bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐facilitated Fast Tissue Specimen Preparation Technology
Authors: Chu Wei‐Sing 
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound (US) facilitated formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimen preparation technology (US‐FFPE) is developed from the widely accepted FFPE technology by introducing ultrasound in each step of the process. The US‐FFPE does not change the gold standard FFPE tissue morphology. However, it greatly reduces tissue sample preparation time. The whole procedure of FFPE tissue specimen preparation is reduced from 16‐48 hr to 20‐60 min.The final diagnosis of cancers can be produced in a few hours after surgery or biopsy instead of a few days. This increase of turnaround rate will considerably save patient care costs and greatly relieve patients' psychological burdens in waiting for results.The US‐FFPE technology changes the mechanism of biomolecule modification and cross‐linking caused by formalin fixation. Biomolecules are much more accessible for detection and extraction. The fact that tissue specimens are "frozen in time" at the point of US‐FFPE fixation can greatly improve the integrity of biomolecules in tissue specimens, especially for mRNA and phosphoproteins.We have constructed a prototype multi‐sample investigational US‐FFPE device. Morphological and molecular biology assay results on tissue specimens produced by the prototype US‐FFPE device were highly comparable to those on tissue specimens produced by the conventional FFPE method.We also tested the US‐FFPE device with the non‐formalin based fixative Z7 and produced highly satisfactory morphological and molecular assay results, indicating that the US‐FFPE device can also be used with other fixatives.
Association between weight loss response and sleep among overweight women participating in a weight loss intervention trial
Authors: Morrow Kelly L , Ravia Jennifer J , Rock Cheryl L , Zoumas‐Morse Christine , Flatt Shirley W , Cussler Ellen C , Thomson Cynthia A 
Published: June 2021

Chronic sleep deprivation (< 7 hours of sleep for more than 3 consecutive days), has been associated with higher BMI and weight gain, possibly secondary to elevated serum cortisol levels. Whether weight loss results in a reduction in cortisol levels and/or improved sleep patterns in overweight adults is unknown. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort subsample of overweight women enrolled in a randomized, controlled, multi‐center weight loss intervention trial (n=144). Subjects were assessed at baseline and 6 months for sleep duration and quality, using the self‐reported Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a.m. serum cortisol levels. Baseline weight among participants was 91.7 ± 10.0 kg (mean + SD). A significant weight loss of 8.1 ± 5.9 kg was observed at 6 months (p <0.0001). PSQI scores were stable from baseline to 6 months (5.2, 5.3, respectively). Regression analysis suggested a small, statistically significant improvement in PSQI score with weight loss at 6 months (p < 0.015), controlling for baseline age, weight and PSQI score. Cortisol levels were stable and within reference normal limits throughout (13.7 ± 6.1 µg/dL). This preliminary analysis suggests that an average weight loss of 8.1 ± 5.7 kg is associated with improved PSQI scores, though not cortisol levels, among overweight adult women. Funded by a contract with Jenny Craig, Inc. and the University of Arizona Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program.Grant Funding SourceContract with Jenny Craig, Inc. and University of Arizona Graduate Department
Thresholds for bone loss with energy restriction change with exercise status
Authors: Swift Sibyl , Greene Elizabeth S , De Souza Mary Jane , Bloomfield Susan A 
Published: June 2021

Dietary energy deficits leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise can mitigate bone loss in virgin female rats subjected to graded energy deficits. After acclimation, 72 rats (5‐mo‐old) were randomized to control groups (ADLIB‐EX & ADLIB‐SED) were fed AIN‐93M ad lib. Energy restricted, exercised groups (ER20‐EX & ER40‐EX) and sedentary energy‐restricted groups (ER20‐SED & ER40‐SED) were fed modified AIN93M with 10%, 30%, 20% and 40% less energy respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided. Treadmill running in EX rats increased weekly energy expenditure by 10%. At wks 0 and 12, peripheral quantitative tomography scans assessed volumetric bone mineral density or bone mineral content (BMC) at the midshaft and proximal tibia (PT). DEXA scans assessed changes in body composition and total body BMC. After 12 wk only ER40‐SED rats lost body mass (‐15%), lean mass (‐4%) and total body BMC (‐6%). Fat mass in both ER‐40 groups decreased dramatically (‐68%). The cancellous bone site (PT) was selectively affected by ER, with significant declines in both 40% ER groups. Cort. BMC at mid‐tibia was unaffected by ER. In summary, 20% ER had no negative effect on bone parameters, whereas 40% ER negatively affects cancellous bone in both EX & SED animals. There appears to be a threshold for ER effects on cancellous bone, but total body BMC loss with 40% ER is prevented by exercise.Grant Funding SourceDept. of Defense #WSIXWH‐06‐1‐0479
Beta2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) genotype is associated with acute effects and withdrawal symptoms of caffeine
Authors: Day Tasevski Erica Lynne , Cahill Leah , Garofalo Francesca , Eny Karen , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Twin studies suggest that genetic variation plays an important role in the interindividual variability in caffeine consumption behaviour and its acute effects and withdrawal symptoms. The objective was to determine if genetic polymorphisms of β2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2), a target of caffeine action, is associated with the self‐reported acute effects experienced within 12 hours of consuming a caffeinated beverage or withdrawal symptoms experienced up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume caffeine. Subjects (196 male, 479 female) aged 20‐29 years completed a caffeine habits questionnaire and provided a blood sample for genotyping a polymorphism in the ADRβ2 gene (rs1042713, 47G>A). Caffeine acute effects and withdrawal symptoms were compared between genotypes using chi‐square tests. In this population, the frequency of the G and A alleles were 55% and 45%, respectively. Subjects with the GG genotype were less likely than those with GA or AA genotypes to experience dizziness up to 12 hours after consuming a caffeinated beverage (3%, 9%, 8%, p=0.01). The proportion of subjects who experience anxiety/nervousness up to 48 hours after ceasing to consume a caffeinated beverage was 7%, 16% and 15% (p=0.05) for the GG, GA and AA genotypes, respectively. These findings suggest that ADRβ2 genotype is associated with certain adverse acute effects of caffeine and withdrawal symptoms.Grant Funding SourceAdvanced Foods and Materials Network
Nutritional support in severely malnourished children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Vasquez‐Garibay Edgar Manuel , Ramirez‐Magaña Olga Yolanda , Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Ibarra‐Gutierrez Maria Isabel , Troyo‐Sanroman Rogelio 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose is to demonstrate that a five‐week‐period of enteral feeding attains an efficient nutritional recovery in children severely malnourished children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsInformation of a clinical assay on 21 subjects was included; 78% had spastic cuadriplejia. All were fed a cow's milk infant or soy protein isolated formula by continuous enteral feeding either by naso‐gastric or gastrostomy via. Subjects were stratified into three subgroups: Group 1 < 5 kg; Group 2 > 5 to = 10 kg and group 3 > 10 kg of weight. A paired student t test for the comparison basal vs. final means was used.Results58% were females, 5 subjects under 15, 8 from 12 to 71, 8 from 72 to 120 months and 10 > 120 months of age. The amount of liquids (mL) was higher, final vs. initial mean in groups 1 and 2 (686 vs. 1034, 1222 vs. 1755 respectively) (p < 0.02). There were not differences in the protein and energy intake final vs. basal in any group. At final, groups 1, 2 and 3 were receiving 153, 130, 84 kcal/kg/d and proteins 3.6, 2.8, 1.7 g/kg/d respectively. Direct and indirect anthropometric indicators (weight, height, skin folds, BMI, muscular and fat arm areas) were significant higher in the final vs. basal measurements (p < 0.01).ConclusionFive weeks of nutritional support were sufficient for attaining a significantly nutritional recovery in severely malnourished children with CP when they were stratified by weight instead of age.
Cardiometabolic plasticity in young Hispanic and nonHispanic white adults in response to diet and exercise
Authors: Schmidt Stacy L , Pfaffenbach Kyle T , McCabe Kathryn M , Klamer Holly , Botero Maria , Hickey Matt S , Melby Chris L 
Published: June 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are more prevalent in Hispanics (H) than nonHispanic whites (NHW) in the US, suggesting that H may be less responsive to the same lifestyle intervention as NHW. We therefore compared the effects of a short term exercise and low saturated fat, low sugar diet intervention on T2D and MetS risk factors in H and NHW sedentary adults. Participants (20 NHW: 11F, 9M, age=23.0 y, BMI=25.5; 17 H: 13F, 4M, age=22.7, BMI=25.4) consumed their habitual diets and remained sedentary for 7 days, after which an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed. Subjects then completed a 7 day diet/exercise intervention (6 sessions, 40 min/session at 65% VO2 max) followed by a second IVGTT ~16 h later. Pre intervention insulin sensitivity (Si) was lower in H, improved proportionately with the lifestyle intervention, but remained lower than NHW following the intervention (IAUC µU*min/L pre, post: H = 2298, 1635; NHW = 1795, 1211). Despite lower Si, pre test lipids were no different in H compared to NHW, but improved in both groups (total cholesterol mg/dl: H: pre = 150, post = 135, NHW = 162, 147; LDL‐C mg/dl: H = 102, 97; NHW = 107, 95; Small dense LDL particles nmol/L: H: = 423, 393; NHW = 408, 349). These data suggest that despite higher risk for T2D and MetS, young H adults are as metabolically responsive as NHW to a short term diet/exercise intervention.Funding: CO Ag Expt Station (CLM, MSH)Grant Funding SourceColorado Agriculture Experiment Station
Household food supply is affected by food abundance‐food shortage monthly cycle among food insecure women in Ohio
Authors: Ye Qian , Remley Dan , Zubieta Ana Claudia , Long Cindy , Angell Deb , Mims Sheryl , Melgar‐Quinonez Hugo 
Published: June 2021

This study assesses the existence of a monthly cycle of food abundance‐shortage among food insecure Caucasian women in Ohio. The study interviewed 29 low income women at the beginning and the end of two continuous months. Household food supply was assessed using a shelf food‐inventory questionnaire with a list of food items common to Ohioan households. Food insecurity was measured by a Household Food Security Module. Body mass index was calculated using measured heights and weights. Differences in the number of food items between the beginning and the end of the months were determined through paired t‐test. Most of the women were classified as overweight or obese (78% and 66%, respectively), and 93% of them were food insecure. The number of food inventory items at the beginning of each month was significantly higher than at the end of the month (Month 1: 83.6 vs. 65.9; Month 2: 83.7 vs. 68.1; p=0.01). With the exemption of oils, the numbers of food inventory items by food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat & beans, and oils) were significantly higher at the beginning of both months. The biggest difference was observed in the meat & beans group (Month 1: 10.3 vs. 6.9; Month 2: 10.4 vs. 7.5; p=0.01). These findings indicate that food insecure households may suffer monthly cycles with drastic decreases of the food supply by the end of the month. Funded by Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (Grant # OHOA1277).Grant Funding SourceOhio Agricultural Research and Development Center
Effect of Unbalanced Dietary Habits to the Body Development of Preschool Children
Authors: Shin Kyung Ok , An Chang Hun , Hwang Hyo Jeong , Lee Jun Sik , Choi Kyung Soon , Chung Keun Hee 
Published: June 2021

The dietary habit and life style of preschool children will affect nutrient intake for children. Nutrient intake for preschool children is critical because it affects the growth and is an influencing factor for adult health status when they grow up.The objective of this research is to study how nutrient intake and life style will affect the body development for preschool children. Generally, 87% of children reporting had a good dietary habit, 53% of children had regular meals, 18% of children had balanced meals, and 39% of children had unbalanced meals. Children who eat unbalanced meal had relatively lower intake of meat, fish, egg, soy bean, kimchi, vegetable, fruit, and ate irregular meal compare to the children who eat balanced meal. However, those who eat unbalanced meal had relatively higher sweet food such as ice cream, cookie, and carbonated beverage and had lower intakes of niacin, Ca, and Zn.According to Kaup Index, 59.8% of reporting children had normal weight(KI=15‐18), 28.9 % are under‐weighted, and 11.3% are over‐weight or obese. In contrast, according to 20% of body fat, 14.9% of reporting children were under‐weighted, 20.6% were normal‐ weighted, 20.6% were obese, and 46.1% were over‐weighted or obese. Among children who eat balanced meal, 64.9% were normal‐weighted and 27.3% were under‐weighted, while among children who eat unbalanced meal, 30.4% were under‐weighted and 58.4% were normal‐weighted (p<0.01)Consequently, it is imperative to develop the teaching program for nutritionists and teachers who take care the children in the preschool facility.
Activation of nitric oxide‐cyclic GMP pathway (NO‐cGMP) with nitrite or sildenafil, but not BAY 41‐2272 (BAY), blunts acute pulmonary embolism (APE)‐induced increases in circulating matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and oxidative stress
Authors: Dias‐Junior Carlos Alan , Cau Stefany Bruno Assis , Montenegro Marcelo Freitas , Castro Michele Mazaron , Tanus‐Santos Jose Eduardo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesOxidative stress is a major upregulator of MMP‐9 and both are induced by APE, thus, we comparatively assessed the effects of NO‐cGMP activators with and without antioxidant properties on APE‐induced increases in MMP‐9.MethodsHemodynamic and biochemical evaluations were performed in non‐embolized dogs treated with saline (N= 5), and in embolized dogs (intravenous injections of microspheres) that received saline (n=9), or nitrite (6.75 µmol/kg over 15 min followed by 0.28 µmol/kg/min; n=5), or sildenafil (0.25 mg/kg over 30 min; n=5), or BAY (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg/h; n=5). Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 levels were determined using a fluorometric and gelatin zymography methods, respectively.ResultsAPE increased pulmonary artery pressure by ~25 mmHg. The infusion of each drug (nitrite, BAY, or sildenafil) reversed this increase by ~40% (all P<0.05) and similar effects were seen on the pulmonary vascular resistance. While both nitrite and sildenafil produced no systemic effects, the infusion of BAY produced systemic hypotension (P<0.05). While nitrite and sildenafil blunted the increases in plasma MMP‐9 levels and TBARS (all P<0.05), BAY produced no such effects.ConclusionThese findings are consistent with the idea that NO‐cGMP activators with antioxidant effects prevent the release of MMP‐9 during APE. Supported by FAPESP
The effect of HIV‐1 Tat on the aortic response to vasoconstrictors
Authors: McDonough Kathleen H. , Giaimo Mary , Prakash Om 
Published: June 2021

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) has long term effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems. The HIV‐1 protein tat alters synthesis of proteins such as nitric oxide synthase and cytokines. The combination of alcohol (Alc) and Tat may exacerbate the effects of either Alc or Tat alone. We tested the hypothesis that Tat, expressed in transgenic mice, would depress aortic responses to constrictor agents and Alc would exacerbate this effect. To test this hypothesis, transgenic and control mice were given water or water with Alc (20% v/v) for 6‐8 weeks and then aortic ring contraction to depolarization with KCl and alpha mediated contraction with phenylephrine (PE) was determined. Some mice were given endotoxin (Endo) to simulate inflammation. Isolated rings from control mice increased tension in response to KCl and PE by approximately 75% and 92%, respectively. Similar changes were noted in the Tat control group. Alc increased the response of rings from control mice to KCl but not to PE. Alc increased the response to constrictors in the Tat mice in the opposite way ‐ increased response to PE but no change in response to KCl. 24 hr after Endo, the per cent change in tension was increased by PE but not by KCl. Results suggest that the major influence on constrictor tone was recovery from Endo rather than Tat or Alc provision. The Endo effect was primarily demonstrated by the increased response to PE, a receptor mediated process.(Supported by NIH AA013555)
Stromatoxin‐1‐sensitive voltage‐gated K+ channels regulate rat urinary bladder smooth muscle contractility
Authors: Chen Muyan , Kellett Whitney F. , Petkov Georgi V. 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies report that stromatoxin‐1 (ScTx1), a 34‐amino acid peptide, selectively inhibits the voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channel members, Kv2.1, Kv2.2, Kv4.2, and Kv2.1/9.3 heteromultimers with high affinity. The objective of this study was to identify if any voltage‐gated Kv channels sensitive to ScTx1 participate in the regulation of rat urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) contractility. Freshly isolated rat UBSM strips and single UBSM cells were studied using molecular, immunological, and physiological techniques. RT‐PCR experiments on isolated UBSM cells show mRNA expression of Kv2.1, Kv2.2, and Kv9.3 but not Kv4.2 subunits (n=3). Protein expression of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 was further confirmed in single UBSM cells by applying immunological methods with specific antibodies (n=3). Isometric UBSM tension recordings of isolated UBSM strips showed that ScTx1 (100 nM) increased spontaneous phasic contraction amplitude and muscle force by about 20% without any effect on contraction frequency or muscle tone (n=5). The ScTx1 (100 nM) effect on UBSM contraction amplitude was observed even after the UBSM strips were depolarized with 20 mM K+ (n=3). Our studies indicate that Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 members of the Kv family play a key role in shaping rat UBSM contractility. New drugs targeting specific Kv channel subunits in the UBSM may prove useful for overactive bladder.Supported by NIH DK‐070909 to G.V. Petkov.
The effect of large fluctuations in arterial blood pressure on cerebral autoregulation during heat stress
Authors: Brothers R. Matthew , Zhang Rong , Wingo Jonathan E. , Hubing Kimberly A. , Crandall Craig G. 
Published: June 2021

This study tested the hypothesis that passive heat stress attenuates cerebral autoregulation during large swings in blood pressure (MAP). MAP and middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAVmean) were continuously recorded over ~6 min during normothermia (NT; body temperature (Tc) = 37.0±0.13 °C) and heat stress (HS; Tc = 38.1±0.14 °C, P<0.001) conditions in 9 healthy individuals. Swings in MAP were induced by oscillatory lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of 70 mmHg (NT) and 20 mmHg (HS) at a frequency of ~0.03 Hz (i.e., 15 s on 15 s off) and ~0.1 Hz (i.e., 5 s on 5 s off). Transfer function gain was calculated as power spectral density of MCAVmean / power spectral density of MAP. At 0.03 Hz LBNP, swings in MAP resulted in smaller swings in MCAVmean during HS relative to NT resulting in a reduced transfer function gain (NT: 0.38±0.4, HS: 0.14±0.06 cm•s‐1•mmHg‐1; P=0.01), which is reflective of improved cerebrovascular autoregulation. At 0.1 Hz LBNP, swings in MAP resulted in similar swings in MCAVmean between NT and HS resulting in similar transfer function gains (NT: 1.5±1.6, HS: 1.0±0.4 cm▸s‐1▸mmHg‐1; P=0.65). Contrary to our hypothesis these data indicate that cerebral autoregulation during large swings in MAP at a low frequency (0.03 Hz) is improved during HS; however, autoregulation is similar between thermal conditions when these swings occur at a higher frequency (0.1 Hz).Supported by NIH Grants HL61388 & HL84072
Translocating cell‐impermeable molecules through the plasma membrane of cancer cells
Authors: THEVENIN Damien , An Ming , Andreev Oleg , Reshetnyak Yana K. , Engelman Donald M. 
Published: June 2021

We have discovered a novel approach to specifically target tumors based on their acidity. Our method is based on pHLIP (pH Low Insertion Peptide) ‐ a peptide that is soluble at physiological pH and inserts across lipid bilayers as a transmembrane helix at acidic pH. Unlike other strategies, pHLIP can simultaneously target tumors, carry a cargo linked to its C‐terminus and translocate the payload across the plasma membrane. In drug design, a constraint has been to create molecules that are sufficiently hydrophobic and small to traverse membranes (Log P from ‐0.4 to +5.6 and MW of 160 to 480 g.mol‐1). As a result, a broad range of cell‐impermeable molecules is excluded from drug design and discovery. Our goal is to define the properties of cell‐impermeable cargo molecules linked to pHLIP to guide the use of this novel delivery system. In this study, peptides linked to the C‐terminus of pHLIP served as model cargos. These peptides follow a host‐guest model, where single amino acids can be modified to allow the fine adjustment of cargo properties and were designed to be membrane‐impermeable. We show that pHLIP can successfully translocate such membrane‐impermeable cargos (Log P < ‐2.5; MW ≈ 800) across lipid bilayers and cancer cell membranes. Thus, pHLIP can broaden the useful range of polarity and size of potential therapeutic agents as well as targeting them to tumors.Support: NIH CA133890 and GM073857
Using Fresh Tissue to Teach Anatomy
Authors: Acland Robert D 
Published: June 2021

This presentation summarizes the author's experience over 25 years as Director of an active Fresh Tissue Dissection Laboratory in a large academic center. During that time the Laboratory has become an important part of the center's infrastructure. Three of its many roles will be highlighted: 1) it is a center for surgeons to re‐learn anatomy and practice new skills; 2) it enables first year students to understand anatomy as seen in the living body; and 3) it has made possible the creation of a comprehensive anatomy video series.The presentation will also describe one center's experience with light embalming as a practical alternative to "fresh" tissue; and will explore the several different meanings of the latter term.