bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of hypothyroxinemia in premature infants
Authors: Yilmaz Aslan , Özer Yavuz , Kaya Nesrin , Turan Hande , Acar Hazal Cansu , Ercan Oya , Perk Yıldız , Evliyaoğlu Olcay , Vural Mehmet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypothyroxinemia is defined by low levels of thyroxine (T4) despite low or normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with transient hypothyroxinemia (THOP) in premature newborn.Method: This is a single center, retrospective, case-control study. Premature newborns, between 24-34 weeks of gestation, hospitalised between January 2014-December 2019 in our Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were analyzed through their medical records. Thyroid function tests were routinely performed between the 10th and 20th days of postnatal life and were evaluated according to the gestational age references. Thirty six risk factors (prenatal and postnatal parameters, medical treatments, clinical diagnoses and applications in NICU) were searched in the patient group with THOP (n=71) and the control group with euthyroid prematures (n=73). The risk factors for THOP were identified by univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis. Results: Mean gestational ages of the study and the control groups were 29.7 ± 2.48 and 30.5 ± 2.30 weeks, respectively (p = 0.606). The birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), congenital heart disease (CHD) were found to be the risk factors for THOP in the univariate analysis and CHD (p=0.033, odds ratio [OR]:3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-12.3), BW (p=0.012, OR:0.998, 95% CI: 0.9-1.01) and SGA (p=0.006, OR:5.3, 95% CI: 1.6-17.71) were found to be an independent risk factor for THOP as a result of the multivariate analysis.Conclusıons: Although some treatment practices might have had direct effects on pituitary–thyroid axis, associated with the severity of the newborn clinical conditions, non of them was found to be a risk factor for THOP. However, preterm babies with CHD and SGA could have more risk for THOP.
ADAM12 as a Clinical Prognostic Indicator Associated with Tumour Immune Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Junfan , Huang Zhidong , Xu Yiquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In humans, 22 functional α-disintegrinand metalloproteinases (ADAMs) have been identified, 12 of which have proteolytic activity. The role of ADAMs in cancer has attracted increasing attention. However, the expression and significance of ADAMs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. The current study aimed to explore the expression and prognostic value of ADAM12 in LUAD.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database was used to analyse the expression of ADAMs in LUAD. The cBioPortal database was used to obtain and analyse ADAM12 copy number changes, and the LinkedOmics database was utilised for the analysis of ADAM12-related genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was then performed using TIMER. The relationship between ADAM12 and the tumour immune microenvironment(TIM) was assessed via the TISIDB database. ADAM12 and immune-related genes were used to construct a prognostic model. Knockdown of ADAM12 was performed in vitro in order to verify its biological function. The unpaired t-test was used for comparison between the two groups, ANOVA was used for analysing differences between multiple groups, and the Kaplan-Meier test was used to compare survival between groups.Results: Most ADAMs exhibited significant differential expression in LUAD. ADAM12 expression was significantly higher in LUAD tissues than in healthy tissues, and lower ADAM12 expression was associated with better survival. Genetic alterations of ADAM12 mainly included missense mutations, amplifications, and deep deletions. ADAM12 and positively correlated genes were mainly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, and adhesion plaques. ADAM12 had a moderate correlation with immune cell markers EBIP1, CCNB1, EXO1, KNTC1, PRC1 and FAM198B. Prognostic model was established based on ADAM12 and immune-related genes. In vitro experiments revealed that knocking down ADAM12 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Conclusion: ADAM12 potentially plays an important role in the occurrence of LUAD and may be utilised as an immunotherapy target and a valuable prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
Mechanistic insight into DsyB/DSYB, key enzymes in marine dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis
Authors: Todd Jonathan , Li Chun-Yang , Crack Jason , Newton-Payne Simone , Murphy Andrew , Chen Xiu-Lan , Pinchbeck Benjamin , Zhou Shun , Williams Beth , Peng Ming , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Chen Yin , Brun Nick Le , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Marine algae and bacteria produce eight billion tonnes of the organosulfur molecule dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Earth’s surface oceans every year. DMSP is an anti-stress compound and, once released into the environment, a major nutrient, signalling molecule and source of climate-active gases. The methionine transamination pathway for DMSP synthesis is used by most known DMSP-producing algae and bacteria. The S-directed S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (SAM-MT) 4-methylthio-2-hydroxybutyrate (MTHB) S-methyltransferase, encoded by the dsyB/DSYB gene, is the key enzyme of this pathway, generating S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and 4-dimethylsulfonio-2-hydroxybutyrate (DMSHB). dsyB/DSYB, present in most DMSP-producing bacteria and haptophyte and dinoflagellate algae with the highest known DMSP concentrations, is shown to be far more abundant and transcribed in marine environments than any other known DMSP synthesis pathway S-methyltransferase gene. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vitro activity of the bacterial DsyB enzyme from Nisaea denitrificans, and provide its crystal structure in complex with SAM and SAH-MTHB, which together provide the first mechanistic insights into a DMSP synthesis enzyme. Structural and mutational analyses imply that DsyB adopts a novel mechanism, distinct from any previously reported SAM-MT, in which the DsyB residue Tyr142 activates the sulfur atom of MTHB for nucleophilic attack on the SAM methyl group. Sequence analysis suggests that this mechanism is common to all bacterial DsyB enzymes and also, importantly, eukaryotic DSYB enzymes from e.g., algae that are the major DMSP producers in Earth’s surface oceans.
Application of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Combined with Dial Positioning in Small Pulmonary Nodules Surgery
Authors: Zhao Long , Yang Wenyu , Hong Ruofeng , Fei Jianbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: With the popularization of HRCT and VATS, the incidence of early stage lung cancer is increasing recent years. About 63% of small pulmonary nodules can not be accurately identified in VATS. We use 3-D reconstruction combined with dial positioning to analyze its accuracy and impact on patients undergoing VATS in our hospital.Materials and result: From September 2019 to December 2020, 74 patients underwent VATS pulmonary nodule resection in our institute, with an average age of (56.4 ± 11.7) years old. A total of 83 nodules were resected in 74 patients, 23 nodules received segmentectomy and 60 nodules received wedge resection with 16 benign nodules and 67 malignant nodules. The distance between the nodules and pleura was (0 ~ 25) mm, with an average of (8.0 ± 3.9) mm. The target nodules were found in all patients, The positioning accuracy was 97.6%. All patients were satisfied with the positioning method, and there was no scar left at the skin puncture point after operation.Conclusion: 3-D reconstruction combined with dial positioning method can reduce patients' anxiety preoperatively, avoid various complications, reduce hospitalization expenses, and has an acceptable accuracy and short learning curve, which can be further promoted and applied in clinic.
De Novo Design of a pH-triggered Self-assembled β-hairpin Nano Peptide for the Dual Biological Function of Antibacterial and Entrapment
Authors: Li Qiuke , Li Jinze , Yu Weikang , Wang Zhihua , Li Jiawei , Feng Xingjun , Wang Jiajun , Shan Anshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcid-tolerant enteric pathogens could evade small intestinal acid barriers, colonizing and infecting the intestinal tract. Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics are not the best therapeutic strategy because of the disruption of intestinal flora caused by its indiscriminate antimicrobial activity against beneficial and harmful bacteria. So that is what inspired us to combine pH regulation with nanotechnology to develop a pH-triggered site-targeted antimicrobial peptide with entrapping function. ResultsAccording to the features of amino-acid building blocks and the diagonal cation–π interaction principle, a self-assembled peptide (SAP) was designed, and the results showed that changes in pH conditions could trigger the transformation of the microstructure of the nanopeptide, which has great antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus under acidic conditions by disrupting bacterial membrane integrity, and great biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro and high tolerance. Moreover, SAP at high concentrations showed the entrapment property, which plays an important role in phagocytic clearance in the infection forces.ConclusionsOur study revealed the antibacterial activity of a short β-hairpin forming self-assembled peptide and establishes an innovative design strategy for peptide-based nanomaterials and a new treatment strategy for gastrointestinal bacterial infection.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Niger (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Niger, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Multimodal Freezing System for Cryogenic 3D Printing
Authors: Kamble Pushkar Prakash , Chavan Subodh , Hodgir Rajendra , Gote Gopal , Karunakaran K P , Goli Sandeep 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cryogenic 3D Printing (Cryo-3DP) creates 3D objects by deposition-then-freezing of aqueous solutions of various materials layer-by-layer. The process generally takes place at the temperature ranging from -20 °C to -25°C. At the beginning of the process, cryo-3DP demands a high cooling rate to reduce the work envelope’s temperature rapidly. After the work envelope reaches the working temperature (-20 to -25°C), lower cooling rates are enough. The proposed multimodal freezing system uses two modes of cooling. Rapid injection of the CO2 gas in the chamber is suitable for achieving high cooling rates (0.5 °Cs-1) initially and Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) for sustained heat removal from the system (0.5 °Cmin-1). The results show that the proposed multimodal system performs faster than the conventional system.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Liberia (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Liberia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Namibia (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Namibia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Mozambique (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Mozambique, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Passive ring resonators and Kerr micro-combs for microwave spectrum channel separation
Authors: Moss David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present our recent work on broadband RF channelizers based on integrated optical frequency Kerr micro-combs combined with passive micro-ring resonator filters, with microcombs having channel spacings of 200GHz and 49GHz. This approach to realizing RF channelizers offers reduced complexity, size, and potential cost for a wide range of applications to microwave signal detection.
Evaluating a muscle ultrasound education programme: theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills, reliability and satisfaction of critical care physiotherapists
Authors: González-Seguel Felipe , Pinto-Concha Juan José , Ríos-Castro Francisco , Silva-Gutiérrez Alexis , Camus-Molina Agustín , Mayer Kirby P. , Parry Selina M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: There is scarce evidence on learning outcomes of physiotherapists receiving formal muscle ultrasound training focused on the intensive care setting. The aim was to evaluate the theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills, satisfaction and reliability of critical care physiotherapists participating in a muscle ultrasound (MUS) educational programme. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 19 critical care physiotherapists with little to no prior experience in ultrasound who completed standardized 20-hours in MUS was performed over 2-week time period; including knobology, patient positioning, anatomical landmarks, image acquisition and limb muscle measurements. Theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills acquisition and satisfaction were assessed. Inter and intra-rater reliability on landmarks, thickness and pennation angle of quadriceps between participants was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability among instructors measured prior to the course was also reported as reference. Results: The percentage score (mean±SD) of knowledge questionnaires was 69±0.11 (pre-course), 89±0.10 (post-course) and 92±0.09 (hands-on skills). Course satisfaction scores were ranged from 90% to 100%. Participants obtained pooled inter-rater reliability (median ICC [IQR]) of 0.70 [0.59 to 0.79] for thickness, 0.47 [0.46 to 0.92] for landmarks, 0.00 [0.00 to 0.05] for pennation angle; and intra-rater reliability of 0.76 [0.51 to 0.91] for thickness, and 0.35 [0.29 to 0.52] for pennation angle. Instructors obtained inter-rater ICC values of 0.90 for thickness, 0.67 for landmarks and 0.41 for pennation angle; and intra-rater ICC values of 0.94 for thickness and 0.75 for pennation angle. Conclusions: Increasing on theoretical knowledge, high hands-on performance acquisition, and good satisfaction of physiotherapists were observed. Reliability was moderate to excellent for thickness and landmarks, and absent to weak for pennation angle. Landmarking and pennation angle remain challenges for physiotherapist training in the application of muscle ultrasound. Further studies are needed to identify variables that could modify the reliability during MUS training.
A study in the effect of Oridonin on the lung cancer therapeutic effect of lentinan
Authors: CHEN ZHIGUO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oridonin has been shown to have a potency for the improvement of the antitumor effect of lentinan (LNT). In this study, we tested the effect of oridonin, LNT, and the combination of them on a lung cancer. The study demonstrated that oridonin enhanced the antitumor effects of LNT and is conducive to the development of oridonin and LNT as a novel cancer drug regimen.
Lead-substituted barium hexaferrite for tunable terahertz optoelectronics
Authors: Alyabyeva Liudmila , Prokhorov Anatoly , Vinnik Denis , Anzin Vladimir , Ahmed Asmaa , Mikheykin Aleksey , Bednyakov Petr , Kadlec Christelle , Kadlec Filip , de Prado Esther , Prokleška Jan , Proschek Petr , Kamba Stanislav , Pronin Artem , Dressel Martin , Abalmasov Veniamin , Dremov Vyacheslav , Schmid Sebastian , Savinov Maxim , Lunkenheimer Peter , Gorshunov Boris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, due to their outstanding dielectric and magnetic properties, hexagonal ferrites (hexaferrites) have attracted considerable interest for developing electronic components of next-generation communication systems. The complex crystal structure of hexaferrites and critical dependences of their electric and magnetic properties on external factors, like magnetic or electric fields, pressure or doping, open ample opportunities for targeted tuning of these properties when designing specific devices. To that end, we explored the electromagnetic properties of the Pb-substituted barium hexaferrite, Ba1-xPbxFe12O19, a compound featuring an extremely rich set of physical phenomena that are inherent in the dielectric and magnetic subsystems of the material and are expected to have significant effect on its electromagnetic response at radio and terahertz frequencies. We performed the first detailed measurements of the AC response of single-crystalline Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 in an extremely broad spectral range from 1 Hz to 240 THz down to temperatures as low as 5 K. We fully characterized numerous microscopic phenomena that determine the broad-band dielectric response of the compound, and we analyzed their nature. This includes temperature-activated radiofrequency relaxations that were attributed to the dynamic response of magnetic/dielectric domains. The terahertz response is dominated by a ferroelectric-like soft mode with an unusual temperature behavior that we explain by means of a microscopic model. Several narrower terahertz excitations are associated with electronic transitions between the fine-structure components of the Fe2+ground state. Narrow resonances detected in the gigahertz region are presumably of magneto-electric origin. The obtained data on diverse but controllable electromagnetic properties of Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 compounds provides the researchers with information that makes the entire class of hexaferrites materials attractive for manufacturing electronic devices for the radiofrequency and terahertz ranges, such as absorbing coatings, anti-reflective coatings, absorbers, electromagnetic shields, antennas, phase shifters, filters, resonators, modulators, etc.