bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of acute alcohol use and dynamic suicide risk with variation in onward care after psychiatric crisis
Authors: Robins John E. , Kalk Nicola J. , Ross Kezia R. , Pritchard Megan , Curtis Vivienne , Morley Katherine I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the association of alcohol use with recurrent suicidal acts, individuals attempting suicide after drinking alcohol face barriers accessing crisis care following emergency assessment, demonstrated by higher odds of inpatient admission for those whose suicide attempt did not feature alcohol. This disparity may be due to suicidality dissipating more rapidly after a suicide attempt involving alcohol. We investigated the effect of acute alcohol use and ongoing suicidality on onward care decisions after emergency assessment.MethodsWe analysed electronic health records of 650 suicidal adults detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983, amended 2007) for up to 36 h at a London psychiatric emergency care centre. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of acute alcohol use and ongoing suicidality (including their interaction) with admission to psychiatric hospital.ResultsFifteen percent of previously intoxicated detainees expressed suicidal intent at detention end, compared to 24% of detainees who had not used alcohol prior to detention. Compared to those who were not previously intoxicated and not suicidal at detention end, acute alcohol use was associated with reduced odds of admission amongst those no longer suicidal (AOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2, 0.6). Where suicidality persisted, odds of admission rose; however, the magnitude of increase when in combination with prior alcohol use (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.9, 7.1) was under half that of when alcohol was not involved (AOR 8.2, 95% CI 3.5, 19.1).Discussion and ConclusionsAcute alcohol use is associated with transient suicidality, but this only partially accounts for disparities in care following suicide attempts.
Post‐operative follow‐up of 150 patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy under tumescence local anesthesia
Authors: Eckardt Julia , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Kofler Katrin , Mroz Gabi , Scheu Alexander , Schulz Claudia , Kofler Lukas 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is useful for staging of patients with melanoma. Although SLNB is mostly performed under general anesthesia (GA), tumescence local anesthesia (TLA) can also be used. However, less data are available regarding feasibility of SLNB under TLA. Here we present a post‐operative follow‐up of 150 patients.Patients and MethodsWe prospectively analyzed data from 150 patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. We assessed pain, post‐operative complications and patients’ satisfaction after SLNB under TLA.Results32 % of the patients reported post‐operative pain within the first 48 h after SLNB. Seroma was the most frequent complication, as 29 seromas after SLNB were observed. Wound infection was observed in 3.3 % of the patients. 98.7 % of the patients were satisfied with SLNB under TLA.ConclusionsSLNB under TLA is a safe and feasible option and should be considered for patients with melanoma. Especially with multimorbid or elderly patients, the risks of GA can be avoided.
Reflections on the future role of the state in Somalia from the perspective of aid effectiveness
Authors: Raballand Gaël , Fiebelkorn Andreas , Heidenhof Guenter , Schmidt Kirk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivationIn fragile states, due to limited domestic revenue collection, the private sector is usually the main provider of services; the state being a provider through extensive aid financing. Therefore, the current situation in Somalia raises questions about what the priorities for donors’ interventions should be.PurposeA key challenge in fragile states is to find the right balance between short‐term imperatives, such as the restoration of services and state authority, and long‐term state‐building objectives in a context of limited revenue generation and with unstable political settlements. What should the path of gradual state reforms in Somalia be?Approach and MethodsBased on lessons of implementing reforms in fragile states in the last decades and from a literature review on fragile states and insights arising from years of reforms in Somalia, this article offers some reflections about the most relevant public sector reforms in the country.FindingsIn relation to the most relevant reforms, defining a new role of the state and intergovernmental fiscal relations are critical to tackle the relatively limited affordability of public interventions.Policy implicationsThe questions of limited resources in Somalia, a fragile state, and a resulting dependence on aid financing, are critical for aid effectiveness and are also relevant for other fragile states.
Blacklegged tick population synchrony between oak forest and non‐oak forest
Authors: Borgmann‐Winter Benjamin W. , Oggenfuss Kelly M. , Ostfeld Richard S. 
Published: February 2021

1. Fluctuations in abundance of blacklegged ticks in space and time are well‐documented, but the extent to which populations fluctuate synchronously across habitat types is poorly understood. In oak forests, blacklegged tick density depends on small mammal abundance, which is in turn driven by fluctuations in acorn production. It is currently unknown whether fluctuations in tick abundance in oak forest, long understood to depend largely on masting events, are shared with nearby non‐oak forest.2. In this study, we analysed 22 years of tick population data from nine forest plots in south‐eastern New York in order to compare fluctuations of nymphal and larval blacklegged tick populations in oak‐dominant forests and non‐oak forests.3. We found that population peak densities of nymphal ticks were strongly synchronous in oak and non‐oak forests among years and that larval population dynamics were weakly synchronous between these two forest types.4. Our results suggest that drivers of immature tick density in oak‐dominant forest, including climatic factors and mast‐driven host dynamics, may also influence tick population fluctuations in the surrounding landscape.
Ecophylogenetics redux
Authors: Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpecies’ evolutionary histories shape their present‐day ecologies, but the integration of phylogenetic approaches in ecology has had a contentious history. The field of ecophylogenetics promised to reveal the process of community assembly from simple indices of phylogenetic pairwise distances – communities shaped by environmental filtering were composed of closely related species, whereas communities shaped by competition were composed of less closely related species. However, the mapping of ecology onto phylogeny proved to be not so straightforward, and the field remains mired in controversy. Nonetheless, ecophylogenetic methods provided important advances across ecology. For example the phylogenetic distances between species is a strong predictor of pest and pathogen sharing, and can thus inform models of species invasion, coexistence and the disease dilution/amplification effect of biodiversity. The phylogenetic structure of communities may also provide information on niche space occupancy, helping interpret patterns of facilitation, succession and ecosystem functioning – with relevance for conservation and restoration – and the dynamics among species within foodwebs and metacommunities. I suggest leveraging advances in our understanding of the process of evolution on phylogenetic trees would allow the field to progress further, while maintaining the essence of the original vision that proved so seductive.
Sentiment‐scaled CAPM and market mispricing
Authors: Doukas John A. , Han Xiao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study explores the conditional version of the capital asset pricing model on sentiment to provide a behavioural intuition behind the value premium and market mispricing. We find betas (β) and the market risk premium to vary over time across different sentiment indices and portfolios. More importantly, the state β derived from this sentiment‐scaled model provides a behavioural explanation of the value premium and a set of anomalies driven by mispricing. Different from the static β–return relation that gives a flat security market line, we document upward security market lines when plotting portfolio returns against their state βs and portfolios with higher state βs earn higher returns.
A novel unified characterization parameter of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints based on critical CTOA
Authors: Zhen Ying , Chang Qun , Cao Yuguang , Niu Ruiyan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is much controversy in using laboratory specimens to predict the fracture behavior of large industrial constructions because of their different constraints. Although several parameters have been proposed to characterize the constraint effect, there are still some limitations. To address this issue, a novel unified characterization parameter of constraint based on the critical crack tip opening angle (CTOAC) is defined. Firstly, the calibrated finite element technologies for simulation of static and dynamic crack are used to determine the equivalent plastic strain (εp) distribution around the crack tip and the evolution history of CTOA for specimens with different in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints, respectively. Secondly, the feasibility of the equivalent plastic strain at the crack tip when CTOA reaches its critical value to unified measure both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints is investigated. The results indicate that the areaAPEEQsurrounded by the isoline of equivalent plastic strainεpcan describe both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints and the interaction between them. Finally, a novel constraint characterization parameterηis defined. It is found that there is a linear relationship, which depends only on the material and regardless of the selection of theεpisoline, between the normalized fracture toughness CTOAC/CTOArefandη1/2. The work in this paper is expected to realize the matching of constraints between different laboratory specimens or industrial constructions.
Novel approach for intermaxillary fixation of fractured mandible using gunning splints for easy disengagement: A case report
Authors: Mohanani Karishma , Bhat Srinidhi , Maiya Ramakrishna , Kamath Giridhar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntermaxillary fixation of gunning splints with an archwire necessitates precision in removal, which can prove hazardous during a life‐threatening emergency. This case report describes the treatment of parasymphseal fracture of a patient hailing from remote location with inaccessibility to health care system. Intermaxillary fixation was performed with gunning splints using heavy orthodontic elastics, facilitating ease of removal in case of an emergency.
Edentulism‐free life expectancy among older Brazilian adults: SABE study, 2006‐2016
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo José Pereira , Alves Luciana Correia , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Bof de Andrade Fabíola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo assess edentulism‐free life expectancy (EFLE) and the related inequalities by sex and schooling among older Brazilian adults from 2006 to 2016.BackgroundTooth loss is related to shortened longevity and unhealthy life expectancy in old age.Materials and MethodsThe outcome of the study was EFLE, assessed by age, sex and schooling. EFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method, considering the years and proportion of remaining life and the prevalence of edentulism—assessed in the Health, Well‐being, and Aging cohort study, as well as the official mortality data for adults aged 60 years or older living in São Paulo, Brazil.ResultsEFLE increased from 10.9 (95% CI: 10.4‐11.5) to 13.8 (95% CI: 13.2‐14.5) years, considering data from 2006 to 2016, among 60‐year‐old individuals. In relative terms, these individuals expected to live 50.7% (95% CI: 48.1‐53.2) of their remaining life free of edentulism in 2006, while this expectation was 62.8% (95% CI: 60.0‐65.6) in 2016. Within both years, women and the less educated had lower EFLE than men and the higher educated.ConclusionEFLE increased from 2006 to 2016. However, inequalities concerning sex and education remained significant, thereby highlighting the need to continuously address inequalities in tooth loss throughout life to contribute to a healthy ageing.
Perceived oral health and oral health behaviours among home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care
Authors: Salmi Riikka , Närhi Timo , Suominen Auli , Suominen Anna Liisa , Lahti Satu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to compare the perceived oral health and oral health behaviours of home‐dwelling older people with and without domiciliary care.BackgroundOral health is poor in long‐term care, but less is known about perceived oral health of home‐dwelling older people receiving domiciliary care.Materials and methodsData from the Health 2000 and Health 2011 surveys (BRIF8901) were used. Interview participants were at least 70 years old and living at home with or without domiciliary care (n = 1298 in 2000 and n = 1027 in 2011). Differences in perceived oral health (subjective oral health, pain, eating difficulties) and oral health behaviours (hygiene, use of services) were compared based on the use of domiciliary care and stratified by gender. Differences between groups were compared with the chi‐square test.ResultsIn 2011, compared to non‐clients, domiciliary care clients more often had poor subjective oral health (40.3% vs. 28.9%, P = .045). In both surveys, they also used oral health services less recently (2000, 76.4% vs. 60.9%; and 2011, 61.1% vs. 46.6%) and more often had difficulties chewing hard food (2000, 50.6% vs. 34%, P < .001; and 2011, 38.4% vs. 20.7%, P < .001) than non‐clients. In 2000, clients had more difficulty eating dry food without drinking (39.5% vs. 21.6%, P < .001) and cleaning their teeth and mouth (14.3% vs. 1.1%, P < .001) than non‐clients. Women clients in 2011 brushed their teeth less often than non‐clients (43.5% vs. 23.7%, respectively, P = .001).ConclusionDomiciliary care clients have poorer perceived oral health, and greater difficulties with eating and oral hygiene maintenance than non‐clients.
Microstructure, phase and dielectric strength of thermally sprayed alumina layers in coating‐based heating systems
Authors: Mohammadian Bajgiran Morvarid , Rezvani Rad Milad , McDonald Andre , Moreau Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn coating‐based resistive heating systems applied on an electrically conductive substrate, an intermediary dielectric layer is required to minimize or eliminate leakage of current from the heating surface to the substrate. Aluminum oxide has widely been used for electrical insulation purposes. In this study, alumina was deposited onto carbon steel substrates by using suspension plasma spraying and flame spraying processes. Then, Ni‐20Cr, as the heating element, was deposited on the alumina layer by using air plasma spraying. The resultant microstructure and phase composition of the alumina layers were evaluated by using scanning electron microscope images, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The breakdown voltage of alumina layers was measured independently and within the heating system. It was found that the dielectric properties of alumina layers were significantly affected by its microstructural features. It was observed that penetration of metal topcoat into the alumina layer decreased the overall breakdown voltage of the system.
Determinants, mechanisms, and functional outcomes of myeloid cell diversity in cancer
Authors: Caronni Nicoletta , Montaldo Elisa , Mezzanzanica Luca , Cilenti Francesco , Genua Marco , Ostuni Renato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost, if not all, aspects of carcinogenesis are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex architecture of cells, matrix components, soluble signals, and their dynamic interactions in the context of physical traits of the tissue. Expanding application of technologies for high‐dimensional analyses with single‐cell resolution has begun to decipher the contributions of the immune system to cancer progression and its implications for therapy. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted roles of tumor‐associated macrophages and neutrophils, focusing on factors that subvert tissue immune homeostasis and offer therapeutic opportunities for TME reprogramming. By performing a critical analysis of available datasets, we elaborate on diversification mechanisms and unifying principles of myeloid cell heterogeneity in human tumors.
What place does nurse‐led research have in the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Castro‐Sánchez E. , Russell A.M. , Dolman L. , Wells M. 
Published: February 2021

AimReflect upon the visibility of nursing‐led research during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has galvanized collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts in clinical and research practice worldwide. The scarce evidence‐base to manage patients with COVID‐19 has included limited nurse‐led research.IntroductionClinical research nurses have greatly contributed to the delivery of COVID‐19 research, yet the number of COVID‐19 nursing‐led research papers appears to be limited, with even fewer nurse‐led research projects funded.MethodsAuthors’ views and PubMed search on ‘COVID‐19 and nursing’.FindingsThere is a dearth of nursing‐led research. Most papers describe the nursing contribution to COVID‐19 care, changes in nursing working arrangements and emotional burden. There are opportunities to explore the consequences to vulnerable population groups of public health measures implemented to stop the progress of the COVID‐19 pandemic.DiscussionWorkforce gaps, limited integration in research structures and clinical redeployment may have hampered nurse‐led research. COVID‐19 may exacerbate staffing deficits by disrupting the education pipeline, obstructing the transition from clinical to academic practice, particularly in areas where clinical academic roles are yet to emerge.ConclusionThe absence of nurse‐led research in COVID‐19 can be explained by chronic, underlying factors and the features of the pandemic response. Emerging models of care, effective staffing and inequalities related to COVID‐19 appear obvious research areas. Nursing leadership needs to strengthen its political voice and lobbying skills to secure nurse‐led research funding.Implications for Nursing PolicyEmbracing international nursing research, strengthening collaborations and lobbying policymakers for investment in nurse‐sensitive research would enhance the response to COVID‐19.
Detection of bacterial fluorescence from in vivo wound biofilms using a point‐of‐care fluorescence imaging device
Authors: Lopez Andrea J. , Jones Laura M. , Reynolds Landrye , Diaz Rachel C. , George Isaiah K. , Little William , Fleming Derek , D'souza Anna , Rennie Monique Y. , Rumbaugh Kendra P. , Smith Allie Clinton 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWound biofilms must be identified to target disruption and bacterial eradication but are challenging to detect with standard clinical assessment. This study tested whether bacterial fluorescence imaging could detect porphyrin‐producing bacteria within a biofilm using well‐established in vivo models. Mouse wounds were inoculated on Day 0 with planktonic bacteria (n = 39, porphyrin‐producing and non‐porphyrin‐producing species, 107 colony forming units (CFU)/wound) or with polymicrobial biofilms (n = 16, 3 biofilms per mouse, each with 1:1:1 parts Staphylococcus aureus/Escherichia coli/Enterobacter cloacae, 107 CFU/biofilm) that were grown in vitro. Mouse wounds inoculated with biofilm underwent fluorescence imaging up to Day 4 or 5. Wounds were then excised and sent for microbiological analysis. Bacteria‐matrix interaction was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathology. A total of 48 hours after inoculation with planktonic bacteria or biofilm, red fluorescence was readily detected in wounds; red fluorescence intensified up to Day 4. Red fluorescence from biofilms persisted in excised wound tissue post‐wash. SEM and histopathology confirmed bacteria‐matrix interaction. This pre‐clinical study is the first to demonstrate the fluorescence detection of bacterial biofilm in vivo using a point‐of‐care wound imaging device. These findings have implications for clinicians targeting biofilm and may facilitate improved visualisation and removal of biofilms.
Anxiety characteristics in individuals with Williams syndrome
Authors: Royston Rachel , Oliver Chris , Howlin Patricia , Waite Jane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilliams syndrome anxiety research predominantly focuses on disorder prevalence and symptomatology, categorised using standardised mental health classifications. However, the use of these assessments may not fully capture the phenotypic features of anxiety in Williams syndrome. In this study, we examined characteristics of anxiety using a formulation framework.MethodA semi‐structured interview was conducted with thirteen parents of individuals with Williams syndrome (median age: 19, age range: 12–45, 8 females).ResultsVarious anxiety triggers were reported, including anxiety triggered by phobias, uncertainty and negative emotions in others. The range of described behaviours was diverse with both avoidant and active coping strategies for anxiety management reported.ConclusionsMany of the characteristics described were consistent with findings in the intellectual disability and typically developing literature, although novel information was identified. The study demonstrates the utility of a formulation framework to explore anxiety characteristics in atypical populations and has outlined new avenues for research.
Characterization of Pre‐mRNA Splicing and Spliceosomal Machinery in Porphyridiumpurpureum and Evolutionary Implications for Red Algae
Authors: Wong Donald K. , Stark Martha S. , Rader Stephen D. , Fast Naomi M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPre‐mRNA splicing is a highly conserved eukaryotic process, but our understanding of it is limited by a historical focus on well‐studied organisms such as humans and yeast. There is considerable diversity in mechanisms and components of pre‐mRNA splicing, especially in lineages that have evolved under the pressures of genome reduction. The ancestor of red algae is thought to have undergone genome reduction prior to the lineage's radiation, resulting in overall gene and intron loss in extant groups. Previous studies on the extremophilic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an intron‐sparse genome with a highly reduced spliceosome. To determine whether these features applied to other red algae, we investigated multiple aspects of pre‐mRNA splicing in the mesophilic red alga Porphyridium purpureum. Through strand‐specific RNA‐Seq, we observed high levels of intron retention across a large number of its introns, and nearly half of the transcripts for these genes are not spliced at all. We also discovered a relationship between variability of 5′ splice site sequences and levels of splicing. To further investigate the connections between intron retention and splicing machinery, we bioinformatically assembled the P. purpureum spliceosome, and biochemically verified the presence of snRNAs. While most other core spliceosomal components are present, our results suggest highly divergent or missing U1 snRNP proteins, despite the presence of an uncharacteristically long U1 snRNA. These unusual aspects highlight the diverse nature of pre‐mRNA splicing that can be seen in lesser‐studied eukaryotes, raising the importance of investigating fundamental eukaryotic processes outside of model organisms.