bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac rehabilitation patients experiences and understanding of group metacognitive therapy: a qualitative study
Authors: McPhillips Rebecca , Capobianco Lora , Cooper Bethany Grace , Husain Zara , Wells Adrian 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveDepression and anxiety are up to three times more prevalent in cardiac patients than the general population and are linked to increased risks of future cardiac events and mortality. Psychological interventions for cardiac patients vary in content and are often associated with weak outcomes. A recent treatment, metacognitive therapy (MCT) has been shown to be highly effective at treating psychological distress in mental health settings. This is the first study to explore qualitatively, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients’ experiences and understanding of group MCT with the aim of examining aspects of treatment that patients experienced as helpful.MethodsIn-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 purposively sampled CR patients following group MCT. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: (1) general therapy factors that were seen largely as beneficial, where patients highlighted interaction with other CR patients and CR staff delivery of treatment and their knowledge of cardiology; (2) group MCT-specific factors that were seen as beneficial encompassed patients’ understanding of the intervention and use of particular group MCT techniques. Most patients viewed MCT in a manner consistent with the metacognitive model. All the patients who completed group MCT were positive about it and described self-perceived changes in their thinking and well-being. A minority of patients gave specific reasons for not finding the treatment helpful.ConclusionCR patients with anxiety and depression symptoms valued specific group MCT techniques, the opportunity to learn about other patients, and the knowledge of CR staff. The data supports the transferability of treatment to a CR context and advantages that this might bring.
Rest-pause and drop-set training elicit similar strength and hypertrophy adaptations compared with traditional sets in resistance-trained males
Authors: Enes Alysson , Alves Ragami C. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Oneda Gustavo , Perin Samuel C. , Trindade Thiago B. , Prestes Jonato , Souza-Junior Tácito P. 
Published: July 2021

This paper aimed to compare the effect of drop-set (DS) and rest-pause (RP) systems versus traditional resistance training (TRT) with equalized total training volume on maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and thigh muscle thickness (MT). Twenty-eight resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to either RP (n = 10), DS (n = 9) or TRT (n = 9) protocols performed twice a week for 8 weeks. 1RM and MT of the proximal, middle and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A significant time × group interaction was observed for 1RM (P = 0.001) in the barbell back squat after 8-weeks. Post hoc comparisons revealed that RP promoted higher 1RM than TRT (P = 0.001); no statistical differences in strength were observed between the other conditions. A significant main effect of time was revealed for MT at the proximal (P = 0.0001) and middle (P = 0.0001) aspects of the lateral thigh for all training groups; however, the distal portion did not show a time effect (P = 0.190). There were no between-group interactions for MT. Our findings suggest that RP promotes slightly superior strength-related improvements compared with TRT, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar between conditions. Novelty: Rest-pause elicited a slightly superior benefit for strength adaptations compared with traditional resistance training. Resistance training systems do not promote superior hypertrophic adaptations when total training volume is equalized. Muscle thickness in distal portion of thigh is similar to baseline. Although modest, effect sizes tended to favor rest-pause.
Biomass procurement in boreal forests affected by spruce budworm: effects on regeneration, costs, and carbon balance
Authors: Gouge Daniel , Thiffault Evelyne , Thiffault Nelson 
Published: July 2021

Biomass procured from forests affected by natural disturbances as a bioenergy source is increasingly considered in the context of climate change mitigation. By comparing clearcuts with and without biomass procurement, we aimed to determine the effects of biomass extraction performed alongside lumber harvesting on regeneration density, number of planting microsites, forest renewal costs, and carbon fluxes, in harvested boreal stands affected by spruce budworm. The results showed that biomass procurement increased regeneration density and number of planting microsites. Reduction of downed woody debris due to biomass procurement lowered site preparation costs by 282.07 $CAN·ha−1, equivalent to 14.45 $CAN per oven-dry metric ton (odmt−1) of harvested biomass. Product value from biomass processing had to reach from 13.90 to 76.84 $CAN·odmt−1 to make biomass procurement operations profitable. Since biomass procurement significantly increased stocking and reduced the amount of decaying debris, it also reduced cumulative CO2 emissions relative to scenarios without biomass procurement. However, ensuring forest renewal through site preparation and plantation per se, irrespective of biomass procurement, played a more important role for carbon sequestration and net balance. Integrating biomass harvesting with silviculture could have significant ecological and financial impacts on forest management while supporting mitigation efforts against climate change.
Activation cross sections of gamma-emitters produced in deuteron induced reactions on $${}^{{209}}$$Bi up to 50 MeV
Authors: Tárkányi F. , Takács S. , Ditrói F. , Szűcs Z. , Brezovcsik K. , Hermanne A. , Ignatyuk A. V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeuteron induced reactions on natural bismuth targets were investigated with the stacked foil activation technique up to 50 MeV. Excitation functions for the reactions $$^{\mathrm {209}}$$

209

Bi(d,xn)$$^{\mathrm {207,206,205}}$$

207
,
206
,
205

Po, Bi(d,x)$$^{\mathrm {207,205}}$$

207
,
205

Bi and $$^{\mathrm {209}}$$

209

Bi(d,x)$$^{\mathrm {203}}$$

203

Pb obtained from gamma-spectra of decay products were compared with the results of our ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D model calculations, with the result of TALYS code taken from TENDL-2019 on-line library and the results of the only measurement performed earlier. Thick target yields were deduced from the fitted experimental cross sections.
Almost Tight Lower Bounds for Hard Cutting Problems in Embedded Graphs
Authors: Cohen-Addad Vincent , de Verdière Éric Colin , Marx Dániel , de Mesmay Arnaud 
Published: July 2021

We prove essentially tight lower bounds, conditionally to the Exponential Time Hypothesis, for two fundamental but seemingly very different cutting problems on surface-embedded graphs: the
Shortest Cut Graph
problem and the
Multiway Cut
problem.

A cut graph of a graph
G
embedded on a surface S is a subgraph of
G
whose removal from S leaves a disk. We consider the problem of deciding whether an unweighted graph embedded on a surface of genus
G
has a cut graph of length at most a given value. We prove a time lower bound for this problem of
n

Ω(
g
log
g
)

conditionally to the ETH. In other words, the first
n

O(g)

-time algorithm by Erickson and Har-Peled [SoCG 2002, Discr. Comput. Geom. 2004] is essentially optimal. We also prove that the problem is W[1]-hard when parameterized by the genus, answering a 17-year-old question of these authors.

A multiway cut of an undirected graph
G
with
t
distinguished vertices, called
terminals
, is a set of edges whose removal disconnects all pairs of terminals. We consider the problem of deciding whether an unweighted graph
G
has a multiway cut of weight at most a given value. We prove a time lower bound for this problem of
n

Ω(
gt
+
g
2
+
t
log (
g
+
t
))

, conditionally to the ETH, for any choice of the genus
g
≥ 0 of the graph and the number of terminals
t
≥ 4. In other words, the algorithm by the second author [Algorithmica 2017] (for the more general multicut problem) is essentially optimal; this extends the lower bound by the third author [ICALP 2012] (for the planar case).

Reductions to planar problems usually involve a gridlike structure. The main novel idea for our results is to understand what structures instead of grids are needed if we want to exploit optimally a certain value
G
of the genus.
Effects of Simplified Antihypertensive Treatment Algorithm on Hypertension Management and Hypertension-Related Death in Resource-Constricted Primary Care Setting between 1997 and 2017
Authors: Heizhati Mulalibieke , Li Nanfang , Shi Qiaoyan , Yao Xiaoguang , Zhang Delian , Zhou Keming , Wang Menghui , Hu Junli , Duiyimuhan Gulinuer , Jiang Wen , Hong Jing , Sun Le 
Published: July 2021

Hypertension management is poor in primary care settings of developing countries, where 75% of hypertensives are living. Exploring better ways to improve hypertension management and to decrease stroke and CVD death is needed such as introducing treatment algorithm. Therefore, we selected intervention counties from Xinjiang, an underdeveloped region in China, and introduced antihypertensive treatment algorithm, comprising locally available and affordable agents, to primary health providers since 1998. Program effects were evaluated using the data collected in various ways including cross-sectional screenings to population ≥30 years between 1998 and 2015 by comparing treatment and control rates of hypertension, changes in blood pressure (BP) levels and distribution, and proportion of case/total and NCD death for CVD and stroke. Compared to 1998–2000, treatment rate was improved by 2.78 fold (11.2% vs. 32.1%,

P

< 0.001), and the overall and treated control rate were improved by 53.5 fold (0.2% vs. 10.7%,

P

< 0.001) and by 16.8 fold (2.0% vs. 33.5%,

P

< 0.001), respectively, in 2015. Mean SBP and DBP showed a net reduction by 33.7 mmHg (181.3 vs. 147.6 mmHg) and 21.3 mmHg (106.3 vs. 85.0 mmHg), respectively, in 2015, compared to 1998–2000 (

P

< 0.001), and stage III hypertension was reduced by 75.2% (33.5 vs. 8.3%,

P

< 0.001). Compared to 1997–1999, stroke/NCD death was reduced by 34.1% in 2015–2017 (31.7 vs. 20.9%,

P

= 0.006) in the intervention counties whereas by 7.5% in control county. Introduction of treatment algorithm helps improve hypertension management and reduce stroke death in resource-constricted primary settings.
Coronary Artery Calcium Assessed Years Before Was Positively Associated With Subtle White Matter Injury of the Brain in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Men: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Suzuki Harumitsu , Davis-Plourde Kendra , Beiser Alexa , Kunimura Ayako , Miura Katsuyuki , DeCarli Charles , Maillard Pauline , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha , Fujiyoshi Akira 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, we previously showed a cross-sectional association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a measure of aortic stiffness, and subtle white matter injury in clinically asymptomatic middle-age adults. While coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a robust measure of atherosclerosis, and a predictor of stroke and dementia, whether it predicts diffusion tensor imaging-based subtle white matter injury in the brain remains unknown.

Methods:
In FHS (Framingham Heart Study), an observational study, third-generation participants were assessed for CAC (2002–2005) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (2009–2014). Outcomes were diffusion tensor imaging-based measures; free water, fractional anisotropy, and peak width of mean diffusivity. After excluding the participants with neurological conditions and missing covariates, we categorized participants into 3 groups according to CAC score (0, 0 < to 100, and >100) and calculated a linear trend across the CAC groups. In secondary analyses treating CAC score as continuous, we computed slope of the outcomes per 20 to 80th percentiles higher log-transformed CAC score using linear regression.

Results:
In a total of 1052 individuals analyzed (mean age 45.4 years, 45.4% women), 71.6%, 22.4%, and 6.0% had CAC score of 0, 0 < to 100, and >100, respectively. We observed a significant linear trend of fractional anisotropy, but not other measures, across the CAC groups after multivariable adjustment. In the secondary analyses, CAC was associated with lower fractional anisotropy in men but not in women.

Conclusions:
CAC may be a promising tool to predict prevalent subtle white matter injury of the brain in asymptomatic middle-aged men.
High Fructose‐Induced Hypertension and Renal Damage Are Exaggerated in Dahl Salt‐Sensitive Rats via Renal Renin‐Angiotensin System Activation
Authors: Xu Lusi , Hu Gaizun , Qiu Jiahe , Fan Yuxuan , Ma Yixuan , Miura Takahiro , Kohzuki Masahiro , Ito Osamu 
Published: July 2021

Background
High‐fructose diet (HFr) induces hypertension and renal damage. However, it has been unknown whether the HFr‐induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in subjects with salt sensitivity. We tested impacts of HFr in Dahl salt‐sensitive (DS) and salt‐resistant (DR) rats.

Methods and Results
Male DS and DR rats were fed control diet or HFr (60% fructose) with normal‐salt content. After 12 weeks, plasma and urinary parameters, renal histological characteristics, and renal expression of renin‐angiotensin system components were examined. Furthermore, effects of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors were also examined in DS rats fed the HFr. HFr elevated blood pressure in DS rats but not in DR rats. HFr increased urinary albumin and liver type fatty acid binding protein excretions in both rats, but the excretions were exaggerated in DS rats. HFr increased plasma lipids and uric acid in both rats, whereas HFr increased creatinine clearance in DS rats but not DR rats. Although HFr decreased plasma renin activity in DS rats, HFr‐induced glomerular injury, afferent arteriolar thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis were exaggerated in DS rats. HFr increased renal expression of angiotensinogen, renin, (pro)renin receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in DS rat, whereas HFr increased only angiotensin‐converting enzyme expression and decreased renin and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expressions in DR rats. Enalapril and candesartan attenuated the HFr‐induced hypertension, albuminuria, glomerular hyperfiltration, and renal damage in DS rats.

Conclusion
HFr‐induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in DS rats via renal renin‐angiotensin system activation, which can be controlled by renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors.
Elevated Left and Right Atrial Pressures Long‐Term After Atrial Septal Defect Correction: An Invasive Exercise Hemodynamic Study
Authors: Karunanithi Zarmiga , Andersen Mads Jønsson , Mellemkjær Søren , Alstrup Mathias , Waziri Farhad , Skibsted Clemmensen Tor , Elisabeth Hjortdal Vibeke , Hvitfeldt Poulsen Steen 
Published: July 2021

Background
Despite correction of the atrial septal defect (ASD), patients experience atrial fibrillation frequently and have increased morbidity and mortality. We examined physical capacity, cardiac performance, and invasive hemodynamics in patients with corrected ASD.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐eight corrected patients with isolated secundum ASD and 19 age‐matched healthy controls underwent right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise with simultaneous expired gas assessment and echocardiography. Maximum oxygen uptake was comparable between groups (ASD 32.7±7.7 mL O
2
/kg per minute, controls 35.2±7.5 mL O
2
/kg per minute,
P
=0.3), as was cardiac index at both rest and peak exercise. In contrast, pulmonary artery wedge v wave pressures were increased at rest and peak exercise (rest: ASD 14±4 mm Hg, controls 10±5 mm Hg,
P
=0.01; peak: ASD 25±9 mm Hg, controls 14±9 mm Hg,
P
=0.0001). The right atrial v wave pressures were increased at rest but not at peak exercise. The transmural filling pressure gradient (TMFP) was higher at peak exercise among patients with ASD (10±6 mm Hg, controls 7±3 mm Hg,
P
=0.03). One third of patients with ASD demonstrated an abnormal hemodynamic exercise response defined as mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure ≥25 mm Hg and/or mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mm Hg at peak exercise. These patients had significantly elevated peak right and left atrial a wave pressures, right atrial v wave pressures, pulmonary artery wedge v wave pressures, and transmural filling pressure compared with both controls and patients with ASD with a normal exercise response.

Conclusions
Patients with corrected ASD present with elevated right and in particular left atrial pressures at rest and during exercise despite preserved peak exercise capacity. Abnormal atrial compliance and systolic atrial function could predispose to the increased long‐term risk of atrial fibrillation.

Registration Information
clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03565471.
Rent-Seeking and Criminal Politicians: Evidence from Mining Booms
Authors: Asher Sam , Novosad Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study how natural resource rents affect the selection and behavior of holders of public office. Using global price shocks to thirty-one minerals and nationwide geological and political data from India, we show that local mineral rent shocks cause the election of politicians charged with serious crimes. We also find a moral hazard effect: politicians commit more crimes and accumulate greater wealth when mineral prices rise during their terms in office. These politicians have direct influence over mining operations but no access to fiscal windfalls from mining; we thus isolate the direct political impacts of mining sector operations.
Why Is End-of-Life Spending So High? Evidence from Cancer Patients
Authors: Zeltzer Dan , Einav Liran , Finkelstein Amy , Shir Tzvi , Stemmer Salomon M. , Balicer Ran D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the sources of high end-of-life spending for cancer patients. Even among patients with similar initial prognoses, spending in the year postdiagnosis is over twice as high for those who die within the year than those who survive. Elevated spending on decedents is predominantly driven by higher inpatient spending, particularly low-intensity admissions. However, most such admissions do not result in death, making it difficult to target spending reductions. Furthermore, end-of-life spending is substantially more elevated for younger patients, compared to older patients with similar prognoses. Results highlight sources of high end-of-life spending without revealing any natural “remedies.”
What Is the US Comparative Advantage in Entrepreneurship? Evidence from Israeli Migration to the United States
Authors: Conti Annamaria , Guzman Jorge A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate underlying sources of the US entrepreneurial ecosystem's advantage compared to other innovative economies by assessing the benefits that Israeli startups derive from migrating to the United States. Addressing positive sorting into migration, we show that migrants raise larger funding amounts and are more likely to have a U.S. trademark and be acquired than nonmigrants. Migrants also achieve a higher acquisition value. However, their patent output is not larger. We conclude that the United States entrepreneurial ecosystem's advantage vis-à-vis other innovative economies arises from several sources producing sizeable gains for startups. These sources are investor availability as well as large consumer and acquisitions markets.
The Effects of State Business Taxes on Plant Closures: Evidence from Unemployment Insurance Taxation and Multiestablishment Firms
Authors: Guo Audrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which state-level differences in business taxes influence the location decisions of multiestablishment firms. Each state in the United States administers their own unemployment insurance program, and cross-state variation leads to significant tax differences across state lines. This decentralized administration creates opposing employment incentives on the intensive and extensive margins depending on the economic conditions. Studying the locations of multistate manufacturing firms, I find that firms are more likely to exit from high-tax states during economic downturns, but high-tax plants experience more stable employment during nonrecession years.
Democracy and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Abeberese Ama Baafra , Barnwal Prabhat , Chaurey Ritam , Mukherjee Priya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While recent work suggests democracy does cause growth, the channels through which this effect occurs remain unclear. Exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of district-level political regime changes induced by the collapse of President Suharto's government, we study the microlevel drivers of the democracy-growth relationship. Using Indonesian firm-level data, we find that democratization leads to an increase in firm productivity, a critical determinant of economic growth. Furthermore we find evidence of an improvement in the quality of local business regulations and the business environment for firms.
Application of Bulk Richardson Parameterizations of Surface Fluxes to Heterogeneous Land Surfaces
Authors: Lee Temple R. , Buban Michael , Meyers Tilden P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) has long been used to represent surface–atmosphere exchange in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, recent work has shown that bulk Richardson (Rib) parameterizations, rather than traditional MOST formulations, better represent near-surface wind, temperature, and moisture gradients. So far, this work has only been applied to unstable atmospheric regimes. In this study, we extended Ribparameterizations to stable regimes and developed parameterizations for the friction velocity (u*), sensible heat flux (H), and latent heat flux (E) using datasets from the Land-Atmosphere Feedback Experiment (LAFE). We tested our new Ribparameterizations using datasets from the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment-Southeast (VORTEX-SE) and compared the new Ribparameterizations with traditional MOST parameterizations and MOST parameterizations obtained using the LAFE datasets. We found that fitting coefficients in the MOST parameterizations developed from LAFE datasets differed from the fitting coefficients in classical MOST parameterizations which we attributed to the land surface heterogeneity present in the LAFE domain. Regardless, the new Ribparameterizations performed just as well as, and in some instances better than, the classical MOST parameterizations and the MOST parameterizations developed from the LAFE datasets. The improvement was most evident forH, particularly forHunder unstable conditions, which was based on a better 1:1 relationship between the parameterized and observed values. These findings provide motivation to transition away from MOST and to implement bulk Richardson parameterizations into NWP models to represent surface–atmosphere exchange.