bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular studies of DO alleles reveal that JO is more prevalent than HY in Brazil, whereas HY is more prevalent in New York
Authors: Castilho L. , Baleotti W. , Tossas E. , Hue-Roye K. , Ribeiro K.R. , Lomas-Francis C. , Charles-Pierre D. , Reid M.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Because of the scarcity of anti-Hy and anti-Joa, hemagglutination typing for the Dombrock blood group system antigens, Hy and Joa, is not feasible. The molecular bases associated with these antigens have been determined, making it possible to distinguish HY and JO from wild-type DO. This provides a tool to predict the probable phenotype of patients and to screen for antigen-negative donors. PCR-RFLP assays and a microchip assay were used to determine the frequency of HY and JO alleles in donors from Brazil and New York. DNA from random Brazilian donors, 288 by PCR-RFLP and 599 by the bead array method (BeadChip, BioArray Solutions, Warren, NJ), was tested to determine 323G/T (HY+/HY–) and 350C>T (JO+/JO–) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In New York, 27,226 donors who self-identified as being African American were tested by hemagglutination with anti-Gya. Nonreactive and weakly reactive samples were tested by PCR-RFLP for the same alleles as listed above. In Brazil, 30 (3.4%) of the samples were JO/DO and 13 (1.4%) were HY/DO. In New York, of the samples that had HY or JO alleles, 14 were homozygous HY/HY, 132 were heterozygous HY/DO, 13 were heterozygous HY/JO, 14 were heterozygous JO/DO, and 3 were homozygous JO/JO. These results show that in donors from Brazil, JO (30 alleles) is more than twice as prevalent as HY (13 alleles), whereas in donors from New York, HY (173 alleles) was more than five times more common than JO (33 alleles).
Immunohematology

2008;24:135–137.
The O2
allele: questioning the phenotypic definition of an ABO allele
Authors: Yazer M.H. , Olsson M.L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are three main alleles in the ABO blood group system, A, B, and O. The former two alleles encode glycosyltransferases resulting in the wild-type A and B phenotypes, whereas the latter allele does not encode a functional enzyme owing to a frameshift polymorphism in the majority of cases. Thus the group O phenotype is the absence of A or B sugars. More than 15 years ago the O2
allele was described; this allele did not feature the usual crippling 261delG polymorphism, which up to that point was the hallmark of an allele encoding group O, but instead had several other nucleotide polymorphisms that reduced or eliminated the activity of its resulting protein. The classification of this type of allele as encoding group O has been called into question of late as some individuals with an O2 allele appear to have a weak A phenotype. Others with the same allele do not demonstrate any A antigens on their RBCs but might be involved in reverse typing discrepancies. Even within the same pedigree these alleles do not necessarily produce a consistent phenotype. This paper will summarize the detailed biochemical and population-based evidence both for and against the O2
allele’s ability to create A antigens or the absence of anti-A in plasma.
Immunohematology

2008;24:138–147.
DNA-based assays for patient testing: their application, interpretation, and correlation of results
Authors: Lomas-Francis C. , Depalma H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
DNA analysis for the prediction of RBC phenotype has broad implication in transfusion medicine. Hemagglutination testing, long the gold standard for immunohematology testing, has significant limitations. DNA analysis affords a useful addition to the arsenal of methods used to resolve complex serologic investigations. This report discusses the interpretation of results obtained by DNA analyses and their correlation with serologic results. Some current applications to resolve serologic problems encountered in patient testing are reviewed and case studies are presented to demonstrate the power of combining DNA analysis with hemagglutination.
Immunohematology

2008;24:180–190.
A novel study of association between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the human carbohydrate blood groups
Authors: Perry H.E , Franklin R.A. , Bray S.J , Lo M.K. , Svensson L.A.C. , Henry S.M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies of association of ABO blood groups with gonorrhea have shown contradictory results. Despite the interdependencies of ABO, Lewis, and secretor systems, none of the previous studies examined the combined effect of these systems on their proposed association with gonorrhea. This study attempted to redress that and used genotyping in addition to RBC phenotyping to determine correct tissue phenotypes. Samples from 131 gonorrhea-positive individuals and from 175 gonorrhea-negative individuals were typed for ABO and Lewis using routine antisera. Secretor and Lewis genotyping was performed to ensure accurate determination of ABO and Lewis phenotypes. Chi-square and probability values were used to examine whether there is an association of ABO, Lewis, and secretor systems with gonorrhea infection. Neither single nor combined statistical analysis of data sets yielded a significant association of ABO, Lewis, and secretor phenotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, this study is an example of the approach that should be taken when examining microbial associations with ABO antigens, in turn influenced by coexpression and modification by the interdependent systems of Lewis and secretor, in mucosal tissues.
Immunohematology

2007; 23:100–104.
Transfusion practices for patients with sickle cell disease at a major academic medical center
Authors: Afenyi-Annan A. , Bandarenko N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) is a tertiary-care, academic university hospital and a major referral center for patients across the state of North Carolina. This 700-bed, Level 1 trauma center transfuses more than 22,000 RBC units to patients annually. Clinical services and areas of the hospital which rely most heavily on transfusion support for their activities are transplantation (bone marrow and solid organ), hematology, critical care (medical and surgical intensive care units), cardiothoracic surgery, pediatrics, the operating room, the emergency department, labor and delivery, dialysis, and outpatient services. UNC is recognized for its expertise in coagulation, transfusion medicine, and hematology, particularly in sickle cell disease (SCD). The sickle cell center at UNC, which began in 1980 and continues today, in conjunction with our neighboring institution, Duke University Medical Center, is designated as part of a National Institutes of Health comprehensive sickle cell center. Several of the physicians are dedicated to the care of pediatric and adult patients with SCD, as well as to research on transfusion management of these patients and recruitment of African American blood donors. This article describes the practices of this institution for transfusion management of patients with SCD, as well as some of its efforts related to this challenging area of transfusion medicine.
Immunohematology

2006;22:103–107.
Novel molecular basis of an Inab phenotype
Authors: Hue-Roye K. , Powell V.I. , Patel G. , Lane D. , Maguire M. , Chung A. , Reid M.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Cromer blood group system consists of ten high-prevalence and three low-prevalence antigens carried on decay-accelerating factor (DAF). DAF is found in the cell membranes of RBCs, granulocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes and is widely represented in other body tissues. Sequence analyses of DNA were performed on a blood sample from a 91-year-old Japanese woman whose serum contained an alloantibody to a high-prevalence antigen in the Cromer blood group system (anti-IFC). A blood sample from her daughter was also studied. Sequence analysis revealed a substitution of 508C>T in exon 4 of DAF in the proband. The proband’s daughter was heterozygous for 508C/T. This study describes an Inab phenotype in which the 508C>T nonsense mutation is predicted to change arginine at amino acid residue 136 to a stop codon. This change is in SCR 3 of DAF. This study reports on the molecular basis of a new proband with the Inab phenotype who had no history of intestinal disorders.
Immunohematology

2005;21:53–55.
Severe hemolytic anemia due to auto anti-N
Authors: Immel C.C. , McPherson M. , Hay S.N. , Braddy L.R. , Brecher M.E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Auto anti-N is infrequently encountered and, in most reported cases, does not cause clinical hemolysis. This case reports an auto anti-N associated with severe hemolytic anemia (Hb = 2.7 g/dL) in a 6-year-old Caucasian girl with a history of vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Upon admission, she was found to have a metabolic acidosis, secondary to her severe anemia, with abnormal liver function tests. As in three other case reports, the autoimmune hemolytic anemia resolved, with disappearance of the auto anti-N, after corticosteroid therapy.
Immunohematology

2005, 21:63–65.
Analysis of SERF in Thai blood donors
Authors: Palacajornsuk P. , Hue-Roye K. , Nathalang O. , Tantimavanich S. , Bejrachandra S. , Reid M.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Cromer blood group system consists of nine high-prevalence and three low-prevalence antigens carried on decay-accelerating factor (DAF). We recently described one of these Cromer high-prevalence antigens, SERF, the absence of which was found in a Thai woman. The lack of SERF antigen in this proband was associated with a substitution of nucleotide 647C>T in exon 5 of DAF, which is predicted to be a change of proline to leucine at amino acid position 182 in short consensus repeat (SCR) 3 of DAF. This study reports on PCR-RFLP analysis of the SERF allele with BstNI restriction endonuclease on more than one thousand Thai blood donor samples. One new donor homozygous (647T) and 21 donors heterozygous (647C/T) for the SERF allele were found. Among this cohort of random Thai blood donors, the SERF allele frequency was 1.1 percent. Thus, like other alleles in the Cromer blood group system, SERF is found in a certain ethnic group.
Immunohematology

2005, 21:66–69.
Case report: immune anti-D stimulated by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Connolly M. , Erber W.N. , Grey D.E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
FFP has occasionally been reported to generate an immune response to RBC antigens (e.g., anti-D and anti-Fya). The Council of Europe requires that each unit of FFP have less than 6 × 109/L RBCs. However, there is considerable variation internationally in the method of production and the level and assessment of RBC contamination of FFP. This study reports the case of a 63-year-old group B, D– man who received multiple transfusions of D– blood products over a 4-month period. Seven months later the patient’s antibody screen remained negative and he was transfused with seven units of D– RBCs and six units of FFP, four of which were D+. Two months later anti-D, -E, and -K were detected in his plasma. Although the anti-E and anti-K could have resulted from transfusion of antigen-positive RBCs, the anti-D could have resulted only from transfusion of the D+ FFP. The D status of FFP is currently not considered when selecting products for transfusion even though the D antigen is highly immunogenic and the level of RBC contamination of FFP is not always known. This case highlights that transfusion of FFP is a stimulus for RBC antibodies and that when a patient has had a recent transfusion of FFP, consideration should be given to obtaining a sample for pretransfusion testing within 3 days before a scheduled RBC transfusion. In addition, the D status of FFP should be considered before administering FFP to premenopausal D– women.
Immunohematology

2005;21:149–51.
Chukochenite, (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, a new lithium oxyspinel mineral from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, China
Authors: Rao Can , Gu Xiangping , Wang Rucheng , Xia Qunke , Cai Yuanfeng , Dong Chuanwan , Hatert Frédéric , Hao Yantao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chukochenite, (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, is a new mineral species from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, southern China. It occurs as subhedral to euhedral crystals up to 200 μm across in the green rock of Xianghualing skarn, closely associated with fluorite, phlogopite, chrysoberyl, margarite, chlorite, ferronigerite-2N1S, and zinconigerite-2N1S. The crystals are colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster. Chukochenite is brittle with irregular fracture, has a Mohs hardness of 8, and shows light red fluorescence under 253.7 nm UV radiation and light green fluorescence under 365 nm UV radiation. The calculated density is 3.771 g/cm3. Chukochenite is optically biaxial (–) with α = 1.79(2), β = 1.82(2), and γ = 1.83(2) (589 nm). The calculated 2V is 60°, with the optical orientations X, Y, and Z parallel to the crystallographic a, b, and c, respectively. Electron microprobe analysis (Li by LA-ICP-MS) yielded in wt% Al2O3 80.70, Fe2O3 8.16, Li2O 3.68, ZnO 3.25, MnO 2.49, MgO 1.70, Na2O 0.11, CaO 0.08, TiO2 0.02, K2O 0.01, and Cr2O3 0.01 (total 100.24 wt%), giving an empirical formula [(Li0.355Al0.138Na0.005Ca0.002)Σ0.5(Al0.145Fe0.147+3Mg0.061Zn0.058Mn0.051Si0.001)Σ0.463]Al2O4 on a basis of 4 O atoms per formula unit. Chukochenite is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 5.659 (1), b = 16.898 (1), c = 7.994 (1) Å, V = 764.46 (8) Å3, and Z = 12. The nine strongest lines of powder XRD [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 2.405 (53) (231); 1.996 (29) (260); 1.535 (77) (303); 1.413 (100) (264); 1.260 (52) (2 12 0); 1.068 (36) (1 13 4); 1.039 (61) (503); 0.999 (59) (008); and 0.942 (35) (3 13 4). Chukochenite has a framework structure of spinel with low symmetry (orthorhombic Imma) due to the ordering of Li cations over octahedrally coordinated sites, which has not been previously reported for synthetic (Li0.5Al0.5) Al2O4. This structure type is based on a framework of AlO4 tetrahedra, AlO6, and LiO6 octahedra. AlO6 edge-sharing octahedra form chains along the a axis. AlO6 octahedra and LiO6 octahedra in a 2:1 ratio share edges, forming octahedral chains along b. These octahedral chains are connected by AlO4 tetrahedra and each corner of an AlO4 tetrahedron shares with three AlO6 octahedra or two AlO6 + one LiO6 octahedra. The discovery of chukochenite adds a new perspective on the cation ordering and the mechanism of luminescence and magnetism in (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4.
Oxygen isotope heterogeneity of olivine crystals in orogenic peridotites from Songshugou, North Qinling Orogen: Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications
Authors: Yu Hong , Zhang Hong-Fu , Zou Haibo , Xu Ji-Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOlivine grains from Songshugou mylonitized peridotite massif record δ18O both lower and higher than in pristine mantle samples in North Qinling Orogen, Central China. Olivines from dunites exhibit large variations in δ18O (4.03–7.07‰), and some porphyroclasts display negative correlations between δ18O and forsterite content {Fo; [100×Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)]}. The porphyroclast cores have low-δ18O values, indicating that they formed in the oceanic lithospheric mantle prior to subduction. We attribute low-δ18O values to seawater-peridotite interaction under high-temperature conditions. The porphyroclast rims and small olivines exhibit high-δ18O values. These features suggest that high-δ18O olivines formed during mylonitization in the exhumation process. Olivines reacted with 18O-rich melt/fluids released from subducted altered oceanic basalts and continental sediments at low temperature (&lt;610–680 °C). The 18O-rich melt/fluids selectively affected porphyroclast rims and small olivine grains. Unlike the olivines in the dunites, the olivines and orthopyroxenes in the harzburgites show limited variations in δ18O (4.21–5.45‰ and 5.5–5.8‰, respectively), due to orthopyroxene exchange with melt/fluid at a slower rate than the coexisting olivine. The preservation of the low-δ18O signature in olivines indicates a short residence time (&lt;20 Ma) for subducting peridotites to mantle depths.
Dispersed solar still for effective desalination using montmorillonite nanoparticles for sturdy clean water yield
Authors: Baskaran V. , Saravanane R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Direct Solar Steam Generation (DSSG) system is an emerging technique in the field of desalination for yielding sustainable clean water. This investigation propagates through the use of nanoscale absorbers (montmorillonite) for sturdy desalination because of their excellent photo thermal conversion of nanoparticles. The solar absorber was dispersed in sea water in liquid type rather than fixed or floating type. Nanoparticles of chemical composition were employed by the researchers from starting to the present day, which includes carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, etc., Inspired by nature and keeping in mind an eco-friendly technique, here we considered montmorillonite clay nanoparticles of natural origin. The experiment was conducted for an operational period of 14 days with a yield of 5.33–6.45 kg/m2/day with an evaporation rate of 0.70, 1.42 and 4.47 kg/m2.hr under 1-, 2- and 4-sun irradiance. The clean water output parameters was validated with WHO standards to satisfy potable water characteristics. The water characteristics before desalination for turbidity, pH, and Cl–, Na+ and TDS were found to be 48.50, 8.7, and 18,400, 12,120, 20,400 mg/L respectively; after desalination they were found to be 0.30, 6.65, 12, 4.5 and 52 mg/L respectively. This work focuses on current water scarcity problem and suggest a way to survival by using naturally available, low cost material.
Sewage: from liability to asset, the shoalhaven REMS project. Australia's largest regional waste water re-cycling scheme that has greatly reduced effluent discharge to sensitive waterways and helped increase dairy farm productivity. An overview of this comparatively simple project after 20 years of initial operation, REMS stages 1A + 1B
Authors: Fleeting David , Wright Ian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An overview of the REclaimed Water Management Scheme (REMS), Stages 1A & 1B undertaken by Shoalhaven Water, the water utility of Shoalhaven City Council, NSW, Australia, after its first twenty years of operation. REMS is one of the largest recycled effluent projects undertaken by a local government in Australia. REMS utilises tertiary treated re-claimed sewage water from the urban centres and utilises it, in lieu of potable water, for agricultural and sports field irrigation, while diverting discharge away from sensitive waterways. The REMS project was initiated to address three primary issues: Public outcry over sewage discharge into sensitive Bay/River/Ocean environments including Jervis Bay and the Shoalhaven River. To assist the Dairy industry though providing resistance to drought. To upgrade the sewerage system to enable development and address the demands of a greatly increased population. This paper places the scheme in the context of an integrated Water Utility and Local Government body, engaging stakeholders in extensive consultation, and embarking on a large project designed to have significant Environmental and Economic outcomes, culminating in an integrated multi-plant capture, treatment and distribution system. The project is focussed upon agricultural use of recycled water that has wide support public support, and benefits to both the Dairy farmers and Oyster farmers of the region. The paper examines REMS' success, its future expanded capabilities, and its application as a scalable model elsewhere.
Recent Advances in Fe-MOF Compositions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhong Yuyu , Liu Weicong , Rao Congying , Li Baohong , Wang Xiaoxiong , Liu Dong , Pan Ying , Liu Jianqiang 
Published: May 2021

Background:
To date, number of new and attractive materials have been applied
in drug delivery systems (DDDs) to improve the efficiency of the treatment of cancers.
Some problems like low stability, toxicity and weak ability of targeting have hampered
most of materials for further applications in biomedicine. MIL(MIL = Materials of
Institute Lavoisier), as a specific subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) owns
more advantages than other subclass MOFs, such as better biodegradability and lower cytotoxicity.
However, until now, systematic -s and analyses of Fe-based MIL on medical
applications are rarely though the majority of documents discussed one research branch
of the porous materials MOFs.

Discussion:
In this review, we have focussed mainly on the latest studies of applications,
including bioimaging, biosensing, and antibacterial and drug delivery on Fe-based MIL.
The existing shortcomings and future perspectives of the rapidly growing biomedical applications
of Fe-based MIL materials addressing dosage and loading strategies issues are
also discussed briefly, and further studies with the use of different therapies will be of
great interest.

Conclusion:
This article reviews the Fe-based MOFs design and biomedical application,
including biosensing, bioimaging, antibacterial agent, and drug delivery in recent years.
Viral Entry Inhibitors Targeting Six-Helical Bundle Core against
Highly Pathogenic Enveloped Viruses with Class I Fusion Proteins
Authors: Pu Jing , Zhou Joey Tianyi , Liu Ping , Yu Fei , He Xiaoyang , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Type Ⅰ enveloped viruses bind to cell receptors through surface glycoproteins to initiate infection or undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis and initiate membrane fusion in the acidic environ-ment of endocytic compartments, releasing genetic material into the cell. In the process of membrane fusion, envelope protein exposes fusion peptide, followed by an insertion into the cell membrane or endosomal membrane. Further conformational changes ensue in which the type 1 envelope protein forms a typical six-helix bundle structure, shortening the distance between viral and cell membranes so that fusion can occur. Entry inhibitors targeting viral envelope proteins, or host factors, are effective antiviral agents and have been widely studied. Some have been used clinically, such as T20 and Mara-viroc for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) or Myrcludex B for hepatitis D virus (HDV). This review focuses on entry inhibitors that target the six-helical bundle core against highly pathogenic en-veloped viruses with class I fusion proteins, including retroviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, paramyxoviruses, and filoviruses.