bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ursache von Muskelschwäche: Spektrum neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen und diagnostisches Vorgehen
Authors: Fitzner Maren , Schmidt Jens 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Leitsymptom der muskulären Schwäche kann auf das Vorliegen einer neuromuskulären Erkrankung zurückzuführen sein, findet sich jedoch auch bei einer Reihe anderer Faktoren wie Elektrolytveränderungen, Vitaminmangel, Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, Bewegungsmangel oder bei unerwünschten Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen. Einer gründlichen Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung kommt daher in der differentialdiagnostischen Abklärung eine große Bedeutung zu. Die zeitliche Entwicklung, das Verteilungsmuster sowie Begleitsymptome erlauben oftmals bereits eine erste diagnostische Einordnung. Bei begründetem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer neuromuskulären Erkrankung sollte die weiterführende Diagnostik durch einen Neurologen oder ein neuromuskuläres Zentrum erfolgen. Zu den wichtigsten neuromuskulären Erkrankungen mit Leitsymptom einer muskulären Schwäche gehören die neuromuskulären Übertragungsstörungen, Neuropathien, erbliche und erworbene Myopathien sowie Motoneuronerkrankungen. Diese Übersicht stellt die wichtigsten Ursachen für eine muskuläre Schwäche zusammen und zeigt das zu empfehlende diagnostische Vorgehen auf.
Biomarker und Histologie bei idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien
Authors: Schneider Udo , Stenzel Werner , Stuhlmüller Bruno 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien (IIM) sind eine Gruppe entzündlicher Muskelerkrankungen für deren Diagnosestellung, Verlaufsbeurteilung, Prognoseabschätzung und Risikostratifizierung Biomarker eine jeweils essentielle Rolle spielen. Biomarker in diesem Kontext können sowohl „herkömmliche“ serologische Marker wie Muskelenzyme oder Autoantikörper, histologische Marker wie entitätsspezifische inflammatorische Muster, aber auch genomische und genetische Marker sein. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über bewährte und innovative Marker.
Dermatologische Differentialdiagnosen von idiopathischen entzündlichen Muskelerkrankungen
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Golle Linda 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Hautsymptome sind für die Differenzialdiagnose der Myositiden wichtig, da sie einmal entscheidend für die Unterscheidung der Dermatomyositis und des Anti-Synthetase-Syndroms von den anderen Autoimmun-Myositiden sind, und da sie bei Myositiden im Rahmen von Overlap Syndromen Hinweise auf die zugrunde liegenden Autoimmunerkrankungen (Lupus erythematodes, systemische Sklerose u. a.) geben können. Daher sollte bei Patienten mit einer Myositis eine genaue Inspektion der Haut erfolgen. Fast pathognomonisch für die Dermatomyositis ist die Trias aus symmetrischem, fliederfarbenem Erythem auf den Oberlidern (heliotropes Erythem), Erytheme oder flache Papeln oder Plaques über den proximalen interphalangealen und metacarpophalangealen Fingergelenken (so genannte Gottron Papeln) und Erytheme über Knien, Ellenbogen oder Knöcheln (so genanntes Gottron Zeichen). Daneben gibt es eine Reihe weiterer, typischer Hautsymptome (peitschenabdruckartige Erytheme, Poikilodermie, dystrophe Nagelhäutchen, Vaskulitiden, Juckreiz). Beim Anti-Synthetase-Syndrom treten neben einem Raynaud Phänomen als charakteristisches Symptom die sog. Mechanikerhände („mechanic‘s hands“) auf, d. h. Hyperkeratosen und Fissuren lateral an den Fingern. Klinisch und histologisch sind die Hautsymptome beim LE nicht eindeutig von denen der Dermatomyositis zu trennen, auch wenn es einige Unterschiede gibt. Die Hauteffloreszenzen sprechen nicht immer gut auf die Therapien der Myositis an. Ein Rückgang wurde unter Glukokortikoiden, Methotrexat, IVIG, Mycophenolatmofetil und Rituximab beobachtet. Als systemische Therapie gegen die Hautbeteiligung hat Hydroxychloroquin Wirksamkeit gezeigt, manchmal nur in Kombination mit Mepacrin. Zur zusätzlichen topischen Behandlung eignen sich Glukokortikoide und Calcineurin-Inhibitoren. Eine generelle Maßnahme ist der konsequente Sonnenschutz.
Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Activation Reaction between 2-Phenyl­quinazolinone and Vinylene Carbonate
Authors: Guan Mei , Wu Yong , Chen Yuncan , Huang Xin , Xu Yingying , Li Jianglian , Lai Ruizhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the report, we described the ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C–H activation/cyclization of 2-arylquinazolinones with vinyl carbonate for the synthesis of different fused quinazolinones. Through this strategy, the 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8-one and 8H-isoquino[1,2-b] quinazolin-8-one have been obtained, respectively, under different temperatures. Additionally, the reaction features broad substrate scope and good yields, only producing carbon dioxide as byproduct. Moreover, we performed preliminary mechanistic studies of this reaction and proposed a possible mechanism.
Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study
Authors: Siva Dharma Danusha , Abu Bakar Noraini , Mustafa Basma Ezzat 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess and compare the salivary leptin hormone levels between different classes of facial skeletal pattern (Class I, II, and III).
Materials and Methods A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained.
Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns.
Conclusion Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Nursing and Technical Students in Croatia
Authors: Cabov Tomislav , Eljuga Ksenija , Fuchs Petra Nola , Devcic Maja Kinkela , Prpic Jelena , Kovac Zoran , Puharic Zrinka , Glazar Irena , Zulec Mirna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to test knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the students from the Bjelovar University of Applied Sciences in relation to oral health, and to determine the respectable differences between students of nursing and technical study programs.
Materials and Methods Students were randomly selected to represent a convenient sample. A total of 140 students from nursing and technical studies were interviewed by using the World health organization Oral Health Questionnaire, adapted to fit the study purposes.
Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency distribution and percentages for all variables. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results The distribution of participants regarding gender was significantly different between the study programs (p = 0.000). Significant difference was also observed in their perceived socioeconomic status (p = 0.001). A significant difference was found between the study programs regarding the knowledge whether bad teeth could impair general health (p = 0.001), could tooth decay and periodontal disease may be prevented (p = 0.002), as well as the importance of regular dental check-ups for prevention of tooth decay (p = 0.028). There were significant differences regarding dietary habits and alcohol consumption in the past 30 days between the observed study programs (p = 0.000) while no significant differences were found regarding tobacco and tobacco product use (p = 0.170).
Conclusion Results obtained and presented in this paper show better knowledge and more favorable habits and behaviors among the students from nursing study program compared with the technical ones. Still all students’ habits should be changed to improve oral health. To change attitudes and influence habits, effective oral health promotion programs are needed; not only in colleges, but also in primary and secondary schools.
Evaluation and Correlation of Beta Angle with Wits Appraisal and ANB Angle in Various Skeletal Malocclusion Groups—A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Bhullar Mandeep K. , Thakur Arun K. , Mittal Sanjay , Aggarwal Isha , Palkit Tanzin , Goyal Merry 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Sagittal skeletal discrepancies are frequently assessed by Wits appraisal and point A–Nasion–point B (ANB) angle. These angular and linear measurements depend upon various factors and sometime produced inaccurate results. Beta angle has been introduced recently and possesses significant advantage over ANB and Wits appraisal, because it is independent of cranial landmarks and dental occlusion.
Aim To evaluate and correlate beta angle in various skeletal malocclusions and its correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle.
Material and Methods The present study was carried out in Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 63 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (23 skeletal class I, 20 skeletal class II, and 20 skeletal class III) of patients aged between 14 to 25 years were included. Various landmarks and planes were identified and marked. Values of Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and beta angle were recorded. Comparisons of group were made with the chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to see relation between different values.
Results Values of correlation coefficient of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle were –0.645 and –0.815, respectively.
Conclusion Overall beta angle showed strong correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle, however correlation of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle among various skeletal malocclusion groups (skeletal class I, II, and III) was not statistically significant.
Impact of a Vancomycin-Induced Shift of the Gut Microbiome in a Gram-Negative Direction on Plasma Factor VIII:C Levels: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grimnes Gro , Bhoelan Soerajja , Hindberg Kristian , Davids Mark , Nieuwdorp Max , Mollnes Tom E. , Michelsen Annika E. , Ueland Thor , Brækkan Sigrid K. , Hansen John-Bjarne , Tichelaar Vladimir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Inflammation is present in several conditions associated with risk of venous thromboembolism. The gut microbiome might be a source of systemic inflammation and activation of coagulation, by translocation of lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria to the systemic circulation.
Objective To investigate whether a vancomycin-induced shift of the gut microbiome in a gram-negative direction influences systemic inflammation and plasma factor (F) VIII procoagulant activity (FVIII:C).
Methods and Results We performed a randomized controlled trial including 43 healthy volunteers aged 19 to 37 years. Twenty-one were randomized to 7 days of oral vancomycin intake and 22 served as controls. Feces and blood were sampled at baseline, the day after the end of intervention, and 3 weeks after intervention. Gut microbiome composition was assessed by amplicon sequencing. FVIII:C was measured using an activated partial thromboplastin time-based assay, cytokines were measured using multiplex technology, complement activation was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Vancomycin intake reduced gut microbiome diversity and increased the abundance of gram-negative bacteria. Change in FVIII:C in the intervention group was +4 IU/dL versus −6 IU/dL (p = 0.01) in the control group. A similar change was observed for log-transformed CRP (+0.21 mg/dL vs. −0.25 mg/dL, p = 0.04). The cytokines and complement activation markers remained similar in the two groups.
Conclusion The found slight increases in FVIII:C and CRP levels might support the hypothesis that a vancomycin-induced gram-negative shift in the gut microbiome could induce increased systemic inflammation and thereby a procoagulant state.
KLF11 Protects against Venous Thrombosis via Suppressing Tissue Factor Expression
Authors: Liang Wenying , Lu Haocheng , Sun Jinjian , Zhao Guizhen , Wang Huilun , Guo Yanhong , Eitzman Daniel , Chen Y Eugene , Fan Yanbo , Zhang Jifeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKrüppel-like factors (KLFs) play essential roles in multiple biological functions, including maintaining vascular homeostasis. KLF11, a causative gene for maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 7, inhibits endothelial activation and protects against stroke. However, the role of KLF11 in venous thrombosis remains to be explored. Utilizing stasis-induced murine deep vein thrombosis (DVT) model and cultured endothelial cells (ECs), we identified an increase of KLF11 expression under prothrombotic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. The expression change of thrombosis-related genes was determined by utilizing gain- and loss-of-function approaches to alter KLF11 expression in ECs. Among these genes, KLF11 significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced tissue factor (TF) gene transcription. Using reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and co-immunoprecipitation, we revealed that KLF11 could reduce TNF-α-induced binding of early growth response 1 (EGR1) to TF gene promoter in ECs. In addition, we demonstrated that conventional Klf11 knockout mice were more susceptible to developing stasis-induced DVT. These results suggest that under prothrombotic conditions, KLF11 downregulates TF gene transcription via inhibition of EGR1 in ECs. In conclusion, KLF11 protects against venous thrombosis, constituting a potential molecular target for treating thrombosis.
Wavelength and power dependence on multilevel behavior of phase change materials
Authors: Sevison Gary A. , Burrow Joshua A. , Guo Haiyun , Sarangan Andrew , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Agha Imad 
Published: August 2021

We experimentally probe the multilevel response of GeTe, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), and 4% tungsten-doped GST (W-GST) phase change materials (PCMs) using two wavelengths of light: 1550 nm, which is useful for telecom-applications, and near-infrared 780 nm, which is a standard wavelength for many experiments in atomic and molecular physics. We find that the materials behave differently with the excitation at the different wavelengths and identify useful applications for each material and wavelength. We discuss thickness variation in the thin films used as well and comment on the interaction of the interface between the material and the substrate with regard to the multilevel behavior. Due to the differences in penetration depths, absorption, and index contrast, different PCMs could be more suitably used depending on the application and wavelength of operation.
Arrhenius behavior of crystallization at up to 184 000 K/s in Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films
Authors: Nozard Hantz , Schiettekatte François 
Published: August 2021

We investigate the glass transition and crystallization of Ge2Sb2Te5 by nanocalorimetry on 32–57 nm layers at temperature scanning rates ranging from 23 to 184 kK/s. Crystallization follows the Arrhenius behavior observed at low heating rates, with an activation energy of 2.7 ± 0.1 eV. The crystal-growth velocity (&gt;500 µm/s at 500 K) confirms fast values found in earlier work and by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. These experiments also outline the importance of carrying out ultra-fast scanning calorimetry studies with samples in excellent thermal contact with the heating device.
Role of contrast of a relativistic femtosecond laser pulse interacting with solid and structured targets
Authors: Ivanov K.A. , Shulyapov S.A. , Gorlova D.A. , Mordvintsev I.M. , Tsymbalov I.N. , Savel’ev A.B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the effect of a pre-plasma layer inevitably present in experiments on the acceleration of electrons and ions during interaction of a relativistic femtosecond laser pulse with a dense plasma. The interaction regimes are identified in which the presence of such a layer can significantly increase the average and maximum energies of electrons. The regimes are discussed in which an artificial nanosecond prepulse makes it possible to produce a collimated electron beam with a high charge and an average energy of up to 10 ponderomotive energies in the direction of the reflected or incident laser beam. It is shown that the acceleration of ions, as a rule, requires an ultrahigh contrast of the laser pulse, since the parameters of the accelerated ion beams deteriorate significantly in the presence of preplasma or due to the evaporation of a thin-film target. The regimes of interaction of laser pulses with thick targets, in which heavy multiply charged ions can be accelerated by cleaning the surface with a prepulse, are also discussed. An essential part of the review is devoted to the interaction of radiation with micro- and nanostructured targets. Both the methods of their fabrication and the issues related to the interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse and its contrast with such structures are considered.
Using machine-learning methods for analysing the results of numerical simulation of laser-plasma acceleration of electrons
Authors: Volkova T.M. , Nerush E.N. , Kostyukov I.Yu. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing machine-learning methods based on self-organising Kohonen maps, the results of numerical simulation of the acceleration of electrons during the interaction of high-power laser radiation with plasma are analysed and classified. The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is used to simulate the interaction in a wide range of parameters (laser intensity and plasma concentration). For each set of parameters, the spectrum of accelerated electrons is found, based on which the charge, average energy, and relative energy spread of accelerated electrons are calculated. Using the obtained values as input parameters of the map, the classification of various acceleration regimes is performed. The developed scheme can be used to identify the optimal acceleration regimes under more realistic conditions, considering a larger number of parameters.
Acceleration of electrons in hollow glass capillaries under the action of intense picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Flegentov V.A. , Safronov K.V. , Gavrilov D.S. , Kakshin A.G. , Pkhaiko N.A. , Potapov A.V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The generation of relativistic electron beams in hollow glass capillaries is investigated using a picosecond laser system. A plasma is formed in a capillary due to the ablation of its inner walls by a specially formed pre-pulse. Electron beams with an opening angle of ∼40 mrad, exponential energy spectrum with maximum energy about 20 MeV, and a total charge of ∼0.2 nC are experimentally detected.
Polarisation gating technique in nonlinear Compton scattering: effect of radiation friction and electron beam nonideality
Authors: Valialshchikov M.A. , Kharin V.Yu. , Rykovanov S.G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe discuss the effect of radiation friction and quantum recoil on the parameters of a gamma comb with narrow spectral peaks, arising when use is made of laser pulses with time-dependent polarisation, which reduces significantly the ponderomotive broadening of harmonics. A detailed numerical study of the contribution of the electron beam nonideality to the observability of the effect is presented.
Laser induced damage threshold and incubation effects of high-power laser system optics
Authors: Fourmaux S. , Kieffer J.C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) measurement technique where a mm-diameter non-Gaussian laser beam is used. This allows both a large number of measurements points and a large range of fluence to be sampled with a single measure. The method is used in-situ, inside the laser radiation – matter interaction vacuum vessel used for high power experiments with a 100 TW-class laser system. With our 2.5-Hz repetition rate laser system, the well-known incubation effect is observed where the laser damage threshold on the optics decreases with increasing number of laser shots. The incubation effect is studied with 22-fs laser pulses at a laser 2.5-Hz nominal repetition rate with several optics like dielectric mirrors and gold compression gratings irradiated by up to 9 × 103 laser shots.
An alternative broad vegetation hierarchy for eastern New South Wales, with application for environmental planning and management
Authors: Gellie Nicholas J. H. , Hunter John T. 
Published: August 2021

Many previous vegetation description and mapping programs have highlighted the need for a hierarchical classification that easily translates from regional through to international scales. Often programs have not selected appropriate levels of vegetation classification and mapping for management purposes. Here, we provide an alternative broad vegetation classification at the macrogroup level in the international vegetation classification for eastern New South Wales (NSW) that could be applied in regional and local environmental planning and management. Existing aerial photographic interpretation (API) floristic and canopy maps available for eastern NSW were collated and reclassified and incorporated into a unifying dataset of macrogroups, which also included types dominated by exotic vegetation such as exotic plantations. There we identified, in total, 71 macrogroups across eastern New South Wales (NSW) of a total of 85 identified for NSW mapped at 1:25 000 scale, or finer, in the following three sections: north-east, Sydney basin and central west, and southern coast and Snowy Mountains. These were then amalgamated into a single remnant vegetation map covering 23 525 280 ha. This alternative broad vegetation hierarchy provides a reliable and overt vegetation classification and mapping dataset that can easily incorporate future revisions as new mapping data become available.
Developmental HCN channelopathy results in decreased neural progenitor proliferation and microcephaly in mice
Authors: Schlusche Anna Katharina , Vay Sabine Ulrike , Kleinenkuhnen Niklas , Sandke Steffi , Campos-Martín Rafael , Florio Marta , Huttner Wieland , Tresch Achim , Roeper Jochen , Rueger Maria Adele , Jakovcevski Igor , Stockebrand Malte , Isbrandt Dirk 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Impaired cell cycle regulation of neural stem and progenitor cells can affect cortical development and cause microcephaly. During cell cycle progression, the cellular membrane potential changes through ion channel activity and tends to be more depolarized in proliferating cells. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels, which mediate a depolarizing current in neurons and cardiac cells, are linked to neurodevelopmental diseases and also contribute to the control of cell cycle progression and proliferation of neuronal precursor cells. In this study, HCN channel deficiency during embryonic brain development resulted in marked microcephaly of mice with impaired HCN channel function in dorsal forebrain progenitors. The findings suggest that HCN channel subunits are part of a general mechanism influencing cortical development in mammals.