bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Functional Black Bioactive Glasses Prepared via Containerless Melting Process for Tumor Therapy and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Wang Endian , Li Xinfang , Zhang Yu , Ma Lingling , Xu Qing , Yue Yuanzheng , Wang Wenzhong , Li Qin , Yu Jianding , Chang Jiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTissue regeneration in complex lesions such as the site of tumors, bacterial infection, and sites lacking blood vessels, has been a huge challenge. Therefore, developing bioactive implantable materials with multi‐functional properties such as tumor destruction, bacteria growth inhibition, and angiogenesis promotion is of great significance. In this study, black CaO‐SiO2‐TiO2 (CST) glasses are prepared through the containerless melting approach, by which heterogeneous nucleation can be avoided and thereby glass formation becomes possible via fast quenching. This approach enables the formation of trivalent titanium (Ti3+) without using a reducing atmosphere or reducing agents. The black CST glasses are found in this study to possess a strong ability to inhibit bacteria and tumors by their excellent photothermal and photocatalytic effects. Strikingly, these glasses also promote the formation of blood vessels and accelerate the healing of chronic wounds by the synergistic effects of the photothermal effect and Si ions. Thus, this glass system can be a promising multi‐functional material for tissue regeneration in complex lesions.
Heterometallic Seed‐Mediated Zinc Deposition on Inkjet Printed Silver Nanoparticles Toward Foldable and Heat‐Resistant Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Yinan , Yang Yi , Huang Fei , Zhu Mingke , Ang Barbara Ting Wei , Xue Jun Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo achieve high performed zinc metal batteries, it is imperative to address the issues of dendrite growth and the side‐reactions occurring at the Zn anode, particularly when the batteries are operated at high current densities and high temperature. Herein, a flexible and dendrite‐free Zn metal anode (AgNPs@CC/Zn), which is prepared by inkjet printing silver nanoparticles on a 3D carbon matrix, is reported. Experimental observations and DFT calculation reveal that the Ag nanoparticles can work as heterometallic seeds for zinc deposition, and thus simultaneously improve the zincophilicity and thermal conductivity of the carbon matrix. This not only lowers the Zn nucleation overpotential and guides the uniform Zn nucleation but also promotes the reversible zinc stripping/plating via AgZn alloying/de‐alloying reactions. As a result, the AgNPs@CC/Zn anode presents low voltage hysteresis of 80 mV and superior cycling over 480 h at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. The AgNPs@CC/Zn anode can enable full cells with exceptional cyclic stability and enhanced high‐temperature endurance. Furthermore, the foldable pouch cell using the AgNPs@CC/Zn anode exhibits high capacity retention regardless of different deformation status. This work demonstrates the promising potential of inkjet printing technology in developing 3D dendrite‐free zinc anode for foldable and heat‐resistant zinc batteries.
Effect of age on dexmedetomidine treatment for ventilated patients with sepsis: a post‐hoc analysis of the DESIRE trial
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Kawazoe Yu , Miyagawa Noriko , Yokokawa Yuta , Kushimoto Shigeki , Miyamoto Kyohei , Ohta Yoshinori , Morimoto Takeshi , Yamamura Hitoshi 
Published: April 2021

AimThere are no definitive data to determine whether age influences the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) treatment. Thus, we investigated whether older age was associated with more favorable sedative action by DEX in sepsis patients who required mechanical ventilation.MethodsThis study involved a post‐hoc analysis of data from the Dexmedetomidine for Sepsis in the ICU Randomized Evaluation (DESIRE) trial. The patients were categorized based on median age into elderly and younger groups. The two groups were then compared during the first 7 days after ventilation based on proportion of patients with well‐controlled sedation (Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale score between −3 and +1), days free from delirium (based on the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU), and days free from coma (Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale score between −4 and −5).ResultsOne hundred and one patients were assigned to the elderly group and 100 patients were assigned to the younger group. In the elderly group, 50 patients received DEX treatment and 51 patients received non‐DEX treatment, with the DEX arm having significantly better‐controlled sedation (range, 14–52% versus 16–27%; P = 0.01). In the younger group, 50 patients received DEX treatment and 50 patients received non‐DEX treatment, with no significant difference in the proportions of well‐controlled sedation (range, 20–64% versus 24–60%; P = 0.73). There were no significant differences in the numbers of days free from delirium or coma between the groups.ConclusionIn elderly sepsis patients who require ventilation, dexmedetomidine could be more effective than other sedative agents for achieving proper sedation.
Highly Flexible and Tailorable Cobalt‐Doped Cross‐Linked Polyacrylamide‐Based Electrolytes for Use in High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Gunday Seyda Tugba , Qahtan Talal , Cevik Emre , Anil Ismail , Alagha Omar , Bozkurt Ayhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel hydrogel polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporation of 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether (BG) to cross‐linked polyacrylamide (PAM). The electrolyte (PAMBG) was modified with cobalt (II) sulfate with various doping ratios (PAMBGCoX) to increase the capacitance by increasing faradaic reactions. The supercapacitor device assembly was performed by using active carbon (AC) electrodes and hydrogel polymer electrolytes. The specific capacitance of the PAMBGCo5 device indicated 130 F g−1, which is at least a seven‐fold improvement due to the insertion of Co as a redox component. The electrolyte device, PAMBGCo5, displays superior performance having an energy density of 38 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 500 W kg−1. Additionally, with the same hydrogel, the device performed 10,000 galvanostatic charge‐discharge cycles via retaining 91% of the initial capacitance. A cost‐effective electrolyte, PAMBGCo5, was tested in a carbon‐based supercapacitor under bent and twisted conditions at various angles, confirming the robustness of the device.
Characteristics associated with the risk of psychosis among immigrants and their descendants in France
Authors: Tortelli Andrea , Simon Patrick , Lehouelleur Sophie , Skurnik Norbert , Richard Jean Romain , Baudin Grégoire , Ferchiou Aziz , Leboyer Marion , Schürhoff Franck , Szöke Andrei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the sociodemographic characteristics that might explain the increased incidence of psychosis among immigrants and their descendants in France.MethodsData were collected for all subjects with first contact for psychosis aged between 18 and 64 years, in two catchment areas in the Paris region. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were adjusted for gender and age.ResultsDuring 805,396 persons‐year at risk, we identified 321 cases of first‐episode psychosis, of which 129 were immigrants and 78 descendants of immigrants. We found that the geographic origin was associated with the risk of psychosis although generation has little impact. Sub‐Saharan African immigrants and their descendants showed the highest risk (IRR = 3.1 and IRR = 2.9, respectively). We observed that living in deprived areas increased the incidence of psychosis (IRR = 1.3, 95CI%: 1.0–1.6), particularly among immigrants (IRR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). Finally, our study showed that subjects having unstable housing (a proxy for “hard to count population”) could inflate the incidence rates among immigrants.ConclusionThe current study shows that the increased risk of psychosis in groups with an immigration background in France is associated with their origin and highlights the importance of socioeconomic factors in modulating this risk.
Biochar as a Biocompatible Mild Anti‐Inflammatory Supplement for Animal Feed and Agricultural Fields
Authors: Yıldızlı Gizem , Coral Gokhan , Ayaz Furkan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiochar is an organic material and high in carbon content, besides its use for energy purposes, it is also a material that serves the purpose of improving soil fertility, organic matter content of soils and removing heavy metals from water and soil. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial effects of biochar whose beneficial effects on agricultural productivity has been proven by different studies. Scientific literature concerning the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects of the apricot seed and olive seed biochar is limited. Biochar applications may help to alter the microbial diversity by modifying biological environment either in agriculture or in animal husbandry. Moreover, biochar has been used in animal husbandry to improve animal health especially by regulating the intestinal flora and inflammation in the intestines. Hence, in our study, we investigated the effect of biochar on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Cryphonectria parasitica, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and two different bacteriophage strains. Biochar did not have any direct effect on the growth of either Gram‐positive or Gram‐negative bacteria, bacteriophages, and fungi. In order to test their direct effects on the immune cells, mammalian macrophages were used and biochar directly reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels produced by the in vitro activated macrophages.
Pre‐workout supplements marketed in Brazil: Caffeine quantification and caffeine daily intake assessment
Authors: da Costa Bruno Ruiz Brandão , El Haddad Lohanna Pereira , Freitas Bruno Toledo , Marinho Pablo Alves , De Martinis Bruno Spinosa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe stimulating and performance‐enhancing properties of caffeine are often explored in one the most consumed types of supplements: the pre‐workout supplements (PWS). However, despite the popularity of PWS, previous studies have reported incompatibilities between what is described in their labels and their actual caffeine content. This study aimed to develop, to optimize, and to validate a gas‐chromatography coupled to nitrogen–phosphorus detector (GC‐NPD) method to quantify caffeine in PWS and to analyze commercial PWS marketed in Brazil to estimate the caffeine daily intake. For this purpose, three different extraction procedures were evaluated: agitation in vortex, shaker, and sonication. Sonication yielded the best extraction results. Next, the parameters' temperature and time were optimized by using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology, which revealed the optimal values of 70°C and 10 min. The method was validated and applied to quantify caffeine in 52 PWS. From the 36 PWS labels that specified the caffeine amount, seven (19%) presented more than 120% of the declared quantity, whereas 15 (42%) contained less than 80% of the labeled caffeine. Additionally, six products presented undeclared caffeine. Considering the label stated doses, five supplements exceeded the safe caffeine daily intake (400 mg). On the basis of these findings, supplement quality control remains an issue that deserves more attention from consumers, manufacturers, and regulatory agencies. Finally, we suggest that PWS consumers be careful of the habit of ingesting caffeine through other sources and avoid ingesting two or more different PWS products in the same day.
Metabolism study and toxicological determination of mephtetramine in biological samples by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Odoardi Sara , Mestria Serena , Biosa Giulia , Arfè Raffaella , Tirri Micaela , Marti Matteo , Strano Rossi Sabina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe emerging market of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) is a global‐scale phenomenon, and their identification in biological samples is challenging because of the lack of information about their metabolism and pharmacokinetic. In this study, we performed in silico metabolic pathway prediction and in vivo metabolism experiments, in order to identify the main metabolites of mephtetramine (MTTA), an NPS found in seizures since 2013. MetaSite™ software was used for in silico metabolism predictions and subsequently the presence of metabolites in the blood, urine, and hair of mice after MTTA administration was verified. The biological samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) using a benchtop Orbitrap instrument. This confirmed the concordance between software prediction and experimental results in biological samples. The metabolites were identified by their accurate masses and fragmentation patterns. LC–HRMS analysis identified the dehydrogenated and demethylated‐dehydrogenated metabolites, together with unmodified MTTA in the blood samples. Besides unmodified MTTA, 10 main metabolites were detected in urine. In hair samples, only demethyl MTTA was detected along with MTTA. The combination of Metasite™ prediction and in vivo experiment was a powerful tool for studying MTTA metabolism. This approach enabled the development of the analytical method for the detection of MTTA and its main metabolites in biological samples. The development of analytical methods for the identification of new drugs and their main metabolites is extremely useful for the detection of NPS in biological specimens. Indeed, high throughput methods are precious to uncover the actual extent of use of NPS and their toxicity.
Gastric symptoms and low perceived maternal warmth are associated with eating disorder symptoms in young adolescent girls
Authors: Kerr Kara L. , Ralph‐Nearman Christina , Colaizzi Janna M. , DeVille Danielle C. , Breslin Florence J. , Aupperle Robin L. , Paulus Martin P. , Morris Amanda Sheffield 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to determine whether gastric symptoms are associated with later eating disorder (ED) symptoms during early adolescence, and whether this relationship is moderated by parental warmth/acceptance and/or the child's sex.MethodLongitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study were utilized. Participants ages 9–10 years old (N = 4,950; 2,370 female) completed measures at baseline and 1 year later (Y1). At baseline, gastric symptoms were measured by parent‐reported items from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and perceived parental acceptance was measured by youth report on the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) Acceptance subscale separately for mothers and fathers. ED symptoms at Y1 were assessed by parent report on a computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K‐SADS). Linear mixed‐effects models were conducted separately for maternal and paternal acceptance to test relationships among variables.ResultsA three‐way interaction between baseline gastric symptoms, sex, and maternal acceptance predicted Y1 ED symptoms (𝛽 = 0.08; p < .01). Post‐hoc analyses revealed that the interaction between gastric symptoms and maternal acceptance was significant for girls only (𝛽 = −0.06, p < .01), such that low maternal acceptance was associated with a stronger relationship between baseline gastric symptoms and Y1 ED symptoms. No statistically significant main effects or interactions were found in the model for paternal acceptance.DiscussionGastric symptoms and low perceived maternal acceptance may interact to result in heightened risk for EDs in young adolescent girls.
Novel dilated cardiomyopathy associated to Calreticulin and Myo7A gene mutation in Usher syndrome
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , De Luca Alessandro , Galea Nicola , Verardo Romina , Guida Valentina , Carrozzo Rosalba , Chimenti Cristina , Frustaci Emanuela , Sansone Luigi , Russo Matteo Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a novel cardiomyopathy associated to Usher syndrome and related to combined mutation of MYO7A and Calreticulin genes. A 37‐year‐old man with deafness and vision impairment because of retinitis pigmentosa since childhood and a MYO7A gene mutation suggesting Usher syndrome, developed a dilated cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachyarrhythmias and recurrent syncope. At magnetic resonance cardiomyopathy was characterized by left ventricular dilatation with hypo‐contractility and mitral prolapse with valve regurgitation. At left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, it was documented cardiomyocyte disconnection because of cytoskeletal disorganization of cell‐to‐cell contacts, including intercalated discs, and mitochondrial damage and dysfunction with significant reduction of adenosine triphosphate production in patient cultured fibroblasts. At an extensive analysis by next‐generation‐sequencing of 4183 genes potentially related to the cardiomyopathy a pathogenic mutation of calreticulin was found. The cardiomyopathy appeared to be functionally and electrically stabilized by a combination therapy including carvedilol and amiodarone at a follow‐up of 18 months.
Association between oral contraceptive use and incident heart failure
Authors: Luo Dongling , Li Hezhi , Chen Pengyuan , Xie Nanshan , Yang Ziyang , Zhang Caojin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsOral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used in women of reproductive age, but their influences on heart failure (HF) development have yet to be reported. This study was performed to assess HF risk associated with OC use.Methods and resultsWe studied women participating in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with available data on OC use. Inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses were used to reduce baseline imbalances. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the associations of OC use and HF risk. The primary analysis comprised a total of 3594 participants [average age 62.10 (10.24) years]. During an average follow‐up of 12.45 (3.75) years, 138 incident HF occurred. In unadjusted Cox model, OC use was associated with a decreased risk of HF [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.64, P < 0.001]. However, in multivariable‐adjusted and inverse probability of treatment weighting models, the results were attenuated and became non‐significant (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.63–1.48, P = 0.86 and HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.45–1.40, P = 0.43, respectively). Duration of OC use was not related to increased risks of HF. When stratifying HF into subtypes, similar associations were observed. In multivariable–adjusted regression models, OC use was positively associated with left ventricular end‐diastolic mass [coefficient (β) = 3.04, P = 0.006] and stroke volume (β = 1.76, P = 0.01 for the left ventricle; β = 2.17, P = 0.005 for the right ventricle) but had no impact on left ventricular ejection fraction (β = 0.09, P = 0.75) and right ventricular ejection fraction (β = 0.33, P = 0.25).ConclusionsOral contraceptive use in women of reproductive age does not portend increased risk of HF. However, whether the formulations or dosages differently impact this association should be further investigated.
A systematic approach and software for the analysis of point patterns on river networks
Authors: Schwanghart Wolfgang , Molkenthin Christian , Scherler Dirk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany geomorphic phenomena such as bank failures, landslide dams, riffle‐pool sequences and knickpoints can be modelled as spatial point processes. However, as the locations of these phenomena are constrained to lie on or alongside rivers, their analysis must account for the geometry and topology of river networks. Here, we introduce a new numeric class in TopoToolbox called Point Pattern on Stream networks (PPS), which supports exploratory analysis, statistical modelling, simulation and visualization of point processes. We present three case studies that aim at inferring processes and factors that control the spatial density of geomorphic phenomena along river networks: analysis of a synthetic dataset of points on a stream network, the analysis of knickpoints in river profiles, and modelling spatial locations of beaver dams based on topographic metrics. The case studies rely on exploratory analysis and statistical inference using inhomogeneous Poisson point processes. Thereby, statistical and probabilistic procedures implemented in PPS provide a systematic approach for treating and quantifying uncertainties. PPS offers a consistent numeric framework for modelling point processes on river networks with a wide range of applications in fluvial geomorphology, but also other disciplines such as ecology.
Rayleigh–Bénard and Bénard–Marangoni magnetoconvection in variable viscosity finitely conducting liquids
Authors: Govindaraju M. V. , Siddheshwar P. G. , Ramachandramurthy V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe thermorheological effect on magneto‐Bénard‐convection is studied numerically in fluids with finite electrical conductivity. A nonlinear thermorheological equation is considered in the problem. The results are compared with the classical approach of constant viscosity, which depicts the fact that the effect of increasing the strength of the magnetic field is to delay the onset of convection. The magnetic field is shown to have a rheostatic influence on convective instabilities. The results obtained by the study have possible applications in the field of astrophysics, sunspots, and in space applications under microgravity.
Titanium dioxide nanotubes promote M2 polarization by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis and ultimately accelerate endothelialization
Authors: Yu Wen P. , Ding Jing L. , Liu Xin L. , Zhu Guo D. , Lin Feng , Xu Jian J. , Wang Ziyao , Zhou Jian L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTitanium has been widely used in prosthetic valves, but they are associated with serious defects in titanium‐based prosthetic valves, such as thrombosis, calcification, and decay. Therefore, it is very important to biofunctionalize titanium‐based valves to reduce inflammation and accelerate endothelialization of stents and antithrombosis. The titanium dioxide nanotubes were prepared from pure titanium (Ti) by anodic oxidation method in this study. The effects of titanium dioxide nanotubes on the metabolism of macrophages and the inflammatory reaction as implants were studied in vitro. The polarization state of macrophages and the ability to accelerate endothelialization were analyzed. The results demonstrated that titanium nanotubes promote M2 polarization of macrophages by inhibiting glycolysis and activating the Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. In general, biofunctionalization titanium with nanotube could inhibit macrophage glycolysis, reduce inflammatory factor release and promote M2 polarization by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. And endothelialization was accelerated in vitro. Our result demonstrated that titanium nanotube could act as a potential approach to biofunctionlize titanium‐based prosthetic valves for endothelialization.