bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Differences in Types of Myocardial Infarctions Among People Aging With HIV
Authors: Crane Heidi M. , Nance Robin M. , Whitney Bridget M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Budoff Matthew , High Kevin , Landay Alan , Feinstein Matthew , Moore Richard D. , Mathews William Christopher , Christopoulos Katerina , Saag Michael S. , Willig Amanda , Eron Joseph J. , Kitahata Mari M. , Delaney Joseph A. C. ,   for the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Clinical Information Systems
Published: January 2021

Background:
Type 1 myocardial infarctions (T1MIs) result from atherosclerotic plaque instability, rupture, and/or erosion. Type 2 MIs (T2MIs) are secondary to causes such as sepsis and cocaine-induced vasospasm resulting in an oxygen demand–supply mismatch and are associated with higher mortality than T1MIs. T2MIs account for a higher proportion of MIs among people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with the general population. We compared MI rates by type among aging PLWH. We hypothesized that increases in MI rates with older age would differ by MI types, and T2MIs would be more common than T1MIs in younger individuals.

Methods:
Potential MIs from 6 sites were centrally adjudicated using physician notes, electrocardiograms, procedure results, and laboratory results. Reviewers categorized MIs by type and identified causes of T2MIs. We calculated T1MI and T2MI incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios were calculated for T2MI vs. T1MI rates per decade of age.

Results:
We included 462 T1MIs (52%) and 413 T2MIs (48%). T1MI rates increased with older age, although T1MIs occurred in all age decades including young adults. T2MI rates were significantly higher than T1MI rates for PLWH younger than 40 years. T1MI rates were similar or higher than T2MI rates among those older than 40 years (significantly higher for those aged 50–59 and 60–69 years).

Conclusions:
Rates of T2MIs were higher than T1MIs until age 40 years among PLWH, differing from the general population, but rates of both were high among older PLWH. Given prognostic differences between MI types, these results highlight the importance of differentiating MI types among PLWH.
Brief Report: Youth Living With Perinatally Acquired HIV Have Lower Physical Activity Levels as They Age Compared With HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Williams Paige L. , Broadwell Carly , McFarland Elizabeth J. , Powis Kathleen M. , Jacobson Denise L. , Jao Jennifer ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Published: January 2021

Background:
Few studies have evaluated physical activity patterns or their association with vascular inflammation among youth living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV).

Methods:
We assessed YPHIV and youth perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (YPHEU) in the PHACS Adolescent Master Protocol with at least one Block physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) completed between ages 7–19 years. Physical activity metrics were as follows: (1) daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and (2) physical activity duration (PAD) defined as the minutes of daily moderate and vigorous activities. In a subgroup, we measured serum biomarkers of coagulation (fibrinogen and P-selectin) and endothelial dysfunction (soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin) obtained within 3 months of a single PAQ. Repeated measures linear regression models were used to compare the trajectories of log-transformed TEE and PAD by HIV status, adjusting for confounders. Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the relationship of TEE and PAD with vascular biomarkers.

Results:
Five hundred ninety-six youth (387 YPHIV and 209 YPHEU) completed 1552 PAQs (median PAQs completed = 3). The median age at enrollment (Q1, Q3) was 11 (9, 13) years. TEE and PAD increased with age in both YPHIV and YPHEU. However, even after adjusting for confounders, YPHIV had significantly less increase per year than YPHEU for TEE (5.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): −9.9% to −1.4%, P = 0.010] less) and PAD (5.2% [95% CI: −9.2% to −1.1%, P = 0.016] less). Among 302 youth with biomarker measures (187 YPHIV and 114 YPHEU), we observed little correlation with TEE or PAD.

Conclusions:
Both groups had increases in physical activity levels as they aged, but YPHIV had smaller increases throughout adolescence compared with YPHEU, which may impact long-term health.
FDG PET/CT in Disseminated Intracranial and Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tuberculomas
Authors: Liu Mingyuan , Lu Lingdan , Liu Qianyun , Bai Yushu , Dong Aisheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 54-year-old woman was referred because of dizziness with fatigue for 2 months. MRI of the head and spinal cord revealed multiple ring or homogeneous enhancing nodules in the brain and spinal cord, concerning for metastases. FDG PET/CT showed multiple hypermetabolic nodules in the brain and spinal cord corresponding to the gadolinium-enhanced nodules and diffuse FDG uptake in the bilateral lower lobes of the lungs. Chest high-resolution CT showed diffuse, bilateral miliary opacities, most predominant in the lower lobes. The imaging findings and results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis were consistent with disseminated central nervous system tuberculomas with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pulmonary Embolism in an Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patient Detected on Ventilation/Perfusion SPECT/CT
Authors: Mahaletchumy Thanuja , Muhamad Maimanah , Mohammad Kazmin Nur Ezzaty , Kori Najma , Periyasamy Petrick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with significant coagulopathy. We would like share a case of an asymptomatic 26-year-old man who tested positive for COVID-19 and had elevated d-dimer levels. Because of inconclusive CTPA findings, V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) SPECT/CT was performed, which confirmed the presence of pulmonary embolism. This case highlights the fact that pulmonary embolism should not be overlooked in a COVID-19 patient who has raised d-dimer levels, even in the absence of symptoms. It also highlights the importance of performing a V/Q study when CTPA results are inconclusive or when there are contraindications for iodinated contrast media.
Quality of Life Structural Equation Model for Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Oh Juyeon , Kim Jung A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to propose and test a quality of life model among Korean patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using structural equation modeling.

Design
A cross-sectional study was performed.

Methods
Data from 184 patients with ALS were collected from two university hospitals in Seoul and Busan, South Korea, between June and December 2018.

Findings
The modified model indices indicated adequate data fit. Quality of life predictors were social support, physical functional status, depression, and general health perception.

Conclusion
This study improved the understanding of quality of life for Korean patients with ALS, including complex direct and indirect relationships among quality of life factors.

Clinical Relevance
Depression was identified as the most influential factor in this population; hence, early assessment and timely intervention for depression are essential for better quality of life in patients with ALS.
Prefabricated Expanded Flap Combined With Expanded Scalp Flap for Total Face Resurfacing
Authors: Sun Haiyang , Liu Yachen , Yao Ping , Shi Yanyan , Char Sydney , Wang Xuelian , Yao Jianmin , Yang Chuan , Tan Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reconstruction of total facial deformities and defects has been a major challenge of reconstructive surgery. Allotransplantation is limited by the number of donors and the need for life-long immunosuppression. Autotransplantation, where multiple autogenous tissue grafts from various donor sites are used to repair facial defects, inevitably leaves conspicuous patchwork scars. A prefabricated monoblock flap, although the preferred treatment modality, is limited by insufficient blood supply and the large size of the flap. In the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery (2014;25:21–25), Li et al applied the technique of flap prefabrication and stem cell–assisted tissue expansion to reconstruct total facial injuries, but the operations were complicated and the final expanded flap area was also uncertain. This article introduces an approach to reconstruct total facial injuries with a prefabricated expanded thoracic flap combined with an expanded scalp flap (called combined flaps), which not only solves the limitations of blood supply and expanded volume but also reduces patchwork scars. The approach is a simple, feasible, and effective surgical method for total face resurfacing.
Beneficial Effects of Astragaloside IV‐Treated and 3-Dimensional‐Cultured Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Angiogenesis and Wound Healing
Authors: Huang Nan-Chieh , Dai Lien-Guo , Kang Lan-Ya , Huang Nien-Chi , Fu Keng-Yen , Hsieh Pai-Shan , Dai Niann-Tzyy 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionAstragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural herb extract and a popular compound used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its effect on multiple biological processes, such as promotion of cell proliferation, improvement in cardiopulmonary and vascular function, and promotion of angiogenesis around wounds, leading to accelerated wound healing. Vascular regeneration primarily results from the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Biomedical acceleration of angiogenesis and differentiation of EPCs around the wound remain challenging.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we treated human umbilical cord blood–derived EPCs with AS-IV and cultured them on 2-dimensional (tissue culture polystyrene) and 3-dimensional culture plates (3DPs). These cultured cells were then combined with human blood plasma gel and applied on the skin of nude mice in an attempt to repair full-thickness skin defects.ResultsThe results show that using 3DP culture could increase vascular-related gene expression in EPCs. Furthermore, 12.5 μg/mL AS-IV–treaded EPCs were combined with plasma gels (P-3DP-EPC12.5) and showed enhanced vascular-related protein expression levels after 3 days of culture. Finally, P-3DP-EPC12.5s were used to repair full-thickness skin defects in nude mice, and we could register a wound healing rate greater than 90% by day 14.ConclusionsBased on these results, we concluded that we have developed a potential therapeutic approach for wound healing using plasma gel containing 3-dimensional surface–cultured AS-IV–treated EPCs.
Impact of the Different Types of Le Fort I Maxillary Surgical Movement on Nasal Width Changes
Authors: Lin Yi-Yu , Denadai Rafael , Chou Pang-Yun , Yao Chuan-Fong , Chen Ying-An , Wang Po-Fang , Lin Clement Cheng-Hui , Chen Yu-Ray 
Published: January 2021

Background
Le Fort I maxillary movements affect nasal width, but nasal width changes with specific movement types have not been formally addressed to date.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the changes in nasal width with different maxillary movements.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed among consecutive patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (n = 138) and who were grouped based on the type of maxillary movement (ie, maxillary advancement with intrusion [MAI], maxillary advancement with extrusion [MAE], and maxillary setback with intrusion [MSI]). Preoperative and 12-month postoperative nasal widths were analyzed photogrammetrically by 2 blinded evaluators.

Results
Maxillary advancement with intrusion and MAE presented a significantly (P < 0.05) higher alar base widening than MSI did, with no significant (P > 0.05) differences between MAI and MAE. Maxillary advancement movements (MAI and MAE) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher alar base widening than maxillary setback movement (MSI). However, no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed between maxillary intrusion (MAI and MSI) and maxillary extrusion (MAE) movements.

Conclusions
This study shows that the nasal width varies distinctly depending on the type of Le Fort I maxillary surgical movement.
Clinical Performance of Hydrogel-based Dressing in Facial Burn Wounds
Authors: Ou Kuang-Ling , Tzeng Yuan-sheng , Chiao Hao-Yu , Chiu Han-ting , Chen Chun-Yu , Chu Tzi-Shiang , Huang Dun-Wei , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Chang Chun-Kai , Wang Chih-Hsin , Dai Niann-Tzyy , Wu Chien-Ju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Preserving both esthetic and functional outcome remains challenging in facial burn injuries. The major issue is the initial treatment of injury. In this study, we focused on patients with partial-thickness facial burns admitted to the burn unit of Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, from November 2016 to November 2018. In 21 included patients, customized mask-style, transparent hydrogel-based dressing was applied to the burns. The mean age of included patients was 37.4 years. The mean area of burn injury was 11.9% of total body surface area, and the mean area of second-degree facial burns was 162.3 cm2. Full reepithelialization took, on average, 10.86 days. Scarring was acceptable in terms of texture and color, and no hypertrophic or keloidal scarring was noted. The mean Vancouver Scar Scale score was 2.07. Use of the hydrogel-based dressing masks seems to be a promising means of reducing pain, providing uninterrupted wound healing, facilitating observation, and positively affecting scarring in patients with second-degree facial burns.
Dynamic Traction Splint as an Alternative Surgical Treatment for Comminuted Intraarticular Fracture of Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Hung Kuo-Shu , Hsu Hsiu-Yun , Kuo Li-Chieh , Chang Jer-Hao , Lee Yao-Chou , Ho Chien-Liang , Pan Shin-Chen , Shieh Shyh-Jou 
Published: January 2021

Background
Comminuted intraarticular fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) are difficult to treat. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of using a dynamic traction splint to treat comminuted intraarticular fracture of MPJ.

Patients and Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients with comminuted intraarticular fracture of the MPJ treated with a dynamic traction splint at National Cheng Kung University Hospital between March 2014 and February 2018. The surgical procedures consisted of a transverse Kirschner wire insertion and treatment for concomitant injuries. The patients then received staged regular rehabilitation programs under a hand therapists' supervision for 14 weeks. Active range of motion (ROM) of injured digits, Visual Analog Scale score for pain, and return-to-work status were recorded to evaluate functional outcomes.

Results
A total of 10 patients were included. All were male patients and aged 8 to 66 years. The most common injury mechanism was motor vehicle accident (70%). The locations of fractures were 1 at the metacarpal head and 9 at the proximal phalangeal bases. Half of the fractures were open. Concomitant injuries were 1 digital nerve severance, 1 extensor tendon rupture, and 3 dorsal skin avulsions. There were no postoperative complications. The active ROM of the MPJ ranged from 40° to 90° with a median ROM of 80°. The Visual Analog Scale score for pain was 0 in 8 patients and 1 in the other 2 patients. All patients returned to their original workplace after rehabilitation.

Conclusions
Dynamic traction splints and postoperative rehabilitation programs could be an alternative treatment for comminuted intraarticular fracture of the MPJ.
Does the Presence of a Preexisting Open Wound Increase Complication Risk for Implant Procedures?
Authors: Nie James , Torabi Sina , Hsia Henry C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite limited evidence, a common belief in surgical practice is that patients should not undergo elective surgery until any open wounds heal because of the risk of seeding infection to the new surgical site. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze postoperative complication rates for implants placed in the context of open wounds using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. We examined 30-day postoperative infections for breast, hip, knee, and spine implants using the 2012–2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients were excluded for missing data and propensity matched 1:10 for demographics and comorbidities to minimize confounders. Complication rates were assessed using Pearson χ2 tests. Of 475,101 patients who received breast, hip, knee, or spine implants, 1491 did so with an open wound. After propensity score matching, the overall complication rate remained higher with the open wound cohort (6.7% vs 3.8%, P < 0.001). Although the presence of an open wound was associated with an increased risk of superficial surgical site infection, it was not associated with an increased risk of organ space surgical site infection, the site best correlated with infection at the implant. Nor was the presence of an open wound associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of deep incisional surgical site infection or wound dehiscence. After controlling for demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and surgical factors, the presence of an open wound before implant surgery is associated with an increased risk of complications, readmission, and reoperation, but not necessarily infection at the surgical site.
Sonoelastography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Lee Che-Hsiung , Lin Yu-Te , Wu Chen-Te , Lin Cheng-Hung , Chen Shih-Heng , Hsu Chung-Chen 
Published: January 2021

Background
Sonoelastography (SEL) is widely used for assessing tissue stiffness and pathophysiology. It has also been used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, the current criteria to diagnose CTS in SEL are diverse. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature and assess the diagnostic value of SEL for CTS.

Methods
A literature review was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library for primary research articles using the keywords sonoelastography and carpal tunnel syndrome. Data related to diagnostic and cutoff value were extracted. Bias assessment was performed.

Results
A total of 121 publications were reviewed. Nineteen primary case series met the inclusion criteria and were selected for full analysis. Different diagnostic approaches were identified, with units/expressions including kilopascals, conduct velocity, and strain ratio. The kilopascals and conduct velocity were measured using shear wave elastography, whereas strain ratio was calculated by relative compression quantification. A mean shear modulus cutoff value from 38.25 to 86 kPa and an acoustic radiation force impulse cutoff value of 3.0 to 3.23 m/s were used to diagnose CTS. Eight articles reported strain ratio between the median nerve and nearby tissues with diverse results due to different reference points. The other 3 additional diagnostic values were reported.

Conclusions
Sonoelastography is a useful noninvasive and promising modality to diagnose CTS. It may reflect both the condition of soft tissue scarring and quantitative values for CTS and median nerve stiffness. A diversity of examination values was found in different modalities. A high level of evidence was absent.
Automatic Assessment of 3-Dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Symmetry Before and After Orthognathic Surgery Using a Machine Learning Model
Authors: Lo Lun-Jou , Yang Chao-Tung , Ho Cheng-Ting , Liao Chun-Hao , Lin Hsiu-Hsia 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
An objective and quantitative assessment of facial symmetry is essential for the surgical planning and evaluation of treatment outcomes in orthognathic surgery (OGS). This study applied the transfer learning model with a convolutional neural network based on 3-dimensional (3D) contour line features to evaluate the facial symmetry before and after OGS.

Methods
A total of 158 patients were recruited in a retrospective cohort study for the assessment and comparison of facial symmetry before and after OGS from January 2018 to March 2020. Three-dimensional facial photographs were captured by the 3dMD face system in a natural head position, with eyes looking forward, relaxed facial muscles, and habitual dental occlusion before and at least 6 months after surgery. Three-dimensional contour images were extracted from 3D facial images for the subsequent Web-based automatic assessment of facial symmetry by using the transfer learning with a convolutional neural network model.

Results
The mean score of postoperative facial symmetry showed significant improvements from 2.74 to 3.52, and the improvement degree of facial symmetry (in percentage) after surgery was 21% using the constructed machine learning model. A Web-based system provided a user-friendly interface and quick assessment results for clinicians and was an effective doctor-patient communication tool.

Conclusions
This work was the first attempt to automatically assess the facial symmetry before and after surgery in an objective and quantitative value by using a machine learning model based on the 3D contour feature map.
Advanced Technical Pearls for Successful Supermicrosurgical Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Chen Wei F. , Tuncer Fatma Betul , Zeng Weifeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) is now accepted as one of the mainstays of surgical treatment of lymphedema. The unique advantages of LVA that set it apart from other procedures such as vascularized lymph node transfer are its safety and its minimally invasive nature. To date, there has been no report of worsening of disease as a result of LVA, even when performed unsuccessfully. Despite these notable advantages, the procedure is much less frequently performed compared with vascularized lymph node transfer because of inconsistent procedural outcome. In our experience, LVA is highly effective when performed with proper patient selection and meticulous technical execution. In this article, we share the senior author's LVA “tips and tricks” to help readers achieve greater success when performing this extraordinary supermicrosurgical procedure.
Prelamination of Vascularized Tensor Fascia Lata for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Norwich-Cavanaugh Amanda , Kim Samuel , Panse Gauri , Saberski Ean , Hsia Henry C. , Narayan Deepak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are 2 to 5 million laparotomies performed in the United States annually. Of these, 250,000 to 350,000 will undergo a ventral hernia repair. Repairs are often complicated by recurrence and infection. These risks are significantly increased in previously infected repairs, with reported recurrence rates varying from 17% to 28% after repair of infected ventral hernias, double the rates reported for first-time uninfected repairs. We describe here a novel treatment strategy involving the creation then use of bilateral prelaminated permanent mesh-reinforced tensor fascia latae flaps for abdominal wall reconstruction in patients who have recurrent ventral hernias and had undergone previous repairs complicated by infection. Previous repairs included anterior components separation, thereby making subsequent fascial release techniques and achievement of a reinforced repair extremely unlikely. Three patients were treated by a single surgeon using this 2-stage technique. There have been no incidences of recurrence and no infections after 2 to 10 years. In these patients, the only conventional option would have been a bridged repair with absorbable mesh. Combining the advantages of permanent mesh and well-vascularized autologous tissue optimizes the repair's tensile strength while mitigating the chance of recurrent infection associated with the use of permanent mesh. We propose that this strategy may be an appropriate treatment option for patients with recurrent ventral hernias that have not responded to other conventional modalities of treatment.