bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulated glycolysis correlates with tumor progression and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Kawabata-Iwakawa Reika , Ida Shota , Mito Ikko , Tada Hiroe , Chikamatsu Kazuaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAltered metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells preferentially utilize glycolysis for energy production, termed “aerobic glycolysis.” In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the glycolytic activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We first divided 520 patients with HNSCC into four groups based on the mRNA expression of 16 glycolysis-related genes. The upregulated glycolytic activity positively correlated with human papillomavirus-negative tumor type, advanced T factor, and unfavorable prognosis. The gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of several hallmark pathways, including interferon-alpha response, myc targets, unfolded protein response, transforming growth factor-β signaling, cholesterol homeostasis, and interleukin 6-Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, in the glycolysis-upregulated groups. Immune cell enrichment analysis revealed decreased infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells in the glycolysis-upregulated groups, suggesting impaired tumor antigen presentation, T cell activation, and antibody production in the TME. Moreover, the expression profile of immune-related genes indicated increased immune evasion in the glycolysis-upregulated tumors. Collectively, these findings suggest that transcriptome analysis of glycolytic activity of tumors has the potential as a biomarker for tumor progression and immunological status in patients with HNSCC.
Functional fitness norms and trends of community-dwelling older adults in urban China
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Wang Zhuying , Chung Pak-Kwong , Wang Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to (1) establish age- and sex-specific functional fitness (FF) norms in Chinese older adults living in urban communities and (2) explore ageing-related degradations and sex differences in each FF dimension. A pool of 2398 individuals (1128 men; 1270 women) aged 60–98 years were recruited from urban communities of Nanjing, China. FF was measured using the Senior Fitness Test battery. FF norms were established for men and women in 5-year age intervals using five percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th). Significant degradations in FF were correlated with increases in age. Around half of test items in 75–79 years group (3 for men; 4 for women) and over half in 80–84 years group (5 for men; 4 for women) exhibited significant decreases in FF compared with the adjacent younger group, indicating that ages of 75 and 80 years are two potential turning points in FF declines. Significant differences existed between the overall FF of men and women; women outperformed men in flexibility and men outperformed women in upper body strength, agility/dynamic balance, and aerobic endurance. Significant age and sex effects occurred in each fitness dimension, which helps individualised program design and promotes an active lifestyle in older adults.
Machine learning approaches to predict gestational age in normal and complicated pregnancies via urinary metabolomics analysis
Authors: Yamauchi Takafumi , Ochi Daisuke , Matsukawa Naomi , Saigusa Daisuke , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Tsunemoto Yoshiki , Kumatani Satsuki , Yamashita Riu , Tanabe Osamu , Minegishi Naoko , Koshiba Seizo , Metoki Hirohito , Kuriyama Shinichi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Yamamoto Masayuki , Nagasaki Masao , Hiyama Satoshi , Sugawara Junichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe elucidation of dynamic metabolomic changes during gestation is particularly important for the development of methods to evaluate pregnancy status or achieve earlier detection of pregnancy-related complications. Some studies have constructed models to evaluate pregnancy status and predict gestational age using omics data from blood biospecimens; however, less invasive methods are desired. Here we propose a model to predict gestational age, using urinary metabolite information. In our prospective cohort study, we collected 2741 urine samples from 187 healthy pregnant women, 23 patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and 14 patients with spontaneous preterm birth. Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 184 urinary metabolites that showed dynamic systematic changes in healthy pregnant women according to gestational age. A model to predict gestational age during normal pregnancy progression was constructed; the correlation coefficient between actual and predicted weeks of gestation was 0.86. The predicted gestational ages of cases with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy exhibited significant progression, compared with actual gestational ages. This is the first study to predict gestational age in normal and complicated pregnancies by using urinary metabolite information. Minimally invasive urinary metabolomics might facilitate changes in the prediction of gestational age in various clinical settings.
Privacy-first health research with federated learning
Authors: Sadilek Adam , Liu Luyang , Nguyen Dung , Kamruzzaman Methun , Serghiou Stylianos , Rader Benjamin , Ingerman Alex , Mellem Stefan , Kairouz Peter , Nsoesie Elaine O. , MacFarlane Jamie , Vullikanti Anil , Marathe Madhav , Eastham Paul , Brownstein John S. , Arcas Blaise Aguera y. , Howell Michael D. , Hernandez John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrivacy protection is paramount in conducting health research. However, studies often rely on data stored in a centralized repository, where analysis is done with full access to the sensitive underlying content. Recent advances in federated learning enable building complex machine-learned models that are trained in a distributed fashion. These techniques facilitate the calculation of research study endpoints such that private data never leaves a given device or healthcare system. We show—on a diverse set of single and multi-site health studies—that federated models can achieve similar accuracy, precision, and generalizability, and lead to the same interpretation as standard centralized statistical models while achieving considerably stronger privacy protections and without significantly raising computational costs. This work is the first to apply modern and general federated learning methods that explicitly incorporate differential privacy to clinical and epidemiological research—across a spectrum of units of federation, model architectures, complexity of learning tasks and diseases. As a result, it enables health research participants to remain in control of their data and still contribute to advancing science—aspects that used to be at odds with each other.
Detection of decomposition products of SF6/air gas mixture by electron attachment mass spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Huan , Wang Xiaonan , Yang Aijun , Liu Dingxin , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is widely used in gas insulation, and its decomposition products can be used to diagnose potential insulation failures. Quick and accurate detection of decomposition products can help to understand equipment‐operating conditions in time. In this study, the decomposition products of SF6/air gas mixtures under different pulsed discharge voltages were studied. It was found that the main products were SOF2, SO2F2, SO2, CF4 and SOF4, and the yields of SOF2, SO2F2, SO2 and SOF4 increased with the number of discharge pulse. The productive rate of SOF2, SO2 and SOF4 were positively correlated with the discharge voltage, and when the discharge voltage increased from 5 to 15 kV, their yields after 50,000 discharges increased by 49%, 120% and 1100%, respectively. The productive rate of SOF2 and SO2 were positively correlated with the proportion of air in the gas mixtures while that of SOF4 was opposite. When the proportion of air increases from 0% to 90%, their yields after 50,000 discharges became 270%, 3169% and 10% of the originals, respectively. In addition, the productive rate of SO2F2 was not affected by discharge voltage and the proportion of air in the gas mixtures. SO2F2, SOF2, SOF4 and SO2 can be used as the basis for judging the discharge failures and the discharge degree of power equipment.
Resilient path‐following control of autonomous vehicles subject to intermittent denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Wang Yulei , Bian Ning , Zhang Lin , Huang Yanjun , Chen Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn autonomous vehicle (AV) is a cyber‐physical system (CPS) incorporating dynamics, perception sensors (e.g. camera and radar), embedded electronic control units (ECUs) and in‐vehicle networking (e.g. CAN, LIN and FlexRay).Achieving path‐following control of an AV to track a desired path is therefore a highly non‐linear task that is naturally vulnerable to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. Considering that DoS attacks can inhibit the services of a control system by overwhelming the performance capabilities of the ECUs or the bus, this paper investigates the cyber‐physical system problem of path‐following control for AVs under intermittent DoS attacks. To solve this problem, we propose resilient observer‐based non‐linear control based on the triple‐step approach. The core ideas behind this method are the integrated design of the observer and feedback gains incorporating the DoS duration and the convex design of controller parameters by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed control scheme guarantees that the closed‐loop system maintains input‐to‐stable stability, while the error signals theoretically converge to a small neighbourhood of the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by the simulation results obtained for a high‐fidelity veDYNA full‐vehicle model with different driving tests and DoS attacks.
A switchable polarisation conversion/in‐phase reflection metasurface and its application
Authors: Zhang Jiaolong , Jiang Wen , Wei Kun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA switchable polarisation conversion/in‐phase reflection metasurface (PCIPR‐MS) based on a Pin diode is proposed in this study. By changing the working state of the Pin diode, the PCIPR‐MS can be used as a polarisation conversion metasurface (PCM) and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), respectively. Furthermore, the designed PCIPR‐MS can be arranged into a checkerboard surface to integrate with the antenna, which means that the PCIPR‐MS can be flexibly switched to control the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna in a time‐sharing manner. The simulation results show that the 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 4.31 to 6.14 GHz (35%) with the application of the AMC as the metal ground plane of the antenna in the radiation state, and the right‐hand circularly polarised (RHCP) gain is enhanced by more than 1.5 dB from 4.65 to 5.80 GHz in a low‐profile compared with the reference antennas. By using the PCM, phase cancelation is achieved in the scattering state of the antenna to realise the low‐RCS characteristics.
Performance analysis of transmissive modified cladding optical fibre sensors
Authors: Dehdashti Jahromi Hamed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOptical fibre sensors with modified cladding have been a topic of great interest for decades. Thanks to the new techniques of fabricating nanostructured films, this interest has been renewed. Although there have been many increases in published experimental research, no comprehensive theoretical formulation of the structure is reported in the literature. In this study, a general theory for transmissive modified cladding optical fibre sensors is presented. The model is formulated based on the electromagnetic fields and optical power in the core and cladding of a step‐index fibre. The model considers various parameters, especially the radius of the optical fibre core, modified cladding refractive index, and light wavelength. The sensitivity, response, and optical transmission of the sensor are analysed as a function of the parameters. The analyses show that optical transmission reduces dramatically when the modified cladding refractive index approaches the refractive index of the core of the fibre and results in higher sensor response and sensitivity. Increasing the core radius of the fibre will result in lower sensor response with higher sensitivity. Both parameters will increase for a light with a larger wavelength. The results are in good agreement with experimental evidence.
Stereoscopic measurements of coronal Doppler velocities
Authors: Podladchikova O. , Harra L. , Barczynski K. , Mandrini C. H. , Auchère F. , Berghmans D. , Buchlin É. , Dolla L. , Mierla M. , Parenti S. , Rodriguez L. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The Solar Orbiter mission, with an orbit outside the Sun-Earth line and leaving the ecliptic plane, opens up opportunities for the combined analysis of measurements obtained by solar imagers and spectrometers. For the first time different space spectrometers will be located at wide angles to each other, allowing three-dimensional (3D) spectroscopy of the solar atmosphere.
Aims. The aim of this work is to prepare a methodology to facilitate the reconstruction of 3D vector velocities from two stereoscopic line of sight (LOS) Doppler velocity measurements using the Spectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment (SPICE) on board the Solar Orbiter and the near-Earth spectrometers, while widely separated in space.
Methods. We developed the methodology using the libraries designed earlier for the STEREO mission, but applied to spectroscopic data from the Hinode mission and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We used well-known methods of static and dynamic solar rotation stereoscopy and the methods of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) stereoscopic triangulation for optically thin coronal EUV plasma emissions. We developed new algorithms using analytical geometry in space to determine the 3D velocity in coronal loops.
Results. We demonstrate our approach with the reconstruction of 3D velocity vectors in plasma flows along ‘open’ and ‘closed’ magnetic loops. This technique will be applied to an actual situation of two spacecraft at different separations with spectrometers on board during the Solar Orbiter nominal phase: SPICE versus the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Hinode imaging spectrometer. We summarise how these observations can be coordinated.
L’Exposome
Authors: Giroux Élodie , Fayet Yohan , Serviant-Fine Thibaut 
Published: September 2021

Dans un contexte post-génomique, le concept d’exposome a été introduit par Christopher Wild pour proposer une approche unifiée des expositions et fédérer différents champs disciplinaires de la recherche en santé et environnement. L’approche « exposomique » se caractérise par la volonté de développer une analyse à la fois intégrative, longitudinale et plus précise des expositions, et cela principalement grâce à l’identification de biomarqueurs. L’usage du concept d’exposome, qui se révèle particulièrement plastique, constitue un terrain d’exploration privilégié des enjeux et tensions entre approches holiste et réductionniste dans les sciences de la santé. Cet article propose une analyse de ce concept, ainsi que des promesses qui lui sont associées.
Aux origines des neurosciences
Authors: Paillette Céline , Griset Pascal , Agid Yves 
Published: September 2021

Depuis les bosses crâniennes censées refléter le caractère (une théorie désignée sous le nom de théorie de la phrénologie) jusqu’au « cerveau électrique », en passant par l’avènement de la théorie neuronale, l’histoire du cerveau et du système nerveux du début duXIXesiècle jusqu’aux années 1940 révèle un large éventail, tant au regard de la pluralité des disciplines et des techniques utilisées qu’à celui des acteurs multiples qui s’y intéressent ; et cela, des sciences populaires aux instituts de recherche les plus réputés. La relation avec les sociétés est fondamentale : controverses, médiatisation et contestation des pratiques médicales, guerres, mais aussi innovations techniques, institutionnalisation et internationalisation croissantes de ces champs scientifiques. C’est dans ce passé pluriel que les neurosciences contemporaines puisent leurs origines.
Imaging Manifestations of Accessory Cavitated Uterine Mass—A Rare Mullerian Anomaly
Authors: Putta Tharani , John Reetu , Simon Betty , Sathyakumar Kirthi , Chandramohan Anuradha , Eapen Anu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Context Accessory cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) is an uncommon and under-recognized entity with distinct imaging characteristics and causing significant patient distress. Differentiating it from its other clinical and radiological differentials is therefore extremely important and prevents delay in surgical management which is the treatment of choice.
Aims The aim of the study is to describe the MRI appearance of the surgically and pathologically proven ACUM cases from our institution in the last 2 years.
Settings and Design This is a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in South India.
Methods and Material We reviewed the clinical presentations and imaging findings of seven surgically proven cases of ACUM qualifying the proposed diagnostic criteria.
Results All patients presented with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and prolonged post-menstrual pain. MRI in all seven cases showed an intramural, noncommunicating, and cavitating lesion near the uterine cornua with internal contents similar to that of endometrioma. Although the cavity was lined by endometrium in all the cases (proven in pathology), it was well appreciable on MRI in only five cases. The rest of the uterine myometrium and main endometrial cavity were normal with no features of adenomyosis.
Conclusion MRI is a reliable diagnostic tool for accurate diagnosis of ACUM, and more importantly, in distinguishing it from other causes of chronic pelvic pain like adenomyosis and endometriosis and other imaging differentials like adenomyoma, noncommunicating uterine horn, and degenerating leiomyoma.
Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Involvement in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis—Spectrum of Three Cases
Authors: Pratap Thara , Jalal Muhammed Jasim Abdul , R. Rashmi , Gopalakrishnabhakthan Anupama , AK Vishnu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare group of disorder, due to clonal neoplastic proliferation of dendritic cells in the bone marrow expressing a Langerhans cell phenotype.1 This disease particularly affects the pediatric age group and young adults and often presents with skin rashes, lung infiltrates, and bone lesions. It can also manifest with endocrine dysfunction and hematopoietic disorders. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract is very rare. Herein, we present a spectrum of three cases with gastrointestinal involvement.
Complete Stokes vector analysis with a compact, portable rotating waveplate polarimeter
Authors: Wilkinson T. A. , Maurer C. E. , Flood C. J. , Lander G. , Chafin S. , Flagg E. B. 
Published: September 2021

Accurate calibration of polarization-dependent optical elements is often necessary in optics experiments. A versatile polarimeter device to measure the polarization state of light is a valuable tool in these experiments. Here, we report a rotating waveplate-based polarimeter capable of complete Stokes vector analysis of collimated light. Calibration of the device allows accurate measurements over a range of wavelengths, with a bandwidth of &gt;30 nm in this implementation. A photo-interrupter trigger system supplies the phase information necessary for full determination of the Stokes vector. An Arduino microcontroller performs rapid analysis and displays the results on a liquid crystal display. The Arduino can also be interfaced with a computer to store time series of Stokes vectors. The optical measurement apparatus of the polarimeter is compact and can be placed anywhere on an optical table on a single standard post. The components to construct the device are only a fraction of the cost of commercially available devices, while the accuracy and precision of the measurements are of the same order of magnitude.
UV and bacteriophages as a chemical-free approach for cleaning membranes from anaerobic bioreactors
Authors: Scarascia Giantommaso , Fortunato Luca , Myshkevych Yevhen , Cheng Hong , Leiknes TorOve , Hong Pei-Ying 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceAnaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR) can clean wastewater at lower energy costs and produce high-quality effluent for nonpotable reuse. However, biofouling represents the main bottleneck for membrane filtration efficiency. Biofouling is commonly reduced through chemical treatment. These agents are often detrimental for the environment and health safety due to the formation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, we present a new approach, based on the additive antifouling action of bacteriophages infection and UV-C irradiation, to reduce anaerobic membrane biofouling. This new strategy could potentially delay the occurrence of membrane fouling by removing the reversible fouling layers on membranes, in turn reducing the frequencies and amount of chemicals needed throughout the course of wastewater treatment.
Pentiptycene-based ladder polymers with configurational free volume for enhanced gas separation performance and physical aging resistance
Authors: Corrado Tanner J. , Huang Zihan , Huang Dezhao , Wamble Noah , Luo Tengfei , Guo Ruilan 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Gas separation membranes are an emerging energy-efficient alternative toward conventional, energy-intensive separation technologies such as cryogenic distillation. Ladder polymers with intrinsic microporosity show exceptional promise toward redefining state-of-the-art gas separation membranes due to their high permeability (throughput) and selectivity (separation efficiency). However, they are typically inhibited by major reductions in permeability over time due to collapsing membrane free volume (open space between polymer chains), forfeiting their greatest asset. This work explores a route toward enhanced aging resistance and overall separation performance by incorporating pentiptycene (an H-shaped scaffold containing five fused arene rings) into ladder-like polymers to incorporate natural, more permanent “micropores” that aren’t susceptible to densification of polymer chains that occurs over time in traditional microporous polymers.
Implementing Adolescent SBIRT: Findings from the FaCES Project
Authors: Soberay Adam , DeSorrento Lindsi , Pietruszewski Pam , Sitz Marika , Levy Sharon 
Published: September 2021

Background Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to early intervention of substance misuse. Methods This mixed-methods evaluation assessed the implementation of an adolescent SBIRT change package across 13 primary care clinics. These clinics participated in an 18-month learning collaborative, during which they received training and technical assistance on SBIRT practices. Results Six major themes emerged around the implementation of the change package: operational readiness of the sites, training of staff members, factors around the screening process, factors around intervention delivery, the referral process, and the adaptation and utilization of the electronic health record (EHR). Conclusions Through the guidance of the change package and the associated training and technical assistance, the participating primary care clinics were able to implement SBIRT practices within their existing workflows. There was also an observed reduction in reported substance use among the at-risk adolescents served by these clinics.