bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mugs and Plants: Object Semantic Knowledge Alters Perceptual Processing with Behavioral Ramifications
Authors: Dubbelde Dick , Shomstein Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neural processing of objects with action associations is thought to recruit dorsal visual regions more than objects without such associations. We hypothesized that because the dorsal and ventral visual pathways have differing proportions of magno- and parvo-cellular input, there should be behavioral differences in perceptual tasks between manipulable and non-manipulable objects. This hypothesis was tested using gap detection task, suited to the spatial resolution of the ventral parvocellular processing, and object flicker discrimination task, suited to the temporal resolution of the dorsal magnocellular processing. Directly predicted from the cellular composition of each pathway, a non-manipulable object advantage was observed in tasks relying on spatial resolution, and a manipulable object advantage in temporal discrimination. We also show that these relative advantages are modulated by either reducing object recognition through inversion or by suppressing magnocellular processing using red light. These results establish
perceptual differences between objects dependent on prior knowledge and experience.
Expression of sialyltransferases from the ST3Gal, ST6Gal and ST6GalNAc families in mouse skeletal muscle and mouse C2C12 myotube cell cultures
Authors: Milcheva Rositsa , Georgieva Any K. , Todorova Katerina S. , Petkova Svetlozara L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I. Background.﻿ In skeletal muscles the sialic acids have a great significance for their functional maintenance and proper structural organization. Our work for the first time described the expressions of ST3Gal, ST6Gal and ST6GalNAc sialyltransferases specific for glycoproteins in mouse skeletal muscles and murine C2C12 myotube cell cultures.II. Methods and Results. Lectin histochemistry, cytochemistry and lectin blot were used to demonstrate the membrane localization and the electrophoretic profiles of α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoproteins. The expression levels of sialyltransferases were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. The enzymes ST6Gal2 and ST6GalNAc1 were not expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and C2C12 myotubes. In both experimental groups mRNAs of the ST3Gal family prevailed over the mRNA expressions of the ST6Gal and ST6GalNAc families. The profiles of STR expressions showed differences between the two experimental groups, illustrated by the absence of expressions of the mRNA for the ST3Gal6 and ST3GalNAc3 enzymes in the C2C12 cell samples and by the different shares of the enzymes ST3Gal3 and ST3Gal4 in both experimental groups. The different patterns of enzyme expressions in both experimental groups corresponded with differences between their α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialylated glycoprotein profiles.III. Conclusions. These results could be a useful addendum to the knowledge concerning the glycosylation of the skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, this report would be helpful and informative for any researches in future where the C2C12 myotube cell cultures will take a place as an experimental model.
A mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network related to potential pathogenesis and prognostic markers of Non- small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Yuan Chong , Yang Yanfang , Liu Bo , Wu Hezhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most malignant tumors with the fastest increasing incidence and mortality rate, but the etiology of NSCLC is still not clear. Most of lncRNAs have some structural similarities with mRNAs, suggesting that miRNAs negatively regulate the expression of lncRNAs to affect the occurrence and development of tumor. Therefore, system bioinformatics was used to explore the potential biomarkers and possible pathogenesis of NSCLC in this study. Firstly, all the clinical information and transcriptome data were downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases. R language was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NSCLC and normal lung tissues. Then, 50 overlapped DEGs were obtained via Venn database, including 10 down-regulated mRNAs and 40 down-regulated mRNAs. Secondly, the top 20 DEGs were selected for KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis. After screening 4 HUB genes related to the survival and prognosis of NSCLC patients, their prognosis models were established. Meanwhile, HUB genes related miRNAs and lncRNAs were screened. Finally, a mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network related to the survival and prognosis of NSCLC patients was established, including 4 up-regulated mRNAs, 3 up-regulated miRNAs, 10 down-regulated miRNAs, 6 up-regulated lncRNAs and 19 down-regulated lncRNAs. Subject terms: Non-small cell lung cancer, mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA, pathogenesis, prognostic biomarkers.
Characteristics of the corpus callosum in chronic schizophrenia treated with clozapine or risperidone and those never-treated
Authors: Tao Bo , Xiao Yuan , Cao Hengyi , Zhang Wenjing , Yang Chenmin , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The corpus callosum (CC) deficits have been well documented in chronic schizophrenia. However, the long-term impacts of antipsychotic monotherapies on callosal morphology remain unclear. This cross-sectional study sought to explore micro- and macrostructural characteristics of the CC in never-treated patients and those with long-term mono-antipsychotic treatment.
Methods

The study included twenty-three clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients (CT-SCZ), 19 risperidone-treated schizophrenia patients (RT-SCZ), 23 never-treated schizophrenia patients (NT-SCZ), and 35 healthy controls (HCs). High resolution structural images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for each participant were obtained via a 3.0 T MR scanner. FreeSurfer was used to examine the volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the CC for each participant.
Results

There were significant deficits in the total and subregional CC volume, and white matter integrity in NT-SCZ in comparison with healthy subjects. Compared with NT-SCZ, both CT-SCZ and RT-SCZ showed significantly increased FA values in the anterior CC region, while only RT-SCZ showed significantly increased volume in the mid-anterior CC region. Moreover, the volume of the mid-anterior CC region was significantly smaller in CT-SCZ compared to HCs. No correlations of clinical symptoms with callosal metrics were observed.
Conclusions

Our findings provide insight into micro- and macrostructural characteristics of the CC in chronic schizophrenia patients with or without antipsychotic medications. These results suggest that chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications may have an impact on brain structure of schizophrenia patients, especially in those with risperidone treatment.
Alterations in neurotransmitters targeted metabolomics from the key nuclei of brain reward circuits in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization for self-administering rats
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Xin , Ge Shun-nan , Wang Xue-lian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drug addiction can be considered as a metabolic disease because it is triggered by the disruption of metabolism and causes persistent neurochemical disorders that lead to addiction. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential brain biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization for self-administering rats. UHPLC-MS/MS targeted metabolomics was used to measure 23 neurotransmitters metabolites which may serve as the biological indices underlying the mechanisms of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization for the key nuclei of brain reward circuits in the process of cocaine addiction. The measurement results showed that there were many changes for many neurotransmitters metabolites in the key nuclei of brain reward circuits (the striatum, the NAc, the hippocampus, the PFC, etc.), but there was no change in the cerebellum during the reconsolidation of drug addiction memory. These findings strongly indicated that many neurotransmitter metabolites in above key nuclei of brain reward circuits participated in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization for self-administering rats. And it may contribute to a better understanding of metabolic changes in the process of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and to be helpful to provide a more integrated view of the molecular underpinnings and to ultimately find biomarkers to assist clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Environmental Contamination Assessment in the Process of Application of Aerosolized Therapeutic Substances
Authors: Seitenfus Rafael , de Barros Eduardo Dipp , Linck Viviane de Moura , de Oliveira Thiago Franco , Christ Thais Spohr , Ferreira Paulo Roberto Walter , Laporte Gustavo Andreazza , Arbo Marcelo Dutra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: PIPAC (Pressurized Intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy) acts by applying aerosolized chemotherapy in the peritoneal cavity, enhancing tissue penetration of chemotherapeutic agents. This method of chemotherapy delivery still raises concerns related to the operating room's environmental exposure, arousing discussions related to the occupational risks of this technique. This work aims to demonstrate the pattern of aerosolization distribution in the absence of safety mechanisms in an operating room. Methods: A cross-sectional experimental work was carried out of 31 aerosol applications. Aerosolization was performed with a 1% aqueous solution of caffeine Cellulose. Nitrate membranes were used to capture the concentration of caffeine in different sites within the operating room for 5 periods of fixed exposure times.Results: 930 samples obtained in 31 rounds of aerosolization. Comparing the changes in concentration per minute between the different time intervals, there were statistically significant differences between the 0-2 minutes interval and the 15-30 interval (P <0.001). Surgeon site show a significant difference between the times (P=0.010). There were no differences between changes in concentrations in the time intervals for the anesthetist site (P = 0.094). At the injector site, a statistically significant difference (P <0.001). The time assessment between 30-35 exposure showed a median of 0. Conclusions: The study pointed out that the moment of greatest risk of contamination of the surgical environment occurs during aerosolization, especially during the first 15 minutes after the start of aerosolization. The sites that were most exposed to contamination were the patient, the surgeon and the injector, respectively.
Variation in Microbial Community Profiles and Their Energy Metabolism Predictions Under the Influence of Pure and Mixed Fertilizer in Soil Microcosms
Authors: Barq Mohsin Gulzar , Hassan Muhammad Mabashar , Lorenz Nicola , Malik Noshaba Hassan , Dick Richard , Ali Naeem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of environmental perturbations (e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and rice straw (Rs)) on the dynamics of soil bacterial and archaeal community are multifactor dependent and seeks more investigation concerning underlying mechanisms. Current study was designed to establish the effect of pure and mixed fertilizers on microbial community profiles in paddy soil. A short-term microcosm based experiment was established in which each microcosm is amended with N as C(H2N)2O, P and K as KH2PO4, K as KCl and Rs with concentrations equivalent to 160 kg N ha−1, 60 kg P ha−1, 130 kg K ha−1 and 1% respectively. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total C (TC), total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), available K (AK) and extractable P (EP) were evaluated. To understand the microbial community variation in soil and to predict their metabolic functions, a high throughput sequencing (HTS) approach of 16S rRNA gene along with phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) was employed and analyzed. The results showed that microbial richness and diversity were increased under all amendments compared to control. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant bacterial phyla. In all amendments, regarding relative abundance, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia showed positive while Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes showed negative trends when compared with controlled observations. Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were dominant archaeal phyla and exhibited increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. The PICRUSt indicated microbial community shift significantly towards amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolism while less towards glycan biosynthesis, synthesis of secondary metabolites, terpenoids and biodegradation. Regarding metabolism (methane metabolism), most and least responsive treatments were predicted to be KP and controls, respectively. These findings enhanced our understanding regarding soil quality, fertilizer composition and their impact on microbial diversity.
Fine-scale variation in projected climate change presents opportunities for biodiversity conservation in Europe
Authors: Hlásny Tomáš , Mokroš Martin , Dobor Laura , Merganičová Katarína , Lukac Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity, although projected changes show remarkable geographical and temporal variability. Understanding this variability allows for the identification of regions where the present-day conservation objectives may be at risk or where opportunities for biodiversity conservation emerge. We use a multi-model ensemble of regional climate models to identify areas with significantly high and low climate stability persistent throughout the 21st century in Europe. We then confront our predictions with the land coverage of three prominent biodiversity conservation initiatives at two scales. The continental-scale assessment shows that the most instable future climate in Europe is likely to occur at low and high latitudes, with the Iberian Peninsula and the Boreal zones identified as prominent areas of climatic instability. A follow-up regional scale investigation shows that robust climatic refugia exist even within the highly exposed southern and northern macro-regions. About 23–31 % of assessed biodiversity conservation sites in Europe coincide with these identified climatic refugia, we contend that these sites should be prioritised in the formulation of future conservation priorities as the stability of future climate is one of key factors determining their conservation prospects. Although such focus on climate refugia cannot halt the ongoing biodiversity loss, along with measures such as the resilience-based stewardship, it may improve the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation under climate change.
First insights into Molecular basis Identification of 16s Ribosomal RNA Gene of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Sudan
Authors: Gumaa Manal Abdalla , Idris Abeer Babiker , Mohamed Nasr aldin Bilal , Hassan Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: In this study, we analyzed the molecular evolution of Staphylococcus aureus isolates using 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis to detect the prevalence of S. aureus infections in Sudan. Results: Molecular detection of S.aureus has shown that 20(43.47%) of patients were positive for S.aureus. The phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA sequences was divided into three lineages of S.aureus isolates detected from wound infections in Sudan. Nucleotides base-pair substitution was appeared at position 249. This mutation do not linked with Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramines b resistant phenotype. Further studies should investigate the effect of that mutation on resistance to other antibiotics.
Amaranth Leaf Extract Protects Against Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Ndinawe Johnmark , Kinyi Hellen W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveAmaranths leaves are rich in ascorbic acid and polyphenol compounds which have antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate their in vivo antioxidant activity. The effect of consumption of Amaranth leaf extract on in vivo antioxidant activity, catalase enzyme activity and H2O2 induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster flies was assessed.ResultsConsumption of Amaranth leaf extract was associated with increased survival on exposure to H202 in a dose dependent manner in Drosophila melanogaster flies.
Positive Association Between Nutrient Adequacy and Component of Metabolic Syndrome: Outcome of a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jibril Aliyu Tijani , Ghorbaninejad Parivash , Sheikhhossein Fatemeh , Shab-Bidar Sakineh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease and its exact causes are not completely clear. Micronutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium have been reported to play a role in the improvement of MetS components. We therefore aimed to investigate the association of nutrient adequacy with MetS components.ResultsOf the 850 study subjects, the mean BMI and waist circumference were 27.87 kg/m2 and 92.08 cm respectively, with prevalence of metabolic syndrome at 12.12%. Compared with the least quartile, participants in the highest quartile had a significantly higher scores for general (p=0004) and abdominal (p=0.003) obesity. Overall adequacy of nutrients significantly increased across the quartiles. Energy and all nutrient intakes except for dietary fiber, vitamin B3, and iron were observed to significantly differ among the study groups. In this study, we observed no association between nutrient adequacy and the overall measure of MetS. However, we found a significant positive correlation between the nutrient adequacy and waist circumference, even after all potential covariates were controlled for (p<0.001).
Circadian Disruption Alters Gut Barrier Integrity via a ß-catenin-MMP-related Pathway
Authors: Eum Sung Yong , Schurhoff Nicolette , Wolff Gretchen , Toborek Michal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the mechanistic link between circadian rhythms and gut barrier permeability. Mice were subjected to either constant 24-hour light (LL) or 12-hour light/dark cycles (LD). Mice housed in LL experienced a significant increase in gut barrier permeability that was associated with dysregulated ß-catenin expression and altered expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Silencing of ß-catenin resulted in disruption of barrier function in SW480 cells, with ß-catenin appearing to an upstream regulator of Bmal1 and Clock. In addition, ß-catenin silencing downregulated ZO-1 and occludin TJ proteins with only limited or no changes at their mRNA levels, suggesting post transcriptional regulation. Indeed, silencing of ß-catenin significantly upregulated expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and blocking MMP-2/9 activity attenuated epithelial disruption induced by ß-catenin silencing. These results indicate the regulatory role of circadian disruption on gut barrier integrity and the associations between TJ proteins and circadian rhythms, while demonstrating the regulatory role of ß-catenin in this process.
A Mathematical Model for Soil-Water Characteristic Curve by Weibull Distribution
Authors: Pan Deng-li , Ni Wan kui , Kang Chen-yun , Lü Xiang-fei , Wang Hai-man 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) plays a crucial role in unsaturated soil behavior. However, none of the models are fully applicable to all soil classes. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with more different models to best-fit the measured SWCC data. In this paper, a mathematical model (that is, Weibull model) for the soil-water characteristic curve was proposed based on two-parameters Weibull distribution. It only contains two parameters a and n, the effects of which on the SWCC are independent. The Brutsaert, van Genutchen, Boltzman and Weibull models were fitted to 24 SWCC data sets from UNSODA 2.0. The quality of fit for these models was compared. Results showed that Weibull model was desirably accurate to fit data from a variety of soil classes with 0.999 for R2 and 0.010 for RMSE. Taking into account the \(\overline {{{R^2}}}\), RMSE and ∑Ri criteria, it is therefore suggested that the exponential-based Weibull model had a higher fitting accuracy and performed marginally better than the Brutsaert and VG models. As respect to the criteria of AICc, the Weibull and Brutsaert models performed almost equally well but both had a better performance than VG model. The VG model had the largest average number of iterations, as such, it was relatively difficult to fit. However, the Boltzman model had a lower fitting accuracy and less flexibility in comparison with the other models. Consequently, the Weibull model could be used as an alternative to the soil-water characteristic curve models.
Leptomeningeal Metastasis in ER+HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer Patients: A Review of the Cases in a Single Institute Over a 14-year Period
Authors: Watanabe Junichiro , Mitsuya Koichi , Nakamot0 Shogo , Harada Hideyuki , Deguchi Shoichi , Hayashi Nakamasa , Nakasu Yoko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: While leptomeningeal metastases (LM) from estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ER+HER2-ABC) has a poor prognosis, the details of LM ER+HER2- are unclear. We therefore retrospectively investigated patients with LM from ER+HER2-ABC.Methods: ER+HER2-ABC patients who received any therapy at Shizuoka Cancer Center between October 2002 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases were divided into three groups: brain metastasis (BM) only (B group); BM with LM (BL group); and LM only (L group).Results: Among 369 patients, 102 developed CNS metastases: 70 (68.6%), 13 (12.8%), and 19 (18.6%) in the B, BL, and L groups, respectively. The L group showed a later onset, poorer performance status, more symptoms, and more skull metastasis than the other groups. Radiotherapy as the initial treatment was introduced to 13/13 (100%) and 15/19 (78.9%) in the BL and L groups, respectively. Subsequent systemic therapy excluding best supportive care was introduced to 5/13 (38.5%) and 5/19 (26.3%) in the BL and L groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) from the diagnosis of CNS lesions was 295.0, 146.0, and 99.0 days in the B, BL, and L groups, respectively, and worsening of CNS lesions was the major cause of death in the BL and L groups. Multivariate analyses showed that concurrent soft tissue metastasis (hazard ratio, 4.620) and subsequent systemic therapy (hazard ratio, 0.063) were prognostic for the L group.Conclusion: Management of LM from ER+HER2-ABC remains challenging, so a multimodal approach with novel systemic therapy is warranted.