performance, nutrient digestion, blood parameters and immunity of broilers under oxidative stress. Five treatments included negative control, positive control with lipopolysaccharide induction and TMP addition at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of diet using 600 male Arbor Acres broiler chicks. Results showed that during 1–14 days of age, body weight gain and feed efficiency in the positive control were worsened (p < .05) compared with the negative control, while with incremental TMP doses from 0 to 150 mg/kg there were linear and quadratic increases (p < .001) in body weight gain and a linear decrease in feed/gain (p = .001). During 12–14 days of age, with incremental TMP doses, crude protein digestibility was linearly increased (p = .001), and gross energy utilization was linearly and quadratically changed (p < .001). At 14 days of age, the TMP beneficially regulated digestive enzymes, blood parameters and immunoglobulins, showing linear and quadratic responses (p ≤ .008) on trypsin, lipase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glucose, lipoproteins, albumin, immunoglobulins (M, Y), interleukin 6 and interferon α, and only linear changes (p ≤ .030) on amylase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, immunoglobulin A and interleukin 2. Most parameters in TMP groups reached to the levels of negative control and the effects of TMP at 100 or 150 mg/kg were more pronounced on body weight gain, crude protein digestibility, trypsin and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. It is concluded that TMP can be used as a feed additive capable of improving growth, blood parameter and immunity of broiler chicks under oxidative stress.