bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochrome interacting factor 3 regulates pollen mitotic division through auxin signalling and sugar metabolism pathways in tomato
Authors: Yang Dandan , Liu Yue , Ali Muhammad , Ye Lei , Pan Changtian , Li Mengzhuo , Zhao Xiaolin , Yu Fangjie , Zhao Xinai , Lu Gang 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The development of viable pollen determines male fertility, and is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3) acts as a central regulator of plant growth and development, but its relationship with pollen development has not been determined.

Through genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses, we identified an essential role for SlPIF3 in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen development. Knocking out SlPIF3 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 resulted in pollen mitosis I arrest, and a failure to form viable pollen. We further demonstrated that both glutamate synthase 1 (SlGLT1) and cell wall invertase 9 (SlCWIN9), involved in auxin and sugar homeostasis, respectively, colocalised with SlPIF3 in the anthers and were directly regulated by SlPIF3. Knockout of either SlGLT1 or SlCWIN9 phenocopied the pollen phenotype of SlPIF3 knockout (Slpif3) lines.

Slpif3 fertility was partially restored by exogenous auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid in a dose‐dependent manner.

This study reveals a mechanism by which SlPIF3 regulates pollen development and highlights a new strategy for creating hormone‐regulated genic male sterile lines for tomato hybrid seed production.
Performance Analysis of a Novel Cascade Vapor Compression System for Small-Scale Desalination and Cooling
Authors: Alkhulaifi Yousif M. , Alsadah Jihad H. , Mokheimer Esmail M. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The demand for improving living standards has led to increasing freshwater consumption and comfort cooling, requiring significant performance improvements. In this regard, a novel and efficient cascade refrigeration system (CRS) for simultaneous generation of considerable freshwater and cooling effect is proposed. The system does not require dedicated components for desalinating seawater because it is a by-product of the proposed CRS. Utilizing the cascade configuration enhances energy efficiency by lowering the compression work while improving energy recovery by utilizing the heat rejected from the condenser of low-temperature cycle to vaporize seawater for desalination in the evaporator of the high-temperature cycle of the proposed cascade system. A mathematical model of the innovative system based on thermodynamic and economic principles has been developed and utilized to predict the proposed system's thermal performance and cost-savings. A comprehensive analysis has been conducted to study the effect of multiple parameters such as the evaporator, condenser, and brine boiling temperatures. The main studied parameters were coefficient of performance (COP), gain output ratio (GOR), freshwater production, and total cost-savings. For a 10 tons of refrigeration (TR) unit, the freshwater production was between 56.11 and 73.36 kg/h, with cost-savings reaching 2226 US$/year. It was found that the freshwater production increased with condenser and brine boiling temperature but decreased with evaporator temperature. The COP improvement can be as much as 26% over the reference cooling system without desalination.
Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area decreases with age and sunglasses use
Authors: Lingham Gareth , Kugelman Jason , Charng Jason , Lee Samantha SY , Yazar Seyhan , McKnight Charlotte M , Coroneo Minas T , Lucas Robyn M , Brown Holly , Stevenson Louis J , Mackey David A , Alonso-Caneiro David 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundConjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) is a method of detecting conjunctival damage related to ultraviolet radiation exposure. In cross-sectional studies, CUVAF area is positively associated with self-reported time spent outdoors and pterygium and negatively associated with myopia; however, longitudinal studies are scarce.AimsTo use a novel deep learning-based tool to assess 8-year change in CUVAF area in young adults, investigate factors associated with this change and identify the number of new onset pterygia.MethodsA deep learning-based CUVAF tool was developed to measure CUVAF area. CUVAF area and pterygium status were assessed at three study visits: baseline (participants were approximately 20 years old) and at 7-year and 8-year follow-ups. Participants self-reported sun protection behaviours and ocular history.ResultsCUVAF data were available for 1497 participants from at least one study visit; 633 (43%) participants had complete CUVAF data. Mean CUVAF areas at baseline and the 7-year and 8-year follow-ups were 48.4, 39.3 and 37.7 mm2, respectively. There was a decrease in mean CUVAF area over time (change in total CUVAF area=−0.96 mm2per year (95% CI: −1.07 to –0.86)). For participants who wore sunglasses ≥1/2 of the time, CUVAF area decreased by an additional −0.42 mm2per year (95% CI: −0.72 to –0.12) on average. Fourteen (1.5%) participants developed a pterygium.ConclusionsIn this young adult cohort, CUVAF area declined over an 8-year period. Wearing sunglasses was associated with a faster reduction in CUVAF area. Deep learning-based models can assist in accurate and efficient measurement of CUVAF area.
Cigarette dependence is more prevalent and increasing among US adolescents and adults who use cannabis, 2002–2019
Authors: Weinberger Andrea H , Dierker Lisa , Zhu Jiaqi , Levin Jacob , Goodwin Renee D 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceCannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers. If cannabis use is associated with cigarette dependence, a barrier to smoking cessation, this could have public health implications for tobacco control. The current study estimated the prevalence of cigarette dependence among US individuals who smoke cigarettes by cannabis use status, and investigated trends in cigarette dependence from 2002 to 2019 among cigarette smokers by cannabis use status and cigarette consumption (ie, cigarettes per day, CPD).MethodsData were drawn from the 2002–2019 annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health and included US individuals aged 12+ years who used cigarettes at least once in the past month (n=231 572). Logistic regression was used to estimate the prevalence of cigarette dependence, measured as time to first cigarette <30 min, by past-month cannabis use (no use, non-daily use, daily use), and to estimate trends in cigarette dependence from 2002 to 2019 overall and stratified by cannabis use and smoking level (light, 1–5 CPD; moderate, 6–15 CPD; heavy, 16+ CPD).ResultsAcross all levels of cigarette use, cigarette dependence was significantly more common among individuals with daily cannabis use compared with those with non-daily or no cannabis use. From 2002 to 2019, cigarette dependence increased among cigarette smokers with non-daily cannabis use, and among light and moderate cigarette smokers with no cannabis use.ConclusionsUS individuals who use both cigarettes and cannabis report a higher prevalence of cigarette dependence relative to individuals who use cigarettes and do not use cannabis at virtually all levels of cigarette consumption. Further, cigarette dependence is increasing in the USA both among those who use and do not use cannabis. Given the increase in cannabis use among those using cigarettes, efforts to elucidate the nature of the association between cannabis and cigarette dependence are needed.
All post-Cambrian ichnospecies of
Psammichnites
Torell, 1870 belong to
Olivellites
Fenton and Fenton, 1937
b
Authors: Pazos Pablo J. , Gutiérrez Carolina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The ichnogenus
Psammichnites
herein restricted to
Psammichnites gigas
is based on comparison of morphology, feeding behaviour, contrast between the burrows and the host rock and possible producers. The record of siphonal activity as a ‘snorkel device’ is discussed. The diagnosis of the ichnogenus
Olivellites
now is amended and includes all the records of
Psammichnites
in the post-Cambrian.
Olivellites
is now documented in successions other than the classical tidal flat facies of the Carboniferous of the USA. We propose that the producer of
Olivellites
was an animal with capacity for displacement to different shallow infaunal levels for different feeding strategies. An interpretation of detritus feeding behaviour with sediment displacement (pasichnia) is favoured here. The producer of
Olivellites
was likely a bivalved mollusc that evolved after the Late Ordovician mass extinction. It was euryhaline and lived in a broad bathymetric range, and is recorded in temperate to glacially related successions. The material of
Olivellites implexus
from western Argentina is the youngest record of the ichnogenus from Western Gondwana.
Dactyloidites ottoi
(Geinitz, 1849) in Bahamian Pleistocene carbonates: a shallowest-marine indicator
Authors: Curran H. Allen , Glumac Bosiljka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The rosetted trace fossil
Dactyloidites ottoi
(
Geinitz, 1849
) is reported and described for the first time from late Pleistocene (MIS 5e) carbonates of the Bahama Archipelago in shallowing-upward, shelly calcarenites from Great Inagua and Great and Little Exuma islands. The distinctive, fan-shaped
D. ottoi
specimens from the Bahamas, while not preserved in fine detail and not revealing a shaft, compare favourably in shape and size with specimens from other localities around the world, including the oldest well-documented specimens from the Jurassic of Argentina.
D. ottoi
is interpreted as a fodinichnion formed by the activity of a deposit-feeding worm, probably a polychaete, consuming marine-plant remains within host sediment. The late Pleistocene palaeodepositional environment of these carbonate sediments is interpreted as within the lower foreshore–upper shoreface zone in full marine, tropical waters. This discovery of
D. ottoi
marks an addition to the Bahamian shallow-marine ichnocoenose within the Skolithos ichnofacies.
Current and Future Clinical Applications of ctDNA in Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Stadler Julia-Christina , Belloum Yassine , Deitert Benjamin , Sementsov Mark , Heidrich Isabel , Gebhardt Christoffer , Keller Laura , Pantel Klaus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Testing peripheral blood for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive opportunity to diagnose, characterize, and monitor the disease in individual cancer patients. ctDNA can reflect the actual tumor burden and specific genomic state of disease and thus might serve as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Recent studies in various cancer entities (e.g., melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, and urothelial cancer) have shown that sequential ctDNA analyses allow for the identification of responders to ICI therapy, with a significant lead time to imaging. ctDNA assessment may also help distinguish pseudoprogression under ICI therapy from real progression. Developing dynamic changes in ctDNA concentrations as a potential surrogate endpoint of clinical efficacy in patients undergoing adjuvant immunotherapy is ongoing. Besides overall ctDNA burden, further ctDNA characterization can help uncover tumor-specific determinants (e.g., tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability) of responses or resistance to immunotherapy. In future studies, standardized ctDNA assessments need to be included in interventional clinical trials across cancer entities to demonstrate the clinical utility of ctDNA as a biomarker for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Association of B Vitamins and Methionine Intake with the Risk of Gastric Cancer: The Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study
Authors: Khairan Paramita , Sobue Tomotaka , Eshak Ehab Salah , Zha Ling , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Yamaji Taiki , Iso Hiroyasu , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine might associate with carcinogenesis due to their role in DNA synthesis and methylation. Owing to the previous inconsistent findings on gastric cancer risk, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary intakes of B vitamins and methionine and the risk of gastric cancer, according to sodium intake.

We included 86,820 Japanese individuals who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire with 138 food items in the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of gastric cancer according to separate intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine after adjusting for confounding factors, including Helicobacter pylori and atrophic gastritis in the subgroup analysis.

We identified 2,269 gastric cancer cases within a median of 15.4 years of follow-up. We found no association between any of the dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, or methionine with the risk of gastric cancer. In the stratified analysis by sodium intake, we observed a positive association between folate intake and risk of gastric cancer among participants with a high sodium intake (≥4.5 g/day) [HR = 1.28 (95% CI, 1.06–1.56), Ptrend = 0.001; Pinteraction = 0.02]. Meanwhile, there was no association between folate intake and risk of gastric cancer among participants with low sodium intake (&lt;4.5 g/day) [HR = 0.94 (95% CI, 0.73–1.21), Ptrend = 0.49].

In conclusion, we found no association between any dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine with the risk of gastric cancer.

Prevention Relevance:
The increased intake of B vitamins and methionine in populations with adequate dietary intake of these nutrients showed no association with the risk of gastric cancer.
Multiple Brain Sources Are Differentially Engaged in the Inhibition of Distinct Action Types
Authors: Hervault Mario , Zanone Pier-Giorgio , Buisson Jean-Christophe , Huys Raoul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most studies contributing to identify the brain network for inhibitory control have investigated the cancelation of prepared–discrete actions, thus focusing on an isolated and short-lived chunk of human behavior. Aborting ongoing–continuous actions is an equally crucial ability but remains little explored. Although discrete and ongoing–continuous rhythmic actions are associated with partially overlapping yet largely distinct brain activations, it is unknown whether the inhibitory network operates similarly in both situations. Thus, distinguishing between action types constitutes a powerful means to investigate whether inhibition is a generic function. We, therefore, used independent component analysis (ICA) of EEG data and show that canceling a discrete action and aborting a rhythmic action rely on independent brain components. The ICA showed that a delta/theta power increase generically indexed inhibitory activity, whereas N2 and P3 ERP waves did so in an action-specific fashion. The action-specific components were generated by partially distinct brain sources, which indicates that the inhibitory network is engaged differently when canceling a prepared–discrete action versus aborting an ongoing–continuous action. In particular, increased activity was estimated in precentral gyri and posterior parts of the cingulate cortex for action canceling, whereas an enhanced activity was found in more frontal gyri and anterior parts of the cingulate cortex for action aborting. Overall, the present findings support the idea that inhibitory control is differentially implemented according to the type of action to revise.
Can Remote Virtual Simulation Improve Practice-Based Training? Presence and Performance in Incident Commander Education
Authors: Hammar Wijkmark Cecilia , Heldal Ilona , Metallinou Maria-Monika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An incident commander (IC) is expected to take command in any incident to mitigate consequences for humans, property, and the environment. To prepare for this, practice-based training in realistic simulated situations is necessary. Usually this is conducted in live simulation (LS) at dedicated (physical) training grounds or in virtual simulation (VS) situations at training centers, where all participants are present at the same geographical space. COVID-19-induced restrictions on gathering of people motivated the development and use of remote virtual simulation (RVS) solutions. This article aims to provide an increased understanding of the implementation of RVS in the education of Fire Service ICs in Sweden. Data from observations, questionnaires, and interviews were collected during an RVS examination of two IC classes (43 participants) following an initial pilot study (8 participants). Experienced training values, presence, and performance were investigated. The results indicated that students experienced higher presence in RVS, compared with previous VS studies. This is likely due to the concentration of visual attention to the virtual environment and well-acted verbal counterplay. Although all three training methods (LS, VS, and RVS) are valuable, future research is needed to reveal their respective significant compromises, compared with real-life incidents.
The Expressive Value of Prosecuting Aged Defendants: A Rebuke of Ageism
Authors: Fisher Kirsten J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A common normative justification for criminal trials is their expressive value. The prosecution of aged defendants, especially those with deteriorating health, seemingly presents new expressive challenges, where the value of judging and punishing past wrongs seems to conflict with sympathies for the elderly, the seeming futility of prosecuting individuals who are unlikely to serve much of a sentence if convicted, and the seeming cruelty of putting the frail/ill through lengthy and taxing trials. Drawing from philosophical literature on respect for persons and the morality of aged-based differential treatment, this paper argues that deciding not to prosecute would be a communicative disservice to the old—defendants, living victims and those left behind, and other aged individuals within a society—by treating the aged as less agentic or as if their past lives and past actions, admirable or detestable, should no longer be associated with them, nor praised or condemned.
Later Rather Than Sooner: Time and Its Effects on the Karadžić and Mladić Trials
Authors: Vukušić Iva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić, the war-time Bosnian Serb leaders, were first indicted by the UN Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in 1995. The two hid for many years, with their trials starting only in 2009 and 2012, respectively, after they were apprehended in headline-generating operations. Their continued evasion of trial was constantly critiqued. After all, thousands were killed, tortured, detained, raped, expelled, and robbed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and these two men were widely seen as responsible. Pleas were made by survivors and frustration expressed on behalf of the victims, as many said, ‘justice delayed is justice denied’. However, as this article shows, the many years the two high-ranking individuals spent hiding were well-used to collect evidence which led to their convictions and life sentences. Contrary to conventional wisdom, delay can actually be beneficial in prosecuting leaders for atrocity crimes.
Courtroom 600: The (Virtual) Reality of Being There
Authors: Vos Renske , Stolk Sofia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although at least some of the concern with prosecuting aged defendants seems to lie with defendants not quite looking the part, reviews of historic Court buildings come out the other end with allusions to eminence, authenticity, tradition, history and gravitas. Exemplary is the Courtroom 600 Project, a vr experience of the Nuremberg Trials set in a virtual rendition of the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. Courtroom 600 remains today one of the major material referents in the histories of international law, representing the symbolic birthplace of International Criminal Law. The attraction of the Court moreover is such that the building has come to offer, as we would say, a legal sightseeing point of interest. In this piece, we pick up on the Courtroom 600 Project as capitalising on the interest with visiting the place ‘where it happened’, and pushing the boundaries of experiencing ‘being there’, where it happened.
‘The Court is Accommodating our Murderers’: Prosecuting Aged Defendants in Domestic Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Karcic Hikmet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina ended a quarter of a century ago, a large number of war crimes suspects are still being prosecuted. One of the visible issues arising in domestic courts are aged defendants, whose trials are delayed due to old age and illness. The aim of this article is to give an overview of case law and analyze the process of prosecuting aged defendants at the War Crimes Chamber within the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which carries the largest workload of war crimes cases in the region. This article focuses on two main aspects: portrayal of these cases in the media and the legal reasoning of the court.
Of Old Men, Country Clubs, and Atrocities: The Visualities and Externalities of Detaining Elderly Human Rights Violators in Chile
Authors: Davidson Caroline 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article explores a pair of powerful but competing symbols in the Chilean human transitional justice process: ‘pobres viejitos’ (poor little old men) and country club prisons. The symbol of the ‘pobres viejitos’ is used very effectively by conservative elements of Chilean society to argue the futility or even inhumanity of punishing perpetrators of human right violations so long after the commission of their crimes. In turn, to victims and more liberal segments of society, the country club or ‘five star’ prison for human rights violators stands as a symbol of impunity and the failure of the Chilean state to do justice for the crimes of the dictatorship. This article examines the power of these symbols in undermining support for transitional justice efforts, as well as the externalities of the debate. The fate of the ‘pobres viejitos’ and whether to release the from even their relatively comfortable places of confinement has bled into debates on penal reform for other elderly prisoners. This mostly negative externality suggests the need for international and regional courts (or countries not in the throes of transitional justice processes, particularly delayed ones) to lead the way on the articulation of human rights norms related to the trial and punishment of elderly prisoners.
An Age-Old Question: Optical (A)llusions, (In)Decency, and (In)Justice in the Trial of Japanese War Criminals
Authors: Sedgwick James Burnham 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Timing complicates all dimensions of post conflict redress. Moving too fast suggests prejudice. Going too slow delays accountability and closure. This paper challenges the temporal logic of international justice. The prosecution of aged defendants created aesthetical dilemmas for war crimes operations in post-World War ii Asia. The unsettling optical allusions of frail perpetrators in court — shadows of their former selves — left many observers conflicted: it looked indecent, it felt unjust and underwhelming. The unseemly punishment of weak defendants undercut prosecution attempts to brand perpetrators as monsters. Disappointed reporters and trial authorities fixated on the shabby dress, waning physique, and benign senescence of once-sinister villains. Few questioned the accused’s guilt. Many felt unnerved by the optics. Ultimately, this paper shows how the staging and performance of justice impacts a court’s effectiveness. Unrelenting accountability, bringing all war criminals to justice, feels right. Yet, the aesthetic complications of prosecuting aged accused may not be worth it.