bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal biomicroscopic system for the characterization of cells with high spatial phase sensitivity and sub‐pixel accuracy
Authors: Tayal Shilpa , Singh Veena , Kaur Tejinder , Singh Neetu , Mehta Dalip Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultimodal analysis is highly advantageous for various biomedical applications including cancer and brain studies. Simultaneous measurement of quantitative phase with sub‐pixel accuracy and fluorescence image is difficult to achieve in single measurement. Conventionally, off‐axis interferograms are analyzed using the Fourier‐transform method which limits the accuracy of the phase maps by pixel size, and usually the location of the carrier peak is in sub‐pixel. We report a multimodal microscopic system consisting of high‐resolution (HR) quantitative phase interferometer to retrieve sub‐pixel accuracy in phase imaging and an oblique‐illumination‐based fluorescence imaging system which decouples the excited light from emitted signal light to avoid saturation of the camera, both integrated into a single unit. Here, highly resolved phase maps are obtained using a two‐step process. First, using a speckle‐free illumination which offers high spatial phase sensitivity. Second, using a hamming window for accurate estimation of original signal frequency information and HR discrete Fourier transform (DFT) which offers sub‐pixel accuracy in phase measurements. HR‐DFT has computational load of , where is the size of the interferogram and is the upsampling factor, making system computationally more robust and efficient compared to zero‐padded FFT. The experiment is conducted on MG63 osteosarcoma and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their quantitative parameters are extracted with significantly improved accuracy. The average phase for MG63 cells and hMSCs, for nucleus is obtained to be 8.02 rad ± 0.80 rad and 4.29 rad ± 0.43 rad, respectively, and for cytoplasm is obtained to be 2.63 rad ± 0.96 rad and 1.73 rad ± 0.57 rad, respectively.
Low‐temperature synthesis of ZnO/ZnS/CuS heterojunction based on solution‐processed nanosheet array with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Yuan Ye , Lu Huiqing , Gao Shiyong , Ren Shuai , Rong Ping , Jiao Shujie , Wang Dongbo , Wang Jinzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZnO/ZnS/CuS net‐like nanosheet (NS) heterojunction array was fabricated via a simple solution method at a low temperature. Morphology and structure of ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). With tiny particles attaching on the rough surface, the thin ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS grew vertically and arranged regularly on Al substrate, providing large effective illumination area and massive active sites. Elemental composition and valence state were confirmed with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The UV–vis absorbance spectra indicated that the absorption range of ZnO NS was expanded to the visible region effectively, and the original absorption intensity in the ultraviolet region was also improved after being coated with ZnS and CuS. Photocatalytic activity tests of ZnO, ZnO/ZnS, and ZnO/ZnS/CuS NS were carried out with methyl orange as a simulated pollutant, in which ZnO/ZnS/CuS heterojunction showed great enhancement when making comparison with pure ZnO and ZnO/ZnS NS. After five reuse cycles, photocatalytic performance could still be maintained well, indicating the good catalytic stability. Finally, a probable photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed.
Temperature‐dependence of metabolism and fuel selection from cells to whole organisms
Authors: Holden Kaitlyn G. , Hedrick Ashley R. , Gangloff Eric J. , Hall Steven J. , Bronikowski Anne M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTemperature affects nearly every aspect of how organisms interact with and are constrained by their environment. Measures of organismal energetics, such as metabolic rate, are highly temperature‐dependent and governed through temperature effects on rates of biochemical reactions. Characterizing the relationships among levels of biological organization can lend insight into how temperature affects whole‐organism function. We tested the temperature dependence of cellular oxygen consumption and its relationship to whole‐animal metabolic rate in garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Additionally, we tested whether thermal responses were linked to shifts in the fuel source oxidized to support metabolism with the use of carbon stable isotopes. Our results demonstrate temperature dependence of metabolic rates across levels of biological organization. Cellular (basal, adenosine triphosphate‐linked) and whole‐animal rates of respiration increased with temperature but were not correlated within or among individuals, suggesting that variation in whole‐animal metabolic rates is not due simply to variation at the cellular level, but rather other interacting factors across scales of biological organization. Counter to trends observed during fasting, elevated temperature did not alter fuel selection (i.e., natural‐abundance stable carbon isotope composition in breath, δ13Cbreath). This consistency suggests the maintenance and oxidation of a single fuel source supporting metabolism across a broad range of metabolic demands.
Low serum prealbumin concentration predicts long‐term mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B and/or C virus infections
Authors: Nguyen Huu Dung , Dao Bui Quy Quyen , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Nguyen Duc Loc , Truong Dinh Cam , Trung Kien Nguyen , Do Quyet , Tran Viet Tien , Le Viet Thang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimA low serum prealbumin concentration is common in maintenance hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B and C and may be associated with mortality. In this study, we assessed Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis predictive value of a low serum prealbumin concentration on mortality in HD patients using reused low‐flux dialyzers who were infected with hepatitis B and/or C virus.MethodsWe used serum prealbumin levels to predict the long‐term mortality of 326 hemodialysis patients. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 140, with hepatitis B and/or C virus infections), and group 2 (n = 186, without hepatitis virus infections).ResultsDuring a 5‐year follow‐up, there were 75 deaths due to all‐cause mortality (23.0%). Mortality was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with hepatitis B and/or C infection (44%) than in those without hepatitis infection (8%). Serum prealbumin was lower in the hepatitis infected group and mortality group than in non‐infected group and survival group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that long duration of HD and lower serum prealbumin and albumin were related to mortality in patients undergoing maintenance HD. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that serum prealbumin had a good prognostic value in predicting mortality in both groups with hepatitis B and/or C virus infection and without hepatitis infection (AUC = 0.792 [95% confidence interval: 0.714–0.87], P < 0.001; cut‐off value = 24.5 mg/dl, sensitivity = 62.3%, and specificity = 88.6%).ConclusionIn HD patients, serum prealbumin was a good prognostic biomarker of mortality in both groups of patients with hepatitis B and/or C virus infections and without hepatitis infections.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐related complications for bile duct stones in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients
Authors: Saito Hirokazu , Kadono Yoshihiro , Shono Takashi , Kamikawa Kentaro , Urata Atsushi , Nasu Jiro , Imamura Haruo , Matsushita Ikuo , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Tada Shuji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent guidelines recommend the removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. We conducted this study because of the limited research comparing the risks of ERCP‐related complications between these two groups.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 1491 patients with native major duodenal papilla diagnosed with choledocholithiasis at three institutions in Japan. The rates of ERCP‐related complications, including post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation, were compared using one‐to‐one propensity score matching between the asymptomatic and symptomatic patients.ResultsComplications were observed in 112 (7.5%) of the 1491 patients (asymptomatic group: 31/172 [18.0%] vs symptomatic group: 81/1319 [6.1%], P < 0.001). The rate of severe complications was higher in the asymptomatic group than that in the symptomatic group (asymptomatic group: 5/31 [16.1%] vs symptomatic group: 3/81 [3.7%], P = 0.036). In the propensity‐matched asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, the incidences of PEP, cholangitis, bleeding, and perforation were 18/143 (12.6%) vs 4/143 (2.8%) (P = 0.003); 4/107 (3.7%) vs 6/107 (5.6%) (P = 0.75); 1/140 (0.7%) vs 3/140 (2.1%) (P = 0.62); and 2/140 (1.4%) vs 2/140 (1.4%) (P = 1.0).ConclusionsERCP for asymptomatic patients with CBD stones is associated with a higher risk of overall and severe complications than that for symptomatic patients with CBD stones; the overall rate is influenced by the high incidence of PEP in the asymptomatic group. Endoscopists should explain the risk of ERCP‐related complications for asymptomatic patients before performing the procedure.
Otolaryngology Department and Society Leadership: Evaluation of Diversity in a Nationwide Study
Authors: Uppal Priya A. , Kollu Tejas , Thomas Melissa , Mammen Luke , Mortensen Melissa 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDiversity in medicine positively influences healthcare delivery. As we aim to make otolaryngology more diverse, it is essential to analyze our current leadership.Study DesignObservational study.MethodsA total of 262 department chairs and chiefs, residency program directors, and assistant and associate directors from 117 otolaryngology residency programs as well as 92 society leaders from nine otolaryngology national societies from 2010 to 2020 in the United States are included in this study. The position, academic rank, name, gender, inferred race (based on name and image), and h‐index are collected and recorded from publicly available data. Fisher's exact test, unpaired t tests, and analysis of variance tests are used.ResultsThe ethno‐racial breakdown of all otolaryngology residency leaders is as follows: 78.63% non‐Hispanic (NH) White, 16.03% NH Asian, 2.29% Middle Eastern, 1.91% NH Black, and 1.15% Latinx. Male gender is found to be a predictor of full professorship title (P < .0001) with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.066. NH White male is also a predictor of full professorship (P < .0001) with an OR 3.05. When comparing h‐index, males and females differ (P < .0001) across all residency leadership positions. There is a higher h‐index among full professors compared to non‐full professors (P < .0001). The ethno‐racial breakdown of society leaders is 84% NH White, 11% NH Asian, 2% NH Black, 2% Latinx, and 1% Middle Eastern.ConclusionsIn conclusion, otolaryngology leadership has an under‐representation of women and certain ethno‐racial groups. Continued efforts should be made to diversify our specialty's leadership.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1729–1737, 2022
Improved mood following a single immersion in cold water
Authors: Kelly John S. , Bird Ellis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing volume of anecdotal and scientific evidence suggests that mood may be enhanced following swimming in cold water. The exact mechanisms responsible are largely unknown, but may include the effects of exercise from swimming and the effects of cold. This study examined the effect on mood following immersion in cold water, where swimming was not the primary activity.MethodsThe Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was completed by 64 undergraduate students. The following week, 42 participants completed up to 20‐min immersion (18ʹ36ʺ ± 1ʹ48ʺ) in cold sea water (13.6°C). Twenty‐two participants acted as controls. The POMS was completed immediately following the cold‐water immersion by both groups.ResultsThe cold‐water immersion group showed a significant decrease, with a large effect size, of 15 points from 51 to 36, compared to 2 points in the control group, 42 to 40. Positive sub‐scales increased significantly in the cold‐water immersion group (Vigour by 1.1, and Esteem‐Related Affect by 2.2 points) and negative sub‐scales showed significant reductions (Tension by 2.5, Anger 1.25, Depression 2.1, Fatigue 2.2, and Confusion 2.8 points). The control showed no significant change except for depression, which was significantly higher after the period by 1.6 points.ConclusionCold‐water immersion is a well‐tolerated therapy that is capable of significantly improving mood in young, fit, and healthy individuals. A key aim of this study was to control for the effects of swimming as a mechanism responsible for the improvement in mood which has been shown in previous studies. Thus, the change in mood evidenced in this study was not due to physical activity per se. Consequently, the hypothesis that cold in and of itself can improve mood is supported.
Magnaporthe oryzae as an expression host for the production of the unspecific peroxygenase AaeUPO from the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita
Authors: Jacob Stefan , Bormann Sebastian , Becker Michael , Antelo Luis , Holtmann Dirk , Thines Eckhard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae has the potential to be developed as an alternative platform organism for the heterologous production of industrially important enzymes. M. oryzae is easy to handle, fast‐growing and unlike yeast, posttranslational modifications like N‐glycosylations are similar to the human organism. Here, we established M. oryzae as a host for the expression of the unspecific peroxygenase from the basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO). Note, UPOs are attractive biocatalysts for selective oxyfunctionalization of non‐activated carbon‐hydrogen bonds. To improve and simplify the isolation of AaeUPO in M. oryzae, we fused a Magnaporthe signal peptide for protein secretion and set it under control of the strong EF1α‐promoter. The success of the heterologous production of full‐length AaeUPO in M. oryzae and the secretion of the functional enzyme was confirmed by a peroxygenase‐specific enzyme assay. These results offer the possibility to establish the filamentous ascomycete M. oryzae as a broad applicable alternative expression system.
Frequency and Intensity of Premonitory Urges‐to‐Tic in Tourette Syndrome Is Associated With Supplementary Motor Area GABA+ Levels
Authors: He Jason L. , Mikkelsen Mark , Huddleston David A. , Crocetti Deana , Cecil Kim M. , Singer Harvey S. , Edden Richard A.E. , Gilbert Donald L. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Puts Nicolaas A.J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) often report that they express tics as a means of alleviating the experience of unpleasant sensations. These sensations are perceived as an urge to act and are referred to as premonitory urges. Premonitory urges have been the focus of recent efforts to develop interventions to reduce tic expression in those with TS.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the contribution of brain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels of the right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), supplementary motor area (SMA), and insular cortex (insula) to tic and urge severity in children with TS.MethodsEdited magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess GABA+ (GABA + macromolecules) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) of the right SM1, SMA, and insula in 68 children with TS (MAge = 10.59, SDAge = 1.33) and 41 typically developing control subjects (MAge = 10.26, SDAge = 2.21). We first compared GABA+ and Glx levels of these brain regions between groups. We then explored the association between regional GABA+ and Glx levels with urge and tic severity.ResultsGABA+ and Glx of the right SM1, SMA, and insula were comparable between the children with TS and typically developing control subjects. In children with TS, lower levels of SMA GABA+ were associated with more severe and more frequent premonitory urges. Neither GABA+ nor Glx levels were associated with tic severity.ConclusionsThese results broadly support the role of GABAergic neurotransmission within the SMA in the experience of premonitory urges in children with TS. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An all‐dielectric metasurface long‐pass cut‐off filter based on a multi‐nanocircular array perfect cut‐off absorber
Authors: Yu Yue , Qian Qinyu , Wang Chinhua , Fan Li , Cheng Liwen , Chen Haitao , Zhao Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report on an all‐dielectric cut‐off perfect absorber and an optical long‐pass filter using a gallium arsenide multi‐nanocylinder array grown on SiO2 in the wavelength from ultraviolet to infrared. A high average absorption of 0.985 is realized in the absorption band and there is a sharp cut‐off between the absorption band and the non‐absorption band, where the extinction ratio is 12.17 dB, the extinction difference is 0.88, and the cut‐off slope is 0.0047 nm−1. Based on the cut‐off absorption mechanism, a transmissive long‐pass cut‐off filter is proposed with extinction ratio of 21.56 dB, extinction difference of 0.86 and cutoff slope of 0.0049 nm−1. The average transmission of only 0.006 in the stop band and 0.967 in the pass band is realized. The demonstrated devices suggest an efficient way of designing cut‐off perfect absorbers and optical filters with metasurface, which is of important applications in advanced nanophotonic devices and integrated photonic systems.
Bandpass frequency selective surface with two sharp sidebands based on shunted quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities
Authors: Tang Min , Liu Qikun , Pan Chenqing , Liu Qing , Zhou Dongfang , Yao Zhenning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new highly selective bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed with sharp sidebands and low profile. The unit element is composed of two shunted quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavities with different dimensions and L‐shaped slots etched on both sides of dielectric substrates. Two transmission zeros and three transmission poles are obtained by TM0.5,0.5,0 resonance of cavities, slot resonance, and the coupling between them, which yield a flat passband with steep roll‐off in both sidebands. As unit dimension is miniaturized using quarter‐mode resonance, the FSS presents good angular stability for dual polarization. Simulated results indicate that the passband with insertion loss less than 1 dB covers 8.86–9.57 GHz, while the transitional bandwidth at both sides of the passband is 27 and 25 MHz, respectively. A prototype was fabricated and measured, the experimental results of which verified the design.
3D ring artifacts removal algorithm combined low‐rank tensor decomposition with spatial–sequential total variation regularization and its application in phase‐contrast microtomography
Authors: Li Yimin , Zhao Yuqing , Ji Dongjiang , Han Shuo , Zheng Mengting , Lv Wenjuan , Xin Xiaohong , Li Fangzhi , Zhao Xinyan , Liu Dayong , Hu Chunhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeHigh‐resolution synchrotron radiation X‐ray phase contrast microtomography (PC‐μCT) images often suffer from severe ring artifacts, which are mainly caused by undesirable responses of detector elements. In the medical imaging field, the existence of ring artifacts can lead to degraded visual quality and can directly affect diagnosis accuracy. Thus, removing or at least effectively reducing ring artifacts is indispensable.MethodThe existing ring artifacts removal algorithms mainly focus on two‐dimensional (matrix‐based) priors, and these algorithms fail to consider correlations hidden in sequential computed tomography (CT) images. This paper proposed a novel three‐dimensional (tensor‐based) ring artifacts removal algorithm for synchrotron radiation X‐ray PC‐μCT images. In the sinogram domain, ring artifacts manifest as vertical stripe artifacts. From an image decomposition perspective, a degraded sinogram can be decomposed into a stripe artifacts component and an underlying clean sinogram component. The proposed algorithm is designed to detect and remove stripe artifacts from a degraded sinogram by fully identifying the characteristics of the two components. Specifically, for the stripe artifacts component, tensor Tucker decomposition is used to describe its low‐rank character. For the underlying clean sinogram component, spatial–sequential total variation regularization is adopted to enhance the piecewise smoothness. Moreover, the Frobenius norm term is further used to model Gaussian noise. An efficient augmented Lagrange multiplier method is designed to solve the proposed optimization model.ResultsThe proposed method is evaluated utilizing both simulations and real data containing different ring artifacts patterns. In the simulations, the human chest CT images are used for evaluating the proposed method. We compare the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and mean absolute error (MAE) results of our algorithm with the Naghia's method, the RRRTV method, the wavelet–FFT method, and the SDRSD‐GIF method. The proposed method was also evaluated on real data from rat liver samples and rat tooth samples. Our proposed method outperforms the competing methods in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results. Additionally, the 3D visualization results were presented to make the ring artifacts removal effect more intuitive.ConclusionThe experimental results on simulations and real data clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the quality of PC‐μCT images compared with the existing popular algorithms, and it has great potential to promote the application of high‐resolution imaging for visualizing biological tissues.
Motor unit integrity in multifocal motor neuropathy: A systematic evaluation with CMAP scans
Authors: Stikvoort García Diederik J. L. , Kovalchuk Maria O. , Goedee H. Stephan , van Schelven Leonard J. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Franssen Hessel , Sleutjes Boudewijn T. H. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsProgressive axonal loss in multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is often assessed with nerve conduction studies (NCS), by recording maximum compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). However, reinnervation maintains the CMAP amplitude until a significant portion of the motor unit (MU) pool is lost. Therefore, we performed more informative CMAP scans to study MU characteristics in a large cohort of patients with MMN.MethodsWe derived the maximum CMAP amplitude (CMAPmax), an MU number estimate (MUNE), and the largest MU amplitude stimulus current required to elicit 5%, 50%, and 95% of CMAPmax (S5, S50, S95) and relative ranges ([S95 − S5] × 100 / S50) from the scans. These metrics were compared with clinical, laboratory, and NCS results.ResultsForty MMN patients and 24 healthy controls were included in the study. CMAPmax and MUNE were reduced in MMN patients (both P < .001). Largest MU amplitude as a percentage of CMAPmax was increased in MMN patients (P < .001). Disease duration and treatment duration were not associated with MUNE. Relative range was larger in patients with anti‐GM1 antibodies than in those without anti‐GM1 antibodies (P = .016) and controls (P < .001). The largest MU amplitudes were larger in patients without anti‐GM1 antibodies than in patients with anti‐GM1 antibodies (P = .037) and controls (P = .044).DiscussionWe found that MU loss is common in MMN and accompanied by enlarged MUs. Presence of anti‐GM1 antibodies was associated with increased relative range of MU thresholds and reduction in largest MU amplitude. Our findings indicate that CMAP scans complement routine NCS, and may have potential for practical monitoring of treatment efficacy and disease progression.