bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching math modeling through 3D‐printing: Examining the influence of an integrative professional development
Authors: Asempapa Reuben S. , Love Tyler S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMathematical modeling is a critical component of the current K–12 mathematics, science, and technology and engineering (T&E) educational standards in the United States. However, mathematical modeling is often overlooked or underemphasized in integrative STEM lessons. This could be attributed to teachers’ limited content and pedagogical knowledge related to integrating mathematical modeling in integrative STEM lessons. Continual advances in technologies like 3D design and printing software and additive manufacturing processes now allow students to see abstract mathematical modeling concepts in contextualized and practical forms. Consequently, we examined changes in mathematics, science, and T&E teachers’ mathematical modeling knowledge and views resulting from a 1‐day integrative professional development (PD) experience. The PD specifically focused on applying mathematical modeling concepts to design and 3D print solutions to integrative STEM lessons. A sample of 50 participating teachers reported increases in certain mathematical modeling knowledge areas, and a large percentage indicated they were more likely to implement mathematical modeling in their classrooms. The results from this study indicated that integrative PD could enhance teachers’ content knowledge, practices, and views about integrative STEM lessons including mathematical modeling and 3D printing. The findings from this study have implications for teachers, school districts, researchers, and professional development providers.
Effect of redundant clinical trials from mainland China evaluating statins in patients with coronary artery disease: cross sectional study
Authors: Jia Yuanxi , Wen Jiajun , Qureshi Riaz , Ehrhardt Stephan , Celentano David D , Wei Xin , Rosman Lori , Wen Yumeng , Robinson Karen A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To identify redundant clinical trials evaluating statin treatment in patients with coronary artery disease from mainland China, and to estimate the number of extra major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) experienced by participants not treated with statins in those trials.

Design
Cross sectional study.

Setting
2577 randomized clinical trials comparing statin treatment with placebo or no treatment in patients with coronary artery disease from mainland China, searched from bibliographic databases to December 2019.

Participants
250 810 patients with any type of coronary artery disease who were enrolled in the 2577 randomized clinical trials.

Main outcome measures
Redundant clinical trials were defined as randomized clinical trials that initiated or continued recruiting after 2008 (ie, one year after statin treatment was strongly recommended by clinical practice guidelines). The primary outcome is the number of extra MACEs that were attributable to the deprivation of statins among patients in the control groups of redundant clinical trials—that is, the number of extra MACEs that could have been prevented if patients were given statins. Cumulative meta-analyses were also conducted to establish the time points when statins were shown to have a statistically significant effect on coronary artery disease.

Results
2045 redundant clinical trials were identified published between 2008 and 2019, comprising 101 486 patients in the control groups not treated with statins for 24 638 person years. 3470 (95% confidence interval 3230 to 3619) extra MACEs were reported, including 559 (95% confidence interval 506 to 612) deaths, 973 (95% confidence interval 897 to 1052) patients with new or recurrent myocardial infarction, 161 (132 to 190) patients with stroke, 83 (58 to 105) patients requiring revascularization, 398 (352 to 448) patients with heart failure, 1197 (1110 to 1282) patients with recurrent or deteriorated angina pectoris, and 99 (95% confidence interval 69 to 129) unspecified MACEs.

Conclusions
Of more than 2000 redundant clinical trials on statins in patients with coronary artery disease identified from mainland China, an extra 3000 MACEs, including nearly 600 deaths, were experienced by participants not treated with statins in these trials. The scale of redundancy necessitates urgent reform to protect patients.
Indicators of dependence and efforts to quit vaping and smoking among youth in Canada, England and the USA
Authors: Hammond David , Reid Jessica L , Rynard Vicki L , O'Connor Richard J , Goniewicz Maciej L , Piper Megan E , Bansal-Travers Maansi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe current study examined indicators of dependence among youth cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users in Canada, England and the USA, including changes between 2017 and 2019.MethodsData are from repeated cross-sectional online surveys conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 with national samples of youth aged 16–19 years, in Canada (n=12 018), England (n=11 362) and the USA (n=12 110). Measures included perceived addiction to cigarettes/e-cigarettes, frequency of experiencing strong urges to smoke/use an e-cigarette, plans to quit smoking/using e-cigarettes and past attempts to quit. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine differences between countries and changes over time.ResultsThe proportion of ever-users who vaped frequently was significantly higher in 2019 compared with 2017 for all outcomes in each country. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion of past 30-day vapers reporting strong urges to vape on most days or more often increased in each country (Canada: 35.3%, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.38; England: 32.8%, AOR 1.55, 1.08 to 2.23; USA: 46.1%, AOR 1.88, 1.41 to 2.50), along with perceptions of being ‘a little’ or ‘very addicted’ to e-cigarettes (Canada: 48.3%, AOR 1.99, 1.44 to 2.75; England: 40.1%, AOR 1.44, 1.03 to 2.01; USA: 53.1%, AOR 1.99, 1.50 to 2.63). Indicators of dependence among smokers were consistently greater than e-cigarette users, although differences had narrowed by 2019, particularly in Canada and the USA.ConclusionsPrevalence of dependence symptoms among young e-cigarette users increased between 2017 and 2019, more so in Canada and the USA compared with England. Dependence symptom prevalence was lower for e-cigarettes than smoking; however, the gap has narrowed over time.
Exploration of nonlinear parallel heterogeneous reaction pathways through Bayesian variable selection
Authors: Oyanagi Ryosuke X. , Kuwatani Tatsu , Omori Toshiaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInversion is a key method for extracting nonlinear dynamics governed by heterogeneous reaction that occur in parallel in the natural sciences. Therefore, in this study, we propose a Bayesian statistical framework to determine the active reaction pathways using only the noisy observable spatial distribution of the solid phase. In this method, active reaction pathways were explored using a Widely Applicable Bayesian Information Criterion (WBIC), which is used to select models within the framework of Bayesian inference. Plausible reaction mechanisms were determined by maximizing the posterior distribution. This conditional probability is obtained through Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. The efficiency of the proposed method is then determined using simulated spatial data of the solid phase. The results show that active reaction pathways can be identified from the redundant candidates of reaction pathways. After these redundant reaction pathways were excluded, the controlling factor of the reaction dynamics was estimated with high accuracy.Graphic Abstract
Cosmological constraints on GUP from modified Friedmann equations
Authors: Giardino Serena , Salzano Vincenzo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) has emerged in numerous attempts to a theory of quantum gravity and predicts the existence of a minimum length in Nature. In this work, we consider two cosmological models arising from Friedmann equations modified by the GUP (in its linear and quadratic formulations) and compare them with observational data. Our aim is to derive constraints on the GUP parameter and discuss the viability and physical implications of such models. We find for the parameter in the quadratic formulation the constraint $$\alpha ^{2}_{Q}<10^{59}$$

α
Q
2

<

10
59

(tighter than most of those obtained in an astrophysical context) while the linear formulation does not appear compatible with present cosmological data. Our analysis highlights the powerful role of high-precision cosmological probes in the realm of quantum gravity phenomenology.
TRACER (TRACe route ExploRer): A tool to explore OSG/WLCG network route topologies
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeniy , Artamonov Alexey , Grigorieva Maria , Klimentov Alexei , McKee Shawn , Vukotic Ilija 
Published: February 2021

The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) rely upon a complex distributed computing infrastructure (WLCG) consisting of hundreds of individual sites worldwide at universities and national laboratories, providing about half a billion computing job slots and an exabyte of storage interconnected through high speed networks. Wide Area Networking (WAN) is one of the three pillars (together with computational resources and storage) of LHC computing. More than 5 PB/day are transferred between WLCG sites. Monitoring is one of the crucial components of WAN and experiments operations. In the past years all experiments have invested significant effort to improve monitoring and integrate networking information with data management and workload management systems. All WLCG sites are equipped with perfSONAR servers to collect a wide range of network metrics. We will present the latest development to provide the 3D force directed graph visualization for data collected by perfSONAR. The visualization package allows site admins, network engineers, scientists and network researchers to better understand the topology of our Research and Education networks and it provides the ability to identify nonreliable or/and nonoptimal network paths, such as those with routing loops or rapidly changing routes.
Permian lamprophyres from the Western Carpathians: a review
Authors: Spišiak Ján , Vetráková Lucia , Chew David , Ferenc Štefan , Šimonová Viera , Butek Juraj , Mikuš Tomáš 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Calc-alkaline lamprophyres from the Western Carpathians occur as dykes and sills in the crystalline complexes (predominantly granites and gneisses) of the Tatric Unit. Some of the lamprophyre dykes have been strongly overprinted by tectonism and hydrothermal fluid ingress. They have a similar mineralogical composition, and they are comprised of clinopyroxene, amphibole, biotite and plagioclase. Based on their modal composition, they can be classified as spessartites and kersantites, and based on their geochemical composition, most of them are of calc-alkali type. Lamprophyres from individual core complexes (e.g. the Malá Fatra Mountains and Nízke Tatry Mountains) exhibit variable Nb, Ta and Sr–Nd isotope signatures. These differences are probably due to compositional variations in the mantle source and/or the lower crust at the site of lamprophyre melt generation, or variable incorporation of crustal material. The age of the lamprophyres is Permian (
c.
265 Ma) based on U–Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of apatite micro-phenocrysts.
The Hydroxyquinoline Analogue YUM70 Inhibits GRP78 to Induce ER Stress–Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Samanta Soma , Yang Suhui , Debnath Bikash , Xue Ding , Kuang Yuting , Ramkumar Kavya , Lee Amy S. , Ljungman Mats , Neamati Nouri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analogue, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress–mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analogue conjugated with BODIPY showed colocalization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress, with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer.

Significance:
This study identifies a novel ER stress inducer that binds GRP78 and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
Comparison of Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors Recruited from a Population-Based Cancer Registry to Eligible Survivors
Authors: Howards Penelope P. , Mink Pamela J. , Kim Konny H. , Woodard Jill J. , Mertens Ann C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Population-based cancer registries provide a resource to recruit young adult cancer survivors who may not be easily identified otherwise.

Methods:
We compared demographic and cancer-related characteristics of participants in a cohort of female young adult cancer survivors to those of eligible survivors in the Georgia Cancer Registry, a population-based registry in the United States. We examined associations between survivor characteristics and nonparticipation using logistic regression and associations between survivor characteristics and different types of nonparticipation (refusal, unable to contact, or unresolved vs. interviewed) using polytomous regression.

Results:
The Georgia Cancer Registry was able to contact 60% of eligible women (3,061/5,137). Of those, 78% agreed to study contact (n = 2,378), and of those, 56% were interviewed (n = 1,342). Participation was similar across age at contact and at diagnosis but varied across cancer type from 17% for cervical cancer to 32% for breast cancer. White women were slightly more likely to be interviewed (28%) than African American women (23%), which was mostly attributable to greater difficulty in contacting African American women (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.1).

Conclusions:
The greatest challenge to recruiting women was contacting them, which differed across some but not all demographic and cancer-related characteristics. When successfully contacted, most survivors agreed to participate.

Impact:
Population-based cancer registries can serve as an invaluable resource to recruit representative samples of young adult cancer survivors, who are otherwise difficult to identify.
Preclinical Evaluation of B7-H3–specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Lichtman Eben I. , Du Hongwei , Shou Peishun , Song Feifei , Suzuki Kyogo , Ahn Sarah , Li Guangming , Ferrone Soldano , Su Lishan , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The development of safe and effective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has largely been limited by the concomitant expression of most AML-associated surface antigens on normal myeloid progenitors and by the potential prolonged disruption of normal hematopoiesis by the immunotargeting of these antigens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate B7-homolog 3 (B7-H3) as a potential target for AML-directed CAR T-cell therapy. B7-H3, a coreceptor belonging to the B7 family of immune checkpoint molecules, is overexpressed on the leukemic blasts of a significant subset of patients with AML and may overcome these limitations as a potential target antigen for AML-directed CAR-T therapy.

Experimental Design:
B7-H3 expression was evaluated on AML cell lines, primary AML blasts, and normal bone marrow progenitor populations. The antileukemia efficacy of B7-H3–specific CAR-T cells (B7-H3.CAR-T) was evaluated using in vitro coculture models and xenograft models of disseminated AML, including patient-derived xenograft models. The potential hematopoietic toxicity of B7-H3.CAR-Ts was evaluated in vitro using colony formation assays and in vivo in a humanized mouse model.

Results:
B7-H3 is expressed on monocytic AML cell lines and on primary AML blasts from patients with monocytic AML, but is not significantly expressed on normal bone marrow progenitor populations. B7-H3.CAR-Ts exhibit efficient antigen-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and in xenograft models of AML, and are unlikely to cause unacceptable hematopoietic toxicity.

Conclusions:
B7-H3 is a promising target for AML-directed CAR-T therapy. B7-H3.CAR-Ts control AML and have a favorable safety profile in preclinical models.
Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia
Authors: Singh Harshdeep , West Robert , Colavizza Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWikipedia’s content is based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close this gap, we release Wikipedia Citations, a comprehensive data set of citations extracted from Wikipedia. We extracted29.3 million citations from 6.1 million English Wikipedia articles as of May 2020, and classified as being books, journal articles, or Web content. We were thus able to extract 4.0 million citations to scholarly publications with known identifiers—including DOI, PMC, PMID, and ISBN—and further equip an extra 261 thousand citations with DOIs from Crossref. As a result, we find that 6.7% of Wikipedia articles cite at least one journal article with an associated DOI, and that Wikipedia cites just 2% of all articles with a DOI currently indexed in the Web of Science. We release our code to allow the community to extend upon our work and update the data set in the future.
Hecataeus and the Origin of Wine
Authors: Kingsley K. Scarlett 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fragment 15 of Hecataeus’ Genealogies describes the origins of wine through a dog’s birth of the root of the grapevine. Scholars have interpreted this as Hecataeus’ toleration of the supernatural or as a case of rationalizing generatio in utero heterogeneo. This article reinterprets the role of the dog’s relationship to wine and argues that Hecataeus is exploiting a linguistic ambiguity to critique a traditional narrative on a celestial dog’s activity on the vintage.
Taking Air Passenger Rights Seriously: The Case Against the Exclusivity of the Montreal Convention
Authors: Bernard Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The 1999 Montreal Convention seeks to unify certain rules concerning the liability of air carriers in international air transport. This article highlights the problems that the exclusion of national rules in favour of a unified international legal regime poses from a consumer protection point of view. International trade regulation carries an inherent structural risk of bias in favour of industry rather than consumer interests. Drawing inspiration from international human rights law, the alternative of an inspired approach based on subsidiarity is put forward, which, instead of seeking rigid uniformity at international level, allows for the recognition of a complementary role for international, regional and national levels in protecting consumers. The feasibility of adopting such a perspective in interpreting the Montreal Convention is also considered.
Branopunten in Het Geologisch Onoerzoek van Oostelijk Centraal-Afrika
Authors: Van Den Haute Peter 
Published: February 2021

Highlights in the geological research of central East Africa.
The present paper offers a general view of the geological history of central East Africa. It is meant to inform persons involved in all kinds of African research about the physical background of this enormous continent. As the text is intended for people with no specific training in the earth sciences, an extensive introductory part has been dedicated to the general principles and methods of historical geology. The principle of superposition and the meaning of a major unconformity are shortly explained. Also the significance of fossils and of radiometric dating is elucidated with respect to the reconstruction of geological history.
Further on a general outline is given of the great mountain belts of the African continent dating back from the earliest geological times (Precambrian), followed by a more detailed discussion of these belts in central East Africa. As to the younger structures of this region, attention has been focused on the large elongated furrow known as the East African rift. The major characteristics of this important feature in the earth's crust are described and its genesis is briefly discussed.
De Partnerkeuze in Modern Afrika
Authors: Dries Hugo 
Published: February 2021

Partnerchoice in modern Africa
Partner choice in Africa was investigated in a modernization study. The research sample consisted of 275 adult males from the Zaïrean province of Shaba (university students, clerks, workmen and illiterate rurals). The sample was split up into two subgroups : the “moderns” and the “traditional”.
Our main research instrument was a series of 14 pictures, inspired on the Thematic Apperception Technique.
Traditionally, it was the father, or the family, who arranged marriage for the son. Modern young Africans more and more want to choose their partner on their own. This modern attitude leads to a number of conflict situations, because, on the one hand, Africans want to realise their partner choice by themselves, but on the other hand, they do not like to endanger their relationships with the family.
De Afrikaanse Roman en de Westerse Lezer. Probleemschets en Gevalstudie
Authors: Vermeulen Julien 
Published: February 2021

African literature, like any other literature remote in space or time, can be approached in two different ways. We can read it from our own point of view and try to appreciate it with our own literary standards. We can also try to read it as it was experienced and appreciated by its immediate audience, which means by the African public at the time of publication.
Reactions given by a group of Dutch-speaking readers on a novel by E. Dongala clearly illustrate that the second approach is hardly achievable, however attractive it may seem. So we have to accept that every reading of an African literary work implies a serious degree of creative treason.
La Deuxieme Republique Rwandaise : Evolution, Bilan et Perspectives
Authors: Reyntjens Filip 
Published: February 2021

The Second Republic Of Rwanda : Evolution, Balance And Perspectives
This paper provides a short survey and assessment of the political evolution of Rwanda since the inception of the Second Republic in 1973. After a period of de facto rule the country returned to constitutional government in 1978. A single party, the Revolutionary National Movement for the Development, had already been created by the military in 1975. The paper examines the constitution, the organisation of elections, political conflict and the respect for human rights and the rule of law. While the regime has achieved considerable successes, the paper argues that its level of institutionalisation remains limited and that its stability and achievements are essentially due to the personality of President Habyarimana.