bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of microstructured electrodes via electroless metal deposition onto polydopamine‐coated polystyrene substrates and thermal shrinking
Authors: Gonzalez‐Martinez Eduardo , Saem Sokunthearath (Kevin) , Beganovic Nadine E. , Moran‐Mirabal Jose 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ability to provide high sensitivity with small footprints makes miniaturized electrodes key components of biosensing, wearable electronics and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. Recently, thin film deposition onto polystyrene films, followed by thermal shrinking has been used to produce microstructured electrodes (MSEs) with high electroactive surface area (ESA). Nevertheless, the high cost associated with film deposition through evaporation used in microfabrication and the variability in performance of screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) remain key barriers that limit their widespread deployment. Here, a simple and inexpensive method is developed for the solution‐based patterning of high‐quality metallic films on polystyrene substrates for MSE fabrication. The ESA of electrodes produced through this method is 2 × and 12 × larger than that of microstructured and planar electrodes produced through sputtering, respectively, and their cost is only 20% of sputtered ones. This methodology allows the fabrication of on‐chip microstructured electrochemical cells (SMECs) with excellent analytical performance (3% RSD inter‐day reproducibility and 0.3% RSD repeatability), superior to that of commercially available SPEs. In addition, the ESA of SMECs is significantly higher than that of SPEs, and they show excellent response toward dopamine detection. We anticipate that this solution‐based fabrication approach will expedite the development of miniaturized sensing platforms for point‐of‐care applications.
An analytical model for the progressive failure prediction of reinforced thermoplastic pipes under axial compression
Authors: Liu Wencheng , Wang Shuqing , Bu Jiarun , Ding Xindong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn analytical model is presented to predict the progressive failure of reinforced thermoplastic pipes (RTPs) under axial compression, in which the existing homogenization method and a nonlinear stiffness degradation model are combined to predict the continuum damage mechanical response in an iterative and cyclic way. As the homogenization method ignores the effect of the cross‐sectional curvature on the damage sequence, a stress correction factor is defined to consider this effect. Once corrected stresses satisfy Hashin‐Yeh failure criteria, the nonlinear stiffness degradation model is adopted to update the constitutive relationship established by the homogenization method. The proposed model is capable of identifying the damage location and failure mode, analyzing damage accumulation and predicting the ultimate compression. Meanwhile, ABAQUS Explicit quasi‐static analyses calling a user‐defined subroutine were conducted to capture the progressive failure mechanisms in 3D composites and verify the proposed model. The proposed model was found to give accurate prediction on the elastic stiffness, first ply failure, the damaged stiffness, the ultimate compression, and stress distributions. Furthermore, the effects of fiber's winding angles and the thickness‐radius ratios have been discussed, which illustrate that tensile failure mode would appear even when RTPs are under axial compression.
Search for relevant subsets of binary predictors in high dimensional regression for discovering the lead molecule
Authors: Mameli Valentina , Slanzi Debora , Poli Irene , Green Darren V.S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the main problems that the drug discovery research field confronts is to identify small molecules, modulators of protein function, which are likely to be therapeutically useful. Common practices rely on the screening of vast libraries of small molecules (often 1–2 million molecules) in order to identify a molecule, known as a lead molecule, which specifically inhibits or activates the protein function. To search for the lead molecule, we investigate the molecular structure, which generally consists of an extremely large number of fragments. Presence or absence of particular fragments, or groups of fragments, can strongly affect molecular properties. We study the relationship between molecular properties and its fragment composition by building a regression model, in which predictors, represented by binary variables indicating the presence or absence of fragments, are grouped in subsets and a bi‐level penalization term is introduced for the high dimensionality of the problem. We evaluate the performance of this model in two simulation studies, comparing different penalization terms and different clustering techniques to derive the best predictor subsets structure. Both studies are characterized by small sets of data relative to the number of predictors under consideration. From the results of these simulation studies, we show that our approach can generate models able to identify key features and provide accurate predictions. The good performance of these models is then exhibited with real data about the MMP–12 enzyme.
Quantum Sensing of Insulator‐to‐Metal Transitions in a Mott Insulator
Authors: McLaughlin Nathan J. , Kalcheim Yoav , Suceava Albert , Wang Hailong , Schuller Ivan K. , Du Chunhui Rita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrogen vacancy (NV) centers, optically active atomic defects in diamond, have attracted tremendous interest for quantum sensing, network, and computing applications due to their excellent quantum coherence and remarkable versatility in a real, ambient environment. Taking advantage of these strengths, this paper reports on NV‐based local sensing of the electrically driven insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) in a proximal Mott insulator. The resistive switching properties of both pristine and ion‐irradiated VO2 thin film devices are studied by performing optically detected NV electron spin resonance measurements. These measurements probe the local temperature and magnetic field in electrically biased VO2 devices, which are in agreement with the global transport measurement results. In pristine devices, the electrically driven IMT proceeds through Joule heating up to the transition temperature while in ion‐irradiated devices, the transition occurs nonthermally, well below the transition temperature. The results provide direct evidence for nonthermal electrically induced IMT in a Mott insulator, highlighting the significant opportunities offered by NV quantum sensors in exploring nanoscale thermal and electrical behaviors in Mott materials.
A case of acute inhalation injury caused by premeditated chlorine gas exposure
Authors: Katano Takuma , Murao Hiroto , Kato Toshio , Kubo Akihito , Ito Satoru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChlorine is a toxic gas that causes severe inhalation injury. We report the case of a 43‐year‐old woman who inhaled chlorine gas generated by mixing household bleach and vinegar. She was referred to our hospital because she had developed respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse ground‐glass opacity and the tree‐in‐bud pattern. We diagnosed acute inhalation injury compatible with that due to chlorine gas exposure. Six days after admission, her respiratory symptoms and abnormal CT findings fully resolved without the use of bronchodilators or corticosteroids. This is the first report of a patient with acute inhalation injury caused by intentional chlorine gas exposure. It is considered that chlorine gas reached her respiratory tract and induced widespread injury from bronchioles to alveoli.
Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Al3+ Based on the Inner Filter and Static Quenching Effects of Carbon Dots Obtained from Neem Leaves
Authors: Wu Jiangyao , Zhang Yudong , Dong Yan , Zhi Shumin , Yang Xueyun , Yao Cheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe level of Al3+ is an indicator for many diseases of human, so the selective and sensitive detection of Al3+ is critically important for human health. In this study, a simple and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the detection of Al3+ in the aqueous solution was developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching effect (SQE) of the carbon dots (CDs) and fluorescein. The preparation of CDs was facile and green by a one‐step hydrothermal method, using the fresh Melia azedarach L. leaves as the raw material. The fluorescence of CDs at 430 nm was quenched owing to the combination of IFE and SQE while the fluorescence of fluorescein at 515 nm was enhanced upon adding fluorescein. Meanwhile, fluorescein interacted with Al3+ resulting in the quenching of the fluorescence of fluorescein at 515 nm and the recovering of the fluorescence of CDs at 430 nm with the addition of Al3+ into the system of CDs‐fluorescein. The linear range of the ratiometric fluorescent sensor (F515/F430) for Al3+ detection was 0–500 μM and the detection limit was 0.216 μM. Importantly, it had been successfully applied in the detection of Al3+ in the drinking and environmental water.
A Simple and Efficient Extraction Method for the Preconcentration of Copper in Tap Water and Linden Tea Samples Prior to FAAS Measurement
Authors: Demir Cansu , Öner Miray , Bodur Süleyman , Er Elif Öztürk , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple, low‐cost and eco‐friendly analytical method namely syringe assisted pipette tip dispersive solid phase extraction (SA‐PT‐DSPE) combined with slotted quartz tube‐flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT‐FAAS) system was presented for the determination of copper at trace levels in linden tea and tap water samples. Under the optimal experimental conditions, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values obtained for the SA‐PT‐DSPE‐SQT‐FAAS system were calculated as 3.7 and 12.5 μg/L, respectively. The SA‐PT‐DSPE‐SQT‐FAAS system provided a 44.0‐folds improvement in detection power of the conventional FAAS. The recovery results for tap water samples were calculated close to 100 % via external calibration strategy. Negative matrix effects on the analyte were observed for linden tea samples. Therefore, recovery studies were performed by matrix matching calibration strategy and percentage recoveries were found to be between 88.0–102.0 % with low standard deviation values.
Ligand Exchange Reactions between Phosphonic Acids at TiO2 Nanoparticle Surfaces
Authors: Yamashita Shohei , Sudo Tatsuya , Kamiya Hidehiro , Okada Yohei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the surface chemistry of organic‐inorganic interfaces is a prerequisite for the design of novel nanohybrid materials. Herein, we disclose that phosphonate ligands tightly bind to TiO2 nanoparticle surfaces and cannot be displaced even through repetitive decantation by methanol. However, 1D 1H solution NMR analyses unambiguously show that they can be effectively exchanged by other phosphonic acids. A key enabler for successful measurements is the design and synthesis of a novel phosphonic acid ligand that stabilizes TiO2 nanoparticles in toluene to form homogeneous colloidal conditions.
Quantitative PCR of Small Nucleic Acids: Size Matters
Authors: Lim Jay Min , Tevatia Rahul , Saraf Ravi F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantitative dysregulation in small nucleic acids (NA), such as microRNA (miRNA), extracted from minimally invasive biopsies, such as, blood, stool, urine, nose, throat, are promising biomarker for diseases diagnosis and management. We quantify the effect of the extra step of poly(A) ligation for cDNA synthesis and small size of the NA on the limit of quantification (LOQ) of quantitative PCR (qPCR), the gold standard to measure copy number. It was discovered that for small NA, the cycle threshold, Ct that is proportional to ‐log[c], where [c] is the concentration of the target NA exhibits a sharp transition. The results indicate that although the limit of detection (LOD) of qPCR can be in femtomolar range, the LOQ is significantly reduced by well over three orders of magnitude, in picomolar range. Specifically, the study reveals that the PCR product length is the primary reason the limitation on LOQ and is explicitly shown to be an important consideration for primer design for qPCR in general.
Corporate viability and sustainability: A case study in a Mexican corporation
Authors: Martinez‐Lozada Andrea C. , Espinosa Angela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on preliminary testing of the “Self‐Transformation Methodology” (STM) to rebalance an organisational structure in order to improve the effectiveness of corporate sustainability (CS) strategy implementation. It presents the results of a pilot study where it was possible to align CS strategy and organisational structure, clarifying the required adapting and learning organisational processes and closing the learning loop by continuously monitoring sustainability indicators during this process. Additionally, it reflects on the learning and needs for further developments of the methodology. This research contributes to CS and system thinking literature with an approach to address the challenges of integrating CS initiatives into the operation of a firm. The STM methodology has shown good potential for creating a more effective context for CS strategy implementation. The research scope is limited, and in consequence, more action research is required to fully apply the adjusted methodology to further corroborate the initial findings.
Explorations of Linkages Between Intercultural Dialogue, Art, and Empathy
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Koistinen Aino-Kaisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the 2000s, European societies have transformed quickly due to the networked global economy, deepening a European integration process, forced and voluntary movement of people to and within Europe, and influence of social media on culture, communication, and society. Europe has become an increasingly diverse and pluricultural continent where many people simultaneously identify with multiple different cultural and social groups. In such “super-diversified” (Vertovec in New complexities of cohesion in Britain: Super-diversity, transnationalism and civil-integration, Communities and Local Government Publications, Wetherby, 2007) European societies diversity itself is broad, multidimensional, and fluid (Vertovec in New complexities of cohesion in Britain: Super-diversity, transnationalism and civil-integration, Communities and Local Government Publications, Wetherby, 2007; Blommaert and Rampton in Language and Superdiversity. Diversities 13(2):1–21, 2011). Different social locations and identities intersect within them—whether cultural, ethnic, national, social, religious, or linguistic. At the same time, however, European societies have faced the rise of diverse populist and radical right-wing movements promoting profoundly monoculturalist views and cultural purism. What are the means to confront this polarization of views and attitudes in Europe?
Ultralight scalars in leptonic observables
Authors: Escribano Pablo , Vicente Avelino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany new physics scenarios contain ultralight scalars, states which are either exactly massless or much lighter than any other massive particle in the model. Axions and majorons constitute well-motivated examples of this type of particle. In this work, we explore the phenomenology of these states in low-energy leptonic observables. After adopting a model independent approach that includes both scalar and pseudoscalar interactions, we briefly discuss the current limits on the diagonal couplings to charged leptons and consider processes in which the ultralight scalarϕis directly produced, such asμ→eϕ, or acts as a mediator, as inτ→μμμ. Contributions to the charged leptons magnetic and electric moments are studied as well.
(5d RG-flow) trees in the tropical rain forest
Authors: van Beest Marieke , Bourget Antoine , Eckhard Julius , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
5d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) can be obtained from 6d SCFTs by circle compactification and mass deformation. Successive decoupling of hypermultiplet matter and RG-flow generates a decoupling tree of descendant 5d SCFTs. In this paper we determine the magnetic quivers and Hasse diagrams, that encode the Higgs branches of 5d SCFTs, for entire decoupling trees. Central to this undertaking is the approach in [1], which, starting from the generalized toric polygons (GTPs) dual to 5-brane webs/tropical curves, provides a systematic and succinct derivation of magnetic quivers and their Hasse diagrams. The decoupling in the GTP description is straightforward, and generalizes the standard flop transitions of curves in toric polygons. We apply this approach to a large class of 5d KK-theories, and compute the Higgs branches for their descendants. In particular we determine the decoupling tree for all rank 2 5d SCFTs. For each tree, we also identify the flavor symmetry algebras from the magnetic quivers, including non-simply-laced flavor symmetries.
Determination of the possible quantum numbers for the newly observed Ξb(6227)0 state
Authors: Azizi K. , Sarac Y. , Sundu H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe LHCb Collaboration recently reported the observation of a new excited bottom baryon Ξb(6227)0and announced an improvement in the measurements related to the previously observed Ξb(6227)−state. We conduct an analysis for Ξb(6227)0state considering it as isospin partner of the Ξb(6227)−resonance and possibly 1Por 2Sexcited state with spinJ=$$ \frac{3}{2} $$32. The corresponding masses for both possibilities have consistent results with the experimental data, indicating that only with the mass sum rules, one can not make exact decision on the nature and quantum numbers of this state. To go further, the decays of these possible excited states to$$ {\Xi}_b^{-}{\pi}^{+} $$Ξb−π+final state are also considered and the relevant strong coupling constants are extracted from the light cone sum rules. The obtained decay width values support the possibility of Ξb(6227)0to be the 1Pexcited state of Ξb(5945)0baryon.
The enteric nervous system in gastrointestinal disease etiology
Authors: Holland Amy Marie , Bon-Frauches Ana Carina , Keszthelyi Daniel , Melotte Veerle , Boesmans Werend 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly conserved but convoluted network of neurons and glial cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS), is positioned along the wall of the gut to coordinate digestive processes and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Because ENS components are in charge of the autonomous regulation of gut function, it is inevitable that their dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology and symptom generation of gastrointestinal disease. While for neurodevelopmental disorders such as Hirschsprung, ENS pathogenesis appears to be clear-cut, the role for impaired ENS activity in the etiology of other gastrointestinal disorders is less established and is often deemed secondary to other insults like intestinal inflammation. However, mounting experimental evidence in recent years indicates that gastrointestinal homeostasis hinges on multifaceted connections between the ENS, and other cellular networks such as the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and the intestinal microbiome. Derangement of these interactions could underlie gastrointestinal disease onset and elicit variable degrees of abnormal gut function, pinpointing, perhaps unexpectedly, the ENS as a diligent participant in idiopathic but also in inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the gut. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on the role of the ENS in the pathogenesis of enteric neuropathies, disorders of gut–brain interaction, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancer.
Cerebrovascular Complications and Vessel Wall Imaging in COVID-19 Encephalopathy—A Pilot Study
Authors: Uginet Marjolaine , Breville Gautier , Hofmeister Jérémy , Machi Paolo , Lalive Patrice H. , Rosi Andrea , Fitsiori Aikaterini , Vargas Maria Isabel , Assal Frederic , Allali Gilles , Lovblad Karl-Olof 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with several complications of the central nervous system (CNS), including acute encephalopathy.

Methods
In this pilot study, we report a series of 39 patients (66.5 ± 9.2 years; 10.3% female) with acute encephalopathy, who underwent a standard brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T during the acute symptomatic phase. In addition to diffusion-weighted imaging, MR angiography and susceptibility-weighted images, high-resolution vascular black blood sequences (in 34 cases) were used to investigate the vasculature of the brain.

Results
In 29 out of 34 patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy (85%) with high-resolution vessel wall imaging, we found a circular enhancement and thickening of the basilar and vertebral arteries, without any correlation with ischemia or microbleeds (reported in 21% and 59%, respectively).

Conclusion
We report a high prevalence of vascular changes suggestive of endotheliitis as reported in other organs. This could suggest an inflammatory mechanism underlying this encephalopathy.
Development of a quantification method for fouling deposits using phosphorescence
Authors: Deponte H. , Augustin W. , Scholl S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParticulate fouling on structured surfaces is typically quantified using the integral thermal or mass-based fouling resistance. The observed geometries may be structures that can improve the heat transfer in heat exchangers (e.g., dimples), cavities in components, or more complex geometries. However, due to limited accessibility or the requirement for a locally resolved measurement, the existing quantification methods may not be applicable to structured surfaces. For this reason, a new method is needed for the quantification for fouling deposits. In this study, dimpled surfaces were evaluated by measuring the integral thermal and mass-based fouling resistance and comparing it with the local fouling resistance inside and around the dimple. This comparison was carried out online with the Phosphorescent Fouling Quantification method developed for this purpose, using phosphorescent particles to quantify the deposited mass. The mass-based fouling resistance can be calculated using computer-aided image analysis. The measurements for the evaluation were conducted on dimpled surfaces, which produced a characteristic fouling pattern. With the new method a reduced surface coverage from up to 33.3 % was observed, which led to lower fouling resistances downstream of the dimple compared to a plain surface. These results confirm earlier numerical and experimental findings, suggesting an advantage of dimpled surfaces over other surface structures with respect to thermo-hydraulic efficiency as well as reduced fouling. Thus, the Phosphorescent Fouling Quantification method provides the possibility of calculating values for local fouling resistances on structured surfaces, as well as the possibility of optimizing surface structures to minimize fouling propensity.