bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-dose HPV Vaccination Efficacy Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya (the KEN SHE Study): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barnabas Ruanne , Brown Elizabeth , Onono Maricianah , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Njoroge Betty W. , Winer Rachel L. , Donnell Deborah , Galloway Denise , Cherne Stephen L. , Heller Kate B. , Leingang Hannah , Morrison Susan A. , Rechkina Elena A. , McClelland R. Scott , Baeten Jared M. , Celum Connie , Mugo Nelly R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer among women in Kenya and many sub-Saharan African countries. High coverage of HPV vaccination is a World Health Organization priority to eliminate cervical cancer globally, but vaccine supply and logistics limits widespread implementation of the current two or three dose HPV vaccine schedule. Methods: We are conducting an individual randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a single dose of the bivalent (HPV 16/18) or nonavalent (HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) HPV vaccine prevents persistent HPV infection, a surrogate marker for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of immediate, single-dose bivalent or nonavalent vaccination with delayed HPV vaccination. Kenyan women age 15-20 years old are randomized to immediate bivalent HPV and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 1), immediate nonavalent HPV vaccine and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 2), or immediate meningococcal vaccine and delayed HPV vaccine (group 3) with 36 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is persistent vaccine-type HPV infection by month 18 and by month 36 for the final durability outcome. The secondary objectives include to: 1) evaluate non-inferiority of antibody titers among girls and adolescents (age 9 to 14 years) from another Tanzanian study, the DoRIS Study (NCT02834637), compared to KEN SHE Study participants; 2) assess the memory B cell immune response at months 36 and 37; and 3) estimate cost-effectiveness using the trial results and health economic models. Discussion: This study will evaluate single-dose HPV vaccine efficacy in Africa and has the potential to guide public health policy and increase HPV vaccine coverage. The secondary aims will assess generalizability of the trial results by evaluating immunobridging from younger ages, durability of the immune response, and the long-term health benefits and cost of single-dose HPV vaccine delivery. Trial registration: NCT03675256
Ecological Niche Differentiation Among Six Annual Lythrum Species in Mediterranean Temporary Pools
Authors: Gazaix Antoine , GRILLAS Patrick , PAPUGA Guillaume , FONTES Hugo , Sabatier Florent , PONS Virginie , GAUTHIER Perrine , THOMPSON John D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The ecological niche defines the favorable range of a species in a multidimensional space of ecological factors that determine the presence and function of individuals. This fundamental concept in ecology is widely used to understand plant species coexistence and segregation. In this study we test for ecological differentiation among six annual Lythrum species that are characteristic of temporary pools in the South of France, where they either coexist or occur separately. We first analysed the co-occurrence of species at two different geographical scales: cluster analyses of species presence in 10 km grid cells and coexistence in 0.25m2 quadrats within populations of each species. Second, for three to nine populations of each species, we quantified a range of biotic and abiotic parameters using point contacts and soil measurements in three 0.25m2 quadrats per population. We performed PCA on all variables, and analysed each variable separately to compare the ecological niche features of the six species. A phenological index was assessed for the plant community of each site. We detected highly localised niche differentiation in terms of soil pH (all species) and for a range of variables among pairs of species. The six species also showed marked differences in flowering period relative to the mean and variability of flowering time in their local community. These fine-scaled niche differences are associated with phylogenetic distances among species and may contribute to species’ coexistence. These results are integrated in a conservation management plan for the habitat of the rarest species in this group.
Hybrid Architecture for Brain Abnormality Detection on brain MR Scans via FastAI
Authors: Dixit Asmita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With lot happening in the field of Deep Learning, classification of brain tumor is still a matter of concern. Brain tumor segmentation and classification using MRI scans has achieved lot of interest in the area of medical imaging. The emphasis still lies on developing automatic computer-aided system for early predictions and diagnosis. MRI of brain Tumors not only varies in shape but sometimes gives less contrasted details also. In this paper, we present a FastAI based Transfer Learning tumor classification in which pre-trained model with segmented features classifies tumor based on its learning. The proposed model with the technique of Deep learning applies ResNet152 as base model to extract features from the MRI brain images. With certain changes in the last 3 layers of ResNet152, 97% accuracy in Dataset-253, 96% accuracy in Dataset-205 is achieved. Models such as Resnet50, VGG16, ResNet34 and Basic CNN is also evaluated. The model improved from ResNet152 has provided improved results. The observations suggest that usage of Transfer Learning is effective when the Dataset is limited. The prepared model is effective and can be collaborated in computer-aided brain MR images Tumor classification.
The CRZ-1 Transcription Factor Regulates Hsp 80 Involves in the Acquisition of Thermotolerance, and NCA-2 for Calcium Stress Tolerance in Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Roy Avishek , Tamuli Ranjan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones and required for survival of organisms under heat stress conditions. In this study, we studied Hsp80, a member of the Hsp90 family, in Neurospora crassa. The expression of hsp80 was severely reduced in the N. crassa calcineurin B subunit RIP-mutant (cnb-1RIP) strains under the heat shock conditions. Furthermore, the expression levels of cnb-1, hsp60, hsp80, and the calcineurin-regulated transcription factor crz-1 were increased, but expression levels were reduced in the presence of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 under the heat shock stress in the N. crassa wild type. Therefore, the calcineurin-crz-1 signaling pathway transcriptionally regulates hsp60 and hsp80 under the heat shock stress condition in N. crassa. In addition, the transcript levels of trm-9 and nca-2, a Ca2+ sensor and a Ca2+ ATPase, respectively, were increased under the heat shock stress condition. Moreover, the expression of the hsp80, but not the hsp60, was reduced in the Δtrm-9, Δnca-2, and the Δtrm-9 Δnca-2 double mutants. These results suggested that hsp80, trm-9, and nca-2 play a role in coping the heat shock stress in N. crassa. We found that CRZ-1 binds to 5ʹ-CCTTCACA-3ʹ and 5ʹ-AGCGGAGC-3ʹ 8 bp nucleotide sequences, located about 1075 bp and 679 bp upstream of the ATG start codon, respectively, of hsp80. We also found that CRZ-1 binds to an 8 bp nucleotide sequence 5ʹ-ACCGCGCC-3ʹ, located 234 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of nca-2 under Ca2+ stress condition. Thus, cnb-1, hsp60, hsp80, and crz-1 are involved in the heat shock stress response in N. crassa. Moreover, CRZ-1 upregulates the expressions of hsp80 and nca-2 under the heat shock stress and Ca2+ stress conditions, respectively, in N. crassa.
NADPH oxidase: A Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Kumar Simhadri Praveen , Phanithi Prakash Babu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30 day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study changes in overall hippocampal neuronal density. Further, expression of NOX2 and NeuN (a neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1, dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
Mechanism of Cellular Formation and In Vivo Seeding Effects of Hexameric β-amyloid Assemblies
Authors: Vrancx Céline , Vadukul Devkee M , Suelves Nuria , Contino Sabrina , D'Auria Ludovic , Perrin Florian , Pesch Vincent van , Hanseeuw Bernard , Quinton Loïc , Kienlen-Campard Pascal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is the main constituent of senile plaques, a typical hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Monomeric Aβ is generated through sequential processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), with a final step involving γ-secretase activity. In AD, Aβ monomers assemble in oligomers and ultimately fibrils depositing in plaques. Importantly, Aβ toxicity appears related to its soluble oligomeric intermediates. In particular, recombinant Aβ studies described Aβ hexamers as critical oligomeric nuclei. We recently identified hexameric Aβ assemblies in a cellular model, and revealed their ability to enhance recombinant Aβ aggregation in vitro. Here, we assessed the contribution of similar hexameric-like Aβ assemblies to the development of amyloid pathology. We report their early presence in both transgenic mice brains exhibiting human Aβ pathology and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients, suggesting hexameric Aβ as a putative novel AD biomarker. Using isolated cell-derived hexameric Aβ, we report the potential of these assemblies to seed other human Aβ species, resulting in neuronal toxicity in vitro and amyloid deposition aggravation in vivo. In order to identify key contributors to their formation in a cellular context, we investigated the role of presenilin-1 (PS1) and presenilin-2 (PS2) in the formation of hexameric-like Aβ assemblies. As catalytic subunits of the γ-secretase complex, PS1 and PS2 can differentially participate in Aβ generation. Using CRISPR-Cas9-modified neuronal-like cell lines knockdown for each of the two presenilins, we present experimental evidence suggesting a direct link between the PS2-dependent pathway and the release of hexameric-like Aβ assemblies in extracellular vesicles.
Enhanced Photoluminescence of Tb3+ Ions Ce3+ Ions and SnO2 Nanocrystals Co-doped Silica Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guo Feng , Zhuang Li , Jin Qinghui , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Co-doping Ce3+ ions and size-tunable SnO2 nanocrystals into Tb3+ ions embedded silica thin films produces a ninefold enhancement of Tb3+ related emission. Firstly, by optimizing the doping ratio of Sn4+ ions, the size of SnO2 nanoparticles was well tailored for achieving a greatly enhanced photoluminescence emission from Tb3+ ions. Another method to significantly enhance Tb3+ emission was increasing the proportion of Ce3+, and this method only require a relatively small amount rare earth (RE) ions for obtaining an obvious emission enhancement. On the other side, companied with the increase of Ce3+ ions concentration, the growth of CeO2 nanoparticles were proved seriously attenuated the photoluminescence intensity of Tb3+ ions. Finally, we also analyzed the influence of annealing temperature on the photoluminescence intensity. These results indicated that an appropriate proportion of Ce3+ ions and suitable size of SnO2 nanocrystals can effectively sensitize the luminescence of Tb3+ ions.
Boundary conductance protected by topology in macroscopic bismuth crystals
Authors: Kang Woun , Spathelf Felix , Fauqué Benoit , Fuseya Yuki , Behnia Kamran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The interface between a solid and vacuum can become electronically distinct from the bulk. This feature, encountered in the case of quantum Hall effect, has a manifestation in insulators with topologically protected metallic surface states. Non-trivial Berry curvature of the Bloch waves or periodically driven perturbation are known to generate it. Here, by studying the angle-dependent magnetoresistance in prismatic bismuth crystals of different shapes, we detect a robust surface contribution to electric conductivity when the magnetic field is aligned parallel to a two-dimensional boundary between the three-dimensional crystal and vacuum. The effect is absent in antimony, which has an identical crystal symmetry, a similar Fermi surface structure and equally ballistic carriers, but an inverted band symmetry and a topological invariant of opposite sign. Our observation points to the relevance of band symmetries to survival of metallicity at the boundary interrupting the cyclotron orbits.
Pelvic Sagittal Rotation in Patients With Hip Joint Disease
Authors: wu haizhao , chen zhongyi , wang shouli , zhu zhong , ye jiajing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: The functional orientation of the acetabular cup depends on the pelvic orientation when standing. Therefore, predicting the standing orientation of the pelvis after total hip arthroplasty( THA )is important to the preoperative plan. This study aimed to explore the rule suitable for different categories of patients.Methods: A total of 262 patients who had undergone hip arthroplasty in our hospital from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the spine and hip joint, they were divided into 5 categories: no flexion contracture of the hip joint - good lumbar range of motion (group A); no flexion contracture of the hip joint - limited lumbar motion (group B: B1, tanterior pelvic plane tilt (APPt)>0 °; B2, APPt<0 °); hip flexion contracture - good lumbar range of motion (group C); and hip flexion contracture - limited lumbar motion (group D). Changes of the pelvic sagittal parameter before and after THA were analyzed. Results: In group A, there was no significant difference in pelvic incidence (PI) and sagittal vertical axia (SVA) between preoperation and postoperation (P>0.05), but the mean value of sacral slope (SS) (from 44.99 °to 40.50 °), lumbar lordosis( LL) (from 51.42 to 47.45), pelvic tilt (PT) (from 8.71 °to 11.91°), and tanterior pelvic plane tilt (APPt) (from 4.5 °to 1.27 °) had statistic difference (P<0.05); In group B1 and B2, PI, SVA, SS, PT, LL, and APPt had no significant difference before and after operation (P>0.05); In group C, significant difference was not observed in PI (P>0.05), but found (P<0.05) in LL (from 52.17° to 43.43°), SS(44.90° to 38.34°), PT (from 5.70° to 13.36°), APPt (from 9.18° to 2.18°), and SVA (from 3.46cm to 1.16cm). In group D: the pelvis was in supination state before and after operation, and the spine sagittal position was imbalanced. Neither was there significant difference in SVA, PI, SVA, SS, ll and APPt between preoperation and postoperation (P>0.05). In addition, Harris scores of different groups changed accordingly. Conclusion: The sagittal rotation of the pelvis caused by different conditions of the spine-hip has a certain change law after total hip arthroplasty.
Predictors of the Psychosocial Health of Children and Adolescents With Obesity and Overweight: the Underappreciated Role of Physical Fitness
Authors: Eisenburger Nina , Friesen David , Haas Fabiola , Klaudius Marlen , Schmidt Lisa , Vandeven Susanne , Joisten Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood and adolescent obesity impacts on various dimensions of psychosocial health, including health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and personal self-concept. Detecting inhibitory and promotive factors of psychosocial health could contribute to the development of more effective obesity management. In this context, the role of physical fitness among the predicting variables of psychosocial health has rarely been investigated.Objective: To identify relevant predictors of weight-specific HRQOL and self-concept in the context of childhood and adolescent obesity.Methods: The sample comprised cross-sectional data of 241 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight (12.5 ± 2.1 years; 51.9% girls) and their parents. Information on demographics and active/inactive lifestyle were assessed via parent report. Anthropometric data and physical fitness in relation to body weight (W/kg) were measured. Children and adolescents completed standardized questionnaires (GW-LQ-KJ, FSK-K) to assess HRQOL and five dimensions of self-concept (scholastic, social, physical, behavioral, and self-worth). Results: Backward multivariable linear regression analysis showed that three subdomains of self-concept (physical, behavioral, self-worth) were negatively associated with increasing BMI Z-scores, age, physical activity (hours/week), low parental educational levels, or migration background. HRQOL, however, was only significantly related to relative physical fitness (W/kg; β=8.02, P<0.05) as were scholastic (β=8.92, P<0.05) and social self-concept (social β=8.68, P<0.05). Conclusion: The results add physical fitness as a relevant predictor of HRQOL and self-concept of children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. Therapeutic and preventive weight management strategies should therefore consider physical fitness as an important additional outcome measure of psychosocial health.
Rokitansky diverticulum with esophageo-spinal fistula leading to infective spondylodisciitis – A case report and review of literature
Authors: KUKREJA ASHISH , Thirugnanam Balamurugan , Janardhan Seema , Sreeniv D , Kishen Thomas Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background- Infective thoracic spondylodiscitis secondary to spontaneous perforation of the esophageal diverticulum is a rare condition. Case Report- A 56-year-old lady with cystic lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension of nine years duration and progressive dysphagia for two years was diagnosed with mid-esophageal diverticulum five months prior to presentation. The lady presented with infrascapular chest wall pain of one month’s duration and dyspnoea and wheezing of 15 days duration. Imaging showed a mid-esophageal diverticulum at T4-T5 level with a sinus tract extending to the T2-T3 disc, reduced T2-T3 disc height with endplate irregularities, and contrast enhancement of T2-T5 vertebral bodies suggestive of spondylodiscitis. Although a percutaneous vertebral biopsy was inconclusive, the blood culture grew Streptococcus Pseudoporcinus. The esophageal diverticulum was managed with an endoluminal stent and the infective spondylodisciitis was managed with an extended course of antibiotics led to the healing of both lesions. Conclusions- A Rokitansky mid-esophageal diverticulum with esophageo-spinal fistula causing infective spondylodisciitis is a rare condition. A combined management of the leaking esophageal diverticulum using an esophageal endoluminal metallic stent and an extended course of antibiotics to treat the infective spondylodisciitis led to a good outcome.
Volar Locking Plating for the Intra- and Extra-articular Distal Radius Fractures With Dorsal Metaphyseal Comminution
Authors: Gui Xue-yang , Cheng Zhao-hui , Shi Hongfei , Chen Yi-xin , Xiong Jin , Wang Jun-fei , Qiu Xu-sheng , Zhang Zi-tao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Volar locking plating remains a popular method for the surgical management of distal radius fractures. Dorsal metaphyseal comminution (DMC) is a common fracture pattern which weakens the stability during fracture fixation. In this study, we aimed to compare the radiographic and functional outcome of the intra- and extra-articular distal radius fractures with DMC following volar locking plate fixation.Materials and methods: Patients suffered from a distal radius fracture with DMC were reviewed in the clinical database of the authors’ institution between Jan 2016 and Jan 2020. The included patients were classified into the extra-articular (A3) group or the intra-articular (C2 and C3) group according to the AO/OTA system. The radiological parameters, wrist range of motion, and functional outcomes were evaluated following open reduction and volar locking plate fixation.Results: A total of 130 patients were included in this study with a mean follow-up length of 17.2 months. Compared with the A3 fracture group, no significant fracture re-displacement or reduced wrist ROMs was observed in the C2 fractures after 12-month’s follow-up. However, significantly decreased volar tilt (P = 0.003) as well as the extension/flexion ROMs were observed in the C3 fractures comparing to the A3 fractures. Most of the patients achieved an excellent (n = 75) or good (n = 51) Gartland and Werley wrist score. Four patients with C3 fractures resulted in a fair functional outcome due to a significant loss of volar tilt during follow-up.Conclusions: The volar locking plate fixation provided sufficient stability for distal radius fractures with DMC, and resulted in similar radiological and functional outcomes in the intra-articular distal radius fractures with a simple articular component (C2 fractures) as those in the extra-articular fractures. Considering the intra-articular fractures with multifragmentary articular component (C3 fracture), despite of the subsequent loss of volar tilt, the majority of the patients achieved good to excellent wrist function following volar locking plating.Trial registration: Not applicable because the design of the study is retrospective.