bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On estimating optimal regime for treatment initiation time based on restricted mean residual lifetime
Authors: Chen Xin , Song Rui , Zhang Jiajia , Adams Swann Arp , Sun Liuquan , Lu Wenbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhen to initiate treatment on patients is an important problem in many medical studies such as AIDS and cancer. In this article, we formulate the treatment initiation time problem for time‐to‐event data and propose an optimal individualized regime that determines the best treatment initiation time for individual patients based on their characteristics. Different from existing optimal treatment regimes where treatments are undertaken at a pre‐specified time, here new challenges arise from the complicated missing mechanisms in treatment initiation time data and the continuous treatment rule in terms of initiation time. To tackle these challenges, we propose to use restricted mean residual lifetime as a value function to evaluate the performance of different treatment initiation regimes, and develop a nonparametric estimator for the value function, which is consistent even when treatment initiation times are not completely observable and their distribution is unknown. We also establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator in the decision rule and its associated value function estimator. In particular, the asymptotic distribution of the estimated value function is nonstandard, which follows a weighted chi‐squared distribution. The finite‐sample performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation studies and is further illustrated with an application to a breast cancer data.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis‐like toxicity (carHLH) after CD19‐specific CAR T‐cell therapy
Authors: Hines Melissa R. , Keenan Camille , Maron Alfaro Gabriela , Cheng Cheng , Zhou Yinmei , Sharma Akshay , Hurley Caitlin , Nichols Kim E. , Gottschalk Stephen , Triplett Brandon M. , Talleur Aimee C. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryChimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR T‐cell) therapy is associated with significant toxicities secondary to immune activation, including a rare but increasingly recognised severe toxicity resembling haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (carHLH). We report the development of carHLH in 14·8% of paediatric patients and young adults treated with CD19‐specific CAR T‐cell therapy with carHLH, occurring most commonly in those with high disease burden. The diagnosis and treatment of carHLH required a high index of suspicion and included multidrug immunomodulation with variable response to therapies. Compared to patients without carHLH, patients with carHLH had both reduced response to CAR T‐cell therapy (P‐value = 0·018) and overall survival (P‐value = < 0·0001).
Management of the subluxated crystalline lens: A review
Authors: Chee Soon‐Phaik , Ti Seng‐Ei , Chan Nicole Shu‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCataract surgery for the subluxated crystalline lens is challenging. A thorough preoperative evaluation is important to determine the appropriate surgical approach for lens removal and the subsequent technique of intraocular lens placement. Important considerations include the extent and location of zonular weakness, and whether the zonular deficiency is caused by a static or progressive disease. The capsular bag should be preserved where possible. Creating a good‐sized and centred continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is crucial to facilitate the use of capsular retractors and capsular tension devices, which provide capsular stability. Nucleus sculpting and rotation should be minimised to reduce zonular stress. Being cognisant of the possible intraoperative complications that may occur at each stage of the surgery and knowing how to reduce the risk of these complications occurring will enable surgeons to perform safe cataract surgery in these complex cases.
Moving Basis Decomposition for Precomputed Light Transport
Authors: Silvennoinen Ari , Sloan Peter‐Pike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the problem of efficient representation of potentially high‐dimensional, spatially coherent signals in the context of precomputed light transport. We present a basis decomposition framework, Moving Basis Decomposition (MBD), that generalizes many existing basis expansion methods and enables high‐performance, seamless reconstruction of compressed data. We develop an algorithm for solving large‐scale MBD problems. We evaluate MBD against state‐of‐the‐art in a series of controlled experiments and describe a real‐world application, where MBD serves as the backbone of a scalable global illumination system powering multiple, current and upcoming 60Hz AAA‐titles running on a wide range of hardware platforms.
Deep Portrait Lighting Enhancement with 3D Guidance
Authors: Han Fangzhou , Wang Can , Du Hao , Liao Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite recent breakthroughs in deep learning methods for image lighting enhancement, they are inferior when applied to portraits because 3D facial information is ignored in their models. To address this, we present a novel deep learning framework for portrait lighting enhancement based on 3D facial guidance. Our framework consists of two stages. In the first stage, corrected lighting parameters are predicted by a network from the input bad lighting image, with the assistance of a 3D morphable model and a differentiable renderer. Given the predicted lighting parameter, the differentiable renderer renders a face image with corrected shading and texture, which serves as the 3D guidance for learning image lighting enhancement in the second stage. To better exploit the long‐range correlations between the input and the guidance, in the second stage, we design an image‐to‐image translation network with a novel transformer architecture, which automatically produces a lighting‐enhanced result. Experimental results on the FFHQ dataset and in‐the‐wild images show that the proposed method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of both quantitative metrics and visual quality.
Test items of 3D printed copper alloy parts based on virtual reality technology
Authors: Huo Jiaofei , Zhang Guangpeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractToday, with the rapid development of virtual reality technology, 3D printing technology has gradually gained people's attention. Copper alloy parts have a wide range of uses in our lives, but due to the high technology required, production is more difficult. In order to make copper alloy parts more widely used, this paper uses 3D printing technology to print copper alloy parts, and through comparative experiments, the printed copper alloy parts are analyzed in detail. In the printing process, by adjusting the printing parameters, different parts are printed, and the printing results are analyzed for different parameters. The experimental results show that the experimental 3D printing technology can successfully print copper alloy parts. During the printing process, the input parameters have an extremely important effect on the results. The experimental results show that there are related parameters in the printing process, such as layer height, length, density, etc., which will cause deviations in the printing results. Among them, the layer height and length have the most important effect on the results, accounting for more than 50% of the deviation value. This shows that based on virtual reality technology, the use of 3D printing copper alloy parts is achievable.
An ontology matching approach for semantic modeling: A case study in smart cities
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Belhadi Hiba , Akli‐Astouati Karima , Cano Alberto , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the semantic modeling of smart cities and proposes two ontology matching frameworks, called Clustering for Ontology Matching‐based Instances (COMI) and Pattern mining for Ontology Matching‐based Instances (POMI). The goal is to discover the relevant knowledge by investigating the correlations among smart city data based on clustering and pattern mining approaches. The COMI method first groups the highly correlated ontologies of smart‐city data into similar clusters using the generic k‐means algorithm. The key idea of this method is that it clusters the instances of each ontology and then matches two ontologies by matching their clusters and the corresponding instances within the clusters. The POMI method studies the correlations among the data properties and selects the most relevant properties for the ontology matching process. To demonstrate the usefulness and accuracy of the COMI and POMI frameworks, several experiments on the DBpedia, Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative, and NOAA ontology databases were conducted. The results show that COMI and POMI outperform the state‐of‐the‐art ontology matching models regarding computational cost without losing the quality during the matching process. Furthermore, these results confirm the ability of COMI and POMI to deal with heterogeneous large‐scale data in smart‐city environments.
Deep learning for breast cancer classification: Enhanced tangent function
Authors: Thapa Ashu , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P. W. C. , Bajaj Simi , Alsadoon Omar Hisham , Rashid Tarik A. , Ali Rasha S. , Jerew Oday D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently, deep learning using convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used successfully to classify the images of breast cells accurately. However, the accuracy of manual classification of those histopathological images is comparatively low. This research aims to increase the accuracy of the classification of breast cancer images by utilizing a patch‐based classifier (PBC) along with deep learning architecture. The proposed system consists of a deep convolutional neural network that helps in enhancing and increasing the accuracy of the classification process. This is done by the use of the PBC. CNN has completely different layers where images are first fed through convolutional layers using hyperbolic tangent function together with the max‐pooling layer, drop out layers, and SoftMax function for classification. Further, the output obtained is fed to a PBC that consists of patch‐wise classification output followed by majority voting. The results are obtained throughout the classification stage for breast cancer images that are collected from breast‐histology datasets. The proposed solution improves the accuracy of classification whether or not the images had normal, benign, in‐situ, or invasive carcinoma from 87% to 94% with a decrease in processing time from 0.45 to 0.2 s on average. The proposed solution focused on increasing the accuracy of classifying cancer in the breast by enhancing the image contrast and reducing the vanishing gradient. Finally, this solution for the implementation of the contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization technique and modified tangent function helps in increasing the accuracy.
Kenya’s informal milk markets and the regulation–reality gap
Authors: Blackmore Emma , Guarin Alejandro , Vorley William , Alonso Silvia , Grace Delia 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMotivationAround 80% of milk in Kenya is marketed informally, providing livelihoods and contributing to the food security and nutrition of low‐income consumers. Government policy, however, is focused on formalization—primarily through licensing and pasteurization—with enforcement via fines, confiscation of milk, or closing the premises of informal actors.PurposeThis article seeks to better understand if, and why, Kenya’s informal milk sector and regulatory system are disconnected from one another and how the policy–reality gap might be better bridged.Methods and approachTo understand the nature and performance of Kenya’s informal milk markets and their governance, we used a mix of research methods and data sources, including surveys with informal market players, and key informant interviews with key sector stakeholders. Fieldwork was carried out in Nairobi in late 2018.FindingsMilk safety and quality matters to all actors in informal milk value chains. The trust‐based system used is effective in moderating behaviours and assessing and prioritizing quality and safety. Government policy is not accomplishing the stated goal of formalization: licensing levels remain low among informal actors. Pasteurization is not rewarded in the market. There is some evidence of suboptimal pasteurization processes being undertaken to satisfy regulators. There is a gap between the reality of Kenya’s informal milk sector and its regulatory system.Policy implicationsThe regulation–reality gap manifests itself as adversarial relationships between regulators and informal actors, and unnecessary transaction costs, missing opportunities for enhancing livelihoods, food safety, and food security. New approaches should build on and consider existing approaches taken by actors in informal food markets to ensure food safety and quality. Policy‐makers should seek to communicate more effectively with informal actors and engage in more constructive dialogue on inclusive ways forward.
Applying the peak‐end rule to decision‐making regarding similar products: A case‐based decision approach
Authors: Kinjo Keita , Ebina Takeshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a marketing decision support system (DSS) for firms using case‐based and peak‐end approaches to model consumers. The proposed DSS is composed of model and estimation methods. We employ a similarity function used in case‐based decision theory to examine the degree of similarity between the past and current products offered to a consumer. The contributions of this study are as follows: First, by extending the peak‐end approach, the proposed model could be utilized to analyse not only the same product but also multiple similar products. The DSS could be applied to a broad range of decision problems. Second, by extending the case‐based decision model, our DSS considerably reduces the number of computational operations needed. Third, the model demonstrated the best fit among the compared models and possessed high prediction accuracy when analysing the viewing data for Japanese television dramas. The DSS could increase the future purchase probability of a product. Our research bridges two significant concepts: case‐based decision models in DSSs and peak‐end rules in behavioural economics.
Contrasting temporal variations in responses of leaf unfolding to daytime and nighttime warming
Authors: Wang Jinmei , Xi Zhenxiang , He Xujian , Chen Shanshan , Rossi Sergio , Smith Nicholas G. , Liu Jianquan , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarlier spring phenological events have been widely reported in plants under global warming. Recent studies reported a slowdown in the warming‐induced advanced spring phenology in temperate regions. However, previous research mainly focused on daily mean temperature, thus neglecting the asymmetric phenological responses to daytime and nighttime temperature. Using long‐term records of leaf unfolding in eight deciduous species at 1300 sites across central Europe, we assessed and compared the effects of daytime temperature, nighttime temperature, and photoperiod on leaf unfolding during 1951–1980 and 1981–2013. Although leaf unfolding was advanced by daytime warming during 1951–2013, the advancing responses of leaf unfolding significantly decreased from 1951–1980 to 1981–2013 due to a lower accumulation of chilling units by daytime warming. Nighttime warming delayed leaf unfolding during 1951–1980 but advanced it during 1981–2013 due to a higher accumulation of chilling units by nighttime warming. In contrast, critical daylength and plasticity of leaf unfolding dates remained unchanged between 1951 and 2013. Our study provided evidence that daytime warming instead of nighttime warming accounts for the slowdown in the advancing spring phenology and implied that nighttime warming‐induced earlier spring phenology may be buffering the slowdown of the advanced spring phenology by daytime warming. The response of spring phenology to nighttime temperature may override that to daytime temperature under the actual trends in global warming.
Polyporous PVDF/TiO2 photocatalytic composites for photocatalyst fixation, recycle, and repair
Authors: Sun Xi‐xi , Liu Gang , Li Ruichen , Meng Yan , Wu Jiagang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn investigation into photocatalysts mainly focuses on inorganic powders, and their fixation, recycle, and repair in an open and flowing environment remains a problem. Herein, the photocatalytic property of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is utilized to solve this problem. It can be facilely recycled and repaired because of the form of membrane, and porous structure ensures its sufficient contact with pollutants. In addition, its photocatalytic activity can be effectively modified by compositing TiO2 nanopowder, which performs better photocatalytic activity than equivalent content TiO2 powder, originated from the enhanced separation efficiency of electron and hole resulting from the extra driving force maybe generated by PVDF's ferroelectric spontaneous polarization and heterojunction structure, which reduces the recombination of charge carriers. In addition, the pore structure with large density and small size provides more reaction area for the composite structure, which also benefits for the enhancement of photocatalytic activities. Tight combination between PVDF and TiO2 guarantees the stable activity of the composites under flowing environment, and so PVDF/TiO2 composite can sustain its initial photocatalytic activity after at least 10 times cycles. More importantly, when the membrane is damaged, it can be easily repaired by the cost of a small quantity of solvent and can maintain its initial photocatalytic activity. This work would promote the understanding of physical mechanisms of enhanced photocatalytic activities, and recycle and repair properties in PVDF‐xTiO2 composites.
Regional and sex differences in spontaneous striatal dopamine transmission
Authors: Brundage James N. , Mason Colin P. , Wadsworth Hillary A. , Finuf Chris S. , Nelson Josh J. , Ronström P. Joakim W. , Jones Sara R. , Siciliano Cody A. , Steffensen Scott C. , Yorgason Jordan T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStriatal dopamine release is key for learning and motivation and is composed of subregions including the dorsal striatum (DS), nucleus accumbens core, and the nucleus accumbens shell. Spontaneously occurring dopamine release was compared across these subregions. Dopamine release/uptake dynamics differ across striatal subregions, with dopamine transient release amplitude and release frequency greatest in male mice, and the largest signals observed in the DS. Surprisingly, female mice exhibited little regional differences in dopamine release for DS and nucleus accumbens core regions, but lower release in the nucleus accumbens shell. Blocking voltage‐gated K+ channel (Kv channels) with 4‐aminopyridine enhanced dopamine detection without affecting reuptake. The 4‐aminopyridine effects were greatest in ventral regions of female mice, suggesting regional differences in Kv channel expression. The dopamine transporter blocker cocaine also enhanced detection across subregions in both sexes, with greater overall increased release in females than males. Thus, sex differences in dopamine transmission are apparent and likely include differences in the Kv channel and dopamine transporter function. The lack of regional differences in dopamine release observed in females indicates differential regulation of spontaneous and evoked dopamine release.
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The quality of clinical trials in neuroendocrine tumours; have we learnt from our mistakes? An evaluation of phase II and phase III clinical trials
Authors: Hayes Aimee R. , Chan David L. H. , Chan Bryan A. , Pavlakis Nick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe quality and reporting of neuroendocrine tumour (NET) clinical trials has previously been found to be heterogeneous impairing trial interpretability. We aimed to perform an updated review of the quality of phase II/III clinical trials in NET to assess if trial design and reporting have improved since 2011. We performed a PubMed search for phase II/III trials evaluating systemic anticancer therapies or liver‐directed therapies published between 2011 and 2018. Data collected comprised administrative data, study population characteristics, endpoints, reporting and statistical design parameters, and results. Sixty studies were included (5218 patients): 50 phase II and 10 phase III trials. Study populations were heterogeneous: 52% of trials allowed tumours from various primary sites, 28% allowed both well‐ and poorly‐differentiated tumour morphology or did not specify, and 57% did not report proliferative indices and/or tumour grade in ≥80% of the study population. Only 36% of trials mandated radiological disease progression on participant enrolment using a validated measure. Statistical design and primary endpoint were clearly defined in 67% and 88% of trials, respectively. Toxicity (88%), radiological response rate (85%) and progression‐free survival/time to progression (82%) were well reported in a majority of trials, but health‐related quality of life was included in the minority. Of the randomised trials (n = 11), study populations were more homogeneous and study design was more often clearly defined; however, only 45% mandated radiological progression at baseline as measured per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours, and reporting of health‐related quality of life (55%) remained suboptimal. The design and reporting of NET clinical trials, predominantly of single‐arm phase II trials, remains suboptimal and has not considerably improved over time despite the growth in our knowledge of the biology and unique characteristics of NETs. Higher quality is seen in randomised trials, although certain design and reporting elements remain inadequate in some studies. We must prioritise the design and conduct of NET clinical trials to effectively inform future research and guide practice change.
Effectiveness of a cosmetic device containing a combination of alpha‐ and beta‐hydroxy acids, urea, and thuja for the treatment of seborrheic keratoses
Authors: Campione Elena , Cosio Terenzio , Di Prete Monia , Piccolo Arianna , Lanna Caterina , Lombardo Paolo , Diluvio Laura , Dika Emi , Baciorri Francesca , Orlandi Augusto , Bianchi Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeborrheic keratosis is a benign epidermal tumor of cosmetic concern—as it progressively increases in size, thickness, and pigmentation—on which topical treatments are poorly effective. Considering its keratotic component, effective products may include active principles with keratolytic action.AimsEvaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a topical cosmetic product with urea and hydroxy acids, in the treatment of seborrheic keratoses.Patients and MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled in an observational, prospective, open‐label study. The topical device was applied on seborrheic keratoses twice daily for 30 days. We evaluated the progression of the treatment by clinical examination—using Daily Life Quality Index—and epiluminescence microscopy at baseline and day 30.ResultsAfter 30 days of treatment, we documented a significant reduction in seborrheic keratosis thickness and number, which was confirmed also by epiluminescence microscopy. On day 30, global Daily Life Quality Index improved by 99.95%. The tolerability of the cosmetic device was considered excellent, according to 19/20 subjects (95%).ConclusionsThe results of our study showed the efficacy and tolerability of this cosmetic device. Its active compounds favor gradual removal of seborrheic keratoses, even in case of pigmented variants. This non‐invasive treatment represents an alternative to surgical procedures, mainly for fragile patients and delicate skin areas. It is possible to speculate its usefulness in the topical treatment of circumscribed hyperkeratosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, and thick psoriatic plaques.