bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Array with Crossed-Dipoles Elements for Controlling Side Lobes Pattern
Authors: Mohammed Jafar Ramadhan , Khmees Abdulrazaq A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an array with a new element structure to achieve asymmetric sidelobe pattern nulling which is a much desired feature in many applications such as communication systems, tracking radars, and imaging. The proposed element structure consists of combining two simple wire dipoles in the horizontal and vertical positions to form a crossed dipole element. The array patterns of the horizontal and vertical dipoles alone share some common radiation feature such angular null positions which are exploited to provide sidelobe nulling. By properly scaling the array pattern of the horizontal dipoles and added or subtracted its array pattern from that of the vertical dipoles, a new array pattern corresponds to the crossed dipoles elements with controlled sidelobes pattern can be obtained. The scaling factor selects which sidelobes to be cancelled. The method is equally applied to the uniformly and nun-uniformly excited arrays. The proposed idea is verified by simulating an array with 10 half wavelength crossed dipoles using CST microwave studio.
Elevated CO2 Could Induce Heat Stress in Two Japanese Cultivars of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) via Reduction in Transpiration Under High Air Temperature Conditions
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiro , Kamiya Shoma , Kokubun Dai , Nakayama Tomoki , Yonekura Tetsushi , Kohno Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two Japanese cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Hinohikari and Nikomaru, were planted using potting soil on June 13, 2018, and were exposed to elevated CO2 from June 26 to October 9 using open-top chambers. The study was conducted in Nagasaki, in the Kyushu region of Japan, where the air temperature is relatively high. There were two treatments: ambient CO2 treatment with approximately 400 µmol mol–1 (ppm) CO2, and elevated CO2 treatment with approximately 550 ppm CO2. The elevated CO2 treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and whole-plant dry mass of the two rice cultivars. However, this treatment did not produce significant effects on grain yield and adversely affected grain appearance quality of both cultivars. Among the yield components, spikelet fertility was significantly reduced by exposure to elevated CO2. These adverse effects were typical manifestations of heat stress in rice. Even under ambient CO2 treatment, there was relatively low spikelet fertility and grain appearance quality, because air temperature during the cultivation period was higher than the standard climatological normal of air temperature. Furthermore, under elevated CO2 treatment, significant reductions in transpiration rate of flag leaves were observed during the flowering period. This may cause an increase in temperature of the canopy, including the panicle, and induce heat stress. These results suggest that elevated CO2 could induce heat stress in rice via reduction in transpiration under high air temperature conditions.
Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Risk Factors in Renal Transplant Recipients in Iran: a Prospective Case-control Study
Authors: Parhizgari Najmeh , Rezaei Farhad , Khatami Mohamad-Reza , Marashi Sayed Mahdi , Farahmand Mohammad , Behnezhad farzaneh , Zarei-ghobadi Mohadeseh , Derakhshani Monireh , Ajami-Nezhad Fatemeh , Mokhtari-Azad Talat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In spite of effective anti-viral drugs and risk-balanced prophylaxis regimen, cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major reason of morbidity in kidney transplant patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate CMV viral load and laboratory findings correlation with CMV viremia graft origin and investigation on late or early onset CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients with CMV viremia. Methods: This research designed as a prospective case-control study based on CMV PCR test and exclusion of other viral infection among renal transplant patients in Iran.Results: From 192 examined patients, 153 participants were qualified to enter the study: 43 in case (with CMV viremia) and 110 in control group (CMV negative test). Statistical analysis performed to identify the risk factors raising this viral viremia among kidney transplant patients. Conclusion: Receiving a renal graft from a deceased donor significantly raise the chance of viremia in renal transplant patients. The median month of CMV viremia occurrence was month 4 after transplantation in both groups. Serum laboratory testing showed creatinine and platelets significantly raised and reduced, retrospectively in the case compare to control group. Our results indicating the viremia has not affected the survival of the allograft or patient.
Thermal and electric Characteristics of High-power Short-duration Radiofrequency Ablation and Standard Radiofrequency Ablation: A Computer Simulation Study
Authors: Gu Kaihao , Yan Shengjie , Wu Xiaomei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: High power-short duration ablation is an emerging conception for cardiac RF treatment. But the biophysical ablation properties of this technique have not been fully explored. This study compared the electric field characteristics and thermal lesion dimension in High power-short duration (HP-SD) radio frequency (RF) ablation and standard RF ablation by using the finite element method. Results: The results demonstrated that the lesion size and temperature in HP–SD RF ablation increased faster than standard RF ablation. The thermal lesion volume in both ablation modes demonstrated a linear increase and the rate of increase of HP–SD RF ablation grew faster than that of standard RF ablation. For HP–SD application at 50 W for 5 s, the lesion depth was shallower (1.74 to 2.1 mm vs 2.40 to 3.15 mm) and the surface lesion diameter was broader (2.76 to 3.32 mm vs 2.42 to 2.66 mm) than that for standard RF ablation at 25 W for 30 s. Conclusion: Compared with standard RF ablation, HP–SD RF ablation creates a broader lesion width and surface lesion diameter but shallower lesion depth, with a faster increase in temperature. HP–SD ablation is more able to achieve uniform and contiguous lesion shape, which is a suitable for point-to-point RF ablation procedures.Higher temperature was formed in deeper space of cardiac tissue in HP–SD ablation. The duration of HP–SD ablation should be strictly controlled for preventing the steam occur in tissue.
A New Treatment Method for Cellulose-Rich Fibers Toward High Performance Bio-composite Applications
Authors: Nassar Mahmoud M.A. , Alzebdeh Khalid , Al-Hinai Nasr , Pervez Tasneem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article reports a new chemical treatment method to extract rich cellulosic fibers from date palm agro-residues. The technique comprises a multistep process which is quite unique, efficient, sustainable, and capable of producing high-performance natural date palm fibers. In specific, it consists of three consecutive steps: dewaxing, acetylation, and mercerization, which are carried out in a strict sequence. Each step is designated to achieve a specific goal in preparation for the next step. In addition, procedures have been adjusted from its initial state by incorporating input parameters that are configured experimentally to optimize outputs via the design of experiment approach. The method has been applied in two variants with respect to heating mechanism: conventional heat-assisted and microwave heat-assisted sources. An experimental characterization of mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the treated fibers exhibited a significant enhancement over the untreated counterparts which confirms the potency of the new process.
Serious sledding injuries in children dramatically increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Clos Maite , Evain Jean Noel , Wroblewski Isabelle , Bouzat Pierre , Mortamet Guillaume 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Sledding is the most popular activity in young children given its cost and simplicity.
Objective
This study aims to highlight the increase in serious sledding injuries among children in France during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the patterns of injury.
Methods
A single-center retrospective study. Patients younger than 16 years of age were included if they were admitted in PICU because of a sledding, skiing or snowboarding accident.
Results
Compared with previous winter seasons, sledding-related injuries increased four to five-fold during the winter of 2020–2021, with a total of 12 children admitted to the PICU. Most were less than 5 years of age. At the time of the accident, most children (9/12, 75%) were not wearing a helmet. All children presenting with a head trauma were younger than 5 years old. Finally, no patient died and the median length of stay in ICU was 3 days (IQR 1–7). Conclusion: Serious pediatric injuries related to sledding have increased sharply with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to develop prevention strategies, including the widespread use of helmets.
Sex-Dependent Performance of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte and Mean Platelet Volume-to-Platelet Ratios in Predicting Covid-19 Severity.
Authors: Fors Martha , Ballaz Santiago , Ramírez Hégira , Mora Francisco , Pulgar Mary , Chamorro Kevin , Fernández-Moreira Esteban 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and mean platelet volume-to-platelet ratio (MPR) are combined hematology tests useful for the assessment of COVID-19 severity, but different cut-off values have been reported. Sex can significantly impact immune responses and the course of COVID-19, so these combined hematology tests should be differentiated by gender.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the contribution of the NLR, PLR, MLR and MPR to severity and mortality using a sample of COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from Quito (Ecuador).
Methods
This single center observational cross-sectional study included 3280 subjects with COVID-19 disease admitted in the IESS Hospital from Quito. Subjects over 18 years old having a positive result in the real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2. Confirmed COVID-19 cases were categorized as Severe (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) and Non-Severe (PaO2 ≥ 60 mmHg). Area under the curve, sensibility and specificity were calculated for these ratios to identify optimal cut-offs according to gender to predict severity and mortality in COVID-19 subjects.
Results
Covid-19 mortality rate among men was double that in women. Severe and non-surviving patients had a higher NLR and MLR, and a lower MPR. A higher PLR was also associated with severity, but not with mortality. The means of NLR, MLR, and PLR in men were significantly higher, yet MPR levels were lower than in women. In men, these ratios had lower cut-offs than in women (NLR: 2.42 vs. 3.31, MLR: 0.24 vs. 0.35 and PLR: 83.9 vs. 151.9). The sensitivity of NLR, MLR and PLR to predict severity was better in men (69%-77%), while their specificity enhanced in women compared to men (70%-76% vs. 23%-48%).
Conclusion
High NLR, MLR, PLR and low MPR levels were related to COVID-19 severity with different performance in men and women.
Synergic Interaction Between Permethrin and Bt Toxins Discovered Using RNA-Seq
Authors: Sakamoto Takuma , Kozaki Toshinori , Ogata Norichika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acting against the development of resistance to antibiotics and insecticides, involving negatively correlated cross-resistance (NCR) is an alternative to use- and-discard approach. It is termed NCR that toxic chemicals interact with each other and resistance of target organisms to one chemical is sometimes associated with increased susceptibility to a second chemical when; an allele confers resistance to one toxic chemical and hyper-susceptibility to another, NCR occurs. However, only 11 toxin pairs have been revealed to cause NCR in insects. Finding novel NCRs is needed for integrated pest management. RESULTS: We analyzed permethrin, an insecticide, induced transcriptomes of cultured fat bodies of the silkworm Bombyx mori, a lepidopteran model insect. Differentially expressed gene analyses suggested Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin was an NCR toxin of permethrin. NCR to permethrin and Bt toxins in Thysanoplusia intermixta, the agricultural pest moth, was examined; the children of permethrin survivor T. intermixta had increased susceptibility to Bt toxin. CONCLUSIONS: A novel NCR toxin pair, permethrin and Bt toxin, was discovered. The screening and developmental method for negatively correlated cross-resistance toxins established in this study was effective, in vitro screening using model organisms and in vivo verification using agricultural pests.
An Arduino Real-Time Jump Tagging System for Exploring Stereotyped Jumping Behavior in Mice
Authors: Ge Junye , Li Guangyuan , Zhang Haibo , Liu Haiying , Qi Chuchu , Lin Yuke , Xue Qian , Wu Shengxi , Liu Yihui , Wang Wenting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The jump is one of the common stereotyped behavior in rodents. It is the natural state in some types of mice and also can be found in certain types of disease models, such as addiction. It is straightforward and easy to identify by the human eye in offline analysis. However, jumping is a short-lived act that happens immediately. It is difficult to be tagged in real-time by manual operation, which limits the detailed exploration of its neural mechanisms with the new techniques, such as fiber photometry recording or optogenetics. Here we introduced an arduino real-time jump tagging system (Art-JT system) to record the jump based on online monitoring the pressure changes of the floor in which the mouse is free exploring. Meanwhile, the Art-JT system can send the digital signal of the jump timing to the external device for tagging the events in the fiber photometry system or triggering the optogenetics laser. We tested it with the mice induced by Naloxone precipitated withdrawal jumping. The results showed that it could accurately record the jump events and provide several detailed parameters of the jump. Furthermore, it was easy and fast to get the GCaMP6 signal correlated with the jump in the medial prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex by combining the Art-JT system and multichannel fiber photometry system. Our results suggested that the Art-JT system may be a powerful tool for recording and analyzing jumping efficiently and helping us to understand stereotyped behavior.
Uric Acid Mediated the Association between BMI and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Incidence: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Feng Yue , Li Mengying , Bai Yansen , Li Guyanan , Wu Xiulong , Wei Wei , Meng Hua , Li Hang , Guan Xin , Fu Ming , Jie Jiali , Wang Chenming , Lu Yanjun , Guo Huan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The observational epidemiological studies have reported the associations of high body mass index (BMI) with elevated serum uric acid (UA) level and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, whether UA is causally induced by BMI and functioned in the BMI-breast cancer relationship remains unclear. Methods: To elucidate the causality direction between BMI and serum UA, the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed by using summarized data from the largest Asian genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of BMI and UA carried out in over 150,000 Japanese populations. Then, a total of 19,518 postmenopausal women from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort (with a mean 8.2-year follow-up) were included and analyzed on the associations of BMI and serum UA with incidence risk of postmenopausal breast cancer by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. Mediation analysis was further conducted among DFTJ cohort to assess the intermediate role of serum UA in the BMI-breast cancer association.Results: In the bidirectional MR analyses, we observed that genetically determined BMI was causally associated with elevated serum UA [β(95%CI)=0.225(0.111, 0.339), P<0.001], but not vice versa. In the DFTJ cohort, each standard deviation (SD) increment in BMI (3.5 kg/m2) and UA (75.4 μmol/L) was associated with a separate 24% and 22% increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [HR(95%CI)= 1.24(1.07, 1.44) and 1.22(1.05, 1.42), respectively]. More importantly, serum UA could mediate 16.9% of the association between BMI and incident postmenopausal breast cancer.Conclusions: The current findings revealed a causal effect of BMI on increasing serum UA and highlighted the mediating role of UA in BMI-breast cancer relationship. Controlling the serum level of UA among overweight postmenopausal women may help to decrease their incident risk of breast cancer.
Integrated DYC and ASR Mixed Control of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Using Co-Simulation Methodology
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Li Qiang , Philip Agyei , Zhao Lu , Wang Xeihui , Baldwin Takura Marufu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The improvement of handling and stability performance of distributed drive electric vehicle (DDEV) is analyzed, visualized and designed by proposing and deploying the mixed control strategies in this paper including Direct Yaw Control (DYC), Anti-slip Regulation (ASR) and dual-mode switching control. The practicability and real time visualization of driving efficiency and timeliness of DDEV is achieved to reduce the margin of error for the desired torque value by employing the DYC strategy which uses fuzzy PID algorithm. Furthermore the ASR strategy which adopts the optimal slip rate algorithm to determine the requirement of desired torque value based on the different road conditions is used to reduce slip phenomenon effectively and to maintain handling control of DDEV. In response to different scenes especially conflict and coexistence between DYC and ASR, the dual-mode switching control strategy is applied to find more suitable slip rate range by using the root mean square error method (REME). Finally, co-simulation platform of ADAMS/Car and MATLAB/Simulink is built to simulate the mixed control strategies by integrating dual-mode switching control, DYC and ASR. The simulation results show that this strategy has a more significant control effect needed to meet the requirements of normal vehicle handling and stability. The mixed control strategy is adopted and downloaded into the electronic control unit of our student type formula vehicle called Flash V6 which was designed and developed by a team of students, the ZUST ATTACKER Team.
Folded Free Vascularized Fibular Bone Graft for Segmental Femoral Bone Defect: a Retrospective Report
Authors: Wu Yifan , Jian Chao , Qi Baiwen , Li Zonghuan , Yu Aixi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveVascularized fibular bone graft is an efficient method for various segmental bone defects. The objective of this report is to introduce our experience of folded free vascularized fibular bone graft for segmental femoral bone defect.Patients and methodsClinical data collected by surgeons and Hospital Information System (HIS) system were screened respectively. Cases with segmental femoral bone defect repaired by folded free vascularized fibular bone graft were collected. Clinical data including demographic characteristics, defect size, coinfection, perioperative treatment and imaging data during follow up were all collected for analysis.ResultsTwelve patients (10 males and 2 females), aged from 6 to 58, were included in this report. The defect range was 3 to 10 cm, with an average of 6.2 cm. Three cases were complicated with infection, the others were not. Folded free vascularized fibular bone graft were harvested for the reconstruction of segmental femoral bone defect. The grafts were fixed with plates in 9 cases and external fixators in 3 cases. All grafts healed uneventfully with an average healing time of 5.2 months (range 4~8 months). Internal fixation failure occurred in one case. The follow up time ranged from 15 to 130 months (average 58.3 months).ConclusionFolded free fibula graft is one of the optional methods for segmental bone defect of femur. Through this method, patients can achieve one-time operation to reconstruct the bone defect of the affected limb.
Introducing the Hormonal Intrauterine Device in Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia: Results From a Pilot Study
Authors: Danna Kendal , Jaworski Grace , Rahaivondrafahitra Bakoly , Rasoanirina Francia , Nwala Anthony , Nqumayo Masauso , Smith Gina , Moon Pierre , Jackson Ashley , Thurston Sarah , Kalamar Amanda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a highly effective contraceptive option growing in popularity and availability in many countries. The hormonal IUD has been shown to have high rates of satisfaction and continuation among users in high-income countries. The study aims to understand the profiles of clients who choose the hormonal IUD in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and describe their continuation and satisfaction with the method after 12 months of use. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of hormonal IUD acceptors was conducted across three countries—Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia—where the hormonal IUD had been introduced in a pilot setting within the context of a broad mix of available methods. Women were interviewed at baseline immediately following their voluntary hormonal IUD insertion, and again three and 12 months following provision of the method. A descriptive analysis of user characteristics and satisfaction with the method was conducted on an analytic sample of women who completed baseline, three-month, and 12-month follow-up questionnaires. Kaplan-Meier cumulative hazard models were used to estimate method continuation rates up to 12 months post-insertion.Results: Each country had a unique demographic profile of hormonal IUD users with different method use histories. Across all three countries, women reported high rates of satisfaction with the hormonal IUD (67-100%) and high rates of continuation at the 12-month mark (91-93%).Conclusions: Rates of satisfaction and continuation among hormonal IUD users in the study suggest that expanding method choice with the hormonal IUD would provide a highly effective, long-acting method desirable to many different population segments, including those with high unmet need.