bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archives, linked data and the digital humanities: increasing access to digitised and born-digital archives via the semantic web
Authors: Hawkins Ashleigh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMass digitisation and the exponential growth of born-digital archives over the past two decades have resulted in an enormous volume of archives and archival data being available digitally. This has produced a valuable but under-utilised source of large-scale digital data ripe for interrogation by scholars and practitioners in the Digital Humanities. However, current digitisation approaches fall short of the requirements of digital humanists for structured, integrated, interoperable, and interrogable data. Linked Data provides a viable means of producing such data, creating machine-readable archival data suited to analysis using digital humanities research methods. While a growing body of archival scholarship and praxis has explored Linked Data, its potential to open up digitised and born-digital archives to the Digital Humanities is under-examined. This article approaches Archival Linked Data from the perspective of the Digital Humanities, extrapolating from both archival and digital humanities Linked Data scholarship to identify the benefits to digital humanists of the production and provision of access to Archival Linked Data. It will consider some of the current barriers preventing digital humanists from being able to experience the benefits of Archival Linked Data evidenced, and to fully utilise archives which have been made available digitally. The article argues for increased collaboration between the two disciplines, challenges individuals and institutions to engage with Linked Data, and suggests the incorporation of AI and low-barrier tools such as Wikidata into the Linked Data production workflow in order to scale up the production of Archival Linked Data as a means of increasing access to and utilisation of digitised and born-digital archives.
The effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives
Authors: Amaro Seoane Pau , Arca Sedda Manuel , Babak Stanislav , Berry Christopher P. L. , Berti Emanuele , Bertone Gianfranco , Blas Diego , Bogdanović Tamara , Bonetti Matteo , Breivik Katelyn , Brito Richard , Caldwell Robert , Capelo Pedro R. , Caprini Chiara , Cardoso Vitor , Carson Zack , Chen Hsin-Yu , Chua Alvin J. K. , Dvorkin Irina , Haiman Zoltan , Heisenberg Lavinia , Isi Maximiliano , Karnesis Nikolaos , Kavanagh Bradley J. , Littenberg Tyson B. , Mangiagli Alberto , Marcoccia Paolo , Maselli Andrea , Nardini Germano , Pani Paolo , Peloso Marco , Pieroni Mauro , Ricciardone Angelo , Sesana Alberto , Tamanini Nicola , Toubiana Alexandre , Valiante Rosa , Vretinaris Stamatis , Weir David J. , Yagi Kent , Zimmerman Aaron 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe science objectives of the LISA mission have been defined under the implicit assumption of a 4-years continuous data stream. Based on the performance of LISA Pathfinder, it is now expected that LISA will have a duty cycle of $$\approx 0.75$$

≈
0.75

, which would reduce the effective span of usable data to 3 years. This paper reports the results of a study by the LISA Science Group, which was charged with assessing the additional science return of increasing the mission lifetime. We explore various observational scenarios to assess the impact of mission duration on the main science objectives of the mission. We find that the science investigations most affected by mission duration concern the search for seed black holes at cosmic dawn, as well as the study of stellar-origin black holes and of their formation channels via multi-band and multi-messenger observations. We conclude that an extension to 6 years of mission operations is recommended.
Application of region-based video surveillance in smart cities using deep learning
Authors: Zahra Asma , Ghafoor Mubeen , Munir Kamran , Ullah Ata , Ul Abideen Zain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmart video surveillance helps to build more robust smart city environment. The varied angle cameras act as smart sensors and collect visual data from smart city environment and transmit it for further visual analysis. The transmitted visual data is required to be in high quality for efficient analysis which is a challenging task while transmitting videos on low capacity bandwidth communication channels. In latest smart surveillance cameras, high quality of video transmission is maintained through various video encoding techniques such as high efficiency video coding. However, these video coding techniques still provide limited capabilities and the demand of high-quality based encoding for salient regions such as pedestrians, vehicles, cyclist/motorcyclist and road in video surveillance systems is still not met. This work is a contribution towards building an efficient salient region-based surveillance framework for smart cities. The proposed framework integrates a deep learning-based video surveillance technique that extracts salient regions from a video frame without information loss, and then encodes it in reduced size. We have applied this approach in diverse case studies environments of smart city to test the applicability of the framework. The successful result in terms of bitrate 56.92%, peak signal to noise ratio 5.35 bd and SR based segmentation accuracy of 92% and 96% for two different benchmark datasets is the outcome of proposed work. Consequently, the generation of less computational region-based video data makes it adaptable to improve surveillance solution in Smart Cities.
Fcγ Receptor-Dependent Internalization and Off-Target Cytotoxicity of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Aggregates
Authors: Aoyama Michihiko , Tada Minoru , Yokoo Hidetomo , Demizu Yosuke , Ishii-Watabe Akiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) conjugated with highly toxic payloads, achieve high tumor killing efficacy due to the specific delivery of payloads in accordance with mAbs’ function. On the other hand, the conjugation of payloads often increases the hydrophobicity of mAbs, resulting in reduced stability and increased aggregation. It is considered that mAb aggregates have potential risk for activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on immune cells, and are internalized into cells via FcγRs. Based on the mechanism of action of ADCs, the internalization of ADCs into target-negative cells may cause the off-target toxicity. However, the impacts of aggregation on the safety of ADCs including off-target cytotoxicity have been unclear. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of ADC aggregates in target-negative cells.

Methods
The ADC aggregates were generated by stirring stress or thermal stress. The off-target cytotoxicity of ADC aggregates was evaluated in several target-negative cell lines, and FcγR-activation properties of ADC aggregates were characterized using a reporter cell assay.

Results
Aggregation of ADCs enhanced the off-target cytotoxicity in several target-negative cell lines compared with non-stressed ADCs. Notably, ADC aggregates with FcγR-activation properties showed dramatically enhanced cytotoxicity in FcγR-expressing cells. The FcγR-mediated off-target cytotoxicity of ADC aggregates was reduced by using a FcγR-blocking antibody or Fc-engineering for silencing Fc-mediated effector functions.

Conclusions
These results indicated that FcγRs play an important role for internalization of ADC aggregates into non-target cells, and the aggregation of ADCs increases the potential risk for off-target toxicity.
Implementation of the PointPillars Network for 3D Object Detection in Reprogrammable Heterogeneous Devices Using FINN
Authors: Stanisz Joanna , Lis Konrad , Gorgon Marek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a hardware-software implementation of a deep neural network for object detection based on a point cloud obtained by a LiDAR sensor. The PointPillars network was used in the research, as it is a reasonable compromise between detection accuracy and calculation complexity. The Brevitas / PyTorch tools were used for network quantisation (described in our previous paper) and the FINN tool for hardware implementation in the reprogrammable Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC device. The obtained results show that quite a significant computation precision limitation along with a few network architecture simplifications allows the solution to be implemented on a heterogeneous embedded platform with maximum 19% AP loss in 3D, maximum 8% AP loss in BEV and execution time 375ms (the FPGA part takes 262ms). We have also compared our solution in terms of inference speed with a Vitis AI implementation proposed by Xilinx (19 Hz frame rate). Especially, we have thoroughly investigated the fundamental causes of differences in the frame rate of both solutions. The code is available at https://github.com/vision-agh/pp-finn.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance is helpful in reducing dose exposure to pediatric patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma
Authors: Fiore Francesco , Somma Francesco , D’Angelo Roberto , Tarotto Luca , Stoia Vincenzo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess efficacy and safety of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of osteoid osteoma (OO) in children and adolescents, and to compare technical success, clinical success, radiation dose and procedure duration time of CBCT guidance to conventional computed tomography (CT) guidance.

Materials and methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 53 consecutive percutaneous RFA were performed on pediatric patients with CBCT or conventional CT guidance, respectively, in 24 and 29 children and adolescents with 24-month follow-up. Dose area product (DAP) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, respectively, for CBCT and conventional CT and converted to effective doses (ED).

Results
CBCT and conventional CT groups were similar in terms of patient age and weight, tumor size and tumor location. Technical success was achieved in all cases. Primary clinical success was 91.67% (22/24) for the CBCT group and 89.66% (26/29) for the conventional CT group. Mean DAP was 64.75Gycm2 (range 6.0–266.7). Mean DLP was 972.62mGycm (range 337–2344). ED was significantly lower in the CBCT group compared to the conventional CT group (0.34 mSv vs. 5.53 mSv, p = 0.0119). Procedure duration time was not significantly longer in the CBCT group (102.25 min vs. 92.34 min, p = 0.065). No major complication was registered. Minor complications were observed in 4 patients (2 in CBCT; 2 in conventional CT).

Conclusions
Compared to conventional CT guidance, CBCT guidance for percutaneous OO ablation shows similar technical and clinical success rates, with reduced radiation dose and equivalent procedure duration time. This technique helps sparing dose exposure to pediatric patients.
Integrated petrographic and geochemical analysis of the Langobard age pottery of Szólád, Western Hungary
Authors: Bajnok Katalin , Kovács Zoltán , Gait John , Maróti Boglárka , Csippán Péter , Harsányi Ildikó , Párkányi Dénes , Skriba Péter , Winger Daniel , von Freeden Uta , Vida Tivadar , Szakmány György 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study presents the results of the petrographic and geochemical analyses of the entire pottery assemblage discovered at the sixth-century (AD) cemetery of Szólád, Western Hungary, associated with the Langobard era in the territory of the former Roman province of Pannonia. Szólád is one of the most prominent archaeological sites of this period, where prior studies have shown that the cemetery was used for ca. one or two generations by a migrating group of diverse genetic background. The present work is the first integrated typological and archaeological science pottery analysis from the early migration period (fifth to sixth century) Hungary. We applied polarising light optical microscopy (OM), prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and neutron activation analysis (NAA) on all samples and, additionally, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) on one selected sample. One main fabric group with three subgroups were defined by OM, to which the majority of the samples belong. This fabric group was characterised by aplastic inclusions derived from a carbonate-cemented sandstone typical of the environs of Szólád; therefore, the vessels of this fabric group appear to have been produced locally. The remaining four samples display a variety of unique, ungrouped, fabrics (loners) indicative of different recipes and/or the presence of pottery originating from outside of the region. Our study concludes that the community associated with the cemetery favoured burying pots with the deceased that stylistically resembled archaic “Elbe Germanic” traditions, but which were in fact made locally. However, in some cases, relationships with more distant territories and cultural traditions are also represented.
Land Use Effects on Climate: Current State, Recent Progress, and Emerging Topics
Authors: Pongratz Julia , Schwingshackl Clemens , Bultan Selma , Obermeier Wolfgang , Havermann Felix , Guo Suqi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
As demand for food and fiber, but also for negative emissions, brings most of the Earth’s land surface under management, we aim to consolidate the scientific progress of recent years on the climatic effects of global land use change, including land management, and related land cover changes (LULCC).

Recent Findings
We review the methodological advances in both modeling and observations to capture biogeochemical and biogeophysical LULCC effects and summarize the knowledge on underlying mechanisms and on the strength of their effects. Recent studies have raised or resolved several important questions related to LULCC: How can we derive CO2 fluxes related to LULCC from satellites? Why are uncertainties in LULCC-related GHG fluxes so large? How can we explain that estimates of afforestation/reforestation potentials diverge by an order of magnitude? Can we reconcile the seemingly contradicting results of models and observations concerning the cooling effect of high-latitude deforestation?

Summary
Major progress has been achieved in understanding the complementarity of modeling, observations, and inventories for estimating the impacts of various LULCC practices on carbon, energy, and water fluxes. Emerging fields are the operationalization of the recently achieved integration of approaches, such as a full greenhouse gas balance of LULCC, mapping of emissions from global models to country-reported emissions data, or model evaluation against local biogeophysical observations. Fundamental challenges remain, however, e.g., in separating anthropogenic from natural land use dynamics and accurately quantifying the first. Recent progress has laid the foundation for future research to integrate the local to global scales at which the various effects act, to create co-benefits between global mitigation, including land-based carbon dioxide removal, and changes in local climate for effective adaptation strategies.
Biochemical Changes During the First Year of Feminizing Hormone Therapy in Transfeminine Individuals
Authors: Hojbjerg Johanne Andersen , Højgaard Astrid Ditte , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Persons with assigned male sex at birth (AMAB) might wish to obtain feminization and/or demasculinization according to the person's gender identity and are therefore treated with estradiol and/or antiandrogens.

Aim
The aim was to evaluate biochemical changes and side effects in AMAB individuals treated with guideline-based feminizing hormone treatment (FHT).

Methods
Medical charts of 99 AMAB individuals ≥ 18 years referred to the Center for Gender Identity; Aalborg University hospital, Denmark, between January 2017 and July 2019 were reviewed to identify adverse side effects. Furthermore, data from the laboratory information system (Labka II) were retrieved to obtain biochemical parameters. Biochemical plasma concentrations after initiation of FHT were compared to concentrations prior to FHT and to existing guidelines.

Outcomes
After 11–19 months, 29% of the trans feminine individuals had plasma estradiol concentrations within the treatment target.

Results
The plasma concentration of estradiol varies greatly during FHT. Plasma levels of estrogen were within the treatment target after 11–19 months of treatment, whereas 100% had concentrations within the reference range for premenopausal cis-women. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of lipids and hematological parameters approached female reference ranges after 11 months of FHT.

Clinical Implications
The target levels of plasma estradiol concentrations during FHT could be expanded, making the wanted physiological changes easier to obtain.

Strengths & Limitation
This cohort study included 99 AMAB individuals and biochemical evaluation was possible in 67 individuals. Only one individual was lost during follow-up. However, the follow-up period was limited making evaluation of long-term side effects impossible.

Conclusion
Plasma concentration of estradiol varies greatly during guideline based FHT, making plasma estradiol levels within the target level difficult to attain.
The Temporal Association of Depression and Anxiety in Young Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Manalo Tad A. , Biermann Henry D. , Patil Dattatraya H. , Mehta Akanksha 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a multidimensional sexual disorder that is being increasingly diagnosed in younger men. Although mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety are known risk factors for ED, the association between these conditions and ED has been understudied in young men.

Aim
To explore the temporal association between depression, anxiety, and ED in a population-based cohort of young men.

Methods
Using 2009–2018 MarketScan Commercial Claims data, we identified all men with ED aged 18–40 years (cases). Using ICD-9/-10 codes and prescription data, we evaluated the prevalence and incidence of depression and anxiety in this cohort. Cases were matched with men without a diagnosis of ED (controls) based on age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, history of hypertension, geographic region, and year of presentation. We examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety within 12 months prior to ED diagnosis and incidence of depression and anxiety up to 36 months after ED diagnosis in cases vs controls. Differences between cases and controls were tested with Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical covariates, and chi-square test for categorical covariates. Significance was set at P &lt; .05.

Outcomes
Prevalence and incidence of depression and anxiety in young men with and without ED.

Results
Within the 12-month period preceding ED diagnosis, the prevalence of depression and anxiety in cases vs controls were 17.1% vs 12.9%, respectively (P &lt; .001). The incidence of depression and anxiety were higher amongst cases vs controls at 12- (11.7% vs 6.3%), 24- (14.5% vs 9.0%,) and 36- (15.9% vs 10.6%) months following ED diagnosis (P &lt; .001).

Clinical Implications
High incidence and prevalence of depression and anxiety in young men diagnosed with ED highlight the importance of normalizing mental health screenings and routine psychiatric follow-up in this population.

Strengths & Limitations
Our contemporary, case-control study utilizes a population-based cohort of young men with ED to study the temporal association between depression, anxiety, and ED, which is understudied to date. The MarketScan commercial claims database used in this analysis includes men covered by private insurers only and lacks data on symptoms and treatments.

Conclusion
Young men with ED had significantly higher rates of depression and anxiety both before and after ED diagnosis in comparison to young men without ED.
IMPROVING AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CLAIMS FREQUENCY PREDICTION WITH TELEMATICS CAR DRIVING DATA
Authors: Meng Shengwang , Wang He , Shi Yanlin , Gao Guangyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel navigation applications provide a driving behavior score for each finished trip to promote safe driving, which is mainly based on experts’ domain knowledge. In this paper, with automobile insurance claims data and associated telematics car driving data, we propose a supervised driving risk scoring neural network model. This one-dimensional convolutional neural network takes time series of individual car driving trips as input and returns a risk score in the unit range of (0,1). By incorporating credibility average risk score of each driver, the classical Poisson generalized linear model for automobile insurance claims frequency prediction can be improved significantly. Hence, compared with non-telematics-based insurers, telematics-based insurers can discover more heterogeneity in their portfolio and attract safer drivers with premiums discounts.
Clinical and translational science award T32/TL1 training programs: program goals and mentorship practices
Authors: Sancheznieto Fátima , Sorkness Christine A. , Attia Jacqueline , Buettner Kathryn , Edelman David , Hobbs Stuart , McIntosh Scott , McManus Linda M. , Sandberg Kathryn , Schnaper H. William , Scholl Linda , Umans Jason G. , Weavers Karen , Windebank Anthony , McCormack Wayne T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
A national survey characterized training and career development for translational researchers through Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) T32/TL1 programs. This report summarizes program goals, trainee characteristics, and mentorship practices.

Methods:
A web link to a voluntary survey was emailed to 51 active TL1 program directors and administrators. Descriptive analyses were performed on aggregate data. Qualitative data analysis used open coding of text followed by an axial coding strategy based on the grounded theory approach.

Results:
Fifty out of 51 (98%) invited CTSA hubs responded. Training program goals were aligned with the CTSA mission. The trainee population consisted of predoctoral students (50%), postdoctoral fellows (30%), and health professional students in short-term (11%) or year-out (9%) research training. Forty percent of TL1 programs support both predoctoral and postdoctoral trainees. Trainees are diverse by academic affiliation, mostly from medicine, engineering, public health, non-health sciences, pharmacy, and nursing. Mentor training is offered by most programs, but mandatory at less than one-third of them. Most mentoring teams consist of two or more mentors.

Conclusions:
CTSA TL1 programs are distinct from other NIH-funded training programs in their focus on clinical and translational research, cross-disciplinary approaches, emphasis on team science, and integration of multiple trainee types. Trainees in nearly all TL1 programs were engaged in all phases of translational research (preclinical, clinical, implementation, public health), suggesting that the CTSA TL1 program is meeting the mandate of NCATS to provide training to develop the clinical and translational research workforce.