bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for a Moderately Explosive Process with Structural Change in Drift*
Authors: Xiang Jingjie , Guo Gangzheng , Zhao Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper studies large sample properties of a moderately explosive autoregression with a structural change in the unobservable drift term, and develops asymptotic tests for the null of moderate explosiveness under different dependence structures. When the innovation sequence is independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.), we show that the t statistic is asymptotically standard normal. When the innovations are weakly dependent in the form of homoskedasticity or conditional heteroskedasticity, we invoke the fixed‐smoothing asymptotics to construct the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation robust standard error, under which the t statistic follows Student’s t distribution in large samples. Monte Carlo simulations show that our tests have small size distortion and high power in finite samples. As we impose no restrictions on the occurrence time and magnitude of the drift, our proposed asymptotic tests enjoy strong robustness and applicability.
Effect of an Elevated Preoperative International Normalized Ratio on Transfusion and Complications in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty with the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol
Authors: Peng Linbo , Zeng Junfeng , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Yang Jing , Shen Bin 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo verify whether an elevated preoperative international normalized ratio (INR) increases transfusion and complications independently in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the management of an enhanced recovery after surgery (EARS) protocol.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the database of adults who underwent primary THA between 2014 and 2018 by the same surgeon. A total of 552 patients were assigned into three groups by preoperative INR class: INR ≤ 0.9, 0.9 < INR < 1.0, and INR ≥ 1.0. We regarded transfusion within 90 days during the same hospitalization as the primary outcome. We also included perioperative blood loss, maximum Hb drop, postoperative anaemia requiring medicine, and length of hospital stay (LOS) during the same hospitalization in the study. Complications and reoperation at 90 days and mortality at 90 days and 12 months were also included in the study. Univariable analyses were utilized to compare baselines and outcomes among the three groups. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to adjust for differences at baseline among the groups.ResultsAll patients had an INR < 1.5 preoperatively and were managed with the ERAS protocol. Among them, 93 (16.8%) patients had INR ≤ 0.9, 268 (48.6%) patients had 0.9 < INR < 1.0, and 191 (34.6%) patients had INR ≥ 1.0. In the univariable analyses, as the INR increased, the transfusion rates increased from 1.08% for INR ≤ 0.9, to 1.12% for 0.9 < INR < 1.0 and to 5.76% for INR ≥ 1.0 (P < 0.05). The overall complication rate increased from 10.8% for INR ≤ 0.9, to 16.4% for 0.9 < INR < 1.0, and to 22.5% for INR ≥ 1.0 (P < 0.05). The length of stay (LOS) in the INR ≥ 1.0 group was 5.7 ± 2.2 days, which was significantly longer than that in the INR ≤ 0.9 group (4.7 ± 1.6 days, P = 0.000) and 0.9 < INR < 1.0 group (5.1 ± 2.0 days, P = 0.007). No statistical significance was detected among the groups regarding blood loss, maximum Hb drop, or the incidence of postoperative anaemia that required medicine. There was no significant difference in reoperation or mortality among the groups. When controlling for demographic and comorbidity characteristics, there was no statistically significant difference in the odds of transfusion during the same hospitalization or overall complications at 90 days among the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsElevated preoperative INR cannot increase transfusion or complication rates independently in primary THA with the management of the ERAS protocol. With the improvement in the ERAS protocol and the use of tranexamic acid (TXA), an INR < 1.5 is still a conventional safe threshold for THA surgery.
Caesarean delivery and pubertal timing in boys and girls: A Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Huang Kun , Gaml‐Sørensen Anne , Lunddorf Lea Lykke Harrits , Ernst Andreas , Brix Nis , Olsen Jørn , Ramlau‐Hansen Cecilia Høst 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable public and scientific interest in the declining age of pubertal timing. Prenatal and postnatal stress has been proposed to relate with earlier pubertal timing, but it remains unknown whether intrapartum stress may affect pubertal timing as well.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the potential effect of caesarean delivery on pubertal timing in boys and girls.MethodsThis study was based upon the nationwide Puberty Cohort nested within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) from 2000 to 2003. A total of 15,731 mother‐child pairs with complete information on delivery mode and puberty were included in the main analysis. The delivery mode was categorised into non‐instrumental vaginal delivery (reference), instrumental vaginal delivery, elective caesarean delivery before labour, emergency caesarean delivery during labour and un‐specified caesarean delivery. Children's pubertal development were self‐reported in web‐based questionnaires from 11 years of age and every 6 months throughout puberty (2012–2019), including Tanner stages 2–5, menarche, voice break, first ejaculation, axillary hair growth and the onset of acne. Regression models for censored, normally distributed time‐to‐event data were used to estimate mean monthly differences in age at attaining the different pubertal milestones and the average of all these estimates for each sex (a combined indicator of pubertal timing).ResultsA total of 2810 participants were born by caesarean delivery (17.9%). Neither elective nor emergency caesarean delivery was associated with earlier age at achieving the pubertal milestones in boys or in girls. For the combined indicator, the mean age differences for elective caesarean delivery and emergency caesarean delivery were 0.1 (95% CI −1.1, 1.4) months and −0.7 (95% CI −2.0, 0.5) months in boys and 0.7 (95% CI −0.7, 2.0) and 0.2 (95% CI −1.3, 1.7) in girls.ConclusionsThis study does not suggest a clinically important effect of caesarean delivery on children's pubertal timing.
Content of tryptophan and kynurenines in serum and milk of dairy cows with mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp.
Authors: Bochniarz Mariola , Dąbrowski Roman , Kocki Tomasz , Błaszczyk Przemysław , Szczubiał Marek , Brodzki Piotr , Krakowski Leszek , Turski Waldemar A. 
Published: November 2021

ContentsThe aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA), and activity of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) in cows suffering from mastitis caused by Streptococcus spp. The blood and milk samples were collected from Holstein‐Friesian cows farmed in the Lublin region of Poland. It was found that TRP was lower in cows with mastitis both in serum and milk. KYN was lower in serum but not in milk. KYNA was not significantly altered in diseased cows both in serum and milk. The activity of IDO calculated as KYN to TRP ratio was unchanged in serum but was markedly elevated in milk of cows with mastitis. Our findings may have important implications for diagnosis of mastitis in cows because an increase of activity of IDO and reduction of TRP in milk might be a valuable early marker predicting the occurrence of the disease.
Characteristics of fluid inclusions in the sandstone‐hosted Qianjiadian uranium deposit, southwest Songliao Basin, northeastern China: Implications for the nature and evolution of ore‐forming fluids
Authors: Ma Xue‐li , Wang Ke‐yong , Jin Ruo‐shi , Li Jian‐guo , Zhou Hong‐ying , Yang He 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Qianjiadian deposit is a typical sandstone‐hosted uranium deposit that is hosted mainly in sandstone and siltstone of the Lower Cretaceous Yaojia Formation, located within the transition between the Kailu Depression and Jiamatu Uplift in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. We studied the geological characteristics of this deposit, and analysed the mineralized sandstone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to identify the host minerals of fluid inclusions associated with uranium mineralization and describe their petrographic characteristics. In addition, this research investigated the origin of ore‐forming fluids and the relationship between petroleum fluids and uranium mineralization, based on the following findings. (1) EPMA and SEM data show that uranium minerals are hosted mainly in hydrothermal quartz (HQ) within sandstone cement, which indicates that uranium minerals co‐precipitated with HQ. (2) The fluid inclusions in the HQ show low homogenization temperatures (102.5–169.5°C) and low salinities (1.7–6.1 wt%). In contrast, aqueous inclusions in quartz overgrowths show lower temperatures (60.5–117°C) and higher salinities (4.2–8.7 wt%). (3) Petroleum fluids trapped in HQ homogenize fluid and those along healed microfractures in quartz overgrowth or plagioclase overgrowths at ~70–80°C, those trapped in present‐day organic inclusions at ~85–95°C, and at the boundary of detrital mineral grains show higher homogenization temperatures (~135–145°C). These results indicate that the hydrothermal quartz cement is associated with uranium mineralization, and the ore‐forming fluid of Qianjiadian sandstone‐hosted uranium deposit are characterized by low‐temperature, low‐salinity hydrothermal fluids, and the changes of temperature and salinity of hydrothermal fluids may not be intimately associated with uranium mineralization.
Exact solutions and internal waves for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in spherical coordinates
Authors: Martin Calin Iulian , Quirchmayr Ronald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with some analytical aspects pertaining to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. We use spherical coordinates in a rotating frame to derive a new exact and partially explicit solution to the governing equations of geophysical fluid dynamics for an inviscid and incompressible azimuthal flow with a discontinuous density distribution and subjected to forcing terms. The latter are of paramount importance for the modeling of realistic flows, that is, flows that are observed in an averaged sense in the ocean. The discontinuous density triggers the appearance of an interface that plays the role of an internal wave. Although the velocity and the pressure are determined explicitly, we use functional analytical techniques that uniquely render the surface and interface defining functions in an implicit way as soon as a small enough pressure is applied on the free surface. Additionally, we consider a particular example, where the interface can be determined explicitly. We conclude our discussion by setting out monotonicity relations between the surface pressure and its distortion that concur with the physical expectations. A regularity result concerning the interface is also derived.
Riemann–Hilbert approach for discrete sine‐Gordon equation with simple and double poles
Authors: Chen Meisen , Fan Engui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present the inverse scattering transformation (IST) for discrete sine‐Gordon equation via the Riemann–Hilbert approach. In the direct scattering part, we establish analyticity, symmetries, and asymptotic properties of Jost solutions and reflection coefficients. In the inverse part, we solve the discrete sine‐Gordon equation by establishing a Riemann–Hilbert problem with simple and double poles, respectively. N‐soliton solutions are obtained via the reconstruction formula correspondent to the Riemann–Hilbert problem. As examples of N‐solitons, we present some explicit solutions such as breathers, degenerate solitons for discrete sine‐Gordon equation, and the dynamical properties of these solutions are further analyzed.
Communicating Mobility Restrictions During the COVID‐19 Crisis on Twitter: The Legitimacy Challenge
Authors: Bélanger Marie‐Eve , Lavenex Sandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn response to Covid‐19, governments have imposed substantial restrictions on people's mobility. To encourage compliance, political actors have deployed direct communication strategies on social media. In this paper, we evaluate the legitimacy of the Swiss government's crisis communication on Twitter during the first wave of the pandemic. We examine and compare tweets regarding international and domestic travel, as well as social distancing. Using content and network analysis, we analyze the legitimacy of crisis communication by measuring its timeliness, consistency and congruence. We find that communication on domestic mobility restrictions has enjoyed a higher level of consistency and congruence, but has suffered from a disengagement of political parties, while the communication of international travel restrictions has become increasingly politicized.
Thin Objects Are Not Transparent
Authors: Plebani Matteo , San Mauro Luca , Venturi Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this short paper, we analyse whether assuming that mathematical objects are “thin” in Linnebo's sense simplifies the epistemology of mathematics. Towards this end, we introduce the notion of transparency and show that not all thin objects are transparent. We end by arguing that, far from being a weakness of thin objects, the lack of transparency of some thin objects is a fruitful characteristic mark of abstract mathematics.
A Robotic Cognitive Control Framework for Collaborative Task Execution and Learning
Authors: Caccavale Riccardo , Finzi Alberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn social and service robotics, complex collaborative tasks are expected to be executed while interacting with humans in a natural and fluent manner. In this scenario, the robotic system is typically provided with structured tasks to be accomplished, but must also continuously adapt to human activities, commands, and interventions. We propose to tackle these issues by exploiting the concept of cognitive control, introduced in cognitive psychology and neuroscience to describe the executive mechanisms needed to support adaptive responses and complex goal‐directed behaviors. Specifically, we rely on a supervisory attentional system to orchestrate the execution of hierarchically organized robotic behaviors. This paradigm seems particularly effective not only for flexible plan execution but also for human–robot interaction, because it directly provides attention mechanisms considered as pivotal for implicit, non‐verbal human–human communication. Following this approach, we are currently developing a robotic cognitive control framework enabling collaborative task execution and incremental task learning. In this paper, we provide a uniform overview of the framework illustrating its main features and discussing the potential of the supervisory attentional system paradigm in different scenarios where humans and robots have to collaborate for learning and executing everyday activities.
Occurrence and spatial distribution of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the urban area of the municipality of Montes Claros, Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Campos Maria Cristina Oliveira Azevedo , Gonçalves Thainara da Silva , Ursine Renata Luiz , Marinho Sandra da Silva Barros , Rodríguez Moreno Angel , Diotaiuti Liléia Gonçalves , Damasceno Renata Fiuza , Ferreira Ariela Mota , Ribeiro Antônio Luiz Pinho , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Vieira Thallyta Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe north of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais is classified as an area of high risk of vectorial transmission of Chagas disease (CD) or of reestablishing transmission in the home, but the Chagas disease control programme is disjointed. The study evaluated the occurrence, natural infection and the spatial distribution of species of triatomines associated with climatic variations in the urban area of Montes Claros, a municipality endemic to CD in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Triatomine data were obtained from passive entomological surveillance actions of the Chagas Disease Control Program (Programa de Controle de Doença de Chagas—PCDCh), registered by the Zoonosis Control Center (Centro de Controle de Zoonoses—CCZ) from 2009 to 2019. A total of 277 triatomines belonging to eight species were collected, and of these, 203 insects were examined. It was found that 46.2% of triatomines were captured inside the home and 8.3% around the home. The natural infection rate was 6.9%; 14 specimens showed natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (12 females and 2 males), and of these, 13 were found in the home and one in an uninformed location. The number of triatomine records collected was significantly higher in the month of September (p = .01), and there was an inverse correlation between the number of triatomines and the relative humidity of the air (p < .001). It was verified that the highest triatomine densities are located in transition areas between urban infrastructure (32.12%) and pasture (25.72%). The diversity of species of triatomines infected with T. cruzi in residential units in urban areas in the municipality of Montes Claros is worrying, as it suggests a potential risk of transmission of the parasite to domestic animals and humans.
Taxonomic myths and phylogenetic realities in the systematics of the Opisthorchiidae (Trematoda)
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Kalmykov Alexandr , Frolov Evgeniy , Atopkin Dmitry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Opisthorchiidae are a large trematode group with a complex taxonomic structure at the subfamily level. Phylogenetic assessment of the Metorchiinae, the Opisthorchiinae and the Pseudamphistominae was carried out using 28S rDNA, concatenated 18S + 28S rDNA, ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA, and COI mt DNA sequences data set. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Metorchis (Metorchiinae), Pseudamphistomum (Pseudamphistominae), Opisthorchis and Clonorchis (Opisthorchiinae) were grouped in a same clade and that Amphimerus (Opisthorchiinae) has a basal position to all these genera. Thus, the Opisthorchiinae can only be resolved as a monophyletic taxon in combination with metorchiine and pseudamphistomine trematodes. The group comprising opisthorchiines, metorchiines and pseudamphistomines clustered with apophallines and liliatrematines. However, the Apophallinae did not appear as a monophyletic taxon. As a result, two subfamilies of traditional opisthorchiids, the Metorchiinae and the Pseudamphistominae, were not recognized as valid. In addition, we demonstrated the existence of three monophyletic groups of heterophyid trematodes, which is important for the future revision of this group.
Is early activity resumption after paediatric concussion safe and does it reduce symptom burden at 2 weeks post injury? The Pediatric Concussion Assessment of Rest and Exertion (PedCARE) multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ledoux Andrée-Anne , Barrowman Nick , Bijelić Vid , Borghese Michael M , Davis Adrienne , Reid Sarah , Sangha Gurinder , Yeates Keith Owen , Tremblay Mark S , McGahern Candice , Belanger Kevin , Barnes Joel D , Farion Ken J , DeMatteo Carol A , Reed Nick , Zemek Roger 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveInvestigate whether resuming physical activity (PA) at 72 hours post concussion is safe and reduces symptoms at 2 weeks, compared with resting until asymptomatic.MethodsReal-life conditions, multicentre, single-blinded randomised clinical trial, conducted in three Canadian paediatric emergency departments (ED). Children/youth aged 10–<18 years with acute concussion were recruited between March 2017 and December 2019, and randomly assigned to a 4-week stepwise return-to-PA protocol at 72 hours post concussion even if symptomatic (experimental group (EG)) or to a return-to-PA once asymptomatic protocol (control group (CG)). The primary outcome was self-reported symptoms at 2 weeks using the Health and Behaviour Inventory. Adherence was measured using accelerometers worn 24 hours/day for 14 days post injury. Adverse events (AE) (worsening of symptoms requiring unscheduled ED or primary care visit) were monitored. Multivariable intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol analyses adjusting for prognostically important covariates were examined. Missing data were imputed for the ITT analysis.Results456 randomised participants (EG: N=227; mean (SD) age=13.3 (2.1) years; 44.5% women; CG: N=229; mean (SD) age=13.3 (2.2) years; 43.7% women) were analysed. No AE were identified. ITT analysis showed no strong evidence of a group difference at 2 weeks (adjusted mean difference=−1.3 (95% CI:−3.6 to 1.1)). In adherent participants, initiating PA 72 hours post injury significantly reduced symptoms 2 weeks post injury, compared with rest (adjusted mean difference=−4.3 (95% CI:−8.4 to –0.2)).ConclusionSymptoms at 2 weeks did not differ significantly between children/youth randomised to initiate PA 72 hours post injury versus resting until asymptomatic; however, many were non-adherent to the intervention. Among adherent participants, early PA was associated with reduced symptoms at 2 weeks. Resumption of PA is safe and may be associated with milder symptoms at 2 weeks.Level of evidence1b.Trial registration numberNCT02893969.Registry namePediatric Concussion Assessment of Rest and Exertion (PedCARE).
Independent and combined associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and academic grades of inner urban and peri-urban high school students: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China
Authors: Cai Zhengjie , Xian Jinli , Araujo Camila , Zhang Ziwei , Zhou Hongyu , Peng Huan , Sharma Manoj , Zhao Yong 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the independent and combined associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and academic grades of inner urban high school students (IUHSSs) and peri-urban high school students (PUHSSs).DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted.ParticipantsThere are 1481 high school students (49.9% boys) in this study, who were enrolled from one inner urban and two peri-urban schools in Chongqing, China.Outcome measuresAcademic grades were assessed based on the students’ self-reported grade ranking in the last cumulative examination.ResultsIn IUHSSs and PUHSSs, high frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was unlikely to obtain high academic grades (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.99 and 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.96), respectively). Among IUHSSs, meeting the recommendations for weekday screen time and egg consumption (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.34 and 1.60, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.47, respectively) and high frequency of fruit consumption (1.67, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.50) were significantly associated with high academic grades; meeting the recommendation for weekday sleep duration was unlikely to obtain high academic grades (0.46, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.98). Among PUHSSs, meeting the recommendations for weekend sleep duration (1.40, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.93) and eating dinner regularly (1.55, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.37) had significant associations with high academic grades. No significant associations were found between physical activity and academic grades in both IUHSSs and PUHSSs (p>0.05). Moreover, IUHSSs with 9–13 healthy lifestyle behaviours were 3.25 times more likely to achieve high academic grades than IUHSSs with 1–6 healthy lifestyle behaviours (3.25, 95% CI 1.96 to 5.40). No significant associations were found in the combined associations between multiple lifestyle behaviours and academic grades among PUHSSs (p>0.05).ConclusionsCorrelations were observed between lifestyle behaviours and academic grades among high school students, and cumulative associations between multiple healthy lifestyle behaviours and academic outcomes appear to be stronger than the independent associations. These findings are particularly applicable to IUHSSs.