bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of variable emissivity on lava flow propagation modeling
Authors: Thompson James O. , Ramsey Michael S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModeling lava flow propagation is important to determine potential hazards to local populations. Thermo-rheological models such as PyFLOWGO track downflow cooling and rheological responses for open-channel, cooling-limited flows. The dominant radiative cooling component is governed partly by the lava emissivity, which is a material property that governs the radiative efficiency. Emissivity is commonly treated as a constant in cooling models, but is shown here to vary with temperature. To establish the effect of temperature on emissivity, high spatiotemporal, multispectral thermal infrared data were acquired of a small flow emplaced from a tumulus. An inverse correlation between temperature and emissivity was found, which was then integrated into the PyFLOWGO model. Incorporating a temperature-dependent emissivity term results in a ∼5% increase in flow length and < 75% lower total cumulative heat flux for the small flow. To evaluate the scalability of this relationship, we applied the modified PyFLOWGO model to simulations of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone fissure 8 flow, emplaced between May 27 and June 3. Our model improves the emplacement match because of the ~ 30% lower heat flux resulting in a ∼7% longer flow compared to modeling using a constant emissivity (0.95). This 5–7% increase in length prior to ocean entry, realized by an accurate temperature-dependent emissivity term, is critical for developing the most accurate model of future flow hazard assessments, particularly if population centers lie in the flow’s path.
Phase transition of the 2-Choices dynamics on core–periphery networks
Authors: Cruciani Emilio , Natale Emanuele , Nusser André , Scornavacca Giacomo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2-Choices dynamics is a process that models voting behavior on networks and works as follows: Each agent initially holds either opinion blue or red; then, in each round, each agent looks at two random neighbors and, if the two have the same opinion, the agent adopts it. We study its behavior on a class of networks with core–periphery structure. Assume that a densely-connected subset of agents, the core, holds a different opinion from the rest of the network, the periphery. We prove that, depending on the strength of the cut between core and periphery, a phase-transition phenomenon occurs: Either the core’s opinion rapidly spreads across the network, or a metastability phase takes place in which both opinions coexist for superpolynomial time. The interest of our result, which we also validate with extensive experiments on real networks, is twofold. First, it sheds light on the influence of the core on the rest of the network as a function of its connectivity toward the latter. Second, it is one of the first analytical results which shows a heterogeneous behavior of a simple dynamics as a function of structural parameters of the network.
Laryngeal Sarcoidosis and Swallowing: What Do We Know About Dysphagia Assessment and Management in this Population?
Authors: Lovell Lindsay , Clunie Gemma M. , Al-Yaghchi Chadwan , Roe Justin , Sandhu Guri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology and laryngeal involvement is seen in a small percentage of cases. Dysphagia is a common but under-reported symptom. Little is known about how dysphagia typically presents or is managed in the context of this fluctuating disease. We present our case series using an SLT-led model of assessment and management.

Methods
A literature search was conducted for any articles that reported both laryngeal sarcoidosis and dysphagia. We then analysed a case series of laryngeal sarcoidosis patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital. We report on multidimensional swallowing evaluation and rehabilitative interventions.

Results
Seventeen papers report both laryngeal sarcoidosis and dysphagia, with only one paper giving details on the nature of the dysphagia and the treatment provided.
In our case series (n = 7), patients presented with FOIS Scores ranging from 5 to 7 pre-operatively (median = 6). Aspiration (median PAS Score = 6 and Range = 3–8) and pharyngeal residue were common. Sensory issues were also prevalent with most unaware of the extent of their difficulties. Management interventions included safe swallowing advice, compensatory strategies, exercises and close surveillance given their potential for repeated surgical interventions.

Conclusion
Laryngeal sarcoidosis is a rare condition. Dysphagia is under-reported and our experience highlights the need for specialist dysphagia intervention. Further research is required to understand dysphagia management requirements in the context of this fluctuating disease process.
Brattforsite, Mn19(AsO3)12Cl2, a new arsenite mineral related to magnussonite, from Brattforsgruvan, Nordmark, Värmland, Sweden
Authors: Holtstam Dan , Biagioni Cristian , Hålenius Ulf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrattforsite is an approved mineral (IMA2019-127), with ideal formula Mn19(AsO3)12Cl2. Associated minerals in the type specimen from the Brattfors mine, Nordmark (Värmland, Sweden) include jacobsite, alleghanyite, phlogopite, calcite and dolomite. Brattforsite, forming subhedral, mostly equant crystals up to 0.5 mm across, is orange to reddish-brown with a white streak, and translucent with a resinous to vitreous lustre. The fracture is uneven to subconchoidal, and no cleavage is observed. It is very weakly pleochroic in yellow, optically biaxial (–) with 2V = 44(5)° and has calculated mean refractive index of 1.981. Measured and calculated density values are 4.49(1) and 4.54(1) g·cm− 3, respectively. Chemical analyses yields (in wt%): MgO 0.62, CaO 1.26, MnO 48.66, FeO 0.13, As2O3 46.72, Cl 2.61, H2Ocalc 0.07, O ≡ Cl –0.59, sum 99.49, corresponding to the empirical formula (Mn17.67Ca0.58Mg0.40Fe0.05)∑18.70As12.17O35.90Cl1.90(OH)0.20, based on 38 (O + Cl + OH) atoms per formula unit. The five strongest Bragg peaks in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [d (Å), I (%), (hkl)]: 2.843,100, ($$ \overline{4} $$

4
-

44); 2.828, 99, (444); 1.731, 32, (880); 2.448, 28, (800); 1.739, 25, (088). Brattforsite is monoclinic and pseudotetragonal, space group I2/a, with unit-cell parameters a = 19.5806(7), b = 19.5763(7), c = 19.7595(7) Å, β = 90.393(3)°, V = 7573.9(5) Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved and refined to an R1 index of 3.4 % for 7445 reflections [Fo > 4σ(Fo)]. Brattforsite has the same overall structural topology as magnussonite (i.e., the species can be considered as homeotypic), but with 12 independent tetrahedrally coordinated As sites and 21 Mn sites with varying (4–8) coordination. The Mn-centered polyhedra, bonded through edge- and face-sharing, give rise to a three-dimensional framework. The (AsO3)3− groups are bonded to this framework through corner- and edge-sharing. Spectroscopic measurements (optical absorption, Raman, FTIR) carried out support the interpretation of the compositional and structural data.
Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Bovenzi Roberta , Conti Matteo , Cerroni Rocco , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Stefani Alessandro , Pisani Antonio , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Schirinzi Tommaso 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Adult-onset sporadic chorea includes a wide and heterogeneous group of conditions whose differential diagnosis and treatments are often challenging and extensive.

Objectives
To analyse retrospectively cases of adult-onset sporadic chorea from a single Italian centre to provide insights for a practical approach in the management of these patients.

Methods
A total of 11,071 medical charts from a 9-year period (2012–2020) were reviewed, identifying 28 patients with adult-onset sporadic chorea (genetic forms excluded). All available data regarding phenomenology, diagnostic workup, aetiology, treatments, and long-term outcome from this cohort were collected and analysed.

Results
Adult-onset sporadic chorea occurred more frequently in females and presented with an acute-subacute onset. Cerebrovascular diseases accounted for 68% of aetiology; further causes were structural brain lesions, internal diseases, and other movement disorder syndromes. Clinical course was mild, with spontaneous resolution or minimal disturbances in 82% of cases. Neuroimaging was fundamental to diagnose 76% of adult-onset sporadic chorea, an appropriate clinical examination contributed to the 14% of diagnoses, whereas basic laboratory tests to the 10%.

Conclusions
Revision of real-world data of adult-onset sporadic chorea patients from a single Italian cohort suggests that an accurate clinical examination, neuroimaging, and routine laboratory tests are useful to identify those cases underlying potentially severe but treatable conditions. Although in the majority of cases adult-onset sporadic chorea has mild clinical course and good response to symptomatic treatments, it is essential to run a fast diagnostic workup.
4-step, 2-h carboplatin desensitization in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Nishimura Meiko , Sakai Hideki , Onoe Takuma , Boku Shogen , Yokoyama Takaaki , Kadokura Genmu , Morita Satoshi , Katsumata Noriyuki , Matsumoto Koji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Carboplatin is a key drug for ovarian cancer. However, it sometimes induces hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) that result in the discontinuation of the treatment. Although various desensitization protocols have been reported in previous retrospective studies, a limited number of prospective studies have analyzed these protocols.

Methods
Patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer who experienced carboplatin-induced HSRs were treated with diluted solutions of 1/1000, 1/100, 1/10 and an undiluted solution of carboplatin over a 1-h period. If no HSRs occurred within the first two cycles, a short protocol regimen over a 30-min period per solution was followed. The primary endpoint was treatment completion rate.

Results
Between May 2015 and September 2018, 21 patients were enrolled from two institutions. One patient experienced platinum-sensitive recurrence after the desensitization protocol; thus, 22 sessions were analyzed. Epinephrine use, treatment-related death, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions did not occur. The median number of desensitization cycles was 6 (range 1–6). Two sessions were discontinued early because of grade 2 dysgeusia and grade 2 malaise. Treatment in two (9.1%) patients was discontinued because of HSR development. The treatment completion rate was 90.9%. Six (27.3%) sessions met the criteria for transition to the short protocol regimen. In 14 (63.6%) sessions, HSRs were observed during infusion of the undiluted solution. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 14.8 and 23.8 months, respectively.

Conclusion
This 4-step, 2-h carboplatin desensitization protocol is safe and feasible. Patients require careful monitoring with a rapid response to HSRs, especially during the administration of undiluted solutions.
Relative non-pluripolar product of currents
Authors: Vu Duc-Viet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet X be a compact Kähler manifold. Let $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

be closed positive currents of bi-degree (1, 1) on X and T an arbitrary closed positive current on X. We introduce the non-pluripolar product relative to T of $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

. We recover the well-known non-pluripolar product of $$T_1, \ldots , T_m$$

T
1

,
…
,

T
m

when T is the current of integration along X. Our main results are a monotonicity property of relative non-pluripolar products, a necessary condition for currents to be of relative full mass intersection in terms of Lelong numbers, and the convexity of weighted classes of currents of relative full mass intersection. The former two results are new even when T is the current of integration along X.
Parental Attachment Style and Young Persons’ Adjustment to Bereavement
Authors: Sochos Antigonos , Aleem Sadia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous clinical and theoretical work supports the idea that parental attachment style and complicated grief affect young persons’ mental health, but empirical research investigating their impact on young person’s adjustment to bereavement is lacking.

Objective
This study investigated the impact of parental attachment style and complicated grief on young person’s adjustment to bereavement. It was hypothesised that a) parental attachment anxiety, avoidance, and complicated grief would moderate the link between bereavement experience and psychological distress in young persons and b) parental attachment style would moderate the link between parental complicated grief and psychological distress experienced by bereaved young persons.

Method
This was a questionnaire-based case control study, involving two participant groups: 133 parents of young persons who had experienced the loss of the loved one and 101 parents of young persons with no bereavement experience.

Results
Bereaved young persons experienced greater externalising and internalising problems than the non-bereaved only when they were raised by an anxiously attached parent, but when parental attachment anxiety was low, bereaved children had fewer problems than the non-bereaved. When parental attachment avoidance was low, bereaved children also had fewer externalising problems than the non-bereaved. Among the bereaved, high levels of parental attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance amplified the link between parental complicated grief and child post-traumatic stress, while in the presence of low parental anxiety, complicated grief was negatively associated with an immediate distressing response and numbing-dissociative symptomatology.

Conclusions
Psychological vulnerability in bereaved young persons was associated with an insecure parental attachment style.
Analysing Time-Stamped Co-Editing Networks in Software Development Teams using git2net
Authors: Gote Christoph , Scholtes Ingo , Schweitzer Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractData from software repositories have become an important foundation for the empirical study of software engineering processes. A recurring theme in the repository mining literature is the inference of developer networks capturing e.g. collaboration, coordination, or communication from the commit history of projects. Many works in this area studied networks ofco-authorshipof software artefacts, neglecting detailed information on code changes and code ownership available in software repositories. To address this issue, we introduce , a scalable software that facilitates the extraction of fine-grainedco-editing networksin large repositories. It uses text mining techniques to analyse the detailed history of textual modificationswithinfiles. We apply our tool in two case studies using repositories of multiple Open Source as well as a proprietary software project. Specifically, we use data on more than 1.2 million commits and more than 25,000 developers to test a hypothesis on the relation between developer productivity and co-editing patterns in software teams. We argue that opens up an important new source of high-resolution data on human collaboration patterns that can be used to advance theory in empirical software engineering, computational social science, and organisational studies.
Dating with a Diagnosis: The Lived Experience of People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tabassum Kinza , Fox Jackie , Fuller Sara , Hynes Sinéad M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition which usually manifests between the ages of 20–40 years. This is a critical period for developing relationships, particularly romantic relationships. People with MS can experience sexual dysfunction, limb weakness, fatigue, pain, reduced mood and bladder/bowel dysfunction; potentially affecting their ability to participate in many meaningful activities, including those associated with romantic relationships, dating or engaging in sexual intercourse. Dating or starting romantic relationships can be difficult for people with physical disabilities as they can experience stigma, negative societal attitudes and the fear of requiring care from potential partners. Dating experiences of people with progressive conditions like MS have not been explored in detail. The aim of this study was to develop a rich understanding of how living with MS interacts with/influences dating and developing romantic relationships. The study used a descriptive phenomenological design and a purposive sampling strategy. Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method was used to analyze the data (Colaizzi, 1978). Five females and two males, aged 23–51, participated in two online focus groups. Dating with a diagnosis of MS is a highly personal phenomenon, characterized by individual differences in values and experiences. Core to the phenomenon was personal decision-making about disclosure of the diagnosis and ongoing adaptation to the fluctuating nature of the condition with partners in new/developing relationships. The findings will help health professionals working with adults with MS understand this important aspect of their lives.
Hybrid institutional complexes in global governance
Authors: Abbott Kenneth W. , Faude Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost issue areas in world politics today are governed neither by individual institutions nor by regime complexes composed of formal interstate institutions. Rather, they are governed by “hybrid institutional complexes” (HICs) comprising heterogeneous interstate, infra-state, public–private and private transnational institutions, formal and informal. We develop the concept of the HIC as a novel descriptive and analytical lens for the study of contemporary global governance. The core structural difference between HICs and regime complexes is the greater diversity of institutional forms within HICs. Because of that diversity, HICs operate differently than regime complexes in two significant ways: (1) HICs exhibit relatively greater functional differentiation among their component institutions, and hence suffer from relatively fewer overlapping claims to authority; and (2) HICs exhibit greater informal hierarchy among their component institutions, and hence benefit from greater ordering. Both are systemic features. HICs have characteristic governance benefits: they offer good “substantive fit” for multi-faceted governance problems and good “political fit” for the preferences of diverse constituents; constrain conflictive cross-institutional strategies; and are conducive to mechanisms of coordination, which enhance substantive coherence. Yet HICs also pose characteristic governance risks: individual institutions may take on aspects of problems for which they are ill-suited; multiple institutions may create confusion; HICs can amplify conflict and contestation rather than constraining them; and the “soft” institutions within HICs can reduce the focality of incumbent treaties and intergovernmental organizations and forestall the establishment of new ones. We outline a continuing research agenda for exploring the structures, operations and governance implications of HICs.
The effect of colonization dynamics in competition for space in metacommunities
Authors: Arroyo-Esquivel Jorge , Marculis Nathan G. , Hastings Alan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the main factors that determines habitat suitability for sessile and territorial organisms is the presence or absence of another competing individual in that habitat. This type of competition arises in populations occupying patches in a metacommunity. Previous studies have looked at this process using a continuous-time modeling framework, where colonizations and extinctions occur simultaneously. However, different colonization processes may be performed by different species, which may affect the metacommunity dynamics. We address this issue by developing a discrete-time framework that describes these kinds of metacommunity interactions, and we consider different colonization dynamics. To understand potential dynamics, we consider specific functional forms that characterize the colonization and extinction processes of metapopulations competing for space as their limiting factor. We then provide a mathematical analysis of the models generated by this framework, and we compare these results to what is seen in nature and in previous models.
Design of a hollow cathode thruster: concepts, parameter study and initial test results
Authors: Gondol Norman , Tajmar Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo electric propulsion concepts have been developed at Technische Universität Dresden as spin-off devices of regular hollow cathodes and initial testing has been conducted. Both devices represent millinewton thrusters that take advantage of thermionic electron emission using the low work function materials C12A7, LaB6, and thoriated tungsten in different design configurations. The first concept represents an electrothermal thruster which generates thrust by expanding and accelerating a heated propellant in a nozzle. Initial thrust measurement tests were carried out which showed thrust levels well above cold gas thrust, but low thrust efficiencies. The influence of different geometric parameters on the discharge properties and the performance is investigated and presented. The second thruster concept is a novel electromagnetic device in which charge carriers in a plasma discharge are accelerated by an applied magnetic field that is orthogonally oriented to the discharge current. Initial tests with C12A7 were not successful, but the functionality of the concept was shown by thrust measurements using a thoriated tungsten wire as an electron emitter.
On two problems concerning Eberlein compacta
Authors: Marciszewski Witold 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe discuss two problems concerning the class Eberlein compacta, i.e., weakly compact subspaces of Banach spaces. The first one deals with preservation of some classes of scattered Eberlein compacta under continuous images. The second one concerns the known problem of the existence of nonmetrizable compact spaces without nonmetrizable zero-dimensional closed subspaces. We show that the existence of such Eberlein compacta is consistent with . We also show that it is consistent with that each Eberlein compact space of weight$$> \omega _1$$>ω1contains a nonmetrizable closed zero-dimensional subspace.