bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AtPGAP1 functions as a GPI inositol-deacylase required for efficient transport of GPI-anchored proteins
Authors: Bernat-Silvestre César , Sánchez-Simarro Judit , Ma Yingxuan , Montero-Pau Javier , Johnson Kim , Aniento Fernando , Marcote María Jesús 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play an important role in a variety of plant biological processes including growth, stress response, morphogenesis, signaling, and cell wall biosynthesis. The GPI anchor contains a lipid-linked glycan backbone that is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it is subsequently transferred to the C-terminus of proteins containing a GPI signal peptide by a GPI transamidase. Once the GPI anchor is attached to the protein, the glycan and lipid moieties are remodeled. In mammals and yeast, this remodeling is required for GPI-APs to be included in Coat Protein II-coated vesicles for their ER export and subsequent transport to the cell surface. The first reaction of lipid remodeling is the removal of the acyl chain from the inositol group by Bst1p (yeast) and Post-GPI Attachment to Proteins Inositol Deacylase 1 (PGAP1, mammals). In this work, we have used a loss-of-function approach to study the role of PGAP1/Bst1 like genes in plants. We have found that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PGAP1 localizes to the ER and likely functions as the GPI inositol-deacylase that cleaves the acyl chain from the inositol ring of the GPI anchor. In addition, we show that PGAP1 function is required for efficient ER export and transport to the cell surface of GPI-APs.
‘It’s just a great muddle when it comes to food’: a qualitative exploration of patient decision-making around diet and gout
Authors: Liddle Jennifer , Richardson Jane C , Hider Samantha L , Mallen Christian D , Watson Lorraine , Chandratre Priyanka , Roddy Edward 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to understand whether, why and how patients choose to modify their diets after developing gout.

Methods
We conducted an inductive thematic secondary analysis of qualitative data from 43 interviews and four focus groups with UK participants with gout (n = 61).

Results
Participants commonly initiated dietary changes as part of a self-management strategy for gout. Reasons for making such dietary changes included: desperation; a desire for control; and belief that it would be possible to achieve successful management through diet alone; but not weight loss. Participants who did not make changes or who reverted to previous dietary patterns did so because: they believed urate-lowering therapy was successfully managing their gout; medication allowed normal eating; they did not find ‘proof’ that diet would be an effective treatment; or the dietary advice they found was unrealistic, unmanageable or irrelevant. Dietary modification was patient led, but patients would have preferred the support of a health-care professional. Beliefs that diet could potentially explain and modify the timing of flares gave patients a sense of control over the condition. However, the belief that gout could be controlled through dietary modification appeared to be a barrier to acceptance of management with urate-lowering therapy.

Conclusions
Perceptions about gout and diet play a large role in the way patients make decisions about how to manage gout in their everyday lives. Addressing the reasons why patients explore dietary solutions, promoting the value of urate-lowering therapy and weight loss and drawing on strong evidence to communicate clearly will be crucial in improving long-term clinical management and patient experience.
The idea of a transparent world full of equality and common property—a way to disaster
Authors: Prince Michael of Liechtenstein H S H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The idea of an overly idealized “sharing economy”, in which private property becomes a common good, is gaining power. The proponents seem to forget, that private property and clearly defined property rights are essential factors for the prospering development of society. This article illustrates how the world has got so far and why the idea of a transparent world full of equality and common property is a misleading effort.
Traumatic Arthrotomies: Do They All Need the Operating Room?
Authors: McKnight Richard. Randall , Ruffolo Michael , Wally Meghan K. , Seymour Rachel B. , Jeray Kyle , E. Matuszewski Paul , Weinlein John , Hsu Joseph R. ,   on behalf of the Southeast Fracture Consortium
Published: August 2021

Objectives:
To compare complications and cost of care in patients with traumatic arthrotomies (TAs) treated with surgical debridement, irrigation, and closure to those treated with nonoperative treatment and local wound care.

Design:
This is a prospective observational multicenter study.

Setting:
This study was conducted at multiple Level I trauma centers.

Patients:
Patients with TAs.

Intervention:
Patients were treated with operative versus nonoperative management decided by the attending surgeon. Nonoperative treatment of TAs included bedside irrigation, primary closure, antibiotics, and discharge from the emergency department with close follow-up unless admission was otherwise indicated.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Primary outcomes included adverse outcomes and cost. VR-12 was captured at the time of injury and 3 months postinjury.

Results:
Of 189 major joint TAs, 64 arthrotomies were treated nonoperatively and 125 operatively. Seventy percent of the arthrotomies in the nonoperative group were small (less than 50 mm in size) and 95% had minimal/no gross contamination, whereas the operative group (OG) had significantly more arthrotomies greater than 50 mm in size and with moderate/severe gross contamination. There was one septic joint in the nonoperative group (1.5%) and 7 in the OG (5.6%). Nonoperative treatment was associated with significantly lower total charges when compared with the OG.

Conclusions:
Although further study may still be needed, this study suggests that small, minimally contaminated TAs with no associated fracture have a low risk of adverse complications, can safely be treated nonoperatively, and are associated with a significantly decreased cost of care.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Marijuana Use Results in Increased Time to Union in Surgically Treated Pediatric Fracture Patients
Authors: Heath David , Ghali Abdullah , Momtaz David , Lee Lynda , Hogue Grant 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To identify the impact of marijuana use on fracture healing in surgically treated pediatric patients.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center, single-center study.

Patients/Participants:
Surgically treated pediatric patients 10–18 years with extremity fractures from 2010 to 2020. Conservatively treated patients and patients with nonunions were excluded from the study. Three hundred thirty-nine patients were included in the study, 21 of which were confirmed marijuana users by toxicology screening.

Intervention:
Surgical treatment of extremity fractures by any type of fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Time to union was the primary outcome and was defined as radiographic evidence of bridging callus on all sides of the fracture and absence of the previous fracture line. Analysis of covariance, logistic regression analysis, and Fisher exact tests were used to establish the relationship between all collected variables and time to radiographic union.

Results:
The average time to union for marijuana users (159.1 ± 69.5 days, 95% confidence interval) was significantly longer than for nonusers (80.3 ± 7.8 days), P < 0.001. The odds of having a time to union of greater than 4 months and greater than 6 months were 4.17 (P = 0.00192) and 6.19 (P = 0.000159), respectively, for marijuana users compared with nonusers.

Conclusion:
Marijuana users demonstrated longer time to union in surgically treated pediatric fracture patients.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Combined Simultaneous Bilateral Anterior Distal Femoral Plate Hemiepiphysiodesis and Hamstrings Release in Management of Knee Flexion Contractures in Children With Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Zaghloul Ahmed , Manoukian Dimitrios , Barrett Matthew C. , Geronta Ilektra , Maizen Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Background:
We examined the clinical and functional outcomes of the simultaneous anterior distal femoral 8-plate hemiepiphysiodesis (ADF8PH) and hamstring release, for fixed knee flexion deformity in children with neuromuscular disease. To our knowledge, no published evidence is available that reports the outcomes of this combined techniques.

Methods:
Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 19 consecutive children who underwent bilateral ADF8PH and concomitant hamstrings release in our institution from 2012 to 2019. Relevant demographics, Gross Motor Functional Classification Score and preoperative and postoperative knee flexion contractures and popliteal angles were documented.

Results:
The average age at the time of operation was 12±2.1 years. There were 15 males and 4 females. Diagnoses included cerebral palsy (n=16), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n=1), hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56 (n=1) and fructose-1,6 bisphosphonate aldose B deficiency (n=1). Mean length of follow-up was 3.8 years (range: 1.5 to 7 y). Mean fixed knee flexion deformity improved from 28.9 to 13.4 degrees (P<0.001) at an average correction rate of 0.94 degrees per month. Mean popliteal angle improved from 81.8 to 44.4 degrees (P<0.001) in the early postoperative phase and to 51.8 degrees (P<0.001) in latest clinic review. Mean time to correction was 18.9 months. The agreed treatment goals of maintaining or promoting the use of standing frame and spinal/postural symmetry was attained in 18 patients (94.7%). Postoperative knee pain was reported in 2 cases (10.5%). We report 2 complications; 1 case of neurapraxia and 1 case of sepsis because of respiratory infection.

Conclusion:
Simultaneous bilateral ADF8PH with hamstrings release is a promising effective technique for correction of knee flexion contractures in skeletally immature individuals with neuromuscular disabilities. Our findings demonstrate improvement in clinical outcomes and maintaining functional outcomes, indicating the validity of this approach as a satisfactory, less invasive alternative in the management of this deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic study.
Molar Sodium Lactate Attenuates the Severity of Postcardiac Arrest Syndrome: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Stevic Neven , Argaud Laurent , Loufouat Joseph , Kreitmann Louis , Desmurs Laurent , Ovize Michel , Bidaux Gabriel , Cour Martin 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether continuous IV infusion of molar sodium lactate would limit cardiac arrest–induced neurologic injury and cardiovascular failure.

DESIGN:
Randomized blinded study (animal model).

SETTING:
University animal research facility.

SUBJECTS:
Twenty-four adult male “New Zealand White” rabbits.

INTERVENTIONS:
Anesthetized rabbits underwent 12.5 minutes of asphyxial cardiac arrest and were randomized to receive either normal saline (control group, n = 12) or molar sodium lactate (molar sodium lactate group, n = 12) at a rate of 5 mL/kg/hr during the whole 120-minute reperfusion period.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Pupillary reactivity (primary outcome), levels of S100β protein, in vitro brain mitochondria functions, cardiovascular function, and fluid balance were assessed. Molar sodium lactate reduced brain injury, with a higher proportion of animals exhibiting pupillary reactivity to light (83% vs 25% in the CTRL group, p = 0.01) and lower S100β protein levels (189 ± 42 vs 412 ± 63 pg/mL, p < 0.01) at the end of the protocol. Molar sodium lactate significantly prevented cardiac arrest–induced decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial calcium–retention capacity compared with controls. At 120 minutes of reperfusion, survival did not significantly differ between the groups (10/12, 83% in the molar sodium lactate group vs nine of 12, 75% in the control group; p > 0.99), but hemodynamics were significantly improved in the molar sodium lactate group compared with the control group (higher mean arterial pressure [49 ± 2 vs 29 ± 3 mm Hg; p < 0.05], higher cardiac output [108 ± 4 vs 58 ± 9 mL/min; p < 0.05], higher left ventricle surface shortening fraction [38% ± 3% vs 19% ± 3%; p < 0.05], and lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure [3 ± 1 vs 8 ± 2 mm Hg; p < 0.01]). While fluid intake was similar in both groups, fluid balance was higher in control animals (11 ± 1 mL/kg) than that in molar sodium lactate-treated rabbits (1 ± 3 mL/kg; p < 0.01) due to lower diuresis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Molar sodium lactate was effective in limiting the severity of the postcardiac arrest syndrome. This preclinical study opens up new perspectives for the treatment of cardiac arrest.
High prevalence of extrarenal artery involvement in children with fibromuscular dysplasia – a single-center experience
Authors: Obrycki Łukasz , Sarnecki Jędrzej , Sobczyk Katarzyna , Feber Janusz , Brzezińska-Rajszys Grażyna , Litwin Mieczysław 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Although the clinical presentation of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and its generalized character has been previously described in adults, data on FMD in children are limited.

Method:
In this study, we aimed to assess visceral artery involvement in pediatric FMD patients with documented renal artery stenosis (RAS) and renovascular hypertension (RVH) in comparison with healthy individuals. We retrospectively analyzed the results of angiographic studies of 16 patients with a median age of 13.9 years (10 girls) in comparison with 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results:
Out of the 16 FMD patients, 10 (63%) had stenotic lesions identifiable only in renal arteries, whereas six (37%) had additional stenoses in other vascular beds – in the celiac trunk (four patients), superior mesenteric artery (four patients), inferior mesenteric artery (one patient), splenic artery (one patient), common hepatic artery (three patients), and abdominal aorta (one patient). The comparison of ostial diameters of vessels, in which no periostial narrowing, stents, or occlusions were found, revealed that patients with FMD had a significantly smaller diameter of the celiac trunk (P = 0.017), splenic arteries (P = 0.007), and common hepatic artery (P = 0.026) than their age- and sex-matched healthy peers.

Conclusion:
We found that 69% of children with RVH caused by FMD had clinically silent stenoses or tortuosity of visceral arteries. The results of our study suggest that pediatric FMD is a generalized arterial condition, and the patients may need screening for both renal as well as nonrenal manifestations of the disease.
Exercise blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies
Authors: Moore Myles N. , Climie Rachel E. , Otahal Petr , Schultz Martin G. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
A hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) is associated with cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure (BP). A poor cardiovascular risk factor profile may underlie these associations, although this has not been systematically elucidated. Via systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the relationship between exercise BP and cardiovascular risk factors, and determine if cardiovascular risk is higher in those with an HRE vs. no-HRE across different study populations (including those with/without high BP at rest).

Methods:
Three online databases were searched for cross-sectional studies reporting data on exercise BP, an HRE and cardiovascular risk factors (including arterial structure, lipid, metabolic, inflammatory and kidney function markers). Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were used to calculate pooled correlations between exercise BP and each risk factor and pooled mean differences between those with/without an HRE.

Results:
Thirty-eight studies (38 295 participants, aged 50 ± 3years; 78% male) were included. Exercise SBP was associated with arterial, lipid and kidney function risk markers (P < 0.05). Those with an HRE had greater aortic stiffness (+0.80 ± 0.35 m/s), total (+0.14 ± 0.03 mmol/l) and low-density lipoprotein (+0.12 ± 0.03 mmol/l) cholesterol, triglycerides (+0.24 ± 0.04 mmol/l), glucose (+0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l), white blood cell count (+0.49 ± 0.16 mmol/l) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (standardized mean difference: +0.97 ± 0.34), and lower flow-mediated dilation (−4.13 ± 1.02%) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/l) vs. those with no-HRE (P < 0.05 all). Results were broadly similar across study populations.

Conclusion:
Exercise SBP is associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, which appear worse in those with an HRE vs. no-HRE. As results were similar across population groups, an HRE should be considered an important indicator of cardiovascular risk.
The association between the Moyamoya disease susceptible gene RNF213 variant and incident cardiovascular disease in a general population: the Nagahama study
Authors: Tabara Yasuharu , Yamada Hitomi , Setoh Kazuya , Matsukawa Manami , Takahashi Meiko , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Nakayama Takeo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Kosugi Shinji 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
An association between the Moyamoya disease susceptible gene ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) variant and ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease has been suggested in case-control studies. We aimed to investigate the possible association between the RNF213 variant and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a general population.

Methods:
The study participants consisted of 9153 Japanese community residents without history of cardiovascular disease. The clinical parameters employed in this analysis were observed at baseline between 2008 and 2010. The RNF213 p.R4859K variant was determined by TaqMan probe assay and then confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results:
During 8.52 years follow-up period, we observed 214 incident cases of cardiovascular diseases (99 total stroke cases, 119 major adverse cardiac event cases, including 4 cases of both). The incidence rate was higher for the variant allele carriers (120 cases; incidence rate, 71.0 per 10 000 person-years) than for the homozygotes of the wild-type allele (26.9), and the group differences achieved statistical significance (P = 0.009). Although the RNF213 variant was also associated with systolic blood pressure (dominant model: coefficient of 8.19 mmHg; P < 0.001), the Cox regression analysis adjusted for major covariates including systolic blood pressure identified the RNF213 variant as an independent determinant for cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio of 3.41, P = 0.002) and major adverse cardiac event (hazard ratio of 3.80, P = 0.010) but not with total stroke (P = 0.102).

Conclusion:
The Moyamoya disease susceptible RNF213 variant was associated with blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a Japanese general population.
Nurses' Perspectives of the Need for Physical Therapy Services During an Acute Postpartum Stay: A Focus Group
Authors: Divine Kate , Duvall Paige , Weicht Lenzie , Abraham Karen 
Published: August 2021

Hypothesis/Purpose:
Complications in the postpartum period can include pain, urinary incontinence, diastasis recti abdominis, and pelvic floor injury. Physical therapists are in a unique position to address these concerns during the acute postpartum stay. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the role of physical therapy (PT) in this patient population. Mother-Baby (MB) nurses work closely with postpartum mothers; therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain nurses' perspectives of their knowledge of and need for PT in the acute postpartum setting.

Subjects:
Nine MB nurses and 1 newly graduated nurse with MB experience from 2 hospitals near Winchester, Virginia, participated.

Materials/Methods:
Contact was made with nurse managers to arrange a time for the focus group. A demographic questionnaire was distributed prior to the session. A student moderator led the semistructured interview with preselected open-ended questions. The focus groups were audio/video recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were used for theme coding and concept map development.

Results:
Five participants were present for each focus group. Four main themes and 1 subtheme emerged. These included lack of understanding of PT scope of practice with a subtheme of special circumstances, limited time, role overlap, and appropriate timing of PT. Lack of understanding of PT scope of practice was the overarching theme.

Conclusion:
MB nurses demonstrated a limited understanding of the PT scope of practice and their potential role postpartum. Further education and interdisciplinary collaboration may be beneficial to enhance postpartum care in the United States.
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Stapedotomy: A Single-Blinded Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Fan Caleb J. , Kaul Vivian F. , Mavrommatis Maria A. , Schwam Zachary G. , Hu Shirley , Kong Derek K. , Phan Noel M. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To demonstrate non-inferiority of endoscopic stapedotomy to microscopic stapedotomy for the treatment of otosclerosis.

Study Design:
Single-blinded randomized control trial.

Setting:
Tertiary, academic otology-neurotology practice.

Patients:
Adult subjects with a diagnosis of otosclerosis and a preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) more than or equal to 20 dB undergoing primary stapedotomy.

Intervention:
Endoscopic or microscopic stapedotomy.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary audiometric outcome was postoperative ABG. Secondary audiometric outcomes included speech reception threshold (SRT), word recognition score (WRS), bone- and air-conduction pure tone averages (PTA), change in ABG, and ABG closure rates to less than or equal to 10 dB and less than or equal to 20 dB.

Results:
Twenty-two patients were recruited. Eleven patients underwent endoscopic stapedotomy and 11 underwent microscopic stapedotomy. The endoscopic group was non-inferior to the microscopic group in terms of postoperative audiometric outcomes (endoscope versus microscope, p-value): ABG (8.1 dB versus 8.1 dB, <0.001), SRT (27.7 dB versus 25.9 dB, <0.001), WRS (92% at 65 dB versus 98% at 62 dB, <0.001), air-conduction PTA (33.5 dB versus 30.8 dB, <0.01), and change in ABG (23.0 dB versus 20.7 dB, <0.0001). ABG closure rates to less than or equal to 10 dB (72.7% versus 81.2%, p = 1.0) and less than or equal to 20 dB (90.9% versus 100%, p = 1.0) were not significantly different. There was no significant difference in operative time, necessity of scutum curettage, or postoperative dysgeusia. No patients required chorda tympani sacrifice. Preoperative tinnitus resolved in three patients in each group postoperatively.

Conclusions:
This study is the first randomized control trial to demonstrate non-inferiority of endoscopic to microscopic stapedotomy.