bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the history of ultra‐high temperature metamorphism through rare earth element diffusion in zircon
Authors: Blereau Eleanore , Clark Chris , Kinny Peter D. , Sansom Eleanor , Taylor Richard J. M. , Hand Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe extent to which solid‐state volume diffusion modifies rare earth element (REE) abundances in accessory minerals during high‐temperature metamorphism governs our ability to link recorded trace‐element compositions to particular thermal events. We model diffusion of REE in zircon under different temperature–time conditions and show that, for both short‐lived (e.g. 1100°C for 1–5 Ma) and more prolonged (e.g. 1050°C for 10–30 Ma or 1000°C for 200 Ma) episodes of ultra‐high‐temperature (UHT) metamorphism, REE diffusion in igneous zircon is sufficiently rapid for REE in a ~50‐μm grain to equilibrate with the new metamorphic mineral assemblage of the host rock. By contrast, unless diffusion is accelerated by recrystallization, the presence of fluids or other processes at temperatures below 900°C zircon will largely retain its original pre‐metamorphic REE abundance pattern, even when the thermal event is long lived (≥100 Ma). Where volume diffusion is dominant, for instance, in the absence of a fluid phase, the sensitivity of REE mobility to temperature can help constrain the temperature–time path of high‐grade metamorphic rocks. Modelling of well‐characterized natural samples from the regional‐scale aureole surrounding the Rogaland Igneous Complex (RIC) in SW Norway shows that variations in REE concentration patterns in zircon indicate a T–t evolution that is consistent with independent P–T–t estimates for regional metamorphism based on phase equilibrium modelling (850–950°C at 7–8 kbar for ~100 Ma). Greater modification of REE abundance patterns in zircons within 2 km of the RIC contact, however, indicates that UHT conditions persisted for ~150 Ma close to the intrusion, with a temperature of ~1100°C for 1–5 Ma at the RIC contact. Thermal modelling suggests that the inferred T–t histories of samples from different distances from the RIC contact are best explained if the complex was emplaced incrementally over 1–5 Ma.
Hind foot drumming: Volumetric micro‐computed tomography investigation of the hind limb musculature of three African mole‐rat species (Bathyergidae)
Authors: Sahd Lauren , Bennett Nigel C. , Kotzé Sanet H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral species of African mole‐rats use seismic signalling by means of hind foot drumming for communication. The present study aimed to create three‐dimensional reconstructions and compare volumetric measurements of 27 muscles of the hind limb of two drumming (Georychus capensis and Bathyergus suillus) and one non‐drumming (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis) species of African mole‐rats. Diffusible iodine contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography (diceCT) scans were performed on six specimens per species. Manual segmentation of the scans using VGMAX Studio imaging software allowed for individual muscles to be separated while automatically determining the volume of each muscle. The volume of the individual muscles was expressed as a percentage of the total hind limb volume and statistically compared between species. Subsequently, three‐dimensional reconstructions of these muscles were created. Musculus gracilis anticus had a significantly larger percentage of the total hind limb muscle volume in both drumming species compared to the non‐drumming C. h. natalensis. Furthermore, several hip and knee extensors, namely mm. gluteus superficialis, semimembranosus, gluteofemoralis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis, had significantly larger muscle volume percentages in the two drumming species (G. capensis and B. suillus) compared to the non‐drumming species. While not statistically significant, G. capensis had larger muscle volume percentages in several key hip and knee extensors compared to B. suillus. Additionally, G capensis had the largest summed percentage of the total hind limb volume in the hip flexor, hip extensor, knee extensor and ankle plantar flexor muscle groups in all the three species. This could be indicative of whole muscle hypertrophy in these muscles due to fast eccentric contractions that occur during hind foot drumming. However, significantly larger muscle volume percentages were observed in the scratch digging B. suillus compared to the other two chisel tooth digging species. Moreover, while not statistically significant, B. suillus had larger muscle volume percentages in several hip extensor and knee flexor muscles compared to G. capensis (except for m. vastus lateralis). These differences could be due to the large relative size of this species but could also be influenced by the scratch digging strategy employed by B. suillus. Therefore, while the action of hind foot drumming seems to influence certain key muscle volumes, digging strategy and body size may also play a role.
Cannabinoids for skin diseases and hair regrowth
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of cannabis for skin diseases and hair regrowth is at the preliminary stage.LegalizationMany countries have approved cannabis for medical use; however, four countries Canada, Uruguay, South Africa, and Georgia have legalized it for both medical and recreational purposes.The endocannabinoid systemThe endocannabinoid system may maintain skin homeostasis; two notable endocannabinoids include 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and N‐arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA).Routes of administration and pharmacokineticsTopical cannabinoids can avoid the first‐pass metabolism and reduce respiratory side effects; however, the high hydrophobicity of cannabinoids may hinder percutaneous absorption.Skin disorders and hair growthHuman clinical studies suggest that cannabinoids may be used in eczema, acne, pruritus, and systemic sclerosis treatment. Cannabidiol (CBD) may enhance hair growth via multiple mechanisms.SafetyTopical cannabis may cause mild side effects such as pruritus, burning, erythema, and stinging; they are relatively safer than inhalation and oral cannabis. Cannabis use may be associated with allergic symptoms and reduced immune response to live vaccination.Cannabinoids in practiceDespite growing interest, dermatologists should be cautious prescribing cannabinoids due to insufficient clinical data on both efficacy and safety.
Impacts of different antioxidants sources on semen quality and sperm fertilizing ability of Muscovy ducks under high ambient temperature
Authors: Fouda Sara F. , Khattab Ahmed A.A. , El Basuini Mohammed F.M. , El‐Ratel Ibrahim T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe potentiality of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), D‐Aspartic acids (D‐Asp), Maca or vitamin C, as antioxidant agents, to reduce negative impacts of high ambient temperature on semen quality, oxidative capacity and fertility of Muscovy ducks was investigated. Seventy‐five Muscovy males (34‐wk of age) were distributed randomly into five experimental groups of fifteen ducks each. The first group was fed a basal diet without supplementation and served as a control. The other four groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg CoQ10, 400 mg D‐Asp, 500 mg Maca and 200 mg vitamin C (ascorbic acid) per kg diet for 17 consecutive weeks under high ambient temperature conditions. The dietary inclusion of antioxidants significantly maintains better semen variables and a higher fertility rate either for fresh or preserved semen. Among the tested antioxidants, the Maca group showed the best status and outperformed the others in terms of motility, viability, sperm cell concentration, intact acrosome and membrane integrity percentages, total proteins, total antioxidants capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, and the fertility rate for the fresh semen, as well as, forward motility, SOD and MDA for the preserved semen. The CoQ10 showed similar results to Maca in some measurements. Conversely, the basal diet had the poorest performance in all examined variables. The dietary incorporation of antioxidants (Maca or CoQ10) enhances fresh and preserved semen quantity and quality, as well as the fertility rate of Muscovy males under high ambient temperature conditions.
Habitual caffeine intake affects implant osseointegration: An in vivo study
Authors: Omar Omar , Abuohashish Hatem M. , Alkhamis Taleb , Al‐Qarni Faisal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of habitual caffeine (CAF) intake on stability, bone regeneration, and expression of bone markers at the bone‐implant interface.BackgroundStudies show that habitual CAF alters bone health and remodeling. Yet, there is no information regarding CAF effects on osseointegration of bone‐anchored implants.MethodsWistar rats were divided into two groups: one received tap drinking water alone (control) and the other received tap water with CAF (300 mg/L). After 12 weeks, their tibiae received screw‐shaped titanium implants. After another 12 weeks, CAF (n = 5) and control (n = 5) animals were sacrificed and the implant stability was evaluated using a removal torque (RTQ) device. Thereafter, the implants were processed for gene expression analysis, and the implantation sites were harvested for histology. Implants with the surrounding bone were dissected en bloc and subjected to micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).ResultsThe results showed that implants in the CAF group had an 87% significant increase in RTQ compared to the control. Further, micro‐CT revealed a higher proportion of mineralized bone filling the implant threads in the CAF group. The molecular analysis indicated higher expression of bone formation (ALP), remodeling (CatK), and vascularization (VEGF) genes in implant‐adherent cells in the CAF group. Histology suggested increased vascularity in the tissue surrounding the implant in the CAF group.ConclusionsWithin the limit of this study, it is concluded that habitual CAF intake conveys a positive, promoting effect on long‐term osseointegration. Clinical studies are worth pursuing to verify this experimental observation.
Lessons learned in the development of a nurse‐led family centered approach to developing a holistic comprehensive clinic and integrative holistic care plan for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Love Lamara , Newmeyer Amy , Ryan‐Wenger Nancy , Noritz Garey , Skeens Micah A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClinical ProblemChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) typically receive care from multiple specialty providers including Developmental Pediatrics, Orthopedics, Physical Medicine, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, Clinical Social Work, Clinical Nutrition, Nursing and Orthotists, which often require many individual visits to the hospital annually. The potential for conflicting plans of care is increased by this fragmented approach, which may lead to duplication of services and increased healthcare costs.SolutionTo address the problem and alleviate burden for families, the Comprehensive Cerebral Palsy Program implemented a nurse‐led comprehensive interdisciplinary team approach to provide optimal care coordination to patients and families, using an Integrative Holistic Care Plan (IHCP). During an annual 3–4 hour Comprehensive CP Clinic appointment, a team of specialists meets with the family, and a holistic, evidence‐based plan of care is developed. The family‐centered care plan includes summaries of each discipline's plan of care with individualized goals, recommendations, and evidence‐based outcomes. After the visit, the plan of care is communicated with the family, primary care provider, and other community providers to ensure continuity of care.ResultsEarly in the program and electronic IHCP development stage, clinical, and financial outcomes were improved. In addition to significant cost savings, family satisfaction surveys showed continuous improvement in the areas of access, communication, and coordination of care.Practice ImplicationsNurses working in interdisciplinary clinics are in a position to facilitate improved outcomes by developing and implementing a family‐centered care plan that provides a comprehensive holistic approach to impacting the areas of quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of care delivery. The use of an IHCP decreases fragmentation of care and duplication of services leading to healthcare cost savings and enhanced patient satisfaction.
Predisposing factors of daytime sleepiness in obese OSA patients
Authors: Conradt Regina , Redhardt Felicitas , Beutel Björn , Hildebrandt Olaf , Cassel Werner , Kesper Karl , Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Wulf , Koehler Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

SummaryExcessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. We investigated predisposing factors of excessive daytime sleepiness by comparing obese non‐sleepy with sleepy patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Excessive daytime sleepiness was determined by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in 43 patients (34 men and 9 women) with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr) and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg m−2). Two subgroups were formed with (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 11) and without (Epworth Sleepiness Scale < 11) excessive daytime sleepiness. The concept of excessive daytime sleepiness was compared with other established daytime performance tests (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Pupillographic Sleepiness Test, Marburger Vigilance test). Associations were calculated between excessive daytime sleepiness and demographic, metabolic and polysomnographic data. We included 19 sleepy patients (mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 15.2) and 24 non‐sleepy patients (mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 5.8). Epworth Sleepiness Scale was negatively correlated with age and morning cortisol. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was positively correlated with body mass index, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Beck’s Depression Inventory and Marburger Vigilance test. Sleepy obese patients were significantly younger (mean 49.1 years), showed lower morning cortisol level (mean 9.41 μg L−1) and a trend to higher body mass index (mean 37.5 kg m−²) compared with non‐sleepy obese patients (mean: 59.3 years, 5.7 μg L−1, 34.6 kg m−², respectively). Many different excessive daytime sleepiness phenotypes are probably enclosed in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were best reflected by the objective Marburger Vigilance test results. The objective test can be particularly useful in cohorts where subjective reports are unreliable and operational readiness is paramount. Sleepy and non‐sleepy obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea were similar in all polysomnographic parameters. Sleepy patients were younger, heavier and showed lower morning cortisol levels than non‐sleepy patients.
Mg isotope variations in microphases of unequilibrated enstatite chondrites
Authors: Sikdar Jinia , Rai Vinai K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnesium, a major mineral‐forming element of the inner solar system, is partitioned between the silicate and the unique sulfidic phases (niningerite, MgS) of enstatite chondrites (ECs) owing to the formation of EC under exceptionally reducing conditions. In this study, we have carried out mineralogical characterization of the distinct Mg‐ and Si‐bearing phases of unequilibrated ECs (EH3). To evaluate the Mg isotope variations in such reduced planetary bodies, we have analyzed the Mg isotope composition of several enstatitic silicate phases, matrices (composed of mixed proportions of silicate and sulfidic phases), and bulk meteorite fractions micro milled from three EH3 chondrites. We found that the stable Mg isotope composition (expressed as δ25Mg) of the microphase separates of EH3 chondrites ranged from −0.216 ± 0.014‰ to −0.094 ± 0.014‰. Despite the dispersion in Mg isotope values, the average δ25Mg of the silicate fractions of the studied EH3 chondrites was similar to its matrix and bulk meteorite fractions. Mass‐dependent Mg isotope fractionation was evinced among the phase separates of EH3 chondrites with the slope of the fractionation line on a δ25Mg versus δ26Mg plot being closer to kinetic fractionation trend. Experimental and theoretical considerations hint that Mg isotope exchange between the silicate and sulfide phases might have generated the observed Mg isotope variations among the microphase separates of EH3 chondrites. Based on our Mg isotope data, in combination with the Si isotope composition obtained in the same aliquot of silicate–matrix fractions of EH3 chondrites and its subsolar Al/Si ratio, we suggest that the high abundance of Si in EC (due to the partitioning of Si among diverse silicates, silica, and metallic phases) and the loss of Mg and refractory components from EC‐forming regions could explain the lower Mg/Si ratio of EC compared to that of ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites.
A transposon‐mediated reciprocal translocation promotes environmental adaptation but compromises domesticability of wild soybeans
Authors: Wang Weidong , Chen Liyang , Wang Xutong , Duan Jingbo , Flynn Rachel D. , Wang Ying , Clark Chancelor B. , Sun Lianjun , Zhang Dajian , Wang Diane R. , Kessler Sharon A. , Ma Jianxin 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Large structural variations frequently occur in higher plants; however, the impact of such variations on plant diversification, adaptation and domestication remains elusive.

Here, we mapped and characterised a reciprocal chromosomal translocation in soybeans and assessed its effects on diversification and adaptation of wild (Glycine soja) and semiwild (Glycine gracilis) soybeans, and domestication of cultivated soybean (Glycine max), by tracing the distribution of the translocation in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and population genetics analysis.

We demonstrate that the translocation occurred through CACTA transposon‐mediated chromosomal breakage in wild soybean c. 0.34 Ma and is responsible for semisterility in translocation heterozygotes and reduces their reproductive fitness. The translocation has differentiated Continental (i.e. China and Russia) populations from Maritime (i.e. Korea and Japan) populations of G. soja and predominately adapted to cold and dry climates. Further analysis revealed that the divergence of G. max from G. soja predates the translocation event and that G. gracilis is an evolutionary intermediate between G. soja and G. max.

Our results highlight the effects of a chromosome rearrangement on the processes leading to plant divergence and adaptation, and provides evidence that suggests G. gracilis, rather than G. soja, as the ancestor of cultivated soybean.
Twelve‐Month results from multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled clinical trial comparing differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and traditional spinal cord stimulation in subjects with chronic intractable back pain and leg pain
Authors: Fishman Michael , Cordner Harold , Justiz Rafael , Provenzano David , Merrell Christopher , Shah Binit , Naranjo Julian , Kim Philip , Calodney Aaron , Carlson Jonathan , Bundschu Richard , Sanapati Mahendra , Mangal Vipul , Vallejo Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well‐established treatment for chronic intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs; however, low back pain (LBP) is difficult to treat using traditional SCS. Differential Target Multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) is an advanced approach inspired from animal studies demonstrating improved pain‐related behavior and pain‐relevant biological processes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of DTM SCS and traditional SCS in treating chronic LBP and leg pain (LP).MethodsThis prospective, postmarket randomized controlled trial compared DTM SCS to traditional SCS in patients with chronic LBP and LP. Primary end point was LBP responder rate (percentage of subjects with ≥ 50% relief) at 3 months. Noninferiority and superiority were assessed. Other outcomes included mean change in back and leg pain, responder rates, disability, global health, satisfaction, and safety profile throughout the 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐eight subjects were randomized across 12 centers (67 DTM SCS and 61 traditional SCS). Of the 94 patients implanted, 46 subjects in each group completed the 3‐month assessment. LBP responder rate of 80.1% with DTM SCS was superior to 51.2% with traditional SCS (p = 0.0010). Mean LBP reduction (5.36 cm) with DTM SCS was greater than reduction (3.37 cm) with traditional SCS (p < 0.0001). These results were sustained at 6 months and 12 months. Safety profiles were similar between treatment groups.ConclusionSuperiority of DTM SCS compared with traditional SCS for chronic LBP was demonstrated. Clinical improvements provided by DTM SCS were sustained over 12 months and are expected to significantly impact the management of chronic LBP.
Factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS): A study on persons with serious mental illness living in the community
Authors: Sánchez Jennifer , Estrada‐Hernández Noel , Booth Jamar , Pan Deyu 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesResilience, the ability to bounce back from a stressful situation, is a valuable asset for aiding adults with serious mental illness (SMI) in navigating the recovery process. People with SMI experience stress, including traumatic experiences at disproportionate rates. The purposes of this study were to examine the factor structure, internal reliability, and construct validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) among adults with SMI living in the community.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlational analyses were employed.MethodsThree hundred fifteen adults with SMI were recruited for two studies (Sample 1, n = 122; Sample 2, n = 193) from three states. All participants completed the BRS along with nearly identical positive psychology‐ and psychopathology‐related measures.ResultsEFA revealed the BRS was unidimensional and explained 61.20% of the variance. Results from seven CFA models suggested a bifactor structure for the BRS, which fit the data best. Internal reliability of the BRS was computed to be within acceptable ranges (α = .87, ω = .90). The BRS was positively correlated with measures of positive coping and life satisfaction, providing convergent validity. Divergent validity was supported by negative correlations between the BRS and measures of psychiatric symptoms, succumbing, and self‐stigma.ConclusionsThe BRS is a valid measure that can be used by clinical and research professionals to assess levels of resilience in adults with SMI at baseline and across time.Practitioner points

The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was developed to measure a person’s ability to bounce back from stressful situations.

The BRS was examined in adults with serious mental illness living in the community.

The BRS presented a bifactor structure measuring resilience (an outcome) and correlated with positive psychology‐ and psychopathology‐related measures.

The BRS can be used by practitioners to assess levels of resilience in their clients at baseline and over time to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.