bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shaped the taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity of natural forests in southern China
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Yong‐Qiang , Xiang Wu‐Sheng , Li Xian‐Kun , Cao Kun‐Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe mechanisms underlying the maintenance of biodiversity remain to be elucidated. Taxonomic diversity alone remains an unresolved issue, especially in terms of the mechanisms of species co‐existence. We hypothesized that phylogenetic information could help to elucidate the mechanism of community assembly and the services and functions of ecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms driving floral diversity in subtropical forests and evaluate the relative effects of these mechanisms on diversity variation, by combining taxonomic and phylogenetic information.LocationWe examined 35 1‐ha tree stem‐mapped plots across eight national nature reserves in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.TaxonTrees.MethodsWe quantified the taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity between each pair of plots using the (abundance‐based) Rao's quadratic entropy and the (incidence‐based) Sørensen dissimilarity indices. Using a null model approach, we compared the observed β‐diversity with the expected diversity at random and calculated the standard effect size of the observed β‐diversity deviation. Furthermore, we used distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to partition the variations in taxonomic and phylogenetic observed β‐diversity and β‐deviation into four parts to assess the environmental and spatial effects.ResultsThe taxonomic β‐deviation was related to and higher than the phylogenetic β‐deviation (r = .74). This indicated that the species turnover between pairwise plots was mainly the turnover of closely related species. Higher taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐deviation were mainly concentrated in the pairwise karst and nonkarst forest plots, indicating that the species in karst forests and nonkarst forests were predominantly from distantly related clades. A large proportions of the variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐deviation were explained by the joint effect of environmental and spatial variables, while the contribution of environmental variables was greater than that of spatial variables, probably owing to the influence of the sampling scale dependence, integrality of sampling size and species pool, and the unique climatic and geomorphic characteristics.Main conclusionsOur study highlights the importance of phylogeny in biodiversity research. The incorporation of taxonomic and phylogenetic information provides a perspective to explore potential underlying mechanisms that have shaped species assemblages and phylogenetic patterns in biodiversity hotspots.
Restricted left atrial dilatation can visually differentiate cardiac amyloidosis from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Higashi Haruhiko , Inoue Katsuji , Inaba Shinji , Nakao Yasuhisa , Kinoshita Masaki , Miyazaki Shigehiro , Miyoshi Toru , Akazawa Yusuke , Kawakami Hiroshi , Uetani Teruyoshi , Aono Jun , Nagai Takayuki , Nishimura Kazuhisa , Ikeda Shuntaro , Saito Makoto , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative myocardial disease that occasionally mimics hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The aim of this study is to investigate the discriminatory ability of visual assessment of left atrial (LA) function between CA and HCM on echocardiography.Methods and resultsIn total, 93 patients with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)‐confirmed HCM and 34 with cardiac biopsy‐confirmed CA were retrospectively assessed. LA dilatation was assessed via echocardiography in an apical four‐chamber view. Visual assessment was performed to identify LA dilatation grade (preserved = 1, abnormal = 2, and restricted = 3) based on the extent of outward expansion in the LA reservoir phase. Regarding the reproducibility of visually assessing LA dilatation grade, the kappa values between intra‐ and inter‐observer measurements were 0.82 and 0.70, respectively. Of 127 participants, 57 (45%), 42 (33%), and 28 (22%) presented with LA dilatation Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All 57 patients with preserved LA dilatation (Grade 1) had HCM, and 20 of 28 patients (71%) with restricted LA dilatation (Grade 3) presented with CA. Patients with CA had a higher LA dilatation grade than those with HCM (P < 0.01). LA emptying fraction and reservoir strain were also quantitatively evaluated. The area under the curves of LA dilatation grade (0.88) and LA emptying fraction (0.88) for differentiation of these two diseases were higher than that of LA reservoir strain (0.73) (P < 0.01, respectively). During follow‐up, nine patients with HCM and 16 with CA experienced cardiac event (cardiac death or hospitalization due to heart failure). In Kaplan–Meier analysis including both groups of HCM and CA, the incidence of cardiac events was higher in patients with restricted LA dilatation than in those with preserved or abnormal LA dilatation (log‐rank test, P < 0.01).ConclusionsRestricted LA dilatation is an indicator for the diagnosis of CA. Further, visual assessment of abnormal LA motion may facilitate diagnosis in patients with CA and high‐risk patients with HCM.
The Crucial Role of S‐oxidation State on the Selectivity and Reaction Rate of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Homochiral Thiazolines
Authors: Gracia‐Vitoria Jaime , Osante Iñaki , Cativiela Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe novel enantiopure synthesis of protected proline‐cysteine analogs by means of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of homochiral thiazolines and azomethine ylides is described. The important role of the oxidation state of the sulfur atom of the dipolarophile in such reaction is demonstrated affecting strongly the regioselectivity and reactivity of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Mono‐oxidized sulfur atom (sulfoxide group) and di‐oxidized (sulfone group) led to 2,3 regio‐addition whereas reactions starting from non‐oxidized sulfur atom resulted in the 2,4 addition. Besides, sulfur oxidized thiazolines reacted smoothly upon heating in an organic solvent media but the non‐oxidized sulfur thiazoline required metal catalysis. Diastereofacial selectivity was observed to be independent of the oxidation state of the sulfur atom but controlled by the bulky tert‐butyl group at the thiazoline ring. The highly substituted and functionalized enantiopure pyrrolidine‐thiazolidine bicyclic compounds are considered as novel (homo)cysteine‐proline analogs with important properties to discover.
A novel metal–organic framework‐derived NiSe2/ZnSe‐NC as advanced anode materials for high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Rui , Chi Kai , Wu Jihuai , Wang Liangjie , Lin Jianming , Wang Shuai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo obtain high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors, searching anode materials with large electrochemical properties remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel anode material composed of metal−organic framework‐derived NiSe2, ZnSe, and nitrogen/carbon (NiSe2/ZnSe‐NC) composites with high specific capacity has been successfully designed and synthesized via simple hydrothermal and two‐step calcination‐thermolysis processes. Electrochemical tests on the NiSe2/ZnSe‐NC//active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrate an outstanding energy density of 45 W·h·kg–1 at a power density of 400 W·kg–1 and only lost 5.6% of specific capacity after 5000 cyclic voltammetry cycles. In addition, after fully charged, the assembled NiSe2/ZnSe‐NC//active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor can easily light up a series of red light‐emitting diode indicators, indicating that the NiSe2/ZnSe‐NC is promising as efficient anode materials for fabrication of environment‐friendly and low‐cost supercapacitors.
Chromosome microarray characterisation of chromosome arm 12p loss associated with complex molecular karyotype and recurrent adverse cytogenetic markers in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hung Dorothy , Lenton Douglas , Eslick Renee , Blennerhassett Richard , Joshi Maansi , McCaughan Georgia , Day Samantha , Wright Dale 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCopy number loss within chromosome 12 short arm (12p) has gained attention as an adverse cytogenetic marker in multiple myeloma. The prognostic significance and characterisation of the common minimal deleted region remains controversial between various studies with loss of CD27 proposed as the putative critical gene. We aimed to determine the frequency of 12p loss, its correlation with adverse cytogenetic markers further to define and characterise 12p deletions. Our study included a prospective cohort of 574 multiple myeloma patients referred for cytogenetic testing, including interphase fluorescence in situ hybridisation for IGH (14q32.33) translocations and chromosome microarray. Loss of 12p was detected in 54/574 (9.4%) patients and when compared with the non‐12p loss group [520/574 (90.6%)], 12p loss patients demonstrated a statistically significant association with specific recurrent cytogenetic markers: complex molecular karyotypes (98.1% vs 45.2%), 1p loss (50.0% vs 20.2%), t(4;14) (20.4% vs 7.7%), 8p loss (37.0% vs 15.0%), 13/13q loss (70.4% vs 41.7%), and 17p loss (33.3% vs 6.5%). The size and location of 12p losses were heterogeneous with a common 0.88 Mb minimally deleted region that included ~9 genes from ETV6 to CDKN1B in 52/54 (~96.3%) patients but did not include CD27. Our findings support 12p loss being a secondary chromosome abnormality frequently co‐occurring with adverse cytogenetic markers and complex molecular karyotypes indicative of chromosome instability.
Visual mechanisms for voice‐identity recognition flexibly adjust to auditory noise level
Authors: Maguinness Corrina , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecognising the identity of voices is a key ingredient of communication. Visual mechanisms support this ability: recognition is better for voices previously learned with their corresponding face (compared to a control condition). This so‐called ‘face‐benefit’ is supported by the fusiform face area (FFA), a region sensitive to facial form and identity. Behavioural findings indicate that the face‐benefit increases in noisy listening conditions. The neural mechanisms for this increase are unknown. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined responses in face‐sensitive regions while participants recognised the identity of auditory‐only speakers (previously learned by face) in high (SNR −4 dB) and low (SNR +4 dB) levels of auditory noise. We observed a face‐benefit in both noise levels, for most participants (16 of 21). In high‐noise, the recognition of face‐learned speakers engaged the right posterior superior temporal sulcus motion‐sensitive face area (pSTS‐mFA), a region implicated in the processing of dynamic facial cues. The face‐benefit in high‐noise also correlated positively with increased functional connectivity between this region and voice‐sensitive regions in the temporal lobe in the group of 16 participants with a behavioural face‐benefit. In low‐noise, the face‐benefit was robustly associated with increased responses in the FFA and to a lesser extent the right pSTS‐mFA. The findings highlight the remarkably adaptive nature of the visual network supporting voice‐identity recognition in auditory‐only listening conditions.
Nontargeted mass spectrometry of dried blood spots for interrogation of the human circulating metabolome
Authors: Ward Casey , Nallamshetty Shriram , Watrous Jeramie D. , Acres Eowyn , Long Tao , Mathews Ian T. , Sharma Sonia , Cheng Susan , Imam Farhad , Jain Mohit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvances in high‐resolution, nontargeted mass spectrometry allow for the simultaneous measure of thousands of metabolites in a single biosample. Application of these analytical approaches to population‐scale human studies has been limited by the need for resource‐intensive blood sample collection, preparation, and storage. Dried blood spotting, a technique developed decades ago for newborn screening, may offer a simple approach to overcome barriers in human blood acquisition and storage. In this study, we find that over 4,400 spectral features across diverse chemical classes may be efficiently and reproducibly extracted and relatively quantified from human dried blood spots using nontargeted metabolomic analysis employing HILIC and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Moreover, over 80% of metabolites were found to be chemically stable in dried blood spots stored at room temperature for up to a week. In direct relation to plasma samples, dried blood spots exhibited comparable representation of the human circulating metabolome, capturing both known and previously uncharacterized metabolites. Dried blood spot approaches provide an opportunity for rapid and facile human biosampling and storage and will enable widespread metabolomics study of populations, particularly in resource‐limited areas.
Exploring Factors that Differentiate Art and Non‐Art High School Students
Authors: Ozga Wioletta Karina , Cudo Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAre there differences in divergent thinking and personality traits between students who attend art‐based high schools and non‐art‐based high schools? The main goal of this exploratory study was to focus on this question and to explore the factors that might differentiate a sample of art and non‐art high school students. We addressed these questions by exploring a convenience sample (N = 167) of students from art schools (N = 79) and students from non‐art high schools (N = 88). We used three divergent‐thinking measures (i.e., Sketches Test, Brick Uses Test, and Consequences Test) and the five‐factor personality inventory (NEO‐FFI) to explore potential differences. The results showed that the type of school was positively associated with fluency, flexibly, and originality and negatively with openness. We also explored differences using discriminant analysis. It was found that students who attended art high schools have a lower level of originality and a high level of flexibility and openness compared to students attending regular high schools. Our findings may indicate that these factors can help to understand the differences between art and non‐art high school students.
Nutritional and functional attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata [L] Wilczek) flour as affected by sprouting time
Authors: Elobuike Chinelo S. , Idowu Michael A. , Adeola Abiodun A. , Bakare Henry A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSprouting of grains improves their nutritional value and functionality, but information on the appropriate sprouting time required to obtain an optimum quality of mungbean flour is limited. This study evaluated the attributes of mungbean flour as influenced by sprouting time. Mungbean seeds were cleaned, sorted, surface‐sterilised, rinsed and sprouted (28°C and 26% R.H) for 24 to 120 hr. Proximate, amino acids (AA), vitamins, mineral, anti‐nutritional (phytate, tannin, oxalate, trypsin inhibitor, raffinose and stachyose) composition, functional properties (viscosity, bulk density and swelling index), microbial quality (total plate and mould counts) and energy of the flours obtained from the sprouted seeds were analysed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the energy contents, chemical and functional properties of mungbean flour. There was no fungal growth in the samples until after 72 hr. Leucine, followed by lysine, was the dominant essential AA while methionine was the least. In conclusion, increase in sprouting period improved the nutrient composition but reduced the anti‐nutrients of mungbean flour. Samples sprouted for 24 hr had the highest total essential and conditionally essential AA.
Reliability of high‐resolution CT scan in diagnosis of ossicular tympanosclerosis
Authors: Larem Aisha , Abu Rajab Altamimi Zaid , Aljariri Adham A. , Haidar Hassan , Elsotouhy Ahmed , Alsaadi Ali , Alqahtani Abdulsalam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability of high‐resolution CT scans (HRCT scans) in the diagnosis of tympanosclerosis and to determine its benefit to predict the post‐surgical hearing outcome based on comparing radiological and surgical findings.MethodsA retrospective study at a tertiary institute included 940 ears that underwent tyampanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) between January 2013 and March 2017. Preoperative temporal bone HRCT scans were analyzed to check for the prediction of tympanosclerosis and ossicular fixation. Intraoperatively, ossicular chain integrity was checked. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric evaluations using air‐bone gap (ABG) were compared. A postoperative pure‐tone ABG of 20 dB or less was considered as a successful hearing result. Results are compared with historical control groups, the study has been reviewed and approved by the IRB at the medical research center in Hamad Medical Corporation; however, it is a retrospective study so no informed consent was obtained from the patients.ResultsThe study included 940 ears that underwent tympanoplasties due to CSOM, where 238 out of 940 (25.3%) of ears showed tympanosclerosis during tympanoplasty, intraoperatively, tympanosclerosis was localized to the eardrum in 174 of the 238 involved ears (73.1%), A 64 out of 238 (26.9%) of the ears with tympanosclerosis showed ossicular fixation, divided as 45 ears with Incudo‐malleal fixation, 14 ears with stapes fixation, and 5 ears with triple ossicular fixation. HRCT scan of the temporal bone was suggestive of ossicular chain fixation in 79 cases distributed as 55 incudo‐malleal fixations, 19 stapes fixation, and 5 complete ossicular fixations, with a sensitivity of 96.8%, and specificity of 98%. The audiological results were analyzed, with a patient follow‐up after 6 months.ConclusionsOur study showed that CT scans when combined with the clinical findings can be an informative guide to otolaryngologists for preoperative evaluation and counseling of tympanosclerosis surgeries.
Recent Advances in Lipid Derived Bio‐Based Materials for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Pradhan Rehan Ali , Arshad Muhammad , Ullah Aman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe utilization of lipids is presently in the spotlight of food industry as they are one of novel renewable and sustainable raw materials. Lipids derived materials are considered as a promising alternate to petro‐based polymers as they are sustainable, biorenewable, biodegradable, and environmentally benign. These unique attributes draw the attention of scientific community for the use of lipids in food packaging applications with a potential to compete with fossil fuel derived polymers. This paper reviews recent advances in the use of lipids and their effect on the barrier, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and mechanical properties of films, coating and nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Modification of lipids and its chemical interactions with other biopolymers during processing for the synthesis of different materials are also discussed. Global patents and research trend in use of lipids for the preparation of biocomposites are also described. The role of lipids in the circular economy is highlighted and life cycle assessment of lipids derived products is outlined with examples. The review is concluded with synoptic view of existing and forthcoming potential use of lipids in various food packaging applications.
Temperature Modulation and Feed Supplementation Significantly Improve Population Growth of Laboratory-Reared Dero digitata (Annelida: Naididae)
Authors: Tiwari Ambika , Woodyard Ethan T. , Rosser T. Graham , Griffin Matt J. , Mischke Charles C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dero digitata is the definitive oligochaete host of Henneguya ictaluri (Cnidaria: Myxobolidae), the causative agent of proliferative gill disease in U.S. farm-raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish I. furcatus). Several studies were performed to identify optimal conditions for culturing D. digitata in the laboratory for experimental life cycle studies. The first experiments investigated the effects of temperature on D. digitata population growth. Five different growth studies were conducted, each consisting of three different temperature treatments ranging from 7°C to 32°C. Cultures were held under different temperature regimes, and D. digitata numbers were determined after 2 weeks. Dero digitata populations reared at 21–32°C had significantly higher population growth than those maintained at lower temperatures. Additional experiments investigated the effects of supplemental diets on laboratory-reared D. digitata populations. Treatments consisted of autoclaved water that was collected from production ponds with substantial algal growth or a reservoir pond with a negligible algal bloom and maintained at ideal temperatures determined from the temperature trials (~26°C). Cultures were supplemented with three different commercially available feeds designed for bottom-feeding ornamental fish. Significantly larger numbers and greater reproductive rates, taken as an indirect measure of population fitness, were observed in D. digitata cultured in autoclaved pond water supplemented with algal wafers containing 29.0% minimum (min.) crude protein, 7.0% min. crude fat, 6.0% maximum (max.) crude fiber, 9.0% max. moisture, and 0.8% min. phosphorus. A final experiment showed that weekly water exchanges resulted in greater population growth of D. digitata relative to culture in nonexchanged water. This work optimizes the laboratory propagation of D. digitata and will facilitate life cycle studies and controlled experiments establishing developmental timelines and host–parasite interactions of H. ictaluri, similar to other myxozoan parasites.
Proposed Standard Weight Equation and Standard Length Categories for Lake Chubsucker
Authors: Bonvechio Timothy F. , Bonvechio Kimberly I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Standard weight equations have been proposed for a variety of fishes, including many nongame species. Here, we developed standard weight (Ws) equations for Lake Chubsucker Erimyzon succetta using the traditional regression-line-percentile technique and the newer empirical-percentile method. Length and weight data for 19,727 Lake Chubsuckers from 8 to 42 cm TL and 129 populations were used in the final analysis. These fish were collected from 1977 to 2020 by various agency and university personnel from most known populations across the species’ range in North America. This species is considered vulnerable, imperiled, or extirpated in several Midwestern and northern states, but it appears to be secure in the Southeast. The resulting Ws equations were log10W = −5.0962 + 3.1125 × log10L and log10W = –5.9735 + 3.8828 × log10L −0.1701 × (log10L)2 for the RLP and quadratic empirical-percentile method techniques, respectively, where W is weight (g) and L is total length (TL, mm). The regression-line-percentile equation␣exhibited a greater length-related bias especially at the ends of the length spectrum, so we recommend the quadratic empirical-percentile equation␣for this species. We also developed standard length categories for assessing fish population size structure. We propose minimum lengths for five standard length categories of 11, 18, 24, 28, and 35 cm TL for stock, quality, preferred, memorable, and trophy sizes, respectively. Development of a Ws equation␣and standard length categories will aid biologists in assessing condition and size structure of wild Lake Chubsucker populations and those being propagated for supplemental stocking into trophy bass ponds for native forage or in areas with depressed native populations. Additionally, by evaluating this nongame species that occupies the same environments as higher profile game fish species, a more holistic approach of evaluating the overall health of systems can be examined.