bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mite communities (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) in the red belt conk, Fomitopsis pinicola (Polyporales), in Polish forests
Authors: Gdula Anna K. , Skubała Piotr , Zawieja Bogna , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fruiting bodies of bracket fungi are a specific microhabitat colonized by various invertebrates of which mites (Acari) are rarely studied, and if they are, the study is usually faunistic. The aim of the research was to determine whether the diversification of mite assemblages (Mesostigmata, Oribatida) inhabiting the fruiting bodies ofFomitopsis pinicola(Sw.) P. Karst. (Polyporales) are connected with the character of the forests and/or the degree of decay (DD) of the fruiting bodies. The research was conducted at Białowieża National Park (BNP), in forests close to natural ones and in Karkonosze National Park (KNP) which was affected by a large-scale forest dieback in the 1980s. Eighty fruiting bodies (40 at each study site) ofF. pinicolabelonging to four DD categories were collected. In total, 4,345 individuals of 120 mite species were recorded at BNP, and 13,912 individuals of 96 species were recorded at KNP. Analyses revealed that the sample dispersion at each study site was comparable, nevertheless the samples from each study site were clearly grouped into slightly overlapping sets which allow observation of the differences between them. In the less decayed fungi (DD 1 and 2) there were fewer mite species and individual mites than in the more decayed samples (DD 3 and 4). There were also significant differences between the fauna of the fungi in each particular DD: the fauna of DD 1 differed from all others, whereas the fauna of heavily decayed fungi (DD 3 and 4) was more comparable.
Impact of breast cancer risk factors on clinically relevant prognostic biomarkers for primary breast cancer
Authors: Abubakar Mustapha , Guo Changyuan , Koka Hela , Zhu Bin , Deng Joseph , Hu Nan , Zhou Bin , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Lu Ning , Yang Xiaohong R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In addition to impacting incidence, risk factors for breast cancer may also influence recurrence and survival from the disease. However, it is unclear how these factors affect combinatorial biomarkers for aiding treatment decision-making in breast cancer.

Methods
Patients were 8179 women with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer, diagnosed and treated in a large cancer hospital in Beijing, China. Individual clinicopathological (tumor size, grade, lymph nodes) and immunohistochemical (IHC: ER, PR, HER2, KI67) markers were used to define clinically relevant combinatorial prognostic biomarkers, including the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI: combining size, grade, nodes) and IHC4 score (combining ER, PR, HER2, KI67). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between breast cancer risk factors and quartiles (Q1–Q4) of NPI and IHC4 were assessed in multivariable polytomous logistic regression models.

Results
Overall, increasing parity (ORtrend(95% CI) = 1.20(1.05–1.37);Ptrend = 0.007), overweight (OR(95% CI)vs normal = 1.60(1.29–1.98)), and obesity (OR(95% CI) vs normal = 2.12(1.43–3.14)) were associated with higher likelihood of developing tumors with high (Q4) versus low (Q1) NPI score. Conversely, increasing age (ORtrend(95% CI) = 0.75(0.66–0.84);Ptrend < 0.001) and positive family history of breast cancer (FHBC) (OR(95% CI) = 0.66(0.45–0.95)) were inversely associated with NPI. Only body mass index (BMI) was associated with IHC4, with overweight (OR(95% CI) vs normal = 0.82(0.66–1.02)) and obese (OR(95% CI) vs normal = 0.52(0.36–0.76)) women less likely to develop high IHC4 tumors. Notably, elevated BMI was associated with higher NPI irrespective of hormone receptor-expression status.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that factors affecting breast cancer incidence, particularly age, parity, FHBC, and BMI, may impact clinically relevant prognostic biomarkers with implications for surveillance, prognostication, and counseling.
Initial Maintenance of Attention to Threat in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder? Findings from an Eye-Tracking Experiment
Authors: Schmidtendorf Steffen , Herwig Arvid , Wiedau Susanne , Asbrand Julia , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Attentional biases are assumed to be a core feature in the etiology and maintenance of clinical anxiety. The present study focuses on initial maintenance of attention to threat, one of three attentional components investigated the least, particularly in child anxiety.

Methods
Angry and neutral facial expressions were presented in a free-viewing task, while eye-movements were recorded. Participants were N = 96 school-aged children, with n = 50 children with a clinical social anxiety disorder (SAD) and n = 46 healthy control children (HC). Prior to the task, social stress was induced in half of participating children to investigate the impact of increased levels of distress on initial attention allocation.

Results
The length of first fixation to angry faces in children with SAD neither differed from the length of first fixation to neutral faces nor the length of first fixation to angry faces in HC children. Furthermore, this variable was not affected by a stress induction procedure. However, children with SAD initially fixated longer on faces than HC children.

Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence for difficulties disengaging attention from faces. This may indicate that attention allocation is determined by the social nature of the stimuli rather than by the specific emotional valence.
Refractive outcome and tomographic changes after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty in pseudophakic eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy
Authors: Agha Bishr , Ahmad Nura , Dawson Daniel G. , Kohnen Thomas , Schmack Ingo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze refractive and topographic changes secondary to Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in pseudophakic eyes with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy (FED).

Methods
Eighty-seven pseudophakic eyes of 74 patients who underwent subsequent DMEK surgery for corneal endothelial decompensation and associated visual impairment were included. Median post-operative follow-up time was 12 months (range: 3–26 months). Main outcome measures were pre- and post-operative manifest refraction, anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism, simulated keratometry (CASimK) and Q value obtained by Scheimpflug imaging. Secondary outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central corneal densitometry, central corneal thickness, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD).

Results
After DMEK surgery, mean pre-operative spherical equivalent (± SD) changed from + 0.04 ± 1.73 D to + 0.37 ± 1.30 D post-operatively (p = 0.06). CDVA, proportion of emmetropic eyes, ACV and ACD increased significantly during follow-up. There was also a significant decrease in posterior corneal astigmatism, central corneal densitometry, central corneal thickness and corneal volume over time (p = 0.001). Only anterior corneal astigmatism and simulated keratometry (CASimK) remained fairly stable after DMEK.

Conclusion
Despite tendencies toward a hyperopic shift, changes in SE were not significant and refraction remained overall stable in pseudophakic patients undergoing DMEK for FED. Analysis of corneal parameters by Scheimpflug imaging mainly revealed changes in posterior corneal astigmatism pointing out the relevance of posterior corneal profile changes during edema resolution after DMEK.
Accelerating AI Adoption with Responsible AI Signals and Employee Engagement Mechanisms in Health Care
Authors: Wang Weisha , Chen Long , Xiong Mengran , Wang Yichuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) technology is transforming the healthcare sector. However, despite this, the associated ethical implications remain open to debate. This research investigates how signals of AI responsibility impact healthcare practitioners’ attitudes toward AI, satisfaction with AI, AI usage intentions, including the underlying mechanisms. Our research outlines autonomy, beneficence, explainability, justice, and non-maleficence as the five key signals of AI responsibility for healthcare practitioners. The findings reveal that these five signals significantly increase healthcare practitioners’ engagement, which subsequently leads to more favourable attitudes, greater satisfaction, and higher usage intentions with AI technology. Moreover, ‘techno-overload’ as a primary ‘techno-stressor’ moderates the mediating effect of engagement on the relationship between AI justice and behavioural and attitudinal outcomes. When healthcare practitioners perceive AI technology as adding extra workload, such techno-overload will undermine the importance of the justice signal and subsequently affect their attitudes, satisfaction, and usage intentions with AI technology.
Evaluating sedimentary DNA for tracing changes in cyanobacteria dynamics from sediments spanning the last 350 years of Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany
Authors: Nwosu Ebuka C. , Brauer Achim , Kaiser Jérôme , Horn Fabian , Wagner Dirk , Liebner Susanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the Anthropocene, lacustrine biodiversity has been influenced by climate change and human activities. These factors advance the spread of harmful cyanobacteria in lakes around the world, which affects water quality and impairs the aquatic food chain. In this study, we assessed changes in cyanobacterial community dynamics via sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) from well-dated lake sediments of Lake Tiefer See, which is part of the Klocksin Lake Chain spanning the last 350 years. Our diversity and community analysis revealed that cyanobacterial communities form clusters according to the presence or absence of varves. Based on distance-based redundancy and variation partitioning analyses (dbRDA and VPA) we identified that intensified lake circulation inferred from vegetation openness reconstructions, δ13C data (a proxy for varve preservation) and total nitrogen content were abiotic factors that significantly explained the variation in the reconstructed cyanobacterial community from Lake Tiefer See sediments. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Microcystis sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. were identified as potential eutrophication-driven taxa of growing importance since circa common era (ca. CE) 1920 till present. This result is corroborated by a cyanobacteria lipid biomarker analysis. Furthermore, we suggest that stronger lake circulation as indicated by non-varved sediments favoured the deposition of the non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria sister clade Sericytochromatia, whereas lake bottom anoxia as indicated by subrecent- and recent varves favoured the Melainabacteria in sediments. Our findings highlight the potential of high-resolution amplicon sequencing in investigating the dynamics of past cyanobacterial communities in lake sediments and show that lake circulation, anoxic conditions, and human-induced eutrophication are main factors explaining variations in the cyanobacteria community in Lake Tiefer See during the last 350 years.
Pseudocrossidium replicatum (Taylor) R.H. Zander is a fully desiccation-tolerant moss that expresses an inducible molecular mechanism in response to severe abiotic stress
Authors: Ríos-Meléndez Selma , Valadez-Hernández Emmanuel , Delgadillo Claudio , Luna-Guevara Maria L. , Martínez-Núñez Mario A. , Sánchez-Pérez Mishael , Martínez-y-Pérez José L. , Arroyo-Becerra Analilia , Cárdenas Luis , Bibbins-Martínez Martha , Maldonado-Mendoza Ignacio E. , Villalobos-López Miguel Angel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message
The moss Pseudocrossidium replicatum is a desiccation-tolerant species that uses an inducible system to withstand severe abiotic stress in both protonemal and gametophore tissues.

Abstract
Desiccation tolerance (DT) is the ability of cells to recover from an air-dried state. Here, the moss Pseudocrossidium replicatum was identified as a fully desiccation-tolerant (FDT) species. Its gametophores rapidly lost more than 90% of their water content when exposed to a low-humidity atmosphere [23% relative humidity (RH)], but abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment diminished the final water loss after equilibrium was reached. P. replicatum gametophores maintained good maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm) for up to two hours during slow dehydration; however, ABA pretreatment induced a faster decrease in the Fv/Fm. ABA also induced a faster recovery of the Fv/Fm after rehydration. Protein synthesis inhibitor treatment before dehydration hampered the recovery of the Fv/Fm when the gametophores were rehydrated after desiccation, suggesting the presence of an inducible protective mechanism that is activated in response to abiotic stress. This observation was also supported by accumulation of soluble sugars in gametophores exposed to ABA or NaCl. Exogenous ABA treatment delayed the germination of P. replicatum spores and induced morphological changes in protonemal cells that resembled brachycytes. Transcriptome analyses revealed the presence of an inducible molecular mechanism in P. replicatum protonemata that was activated in response to dehydration. This study is the first RNA-Seq study of the protonemal tissues of an FDT moss. Our results suggest that P. replicatum is an FDT moss equipped with an inducible molecular response that prepares this species for severe abiotic stress and that ABA plays an important role in this response.
Improved inference for areal unit count data using graph-based optimisation
Authors: Lee Duncan , Meeks Kitty , Pettersson William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpatio-temporal count data relating to a set of non-overlapping areal units are prevalent in many fields, including epidemiology and social science. The spatial autocorrelation inherent in these data is typically modelled by a set of random effects that are assigned a conditional autoregressive prior distribution, which is a special case of a Gaussian Markov random field. The autocorrelation structure implied by this model depends on a binary neighbourhood matrix, where two random effects are assumed to be partially autocorrelated if their areal units share a common border, and are conditionally independent otherwise. This paper proposes a novel graph-based optimisation algorithm for estimating either a static or a temporally varying neighbourhood matrix for the data that better represents its spatial correlation structure, by viewing the areal units as the vertices of a graph and the neighbour relations as the set of edges. The improved estimation performance of our methodology compared to the commonly used border sharing rule is evidenced by simulation, before the method is applied to a new respiratory disease surveillance study in Scotland between 2011 and 2017.
The strong arm of the law: a unified account of necessary and contingent laws of nature
Authors: Hirèche Salim , Linnemann Niels , Michels Robert , Vogt Lisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA common feature of all standard theories of the laws of nature is that they are ‘absolutist’: They take laws to be eitherallmetaphysically necessary orallcontingent. Science, however, gives us reason to think that there are laws of both kinds, suggesting that standard theories should make way for ‘non-absolutist’ alternatives: theories which accommodate laws of both modal statuses. In this paper, we set out three explanatory challenges for any candidate non-absolutist theory, and discuss the prospects of the two extant candidates in light of these challenges. We then develop our own non-absolutist theory, the essentialist DTA account, which combines the nomic-necessitation or DTA account with an essentialist approach to metaphysical modality in order to meet the three explanatory challenges. Finally, we argue that the distinction between kinematical and dynamical laws found in physical theories supports both non-absolutism in general and our proposed essentialist DTA view in particular.
Megarian Variable Actualism
Authors: Friend Toby 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMegarian Actualism is the denial of unmanifesting powers. Aristotle called such a view ‘buffoonery’ and dispositionalists have provided compelling reasons for the contrary platitude that powers need not manifest. Even so, drawing on extant treatments of quantitative powers I’ll suggest that many of the powers which feature in quantitative lawlike equations are plausibly interpreted as Megarian. This is because the powers described by such equations are best understood as being directed towards all the values of exhaustive manifestation variables. I’ll discuss the prospects for generalising these Megarian characteristics to powers not typically represented in strict quantitative terms. The result will be a strong basis for a scientifically informed and plausible dispositionalist account: Megarian Variable Actualism.
An Assessment of Analytical Liquidus Equations for Fe-C-Si-Mn-Al-P-Alloyed Steels Using DSC/DTA Techniques
Authors: Bernhard Michael , Presoly Peter , Bernhard Christian , Hahn Susanne , Ilie Sergiu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Analytical liquidus equations were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Results of 180 measurements in the Fe-C-Si-Mn-Al-P subsystems were considered, where the experimental methodology was demonstrated for four alloys in the Fe-Si-Mn-Al system. Excellent agreement between the DSC/DTA dataset and the most recently published equation was found (error 2.1 ± 1.6 °C). For this equation, suggested modifications of phosphorus parameters will help to improve calculations for P-alloyed steels.
Soziale Arbeit und Krise
Authors: Richter Martina , Sufryd Katharina , Wittfeld Meike 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bezeichnung eines gesellschaftlichen Phänomens als Krise ist wirkmächtig. Durch die Klassifizierung wird ein Handlungsdruck markiert, der sowohl produktiv als auch hinderlich sein kann. Die Soziale Arbeit als Disziplin und Profession ist Teil der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse, in denen Krisen entstehen und bearbeitet werden. Im vorliegenden Schwerpunkt wird diese Eingebundenheit theoretisch-systematisierend entfaltet und zudem für drei ausgesuchte Arbeitsfelder der Sozialen Arbeit reflektiert.
Chinese organized crime and the illegal wildlife trade: diversification and outsourcing in the Golden Triangle
Authors: van Uhm Daan P. , Wong Rebecca W. Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe illegal wildlife trade has increasingly been linked to organized crime in recent years. In particular, Chinese crime groups seem to be major players in more organized forms of this trade. This article examines the involvement of Chinese organized crime groups in the trade of wildlife in the borderlands of the Golden Triangle. We will discuss the representation of Chinese crime groups in the illegal wildlife trade by looking at: a) the diversification of these crime groups into wildlife crimes and b) the outsourcing of activities to local opportunistic crime groups in neighboring Laos and Myanmar. We conclude that the different representations of Chinese crime groups overseas involved in the illegal wildlife trade are important in order to understand the roles of diversification and outsourcing.
Housing for Refugees in Sweden: Top-Down Governance and its Local Reactions
Authors: Emilsson Henrik , Öberg Klara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we investigate local level reactions to the top-down state steering for the housing of refugees in Sweden. We especially reflect on events after the increased refugee reception in Sweden in 2015 and the introduction of a Settlement Act in 2016 which made it mandatory for municipalities to receive a specific number of refugees and organise accommodation. This has resulted in a wide array of housing situations for refugees concerning standard, costs and temporary solutions. A multi-level governance framework from on central government steering perspective is applied. We argue that the modified legislation can be understood as a change in governance throughout the years — from persuasion to economic incentives and, finally, to coercive methods. Sweden is a country that has distinguished itself as one refraining from particularity and continuing to work towards equality between newcomers and citizens. In relation to recent legal and political developments, we identify a change — a paradoxical change, as governance for the more-equal reception of refugees in Sweden seems to lead to increased inequalities for refugees on the local level.
Increasing Hydroperiod in a Karst-depression Wetland Based on 165 Years of Simulated Daily Water Levels
Authors: Cartwright Jennifer M. , Wolfe William J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hydrology of seasonally inundated depression wetlands can be highly sensitive to climatic fluctuations. Hydroperiod—the number of days per year that a wetland is inundated—is often of primary ecological importance in these systems and can vary interannually depending on climate conditions. In this study we re-examined an existing hydrologic model to simulate daily water levels in Sinking Pond, a 35-hectare seasonally inundated karst-depression wetland in Tennessee, USA. We recalibrated the model using 22 years of climate and water-level observations and used the recalibrated model to reconstruct (hindcast) daily water levels over a 165-year period from 1855 to 2019. A trend analysis of the climatic data and reconstructed water levels over the hindcasting period indicated substantial increases in pond hydroperiod over time, apparently related to increasing regional precipitation. Wetland hydroperiod increased on average by 5.9 days per decade between 1920 and 2019, with a breakpoint around the year 1970. Hydroperiod changes of this magnitude may have profound consequences for wetland ecology, such as a transition from a forested wetland to a mostly open-water pond at the Sinking Pond site. More broadly, this study illustrates the needs for robust hydrologic models of depression wetlands and for consideration of model transferability in time (i.e., hindcasting and forecasting) under non-stationary hydroclimatic conditions. As climate change is expected to influence water cycles, hydrologic processes, and wetland ecohydrology in the coming decades, hydrologic model projections may become increasingly important to detect, anticipate, and potentially mitigate ecological impacts in depression wetland ecosystems.