bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2.1 Organic Electron Donors in Electron-Transfer Reactions
Authors: Clark K. F. , Dimitrova D. , Murphy J. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe field of organic electron donors is large and diverse, both in terms of the structures of the donors and the structures of the acceptors. In the past 15 years, organic donors have been developed that show remarkable strength, with ground-state or excited-state oxidation potentials rivalling even the most reactive metals. At the other end of the scale of reactivity, highly reactive oxidizing agents are now available upon photoactivation of a number of organic structures. The first part of this chapter reviews organic electron donors that are based upon an alkene that is activated by strongly electron-releasing substituents; these donors can be active in the ground and/or excited states. The chapter also covers anionic organic donors that emerged in the field of SRN1 and base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) reactions, as well as substrate-based anionic donors including borates and silicates. The use of photoexcited organic dyes as electron donors is described and, finally, some of the recent research with very weak organic donors is highlighted.
IPEM topical report: guidance on the use of MRI for external beam radiotherapy treatment planning
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Authors: Speight Richard , Dubec Michael , Eccles Cynthia L , George Ben , Henry Ann , Herbert Trina , Johnstone Robert I , Liney Gary P , McCallum Hazel , Schmidt Maria A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This document gives guidance for multidisciplinary teams within institutions setting up and using an MRI-guided radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning service. It has been written by a multidisciplinary working group from the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). Guidance has come from the experience of the institutions represented in the IPEM working group, in consultation with other institutions, and where appropriate references are given for any relevant legislation, other guidance documentation and information in the literature. Guidance is only given for MRI acquired for external beam RT treatment planning in a CT-based workflow, i.e. when MRI is acquired and registered to CT with the purpose of aiding delineation of target or organ at risk volumes. MRI use for treatment response assessment, MRI-only RT and other RT treatment types such as brachytherapy and gamma radiosurgery are not considered within the scope of this document. The aim was to produce guidance that will be useful for institutions who are setting up and using a dedicated MR scanner for RT (referred to as an MR-sim) and those who will have limited time on an MR scanner potentially managed outside of the RT department, often by radiology. Although not specifically covered in this document, there is an increase in the use of hybrid MRI-linac systems worldwide and brief comments are included to highlight any crossover with the early implementation of this technology. In this document, advice is given on introducing a RT workload onto a non-RT-dedicated MR scanner, as well as planning for installation of an MR scanner dedicated for RT. Next, practical guidance is given on the following, in the context of RT planning: training and education for all staff working in and around an MR scanner; RT patient set-up on an MR scanner; MRI sequence optimisation for RT purposes; commissioning and quality assurance (QA) to be performed on an MR scanner; and MRI to CT registration, including commissioning and QA.
Superconducting gap ratio from strange metal phase in the absence of quasiparticles
Authors: Cai Wenhe , Ge Xian-Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A lattice model for strongly interacting electrons motivated by a rank-3 tensor model provides a tool for understanding the pairing mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. This Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev-like model describes the strange metal phase in the cuprate high temperature superconductors. Our calculation indicates that the superconducting gap ratio in this model is higher than the ratio in the BCS theory due to the coupling term and the spin operator. Under certain conditions, the ratio also agrees with the BCS theory. Our results relate to the case of strong coupling, so it may pave the way to gaining insight into the cuprate high temperature superconductors.
Stratified Control Strategy of Vehicle Longitudinal Active Collision Avoidance
Authors: Zhang Kaimei , Liu Wenjing , Li Jiuru , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the safety and real-time performance of vehicle longitudinal active collision avoidance, a layered collision avoidance control method based on warning value, standard collision time safety model TTC and fuzzy PID is proposed in this paper. Based on the collision time safety model, the upper controller obtains the braking deceleration of the vehicle according to the relative speed and relative displacement of the obstacle in front. The lower controller is based on fuzzy PID, according to the brake deceleration speed of the upper vehicle, by controlling the pressure of the brake master cylinder of the vehicle, the control of vehicle speed is realized. Finally, using the CarSim/Simulink co-simulation platform, and taking the straight-line working condition as an example, the collision avoidance effect of the controlled vehicle under different speeds was simulated and verified. The results show that the upper controller can afford the appropriate speed of collision avoidance and deceleration according to the reference information, and the lower controller can adjust the brake deceleration speed according to the fuzzy PID, so as to realize the vehicle braking pressure, meet the requirements of longitudinal active collision avoidance.
Research on the Impact of Internet Consumer Credit on Hunan Residents’ Consumption Structure
Authors: Zhang Ying , Luo Jinjia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The escalating market demand of local residents makes the consumption a booster of the growth of China’s economy. Mainstream consumers began to choose Internet credit as their daily tool for smoothing out consumption. The consumption structure has also changed with the development of the Internet credit. In order to explore how Internet credits changes the residents’ consumption structure, this article selects the panel data of counties (districts) in Hunan Province from 2012 to 2018 for empirical research, uses the relevant indicators of Peking University Digital Inclusive Financial Index to construct Hunan Internet Consumer Credit Development Index, applies the fixed effect model (FE) and systematic GMM regression separately to analyse the impact of the Internet Consumer Credit on the consumption structure of residents, and then further compares the difference in the impact on different income levels. The results show that Internet consumer credit has promoted the upgrading of the consumption structure of residents in Hunan Province, and the improvement of the consumption structure of low-income residents is more significant.
Software and hardware co-simulation verification platform for navigation SoC
Authors: Qi Dan , Chen Mo , Zhang Shaozhen , Cheng Dan , Mu Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a software and hardware co-simulation verification platform suitable for satellite navigation SoC chips. The specific implementation scheme is described, and the final simulation results are given. Software simulation is written in c and assembly language, using a complete software compilation and debugging tool chain, hardware simulation is built based on verification methodology, SoC design code is written by verilog, and the software and hardware are coordinated through the VCS compiler to achieve information interaction, and then a universal simulation platform with fast speed, high authenticity and convenient debugging is realized. The simulation results show that the navigation SoC chip functions correctly.
Teaching Cases Analysis of Integration of Electromechanical Control of Linkage Mechanism
Authors: He Chaoming , Luo Yalin , Liu Guangshuai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the teaching design of electromechanics integration for mechanism, three designs (machinery, motor and control) work in parallel. Before the mechanical team completes the design, the motor and control team needs to obtain information about the machinery in advance. The integrated teaching of the three elements of machinery, motor and control of the planar linkage mechanism is discussed in this article, creating an enhanced environment for electromechanics integration in teaching mechanism combining the virtual simulation and physical production, integrating the five aspects of design, simulation, control, manufacturing and testing, therefore establishing an innovation model of mechanical principles of research and exploratory type teaching, problem-oriented learning-type teaching.
Analysis on Theory of MIMO and Research on Channel Capacity of MIMO System
Authors: Wu Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
By 2023, the average rate of global mobile network will increase to 44Mbps, 5G mobile communication network rate will reach 575Mbps [1]. Compared with 4G mobile communication, 5G mobile communication can support higher quality, higher transmission rate, higher user density and higher mobility performance, as well as lower delay and lower energy consumption scenarios [2]. With the advent of large-scale commercialization of 5G technology, the improvement of transmission performance can meet the growing communication needs of people well, and multiple antenna system (MIMO) has certain superiority in improving channel capacity. This article is aimed at introducing the working principle of MIMO system and the improvement of transmission performance brought by the technologies adopted. Furthermore, the proof of improvement of channel capacity brought by MIMO will be given. A channel model of MIMO communication system will be established through MATLAB, generating channel matrices randomly according to Gaussian distribution and then getting channel capacity by means of calculating the average value of multiple groups of data. The result shows that the channel capacity could improve greatly with the increase of the number of antennas under the condition of the same signal noise ratio (SNR), reaching the conclusion that MIMO system can effectively improve channel capacity.
A Framework for Low-cost Fusion Positioning with Single Frequency RTK/MEMS-IMU/VIO
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Deng , Shi Junjiong , Li Anran , Jiang Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In response to the demand for high-precision positioning in the consumer market for low-speed UAVs, this paper proposes an ultra-low-cost fusion positioning system architecture, selecting consumer-grade GNSS Ublox M8T, IMU MPU 9250 modules and binocular cameras as the main equipment. We fused raw data measured from multi-sensors by expansion Kalman filter(EKF), and tested the fusion positioning performance of MEMS-IMU and VIO through simulation interruption experiment. The experimental results show that the ultra-low-cost single-frequency RTK/VIO/MEMS-IMU multi-sensor fusion positioning system can provide high-precision, reliable, continuous and smooth positioning results.
Design and implementation of HPLC Communication module in Smart Grid
Authors: Luo Dan , Xiao Deyong , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Xiaohui , Tang Xiaoke , Zheng LI 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In allusion to the problems of lower speed, weak anti-interference ability based on narrow band PLC (Power Line Communications) technology, a kind of HPLC (High-speed Power Line Communications) module used in ubiquitous power intelligent electricity acquisition system is designed. The HPLC module takings the SOC chip SC3105 as the master control chip transmit user datum between a concentrator and meters in high speed. Using abundant interrupts and timers, the system software fast processes accurate service messages and network management messages. The memory management mechanism of the system software recovers memory fragments and improves the use efficiency of memory, so as to keeping system stable. The test results show the module has over 1Mbps communication speed, 100% reading meter success rate, shorter reading meter time, and excellent communication performance in city power grids and village power grids, which solves the problems of narrow band PLC technology.
A blind classification method of adaptive coding and modulation signals based on cumulants
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Lei Jing , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a blind modulation classification method for adaptive coding and modulation signals base on the difference in high-order cumulants of different modulation types. Use high-order cumulants to establish features to design modulation classification algorithm and decision thresholds. Because of the time-varying characteristics of adaptive coding and modulation signals, the segmentation classification method is used to realize the modulation classification of each frame in the time dimension. Finally, the designed algorithm is simulated, and the classification performance of the algorithm under different modulation types, segment lengths and signal-to-noise ratios is analyzed.
Structure Design of Convolutional Neural Network Based on Residual Theory for Face Recognition
Authors: Chenchen Zhang , Hong Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Compared with the traditional face recognition methods, the deep convolution neural network model does not need to manually design complex and time-consuming feature extraction algorithms, but only needs to design an effective neural network model, and then carry out end-to-end, simple and efficient training on a large number of training samples, so as to obtain better classification accuracy. In this paper, based on the original VGG network model, combined with Residual theory, a deep-level residual convolutional neural network structure is designed and implemented, which not only reduces the computing power requirements of hardware computers, but also achieves better recognition results.
Image Fusion of PMMW and Optical Images for Concealed Object Detection
Authors: Zhang Lu , Pang Lei , Miao Jungang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses a method of concealed objects detection by passive millimeter wave (PMMW) images, and on this basis, the fusion techniques of passive millimeter-wave images and optical images is discussed. According to PMMW real-time imager acquired image characteristics and storage methods, firstly, using correlation coefficient method to screen sequence images and the selected images are optimized using wavelet fusion algorithm. Secondly, the concealed objects are detected by Gaussian filter, threshold segmentation and edge detection. Finally, based on YIQ transform, discrete wavelet transform and a fusion rule, the optical image and the extracted concealed object contour are merged. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be effectively applied to human body concealed object detection in millimeter wave video and fuse two different types of images in a fully automated way.
Impact of the Half Space on High Resolution Range Profile
Authors: He Zhenyu , Xie Yongjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High resolution range profile (HRRP) which contains the characteristics of the scattering centers of the target, has an important application in the field of radar automatic target recognition. Based on the formation principle of HRRP, this paper analyzes the scattering mechanism of targets in half space and the influence of half space environment on HRRP. The half space HRRP of the same object in different viewing angles and relative dielectric constant is obtained by simulation, and it is compared with the HRRP in free space to further verify the correctness of the analysis. The analysis results have certain significance for processing half space HRRPs and half space target recognition.
Voltage Sensitivity of Tag Antennas for Inductively Coupled RFID Systems
Authors: Jin Cheng , Zhu Jixuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a parameter of voltage sensitivity to recognize the performance differences of tag antennas for inductively coupled RFID systems. Based on the equivalent circuit model of the RFID tag and reader, an expression for the voltage sensitivity is educed. Then, the design steps of measuring platform to obtain the voltage sensitivity of tag antenna are introduced in detail. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified with the market available tag antennas through the measuring platform.
A Design of Monitoring System for Low-Voltage Distribution Station
Authors: Ju Gaofeng , Xu Peng , Zhou Min , Zhang LingLing , Fan XiaoLong , Yang Yongjie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the low-voltage distribution station’s stability and safety, a monitoring system for this station based on the STM32 microprocessor is designed. The system can collect data on the environmental and switch status of multiple power distribution stations in the partial area through NB-loT Technology, then report it to the cloud platform server in the form of CoAP protocol with XTEA encryption algorithm. The cloud platform server transmits the data to the monitoring platform, categorizes and stores the node data. After on-site installation and deployment, the self-designed plug device can reduce the complexity of the plug-in. The system possesses the characteristics of instantaneity, automatic networking and high security, which can meet the industrial requirements well.
EEG signal representation of basic geometric bodies
Authors: Zhen-wei Wang , Hong-sheng Shi , Peng Cheng , Hong Chen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the field of intelligent design, much attention is paid to the generation of design knowledge and experience. Today, EEG signal is a direct method to explore the design idea and brain consciousness. The purpose of this paper is to establish a basic geometric representation pattern of EEG signals. Firstly, the basic geometry representation of EEG signal is given, EEG signal is collected and the preprocessing method of EEG signal is proposed. Then, the feature extraction and recognition method of EEG signal is described, and the recognition rate is improved by feature decision fusion. Finally, the correctness of the representation pattern is verified by experiments.
Harmonic control system of smart meter based on ZigBee
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Hu Kefan , Zhang Jiaming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Under the background that the country vigorously advocates the development of smart grids, the first step is to develop smart meters. In order to achieve smart grid harmonic pollution control to compensate for non-function rate and reduce energy consumption, while monitoring power quality in real time, this paper proposes a ZigBee-based Communication protocol, using ADE7878 energy measurement embedded into STM32 unit to use the CC2430 of the meter node and Ethernet to transmit data and perform power quality analysis. The analysis results are combined with harmonic suppression algorithms to control the power quality controller to achieve power harmonics Governance. Supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Research Funds for the Central”: 201910497134
A channel estimation method for wireless communication in HPLC&RF dual mode system
Authors: Zhang Chunling , Wang Dan , Wang Wenhua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With application of high-speed power line carrier communication (HPLC), some problems are emerging such as network outliers, low success rate of power outage reporting and short single hop communication distance. Wireless communication (RF) can effectively solve these problems and thus become an effective complement to HPLC. For OFDM based wireless communication in HPLC&RF dual mode system, a channel estimation method is proposed. Compared with LTF-based and pilot-based channel estimation methods applicable to cases with few and multiple physical layer load symbols respectively, the proposed method can be applied in all cases. When the number of symbols is small, it outperforms pilot-based method by 2~3 dB and is still better than LTF-based method. When the number of symbols is large, it outperforms LTF-based method by 2~5 dB and still better than pilot-based method.
A modified estimation method of GLONASS inter-frequency bias for RTK based on short baseline
Authors: Lu Yi , Xiao Zhibin , Ni Shaojie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Different from other satellite systems, GLONASS adopts frequency-division multiple access (FCMA) technology to distinguish satellites, which directly leads to frequency deviation during signal receiving. Additionally, carrier phase inter-frequency bias (IFB) between different types of receivers are usually not zero, hindering the ambiguity resolution and thus limits the positioning accuracy. To solve this problem, a new estimating method of GLONASS ambiguity is proposed in this paper. According to the variation range of frequency deviation rate, the influence of phase IFB on ambiguity was removed by using searching method and quadratic linear model, thus reducing phase IFB estimating problem to an optimizing one. Feasibility of the method was verified using zero baseline data. Results show that the method can guarantee the reliability of RTK solution effectively.
A Survey on Geographic location routing and forwarding strategies of VANET and WSN based on NDN
Authors: Hou Saifeng , Hu Yuxiang , Tian Le 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Named-data Network (NDN) is a new network architecture, and its purpose is to achieve network architecture from the host-centric to the data-centric. NDN uses the data name of the application to communicate directly. Since the data name is defined by the application and unrelated to the connection, it relieves the need for IP address configuration, so as long as the physical connection exists, data exchange can occur. The NDN-based forwarding mechanism is very important for effective communication in Vechicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Location-based routing and forwarding utilizes the location information of neighboring nodes or destination nodes to improve the efficiency of routing search. The paper mainly discusses the geographical routing and forwarding strategies of NDN-based VANET and WSN and the existing problems, and proposes future challenges for NDN routing and forwarding.
Design of spike voltage generation system for tank gun ammunition setting test
Authors: Huang Hu , Li Haojie , Zhang Xuhuan , Feng Yue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to test the voltage spike interference of the tank gun ammunition setter, a spike voltage generation system is designed in this paper. The system adopts rectifier filter and series voltage stabilizing circuit, combined with single chip microcomputer control circuit, and converts 220V, 50HZ alternating current into spike voltage through post-stage RLC series circuit, and studies the influence of post-stage circuit inductance value on spike voltage rise time. Theoretical calculations and simulations verify that the system can generate spike voltages that comply with GJB298-87, which is of great significance to the test of voltage spike interference of tank artillery ammunition mounters and other military vehicle electronic equipment.