bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction-diffusion hydrogels from urease enzyme particles for patterned coatings
Authors: Mai Anthony Q. , Bánsági Tamás , Taylor Annette F. , Pojman John A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reaction and diffusion of small molecules is used to initiate the formation of protective polymeric layers, or biofilms, that attach cells to surfaces. Here, inspired by biofilm formation, we present a general method for the growth of hydrogels from urease enzyme-particles by combining production of ammonia with a pH-regulated polymerization reaction in solution. We show through experiments and simulations how the propagating basic front and thiol-acrylate polymerization were continuously maintained by the localized urease reaction in the presence of urea, resulting in hydrogel layers around the enzyme particles at surfaces, interfaces or in motion. The hydrogels adhere the enzyme-particles to surfaces and have a tunable growth rate of the order of 10 µm min−1 that depends on the size and spatial distribution of particles. This approach can be exploited to create enzyme-hydrogels or chemically patterned coatings for applications in biocatalytic flow reactors.
Subglacial erosion has the potential to sustain microbial processes in Subglacial Lake Whillans, Antarctica
Authors: Gill-Olivas Beatriz , Telling Jon , Tranter Martyn , Skidmore Mark , Christner Brent , O’Doherty Simon , Priscu John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubglacial Lake Whillans lies below around 800 m of Antarctic ice and is isolated from fresh sources of photosynthetic organic matter to sustain life. The diverse microbial ecosystems within the lake and underlying sediments are therefore dependent on a combination of relict, overridden, marine-derived organic matter and mineral-derived energy. Here, we conduct experiments to replicate subglacial erosion involving both gentle and high-energy crushing of Subglacial Lake Whillans sediments and the subsequent addition of anoxic water. We find that substantial quantities of reduced species, including hydrogen, methane, acetate and ammonium and oxidised species such as hydrogen peroxide, sulfate and carbon dioxide are released. We propose that the concomitant presence of both hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide, alongside high concentrations of mineral surface radicals, suggests that the splitting of water on freshly abraded mineral surfaces increases the concentrations of redox pairs from rock-water reactions and could provide a mechanism to augment the energy available to microbial ecosystems.
The “Sound of Silence”: Sensitivity to Silent Letters in Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Godin Marie-Pier , Berthiaume Rachel , Daigle Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) demonstrate general spelling difficulties. This study investigated accuracy on and sensitivity to silent letters in spelling in children with and without DLD. Investigating silent-letter production provides a window into orthographic and morphological knowledge and enhances understanding of children's spelling skills.

Method

A group of children with DLD (
M
age
= 9;11 [years;months]) and two control groups of typically developing children (
n
= 30 in each group) were given a dictated spelling task of 44 words that each contained a derivational or a nonderivational silent letter. We coded the silent letter in each word and counted 1 point for each correctly spelled letter in order to examine accuracy on silent letters. Two error patterns were distinguished to analyze sensitivity to silent letters: silent-letter substitutions and silent-letter omissions.

Results
Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that children with DLD produced significantly more errors on silent letters than did both control groups. Both control groups showed a greater sensitivity to silent-letter endings, as they tended to substitute incorrect silent letters where they made errors. In contrast, children with DLD tended to omit silent letters in their spelling attempts.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that silent-letter production is a major source of difficulty for spellers, especially for those with DLD, who appear to lack sensitivity to silent letters. These results highlight the importance of promoting spelling instruction to enhance orthographic knowledge in children with DLD.
Blind restoration of solar images via the Channel Sharing Spatio-temporal Network
Authors: Wang Shuai , Chen Qingqing , He Chunyuan , Zhang Chi , Zhong Libo , Bao Hua , Rao Changhui 
Published: June 2021

Context. Due to the presence of atmospheric turbulence, the quality of solar images tends to be significantly degraded when observed by ground-based telescopes. The adaptive optics (AO) system can achieve partial correction but stops short of reaching the diffraction limit. In order to further improve the imaging quality, post-processing for AO closed-loop images is still necessary. Methods based on deep learning (DL) have been proposed for AO image reconstruction, but the most of them are based on the assumption that the point spread function is spatially invariant.
Aims. Our goal is to construct clear solar images by using a sophisticated spatially variant end-to-end blind restoration network.
Methods. The proposed channel sharing spatio-temporal network (CSSTN) consists of three sub-networks: a feature extraction network, channel sharing spatio-temporal filter adaptive network (CSSTFAN), and a reconstruction network (RN). First, CSSTFAN generates two filters adaptively according to features generated from three inputs. Then these filters are delivered to the proposed channel sharing filter adaptive convolutional layer in CSSTFAN to convolve with the previous or current step features. Finally, the convolved features are concatenated as input of RN to restore a clear image. Ultimately, CSSTN and the other three supervised DL methods are trained on the binding real 705 nm photospheric and 656 nm chromospheric AO correction images as well as the corresponding speckle reconstructed images.
Results. The results of CSSTN, the three DL methods, and one classic blind deconvolution method evaluated on four test sets are shown. The imaging condition of the first photospheric and second chromospheric set is the same as training set, except for the different time given in the same hour. The imaging condition of the third chromospheric and fourth photospheric set is the same as the first and second, except for the Sun region and time. Our method restores clearer images and performs best in both the peak signal-to-noise ratio and contrast among these methods.
Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of α-Hydroxy Esters with Nitromethane
Authors: Jiang Jin , Xiao Lili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient copper-catalyzed tandem oxidation/nitroaldol reaction of hydroxyl compounds with nucleophiles is developed. In this work, β-nitro-α-hydroxy esters were prepared via cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction using α-hydroxy esters as hydroxy compounds and nitromethane as a nucleophile. The reaction is believed to undergo an oxidation of the hydroxy group and then an addition of the generated carbonyl group. It is an example of CDC reactions related to hydroxy compounds via carbonyl intermediates.
Impact of Digit Amputation on Dogs Competing in Agility
Authors: Sellon Debra C. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Powers Michelle , Fernandezlopez Sarah , Cullen Kimberley L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives This work sought to determine the prognosis for dogs for return to athletic function in canine agility competitions after digit amputation.
Materials and Methods Data were collected using an Internet-based survey of owners of agility dogs with digit disorders that required amputation. Signalment and physical characteristics were compared between dogs with traumatic and nontraumatic disorders. Athletic performance before and after amputation was assessed subjectively by owner opinion and objectively for eight dogs using competition performance records.
Results Problems leading to digit amputation in 46 dogs included acute or chronic traumatic lesions (30 dogs), infection (7 dogs), neoplasia (7 dogs), and cystic lesions (2 dogs). There were no differences in signalment or physical characteristics between dogs with traumatic and nontraumatic disorders. Of the 46 dogs, 39 (84.7%) had returned to agility at the time of the survey and 94.6% of the owners (37/39) were satisfied with performance after amputation. No dog failed to return to agility as a result of the digit disorder or amputation. There was no difference in mean competition speed before and after amputation.
Clinical Significance Most agility dogs undergoing digit amputation perform satisfactorily after surgery, although modifications to performance criteria may be appropriate for some.
Extradural Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour at T7 Level in a 2-Year-Old Dog
Authors: Aragosa Federica , Caterino Chiara , Della Valle Giovanni , D'Aquino Ilaria , Costanza Dario , Cantile Carlo , Fatone Gerardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this report is to describe an unusual localization of nerve sheath tumour (NST), clinical presentation, imaging, surgical management, and outcome in a 2-year-old dog. A 2-year-old female American Staffordshire Terrier presented with nonambulatory paraparesis, thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia, hindlimb hyperreflexia, and mild muscle atrophy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural mass at T7-T8, without vertebral lesions. Surgical treatment consisted in resection of the soft tissue mass through dorsal laminectomy. The dog was ambulatory within 24 hours and free of recurrence at 18 months postoperatively. Histopathologic and features of immunohistochemistry were consistent with NST. The NST of this report was similar to those described before, but exhibited unusual characteristics, such as being extradural, without extension into intervertebral foramina, and being located in an atypical region (T7-T8). Moreover, survival time and relapse-free interval are greater than previously reported for similar cases.
Repair of a Radial Fracture with Radial Head Luxation in a Bugio Monkey (Alouatta caraya)
Authors: Minto Bruno Watanabe , Magalhães Thaís Vendramini , Guaita Sergio Andrés Millán , Dias Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves , Werther Karin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBugio monkeys (Alouatta caraya) need their arms for locomotion, hygiene, and defence, and possess well-developed dexterity of their hands, depending on them for proper feeding. For this reason, appropriate treatment of thoracic limb fractures is not only essential but also challenging in this species. This report describes the successful treatment of a radial fracture associated with luxation of the radial head in a female, adult Alouatta caraya. The patient was admitted after a suspected traumatic event with a complete transverse fracture of the right radial diaphysis and subluxation of the ipsilateral radius head. Using a craniomedial approach to the radius, surgical stabilization was performed using a 1.7 mm micro series Fixin locking plate after open reduction in bone fragments. The patient had early use of the limb (24 hours postoperatively) and progressive improvement in its usual activities over the following weeks. Radiographic monitoring was performed at 30, 60, and 360 days postoperatively, and bone healing occurred with no complications. The treatment of fractures in primates is potentially challenging, requiring adaptation to primate anatomy and the specific living conditions of the species. Open reduction and stabilization of the radial fracture with a plate and manually reducing the luxated radial head effectively lead to long-term restoration of full function and of normal activities.
The Bakhtin Circle’s dialog in Vietnam
Authors: Bac Le Huy , Hang Dao Thi Thu , Phuong Le Nguyen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we use Jacques Derrida’s deconstructive method to study the influence of Mikhail Bakhtin in Vietnam in the 1990s and 2000s. By using evaluations of Bakhtin by researchers in Vietnam and around the world, we argue that he is not the only owner of the theory of dialog and polyphony. His friends, Pavel Medvedev and Valentin Voloshinov, also played important roles in defining these concepts. The Bakhtin Circle’s dialog theory is related to the sense of democracy in society. The work of Bakhtin was introduced to Vietnam in the 1980s and led to a “Bakhtin fever” throughout Vietnam. However, he has been less overrated recently. We also discover a mistake in the dialogic theory of the Bakhtin Circle. The members of the Circle said that the nature of language is dialogic, which means that whenever language is used, either in literature or in common life, it is always polyphonic. Based on this claim, novels use language to tell stories, so novels are polyphonic. The Bakhtin Circle was mistaken when labeling Dostoevsky’s novels as polyphonic and Tolstoy’s novels as monologic. In the same vein, the Bakhtin Circle strongly believed that language in poetry is always monologic. We think this claim is also wrong. Dialogicality appears in all kinds of poetic languages.
Fine and hyperfine interactions in 171YbOH and 173YbOH
Authors: Pilgram Nickolas H. , Jadbabaie Arian , Zeng Yi , Hutzler Nicholas R. , Steimle Timothy C. 
Published: June 2021

The odd isotopologues of ytterbium monohydroxide, 171,173YbOH, have been identified as promising molecules to measure parity (P) and time reversal (T) violating physics. Here, we characterize the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0)−X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) band near 577 nm for these odd isotopologues. Both laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra of a supersonic molecular beam sample and absorption spectra of a cryogenic buffer-gas cooled sample were recorded. In addition, a novel spectroscopic technique based on laser-enhanced chemical reactions is demonstrated and used in absorption measurements. This technique is especially powerful for disentangling congested spectra. An effective Hamiltonian model is used to extract the fine and hyperfine parameters for the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0) and X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) states. A comparison of the determined X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) hyperfine parameters with recently predicted values [Denis et al., J. Chem. Phys. 152, 084303 (2020); K. Gaul and R. Berger, Phys. Rev. A 101, 012508 (2020); and Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154,064110 (2021)] is made. The measured hyperfine parameters provide experimental confirmation of the computational methods used to compute the P,T-violating coupling constants Wd and WM, which correlate P,T-violating physics to P,T-violating energy shifts in the molecule. The dependence of the fine and hyperfine parameters of the Ã2Π1/2(0,0,0) and X̃2Σ+(0,0,0) states for all isotopologues of YbOH are discussed, and a comparison to isoelectronic YbF is made.
Activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis by exogenous and endogenous GDF15
Authors: Cimino Irene , Kim Hanna , Tung Y. C. Loraine , Pedersen Kent , Rimmington Debra , Tadross John A. , Kohnke Sara N. , Neves-Costa Ana , Barros André , Joaquim Stephanie , Bennett Don , Melvin Audrey , Lockhart Samuel M. , Rostron Anthony J. , Scott Jonathan , Liu Hui , Burling Keith , Barker Peter , Clatworthy Menna R. , Lee E-Chiang , Simpson A. John , Yeo Giles S. H. , Moita Luís F. , Bence Kendra K. , Jørgensen Sebastian Beck , Coll Anthony P. , Breen Danna M. , O’Rahilly Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Significance
GDF15, a hormone produced by a wide variety of cells undergoing different types of stress, acts on a receptor in the brain where it transmits signals that are perceived by the organism as aversive. We now report an action of GDF15, whereby it activates the endocrine stress response and increases circulating levels of the principal glucocorticoid (a “stress” steroid). By studying mice genetically deficient in GDF15, we also demonstrate that GDF15 is a key signal through which damage due to toxic chemicals activates the steroid stress response. GDF15 is currently being explored as an antiobesity drug and examination of the degree and duration of the steroid effect will need to be incorporated into any human trials.
The role of dimensionality and geometry in quench-induced nonequilibrium forces
Authors: Nejad M R , Khalilian H , Rohwer C M , Moghaddam A G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present an analytical formalism, supported by numerical simulations, for studying forces that act on curved walls following temperature quenches of the surrounding ideal Brownian fluid. We show that, for curved surfaces, the post-quench forces initially evolve rapidly to an extremal value, whereafter they approach their steady state value algebraically in time. In contrast to the previously-studied case of flat boundaries (lines or planes), the algebraic decay for curved geometries depends on the dimension of the system. Specifically, steady-state values of the force are approached in time as t
−d/2 in d-dimensional spherical (curved) geometries. For systems consisting of concentric circles or spheres, the exponent does not change for the force on the outer circle or sphere. However, the force exerted on the inner circles or sphere experiences an overshoot and, as a result, does not evolve to the steady state in a simple algebraic manner. The extremal value of the force also depends on the dimension of the system, and originates from curved boundaries and the fact that particles inside a sphere or circle are locally more confined, and diffuse less freely than particles outside the circle or sphere.
Chimera states through invariant manifold theory
Authors: Eldering Jaap , Lamb Jeroen S W , Pereira Tiago , Roque dos Santos Edmilson 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We establish the existence of chimera states, simultaneously supporting synchronous and asynchronous dynamics, in a network of two symmetrically linked star subnetworks of identical oscillators with shear and Kuramoto–Sakaguchi coupling. We show that the chimera states may be metastable or asymptotically stable. If the intra-star coupling strength is of order ɛ, the chimera states persist on time scales at least of order 1/ɛ in general, and on time-scales at least of order 1/ɛ
2 if the intra-star coupling is of Kuramoto–Sakaguchi type. If the intra-star coupling configuration is sparse, the chimeras are asymptotically stable. The analysis relies on a combination of dimensional reduction using a Möbius symmetry group and techniques from averaging theory and normal hyperbolicity.
Characterisation of a laser plasma betatron source for high resolution x-ray imaging
Authors: Finlay O J , Gruse J-N , Thornton C , Allott R , Armstrong C D , Baird C D , Bourgeois N , Brenner C , Cipiccia S , Cole J M , Gregory C , Jamison S , Katzir Y , Lopes N C , Mangles S P D , Murphy C D , Najmudin Z , Neely D , Pickard L R , Potter K D , Rajeev P P , Rusby D , Selwood M P , Symes D R , Underwood C I D , Wood J C , Thomas A G R , Streeter M J V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We report on the characterisation of an x-ray source, generated by a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator. The spectrum of the optimised source was consistent with an on-axis synchrotron spectrum with a critical energy of

13.8

−
1.9

+
2.2

keV and the number of photons per pulse generated above 1 keV was calculated to be

6

−
0.9

+
1.2

×

10

9

. The x-ray beam was used to image a resolution grid placed 37 cm from the source, which gave a measured spatial resolution of 4 µm ×  5 µm. The inferred emission region had a radius and length of 0.5 ± 0.2 µm and 3.2 ± 0.9 mm respectively. It was also observed that laser damage to the exit aperture of the gas cell led to a reduction in the accelerated electron beam charge and a corresponding reduction in x-ray flux due to the change in the plasma density profile.
Experimental Study of the Processes of Formation, Drift and Coalescence of Vapor-Gas Bubbles in Aqueous Solutions of Salts and Surfactants in a Sonochemical Reactor
Authors: Fattalov O , Lyubimova T , Rybkin K , Kozlov M , Kuchinskiy M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An experimental study of the activity of cavitation processes and the intensity of coalescence of vapor-gas bubbles arising in the volume of a liquid in the presence of ultrasonic (US) exposure in a NaCl salt solution and at various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant has been carried out. The process of bubble formation and drift was recorded using a highspeed camera in the plane of the cuvette illuminated by a laser knife. It is shown that the addition of a surfactant to an aqueous solution of NaCl salt leads to a partial inhibition of the coalescence of the observed bubbles and a change in the degassing mode of the liquid in the presence of ultrasonic treatment. The maximum activity of cavitation processes and the formation of vapor-gas bubbles was observed in the presence of salt and a low concentration of SDS. Thus, the presence of a surfactant in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NaCl salt leads to a change in the growth dynamics of the bubble ensemble, since small bubbles are not able to float to the surface, due to the prevalence of viscous and vibrational forces over buoyancy force.
On the Inherent Polycrystal Stress Concentration
Authors: Gulin V V , Nikitin A D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When analyzing the structural integrity of a material or structural part, the mechanics of continuous media is traditionally used with the concept of the homogeneity and isotropy of material properties; with this approach, the fracture criteria are related to the integral characteristics of the material and are described by the invariants of the stress tensor. However, this approach does not consider the physical aspects of the occurrence of local areas of plastic deformation, which ultimately means the impossibility of predicting the fracture, and, consequently, the resource of the structure. This is especially evident in the conditions of cyclic loading, when the material can fail at stresses well below the traditional «fatigue limit». In the current work, an approach is proposed that allows to save traditional methods of design and resource forecasting by expanding the scale of modeling. The paper introduces the concept of inherent stress concentration in any structurally heterogeneous medium as its inherent attribute. A universal algorithm for determining this characteristic is presented.
Experimental Study of the Acoustic Pressure Distribution in a Sonochemical Reactor
Authors: Kuchinskiy M , Lyubimova T , Rybkin K , Fattalov O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to an experimental study of the main parameters of the acoustic flow that occurs in a liquid under the influence of an ultrasound source (US) with a frequency of 1.7 MHz. To study the type of emerging currents, the method of tracer and fluorescence imaging was used; the distribution of relative acoustic pressure was found using a vibration sensor; to measure the intensity of cavitation events, thermocouple measurements were used. Experiments have shown that an increase in the concentration of the NaCl salt in the water solution reduces the intensity of vibrations when the sensor is removed from the ultrasonic source. The maximum intensity of cavitation events also changes its position, moving to the area near the ultrasonic source. Thus, the effect of an increase in the salt concentration on the type of flow in a sonochemical reactor was noted, which was also experimentally recorded in the work using light-reflecting particles.