bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Top‐Down Platform Enabling Ge Based Reconfigurable Transistors
Authors: Böckle Raphael , Sistani Masiar , Lipovec Boris , Pohl Darius , Rellinghaus Bernd , Lugstein Alois , Weber Walter M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConventional field‐effect transistor (FET) concepts are limited to static electrical functions and demand extraordinarily steep and reproducible doping concentration gradients. Reaching the physical limits of scaling, doping‐free reconfigurable field‐effect transistors (RFETs) capable of dynamically altering the device operation between p‐ or n‐type, even during runtime, are emerging device concepts. In this respect, Ge has been identified as a promising channel material to enable reduction of power consumption and switching delay of RFETs. Nevertheless, its use has been limited to simulations and bottom‐up demonstrators not compatible with complex circuit technology. In this work, a deterministic top‐down fabrication scheme is demonstrated to realize a Ge‐based RFET architecture and exploring realizations with three independent gates. Polarity control and leakage current suppression are enabled by the specific injection of charge carriers through gated Al‐Ge heterojunctions and the introduction of a blocking electrostatic energy barrier. Further, the choice of monolithic Al/Ge contacts alleviates process variability compared to Ni‐germanide contacts presenting a top‐down technology platform for Ge‐based RFETs. Our device concept is a first step toward future integrated high‐performance and low‐power reconfigurable circuits, providing a platform for future energy‐efficient systems as well as hardware security integrated circuits.
Superplastic Nanomolding of Highly Ordered Metallic Sub‐Micrometer Pillars Arrays for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Xiang Junxiang , Wang Yunxia , Wu Yupeng , Peng Qi , Shui Langquan , Ouyang Wengen , Ding Tao , Liu Ze 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrdered metallic nanostructures, due to their superior electronic and photonic properties, have played a vital role in wide range of applications, such as metamaterials, plasmonic sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy devices. However, traditional fabrication strategies based on bottom‐up self‐assembly and top‐down lithography are either poor in uniformity or time‐consuming with low scalability. Here, a robust and cost‐effective approach for the fabrication of highly ordered metallic pillars arrays in centimeter scale is presented. This is realized by superplastic nanomolding of metals with highly ordered anodic aluminum oxide templates which are fabricated by the prepatterning of aluminum sheets with bulk metallic glass (BMG) mold, followed by anodizing. The nanopatterning process is rationalized with finite element simulation to avoid the damage of BMG mold. Finally, it is shown that the molded metallic sub‐micrometer pillars arrays can be used for the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with enhancement factor of ≈106. It is found that the SERS performance is influenced by the specific surface area of the pillars in addition to the near‐field intensity. This simple and cost‐effective method not only opens new opportunities for rapid prototyping of large‐scale ordered metallic nanostructures for various applications but also provides guidance for the quantitative analysis on sub‐micrometer scale.
Magnetically Activated Flexible Thermoelectric Switches Based on Interconnected Nanowire Networks
Authors: da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes Tristan , Marchal Nicolas , Abreu Araujo Flavio , Piraux Luc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectric conversion offers new functionalities for electronic devices powered by waste heat and a promising solution for sustainable technologies. Here, thermocouples formed from two dissimilar arrays of interconnected magnetic nanowires embedded in a polymer film are used to realize flexible thermoelectric switches providing optimal magnetic‐field‐induced control of the sign and magnitude of the thermopower. By finetuning the composition of the homogeneous and multilayered nanowires forming the thermocouple legs, an ideal on/off ratio in the switching of the thermoelectric output voltage, or a simple sign reversal can be achieved in the presence of a magnetic field. This work paves the way for flexible spin‐caloritronics devices exploiting residual thermal energy for the development of thermally activated sensors and logic devices.
Chasing Down the Eu2+ Ions: The Delicate Structure−Property Relationships in the Ultra‐Narrow Band Phosphor K1.6Na2.1Li0.3[Li3SiO4]4:Eu2+
Authors: Ruegenberg Freia , García‐Fuente Amador , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Peschke Simon , Urland Werner , Meijerink Andries , Huppertz Hubert , Suta Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEu2+‐activated phosphors of the UCr4C4 structure type have emerged as promising new (ultra‐)narrow band phosphors. Especially the UCr4C4‐type alkali lithosilicates have caused a sensation in the field of phosphor research in the recent years due to their consistent (ultra)narrow‐band luminescence in the cyan and green range that can pave the way to novel backlighting LEDs with high color gamut. The compound “K2Na2[Li3SiO4]4:Eu2+” stands out with a strikingly narrow emission in the cyan range (<0.2 eV or <30 nm full width at half maximum in the energy or wavelength scale, respectively) but the position of the Eu2+ ions within this structure has been so far controversial. High‐resolution photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K reveals a complex emission spectrum with seven emission bands in the violet to green range. Combination with single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) demonstrates that the cation channels in the structure also contain Li+ ions. The presence of emission bands in the violet and blue spectral range reveals that the Eu2+ ions also occupy the available K sites in the structure independently confirmed by advanced ligand field calculations. This study demonstrates that a combination of SCXRD, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and theory can help elucidate advanced structural problems.
Controllable Synthesis and Electrochemical Research of Zn2TiO4 Spheres as New Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Meng‐Cheng , Zhu Lan‐Lan , Jiao Si‐Yu , Yi Ting‐Feng , Cui Ping , Shi Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZn2TiO4 spheres are fabricated via a simple hydrothermal strategy combined with subsequent heating treatment of 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. All the as‐synthesized Zn2TiO4 spheres are assembled by many small nanospheres with a particle size of 20–100 nm. The compactness of Zn2TiO4 spheres is continuously enhanced as the temperature rises from 600 to 800 °C. Additionally, compared with the Zn2TiO4 calcined at 700 and 800 °C samples, the Zn2TiO4 sintered at 600 °C sample exhibits the best electrochemical performance, and it can deliver the high discharge specific capacities of 405, 269, 223, 193, 173, and 166 mAh g–1 at current densities of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mA g–1, respectively. Simultaneously, it also displays the excellent cyclic performance with a high reversible charge (discharge) capacity of 245.8 (247.7) mAh g–1 after 300 cycles at the current density of 200 mA g–1. The results demonstrate that the as‐prepared ZnTiO4 spheres sintered at 600 °C will be expected to be a new anode material of lithium ion batteries.
EPR Investigation on Electron Transfer of 2D/3D g‐C3N4/ZnO S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Sayed Mahmoud , Zhu Bicheng , Kuang Panyong , Liu Xiangyu , Cheng Bei , Ghamdi Ahmed Abdullah Al , Wageh Swelm , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 into useful products is a promising technology from environmental and economic viewpoints. However, the efficiency of current photocatalytic materials is still unsatisfactory. In this work, a robust S‐scheme heterojunction composed of 3D ZnO hollow spheres wrapped by 2D g‐C3N4 layers is fabricated. The electrostatic attraction between both components not only facilitates the exfoliation of g‐C3N4 layers but also strengthens the photocatalyst framework. The prepared g‐C3N4/ZnO photocatalyst afforded an enhanced CH4 production rate, which is ≈40 and 7 times higher than those of pure ZnO and g‐C3N4, respectively. The improved activity is attributed to the extended light absorption and suppressed charge carrier recombination. Moreover, apart from traditional techniques, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to probe charge movement in the fabricated S‐scheme heterojunction. An observable shift of the relevant EPR peak is noticed after the construction of g‐C3N4/ZnO heterostructure, indicating the electron transfer process. This study sheds light on S‐scheme heterojunctions as efficient candidates for CO2 photocatalytic conversion.
Data Science Applied to Carbon Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Morelos‐Gomez Aaron , Terrones Mauricio , Endo Morinobu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData science has been rapidly developed and implemented in diverse scientific and technological fields over the past decade, to accelerate new knowledge generation and develop high‐impact applications. Recently, different data science tools and techniques have been widely used, such as optimizations, regressions, and classifications of data (tabular, spectral, or visual). In this review, data science tools and techniques are discussed for their adoption for the synthesis, characterization, and applications of carbon‐based materials. Materials synthesis in conjunction with data science has resulted in optimal growth conditions with desired properties and processing techniques. Regarding characterization, molecular structures can be reconstructed using microscopy images, and a particular property can be predicted based on the other properties of the desired carbon material. Moreover, for the applications of carbon materials, data science has enabled prediction of the water treatment efficiency, classification of electronic signals, prediction of the biological activity, and virus classification. It is clear that by combining data science and carbon‐related materials, it is now possible to accelerate theory‐experimental research in the quest for novel materials and their emerging applications.
Self‐Stabilized Supramolecular Assemblies Constructed from PEGylated Dendritic Peptide Conjugate for Augmenting Tumor Retention and Therapy
Authors: Zheng Xiuli , Pan Dayi , Chen Xiaoting , Wu Lei , Chen Miao , Wang Wenjia , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupramolecular self‐assemblies of dendritic peptides with well‐organized nanostructures have great potential as multifunctional biomaterials, yet the complex self‐assembly mechanism hampers their wide exploration. Herein, a self‐stabilized supramolecular assembly (SSA) constructed from a PEGylated dendritic peptide conjugate (PEG‐dendritic peptide‐pyropheophorbide a, PDPP), for augmenting tumor retention and therapy, is reported. The supramolecular self‐assembly process of PDPP is concentration‐dependent with multiple morphologies. By tailoring the concentration of PDPP, the supramolecular self‐assembly is driven by noncovalent interactions to form a variety of SSAs (unimolecular micelles, oligomeric aggregates, and multi‐aggregates) with different sizes from nanometer to micrometer. SSAs at 100 nm with a spherical shape possess extremely high stability to prolong blood circulation about 4.8‐fold higher than pyropheophorbide a (Ppa), and enhance tumor retention about eight‐fold higher than Ppa on day 5 after injection, which leads to greatly boosting the in vivo photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. RNA‐seq demonstrates that these effects of SSAs are related to the inhibition of MET‐PI3K‐Akt pathway. Overall, the supramolecular self‐assembly mechanism for the synthetic PEGylated dendritic peptide conjugate sheds new light on the development of supramolecular assemblies for tumor therapy.
Investigation of Interplay between Polyvinylpyrrolidone Interlayer and Perovskite Composition Affecting the Performance of Perovskite Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Hyeon Min Woo , Ahn Yunho , Kim Jungwon , Kim Jaeseung , Kim Hyunjung , Suh Min Chul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDevice structure and perovskite composition are two of the most important factors for maximizing the efficiency of light emitting diodes with perovskite as the light emitting layer. However, combining the best structures reported does not necessarily lead to better device performance. In the present study, the authors examine the device performance affected by the interplay between polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the interlayer and cesium (Cs)‐ or formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite composition (PEA2(Cs0.87MA0.13)4Pb5Br16 (PEA: phenyl ethyl ammonium cation, MA: methyl ammonium cation) or PEA2FA2Pb3Br10, respectively). In the case of Cs‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), PVP improves the formation of perovskite by preventing intermixing at the interface, thereby improving the device efficiency. On the other hand, although PVP is thought to behave similarly on FA‐based perovskite, it degrades device efficiency by decreasing hole injection and shifting the charge balance due to its insulating property. Based on the analysis, high efficiency Cs‐ and FA‐based PeLEDs of 12.31 and 24.5 cd A−1, respectively, are obtained.
High Thermoelectric Performance through Crystal Symmetry Enhancement in Triply Doped Diamondoid Compound Cu2SnSe3
Authors: Hu Lei , Luo Yubo , Fang Yue‐Wen , Qin Feiyu , Cao Xun , Xie Hongyao , Liu Jiawei , Dong Jinfeng , Sanson Andrea , Giarola Marco , Tan Xianyi , Zheng Yun , Suwardi Ady , Huang Yizhong , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , He Jiaqing , Zhang Wenqing , Xu Jianwei , Yan Qingyu , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe presence of high crystallographic symmetry and nanoscale defects are favorable for thermoelectrics. With proper electronic structures, a highly symmetric crystal tends to possess multiple carrier channels and promote electrical conductivity without sacrificing Seebeck coefficient. In addition, nanoscale defects can effectively scatter acoustic phonons to suppress thermal conductivity. Here, it is reported that the triple doping of Cu2SnSe3 leads to a high ZT value of 1.6 at 823 K for Cu1.85Ag0.15(Sn0.88Ga0.1Na0.02)Se3, and a decent average ZT (ZTave) value of 0.7 is also achieved for Cu1.85Ag0.15(Sn0.93Mg0.06Na0.01)Se3 from 475 to 823 K. This study reveals: 1) Ag doping on Cu sites generates numerous point defects and greatly decreases lattice thermal conductivity. 2) Doping Mg or Ga converts the monoclinic Cu2SnSe3 into a cubic structure. This symmetry enhancing leads to an increase in the effective mass from 0.8 me to 2.6 me (me, free electron mass) and the power factor from 4.3 µW cm−1 K−2 for Cu2SnSe3 to 11.6 µW cm−1 K−2. 3) Na doping creates dense dislocation arrays and nanoprecipitates, which strengthens the phonon scattering. 4) Pair distribution function analysis shows localized symmetry breakdown in the cubic Cu1.85Ag0.15(Sn0.88Ga0.1Na0.02)Se3. This work provides a standpoint to design promising thermoelectric materials by synergistically manipulating crystal symmetry and nanoscale defects.
Retail pass‐through of package downsizing
Authors: Çakır Metin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe package downsizing strategy allows a manufacturer to raise unit prices while maintaining package prices in a range acceptable to consumers. The success of the strategy depends on the retailers' ability to transmit the cost of downsized products into consumer prices at higher rates compared to transmitting equivalent increases in the cost of nondownsized products. In this article, we test this hypothesis by empirically analyzing the retailers' pass‐through behavior in response to downsizing. Using data on ice cream purchases, our main finding is that downsizing is significantly associated with the price pass‐through. On average, downsized products' pass‐through rate is 8.4 percentage points higher than the rate for nondownsized products. An important implication of this result is that in competitive environments in which manufacturers prefer to avoid substantial increases in package prices, downsizing could be a win–win strategy for manufacturers and retailers in response to increasing production costs. [EconLit Citations M31, D12, D4].
Edge States in 1D Rhombus Lattices
Authors: Li Jia‐Rui , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Lian‐Lian , Gong Wei‐Jiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe band structure and topological properties of a 1D rhombus lattice are studied by defining three models according to the manners of intracell hopping amplitudes. Results show that in the presence of uniform intracell hopping amplitudes, degenerate topological edge states appear at the ends of the lattice. When the intracell hopping amplitudes change, the edge states change in different ways, but they are robust to a small amount of disorder. The inversion symmetry breaking modifies the degeneracy of the edge states and makes the edge states localized at one end of the lattice. Next, when local magnetic flux is introduced, the band structures of the three models are further modulated. New gaps can be opened and edge states can be induced with their different topological properties. This rhombus lattice can be a promising candidate for studying the edge states and their dependence on structural parameters and magnetic flux in 1D systems.
Quantifying Interference via Coherence
Authors: Sun Yuan , Luo Shunlong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterference, which has its origin in the superposition principle, is one of the hallmarks of wave mechanics and constitutes a versatile resource for many information processing tasks. As such, it is actually a manifestation of coherence. Despite its long history in the development of physics, quantitative studies of interference are still an important topic. Traditionally, interference is often characterized via the fringe visibility from an operational perspective. This is experimentally convenient. However, from a theoretic perspective, it is desirable to reveal information‐theoretic aspects of interference. In this work, coherence of a state (with respect to a unitary operator parameterized by the interfering paths and phase shifts in multi‐path interference) is first quantified in terms of a generalized version of the Wigner‐Yanase skew information, two natural quantifiers of interference are then introduced via this coherence measure. Basic properties of these quantifiers of interference are further revealed, and the concepts are illustrated through several examples.
Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new spiropyridine derivatives using Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as efficient organometallic nanocatalyst
Authors: Ahmadi Naser , Sayyed‐Alangi S. Zahra , Varasteh‐Moradi Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new and procedure was reported for the synthesis of Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a new heterogeneous organometallic catalyst. XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM analysis were used for confirming the structure of synthesized nanocatalyst. The Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a high performance catalyst was employed for the preparation of a new family of functionalized spiropyridine via the one‐pot condensation reactions of acetophenones, diethyloxalate, ammonium acetate, isatin, malononitrile, and electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds in water at room temperature. Also, antioxidant property of some prepared compounds was investigated using diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping experiment. Presently, bacteria that are not destroyed with drug have generated many problems in the performance of many transferable disease. For this reason, discovering appropriate and new procedures for the dealing with these pathogens is important, and recent study has focused on the investigation of the antibacterial effects on the prepared compounds.
Copper(II) species with 1‐(o‐tolyl)biguanide: Structural characterization, ROS scavenging, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and in silico studies
Authors: Maxim Catalin , Badea Mihaela , Rostas Arpad Mihai , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Pircalabioru Gratiela Gradisteanu , Avram Speranța , Olar Rodica 
Published: October 2021

The species cis‐[Cu(tbg)2](ClO4)2 (CuTP) (tbg: 1‐(o‐tolyl)biguanide) was designed as a novel antimicrobial and biocompatible agent. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a mononuclear species with a very interesting structure consisting of two tautomeric forms of tbg arranged in a cis‐configuration. A complex hydrogen bond network with perchlorate anions involved in different interactions leads to a supramolecular structure. The EPR data indicated the formation of a stable cis‐trans mixture in dimethylsulfoxide. Moreover, the EPR experiments evidenced no activity against the superoxide radical (O2·−) but scavenging ability of the hydroxyl radical (HO·). This complex exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against planktonic and biofilm embedded gram‐negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae) and gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, Lysteria monocytogenes) bacteria. The best efficiency was noticed against E. cloacae and L. monocytogenes with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm eradication for a concentration value of 1.95 μg/ml. One of the possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity is represented by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The complex was not cytotoxic on L929 fibroblasts. The in silico analysis confirmed the drug‐likeness and safety profile of the tested compound and its potential for developing novel antimicrobial and therapeutic tools, targeting other clinical conditions besides infectious diseases.
Polymer foams as advanced energy absorbing materials for sports applications—A review
Authors: Tomin Márton , Kmetty Ákos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of polymer foams is becoming increasingly important due to the attainable weight reduction and value‐added properties. The development of foam structures is a popular research area as they have outstanding energy absorbing capability, which is related to the special deformation mechanisms of the cell structure (cell wall buckling and collapse of the cells). This property is exploited by the sports industry, where the main task of such products is to protect the health of the athlete and to ensure safe sports conditions. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of the advanced energy absorbing applications of polymeric foams in sports. The article presents in detail the processing technologies of polymer foams, as well as the sports‐specific regulations which contain the requirements for sports products. The impact damping of polymeric foams is typically determined by falling weight impact tests, which were used in several previous studies. However, it is a great challenge to compare the published results, as the test parameters and the tested materials are different. Currently, an unexplored field of research is the detailed study of multilayer sandwich foam structures. Understanding the effect of layer order on mechanical properties would help researchers achieve a major improvement in this field.