P–480 Adding fuel to the flame of low fertility: Fertility intention and perceived socio-political stability of young adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan C , So Y K G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Study question
How does perceived socio-political stability impact on the fertility intention of Hong Kong adults?

Summary answer
Political and economic uncertainties play an especially significant role in reproductive decision-making among young adults in Hong Kong, where traditional family beliefs diminish in importance.

What is known already
Hong Kong has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, despite the importance placed on values like family lineage and childbearing as a filial obligation. Previous investigation of Hong Kong students’ perception of reproduction showed that proximal factors such as having a stable relationship and personal maturity as the most important conditions for parenthood. It is yet to be explored whether more distal factors such as the economy and political stability also play a role in reproductive decision-making among Hong Kong adults, especially under the influence of the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement from onwards.

Study design, size, duration
This study uses cross-sectional data from an online survey that explores the fertility attitudes, intentions, and behaviours and perceived socio-political stability of Hong Kong Chinese adults. Data were collected between July and August 2020.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Participants were 629 childless Hong Kong Chinese women (mean age = 30±6.68) recruited through community network and social media. Participants answered questions on fertility intention, and rated the extent to which ‘political environment’, ‘economic stability’ and ‘education system’ are important social-political factors in considering family formation, and to which they agree with traditional family beliefs. We conducted binary logistic regression with fertility intention as the criterion variable and social-political factors of family formation as predictors.

Main results and the role of chance
Participants considered the ‘political environment’ and ‘education system’ very important factors when considering family formation, especially among those aged 25 or below. More than 70% of respondents said they would like to have children, yet only 44% said they plan on actualizing their parenthood goals in the near future. Regression analyses showed significant main effects of age and gender on fertility intention, such that younger (P&lt;.001) and male (P&lt;.01) participants were less likely to intend on becoming parents. The more participants valued ‘political environment’ (B = 0.48, P&lt;.001) and ‘economic stability’ (B = 0.39, P&lt;.05), the less likely it is for them to intend on becoming parents, controlling for age and gender. There was also significant interaction between age and importance of ‘political environment’ (P&lt;.01), indicating that for whom ‘political environment’ is an important condition for parenthood, younger participants had lower intention of having children than older participants. There was no significant effect of gender. Overall, participants did not subscribe to traditional beliefs such as that childbearing is ‘a necessary part of married life’ or that it is ‘a filial obligation as sons or daughters’ (ratings = 1.95 – 3.05, out of 5).

Limitations, reasons for caution
Participants were recruited by self-selection through community network and social media, potentially favouring individuals who were more concerned with fertility issues to begin with. Additionally, men were largely under-represented in this sample (15%), potentially obscuring any significant gender differences relating to traditional family beliefs and determinants of reproductive decisions.
Wider implications of the findings: With economic and political uncertainties expected to persist, these findings call for increased psychosocial and fertility education for young adults in navigating long-term parenthood goals and reproductive options, and policies that assist young adults in overcoming personal and structural barriers to parenthood amid diminishing confidence in governmental support.

Trial registration number
Not applicable