bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both high and low pre-infection glucose levels associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19: New insights from a population-based study
Authors: Shauly-Aharonov Michal , Shafrir Asher , Paltiel Ora , Calderon-Margalit Ronit , Safadi Rifaat , Bicher Roee , Barenholz-Goultschin Orit , Stokar Joshua 
Published: July 2021

Importance
Patients with diabetes are known to be at increased risk for infections including severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the relationship between COVID-19 severity and specific pre-infection glucose levels is not known.

Objective
To assess the differential effects of pre-infection glucose levels on the risk for severe COVID-19 amongst patients with and without diabetes.

Design
Population based historical cohort study.

Setting
National state-mandated HMO.

Patients
All adult patients with a positive SARS-COV2 test between March-October 2020.

Exposure
Recent fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1C), age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease.

Outcome
Risk for severe COVID-19, defined as resulting in ≥10 hospitalization days, ICU admission or death.

Results
37,121 patients with a positive SARS-COV2 test were identified; 707 defined as severe (1.9%). Unadjusted risk factors for severe disease were age (OR = 1.1 for every year increase; 95% CI 1.09–1.11, p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.68, p = 0.012); BMI (OR = 1.02 for 1 kg/m2 increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.025). Controlling for these factors, we found an association between pre-infection FBG and the risk of severe COVID-19, with a differential effect in patients with and without a diagnosis of diabetes. For patients without diabetes, elevated FBG in the pre-diabetes range (106–125 mg/dl) was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 1.55 95% CI 1.04–2.26 p = 0.027). For patients with a diagnosis of diabetes, we found a J-shaped association between pre-infection glucose control and the risk for severe COVID-19 where the lowest risk for was for patients with FBG 106–125 mg/dl; the risk increased with higher pre-infection glucose levels but strikingly also for patients with a low pre-infection FBG (<100mg/dl) or HbA1C (<5.7%).

Conclusions and relevance
Elevated pre-infection blood glucose is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 even in non-diabetics. For patients with a diagnosis of diabetes both high as well as low pre-infection glucose levels are risk factors for severe COVID-19. Further research is required to assess whether these associations are causal, but we believe these findings can already have clinical implications for COVID-19 risk assessment and stratification.
Institutional delivery and associated factors in rural communities of Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Nigusie Adane , Azale Telake , Yitayal Mezgebu , Derseh Lemma 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Institutional delivery has been considered as one of the important strategies to improve maternal and child health and significantly reduces birth-related complications. However, it is still low in developing countries though there are some improvements. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of institutional delivery and associated factors in the study area.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage systematic sampling technique was used to select 1,394 study participants. We collected data from 18–48 years old women by using a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors at 95% confidence level.

Results
The mean age of respondents was 30 (±0.15). The wealth status of 33.48% respondents was poor and 33.33% rich. The prevalence of institutional delivery was 58.17% (95% CI: 55.57%, 60.77%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that demographic factors: women age (≥35years) (AOR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.04, 1.96), having a family size of less than five (AOR = 4.61; 95% CI 3.34, 6.34), having family discussion (AOR = 4.05; 95% CI 2.74, 5.97), distance from the nearby clinic (≤30min) (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI 1.53, 5.58) and decision power about place of delivery (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI 1.56, 4.01); socio-economic factors: husband’s educational status of primary school (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.19, 2.24), middle level household wealth index (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.25, 2.54) and rich level household wealth index (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.42, 2.86); and programmatic factors: antenatal care visit during their recent pregnancy (AOR = 1.86;95% CI 1.16, 2.97) were affects institutional delivery positively. Whereas bad behavior of health workers (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.19, 0.39) negatively affects institutional delivery.

Conclusion
Institutional delivery was low in the study area. This study implies that strengthening family discussion and up taking antenatal care services in regular ways are a few of the suggested recommendations.
Cryopreservation moderates the thrombogenicity of arterial allografts during storage
Authors: Hidi László , Komorowicz Erzsébet , Kovács Gergely Imre , Szeberin Zoltán , Garbaisz Dávid , Nikolova Natalia , Tenekedjiev Kiril , Szabó László , Kolev Krasimir , Sótonyi Péter 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Management of vascular infections represents a major challenge in vascular surgery. The use of cryopreserved vascular allografts could be a feasible therapeutic option, but the optimal conditions for their production and use are not precisely defined.

Aims
To evaluate the effects of cryopreservation and the duration of storage on the thrombogenicity of femoral artery allografts.

Methods
In our prospective study, eleven multi-organ-donation-harvested human femoral arteries were examined at five time points during storage at -80°C: before cryopreservation as a fresh native sample and immediately, one, twelve and twenty-four weeks after the cryopreservation. Cross-sections of allografts were perfused with heparin-anticoagulated blood at shear-rates relevant to medium-sized arteries. The deposited platelets and fibrin were immunostained. The thrombogenicity of the intima, media and adventitia layers of the artery grafts was assessed quantitatively from the relative area covered by fibrin- and platelet-related fluorescent signal in the confocal micrographs.

Results
Regression analysis of the fibrin and platelet coverage in the course of the 24-week storage excluded the possibility for increase in the graft thrombogenicity in the course of time and supported the hypothesis for a descending trend in fibrin generation and platelet deposition on the arterial wall. The fibrin deposition in the cryopreserved samples did not exceed the level detected in any of the three layers of the native graft. However, an early (up to week 12) shift above the native sample level was observed in the platelet adhesion to the media.

Conclusions
The hemostatic potential of cryopreserved arterial allografts was retained, whereas their thrombogenic potential declined during the 6-month storage. The only transient prothrombotic change was observed in the media layer, where the platelet deposition exceeded that of the fresh native grafts in the initial twelve weeks after cryopreservation, suggesting a potential clinical benefit from antiplatelet therapy in this time-window.
Las máquinas de la familia
Authors: Ybarra Pérez Josep-Antoni 
Published: July 2021

"Aún no se lo he dicho a mi abuela ni a mi madre. Imagino que cuando les diga que voy a empeñarme y comprar un buen ordenador para quedarme a trabajar en casa, se acordarán de sus máquinas, la de aparar y la de escribir. En esas máquinas está la historia de sus vidas, la historia de mi familia. Es posible que con el ordenador que compre, continúe la historia de la familia. Si bien espero que ahora la historia sea distinta..."
DRYING OF THE NEW WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER COMPLEX OF ALBENDAZOL WITH PECTIN
Authors: Abdurazakov Askar Sheralievich 
Published: July 2021

The drying process of the aqueous solution of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) in a vacuum oven and by spray drying was studied. It was found that the drying in a nozzle-type spray dryer is preferable in yield and subsequent solubility of the final product. As a result of the studying of the parameters affecting to the drying process, the optimal mode of the dryer was established, which provides the high yield of the dry product: the temperature of the coolant at the inlet is 130–140 °С, the output is 60–70 °С, the solution flow rate is 2.5 l/h·min. The yield of the dry product is 85%.
The comparative IR spectra of Alpec powder after spray drying, after drying in air, the starting Albendazole and pectin unambiguously indicate that the structure of the complex of Albendazole with pectin (Alpec) is identical after different types of drying.
The biological activity of Alpec dry substance after spray drying compared with Albendazole was studied. The increased biological activity of Alpec compared with Albendazole was established, which can, probably, be explained by the good water solubility of Alpec in contrast to Albendazole and, as a consequence, the increase of bioavailability of the drug. It was found that the average lethal dose of Alpec (LD50) is 680 (601.8–768.4) mg·kg-1 (LD50 Albendazole - 400.2–450.4 mg·kg-1), i.e. the drug "Alpec" in terms of acute toxicity during intragastric use is classified as moderately hazardous substances.
On the base of the results obtained, the technology of the obtaining of the anthelmintic drug alpec substance in the form of a water-soluble dry powder has been developed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF CATECHINS IN FRUITS OF NEW VNIISPK BREEDING APPLE VARIETIES AND IN THEIR PROCESSING PRODUCTS
Authors: Levgerova Nadezhda Stanislavovna , Salina Elena Sergeyevna , Makarkina Margarita Alekseyevna 
Published: July 2021

Apple is a supplier of raw materials for processing as a leader in industrial horticulture. Apple preserves keep to a large extent useful properties of fresh fruits. The aim of this study was to review multi-year data of catechin content in fruits and processing products of 36 new VNIISPK breeding apple varieties.
The average content of catechin in fruits of new varieties was 141.9±4.9 mg/100 g while cultivar variation was from 91 mg/100 g in Ven'yaminovskoe to 243 mg/100 g in Zaryanka (V=21.0%). The catechin content in all types of processing was lower than in fresh fruits. The catechin content of processing products remained at an average of about a third of catechin quantity in apples. The catechin content decreased in series: juice→compote→preserves of apples and jam, since their preservation is greatly influenced by the increase in temperature during the processing of raw materials (r = -0.78 *). The absence of reliable direct correlation between the initial amount of catechin in the fruits and in the processing products confirms the importance of variety selection which keep a high level of catechin during processing.
APPLICATION OF INTEGRAL QUALITY INDICATORS OF WASTEWATERS FOR INPRODUCTION ECOLOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL CONTROL OF CELLULOSE PRODUCTION
Authors: Bogolitsyn Konstantin Grigor'yevich , Moskalyuk Evgeniya Anatol'yevna , Kostogorov Nikolay Mikhaylovich , Shulginа Elena Valer'yevna , Ivanchenko Nikolay Leonidovich 
Published: July 2021

The influence of technological factors (wood species, degree of delignification, the technological regime of pulping) of cellulose semi-products production on composition and qualitative properties of wastewaters of pulp and paper mills following priority of harmonizing of technological and ecological rationing of industrial enterprises. The features of the biopolymer’s composition of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix of coniferous and deciduous species, its functional nature, and self-organization were provided. The main paths of chemical bond destruction in the lignin-carbohydrate complex during delignification and formation of the composition of organic fractions in local wastewaters were shown. The implementation of complementary indicators (COD, BOD5, general and organic carbon, the content of lignin, and volatile phenols) for in-house ecological and analytical control and rationing was substantiated. The dependence of integral indicator COD from the content of fractions of organic components from wastewaters was established. These components are products of destruction and chemical transformation of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix of deciduous and coniferous wood produced during delignification. The composition and the main phenolic components of wastewaters were determined by gas chromatography with mass detection. The correctness of worldwide practice of using "phenolic index" in the system of in-house control of pulp and paper mill was justified.
INCREASE IN THE YIELD OF CINNAMIC ACIDS DERIVATIVES FROM ECHINACEA AS A RESULT OF WEAK ACOUSTIC EFFECTS
Authors: Ipanova Elizaveta Mikhailovna , Zarembo Daria Viktorovna , Vedernikov Dmitriy Nikolayevich 
Published: July 2021

The article describes the option of intensification extraction process from the Echinacea purpurea. The effect of acoustic exposure (modulation of stretching) on an increase in the yield of extractives during the extraction of Echinaceae herbs with a 40% aqueous solution of ethanol is discussed.
The extraction results were evaluated by the solid residue, the optical density of the solution. The yield of extractive substances is increased 1.5 times by generating a specific electrical signal in the form of a meander with a certain frequency range 350 kHz and amplitude 3 V. The yield of extractives is calculated on the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids. The best extraction time is determined. The results obtained allow us to hope for a reduction in the preparation time of extracts in the existing production of Echinacea tincture, where 40% ethanol is used and the infusion time exceeds 2 days. In further work, attention will be focused on finding optimal extraction conditions when using 70% ethanol and hot water, solvents used in a number of industries. Studying the effect of the solvent on extraction may allow us to get closer to explaining the observed phenomenon.
ANTI-INFLUENZA ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS OF THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Protsenko Mariya Anatol'yevna , Mazurkova Natal'ya Alekseyevna , Filippova Ekaterina Igorevna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna , Lobanova Irina Evgen'yevna , Pshenichkina Yuliya Anatol'yevna , Vysochina Galina Ivanovna 
Published: July 2021

In this work, it was revealed that water and ethanol extracts of the plants Nepeta cataria, Nepeta sibirica, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, and water extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha arvensis, Prunella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis ethanol extracts of Mentha piperita, Mentha crispa, Origanum vulgare, Hyssopus officinalis, Salvia verticillata showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus subtype H5N1. Aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria and Glechoma hederacea (NI 3.75) showed the highest antiviral effect against the H5N1 subtype.
It was revealed the antiviral activity against influenza virus subtype H3N2 of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Mentha piperita, Mentha arvensis, Mentha crispa, aqueous extract of Dracocephalum moldavica and ethanol extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Hyssopus officinalis, Betonica officinalis, Salvia verticillata. Ethanolic extract of Betonica officinalis (NI 4.25) showed the highest virus neutralizing activity against the H3N2 subtype.
It was carried out chemical analysis of the aerial parts of plants of the Lamiaceae family. It was shown that the highest content of flavonols was observed in Dracocephalum nutans (4.47±0.04%), the highest content of tannins was found in Mentha arvensis (17.62 ± 0.78%), and the highest content catechins were found in Nepeta cataria (0.43 ± 0.007%).
Thus, plant extracts of the Lamiaceae family are promising sources for further studies to develop new antiviral drugs.
PREPARATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIALS WITH A GIVEN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Ilyicheva Tat'yana Nikolayevna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich 
Published: July 2021

A significant effect on the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was not an increase in the content of bap from BA 1.0 to 10.0 μM, but the introduction of auxins of NAA 1.0 μM + IBA 0.1 μM. Auxins in combination with cytokinin BA increased the amount of acids by an average of 20% in alcoholic (1.9±0.2%) and aqueous (1.46±0.06%) extracts from Iris sibirica raw materials. The maximum yield of extractive substances, including tannins (4.4±0.3%) was observed when growing raw materials on media with a BA content of 2.5–5.0 μM, the lowest value was obtained with a BA of 10.0 μM. The introduction of auxins (NAA 1.0 μM + IBA 0.1 μM) did not significantly affect the dynamics of the accumulation of tannins.
Screening of the chemical composition of medicinal plant raw materials Origanum vulgare and Salvia officinalis obtained by biotechnology methods showed the presence of flavonoids of 1.6±0.1% and 3.2±0.04%, hydroxycinnamic acids of 7.4% and 13.4% at a.s.s., respectively.
Antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.02-0.04 mg/ml against Sporosarcina ureae, Bacillus pumilus, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus was pronounced in the hexane extract of Salvia officinalis. Ethanol extract of sage was active against Salmonella typhimurium. Ethanol extracts of Iris sibirica and Salvia officinalis showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, MIC-0.35 and 0.16 mg / ml, respectively. Siberian iris suppressed Bacillus pumilus at MIC-0.7 mg / ml. The largest amount of extractive substances was extracted from the raw materials of Origanum vulgare with an aqueous-glycerol mixture – 21.5±0.2 % per a. s. s. Against Salmonella typhimurium, the extracts showed antibiotic activity with MIC – 1.2 mg/ml.
Entradas al mundo político: Factores de politización en el devenir militante de jóvenes chaqueñxs (2000–2011)
Authors: Campusano Marina Noemí 
Published: July 2021

En las páginas que siguen reconstruimos las trayectorias individuales y colectivas de jóvenes militantes a fin de identificar aquellos ámbitos sociales que los y las iniciaron en la práctica política y colaboraron en su socialización y formación militante. Nos preguntamos entonces: ¿cuáles fueron los factores que influyeron en su politización?, ¿cómo se caracterizan las experiencias, actores y contextos que los y las llevaron a meterse en la política partidaria? A partir de estas inquietudes revisamos, desde entrevistas en profundidad, quiénes son y de dónde vienen, sus historias y entornos familiares, amistades y lugares de transición.
Lo analizado invita a la reflexión sobre el proceso de configuración de la y el militante político, atendiendo a los diversos factores que intervienen en su devenir político. El trabajo muestra que el acceso al campo político no se da por una sola vía. Se trata de incursiones variadas y en distintos momentos de sus trayectos vitales.
Marriage as a Mechanism of Internalizing Externalities: A Case of Smoking
Authors: You Jane J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the view of marriage as a legal institution to internalize externalities, I examine the effect of marriage on smoking. From analyzing the data of Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I found that unmarried individuals are more likely to smoke by 4.9% point than married individuals with stronger impact on females. The long-run impact of marriage also shows that the unmarried individuals smoke more than married individuals but some of its positive impact diminishes within two years. These results on the whole imply that marriage internalizes the negative externalities of smoking and thus leads smokers to reduce smoking.
Prediction of corrosion rates of a ship under the flow accelerated corrosion mechanism
Authors: Liu Yingwei , Liu Haodian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to reveal the corrosion of a ship hull in flowing seawater, which is difficult to study under experimental conditions, a numerical method was adopted. Firstly, the numerical model of seawater flow field around the hull was established and computed, and the hydraulic characteristics of the flow field such as velocity, pressure, and oxygen concentration distribution were got. The distribution of oxygen has a great influence on corrosion. Generally speaking, where the oxygen concentration is higher, the corrosion rate is higher. The results show that the oxygen concentration is higher at the rear of the hull bottom surface. Next, a corrosion model was founded based on the above calculation. Through the calculation of the corrosion model, the mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate distribution on the hull surface were obtained and the final conclusion was got flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) mechanism was revealed. The conclusion is as follows: Comparatively speaking, the corrosion rate of the middle and rear part of the bottom and the middle part of the sideboard is higher. Generally speaking, the corrosion rate increases with the increase of flow rate.
Insights into structure, affinity, specificity, and function of GAG-protein interactions through the chemoenzymatic preparation of defined sulfated oligohyaluronans
Authors: Schiller Jürgen , Lemmnitzer Katharina , Dürig Jan-Niklas , Rademann Jörg 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
High amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) such as hyaluronan (HA) occur in connective tissues. There is nowadays increasing evidence that a “sulfation code” exists which mediates numerous GAG functions. High molecular weight and inhomogeneity of GAG, however, aggravated detailed studies. Thus, synthetic oligosaccharides were urgently required. We will review here chemoenzymatic and analytic strategies to provide defined sulfated and anomerically modified GAG oligosaccharides of the HA type. Representative studies of protein/GAG interactions by (bio)chemical and biophysical methods are reported yielding novel insights into GAG-protein binding. Finally, the biological conclusions and in vivo applications of defined sulfated GAG oligosaccharides will be discussed.
Kinetic studies of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furfural formation and change of the absorption at 420 nm in fruit juices for the improvement of pasteurization plants
Authors: Katsch Linda , Methner Frank-Jürgen , Schneider Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Preservation of juices is essential to obtain microbial safe products. There are various established methods as pasteurization. Heretofore, only the kinetic figures of microbial inactivation were considered but not those of reaction impairing the chemical quality. For a gentler processing, knowledge of the kinetics of relevant chemical conversion reactions is necessary. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-furfural (HMF) formation and the color change of juices are important attributes. The non-isothermal Rhim method was used to determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for HMF formation in different juices and an isothermal method for the reaction order. Values for the activation energy from 133 to 303 kJ/mol were obtained with a zeroth reaction order. A correlation between HMF and the color change could be found. Based on the kinetic figures, lines with equal effects for the chemical changes and for the lethal effect on microorganisms were calculated. Time-temperature settings for the gentlest treatment could be found.