bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus PCR in 2230 explanted corneal buttons
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Berkó‐Göttel Barbara , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Stachon Tanja , Pluzsik Milán Tamás , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Smola Sigrun , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA prevalence and mean cycle threshold of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in corneal tissue of patients with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), with (HSK+) and without (HSK−) previous clinical herpetic keratitis history.MethodsRetrospective review of recipient corneal buttons which were explanted through PKP between March 2010 and September 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center in Homburg/Saar, Germany. Corneal tissue samples were analysed by real‐time PCR for the presence of HSV DNA. For each subject, clinical data, including patients’ demographics and clinical diagnoses, were collected.ResultsIn total, 2230 corneal samples (age at the time of the surgery 57.3 ± 19.2 years) of 1860 patients were analysed. HSV PCR was positive in 137 (6.1%) corneal samples, with a 30.57 ± 6.01 (range 14–39) mean cycle threshold (Ct) value. Two hundred ninety‐eight (13.4%) corneas of 266 patients were clinically HSK+, and 1932 (86.6%) corneas of 1600 patients were clinically HSK−. HSV DNA was detected significantly more frequently (p < 0.0001) in HSK+ corneal samples (108 corneal samples; 36.2%), than in HSK− corneal samples (29 corneal samples; 1.5%). Ct value was significantly lower in HSK+ than in HSK‐ corneal samples (29.8 ± 5.8 versus 32.6 ± 5.9; p = 0.008).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that a positive clinical history of HSK is related to HSV PCR positivity in about every 2.8th patient. In addition, about every 66th explanted corneal tissue is HSV PCR‐positive despite the lack of clinical suspicion. These patients may need additional local/systemic antiviral treatment to avoid newly acquired HSK following penetrating keratoplasty.
Repeatability and inter‐observer variation of choroidal thickness measurements using swept‐source optical coherence tomography in myopic danish children aged 6–14 years
Authors: Asmussen Anders , Smith Bjarke S. , Møller Flemming , Jakobsen Trine M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate repeatability and inter‐observer variation of choroidal thickness measurements in myopic Danish children aged 7–14 years using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT).MethodsThirty‐nine children were enrolled. Optical correction was single‐vision spectacles (SVS) or orthokeratology lenses (OKL). Three repeated 7 × 7 mm 3‐dimensional SS‐OCT macula scans and three repeated 9 mm SS‐OCT line scans were collected for each child using a DRI OCT Triton. Choroidal thickness was measured using three different methods: line scan method 1 (LM1), line scan method 2 (LM2) and 3D macula scan method (3DM). Segmentation was adjusted if needed. Coefficients of repeatability (CR) and limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated.ResultsThe CRs ranged from 13.4 to 23.9 µm, 14.5 to 26.2 µm and 5.2 to 10.7 µm for LM1, LM2 and 3DM, respectively. The LoA ranged from −22.9 to +31.5 µm, −23.3 to +32.2 µm and −10.2 to +12.4 µm for LM1, LM2 and 3DM, respectively. Segmentation was adjusted in most scans (63%–92%). Mean choroidal thickness ranged from 142.2 ± 47.2 to 253.8 ± 60.9 µm and 190.1 ± 64.0 to 299.0 ± 55.8 µm for the SVS and OKL groups, respectively, measured by 3DM.ConclusionThe 3DM was the most repeatable method in this paediatric population. It yielded a CR of 10.7 µm, confidence interval 2.4 µm, which makes the minimal detectable difference between two measurements 13.1 µm. Most inter‐observer variation could be explained by the intramethod variation. Segmentation adjustment on 3D macula scans did not increase CR on a group level.
The role of goal adjustment during rehabilitation from stroke
Authors: Cho Yongwon , Hamm Jeremy M. , Heckhausen Jutta , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated motivational regulation involving adjustment of recovery goals in post‐stroke rehabilitation via standard in‐clinic physiotherapy and in‐home telerehabilitation (TR). We used a secondary dataset collected at 11 US sites as part of a clinical trial using video games and game control pads designed to induce certain arm movements required for recovery (n = 124; Mage = 61.44, SD = 13.30). Participants were randomly assigned to either the TR or in‐clinic condition and underwent 36 therapy sessions, reporting on their activity‐inherent enjoyment for 6–8 weeks. Compared with the in‐clinic patients and TR patients with high game performance, TR patients with lower game performance reported lower activity‐inherent enjoyment, which is an important motivational resource for successful recovery. The results suggest that these differences occur because TR patients become discouraged by low game score feedback, which may have signaled a poor prospect for recovery. However, the results also suggest that low game performers who successfully adjusted their recovery goals were resilient to the impact of low game score feedback on their motivational resources and satisfaction with therapy. The findings suggest that goal adjustment may be particularly beneficial when patients are discouraged by feedback indicating suboptimal recovery prospects.
Personality and environmental outcomes: The role of moral anger in channeling climate change action and pro‐environmental behavior
Authors: Panno Angelo , De Cristofaro Valeria , Oliveti Camilla , Carrus Giuseppe , Donati Maria Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe overarching aim of the present research is to investigate whether and how HEXACO personality traits relate to climate change action, pro‐environmental behavior, and moral anger. A sample of 268 community participants provided responses for measures of the HEXACO model, moral anger, intention to engage in climate change action, and pro‐environmental behavior. Hierarchical tests indicated that (1) Openness to Experience outperformed the other HEXACO personality traits in predicting climate change action, whereas (2) both Openness to Experience and Honesty–Humility outperformed the other HEXACO personality traits in predicting pro‐environmental behavior, controlling for participants’ gender, age, education, and employment status. Specifically, mediation analyses showed that (3) Openness to Experience was related to climate change action both directly and indirectly via moral anger. Furthermore, (4) Openness to Experience and Honesty–Humility were independently related to pro‐environmental behavior both directly and indirectly via moral anger.
Targeting vulnerable populations: The ethical implications of data mining, automated prediction, and focused marketing
Authors: Callanan Gerard A. , Perri David F. , Tomkowicz Sandra M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the ethically questionable business strategies of data mining and automated prediction with respect to vulnerable populations of consumers. It first provides a summary of the privacy and ethical issues that arise when high‐tech internet‐based organizations collect and analyze large quantities of personal data from the users of their systems and how these data are analyzed to make assumptions and projections on individual behaviors. It then discusses how these actions might be technically legal but violate established moral and ethical standards. The paper also highlights the role that governments can play in limiting the ability of large tech‐based companies to mine personal information for commercial application. The article closes with suggestions for future research.
Manifestations of corporate social responsibility as sensemaking and sensegiving in a hydrocarbon industry
Authors: Andrews Nathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a large body of literature that examines different dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Africa, with many focusing on the false promises of these corporate initiatives. Contrary to simplistic claims of CSR being merely window‐dressing, however, this paper reveals that although several rhetorical proclamations underpin the idea, such statements are often given instrumental meaning through diverse mechanisms (e.g., interpretation of cues toward the proactive (re)construction of identity, (inter)subjective discourses on social legitimacy, and acts of “issue selling”) that help to enact particular characteristics of the corporation. The paper specifically employs the organizational concepts of sensemaking and sensegiving to explain how, through CSR activities, hydrocarbon companies in Ghana construct and (re)affirm a particular reality for its stakeholders. The findings suggest that by having significant leverage over the (re)construction of its identity and claims around social legitimacy and performance, the corporation gives sense to and further sustains its authority over societal norms and expectations around what social responsibility entails. The evidence presented contributes to scholarship that considers the corporation as a complex nexus of multiple relations, contested narratives, and practices.
Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has potential but is not sufficient: How can it better meet the range of primary care mental health needs?
Authors: Martin Carla , Iqbal Zaffer , Airey Nicola D. , Marks Lucy 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme has been impactful in increasing access to psychological therapies at primary care level. However, it remains unclear whether IAPT’s widely disseminated achievements include the reduction in service users’ transition to secondary care services and whether IAPT services are providing interventions that match the level of complexity of presenting problems of those who are referred.AimsThis review sets out to clarify the clinical characteristics of IAPT cohorts, whether the interventions provided target these characteristics, and whether outcomes are related to the use of the stepped‐care model advocated in the operationalization of IAPT services.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken on PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Embase using the terms: IAPT, anxiety, and depression.ResultsOf 472 paper identified, 24 articles were deemed pertinent. It appears that IAPT cohorts are complex and current service delivery frameworks may not meet their needs. IAPT developments and research for long‐term physical health conditions and serious mental illness have been recently advocated, though whether these are sufficient and viable when set in IAPT’s prescriptive backdrop remains unclear.ConclusionsImproving Access to Psychological Therapies provision and research at present does not adequately consider the complexity of its clientele in the context of treatment outcomes and service delivery. Recommendations are provided for future research and practice to tackle these deficiencies.Practitioner Points
Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) has significantly increased access to psychological therapies within primary care over the last decade, though it is unclear whether its interventions are sufficiently tailored to meet the actual levels of complexity of its clientele and prevent them from needing onward referral to secondary care as originally envisaged.
Given the ongoing focus on and investment in IAPT informed developments into long‐term conditions and serious mental illness, this review considers whether additional elucidation of the model’s original objectives is required, as a precursor to its expansion into other clinical areas.
The review indicates that there is a stark lack of data pertaining to the generalisable, real‐world clinical benefits of the IAPT programme as it currently stands.
Recommendations are provided for future areas of research, and practice enhancements to ensure the value of IAPT services to clients in the wider context of NHS mental health services, including the interface with secondary care, are considered.
Distinct maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes in women with sickle cell disease can be predicted using routine clinical and laboratory data
Authors: Malinowski A. Kinga , Kuo Kevin H. M. , Tomlinson George A. , Palcu Patricia , Ward Richard , Shehata Nadine 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe aimed to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes in pregnancies of women with sickle cell disease (SCD) and develop risk prediction models. Models were derived from a retrospective cohort of pregnant women with SCD and constructed using generalised estimating equation logistic regression, with clustering by woman. Maternal event(s) consisted of acute anaemia; cardiac, pulmonary, hepatobiliary, musculoskeletal, skin, splenic, neurological or renal complications, multi‐organ failure, venous thromboembolism, admission‐requiring vaso‐occlusive events (VOE), red cell transfusion, mortality or hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Fetal events included preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational‐age or perinatal mortality. Of 199 pregnancies, 71% and 45% resulted in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes respectively. Low first‐trimester haemoglobin, admission‐requiring VOE in the year before pregnancy, multiple transfusions before pregnancy, SCD genotype and previous cardiac complications predicted maternal risk. Younger age and SCD genotype allowed early prediction of fetal risk (model‐F1). Adding maternal event(s) and high lactate dehydrogenase enabled re‐assessment of fetal risk with advancing gestation (model‐F2). Models were well calibrated and moderately discriminative for maternal outcome (c‐statistic 0·81, cross‐validated value 0·79) and fetal outcome (model‐F1 c‐statistic 0·68, cross‐validated value 0·65; model‐F2 c‐statistic 0·72, cross‐validated value 0·68). The models will allow early identification of women with SCD at high risk of adverse events, permitting early targeted interventions and ongoing fetal risk re‐assessment enabling intensification of surveillance and optimisation of delivery timing.
Non‐invasive quantification of pressure‐volume loops from cardiovascular magnetic resonance at rest and during dobutamine stress
Authors: Sjöberg Pia , Seemann Felicia , Arheden Håkan , Heiberg Einar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐invasive quantification of pressure‐volume (PV) loops from brachial pressure and cardiovascular magnetic resonance is a validated method but its application has been limited to resting heart rates. The aim of this study was to improve the previous method and validate it against invasive left‐ventricular pressure measurements in an experimental porcine model, and further apply it to 16 healthy humans at rest and during dobutamine stress. In addition, the improved method calculates the arterial elastance which provides the computation of the ratio of effective arterial (Ea) to maximal ventricular elastance (Emax) representing the ventricular‐arterial coupling. In the porcine model, the differences between the improved non‐invasively derived PV loops and invasively measured PV loops were for stroke work (mean ± SD) 0.00 ± 0.03 J, ventricular efficiency −1.1 ± 0.4%, and contractility 1.1 ± 0.1 mmHg/ml. In human subjects during dobutamine stress, stroke work increased from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.4 J, ventricular efficiency from 71 ± 4 to 82 ± 4%, contractility from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 2.3 ± 0.6 mmHg/ml, and the ratio of arterial to ventricular elastance decreased from 0.96 to 0.56. The improved method for non‐invasive PV loops constitutes a more robust diagnostic tool for cardiac disease states in a wider range of study cohorts at both rest and during stress.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and bioequivalence of lower‐sodium oxybate in healthy participants in two open‐label, randomized, crossover studies
Authors: Chen Cuiping , Jenkins Jack , Zomorodi Katie , Skowronski Roman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine practice parameters designate sodium oxybate (SXB) as a standard of care for cataplexy, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and disrupted night‐time sleep in narcolepsy. Recently, a lower‐sodium oxybate (LXB) with 92% less sodium than SXB was approved in the United States for the treatment of cataplexy or EDS in patients 7 years of age and older with narcolepsy. Two phase I, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose crossover pharmacokinetic studies in healthy adults were conducted. Single 4.5‐g oral doses of LXB and SXB were administered in a fasted or fed state. In the fasted state at equivalent oxybate doses, LXB, compared with SXB, had a lower maximum plasma concentration (Cmax; study 1 [total aqueous volume, 240 ml]: 101.8 vs. 135.7 µg/ml; study 2 [60 ml]: 94.6 vs. 123.0 μg/ml), delayed time to Cmax (Tmax; study 1: 0.75 vs. 0.5 h; study 2: 1.0 vs. 0.5 h), but similar area under the curve (AUC; study 1: AUC0‐t, 235.4 vs. 263.9 μg∙h/ml; AUC0‐∞, 236.5 vs. 265.2 μg∙h/ml; study 2: AUC0‐t, 241.5 vs. 254.7 μg∙h/ml; AUC0‐∞, 243.1 vs. 256.3 μg∙h/ml). Bioequivalence criteria were met for AUC but not Cmax (both studies). Cmax and AUC were lower under fed than fasted conditions (LXB and SXB); differences between fed versus fasted were smaller for LXB than SXB. These pharmacokinetic differences between LXB and SXB are likely due to the lower sodium content in LXB. Pooled analyses demonstrated that a higher Cmax is associated with a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting.
Immune‐viral dynamics modeling for SARS‐CoV‐2 drug development
Authors: Cao Youfang , Gao Wei , Caro Luzelena , Stone Julie A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) global pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral infection, which can lead to pneumonia, lung injury, and death in susceptible populations. Understanding viral dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical for development of effective treatments. An Immune‐Viral Dynamics Model (IVDM) is developed to describe SARS‐CoV‐2 viral dynamics and COVID‐19 disease progression. A dataset of 60 individual patients with COVID‐19 with clinical viral load (VL) and reported disease severity were assembled from literature. Viral infection and replication mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2, viral‐induced cell death, and time‐dependent immune response are incorporated in the model to describe the dynamics of viruses and immune response. Disease severity are tested as a covariate to model parameters. The IVDM was fitted to the data and parameters were estimated using the nonlinear mixed‐effect model. The model can adequately describe individual viral dynamics profiles, with disease severity identified as a covariate on infected cell death rate. The modeling suggested that it takes about 32.6 days to reach 50% of maximum cell‐based immunity. Simulations based on virtual populations suggested a typical mild case reaches VL limit of detection (LOD) by 13 days with no treatment, a moderate case by 17 days, and a severe case by 41 days. Simulations were used to explore hypothetical treatments with different initiation time, disease severity, and drug effects to demonstrate the usefulness of such modeling in informing decisions. Overall, the IVDM modeling and simulation platform enables simulations for viral dynamics and treatment efficacy and can be used to aid in clinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and dose‐efficacy response analysis for COVID‐19 drug development.
Diagnostic added value of interictal magnetic source imaging in presurgical evaluation of persons with epilepsy: A prospective blinded study
Authors: Tripathi Manjari , Kaur Kirandeep , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Viswanathan Vibhin , Bharti Kamal , Singh Gaurav , Singh Vivek , Garg Ajay , Bal Chandra Sekhar , Tripathi Madhavi , Sharma Mehar Chand , Pandey Ravindra , Dash Deepa , Mandal Pravat , Chandra Poodipedi Sarat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIn presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery, information is sourced from various imaging modalities to accurately localize the epileptogenic zone. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a newer noninvasive technique for localization. However, there is limited literature to evaluate if MEG provides additional advantage over the conventional imaging modalities in clinical decision making. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic added value of MEG in decision making before epilepsy surgery.MethodThis was a prospective observational study. Patients underwent 3 h of recording in a MEG scanner, and the resulting localizations were compared with other complimentary investigations. Added value of MEG (considered separately from high‐density electroencephalography) was defined as the frequency of cases in which (i) the information provided by magnetic source imaging (MSI) avoided implantation of intracranial electrodes and the patient was directly cleared for surgery, and (ii) MSI indicated additional substrates for implantation of intracranial electrodes. Postoperative seizure freedom was used as the diagnostic reference by which to measure the localizing accuracy of MSI.ResultsA total of 102 patients underwent epilepsy surgery. MEG provided nonredundant information, which contributed to deciding the course of surgery in 33% of the patients, and prevented intracranial recordings in 19%. A total of 76% of the patients underwent surgical resection in sublobes concordant with MSI localization, and the diagnostic odds ratio for good (Engel I) outcome in these patients was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 0.68, 7.86; p = 0.183) after long‐term follow‐up of 36 months.ConclusionMagnetic source imaging yields additional useful information which can significantly alter as well as improve the surgical strategy for persons with epilepsy.
Tuning structural parameters of neural networks using genetic algorithm: A credit scoring application
Authors: Kazemi Hamid Reza , Khalili‐Damghani Kaveh , Sadi‐Nezhad Soheil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeural networks (NNs) have successfully been applied to classification problems including credit scoring. The tuning of the structural parameters of the NNs has a direct impact on their accuracy. In this paper, a hybrid approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to adjust the structural parameters of a classifier NN to achieve high accuracy. Two well‐known credit scoring datasets—Australian and German datasets—are used to test the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid approach is able to successfully tune the structural parameters, while the accuracy of classification is enhanced and its complexity dramatically diminished in comparison with other existing approaches. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been investigated through statistical analysis The best‐known solutions achieved by the proposed approach have an accuracy equal to 97.78% and 87.1% for Australian and German datasets, respectively. The results indicate 2.68% and 0.1% improvement in comparison with the best results reported in the literature, respectively. This improvement is important for real cases in which millions of loans are allocated using credit scoring approaches.