bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology-based Herbal Formulations: A Survey of Recent Patents,
Advancements, and Transformative Headways
Authors: Kaur Lakhvir , Kaur Anureet , Singh Gurjeet , Dhawan R.K. , Mahajan Ayushi 
Published: April 2021

:
Nanotechnology in association with herbal medicine can lead to enhanced therapeutic
and diminished adverse effects of medication. In turn, it can lead to synergistic effects of administered
compound overcoming its demerits. Nowadays, the trend of herbal compounds to treat even
a small illness is gaining momentum. Gone are the days when the ineffectiveness of a compound
was impossible to be dealt with. Nevertheless, in this competitive era of science and innovative
technology, it has become possible to maximize the usefulness of ineffective yet potent herbal
compounds. The demand for herbal compounds is getting amplified because of their ability to
treat a myriad of diseases, including COVID-19, showing fewer side effects. The merger of nanotechnology
with traditional medicine augments the potential of herbal drugs for devastating dangerous
and chronic diseases like cancer. In this review article, we have tried to assimilate the
complete information regarding the use of different nanocarriers to overcome the drawbacks of
herbal compounds. In addition, all the recent advancements in the herbal field, as well as the future
exploration to be emphasized, have been discussed.
Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study
Authors: Oladeji Olubusola , Zhang Chi , Moradi Tiam , Tarapore Dharmesh , Stokes Andrew C , Marivate Vukosi , Sengeh Moinina D , Nsoesie Elaine O 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing in African countries. Many chronic diseases have been linked to risk factors such as poor diet and physical inactivity. Data for these behavioral risk factors are usually obtained from surveys, which can be delayed by years. Behavioral data from digital sources, including social media and search engines, could be used for timely monitoring of behavioral risk factors.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to propose the use of digital data from internet sources for monitoring changes in behavioral risk factors in Africa.MethodsWe obtained the adjusted volume of search queries submitted to Google for 108 terms related to diet, exercise, and disease from 2010 to 2016. We also obtained the obesity and overweight prevalence for 52 African countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) for the same period. Machine learning algorithms (ie, random forest, support vector machine, Bayes generalized linear model, gradient boosting, and an ensemble of the individual methods) were used to identify search terms and patterns that correlate with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence across Africa. Out-of-sample predictions were used to assess and validate the model performance.ResultsThe study included 52 African countries. In 2016, the WHO reported an overweight prevalence ranging from 20.9% (95% credible interval [CI] 17.1%-25.0%) to 66.8% (95% CI 62.4%-71.0%) and an obesity prevalence ranging from 4.5% (95% CI 2.9%-6.5%) to 32.5% (95% CI 27.2%-38.1%) in Africa. The highest obesity and overweight prevalence were noted in the northern and southern regions. Google searches for diet-, exercise-, and obesity-related terms explained 97.3% (root-mean-square error [RMSE] 1.15) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all 52 countries. Similarly, the search data explained 96.6% (RMSE 2.26) of the variation in the overweight prevalence. The search terms yoga, exercise, and gym were most correlated with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence in countries with the highest prevalence.ConclusionsInformation-seeking patterns for diet- and exercise-related terms could indicate changes in attitudes toward and engagement in risk factors or healthy behaviors. These trends could capture population changes in risk factor prevalence, inform digital and physical interventions, and supplement official data from surveys.
Google Trends in Dermatology: Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sivesind Torunn Elise , Szeto Mindy D , Kim William , Dellavalle Robert Paul 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundGoogle Trends is a powerful online database and analytics tool of popular Google search queries over time and has the potential to inform medical practice and priorities.ObjectiveThis review aimed to survey Google Trends literature in dermatology and elucidate its current roles and relationships with the field.MethodsA literature search was performed using PubMed to access and review relevant dermatology-related Google Trends studies published within the last 5 years.ResultsCurrent research utilizing Google Trends data provides insight related to skin cancer, pruritus, cosmetic procedures, and COVID-19. We also found that dermatology is presently the highest-searched medical specialty—among 15 medical and surgical specialties as well as general practitioners. Google searches related to dermatology demonstrate a seasonal nature for various skin conditions and sun-related topics, depending on a region’s inherent climate and hemi-sphere. In addition, celebrity social media and other viral posts have been found to potentiate Google searches about dermatology and drive public interest.ConclusionsA limited number of relevant studies may have been omitted by the simplified search strategy of this study, as well as by restriction to English language articles and articles indexed in the PubMed database. This could be expanded upon in a secondary systematic review. Future re-search is warranted to better understand how Google Trends can be utilized to improve the quality of clinic visits, drive public health campaigns, and detect disease clusters in real time.
Potential targeted therapy: The role of MicroRNAs in breast cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell regulation
Authors: Satriyo Pamungkas Bagus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the advancement of breast cancer treatment, metastatic breast cancer is remaining as an incurable disease. It contributes to almost 90% of cancer-related death in breast cancer cases. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a serial change of the epithelial cell to gain the mesenchymal-like phenotype. In cancer, the cells that undergo the EMT lose the adherent junction protein, cell polarity, and gain the invasive phenotype. Recent studies showed that the EMT induces the cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in cancer cells. These cells possess self-renewal ability, and multi-lineage differentiation capacity to generate the new bulk of tumor during cancer distant metastasis. Both EMT and cancer stem cells take responsibility in drug-resistant, and relapse cases in breast cancer. In the last decades, a new type of non-coding RNA, microRNA (miR) shows have an important role in the normal physiological and pathophysiological condition such as cancer. Recent studies revealed that the EMT is regulated by microRNAs. In this review, we discussed the microRNAs regulation on the EMT process through TGF-β, and Wnt signaling pathways in breast cancer. Understanding of microRNA regulation in EMT in breast cancer metastasis gives a chance to explore a new therapy approach to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients. In addition, we also explored several potential approaches targeting microRNA as a new approach of cancer treatment.

Keywords: breast cancer, microRNA, EMT, metastasis, targeted therapy.
PROPRIEDADE FAMILIAR E DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL: EVIDÊNCIAS DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS QUE COMPÕEM O ÍNDICE IBRx100 DA B3
Authors: Almeida Dalci Mendes , Flach Leonardo Flach 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar se há uma relação significativa entre propriedade familiar e o desempenho de empresas brasileiras que compõem o índice IBRx100 da B3. Nesta pesquisa, a amostra é formada por 80 empresas, composta por 45 não familiares e 35 familiares. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados Economática®, e também no formulário de referência, para os períodos de 2012 a 2016. O modelo aplicado seguiu o estudo de Shyu (2011) e o método estatístico utilizado foi a modelagem de equações simultâneas em painel e análise descritiva. Não foram confirmadas as hipóteses de que existe relação significativa da propriedade familiar no desempenho de empresas brasileiras, e de que existe um grau de propriedade propício para otimizar o desempenho de empresas familiares brasileiras. A pesquisa traz contribuições teórica, pois avança na temática entre empresa familiar e desempenho empresarial, quando relaciona propriedade familiar com o desempenho econômico, financeiro e de mercado, e prática, por meio da evidência à gestores que o negócio com propriedade familiar nem sempre possui relação significativa nos resultados. Embora os resultados contradigam alguns estudos empíricos anteriores, o conjunto de evidências empíricas desta pesquisa devem ser interpretados com cautela, pois não há consenso entre propriedade familiar e desempenho empresarial. Conclui-se que a propriedade familiar não possui influência no desempenho empresarial.
Physico-Functional and Starch Pasting Properties of Cassava (<em>Manihot Esculenta</em> Cruntz) Flours as Influenced by Processing Technique and Varietal Variations
Authors: Afoakwa E. O. , Sampson Gilbert O. , Nyirenda D. , Mwansa C. N. , Brimer L. , Chiwona-Karltun L. 
Published: April 2021

This study investigated effects of processing technique and varietal variations on the physico-functional, starch pasting and viscoelastic properties of cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) flours using a 3x6 factorial experimental approach. Samples were evaluated for their non-volatile acidity, pH, swelling power, solubility water absorption capacity (27oC and 70oC), colour and starch pasting characteristics of the cassava flours using standard methods. Grating and soaking of the cassava tubers significantly (p<0.05) reduced the pH of all the varieties with concomitant increases in non-volatile acidity. Grating and soaking significantly (p<0.05) reduced the swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity of the flours. Soaked Chila B flour recorded the highest pasting temperature of 66.9°C whiles soaked Mweulu flour recorded the highest peak viscosity (684 BU), viscosity at 95oC (683 BU) and viscosity at 95oC-hold (359 BU), suggesting that the flours from the different cassava varieties could be targeted for different food and industrial products.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important root crop in the world and it provides food for about one billion people globally. It contributes significantly to the economy of most tropical countries through processing into various products. Varietal variation in cassava plays a very important role in the production of diversified food products due to its inherent biochemical characteristics such as starch content, sugar content and pasting characteristics. The biochemical composition in the tubers varies according to varieties. Physico-functional and starch pasting properties of cassava are among the most important parameters used to predict the suitability of flours and starches for certain end product uses, and these would aid the selection of appropriate varieties for use in various food and industrial applications.
Supply of immigrant entrepreneurs and native entrepreneurship
Authors: Ghimire Keshar M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using nationally representative data from the United States, the author estimates the causal impact of immigrant entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial propensities of natives. The author draws data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and uses within-state variation in supply of immigrant entrepreneurs for identification. To address concerns of endogeneity in the supply of immigrant entrepreneurs, the author takes advantage of a quasi-experiment provided by the State Children's Health Insurance Program. While the Ordinary Least Squares estimates indicate a positive effect, the Two Stage Least Squares estimates suggest that, on average, there is no significant effect of immigrant entrepreneurs on native entrepreneurship. Moreover, there is no net effect on subgroups of natives separated by skill level. There is also some evidence that immigrant entrepreneurs may “crowd-in” Blacks into certain types of self-employment. These results are in contrast to the significant negative impact suggested by the previous literature.
Unlinkable Updatable Hiding Databases and Privacy-Preserving Loyalty Programs
Authors: Damodaran Aditya , Rial Alfredo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Loyalty programs allow vendors to profile buyers based on their purchase histories, which can reveal privacy sensitive information. Existing privacy-friendly loyalty programs force buyers to choose whether their purchases are linkable. Moreover, vendors receive more purchase data than required for the sake of profiling. We propose a privacy-preserving loyalty program where purchases are always unlinkable, yet a vendor can profile a buyer based on her purchase history, which remains hidden from the vendor. Our protocol is based on a new building block, an unlinkable updatable hiding database (HD), which we define and construct. HD allows the vendor to initialize and update databases stored by buyers that contain their purchase histories and their accumulated loyalty points. Updates are unlinkable and, at each update, the database is hidden from the vendor. Buyers can neither modify the database nor use old versions of it. Our construction for HD is practical for large databases.
Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds
Authors: Fenske Ellis , Brown Dane , Martin Jeremy , Mayberry Travis , Ryan Peter , Rye Erik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mobile device manufacturers and operating system developers increasingly deploy MAC address randomization to protect user privacy and prevent adversaries from tracking persistent hardware identifiers. Early MAC address randomization implementations suffered from logic bugs and information leakages that defeated the privacy benefits realized by using temporary, random addresses, allowing devices and users to be tracked in the wild. Recent work either assumes these implementation flaws continue to exist in modern MAC address randomization implementations, or considers only dated software or small numbers of devices.
In this work, we revisit MAC address randomization by performing a cross-sectional study of 160 models of mobile phones, including modern devices released subsequent to previous studies. We tested each of these phones in a lab setting to determine whether it uses randomization, under what conditions it randomizes its MAC address, and whether it mitigates known tracking vulnerabilities.
Our results show that, although very new phones with updated operating systems generally provide a high degree of privacy to their users, there are still many phones in wide use today that do not effectively prevent tracking.
Faster homomorphic comparison operations for BGV and BFV
Authors: Iliashenko Ilia , Zucca Vincent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows to compute any function on encrypted values. However, in practice, there is no universal FHE scheme that is effi-cient in all possible use cases. In this work, we show that FHE schemes suitable for arithmetic circuits (e.g. BGV or BFV) have a similar performance as FHE schemes for non-arithmetic circuits (TFHE) in basic comparison tasks such as less-than, maximum and minimum operations. Our implementation of the less-than function in the HElib library is up to 3 times faster than the prior work based on BGV/BFV. It allows to compare a pair of 64-bit integers in 11 milliseconds, sort 64 32-bit integers in 19 seconds and find the minimum of 64 32-bit integers in 9.5 seconds on an average laptop without multi-threading.
Awareness, Adoption, and Misconceptions of Web Privacy Tools
Authors: Story Peter , Smullen Daniel , Yao Yaxing , Acquisti Alessandro , Cranor Lorrie Faith , Sadeh Norman , Schaub Florian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Privacy and security tools can help users protect themselves online. Unfortunately, people are often unaware of such tools, and have potentially harmful misconceptions about the protections provided by the tools they know about. Effectively encouraging the adoption of privacy tools requires insights into people’s tool awareness and understanding. Towards that end, we conducted a demographically-stratified survey of 500 US participants to measure their use of and perceptions about five web browsing-related tools: private browsing, VPNs, Tor Browser, ad blockers, and antivirus software. We asked about participants’ perceptions of the protections provided by these tools across twelve realistic scenarios. Our thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed diverse forms of misconceptions. Some types of misconceptions were common across tools and scenarios, while others were associated with particular combinations of tools and scenarios. For example, some participants suggested that the privacy protections offered by private browsing, VPNs, and Tor Browser would also protect them from security threats – a misconception that might expose them to preventable risks. We anticipate that our findings will help researchers, tool designers, and privacy advocates educate the public about privacy- and security-enhancing technologies.
Investigation of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Activity in Liver Tissue of Rats Fed with Clam (Pecten maximus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: İrkin Latife Ceyda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the most important threats for living things in aquatic ecosystems is environmental pollution. The changes in water quality caused by environmental pollution also reduce the quality of life for organisms in the environment. Among these, the crustaceans which are most affected by the negative changes of environment, fed by the filtration method, are seen as pollution indicator. The consumption of these creatures reaches all steps of the pyramid, especially humans, through the food chain. People who frequently use seafood in their diets may be affected by these negative changes. Heavy metal contents of the clams obtained from Dardanelles were determined by the ICPOES. Twenty-four female Wistar albino rats were fed for 30 days with the experimental diet using clams (Pecten maximus), which was dried and formed into pellets and added to the food in certain proportions. At the end of the study, the subjects were sacrificed under anesthesia, liver tissues were taken, and histochemical examination was performed. TUNEL method was performed to detect apoptotic activity, and immunohistochemical staining with TNF-α and NF-κB antibodies to determine inflammation. Concluding from the results, it was observed that the degeneration of vital digestive system tissues such as liver was inevitable in living creatures that frequently consume seafood obtained from unhealthy environment in their daily diets. The high analysis values of the heavy metal (P. maximus) in food additive can be considered as a reason for histopathological results.
Effects of Interference on Local Peak Pressures Between Two Buildings with an Elliptical Cross-Section
Authors: Franek Michal , Macák Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The interference effects on the distribution of external wind pressure coefficient between two high-rise buildings with an elliptical cross section were studied experimentally at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) at the Faculty of Civil Engineering STU in Bratislava, Slovakia. Various arrangements of models, which were derived from the breadth ratio, were investigated. The peak value of the external wind pressure coefficient for a stand-alone model was measured and compared with the peak value in the case of interference. The measurements showed that the wind loads on buildings in a close vicinity are considerably different from those on a stand-alone building. The interference effects significantly affect negative pressure zones. The optimal and critical arrangements of buildings were evaluated. The elimination of peak negative external wind pressure coefficients can be reduced by half. On the other hand, the interference effects had a strong impact on increasing the peak value of the negative external wind pressure coefficient, which can be more than roughly double compared to an isolated building.
Secondary Tumor Arising in a Nevus Sebaceous
Authors: Jeremić Gajinov Biljana , Prćić Sonja , Simić Milana Ivkov , Vučković Nada , Matić Milan , Golušin Zoran , Vujanović Ljuba 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Nevus sebaceous is a rare congenital hamartoma, composed of epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles. It is possible to develop secondary tumors in the area of nevus sebaceous during the lifetime, most often after puberty. Secondary lesions are most often benign, while malignant lesions may occur but significantly less frequently.

Case report. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient who came for an examination due to the appearance of a nodule in the area of a yellowish lesion on the head. The yellowish lesion was present since birth, and the nodule appeared about a year before. The dermoscopic examination of the lesion was nonspecific. The final diagnosis of eccrine poroma as a secondary lesion in nevus sebaceous was made by pathohisto-logical analysis.

Conclusion. Every secondary tumor in nevus sebaceous deserves full attention, with either close follow up, or excision with pathohistological analysis.
Educación física en Colombia: área fundamental y formación docente
Authors: Valencia Moreno John Edwin , Ayala-Zuluaga José Enver 
Published: April 2021

Resumen
El presente artículo de revisión tiene como propósito abordar elementos que generen reflexión sobre la educación fisica como área fundamental y los procesos de formación de los profesores. Inicialmente se realiza una contextualización del país, posteriormente se abordan aspectos que contribuyeron en la consolidación del área, sus necesidades sociales e influencias políticas, continuando con una breve reconstrucción histórica de la formación docente. Finalmente, se interpretan los programas de formación actual a nivel de pregrado y postgrado para analizar su articulación y calidad.Palabras clave: Educación Física. Formación Docente. Programas de Formación.
Physical education in Colombia: fundamental area and teacher training
Abstract
The purpose of this article of revision is to address elements that generate reflection on physical education as a fundamental area and the training processes of teachers. Initially, a contextualization of the country is carried out, later aspects that contributed to the consolidation of the area, its social needs and political influences are addressed, continuing with a brief historical reconstruction of teacher training. Finally, the current training programs are interpreted at the graduation and postgraduate level to analyze their articulation and quality.Keywords: Physical Education. Teacher Training. Formation Programs.
Educação física na Colômbia: área fundamental e formação de professores
Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é abordar elementos que geram reflexão sobre a educação física como área fundamental e os processos de formação de professores. Inicialmente, é realizada uma contextualização do país, posteriormente são abordados os aspectos que contribuíram para a consolidação da área, suas necessidades sociais e influências políticas, dando continuidade a uma breve reconstrução histórica da formação docente. Por fim, os atuais programas de formação são interpretados em nível de graduação e da pós-graduação para analisar a sua articulação e qualidade.Palavras-chave: Educação Física. Formação Docente. Programas de Formação.