bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bismuthonium‐ and pyrylium‐based radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxides
Authors: Taschner Roland , Knaack Patrick , Liska Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCationic polymerization is a powerful tool when it comes to adhesive, coating, composite, and bulk material production. A variety of monomers is suitable for this technique, however epoxy‐based systems are used in many applications, due to their high reactivity and versatility. With the introduction of the radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP), an even more efficient pathway to cure epoxides and with it a variety of new applications was obtained. The prevailing initiator class for RICFP applications is the iodonium salt. Decades of research and fine‐tuning of the formulations lead to a highly effective and versatile initiator system. With the introduction of bismuth‐ and oxygen‐based onium salts for frontal polymerization, the well‐known iodonium salt is challenged. Bismuthonium hexafluoroantimonates shows high rate of polymerization and conversions of 84% in an epoxy system. The advantage of bismuthonium‐based systems is the pot life of the formulations, which can be cured at the press of a button. In this study, iodonium salts last around 3 days before a significant viscosity increase is measured, while the bismuthonium initiator lasts over 10 times as long with no significant drop in reactivity or frontal velocity.
Preparation and Properties of NC/TATB/Bu‐NENA/TMETN Low Sensitive Gun Propellants
Authors: Song Yufang , Xiao Leqin , Zhou Weiliang , He Xu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSafety improvements in the field of energetic materials promoted the development of insensitive gun propellants. A low sensitive gun propellant was prepared by traditional extrusion using nitrocellulose (NC) as a binder, 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) as insensitive solid energetic filler, N‐butyl‐N‐nitramine (Bu‐NENA) as insensitive plasticizer, trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN) as co‐plasticizer, and graphite as thermal conductive filler. The density of gun propellants obtained was 1.611 g ⋅ cm−3 which was almost equaled to the theoretical density of 1.615 g ⋅ cm−3. The gun propellants exhibited excellent mechanical properties, especially cryogenic mechanical property, with the impact strength of 12.4 kJ ⋅ m−2 and the compressive strength of 157.1 MPa at −40 °C. The closed bomb test was conducted to investigate the energy and combustion performance. The results showed that the gun propellants had stable and regular combustion properties at a pressure up to 600 MPa. The burning rate pressure index n was about 1, and the impetus f and covolume α were 1045 kJ ⋅ kg−1 and 0.9764 cm3 ⋅ g−1 respectively. The vulnerabilities of the prepared gun propellants were evaluated by bullet impact, fragment impacts, sympathetic detonation, fast cook‐off, and slow cook‐off tests. The results showed that no response that was more severe than burning in test bombs was observed in bullet impact, fast cook‐off, and slow cook‐off tests under the given conditions. Moreover, a partially combustion reaction occurred in the fragment impact test with no obvious burning reaction in the sympathetic detonation test. It demonstrates that the prepared gun propellants possess good low vulnerability characteristics.
A trivalent TNF‐R2 as a new tumor necrosis factor alpha‐blocking molecule
Authors: Contreras María A. , Macaya Luis , Manrique Viana , Camacho Frank , González Alain , Montesinos Raquel , Toledo Jorge R. , Sánchez Oliberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) with biopharmaceuticals is a successful therapy for inflammatory diseases. Currently, one of the main TNFα‐antagonists is Etanercept, a dimeric TNF‐R2 ectodomain. Considering that TNFα and its receptors are homotrimers, we proposed that a trimeric TNF‐R2 ectodomain could be an innovative TNFα‐antagonist. Here, the 3cTNFR2 protein was designed by the fusion of the TNF‐R2 ectodomain with the collagen XV trimerization domain. 3cTNFR2 was produced in HEK293 cells and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Monomers, dimers, and trimers of 3cTNFR2 were detected. The interaction 3cTNFR2‐TNFα was assessed. By microscale thermophoresis, the KD value for the interaction was 4.17 ± 0.88 nM, and complexes with different molecular weights were detected by size exclusion chromatography‐high performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, 3cTNFR2 neutralized the TNFα‐induced cytotoxicity totally in vitro. Although more studies are required to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect, the results suggest that 3cTNFR2 could be a TNFα‐antagonist agent.
A Gaussian process approach for monitoring autocorrelated batch production processes
Authors: Alshraideh Hussam , Rababah Mu'men , Al‐Hawari Tarek , Bataineh Omar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn statistical process monitoring, statistical control tools are used to identify deviations from normal operating conditions. In many industrial processes, such as batch production processes, multiple process variables must be monitored as they play a key role in the quality of the final product. Several monitoring tools are found in the literature that deal with the case of multiple process variables, but a few of them deal with the case of autocorrelated data. Existing tools that are used to monitor autocorrelated process variables have two main drawbacks. First, they are run offline. That is, monitoring is performed at the end of the production cycle and hence no corrective actions can be made. Second, these tools utilize dimensionality reduction techniques to solve for computational complexity issues. A Gaussian Process–based modeling approach is proposed in this work to monitor batch production processes online. The proposed monitoring approach takes into consideration of both the correlation between process variables and the within variable autocorrelations. A simulated and two real data sets were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed modeling approach. Model performance metrics showed that the proposed modeling approach has similar performance to the optimal case of Shewhart type control charts. Process status classification accuracy of about 92–98% were achieved for the cases considered.
Preparation of Cysteine‐Functionalized Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Determination of Cu2+
Authors: Liu Dan , Tan Heping , Meng Lili , Jia Hailang , Zhou Wenjuan , Wu Haiyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCysteine‐functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by thiol‐ene click reaction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area (BET) analysis and pore size distribution analysis. The obtained magnetic materials were employed as a magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent combined with inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) for determination of Cu2+. Several parameters affecting extraction efficiency, including eluent concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent amounts, and sample pH were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the method was validated. Within the concentration range of 0.01–20 μg mL−1, The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.002 μg mL−1 and 0.007 μg mL−1, respectively. The adsorption percentage of Cu2+ ions remained above 87.0 % when the adsorption‐desorption data of Cu2+ ions through three cycles of the successive adsorption and desorption process. The results show that a reliable and rapid method was established for determination of Cu2+ ions.
Efficient Electrochemical Determination of Catechol with Hydroquinone at Poly (L‐Serine) Layered Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Harshitha Bekya T. , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Pushpanjali Pemmatte A. , Karthik Chimatahalli S. , Sandeep Shadakshari , Mallu Puttaswamappa , D'Souza Edwin , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Anwer Md. Khalid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current endeavour presents the poly(L‐serine) modified carbon paste electrode (PLSMCPE) fabricated through an electropolymerization methodology for the electrochemical analysis of catechol (CC). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images of unmodified and PLSMCPE were examined to study the surface structure and the formation of polymer layer on the electrode surface. The PLSMCPE was functionalized for the voltammetric detection and quantification of CC in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with a pH of 6.5. In contrast to unmodified electrode the PLSMCPE presented to have nine‐fold enhancement in peak current and shift in anodic peak potential towards negative domain. The CV method showed good linear correlation between the concentration of CC and the oxidation peak current in the range from 2–50 μM, and the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were achieved to be 0.259 μM and 0.869 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this sensor is used to determine the analytical response in the co‐existence of CC and hydroquinone (HQ). The modified electrode is effectively functionalised for the analysis of CC in coffee powder sample.
Solid‐state Synthesis of Ni Decorated Needle Coke as Low‐cost Pt‐free Counter Electrode for Efficient Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Liguo , Mao Wei , Yu Furong , Su Ting , Chen Jie , He Huiyi , Zou Mingyue , Wang Shaoji , Lin Jianmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo seek a Pt‐free carbon material counter electrode for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the electrocatalytic activity of needle coke (NC) for the reduction of triiodide in DSSCs was investigated, and further improved by decorating with Ni to prepare Ni decorated needle coke (Ni‐NC) via a one‐step solid‐state synthesis method. It is found that the NC is a potential carbon counter electrode material for DSSCs due to its high‐density anisotropy with considerable conductivity. Although the decoration of Ni may sacrifice certain conductivity of NC, the electrocatalytic activity of Ni‐NC towards reduction of triiodide was better than that of NC. To obtain a balanced point of conductivity and electrocatalytic performance for Ni‐NC, the loading amount of Ni together with the solid‐state synthesis conditions were also studied. It is indicated that these parameters also have some effect on the performance of Ni‐NC. Under the optimized conditions, the DSSCs based on Ni‐NC counter electrode achieve an 77 % higher energy conversion efficiency of 4.39 % than that of NC counter electrode (2.48 %), and comparable to the value (5.34 %) obtains with Pt counter electrode. It is an efficient way to improve the performance of NC by decorating with Ni via a facile solid‐state synthesis method, and promote the application of needle coke as carbon counter electrode materials in DSSCs.
A New Normal Form for Monodromic Nilpotent Singularities of Planar Vector Fields
Authors: Algaba Antonio , García Cristóbal , Giné Jaume 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a new technique for solving the center problem for nilpotent singularities which consists of determining a new normal form conveniently adapted to study the center problem for this singularity. In fact, it is a pre-normal form with respect to classical Bogdanov–Takens normal formal and it allows to approach the center problem more efficiently. The new normal form is applied to several examples.
Bi-Hamiltonian Structure of Spin Sutherland Models: The Holomorphic Case
Authors: Fehér L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe construct a bi-Hamiltonian structure for the holomorphic spin Sutherland hierarchy based on collective spin variables. The construction relies on Poisson reduction of a bi-Hamiltonian structure on the holomorphic cotangent bundle of $$\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb {C})$$

GL
(
n
,
C
)

, which itself arises from the canonical symplectic structure and the Poisson structure of the Heisenberg double of the standard $$\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb {C})$$

GL
(
n
,
C
)

Poisson–Lie group. The previously obtained bi-Hamiltonian structures of the hyperbolic and trigonometric real forms are recovered on real slices of the holomorphic spin Sutherland model.
Identification of male produced compounds in the bark beetle Polygraphus subopacus and establishment of (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol as an aggregation pheromone component
Authors: Viklund Lina , Bång Joakim , Schroeder Martin , Hedenström Erik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBark beetles of the genus Polygraphus have recently been involved in large bark beetle outbreaks in central Sweden, together with the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Three species of Polygraphus can be found in this region; Polygraphus poligraphus, Polygraphus punctifrons and Polygraphus subopacus. Efficient pheromone traps would facilitate further investigations of these species and their role in bark beetle outbreaks. Pheromone compounds have previously been identified in P. poligraphus and P. punctifrons, but not in P. subopacus. Thus, we allowed males and females of P. subopacus to bore in the bark of stem sections of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the laboratory. Volatile organic compounds from boring insects were sampled with SPME and analysed with GC–MS and several male-specific compounds were observed. The male specific compounds were 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-butenal, grandisol, fragranol, (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, geranial and γ-isogeraniol. (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, [(Z)-DMCHE], was identified from GC–MS analysis to be the major male-specific compound while the (E)-isomer, [(E)-DMCHE], was found as a minor compound. These two compounds gave positive responses in EAG analyses with antennae from males and females of P. subopacus. Thus, (Z)- and (E)-DMCHE were used in a field experiment in central Sweden but only (Z)-DMCHE was found to be attractive to males and females of P. subopacus. Consequently, (Z)-DMCHE was established to be a component of P. subopacus aggregation pheromone.
Diagnostik und Therapie traumatischer Aortenverletzungen
Authors: Benz R. M. , Makaloski V. , Brönnimann M. , Mertineit N. , von Tengg-Kobligk H. 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Traumatische Aortenverletzungen (TAV) sind seltene Folgen von stumpfen Traumata, die eine hohe Mortalität und Morbidität aufweisen. Die schnelle und akkurate Diagnostik sowie die Wahl der korrekten Therapie sind für das Patientenüberleben elementar.

Fragestellung
Bestimmung des aktuellen Standards der Abklärung von TAV im akuten Trauma-Setting und Evaluation der aktuellen Leitlinien zur Therapie.

Material und Methode
Eine Literaturrecherche wurde durchgeführt, mit der Suche nach Publikationen, die die Abklärung und Diagnostik der TAV beschreiben. Außerdem wurden Leitlinien für die Behandlung und Nachsorge von TAV zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse
In der Literatur wird trotz geringer Spezifität eine konventionelle Thoraxröntgenaufnahme als Initialdiagnostik genannt. Es sollte primär, als Modalität der Wahl, zur Diagnostik und zur Therapiestratifizierung eine Computertomographie (CT) aufgrund der hohen Sensitivität und Spezifität nachfolgen. In allen Leitlinien ist die thorakale endovaskuläre Aortenrekonstruktion („thoracic endovascular aortic repair“, TEVAR) die Therapie der Wahl bei höhergradigen TAV (Grade II–IV) und hat die offene Chirurgie in dem meisten Fällen abgelöst.

Schlussfolgerung
Nach einer kurzfristig erfolgten CT-Diagnostik und Einteilung wird die TEVAR der offenen Chirurgie bei therapiebedürftigen TAV vorgezogen.
A pipeline for making 31P NMR accessible for small- and large-scale lipidomics studies
Authors: Furse Samuel , Williams Huw E. L. , Watkins Adam J. , Virtue Samuel , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Amarsi Risha , Charalambous Marika , Koulman Albert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetailed molecular analysis is of increasing importance in research into the regulation of biochemical pathways, organismal growth and disease. Lipidomics in particular is increasingly sought after as it provides insight into molecular species involved in energy storage, signalling and fundamental cellular structures. This has led to the use of a range of tools and techniques to acquire lipidomics data. 31P NMR for lipidomics offers well-resolved head group/lipid class analysis, structural data that can be used to inform and strengthen interpretation of mass spectrometry data and part of a priori structural determination. In the present study, we codify the use of 31P NMR for lipidomics studies to make the technique more accessible to new users and more useful for a wider range of questions. The technique can be used in isolation (phospholipidomics) or as a part of determining lipid composition (lipidomics). We describe the process from sample extraction to data processing and analysis. This pipeline is important because it allows greater thoroughness in lipidomics studies and increases scope for answering scientific questions about lipid-containing systems.
The anesthetic approach for endovascular recanalization therapy depends on the lesion site in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Fröhlich Kilian , Siedler Gabriela , Stoll Svenja , Macha Kosmas , Kinfe Thomas M. , Doerfler Arnd , Eisenhut Felix , Engelhorn Tobias , Hoelter Philip , Lang Stefan , Muehlen Iris , Schmidt Manuel , Kallmünzer Bernd , Schwab Stefan , Seifert Frank , Winder Klemens , Knott Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Endovascular therapy (EVT) of large-vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may be performed in general anesthesia (GA) or conscious sedation (CS). We intended to determine the contribution of ischemic cerebral lesion sites on the physician’s decision between GA and CS using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM).

Methods
In a prospective local database, we sought patients with documented AIS and EVT. Age, stroke severity, lesion volume, vigilance, and aphasia scores were compared between EVT patients with GA and CS. The ischemic lesions were analyzed on CT or MRI scans and transformed into stereotaxic space. We determined the lesion overlap and assessed whether GA or CS is associated with specific cerebral lesion sites using the voxel-wise Liebermeister test.

Results
One hundred seventy-nine patients with AIS and EVT were included in the analysis. The VLSM analysis yielded associations between GA and ischemic lesions in the left hemispheric middle cerebral artery territory and posterior circulation areas. Stroke severity and lesion volume were significantly higher in the GA group. The prevalence of aphasia and aphasia severity was significantly higher and parameters of vigilance lower in the GA group.

Conclusions
The VLSM analysis showed associations between GA and ischemic lesions in the left hemispheric middle cerebral artery territory and posterior circulation areas including the thalamus that are known to cause neurologic deficits, such as aphasia or compromised vigilance, in AIS-patients with EVT. Our data suggest that higher disability, clinical impairment due to neurological deficits like aphasia, or reduced alertness of affected patients may influence the physician’s decision on using GA in EVT.
Less is more—the best test for anastomotic leaks in rectal cancer patients prior to ileostomy reversal
Authors: Lindner Simon , Eitelbuss Steffen , Hetjens Svetlana , Gawlitza Joshua , Hardt Julia , Seyfried Steffen , Galata Christian , Reissfelder Christoph , Sandra-Petrescu Flavius , Herrle Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
No clear consensus exists on how to routinely assess the integrity of the colorectal anastomosis prior to ileostomy reversal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of contrast enema, endoscopic procedures, and digital rectal examination in rectal cancer patients in this setting.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed. Studies assessing at least one index test for which a 2 × 2 table was calculable were included. Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated and used for test comparison. Paired data were used where parameters could not be calculated. Methodological quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results
Two prospective and 11 retrospective studies comprising 1903 patients were eligible for inclusion. Paired data analysis showed equal or better results for sensitivity and specificity of both endoscopic procedures and digital rectal examination compared to contrast enema. Subgroup analysis of contrast enema according to methodological quality revealed that studies with higher methodological quality reported poorer sensitivity for equal specificity and vice versa. No case was described where a contrast enema revealed an anastomotic leak that was overseen in digital rectal examination or endoscopic procedures.

Conclusions
Endoscopy and digital rectal examination appear to be the best diagnostic tests to assess the integrity of the colorectal anastomosis prior to ileostomy reversal. Accuracy measures of contrast enema are overestimated by studies with lower methodological quality. Synopsis of existing evidence and risk–benefit considerations justifies omission of contrast enema in favor of endoscopic and clinical assessment.

Trial registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019107771
Delayed maturation of thymic epithelium in mice with specific deletion of β-catenin gene in FoxN1 positive cells
Authors: Montero-Herradón Sara , Zapata Agustín G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWnt signalling pathways have been reported to be involved in thymus development but their precise role in the development of both thymic epithelium (TE) and thymocytes is controversial. Herein, we examined embryonic, postnatal and adult thymi of mice with a specific deletion of β-catenin gene in FoxN1+ thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Together with a high postnatal mouse mortality, the analysis showed severe thymic hypocellularity, largely due an important reduction in numbers of developing thymocytes, and delayed, partially blocked maturation of mutant TECs. Affected TECs included largely cortical (c) TEC subsets, such as immature MTS20+ TECs, Ly51+ cTECs and a remarkable, rare Ly51+MTS20+MHCIIhi cell subpopulation previously reported to contain thymic epithelial progenitor cells (TEPCs) (Ulyanchenko et al., Cell Rep 14:2819–2832, 2016). In addition, altered postnatal organization of mutant thymic medulla failed to organize a unique, central epithelial area. This delayed maturation of TE cell components correlated with low transcript production of some molecules reported to be masters for TEC maturation, such as EphB2, EphB3 and RANK. Changes in the thymic lymphoid component became particularly evident after birth, when molecules expressed by TECs and involved in early T-cell maturation, such as CCL25, CXCL12 and Dll4, exhibited minimal values. This represented a partial blockade of the progression of DN to DP cells and reduced proportions of this last thymocyte subset. At 1 month, in correlation with a significant increase in transcript production, the DP cell percentage increased in correlation with a significant fall in the number of mature TCRαβhi thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes.