bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loculations and Associated Risk Factors of Childhood Pleural Tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Jun-Li , Zhou Ming , Zhang Yan-An , Wang Mao-Shui 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pleural loculation in childhood pleural tuberculosis (TB) remains a problem in practice, it is usually associated with failure drainage. Therefore, to improve the management of childhood pleural TB, a retrospective study was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with loculated effusion in childhood pleural TB.Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2019, consecutive children (≤15 years old) with tuberculous pleural effusion (definite and possible) were included for further analysis. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features were collected from the medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to explore the factors associated with the presence of pleural loculation in children with pleural TB.Results: A total of 154 children with pleural TB (definite, 123 cases; possible, 31 cases) were included in our study and then were classified as loculated effusion (n = 27) and non-loculated effusion (n = 127) groups by chest X-ray or ultrasonography. Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender (age-adjusted OR = 3.903, 95% CI: 1.201, 12.683), empyema (age-adjusted OR = 4.499, 95% CI: 1.597, 12.673), peripheral monocytes ≤0.46 × 109/L (age-adjusted OR = 4.122, 95% CI: 1.518, 11.193) were associated with the presence of loculated effusion in children with pleural TB.Conclusion: In conclusion, several characteristics, such as male gender, empyema, and peripheral monocyte count have been identified as risk factors for pleural loculation in children with pleural TB. Our findings may be helpful to improve the management of pleural loculation in childhood pleural TB.
Body Image in BRCA-Positive Young Women Following Bilateral Risk-Reducing Mastectomy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Torrisi Christa 
Published: December 2021

Background/Significance: The presence of a breast cancer (BRCA) gene mutation increases a woman’s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy is a proactive treatment option which lowers that risk. However, breast removal can create a change in physical appearance. It is unclear if BRCA-positive women undergoing this surgery in young adulthood, a life stage where intimate relationships, families, and careers are being established, have the same experience with body image as women in later stages of life.Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to assess how bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy impacts body image in young BRCA-positive women less than 40 years of age, with no history of breast cancer.Methods: Database searches were performed, yielding 402 results. Studies were considered if participants had an increased lifetime breast cancer risk/BRCA-positive diagnosis and history of bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy, body image was evaluated, and mean age was less than 40 years. A total of three qualitative studies and three quantitative studies were identified as relevant for this review.Results: A dearth of information exists on body image in young women following bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy. It was found in this review that some women experienced a decline in body image following surgery, while in others body image was maintained or improved.Conclusion: Understanding factors that impact body image following this risk-reducing surgery will allow clinicians to support this unique population. Open and informative discussion should be encouraged with young women considering, or who have undergone, bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy.
Psychiatric Comorbidity and Stress in Medical Students Using Neuroenhancers
Authors: Jebrini Tarek , Manz Kirsi , Koller Gabriele , Krause Daniela , Soyka Michael , Franke Andreas G. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) is a common healthcare problem at least among students. PN seems to be associated with stressful situations. There is a lack of data about personal characteristics, comorbidities, and coping strategies regarding stress and factors of resilience in students and medical staff.Methods: A web-based survey about the non-medical use of PN drugs with a focus on neuroenhancement was developed and distributed among medical students throughout Germany; the questionnaire was open in April and May of 2020. The survey contained questions about the use of well-known PN drugs, frequency, special purposes, reasons for the use, psychiatric disorders, use of psychotropic drugs apart from PN purposes, and factors of resilience using the brief resilience scale.Results: Data of 1,159 students of medicine were analyzed. The most frequently used substances for PN were coffee (78.8% lifetime prevalence rate), energy drinks (45.7%), caffeine tablets (24.3%), methylphenidate (5.2%), illicit amphetamines (2.0%), and cocaine (1.7%). 98.4% suspected that PN drug use could lead to addiction. PN drug use specifically for PN was significantly associated with the use of (a) any psychotropic drug (other than neuroenhancers), (b) any psychiatric disorder, and (c) higher values of feeling pressure to perform in professional/students' life and in private life as well as (d) the subjective feeling of pressure to perform to be burdening and (e) harmful to one's own health. PN drug use in general was significantly associated with being less resilient. The use of illicit PN drugs, over the counter drugs and prescription drugs was associated with being less resilient.Conclusion: This study indicates that PN with legal and illegal drugs is a widespread phenomenon among German medical students. Users seem to be more often burdened by psychiatric disorders, especially addictive disorders, the perception of stress, pressure to perform and low levels of resilience. These aspects should be considered in further investigation of PN drug use.
Patho-Physiology of Aging and Immune-Senescence: Possible Correlates With Comorbidity and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Old COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Farheen Saba , Agrawal Sudhanshu , Zubair Swaleha , Agrawal Anshu , Jamal Fauzia , Altaf Ishrat , Kashif Anwar Abu , Umair Syed Mohammad , Owais Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

During the last 2 years, the entire world has been severely devastated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) as it resulted in several million deaths across the globe. While the virus infects people indiscriminately, the casualty risk is higher mainly in old, and middle-aged COVID-19 patients. The incidences of COVID-19 associated co-morbidity and mortality have a great deal of correlation with the weakened and malfunctioning immune systems of elderly people. Presumably, due to the physiological changes associated with aging and because of possible comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular, and lung diseases, which are more common in elderly people, may be considered as the reason making the elderly vulnerable to the infection on one hand, and COVID-19 associated complications on the other. The accretion of senescent immune cells not only contributes to the deterioration of host defense, but also results in elevated inflammatory phenotype persuaded immune dysfunction. In the present review, we envisage to correlate functioning of the immune defense of older COVID-19 patients with secondary/super infection, increased susceptibility or aggravation against already existing cancer, infectious, autoimmune, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, we have discussed how age-linked modulations in the immune system affect therapeutic response against administered drugs as well as immunological response to various prophylactic measures including vaccination in the elderly host. The present review also provides an insight into the intricate pathophysiology of the aging and the overall immune response of the host to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A better understanding of age-related immune dysfunction is likely to help us in the development of targeted preemptive strategies for deadly COVID-19 in elderly patients.
Comparison of Ceramic-on-Ceramic vs. Ceramic-on-Polyethylene for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Randomized Trials
Authors: Fang Yan , Shang Xiaobin 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to compare ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) components and ceramic-on-polyethylene (COP) components during total hip arthroplasty (THA).Settings: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing COC and COP during primary THA was conducted. Electronic searches were current to March 2021.Participants: Trials were included for meta-analysis if they compared at least the bearing surfaces of COC and COP for patients undergoing primary THA and if they reported the outcomes of THA after a certain period of follow-up and only RCTs in English were included.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The primary endpoints consist of audible noise, prosthesis fracture, and revision. Secondary endpoints include dislocation, deep infection, osteolysis, and prosthesis loosening. Extracted data were statistically analyzed with the Stata11.0.Results: A total of 15 RCTs containing 2,702 patients (2,813 hips) were included in this study. The audible noise [odds ratio (OR) = 5.919; 95% CI: 2.043, 17.146; p ≤ 0.001] and prosthesis fracture (OR = 35.768; 95% CI: 8.957, 142.836; p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the COC group. Hip function, revision rate, dislocation rate, deep infection rate, osteolysis rate, and prosthesis loosening rate were comparable between these two groups, while the wear rate was higher in the COP group.Conclusion: This study indicated comparable outcomes of COC and COP bearing surfaces in primary THA; high-quality RCTs with a long-term follow-up are still urgently needed to provide more evidence on the optimal bearing surfaces in primary THA.
Estadística multivariante para la caracterización sectorial según la infraestructura de las viviendas en San Carlos de Zulia
Authors: Useche Castro Lelly María , Mendoza Talledo Olga Lilian , Bravo  Saltos Rosalba Karen , Lapo Palacios Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2021

Se determinó un perfil de la infraestructura de una población rural en Venezuela con respecto a la vivienda según el sector, realizando un análisis de correspondencias simple en donde se compararon las variables de infraestructura con respecto a la variable “sector”. La base de datos se obtuvo de una investigación previa basada en un cuestionario del censo de población y vivienda del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) de una muestra de 226 hogares. Los resultados obtenidos variaron según el tipo de infraestructura y servicios básicos del sector. La técnica de análisis de correspondencias simple mostró ventajas y desventajas como método para caracterizar poblaciones.

Palabras clave: Análisis de correspondencias simple, análisis multivariante, caracterización, infraestructura.

Abstract
A profile of the infrastructure of a rural population in Venezuela was determined with respect to housing according to the sector, performing a simple correspondence analysis in which the infrastructure variables were compared with respect to the variable "sector". The database was obtained from a previous investigation based on a questionnaire of the population and housing census of the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of a sample of 226 households. The results obtained varied according to the type of infrastructure and basic services in the sector. The simple correspondence analysis technique showed advantages and disadvantages as a method to characterize populations.

Keywords: Simple Correspondence Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Characterization, Infrastructure.
Trayectorias de urbanización en el valle y el delta del Nilo en el IV milenio a.C.: Hieracómpolis y Tell el-Farkha en perspectiva comparada
Authors: Campagno Marcelo , Czarnowicz Marcin , Daizo M. Belén 
Published: December 2021

Uno de los principales focos de los estudios comparativos sobre sociedades antiguas es el que refiere a las dinámicas urbanas y, en particular, a los procesos de urbanización inicial y su concomitancia con las transformaciones que conducen al surgimiento de dinámicas estatales. En este marco, interesa analizar aquí la evidencia procedente de dos núcleos que han aportado una gran cantidad de información acerca de las características del nucleamiento poblacional a orillas del Nilo durante el IV milenio a.C.: se trata de Hieracómpolis, en el Alto Egipto, y de Tell el-Farkha, en el delta del Nilo. Se abordará primeramente la evidencia disponible para ambas situaciones históricas, organizándola en cuatro grandes ámbitos, relacionados con la dinámica espacial, las formas de especialización funcional, la diferenciación social y el conflicto, que permiten advertir las principales transformaciones que son más directamente reconocibles. Y luego se propondrá una reconsideración de la información que se relaciona con un problema específico: la relación entre la concentración de población en contextos urbanos y los procesos de jerarquización sociopolítica que tuvieron lugar dentro –y a partir– de esos centros urbanos. En este sentido, más allá de las múltiples diferencias entre las trayectorias de urbanización de Hieracómpolis y de Tell el-Farkha en el largo plazo, los inicios de esos procesos en ambos núcleos tienen una característica común, que sería fundamental para las futuras transformaciones: la creación de un contexto social en el que advendrían prácticas que excederían los límites que establecía la lógica preexistente de organización social.
POSSIBLE CAUSE OF ABNORMAL COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BULDING
Authors: Кокоев М. Н. 
Published: December 2021

Национальный институт стандартов и технологий (NIST) провел расследование о причинах обрушения Всемирного торгового центра (WTC). Однако до сих пор встречаются суждения о якобы специально подготовленном взрыве зданий WTC некими «заговорщиками». Действительно, для многих наблюдателей и экспертов картина обрушения башен WTC послужила поводом для сомнений - как могли высотные здания относительно ровно, практически вертикально, обрушиться? В связи с этим, в работе обсуждается гипотеза, на основе которой можно объяснить специфический характер обрушения зданий. Лифтовые шахты в зданиях занимали 25% площади на плане. Они были сгруппированы в центре здания. Внутренний объем шахт для лифтов на протяжении 200 метров по высоте равен 120000 м3. Разлившийся авиационный керосин пропитал поверхности стенок лифтовых шахт и создал внутри смесь из паров керосина и воздуха. У керосина в три раза ниже поверхностное натяжение, чем у воды. Поэтому он легко смачивает почти любые поверхности, быстро растекается и пропитывает всё. Для керосина концентрационные границы взрываемости в смеси с воздухом находятся от 0,8 до 5,2%. Энергия паров керосина в лифтовых шахтах, равная нижнему концентрационному пределу взрываемости, эквивалентна 13000 кг ТНТ. При случайной искре происходит объемный взрыв паров керосина в лифтовых шахтах. Энергии взрыва достаточно для разрушения и последующего почти вертикального обрушения здания.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted an investigation into the causes of the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC). However, there are still opinions about the allegedly specially prepared explosion of the WTC buildings by some “conspirators”. For many observers and experts, the picture of the collapse of the WTC towers gave rise to doubts - how could high-rise buildings collapse relatively evenly, almost vertically? The paper discusses a hypothesis on the basis of which it is possible to explain the specific nature of the collapse of these buildings. The elevator shafts were grouped in the center of the building. They occupied 25% of the area on the plan. The internal volume of the elevator shafts over a length of 200 meters in height is equal to 120,000 m3. The spilled aviation kerosene soaked the surfaces of the walls of the elevator shafts and created a mixture of kerosene and air vapors inside. Kerosene has three times lower surface tension than water. Therefore, it easily wets almost any surface, spreads quickly and soaks everything. For kerosene, the concentration limits of explosiveness in a mixture with air are from 0.8 to 5.2%. The energy of kerosene vapors in lift shafts, equal to the lower concentration limit of explosiveness, is equivalent to 13000 kg of TNT. In case of an accidental spark, a volumetric explosion of kerosene vapors occurs in the elevator shafts. The energy of the explosion was enough to destroy the building causing subsequent almost vertical collapse.
Estudio comparativo del emprendimiento tecnológico en aplicaciones móviles en Japón, Corea y México.
Authors: Pérez Hernández María del Pilar Monserrat , Espinosa Nuñez Sandra María 
Published: December 2021

El análisis del desarrollo del emprendimiento entre países, generalmente, se realiza desde diferentes niveles, empero, como lo muestra la literatura del emprendimiento internacional existe un vacío en el análisis micro. La metodología empleada explora la literatura y las características de cada país, y, posteriormente, selecciona de manera aleatoria a un emprendedor del sector TIC de aplicaciones móviles para entrevistarlo a profundidad. Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo de los procesos de gestión de emprendimientos, las diferencias de los ecosistemas y el perfil de tres casos de emprendedores de Japón, Corea y México. Entre los resultados se aprecia que Japón y Corea realizan un esfuerzo considerable en la elaboración de políticas públicas enfocadas en promover emprendedores; mientras que, en México, el esfuerzo institucional es incipiente. Respecto a los perfiles, la experiencia laboral impacta más para tener claridad en la idea de negocio, que en el descubrimiento de la oportunidad. En general, en los casos de México y Corea, se cumplen los perfiles emprendedores, mientras que para Japón resulta diferente, dadas las circunstancias personales. En cuanto al análisis de las características de los emprendedores, reviste importancia toral determinar el impacto de las políticas públicas de fomento emprendedor, pero, también, el efecto que tienen los temas como educación, ambiente institucional, espíritu y cultura emprendedora en cada individuo con la intensión de emprender una nueva empresa.
APLIKASI MONITORING PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT DESA SUMBERANYAR KECAMATAN PAITON BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Amalia Ruly 
Published: December 2021

Pelayanan masyarakat merupakan suatu tugas yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Akan tetapi pelayanan masyarakat yang ada di desa sumberanyar khususnya dalam menanggapi sebuah aspirasi dan pengaduan seperti pengaduan tentang bantuan sosial, infrastruktur dan pengaduan yang lainnya masih dilakukan secara manual dan belum terpublikasi secara baik, salah satu faktornya adalah waktu. Jarak alamat rumah dengan kantor desa menjadi faktor penghalang mereka serta luasnya daerah sumberanyar menjadi kendala dan masyarakat harus menunggu waktu yng lama pengaduan mereka di proses. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu aplikasi yang bisa memudahkan masyarakat dalam melakukan pelayanan aspirasi, aplikasi monitoring pelayanan masyarakat desa sumberanyar kecamatan paiton berbasis web adalah solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang telah diuraikan. Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan menggunakan model SLDC (Software Development Life Cycle) Waterfall dan diharapkan dengan melakukan penelitian ini dapat di ambil manfaat seperti memudahkan aparatur desa dalam menanggapi aspiasri pelayanan masyarakat desa.
SISTEM INFORMASI NOTIFIKASI KEGIATAN MASJID MUJAHIDIN MENGGUNAKAN ANDROID
Authors: Al Maliki Moh Ahsan 
Published: December 2021

Masjid Mujahidin menjadi pusat kegiatan keagamaan Islam dan banyak agenda kegiatan yang dilakukan di Masjid. Seperti yang ada di Masjid Mujahidin, Diantaranya tahtimul Qur’an, agenda tahunan seperti santunan anak yatim, tahun baru islam dan memperingati kelahiran Nabi Muhammad SAW. serta ada pembagian jadwal imam masjid, muadzin, bilal. Dalam hal ini takmir Masjid kerepotan menangani agenda yang akan dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan mingguan, bulanan dan tahunan di masjid. Bahkan jadwal ketika di papan mading jadwalnya sudah dicantumkan dan jama’ah sudah dibagikan undangan pengumuman yang datang ke masjid penyampaian kegiatan nya masih kurang tersampaikan dengan konsisten, maka dari itu dibutuhkan system informasi notifikasi kegiatan masjid mujahidin menggunakan android. Dengan menggunakan metode waterfall yang dapat mempermudah dan mempercepat pengurus masjid dalam mengiformasikan kegiatan masjid ke masyarakat dengan aplikasi notifikasi kegiatan masjid. Model waterfall menyediakan alur hidup software sekuential atau berurutan seperti air terjun di mulai dari requirement,system and software desain, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, dan opration and maintenence. Hasil pengujian blackbox diperoleh sebuah kesimpulan telah sesuai bahwa semua yang di uji secara eksternal memperoleh nilai presentase sebesar 83%,hingga bisa dikatakan sangat baik dan layak sudah untuk digunakan.
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS LIMBAH SAYURAN (KUBIS, SAWI, SELADA) DAN KADAR EM4 PADA PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI
Authors: Anita  , Setyawati Harimbi , Sari Sanny Andjar , Nathania Devona , Zahwa Nadila 
Published: December 2021

Pasar tradisional setiap harinya menghasilkan sampah atau limbah sauran, diantaranya kubis, sawi dan selada juga sayuran yang lain dalam jumlah yang cukup besar dan atau banyak. Sehingga perlu diterapkan suatu teknologi untuk mengatasi sampah atau limbah sayuran tersebut, yaitu dengan menggunakan teknologi daur ulang, merubah sampah sayuran menjadi pupuk kompos yang lebih mempunyai nilai jual dan juga nilai guna yang tinggi sebagai pupuk penyubur tanaman alami. tanpa bahan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jenis limbah sayuran dan kadar EM4 pada pembuatan pupuk kompos dengan proses fermentasi. Variabel yang digunakan adalah kadar EM4 : 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, dan 6 % dan jenis limbah sayuran yang digunakan yaitu limbah sayur kubis, sawi, dan selada. Bahan-bahan tersebut dimasukkan kedalam polybag dan dilakukan proses fermantasi anaerob selama 14 hari, yang selanjutnya setiap 2 (dua) hari sekali dilakukan pengecekan suhu dan pH . Didapatkan hasil analisa terbaik untuk kandungan nitrogen pada variasi limbah sawi dengan konsentrasi EM4 6% yaitu sebanyak 1,06%, untuk kandungan fosfor tertinggi pada variasi limbah kubis dengan konsentrasi EM4 5% sebesar 0,3%, kandungan kalium tertinggi pada variasi limbah kubis dengan konsentrasi EM4 4% sebesar 2,12%.