bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Telomere Lengthening on Genetic Diseases
Authors: BOJKOVİC Marko , CHANDRA Sathees 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Telomeres are a characteristic of chromosomes that have increasingly large significance in research. They are studied in various diseases to discover potential treatment strategies. Their most vital characteristic is their length because the length can be used to describe different characteristics about the cell, such as its age. The length of telomeres can also be used as a potential way to treat disease. This review article’s purpose is to explore how te-lomeres can be potentially used as a method to treat genetic diseases such as trisomy 21 and cancer.
Determination of the Comfort Level and Self-Care Agency of the Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: BOZKURT Meltem , NAZİK Evşen 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the comfort level and self-care agency of women with urinary incontinence.Material and Method: This descriptive and relationship seeker research was performed in a, gynecology services of a university hospital between February 2016-April 2018. A total of 124 women with urinary incontinence were included in the study The data of the study were collected by using Personal Information Form, Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Frequency Comfort Scale and Self-Care Agency Scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS windows 24.0 package program.Results: The mean score of Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Frequency Comfort Scale of the women with urinary incontinence was 3.35±0.59, and the mean score of SelfCare Agency Scale was 88.09±14.59. A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was detected between Urinary Incontinence and Frequency Comfort Scale and Self Care Agency Scale (r=0.479 p=0.001).Conclusion: It was determined that there is a moderate relationship between the comfort level and self-care agency of women with urinary incontinence in the study.
Is There a Relationship between the Height of the Ethmoid Roof and The Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Tract in Children and Adolescents?
Authors: KEÇELİ Avni Merter 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The anterior ethmoidal artery course and the height of the ethmoid roof should be determined in paranasal sinus surgery to avoid complications. In this study, the relationship between anterior skull base height and anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) anatomy was tried to be determined in children and adolescents.
Methods: The cranial magnetic resonance imaging of participants between 24 months and 18 years of age, who had no cranial pathology between 2014 and 2018, were re-examined. Of the participants, 101 (50.5%) were male. The participants were divided into age groups. All measurements were made in the section on the T2-weighted coronal plane images. The AEA’s entry points into the nasal cavity were determined. The ethmoid roof height was determined according to the line drawn on the medial rectus muscle from the roof.
Results: The ethmoid roof was type II in 97 (48.5%) of all cases. The AEA entry was on the skull base in 131 cases (65.5%) on the right and 154 cases (77%) on the left. In the 25 cases (12.5%), the AEA entry point was asymmetrical. No significant correlation was found between the ethmoid roof depth and AEA entry (p = 0.553 and 0.504).
Conclusion: No relation was found between ethmoid roof height and sex or age. In adults, however, it was found to differ by sex. In MRI examination, the ethmoid roof depth is not a guide for AEA placement in children, which should be considered to avoid complications during operations.
Melatonin receptors increase Momordica’s anticancer effects against PC-3 and HT-29
Authors: TAGHİZADEHGHALEHJOUGHİ Ali , YENİ Yeşim , GENÇ Sıdıka , WALLACE David R , HACİMUFTUOGLU Ahmet , ÇAKIR Zeynep 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The aim of our study is to the evaluation of melatonin (MLT) and Momordica charantia (MC) combination on PC-3 and HT-29 cancer lines and to address the question of where or not MLT increases MC antitumor effect in the PC-3 and HT-29 cancer lines.
Material and Method: The PC-3 and HT-29 cell lines were grown in a manufacturer-specified culture medium. Cisplatin, MLT, increasing concentrations of MC, 40 μg/ml MLT + increasing concentrations MC were applied to PC-3 and HT-29 cell lines for 72 hours. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) cell viability, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Cellular Migration (Wound Healing test), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) tests were done 72 hours after drug administration.
Results: The combination of MLT 40 μg/ml + MC 100 µg/ml reduced cell viability in both PC-3 and HT-29 cells. Besides, TAC and TOS levels showed a correlation with LDH and MTT assays and were found to be statistically significant (P
It's not always appendicitis: relatively uncommon conditions of acute abdomen in children
Authors: DEMİREL Berat Dilek , YAĞIZ Beytullah 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To evaluate the acute surgical conditions beyond acute appendicitis in children.
Material and method: The children who underwent urgent abdominal surgery between January 2017-December 2020 are retrospectively evaluated. The newborns and patients with acute appendicitis are excluded.
Results: A total of 595 patients underwent urgent abdominal surgery. Acute appendicitis was the final diagnosis in 468 of them (78.7%). The median age of the rest of the 127 patients (21.3%) was 8 years (0.96-17.75 years). Fourteen patients admitted with trauma (11%) (12 boys and 2 girls, median age; 12.66 years), and the most common cause was firearm injuries with the most common injured system was the gastrointestinal system. Among the patients without trauma, 62 were boys (54.6%) and 51 were girls (45.1%) (median age; 6.41 years). Intussusception was most common in the Infant and Young Child Group. Adhesive small bowel obstruction was most common in adolescent boys and the Child Group while adnexal torsion was most common in adolescent girls. Intussusception, adhesive small bowel obstruction and gastrointestinal perforation were encountered in all age groups
Conclusion: Although acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen in children, other causes are not uncommon and some need special attention as differential diagnosis and intervention are "more urgent" than others. Awareness of these "more urgent" conditions with respect to age groups may prevent complications, morbidity, and even mortality.
Foliar fungi of the enigmatic desert plant Welwitschia mirabilis show little adaptation to their unique host plant
Authors: Kemler Martin , Wingfield Michael J. , Cowan Don A. , Slippers Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Foliar fungi, especially endophytic fungi, constitute an important part of the microbiome of plants. Yet little is known about the composition of these communities. In this study, we isolated fungi from leaf tissues of the desert plant Welwitschia mirabilis to determine the culturable diversity of the foliar fungal community. The isolated fungal taxa, which grouped into 17 distinct lineages, were identified by sequencing elongation factor 1 alpha, beta-tubulin 1, beta-tubulin 2 and the internal transcribed spacer region. The culturable community was mainly composed of cosmopolitan fungal genera despite the unique taxonomic position of the plant and its geographic isolation. To test for endemism in two of the common fungal genera, Alternaria and Aureobasidium, we built haplotype networks using a global data set. Even this broad data set showed little evidence for specialisation within this unique host or its geographical location. The data suggest that the culturable members of communities of leaf-associated fungi in habitats with little plant coverage, such as the Namib Desert, are mainly established by long-distance aerially distributed fungal inocula and few of these taxa co-evolve with the host within the habitat.Significance:

The culturable members of fungal communities associated with an ecological and evolutionary isolated plant have not co-speciated with their hosts, but to a large extent are composed of globally distributed fungal species.
Harsh environmental conditions and the geographic isolation of host plants seem to favour ubiquitous fungal species over more specialist fungal species.

Open data sets*: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank
*see accession numbers in text
Pleistocene reptile swim traces confirmed from South Africa’s Cape south coast
Authors: Helm Charles W. , Lockley Martin G. 
Published: March 2021

Large Pleistocene reptile tracks and traces were described from the Cape south coast of South Africa in 2020, including ‘probable swim traces’. These trace fossils were found on loose slabs and blocks of the Klein Brak Formation. Subsequently, another surface has become exposed on this coastline, also on a loose slab. It exhibits more definitive evidence of swim traces in epirelief, probably made by the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) or water monitor (Varanus niloticus), although a chelonian origin cannot be excluded. Length of a possible crocodylian trackmaker was estimated from measurements of interdigital distance in the swim traces. These provide a compelling example of reptile swim traces from Africa.Significance:

Pleistocene reptile swim traces have now been confidently confirmed from the Cape south coast of South Africa.
The findings complement the suite of recently identified large reptile tracks.
Trackmaker size can be estimated from the dimensions of reptile swim traces.
These are the first compelling non-dinosaurian reptile swim traces to be described from Africa.
Coombs Hill: A Late Devonian fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group, South Africa)
Authors: Harris Christopher , Gess Robert W. , Penn-Clarke Cameron , Rubidge Bruce S. 
Published: March 2021

Coombs Hill, a new fossil locality in the Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) of South Africa, preserves a record of Famennian (Late Devonian) life in Gondwana. Fossil plants collected at Coombs Hill are preliminarily assigned to several classes. Shelly invertebrates include a variety of bivalve mollusc forms, some of which appear to be preserved in life position. Biodiversity at Coombs Hill is comparable to that of the well-known Waterloo Farm lagerstätte in ordinal diversity, but exhibits differences in species composition. Ongoing taxonomic analysis will provide a rare window into the ecology of high-latitude environments during this pivotal stage of Earth history, which immediately preceded the end-Devonian extinction. Sandstone dominated sedimentary facies at Coombs Hill suggest a high-energy coastal marine setting, with brackish back-barrier estuarine/lagoonally derived fossiliferous mudstones. Exact stratigraphic placement within the Witpoort Formation is hampered by structural deformation, and precise age comparisons with Waterloo Farm are currently tenuous.Significance:

A new fossil locality at Coombs Hill comprises the second known site with a suite of well preserved continental and marginal marine fossils from the Witpoort Formation, providing an exceptionally rare example of high-latitude life during the critical latest Devonian Famennian age.
Several new plant taxa will be diagnosed from this locality, which also gives important insights into the morphology of Archaeopteris notosaria, South Africa’s earliest known tree.
Discovery of a second palaeontologically significant site in the Witpoort Formation provides impetus for further structural and sedimentary facies analyses to align the unit with datable global eustatic events, and to clarify its internal chronology.
Age at menopause and the correlates of natural menopause among urban and rural women in the southern Nigeria
Authors: Ikeanyi Eugene M. , Ikobho Ebenezer H. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Menopause, the point in a woman’s life when permanent cessation of cyclical menstruation occurs for a period of 12 months due to the loss of ovarian activity marking the end of reproductive lifespan and potential. Natural menopause is a physiological event, universal women phenomenon and irreversible part of the entire normal aging process. It brings the menopausal woman for preventive health care services due to its associated health implications. This study sought to investigate the age at menopause and its correlates in southern Nigerian women.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of datasets of women from two different communities attending annual religious conference was conducted using tested semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaire in 2019.Results: Data was analyzed on 152 participants from an urban and a rural communities. Mean chronological age was 58.8±8.8 years and parity was 6.4±2.2. Mean age at menopause was 50.0±4.6 years, median (IQR) 50.0 (47-53) and 49.2±4.7 versus 50.5±4.5 and median (IQR) 49.5 (46-51) and 50.5 (47-54) for urban and rural participants respectively. 1.3%, 9.2%, 69.7% and 19.7% were premature, early, normal and late onset menopause respectively. Risk of early onset menopause was insignificantly increased by higher education, social class, lower BMI and low parity. Forgetfulness (20.3%), irritability (19.5%), hot flushes (17.3%) and insomnia (16.5%) were the leading symptoms. Main complications were chronic hypertension 62 (40.8%), diabetes mellitus 12 (7.9%) and 4 (2.6%) recent fractures.Conclusions: Age at menopause was moderate, early menopause was rather high, programmed preventive healthcare services should address modifiable risk factors. Cancer screening services for late onset women is equally crucial.
Assessment of obstetric and gynaecological problems in females with bleeding disorders
Authors: Panchbudhe Shruti Ashok , Desai Ashwini Sudhir 
Published: March 2021

Background: Inherited bleeding disorders are not common but they are lifelong. Their effects on women are far greater than previously realised. Many clinicians are not familiar with these disorders but may encounter such women under acute conditions. Objectives were to study various obstetric and gynaecological problems in females with bleeding disorders and to assess the type of management given for these disorders.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care hospital in which 30 women of known bleeding disorder were studied and various obstetric and gynaecological problems including menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, mid-cycle pain, conception, haemorrhagic ovarian cyst, etc. were identified and studied in them.Results: 30 patients of known bleeding disorder who were found to have obstetric and gynaecological problem were studied. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura constituted the major bleeding disorder (23%), followed by von Willebrand’s disease (17%) in our study. 21 patients had gynaecological problem and the most common gynaecological problem was menorrhagia (62%), followed by hemoperitoneum (10%), mid cycle pain (10%), persistent haemorrhagic cyst (7%), dysmenorrhea (7%) and endometriosis (4%). 20 patients had obstetric problems of which postpartum haemorrhage (59%) was a major problem followed by recurrent pregnancy loss (33%) and infertility (8%). The study concluded that both obstetric and gynaecological problems are common in patients of bleeding disorders and occur in distribution 66.66% and 70% respectively.Conclusions: The study conducted shows that obstetric and gynaecological problems are very common in patients of bleeding disorders and thus optimal management of these problems requires a multidisciplinary team of approach.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women reproductive health and family planning services
Authors: Taywade Manish , Pradhan Rudra Prasad 
Published: March 2021

Globally, women and adolescents health in the reproductive age group are heavily affected during the ongoing coronavirus disease - 2010 (COVID-19) pandemic. Contraception shortage across the world. Sustainable development goal, target 3.7 is “to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including for family planning, information and education and integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.” The demand of health workers and supply chain are affected and impacted the availability and accessibility to the sexual and reproductive health
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hearing impairment as seen in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda , Simeon Afolabi 
Published: March 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been on the increase especially the type 2. This study therefore is to determine the pattern, type and severity of hearing impairment and correlating it with the duration, presence of peripheral neuropathy, glycaemic control of the type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a descriptive cross sectional study of adult diabetic patients seen at the endocrinology clinic of University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. Consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that gave their informed consent were recruited. A semi structured questionnaire aimed at obtaining the biodata, duration of diabetes and level of control, presence of neuropathy was administered to these patients. They had otoscopy done in addition to audiometric evaluation using pure tone audiometry.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 108 subjects with confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Males; 42 and females; 66. Age ranged from 20 -81years. Hearing impairment was present in 68.52% of the subjects. Audiometric pattern showed 54.6% with SNHL while 31.5% had normal hearing. Majority of the subjects had mild degree hearing loss (50%). Bilateral SNHL was the commonly seen type of hearing loss in 55.93%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a high prevalence of hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The commonest type of hearing loss in these subjects was bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss. There is therefore a need to incorporate regular audiologic assessment in the management protocol of the adult diabetic patients.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Learning from COVID-19 experience: a study amongst ENT surgeons’ COVID behaviour
Authors: Bhavana Kranti , Soni Sweta , Sharma Bhartendu Bharti , Chaudhary Neha 
Published: March 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Health care services across the world have undergone several modifications in view of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngology needs special mention in this context owing to its proximity to virus’s natural habitat. Various ENT procedures are significantly aerosol generating and hence appropriate precautions and procedural modifications are needed. We aimed to determine attitude and practices of ENT professionals during COVID-19 pandemic and their level of preparedness towards resuming practice, teaching and training activities.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted an online survey through Google forms, participants were asked to fill up a multiple choice questionnaire. Responses collected were analysed and interpretations made on basis of most favoured options. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of respondents was aware of the potential risks and precautions to be taken during Outpatient and surgical procedures and was willing to adapt their clinical setups to protect themselves and their patients. Few of them wanted to follow stricter protocols like doing endoscopies for therapeutic purposes only, using a PAPR for lengthy surgeries, not allowing trainees to assist in surgeries etc. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that fresh guidelines are needed taking in account the opinion of government and private practitioners, with provisions for continuing training activities.</p>
Actinomyces causing chronic tonsillitis: a retrospective study
Authors: S. Ravishankara , Srinivas Madhumitha , N. T. Sreedevi 
Published: March 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Actinomyces is often overlooked and hence reported as rare infection of palatine tonsils. It can often lead to chronic tonsillitis and can masquerade as oropharyngeal malignancy. Objectives were to estimate the proportion of actinomyces causing chronic tonsillitis using histopathological evidence and to describe the histopathology of tonsillectomy specimens.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total 33 patients had undergone tonsillectomy in the study period of June 2018 to September 2020. Tonsil biopsy specimens stained with haematoxylin-Eosin stain and gram Stain were evaluated by light microscopy examination for the presence of actinomyces. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 4 Patients (8 tonsillectomy specimens) had evidence of actinomycosis on histopathological examination constituting 12.12 % of the total specimens examined, the mean age was 17 years (ranging from 5 to 42 years). One of the specimens had unilateral tonsillar cyst which revealed colonies of actinomyces.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Actinomycosis of tonsil is a common condition which is usually missed as routine histopathological examination of excised tonsils is not done. Hence, we recommend routine histopathological examination of all tonsillectomy specimens irrespective of age.</p>
A NEXUS BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Batool Hafsa , Anwar Mumtaz , Asghar Nabila , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Kamal Asifa 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: The empowerment of women is an important aim for them to be fully engaged in economic life and to achieve sustainable growth worldwide. One form of empowerment is to provide women with basic facilities.
Methodology: The study also analyzed the impact on women's empowerment by primary data taken via multi-phase cluster sampling methods of household socio-economic and cultural characteristics in Punjab. Given the diversity of nature and context, the 6-dimensional empirical polychoric principles of empowering women generate a stringent cumulative index of women's autonomy.
Main Findings: The empirical findings show that empowering women and their six-dimensional effects are positive for women's years and jobs, legal advertisements, health care institutions, social participation, safe, smooth surroundings, communication, politics and residential negative participation, unpaid housekeeping, and the fear of violence. The results show that women's empowerment is positive.
Applications of this study: This study can be more effective in the manner that to offer women free advice about their rights through electronic media, the government should establish an integrated legal cell with the local government.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research contribution in the field of women empowerment that how women can deal with legal advisory, to get jobs, protection in health and institutions.