bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and protective factors associated with grandparent kinship caregivers' psychological distress in COVID‐19: Kinship license status as a moderator
Authors: Xu Yanfeng , Jedwab Merav , Wu Qi , Levkoff Sue E. , Xu Ling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 and its related policy measures have increased the psychological distress of individuals, including grandparent kinship caregivers. Guided by the Resilience Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation, this study examines relationships between material hardship, parenting stress, social support, resilience and psychological distress of grandparent kinship caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as the moderating role of kinship license status on these relationships. Kinship care licensing is a prerequisite to receiving financial assistance and other supporting services from the government. We administered a cross‐sectional survey of grandparent kinship caregivers (N = 362) in the United States. Logistic regression results indicated that material hardship was associated with higher odds of experiencing psychological distress, whereas resilience and social support were associated with lower odds. Kinship license status moderated the relationships of social support and resilience with psychological distress. Results suggest that additional emergency funds and more tailored financial services should be provided to meet material needs, and interventions with a focus on resilience and social support are particularly needed. The moderating effects of license status indicate that some interventions should be specifically implemented among licensed kinship caregivers, whereas parallel services should be provided to kinship caregivers regardless of their license status.
Clinical and genetic spectrum of 104 Indian families with central nervous system white matter abnormalities
Authors: Kaur Parneet , do Rosario Michelle C , Hebbar Malavika , Sharma Suvasini , Kausthubham Neethukrishna , Nair Karthik , A Shrikiran , Bhat Y Ramesh , Lewis Leslie Edward S , Nampoothiri Sheela , Patil Siddaramappa J , Suresh Narayanaswami , Bijarnia Mahay Sunita , Dua Puri Ratna , Pai Shivanand , Kaur Anupriya , KC Rakshith , Kamath Nutan , Bajaj Shruti , Kumble Ali , Shetty Rajesh , Shenoy Rathika , Kamate Mahesh , Shah Hitesh , Muranjan Mamta N , BL Yatheesha , Avabratha K Shreedhara , Subramaniam Girish , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Bielas Stephanie , Girisha Katta Mohan , Shukla Anju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenetic disorders with predominant central nervous system white matter abnormalities (CNS WMAs), also called leukodystrophies, are heterogeneous entities. We ascertained 117 individuals with CNS WMAs from 104 unrelated families. Targeted genetic testing was carried out in 16 families and 13 of them received a diagnosis. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) was performed for three families and one received a diagnosis. Mendeliome sequencing was used for testing 11 families and all received a diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 80 families and was diagnostic in 52 (65%). Singleton WES was diagnostic for 50/75 (66.67%) families. Overall, genetic diagnoses were obtained in 77 families (74.03%). Twenty‐two of 47 distinct disorders observed in this cohort have not been reported in Indian individuals previously. Notably, disorders of nuclear mitochondrial pathology were most frequent (9 disorders in 20 families). Thirty‐seven of 75 (49.33%) disease‐causing variants are novel. To sum up, the present cohort describes the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of genetic disorders with CNS WMAs in our population. It demonstrates WES, especially singleton WES, as an efficient tool in the diagnosis of these heterogeneous entities. It also highlights possible founder events and recurrent disease‐causing variants in our population and their implications on the testing strategy.
Impact of risk‐stratified mycophenolate dosing in heart transplantation
Authors: Alam Amit , Van Zyl Johanna S. , Hall Shelley A. , Sam Teena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMycophenolate mofetil (MMF), the prodrug of mycophenolic acid, is a highly effective immunosuppressive agent in heart transplant therapy. While the FDA approved dose is 1500 mg twice daily, dosing is often reduced due to dose‐dependent adverse effects. However, empiric MMF dose reductions may lead to sub‐therapeutic dosing and impair clinical outcomes. Our single center protocolized a risk‐stratified approach based on age and weight to dose 500 mg twice daily or 1000 mg twice daily to patients after heart transplantation. This retrospective single‐center study analyzed 140 consecutive heart transplant patients who were initiated on our risk‐stratified MMF protocol post‐transplant. The analysis revealed that the composite rate of biopsy‐proven rejection, graft loss, or mortality at 1‐year post‐transplantation was similar between the two groups. Incidence of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, or acute kidney injury by 1‐year also showed similar results between the two groups. Risk‐stratification of MMF dosing appears to be a safe and effective strategy after heart transplantation.
Assessing Muslim women’s power: Islamism, political engagement, and the gender gap
Authors: Shaykhutdinov Renat , Achilov Dilshod 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhat explains the gender gap in collective political activism in the Muslims world? Under what conditions do Muslim women actively engage in mass political activism? Utilizing the World Values Survey (2010–2012; n = 19,616) and shifting the theoretical focus on the largely ignored meso‐level of analysis of organizational effects, this study conducts a two‐level analysis to (1) chart and reassess the gender gap and (2) analyze the extent to which the gender gap shapes collective political activism in 16 Muslim‐majority states. It probes the variation of protest engagement of women at individual, institutional, and state levels. Our findings suggest that while men appear more likely, on average, to engage in collective action, women with high associational social capital appear more likely than women and men without such capital to embark on collective protests in Muslim‐majority states. Notably, active engagement in civil society social networks emerges as a robust predictor of political engagement, suggesting that associational social capital remains an important factor of motivation and vehicle for mass political activism, particularly among Muslim women.
The effect of microglial inhibition on the expression of BDNF, KCC2, and GABAA receptor before and after the establishment of CCI‐induced neuropathic pain model
Authors: Zarei Malek , Sabetkasaei Masoumeh , Moini Zanjani Taraneh , Sahebi Vaighan Navideh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDamage to the peripheral or central nervous system results in neuropathic pain. Based on a complicated mechanism, neuropathic pain has no efficient treatment so far. It has been well‐known that the expression of some proteins (BDNF, KCC2, GABA‐A) during neuropathic pain changes. Microglial cell activation is considered as a trigger to alter the expression of these proteins. In the current study, the effect of minocycline as a potent microglial activation inhibitor on the gene and protein expression of these neuropathic pain mediators was investigated. This experiment was done in two paradigms, preinjury and postinjury administration of minocycline. In each paradigm, male Wistar rats (weight 150–200 g, n = 6) were allocated to sham, control, and drug groups. Minocycline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1 h before or at day seven after nerve injury and continued till day 14 in the preemptive or postinjury part of the study, respectively. After the last injection, the animals were decapitated and the lumbar part of the spinal cord was isolated to assess the expression of genes and proteins of interest. In the preventive study, minocycline increased the expression of KCC2 and GABA‐A/γ2 proteins and decreased BDNF expression. On the other hand, the target gene expression and protein expression were not changed when minocycline was administered after nerve injury. It seems that minocycline was able to change the expression of proteins of interest merely when used before nerve damage.
Synthesis reveals that island species–area relationships emerge from processes beyond passive sampling
Authors: Gooriah Leana , Blowes Shane A. , Sagouis Alban , Schrader Julian , Karger Dirk N. , Kreft Holger , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe island species–area relationship (ISAR) quantifies how the number of species increases as the area of an island or island‐like habitat gets larger and is one of the most general patterns in ecology. However, studies that measure the ISAR often confound variation in sampling methodology and analyses, precluding appropriate syntheses of its underlying mechanisms. Most ISAR studies use only presence–absence data at the whole‐island scale, whereas we planned to use a framework that applies individual‐based rarefaction to synthesize whether and how the ISAR differs from the null expectation of the passive sampling hypothesis.LocationFive hundred and five islands from 34 different archipelagos across the world, including oceanic islands, lake islands and forest islands.Major taxa studiedLocal assemblages of plants, invertebrates, herpetofauna, birds and mammals.MethodsWe collated local‐scale species abundance data from multiple archipelagos (median of 12 islands per study) and used a rarefaction‐based approach to synthesize the relationship between island size and (1) sample effort‐controlled rarefied species richness, or (2) an effective number of species derived from the probability of interspecific encounter (an index of community evenness).ResultsWhen we applied rarefaction to control for sampling effort, the numbers of species and their relative abundances across all studies differed from the passive sampling hypothesis. Our measure of evenness also increased with island size, suggesting that the disproportionate effects we observed influenced both rarer and more common species. We found few associations between the slope of this effect and island type or taxon, but we did find that island archipelagos with greater elevational heterogeneity also deviated more from the null expectation than those with less heterogeneity.Main conclusionsUsing a synthetic approach across island archipelagos, we reject the null expectation that passive sampling causes the ISAR and instead suggest that ecological mechanisms leading to disproportionate (non‐random) effects on larger relative to smaller islands are predominant.
Research, curation, and writing differently—A review of Aesthetics, Organization, and Humanistic Management
Authors: Slater Ruth Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis is a review of the book edited by Kostera and Woźniak (2020) which showcases the novel ways the combination of aesthetics and humanistic management can enhance research in organization and management. The purpose of such an endeavour is to provide more valuable and actionable insight into the human condition, improve human dignity and promote human understanding and flourishing. Over 15 chapters, this book showcases a wide range of research and investigation through various forms of human esthetic endeavor. The chapters are discrete and the research uses methods involving aesthetics to inquire or concern art in its widest sense to enhance understanding and optimize sense‐making for all organizational members. The latter is an activity that all humans should enjoy to promote human flourishing and many of the chapters engage in this way.
Increased risk of catheter‐related infection in critically ill patients given catecholamine inotropes during continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Liu Xiaotian , Ye Hongjian , Zheng Xunhua , Zheng Zhihua , Chen Wei , Yu Xueqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious in vitro studies have shown that catecholamine inotropes are potent stimulators of bacterial growth and biofilm formation on catheter surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering catecholamine inotropes during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on catheter‐related infections in critically ill patients.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective cohort study included patients requiring CRRT in an intensive care unit from 2016 to 2017, who were divided into those who received and did not receive catecholamine inotropes for ≥24 h (catecholamine and control groups, respectively). The primary endpoint was catheter‐related infection, including catheter‐related colonization (CRCOL) and catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI).FindingsWe included 235 patients with 297 dialysis catheters. The catecholamine group had higher proportions of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.002), shock (p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001), and antibiotic use (p = 0.013). There was no significant between‐group difference in the CRBSI incidence (5.742 vs. 3.143 events/1000 catheter‐days; p = 0.205). However, the CRCOL incidence was significantly higher in the catecholamine group than in the control group (6.221 vs. 0.898 events/1000 catheter‐days; p = 0.006). The prominent pathogenic bacteria were gram‐negative bacteria. After adjusting for confounding factors in multivariate logistic models, catecholamine inotropes (OR: 3.575, 95% CI: 1.422–9.912, p = 0.008) and immunosuppression (OR: 2.980, 95% CI: 1.137–7.812, p = 0.026) were independently associated with a higher risk of catheter‐related infections.DiscussionWe observed a similar incidence of catheter‐related infection with that in other CRRT patients. Using catecholamine inotropes in those patients increased CRCOL risk, which is consistent with previous in vitro studies. Our findings suggest that catecholamine inotropes is an independent risk factor for catheter‐related infections in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT.
COVID‐19 disparities by gender and income: Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: LAVADO Rouselle F. , NOWACKA Keiko , RAITZER David A. , RODGERS Yana van der Meulen , ZVEGLICH Joseph E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the resulting containment policies have hit the Philippines harder than most developing countries. The government lockdown is among the strictest in the world, and blanket school closures are the lengthiest. This article uses a novel simulation model to estimate the gendered and regional impacts of these factors on labour, income and poverty, and a case study of school closures points to the losses in employment among private school teachers and in the income of parents with young children. The authors find that the pandemic has had unprecedented implications for economic activity and has disproportionately affected women.
Balancing selection and wild gene pool contribute to resistance in global rice germplasm against planthopper
Authors: Zhou Cong , Zhang Qian , Chen Yu , Huang Jin , Guo Qin , Li Yi , Wang Wensheng , Qiu Yongfu , Guan Wei , Zhang Jing , Guo Jianping , Shi Shaojie , Wu Di , Zheng Xiaohong , Nie Lingyun , Tan Jiaoyan , Huang Chaomei , Ma Yinhua , Yang Fang , Fu Xiqin , Du Bo , Zhu Lili , Chen Rongzhi , Li Zhikang , Yuan Longping , He Guangcun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInteractions and co‐evolution between plants and herbivorous insects are critically important in agriculture. Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most severe insect of rice, and the biotypes adapt to feed on different rice genotypes. Here, we present genomics analyses on 1,520 global rice germplasms for resistance to three BPH biotypes. Genome‐wide association studies identified 3,502 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 59 loci associated with BPH resistance in rice. We cloned a previously unidentified gene Bph37 that confers resistance to BPH. The associated loci showed high nucleotide diversity. Genome‐wide scans for trans‐species polymorphisms revealed ancient balancing selection at the loci. The secondarily evolved insect biotypes II and III exhibited significantly higher virulence and overcame more rice varieties than the primary biotype I. In response, more SNPs and loci evolved in rice for resistance to biotypes II and III. Notably, three exceptional large regions with high SNP density and resistance‐associated loci on chromosomes 4 and 6 appear distinct between the resistant and susceptible rice varieties. Surprisingly, these regions in resistant rice might have been retained from wild species Oryza nivara. Our findings expand the understanding of long‐term interactions between rice and BPH and provide resistance genes and germplasm resources for breeding durable BPH‐resistant rice varieties.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: A truly size‐independent method?
Authors: Tamalunas Alexander , Westhofen Thilo , Schott Melanie , Keller Patrick , Atzler Michael , Stief Christian G. , Magistro Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of prostate size on functional outcomes and perioperative morbidity, we analyzed patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). As LUTS secondary to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) are a chronic progressive disease, prevalence and prostate size increase with age. HoLEP is a size‐independent method for surgical treatment of LUTS/BPO and can be offered in medication‐refractory patients with durable long‐term results and reduced perioperative morbidity.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of 852 patients who underwent HoLEP for LUTS secondary to BPO between 2014‐2018. Patients were divided into group 1 (≤60 cc), group 2 (>60 < 120 cc), group 3 (≥120 cc). Perioperative parameters, safety and short‐term functional outcomes were assessed and analyzed.ResultsPatients in group 3 were significantly older and showed a significantly higher median prostate‐specific antigen level. Perioperative parameters, such as enucleation time and morcellation time significantly differed in favor of smaller prostate sizes, while enucleation and morcellation speed showed favorable results for larger prostate sizes. Larger prostates ≥120 cc showed a significantly higher postoperative drop in hemoglobin. However, patients did not differ in postoperative functional outcomes or Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥II complications (4.8% of all patients [41/852]). There was no difference in perioperative complications between all groups (P = 0.760).ConclusionWhile larger prostates take significantly longer to operate on, postoperative functional outcomes show no difference between all sizes. In conclusion, HoLEP is a size‐independent and effective method for surgical treatment of LUTS/BPO in prostates ≥30 cc.
Identification and pairing reassessment of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites from four Antarctic dense collection areas
Authors: Righter Kevin , Schutt John , Lunning Nicole , Harvey Ralph , Karner James 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew analyses of Cr2O3 contents of olivines from type II chondrules in unequilibrated chondrites (UOC) from four dense collections are reported here. This survey of petrologic type 3 UOCs was undertaken to identify primitive chondrites that may have been overlooked, and to address possible pairing errors. We have identified 23 primitive UOCs (≤3.10) (only five identified previously, for a total of 28 overall), and also recommend other revisions to prior classifications and pairings.
Nickel–manganese variability in olivine and Al‐in‐olivine thermometry for olivine‐phyric shergottites
Authors: Ramsey Sierra R. , Howarth Geoffrey H. , Udry Arya , Gross Juliane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOlivine‐phyric shergottites represent primitive Martian magmas, but they commonly contain excess olivine and rarely represent primary mantle melts. Olivine chemistry, however, tracks magma evolution and preserves information on the original parent magma composition. Here, we investigate the applicability of the Al‐in‐olivine thermometer in tandem with olivine chemistry in a suite of 13 olivine‐phyric shergottites to constrain the compositions and conditions of their mantle sources and parental magmas. We show that the Al‐in‐olivine thermometer is a robust method for constraining crystallization temperatures in shergottites, yielding temperatures in agreement with experimental work. In contrast, we do not recommend olivine–spinel thermometry relying on Mg‐Fe in olivine, which underestimates crystallization temperatures by 160–380 °C. Olivine chemistry reveals distinct differences in Ni concentrations between shergottite groups, with enriched shergottites generally having higher Ni at a given forsterite (Fo) content. Nickel variations in terrestrial olivine are often accredited to contributions from a pyroxenite source; however, the same mechanism is not responsible for Ni variations in Martian olivine. Here, we favor a model for variable olivine modal abundance, caused by multiple melting episodes in the depleted mantle source, affecting Ni partitioning during melting to account for the Ni variations observed. In addition, we show that olivine Ni‐Mn variations in depleted shergottites indicate variable petrogenetic histories and parental magmas. Tissint contains elevated Ni in olivine more similar to the enriched shergottites whereas DaG 1037 has elevated Mn in olivine suggesting an Mn‐enriched parent magma relative to other depleted shergottites.
Metabolic acidosis in the initial 6 months after renal transplantation: A prospective study
Authors: George Kristin , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Subbiah Arun Kumar , Yadav Raj Kanwar , Mahajan Sandeep , Bhowmik Dipankar , Agarwal Sanjay Kumar , Bagchi Soumita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information about the incidence of metabolic acidosis (MA) after renal transplantation. This single centre prospective study aimed to delineate the incidence and risk factors of MA in the first 6 months after renal transplantation (RTX).Design, setting, participants and measurementsPatients who underwent RTX between November 2018 and July 2020 were monitored with weekly measurement of serum bicarbonate level for 6 months and those who were diagnosed with MA were evaluated further to characterize the type of MA.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐five patients were included in the study, 89 (71.2%) of whom developed MA. Seventy‐two patients developed MA in the first month, 11 during the 2–3 months and 6 between 4 and 6 months after transplantation. Of the 89 patients, 55(61.8%) had type 1 renal tubular acidosis (T1RTA), 27 (30.3%) had type 2 RTA (T2RTA) and 7 (7.9%) type 4 RTA (T4RTA). Two patient who had T1RTA, subsequently developed high anion gap MA following severe graft rejection. On stepwise multivariate regression analysis, serum creatinine at time of diagnosis of MA [OR (95% CI): 12.02 (1.79 to 80.59),p = .01] and high tacrolimus C0 levels [OR (95% CI): 2.43 (1.0 to 5.90),p = .049], were independent risk factors for MA.ConclusionThere is a high incidence of MA in the initial 6 months post‐transplant with serum creatinine and high tacrolimus C0 levels being independent risk factors.