bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Transient and Permanent Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Qin Yuan , Sun Wei , Wang Zhihong , Dong Wenwu , He Liang , Zhang Ting , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAs hypocalcemia is the most common complication of total thyroidectomy, identifying its risk factors should guide prevention and management. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE through January 31, 2019, and assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsFifty studies with 22,940 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 24.92% (5716/22,940) had transient hypocalcemia and 1.96% (232/11,808) had permanent hypocalcemia. Significant (P &lt; 0.05) predictors of transient hypocalcemia were: younger age, female, parathyroid autotransplantation (PA), inadvertent parathyroid excision (IPE), Graves’ disease (GD), thyroid cancer, central lymph node dissection, preoperative severe Vitamin D deficiency, preoperative Vitamin D deficiency and a lower postoperative 24 h parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. Preoperative magnesium, preoperative PTH and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were not significant predictors of transient hypocalcemia. IPE, GD, and thyroid cancer were associated with an increased rate of permanent hypocalcemia, but gender and PA did not predict permanent hypocalcemia.ConclusionImportant risk factors for transient and permanent hypocalcemia were identified. However, given the limited sample size and heterogeneity of this meta-analysis, further studies are required to confirm our preliminary findings.
A CT-Based Radiomics Approach to Predict Nivolumab Response in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Chang , Gong Jing , Yu Hui , Liu Quan , Wang Shengping , Wang Jialei 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study aims to develop a CT-based radiomics model to predict clinical outcomes of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with nivolumab.MethodsForty-six stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients without EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement who received nivolumab were enrolled. After segmenting primary tumors depicting on the pre-anti-PD1 treatment CT images, 1,106 radiomics features were computed and extracted to decode the imaging phenotypes of these tumors. A L1-based feature selection method was applied to remove the redundant features and build an optimal feature pool. To predict the risk of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the selected image features were used to train and test three machine-learning classifiers namely, support vector machine classifier, logistic regression classifier, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier. Finally, the overall patients were stratified into high and low risk subgroups by using prediction scores obtained from three classifiers, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conduct to evaluate the prognostic values of these patients.ResultsTo predict the risk of PFS and OS, the average area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of three classifiers were 0.73 ± 0.07 and 0.61 ± 0.08, respectively; the corresponding average Harrell’s concordance indexes for three classifiers were 0.92 and 0.79. The average hazard ratios (HR) of three models for predicting PFS and OS were 6.22 and 3.54, which suggested the significant difference of the two subgroup’s PFS and OS (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionThe pre-treatment CT-based radiomics model provided a promising way to predict clinical outcomes for advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab.
Transcriptomic Profiling of In Vitro Tumor-Stromal Cell Paracrine Crosstalk Identifies Involvement of the Integrin Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Mesenteric Fibrosis in Human Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Laskaratos Faidon-Marios , Levi Ana , Schwach Gert , Pfragner Roswitha , Hall Andrew , Xia Dong , von Stempel Conrad , Bretherton Josephine , Thanapirom Kessarin , Alexander Sarah , Ogunbiyi Olagunju , Watkins Jennifer , Luong Tu Vinh , Toumpanakis Christos , Mandair Dalvinder , Caplin Martyn , Rombouts Krista 
Published: February 2021

AimAnalysis of the pathophysiology of mesenteric fibrosis (MF) in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) in an in vitro paracrine model and in human SI-NET tissue samples.MethodsAn indirect co-culture model of SI-NET cells KRJ-I and P-STS with stromal cells HEK293 was designed to evaluate the paracrine effects on cell metabolic activity, gene expression by RT2 PCR Profilers to analyse cancer and fibrosis related genes, and RNA sequencing. The integrin signaling pathway, a specific Ingenuity enriched pathway, was further explored in a cohort of human SI-NET tissues by performing protein analysis and immunohistochemistry.ResultsRT Profiler array analysis demonstrated several genes to be significantly up- or down-regulated in a cell specific manner as a result of the paracrine effect. This was further confirmed by employing RNA sequencing revealing multiple signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and fibrogenesis that were significantly affected in these cell lines. A significant upregulation in the expression of various integrin pathway – related genes was identified in the mesenteric mass of fibrotic SI-NET as confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Protein analysis demonstrated downstream activation of the MAPK and mTOR pathways in some patients with fibrotic SI-NETs.ConclusionThis study has provided the first comprehensive analysis of the crosstalk of SI-NET cells with stromal cells. A novel pathway – the integrin pathway – was identified and further validated and confirmed in a cohort of human SI-NET tissue featured by a dual role in fibrogenesis/carcinogenesis within the neoplastic fibrotic microenvironment.
Electoral Rules and New Parties: Evidence from a Quasi‐experimental Design
Authors: Lago Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

Electoral rules are a crucial institutional factor shaping the entry and success of new parties. However, testing how they affect voting behavior is problematic when using observational data in cross-national studies. As district magnitude is usually correlated with politically salient features affecting the likelihood of voting for new (and small) parties, the latent support of small parties differs across electoral systems. Using a quasi-experimental design in Spain focused on the district viability of a new party,Vox, in two elections held within 196 days, I provide a more robust estimate of the impact of electoral systems on the success of new parties. Strong evidence that the electoral system makes a difference for new parties has been identified: strategic considerations found in the districts whereVoxwas not successful prevented a significant number of voters from supporting the party.
Comparison Between Conventional Intervention and Non-immersive Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Individuals in an Inpatient Unit for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Silva Talita Dias da , Oliveira Patricia Mattos de , Dionizio Josiane Borges , Santana Andreia Paiva de , Bahadori Shayan , Dias Eduardo Dati , Ribeiro Cinthia Mucci , Gomes Renata de Andrade , Ferreira Marcelo , Ferreira Celso , Moraes Íbis Ariana Peña de , Silva Deise Mara Mota , Barnabé Viviani , Araújo Luciano Vieira de , Santana Heloísa Baccaro Rossetti , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello 
Published: February 2021

Background: The new human coronavirus that leads to COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) has spread rapidly around the world and has a high degree of lethality. In more severe cases, patients remain hospitalized for several days under treatment of the health team. Thus, it is important to develop and use technologies with the aim to strengthen conventional therapy by encouraging movement, physical activity, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness for patients. In this sense, therapies for exposure to virtual reality (VR) are promising and have been shown to be an adequate and equivalent alternative to conventional exercise programs.Aim: This is a study protocol with the aim of comparing the conventional physical therapy intervention with the use of a non-immersive VR software during COVID-19 hospitalization.Methods: Fifty patients hospitalized with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be divided in two groups under physiotherapy treatment using conventional or VR intervention: Group A: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day of the protocol with VR tasks in the morning and then in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform the conventional exercises (n = 25) and Group B: participants with COVID-19 will start the first day with conventional exercises in the morning and in the second period, in the afternoon, will perform activity with VR (n = 25). All participants will be evaluated with different motor and physiologic scales before and after the treatment to measure improvements.Conclusion: Considering the importance of benefits from physical activity during hospitalization, VR software shows promise as a potential mechanism for improving physical activity. The results of this study may provide new insights into hospital rehabilitation.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04537858. Registered on 01 September 2020.
Resources and Workforce in Top-Tier Psychiatric Hospitals in China: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Xia Lei , Jiang Feng , Rakofsky Jeffrey , Zhang Yulong , Shi Yudong , Zhang Kai , Liu Tingfang , Liu Yuanli , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yi-lang 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Mental healthcare has gained momentum and significant attention in China over the past three decades. However, many challenges still exist. This survey aimed to investigate mental health resources and the psychiatric workforce in representative top-tier psychiatric hospitals in China.Methods: A total of 41 top-tier psychiatric hospitals from 29 provinces participated, providing data about numbers and types of psychiatric beds, numbers of mental health professionals, outpatient services and hospitalization information covering the past 3 years, as well as teaching and training program affiliation.Results: Significant variations were found among participating hospitals and across different regions. Most of these hospitals were large, with a median number of psychiatric beds of 660 (range, 169-2,141). Child and geriatric beds accounted for 3.3 and 12.6% of all beds, respectively, and many hospitals had no specialized child or geriatric units. The overall ratios of psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists per bed were 0.16, 0.34, and 0.03, respectively. More than 40% of the hospitals had no clinical social workers. Based on the government's staffing guidelines, less than one third (31.7%) of the hospitals reached the lower limit of the psychiatric staff per bed ratio, and 43.9% of them reached the lower limit of the nurse per bed ratio.Conclusion: Although some progress has been made, mental health resources and the psychiatric workforce in China are still relatively insufficient with uneven geographical distribution and an acute shortage of psychiatric beds for children and elderly patients. In the meantime, the staffing composition needs to be optimized and more psychologists and social workers are needed. While addressing these shortages of mental health resources and the workforce is important, diversifying the psychiatric workforce, promoting community mental health care, and decentralizing mental health services may be equally important.
Living With Bipolar Disorder in the Time of Covid-19: Biorhythms During the Severe Lockdown in Cagliari, Italy, and the Moderate Lockdown in Tunis, Tunisia
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Ouali Uta , Perra Alessandra , Ben Cheikh Ahmed Azza , Boe Laura , Aissa Amina , Lorrai Stefano , Cossu Giulia , Aresti Alessandro , Preti Antonio , Nacef Fethi 
Published: February 2021

Background: Restrictions during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, in which rhythms of life have been compromised, can influence the course of bipolar disorder (BD). This study follows patients with bipolar disorder living in two geographically close cities (Cagliari and Tunis), but with different lockdown conditions: less severe in Tunis.Methods: Two cohorts were evaluated during lockdown (April 2020, t0) and 2 months later with lockdown lifted for a month (t1). Individuals were: over 18 years old without gender exclusion, BD I or II, in care for at least 1 year, received a clinical interview in the month before the start of the lockdown, stable clinically before the lockdown. The assessment was conducted by telephone by a psychiatrist or psychologist with good knowledge of patients. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-5 criteria. Depressive symptoms were collected through the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; cut-off 14 indicative of depressive episode. Circadian rhythms were measured using the BRIAN scale.Results: Forty individuals in Cagliari (70%female, age 48.57 ± 11.64) and 30 in Tunis (53.3% Female, age 41.8 ± 13.22) were recruited. In Cagliari at t0 45% had depressive episodes against none in Tunis, a similar difference appeared at t1. At t0 and t1 the Cagliari sample had more dysfunctional scores in the overall BRIAN scale and in the areas of sleep, activities and social rhythms; no differences were found in nutrition, both samples had predominantly nocturnal rhythm. In Cagliari at t0 and t1, the depressive sub-group showed more dysfunctional scores in the BRIAN areas sleep, activity, and nutrition. However, the differences in biological rhythms resulted, through ANCOVA analysis, independent of the co-presence of depressive symptoms.Discussion: A rigid lockdown could expose people with BD to depressive relapse through dysregulation of biological rhythms. The return to more functional rhythms did not appear 1 month after lockdown. The rekindling of the pandemic and the restoration of new restrictive measures will prevent, at least in the short term, the beneficial effect of a return to normality of the two cohorts.This was a limited exploratory study; future studies with larger samples and longer observational time are needed to verify the hypothesis.
Lattice Doping of Lanthanide Ions in Cs
2
AgInCl
6
Nanocrystals Enabling Tunable Photoluminescence
Authors: Liu Ying , Molokeev Maxim S. , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: February 2021

Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs
2
AgInCl
6
has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields. It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photoluminescence (PL) emissions for emerging photonic applications. Here, we successfully incorporated Dy
3+
, Sm
3+
, and Tb
3+
ions into Cs
2
AgInCl
6
nanocrystals (NCs) by the hot-injection method, bringing diverse PL emissions of yellowish, orange, and green light in Cs
2
AgInCl
6
:Ln
3+
(Ln
3+
= Dy
3+
, Sm
3+
, Tb
3+
). Moreover, benefiting from the energy transfer process, Sm
3+
and Tb
3+
ion-codoped Cs
2
AgInCl
6
NCs achieved tunable emission from green to yellow orange and a fluorescent pattern from the as-prepared NC-hexane inks by spray coating was made to show its potential application in fluorescent signs and anticounterfeiting technology. This work indicates that lanthanide ions could endow Cs
2
AgInCl
6
NCs the unique and tunable PL properties and stimulate the development of lead-free halide perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications.
PENGARUH KEPATUHAN DAN SANKSI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP PERENCANAAN PAJAK (TAX PLANNING) PADA WAJIB PAJAK BADAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI KPP PRATAMA BANDUNG BOJONAGARA
Authors: Sundari Rima 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Today many companies are making various efforts to reduce their taxes, these efforts are called tax planning. Tax planning can lead to tax planning that is legal and illegal. Illegal tax planning will be avoided if taxpayers are in compliance with tax regulations and taxpayers are aware of applicable tax sanctions. Likewise, if we do not comply with these regulations, they will be subject to sanctions. Based on this phenomenon, the researcher is interested to find out more about the problem in more depth by involving the taxpayers as the perpetrators of the problem so that it can provide a clearer picture of how tax compliance, tax sanctions and tax planning that occur in taxpayers who registered at the Tax Office (KPP) Pratama Bandung Bojonagara. Based on the research that has been done, the result that can be concluded is that there is an influence between tax compliance and sanctions on tax planning both partially and simultaneously.
Keywords: Tax Compliance, Tax Sanctions, Tax Planning
ABSTRAK
Dewasa ini banyak perusahaan yang melakukan berbagai upaya untuk memperkecil pajaknya, upaya tersebut disebut dengan perencanaan pajak. Perencaan pajak dapat mengarah kepada perencanaan pajak yang bersifat legal dan ilegal. Perencanaan pajak yang bersifat ilegal akan bisa dihindari apabila para wajib pajak memiliki kepatuhan atas peraturan perpajakan dan para wajib pajak paham akan sanksi perpajakan yang berlaku. Begitu pula apabila kita tidak patuh akan peraturan tersebut maka akan dikenakan sanksi. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih jauh permasalahan tersebut secara lebih mendalam dengan melibatkan para wajib pajak sebagai pelaku dari permasalahan tersebut sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai bagaimana kepatuhan wajib pajak, sanksi perpajakan dan perencanaan pajak yang terjadi pada wajib pajak yang terdaftar di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Bandung Bojonagara. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, hasil yang dapat disimpulkan adalah terdapat pengaruh antara kepatuhan dan sanksi perpajakan terhadap perencanaan pajak baik secara parsial maupun simultan.
Kata kunci: Kepatuhan Perpajakan, Sanksi Perpajakan, Perencanaan Pajak
EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN PEMBIAYAAN KPR SYARIAH BERSUBSIDI PADA PT BANK BTN SYARIAH CIREBON
Authors: Kennedy Putri Pithaloka , Juliana Juliana , Suci Aprilliani Utami  
Published: February 2021

This research is based on the phenomenon of the problem in which the subsidized Syariah KPR at Bank BTN Syariah is still not on target and has not been utilized by the original debtor or owner. The houses are not occupied or diverted so that the government has not yet become effective in the subsidized Islamic KPR. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of the procedure for disbursement of subsidized Syariah mortgage financing at PT. Bank BTN Syariah Cirebon and to find out the level of effectiveness in disbursing subsidized sharia KPR financing to PT. Bank BTN Syariah Cirebon. The population in this study are customers of subsidized Syariah mortgage financing at PT. Bank BTN Syariah Cirebon. The sampling technique used was non-probability-purpose sampling of 96 respondents who had been determined using the Slovin formula. The research method used in this research is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is SPSS 22. The results of the effectiveness of subsidized syariah mortgage financing are the effectiveness of the indicators of use variable 85.3%, target accuracy 84.8%, scope 85.0%, cost effectiveness 85.9%, and accuracy time 81.3%. It can be concluded overall that the effectiveness of Subsidized Syariah KPR financing at PT. Bank BTN Syariah Cirebon is very effective with a yield of 84.5%.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Subsidized Syariah KPR, BTN Syariah
Ruins: living heritage
Authors: Frenda Antonino , Soldano Silvia , Borlizzi Patrizia 
Published: February 2021

Ruins are representative of European values and illustrative of European history and heritage and our aim should be to raise awareness of this heritage in order to create a stronger identification with Europe and a further European integration as well.
While people are living in and around World Heritage sites, their role in heritage processes and management has changed considerably.
Nowadays we must connect the conservation goals with the objective of smart, inclusive and sustainable growth. Local communities must be encouraged to use their local cultural assets as a springboard through a process whereby local actors, are encouraged to assume an active stewardship over the heritage and are empowered develop that heritage in a responsible, profitable and sustainable manner.
In their evocative and fascinating image, ruins must be returned to the contemporary life from which they often appear, instead, dramatically separated.
Interventions on ruins appear difficult and risky, on the boundary line between archaeological and architectural restoration.
The contemporary architectural interventions on the ruin oscillate from conservation to reintegration, up to the absolute extremism consisting in the reconstruction, considered acceptable and suitable only if based on the contemporary design that, from the knowledge of the history, leads to a creative and modern form and image of the architectural work.
The use of a multiple roughening scheme to enhance sensing performance of pH sensors with NiO nanosheets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes on KOH-etched Si substrates
Authors: Chang Yi-Shiang , Wang Shui-Jinn , Ko Rong-Ming , Hsu Wen-Rui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sensing electrodes (SEs) fabricated by a multiple surface roughening scheme based on KOH-etched Si substrates with spraying deposited multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrothermally grown (HTG) NiO nanosheets (NSs) to improve pH sensing performance are demonstrated. A surface area (SA) gain of around 2.31 is obtained from the etched Si substrate, which results in an enhancement in the pH sensitivity of MWCNTs SEs from 52.15 to 54.95 mV pH−1 based on Si substrates without and with KOH etching. Effects of the thermal annealing temperatures and spraying times of the MWCNTs and HTG times of NiO NSs of the proposed NiO NSs/MWCNTs/pyramid-Si SEs on pH sensitivity, hysteresis, and reliability are studied. A near-Nernstian response of 57.56 mV pH−1 is obtained, which could be attributed to the proposed method maximize SA and the number of ion adsorption sites for advancing pH sensing performance.
Bases de la Distribución del Valor Económico Generado para la Sustentabilidad Empresarial
Authors: Chahuan Karime , Vásquez Verdugo Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSE) ha sido discutida durante las últimas cuatro décadas. Las demandas sociales mundiales exigen que las organizaciones reporten su impacto ambiental y social, los cuales pueden ser realizados en base a los estándares del Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Estos guían a las empresas para mostrar el valor económico distribuido en al menos 5 aspectos, los cuales son Costos Operacionales, Salarios y Beneficios a empleados, Pago a Proveedores, Pagos al Gobierno, e Inversiones en la Comunidad. Dada esta facilidad, desde una perspectiva de parte interesada, surge la pregunta de la posible existencia en distintos focos de este valor distribuido. Luego de un análisis cualitativo exploratorio y la posterior aplicación de algoritmos de clustering ensamblados, se identificaron tres grupos en el año 2018 derivados de las empresas bajo estudio, que corresponden a las que tienen una mayor presencia en el mercado a través de sus cotizaciones bursátiles, y cinco grupos en el año 2019. Cada grupo tiene un enfoque en 4 de los 5 aspectos enlistados previamente por el GRI. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, la generación de grupos permite al inversionista conocer el foco de la distribución de la generación de valor en la empresa en la cuál realizará la inversión. Adicionalmente, el concepto Inversiones en la Comunidad no fue identificado como característico en los grupos identificados, pudiendo existir oportunidades de mejora por parte de las empresas.