bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Growing Media and Planting Distances on the Growth and Yield of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Grown in Plastic Tubes
Authors: Mustafa M A , AbdulRahman H B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study is conducted in the unheated greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University during the two seasons 2020-2021. It aims to know the effect of growth medium and planting distances on growth and yield of three varieties of strawberry with a diameter of 6 inches. The study includes three factors, the first factor is media at three levels which are the loamy soil only, the loamy soil + peat moss and peat moss only, The second factor is planting distances which include three distances, 15, 20 and 25 cm between one plant and another, The third factor is the varieties which include three varieties, namely Camarosa, Sweet Charlie and Ruby gem. The experiment is implemented by designing randomized complete sectors according to the split-split plot design with three replicates, each replicate containing three tubes with a diameter of 6 inches, length of each tube 6 meters and each tube containing three experimental units. Thus, each replicate contains 9 experimental units with a length of 2 meters, the growth medium was set in the main plots and the planting distances in the sub-plots, while the cultivars took the sub-sub-plots The most important results can be summarized as follows: Peat moss is significantly superior in the characteristics of average number of leaves, leaf area, average number of flowers, total soluble solids, and total acidity, amounting to 21.95 leaf plant-1, 753.6 cm2, 20.22 flower plant-1, 9.119 and 1.335%, respectively. Ruby gem variety significantly outperformed in the characteristics of average number of leaves, leaf area, average number of flowers, and total soluble solids percentage, amounting to 19.65 leaf plant-1, 594.6 cm2, 20.22 flower plant-1 and 8.537%, respectively; while the verities have not differed significantly among themselves in the total acidity ratio. The distance D3 is significantly superior in the average number of leaves and leaf area, amounting to 18.73 leaf plant-1, 577.2 cm2. On the other hand, the distance D2 is superior in the two characteristics, namely the average number of flowers and the percentage of total soluble solids amounting to 19.70 flower plant-1 and 8.156%, while no significant differences are observed in the characteristic of the total acidity percentage.
Response of Wheat Crop to Biofertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Under Salinity Stress
Authors: Majeed R E , Attiya H J , Rasheed F T 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was done to evaluated the PGPMs (Rhizobium ciceriCP-93 +Azospirillum brasilense+Trichoderma harzianum.+Pseudomonas fluorescence+Bacillus megaterium)+ 25% chemical fertilizer under salinity stress for four levels. S0 ((2.7 − 3.4) dS/m, S1(4.5 − 5), S2 (7 − 9) and S3 (10 − 15) dS/m. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out in the plant protection directorate/ministry of agriculture/Abu-ghreeb/Baghdad. In 2018 - 2019, using IPA 99 wheat cultivar. laboratory Experiment demonstrated, the ability of the microorganisms used in this study, to growth and survive normally and similar to the control treatment under salinity stress in vitro for three concentration of drainage water (5, 10, 15) dS/cm. Results of field experiment showed, T6(Rhizobium ciceriCP-93 +Azospirillum brasilense+Trichoderma harzianum.+Pseudomonas fluorescence+Bacillus megaterium+ 25% chemical fertilizer) and T4(Rhizobium ciceriCP-93 +Azospirillum brasilense+Pseudomonas fluorescence+Bacillus megaterium+25% chemical fertilizer) recorded significant increased in the number of spike, number of spikletes, number of tillers and length of spike in the S1 and S2, comparison with other treatments. T6 recorded significant increase in the weight of 1000 seed in both S1 and S2 with (38.5, 38) g respectively, and in the yield of crop of one meter T6 and T4 recorded significant increase over other treatments, with 435 g/m2and 421 g/m2respectively in S1and (335, 330) g/m2in S2.T6 also recorded significant increase in harvest index in both levels 27.23 % in S1 and 26 % in S2. results also showed there were no seed germination in S3, and there are not any data had been taken.
Estimation of Genetic Parameter by Using Full Diallel Cross in Maize under Different Irrigation Interval
Authors: Abd H S , Abdulhamed Z A , Ghadir M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The research was carried out with the aim of estimating the general and specific capabilities of the coalition and the genetic action of inbred lines of maize The field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields of Al-Khalidiya District - Anbar Governorate - Iraq for the spring season 2019, five inbred lines AG116, AG-M20, MH17, MH121 and ZM4 were used for this study and entered into a full diallel-cross breeding program, and evaluate the behavior of these inbred lines and their diallel and reciprocal crosses according to the first Griffing method and the fixed model. A comparison experiment was carried out between parental inbred lines and diallel and reciprocal hybrids using the RCBD design in split-plot arrangement with three replications. Where the irrigation intervals 6 and 12 days allocated to the main plots, and genotypes (inbred lines and hybrids) allocated to the sub plots in order to estimate the general and specific combining ability of the studied traits. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences between the parental inbred lines and their diallel and reciprocal hybrids in the general and specific combining abilities and their effects for most of the studied traits. The inbred ZM4 gave the highest negative combining ability to female flowering, which was −0.77 and −1.06 for 6 and 12-day irrigation intervals, respectively. While the MH121 inbred line with 6-day irrigation interval and ZM4 inbred line with 12-day irrigation interval were distinguished by giving it the highest positive and significant combining ability of grain yield, which amounted to 4.78 and 9.45, respectively. The specific combining ability of the hybrids was characterized by negative and positive values, the cross-hybrid AG116 × AGM20 with the irrigation interval of 6 days gave the highest positive and significant combining ability of 34.05. While the hybrid MH17 × ZM4 with an irrigation interval of 12 days was distinguished by giving it a positive combining ability of 7.12. As for the reciprocal hybrids, the reciprocal hybrid MH121 × AG116 with irrigation intervals of 6 and 12 days gave the highest positive and significant values of 48.74 and 25.76, respectively. The percentage of heritability in the broad sense was 99.8% in the leaf area of the 6-day irrigation interval, while with the 12-day irrigation interval it was 98.76% in the female flowering trait. Whereas, the percentages of heritability in the narrow sense reached 78% in the number of rows in ear with the irrigation interval of 6 days for the reciprocal hybrids, while it reached 78.91 in the reciprocal hybrids at the 12-day irrigation interval for female flowering.
Effect of Spraying with Water Hyacinth and Silverleaf Extractson Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Houry W K , Alkaisy A M A , Almehemdi A F 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in one of the special fields Al-Jazirah - Al-Budhiyab located at latitude 38.28° north and longitude 43.19° east, to find out the effect of different concentrations of the extract of the Water hyacinth and silverleaf plants in three varieties of sun flower. The experiment was applied using a split-plate arrangement within an RCBD design with three replications. The main plots were represented by the varieties Ishaqi, Sakha, and Iqmar, and the sub plots included the spray concentrations 0, 5, 15 and 25 mg L-1. The results showed that the Iqmar variety was superior in plant height (179.73 cm) in the spring season, and the cultivar Ishaqi (175.50 cm) in the fall season. The variety also outperforms generously in leaf area (307.4 cm2) in the fall season. As for the extracts, the water hyacinth outperformed the plant height (177.74 and 175.11 cm) in both seasons, respectively. And in the stem diameter (20.45 mm) in the spring season and in the dry weight of the weeds (0.045 and 0.053 g m2) in both seasons respectively. While silverleaf herb extract exceeded the leaf area (213.9 and 271.1 cm2) in both seasons sequentially and the stem diameter (20.86 mm) in the fall season, the silverleaf herb extract reduced the dry weight of the weeds (0.032 and 0.043 g m2) in both seasons respectively. He increased the weight of 1000 seeds (59.25 and 67.20 grams) in both seasons and the total yield (3.26 ton ha-1) in the fall season. The 15 mg L-1concentration also increased plant height (180.02 cm) and leaf area (208.9 cm2) in the spring season, disc diameter (22.39 cm) in the fall season and the number of seeds (924 seeds per disc-1). While the concentration increased plant height (176.19 cm) and leaf area (276.8 cm2) in the fall season. The concentration outperformed 5 mg L-1in stem diameter (19.65 and 20.32 mm) in both seasons and increased the weight of 1000 seeds (59.57 and 67.94 g) in both seasons sequentially and the overall yield (4.35 and 3.18 ton ha-1) in both seasons. Sequentially. We conclude that there is a fluctuation in the behavior of the same crop varieties due to the overlap of study factors and in different directions, so it is recommended to individualize the factors in their influence on the varieties to know the behavior of those varieties more accurately.
Vital Response of the Wheat to Gibberellic Acid ”GA3” and Prolin Under Water Defect Conditions
Authors: Al fahad A Ch , Hassan Z A , AL-Shaheen M R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the 2019-2020 agricultural season in the experimental fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, to study the effect of spraying with gibberellic acid 0, 100 and 200 mg. Liters and Proline (0, 300 and 400) in some characteristics of germination and growth of wheat, (class 33) the rate of irrigation every twenty days with the calculation of the rate of rain if it falls. The experimental units were distributed according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. It is evident from the results of the statistical analysis that there is a significant effect of gibberellic acidin all the studied traits, as the concentration of 200 mg. gave the highest Plant Height (cm), Chlorophyll rate, Percentage of protein % and Vegetative dry weight per plant (gm), as well as Proline recorded a high rate for all characteristics of the study. A high rate of interaction between the experimental factors was recorded in the Plant Height (cm), Chlorophyll rate, Percentage of protein % and Vegetative dry weight per plant (gm).
Vitality and Vigour Seed of Wheat Affected By Storage and Soaking With MnNPs
Authors: Altayy A L , Cheyed S H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the 2018 season, with the aim of determining the effect of soaking wheat seeds with nanoparticles (MnNPs) at concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L-1 in addition to the two comparison treatments (distilled water and dry seeds), and for a period Soaking 6, 12 and 24 hours in the germination and seedling strength and using the best concentration and the best soaking time for nanoscale iron fertilizer for use in subsequent field and laboratory experiments. The treatments were distributed using the complete random design (CRD) with four iterations. The results of the study showed the superiority of the nano fertilizer over the two comparison treatments (soaking in distilled water and dry seeds) in giving the highest average for all the standard germination and seedling strength characteristics. In addition. The 24-hour soaking time outperformed the periods 6 and 12 hours in giving the highest average for all the studied traits.
Effect of Soaking Maize Seeds with Selenium and Chitosan on Improving Germination, Vigour and Viability of Seed and Seedling
Authors: Al-Omairi A A , Al-Hilfy I H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Seed Technology-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad – Iraq, to studying the stimulation of maize seeds by soaking with selenium and chitosan to improve the vigour and viability of seeds. By using factorial experiment according to the Complete Random Design (CRD) with three replications. The seeds of two synthetic cultivars of maize (Baghdad 3 and Buhoth 5018) were soaked in selenium solutions at two concentrations (2 and 5 mg L-1), and chitosan (100 and 500 mg L-1) for 10 hours, as well as the two control treatments, which were dried seeds (without soaking) and the seeds soaked in distilled water. Results are shown that low concentration of 2 mg L-1 give highest mean were recorded in the percentage of germination in the first and final counts, the mean time germination, length of root and the plumule, the seedling vigour index, germination speed, and dry weight of the seedling. Seeds soaking with the solutions containing chitosan at both concentrations did not give significant results compared to the selenium treatments, both cultivars differed significantly in some germination characteristics and the vigour and viability of the seed: (length of root and the plumule, dry weight of the seedling). The results also showed a significant effect of the interaction between seed soaking treatments and cultivar on all studied traits. We conclude from this study that treatments of stimulating seeds by soaking them with distilled water and solutions of selenium and chitosan positively affected germination and its characteristics, so we recommend using low concentrations of selenium and chitosan to improve seed germination, vigour, and viability of the seedling.
Evaluating two interventions for scaling up upcycling: Community event and upcycling plaza
Authors: Sung K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Upcycling – creation or modification of a product from used or waste materials, components, and products for higher quality or value – incorporates multiple strategies for increasing material efficiency and provides other environmental, economic and social benefits. With a growing concern for the environment, the past few years have seen a growth of upcycling practitioners and businesses, yet despite such a growth, upcycling largely remains a niche and requires scaling-up to have a significant impact on the environment and society. For scaling up upcycling, several promising interventions have been suggested. This paper evaluates two of these: community event and upcycling plaza. Two case studies (on “Art with Upcycling” co-creation family event in Leicester, UK, and Seoul Upcycling Plaza in Seoul, South Korea) have been conducted using questionnaire, observation and interview studies. The results show that the community event made positive psychological impact on participants, and that many programmes run by the upcycling plaza were perceived as successful by stakeholders. Based on the aforementioned positive impact, these two interventions are recommended for prototyping, piloting and monitoring in other cities and countries for scaling up global upcycling.
Integrated Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Brazil: A Case Study in São Paulo City
Authors: Xocaira Paes Michel , Puppim de Oliveira Jose A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Systems are constantly changing and innovating around the world. Thus, this work aimed to develop a methodology that allows identifying and understanding the main drivers, barriers and possible pathways for innovative waste management that accelerate the urban sustainability transition and how the political, social and institutional factors can impact operational, economic and environmental indicators in a municipality. The work was developed through a case study in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). It made it possible to identify the main actors involved in the processes of elaboration and conduct of public waste management policies, as well as operational impacts (97.79% of waste sent landfill), economic (US$126,51/ton.msw) and environmental (370.06 kg CO2eq/ton.msw), contributing to the definition of criteria for the construction of Integrated Solid Waste Management methodology. The results also made it possible to highlight guidelines and practices for the improvement of MSW public policies.
Sewage sludge management options and civil society stakeholders’ influence: first evidence from Italian cases
Authors: Cagno E , Garrone P , Neri A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sewage sludge management is a pivotal process in the path toward sustainability, broadening the scope of wastewater treatment from removing pollutants to recycle and recover resources. Water utilities can choose among several management options and treatment technologies. The paper focuses on the possible influence of civil society stakeholders on the decision-making process of water utilities, and to investigated it, inductive case studies were conducted in Italian water utilities adopting different management options. The analysis allowed us to capture the richness of observations and make interesting variables possible shaping the relationship emerged, as the role of regulatory uncertainty. The first results show how the investigated water utilities look at other Countries for robust solutions and select the less risky in terms of civil society’s acceptance. Communication and involvement of civil society appear to be an important asset to mitigate possible negative relationships.
The state-of-the-art of methodologies related to biodigester location decisions in clustering situations
Authors: Gomes de Jesus Rômulo Henrique , Puglieri Fábio Neves , Carlos de Francisco Antonio , Moro Piekarski Cassiano , Taveira de Souza Jovani 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bioenergy is a renewable energy obtained from biomass and its main benefits are the reduction of greenhouse gases and the reduction of waste disposal. A common problem in feasibility analysis is the biodigester location due to biomass availability and its spatial dispersion. Therefore, decisions regarding to biodigester location is an important aspect of feasibility design when multiple biomass producers are involved in clusters. Studies in this research field of biodigester location address different methodologies, such as mathematical programming, multicriteria approach, scenario analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS). This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the biodigester location decisions considering clustering situations. To accomplish that, a systematic literature review using Prisma approach was carried out. As results, a set of feasibility opportunities was arranged after reading 24 papers, allowing to identify that the main methodologies used for biodigester location decisions were mathematical programming (41,16%), followed by multicriteria approaches (29,16%) and GIS (12,50%).
Selective Bioflocculation of Ultrafine Hematite Particles using the Yeast Candida stellata
Authors: Camarate M C , Merma A G , Simões C R , Torem M L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The loss of ultrafine particles has been one of the biggest problems in mineral recovering during concentration process. One alternative to solve this problem is the use of biological raw material in processes like flotation, coagulation and flocculation, however, there are few studies related to ore treatment involving the bioflocculation process. This research aims at a study of the processing of ultrafine hematite particles using the biosurfactant extracted from the yeast Candida stellata. The bioflocculation experiments will be evaluated by jar-test assay, evaluating the influence of parameters like pH, solid concentration and biosurfactant concentration. The interaction of the bioreagent onto the mineral surface will be evaluated by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-red) analyzing the functional groups absorbed and surface tension measurement. This research aims as a sustainable route for the recovery of ultrafine hematite particles using a biodegradable material with high efficiency meeting with the requirements demanded for this purpose.
Best response dynamics in waste-to-energy plants’ price setting problem
Authors: Eryganov I , Šomplák R , Hrdina J , Nevrlý V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the task of waste energy recovery and effective price setting of waste-to-energy plants. Its main contribution is the invention of a new approach to pricing of waste disposal in a particular waste management network. This novel method, which is based on a problem of finding the Nash equilibrium, takes into account the amounts of waste production of cities, capacities of waste-to-energy plants and their locations. The best response dynamics algorithm enables the computation of Nash equilibrium for a game of waste-to-energy plants in a normal form with numerous players and multiple strategies in comparison with other standard algorithms. The algorithm is able to find the Nash equilibrium for a sufficiently big step size between possible gate fees. The results of this work are applicable in the forecasting of prices of waste-to-energy plants’ services for real waste management networks.
Using Tanflos SG to Remove Fine and Ultra-Fine Iron Mineral Particles from Water
Authors: Werner Ian , Lopes da Silva Elivone , Leonardo Torem Mauricio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the mineral scenario is concentrating and removing fine particles, as consequence of that, there are a high concentration of mineral inside the Ganga and this reality needs to be changed. Seeking to contribute significantly, this research used the process of DAF (dissolved air flotation), because in this process the bubbles are less than 100 µ, what is fundamental because the fines and ultrafine particles. For the pretreatment was used the biosurfactant Tanfloc SG as much as flocculant and coagulant. Other techniques such as FTIR (Fourier-Transform infrared), Zeta potential and contact angle was used to show the mineral and the biosurfactant characteristics. As a conclusion, the IEP (isoelectric point) was close to pH 8,5 for Tanfloc, but for hematite, with Tanfloc the pH went down to 5,3-6,5 and the DAF depends the biosurfactant concentration, the best results were between 140 and 175 mg/L.