bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of postoperative oral antibiotic therapy on the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs: 368 eyes (1997–2010)
Authors: Sorhus Meg D. , Corr Amanda , Sun Xiaocun , Ward Daniel A. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of postoperative administration of oral antibiotics at reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract extraction in dogs.MethodsMedical records of the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed for cases having undergone phacoemulsification and divided according to whether or not they had received oral antibiotics postoperatively. Records were then evaluated for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis and incidence rates between the group receiving postoperative oral antibiotics and the group not receiving postoperative oral antibiotics were compared.ResultsA total of 215 patients (368 eyes) were identified by the search. One-hundred twelve patients (197 eyes) were treated with oral antibiotics postoperatively. One-hundred and three patients (171 eyes) were not treated with oral antibiotics postoperatively. Three cases of endophthalmitis were identified, with one in the antibiotic-treated group and two in the non-antibiotic treated group (P> 0.05, Fisher’s exact test).ConclusionsThe overall incidence of endophthalmitis at the University of Tennessee from 1997–2010 was 0.82%. The rate of post-phacoemulsification endophthalmitis was unaffected by the postoperative administration of oral antibiotics.
MicroRNA expression in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice: Upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes Pdcd4 and Reck
Authors: Hiraku Yusuke , Watanabe Jun , Kaneko Akira , Ichinose Takamichi , Murata Mariko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Asbestos causes lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma in humans, but the precise mechanism has not been well understood. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short non-coding RNA that suppresses gene expression and participates in human diseases including cancer. In this study, we examined the expression levels of miRNA and potential target genes in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed mice by microarray analysis.

Methods
We intratracheally administered asbestos (chrysotile and crocidolite, 0.05 or 0.2 mg/instillation) to 6-week-old ICR male mice four times weekly. We extracted total RNA from lung tissues and performed microarray analysis for miRNA and gene expression. We also carried out real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to confirm the results of microarray analysis.

Results
Microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were significantly changed by chrysotile and/or crocidolite (&gt;2-fold, P &lt; .05). Especially, miR-21, an oncogenic miRNA, was significantly upregulated by both chrysotile and crocidolite. In database analysis, miR-21 was predicted to target tumor suppressor genes programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) and reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck). Although real-time PCR showed that Pdcd4 was not significantly downregulated by asbestos exposure, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that PDCD4 expression was reduced especially by chrysotile. Reck was significantly downregulated by chrysotile in real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating that miR-21 was upregulated and corresponding tumor suppressor genes were downregulated in lung tissues of asbestos-exposed animals. These molecular events are considered to be an early response to asbestos exposure and may contribute to pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenesis.
A cross-sectional study of the association between effort-reward imbalance and psychologic distress among Japanese dietitians
Authors: Yaginuma-Sakurai Kozue , Saito Chotoku , Kasahara Yoshiko , Tsuno Kanami , Yoshimasu Kouichi , Tatsuta Nozomi , Goto Miki , Nakai Kunihiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to clarify dietitians’ effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and examine its association with psychologic distress.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 3593 questionnaires were distributed to dietitians in about 110 organizations and 1890 responses were received (response rate 52.6%). Hence, a total of 1743 valid questionnaires were used in the analysis. Effort-reward (ER) ratio was measured by a subscale of the ERI Questionnaire, and psychologic distress was measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). The association between the ER ratio and psychologic distress was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis with covariates.

Results
The mean ER ratio was 0.83 (SD = 0.53) and ERI (ER ratio &gt;1) prevalence was 26.3%. The mean K6 score was 7.1 (5.3), and psychologic distress (K6 score ≥5) prevalence was 62.4%. The increased psychologic distress was associated with a higher ER ratio, less support from supervisors and coworkers, and lower age and household income. ERI was significantly associated with psychologic distress, even after being adjusted for covariates.

Conclusions
Dietitians experience high stress, as shown by their high ER ratio and K6 scores. Their ERI was greatly associated with psychologic distress.
Philomatry in plants: why do so many species have limited seed dispersal?
Authors: Cheplick Gregory P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany have noted limited seed dispersal of plants in diverse environments and attempted evolutionary explanations for it. Althoughphilopatric(“love of fatherland”) is used by zoologists to describe organisms that remain near their place of origin,philomatric(“love of motherland”) is proposed as more appropriate for plants because seeds develop on thematernalparent, fecundity and dispersal arematernallyinfluenced characteristics, and the term dovetails with themother‐site hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of restricted dispersal. Proximate reasons for philomatry include intrinsic drivers such as morphological features of diaspores and where on the maternal parent they are produced. Extrinsic drivers include local environmental conditions, surrounding vegetation, and ineffective dispersal agents. The MSH proposes that selection should favor philomatry in a population adapted to a particular habitat because offspring will likewise be adapted to that same habitat. Several studies show philomatry can mitigate distance‐dependent costs of dispersing into surrounding inhospitable areas. Undispersed diaspores can eliminate energetic costs of accessory structures or biochemicals needed by dispersible diaspores, but it is unclear whether these costs are significant to the evolution of philomatry. Disadvantages of limited dispersal are inability to escape deteriorating habitat conditions, inability to colonize new habitats, and inbreeding among offspring. Heterocarpic species offset these disadvantages by producing dispersed plus undispersed diaspores. A conceptual framework is presented relating dispersal distance to the probability of seedling establishment. Future research should recognize dispersal as a covarying syndrome of multiple life history traits and focus on ecological selection agents that favor philomatry.
The influence of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and cyclonic activity on the behavior of northern sportive lemurs (Lepilemur septentrionalis) at Montagne des Français, Madagascar
Authors: Dinsmore Mary P. , Strier Karen B. , Louis Edward E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic tropical deforestation and degradation imminently threaten primates today. Primates living in these disturbed habitats may also be subjected to increasingly severe tropical storms such as cyclones or hurricanes. These disturbances pose an immediate risk to their livelihood and can dramatically alter their habitats, in turn potentially shifting behavioral patterns. We had the unique opportunity to study the effects of seasonality, anthropogenic disturbances, and the immediate effects of a cyclone on the behavior of the critically endangered northern sportive lemur (NSL) in an anthropogenically disturbed forest in Madagascar. Cyclone Enawo made landfall on March 7, 2017 in northeast Madagascar with sustained wind speeds of 230 km/h. We collected behavioral data on nine individual NSLs during both wet and dry seasons, before and after Cyclone Enawo, and in areas of differing human activity, using scan sampling at 5‐min intervals. We ran generalized linear mixed models to test the effects of seasonality and disturbances on behavior. We found that NSLs spent more time feeding in dry months compared with wet (Z = −4.21, p < 0.001). More specifically, they spent more time‐consuming leaves and vine species in the dry season (Z = −2.26, p = 0.02; Z = −2.3; p = 0.02). We also found that NSLs were observed at lower heights in trees after the cyclone (Z = −2.45; p = 0.016) and spent more time in the interior portions of trees (Z = 3.44; p < 0.001), perhaps due to extensive limb damage of emergent trees documented after the cyclone. Our analyses show that seasonality affected most aspects of NSL behavior, followed by the effects of Cyclone Enawo, with anthropogenic disturbances having little effect. Our data suggest that the behavioral flexibility of NSLs in response to predictable seasonality may enable them to respond similarly to stochastic climatic disturbances. However, their generalist diet may allow them to persist in anthropogenically disturbed landscapes without the need to greatly alter their behavior.
Reevaluation of the cranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the early crocodyliform Eopneumatosuchus colberti, with an emphasis on its endocranial anatomy
Authors: Melstrom Keegan M. , Turner Alan H. , Irmis Randall B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEopneumatosuchus colberti Crompton and Smith, 1980, known from a single partial skull, is an enigmatic crocodylomorph from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation. In spite of its unique morphology, an exceptionally pneumatic braincase, and presence during a critical time period of crocodylomorph evolution, relatively little is known about this taxon. Here, we redescribe the external cranial morphology of E. colberti, present novel information on its endocranial anatomy, evaluate its phylogenetic position among early crocodylomorphs, and seek to better characterize its ecology. Our examination clarifies key aspects of cranial suture paths and braincase anatomy. Comparisons with related taxa (e.g., Protosuchus haughtoni) demonstrate that extreme pneumaticity of the braincase may be more widespread in protosuchids than previously appreciated. Computed tomography scans reveal an endocranial morphology that resembles that of other early crocodylomorphs, in particular the noncrocodyliform crocodylomorph Almadasuchus figarii. There are, however, key differences in olfactory bulb and cerebral hemisphere morphology, which demonstrate the endocranium of crocodylomorphs is not as conserved as previously hypothesized. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers E. colberti as a close relative of Protosuchus richardsoni and Edentosuchus tienshanensis, contrasting with previous hypotheses of a sister group relationship with Thalattosuchia. Previous work suggested the inner ear has some similarities to semi‐aquatic crocodyliforms, but the phylogenetic placement of E. colberti among protosuchids with a terrestrial postcranial skeletal morphology complicates paleoecological interpretation.
Unraveling the innate immune responses of Bombyx mori hemolymph, fat body, and midgut to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus oral infection by metabolomic analysis
Authors: Wang Guobao , Xu Dandan , Guo Dingge , Zhang Yuzhuo , Mai Xiaoxi , Zhang Baoren , Cao Hui , Zhang Shengxiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection causes a series of physiological and pathological changes in Bombyx mori (B. mori). Here, a metabolomic study of the innate immunity organs including hemolymph, fat body, and midgut of the silkworm strain Dazao following BmNPV challenge was conducted to reveal the metabolic variations in B. mori. Compared to the control, 4964 and 4942 features with 4077 and 4327 high‐quality features were generated under positive and negative modes, respectively, from BmNPV‐infected larvae. The principal component analysis and supervised learning method using partial least squares discrimination analysis demonstrated good analytical stability and experimental reproducibility of the metabolic profiles. Based on database annotations, a total of 296, 108, and 215 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified from BmNPV‐infected group of hemolymph, fat body, and midgut, respectively, which were all mainly grouped into carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, and glycerophospholipids. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Database enrichment analysis of the DEMs showed that amino acid metabolism was increased at 24 h after BmNPV infection. BmNPV induction was adopted to significantly alter a series of immune‐related pathways including phospholipase D signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, melanogenesis, membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The different levels of expression of several DEMs including l‐glutamate, naphthalene, 3‐succinoylpyridine 1‐acyl‐sn‐glycerol 3‐phosphate, and l‐tyrosine which were involved in those pathways exhibited the immune responses of B. mori to BmNPV infection. Our findings are valuable for a better understanding of the antiviral mechanism of B. mori underlying the interaction between the silkworm and BmNPV.
The representation of argumentation in scientific papers: A comparative analysis of two research areas
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Song Ningyuan , Zhou Huimin , Cheng Hanghang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScientific papers are essential manifestations of evolving scientific knowledge, and arguments are an important avenue to communicate research results. This study aims to understand how the argumentation process is represented in scientific papers, which is important for knowledge representation, discovery, and retrieval. First, based on fundamental argument theory and scientific discourse ontologies, a coding schema, including 17 categories was constructed. Thereafter, annotation experiments were conducted with 40 scientific articles randomly selected from two different research areas (library and information science and biomedical sciences). Statistical analysis and the sequential pattern mining method were then employed; the ratio of different argumentation units and evidence types were calculated, the argumentation semantics of figures and tables analyzed, and the argumentation structures extracted. A correlation analysis between argumentation and rhetorical structures was also performed to further reveal how argumentation was represented within scientific discourses. The results indicated a difference in the proportion of the argumentation units in the two types of scientific papers, as well as a similar linear construction with differences in the specific argument structures of each knowledge domain and a clear correlation between argumentation and rhetorical structure.
Reachability problem considering running cost
Authors: Liao Wei , Wei Xiaohui , Lai Jizhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize the definition of reachable set. The classic definition of reachable set is a set of system states that can be driven into the target set within a given time horizon. Sometimes, the concern of researchers is not the time consumption but some other form of cost of driving the system state toward the target set. Under this background, the definition of cost‐limited reachable set is put forward in this paper. In this definition, the cost is the time integral of some form of running cost, and the running cost can be a function of system state and control input. By introducing a value function, a method to compute the cost‐limited reachable sets is proposed. In this method, the value function is approximated using recursion and interpolation. Then the cost‐limited reachable sets can be characterized by a family of level sets of the value function. At the end of this paper, some examples are taken to illustrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
Extremely inverted peaked spectrum radio sources
Authors: Mhaskey Mukul , Paul Surajit , Krishna Gopal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report our ongoing search for extremely inverted spectrum compact radio galaxies, for which the defining feature in the radio spectrum is not the spectral peak, but instead the slope of the spectrum () in the high‐opacity (i.e., lower frequency) part of the radio spectrum. Specifically, our focus is on the spectral regime with a spectral index, . The motivation for our study is, first, extragalactic sources with such extreme spectral index are extremely rare, because of the unavailability of the right combination of sensitivity and resolution over a range of low frequencies. The second reason is more physically motivated since α = +2.5 is the maximum slope theoretically possible for a standard radio source emitting synchrotron radiation. Therefore such sources could be the test‐bed for some already proposed alternative scenarios for synchrotron self‐absorption (SSA), like the free‐free absorption (FFA) highlighting the importance of jet‐ISM interaction in the radio galaxy evolution.
COVID‐19 coagulopathies: Human blood proteins mimic SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, vaccine proteins and bacterial co‐infections inducing autoimmunity
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere COVID‐19 is often accompanied by coagulopathies such as thrombocytopenia and abnormal clotting. Rarely, such complications follow SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. The cause of these coagulopathies is unknown. It is hypothesized that coagulopathies accompanying SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and vaccinations result from bacterial co‐infections that synergize with virus‐induced autoimmunity due to antigenic mimicry of blood proteins by both bacterial and viral antigens. Coagulopathies occur mainly in severe COVID‐19 characterized by bacterial co‐infections with Streptococci, Staphylococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. These bacteria express unusually large numbers of antigens mimicking human blood antigens, as do both SARS‐CoV‐2 and adenoviruses. Bacteria mimic cardiolipin, prothrombin, albumin, and platelet factor 4 (PF4). SARS‐CoV‐2 mimics complement factors, Rh antigens, platelet phosphodiesterases, Factors IX and X, von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and VWF protease ADAMTS13. Adenoviruses mimic prothrombin and platelet factor 4. Bacterial prophylaxis, avoidance of vaccinating bacterially infected individuals, and antigen deletion for vaccines may reduce coagulopathy risk. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/zWDOsghrPg8
Effect of covalent photoconjugation of affibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cellular quiescence
Authors: Roy Shambojit , Curry Shane D. , Bibbey Michael G. , Chapnick Douglas A. , Liu Xuedong , Goodwin Andrew P. , Cha Jennifer N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCellular quiescence is a reversible state of cell cycle arrest whereby cells are temporarily maintained in the nondividing phase. Inducing quiescence in cancer cells by targeting growth receptors is a treatment strategy to slow cell growth in certain aggressive tumors, which in turn increases the efficacy of treatments such as surgery or systemic chemotherapy. However, ligand interactions with cell receptors induce receptor‐mediated endocytosis followed by proteolytic degradation, which limits the duration of cellular quiescence. Here, we report the effects of targeted covalent affibody photoconjugation to epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on EGFR‐positive MDA‐MB‐468 breast cancer cells. First, covalently conjugating affibodies to cells increased doubling time two‐fold and reduced ERK activity by 30% as compared to cells treated with an FDA‐approved anti‐EGFR antibody Cetuximab, which binds to EGFR noncovalently. The distribution of cells in each phase of the cell cycle was determined, and cells conjugated with the affibody demonstrated an accumulation in the G1 phase, indicative of G1 cell cycle arrest. Finally, the proliferative capacity of the cells was determined by the incorporation of 5‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine and Ki67 Elisa assay, which showed that the percentage of proliferative cells with photoconjugated affibody was half of that found for the untreated control.
Kinetics of Epoxidation of Cyclooctene with Ionic Liquids Containing Tungstate as Micellar Catalyst
Authors: Zehner Bastian , Korth Wolfgang , Schmidt Fabian , Cokoja Mirza , Jess Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of cyclooctene epoxidation with H2O2 by micellar catalysis was studied. As catalyst, an ionic liquid (IL) containing the catalytically active tungstate anion was used. The tungstate IL forms micelles in the aqueous H2O2 phase. It is simply formed by dissolving sodium tungstate and 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4] in aqueous H2O2. For the epoxidation of cyclooctene by micellar catalysis, a power law kinetic model was determined that takes the critical micelle concentration into account. The kinetics of the [OMIM][BF4]/Na2WO4 catalyst is similar to pure [OMIM]2[WO4], which indicates that the active species is formed in situ. Addition of phenylphosphonic acid improves the activity of the tungstate IL. The most effective catalyst was tested in a semi‐continuous and continuous loop reactor.
Parts‐per‐Million‐Level, Catalytic [3+2]‐Annulations for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Methanobenzo[7]annulenes
Authors: Thirupathi Guguloth , Ashok Etikala , Suresh Kumar A. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract3‐Alkyl‐lawsones selectively reacted with α‐alkyl‐nitroethylenes under 500 parts‐per‐million (ppm) quinine‐NH‐thiourea‐catalysis to furnish the chiral methanobenzo[7]annulenes in up to >99 % ee with >20 : 1 dr and TON up to 1820 through tandem Michael/Henry [3+2]‐annulations. These asymmetric ppm‐level, catalytic tandem [3+2]‐annulations would be highly inspirational for the design of many more ppm‐level organocatalytic reactions, and at the same time these final molecules are basic skeletons of antibiotics.
All Ag Nanoparticles Are Not the Same: Covalent Interactions between Ag Nanoparticles and Nitrile Groups Help Combat Drug‐ and Ag‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Mohanty Abhijeet , Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Vernekar Amit A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance has long been viewed as a lethal threat to global health. Despite the availability of a wide range of antibacterial medicines all around the world, organisms have evolved a resistance mechanism to these therapies. As a result, a scenario has emerged requiring the development of effective antibacterial drugs/agents. In this article, we exclusively highlight a significant finding reported by Zbořil and associates (Adv. Sci. 2021, 2003090). The authors construct a covalently bounded silver‐cyanographene (GCN/Ag) with the antibacterial activity of 30 fold higher than that of free Ag ions or typical Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). Ascribed to the strong covalent bond between nitrile and Ag, an immense cytocompatibility is shown by the GCN/Ag towards healthy human cells with a minute leaching of Ag ions. Firm interactions between the microbial membrane and the GCN/Ag are confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, which rule out the dependence of antibacterial activity upon the Ag ions alone. Thus, this study furnishes ample scope to unfold next‐generation hybrid antimicrobial drugs to confront infections arising from drug and Ag‐resistant bacterial strains.