bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of COVID-19 electrocardiograms by using hexaxial feature mapping and deep learning
Authors: Ozdemir Mehmet Akif , Ozdemir Gizem Dilara , Guren Onan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since its first appearance in late 2019. Deaths caused by COVID-19 are still increasing day by day and early diagnosis has become crucial. Since current diagnostic methods have many disadvantages, new investigations are needed to improve the performance of diagnosis.Methods: A novel method is proposed to automatically diagnose COVID-19 by using Electrocardiogram (ECG) data with deep learning for the first time. Moreover, a new and effective method called hexaxial feature mapping is proposed to represent 12-lead ECG to 2D colorful images. Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method is used to extract features and generate hexaxial mapping images. These generated images are then fed into a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to diagnose COVID-19.Results: Two different classification scenarios are conducted on a publicly available paper-based ECG image dataset to reveal the diagnostic capability and performance of the proposed approach. In the first scenario, ECG data labeled as COVID-19 and No-Findings (normal) are classified to evaluate COVID-19 classification ability. According to results, the proposed approach provides encouraging COVID-19 detection performance with an accuracy of 96.20% and F1-Score of 96.30%. In the second scenario, ECG data labeled as Negative (normal, abnormal, and myocardial infarction) and Positive (COVID-19) are classified to evaluate COVID-19 diagnostic ability. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach provides satisfactory COVID-19 prediction performance with an accuracy of 93.00% and F1-Score of 93.20%. Furthermore, different experimental studies are conducted to evaluate the robustness of the proposed approach.Conclusion: Automatic detection of cardiovascular changes caused by COVID-19 can be possible with a deep learning framework through ECG data. This not only proves the presence of cardiovascular changes caused by COVID-19 but also reveals that ECG can potentially be used in the diagnosis of COVID-19. We believe the proposed study may provide a crucial decision-making system for healthcare professionals.Source Code: All source codes are made publicly available at: https://github.com/mkfzdmr/COVID-19-ECG-
Thermal Behavior, Reaction Pathways and Kinetic Implications of using a Ni/SiO2 Catalyst for Waste Tire Pyrolysis
Authors: Osorio-Vargas Paula , Lick Ileana D. , Sobrevía Felipe , Correa-Muriel Daniela , Menares Tamara , Manrique Raydel , Casella Monica L. , Arteaga-Pérez Luis E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis has been used to upgrading the quality of pyrolytic liquids. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires using Ni/SiO2 as catalysts. The analyses were carried out by combining thermogravimetry (TGA), TGA interfaced to a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (TGA–FTIR), and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py–GC/MS) techniques. During waste tire decomposition, the main functional groups detected in the FTIR were alkenes, aromatics, and heteroatoms-containing groups such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Meanwhile, by Py-GC/MS were identified mainly D,L-limonene, isoprene, benzene, toluene, xylenes (BTX), and p-cymene. The Py–GC/MS experiments at three different temperatures (350, 400, and 450 °C) suggested an effect of the catalyst on product distribution. The Ni catalyst promoted cyclization reactions and subsequently aromatization, leading to an improved vapors composition. The use of iso-conversional kinetic models along with master plots allows proposing a multiple-step reaction mechanism, which was well described by the Avrami-Erofeev, Random Scission, and truncated Sestak–Berggren models. The values of activation energies show differences for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolysis (111.0 kJ mol-1 and 168.4 kJ mol-1), validating the effectivity of Ni/SiO2. Finally, the thermal Biot (>1) and PyI and PyII numbers (10-3<PyI <10-1 and 10-2< PyII<10-3) confirms that the process is being occurred between the kinetic and the convection-limited regimes.
The effect of m6A RNA methylation regulators on tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Shuaishuai , Qing Xiaodong , Lin Qiuzi , Wu Qiaoling , Wang Xue , Weng Guobin , Ren Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: m6A RNA methylation and tumor microenvironment (TME) have been reported to play important roles in the progression and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, whether m6A RNA methylation regulators affect TME in ccRCC remains unknown. Thus, the current study is designed to comprehensively evaluate the effect of m6A RNA methylation regulators on TME in ccRCC.Methods: Transcriptome data of ccRCC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted based on the expressions of m6A RNA methylation regulators. Survival differences were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis between the clusters. DESeq2 package was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the clusters. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were analyzed by ClusterProfiler R package. Immune, stromal and ESTIMATE scores were assessed by ESTIMATE algorithm. CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate immune infiltration. The expressions of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), immune checkpoint molecules, and Th1/IFNγ gene signature associated with TME were also compared between the clusters. TIDE algorithm and subclass mapping were used to analyze the clinical response of different clusters to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade. Results: The expressions of fifteen m6A regulators were significantly different between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues. Based on the expressions of those fifteen m6A regulators, two clusters were identified by consensus clustering, in which cluster 1 had better overall survival (OS). A total of 4,429 DEGs were found between the two clusters, and were enriched into immune-related biological processes. Further analysis of the two clusters’ TME showed that cluster 1 had lower immune and ESTIMATE scores, higher expressions of HLA and lower expressions of immune checkpoint molecules. Besides, immune infiltration and the expressions of Th1/IFNγ gene signature also have significant differences between two clusters. Conclusions: Our study revealed that m6A regulators were important participants in the development of ccRCC, with a close relationship with TME.
Phylogenetic Analysis and Biological Characteristics Identification of a Canine Distemper Virus Strain Isolated from a vaccinated Domestic Dog in the Northeast China
Authors: Zhigang Cao , Li Yi , Cheng Yuening , Shi Pengfei , Wang Jianke , Feng Erkai , Cheng Shipeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is currently circulating in domestic and wild animals. The host range of CDV comprises all families within the order Carnivora, and it has recently expanded to nonhuman primates, moreover the host range still has the potential for further expansion. In this research, a CDV strain named BT was isolated from a vaccinated domestic dog in Changchun, Northeast of China, and identified by Electron microscope (EM) and Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA). The whole genome sequence of the virus was obtained by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the Coding sequence (CDS) of hemagglutinin (H) protein and the complete genome sequence of the virus respectively, the results showed that the CDV-BT strain still classified into the Asia-1 lineage. This research shows that CDV-BT strain’s antigenicity of the epitope 444GDKYPIHFNDER455 in nucleocapsid (N) protein and the epitope 178ARGDIFPPY186 in H protein were significantly different from vaccine strain by amino acid substitutions, and suggests that the characterization of genetic diversity among the circulating CDVs is essential for future CDV’s research and disease monitoring.
Effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization On Balance And Trunk Function In People With Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol For A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Marand Laleh Abadi , Dehkordi Shohreh Noorizadeh , Roohi-Azizi Mahtab , Janani Leila , Dadgoo Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and disabling neurological disease among young people. One of the major complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) is falling. There are a number of factors that cause falling, including: balance disorder and spasticity. Core stability (CS) exercises such as trunk muscle strengthening exercise can improve balance and mobility and reduce falling. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercise is a new functional rehabilitation strategy that optimizes motor function based on the principles of developmental kinesiology. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of DNS in comparison to CS on balance, spasticity, and falling in PWMS.Methods: A total of 66 PWMS, between 30 and 50 years old and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) between 2 to 5, will be recruited from Tehran hospitals to participate in this 2-armed parallel study. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups to receive CS exercise or DNS exercise. All participants will receive exercise treatment for 15 sessions during a period of 5 weeks (3 sessions per week). Primary outcome measures will be trunk function and balance. Falling rate, fear of falling, patient mobility, as well as spasticity, will be measured as secondary outcomes. All outcome measures will be measured at baseline, the day after the completion of the 15th session, and after three months.Discussion: Dynamic neurostabilization exercises utilizes the subconscious stimulation of special zones to reflexively mediate the diaphragm and other core stabilization muscles, which is extremely effective for individuals with reduced somatosensory or movement awareness. Findings from the proposed study are expected to benefit the knowledge base of the physiotherapist, and it can be a good alternative for the rehabilitation program and even reduce medication use in patients with multiple sclerosis. These exercises are easy to understand and applicable for these patients and their partners as well.Trial registration: The trial was registered in Iran registry organization with code IRCT20140222016680N5 and was approved on April 7th, 2020. Address: IRCT administration team, Central Library Building, Iran University Campus, Hemmat Freeway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran. postal code:14496-14535. http://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20140222016680N5
Knowledge And Awareness of Radiation Safety Among Orthopaedic Surgeon: A Survey Analysis
Authors: Harna Bushu , Arya Shivali , Singh Jaikaran , Gupta Palash , Gupta Ajay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Orthopaedic surgeons are at potential risk to suffer from radiation exposure. The radiation exposure has increased due to minimal invasive and complex orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluates the level of knowledge of orthopaedic surgeons regarding radiation safety and prevention.Methods: A survey consisting of 17 questions was conducted among the 519 orthopaedic surgeons. The orthopaedic surgeons were contacted via mobile or email and the data was analysed.Results: Total of 542 responses were received and 23 were excluded due to incomplete responses. The result depicted, only 5% of the orthopaedic surgeons were aware of the ALARA/ALARP principles. Only 45% of the surgeons were right about the collimated image acquisition. None of the surgeon used dosimeter in the study. Most of the surgeons (40%) were not aware of the influence of C-Arm orientation on the scattered radiation. The protective gears were used by 75% of the orthopaedic surgeons and 5% used it occasionally. A lead apron is used by all the orthopaedic surgeons using the protective gear whereas only 15% used thyroid shield additionally. Only 5% of orthopaedic surgeons had some training in radiation safety and protection.Conclusion: The study demonstrates the level of knowledge regarding radiation safety and consequences among orthopaedic surgeons. The study depicts the need for proper and appropriate training required by the orthopaedic surgeons. Further extensive and elaborate studies are required to ascertain the radiation safety as a part of the training programme of the orthopaedic surgeons.
Similar Trait Structure and Vulnerability in Pelagic Fish Faunas on Two Remote Islands
Authors: Steinberg Madeline , Juhel Jean-Baptiste , Marques Virginie , Péron Clara , Hocdé Régis , Polanco Andrea F , Pellissier Loïc , Villéger Sébastien , Mouillot David , Letessier Tom B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has been the topic of considerable research, but it remains unclear how biodiversity decline is compromising ecosystem functionality, particularly in the pelagic realm. Here, we explore how pelagic fish species diversity relates to functional diversity by sampling two locations, which, on the basis of biogeography, environmental conditions, and human pressures, were expected to host pronounced differences in species composition and abundances, and therefore functionality. Strings of five drifting mid-water Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems were used to survey pelagic vertebrate diversity and abundance in two isolated oceanic island systems, the Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary – a large, 25-year-old marine protected area – and an unprotected area in Cape Verde. Functional diversity, which offers insight into a community’s resilience against disturbance, was analysed using six key functional traits of marine fishes. Cape Verde showed high overall abundance (Total MaxN 873) and low biomass (3,559 kg), with a predominance of smaller fishes. Malpelo showed high biomass (7,839 kg) but lower abundance (Total MaxN 465), with a predominance of large species. Species and functional diversity were marginally different between locations. Multivariate analysis of species relative abundances showed significant divergence between locations, although community functional traits overlapped strongly, suggesting that both communities share a similar structure and vulnerability. The existence of a common functional ‘backbone’ in diverging species communities across the oceans, under different productivity regimes, and under different protection levels, suggests that although pelagic communities may differ considerably in terms of species composition, this does not translate into a differing functional structure and resilience potential. Whether this vulnerability is a common feature of pelagic communities and how this contrasts with benthic systems warrants further research.
Climate Change Impacts on Reference Evapotranspiration in South Korea Over the Recent 100 Years (1904–2018)
Authors: Jeon Min-Gi , Nam Won-Ho , Mun Young-Sik , Hong Eun-Mi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Damage due to climate change is increasing worldwide; in South Korea, the increase in temperature is greater than the average global temperature increase. These changes in temperature have increased the frequency of and damage caused by droughts. To reduce drought damage, the importance of efficient water management policies and evapotranspiration, an index used for water management policies, is increasing. Analyzing the variation in evapotranspiration is relevant to understanding climate change and agricultural water management. Owing to the lack of evapotranspiration data collected using a Lysimeter, evapotranspiration has been estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation on meteorological datasets as recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Long-term meteorological data with a maximum of 100 years were collected from 12 sites to estimate evapotranspiration. The objectives of this study were the following: (1) estimate evapotranspiration based on the PM equation, (2) analyze the trends in temperature and evapotranspiration, and (3) evaluate the relationship between temperature and evapotranspiration through correlational analysis. The results improve our understanding of climate change and provide a valuable reference for regional water resource management. We estimated evapotranspiration and analyzed the tendency of temperature and evapotranspiration. As a result, analysis of seasonal ET0 at all stations represented generally increasing trends in spring, summer, and autumn with generally decreasing trends in winter. Results of the seasonal Mann–Kendall test between temperature metrics (maximum, average, minimum) and ET0 showed that the maximum temperature exhibited a distinct increase in spring and winter in some areas. In this study, we determined the strength of the relationship between temperature and ET0 using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of evaluating the relationship between each temperature metric and evapotranspiration showed that the maximum temperature had the strongest relationship compared to the average and minimum temperatures.
Can functional units of protozoan periphytons be used to evaluate ecological quality status under harmful algal blooms in marine ecosystems?
Authors: Uroosa Uroosa , Kazmi Syed Shabi Ul Hassan , Rahman Mohammad Shafiqur , Xu Henglong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on biological traits the ecological quality status (EQS) under the pressure of two harmful algal bloom (HAB) species was evaluated using functional units (FUs) of protozoan periphytons. Five treatments with different concentrations of Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum were designed as100, 102, 103, 104 and 105 cell ml− 1. A total of 21 FUs were identified from 25 test protozoan species. Vagile algivores with large sizes showed a decreasing trend towards high concentrations, while the vagile bacterivores and non-selectives with small sizes were dominating in concentrations (104 cell ml− 1) of both algal species. Ellipse test on pair-wise functional distinctness indices revealed a significant departure of test protozoan samples from an expected pattern when algal concentrations were over 104 cell ml− 1. Thus, it is suggested that FUs of protozoan periphyton assemblages may be used as a useful tool for evaluating the effects of HAB on ecological quality status in marine ecosystems.
Considering Urban Social Functions at Fine Spatial Resolution to Understand the Distribution of Invasive Plant Species in Cities
Authors: Deparis Muriel , Legay Nicolas , Isselin-Nondedeu Francis , Bonthoux Sébastien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ContextCities are high sources of plant invasions. To understand mechanisms of introduction and dispersion of invasive alien species (IAS) in city, we need a thoroughly description of the social and structural components of urban landscapes. ObjectivesWe assessed the effects of neighborhood types and their associated human activities and structural linear elements on the distributions of IAS in a French medium city (Blois). We examined how the relative contributions of these variables varied between scales of analysis. MethodsWe recorded the presence of seven IAS species in the entire city (22 km²), at three spatial resolutions: 100×100m, 200×200m and 400×400m. We characterized neighborhoods through their main covers, human uses, and ages and structural elements through impervious soil, area of and distance to roads and railways.ResultsNeighborhood type was the most important variable in explaining IAS distributions. This variable was especially important at the finest scale which allowed a fine urban classification. B. davidii and B. aquifolium were found in individual residential neighborhoods, whereas R. pseudoacacia and A. altissima were most encountered in industrial areas. The effects of the structural elements differed between species and were lower. ConclusionsCharacterizing the high spatial and functional heterogeneity of urban landscapes at fine scale is critical to understand IAS distribution patterns. We show that considering human uses and planting practices is determinant to understand IAS introduction patterns. Then, linear transport corridors and ruderal conditions explain the dispersion and establishment of IAS across the city and potentially to the surrounding natural spaces.
Use of Shear Wave Velocity for Foundation Design
Authors: Poulos Harry George 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an approach for utilizing in-situ measurements of shear wave velocity Vs to carry out preliminary and check design calculations for shallow and deep foundations. For estimates of foundation movements, Vs can be used directly to estimate the small-strain stiffness of the soil or rock strata, while for ultimate capacity calculations, use is made of empirical correlations between Vs and penetration resistance measures, which in turn are correlated to the foundation resistance characteristics. The approach is applied to a series of published tests on shallow footings, and on a series of pile load tests for a very tall building. For these cases, comparisons of the calculated with the measured load – settlement behaviour indicates that the suggested approach provides a reasonable, albeit somewhat conservative, level of agreement.
Numerical and Experimental Study on Tooth Filling via near Net Shape Extrusion-Forging Process of Multicore Cable Cutter
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chun , Chiu Huan-Yu , Chen Chi-Peng , Liaob Chien-Chou , Fuh Yiin-Kuen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The near net shape extrusion-forging and the impact of tooth filling computationally simulated and experimentally corroborated. The study plans to search for the finishing forging process's essential station and recognize the unique gear teeth forming in the closed die near net shape extrusion-forging connected with a multicore cable cutter. Due to make sure to realize the Preform types of gear teeth forming, The evaluation index of the height filling ratio (HFR) and the width filling ratio (WFR) methods are offered and simulated with a singular target on process parameters at the gear teeth making. All the objects are regularly investigated and precisely contrasted to experimental examination. The simulations' conclusions have explained the microscopic events after the experimental research. Via matching with experimental measurements, the accuracy of the numerical models has been confirmed. The offered modified geometries (Preform B and C) from the forming process have been eventually offered to achieve a resembling forming condition while lessening making charges.. The mean deviation of HFR was measured as 0.987% and 0.985% for Preform B and C, respectively. Moreover, the mean deviation of WFR was calculated as -0.693% and − 0.74% for Preform B and C, separately.