bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preliminary Study of Nursing Practice Patterns Concerning Dysphagia Diet Modification: Implications for Interprofessional Education With SLPs
Authors: Gurevich Naomi , Osmelak Danielle R. , Osentoski Sydney 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are trained to evaluate and treat dysphagia. One treatment method is to modify diet consistency or viscosity to compensate for swallowing dysfunction and promote a safer intake; this typically involves softening solids and thickening liquids. Thickening liquids is not safer for all patients, and modification of dysphagia diets without adequate training may reduce the quality of dysphagia patient care. Over 90% of SLPs working in health care report exposure to nurses who regularly downgrade dysphagia diets without an SLP consult. This study explores dysphagia diet modification practices of nursing staff with and without dysphagia training.

Method

Practicing nurses and student nurses (
N
= 298) in the United States were surveyed regarding their dysphagia diet modification training and practice patterns. Additionally, a pre-/posttest design was used to determine the efficacy of a short general tutorial on willingness to modify diets without an SLP consult.

Results
Downgrading diets without an SLP consult is a common practice. Fewer than one third of nurses (31.41%) would avoid it, whereas 73.65% would avoid upgrading without SLP consult. Formal dysphagia training made little difference to this practice. The short general tutorial also had no beneficial effect, in fact slightly reducing the willingness to consult SLPs.

Conclusions
Dysphagia diet modification practice by nurses is pervasive in U.S. health care. This is a previously unexplored but common issue SLPs face in work settings. This study identifies a need to clarify guidelines and increase interprofessional education between both professions to improve patient care.
Stabilization of hybrid systems by intermittent feedback controls based on discrete‐time observations with a time delay
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Hu Liangjian , Lu Jianqiu , Mao Wei , Mao Xuerong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper mainly investigates stabilization of hybrid stochastic differential equations (SDEs) via periodically intermittent feedback controls based on discrete‐time state observations with a time delay. First, by using the theory of M‐matrix and intermittent control strategy, we establish sufficient conditions for the stability of hybrid SDEs. Then, we prove the intermittent stabilization for a given unstable nonlinear hybrid SDE by comparison theorem. Two numerical examples are discussed to support our results of theoretical analysis.
Triple-frequency meteor radar full wave scattering
Authors: Stober G. , Brown P. , Campbell-Brown M. , Weryk R. J. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Radar scattering from meteor trails depends on several poorly constrained quantities, such as electron line density, q, initial trail radius, r0, and ambipolar diffusion coefficient, D.
Aims. The goal is to apply a numerical model of full wave backscatter to triple frequency echo measurements to validate theory and constrain estimates of electron radial distribution, initial trail radius, and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient.
Methods. A selection of 50 transversely polarized and 50 parallel polarized echoes with complete trajectory information were identified from simultaneous tri-frequency echoes recorded by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar. The amplitude-time profile of each echo was fit to our model using three different choices for the radial electron distribution assuming a Gaussian, parabolic-exponential, and 1-by-r2 electron line density model. The observations were manually fit by varying, q, r0, and D per model until all three synthetic echo-amplitude profiles at each frequency matched observation.
Results. The Gaussian radial electron distribution was the most successful at fitting echo power profiles, followed by the 1∕r2. We were unable to fit any echoes using a profile where electron density varied from the trail axis as an exponential-parabolic distribution. While fewer than 5% of all examined echoes had self-consistent fits, the estimates of r0 and D as a function of height obtained were broadly similar to earlier studies, though with considerable scatter. Most meteor echoes are found to not be described well by the idealized full wave scattering model.
Ethnic Disparities in Thrombotic and Bleeding Diatheses Revisited: A Systematic Review of Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction across the East and West
Authors: Bene Nicholas C. , Minasian Raquel A. , Khan Saiqa I. , Desjardins Haley E. , Guo Lifei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Ethnicity has been shown to play a role in disparate coagulative responses between East Asian and Caucasian patients undergoing nonmicrovascular surgery. In this study, we sought to further investigate this hematologic phenomenon between the two ethnic groups within the field of microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Methods A systematic review examining the reported incidence of microvascular thrombosis and all-site bleeding among breast free flaps in East Asians and Westerners was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.
Results Ten East Asian studies with 581 flaps and 99 Western studies with 30,767 flaps were included. A statistically significant higher rate of thrombotic complications was found in Westerners compared with East Asians (4.2 vs. 2.2%, p = 0.02). Conversely, bleeding events were more common in East Asians compared with Westerners (2.6 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.002).
Conclusion There appears to be an ethnicity-based propensity for thrombosis in Westerners and, conversely, for bleeding in East Asians, as evident by the current systematic review of microvascular breast reconstruction data. It is therefore advisable to consider ethnicity in the comprehensive evaluation of patients undergoing microsurgical procedures.
Is Hematopoietic Clonality of Indetermined Potential a Risk Factor for Pulmonary Embolism?
Authors: Jedraszak G. , Soudet S. , Evrard O. , Marolleau J.P. , Garcon L. , Pietri M.A. Sevestre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Unprovoked pulmonary embolism (uPE) is a severe and frequent condition. Identification of new risk factors is mandatory to identify patients that would benefit from a long-term treatment. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined by the acquisition of somatic mutations that drive clonal expansion in the absence of cytopenia. Its prevalence is estimated of 5% in the population above 65 years. Since inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may share a pathophysiological pathway(1), we hypothesized that CHIP, may be a risk factor for uPE.Methods We conducted a pilot retrospective observational study. Patients with iPE between 18 to 65 years old were included. PE was considered as unprovoked, when no transient nor persistant risk factor was present and when thrombophilia testing was negative. We excluded documented atherosclerosis, personal or familial history of VTE and presence of cytopenias. CHIP proportion in uPE patients were analyzed using next generation sequencing of the coding sequence of a custom panel composed by DNMT3A, ASXL1, SF3B1, TET2 and TP 53.Results Upon 61 patients with uPE consecutively included, a total of 19 somatic mutations were found in 12 patients (20%) IC95% [10 - 20]. 15 mutations were found in DNMT3A gene, 3 in ASXL1 and one in TET2. There was no diference in terms of age, PE location, DVT presence and risk stratification in CHIP carriers and non carriers.Conclusion We report for the first time, the presence of high rates of CHIP in patients presenting with uPE. Thus, CHIP may be a new risk factor for VTE. These results need to be confirmed in an ongoing prospective case-control study including more patients and using a more diverse gene panel to better determine CHIP incidence in uPE.
Distribution of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein H Genotypes in Different Samples from Chinese Children
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Lu-Yan , Tao Ran , Shang Shi-Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate characteristics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein H (gH) genotypes in urine, throat swab, and serum from children and breast milk from children's mothers.
Methods Fresh urine samples, throat swabs, or serum samples from children and breast milk samples from children's mothers were collected for HCMV DNA detection. The positive samples of HCMV DNA were further detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gH typing.
Results Of 1,703 HCMV DNA-positive samples, the highest proportion (83.3%, 85/102) of children aged between 21 days and 3 months was detected positive in breast milk samples (p = 0.002), and the highest proportion (70.5%, 110/156) of children aged above 3 months was detected positive in throat swab samples (p = 0.002). HCMV in throat swab specimens is mainly high copy (p < 0.0001), and low-copy HCMV is prevalent in breast specimens (p < 0.0001). Among them, 1,059 samples were identified as gH1 genotype, 530 samples were gH2, and 114 samples were coinfection (gH1/2). There had the highest gH2 rates (32.3%) and lowest gH1 (61.0%) rates in urine samples (p = 0.041), whereas the highest gH1 rates (71.6%) and lowest gH2 rates (19.6%) were found in breast milk samples (p = 0.032). Concerning age groups, patients aged between 21 days and 3 months had the highest gH1 proportion (p = 0.017), while patients aged above 3 months had the highest gH1 and gH2 HCMV coinfection proportion (p = 0.002). Among 43 pairs of maternal and child samples corresponding to positive samples, gH genotype of 35 pairs of samples was consistent with a rate of 81.4%.
Conclusion gH1 is the predominant genotype of HCMV in each kind of sample in China. However, the distribution of the HCMV gH genotype is different among different samples.
Postoperative Complications Associated with the Choice of Reconstruction in Head and Neck Cancer: An Outcome Analysis of 4,712 Patients from the ACS-NSQIP Database
Authors: Katsnelson Jacob Y. , Tyrell Richard , Karadsheh Murad J. , Manstein Ely , Egleston Brian , Deng Mengying , Baltodano Pablo A. , Shafqat M. Shuja , Patel Sameer A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Microsurgical free flaps have largely supplanted pedicled flaps as the gold standard for head and neck cancer reconstruction. However, incidence of postoperative complications after accounting for patient comorbidities based on choice of reconstruction has not been well-defined in the literature in recent years.
Methods Patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction were identified in the 2011–2016 ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database and stratified into groups by free flap, myocutaneous pedicled flap, and other reconstruction. Demographics were analyzed and covariates balanced using overlap propensity score-based weighting. Logistic regression was used for binary outcomes and Gamma generalized linear model was used for length of stay.
Results A total of 4,712 patients met inclusion criteria out of which 1,297 patients (28%) underwent free flap, 208 patients (4%) pedicled flap, and 3,207 patients (68%) had other, or no reconstruction performed. After adjusting for patient and disease-specific factors, pedicled flap reconstruction was associated with a higher risk of deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.64, confidence interval [CI] 1.02–6.85, p = 0.045), sepsis (OR = 2.95, CI 1.52–5.71, p = 0.001), and infection (OR = 2.03, CI 1.39–2.96, p <0.001) compared with free flap reconstruction. Free flaps had the longest mean operative time compared with the other two groups (unadjusted 578 vs. 440 vs. 326, p <0.001). Pedicled flaps had a lower incidence of bleeding requiring transfusion (adjusted OR = 0.65, CI 0.50–0.85, p = 0.002), and lower incidence of prolonged mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR = 0.33, CI 0.12–0.92, p = 0.034) compared with free flaps. There was no difference in rates of reoperation, hospital readmission, or hospital length-of-stay between pedicled and free flaps.
Conclusion Myocutaneous pedicled flaps are associated with higher overall short-term postoperative complications compared with free flaps in head and neck reconstruction, which demonstrate a more favorable morbidity profile without significantly impacting hospital readmission, reoperation, or length-of-stay.
Atypical Case of Early-Onset Shapiro Syndrome: Diagnostic Approach and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Monjaras-Romo Alejandro , Villarreal Enrique G. , Diaz-Arizpe Oscar , Vazquez-Mena Jesus , Lozano-Lee Francisco , Tambasco Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShapiro syndrome (SS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of spontaneous periodic hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, and corpus callosum agenesis (CCA). Less than 80 cases have been reported so far. Its etiology and pathophysiology, however, are still unclear. In his original publication, Shapiro et al attributed these signs to dysregulation of encephalic pathways secondary to CCA. Nevertheless, since the syndrome was originally described, 19 patients have been reported with an intact corpus callosum, considering it a variant of the condition. In this article, we report the clinical outcome of a 20-month-old girl with SS without evidence of CCA, presenting an atypical onset in which sleep abnormalities were the most prominent complaints, with the classical episodic manifestations appearing afterward; the patient exhibited an optimal response to management with oxcarbazepine. To our understanding, this is fourth-youngest case ever reported of this SS variant, and the first to present sleep disturbances as the most prominent complaint.
Chloride Reduction Therapy with Furosemide: Short-Term Effects in Children with Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Nozawa Hisataka , Tsuboi Norihiko , Oi Tadashi , Takezawa Yoshiki , Osawa Ichiro , Nishimura Nao , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrom the perspective of the Stewart approach, it is known that expansion of the sodium chloride ion difference (SCD) induces alkalosis. We investigated the role of SCD expansion by furosemide-induced chloride reduction in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure. We included patients admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit intubated for acute respiratory failure without underlying diseases, and excluded patients receiving extracorporeal circulation therapy (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or renal replacement therapy). We classified eligible patients into the following two groups: case—those intubated who received furosemide within 24 hours, and control—those intubated who did not receive furosemide within 48 hours. Primary outcomes included SCD, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), and pH results from arterial blood gas samples obtained over 48 hours following intubation. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to evaluate the effects of SCD and PaCO2 changes on pH. Twenty-six patients were included of which 13 patients were assigned to each of the two groups. A total of 215 gas samples were analyzed. SCD (median [mEq/L] [interquartile range]) 48 hours after intubation significantly increased in the case group compared with the control group (37 [33–38] vs. 31 [30–34]; p = 0.005). Although hypercapnia persisted in the case group, the pH (median [interquartile range]) remained unchanged in both groups (7.454 [7.420–7.467] vs. 7.425 [7.421–7.436]; p = 0.089). SCD and PaCO2 were independently associated with pH (p < 0.001 for each regression coefficient). As a result, we provide evidence that SCD expansion with furosemide may be useful in maintaining pH within the normal range in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure complicated by concurrent metabolic acidosis.
School-Age Outcome of Fetuses with Isolated Complete Septum Pellucidum Agenesis at Prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Righini Andrea , Izzo Giana , Doneda Chiara , Scelsa Barbara , Parazzini Cecilia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To the best of our knowledge, there have not been studies to address the issue of long-term follow-up of patients with prenatal diagnosis of isolated complete septum pellucidum agenesis (SPA). The aim of this study was to acquire information about the school-age outcome of such patients as a resource for counseling parents receiving this prenatal finding.
Methods From a large fetal magnetic resonance (MR) database, we selected only those cases with isolated complete SPA as confirmed by two senior pediatric neuroradiologists in consensus; we then gathered information from the parents of those children who had reached the school age.
Results None among the 12 cases (mean age at follow-up: 8.7 years, range: 6–13 year) of the resulting final cohort presented visual or stature deficits; only one required special teaching assistance in school. All other 11 children resulted without any notable academic issue.
Conclusion Our report may provide information of practical value about the school-age outcome of fetuses detected by prenatal MR imaging to carry isolated complete SPA.
A microwell array-based approach for studying single nanoparticle catalysis with high turnover frequency
Authors: Gao Jia , Su Hua , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2021

Measuring the catalytical activities of single catalysts in the case of high turnover frequency (TOF, realistic conditions) is highly desirable to accurately evaluate the functional heterogeneities among individuals and to understand the catalytic mechanism. Herein, we report a microwell array-based method to in operando measure the photocatalytic kinetics of single CdS nanoparticles (NPs) with high TOF. This was realized by sealing individual CdS NPs into separated micrometer-sized polydimethylsiloxane wells, thus eliminating the diffusion of products among individuals in the case of high concentration of reactants. This method allowed us to monitor the activities of single catalysts with an average TOF up to 2.1 × 105 s−1. Interestingly, two types of catalytical behaviors were revealed during single CdS photocatalysis: a rapid decline in activity for most CdS NPs and an initial increase in activity followed by a decrease for a minor population of individuals. The developed method will facilitate the investigation of catalytic activities of single particles under realistic conditions and hold great potential in the fields of photo/electro-catalysts, enzymes, functional bacteria, and so on.
Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field: Evidence for a Mid-Paleozoic dipole low
Authors: Hawkins Louise M. A. , Grappone J. Michael , Sprain Courtney J. , Saengduean Patipan , Sage Edward J. , Thomas-Cunningham Sheikerra , Kugabalan Banusha , Biggin Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Variations in past geomagnetic field strength are important indicators of variation in deep Earth processes over hundreds of millions of years. Most other geophysical methods only provide a snapshot of the Earth’s recent interior, and deep Earth materials are poorly represented in the geological record. Recent measurements from Scotland (Northern United Kingdom), in addition to the existing datasets, show the field was relatively weak (less than half the strength of the long-term average field) for tens of millions of years between 332 and 416 Ma. The similarities between this and a later period of low field strength provide further evidence for a ∼200-My cycle linked to deep Earth processes.
Parallel hippocampal-parietal circuits for self- and goal-oriented processing
Authors: Zheng Annie , Montez David F. , Marek Scott , Gilmore Adrian W. , Newbold Dillan J. , Laumann Timothy O. , Kay Benjamin P. , Seider Nicole A. , Van Andrew N. , Hampton Jacqueline M. , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Sylvester Chad M. , Greene Deanna J. , Shimony Joshua S. , Nelson Steven M. , Wig Gagan S. , Gratton Caterina , McDermott Kathleen B. , Raichle Marcus E. , Gordon Evan M. , Dosenbach Nico U. F. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The finding that human hippocampal-cortical functional connectivity is nonunitary, separated along functional network borders (default mode network [DMN], self-oriented; parietal memory network [PMN], goal-oriented) in the anterior–posterior axis, raises various possibilities as to why this organization might be beneficial and could inform updates to current models of human hippocampal function, memory, and the self.
Salience and shift in salience as means of creating discourse coherence
Authors: Hannß Katja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Chipaya language, an endangered isolate of the Bolivian highlands, has a set of three enclitics, =l, =mand =ʐ, which are coreferential with the subject of a clause but are not necessarily attached to it and are not obligatory. In this paper, I investigate the pragmatic function of these forms. The salience-marking enclitics (henceforth SMEs) occur at paratactic and hypotactic discourse transitions, where they indicate a shift in salience, thereby contributing to creating discourse coherence. Discourse transitions without a shift in salience are not accompanied by the enclitics. Those enclitics that occur at paratactic transitions have scope over at least the segment whose beginning and/or end they occur in, whereas SMEs at hypotactic transitions have scope over the clause they appear in. Use of the SMEs is genre-specific.
(Dis-)Empowerment in context: a proto-evaluative perspective on welfare reform agendas and their impact, North-West and South
Authors: Bode Ingo , Moro Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This article, inspired by the epistemology of critical realism and its approach to assessing social and institutional change, elaborates on the impact of past welfare reform agendas in Europe, taking Italy and Germany as examples. Reading welfare state change through the lens of the concept of empowerment, it argues that such agendas should be studied by considering the nexus of different (coinciding) policies, the transformation of organisational settlements, and the reforms’ fit with encultured social expectations. Illustrating how a reform agenda containing a potential to enhance self-determination in the area of work and family life may simultaneously contribute to disempowerment, the article shows how a multidimensional ‘proto-evaluative’ endeavour may help develop a more holistic understanding of past welfare state change up to the outbreak of the Corona19 pandemic.
A pendulum with a broken cylindrical symmetry: normal modes and beats
Authors: Dolfo Gilles , Vigué Jacques 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A pendulum, which has the cylindrical symmetry around its suspension wire, has two degenerate normal modes. We break this symmetry by putting a small magnet in the pendulum body and by running the pendulum in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The force due to the magnetic field gradient modifies the equilibrium position and the spatial derivatives of this force define the normal modes of the pendulum with two different oscillation frequencies. We describe this system theoretically and we test these results by a series of experiments. This system provides a classical analogue of the degenerate perturbation theory in quantum mechanics.