bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN ASAS ULTIMUM REMIDIUM DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Luthfi Hisbul 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe application of criminal law that was originally as an effort / last way (Ultimum Remedium)became the first effort/way (Primum Remedium)especially in applying Law No. 11 of 2008 as amended by Law No. 19 of 2016 on Information and Electronic Transactions (UUITE) In this research using a type of normative legal research using statue approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. This study aims to find out how the application of ultimum remedial principle in the study of criminal law, How to reconstruct the criminal policy of the use of Law No. 11 of 2008 on amendments to Law No. 19 of 2016 on ITE. Surely this requires the existence of over criminalization on the application of criminalization that ensures the existence of disharmony in the application of criminal law, which negates the sense of humanity.Keywords: Ultimum Remidum, Restorative Justice, LAW ITE ABSTRAK Penerapan hukum pidana yang semula sebagai upaya/cara terakhir (Ultimum Remedium) menjadi upaya/cara pertama (Primum Remedium) terutama dalam menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 sebagaimana telah diubah atas Undang-undang No 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UUITE) Pada penelitian ini mengunakan jenis jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statue Approach), Pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan kasus (Case Approach). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah penerapan asas ultimum remidium dalam kajian hukum pidana, Bagaimana rekontruksi kebijakan kriminal penggunaan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang ITE. Tentunya hal ini menyebapkan adanya over ciminalization pada penerapan pemidanaan yang menyebapkan adanya ketidak harmonisan dalam penerapan hukum pidana, dimana meniadakan rasa kemanusiaan.Kata Kunci : Ultimum Remidum, Restorative Justice, UU ITE
NAFKAH IN FIQIH AND INDONESIA LAW PERSPECTIVE ;
Authors: Masruri Ahmad Halimi 
Published: July 2021

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This research is a legal sociology research. This article discusses the neglect of livelihoods that occurred in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village. Researcher analyzes the research data with fiqh theory and the Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 1974. The findings of this study are that the neglect of livelihood that occurs in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village is included in the category of violation of the income obligation, it can even be included as domestic violence. There are two things to be argued. Ms. LM's husband has not given her a living for 6 months, the second is that Mrs. LM's husband often comes home at night, sometimes even for several days he does not come home. fiqh clearly mentions the categories of earning a living, although with many variations. All fiqh differences of opinion about the limits of living were violated by LM's mother's husband. Law No. 23 of 2004 was also violated in terms of fulfilling the husband's support for his wife.
Keyword: living limits, fiqh, the rule of law

Abstrak
Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi hukum. Artikel ini mendiskusikan penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo. Peneliti menganalisis data penelitian dengan teori fiqih dan undang-undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo termasuk kategori pelanggaran kewajiban nafkah, bahkan dapat dimasukkan tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Ada dua hal yang menjadi argument. Suami Ibu LM ini sudah selama 6 Bulan tidak memberi nafkah, yang kedua adalah bahwa suami Ibu LM sering pulang malam, bahkan terkadang selama beberapa hari tidak pulang kerumah. fikih menyebutkan secara jelas kategori pemenuhan nafkah walaupun dengan banyak variasi perbedaan. Kesemua perbedaan pendapat fiqih tentang batasan nafkah dilanggar oleh suami ibu LM. Undang-undang No 23 Tahun 2004 juga dilanggar dalam hal pememnuhan nafkah suami terhadap istri.

Kata Kunci: batas nafkah, fikih, aturan undang-undang
Molecular Structure, Spectral Investigations, Hydrogen Bonding Interactions and Reactivity-Property Relationship of Caffeine-Citric Acid Cocrystal by Experimental and DFT Approach
Authors: Verma Priya , Srivastava Anubha , Srivastava Karnica , Tandon Poonam , Shimpi Manishkumar R. 
Published: July 2021

The pharmaceutical cocrystal of caffeine-citric acid (CAF-CA, Form II) has been studied to explore the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions and structure-reactivity-property relationship between the two constituents CAF and Citric acid. The cocrystal was prepared by slurry crystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis was done to characterize CAF-CA cocrystal. Also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the existence of CAF-CA cocrystal. The vibrational spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman) signatures and quantum chemical approach have been used as a strategy to get insights into structural and spectral features of CAF-CA cocrystal. There was a good correlation among the experimental and theoretical results of dimer of cocrystal, as this model is capable of covering all nearest possible interactions present in the crystal structure of cocrystal. The spectroscopic results confirmed that (O33-H34) mode forms an intramolecular (C25 = O28∙∙∙H34-O33), while (O26-H27) (O39-H40) and (O43-H44) groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonding (O26-H27∙∙∙N24-C22, O39-H40∙∙∙O52 = C51 and O43-H44∙∙∙O86 = C83) in cocrystal due to red shifting and increment in bond length. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis revealed (O88-H89∙∙∙O41) as strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with interaction energy −12.4247 kcal mol−1 in CAF-CA cocrystal. The natural bond orbital analysis of the second-order theory of the Fock matrix highlighted the presence of strong interactions (N∙∙∙H and O∙∙∙H) in cocrystal. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap value shows that the CAF-CA cocrystal is more reactive, less stable and softer than CAF active pharmaceutical ingredients. The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivities of atomic sites involved in intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in cocrystal have been demonstrated by mapping electron density isosurfaces over electrostatic potential i.e. plotting molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) map. The molar refractivity value of cocrystal lies within the set range by Lipinski and hence it may be used as orally active form. The results show that the physicochemical properties of CAF-CA cocrystal are enhanced in comparison to CAF (API).
Mode Bifurcation on Contact Line Dynamics at Oil/Water Interface Depending on the Contact Line Length
Authors: Yamamoto Daigo , Maeno Jumpei , Manabe Yuki , Okamoto Yasunao , Nawa-Okita Erika , Shioi Akihisa 
Published: July 2021

The motion of the contact line at the oil/water interface caused by chemical reactions is well known as a typical example of artificial active matter in the field of nonlinear science. When water (containing trimethylstearylammonium chloride) and nitrobenzene (containing iodide anion) phases are in contact, the regulated traveling-wave patterns appear along the inner wall of the glass container. In this study, we demonstrate a new dynamical mode of the contact line, an up-and-down motion, which becomes dominant with the decrease in the size of a glass tube, and the probability of occurrence is extremely high when the diameter of the glass tube is below 1 mm. A physicochemical model of the contact line motion that incorporates the spatiotemporal variation of the surfactant concentration on a glass surface is proposed, and its effect on the wettability of oil/water phases on the walls of the glass tubes is studied. The present model can reproduce the mode bifurcation of the dynamical motion depending on the inner diameter of the glass tubes.
Case Report: Identification of Potential Prognosis-Related TP53 Mutation and BCL6-LPP Fusion in Primary Pituitary Lymphoma by Next Generation Sequencing: Two Cases
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ma Liyuan , Liu Jie , Zhu Huijuan , Lu Lin , Deng Kan , Ma Wenbin , Pan Hui , Wang Renzhi , Yao Yong 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPrimary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) is an extremely rare disease with poor prognosis. Although PPL has been shown to be different from classical primary central nervous system lymphoma because of the embryological origin of structures, individual and precise treatment of PPL remains unknown.MethodsA 61-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman both diagnosed with primary pituitary diffuse large B cell lymphoma underwent genetic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and tumor tissue by next generation sequencing.ResultsIn the first case, partial remission was achieved following R²-MTX chemotherapy. In the other case with TP53 mutation and BCL6-LPP fusion, disease progressed although different chemotherapy regimens were given.ConclusionThe gene mutation of TP53 and BCL6 may be identified as a marker responsible for prognostic difference in patients with PPL. Genetic analysis may provide a novel approach for precise management and prognosis prediction.
Assessing Wealth-Related Inequalities in Demand for Family Planning Satisfied in 43 African Countries
Authors: Hellwig Franciele , Coll Carolina V. N. , Blumenberg Cauane , Ewerling Fernanda , Kabiru Caroline W. , Barros Aluisio J. D. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Around 80% of the African population lives in urban areas, and a rapid urbanization is observed in almost all countries. Urban poverty has been linked to several sexual and reproductive health risks, including high levels of unintended pregnancies. We aim to investigate wealth inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods (mDFPS) among women living in urban areas from African countries.Methods: We used data from 43 national health surveys carried out since 2010 to assess wealth inequalities in mDFPS. mDFPS and the share of modern contraceptive use were stratified by groups of household wealth. We also assessed the ecological relationship between the proportion of urban population living in informal settlements and both mDFPS and inequalities in coverage.Results: mDFPS among urban women ranged from 27% (95% CI: 23–31%) in Chad to 87% (95% CI: 84–89%) in Eswatini. We found significant inequalities in mDFPS with lower coverage among the poorest women in most countries. In North Africa, inequalities in mDFPS were identified only in Sudan, where coverage ranged between 7% (95% CI: 3–15%) among the poorest and 52% (95% CI: 49–56%) among the wealthiest. The largest gap in the Eastern and Southern African was found in Angola; 6% (95% CI: 3–11%) among the poorest and 46% (95% CI: 41–51%) among the wealthiest. In West and Central Africa, large gaps were found for almost all countries, especially in Central African Republic, where mDFPS was 11% (95% CI: 7–18%) among the poorest and 47% (95% CI: 41–53%) among the wealthiest. Inequalities by type of method were also observed for urban poor, with an overall pattern of lower use of long-acting and permanent methods. Our ecological analyses showed that the higher the proportion of the population living in informal settlements, the lower the mDFPS and the higher the inequalities.Conclusion: Our results rise the need for more focus on the urban-poorer women by public policies and programs. Future interventions developed by national governments and international organizations should consider the interconnection between urbanization, poverty, and reproductive health.
Deep Learning for Identification of Acute Illness and Facial Cues of Illness
Authors: Forte Castela , Voinea Andrei , Chichirau Malina , Yeshmagambetova Galiya , Albrecht Lea M. , Erfurt Chiara , Freundt Liliane A. , Carmo Luisa Oliveira e , Henning Robert H. , Horst Iwan C. C. van der , Sundelin Tina , Wiering Marco A. , Axelsson John , Epema Anne H. 
Published: July 2021

Background: The inclusion of facial and bodily cues (clinical gestalt) in machine learning (ML) models improves the assessment of patients' health status, as shown in genetic syndromes and acute coronary syndrome. It is unknown if the inclusion of clinical gestalt improves ML-based classification of acutely ill patients. As in previous research in ML analysis of medical images, simulated or augmented data may be used to assess the usability of clinical gestalt.Objective: To assess whether a deep learning algorithm trained on a dataset of simulated and augmented facial photographs reflecting acutely ill patients can distinguish between healthy and LPS-infused, acutely ill individuals.Methods: Photographs from twenty-six volunteers whose facial features were manipulated to resemble a state of acute illness were used to extract features of illness and generate a synthetic dataset of acutely ill photographs, using a neural transfer convolutional neural network (NT-CNN) for data augmentation. Then, four distinct CNNs were trained on different parts of the facial photographs and concatenated into one final, stacked CNN which classified individuals as healthy or acutely ill. Finally, the stacked CNN was validated in an external dataset of volunteers injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Results: In the external validation set, the four individual feature models distinguished acutely ill patients with sensitivities ranging from 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3–33.1% for the skin model) to 89.4% (66.9–98.7%, for the nose model). Specificity ranged from 42.1% (20.3–66.5%) for the nose model and 94.7% (73.9–99.9%) for skin. The stacked model combining all four facial features achieved an area under the receiver characteristic operating curve (AUROC) of 0.67 (0.62–0.71) and distinguished acutely ill patients with a sensitivity of 100% (82.35–100.00%) and specificity of 42.11% (20.25–66.50%).Conclusion: A deep learning algorithm trained on a synthetic, augmented dataset of facial photographs distinguished between healthy and simulated acutely ill individuals, demonstrating that synthetically generated data can be used to develop algorithms for health conditions in which large datasets are difficult to obtain. These results support the potential of facial feature analysis algorithms to support the diagnosis of acute illness.
Associations Between Intellectual and Social Activities With Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Yafang , Guo Xiangyu , Du Juan , Liu Yanli 
Published: July 2021

Background: Frailty is one of the most important global health challenges. We aimed to examine the associations between frequency of intellectual and social activities and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in China.Methods: This is a prospective analysis of older adults (aged ≥60 years) who had intellectual and social activity data and were free of frailty from the national representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The exposure was frequency of intellectual and social activities. Frailty was measured by the frailty index (FI) and defined as FI ≥ 0.25. Frailty incidents were followed up for 2 years. We estimated the relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using log-linear binominal regression adjusting for potential confounders.Results: We documented 655 frailty cases over the past 2 years. Participants who had frequent intellectual activities had a lower frailty risk compared with participants who did not have intellectual activity (adjusted RR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.47–0.90). The adjusted RRs were 0.51 (95%CI = 0.33–0.77) for participants who did not have a slip or a fall accident and 1.06 (95%CI = 0.65–1.75) for participants who had experienced slip and fall accidents (P = 0.01 for interaction). Having frequent social activities was not associated with a significant decrease in frailty risk compared with participants who did not have social activity (adjusted RR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.78–1.12).Conclusions: This observational study showed that having frequent intellectual activities was associated with a decreased frailty risk. The association was likely to be stronger in participants without a slip or a fall accident. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this observational finding.
Effects of Low-Speed and High-Speed Resistance Training Programs on Frailty Status, Physical Performance, Cognitive Function, and Blood Pressure in Prefrail and Frail Older Adults
Authors: Coelho-Júnior Hélio José , Uchida Marco Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The current study investigated the effects of low-speed resistance training (LSRT) and high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on frailty status, physical performance, cognitive function and blood pressure in pre-frail and frail older people.Material and Methods: Sixty older adults, 32 prefrail and 28 frail, were randomly allocated into LSRT, HSRT, and control group (CG). Before and after intervention periods frailty status, blood pressure, heart rate, and a set of physical performance capabilities and cognitive domains were assessed. Exercise interventions occurred over 16 weeks and included four resistance exercises with 4–8 sets of 4–10 repetitions at moderate intensity.Results: The prevalence of frailty criteria in prefrail and frail older adults were reduced after both LSRT and HSRT. In prefrail, LSRT significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength, while mobility was only improved after HSRT. Muscle power and dual-task performance were significantly increased in both LSRT and HSRT. In frail, LSRT and HSRT similarly improved lower-limb muscle strength and power. However, exclusive improvements in dual-task were observed after LSRT. Memory was significantly increased in prefrail and frail, regardless of the type of resistance training. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure and heart rate.Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that both LSRT and HSRT reversed frailty status and improved physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults. Notably, different patterns of improvement were observed among RT protocols. Regarding frailty status, LSRT seemed to be more effective in reverse prefrailty and frailty when compared to HSRT. Greater improvements in muscle strength and power were also observed after LSRT, while HSRT produced superior increases in mobility and dual-task performance. One-leg stand performance was significantly reduced in LSRT, but not HSRT and CG, after 16 weeks. In contrast, RT programs similarly improved verbal memory in prefrail. Finally, no changes in blood pressure and heart rate were observed, regardless of the type of RT.Trial Registration: The protocol was approved by the University of Campinas Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 20021919.7.0000.5404) and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System: NCT04868071.
The Tumorigenic Properties of EZH2 are Mediated by MiR-26a in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Mingmei , Feng Huayin , Mahati Shaya 
Published: July 2021

Background: The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been found to be highly expressed in various tumors, and microRNA-26a (miR-26a) is often unmodulated in cancers. However, the functions of these two molecules in uveal melanoma (UM) and their relationships have not been reported.Methods: We explored the effects of the miR-26a–EZH2 axis in UM by examining the levels of miR-26a and EZH2. The EZH2 levels in various tumor types and the correlations between EZH2 levels and overall survival and disease-free survival were reanalyzed. The binding of miR-26a to the 3′-untranslated region of EZH2 mRNA was measured using the luciferase reporter assay. The regulation of EZH2 gene expression by miR-26a was also identified, and the effect of elevated EZH2 expression on UM cell function was further examined. Results: miR-26a was downregulated and EZH2 was upregulated in UM cells. Overexpression of miR-26a inhibited cell proliferation, and knockdown of EZH2 suppressed cell growth. EZH2 was a direct target of miR-26a in UM cells. The knockout of EZH2 mimicked the tumor inhibition of miR-26a in UM cells, whereas the reintroduction of EZH2 abolished this effect. In addition, a network of EZH2 and its interacting proteins (UBC, CDK1, HDAC1, SUZ12, EED) was found to participate in miR-26a-mediated tumor progression.Conclusion: The newly identified miR-26a–EZH2 axis may be a potential target for the development of treatment strategies for UM.
Time Course of Peripheral Leukocytosis and Clinical Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gusdon Aaron M. , Savarraj Jude P. J. , Shihabeddin Eyad , Paz Atzhiry , Assing Andres , Ko Sang-Bae , McCullough Louise D. , Choi Huimahn Alex 
Published: July 2021

Objective:Systemic inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is implicated in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and adverse clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that early changes in peripheral leukocytes will be associated with outcomes after SAH.Methods:SAH patients admitted between January 2009 and December 2016 were enrolled into a prospective observational study and were assessed for Hunt Hess Scale (HHS) at admission, DCI, and modified Ranked Scale (mRS) at discharge. Total white blood cell (WBC) counts and each component of the differential cell count were determined on the day of admission (day 0) to 8 days after bleed (day 8). Global cerebral edema (GCE) was assessed on admission CT, and presence of any infection was determined. Statistical tests included student'st-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models.Results:A total of 451 subjects were analyzed. Total WBCs and neutrophils decreased initially reaching a minimum at day 4–5 after SAH. Monocyte count increased gradually after SAH and peaked between day 6–8, while basophils and lymphocytes decreased initially from day 0 to 1 and steadily increased thereafter. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reached a peak on day 1 and decreased thereafter. WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, and NLR were higher in patients with DCI and poor functional outcomes. WBCs, neutrophils, and NLR were higher in subjects who developed infections. In MLR models, neutrophils and monocytes were associated with DCI and worse functional outcomes, while NLR was only associated with worse functional outcomes. Occurrence of infection was associated with poor outcome. Neutrophils and NLR were associated with infection, while monocytes were not. Monocytes were higher in males, and ROC curve analysis revealed improved ability of monocytes to predict DCI and poor functional outcomes in male subjects.Conclusions:Monocytosis was associated with DCI and poor functional outcomes after SAH. The association between neutrophils and NLR and infection may impact outcomes. Early elevation in monocytes had an improved ability to predict DCI and poor functional outcomes in males, which was independent of the occurrence of infection.