bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit to Americans Without Dependent Children on Psychological Distress
Authors: Courtin Emilie , Allen Heidi L , Katz Lawrence F , Miller Cynthia , Aloisi Kali , Muennig Peter A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Antipoverty policies have the potential to improve mental health. We conducted a randomized trial (Paycheck Plus Health Study Randomized Controlled Trial, New York, New York) to investigate whether a 4-fold increase in the Earned Income Tax Credit for low-income Americans without dependent children would reduce psychological distress relative to the current federal credit. Between 2013 and 2014, a total of 5,968 participants were recruited; 2,997 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 2,971 were assigned to the control group. Survey data were collected 32 months postrandomization (n = 4,749). Eligibility for the program increased employment by 1.9 percentage points and after-bonus earnings by 6% ($635/year), on average, over the 3 years of the study. Treatment was associated with a marginally statistically significant decline in psychological distress, as measured by the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, relative to the control group (score change = −0.30 points, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.63, 0.03; P = 0.072). Women in the treated group experienced a half-point reduction in psychological distress (score change = −0.55 points, 95% CI: −0.97, −0.13; P = 0.032), and noncustodial parents had a 1.36-point reduction (95% CI: −2.24, −0.49; P = 0.011). Expansion of a large antipoverty program to individuals without dependent children reduced psychological distress for women and noncustodial parents—the groups that benefitted the most in terms of increased after-bonus earnings.
Shadow Politics: Front Stage and the Veneer of Volunteerism
Authors: Udupa Sahana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article proposes the metaphor of “shadow” to examine two interrelated aspects of digital politics in India: online surveillance of politically inclined actors and datafied shadow texts aimed at managing front stage politics. The specificity of “shadow politics” emerges from ongoing transformations that are deeply interwoven with the digital, first with the data driven confidence around the “total certainty” of tracking and calibrating voter sentiments, and second, with the ideology of digital participation and related claims that data machines are merely tapping into people’s sovereign expressions online.
Flecainide toxicity associated with the use of goji berries: a case report
Authors: Guzmán Carlos E , Guzmán-Moreno Carla Gabriela , Assad-Morell José Luis , Carrizales-Sepúlveda Edgar Francisco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Goji berries (GB), usually marketed as a ‘superfruit’, are a widely used herbal supplement. As with other herbal remedies, the use of GB might be associated with herb–drug interactions, increasing plasma levels of other drugs and causing adverse events. Here, we present the case of a patient that developed flecainide toxicity secondary to an herb–drug interaction, associated with the use of GB to prevent COVID-19.

Case summary
A 75-year-old female presented to the emergency department with fainting. She was taking flecainide for the treatment of atrial extrasystoles diagnosed 2 years previously, and she was using a tea of GB for the prevention of COVID-19. The admission electrocardiogram showed a wide complex polymorphic tachycardia that was considered and treated as flecainide toxicity. The patient had a favourable evolution and was discharged 48 h after admission.

Discussion
Flecainide toxicity is uncommon and needs timely recognition and treatment; it is usually secondary to overdose and renal or hepatic failure. In our case, toxicity was associated with GB use, probably by inhibition of CYP2D6 which is the main enzyme associated with the metabolism of flecainide. Clinicians need to be aware of the possible interactions between herbal remedies (in this case used for the prevention of COVID-19) and cardiovascular drugs that are used to treat chronic cardiovascular diseases.
Three-dimensional passive-source anisotropic reverse time migration for imaging lithospheric discontinuities
Authors: Zou Peng , Cheng Jiubing 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYThe scattered teleseismic body waves have been used intensively to characterize the receiver-side lithospheric structures. The routinely used ray-theory-based methods have limitations to image complex structures and tackle strong heterogeneities. The newly developed wave-equation based, passive-source reverse time migration (RTM) approach can overcome such limitations. To date, passive-source RTM has been developed only for isotropic media. However, at least to the first-order, most lithospheric structures possess effective transverse isotropy with spatially variable symmetry directions. It is important to know the magnitudes of imaging errors that may be introduced by passive-source RTM when seismic anisotropy is treated in an incorrect way. In this paper, we investigate the influence of elastic anisotropy on teleseismic P-to-S conversions at the lithospheric discontinuities and explain why an isotropic RTM may fail to focus the converted wavefields from the perspective of relative arrival time variations with backazimuth and shear wave splitting. Accordingly, we extend the passive-source RTM approach for imaging 3-D lithospheric targets possessing transverse isotropy from the following two aspects: First, the teleseismic recordings with direct P and converted S phases are reverse-time extrapolated using rotated staggered grid (RSG) pseudospectral method, which can tackle strong heterogeneity and transverse isotropies with symmetry axes in arbitrary direction; Secondly, the backward elastic wavefields are efficiently decomposed into vector anisotropic P and S modes to support accurate imaging.
Community research collaboration to develop a promotores-based hereditary breast cancer education program for Spanish-speaking Latinas
Authors: Almeida Rebeca , Lopez-Macha Alejandra , Dugatkin Tania , Joseph Galen , Duron Ysabel , Hurtado de Mendoza Alejandra , D. Graves Kristi , Fejerman Laura 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Latinas and the leading cause of cancer death. Latinas tend to be diagnosed at later stages, receive poorer quality care and have a higher risk of mortality than non-Latina White (NLW) women. Among women with a genetic predisposition to hereditary BC, genetic counseling can be beneficial. Latinas participate in genetic counseling at lower rates than NLW women. The goal of this study was to develop comprehensive, culturally appropriate materials for community health educators (promotores)-led hereditary BC education program for Spanish-speaking Latinas. We developed the curriculum through feedback from 7 focus groups, with a total of 68 participants (35 promotores and 33 community members). We used a mixed-methods approach that relied on quantitative analysis of survey questions and qualitative content analysis of the focus groups transcripts. Pre and post promotores’ training survey responses suggested improvement in the promotores’ cancer-related knowledge. Themes that emerged from the qualitative analyses were (i) barriers to health education and/or care; (ii) importance of educating the Latino community about BC and genetics and (iii) role of the promotores. Future research will further evaluate the impact of the program in promotores’ knowledge and community members’ screening behaviors.
What is dementia?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dementia is the term used to describe progressive impairment of thinking and memory that interferes with daily function. Dementia is not a specific disorder; rather, it is a condition with many causes. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Other common causes of dementia include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, primary progressive aphasia which comes in the logopenic, semantic, and nonfluent/agrammatic variants, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Primary care providers are able to diagnose most straightforward cases of dementia, whereas specialists such as neuropsychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and geriatricians may be needed when the diagnosis is not straightforward.
How do you build your care team?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
No one person can manage the demands of dementia alone. Building a strong care team early following a diagnosis is critical to your wellbeing and to providing your loved one with the best care. By reaching out to family, friends, neighbors, and professional caregivers, you can limit your burden, reduce your feelings of isolation, and create a healthier environment for you and your loved one. Your loved one’s doctor should be a source of help as well. Support groups can provide you with information and important skills in addition to emotional support. Whether as a day program or overnight stay, respite care may be an invaluable resource for you. National organizations dedicated to Alzheimer’s disease and dementia can also be an invaluable resource.
How to plan for the end and beyond
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although discussing the death of your loved one may be uncomfortable, we believe it is best to be prepared. Have conversations with your loved one about the end of their life. Consider hospice and palliative care, the death itself, the ceremony, and what should be done with their body and brain. Think about whether you wish to be present at the death. Managing grief and preparing for your future after your loved one has died are important. Find the resources you need to cope with the many emotions you may feel during the grieving process. Build a life for yourself after caregiving.
Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This text outlines the empirical research, theoretical underpinnings, and clinical application of a novel supportive-expressive psychotherapy for patients with metastatic cancer and their caregivers. Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully, known by its acronym of CALM, provides a framework for therapists with diverse backgrounds and training to help patients and their caregivers to address the practical and profound challenges of advanced cancer and to live their lives as meaningfully as possible. CALM provides reflective space for them to consider treatment decisions and communication with their health care providers, disruptions in identity, attachment security and the sense of meaning in their life, and to address fears, hopes, and concerns related to the end of life. Particular attention is paid in CALM to the regulation of affect, to the renegotiation of attachment relationships and to helping patients and their caregivers to sustain “double awareness” of the possibilities for living, while also managing their disease and planning for the end of life. Such an approach not only helps to prevent depression and death anxiety, but also helps to reclaim the loss of the imaginative possibilities for living in the context of all-consuming cancer care. The universal dimensions of advanced cancer and the semi-structured nature of CALM permit it to be delivered in the language and cultural idiom of cancer treatment settings in virtually all parts of the world. This text provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date description of the evidence base for CALM, its theoretical foundations and a manualized guide to its clinical application, filled with rich clinical illustrations.
CALM and the Desire for Death
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the loss of the will to live, the desire for hastened death, and suicidality in patients with advanced disease. The challenge of distinguishing the loss of the will to live as a manifestation of depression from nonpathological death acceptance is explored and the clinical implications of such distinctions are examined. The quantitative findings from our longitudinal research regarding the prevalence, trajectory, and correlates of the desire for death in patients with advanced cancer are presented. The qualitative findings from this research revealed three distinct dimensions of the desire for death, only one of which reflects the literal wish to end life. The role of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in alleviating death anxiety, in examining the desire for death, in enhancing death preparation, and in improving communication with healthcare providers is considered here.
Measuring Process and Outcome in CALM
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the qualitative and quantitative evidence base for Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) and the role of relevant, validated measures in substantiating its effectiveness and informing its clinical practice. The early qualitative evidence for the benefit of CALM is reviewed and the challenges inherent in generating meaningful quantitative results in an advanced cancer population are described. An important component of the early work on CALM included the development and validation of measures to assess relevant outcomes in this population. This resulted in development of new measures of distress related to death and dying and of perceived clinical benefit from CALM, and of modified measures for attachment security, quality of life, and treatment integrity. The results of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrating the effectiveness of CALM are presented and the unique value of measures of treatment process and treatment integrity are described. Finally, the clinical utility of outcome and process measures in terms of guiding CALM therapy is considered.
Military Medical Research and Experimentation
Authors: Gross Michael L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Medicine is often unprepared for the physical and psychological wounds of modern war. Military medicine requires urgent research to treat traumatic brain injury, develop resuscitation techniques, upgrade surgical procedures, and acquire effective drugs. Retrospective, observational, and survey studies dominate the literature. However, clinically controlled experimental studies, the gold standard of medical research, are rare in military medicine. Stringent informed consent requirements to protect service members from coercion and undue influence make it difficult to enlist them for in-theater clinical studies. When a research subject is unconscious and his representative is unavailable to give consent, investigators can request waivers. But due to concerns about patient vulnerability, waivers are rarely granted to allow researchers to recruit injured soldiers in the field. Easing informed consent requirements to match those of civilian medical research, and intensifying efforts to recruit civilian research subjects during war will improve the prospects of clinical research.
Warfighter Enhancement: Research and Technology
Authors: Gross Michael L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To improve warfighter performance, medical science seeks pharmacological, surgical, genetic, and neurological technologies to make soldiers smarter, faster, stronger, and more alert. The sought after soldier is a gladiator or Jedi knight. Scientific research, however, is unwarranted if superfluous, and there are grave doubts about the usefulness of super soldiers in modern warfare where warfighters need language and cultural skills rather than strength and endurance. Beneficial enhancement research, therefore, focuses on learning, information analysis, and organizational efficiency that do not require invasive, irreversible, or surgical interventions. Utilizing noninvasive technologies such as wearables or neuroplasticity training carry few risks and enable research subjects to give fully informed consent. Nevertheless, medical scientists are not conducting therapeutic research to ameliorate pain and suffering. They are building weapons of war. As a result, enhancement researchers and providers jeopardize their immunity on the battlefield and leave themselves liable to defensive killing in war.
Transradial Access Techniques
Authors: Luther Evan , Chen Stephanie H. , Jabbour Pascal M. , Peterson Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The room set-up and patient positioning of the transradial approach (TRA) are different from that of the transfemoral approach (TFA). This is critical to the success of transitioning a medical practice. The most important areas are keeping the hand tight on the patient’s hip, minimal hand supination, and building up the space next to the knee to provide a platform for the catheters to lie during a transradial procedure. The initial patient positioning, room set-up, access techniques, and medications are reviewed, including cocktail, puncture techniques and sheath placement, as well as setup and hand positioning for left radial access procedures.
Transradial Interventional Procedures
Authors: Snelling Brian , Chen Stephanie H. , Jabbour Pascal M. , Peterson Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe majority of neurointerventions can be performed via the radial approach, even with the femoral catheters. The specific case set-up depends on the goals of the intervention. If using the femoral catheters, one is limited to the 6F and 8F systems. The former offers the protection of a radial sheath, the latter must be performed sheathlessly. The size of the radial artery and difficulty and support demands of the case dictate the preferred setup. With minimal experience, once diagnostic angiography is mastered, interventions can easily be learned. The technical pearls and nuances of performing complex neurointervention via the radial approach are reviewed.
Aneurysm Treatment
Authors: Storey Christopher , Lebovitz Jonathon , Peterson Eric C. , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transradial approach offers safer access than the transfemoral approach based on the cardiac literature. The dual-antiplatelet requirements of many interventions and the high prevalence of patients on anticoagulation have made the transradial approach the access of choice for elective interventions. For ruptured cases, the benefit provides quicker extubation to reduce risk of pneumonia. All treatment modalities up to 6F triaxial systems can be used for embolization as one would from the femoral approach. All current neurointerventional therapies can be performed from a transradial approach. One needs to realize that, with new technologies, transradial neurointervention will become simpler, more efficient, and reliable.
Treatment of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Khanna Omaditya , Peterson Eric C. , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transradial approach has been increasingly utilized for the diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with great success. The proximity of the radial artery catheterization site to the cerebrum has allowed for navigation of the fragile vasculature of AVFs and AVMs with ease and plenty of support. Intraoperative angiography has tremendously benefitted from transradial catheterization due to the ease of radial access regardless of the intricate patient positioning required for microsurgical resection. This chapter provides a detailed account of the technical details of the transradial approach for the treatment of AVF/AVMs.
Use of Long Radial Sheaths for Radial Artery Spasm in Neurointerventions
Authors: Luther Evan , Jabbour Pascal M. , Peterson Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the challenges of the radial approach is radial artery spasm. Because of the smaller caliber, the guide catheters can cause significant spasm that can complicate the procedure or even preclude it. One of the most effective ways to avoid radial artery spasm and stuck catheters is to employ the use of a protective sheath. Recently special long radial sheaths have been developed that completely cover the radial artery, thus precluding the possibility of spasm. In addition, the protection results in less trauma to the innovation of long radial sheaths has dramatically decreased the issues surrounding radial artery spasm. The nuances of the long radial sheaths and a protocol for their use are described.
Pediatric Transradial Approach
Authors: Hafazalla Karim , Saiegh Fadi Al , Peterson Eric C. , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neuroendovascular surgery has become an indispensable domain in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease with a slew of treatment options for numerous pathologies. The field experienced a movement toward a transradial approach for diagnostic and interventional procedures. Advantages of the transradial approach include lower risk for complications, which can be fatal using the transfemoral route, higher patient satisfaction, and shorter hospital stays. Those advantages are not unique to the adult population but are, in fact, even more pronounced in pediatrics. They include early mobilization of patients since flat bed rest is not required as it is with transfemoral puncture for hemostasis at the groin. This also obviates the need for continuous intravenous sedatives, which is fraught with its own risks. Early reports have demonstrated the feasibility of transradial cerebral angiography in children. Others have also shown that the transradial approach can be safely used to administer intra-arterial chemotherapy in children with retinoblastoma. A standardized protocol is imperative to maximize the success rate of the transradial approach in pediatrics and includes the routine use of ultrasound as well as a “radial cocktail” to avoid vasospasm. While transfemoral may be the conventional route, transradial offers a plethora of advantages, particularly in children. As more experience in transradial is gained in adults, it is likely that this will translate into more transradial procedures in children as well.
How to Start Your Radial Practice
Authors: Luther Evan , Peterson Eric C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Once committed to converting your practice to the radial approach, there are several tips and tricks that the authors suggest to improve your journey. Radial access is not difficult, but there are several strategies that are counterintuitive that can make the difference between building a successful radial practice and going back to femoral access. Understanding the learning journey having traveled it ourselves, the audience can receive the benefit of us having already tread the path and defined the optimal way to convert your practice to a radial first practice. The nuances of setting up a radial neurointerventional practice are reviewed.
Training and competence in cardiovascular imaging
Authors: Fox Kevin , Di Carli Marcelo F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The provision of safe and effective cardiovascular imaging requires a competent trained workforce practising within a quality assured service. Training has evolved and nowadays organized training programmes with objective assessments of competence are the norm across the cardiovascular imaging modalities. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) has been instrumental in many of the progressive improvements in training and competence assessment in the last decade. Typically training programmes require acquisition of knowledge, skill, and professionalism assessed by exams, logbooks, and workplace-based assessments. E-learning and simulation are increasingly used as tools to enhance knowledge acquisition and practical skill development. Effective clinical performance, which is the ultimate aim, requires competent individuals to work in a quality assured environment. The future challenge will be to transition from a unimodality model to a multimodality approach.