bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afferent and Efferent Neuro-Ophthalmic Complications of Coronavirus Disease 19
Authors: Tisdale Alanna K. , Dinkin Marc , Chwalisz Bart K. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To provide a summary of the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) documented in the literature thus far.

Methods:
The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords: Neuro-Ophthalmology, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and coronavirus. A manual search through reference lists of relevant articles was also performed.

Results/Conclusions:
The literature on COVID-associated neuro-ophthalmic disease continues to grow. Afferent neuro-ophthalmic complications associated with COVID-19 include optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, papilledema, visual disturbance associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and vision loss caused by stroke. Efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications associated with COVID-19 include cranial neuropathies, Miller Fisher syndrome, Adie's pupils, ocular myasthenia gravis, nystagmus and eye movement disorders. Proposed mechanisms of neurologic disease include immunologic upregulation, vasodilation and vascular permeability, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and direct viral neurotropism. When patients present to medical centers with new onset neuro-ophthalmic conditions during the pandemic, COVID-19 infection should be kept on the differential.
Uncovering the compounding effects of COVID-19 and racism on mental health disparities among biomedical PhD and MD students
Authors: Schad Allison , Layton Rebekah L. , Ragland Debra , Cook Jeanette Gowen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing visibility of mental health challenges for academic and graduate trainee populations has led to discussion of the role higher education institutions should play to address trainee mental health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing racial injustice. To address the growing concern about training impacts on medical and biomedical doctoral trainee mental health, a cross-sectional study (n=957) was conducted using institutional annual survey data analyzed by type of training program, race/ethnicity, and survey year on measures of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, problems related to substance use, and suicidal ideation. Results indicated significant differences for rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, with biomedical doctoral trainees showing greater incidence than medical doctoral trainees, and underrepresented minority trainees showing greater incidence than well-represented trainees. The concerningly high rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among these trainee populations suggest that medical and biomedical doctoral training environments must be transformed in addition to expanding mental health support resources.
Liver-specific polygenic risk score is more strongly associated than genome-wide score with Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis in a case-control analysis
Authors: Panyard Daniel J. , Deming Yuetiva K. , Darst Burcu F. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Blennow Kaj , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Suridjan Ivonne , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Engelman Corinne D. , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has greatly improved in recent years, the root cause remains unclear, making it difficult to find effective diagnosis and treatment options. Our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying AD has benefited from genomic analyses, including those that leverage polygenic risk score (PRS) models of disease. In many aspects of genomic research the use of functional annotation has been able to improve the power of genomic models. Here, we leveraged genomic functional annotations to build tissue-specific PRS models for 13 tissues and applied the scores to two longitudinal cohort studies of AD. The PRS model that was most predictive of AD diagnosis relative to cognitively unimpaired participants was the liver tissue score: n = 1,116; odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.19 (1.70-2.82) per standard deviation (SD) increase in PRS; P = 1.46 × 10−9. After removing theAPOElocus from the PRS models, the liver score was the only PRS to remain statistically significantly associated with AD diagnosis after multiple testing correction, although the effect was weaker: OR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.19-2.02) per SD increase in PRS; P = 0.0012. In follow-up analysis, the liver PRS was statistically significantly associated with levels of amyloid (P = 3.53 × 10−6) and tau (P = 1.45 × 10−5) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (when theAPOElocus was included) and nominally associated with CSF soluble TREM2 levels (P = 0.042) (when theAPOElocus was excluded). These findings provide further evidence of the role of the liver-functional genome in AD and the benefits of incorporating functional annotation into genomic research.
COVID-19 and pregnancy: An umbrella review of clinical presentation, vertical transmission, and maternal and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Bardach Ariel , Comandé Daniel , Berrueta Mabel , Argento Fernando J. , Cairoli Federico Rodriguez , Zamora Natalia , María Victoria Santa , Xiong Xu , Zaraa Sabra , Mazzoni Agustina , Buekens Pierre 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) summarizing the best evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and child health following Cochrane methods and PRISMA statement for reporting (PROSPERO-CRD42020208783).MethodsWe searched literature databases and COVID-19 research websites from January to October 2020. We selected relevant SRs reporting adequate search strategy, data synthesis, risk of bias assessment, and/or individual description of included studies describing COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. Pair of reviewers independently selected studies through COVIDENCE web-software, performed the data extraction, and assessed its quality through the AMSTAR-2 tool. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Each SR’s results were synthesized and for the most recent, relevant, comprehensive, and with the highest quality, by predefined criteria, we presented GRADE evidence tables.ResultsWe included 66 SRs of observational studies out of 608 references retrieved and most (61/66) had “critically low” overall quality. We found a relatively low degree of primary study overlap across SRs. The most frequent COVID-19 clinical findings during pregnancy were fever (28-100%), mild respiratory symptoms (20-79%), raised C-reactive protein (28-96%), lymphopenia (34-80%), and pneumonia signs in diagnostic imaging (7-99%). The most frequent maternal outcomes were C-section (23-96%) and preterm delivery (14-64%). Most of their babies were asymptomatic (16-93%) or presented fever (0-50%), low birth weight (5-43%) or preterm delivery (2-69%). The odds ratio (OR) of receiving invasive ventilation for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 pregnant women was 1.88 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.36-2.60) and the OR that their babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit was 3.13 (95%CI 2.05-4.78). The risk of congenital transmission or via breast milk was estimated to be low, but close contacts may carry risks.ConclusionThis comprehensive overview supports that pregnant women with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and low risk of congenital transmission.Tweetable abstractA new comprehensive overview of the best available systematic reviews about the harmful effects of COVID-19 on maternal/perinatal outcomes.
Understanding microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19 via massive single-cell imaging of circulating platelets
Authors: Kanno Hiroshi , Zhou Yuqi , Nishikawa Masako , Xiao Ting-Hui , Suzuki Takuma , Ibayashi Yuma , Harmon Jeffrey , Takizawa Shigekazu , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Nitta Nao , Kameyama Risako , Peterson Walker , Takiguchi Jun , Shifat-E-Rabbi Mohammad , Zhuang Yan , Yin Xuwang , Mohammad Rubaiyat Abu Hasnat , Deng Yunjie , Zhang Hongqian , Miyata Shigeki , Rohde Gustavo K. , Iwasaki Wataru , Yatomi Yutaka , Goda Keisuke 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTA characteristic clinical feature of COVID-19 is the frequent incidence of microvascular thrombosis. In fact, COVID-19 autopsy reports have shown widespread thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by extensive diffuse microthrombi within peripheral capillaries and arterioles in lungs, hearts, and other organs, resulting in multiorgan failure. However, the underlying process of COVID-19-associated microvascular thrombosis remains elusive due to the lack of tools to statistically examine platelet aggregation (i.e., the initiation of microthrombus formation) in detail. Here we present a method for massive image-based profiling, temporal monitoring, and big data analysis of circulating platelets and platelet aggregates in the blood of COVID-19 patients at single-cell resolution, to provide previously unattainable insights into the disease. In fact, our analysis of the image data from 110 hospitalized patients shows the anomalous presence of excessive platelet aggregates in nearly 90% of all COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, results indicate strong links between the concentration of platelet aggregates and the severity, mortality, and respiratory condition of patients with COVID-19. Finally, high-dimensional analysis based on deep learning shows that the disease behaves as systemic thrombosis.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in broadcast media workers
Authors: Martins-Filho Paulo Ricardo , da Silva Danilo Nobre , Santos Danillo Menezes dos , Rezende Márcia Santos , Silva Jessica Paloma Rosa , da Silva Neto Josafá Bonifácio , Schimieguel Dulce Marta , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José , de Souza Siqueira Quintans Jullyana , Nunes Paula Santos , de Sousa Araújo Adriano Antunes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in workers of radio and television (TV) in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil. The study was conducted from December 1 to December 20, 2020, considered the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19 in the state. Our findings showed a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in radio and TV workers, especially among those in the production and operation teams. Prevention and control protocols against COVID-19 should be revised and implemented by media companies. Broadcast media workers should be prioritized in COVID-19 vaccine strategies.
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS ABOUT MEDICAL BILLING: A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Faux Margaret , Adams Jon , Wardle Jon 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe World Health Organization has suggested the solution to health system waste caused by incorrect billing and fraud is policing and prosecution. However, a growing body of evidence suggests leakage may not always be fraudulent or corrupt, with researchers suggesting medical practitioners may sometimes struggle to understand increasingly complex legal requirements around health financing and billing transactions, which may be improved through education. To explore this phenomenon further, we undertook a scoping review of the literature to identify the medical billing education needs of medical practitioners and whether those needs are being met.MethodsEligible records included English language materials published between 1 January 2000 and 4 May 2020. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, LexisNexis and Heinonline.ResultsWe identified 74 records as directly relevant to the search criteria. Despite undertaking a comprehensive, English language search, with no country restrictions, studies meeting the inclusion criteria were limited to three countries (Australia, Canada, U.S), indicating a need for further work internationally. The literature suggests the education needs of medical practitioners in relation to medical billing compliance are not being met and medical practitioners desire more education on this topic. Evidence suggests education may be effective in improving medical billing compliance and reducing waste in health systems. There is broad agreement amongst medical education stakeholders in multiple jurisdictions that medical billing should be viewed as a core competency of medical education, though there is an apparent inertia to include this competency in medical education curricula. Penalties for non-compliant medical billing are serious and medical practitioners are at risk of random audits and investigations for breaches of sometimes incomprehensible, and highly interpretive regulations they may never have been taught.ConclusionDespite acknowledged significance of waste in health systems due to poor practitioner knowledge of billing practices, there has been very little research to date on education interventions to improve health system efficiency at a practitioner level.
GP73 is a glucogenic hormone regulating SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperglycemia
Authors: Wan Luming , Yang Huan , Li Huilong , Gong Jing , Deng Yongqiang , Ke Yuehua , Yang Xiaopan , Lin Haotian , Zhang Yanhong , Wang Changjun , Li Dongyu , Wang Huapeng , Peng Yumeng , Yan Qiulin , Huang Linfei , Wang Xiaolin , Gao Qi , Lin Changqing , Zheng Fei , Xu Lei , Liu Jialong , Zhang Xuemiao , Yang Xiaoli , Qin Chengfeng , Sun Zhiwei , Wu Feixiang , Wei Congwen , Zhong Hui 
Published: May 2021

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces new-onset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes. The pathogenic mechanism underlying this is incompletely understood. Here, we provided evidence linking circulating GP73 with the exaggerated gluconeogenesis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection or glucotoxic condition increased the cellular secretion of GP73. Secreted GP73 trafficked to the liver and kidney to stimulate gluconeogenesis through cAMP/PKA pathway. By using global phosphoproteomics, we found a drastic remodeling of PKA kinase hub exerted by GP73. Notably, COVID-19 patients showed pathologically elevated plasma GP73, and neutralization of the secreted GP73 inhibited enhanced PKA signaling and glucose production associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. GP73 blockade also reduced gluconeogenesis and lowered hyperglycemia in type 2 (T2D) diabetic mice. Therefore, our findings provide novel insight into the roles of GP73 as a key glucogenic hormone and mechanistic clues underlying the development of SARS-CoV-induced glucose abnormalities.
Dose-Related Effects of Ketamine for Antidepressant-Resistant Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans and Active Duty Military: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Multi-Center Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdallah Chadi G. , Roache John D. , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Averill Lynnette A. , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Shiroma Paulo R. , Purohit Prerana , Brundige Antoinette , Murff William , Ahn Kyung-Heup , Sherif Mohamed A. , Baltutis Eric J. , Ranganathan Mohini , D’Souza Deepak , Martini Brenda , Southwick Steven M. , Petrakis Ismene L. , Burson Rebecca R. , Guthmiller Kevin B. , López-Roca Argelio L. , Lautenschlager Karl A. , McCallin John P. , Hoch Matthew B. , Timchenko Alexandar , Souza Sergio E. , Bryant Charles E. , Mintz Jim , Litz Brett T. , Williamson Douglas E. , Keane Terence M. , Peterson Alan L. ,   Consortium to Alleviate PTSD, Krystal John H. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study tested the efficacy of repeated intravenous ketamine doses to reduce antidepressant-resistant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsVeterans and service members with PTSD (n=158) who failed previous antidepressant treatment were randomized to 8 infusions administered twice weekly of intravenous placebo (n=54), low dose (0.2mg/kg; n=53) or standard dose (0.5mg/kg; n=51) ketamine. Participants were assessed at baseline, during treatment, and for 4 weeks after their last infusion. Primary analyses used mixed effects models. The primary outcome measure was the self-report PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and secondary outcome measures were the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsThere were no significant group-by-time interactions for PTSD symptoms measured by the PCL-5 or CAPS-5. The standard dose ketamine significantly reduced symptoms after the first infusion, while the low dose showed significant symptom reduction after the last infusion and at the 4-week follow-up. The standard ketamine dose also significantly ameliorated depression measured by the MADRS. Ketamine produced dose-related dissociative and psychotomimetic effects, which returned to baseline within 2 hours and were less pronounced with repeated administration. There was no evidence of differential treatment discontinuation by ketamine dose, consistent with good tolerability.ConclusionsThis clinical trial failed to find a significant dose-related effect of ketamine on PTSD symptoms. Secondary analyses suggested that the low dose reduced PTSD symptoms and the standard dose exerted rapid antidepressant effects. Further studies are needed to determine the role of ketamine in PTSD treatment.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT02655692
How are sociodemographic factors associated with 2020/2021 seasonal influenza vaccination behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Ikegami Kazunori , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji ,   the CORoNaWork project
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 2020/2021 seasonal influenza vaccination was carried out under unique situations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Examining the factors affecting vaccine inoculation in a pandemic situation may provide valuable insights. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the 2020/2021 seasonal influenza vaccine intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted on workers aged 20–65 years on December 22–25, 2020, using data from an Internet survey. We set the presence or absence of 2020/2021 seasonal influenza vaccination as the dependent variable, and each aspect of sociodemographic factors, including gender, age, marital status, education, annual household income, and underlying disease, as independent variables. We performed a multilevel logistic regression analysis nested by residence. In total, 26,637 respondents (13,600 men, 13,037 women) participated, and a total of 11,404 individuals (42.8%) received the 2020/2021 influenza vaccine. Significantly more women than men were vaccinated, and the vaccination rate was higher among younger adults, married people, highly educated people, high-income earners, and those with underlying disease. The current results suggested that the relationship between seasonal influenza vaccination behavior and sociodemographic factors differed from the results reported in previous studies in terms of age. These findings suggest that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, young people may have become more aware of the risk of contracting influenza and of the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. In addition, information interventions may have had a positive effect.
Transcriptome analyses reveal tau isoform-driven changes in transposable element and gene expression
Authors: Grundman Jennifer , Spencer Brian , Sarsoza Floyd , Rissman Robert A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlternative splicing of the gene MAPT produces several isoforms of tau protein. Overexpression of these isoforms is characteristic of tauopathies, which are currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. Though non-canonical functions of tau have drawn interest, the role of tau isoforms in these diseases has not been fully examined and may reveal new details of tau-driven pathology. In particular, tau has been shown to promote activation of transposable elements — highly regulated nucleotide sequences that replicate throughout the genome and can promote immunologic responses and cellular stress. This study examined tau isoforms’ roles in promoting cell damage and dysregulation of genes and transposable elements at a family-specific and locus-specific level. We performed immunofluorescence, Western blot and cytotoxicity assays, along with paired-end RNA sequencing on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentiviral constructs of tau isoforms and treated with amyloid-beta oligomers. Our transcriptomic findings were validated using publicly available RNA-sequencing data from Alzheimer’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and control human samples from the Accelerating Medicine’s Partnership for AD (AMP-AD).Significance for biochemical assays was determined using Wilcoxon ranked-sum tests and false discovery rate. Transcriptome analysis was conducted through DESeq2 and the TEToolkit suite available from the Hammell lab at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Our analyses show overexpression of different tau isoforms and their interactions with amyloid-beta in SH-SY5Y cells result in isoform-specific changes in the transcriptome, with locus-specific transposable element dysregulation patterns paralleling those seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Locus-level transposable element expression showed increased dysregulation of L1 and Alu sites, which have been shown to drive pathology in other neurological diseases. We also demonstrated differences in rates of cell death in SH-SY5Y cells depending on tau isoform overexpression. These results demonstrate the importance of examining tau isoforms’ role in neurodegeneration and of further examining transposable element dysregulation in tauopathies.
Distribution of GOPC:ROS1and otherROS1fusions in glioma types
Authors: Sievers Philipp , Stichel Damian , Sill Martin , Schrimpf Daniel , Sturm Dominik , Selt Florian , Ecker Jonas , Miele Evelina , Kranendonk Mariëtte E. G. , Tops Bastiaan B. J. , Kohlhof-Meinecke Patricia , Beschorner Rudi , Kramm Christof M. , Hasselblatt Martin , Reifenberger Guido , Capper David , Wesseling Pieter , Milde Till , Korshunov Andrey , Witt Olaf , Pfister Stefan M. , Wick Wolfgang , von Deimling Andreas , Jones David T. W. , Sahm Felix 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) gene is rearranged in various cancers. The translated fusion protein presents an attractive therapeutic target, since specific inhibitors have been approved for several tumor types. In glioma,ROS1fusions are frequent within infantile hemispheric glioma, and single case reports on occurrences in other glioma types exist. However, a comprehensive analysis spanning the full width of glioma types and subtypes is lacking. We here assessed the spectrum and distribution ofROS1fusions by screening >20,000 glioma cases for typical chromosomal alterations, with subsequent RNA-sequencing for confirmation of candidate cases.ROS1fusions were identified in 16 cases, from low grade pilocytic astrocytoma WHO grade 1 to glioblastoma, IDH wildtype WHO grade 4. Thus, despite being enriched in some tumor types,ROS1fusions are not pathognomonic for specific glioma types and may consitute a relevant target in a variety of cases.