bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microlayer dynamics during the growth process of a single vapour bubble under subcooled flow boiling conditions
Authors: Sinha Gulshan Kumar , Narayan Surya , Srivastava Atul 
Published: November 2021

The phenomena of microlayer formation and its dynamic characteristics during the nucleate pool boiling regime have been widely investigated in the past. However, experimental works on real-time microlayer dynamics during nucleate flow boiling conditions are highly scarce. The present work is an attempt to address this lacuna and is concerned with developing a fundamental understanding of microlayer dynamics during the growth process of a single vapour bubble under nucleate flow boiling conditions. Boiling experiments have been conducted under subcooled conditions in a vertical rectangular channel with water as the working fluid. Thin-film interferometry combined with high-speed cinematography have been adopted to simultaneously capture the dynamic behaviour of the microlayer along with the bubble growth process. Transients associated with the microlayer have been recorded in the form of interferometric fringe patterns, which clearly reveal the evolution of the microlayer beneath the growing vapour bubble, the movement of the triple contact line and the growth of the dryspot region during the bubble growth process. While symmetric growth of the microlayer was confirmed in the early growth phase, the bulk flow-induced bubble deformation rendered asymmetry to its profile during the later stages of the bubble growth process. The recorded fringe patterns have been quantitatively analysed to obtain microlayer thickness profiles at different stages of the bubble growth process. ForRe = 3600, the maximum thickness of the almost wedge-shaped microlayer was obtained asδ ~ 3.5 μm for a vapour bubble of diameter 1.6 mm. Similarly, forRe = 6000, a maximum microlayer thickness ofδ ~ 2.5 μm was obtained for a bubble of diameter 1.1 mm.
Nearly one-in-five mothers avoid colostrum in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Liben Misgan Legesse , Yimer Nigus Bililign , Feleke Fentaw Wassie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Colostrum contains antibodies that protect the newborn against disease. Despite this fact, many Ethiopian mothers see colostrum feeding as a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. These mothers believe that colostrum must discard to alleviate this effect. However, the cause of this misconception about colostrum was not well researched, particularly in this study area. The main aim of the present study was to assess colostrum avoidance and associated factors among mothers having children aged 6–59 months in North Wollo Zone, Northeastern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. The prevalence of colostrum avoidance was 19 % (95 % CI 15⋅03, 22⋅89 %) among mother–child pair aged 6–59 months. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the most important predictors were breast-feeding initiation Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 6⋅369; 95 %, Confidence Interval (CI) (3⋅067, 13⋅224), pre-lacteal feeding AOR 3⋅464; 95 % CI (1⋅721, 6⋅973), shared household decision about child feeding AOR 3⋅585; 95 % CI (1⋅563, 7⋅226), Index child sex AOR 2⋅103; 95 % CI (1⋅015, 4⋅358) and health facility delivery AOR 3⋅033; 95 % CI (1⋅293, 7⋅117). The colostrum avoidance in the present study was 19 %. The study recommends the promotion of institutional delivery, timely initiation of breast-feeding, the shared household decisions about child feeding, avoiding sex preferences and stopping pre-lacteal feeding were critically important.
Supervised classification of slush and ponded water on Antarctic ice shelves using Landsat 8 imagery
Authors: Dell Rebecca L. , Banwell Alison F. , Willis Ian C. , Arnold Neil S. , Halberstadt Anna Ruth W. , Chudley Thomas R. , Pritchard Hamish D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurface meltwater is becoming increasingly widespread on Antarctic ice shelves. It is stored within surface ponds and streams, or within firn pore spaces, which may saturate to form slush. Slush can reduce firn air content, increasing an ice-shelf's vulnerability to break-up. To date, no study has mapped the changing extent of slush across ice shelves. Here, we use Google Earth Engine and Landsat 8 images from six ice shelves to generate training classes using a k-means clustering algorithm, which are used to train a random forest classifier to identify both slush and ponded water. Validation using expert elicitation gives accuracies of 84% and 82% for the ponded water and slush classes, respectively. Errors result from subjectivity in identifying the ponded water/slush boundary, and from inclusion of cloud and shadows. We apply our classifier to the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf for the entire 2013–20 Landsat 8 record. On average, 64% of all surface meltwater is classified as slush and 36% as ponded water. Total meltwater areal extent is greatest between late January and mid-February. This highlights the importance of mapping slush when studying surface meltwater on ice shelves. Future research will apply the classifier across all Antarctic ice shelves.
Validation of the INDDEX24 mobile app v. a pen-and-paper 24-hour dietary recall using the weighed food record as a benchmark in Burkina Faso
Authors: Rogers Beatrice , Somé Jérome W. , Bakun Peter , Adams Katherine P. , Bell Winnie , Carroll David Alexander , Wafa Sarah , Coates Jennie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEffective nutrition policies require timely, accurate individual dietary consumption data; collection of such information has been hampered by cost and complexity of dietary surveys and lag in producing results. The objective of this work was to assess accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a streamlined, tablet-based dietary data collection platform for 24-hour individual dietary recalls (24HR) administered using INDDEX24 platform v. a pen-and-paper interview(PAPI) questionnaire, with weighed food record (WFR) as a benchmark. This cross-sectional comparative study included women 18–49 years old from rural Burkina Faso (n 116 INDDEX24; n 115 PAPI). A WFR was conducted; the following day, a 24HR was administered by different interviewers. Food consumption data were converted into nutrient intakes. Validity of 24HR estimates of nutrient and food group consumption was based on comparison with WFR using equivalence tests (group level) and percentages of participants within ranges of percentage error (individual level). Both modalities performed comparably estimating consumption of macro- and micronutrients, food groups and quantities (modalities’ divergence from WFR not significantly different). Accuracy of both modalities was acceptable (equivalence to WFR significant at P < 0·05) at group level for macronutrients, less so for micronutrients and individual-level consumption (percentage within ±20 % for WFR, 17–45 % for macronutrients, 5–17 % for micronutrients). INDDEX24 was more cost-effective than PAPI based on superior accuracy of a composite nutrient intake measure (but not gram amount or item count) due to lower time and personnel costs. INDDEX24 for 24HR dietary surveys linked to dietary reference data shows comparable accuracy to PAPI at lower cost.
Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) under current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia
Authors: Amat E. , Altamiranda-Saavedra M. , Canal N. A. , Gómez-P L. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClimate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner, the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops, under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunction with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area's suitability for the fly is offered. According to the results, altitude is one of the main factors that direct the distribution of A. striata in the tropics. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to fly establishment as follows: 42 were high risk, 16 were intermediate risk, and 17 were low risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.
Radiation necrosis of the bone, cartilage or cervical soft-tissues following definitive high-precision radio(chemo)therapy for head-neck cancer: an uncommon and under-reported phenomenon
Authors: Gupta T , Maheshwari G , Gudi S , Chatterjee A , Phurailatpam R , Prabhash K , Budrukkar A , Ghosh-Laskar S , Agarwal J P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of modern high-precision conformal techniques on rare but highly morbid late complications of head and neck radiotherapy, such as necrosis of the bone, cartilage or soft-tissues, is not well described.MethodMedical records of head and neck cancer patients treated in prospective clinical trials of definitive high-precision radiotherapy were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with necrosis.ResultsTwelve of 290 patients (4.1 per cent) developed radiotherapy necrosis at a median interval of 4.5 months. There was no significant difference in baseline demographic (age, gender), disease (primary site, stage) and treatment characteristics (radiotherapy technique, total dose, fractionation) of patients developing radiotherapy necrosis versus those without necrosis. Initial management included antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents, tissue debridement and tracheostomy as appropriate followed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy and resective surgery for persistent symptoms in selected patients.ConclusionMultidisciplinary management is essential for the prevention, early diagnosis and successful treatment of radiotherapy necrosis of bone, cartilage or cervical soft tissues.
Patterns of care for octogenarian patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Iqbal M S , Navarro-Rodriguez C , Munro S , Ozalp B , Kelly C 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns of care for octogenarian head and neck cancer patients.MethodsAll newly diagnosed patients aged 80 years or older, who presented at our centre between June 2018 and October 2020, were included.ResultsThe total number of patients was 42. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5 (range, 4–9). The larynx was the most common subsite (n = 12). Twenty-nine patients (66 per cent) were diagnosed at disease stage IV. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology (86 per cent). Twenty-six patients (62 per cent) had radical treatment and 16 (38 per cent) had palliative treatment. The estimated six-month and one-year overall survival rates for the radical and palliative treatment cohorts were 92.3 per cent and 42.9 per cent (p = 0.001) and 65.4 per cent and 15.4 per cent (p = 0.003), respectively.ConclusionThis study provides useful information on octogenarian patients with head and neck cancer. This information may help in conducting prospective studies, especially those focusing on older patients with head and neck cancer, in order to define the ideal care of this patient population.
Unilateral declarations excluding bilateral relations under a multilateral treaty
Authors: Gaja Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBilateral relations between states which are parties to a multilateral treaty may not be governed by that treaty. This may depend on an agreement between the two states concerned, which could subject their bilateral relations to a different regime that is considered to suit their specific needs better. The exclusion of bilateral relations under the multilateral treaty may also be the consequence of a unilateral expression of the will of one of these states, for instance in view of its non-recognition of the other state. The present article seeks to examine the conditions under which bilateral relations may be excluded on the basis of the unilateral determination of one of the states concerned.
Streptococcus bovis-bacteremia: subspecies distribution and association with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Öberg Jonas , Rasmussen Magnus , Buchwald Pamela , Nilson Bo , Inghammar Malin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the incidence ofStreptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinuscomplex (SBSEC) bacteremia, distribution of the SBSEC subspecies, and their respective association with colorectal cancer (CRC). A population-based retrospective cohort study of all episodes of SBSEC-bacteremia from 2003 to 2018 in Skåne Region, Sweden. Subspecies was determined by whole-genome sequencing. Medical charts were reviewed. The association between subspecies and CRC were analysed using logistic regression. In total 266 episodes of SBSEC-bacteremia were identified and the average annual incidence was 2.0 per 100 000 inhabitants. Of the 236 isolates available for typing, the most common subspecies wasS. gallolyticussubsp.pasteurianus88/236 (37%) followed byS. gallolyticussubsp.gallolyticus58/236 (25%). In order to determine the risk of cancer following bacteremia, an incidence cohort of 174 episodes without a prior diagnosis of CRC or metastasised cancer was followed for 560 person-years. CRC was found in 13/174 (7%), of which 9 (69%) hadS. gallolyticussubsp.gallolyticus-bacteremia. In contrast to other European studies,S. gallolyticussubsp.pasteurianuswas the most common cause of SBSEC-bacteremia. CRC diagnosis after bacteremia was strongly associated withS. gallolyticussubsp.gallolyticus-bacteremia. Identification of SBSEC subspecies can guide clinical decision-making regarding CRC work-up following bacteremia.
Effects of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury on Verbal IQ: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cermak Carly A. , Scratch Shannon E. , Reed Nick P. , Kakonge Lisa , Beal Deryk S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectives:To examine the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on verbal IQ by severity and over time.Methods:A systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of verbal IQ by TBI severity were conducted using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis included two epochs of time (e.g., <12 months postinjury and ≥12 months postinjury).Results:Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria after an extensive literature search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and CINAHL. Meta-analysis revealed negative effects of injury across severities for verbal IQ and at both time epochs except for mild TBI < 12 months postinjury. Statistical heterogeneity (i.e., between-study variability) stemmed from studies with inconsistent classification of mild TBI, small sample sizes, and in studies of mixed TBI severities, although not significant. Risk of bias on estimated effects was generally low (k = 15) except for studies with confounding bias (e.g., lack of group matching by socio-demographics; k = 2) and measurement bias (e.g., outdated measure at time of original study, translated measure; k = 2).Conclusions:Children with TBI demonstrate long-term impairment in verbal IQ, regardless of severity. Future studies are encouraged to include scores from subtests within verbal IQ (e.g., vocabulary, similarities, comprehension) in addition to functional language measures (e.g., narrative discourse, reading comprehension, verbal reasoning) to elucidate higher-level language difficulties experienced in this population.
An Anglican Odyssey: The Ecumenical Vision of Canon David John Garland (1864–1939) OBE and his Hidden Christian Agenda for Anzac Day
Authors: Moses John A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is still much unclear about the nature of the origins of Australia’s most respected and hallowed national day, namely Anzac Day, 25 April, and about who was primarily responsible for instituting a day of solemn commemoration for the fallen in the Great War of 1914–18. Much has been written by mostly unqualified would-be ‘authorities’ that is either patently false, uninformed or hostile to the commemoration. This is either because of resentment in some quarters of the distinctly Anglican contribution to the nature of the commemoration or pacifist misunderstanding that the celebration of Anzac Day is somehow a glorification of war. This paper based on original research into the files of the Queensland Anzac Day Commemoration Committee establishes the key role of Canon David John Garland (1864–1939) in shaping a liturgy of civic religion for the day which he hoped would become a means of reminding the population of their calling as part of the British Empire to emphasize the reign of Almighty God over all nations of the earth. That was the hidden Christian agenda in the mind of Canon Garland. Naturally he had his opponents to this objective.
Adapting group schema therapy for older adults with personality disorders: lessons learnt
Authors: Videler A. C. , van Beest K. A. , Ouwens M. A. , Rossi G. , van Royen R. J. J. , van Alphen S. P. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA first empirical study into group schema therapy in older adults with mood disorders and personality disorder (PD) features has shown that brief group schema therapy has potential to decrease psychological distress and to change early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Effect sizes however were smaller than those found in similar studies in younger adults. Therefore, we set out to adapt the treatment protocol for older adults in order to enhance its feasibility and outcome in this age group. We examined this adapted protocol in 29 older adults (mean age 66 years) with PDs from four Dutch mental health institutes. The primary outcome was symptomatic distress, measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Secondary outcomes were measured by the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Schema Mode Inventory, and the short version of the Severity Indices of Personality Problems. Contrary to our expectations, the adapted treatment protocol yielded only a small effect size in our primary outcome, and no significant improvement in EMS, modes and personality functioning. Patients pointed out that they were more aware of their dysfunctional patterns, but maybe they had not been able yet to work on behavioural change due to this schema therapy treatment being too brief. We recommend more intensive treatment for older patients with PDs, as they might benefit from more schema therapy sessions, similar to the treatment dosage in younger PD patients. They might also benefit from a combination of group therapy and individual treatment sessions.Key learning aims(1)How to adapt group schema therapy for older adults.(2)How to explore feasibility and outcome.(3)Treat older personality disorder patients as intensively as younger adults.
Coupling Mineralogy and Oxygen Isotopes to Seasonal Environmental Shifts Recorded in Modern Freshwater Pearl Nacre From Kentucky Lake
Authors: Farfan G. A. , Zhou C. , Valley J. W. , Orland I. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiominerals that accrete shell or skeleton are commonly used as windows to past geochemical environments. Using biominerals as paleoproxies depends on the assumption that biominerals faithfully and predictably record environmental parameters, yet little has been done from a mineralogical perspective to understand how various environmental shifts impact shell and skeleton mineralogy and how mineralogy influences proxy calibrations. In this study, we correlate a suite of environmental data from the Kentucky Lake Long‐Term Monitoring Program with mineralogical and chemical signatures of modern cultured pearl nacre. Six transects were measured across three pearls from nucleus to edge for oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) using SIMS (10‐μm spots) and for mineralogy via nacre tablet thickness using SEM and via carbonate bonding environments using Raman spectroscopy. After confirming a strong seasonal correlation between δ18O and temperature, we extend δ18O correlations to relative nacre OH/O ratios, lake dissolved oxygen, and lake light levels at 1 m depth. Although nacre tablet thicknesses are not clearly correlated with temperature, we observe correlative trends with lake conductivity and relative nacre OH/O ratios. For the Raman spectroscopy measurements, there was a modest inverse correlation between increasing carbonate ν1 and ν4 vibrational mode peak heights with δ18O and lake dissolved oxygen levels. Standard deviations in Raman T:L peak area ratios, as an estimation of angle spread of tablet crystallographic orientation, correlate with lake reduction potential. This approach of combining geochemical, isotopic, mineralogical, and environmental data lends a more holistic view to biomineralization in natural systems and to the decoding of environmental mineral signatures.
Turbulent Thermal Image Velocimetry at the Immediate Fire and Atmospheric Interface
Authors: Katurji Marwan , Zhang Jiawei , Satinsky Ashley , McNair Hamish , Schumacher Benjamin , Strand Tara , Valencia Andres , Finney Mark , Pearce Grant , Kerr Jessica , Seto Daisuke , Wallace Hugh , Zawar‐Reza Peyman , Dunker Christina , Clifford Veronica , Melnik Katharine , Grumstrup Torben , Forthofer Jason , Clements Craig 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present novel in‐field vegetation fire observations and the analyses using brightness temperatures recorded by longwave infrared camera and thermal image velocimetry. The brightness temperatures from a wind‐driven stubble wheat fire were obtained with a 60 frames per second (fps) video acquisition. Multi‐level sonic anemometers on a 10m in‐fire tower were used for measurements of turbulent velocity and air temperatures, while fuel level air and flame temperatures were collected by an array of thermocouples (TCs). The camera's image pixel resolution was adequate to discern thermal structures in accordance with the in‐fire TC measurements and its spacing distances. The in‐situ and remotely measured flaming zone dynamics were derived using two different methodologies, Thermal Image Velocimetry (TIV) and Image Segmentation (IS). The results highlight spatial and spectral information of coherent turbulent and mean velocity structures. The power spectra decomposition of the TIV showed similar spectral characteristics to the sonic speed measurements during the fire passage under the tower with a similar inertial subrange slope. This result reveals plausible evidence of interaction between the flaming zone and wind turbulence for a prescribed rapidly moving stubble wheat fire. This research presents a new field measurement methodology for understanding fire‐atmospheric interactions between the flaming zone and the immediate overlying atmospheric turbulent boundary layer.