bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity changes in the Mediterranean Sea drive foraging movements of yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan from the core of its global breeding range
Authors: Pezzo Francesco , Zenatello Marco , Cerritelli Giulia , Navone Augusto , Giunchi Dimitri , Spano Giovanna , Pollonara Enrica , Massolo Alessandro , Gagliardo Anna , Baccetti Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPelagic seabirds are tied to their breeding colonies throughout their long‐lasting breeding season, but at the same time, they have to feed in a highly dynamic marine environment where prey abundance and availability rapidly change across space and seasons. Here, we describe the foraging movements of yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan, a seabird endemic to the Mediterranean Sea that spends its entire life cycle within this enclosed basin and whose future conservation is intimately linked to human‐driven and climatic changes affecting the sea. The aim was to understand the main factors underlying the choice of foraging locations during the reproductive phases. A total of 34 foraging trips were obtained from 21 breeding adults tagged and tracked on Tavolara Archipelago (N Sardinia, Italy). This is the largest and most important breeding area for the species, accounting for more than 50% of the world population. The relationships between foraging movements during two different breeding stages and the seasonal changes of primary productivity at sea were modeled. Movements appeared to be addressed toward inshore (<20 km), highly productive, and relatively shallow (<200 m) foraging areas, often in front of river mouths and at great distances from the colony. During incubation, the Bonifacio Strait and other coastal areas close to North and West Sardinia were the most preferred locations (up to 247 km from the colony). During the chick‐rearing phase, some individuals reached areas placed at greater distances from the colony (up to 579 km), aiming at food‐rich hotspots placed as far north as the Gulf of Lion (France). The need for such long distance and long‐lasting foraging trips is hypothesized to be related to unfavorable conditions on the less productive (and already depleted) Sardinian waters.
Temperature modulates virus‐induced transcriptional gene silencing via secondary small RNAs
Authors: Fei Yue , Pyott Douglas E. , Molnar Attila 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be harnessed to sequence‐specifically degrade host transcripts and induce heritable epigenetic modifications referred to as virus‐induced post‐transcriptional gene silencing (ViPTGS) and virus‐induced transcriptional gene silencing (ViTGS), respectively. Both ViPTGS and ViTGS enable manipulation of endogenous gene expression without the need for transgenesis.

Although VIGS has been widely used in many plant species, it is not always uniform or highly efficient. The efficiency of VIGS is affected by developmental, physiological and environmental factors. Here, we use recombinant Tobacco rattle viruses (TRV) to study the effect of temperature on ViPTGS and ViTGS using GFP as a reporter gene of silencing in N. benthamiana 16c plants.

We found that unlike ViPTGS, ViTGS was impaired at high temperature. Using a novel mismatch‐small interfering RNA (siRNA) tool, which precisely distinguishes virus‐derived (primary) from target‐generated (secondary) siRNAs, we demonstrated that the lack of secondary siRNA production/amplification was responsible for inefficient ViTGS at 29°C. Moreover, inefficient ViTGS at 29°C inhibited the transmission of epigenetic gene silencing to the subsequent generations.

Our finding contributes to understanding the impact of environmental conditions on primary and secondary siRNA production and may pave the way to design/optimize ViTGS for transgene‐free crop improvement.
Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among 6‐ to 9‐year‐old children in 24 countries from the World Health Organization European region
Authors: Buoncristiano Marta , Williams Julianne , Simmonds Philippa , Nurk Eha , Ahrens Wolfgang , Nardone Paola , Rito Ana Isabel , Rutter Harry , Bergh Ingunn Holden , Starc Gregor , Jonsson Kenisha Russell , Spinelli Angela , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Mäki Päivi , Milanović Sanja Musić , Salanave Benoît , Yardim Mahmut S. , Hejgaard Tatjana , Fijałkowska Anna , Abdrakhmanova Shynar , Abdurrahmonova Zulfiya , Duleva Vesselka , Farrugia Sant'Angelo Victoria , García‐Solano Marta , Gualtieri Andrea , Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , Huidumac‐Petrescu Constanta , Hyska Jolanda , Kelleher Cecily C. , Kujundžić Enisa , Peterkova Valentina , Petrauskiene Ausra , Pudule Iveta , Sacchini Elena , Shengelia Lela , Tanrygulyyeva Maya , Taxová Braunerová Radka , Usupova Zhamilya , Maruszczak Katharina , Ostojic Sergej M. , Spiroski Igor , Stojisavljević Dragana , Wickramasinghe Kremlin , Breda João 
Published: June 2021

SummaryChildhood overweight and obesity have significant short‐ and long‐term negative impacts on children's health and well‐being. These challenges are unequally distributed according to socioeconomic status (SES); however, previous studies have often lacked standardized and objectively measured data across national contexts to assess these differences. This study provides a cross‐sectional picture of the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity, based on data from 123,487 children aged 6–9 years in 24 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Overall, associations were found between overweight/obesity and the three SES indicators used (parental education, parental employment status, and family‐perceived wealth). Our results showed an inverse relationship between the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and parental education in high‐income countries, whereas the opposite relationship was observed in most of the middle‐income countries. The same applied to family‐perceived wealth, although parental employment status appeared to be less associated with overweight and obesity or not associated at all. This paper highlights the need for close attention to context when designing interventions, as the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity varies by country economic development. Population‐based interventions have an important role to play, but policies that target specific SES groups are also needed to address inequalities.
Effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the policy response on childhood obesity risk factors: Gender and sex differences and recommendations for research
Authors: Knebusch Veronika , Williams Julianne , Yordi Aguirre Isabel , Weber Martin W. , Rakovac Ivo , Breda João 
Published: June 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity is a public health concern globally, with generally higher prevalence rates in boys compared to girls. Although biological sex is an important determinant, gender roles and norms influence the exposure and vulnerability to risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Norms and roles might be reinforced or change due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) related measures as well as the exposure to risk factors for childhood obesity. COVID‐19 related changes, such as home confinement, influence a child's risk of obesity. Using Dahlgren and Whitehead's model of the main determinants of health, this paper aims to provide a roadmap for future research on sex, gender, and childhood obesity during the time of COVID‐19. It examines how COVID‐19 has led to important changes in children's general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions, social and community networks, and individual lifestyle factors and how these may affect a child's risk for obesity. It focuses on the influence of gender and sex and outlines key considerations and indicators to examine in future studies concerned with promoting health and gender equity and equality. We need to understand the differential impact of COVID‐19 related measures on girls' and boys' risk for obesity to adequately react with preventive measures, policies, and programs.
Strategies to increase the INGEVITY lead strength during lead extraction procedures based on laboratory bench testing
Authors: Vatterott Pierce , De Kock Andrew , Hammill Eric F. , Lewis Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe INGEVITY lead (Boston Scientific, St Paul, MN, USA) has excellent clinical performance. However, its single filar design results in decreased lead tensile strength and a possible challenging extraction. This study's goal is to evaluate techniques for extracting the INGEVITY lead.MethodsTwo‐ and three‐dimensional models were created to simulate lead extraction from a right atrial appendage lead implant with a left subclavian approach and lead/fibrosis attachment sites. Standard and unique lead extraction preparation strategies were evaluated. Traction forces were measured from a superior approach alone or in combination with a femoral approach.ResultsFor lead extraction via the superior approach, leaving the terminal on the lead was the only factor influencing maximum tolerated load (p‐value = .0007). Scar attachment provided greater lead tensile strength by transferring traction loading forces to the polyurethane outer insulation but dependent on insulation integrity. The strongest extraction rail was seen with a simulated femoral snaring of a locking stylet within the INGEVITY lead. Deployed screw retraction was most successful by rotating a Philips LLD#2 stylet (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, Netherlands) within the lead.ConclusionResults from in vitro simulations of INGEVITY lead extraction from an atrial location found the lead has low maximum tensile strength resulting in a poor extraction rail with common extraction tools and methods. However, the strength of the INGEVITY Lead extraction rail can be significantly increased by leaving the lead terminal intact and femoral snaring of the locking stylet within the lead. Such techniques may improve extraction of the INGEVITY lead.
Caregivers' experiences of patients with moderate‐stage Alzheimer's disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Ozcan Munevver , Akyar İmatullah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers experience challenges in the longest stage of Alzheimer disease, the moderate stage, due to all day demanded caregiving, added with neuropsychiatric symptoms, and communication difficulties. Supporting challenges of caregiving is more effective when specific needs are assessed and real‐life experiences are appreciated. This study sought to explore caregivers' experiences and support needs for moderate‐stage Alzheimer's disease patients.MethodsThis study had a qualitative phenomenological design. In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 46 caregivers via face‐to‐face interviews. Following transcription, an analysis was done with Colaizzi's steps by coding and defining the main themes and subthemes.ResultsCaregivers stated they faced difficulties in the care activities of patients and needed support. Three themes were identified: (i) changes related to Alzheimer's disease; (ii) change in caregivers' life; and (iii) support needs and coping strategies about the care process.ConclusionsCurrent study confirmed that caregivers of moderate‐stage Alzheimer's disease patients need proper support to cope with daily care activities and systems that help them overcome life challenges. The development of a system based on the stage‐specific caregivers' need to decrease daily care challenges and overwhelming economic and emotional stress can be recommended.
Tubular ectasia of the rete testis in an Angus bull
Authors: Waters Katelyn , Schnuelle Julie Gard , Cofield Lawerence Grady , Rush Jessica , Boakari Yatta , Cowley Jessica , Horzmann Katharine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old Angus bull presented to Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine for a routine breeding soundness evaluation and lameness evaluation. He was classified as deferred potential breeder due to a lameness and was donated to the university. Following treatment, the bull's lameness resolved. He passed the breeding soundness examination in accordance with the Society for Theriogenology standards. However, avascular dilated areas at the level of the mediastinum testis of the right testicle were detected via Doppler ultrasonography. A high level of vascularity is routinely seen with neoplasia, such as teratomas. Due to the lack of vascularity, a presumptive diagnosis of tubular ectasia of the rete testis was made. The bull was castrated. The right testicle was submitted for histopathology revealing a definitive diagnosis of tubular ectasia of the rete testis.
Health care disparities for incarcerated adults after a suicide attempt
Authors: Fedock Gina , Garthe Rachel , Higgins George E. , Lewis Cashell , Blank Wilson Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveIncarcerated adults have high rates of fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviors. Suicide prevention recommendations stress the need for the provision of health care for incarcerated adults after suicide attempts, yet prison policies and practices often focus instead on punitive responses to suicidal behaviors. Existing research is limited regarding factors that predict the provision of health care to incarcerated adults post‐suicide attempt. The current study examined individual, incident, and institutional factors as predictors of health care to incarcerated adults post‐suicide attempt.MethodWe used data from critical incidents reports for suicide attempts (N = 495) to conduct mixed‐effects logistical regression models.ResultsStaff responded to suicide attempts by placing incarcerated adults under direct observation (with no care) or in segregation at odds two and three times higher than of providing health care, particularly in prisons for men. Race was a significant factor; incidents involving Black men were less likely than incidents involving white men to include staff requesting health care, and incidents involving Black women were less likely than incidents involving white women to include requesting and providing health care.ConclusionsThis study's findings highlight factors predicting health care responses to suicide attempts and the need to address and prevent health care disparities in prisons.
Masculinity's association with the interpersonal theory of suicide among military personnel
Authors: Daruwala Samantha E. , Houtsma Claire , Martin Rachel , Green Bradley , Capron Daniel , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveGiven that the majority of those who die by suicide are male, masculine traits have been examined as a potential link to the development of capability for suicide. However, research has not examined if such traits influence suicidal desire (i.e., thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness). This study examined the influence of stereotypically masculine traits of stoicism, sensation seeking, physical aggression, verbal aggression, and self‐reliance on all three components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide within a sample of male and female service members.MethodsA total of 953 service members were recruited as part of a larger study.ResultsSensation seeking and stoicism were positively associated with capability for suicide. With regard to suicidal desire, self‐reliance and verbal aggression were positively associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Stoicism was positively associated with thwarted belongingness.ConclusionsFindings suggest that different masculine traits are associated with the three components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in various ways. Stoicism may be an especially important masculine trait that influences a component of suicidal desire and capability for suicide.
Legionella pneumophila LegC7 effector protein drives aberrant endoplasmic reticulum:endosome contacts in yeast
Authors: Glueck Nathan K. , O'Brien Kevin M. , Seguin Danielle C. , Starai Vincent J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLegionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, causing the severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionella actively alters host organelle trafficking through the activities of “effector” proteins secreted via a type‐IVB secretion system, in order to construct the bacteria‐laden Legionella‐containing vacuole (LCV) and prevent lysosomal degradation. The LCV is created with membrane derived from host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory vesicles and phagosomes, although the precise molecular mechanisms that drive its synthesis remain poorly understood. In an effort to characterize the in vivo activity of the LegC7/YlfA SNARE‐like effector protein from Legionella in the context of eukaryotic membrane trafficking in yeast, we find that LegC7 interacts with the Emp46p/Emp47p ER‐to‐Golgi glycoprotein cargo adapter complex, alters ER morphology and induces aberrant ER:endosome interactions, as measured by visualization of ER cargo degradation, reconstitution of split‐GFP proteins and enhanced oxidation of the ER lumen. LegC7‐dependent toxicity, disruption of ER morphology and ER:endosome fusion events were dependent upon endosomal VPS class C tethering complexes and the endosomal t‐SNARE, Pep12p. This work establishes a model in which LegC7 functions to recruit host ER material to the bacterial phagosome during infection by driving ER:endosome contacts, potentially through interaction with host membrane tethering complexes and/or cargo adapters.
The Implementation of Contract Farming of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (FFV) for Smallholders in Malaysia: Government Roles and Initiatives
Authors: Mohamad Baqutayan Shadiya , Mohamad Ruhaizah , Azman Rozaidatul Rahizah , AbuHassan Norihan 
Published: June 2021

Contract Farming (CF) in Malaysia has been identified as a system capable of stimulating agricultural production and was given a central role in the latest strategy by the government to encourage the production of vegetables and fruits. It is also seen as a means of fostering smallholder participation in new high-value product markets and improving quality standards, thus the application of CF is increasing the smallholder incomes. This paper is a review study that contributes to defining the role of the government in fostering the CF in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (FFV) for smallholders in Malaysia. The purpose is to understand the relation between CF and the country’s economic growth as well as farmers’ standards of living. The findings of this paper indicated that the government plays an important role in fostering the CF of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (FFV) of smallholders in Malaysia. Indeed, the development of programs (Contract Farming Programme), effective management method, and strong commitment from the players, and strong support from the government are considered as the strongest tools for facilitating economic growth and improving farmers’ standards of living in Malaysia.
Mechanical Characterization of Porcine Skin Starting Material
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chester Shawn A. , Nadimpalli Siva P. V. , Suriano Justin T. , Theis David P. , Lieber Samuel C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorcine skin has been used as a starting material in several released mesh medical devices. Although this controlled animal derived material is prevalent in tissue engineered medical devices, little is known about its mechanical properties. This study mechanically characterized porcine skin starting material (PSSM), provided by Midwest Research Swine. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on samples cut from different regions (back and neck) and orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the spine) on the PSSM. The stress–stretch relationship was determined for each sample utilizing a load frame equipped with a Digital Image Correlation measurement system. The PSSM skin demonstrates the classic nonlinear and linear regions seen in other biologic tissues. A bilinear curve fit method was used to separate the nonlinear and linear regions of the tensile curve, and each region was analyzed with an Ogden and linear model, respectively. The results show that the tensile curve is better described with this method as opposed to analyzing the full curve with one model. A comparison was made between samples cut from the different regions and orientations. There were significant differences between the failure measures and mechanical indices from the two regions, and on average the back behaved anisotropically and the neck isotropically. The PSSM mechanical properties from this study could serve as a preliminary guide for those exploring devices or processes in the tissue engineering field. The methods demonstrated in this study could also help characterize other biologic materials, and be used toward the development of tissue specific industrial standards.
Numerical Computation on Natural Convection Heat Transfer From an Isothermal Sphere With Semicircular Ribs
Authors: Garnayak Subrat , Rath Subhasisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For the very first time, this study attempts to address the heat dissipation from an isothermal ribbed sphere under the action of pure natural convection. Semicircular ribs of different radii are superimposed azimuthally on the outer surface of a sphere. The addition of ribs on the sphere serves a dual purpose in its practical applications: beautification of electronic devices such as spherical light sources as well as an increase in heat dissipation from the hot surface, which prevents the electronic component from getting overheated. Finite volume method-based axisymmetric numerical simulations are performed in the laminar flow regime for the following ranges of nondimensional parameters: Rayleigh number (102 ≤ Ra ≤ 108), inter-rib-spacing to sphere diameter (0.191 ≤ P/D ≤ 0.785), and rib-radius to sphere diameter (0.03 ≤ R/D ≤ 0.083). The main target of this study is to identify the critical parameters for heat transfer enhancement from the ribbed sphere compared to a conventional plane sphere. The results obtained from this work show that the average Nusselt number increases with an increase in Ra and P/D, whereas it decreases as R/D increases. Effectiveness of the ribs (εrib) and critical Rayleigh numbers (Racr), corresponding to εrib = 1, are also calculated. Ribs are more effective in heat dissipation at low Ra and P/D and high R/D. A correlation for the average Nusselt number is also developed in this work, which would help design a better thermal management system.
Pressure Effects on the Lifetime of Gas High Density Polyethylene Pipes
Authors: Wang Yang , Lan Hui-qing , Meng Tao , Wang Bing , Guo Du-du , Zhuang Li-jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to propose low gas pressure effects on lifetime of natural gas high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes by thermal-oxidative aging. The new method to assess the lifetime of HDPE natural gas pipes is based on gas pressure testing. An approach to monitor oxidative induction time (OIT) has been used to predict lifetime. Natural gas HDPE pipes were used to evaluate the effects of low gas pressures on oxidative induction time. In order to emphasize the pressure effects, relatively low temperatures at 45, 55, 65, and 75 °C were utilized for the exposure. The low-pressure conditions were created using air at levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 MPa. The property of high density polyethylene pipes was effectively monitored using the low pressure OIT test. The results show that the aging reaction rate of high density polyethylene pipes increased exponentially with temperature and gas pressure according to the Arrhenius equation. Analytical models were developed to predict the aging reaction rate and lifetime of natural gas HDPE pipes.