bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total ankle replacement along with subtalar joint arthrodesis: In‐vitro and in‐silico biomechanical investigations
Authors: Taghizadeh Yousef , Chitsazan Ahmad , Pezeshki Saeid , Taghizadeh Hadi , Rouhi Gholamreza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTotal ankle replacement (TAR) and subtalar joint (STJ) fusion, are popular treatments for ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Short endurance limits the former, and movement disability comes with the latter. It is hypothesized here that fusion of the STJ can improve the longevity of the TAR prosthesis. In this study, a fresh human cadaver's ankle joint underwent TAR surgery, and strain patterns in the vicinity of prosthesis were recorded after the application of axial compressive load on tibia, resembling stance phase of the gait. Then, STJ of the same sample fused (FTAR), and a similar test procedure was pursued. The obtained strains in the FTAR were smaller than those of the TAR (p < .01). Finite element models of the tested samples were also made, and validated by experimental strains. The validated FE models were then employed to find stress distribution on the tibial plateau and prosthesis compartments. FTAR demonstrated more regular stress profiles in bone‐prosthesis interface. Also, maximum von Mises stress in the talar component of the FTAR is approximately half of that in the TAR (8 and 15 MPa, respectively). Based on the results of this study, having a more symmetric load distribution on the prosthesis after STJ fusion, longevity of the TAR may likely increase.
An inverse technique to identify participant‐specific bone adaptation from serial CT measurements
Authors: Kemp Tannis D. , Besler Bryce A. , Boyd Steven K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimulated bone adaptation is framed as an interface evolution problem. The interface is extracted from a high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) image of trabecular bone microarchitecture and modified by the level set equation. A model and its parameters determine the bone adaptation rate and thus the bone structure at any future time. This study develops an inverse problem and solver to identify model parameters from multiple high‐resolution CT images of bone within the level set framework. We demonstrate the technique on a model of advection and mean curvature flow, termed curvature‐driven adaptation. The inverse solver uses two CT scans to estimate model parameters, which map the bone surface from one image to the next. The solver was tested with synthetic images of bone changing according to the curvature‐driven model with known model parameters. The algorithm recovered known model parameters excellently (R2 > .99, p < .001). A grid search indicated that the estimated model parameters were insensitive to hyper‐parameter selection for learning rate 1e−5 5e−5 and gradient scaling factor 5e−5 5e−4. Finally, we tested the algorithm's sensitivity to salt‐and‐pepper noise of probability , where .0 .9. Model parameter accuracy did not change for < .7, corresponding to Dice coefficients greater than .7. The inverse problem estimates bone adaptation parameters from multiple CT images of changing bone microarchitecture. In the future, this technique could be used to determine participant‐specific bone adaptation parameters in vivo, validate bone adaptation models, and predict bone health.
A robust multiclass 3D object recognition based on modern YOLO deep learning algorithms
Authors: Francies Mariam L. , Ata Mohamed M. , Mohamed Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA multiclass 3D object recognition has perceived a numerous evolution with respect to both accuracy and speed. This study introduces the implementation of modern YOLO algorithms (YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5) for multiclass 3D object detection and recognition. All YOLO algorithms have been tested according to a very large scaled dataset (Pascal VOC dataset). Performance evaluation has targeted the calculation of the following metrics; mAP (mean average precision), recall, F1‐score, IOU (intersection over union), and the running time. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOv3 has targeted mAP of 77%, IOU of 0.41 and the total running time was almost 8 h. Moreover, in YOLOv4, it has targeted mAP of 55%, IOU of 0.035 and the total running time nearly 7 h. In addition, YOLOv5 has established the mAP of 48%, IOU of 0.045, and the total running time was about 3 h. Finally, a modified version of YOLOv5 has been proposed in the state‐of‐the‐art of optimizing its hyperparameters and layering system. Accordingly, the mAP scored about 55% with 3 h running time. The final conclusions of this study have demonstrated that YOLOv3 has scored the highest recognition accuracy, however, the proposed modified YOLOv5 has scored the least processing time.
Digging up the dirt on “clean” dietary labels: Public health considerations and opportunities for increased Federal oversight
Authors: Negowetti Nicole , Ambwani Suman , Karr Stefani , Rodgers Rachel F. , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground“Clean” dietary labels are often viewed by consumers as referencing products that are minimally processed, without additives, preservatives, artificial colors, or ingredients, but may also be interpreted as vegan, gluten‐free, dairy‐free, “real,” or “natural.” Although the “clean” diet trend continues to grow in popularity, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition and use of this terminology with a corresponding lack of regulation for such labels in the United States.MethodThis multidisciplinary scoping review examines the public health implications of the “clean” label trend and the legal and policy landscape for regulation. We report on findings from case law and legal research generated through the Westlaw database and from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforcement actions and website documents to discuss options for federal‐ and state‐level intervention to mitigate harm.ResultsOne feasible avenue for change is for the FDA to provide industry guidance, disseminate public statements to debunk myths, and enforce labeling statutes to police deceptive “clean” labeling claims. We also suggest consumer‐protection litigation and state‐level litigation via attorneys general as alternative actions to combat the abundant misinformation associated with “clean” diets and labels.DiscussionAlthough the FDA has taken some enforcement actions, these efforts are insufficient given the proliferation of “clean” label products in the marketplace and the potential for adverse impacts on public health including increased risk for disordered eating. The current unregulated, undefined landscape for “clean” dietary labels thus requires urgent action by federal authorities and state attorneys general.
Synthesis of HeavyN‐Heterocyclic Tetrylenes: Influence of Ligand Sterics on Structure
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , von Randow Clara A. , Mouchfiq Ahmed , Evans Matthew J. , Coles Martyn P. , Robin Fulton J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterisation of [(NONR)M] (NON=O(SiMe2NR)2]2−; R=tBu, Ph, 2,6‐Me2C6H3(Dmp), 2,6‐iPr2C6H3(Dipp); M=Ge, Sn, Pb) is described. Germanium complexes [(NONPh)Ge], [(NONDmp)Ge] and [(NONDipp)Ge] are monomeric. Tin complexes [(NONPh)Sn]2, [(NONDmp)Sn]2and [(NONtBu)Sn]2are dimeric in the solid‐state, with [(NONPh)Sn]2forming a link through bridging N‐atoms, [(NONDmp)Sn]2linked through Sn⋅⋅⋅Ar contacts and [(NONtBu)Sn]2forming the first distannene bearing two amido ligands. In contrast, [(NONDipp)Sn] is monomeric in the solid‐state. The lead complexes [(NONPh)Pb]2and [(NONDmp)Pb]2are isostructual with their tin analogues while [(NONtBu)Pb] is monomeric in the solid‐state. Solution phase NMR spectroscopic data suggest that all [(NONR)M] compounds are monomeric in solution. Structural parameters, including buried volume (%Vbur) are discussed.
Design and optimization of a novel wind‐powered liquefied air energy storage system integrated with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle
Authors: Sadeghi Shayan , Javani Nader , Ghandehariun Samane , Ahmadi Pouria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel liquefied air energy storage (LAES) system driven by wind energy and natural gas, integrated with a two‐stage supercritical carbon dioxide cycle is proposed and investigated. Three different sensible thermal energy storage (TES) systems are considered in this study to store the heat produced in the compressions stage and use it later to improve the performance. The proposed system is analyzed in terms of energy, exergy, exergo‐economic, and environmental impacts. A detailed economical and technical investigation is carried out to determine system hotspots, exergy destruction rates, and the performance of the system and subsystems. Finally, by considering ten design variables, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) is employed to evaluate the optimal design solutions for double objective functions, including cost per unit of exergy and overall system exergy efficiency. Results indicate that for a 50 MW of discharging power, 80.75 MW of charging electricity and 1.22 kg/s of fuel are required. Additionally, the product cost per unit of exergy and the levelized costs are calculated as 32.02 $/GJ and 0.133 $/kWh, respectively. The results of the optimization study also show that for the optimal Pareto solution, the energy efficiency would be 52.2% while the exergy efficiency is 45.26%.
Public–private partnership model for intensive maize production in China: A synergistic strategy for food security and ecosystem economic budget
Authors: Wang Xingbang , Zhang Wushuai , Lakshmanan Prakash , Qian Chunrong , Ge Xuanliang , Hao Yubo , Wang Junhe , Liu Yutao , Yang Huiying , Zhang Zhongdong , Guo Zhengyu , Gong Shuai , Fan Tinglu , Zhang Jianjun , Dong Guohao , Shen Dongfeng , Wang Yuhong , Cheng Weidong , Lv Juzhi , Wang Xiuquan , Lu Tingqi , Yin Chaojing , Yang Huan , Luo Jinlin , Qiao Yuan , Yao Zhi , Chen Xinping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall farms are the mainstay of maize production in China. Its productivity is relatively low despite large farm inputs and the associated environmental footprints. Here, we studied public–private partnership (PPP) model for sustainable intensification of maize production to achieve co‐benefits of food security and environmental sustainability. The PPP model enabled the development of an effective partnership by bringing complementary skills, knowledge, proprietary products and technologies, and resources of public research community and private enterprises to create a new, operational maize farming system in China. We conducted on‐farm research with farmer participation in four major maize‐growing regions spanning temperate to sub‐tropical zones in China for 2 years. The PPP model achieved 78.7% of maize yield potential compared with 61.8% realized in smallholder farm (SHF) (11.0 Mg ha−1 vs. 8.6 Mg ha−1). Overall, environmental externalities of PPP were up to 32.7% lower than that of SHF, depending on the region studied. PPP significantly reduced reactive nitrogen losses by 31.3%–35.5% compared with SHF in both years. There was no significant difference between PPP and SHF for greenhouse gas emission in 2018, but it was significantly lower in PPP (19%) compared to SHF in 2019. Similarly, PPP significantly reduced soil acidification potential (by 10.1%–42.2%) and eutrophication of waterbodies (21.5%) in comparison to SHF. Overall, the net ecosystem economic budget increased 277 USD ha−1 with PPP. The PPP model provides new insights into improving food security and ecosystem and economic budget. As a logical progression to our research, future work should focus on (a) the reasons for the persistence of inter‐regional yield gap in PPP model and (b) to gain a better understanding of socioeconomic drivers critical for successful PPP in different maize‐growing regions.
Spatiotemporal changes in the state of food security across mainland China during 1990–2015: A multi‐scale analysis
Authors: Qiao Jianmin , Cao Qian , Zhang Zhengtao , Cao Zhi , Liu Haimeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFood security is closely related to individual livelihood and social stability, and assessing the state of food security is essential for making agricultural policies. Nonetheless multi‐scale assessment of national food security state with explicit consideration of availability and access remains to be resolved. In this study, a spatially explicit crop model was used to simulate the production of major crops in China (i.e., wheat, maize, rice, and soybeans). Food production (as simulated by the crop model) and GDP per capita relative to the global average were then used to develop food security indicators to evaluate China's food security levels on grid, provincial, and economic zone scales. The Getis–Ord method was further applied to analyze the spatial aggregation of food security and food insecurity provinces. Results show that food security situation improved in mainland China during 1990–2015, attributed largely to the enhanced purchasing power. On the grid scale, changes in food security state went through two stages: Before 2000, the regions in the eastern part of the Hu Line were food security, while the regions in the western part were food insecurity; after 2000, the state of food security greatly improved from insecurity to security in Northwest China, and the areas of the highest security level considerably increased in eastern China. On the provincial scale, food security state in most provinces improved or almost unchanged over time. Exception was found in coastal provinces, with food security state was greatly affected by urbanization. Food security hot spots were primarily detected in central China, while cold spots were detected in Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Tibet. On the economic zone scale, food security areas in the eastern part decreased during 1990–2010 but increased thereafter, while food security areas in the other three economic zones increased from 1990 to 2015. To ensure food security, China should maintain the arable land areas, improve the quality of farmlands, mobilize farming enthusiasm, and advance agricultural marketization.
Thermal stability of natural pigments produced by Monascus purpureus in submerged fermentation
Authors: Abdollahi Fatemeh , Jahadi Mahshid , Ghavami Mehrdad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe major aim of the current study was to assess thermal stability of red pigments produced by Monascus purpureus ATCC 16362/PTCC 5303 in submerged fermentation. Natural pigments were produced by Monascus purpureus using stirred tank bioreactor. Stability of Monascus purpureus pigments was assessed under various temperature (50.2–97.8°C), salt (0%–2.5%), and pH (4.3–7.7) values. Thermal degradation constant and half‐life value of the red Monascus purpureus pigments were analyzed using response surface methodology followed by a first‐order kinetic reaction. Results of this study showed that pH, temperature, and salt content could affect red color stability of Monascus purpureus. The pigment showed various stabilities in various thermal conditions (temperature, salt, and pH). At high temperatures, degradation constant of the red pigments increased with decreasing pH, revealing that the Monascus red pigment was destroyed at lower pH values and salt could affect stability of the red pigments at lower temperatures.
Graph‐theoretical analysis ofEEGfunctional connectivity during balance perturbation in traumatic brain injury: A pilot study
Authors: Shenoy Handiru Vikram , Alivar Alaleh , Hoxha Armand , Saleh Soha , Suviseshamuthu Easter S. , Yue Guang H. , Allexandre Didier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in balance impairment, increasing the risk of falls, and the chances of further injuries. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of postural control after TBI are not well understood. To this end, we conducted a pilot study to explore the neural mechanisms of unpredictable balance perturbations in 17 chronic TBI participants and 15 matched healthy controls (HC) using the EEG, MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. As quantitative measures of the functional integration and segregation of the brain networks during the postural task, we computed the global graph‐theoretic network measures (global efficiency and modularity) of brain functional connectivity derived from source‐space EEG in different frequency bands. We observed that the TBI group showed a lower balance performance as measured by the center of pressure displacement during the task, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). They also showed reduced brain activation and connectivity during the balance task. Furthermore, the decrease in brain network segregation in alpha‐band from baseline to task was smaller in TBI than HC. The DTI findings revealed widespread structural damage. In terms of the neural correlates, we observed a distinct role played by different frequency bands: theta‐band modularity during the task was negatively correlated with the BBS in the TBI group; lower beta‐band network connectivity was associated with the reduction in white matter structural integrity. Our future studies will focus on how postural training will modulate the functional brain networks in TBI.
Toward the heat convection enhancement of nanofluids flowing in a 3D microchannel affected by a nonuniform magnetic field
Authors: Zitouni Kamel , Aidaoui Lakhdar , Lasbet Yahia , Tayebi Tahar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present investigation, the behavior of laminar convective flow and heat transfer in a three‐dimensional horizontal square duct using different water‐based nanofluids (Fe3O4/water, and carbon nanotubes/water) is numerically investigated. The channel is subjected to a periodic partial or full magnetic field. The outer surface is subjected to a constant heat flux density. The problem is numerically solved via the finite volume method with a second‐order precision. The numerical simulations covered a range of the Reynolds number 50 ≤ Re ≤ 400, Hartmann number 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 50, and concentration of nanoparticles 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.02 for different modes of the magnetic field application and direction. Examination of the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior shows significant heat transfer performances obtained when applying transversal and partial periodic magnetic fields simultaneously. More precisely, it is found that the favorable protocol improved the heat transfer rate by 85% in the duct flowing by the Ferrofluid at Ha = 50. Furthermore, findings illustrate that the overall heat transfer rate presented in terms of the mean Nusselt number and the highest compromise (heat transfer augmentation‐pressure losses diminution) are obtained in the case of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for all taken values of Reynolds and Hartmann numbers, whatever the manner and direction of the applied magnetic field.
Low‐dose aspirin improves blood perfusion of endometrium of unexplained recurrent biochemical pregnancy loss
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Guo Feng , Wang Qiaohong , Bai Wenxin , Zhao Aimin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the differences in Doppler parameters of endometrial receptivity in unexplained recurrent biochemical pregnancy loss (URBPL) and the therapeutic effect of low‐dose aspirin (LDA).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, PR China, from January 2017 to January 2019. Doppler parameters of endometrium and uterus were recorded as the evaluation of the endometrial receptivity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was managed to predict the risk of URBPL. Ultrasonography tests were repeated after 2 months of treatment with LDA.ResultsBiochemical pregnancies did not correlate with maternal age. The resistance of endometrial perfusion (pulsatility index, resistive index, and systolic‐to‐diastolic ratio) was significantly higher in URBPLs (P < 0.001) and had predictive values (0.739, 0.779, and 0.760, respectively). Endometrial thickness and impedance to uterine blood flow showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). After treatment with LDA, patients with URBPL improved the blood perfusion of endometrium significantly (P < 0.01).ConclusionThere was no relation between BPL and maternal age. Patients with URBPL had inappropriate endometrial blood velocity. Doppler indices are capable of predicting the risk of URBPL. LDA exerts the therapeutic effect on improving blood perfusion of endometrium in URBPL.
N1‐methyladenosine profiling of long non‐coding RNA in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Liuhong , Chen Wenwen , Zhang Zizhen , Chen Jingyu , Xue Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractN1‐methyladenosine (m1A), is a unique methyl group that confers post‐transcriptional modification of gene expression, and plays important roles in various human diseases. However, the abundance of this modification and its effects on long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In this study, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed in three pairs of human CRC and nontumorous tissues to identify m1A peaks and its correlation with differential alterations of lncRNA expression in CRC. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses were applied to predict the potential roles of m1A on gene expression. We found that CRC and adjacent tissues had a noticeable difference in m1A distribution. Notably, HGGAGRA and WGGANGA were recognized as the most significantly enriched motifs, respectively. Co‐analysis of methylation and RNA sequencing demonstrated downregulated lncRNAs along with m1A modification in CRC. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the unique distribution of m1A sites in lncRNAs had a significant correlation with CRC signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results delineated the distribution pattern of m1A methylation on lncRNAs, and provided potential roles of this modification in different pathways and tumor progression of CRC.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of hybrid PABA‐1,3,5‐triazine derivatives as an antimalarial agent
Authors: Kashyap Ankita , Choudhury Ayesha A. K. , Saha Ashmita , Adhikari Nayana , Ghosh Surajit K. , Shakya Anshul , Patgiri Saurav J. , Bhattacharyya Dibya R. , Singh Udaya P. , Bhat Hans R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present manuscript deals with the development of novel p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) associated 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives as antimalarial agents. The molecules were developed via microwave‐assisted synthesis and structures of compounds were ascertained via numerous analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were also subjected to ADMET analysis. In a docking analysis, the title compounds showed high and diverse binding affinities towards wild (−162.45 to −369.38 kcal/mol) and quadruple mutant (−165.36 to −209.47 kcal/mol) Pf‐DHFR‐TS via interacting with Phe58, Arg59, Ser111, Ile112, Phe116. The in vitro antimalarial activity suggested that compounds 4e, 4b, and 4h showed IC50 ranging from 4.18 to 8.66 μg/ml against the chloroquine‐sensitive (3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Moreover, compounds 4g, 4b, 4e, and 4c showed IC50 ranging from 8.12 to 12.09 μg/ml against chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2) strain. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the development of hybrid PABA substituted 1,3,5‐triazines as a novel class of Pf‐DHFR inhibitor for antimalarial drug discovery.