bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space- and time-resolved second harmonic spectroscopy of coupled plasmonic nanocavities
Authors: Salomon Adi , Kollmann Heiko , Mascheck Manfred , Schmidt Slawa , Prior Yehiam , Lienau Christoph , Silies Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances of individual sub-wavelength cavities milled in metallic films can couple to each other to form a collective behavior. This coupling leads to a delocalization of the plasmon field at the film surface and drastically alters both the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the sample. In periodic arrays of nanocavities, the coupling results in the formation of propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), eigenmodes extending across the array. When artificially introducing dislocations, defects and imperfections, multiple scattering of these SPP modes can lead to hot-spot formation, intense and spatially confined fluctuations of the local plasmonic field within the array. Here, we study the underlying coupling effects by probing plasmonic modes in well-defined individual triangular dimer cavities and in arrays of triangular cavities with and without artificial defects. Nonlinear confocal spectro-microscopy is employed to map the second harmonic (SH) radiation from these systems. Pronounced spatial localization of the SPP field and significant enhancements of the SH intensity in certain, randomly distributed hot spots by more than an order of magnitude are observed from the triangular arrays as compared to a bare silver film by introducing a finite degree of disorder into the array structure. Hot-spot formation and the resulting enhancement of the nonlinear efficiency are correlated with an increase in the lifetime of the localized SPP modes. By using interferometric SH autocorrelation measurements, we reveal lifetimes of hot-spot resonances in disordered arrays that are much longer than the few-femtosecond lifetimes of the localized surface plasmon resonances of individual nanocavity dimers. This suggests that hot spot lifetime engineering provides a path for manipulating the linear and nonlinear optical properties of nanosystems by jointly exploiting coherent couplings and tailored disorder.
Two Types of Constructionalization Processes in Spanish and Portuguese Cleftedwh-interrogatives
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present paper analyzes and compares the use of cleftedwh-interrogatives in spoken Madrid Spanish, Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese. In a first step, a typology of the discourse functions of cleftedwh-interrogatives is established. This typology is partially governed by the strength of the presupposition of the proposition of thewh-interrogative. The results suggest the existence of two distinct constructionalization processes 1 March 2021. First, in the Spanish dialects, cleftedwh-interrogatives with copula deletion are specialized in the expression of interactional challenges. Second, both Puerto Rican Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese evidence a change in the use of information-seeking cleftedwh-interrogatives towards contexts in which the proposition of the interrogative is not activated. Consequently, in these dialects cleftedwh-interrogatives can be used to establish questions not related to the current Question Under Discussion. However, this semantic change can be characterized as a constructionalization process only in Brazilian Portuguese.
Madrileños on theejque: Perceptions of Velarized /s/
Authors: Wright Robyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the identities that Madrileños ascribe to speakers using velarized coda /s/. The language attitudes of 59 participants from Madrid were assessed by means of a matched guise survey in which they heard native Madrileños using either sibilant coda /s/ or velarized coda /s/. Results show that while Madrileños do perceive the velarized variant as a marker of a Madrid origin, this effect is mainly observed for female voices. In addition, speakers that used velarized /s/ were associated with more negative qualities and viewed as less desirable as friends and storytellers, although for certain traits, the strength of this effect depended on the gender of the listener. Furthermore, velarized /s/ is associated with low-prestige occupations while more prestigious professions are assigned to guises with sibilant /s/. The results presented in this paper suggest that, although the characteristicejqueis associated with Madrid, the velarized variant is in fact quite stigmatized in the Spanish capital.
Maternal haemodynamics during labour epidural analgesia with and without adrenaline
Authors: Haidl Felix , Tronstad Christian , Rosseland Leiv Arne , Dahl Vegard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Labour is one of the most painful experiences in a woman’s life. Epidural analgesia using low-concentration local anaesthetics and lipophilic opioids is the gold standard for pain relief during labour. Pregnancy in general, particularly labour, is associated with changes in maternal haemodynamic variables, such as cardiac output and heart rate, which increase and peak during uterine contractions. Adrenaline is added to labour epidural solutions to enhance efficacy by stimulating the α2-adrenoreceptor. The minimal effective concentration of adrenaline was found to be 2 μg mL−1 for postoperative analgesia. The addition of adrenaline may also produce vasoconstriction, limiting the absorption of fentanyl into the systemic circulation, thereby reducing foetal exposure. However, adrenaline may influence the haemodynamic fluctuations, possibly adding to the strain on the circulatory system. The aim of this study was to compare the haemodynamic changes after application of labour epidural analgesia with or without adrenaline 2 μg mL−1.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a single-centre, randomised double-blind trial. Forty-one nulliparous women in labour requesting epidural analgesia were randomised to receive epidural solution of bupivacaine 1 mg mL−1, fentanyl 2 μg mL−1 with or without adrenaline 2 μg mL−1. The participants were monitored using a Nexfin CC continuous non-invasive blood pressure and cardiac output monitor. The primary outcomes were changes in peak systolic blood pressure and cardiac output during uterine contraction within 30 min after epidural activation. The effect of adrenaline was tested statistically using a linear mixed-effects model of the outcome variables’ dependency on time, adrenaline, and their interaction.

Results
After excluding three patients due to poor data quality and two due to a malfunctioning epidural catheter, 36 patients (18 in each group) were analysed. The addition of adrenaline to the solution had no significant effect on the temporal changes in peak systolic blood pressure (p=0.26), peak cardiac output (0.84), or heart rate (p=0.91). Furthermore, no significant temporal changes in maternal haemodynamics (peak systolic blood pressure, p=0.54, peak cardiac output, p=0.59, or heart rate p=0.55) were associated with epidural analgesia during 30 min after epidural activation in both groups despite good analgesia.

Conclusions
The addition of 2 μg mL−1 adrenaline to the epidural solution is not likely to change maternal haemodynamics during labour.
Interaction of Bis-Guanidinium Acetates Surfactants with Bovine Serum Albumin Evaluated by Spectroscopy
Authors: Song Yongbo , Niu Yulan , Zheng Hongyan , Yao Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The interactions between cocopropane bis-guanidinium acetates, tallowpropane bis-guanidinium acetates with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an aqueous solution were studied by fluorescence and circular dichroic spectroscopy measurements. The aim of the study was to elucidate the influence of the hydrophilic group and the length of the hydrophobic chain of these surfactants on the mechanism of binding to BSA. The results revealed that for both surfactants, at low concentrations, the Stern–Volmer plots had an upward curvature and at high concentrations, the quenching efficiency was decreased with increase in surfactant concentration. Different thermodynamics parameters demonstrated the existence of hydrogen bond and van der Waals force which acting as binding forces. Static quenching was observed among the protein and surfactant. The conformation of BSA was changed at higher surfactant concentrations as shown by synchronous fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. This work reveals the mechanism and binding characteristics between guanidine surfactants and protein, and provided the basis for further applications of surfactants.
Análisis de la calidad de aguas de vertido en el Distrito de Riego Arenal-Tempisque (DRAT)
Authors: Wong Monge Anayansi , Rojas González Alejandra María 
Published: May 2021

El Distrito de Riego Arenal-Tempisque (DRAT) es la dependencia gubernamental que regula la distribución del agua de riego en las fincas agrícolas de la provincia de Guanacaste. El DRAT monitorea semestralmente la calidad del agua de vertido utilizada en irrigación, a través de reportes operacionales. Sin embargo, no es una práctica común en distritos de riego realizar estudios donde se analice el comportamiento de los parámetros medidos en el tiempo.
Este estudio desarrolló una evaluación multivariada y geoestadística a partir de la caracterización de dos variables microbiológicas y veinte parámetros físico-químicos de la calidad del agua con respecto a componentes espaciales como: localización, área y distancia. Además, se realizó un análisis de estadística descriptiva para doce puntos de muestreo evaluados en un período de diez años (2008-2018). Se aplicó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP), donde los autovectores no mostraron diferencias apreciables para visualizar el peso de las variables de forma independiente. No obstante, el análisis permitió agrupar los parámetros que explican el comportamiento dentro del sistema estudiado como: la concentración de sales (CP1); las sustancias activas al azul de metileno y el contenido de nitratos totales (CP2); y la dinámica biológica (CP3); que se pueden relacionar con prácticas agrícolas.
Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos para los lugares en estudio y una regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS2) con respecto a las variables geoestadísticas, obteniéndose que para ambas pruebas los resultados fueron concordantes con el ACP.
Estonya ile Türkiye Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ALTAY Nalan 
Published: May 2021

Sosyal Bilgiler dersi, oldukça geniş bir çalışma
alanıdır. Bir ülkenin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve politik durumunu ortaya
koyarken, aynı zamanda Sosyal Bilimlerin alt disiplinlerinin bir program
dahilinde ortaokullarda okutulduğu bir derstir.
Sosyal Bilgiler dersinin bir diğer işlevi ise gelecek kuşakların iyi bir
vatandaş olarak yetişmesinde oldukça etkili bir ders olmasıdır. Ülkemizde
mevcut sosyal bilgiler öğretim programının temelinde etkili yurttaş yetiştirmek
yer alır. Bu nedenle ülkemiz için Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelerin Sosyal
Bilgiler dersi öğretim programı önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği
üyesi olan Estonya ile ülkemizdeki Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı amaç,
yeterlilikler, ölçme ve değerlendirme ve içerik boyutuyla karşılaştırılmıştır.
Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Her iki ülkeye ait Sosyal Bilgiler dersi öğretim programları bu
ülkelerin Eğitim Bakanlıklarına ait internet sitelerinden elde edilerek,
incelenmiş ve her iki ülkenin sosyal bilgiler programlarının benzer yönleri
bulunmakla beraber aralarında önemli farklılıkların da olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Two New Parametric Entropic Models for Discrete Probability Distributions
Authors: Mukesh Om Parkash, 
Published: May 2021

Information theory fundamentally deals with two types of theoretical models frequently well acknowledged as entropy and divergence. In the literature of entropy models for the discrete probability distributions, there survive numerous standard models but still there is possibility that several innovative models can be constructed so as to provide their applications in a variety of disciplines of mathematical sciences. The present communication is a right step in this direction and participates with the derivation of two new parametric models of entropy. Furthermore, it provides the meticulous study of the most advantageous properties of the projected discrete models to prove their legitimacy.
Relationship between Selected Major, Minor, and Trace Elements in Iron Oxide–Copper–Gold Deposits, an Example from the Unique Sin Quyen Deposit (Lào Cai Province, North Vietnam)
Authors: Van H. Duong , Dinh C. Nguyen , Piestrzyński A. , Pieczonka J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
—We study the relations between several selected elements present in the Sin Quyen IOCG deposit, Lào Cai, North Vietnam, and interpret the obtained correlations, especially with a coefficient higher than 0.7. The correlations with high coefficients are mainly observed for the elements belonging to the chalcophile group (Cu, Ag, Au, Te, and Bi) and for the relation between uranium and Ag, Au, Cu, Pb, and Bi. Although the S-, Fe-, and REE-bearing minerals are predominant in the studied deposit, no strong correlation between them and the other elements was observed, even with Cu. The phenomena are primarily explained based on the geochemical properties of the mentioned elements and the characteristics of IOCG deposits.
A Hybrid Network Anomaly Detection system using Glowworm Swarm Optimization with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Khilar Rashmita , Mariyappan K. , Christo Mary Subaja , Amutharaj J , T Anitha , Thavasimuthu Rajendran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The security of the network is a significant issue in any distributed system. For that intrusion detection system (IDS), have been proposed for securing the network from malicious activities. This research is proposed to design and develop an anomaly detection model for detecting attacks and unusual activities in IoT networks. The primary objective of this research is to design efficient IDS for IoT network. The intrusion detection plays an essential role in detecting different attacks on IoT and enhances the performance of the IoT. In this research, anomaly detection in IoT networks using glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm with principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. However, the proposed model is metaheuristic algorithm-based anomaly detection model to identify attacks by using the NSL-KDD dataset. The GSO algorithm based on PCA is implemented to perform the anomaly detection. For feature extraction, the PCA is used, and for classification, the GSO algorithm is used. For performance analysis, various parameters like accuracy, precision, recall, detection rate and FAR are evaluated. For normal class the proposed model achieved 94.14% accuracy, for DoS 95.52%, for R2L 93.15%, for probe 93.50% and for U2R 88.62% accuracy. Overall the detection rate was 94.08% and FAR was 3.41%.
The challenges of alcohol addictions randomised control trials (RCTs): A nominal group technique (NGT) analysis
Authors: Brobbin Eileen , Dunne Jacklyn , Hermann Laura , Kimergård Andreas , Donoghue Kim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard research design for assessing the efficacy of health care treatments and are essential for improving knowledge and outcomes. However, the challenges of running RCTs in the alcohol addiction field are rarely discussed. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a method designed to encourage contributions and elicit agreement on what to prioritise. This paper aims to identify challenges of alcohol addiction RCTs and solutions to these challenges using the NGT.Method: Six researchers from the Addictions Department, King’s College London, experienced in running alcohol addiction trials as trial managers, principal investigators and chief investigators, took part in a two-round decision conference, which involved impartial facilitation, on-the-spot modelling and interactive group discussion according to the NGT. The data generated from the first session was viewed and refined in the second session to create a priority list of challenges and solutions for future alcohol addiction RCTs.Results: The model produced a range of challenges when conducting alcohol addiction RCTs and solutions, which were rated according to priority by experts. After refinement of the model, these were categorised into five themes including: Staff, Recruitment, Follow ups, Governance and Funding. Each of these contained challenges and solutions when conducting alcohol addiction RCTs.Conclusion: The challenges to running alcohol addiction RCTs were discussed by a group experienced in this area in order to promote discussion and solutions. The process of sharing experiences and ideas allows for furthering knowledge to improve the running of alcohol addiction RCTs. There were some challenges that were discussed where no solutions were known or thought of. Current research activity should be more open to discussing and sharing challenges and possible solutions to improve research outcomes.
PECAM-1 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in breast cancer
Authors: Yue Qingfang , Wang Fei , Cao Fei , Duan Xianglong , Bai Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) is the primary cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) has been implicated in a number of important biological processes. However, the interrelation between PECAM-1 gene expression, tumor immunity, and prognosis of patients with BRCA is unclear. The current study is aimed to analyze the expression and clinical significance of PECAM-1 in breast cancer and the correlation between PECAM-1 and immune infiltrations. Methods: The differential expressions of PECAM-1 in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues were evaluated via exploring TIMER, Oncomine and UALCAN databases; the relationship within expression level of PECAM-1 and outcome of breast patients was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier plotter and PrognoScan; the methylation of PECAM-1 were investigated through the MethSurv platform; the correlation between PECAM-1 and tumor immune cell infiltration was further investigated by TIMER and GEPIA databases; the correlation between PECAM-1 and gene makers of immune infiltration were checked using TIMER and GEPIA. Results: There were significant differences in PECAM-1 expression levels between breast invasive carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Low PECAM-1 expression was significantly related to poor overall survival, progression-free survival and distant metastasis free survival in patients with breast cancer. In DNA methylation level, PECAM-1 hypermethylation in three CpG sites (cg20830094, cg00427260 and cg00879592) showed poor survival in breast cancer. PECAM-1 expression exhibited significantly positive correlations with the levels of infiltrated B cell, CD4+T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in breast cancer. Furthermore, PECAM-1 expression is positively correlated with multiple immune gene makers in breast cancer.Conclusion: The expression of PECAM-1 can serves as a prognostic biomarker in breast invasive carcinoma and is correlated with immune infiltrates.
The Impact of Metastatic Lymph Node Size on Long-Term Outcomes Following Curative Colectomy for Pathological Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Maeda Chikara , Yamaoka Yusuke , Shiomi Akio , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Hino Hitoshi , Manabe Shoichi , Kato Shunichiro , Hanaoka Marie , Notsu Akifumi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In node-positive colon cancer, the impact of MLN size on prognosis is controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of metastatic lymph node (MLN) size on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for pStage III colon cancer.Methods: This study enrolled patients who underwent curative colectomy for pStage III colon cancer between January 2013 and December 2015. All eligible patients were divided into four groups based on the short-axis diameter of the largest MLN: Group A, < 5 mm; Group B, ≥ 5 mm and < 10 mm; Group C, ≥ 10 mm and < 15 mm; and Group D, ≥ 15 mm. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard regression models to identify clinicopathological factors affecting recurrence-free survival (RFS).Results: A total of 209 patients were analyzed. We evaluated 7305 LNs, of which 644 were metastatic. The 5-year RFS rates of Groups A, B, C, and D were 82.3%, 74.6%, 74.5%, and 60.7%, respectively. In univariate analysis, age older than 70 years, Group D (largest MLN ≥ 15 mm), and the absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with RFS. In multivariate analysis, Group D (hazard ratio [HR], 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–11.65; p=0.01) and the absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.26-4.72; p<0.01) were independently associated with worse RFS.Conclusion: A maximum MLN ≥ 15 mm was significantly associated with worse RFS in stage III colon cancer. Bulky MLNs might be a poor prognostic factor in node-positive colon cancer.
Fantasy visions, Informal Urbanization, and Local conflict: Contradictions of Smart City imaginaries in India
Authors: Parida Debadutta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Smart city imaginaries have emerged in southern cities driven by neoliberal logics in the urban space. In the Indian context, much scholarly work in India has continued to engage with sweeping accounts of cities as opposed to detailed empirical studies. In this paper, I attempt to address this gap through an in-depth ethnographic inquiry of a slum redevelopment project(part of Smart city initiative) in the city of Bhubaneswar, India. I seek to understand ways in which smart city initiatives influence the everyday life of the marginalized urban slum dwellers. Drawing on participant observation; document analysis; and semi-structured interviews, I put forth three key findings from the study that advance the notion that Smart Cities initiatives in Indian cities actively marginalize the slum dwellers by attempting to dominate through inclusion. I borrow from Foucauldian concept of ‘counter-conducts’ and its reimagination in planning by Huxley (2017) to demonstrate that smart cities discourses are counter-intuitively resulting in emergent spaces of resistance in the form of counter-hegemonic practices, thus allowing spaces for evolution of discourse from unfamiliar territories. I conclude by discussing that city planning and governance pathways in India risk creating complicated path dependencies that can lead to state-citizen conflicts in the future.