bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of platelet distribution width in patients with mild COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Yan , Fan Zhe , Wang Shuang , Zhuang Chengjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has a worldwide distribution; however, there is no effective diagnosis marker, especially for the mild‐type COVID‐19. The purpose of the current study was to identify parameters for mild‐type COVID‐19. We retrospectively analyzed a single‐center data of patients with mild COVID‐19. Forty patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were enrolled. Peripheral blood indices between the admission and discharge times were collected and analyzed. The platelet distribution width (PDW) was shown to be an indicator of significant change. The receiver operating characteristic curve for PDW was 0.7; the sensitivity and specificity for PDW were 82.5% and 55.0%, respectively. Therefore, a potential diagnostic value of PDW for mild‐type COVID‐19 was demonstrated.
Community dental health coordinators’ role in community‐based pediatric dental education
Authors: Mitchell Stephen C. , West Cherri A. , Lockwood Stuart A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Dentistry utilized a Community Dental Health Coordinator (CDHC) to transform a community‐based dental education rotation into a positive learning experience for senior dental students. Based in a county health department's Women, Infant, and Children's (WIC) clinic and dental clinic, the initial rotation before implementation of the CDHC was received poorly by students and community partners. This paper reports how CDHC involvement improved student experiences with pediatric patients.MethodsIn 2018, the CDHC embedded in the WIC clinic where student rotations occur and developed relationships with the community partners to identify key issues. The CDHC then implemented qualitative improvements, including a restructured workflow, preparatory educational modules, and assessment systems to address the issues. Student performance reports, focus group discussions, and a postgraduation questionnaire provided data for evaluation of performance.ResultsBy year 3, dental appointments for patients under age 6 increased, resulting in 95% of UAB students seeing this age patient; 74% completed four or more. Three‐quarters of students reported performing restorative procedures on children. Student and community partner acceptance of the rotation also improved. Postgraduation questionnaires (32% response rate) indicate 35% of graduates continue to treat Medicaid patients after graduation.ConclusionThe CDHC's unique skills in community relationship‐building, community‐based dental screenings, and pediatric dental care coordination produced measurable improvements in community participation and student clinical experiences. The CDHC can be a vital part of dental education, especially in community education settings. Community‐based dental education generated measurable improvements in students’ clinical experiences.
Cypsela diversity in some members of Compositae through LM study and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Sikder Arunima , Moktan Saurav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCompositae (Asteraceae), also known as the sunflower family has evolved to become the most diverse and advanced angiosperm family. However, with high diversity, taxonomic complexities also arise at several levels. A reliable tool in resolving such taxonomic conundrums in this family is the characteristic fruit of Compositae known as “cypsela.” While most of the previous cypsela‐based studies have focused on specific tribes and species of Compositae, in this study, we shift our focus to the genus level and seek a broader understanding of the taxonomic relationships that prevail in this family. In order to achieve this, we sampled 25 genera of Compositae and subjected them to qualitative and quantitative analysis to resolve them into groups based on the degree of similarity. This study was conducted by employing light microscopy techniques for gathering the qualitative and quantitative morphological data of the cypselae. The qualitative data were collected on six key morphological characteristics—shape, color, base, surface ornamentation, ribs, and pappus types for all the members. These data were used to yield an artificial dichotomous key to genera for the 25 members. The quantitative data on dimensions (length, breadth) of the entire cypsela as well as the pappus and ribs were subjected to principal component analysis, to understand the covariance among these variables. Hierarchical clustering followed by dendrogram construction was used to visualize the patterns of correlation within the samples and make taxonomic conclusions. The resulting dendrogram showed four closely related clades that consisted of 23 out of the 25 members whereas 2 members emerged as outgroups. The results of this study commensurate with DNA‐based resolution of the concerned Compositae members, hence highlighting the reliability and significance of both light microscopy and morphology‐based studies that seem to be fading away otherwise.
Effect of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Kılıç Vahti , Gök Adem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different polishing systems on the surface roughness of various bulk‐fill and nano‐filled resin‐based composites using different methods. For the study, a total of 192 disc‐shaped samples (10‐mm wide and 2‐mm thick) were prepared from four different bulk‐fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X‐tra fil, Beautifil‐Bulk Restorative and Fill Up) and two nano‐filled resin‐based composites (Ceram.x SphereTEC and Filtek Z550). The samples in each composite group were divided into four subgroups according to the polishing system to be used (n = 8). Four different polishing systems (Sof‐Lex Diamond, Clearfil Twist Dia, HiLuster Plus, OptiDisc) were applied. Then, surface roughness measurements were carried out using a contact‐type profilometer. One sample from each group was subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations. Surface roughness (Ra) values were statistically analyzed in terms of composites and polishing systems using the two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons among groups were performed using the Tukey test (α = .05). Surface roughness values differed significantly in relation to the composite and polishing system used (p < .05). Among all composites, the lowest surface roughness values were obtained in the groups treated with the OptiDisc polishing system (except Beautifil‐Bulk Restorative), whereas the highest roughness values were observed in the group polished with Clearfil Twist Dia (except Filtek Z550). X‐tra fil showed the highest roughness value with all polishing systems tested. The findings of AFM analyses were consistent with profilometric measurements. The nano‐filled resin‐based composites showed smoother surface than bulk‐fill composites and the type of the polishing systems was found to affect surface roughness.
Scanning electron microscopy analysis of marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate, tricalcium silicate cement, and dental amalgam as a root end filling materials
Authors: Jovanović Lena Z. , Bajkin Branislav V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine marginal adaptation of three root end filling materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine and amalgam. Ninety single‐rooted extracted human teeth of the maxillary intercanine sector were used in the study. After the endodontic treatment and retrograde preparation, teeth were divided into three groups, depending on the root‐end filling material. Teeth were cut in longitudinal manner. Measurements of the total width of the marginal gap in micrometers were performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that MTA and Biodentine have better marginal adaptation compared to amalgam expressed through the mean value of the measured edge crack, however without significant difference (p > .05). Mean value of the measured edge crack in Group 1 (MTA) was 8.17 μm, in Group 2 (Biodentine) 8.53 μm, and in Group 3 (amalgam) 9.13 μm. All tested materials show a satisfactory degree of marginal adaptation, but MTA and Biodentine proved to be superior to amalgam.
An unexpected cause of sudden cardiac arrest in a young swimmer
Authors: Cia Mendioroz Xabier , Garcia‐Izquierdo Eusebio , Mingo Santos Susana , Castro‐Urda Victor , Toquero‐Ramos Jorge , Fernandez‐Lozano Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is an uncommon but devastating event among young adults. While inherited cardiomyopathies and channelopathies represent an important proportion of sudden deaths, coronary artery disease remains a significant contributor in this age group. ECG findings are essential to guide the first steps of diagnostic work‐up of SCA, but sometimes can overlap between different etiologies. In this article we present a 16‐year‐old female who experienced SCA during vigorous swimming whose ECG was compatible with long QT syndrome. However, evaluation of the coronary anatomy provided the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
Unveiling buried aeolian landscapes: reconstructing a late Holocene dune environment using 3D ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Rees‐Hughes Luis , Barlow Natasha L. M. , Booth Adam D. , West Landis J. , Tuckwell George , Grossey Tim 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAcross the UK, sandy beaches and dunes protect coastal infrastructure from waves and extreme water levels during large‐scale storms, while providing important habitats and recreational opportunities. Understanding their long‐term evolution is vital in managing their condition in a changing climate. Recently, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) methods have grown in popularity in geomorphological applications, yielding centimetre‐scale resolution images of near‐surface stratigraphy and structure, thus allowing landscape evolution to be reconstructed. Additionally, abrupt changes in palaeo‐environments can be visualized in three dimensions. Although often complemented by core data, GPR allows interpretations to be extended into areas with minimal ground‐truth control. Nonetheless, GPR data interpretation can be non‐intuitive and ambiguous, and radargrams may not initially resemble the expected subsurface geometry. Interpretation can be made yet more onerous when handling the large 3D data volumes that are facilitated with modern GPR technology. Here we describe the development of novel semi‐automated GPR feature‐extraction tools, based on ‘edge detection’ and ‘thresholding’ methods, which detect regions of increased GPR reflectivity which can be applied to aid in the reconstruction of a range Quaternary landscapes. Since reflectivity can be related to lithological and/or pore fluid changes, the 3D architecture of the palaeo‐landscape can be reconstructed from the features extracted from a geophysical dataset. We present 500 MHz GPR data collected over a buried Holocene coastal dune system in North Wales, UK, now reclaimed for use as an airfield. Core data from the site, reaching a maximum depth 2 m, suggest rapid vertical changes from sand to silty‐organic units, and GPR profiles suggest similar lateral complexity. By applying thresholding methods to GPR depth slices, these lateral complexities are effectively and automatically mapped. Furthermore, automatic extraction of the local reflection power yields a strong correlation with the depth variation of organic content, suggesting it is a cause of reflectivity contrast. GPR‐interpolated analyses away from core control thus offer a powerful proxy for parameters derived from invasive core logging. The GPR data collected at Llanbedr airfield highlight a complex dune system to a depth of 2.8 m, probably deposited in several phases over ~700 years, similar to elsewhere in North Wales.
Onsite/on‐field analysis of pesticide and veterinary drug residues by a state‐of‐art technology: A review
Authors: Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Lee Dong Ju , Jo Ara , Yun Seung Hee , Eun Jong‐Bang , Im Moo‐Hyeog , Shim Jae‐Han , Abd El‐Aty A. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPesticides and veterinary drugs are generally employed to control pests and insects in crop and livestock farming. However, remaining residues are considered potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. Therefore, regular monitoring is required for assessing and legislation of pesticides and veterinary drugs. Various approaches to determining residues in various agricultural and animal food products have been reported. Most analytical methods involve sample extraction, purification (cleanup), and detection. Traditional sample preparation is time‐consuming labor‐intensive, expensive, and requires a large amount of toxic organic solvent, along with high probability for the decomposition of a compound before the analysis. Thus, modern sample preparation techniques, such as the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, have been widely accepted in the scientific community for its versatile application; however, it still requires a laboratory setup for the extraction and purification processes, which also involves the utilization of a toxic solvent. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate recent technologies that are simple, portable, green, quick, and cost‐effective for onsite and infield residue detections. Several technologies, such as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, quantum dots, biosensing, and miniaturized gas chromatography, are now available. Further, several onsite techniques, such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry, are now being upgraded; some of them, although unable to analyze field sample directly, can analyze a large number of compounds within very short time (such as time‐of‐flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometry). Thus, to stay updated with scientific advances and analyze organic contaminants effectively and safely, it is necessary to study all of the state‐of‐art technology.
The Effect of Therapeutic Alliance on Dropout in Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Sijercic Iris , Liebman Rachel E. , Stirman Shannon Wiltsey , Monson Candice M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA substantial number of individuals who undergo cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) drop out before receiving a full course of treatment. Therapeutic alliance, defined as the working relationship between the therapist and client, is a dynamic process within therapy that may change over time. Research suggests that therapeutic alliance is associated with dropout in various treatments. However, no studies have yet examined the association between therapeutic alliance and dropout in CPT, and few studies have examined therapeutic alliance longitudinally over the course of treatment. Examining alliance in CPT through different methods may increase clinicians’ understanding of how to tailor interventions to prevent treatment dropout. The present study examined the association between therapeutic alliance and treatment dropout among 169 participants in a randomized implementation effectiveness trial. In total, 33.1% of clients dropped out over the course of CPT, and nearly half of these individuals dropped out during the first six sessions. Continuous‐time survival analysis results indicated that mean ratings of alliance significantly predicted treatment dropout, Wald χ2(1, N = 167) = 4.08, Exp(β) = .64, p = .043, whereas initial alliance, late alliance, and change in alliance over treatment did not. These findings suggest that overall therapeutic alliance is an important predictor of dropout from CPT.
The two faces of the corresponding author and the need to separate them
Authors: Helgesson Gert 
Published: March 2021

Key points
The role of corresponding author means one thing in the eyes of editors, journals and publishers, but researchers often take it to mean something more.
There are two different roles for the corresponding author: pre‐publication corresponding author and post‐publication corresponding author.
Journals should explicitly acknowledge these separate roles for corresponding authors in order to increase transparency.
The role of the corresponding author should be kept distinct from other responsibilities than those of communication.
Step‐Growth Polymerized Systems of Type “A1+A2+A3”: A Method to Calculate the Bivariate (Molecular Size) × (Path Length) Distribution
Authors: Hillegers, Leo Thomas , Slot Johan J. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStep‐growth polymerizing systems of type “A1+A2+A3” are considered. The monomers bear one (A1), two (A2), or three (A3) identical reactive sites. In the reactor vessel, at a given degree of conversion, a wide range of polymeric molecules has formed, differing in both molecular size and in branching structure, determined by the laws of probability. In a slice of the molecular size distribution, all polymeric molecules have the same size (i.e., are built up by the same number of monomeric units), but differ in number and position of branching points (A3's). A method is presented to calculate the path length distribution for each such slice. Here, path length is the number of chemical bonds in the path connecting two monomeric units in the molecule. The shape and moments of this distribution may help rheologists and polymer manufacturers in improving the properties of their products. The system “A1+A2+A3” is the most simple representative of the more general step‐growth polymerizing systems of type “Afi,” and of type “AfiBgi.” Extension of this calculation method to these for the chemical industry more relevant systems is intended.
Blue Crab Spawning and Recruitment in Two Gulf Coast and Two Atlantic Estuaries in Florida
Authors: Hart Hannah R. , Crowley Claire E. , Walters Erin A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the life history traits of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus found in four estuarine systems—two on the Gulf coast of Florida (St. Andrews Bay and Suwannee Sound) and two on the Atlantic coast (St. Johns and Halifax rivers). Females in St. Andrews Bay, Suwannee Sound, the St. Johns River, and the Halifax River reached maturity at a carapace width (measured from lateral spine tip to lateral spine tip) of 116.5, 121.9, 129.5, and 123.7 mm, respectively. At both Gulf coast locations, year-round spawning was not observed; peak spawning occurred in early to late spring, and in St. Andrews Bay there was an additional fall spawning event. On the Atlantic coast, spawning females were collected almost year round, with the greatest abundance in winter through spring and an additional peak in late summer. Potential fecundity on both coasts was directly correlated with body size and was greatest at the beginning of each reproductive season. Egg diameter from crabs on both coasts was independent of female size and was influenced by month, with the largest egg diameters observed in the earlier months of the year. Overall, there was an inverse relationship between potential fecundity and egg diameter. Mean potential fecundity for females sampled in St. Andrews Bay, the Halifax River, and the St. Johns River was 1.8, 2.1, and 2.2 million eggs, respectively. This demonstrates that seasonality is important for blue crab reproductive output and for the timing of juvenile and fishery recruitment.
Objective differential diagnosis of Noonan and Williams–Beuren syndromes in diverse populations using quantitative facial phenotyping
Authors: Porras Antonio R. , Summar Marshal , Linguraru Marius George 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Noonan and Williams–Beuren syndrome present similar facial phenotypes modulated by their ethnic background. Although distinctive facial features have been reported, studies show a variable incidence of those characteristics in populations with diverse ancestry. Hence, a differential diagnosis based on reported facial features can be challenging. Although accurate diagnoses are possible with genetic testing, they are not available in developing and remote regions.MethodsWe used a facial analysis technology to identify the most discriminative facial metrics between 286 patients with Noonan and 161 with Williams‐Beuren syndrome with diverse ethnic background. We quantified the most discriminative metrics, and their ranges both globally and in different ethnic groups. We also created population‐based appearance images that are useful not only as clinical references but also for training purposes. Finally, we trained both global and ethnic‐specific machine learning models with previous metrics to distinguish between patients with Noonan and Williams–Beuren syndromes.ResultsWe obtained a classification accuracy of 85.68% in the global population evaluated using cross‐validation, which improved to 90.38% when we adapted the facial metrics to the ethnicity of the patients (p = 0.024).ConclusionOur facial analysis provided for the first time quantitative reference facial metrics for the differential diagnosis Noonan and Williams–Beuren syndromes in diverse populations.
Experiments and Monte Carlo simulations on multiple Coulomb scattering of protons
Authors: Verbeek Nico , Wulff Jörg , Janson Martin , Bäumer Christian , Zahid Sameera , Timmermann Beate , Brualla Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

Background and purposeMonte Carlo simulations as well as analytical computations of proton transport in material media require accurate values of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) angles. High‐quality experimental data on MCS angles in the energy range for proton therapy are, however, sparse. In this work, MCS modeling in proton transport was evaluated employing an experimental method to measure these angles on a medical proton beamline in clinically relevant materials. Results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and analytical models.Materials and methodsAluminum, brass, and lucite (PMMA) scatterers of clinically relevant thicknesses were irradiated with protons at 100, 160, and 220 MeV. Resulting spatial distributions of individual pencil beams were measured with a scintillating screen. The MCS angles were determined by deconvolution and a virtual point source approach. Results were compared to those obtained with the Monte Carlo codes PENH, TOPAS, and RayStation Monte Carlo, as well as the analytical models RayStation Pencil Beam Algorithm and the Molière/Fano/Hanson variant of the Molière theory.ResultsExperimental data obtained with the presented methodology agree with previously published results within 6%, with an average deviation of 3%. The combined average uncertainty of the experimental data yielded 1.8%, while the combined maximum uncertainty was below 4%. The obtained Monte Carlo results for PENH, TOPAS, and RayStation deviate on average for all considered energies, materials and thicknesses, by 2.5%, 3.4%, and 2.8% from the experimental data, respectively. For the analytical models, the average deviations amount to 4.5% and 2.9% for the RayStation Pencil Beam Algorithm and the MoliÃ¨re/Fano/Hanson model, respectively.ConclusionThe experimental method developed for the present work allowed to measure MCS angles in clinical proton facilities with good accuracy. The presented method permits to extend the database on experimental MCS angles which is rather limited. This work further provides benchmark data for lucite in thicknesses relevant for clinical applications. The data may serve to validate dose engines of treatment planning systems and secondary dose check software. The Monte Carlo and analytical algorithms studied are capable of reproducing MCS data within the required accuracy for clinical applications.