bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEV1 is independently related with impaired left atrial strain in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A speckle tracking study
Authors: Kalaycıoğlu Ezgi , Çetin Mustafa , Kırış Tuncay , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Turan Turhan , Yılmaz Ahmet Seyda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. It is known that impaired forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) can detect deterioration of left atrial mechanical functions in the subclinical stage. We hypothesized that reduced lung functions, measured by FEV1 in COPD patients, may be associated with impaired left atrial (LA) mechanical functions.ObjectivesPresent study included 127 consecutive COPD patients. We divided study population into two groups: patients with normal LA strain (n = 20) or with impaired LA strain (n = 107).ResultsIn univariate logistic regression analysis, age (p: 0.001), FEV1% (p < 0.001), FEV1 (p < 0.001), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p: 0.014), white blood cell (p: 0.012), LA Max vol (p: 0.026), C‐reactive protein (p :0.001), arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) (p: 0.019), arterial oxygen saturation (SO2) (p: 0.021), left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (p: 0.042), and mitral A‐wave velocity (p: 0.017) were associated with impaired LA‐strain. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (p: 0.043), FEV1 (p < 0.001), LA Max vol (p: 0.004), and LVEF (p: 0.004) were independently associated with impaired LA strain.ConclusionFEV1 is associated with impaired left atrial strain independently of arterial blood gas and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction parameters in COPD patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function.
Multimodal imaging changed clinical decision‐making: A rare mediastinal yolk sac tumor infiltrating the heart and follow‐up
Authors: Yang Qun , Liu Hongyun , Liu Yani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary yolk sac tumor of the mediastinum is an extremely rare and highly malignant neoplasm, affecting mainly young men.Method and resultThis case report describes a 60‐year‐old man with a mediastinal yolk sac tumor and infiltrating the heart. A large mobile mass was found in the right atrium by transthoracic echocardiography, and myxoma was suspected. However, contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography imaging revealed a remarkable enhancement in the mass. Highly metabolized mass was not only found in the right atrium, also in superior vena cava and right superior mediastinum by whole‐body positron emission tomography‐computed tomography. Supraclavicular lymph node biopsy confirmed the tumor as a primary mediastinum yolk sac. The tumor started to shrink during chemotherapy and AFP levels decreased. This patient significantly benefited from the chemotherapy.ConclusionMultimodal imaging plays a vital role in the diagnostic workup and management for cardiac mass.
Applying Evidence‐Centered Design in the Development of a Multidimensional Adaptive Reading Motivation Measure
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Kingston Neal M. , Davis Marcia H. , Tiemann Gail C. , Tonks Stephen , Hock Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptive tests are more efficient than fixed‐length tests through the use of item response theory; adaptive tests also present students questions that are tailored to their proficiency level. Although the adaptive algorithm is straightforward, developing a multidimensional computer adaptive test (MCAT) measure is complex. Evidence‐centered design (ECD) can provide a highly structured framework to guide the development of a MCAT. In this paper, the development of the adaptive reading motivation measure (ARMM) demonstrates the process of applying ECD to the development of a MCAT measure. This paper focuses on the conceptual assessment framework layer of the ECD that guides the technical aspects of MCAT development. The five models of conceptual assessment framework layer are student model, task model, evidence model, assembly model, and presentation model. How each model guided the development of the ARMM is described in detail. In this paper, we demonstrate how the conceptual assessment framework in ECD can provide a useful structure for developing MCAT measures.
Role of psoriatic keratinocytes in the metabolic reprogramming of dermal mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Cao Yue , Liang Nan‐Nan , Chang Wen‐Juan , Li Jun‐Qin , Jiao Juan‐Juan , Hou Rui‐Xia , Li Juan , Zhang Kai‐Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease, featured by epidermal hyperproliferation. Psoriasis exhibits metabolic abnormalities, which can further aggravate the condition of psoriasis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of psoriatic keratinocytes (KCs) in the metabolic reprogramming of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs).MethodsDermal mesenchymal stem cells were cocultured with primary KCs either from psoriatic lesions or from normal subjects using Transwell plate. Glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism of DMSCs were detected by Seahorse Metabolic Analyzer. Expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. DMSCs proliferation was assessed using 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay and Cell Counting Kit‐8.ResultsIn comparison with normal KCs, coculture of psoriatic KCs with DMSCs dramatically increased glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, and expression levels of stem cell factor, epidermal growth factor, glucose transporter 1, and c‐Myc. Moreover, psoriatic KCs were more potent than normal KCs in the stimulation of DMSC proliferation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, psoriatic KCs display a higher potency in metabolic reprogramming and stimulation of DMSC proliferation, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, whether the intervention of metabolic reprogramming of DMSCs can alleviate psoriasis remains to be determined.
Concentration effect on oxygen quenching behavior of EuxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 and DyxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 phosphors
Authors: Yang Lixia , Zhong Bofeng , Kou Zongde , Peng Di , Chen Zhaofeng , Yu Min , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of oxygen partial pressure on the phosphorescence of EuxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 and DyxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 (x = 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05) phosphors was investigated and compared to explore the Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Eu3+, Dy3+) concentration effect on oxygen quenching using a lifetime‐based measurement system equipped with a heatable and pressure controllable chamber. The phosphorescence lifetimes of these two series of phosphors were found to be sensitive to the oxygen partial pressure in high‐temperature environments. Surprisingly, the oxygen sensitivity of DyxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 phosphors markedly increases as the Dy3+ concentration increases, while that of EuxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 phosphors remains nearly constant. Further analysis shows that the oxygen quenching phenomenon is attributable to an oxygen vacancy‐induced non‐radiative decay reduction. However, the mechanisms of non‐radiative decay affected by oxygen vacancies differ, with a charge transfer state (CTS) transition mechanism in EuxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 and a cross‐relaxation mechanism in DyxY0.08‐xZr0.92O1.96 phosphors. The CTS measured from the excitation spectrum is found to be independent of the Eu3+ concentration. In contrast, cross‐relaxation is closely related to the Dy3+ concentration, as demonstrated by the concentration‐quenching behaviours of the phosphorescence intensities and lifetimes, and the non‐exponential decay curves. The present research was expected to shed light on the development and optimization of oxygen/pressure sensors for high‐temperature service.
Revealing the solid‐state processing mechanisms of antiferroelectric AgNbO3 for energy storage
Authors: Zhang Mao‐Hua , Carstensen Leif , Zhao Changhao , Fulanović Lovro , Donner Wolfgang , Koruza Jurij 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgNbO3 is one of the prominent lead‐free antiferroelectric (AFE) oxides, which readily exhibits a field‐induced AFE to ferroelectric phase transition and thus a high energy storage density. The solid‐state synthesis of AgNbO3 is considered difficult and an oxidizing atmosphere is typically employed during AgNbO3 processing, on the premise that oxygen can prevent possible decomposition of the silver oxide at high temperatures. However, details about the influence of processing parameters on the functional properties of AFE AgNbO3 are insufficiently understood. In this work, the solid‐state reaction of a stoichiometric AgO and Nb2O5 mixture was investigated. We found that ball milling can convert AgO into metallic Ag, which is beneficial for lowering the reaction temperature for the formation of the perovskite phase to 500‒600℃. Moreover, the influence of the processing atmosphere (air, O2, and N2) was investigated by thermal analysis and in situ X‐ray diffraction. Since the reaction between Ag and Nb2O5 to form AgNbO3 requires oxygen uptake, AgNbO3 was only found to form in air and O2, whereby the kinetics were faster in the latter case. All the sintered AgNbO3 samples exhibited a similar crystallographic structure, although the samples processed in O2 had a lower oxygen vacancy concentration. Despite this, well‐defined AFE double polarization loops were obtained in all cases. Our results indicate that decomposition of sliver oxide during ball milling is beneficial for the solid‐state reaction, while a pure O2 atmosphere is not essential for the synthesis of high‐quality AgNbO3. These findings may simplify the processing and facilitate further research of AgNbO3‐based antiferroelectrics.
Cross‐cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety: An East‐West comparative study
Authors: Fish Jennifer A. , Sharplin Greg , Wang Lyu , An Yan , Fan Xiuzhen , Eckert Marion 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare levels of nurse burnout across eastern and western cultures, as well as examine the influence of burnout on patient safety cross‐culturally.DesignComparative cross‐sectional study.MethodsSurvey data were collected from nurses between August and October 2017 in Australia (n = 730) and between April and October 2019 in China (n = 1107). Variables included burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment), nurse leadership and support, staffing and resource adequacy, and perceived patient safety. Data were analysed separately for each jurisdiction using bootstrapped hierarchical regressions, which tested the relationships between burnout indicators and patient safety, controlling for support resources.ResultsEmotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were significantly higher in the Australian sample compared with the Chinese sample. Australian participants reported significantly lower patient safety grades than Chinese participants and were less likely to agree that support resources were present in their current job. Separate regressions indicated that patient safety was significantly associated with staffing and resource adequacy, nurse leadership and support, and depersonalization among Australian participants (30% of variance explained in the final regression model), while staffing and resource adequacy, nurse leadership and support, personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion predicted patient safety for Chinese participants (22% of variance explained in the final model).ConclusionAustralian nurses are at greater risk of burnout than Chinese nurses. Burnout dimensions are differentially associated with patient safety across cultures. Culturally relevant interventions may be more optimal than universal approaches for improving burnout and patient safety in nursing.ImpactThis study increased understanding of cross‐cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety. Australian nurses were at greater risk of burnout than Chinese nurses. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment influenced patient safety distinctively across the countries. These findings inform interventions designed to reduce nurse burnout and improve patient safety internationally.
The amoebae of Idionectes vortex (Cutosea, Amoebozoa): Motility, cytoskeleton architecture and extracellular scales
Authors: Hess Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Cutosea represent a deep‐branching lineage within the phylum Amoebozoa that is still relatively poorly explored. Currently, there are four cutosean representatives known – the monotypic genera Armaparvus, Idionectes, Sapocribrum, and Squamamoeba – with marked genetic distances. Idionectes vortex is the deepest‐branching species and differs markedly from the other Cutosea in ecology, life history, and most importantly, in its ability to form a flagellated swarmer with an exceptional swimming mechanism. As far as we know, the other Cutosea lack flagella and rather represent small, marine amoebae with a characteristic cell coat. The present paper focuses on the amoeboid life history stage of the algivorous amoeboflagellate Idionectes vortex to provide data for a first in‐depth comparison with other Cutosea and to document structural specialties. The amoeboid stage of Idionectes is mainly associated with the specific feeding process, that is, the interaction with algal prey cells and phagocytosis of protoplast material. Yet, the present data from time‐lapse microscopy, cytochemical stainings, and electron microscopy demonstrate clear similarities with the other cutosean species concerning amoeboid locomotion and cell coat ultrastructure. Furthermore, Idionectes amoebae exhibit a well‐developed microtubular cytoskeleton, and an unusual basal apparatus that seems to undergo marked changes during the life history of this exceptional amoebozoan.
Rasch validation of the oral health impact profile for temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Cao Ye , Wong May Chun Mei , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the metric properties of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP‐TMD) using Factor/Rasch analyses and created a short‐form version of the measure.Subjects and MethodsAggregated OHIP‐TMD data were obtained from a cross‐sectional study involving 844 TMD patients with diagnostic criteria for TMDs defined conditions. The dimensionality of the OHIP‐TMD was first evaluated with exploratory factor analysis. An eigenvalue >1.0 and oblique oblimin rotation were applied for extracting the factors. Rasch analysis was subsequently performed on the primary dimension using the ConQuest software.ResultsMulti‐dimensionality of the OHIP‐TMD was observed with the primary dimension comprising ten items. Adequate fit to the Rasch model was noted after deleting item 8 with infit/outfit mean‐square values ranging from 0.75 to 1.40 logits. Item difficulty ranged from −0.75 to 1.05 logits, while participants' ability to respond varied from −4.55 to 5.19 logits. The respondent spread was slightly skewed and satisfactory item‐response targeting was present.ConclusionsThe 22‐item OHIP‐TMD demonstrated multi‐dimensionality with the primary dimension consisting of nine reliable items with adequate fit to the Rasch model. The 9‐item short‐form version of the OHIP‐TMD (SOHIP‐TMD) is a promising tool for evaluating OHRQoL.
Integrating user‐generated content to track urban flooding hotspots and foster emergency management: A case study in central China
Authors: Zeng Zhongping , Lan Jinyu , Li Jiang , He Qingsong , Wang Jiangwei , Li Siqi , Huang Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores the potential for employing user‐generated content (UGC) during severe flooding to discover and track urban flooding disaster hotspots in a timely manner. A flooding case in central China was selected for this study. Crawlers, natural language processing, and geographic visualization methods were used to extract flood‐related UGC specific to severely flooded areas. Further, the quality of the geo‐tagged content on the web was verified using scientific gauge data (e.g., water level, digital elevation model, and rainfall). Based on our findings, we were able to deduce that UGC on the web is valuable for identifying flooding hotspots. In fact, this approach offers substantial advantages for addressing the emerging needs of data acquisition for flood emergency management. Notably, the values of urban stakeholders that share their observations on the web can be mined rapidly through the integration of various approaches. Overall, the findings of our study can contribute to the efficient mining of web data sources and development of disaster hotspot mapping systems at an urban scale to improve flood management and mitigation. The limitations of UGC and our study's future direction are also discussed.
Importance of Path Planning Variability: A Simulation Study
Authors: Krichmar Jeffrey L. , He Chuanxiuyue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividuals vary in the way they navigate through space. Some take novel shortcuts, while others rely on known routes to find their way around. We wondered how and why there is so much variation in the population. To address this, we first compared the trajectories of 368 human subjects navigating a virtual maze with simulated trajectories. The simulated trajectories were generated by strategy‐based path planning algorithms from robotics. Based on the similarities between human trajectories and different strategy‐based simulated trajectories, we found that there is a variation in the type of strategy individuals apply to navigate space, as well as variation within individuals on a trial‐by‐trial basis. Moreover, we observed variation within a trial when subjects occasionally switched the navigation strategies halfway through a trajectory. In these cases, subjects started with a route strategy, in which they followed a familiar path, and then switched to a survey strategy, in which they took shortcuts by considering the layout of the environment. Then we simulated a second set of trajectories using five different but comparable artificial maps. These trajectories produced the similar pattern of strategy variation within and between trials. Furthermore, we varied the relative cost, that is, the assumed mental effort or required timesteps to choose a learned route over alternative paths. When the learned route was relatively costly, the simulated agents tended to take shortcuts. Conversely, when the learned route was less costly, the simulated agents showed preference toward a route strategy. We suggest that cost or assumed mental effort may be the reason why in previous studies, subjects used survey knowledge when instructed to take the shortest path. We suggest that this variation we observe in humans may be beneficial for robotic swarms or collections of autonomous agents during information gathering.
Comparison of skeletal muscle ultrastructural changes between normal and blood flow‐restricted resistance exercise: A case report
Authors: Wilburn Dylan T. , Machek Steven B. , Zechmann Bernd , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: August 2021

New Findings

What is the main observation in this case?
The main observation of this case report is that blood flow‐restricted exercise can cause myofibrils to have an aberrant wave‐like appearance that is accompanied by irregular pockets of sarcoplasm in the intermyofibrillar space, while traditional forms of damage to the Z‐discs and contractile elements are not as apparent.

What insights does it reveal?
Our findings indicate that blood flow restriction‐mediated fluid pooling might cause alterations in skeletal muscle ultrastructure after exercise that might be directly related to myofibre swelling.

AbstractThe acute effects of blood flow‐restricted (BFR) exercise training on skeletal muscle ultrastructure are poorly understood owing to inconsistent findings and the use of largely imprecise systemic markers for indications of muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to compare myofibrillar ultrastructure before and 30 min after normal and BFR resistance exercise using transmission electron microscopy in a single individual to evaluate the feasibility of this more nuanced approach. One apparently healthy male with 13 years of resistance exercise completed six sets of both BFR [30% of one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM)] and normal non‐occluded (70% of 1‐RM) unilateral angled leg press on the contralateral leg, as a control, after assessment of 1‐RM 72 h before. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and 30 min after each exercise session. The lengths and widths of 250 sarcomeres and the sarcoplasmic area were assessed via 20 individual transmission electron photomicrographs. Analysis revealed that BFR training (1.769 ± 0.12 μm) increased sarcomere length when compared with normal exercise (1.64 ± 0.17 μm; P < 0.001), without differences in sarcomere width between conditions (BFR, 0.90 ± 0.26 μm; normal, 0.93 ± 0.27 μm; P = 0.172). Furthermore, there were no significant interaction (P = 0.168) or condition effects between BFR (25.98 ± 4.17%) and normal (27.3 ± 6.49%) resistance exercise for sarcoplasmic area (P = 0.229). Exercise also increased sarcoplasmic area within the myofibril (pre‐exercise, 24.42 ± 5.13%; postexercise, 28.95 ± 5.92%) for both conditions (P = 0.001). This case study demonstrates a unique BFR training‐induced alteration in myofibril ultrastructure that appeared wave like and was accompanied by intracellular abnormalities that appeared to be fluid pockets of sarcoplasm disrupting the surrounding myofibrils.