bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved die assembly for gas‐assisted sheet extrusion using different up and down gas layer thicknesses
Authors: Jiang Shiyu , Liu Hesheng , Huang Xingyuan , Yu Zhong , Wang Ruizhe , Shangguan Yuanshuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGas‐assisted sheet extrusion is a promising and environment‐friendly method used in polymer processing. Insufficient gas intake due to the adherence of the polymer melt to the inlet gap is a disadvantage of the method. Therefore, in this study an improved die assembly with parallel gas intake was designed. As the melt is prone to falling at the die exit during the horizontal extrusion process, different thickness settings are used for the up and down gas layers (0.25 and 0.75 mm, respectively) to avoid this. For the improved die assembly, the gas inlet pressure may be varied systematically to study the mechanism of stable sheet extrusion. When the gas inlet pressure is 0.1 MPa, the melt can be extruded smoothly, and the extruded sheet surface is transparent and flat. However, when the optimum pressure is exceeded, the extruded sheet becomes twisted or even broken.
Carbon Dots and Stability of Their Optical Properties
Authors: Javed Nasir , O'Carroll Deirdre M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are a new class of materials which have been extensively studied due to their unique optical properties, low toxicity, and abundance of raw materials to synthesize them. In this minireview, it is highlighted that the stability of the optical properties of CDs is an important aspect that has received very little attention. While CDs are usually considered to be photostable, several recent reports show they are prone to photobleaching. Studies of blinking, photobleaching, and photoswitching of CDs are reviewed here. It is noted that there is a lack of systematic studies about the photostability of CDs, and efforts are needed to further study this aspect. Furthermore, it is observed that the stability of CDs is somewhat related to their photoluminescence quantum yield, excitation dependence of PL emission, precursor, and synthesis method used to produce CDs.
Antibiotic resistance lessons for the herbicide resistance crisis
Authors: Haywood Joel , Vadlamani Grishma , Stubbs Keith A , Mylne Joshua S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe challenges of resistance to antibiotics and resistance to herbicides have much in common. Antibiotic resistance became a risk in the 1950s, but a concerted global effort to manage it did not begin until after 2000. Widespread herbicide use began during the 1950s and was soon followed by an unabated rise in resistance. Here, we examine what lessons for combatting herbicide resistance could be learnt from the global, coordinated efforts of all stakeholders to avert the antibiotic resistance crisis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiple infected lung bullae associated with Mycobacterium intracellulare in a Japanese man
Authors: Kodama Tatsuya , Kurokawa Atsushi , Kokuto Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMycobacterium avium complex (MAC)‐infected lung bulla was a rare type of pulmonary non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. A 29‐year‐old man with a history of tetralogy of Fallot was admitted to our hospital because of a high fever and left chest pain. Chest computed tomography showed two bullae with intrabullous fluid in both the lower lobes and centrilobular small nodular shadow in the right upper lobe and the left lower lobe. Culture of bronchoscopic washing specimen from the right upper lobe bronchus and left lower lobe one and purulent fluid drained from the bulla in the left lower lobe revealed Mycobacterium intracellulare. Percutaneous drainage from the left bulla and anti‐NTM treatment were performed. Afterwards, symptoms improved and two intrabullous fluid disappeared. Therefore, a diagnosis of multiple infected lung bullae associated with M. intracellulare was made. This is the first documented case of multiple infected lung bullae associated with MAC.
K2S2O8‐Mediated Oxysulfonylation of Vinyl Azides with Sodium Sulfinates to Access β‐Keto Sulfones in Water
Authors: Luo Mengqiang , Ren Xiaorong , Shen Runpu , Qi Chenze , Zhang Yaohong , Wang Hai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith water as solvent, K2S2O8 mediated facile and efficient synthesis of β‐keto sulfones through oxysulfonylation of vinyl azides with sodium sulfinates is described. The novel procedure has the advantages of being environmentally benign, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, easy and simple operation, wide tolerance of functional groups, which establish the practical application of this methodology.
Preparation of Activated Carbon Fibers‐α‐FeOOH as a High‐performance Heterogeneous Fenton‐like Catalyst for Efficient Removal of Hydrotropic Lignin Model Compound
Authors: An Junjian , Hu Chenyan , Wang Yin , Jin Yi , Zhang Jian , Yuan Shiju , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractACF‐α‐FeOOH composite material was prepared by ultrasound‐assisted hydrothermal in‐situ synthesis method and evaluated as a highly efficient heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalyst. The ACF‐α‐FeOOH composite exhibited much stronger adsorption ability to hydrotropic lignin model pollutant (syringic acid) than that of α‐FeOOH, which may be due to the higher specific surface area (ACF‐α‐FeOOH: 133.15 m2 g−1>α‐FeOOH: 18.77 m2 g−1). The composite exhibited excellent heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysis activity, being influenced by the solution pH value and the proportions of α‐FeOOH and ACF. Under optimal conditions, the ACF‐α‐FeOOH composite yielded fast degradation of syringic acid with an apparent rate constant of 0.151 min−1, which were 3.97 and 33.56 folds of that achieved by using α‐FeOOH and the mixture of α‐FeOOH and ACF, respectively. And syringic acid was finally degraded to small molecules in the above reactive system due to the strong catalytic ability of the composite. The significantly enhanced heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalytic properties of the ACF‐α‐FeOOH composite in comparison with that of α‐FeOOH was attributed to smaller catalyst particle size, much increased adsorption capacity and the mass transfer of radical species between the catalyst and pollutants.
Nanocarrier‐delivered small interfering RNA for chemoresistant ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Zou Mingyuan , Du Yue , Liu Ruizhen , Zheng Zeliang , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer‐related death in women in the United States. Because success in early screening is limited, and most patients with advanced disease develop resistance to multiple treatment modalities, the overall prognosis of ovarian cancer is poor. Despite the revolutionary role of surgery and chemotherapy in curing ovarian cancer, recurrence remains a major challenge in treatment. Thus, improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is essential for developing more effective treatments. In this review, we analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to chemotherapy resistance. We discuss the clinical benefits and potential challenges of using nanocarrier‐delivered small interfering RNA to treat chemotherapy‐resistant ovarian cancer. We aim to elicit collaborative studies on nanocarrier‐delivered small interfering RNA to improve the long‐term survival rate and quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer.This article is categorized under:
RNA Methods > RNA Nanotechnology
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Two‐grid method for miscible displacement problem with dispersion by finite element method of characteristics
Authors: Chen Yanping , Hu Hanzhang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA combined method consisting of the mixed finite element method for the pressure equation and finite element method with characteristics for the concentration equation is proposed to solve the coupled system of incompressible two‐phase flow in porous media. Two‐grid algorithm based on the Newton iteration method is developed and analyzed for the nonlinear coupled system. It is shown, both theoretically and numerically, that our schemes are efficient and achieve asymptotically optimal accuracy as long as the mesh sizes satisfy .
Smart Proxy Modeling of a Fractured Reservoir Model for Production Optimization: Implementation of Metaheuristic Algorithm and Probabilistic Application
Authors: Ng Cuthbert Shang Wui , Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi Ashkan , Nait Amar Menad , Torsæter Ole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNumerical reservoir simulation has been recognized as one of the most frequently used aids in reservoir management. Despite having high calculability performance, it presents an acute shortcoming, namely the long computational time induced by the complexities of reservoir models. This situation applies aptly in the modeling of fractured reservoirs because these reservoirs are strongly heterogeneous. Therefore, the domains of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) were used to alleviate this computational challenge by creating a new class of reservoir modeling, namely smart proxy modeling (SPM). SPM is a ML approach that requires a spatio-temporal database extracted from the numerical simulation to be built. In this study, we demonstrate the procedures of SPM based on a synthetic fractured reservoir model, which is a representation of dual-porosity dual-permeability model. The applied ML technique for SPM is artificial neural network. We then present the application of the smart proxies in production optimization to illustrate its practicality. Apart from applying the backpropagation algorithms, we implemented particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is one of the metaheuristic algorithms, to build the SPM. We also propose an additional procedure in SPM by integrating the probabilistic application to examine the overall performance of the smart proxies. In this work, we inferred that the PSO had a higher chance to improve the reliability of smart proxies with excellent training results and predictive performance compared with the considered backpropagation approaches.
A Case Report of Chondrosarcoma of Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Ampu Hage , Singh Tanya , Kumar Sunil , Singh H. P. , Bhalla Shalini 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this case report we describe a rare case of chondrosarcoma of the Temporomandibular joint in a 70 years old female who presented with a right preauricular swelling, trismus and neuralgic pain. On examination, firm and tender swelling was noted in the right preauricular region. CT Scan revealed 3.48 × 3.0 cm size mass lesion in the region of mandibular condyle and extending into the right temporomandibular joint space. The cytopathological report was suggestive of chondroid malignancy. The tumor was excised and histopathological examination showed large sheets of atypical tumor cells with cartilaginous matrix and diagnosis of a well differentiated Chondrosarcoma was confirmed. Post-surgical resection, patient remains disease free at 15 months follow up.
Optimization Strategies for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Fuels
Authors: Ling Yangfang , Ma Qinglang , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCapturing CO2from the atmosphere and converting it into fuels are an efficient strategy to stop the deteriorating greenhouse effect and alleviate the energy crisis. Among various CO2conversion approaches, electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) has received extensive attention because of its mild operating conditions. However, the high onset potential, low selectivity toward multi-carbon products and poor cruising ability of CO2RR impede its development. To regulate product distribution, previous studies performed electrocatalyst modification using several universal methods, including composition manipulation, morphology control, surface modification, and defect engineering. Recent studies have revealed that the cathode and electrolytes influence the selectivity of CO2RR via pH changes and ionic effects, or by directly participating in the reduction pathway as cocatalysts. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art optimization strategies to efficiently enhance CO2RR selectivity from two main aspects, namely the cathode electrocatalyst and the electrolyte.
Geochemical evaluation of the carbonaceous shale of the upper cretaceous Anambra Basin for potential gas generation, Nigeria
Authors: Akintola George Oluwole , Ikhane Phillips Reuben , Amponsah-Dacosta Francis , Adeagbo Ayoade Festus , Mhlongo Sphiwe Emmanuel , Edokpayi Joshua Nosa , Oladipo Vincent Olajide , Jegede Ademola Oluborode , Akintola Akintunde Isaac , Adebisi Niyiola Olaonipekun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rise in demand for natural gas has spurred the need to investigate the inland sedimentary basin for more potential sources. In response, the petrophysical parameters of the carbonaceous shale samples from two deep boreholes of Anambra Basin were evaluated. The gas-prone nature of Nkporo shale showed a thermal evolution of a Type III kerogen with initial HI value between 650 and 800 mgHC/gTOC, S2/S3 < 1, a maximum Tmax value of 488°C and have a low hydrocarbon generation potential ranging from 0.07 to 0.15. However, the average TOC content (2.21 wt%) indicated a good source rocks for hydrocarbon since it exceeds threshold limit of 0.5%. The plot of HI against Tmax shows that the organic matter belongs to the Type-III kerogen which reflects the capability of the Npkoro Formation to generate more natural gas than oil compared to Type-II kerogen. The high values (>3) of pristane/phytane ratio in both wells indicated that the organic matter belongs to terrigenous source deposited under anoxic condition which is typical of non-marine shale. The presence of Oleanane content in the Cretaceous shale sediments indicated the contribution of cell wall and woody plant tissues from the terrestrial higher plant. The low concentrations of extractable organic matter (EOM) present in form of isoprenoid and aliphatic hydrocarbon indicated little or no bitumen extract from the studied shale. Considering the high carbon preference indices (CPI) value greater than 1, the preponderance of vitrinite organic macerals and other favourable aforementioned petrophysical parameters, the non-marine Npkoro Shale Basin has significant potential to generate and expel natural gas apart from the current marine basins.
Anti-inflammatory effects of diet and caloric restriction in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Montefusco L. , D’Addio F. , Loretelli C. , Ben Nasr M. , Garziano M. , Rossi A. , Pastore I. , Plebani L. , Lunati M. E. , Bolla A. M. , Porta M. D. , Piuri G. , Rocchio F. , Abdelsalam A. , Assi E. , Barichella M. , Maestroni A. , Usuelli V. , Loreggian L. , Muzio F. , Zuccotti G. V. , Cazzola R. , Fiorina P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome has positive effects on cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks, but its effects on peripheral cytokines and lipid profiles in patients are still unclear.AimTo determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss on metabolic parameters, lipids and cytokine profiles.MethodsEighteen adult males with metabolic syndrome (defined according to IDF 2009) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m2were subjected to a balanced hypocaloric diet for 6 months to reach at least a 5% body weight loss.ResultsAfter weight loss, a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, insulin, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was observed. The analysis of LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) lipoproteins showed a change in their composition with a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDL to LDL. This was associated with a significant reduction in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MIP-1β, leading to an overall decreased inflammatory score. An interesting positive correlation was also observed among peripheral cytokines levels after diet and peripheral levels of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), an enzyme with a key role in lipid change.ConclusionWeight loss through caloric restriction is associated with an improvement in peripheral lipid and cytokine profiles that may play a major role in improving cardiovascular risk.Graphic abstract
Product-harm crisis intelligent warning system design based on fine-grained sentiment analysis of automobile complaints
Authors: Hu Haiju , Wei Yonghui , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the huge losses caused by product-harm crises and subsequent recalls in the automobile industry, companies must urgently design a product-harm crisis warning system. However, the designs of existing warning systems use the recurrent neural network algorithm, which suffers from gradient disappearance and gradient explosion issues. To compensate for these defects, this study uses a long and short-term memory algorithm to achieve a final prediction accuracy of 90%. This study contributes to the research and design of automatic crisis warning systems by considering sentiment and improving the accuracy of automobile product-harm crisis prediction.
Psychiatrists and homicidal threats: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elzain Musaab , Bashir Ahmed , Moloney Noreen , Dunne Colum P. , Kelly Brendan D. , Gulati Gautam 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:To investigate the frequency, characteristics and impact of death threats by patients towards psychiatrists.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of psychiatrists (n = 60) was undertaken to investigate the frequency, characteristics and impact of death threats by patients in one Irish healthcare region serving a mixed urban–rural population of 470,000.Results:Forty-nine responses (82%) were received. Thirty-one per cent of respondents experienced death threats by patients during their careers. Victims were more likely to be male and in a consultant role. Patients making the threats were more likely to be males aged 30–60 with a history of violence and diagnosis of personality disorder and/or substance misuse. A majority of threats occurred in outpatient settings and identified a specific method of killing, usually by stabbing. Prosecution of the perpetrator was uncommon. Of the victimised psychiatrists, 53% reported that such threats affected their personal lives, and 67% believed their professional lives were impacted. In half of the incidents, there were adverse incidents subsequent to the threats, involving either the patient or the clinician.Conclusions:Death threats by patients have significant psychological and professional impacts on psychiatrists. Early liaison with employers and police and transferring the care of the patient to another clinician may be useful measures.
RADIOCARBON DATES FROM THE MONASTERY ON KOM H IN OLD DONGOLA (SUDAN) AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL NUBIAN POTTERY
Authors: Dzierzbicka Dorota , Danys Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe paper presents and discusses a series of radiocarbon (14C) dates from a medieval Nubian monastery found on Kom H of Old Dongola, the capital of the kingdom of Makuria located in modern-day Sudan. The monastery was founded in the 6th–7th century AD and although it probably ceased to function in the 14th century, the site remained occupied until the beginning of the 15th century. The investigated courtyard of the monastery was in use from the 11th to the 14th century, as indicated by the ceramics and 14C analysis results presented here. The dates under consideration are the first published series of 14C dates from this site, which is of crucial importance for historical research on medieval Nubian Christianity and monasticism. They permit to begin building an absolute chronological framework for research on the archaeological finds from the site and region. A group of finds in particular need of such a framework are ceramics, and the implications of the 14C dates for pottery assemblages found in the dated contexts are discussed. The conclusions summarize the significance of the datings for the history of the site.
Modelling the temporal interplay between stress and affective disturbances in pathways to psychosis: an experience sampling study
Authors: Klippel Annelie , Schick Anita , Myin-Germeys Inez , Rauschenberg Christian , Vaessen Thomas , Reininghaus Ulrich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis.MethodsThe Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions.ResultsEvidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa.ConclusionsOur findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
The methodology of the research on language aptitude: A systematic review
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Zhao Huijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of the methods utilized in studies investigating the role of language aptitude in second language acquisition (SLA). The synthesis is informed by sixty-five studies generated by a thorough search of the literature, three meta-analyses (Li, 2015, 2016, 2017), and a thematic issue ofStudies in Second Language Acquisition(Li & DeKeyser, in press). The synthesis starts by identifying three categories of research investigating the role of aptitude in naturalistic learning, aptitude's associations with instructed learning, and the nature of aptitude pertaining to whether it increases with age and learning experience and how it is connected to other individual difference variables. The synthesis then presents an overview and critique of major measures of aptitude and discusses the construct validity of aptitude measures based on the principles of psychometric assessments. Specifically, the measures are scrutinized along the dimensions of reliability, content validity, divergent/convergent validity, and predictive validity. The content and measurement of implicit aptitude—a newly emerged construct in SLA—are highlighted. The synthesis proceeds to summarize and vet the measures of the outcome variable of aptitude research—L2 proficiency. Throughout the synthesis, methodological features are summarized, issues are identified, and remedies are proposed.
Successful surgical management of cyanotic congenital heart disease complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Goto Takeru , Takeda Atsuhito , Tachibana Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPulmonary aspergillosis associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease is a rare condition, which is known to have a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 21-year-old woman with truncus arteriosus and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries who underwent primary Rastelli procedure after thoracoscopic lobectomy for the management of progressive pulmonary aspergillosis.