bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiproxy database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records
Authors: Routson Cody C. , Kaufman Darrell S. , McKay Nicholas P. , Erb Michael P. , Arcusa Stéphanie H. , Brown Kendrick J. , Kirby Matthew E. , Marsicek Jeremiah P. , Anderson R. Scott , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Rodysill Jessica R. , Lachniet Matthew S. , Fritz Sherilyn C. , Bennett Joseph R. , Goman Michelle F. , Metcalfe Sarah E. , Galloway Jennifer M. , Schoups Gerrit , Wahl David B. , Morris Jesse L. , Staines-Urías Francisca , Dawson Andria , Shuman Bryan N. , Gavin Daniel G. , Munroe Jeffrey S. , Cumming Brian F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Holocene climate reconstructions are useful for understanding the diverse
features and spatial heterogeneity of past and future climate change. Here
we present a database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate
records. The database gathers paleoclimate time series from 184 terrestrial
and marine sites, including 381 individual proxy records. The records span
at least 4000 of the last 12 000 years (median duration of 10 725 years)
and have been screened for resolution, chronologic control, and climate
sensitivity. Records were included that reflect temperature, hydroclimate,
or circulation features. The database is shared in the machine readable
Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format and includes geochronologic data for
generating site-level time-uncertain ensembles. This publicly accessible and
curated collection of proxy paleoclimate records will have wide research
applications, including, for example, investigations of the primary features
of ocean–atmospheric circulation along the eastern margin of the North
Pacific and the latitudinal response of climate to orbital changes. The
database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12863843.v1 (Routson and McKay, 2020).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PEMUPUKAN KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. WIRA INOVA NUSANTARA DESA SUSUK DALAM KECAMATAN SANDARAN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Gilas Arianto  , Rahman Mujibu , Jamaluddin  
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of fertilization in order to increase sufficient nutrients, promote healthy plant growth and maximum production of Fresh Fruit Bunches and increase resistance to pests and diseases. This is what encourages researchers to analyze what factors affect the work productivity of oil palm fertilizing employees. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of age, years of service, and education on the work productivity of fertilizing employees.
Collecting data in this study is by giving questionnaires and interviews to the respondents. The independent variables in this study are Age (X1), Working Period (X2), and Education (X3) and the Bound Variable is Productivity (Y). To determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables, researchers used the multiple linear regression method.
From the t test results indicate that the labor productivity of fertilizing employees at PT. Wira Inova Nusantara was significantly influenced by tenure factors, while age and education did not have a significant effect on labor productivity of fertilizing employees at PT. Wira Inova Nusantara.
Histological changes in female mice kidneys as a result of Valproic acid drug treatment
Authors: Elturshani Omelaz A. M. , Al-Sarraj Khalida R. , Guseibat Tarek A. , El-nagaz El-nagi O. M. , El-Tarhouni Amal 
Published: April 2021

Valproic acid is a broad spectrum anti- convulsant drug, established as a long – term treatment for epilepsy and has toxic effect on kidney tissues. This study aimed to investigate the histological changes that may occur in the kidney in association with prolonged administration and overdose treatment of valproic acid. 35 albino mice were used, they were divided into four groups, group(I) included 5 animals and served as control group, group(II) included 10 animals and given progressive doses of valproic acid for ten weeks, starting with (15mg/kg/day) as minimum recommended dose and ending with (60mg/kg/day) as maximum recommended dose, group(III) included 10 animals and received an overdose (120mg/kg/day) for one week, group(IV) included 10 animals and treated exactly as group(II) then the animals were left for recovery for three weeks. The animals were sacrificed at the end of each period and the kidney tissue was excised. The drug induced many histological changes in kidney tissues, including inflammatory cellular infiltration, cell necrosis, cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, hemorrhage areas, oedema, and collagen deposition. The study concluded that valproic acid has multiple toxic effects on kidney tissues as far as the histological studies concerned and the effects were dependent on the dose and on the duration of treatment. Incomplete recovery was recorded after discontinuation of the drug.
Educação Profissional e Técnica na França e no Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais de , Lima Neto Avelino Aldo de , Thomas Julie 
Published: April 2021

Este texto objetiva comparar, em sentido histórico, as concepções e a organização da Educação Profissional na França e no Brasil a partir do século XIX. Para tal, adotamos a abordagem da história cruzada na acepção de Werner e Zimmermann (2003). Realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica e documental atentando aos marcos de legislação e de política desse campo nos dois países. Na pesquisa bibliográfica dialogamos com os seguintes autores: Bodé (1995), Bodé e Rico Gómes (2014), Brucy (2005), Brucy e Troger (2000), Grignon (1989), Lembré (2016), Léon (1968), Tanguy (2000, 2013), Troger e Pelpel (1993), para a discussão acerca da França, e os autores Fonseca (1961), Ciavatta (2009), Cunha (2005a; 2005b; 2005c), Manfredi (2002) e Santos (2011) para pensarmos a Educação Profissional no Brasil. Pela comparação, concluiu-se que em ambos os países, revela-se a existência de uma dualidade educativa nos indícios documentais por nós trazidos à tona: de um lado, os defensores da unilateralidade da formação técnica voltada ao atendimento exclusivo das necessidades do mercado de trabalho; do outro, o ideário de formação integral, capaz de preparar um sujeito autônomo para o mundo do trabalho, ciente de seus direitos e seus deveres, construtor de cidadania plena.
PENGENALAN PAHLAWAN SAM RATULANGI PADA SISWA MI/SD
Authors: Khairunnisa Hilda Zuhri , Fuadah Z Anis 
Published: April 2021

This article moots about a struggle of a famous and an influenced figure ever in that time, coming from Minahasa, North Sulawesi. He fought for Indonesia in his own way and got his thoughts gone viral even until now. His name is Gerungan Saul Samuel Jacob Ratulangi or usually called Sam Ratulangi. He also had the biggest role why Indonesia nowadays is called “Indonesia”.
This article was made to 1) acquaint a biography of a patriot that is Gerungan Saul Samuel Jacob Ratulangi to learners, especially in elementary school. 2) acquaint the values in Sam Ratulangi. 3) know how Sam Ratulangi fought for his beloved country and what was his role in defending Indonesia. 4) acquaint his thoughts that is going viral even in nowadays. All of the data are gotten from books, literature, and journals that are related to the topic.
Antinutritional and Protein Based Profiling of Diverse Desi and Wild Chickpea Accessions
Authors: Gupta Neha , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi M. K. , Bhagyawant Sameer S. 
Published: April 2021

Background: To design future breeding programs, biochemical analysis is fundamental. Chickpea is a major protein source in India and worldwide. More than 3000 chickpea seed accessions are being maintained by Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur which demand biochemical analysis.
Methods: Present study pertains multivariate analysis based on antinutritional content and their protein profile of 20 accessions of Cicer that included cultivated desi and wild.
Results: The spectrum of biochemical characteristics was documented; for lectin ranged 192.19 HU/mg to 12.26 HU/mg and total proteins varied from 2.66-0.59 mg/g. SDS-PAGE appraised various bands in a molecular weight range of 3.5 to 125 kDa acknowledging genetic diversity. On the basis of present study, accession selection for future breeding programs to develop nutritionally elite chickpea cultivar can be executed.
Introduction of Laser Pi-Grooving as Breakthrough Solution to Enhance die Strength of 40 nm ulow-k CMOS Silicon Technology during Wafer Saw Process
Authors: Agudon Aiza Marie E. , Inguin Hynlie B. , Bacquian Bryan Christian S. 
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, semiconductors and electronics are becoming part of our everyday activities. As the Integrated circuits become more useful to people, it also requires more function, which contain more complex and compact components. Aligned to this package requirement, the more challenging it become to package development as Silicon technology becomes more critical and complex from bare silicon to conventional MOS technology to Ultra Low-K, which requires a different strategy. The new process development in the Semiconductor industry is a necessity to cope up with these new technologies. Low-k devices always pose a big challenge in achieving good dicing quality. This is because of the weak mechanical properties of the low-k dielectric material used. Mechanical Sawing is the most popular cutting method for silicon, but with Ultra low-K technology, using mechanical sawing will lead to various sawing defects such as chippings and delamination [1,2]. These leads to the introduction of Laser Grooving to get rid of these dilemmas. Laser grooving uses heat to eradicate metals on this very thin metal wafer dicing saw streets in preparation for wafer saw process to prevent topside chippings and delamination/metal peel off [3]. These defects are not acceptable especially since the product application is a chip card. Since chip cards must be flexible and durable, they require higher die and package strength to serve its purpose. To achieve such package requirement, different method was evaluated such as standard mechanical dicing, standard Laser Grooving and the PI laser groove.
The paper will discuss how we were able to achieve the quality requirement for Ultra Low-K and at the same time eliminating top reject contributor during startup of this device.
Improvement on QFN Leadframe Design of Extended Leads to Support the Mitigation of Mold Flash Occurrence
Authors: Gablan Alyssa Grace , Gomez Frederick Ray , Moreno Anthony 
Published: April 2021

Parameter optimization is not only the key to find the most favorable and best solution as variable chances of failure modes may happen at extreme case conditions at unexpected period. Packaging design robustness is much resilient to establish a satisfactorily good quality product and sustain a long-term goal of a remarkable process capability. This paper presents leadframe design solution of quad-flat no leads (QFN) to address mold flash defect caused by leadframe bouncing during wirebonding. An inverted pyramid configuration was conceptualized to provide better stability than the standard configuration during wirebonding process and other concerned assembly processes due to the shift of the center of gravity moving closer to the full metal part.
Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Cranberry Fruit Extract against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli
Authors: Bijarani Ali Nawaz , Ismail Muhammad Owais , Memon Zahida , Afridi Faisal , Qabulio Shabana , Ali Akhtar 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Antibacterial effects of Cranberry fruit extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli and its comparison with Linezolid and Meropenem.
Materials and Methods: It is a Pre Clinical (in-vitro) study conducted in Ziauddin University from January 2020 to October 2020. All samples were collected from Ziauddin University. All clinical samples were collected inform of pus, urine, blood, tracheal aspirations, patients admitted in surgical and medical wards, intensive care units and outdoor patients who were attending clinics. All these samples were transported to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Ziauddin hospital, North Nazimabad campus and then culture and sensitivity test were performed there. Sample showing double growth and contamination on agar plates were excluded from study.
Results: Out of 80 samples included in this study 46(57.5%) were female and 34(42.5%) samples were male; female to male samples ratio of 1.35:1.The mean age was 45.71±11.83 years. MRSA commonly found in pus swab 15(37.5%) and 21(52.5%) ESBL producing E. coli found in urine samples. 14(35%) samples were observed anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli at 50 mg/ml concentration, followed by 10(25%) and 9(22.5%) samples at 60 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml were respectively. While resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coliwere observed high at different concentration level of cranberry fruit extracts. Good anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts observed against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at different levels of concentration 20(50%), 23(57.5%), 21(52.5%), 26(65%), 29(72.5%) samples were 20 mg/ml,30mg/ml,40mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 60mg/ml respectively. Most superior and best dose of cranberry fruit extract against Staph Aureus in about 72.5% (29) at 60mg/ml and their Comparison with linezolid and meropenem against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and found best positive results as compared with Linezolid and found significant p value 0.005.
Conclusions: Cranberry extract has a lot of potential to prove itself to be a good antimicrobial agent. The cranberry fruit extract has high antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S.aureus and resistant strains of E. coli in comparison to linezolid and meropenem.
Review of the Appropriateness of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Almalki Ziyad S. , Haseeb Abdul , Hassali Azmi Ahmed , Khan Amer H. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: This review aims to describe the appropriateness of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis during the last decade.
Methodology: The review included a searching web of science for articles focused on “the appropriateness of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis”. The searching process was conducted on 29 Nov 2020 and included original articles so the review articles were excluded.
Results: The review included 57 articles; 38 articles were published after 2015 and the rest before 2015. Most of the articles that were included in the review showed a high rate of inappropriate surgical prophylaxis and showed inappropriate duration and time of the antibiotics used.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the rate of surgical prophylaxis inappropriateness was high and the main cause for this result was inappropriate timing and duration. Numerous interventions including educational interventions such as one-time seminars and online e-learning modules are needed to improve the adherence to the guidelines.
Comparative Study of Compliance between Sofosbuvir and Interferon in the Management of Viral Hepatitis at Tertiary Care Hospital of Gambat, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sajid , Ahmed Zuheeb , Metlo Marvi , Ahmed Tahseen , Ali Shahzad , Ahmer Arslan , Qureshi Muhammad Murtaza , Shah Syed Adeel Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Hepatitis can be defined as inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be acute or chronic. It is estimated that in 2017, approximately 15 million people suffered from Hepatitis in Pakistan suffering from hepatitis. 150–200 million people, or approximately ~3% of the world's population, are living with chronic Hepatitis C.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients selected by purposive sampling who were reported with Hepatitis-C and co infection of Hepatitis-C + Hepatitis-B, at a tertiary care hospital Gambat. A series of questions were asked from reported patients regarding symptoms and compliance.
Results: The results were analyzed by using SPSS-22. Among the 300 patients some were on sofosbuvir (n=150, 50%), which the others were on interferon (n=150, 50%). The findings showed that most of the patients on interferon were non-compliant (n=125,83.3%), and only (n=25, 16.7%) are compliant. Among non-compliant factors, fear from injection was reported in (n=42, 33.6), technique for injection (n=38, 30.4%), prolong duration of action (n=35, 28%), adverse drug reaction (n=26, 20.8%). Better compliance was observed with sofosbuvir (n=93, 62.8%) and non-compliant were (57, 38%).
Conclusion: This study concluded that better compliance was achieved with sofosbuvir as compared to interferon, rate of ADR’S were also less with sofosbuvir.
Spontaneous Directional Self‐Cleaning on the Feathers of the Aquatic Bird Anser cygnoides domesticus Induced by a Transient Superhydrophilicity
Authors: Luan Kang , He Meijin , Xu Bojie , Wang Pengwei , Zhou Jiajia , Hu Binbin , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn nature, the feathers of the goose Anser cygnoides domesticus stay superhydrophobic over a long term, thought as the main reason for keeping the surface clean. However, contaminants, especially those that are oleophilic or trapped within textures, cannot be removed off the superhydrophobic feathers spontaneously. Here, a different self‐cleaning strategy based on superhydrophilic feathers is revealed that is imparted by self‐coating of the amphiphilic saliva, which enables removing away low‐surface‐tension and/or small‐size contaminants by forming directional water sheeting depending on their unique anisotropic microstructures. Particularly, the surface superhydrophilicity is switchable to superhydrophobicity upon exposure to air for maintaining a clean surface for a long time, which is further enhanced by coating with self‐secreted preening oil. By alternate switching between a transient superhydrophilicity and a long‐term stable superhydrophobicity, the goose feathers exhibit an integrated smart self‐cleaning strategy, which is also shared by other aquatic birds. An attractive point is the re‐entrant structure of the feathers, which facilitates not only liquid spreading on superhydrophilic feathers, but also long‐term stability of the cleaned surface by shedding water droplets off the superhydrophobicity feathers. Thus, artificial self‐cleaning microtextures are developed. The result renews the common knowledge on the self‐cleaning of aquatic bird feathers, offering inspiration for developing bioinspired self‐cleaning microtextures and coatings.
Battery‐Free and Wireless Smart Wound Dressing for Wound Infection Monitoring and Electrically Controlled On‐Demand Drug Delivery
Authors: Xu Gang , Lu Yanli , Cheng Chen , Li Xin , Xu Jie , Liu Zhaoyang , Liu Jinglong , Liu Guang , Shi Zhenghan , Chen Zetao , Zhang Fenni , Jia Yixuan , Xu Danfeng , Yuan Wei , Cui Zheng , Low Sze Shin , Liu Qingjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReal‐time monitoring wound status and providing timely therapies with smart wound dressing is a promising way to treat wound infections and accelerate the healing process. Herein, to establish a closed‐loop monitoring and treatment system, a fully integrated, battery‐free, and wireless smart wound dressing for wound infection detection and on‐demand drug delivery is developed using flexible electronics. The smart wound dressing integrated with the near field communication module can realize wireless power harvest and data transmission, on‐site signal processing, and drug delivery control, through the miniaturized circuit and smartphone. The temperature, pH, and uric acid of the wound is detected simultaneously by the developed sensors to assess wound conditions. Meanwhile, the drug delivery electrode in the dressing is used to provide on‐demand infection treatment by the electrically controlled antibiotics delivery. Through in vitro antibacterial experiments and in situ animal studies, it is shown that the dressing can effectively inhibit bacterial growth and accelerate wound healing, which fully validates its effectiveness in the wound treatment. Utilizing the advantages of near‐field communication and flexible electronics, the battery‐free and integrated design of sensing and treatment provides a promising solution for the development of a closed‐loop biomedical system integrating monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy.
Metal‐Semiconductor Heterostructures for Photoredox Catalysis: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Go?
Authors: Yuan Lan , Geng Zhaoyi , Xu Jikun , Guo Fen , Han Chuang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability of metal nanocrystals (NCs) to maneuver light, trap charge carriers, and enrich reactive sites for photoredox reactions has received considerable attention for constructing metal‐semiconductor heterostructures (MSHs) toward solar‐to‐chemical production. In this review, the comprehensive and fundamental understanding of the structure‐property‐catalysis interplays of MSHs is mainly described. The fundamentals, including basic concepts, and critical insights of MSH‐mediated photoredox catalysis, are first demonstrated. Particular focus is placed on the state‐of‐the‐art technological advances in monitoring the key photophysical/photochemical processes associated with MSH‐mediated photoredox catalysis, followed by highlighting the design parameters for high‐performance MSHs. Then, the applications of MSHs for solar energy conversion, especially for some emerging reaction types are discussed. This review is concluded by casting a perspective on the challenges as well as the opportunities for further promoting this burgeoning field.
Engineering Silver‐Enriched Copper Core‐Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials
Authors: Kuhn Andrew N. , Zhao Haidong , Nwabara Uzoma O. , Lu Xiaofei , Liu Mingyan , Pan Yung‐Tin , Zhu Wenjin , Kenis Paul J. A. , Yang Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCopper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value‐added hydrocarbon products. Controlling the surface composition of copper nanomaterials may provide the electronic and structural properties necessary for carbon‐carbon coupling, thus increasing the Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards ethylene and other multi‐carbon (C2+) products. Synthesis and catalytic study of silver‐coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@Ag NPs) for the reduction of CO2 are presented. Bimetallic CuAg NPs are typically difficult to produce due to the bulk immiscibility between these two metals. Slow injection of the silver precursor, concentrations of organic capping agents, and gas environment proved critical to control the size and metal distribution of the Cu@Ag NPs. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst exhibited a very low onset cell potential of −2.25 V for ethylene formation, reaching a FE towards C2+ products (FEC2+) of 43% at −2.50 V, which is 1.0 V lower than a reference Cu catalyst to reach a similar FEC2+. The high ethylene formation at low potentials is attributed to enhanced CC coupling on the Ag enriched shell of the Cu@Ag electrocatalysts. This study offers a new catalyst design towards increasing the efficiency for the electroreduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals.