bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' opinion on the use of 2 generations of power‐driven water flossers and their impact on gingival inflammation
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Edlund Johansson Pia , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess patients' opinion on the use of 2 generations of power‐driven water flossers and their impact on gingival inflammation.Material & MethodsIn the present prospective cohort study 24 periodontitis patients under regular supportive periodontal therapy used daily 2 generations of a power‐driven water flosser (Sonicare AirFloss [SAF] and Sonicare AirFloss Ultra [SAFU]) for 12 weeks each. Patients were instructed to position the nozzle interproximally from the buccal aspect at each interproximal space. Patients' opinion was assessed by a questionnaire and interproximal bleeding on probing (BoP) was recorded.ResultsOverall satisfaction with SAF/SAFU was rated high, by about 80% of the patients. About 66% of the patients preferred SAF/SAFU compared to their previous interdental cleaning device and indicated that they would continue using SAF/SAFU after the study; none of the patients reported any discomfort or pain. Compared to only tooth brushing, daily use of SAF/SAFU caused a significant reduction of interproximal BoP values, which were well maintained over 6 months; that is, BoP at interproximal buccal and oral sites (pooled), as well as at interproximal buccal and oral sites separately, was proportionately reduced by 29.1%, 41.2%, and 24.8%, respectively (pooled: p = 0.027; buccal sites: p = 0.030; oral sites: p = 0.030).ConclusionPatients were very fond of the power‐driven water flossers tested herein, and daily use of the devices for 6 months (i.e., each device was used for 3 months) resulted in a significant reduction of gingival inflammation interproximally.
Inhibition of MAGL activates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway to attenuate glucocorticoid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yang Ning , Sun Houyi , Xue Yi , Zhang Weicheng , Wang Hongzhi , Tao Huaqiang , Liang Xiaolong , Li Meng , Xu Yaozeng , Chen Liang , Zhang Liang , Huang Lixin , Geng Dechun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are used in treating viral infections, acute spinal cord injury, autoimmune diseases, and shock. Several patients develop GC‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying GC‐induced ONFH remain poorly understood. GC‐directed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) fate is an important factor that determines GC‐induced ONFH. At high concentrations, GCs induce BMSC apoptosis by promoting oxidative stress. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that relieve GC‐induced oxidative stress in BMSCs, which would be vital for treating ONFH. The endocannabinoid system regulates oxidative stress in multiple organs. Here, we found that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key molecule in the endocannabinoid system, was significantly upregulated during GC treatment in osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo. MAGL expression was positively correlated with expression of the NADPH oxidase family and apoptosis‐related proteins. Functional analysis showed that MAGL inhibition markedly reduced oxidative stress and partially rescued BMSC apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo studies indicated that MAGL inhibition effectively attenuated GC‐induced ONFH. Pathway analysis showed that MAGL inhibition regulated oxidative stress in BMSCs via the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The expression of Nrf2, a major regulator of intracellular antioxidants, was upregulated by inhibiting MAGL. Nrf2 activation can mimic the effect of MAGL inhibition and significantly reduce GC‐induced oxidative damage in BMSCs. The beneficial effects of MAGL inhibition were attenuated after the blockade of the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway. Notably, pharmacological blockade of MAGL conferred femoral head protection in GC‐induced ONFH, even after oxidative stress responses were initiated. Therefore, MAGL may represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of GC‐induced ONFH.
Folate receptor α increases chemotherapy resistance through stabilizing MDM2 in cooperation with PHB2 that is overcome by MORAb‐202 in gastric cancer
Authors: Sakai Hitomi , Kawakami Hisato , Teramura Takeshi , Onodera Yuta , Somers Elizabeth , Furuuchi Keiji , Uenaka Toshimitsu , Kato Ryoji , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe main function of folate receptor α (FOLRα) has been considered to mediate intracellular folate uptake and induce tumor cell proliferation. Given the broad spectrum of expression among malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC) but not in normal tissue, FOLRα represents an attractive target for tumor‐selective drug delivery. However, the efficacy of anti‐FOLRα monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has not been proved so far, with the reason for this failure remaining unclear, raising the need for a better understanding of FOLRα function.MethodsThe distribution of FOLRα in GC cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The impacts of FOLRα expression on the survival of GC patients and GC cell lines were examined with the Gene Expression Omnibus database and by siRNA of FOLRα. RNA‐sequencing and Microarray analysis was conducted to identify the function of FOLRα. Proteins that interact with FOLRα were identified with shotgun LC‐MS/MS. The antitumor efficacy of the anti‐FOLRα mAb farletuzumab as well as the antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) consists of the farletuzumab and the tublin‐depolymerizing agent eribulin (MORAb‐202) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsFOLRα was detected both at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. Shorter overall survival was associated with FOLRα expression in GC patients, whereas reduction of FOLRα attenuated cell proliferation without inducing cell death in GC cell lines. Transcriptomic and proteomic examinations revealed that the FOLRα‐expressing cancer cells possess a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance supported by MDM2, and FOLRα indirectly regulates it through a chaperone protein prohibitin2 (PHB2). Although reduction of FOLRα brought about vulnerability for oxaliplatin by diminishing MDM2 expression, farletuzumab did not suppress the MDM2‐mediated chemoresistance and cell proliferation in GC cells. On the other hand, MORAb‐202 showed significant antitumor efficacy.ConclusionsThe ADC could be a more reasonable choice than mAb as a targeting agent for the FOLRα‐expressing tumor.
The impact of minimum wage increases on cigarette smoking
Authors: Huang Chen , Liu Feng , You Shijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent debate about raising federal minimum wage to $15 per hour receives substantial public attention. Yet the minimum wage literature has been focusing on the labor market outcomes, with the health implications rarely being discussed. This paper investigates the impact of minimum wage increases on multiple dimensions of cigarette smoking behaviors for the low‐skilled population using the Current Population Survey‐Tobacco Use Supplement over a long time period (1998–2015). Results show that a $1 increase in the minimum wage raises the prevalence of smoking by about 2.3% and reduces cessation by about 13.7% among the low‐skilled workers. With further examinations, we find evidence of an income effect as one potential mechanism that leads to more smoking. The impacts on all low‐skilled adults, however, are somewhat smaller, which are most likely driven by the null effects among those who are out of the labor force. We additionally conduct a series of sensitivity tests and confirm the robustness of these results.
A meta‐analysis on employee perceptions of human resource strength: Examining the mediating versus moderating hypotheses
Authors: Bednall Timothy C. , Sanders Karin , Yang Huadong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman resource (HR) strength research has substantially informed an understanding of the relationship between HR practices and employee‐level outcomes. However, a key unresolved issue is whether employee perceptions of HR strength act as a mediator or a moderator in the relationship between HR practices and these outcomes. A meta‐analysis of 42 studies (comprising 65 samples and 29,444 unique participants) was conducted to address this issue. Results support the mediating hypothesis for all five employee outcomes: employee reactions, proactive behavior, burnout, performance, and perceived organizational effectiveness. Conversely, the moderating hypothesis was only supported for employee performance. In addition, we examined five study characteristics (the operationalization of perceived HR strength, research study design, industry, sampling strategy, and publication status) as moderators. Using this analysis, we test the robustness of our main results and identify sources of heterogeneity in the results across studies. The results show that the mediating hypothesis still holds under different study designs and contexts. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Selective aqueous‐phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Ni‐based catalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Chen Changzhou , Zhou Minghao , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐supported Ni‐based catalysts were prepared through a simple impregnation method. The synthesized Ni‐based bimetallic catalysts exhibited much smaller particle size and better dispersion than monometallic Ni/CNT catalyst. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni with Mo, the material was especially active to hydrogenation of biomass derivatives in aqueous medium. Promotional effect was observed in NiMo/CNT catalyst during hydrogenation of furfural to fine chemicals, including cyclopentanone/cyclopentanol, which is of profound practical values for processing biomass degradation and may be applied in the food and biomass refining industry.
Functional Reorganizations Outside the Sensorimotor Regions Following Complete Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zheng Weimin , Wang Ling , Chen Qian , Li Xuejing , Chen Xin , Qin Wen , Li Kuncheng , Lu Jie , Chen Nan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundStudies have shown that loss of sensorimotor function in spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to brain functional reorganization, which may play important roles in motor function recovery. However, the specific functional changes following SCI are still poorly understood.PurposeTo investigate whether there are functional reorganizations outside the sensorimotor regions after complete thoracolumbar SCI (CTSCI), and how these reorganizations are associated with clinical manifestations.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEighteen CTSCI patients (28–67 years of age; 16 men) and 18 age‐, gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs) (27–64 years of age; 16 men).Field Strength/SequenceResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) using echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI) sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentData preprocessing was performed using Data Processing Assistant for Resting‐State fMRI (DPARSF). Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was used to characterize regional neural function, and seed‐based functional connectivity (FC) was used to evaluate the functional integration of the brain network.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐tests were used for ALFF and FC measures (the data conform to the normal distribution), partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between clinical and imaging indicators, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to search for sensitive imaging indicators.ResultsCompared with HCs, CTSCI patients showed decreased ALFF in right lingual gyrus (LG), increased ALFF in right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and decreased FC between the right LG and Vermis_3 (cluster‐level FWE correction with P < 0.05). Subsequent correlation analyses revealed that decreased FC between the right LG and Vermis_3 positively correlated with the visual analog scale (VAS) (P = 0.043, r = 0.443). Finally, the ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of FC value between right LG and Vermis3 was 0.881.Data ConclusionThese findings suggest a possible theoretical basis of the mechanism of visual‐, emotion‐, and cognition‐related techniques in rehabilitation training for CTSCI.
Electrical behavior of n‐GaAs based Schottky diode for different contacts: Temperature dependence of current‐voltage
Authors: Helal Hicham , Benamara Zineb , Arbia Marwa Ben , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Chaouche Abdallah Chabane , Maaref Hassen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report on the electrical behavior of Metal/n‐GaAs Schottky structure, using Silvaco‐Atlas software. To study the effect of metal work function ϕm on the performance of various parameters such as saturation current Is, ideality factor n, and barrier height ϕb, we examine a large number of contact materials having different ϕm at room temperature (300 K). The results show a significant dependence between ϕm and the electrical parameters. It is observed that the smaller values of the threshold voltage Vi are obtained for low ϕm. We also find that metals within ϕm [4.42–5.31] eV give lower n. A linear increase of the barrier height ϕb is mentioned for ϕm [4.33–5.37] which is in accordance with the theoretical relationship. In addition, the selection of four different metal contact (Cu, Au, Pt, and Ni) is devoted to simulate the Metal/n‐GaAs Schottky structure in a wide temperature range of (100–400 K). This allows us to extract and discuss the influence of temperature on the performance of our proposed device.
ACSA‐2 and GLAST classify subpopulations of multipotent and glial‐restricted cerebellar precursors
Authors: Kantzer Christina Geraldine , Parmigiani Elena , Cerrato Valentina , Tomiuk Stefan , Knauel Michail , Jungblut Melanie , Buffo Annalisa , Bosio Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe formation of the cerebellum is highly coordinated to obtain its characteristic morphology and all cerebellar cell types. During mouse postnatal development, cerebellar progenitors with astroglial‐like characteristics generate mainly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, a subset of astroglial‐like progenitors found in the prospective white matter (PWM) produces astroglia and interneurons. Characterizing these cerebellar astroglia‐like progenitors and distinguishing their developmental fates is still elusive. Here, we reveal that astrocyte cell surface antigen‐2 (ACSA‐2), lately identified as ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide, is expressed by glial precursors throughout postnatal cerebellar development. In contrast to common astrocyte markers, ACSA‐2 appears on PWM cells but is absent on Bergmann glia (BG) precursors. In the adult cerebellum, ACSA‐2 is broadly expressed extending to velate astrocytes in the granular layer, white matter astrocytes, and to a lesser extent to BG. Cell transplantation and transcriptomic analysis revealed that marker staining discriminates two postnatal progenitor pools. One subset is defined by the co‐expression of ACSA‐2 and GLAST and the expression of markers typical of parenchymal astrocytes. These are PWM precursors that are exclusively gliogenic. They produce predominantly white matter and granular layer astrocytes. Another subset is constituted by GLAST positive/ACSA‐2 negative precursors that express neurogenic and BG‐like progenitor genes. This population displays multipotency and gives rise to interneurons besides all glial types, including BG. In conclusion, this work reports about ACSA‐2, a marker that in combination with GLAST enables for the discrimination and isolation of multipotent and glia‐committed progenitors, which generate different types of cerebellar astrocytes.
The impact of talent management practices on employee turnover and retention intentions
Authors: Kumar Sourabh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a continuously changing business
environment, it is the responsibility of the HR department in organizations to
secure and retain the talent necessary for productivity and development. IT sector is one of the most growing sectors and facing the challenge of
employee turnover at a high rate. The objective of the study was to investigate
the contribution of talent management practices in employee retention. A
descriptive study was conducted to find the impact of talent
management strategies on employee retention. A multiple regression model was
developed to analyze the relationship between the variable of talent management
and employee retention. It was found that employees prefer to stay in an
organization that provides the opportunity to develop and grow on the career
ladder also the compensation plans are very helpful in attract and retain the
employees. The study will be useful for planning, drafting, and executing
various strategies to retain the employee. The study can be generalized to
other sectors and there is the scope of future research with the other aspects
of the workforce e.g. work‐life balance, employee engagement in connection with
employee retention.​
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the titanium‐prepared platelet‐rich fibrin effect in free gingival graft procedures
Authors: Koca‐Ünsal Revan Birke , Ünsal Gürkan , Kasnak Gökhan , Fıratlı Yiğit , Özcan İlknur , Orhan Kaan , Fıratlı Erhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplications after free gingival graft (FGG) operations are generally related to the donor site. The titanium‐prepared, platelet‐rich fibrin (T‐PRF) placement in the donor site accelerate the wound healing and prevent postoperative complications such as pain and hemorrhage. We aim to evaluate the effect of T‐PRF regarding vascularization and tissue thickness and to report the advantages of the ultrasonography (US) in FGG.MethodsTen individuals were divided into two groups as T‐PRF and control. While the T‐PRF membrane was placed at the donor site in the T‐PRF group, a gelatin sponge was placed in the control group. All patients underwent US examination in terms of vascularization and tissue thickness of left and right donor sites. The correlation between the right and left donor sites was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. Tissue thicknesses and pulsatility index (PI) were analyzed with independent samples t‐test. The results were evaluated statistically at the P <0.05 significance level.ResultsThe T‐PRF group showed increased vascularity which can be interpreted to improve healing in soft tissue. However, not a difference, but a positively very high correlation was observed between the right and left tissue thicknesses (P = 0,00; r = +0902).ConclusionsEvaluation of tissue thickness and vascularization density of donor sites with US not only increases clinical success rate but also reduces the risk of complications during surgery and postoperative pain in FGG. Studies evaluating T‐PRF membrane as palatal dressing after FGG are only clinical, however, the efficiency of T‐PRF was evaluated radiologically in this study for the first time.
Raman spectra of the Markovka chondrite (H4)
Authors: Voropaev Sergey , Böttger Ute , Pavlov Sergey G. , Hanke Franziska , Petukhov Dmitri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods were used to study the fragment of the Markovka (H4 chondrite) meteorite. A characteristic set of silicate minerals (olivine and pyroxene), oxides and hydroxides (maghemite and goethite), troilite, and carbonates (aragonite) was determined. The structural features revealed by Raman spectroscopy allow us to draw important conclusions on thermal history of the parent body including both the temperature experienced by the rock on the parent body and their cooling rate as well as the constraints on the size of the parent body and the Mg composition of the assumed fluid.
Tourism‐led growth hypothesis: International tourism versus domestic tourism‐Evidence from China
Authors: Lee Chew Ging 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTourism‐led growth hypothesis is widely studied from the international tourism perspective, but the number of studies related to domestic tourism is limited. This study provides an empirical investigation on the impacts of both international and domestic tourism on the economic growth of China, with human capital as a control variable. This study defines the presence of tourism‐led growth as the existence of a cointegrating relationship between international/domestic tourism and national income when national income is the dependent variable. The findings show that international tourism does not influence economic growth, but domestic tourism has an increasing positive impact on economic growth.
Fifty years of nucleophilic substitution in the gas phase
Authors: Wester Roland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBimolecular nucleophilic substitution () reactions have become a model system for the investigation of structure–reactivity relationships, stereochemistry, solvent influences, and detailed atomistic dynamics. In this review, the progress during five decades of experimental and theoretical research on gas phase reactions is discussed. Many advancements of the employed methods have led to a tremendous increase in our understanding of the properties and the dynamics of these reactions. For reactions involving six atoms a quantitative agreement of the differential reactive scattering cross sections has already been achieved, in the future it is expected that even larger polyatomic reactions systems become tractable. Furthermore, studies with higher precision, improved reactant control, and a more accurate theoretical treatment of quantum effects are envisioned.
Betaine Delayed Muscle Loss by Attenuating Samtor Complex Inhibition for mTORC1 Signaling Via Increasing SAM Level
Authors: Chen Si , Lu Xiao‐Ting , He Tong‐Tong , Yishake Dinuerguli , Tan Xu‐Yin , Hou Meng‐Jun , Luo Yun , Long Jing‐An , Tang Zhi‐Hong , Zhong Rong‐Huan , Fang Ai‐Ping , Zhu Hui‐Lian 
Published: June 2021

ScopeThe muscle loss during aging results from the blunt of protein synthesis and poses threat to the elderly health. This study aims to investigate whether betaine affects muscle loss by improving protein synthesis.Methods and ResultsMale C57BL/6J mice are raised from age 12 or 15 months. Mice are fed with AIN‐93M diet without or with 2% w/v betaine in distilled water as control group or betaine intervention group (Bet), respectively. Betaine supplementation to mice demonstrates better body composition, grip strength, and motor function. Muscle morphology upregulates expression of myogenic regulate factors, and elevates myosin heavy chain and also improves in Bet group. Betaine promotes muscle protein synthesis via tethering mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 protein kinase (mTORC1) on the lysosomal membrane thereby activating mTORC1 signaling. All these effects aforementioned are time‐dependent (p < 0.05). Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography results show that betaine increases S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) via methionine cycle. SAM sensor—Samtor—overexpression in C2C12 cells could displace mTORC1 from lysosome thereby inhibiting the mTORC1 signaling. Addition of betaine attenuates this inhibition by increasing SAM level and then disrupting interaction of Samtor complex.ConclusionsThese observations indicate that betaine could promisingly promote protein synthesis to delay age‐related muscle loss.