bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and suggested remedies to taro endangerment in four regions of Ghana
Authors: Oduro Emmanuel , Donkor Esther Fobi , Ackah Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Many plant species worldwide cultivated for food have been neglected and are being underutilized despite their crucial contributions to food security, nutrition and income generation to rural citizens, leading to a nearly permanent diet deficiency. Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), an important food crop in the family Araceae, is one of the neglected species. This study therefore focused on identifying potential challenges mitigating taro production and utilization in taro-producing areas of Ghana and to formulate recommendations for overall increased production and utilization of the crop. The study was conducted in Ahanta West Municipal, Dormaa Municipal, Kumasi Metropolitan and East Akim Municipal in the Western, Bono, Ashanti and Eastern Regions of Ghana, respectively. These districts were ever known for taro production in Ghana. Well-structured questionnaires were used to collect information on ethnobotany of taro, possible causes of taro endangerment and remedies to combat them from farmers, traders and consumers.

Results
The survey revealed different vernacular names for taro, and the corm was the main part used as food. The corms were usually boiled before eaten. Major recipes of taro identified were “Puree and Ampesi.” The study revealed that taro was mainly cultivated on marginal soils as well as near water bodies. Taro was largely cultivated on subsistence scale. The study also revealed that utilization as food and tool of trade has reduced drastically. Major causes of taro extinction reported included: lack of healthy planting materials, unavailability of consumable corms and disease [Taro leaf blight disease(TLBD)] of the crop.

Conclusion
It was suggested that the release of cultivars which are resistant to the TLBD and publication of the nutritional benefits of the crop could revive the cultivation and utilization of the crop.
Crossover of the relative heat transport contributions of plume ejecting and impacting zones in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
(a)
Authors: Reiter Philipp , Shishkina Olga , Lohse Detlef , Krug Dominik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Turbulent thermal convection is characterized by the formation of large-scale structures and strong spatial inhomogeneity. This work addresses the relative heat transport contributions of the large-scale plume ejecting vs. plume impacting zones in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Based on direct numerical simulations of the two dimensional (2-D) problem, we show the existence of a crossover in the wall heat transport from initially impacting dominated to ultimately ejecting dominated at

. This is consistent with the trends observed in 3-D convection at lower Ra, and we therefore expect a similar crossover to also occur there. We identify the development of a turbulent mixing zone, connected to thermal plume emission, as the primary mechanism for the takeover. The mixing zone gradually extends vertically and horizontally, therefore becoming more and more dominant for the overall heat transfer.
Will Marriage Rights Bring Family Equality? Law, Lesbian Co-Mothers, and Strategies of Recognition in Taiwan
Authors: Friedman Sara L. , Chen Yi-Chien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the tension between marriage and family rights in the context of Taiwan's marriage equality movement and the then-pending legalization of same-sex marriage following a 2017 Constitutional Court ruling. It focuses on the efforts of lesbian co-mothers to secure vital legal guarantees for the families they create through intentional childbearing. As pioneers who have formed families in a legal vacuum, these parents harbor deep hopes for what law will offer but simultaneously doubt that legal reforms will guarantee the rights and recognition they desire. For lesbian co-mothers, law and family are mutually constitutive practices oriented toward both the present and the future. Co-mothers make decisions about childbearing and family formation that take into account existing legal frameworks for family recognition, but their strategies for recognition also orient them toward future potentialities, posing the challenge of how to make decisions in the present without knowing for certain what might be legally possible in the future. The article concludes that lesbian co-mothers’ family strategies are productive as much as they are reactive; they not only diversify the norm but also potentially shift the very ground on which normativity is created.
CDX2 inducible microRNAs sustain colon cancer by targeting multiple DNA damage response pathway factors
Authors: Priya Swati , Kaur Ekjot , Kulshrestha Swati , Pandit Awadhesh , Gross Isabelle , Kumar Nitin , Agarwal Himanshi , Khan Aamir , Shyam Radhey , Bhagat Prakash , Prabhu Jyothi S. , Nagarajan Perumal , Deo S. V. S. , Bajaj Avinash , Freund Jean-Noël , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Sengupta Sagar 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Identifying interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in the intensive care unit through co-design with stakeholders
Authors: Lambe Kathryn , Lydon Sinéad , McSharry Jenny , Byrne Molly , Squires Janet , Power Michael , Domegan Christine , O'Connor Paul 
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite the effectiveness of hand hygiene (HH) for infection control, there is a lack of robust scientific data to guide how HH can be improved in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study is to use the literature, researcher, and stakeholder opinion to explicate potential interventions for improving HH compliance in the ICU, and provide an indication of the suitability of these interventions. Methods: A four-phase co-design study was designed. First, data from a previously completed systematic literature review was used in order to identify unique components of existing interventions to improve HH in ICUs. Second, a workshop was held with a panel of 10 experts to identify additional intervention components. Third, the 91 intervention components resulting from the literature review and workshop were synthesised into a final list of 21 hand hygiene interventions. Finally, the affordability, practicability, effectiveness, acceptability, side-effects/safety, and equity of each intervention was rated by 39 stakeholders (health services researchers, ICU staff, and the public). Results: Ensuring the availability of essential supplies for HH compliance was the intervention that received most approval from stakeholders. Interventions involving role models and peer-to-peer accountability and support were also well regarded by stakeholders. Education/training interventions were commonplace and popular. Punitive interventions were poorly regarded. Conclusions: Hospitals and regulators must make decisions regarding how to improve HH compliance in the absence of scientific consensus on effective methods. Using collective input and a co-design approach, the guidance developed herein may usefully support implementation of HH interventions that are considered to be effective and acceptable by stakeholders.
Evaluation of a hypothetical decision-support tool for intensive care triage of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Simon Thomas Emily , Peiris Bryony , Di Stefano Leon , Rowland Matthew J. , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: July 2021

Background: At the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there was widespread concern about potentially overwhelming demand for intensive care and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) triage. In March 2020, a draft United Kingdom (UK) guideline proposed a decision-support tool (DST). We sought to evaluate the accuracy of the tool in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients in two groups: referred and not referred to intensive care in a single UK national health service (NHS) trust in April 2020. Age, Clinical Frailty Scale score (CFS), and co-morbidities were collected from patients’ records and recorded, along with ceilings of treatment and outcome. We compared the DST, CFS, and age alone as predictors of mortality, and treatment ceiling decisions. Results: In total, 151 patients were included in the analysis, with 75 in the ICU and 76 in the non-ICU-reviewed groups. Age, clinical frailty and DST score were each associated with increased mortality and higher likelihood of treatment limitation (p-values all <.001). A DST cut-off score of >8 had 65% (95% confidence interval (CI) 51%-79%) sensitivity and 63% (95% CI 54%-72%) specificity for predicting mortality. It had a sensitivity of 80% (70%-88%) and specificity of 96% (95% CI 90%-100%) for predicting treatment limitation. The DST was more discriminative than age alone (p<0.001), and potentially more discriminative than CFS (p=0.08) for predicting treatment ceiling decisions. Conclusions: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a hospital without severe resource limitations, a hypothetical decision support tool was limited in its predictive value for mortality, but appeared to be sensitive and specific for predicting treatment limitation.
Simultaneous AC and DC measurement based on an FBG-magnetostrictive
fiber sensor
Authors: Zhou Minghui , Zhao Yuncheng , Wang Gensheng , Zhao Bengyang , Huang Yuhao , Yang Zhao , Xia Li 
Published: July 2021

Simultaneous alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) measurement is
demonstrated with a new fiber sensor that combines fiber Bragg
gratings (FBGs) with giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs).
Deformation of GMMs, proportional to the central wavelength shift of
FBGs, is different when applying DC and AC to a solenoid where the
whole sensing structure is located. DC introduces a constant
deformation while AC causes a periodic variation. Therefore, the
central wavelength of FBG has a periodic harmonic variation, which
makes it possible to demodulate the values of DC and AC at the same
time. In addition, the proposed method has potential significance for
reducing temperature cross talk caused by the thermal sensitivity of
FBGs. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the AC
current can reach up to 0.090576 nm/A in the range of 0 to 1 A, and in
different AC environments, the sensitivity of the DC current can reach
up to 0.2378 nm/A.
Geopolitical zones differentials in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) utilization in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwu Chinedu , Onuoha Herbert , Okorafor Kwala Adline Katty , Ojomo Oluwaseun , Mokuolu Olugbenga A. , Ekholuenetale Michael 
Published: July 2021

Background
The coverage of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) uptake for the prevention of malaria commonly vary by geography. Many sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, including Nigeria are adopting the use of LLIN and IPTp to fight malaria. Albeit, the coverage of these interventions to prevent malaria across geographical divisions have been understudied in many countries. In this study, we aimed to explore the differentials in LLIN and IPTp uptake across Nigerian geopolitical zones.

Methods
We analyzed data from Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2016–17. The outcome variables were IPTp and LLIN uptake among women of childbearing age (15–49 years). A total sample of 24,344 women who had given birth were examined for IPTp use and 36,176 women for LLIN use. Percentages, Chi-square test and multivariable logit models plots were used to examine the geopolitical zones differentials in IPTp and LLIN utilization. Data was analyzed at 5% level of significance.

Results
The overall prevalence of IPTp was 76.0% in Nigeria. Moreover, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (71.3%), North East (76.9%), North West (78.2%), South East (76.1%), South South (79.7%) and South West (72.4%) respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of LLIN was 87.7%% in Nigeria. Also, there were differences across geopolitical zones: North Central (89.1%), North East (91.8%), North West (90.0%), South East (77.3%), South South (81.1%) and South West (69.8%) respectively. Women who have access to media use, married, educated and non-poor were more likely to uptake IPTp. On the other hand, rural dwellers and those with media use were more likely to use LLIN. Conversely, married, educated, non-poor and women aged 25–34 and 35+ were less likely to use LLIN.

Conclusion
Though the utilization of IPTp and LLIN was relatively high, full coverage are yet to be achieved. There was geopolitical zones differentials in the prevalence of IPTp and LLIN in Nigeria. Promoting the utilization of IPTp and LLINs across the six geopolitical zones through intensive health education and widespread mass media campaigns will help to achieve the full scale IPTp and LLIN utilization.
Viral mapping in COVID-19 deceased in the Augsburg autopsy series of the first wave: A multiorgan and multimethodological approach
Authors: Hirschbühl Klaus , Dintner Sebastian , Beer Martin , Wylezich Claudia , Schlegel Jürgen , Delbridge Claire , Borcherding Lukas , Lippert Jirina , Schiele Stefan , Müller Gernot , Moiraki Dimitra , Spring Oliver , Wittmann Michael , Kling Elisabeth , Braun Georg , Kröncke Thomas , Claus Rainer , Märkl Bruno , Schaller Tina 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 is only partly understood, and the level of evidence available in terms of pathophysiology, epidemiology, therapy, and long-term outcome remains limited. During the early phase of the pandemic, it was necessary to effectively investigate all aspects of this new disease. Autopsy can be a valuable procedure to investigate the internal organs with special techniques to obtain information on the disease, especially the distribution and type of organ involvement.MethodsDuring the first wave of COVID-19 in Germany, autopsies of 19 deceased patients were performed. Besides gross examination, the organs were analyzed with standard histology and polymerase-chain-reaction for SARS-CoV-2. Polymerase chain reaction positive localizations were further analyzed with immunohistochemistry and RNA-in situ hybridization for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsEighteen of 19 patients were found to have died due to COVID-19. Clinically relevant histological changes were only observed in the lungs. Diffuse alveolar damage in considerably different degrees was noted in 18 cases. Other organs, including the central nervous system, did not show specific micromorphological alterations. In terms of SARS-CoV-2 detection, the focus remains on the upper airways and lungs. This is true for both the number of positive samples and the viral load. A highly significant inverse correlation between the stage of diffuse alveolar damage and viral load was found on a case and a sample basis. Mediastinal lymph nodes and fat were also affected by the virus at high frequencies. By contrast, other organs rarely exhibited a viral infection. Moderate to strong correlations between the methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 were observed for the lungs and for other organs.ConclusionsThe lung is the most affected organ in gross examination, histology and polymerase chain reaction. SARS-CoV-2 detection in other organs did not reveal relevant or specific histological changes. Moreover, we did not find CNS involvement.
Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: An international cohort study
Authors: Tessema Gizachew A. , Marinovich M. Luke , Håberg Siri E. , Gissler Mika , Mayo Jonathan A. , Nassar Natasha , Ball Stephen , Betrán Ana Pilar , Gebremedhin Amanuel T. , de Klerk Nick , Magnus Maria C. , Marston Cicely , Regan Annette K. , Shaw Gary M. , Padula Amy M. , Pereira Gavin 
Published: July 2021

Background
Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue.

Methods
We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980–2016), Finland (1987–2017), Norway (1980–2016) and the United States (California) (1991–2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates—the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception of the next (index) pregnancy. We estimated associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) using logistic regression (between-women analyses). We also used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs and birth outcomes in the same women (within-women analyses). Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR).

Results
Compared to an IPI of 18–23 months, there was insufficient evidence for an association between IPI <6 months and overall PTB (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.18) and SGA (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81–1.19), but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.57) in the within-women analysis. We observed elevated odds of all birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for <12 month and >24 month IPIs.

Conclusions
We found consistently elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of other adverse birth outcomes. Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.
Hybrid Measuring the Similarity Value Based on Genetic Algorithm for Improving Prediction in A Collaborative Filtering Recommendation System.
Authors: AL sabri Muaadh Abdo Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the Recommendation System (RS) has a wide range of applications in several fields, like Education, Economics, Scientific Researches and other related fields. The Personalized Recommendation is effective in increasing RS's accuracy, based on the user interface, preferences and constraints seek to predict the most suitable product or services. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the primary applications that researchers use for the prediction of the accuracy rating and recommendation of objects. Various experts in the field are using methods like Nearest Neighbors (NN) based on the measures of similarity. However, similarity measures use only the co-rated item ratings while calculating the similarity between a pair of users or items. The two standard methods used to measure similarities are Cosine Similarity (CS) and Person Correlation Similarity (PCS). However, both are having drawbacks, and the present piece of the investigation will approach through the optimized Genetic Algorithms (GA) to improve the forecast accuracy of RS using the merge output of CS with PCS based on GA methods. The results show GA's superiority and its ability to achieve more correct predictions than CS and PCS.
Effectiveness of tonsillectomy in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis syndrome: a case series
Authors: Taniguchi Kazuto , Kii Sakumo , Uemichi Kazuyasu 
Published: July 2021

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is characterized by periodic high fever (febrile attacks) lasting for 3–6 days and recurring regularly. In this syndrome, fever is associated with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis.1–4 Almost all patients with PFAPA syndrome spontaneously resolve approximately 8 years after the onset of symptoms. However, the cause and etiology of PFAPA syndrome remain unclear.4 Oral prednisolone reduces fever during febrile attacks.5–7 Tonsillectomy has also been reported to induce remission of PFAPA syndrome.8–12 However, tonsillectomy is not a popular treatment for PFAPA syndrome because its effectiveness is still unclear. Furthermore, tonsillectomy is generally recommended for patients aged 3 years and older to avoid post-operative complications.13
We report here on four patients aged 3 years and older with PFAPA syndrome. Tonsillectomy completely eliminated febrile attacks and was safely performed without post-operative complications in all of our patients.
Bullying: Fenomena Gunung Es di Dunia Pendidikan
Authors: Dhamayanti Meita 
Published: July 2021

Bullying merupakan masalah universal yang dapat menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan fisik dan emosional pada anak-anak dan remaja. Masalah bullying saat ini menjadi sorotan karena dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak dan remaja secara signifikan, serta memiliki implikasi jangka panjang terhadap proses adaptasi saat mereka dewasa. Bullying di Indonesia sudah memasuki tahap memprihatinkan karena cukup banyak orang yang menganggap bahwa bullying yang dialami atau yang dilakukan sebagi tindakan yang wajar. Untuk itu tenaga kesehatan khususnya dokter spesialis anak harus memahami jenis, dampak bullying pada kesehatan fisik dan mental, deteksi dini, tata laksana, dan pencegahan bullying, serta peran dokter anak pada perilaku bullying.Bullying merupakan masalah universal yang dapat menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan fisik dan emosional pada anak dan remaja. Masalah bullying saat ini menjadi sorotan karena dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak dan remaja secara signifikan, serta memiliki implikasi jangka panjang terhadap proses adaptasi saat mereka dewasa. Bullying di Indonesia sudah memasuki tahap memprihatinkan karena cukup banyak orang menganggap bahwa bullying yang dialami atau dilakukan sebagi tindakan yang wajar. Untuk itu tenaga kesehatan khususnya dokter spesialis anak harus memahami jenis, dampak bullying pada kesehatan fisik dan mental, deteksi dini, tata laksana, dan pencegahan bullying, serta peran dokter anak pada perilaku bullying.