bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) against methotrexate‐induced intestinal damage in mice
Authors: Aldhahrani Adil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of guarana (Paullinia cupana) on intestinal damage induced by MTX in mice. Mice were classified into four groups: control, MTX, guarana (Paullinia cupana), and guarana (Paullinia cupana) together with MTX. Total antioxidant capacity together with glutathione, superoxide dismutase, MDA, ALT, AST, myeloperoxidase, total protein and IL‐1β were detected in the serum. Bax and Bcl2 expressions were detected in intestine together with histopathological examination and immunohistochemical examination of caspase‐9. Intoxication with MTX inhibited antioxidant and promoted myeloperoxidase activity in experimental mouse models but pre‐administration of guarana ameliorated this effect by inhibiting IL‐1β. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis found that MTX intoxication upregulated BAX expression, causing apoptosis, and downregulated Bcl2 expression. These were also brought under control following guarana pre‐administration. Histological examination of intestine indicated hyperplasia and desquamation of superficial epithelium of villi in the MTX‐administered group, as well as round cell infiltration in the lamina propria. Pre‐administration of guarana protected against these effects. The MTX group showed that caspase‐9 expression was upregulated, increasing immune‐reactivity in comparison to the guarana experimental groups. These combined effects lead to the conclusion that guarana has a preventative or protective effect against MTX‐induced oxidative stress in the intestinal tissue.
Effect of nanoprocessing on the physicochemical properties of bovine, porcine, chicken, and rabbit bone powders
Authors: Li Xue , He Zhifei , Xu Jingbing , Zhang Ling , Liang Yexing , Yang Shixiong , Wang Zefu , Zhang Dong , Gao Feihu , Li Hongjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe chemical composition and hardness of bovine bone, porcine bone, chicken bone, and rabbit bone were compared, as well as the influence of nanoprocessing on the physicochemical characteristics of these bone powders. A series of nanofabrication processes led to an increase in bone minerals and the loss of protein and fat. The hardness of softened bovine bone was still the largest, whereas chicken and rabbit bones were relatively soft. There were no significant differences in the functional groups between nanoscale bone powders. Overall, nanomachining significantly reduced and homogenized the bone particle size and improved the color and release rate of calcium ions of bone powders at the same time; these effects were different for several bones. Nanoscale rabbit bone had higher comminution efficiency, as well as satisfactory nutritional value, color, and product yield, which supports its strong development potential.
Development of an active packaging based on polyethylene containing linalool or thymol for mozzarella cheese
Authors: Chang Shadi , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Baghaie Homa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of active polyethylene film (PE) containing linalool and thymol active components on the microbial shelf life of mozzarella cheese. PE films containing different concentrations of linalool or thymol (0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) were prepared. The antimicrobial properties of the films were examined, and mozzarella cheese was packed with these active films. The antimicrobial properties of packed samples during 30 days of storage were studied. The obtained results from film tests showed that by increasing the concentration of active agents (linalool and thymol) in PE films, the antimicrobial activities of film samples against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, and Saccharomyces cervicea were increased. The cheese tests result demonstrated that mozzarella cheese packaging with PE films containing different concentrations of linalool and thymol leads to a decreased growth rate of molds and yeasts in cheeses. At the end of the storage period, the lowest number of molds and yeasts was for a sample packed in PE film containing 2% thymol, which increased from 1.00 to 1.21 Log CFU/g during the storage period. From E. coli and S. aureus contamination, the samples packed in active films were safe until the last day of storage (30th day), while the control sample was unacceptable at 17th day of storage. According to obtained results from this study, it was concluded that the addition of linalool and thymol active components to PE film had a positive effect on the extension of the mozzarella scheese shelf life.
Regional meteoric water line of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Cejudo Eduardo , Acosta‐González Gilberto , Leal‐Bautista Rosa M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe data set represents the Regional Meteoric Water Line (RMWL) for the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), a region with karstic aquifers but little knowledge of the isotopic composition of meteoric water. This data paper comprises the isotopic composition of meteoric water collected from November 2018 to November 2019 as monthly composite samples expressed as weighted monthly mean precipitation from 16 locations across the Yucatan Peninsula. The RMWL was δ2H = 7.803 δ18O + 12.075, with a slope and intercept suggesting precipitation from air that has undergone condensation, air masses with variable moisture or recycled moisture. The average δ18O is −2.57‰ (−12.23 to 1.2‰) and δ2H is −7.94‰ (−83.39 to 18.32‰). This data set was collected by the implementation of an isotopic monitoring network, gathering information useful as a tool for better understanding of the hydrology and hydrogeochemistry of karstic aquifers, and to develop proxies for paleohydrology, ecohydrology, climate change and paleoclimate studies in the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Caribbean Area.
A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials of physical activity in people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with a comparison to donepezil
Authors: Pisani Sara , Mueller Christoph , Huntley Jonathan , Aarsland Dag , Kempton Matthew J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesPhysical exercise may benefit people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise have shown conflicting findings and it is unclear if positive outcomes are comparable to a commonly used cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil.MethodsEmbase, Medline, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SCOPUS were searched for RCTs of physical activity compared to a control condition, and donepezil compared to placebo in people with AD and MCI. Effect sizes were calculated from pre‐ and post‐MMSE and ADAS‐Cog scores and pooled using a random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsNinteen RCTs were included in the exercise meta‐analysis (AD, N = 524; MCI, N = 1269). Physical exercise improved MMSE scores in AD (Hedges' g = 0.46) and MCI groups (g = 0.63). For the MCI group, exercise appeared to have a stronger effect for those with lower MMSE scores at baseline (p = 0.022). 18 RCTs were included in the donepezil meta‐analysis (AD, N = 2984, MCI, N = 1559). In people with AD, donepezil improved cognition (MMSE g = 0.23; ADAS‐Cog, g = −0.17) but there was no evidence of improved cognition in MCI.ConclusionsPhysical exercise improved cognition in both AD and MCI groups. Where comparisons were possible, the effect size for physical exercise was generally comparable to donepezil. These results strengthen the evidence base for exercise as an effective intervention in AD and MCI, and future clinical trials should examine exercise type, intensity and frequency, in addition to cholinesterase inhibitors to determine the most effective interventions for AD and MCI.
Recurrence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis After Liver Transplant in Children: An International Observational Study
Authors: Martinez Mercedes , Perito Emily R. , Valentino Pamela , Mack Cara L , Aumar Madeleine , Broderick Annemarie , Draijer Laura G. , Fagundes Eleonora D.T. , Furuya Katryn N. , Gupta Nitika , Horslen Simon , Jonas Maureen M. , Kamath Binita M. , Kerkar Nanda , Kim Kyung Mo , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Koot Bart G.P. , Laborda Trevor J. , Lee Christine K. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Miloh Tamir , Mogul Douglas , Mohammed Saeed , Ovchinsky Nadia , Rao Girish , Ricciuto Amanda , Rodrigues Ferreira Alexandre , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Smolka Vratislav , Tanaka Atsushi , Tessier Mary E.M. , Venkat Venna L. , Vitola Bernadette E. , Woynarowski Marek , Zerofsky Melissa , Deneau Mark R. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims
Recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (rPSC) following liver transplant (LT) has a negative impact on graft and patient survival; little is known about risk factors for rPSC or disease course in children.

Approach and Results
We retrospectively evaluated risk factors for rPSC in 140 children from the Pediatric PSC Consortium, a multicenter international registry. Recipients underwent LT for PSC and had >90 days of follow‐up. The primary outcome, rPSC, was defined using Graziadei criteria. Median follow‐up after LT was 3 years (interquartile range 1.1‐6.1). rPSC occurred in 36 children, representing 10% and 27% of the subjects at 2 years and 5 years following LT, respectively. Subjects with rPSC were younger at LT (12.9 vs. 16.2 years), had faster progression from PSC diagnosis to LT (2.5 vs. 4.1 years), and had higher alanine aminotransferase (112 vs. 66 IU/L) at LT (all P < 0.01). Inflammatory bowel disease was more prevalent in the rPSC group (86% vs. 66%; P = 0.025). After LT, rPSC subjects had more episodes of biopsy‐proved acute rejection (mean 3 vs. 1; P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of steroid‐refractory rejection (41% vs. 20%; P = 0.04). In those with rPSC, 43% developed complications of portal hypertension, were relisted for LT, or died within 2 years of the diagnosis. Mortality was higher in the rPSC group (11.1% vs. 2.9%; P = 0.05).

Conclusions
The incidence of rPSC in this cohort was higher than previously reported, and was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patients with rPSC appeared to have a more aggressive, immune‐reactive phenotype. These findings underscore the need to understand the immune mechanisms of rPSC, to lay the foundation for developing new therapies and improve outcomes in this challenging population.
Predicting the risk of infant mortality for newborns operated for congenital heart defects: A population‐based cohort (EPICARD) study of two post‐operative predictive scores
Authors: Lelong Nathalie , Tararbit Karim , Le Page‐Geniller Lise‐Marie , Cohen Jérémie , Kout Souad , Foix‐L'Hélias Laurence , Boileau Pascal , Chalumeau Martin , Goffinet François , Khoshnood Babak ,   the EPICARD Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhereas no global severity score exists for congenital heart defects (CHD), risk (Risk Adjusted Cardiac Heart Surgery‐1: RACHS‐1) and/or complexity (Aristotle Basic Complexity: ABC) scores have been developed for those who undergo surgery. Population‐based studies for assessing the predictive ability of these scores are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the predictive ability of RACHS‐1 and ABC scores for the risk of infant mortality using population‐based cohort (EPICARD) data for newborns with structural CHD.MethodsThe study population comprised 443 newborns who underwent curative surgery. We assessed the predictive ability of each score alone and in conjunction with an a priori selected set of predictors of infant mortality. Statistical analysis included logistic regression models for which we computed model calibration, discrimination (ROC), and a rarely used but clinically meaningful measure of variance explained (Tjur's coefficient of discrimination).ResultsThe risk of mortality increased with increasing RACHS‐1 and the ABC scores and models based on both scores had adequate calibration. Model discrimination was higher for the RACHS‐1‐based model (ROC 0.68, 95% CI, 0.58‐0.79) than the ABC‐based one (ROC 0.59, 95% CI, 0.49‐0.69), P = 0.03. Neither score had the good predictive ability when this was assessed using Tjur's coefficient.ConclusionsEven if the RACHS‐1 score had better predictive ability, both scores had low predictive ability using a variance‐explained measure. Because of this limitation and the fact that neither score can be used for newborns with CHD who do not undergo surgery, it is important to develop new predictive models that comprise all newborns with structural CHD.
The effect of zinc supplementation on fatigue among elderly community dwellers: A parallel clinical trial
Authors: Afzali Abolfazl , Goli Shahrbanoo , Moravveji Alireza , Bagheri Hossein , Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsFatigue is one of the most common complaints of the elderly. This study was conducted to assess the effect of zinc supplements on fatigue among the elderly.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 150 elderly aged ≥60 years who were recruited from the health centers (Kashan, Iran) with a convenience sampling method. Participants were allocated to intervention and control groups by block randomization. Participants in the intervention group received a daily dose of 30 mg of zinc supplement for 70 days; meanwhile, in the control group, no intervention was performed. The level of fatigue was measured by the multidimensional fatigue inventory before and after the intervention. Both groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables, fatigue, and serum zinc level before the intervention. The significance level was considered as 0.05 in all tests.ResultsZinc supplementation significantly reduced fatigue (mean difference: −10.41 vs 1.37, P < .001) and increased serum zinc level (mean difference: 14.22, vs −0.57, P < .001) compared to the control group.ConclusionConsumption of zinc supplements for the elderly is recommended to overcome fatigue.
The information system of the French Peatland Observation Service: Service National d'Observation Tourbières – A valuable tool to assess the impact of global changes on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of temperate peatlands through long term monitoring
Authors: Gogo Sébastien , Paroissien Jean‐Baptiste , Laggoun‐Défarge Fatima , Antoine Jean‐Marc , Bernard‐Jannin Léonard , Bertrand Guillaume , Binet Philippe , Binet Stéphane , Bouger Guillaume , Brossard Yohann , Camboulive Thierry , Caudal Jean‐Pierre , Chevrier Stéphane , Chiapiuso Geneviève , D'Angelo Benoît , Durantez Pilar , Flechard Chris , Francez André‐Jean , Galop Didier , Gandois Laure , Gilbert Daniel , Guimbaud Christophe , Hinault Louis , Jacotot Adrien , Le Moing Franck , Lerigoleur Emilie , Le Roux Gaël , Leroy Fabien , Lhosmot Alexandre , Li Qian , Machado Da Silva Elodie , Moquet Jean‐Sébastien , Mora‐Gomez Juanita , Perdereau Laurent , Rosset Thomas , Toussaint Marie‐Laure 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitigating and adapting to global changes requires a better understanding of the response of the Biosphere to these environmental variations. Human disturbances and their effects act in the long term (decades to centuries) and consequently, a similar time frame is needed to fully understand the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of a natural system. To this end, the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (CNRS) promotes and certifies long‐term monitoring tools called national observation services or ‘Service National d'Observation’ (SNO) in a large range of hydrological and biogeochemical systems (e.g., cryosphere, catchments, aquifers). The SNO investigating peatlands, the SNO ‘Tourbières’, was certified in 2011 (https://www.sno-tourbieres.cnrs.fr/). Peatlands are mostly found in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and French peatlands are located in the southern part of this area. Thus, they are located in environmental conditions that will occur in northern peatlands in coming decades or centuries and can be considered as sentinels. The SNO Tourbières is composed of four peatlands: La Guette (lowland central France), Landemarais (lowland oceanic western France), Frasne (upland continental eastern France) and Bernadouze (upland southern France). Thirty target variables are monitored to study the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of the sites. They are grouped into four datasets: hydrology, fluvial export of organic matter, greenhouse gas fluxes and meteorology/soil physics. The data from all sites follow a common processing chain from the sensors to the public repository. The raw data are stored on an FTP server. After operator or automatic processing, data are stored in a database, from which a web application extracts the data to make them available (https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/). Each year at least, an archive of each dataset is stored in Zenodo, with a digital object identifier (DOI) attribution (https://zenodo.org/communities/sno_tourbieres_data/).
Tailoring the growth and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts by DNA‐based polymer films for skin regeneration
Authors: Jayme Cristiano Ceron , Souza Carla , Fernandes Daniela Silvestrini , Tedesco Antonio Claudio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of DNA as a functional biomaterial for therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug delivery applications has been prominent in recent years, but its use as a scaffold for tissue regeneration is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and interaction of DNA‐based polymeric films (DNA‐PFs) with primary human fibroblasts (PHF) for regenerative medicine and wound healing purposes. The morphological characterization of the films was performed by scanning electron microscopy, SEM–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, oxidative stress, and migration studies were carried out at 48 and 72 hr of incubation and compared to control cells. Cell adhesion was impaired in the first 24 hr, DNA‐PFs with higher concentrations of DNA (1.0 and 2.0 g/L) this effect was not seen in DNA‐PFs (0.5 g/L), explained by the difference in topography and roughness of DNA‐PFs, but it was overcome after 48 hr of incubation. PHF seeded on DNA films showed higher proliferation and migration rates than the control after 48 hr of incubation, with the maintenance of cell morphology and lower cytotoxicity and oxidative stress during the evaluation time. Therefore, these results indicate that DNA‐PFs are highly biocompatible and provide a suitable microenvironment for dermal fibroblasts to maintain their activity, helping build new and more complex biomaterials suitable for future tissue repair applications.
Renting risk and expected stock returns in memory of Simon Benninga
Authors: Taussig Roi D. , Klein Galit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe holy grail of finance researchers and practitioners is to fully understand and explain the behavior of stock returns. The current study offers a new source of risk, which relates to firms' renting expenses. A major topic in finance and economics is whether to rent or own an asset. Specifically, this is interesting for businesses. This study uniquely analyzes a sample of 178,837 US firm‐year observations from 1963 to 2019. This analysis shows that a risk characteristic—the Ratio of Renting expenses To Assets (RORTA)—explains the cross‐section of stock returns. A higher RORTA explains higher expected stock returns. Interestingly, when analyzing only the past decade for robustness, the RORTA is the only characteristic which remains significant when controlling for Size and Book‐to‐Market. That is, Size and Book‐to‐Market are insignificant in the last decade.
Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome‐related components: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jin Ting , Lu Weina , Gong Xiaoqin , Zhou Jiaqiang , Wu Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome (MS) has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies while their correlation remain controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with MS and MS‐related components in the two communities of Hangzhou.MethodsA total of 394 subjects were enrolled in the cross‐sectional study. Four VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) were selected based on human genome sequence databases and genotyped using the MassARRAY Analyzer Compact.ResultsIn lipid profile, the TT genotype of ApaI had a significantly lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia compared with the GG+GT genotypes (recessive model: OR = 0.141; 95% CI = 0.041–0.486; p < 0.01) and the GG genotype (codominant model: OR = 0.155; 95% CI = 0.044–0.545; p < 0.01). The levels of triglyceride (TG) in the TT genotype of ApaI were lower than the GG+GT genotypes (1.29 ± 0.63 vs. 1.78 ± 1.59 mmol/L, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the AA+GA carriers of BsmI had lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) than the GG carriers (1.28 ± 0.29 vs. 1.42 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p < 0.05). The CC+TC carriers of TaqI also suffered from lower HDL‐C compared with the TT carriers (1.27 ± 0.29 vs. 1.42 ± 0.34 mmol/L, p < 0.01). For arterial blood pressure, the CC carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) than the TT+TC carriers (p < 0.01) and the TT carriers of FokI (p < 0.05). However, the FokI polymorphisms were not associated with SBP and the mean blood pressure of both groups laid within the normal range.ConclusionsIn our study, VDR polymorphisms show no association with the MS risk. The present results suggest that the VDR ApaI polymorphism is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and predisposed to developing MS, while the variants of BsmI and TaqI seem to affect HDL‐C. Nevertheless, the effect of FokI variants with SBP is ambiguous.
SLC45A4 promotes glycolysis and prevents AMPK/ULK1‐induced autophagy in TP53 mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Wenying , Huang Fengting , Huang Jing , Li Yuanhua , Peng Juanfei , Zhuang Yanyan , Huang Xianxian , Lu Liting , Zhu Zhe , Zhang Shineng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSomatic mutations of the TP53 gene occur frequently in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Solute carrier family 45 member A4 (SLC45A4) is a H+‐dependent sugar cotransporter. The role of SLC45A4 in PDA, especially in TP53 mutant PDA, remains poorly understood.MethodsWe explored the TCGA datasets to identify oncogenes in TP53 mutant PDA. MTS [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium], colony formation and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (Edu) assays were performed to investigate the function of SLC45A4 in vitro. Glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP production were detected to evaluate glucose utilization. Extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate assays were used to evaluate glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The subcutaneous xenotransplantation models were conducted to explore the function of SLC45A4 in vivo. RNA‐sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis were employed to explore the biological alteration caused by SLC45A4 knockdown. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the activation of glycolysis, as well as the AMPK pathway and autophagy.ResultsSLC45A4 was overexpressed in PDA for which the expression was significantly higher in TP53 mutant PDA than that in wild‐type PDA tissues. Moreover, high level of SLC45A4 expression was tightly associated with poor clinical outcomes in PDA patients. Silencing SLC45A4 inhibited proliferation in TP53 mutant PDA cells. Knockdown of SLC45A4 reduced glucose uptake and ATP production, which led to activation of autophagy via AMPK/ULK1 pathway. Deleting SLC45A4 in TP53 mutant HPAF‐II cells inhibited the growth of xenografts in nude mice.ConclusionsThe present study found that SLC45A4 prevents autophagy via AMPK/ULK1 axis in TP53 mutant PDA, which may be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in TP53 mutant PDA.