bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the thermomechanical properties of peroxide/co‐agent assisted thermoplastic vulcanizates through temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements
Authors: Bhattacharya Asit Baran , M. Gopalan Anagha , Chatterjee Tuhin , Vennemann Norbert , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTemperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR) measurement of peroxide vulcanized polymer blends of polypropylene (PP) and ultrahigh molecular‐EPDM (UHM‐EPDM) rubber has been performed to study the thermomechanical behavior of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Co‐agents play crucial roles in the enhancement of properties of TPVs. Different types of co‐agents (Triallyl cyanurate‐TAC; N, N‐m‐phenylene‐dimaleimide‐HVA2; zinc dimethacrylate‐ZDMA; and in‐situ formed zinc dimethacrylate‐ZMA) have been explored in this work. TSSR study shows that higher T50 and T90 values have been achieved in ZMA co‐agent assisted‐TPV. Higher TSSR‐index (RI) value was also found for the same co‐agent ZMA, indicating higher elastic behavior. TSSR result supports the mechanical and rheological properties, and it is found that the ZMA and ZDMA show higher mechanical strength. Cross‐linked‐density calculated by modified Flory–Rehner equation and the cross‐link‐density as obtained from TSSR method have been compared and the trend was found to be the same. Stress relaxation study shows the slow relaxation‐phenomena of the ZMA‐TPV with slowest relaxation‐time (θr) than the other TPVs, which correlates with superior material strength. Thermogravimetric analysis proves that there is a difference in degradation temperature of the blends at approximately 5–10°C. Ultrahigh molecular weight‐EPDM/PP based TPVs reveal superior thermomechanical and physico‐mechanical properties with ZMA and ZDMA co‐agent over TAC and HVA2. These ultrahigh molecular weight‐EPDM based TPVs can be used in automotive seals/strips, hoses, bellows, and 2 K‐molds for automotive applications.
Three‐dimensional X‐ray‐computed tomography of 3300‐ to 6000‐year‐old Citrullus seeds from Libya and Egypt compared to extant seeds throws doubts on species assignments
Authors: Wolcott Katherine A. , Chomicki Guillaume , Staedler Yannick M. , Wasylikowa Krystyna , Nesbitt Mark , Schönenberger Jürg , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: August 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe watermelon (Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris) is among the world's most important fruit crops. We here use C‐14 dating and morphometric analysis to test whether ancient seeds can be identified to species level, which would help document food expansion, innovation, and diversity in Northeastern Africa. We dated a Libyan seed to 6182–6001 calibrated years BP, making it the oldest Citrullus seed known. Morphometric analysis could not reliably assign ancient seeds to particular species, but several seeds showed breakage patterns characteristic of modern watermelon seeds cracked by human teeth. Our study contributes to the understanding of the early history of watermelon use by humans, who may have mostly snacked on the seeds, and cautions against the use of morphology alone to identify Citrullus archaeological samples.
End group analysis of poly(methylmethacrylate)s using the most abundant peak in electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform–based noise filtering
Authors: Omae Mizuki , Ozeki Yuka , Kitagawa Shinya , Ohtani Hajime 
Published: August 2021

RationaleWe recently developed the characterization method for synthetic polymers weighing more than a few tens of kilodalton using electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐tandem mass spectrometry, in which the m/z value of the most abundant peak was used for characterization. However, the identification of the most abundant peak from the isotopic peaks was often difficult due to the background noise.MethodsHere, we employed a noise reduction method using Fourier transform (FT) filtering. In the power spectrum obtained using FT of the mass spectrum of the multiple charged analytes, the significant signals in the low‐frequency region and at frequency z are observed for the analytes of z charges. When the signals in both regions were used for inversed FT (i.e., the signals in other regions were zero padded), a noise‐filtered mass spectrum was obtained.ResultsIn the analysis of poly(methylmethacrylate)s weighing 13–17 kDa, mass spectra without noise filtering with relatively high‐intensity noise (than signal) were complicated to identify the most abundant peak. On the contrary, the most abundant peak was clearly identified from the mass spectra after FT‐based noise filtering, and end group composition was estimated successfully.ConclusionsThe proposed FT‐based noise filtering for the mass spectrum is effective to characterize multiply charged synthetic polymers weighing more than a few tens of kilodalton using electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐tandem mass spectrometry.
Quantitative electrospray ionization efficiency scale: 10 years after
Authors: Oss Merit , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Kruve Anneli , Liigand Piia , Liigand Jaanus , Rebane Riin , Selberg Sigrid , Ets Kristel , Herodes Koit , Leito Ivo 
Published: August 2021

RationaleThe first comprehensive quantitative scale of the efficiency of electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive mode by monoprotonation, containing 62 compounds, was published in 2010. Several trends were found between the compound structure and ionization efficiency (IE) but, possibly because of the limited diversity of the compounds, some questions remained. This work undertakes to align the new data with the originally published IE scale and carry out statistical analysis of the resulting more extensive and diverse data set to derive more grounded relationships and offer a possibility of predicting logIE values.MethodsRecently, several new IE studies with numerous compounds have been conducted. In several of them, more detailed investigations of the influence of compound structure, solvent properties, or instrument settings have been conducted. IE data from these studies and results from this work were combined, and the multilinear regression method was applied to relate IE to various compound parameters.ResultsThe most comprehensive IE scale available, containing 334 compounds of highly diverse chemical nature and spanning 6 orders of magnitude of IE, has been compiled. Several useful trends were revealed.ConclusionsThe ESI ionization efficiency of a compound by protonation is mainly affected by three factors: basicity (expressed by pKaH in water), molecular size (expressed by molar volume or surface area), and hydrophobicity of the ion (expressed by charge delocalization in the ion or its partition coefficient between a water–acetonitrile mixture and hexane). The presented models can be used for tentative prediction of logIE of new compounds (under the used conditions) from parameters that can be computed using commercially available software. The root mean square error of prediction is in the range of 0.7–0.8 log units.
An efficient recursive identification algorithm for multilinear systems based on tensor decomposition
Authors: Wang Yanjiao , Yang Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are many important fields involving the multilinear system identification. A great number of parameters to be identified is an important challenge, leading to the need for tensorial decomposition and modeling of such systems. This article is about the parameter estimation of the higher‐order multilinear systems with non‐Gaussian noises and to explore the role of tensor algebra in the multilinear model identification. A high‐dimension system identification problem is reformulated in terms of low‐dimension problems by using the tensorial decomposition technique. Further, applying the multi‐innovation identification theory, the recursive algorithm combining with the logarithmic p‐norms is investigated for multilinear systems with non‐Gaussian noises of low computational complexity. Finally, some simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed recursive identification method.
Ready, Set, Write: Early Learning Standards for Writing in the Common Core Era
Authors: Tortorelli Laura S. , Gerde Hope K. , Rohloff Rebecca , Bingham Gary E. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTEarly writing skills are among the strongest predictors of later reading and writing achievement; however, these crucial skills are often neglected in early childhood classrooms. In this article, we present a systematic, quantitative content analysis of early learning standards (for ages 3–5) in states that were using the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts at the time of analysis. We identified 458 discrete early learning writing standards across 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Head Start (publication dates ranged from 2004 to 2018). We coded standards for the domains of writing skills addressed (transcription, composition, and/or writing concepts) in two stages, human coding and computer‐assisted coding, and we coded some standards as addressing multiple domains. Results indicated that more than half (53.7%) of early writing standards addressed transcription. Composition was addressed in 38.4% of the standards and writing concepts in 26.6%. Within the transcription category, 95.4% of the standards addressed handwriting, and only 12.3% addressed spelling. More standards addressed handwriting specifically than all composition skills combined. The early learning standards across states varied considerably in how well they aligned with the Common Core for the early elementary grades (K–2). Early childhood standards rarely asked young children to create their own texts, whereas the Common Core includes expectations for composing in multiple genres. Early learning standards provided little guidance for comprehensive writing instruction that integrates writing skills across domains, and indicated potential misalignment in how writing is conceptualized and taught in preschool and elementary contexts.
Long non‐coding RNA NORAD aggravates acute myocardial infarction by promoting fibrosis and apoptosis via miR‐577/COBLL1 axis
Authors: Xiong Xiaojv , Liu Jinhua , He Qin , Dai Rui , Zhang Hui , Cao Zhe , Liao Yuanxi , Liu Bo , Zhou Yi , Chen Juan , Liu Jijun , Chen Manhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common and serious cardiovascular diseases. With high morbidity and mortality, AMI has attracted the most attention. Emerging studies indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the progression of AMI. However, the role of NORAD in AMI remained unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of NORAD in AMI. Bioinformatics tools and a wide range of assays including RT‐qPCR, flow cytometry, TTC staining, western blot, luciferase reporter and caspase‐3 activity assays were conducted to investigate the function and mechanism of NORAD in AMI. We found out that NORAD was significantly upregulated in AMI rats. Knockdown of NORAD alleviated H9c2 cell injury by reducing apoptosis and decreasing expression levels of fibrogenic factors. In addition, NORAD inhibition ameliorated AMI in a rat model by decreasing infarct size and fibrosis. We confirmed that NORAD bound to miR‐577, which was downregulated in ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) rats and hypoxia‐exposed H9c2 cells. Additionally, miR‐577 combined with the 3′UTR of COBLL1, which was upregulated in I/R rats and hypoxia‐exposed H9c2 cells. At last, rescue assay validated that the suppressive effects of NORAD knockdown on apoptosis and expression levels of fibrogenic factors were counteracted by COBLL1 overexpression. Overall, NORAD aggravates acute myocardial infarction by promoting fibrosis and apoptosis via the miR‐577/COBLL1 axis. This novel discovery suggested that NORAD may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AMI patients.
B‐flow/spatiotemporal image correlation M‐mode: novel ultrasound method that detects decrease in spiral artery luminal diameter in first trimester in primate model of impaired spiral artery remodeling
Authors: Turan O. M. , Babischkin J. S. , Aberdeen G. W. , Turan S. , Harman C. R. , Pepe G. J. , Albrecht E. D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine if B‐flow/spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) M‐mode ultrasonography detects a decrease in spiral artery luminal diameter and volume flow during the first trimester in a non‐human primate model of impaired spiral artery remodeling (SAR).MethodsPregnant baboons were treated daily with estradiol benzoate on days 25–59 of the first trimester (term, 184 days), or remained untreated. On day 60 of gestation, spiral artery luminal diameter (in seven untreated and 12 estradiol‐treated baboons) and volume flow (in four untreated and eight estradiol‐treated baboons) were quantified by B‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasonography. In addition, in 15 untreated and 18 estradiol‐treated baboons, the percent of spiral arteries remodeled by extravillous trophoblasts was quantified ex vivo by immunohistochemical image analysis on placental basal plate tissue collected via Cesarean section on day 60. Findings were compared between treated and untreated animals. The correlation between spiral artery luminal diameter and percent of SAR was assessed in three untreated and six estradiol‐treated baboons which underwent both B‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasound and quantification of SAR.ResultsThe proportion of spiral arteries greater than 50 µm in diameter remodeled by extravillous trophoblasts was 70% lower in estradiol‐treated baboons than in untreated animals (P = 0.000001). Spiral artery luminal diameter in systole and diastole, as quantified by B‐flow/STIC M‐mode in the first trimester of pregnancy, was 31% (P = 0.014) and 50% (P = 0.005) lower, respectively, and volume flow was 85% lower (P = 0.014), in SAR‐suppressed baboons compared with untreated animals. There was a significant correlation between spiral artery luminal diameter as quantified by B‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasonography and the percent of SAR (P < 0.05).ConclusionB‐flow/STIC M‐mode ultrasonography provides a novel real‐time non‐invasive method to detect a decrease in uterine spiral artery luminal diameter and volume flow during the cardiac cycle, reflecting decreased distensibility of the vessel wall, in the first trimester in a non‐human primate model of defective SAR. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Clinical experience with non‐invasive prenatal screening for single‐gene disorders
Authors: Mohan P. , Lemoine J. , Trotter C. , Rakova I. , Billings P. , Peacock S. , Kao C.‐Y. , Wang Y. , Xia F. , Eng C. M. , Benn P. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the performance of a non‐invasive prenatal screening test (NIPT) for a panel of dominant single‐gene disorders (SGD) with a combined population incidence of 1 in 600.MethodsCell‐free fetal DNA isolated from maternal plasma samples accessioned from 14 April 2017 to 27 November 2019 was analyzed by next‐generation sequencing, targeting 30 genes, to look for pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants implicated in 25 dominant conditions. The conditions included Noonan spectrum disorders, skeletal disorders, craniosynostosis syndromes, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Alagille syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, epileptic encephalopathy, SYNGAP1‐related intellectual disability, CHARGE syndrome, Sotos syndrome and Rett syndrome. NIPT‐SGD was made available as a clinical service to women with a singleton pregnancy at ≥ 9 weeks' gestation, with testing on maternal and paternal genomic DNA to assist in interpretation. A minimum of 4.5% fetal fraction was required for test interpretation. Variants identified in the mother were deemed inconclusive with respect to fetal carrier status. Confirmatory prenatal or postnatal diagnostic testing was recommended for all screen‐positive patients and follow‐up information was requested. The screen‐positive rates with respect to the clinical indication for testing were evaluated.ResultsA NIPT‐SGD result was available for 2208 women, of which 125 (5.7%) were positive. Elevated test‐positive rates were observed for referrals with a family history of a disorder on the panel (20/132 (15.2%)) or a primary indication of fetal long‐bone abnormality (60/178 (33.7%)), fetal craniofacial abnormality (6/21 (28.6%)), fetal lymphatic abnormality (20/150 (13.3%)) or major fetal cardiac defect (4/31 (12.9%)). For paternal age ≥ 40 years as a sole risk factor, the test‐positive rate was 2/912 (0.2%). Of the 125 positive cases, follow‐up information was available for 67 (53.6%), with none classified as false‐positive. No false‐negative cases were identified.ConclusionsNIPT can assist in the early detection of a set of SGD, particularly when either abnormal ultrasound findings or a family history is present. Additional clinical studies are needed to evaluate the optimal design of the gene panel, define target populations and assess patient acceptability. NIPT‐SGD offers a safe and early prenatal screening option. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers of Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sharifi‐Sarasiabi Khojasteh , Heydari‐Hengami Mehrgan , Shokri Azar , HosseyniTeshnizi Saeed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood handlers regardless of whether preparing or serving food, play key roles in the transmission of food‐borne infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Iran. In the present study, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex and Iran Doc, to identify all the published studies from 2000 to 31st April 2019. A total of 25 articles from different regions of Iran were identified and fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Totally, 140,447 cases were examined and 1163 cases were infected with intestinal parasites. Of all cases, 19,516 were male and 5901 were female with 1163 and 652 infected cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was evaluated 14.0% [95% CI: 11.0‐17.0%]. It is revealed that protozoan, such as Giardia lamblia, with prevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 25.0‐59.0%], Blastosystis hominis with 28.0% [95% CI: 15.0‐44.0%] and Entamoeba coli with 22.0% [95% CI: 16.0‐29.0%] had the highest prevalence while, Dientamoeba fragilis 5.0% [95% CI: 4.0‐7.0%], Iodamoeba bütschlii 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐8.0%], Chilomastix mesnili 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐9.0%] and Endolimax nana with 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐7.0%], were less prevalent. Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides7.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐29.0%] was more prevalent helminth followed with Enterobius vermicularis 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐5.0%], Hymenolepis nana 2.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐3.0%], Taenia spp. 2.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐7.0%] and Trichuris trichiura 1.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐1.0%]. The high prevalence of commensal parasites, such as Entamoeba coli, which does not need cure is indicating the importance of personal hygiene in food handlers.Our results revealed the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers in Iran. Monitoring programs to prevent and controlling of transmission to individuals are needed.
The axion-baryon coupling in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory
Authors: Vonk Thomas , Guo Feng-Kun , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the past, the axion-nucleon coupling has been calculated in the framework of SU(2) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory up to third order in the chiral power counting. Here, we extend these earlier studies to the case of heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory with SU(3) flavor symmetry and derive the axion coupling to the full SU(3) baryon octet, showing that the axion also significantly couples to hyperons. As studies on dense nuclear matter suggest the possible existence of hyperons in stellar objects such as neutron stars, our results should have phenomenological implications related to the so-called axion window.
The disk partition function in string theory
Authors: Eberhardt Lorenz , Pal Sridip 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the disk partition function for the open string. This is a subtle problem because of the presence of a residual gauge group PSL(2, ℝ) on the worldsheet even after fixing the conformal gauge. It naively has infinite volume and leads to a vanishing answer. We use different methods that all demonstrate that PSL(2, ℝ) effectively behaves like a group with finite negative volume in the path integral, which leads to a simple prescription for the computation of the disk partition function. We apply our findings to give a simple rederivation of the D-brane tensions.
Small-momentum expansion of heavy-quark correlators in the large-β0 limit and αs extractions
Authors: Boito Diogo , Mateu Vicent , Rodrigues Marcus V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We calculate the small-momentum expansion of vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudo-scalar heavy-quark current correlators in the large-β0 limit of QCD, extending the analysis of Grozin and Sturm beyond the vector current. Our results are used to study the higher-order behaviour of dimensionless ratios of vector and pseudo-scalar moments used for the precise extraction of the strong coupling, αs, from relativistic quarkonium sum rules and lattice data, respectively. We show that these ratios benefit from a partial cancellation of the leading renormalon singularities. Our results can guide the design of combinations of moments with improved perturbative behaviour.
Strong anomaly and phases of chiral gauge theories
Authors: Bolognesi Stefano , Konishi Kenichi , Luzio Andrea 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a simple argument which seems to favor, when applied to a large class of strongly-coupled chiral gauge theories, a dynamical-Higgs-phase scenario, characterized by certain bifermion condensates. Flavor symmetric confining vacua described in the infrared by a set of baryonlike massless composite fermions saturating the conventional ’t Hooft anomaly matching equations, appear instead disfavored. Our basic criterion is that it should be possible to write a strong-anomaly effective action, analogous to the one used in QCD to describe the solution of the U(1)A problem in the low-energy effective action, by using the low-energy degrees of freedom in the hypothesized infrared theory. We also comment on some well-known ideas such as the complementarity and the large N planar dominance in the context of these chiral gauge theories. Some striking analogies and contrasts between the massless QCD and chiral gauge theories seem to emerge from this discussion.