bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of compact MIMO antenna with improved isolation for UWB application
Authors: sharma Ankit , Rawat Arun Singh , Verma Priya , Yadav Monika , Raj Utkarsh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a compact dual port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a compact size of 26 ×40 mm2 is presented. In this proposed designed antenna two square-shaped with slotted cut radiating elements (Planar monopole) are used and positioned opposite to each other for improved isolation. The operating frequency of the presented antenna is 4.1GHz to 10.6 GHz. Two L-shaped stubs are introduced in the ground plane of the antenna to improve the isolation of the proposed design. The Mutual coupling between the two-port of antenna is less than-15 dB for complex impedance bandwidth and ECC is less than 0.05dB from 3.24GHz-4GHz and from 4GHz to 12GHz it is almost zero which is within operating frequency in UWB. diversity gain is high i.e., 9.95dB. from 3.7GHz to 4GHz and it is almost 10 dB from 4.1GHz to 12GHz. The efficiency and results of the antenna make it a promising antenna Applicant for use in UWB lightweight applications.
Design and Analysis of High Frequency Solar Blind Photodetectors for Communication with Red Signal
Authors: Mil’shtein S , Asthana D N , Ushakov M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Advantages associated with high-speed communication and data security bolsters the eligibility of Free Space Optical (FSO) and Visible Light Communication (VLC). In this context, characteristics like low noise equivalent power, high frequency response associated with the photodetectors play pivotal roles in determining the performance of the entire communication FSO/RF link. In this study, the authors present the design of detector sensitive to red signal coming from commercial laser with wavelength 650nm (photon energy 1.9eV), while being blind to the rest of sun spectrum. High-sensitivity to signal of commercial laser is provided by double barrier tunnelling p-i-n photodiode made up of AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure with mildly doped p-type and n-type regions. The photodetector operates as window discriminator. The quantum operation of double barrier tunnelling significantly narrows the band of detectable red light. In addition, all photons with high energy are effectively cut off by p-i-n filter, positioned at the top of the structure. This filtering layer works at the same time as a solar cell and provides reverse bias to the photodetector. Low noise equivalent power on the order of 0.2pW/√?? and cut-off frequency of 20GHz make this device eligible for FSO communication.
Enhanced Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Based Internet of Things
Authors: Leena K , Hiremath S. G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of open Spectrum broadcasting, which is a restricted and valuable resource, has been put under a range of constraints due to the growing interest in wireless applications. There is a huge spectrum requirement nowadays but radio spectrum is an extremely terrifying resource in a normal system. The frequency detection challenge has gained new angles with cognitive radio and artful spectrum allocation principles. However a fixed spectrum allocation needs to result in the use of spectrum as an extraordinary bit of enabled spectrum is not effectively used. To remain away from interference and optimise spectrum immersion, the Cognitive Radio (CR) based Internet of Things (IoT) concept was developed. The best strategy for effective spectrum usage is CR IoT. The fundamental goal of CR IoT would be to use the small set of resources without interfering with the main users (PUs). The different spectrum detection techniques used in CRs are explained in this paper and the advantages and disadvantages of each sensing technique are also discussed. We explained the detection of the cooperative spectrum and all its structures, and also the multi-dimensional dynamic spectrum method. From a cognitive radio point of view, different aspects of a problems of spectrum identification are concentrated and a multi-dimensional idea of spectrum sensing is introduced. Spectrum management problems are provided and techniques to empower spectral detection are presented.
Forecasting performance comparison of daily maximum temperature using ARMA based methods
Authors: Asha J , Santhosh kumar S , Rishidas S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Daily maximum temperature of four different regions in Kerala, India, from 01/01/2019 to 31/12/2020, is recorded and is used for modelling and forecasting. The forecasting methods used are Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Seasonal Autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and Autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (ARFIMA). The comparison of forecasting performance was based on percentage accuracy, mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The models used can capture the variations of time series data. All the models exhibit reasonably good performance in predicting the daily maximum temperature. ARFIMA model gives the least forecast errors compared to other models.
EMG Signal Classification for Detecting Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Islam Md. Kafiul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles to see muscle condition. Nervous system always controls the muscle activities such as relaxation or contraction. An efficient analysis of electromyography (EMG) signals plays an inevitable role in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders, prosthesis, and several related applications. Our aim in this study is to differentiate neuromuscular disorder patients from healthy people based on EMG signals. The EMG signals used in this research were recorded from biceps. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used for the classification. Eleven features were extracted from the EMG signals for the classification purpose. A comparative analysis was done based on the results. The outcome of this study encourages possible extension of this approach to improve stronger, more resilient and effective implementations.
Graphene-gated GaAs OPFET photodetector and oscillator for 5G applications
Authors: Gaitonde J V , Lohani R B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the advancement of technology, the RF communication bandwidth is switching towards 5G and 6G communications. To relieve the congestion of traffic imposed on RF communication, operating in the optical domain or integrating RF and optical communication is imperative. The core components in this scenario are the oscillators as transmitters and photodetectors as receivers. These devices should be capable of high-speed and high-gain operation simultaneously. In this paper, the potential of graphene-gated GaAs front-illuminated OPFET (Optical Field Effect Transistor) as oscillator and detector towards 5G applications is explored. The OPFET device exhibits an oscillation frequency of 1.63 GHz to 1.8 GHz, tuned with optical illumination. The gain can be varied between 3.94 dB to 4.5 dB at the oscillation frequency. Under photodetection mode of operation, the device exhibits a maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 2.234 GHz, an fT
of 5.33 GHz at the bandwidth frequency, and a responsivity of 3.3 × 106 A/W at a photon flux density of 1019/m2-s. A drain bias voltage of 3.94 V and a gate bias voltage of 0 V are applied in both cases. The device responses are contrasted with that of the Au (gold) gated OPFET. The explored devices have great potential for sub-6 GHz 5G applications.
New Carry Maskable Adder using Modified Full Swing GDI
Authors: Rajkumar Gollu , Pandey Neeta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Addition is an essential arithmetic operation that is used extensively in processing of digital information. Now a days approximate computing is emerging methodology in area of low power VLSI design that trades off accuracy for faster and power efficient designs. Accuracy Configurable Approximate Adders is an attractive option that provides a flexibility to user to configure adder as accurate or approximate. This paper presents a new Carry Maskable Adder realization based on Full Swing-Modified Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) technique. Proposed design is functionally verified through simulations in LTspice XVII. The performance comparison of proposed design with CMOS based counterpart show that the percentage reduction in delay is 32% while power consumption is reduced by 45%.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide based Leaky Wave Antenna
Authors: Ayushi  , Tripathi Ashutosh , Nafis Areeba , Omer Saksham , Agarwal Ruchi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Leaky Wave Antennas (LWAs) allow electromagnetic wave to leak along its structure. LWAs being low profile have been effortless to fabricate. The SIW can be designed by inserting two rows of metallic via on a dielectric material which work as a wall to prevent the radiation. CRLH property can be generated by cutting the slot on the upper stub which provide the capacitance.
In this paper, a periodic CRLH based C-shaped SIW-LWA is proposed which operates in a single band between the frequencies of 13.2 to 15.5 GHz. With the help of SIW and CRLH property designed antenna scans in continuous backward to forward direction with suppressed stop band. This paper shows a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based on leaky wave antenna (LWA) including better gain, efficiency and backward to forward beam steering. The periodic C-shaped slot substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna (SIW-LWA) are made-up and the calculated and replicated results acknowledges marvellously. It seems that there is a good contract between them. The beam steering of SIW-LWA is from-60 degree to 29 degree when frequency sweeps from 13.2 GHz to 15.5 GHz. The SIW-LWA offers the peak value of gain as 5.733 dB and peak value of efficiency are 77.545%. The broad side radiation will be at 14 GHz. Below 14 GHz the antenna works as a LH material and scans negative angles and above 14 GHz antenna works as RH material and scans positive angle.
This antenna, substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna (SIW-LWA), is proposed only to obtained better beam steering so as to use for such application where beam scanning is used.
Hybrid energy harvesting based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic systems
Authors: Inba Rexy A , Nancy Mary J S , Priyaadarshini K G , Rachael Therese 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to boost the power output of the hybrid energy harvester effectively and to provide electrical optimization for a hybrid energy harvesting system that produces two electrical outputs from a single source of mechanical input namely vibration. Two different electrical outputs are produced by using the concept of piezoelectricity and electromagnetic induction. In this paper, an electrical equivalent is obtained for the standalone piezoelectric system and the electromagnetic system. The rectification of the piezoelectric system along with its results is discussed. Different circuits for amplification is studied and simulated to improve the voltage. All the practical experimental outputs and the different software used to gain these outputs are recorded. The various applications of the hybrid system are reviewed and discussed.
The influence of the extraneous field on the conductivity tensor in cylindrical quantum wire with electron-optical phonon scattering
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work calculates conductivity tensors in cylindrical quantum wires with parabolic potential, with the presence of an electromagnetic wave field, a laser field, and is only considered for the case of electron-optical phonon scattering. By using the quantum kinetic equation for the electron in the quantum wire with the parabolic potential, combined with the presence of two external fields, the expression of conductivity tensor is computed for the case of optical electron-phonon scattering. This conductivity tensor expression depends on the electromagnetic wave frequency, the laser field frequency, the laser field amplitude, and the quantities that characterize the cylindrical quantum wire with parabolic potential. The figure of the dependence of the conductivity tensor to the external field will be plotted, examined, and analyzed for the quantum wire GaAs / GaAsAl.
Self-Adaptive Firefly Algorithm for solving Unit Commitment Problem in Power System
Authors: Ranganathan Selvarasu , Velmurugan V , Panjamoorthy Palanivel , Venugopal Ellappan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Unit Commitment is one of the crucial challenges in power system for selecting generation units to operate the system economically. It is the necessary to propose efficient solution techniques to solve unit commitment problem. In this research work a new Self-Adaptive Firefly Algorithm is planned to solve unit commitment problem. The SAFA identifies the best generating units to be functioning and offers the amount of load distribution among the units to minimize the operating cost. In order to validate SAFA an IEEE ten unit system is considered. The simulation is carried out using Matlab software and the solutions are presented. The solutions indicates that the efficiency of proposed SAFA than other solution techniques.
An Efficient Technique to Extricate Keypoints from a digital image
Authors: Dhanaraj Rachel Selva , Sridevi M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the immense technology emerging in this period, the transmitted image information across the network can be confined easily, maneuver, and then disseminated. For any labor done on processing images, it is mandatory to detect suitable meaningful keypoints. There are existing methods that perceive key points from an image but they fail to detect key points from a smooth textured area or they do not detect enough keypoints. A method is proposed using an improved version of the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) technique that is capable of diagnosing key points even in smooth areas as well as administer key points towards the whole image evenly.
An Approach for Morse Code Translation from Eye Blinks Using Tree Based Machine Learning Algorithms and OpenCV
Authors: Sumanth Naga Deepak G , Rohit B , Akhil Ch , Sai Surya Chandra Bharath D , Prakash Kolla Bhanu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For ages, human beings have been communicating with one another through different modes of communication. Communication is a process through which a person can communicate his/her feelings and thoughts to the other person. To communicate we can do it through either speech or sign language. The spoken language is used by abled persons, While the differently abled persons (deaf and dumb) may find it difficult to understand the same. So, for effective communication between the differently abled and abled person sign language has been developed. For private communication between two people, morse code has been developed which is highly efficient to exchange secrets. It also helps in emergencies where a person cannot communicate through hand gestures. Different methods/modes are used in morse code, but our focus is on eye blinking. Our approach towards this area has been to implement morse code using eye blinks in real-time assistance using a webcam to provide predicting power based on machine learning’s tree algorithms.
Rain Streaks Removal Using Discrete Cosine Transform and Diffusion based Technique
Authors: Riya  , Gupta Bhupendra , Lamba Subir Singh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Images acquired by the camera are sometimes affected by many environmental conditions such as fog, rain, snow, and clouds, etc., which influence the visible quality of the images and several computer vision applications. In this manuscript, we developed a new rain removal technique. Firstly, an exiting haze removal technique is used so that rain streaks could be visible and after that apply Discrete cosine transform (DCT) and diffusion-based technique to remove rain streaks from the rainy images. The experimental section shows the supremacy of the proposed method over the existing methods.
Back-Propagation Neural Network (BP-NN) model for the detection of borer pest attack
Authors: Prabhu Yogini V. , Parab Jivan S. , Naik G.M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The multi-disciplinary agri-technologies domain have paved a way to the big data technologies, through Machine learning. Pest management is one of the most important problems facing farmers. A normal human monitoring cannot accurately predict the amount and intense of pests attacked. The issue of plant pests and diseases detection of agriculture has been tackled using the various available Neural Network (NN) techniques to process spectral data. In this manuscript, authors have presented a Back propagation Neural Network ( BP-NN) model, which was developed on data of the reflectance spectra (in range of 400 to 900 nm) cashew trees leaves infested with a borer pest attack as well asgood leaves spectra. With the help of BP-NN model the classification accuracy was foundto be 85% which is quite good. However, the accuracy of the model needs to be improved with better trainingalgorithmandlargerdataset.
Hierarchical based tumor segmentation by detection using deep learning approach
Authors: Sahaai Madona B , Jothilakshmi G R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Brain tumor is a cluster of abnormal cells that grows out of control in brain. Identifying brain tumor is challenging for doctors, since its impact will lead to danger for human life. Spotting of brain tumor using traditional methods is not accurate. Deep learning provides solution for detecting Brain Tumor in an efficient way. We have used MRI scan images. Since the image contains noise, image pre-processing work has been done to enhance the images. Deep learning methods for images works with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN has an advantage of extracting features by own. CNN has many hidden layers, where features are extracted and those features are learned for future prediction process. Single Shot Detector is used for detection of tumor region. SSD uses 8732 default bounding boxes mapped to the ground truth boxes for localisation process. Jaccard Overlap is used for match the default box with ground truth box. The detected whole tumor region is then used for segmenting the proper tumor region.
Novel design of electrostatic micro cantilever for enhanced travel range
Authors: Trivedi R R , Sharma D S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electrostatic micro actuators are commonly deployed micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) devices due to their unpretentious construction and well-matched micro fabrication processes. The phenomenan of pull-in instability puts substantial restrictions on the execution of electrostatically driven MEMS beam type actuators by restraining the range of travel. A larger working range is desirable for a wide variety of tuning applications. In this paper, mechanism of pull-in instability and means to extend the useful working range of the microactuator by changing the design is presented. It shows drastic improvement in the results. Important conclusions are drawn from the results.
Design, assembly and use of a simple, economical water sampler for suspended sediment collection
Authors: Ansari E , Akhtar M N , Abdullah M N , Bakar E A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The behaviour of river can be perceived by analysing the sediments to a substantial extent. Computation of sediment weight per unit volume of water, sediment distribution along the quantifiable parameters of water body and mensuration of amount of useful as well as detrimental contents of sediments entails for sediment water sampling. The design and outline of an effortless and uncomplicated water sampler is presented in this paper. Although a number of manual, semi-automatic and fully automatic samplers are in attendance, there is a gap in asking price of previously available samplers and the present tool. The cost of sampler can be limited by designing for its specific purpose. The present sampler can only be used for top layers of water body ( < 5 feet). But the same sampler can be modified for collection up to 10 to 15 feet. Design stresses of materials and force acting on the sampler is used to examine the safety of components used at the critical points. Manual design calculations and experimental use of the instrument in Kerian River, Malaysia evinces the approval of the design. The trouble-free design and facile use of the device will assist in suspended water monitoring for research in an economical way.
Zinc tungstate doped polyaniline as room temperature humidity sensing composite
Authors: Machappa T. , Badrunnisa S. , Ambika Prasad M V N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Zinc Tungstate (ZnWO4) a bi-metal oxide is doped in low concentration to polyaniline (PANI) by ‘In-situ’ chemical polymerization method to form a composite. The FTIR characterization technique is used to confirm the formation of polyaniline salt phase and its composites. X-RD & SEM characterization techniques are used to verify the existence of ZnWO4 in PANI matrix. The temperature dependent conductivity shows an exponential behaviour which is thermally activated; the conductivity of the composites has been enhanced by 10 Ohms when compared with pristine PANI. It is reported that electrical resistance decrease, when the composite matrix are exposed to the wide range of humidity from 20 to 90% RH. The decrease of resistance has been recognized as; the chemically adsorbed water vapour donates the electron to the sensing surface in this composite and also due to capillary condensation.
Microstructure of ITO for Transparent Electrode on Glass Slide Prepare by RF Sputtering Technique
Authors: Sangwaranatee N , Srithanachai I , Niemcharoen S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an absorber photovoltaic material and widely used for semiconductor work for long time. ITO has characteristics by high transparent and low resistivity that can use for electrode of photodetector. Area of photodetector has use for metal contact but if change metal contact to transparent contact will get more photocurrent. However, this paper will investigate microstructure of ITO by analyze physical properties of material by various deposite time. The results show that transparent properties show around 97% at growth 1h and annealing at 500°C. XRD results show ITO peak (222), (400), (622) and (441) at sputtering time 60 mins.
DC conductivity of Li2O and SrO doped borophosphate glasses
Authors: Thipperudra Anand , Manjunatha S , Pushpalatha H L , Prashanth Kumar M , Ravikiran Y T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Borophosphate glasses with dopants SrO and Li2O in the composition of 20(B2O3) + 30(P2O5) + (50-x) (SrO) + x (Li2O) where x = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 were synthesized by standard melt quenching technique. All the glass samples were annealed to extract the thermal strains presence in it if any, its amorphous nature was evidenced by XRD characterization, density of the as synthesized glass series has been calculated at the ambient temperature using Archimedes’ principle and also its molar volume was estimated. With increase in mole fraction of Li2O, density of the glass samples found deceasing and the molar volume observed to be increasing as per the trends. Using Nernst-Einstein equation, high temperature dc activation energy has been calculated.