bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic and Functional Abdominoplasty: Anatomical and Clinical Classification based on a 12-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Klinger Marco , Klinger Francesco , Giannasi Silvia , Bandi Valeria , Vinci Valeriano , Catania Barbara , Lisa Andrea , Veronesi Alessandra , Battistini Andrea , Giaccone Micol , Caviggioli Fabio , Maione Luca 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Abdomen reshaping is a common plastic surgery procedure, and numerous surgical techniques have been described in the scientific literature. To standardize surgical approach, we propose our protocol that correlates patients’ anatomy with the type of procedure performed.

Methods:
Between 2008 and 2020, we retrospectively analyzed 582 consecutive female patients who underwent abdomen reshaping procedures, assessing anatomical features, complication rate, patient satisfaction, and surgical result, comparing them with previous reports in the literature. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated with VAS scale (0–10).

Results:
Among the 582 patients recruited in the study, we performed 74 liposuctions as a single procedure, 62 mini-abdominoplasties, 28 T-inverted abdominoplasties, and 418 full-abdominoplasties. Aesthetic outcome evaluation reported a mean value of 8.2 from patients and 7.8 from surgeons. We experienced four early postoperative bleedings requiring hemostasis revision, 18 wound dehiscences, five seromas, and 24 re-interventions for aesthetic issues. We found no differences in the complication rate while comparing our data with previous reports in the literature.

Conclusions:
Our protocol and surgical technique have proved to be effective, safe, and reproducible, with high patient and surgeon satisfaction, low complication rate, and fast recovery time.
Repeatability of Corneal Deformation Response Parameters by Dynamic Ultra High-speed Scheimpflug Imaging in Normal and Keratoconus Eyes
Authors: Henriquez Maria A. , Gomez Isabel , Camino-Quezada Maythe , Izquierdo Luis , Chauca José , Binder Perry S. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To assess the repeatability of corneal dynamic response (CDR) parameters in normal and keratoconus (KC) eyes using ultra high-speed Scheimpflug imaging.

Methods:
Prospective, comparative, observational study, including eyes of 112 patients that underwent high-speed Scheimpflug imaging analysis (Corvis ST, OCULUS). Twenty-one CDR parameters were evaluated to asses repeatability using: coefficient of repeatability (CR), coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and within-subject SD. Three consecutive measurements by the same operator were performed for each eye.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the three consecutive measurements for all parameters in both normal and KC eyes. 71.42% (15 of the 21 parameters evaluated) and 85.71% (18 of the 21 parameters) were highly repeatable in the normal and KC group, respectively. The tomographic biomechanical index (TBI), corneal biomechanical index (CBI), and stiffness parameter (SPA1) showed an ICC of 0.978, 0.954, and 0.958 in normal and 0.982, 0.892, and 0.978 in KC eyes, respectively. The CR in normal eyes for TBI, CBI, and SPA1 were 0.169, 0.242, and 14.12, respectively, and for KC eyes 0.06, 0.23, and 13.64, respectively.

Conclusions:
Most of the corneal dynamic response parameters were highly repeatable in normal and KC eyes.
The SWIFT Model for Lichen Sclerosus Among Premenarchal Girls
Authors: Wang Melinda , Wininger Michael , Vash-Margita Alla 
Published: December 2021

Objective/Purpose
Delay in diagnosis of childhood lichen sclerosus (LS) can be ameliorated with an efficient evaluation tool. We sought to create a useful prognostic tool for rapid and accurate risk stratification for LS in premenarchal girls.

Method
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a single institution of premenarchal girls presenting with vulvovaginal complaints at a specialty pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic at a major academic center. Sixty-nine patients seen between July 2019 and September 2020 were used as a pilot study to create a model for LS based on 18 signs and symptoms. Accuracy of the pilot model was confirmed in a larger data set (additional 105 patients, seen between January 2017 and December 2020), and model parameters were refined through cluster-based analytics.

Results
Pilot study yielded 5 predictors for LS: soreness (S), whitening (W), urinary incontinence (I), fissures (F), and thickening of the clitoral hood (T)—SWIFT. The final refined model is given as log odds (LS) = −7 + 3·S + 17·W + 3·I + 3·F + 18·T. This model yielded a >97% accuracy in predicting LS among 174 unique patients (LS prevalence = 18%).

Conclusions
The SWIFT model accurately predicts clinical diagnosis of LS in premenarchal girls. Replication in other patient populations is highly encouraged. Awareness of LS is paramount, and an efficient, accurate evaluation tool will prove invaluable in assuring timely diagnosis and treatment for premenarchal patients.
Does Social and Religious Background Matter? A Study of the Psychosocial Impact of Human Papillomavirus on Lebanese Women
Authors: Atallah David , El Feghaly Charbel , El Feghaly Murielle , Arab Wissam , Khaddage Abir , Akiki Mira , El Kassis Nadine , Chakra Rim Abou , Chahine Georges , Moubarak Malak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with an important psychosocial impact. This impact has been poorly evaluated in developing countries, mostly because of the lack of instruments to quantify it. The HIP questionnaire aims to measure HPV-associated affective burden. Our team has previously translated this questionnaire to Arabic and used it to assess the impact of HPV on Lebanese women.

Materials and Methods
While the HIP is a specific tool to evaluate the emotional impact of HPV, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire consists of 2 scales, anxiety and depression, and assess the psychological distress in nonpsychiatric patients. The HPV impact profile and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires were administered to 118 Lebanese women with an HPV-related presentation, aiming to determine which aspect of these women's lives was mostly affected. The association with different sociodemographic factors was also assessed.

Results
Feelings of “concerns and worries” were mostly strongly felt in our population except for women with genital warts who were more concerned with the risk of transmission and the impact on their partners. All women had predominant feelings of anxiety.
Religion was a statistically significant influencing factor and employment a protective factor. Muslim women demonstrated significant adverse affects on HPV impact profile domains that included: “sexual impact,” “self-image,” “interaction with doctors,” and “health control/life impact.”

Conclusions
Different women perceive the diagnosis of HPV and HPV-related lesions differently. In this study, employment was found to play a protective role, but the biggest influencers were social and religious beliefs.
The Vaginal Microbiome: I. Research Development, Lexicon, Defining “Normal” and the Dynamics Throughout Women's Lives
Authors: Verstraelen Hans , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , De Seta Francesco , Ventolini Gary , Lonnee-Hoffmann Risa , Lev-Sagie Ahinoam 
Published: December 2021

Objective
This series of articles, titled The Vaginal Microbiome, written on behalf of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, aims to summarize the current findings and understanding of the vaginal bacterial microbiota, mainly regarding areas relevant to clinicians specializing in vulvovaginal disorders.

Materials and Methods
A database search of PubMed was performed, using the search terms “vaginal microbiome” (VMB) with “research,” “normal,” “neonate,” “puberty,” “adolescent,” “menopause,” and “ethnicities,” as well as “human microbiome project.” Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles.

Results
In the last 2 decades, many studies applying molecular techniques were performed, intending to characterize the vaginal microbiota. These studies advanced our understanding of how vaginal health is defined. The first article in this series focuses on the advancement of VMB research, technical definitions, the definition of “normal” VMB, and the dynamics of VMB throughout women's lives.

Conclusions
Understanding how microorganisms inhabiting the vagina interact with each other and with the host is important for a more complete understanding of vaginal health. The clinical application of microbial community sequencing is in its beginning, and its interpretation regarding practical clinical aspects is yet to be determined.
The Vaginal Microbiome: II. Vaginal Dysbiotic Conditions
Authors: Lev-Sagie Ahinoam , De Seta Francesco , Verstraelen Hans , Ventolini Gary , Lonnee-Hoffmann Risa , Vieira-Baptista Pedro 
Published: December 2021

Objective
This series of articles, titled The Vaginal Microbiome (VMB), written on behalf of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, aims to summarize the recent findings and understanding of the vaginal bacterial microbiota, mainly regarding areas relevant to clinicians specializing in vulvovaginal disorders.

Materials and Methods
A search of PubMed database was performed, using the search terms “vaginal microbiome” with “dysbiosis,” “bacterial vaginosis,” “cytolytic vaginosis,” “desquamative inflammatory vaginitis,” and “aerobic vaginitis.” Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles.

Results
The second article in this series focuses on vaginal dysbiotic conditions. Dysbiosis is a term describing imbalances in bacterial communities. Given that lactobacillus-dominated microbiota are thought to be the most optimal, vaginal dysbiosis is usually considered as lactobacilli-depleted VMB. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common vaginal dysbiotic condition, is a polymicrobial disorder, considered the leading cause for vaginal discharge in women worldwide. In addition, we review the VMB in other vaginal conditions associated with lactobacilli depletion: desquamative inflammatory vaginitis and aerobic vaginitis. We also discuss the controversial diagnosis of cytolytic vaginosis, related with lactobacilli overgrowth.

Conclusions
Bacterial vaginosis displays complex microbiology. The heterogeneity and diversity within the genus Gardnerella may impact the progression of BV. Bacterial biofilms may contribute to the etiology and persistence of BV, and various bacteria may affect its clinical presentation and pathogenicity. Lack of lactobacilli is not always accompanied by an overgrowth of anaerobes.
The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders
Authors: De Seta Francesco , Lonnee-Hoffmann Risa , Campisciano Giuseppina , Comar Manola , Verstraelen Hans , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , Ventolini Gary , Lev-Sagie Ahinoam 
Published: December 2021

Objective
This series of articles, titled The Vaginal Microbiome (VMB), written on behalf of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, aims to summarize the recent findings and understanding of the vaginal bacterial microbiota, mainly regarding areas relevant to clinicians specializing in vulvovaginal disorders.

Materials and Methods
A search of PubMed database was performed, using the search terms “vaginal microbiome” with “Candida,” “vaginitis,” “urinary microbiome,” “recurrent urinary tract infections,” “sexually transmitted infections,” “human immunodeficiency virus,” “human papillomavirus,” “nonspecific vaginitis,” “vulvodynia,” and “vulvovaginal symptoms.” Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles. The third article in this series describes VMB in various urogenital disorders.

Results
Variable patterns of the VMB are found in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis, challenging the idea of a protective role of lactobacilli. Highly similar strains of health-associated commensal bacteria are shared in both the bladder and vagina of the same individual and may provide protection against urinary tract infections. Dysbiotic VMB increases the risk of urinary tract infection. Loss of vaginal lactic acid–producing bacteria combined with elevated pH, increase the risk for sexually transmitted infections, although the exact protective mechanisms of the VMB against sexually transmitted infections are still unknown.

Conclusions
The VMB may constitute a biological barrier to pathogenic microorganisms. When the predominance of lactobacilli community is disrupted, there is an increased risk for the acquisition of various vaginal pathogents. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe the association between the host, bacterial, and fungal components of the VMB.
The Vaginal Microbiome: IV. The Role of Vaginal Microbiome in Reproduction and in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Ventolini Gary , Vieira-Baptista Pedro , De Seta Francesco , Verstraelen Hans , Lonnee-Hoffmann Risa , Lev-Sagie Ahinoam 
Published: December 2021

Objective
This series of articles, titled The Vaginal Microbiome (VMB), written on behalf of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, aims to summarize the recent findings and understanding of the vaginal bacterial microbiota, mainly regarding areas relevant to clinicians specializing in vulvovaginal disorders.

Materials and Methods
A search of PubMed database was performed, using the search terms “vaginal microbiome” with “reproduction,” “infertility,” “fertility,” “miscarriages,” “pregnancy” “cervical cancer,” “endometrial cancer,” and “ovarian cancer.” Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles.

Results
The fourth article of this series focuses on 2 distinct areas: the role of VMB in various aspects of human reproduction and, in sharp contrast, the association between the VMB and gynecologic malignancies. Several of the negative pregnancy outcomes have been associated with an altered VMB. Dysbiosis is remarkably linked with poor pregnancy outcomes from preconception to delivery. The associations between the microbiome and gynecologic cancers are described.

Conclusions
The development of the microbiome research, enabled by molecular-based techniques, has dramatically increased the detection of microorganisms and the understanding of bacterial communities that are relevant to maternal-fetal medicine in health and disease, as well as in gynecological malignancies. Proving causation in cancer is difficult because of the complex interactive nature of potential causative factors. Certain elements of the microbiota have been shown to provoke inflammatory reactions, whereas others produce anti-inflammatory reactions; this balance might be impaired with a change in microbial variety.
Quantum fermions from classical bits
Authors: Wetterich Christof 
Published: December 2021

A simple probabilistic cellular automaton is shown to be equivalent to a relativistic fermionic quantum field theory with interactions. Occupation numbers for fermions are classical bits or Ising spins. The automaton acts deterministically on bit configurations. The genuinely probabilistic character of quantum physics is realized by probabilistic initial conditions. In turn, the probabilistic automaton is equivalent to the classical statistical system of a generalized Ising model. For a description of the probabilistic information at any given time quantum concepts as wave functions and non-commuting operators for observables emerge naturally. Quantum mechanics can be understood as a particular case of classical statistics. This offers prospects to realize aspects of quantum computing in the form of probabilistic classical computing.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.
From quantum link models to D-theory: a resource efficient framework for the quantum simulation and computation of gauge theories
Authors: Wiese Uwe-Jens 
Published: December 2021

Quantum link models provide an extension of Wilson’s lattice gauge theory in which the link Hilbert space is finite-dimensional and corresponds to a representation of an embedding algebra. In contrast to Wilson’s parallel transporters, quantum links are intrinsically quantum degrees of freedom. In D-theory, these discrete variables undergo dimensional reduction, thus giving rise to asymptotically free theories. In this way(1+1)-dCP(N−1)models emerge by dimensional reduction from(2+1)-dSU(N)quantum spin ladders, the(2+1)-dconfiningU(1)gauge theory emerges from the Abelian Coulomb phase of a(3+1)-dquantum link model, and(3+1)-dQCD arises from a non-Abelian Coulomb phase of a(4+1)-dSU(3)quantum link model, with chiral quarks arising naturally as domain wall fermions. Thanks to their finite-dimensional Hilbert space and their economical mechanism of reaching the continuum limit by dimensional reduction, quantum link models provide a resource efficient framework for the quantum simulation and computation of gauge theories.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Quantum technologies in particle physics’.
SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant predicted to exhibit higher affinity to ACE-2 receptor and lower affinity to a large range of neutralizing antibodies, using a rapid computational platform
Authors: Zemla Adam , Desautels Thomas , Lau Edmond Y. , Zhu Fangqiang , Arrildt Kathryn T. , Segelke Brent W. , Sundaram Shankar , Faissol Daniel 
Published: December 2021

SummaryRapid assessment of whether a pandemic pathogen may have increased transmissibility or be capable of evading existing vaccines and therapeutics is critical to mounting an effective public health response. Over the period of seven days, we utilized rapid computational prediction methods to evaluate potential public health implications of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Specifically, we modeled the structure of the Omicron variant, examined its interface with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and evaluated the change in binding affinity between Omicron, ACE-2 and publicly known neutralizing antibodies. We also compared the Omicron variant to known Variants of Concern (VoC). Seven of the 15 Omicron mutations occurring in the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) occur at the ACE-2 cell receptor interface, and therefore may play a critical role in enhancing binding to ACE-2. Our estimates of Omicron RBD-ACE-2 binding affinities indicate that at least two of RBD mutations, Q493R and N501Y, contribute to enhanced ACE-2 binding, nearly doubling delta-delta-G (ddG) free energies calculated for other VoC’s. Binding affinity estimates also were calculated for 55 known neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Analysis of the results showed that Omicron substantially degrades binding for more than half of these neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and for roughly 10 times as many of the antibodies than the currently dominant Delta variant. This early study lends support to use of rapid computational risk assessments to inform public health decision-making while awaiting detailed experimental characterization and confirmation.
In vitro and computational analysis of the putative furin cleavage site (RRARS) in the divergent spike protein of the rodent coronavirus AcCoV-JC34 (sub-genus luchacovirus)
Authors: Choi Annette , Singleton Deanndria T. , Stout Alison E. , Millet Jean K. , Whittaker Gary R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Coronaviridae is a highly diverse virus family, with reservoir hosts in a variety of wildlife species that encompass bats, birds and small mammals, including rodents. Within the taxonomic group alphacoronavirus, certain sub-genera (including the luchacoviruses) have phylogenetically distinct spike proteins, which remain essentially uncharacterized. Using in vitro and computational techniques, we analyzed the spike protein of the rodent coronavirus AcCoV-JC34 from the sub-genus luchacovirus, previously identified in Apodemus chevrieri (Chevrier’s field mouse). We show that AcCoV-JC34—unlike the other luchacoviruses—has a putative furin cleavage site (FCS) within its spike S1 domain, close to the S1/S2 interface. The pattern of basic amino acids within the AcCoV-JC34 FCS (-RR-R-) is identical to that found in “pre-variant” SARS-CoV-2—which is in itself atypical for an FCS, and suboptimal for furin cleavage. Our analysis shows that, while containing an -RR-R-motif, the AcCoV-JC34 spike “FCS” is not cleaved by furin (unlike for SARS-CoV-2), suggesting the possible presence of a progenitor sequence for viral emergence from a distinct wildlife host.
A Model Visualization-based Approach for Insight into Waveforms and Spectra Learned by CNNs
Authors: Ellis Charles A. , Miller Robyn L. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent years have shown a growth in the application of deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to electrophysiology analysis. However, using neural networks with raw time-series data makes explainability a significant challenge. Multiple explainability approaches have been developed for insight into the spectral features learned by CNNs from EEG. However, across electrophysiology modalities, and even within EEG, there are many unique waveforms of clinical relevance. Existing methods that provide insight into waveforms learned by CNNs are of questionable utility. In this study, we present a novel model visualization-based approach that analyzes the filters in the first convolutional layer of the network. To our knowledge, this is the first method focused on extracting explainable information from EEG waveforms learned by CNNs while also providing insight into the learned spectral features. We demonstrate the viability of our approach within the context of automated sleep stage classification, a well-characterized domain that can help validate our approach. We identify 3 subgroups of filters with distinct spectral properties, determine the relative importance of each group of filters, and identify several unique waveforms learned by the classifier that were vital to the classifier performance. Our approach represents a significant step forward in explainability for electrophysiology classifiers, which we also hope will be useful for providing insights in future studies.Clinical RelevanceOur approach can assist with the development and validation of clinical time-series classifiers.
Genotype and Th2 cells control monocyte to tissue resident macrophage differentiation during nematode infection of the pleural cavity
Authors: Finlay Conor M , Parkinson James E , Chan Brian HK , Ajendra Jesuthas , Chenery Alistair , Morrison Anya , Houlder Emma L , Baker Syed Murtuza , Dickie Ben , Boon Louis , MacDonald Andrew S , Konkel Joanne E , Rückerl Dominik , Allen Judith E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recent revolution in tissue-resident macrophage biology has resulted largely from murine studies performed in the C57BL/6 strain. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of immune cells in the pleural cavity using both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, naïve tissue-resident Large Cavity Macrophages (LCM) of BALB/c mice failed to fully implement the tissue residency program. Following infection with a pleural-dwelling nematode these pre-existing differences were accentuated with LCM expansion occurring in C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice. While infection drove monocyte recruitment in both strains, only in C57BL/6 mice were monocytes able to efficiently integrate into the resident pool. Monocyte to macrophage conversion required both T cells and IL-4Rα signalling. Host genetics are therefore a key influence on tissue resident macrophage biology, and during nematode infection Th2 cells control the differentiation pathway of tissue resident macrophages.Graphical Abstract