bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior ofPrunus persicaas Green and Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Guadalupe Valladares Cisneros María , Rodríguez Torres Adriana , Saldaña-Hereida Alonso , Osvaldo Salinas-Sánchez David 
Published: June 2021

Prunus persica (peach) is a delicious and juicy fruit, making a valuable and healthy food. P. persica is an interesting specie that have been studied in different ways, one of them is as green corrosion inhibitor to protect metals. From this specie, it has been studied as juice, seeds, pomace of fruit and leaves on alloy steels immersed in acids (HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4) and salts (NaCl, Na2SO4). This chapter explains briefly global importance of corrosion, how corrosion occurs and how to protect metals with corrosion inhibitors, including examples about the studies of green corrosion inhibitors and the results of Prunus species. The phytochemicals mixture was extracted from different tissues of peach (leaves, fruits, seeds, peels, and pomace) through different methods. All these extracts were studied to protect steel alloys immersed in different aggressive environments (acids and salts) and showed good and high corrosion inhibitions using low quantities of phytoextract (0.5 g/L) as corrosion inhibitors reaching more than 87% of corrosion inhibition efficiencies. Leaves of P. persica containing flavonoids like fruits and is possible to use leaves or pomace to produce green corrosion inhibitors.
Effects of Typical Athletic Shoes on Postural Balance According to Foot Type
Authors: Yi Tae Im , Kim Kee Hoon , Choe Yeo Reum , Kim Sung Heon , Kim Joo Sup , Hwang Ji Hye 
Published: June 2021

Background
The effects of shoes and foot type on balance are unclear. We aimed to investigate the differences between static and dynamic balance among three foot types and the changes in postural balance while wearing typical athletic shoes.

Methods
Based on the Foot Posture Index, the feet of 39 participants were classified as pronated, neutral, or supinated by a physiatrist. Static and dynamic balance function were assessed by center of gravity (COG) sway velocity with eyes open and eyes closed and a modified Star Excursion Balance Test in a random order with participants either barefoot or wearing shoes.

Results
The COG sway velocity was significantly higher in the supinated foot group than in the neutral foot group (barefoot: eyes open, P = .004, eyes closed, P = .001). Normalized composite reach distance (NCRD) was significantly lower in the pronated and supinated foot groups (barefoot: P = .039, P = .008; shoes: P = .018, P = .018). In all three foot type groups, COG sway velocity was significantly decreased (P < .05) and NCRD was significantly increased (P < .05) while wearing typical athletic shoes.

Conclusions
The medial longitudinal arch of the foot affects postural balance. Typical athletic shoes improve postural balance regardless of foot type. However, the pronated and supinated foot groups still had lower dynamic postural balance compared with the neutral foot group, even when wearing athletic shoes. People with pronated and supinated feet may need additional interventions, such as foot orthoses or balance training.
Tailoring Ordered Mesoporous Titania Films via Introducing Germanium Nanocrystals for Enhanced Electron Transfer Photoanodes for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Li Nian , Guo Renjun , Chen Wei , Körstgens Volker , Heger Julian E. , Liang Suzhe , Brett Calvin J. , Hossain Md Asjad , Zheng Jianshu , Deimel Peter S. , Buyruk Ali , Allegretti Francesco , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Veinot Jonathan G. C. , Schmitz Guido , Barth Johannes V. , Ameri Tayebeh , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased on a diblock‐copolymer templated sol–gel synthesis, germanium nanocrystals (GeNCs) are introduced to tailor mesoporous titania (TiO2) films for obtaining more efficient anodes for photovoltaic applications. After thermal annealing in air, the hybrid films with different GeNC content are investigated and compared with films undergoing an argon atmosphere annealing. The surface and inner morphologies of the TiO2/GeOx nanocomposite films are probed via scanning electron microscopy and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The crystal phase, chemical composition, and optical properties of the nanocomposite films are examined with transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Special focus is set on the air‐annealed nanocomposite films since they hold greater promise for photovoltaics. Specifically, the charge–carrier dynamics of these air‐annealed nanocomposite films are studied, and it is found that, compared with pristine TiO2 photoanodes, the GeNC addition enhances the electron transfer, yielding an increase in the short‐circuit photocurrent density of exemplary perovskite solar cells and thus, an enhanced device efficiency as well as a significantly reduced hysteresis.
Recent Progress on Perovskite Surfaces and Interfaces in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Luo Deying , Li Xiaoyue , Dumont Antoine , Yu Hongyu , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurfaces and heterojunction interfaces, where defects and energy levels dictate charge‐carrier dynamics in optoelectronic devices, are critical for unlocking the full potential of perovskite semiconductors. In this progress report, chemical structures of perovskite surfaces are discussed and basic physical rules for the band alignment are summarized at various perovskite interfaces. Common perovskite surfaces are typically decorated by various compositional and structural defects such as residual surface reactants, discrete nanoclusters, reactions by products, vacancies, interstitials, antisites, etc. Some of these surface species induce deep‐level defect states in the forbidden band forming very harmful charge‐carrier traps and affect negatively the interface band alignments for achieving optimal device performance. Herein, an overview of research progresses on surface and interface engineering is provided to minimize deep‐level defect states. The reviewed subjects include selection of interface and substrate buffer layers for growing better crystals, materials and processing methods for surface passivation, the surface catalyst for microstructure transformations, organic semiconductors for charge extraction or injection, heterojunctions with wide bandgap perovskites or nanocrystals for mitigating defects, and electrode interlayer for preventing interdiffusion and reactions. These surface and interface engineering strategies are shown to be critical in boosting device performance for both solar cells and light‐emitting diodes.
The Role of the Atmosphere on the Photophysics of Ligand‐Free Lead‐Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Morán‐Pedroso María , Rubino Andrea , Calvo Mauricio E. , Espinós Juan P. , Galisteo‐López Juan F. , Míguez Hernán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have gained attention over the past decade due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, making them a suitable material for efficient photovoltaic and light emitting devices. Due to its soft nature, these nanostructures undergo strong structural changes upon irradiation, where these light‐induced processes are strongly influenced by the environment. Since most processing routes for LHP NCs are based on colloidal approaches, the role of factors such as stabilizing ligands or solvents is usually hard to disentangle from the interaction of external radiation with the perovskite material. Employing a recently proposed synthetic approach, where ligand‐free NCs can be grown within metal‐oxide‐based insulating nanoporous matrices, it has been feasible to perform a clean study of the effect of the surrounding atmosphere on the photophysical properties of perovskite NCs, avoiding the interference of protective capping layers or solvents. Simultaneous light‐induced photo‐activation and darkening processes are monitored and disentangled, and their relation with bulk and surface processes, respectively, demonstrated.
Patternable and Rewritable Retroreflective Structural Color Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Ji Cuiping , Chen Min , Wu Limin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlmost all the shape memory structural color materials are based on the photonic crystal color mechanism, and there remain great challenges such as iridescent colors, hard fabrication, etc. Herein, a new kind of shape memory retroreflective structural color film (SMRSCF) is fabricated through the “two‐template” method, based on the mechanisms of retroreflection and interference combined with total internal reflection. Different from photonic crystal color shape memory materials, this new SMRSCF displays brilliant monochromatic, polychromatic, complex, and stitched patterns, respectively, depending upon the flexibly customized templates. The shape memory polymers can further endow the film with excellent reusability and rewritability. This SMRSCF and its fabrication method provide a new design strategy to construct shape memory structural color materials.
Ultrasound‐Triggered In Situ Gelation to Overcome Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic and Sustained Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Wang Xiaorui , Yang Dongliang , Song Xuejiao , Li Buhong , Wang Wenjun , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy (CT) has promising potential for cancer treatment in overcoming drug resistance and subsequently enhancing the therapeutic efficiency. However, the tumor hypoxia and premature release of drugs as well as off‐targeting of the established nanocarrier are still the major challenges. Herein, an ultrasound (US)‐triggered in situ hydrogel system is designed to overcome tumor hypoxia and combine PDT and CT (AIPH/PEGDA/DOX/CAT‐Ce6). After ultrasonic treatment, the 2,2′‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) will decompose and release a large amount of alkyl radicals, which can activate the crosslink reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylate (PEGDA) through the amide bond to form the hydrogel structure. This system can achieve the long‐term immobilization of CAT‐Ce6 and doxorubicin (DOX) at tumor site. Owing to the long‐term retention of the hydrogel, the tumor hypoxia can be persistently relieved under the action of CAT and the effect of PDT can be greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the sustained release of DOX from the hydrogel can achieve the long‐term chemotherapy. In vivo experiment demonstrates that the combination of repeatable PDT and sustained chemotherapy based on US‐triggered hydrogel system shows a synergistic effect in antitumor therapy without obvious side‐effect.
Photoredox Catalytic Phosphite‐Mediated Deoxygenation of α‐Diketones Enables Wolff Rearrangement and Staudinger Synthesis of β‐Lactams
Authors: Yang Hui , Li Haijun , Wei Guo , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel visible‐light‐driven catalytic activation of C=O bonds by exploiting the photoredox chemistry of 1,3,2‐dioxaphospholes, readily accessible from α‐diketones and trialkyl phosphites, is reported. This mild and environmentally friendly strategy provides an unprecedented and efficient access to the Wolff rearrangement reaction which traditionally entails α‐diazoketones as precursors. The resulting ketenes could be precisely trapped by alcohols/thiols to give α‐aryl (thio)acetates and by imines to afford the valuable β‐lactams in up to 99 % yields.
Editing Light Emission with Stable Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks via Wall Surface Perturbation
Authors: Li Zhongping , Geng Keyu , He Ting , Tan Ke Tian , Huang Ning , Jiang Qiuhong , Nagao Yuki , Jiang Donglin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ordered π skeletons of covalent organic frameworks make them viable light‐emitting materials but their limited tunability has precluded further implementation. Here we report the synthesis of hydrazone‐linked frameworks which are stable in water, acid, and base, and demonstrate their utility as a platform for light emission. The polygonal backbone is designed to be luminescent and partially π conjugated while the pore wall is docked with single atom or unit to induce resonance, hyperconjugation, and tautomerization effects. These effects can be transmitted to the backbone, so that the framework can emit three primary colors of light. The wall can be perturbated with multiple surface sites, rendering the material able to edit diverse emission colors in a predesignable and digital way. The systems show high activity, stability, tunability, and sensibility: a set of features attractive for light‐emitting and sensing applications.
Kinetic Selection in the Out‐of‐Equilibrium Autocatalytic Reaction Networks that Produce Macrocyclic Peptides
Authors: Miao Xiaoming , Paikar Arpita , Lerner Benjamin , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Shmul Guy , Semenov Sergey N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutocatalytic reaction networks are instrumental for validating scenarios for the emergence of life on Earth and for synthesizing life de novo. Here, we demonstrate that dimeric thioesters of tripeptides with the general structure (Cys‐Xxx‐Gly‐SEt)2 form strongly interconnected autocatalytic reaction networks that predominantly generate macrocyclic peptides up to 69 amino acids long. Some macrocycles of 6–12 amino acids were isolated from the product pool and were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. We studied the autocatalytic formation of macrocycles in a flow reactor in the presence of acrylamide, whose conjugate addition to thiols served as a model “removal” reaction. These results indicate that even not template‐assisted autocatalytic production combined with competing removal of molecular species in an open compartment could be a feasible route for selecting functional molecules during the pre‐Darwinian stages of molecular evolution.
Metal scavenging and catalysis by periodic mesoporous organosilicas with 2,2′‐bipyridine metal chelating ligands
Authors: Waki Minoru , Inagaki Shinji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA periodic mesoporous organosilica containing 2,2′‐bipyridine (BPy‐PMO) was assessed as a metal scavenger and heterogeneous catalyst. The functionalized PMO was synthesized based on a modified version of a previously reported procedure and showed a large surface area with crystal‐like pore walls and uniformly small particles. The small BPy‐PMOs (s‐BPy‐PMOs) exhibited efficient adsorption and removal of palladium (Pd2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions from THF solutions, as confirmed by inductively coupled plasma and UV/vis spectroscopy analyses. The removal efficiencies for Pd and Cu were determined to be 99.9% and 97.5%, respectively. This material was also used to scavenge residual Pd and Cu from reagent solutions following Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling, during which C–C bonds are generated based on catalysis by these metals. Moreover, Pd2+supportings‐BPy‐PMO was found to act as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction and could be easily separated from the reaction solution by simple filtration and reused.
High‐toughening modification of polylactic acid by long‐chain hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Sun Jianjian , Jin Yujuan , Wang Bo , Tian Huafeng , Kang Kaier , Men Shuang , Weng Yunxuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hyperbranched polyester synthesized by “one‐step method” was grafted with stearic acid to obtain long‐chain hyperbranched polymers (LCHBPs) with a large number of long stearic acid chains at the end. By means of FTIR and 13C‐NMR characterization, it was proved that stearic acids were grafted onto hyperbranched polyesters (HBPE) to yield LCHBPs successfully. It was determined by GPC and hydroxyl value titration that the number average molecular weight of HBPE was 4.86 × 103 and the grafting rate of stearic acid was 47%. Polylactic acid (PLA)/LCHBPs blends were prepared by melt processing method. The results showed that comparing with neat PLA, the tensile strength of PLA/LCHBPs blends decreased slightly with the increase of LCHBPs, but still maintained a high level, while the elongation at break and the impact strength of the PLA with 3.0 phr LCHBPs were greatly improved by 1360.0% and 119.8%, respectively. In addition, the impacted fracture characteristics of PLA changed significantly from brittle fracture to ductile fracture after LCHBPs incorporation, with the formation of a large number of filamentous structures. Thus, LCHBPs was an excellent toughening modifier for PLA and the resulting blends with improved performance possess wider applications.
PTFE Enhances Discharge Performance of Carbon Cathodes in Potassium‐Oxygen Batteries**
Authors: Küpper Jannis , Jakobi Simon , Simon Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPotassium‐oxygen batteries (KOB) are a promising energy storage technology with high theoretical energy of 935 Wh/kg and long cycle life. Potential applications require the development of affordable cathode materials with high practical capacity. In this article, we show that low‐cost polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) treatment increases the discharge performance of a commercial carbon paper cathode. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals that PTFE alleviates mass transport limitations and facilitates homogeneous deposition of the discharge product potassium superoxide (KO2) within the cathode pore structure. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we found that PTFE, in combination with the appropriate electrolyte volume, can prevent pore flooding by the electrolyte. Free volume permits fast, gaseous oxygen transport throughout the cathode, which lowers mass transfer resistances and improves the rate capability. Moreover, PTFE enables high pore volume filling by KO2 and, in turn, high discharge capacity. Our results demonstrate that controlling the mass transport is essential for high‐performance cathodes for KOB.
Akinetic mutism reversed by inferior parietal lobule repetitive theta burst stimulation: Can we restore default mode network function for therapeutic benefit?
Authors: Stephens Tressie M. , Young Isabella M. , O'Neal Christen M. , Dadario Nicholas B. , Briggs Robert G. , Teo Charles , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive treatment used to modulate cortical excitability. Its use over the last two decades has expanded, ranging from psychiatric disorders to traumatic brain injury and poststroke rehabilitation.ObjectivesWe present the case of a 59‐year‐old male patient who presented in a decreased state of consciousness due to a right frontal glioblastoma, wherein his state was not improved by a successful surgery and could not be explained by any other condition. Due to his poor prognosis, we examine the benefits of receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment to improve his akinetic mutism.MethodsWe utilized independent component analysis with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to better understand his cortical functionality. The imaging suggested absence of the default mode network (DMN). The patient underwent five sessions of navigated intermittent theta burst stimulation to the ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule and inferior frontal gyrus, with the aim of improving his default mode network functionality.ResultsNo other treatments resulted in an improvement of this patient's condition; however, 3 weeks following transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, the patient was more alert and interactive, and his follow‐up rsfMRI scan demonstrated a partially intact default mode network.ConclusionThis case raises important questions regarding the clinical utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve the connectivity of important cerebral networks and subsequent related functional recovery.
Sex worker homicides and sexual homicides: A comparative study of offender, victim, and offense characteristics
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSex workers are commonly claimed to be at heightened risk of fatal victimization. Although prior research indicates that the dynamics of sex worker homicides resemble sexual homicides more than nonsexual homicides, little is known about how these types of homicides compare in terms of offending patterns. This study considers a sample of 2,851 single‐victim, single‐offender homicide cases extracted from a 37‐year (1976–2012) US Supplementary Homicide Reports database, and compares the offender, victim, and offender characteristics of 243 sex worker homicides (189 males and 54 females) with those of 2608 sexual homicides (2474 males and 134 females). The findings suggest that the offender, victim, and offense characteristics of general, male‐offender, and female‐offender sex worker homicides are essentially different from the characteristics of sexual homicides. Logistic regressions further indicate that most offender, victim, and offense characteristics on the occurrence of general and male‐offender sex worker homicides were significantly associated with the perpetration of general and male‐offender sex worker homicides, with reference to sexual homicides. These findings offer insights relevant to the prioritization of criminal investigative practices.
Metabolic regulation in the immune response to cancer
Authors: Wu Qi , Yu Xin , Li Juanjuan , Sun Shengrong , Tu Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming in tumor‐immune interactions is emerging as a key factor affecting pro‐inflammatory carcinogenic effects and anticancer immune responses. Therefore, dysregulated metabolites and their regulators affect both cancer progression and therapeutic response. Here, we describe the molecular mechanisms through which microenvironmental, systemic, and microbial metabolites potentially influence the host immune response to mediate malignant progression and therapeutic intervention. We summarized the primary interplaying factors that constitute metabolism, immunological reactions, and cancer with a focus on mechanistic aspects. Finally, we discussed the possibility of metabolic interventions at multiple levels to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional approaches for future anticancer treatments.