bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Method and Associated Factor Among Women of Reproductive Age in West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Zeleke Eden Dagnachew , Assefa Dawit Getachew , Woldesenbet Tigist Tekle , Gido Rediet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing access to family planning helps to ensure the reproductive right, decrease unintended pregnancy, improve health and nutritional status of children, reduction of maternal mortality and enhance longer birth spacing . There is continually low utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive method among low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the Utilization of Long Acting and permanent Contraceptive methods and associated factor among Women of Reproductive Age in west Guji Zone.Methods: Mixed study design was conducted among women of reproductive age in West Guji Zone. Systematic random sampling method was used to select study subjects for the survey with sample size of 507. Descriptive was utilized to summarize the data while logistic regression to assess factors influencing the utilization of Long Acting and permanent Contraceptive methods use. Statistical significance was declared for variables outcomes of the P-value less than 0.05.Result: Current utilization of Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods at West Guji zone among reproductive aged group was 51.1%. More than median of participants had negative altitude (72.4%) and poor knowledge (57%) towards long acting and permanent contraceptive method. Educational status of women, number of alive children, acceptance of utilization of Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods , how treated by other staff and waiting time during service delivery are significant determinant factor of long acting and permanent family planning method. According to qualitative data, Myths and misconceptions about utilization of intrauterine contraceptive device and implants and negative altitude to ward Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods were major barriers to the use of Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods.Conclusion: Educational status, number of alive children ( Parity) , acceptance of Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods , how treated by other staff and waiting time to get the service are statistically significant predictors of utilization of long acting and permanent family planning methods. More than half of women had negative altitude and poor knowledge on Long Acting And permanent Contraceptive methods. Myths and misconception might affect the utilization of long acting and permanent family planning method.
Understanding the Factors that Impact Effective Uptake and Integration of Health Programs in South African Primary Health Care Clinics
Authors: Heerden Alastair , Ntinga Xolani , Lippman Sheri A. , Leslie Hannah H. , Steward Wayne T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction: There is an increasingly urgent gap in knowledge regarding the translation of effective HIV prevention and care programming into scaled clinical policy and practice. Challenges limiting the translation of efficacious programming into national policy include both the paucity of proven efficacious programs that are reasonable for clinics to implement and the difficulty in moving a successful program from research trial to scaled programming. This study aims to bridge the divide between science and practice by exploring health care providers’ views on what is needed to integrate of HIV programming into clinic systems.Methods: We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with clinic managers and clinic program implementing staff and 5 key informant interviews with district health managers overseeing programming in the uMgungundlovu District of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Qualitative data were analyzed using a template approach. A priori themes were used to construct templates of relevance including current care context for HIV and past predictors of successful implementation. Data were coded and analyzed in accordance with these templates.Results: Heath care providers identified three main factors that impact integration of HIV programming into general clinical care: perceived benefits, resource availability, and clear communication. The perceived benefits of HIV programs hinged on the social validation of the program by early adopters. Wide program availability and improved convenience for providers and patients increased perceived benefit. Limited staffing capacity and a shortage of space were noted as resource constraints. Programs that specifically tackled these constraints through, for example clinic decongestion, were reported as being the most successful. Clear communication with all entities involved in clinic-based programs, some of which include external partners, was noted as central to maximizing program function and provider uptake. Conclusions: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, new programs are already being developed for implementation at the primary health care level. A better understanding of the factors which both facilitate and prevent programmatic success will improve public health outcomes. Implementation is likely to be most successful when programs capitalize on endorsements from early adopters, tackle resource constraints, and foster greater communication among partners responsible for implementation.
Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis of Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Head, Neck and Extremities, And the Clinical Significance of Negative Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Liu Qikun , Yu Xiaojun , Li Mengwei , Li Zhiwei , Jiang Yongqiao , Kang Hao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the head, neck, and extremities, and the clinical outcome of negative lymph node dissection (NLND). Methods: We pooled patients of STS using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1988 to 2015. Logistics regression analysis to identify risk factors for LNM, the Cox proportional hazards model and Fine-Grey’s model were used for survival analysis, Propensity score matching analysis (PSM) was further used to clarify the impact of NLND on patient prognosis.Results: A total of 3,276 patients were enrolled in our study, of whom 283 (8.6%) developed LNM. Rhabdomyosarcoma had the highest rate of LNM (25.3%), followed by clear cell sarcoma (16.8%) and epithelioid sarcoma (12.4%), while leiomyosarcoma had the lowest rate of LNM (1.3%). Sex, tumor size, grade, histology, and site were significantly associated with LNM. Age, tumor size, grade, stage, histology, and marital status were independent prognostic factors for the cancer-specific survival for patients without LNM. For specific histologic subtypes of STS, NLND significantly improves overall survival (HR: 0.718, 95%CI, 0.535-0.962; P=0.026) and cancer-specific survival (HR: 0.699, 95%CI, 0.506-0.967; P=0.031) and reduces cancer-specific mortality (Gray’s test, P=0.017). However, for patients with leiomyosarcoma, NLND did not improve overall survival (P=0.46) or reduce cancer-specific mortality (Gray’s test, P=0.772).Conclusions: We identified the rate of LNM and risk factors for LNM in STS of the head, neck and extremities. In addition, prophylactic NLND treatment is necessary and has a clinical benefit for patients with STS who are at high risk for LNM, but has no significant impact on the prognosis of patients with leiomyosarcoma.
Training Associated Alterations in Equine Respiratory Immunity Using a Multiomics Comparative Approach
Authors: Karagianni Anna Eleonora , Kurian Dominic , Cillán-Garcia Eugenio , Eaton Samantha L. , Wishart Thomas M. , Pirie R. Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Neutrophilic airway inflammation is highly prevalent in racehorses in training, with the term mild to moderate equine asthma (MMEA) being applied to the majority of such cases. Our proposed study is largely derived from the strong association between MMEA in racehorses and their entry into a race training program. The objectives of this study are to characterise the effect of training on the local pulmonary immune system by defining the gene and protein expression of tracheal wash (TW) derived samples from Thoroughbred racehorses prior to and following commencement of race training. Multiomics analysis detected 2,138 differentially expressed genes and 260 proteins during the training period. Gene and protein sets were enriched for biological processes related to acute phase response, oxidative stress, haemopoietic processes, as well as to immune response and inflammation. This study demonstrated TW samples to represent a rich source of airway cells, protein and RNA to study airway immunity in the horse and highlighted the benefits of a multiomics methodological approach to studying the dynamics of equine airway immunity. Findings likely reflect the known associations between race-training and both airway inflammation and bleeding, offering further insight into the potential mechanisms which underpin training associated airway inflammation.
Influence of Planting Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bunge on Bacteria and Fungi Diversity of Fly Ash
Authors: Liu Zehui L. , Chen Zhiwen , Huo Jinxian , Zhao Jianguo , Ma Hongfang , Bai Xiuli , Qiao Jun , Li Weijia , Li Jingwei , Ge Sai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Fly ash is the product of coal combustion, and a large amount of fly ash accumulation is of great harm to the environment. The yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge) is a unique edible oil tree species in China. Yellow horn has developed root system and can survive in soil contaminated with heavy metals. Thus, it could be used for phytoremediation in fly ash. Results: In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA and ITS rDNA gene Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community diversity in fly ash before (CK group) and after (S group) planting yellow horn. The abundance and diversity of microorganisms in fly ash were changed by planting yellow horn. The dominant bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria (CK-24% vs S-42%), Firmicutes (CK-23% vs S-10%), Actinobacteria (CK-15% vs S-11%). The dominant phyla in fungi: Ascomycota (72% for CK, 69% for S), Mortierellomycota (4% for CK, 3% for S).Some beneficial bacteria that could degrade heavy metals increased in proportion, including Betaproteobacteriales (4% for CK vs 10% for S group), Burkholderiacae (1% for CK vs 6% for S groups), Nitrospirae (0.3% for CK vs 0.8% for S groups), Rhizobiales (3% for CK vs 6% for S groups) and Sphingomonadaceae (2% for CK vs 4% for S groups). Conclusion: These results indicate that the planting of yellow horn can increase the abundance of heavy metal-degrading bacteria in rhizosphere fly ash, which is of great significance for the biological remediation of fly ash.
Why Using Bed Nets is a Challenge amongst Minority Populations in Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Thi , Nguyen Xa Xuan , Wilson-Barthes Marta , Sawada Ikumi , Muela Joan , Hausmann-Muela Susanna , Pham Thanh Vinh , Nguyen Hong Van , Nguyen Van Van , Tran Duong Thanh , D’Alessandro Umberto , Grietens Koen Peeters , Erhart Annette 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite free distribution of insecticidal-treated nets (ITNs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) to populations at-risk, malaria transmission persists in forested areas in Vietnam especially amongst ethnic minority communities. A study was conducted between April 2009 and December 2010 in four villages of Ca Dong and M’nong ethnicity located in Central Vietnam with persistent malaria transmission. The objective was to assess the feasibility of bed net use in forest settings with a specific emphasis on contrasting people’s willingness/choice to use nets versus structural limitations to the uptake of the intervention. Methods: The study used an exploratory mixed-method design for complementarity. The qualitative strand included participant observation, informal interviews, in-depth interviews, and group discussions to explore contextual barriers to bednet use. The quantitative strand consisted of a cross sectional household survey (n=141) in a selected village with direct access to bed nets and the health centre. The main outcome was bednet use and related risk factors (using survey logistic regression), and secondary outcomes included the quantification of contextual factors identified during the qualitative strand. Results: Despite self-reported bednet coverage (72.5% of households had sufficient net coverage) and appropriate betnet use the night before the survey (82.2% of HHMs), only 18.4% of HHMs were effectively protected by nets in both the village home and the forest field. The distribution of LLINs and ITNs was not accounted for multiple residency and sleeping places linked to slash-and-burn agriculture, and contextual factors including open-housing structured, high poverty, and animistic beliefs contributing to inappropriate use and shorter lifespan of nets. Health messages promoting bednet use were provided to the population but only 19.8% of respondents considered mosquito bites as the sole cause of malaria. The multi-variable logistic regression showed the effect of four significant factors to appropriate bednet use: being female (AOR=8.08; p=0.009); having knowledge of mosquito bites and malaria link (AOR=7.43; p=0.008); not sleeping in the kitchen (AOR=24.57; p=0.001); and, having sufficient number of bednets in the household (AOR=21.69; p=0.001). Conclusion: This study identified contextual factors that constrains effective bednet use amongst ethnic minority populations living in forested areas of Central Vietnam and calls for multi-sectoral interventions to address the complexity of residual malaria transmission and reach the malaria elimination goal of 2030.
Verification of Genetic Differences and Immune Cell Infiltration Subtypes in Neuroblastoma Tumor Microenvironment for Immunotherapy
Authors: Qian Bo , Sun Jing , Zuo Pengcheng , Da Min , Mo Xuming , Fang Yongjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has achieved remarkable results in the research of cancer progression in the past few years. it is crucial to understand the nature and function of TME in tumors because of precise treatment strategies for individual cancers having received widespread attention, including immunotherapy. The immune infiltrative profiles of neuroblastoma (NB) have not yet been completely illustrated. The purpose of this research is to analyses tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the microenvironment of NB.Methods: We applied CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to evaluate the ICI status of 438 NB samples. Three ICI models were selected and ICI scores were acquired. Subgroups with high ICI scores based on immune activation signaling pathways have better overall survival. Results: The genes of immunosuppressive glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis heparan sulfate signaling pathway were markedly enriched in the low ICI score subgroup. It was inferred that compared with low ICI NB subtypes, patients with high ICI NB subtypes were more likely to respond to immunotherapy and a better prognosis. Conclusion: Notably, our ICI scores not only provided new clinical and theoretical basis for mining NB prognostic markers related to the microenvironment, but also aided new ideas for the development of new NB precision immunotherapy methods.
Soluble Programmed Cell Death-1 Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development During Nucleoside Analogue Treatment
Authors: Kozuka Ritsuzo , Enomoto Masaru , Dong Minh Phuong , Hai Hoang , Thuy Le Thi Thanh , Odagiri Naoshi , Yoshida Kanako , Kotani Kohei , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Fujii Hideki , Uchida-Kobayashi Sawako , Tamori Akihiro , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Soluble immune checkpoint molecules are emerging novel mediators of immune regulation. However, it is unclear whether soluble immune checkpoint proteins affect the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. This study included 122 NA-naïve patients who received NA therapy. We assessed the associations of clinical factors, including soluble immune checkpoint proteins, with HCC development during NA treatment. The baseline serum concentrations of 16 soluble immune checkpoint proteins were measured using multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. In total, 13 patients developed HCC during the follow-up period (median duration, 4.3 years). Of the 16 proteins, soluble inducible T-cell co-stimulator (≥ 164.71 pg/mL; p = 0.014), soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) (≤ 447.27 pg/mL; p = 0.031), soluble CD40 (≤ 493.68 pg/mL; p = 0.032), and soluble herpes virus entry mediator (≤ 2,470.83 pg/mL; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with HCC development (log-rank test). In a multivariate analysis, an sPD-1 level ≤ 447.27 pg/mL (p = 0.014; hazard ratio [HR], 4.537) and α-fetoprotein level ≥ 6.4 ng/mL (p = 0.040; HR, 5.524) were independently and significantly associated with HCC development. sPD-1 is a novel predictive biomarker for HCC development during NA treatment.
Phase II Prospective Study of Trastuzumab in Combination with S-1 and Oxaliplatin (SOX100) Therapy for HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Mori Yoshinori , Kataoka Hiromi , Ebi Masahide , Adachi Kazunori , Yamaguchi Yoshiharu , Hayashi Noriyuki , Hirata Yoshikazu , Sobue Satoshi , Ishihara Ryo , Suzuki Yuta , Mizushima Takashi , Inoue Yusuke , Hasegawa Izumi , Ono Satoshi , Hirano Atsuyuki , Kimura Yoshihide , Seno Kyoji , Ozeki Keiji , Shimura Takaya , Kubota Eiji 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose The standard first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is trastuzumab in combination with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidines. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of S-1 and oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2) (SOX100) combined with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for HER2-positive AGC.Methods In this single-arm, multicenter phase II study, patients with HER2-positive AGC received S-1 (80–120 mg per day) orally on days 1–14, oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2) intravenously on day 1, and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg on day 1 of the first cycle, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) intravenously. The primary end point was 1-year survival rate. The secondary end points included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety. Results A total of 25 patients from six centers were enrolled from December 2015 to March 2020. In the 25 patients evaluable for analysis, the 1-year survival rate was 70.8% [90% confidence interval (CI) = 55.5%–86.1%], whereas the median OS, PFS, and ORR were 17.8 (95% CI 10.5–22.9) months, 7.6 (95% CI 5.0–10.9) months, and 75.0 (95% CI 53.3–90.2) %, respectively. Major grade 3/4 adverse events included anorexia (20%), anemia (16%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (16%), and diarrhea (15%). Conclusion SOX100 combined with trastuzumab was effective with a favorable safety profile in patients with HER2-positive AGC.
CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated-Disruption of ZNF543 Gene: An Approach Towards Discovering Its Relation to TRIM28 Gene in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hashemabadi Mohammad , Sasan Hosseinali , Amandadi Mojdeh , Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani Keyvan , Esmaeili-Mahani Saeed , Ravan Hadi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Genetic studies of familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown that the ZNF543 gene is a candidate gene that operates relevant to this disease. However, until now there is no evidence for ZNF543 gene function in PD, and mechanisms resulting from its mutation had not been elucidated. Given the same genetic location of the ZNF543 gene with TRIM28 and effects of both of them on PD pathogenesis, we surmised that ZNF543 may act as a transcription factor for TRIM28 gene expression. By knocking out the ZNF543 gene via the CRISPR/Cas9 editing platform, we assessed the functional effect of loss of expression of this gene on TRIM28 gene expression. Four sgRNAs with different PAM sequences were designed against two parts of the regulatory region of ZNF543 gene, and highly efficient disruption of ZNF543 expression in human neuroblastoma cell line was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and T7 endonuclease assay. Moreover, evaluation of TRIM28 gene expression in ZNF543-knocked-out cells indicated a significant increase of TRIM28 gene expression, suggesting that ZNF543 probably regulates the expression of TRIM28. This approach offers a window into pinpointing the mechanism by which ZNF543 gene mutations mediate PD pathogenicity.
Novel lipid nanoparticle provides potent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine at low dose with low local reactogenicity, high thermostability and limited systemic biodistribution
Authors: Alishetty Suman , Carrasco Manuel , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Paige Mikell , Said Hooda , Wright Lacey , Narayanan Aarthi , Alem Farhang , Hernandez Keziah , Gillevet Patrick , Soliman Ousamah , Hicks Philip , Manzoni Tomaz , Bates Paul , Stephens-Shields Alisa , Cleveland Thomas , Grishaev Alexander , Weissman Drew , Buschmann Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Concerns with current mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) systems include dose-limiting reactogenicity, adverse events that may be partly due to systemic off target expression of the immunogen, and a very limited understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the frozen storage requirement. We applied a new rational design process to identify a novel multiprotic ionizable lipid, called C24, as the key component of the mRNA LNP delivery system. We show that the resulting C24 LNP has a multistage protonation behavior resulting in greater endosomal protonation and greater translation of an mRNA-encoded luciferase reporter after intramuscular (IM) administration compared to the standard reference MC3 LNP. Off-target expression in liver after IM administration was reduced 6 fold for the C24 LNP compared to MC3. Neutralizing titers in immunogenicity studies delivering a nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding for the diproline stabilized spike protein immunogen were 10 fold higher for the C24 LNP versus MC3, and protection against viral challenge in a SARS-CoV-2 mouse model occurred at a very low 0.25 µg prime/boost dose of the same immunogen in the C24 LNP. Injection site inflammation was notably reduced for C24 compared to MC3. In addition, we found the C24 LNP to be entirely stable in bioactivity and mRNA integrity when stored at 4 ºC for at least 19 days. Storage at higher temperatures reduced both bioactivity and mRNA integrity, but less so for C24 than MC3, and in a manner consistent with the phosphodiester transesterification reaction mechanism of mRNA cleavage. The higher potency, lower injection site inflammation, and higher stability of the C24 LNP present important advancements in the evolution mRNA vaccine delivery.