bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Immigrants: Insights From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Koirala Binu , Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma , Baptiste Diana , Koirala Bibhu , Francis Lucine , Davidson Patricia , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne 
Published: June 2021

Background
The Asian population is the fastest‐growing immigrant population in the United States. Prior studies have examined the Asian immigrant population as a homogenous group. We hypothesized that there will be heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrant subgroups (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Asia) compared with the non‐Hispanic White population.

Methods and Results
A cross‐sectional analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 508 941 adults who were born in Asian regions or were non‐Hispanic White and born in the United States. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were fitted to compare the prevalence of self‐reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and current smoking among Asian immigrants compared with White adults, adjusting for known confounders. We included 33 973 Asian immigrants from Southeast Asia (45%), Asia (29%), the Indian subcontinent (26%), and 474 968 White adults. Compared with non‐Hispanic White adults, Indian subcontinent immigrants had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (prevalence ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19–1.25); Southeast Asian immigrants had the highest prevalence of high cholesterol (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23); Indian subcontinent (prevalence ratio, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49–1.93) and Southeast Asian (prevalence ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26–1.52) immigrants had a higher prevalence of diabetes. All Asian immigrant subgroups were more likely to be physically inactive and less likely to smoke than White adults.

Conclusions
We observed significant heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease risk factors among Asian immigrants and a varied prevalence of risk factors compared with non‐Hispanic White adults. Providers caring for Asian immigrants should provide tailored and culturally informed care to improve the cardiovascular health of this diverse group.
Spenser’s View and the Production of Political Knowledge in Elizabethan England
Authors: Popper Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the View as an example of knowledge production, rather than plumbing it for representation or ideology as scholars have traditionally done. Tracing the process of construction, sources, and generic conventions that Spenser wielded not only illuminates some of the more curious elements of the View, but also reveals his practices and motivations for it. As this article suggests, such an approach reinforces the idea that Spenser designed the View as an appeal for the patronage and support of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by modeling specific forms of expertise and counsel characteristic of the Essex circle.
The Experimental Warning Program of NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed
Authors: Calhoun Kristin M. , Berry Kodi L. , Kingfield Darrel M. , Meyer Tiffany , Krocak Makenzie J. , Smith Travis M. , Stumpf Greg , Gerard Alan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) is a physical space and research framework to foster collaboration and evaluate emerging tools, technology, and products for NWS operations. The HWT’s Experimental Warning Program (EWP) focuses on research, technology, and communication that may improve severe and hazardous weather warnings and societal response. The EWP was established with three fundamental hypotheses: 1) collaboration with operational meteorologists increases the speed of the transition process and rate of adoption of beneficial applications and technology, 2) the transition of knowledge between research and operations benefits both the research and operational communities, and 3) including end users in experiments generates outcomes that are more reliable and useful for society. The EWP is designed to mimic the operations of any NWS Forecast Office, providing the opportunity for experiments to leverage live and archived severe weather activity anywhere in the United States. During the first decade of activity in the EWP, 15 experiments covered topics including new radar and satellite applications, storm-scale numerical models and data assimilation, total lightning use in severe weather forecasting, and multiple social science and end-user topics. The experiments range from exploratory and conceptual research to more controlled experimental design to establish statistical patterns and causal relationships. The EWP brought more than 400 NWS forecasters, 60 emergency managers, and 30 broadcast meteorologists to the HWT to participate in live demonstrations, archive events, and data-denial experiments influencing today’s operational warning environment and shaping the future of warning research, technology, and communication for years to come.
Endoscopic Nasopharyngectomy Combined With Internal Carotid Artery Pretreatment for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Xie Yu‐Long , Liu You‐Ping , Zou Xiong , Chen Jin‐Hua , Hua Yi‐Jun , Gu Yang‐Kui , Ouyang Yan‐Feng , Yu Zi‐Kun , Sun Rui , Huang Pei‐Yu , Chen Ming‐Yuan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSalvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) is a reasonable choice for resectable recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC). However, in past decades, complete removal of the tumor was not feasible when the recurrent lesion was adjacent to the internal carotid artery (ICA). The present article introduces innovative strategies to ensure sufficient surgical margins while avoiding accidental injury to the ICA.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed rT2‐3 rNPC patients with tumor lesions adjacent to the ICA (<5 mm) who underwent ENPG at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between January 2015 and June 2020. Thirty‐seven patients were selected for this study. Seventeen patients underwent ENPG using direct dissection, 10 patients underwent endoscopic‐assisted transcervical protection of the parapharyngeal ICA combined with ENPG, and 10 patients underwent ICA embolization followed by ENPG.ResultsWith a median follow‐up duration of 31 months (range, 5 to 53 months), the 2‐year overall survival, progression‐free survival, locoregional recurrence‐free survival, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates of salvage ENPG for rNPC adjacent to the ICA were 88.7%, 72.0%, 72.0%, and 97.3%, respectively. The incidences of grade 1‐2 and grade 3‐5 postoperative complications were 16.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Two patients experienced ICA rupture during direct dissection but were out of danger after vascular embolization therapy. One patient had a positive margin. Two patients had severe nasopharyngeal wound infections with mucosal flap necrosis.ConclusionENPG combined with ICA pretreatment allows the feasible and effective resection of rNPC lesions adjacent to the ICA.
Impact of obesity on outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Liu Qiao-Yan , Chen Yue , He Ying , Zhu Ren-Lai 
Published: June 2021

Objectives We assessed the relationship between obesity and all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patient data were extracted from the eICU Collaborative Research Database and the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database III. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped according to World Health Organization classifications: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality related to obesity. Results Participants included 185 women and 233 men, mean age 70.7 ± 44.1 years and mean BMI 28.7 ± 8.1 kg/m2. Compared with normal weight patients, obese patients tended to be younger (60.1 ± 13.7 years) and included more women (51.3% vs. 49.0%). In the unadjusted model, HRs (95% CIs) of 30-day mortality for underweight, overweight, and obesity were 1.57 (0.76, 3.27), 0.64 (0.39, 1.08), and 4.83 (2.25, 10.35), respectively, compared with those for normal weight. After adjustment, HRs (95% CIs) of 30-day mortality for underweight, overweight, and obesity were 1.82 (0.85, 3.90), 0.59 (0.29, 1.20), and 3.85 (1.73, 8.57), respectively, compared with the reference group; 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortalities showed similar trends. Conclusions Obesity was associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with ARDS.
Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Minqiang , Han Ming , Han Wei , Kuang Lei 
Published: June 2021

Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusions Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.
Pronounced Regional Disparities in United States Methadone Distribution
Authors: Furst John A. , Mynarski Nicholas J. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Methadone is an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and pain management. Methadone for OUD may be difficult for some patients to access, particularly those in rural areas. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize methadone distribution patterns between 2017 and 2019 across the United States. Methods: The US Drug Enforcement Administration’s Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System was used to acquire the number of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) per state and methadone distribution weight in grams. Methadone distributions by weight, corrected for state population and number of OTPs, were compared from 2017 to 2019 between states, within regions, and nationally. Results: The national distribution of methadone increased +12.3% for OTPs but decreased −34.6% for pain. Whereas all states saw a decrease in pain distribution, the Northeast showed a significantly smaller decrease than all other regions. Additionally, the majority of states experienced an increase in distribution for OTPs, and most states demonstrated a relatively stable or increasing number of OTPs, with an +11.5% increase nationally. The number of OTPs per 100K state population ranged from 2.1 in Rhode Island to 0.0 in Wyoming. Conclusion and Relevance: Although methadone distribution for OUD was increasing in the United States, the pronounced regional disparities identified warrant further consideration to improve patient access to this evidence-based pharmacotherapy, particularly in the Midwest and West regions. Greater implementation of telehealth and involvement of primary care into opioid treatment practice offer possible solutions to eliminating geographical treatment barriers.
Symptoms of ADHD Predict Lower Adaptation to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Financial Decline, Low Adherence to Preventive Measures, Psychological Distress, and Illness-Related Negative Perceptions
Authors: Pollak Yehuda , Shoham Rachel , Dayan Haym , Gabrieli-Seri Ortal , Berger Itai 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The COVID-19 outbreak created numerous multidimensional stressors, to which people show different levels of vulnerability. The current paper examines whether symptoms of ADHD are associated with poorer adaptation. Method: After the first quarantine in Israel, 2,055 adults participated in an online survey. Participants completed scales probing adaptation indicators: financial status, adherence to preventive measures, mental health, and COVID-19 related perceptions. Background measures, including the level of symptoms of ADHD, were collected. Results: Adaptation indicators negatively correlated with the level of symptoms of ADHD. Financial decline explained a small portion of the link between ADHD and decreased mental health. Background risk-taking, anti-social, and pro-social behavior partially explained the link between ADHD and non-adherence to preventive measures. COVID-19 related perceptions also partially explained that link. Conclusion: This study suggests that people with ADHD are more vulnerable to the challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore deserve special attention and care.
Exploring ‘digital placemaking’
Authors: Halegoua Germaine , Polson Erika 
Published: June 2021

This brief essay introduces the special issue on the topic of ‘digital placemaking’ – a concept describing the use of digital media to create a sense of place for oneself and/or others. As a broad framework that encompasses a variety of practices used to create emotional attachments to place through digital media use, digital placemaking can be examined across a variety of domains. The concept acknowledges that, at its core, a drive to create and control a sense of place is understood as primary to how social actors identify with each other and express their identities and how communities organize to build more meaningful and connected spaces. This idea runs through the articles in the issue, exploring the many ways people use digital media, under varied conditions, to negotiate differential mobilities and become placemakers – practices that may expose or amplify preexisting inequities, exclusions, or erasures in the ways that certain populations experience digital media in place and placemaking.
Assessing Physical Activity After ACL Injury: Moving Beyond Return to Sport
Authors: Kuenze Christopher , Collins Katherine , Pfeiffer Karin Allor , Lisee Caroline 
Published: June 2021

Context: Return to sport is widely utilized by sports medicine researchers and clinicians as a primary outcome of interest for successful recovery when working with young patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). While return-to-sport outcomes are effective at tracking progress post-ACLR, they are limited because they do not necessarily capture physical activity (PA) engagement, which is important to maintain knee joint health and reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, there is a critical need (1) to describe current PA participation and measurement recommendations; (2) to appraise common PA measurement approaches, including patient-reported outcomes and device-based methodologies; and (3) to provide clinical recommendations for future evaluation. Evidence Acquisition: Reports of patient-reported or device-based PA in patients with ACL injury were acquired and summarized based on a PubMed search (2000 through July 2020). Search terms included physical activity OR activity AND anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: We highlight that (1) individuals with ACLR are 2.36 times less likely to meet the US Department of Health and Human Services PA recommendations even when reporting successful return to sport, (2) common patient-reported PA assessments have significant limitations in the data that can be derived, and (3) alternative patient-reported and device-based assessments may provide improved assessment of PA in this patient population. Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers have relied on return to sport status or self-reported PA participation via surveys. These approaches are not consistent with current recommendations for PA assessment and do not allow for comparison with contemporary PA recommendations or guidelines. Return to sport, patient-reported outcome measures, and device-based assessment approaches should be used in complementary manners to comprehensively assess PA participation after ACLR. However, appropriate techniques should be used when assessing PA in adult and adolescent populations.
Barriers toward the practice of healthy behaviors among patients with non-communicable diseases in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Albelbeisi Ali , El Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid , Taleb Mahmoud , Takian Amirhossein , Akbari-Sari Ali 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Non-communicable diseases are non-infectious health conditions caused by genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Currently, non-communicable diseases account for almost two-thirds of deaths globally. This study aimed to explore the patients’ adherence level to the key recommendations, and the main barriers toward the practice of healthy behaviors among non-communicable diseases patients. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of non-communicable diseases patients, receiving care in five primary healthcare centers in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. An interview-based questionnaire about demographics, medical history, and barriers toward the practice of healthy behaviors was developed and collected based on the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviors. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test were used for analysis. Results: Four hundred patients with non-communicable diseases, aged (53.06 ± 10.03) years old, (56.8% females and 43.3% males) were included in this study. The patient’s adherence was reported as 50.1%, standard deviation = 18.3 in terms of attended regular physical activity, and 44.0%, standard deviation = 15.4 in terms of eating a healthy diet. The main barriers to being active among patients were lack of accessibility to materials, lack of social support, and lack of reminder; while in terms of eating a healthy diet were lack of accessibility to materials, lack of social support, and lack of self-efficacy. Conclusion: The non-communicable diseases patients’ adherence to healthy behaviors is suboptimal. Varied implementation strategies targeting the main barriers are extremely required to enhance the access to physical activity infrastructure, affordable healthy diet options, and to reinforce the change toward healthy behaviors at all levels.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms in Adults Undergoing Covid-19 Testing
Authors: Osaghae Ikponmwosa , Nguyen Linh K. , Chung Tong Han , Moffitt Olivia , Le Yen-Chi L. , Suh Mark B. , Prasad Pooja N. , Thomas Eric J. , Gordon Christine D. , Hwang Kevin O. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Understanding the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons receiving COVID-19 testing will help guide mental health interventions. We aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and mental health symptoms at 8 weeks (baseline) after a COVID-19 test, and compare prevalence of mental health symptoms at baseline to those at 16-week follow-up. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study of adults who received outpatient COVID-19 testing at primary care clinics. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 test results with mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms reported at baseline were compared to symptoms at 16 weeks follow-up using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: At baseline, a total of 124 (47.51%) participants reported at least mild depressive symptoms, 110 (42.15%) participants endorsed at least mild anxiety symptoms, and 94 participants (35.21%) endorsed hazardous use of alcohol. Females compared to males were at increased risk of at least mild depressive symptoms at baseline (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.79). The odds of at least mild depressive symptoms was significantly lower among those residing in zip codes within the highest quartile compared to lowest quartile of household income (AOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17-0.81). Also, non-Hispanic Whites had significantly higher odds of reporting hazardous alcohol use compared to non-Whites at baseline (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.05-3.57). The prevalence of mental health symptoms remained elevated after 16 weeks. Conclusion and Relevance: We found a high burden of symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as hazardous alcohol use in a diverse population who received testing for COVID-19 in the primary care setting. Primary care providers need to remain vigilant in screening for symptoms of mental health disorders in patients tested for COVID-19 well after initial testing.
Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes
Authors: Sanchez Rafael , Hodgens Blake H. , Geller Joseph S. , Huntley Samuel , Kaplan Jonathan , Aiyer Amiethab 
Published: June 2021

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.