bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the botulinum toxin injections and endoscopic pneumocardiodilation on symptoms severity and treatment outcomes among patients with primary esophageal sphincter achalasia
Authors: Kiosov A. 
Published: November 2021

Achalasia is a disorder of esophageal motility, which is manifested by symptoms of dysphagia, belching undigested food, respiratory symptoms (night cough, recurrent aspiration and pneumonia), chest pain and weight loss.
Aim of the study. To determine the possibilities and clinical effectiveness of combined approaches in the treatment of cardiac achalasia using endoscopic pneumocardiodilation and injections of botulinum toxin type A "Dysport" at various stages of the disease.
Materials and methods. Injections of the drug botulinum toxin type A "Dysport" and balloon endoscopic pneumocardiodilation (EPCD) were used. The contents of the vial with botulinum toxin were diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride solution to obtain a solution containing 60 UA in 1 ml. In each of the four quadrants of the LES, 2 injections of 0.5 ml of the drug "Dysport" were made with a concentration of a solution of 30 UA in 0.5 ml at a distance of 1 cm from one another. The total dose was 250 units. The technique of isolated EPCD, was carried out with a Witzel balloon dilator, 40 mm in diameter, it required a thorough preoperative examination of the patient, including an assessment of the general condition, the presence and severity of body weight deficiency, water-electrolyte, protein, achlorhydric manifestations of the disease, as well as the propulsive ability of the esophagus through X-ray examination.
Results. The combined endoscopic method significantly improves the results of treatment of esophageal cardiac achalasia, having a direct impact on the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development. Given the effectiveness of treatment of esophageal cardiac achalasia by botulinum toxin injection and pneumocardiodilation, this method can be used in patients with comorbid pathology and high surgical risk as an alternative to laparoscopic Heller procedure (cardiomyotomy), especially in older patients. Unsatisfactory results of the combined endoscopic method of treatment of stage III-IV cardiac achalasia for up to 2 months are an indication for surgical treatment of this pathology.
Conclusions. Given the significant increase in knowledge about this nosology in recent years, there is a need for a comprehensive, evidence-based study of new promising treatments for patients, covering all aspects of the disease.
Sickness absence during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kobuszewski Bartosz 
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research was to perform comparative analysis of the publicly avaiable data of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) on sickness absence of insured persons in Poland in 2016-2021 (before the outbreak and during the COVID-19 pandemic).
Materials and methods. The research material consisted of data from the Social Insurance Institution for the years 2016-2021 (Q1) concerning the sickness absence of the insured. Due to the publication of data in an aggregated form, quantitative analysis was performed instead of statistical analysis. The data used in the analysis included the number of insured persons, the number of people receiving sickness benefits, the number of issued medical certificates on temporary incapacity to work and the reasons for the incapacity to work.
Results and Conclusion. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, following numbers have increased compared to 2019: the number of people receiving sickness benefit in Poland (by 10%), the number of days of sickness absence (by 7%) and the number of issued medical certificates of temporary incapacity for work (by 4%). The largest increase in the number of beneficiaries, the number of days of sickness absence and the number of medical certificates was recorded in the Q4 of 2020 (respectively by 21%, 16% and 24% compared to Q4 of 2019). Due to COVID-19, 4.84 million days of sickness absence were used in 2020 – it was the tenth cause of absence.
The largest changes in the number of people receiving sickness benefit and the number of days of sickness absence can be observed in Q1 and Q4, which may result from the seasonality of COVID-19 and the subsequent wave of infections. Importantly, COVID-19 is not the only factor contributing overall increase in the number of days of sickness absence in Poland – absence due to non-communicable diseases also increased during the pandemic.
Emission spectroscopy of NaYF4:Eu nanorods optically trapped by Fresnel lens fibers
Authors: Kumar Aashutosh , Asadollahbaik Asa , Kim Jeongmo , Lahlil Khalid , Thiele Simon , Herkommer Alois M. , Chormaic Síle Nic , Kim Jongwook , Gacoin Thierry , Giessen Harald , Fick Jochen 
Published: November 2021

NaYF

4

:
Eu

nanorods with high aspect ratios are elaborated and optically trapped using dual fiber optical tweezers in a counterpropagating geometry. High trapping efficiency is observed using converging beams, emitted from diffractive Fresnel lenses directly 3D printed onto cleaved fiber facets. Stable nanorod trapping and alignment are reported for a fiber-to-fiber distance of 200 μm and light powers down to 10 mW. Trapping of nanorod clusters containing one to three nanorods and the coupling of nanorod motion in both axial and transverse directions are considered and discussed. The europium emission is studied by polarization-resolved spectroscopy with particular emphasis on the magnetic and electric dipole transitions. The respective

σ

and

π

orientations of the different emission lines are determined. The angles with respect to the nanorod axes of the corresponding magnetic and electric dipoles are calculated. Mono-exponential emission decay with decay time of 4–5 ms is reported. It is shown that the nanorod orientation can be determined by purely spectroscopic means.
The influence of sex, gender, age, and ethnicity on psychosocial factors and substance use throughout phases of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Chankasingh Kyle , Baaske Alexandra , Albert Arianne , Booth Amy , Kaida Angela , Smith Laurie W. , Racey Sarai , Gottschlich Anna , Murray Melanie C. M. , Sadarangani Manish , Ogilvie Gina S. , Galea Liisa 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound physical and mental health effects on populations around the world. Limited empirical research has used a gender-based lens to evaluate the mental health impacts of the pandemic, overlooking the impact of public health measures on marginalized groups, such as women, and the gender diverse community. This study used a gender-based analysis to determine the prevalence of psychosocial symptoms and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use in particular) by age, ethnicity, income, rurality, education level, Indigenous status, and sexual orientation.MethodsParticipants in the study were recruited from previously established cohorts as a part of the COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Study of a Provincial Population-Based Cohort for Gender and Sex (RESPPONSE) study. Those who agreed to participate were asked to self-report symptoms of depression, anxiety, pandemic stress, loneliness, alcohol use, and cannabis use across five phases of the pandemic as well as retrospectively before the pandemic.ResultsFor all psychosocial outcomes, there was a significant effect of time with all five phases of the pandemic being associated with more symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness relative to pre-COVID levels (p <.0001). Gender was significantly associated with all outcomes (p <.0001) with men exhibiting lower scores (i.e., fewer symptoms) than women and gender diverse participants, and women exhibiting lower scores than the gender diverse group. Other significant predictors were age (younger populations experiencing more symptoms,p <.0001), ethnicity (Chinese/Taiwanese individuals experiencing fewer symptoms,p= .005), and Indigenous status (Indigenous individuals experiencing more symptoms,p< .0001). Alcohol use and cannabis use increased relative to pre-pandemic levels, and women reported a greater increase in cannabis use than men (p< .0001).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the need for policy makers and leaders to prioritize women, gender-diverse individuals, and young people when tailoring public health measures for future pandemics.
Behavioral and environmental determinants of acute diarrhea among under-five children from public health facilities of Siyadebirena Wayu district, north Shoa zone, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study
Authors: Derseh Behailu Tariku , Tafese Natnael Mulushewa , Panari Hazaratali , Bilchut Awraris Hailu , Dadi Abel Fekadu 
Published: November 2021

Background
Acute diarrhea is a major public health problem in the world. Next to pneumonia, it is the leading cause of death in children under five years old. Globally, even though childhood diarrhea disease kills millions, the interaction of socio-demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors of acute diarrhea in children aged 6–59 months is not investigated yet in the current study area.

Objective
To determine behavioral and environmental predictors of acute diarrhea among under-five children from public health facilities of Siyadebirena Wayu district, North Shoa, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2019.

Methods
A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from March 12, 2019, to May 12, 2019. A total of 315 under-five children were included in the study (105 cases and 210 controls). A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS. To analyze the data, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.

Results
The study showed that average family monthly income of 12–23 USD (AOR = 6. 22; 95% CI: 1.30, 29.64), hand washing practice of mothers/ care givers with water only (AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.16, 12.13), improper disposal of infant feces (AOR = 11.01; 95% CI: 3.37, 35.96), not treating drinking water at home (AOR = 9.36; 95% CI: 2.73, 32.08), children consuming left-over food stored at room temperature (AOR = 5.52; 95% CI: 1.60, 19.03) and poor knowledge of the respondents about the risk factors for diarrhea were the determinants that significantly associated with acute childhood diarrhea.

Conclusion
The potential predictors of childhood diarrhea morbidity were improper hand-washing practice, not treating drinking water at home, unsafe disposal of children’s feces, children consuming left-over food stored at room temperature, and having poor knowledge about the major risk factors for diarrhea. Thus, awareness of the community on hygiene and sanitation focusing on proper handling of human excreta, safe water handling, proper hand washing practice, and proper management of leftover food should be enhanced to prevent children from acute diarrhea diseases.
Comparison of pancreatic fat content measured by different methods employing MR mDixon sequence
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Yang Qiushi , Ye Hang , Li Shuo , Wang Yuzhu , Yu Wanjiang 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the reliability of different methods for measuring fat content of pancreas by MR modified Dixon(mDixon) Sequence and accurately evaluate pancreatic fat in as simple a way as possible.MethodsThis is a retrospective study, 64 patients were included in this study who underwent abdominal MR scan that contained the mDixon sequence from June 2019 to May 2020(Included 7 patients with type 2 diabetes and 4 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), they were admitted to hospital through the obesity clinic set up by endocrine department, all of them were initially diagnosed and untreated). All of the 64 patients were scanned in 3.0T MR (Philips Ingenia II) due to their condition, 10–34 slice pancreas images were obtained, which were different from each other. Three different methods of measurement were employed by two observers using Philips Intellispace Portal software: (1) All images (whole-pancreas) measurement, the whole-pancreatic fat fraction (wPFF) was calculated by software. (2) Interval slices measurement, that is half-pancreatic slices fat fraction (hPFF) measured in the same way, fat fraction obtained by the interlayer assay was calculated. (3) As usual, the fat content of pancreatic head, body and tail fat was measured respectively, and in order to improve credibility, we also measured head、 body and tail in every layer, and its average value was taken. The elapsed time of the above different measurement methods was recorded. Intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the consistency of the measured data within and between observers. T-tests and Friedman tests were applied to compare the difference ofmeasuredvalues among groups.ResultsNo matter in normal person or diabetic or IGT, hPFF has shown good stability (ICChPFF = 0.988), and there was no significant difference compared with wPFF. But the average fat percentage composition of head, body and tail were significantly different from wPFF and hPFF (P < 0.01). At the same time, compared with normal person, pancreatic fat content in IGT and diabetic patients showed progressive significance(P<0.05).ConclusionThe distribution of pancreatic fat is not uniform, the method of measuring half pancreas by interlayer data collection can reflect the fat content of the entire pancreas, this suggests that measuring 50% of the pancreas is sufficient, this method effectively saves time and effort without affecting the results, which may have a better clinical application prospect.
Ökumenische Einsichten und Herausforderungen – Überlegungen zu neueren Texten im evangelisch-katholischen Gespräch
Authors: Schad Christian 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel formuliert Überlegungen im Anschluss an das Ergebnis der Konsultation zwischen der Gemeinschaft Evangelischer Kirchen in Europa und dem Päpstlichen Rat zur Förderung der Einheit der Christen (2018) sowie an das Votum des Ökumenischen Arbeitskreises evangelischer und katholischer Theologen (2019). Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass mehr Sichtbarkeit in der Einheit und mehr Versöhnung in der Vielfalt und Verschiedenheit das Ziel der ekklesiologischen Dialoge zwischen den evangelischen Kirchen und der römisch-katholischen Kirche sein müsse.
Microglial Correlates of Late Life Physical Activity: Relationship with Synaptic and Cognitive Aging in Older Adults
Authors: Casaletto Kaitlin B. , Lindbergh Cutter A. , VandeBunte Anna , Neuhaus John , Schneider Julie A. , Buchman Aron S. , Honer William G. , Bennett David A. 
Published: November 2021

Physical activity relates to reduced dementia risk, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are unknown. We translated animal andin vitrostudies demonstrating a causal link between physical activity and microglial homeostasis into humans. Decedents from Rush Memory and Aging Project completed actigraphy monitoring (average daily activity) and cognitive evaluation in life, and neuropathological examination at autopsy. Brain tissue was analyzed for microglial activation via immunohistochemistry (anti-human HLA-DP-DQ-DR) and morphology (% Stage I, II, or III), and synaptic protein levels (SNAP-25, synaptophysin, complexin-I, VAMP, syntaxin, synaptotagmin-1). Proportion of morphologically activated microglia (PAM) was estimated in ventromedial caudate, posterior putamen, inferior temporal (IT), and middle frontal gyrus. The 167 decedents averaged 90 years at death, two-thirds were nondemented, and 60% evidenced pathologic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adjusting for age, sex, education, and motor performances, greater physical activity associated with lower PAM in the ventromedial caudate and IT. Relationships between physical activity and PAM in the ventromedial caudate or IT were particularly prominent in adults evidencing microinfarcts or AD pathology, respectively. Mediational analyses indicated that PAM IT mediated ∼30% of the relationships between (1) physical activity and synaptic protein in IT, and (2) physical activity and global cognition, in separate models. However, the size of the mediation depended on AD pathology ranging from >40% in adults with high AD burden, but <10% in adults with low AD burden. Lower microglial activation may be a pathway linking physical activity to age-related brain health in humans. Physical activity may promote AD-related synaptic and cognitive resilience through reduction of pro-inflammatory microglial states.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPhysical activity relates to better cognitive aging and reduced risk of neurodegenerative disease, yet the cellular and molecular pathways linking behavior-to-brain in humans are unknown. Animal studies indicate that increasing physical activity leads to decreased microglial activation and corresponding increases in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. We objectively monitored physical activity (accelerometer-based actigraphy) and cognitive performances in life, and quantified microglial activation and synaptic markers in brain tissue at death in older adults. These are the first data supporting microglial activation as a physiological pathway by which physical activity relates to brain heath in humans. Although more interventional work is needed, we suggest that physical activity may be a modifiable behavior leveraged to reduce pro-inflammatory microglial states in humans.
Gephyrin Interacts with the K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2 to Regulate Its Surface Expression and Function in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Al Awabdh Sana , Donneger Florian , Goutierre Marie , Séveno Martial , Vigy Oana , Weinzettl Pauline , Russeau Marion , Moutkine Imane , Lévi Sabine , Marin Philippe , Poncer Jean Christophe 
Published: November 2021

The K+-Cl–cotransporter KCC2, encoded by theSlc12a5gene, is a neuron-specific chloride extruder that tunes the strength and polarity of GABAAreceptor-mediated transmission. In addition to its canonical ion transport function, KCC2 also regulates spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic function through interaction with a variety of molecular partners. KCC2 is enriched in the vicinity of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, the activity of which in turn regulates its membrane stability and function. KCC2 interaction with the submembrane actin cytoskeleton via 4.1N is known to control its anchoring near glutamatergic synapses on dendritic spines. However, the molecular determinants of KCC2 clustering near GABAergic synapses remain unknown. Here, we used proteomics to identify novel KCC2 interacting proteins in the adult rat neocortex. We identified both known and novel candidate KCC2 partners, including some involved in neuronal development and synaptic transmission. These include gephyrin, the main scaffolding molecule at GABAergic synapses. Gephyrin interaction with endogenous KCC2 was confirmed by immunoprecipitation from rat neocortical extracts. We showed that gephyrin stabilizes plasmalemmal KCC2 and promotes its clustering in hippocampal neurons, mostly but not exclusively near GABAergic synapses, thereby controlling KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion. This study identifies gephyrin as a novel KCC2 anchoring molecule that regulates its membrane expression and function in cortical neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFast synaptic inhibition in the brain is mediated by chloride-permeable GABAAreceptors (GABAARs) and therefore relies on transmembrane chloride gradients. In neurons, these gradients are primarily maintained by the K/Cl cotransporter KCC2. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms controlling KCC2 expression and function is crucial to understand its physiological regulation and rescue its function in the pathology. KCC2 function depends on its membrane expression and clustering, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We describe the interaction between KCC2 and gephyrin, the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory synapses. We show that gephyrin controls plasmalemmal KCC2 clustering and that loss of gephyrin compromises KCC2 function. Our data suggest functional units comprising GABAARs, gephyrin, and KCC2 act to regulate synaptic GABA signaling.
Identifying Practices to Promote Inpatient Adolescent and Influenza Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Mihalek Alexandra J. , Hall Matt , Russell Christopher J. , Wu Susan ,   for the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Many hospitalized children are underimmunized. We assessed the association between hospital immunization practices and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal, human papillomavirus (HPV), and influenza vaccine delivery.

METHODS
An electronic survey regarding hospital vaccine delivery practices was distributed via the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings networks to PHIS hospitals. Number of vaccines delivered and total discharges in 2018 were obtained from the PHIS database to determine hospital vaccine delivery rates; patients 11 to 18 years old (adolescent vaccines) and 6 months to 18 years old (influenza vaccine) were included. Vaccine delivery rates were risk adjusted by using generalized linear mixed-effects modeling and compared with survey responses to determine associations between the number or presence of specific practices and vaccine delivery. Adjusted HPV and meningococcal vaccine delivery rates could not be calculated because of low delivery.

RESULTS
Twenty-nine hospitals completed a survey (57%). 152 499 and 423 046 patient encounters were included for the adolescent and influenza vaccines, respectively. Unadjusted inpatient vaccine delivery rates varied. After adjustment, the number of practices was associated only with influenza vaccine delivery (P = .02). Visual prompts (P = .02), nurse or pharmacist ordering (P = .003), and quality improvement projects (P = .048) were associated with increased influenza vaccine delivery; nurse or pharmacist ordering had the greatest impact. No practices were associated with Tdap vaccine delivery.

CONCLUSIONS
The number and presence of specific hospital practices may impact influenza vaccine delivery. Further research is needed to identify strategies to augment inpatient adolescent immunization.