bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Company Subject to Another Insolvency Procedure
Authors: French Derek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter sets out who can apply for a winding-up order and when a winding-up order can be made where a company is already subject to an insolvency procedure. This chapter discusses the insolvency procedures under the law of England and Wales, other parts of the United Kingdom and outside the UK. A supervisor of a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) approved under IA 1986, part 1, may petition for the compulsory winding up of the company, and the court may appoint the supervisor to be liquidator of the company. IA 1986, part 1, is applied with modifications to building societies by the Building Societies Act 1986. When a company is in administration, no petition for it to be wound up may be presented without the administrator’s consent or the court’s permission, unless it is presented for the purpose of proceedings under the default rules of a recognized body in a financial market.
Zeta revisited
Authors: Hoover David L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It has been claimed that traditional interpretations of Zeta based on graphs with bisector lines (Craig and Kinney, 2009, Shakespeare, Computers, and the Mystery of Authorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.) are unsound, that validation with a held-out segments is inadequate, that counting types rather than tokens is suspect, and that the relationship between stronger Zeta scores and shorter word n-grams is an artifact of the method rather than a research finding (Rizvi, 2019a, The interpretation of zeta test results. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 34(2): 401–18). All of these claims are unsound. The separation of base and counter segments in a Zeta analysis is in fact an important research finding, the traditional interpretation of Zeta results based on a bisector line remain sound, and validation with a held-out segments is an appropriate method. Zeta’s reliance on consistency rather than frequency is not a bug but valuable feature that provides an important complementary method to those based on frequency. The results of extensive testing on corpora of prose, poetry, and drama show that increasing word n-gram length (but not character n-gram length) is often negatively correlated with classification accuracy. Higher Zeta scores are often correlated with better results, though the results vary a great deal depending on the corpus, the classification method, and the type and length of n-gram. Most importantly, these results show that Zeta gives strong results that are competitive with methods like Cosine Delta and Support Vector Machine on these classification tasks.
Stability and change in attitudes towards homosexuality among immigrant-origin adolescents in Norway
Authors: Sterri Erika Braanen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores attitudes about the acceptability of homosexuality among immigrant-origin adolescents in Norway. Using a sample of students enrolled in upper secondary school, and comparing the data from the World Value Survey, I discuss the extent to which attitudes towards homosexuality among immigrant-origin youth are predominantly static or subject to change as a result of exposure to Norwegian society. Despite substantial differences between native- and immigrant-origin youth, and between different groups according to regional origin and religious affiliation, I find clear indications of changes in attitudes across all groups in the direction of higher level of tolerance. Immigrant-origin youth in Norway consider themselves more tolerant than their parents; have more positive attitudes towards homosexuality than adolescents residing in their countries of origin have; and family length of residence correlates positively with acceptance of homosexuality. Exposure in the form of school contexts where native-origin adolescents make up a larger proportion of the student body is also positively correlated with more positive attitudes towards homosexuality among immigrant-origin youth, but only at the highest level of native density.
SN 2018hfm: a low-energy Type II supernova with prominent signatures of circumstellar interaction and dust formation
Authors: Zhang Xinghan , Wang Xiaofeng , Sai Hanna , Niculescu-Duvaz Maria , Filippenko Alexei V , Zheng WeiKang , Brink T G , Lin Han , Zhang Jicheng , Cai Yongzhi , Mo Jun , Zhang Jujia , Baron E , DerKacy J M , Huang F , Zhang T-M 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present multiband optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of an unusual Type II supernova, SN 2018hfm, which exploded in the nearby (d ≈ 34.67 Mpc) dwarf galaxy PGC 1297331 with a very low star formation rate (0.0270 M⊙ yr−1) and a subsolar metallicity environment (∼0.5 Z⊙). The V-band light curve of SN 2018hfm reaches a peak with value of −18.69 ± 0.64 mag, followed by a fast decline (4.42 ± 0.13 mag (100 d)−1). After about 50 d, it is found to experience a large flux drop (∼3.0 mag in V), and then enters into an unusually faint tail, which indicates a relatively small amount of 56Ni synthesized during the explosion. From the bolometric light curve, SN 2018hfm is estimated to have low ejecta mass (∼1.3 M⊙) and low explosion energy (∼1050 erg) compared with typical SNe II. The photospheric spectra of SN 2018hfm are similar to those of other SNe II, with P Cygni profiles of the Balmer series and metal lines, while at late phases the spectra are characterized by box-like profiles of H α emission, suggesting significant interaction between the SN ejecta and circumstellar matter. These box-like emission features are found to show increasing asymmetry with time, with the red-side component becoming gradually weaker, indicating that dust is continuously formed in the ejecta. Based on the dust-estimation tool damocles, we find that the dust increases from ∼10−6 M⊙ to 10−4–10−3 M⊙ between +66.7 d and +389.4 d after explosion.
The large-scale monopole of the power spectrum in a Euclid-like survey: wide-angle effects, lensing, and the ‘finger of the observer’
Authors: Elkhashab Mohamed Yousry , Porciani Cristiano , Bertacca Daniele 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Radial redshift-space distortions due to peculiar velocities and other light-cone effects shape the maps we build of the Universe. We address the open question of their impact onto the monopole moment of the galaxy power spectrum, P0(k). Specifically, we use an upgraded numerical implementation of the liger method to generate 140 mock galaxy density fields for a full Euclid-like survey and we measure P0(k) in each of them utilizing a standard estimator. We compare the spectra obtained by turning on and off different effects. Our results show that wide-angle effects due to radial peculiar velocities generate excess power above the level expected within the plane–parallel approximation. They are detectable with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.7 for $k\lt 0.02\, h$ Mpc−1. Weak-lensing magnification also produces additional power on large scales which, if the current favourite model for the luminosity function of Hα emitters turns out to be realistic, can only be detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.3 at best. Finally, we demonstrate that measuring P0(k) in the standard of rest of the observer generates an additive component reflecting the kinematic dipole overdensity caused by the peculiar velocity. This component is characterized by a damped oscillatory pattern on large scales. We show that this ‘finger of the observer’ effect is detectable in some redshift bins and suggest that its measurement could possibly open new research directions in connection with the determination of the cosmological parameters, the properties of the galaxy population under study, and the dipole itself.
A measurement of the Ly β forest power spectrum and its cross with the Ly α forest in X-Shooter XQ-100
Authors: Wilson Bayu , Iršič Vid , McQuinn Matthew 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Ly α forest is the large-scale structure probe for which we appear to have modelling control to the highest wavenumbers. This makes the Ly α forest of great interest for constraining the warmness/fuzziness of dark matter and the timing of reionization processes. However, the standard statistic, the Ly α forest power spectrum, is unable to strongly constrain the intergalactic medium (IGM) temperature–density relation, and this inability further limits how well other high-wavenumber-sensitive parameters can be constrained. With the aim of breaking these degeneracies, we measure the power spectrum of the Ly β forest and its cross-correlation with the coeval Ly α forest using the 100 spectra of z = 3.5–4.5 quasars in the VLT/X-Shooter XQ-100 Legacy Survey, motivated by the Ly β transition’s smaller absorption cross-section that makes it sensitive to somewhat higher densities relative to the Ly α transition. Our inferences from this measurement for the IGM temperature–density relation appear to latch consistently on to the recent tight lower redshift Ly α forest constraints. The z = 3.4–4.7 trends we find using the Ly α–Ly β cross-correlation show a flattening of the slope of the temperature–density relation with decreasing redshift. This is the trend anticipated from ongoing He ii reionization and there being sufficient time to reach the asymptotic temperature–density slope after hydrogen reionization completes. Furthermore, our measurements provide a consistency check on IGM models that explain the Ly α forest, with the cross-correlation being immune to systematics that are uncorrelated between the two forests, such as metal line contamination.
From blue cloud to red sequence: evidence of morphological transition prior to star formation quenching
Authors: Sampaio V M , de Carvalho R R , Ferreras I , Aragón-Salamanca A , Parker L C 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a study of a sample of 254 clusters from the SDSS-DR7 Yang Catalogue and an auxiliary sample of field galaxies to perform a detailed investigation on how galaxy quenching depends on both environment and galaxy stellar mass. Our samples are restricted to 0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.1 and we only consider clusters with log (Mhalo/M⊙) ≥ 14. Comparing properties of field and cluster galaxies in the blue cloud, green valley, and red sequence, we find evidence that field galaxies in the red sequence hosted star formation events $\rm 2.1 \pm 0.7$ Gyr ago, on average, more recently than galaxies in cluster environments. Dissecting the star formation rate versus stellar mass diagram we show how morphology rapidly changes after reaching the green valley region, while the star formation rate keeps decreasing. In addition, we use the relation between location in the projected phase space and infall time to explore the time delay between morphological and specific star formation rate variations. We estimate that the transition from late- to early-type morphology happens in Δtinf ∼ 1 Gyr, whereas the quenching of star formation takes ∼3 Gyr. The time-scale we estimate for morphological transitions is similar to the expected for the delayed-then-rapid quenching model. Therefore, we suggest that the delay phase is characterized mostly by morphological transition, which then contributes morphological quenching as an additional ingredient in galaxy evolution.
Comparison of the mass distributions of short-period exoplanets detected by transit and RV methods
Authors: Yakovlev Oleg Ya , Ananyeva V I , Ivanova A E , Tavrov A V 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the causes of a discrepancy between the earlier obtained samples of the mass distributions of exoplanets detected by the transit method and the radial velocity (RV) one and corrected for some observational selection effects. It is found that this discrepancy can be removed by introducing the following restrictions into the procedures forming the samples: (i) to consider, among transit exoplanets, only those which masses were determined by the RV method (i.e. excluding the transit time variation method); (ii) to take into account exoplanets with orbital periods P ∈ [1, 100] days and masses M ∈ [0.02, 13]MJ (Jupiter masses). In addition, we compare here the distributions by projective masses (which is Msin i, where i is the orbital inclination of an exoplanet). For this, the mass distribution of transit exoplanets is transformed into the projective mass distribution. Due to these three changes in the procedure, the obtained RV and transit distributions exhibit a similar behaviour in an interval of M ∈ [0.02, Mmid]MJ and coincide at M ∈ [Mmid, 13]MJ, where Mmid ≈ 0.17MJ.
ECO: the Evidence and Conclusion Ontology, an update for 2022
Authors: Nadendla Suvarna , Jackson Rebecca , Munro James , Quaglia Federica , Mészáros Bálint , Olley Dustin , Hobbs Elizabeth T , Goralski Stephen M , Chibucos Marcus , Mungall Christopher John , Tosatto Silvio C E , Erill Ivan , Giglio Michelle G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO) is a community resource that provides an ontology of terms used to capture the type of evidence that supports biomedical annotations and assertions. Consistent capture of evidence information with ECO allows tracking of annotation provenance, establishment of quality control measures, and evidence-based data mining. ECO is in use by dozens of data repositories and resources with both specific and general areas of focus. ECO is continually being expanded and enhanced in response to user requests as well as our aim to adhere to community best-practices for ontology development. The ECO support team engages in multiple collaborations with other ontologies and annotating groups. Here we report on recent updates to the ECO ontology itself as well as associated resources that are available through this project. ECO project products are freely available for download from the project website (https://evidenceontology.org/) and GitHub (https://github.com/evidenceontology/evidenceontology). ECO is released into the public domain under a CC0 1.0 Universal license.
HumanNet v3: an improved database of human gene networks for disease research
Authors: Kim Chan Yeong , Baek Seungbyn , Cha Junha , Yang Sunmo , Kim Eiru , Marcotte Edward M , Hart Traver , Lee Insuk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNetwork medicine has proven useful for dissecting genetic organization of complex human diseases. We have previously published HumanNet, an integrated network of human genes for disease studies. Since the release of the last version of HumanNet, many large-scale protein–protein interaction datasets have accumulated in public depositories. Additionally, the numbers of research papers and functional annotations for gene–phenotype associations have increased significantly. Therefore, updating HumanNet is a timely task for further improvement of network-based research into diseases. Here, we present HumanNet v3 (https://www.inetbio.org/humannet/, covering 99.8% of human protein coding genes) constructed by means of the expanded data with improved network inference algorithms. HumanNet v3 supports a three-tier model: HumanNet-PI (a protein–protein physical interaction network), HumanNet-FN (a functional gene network), and HumanNet-XC (a functional network extended by co-citation). Users can select a suitable tier of HumanNet for their study purpose. We showed that on disease gene predictions, HumanNet v3 outperforms both the previous HumanNet version and other integrated human gene networks. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HumanNet provides a feasible approach for selecting host genes likely to be associated with COVID-19.
Ensembl 2022
Authors: Cunningham Fiona , Allen James E , Allen Jamie , Alvarez-Jarreta Jorge , Amode M Ridwan , Armean Irina M , Austine-Orimoloye Olanrewaju , Azov Andrey G , Barnes If , Bennett Ruth , Berry Andrew , Bhai Jyothish , Bignell Alexandra , Billis Konstantinos , Boddu Sanjay , Brooks Lucy , Charkhchi Mehrnaz , Cummins Carla , Da Rin Fioretto Luca , Davidson Claire , Dodiya Kamalkumar , Donaldson Sarah , El Houdaigui Bilal , El Naboulsi Tamara , Fatima Reham , Giron Carlos Garcia , Genez Thiago , Martinez Jose Gonzalez , Guijarro-Clarke Cristina , Gymer Arthur , Hardy Matthew , Hollis Zoe , Hourlier Thibaut , Hunt Toby , Juettemann Thomas , Kaikala Vinay , Kay Mike , Lavidas Ilias , Le Tuan , Lemos Diana , Marugán José Carlos , Mohanan Shamika , Mushtaq Aleena , Naven Marc , Ogeh Denye N , Parker Anne , Parton Andrew , Perry Malcolm , Piližota Ivana , Prosovetskaia Irina , Sakthivel Manoj Pandian , Salam Ahamed Imran Abdul , Schmitt Bianca M , Schuilenburg Helen , Sheppard Dan , Pérez-Silva José G , Stark William , Steed Emily , Sutinen Kyösti , Sukumaran Ranjit , Sumathipala Dulika , Suner Marie-Marthe , Szpak Michal , Thormann Anja , Tricomi Francesca Floriana , Urbina-Gómez David , Veidenberg Andres , Walsh Thomas A , Walts Brandon , Willhoft Natalie , Winterbottom Andrea , Wass Elizabeth , Chakiachvili Marc , Flint Bethany , Frankish Adam , Giorgetti Stefano , Haggerty Leanne , Hunt Sarah E , IIsley Garth R , Loveland Jane E , Martin Fergal J , Moore Benjamin , Mudge Jonathan M , Muffato Matthieu , Perry Emily , Ruffier Magali , Tate John , Thybert David , Trevanion Stephen J , Dyer Sarah , Harrison Peter W , Howe Kevin L , Yates Andrew D , Zerbino Daniel R , Flicek Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnsembl (https://www.ensembl.org) is unique in its flexible infrastructure for access to genomic data and annotation. It has been designed to efficiently deliver annotation at scale for all eukaryotic life, and it also provides deep comprehensive annotation for key species. Genomes representing a greater diversity of species are increasingly being sequenced. In response, we have focussed our recent efforts on expediting the annotation of new assemblies. Here, we report the release of the greatest annual number of newly annotated genomes in the history of Ensembl via our dedicated Ensembl Rapid Release platform (http://rapid.ensembl.org). We have also developed a new method to generate comparative analyses at scale for these assemblies and, for the first time, we have annotated non-vertebrate eukaryotes. Meanwhile, we continually improve, extend and update the annotation for our high-value reference vertebrate genomes and report the details here. We have a range of specific software tools for specific tasks, such as the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) and the newly developed interface for the Variant Recoder. All Ensembl data, software and tools are freely available for download and are accessible programmatically.
The European Nucleotide Archive in 2021
Authors: Cummins Carla , Ahamed Alisha , Aslam Raheela , Burgin Josephine , Devraj Rajkumar , Edbali Ossama , Gupta Dipayan , Harrison Peter W , Haseeb Muhammad , Holt Sam , Ibrahim Talal , Ivanov Eugene , Jayathilaka Suran , Kadhirvelu Vishnukumar , Kay Simon , Kumar Manish , Lathi Ankur , Leinonen Rasko , Madeira Fabio , Madhusoodanan Nandana , Mansurova Milena , O’Cathail Colman , Pearce Matt , Pesant Stéphane , Rahman Nadim , Rajan Jeena , Rinck Gabriele , Selvakumar Sandeep , Sokolov Alexey , Suman Swati , Thorne Ross , Totoo Prabhat , Vijayaraja Senthilnathan , Waheed Zahra , Zyoud Ahmad , Lopez Rodrigo , Burdett Tony , Cochrane Guy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena), maintained at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) provides freely accessible services, both for deposition of, and access to, open nucleotide sequencing data. Open scientific data are of paramount importance to the scientific community and contribute daily to the acceleration of scientific advance. Here, we outline the major updates to ENA’s services and infrastructure that have been delivered over the past year.
SPICA: Swiss portal for immune cell analysis
Authors: Andreatta Massimo , David Fabrice P A , Iseli Christian , Guex Nicolas , Carmona Santiago J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics allows the study of immune cell heterogeneity at an unprecedented level of resolution. The Swiss portal for immune cell analysis (SPICA) is a web resource dedicated to the exploration and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data of immune cells. In contrast to other single-cell databases, SPICA hosts curated, cell type-specific reference atlases that describe immune cell states at high resolution, and published single-cell datasets analysed in the context of these atlases. Additionally, users can privately analyse their own data in the context of existing atlases and contribute to the SPICA database. SPICA is available at https://spica.unil.ch.
RNA chaperone activatesSalmonellavirulence program during infection
Authors: Choi Jeongjoon , Salvail Hubert , Groisman Eduardo A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganisms often harbor seemingly redundant proteins. In the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), the RNA chaperones CspC and CspE appear to play redundant virulence roles because a mutant lacking both chaperones is attenuated, whereas mutants lacking only one exhibit wild-type virulence. We now report that CspC—but not CspE—is necessary to activate the master virulence regulator PhoP when S. Typhimurium experiences mildly acidic pH, such as inside macrophages. This CspC-dependent PhoP activation is specific to mildly acidic pH because a cspC mutant behaves like wild-type S. Typhimurium under other PhoP-activating conditions. Moreover, it is mediated by ugtL, a virulence gene required for PhoP activation inside macrophages. Purified CspC promotes ugtL translation by disrupting a secondary structure in the ugtL mRNA that occludes ugtL’s ribosome binding site. Our findings demonstrate that proteins that are seemingly redundant actually confer distinct and critical functions to the lifestyle of an organism.
Priority index: database of genetic targets in immune-mediated disease
Authors: Fang Hai , Knight Julian C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We describe a comprehensive and unique database ‘Priority index’ (Pi; http://pi.well.ox.ac.uk) of prioritized genes encoding potential therapeutic targets that encompasses all major immune-mediated diseases. We provide targets at the gene level, each receiving a 5-star rating supported by: genomic evidence arising from disease genome-wide associations and functional immunogenomics, annotation evidence using ontologies restricted to genes with genomic evidence, and network evidence from protein interactions. Target genes often act together in related molecular pathways. The underlying Pi approach is unique in identifying a network of highly rated genes that mediate pathway crosstalk. In the Pi website, disease-centric pages are specially designed to enable the users to browse a complete list of prioritized genes and also a manageable list of nodal genes at the pathway crosstalk level; both switchable by clicks. Moreover, target genes are cross-referenced and supported using additional information, particularly regarding tractability, including druggable pockets viewed in 3D within protein structures. Target genes highly rated across diseases suggest drug repurposing opportunity, while genes in a particular disease reveal disease-specific targeting potential. To facilitate the ease of such utility, cross-disease comparisons involving multiple diseases are also supported. This facility, together with the faceted search, enhances integrative mining of the Pi resource to accelerate early-stage therapeutic target identification and validation leveraging human genetics.