bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of nano‐silica on the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam
Authors: Do Thi Vi Vi , Le Van Hau Vo , Thai Ngoc Uyen Nguyen , Dai Hue Ngan , Grillet Anne‐Cécile , Thuc Chi Nhan Ha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study reports the influence of nano‐silica particles (0.0–0.45 %wt) on properties of polyurethane foams (PUF) using monoglycerides, sorbitol, and glycerol as components of polyol. The morphology, density, mechanical, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity properties of samples were investigated in this study. When 0.35 %Wt of nano‐silica was used to reinforce PUF, the compression strength of PUF achieved the highest value (82.49 kPa). The thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the presence of nano‐silica can improve the thermal stability of PUF samples. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that PUF samples containing 0.3, 0.35, and 0.45 %Wt of nano‐silica had more uniform cell structures than pure PUF sample. Finally, the thermal conductivity of pure PUF and PUF/nano‐silica were measured at three different levels of humidity (33% RH, 57% RH and 75% RH) at 25°C. The lowest thermal conductivity value achieved was 0.034 W/mK.
Determination of the residual monomer concentration of ε‐caprolactam in polyamide‐6 using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy gas analysis
Authors: Kurt Samet , Maier Jonas , Horny Robert , Horn Siegfried , Koch Dietmar , Moosburger‐Will Judith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor the anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide‐6 the residual monomer concentration in the final polymer is an important characteristic. To determine this residual ε‐caprolactam monomer concentration, a fast and fail‐safe method was developed, which couples thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) gas analysis. FTIR allows an identification of the types of gasses released during heat treatment. Calibration of the infrared absorbance of ε‐caprolactam and the corresponding mass loss in TGA allows a quantitative evaluation of the ε‐caprolactam monomer release. Low‐heating rates and powdery samples guarantee high‐precision measurements.
Influence of deposited amine‐functionalized Si‐MCM‐41 in polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes applied for separation of water in oil emulsions
Authors: Ávila‐Ortega Alejandro , Avalos‐Hernández José Pablo , Trejo‐Tzab Rudy , Oliva Andrés Iván , Juárez‐Moreno Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong several oil/water emulsion separation technologies, the utilization of nanoparticle‐decorated membranes with diverse functionalities has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly if the antifouling capacity can be improved. In this article, we propose a new membrane based on surface‐hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes and/or decorated with amine‐functionalized Si‐MCM‐41 nanoparticles to be used as oil/water emulsion separation treatment and to determine their antifouling ability. X‐Ray photoelectron spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and toluidine blue O assay, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements for oil under water and thermogravimetry were used for characterizing the membranes and an assay of permeability was developed to quantify the diffusion of oil molecules across the electrospun membrane. The electrospun and/or decorated membranes showed an underwater oleophobic wettability, which can separate oil‐in‐water emulsions with 87% separation efficiency, results of fouling experiments, evaluated in terms of rejection and flux recovery ratio, exhibited good antifouling ability, but the membrane decoration process did not lead to superior outcomes compared with undecorated membranes.
Recent Progress of Near‐Infrared Persistent Phosphors in Bio‐related and Emerging Applications
Authors: Wu Lixin , Tang Ying , Lu Fengniu , Yuan Zhiqin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared persistent phosphors (NIR‐PPs) are an emerging category of luminescent materials that can continuously emit NIR luminescence with super‐long decay time of minutes, hours, or even days after the excitation ceases. Their unique excitation‐free long‐lasting afterglow, together with the NIR emission, has not only attracted wide research interests in the areas of photochemistry, photophysics, spectroscopy, and materials science, but also stimulated advanced applications in biosensing, bioimaging, biomedicine, and therapy in the past decade. Beyond these bio‐related applications, the active research field triggers a number of novel applications recently. In this review, a brief outline of NIR‐PPs including the luminescence mechanism, main material systems, and how they were applied into various fields was depicted. Particular emphasis was put on the emerging applications outside the field of biology. Future perspectives in this exploration research area were also presented. We hope this review can help researchers grab the latest information in the fast‐growing field of NIR‐PPs.
Survival of infants born with esophageal atresia among 24 international birth defects surveillance programs
Authors: Bell Jane C. , Baynam Gareth , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Bermejo‐Sánchez Eva , Botto Lorenzo D. , Canfield Mark A. , Dastgiri Saeed , Gatt Miriam , Groisman Boris , Hurtado‐Villa Paula , Kallen Karin , Khoshnood Babak , Konrad Victoria , Landau Danielle , Lopez‐Camelo Jorge S. , Martinez Laura , Morgan Margery , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Nance Amy E. , Nembhard Wendy , Pierini Anna , Rissmann Anke , Shan Xiaoyi , Sipek Antonin , Szabova Elena , Tagliabue Giovanna , Yevtushok Lyubov S. , Zarante Ignacio , Nassar Natasha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) affects around 2.3–2.6 per 10,000 births world‐wide. Infants born with this condition require surgical correction soon after birth. Most survival studies of infants with EA are locally or regionally based. We aimed to describe survival across multiple world regions.MethodsWe included infants diagnosed with EA between 1980 and 2015 from 24 birth defects surveillance programs that are members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. We calculated survival as the proportion of liveborn infants alive at 1 month, 1‐ and 5‐years, among all infants with EA, those with isolated EA, those with EA and additional anomalies or EA and a chromosomal anomaly or genetic syndrome. We also investigated trends in survival over the decades, 1980s–2010s.ResultsWe included 6,466 liveborn infants with EA. Survival was 89.4% (95% CI 88.1–90.5) at 1‐month, 84.5% (95% CI 83.0–85.9) at 1‐year and 82.7% (95% CI 81.2–84.2) at 5‐years. One‐month survival for infants with isolated EA (97.1%) was higher than for infants with additional anomalies (89.7%) or infants with chromosomal or genetic syndrome diagnoses (57.3%) with little change at 1‐ and 5‐years. Survival at 1 month improved from the 1980s to the 2010s, by 6.5% for infants with isolated EA and by 21.5% for infants with EA and additional anomalies.ConclusionsAlmost all infants with isolated EA survived to 5 years. Mortality was higher for infants with EA and an additional anomaly, including chromosomal or genetic syndromes. Survival improved from the 1980s, particularly for those with additional anomalies.
Brain imaging features of children with Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Jie , Cao Ya‐Xian , Wu Hui‐Ying , Li He‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) features of the central nervous system (CNS) in children with Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome.MethodsThe imaging and clinical data of four children diagnosed with Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome by clinical and laboratory tests in the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were gathered and analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestations and CNS imaging features of Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome were summarized based on our results and a literature review.ResultsOur results showed that delayed development, skin pigmentation, nail/toenail dystrophy, thrombocytopenia, and anemia are the most observed clinical presentations of Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome. Important findings on CNS imaging showed that all patients had cerebellar hypoplasia, delayed myelination, hydrocephalus, brain atrophy, and calcification. The gene mutations in all cases were consistent with those of dyskeratosis congenita, including TINF2 mutations in three cases and DKC1 mutations in one case.ConclusionHoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome is a severe variant of dyskeratosis congenita. Both DKC1 and TINF2 mutations can lead to the phenotypes of Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome. In our study, CNS imaging revealed that cerebellar hypoplasia has an important diagnostic value for Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome while delayed myelination, calcification of the parenchyma, brain atrophy, and hydrocephalus are also important findings on CNS imaging. Combining imaging features with clinical and laboratory indicators can assist the diagnosis of Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome.
Prognostic significance of poorly differentiated histology and impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in early squamous cell carcinoma of cervix uteri
Authors: Luo Hui , Yao Hongxia , Xu Xinxin , Li Zhen , Zhao Hongqin , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study is to determine whether the addition of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy after radical hysterectomy will improve the survival of low‐risk squamous cervical carcinoma with poor differentiation.MethodsPatients with low‐risk squamous cervical cancer (FIGO IA2–IIA, absent high‐ and intermediate‐risk factors after pathological evaluation) were eligible for this study. As first, the prognostic relevance of G3 versus G1/G2 among patients with low‐risk squamous cervical cancer was analyzed, then, the oncological results of postoperative chemotherapy among low‐risk squamous cervical cancer with poor differentiation was explored.ResultsTotally, there were 367 low‐risk squamous cervical cancer patients, of whom 161 were poor‐differentiated (47 in the chemotherapy group and 114 in the nonchemotherapy group), with a median follow‐up time of 56 months. Patients with G3 displayed a significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.035), and a higher recurrence rate (p = 0.014) than patients with G1/G2. Compared with the nonchemotherapy group, the hazard ratios (95%CI) for recurrence‐free survival in the chemotherapy group was 0.24 (0.06–0.93), (p = 0.038). No difference in overall survival was observed between the chemotherapy group and the nonchemotherapy group.ConclusionsThe addition of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy following surgery significantly improved recurrence‐free survival for low‐risk, poor differentiation, and early stage squamous cervical cancer patients.
Overall survival, adverse events, and economic burden in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving systemic therapy: Real‐world evidence from the medicare population
Authors: Goyal Ravi K. , Nagar Saurabh P. , Kabadi Shaum M. , Le Hannah , Davis Keith L. , Kaye James A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation on overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is mostly available from clinical trials. We therefore conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study to assess OS, incidence of AEs, and economic burden in real‐world practice among Medicare patients treated for CLL.MethodsPatients with CLL receiving ≥1 systemic therapy from 2013 to 2015 were selected from the Medicare claims database and followed from the start of first observed systemic therapy (index date) through December 2016 or death. OS for patients receiving each of the most commonly observed treatments was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. AEs were assessed among patients receiving these treatments across all observed lines of therapy. All‐cause direct medical costs were assessed from the Medicare system perspective.ResultsAmong 7,965 eligible patients across all observed therapy lines, ibrutinib monotherapy (Ibr; n = 2,708), chlorambucil monotherapy (Clb; n = 1,620), and bendamustine/rituximab (BR; n = 1,485) were the most common treatments. For first observed therapy, 24‐month OS estimates for Ibr, Clb, and BR recipients were 69% (95% CI = 68%–71%), 68% (95% CI = 65%–71%), and 79% (95% CI = 77%–81%) respectively. The most frequently recorded AEs in patients receiving these treatments in any observed line of therapy were neutropenia, hypertension, anemia, and infection. For all patients, the mean monthly all‐cause cost during the follow‐up period was $8,974 (SD = $11,562); cost increased by the number of AEs, from $5,144 (SD = $5,409) among those with 1–2 AEs to $10,077 (SD = $12,542) among those with ≥6 AEs.ConclusionOver two‐thirds of patients survived at least 2 years after starting their first observed therapy for CLL. Our findings highlight considerable susceptibility to AEs and unmet medical need in Medicare patients with CLL treated in routine practice. Medicare incurred substantial economic burden following initiation of systemic therapy, and patients with greater numbers of AEs accounted disproportionately for the high overall cost of CLL management.
In transition: Supporting competency attainment in Black and Latinx students
Authors: Richardson Eric , Fisher Daniel , Oetjen Dawn , Oetjen Reid , Gordon Jean , Conklin Sheri , Knowles Emily 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMinority students, particularly those of the Black and Latinx communities, face daunting challenges—confronted with the recent pandemic, ongoing inequality, and increased financial uncertainty due to job loss and rising unemployment. With recent shifts to skill‐based learning and remaining "work‐ready," competency‐based education (CBE) has never been more critical. CBE is outcome‐focused, student‐centered, and integrates instruction focusing on students mastering prerequisite content and skills to advance. However, many "in‐person" programs primarily structure delivery around lecture‐based delivery, often focus on the quantity of work versus behavioral outcomes, and fail to recognize the synergy of innovative delivery mechanisms. In a well‐designed online program/course, faculty can anchor course objectives to competencies, implement innovative assessments, leverage components of Connectivism, and utilize just‐in‐time learning to help their students excel. This writing focuses on best practices for implementing components of Connectivism and just‐in‐time learning for programs/courses shifting to online delivery.
Cutaneous arteritis with compartment syndrome: Case report and review of published works
Authors: Yoshida Satoshi , Muto Jun , Utsunomiya Ryo , Kitazawa Riko , Matsumoto Takuya , Sayama Koji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCutaneous arteritis (CA) is a rare limited form of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), which usually has a benign prognosis and requires less aggressive therapy. Here, we present a case of CA localized to both skin and muscle limited to the same area as skin lesions. We propose CA with muscle disorders as a severe subtype of CA and present a literature review of CA with muscle disorders, which may require treatment with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, immunosuppressive therapy, and below‐the‐knee amputation. Our case presented here demonstrates a severe case of CA associated with compartment syndrome, leading to a highly elevated serum concentration of procalcitonin.
Acute myeloid leukemia: Treatment and research outlook for 2021 and the MD Anderson approach
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kadia Tapan M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Welch Mary Alma , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: March 2021

The unraveling of the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has resulted in rapid translation of the information into clinical practice. After more than 40 years of slow progress in AML research, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved nine agents for different AML treatment indications since 2017. In this review, we detail the progress that has been made in the research and treatment of AML, citing key publications related to AML research and therapy in the English literature since 2000. The notable subsets of AML include acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), core‐binding factor AML (CBF‐AML), AML in younger patients fit for intensive chemotherapy, and AML in older/unfit patients (usually at the age cutoff of 60‐70 years). We also consider within each subset whether the AML is primary or secondary (therapy‐related, evolving from untreated or treated myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm). In APL, therapy with all‐trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide results in estimated 10‐year survival rates of ≥80%. Treatment of CBF‐AML with fludarabine, high‐dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) results in estimated 10‐year survival rates of ≥75%. In younger/fit patients, the “3+7” regimen (3 days of daunorubicin + 7 days of cytarabine) produces less favorable results (estimated 5‐year survival rates of 35%; worse in real‐world experience); regimens that incorporate high‐dose cytarabine, adenosine nucleoside analogs, and GO are producing better results. Adding venetoclax, FLT3, and IDH inhibitors into these regimens has resulted in encouraging preliminary data. In older/unfit patients, low‐intensity therapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and venetoclax is now the new standard of care. Better low‐intensity regimens incorporating cladribine, low‐dose cytarabine, and other targeted therapies (FLT3 and IDH inhibitors) are emerging. Maintenance therapy now has a definite role in the treatment of AML, and oral HMAs with potential treatment benefits are also available. In conclusion, AML therapy is evolving rapidly and treatment results are improving in all AML subsets as novel agents and strategies are incorporated into traditional AML chemotherapy.LAY SUMMARY

Ongoing research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is progressing rapidly.

Since 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved 10 drugs for different AML indications.

This review updates the research and treatment pathways for AML.
Pulmonary nodule detection based on 3D feature pyramid network with incorporated squeeze‐and‐excitation‐attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Mengyi , Kong Zhaokai , Zhu Wenjun , Yan Fei , Xie Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLung cancer is mainly caused by malignant lung nodules. Early detection and diagnosis of lung nodules can diagnose the disease in time and significantly improve the survival rate of the patients. With the rapid development of deep learning networks in the field of medical aid diagnosis, many deep networks have been applied to lung nodule detection. Statistical distribution shows that most of the lung nodule radii are too small to be well detected. Therefore, 3D feature pyramid network (FPN) for single‐stage pulmonary nodule detection is proposed to solve this problem by combining the 3D characteristics of computed tomography (CT) image data. In addition, the squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE)‐attention module is added to improve detection performance. The validity of the network is verified on the public pulmonary nodule dataset LUNA16. The competition performance metric (CPM) value reaches 0.8934. Compared with other pulmonary nodule detection networks, the detection performance of this network improved by 2%.
The forecasting of air transport passenger demands in Turkey by using novel meta‐heuristic algorithms
Authors: Korkmaz Ersin , Akgüngör Ali Payıdar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe imbalance between modes of transport in our country appears as the most important problem. Therefore, in air transportation, which has a significant increasing trend, estimating the passenger demand with directly related parameters and novel algorithms is important for Turkey. In this study, different prediction models were developed applying for the first time with five different meta‐heuristic algorithms which are Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC), Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Krill Herd Algorithm (KH), and the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) to estimate Turkey's air transport demand. While developing the models, Fuel Price, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, Seat Capacity, and Annual Fuel Consumption were selected as the model parameters. Although each model developed using different approaches is applicable, quadratic and power models developed using CSA showed the highest performance. For this reason, future projections were based on these models. Air transport passenger demand was examined using two scenarios in a process until 2035. In the first scenario, according to model forms, Turkey's future air transport passenger demand will reach about 460 and 490 million passengers, respectively. In the second scenario, the number of passengers will reach approximately 375 and 660 million for quadratic and power models, respectively. The results of this study will contribute to the evaluation of the current investment plans and the development of strategic plans that will meet the demands. Additionally, they will help take necessary measures and introduce some necessary regulations to ensure the income and expense balance so that the efficiency of airline companies can be improved.
A trust management model based on mutual trust and a reward‐with‐punishment mechanism for cloud environments
Authors: Guo Liangmin , Yang Hao , Luan Kaixuan , Luo Yonglong , Sun Liping , Zheng Xiaoyao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAiming at overcoming problems such as malicious entities and trust crises in cloud environments, a trust management model based on mutual trust and a reward‐with‐punishment mechanism is proposed in this paper. First, according to reputation values of entities and trust relationships among entities, we calculate the comprehensive trust values of a service request user to several candidate service providers and probe these providers with high comprehensive trust values. Second, we select a trade provider according to mutual trust. Finally, after the trade, we update the reputation values and other data of the request user, trade provider, and recommenders based on the final trade result to reward or punish them to various degrees, thus ultimately reducing malicious or dishonest behavior. The experimental results show that our model can effectively identify malicious entities to increase the trade success rate.
In situ friction study of Ag Underpotential deposition (UPD) on Au(111) in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Park Inhee , Baltruschat H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electrodeposition of silver on Au(111) was investigated using lateral force microscopy (LFM) in Ag+ containing sulfuric acid. Friction force images show that adsorbed sulfate forms
structure (
on Au(111) prior to Ag underpotential deposition (UPD) and
structure (
) on a complete monolayer or bilayer of Ag. Variation of friction with normal load shows a non‐monotonous dependence, which is caused by increasing penetration of the tip into the sulfate adlayer. In addition, the friction force is influenced by the varying coverage and mobility of Ag atoms on the surface. Before Ag coverage reaches the critical value, the deposited silver atoms may be mobile enough to be dragged by the movement of AFM tip. Possible penetration of the tip into the UPD layer at very high loads is discussed as a model for self‐healing wear. However, when the coverage of Ag is close to 1, the deposited Ag atoms are tight enough to resist the influence of the AFM tip and the tip penetrates only into the sulfate adlayer.