bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Average duration of prior treatment lines predicts clinical benefit to eribulin chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Coe Faye , Misra Vivek , McCabe Yamini , Adderley Helen , Woodhouse Laura , Ayub Zaheen , Wang Xin , Howell Sacha , Ekholm Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with eribulin in a real-world setting, to improve information provision in those considering treatment.

Methods
Patients treated with eribulin for MBC at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK, between August 2011 and December 2018 were included (n = 439). Data were collected by retrospective review of medical records and electronic prescribing systems. Factors such as biological subtype, distant recurrence-free interval, previous lines of chemotherapy and the ‘average duration of previous treatment lines’ (ADPT) (calculated as: (date of initiation of eribulin–date of MBC) / the number of previous treatment lines in the metastatic setting) were evaluated for prognostic impact using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results
In the full cohort, the median PFS and OS were 4.1 months (95% CI 3.7–4.4) and 8.6 months (95% CI 7.4–9.8), respectively. Outcomes were significantly inferior for those with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (n = 92); PFSTNBC: 2.4 months (95% CI 2.1–3.0), p =  < 0.001 and OSTNBC: 5.4 months (95% CI 4.6–6.6), p =  < 0.001. ADPT was the only factor other than subtype significantly associated with PFS and OS. Longer ADPT was also significantly associated with PFS and OS in those with TNBC. For example, women in the lowest ADPT tertile (< 5.0 months) achieved a median OS of only 4.3 months, whereas those in the upper ADPT tertile (> 8.7 months) had a median OS of 12.1 months (p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that the ADPT lines is an important factor when predicting the outcome with eribulin chemotherapy in a palliative setting and that quantitative guidance on the likely PFS and OS with treatment can be provided using ADPT. Validation in additional cohorts is warranted.
Contact of the Samoan Plume with the Tonga Subduction from Intermediate and Deep-Focus Earthquakes
Authors: Hrubcová Pavla , Vavryčuk Václav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Tonga subduction zone in the south-west Pacific is the fastest convergent plate boundary in the world with the most active mantle seismicity. This zone shows unique tectonic features including Samoan volcanic lineament of plume-driven origin near the northern rim of the Tonga subducting slab. The proximity of the Samoa hotspot to the slab is enigmatic and invokes debates on interactions between the Samoa plume and the Tonga subduction. Based on long-term observations of intermediate and deep-focus Tonga earthquakes reported in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog, we provide novel detailed imaging of this region. Accurate traveltime residua of the P- and S-waves recorded at two nearby seismic stations of the Global Seismographic Network are inverted for the P- and S-wave velocities and their ratio and reveal their pronounced lateral variations. In particular, they differ for the southern and northern parts of the Tonga subduction region. While no distinct anomalies are detected in the southern Tonga segment, striking low-velocity anomalies associated with a high Vp/Vs ratio are observed in the northern Tonga segment close to the Samoa plume. These anomalies spread through the whole upper mantle down to depths of ~ 600 km. Together with the fast extension of the northern back-arc Lau Basin, slab deformation and geochemical enrichment in the northern Tonga region, they trace deep-seated magmatic processes and evidence an interaction of the Tonga subduction with the Samoa plume.
Blossoming Child, Mourning Parent: A Qualitative Study of Trans Children and Their Parents Navigating Transition
Authors: Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Medico Denise , Gelly Morgane , Kirichenko Valeria , Suerich-Gulick Frank ,   on behalf of the Stories of Gender Affirming Care project
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of jurisdictions now facilitate transitions for trans and non-binary youth (TNBY), allowing them to legally change their name and gender marker and providing medical gender-affirming care to support transition needs. The literature demonstrates the benefits of such measures in reducing adverse mental health outcomes. Strong parental support is also identified as key to TNBY thriving. But studies also show that parents may struggle to accept their child’s identity during transition and beyond, rendering this life stage particularly challenging for both parents and TNBY. This qualitative project traces the experiences of TNBY and their parents as they evolve from the discovery of diverse gender identity to affirmation. Participants were recruited through three Canadian specialty clinics offering gender-affirming care and interviews were conducted separately with 36 dyads of trans youth and one of their parents, for a total of 72 interviews. Data reveal notable differences between the experiences of TNBY and that of their parents. Many TNBY began questioning their gender secretly, waiting to be sure of it before disclosing it to parents. While coming out was often a relief for TNBY, it was experienced differently for their parents, who often struggled to accept their child’s identity even while outwardly showing support. However, we found that TNBY and their parents were able to bridge this gap by engaging in the transition process together. Because TNBY’s experiences of realization and affirmation differ from those of their parents, we reiterate the importance of centering TNBY voices when attempting to understand their experience.
Case report. Kiemcelneoplasie in situ in een monotestis hoeft niet direct behandeld te worden
Authors: Mathijssen Ruud J. G. , Nijs Jelle J. G. , D’Hauwers Kathleen W. M. , de Jongh Rik 
Published: November 2021

SamenvattingDit case report beschrijft een 32-jarige man met kiemcelneoplasie in situ (GCNIS) na partiële orchidectomie en contralaterale orchidectomie in verband met een gemengde kiemceltumor. De behandeling van GCNIS kan bestaan uit radiotherapie, orchidectomie of surveillance. Bij het kiezen van de therapie is het belangrijk om rekening te houden met een mogelijke kinderwens, de hormonale status, het risico op het ontwikkelen van (recidief) zaadbalkanker en de voor- en nadelen van iedere behandeling. Deze casus laat zien dat surveillance beleid omwille van een actieve kinderwens op korte termijn veilig kan zijn. Retrospectief is bij verdenking op bilaterale zaadbalkanker overleg met een academisch testisexpertisecentrum en cryosemenpreservatie bij een aanwezige kinderwens te adviseren alvorens te starten met behandeling.
On the Interplay of Ownership Patterns, Biodiversity, and Conservation in Past and Present Temperate Forest Landscapes of Europe and North America
Authors: Mölder Andreas , Tiebel Malin , Plieninger Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewOwnership patterns and the associated management characteristics are related to forest structures, biodiversity patterns, and their conservation worldwide. A literature review on this topic is missing so far. We fill this gap with an emphasis on the temperate forests of Europe and North America. Mixed-ownership landscapes are the special focus of the analysis. In a first step, historical effects of ownership patterns on forest structure and biodiversity are elucidated. Second, connections between present-time forest ownership patterns and both forest structural and biodiversity patterns are analyzed. Finally, implications for integrative conservation management are evaluated with a special focus on mixed-ownership forest landscapes.Recent FindingsClose linkages between ownership type-specific forest management and particular forest structural and biodiversity patterns are identified for past and current forest landscapes. Both in Europe and North America, publicly and privately owned forests show comparable lines of historical development but with a time shift. Forest reserves and ancient woodland with long ecological continuity appear to be mainly connected with public ownership. A high diversity of management approaches and cultural landscape habitats is characteristic of non-industrial small private forests. In mixed-ownership landscapes, a more diverse mosaic of habitats has developed than in mono-ownership landscapes.SummaryWe conclude that cross-boundary ecosystem management is crucial for effective conservation in present-day mixed-ownership landscapes. Integrative forest management that considers biodiversity and social-ecological aspects across ownerships is indispensable. We present a framework of implications for conservation management in mixed-ownership forest landscapes that build on each other and may enhance cross-boundary ecosystem management.
Organizational Psychological Capital in Family Firms: the Role of Family Firm Heterogeneity
Authors: Fischer-Kreer Denise , Greven Andrea , Eichwald Isabel Catherine , Bendig David , Brettel Malte 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganizational psychological capital—comprising hope, confidence, resilience, and optimism—is a vital resource for family firms in times of stress. Surprisingly, whether and how family firm idiosyncrasies impact organizational psychological capital remains unclear. Considering the theoretical paradigm of socio-emotional wealth, we investigate two important family firm characteristics as antecedents of organizational psychological capital: the family involvement in the top management team and the generation of the family firm. We further propose that these relationships are moderated by a board of directors’ tenure. Based on an empirical analysis of listed U.S. family firms, our results confirm a negative relationship between family membership in the top management team and organizational psychological capital. In addition, we find that descendant family firms exhibit higher levels of organizational psychological capital than founder family firms. The results also confirm the moderating role of board tenure. This study works toward a more holistic view of family firm heterogeneity and specifically how different types of family involvement shape a firm’s positive strategic resources.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Among Prolific Young Robbery Offenders in London: Targeting Treatment for Desistance?
Authors: Hilder Lorraine , Strang Heather , Kumar Sumit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research Question
How prevalent are various types of adverse childhood experiences among prolific young robbery offenders in London, with what implications for treatment and desistance of these people from serious offending?

Data
Of the 1249 suspects under 26 years of age who were arrested for robberies in London in 2019, 81 (6.5%) of them had been arrested for four or more robberies, totalling 24% of all robbery arrests of that age group (465 out of 1936). Of those 81 arrestees, 65 of them (80%) percent had used a knife or threatened with a knife to commit their crime. In total, the 81 had criminal histories as suspects in 939 offences covering 34 offence types, most commonly theft from person (201), possession of drugs (164) and violence with injury (89).

Methods
This study gathered extensive life history data for the 81, with a special emphasis on adverse childhood experiences (ACE) including criminal victimisation by parents or other adults. The analysis compares the prevalence of ACE in the most prolific young robbery suspects to prevalence in general population samples.

Findings
The 81 prolific robbery offenders had extremely high prevalence of ACEs: 80% had previously been victims of crime themselves (highest offence categories assault with bodily harm, robbery and domestic violence). Reported to police as missing is 63%, school exclusions 49%, incarceration of a family member 35% and known to social services 91%. The prevalence of 4 or more ACEs among the 81 prolific robbery offenders is two to five times higher than it is in other estimates for London (random sample) or England (children in need).

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of all London arrests for robbery identify young people with disproportionately high levels of adverse childhood experiences. Most of the ACEs are to some extent treatable by cognitive behavioural therapies and related treatments aimed at post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One possible pathway to promote desistance from high-harm crime in this population may be the development and testing of a police role in helping to ensure that these few most chronic, high-harm arrestees received effective treatment for the consequences of ACEs.
Digitalisation anxiety: development and validation of a new scale
Authors: Pfaffinger Katharina F. , Reif Julia A. M. , Huber Andreas K. , Eger Vera M. , Dengler Melina K. , Czakert Jan Philipp , Spieß Erika , Berger Rita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe increasing spread of digital technologies and respective consequences for the way we live, work, and communicate can evoke feelings of tension and discomfort. This so-called digitalisation anxiety is related to existing and future technologies, includes the process of digitalisation in everyday life, and refers to multiple levels (the individual, organisations, and society). Existing scales measuring technology-related fears due not adequately reflect these features. Therefore, we developed the German version of the Digitalisation Anxiety Scale (DAS). Having generated items based on a qualitative interview study (Study 1, n = 26), we demonstrated the DAS’s factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity in Study 2a (n = 109) and test-retest reliability in Study 2b (n = 30). In Study 3 (n = 223), the scale’s structure was confirmed and correlates of digitalisation anxiety were examined. The final version of the DAS consists of 35 items with a four-factor structure (societal triggers for digitalisation anxiety, triggers related to interaction and leadership, triggers within oneself and triggers resulting from the digitalisation implementation process). Digitalisation Anxiety had negative relationships with well-being and performance. The scale allows practitioners and researchers to measure and benchmark individuals’ levels of digitalisation anxiety, and to track changes over time. The scale can inform interventions aiming at reducing digitalisation anxiety and stress resulting from digitalisation.
Impact of COVID-19 on Volume of Infection Prevention and Control Calls at a Tertiary-Care Center in Iowa, 2018–2020
Authors: Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Kobayashi Takaaki , Holley Stephanie , Dains Angie , Abosi Oluchi , Jenn Kyle , Meacham Holly , Sheeler Lorinda , Etienne William , Trannel Alexandra , Kukla Mary , Marra Alexandre , Wellington Melanie , Diekema Daniel , Salinas Jorge 
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems worldwide, but the impact on infection prevention and control (IPC) programs has not been fully evaluated. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IPC consultation requests. Methods: The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics comprises an 811-bed hospital that admits >36,000 patients yearly and >200 outpatient clinics. Questions about IPC can be addressed to the Program of Hospital Epidemiology via e-mail, in person, or through our phone line. We routinely record date and time, call source, reason for the call, and estimated time to resolve questions for all phone line requests. We defined calls during 2018–2019 as the pre–COVID-19 period and calls from January to December 2020 as the COVID-19 period. Results: In total, 6,564 calls were recorded from 2018 to 2020. In the pre–COVID-19 period (2018–2019), we received a median of 71 calls per month (range, 50–119). The most frequent call sources were inpatient units (n = 902; 50%), department of public health (n = 357; 20%), laboratory (n = 171; 9%), and outpatient clinics (n = 120; 7%) (Figure 1). The most common call topics were isolation and precautions (n = 606; 42%), outside institutions requests (n = 324; 22%), environmental and construction (n = 148; 10%), and infection exposures (n = 149; 10%). The most frequent infection-related calls were about tuberculosis (17%), gram-negative organisms (14%), and influenza (9%). During the COVID-19 period, the median monthly call volume increased 500% to 368 per month (range, 149–829). Most (83%) were COVID-19 related. The median monthly number of COVID-19 calls was 302 (range, 45–674). The median monthly number of non–COVID-19 calls decreased to 56 (range, 36–155). The most frequent call sources were inpatient units (57%), outpatient clinics (16%), and the department of public health (5%). Most calls concerned isolation and precautions (50%) and COVID-19 testing (20%). The mean time required to respond to each question was 10 minutes (range, 2–720). The biggest surges in calls during the COVID-19 period were at the beginning of the pandemic (March 2020) and during the hospital peak COVID-19 census (November 2020). Conclusions: In addition to supporting a proactive COVID-19 response, our IPC program experienced a 500% increase in consultation requests. Planning for future bioemergencies should include creative strategies to provide additional resources to increase response capacity within IPC programs.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
Optimizing COVID-19 Symptom Screening in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Zhou Geena , Singh Prachi , Perito Emily R. , Bardach Naomi , Penwill Nicole , Burrough William , Cheung Ann , Nguyen Margaret , Mittal Shalini , Cheng Grace , Spad Mia-Ashley 
Published: November 2021

Background: Research analyzing COVID-19 symptom screening has primarily focused on adult patients. In efforts to safely reopen schools, symptom screeners are being widely utilized. However, pediatric-specific outpatient data on which symptom combinations best identify children with COVID-19 are lacking. Such data could refine school symptom screening by improving screener sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we assessed the frequency of symptoms and symptom combinations in children tested for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient settings. We aim to contribute to the optimization of pediatric COVID-19 screening questionnaires, to ultimately minimize both COVID-19 transmission in schools and missed school days. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of outpatient symptoms screens, SARS-CoV-2 test results, and demographics of children (≤18 years) tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March 30 and November 30, 2020, at 3 UCSF-affiliated COVID-19 outpatient screening clinics in northern California. Those with incomplete symptom screens, >7 days between symptom documentation and test, and invalid test results were excluded. Results: Of 473 children tested at 1 site, 21 children had positive SARs-CoV-2 results and 452 children had negative results (4.4% positivity rate). Moreover, 85.7% of SARS-CoV-2–positive children had a known exposure to COVID-19 (Table 1). Of SARS-CoV-2–positive children, 61.9% had >1 symptom. Also, 52.4% of SARS-CoV-2–positive children had at least 1 symptom (fever, cough, or loss of taste or smell) versus 62.8% of SARS-CoV-2–negative children (Table 2). Runny nose or nasal congestion was the most frequently reported symptom in the SARS-CoV-2–positive group (47.6%) as well as the SARS-CoV-2–negative group (58.6%). Also, 14.3% of SARS-CoV-2–positive children had eye redness or discharge versus 3.1% of SARS-CoV-2–negative children. Isolated runny nose presented in 10.8% of SARS-CoV-2–negative versus 9.5% of SARS-CoV-2–positive children. All children with isolated diarrhea (n = 5), isolated headache (n = 3), and isolated rash (n = 2) tested negative. Preliminary symptom data based on 176 children from a second site showed that 9.9% of symptomatic children had a positive test result. Conclusions: Runny nose or nasal congestion was the most frequently reported symptom in all children tested for SARS-CoV-2. However, isolated runny nose or nasal congestion identified 2 cases of COVID-19 in our cohort. Eye redness or discharge may be an important symptom to screen for COVID-19 in children. Further research with a larger number of positive cases is needed to make conclusions about improving efficiency and efficacy of symptom screeners for COVID-19 in children.Funding: NoDisclosures: None
COVID-19 Outbreak in an Acute-Care Hospital: Lessons Learned
Authors: Narasimhan Supriya , Mony Vidya , Stoll Tracey , Oribello Sherilyn , Yvonne Karanas , Goel Dolly 
Published: November 2021

Background: We describe the infection prevention investigation of a cluster of 15 healthcare workers (HCWs) and 7 patients in a single non–COVID-19 unit of an acute-care hospital in September 2020. Methods: The infection prevention team was notified of 13 SARS-CoV-2–positive, symptomatic HCWs in an acute-care non–COVID-19 unit in 1 week (August 30, 2020, to September 3, 2020). In the same week, 2 patients who had been on the unit were diagnosed with nosocomial COVID-19. An epidemiologic investigation identified the exposure period to be between August 19, 2020, and September 3, 2020. The following immediate containment measures were implemented: closing the unit to new admissions, restricting float staff, moving existing patients to private rooms, mandatory masking of patients, and mandatory respirator and eye protection on unit entry for all HCWs. Exposed unit staff were tested immediately and then every 4 days until September 18, 2020. Likewise, exposed patients, including those discharged, were notified and offered testing. Hospital-wide HCW surveillance testing was conducted. Enhanced environmental control measures were conducted, including terminal cleaning and ultraviolet C (UV-C) disinfection of common areas and patient rooms and a thorough investigation of airflow. Detailed staff interviews were performed to identify causes of transmission. Multiple town hall meetings were held for staff education and updates. Results: In total, 108 total patients were deemed exposed: 33 were inpatients and 75 had been discharged. Testing identified 5 additional patient cases among 57 patients who received testing; 51 chose to self-monitor for symptoms. Staff testing identified 2 additional cases. Thus, 15 HCWs and 7 patients were linked in this cluster. The containment measures successfully ended staff transmission as of September 5, 2020. The last patient case was detected on September 10, 2020. Secondary cases were noted in 6 HCW families. We identified staff presenteeism, complacency, and socialization in break rooms and outside work as major causes of transmission. Suboptimal compliance with universal eye protection and hand hygiene (67%) were contributing factors. We determined by contact tracing and temporality that the outbreak could have stemmed from nursing home patient(s) through floating HCWs to staff on the affected unit. Directionality of transmission was from staff to patients in this cluster. Conclusions: Many facets of pandemic fatigue were apparent in this outbreak, namely, inability of HCWs to adhere to changing PPE guidance, presenteeism pressures due to workforce needs, and socialization with peers due to a false sense of security conferred by biweekly surveillance testing. Ongoing PPE education, repeated reinforcement, as well as engagement in staff wellness are crucial to combatting pandemic fatigue, conserving our workforce, and preventing future outbreaks.Funding: NoDisclosures: None