bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Alterations of the Cisternal Segment of Trigeminal Nerve and Brain Pain-matrix Regions in Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia Before and After Treatment
Authors: Chen Tai-Yuan , Ko Ching-Chung , Wu Te-Chang , Lin Li-Ching , Shih Yun-Ju , Hung Yi-Chieh , Chou Ming-Chung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most common type of chronic neuropathic facial pain, but the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms after treatment are still not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal changes of the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve and brain pain-related regions in patients with TN before and after treatment using readout segmentation of long variable echo-train (RESOLVE) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transverse relaxation (T2)-weighted sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast at different flip angle evolutions (T2-SPACE). Methods: Twelve patients with TN and four healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent assessment of the visual analog scale (VAS), and acquisition of RESOLVE DTI and T2-SPACE images before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after treatments. Regions-of-interest were placed on the bilateral anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve, the bilateral root entry zone (REZ), bilateral nuclear zone, and the center of pontocerebellar tracts, respectively. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was conducted with T2-SPACE images, and gray matter volumes (GMV) were measured from brain pain-matrix regions. Results: The results demonstrated that the axial diffusivity of the middle part of the cisternal trigeminal nerve, the fractional anisotropy of the bilateral nuclear zones, and the mean diffusivity of the center of pontocerebellar tract significantly changed over time before and after treatment. The changes of GMV in the pain-matrix regions exhibited similar trends to the VAS before and after treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that magnetic resonance imaging with RESOLVE DTI and VBM with T2-SPACE images were helpful in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with TN before and after treatment.
An Analytic Solution of Stress Distribution Around a Shallow Buried Hollow Cylinder Karst Cave in Limestone Strata
Authors: Xie Peng , Ma Shaokun , Wen Haijia , Jie Shaolong , Liu Junfeng , Cui Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The chief objective of the article is to learn the spatial characteristics of stress distribution around a shallow buried cylinder karst cave in limestone strata. Firstly, taking into account the geometry of limestone formations, and the characteristics of karst geomorphology in China, a spatial axial-symmetrical hollow model was established. Concurrently, combing available work and the concept of elasticity, the boundary conditions are determined. Subsquently, Love displacement method was introduced, in addition to the expressions of stress components were gained. The diagram characteristics of each stress component are summarized, which are affected by various influencing factors. Finally, in order to prove the rationality of the general solution, a numerical simulation was carried out on the basis of practical engineering, and the maximum error is less than 5%. Thus, the analytical solution could represent the spatial characteristics of stress distribution around a shallow buried cylinder karst cave in limestone strata.
Evaluation of motor complications in Parkinson’s disease: understanding the perception gap between patients and physicians
Authors: Ogura Hiromu , Nakagawa Ryoko , Ishido Miwako , Yoshinaga Yoko , Watanabe Jun , Kurihara Kanako , Hayashi Yuka , Nagaki Koichi , Mishima Takayasu , Fujioka Shinsuke , Tsuboi Yoshio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) receiving levodopa treatment often report the motor complications including wearing-off (WO), dyskinesia and morning akinesia phenomena. Since motor complications are associated with a decrease in patient quality of life (QoL), it is important to identify its occurrence and commence immediate management. This study investigated whether differences in the perception of motor complications exist between patients and their physicians in routine clinical practice.Methods: Following an internet-based screening survey, questionnaires were distributed to physicians and their patients in Japan. The 9-item Wearing-off Questionnaire (WOQ-9) assessed the presence of WO objectively; patients with WOQ-9 scores ≥2 were considered to have WO. McNemar’s tests were used to compare physician assessment with the WOQ-9, patient self-awareness with physician assessment, and patient self-awareness with the WOQ-9, separately. Morning akinesia, dyskinesia, and QoL were also assessed.Results: A total of 235 patients with PD and their 92 physicians participated in this survey. A significant discordance was observed between the WOQ-9 and physician assessment of WO (67.2% vs 46.0%; p<0.0001). Furthermore, patient self-awareness of WO was 35.3% (p=0.0004, vs physician). Morning akinesia (patient, 58.7%; physician, 48.9%; p=0.0032), dyskinesia (patient, 34.0%; physician, 23.4%; p=0.0006), and bodily discomfort (patient, 25.0; physician, 0.0; p=0.0102) of QoL were underrecognized by physicians. Conclusions: This study investigated differences in the perception of WO between patients with PD and their physicians in routine clinical practice and highlighted that patients have a low awareness of the symptoms of WO compared with physician assessments and the WOQ-9. Conversely, morning akinesia, dyskinesia, and bodily discomfort were underrecognized by physicians.
Olfactory modulation of barrel cortex activity during active whisking and passive whisker stimulation
Authors: Renard Anthony , Harrell Evan , Bathallier Brice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rodents depend on olfaction and touch to meet many of their fundamental needs. The joint significance of these sensory systems is underscored by an intricate coupling between sniffing and whisking. However, the impact of simultaneous olfactory and tactile inputs on sensory representations in the cortex remains elusive. To study these interactions, we recorded large populations of barrel cortex neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed mice during olfactory and tactile stimulation. We find that odors alter barrel cortex activity in at least two ways, first by enhancing whisking, and second by central cross-talk that persists after whisking is abolished by facial nerve sectioning. Odors can either enhance or suppress barrel cortex neuronal responses, and while odor identity can be decoded from population activity, it does not interfere with the tactile representation. Thus, barrel cortex represents olfactory information which, in the absence of learned associations, is coded independently of tactile information.
Helicobacter pylori cagA Status and Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Karbaalei Mohsen , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Yamaoka Yoshio , Keikha Masoud 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have investigated the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It is estimated that approximately 0.1% of people infected with H. pylori develop gastric MALT. However, the role of the CagA antigen, the highest causative agent of H. pylori, in increasing the risk of gastric MALT remains unclear and controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of cagA status on the development of gastric MALT.Methods: All articles evaluating the status of the cagA gene in the development of gastric MALT were collected using systematic searches in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, regardless of publication date. The association between cagA and gastric MALT was assessed using the odds ratio (OR) summary. In addition, a random-effects model was used in cases with significant heterogeneity.Results: A total of 10 studies met our inclusion criteria, among which 1,860 patients participated. We observed a meaningful association between cagA status and gastric MALT, especially in Western countries (OR: 1.30; 0.90–1.87 with 95% CIs). However, the heterogeneity was significant; therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. Surprisingly, a strong positive association was observed between cagA status and high-grade lymphomas (OR: 6.43; 2.45–16.84 with 95% CIs). In addition, no study has evaluated the correlation between cagA and vacA, but we observed an inverse association between vacA and gastric MALT risk (OR: 0.92; 0.57–1.50 with 95% CIs). Conclusion: CagA may not play a significant role in the early stages of gastric MALT, but it can be translocated to B cells and affect the development of high-grade lymphomas.
Distribution of ABO and Rh types in North of Asir region in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Belali Tareg M. , Alanazi Amal O. , Abomughaid Mosleh M. , Ali Adnan M. , Alhujaily Muhanad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives.This study was conducted to form a better understanding of the distribution of ABO and Rh types among the population of the north of Asir region in Saudi Arabia and compare the findings to similar studies that were carried out in other parts of the kingdom and the Middle East. Understanding the frequency of different blood types in different populations is imperative. Blood types are essential not only for transfusion therapy but also for the prediction of the outcome of different diseases. The study aims to establish an understanding of the blood group frequency among the residents of the north of Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this study was conducted to compare the blood group frequency in the region to that in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula.Subjects and Methods This study was done throughout 1year from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, using samples from 4142 voluntary subjects at the blood bank of King Abdullah hospital, Bisha. Commercially provided ABO and Rh antibodies were used for the standard blood grouping procedure. Results:Our findings have shown that O is the most prominent ABO blood group while AB was the least frequent. The frequency of A blood type was the second high followed by B blood group while positive Rh factor was more common than the negative. A Comparison of our findings to other studies from Saudi Arabia and nations in the Middle East was also discussed.Conclusion:O+ >A+ >B+ > O->AB+> A->B- > AB- is the order of blood groups frequency in our study for males, while in females the order was almost the same except for the last three blood types was as following: >A->B->AB+. AB- on the other hand, was completely absent in female donors. There are some similarities and differences between our findings and that of other studies from the kingdom and other countries. Knowing and understanding the distribution of ABO and Rh types is essential for creating better policies for transfusion interventions and blood banks managements.
Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior
Authors: Abu-Elenein Jamal , Al-Sayaydeh Rabea , Akkeh Zahera , Al-Ajlouni Zakaria , Al-Bawalize AbdRaheem A. , Hasan Shireen , Hindi Tariq , Rahahla Randa , Ayad Jamal Y. , Al-Abdallat Ayed M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.
Therapeutic Responses to Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy by Molecular Subtype in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Shunde , Yuan Xiaoyu , Ge Chengguo , Zhang Junyong , Shen Zhongjie , Zhao Jiaming , Zheng Baishu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high recurrence and a poor prognosis. Molecular subtypes of BC portend personalized and precision medicine. However, whether there is a difference in therapeutic response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy between different molecular subtypes of BC has not been systematically evaluated.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed up to October 2020. Consensus clusters 1 (CC1), CC2 and CC3 molecular subtypes were defined according to the heterogeneity and similarity of BC molecular subtypes from published studies to perform meta-analysis. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the therapeutic response, and a fixed- or random-effects model was used according to the existence of heterogeneity.Results Eight studies involving 1463 patients were included in this research. For immunotherapy, CC3 showed the highest respond rate (CC3 vs CC1: OR 0.52, CI [0.34–0.78], P = 0.002. CC3 vs CC2: OR 0.42, CI [0.28–0.62], P < 0.0001), which was mainly reflected in the highest response rate to atezolizumab (CC3 vs CC1: OR 0.47, CI [0.29–0.75], P = 0.002. CC3 vs CC2: OR 0.38, CI [0.24–0.59], P < 0.0001), and the response rates to nivolumab showed no advantage over CC1 and CC2. No difference in response to the two immunotherapies between CC1 and CC2. For chemotherapy, CC3 had the lowest response rate to the overall chemotherapy (CC3 vs CC1: OR 2.28, CI [1.39–3.74], P = 0.001. CC3 vs CC2: OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.34–3.76, P = 0.002). Compared with CC2, CC3 responded poorly to both neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (OR 1.93, CI [1.09–3.41], P = 0.02) and chemoradiation therapy (CRT) (OR 4.53, CI [1.26–16.27], P = 0.02). Compared with CC1, CC3 only showed a poorer response to CRT (OR 6.07, CI [1.87–19.71], P = 0.003), and no difference in NAC. No difference between CC1 and CC2 subtypes in the response rates to NAC and CRT.Conclusions Our study suggested that molecular classifications are important predictors of cancer treatment outcomes of BC patients and could identify subgroup patients who are most likely to benefit from specific cancer treatments.
Association Between the Method of Delivery and Respiratory Outcomes in Extremely Preterm and Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: a Retrospective Cohort Study in Newborns From 2000-2003
Authors: Vosbeek Eleonora G.M. , Beijers Rosanne J.G.C.G. , Gerver Willem J.M. , Nijhuis Jan G. , Kramer Boris W.W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Extremely preterm (gestational age (GA) <28 weeks) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (<1000g) are at risk to develop respiratory morbidities like respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pneumothorax. The delivery method also influences respiratory outcomes, with cesarean sections (CS) being associated with a higher incidence of RDS, pneumothorax and ventilatory treatment. To develop new preventive or early respiratory treatment strategies for high-risk neonates, knowledge about risk factors for respiratory outcomes in this group is necessary. This study aims to investigate the association between the delivery method and respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm and ELBW infants.Methods: We performed a retrospective patient record cohort study of all extremely preterm and/or ELBW neonates born between 2000-2003 in a tertiary center in Maastricht, the Netherlands. Differences in RDS, BPD, pneumothorax, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), nasal oxygen, duration of invasive MV, CPAP and total respiratory support, nitric oxide, surfactant and postnatal steroids with pulmonary indication between vaginal delivery (VD) and CS were assessed.Results: A total of 172 infants were included. The CS group (n=119) had a higher mean GA, percentage males and prevalence of multiple gestations compared to the VD group (n=53) (p<0.05). Furthermore, birth weight, birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) and weight at discharge were lower in the CS group (p<0.05). Fetal distress and moderate 1-minute Apgar scores (4-6) were more common in the CS group, as was premature rupture of membranes. Low 1-minute Apgar scores (0-3), persistent ductus arteriosus and intraventricular hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the VD group, as did pre-eclampsia or ‘hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelet count’-syndrome. After correcting for GA and birth weight SDS, a significant association between CS and receiving surfactant was found. Other primary respiratory outcomes and treatments did not show any associations. Conclusions: After correcting for GA and birth weight SDS, the method of delivery is not associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm and ELBW infants. Due to changes in standard operating procedures, additional prospective research should focus on infants born more recently.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Er3+/ Yb3+ Doped Active Optic Y Splitter Realized by Diffusion Waveguides with Ag+ - Na+ Ion Exchange
Authors: Šmejcký Jiří , Mareš David , Barkman Ondřej , Nekvindová Pavla , Prajzler Václav , Jeřábek Vítězslav 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We reported on the active channel waveguides, formed in novel types of silicate glasses, doped with rare-earth elements, and Zn were investigated. The silicate glass GZ4 with Er 3+ and Yb 3+ content was studied, and the best doping ratio was estimated about luminescent properties. The composition of the glass samples (GZ4) with the content of 0.25 at. % Er 3+ and 5.0 at. % Yb 3+ and Zn 4.0 at. % resp. 5.6 at. % Zn was optimized. This glass was evaluated as the most suitable material for integrated amplifiers in the telecommunication band of 1 530 – 1 565 nm. Other samples were prepared with an active channel waveguides and active planar optical power splitter Y with a splitting ratio of 1x2 by two-step ion-exchange Na + -Ag + . Diffusion profiles of the created samples were analyzed by the EMA microscope and compared with the near mode-field distribution measurement results. Afterward, the amplification properties of the designed structures were studied, and the differential gain from 1.2 to 1.6 dB (0.48 to 0.64 dB/cm) was achieved by pumping 200 mW at 980 nm.
Structural, Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Properties of&nbsp;BaTi1-x(Ni1/2Nb1/2)xO3 Ceramics
Authors: li sheng , zhang yuanyuan , Zhou Lisa , Liu Qingqing , Yang Jing , Bai Wei , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the structural, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of Ni-Nb co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics. The compositions of BaTi1 − x(Ni1/2Nb1/2)xO3 were prepared through conventional solid-state reaction method. All the samples exhibit a gradual phase transition behavior from the tetragonal to a cubic structure with the increase of Ni-Nb co-doping concentration. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant reveals that the transition temperature gradually decreased with an increase in Ni2+ and Nb5+ concentrations. The ferroelectric studies show these doping samples have relatively full ferroelectric hysteresis loops at room temperature, but exhibit a decreasing ferroelectric property with the increasing level of doping. The magnetic measurement suggests that these samples have ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature with an increase in the Ni-Nb doping. Moreover, band gaps of these samples are obviously reduced through the strategy of co-doping.
Quantitative Ethnomedicinal Study of Plants Used by the Population in the Middle Plateaux of Uvira Territory (D. R. of Congo).
Authors: Kaboyi Gentil Iragi , Rusaati Butoto Imani wa , Nfizi Innocent Byamungu , Ndabaga Cephas Masumbuko , Gendusa Patience Arusi , Matendo Astrid Furaha , Kang Jun-Won 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis work increases the ethnomedicinal plants information in the Uvira Territory and, in particular, the middle plateau. Till now little is known about ethnomedicinal researches in Uvira Territory and no previous study has surveyed the medicinal uses of plants in the middle plateau of Uvira Territory. MethodsThe plant uses information survey was collected through a direct interview conducted with 25 local healers in 7 villages. The ethnobotanical information for each species, including scientific name, family, local name, morphological type, plant parts used, preparation, disease name, plant habitat was collected. The conservation status of plant species was checked by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. various quantitative indices (Relative frequency of citation Use Value, Informant consensus factor, Family Importance Value, Pearson’s correlation, Jaccard Index) were calculatedResultsInformation on 69 medicinal plants belonging to 61 genera and 34 families was collected. The total number of species per family showed that Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Myrtaceae were most represented. Most species were herbs. Leave was the most frequently used part and decoction was the principal preparation method. Significantly higher numbers of medicinal plants were used against digestive system disorders and intestinal parasites. Tetradenia riparia, Syzygium guineense, Morella salicifolia and Erythrina abyssinica were the medicinal plants with the highest UV values. The Pearson correlation coefficient between RFC and UV was 0.95 showing a highly positive significant association. A total of 14 species were recorded as vulnerable.Conclusion﻿This study was able to show that this area, located in middle plateau of Uvira Territory, can provide a considerable medicinal plant diversity with an heterogenous medicinal importance to the community. With the relative high number of vulnerable species, there is a requirement for a sustainable management for these medicinal plants.