bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐flow hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detects modified nucleosides in the transfer RNA pool of cyanobacteria
Authors: Qin Yichao , Zhong Qisheng , Zhang Ying , Lin Xiuying , Fu Pengcheng , Lin Huan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost‐transcriptional modification of nucleosides is observed in almost all elements of RNA. Modified nucleosides finely tune the structure of RNA molecules and affect vital functions, such as the modified wobble position 34 of transfer RNAs expanding the reading preference of anticodons to codons. Recent investigations have revealed that the modification species and their frequencies in an RNA element are not stable but vary with specific cellular factors including metabolites and particular proteins (writers, readers, and erasers). To understand the link between dynamic RNA modifications and biological processes, sensitive and reliable methods for determining modified nucleosides are required. In this study, micro‐flow (8 μL/min) hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of adenosine, uridine, cytidine, guanosine, and 20 modified nucleosides. The method was calibrated using 0.1–1000 nM standards (∼0.03–300 ng/mL) and successfully applied to the determination of transfer RNA modifications in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. A protocol for the isolation of a clean transfer RNA pool was optimized, requiring only 25 ng for the identification and quantification of transfer RNA modifications. This micro‐flow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method constitutes the first step toward monitoring dynamic ribonucleoside modifications in a limited RNA sample.
When souvenirs meet online shopping – the effect of food souvenir types on online sales
Authors: Yuan Xina , Xie Yi (Fionna) , Li Shanshi , Shen Yajun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study classified food souvenirs into four categories based on two dimensions of product characteristics (i.e., brand awareness and local relevance) and investigated the differences in their online sales. We also explored the role of online sales platforms and geographical distance in moderating the sales differences among different categories of food souvenirs. Real sales data were collected from a regional enterprise that sells food souvenirs on both local and national online shopping platforms. The data include the sales volume of 606 types of food souvenirs from 2015 to 2018. The results show that food souvenirs characterized by strong brand awareness and high local relevance are the first choice of consumers. Interestingly, consumers value brand awareness more than local relevance when purchasing food souvenirs. Furthermore, the sales platform and geographical distance moderate the sales volume of different types of food souvenirs. Finally, implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
Production and diversity of microorganisms associated with sinking particles in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Church Matthew J. , Kyi Eint , Hall Robert O. , Karl David M. , Lindh Markus , Nelson Alexa , Wear Emma K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSinking particulate organic matter controls the flux of carbon (C) from the surface ocean to the deep sea. Microorganisms actively colonize particles, but the extent to which microbial metabolism influences particle export remains uncertain. We conducted experiments to quantify rates of bacterial production (derived based on 3H‐leucine incorporation) and dark C‐fixation (based on 14C‐bicarbonate assimilation) associated with sinking particles collected from the base of the euphotic zone (175 m) in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Seawater was amended with sinking particles and rates of filter size‐fractionated (0.2, 2, and 20 μm) bacterial production and dark C‐fixation were measured. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicons revealed that microorganisms in the particle‐amended treatments differed from those in the unamended seawater controls, with the particle treatments enriched in putative copiotrophic bacteria. The addition of sinking particles increased rates of bacterial production (by 6‐ to 9‐fold), and to a lesser extent dark C‐fixation (by 1.7‐ to 4.6‐fold), relative to unamended controls, with most of the production associated with filter pore sizes < 20 μm. Normalizing production to concentrations of particulate C yielded rates that were statistically indistinguishable between particle‐amended treatments and unamended controls. We then examined possible relationships between sinking particulate C flux attenuation and its supply to the mesopelagic waters, revealing that flux attenuation was positively related to increases in particulate C supply. Together with results from our experiments, we suggest processes that contribute to sinking particle disaggregation both increase flux attenuation and favor microbial mineralization of particle‐derived organic matter.
Preparation of P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) Adsorbent and Its Application in the Separation of Steviol Glycosides
Authors: Fu Qiaoge , Chen Nana , Wang Guanyu , Guo Ruili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐co‐vinylphenylboronic acid) P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbents are prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) precipitation polymerization with 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) as the functional monomer, and used for selective adsorption of steviol glycosides (SGs). The boron content and pore structure of the P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbent are adjusted by changing the polymerization conditions. The adsorption results show that the pore structure of the P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) affects the adsorption capacity to SGs, the presence of boric acid functional groups shows favorable adsorption selectivity for stevioside (STV), and the adsorption selectivity is proportional to the content of boric acid in P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) adsorbents. The adsorption performance of P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) toward SGs is the best when the ratio of monomer to cross‐linker is 1:50 and the solvent is acetonitrile. In the SG solution (6.0 mg mL−1, CSTV/CRA = 1:1), the adsorption capacities and adsorption selectivity (αSTV/RA) of P(EGDMA‐co‐VPBA) to SGs are 113.20 mg g–1 and 4.99, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data obey pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The boric acid copolymers with VPBA as the monomer prepared by the one‐step method can become a promising material for efficient separation and purification of SGs.
Sleep status of psychiatric nurses: A survey from China
Authors: Lyu Xiaoli , Li Kan , Liu Qin , Wang Xinda , Yang Zhong , Yang Yang , Yang Qun , Wang Hao , Yuan Nian , Ji Caifang , Kong Fanzhen , Li Weiqin , Yin Ming , Li Zhe , Zou Siyun , Zhao Xueli , Fang Xiaojia , Zhang Caiyi , Du Xiangdong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimOur study aimed to evaluate the sleep status of psychiatric nurses in Chinese population and analyse the influencing factors.DesignCross‐sectional, correlation design with logistic regression analysis.MethodsWe investigated 1,044 psychiatric nurses from seven psychiatric hospitals in China. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey were used as main measures.ResultsThe average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 1,044 psychiatric nurses was 7.00 ± 3.59, and 38.63% of nurses had a total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score >7. Our study found that middle‐night shift nurses had poor sleep quality and sleep disorders are positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and cynical disregard for job burnout. Middle‐night shift nurses showed 1.586 times more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those non‐middle‐night shift. The higher the score of emotional exhaustion, the greater the risk of sleep disorders.
Lifestyle modification for weight loss: Effects on cardiorespiratory capacity in patients with class II and class III obesity
Authors: Wammer Finn , Haberberger Andrea , Linge Anita Dyb , Myklebust Tor Åge , Vemøy Sveinung , Hoff Dag Arne Lihaug 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity affects the lungs and airways, limits peak oxygen uptake, and hampers physical performance; however, objective data are scarce. Does lifestyle modification for weight loss (LM) have an impact on cardiorespiratory capacity (CRC) in patients with class II and class III obesity?MethodThis was a single‐center prospective 2‐year follow‐up pilot study. Four separated stays in the inpatient specialized medical center Muritunet with an integrated approach to LM, including an individual plan on diet and physical activity (PA) goals. Furthermore, it included lectures and counseling on human anatomy and physiology, nutrition, physical exercise, and motivation, as well as daily PA. Cardiopulmonary and blood chemistry tests were conducted.ResultsSeventy‐seven participants were included; however, 47% (n = 36) dropped out during follow‐up. Forty‐one participants completed the study. At baseline (BL), the mean age was 45.4 (SD 10.2, range 23–62) years, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 41.3 (SD 5.4) kg/m2, and 85% (n = 35) had one or more comorbidities, such as obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 15, 37%), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 19, 46%), type 2 diabetes (n = 20, 49%), and hypertension (n = 17, 41%). The mean functional residual capacity increased, significantly the second year (p = 0,037). CRC increased significantly the first year (p = 0.032). Weight and BMI declined, reaching statistical significance at 2 years for both males and females (p = 0.033 and p = 0.003, respectively). At BL, the participants reported lower health‐related quality of life compared to the general Norwegian population. Across time the physical component summary score (quality of life) for both males and females (p = 0.011 and p = 0.049, respectively) increased significantly.ConclusionLifestyle modification for weight loss improves CRC in patients with class II and class III obesity.
Assessing polypharmacy in the older population: Comparison of a self‐reported and prescription based method
Authors: Van der Heyden Johan , Berete Finaba , Renard Françoise , Vanoverloop Johan , Devleesschauwer Brecht , De Ridder Karin , Bruyère Olivier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore differences in the prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy in the older general population in Belgium between self‐reported and prescription based estimates and assess the relative merits of each data source.MethodsData were used from participants aged ≥65 years of the Belgian national health survey 2013 (n = 1950). Detailed information was asked on the use of medicines in the past 24 h and linked with prescription data from the Belgian compulsory health insurance (BCHI). Agreement between polypharmacy (use or prescription ≥5 medicines) and excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medicines) between both sources was assessed with kappa statistics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to study determinants of moderate (5–9 medicines) and excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medicines) and over‐ and underestimation of prescription based compared to self‐reported polypharmacy.ResultsSelf‐reported and prescription based polypharmacy prevalence estimates were respectively 27% and 32%. Overall agreement was moderate, but better in men (kappa 0.60) than in women (0.45). Determinants of moderate polypharmacy did not vary substantially by source of outcome indicator, but restrictions in activities of daily living (ADL), living in an institution and a history of a hospital admission was associated with self‐reported based excessive polypharmacy only.ConclusionsSurveys and prescription data measure polypharmacy from a different perspective, but overall conclusions in terms of prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy do not differ substantially by data source. Linking survey data with prescription data can combine the strengths of both data sources resulting in a better tool to explore polypharmacy at population level.
Fiscal decentralization and poverty alleviation: A case study of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Sadia , Hali Shafei Moiz , Ahmad Riaz , Iqbal Sumera , Iftikhar Hamza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to the World Bank, the COVID‐19 pandemic is going to exacerbate the situation of poverty. It predicts that the poverty rate could rise by 0.3 to 0.7 percentage points, to around 9% in 2020. This study aims at providing insights into poverty in Pakistan and analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on poverty alleviation. According to the Asian Development Bank, Pakistan houses roughly 210 million poor people. This study follows the data between 1975 and 2018, applying a unit root test to station this data. The statistical models are developed with a view to the autoregressive distributed lag co‐integration technique for estimation. The findings of the study conclude that fiscal decentralization has a direct and indirect impact in eradicating poverty. We thus conclude that the government should provide autonomy to the provinces in Pakistan, as the central government alone cannot tackle and understand the local problems. Therefore, the government must adopt a fiscal decentralization policy. This study further suggests that the government should effectively utilize the progressive taxation strategy to maximize revenues and cater to poverty alleviation.
Thoracic MDCT findings of a combined congenital lung lesion: Bronchial atresia associated with congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Lee Edward Y. , Vargas Sara O. , Park Halley J. , Plut Domen , Krone Katie A. , Winant Abbey J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the characteristic thoracic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of pathologically proven combined congenital lung lesion consisting of bronchial atresia (BA) and congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) in children.Materials and MethodsAll pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) with a known pathological diagnosis of a combined BA‐CPAM congenital lung lesion, who underwent thoracic MDCT studies from January 2011 to January 2021 were included. Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated thoracic MDCT studies for the presence of abnormalities in the lung, including nodule, mass, cyst, ground‐glass opacity, and consolidation. When a lung abnormality was present, the number, size, composition (solid, cystic, or combination of both), borders (well‐circumscribed vs. ill‐defined), contrast enhancement pattern (nonenhancement vs. enhancement), and location (laterality, and lobar distribution) were also evaluated. Interobserver agreement between two independent reviewers was evaluated with κ statistics.ResultsEighteen contrast‐enhanced thoracic MDCT studies from 18 individual pediatric patients (8 males (44%) and 10 females (56%); mean age: 4.9 months; SD: 2.6; range: 1–10 months) with a pathological diagnosis of combined BA‐CPAM congenital lung lesion comprised the final study population. The most frequent MDCT finding of combined BA‐CPAM congenital lung lesion in children was a solitary (18/18; 100%), well‐circumscribed (18/18; 100%), both solid and cystic (17/18; 94%) lesion with nonenhancing (17/17; 100%) nodule, reflecting the underlying BA component, adjacent to a well‐circumscribed multicystic mass (18/18; 100%), representing the underlying CPAM component. This combined congenital lung lesion occurred in all lobes with similar frequency. There was almost perfect interobserver κ agreement between the two independent reviewers for detecting abnormalities on thoracic MDCT studies (k = 0.98).ConclusionThe characteristic thoracic MDCT findings of a combined BA‐CPAM congenital lung lesion are a solitary, well‐circumscribed solid and multicystic mass, with a nonenhancing nodule, reflecting the BA component, adjacent to a cystic mass, representing the CPAM component. Accurate recognition of these characteristic MDCT findings of combined BA‐CPAM congenital lung lesion has great potential to help differentiate this combined congenital lung lesion from other thoracic pathology in children.
Coefficient tree regression for generalized linear models
Authors: Sürer Özge , Apley Daniel W. , Malthouse Edward C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge regression data sets are now commonplace, with so many predictors that they cannot or should not all be included individually. In practice, derived predictors are relevant as meaningful features or, at the very least, as a form of regularized approximation of the true coefficients. We consider derived predictors that are the sum of some groups of individual predictors, which is equivalent to predictors within a group sharing the same coefficient. However, the groups of predictors are usually not known in advance and must be discovered from the data. In this paper we develop a coefficient tree regression algorithm for generalized linear models to discover the group structure from the data. The approach results in simple and highly interpretable models, and we demonstrated with real examples that it can provide a clear and concise interpretation of the data. Via simulation studies under different scenarios we showed that our approach performs better than existing competitors in terms of computing time and predictive accuracy.
1D‐2D Synergistic MXene‐Nanotubes Hybrids for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bati Abdulaziz S. R. , Hao Mengmeng , Macdonald Thomas J. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wang Lianzhou , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncorporation of 2D MXenes into the electron transporting layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been shown to deliver high‐efficiency photovoltaic (PV) devices. However, the ambient fabrication of the ETLs leads to unavoidable deterioration in the electrical properties of MXene due to oxidation. Herein, sorted metallic single‐walled carbon nanotubes (m‐SWCNTs) are employed to prepare MXene/SWCNTs composites to improve the PV performance of PSCs. With the optimized composition, a power conversion efficiency of over 21% is achieved. The improved photoluminescence and reduced charge transfer resistance revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated low trap density and improved charge extraction and transport characteristics due to the improved conductivity originating from the presence of nanotubes as well as the reduced defects associated with oxygen vacancies on the surface of the SnO2. The MXene/SWCNTs strategy reported here provides a new avenue for realizing high‐performance PSCs.
γ‐Hydroxy Amides from Tartaric Acid: Versatile Chiral Building Blocks for the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Nanda Laxmi Narayan , Shruthi Kodambahalli S. , Prasad Kavirayani R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract“Chiral pool” compounds possessing well defined stereocenters and suitable functionality serve as excellent building blocks for the synthesis of natural products and therapeutically important compounds. Tartaric acid is a C2‐symmetric molecule available in both enantiomeric forms. It was extensively utilized in the synthesis of privileged chiral ligands/catalysts such as TADDOLs, and as a start point in the synthesis of plethora of compounds. The advent of several new C−C bond forming reactions offers opportunity for the development of novel synthetic strategies based on chiral pool compounds. We found that the desymmetrization of the bis‐dimethyl amide/Weinreb amide derived from tartaric acid can be accomplished by controlled addition of Grignard /organolithium reagents leading to the mono keto amides, the reduction of which affords the γ‐hydroxy amides. This account describes our research efforts of more than a decade on the synthesis and application of diverse γ‐hydroxy amides derived from tartaric acid in the total synthesis of structurally simple to complex bio‐active natural products.
Genetic control of kernel compositional variation in a maize diversity panel
Authors: Renk Jonathan S. , Gilbert Amanda M. , Hattery Travis J. , O'Connor Christine H. , Monnahan Patrick J. , Anderson Nickolas , Waters Amanda J. , Eickholt David P. , Flint‐Garcia Sherry A. , Yandeau‐Nelson Marna D. , Hirsch Candice N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is a multi‐purpose row crop grown worldwide, which, over time, has often been bred for increased yield at the detriment of lower composition grain quality. Some knowledge of the genetic factors that affect quality traits has been discovered through the study of classical maize mutants; however, much of the underlying genetic control of these traits and the interaction between these traits remains unknown. To better understand variation that exists for grain compositional traits in maize, we evaluated 501 diverse temperate maize inbred lines in five unique environments and predicted 16 compositional traits (e.g., carbohydrates, protein, and starch) based on the output of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Phenotypic analysis found substantial variation for compositional traits and the majority of variation was explained by genetic and environmental factors. Correlations and trade‐offs among traits in different maize types (e.g., dent, sweetcorn, and popcorn) were explored, and significant differences and meaningful correlations were detected. In total, 22.9–71.0% of the phenotypic variation across these traits could be explained using 2,386,666 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from whole‐genome resequencing data. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using these same markers and found 72 statistically significant SNPs for 11 compositional traits. This study provides valuable insights in the phenotypic variation and genetic control underlying compositional traits that can be used in breeding programs for improving maize grain quality.
Canine and feline haemangiosarcoma
Authors: Griffin Maureen A. , Culp William T. N. , Rebhun Robert B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHaemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant neoplasm of dogs and cats that is suspected to originate from a pluripotent bone marrow progenitor with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis.ApproachPertinent literature was identified, reviewed, and summarized for inclusion in the manuscript.Results/InterpretationDogs are more frequently diagnosed with HSA than cats, and primary sites of this disease include dermal, subcutaneous/intramuscular, and visceral (most commonly the spleen). Dogs and cats with HSA generally have a poor prognosis owing to the rapid and widespread metastasis typically associated with this disease. However, some forms such as cutaneous HSA behave in a less aggressive fashion with improved outcomes. Surgical excision and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, although novel treatment modalities are currently under investigation for potential roles in treatment of this disease.ConclusionThis review aims to describe the clinical presentation and progression of the various forms of HSA in dogs and cats as well as to provide a systematic review of the veterinary literature with a focus on the various published treatment options and associated outcomes.