bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined pattern of childhood psycho-behavioral characteristics in patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Hamasaki Yukiko , Nakayama Takao , Hikida Takatoshi , Murai Toshiya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Although epidemiological and genetic studies have provided scientific evidence that places schizophrenia into the framework of early neurodevelopmental disorders, the psycho-behavioral characteristics of children that later go on to develop schizophrenia have not been sufficiently clarified. This study aimed to retrospectively identify characteristics specific to patients with schizophrenia during childhood via their guardians’ reporting of these characteristics.

Methods
Participants included 54 outpatients with schizophrenia in their twenties who fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria. Additionally, 192 normal healthy subjects participated as sex- and age-matched controls. The guardians of all participants were recruited to rate participants’ childhood characteristics from 6 to 8 years of age on a modified version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which was used as a retrospective assessment questionnaire. Using t-tests, logistic regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we estimated the psycho-behavioral characteristics specific to schizophrenia during childhood. Using the obtained logistic regression model, we prototyped a risk-predicting algorithm based on the CBCL scores.

Results
Among the eight CBCL subscale t-scores, “withdrawn” (p = 0.002), “thought problems” (p = 0.001), and “lack of aggressive behavior” (p = 0.002) were each significantly associated with the later diagnosis of schizophrenia, although none of these mean scores were in the clinical range at the time of childhood. The algorithm of the logistic regression model, based on eight CBCL subscales, had an area under the ROC curve of 82.8% (95% CI: 76–89%), which indicated that this algorithm’s prediction of late development of schizophrenia has moderate accuracy.

Conclusions
The results suggest that according to guardian reports, participants showed psycho-behavioral characteristics during childhood, different to those of healthy controls, which could be predictive of the later development of schizophrenia. Our newly developed algorithm is available to use in future studies to further test its validity.
Prevalence of depression symptoms and associated sociodemographic and clinical correlates among Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Naal Hady , Nabulsi Dana , El Arnaout Nour , Abdouni Lina , Dimassi Hani , Harb Ranime , Saleh Shadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of the Syrian war in 2011, close to 6 million Syrian refugees have escaped to Syria’s neighbouring countries, including Lebanon. Evidence suggests rising levels of mental health disorders among Syrian refugee populations. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, large-scale studies addressing the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon are lacking. We examined the prevalence of depression symptoms, which represent a common and debilitating mental health disorder among Syrian refugee populations in Lebanon, along with their sociodemographic and clinical correlates.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was conducted as part of a collaborative project-“Sijilli”- led by the Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut (Beirut, Lebanon) across 4 informal tented settlements for refugees (Beirut, Bekaa, North, South) in Lebanon among adult Syrian refugees (≥18), over a period extending from 2018 to 2020. The survey inquired about participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and screened participants for symptoms of depression through sequential methodology using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9).ResultsA total of 3255 adult Syrian refugees were enrolled in the study. Of those refugees, 46.73% (n = 1521) screened positive on the PHQ-2 and were therefore eligible to complete the PHQ-9. In the entire sample (n = 3255), the prevalence of moderate to severe depression symptoms (PHQ-2 ≥ 2 and then PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was 22% (n = 706). Further analyses indicate that being ≥45 years of age (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.13–2.30), a woman (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.70), widowed (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31–6.32), reporting a neurological (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15–2.60) or a mental health condition (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.76–8.97) are major risk factors for depression.ConclusionOur study suggests that an estimated one in four Syrian refugees in Lebanon shows moderate to severe depression symptoms, and our findings have important public health and clinical implications on refugee health. There is a need to enhance screening efforts, to improve access and referral to mental health services, and to improve post-migration factors among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.
The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Ma Rui , Wu Mengjun , Li Yongwei , Wang Jialin , Wang Wei , Yang Pei , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemarthrosis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can create many adverse joint effects. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used to minimize hemarthrosis and associated pain after ACL reconstruction. We aimed to compare the efficacies of intravenous (IV) administration and intra-articular (IA) injection of TXA during ACL reconstruction for reducing postoperative hemarthrosis.

Methods
A total of 120 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were included in this prospective and randomized study. All patients were randomized into three groups: IV group, IA group and placebo group. Patients in the IV group received intravenously administered TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) 10 min before tourniquet release; patients in the IA group received intra-articular TXA (15 mg/kg in 100 mL of saline solution) injected via the drainage tube; and patients in the placebo group received an equivalent volume of normal saline administered into the knee joint cavity and intravenously. Drainage tubes were removed 24 h after surgery, and all enrolled patients experienced a 4-week follow-up period. The drain output volume, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, patellar circumference, hemarthrosis grade and Lysholm score of all patients were recorded.

Results
Both the IV group and the IA group had significantly lower drain output volumes at day 1, lower VAS scores at weeks 1 and 2, smaller patellar circumferences at weeks 1 and 2, and lower hemarthrosis grades at weeks 1 and 2 than the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in drain output volume, VAS score, patellar circumference or hemarthrosis grade between the IV group and the IA group at any time point (p > 0.05). No obvious differences in Lysholm score were observed between any pair of groups at week 4 (p > 0.05)). Neither infection nor deep vein thrombosis occurred in any group.

Conclusions
Both intravenous administration and intra-articular injection can reduce intra-articular hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling during ACL reconstruction. No significant difference in the efficacies of reducing hemarthrosis, joint pain and swelling was found between intravenous administration and intra-articular injection.

Trial registration
The study was registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (The comparative efficacies of intravenous administration and intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; ChiCTR-INR-17012217; August 1, 2017).
Home hospitalization for palliative cancer care: factors associated with unplanned hospital admissions and death in hospital
Authors: Gamblin Vincent , Prod’homme Chloé , Lecoeuvre Adrien , Bimbai André -Michel , Luu Joël , Hazard Pierre-Alexandre , Da Silva Arlette , Villet Stéphanie , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Penel Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHome hospitalization at the end of life can sometimes be perturbed by unplanned hospital admissions (UHAs, defined as any admission that is not part of a preplanned care procedure), which increase the likelihood of death in hospital. The objectives were to describe the occurrence and causes of UHAs in cancer patients receiving end-of-life care at home, and to identify factors associated with UHAs and death in hospital.MethodsA retrospective, single-center study (performed at a regional cancer center in the city of Lille, northern France) of advanced cancer patients discharged to home hospitalization between January 2014 and December 2017. We estimated the incidence of UHA over time using Kaplan-Meier method and Kalbfleish and Prentice method. We investigated factors associated with the risk UHA in cause-specific Cox models. We evaluated factors associated with death in hospital in logistic regressions.ResultsOne hundred and forty-two patients were included in the study. Eighty-two patients (57.7 %) experienced one or more UHAs, a high proportion of which occurred within 1 month after discharge to home. Most UHAs were related to physical symptoms and were initiated by the patient’s family physician. A post-discharge palliative care consultation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of UHAs. Sixty-five patients (47.8 % of the deaths) died in hospital. In a multivariate analysis, living alone and the presence of one or more children at home were associated with death in hospital.ConclusionsMore than 40 % of cancer patients receiving end of life home hospitalization were not readmitted to hospital, reflecting the effectiveness of this type of palliative care setting. However, over half of the UHAs were due to an acute intercurrent event. Our results suggest that more efforts should be focused on anticipating these events at home – primarily via better upstream coordination between hospital physicians and family physicians.
Text classification models for the automatic detection of nonmedical prescription medication use from social media
Authors: Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Yang Yuan-Chi , Cai Haitao , Ruan Yucheng , O’Connor Karen , Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez , Perrone Jeanmarie , Sarker Abeed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrescription medication (PM) misuse/abuse has emerged as a national crisis in the United States, and social media has been suggested as a potential resource for performing active monitoring. However, automating a social media-based monitoring system is challenging—requiring advanced natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning methods. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of automatic text classification models for detecting self-reports of PM abuse from Twitter.MethodsWe experimented with state-of-the-art bi-directional transformer-based language models, which utilize tweet-level representations that enable transfer learning (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, AlBERT, and DistilBERT), proposed fusion-based approaches, and compared the developed models with several traditional machine learning, including deep learning, approaches. Using a public dataset, we evaluated the performances of the classifiers on their abilities to classify the non-majority “abuse/misuse” class.ResultsOur proposed fusion-based model performs significantly better than the best traditional model (F1-score [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.64–0.69] vs. 0.45 [0.42–0.48]). We illustrate, via experimentation using varying training set sizes, that the transformer-based models are more stable and require less annotated data compared to the other models. The significant improvements achieved by our best-performing classification model over past approaches makes it suitable for automated continuous monitoring of nonmedical PM use from Twitter.ConclusionsBERT, BERT-like and fusion-based models outperform traditional machine learning and deep learning models, achieving substantial improvements over many years of past research on the topic of prescription medication misuse/abuse classification from social media, which had been shown to be a complex task due to the unique ways in which information about nonmedical use is presented. Several challenges associated with the lack of context and the nature of social media language need to be overcome to further improve BERT and BERT-like models. These experimental driven challenges are represented as potential future research directions.
Lack of drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia for auditory fear memories in rats
Authors: Luyten Laura , Schnell Anna Elisabeth , Schroyens Natalie , Beckers Tom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Long-term memory formation is generally assumed to involve the permanent storage of recently acquired memories, making them relatively insensitive to disruption, a process referred to as memory consolidation. However, when retrieved under specific circumstances, consolidated fear memories are thought to return to a labile state, thereby opening a window for modification (e.g., attenuation) of the memory. Several interventions during a critical time frame after this destabilization seem to be able to alter the retrieved memory, for example by pharmacologically interfering with the restabilization process, either by direct protein synthesis inhibition or indirectly, using drugs that can be safely administered in patients (e.g., propranolol). Here, we find that, contrary to expectations, systemic pharmacological manipulations in auditory fear-conditioned rats do not lead to drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia.

Results
In a series of well-powered auditory fear conditioning experiments (four with propranolol, 10 mg/kg, two with rapamycin, 20–40 mg/kg, one with anisomycin, 150 mg/kg and cycloheximide, 1.5 mg/kg), we found no evidence for reduced cued fear memory expression during a drug-free test in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that had previously received a systemic drug injection upon retrieval of the tone fear memory. All experiments used standard fear conditioning and reactivation procedures with freezing as the behavioral read-out (conceptual or exact replications of published reports) and common pharmacological agents. Additional tests confirmed that the applied drug doses and administration routes were effective in inducing their conventional effects on expression of fear (propranolol, acutely), body weight (rapamycin, anisomycin, cycloheximide), and consolidation of extinction memories (cycloheximide).

Conclusions
In contrast with previously published studies, we did not find evidence for drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia, underlining that this effect, as well as its clinical applicability, may be considerably more constrained and less readily reproduced than what the current literature would suggest.
A systematic assessment of the association between frequently prescribed medicines and the risk of common cancers: a series of nested case-control studies
Authors: McDowell R. D. , Hughes C. , Murchie P. , Cardwell C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies systematically screening medications have successfully identified prescription medicines associated with cancer risk. However, adjustment for confounding factors in these studies has been limited. We therefore investigated the association between frequently prescribed medicines and the risk of common cancers adjusting for a range of confounders.

Methods
A series of nested case-control studies were undertaken using the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit Research (PCCIUR) database containing general practice (GP) records from Scotland. Cancer cases at 22 cancer sites, diagnosed between 1999 and 2011, were identified from GP records and matched with up to five controls (based on age, gender, GP practice and date of registration). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing any versus no prescriptions for each of the most commonly prescribed medicines, identified from prescription records, were calculated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for comorbidities. Additional analyses adjusted for smoking use. An association was considered a signal based upon the magnitude of its adjusted OR, p-value and evidence of an exposure-response relationship. Supplementary analyses were undertaken comparing 6 or more prescriptions versus less than 6 for each medicine.

Results
Overall, 62,109 cases and 276,580 controls were included in the analyses and a total of 5622 medication-cancer associations were studied across the 22 cancer sites. After adjusting for comorbidities 2060 medicine-cancer associations for any prescription had adjusted ORs greater than 1.25 (or less than 0.8), 214 had a corresponding p-value less than or equal to 0.01 and 118 had evidence of an exposure-dose relationship hence meeting the criteria for a signal. Seventy-seven signals were identified after additionally adjusting for smoking. Based upon an exposure of 6 or more prescriptions, there were 118 signals after adjusting for comorbidities and 82 after additionally adjusting for smoking.

Conclusions
In this study a number of novel associations between medicine and cancer were identified which require further clinical and epidemiological investigation. The majority of medicines were not associated with an altered cancer risk and many identified signals reflected known associations between medicine and cancer.
A quantitative test of the face validity of behavior-change messages based on the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Khandpur Neha , Quinta Fernanda Paranhos , Jaime Patricia Constante 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Implementation science has scant evidence of how dietary guidelines can be developed into actionable behavior-change messages and even less evidence on their motivating potential and perceived effect on behavior. This may explain the widening gap between nutrition science and individual behavior and the low uptake of dietary recommendations by the population for which they are intended. This study aimed to: (i) assess participant receptivity and acceptance of behavior-change messages; (ii) determine if the behavior-change strategies used in the messages and the main theme they relayed influenced participant evaluation of the messages; (iii) explore if evaluations varied by participants’ stage of behavior-change; and (iv) elucidate reasons for non-compliance with the messages.

Methods
An online survey was used to test the face validity and participant receptivity of 28 behavior-change messages, among a diverse sample of 2400 adult Brazilians. Participants’ understanding of the messages, message likeability and convincingness, and the probability that participants would change behavior in accordance with the message were measured, along with reasons for non-compliance.

Results
The mean overall scores suggested that participants liked the messages, understood them, and found them convincing. As expected, the probability of complying with the messages scored lower compared to other study outcomes. Messages about shopping practices, cooking practices, and planning and organization performed better than those on other themes. Participants were more receptive to messages that included behavior-change strategies like goals, social identity, and pleasure, however, the probability of compliance was higher for messages with constructs that emphasized health and cost consequences. Participants trying to change their diet or seeking resources to support healthier dietary choices had greater engagement with and receptivity to the messages. Time and effort, and high costs associated with making healthy changes, were barriers to compliance.

Conclusions
Messages may help improve individual understanding, stimulate interest in a topic and get participants engaged, particularly if messages are goal-oriented and highlight the pleasure and collective identity of these food-related behaviors. However, messages stop short of addressing the structural, social, and economic barriers to healthy diets. These aspects will need to be targeted through legislative action for sustainable behavior change.
Optimizing the use of cesarean section in Argentina: design and methodology of a formative research for the development of interventions
Authors: Ramos Silvina , Romero Mariana , Perrotta Carla , Sguassero Yanina , Straw Cecilia , Gialdini Celina , Righetti Natalia , Betran Ana P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
While cesarean section is an essential life-saving strategy for women and newborns, its current overuse constitutes a global problem. The aim of this formative research is to collect information from hospitals, health professionals and women regarding the use of cesarean section in Argentina. This article describes the methodology of the study, the characteristics of the hospitals and the profile of the participants.

Methods
This formative research is a mixed-method study that will be conducted in seven provinces of Argentina. The eligibility criteria for the hospitals are (a) use of the Perinatal Information System, (b) cesarean section rate higher than 27% in 2016, (c) ≥ 1000 deliveries per year. Quantitative and qualitative research techniques will be used for data collection and analysis. The main inquiry points are the determining factors for the use of cesarean section, the potential interventions to optimize the use of cesarean section and, in the case of women, their preferred type of delivery.

Discussion
It is expected that the findings will provide a situation diagnosis to help a context-sensitive implementation of the interventions recommended by the World Health Organization to optimize cesarean section use.
Trial registration IS002316

Plain English Summary
Cesarean section is an essential medical tool for mothers and their children, but nowadays its overuse is a problem worldwide. Our purpose is to get information from hospitals, health professionals and women about how cesarean section is used in Argentina. In this protocol we describe how we will carry out the study and the characteristics of the hospitals and participants. We will implement this study in seven provinces of Argentina, in hospitals that have more than 1,000 births each year, had a cesarean section rate higher than 27% in 2016 and use the Perinatal Information System. We will gather information using forms, surveys and interviews. We want to identify the factors that decide the use of a cesarean section, the potential interventions that can improve the use of cesarean section and, in the case of women, the type of delivery they prefer. We expect that this study will give us a diagnosis of how cesarean section is used in Argentina, and that this will help to apply the interventions that the World Health Organization recommends to optimize the use of cesarean section in our specific context.