bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High real-time reporting of domestic and wild animal diseases following rollout of mobile phone reporting system in Kenya
Authors: Njenga M. Kariuki , Kemunto Naomi , Kahariri Samuel , Holmstrom Lindsey , Oyas Harry , Biggers Keith , Riddle Austin , Gachohi John , Muturi Mathew , Mwatondo Athman , Gakuya Francis , Lekolool Isaac , Sitawa Rinah , Apamaku Michael , Osoro Eric , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Munyua Peninah 
Published: September 2021

Background
To improve early detection of emerging infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), many of them zoonotic, numerous electronic animal disease-reporting systems have been piloted but not implemented because of cost, lack of user friendliness, and data insecurity. In Kenya, we developed and rolled out an open-source mobile phone-based domestic and wild animal disease reporting system and collected data over two years to investigate its robustness and ability to track disease trends.

Methods
The Kenya Animal Biosurveillance System (KABS) application was built on the Java® platform, freely downloadable for android compatible mobile phones, and supported by web-based account management, form editing and data monitoring. The application was integrated into the surveillance systems of Kenya’s domestic and wild animal sectors by adopting their existing data collection tools, and targeting disease syndromes prioritized by national, regional and international animal and human health agencies. Smartphone-owning government and private domestic and wild animal health officers were recruited and trained on the application, and reports received and analyzed by Kenya Directorate of Veterinary Services. The KABS application performed automatic basic analyses (frequencies, spatial distribution), which were immediately relayed to reporting officers as feedback.

Results
Of 697 trained domestic animal officers, 662 (95%) downloaded the application, and >72% of them started reporting using the application within three months. Introduction of the application resulted in 2- to 14-fold increase in number of disease reports when compared to the previous year (relative risk = 14, CI 13.8–14.2, p<0.001), and reports were more widely distributed. Among domestic animals, food animals (cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and chicken) accounted for >90% of the reports, with respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin diseases constituting >85% of the reports. Herbivore wildlife (zebra, buffalo, elephant, giraffe, antelopes) accounted for >60% of the wildlife disease reports, followed by carnivores (lions, cheetah, hyenas, jackals, and wild dogs). Deaths, traumatic injuries, and skin diseases were most reported in wildlife.

Conclusions
This open-source system was user friendly and secure, ideal for rolling out in other countries in SSA to improve disease reporting and enhance preparedness for epidemics of zoonotic diseases.
Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous herniorrhaphy as an alternative to open surgery technique in farm swines
Authors: Prządka Przemysław , Liszka Bartłomiej , Antończyk Agnieszka , Skrzypczak Piotr , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław , Patkowski Dariusz 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDespite numerous experimental studies presenting laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in a pig model so far no described technique has been used in clinical patients of this species. Minimal invasiveness and the simplicity of closure of the inguinal canal using the Percutaneous Internal Ring Suturing (PIRS) technique makes it the world’s first technique for laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients.AimThis study aims to assess the applicability and effectiveness of the laparoscopic PIRS technique in the treatment of inguinal hernia in pigs as clinical patients and to compare the PIRS technique with the open surgery technique, which is currently being used.MethodsThe study was conducted on 22 non-castrated male pigs with inguinal hernia (clinical patients), divided into two equal groups: PIRS and open surgery (OS). In the PIRS group, the inner inguinal ring was closed with an optical trocar inserted at the umbilicus level and an injection needle with a suture material inserted percutaneously over the inguinal canal. The suture material was threaded through the inner inguinal ring and then tied, leaving the knot under the skin. As a result to this the inguinal canal was closed. In the OS group the procedure was performed with open access above the inguinal canal where, after dissection of the vaginal processus and reducing the contents of the hernia to the abdominal cavity, it was ligated as close to the inguinal canal as possible, and the wound was then closed in layers.ResultsAll operated pigs returned to full fitness immediately after recovery from anesthesia. There was one case of hernia recurrence in the PIRS group. In the OS group all the operated pigs had a temporary swelling of the postoperative wound and the scrotum on the side of the operated inguinal hernia, which was not found in the PIRS group.ConclusionsThe effectiveness of the PIRS technique is comparable to that of open surgery. Considering the simplicity of the PIRS procedure and its minimal invasiveness, this technique may be used as an alternative to the open technique in the treatment of inguinal hernias in pigs not subjected to surgical castration.
COVID-19 prevalence, symptoms, and sociodemographic disparities in infection among insured pregnant women in Northern California
Authors: Ames Jennifer L. , Ferrara Assiamira , Avalos Lyndsay A. , Badon Sylvia E. , Greenberg Mara B. , Hedderson Monique M. , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Qian Yinge , Young-Wolff Kelly C. , Zerbo Ousseny , Zhu Yeyi , Croen Lisa A. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundResearch on COVID-19 during pregnancy has mainly focused on women hospitalized for COVID-19 or other reasons during their pregnancy. Little is known about COVID-19 in the general population of pregnant women.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of COVID-19, symptoms, consequent healthcare use, and possible sources of COVID-19 exposure among a population-based sample of pregnant women residing in Northern California.MethodsWe analyzed data from 19,458 members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who were pregnant between January 2020 and April 2021 and responded to an online survey about COVID-19 testing, diagnosis, symptoms, and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical diagnosis of COVID-19 during pregnancy was defined separately by self-report and by documentation in electronic health records (EHR). We examined relationships of COVID-19 with sociodemographic factors, underlying comorbidities, and survey measures of COVID-19-like symptoms, consequent healthcare utilization, and possible COVID-19 exposures.ResultsAmong 19,458 respondents, the crude prevalence of COVID-19 was 2.5% (n = 494) according to self-report and 1.4% (n = 276) according to EHR. After adjustment, the prevalence of self-reported COVID-19 was higher among women aged <25 years compared with women aged ≥35 years (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.75, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.49) and among Hispanic women compared with White women (PR, 1.91, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.37). Prevalence of self-reported COVID-19 was higher among women affected by personal or partner job loss during the pandemic (PR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) and among women living in areas of high vs. low neighborhood deprivation (PR, 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.27). We did not observe differences in self-reported COVID-19 between women with and without underlying comorbidities. Results were similar for EHR-documented COVID-19. Loss of smell or taste was a unique and common symptom reported among women with COVID-19 (42.3% in self-reported; 54.0% in EHR-documented). Among women with symptomatic COVID-19, approximately 2% were hospitalized, 71% had a telehealth visit, and 75% quarantined at home. Over a third of women with COVID-19 reported no known exposure to someone with COVID-19.ConclusionsObserved COVID-19 prevalence differences by sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors underscore social and health inequities among reproductive-aged women. Women with COVID-19 reported unique symptoms and low frequency of hospitalization. Many were not aware of an exposure to someone with COVID-19.
Prevalence and correlates of voluntary medical male circumcision adverse events among adult males in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mutanekelwa Imukusi , Siziya Seter , Daka Victor , Kabelenga Elijah , Mfune Ruth L. , Chileshe Misheck , Mulenga David , Nyirenda Herbert Tato , Nyirenda Christopher , Mudenda Steward , Mukanga Bright , Bowa Kasonde 
Published: September 2021

Background
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is a key intervention in HIV/AIDS. Improving VMMC program uptake in Zambia requires careful monitoring of adverse events (AE) to inform program quality and safety. We investigate the prevalence of VMMC AE and their associated factors among adult males in Ndola, Copperbelt Province, Zambia.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study using secondary clinical data collected in 2015 using two validated World Health Organisation/Ministry of Health reporting forms. We reviewed demographics and VMMC surgical details from 391 randomly sampled adult males aged ≥18 years at Ndola Teaching Hospital, a specialised VMMC fixed site in Zambia. Non-parametric tests (Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square depending on assumptions being met) and logistic regression were conducted to determine the relationships between associated factors and VMMC AE.

Results
The overall VMMC AE prevalence was 3.1% (95% CI 1.60%– 5.30%) and most AEs occurred postoperatively. In decreasing order, the commonly reported VMMC AE included; bleeding (47.1%), swelling (29.4%), haematoma (17.6%), and delayed wound healing (5.9%). There was an inversely proportional relationship between VMMC volume (as measured by the number of surgeries conducted per VMMC provider) and AEs. Compared to the highest VMMC volume of 63.2% (247/391) as reference, as VMMC volume reduced to 35.0% (137/391) and then 1.8% (7/391), the likelihood of AEs increased by five times (aOR 5.08; 95% CI 1.33–19.49; p = 0.018) and then sixteen times (aOR 16.13; 95% CI 1.42–183.30; p = 0.025) respectively.

Conclusions
Our study found a low prevalence of VMMC AEs in Ndola city, Copperbelt Province of Zambia guaranteeing the safety of the VMMC program. We recommend more surgically proficient staff to continue rendering this service. There is a need to explore other high priority national/regional areas of VMMC program safety/quality, such as adherence to follow-up visits.
Autonomic, endocrine, and psychological stress responses to different forms of blood draw
Authors: Lorenz Tierney K. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAlthough fingerstick is often favorably compared to venipuncture as a less invasive method of drawing blood for clinical labs, there is little empirical research that compares physical and psychological stress responses to fingerstick vs. venipuncture (blood draw using a needle in the arm) within the same person.Methods and findingsWe assessed changes in cortisol (a stress hormone), heart rate variability (a marker of autonomic stress), and psychological stress in 40 healthy women who completed both venipuncture and fingerstick. Contrary to our predictions, there was a significant decline in cortisol across conditions, with greater decline from pre- to post-draw in response to venipuncture than fingerstick. There were similar patterns of rise and fall in heart rate variability in both types of blood draw, suggestive of mild vasovagal responses. Psychological measures of stress (such as negative emotion and perceived stress) were generally stronger predictors of participant’s reported pain and blood draw preferences than physical stress measures.ConclusionsThese findings challenge the characterization of fingerstick as necessarily “less invasive” than venipuncture, as participant’s stress responses to fingerstick were equivalent to (and for some measures greater than) their response to venipuncture. Heart rate variability response to fingerstick significantly predicted that individual’s vasovagal-like responses to venipuncture, suggesting that measuring heart rate variability during pre-donation hemoglobin testing may identify donors at risk for adverse events during venipuncture.
Condições sensíveis à Atenção Primária
Authors: Lima Cavaletti Ana Carolina , Caldas Célia Pereira 
Published: September 2021

Este ensaio crítico foi delineado tendo como objetivo discutir o protagonismo da Atenção Primária à Saúde – APS para a prevenção de internações de pessoas idosas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária. Inicialmente é abordado o conceito de internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária – CSAP e fatores associados a tais internações. A seguir, a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família – ESF como medida para redução de iniquidades em saúde e a rede de atenção à saúde da pessoa idosa são discutidas. Por fim, uma reflexão sobre os desafios para a expansão da APS no país é apresentada. Como conclusão, ressalta-se que para que seu protagonismo seja real é necessário que a APS seja expandida para todo território nacional e, executada pela ESF, cumpra seu papel na redução de iniquidades em saúde. Portanto, o fortalecimento da APS é um caminho que precisa ser seguido para corresponder às expectativas dos usuários e gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS.
Reconocimiento y evaluación de posibles geositios asociados a dolinas en el departamento de Malargüe Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Cortez Taillant Valeria Sofia , Arroqui Langer Agustín 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar y valorar sitios de interés geológico planteando rutas turísticas asociadas a geoformas kársticas (dolinas) para luego proponerlas en el proyecto Global Geosites de la Unión Internacional de Ciencias Geológicas (IUGS) como posibles geositios. Recomendar futuros estudios en la temática exokárstica ya que la información es muy escasa y esto contribuiría a un mejor desarrollo turístico del departamento Malargüe.
Metodología: La metodología aquí aplicada se abordó a partir del estudio de las geoformas kársticas mediante un exhaustivo trabajo de interpretación de imágenes satelitales y posterior control de campaña. Además, se desarrolla una valoración sobre la base de trabajos previos (Panizza y Piacente 1993, Reynard et al., 2007, Pereira et al., 2007, Zouros 2007, Coratza, P., et al., 2012) y se basa en tres conjuntos de valores (Valor Científico, Valor Adicional y Valor de Uso).
Resultados: La dolina N°6 (Laguna de la Niña Encantada) es la que obtuvo mayor puntuación total siendo casi perfecta; con valoraciones máximas en casi todos los criterios.
Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos a partir de la valoración sugiere que el primer recorrido propuesto, ubicado al norte del área de estudio, comprendido por las dolinas 1 a 7, es el más propicio para la determinación de geositios. La valoración más alta de este recorrido fue de 9 puntos, Laguna de la Niña Encantada, siendo casi perfecto en todos los criterios de clasificación.
Financiamiento: Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional de San Juan.
In sacco nutrient degradability of silage containing intact and defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae
Authors: Mulianda R. , Sofyan A. , Herdian H. , Laconi E.B. , Ridla M. , Wardani W. W. , Jayanegara A. 
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the in sacco nutrient degradability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing intact and defatted black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. The study evaluated four dietary treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of control TMR silage without BSF larvae (R1), 20% intact BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R2), 20% chemically defatted BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R3), and 20% mechanically defatted BSF larvae + 80% TMR silage (R4). Samples were placed in polyester bags and incubated in the rumen in sacco up to 72 h. Nutrient degradability was evaluated for each time point interval. Results revealed that the lowest dry matter degradability (DMD) was found in R1 compared to all treatments (p < 0.05), while the highest DMD was found in R2 (p < 0.05). The highest organic matter degradability was found in R2 compared to R1, R3 and R4 (p < 0.05). Addition of BSF larvae to TMR silage increased the crude protein degradability (p < 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of both intact and defatted BSF larvae into TMR silage did not have any adverse effects on nutrient profiles and showed a good nutrient degradation values in the rumen.
Business strategy of salted egg agro-industry to achieve sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Sumekar W. , Al-Baarri A. N. , Setiadi A. 
Published: September 2021

Business strategy is an effort to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in an agro-industry. The research objective on salted egg agro-industrial center is to identify a model for business development. The advantages of salted duck eggs have been recognized by people in south east asian countries and east asian countries. This observational research was conducted on 105 salted egg agro-industries in Brebes Regency. Data on 22 variables of quantitative strategic planning were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. Strategy formulation framework method was applied to determine specific alternative strategies to reach sustainable competitive advantage The results showed that the salted egg agro-industry were not supported by the availability of duck eggs and upstream industry (50.58%) although most consumers were fond of salted egg due to its taste (52.38%), texture (58.10%), and price (71,43%). The salted egg agro-industry was in the aggressive position. The best strategy concept for business policy development was market penetration The market penetration strategy was chosen, namely increasing promotion and sales volume. Market penetration strategy is suggested to be the mod-el for empowering salted egg agro-industry and agro-industrial commodities in general so that the activ-ity of duck farming and upstream industry can be leveraged.
Pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2: diagnosis and treatment in outpatient settings
Authors: Melnyk V. P. , Panasiuk O. V. , Sadomova-Andrianova H. V. , Antoniuk I. V. , Sliusarchuk I. O. , Solonynka H. Ya. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was identifying the features of infection in the site, clinical course of the disease, amount and frequency of patient examinations, family doctor communications and treatment of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-Cov2.
Materials and methods. We examined 23 families of 2–6 members (a total of 78), among them 41 patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia. The amount of patient examination (PCR, plain X-ray and CT of the thoracic cavity, coagulogram, blood oxygen saturation) and treatment extent (antibacterial, anticoagulant and oxygen therapy) were considered.
Results. The contagiousness of the disease in the families of patients was from 33 % to 100%. The thoracic CT overuse: 73.3 % repeated, 33.0 % triple. Family doctors monitored the treatment only in 14.6 % of cases. The antibacterial therapy administration was 2 times more often than necessary; the treatment was changed by patients themselves or their acquaintances. A hospitalization was offered to patients with a decreased blood oxygen saturation of 92 % and below (29.3 %), and only 2 patients agreed to it. In a lack of treatment efficacy, the patients used respiratory fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), meropenem, linezolid, amikacin, which are among the main drugs for the treatment of resistant tuberculosis. Extensive misuse of antibacterial drugs unnecessarily will result in an alarming increase in antibiotic-resistant infections after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions. Pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 is a highly contagious disease in a family cluster (33–100 %). Routine administration of antibacterial drugs (especially levofloxacin, moxifloxanemine, meropenem, linezolid, amikacin) for patients with suspected SARS-COV-2 pneumonia by thoracic CT or PCR-confirmed without proven need is not only unnecessary, but even dangerous due to the potential increase in resistance to these drugs, which are the primary in the treatment of resistant tuberculosis. The anamnesis of the disease, oxyhemometry and coagulogram are of great importance when examining a patient with this pathology.
Exercise tolerance in school-age children with hypertension based on body weight
Authors: Marushko Yu. V. , Kostynska N. H. , Hyshchak T. V. 
Published: September 2021

Hypertension and obesity are important problems among adolescents. In clinical practice, these diseases are often combined and worsen the quality of life, so the study on indicators of tolerance to exercise is of great scientific and practical importance.
The aim. To determine the state of tolerance to physical activity among school-age children with stable hypertension depending on body weight.
Materials and methods. The study involved 95 children aged from 9 to 18 years who were divided into four groups: the first – 18 patients with normal blood pressure and body weight; the second – 39 with stable hypertension and normal body weight; the third – 20 with normal blood pressure and obesity; the fourth – 18 children with stable hypertension and obesity. Exercise tolerance was examined during cycling ergometry according to the PWC 170 protocol; the maximum myocardial oxygen uptake index – VO2peak (the “gold standard” for determining tolerance) was evaluated.
Results. According to the study results, among children with a combination of primary hypertension and obesity, the clinical picture of the condition is characterized by significantly more frequent complaints of dizziness, heart pain, headache and loss of consciousness. The total score of complaints was 5.8 ± 1.9 points in the combined pathology of primary hypertension and obesity group, which is significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that among children with primary hypertension or obesity. In primary hypertension and obesity, there is a decrease in VO2peak, which is most pronounced in the combination of these conditions (up to 26.4 ± 6.7 ml/min/kg among boys and up to 22.7 ± 3.6 ml/min/kg among girls) indicating a significant decrease in exercise tolerance.
Conclusions. It has been proven that the combined pathology of primary arterial hypertension and obesity among adolescents greatly worsens the clinical condition of children and significantly reduces exercise tolerance more pronounced than in primary arterial hypertension or obesity.