bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent engagement with the New South Wales child health home‐based record: A cross‐sectional survey and a retrospective chart review
Authors: Chutiyami Muhammad , Wyver Shirley , Amin Janaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, World Health Organization endorsed universal use of home‐based records to improve care for mothers, pregnant women, newborns and children. New South Wales (NSW), Australia has had universal use of a child health home‐based record since 1988, with the first major update in 2013. Since the update, limitedbelief is sufficient for constituting evidence has been collected about factors influencing parent use of the record. This study aims to examine parent engagement with the record and whether it is influenced by child's first‐born status and Parent Evaluation of Development Status (PEDS) outcome.MethodA survey of 202 parent–child pairs and a review of 20 record books were conducted in NSW, Australia. Odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) and .05 level of significance, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to examine the influence of first‐born status, child's PEDS outcome and other parent–child characteristics on parent engagement with the record.ResultsParents engaged with the home‐based record by taking it for routine checks (80.7%), writing (74.8%) or reading (75.8%) information. Parents of first‐born children were more than three times likely to take the record book for routine checks compared with parent of later‐born children (adjusted OR [AOR] = 3.70, 95% CI 1.12–12.20). Similarly, parents of children with low PEDS level of risk were significantly less likely to read information in the record book compared with parents of children with high risk (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.98). Parent record input through direct observation significantly decreased from 85% at 1‐month to 60% at 12‐month postnatal. Data about at least one vaccination event were recorded in all the record books examined, while 85% had all recommended vaccinations recorded.ConclusionParents valued/engaged regularly with a child health home‐based record, and the record may be a useful tool for early detection and monitoring of child developmental concerns. Therefore, continued promotion of the use of child health home‐based record appears to play an important role in improving child health and development.
SREC‐RT: A Structure for Ray Tracing Rounded Edges and Corners
Authors: Courtin Simon , Ribardière Mickael , Horna Sebastien , Poulin Pierre , Meneveaux Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMan‐made objects commonly exhibit rounded edges and corners generated through their manufacturing processes. The variation of surface normals at these confined locations produces shading details that are visually essential to the realism of synthetic scenes. The more specular the surface, the finer and more prominent its highlights. However, most geometric modellers represent rounded edges and corners with dense polygonal meshes that are limited in terms of smoothness, while tremendously increasing scene complexity. This paper proposes a non‐invasive method (i.e. that does not modify the original geometry) for the modelling and rendering of smooth edges and corners from any input polygonal geometry defined with infinitely sharp edges. At the heart of our contribution is a geometric structure that automatically and accurately defines the geometry of edge and corner rounded areas, as well as the topological relationships at edges and vertices. This structure, called SREC‐RT, is integrated in a ray‐tracing‐based acceleration structure in order to determine the region of interest of each rounded edge and corner. It allows systematic rounding of all edges and vertices without increasing the 3D scene geometric complexity. While the underlying rounded geometry can be of any type, we propose a practical ray‐edge and ray‐corner intersection based on parametric surfaces. We analyse comparisons generated with existing methods. Our results present the advantages of our method, including extreme close‐up views of surfaces with a much higher quality for very little additional memory, and reasonable computation time overhead.
Evaluation of the effect of the lateralized inferior alveolar nerve isolation and bone grafting on the nerve function and implant stability. (Randomized Clinical Trial)
Authors: Garoushi Ibrahim H. , Elbeialy Ramy R. , Gibaly Amr , Atef Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe inferior alveolar nerve lateralization (IANL), although allows for an implant full‐length mandibular height engagement, coincides with depleting the buccal bone support and sensory deficits.PurposeThis study aims to assess whether interposing a bone graft coupled with securing a collagen membrane separation between the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the underlying dental implants would preserve the nerve function, enhance the implant stability, and minimize the radiographic marginal bone loss.Material and methodsEighteen patients with 30 atrophic mandibular edentulous ridges were subjected to IANL after being randomly assigned to two treatment modalities which consisted of 15 patients each. The (control group) utilized conventional IANL in direct contact with 20 implants. The (test group) implemented the IAN collagen‐membrane wrapping and interposing bone graft to overlay 23 implants. The neural function, the radiographic marginal bone loss, and the implant stability quotient were assessed and compared 6 months postoperatively.ResultsAll the patients regained their full neurosensory function after 6 months, with statistically nonsignificant differences between both groups throughout the follow‐up period. The mean marginal bone loss in the test group was (0.42 ± 0.09) mm versus (0.38 ± 0.14) mm for the control group, which was statistically similar (P = 0.401). The 6‐month postoperative mean implant stability quotient values of the test group recorded (74.73 ± 2.68) versus (74.73 ± 1.79) for the control group, which was statistically nonsignificant with a value of P = 0.626.ConclusionThe interposed bone graft, coupled with the collagen membrane isolation, neither subsided the neural disturbances nor enhanced the secondary implant stability and marginal bone loss.
Combination of topical and oral glutathione as a skin‐whitening agent: a double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wahab Siswanto , Anwar Anis I. , Zainuddin Andi N. , Hutabarat Emma N. , Anwar Asvina A. , Kurniadi Ivan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe antimelanogenesis effect of topical and oral glutathione has been shown in several in vitro and clinical studies. However, whether combination of topical and oral glutathione is superior to topical or oral monotherapy is unknown. This study aimed to compare the skin‐whitening effect of topical and oral glutathione combination therapy against topical and oral monotherapy.MethodsThis double‐blind randomized controlled study was done on 46 participants who were divided into two equal groups. Each group received oral placebo and oral glutathione, respectively. All participants were also instructed to apply topical placebo and glutathione to each facial side, respectively. Colorimeter examination was done biweekly using mexameter and chromameter for 8 weeks. One‐way ANOVA test was used to compare the results of all groups.ResultsThe combination group showed significantly lower melanin index (MI) and L* score to placebo (P < 0.05). The mean MI and L* score of the combination group were the highest of all groups. Statistical significance of difference in L* score was reached when the combination group was compared to the oral placebo and topical glutathione group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that topical and oral glutathione were effective skin‐lightening agents. Furthermore, combination of topical and oral glutathione might be superior to monotherapy.
The role of digital informal learning in the relationship between students' digital competence and academic engagement during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Heidari Elham , Mehrvarz Mahboobe , Marzooghi Rahmatallah , Stoyanov Slavi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 crisis, digital informal learning is important for students' academic engagement. Although scholars have highlighted the importance of students' digital competence in improving digital informal learning (DIL), the mediating role of DIL between digital competence and academic engagement has remained ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between students' digital competence and their academic engagement with the mediating role of DIL in the higher education context. This study used a descriptive correlational design, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study sample included 308 students from Shiraz University, Iran. The results showed that digital competence positively and significantly correlated with students' DIL and their academic engagement. Furthermore, DIL, as the mediator variable, was found to mediate the relationship between students' digital competence and their academic engagement. Since higher education institutions have a key role in improving students' academic engagement, particularly in the COVID‐19 pandemic, academic administrators should pay more attention to students' digital competencies and provide them with efficient and user‐friendly DIL platforms that can increase their academic engagement.
Trade‐offs between weapons and testes do not manifest at high social densities
Authors: Miller Christine W. , Joseph Paul N. , Emberts Zachary 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial conditions can alter the allocation of resources to reproductive traits. For example, an increase in social density during development is frequently associated with an increase in the testes mass of males. Sperm competition theory assumes that increased investment in testes should come at the expense of investing into precopulatory traits, such as sexually selected weaponry. However, much remains unknown about the role of the social context on the concurrent, relative investment in both testes and weapons. We found that the leaf‐footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae), grew nearly 20% larger testes when raised in high social densities. In addition to manipulating social density, we used autotomy (limb loss) to limit investment in their hindlimb weapon during development. At low densities, we found that those that lost a weapon during development grew larger testes by adulthood, supporting previous work demonstrating a weapons–testes trade‐off. However, at high social densities, males that dropped a hindlimb did not grow larger testes, though testes were already large at this density. These results underscore the importance of the social context to resource allocation patterns within the individual.
Hidden limbs in the “limbless skink” Brachymeles lukbani: Developmental observations
Authors: Smith‐Paredes Daniel , Griffith Oliver , Fabbri Matteo , Yohe Laurel , Blackburn Daniel G. , Siler Cameron D. , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. , Wagner Günter P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReduced limbs and limblessness have evolved independently in many lizard clades. Scincidae exhibit a wide range of limb‐reduced morphologies, but only some species have been used to study the embryology of limb reduction (e.g., digit reduction in Chalcides and limb reduction in Scelotes). The genus Brachymeles, a Southeast Asian clade of skinks, includes species with a range of limb morphologies, from pentadactyl to functionally and structurally limbless species. Adults of the small, snake‐like species Brachymeles lukbani show no sign of external limbs in the adult except for small depressions where they might be expected to occur. Here, we show that embryos of B. lukbani in early stages of development, on the other hand, show a truncated but well‐developed limb with a stylopod and a zeugopod, but no signs of an autopod. As development proceeds, the limb's small size persists even while the embryo elongates. These observations are made based on external morphology. We used florescent whole‐mount immunofluorescence to visualize the morphology of skeletal elements and muscles within the embryonic limb of B. lukabni. Early stages have a humerus and separated ulna and radius cartilages; associated with these structures are dorsal and ventral muscle masses as those found in the embryos of other limbed species. While the limb remains small, the pectoral girdle grows in proportion to the rest of the body, with well‐developed skeletal elements and their associated muscles. In later stages of development, we find the small limb is still present under the skin, but there are few indications of its presence, save for the morphology of the scale covering it. By use of CT scanning, we find that the adult morphology consists of a well‐developed pectoral girdle, small humerus, extremely reduced ulna and radius, and well‐developed limb musculature connected to the pectoral girdle. These muscles form in association with a developing limb during embryonic stages, a hint that “limbless” lizards that possess these muscles may have or have had at least transient developing limbs, as we find in B. lukbani. Overall, this newly observed pattern of ontogenetic reduction leads to an externally limbless adult in which a limb rudiment is hidden and covered under the trunk skin, a situation called cryptomelia. The results of this work add to our growing understanding of clade‐specific patterns of limb reduction and the convergent evolution of limbless phenotypes through different developmental processes.
Internalization of inferiority and colonial system justification: The case of Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera Pichardo Eduardo J. , Jost John T. , Benet‐Martínez Verónica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince the U.S. military invasion of Puerto Rico in 1898, the Caribbean island has been an “unincorporated territory” of the United States. Today, the island faces the worst economic, political, and humanitarian crisis in its modern history. Despite major disadvantages associated with the present situation, many Puerto Ricans continue to support U.S. hegemonic rule by either maintaining the territorial status quo or calling for a full annexation of Puerto Rico as a U.S. state. To better understand these attitudes, we synthesized insights from decolonial theory and system justification perspectives and administered surveys to 344 adults in San Juan, P.R. from 2017 to 2019. Results revealed that, as hypothesized, internalization of inferiority (outgroup favoritism) and epistemic motivation (need for cognitive closure) were associated with Puerto Ricans’ justification of the colonial system. Furthermore, colonial system justification was a significant mediator of the effects of internalization of inferiority and epistemic motivation on support for the territorial status quo and U.S. statehood—as well as rejection of national independence. Implications of these findings and the relevance of the overarching theoretical framework for the study of cultural and political psychology in other colonial and “post‐colonial” contexts are discussed.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and superficial siderosis in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Authors: Chen Benson S. , Anderson Neil E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by distinct skin lesions, retinal abnormalities, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare complication. We describe a PXE patient with recurrent non‐aneurysmal SAH and superficial siderosis. The only potential source of hemorrhage identified was a developmental venous anomaly.
Disentangling the Effects of Uncertainty, Monetary Policy and Leverage Shocks on the Economy*
Authors: Dery Cosmas , Serletis Apostolos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the information content and predictive ability of various risk and uncertainty measures in predicting various measures of real economic activity as well as undertake a comparative analysis of the relative importance of uncertainty, monetary policy and leverage shocks in the macroeconomic business cycle. We find that the macroeconomic uncertainty index and the Chicago Fed national financial conditions risk index have the strongest predictive relationship with economic activities. Also, in the context of a Bayesian monetary structural vector autoregressive, we use the penalty function approach to a sequential identification of uncertainty, monetary policy and leverage shocks, and find that uncertainty shocks are a relatively more important source of variations in the economy than traditional monetary policy shocks. However, monetary policy shocks still outperform uncertainty shocks in explaining inflation dynamics.
Referral patterns and demographic factors predict treatment dropout in suicidal youth
Authors: Clarke Christina , Oh JungSu , Khan Humama , LoParo Devon , Lamis Dorian A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionDue to increasing suicide rates, treatment engagement among suicidal youth is paramount. Identification of factors that predict treatment dropout could aid in bolstering treatment engagement. In this study, we examine whether demographic factors, specific treatment referrals, and interactions among referrals predict treatment dropout in youth deemed at risk for suicide.MethodsYouth (N = 3606) were screened for suicide using the Early Identification, Referral, and Follow‐up (EIRF) system across three community behavioral health centers. If considered at‐risk, all were provided mental health referrals and some were provided family support, crisis hotline, and/or school support referrals. Analyses were performed to analyze dropout patterns based on the binary logistic regression framework.ResultsBeing older (OR = 1.06, p < 0.001) and being male (OR = 1.28, p < 0.001) were related to greater odds of dropping out from referrals, while being referred to family support (OR = 0.13, p < 0.001), and being referred to a crisis hotline (OR = 0.58, p < 0.001) were associated with smaller odds of dropping out. Interactions were also analyzed.ConclusionMonitoring utilization and referral patterns is essential to appropriately meet the needs of youth at‐risk for suicide. Specifically, referring youth for family support and to use a crisis hotline may be particularly helpful in retaining treatment engagement.
“Sacred to the Hart”*: Identity and Dignity as Reflected in the Memorial Landscapes of Postemancipation African Americans in Pensacola, Florida
Authors: Stringfield Margo S. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis article broadens the discussion of 19th century monuments associated with the Lost Cause by exploring the monument landscapes of post‐emancipation African American cemeteries and the people who are associated with them.MethodExemplars from several cemeteries in Pensacola, Florida, are used to examine how the postemancipation population maintained deep ties to their cultural roots while assimilating into society as free people.ResultsThe built environment of postemancipation African American cemeteries contains monuments reflecting black identity and dignity in life and in death.ConclusionsExamining a broader sample of memorial landscapes can be a starting point in expanding the national dialogue on our country's history in a more inclusive fashion. Historic cemeteries, especially African American cemeteries established post‐Civil War, offer an excellent means of doing this in a manner that almost all citizens can understand and respect.
Friction Surfacing Deposition by Consumable Tools
Authors: Seidi Ebrahim , Miller Scott F. , Carlson Blair E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFriction surfacing is a new variation of friction stir processing for surface property modification of metallic substrates. There is an increasing body of literature about friction surfacing by deposition of metal from a consumable tool to a solid substrate. Friction surfacing has many potential applications in joining, coating for corrosion resistance, and repair of degraded components. This article presents a review of the basic principles and latest research organized by processing techniques and variations, thermomechanical transfer and deposition of material, and finally metallurgical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the resulting deposition. Different friction surfacing processes are reviewed of novel tool–substrate configurations for material deposition for noncoating purposes like keyhole filling and joining dissimilar materials. Possible future topics of study for this area are discussed, which include deeper understanding of material transfer through metallurgy, FEM, and scale up of the technique for practical application.
The methodological quality of individual participant data meta-analysis on intervention effects: systematic review
Authors: Wang Huan , Chen Yancong , Lin Yali , Abesig Julius , Wu Irene XY , Tam Wilson 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the methodological quality of individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis and to identify areas for improvement.

Design
Systematic review.

Data sources
Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Systematic reviews with IPD meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on intervention effects published in English.

Results
323 IPD meta-analyses covering 21 clinical areas and published between 1991 and 2019 were included: 270 (84%) were non-Cochrane reviews and 269 (84%) were published in journals with a high impact factor (top quarter). The IPD meta-analyses showed low compliance in using a satisfactory technique to assess the risk of bias of the included randomised controlled trials (43%, 95% confidence interval 38% to 48%), accounting for risk of bias when interpreting results (40%, 34% to 45%), providing a list of excluded studies with justifications (32%, 27% to 37%), establishing an a priori protocol (31%, 26% to 36%), prespecifying methods for assessing both the overall effects (44%, 39% to 50%) and the participant-intervention interactions (31%, 26% to 36%), assessing and considering the potential of publication bias (31%, 26% to 36%), and conducting a comprehensive literature search (19%, 15% to 23%). Up to 126 (39%) IPD meta-analyses failed to obtain IPD from 90% or more of eligible participants or trials, among which only 60 (48%) provided reasons and 21 (17%) undertook certain strategies to account for the unavailable IPD.

Conclusions
The methodological quality of IPD meta-analyses is unsatisfactory. Future IPD meta-analyses need to establish an a priori protocol with prespecified data syntheses plan, comprehensively search the literature, critically appraise included randomised controlled trials with appropriate technique, account for risk of bias during data analyses and interpretation, and account for unavailable IPD.