bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles modulate lipopolysaccharide activated human microglia
Authors: Garcia-Contreras Marta , Thakor Avnesh S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are driven by neuroinflammation triggered by activated microglial cells; hence, the phenotypic regulation of these cells is an appealing target for intervention. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat NDs given their immunomodulatory properties. Evidence suggests that the mechanism of action of hAD-MSCs is through their secretome, which includes secreted factors such as cytokines, chemokines, or growth factors as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, EVs have emerged as important mediators in cell communication given, they can transfer proteins, lipids, and RNA species (i.e., miRNA, mRNA, and tRNAs) to modulate recipient cells. However, the therapeutic potential of hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs has not been fully elucidated with respect to human microglia. In this study, we determined the therapeutic potential of different hAD-MSCs doses (200,000, 100,000, and 50,000 cells) or their secreted EVs (50, 20, or 10 µg/ml), on human microglial cells (HMC3) that were activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an activation marker of HMC3 cells, was prevented when they were cocultured with hAD-MSCs and EVs. Moreover, hAD-MSCs inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, while their secreted EVs promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 or TIMP-1 in activated microglia. The present data therefore support a role for hAD-MSCs and their secreted EVs, as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NDs.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine candidate significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 shedding in ferrets
Authors: Marsh Glenn A. , McAuley Alexander J. , Au Gough G. , Riddell Sarah , Layton Daniel , Singanallur Nagendrakumar B. , Layton Rachel , Payne Jean , Durr Peter A. , Bender Hannah , Barr Jennifer A. , Bingham John , Boyd Victoria , Brown Sheree , Bruce Matthew P. , Burkett Kathie , Eastwood Teresa , Edwards Sarah , Gough Tamara , Halpin Kim , Harper Jenni , Holmes Clare , Horman William S. J. , van Vuren Petrus Jansen , Lowther Suzanne , Maynard Kate , McAuley Kristen D. , Neave Matthew J. , Poole Timothy , Rootes Christina , Rowe Brenton , Soldani Elisha , Stevens Vittoria , Stewart Cameron R. , Suen Willy W. , Tachedjian Mary , Todd Shawn , Trinidad Lee , Walter Duane , Watson Naomi , Drew Trevor W. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Lambe Teresa , Vasan S. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are likely to be critical in the management of the ongoing pandemic. A number of candidates are in Phase III human clinical trials, including ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222), a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine candidate. In preclinical trials, the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 against SARS-CoV-2 challenge was evaluated in a ferret model of infection. Groups of ferrets received either prime-only or prime-boost administration of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 via the intramuscular or intranasal route. All ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 administration combinations resulted in significant reductions in viral loads in nasal-wash and oral swab samples. No vaccine-associated adverse events were observed associated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 candidate, with the data from this study suggesting it could be an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19. Our study also indicates the potential for intranasal administration as a way to further improve the efficacy of this leading vaccine candidate.
Thermal transport investigation in AA7072 and AA7075 aluminum alloys nanomaterials based radiative nanofluids by considering the multiple physical flow conditions
Authors: Adnan  , Ullah Khan Sheikh Irfan , Khan Umar , Ahmed Naveed , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Khan Ilyas , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNow a day’s variety of nanomaterials is available, among these Aluminum Alloys AA7072 and AA705 are significant due to their thermal, physical and mechanical characteristics. These extensively used in manufacturing of spacecraft, aircraft parts and building testing. Keeping in view the significance of nanoliquids, the analysis of methanol suspended by AA7072 and AA7075 alloys under the multiple physical flow conditions is reported. The model is successfully treated by coupling of RK and shooting algorithm and examined the results for the flow regimes by altering the ingrained physical parameters. Then physical interpretation of the results discussed comprehensively. To validate the analysis, a comparison between the presented and existing is reported under certain assumptions on the flow parameters. It is found that the results are reliable inline with existing once.
Edelfosine nanoemulsions inhibit tumor growth of triple negative breast cancer in zebrafish xenograft model
Authors: Saraiva Sofia M. , Gutiérrez-Lovera Carlha , Martínez-Val Jeannette , Lores Sainza , Bouzo Belén L. , Díez-Villares Sandra , Alijas Sandra , Pensado-López Alba , Vázquez-Ríos Abi Judit , Sánchez Laura , de la Fuente María 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for being very aggressive, heterogeneous and highly metastatic. The standard of care treatment is still chemotherapy, with adjacent toxicity and low efficacy, highlighting the need for alternative and more effective therapeutic strategies. Edelfosine, an alkyl-lysophospholipid, has proved to be a promising therapy for several cancer types, upon delivery in lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, the objective of this work was to explore the potential of edelfosine for the treatment of TNBC. Edelfosine nanoemulsions (ET-NEs) composed by edelfosine, Miglyol 812 and phosphatidylcholine as excipients, due to their good safety profile, presented an average size of about 120 nm and a neutral zeta potential, and were stable in biorelevant media. The ability of ET-NEs to interrupt tumor growth in TNBC was demonstrated both in vitro, using a highly aggressive and invasive TNBC cell line, and in vivo, using zebrafish embryos. Importantly, ET-NEs were able to penetrate through the skin barrier of MDA-MB 231 xenografted zebrafish embryos, into the yolk sac, leading to an effective decrease of highly aggressive and invasive tumoral cells’ proliferation. Altogether the results demonstrate the potential of ET-NEs for the development of new therapeutic approaches for TNBC.
Phenylethynylbenzyl-modified biguanides inhibit pancreatic cancer tumor growth
Authors: Hébert Audrey , Parisotto Maxime , Rowell Marie-Camille , Doré Alexandra , Fernandez Ruiz Ana , Lefrançois Guillaume , Kalegari Paloma , Ferbeyre Gerardo , Schmitzer Andreea R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present the design and synthesis of a small library of substituted biguanidium salts and their capacity to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells. We first present their in vitro and membrane activity, before we address their mechanism of action in living cells and in vivo activity. We show that phenylethynyl biguanidium salts possess higher ability to cross hydrophobic barriers, improve mitochondrial accumulation and anticancer activity. Mechanistically, the most active compound, 1b, like metformin, activated AMPK, decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio and mitochondrial respiration, but at 800-fold lower concentration. In vivo studies show that compound 1b significantly inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice, while biguanides currently in clinical trials had little activity.
Mutations as Levy flights
Authors: Leon Dario A. , Gonzalez Augusto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractData from a long time evolution experiment with Escherichia Coli and from a large study on copy number variations in subjects with European ancestry are analyzed in order to argue that mutations can be described as Levy flights in the mutation space. These Levy flights have at least two components: random single-base substitutions and large DNA rearrangements. From the data, we get estimations for the time rates of both events and the size distribution function of large rearrangements.
Improvement of mechanical properties of HfB2-based composites by incorporating in situ SiC reinforcement through pressureless sintering
Authors: Ghadami S. , Taheri-Nassaj E. , Baharvandi H. R. , Ghadami F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHfB2, Si, and activated carbon powders were selected to fabricate 0–30 vol% SiC reinforced HfB2-based composite. Pressureless sintering process was performed at 2050 °C for 4 h under a vacuum atmosphere. Microstructural studies revealed that in situ SiC reinforcement was formed and distributed in the composite according to the following reaction: Si + C = SiC. A maximum relative density of 98% was measured for the 20 vol% SiC containing HfB2 composite. Mechanical investigations showed that the hardness and the fracture toughness of these composites were increased and reached up to 21.2 GPa for HfB2-30 vol% SiC and 4.9 MPa.m1/2 for HfB2-20 vol% SiC, respectively. Results showed that alpha-SiC reinforcements were created jagged, irregular, and elongated in shape which were in situ formed between HfB2 grains and filled the porosities. Formation of alpha-SiC contributed to improving the relative density and mechanical properties of the composite samples. By increasing SiC content, an enhanced trend of thermal conductivity was observed as well as a reduced trend for electrical conductivity.
A randomized trial of safety and pharmacodynamic interactions between a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, PT150, and ethanol in healthy volunteers
Authors: Morice Claire , Baker Dewleen G. , Patel Marguerite M. , Nolen Tracy L. , Nowak Kayla , Hirsch Shawn , Kosten Thomas R. , Verrico Christopher D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPT150, a novel competitive glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, has proven safe in animal models, healthy volunteers, and people with depression. Our study is the first to investigate PT150’s safety with alcohol use. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacodynamic interactions between ethanol and PT150 in healthy subjects. This single-site, Phase I pilot trial consisted of community-recruited, healthy, alcohol-experienced participants aged 21–64 years. Of 32 participants screened, 11 were enrolled and randomized, one of which withdrew before intervention. PT150 (900 mg/day) was administered orally to all participants for five days. All participants received two beverage challenges on Day 1 (before PT150 administration) and Day 5 (after PT150 administration). On challenge days, they received both alcohol (16% ethanol) and placebo (1% ethanol) beverages in random order. Primary outcomes included breath alcohol level, blood pressure, heart rate, adverse events, and electrocardiogram changes. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs or estimated blood alcohol concentrations between PT150 non-exposed and exposed groups during the ethanol challenge. There were no clinically significant abnormal electrocardiograms or serious adverse events. These data show that administration of PT150 with concurrent alcohol use is safe and well-tolerated. This study supports a future pharmacokinetic interaction study between PT150 and alcohol.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03548714.
Numerical study of nano-biofilm stagnation flow from a nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface with variable nanofluid and bioconvection transport properties
Authors: Alsenafi Abdulaziz , Bég O. Anwar , Ferdows M. , Bég Tasveer A. , Kadir A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA mathematical model is developed for stagnation point flow toward a stretching or shrinking sheet of liquid nano-biofilm containing spherical nano-particles and bioconvecting gyrotactic micro-organisms. Variable transport properties of the liquid (viscosity, thermal conductivity, nano-particle species diffusivity) and micro-organisms (species diffusivity) are considered. Buongiorno’s two-component nanoscale model is deployed and spherical nanoparticles in a dilute nanofluid considered. Using a similarity transformation, the nonlinear systems of partial differential equations is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These resulting equations are solved numerically using a central space finite difference method in the CodeBlocks Fortran platform. Graphical plots for the distribution of reduced skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number, reduced Sherwood number and the reduced local density of the motile microorganisms as well as the velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and the density of motile microorganisms are presented for the influence of wall velocity power-law index (m), viscosity parameter $$({c}_{2})$$

(

c
2

)

, thermal conductivity parameter (c4), nano-particle mass diffusivity (c6), micro-organism species diffusivity (c8), thermophoresis parameter $$(Nt)$$

(
N
t
)

, Brownian motion parameter $$(Nb)$$

(
N
b
)

, Lewis number $$(Le)$$

(
L
e
)

, bioconvection Schmidt number $$(Sc)$$

(
S
c
)

, bioconvection constant (σ) and bioconvection Péclet number $$(Pe)$$

(
P
e
)

. Validation of the solutions via comparison related to previous simpler models is included. Further verification of the general model is conducted with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Extensive interpretation of the physics is included. Skin friction is elevated with viscosity parameter ($${\mathrm{c}}_{2})$$

c
2

)

whereas it is suppressed with greater Lewis number and thermophoresis parameter. Temperatures are elevated with increasing thermal conductivity parameter ($${\mathrm{c}}_{4})$$

c
4

)

whereas Nusselt numbers are reduced. Nano-particle volume fraction (concentration) is enhanced with increasing nano-particle mass diffusivity parameter ($${c}_{6}$$

c
6

) whereas it is markedly reduced with greater Lewis number (Le) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). With increasing stretching/shrinking velocity power-law exponent ($$m),$$

m
)
,

skin friction is decreased whereas Nusselt number and Sherwood number are both elevated. Motile microorganism density is boosted strongly with increasing micro-organism diffusivity parameter ($${\mathrm{c}}_{8}$$

c
8

) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb) but reduced considerably with greater bioconvection Schmidt number (Sc) and bioconvection Péclet number (Pe). The simulations find applications in deposition processes in nano-bio-coating manufacturing processes.
Light quality and quantity affect graft union formation of tomato plants
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Fathy , Ali Muhammad Moaaz , Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Gad Ahmed Gomaa , Liang Dangdi , Binqi Li , kalaji Hazem M. , Wróbel Jacek , Xu Yong , Chen Faxing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is already known that there are many factors responsible for the successful formation of a graft union. However, the role of light has been little studied. In an anatomical study, Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) was used to explore the effects of different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on graft union formation in grafted tomato. In addition, the expression genes related to Auxin hormone signaling pathway (SAUR67, AUX1, ARF30, and LAX3) was investigated. The obtained results showed that the concrescence process occurred faster under R7:B3 light conditions, as compared to blue (B) and white fluorescent (WFL) lights. Red light application caused a delay in the vascular tissue differentiation, which may lead to callus development on both sides, causing junctional failure and resulting in ineffective graft junctional arrangement. The expression of genes related to Auxin hormone significantly increased by R7:B3 application. We suggest that LED spectra affects the graft development of tomato plants and can improve the performance of grafted tomato seedlings.
Wide and increasing suitability for Aedes albopictus in Europe is congruent across distribution models
Authors: Oliveira Sandra , Rocha Jorge , Sousa Carla A. , Capinha César 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), a vector of dengue, Zika and other diseases, was introduced in Europe in the 1970s, where it is still widening its range. Spurred by public health concerns, several studies have delivered predictions of the current and future distribution of the species for this region, often with differing results. We provide the first joint analysis of these predictions, to identify consensus hotspots of high and low suitability, as well as areas with high uncertainty. The analysis focused on current and future climate conditions and was carried out for the whole of Europe and for 65 major urban areas. High consensus on current suitability was found for the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Italy and the coastline between the western Balkans and Greece. Most models also agree on a substantial future expansion of suitable areas into northern and eastern Europe. About 83% of urban areas are expected to become suitable in the future, in contrast with ~ 49% nowadays. Our findings show that previous research is congruent in identifying wide suitable areas for Aedes albopictus across Europe and in the need to effectively account for climate change in managing and preventing its future spread.
New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America
Authors: Prevosti Francisco J. , Romano Cristo O. , Forasiepi Analía M. , Hemming Sidney , Bonini Ricardo , Candela Adriana M. , Cerdeño Esperanza , Madozzo Jaén M. Carolina , Ortiz Pablo E. , Pujos François , Rasia Luciano , Schmidt Gabriela I. , Taglioretti Matias , MacPhee Ross D. E. , Pardiñas Ulyses F. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate fossil record of the Pampean Region of Argentina occupies an important place in South American vertebrate paleontology. An abundance of localities has long been the main basis for constructing the chronostratigraphical/geochronological scale for the late Neogene–Quaternary of South America, as well as for understanding major patterns of vertebrate evolution, including the Great American Biotic Interchange. However, few independently-derived dates are available for constraining this record. In this contribution, we present new40Ar/39Ar dates on escorias (likely the product of meteoric impacts) from the Argentinean Atlantic coast and statistically-based biochronological analyses that help to calibrate Late Miocene–Pliocene Pampean faunal successions. For the type areas of the Montehermosan and Chapadmalalan Ages/Stages, our results delimit their age ranges to 4.7–3.7 Ma and ca. 3.74–3.04 Ma, respectively. Additionally, from Buenos Aires Province, dates of 5.17 Ma and 4.33 Ma were recovered for “Huayquerian” and Montehermosan faunas. This information helps to better calibrate important first appearances of allochthonous taxa in South America, including one of the oldest records for procyonids (7.24–5.95 Ma), cricetids (6.95–5.46 Ma), and tayassuids (> 3.74 Ma, oldest high-confidence record). These results also constrain to ca. 3 Ma the last appearances of the autochthonous sparassodonts, as well as terror birds of large/middle body size in South America. South American faunal turnover during the late Neogene, including Late Pliocene extinctions, is interpreted as a consequence of knock-on effects from global climatic changes and initiation of the icehouse climate regime.
Determination of a microRNA signature of protective kidney ischemic preconditioning originating from proximal tubules
Authors: Khalid Usman , Jenkins Robert H. , Andrews Robert , Pino-Chavez Gilda , Cossins Benjamin C. , Chavez Rafael , Bowen Timothy , Fraser Donald J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) is effective in limiting subsequent ischemic acute kidney injury in experimental models. MicroRNAs are an important class of post-transcriptional regulator and show promise as biomarkers of kidney injury. We evaluated the time- and dose-dependence of benefit from IPC in a rat model of functional (bilateral) ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). We found optimal protection from subsequent injury following short, repetitive sequences of preconditioning insult. We subsequently used hybridization array and microRNA sequencing to characterize microRNA signatures of protective IPC and of IRI. These approaches identified a profile of microRNA changes consequent on IRI, that were limited by prior IPC. To localize these signals within the kidney, we used laser capture microdissection and RT-qPCR to measure microRNA abundance in nephron segments, pinpointing microRNA changes principally to glomeruli and proximal tubules. Our data describe a unique microRNA signature for IRI in the rat kidney. Pulsatile IPC reduces kidney damage following IRI and diminishes this microRNA signal. We have also identified candidate microRNAs that may act as biomarkers of injury and therapeutic targets in this context.
Bio-based polyurethane nanocomposite thin coatings from two comparable POSS with eight same vertex groups for controlled release urea
Authors: Li Lixia , Wang Meng , Wu Xiandong , Yi Wenping , Xiao Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanocomposite modification has attracted much attention in improving properties of bio-based polymer coating material for coated fertilizer. Herein two comparable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), with eight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and octaphenyl groups attached to the cage, respectively, were successfully incorporated into thin castor oil-based polyurethane coatings via in-situ polymerization on the urea surface. The nanostructure coatings are environmentally friendly, easy to prepare, and property-tunable. The results show that the vertex group of POSS had a pronounced influence on dispersion level and interaction between polyurethane and POSS that well-tuned the release pattern and period of coated urea, even at the coating rate as low as of 2 wt%. The liquid POSS with long and flexible PEG groups had better compatibility and dispersibility in polyurethane matrix than the solid POSS with rigid octaphenyl groups, as evidenced by SEM/EDS. The unique properties were resulted from the different extents of physical crosslinkings. This modification of bio-based polyurethane coating with POSS provided an alternative method of regulating and controlling the properties of coated fertilizer.