bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene hydroclimatic variabilities in arid north‐west China: geochemical evidence from Balikun Lake, eastern Tienshan, China
Authors: Zhao Yongtao , An Cheng‐Bang , Zhou Aifeng , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhao Jiaju , Dong Weimiao , Miao Yunfa 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTReconstructing the environmental and hydrological response to millennial‐scale fluctuations of climate‐sensitive areas of mid‐latitudes is crucial to understanding the Late Pleistocene climate in terrestrial inland regions. We use sedimentological and geochemical proxies (e.g. lithology, gain size, loss‐on‐ignition, soluble salts, X‐ray fluorescence elements) from Balikun Lake in the eastern Tienshan Mountains, to elucidate variations in sedimentation, water chemistry and watershed weathering intensity of the Late Pleistocene interval (~20−60 ka). The record documents high‐frequency oscillations and alternating hydrological patterns on (multi‐) millennial timescales. Balikun Lake changes from nearly fresh to brackish and finally to hypersaline conditions during MIS3. The warm and wet climate during the early MIS3 facilitated regional vegetation and bioproductivity. Halite sedimentation took place from the middle to late MIS3, indicating a gradual drying trend. This reduced the lake area and vegetation cover, as well as weakened the chemical weathering rates of the watershed. These new interpretations challenge the idea of climate amelioration with the highest lake level and wettest conditions prevailing in the arid areas of north‐west China during the late MIS3, indicating a possible westerlies‐dominated Late Pleistocene climate in these areas. The evolution of the palaeohydrological regime and climate change in the Balikun Basin correlated well with the millennial‐scale high‐latitude Atlantic climate superimposed on the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation.
Potential health benefits of garden pea seeds and pods: A review
Authors: Kumari Tapasya , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutritious pulse crop belonging to the leguminous family, and widely cultivated. In recent time, health and nutritional benefits of the pea and its by‐products enriched with biomolecules, which have gained significant attention to the researchers and consumers. Peas are known for its pivotal nutritional value with high‐quality proteins, dietary fibres, starch, carbohydrates and micronutrients including vitamins and minerals. It is also enriched with phytochemicals, antioxidants, flavonoids, tannins and other phenolic compounds under non‐nutritional category. Dietary fibre extracted from its cotyledon of the cell wall, seed coats and pods proved to accelerate the gastrointestinal activity by developing intestinal microflora. Intermediate amylose maintains blood glucose level by lowering the glycaemic index and reducing starch digestibility of peas. Pea proteins derived peptides have opportunities in nutraceuticals. Furthermore, pea‐derived non‐α‐galactooligosaccharides could mitigate the gas production by colonic bacteria during the fermentation. Anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE) was also traced in the pea pod with some antioxidant properties. The focus of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive profiling of chemical compositions and bioactives of fresh mature peas (specifically garden or field pea seeds) and by‐products of pea processing (pods and peels) that sets a foundation for assessment of their health benefits.
Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum with Temperature‐Tunable Q Factors and Critical Coupling Point at Brewster's Angle
Authors: Wu Bing‐Ru , Yang Jhen‐Hong , Pankin Pavel S. , Huang Chih‐Hsiang , Lee Wei , Maksimov Dmitrii N. , Timofeev Ivan V. , Chen Kuo‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuasibound state in the continuum (quasi‐BIC) is a long‐lived state with a high quality factor (Q factor). Here quasi‐BICs in nematic liquid crystal (LC) layer embedded between a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a metal layer are studied. First, a special class of true BICs between the DBR and the metal film with field localization provided by the Brewster transverse electric (TE) reflection in the DBR is experimentally demonstrated. It is demonstrated that the Q factor of the quasi‐BIC can be tuned by the LC optical axis rotation in a wide range being only restricted by metal losses. The change of coupling with the radiation channel leads to a critical coupling condition, providing a total absorption of incident light. The acquired quasi‐BIC resonance is extremely sensitive to the temperature due to the narrow nematic temperature range of the LC. The quasi‐BIC transforms to BIC at the LC‐isotropic clearing point, due to closing of the radiation channel.
Design Principles for the Enhanced Transparency Range of Correlated Transparent Conductors
Authors: Ha Youngkyoung , Byun Jinho , Lee Jaekwang , Lee Shinbuhm 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCorrelated transparent conductors (TCs) have attracted great attention because they can overcome the limitations of conventional TCs owing to their high visible transmittance and low sheet resistance. However, the most widely studied TC 3d1 SrVO3 exhibits low ultraviolet transmittance, and the recently investigated TC 4d2 SrMoO3 has low infrared transmittance. Here, it is proposed that the wide transparency range of correlated TCs arises from both high correlation strength and high transition energy from the O‐2p to the transition metal d orbitals. Applying this comprehensive design principle to single‐crystalline correlated metals, it is confirmed that correlated 4d1 SrNbO3 exhibits enhanced ultraviolet–visible–infrared transmittance, with low sheet resistance at room temperature, compared to 3d1 SrVO3 and 4d2 SrMoO3. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations reveal that the advantageous properties of 4d1 SrNbO3 can be attributed to high p–d transition energy and moderate correlation effect. The design principle can aid the discovery of additional high‐performance TC materials and further development of correlated TCs.
Principles of Fibrinogen Fiber Assembly In Vitro
Authors: Stamboroski Stephani , Joshi Arundhati , Noeske Paul‐Ludwig Michael , Köppen Susan , Brüggemann Dorothea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFibrinogen nanofibers hold great potential for applications in wound healing and personalized regenerative medicine due to their ability to mimic the native blood clot architecture. Although versatile strategies exist to induce fibrillogenesis of fibrinogen in vitro, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the associated length scales. Therefore, in this manuscript the current state of research on fibrinogen fibrillogenesis in vitro is reviewed. For the first time, the manifold factors leading to the assembly of fibrinogen molecules into fibers are categorized considering three main groups: substrate interactions, denaturing and non‐denaturing buffer conditions. Based on the meta‐analysis in the review it is concluded that the assembly of fibrinogen is driven by several mechanisms across different length scales. In these processes, certain buffer conditions, in particular the presence of salts, play a predominant role during fibrinogen self‐assembly compared to the surface chemistry of the substrate material. Yet, to tailor fibrous fibrinogen scaffolds with defined structure–function‐relationships for future tissue engineering applications, it still needs to be understood which particular role each of these factors plays during fiber assembly. Therefore, the future combination of experimental and simulation studies is proposed to understand the intermolecular interactions of fibrinogen, which induce the assembly of soluble fibrinogen into solid fibers.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Matrix‐Free Poly(Methyl Acrylate)‐Grafted Montmorillonite Nanosheets by Introducing Star Polymers and Hydrogen Bonding Moieties
Authors: Rauschendorfer Judith E. , Möckelmann Jytte , Vana Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMatrix‐free nanocomposite films of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets that imitate the microscopic structure of nacre are developed and their mechanical properties are studied in detail via tensile testing. The exfoliated MMT nanosheets are grafted with PMA via a grafting‐through radical addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in presence of a surface‐anchored ionic monomer. The mechanical properties are precisely tailored a) via the variation of the degree of polymerization of the surface‐grafted polymer, illustrating the impact of chain entanglement and the MMT content on the performance of the material, and b) via cross‐linking of the surface‐grafted polymer, either by partial change of the polymer topology from linear to star‐shape or by the introduction of hydrogen‐bonding units within the polymer. These experiments demonstrate the strong influence of the chain mobility of the surface‐grafted polymer on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite material.
Autoregulated and individualised resistance training versus predetermined and standardised resistance training in tendinopathy: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Burton Ian , McCormack Aisling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReview ObjectiveTo synthesise the best available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that have used autoregulated and individualised resistance training versus predetermined and standardised resistance training in treating any tendinopathy.IntroductionRecent evidence suggests that individualised exercise may be more effective than standardised exercise for musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy. However, no systematic reviews have been conducted on the topic and optimal treatment protocols and clinical recommendations are lacking.Inclusion CriteriaRandomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of autoregulated and individualised resistance training versus predetermined and standardised resistance training for tendinopathy in adults will be included.MethodsThe authors will search for a wide range of sources to find both published and unpublished studies via EBSCOhost, including, but not limited to, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database. Studies published in a language other than English will only be considered if a translation is available. The Joanna Briggs Institute systematic review methodology will be followed when conducting the review. Data synthesis will be conducted using meta‐analysis or narrative synthesis, where appropriate.
Clinicopathologic and Genomic Characterization of PD-L1 Positive Urothelial Carcinomas
Authors: Huang Richard S.P. , Haberberger James , Harries Lukas , Severson Eric , Duncan Daniel L. , Ferguson N. Lynn , Hemmerich Amanda , Edgerly Claire , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Xiao Jinpeng , McEwan Deborah , Holmes Oliver , Hiemenz Matthew , Venstrom Jeffrey , Elvin Julia A. , Creeden James , Lin Douglas I. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Ramkissoon Shakti H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Pembrolizumab was approved with an accompanying companion diagnostic (CDx) assay (PD-L1 DAKO 22C3) for urothelial carcinoma (UC). In this study, we further characterize the clinicopathologic and genomic features of UC that are programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive.

Materials and Methods
The cohort of this study consisted of a total of 528 consecutive UC patients with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). All PD-L1 IHC testing was performed using the DAKO 22C3 CDx assay for UC. PD-L1 positivity was determined at a combined positive score ≥ 10.

Results
A total of 44.5% (235/528) patients with UC were PD-L1positive. A lower PD-L1 positivity rate was detected in primary (42.3%, 148/350) versus metastatic sites (48.9%, 87/178). PD-L1 positivity was dependent on the location of the metastatic sites. CGP revealed PD-L1positive patients had more frequent genomic alterations (GAs) in TP53 (p = .006) and RB1 (p = .003) and less frequent GAs in FGFR3 (p = .001) and MTAP (p = .028). The APOBEC mutational signature and tumor mutational burden (TMB)-high were more common in PD-L1positive patients. By testing patients with UC with CGP, in addition to PD-L1 IHC, an additional 97 patients (18.4%) in the total cohort were eligible for immunotherapy based on TMB status.

Conclusion
PD-L1positive and PD-L1negative urothelial carcinomas are genomically different. Also, our study provides the framework for future clinical investigation with regard to specimen site selection for PD-L1 testing as well as candidate biomarker genomic alterations that may predict for better response or lack of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Implications for Practice
In this study, a higher prevalence of TP53 and RB1 alterations and APOBEC mutational signatures in the PD-L1positive urothelial carcinoma disease subset and enrichment of FGFR3 alterations in the PD-L1negative disease subset were found. These data provide the basis for future investigation into the role of these genomic changes as positive and negative predictors of immunotherapy response. Also, differences wer seen in PD-L1 positivity based on the collection site of the sample, which can provide a framework for future clinical trial design and could influence sample selection for PD-L1 testing in patients with urothelial carcinoma when multiple samples are available.
Effect of physiological aging on binocular vision
Authors: Yan Fang‐Fang , Lv Hongyu , Fan Shuhan , Chen Lijun , Wu Yifan , Huang Chang‐Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe see the world with two eyes. Binocular vision provides more ample information through interocular interaction. Previous studies have shown that aging impairs a variety of visual functions, but how aging affects binocular vision is still unclear. In this study, we measured three typical binocular functions—binocular combination, binocular rivalry, and stereo vision—to investigate aging‐related effects on binocular vision in a relatively large sample (48 younger adults and 27 older adults) with normal or corrected‐to‐normal distance vision and no ophthalmological and mental diseases. We found that there were no consistent aging‐related declines in binocular vision, with the worst effect on alternation frequency in binocular rivalry and no effect on binocular phase combination and stereo vision tested by Titmus. In addition, aging changed the correlation pattern among some of these binocular functions. These results reflected (at least partially) different aging‐related mechanism(s) in binocular vision.
The diagnostic efficacy of exome data analysis using fixed neurodevelopmental gene lists: Implications for prenatal setting
Authors: Sukenik‐Halevy Rivka , Ruhrman‐Shahar Noa , Orenstein Naama , Gonzaga‐Jauregui Claudia , Shuldiner Alan R. , Magal Nurit , Hagari Ofir , Azulay Noy , Lidzbarsky Gabriel A. , Bazak Lily , Basel‐Salmon Lina 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveLaboratories performing prenatal exome sequencing (ES) frequently limit analysis to predetermined gene lists. We used a diagnostic postnatal ES cohort to assess how many of the genes diagnosed are not included in a number of select fixed lists used for prenatal diagnosis.MethodsOf 601 postnatal ES tests, pathogenic variants related to neurodevelopmental disorders were detected in 138 probands. We evaluated if causative genes were present in the following: (1) Developmental Disorders Genotype–Phenotype database list, (2) a commercial laboratory list for prenatal ES, (3) the PanelApp fetal anomalies panel, and (4) a published list used for prenatal diagnosis by ES (Prenatal Assessment of Genomes and Exomes study).ResultsThe percentages of cases where the diagnosed gene was not included in the selected four lists were; 11.6%, 17.24%, 23.2%, and 10.9%, respectively. In 13/138 (9.4%) cases, the causative gene was not included in any of the lists; in 4/13 (∼30%) cases noninclusion was explained by a relatively recent discovery of gene–phenotype association.ConclusionsA significant number of genes related to neurocognitive phenotypes are not included in some of the lists used for prenatal ES data interpretation. These are not only genes related to recently discovered disorders, but also genes with well‐established gene–phenotype.
Effects of Sm3+/PMAA on mechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber latex film
Authors: Zhang Li , Liao Lusheng , Chen Jing , Ma Lin , Zhang Fuquan , Huang Qianqian , Ju Guoxian , Chen Meilian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSamarium carbonate [Sm2(CO3)3] was taken as the source of Sm3+, and methyl acrylic acid (MAA) was employed as the precursor to prepare polymethacrylic acid (PMAA). The mixture of Sm2(CO3)3 and PMAA was marked as “SmP.” The SmP prepared under different conditions was added to natural rubber (NR) latex to prepare NR/SmP films. The influence of the polymerization temperature of MAA and the amount of SmP on the mechanical properties and structure of NR/SmP films were analyzed. The results show that polymerization temperature has significant effect on the mechanical properties of NR/SmP film; lower temperature is benefit to improve modulus and rigidity, whereas higher temperature helps maintain good elasticity. Compared with neat NR, addition of 5‐phr Sm2(CO3)3 results in a 30%–37% increase of tensile strength. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) can also be increased by the addition of SmP; and the tan δ curves of all samples exhibit only one transition peak and indicate no phase separation between SmP and NR matrix. The influence of SmP on the structure and morphology of NR was explored by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis; and the results show that SmP can be dispersed uniformly in the NR latex when loading of Sm2(CO3)3 is lower than 20 phr.
Ternary‐organic photovoltaics with J71 as donor and two compatible nonfullerene acceptors
Authors: Wang Yue , Xu Chunyu , Wang Chong , Yan Yutong , Sun Qianqian , Ma Xiaoling , Zhang Fujun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecombining the advantages on photovoltaic parameters of two binary‐organic photovoltaics (OPVs) into one ternary cell is an efficient strategy for selecting materials, in addition to the absorption spectra complementary among the used materials. The binary‐OPVs with J71:BTP‐4F‐12 exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.70%, along with a short‐circuit‐current‐density (JSC) of 23.61 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit‐voltage (VOC) of 0.841 V and a fill factor (FF) of 58.99%. Although the relatively low PCE of 10.92% and JSC of 16.59 mA cm−2 are achieved in J71:ITIC‐based binary‐OPVs, the VOC of 0.935 V and FF of 70.40% are impressive compared with J71:BTP‐4F‐12‐based OPVs. Optimal ternary‐OPVs are achieved with J71:BTP‐4F‐12:ITIC as active layers by weight ratio of 1:0.48:0.72, delivering a markedly increased PCE of 13.05% with a VOC of 0.903 V, a JSC of 21.27 mA cm−2 and a FF of 68.20%. An over 11.5% PCE improvement is obtained by recombining the advantages of binary‐OPVs into ternary‐OPVs with ITIC as photon harvesting reinforcing agent and morphology regulator. The good compatibility between BTP‐4F‐12 and ITIC provides large room to well optimize their relative content for achieving the well balanced three key photovoltaic parameters of ternary‐OPVs.
Blast Wave Shaping by Altering Cross‐Sectional Shape
Authors: Williams Kelly , Langenderfer Martin J. , Olbricht Gayla , Johnson Catherine E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStandoff distances for people and equipment are determined using a scaled distance calculation that assumes a uniform distribution of explosive energy, which only occurs with center‐initiated spherical charges in free air without ground effects. There is a significant amount of data available for spheres and cylinders in air and hemispheres on the ground, but little has been published for other geometries. Published studies of spherical, cylindrical, and planar charges demonstrate that there is a focus on the blast wave resulting from charge geometry. From these studies, it appears that the highest overpressure occurs in the orientation of the largest presented surface area. This paper presents experimental pressure data recorded from the detonation of spherical, cylindrical, and cubic charges at two scaled distances. The non‐spherical charges were instrumented normal to two adjacent sides and the interjacent edge. The pressure normal to the sides of the cubic and cylindrical charges was up to 1.5 times that of the spherical charge in the near field, but lower in the far‐field indicating that a simple multiplication factor will not accurately predict the overpressure over distance for complex charges from spherical data. The sides of the cubic charge produced a near field overpressure relative to its surface area consistent with those observed from the side and end of the cylindrical charge. In the far‐field, the pressure from the sides of the charge was less than that of the sphere indicating that there is a lateral movement of energy behind the shock front causing a reversal of peak pressure in the measured orientations.
Cooperative hydrophobic core interactions in the β‐trefoil architecture
Authors: Blaber Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSymmetric protein architectures have a compelling aesthetic that suggests a plausible evolutionary process (i.e., gene duplication/fusion) yielding complex architecture from a simpler structural motif. Furthermore, symmetry inspires a practical approach to computational protein design that substantially reduces the combinatorial explosion problem, and may provide practical solutions for structure optimization. Despite such broad relevance, the role of structural symmetry in the key area of hydrophobic core‐packing cooperativity has not been adequately studied. In the present report, the threefold rotational symmetry intrinsic to the β‐trefoil architecture is shown to form a geometric basis for highly‐cooperative core‐packing interactions that both stabilize the local repeating motif and promote oligomerization/long‐range contacts in the folding process. Symmetry in the β‐trefoil structure also permits tolerance towards mutational drift that involves a structural quasi‐equivalence at several key core positions.