bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic landscape of mitochondrial DNA insertions in 23 bat genomes: characteristics, loci, phylogeny, and polymorphism
Authors: ZHANG Guojun , GENG Deqi , GUO Qiulin , LIU Wei , LI Shufen , GAO Wujun , WANG Yongfei , ZHANG Min , WANG Yilin , BU Yanzhen , NIU Hongxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe transfer of mitochondrial DNA to the nuclear genome gives rise to the nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin (NUMTs), considered as a driving force in genome evolution. In this study, NUMTs in 23 bat genomes were investigated and compared systematically. The results showed that NUMTs existed in 22 genomes except for Noctilio leporinus, suggesting that mitochondrial fragment insertion in the nuclear genome was a common event in bat genomes. However, remarkable variations in NUMTs number, cumulative length, and proportion in the nuclear genome were discovered across bat species. Further orthologous NUMT loci analysis of the Phyllostomidae family indicated that the NUMTs insertion events in bat genomes were homoplasy‐free. The NUMTs were mainly inserted into the intergenic regions, particularly, co‐localized with repetitive sequences (especially transposable elements). However, several NUMTs were inserted into genes, some of which were in the exon region of functional genes. One NUMT in the genome of Pteropus alecto surprisingly matched with cDNA of ATP8B3 that provided evidence of NUMTs with coding function. Phylogenic analysis on NUMTs originating from COXI and COXII loci highlighted 2 clusters of Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera for Chiroptera. Seven NUMTs from Rhinolophus ferrumequinum were amplified, and the sequencing results confirmed the reliability of the NUMT analysis. One of them was polymorphic for the presence or absence of the NUMT insertion, and each genotype of NUMT loci showed a distinct regional distribution pattern. The information obtained in this study provides novel insights into the NUMT organization and features in bat genomes and establishes a basis for further studying of the evolution of bat species.
Polychlorinated dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl‐PCBs) in food from Italy: Estimates of dietaryintake and assessment
Authors: Barone Grazia , Storelli Arianna , Busco Antonio , Mallamaci Rosanna , Storelli Maria M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDietary intake of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl‐PCBs) from various foods (fish and seafood, meat and meat‐based products, milk and dairy products, hen eggs, olive oil and fats) was investigated for various sex/age groups of the Italian population. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl‐PCBs and their contribution to total TEQ values varied depending on food matrix. Fish (0.50 pg WHO‐TEQ/g wet weight) and seafood (0.16 pg WHO‐TEQ/g wet weight) showed the highest mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs plus dl‐PCBs, followed by meat (1.70 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight), meat based products (1.03 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight), milk and dairy products (0.78 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight), hen eggs (0.71 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight), fats (0.27 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight) and olive oil (0.09 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight). In all samples WHO‐TEQ PCDD/F plus dl‐PCB concentrations fulfilled the European Union food law, except in pork loin samples (1.39 pg WHO‐TEQ/g lipid weight). Differences in exposure depending on the sex/age groups (children > teenagers > adults > elders) and hypotheses considered (lower bound and upper bound) were encountered. Non‐cancer risk values showed a low exposure. Carcinogenicity risk results revealed that highly exposed individuals were distributed over all sex/age groups, even though the proportion of individuals exceeding the safe limit was higher in children. These data once again underline the importance of trying to control the levels of these contaminants in fishery products, particularly in fish, who represents one of the main exposure sources for consumers.Practical ApplicationThis paper may help the consumer in making food choices to minimize the exposure risk to dioxins, furans and PCBs
Assessment of bacterial and dye penetration through post/crown interim restorations while under simulated masticatory load
Authors: La Jason , Abbott Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim was to compare two temporary cements to determine which resisted bacterial and dye penetration under temporary posts/cores/crowns subjected to simulated masticatory function. Forty‐six single canal human tooth roots were prepared for posts/crowns. A cotton pellet and Cavit were placed in each post space. Temporary posts/cores/crowns were cemented with Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM) (n = 23) or Tempocem (n = 23). Specimens were sterilised, then immersed in a mixture of Streptococcus gordonii and India ink, and subjected to 4 weeks simulated mastication. Dye penetration was assessed by visually inspecting the cotton pellets. Bacterial penetration was determined by placing the pellets into sterile broth and by plating them onto agar plates to confirm S. gordonii growth. There was no statistically significant difference between the cements and the dependent variables of bacterial and dye penetration. Hence, both cements are good options to cement temporary posts/cores/crowns during endodontic treatment of anterior teeth.
The effect of atmospheric cold plasma on the dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate‐based sealer used with different obturation techniques: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Authors: Yesildal Yeter Kubra , Gunes Betul , Seker Basak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on dentinal tubule penetration of EndoSequence BC. Sixty premolars were divided into four groups according to the obturation technique and plasma treatment. Root canals were filled with single cone in Group 1 (SC), single cone after ACP application in Group 2 (SC‐P), warm vertical compaction in Group 3 (WVC), warm vertical compaction after ACP application in Group 4 (WVC‐P). Horizontal sections were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum penetration and percentage of penetration values were measured. These data were statistically analysed (P < 0.01). In the coronal region, the percentage of penetration values were higher in SC‐P and WVC‐P than in SC and WVC. In the middle region, SC‐P and SC showed a higher penetration percentage than WVC and WVC‐P. In the apical region, WVC showed a higher percentage of penetration value than SC‐P, WVC‐P and SC did. Maximum penetration of WVC was higher than of SC and SC‐P. Within the limitations of this study, ACP improved the percentage of penetration values of EndoSequence BC when used with single‐cone technique.
Preliminary characterisation of known pesticide resistance alleles in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in its invasive Australian range
Authors: Nguyen Duong T , Chen Yizhou , Herron Grant A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has recently been detected in Australia. Globally, S. frugiperda is reported to be resistant to insecticides, including those permitted for its control by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority. Consequently, an understanding of the insecticide resistance status of newly migrated S. frugiperda into Australia, as well as an ability to accurately identify newly hatched larvae, would facilitate sustainable management. To aid identification, we developed a real‐time polymerase chain reaction diagnostic assay that can identify S. frugiperda species, irrespective of life stage, and distinguish between the rice and corn strains. We then screened S. frugiperda individuals from Queensland, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and New South Wales for mutations causing target site insensitivity in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene, the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene and the ryanodine receptor gene. In the populations tested, we found that mutation at positions A210S and F290V in AChE were common. These mutations are known to be associated with carbamate and organophosphate resistance in S. frugiperda outside Australia. In contrast, no mutation was found in gene voltage‐gated sodium channel causing pyrethroid resistance or the ryanodine receptor gene associated with diamide resistance. As S. frugiperda is new to Australia, the wide distribution of mutations in the AChE gene associated with organophosphate/carbamate resistance suggests that the original migrated S. frugiperda moths may have carried the mutations from outside Australia. As resistance genes have been detected, it is important to continue to monitor the resistance status of Australian S. frugiperda and further integrate complementary bioassay when available. Finally, as pesticide resistance is possible, it should be additionally considered when making pest management decisions and any spray failure should be followed by a pesticide from a different chemical group.
Therapeutic effects of thymoquinone in doxorubicin‐induced hepatotoxicity via oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Akin Ali Tuğrul , Öztürk Emel , Kaymak Emin , Karabulut Derya , Yakan Birkan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer is a lethal disease that is characterized by uncontrolled cell division and proliferation, and it results in death in many organisms. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a therapeutic agent used for treatment of many cancer types, but it induces serious hepatotoxicity. In this study, we aimed to determine possible hepato‐therapeutic effects of thymoquinone (THQ) on DOX‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): Control, THQ (10 mg/kg/day/i.p for 14 days), Olive Oil (equal volume with THQ for 14 days), DOX (single dose, 15 mg/kg/i.p on 7th day) and DOX + THQ (10 mg/kg/day/i.p and DOX 15 mg/kg/i.p on 7th day). At the end of the experiment, liver tissues were extracted and evaluated histopathologically. eNOS, iNOS and Cas‐3 immunostaining were performed to determine the expression levels. TUNEL method was used to determine apoptotic index. Furthermore, liver tissue total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), TNF‐α and TGF‐β levels were measured by ELISA assay. The DOX group showed histopathological deterioration compared to Control group. Moreover, apoptotic index, eNOS, iNOS and Cas‐3 expressions increased in DOX group. While TAS level of the DOX group decreased, TOS level increased. TNF‐α and TGF‐β levels increased in DOX group. However, there was improvement in DOX + THQ group compared to DOX group. Moreover, apoptotic cell number, eNOS, iNOS and Cas‐3 expressions decreased in DOX + THQ group compared to DOX group. We concluded that thymoquinone can be used as a phytotherapeutic for reducing DOX‐induced liver damage.
Barriers and enablers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander careers in health: A qualitative, multisector study in western New South Wales
Authors: Bailey Jannine , Blignault Ilse , Renata Pamela , Naden Phil , Nathan Sally , Newman Jamie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveGrowing a strong Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workforce is key to closing the gap in health outcomes between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians. This study sought to explore barriers and enablers to career development for Aboriginal health staff and potential strategies to enhance career pathways.DesignQualitative study, with data collected primarily through focus group discussions (yarning circles) at different health workplaces.SettingWestern New South Wales.ParticipantsAboriginal health staff (n = 54) from Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, a Local Health District and a Primary Health Network, and their managers (Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal; n = 28).Main outcome measuresIdentified barriers and enablers and regional strategies for improving career pathways.ResultsAboriginal people interested in pursuing a career in health face barriers in: pre‐employment, recruitment, the workplace and further education and training. Being given practical and emotional support, as well as opportunities, makes a difference at every stage. Family and community are very influential in career decisions. Within the workplace, culturally appropriate human resource systems and management structures are vital. The ability to obtain employment and access education and training locally is important to rural and remote communities.ConclusionTo enhance health career pathways for Aboriginal people, strategies are needed at all levels: community, organisation, system and society. Aboriginal leadership and self‐determination are crucial, as are partnerships within the health sector and between the health and the education and training sectors. Cultural safety is essential to expansion of the Aboriginal workforce, and to health care experiences and outcomes for Aboriginal community members.
Gratitude and depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses: A longitudinal cross‐lagged study
Authors: Hao Yuanyuan , Zhang Linting , Bai Chengzhi , Li Wenjie , Li Chengcheng , Kong Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNurses have a relatively higher rate of depressive symptoms compared to other people. Previous studies have reported that gratitude is correlated with depressive symptoms among healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to explore the causal relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses. We collected data over 4 months, with 393 nurses at Time 1 and 241 at Time 2. All participants completed online questionnaires. We employed the structural equation models to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that gratitude at Time 1 could predict depressive symptoms at Time 2, and depressive symptoms at Time 1 could predict gratitude at Time 2. These results remained significant after controlling for gender, age, education, marital status, professional title, general positive affect, and negative affect. The findings provide initial evidence about the causal relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses. Hospital administrators can intervene in depressive symptoms of nurses by developing gratitude interventions. Furthermore, nurses with lower levels of depressive symptoms feel more grateful.
Risk of early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer disease and related dementia in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Lin Paul , Kamdar Neil , Gonzales Gabriella , Norcott Alexandra , Peterson Mark D 
Published: September 2021

AimTo examine the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) among adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodUsing administrative insurance claims data for 2007 to 2017 in the USA, we identified adults (45y or older) with a diagnosis of CP (n=5176). Adults without a diagnosis of CP were included as a typically developing comparison group (n=1 119 131). Using age, sex, ethnicity, other demographic variables, and a set of chronic morbidities, we propensity‐matched individuals with and without CP (n=5038). Cox survival models were used to estimate ADRD risk within a 3‐year follow up.ResultsThe unadjusted incidence of ADRD was 9 and 2.4 times higher among cohorts of adults 45 to 64 years (1.8%) and 65 years and older (4.8%) with CP than the respective unmatched individuals without CP (0.2% and 2.0% among 45–64y and 65y or older respectively). Fully adjusted survival models indicated that adults with CP had a greater hazard for ADRD (among 45–64y: unmatched hazard ratio 7.48 [95% confidence interval {CI} 6.05–9.25], matched hazard ratio 4.73 [95% CI 2.72–8.29]; among 65y or older: unmatched hazard ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.95–2.51], matched hazard ratio 1.73 [1.39–2.15]).InterpretationClinical guidelines for early screening of cognitive function among individuals with CP need updating, and preventative and/or therapeutic services should be used to reduce the risk of ADRD.
Beyond Academics: How Teachers Flourish through Students' Ethical Education
Authors: Webster Dustin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this essay Dustin Webster argues that it is not the teaching of academics, but instead contributing to the ethical development of students that allows teachers to flourish in their roles. Engaging in what he calls “ethics education” provides intrinsic value that serves a teacher's flourishing as well as adding instrumental value in allowing a teacher to overcome certain crises in their practice. This essay begins by defining the idea of ethics education and how it is this component of education specifically that allows a teacher to flourish. Examples from teachers show that even within their instructional academic roles, it is the ethical components of student development that are most important to them. Lastly, the instrumental value that ethics education holds for teachers in solving dilemmas of justice is discussed.
Theorizing the “Home” in Homeschooling: Pragmatist Analyses of the Family, Education, and Civic Belonging
Authors: Greenwalt Kyle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the past twenty‐five years, homeschooling has been growing in popularity. Conventionally, the actions of homeschoolers are understood as a rejection of the public school — and, by extension, a rejection of participation in the public sphere writ large. Yet such interpretations are made without due attention to the meaning of both “home” and “school” in larger social discourses. This article explores the wisdom of such analyses through an examination of the place and function of home and school in pragmatist views of democracy. Using the thought of John Dewey and Jane Addams, Kyle Greenwalt shows how the relationship between household and school was reconfigured at a key moment in the history of American public education. After demonstrating how this is so, Greenwalt extends his outlook by considering pragmatic thought as it interacts with the Chinese tradition — through the lens of Confucian role ethics. In particular, he argues that Confucian role ethics provides a way of thinking about the family household that emphasizes its civic potential through the promotion of relationships that are fluid, sustainable, and educative. In short, Greenwalt argues for a new way to think about the educative potential of family‐centered, community‐based living.
Cultivating Moral Epiphanies
Authors: Gary Kevin , Chambers Drew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis essay focuses on epiphanies — moments when an insight or revelation captures our attention and summons us to become a better version of ourselves. The role of epiphanies in moral transformation, however, raises a potentially troublesome question. Namely, is the cultivation of epiphanies yet another vexed attempt at moral education? Kevin Gary and Drew Chambers do not think so. Here, they make a case for the cultivation of epiphany as a method for promoting moral insight that avoids the twin sins of provincialism and indoctrination. In making this case, they come to an understanding of what a moral epiphany precisely is by drawing on the work of James Joyce and on recent scholarship that addresses epiphanies and education. After setting the stage, Gary and Chambers turn to an unlikely partnership of Søren Kierkegaard and Paulo Freire. Both thinkers have an interest in transformative education, and both share concerns about pedagogies that compromise human agency. In Kierkegaard, Gary and Chambers find the concept of ethical communication, which enables a learner to self‐actualize vis‐à‐vis the help of another. In Freire, they find a pedagogy that is manifestly nonoppressive and yet takes root in moral awakening. As such, they argue that while no teacher can guarantee a moral epiphany, the attempt to cultivate this experience is both worthwhile and ethically permissible.
Benefit of actively mixing prey in a plant‐inhabiting predatory mite
Authors: Marques Renata V. , Sarmento Renato A. , Pallini Angelo , Oliveira Adriana G. , Ferreira Dara E. S. , Janssen Arne 
Published: September 2021

1. Many animals can actively redress nutrient imbalances in their diet to maximise performance. However, food items are commonly patchily distributed in nature, thus, animals often need to commute between prey patches to mix their diet.2. We previously found that females of two species of predatory mites showed a higher oviposition rate when feeding on a mixture of eggs of co‐occurring phytophagous mites than on each prey separately. Besides, they searched for such a prey mixture on artificial arenas.3. In nature, however, the two prey species are found on different parts of their host plant; hence, the predators need to commute between plant parts to obtain a mixed diet.4. Here, we show that the reproduction of one of these predators was highest on mixtures consisting of various proportions of these prey, and was lower on single diets and on a mixture with a high proportion of one of the two prey. The predators consumed prey eggs in proportions differing from those offered, suggesting that they actively selected prey to obtain a mixed diet.5. We found that the oviposition of the predator was lower on plants inoculated with either of the two prey species alone than on plants on which the eggs of the two prey species occurred on separate leaves of the same plant, forcing the predators to commute between the two prey.6. We conclude that the predators actively searched for a mixed diet consisting of prey that were spatially separated on a plant.
Stridulation is unimportant for effective parental care in two species of burying beetle
Authors: Schrader Matthew , Galanek Jack 
Published: September 2021

1. Communication among family members is often essential for navigating the social and trophic interactions that arise during parental care. In insects, this communication is often accomplished via pheromonal signals. However, some insects also produce acoustic signals (stridulations) during parental care.2. Burying beetles (Nicrophorusspp) audibly stridulate during mating and parental care and several studies have suggested that stridulation is an important form of communication between family members. Experimental studies have generally supported a role of stridulation inNicrophorusparental care: preventing stridulation or changing the vibrational properties of stridulation generally reduces parental performance. However, some of these previous experiments are difficult to interpret and the importance of this form of communication in burying beetles is still unclear.3. Here we describe experiments involving twoNicrophorusspecies (N.vespilloidesandN.orbicollis) in which we used a minimally invasive phenotypic manipulation to test whether stridulation is necessary for effective parental care. Our phenotypic manipulation rendered the both species silent; however, it had no detectable impact on parental performance in either species.4. Our results suggest that stridulation does not play an important role in mating or the coordination of parental care in at least twoNicrophorusspecies, casting doubt upon a long‐assumed function of stridulation in the genus.