bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN TEKNIK FREE WRITING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS CERITA PENDEK PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI SMK SANGKURIANG 1 CIMAHI
Authors: Nur Fadila Alya 
Published: December 2024

This research is motivated by the low short story writing ability of vocational students in the Indonesian language subject. This study aims to see the effectiveness of free writing techniques through students' short story writing skills. The method in this research is quantitative research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI at SMK Sangkuriang 1 Cimahi. The instruments used in this study were interview sheets, response questionnaires to learning, and student questionnaires. The material used in this research is writing short stories. Pretest and posttest data on the free writing technique of short story writing skills were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 software. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of short story writing ability before the free writing technique was applied showed that there were deficiencies in the experimental class compared to the control class. The experimental class got 69,33 and the control class got 73,17. Analysis of short story writing ability after applying free writing techniques showed a significant increase in results. The experimental class got a score of 84,33 while the control class got a score of 78,17. Learning with the free writing technique shows the effectiveness of students' writing skills because they get an increase of 6,16.

Keywords: Effectiveness, free writing techniques, short story writing skills.
Development of excavator arm movement with wireless control using Bluetooth and the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Huda Feblil , Herisiswanto Herisiswanto , Afrizal Efi , Bayulesmana Fajar 
Published: December 2024

This research is to develop a wired control system into a wireless control system on a laboratory scale mini excavator. First step is to review the development of the drive system and control system on previous excavator models, change the pneumatic drive system to electro-pneumatic, changing the control system from wired control to wireless control using Bluetooth and Internet of Things (IoT) system. The excavator with scale 1:14 is driven by a pneumatic system. The movement of the actuator is controlled using a wired remote, so that the working area is still limited to a certain area. The pneumatic control system on previous excavators was developed into an electro-pneumatic control system. Electro-pneumatic control system by replacing the 5/2-way directional valve with a 5/3-way double solenoid directional valve. With this valve, the movement of the excavator arms can be adjusted according to the operator’s wishes. The wired control system was developed into a wires control system including the Bluetooth system and the Internet of Things (IoT). Important components in these two control systems are Arduino Mega 2560, WEMOS D1 R32, 16 channel relay, and HC05 module. The excavator model with the development of a new control system has unchanged dimensions from the previous model. The excavator arms still use the previous excavator arms as well as the traveler with the same undercarriage. Only the body housing the control system is adapted to the new component layout area. Testing the wireless remote system is at a distance of around 30 meters, while the IoT remote system at a distance of around 1.5 km. The movement of each step is easier to regulate because it uses a 5/3-way directional valve. The time used for each step is also less than previous excavator models
Development of an experimental energy complex based on a boiler plant with an automated burner for its energy use
Authors: Kassym Ruslan , Bakhtiyar Balzhan , Tokmoldayev Amanzhol , Tursunbayeva Gulzhamal , Korobkov Maxim , Issakhanov Muratbek , Manapova Gulzagira , Mergalimova Almagul , Baimukhanbetov Almas 
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is a sustainable energy complex designed to convert biomass and livestock waste into thermal energy. The problem being solved is the reduction of environmental pollution in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan through effective waste management. The complex includes a biofuel production plant, a biogas synthesis plant, and an optimized heat generator in the form of a biogas-fired hot water boiler.
The problem being solved is the need to use renewable energy sources that reduce the impact of agricultural waste on the environment while providing a reliable source of energy. Existing biogas technologies are often inefficient, especially in the processing of various agricultural wastes, and require innovation to meet the unique needs of rural farms.
The main result of the study was the creation of an experimental biogas-powered heat generator with a capacity of 21.9 kW. The complex successfully recycles waste by producing biogas, which feeds a hot water boiler, providing thermal energy and reducing dependence on traditional fuels. Laboratory tests have confirmed the high efficiency of the biogas system, and optimal fermentation parameters have been determined for the effective production of biogas.
The results show that the thermophilic operating mode (52–55 °C) ensures maximum biogas output, and the modular design of the system and the low-pressure gas tank increase practicality for small and medium farms. The complex offers an environmentally friendly solution by converting biomass into energy, which can be used in agricultural enterprises with access to organic waste. This innovative system not only promotes sustainability but also enhances energy independence for rural communities
Generation, evaluation and comparison of DNA-based (pseudo) random sequences
Authors: Gorbenko Ivan , Derevianko Yaroslav 
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the methods and algorithms for computing, evaluating, and comparing DNA-based pseudorandom sequences (PRSs) and random sequences (RSs). This paper addresses the task of extracting (P)RSs with the required stochastic and statistical properties from a DNA noise source, experimentally validating these properties in compliance with the requirements of current international standards, as well as evaluating and comparing the sequences obtained for different DNA samples. The results are the developed algorithms for generating DNA-based (P)RSs, improved algorithms for their comparison, and proposals for the process of evaluating their properties. For the output of implemented algorithms, more than 96 % of the bit streams of sequences successfully pass all statistical tests, and the entropy per bit for RSs is close to 1. A special feature of the developed generation algorithms is the use of validated conditioning component – block cipher in CTR mode – which explains the possibility of obtaining unique random data with required properties. The peculiarity of the proposed evaluation algorithm is the complexity of the tests and checks used: complete assessment of statistical properties and entropy values. Special features of the improved comparison algorithms are resource saving and the ability to evaluate much larger data sets. This is due to the use of structures and data types that are better in terms of memory usage and flexible cryptographic primitives with different modes.
The results could be practically applied to constructs where randomness is required: for computing the keys and system-wide parameters, when performing transformations as part of hash functions, while obtaining sequences of an arbitrary alphabet, in zero-knowledge protocols, etc.
Identifying risks for effective maintenance of renewable energy plants in the new green Capital City of Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Faishal , Whulanza Yudan 
Published: December 2024

This study explores the use of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to identify and mitigate risks in Solar Power Plants (PLTS) in Indonesia’s new National Capital City (IKN). As renewable energy is vital to Indonesia’s sustainability goals, managing risks in PLTS is essential for ensuring reliable and efficient energy production.
The research identifies key challenges such as PV Array module failures, shading effects, and control system disruptions, which significantly impact electricity generation. Using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology, the study ranks PV Array modules as the highest risk component (RPN 192), followed by Control and Management Systems (RPN 140) and PV Circuit Breakers and Video Monitoring Systems (RPN 120). These findings underline the need for targeted mitigation strategies.
Recommendations include regular PV module inspections, hotspot monitoring technology, firmware updates, and enhanced fire protection systems. Preventive measures like grounding current maintenance and fire sensor upgrades further minimize operational disruptions, ensuring component durability and system efficiency.
By leveraging the FMEA framework, this study systematically identifies and prioritizes risks while providing actionable solutions to enhance operational resilience. The results align with Indonesia’s vision of achieving 80 % renewable energy utilization in IKN by 2045.
This research offers broader applicability for renewable energy systems in similar contexts, contributing to clean energy initiatives, reducing fossil fuel dependency, and supporting sustainable urban planning. It serves as a critical resource for integrating renewable energy into Indonesia’s green and resilient capital city vision
Construction of a simulation model of the work of a transport and forwarding enterprise in organizing multimodal cargo transportation
Authors: Lebid Ievgenii , Luzhanska Nataliia , Lebid Iryna , Mazurenko Alexander , Roi Maksym , Mykhailenko Iryna , Yelnikova Lidiia , Tihov Oleksii 
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the process of rendering transport and forwarding services when organizing multimodal cargo transportation in international traffic.
The task to tackle was predetermined by the need to devise recommendations for choosing the optimal cargo transportation route, taking into account the individual requirements of the customer and performance indicators of the forwarders at the transport and forwarding company.
A simulation model of the work of a transport and forwarding company in the organization of multimodal transportation of goods was built and implemented in the GPSS World simulation automation software. The model involves the optimization of the duration of service provision and makes it possible to determine the required number of transportation department specialists to enable effective cooperation with customers.
When constructing the model, the duration of business processes in the organization of multimodal transportation was taken into account. In addition, the model accounts for the probability of errors and service delays, as well as the average delay time when errors occur, which will make it possible to take into account the additional work time of the forwarder to eliminate them.
The application of the built model in practice will allow specialists at transport and forwarding companies to organize multimodal transportation according to several alternative routes that meet the individual needs of the customer. It will also make it possible to determine the optimal number of forwarders needed to work at the multimodal transportation department.
In this case, the duration of rendering transport and forwarding services will be reduced by 12–16 %, the waiting time in queues for service will decrease by 9–13 %, and the efficiency of the work of specialists at the multimodal transportation department will increase by 9–14 %
Development of an approach to the construction of an adapted model for ensuring the thermal readiness processes of a vehicle based on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions
Authors: Gritsuk Igor , Pohorletskyi Dmytro , Bulgakov Mykola , Khudiakov Igor , Volodarets Mykyta , Smyrnov Oleh , Korohodskyi Volodymyr , Symonenko Roman , Holovashchenko Oleksii , Hrytsuk Valerii 
Published: December 2024

The research object is the processes of changes in fuel consumption and harmful emissions of engines and vehicles during their operation.
The investigated problem consists in the lack of an approach to the construction of an adapted model for analytical studies of the thermal readiness processes of vehicles with petrol-powered engines.
An approach to ensuring vehicle thermal preparation based on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions is proposed. The essence of the improved algorithm and model lies in accounting for the specifics of warm-up processes based on the developed thermal preparation cycle for vehicle engines.
A feature of the improved approach is the incorporation of experimental research results and features of thermal preparation processes.
The field of practical application of the improved approach is the thermal readiness processes of vehicles with engines adapted to work on gasoline and LPG, focusing on fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions.
Improvements have been made to the enlarged algorithm of the mathematical model for ensuring vehicle thermal preparation processes. This includes considering fuel supply and thermal readiness features, as well determining fuel consumption and emissions.
The peculiarity of the proposed model is that it allows systematic simulation of thermal preparation processes, taking into account factors and processes that cannot be investigated experimentally. This is validated by the model’s adequacy test, showing that data deviation is within the statistical error range from 4.4 to 5.2 %.
The application of the developed approach ensures comprehensive consideration of the specifics of thermal preparation processes and supports decision-making for evaluating results according to the relevant criteria
Designing optimal geometry of the radius die for broaching cases
Authors: Markov Oleg , Zinskyi Volodymyr , Shevtsov Serhii , Hrudkina Natalia 
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is the technological process of broaching cartridge cases through a radius die on a mandrel. The work is aimed at solving the actual scientific and technical task of improving the technological process of broaching on a mandrel through a die in the manufacture of cartridge-case type forgings, which provides an increase in the stability of broaching dies. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the processes of broaching cartridge cases through the die. As a result, a rational geometry of the radius die has been established. Recommendations for designing new die structures have been devised, which involve determining the rational radius of rounding of the working part of the die. The established recommendations have been verified by experimental studies. The broaching of cartridge cases through a die with a working radius surface should be carried out at relative radius R/d=3.0. In this case, stress intensity decreased by 7...17 %, average compressive stresses decreased by 8...15 %, and normal pressure decreased by 10...15 % compared to smaller rounding radii. The resulting force on the working surface of the die decreased by 40...55 %, and the radial component of this force decreased by 50 %. It was found that the working surface of the die is heated to a temperature of 750...850 °C, but the rounding radius R/d=3.0 provides a reduction in the volume of this zone by 1.5...1.9 times. The resulting relative rounding radius of the die was tested under industrial conditions, which confirmed that the broaching force for this radius is lower by 15...20 %, and the stability of such a die increased by 20 %. It is recommended to use radius dies for broaching high cartridge cases. The results could also be applied at enterprises during the production of dual-purpose parts
Identifying the effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant and dispersed pcb-based particles as a novel heat treatment quenchant on the hardness of S45C medium carbon steel
Authors: Putra Wahyuaji Narottama , Ariati Myrna , Siradj Eddy Sumarno , Suharno Bambang 
Published: December 2024

In this study, the effect of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate (SDBS) addition as a surfactant on the performance of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) particle-dispersed quenchant in terms of thermal conductivity, particle stability, the microstructure and hardness of S45C medium carbon steel has been investigated. Conventional quenchants have fixed, uncontrollable cooling rates. Adding solid particles creates a thermal bridge, enabling adjustable cooling rates to address this limitation. The solid particles in the quenchant were synthesized from PCB. The surfactant helps to improve particle dispersion and avoid agglomeration by modifying the surface tension between the particles and the fluid. PCB particle-dispersed media have been prepared and used as quenchants to study the effect of PCB dispersion, and its concentrations on the heat transfer rate during quenching. Based on this research results, particle stability measurement by zeta potential shows the stability improvement up to –21.53 mV after 7wt % of surfactant addition, compared to distilled water. Due to the better particle dispersion, the thermal conductivity of the quenchant is also improved by 39 %, maximized at 0.82 W/mK when compared with the quenchant without surfactant at only 0.61 W/mK. Furthermore, the quenched steel hardness also increases by 29 %, maximized at 58 HRC at 7wt % surfactant and 0.3wt % PCB particles composition. The Dispersed PCB particles in the quenchant allow the heat flow from high to lower temperature efficiently. The experimental results show that a water-based quench medium with PCB particle dispersion is an alternative quench medium to obtain a more controlled cooling rate in steel heat treatment and is one solution for utilizing PCB electronic waste
Substantiating the parametric temperature mode during a fire on transformers placed inside protective structures
Authors: Palchykov Roman , Ballo Yaroslav , Nizhnyk Vadym , Mykhailov Viktor , Gavryliuk Andrii , Loik Vasyl , Synelnikov Oleksandr , Synelnikov Serhii , Stepanenko Vitalii , Nuianzin Oleksandr 
Published: December 2024

The object of this study was the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures. Investigating the change in temperature during a fire on transformers located in protective structures is one of the priority tasks for protecting the economy and national security of the country. The studies solved the problem of fire resistance of the enclosing structures of protective structures in which the transformer is located. The fire resistance of enclosing structures has been confirmed by meeting the conditions related, in particular, to the calculated value of the critical temperature of the material.
The selection of the calculation scenario for investigating the temperature regime during a fire on a transformer located in a protective structure was carried out according to two scenarios of the occurrence and spread of fires. The study demonstrated temperature changes in the protective structure during the burning of the transformer based on data of the temperature sensor installed at heights of 1 m, 10 m, and 18 m above the place of occurrence of combustion. Certain conditions were taken into account for the calculation scenarios of the spread of fire and changes in the temperature effect on building structures. Cases when an automatic water fire extinguishing system is functioning and not functioning in the protective structure were taken into account.
In order to substantiate the temperature regime during a transformer fire, the conditions of the greatest impact of temperature on building structures were adopted. The following conditions were accepted: there is no automatic fire extinguishing system in the protective room; temperature sensor readings were located at a level of 18 m from the floor level of the protective structure. The calculation of the temperature regime during a transformer fire, which is located in the protective structure, was carried out using a field model, employing the reaction of simple stoichiometry (transformer oil can contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms).
Based on the results of this study, a modified temperature regime during a fire on transformers located in protective structures was substantiated. The maximum temperature range for a developed fire was from 900 °C to 1100 °C.
A standardized time (up to 30 minutes) has also been established during which the building structures of protective structures must withstand the effects of the modified temperature regime
Devising a method for detecting information threats in the Ukrainian cyber space based on machine learning
Authors: Vysotska Victoria , Nazarkevych Mariia , Vladov Serhii , Lozynska Olga , Markiv Oksana , Romanchuk Roman , Danylyk Vitalii 
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is a disinformation detection process based on search algorithms for identifying fake news. The main task was to define a set of criteria and parameters for detecting the Ukrainian-language disinformation based on machine learning. A methodology has been considered for developing and filling a dataset of fakes for further training of the model and testing it for the purpose of identifying disinformation and propaganda, as well as determining the attributes of primary sources and routes of their distribution. This makes it possible to reasonably approach the definition of a model for forecasting the development of information threats in the cyberspace of Ukraine. In particular, the accuracy of automatic detection of the probability of disinformation in texts can be increased. For the English-language texts using balanced datasets for training when applying classical machine learning classifiers, the accuracy of identification and recognition of fakes is ³90 %, and for the Ukrainian-language texts – ³52 % and £90 %. That has made it possible to devise requirements for the structure and content of a typical dataset of fakes in the period after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The practical result of this work is the designed decision-making support system for monitoring, detecting, recognizing, and forecasting information threats in the cyberspace of Ukraine based on NLP and machine learning. The implementation of preliminary processing of the Ukrainian-language news, taking into account the linguistic features of the language in the text, increases the accuracy of fake identification by »1.72 times. Approaches to the construction of models for forecasting the development of information threats in cyberspace have been developed, which is an urgent task when fake news and information manipulation can affect public sentiment, politics, and the economy