bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone methyltransferase WHSC1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell apoptosis via targeting anti-apoptotic BCL2
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhu Liming , Guo Mei , Sun Gang , Zhou Kun , Pang Wenjing , Cao Dachun , Tang Xin , Meng Xiangjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWHSC1 is a histone methyltransferase that facilitates histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2), which is a permissive mark associated with active transcription. In this study, we revealed how WHSC1 regulates tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our data showed that WHSC1 as well as H3K36me2 were highly expressed in clinical CRC samples, and high WHSC1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis in CRC patients. WHSC1 reduction promoted colon cancer cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. We found that B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression, an anti-apoptotic protein, is markedly decreased in after WHSC1 depletion. Mechanistic characterization indicated that WHSC1 directly binds to the promoter region of BCL2 gene and regulate its H3K36 dimethylation level. What’s more, our study indicated that WHSC1 depletion promotes chemosensitivity in CRC cells. Together, our results suggested that WHSC1 and H3K36me2 modification might be optimal therapeutic targets to disrupt CRC progression and WHSC1-targeted therapy might potentially overcome the resistance of chemotherapeutic agents.
Global tissue transcriptomic analysis to improve genome annotation and unravel skin pigmentation in goldfish
Authors: Gan Wu , Chung-Davidson Yu-Wen , Chen Zelin , Song Shiying , Cui Wenyao , He Wei , Zhang Qinghua , Li Weiming , Li Mingyou , Ren Jianfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGoldfish is an ornamental fish with diverse phenotypes. However, the limited genomic resources of goldfish hamper our understanding of the genetic basis for its phenotypic diversity. To provide enriched genomic resources and infer possible mechanisms underlying skin pigmentation, we performed a large-scale transcriptomic sequencing on 13 adult goldfish tissues, larvae at one- and three-days post hatch, and skin tissues with four different color pigmentation. A total of 25.52 Gb and 149.80 Gb clean data were obtained using the PacBio and Illumina platforms, respectively. Onto the goldfish reference genome, we mapped 137,674 non-redundant transcripts, of which 5.54% was known isoforms and 78.53% was novel isoforms of the reference genes, and the remaining 21,926 isoforms are novel isoforms of additional new genes. Both skin-specific and color-specific transcriptomic analyses showed that several significantly enriched genes were known to be involved in melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, folate biosynthesis metabolism and so on. Thirteen differentially expressed genes across different color skins were associated with melanogenesis and pteridine synthesis including mitf, ednrb, mc1r, tyr, mlph and gch1, and xanthophore differentiation such as pax7, slc2a11 and slc2a15. These transcriptomic data revealed pathways involved in goldfish pigmentation and improved the gene annotation of the reference genome.
An economic and disease transmission model of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer in Texas
Authors: Zhong Chengxue , Xu Li , Peng Ho-Lan , Tam Samantha , Xu Li , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Wu Chi-Fang , Fu Shuangshuang , Chan Wenyaw , Sturgis Erich M. , Ramondetta Lois M. , Rong Libin , Lairson David R. , Miao Hongyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2017, 46,157 and 3,127 new oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) cases were reported in the U.S. and Texas, respectively. About 70% of OPC were attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). However, only 51% of U.S. and 43.5% of Texas adolescents have completed the HPV vaccine series. Therefore, modeling the demographic dynamics and transmission of HPV and OPC progression is needed for accurate estimation of the economic and epidemiological impacts of HPV vaccine in a geographic area. An age-structured population dynamic model was developed for the U.S. state of Texas. With Texas-specific model parameters calibrated, this model described the dynamics of HPV-associated OPC in Texas. Parameters for the Year 2010 were used as the initial values, and the prediction for Year 2012 was compared with the real age-specific incidence rates in 23 age groups for model validation. The validated model was applied to predict 100-year age-adjusted incidence rates. The public health benefits of HPV vaccine uptake were evaluated by computer simulation. Compared with current vaccination program, increasing vaccine uptake rates by 50% would decrease the cumulative cases by 4403, within 100 years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of this strategy was $94,518 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Increasing the vaccine uptake rate by 50% can: (i) reduce the incidence rates of OPC among both males and females; (ii) improve the quality-adjusted life years for both males and females; (iii) be cost-effective and has the potential to provide tremendous public health benefits in Texas.
Increased adiponectin levels are associated with higher radiographic scores in the knee joint, but not in the hand joint
Authors: Xu Haimuzi , Kang Ji-Hyoun , Choi Sung-Eun , Park Dong-Jin , Kweon Sun-Seog , Lee Young-Hoon , Kim Hye-Yeon , Lee Jung-Kil , Shin Min-Ho , Lee Shin-Seok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have evaluated the association between serum adiponectin levels and knee and hand osteoarthritis (OA); mixed results have been reported. We investigated the relationship between OA and serum adiponectin levels according to the radiographic features of knee and hand OA. A total of 2402 subjects was recruited from the Dong-gu Study. Baseline characteristics were collected via a questionnaire, and X-rays of knee and hand joints were scored using a semi-quantitative grading system. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels and radiographic severity was evaluated by linear and logistic regression analysis. Subjects in the higher serum adiponectin levels tertiles were older and had a lower body mass index (BMI) than those in the lower tertiles. Regarding knee joint scores, serum adiponectin levels was positively associated with the total (P < 0.001), osteophyte (P = 0.003), and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores (P < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and physical activity. In terms of hand joint scores, no association was found between serum adiponectin levels and the total, osteophyte, JSN, subchondral cyst, sclerosis, erosion, or malalignment score after the above-mentioned adjustments. Similarly, subjects with serum adiponectin levels above the median had higher total radiographic scores in the knee joints, but not in the hand joints, after adjustment. An increased serum adiponectin levels was associated with a higher radiographic score in the knee joint, but not in the hand joint, suggesting the involvement of different pathophysiologic mechanisms in the development of OA between those joints.
The surprising role of the default mode network in naturalistic perception
Authors: Brandman Talia , Malach Rafael , Simony Erez 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is a group of high-order brain regions recently implicated in processing external naturalistic events, yet it remains unclear what cognitive function it serves. Here we identified the cognitive states predictive of DMN fMRI coactivation. Particularly, we developed a state-fluctuation pattern analysis, matching network coactivations across a short movie with retrospective behavioral sampling of movie events. Network coactivation was selectively correlated with the state of surprise across movie events, compared to all other cognitive states (e.g. emotion, vividness). The effect was exhibited in the DMN, but not dorsal attention or visual networks. Furthermore, surprise was found to mediate DMN coactivations with hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. These unexpected findings point to the DMN as a major hub in high-level prediction-error representations.
The Divider Assay is a high-throughput pipeline for aggression analysis in Drosophila
Authors: Chowdhury Budhaditya , Wang Meng , Gnerer Joshua P. , Dierick Herman A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAggression is a complex social behavior that remains poorly understood. Drosophila has become a powerful model system to study the underlying biology of aggression but lack of high throughput screening and analysis continues to be a barrier for comprehensive mutant and circuit discovery. Here we developed the Divider Assay, a simplified experimental procedure to make aggression analysis in Drosophila fast and accurate. In contrast to existing methods, we can analyze aggression over long time intervals and in complete darkness. While aggression is reduced in the dark, flies are capable of intense fighting without seeing their opponent. Twenty-four-hour behavioral analysis showed a peak in fighting during the middle of the day, a drastic drop at night, followed by re-engagement with a further increase in aggression in anticipation of the next day. Our pipeline is easy to implement and will facilitate high throughput screening for mechanistic dissection of aggression.
Organisational and neuromodulatory underpinnings of structural-functional connectivity decoupling in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zarkali Angeliki , McColgan Peter , Leyland Louise-Ann , Lees Andrew J. , Rees Geraint , Weil Rimona S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParkinson’s dementia is characterised by changes in perception and thought, and preceded by visual dysfunction, making this a useful surrogate for dementia risk. Structural and functional connectivity changes are seen in humans with Parkinson’s disease, but the organisational principles are not known. We used resting-state fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to examine changes in structural-functional connectivity coupling in patients with Parkinson’s disease, and those at risk of dementia. We identified two organisational gradients to structural-functional connectivity decoupling: anterior-to-posterior and unimodal-to-transmodal, with stronger structural-functional connectivity coupling in anterior, unimodal areas and weakened towards posterior, transmodal regions. Next, we related spatial patterns of decoupling to expression of neurotransmitter receptors. We found that dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission relates to decoupling in Parkinson’s overall, but instead, serotonergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic transmission relates to decoupling in patients with visual dysfunction. Our findings provide a framework to explain the specific disorders of consciousness in Parkinson’s dementia, and the neurotransmitter systems that underlie these.
A corset function of exoskeletal ECM promotes body elongation in Drosophila
Authors: Tajiri Reiko , Fujiwara Haruhiko , Kojima Tetsuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBody elongation is a general feature of development. Postembryonically, the body needs to be framed and protected by extracellular materials, such as the skeleton, the skin and the shell, which have greater strength than cells. Thus, body elongation after embryogenesis must be reconciled with those rigid extracellular materials. Here we show that the exoskeleton (cuticle) coating the Drosophila larval body has a mechanical property to expand less efficiently along the body circumference than along the anteroposterior axis. This “corset” property of the cuticle directs a change in body shape during body growth from a relatively round shape to an elongated one. Furthermore, the corset property depends on the functions of Cuticular protein 11 A and Tubby, protein components of a sub-surface layer of the larval cuticle. Thus, constructing a stretchable cuticle and supplying it with components that confer circumferential stiffness is the fly’s strategy for executing postembryonic body elongation.
Conjugate faulting and structural complexity on the young fault system associated with the 2000 Tottori earthquake
Authors: Kato Aitaro , Sakai Shin’ichi , Matsumoto Satoshi , Iio Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYoung faults display unique complexity associated with their evolution, but how this relates to earthquake occurrence is unclear. Unravelling the fine-scale complexity in these systems could lead to a greater understanding of ongoing strain localization in young fault zones. Here we present high-spatial-resolution images of seismic sources and structural properties along a young fault zone that hosted the Tottori earthquake (Mw 6.8) in southwest Japan in 2000, based on data from a hyperdense network of ~1,000 seismic stations. Our precise micro-earthquake catalog reveals conjugate faulting over multiple length scales. These conjugate faults are well developed in zones of low seismic velocity. A vertically dipping seismic cluster of about 200 m length occurs within a width of about 10 m. Earthquake migrations in this cluster have a speed of about 30 m per day, which suggests that fluid diffusion plays a role. We suggest that fine structural complexities influence the pattern of seismicity in a developing fault system.
P2X7 receptor antagonism increases regulatory T cells and reduces clinical and histological graft-versus-host disease in a humanised mouse model
Authors: Cuthbertson Peter , Geraghty Nicholas J. , Adhikary Sam R. , Casolin Sienna , Watson Debbie , Sluyter Ronald 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a severe inflammatory response arising from allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Previous studies revealed that antagonism of the P2X7 receptor with Brilliant Blue G (BBG) reduced liver GVHD but did not alter clinical GVHD in a humanised mouse model. Therefore, the present study aimed to trial a modified injection regime using more frequent dosing of BBG to improve outcomes in this model of GVHD. NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 × 106 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) (day 0), then daily with BBG (50 mg/kg) or saline (days 0–10). BBG significantly reduced clinical score, mortality and histological GVHD compared with saline treatment (endpoint). BBG significantly increased proportions of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) and human B cells and reduced serum human interferon-γ compared with saline treatment prior to development of clinical GVHD (day 21). To confirm the therapeutic benefit of P2X7 antagonism, NSG mice were injected i.p. with 10 × 106 hPBMCs (day 0), then daily with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS) (300 mg/kg) or saline (days 0–10). PPADS increased human Treg proportions compared with saline treatment (day 21), but potential clinical benefits were confounded by increased weight loss with this antagonist. To investigate the role of P2X7 antagonism on Treg survival, hPBMCs were cultured in reduced serum conditions to promote cell death. BBG increased proportions of Tregs (and B cells) compared with saline under these conditions. In conclusion, P2X7 antagonism reduces clinical and histological GVHD in a humanised mouse model corresponding to an increase in human Tregs.
Volume and Verve: Understanding Correction/Behavioral Warnings in Teacher–Child Classroom Interactions Involving an African American Kindergarten Student
Authors: Hamilton Megan-Brette , DeThorne Laura 
Published: January 2021

PurposeUsing a framework of culturally and linguistically responsive classroom management, this study employed both quantitative and qualitative analyses of ethnographic data to illustrate patterns of corrections/behavioral warnings in teacher–child interactions for an African American child in the classroom.MethodThree child participants and their teacher were recruited for the study: MJ, an African American kindergartner, the focal child, and two same-sex Filipino classmates who spoke a nonmainstream dialect of English, Ben and Leo, for frame of reference. None of the three boys were diagnosed with language-learning difficulties. Data analyses included (a) categorical analyses of observational field notes taken across a 7-week period of classroom observation and (b) situated discourse analysis taken from video-recorded small group literacy lessons also in the classroom.ResultsTwo key findings emerged. First, MJ, the focal participant, received a relatively high frequency of correction/behavioral warnings, both relative to the other forms of teacher-initiated interaction and also relative to his two classmates. Second, the majority of MJ's corrections/behavioral warnings were directed toward his volume and verve—features that have been associated with the communication style of many African American students.ConclusionsWe need to include teachers and administrators in our discussions about the communication style of African American students and broaden these discussions to explicitly consider the influence of nonverbal features, such as volume and verve, on patterns of teacher–student communication interactions. In particular, such communication features may be contributing to high-stakes outcomes for African American children, such as referrals, diagnoses, educational placements, and disciplinary actions.
Language Use and Development in Third-Person Singular Contexts: Assessment Implications
Authors: Newkirk-Turner Brandi L. , Green Lisa 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this assessment-focused clinical focus article is to increase familiarity with African American English (AAE)–speaking children's pattern of language use in third-person singular contexts and to discuss implications for speech-language assessments of developing AAE-speaking children.MethodThe clinical focus draws on descriptive case study data from four typically developing child speakers of AAE who are between the ages of 3 and 5 years. The children's data from three different sources—sentence imitation, story retell, and play-based language samples—were subjected to linguistic analyses.ResultsThe three sources of linguistic data offered different insights into the children's production of–sand other linguistic patterns in third-person singular contexts.ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of exploring developing child AAE from a descriptive approach to reveal different types of information about patterns of morphological marking in different linguistic contexts, which is crucial in assessing developing AAE. Implications for language assessment are discussed.
Teacher Report of Students' Dialect Use and Language Ability
Authors: Hendricks Alison Eisel , Jimenez Carolyn 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
For many school-age children, teachers are the first professionals to refer for speech/language services. However, many speech-language pathologists note that students without language disorders who speak non–mainstream American English (NMAE) dialects are referred to speech/language evaluation. This research note presents results of a preliminary study exploring teachers' ability to report student dialect use and how teacher reports of language ability depend on their perception of the student's dialect use.

Method
Teachers completed a brief two-question survey about students' dialect use and a standardized questionnaire about students' language and literacy skills for 254 students (K‑second grades). A subset of 30 students completed a standardized screener of dialect use and language ability.

Results

Teachers reported that 12.2% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, whereas 77.2% did not. In sharp contrast, the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test indicated that 63% of students spoke an NMAE dialect, and 37% spoke MAE, suggesting a discrepancy between teachers' perceptions of dialect use and children's dialect use. Written responses suggested teachers may confuse NMAE dialect use and bilingualism or speech/language difficulties. Interestingly, teachers reported lower language skills among students they believe speak an NMAE dialect (
p
= .021).

Conclusions
These results provide preliminary evidence that teachers may have difficulty determining student dialect use and may report lower language skills for students they believe speak an NMAE dialect. Interprofessional collaborations between teachers and speech-language pathologists may be able to reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis of language disorders among students who speak NMAE dialects.
Hierarchical global fast terminal sliding‐mode control for a bridge travelling crane system
Authors: Yang Weilin , Chen Jiayu , Xu Dezhi , Yan Xinggang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe bridge crane system is a typical under‐actuated system that is widely used in production and life. Although various scholars have conducted extensive research on the bridge crane system in recent years, there are still many problems, such as the trajectory planning of the cart and the anti‐sway control of the cargo. In order to tackle the problem of the anti‐sway control of the cargo, a hierarchical global fast terminal sliding‐mode control (H‐GFTSMC) is developed in this work. First, the Lagrange equations are used to model the system dynamics. Then, an appropriate hierarchical global fast terminal sliding‐mode controller is designed to achieve anti‐sway control of the cargo, and it is proved that each sliding‐mode surface is progressively stable. A series of simulations were implemented to verify the effectiveness of the control method. The simulation results show that the H‐GFTSMC has better control performance compared with the proportional–integral–derivative control method. When changing the cable length or adding non‐negligible noise to the system, the H‐GFTSMC still has good robustness.
Behandle deinen Patienten und nicht Covid-19!
Authors: Müller Dominik 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie homöopathischen Behandlungsverläufe (ambulant / stationär) von 4 Patienten, die sich mit Covid-19 infiziert haben, werden vorgestellt. Wichtige Aspekte wie die Häufigkeit von Follow-ups, Erfassung von Vitalparametern, Möglichkeiten der Arzneiwahl, Differenzialdiagnose, Potenzhöhe und Häufigkeit der Arzneigabe werden diskutiert.
Reconfigurable laminates enable multifunctional robotic building blocks
Authors: Jiang Mingsong , Gravish Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Folding and assembling of two-dimensional laminated materials have greatly facilitated robot fabrication by creating robots with lightweight body frames, articulated joints, and embedded actuators and sensors. The combinations of rigid laminates bridged by thin-film flexures, often called rigid-flex linkages, have been extensively used in micro- and macro-scale robots to achieve complex joint motions with simplified kinematic and dynamic properties. Much like traditional robots these rigid-flex laminate robots are designed with a fixed body-plan, and thus may face challenges when environments require mechanical reconfiguration such as stiffening joints for load support or changing appendage morphologies for navigating confined spaces. Recent advances in adaptive materials and smart actuators have highlighted the features that robots with morphable geometries and tunable mechanical properties can provide, such as self-folding joints and variable stiffness and damping mechanisms. However, incorporation of these reconfigurable elements into laminate robots has been limited. In this paper, we present a new method for creating quasi two-dimensional structures for robotics, called reconfigurable laminates, that use geometric reconfiguration of laminate layers to alter passive mechanical properties and actuate joints. Unlike traditional rigid-flex linkages with single-layered flexures, here we create laminate joints with dual-layered soft hinges and rigid channels allowing a multitude of reconfiguration opportunities including: sliding-layer laminates for passive stiffness control, snapping-hinge locks for reconfigurable joints, and buckle-bend joints for bending actuation. Through experimental characterization we demonstrate the capabilities of these multifunctional robotic building blocks.