bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower-Extremity Segment-Length Prediction Accuracy of the Sanders Multiplier, Paley Multiplier, and White-Menelaus Formula
Authors: Birch John G. , Makarov Marina R. , Sanders James O. , Podeszwa David A. , Honcharuk Erin M. , Esparza Melissa , Tran Elaine Y. , Jo Chan-Hee , Rodgers Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Several methods are available to estimate leg lengths at maturity to facilitate the determination of timing of epiphysiodesis. We compared the Paley multiplier, Sanders multiplier, and White-Menelaus methods in an epiphysiodesis-aged cohort. We assessed intra- and interrater reliability for Sanders skeletal stages and Greulich and Pyle atlas skeletal age.

Methods:
Actual growth was recorded in healthy, unoperated femoral and tibial segments from an epiphysiodesis database. The predicted and actual lengths were compared with use of the Paley multiplier and White-Menelaus methods, Greulich and Pyle skeletal age, and the Sanders multiplier using Sanders stages. Intra- and interrater reliability were assessed in a separate group of 76 skeletal age films.

Results:
The cohort included 148 femora and 195 tibiae in 197 patients. Femoral length at maturity was slightly underestimated by the Sanders multiplier and staging, was overestimated by the Paley multiplier and skeletal age, and was most accurately predicted with use of the White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age. All methods overestimated tibial length at maturity. The whole-leg prediction accuracy of the Sanders multiplier and White-Menelaus formula were comparable and were more accurate than that of the Paley multiplier. For Sanders skeletal staging, the interrater reliability varied from 0.86 to 0.88 and the intrarater reliability varied from 0.87 to 0.96. For Greulich and Pyle skeletal age, the interrater reliability varied from 0.87 to 0.89 and the intrarater reliability varied from 0.91 to 0.95.

Conclusions:
Use of the Sanders multiplier and skeletal stages was more accurate than the Paley multiplier and skeletal age in this cohort. Use of the White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age was slightly more accurate in predicting femoral length and slightly less accurate in predicting tibial length compared with the Sanders multiplier. Intra- and interrater reliability were similar between Sanders skeletal stages and Greulich and Pyle atlas skeletal age. The White-Menelaus formula and skeletal age was the recommended method for predicting lower-extremity segment lengths at maturity and epiphysiodesis effect. Although easier to recall without referencing an atlas and not sex-specific, Sanders skeletal staging does not correspond directly to years of growth remaining, and thus cannot be used with the White-Menelaus formula.

Clinical Relevance:
The Greulich and Pyle atlas to determine skeletal age and the White-Menelaus formula to determine growth remaining are reliable predictors of epiphysiodesis effect in the lower extremities.
Does high protein intake cause tubular injury in very preterm neonates?
Authors: Puspitasari Henny Adriani , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Very preterm birth rate was 10.8% of all preterm in Asia. Early aggressive nutritional strategies in very preterm neonates is important for catching up growth; however, preterm kidneys have fewer, immature functional nephrons. Studies have showed that high protein intake induces nephron hypertrophy, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis through single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration (SNGHF), which leads to glomerulotubular injury. Aim: to analyse the correlation between protein intake and glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in neonatal units of two hospitals in Jakarta. Urine samples were taken three times at post-natal ages 0-48 hours (T1), 72 hours (T2), and 21 days (T3) for determining the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to creatinine (uNGAL/Cr) ratio. Protein intake were given in accordance with local guideline while considering the clinical condition of participants. Protein levels from formula milk were recorded daily from 14-21 days of age, while breastmilk protein was measured twice by using a human milk analyser. Urinary NGAL (uNGAL) was tested with an ELISA. Glomerulotubular injury was defined as a uNGAL/Cr ratio ≥1 SD (22.74 ng/mg) at post-natal age 21 days. High protein intake was defined as average protein intake ≥ 3 g/kg/day. Results: Fifty-nine very preterm neonates were recruited, of which 39 completed the study. Glomerulotubular injury was found in 9 of 39 participants (23%). The proportion of glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates who had received high protein intake vs low protein intake was 5 of 29 vs 4 of 10 participants, respectively. The median of uNGAL/Cr ratio was not significantly different in the high vs low protein intake group (3.54 (range: 0.69-89.16) ng/mg vs (6.88 (range: 0.32-66.64)) ng/mg, respectively. The uNGAL/C ratio was not correlated with protein intake. However, it was inversely correlated with gestational age and birth weight. Conclusions: The proportion of glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates given high protein diet was 5 of 29. The uNGAL/Cr ratio was increased at the post-natal age of 72 hours and decreased in 21 days in both high and low protein intake groups. High protein intake was not correlated with glomerulotubular injury.
Assessing a Transition to 100% Renewable Power Generation in a Non-interconnected Area: A Case Study for La R ́Eunion Island
Authors: Babonneau Frederic , Biscaglia Stéphane , Chotard David , Haurie Alain , Mairet Nicolas , Lefillatre Thibaut 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a global and multi-timescale approach for assessing energy tran- sition policies aiming at fully renewable generation in power systems of non-interconnected areas, typically islands or isolated regions. The approach links together three dynamic mod- els:(i) a capacity expansion model, ETEM-SG, proposes an investment and production plan for typical days, at the horizon 2030; (ii) a simplified dispatch model is used to validate the production plan for a full year data of weather and demand variations and; (iii) a static & dynamic power system analysis is used to assess the stability of the new power network for fast occurring events like, e.g., a sudden reduction of renewable production. The proposed three-stage approach generates a least-cost long-term investment planning that ensures a supply-demand balance at an hourly time-step and power network statibility at a few mil- lisecond time scale. The presentaion is based on a case study fully described in a report [1] made with ADEME, the French Agency for ecological transition, for the French island La R ́eunion. It shows how a reliable 100% renewable power supply is reachable by 2030, in this area.
Cerebral Cysticercosis Mimicking Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Tingzhong , Bao Yijun , Du Jinghua , Guan Yongchang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background : Dense exudate during the calcification of cerebral cysticercosis in basal subarachnoid space was easy to be misdiagnosed as SAH, clinical evaluation and MRI can help differentiate SAH from pseudo-SAH.Case presentation: A case of ventricular expansion accompanied by high-density shadows in cisterna circinata cerebri was taken to the hospital for treatment due to sudden faint. This patient was diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage according to computed tomography (CT) in another hospital. We believe that the high density in cisterna circinata cerebri was misdiagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) one year ago. The main etiology of SAH is aneurysm, non-aneurysmal SAH associated with cerebral cysticercosis is extremely rare. Only 5 patients have been reported.Conclusion: This case indicated that although the specificity of CT for SAH is very high, the physicians should be aware of rare false positive findings, called pseudo-SAH.
McConnell’s Sign As An indicator of Right Ventricular Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Arul Judah Nijas , Krishnamurthy Preetam , Kumar Balakrishnan Vinod , Muralidharan Thoddi Ramamurthy , Boopathy Senguttuvan Nagendra , Tripathi Ashutosh Prasad , Ramesh Sankaran , Sadhanandham Shanmugasundram , Jebaraj Rathinasamy , Balasubramaniyan Jayanthy Venkata , Murthy Jayanthy Sathyanarayana , Thanikachalam Sadagopan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMcConnell’s sign is a specific echocardiographic finding that was first described in patient with acute pulmonary embolism signifying right ventricular dysfunction. It remains an under-recognized sign in patients with right ventricular infarction.Case PresentationAn 80-year-old woman presented with sudden onset chest pain and breathlessness. The electrocardiogram showed features suggestive of inferior, posterior, and right ventricular infarction with complete heart block and McConnell’s sign was seen on the echocardiography. CT pulmonary angiogram ruled out the present of pulmonary thromboembolism. Coronary angiogram revealed an occluded right coronary artery with collateral supply from the left circulation. Medical management was planned after patient-physician discussion. Patient symptomatically improved with medical management.ConclusionAlthough McConnell’s sign is suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism, it may also be present in patients with right ventricular dysfunction due to infarction. The presence of McConnell’s sign in a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome should prompt evaluation for right ventricular infarction in the absence of acute pulmonary embolism.
QoS-Aware Resource Allocation and Femtocell Selection for 5G Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Bouaziz Amal , Saddoud Ahlem , chaari lamia , Chaouchi Hakima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
5G is not a simple cellular technology; it's a real revolution to improve the
connection speed that assures Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and user
satisfaction in a heterogeneous environment. 5G network is considered as a Het-
erogeneous Networks (HetNets) able to support a multitude of speci c use cases
(such as Smart Metering and Videoconferencing) and new services, where per-
formance requirements will be extremely polarized. In this context, several key
issues for 5G communications should be addressed to satisfy QoS provisioning.
Radio resource allocation is considered as an important 5G key issue for Inter-
net of Things (IoT) communications. In this paper, we propose a QoS-aware
resource allocation and femtocell selection for 5G HetNets named QoS-RAS.
Our proposed approach maximizes the total resource utilization of the network
and it ensures a balanced load by selecting the suitable femtocell for each user
and allocating the available resources with an adequate manner. Our work gives
the best scenarios that aim to enhance system model performance in terms of
resource utilization ratio, dropped request probability, total average throughput
and fairness index.
Outcome of Labor Induction and it’s Associated Factor among Laboring Women at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shiferaw Abel , Assebe Tesfaye , Demena Melake , Assefa Abeselom 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Induction of labor has a great role to prevent neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite its role Induction sometimes fails with a potential risk of increasing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In Dire Dawa, there was no study done on outcomes of labor inductions. Therefore, this study is planned to fill this gap by studying the outcome of labor induction and associated factors among women who had delivered at Dilchora referral hospital in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the outcome of labor induction and associated factors among women who had delivered at Dilchora referral hospital Dire Dawa East Ethiopia, May 15 to June 1, 2020.Methods: Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study (July 8, 2014 up to July 08, 2019) was employed by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 444 charts using a systematic random sampling method by trained data collectors. First, bi-variate analysis was done to select variables for multivariate analysis and those variables with p-value 0.25 or less interred into multivariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, those variables with p-value <0.05 are considered as significantly associated. The model adequacy was checked by using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test.Result: The result of the study reveled Post-Term mother [(AOR: 0.49 (0.25-0.98.The mother whose labor is induced by misoprostol [(AOR: 2.5 (1.08-5.94] the mother whose labor is induced by both (oxytocin and misoprostol) [(AOR: 0.33 (0.13-0.86)] and non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern [(AOR: 0.10(0.03-0.30)] were significantly associated with success of induction.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of success of labor induction was found (83.6%). And the most common indications for labor inductions were PROM and Post term. Furthermore, the study described that the most common method of induction in Dilchora referral Hospital is iv oxytocin and the minister of health should develop national evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for labour of induction and enforce its implementation.
The Effect of Medication Therapy Combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Depression and Response Inhibition of Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I
Authors: Mardani A. Parnaz , Hassanvandi Saba , Dadashi Mohsen , Zolghadriha Ahmad , Javadani Hossein , Mousavi Seyedeh Elnaz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveBipolar Disorder (BD) is one of the most common mental disorders associated with depressive symptoms and impairment in executive functions such as response inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medication therapy combined with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on depression and response inhibition of patients with BD.MethodThis is a clinical trial with pretest, posttest, and follow-up design. Participants were 30 patients with BD randomly assigned to two groups of Medication + tDCS (n = 15, receiving medications plus tDCS with 2 mA intensity over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 10 days, two sessions per day each for 20 min) and Mediaction (n = 15, receiving mood stabilizers including 300 mg lithium, 200 mg sodium valproate, and 200 mg carbamazepine two times per day). Pretest, posttest and 3-month follow-up assessments were the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and a go/no-go test. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.20 software.ResultsThe mean HDRS score in both groups was reduced after both interventional techniques, where the group received combined therapy showed more reduction (P < 0.01), although their effects were not maintained after 3 months. In examining response inhibition variable, only the combined therapy could reduce the commission error of patients under a go/no-go task (p < 0.05), but its effect was not stable; there was no significant difference in the group recieved medication therapy alone.ConclusionMedication in combination with tDCS can reduce the depressive symptoms and improve the response inhibition ability of people with BD.
Impact of Cancer Cachexia on Treatment With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Miyawaki Taichi , Naito Tateaki , Yabe Michitoshi , Kodama Hiroaki , Nishioka Naoya , Miyawaki Eriko , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Murakami Haruyasu , Mori Keita , Harada Hideyuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeProgrammed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy has become the standard first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies have explicitly focused on the impact of cancer cachexia on the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Thus, we evaluated the clinical implications of cancer cachexia on the survival outcomes in patients who received this treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy from December 2018 to December 2020. Cancer cachexia was diagnosed as an unintentional weight loss of 5% or more over six months. We evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with or without cancer cachexia who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy.ResultsAmong the 80 included patients, 37 (46%) had cancer cachexia. Cachectic patients had a lower objective response rate (30 vs 51%, P <0.05), poorer PFS (2.3 vs 12.0 months, P <0.05), and poorer OS (10.8 vs 23.9 months, P <0.05) than non-cachectic patients. The Cox proportional-hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of cancer cachexia were 1.77 (1.01–3.10) for PFS and 2.90 (1.40–6.00) for OS, with adjustments for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, PD-L1 tumour proportion score, histology, and central nervous system metastases. Conclusion﻿Pre-treatment cancer cachexia may reduce treatment efficacy and shorten survival time in patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy. Early evaluation and intervention for cancer cachexia might improve oncological outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Vehicle Specific Power: An Alternative to Evaluate the Dynamics of Real-Driving Tests
Authors: Forcetto Andre Luiz Silva , Junior Orlando Salvo , Filho Francisco Fernando Maciel , Andrade Maria de Fatima , Filho Flavio Guilherme Vaz de Almeida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vehicles are an important source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Their emissions are controlled since the 1970’s by laboratory tests, but divergences are often found between the results and real-world emissions. Real Driving Emissions procedure was implemented in many countries, in order to evaluate the vehicle closer to actual operation. In order to reduce the dispersion of the results, some dynamic parameters, such as speed and acceleration, are controlled, but the influence of the road grade has not being taken into account. This paper presents an alternative for the dynamic metrics, based on the Vehicle Specific Power, that allows evaluating more accurately the vehicle dynamics and representing better both the up-and-downhill effect as well the low engine power driving requirement, even when the regulatory parameters are into their limits.
Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44
Authors: An Xingyu , Zhang Hui , Li Jinlu , Yang Rui , Zeng Qianchun , Wang Mo , Luo Qiong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.
Advanced Art Authentication in Oil Paintings Using Precise 3D Morphological Analysis of Craquelure Patterns
Authors: Kim Soojung , Park Sang Min , Bak Seongjin , Kim Gyeong Hun , Kim Chang-Seok , Kim Chang Eun , Kim Kyujung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of scientific technology for art authentication have elicited multidimensional evidence to distinguish forgeries from original artworks. Here, we analyzed three-dimensional morphology of cracks that contain information such as painting features of artworks using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). The forgeries were produced by an expert from the original oil paintings with cracks that occur as paint drying, canvas aging, and physical damage. The parameters such as shape, width, and depth were compared based on cross-sectional images of original and fake cracks. The shapes of original cracks were a rectangular and an inverted triangle, but fake cracks were a relatively simple inverted triangle. The original cracks were as deep as the thickness of the upper layer and mostly have ‘thin/deep' or 'wide/shallow'. The fake cracks were observed as 'thin/shallow' or 'wide/deep'. This study will improve the understanding of the crack characteristics and promote development of techniques for art authenticity.
Decision Support System For Determining Power Loss And Refurbishability Of Failed Automotive Petrol Engine Block And Crankshaft
Authors: AKINNULI BASIL OLUFEMI , AWOPETU OLADELE , OJO OLUWASEUN OLUWAGBEMIGA 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The crankshaft and engine block of automobile wear or fail after certain years of usage. The cause of failure is a contributing factor to the power loss of the engine. Power loss reduces the performance of the vehicle. Due to the economic situation in Nigeria, the cost of buying new engines is usually high and some used engines have problems that are latent. Pre-test engine analysis was carried out and torque of each selected engine was measured with a dynamometer to know the speed of the worn engine. Disassembly of four (4) cylinder engines namely; Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi, and Mazda were carried out and the affected failed parts, namely; main bearing, crankpin journal, and bore cylinder diameter were determined and the level of their wear as well as power losses ascertained using measuring instruments. For easy computation and analysis, a computer software using C-sharp programming language was developed to determine the power loss and predicting machining level of refurbish-ability and tested for performance evaluation. The model and its developed software are decision support tools for any automotive industry where maintenance and management of engines for improved performance and efficiency of operation is the focus.