bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developed and validated food frequency questionnaires in Iran
Authors: Ayoubi Samaneh Sadat , Yaghoubi Zahra , Pahlavani Naseh , Philippou Elena , MalekAhmadi Mahsa , Esmaily Habibollah , Ranjbar Golnaz , Amini Maryam , Nematy Mohsen , Norouzy Abdolreza 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are inexpensive, easy to administer, and practical tools for dietary assessment in epidemiological studies. Several studies have investigated the validity and reproducibility of FFQs for the Iranian population. This systematic review aimed to assess the developed and validated FFQs for use in the Iranian population and compare their features and the validation studies in this regard.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted in ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, and Iranian databases without time constraints to retrieve the relevant English and non-English publications. Studies would be included if they were focused on the design and validation of FFQs in Iran.

Results:
In total, 782 articles were found, 22 of which met the eligibility criteria and evaluated 18 FFQs. Validation studies had been conducted on 18 out of 20 FFQs. The median of the correlation coefficients for the comparison of the FFQ intakes and the dietary reference method by nutrients varied within the range of 0.19–0.65, indicating reasonable validity. The median of the correlation coefficients for the comparison of two FFQs by nutrients was 0.28–0.85, showing appropriate reproducibility. However, low validity was observed in some nutrients and food groups, such as egg, legumes, iron, folate, and α-tocopherol. In seven studies, biomarkers were used for the assessment of nutrient intake using an FFQ with the median correlation coefficient of −0.07–0.42. In addition, the quality of methodology was evaluated in the FFQ validation studies, with 18 out of 20 studies reporting good and excellent quality.

Conclusion:
Although the FFQs used to assess the dietary intake of the Iranian population have different features, they have acceptable validity and reproducibility. Nevertheless, some food groups and nutrients have poor validity and must be considered attentively.
Association of leukocyte telomere length with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Peng Xuemin , Huang Jiaojiao , Xia Sanshan , Yang Yan , Dong Kun 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been revealed to be associated with aging-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the correlation of LTL with MetS and its components in T2DM patients in this cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 344 T2DM patients were enrolled into this study. LTL was measured by Southern blot-based terminal restriction fragment length analysis. MetS was clinically defined by 2007 Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults.

Results:
Of 344 T2DM patients, 53% had MetS. T2DM patients with MetS had significantly longer LTL than those without MetS (6451.95 ± 51.10 base pairs vs. 6076.13 ± 55.13 base pairs, P < 0.001), especially when T2DM patients had poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≥7%). Meanwhile, the trend of longer LTL was associated with the increased components of MetS in T2DM patient. Finally, LTL had a significant association with MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.096, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.337–3.285, P = 0.001), low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.412, 95% CI 1.350–4.308, P = 0.003) in T2DM patients.

Conclusion:
T2DM patients with MetS had a significantly longer LTL than those without MetS. The longer LTL was especially evident in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control. Longer LTL was positively associated with MetS, particularly low levels of HDL-C in T2DM patients.
Co-infection between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the influenza Type B in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Vaseghi Golnaz , Nasirian Maryam , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Some studies have been reported the rates of co-infection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus in the different regions. In this study, we report the co-infection rates between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza type B in Isfahan, Iran.

Materials and Methods:
All patients with a definite diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Isfahan COVID-19 registry (I-core) study were enrolled from February 2020.

Results:
Of the 1639 laboratory COVID-19 confirmed in Isfahan province, only two persons were positive for Influenza B from Isfahan COVID-19 registry (I-core). Both patients were symptom-free after 3 months' follow-up.

Conclusion:
During influenza season, differentiating other causes of respiratory illness from COVID-19 is difficult, because common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 mimic those of influenza. It seems that evaluating for co-infection with different types of influenza viruses in patients with specific settings should be considered.
Diagnostic Techniques for Human Papillomavirus Detection for Early Diagnosis of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Almutiri Abdullah Bandar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The past few decades have witnessed a shift in the rate of incidence of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and endocervical adenocarcinoma because there has been an increase in the prevalence of the endocervical adenocarcinoma and a reduction in the SCC in countries with effective screening programs in place. Although our knowledge about the underlying reasons for this shift remains deficient, it seems that the prevalence of endocervical adenocarcinoma is on the rise partly because of greater exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV), screening delays, and more importantly, technical limitations faced in diagnosing endocervical carcinoma.

Objectives:
This study aims to systematically review certain diagnostic methods that detect HPV which will facilitate the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma because adjuvant therapy has proven to be inefficient for later stages of the disease.

Methodology:
The relevant articles were researched online using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. The databases were electronically searched. The keywords used in the search included “human papillomavirus (HPV),” “diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma,” “polymerase chain reaction (PCR),” “in situ hybridization (ISH),” and “immunohistochemistry (IHC).” The search was refined to include only those articles that were nonreviewed studies and recently published, covering the period from 2010 to the present.

Results:
Eight articles from different parts of the world were selected for the study and were categorized into three groups depending on the diagnostic technique used in them, which included PCR, ISH, and IHC. PCR has proven to be an efficient noninvasive method that detects HPV DNA in the early stages. ISH demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity for the detection, of which genotypes of HPVs are present in endocervical adenocarcinoma lesions. Immunohistochemical staining is a simple tool for detecting HPV, but it has limited efficiency.

Conclusion:
A number of diagnostic tools are available to detect HPV infection for the early diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma. HPV detection tests can be used in combination with the Pap test to ensure that any abnormality is not missed during diagnosis. Nonetheless, further studies should be performed to develop novel techniques or improve existing ones, so that endocervical adenocarcinomas can be detected on time and with high accuracy, and to overcome the problems faced in the cytologic diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinomas lesions.
Factors Motivating Nurses to Transition from Clinical to Academic Education
Authors: AlKarani Ahmed S. , Ibrahem Ahmed AbdElbagy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Around the world, there are some problems facing nursing education and production of new nurses; one of the problems is a shortage of qualified nurse faculty members.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study are (1) to explore factors motivated Saudi nurses working at nursing faculties to transition from clinical practice to academy and (2) to clarify the challenges of the transition into nursing colleges at universities.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a descriptive, qualitative study. A semi-structured interview was implemented with nine lecturers from four Saudi Universities. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
This study publicized three themes from the experience of Saudi nurses moving from clinical practice to academy: appealing factors in academic work, including four subthemes; factors that helped integrate into academic work, including two subthemes; and factors that contributed to the transition from clinical practice to academy, including two subthemes.

Conclusion:
Searching for change, continuing postgraduate studies, academic social life, and a positive academic work environment are common factors motivating nurses to transfer from clinical bedside nursing care into academic teaching.
Nomophobia Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Nursing Students
Authors: Rawas Hawazen , Bano Nusrat , Asif Uzma , Khan Muhammad Anwar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Nomophobia is described as the fear of losing contact with mobile phones. It is widely reported in nursing students who may also experience depression, anxiety, and stress. Little is known about the relationship of nomophobia with depression, anxiety, and stress.

Objectives:
This study was designed to (a) assess nomophobia in nursing students and to (b) evaluate the impact of depression, anxiety, and stress on nomophobia in nursing students.

Material and Methods:
The study was carried out in College of Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Study sample (n = 311) comprised students enrolled in all levels of bachelor of science in Nursing degree. A self-administered survey was conducted using the Nomophobia Questionnaire tool for nomophobia and DASS-21 for depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results:
Undergraduate nursing students were presented with mild (12.9%), moderate (46.9%), and severe (40.2%) nomophobia. The highest mean score yielded for nomophobia Factor 1 – not being able to communicate (4.74 ± 1.77), whereas the lowest score was noted for nomophobia Factor 2 – losing connectedness (4.07 ± 1.96). A significant positive correlation was noted between depression and Factor 4 – giving up convenience of nomophobia (r = 0.11, P < 0.05). A high prevalence of nomophobia was noted. Severity of depression contributed positively to severity of nomophobia.

Conclusion:
Findings indicate the coexistence of depression, anxiety, or stress in nomophobia.
Topiramate, as Prominent Dual Inhibitor, Targeting Beta-secretase and Voltage-gated Sodium Channel
Authors: Abohashrh Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evidenced by decreased cognitive function and increased prevalence of seizures. The association of epilepsy with AD is of clinical importance. Besides, memory impairment is common in epilepsy patients. Anti-epilepsy drugs have been used in various neurodegenerative disorders other than epilepsy.

Objective:
To validate the assumption that an AED could be effective against AD. The therapeutic target in the cure of epilepsy is the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), while beta-secretase (BACE) is a vital target in AD treatment.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we describe the molecular interactions of topiramate with BACE and VGSC by “Autodock 4.2.” Free binding energy and inhibition constant of “topiramate-BACE” and “topiramate-VSC” interactions were found to be “−5.67 kcal/mol and 69.69 μM;” and “−5.64 kcal/mol and 73.88 μM,” respectively.

Results:
Both hydrophobic interactions and H-bond exhibit a vital role in the binding of topiramate with the BACE and VGSC.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that topiramate might act as a prominent dual inhibitor against BACE and VGSC, which may prove to be a promising treatment option for epilepsy-associated AD.
Assessment of Awareness of Ultrasound Safety among Ultrasound Users in King Saudi Arabia
Authors: Adam Mohamed , Gameraddin Moawia , Alelyani Magbool , Laghbi Abdullah , Abdallah Ibtisam , Alqahtani Nada A. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Ultrasound (US) is an imaging method with significant diagnostic value; it is one of the most important diagnostic tools used by a wide range of health-care professionals across many applications.

Objective:
Evaluate the knowledge on implementation of the safety of diagnostic ultrasound (US) and the extent of perception of users in South King Saudi Arabia (KSA) regarding safety aspects of diagnostic methods.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between October 2019 and September 2020. US operators used an online questionnaire in public and private Hospitals. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software program using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
A total of 105 respondents of US operators completed the questionnaires. Most of them specialized in radiology (71.4%), whereas the remaining are physicians and obstetricians. A 50.5% of the US operators responded to the correct answer for US safe in the first trimester, 21.9% responded it is safe in the second trimester, and 34.3% in the third trimester. In comparison between operators about the knowledge safety issue, sonographers have a better knowledge of US safety than others (P = 0.02), whereas females have significant experience than males (P = 0.033). Qualified US operators with postgraduate studies were significantly more knowledgeable about US safety than others (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
The qualification of US users has a significant impact on US safety knowledge. Practice and awareness of US safety among US operators in KSA need further training. Further efforts are made to teach and train diagnostic medical US devices to implement safety standards.
Thyroid Cancer Awareness among Women in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Fayi Majed Saad 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common malignancies among females in Saudi Arabia, accounting for approximately 11% of newly diagnosed cancers in the kingdom. Over the past few decades, an increasing prevalence of TC has been documented in the kingdom. In Saudi Arabia, and especially in the Asir region, no studies have been conducted to address TC awareness among females.

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the level of TC awareness among women in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. This study focuses on knowledge of the risk factors, signs, prevalence, treatment, and diagnosis of TC.

Materials and Methods:
This study uses a cross-sectional survey design. An online survey was conducted among 310 females in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia over 3 months. The questionnaire was divided into four subsections, namely, a demographic section, a knowledge score section, an awareness section, and practices to detect TC section.

Results:
A total of 75 (24.8%) participants had a low level of knowledge about TC, while only five (1.7%) participants had a high level of knowledge about TC, with the remainder having a moderate level of knowledge. The knowledge scores of participants were found to be significantly correlated with their education levels (0.048), while knowledge of TC did not significantly correlate with their age group (0.790), marital status (0.471), or number of visits to a health center per year (0.211). The majority of the respondents claimed that TC is uncommon in Saudi Arabia (54.6%), more common in males/females (75.2%), and more common in those aged over 40 years.

Conclusion:
The study depicted the suboptimal awareness levels of women regarding TC in the Asir region and its association with education levels. Women's awareness of TC in routine practice is urgently required.
How long is my SVG <text> element?
Authors: Birnbaum David J. , Taylor Charlie 
Published: July 2021

SVG layout requires that the developer be in control of the dimensions of the objects that must be placed in the coordinate space. It is easy to specify (or compute based on other specifications) the size (bounding box height and width) of many SVG objects (e.g., rectangles, circles, lines), but identifying the bounding box for text is challenging because SVG text does not know its own length.
In this report we explore two methods for working around this limitation. The first method, implemented in XSLT, consults exported font metrics to determine the length of SVG <text> elements and uses that information to make layout decisions as the SVG is created. The second method, implemented in JavaScript, determines the length of SVG <text> objects as the SVG is rendered in a browser and uses the information to control the layout at rendering time.
JATS Blue Lite
Authors: Imsieke Gerrit , Reinhardt Nina Linn 
Published: July 2021

A JATS customization with a restricted vocabulary that is suitable for publishing metadata has been a desideratum in the JATS community. For some members, the JATS publishing customization (“Blue”) has acquired too many JATS archiving (“Green”) vocabulary items over time. Others want to have a straightforward editing schema without too many alternatives, similar to the authoring (“Pumpkin”) customization, but with support for publishing metadata.
This work is an attempt to identify a commonly used subset of Blue (goal: 60% of its elements and attributes) that is able to support at least 90% of the JATS articles found in the wild, where “wild” means several hundred thousand articles sourced from publishers directly and from PubMed Central’s vast collections.
In addition, this subset should also support the elements and attributes that have been added to JATS only recently and that are therefore unlikely to be found in large numbers within the articles analyzed. An attempt has been made to scrutinize vocabulary items that have been adopted from Green: Is the adoption merely a sign of the creeping “aquafication” of Blue that some suspect, or have these items really been missing in a more prescriptive and widely applicable journal tag set? Items that are considered important to modern publishing for several reasons – accessibility, open access, machine processability – have been included in this proposed subset. Also items that were underrepresented in the analyzed set of articles, but are considered fundamental to JATS, have been retained.
Topic-based SGML? Really?
Authors: Nordström Ari 
Published: July 2021

Topic-based technical documentation is all the rage these days, made popular by DITA and others. Topics can be integrated with the engineering data for the products both describe using nifty Product Life Management (PLM) tools that make this easier than ever. But what if you're stuck with SGML, voluntarily or involuntarily? Can you, too, bring your content into the topic-based paradigm or should you rather not?
This paper explores your options and the state of SGML in the PLM world today. It nose-dives into the ATA iSpec 2200 SGML, discusses some of the pains to implement it, and finally converts the ATA to DITA.
Interactivity Three Ways
Authors: Walsh Norman , Sperberg-McQueen C. M. 
Published: July 2021

One of the most obvious differences between documents physically printed on pages of paper and documents displayed on electronic devices is that the latter can be interactive in ways that the former cannot. More than 50 years ago, this is what convinced Ted Nelson and others that when used well computers would dramatically change our relation with text. What kinds of interactivity are possible, and to what extent interactivity adds value to a document, are challenging questions that require careful analysis.
Deciding that some specific interactive feature would add value immediately raises a new challenge: how is that feature going to be realized? In this paper, we look at three different technologies that can be used to add interactivity to a document presented on the web: “plain old JavaScript”, Saxon-JS, and XForms. We examine a specific feature and compare the differences between similar implementations across these three platforms.
The relationship between coronary artery disease and hs-troponin T changing during exercise stress test
Authors: GÜRBAK İsmail , AĞAÇ Musatafa Tarık , ÇELİK Şükrü 
Published: July 2021

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coronary artery disease and changing of high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) values during exercise stress test (EST) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
Material and Methods We included 68 patients who underwent coronary angiography after positive EST. The hs-TnT values of all patients were measured before EST and at 4 hours after EST. Patients with coronary artery stenosis of 50% or more were divided into two groups [CAD (+)] and those without [CAD (-)].hs-TnT values measured before and after EST were compared.
Results Among the 68 patients evaluated, 26 patients (39.3%) were identified as CAD (-) and 42 patients (61.7) as CAD (+).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the hs-TnT values before and after EST. There was a significant correlation between hs-TnT before exercise and pre-EST systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.313, p = 0.009) and hs-TnT before exercise and peak SBP during EST (r=0.241, p=0.038), anda also we found a correlation between hs-TnT after EST and peak SBP during EST (r = 0.398, p = 0.001). However, a strong negative correlation was found between the Duke treadmill score (DTS) calculated by the exercise test parameters and the Syntax score, which indicates the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (r =-0.521, p = 0.0001).
Conclusions As a result of our study, it was observed that hs-TnT values did not contribute to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, DTS evaluation performed before invasive coronary angiography can provide important information about coronary artery lesion complexity.
The Relationship Between HbA1c and Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non- Established Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: BAYDAR Onur 
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important cardiovascular risk factor and 50% of newly diagnosed diabetic patients have coronary artery disease. HbA1c levels in these patients have an effect on prognosis. Development of contrast agent-induced nephropathy (CIN) is common in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. In our study, the relationship between HbA1c and the development of CIN was investigated in NSTEMI patients who did not have a previous diagnosis of DM and receive treatment.
Methods: In our study, 359 (189, 52.6% male) patients who were not diagnosed with DM and did not receive treatment were retrospectively analyzed for NSTEMI diagnosis. HbA1c and creatinine values before the procedure and post-procedure creatinine values were evaluated. CIN; It was defined as an increase of 25% or 0.5 mg / dl compared to the basal value in serum creatinine measured 48-72 hours after the procedure.
Results: CIN was detected in 56 (15.6%) of all patients. Among the group with and without CIN; There was no difference between gender, amount of contrast material, pre-procedure eGFR, troponin and ejection fraction values. Only in the group with CIN, the patients were older and the number of hypertensive patients was significantly higher (Table 1). As a result of coronary angiography, medical follow-up was made for 46 (12.7%) patients, coronary stent in 271 (74.7%) and coronary bypass in 40 (11%) patients. In addition, in-hospital mortality was detected in 17 (4.7%) patients. HbA1c and fasting glucose levels were found significantly higher in the group developing CIN (6.1 ± 1.0 vs 5.5 ± 0.6, p