bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of ultrafine and fine particles with childhood emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in a megacity
Authors: Fang Jiakun , Song Xiaoming , Xu Hongbing , Wu Rongshan , Song Jing , Xie Yunfei , Xu Xin , Zeng Yueping , Wang Tong , Zhu Yutong , Yuan Ningman , Jia Jinzhu , Xu Baoping , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAmbient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has been associated with deteriorated respiratory health, but evidence on particles in smaller sizes and childhood respiratory health has been limited.MethodsWe collected time-series data on daily respiratory emergency room visits (ERVs) among children under 14 years old in Beijing, China, during 2015–2017. Concurrently, size-fractioned number concentrations of particles in size ranges of 5–560 nm (PNC5–560) and mass concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured from a fixed-location monitoring station in the urban area of Beijing. Confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models were used to estimate excessive risks (ERs) of particle size fractions on childhood respiratory ERVs, and positive matrix factorisation models were applied to apportion the sources of PNC5–560.ResultsAmong the 136 925 cases of all-respiratory ERVs, increased risks were associated with IQR increases in PNC25–100 (ER=5.4%, 95% CI 2.4% to 8.6%), PNC100–560 (4.9%, 95% CI 2.5% to 7.3%) and PM2.5 (1.3%, 95% CI 0.1% to 2.5%) at current and 1 prior days (lag0–1). Major sources of PNC5–560 were identified, including nucleation (36.5%), gasoline vehicle emissions (27.9%), diesel vehicle emissions (18.9%) and secondary aerosols (10.6%). Emissions from gasoline and diesel vehicles were found of significant associations with all-respiratory ERVs, with increased ERs of 6.0% (95% CI 2.5% to 9.7%) and 4.4% (95% CI 1.7% to 7.1%) at lag0–1 days, respectively. Exposures to other traffic-related pollutants (BC and NO2) were also associated with increased respiratory ERVs.ConclusionOur findings suggest that exposures to higher levels of PNC5–560 from traffic emissions could be attributed to increased childhood respiratory morbidity, which supports traffic emission control priority in urban areas.
Temperature fluctuations and Tsallis statistics in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Authors: Saha Abhisek , Sanyal Soma 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study temperature fluctuations in the initial stages of the relativistic heavy ion collision using a multiphase transport model. We consider the plasma in the initial stages after collision before it has a chance to equilibrate. We have considered [Formula: see text] collision with a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. We use the nonextensive Tsallis statistics to find the entropic index in the partonic stages of the relativistic heavy ion collisions. We find that the temperature and the entropic index have a linear relationship during the partonic stages of the heavy ion collision. This has already been observed in the hadronic phase. A detailed analysis of the dependence of the entropic index on the system shows that for increasing spacetime rapidity, the entropic index of the partonic system increases. The entropic index also depends on the beam collision energy. The calculation of the entropic index from the experimental data fitting of the transverse momenta deals with the hadronic phase. However, our study shows that the behavior of the entropic index in the initial nonequilibrium stage of the collision is very similar to the behavior of the entropic index in the hadronic stage.
On H-irregularity strength of cycles and diamond graphs
Authors: Labane Hayat , Bouchemakh Isma , Semaničová-Feňovčíková Andrea 
Published: July 2021

A simple graph [Formula: see text] admits an [Formula: see text]-covering if every edge in [Formula: see text] belongs to at least one subgraph of [Formula: see text] isomorphic to a given graph [Formula: see text]. The graph [Formula: see text] admits an [Formula: see text]-irregular total [Formula: see text]-labeling [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] admits an [Formula: see text]-covering and for every two different subgraphs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] isomorphic to [Formula: see text], there is [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the associated [Formula: see text]-weight. The total [Formula: see text]-irregularity strength of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give the exact values of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. For the versions edge and vertex [Formula: see text]-irregularity strength [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, we determine the exact values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the diamond graph.
Physical experiments in geomorphology
Authors: Church Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An experiment is a programme of observations specially constructed to provide a critical test of theory or generalization about nature. It is designed to acquire firm evidence for or against the effect in question. Accordingly, it must be arranged to control all sources of variability contributing to the phenomena under examination, save those it is intended to study. In the natural environment, this is difficult to achieve. Consequently, classical geomorphology had no established tradition of experimentation. However, in the latter third of the twentieth century, geomorphologists began to explore experimentation as a means to resolve questions that arise in the study of geomorphological processes. In the period 1976–84, an IGU Commission on Field Experiments in Geomorphology formally established an interest in the approach. Although few field studies before the turn of the century achieved experimental status, valuable experience was gained in laboratory experiments, scaled and unscaled, leading to present wide acceptance of experimentation as a means to approach questions about geomorphological processes.
Replication of Computational Results Report for “Doping Tests for Cyber-Physical Systems”
Authors: Grossmann Gerrit 
Published: July 2021

The article
Doping Tests for Cyber-Physical Systems
is accompanied by a prototype implementation in Python 2.7. The artifact (i.e., code and observational data) is hosted on a publicly available repository. The article contains comprehensive documentation in the appendix, and running the code is straightforward. The article
Doping Tests for Cyber-Physical Systems
can thus receive the
Artifacts Evaluated—Reusable
badge.
Niraparib for Advanced Breast Cancer with Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations: the EORTC 1307-BCG/BIG5–13/TESARO PR-30–50–10-C BRAVO Study
Authors: Turner Nicholas C. , Balmaña Judith , Poncet Coralie , Goulioti Theodora , Tryfonidis Konstantinos , Honkoop Aafke H. , Zoppoli Gabriele , Razis Evangelia , Johannsson Oskar T. , Colleoni Marco , Tutt Andrew N. , Audeh William , Ignatiadis Michail , Mailliez Audrey , Trédan Olivier , Musolino Antonino , Vuylsteke Peter , Juan-Fita Maria Jose , Macpherson Iain R.J. , Kaufman Bella , Manso Luis , Goldstein Lori J. , Ellard Susan L. , Láng István , Jen Kai Yu , Adam Virginie , Litière Saskia , Erban John , Cameron David A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the activity of niraparib in patients with germline-mutated BRCA1/2 (gBRCAm) advanced breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:
BRAVO was a randomized, open-label phase III trial. Eligible patients had gBRCAm and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer previously treated with ≤2 prior lines of chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer or had relapsed within 12 months of adjuvant chemotherapy, and were randomized 2:1 between niraparib and physician's choice chemotherapy (PC; monotherapy with eribulin, capecitabine, vinorelbine, or gemcitabine). Patients with hormone receptor–positive tumors had to have received ≥1 line of endocrine therapy and progressed during this treatment in the metastatic setting or relapsed within 1 year of (neo)adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was centrally assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), PFS by local assessment (local-PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

Results:
After the pre-planned interim analysis, recruitment was halted on the basis of futility, noting a high degree of discordance between local and central PFS assessment in the PC arm that resulted in informative censoring. At the final analysis (median follow-up, 19.9 months), median centrally assessed PFS was 4.1 months in the niraparib arm (n = 141) versus 3.1 months in the PC arm [n = 74; hazard ratio (HR), 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–1.44; P = 0.86]. HRs for OS and local-PFS were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.63–1.42) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46–0.93), respectively. ORR was 35% (95% CI, 26–45) with niraparib and 31% (95% CI, 19–46) in the PC arm.

Conclusions:
Informative censoring in the control arm prevented accurate assessment of the trial hypothesis, although there was clear evidence of niraparib's activity in this patient population.
Phase 1 Trial of ALRN-6924, a Dual Inhibitor of MDMX and MDM2, in Patients with Solid Tumors and Lymphomas Bearing Wild-type TP53
Authors: Saleh Mansoor N. , Patel Manish R. , Bauer Todd M. , Goel Sanjay , Falchook Gerald S. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Chung Ki Y. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Conry Robert M. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Hong David S. , Wang Judy S. , Steidl Ulrich , Naik Gurudatta , Guerlavais Vincent , Vukovic Vojislav , Annis D. Allen , Aivado Manuel , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
We describe the first-in-human dose-escalation trial for ALRN-6924, a stabilized, cell-permeating peptide that disrupts p53 inhibition by mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) and MDMX to induce cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis in TP53-wild-type (WT) tumors.

Patients and Methods:
Two schedules were evaluated for safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor effects in patients with solid tumors or lymphomas. In arm A, patients received ALRN-6924 by intravenous infusion once-weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days; arm B was twice-weekly for 2 weeks every 21 days.

Results:
Seventy-one patients were enrolled: 41 in arm A (0.16–4.4 mg/kg) and 30 in arm B (0.32–2.7 mg/kg). ALRN-6924 showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and increased serum levels of MIC-1, a biomarker of p53 activation. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects, fatigue, anemia, and headache. In arm A, at 4.4 mg/kg, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were grade 3 (G3) hypotension, G3 alkaline phosphatase elevation, G3 anemia, and G4 neutropenia in one patient each. At the MTD in arm A of 3.1 mg/kg, G3 fatigue was observed in one patient. No DLTs were observed in arm B. No G3/G4 thrombocytopenia was observed in any patient. Seven patients had infusion-related reactions; 3 discontinued treatment. In 41 efficacy-evaluable patients with TP53-WT disease across both schedules the disease control rate was 59%. Two patients had confirmed complete responses, 2 had confirmed partial responses, and 20 had stable disease. Six patients were treated for &gt;1 year. The recommended phase 2 dose was schedule A, 3.1 mg/kg.

Conclusions:
ALRN-6924 was well tolerated and demonstrated antitumor activity.
Liquid Biopsy Goes Viral: Next-Generation Sequencing to Enhance HPV Detection
Authors: Rostami Ariana , Bratman Scott V. , Han Kathy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiquid biopsy approaches for the detection of viral DNA can provide important information for the diagnosis and identification of virally-associated cancers. Here we discuss the next-generation sequencing-based CaptHPV method for the detection and characterization of plasma human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in HPV-associated cancers and its potential clinical utility.See related article by Sastre-Garau et al., p. 5307
Understanding Heart Rate Reactions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Veterans: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Sadeghi Mahnoosh , Sasangohar Farzan , McDonald Anthony D. , Hegde Sudeep 
Published: July 2021

Objective We collected naturalistic heart rate data from veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to investigate the effects of various factors on heart rate. Background PTSD is prevalent among combat veterans in the United States. While a positive correlation between PTSD and heart rate has been documented, specific heart rate profiles during the onset of PTSD symptoms remain unknown. Method Veterans were recruited during five cycling events in 2017 and 2018 to record resting and activity-related heart rate data using a wrist-worn device. The device also logged self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events. Regression analyses were performed on demographic and behavioral covariates including gender, exercise, antidepressants, smoking habits, sleep habits, average heart rate during reported hyperarousal events, age, glucocorticoids consumption, and alcohol consumption. Heart rate patterns during self-reported PTSD hyperarousal events were analyzed using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Heart rate data were also compared to an open-access non-PTSD representative case. Results Of 99 veterans with PTSD, 91 participants reported at least one hyperarousal event, with a total of 1023 events; demographic information was complete for 38 participants who formed the subset for regression analyses. The results show that factors including smoking, sleeping, gender, and medication significantly affect resting heart rate. Moreover, unique heart rate patterns associated with PTSD symptoms in terms of stationarity, autocorrelation, and fluctuation characteristics were identified. Conclusion Our findings show distinguishable heart rate patterns and characteristics during PTSD hyperarousal events. Application These findings show promise for future work to detect the onset of PTSD symptoms.
Improving physician wellness through electronic health record education
Authors: Johnson Elizabette , Roth Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Objective Our goal is to improve the wellness of our Family Medicine residents now and in the future by educating them on more efficient use of our electronic health record (EHR). Resident physician burnout is a significant problem and is correlated with time spent using an EHR after work hours. Family physicians have the highest rate of burnout of all specialties, and the EHR is a significant contributor to this burnout. Studies have shown that increased EHR education can improve job satisfaction. Method Over 5 months, we provided weekly brief (15 minute) educational sessions covering 6 topics twice and a one-hour individualized meeting of each resident physician with an EHR trainer. We evaluated our intervention with wellness surveys and objective measures of EHR efficiency both pre and post intervention. We further evaluated efficiency by comparing pre and post-intervention values of the following: average keystrokes, mouseclicks, accelerator use, minutes per encounter and percent closed encounters at month’s end. Results Resident questionnaires showed lessons increased knowledge and intention to use EHR accelerators, but this was not statistically significant. Analysis of objective data showed most efficiency metrics worsened, though most not to a degree that was statistically significant. Residents reported subjective increases in efficiency, and paired data from wellness surveys showed an overall decrease in burnout post-intervention vs. baseline. Conclusions Much of the data in this pilot study does not reach statistical significance, but is highly suggestive that increased EHR training can improve at least perceived efficiency and thereby resident wellness.
Approaches to Addressing Nonmedical Services and Care Coordination Needs for Older Adults
Authors: Ezell Jerel M. , Hamdi Samiha , Borrero Natasha 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Non-medical services care coordination for daily activities of living is crucial in improving older adults’ health and enabling them to age in place, but little is known about specific practices and barriers in this space. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 41 professionals serving older adults in greater Chicago, Illinois—which consists of diverse urban, suburban, and semi-rural communities—to contextualize non-medical services needs and care coordination processes. Results: In-home care, home-delivered meals, non-emergency transportation, and housing support were cited as the most commonly needed services, all requiring complex coordination support. Respondents noted a reliance on inefficient phone/fax usage for referral-making and cited major challenges in inter-professional communication, service funding/reimbursement, and HIPAA. Conclusions: Non-medical services delivery for older adults is severely impacted by general siloing throughout the care continuum. Interventions are needed to enhance communication pathways and improve the salience and interdisciplinarity of non-medical services coordination for this population.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery in locally advanced vulvar carcinoma: a single-institution experience
Authors: Adorni Marco , Bazzurini Luca , Lissoni Andrea Alberto , Vecchione Francesca , Negri Serena , Grassi Tommaso , Buda Alessandro , Landoni Fabio 
Published: July 2021

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is a rare malignancy that affects elderly women. About one-third of vulvar cancers are diagnosed in an advanced stage, requiring extensive surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been introduced to reduce local tumor burden. In this retrospective study, we analyze the efficacy and toxicity of NACT followed by radical surgery. Methods: Patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer (LAVC) treated at our institution with neoadjuvant platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy ± ifosfamide followed by surgery at our institution were retrospectively identified. Results: Fourteen patients (93%) completed NACT with tolerable toxicities (G3–G4 toxicity: 30%). Thirteen patients (87%) underwent surgery. The overall clinical response rate on vulvar disease was 66% (20% complete response, 46% partial response), confirmed by histopathologic analysis, while on inguinal lymph nodes it was 69% (23% complete response, 46% partial response). At the pathologic examination, all patients had negative surgical margins. Three out of 9 patients (33%) with lesions infiltrating the urethral meatus and 4 patients out of 7 (57%) with anal involvement did not require urethral amputation or colostomy, respectively, after NACT. No severe postoperative complications were described. Overall survival at 5 years was 60%, and median overall survival was 76 months. Conclusion: NACT followed by surgery in locally advanced vulvar cancer is well tolerated and allows surgical modulation.
Continuous Use of Home Care Services and Functional Performance: A Population-Based Approach
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Ying , Yu Hsiao-Wei , Chen Ya-Mei 
Published: July 2021

Background Home care (HC) services are the foundational service in Taiwan, such as personal care, housekeeping, showers, meal preparation, and so on. We used population-representative data to evaluate the effects of HC services use on the long-term functional performance of older adults. Method This longitudinal study used latent growth curve modeling, measured as trajectories in activities of daily living (ADL) ability. We retrieved data for 1,851 care recipients from the Long-Term Care Service Management System database. Results Continuous use of HC services had positive effects on functional performance over time of declining functional capacity (β = .075, p < .05). While greater age was associated with slower increases in ADL scores, being female and living alone were associated with faster increases in ADL scores. Discussion Continuous use of the HC services provided has a significant impact on maintaining or improving functional performance among older adults in the early stage of declined functional capacity.
The Impact of Treatment Delay on Hepatitis C Liver Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Booth Ian A. , Clark Jacqueline E. , LaMattina John C. , Barth Rolf N. , Haririan Abdolreza , Ravichandran Bharath R. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have improved outcomes in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). However, the timing of HCV treatment and approach to treating rejection have not been well described. Additionally, pharmacists’ roles in these comprehensive areas have not been investigated. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort review compared 1-year graft and patient survival between HCV-positive and HCV-negative LTRs. Secondary endpoints included 1-year rejection rates, HCV sustained virologic response and time to HCV treatment. Results: Ninety-two HCV Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAT)-positive LTRs were matched 1:1 to HCV-seronegative LTRs. One-year graft and patient survival were similar between groups. HCV-positive LTRs were more likely to experience biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), and despite treatment with pulse steroids, there was no impact on graft survival or occurrence of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH). Time to HCV treatment was 5.4–6.4 months post-transplant, with no treatment failures or impact on graft or patient survival. Conclusions: No difference was seen in graft survival at 1 year between HCV-positive and HCV-seronegative LTRs. Delayed time to treatment of HCV and treatment of rejections in the HCV-positive cohort did not impact outcomes. However, pharmacist-driven protocols could ensure more efficient initiation of HCV treatment in the future.
Catheter-related blood stream infection in hemodialysis patients with symmetric tunneled non-side-hole hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Tal Michael G , Yevzlin Alexander S 
Published: July 2021

Background: Tunneled hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Side holes positioned near the tip of catheters have been linked to formation of thrombi, which, in turn, have been implicated in predisposition to infection. In addition, side holes allow spillage of catheter locking solution, including antibiotics, thereby minimizing the lock solution’s effect on the catheter tip. This study assessed the infection events that occurred in a series of hemodialysis patients using a non-side-hole catheter. Methods: Over a period of 2 years, a novel symmetric-tip non-side-hole catheter was placed in 60 patients. Hemodialysis was performed thrice weekly. Prescribed dialyzer flows were 300–350 mL/min. Catheters were routinely locked with heparin 5000 units/mL between treatments. Patients were followed up for any catheter related complications, specifically infection events. Results: Seven events of catheter-related bloodstream infection occurred for a rate of 0.76 events per 1000 catheter-days, with the first event occurring 9 weeks after insertion. These events were treated by locking the affected catheter with 2 g of clindamycin in 2 mL of heparin 1000 units/mL and administration of intravenous antibiotics, in most cases, for 7–14 days. Two catheters were removed due to infection. Conclusions: Catheter-related bloodstream infections with non-side-hole hemodialysis catheters do occur at a relatively low rate and in this initial preliminary study it seems that most of these infections can be successfully treated without removal of the affected catheters.