bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
649Personal history of keratinocyte carcinoma is a marker of inherited cancer risk: Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Dusingize Jean Claude , Olsen Catherine , An Jiyuan , Liyanage Upekha , Pandeya Nirmala , Law Matthew , Neale Rachel , Ong Jue-Sheng , MacGregor Stuart , Whiteman David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
A personal history of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) has been reported as a risk factor for developing subsequent primary cutaneous and non-cutaneous malignancies. However most evidence to date stems from observational studies which are prone to bias, confounding and reverse causation. Our aim was to examine this association using different Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches.

Methods
We performed a one-sample MR analysis using individual-level data from the UK Biobank (n = 394,306). This analysis was then validated in an independent dataset in the QSkin cohort (n = 16,896). Using 64 independent genetic variants known to be associated with KC, we generated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each participant in the UK Biobank and the QSkin cohort. We then performed two-sample MR analyses using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. We tested the association between genetically predicted KC and risk of subsequent cancer using logistic regression.

Results
Results from one-sample MR analyses in the UK Biobank indicated that a personal history of KC was significantly associated with cancer overall (excluding melanoma) (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10-1.20, per doubling the prevalence of KC). The results from the two-sample MR corroborate the findings from the one-sample MR, although the risk estimate was lower (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07).

Conclusions
Our MR analyses suggest that genetically predicted KC is a risk factor for developing subsequent primary malignancies.

Key messages
A personal history of KC may serve as a proxy marker of inherited cancer risk.
1198The gendered associations between poverty, marital status, and mental health in older Australians
Authors: Ervin Jennifer , Milner Allison , Kavanagh Anne , King Tania 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Compared to men, older women have poorer mental health and are more vulnerable to poverty. Few studies have examined how gender, marital status and poverty are inter-related and are associated with mental health among this group.

Methods
Drawing on 17 waves of the Housing Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, fixed-effects regression analysis was utilised to examine associations between: (1) relative poverty (&lt;50% median household income) and mental health (MHI-5); (2) marital status and poverty, among Australians aged 65+years. Effect measure modification (EMM) of the association between relative poverty and mental health by marital status was also assessed.

Results
Relative poverty was associated with poorer mental health among women (−0.62, 95%CI−1.06,−0.18), but not men. Being divorced/separated was associated with increased odds of relative poverty for women (OR 3.93, 95%CI 2.54,6.06) but not men, and widowhood was associated with relative poverty in women (OR 4.23, 95%CI 3.37,5.29), and men (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.62,3.05). There was no evidence of EMM of the relationship between relative poverty and mental health by marital status for either gender.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that relative poverty is a major determinant of mental health in older Australian women. Addressing gender inequities in lifetime savings, as well as in division of acquired wealth post marital loss, may mitigate these disparities.

Key messages
A gendered double burden of mental health issues and poverty exists for older Australian women, requiring urgent policy attention.
1019Socioeconomic inequities in 5-year weight trajectories in association with baseline weight-related perceptions: a longitudinal study
Authors: Feng Xiaoqi , Wilson Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Recognition of overweight may be a necessary pre-cursor for weight-reduction, but some suggest under-perceiving overweight may be protective against obesity. Differential responses may occur across socioeconomic strata.

Methods
Five-year body mass index (BMI) trajectories were examined using multilevel models of 8174 participants stratified by gender, neighbourhood socioeconomic circumstances, baseline BMI and perceived weight status, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
At baseline, weight-related dissatisfaction and perceived overweight were associated with higher mean BMI, regardless of whether people were classified as ‘normal’ or overweight by WHO criteria. Mean BMI did not decrease among people classified as overweight who perceived themselves as overweight, or expressed weight-related dissatisfaction. Among those with ‘normal’ BMI at baseline but dissatisfied with their weight, mean BMI increased disproportionately among people in disadvantaged areas. Mean BMI also rose disproportionately for people in disadvantaged areas among those feeling overweight, despite having a ‘normal’ BMI, compared to people with the same over-perception but living in affluent areas.

Conclusions
No evidence was found to suggest accurate recognition of overweight or expressing weight-related dissatisfaction leads to a lower BMI. However, there was evidence of an increase in mean BMI among people who felt dissatisfied with, or over-perceived their ‘normal’ weight, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

Key messages
Correction of under-perceptions may not drive weight loss, but circumstances contributing to over-perception and dissatisfaction with weight status may contribute to increased weight gain and exacerbate socioeconomic inequities in BMI.
1076Spatial modelling on maternal and child health: a scoping review
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo , Blumenberg Cauane , Hartwig Fernando , Barros Aluisio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The Sustainable Development Goals brought attention to the lack of geographically disaggregated data in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries as national health surveys are generally not designed to provide estimates beyond the first administrative level. Advances on small area estimation methods have allowed for more granular estimates which support targeting and implementation of local health interventions. This study aims to summarize literature on the advances in spatial modelling of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH).

Methods
We carried out a comprehensive literature search in five databases to identify studies that: 1) performed small area estimation; 2) were carried out in LMIC settings; 2) focused on RMNCH outcomes; 3) were based on national health surveys. Studies modelling travel time were not considered.

Results
We included 70 out of 4266 studies. The state-of-art approach to small area estimation has been through a Bayesian framework with INLA for administrative level or up to 5x5 km estimates. Malaria and child mortality outcomes are predominant, closely followed by anthropometry, vaccination and contraceptives use.

Conclusions
Spatial modelling has become a suitable approach for local estimates where data at finer resolutions is not available. However, there is not a consensus on how to report and interpret uncertainties.

Key messages
Local estimates are essential to identify and act on the most disadvantaged areas. Properly communicating uncertainty is a big challenge for researchers and they must accompany estimates to avoid misinterpretation.
372Social Isolation, Social Support and Loneliness as independent interconnected concepts
Authors: Freak-Poli Rosanne , Ryan Joanne , Tran Thach , Owen Alice , Power Joanna McHugh , Berk Michael , Stocks Nigel , Gonzalez-Chica David , Lowthian Judy A , Fisher Jane , Byles Julie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Social isolation, lack of social support and loneliness have historically been assessed as overlapping or even interchangeable terms. We aimed to assess whether these three social constructs are independently associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
This analysis included 10,517 women aged 70-75 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). Social isolation (Duke Social Support Index: DSSI), social support (DSSI), and loneliness (one-item) were investigated for their association with HRQoL (physical [PCS] and mental [MCS] component scores of the SF-36® questionnaire). Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, demographics, socio-economic position and medical conditions.

Results
Social isolation, social support and loneliness were not strongly correlated with one another. However, all were independently associated with HRQoL (PCS: isolation -0.97, low support -2.24, loneliness -2.70; MCS: isolation -1.96, low support -4.78, loneliness -10.31; p-value&lt;0.001 for each). Compared to those with low social isolation, high social support and lack of loneliness, women highly isolated, with low social support and lonely reported the lowest HRQoL (MCS: -18 to -17; PCS: -8 to -6). Other combinations of isolation, support and loneliness varied in their associations with HRQoL.

Conclusions
Social isolation, social support and loneliness are distinct, yet interconnected concepts that may coexist and are each adversely associated with HRQoL.

Key messages
Ageing populations present the challenge of supporting older people to maintain a longer, healthy, meaningful and community-dwelling lives. Social isolation, low social support and loneliness have adverse associations with HRQoL.
1185The association between neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness: A systematic review
Authors: Frehlich Levi , Christie Chelsea , Ronksley Paul , Turin Tanvir C , Doyle-Baker Patricia , McCormack Gavin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Few studies have investigated potential links between the built environment and health-related fitness, even though there is some evidence linking neighbourhood built environments to physical activity behaviors and chronic health conditions.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines eight databases were searched from inception to August 2020 using a combination of built environment and health-related fitness terms. Inclusion criteria was limited to quantitative studies that sampled of adults aged 18 years or older with no physical disabilities or health issues that may impact health-related fitness.

Results
Of the 26,219 citations identified within our comprehensive search, 25 studies met eligibility and underwent data extraction and quality assessment. Objectively measured built environment characteristics (e.g., improved sidewalks, higher street connectivity, older neighbourhoods, higher residential density, and higher land use mix) were associated with increased flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, and body composition. Moreover, perceptions of neighbourhood features such as higher neighbourhood walkability, greater park access and quality, and lower neighbourhood crime, were associated with increased perceived cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, and overall fitness. However, many of these findings were from cross-sectional studies where adjustment for key confounders varied. Results also varied by sex in the small number of studies that provided sex-specific stratifications.

Conclusions
This project may help elucidate the pathway between the built environment and health-related fitness.

Key messages
Neighbourhood built environment features are associated with aspects of health-related fitness.
681Influenza vaccine effectiveness in young Japanese children over five seasons
Authors: Fukushima Wakaba , Morikawa Saeko , Fujioka Masashi , Matsushita Tohru , Kubota Megumi , Yagi Yoshina , Takechi Tetsuhisa , Takasaki Yoshio , Shindo Shizuo , Yamashita Yuji , Yokoyama Takato , Kiyomatsu Yumi , Hiroi Satoshi , Nakata Keiko , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Maeda Akiko , Kondo Kyoko , Ito Kazuya , Kase Tetsuo , Ohfuji Satoko , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence is limited for influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza among young children. Using test-negative design (a modified case-control study) which minimizes confounding by health care-seeking behavior and misclassification of diseases, we aimed to monitor influenza VE among young children in Japan where all approved influenza vaccines are egg-propagated, inactivated formulations (IIV).

Methods
For seasons spanning 2013-14 to 2017-18 in Osaka and Fukuoka Prefectures, Japan, we employed prospective, active, and systematic recruitment of children aged &lt;6 years who visited collaborating pediatric clinics within 7 days of influenza-like illness onset. Nasal aspirates were tested for influenza by real-time RT-PCR. Date of vaccination was confirmed by medical records or maternal and child health handbooks. Cases and controls were defined as being PCR-positive and -negative, respectively. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted VE ([1 - adjusted odds ratio] × 100%).

Results
We analyzed 4,614 subjects including 1,917 cases. VEs of IIV with 2 doses approximated 50%, ranging from 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14 % to 60%) in 2016-17 season to 63% (95% CI: 45% to 76%) in 2017-18 season. Significant VEs were also shown for predominant circulating strains every season, irrespective of their antigenic match to vaccine strains (56% and 65% for A[H1N1]pdm, 37% and 50% for A[H3N2], and 60% for B[Yamagata]).

Conclusions
IIV provided modest and significant protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza in young Japanese children.

Key messages
Test-negative design is useful for monitoring influenza VE.
305Interaction between physical activity and nutritional intake on HbA1c in Japanese general population
Authors: Furukawa Takuma , Nishida Yuichiro , Hara Megumi , Shimanoe Chisato , Koga Kayoko , Tanaka Keitaro ,   Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study Group J-MICC Study Group
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are considered important for prevention and treatment of diabetes, particularly as diet and PA combined. However, reports on the interaction between PA and diet are limited, especially from large epidemiological study.

Methods
The present cross-sectional study used data collected from 55,469 participants in non-diabetes general population who completed the baseline survey on the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for confounding variables and to examine interactions between PA and macronutrient (carbohydrate, fat and protein) intake on HbA1c.

Result
The significant interactions between PA and carbohydrate intake or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c were observed after adjustment for confounding variables (P interaction = 0.021, 0.004 and 0.164, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c were more evident in the participants with high-carbohydrate/low-fat intake compared to those with low-carbohydrate/high-fat intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) slightly weakened interactions between PA and carbohydrate/fat intake on HbA1c (P interaction = 0.063 and 0.059, respectively), the associations between PA and HbA1c in the stratified analysis remained.

Conclusion
The present study found the interaction between PA and carbohydrate/fat intake on HbA1c. This finding suggests that the effect of PA on blood glucose control is modified by intake of macronutrient composition.

Key messages
Interaction between PA and macronutrient intake is likely to play an important role in the control of glucose control.
1119Association between socioeconomic status and metabolic control in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Murillo José Adrián Geraldo ,   David Sergio Salas Vargas
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In Mexico, 10.3% of the adult population has type 2 diabetes. Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been considered as a risk factor for developing this disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether SES is associated with blood glucose control, treatment adherence, and diabetic complications.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Ensenada, Baja California, México, with a random sample of 103 hospitalized patients between November 2019 and February 2020. The information was collected by face-to-face interview with structured questionnaires and the medical records review. The analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics software.

Results
Of the patients who do not know how to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in more than half of them were not educated (P = 0.002). Not performing SMBG at home was associated with increased risk of microvascular complications. [OR 2.88 CI 95% 1.20-6.89]. Those who were left without medications due to lack of money had a higher risk of hyperglycemia at home without going to the hospital [OR 3.89 95% CI 1.16-13.05]. Hypoglycemia prevailed in patients who did not perform GA due to lack of money to buy a glucometer. (P = 0.012).

Conclusions
Low socioeconomic status was associated with poor adherence to treatment and lack of self-monitoring of capillary glucose at home.

Key messages
Socioeconomic status, Type 2 diabetes, adherence to treatment, self-monitoring.
559Health of Aboriginal children in Western Australia: Do grandparents matter?
Authors: Gibberd Alison , Preen David , Shepherd Carrington , Eades Sandra , McNamara Bridgette 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies of select populations (e.g. pre-industrial or subsistence farming populations) suggest that children with living maternal grandmothers (MGMs) had improved survival. It is unknown if this holds for child health more generally or in Australian Indigenous communities, where care of children is commonly shared by family members. We examined associations between the health of young Aboriginal Western Australians and their grandparents.

Methods
Birth, death, inpatient and emergency department records of Aboriginal infants born 2000-2013 in WA and their grandparents were linked. Grandparents were classified as ‘healthy’ (alive with Charlson comorbidity index score of 0 or 1), ‘unhealthy’ (alive with a score of ≥ 2), or dead when the child was born.

Results
Among the 27,425 children, mortality by age 2 was lower with healthy grandparents (e.g. 11 deaths per 1000 live births with healthy MGMs; 22 with unhealthy; 16 with dead MGMs) and acute healthcare contacts were fewer (e.g. 13% with healthy MGMs spent ≥7 days in hospital by age 2 vs 19% with unhealthy or dead MGMs). However, healthcare contacts were generally unrelated to grandfathers. Outcomes were better for children with 2 living grandmothers (e.g. 1.5% with 2 grandmothers were discharged against medical advice in 2 years; 2.7% with 1 grandmother; 3.7% with none).

Conclusions
Children with healthy grandmothers had lower mortality and morbidity. These associations are unlikely to be due to genetic or environmental factors, as they are weaker/missing for grandfathers.

Key messages
Good health among older Aboriginal people may also benefit the health of subsequent generations.
1475Effects of climate factors on the dengue fever in Paraguay: generalized additive model in 2014-2020
Authors: Gomez Raquel Elizabeth Gomez 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Dengue fever is disease transmitted by mostly Aedes spp. This study aims investigate the association between climate factors and dengue incidence in Paraguay, considered as an endemic disease since 2009.

Methods
We extracted incidence of dengue by week from 2014-2020 national health surveillance, Paraguay. The climate factors, including rainfall, sunshine, minimum temperate, air pressure, relative humidity and wind were extracted from Directorate of Meteorology and Hydrology and aggregated as a weekly data. Generalized additive modeling was performed, adjusted by seasonality and population. Lags between 0-10 weeks were chosen for according to rho statistics of Spearman’s test.

Results
A total of dengue fever was 40,593 in study period. The mean cumulative incidence per 10,000 populations was 22.37 (standard deviation: 93.27). All six climate factors and seasonality were significant in the final model with the adjusted R-square 18.6%. Rainfall (relative risk [RR]: 0.51), relative humidity (RR: 0.25) and wind (RR: 0.19) showed negative trends with the increase of dengue while atmospheric pressure (RR: 9.32) and sunshine (RR: 0.12) showed positive associations. Minimum temperature showed increasing trend until 15ºC (1ºC increase in 4-fold incidence). The lag of each factor was selected between 2 to 10 weeks.

Conclusion
Climate factors showed associations with dengue fever in Paraguay. Such climate factors should be considered along with the dengue surveillance in endemic areas for effective dengue control.

Key messages
Climate factors showed significant dynamic associations with dengue incidence in Paraguay.
1262Burden of disease and injury in Australia
Authors: Gourley Michelle ,   Australian Burden of Disease Study team
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Burden of disease describes the impact of living with and dying prematurely from different diseases or injuries. The Australian Burden of Disease Study (ABDS) 2018 estimated the health impact of 219 diseases and injuries on the Australian population.

Methods
Burden of disease measures years of healthy life lost from living with (non-fatal) and dying prematurely from (fatal) disease and injury. Fatal and non-fatal burden combined provides the total burden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALY). One DALY equals 1 year of healthy life lost. Disease burden was estimated for the years 2018, 2015, 2011 and 2003 for Australia.

Results
In 2018, 5.0 million years of healthy life were lost from disease and injury. Living with illness or injury caused more total disease burden than dying prematurely (52% vs 48%). Between 2003 and 2018, total burden decreased by 13%, driven by less premature deaths. Disease groups with the biggest absolute reductions in burden (DALY rate) were cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The five leading causes of burden were coronary heart disease, back pain, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Males experienced more burden than females for most age groups.

Conclusions
Overall burden of disease declined between 2003 and 2018, due to a large reduction in burden from dying prematurely. Living with the impact of chronic diseases contributed substantial burden in Australia in 2018.

Key messages
Living with illness or injury accounts for most of the disease burden in Australia. There have been improvements in fatal burden since 2003.