bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The irradiation variation of amorphous alloy FeSiB using for fusion devices induced by 2 MeV He ions
Authors: ZHANG Xiaonan , MEI Xianxiu , LI Shanshan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Because of its unique long range disordered structure and numerous free volume, amorphous alloy is considered to be able to accommodate the damage caused by ion bombardment and has good irradiation resistance. 2 MeV He+ ions were selected to irradiate amorphous alloy Fe80Si7B13, and it was found that the arrangement of atoms in the amorphous alloy became uneven. In the bubble layer located near the He ion range which was about 3.5 μm from the surface, the local atoms had a tendency of ordered arrangement. Under the irradiation, no obvious damage could be observed on the surface of the amorphous alloy, while the surface roughness increased, which reduced the surface relative reflectivity of the amorphous alloy. After the irradiation, the Fe-based amorphous alloy maintained the soft magnetic performance. The variation of atomic arrangement in the amorphous alloy enhanced its saturation magnetic induction intensity.
Accurate prediction of multi-label protein subcellular localization through multi-view feature learning with RBRL classifier
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Yandan , Li Shan , Han Yu , Jin Shuping , Gu Haiming , Yu Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multi-label proteins can participate in carrier transportation, enzyme catalysis, hormone regulation and other life activities. Meanwhile, they play a key role in the fields of biopharmaceuticals, gene and cell therapy. This article proposes a prediction method called Mps-mvRBRL to predict the subcellular localization (SCL) of multi-label protein. Firstly, pseudo position-specific scoring matrix, dipeptide composition, position specific scoring matrix-transition probability composition, gene ontology and pseudo amino acid composition algorithms are used to obtain numerical information from different views. Based on the contribution of five individual feature extraction methods, differential evolution is used for the first time to learn the weight of single feature, and then these original features use a weighted combination method to fuse multi-view information. Secondly, the fused high-dimensional features use a weighted linear discriminant analysis framework based on binary weight form to eliminate irrelevant information. Finally, the best feature vector is input into the joint ranking support vector machine and binary relevance with robust low-rank learning classifier to predict the SCL. After applying leave-one-out cross-validation, the overall actual accuracy (OAA) and overall location accuracy (OLA) of Mps-mvRBRL on the training set of Gram-positive bacteria are both 99.81%. The OAA on the test sets of plant, virus and Gram-negative bacteria datasets are 97.24%, 98.55% and 98.20%, respectively, and the OLA are 97.16%, 97.62% and 98.28%, respectively. The results show that the model achieves good prediction performance for predicting the SCL of multi-label protein.
Octopodoidea as predators near the end of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
Authors: Klompmaker Adiël A , Landman Neil H 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOctopodoidea are a highly versatile and diverse group of marine predators comprising &gt; 200 species today; however, their diversity and ecology in deep time are virtually unknown. Because these soft-bodied cephalopods have a low preservation potential, only a single body fossil species has been documented. Unlike other modern cephalopods, octopodoids leave behind a characteristic drill hole on their molluscan and crustacean prey. These traces provide a means to track their presence and behaviour in deep time. Although severely understudied, some of such holes have been documented from the Eocene–Pleistocene fossil record. We document the oldest recognized drill holes attributed to octopodoids, found in lucinid bivalves from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of South Dakota, USA. These observations demonstrate that the drilling habit of these animals evolved early in the evolutionary history of Octopodoidea, ~25 Myr earlier than was previously known. The drilled lucinids lived in cold methane seeps in the Western Interior Seaway. These predation traces have never been found in fossil seeps previously, thus adding a new predator to the food web of cold seeps. Finally, our results provide direct evidence that Octopodoidea were an integral component of the rise of shell-destroying predators during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.
Implication of Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated kinase in epithelium-mesenchyme transition
Authors: Miao Tianyu , Peng Changsheng , Tang Zizhi , Zeng Ming , Wang Shi , Wang Xiaojun , Guo Liandi , Wang Xiaobo , Zhao Jichun , Zhao Mingcai , Chen Jie , Liu Cong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Impairment of genome instability drives the development of cancer by disrupting anti-cancer barriers. Upon genotoxic insults, DNA damage responsive factors, notably ATM kinase, is crucial to protect genomic integrity while promoting cell death. Meanwhile, cytotoxic therapy-inducing DNA lesions is double-edged sword by causing cancer metastasis based on animal models and clinical observations. The underlying mechanisms for the procancer effect of cytotoxic therapies are poorly understood. Here, we report that cancer cells subjected to cytotoxic treatments elicit dramatic alteration of gene expression controlling the potential of epithelium-mesenchyme transition (EMT). Resultantly, EMT-dependent cell mobility is potently induced upon DNA damage. This stimulation of EMT is mainly Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-dependent, as the chemical inhibitor specifically inhibiting ATM kinase activity can suppress the EMT gene expression and thus cell mobility. At last, we show that cancer cells with ATM activation display increased metastatic potential in ovarian cancer tissues. Taken together, we reveal a novel role of ATM in promoting metastatic potential of cancer cells by favoring EMT gene expression.
Serum phosphorus and calcium levels, and kidney disease progression in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Yu Guizhen , Cheng Jun , Jiang Yan , Li Heng , Li Xiayu , Chen Jianghua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism have been reported to be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients requiring long-term dialysis therapy. However, its role in disease progression is not well established in patients without dialysis, especially in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. We aim to evaluate the association of serum phosphorus and calcium and progression of IgA nephropathy.

Methods
We assessed 2567 patients with IgA nephropathy at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Serum phosphorus and calcium were collected at the time of kidney biopsy and at each visit. The associations of serum phosphorus and serum calcium with composite kidney disease progression events, defined as 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and kidney failure, were examined using Cox models and restricted cubic splines.

Results
During a median follow-up of 31.9 months, 248 (10%) patients reached composite kidney disease progression events. A linear relationship was observed between serum phosphorus and composite kidney disease progression events. With higher levels of phosphorus, the risk of kidney disease progression events increased {hazard ratio [HR] 3.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–9.12]; P = 0.009}. Compared with the first quartile group, the HR of kidney disease progression events was 1.66 (95% CI 0.91–301) for the second quartile, 1.67 (95% CI 0.91–3.08) for the third and 2.62 (95% CI 1.44–4.77) for the fourth (P for trend = 0.002). The association between serum phosphorus and kidney disease progression was detectable [HR 8.94 (95% CI 2.33–34.21); P = 0.001] within the subgroup with eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not among patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 [HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.17–4.44); P = 0.87]. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, a higher level of serum calcium was not associated with kidney disease progression events [HR 0.33 (95% CI 0.10–1.09)].

Conclusions
Higher serum phosphorus rather than serum calcium was independently associated with kidney disease progression in IgA nephropathy.
An update on the roles of immune system-derived microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Roberts Luke B , Kapoor Puja , Howard Jane K , Shah Ajay M , Lord Graham M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of human death worldwide. Over the past two decades, the emerging field of cardioimmunology has demonstrated how cells of the immune system play vital roles in the pathogenesis of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular identity and function. Cell-intrinsic, as well as cell-extrinsic, roles of immune and inflammatory cell-derived miRNAs have been, and continue to be, extensively studied. Several ‘immuno-miRNAs’ appear to be specifically expressed or demonstrate greatly enriched expression within leucocytes. Identification of miRNAs as critical regulators of immune system signalling pathways has posed the question of whether and how targeting these molecules therapeutically, may afford opportunities for disease treatment and/or management. As the field of cardioimmunology rapidly continues to advance, this review discusses findings from recent human and murine studies which contribute to our understanding of how leucocytes of innate and adaptive immunity are regulated—and may also regulate other cell types, via the actions of the miRNAs they express, in the context of CVD. Finally, we focus on available information regarding miRNA regulation of regulatory T cells and argue that targeted manipulation of miRNA regulated pathways in these cells may hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of CVD and associated risk factors.
Physiological and pathological roles of protein kinase A in the heart
Authors: Liu Yuening , Chen Jingrui , Fontes Shayne K , Bautista Erika N , Cheng Zhaokang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein kinase A (PKA) is a central regulator of cardiac performance and morphology. Myocardial PKA activation is induced by a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and stress signals, most notably catecholamines secreted by the sympathetic nervous system. Catecholamines bind β-adrenergic receptors to stimulate cAMP-dependent PKA activation in cardiomyocytes. Elevated PKA activity enhances Ca2+ cycling and increases cardiac muscle contractility. Dynamic control of PKA is essential for cardiac homeostasis, as dysregulation of PKA signalling is associated with a broad range of heart diseases. Specifically, abnormal PKA activation or inactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia, hypertrophy, heart failure, as well as diabetic, takotsubo, or anthracycline cardiomyopathies. PKA may also determine sex-dependent differences in contractile function and heart disease predisposition. Here, we describe the recent advances regarding the roles of PKA in cardiac physiology and pathology, highlighting previous study limitations and future research directions. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic strategies and molecular mechanisms associated with cardiac PKA biology. In summary, PKA could serve as a promising drug target for cardioprotection. Depending on disease types and mechanisms, therapeutic intervention may require either inhibition or activation of PKA. Therefore, specific PKA inhibitors or activators may represent valuable drug candidates for the treatment of heart diseases.
Influence of aneurysmal aortic root geometry on mechanical stress to the aortic valve leaflet
Authors: Hayashi Hideyuki , Itatani Keiichi , Akiyama Koichi , Zhao Yanling , Kurlansky Paul , DeRoo Scott , Sanchez Joseph , Ferrari Giovanni , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo C. , Takeda Koji , Wu Isaac Y , Kainuma Atsushi , Takayama Hiroo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
While mechanical stress caused by blood flow, e.g. wall shear stress (WSS), and related parameters, e.g. oscillatory shear index (OSI), are increasingly being recognized as key moderators of various cardiovascular diseases, studies on valves have been limited because of a lack of appropriate imaging modalities. We investigated the influence of aortic root geometry on WSS and OSI on the aortic valve (AV) leaflet.

Methods and results
We applied our novel approach of intraoperative epi-aortic echocardiogram to measure the haemodynamic parameters of WSS and OSI on the AV leaflet. Thirty-six patients were included, which included those who underwent valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) with no significant aortic regurgitation (n = 17) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with normal AV (n = 19). At baseline, those who underwent VSARR had a higher systolic WSS (0.52 ± 0.12 vs. 0.32 ± 0.08 Pa, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) and a higher OSI (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.29 ± 0.04, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) on the aortic side of the AV leaflet than those who underwent CABG. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the size of the sinus of Valsalva had a significant association with WSS and OSI. Following VSARR, WSS and OSI values decreased significantly compared with the baseline values (WSS: 0.29 ± 0.12 Pa, P &lt; 0.001; OSI: 0.26 ± 0.09, P &lt; 0.001), and became comparable to the values in those who underwent CABG (WSS, P = 0.42; OSI, P = 0.15).

Conclusions
Mechanical stress on the AV gets altered in correlation with the size of the aortic root. An aneurysmal aortic root may expose the leaflet to abnormal fluid dynamics. The VSARR procedure appeared to reduce these abnormalities.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS OF GENES CAUSING F1 WEAKNESS IN ORYZA BREVILIGULATA AND O. GLABERRIMA
Authors: Chu Yaw-En , Oka Hiko-Ichi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Weakness of F1 plants is frequently found in hybrids between strains of Oryza breviligulata (wild) and O. glaberrima (cultivated rice) endemic to West Africa. A set of two complementary dominant weakness genes, W1 and W2, was found to control the observed F1 weakness. Many breviligulata strains had W1, while most of the glaberrima and semi-wild strains had W2 or were free of both. In the weak F1 plants, tissue differentiation in adventitious roots seemed to be disturbed. Modifier genes affecting the expression of the weakness genes appear to be present also.
SITE OF ACTION OF 3',5'-CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE IN PRODUCTION OF TRYPTOPHANASE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Immken LaDonna , Apirion David 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
3″,5″ cyclic-AMP (cAMP) will stimulate the rate of tryptophanase synthesis in Escherichia coli cultures induced with tryptophan. Adding cAMP after the initiation of messenger RNA synthesis was blocked by rifampicin, did not stimulate tryptophanase synthesis. This indicates that cAMP acts at initiation of either transcription or translation and not at the level of chain elongation of either the messenger or the polypeptide chain.
INCOMPATIBILITY OF INTEGRATED SEX FACTORS IN DOUBLE MALE STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Kaney Anthony R , Atwood K C 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Several strains of Escherichia coli K-12 harboring two F factors were isolated from Hfr x Hfr crosses. These strains were transiently capable of initiating chromosome transfer from two separate points of origin, and of transferring two different sex factors as integrated chromosomal markers. Each strain tested invariably reverted to a simple Hfr by loss of one of the inherited F factors. The F factor persisting in the revertant was, in nearly every case, that which had been inherited from the recipient Hfr parent.
INBREEDING EFFECTS UPON GROWTH AND MATERNAL ABILITY IN LABORATORY MICE
Authors: White J M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of systematically increasing levels of inbreeding upon growth and postnatal maternal ability were determined in laboratory mice by utilizing the reciprocal crossfostering technique. Two experiments were conducted. The first included postnatal dams which were inbred 0, 12, 25 and 38% while corresponding levels in the litter were 0, 22, 38 and 50%, respectively. The second experiment included 0, 25, 50 and 73% inbred dams with litters inbred 0, 38, 59 and 79%, respectively. Increasing the level of inbreeding was found to linearly depress postnatal maternal performance. Young which had been suckled by the more inbred dams were smaller at 12 and 21 days of age than those which had been nursed by the more outbred dams. In the second experiment, these effects were carried over into the postweaning period. Increasing levels of inbreeding in the litter significantly depressed birth weight and weight at 12, 21, 42 and 56 days. The depressing effects of inbreeding in the litter were primarily linear for both males and females under the conditions of the more moderate levels of inbreeding included in the first experiment, but were curvilinear for females and linear for males in the second experiment. The curvilinearity in females was due to the general lack of depression until inbreeding had reached 50 to 60%, after which significant inbreeding depression developed.
COLONY MUTANTS OF COMPATIBLE NOCARDIAE DISPLAYING VARIATIONS IN RECOMBINING CAPACITY
Authors: Brownell George H , Walsh Richard S 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Colonial morphology mutants of Nocardia erythropolis were isolated following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The alleles rou-1/smo-1 were located by recombinant analysis and found to be linked to previously mapped characters. On the basis of recombinant class type patterns obtained from various selective characters it was postulated that the rou-1 allele may span a region of unique nucleotides in the Mat-Ce genome. Recombination frequencies of rou-1 and smo-2 bearing mutants of the Mat-Ce mating type were found to differ by over 1000 fold. Attempts to demonstrate that low recombination frequencies produced by the Smo mutants were due to Rec- genes were unsuccessful. No increased sensitivity to either UV or X irradiation was observed by the Smo mutants. Acriflavine treatment of either Rou or Smo colony mutants failed to accelerate reversion or to alter the recombining potentials of the mutants.
THE TEMPORAL SEQUENCE OF SYNAPTIC INITIATION, CROSSING OVER AND SYNAPTIC COMPLETION
Authors: Maguire Marjorie P 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Questions are raised as to the validity of arguments that crossover positions have been demonstrated to be normally established only during pachytene (after synapsis is maximal). An alternative and testable hypothesis is that crossover commitment can occur at events of synaptic initiation.—Measurements are presented of extents of pachytene synapsis and failure in and around a region of maize chromosome heterozygous for a short paracentric inversion, and these are compared to conjectured expectations from observations of crossover frequencies within the inversion. Various hypotheses consistent with the results are considered. It is pointed out that the hypothesis that increases in crossover frequency in the synapsed region of the inversion are compensatory to crossover inhibitions elsewhere requires complex assumptions: that the adjustment must take place among, not within cells and that the enhancement is preferentially expressed within the inversion instead of elsewhere in the genome. The hypothesis that the fixing and squashing procedure forces apart non-crossover regions previously synapsed but lacking a crossover also requires complex assumptions. The simplest hypothesis proposes that crossover commitment may determine synaptic expression. A role of the synaptonemal complex in the establishment of crossover sites is questioned or minimized.—Evidence is also presented with respect to conceivable function of the telomere in synaptic initiation. Restrictions on such a function, if it exists, seem to be required to account for the observations.
SUPER SUPPRESSORS IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA I. INDUCTION, GENETIC LOCALIZATION AND RELATIONSHIP TO A MISSENSE SUPPRESSOR
Authors: Seale Thomas W 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Genetic analyses have been made to test the feasibility of using coincident reversions to prototrophy of multiple mutants to select super suppressors (ssu) in Neurospora crassa. Of five double-mutant strains examined, only those mutant combinations in which both members had the properties of nonsense mutations did revert coincidently. Forty-eight genetically purified coincident revertants were crossed to the wild type, and each was shown to contain a suppressor mutation. Five super suppressors were examined more thoroughly. Tetrad and random spore analysis was used to demonstrate that each behaved as a single gene in crosses. Two super suppressors, ssu-1 and ssu-4 were localized respectively on the right and left arm of linkage group 7. Two others, ssu-2 and ssu-3, appear to map on the right arm of linkage group 1. The fifth super suppressor mapped, ssu-7, lies between ad-8 and ylo-1 on linkage group 6. One super suppressor, ssu-1, was interesting because it mapped near the location reported for the suppressor of the missense mutant tryp-3(td201) (Yourno and Suskind 1964a). However, no overlap was found in action spectrum of the two suppressors. Tetrad analysis showed the two suppressors were located about 10 map units apart, the missense suppressor being the more distal to the centromere.