bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Shape and Size of Personal Space of a Human when Passed by a Robot
Authors: Neggers Margot M. E. , Cuijpers Raymond H. , Ruijten Peter A. M. , IJsselsteijn Wijnand A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutonomous mobile robots that operate in environments with people are expected to be able to deal with human proxemics and social distances. Previous research investigated how robots can approach persons or how to implement human-aware navigation algorithms. However, experimental research on how robots can avoid a person in a comfortable way is largely missing. The aim of the current work is to experimentally determine the shape and size of personal space of a human passed by a robot. In two studies, both a humanoid as well as a non-humanoid robot were used to pass a person at different sides and distances, after which they were asked to rate their perceived comfort. As expected, perceived comfort increases with distance. However, the shape was not circular: passing at the back of a person is more uncomfortable compared to passing at the front, especially in the case of the humanoid robot. These results give us more insight into the shape and size of personal space in human–robot interaction. Furthermore, they can serve as necessary input to human-aware navigation algorithms for autonomous mobile robots in which human comfort is traded off with efficiency goals.
Institutional and farm-level challenges limiting the diffusion of new varieties from public and CGIAR centers: The case of wheat in Morocco
Authors: Yigezu Yigezu A. , Bishaw Zewdie , Niane Abdoul Aziz , Alwang Jeffrey , El-Shater Tamer , Boughlala Mohamed , Aw-Hassan Aden , Tadesse Wuletaw , Bassi Filippo M. , Amri Ahmed , Baum Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow adoption of agricultural technologies slows efforts to increase agricultural productivity and enhance rural livelihoods in developing countries. A large body of literature has sought explanations for the problem, but the focus has been mainly on micro-level farm and community factors affecting adoption. Institutional factors such as policies and market conditions, which are also important, have been largely overlooked and, few, if any, studies combine the two levels of analysis. We use Morocco as a case study to analyze institutional and farm-level factors affecting diffusion and adoption of improved wheat varieties. Results show both sides to be important. Institutional factors such as overly stringent variety testing procedures, imbalance of power among actors in the seed sector and ill-conceived variety licensing contracts limit access to seeds of more recently released varieties. Adoption of older new varieties is found to be affected by farm and farmer characteristics, but imperfect access to new seeds, sometimes associated with the failings identified above, is also a constraint. Findings signal the need for increased private engagement in seed multiplication; revised variety testing procedures; alternative royalty mechanisms; and enhanced linkages between public research and private seed companies.
Did Human Culture Emerge in a Cultural Evolutionary Transition in Individuality?
Authors: Davison Dinah R. , Andersson Claes , Michod Richard E. , Kuhn Steven L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvolutionary Transitions in Individuality (ETI) have been responsible for the major transitions in levels of selection and individuality in natural history, such as the origins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms, and eusocial insects. The integrated hierarchical organization of life thereby emerged as groups of individuals repeatedly evolved into new and more complex kinds of individuals. The Social Protocell Hypothesis (SPH) proposes that the integrated hierarchical organization of human culture can also be understood as the outcome of an ETI—one that produced a “cultural organism” (a “sociont”) from a substrate of socially learned traditions that were contained in growing and dividing social communities. The SPH predicts that a threshold degree of evolutionary individuality would have been achieved by 2.0–2.5 Mya, followed by an increasing degree of evolutionary individuality as the ETI unfolded. We here assess the SPH by applying a battery of criteria—developed to assess evolutionary individuality in biological units—to cultural units across the evolutionary history ofHomo.We find an increasing agreement with these criteria, which buttresses the claim that an ETI occurred in the cultural realm.
Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation Status in Cervical Cancer Patients Compared with Women Without Cervical Cancer in Bangladesh
Authors: Nigar Taslima , Goodman Annekathryn , Pervin Shahana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Over the past several decades, research has suggested reactive oxygen species act as cofactors for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh.

Methods
From December 2017 to 2018, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 cervical cancer patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. The Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were taken as a level of significance.

Results
There was a significant reduction in total antioxidant levels in patients with cervical cancer, 972.77 ± 244.22 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L, compared to normal controls, 1720.13 ± 150.81 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L (P < 0.001). Levels of lipid peroxidation were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer, 7.49 ± 2.13 SD µmol/L, than in women without cervical cancer, 3.28 ± 0.58 SD µmol/L (P < 0.001). The cervical cancer patients had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress index (0.83 ± 0.31) in comparison to controls (0.19 ± 0.04) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
There was an increased oxidative stress index due to imbalance between lipid peroxidation generation and total antioxidant capacity in cervical cancer patients. Further studies are needed to explore the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis.
A Picasso paper collage of 1913–14: assessment of fragility and sensitivity to light
Authors: Townsend Joyce H. , Fox Charity , Sacher Betty 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe construction and present condition of Picasso’s Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass, Guitar and Newspaper 1913, in the Tate collection since 1961, are described. Technical examination, materials analysis and microfading have been carried out on both the support and the collage elements, which include handmade paper, two elements made from broderie anglaise pattern pieces ironed onto paper, damaged water-resistant flock wallpaper and old newsprint. These indicate that the collage is not poorly constructed, but is sensitive to light as was expected, especially the support, pattern pieces and wallpaper. Based on the microfading, the current display recommendation for light exposure is 12 months in 4 years, which is half the exposure recommended for typical works on paper at Tate, at 50–80 lx without ultraviolet light.
Assessment of spatio-temporal variability of rainfall and mean air temperature over Ardabil province, Iran
Authors: Ghorbani Mohammad Ali , Mahmoud Alilou Saba , Javidan Sahar , Naganna Sujay Raghavendra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecipitation and temperature are the most important climate parameters, which vary both spatially and temporally. In the present study, rainfall data of 11 synoptic stations and 40 rain gauge stations and mean air temperature data of 11 synoptic stations of Ardabil province for the period 2009–2019 collected from the Meteorological Organization of Ardabil province, were considered for investigation. The descriptive statistics of rainfall and temperature such as mean, median, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis were analyzed for monthly scale data. A higher coefficient of variation signified a greater degree of variation in precipitation and temperature data across different months. To evaluate the temporal stability over several months, Pearson linear correlation analysis at a significance level of 5% was performed for each variable. Kriging geostatistical estimator and GIS interface (ArcMap 10.4.1) were used for spatial interpolation with the aid of root mean square and SRMS standards. The results revealed that the spatial variation of temperature was greater than that of precipitation.
The Downregulation of Placental Lumican Promotes the Progression of Preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Chao , Hu Yulian , Wang Zhongying , Pan Hua , Ren Yan , Li Xiao , Liu Zhiqiang , Gao Huijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple pieces of evidence illustrate that impaired trophoblast function results in preeclampsia (PE), and migration/invasion of human trophoblast cells is stringently regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Many studies have indicated abnormal expressions of placental ECM components are associated with preeclampsia. However, the change and influence of lumican, a vital member of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, on trophoblast cells during preeclampsia remain unclear. This study examines the possibility that the roles of lumican in trophoblast cells contribute to PE. To address this issue, the expression of lumican in human placental tissues was observed using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot technology. After the HTR-8/SVneo cell line was transfected with pcDNA3.1-human lumican, pGPU6-human lumican shRNA, and their negative controls, the impact of lumican on the HTR-8/SVneo cell line was investigated. Lumican was expressed in human placental tissues. Compared with the control group, its expression was significantly lower in PE placentas. Lumican downregulation inhibited cell proliferation significantly and reduced Bcl-2 expression, but increased P53 expression. These results indicate that the downregulation of placental lumican may drive PE development via promoting the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and upregulation of P53.
Institutional stakeholders’ perceptions of a sustainable neighbourhood in metropolitan Lagos
Authors: Adewumi Ayomikun S. , Onyango Vincent , Moyo Dumiso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the term urban sustainability continues to dominate discourse in the built environment as societies explore how cities can be considered sustainable. Due to the increasing rate of urbanization, scholars argue that the battle for sustainability will be won or lost in cities; recognizing the crucial role that neighbourhoods can play as building blocks of urban areas. However, while the context-specificity of the several approaches to sustainability at the neighbourhood level has been recognised, no single accepted understanding of a sustainable neighbourhood has emerged. This paper explores institutional stakeholders’ understanding of a sustainable neighbourhood using questionnaire data from metropolitan Lagos. This aligns with the critical realism philosophical stance which believes that knowledge can be sourced through the perception of people with respect to an underlying structure based on their reality. The findings show variations in the perceptions with institutions having similar responsibilities differing in their understanding of the concept. It was unclear why a single common understanding was missing and why certain elements were more emphasised than others even in institutions having similar roles. Further research should explore the mechanisms at play in influencing these understandings and how they may differ in various urban contexts in Sub-Sahara Africa.
Analytical modelling and UK Government policy
Authors: Oldfield Marie , Haig Ella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, the UK Government has attempted to implement improved processes and procedures in modelling and analysis in response to the Laidlaw report of 2012 and the Macpherson review of 2013. The Laidlaw report was commissioned after failings during the Intercity West Coast Rail (ICWC) Franchise procurement exercise by the Department for Transport (DfT) that led to a legal challenge of the analytical models used within the exercise. The Macpherson review looked into the quality assurance of Government analytical models in the context of the experience with the Intercity West Coast franchise competition. This paper examines what progress has been made in the 8 years since the Laidlaw report in model building and best practise in government and proposes several recommendations for ways forward. This paper also discusses the Lords Science and Technology Committees of June 2020 that analysed the failings in the modelling of COVID. Despite going on to influence policy, many of the same issues raised within the Laidlaw and Macpherson Reports were also present in the Lords Science and Technology Committee enquiry. We examine the technical and organisational challenges to progress in this area and make recommendations for a way forward.
Repositioning an embolised stent during a percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
Authors: Faim Diogo , Silva Patrícia Vaz , Marinho Joana Castro , Francisco Andreia , Luis Zunzunegui José , Pires António 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPercutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is a less invasive procedure to treat right outflow tract dysfunction related to surgical procedures such as repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Despite the lower risks, complications have been reported, namely embolisation of the pre-stent. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy, whose procedure was complicated by embolisation of the pre-stents and the strategy used to reimplant them, prior to the successful implantation of a pulmonary valve.
How (not) to cross a boundary: Crosslinguistic influence in simultaneous bilingual children's event construal
Authors: Engemann Helen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimultaneous bilingual children sometimes display crosslinguistic influence (CLI), widely attested in the domain of morphosyntax. It remains less clear whether CLI affects bilinguals’ event construal, what motivates its occurrence and directionality, and how developmentally persistent it is. The present study tested predictions generated by the structural overlap hypothesis and the co-activation account in the motion event domain. 96 English–French bilingual children of two age groups and 96 age-matched monolingual English and French controls were asked to describe animated videos displaying voluntary motion events. Semantic encoding in main verbs showed bidirectional CLI. Unidirectional CLI affected French path encoding in the verbal periphery and was predicted by the presence of boundary-crossing, despite the absence of structural overlap. Furthermore, CLI increased developmentally in the French data. It is argued that these findings reflect highly dynamic co-activation patterns sensitive to the requirements of the task and to language-specific challenges in the online production process.
What makes the psychosis ‘clinical high risk’ state risky: psychosis itself or the co-presence of a non-psychotic disorder?
Authors: Hasmi Laila , Pries Lotta-Katrin , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Bak Maarten , Kenis Gunter , Richards Alexander , Lin Bochao D. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Luykx Jurjen J. , Rutten Bart P.F. , Guloksuz Sinan , van Os Jim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Although attenuated psychotic symptoms in the psychosis clinical high-risk state (CHR-P) almost always occur in the context of a non-psychotic disorder (NPD), NPD is considered an undesired ‘comorbidity’ epiphenomenon rather than an integral part of CHR-P itself. Prospective work, however, indicates that much more of the clinical psychosis incidence is attributable to prior mood and drug use disorders than to psychosis clinical high-risk states per se. In order to examine this conundrum, we analysed to what degree the ‘risk’ in CHR-P is indexed by co-present NPD rather than attenuated psychosis per se.

Methods
We examined the incidence of early psychotic experiences (PE) with and without NPD (mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol/drug use disorders), in a prospective general population cohort (n = 6123 at risk of incident PE at baseline). Four interview waves were conducted between 2007 and 2018 (NEMESIS-2). The incidence of PE, alone (PE-only) or with NPD (PE + NPD) was calculated, as were differential associations with schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS-Sz), environmental, demographical, clinical and cognitive factors.

Results
The incidence of PE + NPD (0.37%) was lower than the incidence of PE-only (1.04%), representing around a third of the total yearly incidence of PE. Incident PE + NPD was, in comparison with PE-only, differentially characterised by poor functioning, environmental risks, PRS-Sz, positive family history, prescription of antipsychotic medication and (mental) health service use.

Conclusions
The risk in ‘clinical high risk’ states is mediated not by attenuated psychosis per se but specifically the combination of attenuated psychosis and NPD. CHR-P/APS research should be reconceptualised from a focus on attenuated psychotic symptoms with exclusion of non-psychotic DSM-disorders, as the ‘pure' representation of a supposedly homotypic psychosis risk state, towards a focus on poor-outcome NPDs, characterised by a degree of psychosis admixture, on the pathway to psychotic disorder outcomes.
How Do Fractures Influence Hyporheic Exchange in Sedimentary Rock Riverbeds?
Authors: Chow R. , Parker B. L. , Steelman C. M. , Thoms A. , Nowak W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBedrock rivers represent a hydrogeological environment in which surface water flows along an exposed bedrock surface. Studies of hyporheic exchange have exclusively involved rivers composed of unconsolidated fluvial sediments, leaving a critical knowledge gap. This study evaluates the conditions that could support bedform‐scale hyporheic exchange within a fractured sedimentary bedrock river based on field data collected near Guelph, Canada. Hyporheic exchange at the bedform‐scale was evaluated by numerically modeling the migration of a conservative solute tracer through a bedrock riverbed within a two‐dimensional vertical cross‐section along the flow direction. A stochastic discrete fracture‐matrix framework was developed to represent measured subsurface fractured bedrock properties, producing a probabilistic distribution of potential hyporheic exchange pathways. Flow and transport model results indicate that: (a) bedform‐scale hyporheic exchange within a bedrock river exists with high fluid flow velocities in fractures, yet long solute residence times due to diffusion across the fracture‐matrix boundary; (b) the coincidence of fractures and hydrodynamic head gradients across the riverbed controls the spatial extent of bedform‐scale hyporheic exchange; and (c) the potential variability in hyporheic exchange residence time is large (i.e., tens of years) due to the inherent variability in facture network properties. Our field‐based numerical study indicates that the average (median) residence time may not be a good proxy for the potential natural attenuation capacity of a fractured sedimentary bedrock riverbed and that hyporheic exchange has the potential to emplace surface water contaminants within the fractured porous rock matrix that could become a long‐term source of trace contaminants.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in the mouse olfactory system
Authors: Ye Qing , Zhou Jia , He Qi , Li Rui-Ting , Yang Guan , Zhang Yao , Wu Shu-Jia , Chen Qi , Shi Jia-Hui , Zhang Rong-Rong , Zhu Hui-Ming , Qiu Hong-Ying , Zhang Tao , Deng Yong-Qiang , Li Xiao-Feng , Liu Jian-Feng , Xu Ping , Yang Xiao , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in humans, and olfactory dysfunction is one of the most predictive and common symptoms in COVID-19 patients. However, the underlying mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to olfactory disorders remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 induces robust viral replication in the olfactory epithelium (OE), not the olfactory bulb (OB), resulting in transient olfactory dysfunction in humanized ACE2 (hACE2) mice. The sustentacular cells and Bowman’s gland cells in the OE were identified as the major target cells of SARS-CoV-2 before invasion into olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers massive cell death and immune cell infiltration and directly impairs the uniformity of the OE structure. Combined transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses revealed the induction of antiviral and inflammatory responses, as well as the downregulation of olfactory receptor (OR) genes in the OE from the infected animals. Overall, our mouse model recapitulates olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and provides critical clues for understanding the physiological basis for extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy: their impact on epigenetics
Authors: Reichetzeder Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide. Consequently, the number of obesity in pregnancy has risen drastically. Gestational overweight and obesity are associated with impaired outcomes for mother and child. Furthermore, studies show that maternal obesity can lead to long-term consequences in the offspring, increasing the risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease in later life. In addition to genetic mechanisms, mounting evidence demonstrates the induction of epigenetic alterations by maternal obesity, which can affect the offspring’s phenotype, thereby influencing the later risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Clear evidence in this regard comes from various animal models of maternal obesity. Evidence derived from clinical studies remains limited. The current article gives an overview of pathophysiological changes associated with maternal obesity and their consequences on placental structure and function. Furthermore, a short excurse is given on epigenetic mechanisms and emerging data regarding a putative interaction between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, a summary of important findings of animal and clinical studies investigating maternal obesity-related epigenetic effects is presented also addressing current limitations of clinical studies.
A nonS-locus F-box gene breaks self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes
Authors: Ma Ling , Zhang Chunzhi , Zhang Bo , Tang Fei , Li Futing , Liao Qinggang , Tang Die , Peng Zhen , Jia Yuxin , Gao Meng , Guo Han , Zhang Jinzhe , Luo Xuming , Yang Huiqin , Gao Dongli , Lucas William J. , Li Canhui , Huang Sanwen , Shang Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPotato is the third most important staple food crop. To address challenges associated with global food security, a hybrid potato breeding system, aimed at converting potato from a tuber-propagated tetraploid crop into a seed-propagated diploid crop through crossing inbred lines, is under development. However, given that most diploid potatoes are self-incompatible, this represents a major obstacle which needs to be addressed in order to develop inbred lines. Here, we report on a self-compatible diploid potato, RH89-039-16 (RH), which can efficiently induce a mating transition from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility, when crossed to self-incompatible lines. We identify the S-locusinhibitor (Sli) gene in RH, capable of interacting with multiple allelic variants of the pistil-specific S-ribonucleases (S-RNases). Further, Sli gene functions like a general S-RNase inhibitor, to impart SC to RH and other self-incompatible potatoes. Discovery of Sli now offers a path forward for the diploid hybrid breeding program.