bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequacy of nutrient intake among adolescent girls in south central Ethiopia
Authors: Yilma Beza , Endris Bilal S. , Mengistu Yalemwork G. , Sisay Binyam G. , Gebreyesus Seifu H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Adolescent undernutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Inadequate dietary intake of nutrients is the major determinants of undernutrition. However, the adequacy of dietary intake among adolescents was not sufficiently explored. The present study aims to estimate the inadequacy of nutrient intake among adolescent girls in south central Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. We assess food and nutrient intake using repeated multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall. The study was conducted in Damot Gale district, Woliyta zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 288 female adolescents. The majority of adolescent girls consumed cereals (96⋅9 %) and roots/tubers (75⋅3 %). However, only less than 1 % of them consumed flesh food. The mean energy, carbohydrate, protein and dietary fibre intake of the adolescent girls per day was 1452⋅7 ± 356⋅3 kcal, 305⋅6 ± 72⋅4 g, 35⋅7 ± 13⋅3 g and 18⋅6 ± 8⋅4 g, respectively. The median fat intake was 13⋅3 g (IQR 8⋅8, 19⋅8). The contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat for the total energy was 80, 10 and 8 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake of protein was 60⋅9 %. The prevalence of inadequate intake of iron for early adolescents and late adolescents was 82 and 53 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake of folate was 83⋅9 % and zinc was 58 %. The prevalence of inadequate intake was greater than 90 % for vitamin B12, vitamin C and calcium. The present study found an alarmingly high prevalence of inadequate intake of some nutrients among adolescent girls of Damot Gale district.
Market Segmentation and Dynamic Analysis of Sparkling Wine Purchases in Italy
Authors: Bassi Francesca , Pennoni Fulvia , Rossetto Luca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Italian market of sparkling wines increases as volume and assortment (such as brands, appellations, typologies) mainly because of sparkling Prosecco consumption. We investigate the repeated purchase behavior of sparkling wines in two years within the supermarket channel through scanner data collected from a consumer panel. We propose a Hidden Markov Model to analyze these data, assuming an unobservable process to capture consumers’ preferences and allowing us to consider purchases sparsity over time. We consider multivariate responses defining types of purchases, namely price, appellation, and sugar content. Customers’ covariates influence the initial and transition probabilities of the latent process. We identify five market segments, and we track their evolution over time. One segment includes Prosecco-oriented consumers, and we show that loyalty to Prosecco changes strongly over time according to the region of residence, income, and family type. The findings improve the understanding of the market and may provide evidence to design successful marketing strategies. (JEL Classifications: C33, C51, D12, L66)
Effect of baseline physical activity on the fat gain of adolescents in a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Authors: Tang Hong K. , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDifferences in physical activity (PA) might lead to long-term weight control. Studies on inverse relations between PA and changes in fatness among adolescents are limited. This paper examined the effect of PA on adolescents’ changing body fatness over 5 years in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Two hundred thirty-five boys and 247 girls who have had skinfold thickness measurements in the baseline survey in 2004 were selected to follow yearly. We estimated PA as the average number of accelerometers’ counts/h. Slopes of triceps, sub-scapular skinfolds and BMI were calculated and classified as increasing or stable/decreasing. To assess the effects of the low level of activity (i.e. below the median of the average number of counts) on the fat gain (i.e. increasing slopes), relative risk and 95 % CI were estimated using Poisson regression. The average number of counts/h in boys (7·8) was significantly higher than that in girls (5·0) (P < 0·001). On average, active girls still gained 0·51 mm in triceps skinfold (TSF) over 5 years, while active boys lost 0·12 mm. After controlling for baseline energy intake, baseline triceps and baseline age, inactive adolescents were 1·39 times higher than active ones to increase the slope of triceps (95 % CI 1·19, 1·63). The risk ratio was 1·62 for those with more body fat at baseline. In general, inactive students gained substantially more subcutaneous fat, especially in their TSF, than more active ones. Thus, strategies to prevent adolescent obesity in HCMC should consider the important role of PA to control this problem in adolescents effectively.
Virulence of the insect-pathogenic fungiMetarhiziumspp. to Mormon crickets,Anabrus simplex(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Rangel Drauzio E. N. , Bignayan Helen G. , Golez Hernani G. , Keyser Chad A. , Evans Edward W. , Roberts Donald W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Mormon cricket (MC),Anabrus simplexHaldeman, 1852 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), has a long and negative history with agriculture in Utah and other western states of the USA. MostA. simplexpopulations migrate in large groups, and their feeding can cause significant damage to forage plants and cultivated crops. Chemical pesticides are often applied, but some settings (e.g. habitats of threatened and endangered species) call for non-chemical control measures. Studies in Africa, South America, and Australia have assessed certain isolates ofMetarhizium acridumas very promising pathogens for Orthoptera: Acrididae (locust) biocontrol. In the current study, two isolates ofMetarhizium robertsii, one isolate ofMetarhizium brunneum, one isolate ofMetarhizium guizhouense, and three isolates ofM. acridumwere tested for infectivity to MC nymphs and adults of either sex. Based on the speed of mortality,M. robertsii(ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575) andM. brunneum(ARSEF 7711) were the most virulent to instars 2 to 5 MC nymphs.M. guizhouense(ARSEF 7847) from Arizona was intermediate and theM. acridumisolates (ARSEF 324, 3341, and 3609) were the slowest killers. ARSEF 2575 was also the most virulent to instar 6 and 7 nymphs and adults of MC. All of the isolates at the conidial concentration of 1 × 107conidia ml−1induced approximately 100% mortality by 6 days post application of fungal conidia. In conclusion, isolates ARSEF 23, ARSEF 2575, and ARSEF 7711 acted most rapidly to kill MC under laboratory conditions. TheM. acridumisolates, however, have much higher tolerance to heat and UV-B radiation, which may be critical to their successful use in field application.
Lived Experience of Emergency Health Care Utilization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Smith Erin , Hill Michella , Anderson Cameron , Sim Moira , Miles Alecka , Reid David , Mills Brennen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction:As the understanding of health care worker lived experience during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) grows, the experiences of those utilizing emergency health care services (EHS) during the pandemic are yet to be fully appreciated.Study Objective:The objective of this research was to explore lived experience of EHS utilization in Victoria, Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 through March 2021.Methods:An explorative qualitative design underpinned by a phenomenological approach was applied. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach.Results:Qualitative data were collected from 67 participants aged from 32 to 78-years-of-age (average age of 52). Just over one-half of the research participants were male (54%) and three-quarters lived in metropolitan regions (75%). Four key themes emerged from data analysis: (1) Concerns regarding exposure and infection delayed EHS utilization among participants with chronic health conditions; (2) Participants with acute health conditions expressed concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their care, but continued to access services as required; (3) Participants caring for people with sensory and developmental disabilities identified unique communication needs during interactions with EHS during the COVID-19 pandemic; communicating with emergency health care workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) was identified as a key challenge, with face masks reported as especially problematic for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing; and (4) Children and older people also experienced communication challenges associated with PPE, and the need for connection with emergency health care workers was important for positive lived experience during interactions with EHS throughout the pandemic.Conclusion:This research provides an important insight into the lived experience of EHS utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic, a perspective currently lacking in the published peer-reviewed literature.
Constraints on Crustal P Wave Structure With Leaking Mode Dispersion Curves
Authors: Li Zhengbo , Shi Caiwang , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClassic surface wave imaging relies mainly on the dispersion of Rayleigh waves or Love waves. In addition to these types of waves, waveforms that arrive prior to the S wave also exhibit dispersion. These early dispersed waves are controlled mainly by the leaking modes and are rarely used for imaging. We applied the frequency‐Bessel transform method to waveforms that arrive before the S wave and successfully extracted multiple leaking mode dispersion curves. The extracted “0th” mode shows continuous sensitivity to S wave velocity (Vs) and mass density structure whereas the “higher” modes behave more like surface waves that are sensitive to P wave velocity (Vp) structure in the crust. Thus, the “higher” modes can be used to invert the Vp structure, which can compensate for the fact that conventional surface wave imaging methods are mainly sensitive to Vs structure.
Empirical Selection of Auroral Kilometric Radiation During a Multipoint Remote Observation With Wind and Cassini
Authors: Waters J. E. , Jackman C. M. , Lamy L. , Cecconi B. , Whiter D. K. , Bonnin X. , Issautier K. , Fogg A. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAuroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is terrestrial radio emission that originates in particle acceleration regions along magnetic field lines, coinciding with discrete auroral arcs. AKR viewing geometry is complex due to the confinement of the source regions to nightside local times (LTs) and the anisotropy of the beaming pattern, so observations are highly dependent on spacecraft viewing position. We present a novel, empirical technique that selects AKR emission from observations made with the spin‐axis aligned antenna of the Wind/WAVES instrument, based on the rapidly varying amplitude of AKR across spacecraft spin timescales. We apply the technique to Wind/WAVES data during 1999 day of year 227–257, when the Cassini spacecraft flew past Earth and provided an opportunity to observe AKR from two remote locations. We examine the AKR flux and power, with observations made from LTs of 1700–0300 hr having an average power up to 104 Wsr‐1 larger than those on the dayside and an increasing AKR power observed at higher magnetic latitudes. We perform a linear cross‐correlation between the Wind AKR power and the spacecraft magnetic latitude, showing positive then negative correlation as Wind travels from the Northern to Southern magnetic hemisphere. Statistically significant diurnal modulations are found in the whole 30‐day period and in subsets of the data covering different local time sectors, indicative of a predominantly geometrical effect for remote AKR viewing. The reproduction of well‐known features of the AKR verifies the empirical selection and shows the promise of its application to Wind/WAVES observations.
The Resolvable Scales of Regional‐Scale CO2 Transport in the Context of Imperfect Meteorology: The Predictability of CO2 in a Limited‐Area Model
Authors: Kim Jinwoong , Polavarapu Saroja M. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Chan Douglas , Neish Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransport model error is an important source of uncertainty when estimating surface CO2 fluxes via an atmospheric model inversion. In this study, the transport error due to uncertainty of meteorological fields is investigated with a high resolution, limited‐area model. We characterize the extent to which errors in meteorological initial conditions (ICs) and lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) impact the quality of atmospheric CO2 transport across spatial scales. A series of experiments is conducted using different meteorological ICs and LBCs that possess varying levels of accuracy. We find that the transport error of CO2 is more sensitive to errors in meteorology at smaller scales O(10 km) than at larger scales O(1,000 km), and that surface CO2 fluxes can explain the predictability of CO2 at the largest scales. We also determine the spatial scales resolvable in the context of uncertain meteorology. These findings have implications for the development of regional‐scale inverse modeling systems. When assimilating CO2 observations near the surface, using accurate meteorological ICs is important for resolving fine‐scale spatial variability of CO2 because CO2 transport at lower levels is more sensitive to meteorological ICs and surface CO2 fluxes than to meteorological LBCs. However, when assimilating aircraft CO2 measurements or XCO2 satellite retrievals which contain information at higher altitudes, using accurate meteorological LBCs is also important. Improvement in meteorological inputs through a data assimilation system could be helpful in further resolving finer spatial scales of CO2 at regional scales.
Changes of Atmospheric CO2 in the Tibetan Plateau From 1994 to 2019
Authors: Liu Shuo , Feng Zhaozhong , Lin Hongwei , Liu Peng , Liang Miao , Qing Xuemei , Xiong Haoyu , Qiu Shanshan , Li Jiaxin , Jiang Kai , Hong Haixiang , Fang Shuangxi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe importance of carbon neutrality and green development rose sharply in the post‐pandemic era in China. This study investigated the long‐term variability of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in China using CO2 records from Mount Waliguan (WLG), the only global station of World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch in Eurasia, covering a 26‐year period (1994–2019). Overall, the atmospheric CO2 mole fraction increased continuously and steadily with a growth rate of 2.15 ± 0.01 ppm yr−1 over 1994–2019 at WLG. The average CO2 mole fraction was only 359.9 ± 0.04 ppm in 1994, but reached a historic level of 414.9 ± 0.04 ppm by 2019. The mean growth rates in city sectors (data from the city regions) were slightly higher than that in the Tibetan Plateau. The seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 at WLG was lower than those at adjacent regional stations, such as Lin'an, and Shangdianzi, but larger those at global stations Mauna Loa and Minamitorishima. Potential strong source regions moved from urban areas to the southwest region away from WLG, suggesting the potential emergence of Northern India as a strong CO2 source region. The area of potential CO2 sources at WLG prominently expanded with time, reflecting the effect of more intensifying anthropogenic emissions in recent decades. Although numerous measures for carbon emission reduction have already been implemented, it is clear that much work, e.g., carbon emission estimation, sources/sinks tracing, cleaner energy technologies, remains to be done in order to achieve carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality set by the Chinese government.
Post‐Drought Groundwater Storage Recovery in California's Central Valley
Authors: Alam Sarfaraz , Gebremichael Mekonnen , Ban Zhaoxin , Scanlon Bridget R. , Senay Gabriel , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGroundwater depletion is a major threat to agricultural and municipal water supply in California's Central Valley. Recent droughts during 2007–2009 and 2012–2016 exacerbated chronic groundwater depletion. However, it is unclear how much groundwater storage recovered from drought‐related overdrafts during post‐drought years, and how climatic conditions and water management affected recovery times. We estimated groundwater storage change in the Central Valley for April 2002 through September 2019 using four methods: GRACE satellite data, a water balance approach, a hydrologic simulation model, and monitoring wells. We also evaluated the sensitivity of drought recovery to different climate scenarios (recent climate ± droughts and future climate change scenarios: 20 GCMs and 2 RCPs) using water balance method and statistical sampling of historical climate data. Estimated Central Valley groundwater loss during the two droughts ranged from 19 km3 (2007–2009) to 28 km3 (2012–2016) (median of four methods). Median aquifer storage recovery was 34% and 19% of the overdraft during the 2010–2011 and 2017–2019 post‐drought years, respectively. Numerical experiments show that recovery times are sensitive to climate forcing, with longer recovery times for a future climate scenario that replicate historical climatology relative to historical forcing with no droughts. Overdraft recovery times decrease by ∼2× with implementation of pumping restrictions (30th to 50th percentiles of historical groundwater depletion) to constrain groundwater depletion relative to no restrictions with a no‐drought future climatology. This study highlights the importance of considering water management implications for future drought recoveries within the context of climate change scenarios.
Water‐Mineral Reactions in a Translated Single Realistic Fracture: Consequences for Contaminant Uptake by Matrix Diffusion
Authors: Trinchero Paolo , Iraola Aitor , Bruines Patrick , Gylling Björn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe use a realistic fracture along with pore‐scale reactive transport simulations to investigate the impact of fracture filling minerals and water‐mineral reactions on in‐plane groundwater flow patterns and on contaminant uptake by matrix diffusion. The results of the simulations show that sparsely distributed fracture filling calcite patches provide a significant buffering capacity against the infiltration of acidic water. The advance of the geochemical perturbation is characterized by channeling, which is partly smeared out when low Peclet numbers are used. Mineral patches have a significant impact on groundwater flow patterns as shown by the computed distributions of groundwater travel time, which are characterized by long tails. The ability of the fracture to retain contaminants by uptake due to matrix diffusion is investigated by means of two metrics: the Eulerian quantity denoted as F‐factor and the Lagrangian variable known as transport resistance. F‐factor is shown to provide an average single estimate of the bulk retention capacity of the fracture whereas transport resistance is characterized by a distribution, whose very long tail is related to streamlines forced to travel through very narrow throats. A reduction of up to 70% in the mean travel time and 85% in the mean transport resistance is observed as a consequence of geochemical dissolution reactions, which also lead to an overall reduction of their variability.
ZNF545 loss promotes ribosome biogenesis and protein translation to initiate colorectal tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Wong Chi Chun , Zhang Yanquan , Huang Junzhe , Li Chuangen , Zhai Jianning , Wang Guoping , Wei Hong , Zhang Xueji , He Housheng Hansen , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRibosome biogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis by supporting robust protein translation. We investigate the functional and molecular mechanism of Zinc finger protein 545 (ZNF545), a transcriptional repressor for ribosomal RNA (rRNA), in colorectal cancer (CRC). ZNF545 was silenced in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001), implying a tumor-suppressive role. Colon-specificZnf545knockout in mice accelerated CRC inApcMin/+and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced CRC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ZNF545 uses its two zinc finger clusters to bind to minimal rDNA promoter, where it assembled transcriptional repressor complex by interacting with KAP1.Znf545deletion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts not only increased rRNA transcription rate and the nucleolar size and number but also altered the nucleolar composition and architecture with an increased number of fibrillar centers surrounded by net-like dense fibrillar components. Consequently,Znf545deletion promoted the gene expression of translation machinery, protein translation, and cell growth. Consistent with its tumor-suppressive role, ZNF545 overexpression in CRC cells induced growth arrest and apoptosis. Finally, administration of rRNA synthesis inhibitor, CX-5461, inhibited CRC development inZnf545Δ/ΔApcMin/+mice. In conclusion, ZNF545 suppresses CRC through repressing rRNA transcription and protein translation. Targeting rRNA biosynthesis in ZNF545-silenced tumors is a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the NAC transcription factor family in sunflower during salt and drought stress
Authors: Li Wenhui , Zeng Youling , Yin Fangliu , Wei Ran , Mao Xiaofei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2), is a large family of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that exert crucial regulatory roles in various physiological processes and abiotic stresses. There is scanty information on the role of the NAC family in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In this study, we conducted a genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the NAC family in sunflower. A total of 150 HaNACs were identified in sunflower. Phylogenetic analysis to compare HaNACs with Arabidopsis NACs generated 15 clusters. Among them, eight membrane-bound NAC TFs with transmembrane helixes were found (designated as NTLs), which were suggested to be localized in the membrane and transferred to the nucleus through proteolysis. Notably, 12 HaNACs were potentially regulated via miR164 cleavage or translational inhibition. By analyzing RNA-seq data from Sequence Read Archive (SRA), the expression of HaNACs showed tissue specificity and strong response to drought stress. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of 150 HaNACs with the previously reported NACs related to abiotic stress revealed that 75% of the abiotic stress-related NACs were clustered into the SNAC (abiotic stress-related NAC) group, and only 25% were in the Non-SNAC group. qRT-PCR further demonstrated that about 75% of the HaNACs in the SNAC subgroup were induced by salt and drought stress, and the expression of some HaNACs showed tissue specificity. These findings provide valuable information that can deepen the understanding of how NAC TFs in sunflower respond to abiotic stress.