bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More voices are always better: Tackling power differentials in knowledge production and access in human biology
Authors: McKerracher Luseadra , Núñez‐de la Mora Alejandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcademic human biology seeks to characterize and explain human biocultural variation in terms of adaptations to local environments. Understanding and educating about such variation, if not carried out thoughtfully, can reinforce power asymmetries around who can produce and access the knowledge, and in what ways and places. One of many factors contributing to power inequities in knowledge production and access concerns histories of state‐driven colonization, with people(s) dispossessed of land through colonization generally having relatively less power.Because human biologists disproportionately work with communities/sub‐populations living in marginal environments, most of which have been moved, dispossessed, and/or reconfigured through colonization, we are prone to reproducing these land‐related power imbalances but we are also well‐situated to level them.MethodsHere, we do three things we hope will move us toward research and teaching practices that recognize and begin to disrupt colonial power inequities in human biology knowledge production and access.ResultsFirst, after defining terms core to understanding the power matrices at stake, we outline likely benefits to human biologists of using anticolonial approaches. Second, we highlight two frameworks offering anticolonial tools (community‐based participatory research and “two‐eyed seeing”). Third, we suggest several practical, behavioral changes to make and skills to develop for human biologists looking to shift power balances.ConclusionWe conclude by reflecting on our own positions along the colonially rooted power gradients structuring human biology. We argue that doing so constitutes an essential early step toward creating anticolonial spaces for more ethical and just production, consumption, and application of knowledge.
Extending the phenotype of posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa caused by variants in FLVCR1
Authors: Vaughan David P. , Costello Daniel J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPosterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP) is a rare autosomal recessive condition due to variants in the Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Cellular Receptor 1 (FLVCR1) gene which was first described in 1997. In this article, we describe a young female patient with a childhood diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa and learning disability, presenting with progressive ataxia from her late teens. Examination revealed spastic lower limbs with absent reflexes, and reduced vibration and joint position sensation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed normal cerebellar volume and linear signal abnormality within the posterior columns of her spinal cord. Trio exome analysis confirmed two variants in FLVCR1. Our case extends the phenotype of PCARP to include learning disability and developmental delay, and highlights the importance of considering this rare condition in young adults or children with visual impairment and ataxia.
The management of cystic fibrosis chronic rhinosinusitis: An evidenced‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Spielman Daniel B. , Beswick Daniel M. , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A. , Aanaes Kasper , Woodworth Bradford A. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Lee Stella , Cho Do‐Yeon , Adappa Nithin D. , DiMango Emily , Gudis David A. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has emerged as a distinct diagnostic entity, unique from other endotypes of CRS in its presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. As the sinonasal health of this patient population may have broad effects on pulmonary health and quality of life, a comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to CF CRS is essential. In recognizing recent scientific advances and unique treatment modalities specific to this challenging patient population, in this review we systematically evaluate the scientific literature and provide an evidenced‐based review with recommendations (EBRR) for fundamental management principles of CF CRS.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed. Studies evaluating interventions for the management of CF CRS were included. An iterative review process was implemented in accordance with EBRR guidelines. A treatment recommendation was generated based on an assessment of the benefits, harms, and the overall grade of evidence.ResultsWe evaluated the published literature on 5 unique topics. Each of the following therapeutic categories was investigated explicitly for treatment outcomes in patients with CF CRS: (1) nasal saline; (2) intranasal corticosteroids (INCS); (3) topical antibiotics; (4) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy; and (5) endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).ConclusionBased on the currently available evidence, nasal saline, ESS, and CFTR modulators are recommended in the management of CF CRS when appropriate. INCS and topical antibiotics are options. Clinical judgment and experience are essential in caring for patients with this uniquely challenging disorder.
Ein Brønsted‐saures Galliumhydrid: Einfache Umwandlung von NNNN‐Makrocyclus‐geträgertem [GaI]+ in [GaIIIH]2+
Authors: Morris Louis J. , Ghana Priyabrata , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Carpentier Ambre , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtonolyse von [Cp*M] (M=Ga, In, Tl) mit [(Me4TACD)H][BAr4Me] (Me4TACD=N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐Tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan; [BAr4Me]−=[B{C6H3‐3,5‐(CH3)2}4]−) ergab Salze der einwertigen Metalle [(Me4TACD)M][BAr4Me], während [Cp*Al]4 das dreiwertige Hydridkation [(Me4TACD)AlH][BAr4Me]2 lieferte. Protonierung von [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me] mit [Et3NH][BAr4Me] führte zu einem ungewöhnlich sauren (pKa(CH3CN)=24.5) Gallium(III)hydrid‐Dikation [(Me4TACD)GaH][BAr4Me]2. Deprotonierung mit IMe4 (1,3,4,5‐Tetramethyl‐imidazol‐yliden) ergab [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me]. Diese reversiblen Prozesse treten bei der formalen Zwei‐Elektronen‐Oxidation und ‐Reduktion von Gallium auf. DFT‐Rechnungen legen nahe, dass eine starke Koordination des vierzähnigen Liganden die HOMO‐Energie von Gallium(I) erhöht, was die Protonierung erleichtert. Die hohe Kernladung von [(Me4TACD)GaH]2+ erleichtert den Ladungstransfer vom Hydrid zum Metall während der Deprotonierung. Die versuchte Herstellung eines Gallium(III)dihydrid‐Kations führte zu einer spontanen Dehydrierung zu [(Me4TACD)Ga]+.
Polyacrylamide mediated polyvinyl pyrrolidone composites incorporated with aligned molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Özuğur Uysal Bengü , Akın Evingür Gülşen , Pekcan Önder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to design a mechanically durable material consisting of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as 2D material and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) enhanced Polyacrylamide (PAAm) composites. Composites containing different amounts of MoS2 were synthesized via a free‐radical crosslinking copolymerization method. They were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, and mechanical techniques to illuminate band gap energy, absorption, slow release kinetics, and modulus of the composites. Furthermore, the effect of swelling on the elasticity of the composites was investigated. It was observed that the elasticity exhibited similar band gap energies with respect to the MoS2 content. The results demonstrated that the MoS2 content strongly influences the optical and mechanical properties of the composites and consequently physical parameters of the composites have been correlated with the various amounts of MoS2.
Design, synthesis, biological activity, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potential AChE/MAO‐B dual inhibitors
Authors: Osmaniye Derya , Evren Asaf E. , Sağlık Begüm N. , Levent Serkan , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo develop new acetylcholinesterase (AChE)–monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) dual inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease, the benzimidazole ring, which has a propargyl side chain with previously proven selective MAO‐B inhibitory activity, was used as the main structure. Moreover, like donepezil, it was thought that the enzyme AChE would provide π–π interactions with the peripheral anionic side in this structure. Piperazine derivatives were chosen for the cationic active site. The synthesis of the compounds was carried out in five steps. The structures of the compounds were determined using 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), 13C‐NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry spectroscopic methods. First, the in vitro AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), MAO‐A, and MAO‐B inhibitory potentials of the obtained compounds were investigated. As a result of activity tests, compounds 5b, 5e, 5g, and 5h showed inhibitory activity against AChE; compounds 5e and 5g showed inhibitory activity against MAO‐B. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against BChE or MAO‐A. Compounds 5e and 5g showed dual inhibition. Among these compounds, compound 5g had inhibition potential similar to that of donepezil and selegiline. For compound 5g, further kinetic studies and Aβ‐plaque inhibitory potentials were investigated using in vitro methods. Molecular docking studies were performed using both AChE and hMAO‐B crystals to elucidate the compound's interactions with the enzyme active site. The binding modes of the compound on AChE were fully elucidated by molecular dynamics studies.
High‐throughput production of liver parenchymal microtissues and enrichment of organ‐specific functions in gelatin methacrylamide microenvironment
Authors: Roopesh Ramesh Pai , Muthusamy Senthilkumar , Velayudhan Shiny , Sabareeswaran Arumugham , Anil Kumar Pallickaveedu RajanAsari 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiver parenchymal microtissues (LPMTs) are three‐dimensional (3D) aggregates of hepatocytes that recapitulate in vivo‐like cellular assembly. They are considered as a valuable model to study drug metabolism, disease biology, and serve as ideal building blocks for liver tissue engineering. However, their integration into the mainstream drug screening process has been hindered due to the lack of simple, rapid techniques to produce a large number of uniform microtissues and preserve their structural–functional integrity over the long term. Here, we present a high‐throughput methodology to produce LPMTs in a novel, economic, and reusable Hanging‐drop Culture Chamber (HdCC). A drop‐on‐demand bioprinting approach was optimized to generate droplets of HepG2 cell suspension on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The substrates carrying droplets were placed inside a novel HdCC and incubated to obtain 1600 LPMTs having a size of 200–300 μm. Tissue size, cell viability, cellular arrangement and polarity, and insulin‐mediated glucose uptake by LPMTs were analyzed. The microtissues were viable and exhibited an active response to insulin stimulation. Cells within the microtissue reorganized to form hepatic plate‐like structures and expressed apical (Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 [MRP2]) and epithelial (Zonula Occludens 1 [ZO1]) markers. Further to maintain the structural integrity and enhance the functional capabilities, LPMTs were sandwiched within gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel and the liver‐specific functions were monitored for 2 weeks. The results showed that the 3D structure of LPMTs in GelMA sandwich was maintained while the albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P450 activity were enhanced compared with LPMTs in suspension. In conclusion, this study presents a novel culture chamber for mass production of microtissues and a method for enhancing organ‐specific functions of LPMTs in vitro.
Expanding advocacy for community college success
Authors: Mayfield Andrea , White Carol Cutler , Downs Tom , Erlandson Dawn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCommunity colleges serve the largest percentage of under‐represented, under‐prepared, and under‐resourced students yet they are often underfunded in state budgets. This article demonstrates challenges and opportunities for community college leaders in state and federal political advocacy from the perspective of a community college state system leader, a national community college trustee leader, a Washington, DC attorney advocating for community college consortium initiatives, and a university researcher. Drawing from the American Association for Community Colleges (AACC) third edition of the Competencies for Community College Leaders, the article frames discussion of advocacy within leadership development. The purpose of the article is to equip community college leaders with strategic knowledge for advocacy in local, state, and federal political contexts to expand fiscal resources. The article details recent developments in community college consortium building for targeted federal funding and a recent shift in federal policy allowing earmarks in federal appropriations.
Smoothing the path for transfer: Implementing interstate passport at community colleges
Authors: McKay Heather A. , Edwards Renée , Douglas Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines how states and community colleges can streamline the transfer process through an innovative national program known as Interstate Passport. The program enables block transfer of lower‐division general education attainment based on a set of learning outcomes rather than on individual courses and credits. The article shows how common transfer is for students in community colleges. It also outlines the challenges students face when they transfer including credit loss and the negative consequences including loss of time and money. These challenges are often exacerbated when students move between states. The article also presents an implementation case study of Interstate Passport at a rural community college and the implications of this program for the community college and its students. Finally, the article provides thoughts and recommendations for community college leaders on transfer policy and practice.
Cu2O/CeO2 Photo‐electrochemical Water Splitting: A Nanocomposite with an Efficient Interfacial Transmission Path under the Co‐action of a p–n Heterojunction and Micro‐mesocrystals
Authors: Tang Gangrong , Wu Yu , Zhao Jinghong , Zhang Huijuan , Zhou Miao , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCu2O is an ideal p‐type material for photo‐electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution, although serious electron–hole recombination and photocorrosion restrict its further improvement for PEC activity. In this work, CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) self‐assemble on the surface of Cu2O octahedra, thus successfully forming a Cu2O/CeO2 structure in which p–n heterojunctions and micro‐mesocrystals (m‐MCs) work together. The optimum Cu2O/CeO2 composite, without the use of any cocatalyst, exhibits a fivefold higher photocurrent density (4.63 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode) than that of Cu2O octahedra, which is better than most Cu2O‐based photocathodes without cocatalyst and even comparable with advanced Cu2O‐based photocathodes. The hydrogen production of the optimal Cu2O/CeO2 (Faradaic efficiency of ∼100 %) is 17.5 times higher than that of pure Cu2O octahedra, and the photocurrent shows almost no decay under the 12 h stability test. The delicately designed Cu2O/CeO2 structure in this work provides reference and inspiration for the design of cathodes materials.
Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Enhanced Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Chang Mengyu , Hou Zhiyao , Wang Man , Li Chunxia , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with specific response to the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) feature providing 100 % metal atoms utilization for high‐efficient enzyme‐catalyzed therapy and accurate template for the study of therapeutic mechanisms. In this review, we first introduce the various synthetic strategies of SAzymes, and the TME‐responsive SAzymes activities. Next, the TME‐responsive enhanced antitumor therapeutic approaches based on the enzymatic activities of SAzymes are summarized, and the corresponding therapy mechanisms are elaborated. Subsequently, a concise but concentrated summary, and the challenges and opportunities for the future design and engineering of SAzyme are outlined. As a new discipline, SAzymes have vast space for development in enhanced antitumor therapy. This timely review provides guidance and constructive suggestions for the future of SAzymes.
Brønsted acidic ionic liquid‐catalyzed and ultrasound‐promoted transesterification of fish oil with ethanol
Authors: Cao Piao , Zheng Lin , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFour typical Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BILs) and concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) were used to catalyze the transesterification of fish oil with ethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) in this work. The experimental results show that the imidazole BILs lead to fewer side reactions and higher product quality than H2SO4. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicate that [PSMim][HSO4] molecules can be enriched at the interface and enhance the contact of eicosapentaenoic acid triglyceride (EPATG, a typical component of fish oil) and ethanol. And ester groups of EPATG tend to expose more to ethanol in the BILs system, which facilitates the occurrence of transesterification. However, H2SO4 has no positive effect on the distribution of the two reactants. For the transesterification, the interfacial property affects the catalytic activity a lot, instead of catalyst acidity. Also, the reaction rate is accelerated, obviously, by ultrasound‐led liquid–liquid phase emulsification.
Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry and risk of central nervous system relapse after hyperCVAD in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Garcia Kelsey‐Leigh A. , Cherian Sindhu , Stevenson Philip A. , Martino Christen H. , Shustov Andrei R. , Becker Pamela S. , Percival Mary‐Elizabeth M. , Oehler Vivian G. , Halpern Anna B. , Walter Roland B. , Orozco Johnnie J. , Keel Siobán B. , Estey Elihu H. , Cassaday Ryan D. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundPotential involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by acute lymphoblastic leukemia is typically evaluated by a conventional cytospin (CC) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is generally more sensitive and specific than morphology, but data to guide its use versus CC are limited.MethodsThis study identified 92 patients who had MFC performed on their initial CSF specimen and received at least 4 cycles of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine (hyperCVAD) as their initial treatment.ResultsEighteen (20%) were CSF+ by MFC at the baseline, and only 6 of these patients were positive by CC. In contrast, 0 of 51 patients who were negative by MFC and had CC available were positive by CC. Despite the receipt of significantly more intra‐CSF chemotherapy (P < .001), the cumulative incidence of CNS relapse by MFC was 22% among CSF+ patients versus 5% among those who were CSF– (P = .044). No such association was observed between CNS relapse and CC results (P = .42). None of the 74 CSF– patients became CSF+ during their initial treatment despite being tested a median of 5 times (range, 2‐10). CSF positivity by MFC was the factor most strongly associated with CNS relapse in a series of univariate Cox models (hazard ratio, 3.7; P = .067). The initial CSF status by MFC had no significant impact on overall or event‐free survival.ConclusionsMFC of CSF is superior to CC of CSF in identifying adults at high risk for CNS relapse after treatment with hyperCVAD. Surveillance of CSF by MFC has limited utility.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for aflatoxin accumulation resistance in two populations containing resistant maize inbred Mp717
Authors: Smith J. Spencer , Williams William Paul , Warburton Marilyn , Windham Gary , Xu Wenwei , Bhattramakki Dinakar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMp717, a maize germplasm line resistant to aflatoxin accumulation, served as the resistant parent in two bi‐parental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping populations: Mp717 × Va35 and Mp717 × PHW79. Both populations were phenotyped for concentration of total aflatoxins following artificial inoculation in replicated field trials grown in four environments. In all four environments in which the Mp717 × Va35 population was evaluated, the majority of the explained phenotypic variance was due to QTL for which the aflatoxin‐reducing allele was contributed by Va35, not Mp717. When the data were combined across environments, Mp717 contributed the beneficial allele for four QTL, but those QTL individually explained only 2.5 to 5.4% of the phenotypic variance. In contrast, Mp717 was the source of the resistance allele for the majority of the QTL observed in the Mp717 × PHW79 population in all four environments. When the data were combined across environments, Mp717 was the source of the resistance allele for eight QTL that individually explained 3.5 to 8.7% of the phenotypic variance. Three of those QTL individually explained 7.7 to 8.7% of the phenotypic variance, but none of those three QTL were observed in the Mp717 × Va35 population. Due to the small effect size of most observed QTL and the inconsistency across genetic backgrounds of the few medium‐effect QTL that were detected, it was concluded that no resistance QTL suitable for marker‐assisted introgression of the resistance present in Mp717 were detected in these two populations.
Ethical concerns arising from recruiting workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk as research participants: Commentary on Burnette et al. (2021)
Authors: Gleibs Ilka Helene , Albayrak‐Aydemir Nihan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this commentary, we respond to Burnette et al.'s (2021) paper, which gives significant practical recommendations to improve data quality and validity while gathering data via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We argue that it is also important to acknowledge and review the specific ethical issues that might arise when recruiting MTurk workers as participants. We particularly raise three main ethical concerns that need to be addressed when recruiting research participants from participant recruitment platforms: participants’ economic vulnerability, participants’ sensitivity, and power dynamics between participants and researchers. We elaborate on these issues by discussing the ways in which they may appear and be responded to. We conclude that considering the ethical aspects of data collection and the potential impacts of data collection on those involved would complement Burnette et al.'s recommendations. Consequently, data collection processes should be transparent as well, in addition to data screening processes.