bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged disturbance of proteostasis induces cellular senescence via temporal mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent mitochondrial accumulation in human fibroblasts
Authors: Takenaka Yasuhiro , Inoue Ikuo , Nakano Takanari , Ikeda Masaaki , Kakinuma Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2021

Proteolytic activity declines with age, resulting in the accumulation of aggregated proteins in aged organisms. To investigate how disturbance in proteostasis causes cellular senescence, we developed a stress‐induced premature senescence (SIPS) model, in which normal human fibroblast MRC‐5 cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 or the vacuolar‐type ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BAFA1) for 5 days. Time‐course studies revealed a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide during and after drug treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential initially decreased, suggesting temporal mitochondrial dysfunction during drug treatment, but was restored along with mitochondrial accumulation after drug treatment. AMP‐activated protein kinase alpha was notably activated during treatment; thereafter, intracellular ATP levels significantly increased. SIPS induction by MG132 or BAFA1 was partially attenuated by co‐treatment with vitamin E or rapamycin, in which the levels of ROS, mitochondrial accumulation, and protein aggregates were suppressed, implying the critical involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in SIPS progression. Rapamycin co‐treatment also augmented the expression of HSP70 and activation of AKT, which could recover proteostasis and promote cell survival, respectively. Our study proposes a possible pathway from the disturbed proteostasis to cellular senescence via excess ROS production as well as functional and quantitative changes in mitochondria.
Understanding coralline algal responses to ocean acidification: Meta‐analysis and synthesis
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Harvey Ben P. , Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Daniel L. , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Peña Viviana , Wada Shigeki , Porzio Lucia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is a major threat to the persistence of biogenic reefs throughout the world's ocean. Coralline algae are comprised of high magnesium calcite and have long been considered one of the most susceptible taxa to the negative impacts of OA. We summarize these impacts and explore the causes of variability in coralline algal responses using a review/qualitative assessment of all relevant literature, meta‐analysis, quantitative assessment of critical responses, and a discussion of physiological mechanisms and directions for future research. We find that most coralline algae experienced reduced abundance, calcification rates, recruitment rates, and declines in pH within the site of calcification in laboratory experiments simulating OA or at naturally elevated CO2sites. There were no other consistent physiological responses of coralline algae to simulated OA (e.g., photo‐physiology, mineralogy, and survival). Calcification/growth was the most frequently measured parameters in coralline algal OA research, and our meta‐analyses revealed greater declines in seawater pH were associated with significant decreases in calcification in adults and similar but nonsignificant trends for juveniles. Adults from the family Mesophyllumaceae also tended to be more robust to OA, though there was insufficient data to test similar trends for juveniles. OA was the dominant driver in the majority of laboratory experiments where other local or global drivers were assessed. The interaction between OA and any other single driver was often additive, though factors that changed pH at the surface of coralline algae (light, water motion, epiphytes) acted antagonistically or synergistically with OA more than any other drivers. With advances in experimental design and methodological techniques, we now understand that the physiology of coralline algal calcification largely dictates their responses to OA. However, significant challenges still remain, including improving the geographic and life‐history spread of research effort and a need for holistic assessments of physiology.
Reducing model uncertainty of climate change impacts on high latitude carbon assimilation
Authors: Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. , Way Danielle A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Arctic–Boreal Region (ABR) has a large impact on global vegetation–atmosphere interactions and is experiencing markedly greater warming than the rest of the planet, a trend that is projected to continue with anticipated future emissions of CO2. The ABR is a significant source of uncertainty in estimates of carbon uptake in terrestrial biosphere models such that reducing this uncertainty is critical for more accurately estimating global carbon cycling and understanding the response of the region to global change. Process representation and parameterization associated with gross primary productivity (GPP) drives a large amount of this model uncertainty, particularly within the next 50 years, where the response of existing vegetation to climate change will dominate estimates of GPP for the region. Here we review our current understanding and model representation of GPP in northern latitudes, focusing on vegetation composition, phenology, and physiology, and consider how climate change alters these three components. We highlight challenges in the ABR for predicting GPP, but also focus on the unique opportunities for advancing knowledge and model representation, particularly through the combination of remote sensing and traditional boots‐on‐the‐ground science.
Effect of pyrocarbon interphase texture and thickness on tensile damage and fracture in T‐700™ carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide minicomposites
Authors: Duan Haozhi , Zhang Zhongwei , Li Longbiao , Li Weijie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, T‐700™ carbon fiber–reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) minicomposites with pyrocarbon (PyC) interphase with different textural microstructure and thickness were fabricated using the chemical vapor infiltration method. The interface properties (i.e., textural microstructure, thickness, hardness, and modulus) were obtained through multiple testing methods (i.e., Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation tests). Relationships between the deposition temperature and residence time with the texture type (i.e., low, medium, and high texture) were established. Uniaxial tensile experiments were conducted for C/SiC minicomposites with different PyC interphases to characterize the composite's internal damage evolution and fracture. Relationships between the composite's tensile nonlinear damage evolution, fracture strength and strain, PyC interphase texture, and thickness were established. The composite's tensile strength and fracture strain were the highest for the C/SiC minicomposite with medium‐high texture PyC interphase. For the C/SiC minicomposite with the same texture interphase, the composite's tensile strength and fracture strain were affected by the coating thickness. The higher the thickness of the coating, the lower the composite's tensile strength and fracture strain.
Effect of ethanol on astaxanthin and fatty acid production in the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Authors: Kikukawa Hiroshi , Shimizu Chisato , Hirono-Hara Yoko , Hara Kiyotaka Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
The effects of detergent, ethanol and ethanol with plant meadowfoam oil on the growth of the red heterobasidomycete Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and on the production of astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) and fatty acids in this red yeast were investigated.

Methods and Results
Ethanol supplementation at a final concentration of 0.8% (v/v) caused an increase in the growth, astaxanthin production and fatty acid production of treated X. dendrorhous compared with untreated X. dendrorhous. Supplementation of meadowfoam oil with 0.8% ethanol further improved the growth and astaxanthin production of X. dendrorhous. Fatty acid compositions following supplementation with various concentrations of ethanol and oil were also analysed. With 0.8% ethanol supplementation, the ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3, ALA) decreased. Conversely, with 1.8% ethanol supplementation, the ALA ratio increased.

Conclusions
Ethanol can serve as a promoting factor for coproduction of astaxanthin and fatty acids in X. dendrorhous, whereas simultaneous supplementation of ethanol and meadowfoam oil can cause further astaxanthin production.

Significance and Impact of Study
Astaxanthin is widely used in various functional products because of its antioxidant activity. This study shows that X. dendrorhous can coproduce astaxanthin and functional fatty acids at high levels following supplementation with ethanol.
Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites remodel biofilms formed by thermophilic spoilage bacteria
Authors: Wang Ni , Jin Yujie , He Guoqing , Yuan Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThermophilic spoilage bacteria and their biofilms formed during milk powder processing posed threats to safety and quality of dairy products. This research aims to understand more about the bacterial behaviours and their social models in biofilms.Methods and ResultsInteractional effects from both extracellular metabolites and co-culture on biofilms formation of the contaminating thermophilic bacteria were determined. The results showed that strong biofilm formers always had high AI-2 activities, including Geobacillus stearothermophilus gs1, Bacillus licheniformis bl1 and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris tv1. Metabolites from themself or other species altered their biofilm biomass detected by crystal violet staining. Dual-species cultures observed by confocal laser scanning microscope indicated either synergistic or inhibitory effects between B. circulans bc1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1, as well as B. licheniformis bl1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed the significant diversities in polysaccharides of the biofilm matrix.ConclusionsCell communication played an important role on biofilm formation in the complex microbial community. Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites influenced collective bacterial behaviours under mixed circumstances.Significance and impact of studyThis research provided evidences on cell communication and biofilm formation of thermophilic bacteria in dairy industry.
Training direct‐care staff to implement sensory integration strategies on a psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Proterra Katherine , Ehrlich Shana , Romani Patrick W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProblemDespite the importance of sensory integration therapy on psychiatric inpatient units, there continues to be a paucity of trained providers that can delivery this service to patients.MethodThis study evaluated components of a training program to teach nurses and direct‐care staff appropriate use of sensory integration strategies. Using the research team as confederates, we collected data on how three direct‐care staff used sensory integration strategies across two conditions and with a patient admitted to the unit. Next, we implemented the didactic‐only training, which provided education for when to use different aspects of the sensory room. Finally, we transitioned to a condition in which feedback supplemented the didactic training.FindingsBefore training and following the Didactic Only Training condition, accuracy was low for all participants. All three participants' accuracy with using sensory integration strategies improved and maintained when they implemented the strategies with a patient after completing the combined intervention. We were able to use the combined intervention to improve two additional direct‐care staff's accuracy.ConclusionsStaff training incorporating didactic training plus feedback was most effective for training appropriate use of sensory integration strategies. We also discuss the importance of having performance‐based measures to track occurrence of important skills.
Sleep habits and sleep problems associated with depressive symptoms in school‐age children
Authors: Moo‐Estrella Jesús , Arankowsky‐Sandoval Gloria , Valencia‐Flores Matilde 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProblemSleep disturbance is a characteristic symptom of depression, but it is also a problem in itself related to the severity of this illness. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine sleep habits and sleep problems associated with increased depressive symptoms in children.MethodsThe sample included 524 children equally distributed by gender (51.1% female), with an average age of 10.29 (SD = 1.34) years. The administered instruments were the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Cronbach α = 0.82) and a Sleep Habits and Sleep Problems Questionnaire (α = 0.91).FindingsThe mean score for the CDI was 12.51 (SD = 6.74) and 20% presented symptoms of depression. The linear regression model showed that sleep habits associated with the increase in symptoms of depression were: little sleep, hours of sleep during the week, and wake‐up time on weekdays. In the same model, the associated sleep problems were: nocturnal awakenings, nightmares, and difficulty waking up. The presence of these sleep habits and sleep problems increased the score from 2.07 to 13.50 points on the CDI scale.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms increase with the presence of sleep habits related to sleep deprivation and sleep problems related to parasomnias in school‐age children.
Molecular evolution and convergence of the rhodopsin gene in Gymnogobius, a goby group having diverged into coastal to freshwater habitats
Authors: Ito Ryosuke K. , Harada Shigeo , Tabata Ryoichi , Watanabe Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdaptive evolution of vision‐related genes has been frequently observed in the process of invasion of new environments in a wide range of animal taxa. The typical example is that of the molecular evolution of rhodopsin associated with habitat changes in aquatic animals. However, few studies have investigated rhodopsin evolution during adaptive radiation across various habitats. In the present study, we examined the link between molecular evolutionary patterns in the rhodopsin gene and macroscopic habitat changes in Gymnogobius species (Gobiidae), which have adaptively radiated to diverse aquatic habitats including the sea, brackish waters, rivers and lakes. Analysis of amino acid substitutions in rhodopsin in the phylogenetic framework revealed convergent substitutions in 4–5 amino acids in three groups (four species), including two spectral tuning amino acid sites known to change rhodopsin's absorption wavelength. Positive selection was detected in the basal branches of each of these three groups, suggesting adaptive molecular convergence of rhodopsin. However, no significant correlation was observed between amino acid substitutions and the species’ habitat changes, suggesting molecular adaptation to some unidentified micro‐ecological environments. Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of considering not only macroscopic habitats but also micro‐ecological environments when elucidating the driving forces of adaptive evolution of the visual system.
Robotic single‐port myomectomy using the da Vinci SP surgical system: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Yoo Hae Kyung , Park So Yun , Moon Hye‐Sung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo report our initial experience with robotic single‐port myomectomy (RSPM) using the da Vinci SP surgical system and to evaluate the feasibility of the procedure.Material and MethodsThis prospective observational study was performed at a university teaching hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. Sixty‐one women with symptomatic fibroids received RSPM.ResultsBased on seven resected fibroids and a maximal diameter of resected fibroids <10 cm, the women were arbitrarily divided into two groups. The mean number and maximal diameter of the removed fibroids were 3.7 ± 3.8 (2.3 ± 1.8 in Group 1 vs. 7.2 ± 5.3 in Group 2) and 7.6 ± 2.9 cm (6.8 ± 1.6 in Group 1 vs. 9.5 ± 4.3 in Group 2), respectively. The mean operation time, hemoglobin change, and hospital stay were 149.9 ± 72.9 min (123.8 ± 43.8 in Group 1 vs. 217.6 ± 89.4 in Group 2), 2.3 ± 1.0 g/dL (2.1 ± 0.9 in Group 1 vs. 2.7 ± 1.2 in Group 2), and 4.5 ± 0.8 days (4.4 ± 0.8 in Group 1 vs. 4.7 ± 0.9 in Group 2). There was no conversion to multi‐port laparoscopy or laparotomy nor were there any major complications.ConclusionsRSPM using the da Vinci SP surgical system is feasible surgical modality for women with symptomatic fibroid and is expected to increase indications of single‐port myomectomy by solving many of the ergonomics problems inevitably accompanying single‐port laparoscopic myomectomy.
Oral perception of the textural and flavor characteristics of soy‐cow blended emulsions
Authors: Wan Jie , Ningtyas Dian W. , Bhandari Bhesh , Liu Chengmei , Prakash Sangeeta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSoy‐cow blended milk is a potential nutritional beverage and raw material for dairy products. This study determined the particle size, flow, lubrication, flavor and sensory properties of cow milk, soy milk and their blends. Twenty‐one major volatile compounds were identified using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME‐GCMS) in cow milk and soy milk. Among all the compounds detected in the milk samples, hexanal, associated with off flavor was found highest in soymilk followed by cow milk and blended milk. From confocal images, soy‐cow blended milk at a ratio of 1:1 showed a homogenous distribution of small fat globules and protein compared to the soy milk and cow milk. The addition of soy milk to cow milk lowers the particle size although not significantly (p > .05) and decreases the viscosity of blended milk. Cow milk was the most viscous (2.66 mPa·s at 50 s−1) with large particles (0.48 μm) observed from confocal images. However, soymilk was found to have better lubrication properties (boundary regime) with a lower friction coefficient (~0.30) compared to cow milk (~0.40) and blended milk (~0.50) at low entrainment speed (0.1–2 mm/s). The sensory panel ranked cow milk as creamier and more viscous while soymilk was perceived as more astringent with beany flavor. Overall, a proportion of 3:7 soy‐cow blended milk was more acceptable than the other two blended milks with less beany flavor, as confirmed by the lower amount of hexanal from gas chromatography mass spectrometer.
Symbiont shuffling induces differential DNA methylation responses to thermal stress in the coral Montastraea cavernosa
Authors: Rodriguez‐Casariego Javier A. , Cunning Ross , Baker Andrew C. , Eirin‐Lopez Jose M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlgal symbiont shuffling in favour of more thermotolerant species has been shown to enhance coral resistance to heat‐stress. Yet, the mechanistic underpinnings and long‐term implications of these changes are poorly understood. This work studied the modifications in coral DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism involved in coral acclimatization, in response to symbiont manipulation and subsequent heat stress exposure. Symbiont composition was manipulated in the great star coral Montastraea cavernosa through controlled thermal bleaching and recovery, producing paired ramets of three genets dominated by either their native symbionts (genus Cladocopium) or the thermotolerant species (Durusdinium trenchi). Single‐base genome‐wide analyses showed significant modifications in DNA methylation concentrated in intergenic regions, introns and transposable elements. Remarkably, DNA methylation changes in response to heat stress were dependent on the dominant symbiont, with twice as many differentially methylated regions found in heat‐stressed corals hosting different symbionts (Cladocopium vs. D. trenchii) compared to all other comparisons. Interestingly, while differential gene body methylation was not correlated with gene expression, an enrichment in differentially methylated regions was evident in repetitive genome regions. Overall, these results suggest that changes in algal symbionts favouring heat tolerant associations are accompanied by changes in DNA methylation in the coral host. The implications of these results for coral adaptation, along with future avenues of research based on current knowledge gaps, are discussed in the present work.
Challenges of persons with multiple sclerosis on ocrelizumab treatment during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baba Cavid , Yigit Pinar , Dastan Seda , Hancer Pelin , Sagici Ozge , Ozakbas Serkan , Abasiyanik Zuhal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease of the 2019 pandemic caused much fear among people with chronic diseases and those on immunosuppressant treatment because of spreading knowledge that the infection has a fatal course in these populations. People with Multiple Sclerosis on ocrelizumab treatment share this fear too. We aimed to investigate treatment and lifestyle changes of people with multiple sclerosis on ocrelizumab treatment during the lockdown.MethodsWe surveyed 199 of our registered multiple sclerosis patients on ocrelizumab treatment by phone.ResultsIn this survey, delays in treating 22 (11%) patients were not caused by fear of immunosuppressive drug use but rather by the general fear of contracting a fatal disease, which is the case during traveling and hospital visits. There was a positive correlation between living alone and treatment delay (P = .029), emphasizing the role of family support or just the presence of another person during the pandemic.ConclusionVaccines might soon solve the pandemic's issue, which is not the case with multiple sclerosis progression, so we should think twice before discontinuing the treatment.
A concept analysis of role ambiguity experienced by hospital nurses providing bedside nursing care
Authors: Cengiz Adem , Yoder Linda H. , Danesh Valerie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept of role ambiguity, despite its wide application in nursing research, lacks a clear definition and conceptualization, resulting in inconsistencies about how it is defined, operationalized, and applied in research. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and define the concept of role ambiguity among hospital nurses providing nursing care, using the concept analysis method developed by Walker and Avant. The three defining attributes of role ambiguity were lack of information (information deficiency), lack of clarity, and unpredictability. Antecedents included lack of clear role definitions, lack of education/training, communication problems, supervisory behaviors and support, organizational culture, practice environment conditions, experience, group cohesiveness, and preferred work setting. The consequences of role ambiguity included increased stress, lack of organizational commitment, job dissatisfaction, burnout, and increased intent to leave. This concept analysis provides a clear conceptual definition to better understand role ambiguity among hospital nurses along with implications for nurse leaders, educators, clinicians, and researchers to support nurses and guide future research. This paper further emphasizes the importance of nurse‐manager relationships in reducing the experience of role ambiguity among hospital nurses.