bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on the Grafting Reaction of Maleimide Containing 2-Hydroxy-Benzophenone Onto Polyethylene
Authors: Zhang hui , Deng Chi , Du Xia , Shang Yan , Zhao Hong , Wang Xuan , Han Baozhong , Li Zesheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A theoretical study on the multi-channel hydrogen addition of maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone onto polyethylene in Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation cross-linking process was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. The energetic information and the minimum energy path (MEP) are calculated of nine reaction channels. The electrophilic addition reactions at two positions in the target molecule (maleimide containing 2-hydroxy-benzophenone) were investigated, where are on the C atom of C=C groups and on the O atom of C=O groups. Frontier MOs and NBO charge population of the target molecule have been analyzed in detail. As a result, the reaction site of C in C=C group is more active than the site of O in C=O groups. The target molecule can be used as a multi-functional additive candidate. The predicted mechanism may provide a theoretical basis for the real application of XLPE high voltage insulation cables.
Non-circular Signal DOA Estimation based on Coprime Array MIMO Radar
Authors: Zhang Fei , Ji Chuantang , Zhang Zijing , Yin Dayu , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low degree of freedom, small array aperture, phase ambiguity and other problems of traditional coprime array direction of arrival estimation methods, a non-circular signal DOA estimation method based on expanded coprime array MIMO radar is proposed. Firstly, this method combines the coprime array and the MIMO radar to form transmitter and receiver array. Secondly, the array is expanded using the non-circular signal characteristics to reconstruct the received signal matrix. Then the dimensionality reduction is performed. The two-dimensional spectral peak search is converted into an optimization problem, and the optimization of the two-dimensional MUSIC algorithm is reconstructed using constraints, and a cost function is constructed to solve the problem. In addition, using the power series of the noise eigenvalues to correct the noise subspace to further improve the accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, the problem of no phase ambiguity in the method in this article is derived. Simulation experiments show that the method in this article can effectively avoid phase ambiguity, greatly improve the degree of freedom, and expand the array aperture. Compared with the traditional MUSIC algorithm and the mutual prime array MUSIC algorithm, it has better resolution and DOA estimation accuracy.
A Non-conventional Approach to Understanding the Geographical Influence on the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and IFR
Authors: KETIPEARACHCHI UDAYA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood and different models are needed (i.e. one model cannot answer it all) to understand and fight this disease. Here, we present two models based on indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that explain the influence of ambient temperature and air pollution on outdoor and indoor behavior of SARS-CoV-2. These models discuss the temperature dependency of the lethality of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread during indoor and outdoor exposure. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed if the SARSCoV-2 is transmitted via particulate matter or surfaces. It is also important to understand the role of dew point instead of the humidity factor alone as the combined effect of temperature and humidity might play a major role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 .
(-)-Epicatechin Inhibits Cardiac Fibrosis via SIRT1/AKT/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Luo Yingchun , Wang Zeng , dong zengxiang , Li Yue 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: (-)-Epicatechin (EPI) is an important substance involved in protective effects of flavanol-rich foods. Many studies indicate EPI has cardioprotective effect, but the effect of EPI in inhibition of cardiac fibrosis is unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of EPI in preventing cardiac fibrosis and unveil the molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cardiac fibrosis model was established by transaortic constriction (TAC). The acutely isolated cardiac fibroblasts were induced to myofibroblasts with angiotensin II (AngII). Results: EPI markedly attenuated TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in mice. In cultured CFs, EPI blocked AngII-induced myofibroblast transformation and collagen production. Furthermore, EPI conducted anti-fibrotic effects by activating the the SIRT1/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Conclusions: These findings will supply new agent and mechanism of action for treating cardiac fibrosis in the future.
Prognostic value of pre-irradiation FET PET in patients with not completely resectable IDH-wildtype glioma and minimal or absent contrast enhancement
Authors: Rosen Jurij , Stoffels Gabriele , Lohmann Philipp , Bauer Elena K , Werner Jan Michael , Wollring Michael , Rapp Marion , Felsberg Jörg , Kocher Martin , Fink Gereon , Langen Karl-Josef , Galldiks Norbert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: In glioma patients, complete resection of the contrast-enhancing portion is associated with improved survival, which, however, cannot be achieved in a considerable number of patients. Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) PET in not completely resectable glioma patients with minimal or absent contrast enhancement before temozolomide chemoradiation.Methods: Dynamic FET PET scans were performed in 18 newly diagnosed patients with partially resected (n=8) or biopsied (n=10) IDH-wildtype astrocytic glioma before initiation of temozolomide chemoradiation. Static and dynamic FET PET parameters, as well as contrast-enhancing volumes on MRI, were calculated. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, threshold values for these parameters were obtained. Subsequently, the prognostic values of FET PET parameters and contrast-enhancing volumes on MRI were evaluated using univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses for progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS).Results: On MRI, eight patients had no contrast enhancement; the remaining patients had minimal contrast-enhancing volumes (range, 0.2-5.3 mL). Univariate analyses revealed that a smaller pre-irradiation FET PET tumor volume significantly influenced PFS (7.9 vs. 4.2 months; threshold, 14.8 mL; P=0.012) and OS (16.6 vs. 9.0 months; threshold, 23.8 mL; P=0.002). In contrast, mean tumor-to-brain ratios and time-to-peak values were only associated with a longer PFS (P=0.048 and P=0.045, respectively). Furthermore, the pre-irradiation FET PET tumor volume remained significant in multivariate analyses (P=0.043), indicating an independent predictor for OS.Conclusion: Our results suggest that pre-irradiation FET PET parameters have a prognostic impact in this subgroup of patients.
Global Accreditation Practices for Accelerated Medically Trained Clinicians: A View of Five Countries
Authors: Antwi James , Arkoh Anthony Asare , Choge Joseph Kiprop , Dibo Turi Woticha , Mahmud Alias , Vankhuu Enkhtuya , Wanyama Erick Kizito , McKinley Danette 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Shortages and maldistribution of healthcare workers persist despite efforts to increase the number of practitioners. Evidence to support policy planning and decisions is essential. The World Health Organization has proposed National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) to facilitate human resource information systems for effective health workforce planning and monitoring. In this study, we report on the accreditation practices for accelerated medically trained clinicians in six countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malaysia, and Mongolia. Method: Using open-ended survey responses and document review, information about accreditation practices was classified using NHWA indicators. We examined practices using this framework and further examined the extent to which the indicators were appropriate for this cadre of healthcare providers. We developed a data extraction tool and noted any indicators that were difficult to interpret in the local context.Results: Accreditation practices in the five countries generally aligned with the WHO indicators with some exceptions. All countries had standards for pre-service and in-service training. It was difficult to determine the extent to which social accountability and social determinants of health were explicitly part of accreditation practices as this cadre of practitioners evolved out of community health needs. Other areas of discrepancy were interprofessional education and continuing professional development. Discussion: While it is possible to use the module 3 indicators there are disadvantages as well, at least for accelerated medically trained clinicians. There are aspects of accreditation practices that are not readily coded in the standard definitions used for the indicators. While the indicators provide detailed definitions, some invite social desirability bias and others are not as easily understood by practitioners whose roles continue to evolve and adapt to their health systems.Conclusion: Regular review and revision of indicators are essential to facilitate uptake of the NHWA for planning and monitoring healthcare providers.
Isatin Derivatives as a New Class of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors With Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Liu Wenchao , Chen Huan , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Xin , Xu Long , Lei Yanqi , Zhu Changjin , Ma Bing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, isatin was employed as the scaffold to design aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Most of the isatin derivatives were proved to be excellent in the inhibition of aldose reductase (ALR2) with IC 50 values at submicromolar level, and (E)-2-(5-(4-methoxystyryl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-1-yl) acetic acid (9g) was identified as the most effective with an IC 50 value of 0.015 μM. Moreover, compounds 9a-h with styryl side chains at the C5 position of isatin showed potent antioxidant activity. Particularly, the phenolic compound 9h demonstrated similar antioxidant activity with the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies showed that the acetic acid group at N1 and C5 p-hydroxystyryl side chain were the key structures to increase the aldose reductase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity.
Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis Halieti in Birds of Prey From Spain
Authors: Prakas Petras , Bea Antonio , Juozaiė-Ngugu Evelina , Olano Iñaki , Villanúa Diego , Švažas Saulius , Butkauskas Dalius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Members of the genus Sarcocystis are protozoan parasites characterized by a prey-predator two-host life cycle. Sarcocysts are formed in muscles or CNS of the intermediate host (IH), while sporocysts develop in the small intestine of the definitive host (DH). Various birds of prey were confirmed to be DH for Sarcocystis spp. By contrast, only two species, S. wobeseri and S. falcatula were identified in the muscles of birds of prey. The latter species is pathogenic and can cause encephalitis in various birds. The aim of the present study was to identify Sarcocystis species in the muscles of birds of prey from Spain. Methods: In the period between 2019 and 2020, muscle tissues of 59 birds collected from Spain were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocysts in fresh squashed samples were morphologically characterised under a light microscope (LM). Sarcocystis species were identified by means of 28S rRNA and ITS1 sequence analysis. Results: With the help of methylene blue-staining microscopic sarcocysts were detected in 3/59 (5.1%) birds of prey from Spain. Under LM, one type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were thread-like (1050–2160 × 130–158 μm), had a thin (0.7–1.4 μm) and smooth cyst wall. Septa divided the cysts into compartments filled with banana-shaped (5.9 × 1.7 μm) bradyzoites. On the basis of DNA sequence results, S. halieti was identified in the western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and the black kite (Milvus migrans) for the first time. Sarcocysts of S. halieti detected in the black kite and the western marsh harrier were shorter and wider as compared to those observed in the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Hence, S. halieti might infect birds belonging to three different orders, Suliformes, Charadriiformes and Accipitriformes. Conclusions: This is the first report of S. halieti in birds of prey as IH. Due to the inconsistency of research on Sarcocystis spp. from birds of prey, further complex morphological, histopathological, and molecular studies are required.
Ultra-fast Data Sanitization of Sram by Back-biasing to Resist a Cold Boot Attack
Authors: Han Seong-Joo , Han Joon-Kyu , Yun Gyeong-Jun , Lee Mun-Woo , Yu Ji-Man , Choi Yang-Kyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although SRAM is a well established type of volatile memory, data remanence has been observed at low temperature even for a power-off state, and thus it is vulnerable to a physical cold boot attack. To address this, an ultra-fast data sanitization method within 5 ns is demonstrated with physics-based simulations for avoidance of the cold boot attack to SRAM. Back-bias, which can control device parameters of CMOS, such as threshold voltage and leakage current, was utilized for the ultra-fast data sanitization. It is applicable to temporary erasing with data recoverability against a low-level attack as well as permanent erasing with data irrecoverability against a high-level attack.
Rotor Unbalance Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Corbalan Patricio , Chiang Luciano E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An effective method based on current signal (of stator current) monitoring in time is applied to diagnosis rotor unbalanced or eccentricity fault. This method can also determine the degree of severity of the fault, which is determined in eccentric mass or eccentric radius. The experiment consisted in amplitude of current signal monitoring for various masses and radius that were applied. The eccentricity fault was simulated through a mass that was fixed in a shaft fixed to pulley solidarity to the turbine shaft, in this way, the health condition was evaluated for different position of the mass and different masses. The results were analyzed in curve between current amplitude and eccentric mass or current amplitude and eccentric radius. In both cases, the obtained tendency was a linear model, which verified the physical model of this situation. Bayesian method can estimate the current signal amplitude associated with a specific combination of mass and radius, determining the severity of the fault. Bayesian method can isolate the signal and the noise. The Bayesian method permits to prognosis the state of the turbine through amplitude of the current signal monitoring. This method was studied in stationary conditions.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of (1-x) (Al0.2La0.8TiO3) + (x) (BiZnFeO3) (x = 0.2 - 0.8) Nanocomposites
Authors: Mallikarjuna A. , Kumar N. Suresh , Babu T. Anil , Ramesh S. , K Chandra Babu Naidu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
(1-x) (Al0.2La0.8TiO3) + (x) (BiZnFeO3) (x = 0.2 - 0.8) [ALTBZFO] nanocomposites were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the phase transformation from tetragonal to cubic for x = 0.2 to 0.4 - 0.8 samples, respectively. The surface morphology showed the existence of nanospheres like structures. At 1 MHz frequency also, the dielectric constant was increased from 230 to 710 for x = 0.2 – 0.6 samples, respectively. But, interestingly, x = 0.6 nanocomposite exhibited the negative dielectric behavior having the dielectric constant (ε') ~ -58.5 and dielectric loss (ε") ~ -417 at 8 MHz. Likewise, x = 0.6 sample showed ac-electrical conductivity (σac) -0.159 S/cm at 6 MHz. Hence, these kinds of materials can provide high charge stored capacitor, and perfect absorber applications.
Prediction and Suppression of Chaotic Instability in Brake Squeal
Authors: Meehan Paul Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chaotic instability in a vibration phenomenon, known as brake squeal, is investigated including the combined effects of falling friction and mode coupling. Brake squeal is a high-pitched noise that occurs sometimes when a vehicle is decelerated using disk brakes. The equations of motion for the two dominant coupled modes of the brake system reduce to two autonomous coupled nonlinear second order systems. The mode coupling instability via friction causes limit cycle behaviour via a Hopf bifurcation. This limit cycle is shown to break up into chaotic motion characterised by a phase space with an approximate one-dimensional attractor, similar to that found in a forced dry friction oscillator. For the first time, conservative analytical conditions for brake squeal chaos are developed and verified numerically over a range of sprag angles and brake pressures for fundamental and real brake systems. The predictive model is then used to identify and quantify means to suppress brake squeal chaos to unlikely, excessive friction levels. The results provide predictive insight into conditions under which brake squeal chaos occurs and its suppression.
Fine Mapping and Validation of a Major QTL for Grain Weight on Chromosome 5B in Bread Wheat
Authors: Zhao Dehui , Yang Li , Liu Dan , Zeng Jianqi , Cao Shuanghe , Xia Xianchun , Yan Jun , Song Xiyue , He Zhonghu , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thousand grain weight (TGW), determined by grain length and width, is an important yield component in wheat; understanding of the underlying genes and molecular mechanisms remains limited. A stable QTL QTgw.caas-5B for TGW was identified previously in a RIL population developed from a cross between Zhongmai 871 (ZM871) and a sister line Zhongmai 895 (ZM895), and the aim of this study was to perform fine mapping and validate the genetic effect of the QTL. It was delimited to an interval of approximately 2.0 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B29 and Kasp_5B31 (49.6 Mb to 51.6 Mb) using 12 heterozygous recombinant plants obtained by selfing a residual BC1F4 line selected from the ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population. A candidate gene was predicted following sequencing and differential expression analyses. Marker Kasp_5B_Tgw based on a SNP in TraesCS5B02G044800, the QTgw.caas-5B candidate, was developed and validated in a diversity panel of 166 cultivars. The precise mapping of QTgw.caas-5B laid a foundation for cloning of a predicted causal gene and provides a molecular marker for improving grain yield in wheat.
Assessment of Intestinal Permeability in Young Piglet to Pave the Way to Oral Vaccination
Authors: Deluco Brodie , Wilson Heather L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The small intestine of the piglet has evolved to be permeable immediately after birth to facilitate the uptake of colostrum-derived immunoglobulins, other macromolecules, and cells. However, the precise timing of gut closure in today’s precocious pig is not known. We gavaged piglets immediately after birth and at 1 hour after birth with Cy5-labeled Ovalbumin (Cy5-Ova) then harvested their small intestine’s 6-7 hours later. To assess localization of Cy5-Ova in the small intestinal epithelial cells, we perform immunohistochemistry using a basolateral surface marker and a recycling endosome marker called pIgR, the late endosomal marker Rab7, and the lysosomal marker LAMP-1. Cy5-Ova co-localized with Rab7 and LAMP-1 in the duodenum and jejunum of 0 hour old and 1 hour old gavaged piglets, but only in the ileum of 0 hour gavaged piglets. These data suggest that movement of Cy5-Ova through the late endosomes to the lysosomes was much reduced in the ileum of 1 hour gavaged piglets, possibly impacted by prior processing of colostral macromolecules. Cy5-Ova was largely present in epithelial cell digestive and transport vacuoles, but it did not colocalize with pIgR-positive endosomes in 0 hour and 1 hour gavaged piglets. Understanding the relationship between the localization of Cy5-Ova and small intestinal permeability may contribute to establishing whether oral vaccination in the newborn can capitalize on the transient permeability before gut closure to promote immune protection.
Bistable and Coexisting Attractors in Current Modulated Edge Emitting Semiconductor Laser: Control and Microcontroller-Based Design
Authors: Saeed Nasr , Çiçek Serdar , Chamgoué André Cheage , Kingni Sifeu Takougang , Wei Zhouchao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the numerical analysis, control of coexisting attractors and microcontroller-based design of current modulated edge emitting semiconductor laser (CMEESL). The stability of equilibrium points of solitary edge emitting semiconductor laser found is investigated. By varying the amplitude of modulation current density, CMEESL displays periodic behaviors, period-doubling to chaotic behavior, bistability and coexistence between limit cycle and chaotic attractors. The coexistence between chaotic and limit cycle attractors is destroyed and controlled to a desired monostable trajectory by means of the linear augmentation method. In addition, a microcontroller-based circuit is also designed to indicate that CMEESL can be used in real applications. Microcontroller-based circuit outputs and numerical analysis results confirm each other.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Barium (Ba2+) and Strontium (Sr2+) Doped Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 System
Authors: Saleem Saleem , Karma Nikita , Kaurav Netram , Dagar H. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We discuss synthesis and various characterizations of Bi0.9La0.1-x(Ba/Sr)xFeO3 [x =0,0.05] ceramics. We synthesized these ceramics by solid state reaction method and the samples so synthesized were characterized for structural elucidation exploiting X-ray diffraction technique. The XRD data on Rietveld refinement inferred that all the prepared samples have acquired monoclinic phase with space group CI. Morphology of the samples revealed highly grown grains with moderate grain boundary development carried out exploiting field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. The Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray diffraction (EDAX) spectra analysis confirmed that composition is retained with absence of any foreign impurity. UV-Vis spectral studies of these ceramics confirmed that optical bandgap value about 2.2 eV highly recommended in photocatalytic and opto-electronic device applications. Room temperature dielectric studies revealed that samples are extremely good dielectric materials retained even after 1MHz applied field. The main feature is the dielectric loss which is negotiable for their capability in the modern device applications. Impedance analysis reveals the samples exhibit distributed relaxation times and inherit non-Debye behavior revealed from the depressed semicircles whose centers does not lie on x-axis.