bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multidimensional Model of Religiosity from Adolescence through the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Hayward George M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile many multidimensional models of religiosity have been proposed over the years across a range of samples, nearly all are cross‐sectional; this prohibits the assessment of model change or stability over time, particularly with regard to developmental changes at critical junctures in the life course. Recently, a longitudinal, five‐dimensional model of religiosity during adolescence was proposed and validated, making significant progress in this regard. This research note now attempts to replicate this model on the young adult sample from the same study. Using data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, results show support for a modified version of this typology over time––one that combines the two dimensions of religious practice and incorporates a number of cross‐loadings between dimensions. Importantly, this model fits well across both adolescence and young adulthood, lending strong support for these four dimensions of religiosity, their indicators, and their persistence as valid measures across a decade of developmental change.
First data on aquaculture of the Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, a promising candidate species for U.S. marine aquaculture
Authors: Saillant Eric , Adams Nicholas , Lemus Jason T. , Franks James S. , Zohar Yonathan , Stubblefield John , Manley Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Tripletail, Lobotes surinamensis, is a warm‐water pelagic fish that is increasingly targeted by U.S. anglers. The superior quality of Tripletail flesh coupled with the lack of domestic commercial fisheries stimulated interests to develop aquaculture of this species. In this work, photo‐thermal conditioning of captive‐held broodstocks promoted maturation in females, but spontaneous spawning was not observed. GnRHa slow‐release implants induced ovulation in late vitellogenic females but fertility remained below 10% when GnRHa was administered alone. However, spawns with high fertility (up to 85%) were obtained when a dopamine antagonist was administered in conjunction with GnRHa implants indicating dopamine inhibition impaired final gamete maturation, in particular sperm production in males, in aquaculture conditions. Tripletail larvae successfully initiated exogenous feeding on enriched rotifers followed by Artemia nauplii and were weaned to prepared feeds at 25 days post hatch, yet with low survival through the late phases of larval culture. Pilot grow‐out trials at low density in recirculating systems revealed impressive growth rates averaging over 170 g/month through a market size above 1 kg. While protocols for hatchery culture and grow‐out still need to be optimized, current data suggest that Tripletail could become a successful species for U.S. marine aquaculture.
The influence of hemorrhagic shock on ocular microcirculation by obtained by laser speckle flowgraphy in a white rabbit model
Authors: Watanabe Kento , Shiba Tomoaki , Komatsu Tetsuya , Sakuma Kiyoshi , Aimoto Megumi , Nagasawa Yoshinobu , Takahara Akira , Hori Yuichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo clarify the continuous changes in the retinal vessels’ and choroid's microcirculation during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in a rabbit model.MethodsHemorrhagic shock by the removal of blood (30 mL) and resuscitation by a blood‐return technique was induced in anesthetized male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10). We evaluated the retinal vessel blood flow (relative flow volume: RFV) and choroidal blood flow (mean blur rate in the choroid area: MBR‐CH) by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), with simultaneous measurements of systemic hemodynamics and laboratory parameters.ResultsRFV and MBR‐CH showed significant decreases immediately after the initiation of blood removal and recovered by blood return. The lactate concentration tended to increase from baseline by the blood‐removal operation, and it was significantly higher at the end of observation period. The %RFV and %MBR‐CH each showed a significant positive correlation with mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, carotid blood flow, and central venous pressure. %RFV showed a significant positive correlation with %central venous oxygen saturation and negatively correlated with %lactate. The %hemoglobin did not show a significant correlation with %RFV or %MBR‐CH.ConclusionThis rabbit hemorrhagic shock model confirmed that ocular microcirculation measurements by LSFG feasibly reflect variations in systemic hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock and recovery.
Axillary Digital Thermometers uplifted a multidrug‐susceptible Candidaauris outbreak among COVID‐19 patients in Brazil
Authors: Nobrega de Almeida João , Brandão Igor B. , Francisco Elaine C. , de Almeida Silvio Luis R. , de Oliveira Dias Patrícia , Pereira Felicidade M. , Santos Ferreira Fábio , de Andrade Thaisse Souza , de Miranda Costa Magda M. , de Souza Jordão Regiane T. , Meis Jacques F. , Colombo Arnaldo L. ,   The Candida auris Brazilian Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the first outbreak of Candida auris in Brazil, including epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data.MethodsAfter the first Candida auris‐colonised patient was diagnosed in a COVID‐19 ICU at a hospital in Salvador, Brazil, a multidisciplinary team conducted a local C. auris prevalence investigation. Screening cultures for C. auris were collected from patients, healthcare workers and inanimate surfaces. Risk factors for C. auris colonisation were evaluated, and the fungemia episodes that occurred after the investigation were also analysed and described. Antifungal susceptibility of the C. auris isolates was determined, and they were genotyped with microsatellite analysis.ResultsAmong body swabs collected from 47 patients, eight (n = 8/47, 17%) samples from the axillae were positive for C. auris. Among samples collected from inanimate surfaces, digital thermometers had the highest rate of positive cultures (n = 8/47, 17%). Antifungal susceptibility testing showed MICs of 0.5 to 1 mg/L for AMB, 0.03 to 0.06 mg/L for voriconazole, 2 to 4 mg/L for fluconazole and 0.03 to 0.06 mg/L for anidulafungin. Microsatellite analysis revealed that all C. auris isolates belong to the South Asian clade (Clade I) and had different genotypes. In multivariate analysis, having a colonised digital thermometer was the only independent risk factor associated with C. auris colonisation. Three episodes of C. auris fungemia occurred after the investigation, with 30‐day attributable mortality of 33.3%.ConclusionsEmergence of C. auris in Salvador, Brazil, may be related to local C. auris clade I closely related genotypes. Contaminated axillary monitoring thermometers may facilitate the dissemination of C. auris reinforcing the concept that these reusable devices should be carefully cleaned with an effective disinfectant or replaced by other temperature monitoring methods.
Canopy and understory nitrogen addition have different effects on fine root dynamics in a temperate forest: implications for soil carbon storage
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Zhang Chenlu , Zhang Beibei , Wu Di , Shi Yifei , Zhang Wei , Ye Qing , Yan Junhua , Fu Juemin , Fang Chengliang , Ha Denglong , Fu Shenglei 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on fine root dynamics and the potential underlying mechanisms is required to understand the changes in belowground and aboveground carbon storage. However, research on these effects in forests has mostly involved direct understory addition of N and has ignored canopy interception and processing of N.

Here, we conducted a field experiment comparing the effects of canopy addition of N (CAN) with those of understory addition of N (UAN) at three N‐addition rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N ha–1 yr–1) on fine root dynamics in a temperate deciduous forest.

Fine root production and biomass were significantly higher with CAN than with UAN. At the same N‐addition rate, increases in fine root production with CAN were at least two‐fold greater than with UAN. At the high N‐addition rate and relative to the control, fine root biomass was significantly increased by CAN (by 23.5%) but was significantly decreased by UAN (by 12.2%).

Our results indicate that traditional UAN may underestimate the responses of fine root dynamics to atmospheric N deposition in forest ecosystems. Canopy N processes should be considered for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
Human and Animal Well‐Being
Authors: Bruckner Donald W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is almost no theoretical discussion of non‐human animal well‐being in the philosophical literature on well‐being. To begin to rectify this, I develop a desire satisfaction theory of well‐being for animals. I contrast this theory with my desire theory of well‐being for humans, according to which a human benefits from satisfying desires for which she can offer reasons. I consider objections. The most important are (1) Eden Lin's claim that the correct theory of well‐being cannot vary across different welfare subjects and (2) his objection against theories of human well‐being that require exercising a sophisticated capacity such as reason giving.
Intra‐specific kin recognition contributes to inter‐specific allelopathy: A case study of allelopathic rice interference with paddy weeds
Authors: Xu You , Cheng Hui‐Fang , Kong Chui‐Hua , Meiners Scott J. 
Published: May 2021

SummarySpecies interactions and mechanisms affect plant coexistence and community assembly. Despite increasing knowledge of kin recognition and allelopathy in regulating inter‐specific and intra‐specific interactions among plants, little is known about whether kin recognition mediates allelopathic interference. We used allelopathic rice cultivars with the ability for kin recognition grown in kin versus non‐kin mixtures to determine their impacts on paddy weeds in field trials and a series of controlled experiments. We experimentally tested potential mechanisms of the interaction via altered root behaviour, allelochemical production and resource partitioning in the dominant weed competitor, as well as soil microbial communities. We consistently found that the establishment and growth of paddy weeds were more inhibited by kin mixtures compared to non‐kin mixtures. The effect was driven by kin recognition that induced changes in root placement, altered weed carbon and nitrogen partitioning, but was associated with similar soil microbial communities. Importantly, genetic relatedness enhanced the production of intrusive roots towards weeds and reduced the production of rice allelochemicals. These findings suggest that relatedness allows allelopathic plants to discriminate their neighbouring collaborators (kin) or competitors and adjust their growth, competitiveness and chemical defense accordingly.
When the heat is on: High temperature resistance of buds from European tree species
Authors: Bär Andreas , Schröter Dennis Marko , Mayr Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe heat resistance of meristematic tissues is crucial for the survival of plants exposed to high temperatures, as experienced during a forest fire. Although the risk and frequency of forest fires are increasing due to climate change, knowledge about the heat susceptibility of buds, which enclose apical meristems and thus enable resprouting and apical growth, is scarce. In this study, the heat resistance of buds in two different phenological stages was experimentally assessed for 10 European tree species. Cellular heat tolerance of buds was analyzed by determining the electrolyte leakage following heat exposure. Further, the heat insulation capability was tested by measuring the time required to reach lethal internal temperatures linked to bud traits. Our results highlighted differences in cellular heat tolerance and insulation capability among the study species. The phenological stage was found to affect both the thermal stability of cells and the buds' insulation. Further, a good relationship between size‐related bud traits and insulation capability was established. Species‐specific data on the heat resistance of buds give a more accurate picture of the fire susceptibility of European tree species and provide useful information for estimating tree post‐fire responses more precisely.
Mechanisms by which mastitis affects reproduction in dairy cow: A review
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhou Changhai , Basang Wangdui , Zhu Yanbin , Wang Xin , Li Chunjin , Chen Lu , Zhou Xu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReproductive performance is a key factor in determining the profitability of dairy farm, which is affected by many factors such as environment and diseases. Mastitis is a common and important disease, which has caused huge economic losses to the dairy industries worldwide. Mammary gland infection causes immune responses, resulting in the abnormal secretion of cytokines and hormones and abnormal function of the reproductive system such as the ovary, corpus luteum, uterus and embryo. Cows with mastitis have delayed oestrus, decreased pregnancy rate and increased risk of abortion. The adverse effects of mastitis on reproductive performance are affected by many factors, such as occurrence time, pathogen and cow factors. This paper primarily reviews the progress in the effects and mechanisms of mastitis on reproductive performance, with emphasis on maternal transcriptome, genomic analysis, epigenetic modification, microbiota, inflammatory regulation and immune evasion mechanism of mastitis, aiming to provide directions for the prevention and control of mastitis in the future.
Transnational literary exchange in the early modern Low Countries
Authors: Bloemendal Jan , Parente James A. , Smith Nigel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDutch culture in the Golden Age has long attracted the attention of scholars working in early modern European history, and the centrality of the urban culture of the Dutch Republic, especially in Holland, in European and global affairs has been frequently noted. Despite the role that the emerging global city of Amsterdam played as the site of economic and social transactions from across all known continents, the position of early modern Dutch intellectual life within this context of transnational exchange has been surprisingly underexplored. With some exceptions, Dutch art, literature, philosophy, religion and science have primarily been investigated within the boundaries of the Dutch Golden Age, and until the last decade, there has been little research on the complex networks of Dutch scholars, writers, diplomats, artists, publishers, and performers who participated in the international exchange of ideas within Europe, the transmission of Dutch language and culture abroad, and the reception and dissemination of European thought within, through, and beyond the Low Countries.
How many more? Under‐reporting of the COVID‐19 deaths in Brazil in 2020
Authors: Kupek Emil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the magnitude of under‐reporting the number of deaths due to COVID‐19 in Brazil in 2020, previously shown to occur due to low rate of laboratory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2, reporting delay, inadequate access to medical care, and its poor quality, leading to the low sensitivity of epidemiological surveillance and poor outcomes, often without laboratory confirmation of the cause of death.MethodsExcess mortality due to COVID‐19 was estimated directly based on various data sources, and indirectly, based on the difference between the observed and expected number of deaths from serious acute respiratory infection (SARI) and all‐natural causes in 2020 had there been no COVID‐19. The absence of laboratory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 was adjusted based on the proportion of those who tested positive among the tested individuals whose death was attributed to COVID‐19. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) were used to improve prediction of likely mortality without COVID‐19 in 2020.ResultsUnder‐reporting of COVID‐19 deaths was 22.62%, with a corresponding mortality rate per 100 000 inhabitants of 115 by the direct method, 71–76 by the indirect methods based on the excess SARI mortality and 95–104 by excess mortality due to natural causes. COVID‐19 was the third cause of mortality that contributed directly with 18%, and indirectly with additional 10–11% to all deaths in Brazil in 2020.ConclusionsUnderestimation of COVID‐19 mortality between 1:5 and 1:4 is likely its lower bound. Timely and accurate surveillance of death causes is of the essence to evaluate the COVID‐19 burden.
Tissue‐specific expression of GhnsLTPs identified via GWAS sophisticatedly coordinates disease and insect resistance by regulating metabolic flux redirection in cotton
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhang Yan , Sun Zhengwen , Liu Zhengwen , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Jun , Wang Guoning , Wu Jinhua , Ke Huifeng , Meng Chengsheng , Wu Lizhu , Yan Yuanyuan , Cui Yanru , Li Zhikun , Wu Liqiang , Zhang Guiyin , Wang Xingfen , Ma Zhiying 
Published: May 2021

SummaryCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is constantly attacked by pathogens and insects. The most efficient control strategy is to develop resistant varieties using broad‐spectrum gene resources. Several resistance loci harboured by superior varieties have been identified through genome‐wide association studies. However, the key genes and/or loci have not been functionally identified. In this study, we identified a locus significantly associated with Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance, and within a 145.5‐kb linkage disequilibrium, two non‐specific lipid transfer protein genes (named GhnsLTPsA10) were highly expressed under Verticillium pathogen stress. The expression of GhnsLTPsA10 significantly increased in roots upon Verticillium dahliae stress but significantly decreased in leaves under insect attack. Furthermore, GhnsLTPsA10 played antagonistic roles in positively regulating VW and Fusarium wilt resistance and negatively mediating aphid and bollworm resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis and silenced cotton. By combining transcriptomic, histological and physiological analyses, we determined that GhnsLTPsA10‐mediated phenylpropanoid metabolism further affected the balance of the downstream metabolic flux of flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis. The divergent expression of GhnsLTPsA10 in roots and leaves coordinated resistance of cotton against fungal pathogens and insects via the redirection of metabolic flux. In addition, GhnsLTPsA10 contributed to reactive oxygen species accumulation. Therefore, in this study, we elucidated the novel function of GhnsLTP and the molecular association between disease resistance and insect resistance, balanced by GhnsLTPsA10. This broadens our knowledge of the biological function of GhnsLTPsA10 in crops and provides a useful locus for genetic improvement of cotton.
Unspectacular spaces of slow wounding in Palestine
Authors: Joronen Mikko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to develop a notion of violence based on the ability to wound slowly. It starts by exploring everyday events in a strangulated West Bank site struggling with Israel's colonisation and settlement policies, thus painting a nuanced picture on how slowness and slow proceedings wound through unspectacular events and mundane spatialisations. The spatially manifold picture of “slow wounding” is thus offered, one that not only helps in showing how ordinary spaces and unspectacular events can wound, but that also forces us to ask how wounding through slowness becomes possible in the first place. In the latter regard, it is shown how the power of slowness remains embedded in what consists of our fundamental exposure to a wound of living. Such exposure doesn't merely name the woundedness of life to power, but also the woundedness of power itself. On the one hand, slow wounding is enabled by the woundedness, while on the other hand it is fundamentally limited by it. While this ambiguity is shown to unfold in the inherent incapacity of power to ever fully force Palestinian lives under the established orders of governing, most notably it unearths the way in which particular ways of wounding are complexly entwined around life's incurable proneness to a wound – to a wound of being a living being.
Outcome and postoperative complications in 73 dogs with thyroid carcinoma with gross vascular invasion managed with thyroidectomy
Authors: Latifi Max , Skinner Owen T. , Spoldi Elisa , Ackerman Leah , Souza Carlos H. De M. , Yoon Jin , Vinayak Arathi , Tuohy Joanne L. , Wallace Mandy L. , Dornbusch Josephine A. , Selmic Laura E. , Menard Jenna , Sumner Julia P. , Schrock Kelly C. , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Matz Brad M. , Daniel Todd E. , Mickelson Megan A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExcellent outcomes have been reported following thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma in dogs, but outcomes for thyroid carcinomas with gross vascular invasion are poorly described. This study describes the clinical outcomes and complications in dogs with thyroid carcinomas with gross vascular invasion undergoing thyroidectomy. Medical records of dogs that underwent thyroidectomy between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2019 were reviewed at 10 hospitals. Signalment, diagnostic data, primary and adjuvant treatments performed, and outcome were abstracted. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with disease‐specific survival. Seventy‐three dogs were included, of which 58 underwent unilateral thyroidectomy and 15 underwent bilateral thyroidectomy. Complications were reported in five dogs (three major, two minor; 6.8%) intraoperatively and 12 dogs (two major leading to death, 10 minor; 16.4%) postoperatively. Seven (9.6%) dogs developed locoregional recurrence at a median of 238 days postoperatively (range: 15–730 days). Distant metastasis was suspected or confirmed in nine dogs (12.3%) at a median of 375 days postoperatively (range: 50–890 days). Twenty‐seven dogs (37%) received adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy:n = 21; radiotherapy:n = 6). Thirty‐nine dogs were euthanized or died, with 20 deaths related to disease (n = 10) or of unknown cause (n = 10), 19 due to unrelated causes, and nine lost to follow‐up. Median overall and disease‐specific survival were 621 days and not reached respectively. One‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 82.5%. No variables were associated with disease‐specific survival in our dataset. Surgery may be considered for loco‐regional therapy in dogs with thyroid carcinoma with gross vascular invasion.