bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virologic efficacy of tenofovir, lamivudine and dolutegravir as second-line antiretroviral therapy in adults failing a tenofovir-based first-line regimen
Authors: Keene Claire M. , Griesel Rulan , Zhao Ying , Gcwabe Zimasa , Sayed Kaneez , Hill Andrew , Cassidy Tali , Ngwenya Olina , Jackson Amanda , van Zyl Gert , Schutz Charlotte , Goliath Rene , Flowers Tracy , Goemaere Eric , Wiesner Lubbe , Simmons Bryony , Maartens Gary , Meintjes Graeme 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
Recycling tenofovir and lamivudine/emtricitabine (XTC) with dolutegravir would provide a more tolerable, affordable, and scalable second-line regimen than dolutegravir with an optimized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone. We evaluated efficacy of tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) in patients failing first-line tenofovir/XTC/efavirenz or nevirapine.

Design:
Single arm, prospective, interventional study.

Setting:
Two primary care clinics in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

Participants:
Sixty adult patients with two viral loads greater than 1000 copies/ml.

Intervention:
Participants were switched to TLD with additional dolutegravir (50 mg) for 2 weeks to overcome efavirenz induction.

Primary outcome:
Proportion achieving viral load less than 50 copies/ml at week 24 using the FDA snapshot algorithm.

Results:
Baseline median CD4+ cell count was 248 cells/μl, viral load 10 580 copies/ml and 48 of 54 (89%) had resistance (Stanford score ≥15) to one or both of tenofovir and XTC. No participants were lost to follow-up. At week 24, 51 of 60 [85%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 73–93%] were virologically suppressed, six had viral load 50–100 copies/ml, one had viral load 100–1000 copies/ml, one no viral load in window, and one switched because of tenofovir-related adverse event. No integrase mutations were detected in the one participant meeting criteria for resistance testing. Virological suppression was achieved by 29 of 35 (83%, 95% CI 66–93%) with resistance to tenofovir and XTC, 11 of 13 (85%, 95% CI 55–98%) with resistance to XTC, and six of six (100%, 95% CI 54–100%) with resistance to neither.

Conclusion:
A high proportion of adults switching to second-line TLD achieved virologic suppression despite substantial baseline NRTI resistance and most not suppressed had low-level viraemia (≤100 copies/ml). This suggests recycling tenofovir and XTC with dolutegravir could provide an effective second-line option.
Gastrojejunostomy in Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity: Linear Stapler Length Does Not Affect Mid-term Outcomes
Authors: Tankel James , Ahmed Ahmed R. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was to compare whether different linear stapler lengths used to form the gastrojejunostomy during laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass affects mid-term weight loss outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective single center analysis was performed. Surgical technique was identical other than either a 35 or 45 mm linear stapler being used to form the gastrojejunostomy. Multivariate regression was used to assess the relationship between the different stapler lengths and weight loss outcomes 2 years following surgery.

Results:
Of the 97 patients identified, 67 (69.1%) were included in the study. There were 30 patients in the 35 mm group and 37 in the 45 mm group. The groups were comparable in terms of basic demographic data and preoperative weight characteristics. There was no significant difference in weight loss outcomes 2 years following surgery when comparing between the different linear stapler lengths.

Conclusion:
Thirty-five versus 45 mm linear stapler lengths does not affect mid-term weight loss outcomes.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients With Previous Failed Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Zhu Jisheng , Zhang Yang , Du Peng , Hu Wang , Xiao Weidong , Li Yong 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The aim was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (group A) versus primary LCBDE (group B) for the management of gallbladder and common bile duct stones.

Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed in several databases, including PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis of operative outcomes, postoperative outcomes, and gallstone clearance rates was conducted using random-effect models.

Results:
Six studies including 642 patients (239 in group A and 403 in group B) were included. The operative time was longer in group A (P=0.02). The overall complication, bile leakage, conversion, postoperative hospital stay, and reoperation were comparable in group A and group B. Similarly, no significant difference was present concerning the incidence of stone clearance, residual stone, and recurrent stone (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
LCBDE is an alternative acceptable procedure when removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic therapy fails.
Glial Cell Responses to constant low Light exposure in Rat Retina
Authors: Bruera Manuel Gastón , Benedetto María Mercedes , Guido Mario E , Degano Alicia Laura , Contin María A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTRetinal damage promoted by constant illumination of low intensity resulted in a diminution in classical photoreceptors cells. Glial cells exert profound effects on neurons, vasculature and other glial cells. Macroglia and microglia with specific morphological, physiological, and antigenic characteristics may play an essential role in both the maintenance and control of retinal homeostasis, or to exert mechanisms that promote cell death. The role of glial cells and immune function in the pathogenesis promoted by low light is poorly understood. We performed glial cells characterization along the time-course of retinal degeneration induced by chronic exposure to low intensity of light in Wistar rats. We exposed the animals at constant light from 2 to 8 days and assessed the retinal glia. After 6 days of light exposure, retinas presented increased levels of GFAP, a macroglia marker and microglia markers Iba1 and CD68 displayed increased mRNA levels after 6 days. The number of Iba1 positive cells increased in the outer nuclear layer, showing ameboid morphology with thicker processes characteristic of microglial activated cells. The expression levels of immune mediators TNF-□ and IL-6 were also significantly increased after 6 days. Finally, chemokines analysis showed that CX3CR1 and CCL2 expression levels were significantly elevated after 6 days. Hence, all the events of glial activation occurred after 5-6 days of constant light exposure, when the number of cells of the outer nuclear layer has already decreased significantly. Herein we demonstrated that glial and immune activation are secondary to neurodegeneration; in this scenario, our results suggest that photoreceptor death is an early event that may be induced by phototransduction-dependent mechanisms.
Factors affecting Vietnamese farmers' intention toward organic agricultural production
Authors: Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh , Doan Xuan Hau , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Nguyen Thi Mai 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting Vietnamese farmer's intention toward organic agricultural production based on research model integrating theories: theory of planned behavior (TPB) and norm activation model (NAM).Design/methodology/approachAfter in-depth interviews with 5 agricultural researchers and 5 farmers, the authors determined the official research model and built a complete survey. Data were collected from 318 farmers in the Hanoi, Vietnam by directly survey. Statistical methods, such as Cronbach's alpha analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), were used to analyze the data.FindingsThis paper shows that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and personal norm were significantly related to intention of the farmers; awareness of consequences was positively related to ascription of responsibility, personal norm, attitude and subjective norms; ascription of responsibility has a positive relationship with personal norm. The TPB-NAM integration model is proven to be superior to the original TPB model when studying factors affecting Vietnamese farmer's intention toward organic agricultural production.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this paper is that the sampling method is not representative for the whole country and just stops at researching the intentions of farmers without understanding the practices of organic agricultural production.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that state management agencies in Vietnam need to pay attention to raise awareness among farmers about the role of organic farming, communicate to farmers through different channels about the benefits of organic farming compared to conventional agriculture and form information spillover groups between farmers who have produced organic agriculture and have not yet produced organic agriculture.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by focusing on integrating TPB and NAM when understanding farmers' intention toward organic agricultural production in Vietnam. This integrated model has proven the suitability of combining two approaches, a rational approach and an ethical approach, when studying farmer intentions.
Testing the link between psychological contract, innovative behavior and multidimensional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Karani Anushree , Deshpande Revati , Mall Sunita , Jayswal Mitesh 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe study investigates the impact of psychological contract breach on employees' innovative behavior and well-being (happiness, work engagement and mental well-being) who are working from home during this COVID-19 pandemic situation. Drawing on social information processing (SIP) and job-demand resource (JD-R) theory, job stress was proposed as a mediator explaining this relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via a structured questionnaire through Google Docs from 258 respondents working at different capacity in Indian organizations. The study includes those respondents who are working from home during COVID-19 pandemic situation. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsPsychological contract breach was negatively impacting innovative behavior and well-being. Job stress mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and innovative behavior as well as well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic situation and especially for those who are working from home only.Research limitations/implicationsThe data for the study were collected from the employees working from home during this COVID-19 pandemic situation was cross-sectional. The study implied or spoke about the unmet expectations leading to reduced innovative behavior harming the organization's effectiveness and it also reduces well-being which harms the individual in the era of social and financial uncertainty.Originality/valueThe novel contribution of the study is integrating SIP and JD-R theory during the pandemic situation. The results highlighted meticulous empirical evidence which answers the question that how the unmet expectations cause a detrimental effect on the employees as well as the organizations in this COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Blockchain informative infrastructure: a conceptual reflection on public administrative procedures and a citizen-centred view
Authors: Rainero Christian , Modarelli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis work highlights the potential of blockchain from a public management (PM) angle. Given the limited presence of blockchain's broad-spectrum, empirical-applicative evidence in the public sector, as well as theoretical systematisations that can exemplify its potential within this scope, the authors have concentrated their efforts on structuring a referring model.Design/methodology/approachAfter identifying a gap and conducting a preliminary literature review related to public administration (PA), the authors propose a paradigm focused on a conceptual synthesis methodology, starting from a longitudinal analysis and a coding activity that are able to structure a clear framework of theoretical parallelism regarding blockchain's main functionalities, as well as future perspectives in the public sector.FindingsThe main results yielded a specific longitudinal literature review and constitute a referring model of blockchain's systematised functionalities through a conceptualised matrix. The outcome of the conceptualisation process frames and systematises a rapidly growing controversial phenomenon, furnishing a specific referring paradigm for the issue as it relates to policymakers.Originality/valueThe study's originality resides in the two views the authors created, both from the literature review and from the conceptual synthesis for public sector operative practice via an anthropocentric lens, conveyed by a three-year range of analysis.
Fueling leadership in yourself: a leadership development program for all types of health-care workers
Authors: Houchens Nathan , L. Sivils Stacy , Koester Elizabeth , Ratz David , Ridenour Jennifer , Saint Sanjay 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Leadership development may be a key strategy to enhance job satisfaction, reduce burnout and improve patient safety in health-care systems. This study aims to assess feasibility of a leadership development series in an effort to invigorate a collaborative culture, create peer networks and elevate autonomy in daily work.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors implemented a collectivistic leadership development series titled Fueling Leadership in Yourself. The series was designed for all types of health-care workers in the medicine service at a tertiary referral center for veterans. Two series of leadership development sessions with varied experiential learning methods were facilitated by content experts. Subjects focused on leadership approaches and attributes applicable to all roles within a health-care system. The authors collected participant perceptions using pre- and post-series surveys. Primary outcomes were understanding and applicability of leadership concepts, employee engagement in leadership, satisfaction with training and work environment and qualitative reflections.

Findings
A total of 26 respondents (of 38 participants) from 8 departments and several role types increased their knowledge of leadership techniques, were highly satisfied with and would recommend the series and found leadership principles applicable to their daily work. Participants continued to use skills years after the series.

Practical implications
Short, intermittent, collectivistic leadership development sessions appear effective in expanding knowledge, satisfaction and skills used in daily practice for a diverse group of health-care workers.

Originality/value
Novel programmatic aspects included inviting all types of health-care workers, practicing universally applicable content and using a variety of active, experiential learning methods.
Towards 2014/95/EU directive compliance: the case of Poland
Authors: Matuszak Łukasz , Różańska Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the differences in the extent of non-financial disclosure (NFD) across companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange over the period surrounding the implementation of the Directive 2014/95/EU.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprising 134 selected companies. Content analysis and a disclosure index were used to measure the level of NFD. Non-financial reporting practices in the two years before (2015) and one year after (2017) the implementation of the Directive were compared.

Findings
The results highlight that there is already a high level of compliance with the European Union’s regulation. The extent of the NFD across different thematic aspects in reporting media increased significantly between 2015 and 2017 in particular in human rights and anti-corruption. The Directive had the largest impact on those firms with previously low levels of NFD and led to more homogeneity of NFD across different industries.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the understanding of the impact of the Directive on the NFD practices by European Union companies. The research has important implications for policymakers because it revealed that mandatory regulations form a crucial instrument in improving the harmonization of NFD. The research suggests that, due to the Directive, stakeholders should be provided with more comprehensive information that they need in their decision-making process.
Bridging the global digital divide through digital inclusion: the role of ICT access and ICT use
Authors: Adam Ibrahim Osman , Dzang Alhassan Muftawu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
In an increasingly digitalised society, digital participation is reliant on information communication technology (ICT) access and the ability to use technologies for everyday tasks. To this end, people risk being digitally excluded if they cannot access and use ICTs. The purpose of this paper is to examine globally the effects of ICT access and ICT use on digital inclusion on one hand and the mediating role of ICT usage on the linkage between ICT access and digital inclusion on the other.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a hypothesized model based on structuration theory and secondary data drawn from multiple archival sources in 121 countries. The authors test the model using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings
The results from the PLS analysis shows that while ICT usage significantly influences digital inclusion at the global level, ICT access does not. Furthermore, the mediating role of ICT usage was not supported.

Originality/value
This study to the best of the authors’ knowledge is one of the very few studies to examine the effects of ICT access and ICT use on digital inclusion at the global level. The study contributes to the discourse on digital inclusion in ICT4D research.
Quantifying the effects of intraspecific variation on predator feeding rates through nonlinear averaging
Authors: Coblentz Kyle E. , Merhoff Stephanie , Novak Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Theory suggests that intraspecific trait variation will alter species interaction strengths through nonlinear averaging when interaction strengths are nonlinear functions of individuals' traits. This effect is expected to be widespread, yet what factors mediate its magnitude in nature and hence its potential effects on ecosystems and communities are unclear.

We sought to quantify how nonlinear predator functional responses, variation in prey densities and counteracting variation in attack rates and handling times among predator individuals of similar body size alter their population‐level feeding rates through nonlinear averaging in a natural system, and to determine the processes influencing the net magnitude of this effect.

We used a field caging experiment in the rocky intertidal of Oregon, USA to quantify attack‐rate variation and feeding rates of the whelk Nucella ostrina on its barnacle and mussel prey. We also used empirically parameterized simulations to examine the effects of handling‐time variation among individuals on population‐level feeding rates.

Within cages, individual attack‐rate variation reduced population‐level whelk feeding rates. However, the magnitude of this reduction differed among prey species and cages depending on cage‐specific magnitudes of attack‐rate variation and functional‐response nonlinearity. The inferred effects of handling‐time variation among individuals were of smaller magnitude than those of attack‐rate variation, yet counteracted them to cause a net weakening of the effect of individual attack‐rate variation on population‐level feeding rates. Across cages, attack‐rate and prey‐density variation had non‐additive effects that produced greater feeding‐rate reductions at the experiment scale relative to the cage scale.

Our results indicate that the effects of trait variation via nonlinear averaging depend critically on the features of systems that determine the magnitudes of nonlinearities and trait variation. Because of counteracting trait variation, nonlinear‐averaging effects may be quite complex, involving both the variances and covariances of all traits and environmental variables influencing the ecological process of interest.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Genetic insights into the dark matter of the mammalian gut microbiota through targeted genome reconstruction
Authors: Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Alessandri Giulia , Milani Christian , Viappiani Alice , Fontana Federico , Tarracchini Chiara , Mancabelli Leonardo , Argentini Chiara , Ruiz Lorena , Margolles Abelardo , van Sinderen Douwe , Turroni Francesca , Ventura Marco 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWhole metagenomic shotgun (WMS) sequencing has dramatically enhanced our ability to study microbial genomics. The possibility to unveil the genetic makeup of bacteria that cannot be easily isolated has significantly expanded our microbiological horizon. Here, we report an approach aimed at uncovering novel bacterial species by the use of targeted WMS sequencing. Employing in silico data retrieved from metabolic modelling to formulate a chemically defined medium (CDM), we were able to isolate and subsequently sequence the genomes of six putative novel species of bacteria from the gut of non‐human primates.
Reliability of the BCCT.core software in evaluation of breast cosmesis – A systematic review
Authors: Trakis Stami , Lord Heidi , Graham Peter , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBreast cancer conservative treatment software (BCCT.core) has the potential to provide objective results using digital photographs, thus increasing the reliability, limiting the subjective interpretation and standardising the evaluation of breast cosmesis in patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the empirical evidence regarding the agreement between the BCCT.core and other methods used by health professionals and patients to assess breast cosmesis. The Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the agreement between BCCT.core and other methods used to assess breast cosmesis. A total of 14 studies involving 2703 patients were included in the review. In studies where patients undertook self‐assessment, the percentage agreement ranged from 69.2% to 74.8% and the kappa values ranged from slight (k = 0.12) to fair agreement. There was a low correlation between the BCCT.core and the Harvard scale when patients assessed cosmetic outcomes using photographs of their breasts (r = 0.165). A 75% and 42.8% agreement was reported in studies where clinicians assessed breast cosmesis by directly visualising the patients’ breasts and photographs, respectively. Assessment of breast cosmesis by the expert panel using patient photographs reported a percentage agreement ranging from 25% to 83%. The results of this systematic review demonstrated an overall agreement of fair to moderate between the BCCT.core and the subjective scales used to assess breast cosmesis. However, clinician experience and patient values should be considered in clinical decision‐making.