bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of thalassemia among the hill tribe population in Thailand
Authors: Apidechkul Tawatchai , Yeemard Fartima , Chomchoei Chalitar , Upala Panupong , Tamornpark Ratipark 
Published: February 2021

Background
Thalassemia is a severe disease that occurs due to abnormalities in hemoglobin genes. Various genetic factors in different populations lead to different clinical manifestations of thalassemia disease, particularly among people who have a long history of migration and who have married among tribes, such as the hill tribe people in Thailand. This genetic epidemiological study aimed to estimate the prevalence of various forms of thalassemia among the six main hill tribe populations in Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information and blood specimens from school children belonging to one of the six main hill tribes in Thailand: Akha, Lau, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. Hill tribe children who were attending grades 4–6 in 13 selected schools in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, were invited to participate in the study. A validated questionnaire and 3 mL blood specimens were collected after obtaining information consent forms from both the children and their parents on a voluntary basis. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed, followed by osmotic fragility (OF) and dichlorophenol indophenol precipitation (DCIP) tests to screen for thalassemia. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to identify hemoglobin type and α-thalassemia, respectively. A t-test, chi-square and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at the significance level of α = 0.05.

Results
A total of 1,200 participants from 6 different tribes were recruited for the study; 50.0% were males, and 67.3% were aged 11–12 years. The overall prevalence of thalassemia carriers according to the screening tests was 9.8% (117 of 1,200). Among the cases, 83 were A2A (59 cases were α-thalassemia 1 carrier or α-thalassemia 2 carrier or homozygous α-thalassemia 2, and 24 cases were β-thalassemia trait with or without α-thalassemia); 1 case was EE (homozygous Hb E with or without α-thalassemia); 31 cases were EA (30 cases were the Hb E trait, and 1 case was Hb E trait with or without α-thalassemia); 1 case was A2A Bart’s H (Hb H disease α-thalassemia 1/α-thalassemia 2); and 1 case was A2A with abnormal Hb. The prevalence of the α-thalassemia 1 trait among the hill tribe population was 2.5%. The greatest prevalence of the α-thalassemia 1 trait was found in the Karen (3.0%) and Hmong (3.0%) tribes.

Conclusions
The prevalence of some forms of thalassemia in the hill tribe population is higher than that in the Thai and other populations. Effective and available thalassemia screening tests, including essential information to protect the next generation through the specific counseling clinic, are crucial, particularly due to increasing marriages within these populations.
Surrogate based continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement
Authors: Pielmus Alexandru-Gabriel , Mühlstef Jens , Bresch Erik , Glos Martin , Jungen Christiane , Mieke Stefan , Orglmeister Reinhold , Schulze Andreas , Stender Birgit , Voigt Verena , Zaunseder Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arterial blood pressure is one of the most often measured vital parameters in clinical practice. State-of-the-art noninvasive ABP measurement technologies have noticeable limitations and are mainly based on uncomfortable techniques of complete or partial arterial occlusion by cuffs. Most commonplace devices provide only intermittent measurements, and continuous systems are bulky and difficult to apply correctly for nonprofessionals. Continuous cuffless ABP measurements are still an unmet clinical need and a topic of ongoing research, with only few commercially available devices. This paper discusses surrogate-based noninvasive blood pressure measurement techniques. It covers measurement methods of continuously and noninvasively inferring BP from surrogate signals without applying external pressures, except for reference or initialization purposes. The BP is estimated by processing signal features, so called surrogates, which are modulated by variations of BP. Discussed techniques include well-known approaches such as pulse transit time and pulse arrival time techniques, pulse wave analysis or combinations thereof. Despite a long research history, these methods have not found widespread use in clinical and ambulatory practice, in part due to technical limitations and the lack of a standardized regulatory framework. This work summarizes findings from an invited workshop of experts in the fields covering clinical expertise, engineering aspects, commercialization and standardization issues. The goal is to provide an application driven outlook, starting with clinical needs, and extending to technical actuality. It provides an outline of recommended research directions and includes a detailed overview of clinical use case scenarios for these technologies, opportunities, and limitations.
Gonadotropin levels reduced in seven days immobilization stress-induced depressive-like behavior in female rats
Authors: Sahin Zafer , Ozkurkculer Alpaslan , Kalkan Omer Faruk , Bulmus Funda Gulcu , Bulmus Ozgur , Kutlu Selim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Reproduction is one of the physiological functions that are often negatively affected by chronic stress. We aimed to examine effects of two distinct 7-day chronic immobilization stress (IMO) models on gonadotropins levels and depression-like behaviors in female rats.

Methods
Adult Wistar albino female rats were divided into three groups as follows (n=7 for each group): control, IMO-1 (45 min daily for 7-day) and IMO-2 (45 min twice a day for 7-day). Neuropsychiatric behaviors were determined by using forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Gonadotropins were analyzed using ELISA tests.

Results
In FST, swimming was lower, and immobility was higher in the IMO-1 group and IMO--2 group. Climbing score of the IMO-2 group was higher compared to the control group. In OFT, there was no significant alteration in the mean velocity, total distance, duration of time spent in the central area and duration of latency in the central area between the stress groups and the control group. Final body weight and percentage of body weight change were lower in both stress groups. The follicle-stimulating hormone level was lower only in the IMO-2 group, and the luteinizing hormone concentrations were significantly lower in the IMO-1 group and IMO-2 group.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that depression-like behaviors increased, and gonadotropins decreased in the female rats exposed to 7-day chronic IMO.
Distribution and behavior of fission product 95Nb in FLiBe salt
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Wang Xiaohe , Zhao Zhongqi , Geng Junxia , Hu Jifeng , Chen Jingen , Cai Xiangzhou , Li Wenxin , Dou Qiang , Li Qingnuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 235,238UF4 was irradiated by photo-neutrons, distribution and behavior of the fission product 95Nb from irradiated 235,238UF4 in FLiBe salt were investigated by the measurement of its activity in the salt with the γ-ray spectroscopy. The experiments indicated that a part of 95Nb deposited on the surfaces of graphite and Hastelloy, as the moderator and the structural materials of molten salt reactor (MSR), respectively, and the majority of 95Nb maintained in molten salt. Addition of lithium metal made 95Nb in salt to be reduced and settled, leading to the decrease in its activity. Degree of the decrease was found to be correlated with niobium concentration. The experimental results supported the statement proposed early by ORNL, that 95Nb might be used as a redox indicator for MSR. Finally, the problem met with on-site monitoring for redox potential in MSR was pointed, and a possible protocol to resolve the problem was proposed.
IVF or ICSI for fertility preservation?
Authors: Aggarwal Bhorika , Evans Amanda L , Ryan Howard , Martins da Silva Sarah J 
Published: February 2021

Lay summary
In IVF, eggs and sperm are added together for fertilisation to occur whereas ICSI involves injecting a single sperm into each egg. ICSI is very effective where sperm count or swimming is poor (male infertility) but is slightly riskier than IVF in terms of health problems in children, although these risks are small. However, the risk of no eggs fertilising is higher for IVF compared to ICSI and couples undertaking fertility preservation, for example, before cancer treatment, usually only have time for one attempt. Using fertility preservation treatment cycle data reported to Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), this study shows that ICSI results in higher number of fertilised eggs and embryos for storage or treatment compared to IVF. However, 19% of eggs are not used in ICSI treatment, so IVF appears to be better overall. Clinics should choose IVF or ICSI for fertility preservation depending on sperm characteristics rather than using ICSI for all.
Evaluación de lesiones de la columna cervical en pacientes con politraumatismos, en el Servicio de Urgencias
Authors: Frank Sofía , Cavallaro Romina , Sánchez Sergio , Tulli Alberto , Griglio Alejandro , Koll Federico 
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Tradicionalmente se ha recurrido al examen clínico-neurológico y a los estudios por imágenes para identificar lesiones de la columna cervical en pacientes con politraumatismos. En diferentes centros de trauma, la evaluación inicial de estos pacientes incluye un examen clínico-neurológico más radiografías obligatorias, independientemente de una semiología normal, en un paciente despierto y consciente. Esto se debe a la creencia de que el examen clínico es insuficiente para detectar estas lesiones.
Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal y observacional para determinar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la evaluación clínica para el diagnóstico de lesiones de la columna cervical comparadas con las de los estudios por imágenes, en un período de 22 meses, en un Servicio de Urgencias.
Resultados: Durante este período, se asistió a 127 pacientes. El examen físico neurológico fue normal en 101 pacientes, ninguno tenía una lesión constatada en las radiografías o las imágenes tomográficas. Veintiséis pacientes refirieron dolor a la palpación de las apófisis espinosas; en 6 de ellos, se constató una lesión de la columna cervical con la tomografía. La sensibilidad del examen físico fue del 100% y la especificidad, del 83%. La tasa de falsos positivos fue del 17% y no se registró ningún falso negativo.
Conclusiones: Los datos de este estudio demuestran que la mayoría de los estudios por imágenes, radiografías o tomografías computarizadas podrían disminuirse, sin perder la sensibilidad del diagnóstico de lesiones de la columna cervical, reduciendo así los costos de la atención.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Violencia contra las mujeres y femicidio
Authors: Piedra Durán Marcela 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo es producto del proyecto de investigación “El femicidio: la máxima expresión de la violencia contra las mujeres”, tiene como objetivo visibilizar la violencia contra las mujeres y el femicidio como resultado de las desigualdades de poder generadas y legitimadas por las estructuras patriarcales. Es resultado de la recopilación de información teórica y estadística, que demuestran la importancia del análisis del femicidio como un asunto de interés público y la necesidad de ser incorporado de manera integral en todas las políticas de prevención de la violencia que se desarrollen en Costa Rica.
Aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico en Costa Rica: El caso de los Acueductos Municipales
Authors: Hernandez Cruz Orlando Josue , Fernandez Ramirez Marie Laura 
Published: February 2021

El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer los resultados sobre el aprovechamiento del recurso hídrico por parte de los acueductos municipales en Costa Rica. Estos resultados son parte de una investigación que se realizó como seminario de graduación para la Escuela de Administración Pública. Aunque se reconoce la importancia de siempre tener presente el concepto de la gestión integral del recurso hídrico, en esta oportunidad se presentan solo los resultados sobre el aprovechamiento en función de la cobertura y cantidad, la calidad y el costo, y la cultura hídrica.
De los resultados principales, se resalta una cobertura limitada para estos acueductos municipales, la falta de mejoras en la medición para determinar el aprovechamiento real del recurso hídrico y, aunque se cuenta con buenos estándares de calidad, hace falta mejorar las tarifas y cobros para dar sostenibilidad a los sistemas de acueductos. En cuanto a cultura hídrica, se tienen resultados interesantes donde se denotan avances importantes tanto por parte de los acueductos municipales, así como en relación con el involucramiento de la ciudadanía.
En conclusiones, faltan detalles por afinar en los acueductos municipales en cuanto al modelo de gestión, sin embargo, se debe tomar con mucha seriedad realizar inversiones en infraestructura, redefinición de la manera con la que se calculan y/o recaudan las tarifas para poder dar sostenibilidad, además de adquirir instrumentos de medición que permitan dar cuenta del aprovechamiento real que se tiene de este recurso.
Restauración y reciclaje del Centro de Documentación Adolfo López Mateos: Análisis del proceso constructivo y de equipamiento
Authors: Ramírez Aceves Merizanda , Mejía López Marcos , Morales-Fajardo María Esther 
Published: February 2021

Los centros de documentación son espacios difusores de la información organizada y especializada para usuarios. Sin embargo, tanto la adecuada planeación como la edificación de estos espacios no cuentan con una normativa específica en México. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las características que deberían cumplir y el proceso constructivo que dio origen al Centro de Documentación Presidente Adolfo López Mateos de la UAEMéx. El texto revisa la literatura especializada en centros de documentación, también considera dos propuestas de restauración y reciclaje de edificios históricos para detallar el proceso constructivo y de equipamiento de estos recintos documentales. Se concluye que este centro de documentación debería constituir y difundir un fondo documental especializado, no sólo producido por la propia institución, sino también promover la docencia, la investigación y otros servicios documentales. Además, las técnicas de restauración y reciclaje empleadas permitieron el uso eficiente del espacio que actualmente ocupa. De igual manera, se defiende la idea de aplicar estos métodos provenientes de la arquitectura antes de la construcción de espacios nuevos.
EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND AND ACID PRETREATMENTS DURING DEHYDRATION ON QUALITY PROPERTIES OF QUINCE
Authors: Sohrabpour Sepideh , Yadegari Mozhgan , Kenari Reza Esmaeilzade 
Published: February 2021

Several methods are employed to remove the moisture from organic or non-organic materials, in a variety of industrial applications. Among all, dehydration of fruits is an alternative to decline post-harvest loss of fruits and also a process to produce dried fruits, which can be directly consumed or become part of foodstuffs like cakes, and many others. In particular, drying provokes a series of changes in materials, such as oxidation, browning, or loss of nutritional-functional properties. Ultrasound is famous to have a significant effect on the rate of various processes. Quince is a fruit which is rich in polyphenols, organic acids, and amino acids with important health benefits. The present study examined the effect of ultrasound and blanching pre- treatments prior to convective drying on quality properties of dehydrated quince slices. A completely randomized design was used to address the effect of time of sonication (10−30 min), temperature (40−60°C), and anti-browning agents including acetic, citric, and ascorbic acids as well as distilled water on quality properties of dehydrated quince slices. The obtained results revealed that the shortest drying time (270.33±35.59 min) and the highest total phenolic content (57.29±12.72 mg GAE/ml) were recorded for samples exposed to the ascorbic acid solution. Comparison of the pre-treated and control samples indicated that the highest rehydration ratio (2.75±0.29 %) was achieved by blanched samples in acetic acid solution. The use of citric acid solution led to the highest score in the taste (3.45±1.1), color (3.84±0.9), and texture (3.47±1.02) of quince slices on the basis of a 5- point hedonic scale. The obtained results depended on both ultrasound and the type of blanching solution. Citric and acetic acid samples indicated the highest values of the sensory evaluation and water loss, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF PLANT PROTEINS ON THE FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NOUGAT
Authors: Gordiienko L. , Tolstykh V. , Avetisian K 
Published: February 2021

This paper considers the problem of increasing the nutritional value of whipped confectionery such as nougat by using hemp- based and soya-based protein-containing ingredients. The main tendencies of obtaining new types of food based on plant proteins with complete amino acid composition are described. The paper presents information on cultivating and using hemp and soya both in Ukraine and in the world, and suggests how products of their processing can be applied to improve the quality and increase the biological value of confectionery. It has been investigated what effect protein-containing ingredients obtained from hemp and soya have on the structural properties of foam in the technology of whipped confectionery such as nougat. It has been established that increasing the amount of plant protein additives leads to a decrease in the foaming ability, but the stability of protein foams increases. Adding 10% of protein-containing hemp additives increases the foam stability by 6%, while protein-containing soya additives increase it by 5%. The paper presents the results of studying the structural and rheological properties of nougat mass with protein-containing plant additives in the amount 2.5–10% of the weight of sugar. It has been determined that adding protein-containing hemp and soya ingredients increases the viscosity and plastic strength of the products and stabilises their structure. The effect of different amounts of nuts on the kinetics of nougat crystallisation has been studied. It is recommended to add 5% of hemp and 7.5% of soya protein-containing additives instead of sugar during the whipping of nougat mass, because it reduces the whipping time and has a positive effect on structure formation. The recommended amount of roasted pistachio kernels in the samples suggested is 25–35% of the total weight of nougat, with the resting time 30–60 minutes and the moulding temperature 50–55°C. The nutritional value of the new products with protein-containing hemp and soya ingredients and nuts has been calculated. It has been noted that nougat has been enriched with protein, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus).
ENDOSKOPİK TAŞ CERRAHİSİNDE KULLANILAN İRRİGASYON SIVISININ ENFEKTİF SÜREÇLERE ETKİSİ
Authors: SELMİ Volkan , SARI Sercan , ÖZTEKİN Ünal , CANİKLİOĞLU Mehmet , GÜREL Abdullah , IŞIKAY Levent 
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Endoskopik üriner sistem taşı tedavisinde kullanılan irrigasyon sıvısı miktarının enfektif süreçlere etkisini araştırmak
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, Ocak 2018 ile Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz üroloji kliniğine üriner sistem taşı nedeniyle başvurmuş ve bu nedenle endoskopik litotripsi uygulanmış 77 hastanın verileri dahil edildi. İşlem sonrasında enfeksiyon gelişmeyen hastalar Grup 1, postoperatif enfeksiyon gelişen hastalar ise Grup 2 olarak kategorize edildi. Sonrasında bu iki grup arasında kullanılan irrigasyon sıvısı miktarı açısından fark olup olmadığı araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Grup 1’de 45 hasta, Grup 2’de 32 hasta mevcuttu. İrrigasyon amaçlı kullanılan %0,9 NaCl sıvısı miktarı ortalama olarak 2142±1126,01 ml’dir. Kullanılan irrigasyon sıvısı miktarı postoperatif enfeksiyon gelişen grup için ortalama 2309,38±1220,4 ml, postoperatif enfeksiyon gözlenmeyen grup içinse ortalama 2023,3±1051,6 ml’dir ve her iki grup kullanılan irrigasyon sıvısının miktarı açısından karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır (p=0,275).
Sonuç: Kullanılan irrigasyon sıvı miktarının bu süreçte önemli bir faktör olduğunu düşünsek de çalışmamız sonucunda anlamlı bir fark saptayamadık. Bu durum enfeksiyöz süreçlerde bir faktörün tek basına yol açmadığını diğer birçok etmenin bir araya gelip kümülatif bir etki yarattığı yönündedir.
Thyroid function test in relation with hypertension
Authors: Sharma Chandan 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The most common cause of cardiovascular disease affecting human is hypertension and reported that they may have tendency for impaired thyroid function. T3 acts directly on arterial smooth muscle of blood vessels to cause vasodilatation, when hypothyroidism occurs; declining T3 level increases the vascular resistance and the level of blood pressure. Clinically, hypertension may be defined as that level of blood pressure at which the institution of therapy reduces blood-pressure-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to assess the correlation and association of thyroid function with hypertension.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine Government Medical College Jammu from August 2017 to August 2018 on 75 subjects with hypertension. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The male to female ratio was 62.7% to 37.3%. Among total patients, 12 came out to be hyperthyroid, 6 cases were hypothyroid while 5 and 13 pertained to subclinical hyperthyroidism/ hypothyroidism respectively. The comparative values of T3 among Cases and Controls showed significant variation. However, the values of T4, TSH and FT3 showed no significant correlation. It was shown that hyperthyroidism can cause hypertension, i.e. Hypothyroidism is positively related to hypertension. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus it was observed in our study that there was significant relation between thyroid dysfunction with hypertension. Screening should be recommended for all the hypertensive patients to rule out thyroid dysfunction.</p>
Uma viagem residual: os mortos, a travessia, o rio, o barco e o barqueiro na trilogia das Barcas
Authors: Wellington Rodrigues Lima Francisco , Dias Martins Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

<p>O presente artigo consiste em dissertar sobre a morte e o ato de morrer no teatro medieval português de Gil Vicente, na Trilogia das <em>Barcas</em> – do <em>Inferno</em> (1517), do <em>Purgatório</em> (1518) e da <em>Glória</em> (1519) -, abordando, em especial, quatro elementos significativos da morte: a morte como travessia, o barco, o barqueiro e o rio -, elementos importantes para a viagem dos mortos; símbolos de proteção e salvação. O nosso objetivo é demonstrar que há semelhanças e diferenças <em>residuais</em> na forma de ver, pensar e sentir a morte no teatro vicentino; semelhanças e diferenças oriundas de povos e tempos distantes; semelhanças e diferenças entre sociedades cujas culturas parecem nunca ter tido contato, uma vez que as culturas entram em contato umas com as outras, independentemente do tempo e do espaço, a todo momento, atualizando-se e se modificando continuamente. Para tal, utilizamos os conceitos de <em>resíduo, hibridismo, cristalização e mentalidade </em>trabalhados pela <em>Teoria da Residualidade</em> sistematizada por Roberto Pontes. Para a orientação da nossa pesquisa investigativa, o método de procedimento utilizado será o comparativo. Buscaremos subsídios no corpus teórico da Literatura Comparada e os mesclaremos aos conceitos operativos da <em>Teoria da Residualidade Cultural e Literária</em>.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Gil Vicente, Trilogia das <em>Barcas</em>, <em>Residualidade</em>, Viagem dos Mortos.</p>