bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Important characteristics and features of steppes within the Trans-Asian mountain belt (Pamir-Anadyr)
Authors: Namzalov B-Ts B , Dubrovsky N G , Namzalov M B-Ts 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The steppes occupy an important place in the vegetation of Eurasia. The steppe biome of the continent, along with zonal types on the plains of Europe and Asia, is diverse and richly represented in the vegetation of the mountains of Asia. Among the latter, the most significant are the mountain systems of the Trans-Asian mountain belt (TAMB), stretched from the southwest to the northeast over a vast area from the greatest Pamir – Tien Shan mountain range to the Chukotka-Anadyr plateau in the zone of the Arctic tundra of Asia. The article provides a brief analysis of typological diversity, an overview and reflections on the steppes of boreal Eurasia, elongated in the mountainous zone of Asia in a wide geographical range both in latitudinal (37-670 N) and in longitudinal dimensions (72-1630 E). They differ significantly in the mountains of various climatic sectors; they are especially pronounced in the floristic composition and phytocenotic structure of extrazonal steppe phenomena and in longitudinal vicariates – from the mountains of Central Asia to the subarctic of North Asia.
Urban sprawl in the regional settlement system: a case study of Belgorod and Stary Oskol-Gubkin metropolitan areas
Authors: Narozhnyaya A G , Chugunova N V , Polyakova T A , Kukharuk N S , Morkovskaya D N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paper defines factors and methods of studying spatial sprawl of Belgorod and Stary Oskol-Gubkin metropolitan areas. A differentiation of population dynamics in Belgorod regional settlement system is made. Built-up areas are found to occupy larger territories and display a higher development density, while the population size in metropolitan areas does not change significantly. Growth promoting factors and growth specifics are revealed, territorial disparities of built-up metropolitan areas are analyzed; a retrospective assessment of the population density in the settlement system is provided. A study of the population distribution pattern shows that the population tends to be strongly oriented toward core areas. The territories under study were mapped with ArcGIS 10.5. tools.
Innovative territorial cluster as a promising factor of sustainable economic development of Russian steppe regions
Authors: Nosova S S , Gerasimenko T I , Makar S V , Medvedeva O E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to prove the need for development of innovative territorial clusters (ITC) in steppe regions. With a well-known determination of the factors of sustainable economic development of steppe regions of Russia, territorial planning and formation of environmental management structures were considered the most important. Today, the greatest relevance for steppe regions of Russia should be seen in development of the ITC as the most important condition for transition to a new technological order in the coming decades of the 21th century and a new management system based on improving scenario forecasting tools that allow identifying trends and incentives for sustainable economic development of steppe regions of Russia as a result of minimizing problems and strengthening their economic potential in the process of climate restructuring of the Earth. The results of the study include the following: definition of the ITC role as a tool for normalizing economic relations between research and educational organizations, business, development institutions and the state, as well as possibility of adapting the resulting cluster model of joint activity management to solving problems of sustainable economic development of steppe regions in the context of digital transformation of Russian economy. Innovative territorial approach should become the basis for Complex programs of ecological, economic and noospheric development of Russian regions. And there are all the prerequisites for this-rapid development of digital technologies, and along with it the growth and rapid promotion of digital innovations, without which there is no future, make this goal feasible and achievable. Therefore, it can be said that ITCs in steppe regions should serve as a source of digital innovations in Russian economy, creating new jobs for population, increasing viability of their territories and ensuring food security of the country as a whole.
The current climatic trends and meteorological conditions of the fire dangerous situation formation in the Ural-Caspian region
Authors: Pavleichik V M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Weather-climatic conditions are one of the leading factors forming fire dangerous satiations in the arid and semi-arid regions. Intra-continental position of the Ural-Caspian area promotes to reveal the diversity of climatic conditions and estimate the current trends in terms of the latitudinal-zonal change of landscapes and an increase of gradient of continentality. Results of analysis of the principal weather-climatic conditions – temperature, air precipitation, hydrothermal terms, wind regime, insolation) are summarized in the paper. Also, we identified spatio-temporal peculiarities of their long-time and current dynamics. The received results were analyzed in the aspect of the formation of fire dangerous situations in different landscapes of the examined region. Long-term archives on heat anomalies FIRMS served as principal data on grass fires. We have detected and confirmed that the most significant trends of the regional climate change are: a) growing air temperature occurring everywhere in frost-free seasons of a year; b) the cyclic dynamics of precipitation with the modern trend to aridization; c) annual distribution of rainfall; d) intensification of anomality of principal climatic parameters with the display of contrasting waves of heat and cold. All these tendencies directly (fire dangerous weather situations) or indirectly (productivity and a state of the vegetation cover) form the dynamics of grass fires. Nevertheless, the role of separate meteorological indicators and weather-climatic conditions, on the whole, are not often statistically significant in wildfires’ development. It is conditioned by the more substantial role of an anthropogenic factor that, in its turn, combines stochastic and purposeful agricultural sources of fires’ emergence.
About some features of steppe communities of the Amalat river basin (Northern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Pyzhikova E , Tsyrenova M , Selyutina I , Novolodskij I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Vitim upland, in the central part of which the Amalat River basin is located, is still one of the least studied floristically areas of Northern Transbaikalia. The flora of the steppe areas (uburs) in this territory still remains unexplored. The study of the flora by the method of specific floras and the identification of diagnostic groups of species in the analysis of geobotanical descriptions using the IBIS program made it possible to identify the features of the steppe communities of the Amalat River basin. It has been established that in the studied territory the uburs are small fragments of steppes (up to 5 hectares) on steep (15-35 °) slopes of southern exposures; the largest area is occupied by steppe communities on the left bank of the river. Quite peculiar steppe communities have been found on carbonates in the upper reaches of the Klyuch Berezovyi, Bagdarinka, Khoigot and other rivers. The flora of the studied steppes is represented by 47 families, 104 genera, and 177 species. An analysis of its arealogical structure showed that boreal species form the basis of the flora of the studied steppe communities, and the combination of species with the South Siberian, North Asian, and Manchurian-Daurian ranges determines its originality. The study of the belt-zonal structure showed a natural predominance of species of the steppe floristic complex (57%), the overwhelming majority of which are mountain-steppe and forest-steppe species; the proportion of steppe species proper is insignificant (9%). The ecological-biomorphological structure is characterized by the prevalence of perennials.
Relict cryogenic structures in the landscapes of Orenburg region, Russia
Authors: Ryabukha A G , Streletskaya I D , Polyakov D G , Kovda I V , Yakovlev I G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The evidence of Neo-Pleistocene and possibly Holocene paleopermafrost was found in Orenburg region, Russia. Large polygons are clearly visible in relief, which indicate the existence of continuous low-temperature frozen rocks in the past. We found and studied the structure of the ground wedges formed in sediments of different composition and genesis. Ground wedges in loess-soil formations indicate several stages of permafrost expansion at the end of the Neo-Pleistocene. Freezing of ground was accompanied by the formation of polygonal-wedge ice and initially-ground wedges. During the warming periods the permafrost melted and pedogenesis restarted together with active thermokarst processes and formation of pseudomorphs along the wedge ice.
An assessment of clonal rootstocks of an apple tree in conditions of the steppe zone in the Trans-Volga-Ural region
Authors: Savin E Z , Berezina T V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Small stature forms of clonal rootstock in combination with recognized and appreciable varieties promote to increase productivity in one and half-two times from a unit of the area. New clonal rootstocks are characterized by increased winter- and drought-resistance, enabling the growth of rootstocks’ adaptiveness to the Trans-Volga-Ural region’s extreme conditions. Conditions of the region are characterized by low temperatures in the winter to −40 – −42°C. A deficit of precipitation and high temperatures to + 40-+ 42°C is noticed in the summer. Our research aims to study the adaptive ability of groups of clonal rootstocks of an apple tree above 30 forms of selection in Central Russia, Povolozhie, and foreign countries. Laboratory-field methods “Program and methodology of selection of fruit…” (1999) were used to estimate the adaptiveness of rootstock forms, including drought-resistant kinds. Forms: 71-3-195, MM 106, Baba-arabskaya Adzhi, Ural 5, Ural 3, elite forms 6 – 9 H, 5-4-13 are characterized by high preservation (80-90%) among clonal rootstocks for the years of the study. Forms: Ural 5, 62-223, 54-118, Ural 2, elite forms 4-5, 4-19-3, 76-23-2, К-2, 71-7-22, Don 70-456 are characterized by drought-resistance. Rootstocks of semi dwarves: 64-134, Ural 6, Ural 2, elite forms 5-4-13, 4-19-3, 5-19-1, dwarfish forms are: 71-7-22, 58-238, 64-134, 62-14, К-2, Don 70-52, have received 4-5 points according to the plantation state. All kinds listed above showed high adaptive ability in extreme conditions of the Trans-Volga-Ural region and were initial material to establish intensive plantings.
Shrub steppe communities in the Samara Volga Region
Authors: Senator S A , Bondareva V V , Vasjukov V M , Mitroshenkova A E , Ilyina V N , Solovyova V V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Shrubs are an important component of steppe vegetation. Vegetation groups dominated by or including typical steppe shrubs form so-called “shrub steppes”. The ecological-phytocenotic and floristic characteristics of the communities of shrub steppes of the Samara Volga Region are given. The analysis includes data from 41 geobotanical relevés made in 2013 – 2018. Typical communities for the region under study are formations Amygdalus nana, Caragana frutex, Cerasus fruticosa, Chamaecytisus ruthenicus, Spiraea crenata, S. hypericifolia and S. litwinowii. The highest species diversity of vascular plants was registered in phytocenoses dominated by Caragana frutex and Cerasus fruticosa, growing on fairly rich soils with medium-steppe moisture and weak influence of grazing. In these phytocenoses, on average, up to 20 species are recorded on the registration site. The results of DCA-ordination of steppe shrub communities of the Samara Volga Region are presented. It was revealed that communities with the participation of typical steppe shrubs Amygdalus nana, Spiraea crenata, Cerasus fruticosa develop more moistened ecotopes with rather rich soils compared to the other studied phytocenoses. In the studied phytocenoses, 35 rare species included in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and Samara Oblast were found. Their greatest number was recorded in phytocenoses dominated by Caragana frutex, Cerasus fruticosa and Amygdalus nana. Further study of shrub steppes in the region will reveal their syntaxonomic status and will form a comprehensive view of these communities for their effective conservation.
The state of Scots pine plantations in the steppe Voronezh region in drought conditions and under anthropogenic influence
Authors: Serdyukova A P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Monitoring the state of forest tree plantations is an urgent task in today’s changing climate conditions. Climate change presents acute challenges for steppe biome: there is a prolonged increase in average daily temperatures, accompanied by a deficit of precipitation, mainly in the spring-summer period, and droughts become more frequent. Also, in addition to climatic factors, the consequences of human economic activity have a negative impact on forest communities. The aim of the study is to assess the indicators of the vital state of Scots pine in the steppe Voronezh region under drought conditions and under anthropogenic influence. To study the state of forest woody plants, we selected two Scots pine plantations growing in contrasting ecological conditions of the steppe zone of the Central Black Earth region. The main indicators of the vital state were assessed: dechromation of needles, defoliation of the crown, the number of new cones, and the total score of the vital state of each plant and the studied plantation as a whole was calculated using the totality of these characteristics. It is found that a plantation under anthropogenic load is subjected to greater stress and has worse performance compared to a plantation from the same climatic zone, but growing on a relatively ecologically clean territory.
Genesis of the floras in the arid Intermountain basins of the North Caucasus
Authors: Shilnikov D S , Shchukina K V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore history of flora formation in arid basins of the North Caucasus, and to identify the correlation between this flora and those of arid regions of neighboring areas. We applied generally accepted methods of flora study and analysis. The arid intermountain basins of the North Caucasus are an original and poorly studied formation. Surrounded by forest and alpine vegetation, they have preserved in their composition a xerothermic flora that differs from the flora of the steppe of the Ciscaucasus and takes in the features of the flora of the Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. The first large array of arid vegetation is located in the upper reaches of the Kuban River in the Jurassic depression, which runs between the Main Caucasian and Side ridges. Further to the East, arid basins are founding in the basins of all major tributaries of the Terek River. After the Argun and Sharoargun rivers in the Republic of Dagestan, the xerothermic vegetation of the arid basins are replaced by a belt of upland xerophytes of mountain dry and desert steppes, which stretches to the south and connects with the arid regions of the Eastern Transcaucasia. Our studies show a genetic relationship between the flora of the arid basins of the North Caucasus and the areas of xerothermic vegetation on the one hand in Azerbaijan and Iran, on the other-in the Mediterranean, from where its formation began in the territory under consideration. The xerothermic period of the late Miocene is the driest in the history of the Caucasian flora and contributed to the deep penetration of the Southwestasian arid flora into the territory of the North Caucasus after the connection of the Caucasian Isthmus with the southern mainland.
Relicts of the forest cenoflora in the eastern Russian Caucasus
Authors: Taysumov M A , Umarov M U , Baybatyrova E R , Astamirova M A-M , Abdurzakova A S , Magomadova R S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of relics of the forest cenoflora occurred in the eastern part of the North Caucasus. Using the methods of morphological-ecological-geographical, florogenetic analysis and synthesis, etc., we analyzed the results of field observations and herbarium funds available in the region, and also scientific publications. The species composition of relics was revealed, their territorial distribution in forest communities, their origin, and florogenetic relationships were determined. The purpose of the analysis is to establish the geographical origin of relict species. In the studied flora, two types of relics were identified-tertiary and glacial, their importance for solving florogenetic issues is noted. The presence of relics of different geographic origin in forest cenoflora is explained by the consequences of migration processes that have taken place since the middle of the Tertiary period, which led to the movement of floristic complexes from the northern territories, from Transcaucasia and the adjacent parts of Asia Minor and Western Asia. Many relict species (Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh.ex Schrank & Mart., Lycopodium annotinum L, Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring, Equisetum hyemale L., Polypodium vulgare L., Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman, Polystichym braunii (Spenn.) Fee, Taxus baccata L., Actaea spicata L) have rather extensive ranges in the Caucasus, and in general, their relictness is determined by the insular position of forests in this area.
Dynamic Trends of 100-year Anthropogenic Vegetation Cover under the Influence of the White Sea – Baltic Canal
Authors: Vampilova L B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The process of economic use of the White Sea region landscapes has historically impacted the vegetation cover trends. The reason lies in the intensity of development adjusted for time factor. We have provided a variety of events related with nature resource management of the Karelian Pomorye landscapes involved in iron production, salt making, sawmills construction, shipbuilding, building of railway and the White Sea – Baltic Canal (WBC), marshland reclamation, housing development and wood logging. These are the types of forest resources which did impact tree layer depletion. We have pre-conditioned to use a geobotanical map of the Shueretsko-Sorokskaya Forest Dacha, Kem Uyezd, the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was compiled under the direction of K. F. Malyarevsky in 1925. An idea leaped into our mind to trace long-term influence made by the anthropogenic factor on differentiation, dynamics and stability processes experienced by swamp and forest geosystems. The research problem is the study of the duration and limitation of development, chronological researching role in landscape transformations. The original features of the study conducted to develop historical and geoecological line of geography.
Vegetation dynamics of Kulikovo Field agrosteppes: the contribution of environmental factors
Authors: Volkova E M , Lebedeva M V , Yamalov S M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
On the territory of the Kulikovo Field Museum-Reserve (Tula region) the restoration of meadow-steppe communities is carried out by different methods: the sowing grass mixtures, seed material and using a combined approach. The aim of the work is to assess of structure phytodiversity of plant communities on the gradient of reconstruction succession. The using DCA-ordination analysis of geobotanical descriptions is allowed us to select 4 groups of communities that differ by age of sowing. In phytosociological spectrum of youngest communities the activity of species of the classes of natural and synanthropic vegetation is approximately the same. With an increase in the age of experiments the activity of apophyte species from natural vegetation classes increases and the activity of synanthropic species decreases. The revealed trend is confirmed by the analysis of the activity of species of different life forms: with an increase in the age of communities, there is a decrease in the activity of monocarpic one- and two-year-old weed species, which have high activity at the initial stages of succession. In the middle stages of succession, dense-sod species are more active in communities, and in the latter stages, the activity of loose-sode and rod-root species increases. During the succession of agrosteps, there is an increase in the activity of meadow-steppe and steppe species from the classes Festuco-Brometea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Trifolio-Geranietea and a decrease in the activity of synanthropic vegetation species (Papaveretea rhoeadis, Sisymbrietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea angustifolii). The results obtained indicate a succession in the direction of formation of steppe meadows.
Research on Influencing Factors between Post-relocation Support Policy And Sustainable Livelihood Results
Authors: GuangBo Lin , DingBo Zhou , ShanYu Chen , WenGui Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The hydropower project immigrants in the Youjiang Revolutionary Zone have certain particularities. It is located in the southwestern border of China. The region’s economic development is underdeveloped. The implementation of the later support policy content is very important. In the context of the development of the new era, Study the impact of the implementation of the current support policies on the livelihood results of the migrants, which is related to the sustainable development of the migrants. This paper is based on the survey data of 412 relocated residents from three large and medium-sized hydropower stations at the Tianshengqiao First-Class Station, Longtan Hydropower Station, and Baise Water Conservancy Project. The research results are as follows: 1. The content of the later support policy has a positive and significant impact on the results of the sustainable livelihoods of the migrants.; 2. The effect of the later support policy plays an intermediary role between the content of the later support policy and the results of the sustainable livelihoods of the migrants.; 3. The content of post-support policies for economic and project types has a positive impact on the effects of post-support policies, but has no significant impact on the results of sustainable livelihoods. 4. The content of the later support policies for openness, democracy and management has no significant impact on the policy effect, but has a positive and significant impact on the results of the sustainable livelihoods of the immigrants.
Land Usage and Sustainable Livelihood: Case Comparative Study of Tourism Ethnic Villages in China
Authors: Shang Qianlang , Ming Qingzhong , Li Mengxue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The land issue is the key to the Rural Revitalization Strategy of China. Tourism development will change land usage and promote livelihood changes. This study aims to analyze the impact of land usage on sustainable livelihood in the tourism environment. Through the case study of two ethnic tourism villages, this paper shows the benefit distribution and sustainable livelihood of two different land usage patterns and finds the intrinsic relationship between land usage and sustainable livelihood. The results show that tourism land use will lead to livelihood changes, and different land usage patterns produce different livelihood sustainable outcomes. The critical point for sustainable livelihood is that the land usage patterns should allow residents to participate in tourism and have a sustainable income. In addition, land usage will also change the traditional cultural space of ethnic villages. Finally, the paper puts forward practical suggestions on tourism land usage.