bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Caregiver Depression and Elder Mistreatment—Examining the Moderating Effect of Care Recipient Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver-Perceived Burden
Authors: Fang Boye , Liu Huiying , Yan Elsie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the association between caregiver (CG) depression and increase in elder mistreatment and to investigate whether change in care recipient (CR) neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and change in CG-perceived burden influence this association.

Methods
Using 2-year longitudinal data, we analyzed a consecutive sample of 800 Chinese primary family CGs and their CRs with mild cognitive impairment or mild-to-moderate dementia recruited from the geriatric and neurological departments of 3 Grade-A hospitals in the People’s Republic of China. Participatory dyads were assessed between September 2015 and February 2016 and followed for 2 years.

Results
CG depression at baseline was associated with a sharper increase in psychological abuse and neglect. For CRs with increased NPS, having a depressed CG predicted a higher level of psychological abuse than for those CRs without NPS. For CGs with decreased burden, the level of depression was associated with a slower increase in neglect than for CGs who remained low burden.

Discussion
This study showed the differential impact of CG depression on the increase in elder mistreatment depending on the change in CR NPS and CG-perceived burden. The present findings provide valuable insights into the design of a systematic and integrative intervention protocol for elder mistreatment that simultaneously focuses on treating CG depression and perceived burden and CR NPS.
Federal Incentives to Reform Long-Term Care Under the Affordable Care Act: State Adoption of the Balancing Incentive Program, 2011–2014
Authors: Beauregard Lisa K , Miller Edward Alan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The Balancing Incentive Program (BIP) was an optional program for states within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to promote Medicaid-funded home and community-based services (HCBS) for older adults and persons with disabilities. Twenty-one states opted to participate in BIP, including several states steadfastly opposed to the health insurance provisions of the Affordable Care Act. This study focused on identifying what factors were associated with states’ participation in this program.

Methods
Event history analysis was used to model state adoption of BIP from 2011 to 2014. A range of potential factors was considered representing states’ economic, political, and programmatic conditions.

Results
The results indicate that states with a higher percentage of Democrats in the state legislature, fewer state employees per capita, and more nursing facility beds were more likely to adopt BIP. In addition, states with fewer home health agencies per capita, that devoted smaller proportions of Medicaid long-term care spending to HCBS, and that had more Money Follows the Person transitions were also more likely to pursue BIP.

Discussion
The findings highlight the role of partisanship, administrative capacity, and program history in state BIP adoption decisions. The inclusion of BIP in the Affordable Care Act may have deterred some states from participating in the program due to partisan opposition to the legislation. To encourage the adoption of optional HCBS programs, federal policymakers should consider the role of financial incentives, especially for states with limited bureaucratic capacity and that have made less progress rebalancing Medicaid long-term services and supports.
Limb-clasping, cognitive deficit and increased vulnerability to kainic acid-induced seizures in neuronal glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency mouse models
Authors: Kandasamy Lenin C , Tsukamoto Mina , Banov Vitaliy , Tsetsegee Sambuu , Nagasawa Yutaro , Kato Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Naomichi , Takeda Junji , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Ogawa Sonoko , Young Larry J , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Posttranslational modification of a protein with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a conserved mechanism exists in all eukaryotes. Thus far, &gt;150 human GPI-anchored proteins have been discovered and ~30 enzymes have been reported to be involved in the biosynthesis and maturation of mammalian GPI. Phosphatidylinositol glycan biosynthesis class A protein (PIGA) catalyzes the very first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis. Patients carrying a mutation of the PIGA gene usually suffer from inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD) with intractable epilepsy and intellectual developmental disorder. We generated three mouse models with PIGA deficits specifically in telencephalon excitatory neurons (Ex-M-cko), inhibitory neurons (In-M-cko) or thalamic neurons (Th-H-cko), respectively. Both Ex-M-cko and In-M-cko mice showed impaired long-term fear memory and were more susceptible to kainic acid-induced seizures. In addition, In-M-cko demonstrated a severe limb-clasping phenotype. Hippocampal synapse changes were observed in Ex-M-cko mice. Our Piga conditional knockout mouse models provide powerful tools to understand the cell-type specific mechanisms underlying inherited GPI deficiency and to test different therapeutic modalities.
Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy, prenatal mercury exposure and child body mass index trajectories up to 8 years
Authors: Papadopoulou Eleni , Botton Jérémie , Caspersen Ida Henriette , Alexander Jan , Eggesbø Merete , Haugen Margaretha , Iszatt Nina , Jacobsson Bo , Knutsen Helle Katrine , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Sengpiel Verena , Stratakis Nikos , Vejrup Kristine , Brantsæter Anne Lise 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Maternal seafood intake during pregnancy and prenatal mercury exposure may influence children’s growth trajectories.

Methods
This study, based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), includes 51 952 mother-child pairs recruited in pregnancy during 2002–08 and a subsample (n = 2277) with maternal mercury concentrations in whole blood. Individual growth trajectories were computed by modelling based on child’s reported weight and length/height from 1 month to 8 years. We used linear mixed-effects regression analysis and also conducted discordant-sibling analysis.

Results
Maternal lean fish was the main contributor to total seafood intake in pregnancy and was positively but weakly associated with child body mass index (BMI) growth trajectory. Higher prenatal mercury exposure (top decile) was associated with a reduction in child’s weight growth trajectory, with the estimates ranging from -130 g [95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = -247, -12 g] at 18 months to -608 g (95% CI = -1.102, -113 g) at 8 years. Maternal fatty fish consumption was positively associated with child weight and BMI growth trajectory, but only in the higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction = 0.045). Other seafood consumption during pregnancy was negatively associated with child weight growth compared with no intake, and this association was stronger for higher mercury-exposed children (P-interaction = 0.004). No association was observed between discordant maternal seafood intake and child growth in the sibling analysis.

Conclusions
Within a population with moderate seafood consumption and low mercury exposure, we found that maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy was associated with child growth trajectories, and the direction of the association varied by seafood type and level of prenatal mercury exposure. Prenatal mercury exposure was negatively associated with child growth. Our findings on maternal seafood intake are likely non-causal.
Preterm birth, low fetal growth and risk of suicide in adulthood: a national cohort and co-sibling study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Kendler Kenneth S , Edwards Alexis C , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Adverse perinatal exposures have been associated with psychiatric disorders and suicidal behaviours later in life. However, the independent associations of gestational age at birth or fetal growth with suicide death, potential sex-specific differences, and causality of these associations are unclear.

Methods
A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 440 518 singletons born in Sweden during 1973–98 who survived to age 18 years, who were followed up through 2016. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for suicide death associated with gestational age at birth or fetal growth while mutually adjusting for these factors, sociodemographic characteristics and family history of suicide. Co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors.

Results
In 31.2 million person-years of follow-up, 4470 (0.2%) deaths by suicide were identified. Early preterm birth (22–33 weeks) was associated with an increased risk of suicide among females [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.97; 95% confidence interval CI), 1.29, 3.01; P = 0.002) but not males (0.90; 0.64, 1.28; P = 0.56), compared with full-term birth (39–41 weeks). Small for gestational age was associated with a modestly increased risk of suicide among females (adjusted HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.51; P = 0.005) and males (1.14; 1.03, 1.27; P = 0.02). However, these associations were attenuated and non-significant after controlling for shared familial factors.

Conclusions
In this large national cohort, preterm birth in females and low fetal growth in males and females were associated with increased risks of suicide death in adulthood. However, these associations appeared to be non-causal and related to shared genetic or prenatal environmental factors within families.
Who Is a Refugee? Uncertainty and Discretion in Asylum Decisions
Authors: Liodden Tone Maia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Assessing claims for refugee status is a task often riddled with uncertainties, not least because of the challenge of establishing the credibility of the claims. The uncertainties enable divergent interpretations of both evidence and legal rules, thereby constituting a space for discretion in the refugee status determination process. This article explores how decision makers in the Norwegian asylum system reached a conviction about the outcome of asylum claims, despite numerous uncertainties. Decision makers who worked closely together developed a system of distinction that enabled them to single out applicants with protection needs from those who were not considered to be eligible. This system ordered the space for discretion, thereby reducing doubts about the outcome. It was based on the law and other formal sources, but also on recognizing patterns of difference and similarity with previous decisions. The emphasis on comparison between cases meant that the outcome of an individual application could not be understood in isolation; the distinctions between applicants who were accepted and those who were rejected depended, in part, on the case set as a whole. The findings suggest that, in a context of uncertainty, refugee status is to some extent determined by producing a local yardstick of who ‘the refugee’ is.
A validated asymptotic thermomechanical model for air-gap formation in tapered moulds in the continuous casting of steel
Authors: Devine K M , Vynnycky M , Mitchell S L , O’Brien S B G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A recent asymptotics-based thermomechanical model is adapted and applied to the mould region in the continuous casting of round steel billets, with a view to describing the complex interplay between air-gap formation, mould taper, cooling channel width and cooling water velocity. Although the situation is steady state, the analysis leads to what is mathematically a dual moving-boundary problem for the solid–melt and solid–air interfaces, where the distance from the top of the mould region is the time-like variable in the problem. Moreover, the two interfaces are initiated at different locations. In addition, the thermal and mechanical problems are found to decouple and it is possible to solve the first ahead of the second. The model equations are solved numerically using a finite-difference method, and the approach is subsequently successfully validated against a previous finite-element model and experimental data from temperature measurements taken within the mould.
ICMR’s Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance system (i-AMRSS): a promising tool for global antimicrobial resistance surveillance
Authors: Kaur Jasmine , Dhama Ajay Singh , Buttolia Harish , Kaur Jasleen , Walia Kamini , Ohri Vinod , Kumar Vinit , Lynn Andrew M , Srivastava Alok , Singh Harpreet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundGrowing resistance to antimicrobials has become an important health issue of the 21st century. Many international, national and local approaches are being employed for the control and prevention of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Among them, surveillance is reported to be the best method to reduce the spread of infection and thereby AMR. An integral component of AMR surveillance is the informatics suite for collection, storage and analysis of surveillance data.MethodsConsidering the traits of an optimal surveillance tool and constraints with existing tools, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) initiated the design and development of ICMR’s Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance system (i-AMRSS). i-AMRSS is a web-based tool built using modular architecture. It is capable of collecting standardized data from small laboratories to generate local and nationwide reports.Resultsi-AMRSS is a robust, comprehensive, modular, extensible and intelligent open-source tool piloted in ICMR’s AMR Network (31 hospitals and laboratories across India) since 2016. The developed tool has collected more than 280 000 patient records to date.ConclusionsThe standardized data collected through i-AMRSS would be valuable for various collaborators to monitor outbreaks and infection control practices, evaluate transmission dynamics and formulate antibiotic use and selling policies. The tool is presently being used to capture human testing and consumption data, however, it can be extended for AMR surveillance using a ‘One Health’ approach.
Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae meal and black soldier fly larvae oil in dogs
Authors: Freel Tarra A , McComb Alejandra , Koutsos Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two trials were conducted to assess the acceptance, safety and digestibility of diets containing various inclusion levels of partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) meal and BSFL oil by dogs. In trial 1, 5 extruded diets were evaluated for acceptance in adult Beagle dogs (n = 20; 10 male, 10 female) during a 48-hr period. Diets contained graded levels of BSFL meal (5.0%, 10.0%, and 20.0%), or graded levels of BSFL oil (2.5% and 5.0%), and all diets were well accepted. Thus, a digestibility trial (trial 2) was run with 56 adult dogs (16 male, 40 female) allocated into 7 dietary treatments; dogs were offered an extruded control diet containing no BSFL meal or oil, or extruded diets where BSFL meal partially replaced poultry by-product meal and corn meal at dietary levels of 5%, 10%, or 20% inclusion, or diets with BSFL oil partially replacing poultry fat at a 1:1 ratio at levels of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% inclusion. The treatment diets were fed for 28 d, during which time dogs were monitored for health (via physical examinations, clinical observations, and blood chemistry and hematology) and ingredient evaluation (via body weight, feed consumption, stool observation, and fecal nutrient apparent total tract digestibility). There were no significant differences in body weight or food consumption between treatment groups (P &gt; 0.05) and daily observations indicated that the general health of the animals was maintained throughout the study. Stool quality was maintained at 3.2 to 3.4 (on a 5-point scale with a score of 1 being watery diarrhea and a score of 5 being hard, dry, and crumbly) per treatment group over the fecal observation period (days 22 to 27), indicating a well formed, sticky stool. All group mean hematology and blood chemistry parameters remained within normal limits for dogs. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, and calories was not affected by treatment (P &gt; 0.05). In general, amino acid digestibility was not impacted by treatment although some minor changes were observed. Apparent total tract digestibility was high for all nutrients examined. Overall, it was concluded that BSFL meal and BSFL oil are well tolerated by dogs and their consumption results in no impact to physiology that would be concerning. Based on these data, BSFL meal and oil did not affect general health and could be included safely in dog diets.
Differences in copper and selenium metabolism between Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle
Authors: Ranches Juliana , Alves Rhaiza , Vedovatto Marcelo , Palmer Elizabeth A , Moriel Philipe , Arthington John D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 2-yr study was conducted at the Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida – Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) (Ona, FL), to evaluate differences in the metabolism of Cu and Se of Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. Thirty-two pregnant beef cows (n = 8 Brahman and 8 Angus/yr) were enrolled in the study in the first trimester of gestation. This study consisted of three phases: 1) restriction (day 0 to 90), 2) supplementation (day 91 to 150), and 3) calving. During all three phases, cows were individually fed and housed in partially covered drylot pens. During the restriction and supplementation phases, cows were provided a 1.5 kg/d of a grain-based concentrate supplement, which was fortified with flowers of S (50 g of supplemental S/cow daily; restriction phase) or Cu and Se (100 and 3 mg/d of Cu and Se, respectively; supplementation phase). Blood and liver samples were collected from all cows at 30 d intervals and from both cows and calves within 24 h of calving. Colostrum and milk samples were collected at calving and 7 d after birth. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, where cow and calf were the experimental unit. During the restriction phase, a breed × day effect (P = 0.03) was observed where Brahman had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus cows in all sampling days. For liver Se concentration, a tendency (P = 0.07) for a breed effect was observed where Angus cows tended to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman. During the supplementation phase, breed (P &lt; 0.001) and day (P &lt; 0.01) effects were observed, where Brahman cows had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus. For liver Se concentration, a day effect (P &lt; 0.001) was observed, where liver Se concentration increased (P &lt; 0.001) from day 90 to 120 and remained unchanged (P = 0.86) until day 150. At calving, no effects of breed (P = 0.34) were observed for liver Cu concentration of cows; however, Brahman calves tended (P = 0.09) to have greater liver Cu concentration than Angus calves. For Se liver concentration at calving, Angus cows tended (P = 0.07) to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman cows; however, no breed differences (P = 0.70) were observed for liver Se concentration of calves at birth. In summary, substantial differences in multiple indicators of Cu and Se status were observed between Angus and Brahman cattle, implying that Angus and Brahman cattle possibly have different mechanisms to maintain adequate Cu and Se status.
Genetic and phenotypic parameters for body weights, harvest length, and growth curve parameters in American mink
Authors: Do Duy Ngoc , Hu Guoyu , Salek Ardestani Siavash , Miar Younes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genetics underlying growth curve is important for selection of animals with better growth potential, but little is known about the genetics of growth curve parameters in mink. This study estimated the genetic parameters for body weights (BWs), harvest length (HL), and growth parameters derived from the Richards model. For this purpose, individual BW of 1,088 mink measured seven times in 3-wk intervals (weeks 13 to 31 of life) were used for growth curve modeling using the Richards model. The BW traits included BW at week 13 (BW13), 16 (BW16), 19 (BW19), 22 (BW22), 25 (BW25), 28 (BW28), and 31 (BW31). Univariate analyses indicated that sex and birth-year had significant effects (P &lt; 0.05) on BW, HL, asymptotic weight (α), growth rate at mature (k), shape parameter (m), weight at the inflection point (WIP), and age at the inflection point (AIP). In contrast, the color type had only significant effect (P &lt; 0.05) on BW31 and HL. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were ranged from 0.36 ± 0.13 (BW13) to 0.46 ± 0.10 (BW22) for BW and were 0.51 ± 0.09, 0.29 ± 0.09, 0.30 ± 0.09, 0.33 ± 0.1, 0.44 ± 0.10, and 0.47 ± 0.10 for HL, α, k, m, WIP, and AIP, respectively. The parameter α had non-significant (P &gt; 0.05) genetic correlations (±SE) with k (−0.21 ± 0.23) and m (−0.10 ± 0.22), suggesting that changing shape parameters (k and m) will not influence asymptotic weight (α). Strong significant (P &lt; 0.05) phenotypic (from 0.46 ± 0.03 to 0.60 ± 0.03) and genetic (0.70±0.13 to 0.88±0.09) correlations were observed between HL and different BW measures. The α, AIP, and WIP parameters had significant (P &lt; 0.05) genetic correlations with HL indicated that selection for higher α, AIP, and WIP values would increase HL. Parameters k and m had nonsignificant (P &gt; 0.05) genetic correlations with HL, indicating the change of the curve shape could not influence HL. Overall, the results suggest that growth curve parameters are heritable and can respond to genetic or genomic selection for optimizing the performance in mink.
Necrotizing Esophagitis: A Big Squeeze?
Authors: Rakovich George , Rolland Sébastien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Necrotizing esophagitis is rare and poorly understood. The etiologies reported in what little has been published (i.e., gastroesophageal reflux exacerbated by gastric outlet obstruction and low-flow ischemia) seem somewhat simplistic and lack any direct evidence. The following paper illustrates a recent clinical case while laying out arguments supporting esophageal spasm as a possible contributing factor.
Effective approaches to discover new microbial metabolites in a large strain library
Authors: Zdouc Mitja M , Iorio Marianna , Vind Kristiina , Simone Matteo , Serina Stefania , Brunati Cristina , Monciardini Paolo , Tocchetti Arianna , Zarazúa Guadalupe S , Crüsemann Max , Maffioli Sonia I , Sosio Margherita , Donadio Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Natural products have provided many molecules to treat and prevent illnesses in humans, animals and plants. While only a small fraction of the existing microbial diversity has been explored for bioactive metabolites, tens of thousands of molecules have been reported in the literature over the past 80 years. Thus, the main challenge in microbial metabolite screening is to avoid the re-discovery of known metabolites in a cost-effective manner. In this perspective, we report and discuss different approaches used in our laboratory over the past few years, ranging from bioactivity-based screening to looking for metabolic rarity in different datasets to deeply investigating a single Streptomyces strain. Our results show that it is possible to find novel chemistry through a limited screening effort, provided that appropriate selection criteria are in place.