bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign monomelic amyotrophy of lower limb in a cohort of chinese patients
Authors: Wang Lulu , Wen Han , Chen Shuyun , Wang Huan , Zheng Yilei , Chen Ran , Li Jingjing , Jiang Kaiyan , Xiang Haijie , Zhu Min , Zhou Meihong , Yao Sheng , Hong Daojun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenign monomelic amyotrophy of lower limb (BMALL) is a neurogenic syndrome representing an unclear field. Further studies might be helpful to elucidate uncertainties regarding causation, outcome, and the risk of progression to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 patients with BMALL were retrospectively collected in three neuromuscular centers from January 2012 to October 2018. The detailed medical data were summarized. Multiple laboratory tests were examined. Routine electrophysiological examinations, muscle MRI of lower limbs, and muscle biopsy were conducted.ResultsThe cohort included 24 male and 13 female cases with median age of onset 47 years. Muscle MRI revealed that the distribution of involved muscles matched with the extent of fat infiltration, so the pattern muscle atrophy can be divided into the following four types: six patients with thigh atrophy (type I), 14 patients with leg atrophy (type II); 10 patients with disproportionate atrophy in both thigh and leg (type III); and seven patients with well‐proportionate atrophy in both thigh and leg (type IV). Electrophysiological findings showed neurogenic pattern, spontaneous activity, and abnormal H reflex, which suggested a disorder of spinal anterior horn cell in the patients with types I‐III. However, no electrophysiological abnormalities were found in the patients with type IV. Muscle pathology varied from almost normal pattern to advanced neurogenic pattern in nine biopsied patients. Follow‐up showed that two patients with type II developed to ALS four years later, and all patients with type IV were in stable condition without any complaints.ConclusionMuscle MRI was useful to exactly localize the distribution of involved muscles in BMALL patients. The distribution of atrophic muscles can be roughly divided into four types based on the MRI features. The classification of distributing types might be as an indicator for the prognosis of BMALL.
Association of symptom status, myocardial viability, and clinical/anatomic risk on long‐term outcomes after chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Song Lei , Qiao Shubin , Guan Changdong , Bai Yinxiao , Zou Tongqiang , Wu Fan , Shi Yanpu , Xie Lihua , Sun Zhongwei , Dou Kefei , Yang Weixian , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Yang Yuejin , Yeh Robert W. , Wu Yongjian , Kirtane Ajay J. , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association of less‐certain indication of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) with subsequent clinical outcomes.BackgroundThe impact of patient symptoms, myocardial viability, and clinical and anatomic risk on long‐term outcomes is underdetermined.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing CTO‐PCI at a large‐volume single center between 2010 and 2013 were included. Central adjudication was used to assess the appropriateness of three prespecified indications. The primary outcome was the 5‐year composite endpoint of death or myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsOf 2,659 patients with 2,735 CTO lesions, the 348 (13.1%) asymptomatic patients, 164 (6.2%) patients without viable myocardium in the CTO territory, and 306 (11.5%) patients in whom the Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Score II favored coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had higher 5‐year death or MI compared with the rest patients in each category (12.0% vs. 8.6%, p = .04; 16.3% vs. 8.5%, p < .0001; 12.2% vs. 8.6%, p = .03), respectively. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that without symptom (hazard ratio: 1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.15; p = .02), non‐viable myocardium in CTO territory (hazard ratio: 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.72; p = .009), and deemed more favorable for CABG (hazard ratio:1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.28; p = .03), but not the technical success (hazard ratio:0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.62–1.18; p = .34), were independent predictors for the primary endpoint.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of CTO‐PCI, those who were asymptomatic, non‐viable myocardium in the CTO territory, or deemed more favorable for CABG were associated with higher risk of long‐term mortality or MI.
A peristomal plaque of sudden occurrence
Authors: La Placa Michelangelo , Abbenante Diego , Pazzaglia Massimiliano , Di Altobrando Ambra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKoebner phenomenon regards the formation of a psoriatic lesion after a trauma, including tattoo, insect bite or other injuries. Although this manifestation is not specific for psoriasis, physicians should be aware because early recognition may be helpful in making the diagnosis when present.
A deep neural network learning‐based speckle noise removal technique for enhancing the quality of synthetic‐aperture radar images
Authors: Mohan Ellappan , Rajesh Arunachalam , Sunitha Gurram , Konduru Reddy Madhavi , Avanija Janagaraj , Ganesh Babu Loganathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe speckle noise present in synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) images is responsible for hindering the extraction of the exact information that needs to be utilized for potential remote sensing applications. Thus the quality of SAR images needs to be enhanced by removing speckle noise in an effective manner. In this paper, A Deep Neural Network‐based Speckle Noise Removal Technique (DNN‐SNRT) is proposed that utilizes the benefits of convolution and Long Short Term Memory‐based neural networks to enhance the quality of SAR images. The proposed DNN‐SNRT uses multiple radar intensity images that are archived from the specific area of interest to facilitate the self‐learning of the intensity features derived from the image patches. The proposed DNN‐SNRT incorporates a dual neural network to remove speckle noise and flexibly estimates the thresholds and weights to achieve an effective SAR image quality improvement. The proposed DNN‐SNRT is capable of automatically updating the intensity features of SAR images during the training process. Experimental investigation of the proposed DNN‐SNRT conducted based on TerraSAR‐X images confirmed the superior enhancement of image quality over comparable recent filters. The results of the DNN‐SNRT scheme were also proved that it is able to reduce noise and preserve edges during the image quality enhancement process.
The pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When butterflies take sides
Authors: Chen Xing‐Hui , Tan Shao‐Lin , Liang Yue‐Long , Huang Lang , Xiao Han‐Wen , Luo Huo‐Lin , Xiong Dong‐Jin , Yang Bo‐Yun , Ren Zong‐Xin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHabenaria is one of the largest terrestrial genera in the family Orchidaceae. Most field studies on Habenaria species with greenish–white and nocturnal scented flowers are pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths and settling moths. However, H. rhodocheila presents reddish flowers lacking a detectable scent and fails to fit the moth pollination syndrome. We investigated the pollinators, breeding system, and functional traits of H. rhodocheila in South China and found that two diurnal swallowtail butterflies Papilio helenus and Papilio nephelus (Papilionidae) were the effective pollinators. When butterflies foraged for nectar in the spur, the pollinia became attached between the palpi. A triangular projected median rostellar lobe was found at the entrance (sinus) of the spur of H. rhodocheila. This lobe divided the spur opening into two entrances forcing butterflies to enter their proboscides through the left or right side. When the projection of median rostellar lobe was removed, the site of pollinium attachment changed to the eyes of the butterflies, leading to a higher rate of pollinium removal but lower rate of pollinium deposition. Our quartz glass cylinder choice experiment suggested that visual rather than olfactory cues provided the major stimuli for butterflies to locate these flowers. Hand pollination experiments suggested this species was self‐compatible but pollinator‐dependent. However, the proportion of seeds with large embryos produced in self‐pollinated fruits was significantly lower than in cross‐pollinated fruits, indicating a significant inbreeding depression. Unlike many other orchid species, fruit set was higher than rates of pollinium removal, indicating a high level of pollination efficiency in a species with friable pollinia. Shifts from moth to butterfly pollination in the genus Habenaria parallel other orchid lineages providing insights into the potential for pollinator‐mediated floral trait selection.
Machine learning based on biomarker profiles identifies distinct subgroups of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Woolley Rebecca J. , Ceelen Daan , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Tromp Jasper , Figarska Sylwia M. , Anker Stefan D. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Zannad Faiez , Metra Marco , Ng Leong , Samani Nilesh , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Lang Chim , Lam Carolyn S. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThe lack of effective therapies for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often ascribed to the heterogeneity of patients with HFpEF. We aimed to identify distinct pathophysiologic clusters of HFpEF based on circulating biomarkers.Methods and resultsWe performed an unsupervised cluster analysis using 363 biomarkers from 429 patients with HFpEF. Relative differences in expression profiles of the biomarkers between clusters were assessed and used for pathway over‐representation analyses. We identified four distinct patient subgroups based on their biomarker profiles: cluster 1 with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus and renal disease; cluster 2 with oldest age and frequent age‐related comorbidities; cluster 3 with youngest age, largest body size, least symptoms and lowest N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels; and cluster 4 with highest prevalence of ischaemic aetiology, smoking and chronic lung disease, most symptoms, as well as highest NT‐proBNP and troponin levels. Over a median follow‐up of 21 months, the occurrence of death or heart failure hospitalization was highest in clusters 1 and 4 (62.1% and 62.8%, respectively) and lowest in cluster 3 (25.6%). Pathway over‐representation analyses revealed that the biomarker profile of patients in cluster 1 was associated with activation of inflammatory pathways while the biomarker profile of patients in cluster 4 was specifically associated with pathways implicated in cell proliferation regulation and cell survival.ConclusionUnsupervised cluster analysis based on biomarker profiles identified mutually exclusive subgroups of patients with HFpEF with distinct biomarker profiles, clinical characteristics and outcomes, suggesting different underlying pathophysiological pathways.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of Aryl Hydroxamates with CF3‐Containing α‐Propargyl α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Vorobyeva Daria V. , Petropavlovskikh Dmitry A. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Nefedov Sergey E. , Osipov Sergey N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of new orthogonally protected α‐CF3‐substituted α‐amino carboxylates, and α‐amino phosphonates decorated with pharmacophore isoquinolone core has been elaborated through the Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation/annulation of aryl hydroxamates with propargyl‐containing α‐amino acid derivatives and their phosphorus analogues.
Organic thin film transistors‐based biosensors
Authors: Sun Chenfang , Wang Xue , Auwalu Muhammad Aminu , Cheng Shanshan , Hu Wenping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic thin film transistors (OTFTs)‐based biosensors are widely applied as advanced biosensing platforms by virtue of their inherent ability to transfer and amplify received biological signals into electrical signals. Nevertheless, the development of OTFTs‐based biosensors with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for specific biological processes remains a major challenge. This mini review focuses on recent achievements in OTFTs‐based biosensors since 2010. Specifically, three types of OTFTs, specifically organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), electrolyte‐gated OFETs (EGOFETs), and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are summarized in terms of the key strategies required for high‐performance bioelectronics. Additionally, various OTFTs‐based biosensors, such as ions, glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, and cells are described in terms of their working principles. This mini review highlights the uses of OTFTs for a broad range of research applications with a focus on designing novel OTFTs‐based biosensors.image
Spatial correlation modeling and ergodic capacity analysis of networks with overlapping conflict
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yu Junpeng , Zhang Hongtao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe fifth generation (5G) network development trends (e.g., more cells, larger and distributed antenna arrays, higher frequency spectrum) and new technologies are driving beyond 5G (B5G) and even sixth generation (6G) research together. In existing works, performance analysis is based on typical users, but no user is typical, because of spatial correlation in the scheduling of transmission points (TPs) caused by overlapping conflict between the different transmission point groups (TPGs). Using stochastic geometry, this article analyzes ergodic capacity of entire network by deriving the semiclosed form expression of area spectral efficiency (ASE), where Matérn‐like model is proposed to capture the spatial correlation of overlapping conflict. Specifically, the serving probability of TP is lower to avoid intense overlapping conflict in heavily overlapping region, thanks to Matérn‐like model requires that only one TP with best channel condition be in serving within the same TPG. In addition, considering different serving probabilities of TPs, user performance is nonindependent, thus ASE could more accurately characterize the overall level of user performance by traversing nonindependent user performance. Simulation and analytical results show that ASE considering spatial correlation can more accurately fit the overall performance of networks with overlapping conflict.
Artificial intelligence‐powered decentralized framework for Internet of Things in Healthcare 4.0
Authors: Puri Vikram , Kataria Aman , Sharma Vishal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRemote patient monitoring and data management have gained much popularity in recent years because of their enhanced access to low‐cost healthcare services. A cloud‐based healthcare system provides numerous solutions for collecting patient data and offers on‐demand well‐managed reports to patients and healthcare providers. However, it equally suffers from single‐point failure, security, privacy, and non‐transparency issues with the data, impacting the continuity of the system. To resolve such concerns, this article proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)‐enabled decentralized healthcare framework that accesses and authenticates Internet of Things (IoT) devices and create trust and transparency in patient healthcare records (PHR). The mechanism is based on the AI‐enabled smart contracts and the conceptualization of the public blockchain network. Alongside this, the framework identifies the malicious IoT nodes in the system. The experimental analyses are performed on the real‐time test environment, and significant improvements are suggested in terms of device energy consumption, data request time, throughput, average latency, and transaction fee.
Identification of risk factors for mortality and delayed oral dietary intake in patients with open drainage due to deep neck infections: Nationwide study using a Japanese inpatient database
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Tarasawa Kunio , Fujimori Kenji , Obara Taku , Fushimi Kiyohide , Sakagami Tomofumi , Yagi Masao , Iwai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundsData on risk factors for deep neck infection including descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) have been limited. Using a nationwide database, the aim was identifying the factors related to patient death and delay in recovering oral intake.MethodsData of 4949 patients were extracted from a Japanese inpatient database between 2012 and 2017. The main outcome was survival at discharge. In a subgroup analysis of the 4949 patients with survival, the second outcome was delay in the interval between admission and full recovery of oral intake.ResultsOnly a few factors (advanced‐age, ventilation) were associated with both mortality and delayed oral dietary intake by logistic regression analyses. Conversely, several factors including DNM (adjusted‐odds ratio [OR] 1.41) and repeated surgery (adjusted‐OR 1.70) were significantly related only to delayed oral dietary intake.ConclusionsAlthough DNM was not necessarily related to mortality, patients with DNM should receive careful attention to avoid delayed oral dietary intake.
The impact of COVID‐19 on head and neck cancer diagnosis and disease extent
Authors: Kiong Kimberley L. , Diaz Edward M. , Gross Neil D. , Diaz Eduardo M. , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to COVID‐19, diagnostic delays and a surge of advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is anticipated. We hereby evaluate patient and tumor characteristics before and during the early COVID‐19 period.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with HNC presented at a multidisciplinary tumor conference from May 14, 2020 to June 18, 2020 was performed and compared to a similar 6‐week period a year before. Demographics, time to diagnosis, and tumor characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThere was a 25% reduction in newly diagnosed malignancies. Groups were similar in baseline characteristics, duration of symptoms, and time to diagnosis. However, median primary tumor size was significantly larger (p = 0.042) and T stage more advanced for mucosal subsites (p = 0.025) in the COVID‐19 group.ConclusionOur findings suggest increased tumor burden in patients with HNC presenting during the pandemic, despite a similar time to diagnosis. This may become more pronounced as the pandemic duration is extended.
Brahma‐Related Gene 1 Inhibition Prevents Liver Fibrosis and Cholangiocarcinoma by Attenuating Progenitor Expansion
Authors: Zhou Yongjie , Chen Yuwei , Zhang Xiaoyun , Xu Qing , Wu Zhenru , Cao Xiaoyue , Shao Mingyang , Shu Yuke , Lv Tao , Lu Changli , Xie Mingjun , Wen Tianfu , Yang Jiayin , Shi Yujun , Bu Hong 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is closely correlated with hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) expansion and liver fibrosis. Brahma‐related gene 1 (Brg1), an enzymatic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable complex that is critical in stem cell maintenance and tumor promotion, is prominently up‐regulated in both HPCs and iCCA; however, its role in this correlation remains undefined.

Approach and Results
A retrospective cohort study indicated that high Brg1 expression suggests poor prognosis in patients with iCCA. In chronically injured livers induced by a 0.1% 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine diet or bile duct ligation surgery, HPCs were dramatically activated, as indicated by their enhanced expression of Brg1 and a subset of stem cell markers; however, Brg1 ablation in HPCs strongly suppressed HPC expansion and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, in a chemically induced iCCA model, inhibition of Brg1 by a specific inhibitor or inducible gene ablation markedly improved histology and suppressed iCCA growth. Mechanistically, in addition to transcriptionally promoting both Wnt receptor genes and target genes, Brg1 was found to bind to the β‐catenin/transcription factor 4 transcription complex, suggesting a possible approach for regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated the function of Brg1 in promoting HPC expansion, liver cirrhosis, and, ultimately, iCCA development in chronically injured livers, which is largely dependent on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Our data suggest that therapies targeting Brg1‐expressing HPCs are promising for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and iCCA.
Rural Chinese youth during the transition into adulthood: Family dynamics and psychological adjustment
Authors: Zhang Xinwei , Kong Peggy A. 
Published: March 2021

Rural youth in China experience numerous challenges during their transition into adulthood. Yet, research on this transition and its relevant influential factors is rare. Through the lens of family systems theory, this study examined the impacts of family dynamics (i.e., interparental and parent–adolescent interactions) in adolescence on the psychological adjustment of youth as they transition into adulthood. Participants were 1330 youth and their mothers in rural Gansu. In 2004, mothers completed questionnaires of interparental and parent–adolescent interactions when youth were adolescents (Mage = 15.03, SD = 1.15). In 2009, youth completed questionnaires of depression and self‐esteem when they were emerging adults (Mage = 20.03, SD = 1.15). Results of structural equation modelling suggested that while interparental interactions in adolescence were not associated with the psychological adjustment of youth in emerging adulthood, positive parent–adolescent interactions in adolescence predicted better psychological adjustment of youth in emerging adulthood. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that although interparental interactions did not directly affect the psychological adjustment of youth, they were positively associated with parent–adolescent interactions, which in turn contributed to the psychological adjustment of youth. The results reveal an enduring influence of family dynamics on psychological adjustment among rural Chinese youth during the transition into adulthood.
Intercellular Interactions of an Adipogenic CXCL12-Expressing Stromal Cell Subset in Murine Bone Marrow
Authors: Matsushita Yuki , Chu Angel Ka Yan , Ono Wanida , Welch Joshua D , Ono Noriaki 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Bone marrow houses a multifunctional stromal cell population expressing C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), termed CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, that regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The quiescent pre-adipocyte-like subset of CXCL12+ stromal cells (“Adipo-CAR” cells) is localized to sinusoidal surfaces and particularly enriched for hematopoiesis-supporting cytokines. However, detailed characteristics of these CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like stromal cells and how they contribute to marrow adipogenesis remain largely unknown. Here we highlight CXCL12-dependent physical coupling with hematopoietic cells as a potential mechanism regulating the adipogenic potential of CXCL12+ stromal cells. Single-cell computational analyses of RNA velocity and cell signaling reveal that Adipo-CAR cells exuberantly communicate with hematopoietic cells through CXCL12-CXCR4 ligand-receptor interactions but do not interconvert with Osteo-CAR cells. Consistent with this computational prediction, a substantial fraction of Cxcl12-creER+ pre-adipocyte-like cells intertwines with hematopoietic cells in vivo and in single-cell preparation in a protease-sensitive manner. Deletion of CXCL12 in these cells using Col2a1-cre leads to a reduction of stromal-hematopoietic coupling and extensive marrow adipogenesis in adult bone marrow, which appears to involve direct conversion of CXCL12+ cells to lipid-laden marrow adipocytes without altering mesenchymal progenitor cell fates. Therefore, these findings suggest that CXCL12+ pre-adipocyte-like marrow stromal cells prevent their premature differentiation by maintaining physical coupling with hematopoietic cells in a CXCL12-dependent manner, highlighting a possible cell-non-autonomous mechanism that regulates marrow adipogenesis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).