bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful rotational atherectomies for calcified left main stenosis with distal aneurysms in the elderly
Authors: Silalahi Todung D. A. , Suwita Christopher S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn complex calcified LM lesions, RA is an effective and safe alternative for resolving stenosis. As a plaque modifier, RA can allow an optimal stent deployment. Nevertheless, in limited availability of intravascular imaging, well‐preparedness against incidental angiography findings is mandatory. Distal aneurysm is not a contraindication provided that the team has the necessary experience.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: D'Alterio Massimo C. , Casals‐Cruañas Èric , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Talarico Giovanni , Nolan Steven P. , Poater Albert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe story of C−C bond formation includes several reactions, and surely Suzuki‐Miyaura is among the most outstanding ones. Herein, a brief historical overview of insights regarding the reaction mechanism is provided. In particular, the formation of the catalytically active species is probably the main concern, thus the preactivation is in competition with, or even assumes the role of the rate determining step (rds) of the overall reaction. Computational chemistry is key in identifying the rds and thus leading to milder conditions on an experimental level by means of predictive catalysis.
Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques for the Structural Characterization of Geminal Alane‐Phosphane Frustrated Lewis Pairs and Secondary Adducts
Authors: Wübker Anna‐Lena , Koppe Jonas , Bradtmüller Henrik , Keweloh Lukas , Pleschka Damian , Uhl Werner , Hansen Michael Ryan , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe first comprehensive solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of geminal alane‐phosphane frustrated Lewis pairs (Al/P FLPs) is reported. Their relevant NMR parameters (isotropic chemical shifts, direct and indirect 27Al‐31P spin‐spin coupling constants, and 27Al nuclear electric quadrupole coupling tensor components) have been determined by numerical analysis of the experimental NMR line shapes and compared with values computed from the known crystal structures by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. Our work demonstrates that the 31P NMR chemical shifts for the studied Al/P FLPs are very sensitive to slight structural inequivalences. The 27Al NMR central transition signals are spread out over a broad frequency range (>200 kHz), owing to the presence of strong nuclear electric quadrupolar interactions that can be well‐reproduced by the static 27Al wideband uniform rate smooth truncation (WURST) Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (WCPMG) NMR experiment. 27Al chemical shifts and quadrupole tensor components offer a facile and clear distinction between three‐ and four‐coordinate aluminum environments. For measuring internuclear Al⋅⋅⋅P distances a new resonance‐echo saturation‐pulse double‐resonance (RESPDOR) experiment was developed by using efficient saturation via frequency‐swept WURST pulses. The successful implementation of this widely applicable technique indicates that internuclear Al⋅⋅⋅P distances in these compounds can be measured within a precision of ±0.1 Å.
Osteosarcoma Stem Cell Potent Gallium(III)‐Polypyridyl Complexes Bearing Diflunisal
Authors: Xiao Zhiyin , Passeri Ginevra , Northcote‐Smith Joshua , Singh Kuldip , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the anti‐osteosarcoma stem cell (OSC) properties of a series of gallium(III)‐polypyridyl complexes (5‐7) containing diflunisal, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. The most effective complex within the series, 6 (containing 3,4,7,8‐tetramethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), displayed similar potency towards bulk osteosarcoma cells and OSCs, in the nanomolar range. Remarkably, 6 exhibited significantly higher monolayer and sarcosphere OSC potency (up to three orders of magnitude) than clinically approved drugs used in frontline (cisplatin and doxorubicin) and secondary (etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin) osteosarcoma treatments. Mechanistic studies show that 6 downregulates cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and kills osteosarcoma cells in a COX‐2 dependent manner. Furthermore, 6 induces genomic DNA damage and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, 6 is the first metal complex to kill osteosarcoma cells by simultaneously inhibiting COX‐2 and damaging nuclear DNA.
Modelling and simulation of a photocatalytic reactor at high TiO2 concentrations
Authors: Cid Lucía del C. , Vera Claudia M. C. , Sorichetti Patricio A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work presents a model of an annular batch slurry photocatalytic reactor using titanium dioxide at high concentrations and pH close to 7. The model considers the effects of the agglomeration of catalyst particles that take place when the reactor operates close to neutral pH. It also includes the adsorption/desorption equilibrium of the contaminant on the catalyst during 1 h in darkness, followed by the photochemical reaction under UV irradiation. The reactor was modelled by a system of differential equations solved using the Micro‐Cap 12 program. This powerful software package numerically solves the differential equations as an equivalent network, providing a convenient graphical interface for model programming and plotting of results. The model was validated with measurements at several catalyst concentrations from 1–2.5 g/L. Aeroxide P25, supplied by Evonik, was used as catalyst, with UV irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nm. Orange II, a widely used azo dye, was chosen as the model contaminant. The model results were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. Simulations were carried out with different initial conditions, to analyze the influence of the system variables on the performance of the reactor. In this way, the optimal design criteria at high catalyst concentrations were found. The mathematical model is simple and robust and can be applied in a straightforward way to the design and scaling of photocatalytic reactors. It is also particularly attractive for educational purposes.
Sustainability game
Authors: Pedol Miriam , Biffi Elena , Melzi Simone 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a dynamic multistage game in which sustainability is a value that is shared between companies and stakeholders in a competitive market. The game solution could move from a Nash equilibrium to a higher equilibrium, the MES equilibrium, because of the presence of stakeholders who influence the choice and the set of sustainable strategies. Stakeholders provide feedback to companies (by way of awards, ratings, rankings, rebukes, etc.) at every stage of the game. Positive feedback gives a company the chance to expand its business opportunities, leveraging on good reputation, customer loyalty, operational risk mitigation, resilience, employees' cohesion, etc. The interaction between companies and stakeholders also allows companies to seize market opportunities (e.g., supplying sustainable products for responsible customers, sustainable investments for investors, etc.). The sustainability game demonstrates how sustainability can engage the economic system in a market shift.
Tracing Digital Divides in Indonesian Islam: Ambivalences of Media and Class
Authors: Slama Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe article examines questions of the digital divide from a religious perspective. It asks about the consequences of unequal access to and limitations on uses of social media among Indonesian Muslims with regard to their Islamic practice and sociality. The article concentrates on two phenomena: Islamic preachers and their affective‐cum‐economic relationship with their followers who are often organized in Islamic study groups; and online Qur'an reading groups that are frequently part of this Islamic preacher economy. Both examples point to the ambivalences that are present in Indonesia concerning economic inequality, social belonging, the uses of new media as well as the meaning of the term class as such. The article considers how these ambivalences are coming to the fore in the context of the introduction of new media and how class boundaries are renegotiated and reintroduced in Islamic online realms. From the discussion of the two examples and the ambivalences that become apparent through them, the article concludes that mediated religiosity that demands a strong presence on social media platforms is largely a middle‐class affair in Indonesia being articulated in ways that are partly reminiscent of offline class distinctions and their ambivalences.
Humor, Piety, and Masculinity: The Role of Digital Platforms in Aiding “Conversations” Between Islamic Preachers and Waria in Indonesia
Authors: Fadhlina Amirah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the influence of digital platforms in opening up ways for Islamic preachers in Indonesia to conduct dakwah and connect with their Muslim audience using distinct affective mechanisms, such as localized humor, pious activism, and display of Islamic knowledge–authority. Since 2016, influenced by online preachers who have earned a loyal following through YouTube, there has been a spike in national interest toward the Islamic discourse of immorality associated with the globalized LGBTQ liberation movement. In this article, I will investigate the role of digital dakwah in perpetuating a moral discourse against gender nonconforming expressions and reinforcing the popular discourse of embodying daily Islamic piety to preserve the morality of the Indonesian nation. I am specifically interested in examining the digital presence of Ustadz Abdul Somad and Ustadz Felix Siauw, two prominent Indonesian Islamic preachers, and their particular “interactions” and views toward waria communities in Indonesia. Using evidence from YouTube, I distinguish and illuminate three affective mechanisms used by Islamic preachers and waria to engage in the broader discourse of LGBTQ rights and gender nonconformity in Indonesia: carpool dakwah, humor, and religious authority.
Negotiating Salafism: Women Prayer Groups and their Preachers in Indonesia's Islamic Digital Mediascapes
Authors: Husein Fatimah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with Muslim women's negotiation of Salafism at the intersection of online and offline spaces. It focuses on two groups of Indonesian Muslim women who formed majelis taklim (study groups on Islam), namely Majelis Mutia (lit. Assembly of the Obedient) and Majelis Sahabat Cinta (lit. Assembly of the Friends of Love), to examine how these social media‐savvy women, who demand a more contextual interpretation of the Islamic foundational texts, negotiate Salafi teachings in order to bring them in accordance with their everyday lives. This article argues that online and offline encounters at these majelis have brought different negotiations. They have also created incongruencies, especially on the parts of Salafi preachers, as the latter have to adjust to the audience who are not used to pure Salafi discourse. These incongruencies provide opportunities for the members of the majelis taklim to practice a “softer version” of Salafism that, on occasion, seems to contradict those same Salafi teachings. Contrary to the general understanding that Muslim women are easy prey for Salafis, my research shows that the proliferation of preachers in the context of Indonesia's Islamic digital mediascapes have created a far more pluralized and optative religious forum.
Robustness of digital PCR and real‐time PCR against inhibitors in transgene detection for gene doping control in equestrian sports
Authors: Tozaki Teruaki , Ohnuma Aoi , Kikuchi Mio , Ishige Taichiro , Kakoi Hironaga , Hirota Kei‐ichi , Kusano Kanichi , Nagata Shun‐ichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGene doping is a threat to fair competition in sports, both human and equestrian. One method of gene doping is to administer exogenous genetic materials, called transgenes, into the bodies of postnatal humans and horses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based transgene detection methods such as digital PCR and real‐time PCR have been developed for gene doping testing in humans and horses. However, the significance of PCR inhibitors in gene doping testing has not been well evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PCR inhibitors on transgene detection using digital PCR and real‐time PCR against gene doping. Digital PCR amplification was significantly inhibited by high concentrations of proteinase K (more than 0.1 μg/μl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (more than 5 nmol/μl), and heparin (more than 0.05 unit/μl) but not by ethanol or genomic DNA. In addition, phenol affected droplet formation in the digital PCR amplification process. Real‐time PCR amplification was inhibited by high concentrations of phenol (more than 1% v/v), proteinase K (more than 0.001 μg/μl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (more than 1 nmol/μl), heparin (more than 0.005 unit/μl), and genomic DNA (more than 51.9 ng/μl) but not by ethanol. Although both PCR systems were inhibited by nearly the same substances, digital PCR was more robust than real‐time PCR against the inhibitors. We believe that our findings are important for the development of better methods for transgene detection and prevention of false negative results in gene doping testing.
Late diagnoses of Dravet syndrome: How many individuals are we missing?
Authors: Silvennoinen Katri , Puvirajasinghe Clinda , Hudgell Kirsty , Sidhu Meneka K. , Martins Custodio Helena ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Jones Wendy D. , Balestrini Simona , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report new genetic diagnoses of Dravet syndrome in a group of adults with complex epilepsy of unknown cause, under follow‐up at a tertiary epilepsy center. Individuals with epilepsy and other features of unknown cause from our unit underwent whole‐genome sequencing through the 100 000 Genomes Project. Virtual gene panels were applied to frequency‐filtered variants based on phenotype summary. Of 1078 individuals recruited, 8 (0.74%) were identified to have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in SCN1A. Variant types were as follows: nonsense (stopgain) in five (62.5%) and missense in three (37.5%). Detailed review of childhood history confirmed a phenotype compatible with Dravet syndrome. Median age at genetic diagnosis was 44.5 years (range 28‐52 years). Tonic‐clonic seizures were ongoing in all despite polytherapy including valproate. All had a history of fever sensitivity and myoclonic seizures, which were ongoing in two (25%) and three (37.5%) individuals, respectively. Salient features of Dravet syndrome may be less apparent in adulthood, making clinical diagnosis difficult. Regardless of age, benefits of a genetic diagnosis include access to syndrome‐specific treatment options, avoidance of harmful drugs, and monitoring for common complications.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from retail meats in Anhui, China
Authors: Wang Wu , Chen Jing , Shao Xuefei , Huang Pan , Zha Jing , Ye Yingwang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalmonella is considered one of the major foodborne pathogens associated with severe infections. Little attempt has been focused on the distribution of Salmonella in retail meats and the analysis of its phenotypic characteristics in Anhui Province. The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of Salmonella serovars, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes in Salmonella recovered from retail meats in Anhui, China. Out of the 120 samples collected from supermarket chains and open‐air markets, 16 samples (13.3%) were positive for Salmonella, of which Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the common serotypes. Significant differences in incidence were found between supermarket chains and open‐air markets (p < 0.05). Overall, all 16 isolates were resistant to at least two tested antimicrobials, while 12 isolates showed multiple antimicrobial resistant phenotypes. High resistance was observed for ampicillin (87.5%), doxycycline (75.0%), and tetracycline (62.5%). The sul2 was detected in all isolates, and the aac(6′)‐Ib‐cr (93.8%) and the tetA (81.3%) were predominant in 10 resistance genes conferring five classes of antimicrobials. In addition, the correlation between resistance phenotypes and genes of tetracyclines and aminoglycosides was more than 80%. Interestingly, all the Salmonella isolates contained the genes mogA, mgtC, sopB, and spvB, whereas the siiE was variably represented. The findings in this study showed high prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and the existence of virulence genes, suggesting that effective measures are required to ensure microbial safety from retail meats.
L‐citrulline inhibits body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation by improving lipid metabolism in a rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model
Authors: Kudo Maya , Yamagishi Yoshie , Suguro Shiori , Nishihara Masaaki , Yoshitomi Hisae , Hayashi Misa , Gao Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBody weight gain is a social issue all over the world. When body weight increased, hepatic fat accumulation also increased and it causes fatty liver disease. Therefore, developing a new treatment method and elucidating its mechanism is necessary. L‐citrulline (L‐Cit) is a free amino acid found mainly in watermelon. No reports regarding its effects on the improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrogenesis are currently available. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect and the mechanism of L‐Cit on inhibition of body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation in high‐fat and high‐cholesterol fed SHRSP5/Dmcr rats.MethodsL‐Cit or water (controls) was administered to six‐week‐old male SHRSP5/Dmcr rats by gavage for nine weeks. We recorded the level of body weight and food intake while performing the administration and sacrificed rats. After that, the blood and lipid metabolism‐related organs and tissues were collected and analyzed.ResultsL‐Cit treatment reduced body weight gain and hepatic TC and TG levels, and serum levels of AST and ALT. L‐Cit enhanced AMPK, LKB1, PKA, and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) protein phosphorylation levels in the epididymal fat. L‐Cit treatment improved steatosis as revealed by HE staining of liver tissues and enhanced AMPK and LKB1 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, activation of Sirt1 was higher, while the liver fatty acid synthase (FAS) level was lower. Azan staining of liver sections revealed a reduction in fibrogenesis following L‐Cit treatment. Further, the liver levels of TGF‐β, Smad2/3, and α‐SMA, fibrogenesis‐related proteins and genes, were lower in the L‐Cit‐treated group.ConclusionsFrom the results of analysis of the epididymal fat and the liver, L‐Cit inhibits body weight gain and hepatic fat accumulation by activating lipid metabolism and promoting fatty acid β‐oxidation in SHRSP5/Dmcr rats.
Lives saved during economic downturns: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Atalay Kadir , Edwards Rebecca , Schurer Stefanie , Ubilava David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorldwide, countries have been restricting work and social activities to counter the emerging public health crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. These measures have caused dramatic increases in unemployment. Some commentators argue that the "draconian measures" will do more harm than good due to the economic contraction, despite a large literature that finds mortality rates decline during recessions. We estimate the relationship between unemployment, a proxy for economic climate, and mortality in Australia, a country with universal health care. Using administrative time‐series data on mortality by state, age, sex, and cause of death for 1979–2017, we find no relationship between unemployment and mortality on average. However, we observe beneficial health effects in economic downturns for young men, associated with a reduction in transport accidents. Our estimates imply 431 fewer deaths in 2020 if unemployment rates double as forecast. For the early 1980s, we find a procyclical pattern in infant mortality rates. However, this pattern disappears starting from the mid‐1980s, coincident with the 1984 implementation of universal health care. Our results suggest that universal health care may insulate individuals from the health effects of macroeconomic fluctuations.
Improvement of image quality of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using noise‐optimized virtual monoenergetic image and nonlinear blending image algorithms in dual‐energy computed tomography
Authors: He Changjiu , Liu Jieke , Hu Shibei , Qing Haomiao , Luo Hongbing , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Ying , Zhou Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) has been used to improve image quality of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aimed to assess image quality of laryngeal SCC using linear blending image (LBI), nonlinear blending image (NBI), and noise‐optimized virtual monoenergetic image (VMI+) algorithms.MethodsThirty‐four patients with laryngeal SCC were retrospectively enrolled between June 2019 and December 2020. DECT images were reconstructed using LBI (80 kV and M_0.6), NBI, and VMI+ (40 and 55 keV) algorithms. Contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), tumor delineation, and overall image quality were assessed and compared.ResultsVMI+ (40 keV) had the highest CNR and provided better tumor delineation than VMI+ (55 keV), LBI, and NBI, while NBI provided better overall image quality than VMI+ and LBI (all corrected p < 0.05).ConclusionsVMI+ (40 keV) and NBI improve image quality of laryngeal SCC and may be preferable in DECT examination.
The effects of genetic polymorphisms on benzene‐exposed workers: A systematic review
Authors: Ramírez‐Lopera Verónica , Uribe‐Castro Daniel , Bautista‐Amorocho Henry , Silva‐Sayago Jorge Alexander , Mateus‐Sánchez Enrique , Ardila‐Barbosa Wilman Yesid , Pérez‐Cala Tania Liseth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsBenzene is a group I carcinogen, which has been associated with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Moreover, it has been proposed that polymorphisms in benzene metabolizing genes influence the outcomes of benzene exposure in the human body. This systematic review aims to elucidate the existent relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the risk of developing adverse health effects in benzene‐exposed workers.MethodsThree databases were systematically searched until April 2020. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses method was used to select articles published between 2005 and 2020. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated by the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsAfter full‐text evaluation, 36 articles remained out of 645 initially screened. The most studied health effects within the reviewed papers were chronic benzene poisoning, hematotoxicity, altered urinary biomarkers of exposure, micronucleus/chromosomal aberrations, and gene methylation. Furthermore, some polymorphisms on NQO1, GSTT1, GSTM1, MPO, and CYP2E1, among other genes, showed a statistically significant relationship with an increased risk of developing at least one of these effects on benzene‐exposed workers. However, there was no consensus among the reviewed papers on which specific polymorphisms were the ones associated with the adverse health‐related outcomes, except for the NQO1 rs1800566 and the GSTT1 null genotypes. Additionally, the smoking habit was identified as a confounder, demonstrating worse health outcomes in exposed workers that smoked.ConclusionThough there is a positive relationship between genetic polymorphisms and detrimental health outcomes for benzene‐exposed workers, broader benzene‐exposed cohorts that take into account the genetic diversity of the population are needed in order to determine which specific polymorphisms incur in health risks.