bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an Innovative Seismic Resilient Anchorage System for Industrial Tanks and Vessels
Authors: Sahami Kaveh , Zarnani Pouyan , Quenneville Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The conventional storage tanks are either fully restrained by hold-down connections or unanchored which are free for rocking motion during an earthquake. This generally creates a high level of seismic force due to lack of ductility or large displacement demand due to uplift, resulting in damage to tanks. However, a more efficient approach could be using partially restrained connections to control both the deflection and force at the desired levels.
In this paper, an innovative generation of anchorage system has been introduced by employing the Resilient Slip Friction Damper (RSFD) as a ductile self-centring hold-down system. This new tension-only damage-free anchorage mechanism mitigates the transmitted earthquake force to storage tanks by dissipating the input energy through friction without experiencing any damage, contrary to other common ductile yielding hold-downs.
In this study, based on the numerical modelling of the tanks and the hold-downs performance (validated experimentally), a comparison has been conducted between the RSFD anchorage system with other ductile concepts (eg., necked-rod and buckling-restrained systems), considering three case studies with different tank aspect ratios. The proposed system is capable of considerably decreasing the transmitted force which leads to less seismic demand for designing the tank barrel as well as the foundation.
Effect of Thickness on the Shape Memory Properties of Bisphenol A Epoxy Based Shape Memory Polymer Composites
Authors: Emmanuel K. D. C. , Jeewantha J. , Herath M. , Epaarachchi J. , Aravinthan T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is one of the most highly researched branches of polymer materials in the recent past. It is often called as a smart material due to its unique capability to memorize original shape. Up to now, shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) are widely being used for developing light weight and low thickness components for space missions. Increasing thickness and fibre layers will improve mechanical properties, but can adversely affect shape memory effect (SME) and increase the possibility of delamination when programming.
To study this phenomenon, a 3 × 3 Taguchi array for material thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm was developed. Carbon, glass and basalt fibres were used to reinforce SMPs in various mass fractions. Shape programming was carried out at the onset of storage modulus (TS) and peak of Tan (δ) (Tδ). SME was analysed in terms of fixity ratio (Rf), recovery ratio (Rr) and areal damage percentage (ADP) due to programming. Samples deformed at Tδ showed high ADP (&gt; 16%) while at TS minimal ADP was 0.7 %. Moreover, addition of a unidirectional fibre layer in the compressing side of the specimen (with fibres parallel to the width) has minimized local fibre buckling when programming.
Generative Design of a Quad-Copter Frame
Authors: Abhinava Bharat Gavireddi , Nandini Alluri Sai , Prasad Malladi Jogendra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A quad-copter is a simple form of UAV with four rotors. It can be either autonomous or controlled remotely by a human on the ground. In the recent past, it has been extensively used in various fields like military, surveillance, medical, etc. The current research related to quad-copters focuses on providing an efficient design for the different components used to build them. In the present work, a quad-copter frame structure is designed with an optimized mass of the frame, using the generative design technique. The resulting mass-optimized frame structure is numerically simulated for the varying magnitudes of transverse loads at different frame locations. The maximum stress developed and deformation resulting from the application of transverse loads on the frame is numerically studied. It is found that the frame designed using PA6 material weighs 11.7% lesser as compared to the frame earlier considered by Singh et al. [1]. Also, the deformation is found to be minimum when a maximum load of 35N is applied to the frame.
Collocated Actuation and Feedback Control of a Piezoelectric Bandage for Producing Low-Intensity Vibrations
Authors: Shan Xin , Koh Timothy J. , Kineman Rhonda D. , Bilgen Onur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A large number of people living with type two diabetes suffer from a slow rate of wound healing. Also, some injuries, such as burns, can cause chronic wounds. Low-intensity vibrations have been investigated to promote wound healing. In authors’ previous research, a piezoelectric disc was bonded near the wound site to deliver low intensity vibration. It has been demonstrated that low intensity vibration promotes tissue perfusion, granulation tissue formation, and wound healing in diabetic mice. In this paper, a self-sensing feedback control system is designed to ensure vibration consistency. Such consistency is critical to the proposed treatment. The piezoelectric disc acts as an actuator and a sensor synchronously, i.e., a single piezoelectric disk bonded on the skin can produce vibrations and measure strain or stress simultaneously. No separate sensors are needed to deploy in the feedback control systems. Such integrated design eliminates sensors, which saves space and reduces complexity, and it is important to wearable devices. A bridge circuit is adopted in this work to enable the collocated control. The bridge circuit, piezoelectric disk, and tissue are modeled separately. Finally, a single-input single-output system model is established for the whole system, and a corresponding controller is designed. Responses based on the SISO model are simulated and analyzed. The important system parameters are investigated and discussed.
Fractional Drift-Diffusion Model of Organic Field Effect Transistors Including Effects of Bending Stress for Smart Materials
Authors: Yang Yi , Bai Huiwen , Nawrocki Robert , Voyles Richard , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a fractional drift-diffusion (Fr-DD) model to characterize the transconductance characteristics of a 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene TIPS-pentacene based organic field effect transistor (OFET) when bending effects are taken into account. The Fr-DD model is proposed by fractionalizing the diffusive current density in the carrier continuity equations of the conventional drift-diffusion (DD) model. Gummel’s iteration is utilized to decouple the governing equations of the Fr-DD model. The solved hole concentration and electrostatic potentials on the metal-semiconductor interface are employed to approximate the terminal current flow and generate the transconductance characteristics of the OFET. Compared to the conventional DD model, the Fr-DD model does not need to consider the density of trap states (DoS) since its fractional derivative order in relation to material type, boundary conditions and bending radius can be obtained directly by fitting limited experimental data. In addition, a comparison with experimental data reveals that the Fr-DD model can result in much more accurate predictions on transconductance characteristics than the conventional DD model, especially in the subthreshold and low gate-source voltage regions of the OFET.
Viral Culture Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Subgenomic RNA Value as a Good Surrogate Marker of Infectivity
Authors: Santos Bravo Marta , Berengua Carla , Marín Pilar , Esteban Montserrat , Rodriguez Cristina , del Cuerpo Margarita , Miró Elisenda , Cuesta Genoveva , Mosquera Mar , Sánchez-Palomino Sonsoles , Vila Jordi , Rabella Núria , Marcos María Ángeles 
Published: October 2021

Determining SARS-CoV-2 viral infectivity is crucial for patient clinical assessment and isolation decisions. We assessed subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) as a surrogate marker of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in SARS-CoV-2-positive reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) respiratory samples (
n
= 105) in comparison with viral culture as the reference standard for virus replication. sgRNA and viral isolation results were concordant in 99/105 cases (94%), indicating highly significant agreement between the two techniques (Cohen’s kappa coefficient 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 0.97,
P
< 0.001). sgRNA RT-PCR showed a sensitivity of 97% and a positive predictive value of 94% to detect replication-competent virus, further supporting sgRNA as a surrogate marker of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. sgRNA RT-PCR is an accurate, rapid, and affordable technique that can overcome culture and cycle threshold (

C
T

) value limitations and be routinely implemented in hospital laboratories to detect viral infectivity, which is essential for optimizing patient monitoring, the efficacy of treatments/vaccines, and work reincorporation policies, as well as for safely shortening isolation precautions.
A fragile record of fleeting water on Mars
Authors: Koeppel Ari H.D. , Edwards Christopher S. , Annex Andrew M. , Lewis Kevin W. , Carrillo Gabriel J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe light-toned sedimentary layers that outcrop widely throughout Mars’ Southern Highlands have long been an enigma in uncovering the climatic history of Mars. Although these units seem to contain unique records of fluctuating surface conditions, the role of water in their formation is debated. A distinctive property of many such deposits is their elevated thermal inertia relative to that of surrounding materials. This temperature-controlling trait is often interpreted to indicate induration resulting from aqueous processes. However, prevalent erosional landforms suggest that the deposits host much weaker materials than neighboring units. We address this apparent contradiction by disentangling the relationships between thermal inertia, mineralogy, and erosion susceptibility and by quantifying the cohesion of layered deposits in the Arabia Terra region. We demonstrate that variations in dust cover associated with relative erodibility and eolian abrasion can be inconspicuous controls on apparent thermal inertia. We ultimately find that these deposits are not as cohesive as would be expected from a high water-to-rock ratio setting either during or after deposition. If water-rich surface conditions existed in the region after the Noachian, these deposits suggest they may have only been intermittent and fleeting.
Putative fossils of chemotrophic microbes preserved in seep carbonates from Vestnesa Ridge, off northwest Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Himmler Tobias , Crémière Antoine , Birgel Daniel , Wirth Richard , Orphan Victoria J. , Kirsimäe Kalle , Knies Jochen , Peckmann Jörn , Lepland Aivo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The microbial key players at methane seeps are methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. They form spherical aggregates and jointly mediate the sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD–AOM: CH4 + SO42− → HCO3− + HS− + H2O), thereby inducing the precipitation of authigenic seep carbonates. While seep carbonates constitute valuable archives for molecular fossils of SD–AOM-mediating microbes, no microfossils have been identified as AOM aggregates to date. We report clustered spherical microstructures engulfed in 13C-depleted aragonite cement (δ13C values as low as −33‰) of Pleistocene seep carbonates. The clusters comprise Mg-calcite spheres between ∼5 µm (single spheres) and ∼30 µm (clusters) in diameter. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a porous nanocrystalline fabric in the core area of the spheres surrounded by one or two concentric layers of Mg-calcite crystals. In situ measured sphere δ13C values as low as −42‰ indicate that methane-derived carbon is the dominant carbon source. The size and concentric layering of the spheres resembles mineralized aggregates of natural anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) of the ANME-2 group surrounded by one or two layers of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Abundant carbonate-bound 13C-depleted lipid biomarkers of archaea and bacteria indicative of the ANME-2-Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus consortium agree with SD–AOM-mediating microbes as critical agents of carbonate precipitation. Given the morphological resemblance, in concert with negative in situ δ13C values and abundant SD–AOM-diagnostic biomarkers, the clustered spheres likely represent fossils of SD–AOM-mediating microbes.
Psychological burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits on medical workers under the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey
Authors: Matsui Kentaro , Yoshiike Takuya , Tsuru Ayumi , Otsuki Rei , Nagao Kentaro , Ayabe Naoko , Hazumi Megumi , Utsumi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Kentaro , Fukumizu Michio , Kuriyama Kenichi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThere are numerous reports on the psychological burden of medical workers after the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has examined the influence of developmental characteristics on the mental health of medical workers. The objective of this study was to examine whether the developmental characteristics of medical workers are associated with anxiety and depression after the COVID-19 outbreak.DesignWe conducted an online cross-sectional questionnaire survey in October 2020.Participants and settingThe data of 640 medical workers were analysed. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic data, changes in their life after the COVID-19 outbreak and symptoms of depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits and autism spectrum disorder traits.Main outcomesDepression symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to test the effects of developmental characteristics on depression and anxiety symptoms after controlling for sociodemographic factors and changes in participants’ lives after the COVID-19 outbreak.ResultsIncreases in physical and psychological burden were observed in 49.1% and 78.3% of the subjects, respectively. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that ADHD traits were significantly associated with both depression (β=0.390, p<0.001) and anxiety (β=0.426, p<0.001). Autistic traits were significantly associated with depression (β=0.069, p<0.05) but not anxiety. Increased physical and psychological burden, being female, medical workers other than physicians and nurses, fear of COVID-19 and experience of discrimination were also significantly associated with both depression and anxiety.ConclusionGlobally, the burden on medical workers increased. This study suggested that medical workers with higher ADHD traits may need special attention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multiple-region grey matter atrophy as a predictor for the development of dementia in a community: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Nakazawa Taro , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hirabayashi Naoki , Furuta Yoshihiko , Hata Jun , Shibata Mao , Honda Takanori , Kitazono Takanari , Nakao Tomohiro , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the association of regional grey matter atrophy with dementia risk in a general older Japanese population.MethodsWe followed 1158 dementia-free Japanese residents aged ≥65 years for 5.0 years. Regional grey matter volume (GMV) at baseline was estimated by applying voxel-based morphometry methods. The GMV-to-total brain volume ratio (GMV/TBV) was calculated, and its association with dementia risk was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. We assessed whether the predictive ability of a model based on known dementia risk factors could be improved by adding the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy among dementia-related brain regions, where the cut-off value for grey matter atrophy in each region was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsDuring the follow-up, 113 participants developed all-cause dementia, including 83 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lower GMV/TBV of the medial temporal lobe, insula, hippocampus and amygdala were significantly/marginally associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia and AD (all p for trend ≤0.08). The risks of all-cause dementia and AD increased significantly with increasing total number of brain regions exhibiting grey matter atrophy (both p for trend <0.01). Adding the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy into a model consisting of known risk factors significantly improved the predictive ability for AD (Harrell’s c-statistics: 0.765–0.802; p=0.02).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the total number of regions with grey matter atrophy among the medial temporal lobe, insula, hippocampus and amygdala is a significant predictor for developing dementia, especially AD, in the general older population.
Automated framework for extracting sidewalk dimensions from images using deep learning
Authors: Halabya Ayman , El-Rayes Khaled 
Published: October 2021

State and local governments are required by federal and state laws to provide and maintain accessibility on their sidewalks and pedestrian facilities. They need to conduct and frequently update self-evaluation to assess the compliance of their sidewalks and pedestrian facilities with accessibility requirements and identify any barriers that limit or deny access for people with disabilities to public programs, services, or activities. This paper presents the development of an automated framework that is capable of (1) providing a cost-effective and practical methodology for conducting self-evaluations using sidewalk images, (2) creating 3D models of existing sidewalks that can be used in analyzing their conditions, and (3) automatically extracting sidewalk dimensions and geometry from sidewalk input images. A case study of a small pedestrian network that includes 830 m of sidewalks was analyzed to test the framework performance and demonstrate its novel and practical capabilities.
Jeans instability from post-Newtonian Boltzmann equation
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJeans instability within the framework of post-Newtonian Boltzmann and Poisson equations are analyzed. The components of the energy–momentum tensor are calculated from a post-Newtonian Maxwell-Jüttner distribution function. The perturbations of the distribution function and gravitational potentials from their background states with the representation of the perturbations as plane waves lead to a dispersion relation with post-Newtonian corrections. The influence of the post-Newtonian approximation on the Jeans mass is determined and it was shown that the mass necessary for an overdensity to begin the gravitational collapse in the post-Newtonian theory is smaller than the one in the Newtonian theory.
A novel photoluminescence hyperspectral camera for the study of artworks
Authors: Ghirardello Marta , Manzoni Cristian , Gironda Michele , Alberti Roberto , Lenz Roland , Zöldföldi Judit , Behrendt Sonja , Paz Boaz , Valentini Gianluca , Comelli Daniela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present the application of a novel hyperspectral camera, based on the Fourier-transform approach, to study the photoluminescence emission from artworks at different spatial scales and emission timescales. The hyperspectral system relies on an innovative wide-field, compact and ultra-stable interferometer coupled to different excitation and detection methods. Here, we describe and illustrate the potentialities and limitations of its use when coupled with excitation at variable fluence and with time-gated detection. The developed methods allow an in-depth characterization of the optical emission from luminescent materials in cultural heritage and provide information on the nature of the recombination pathways in crystalline pigments. Indeed, one of the main difficulties in the interpretation of the optical emission from artworks is the presence of multiple emitting compounds with spectra characterized by broad emission bands. The photoluminescence imaging methods here proposed allow to partially solve this issue, by separating emission from different materials on the basis of their different timescales and spectral emission properties, thus providing important information to support material identification. Furthermore, the high spectral accuracy achievable with a hyperspectral camera, such as the one proposed in this paper, allows the collection of highly resolved spectral datacubes, which can then be post-processed with computational and multivariate statistical analysis methods to better assess material identification and mapping.
Finnmark Platform Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Barents Sea
Authors: Henriksen E. , Ktenas D. , Nielsen J. K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Finnmark Platform Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE), located in the southern Barents Sea, is a northward-dipping monoclinal structural unit. It covers most of the southern Norwegian Barents Sea where it borders the Norwegian mainland. Except for the different age of basement, the CTSE extends eastwards into the Kola Monocline on the Russian part of the Barents Sea.
The general water depth varies between 200 and 350 m, and the sea bottom is influenced by Plio-Pleistocene glaciations. A high frequency of scour marks and deposition of moraine materials exists on the platform areas. Successively older strata sub-crop below the Upper Regional Unconformity (URU), which was formed by several glacial periods.
Basement rocks of Neoproterozoic age were heavily affected by the Caledonian Orogeny, and previously by the Timanide tectonic compression in the easternmost part of the Finnmark Platform CTSE.
Depth to crystalline basement varies considerably and is estimated to be from 4–5 to 10 km. Following the Caledonian orogenesis, the Finnmark Platform was affected by Lower–Middle Carboniferous rifting, sediment input from the Uralian Orogen in the east, the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous rift phase and the Late Plio-Pleistocene isostatic uplift.
A total of eight exploration wells drilled different targets on the platform. Two minor discoveries have been made proving the presence of both oil and gas, and potential sandstone reservoirs of good quality identified in the Visean, Induan, Anisian and Carnian intervals. In addition, thick sequences of Permo-Carboniferous carbonates and spiculitic chert are proven in the eastern Platform area. The deep reservoirs are believed to be charged from Paleozoic sources. A western extension of the Domanik source rocks well documented in the Timan–Pechora Basin may exist towards the eastern part of the Finnmark Platform. In the westernmost part, charge from juxtaposed downfaulted basins may be possible.
Lamprophyres, lamproites and related rocks as tracers to supercontinent cycles and metallogenesis
Authors: Krmíček Lukáš , Chalapathi Rao N. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Proterozoic to Cenozoic lamprophyres, lamproites and related rock types hold a unique potential for the investigation of processes affecting mantle reservoirs. They originated from primary mantle-derived melts that intruded both cratons and off-craton regions, which were parts of former supercontinents – Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana–Pangaea. Well known for hosting economic minerals and elements such as diamonds, base metals, platinum-group elements and Au, they are also significant for our understanding of deep-mantle processes, such as mantle metasomatism and mantle plume–lithosphere interactions, as well as large-scale geodynamic processes, including subduction-related tectonics and supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. This Special Publication presents an overview of the state of the art and recent advances as achieved by individual research groups from different parts of the world, and outlines future research directions. Mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and isotope analyses are used to decipher the complex petrogenetic and metallogenetic evolution of these extraordinary rocks and unravel a complete history of tectonic events related to individual supercontinent cycles. The Special Publication including this introductory chapter also deals with some issues related to the classification of these rocks.