bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbeit in der psychosozialen Versorgung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Familien während der Covid-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Interviewstudie in Wien und Niederösterreich
Authors: Jesser Andrea , Mädge Anna-Lena , Maier Carina , Hierzer Jana , Dörfler Sylvia , Haslinger Martha , Muckenhuber Johanna , Schrank Beate 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Vorgaben des „Social Distancing“ während der Corona-Pandemie stellten Angebote der psychosozialen Versorgung von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Familien, die traditionell auf persönlichem Kontakt beruhen, in der Durchführung vor neue Herausforderungen. In dieser qualitativen Studie wurde zu drei Erhebungszeitpunkten zwischen März und Oktober 2020 untersucht, wie sich die Pandemie speziell auf diese Angebote ausgewirkt hat und wie Mitarbeiter*innen und Führungspersonen psychosozialer Einrichtungen die Arbeit unter den veränderten Gegebenheiten erlebten. Ihre Arbeitssituation wird unter Zuhilfenahme der Konzepte des Arbeitskraftunternehmers und der Vulnerabilität untersucht. Es werden zwei Themenfelder vorgestellt, die sich in der Analyse der ersten beiden Erhebungszeiträume als zentral erwiesen haben: Das Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Schutz der eigenen Gesundheit und der Versorgungssicherheit für Klient*innen und das Belastungserleben von Praktiker*innen in Zusammenhang mit stark veränderten Arbeitsrealitäten in der Sozialen Arbeit und der eigenen Betroffenheit von der Corona-Pandemie. Deutlich wird das Bestreben der Fachkräfte, trotz schwieriger Rahmenbedingungen unterstützende Angebote während der Krise aufrechtzuerhalten. Es zeigen sich aber auch die Belastung und Überforderung der Praktiker*innen im Feld und es wird ersichtlich, dass adäquate Rahmenbedingungen sowohl zur Stärkung der psychosozialen Versorgung generell wie auch für die Bewältigung gesellschaftlicher Krisen notwendig sind.
Covid-19 and child criminal exploitation in the UK: implications of the pandemic for county lines
Authors: Brewster Ben , Robinson Grace , Silverman Bernard W. , Walsh Dave 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn March 2020, the UK was placed in lockdown following the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Just as legitimate workplaces made changes to enable their employees to work from home, the illicit drugs trade also made alternative arrangements, adapting its supply models to ensure continuity of operations. Based upon qualitative interviews with 46 practitioners, this paper assesses how front-line professionals have experienced and perceived the impact of Covid-19 on child criminal exploitation and County Lines drug supply in the UK. Throughout the paper, we highlight perceived adaptations to the County Lines supply model, the impact of lockdown restrictions on detection and law enforcement activities aimed at County Lines, and on efforts to safeguard children and young people from criminal exploitation. Our participants generally believed that the pandemic had induced shifts to County Lines that reflected an ongoing evolution of the drug supply model and changes in understanding or attention because of Covid-19 restrictions, rather than a complete reconstitution of the model itself. Practitioners perceived that Covid-19 has had, and continues to have, a significant impact on some young people’s vulnerability to exploitation, on the way in which police and frontline practitioners respond to County Lines and child criminal exploitation, and on the way illegal drugs are being moved and sold.
Sport and climate change—how will climate change affect sport?
Authors: Schneider Sven , Mücke Hans-Guido 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate change will have complex consequences for the environment, society, economy and people’s health. The issue of climate change has received comparatively little attention to date in the fields of sports science. Thus, sport-related health risks caused by climate change are discussed and summarized in a conceptual model presented here for the first time. Climate change is associated with the following increases of health-related risks for athletes in particular: Direct consequences caused by extreme temperature and other extreme weather events (e.g. increasing risks due to heatwaves, thunderstorms, floods, lightning, ultraviolet radiation) and indirect consequences as a result of climate-induced changes to our ecosystem (e.g. due to increased air pollution by ozone, higher exposures to allergens, increasing risks of infection by viruses and bacteria and the associated vectors and reservoir organisms). Each aspect is supplemented with advice on the prevention of health hazards. Not only individual athletes but also sports organizations and local clubs will have to respond to the changes in our climate, so that they can appropriately protect both athletes and spectators and ensure a plannable continuation of the sport in the future.
White paper peanut allergy—part 2: Diagnosis of peanut allergy with special emphasis on molecular component diagnostics
Authors: Blum Lea Alexandra , Ahrens Birgit , Klimek Ludger , Beyer Kirsten , Gerstlauer Michael , Hamelmann Eckard , Lange Lars , Nemat Katja , Vogelberg Christian , Blumchen Katharina 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Background
Peanut allergy is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune response that usually manifests in childhood and can range from mild skin reactions to anaphylaxis. Since quality of life maybe greatly reduced by the diagnosis of peanut allergy, an accurate diagnosis should always be made.

Methods
A selective literature search was performed in PubMed and consensus diagnostic algorithms are presented.

Results
Important diagnostic elements include a detailed clinical history, detection of peanut-specific sensitization by skin prick testing and/or in vitro measurement of peanut (extract)-specific IgE and/or molecular components, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge as the gold standard. Using these tools, including published cut-off values, diagnostic algorithms were established for the following constellations: 1) Suspicion of primary peanut allergy with a history of immediate systemic reaction, 2) Suspicion of primary peanut allergy with questionable symptoms, 3) Incidental findings on sensitization testing and peanut ingestion so far or 4) Suspicion of pollen-associated peanut allergy with solely oropharyngeal symptoms.

Conclusion
The most important diagnostic measures in determining the diagnosis of peanut allergy are clinical history and detection of sensitizations, also via component-based diagnostics. However, in case of unclear results, the gold standard—an oral food challenge—should always be used.
Investigation of effect of electrode polarity on electrochemistry and magnetohydrodynamics using tertiary current distribution in electroslag remelting process
Authors: Karimi-Sibaki E. , Kharicha A. , Vakhrushev A. , Wu M. , Ludwig A. , Bohacek J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransport phenomena including the electromagnetic, concentration of ions, flow, and thermal fields in the electroslag remelting (ESR) process made of slag, electrode, air, mold, and melt pool are computed considering tertiary current distribution. Nernst–Planck equations are solved in the bulk of slag, and faradaic reactions are regarded at the metal–slag interface. Aiming at exploring electrochemical effects on the behavior of the ESR process, the calculated field structures are compared with those obtained using the classical ohmic approach, namely, primary current distribution whereby variations in concentrations of ions and faradaic reactions are ignored. Also, the influence of the earth magnetic field on magnetohydrodynamics in the melt pool and slag is considered. The impact of the polarity of electrode, whether positive, also known as direct current reverse polarity (DCRP), or negative, as known as direct current straight polarity (DCSP), on the transport of oxygen to the ingot of ESR is investigated. The obtained modeling results enabled us to explain the experimental observation of higher oxygen content in DCSP than that of DCRP operated ESR process.
Simplified calculation of friction mean effective pressure for fast simulation of fuel consumption
Authors: Finger Georg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn environmentally friendly and economical ship operation can be accomplished through many different methods. Most of these approaches focus on technological solutions, e.g. internal engine measures in order to make the engine more eco-friendly, by changing engine control parameters for a better connection between propulsion system and ship, by usage of different fuels or fuel supplements or installation of exhaust gas-treatment systems. For many ships, it is neither efficient nor economically viable to replace or improve existing power generation or propulsion systems in order to improve efficiency or reduce emissions. Some of the internal measures used to reduce NOx-emissions like exhaust gas recirculation even lead to a higher fuel consumption. The vessel itself is still controlled by a crew and they should be kept in the loop to improve efficiency. Therefore optimal operational procedures for handling ships and specifically the outcome of engine manoeuvres is a substantial source for eco-friendly ship operations. The German research project MEmBran (Modelling Emissions and Fuel Consumption during Ship Manoeuvres) addresses especially the basis for optimising ship engine manoeuvres. It focusses on very detailed simulation of the processes of currently existing ship diesel engines, especially in a first step 4-stroke engines in order to implement models in wider comprehensive ship handling simulation software. As part of an existing planning and prediction software that can be used on board, it enables the watch keeping nautical officer and the shipping company to forecast and compare the fuel consumption of the ship for each manoeuvre. In order to reach this goal it is necessary to use fast calculating and stable methods that can be used to forecast the power output of the engine and the fuel consumption. This paper discusses an approach to calculate friction mean effective pressure.
FgRab5 and FgRab7 are essential for endosomes biogenesis and non-redundantly recruit the retromer complex to the endosomes in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Qiu Han , Fang Wenqin , Zheng Huawei , Lu Guodong , Zhou Jie , Wang Zonghua , Zheng Wenhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe retromer complex, composed of the cargo-selective complex (CSC) Vps35-Vps29-Vps26 in complex with the sorting nexin dimer Vps5-Vps17, mediates the sorting and retrograde transport of cargo proteins from the endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in eukaryotic cells. Rab proteins belong to the Ras superfamily of small GTPases and regulate many trafficking events including vesicle formation, budding, transport, tethering, docking and fusion with target membranes. Herein, we investigated the potential functional relationship between the retromer complex and the 11 Rab proteins that exist in Fusarium graminearum using genetic and high-resolution laser confocal microscopic approaches. We found that only FgRab5 (FgRab5A and FgRab5B) and FgRab7 associate with the retromer complex. Both FgVps35-GFP and FgVps17-GFP are mis-localized and appear diffused in the cytoplasm of ΔFgrab5A, ΔFgrab5B and ΔFgrab7 mutants as compared to their punctate localization within the endosomes of the wild-type. FgRab7 and FgRab5B were found to co-localize with the retromer on endosomal membranes. Most strikingly, we found that these three Rab GTPases are indispensable for endosome biogenesis as both early and late endosomes could not be detected in the cells of the mutants after FM4-64 staining of the cells, while they were very clearly seen in the wild-type PH-1. Furthermore, FgRab7 was found to recruit FgVps35 but not FgVps17 to the endosomal membranes, whereas FgRab5B recruits both FgVps35 and FgVps17 to the membranes. Thus, we conclude that the Rab proteins FgRab5A, FgRab5B and FgRab7 play critical roles in the biogenesis of endosomes and in regulating retromer-mediated trafficking in F. graminearum.
Innovation and opportunity: review of the UK’s national AI strategy
Authors: Kazim Emre , Almeida Denise , Kingsman Nigel , Kerrigan Charles , Koshiyama Adriano , Lomas Elizabeth , Hilliard Airlie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe publication of the UK’s National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy represents a step-change in the national industrial, policy, regulatory, and geo-strategic agenda. Although there is a multiplicity of threads to explore this text can be read primarily as a ‘signalling’ document. Indeed, we read the National AI Strategy as a vision for innovation and opportunity, underpinned by a trust framework that has innovation and opportunity at the forefront. We provide an overview of the structure of the document and offer an emphasised commentary on various standouts. Our main takeaways are: Innovation First: a clear signal is that innovation is at the forefront of UK’s data priorities. Alternative Ecosystem of Trust: the UK’s regulatory-market norms becoming the preferred ecosystem is dependent upon the regulatory system and delivery frameworks required. Defence, Security and Risk: security and risk are discussed in terms of utilisation of AI and governance. Revision of Data Protection: the signal is that the UK is indeed seeking to position itself as less stringent regarding data protection and necessary documentation. EU Disalignment—Atlanticism?: questions are raised regarding a step back in terms of data protection rights. We conclude with further notes on data flow continuity, the feasibility of a sector approach to regulation, legal liability, and the lack of a method of engagement for stakeholders. Whilst the strategy sends important signals for innovation, achieving ethical innovation is a harder challenge and will require a carefully evolved framework built with appropriate expertise.
Comparing Self-Reported Pain During Intercourse and Pain During a Standardized Gynecological Exam at 12- and 24-Month Postpartum
Authors: Rossi Meghan A. , Vermeir Ella , Brooks Melissa , Pierce Marianne , Pukall Caroline F. , Rosen Natalie O. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is limited information about the physical indicators and biopsychosocial predictors of self-reported pain during intercourse and pain during a gynecological examination at 12- and 24-month following childbirth.AimThis longitudinal study aimed to (i) Compare the findings from gynecological exams at 12- and 24-month postpartum for women with minimal vs clinically significant pain during intercourse; (ii) Assess the biomedical and psychosocial correlates of self-reported pain during intercourse and the vestibular pain index (VPI) from the cotton-swab test at 12- and 24-month postpartum; (iii) Establish the relationship between self-reported pain during intercourse and the cotton-swab test.MethodsWomen (N = 97 at 12 months postpartum and N = 44 at 24-month postpartum) recruited from a local women’s hospital completed online surveys in their first trimester of pregnancy and at 12- and 24-month postpartum to assess pain during intercourse and biopsychosocial variables. Those with clinically significant (pain ≥4/10 on a visual analogue scale) were matched with those reporting minimal pain (pain &lt;3/10) and underwent a gynecological exam including a cotton-swab test. Descriptive analyses, multiple regressions, and bivariate correlations were conducted to address each of the study aims, respectively.Main Outcome Measures(i) Findings from the gynecological examination (ii) Numerical rating scale for the VPI; (iii) Visual analogue scale of pain during intercourse.ResultsThe majority of women in both pain groups had normal physical findings in the gynecological exam. Greater sexual distress and pain catastrophizing at 12- and 24-month postpartum were significantly associated with greater pain during intercourse at each time-point, respectively. Greater pain catastrophizing at 12 months postpartum was significantly associated with greater pain during the cotton-swab test at that time-point. Lower relationship satisfaction at 12 months postpartum was associated with greater VPI ratings at 24 months postpartum. Pain during intercourse and the VPI were moderately and positively correlated.Clinical ImplicationsAddressing psychosocial variables may interrupt the maintenance of postpartum pain. Following an initial assessment, self-reported pain intensity may be a suitable proxy for repeated examinations.Strengths & LimitationsThis study is the first to describe the physical findings and psychosocial predictors of pain during intercourse and the VPI at 12- and 24-month postpartum. The homogenous and small sample may limit generalizability.ConclusionThere were no observable physical indicators of clinically significant postpartum pain during intercourse. Psychosocial variables were linked to women’s greater postpartum pain during intercourse and VPI ratings.
How Archaeologists Can Effectively and Ethically Cultivate Responsible and Responsive Stewards
Authors: Wright Dennis L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to share how professional archaeologists can leverage their knowledge and influence to develop collectors and amateur archaeologists into responsible and responsive stewards (RRS). This approach furthers the primary purposes of the National Historic Preservation Act as well as the ethics of the Society for American Archaeology. I share my own journey about finding artifacts in the Texas Panhandle, yearning to understand more about them, and how a poster in a gas station led me to visiting a local Stone Age Fair where I met a professional archaeologist. This archaeologist mentor was willing to answer my questions and guide me to greater understanding of archaeological ethics and practice, which prompted me to document everything I had found. In turn, I have shared my experience with many other nonprofessionals. Archaeologist mentors can have great influence if they are willing to meet collectors and amateur archaeologists on their level. Ultimately, collectors and archaeologists share a love of artifacts and a passion for the history behind them.
Quadrature as applied to computer models for robust design: theoretical and empirical assessment
Authors: Frey Daniel D. , Lin Yiben , Heijnen Petra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper develops theoretical foundations for extending Gauss–Hermite quadrature to robust design with computer experiments. When the proposed method is applied with m noise variables, the method requires 4m + 1 function evaluations. For situations in which the polynomial response is separable, this paper proves that the method gives exact transmitted variance if the response is a fourth-order separable polynomial response. It is also proven that the relative error mean and variance of the method decrease with the dimensionality m if the response is separable. To further assess the proposed method, a probability model based on the effect hierarchy principle is used to generate sets of polynomial response functions. For typical populations of problems, it is shown that the proposed method has less than 5% error in 90% of cases. Simulations of five engineering systems were developed and, given parametric alternatives within each case study, a total of 12 case studies were conducted. A comparison is made between the cumulative density function for the hierarchical probability models and a corresponding distribution function for case studies. The data from the case-based evaluations are generally consistent with the results from the model-based evaluation.
THE PERFORMANCE OF SILENCE IN EARLY CHINA: THE YANZI CHUNQIU AND BEYOND
Authors: Yuan Ai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article looks beyond the dichotomy between silence (mo 默) and speech (yan 言) and discusses the functions of and attitudes toward silence in the Yanzi chunqiu 晏子春秋 as a case representing the variety of ideas of silence in early China. In the West, silence has been widely explored in fields such as religion and theology, linguistic studies, and communication and literary studies. The consensus has moved away from viewing silence as abstaining from speech and utterance—and therefore absence of meaning and intention, toward seeing it as a culturally dependent and significant aspect of communication. However, beyond a number of studies discussing unspoken teachings in relation to early Daoism, silence has received little attention in early China studies. This article approaches the functions of silence by pursuing questions regarding its rhetorical, emotive, political, and ethical aspects. Instead of searching for the nature of silence and asking what silence is, this article poses alternative questions: How do ancient Chinese thinkers understand the act of silence? What are the attitudes toward silence in early China? How does silence foster morality? How does silence function as performative remonstrance? How is it used for political persuasion? How does silence draw the attention of and communicate with readers and audiences? How does silence allow time for contemplation, reflection, and agreement among participants? How is silence related to various intense emotional states? These questions lead us to reflect on previous scholarship which regarded silence in early China as the most spontaneous and natural way to grasp the highest truth, which is unpresentable and inexpressible through articulated speech and artificial language. In this sense, the notion of the unspoken teaching is not only understood in opposition to speech, but also as a means to reveal the deficiency of language and the limits of speech. However, through a survey of dialogues, stories, and arguments in Yanzi chunqiu, I show that silence is explicitly marked and explained within the text, and is used actively, purposefully, and meaningfully, to persuade, inform, and motivate audiences. In other words, silence is anything but natural and spontaneous. Rather, it is intentionally adopted, carefully crafted, and publicly performed to communicate, remonstrate, criticize, reveal, and target certain ideas. That is to say, silence is as argumentative as speech and as arbitrary as language. Finally, an awareness of and sensitivity to silence provides a new perspective to engage with other early Chinese texts.
MOLECULAR INCOHERENCE, CONTINUITY, AND THE PERFECTION OF THE LAOZI
Authors: Lebovitz David J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Laozi is a well-loved and oft-translated ancient text, whose popularity with interpreters and translators seems to have hardly ebbed in over two thousand years. This is attested in part by the number of bamboo and silk manuscript versions of the text unearthed in recent years from the Warring States (475–221 b.c.e.) and Western Han (221–206 b.c.e.), such that few transmitted Chinese texts have so many corresponding manuscript versions. The Laozi's popularity and relative abundance have also made the text instrumental in shaping theoretical approaches to book formation in early Chinese manuscript culture. In particular, the Laozi has been central to the study of how books were assembled out of pre-existent, stable, coherent molecules of text, or zhang 章 (chapters). Emerging from a case study of Laozi chapter 13, in which interpretive problems of the written commentarial tradition are shown to be continuous with those in manuscript culture, this article re-examines the theory of molecular coherence in the Laozi's formation, showing ultimately that the textual and rhetorical patterns by which zhang cohere internally are created by the same forces that deposit zhang in proximity to one another. Moving from the molecular to organismic level, the article also examines the use of conjoining phrases in Peking University's Laozi manuscript to demonstrate how editors, compilers, and interpreters may sacrifice coherence at one level of organization to achieve perfection at another.