bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative technical solution to the issue of conditioning forage grasses
Authors: A Otroshko S , Shevtsov A V , Sharikov N D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acceleration of wilting of forage grasses treated during mowing by the working bodies of dynamic conditioners installed on disc mowers is a prerequisite for improving the quality of forage, primarily in terms of the concentration of high-quality protein, vitamins and other biologically active substances, as well as energy. The main working body of modern conditioning devices is a horizontal shaft rotating at a speed of 18-29 m / s with hinged beaters of various configurations placed on its surface, which ensure grass dragging along the surface of corrugated decks, through combs, etc. [1]. Such devices significantly increase the weight of the mowers, which increases their cost by about 1/3, and the use of an additional drive of the conditioner shaft leads to operational difficulties. In this regard, the search for innovative technical solutions aimed at improving this situation is a very urgent task. The article describes the design and principle of operation of a rotary conditioner with a vertical axis of rotation developed in Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for the KR-2.1M mower of the “Agramak” company, the articulated beams of which are installed directly on its discs. The mower with an innovative conditioner was tested on a mixture of reed fescue with clover of the first cut and on tetraploid meadow fescue of the second. The yield of green mass, the composition of the herbage, its height and lodging, as well as the phase of development were determined in accordance with the guidelines for conducting field experiments with forage crops. The work of the mower was evaluated according to GOST 28722-90. The article presents data on the degree of damage to treated plants and the dynamics of the rate of their dehydration.
Productivity Of Grain Crops In The Conditions Of The Training And Experimental Field Of Orenburg State Agricultural University
Authors: Rekunova O A , Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Aisuvakova T P , Kartabayeva B B , Tseiko V I , Kosolapov V M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the topic of scientific research is associated with the biological characteristics of the studied grain crops in specific natural and climatic conditions. The purpose of this work was to identify the potential capabilities of various grain crops in terms of yield and quality indicators of grain in the central zone of the Orenburg region. Food security of the population in the overwhelming majority of countries is most often associated with the provision of grain. At present, despite the active introduction of modern agricultural equipment and innovative technologies into the world agricultural production, it is not possible to achieve a significant increase in gross grain harvests. The level of its production is still insufficient to fully meet the growing needs of the rapidly growing population. According to the expert assessment of domestic scientists, in the conditions of modern natural and anthropogenic changes in the environment, Russia can play an important role in stabilizing the world grain production, which has sufficiently high natural, intellectual and technical resources for this. Their effective and rational use on the basis of nature-like, ecologically-oriented agricultural technologies can make a significant contribution to increasing food stability. Meeting the needs of cultivated plants in the elements of mineral nutrition was reduced mainly to the mobilization of soil fertility, i.e. depletion of humus reserves. As a result, in most of the grain-sowing regions of Russia, and primarily in the regions of the steppe zone, its negative balance has developed. It is quite obvious that these circumstances are a serious obstacle to sustainable grain production and can lead to even greater degradation of disturbed soils, disruption of the biological balance in agroecosystems and a reduction in biological diversity.
Mobilization Of Genetic Resources Of Hyssopus Officinalis L. For Selection For Seed Productivity And Essential Oil Content
Authors: Cherniavskih V I , Dumacheva E V , Zejko V I , Filatov S V , Tsugkiev B G , Tsugkieva V B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We studied 52 varieties and breeding samples from the collection of medicinal hyssop in the Botanical Garden of Belgorod State University (2017-2020). Of these, 16 varieties of domestic selection included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation, as well as 33 breeding samples obtained by selection from wild cenopopulations of the Volokonovsky district of the Belgorod region and 3 breeding samples obtained by selection from local selection varieties ‘Volokonovsky’ (2 samples) and ‘Lazar’ (1 sample). As a standard for the evaluation of varieties and breeding samples in the collection nursery, the variety ‘Volokonovsky [[CHECK_SINGLEQUOT_ENT]] was selected. The research was carried out in the framework of joint research programs with the federal research centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Williams Research Center for Forage Production & Agroecology, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology. From the forms of various ecological and geographical origin, 11 breeding samples were identified: 2 varieties (‘Volokonovsky’-CPI – 114, ‘Lazar’-CPI – 126), and 9 selections from natural populations and varieties (CPI-03, CPI-04, CPI-28, CPI-29, CPI-30, CPI-31, CPI-32, CPI-33, CPI-34), which have a complex of useful features: long flowering (56-62 days), bush height-50-67 cm and dense structure of bushes; leafiness at the level of 60-67%. They are highly productive: the dry matter yield is 3.5-4.4 kg / m2, the seed yield is 30.1-45.4 g*(m) −2. At the same time, two breeding samples have a high level of essential oil content: CPI-33 – 0.67%, CPI-34 – 0.61%, which allows us to consider them as a source material for selection on this basis.
Economic efficiency of creation and use of long-term hayfields on dry lands of the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors: Kutuzova A A , Kosolapov V M , Teberdiev D M , Rodionova A V , Provornaya E E , Jezmer N V , Zapivalov S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to accelerate the implementation of improved technologies, taking into account the requirements of a market economy, the economic assessment of the creation and use of long-term haymaking was carried out according to five technological systems of management, using the methodology approved by the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1995). On long-term haymaking (75 years of life) over the past 28 years, productivity in extensive low-cost management systems amounted to 1.9-3.9 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income 11.7-13.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 52-174%. In intensive technological systems, the productivity of long-term haymaking increased to 3.4-4.5 thousand fodder. units / ha, conditionally net income from 11.9 to 16.2 thousand rubles / ha, with a production profitability of 56-60%. Extensive management systems can be used on farms with limited material and technical resources. Capital costs for the creation of long-term haymaking during the development period (2 years) amounted to 32.5 thousand rubles / ha, which paid off in 1.4-3.0 years, the annual production costs for five technological systems - 6.6-28, 3 thousand rubles per year, 40-75% of them were hay bales, with a feed unit cost of 3.5-6.4 rubles. The creation of long-term hayfields on the basis of self-renewing cereal species of phytocenosis allows saving material resources for re-planting herbage by 8-10 times, providing animals with high-quality hay, and reducing the volume of concentrates in the winter stall period.
Productivity And Quality Of Spring Soft Wheat Grain Depending On Root Feeding With Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizers On Black Soils Of South Orenburg Region
Authors: Ibragimova R R , Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Aysuvakova T P , Kartabayeva B B , Tseiko V I , Kosolapov V M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The relevance of the topic of scientific research is associated with the use of new liquid fertilizers and a growth regulator in spring wheat crops to increase the yield and quality of grain in the central zone of the Orenburg region. Ensuring food security today is becoming one of the most urgent tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation for domestic agriculture. To solve this problem, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the yield of agricultural crops, rationally using all the factors affecting it. One of these factors is the timely and sufficient application of mineral fertilizers, the cost of which largely determines the size of the cost of production. The emergence of precision farming is associated, first of all, with the improvement of all types of agricultural machinery and technologies, as well as with the rapid development of computer technology, methods of computer modeling and information technology. The integrating basis of the technology is geographic information systems that allow registering and processing information characterizing the state of soil and crops. This information makes it possible to effectively use one of the most significant resources in crop production - mineral fertilizers.
Identification Of Component Components Of Soil Mixtures To Increase The Survival Rate Of Wheat
Authors: Sviridova L L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article considers the parameters indicating the influence of the prepared soil mixtures on the root system of spring wheat of the AGATA variety (Russia) in laboratory conditions. The options being considered are preparatory aspects in the development of methodological aspects for improving the soil with sapropel deposits of the Lower Volga region.
Agroecosystem Stability In Spring Wheat Crops With The Application Of Fertilizers And Microbial Biological Products
Authors: Alferov A A , Chernova L S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The formation of spring wheat biomass on sod-podzolic soil is carried out mainly due to soil nitrogen, the share of which reaches 1/3 of the total removal of the element when using mineral fertilizers. Inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics of rhizosphere microorganisms increases the nitrogen content of fertilizers to 7.3%, increases its immobilization by 5.9-6.7% and reduces losses by 7.4-13.9%. The stability of the agroecosystem is characterized by nitrogen flows. During the growing season of spring wheat with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.55-1.72, the amount of mineralized nitrogen (mineralization (M)), depending on fertilizers, reaches 9.4-11.1 g/m2, while the reimobilized nitrogen (reimobilization (RI)) – 2.2-3.1 g/m2, net-mineralized (net-mineralization (N-M)) – 6.8 - 8.0 g/m2. The use of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products leads the agroecosystem to the resistance mode (the maximum permissible level of exposure) (RI : M = 27-28%, N-M : RI = 2.5-2.7).
Responsibility for land damage: a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of Russia and some foreign countries
Authors: Yu Fyodorovich V , Kuzmin N A , Zavyalov I A , Chugunov A A , Boitsova Zh A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to find a solution to the existing practical issues of applying the norms of the domestic criminal law in the field of land damage, the analysis of foreign legislation related to criminal pollution and land damage is carried out. Comparative analysis allows us to identify the directions of development of law in the field under study in different cultural environments.
Types of biologically active substances, methods of their application as factors of increasing resistance of varieties of various potatoes in an effort to realize greater productivity when exposed to pathogenic organisms
Authors: Sevostyanova E P , Sevostyanov M A , Glinushkin A P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
All countries in the world strive not to repeat the potato famine of Ireland. Potatoes infect more than 100 pathogens, one of the most serious is late blight. In the world, the average loss of potato yield from late blight is 10-15% per year. This article briefly discusses various safe, effective and environmentally friendly methods of preventing and controlling late blight of potatoes.
A study of the Distribution of Sand Sheet on Some Pastures in the Western Desert of Iraq
Authors: Alalwany A A M , Mukhlif H N , Abdulkareem B M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research aims to track the spatial extensions of the sand accumulations significantly over the past few years, on the pastoral lands of two regions in the Western Desert of Iraq for the years (2000-2005-2013-2019), depending on the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system, which covered an area of (1826.5 km2), the satellite visuals of the Landsat sensors (OLI, TM) were used for the selected years of observations, within path 171, row 36 and 37, and the program to build classification equations within the ArcGis9.3 software environment for classification and mapping from the US Geological Survey website analysis, treatment, classification, improvement and calculation of the spread areas of sand accumulation, the results showed the affected areas in the north of Al-Rutba reached 304,443,268,280 km2, either in part of Wadi Al-Ratqah reached 289,346,191,113 Square kilometers, 34 grazing plant species belong to 12 families, The vegetative density ranged between 3.7 – 36.0 plant. m-2, the vegetation coverage was between 9.5-73.8 cm.m-2 and the total biomass was 28.1 g. m-2, noting the low values in the sand accumulations. This study emphasizes the need to develop policies, procedures and future plans to reduce the phenomenon of sand accumulation on pasturelands in the study areas.
An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of The Microfilaria Parasite in Cows in Western Regions of Iraq
Authors: Shahatha S S , Ayyed I M , Abood N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The current study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Microfilaria in cows in the western regions of Iraq, by examining 382 cows of both sexes and for ages from 1-11 years during the year 2020. The parasite was diagnosed by examining the skin scraping collected from the infected animals in the laboratory, and the results showed that the cows were infected with the microfilariae parasite by 34%, and the highest infection rate was recorded in Al-Qa’im area 51.6% and Haditha 49.%. Significant differences were observed between males (21.9%) and females (44.6%). The highest incidence rate was recorded in cows aged 3-5 years, at 45.3%, with significant differences from the rest of the ages. Furthermore, the highest incidence rate was observed in Summer seasons, reaching 64.8%. The current study concludes that cattle in the western regions of Iraq are infected with the microfilariae parasite at a high rate, and this necessitates the establishment of an integrated control approach to control parasitic diseases and prevent their spread in farm animals because they cause serious disease effects and heavy economic losses.
The Effect Irrigation Scheduling and Potassium Fertilization on Water Consumption of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Modern Irrigation Systems
Authors: Ati A S , Razin H A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Yusufiya sub-district - Mahmudiya township/Baghdad governorate in silty loam texture soil during the spring season of 2020. The experiment included three treatments with three replicates, as the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used according to the arrangement of the split design block. The treatments are in the irrigation system, which included surface drip irrigation (T1) and sprinkler irrigation (T2). Secondly, the Irrigation levels including the irrigation using 0.70 Pan Evaporation Fraction PEF (I1), irrigation using 1.00 PEF (I2), and irrigation using 1.30 PEF (I3). Coupled with, Potassium fertilization treatments that include (0.0 kg k ha-1 (K1), 150 kg k ha-1 (K2) and 300 kg k ha-1 (K3)). The results showed that the actual seasonal water consumption reached its peak at irrigation level I1, which reached 390.03 and 256.41 mm for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. However, the actual seasonal water consumption at irrigation level I2 was 373.92 and 255.63, and it was 353.82 and T255.15 mm at irrigation level I3 for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. The lowest values of the crop coefficient at the tuber maturity stage using the sprinkler irrigation system were 0.49, 0.46, and 0.44, and at the vegetative growth stage using the surface drip irrigation system by 0.37, 0.32, and 0.38 for irrigation levels I1, I2, and I3, respectively. Even though the greatest values were in the tuber Initiation and bulking stages, as they reached 0.86, 0.66, and 0.79 using the sprinkler irrigation system, while they reached 0.49, 0.54, and 0.51 using the surface drip irrigation system for I1, I2, and I3 levels, respectively. The highest water productivity for treatment I3K3 was 15.70 and 27.20 kg m-3 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water productivity was 8.73 and 17.72 kg m-3 for treatment I1K1 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Whereas, the highest value of crop water use efficiency was 11.70 and 17.58 kg m-3 for I3K3 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Although, the lowest value of crop water use efficiency was 6.71 and 11.49 kg m-3 for I1K1 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Lastly, the highest yield was 44.87 Mg ha-1 at treatment T1I3K3.
Estimation of the Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater in Rutba City
Authors: Abd Byty A W , Gharbi M A , Assaf A H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractToxic metal pollutants in groundwater should be identified to prevent future health risks. In this paper, the presence of heavy metals in groundwater in the western region of Iraq was investigated. The heavy metals concentrations, including Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, As3+and Hg2+were explored in twenty selected aquifers near Rutba City and the results were presented as spatial distribution maps. Findings indicate that contamination with the investigated heavy metal ions possesses a serious threat to the study area’s groundwater quality when compared to WHO and IEPA guideline values. Thus, a new approach to remove or adsorb heavy metal ions can be developed for large-scale production and the safe use of these aquifers water. Results revealed that the highest concentrations in mg/L1of 2.312 in w19, 1.098 in w2, 5.78 in w17, 0.292 in w9, 3.349 in w5, 0.32 in w13, 0.074 in w11 and 5.622 in w1 for Zn2+, Cr3+, As3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+and Hg2+were recorded, respectively.
Study of Combining Ability and Hybrid Vigor in Many Maize lines Zea mays L
Authors: Mukhlif F. H. , Abdullah A. Sh. , Hammody D. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, nine pure maize lines were tested, in the analytical program (Line X Tester), during spring season 2020 to obtain individual hybrids which are 20. Parents and the resulting individual hybrid seeds were cultivated in the autumn season 2020 in accordance with random complete block design R.C.B.D. in three replicates to estimate the general and specific combining ability, some genetic parameters, and study the hybrid vigor by the best parents. The statistical analysis results showed significant differences between parents and individual hybrids for every studied character. Tester (ART-B-17) showed superiority with the highest positive effect of the general combining ability for grains number per row, weight of 300 grains and grains yield per plant where it gave 51.81, 7.71, and 45.74 respectively. The line (Zm4) has the most desired effect with regard to the general combining ability for the parameters; the hight of upper cob, plant height, number of grans per raw, number of cobs per plant and, weight of 300 grains, and single plant grains yield (10.53, 11.48, 2.89, 0.08, 29.28) respectively. The hybrid (Zm3 × ART-B-17) gave the highest wanted effect for the specific combining ability for the following traits; the height of upper cob, number of cobs per plant and single plant grains yield 13.34, 0.15 and 48.46 respectively. The genetic analytical results showed the presence of additive non-additive effects that control the parameters inheritance. Percentages of broad and narrow sense heritability for grains crop parameter reached 100 % and 30.95% respectively, while the average degree of dominance for the same parameter reached 2.11. the hybrid (Zm4 × S6) achieved the highest positive hybrid vigor for single plant grains yield (64.45%). In conclusion, this study showed the possibility to use some dominant parental crosses to obtain single hybrids with high grain yield because the single plant grains yield parameter was complying the effect of highly dominant genes.
Effect of Storage Methods, Covering and Spraying Treatments of Sugar Beet Roots During Storage Periods on Quality Characters of Roots
Authors: Ibrahim M E M , Seadh S E , Abdel-Moneam M A , Mohamed I K E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A research experiment was conducted after sugar beet harvesting season of 2018/2019 to study the losses in sugar beet roots quality after harvesting and reducing it by using different storage methods (storage roots in shadow and open air), covering (without, covering with rice straw, sugar beet foliages and net) and spraying treatments (without, spraying with tap water and Mepiquat chloride at the rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm/L) during storage periods (one, two, three and four weeks from beginning the study) under environmental conditions of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The experiment was carried out in factorial experiment in randomized complete blocks design with three replicates. Stored sugar beet roots in piles under shading net conditions indexed the highest sucrose and quality percentages and lowest K, Na and alfa amino nitrogen percentages in roots. The highest sucrose and quality percentages and lowest K, Na and alfa amino nitrogen percentages in roots were obtained by covering sugar beet piles with sugar beet foliages. The highest sucrose and quality percentages and lowest K, Na and alfa amino nitrogen percentages in roots were resulted when spraying piles before storage with Mepiquat chloride at 1.0 cm/L. It can be concluded that stored sugar beet roots after harvesting directly in piles under shading and covering with beet foliages and spraying piles with Mepiquat chloride at 1.0 cm/L to reduce losses in sugar beet roots quality after harvesting and during storage and achieve high quality characters of roots under the environmental conditions of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
Effect of Planting Dates on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Three Cultivars of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Ajaj H A , Mohammed Y A , Alrubaya A AM , Addaheri A MS 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field study was carried out during the spring season of 2017 in the fields of a farmer in the district of Habbaniyah, which is 70 km west of Baghdad, to study the effect of three planting dates (15 March, 1 April and 15 April) on the growth, yield and quality of three cultivars of sorghum (Babel, Warka and Rabeh). The implementation of the experiment was according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with split-plot arrangement with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that the cultivar Rabeh was superior in most of the studied traits such as leaf area (3968 cm2), number of grains per head (2659.00 grains head-1), weight of grains per head (63.41 g) and grain yield (7.44 ton ha-1), while the Babel variety was superior in the percentage of protein (12.21%). As for planting dates, the date of April 1 was superior in most of the studied traits, such as leaf area (3635.33 cm2), number of grains per head (2670.33 grains head-1), weight of grains per head (62.12 g), grain yield (7.55 ton ha-1) and the percentage of protein (11.49%).