bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of implementing Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practice Guidelines (PUPPG) in the prevention of pressure ulcers among hospitalised elderly patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wung Buh Amos , Mahmoud Hassan , Chen Wenjun , McInnes Matthew D F , Fergusson Dean A 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPressure ulcers are serious and potentially life-threatening problems across all age groups and across all medical specialties and care settings. The hospitalised elderly population is the most common group to develop pressure ulcers. This study aims to systematically review studies implementing pressure ulcer prevention strategies recommended in the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practice Guidelines for the prevention of pressure ulcers among hospitalised elderly patients globally.Methods and analysisA systematic review of all studies that have assessed the use of pressure ulcer prevention strategies in hospital settings among hospitalised elderly patients shall be conducted. A comprehensive search of all published articles in Medline Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of Science will be done using terms such as pressure ulcers, prevention strategies, elderly patients and hospital. Studies will be screened for eligibility through title, abstract and full text by two independent reviewers. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute for Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the effect size reported as OR with 95% CIs using both fixed and random effect models. I2statistics and visual inspection of the forest plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationNo formal ethical approval or consent is required as no primary data will be collected. We aim to publish the research findings in a peer-reviewed scientific journal to promote knowledge transfer, as well as in conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia in a traditional manner.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019129088.
Norepinephrine, plasma renin activity and cardiovascular mortality in systolic heart failure
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Prontera Concetta , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele , Vergaro Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWe analysed the circulating levels and prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone in patients with systolic heart failure (HF) receiving therapies that target the sympathetic system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis.MethodsWe retrieved data from consecutive HF outpatients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% and available neurohormones, evaluated at a tertiary referral centre for HF from 1999 to 2016.ResultsPatients (n=1477) were aged 66±13 years, 75% were men, median LVEF was 32% (IQR 25–38), 77% had LVEF <40% and 44% ischaemic HF. At the time of sampling, 69% were on beta-blockers, 75% on ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and 48% on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists vs 88%, 87% and 66%, respectively, after therapy optimisation. Median NT-proBNP, NE, E, PRA and aldosterone were 1441 ng/L, 494 ng/L, 30 ng/L, 1.2 ng/mL/hour and 130 ng/dL, respectively. Over a 4.8-year follow-up (2.4–8.2), 376 patients died from cardiovascular causes (26%). NT-proBNP and PRA predicted cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for all other univariable predictors. The risk of cardiovascular death increased by 8% or 7% per each doubling of PRA in 2 models considering therapies at the time of sampling or after therapy optimisation. PRA improved metrics of reclassification and discrimination, and independently predicted outcome even in the LVEF <40% subgroup.ConclusionsIn patients with HF with LVEF <50% or <40%, PRA shows independent prognostic significance from a model that includes NT-proBNP, and might represent an additive tool for risk stratification.
Extracellular HMGB1 blockade inhibits tumor growth through profoundly remodeling immune microenvironment and enhances checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy
Authors: Hubert Pascale , Roncarati Patrick , Demoulin Stephanie , Pilard Charlotte , Ancion Marie , Reynders Celia , Lerho Thomas , Bruyere Diane , Lebeau Alizee , Radermecker Coraline , Meunier Margot , Nokin Marie-Julie , Hendrick Elodie , Peulen Olivier , Delvenne Philippe , Herfs Michael 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional redox-sensitive protein involved in various intracellular (eg, chromatin remodeling, transcription, autophagy) and extracellular (inflammation, autoimmunity) processes. Regarding its role in cancer development/progression, paradoxical results exist in the literature and it is still unclear whether HMGB1 mainly acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor.MethodsHMGB1 expression was first assessed in tissue specimens (n=359) of invasive breast, lung and cervical cancer and the two distinct staining patterns detected (nuclear vs cytoplasmic) were correlated to the secretion profile of malignant cells, patient outcomes and the presence of infiltrating immune cells within tumor microenvironment. Using several orthotopic, syngeneic mouse models of basal-like breast (4T1, 67NR and EpRas) or non-small cell lung (TC-1) cancer, the efficacy of several HMGB1 inhibitors alone and in combination with immune checkpoint blockade antibodies (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) was then investigated. Isolated from retrieved tumors, 14 immune cell (sub)populations as well as the activation status of antigen-presenting cells were extensively analyzed in each condition. Finally, the redox state of HMGB1 in tumor-extruded fluids and the influence of different forms (oxidized, reduced or disulfide) on both dendritic cell (DC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) activation were determined.ResultsAssociated with an unfavorable prognosis in human patients, we clearly demonstrated that targeting extracellular HMGB1 elicits a profound remodeling of tumor immune microenvironment for efficient cancer therapy. Indeed, without affecting the global number of (CD45+) immune cells, drastic reductions of monocytic/granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T lymphocytes, a higher M1/M2 ratio of macrophages as well as an increased activation of both DC and pDC were continually observed following HMGB1 inhibition. Moreover, blocking HMGB1 improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 cancer monoimmunotherapy. We also reported that a significant fraction of HMGB1 encountered within cancer microenvironment (interstitial fluids) is oxidized and, in opposite to its reduced isoform, oxidized HMGB1 acts as a tolerogenic signal in a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts-dependent manner.ConclusionCollectively, we present evidence that extracellular HMGB1 blockade may complement first-generation cancer immunotherapies by remobilizing antitumor immune response.
Effects of group size and homeopathic product supplement consisting of botanicals and mineral mixture on the performance and production traits of finishing pigs
Authors: Upadhaya Santi Devi , Park Hyun Ju , Kim In Ho 
Published: March 2021

A total of 144 mixed sex pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 52 kg were used in a 11 wk trial in a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following factors: group size (three pigs per pen vs. five pigs per pen) and 0% or 0.2% homeopathic product supplementation to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and stress-related hormones. The homeopathic product supplementation resulted in increased (P < 0.05) BW at week 11, average daily gain (ADG) during days 42–63 and 64–77. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in ADG and average daily feed intake during overall experiment period and an increase (P < 0.05) in apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter at day 77 were observed in pigs receiving homeopathic product. A trend in increase (P = 0.088) in serum cortisol concentration during day 42 and increase (P > 0.05) during day 77 was observed in pigs with group size of five pigs per pen, and this was reduced when homeopathic product was supplemented to the diet. In conclusion, the variation in number of animals per pen had no effects on performance and production traits, but the animals in bigger group size had higher serum cortisol concentrations which were reduced by the homeopathic product supplementation.
Probing mechanotransduction in living cells by optical tweezers and FRET-based molecular force microscopy
Authors: Sergides M. , Perego L. , Galgani T. , Arbore C. , Pavone F. S. , Capitanio M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCells sense mechanical signals and forces to probe the external environment and adapt to tissue morphogenesis, external mechanical stresses and a wide range of diverse mechanical cues. Here, we propose a combination of optical tools to manipulate single cells and measure the propagation of mechanical and biochemical signals inside them. Optical tweezers are used to trap microbeads that are used as handles to manipulate the cell plasma membrane; genetically encoded FRET-based force sensors inserted in F-actin and alpha-actinin are used to measure the propagation of mechanical signals to the cell cytoskeleton, while fluorescence microscopy with single-molecule sensitivity can be used with a huge array of biochemical and genetic sensors. We describe the details of the setup implementation, the calibration of the basic components and preliminary characterization of actin and alpha-actinin FRET-based force sensors.
Effects of temperature and FCC phase size on the deformation mechanism of pure titanium nanopillars: A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yang Dan , Ren Junqiang , Wang Qi , Lu Xuefeng , Lei Qingfeng , Xue Hongtao , Tang Fuling , Ding Yutian 
Published: March 2021

The mechanism of plastic deformation under tensile and compressive loading of hexagonal close-packed (HCP)/face-centered cubic (FCC) biphasic titanium (Ti) nanopillars at different temperatures (70 K, 150 K, 300 K and 400 K) and different FCC phase sizes (2 nm, 4 nm, 6 nm and 8 nm) was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD). The plastic deformation is mainly concentrated in the FCC phase during compression loading. The HCP/FCC interface is the main source of [Formula: see text] Shockley partial dislocations. As the temperature increases, the dislocation nucleation rate increases and the surface dislocation source is activated. During tensile loading, it is more likely that the Shockley partial dislocations react with each other in the FCC phase to form Lomer–Cottrell sessile dislocations and stacking fault (SF) nets. When the temperature is reduced to 70 K, tensile twins are formed at the phase interface. The plastic deformation is dominated by twins and [Formula: see text] dislocation slip occurs in the HCP phase. The effect of the FCC phase size on the plastic deformation mechanism of the nanopillar is strong. The FCC phase is transformed into the HCP phase when the FCC phase size in the nanopillar is reduced to 4 nm under compressive loading. However, twin deformation occurs at the HCP/FCC interface when the FCC phase size is reduced to 2 nm under tensile loading.
Computing Bounds of Fractional Metric Dimension of Metal Organic Graphs
Authors: Raza Mohsin , Alrowaili Dalal Awadh , Javaid Muhammad , Shabbir Khurram 
Published: March 2021

Metal organic graphs are hollow structures of metal atoms that are connected by ligands, where metal atoms are represented by the vertices and ligands are referred as edges. A vertex

x

resolves the vertices

u

and

v

of a graph

G

if

d

u
,
x

≠
d

v
,
x

. For a pair

u
,
v

of vertices of

G

,

R

u
,
v

=

x
∈
V

G

:
d

x
,
u

≠
d

x
,
v

is called its resolving neighbourhood set. For each pair of vertices

u

and

v

in

V

G

, if

f

R

u
,
v

≥
1

, then

f

from

V

G

to the interval

0,1

is called resolving function. Moreover, for two functions

f

and

g

,

f

is called minimal if

f
≤
g

and

f

v

≠
g

v

for at least one

v
∈
V

G

. The fractional metric dimension (FMD) of

G

is denoted by

dim

f

G

and defined as

dim

f

G

=
min

g

:
g

is a minimal resolving function of
G

, where

g

=

∑

v
∈
V

G

g

v

. If we take a pair of vertices

u
,
v

of

G

as an edge

e
=
u
v

of

G

, then it becomes local fractional metric dimension (LFMD)

dim

l
f

G

. In this paper, local fractional and fractional metric dimensions of

MOG

n

are computed for

n
≅
1

mod
2

in the terms of upper bounds. Moreover, it is obtained that metal organic is one of the graphs that has the same local and fractional metric dimension.
Abstract P38: An examination of COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status
Authors: Miller Carrie A. , Guidry Jeanine P.D. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine patterns of and factors associated with COVID-19-related preventive behaviors practiced by cancer survivors. Methods: Participants (N=897) were recruited through a commercial survey administration and sampling company, Qualtrics, in June 2020. Quota sampling was utilized to ensure the sample would consist of approximately one-third of cancer patients currently in treatment, one-third of cancer survivors not currently in treatment, and one-third of individuals without a history of cancer. Survey items collected information on socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, and education attainment) and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors in the past week. Eight items focused on handwashing, avoiding contact with sick people, staying home when feeling sick, respiratory hygiene, avoiding touching face, social distancing, avoiding large gatherings, and wearing a mask were reported on a 4-point Likert scale (never to frequently). Differences between groups were assessed using one-way ANOVAs with Tukey post hoc tests. Results: Respondents were 49.6 years (SD=17.3) on average, 51.6% female, and 48.9% had a Bachelor’s degree or higher education attainment. Most respondents were White (66.7%), with 16.8% Black and 16.5% Hispanic participants. Those with no history of cancer were more likely to avoid someone ill (p&lt;.01) and stay home when sick (p&lt;.001) than cancer survivors not currently in treatment. However, survivors were less likely to stay home when sick than cancer patients in treatment (p=001) and less likely to avoid touching their face (p&lt;.05) than those with no cancer history. Analyses are ongoing and will explore factors related to COVID-19 preventive behaviors within each group. Conclusions: There are differences in COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status. Future research should examine the factors underlying these differences and adapt prevention efforts using this information.
Citation Format: Carrie A. Miller, Jeanine P.D. Guidry, Bernard F. Fuemmeler. An examination of COVID-19-related preventive behaviors by cancer status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P38.
Abstract S03-04: Spatial profiling of lung SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection identifies virus specific host responses and gene signatures
Authors: Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late 2019 has spread globally, causing a pandemic of respiratory illness designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Robust blood biomarkers that reflect tissue damage are urgently needed to better stratify and triage infected patients. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to generate an in-depth picture of the pulmonary transcriptional landscape of COVID-19 (10 patients), pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza (5) and uninfected control patients (4). Host transcriptomics showed a significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, type I interferon production, coagulation and angiogenesis in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to non-infected controls. SARS-CoV-2 was non-uniformly distributed in lungs with few areas of high viral load and these were largely only associated with an increased type I interferon response. A very limited number of genes were differentially expressed between the lungs of influenza and COVID-19 patients. Specific interferon-associated genes (including IFI27) were identified as candidate novel biomarkers for COVID-19 differentiating this COVID-19 from influenza. Collectively, these data demonstrate that spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool to identify novel gene signatures within tissues, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 to aid in patient triage and treatment.
Citation Format: Arutha Kulasinghe. Spatial profiling of lung SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infection identifies virus specific host responses and gene signatures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr S03-04.
Paradigms on Immunotherapy Combinations with Chemotherapy
Authors: Salas-Benito Diego , Pérez-Gracia José L. , Ponz-Sarvisé Mariano , Rodriguez-Ruiz María E. , Martínez-Forero Iván , Castañón Eduardo , López-Picazo José M. , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Melero Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCheckpoint inhibitors are being added to standard-of-care chemotherapy in multiple clinical trials. Success has been reported in non–small and small cell lung carcinomas and urothelial, head and neck, gastric, and esophageal cancers, and promising results are already available in triple-negative breast and pancreatic malignancies. The potential mechanisms of synergy include immunogenic tumor cell death, antiangiogenesis, selective depletion of myeloid immunosuppressive cells, and lymphopenia, which reduces regulatory T cells and makes room for proliferation of effector T cells. However, chemotherapy regimens have not been optimized for such combinations, perhaps explaining some recent clinical trial disappointments. Approaches to make the most of chemoimmunotherapy include neoadjuvant and adjuvant schemes.Significance: Immunotherapy of cancer based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has prompted a revolution in cancer clinical management. Evidence in phase III clinical trials already supports combinations of immunotherapy with standard-of-care chemotherapy for a number of malignant diseases. This review focuses on such evidence and provides an overview of the potential synergistic mechanisms of action and the opportunities to optimize chemoimmunotherapy regimens.
A identificação de elementos intangíveis em paisagens não tão notáveis: o caso do calçadão da rua Cardoso Vieira em Campina Grande / PB
Authors: Dantas Hugo Stefano Monteiro , Anjos Kainara Lira dos 
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo busca entender como os elementos intangíveis de paisagens não tão notáveis, aquelas que não possuem atributos excepcionais, podem ser elencados e utilizados como ferramentas para a conservação não apenas de tais paisagens, mas também da memória urbana local. Para isso, o Calçadão da rua Cardoso Vieira, localizado em Campina Grande/PB, foi escolhido como objeto empírico do estudo. A partir de autores como Ziayee (2018), Gehl Institute (2018) e Strauss e Corbin (2008), foi realizado um recorte dos elementos a serem elencados no local e algumas etapas metodológicas foram levantas para a operacionalização de tais teorias: pesquisa documental, visitas in loco, aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de um método etnográfico observacional. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que nas paisagens não tão notáveis os elementos intangíveis possuem valores que, embora não sejam universais, são de grande importância para a escala de seus usuários, aumentando assim, o nível de pertencimento e da conexão dos mesmos com o local. Dessa forma, torna-se claro que os elementos intangíveis de paisagens não tão notáveis devem receber a atenção adequada para a devida conservação da paisagem, igualmente como da memória e da história do local.
Temporal Trends of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Without Resuscitation Attempt by Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Waldmann Victor , Karam Nicole , Gaye Bamba , Bougouin Wulfran , Dumas Florence , Sharifzadehgan Ardalan , Narayanan Kumar , Kassim Haoiinda , Beganton Frankie , Jost Daniel , Lamhaut Lionel , Loeb Thomas , Adnet Frédéric , Agostinucci Jean-Marc , Deltour Sandrine , Revaux François , Ludes Bertrand , Voicu Sebastian , Megarbane Bruno , Jabre Patricia , Cariou Alain , Marijon Eloi , Jouven Xavier ,   on behalf Paris-SDEC investigators
Published: March 2021

Background:
Significant improvements in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been reported; however, these are based only on data from OHCA in whom resuscitation is initiated by emergency medical services (EMS). We aimed to assess the characteristics and temporal trends of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS.

Methods:
Prospective population-based study between 2011 and 2016 in the Greater Paris area (6.7 million inhabitants). All cases of OHCA were included in collaboration with EMS units, 48 different hospitals, and forensic units.

Results:

Among 15 207 OHCA (mean age 70.7±16.9 years, 61.6% male), 5486 (36.1%) had no resuscitation attempt by EMS. Factors that were independently associated with increase in likelihood of no resuscitation attempt included: age of patients (odds ratio, 1.06 per year [95% CI, 1.05–1.06],
P
<0.001), female sex (odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.10–1.32],
P
=0.002), OHCA at home location (odds ratio, 3.38 [95%CI, 2.86–4.01],
P
<0.001), and absence of bystander (odds ratio, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.74–2.16],
P
<0.001). Overall, the annual number of OHCA increased by 9.1% (from 2923 to 3189,
P
=0.028). This increase was related to an increase of the annual number of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS by 26.3% (from 993 to 1253,
P
=0.012), while the annual number of OHCA with resuscitation attempt by EMS did not significantly change (from 1930 to 1936,
P
=0.416). Considering only cases with resuscitation attempt, survival rate at hospital discharge increased (from 7.3% to 9.5%,
P
=0.02). However, when considering all OHCA, survival improvement did not reach statistical significance (from 4.8% to 5.7%,
P
=0.17).

Conclusions:
We demonstrated an increase of the total number of OHCA related to an increase of the number of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS. This increasing proportion of OHCA without resuscitation attempt attenuates improvement in survival rates achieved in EMS-treated patients.
Why Indonesia Adopted ‘Quiet Diplomacy’ over R2P in the Rohingya Crisis: The Roles of Islamic Humanitarianism, Civil–Military Relations, and asean
Authors: Smith Claire Q. , Williams Susannah G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Following atrocities against the minority Muslim Rohingya population by the Myanmar military, several states have imposed sanctions and deployed international justice strategies against the Myanmar government. In contrast, Indonesia has used an alternative ‘quiet diplomacy’ approach, focused on aid delivery to affected communities and cooperation with Myanmar. The paper presents one of the first empirical examinations of Indonesia’s role, and considers Indonesia’s approach from a realpolitik perspective to show why Indonesia has avoided R2P measures. The paper identifies three factors that shaped Indonesia’s approach: Islamic humanitarianism, Indonesia’s own experience of managing civil–military relations during a contested democratic transition, and its continued commitment to core asean principles. The paper also contributes to wider debates by identifying some of the limitations of R2P, especially in terms of how R2P can be sidelined by national and regional diplomatic priorities, in this case manifested in the quiet diplomacy approach.