bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost of correcting for error during sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Sedaghat-Nejad Ehsan , Shadmehr Reza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Learning from error is often a slow process. To accelerate learning, previous motor adaptation studies have focused on explicit factors such as reward or punishment, but the results have been inconsistent. Here, we considered the idea that a movement error carries an implicit cost for the organism because the act of correcting for error consumes time and energy. If this implicit cost could be modulated, it may robustly alter how the brain learns from error. To vary the cost of error, we considered a simple saccade adaptation task but combined it with motion discrimination: movement errors resulted in corrective saccades, but those corrections took time away from acquiring information in the discrimination task. We then modulated error cost using coherence of the discrimination task and found that when error cost was large, pupil diameter increased, and the brain learned more from error. However, when error cost was small, the pupil constricted, and the brain learned less from the same error. Thus, during sensorimotor adaptation, the act of correcting for error carried an implicit cost for the brain. Modulating this cost affects how the brain learns from error.
Primary Care Providers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Family-Centered Care for Older Adults: A Qualitative Study of Community-Based Diabetes Management in China
Authors: Liao Jing , Tu Jiong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Family-centered care, as a contemporary model of health service delivery, involves a mutually beneficial partnership between healthcare providers, patients and their families. Although evidence on the positive effects of family-centered care on older adults and their families is accumulating, less is known about the providers’ beliefs, attitudes and practices related to family-centeredness, especially regarding community-based primary healthcare services for the rapidly-ageing Chinese population. Methods: This study investigated Chinese primary care providers’ perceptions and experiences of family-centered care for older adults, using community-based diabetes management services as an example. Ten focus-group interviews involving 48 community health professionals were conducted. Major themes were identified using thematic analysis. Results: The interviews revealed that the providers acknowledged the importance of the family in older patients’ diabetes management, while their current scope of practice with the patients’ families was limited and informal. The barriers to implementing family-centered care were attributed to structural and environmental obstacles associated with the patients’ families and the community healthcare context and culture. To engage patients’ families more effectively, the providers suggested that family-centered values endorsed by their healthcare organizations and reinforced by policies, a trained interdisciplinary team of health professionals and community social workers, and also that the utilization of technology would be beneficial. Conclusions: Our study extends the evidence of family-centered care for older adults in Chinese community-based healthcare settings, contributing to the design of a tailored healthcare delivery model embodying ageing in place.
TP53 Mutation in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Niparuck Pimjai , Police Pornnapa , Noikongdee Phichchapha , Siriputtanapong Kanchana , Limsuwanachot Nittaya , Rerkamnuaychoke Budsaba , Chuncharunee Suporn , Siriboonpiputtana Teerapong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: TP53 mutation is found frequently in therapy related acute myeloid leukemia (AML)/ myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), AML and MDS patients with monosomy or complex karyotype. However, the prevalence and treatment outcome in TP53 mutated AML/MDS patients in Asian population are scarce. We therefore conducted this study to analyze the prevalence and the treatment outcomes of TP53 mutation in AML and MDS-EB patients. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed AML and MDS-EB were recruited, extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid from bone marrow samples were done and then performing TP53 mutation analysis, using MassArray® System (Agena Bioscience, CA, USA). Results: A total of 132 AML/MDS patients were recruited, patients with de novo AML, secondary AML, MDS-EB1, MDS-EB2 and T-AML/MDS were seen in 66%, 13%, 9%, 9% and 3%, respectively. TP53 mutation was found in 14 patients (10.6%), and prevalence of TP53 mutation in T-AML/MDS, secondary AML, de novo AML and MDS-EB patients were 50%, 17.6%, 9.2% and 8%, respectively. Three patients had double heterozygous TP53 mutation. Mutated TP53 was significantly detected in patients with monosomy and complex chromosome. Common TP53 mutation were R290C, T220C, A249S and V31I which V31I mutation was reported only in Taiwanese patients. Most variant allele frequency (VAF) of TP53 mutation in the study were greater than 40%. Three year-overall survival (OS) in the whole population was 22%, 3y-OS in AML and MDS-EB patients were 22% and 27%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, factors affecting OS in 132 AML/MDS patients was mutant TP53 (P= 0.023, HR= 1.20- 7.02), whereas, WBC count> 100,000/μL (P= 0.004, HR= 1.32- 4.16) and complex karyotype (P= 0.038, HR= 1.07- 9.78) were associated with shorter OS in AML patients. Discussion: In this study, the prevalence of TP53 mutation in de novo AML and MDS-EB patients were low but it had impact on survival. Patients with monosomy or complex karyotype had more frequent TP53 mutation.
Is Suicide of Older Adults With Dementia Preventable? Evaluation of the Effect of Long-term Care Insurance System
Authors: Moon Sungje , Choi Mankyu , Sohn Minsung 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: South Korea has the highest older adults’ suicide rate in the world. This study proposed a multifaceted policy to reduce the suicide risk among older adults with dementia by evaluating the effectiveness of the expanded long-term care insurance coverage.Methods: About 62,282 older adults with dementia were selected as study samples from the National Health Insurance Service’s “Older Adults Cohort DB (2002 to 2015).” This study confirmed how the demographic characteristics, health status, and the long-term care services (LTCS) of older adults with dementia affect their suicide. Data analysis was conducted with the Kaplan-Meier, Cox-regression to represent the yearly survival curve from 2002 to 2015, and the suicide rate was identified by demographic characteristics, health status, and policy. Also, difference-in-differences (DID) estimation was conducted to analyze the effect of LTCS on suicide rates by comparing statuses before and after 2014.Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences in sex, activities of daily living, cognitive ability, caregivers, and use of LTCS (Log-rank test p<0.001). The suicide risk of older adults using LTCS was about 0.256 times lower than those who did not use it (p<.001), after adjusting controls. Regarding the policy effect of LTCS, their suicide rate increased after the expansion of dementia grade (OR=2.131, 95% CI=1.061-4.280) but was still lower among LTCS users than non-users (OR=0.296, 95% CI=0.183-0.478). The interaction term indicating whether older adults with dementia use LTCS after the expansion of dementia grade was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study not only identified differences in suicide rates depending on the sex, ADL, and type of caregiver at the individual level, but also confirmed that national policies and long-term care services could protect their lives. It highlights the importance of national level management to prevent suicide among older adults with dementia and offers effective policy suggestions.
Mantle sources of Cenozoic volcanic activities around the South China Sea revealed by geochemical and isotopic data using the principal component analysis (PCA)
Authors: Chen Shuangshuang , Wang Zewei , Gao Rui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to analyze geochemical and isotopic data and interpret the characteristics and types of mantle sources of Cenozoic volcanic activities around the South China Sea (SCS). Fifteen trace element indicators and five isotopic indicators were surveyed from 623 volcanic rock samples obtained from the SCS, Hainan Island, Fujian–Zhejiang, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Thailand to characterize the geochemical properties of the volcanic rocks, determine the types of mantle sources, and assess the influence degree of each mantle source. Two principal components (PCs) were extracted by PCA based on trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic ratios, which are an enriched oceanic island basalt-type mantle plume and a depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt-type spreading ridge. In the Southeast Asian region, the influence of Hainan mantle plume on younger volcanic activities (< 13 Ma) was greater than that on older ones (> 13 Ma) in the same location. PCA was used to verify the mantle plume–ridge interaction model of volcanic activities beneath the expansion center of the SCS and refute the hypothesis that the tension in the SCS is triggered by the Hainan plume. The results of this study demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of PCA to the discussion of mantle sources of volcanic activities and provide a new method with which to analyze geochemical data.
Prospective Observational Study of an Eye-tracking Device for Under 12 Months of Age Infants; the Feasibility of Gazefinder
Authors: Takahashi Tomoo , Tsukamoto Kazuki , Matsumura Misaki , Takigawa Ryo , Sakai Yasuo , Maniwa Sokichi , Murphy Lynne , Taketani Takeshi , Fukushima Shuntaro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Eye-tracking to evaluate gaze patterns has developed as an assessment tool for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Gazefinder is one of Eye-tracking devices and few studies have investigated whether it can measure the gaze data of infants under 12 months of age. We conducted a prospective observational study from April 2019 to March 2020 in a periodic health checkup in Ohchi County, Shimane, Japan. Participants included infants between 4 and 11 months of age who were not suspected the presence of developmental problems. Ninety-three participants’ datapoints were analyzed. The mean age was 6.5 months and mean developmental quotient was 88%. The mean fixation time percentage of all sequences was 81.0% (standard deviation; 4.4), and there was no significant difference in each age group. Infants in all groups showed a significantly higher predilection for eyes than for mouths. There was a positive association of age with human gaze and a negative association with geometric gaze. Moreover, we confirmed that joint attention skills were enhanced in accordance with their growth process. The eye-tracking data were almost corresponding to previous studies’ data of infant with typical development and Gazefinder could be applied to infants starting at 4 months of age.
Risk Factors Associated With Scabies Infestation Among Schoolchildren in a Low Socio-Economic Area in Southeast of Iran
Authors: Sanei-Dehkordi Alireza , Soleimani-Ahmadi Moussa , Zare Mehdi , Jaberhashemi Seyed Aghil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Scabies is a neglected tropical disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei that burrows under the skin. It is a major health problem in tropical areas, largely affecting children. Scabies is common and highly contagious and in schoolchildren spreads quite rapidly, due to overcrowding and close contact within the schools. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with scabies infestation among schoolchildren in Bashagard County, one of the low socio-economic areas in southeast of Iran.Methods: To conduct this community-based cross-sectional study, four primary schools were randomly selected in the Bashagard County. In each school all of the students were selected and examined for scabies. Clinical examination and sociodemographic profile of students were assessed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software.Results: Out of 480 studied schoolchildren, there were 15 cases of scabies with a prevalence of 3.1%. The frequency of infestation in males was 1.6% and it was 4.7% in females. Independent factors associated with a high risk of scabies infestation in unadjusted analysis were being student of grade 5-6 (OR =13.12, 95% CI 2.92-58.89, p= 0.0001), being older than 10 years (OR =36.07, 95% CI 7.96-163.28, p= 0.0001), low educational level of father (OR =4.37, 95% CI 0.97-19.59, p= 0.036), low educational level of mother (OR =4.14, 95% CI 1.92-18.57, p=0.045), father’s joblessness (OR =14.77, 95% CI 4.97-43.89, p=0.0001), employment of mother (OR =5.28, 95% CI 1.38-20.16, p=0.007), large family size (OR =3.34, 95% CI 1.05-10.64, p=0.031), use of shared articles (OR =33.37, 95% CI 10.82-102.90, p= 0.0001), and absence of bathroom in the house (OR =11.77, 95% CI 2.16-63.94, p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Results of this study confirm that scabies is still one of the most important health problem in the Primary schools of the Bashagard County. Low socioeconomic status and personal hygiene of the schoolchildren were the most important factors significantly influencing the prevalence of scabies. Improvement of socioeconomic conditions and implementation of appropriate educational programs and active surveillance system to quickly detect and treat scabies cases is necessary to reduce the prevalence of scabies in schoolchildren in this area.
Identification of a Novel Genomic Region Associated With Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Chinese Winter Wheat
Authors: Zhao Yunzhe , Zhao Xinying , Ji Mengqi , Fang Wenqi , Guo Hong , Guo Xin , Chen Guangfeng , Tian Jichun , Deng Zhiying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Responses in LPS-challenged Weaned Piglets via Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Xu Yinglei , Ge Pu , Li Qing , Mao Huiling , Yang Caimei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), an extensively administered oral drug carrier, were found to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the effects of CNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets and the related mechanisms were investigated. A total of 24 piglets (21 ± 2 days, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, initial mass: 8.58±0.59kg) were randomly assigned into four groups: control, LPS, CNP, and CNP+LPS. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, whereas the CNP and CNP+LPS groups were fed a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg CNP. After 28 days of feeding, the LPS and CNP+LPS groups were injected with LPS at 100μg/kg, meanwhile the control and CNP groups were injected with equal volumes of sterile saline solution. After 4 hours from the LPS challenge, all pigs were sacrificed for analysis.Results: CNP ameliorated the structural and developmental damages to the small intestine caused by LPS treatment. LPS induced invasion of neutrophils into the intestinal mucosa of the jejunum (P < 0.01), which resulted in marked increased secretion of marks of inflammation (p<0.01) compared with the control group. Whereas, CNP administration obviously inhibited LPS induced neutrophils invasion (P<0.01) and marks of inflammation, such as interleukin-8(p<0.05), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(p<0.05), and interferon-γ(p=0.7694), secretion in jejunum mucosa compared with LPS group. Moreover, CNP was shown to reduce cytoplasmic IκB-α degradation accompanied by reduced nuclear NF-κB p65 levels in LPS-inflamed piglets. Conclusion: CNP attenuates intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged weaned piglets by impairing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of CNP as a functional feed additive in piglets.
No-Touch Harvesting in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With Sequential Saphenous Vein Grafting: A Single-Centre Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hou Xuejian , Zhang Kui , Liu Taoshuai , Li Yang , Zhao Yang , Song Bangrong , Huang Zhuhui , Xu Shijun , Zheng Jubing , Dong Ran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The main graft material for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the combination of the internal mammary artery and great saphenous vein. The patency rate of vein grafts is considered not ideal; more studies support that the no-touch (NT) procedure can improve the patency rate of vein grafts. However, it is not clear that the NT technology is used in the sequential saphenous vein grafting during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. This study explored whether the NT technique is as safe and effective as the conventional technique in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery using sequential vein grafts.Methods: This was a prospective single-centre randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 200 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in the sequential saphenous graft were randomly assigned to two groups: the no-touch (NT) and conventional (CON) groups. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected during the hospital stay. The occlusion of sequential grafts was measured by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) 3 months post CABG. Leg wound complications were followed up. The mean diameter of sequential grafts for the first 100 patients was measured using CCTA 3 months after the operation.Results: The primary endpoint was that there was no difference in occlusion of sequential venous grafts between the two groups (NT: 9/180 (4.4%), CON: 5/194 (1.5%), p=0.22). Similarly, there were no differences in composite clinical events (NT: 2/91 (2.2%), CON: 1/96 (1.0%), p=0.96). There was no difference in leg wound complications between the two groups (NT: 8/91 (8.8%), CON: 4/96 (4.2%), p=0.20). However, there was a significant difference in the average diameter of sequential grafts between the two groups (NT: (2.98±0.42), CON: (3.26±0.51), p=0.005).Conclusions: The early clinical results suggest that the NT technique is as safe and effective as the conventional technique in sequential grafting in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. The sequential graft early expansion in the NT technique is not as pronounced as that in the conventional technique, which may have a long-term protective effect on the grafts.Trial Registration: Registered 1 November 2018, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03729531, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Impact of Perioperative Use of Parecoxib on Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ge Xiaodong , Pan Yan , Jin Danfeng , Wang Ying , Ge Shengjin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in elderly patients negatively impacts recovery, quality of life, and physical functioning. This study aimed to test parecoxib's superiority versus placebo in combination with epidural anesthesia in preventing chronic post-hepatectomy pain in elderly patients.Methods One hundred and five elderly patients undergoing hepatectomy were randomized to the parecoxib group or placebo group combined with epidural anesthesia. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with CPSP at postoperative three months. The secondary outcomes included the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire score in CPSP-positive responders, acute pain intensity, postoperative analgesic demand, inflammatory markers change, and postoperative complications within 28 days. Results The parecoxib group provided a non-significant absolute 9.1% reduction in the rate of CPSP compared with the placebo group (35.3% vs. 44.4%, P=0.34). The average chronic pain verbal analog scale in the parecoxib group was lower than that in the placebo group (median (IQR) 2(1, 2) vs. 3 (2, 3), P=0.04). Significantly less moderate-to-severe acute pain at rest (4.3% vs. 17.3%, P=0.04) and with coughing (32.6% vs. 73.1%, P<0.001), less patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) consumption ( 197.4±43.6mL vs. 219.2±42.4mL, P=0.01) and less rescue analgesia (median (IQR) 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 2), P<0.001) were observed in parecoxib group. Furthermore, there was no between-group difference in inflammatory markers (P>0.05) and postoperative complications (11.8% vs.14.8%, P=0.65).Conclusions Parecoxib reduced the prevalence of CPSP in elderly patients undergoing hepatectomy under epidural analgesia from 44.4% to 35.3% with no statistical significance. Meanwhile, significantly alleviated CPSP intensity and improved acute pain management were observed.Trial Registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=56961&htm=4) on August 3, 2020 (ChiCTR-2000035198).
WITHDRAWN: Functional Analysis of Calmodulin Binding Protein 60s in Disease Resistance Responses in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Kumari Diksha , Prasad Bishun Deo , Nirala R. B. P. , Sahni Sangita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOccurrence and prevention of diseases have a big impact on sustainability of staple food crop like rice. The crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary messengers in host cell during infestation of pathogens play a pivotal role in defence responses. Apart from SA and JA, the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in defence responses in plants is unprecedented. The calcium signatures observed during early infection process modulates the expression of calmodulin and other Ca2+ binding protein followed by their interactions with calmodulin binding protein (CBP), which are pivotal in elucidating defence responses in plant. Numerous CBPs have been identified, which modulated stress responses with the help of CBD and other functional domain. Interestingly, Arabidopsis CBP60 (AtCBP60) family protein, SARD1, was involved in defense responses via SAR. However, no rice CBP60 (OsCBP60) has been identified in relation to pathogen infection yet. ResultsIn present investigation, 15 OsCBP60 genes were identified using BLASTP searchers using AtCBP60s as bait sequences. Expression studies showed that 3 OsCBP60s (OsCBP60_5, OsCBP60_10, and OsCBP60_15) genes were upregulated consistently in all the time point studied in rice seedlings treated with fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae) and bacterial (Xanthomonas oryzae) pathogens. Differential expression of OsCBP60s genes were observed in salicylic acid (SA), epi-brassinosteroid (EBR) and jasmonic acid (JA) treated rice seedlings. Taken together, OsCBP60_5 was found to be upregulated in both pathogens and two phytohormones (SA and EBR) treatment. ConclusionsThe differential expression of OsCBP60s genes under phytohormones and pathogens treatment suggests that these genes might be important targets for increasing biotic stress responses in rice.