bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relevance of lubricating properties indicator into the Russian standard for civil aviation jet fuels introduction
Authors: Gryadunov K I , Kozlov A N , Melnikova I S , Timoschenko A N , Balishin K E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fuel for civil aviation jet engines is aviation kerosene. In the fuel systems of aircraft and aircraft engines, they perform a number of functions, one of the main ones being the lubricating function. The lubricity of fuels depends on many factors, including the technologies for their production, which are constantly changing. The lubricity of Russian fuels for civil aviation is not standardized and not controlled. A comparative assessment of the lubricity of fuel brands used in civil aviation on a four-ball friction machine is shown in the article. The introducing an indicator characterizing the lubricity of fuels into the Russian standard for jet fuels relevance is justified.
X-ray contrast study of a medical nickel-free shape memory alloy TiNbTaZr
Authors: Nasakina E O , Kaplan M A , Sudarchikova M A , Konushkin S V , Novikova D A , Dormidontov N A , Ivannikov A Yu , Shatova L A , Sevostyanov M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of the X-ray contrast of a nickel-free shape memory alloy TiNbTaZr for medical purposes of various compositions was carried out by theoretical calculation of the linear attenuation coefficient and the evaluation of the linear attenuation coefficient by the flaw detection method due to obtaining a contrast image. From the data obtained, it can be argued that all the obtained Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr materials have a radiopacity, the more the higher the content of niobium and tantalum.
Toxicity Pesticides used in Greenhouses and Promising for Predatory Mite Neoseiulus Barkeri (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Glinushkin A P , Yakovleva I N , Meshkov Y I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A type of a phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, acclimatized in industrial greenhouses on the cucumber culture (of Matveevsky, Moscow region) has been identified in protected soil on the territory of the Russian Federation. The key factor of successful survival of this population in protected cultivation perhaps should be considered the formation of mite resistance to some pesticides used in greenhouses. In particular, to avermectin pesticides, which have been occupying a leading position for more than 20 years in the protected soil of Russia. According to the classification of pesticides side effects on organisms used in biological protection, such pesticides as Confidor Extra, Nocturne are considered to be low-risk. They cause the mortality of predatory mite N. barkeri females, not exceeding 25%. The most promising from our point of view is the safest acaricide Scelta (mortality of females at the recommended rate of 4,4%). Therefore, these pesticides may be recommended for use in combination with the predatory mite N. barkeri when introducing environmentalized/green programs of integrated control of the number of dangerous species of harmful arthropods under conditions of protected soil.
Development of methods for preparing lignified cuttings of tall blueberry for rooting
Authors: Matskevich M P , Akimova S V , Samoshenkov E G , Voskoboinikov Yu V , Matskevich P P , Bulanov A E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When propagating tall blueberries by lignified cuttings, the optimal type of substrate and the method of preparing cuttings for rooting have been established. It has been experimentally proven that lignified cuttings before planting for rooting are effectively furrowed (wounding in the lower part of the cuttings along the shoot axis), treated with Ukorzeniacz Baqua growth powder (0.2%) and rooted in a substrate consisting of high peat. At the same time, the rooting rate of the Bluecrop variety was 69% versus 47% in the control rooted on high-moor peat and against 37% in the control rooted on a mixture of high-moor peat with perlite. And in the Northland variety-79% versus 59% in the control rooted on high-moor peat and against 52% in the control rooted on a mixture of high-moor peat with perlite (1:1).
On the need to apply a comprehensive assessment to determine the state of the ecosystem of soil and vegetation cover of urban areas
Authors: Cheremisin A V , Valiullin L R , Moroz A V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The article substantiates the need for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the ecosystem. To do this, it is necessary to carry out studies of the state of soil, water and vegetation cover with various instruments. Testing in a stationary laboratory using a trial area. For additional control of the vegetation cover, use the results of video filming and research using a thermal imager and a radar station. The latter method is extremely effective if the soil or plants contain large quantities of radioactive substances or heavy metals. For research, use previously compiled maps of contamination of territories using GIS technologies. Comparison of these data will help establish causal factors of pollution. In addition, it is possible to reveal the migration of pollution under the influence of various climatic phenomena, etc. The use of high-resolution instruments (for example, an X-ray spectrometer or a power optical microscope) allows one to determine the entire spectrum of contamination in soil, in water and on plant samples. This allows in the future to assess the behavior of chemical elements in the “soil-plant” system to determine the possibility of cleaning the area using plants. Of particular interest is the burning of fallen leaves with burying waste in the ground.
Smart parking for an ecological type of transport-electric scooter
Authors: Nikolaev D I , Chubur N V , Krasnoschekov V V , Diuldin M V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe advantages and disadvantages of using one of the environmentally friendly modes of transport- an electric scooter- are considered. It was noted that one of the constraining factors for the development of this type of transport is the poorly developed infrastructure (convenient and reliable parking lots, places for charging batteries- the range of the electric scooter is no more than 40 km, etc.). One of the options for solving this problem is presented. A universal small-sized parking for electric scooters for 4 places with a battery charging system has been developed. To identify the parking user, a new version of the logical system of interaction between the user and the parking module is presented. This allows the user of the electric scooter to save time searching for a parking space, not waste extra battery power and increase the mobility of employees and students moving between university buildings (the campus consists of 54 buildings). Reduces the load on the air by reducing exhaust emissions.
Global cognitive performance at 4-year follow-up in individuals with atrial fibrillation—findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: McNicholas Triona , Tobin Katy , O’Callaghan Susan , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed as a risk factor for cognitive impairment, even in the absence of a history of stroke. This study investigates whether AF is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline in a community-dwelling population of adults over the age of 50.MethodsData from the 1st and 3rd waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were used (4-year follow-up period). TILDA is a large prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults over the age of 50 in Ireland. AF was assessed via electrocardiogram. Global cognitive function was assessed at baseline and follow-up using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Analysis of global cognition was repeated stratifying by age. Mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to assess for change in rate of errors on MOCA and MOCA subdomains.ResultsA total of 3,417 participants were included in the study. Results found that participants with AF had a greater increase in rate of errors on MOCA over 4-year follow-up (incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.37; P-value 0.023). However, this was no longer significant on controlling for age, sex and level of education (IRR 1.08; 95% CI 0.93, 1.25; P-value 0.332). There was no difference when stratifying by age group, or when separating MOCA into subdomains.ConclusionIndividuals with AF were more likely to show an increase in rate of errors between waves 1 and 3 (4-year follow-up period) in the TILDA population; however, results were not significant when controlling for age, sex and level of education.
Twenty-Four-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement Using a Novel Noninvasive, Cuffless, Wireless Device
Authors: Nachman Dean , Gilan Adi , Goldstein Nir , Constantini Keren , Littman Romi , Eisenkraft Arik , Grossman Ehud , Gepner Yftach 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) using cuff-based devices is used for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Technical limitations, low compliance, and complex procedures limit their use. The aim of the present study was to test the accuracy of a new photoplethysmography-based, wearable device (Wrist-monitor) as compared with the standard cuff-based ABPM device.

METHODS
Twenty-four-hour (24H) ABPM was performed in parallel for both devices on volunteers aged 18–65 years, while documenting their daily activities. Level of comfort and activity disturbance of both devices were recorded. Linear regression and Bland–Altman were used to evaluate the agreement between devices. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to classify hypertension based on the average Wrist-monitor measurements as compared with a cuff-based ABPM device.

RESULTS
The study included 28 subjects (18 men) mean age 41.5 ± 16.2 years. Bland–Altman analysis resulted in 24H bias of −1.1 mm Hg for both diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Mean daytime bias was −1.9 mm Hg for DBP and SBP, while nighttime bias was smaller (0.7 and 0.4 mm Hg for DBP and SBP, respectively). ROC curve analysis yielded a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 1 for SBP and 24H blood pressure measurements. AUCs of 0.994 and 0.955 were found for the daytime DBP and night DBP, respectively. 24H ABPM with the Wrist-monitor caused significantly less inconvenience compared with the cuff-based device (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The cuffless device provides comparable measurements to those obtained with the currently used cuff-based ABPM device, with significantly less inconvenience to the subject.

Clinical trials registration
Trial Number NCT03810586.
Psychosocial Protective Factors in Cognitive Aging: A Targeted Review
Authors: Zahodne Laura B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The lack of disease-modifying pharmacological agents for dementia highlights the critical importance of prevention, but known modifiable factors (e.g., education, physical health and health behaviors, depression, and social isolation) do not fully represent potential intervention targets. Positive psychosocial factors predict cognitive aging outcomes above and beyond known risk factors and may also correspond to upstream determinants that open up new avenues for prevention and intervention, as well as for reducing racial/ethnic inequalities in dementia. In this brief report, I summarize contemporary evidence for three positive psychosocial factors that appear to be particularly relevant to cognitive aging: perceived control, religious involvement, and social relations.

Methods
Targeted review and synthesis of published studies.

Results
Each of the multidimensional constructs appears to contain “active ingredients” that could help to optimize cognitive aging through disparate mechanisms. Although historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups face disproportionate barriers to accessing certain psychosocial protective factors (e.g., perceived control), these same groups also exhibit naturally occurring sources of psychosocial resilience (e.g., religious involvement) that allow them to achieve better late-life cognitive health than would be otherwise expected. With regard to social relations, converging evidence from disparate studies shows that fostering late-life friendships in particular may have high potential for building cognitive reserve and promoting healthy cognitive aging.

Conclusions
Positive psychosocial factors represent culturally relevant resources that, through careful research, could ultimately be harnessed to promote better cognitive aging for a growing and increasingly diverse population of older adults.
Virtue Ethics and Particularism
Authors: Sandis Constantine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoral particularism is often conceived as the view that there are no moral principles. However, its most fêted accounts focus almost exclusively on rules regarding actions and their features. Such action-centred particularism is, I argue, compatible with generalism at the level of character traits. The resulting view is a form of particularist virtue ethics. This endorses directives of the form ‘Be X’ but rejects any implication that the relevant X-ness must therefore always count in favour of an action.
From the river to the ocean: mitochondrial DNA analyses provide evidence of spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus Linnaeus 1758) mainland–insular dispersal
Authors: Balaguera-Reina Sergio A , Konvalina John D , Mohammed Ryan S , Gross Brandon , Vazquez Ryan , Moncada Juan Felipe , Ali Saiyaad , Hoffman Eric A , Densmore Llewellyn D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are few studies that have investigated the evolutionary history of large vertebrates on islands off the Caribbean coast of South America. Here we use the spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) to investigate among- and within-population patterns of genetic diversity to understand connectivity between island and mainland populations. The spectacled caiman is naturally distributed across Central and South America including the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, which are considered to have the only natural insular populations of the species. Because of this apparent isolation, we sought to determine whether caimans on Trinidad and Tobago comprise a unique lineage and have reduced genetic diversity compared to mainland caimans. We test these hypotheses by using mitochondrial DNA variation to assess the phylogenetic and phylogeographical relationships of the C. crocodilus populations inhabiting these islands within the evolutionary context of the entire spectacled caiman complex. Phylogenetic analyses placed the Trinidad and Tobago samples together with samples from Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil into one well-supported clade, which corresponds to the defined Orinoco/upper Negro lineage. Interestingly, the majority of sequences from Trinidad and Tobago are similar or identical to haplotypes reported from Venezuela and Colombia, supporting the idea of a dispersal process from the Orinoco River to these islands. We discuss the implications of our findings for systematics and the conservation of the species and how these dispersal movements could shape the current phylogeographical structure depicted for C. crocodilus.
The Hidden Harms of Prison Life for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Gormley Caitlin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
People with learning disabilities’ experiences of punishment and prison life remain invisible within prison policy and research. With participants’ voices central, this paper makes visible the hidden harms experienced by a hidden population, exposing the multi-faceted and nested forms of harm that people with learning disabilities encounter while in prison as a result of direct and indirect discrimination. It highlights the ways in which they navigate prison life and respond to structural and inaccessible barriers that adversely impact their understanding of their sentence, access to services, and ontological security. By drawing together conceptual and methodological insights from disability studies and prison sociology, I offer new insights into the distinct yet challenging aspects of prison life for people with learning disabilities.
‘The Usual Suspects’: Knife Crime Prevention Orders and the ‘Difficult’ Regulatory Subject
Authors: Hendry Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKnife Crime Prevention Orders (KCPOs) were introduced by the Offensive Weapons Act 2019 with the stated aim of providing additional tools for police to use in combatting increasing rates of knife crime in England and Wales. This article situates KCPOs within a continuous policy trend of procedural hybridization, and highlights the worrying manner in which such criminalization, underpinned by a preventive logic and facilitated by this hybrid procedure, enables new forms of ‘othering’. Drawing a threefold distinction within the concept of the regulatory subject—the responsible, the rational/virtuous and the difficult/other—it argues that preventive hybrids generate a self-fulfilling category of ‘difficult’ subjects, while simultaneously denying them the procedural protections normally afforded to the responsible subject of classical criminal law.
Secrecy as best policy? Stigma management and employment outcomes after release from prison
Authors: Ramakers Anke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLittle is known about how individuals with a criminal record manage their stigma, if they adjust their strategy over time and whether chosen strategies are related to reintegration success. This study aims to answer these questions using longitudinal data of the Prison Project—a nationwide cohort study among male prisoners in the Netherlands. On average, these men do not hide their criminal past, but a substantial group endorses the secrecy strategy, even two years after release. Individuals' current stigma management strategies seem to neither improve nor worsen employment outcomes. More insight into how offenders manage their stigma is warranted and may contribute to their reintegration.
‘Social Care Told me I Had to’: Empowerment And Responsibilization in The Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme
Authors: Hadjimatheou Katerina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDomestic Violence Disclosure Schemes (DVDS), recently introduced in many jurisdictions, aim to empower victim-survivors of domestic abuse by giving them access to information about their partner’s criminal history. This paper presents findings from the largest study of the police implementation of the first such scheme, introduced in the United Kingdom in 2014. It finds that the disclosure process is increasingly being shaped by a child protection agenda that makes victim-survivors responsible for protecting their children from the harms of domestic abuse. It examines tensions and dilemmas this raises for police seeking to safeguarding and empower victim-survivors, and draws on feminist ethical theory to develop a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics between the professional spheres of domestic abuse and child protection.
Mortality From Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children Under 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Community Cohort Study in Rural Maharashtra, India
Authors: Simões Eric A F , Dani Vibhawari , Potdar Varsha , Crow Rowena , Satav Shilpa , Chadha Mandeep S , Hessong Danielle , Carosone-Link Phyllis , Palaskar Sameer , Satav Ashish 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection deaths in infants, there are few data on infant community deaths caused by RSV.MethodsThis was an active surveillance of children younger than 2 years of age in 93 villages, 5 primary health centers, and 3 hospitals serving these villages. Village health workers and counselors at the health facilities monitored all lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in consented subjects. Children with severe, or very severe LRTIs and all who died, had nasopharyngeal swabs collected for detection of RSV by molecular methods.ResultsIn the 12 134 subjects, there were 2064 episodes of severe LRTIs and 1732 of very severe LRTIs, of which 271 and 195, respectively, had RSV. Fifteen of 16 (94%) children with RSV died of LRTIs, 14 in the community and 1 in the hospital. The case fatality ratios for severe RSV LRTIs in the first 6 months of life were 3/52 (7.1%) and 1/36 (2.8%) in the community and hospital, respectively. Of those with very severe LRTIs in the community, 17.6% died. There were no very severe RSV LRTI hospital deaths. The adjusted RSV LRTI mortality rates ranged from 1.0 to 3.0/1000 child-years (CY) overall, and 2.0 to 6.1/1000 CY, accounting for 20% of the LRTI deaths and 10% of the postneonatal infant mortality.ConclusionsCommunity deaths from RSV account for the majority of RSV LRTI deaths, and efforts at prevention should be preferentially directed at populations where access to care is limited.
Prognostic value of shock index in patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the ARIC study community surveillance
Authors: Chunawala Zainali S , Hall Michael E , Arora Sameer , Dai Xuming , Menon Venu , Smith Sidney C , Matsushita Kunihiro , Caughey Melissa C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Shock index (SI), defined as the ratio of heart rate (HR) to systolic blood pressure (SBP), is easily obtained and predictive of mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, large-scale evaluations of SI in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are lacking.

Methods and results
Hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction were sampled from four US areas by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and classified by physician review. Shock index was derived from the HR and SBP at first presentation and considered high when ≥0.7. From 2000 to 2014, 18 301 weighted hospitalizations for NSTEMI were sampled and had vitals successfully obtained. Of these, 5753 (31%) had high SI (≥0.7). Patients with high SI were more often female (46% vs. 39%) and had more prevalent chronic kidney disease (40% vs. 32%). TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) risk scores were similar between the groups (4.3 vs. 4.2), but GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome) score was higher with high SI (140 vs. 118). Angiography, revascularization, and guideline-directed medications were less often administered to patients with high SI, and the 28-day mortality was higher (13% vs. 5%). Prediction of 28-day mortality by SI as a continuous measurement [area under the curve (AUC): 0.68] was intermediate to that of the GRACE score (AUC: 0.87) and the TIMI score (AUC: 0.54). After adjustments, patients with high SI had twice the odds of 28-day mortality (odds ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–2.80).

Conclusion
The SI is easily obtainable, performs moderately well as a predictor of short-term mortality in patients hospitalized with NSTEMI, and may be useful for risk stratification in emergency settings.