bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Communication Partners Modify Their Speech When Conversing With Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lubold Nichola , Willi Megan M. , Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Berisha Visar 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
For individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), conversational interactions can be challenging. Efforts to improve the success of these interactions have largely fallen on the individual with PD. Successful communication, however, involves contributions from both the individual with PD and their communication partner. The current study examines whether healthy communication partners naturally engage in different acoustic–prosodic behavior (speech compensations) when conversing with an individual with PD and, further, whether such behavior aids communication success.

Method
Measures of articulatory precision, speaking rate, and pitch variability were extracted from the speech of healthy speakers engaged in goal-directed dialogue with other healthy speakers (healthy–healthy dyads) and with individuals with PD (healthy–PD dyads). Speech compensations, operationally defined as significant differences in healthy speakers' acoustic–prosodic behavior in healthy–healthy dyads versus healthy–PD dyads, were calculated for the three speech behaviors. Finally, the relationships between speech behaviors and an objective measure of communicative efficiency were examined.

Results
Healthy speakers engaged in speech characterized by greater articulatory precision and slower speaking rate when conversing with individuals with PD relative to conversations with other healthy individuals. However, these adaptive speech compensations were not predictive of communicative efficiency.

Conclusions
Evidence that healthy speakers naturally engage in speech compensations when conversing with individuals with PD is novel, yet consistent with findings from studies with other populations in which conversation can be challenging. In the case of PD, these compensatory behaviors did not support communication outcomes. While preliminary in nature, the results raise important questions regarding the speech behavior of healthy communication partners and provide directions for future work.
Diagnosing skin cancer via C‐means segmentation with enhanced fuzzy optimization
Authors: Durgarao Nagayalanka , Sudhavani Ghanta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe early detection of cancer decreases the death rate as well, but mostly the disorder symptoms are unpredictable. Numerous skin cancer detection techniques are available in the dice, yet the effectiveness remains unachieved. This paper aims to introduce a skin cancer detection technique that characterizes the nature of cancer: normal, benign or malignant. The proposed technique includes three stages like Segmentation, Feature Extraction, and Classification. Here, the Fuzzy C‐means Clustering (FCM) is used to segment the given input image. Then, the features are mined from the segmented image using Local Vector Pattern (LVP) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Subsequently, the Fuzzy classifier is used to do the classification process that gets the extracted features (LVP+LBP) as the input. The classifier outputs the nature of the image. As the primary contribution of this work, the limits of membership functions in the Fuzzy classifier are optimally selected by a new improved Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) termed as Distance Oriented ROA (DOROA). The performance of the proposed DOROA model is compared over other conventional models in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), F1‐score and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), False positive rate (FPR), False Negative Rate (FNR), and False Discovery Rate (FDR).
Arbitrary clutter extended target probability hypothesis density filter
Authors: Shen Xinglin , Zhang Luping , Hu Moufa , Xiao Shanzhu , Tao Huamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBased on the random finite set (RFS) framework and the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, the extended target PHD (ET‐PHD) filter is proposed for multiple extended target tracking. However, the clutter process in the ET‐PHD filter is modelled as Poisson RFS, which is reasonable for only some scenarios in reality. An easily implemented ET‐PHD filter for arbitrary clutter process, has not yet been studied. In this work, another form of the general PHD filter, suitable for arbitrary clutter and target measurement is derived using a probability generating functional (PGFL)‐based RFS framework. The proposed filter is equivalent to the general PHD filter proposed by Clark and Mahler, but it is easily implemented in an arbitrary clutter process because its clutter process is denoted by the probability density function . Then, an arbitrary clutter ET‐PHD (AC‐ET‐PHD) filter is simplified from the general PHD filter derived by us. To reduce the computational complexity of the proposed filter, a variant of the distance partitioning algorithm is put forward. Simulation results show that the AC‐ET‐PHD filter can be applied to the scenarios with the non‐Poisson clutter process, which means that it will be useful for multiple extended targets tracking in a more complicated clutter process.
Implementing the MULTI-VP coronal model in EUHFORIA: Test case results and comparisons with the WSA coronal model
Authors: Samara E. , Pinto R. F. , Magdalenić J. , Wijsen N. , Jerčić V. , Scolini C. , Jebaraj I. C. , Rodriguez L. , Poedts S. 
Published: April 2021

Context.In this study, we focus on improving EUHFORIA (European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset), a recently developed 3D magnetohydrodynamics space weather prediction tool. The EUHFORIA model consists of two parts covering two spatial domains: the solar corona and the inner heliosphere. For the first part, the semiempirical Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model is used by default; this model employs the potential field source surface and Schatten current sheet models to provide the necessary solar wind plasma and magnetic conditions above the solar surface, at 0.1 AU, which serve as boundary conditions for the inner heliospheric part. Herein, we present the first results of the implementation of an alternative coronal model in EUHFORIA, the so-called MULTI-VP model.Aims.After we replace the default EUHFORIA coronal setup with the MULTI-VP model, we compare their outputs both at 0.1 AU and 1 AU, for test cases involving high speed wind streams (HSSs). We select two distinct cases in which the standard EUHFORIA setup failed to reproduce the HSS plasma and magnetic signatures at Earth to test the performance of MULTI-VP coupled with EUHFORIA-heliosphere.Methods.To understand the quality of modeling with MULTI-VP in comparison with the default coronal model in EUHFORIA, we considered one HSS case during a period of low solar activity and another one during a period of high solar activity. Moreover, the modeling of the two HSSs was performed by employing magnetograms from different providers: one from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) and the second from theWilcoxSpace Observatory (WSO). This way, we were able to distinguish differences arising not only because of the different models but also because of different magnetograms.Results.The results indicate that when employing a GONG magnetogram, the combination MULTI-VP+EUHFORIA-heliosphere reproduces the majority of HSS plasma and magnetic signatures measured at L1. On the contrary, the standard WSA+EUHFORIA-heliosphere combination does not capture the arrival of the HSS cases at L1. When employing WSO magnetograms, MULTI-VP+EUHFORIA-heliosphere reproduces the HSS that occurred during the period of high solar activity. However, it is unclear if it models the HSS during the period of low solar activity. For the same magnetogram and periods of time, WSA+EUHFORIA-heliosphere is not able to capture the HSSs of interest.Conclusions.The results show that the accuracy of the simulation output at Earth depends on the choice of both the coronal model and input magnetogram. Nevertheless, a more extensive statistical analysis is necessary to determine how precisely these choices affect the quality of the solar wind predictions.
Simultaneous photometric and CARMENES spectroscopic monitoring of fast-rotating M dwarf GJ 3270
Authors: Johnson E. N. , Czesla S. , Fuhrmeister B. , Schöfer P. , Shan Y. , Cardona Guillén C. , Reiners A. , Jeffers S. V. , Lalitha S. , Luque R. , Rodríguez E. , Béjar V. J. S. , Caballero J. A. , Tal-Or L. , Zechmeister M. , Ribas I. , Amado P. J. , Quirrenbach A. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Fukui A. , López-González M. J. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Pallé E. , Parviainen H. , Pedraz S. , Pollacco D. , Sota A. 
Published: April 2021

Context.Active M dwarfs frequently exhibit large flares, which can pose an existential threat to the habitability of any planet in orbit in addition to making said planets more difficult to detect. M dwarfs do not lose angular momentum as easily as earlier-type stars, which maintain the high levels of stellar activity for far longer. Studying young, fast-rotating M dwarfs is key to understanding their near stellar environment and the evolution of activity.Aims.We study stellar activity on the fast-rotating M dwarf GJ 3270.Methods.We analyzed dedicated high cadence, simultaneous, photometric and high-resolution spectroscopic observations obtained with CARMENES of GJ 3270 over 7.7 h, covering a total of eight flares of which two are strong enough to facilitate a detailed analysis. We consult the TESS data, obtained in the month prior to our own observations, to study rotational modulation and to compare the TESS flares to those observed in our campaign.Results.The TESS data exhibit rotational modulation with a period of 0.37 d. The strongest flare covered by our observing campaign released a total energy of about 3.6 × 1032erg, putting it close to the superflare regime. This flare is visible in theB,V, r, i,andzphotometric bands, which allows us to determine a peak temperature of about 10 000 K. The flare also leaves clear marks in the spectral time series. In particular, we observe an evolving, mainly blue asymmetry in chromospheric lines, which we attribute to a post-flare, corotating feature. To our knowledge this is the first time such a feature has been seen on a star other than our Sun.Conclusions.Our photometric and spectroscopic time series covers the eruption of a strong flare followed up by a corotating feature analogous to a post-flare arcadal loop on the Sun with a possible failed ejection of material.
Aktueller Stellenwert und Perspektiven der Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie/Computertomografie (PET/CT) in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Blum Torsten Gerriet , Köcer Turna , Kollmeier Jens , Lips Carolin , Misch Daniel , Rafflenbeul Gesa , Pfannschmidt Joachim , Althoff Christian E. , Bauer Torsten T. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Übersichtsartikel stellt detailliert die derzeitigen Einsatzgebiete der Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie/Computertomografie (PET/CT) bei dem Management von Lungenkarzinom-Patient*innen dar. Hierbei werden Indikationen, Wertigkeit bei Dignitätsbeurteilung und Stadiierung sowie Nutzen, Limitationen und prognostische Relevanz dieses diagnostischen Hybridverfahrens beleuchtet.Darüber hinaus bietet diese Publikation einen Ausblick auf neue Radiotracer und mehrschichtige maschinelle Lernverfahren als konsequente Weiterentwicklungen der PET/CT, welche deren diagnostischen, prädiktiven und prognostischen Zusatznutzen zukünftig noch vergrößern wird.
Gewebebasierte Diagnostik des Lungenkarzinoms – Morphologie und molekulare Diagnostik
Authors: Mairinger Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie gewebebasierte Diagnostik des Lungenkarzinoms hat in der letzten Zeit mit der Einführung individualisierter Therapiemöglichkeiten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Basis der Diagnostik ist nach wie vor die lichtmikroskopische Beurteilung von histologischen Schnitten. Die Morphologie und das klinische Staging sind wegweisend für die weitere leitliniengerechten Therapie im Rahmen der sogenannten „individualisierten Therapie“ oder „Präzisionsmedizin“, bei der gezielt Veränderungen in intrazellulären Signalkaskaden therapeutisch beeinflusst werden.Neben dem Eingriff in diese Signalkaskaden ist ein weiterer therapeutischer Ansatz der Versuch, mittels der Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren tumorimmunologische Reaktionen des körpereigenen Immunsystems zu initiieren bzw. zu ermöglichen. Die Stratifizierung von für diese Therapie geeigneten Patientengruppen erfolgt über den gewebebasierten immunhistochemischen Nachweis der entsprechenden membranösen Rezeptorexpression auf Tumor- oder Immunzellen.Aus pathohistologischer Sicht spielen prädiktiv-diagnostisch sowohl Überexpression von Rezeptoren, als auch andere genetische und epigenetische Veränderungen (z. B. Inversionen, Translokationen, Methylierung etc.) in den Tumorzellen eine richtungsweisende Rolle.
Interprofessionelle Kooperation in nuklearmedizinischen Studien
Authors: Zippel Claus , Giesel Frederik L. , Kopka Klaus 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungUm neue Erkenntnisse in für Patienten nützliche Behandlungsansätze überführen zu können, werden in der nuklearmedizinischen Forschung und Entwicklung zunehmend klinische Studien initiiert. Damit diese Studien möglichst effizient und effektiv durchgeführt werden können, bedarf es der engen Kooperation und Kommunikation von Experten aus verschiedenen Berufsgruppen. In diesem Aufsatz beleuchten wir am Beispiel der prospektiv-multizentrischen DKTK-PSMA-Studie der Phasen-I/-II „[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in Hochrisiko-Prostatakrebs“, welche wesentlichen Professionen bei der Planung, Vorbereitung und Durchführung von nuklearmedizinischen Studien in Klinik bzw. Forschungseinrichtung involviert sein können und welche essenziellen Aufgaben diese zur Verwirklichung der Studie leisten. Darauf aufbauend führen wir allgemeine organisatorische Maßnahmen an, durch welche die interprofessionelle Kooperation und Kommunikation bei künftig weiteren Studien gefördert werden kann.
A Systematic Review of Anticoagulation Strategies for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Critical Care
Authors: Nelson Alexandra Jayne , Johnston Brian W. , Waite Alicia Achiaa Charlotte , Lemma Gedeon , Welters Ingeborg Dorothea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in critically ill patients. There is a paucity of data assessing the impact of anticoagulation strategies on clinical outcomes for general critical care patients with AF. Our aim was to assess the existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of anticoagulation strategies used in critical care for AF.
Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PubMed databases. Studies reporting anticoagulation strategies for AF in adults admitted to a general critical care setting were assessed for inclusion.
Results Four studies were selected for data extraction. A total of 44,087 patients were identified with AF, of which 17.8 to 49.4% received anticoagulation. The reported incidence of thromboembolic events was 0 to 1.4% for anticoagulated patients, and 0 to 1.3% in nonanticoagulated patients. Major bleeding events were reported in three studies and occurred in 7.2 to 8.6% of the anticoagulated patients and in up to 7.1% of the nonanticoagulated patients.
Conclusion There was an increased incidence of major bleeding events in anticoagulated patients with AF in critical care compared with nonanticoagulated patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of reported thromboembolic events within studies between patients who did and did not receive anticoagulation. However, the outcomes reported within studies were not standardized, therefore, the generalizability of our results to the general critical care population remains unclear. Further data are required to facilitate an evidence-based assessment of the risks and benefits of anticoagulation for critically ill patients with AF.
Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Aphanorphine
Authors: Guan Yukun , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA concise total synthesis of (+)-aphanorphine is described. The key features of the strategy include a Pd-catalyzed intermolecular trimethylenemethane [3+2]-cycloaddition to form ring C and a Co-catalyzed radical cyclization through a hydrogen-atom transfer to close ring B. The synthesis was completed in six steps.
Spheno-Orbital Meningioma with Cavernous Sinus Extension
Authors: de Carvalho Rodolfo Figueiredo , de Morais Artur Nóbrega Lima , Olijnyk Leonardo Desessards , Abrao Adriana Azeredo Coutinho , Zanatta Claudia , da Silva Carlos Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a 37-year-old female, with progressive left eye proptosis and an extensive ipsilateral en plaque spheno-orbital meningioma, with diffuse involvement of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and the orbit.A cranio-orbital zygomatic approach was performed to reach all extension of the lesion. We made an extradural clinoidectomy and an extensive bone removal of the orbit, exposition of the superior and lateral walls of the cavernous sinus, unroofing of the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, and foramen ovale. We performed the peeling of the lateral wall of cavernous sinus with total removal and preservation of the cranial nerves anatomy and function.In this video, we illustrate the importance of the first time aggressive removal of such tumors. We also demonstrate the concept that secondary invasion of the cavernous sinus are suitable for removal with cranial nerve preservation.The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/GJmkqVa6jSs.
Design and characterization of a velocity-map imaging apparatus for low-energy photo-ion spectroscopy using magneto-optically trapped atoms
Authors: Fang Feng , Zhou Wenchang , Li Yufan , Qian Dongbin , Luo Changjie , Zhao Dongmei , Ma Xinwen , Yang Jie 
Published: April 2021

We present a velocity-map imaging (VMI) apparatus coupled with a magneto-optical trap (MOT) of 87Rb atoms designed for low-energy photo-ion spectroscopy. The VMI-electrode geometry uses a three-electrode configuration, and the focusing electric field is optimized based on systematic simulations of relatively low-energy ions. To calibrate the apparatus, we use resonant two-color two-photon ionization of rubidium atoms as Doppler-selected ions. This VMI system provides an accuracy of 0.15 m/s and a resolution of 7.5 m/s for photoions with speeds below 100 m/s. Finally, details of the design, construction, and testing of the VMI–MOT system are presented.
Barley stripe mosaic virus (stripe mosaic of barley).
Authors: Jezewska Malgorzata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In the USA, BSMV has been economically significant only in Montana and North Dakota (Carroll, 1983). Between 1953 and 1970 the total loss in barley caused by this virus was calculated at more than US$ 30 million. In 1964 the virus caused damage estimated at over US$ 3.1 million (Carroll, 1980). Yield reductions in barley were 24-46% when BSMV was inoculated mechanically (Chiko and Barker, 1978; Carroll, 1980). In most states of the USA and also in most other countries where it occurs, the economic significance of BSMV has decreased (Carroll, 1983). For further information, see Carroll (1986). The impact of mild strains of BSMV on barley yield is substantially lower (Jezewska, 2006).
Investigation and suppression of asymmetric modes competition in Cerenkov device by conductivity anisotropic material loading
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Cao Yibing , Wu Ping , Song Zhimin , Tan Nongchao , Sun Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Efficient and stable operation of Cerenkov devices relies on effective mode control, which means efficient generation of the operation mode and effective suppression of the competition modes. This paper explores the feasibility of suppressing asymmetric modes by loading a conductivity anisotropic material in Cerenkov devices. We theoretically study the dispersion characteristics of a slow-wave structure (SWS) loaded with a conductivity anisotropic material. The theoretical analyses indicate that asymmetric modes such as the HE11 mode have a low net temporal growth rate in a SWS coaxially loaded with the anisotropic material, of which the azimuthal conductivity is in the transition region from good to poor conductor. Accordingly, an anisotropic material with suitable azimuthal conductivity effectively suppresses asymmetric mode competition while maintaining the original characteristics of the symmetric TM modes. Furthermore, we numerically investigate the effectiveness of asymmetric mode suppression by anisotropic material loading using a 3D particle-in-cell CHIPIC code. A coaxially loaded conductivity anisotropic material effectively suppresses the asymmetric HE11 mode in a Ku-band Cerenkov device, and a pure quasi-TEM mode is obtained in the output waveguide. The output power of the generator is 2.9 GW, and the efficiency is 44%. This study provides a feasible method to eliminate asymmetric modes in Cerenkov devices, which may lead to a wide range of applications.
L-shaped electrode design for high-density spin–orbit torque magnetic random access memory with perpendicular shape anisotropy
Authors: Chi Kequn , Shi Yinuo , Li Zhou , Zhang Wenbiao , Xing Yun , Feng Xiang , Ma Yungui , Meng Hao , Liu Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magnetic tunneling junctions with strong perpendicular shape anisotropy attract attention due to their high-density magnetic random access memory. As thermal stability increases, the power consumption also increases. To solve this problem, devices are made to be driven by spin–orbit torque (SOT) instead of spin-transfer torque. However, the assisting field needed for deterministic switching is a major obstacle for SOT devices. In this work, we demonstrate an L-shaped electrode structure attached to the magnetic recording layer to induce a composite SOT, achieving high-speed and field-free magnetization switching. Meanwhile, a comparative study between L-shaped and sidewall electrode structure demonstrates that the L-shaped structure leads to fast and low-power switching. Finally, the switching characteristic at various current densities and spin Hall angles is studied and it turns out that to achieve high-speed reversal, the current density and the spin Hall angle need to be optimized, which might be attributed to strong in-plane effective field component disturbance. The novel L-shaped structure is feasible for high-speed, low-power and deterministic switching and has great potential in spintronic applications.
Enhanced crystallization of solution-processed perovskite using urea as an additive for large-grain MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wen Xiaoning , Cai Qingbing , Shen Guibin , Xu Xiangning , Dong Pei , Du Yaxin , Dong Hongye , Mu Cheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Perovskite crystal quality plays an important role in perovskite solar cells, given that multiple grain boundaries and trap states in the perovskite films hamper further enhancement of solar cell efficiency. Using the solution method to prepare perovskite films with large grains and high coverage requires further improvements. Herein, we introduce Lewis base urea as an additive into the precursor of perovskite to control the crystallization dynamics, allowing for large-grain crystal growth. As a result, MAPbI3 films with urea as an additive are well crystallized with large crystal grains of sizes >3 μm. The large-grain perovskite is found to simultaneously improve the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability. With an optimal urea additive of 20 mol%, the PCE is significantly increased from 15.47% for the reference MAPbI3 solar cell to 18.53% for the device with MAPbI3 with urea as an additive. Finally, the optimized device demonstrates excellent stability and maintains 80% of the initial PCE after 60 days.