bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the quality of wastewater in traditional chicken slaughterhouses using moringa seed powder
Authors: Merdana I M , Suada I K , Watiniasih N L , Sudira I W , Sudimartini L M , Ani N L S , Budiasa K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the city of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, there are hundreds of home-based chicken slaughtering industries. The slaughtering process produces liquid waste from washing chicken and equipment mixed with feces, blood, traces of protein, and fat. This waste contains high concentrations of organic material, dissolved solids, pathogenic microorganisms, and other hazardous substances that can pollute the environment. The environmental damage that occurs will adversely affect the health of humans and the surrounding animals. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa seed powder on the quality of traditional chicken slaughterhouse waste in terms of pH, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). This study used a randomized group design with a split time pattern. The results showed that the concentration of Moringa seed powder of 200 mg/L with a deposition time of 60 minutes made the pH of wastewater close to normal pH, and also significantly reduced TSS and TDS (P<0.05). It can be concluded that moringa seed powder can improve the quality of traditional chicken slaughterhouse wastewater.
Second-wave gentrification and quasi-public space in Kebayoran Baru
Authors: Ratriananda R , Herlily  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kebayoran Baru is a sub-district in South Jakarta, hosting one of the largest private business districts in Indonesia. Originally planned and built as a satellite city of Jakarta in the 1950s, it is now one of the most expensive areas in the country. In the last ten years, there has been a rapid transformation within the area due to the land use change from what is predominantly residential to commercial; cafes and restaurants in almost every street. The rapid growth of these commercial and exclusive “public space” or quasi-public space in the form of cafes and restaurants is one of the signs of gentrification. Consumer class life-style changes the condition of the gentrified neighborhood and contributes to the increase of the land value, making it unaffordable for the residents and causing them to seek housing areas with lower cost. This is similar to what has been happening in Kebayoran Baru. However, the area has always been a relatively middle-class neighborhood from the beginning. This indicates that what is currently happening in Kebayoran Baru is actually a second-wave gentrification. Through archival studies and interview with local residents, this research aims to understand the spatial transformation and its relation to social production of public space that considers democracy.
Monitoring Area and Health Changes of Mangrove Forest Using Multitemporal Landsat Imagery in Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai, Bali Province
Authors: Nurhaliza A P , Damayanti A , Dimyati M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mangrove forest is a very productive ecosystem, both economically and ecologically. Mangrove forests can protect settlements, buildings, and agriculture on the coast from strong winds or seawater intrusion, support the livelihoods of coastal communities and store high carbon stocks. Regardless of its role, the Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest continues to be threatened by human activities. This study aims to monitor changes in the area, health, and water quality of mangrove forests. The data used are Landsat 7 ETM + imagery and Landsat 8 OLI in 2010-2020. We used NDVI vegetation indices to analyze mangrove health and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) to investigate the water quality of the mangrove forest. Temporal water quality parameters are obtained by using the TSS algorithm on Landsat imagery. The results showed variations in mangrove forest area changes, NDVI values, and water quality. In 2010 - 2015 Mangrove Forest Area increase by 117.72 ha but decrease in 2015-2020 by 96.21 ha. Mangrove health was also improved in 2010-2015 but the decline in 2015-2020. Meanwhile, mangrove forest water quality seen from the TSS distribution tends to grow from 2010 to 2020.
The effect of implementing HIV testing on healthcare services: a literature review
Authors: Maria A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
People Living with HIV (PLWH) in Indonesia continue to increase in number. Government is needed to know objectively about the number of PLWH. One way is by HIV testing. HIV testing is an important strategy for preventing the spread of HIV. This paper reviews the effectiveness of HIV testing in other countries in order to reduce HIV transmission, so hopefully the result can be adapted to be done in Indonesia for making health policy, especially on urban healthcare services. The publications reviewed comes from Science Direct, PubMed, as well as Google Scholar database covering the period 2016 - 2020 using the keywords “HIV” or “AIDS” and “HIV Testing” and “Healthcare Services” and ‘Urban Healthcare”. Five articles were reviewed in this study. Based on this review, the implementation of HIV testing can be done on several strategies, such as community-based, home-based as well as provider-based testing. Respondents who were given HIV test also varied, from neonates to adults. All of the strategy can succeed for implemented. HIV testing is a promising intervention strategy on healthcare services to reduce HIV transmission that can be adapted in Indonesia.
Comparison of the performance of high-rise building based on various design code
Authors: Lim J X , Azizan N Z N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main purpose to conduct this research is to compare the performance of high-rise building based on design code BS 8110, EC 2 and the combination EC 2 and EC 8. 10-storey high-rise building was designed based on the 3 types of design codes. The design and analyses were used software method and manual calculation to define the detail of the structure. The software that was used to design is ETABS. The 3 main components that used to compare the structural and costs performance were beams, columns and slabs. As the results, the area of tension reinforcement provided for a column using the combination EC 2 and EC 8 design was required more rebar compared to another two codes. For the cost performance, BS 8110 required higher costs compared to Eurocode. This is because of the safety factor for the load analysis. For Eurocode, design with considers seismic effect had higher costs compared to design without considering the seismic effect but the cost difference between this two is about +1.46%. Therefore, by referring the result had been done, it can conclude that including of seismic effect did not affect too much on the cost performance.
Engineering characterisation of weathered rock at Sri Jaya, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Awang H , Salmanfarsi A F , Arizam A , Ali M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Erosion and weathering are major processes that may reduce the strength of rock slope material or may cause significant change in the physical state of the slope. These can lead to landslide or slope failure, bringing significant risk in terms of properties damage and/or human safety. In Sri Jaya, Pahang, a large body of granite is exposed as cut rock slope, which shows different zones of weathering grade. Field and laboratory tests were carried out to determine the mechanical properties and the physical properties of weathered rocks of the slope, which involved a number of testing for the Schmidt rebound hammer test, point load test, moisture content, water absorption and specific gravity. From the tests, the study has determined the engineering properties of weathered rock of the slope where weathering grade and engineering properties of rock were correlated. A strong correlation was found between the weathering grade and engineering properties where they showed significant correlations for this site. It is proven that the engineering properties could be used as reliable parameters in determining the weathering grade of material in the field.
Stability of weathered cut slope by using kinematic analysis
Authors: Awang H , Salmanfarsi A F , Aminudin M S , Ali M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rock slope engineering involves the designing of safe and stable rock slopes for a certain lifespan. Different rock slopes exhibit different strengths of material that reacts differently to external forces. Rock strength can decrease over time due to weathering process. In addition, the presence of discontinuity can lead to structurally controlled slope failure. The study focuses on a large exposed rock slope in Sri Jaya area, where the exposed granitic rock was cut by several sets of discontinuities. In addition to the discontinuities, the slope exhibited several weathering grades. The objective of this study is to map the weathering and discontinuity of the rock slope, in order to determine the stability of the slope. Schmidt rebound hammer tests were carried out to determine the extent of the weathering grade of the slope material. The collected field data were then analysed using the kinematic analysis to determine potential mode(s) of failure. From the analysis, it is predicted that there is significant percentage for toppling failure and wedge failure to occur in the weathered rock material.
Effect of confining pressure and loading frequency on dynamic characteristics of Batu Pahat marine clay
Authors: Saleh S , Mohd Yunus N Z , Ahmad K , Mat Said K N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the laboratory study on the dynamic characteristics of marine clay subject to cyclic load over a long period of time. Remoulded marine clay samples were used to conduct the experiments using a dynamic triaxial machine. Confining pressure and loading frequency were varied while pore pressure development, resilient strains and plastic strain resulting from the application of cyclic loading were observed. The results acquired from this study revealed that as soon as the cyclic loading was introduced, it induced pore pressure that triggered the rapid accumulation of permanent strain and gradual increase in resilient strain. However, after the strain reached a stable value, the rate of accumulation of the permanent deformation started decreasing. The results also showed that an increase in confining pressure improved the marine clay resistance to cyclic loading. Similarly, when the loading frequency increased, it caused a decrease in strain generation and vice versa.
Impact of seismic design on cost of structural materials for two storey hostel building in Sabah
Authors: Roslan H A , Adiyanto M I , Harith N S H , Faisal Ade , Razak S M S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previously, damaging earthquakes were fortunately rare in Malaysia. However, after Sumatera-Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004 affected Peninsular Malaysia causing deaths, injuries and loss of property. Furthermore, some of the local earthquake that had occurred in Malaysia are probably due to the reactivations of ancient inactive fault due to increasing seismic activities in and around Malaysia. On 5th June 2015, Malaysia experienced a devastating earthquake with magnitude Mw 6.0 in Ranau results in 18 fatalities and affected 61 buildings. Mostly, the fatalities and injuries persistent during an earthquake is caused by structural failures which not include the seismic action into design. Reinforced concrete hostel building in school area will act as a temporary shelter for refuge during the disaster and until it dwindles. Although Malaysia is located on a stable plate and far from the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is essential to consider seismic practice, especially when dealing with cost. Therefore, this paper presents the influence of seismic consideration on cost of material and the factors which influencing the cost by implementing the soil factor, S as proposed by National Annex to Eurocode 8. A typical two storey reinforced concrete hostel building has been generated as basic model. A total of four soil type namely soil type B, C, D and E and five seismicity level has been taken into account where the value of reference peak ground acceleration, agR = 0.04g, 0.06g, 0.07g, 0.12g & 0.16g. Overall, this research work had been conducted based on 3 phases. Based on result, the cost of structural works for the whole building increases around 1% to 12% depend on soil type and level of seismicity.
Exploring risk associated to public road infrastructure construction projects
Authors: Razi P Z , Ali M I , Ramli N I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study proposed an empirical study of risk assessment module for public road infrastructure construction projects. This study employs a case study of a public road infrastructure construction projects located at a state in East Coast of Malaysia. The projects involve the construction of new four (4) lane road along 5.875km aligned from the state route to federal route. The project will be benefited to the federal and state economic development, while for the local residents, they will benefited with reducing of traffic congestion. However, due to several uncertainties, schedule delays have occurred to the particular area. Thus, this study conducted to explore the risk associated with the project, and four delay factors and thirteen sub-factors have emerged prior to the consultations with project team experts. The delay risk assessed quantitatively employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by prioritising the risk delay factors. Design of the AHP model and the operation of the pair-wise rating was employed the super-decision software. The analysis revealed that when considering all factor concerning the goal, the project risk (0.348) captured the most prioritised risk factor that caused by land acquisition issues (0.555), followed by environmental (0.233) caused by the uncertainty of weather (0.733), operational risk (0.309) caused by late submission of approved for construction drawing causing a delay in projects submission delay (0.396) as the last prioritised risk factors in the construction project and technical risk (0.110) caused by the new design does not consider existing drainage system causing flood (0.352). Findings of this study will beneficial to the project team, as the prioritised risk will act as their references and guidance to avoid delays and incurring of project costs.
Compressive Strength of Concrete containing Eggshell Powder as Partial Cement Replacement
Authors: Mohd Arif S , Rokiah O , Khairunisa M , Chong B W , Chek Y C , Youventharan D , Ramadhansyah P J , Doh S I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The emission of carbon dioxide by cement manufacturing has caused a negative impact on society and environment such as the greenhouse effect. Disposal of eggshell has created a lot of environmental problems due to its reusability of material is low in many industries. Recent years, researchers have found the value of eggshell due to its high content of calcium carbonate. Consequently, it has encouraged the researchers to incorporate the eggshell as cement replacement for concrete production hence contributing to sustainable development of building materials. This experimental study is aimed to investigate the optimum percentage of eggshell as cement replacement for high strength concrete (HSC) and the effect on HSC were studied in terms of workability, compressive strength and rebound hammer test as well as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Four types of mix proportion of HSC were prepared namely 0% ESP, 5% ESP, 10% ESP and 15% ESP. Based on the experiment results, the workability of the fresh concrete mixtures decreases as the percentage of eggshell replacement increases. Mix containing 10% eggshell specimen achieved the highest compressive strength of 68.4 MPa at 28 days. Furthermore, the 10% eggshell specimen also achieved the highest value of rebound number of 42.1 and pulse velocity of 6.50km/s at 28 days. Correlation between actual compressive strength and UPV was more reliable and had accurate expression through regression analysis compared to rebound hammer test. Conclusively, the concrete containing 10% eggshell as partial cement replacement exhibits higher compressive strength than control concrete has the potential to be used as construction material.
The Effect of Palm Oil Fuel Clinker Powder and Cockleshell Powder as Cement Replacement on Durability Properties of the Concrete Mortar
Authors: Qasem A A , Almekhlafi M A , Yahaya F M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concepts of eco-friendly building are getting more attention today. The standard materials of concrete that used such as cement and aggregate are not totally environmentally friendly. Thus, many materials from natural sources can be an alternative to the realization of the green building concept. As a result, many researchers have devoted their attention towards identifying eco-friendlier substitutions to be used in concrete. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of two different types of waste materials which are palm oil clinker (POC) and cockle shell (CS) as partial replacement of cement on durability aspects. The POC and CS materials were ground to achieve a small particle size to fit with the concrete mix as cement replacement. The replacement of cement was at different levels (10% and 20%). Six mix proportions were made with different percentage of palm oil clinker powder POCP and cockle shell powder CSP. The specimens were cured by immersing in water for 7 and 28 days. The tests that were conducted were acid resistance test and water absorption test. Therefore, the experiment result showed that the POC had a negative impact to the concrete in both tests while the CSP proved it is resistance to acid.
Increment of material usage in construction of four storey reinforced concrete building due to seismic design
Authors: Adiyanto M I , Ramadhansyah P J , Ramli N I , Harith N S H , Razak S M S A , Mustapa S A H S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Malaysia is fortunate because it is located outside the Pacific Ring-Fire region which is seismically active. However, it still exposes to earthquake hazard from Far-Field earthquake from neighbouring countries. In Peninsular, it is exposes to Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from Indonesia. In East Malaysia, to states namely as Sabah and Sarawak are expose to Philippines earthquake. Besides, Malaysia also experienced earthquakes from local faults such as Bukit Tinggi in 2007. On 5th June 2015, a moderate earthquake with Mw6.1 occurred in Ranau, Sabah which caused 18 fatalities. The same event also caused damage to 61 buildings around Ranau and Kundasang. For the sake of safety, construction of new buildings in Malaysia has to consider seismic design. This paper presents a study to evaluate the increment of construction materials used due to consideration of seismic design. A typical four-storey generic reinforced concrete school building had been used as model. This study adjusted the value of reference peak ground acceleration, α
gR in modelling, analysis, and design process. The concrete grade was fixed as C30. Four soil types had been considered for all models with seismic design consideration. Findings from this study demonstrate that the consideration of seismic design caused the increment of steel reinforcement around 16% to 32% for beam and 1% to 14% for column. In term of cost of structural work, consideration of seismic design increases the cost in range of 2% to 5% compared to the nonseismic design. Therefore, it is worth for Malaysia to fully implement the seismic design in new development.
Determining Fracture Energy in Asphalt Mixture: A Review
Authors: Radeef H R , Abdul Hassan N , Zainal Abidin A R , Mahmud M Z H , Mohd Satar M K I , Mohd Warid M N , Al Saffar Z H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the most common pavement distresses is related to surface cracking. Therefore, identifying and characterizing fracture properties of asphalt mixtures are significant towards a better pavement design. This study reviews four experimental methods used to determine the fracture energy in asphalt mixture. These methods include circular bending test (SCB), disc shape compact tension test, single-edge notched beam, and indirect tensile test. Each experimental method has its characteristics and advantages. These experimental methods are reviewed on the basis of their features, efficiency, and parameters measured. The coefficient of variation (COV) for the fracture tests reflects the result reliability of the test methods. Results with low COV value reflect low variance in the fracture test, whereas high COV indicates high variance. The review indicates that the SCB test is commonly used for determining the fracture energy in asphalt mixtures due to its simplicity and data reliability.
Face recognition in four types of colour space: a performance analysis
Authors: Nugroho Hanung Adi , Goratama Rezqy Dwikara , Frannita Eka Legya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Face detection is one of the problems in computer vision with a large number of researches works. This research work aims to analyses the effect of performing various color spaces in face detection. 1100 images provided by SFA dataset was used in this study. The proposed method was initiated by pre-processing step. Then, segmentation step by using thresholding and morphological operation was conducted. For selecting face area, some features such as eccentricity, area and texture features were used. Finally, for validating the reliability of the proposed method, UTKface dataset was applied. This study obtained more than 90% accuracy of face detection in each color space. Moreover, the highest accuracy was obtained in YCbCr color space with 96.13%. This result was also strengthened with other experiment by using UTKface dataset. This experiment achieves accuracy of 80%. According to the performance analysis, the proposed method is reliable for recognizing face characteristic.
Data Mining Approach for Learning management system
Authors: Dhika Harry , Destiawati Fitriana , Surajiyo  , Jaya Musa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During the pandemic, COVID-19 had an impact on education. All academic activities are hampered, teaching and learning activities must continue to run, and the efforts made are to do distance learning or e-learning. This relates to the integration of systems that must be synchronized with computers, mobile, and technology that can manage learning media electronically. In this study, the LMS in the COVID-19 pandemic period aims to optimize a learning system and provide convenience in the use of technology to deal with this pandemic. The results of this study are explaining the testing of the COVID-19 dataset with the concept of data mining and providing convenience in the application of Moodle-based e-learning so that the development of LMS can be maximized.