bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Method for High‐Speed Fluorination of Metal Oxides by Spark Plasma Sintering Yields Ta3O7F and TaO2F with High Photocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution from Water
Authors: Lange Martin Alexander , Khan Ibrahim , Opitz Phil , Hartmann Jens , Ashraf Muhammad , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Prädel Leon , Panthöfer Martin , Cossmer Antje , Pfeifer Jens , Simon Fabian , von der Au Marcus , Meermann Björn , Mondeshki Mihail , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA general method to carry out the fluorination of metal oxides with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE, Teflon) waste by spark plasma sintering (SPS) on a minute scale with Teflon is reported. The potential of this new approach is highlighted by the following results. i) The tantalum oxyfluorides Ta3O7F and TaO2F are obtained from plastic scrap without using toxic or caustic chemicals for fluorination. ii) Short reaction times (minutes rather than days) reduce the process time the energy costs by almost three orders of magnitude. iii) The oxyfluorides Ta3O7F and TaO2F are produced in gram amounts of nanoparticles. Their synthesis can be upscaled to the kg range with industrial sintering equipment. iv) SPS processing changes the catalytic properties: while conventionally prepared Ta3O7F and TaO2F show little catalytic activity, SPS‐prepared Ta3O7F and TaO2F exhibit high activity for photocatalytic oxygen evolution, reaching photoconversion efficiencies up to 24.7% and applied bias to photoconversion values of 0.86%. This study shows that the materials properties are dictated by the processing which poses new challenges to understand and predict the underlying factors.
Reducing Passive Drug Diffusion from Electrophoretic Drug Delivery Devices through Co‐Ion Engineering
Authors: Chen Shao‐Tuan , Renny Megan N. , C. Tomé Liliana , Olmedo‐Martínez Jorge L. , Udabe Esther , Jenkins Elise P. W. , Mecerreyes David , Malliaras George G. , McLeod Robert R. , Proctor Christopher M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImplantable electrophoretic drug delivery devices have shown promise for applications ranging from treating pathologies such as epilepsy and cancer to regulating plant physiology. Upon applying a voltage, the devices electrophoretically transport charged drug molecules across an ion‐conducting membrane out to the local implanted area. This solvent‐flow‐free “dry” delivery enables controlled drug release with minimal pressure increase at the outlet. However, a major challenge these devices face is limiting drug leakage in their idle state. Here, a method of reducing passive drug leakage through the choice of the drug co‐ion is presented. By switching acetylcholine's associated co‐ion from chloride to carboxylate co‐ions as well as sulfopropyl acrylate‐based polyanions, steady‐state drug leakage rate is reduced up to sevenfold with minimal effect on the active drug delivery rate. Numerical simulations further illustrate the potential of this method and offer guidance for new material systems to suppress passive drug leakage in electrophoretic drug delivery devices.
Cost–benefit analysis of China's farming system
Authors: Suo Xinhao , Cao Shixiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn addition to providing food, farming systems provide ecosystem services such as flood control, water quality control, carbon storage, and waste treatment, as well as cultural services such as scenic beauty, education, recreation, and tourism. However, the value of these services may conceal large costs that have been ignored by scholars. In this study, our goals were to perform a more complete cost–benefit analysis of farmland than has been done in previous research, thereby providing an improved estimate of the net benefits of that land use, and to explore the variation in the net benefits among regions. We used a novel method of quantifying costs and benefits that accounts for more of the associated costs than in previous research, and used China as an example. The annual net benefits of farmland totaled 11.8×1012 RMB (Renminbi: 1 RMB = US$0.15) in 2017, which amounts to 35.3% of the total national net benefit. However, due to the adverse effects of pesticide pollution and biodiversity reduction, agriculture has a potentially negative impact on sustainable development. The annual cost of farmland in China was 5.0×1012 RMB, which decreased the total benefit by 29.8%, and the annual cost of ecological protection was 1.1×1012 RMB. These results demonstrate the importance of a complete assessment of the costs and benefits of farmland to support more sustainable and economically efficient land‐use planning. This will both improve the benefits and support sustainable development of farmland, while also improving the enthusiasm of farmers for their occupation.
Consecutive Nucleation and Confinement Modulation towards Li Plating in Seeded Capsules for Durable Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Minsong , Yao Zhenguo , Yang Qifan , Li Chilin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA dual modulation strategy of consecutive nucleation and confined growth of Li metal is proposed by using the metal–organic framework (MOF) derivative hollow capsule with inbuilt lithiophilic Au or Co‐O nanoparticle (NP) seeds as heterogeneous host. The seeding‐induced nucleation enables the negligible overpotential and promotes the inward injection of Li mass into the abundant cavities in host, followed by the conformal plating of Li on the outer surface of host during discharging. This modulation alleviates the dendrite growth and volume expansion of Li plating. The interconnected porous host network enables enhancement of cycling and rate performances of Li metal (a lifespan over 1200 h for Au‐seeding symmetric cells, and an endurance of 220 cycles under an ultrahigh current density of 10 mA cm−2 for corresponding asymmetric cells). The hollow capsules integrated with lithiophilic seeds solve the deformation problem of Li metal for durable and long‐life Li‐metal batteries.
Ultrasmall Copper (I) Sulfide Nanoparticles Prevent Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Guo Xiao , Sun Maozhong , Gao Rui , Qu Aihua , Chen Chen , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a severe threat to public health and social development. Here, we synthesized 4±0.5 nm copper (I) sulfide (Cu2S) nanoparticles (NPs) with 46 mdeg chiroptical property at 530 nm to selectively cleavage HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and effectively blocked HBV assembly and prevented HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo under light at 808 nm. Experimental analysis showed that the chiral Cu2S NPs specific bound with the functional domain from phenylalanine23 (F23) to leucine30 (L30) from HBcAg primary sequence and the cutting site was between amino acid residues F24 and proline25 (P25). Under excitation at 808 nm, the intracellular HBcAg concentration was reduced by 95 %, and in HBV transgenic mice, the levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA were decreased by 93 % and 86 %, respectively. Together, these results reveal the potential nanomedicine for HBV control and provide fresh tools for viral infection.
Surface energy evaluation of casting and nanofiber polyurethane films by using different models
Authors: Gradinaru Luiza Madalina , Barbalata‐Mandru Mihaela , Vlad Stelian , Petrescu Mioara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe components of the surface free energy (SFE) were determined from static contact angle measurements of five liquids using different methods. The two manufacturing techniques (casting and electrospinning) applied to obtain polyurethane (PU) membranes give surfaces with different wetting properties. The SFE data varied and were strongly dependent on calculations methods and liquids that were used for contact angle measurements. As a whole, the SFE of electrospun PU membrane (PU‐N) (~24 mN/m) was slightly higher than that of casting PU membrane (PU‐F) (~18 mN/m) with similar chemical compositions. The overall increase in the value of SFE is mainly due to the microstructures with increased surface area and modulations of nanofibers. The results evidence the impact of the PU membrane preparation on the properties of the biomaterial surface. Such structure–properties–function relationship is necessary to lay the groundwork for establishing a set of design criteria to guide the fabrication of synthetic materials.
Enhancing Anatomical Instruction: Impact of a Virtual Canine Anatomy Program on Student Outcomes
Authors: Linton Andrea , Garrett Andrew C. , Ivie Kenneth R. , Jones Jay D. , Martin Jason F. , Delcambre Jeremy J. , Magee Christianne 
Published: April 2021

Innovative reforms in medical education will require instructional tools to support these changes and to give students more flexibility in where and how they learn. At Colorado State University, the software program Virtual Canine Anatomy (VCA) was developed to assist student learning both inside and outside the anatomical laboratory. The program includes interactive anatomical photographs of dissected canine cadavers, dissection instructions with accompanying videos and diagrams, radiographs, and three‐dimensional models. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional tools like VCA so that decisions on pedagogical delivery can be evidence‐based. To measure the impact of VCA on student outcomes in a dissection laboratory, this study compared student attitudes, quiz scores, dissection quality and accuracy, and instructor reliance between students with and without access to VCA. Students with VCA needed less time with teaching assistants (P < 0.01), asked teaching assistants fewer questions (P = 0.04), felt that the dissection was easier (P = 0.02), and were in stronger agreement that they had access to adequate resources (P = 0.02). No differences were found in the dissection quality or accuracy, quiz scores, or attitudes regarding overall enjoyment of the activity between the two groups. This study shows that VCA increases student independence and can be used to enhance anatomical instruction.
Bioreactor production of rVSV‐based vectors in Vero cell suspension cultures
Authors: Kiesslich Sascha , Kim Gyoung N. , Shen Chun F. , Kang C. Yong , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Vero cell line is the most used continuous cell line in viral vaccine manufacturing. This adherent cell culture platform requires the use of surfaces to support cell growth, typically roller bottles, or microcarriers. We have recently compared the production of rVSV‐ZEBOV on Vero cells between microcarrier and fixed‐bed bioreactors. However, suspension cultures are considered superior with regard to process scalability. Therefore, we further explore the Vero suspension system for recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)‐vectored vaccine production. Previously, this suspension cell line was only able to be cultivated in a proprietary medium. Here, we expand the adaptation and bioreactor cultivation to a serum‐free commercial medium. Following small‐scale optimization and screening studies, we demonstrate bioreactor productions of highly relevant vaccines and vaccine candidates against Ebola virus disease, HIV, and coronavirus disease 2019 in the Vero suspension system. rVSV‐ZEBOV, rVSV‐HIV, and rVSVInd‐msp‐SF‐Gtc can replicate to high titers in the bioreactor, reaching 3.87 × 107 TCID50/ml, 2.12 × 107 TCID50/ml, and 3.59 × 109 TCID50/ml, respectively. Furthermore, we compare cell‐specific productivities, and the quality of the produced viruses by determining the ratio of total viral particles to infectious viral particles.
Evidence‐based arterial access site practice in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Has SAFARI‐STEMI changed the landscape?
Authors: Nagaraja Vinayak , Rao Sunil V. , George Sudhakar , Mamas Mamas , Nolan James 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Access site practice in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been extensively investigated with the data favoring a radial approach.
SAFARI‐STEMI does not change the recommendation to use radial access in most patients due to methodological issues with the study.
Barriers to widespread adoption of radial access can be overcome by education, training, and mentorship.
It is important that operators are proficient in selective use of optimal alternative access techniques for some ACS patients.
Large Scale Synthesis of Three‐dimensional Hierarchical Porous Framework with High Conductivity and its Application in Lithium Sulfur Battery
Authors: Wang Xu‐Ri , Wang Xiao , Xu Xu‐Peng , Wu Ya‐Qin , Lei Wei‐Xin , Zou You‐Lan , Ma Zeng‐Sheng , Pan Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuick capacity loss due to the polysulfide shuttle effects and poor rate performance caused by low conductivity of sulfur have always been obstacles to the commercial application of lithium sulfur batteries. Herein, an in‐situ doped hierarchical porous biochar materials with high electron‐ion conductivity and adjustable three‐dimensional (3D) macro‐meso‐micropore is prepared successfully. Due to its unique physical structure, the resulting material has a specific surface area of 2124.9 m2 g−1and a cumulative pore volume of 1.19 cm3 g−1. The presence of micropores can effectively physically adsorb polysulfides and mesopores ensure the accessibility of lithium ions and active sites and give the porous carbon material a high specific surface area. The large pores provide channels for the storage of electrolyte and the transmission of ions on the surface of the substrate. The combined effect of these three kinds of pores and the N doping formed in‐situ can effectively promote the cycle and rate performance of the battery. Therefore, prepared cathode can still reach a reversible discharge capacity of 616 mAh g−1at a rate of 5 C. After 400 charge–discharge cycles at 1 C, the reversible capacity is maintained at 510.0 mAh g−1. This new strategy has provided a new approach to the research and industrial‐scale production of adjustable hierarchical porous biochar materials.
Facile Access to Uranium and Thorium Phosphaethynolate Complexes Supported by Tren: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Yu Jipan , Liu Kang , Wu Qunyan , Li Bin , Kong Xianghe , Hu Kongqiu , Mei Lei , Yuan Liyong , Chai Zhifang , Shi Weiqun 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe issue of covalence of actinide complexes remains controversial to date. The introduction of 2‐phosphaethynolate anion into actinide complexes is expected to investigate the reaction mode and the bonding property. Herein, we describe the functionalization of An(TrenTIPS)Cl (1: An = U; 2: An = Th) precursors with NaOCP(dioxane)2.5through salt‐elimination method leading to the formation of the corresponding uranium and thorium phosphaethynolate species: [U(TrenTIPS)(OCP)] (3) and [Th(TrenTIPS)(OCP)] (4). These two complexes were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT‐IR spectrum, UV‐vis‐NIR spectroscopies as well as X‐ray crystal diffraction. Computational analyses of the two complexes reveal that the U—O bond has a more covalent bond property than the Th—O bond due to more 5f orbital contribution for U.
How narrative source impacts convergence of ratings from the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global Rating Method with psychotherapy process measures
Authors: Slavin‐Mulford Jenelle M. , Amerson Luke R. , Cain Lylli A. , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Wilcox Melanie M. , Stein Michelle B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the construct validity of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale–Global Rating Method (SCORS‐G; Westen, 1995; see also Stein & Mulford, 2018) by exploring the degree of convergence across different narrative sources (i.e., early memories [EM] and psychotherapy narratives [PT]) in relation to patient‐ and therapist‐rated psychotherapy process measures. Using a university‐based outpatient sample (n = 81), we found limited convergence for SCORS‐G ratings across narrative type. First, paired t tests showed that the means for six of the eight SCORS‐G dimensions differed significantly between the EM and PT narratives with the majority having a large magnitude of effect. Moreover, despite 29 significant correlations between a SCORS‐G dimension and either an alliance or session quality variable, only two of the eight SCORS‐G dimensions significantly correlated with the same process variable across narrative type (e.g., patient‐rated session depth with SCORS‐G Self Esteem [SE] and Identity and Coherence of Self [ICS]). Importantly, the high degree of theoretical coherence in the associations that emerged between the SCORS‐G dimensions and the process variables suggest that the lack of convergence was not due to limited validity of the SCORS‐G. Instead, the results underscore the importance of multi‐method assessment techniques by highlighting that the manner in which a narrative is elicited will impact the object relational content patients provide. Future research and clinical implications related to the SCORS‐G, alliance and psychotherapy process are discussed.
Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen
Authors: Kovač Peić Anamarija , Šrajer Gajdošik Martina , Brilliant Kate , Callanan Helen , Hixson Douglas C. , Begić Marija , Josić Djuro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP‐treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post‐translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha‐1‐macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP‐treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug‐induced liver injury.
Oral supplementation with fish cartilage hydrolysate accelerates joint function recovery in rat model of traumatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Henrotin Yves , Antoine Christophe , Zwerts Elodie , Neutelings Thibaut , Bouvret Elodie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral fish cartilage hydrolysate (FCH) on symptoms and joint tissue structure in rat developing osteoarthritis induced surgically. Osteoarthritis was induced in the right knee of mature male Lewis rats (n = 12/group) by surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) combined with partial medial meniscectomy (pMMx). Two weeks after surgery, rats were treated orally with either control (sterile H2O) or FCH for four weeks. Pain and function were assessed by dynamic weight‐bearing test (incapacitance test), electronic Von Frey (EVF; hindpaw allodynia threshold), and pressure algometer (knee allodynia threshold). Time and groups differences at each time point were evaluated using a mixed model. The histological features were evaluated eight weeks after surgery using OARSI score. Mann–Whitney test nonparametric test was applied to compare OARSI score. ACTL/pMMx surgery significantly reduced weight‐bearing and increased allodynia and sensitivity thresholds of the operated paw/knee. Globally, FCH improved these parameters faster, but no significant difference between control and FCH groups was observed. Eight weeks after surgery, rats developed moderate OA lesions. Compared with control, FCH did not significantly modify OA lesion severity assessed using the OARSI score. In this mechanically induced OA model, 4 weeks of supplementation with FCH had no significant effect on cartilage lesion, but tends to accelerate pain relief and joint function recovery. This positive trend may have opened the way for further investigation of FCH as potential treatment of joint discomfort associated with OA.
Female fertility preservation: Impact of cancer on ovarian function and oocyte quality
Authors: Fabiani Cristina , Ferrante Maria Giulia , Meneghini Caterina , Licata Emanuele , Paciotti Gemma , Gallo Mariagrazia , Schiavi Michele , Spina Vincenzo , Guarino Antonella , Caserta Donatella , Rago Rocco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of cancer on ovarian response and oocyte quality in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).MethodsThis prospective study conducted at the Physiopathology of Reproduction and Andrology Unit of Sandro Pertini Hospital enrolled 82 cancer patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) cycles for fertility preservation, and age‐ and date‐matched controls undergoing COH for in vitro fertilization for male‐factor infertility from June 2016 to November 2019. The interventions performed were COH, oocyte retrieval, and quality evaluation. Main outcome measures were maximal estradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration, duration of stimulation, total amount of gonadotropins administered, number of oocytes retrieved, and rates of metaphase 2 oocytes and abnormal oocytes. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) 22.0.ResultsIntergroup comparisons (82 cancer patients and 180 patients in control group) showed a significant difference in ovarian response, especially for a significant higher number of abnormal oocytes in cancer patients (P < 0.0001). Regression analysis to assess the influence of the neoplastic process, regardless of the type, on ovarian response showed an effect on the main outcome measured due to cancer itself.ConclusionCancer influences the ovarian response, particularly the oocyte quality, during COH performed for fertility preservation.