bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contour prognostic model for predicting survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases: development and multicentre validation study using largest diameter and number of metastases with RAS mutation status
Authors: Kawaguchi Y , Kopetz S , Tran Cao H S , Panettieri E , De Bellis M , Nishioka Y , Hwang H , Wang X , Tzeng C -W D , Chun Y S , Aloia T A , Hasegawa K , Guglielmi A , Giuliante F , Vauthey J -N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Most current models for predicting survival after resection of colorectal liver metastasis include largest diameter and number of colorectal liver metastases as dichotomous variables, resulting in underestimation of the extent of risk variation and substantial loss of statistical power. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new prognostic model for patients undergoing liver resection including largest diameter and number of colorectal liver metastases as continuous variables.

Methods
A prognostic model was developed using data from patients who underwent liver resection for colorectal liver metastases at MD Anderson Cancer Center and had RAS mutational data. A Cox proportional hazards model analysis was used to develop a model based on largest colorectal liver metastasis diameter and number of metastases as continuous variables. The model results were shown using contour plots, and validated externally in an international multi-institutional cohort.

Results
A total of 810 patients met the inclusion criteria. Largest colorectal liver metastasis diameter (hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.06 to 1.16; P &lt; 0.001), number of colorectal liver metastases (HR 1.06, 1.03 to 1.09; P &lt; 0.001), and RAS mutation status (HR 1.76, 1.42 to 2.18; P &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with overall survival, together with age, primary lymph node metastasis, and prehepatectomy chemotherapy. The model performed well in the external validation cohort, with predicted overall survival values almost lying within 10 per cent of observed values. Wild-type RAS was associated with better overall survival than RAS mutation even when liver resection was performed for larger and/or multiple colorectal liver metastases.

Conclusion
The contour prognostic model, based on diameter and number of lesions considered as continuous variables along with RAS mutation, predicts overall survival after resection of colorectal liver metastasis.
Classification of the colonic splenic flexure based on three-dimensional CT analysis
Authors: Kawai K , Nozawa H , Hata K , Tanaka T , Nishikawa T , Sasaki K , Ishihara S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Mobilization of the splenic flexure can be a challenging surgical step in colorectal surgery. This study aimed to classify the splenic flexure based on the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the splenic hilum and left renal hilum. This classification was used to compare splenic flexure mobilization during colorectal resection.

Methods
CT images of patients with colorectal cancer treated between April 2018 and December 2019 were analysed retrospectively. 3D mutual positioning of the splenic flexure from the ligament of Treitz to the splenic hilum or the left renal hilum was used to classify patients into three groups using cluster analysis. The difference in the procedure time between groups was also analysed in a subset of patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy with complete splenic flexure mobilization.

Results
Of 515 patients reviewed, 319 with colorectal cancers were included in the study and categorized based on the 3D coordinates of the splenic hilum and left renal hilum as caudal (100 patients), cranial (118) and lateral (101) positions. Male sex (P &lt; 0.001), older age (P = 0.004) and increased bodyweight (P = 0.043) were independent characteristics of the lateral group in multiple logistic regression analysis. Thirty-four patients underwent complete splenic flexure mobilization during the study period; this took significantly longer (mean 78.7 min) in the lateral group than in the caudal and cranial groups (41.8 and 43.2 min respectively; P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Locating the splenic flexure using 3D coordinates could be helpful in predicting a longer duration for mobilization of the splenic flexure.
Utility of remnant liver volume for predicting posthepatectomy liver failure after hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection
Authors: Yamamoto R , Sugiura T , Okamura Y , Ito T , Yamamoto Y , Ashida R , Ohgi K , Otsuka S , Uesaka K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection is associated with a high risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). However, the utility of the remnant liver volume (RLV) in cholangiocarcinoma has not been studied intensively.

Methods
Patients who underwent major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection between 2002 and 2018 were reviewed. The RLV was divided by body surface area (BSA) to normalize individual physical differences. Risk factors for clinically relevant PHLF were evaluated with special reference to the RLV/BSA.

Results
A total of 289 patients were included. The optimal cut-off value for RLV/BSA was determined to be 300 ml/m2. Thirty-two patients (11.1 per cent) developed PHLF. PHLF was more frequent in patients with an RLV/BSA below 300 ml/m2 than in those with a value of 300 ml/m2 or greater: 19 of 87 (22 per cent) versus 13 of 202 (6.4 per cent) (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, RLV/BSA below 300 ml/m2 (P = 0.013), future liver remnant plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green less than 0.075 (P = 0.031), and serum albumin level below 3.5 g/dl (P = 0.015) were identified as independent risk factors for PHLF. Based on these risk factors, patients were classified into three subgroups with low (no factors), moderate (1–2 factors), and high (3 factors) risk of PHLF, with PHLF rates of 1.8, 14.8 and 63 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
An RLV/BSA of 300 ml/m2 is a simple predictor of PHLF in patients undergoing hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection.
Postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and oncological outcomes of rectal cancer
Authors: Grahn O , Lundin M , Lydrup M-L , Angenete E , Rutegård M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to suppress the inflammatory response after surgery and are often used for pain control. This study aimed to investigate NSAID use after radical surgical resection for rectal cancer and long-term oncological outcomes.

Methods
A cohort of patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer between 2007 and 2013 in 15 hospitals in Sweden was investigated retrospectively. Data were obtained from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and medical records; follow-up was undertaken until July 2019. Patients who received NSAID treatment for at least 2 days after surgery were compared with controls who did not, and the primary outcome was recurrence-free survival. Cox regression modelling with confounder adjustment, propensity score matching, and an instrumental variables approach were used; missing data were handled by multiple imputation.

Results
The cohort included 1341 patients, 362 (27.0 per cent) of whom received NSAIDs after operation. In analyses using conventional regression and propensity score matching, there was no significant association between postoperative NSAID use and recurrence-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.02, 0.79 to 1.33). The instrumental variables approach, including individual hospital as the instrumental variable and clinicopathological variables as co-variables, suggested a potential improvement in the NSAID group (HR 0.61, 0.38 to 0.99).

Conclusion
Conventional modelling did not demonstrate an association between postoperative NSAID use and recurrence-free survival in patients with rectal cancer, although an instrumental variables approach suggested a potential benefit.
Increased Risk of High-grade Cervical Neoplasia in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Goetgebuer R L , Kreijne J E , Aitken C A , Dijkstra G , Hoentjen F , de Boer N K , Oldenburg B , van der Meulen A E , Ponsioen C I J , Pierik M J , van Kemenade F J , de Kok I M C M , Siebers A G , Manniën J , van der Woude C J , de Vries A C 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsWomen with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] may be at higher risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]. However, data are conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer [CIN2+] in IBD women and identify risk factors.MethodsClinical data from adult IBD women in a multicentre Dutch IBD prospective cohort [PSI] from 2007 onwards were linked to cervical cytology and histology records from the Dutch nationwide cytology and pathology database [PALGA], from 2000 to 2016. Patients were frequency-matched 1:4 to a general population cohort. Standardised detection rates [SDR] were calculated for CIN2+. Longitudinal data were assessed to calculate CIN2+ risk during follow-up using incidence rate ratios [IRR] and risk factors were identified in multivariable analysis.ResultsCervical records were available from 2098 IBD women [77%] and 8379 in the matched cohort; median follow-up was 13 years. CIN2+ detection rate was higher in the IBD cohort than in the matched cohort (SDR 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.52). Women with IBD had an increased risk of CIN2+ [IRR 1.66, 95% CI 1.21–2.25] and persistent or recurrent CIN during follow-up (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.06–3.38). Risk factors for CIN2+ in IBD women were smoking and disease location (ileocolonic [L3] or upper gastrointestinal [GI] [L4]). CIN2+ risk was not associated with exposure to immunosuppressants.ConclusionsWomen with IBD are at increased risk for CIN2+ lesions. These results underline the importance of human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination and adherence to cervical cancer screening guidelines in IBD women, regardless of exposure to immunosuppressants.
Migration of a new generation implantable loop recorder: a case report
Authors: Rahkovich Michael , Laish-Farkash Avishag 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are widely used in patients with syncope, palpitations, or cryptogenic stroke. Implantable loop recorder implantation is considered a minimally invasive, low-risk procedure, however, rare complications can occur, including device migration.

Case summary
A 65-year-old woman underwent implantation of the new generation Biotronik ILR—BioMonitor 3—at a typical, standard location as part of recurrent syncope workup. The procedure was unremarkable, without acute complications. The remote communication with the device was lost 1 week later. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography confirmed device migration into the left postero-inferior part of the pleural cavity. We were able to establish direct device communication from the patients' dorsum (back). The device was retrieved with forceps during thoracoscopy without further complications.

Discussion
There are few published cases of ILR migration into the pleural cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of subpleural penetration of the new generation of Biotronik ILR (BioMonitor 3) which is small in size and has a sharp antenna. We assume that the ILR migrated about a week post-implantation. We suggest that the subcutaneous implantation be done with a minimal penetration angle and parallel to the sternum with close follow-up after the procedure.
Cardiac and cardiometabolic phenotyping of trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity: a secondary analysis of the MANTICORE trial
Authors: Kirkham Amy A , Pituskin Edith , Thompson Richard B , Mackey John R , Koshman Sheri L , Jassal Davinder , Pitz Marshall , Haykowsky Mark J , Pagano Joseph J , Chow Kelvin , Tsui Albert K , Ezekowitz Justin A , Oudit Gavin Y , Paterson D Ian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of trastuzumab-mediated cardiotoxicity is required to improve outcomes of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. We aimed to characterize the cardiac and cardiometabolic phenotype of trastuzumab-mediated toxicity and potential interactions with cardiac pharmacotherapy.

Methods and results
This study was an analysis of serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and circulating biomarker data acquired from patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer participating in a randomized-controlled clinical trial for the pharmaco-prevention of trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity. Circulating biomarkers (B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I, MMP-2 and -9, GDF-15, neuregulin-1, and IGF-1) and MRI of cardiac structure and function and abdominal fat distribution were acquired prior to trastuzumab, post-cycle 4 and post-cycle 17. Ninety-four participants (51 ± 8 years) completed the study with 30 on placebo, 33 on perindopril, and 31 on bisoprolol. Post-cycle 4, global longitudinal strain deteriorated from baseline in both placebo (+2.0 ± 2.7%, P = 0.002) and perindopril (+0.9 ± 2.5%, P = 0.04), but not with bisoprolol (−0.2 ± 2.1%, P = 0.55). In all groups combined, extracellular volume fraction and GDF-15 increased post-cycle 4 (+1.3 ± 4.4%, P = 0.004; +130 ± 150%, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). However, no significant change in troponin I was detected throughout trastuzumab. In all groups combined, visceral and intermuscular fat volume increased post-cycle 4 (+7 ± 17%, P = 0.02, +8 ± 23%, P = 0.02, respectively), while muscle volume and IGF-1 decreased from post-cycle 4 to 17 (−2 ± 10%, P = 0.008, -18 ± 28%, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Trastuzumab results in impaired cardiac function and early myocardial inflammation. Trastuzumab is also associated with deleterious changes to the cardiometabolic phenotype which may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in this population.
Differences in characteristics, treatments and outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: novel insights from four national European continuous real-world registries
Authors: Edfors Robert , Jernberg Tomas , Lewinter Christian , Blöndal Mai , Eha Jaan , Lõiveke Piret , Marandi Toomas , Ainla Tiia , Saar Aet , Veldre Gudrun , Ferenci Tamas , Andréka Péter , Jánosi András , Jortveit Jarle , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Aims
To study baseline characteristics, in-hospital managements and mortality of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients in different European countries.

Methods and results
NSTEMI patients enrolled in the national myocardial infarction (MI) registries [EMIR; n = 5817 (Estonia), HUMIR; n = 30 787 (Hungary), NORMI; n = 33 054 (Norway), and SWEDEHEART; n = 49 533 (Sweden)] from 2014 to 2017 were included and presented as aggregated data. The median age at admission ranged from 70 to 75 years. Current smoking status was numerically higher in Norway (24%), Estonia (22%), and Hungary (19%), as compared to Sweden (17%). Patients in Hungary had a high rate of diabetes mellitus (37%) and hypertension (84%). The proportion of performed coronary angiographies (58% vs. 75%) and percutaneous coronary interventions (38% vs. 56%), differed most between Norway and Hungary. Prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy at hospital discharge ranged from 60% (Estonia) to 81% (Hungary). In-hospital death ranged from 3.5% (Sweden) to 9% (Estonia). The crude mortality rate at 1 month was 12% in Norway and 5% in Sweden (5%), whereas the 1-year mortality rates were similar (20–23%) in Hungary, Estonia, and Norway and 15% in Sweden.

Conclusion
Cross-comparisons of four national European MI registries provide important data on differences in risk factors and treatment regiments that may explain some of the observed differences in death rates. A unified European continuous MI registry could be an option to better understand how implementation of guideline-recommended therapy can be used to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Crop type exerts greater influence upon rhizosphere phosphohydrolase gene abundance and phylogenetic diversity than phosphorus fertilization
Authors: L. Neal Andrew , McLaren Timothy , Lourenço Campolino Mariana , Hughes David , Marcos Coelho Antônio , Gomes de Paula Lana Ubiraci , Aparecida Gomes Eliane , Morais de Sousa Sylvia 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Rock phosphate is an alternative form of phosphorus (P) fertilizer; however, there is no information regarding the influence of P fertilizer sources in Brazilian Cerrado soils upon microbial genes coding for phosphohydrolase enzymes in crop rhizospheres. Here, we analyze a field experiment comparing maize and sorghum grown under different P fertilization (rock phosphate and triple superphosphate) upon crop performance, phosphatase activity and rhizosphere microbiomes at three levels of diversity: small subunit rRNA marker genes of bacteria, archaea and fungi; a suite of alkaline and acid phosphatase and phytase genes; and ecotypes of individual genes. We found no significant difference in crop performance between the fertilizer sources, but the accumulation of fertilizer P into pools of organic soil P differed. Phosphatase activity was the only biological parameter influenced by P fertilization. Differences in rhizosphere microbiomes were observed at all levels of biodiversity due to crop type, but not fertilization. Inspection of phosphohydrolase gene ecotypes responsible for differences between the crops suggests a role for lateral genetic transfer in establishing ecotype distributions. Moreover, they were not reflected in microbial community composition, suggesting that they confer competitive advantage to individual cells rather than species in the sorghum rhizosphere.
Twelve years of SAMtools and BCFtools
Authors: Danecek Petr , Bonfield James K , Liddle Jennifer , Marshall John , Ohan Valeriu , Pollard Martin O , Whitwham Andrew , Keane Thomas , McCarthy Shane A , Davies Robert M , Li Heng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
SAMtools and BCFtools are widely used programs for processing and analysing high-throughput sequencing data. They include tools for file format conversion and manipulation, sorting, querying, statistics, variant calling, and effect analysis amongst other methods.

Findings
The first version appeared online 12 years ago and has been maintained and further developed ever since, with many new features and improvements added over the years. The SAMtools and BCFtools packages represent a unique collection of tools that have been used in numerous other software projects and countless genomic pipelines.

Conclusion
Both SAMtools and BCFtools are freely available on GitHub under the permissive MIT licence, free for both non-commercial and commercial use. Both packages have been installed &gt;1 million times via Bioconda. The source code and documentation are available from https://www.htslib.org.
‘Necessity’ due to COVID-19 as a Defence to International Investment Claims
Authors: Katsikis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sovereign States have had to take drastic measures to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including measures severely restricting the operation of businesses in their territory. In addition, and because of, the public health crisis, States will be forced to take a series of measures to stimulate their economies. These measures are likely to affect investments that benefit from international investment protection, leading these investors to contemplate initiating arbitration proceedings against the host State.
This article examines whether, when faced with such claims, host States will be able to resort to the doctrine of necessity under customary international law to defend the measures that they have taken. In doing so, it draws on the application of the doctrine of necessity in international investment arbitration so far, including its application to disputes arising out of the Argentine financial crisis. The article proposes a more analytical approach to the doctrine of necessity in customary international law, which will be vital if the doctrine is to remain relevant as a measure of last resort to which States can turn when faced with a crisis.
Beyond the Lexical Sense of Online Reviews: The Role of Emoticons and Consumer Experience
Authors: Manganari Emmanouela E , Mourelatos Evangelos , Dimara Efthalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study focuses on the effect of emoticon use in online consumer reviews (OCRs) on consumers’ booking intention and the moderating effect of consumer personal characteristics. Consumers’ prior experience and their reliance on OCRs are embedded in the research model. A 2 × 2 (review valence * emoticon use) experimental study is designed, and an econometric model is used. Results show that the interaction between review valence and emoticons affect booking intention. Consumers with no prior experience are mainly affected by the cognitive aspects of their experience (i.e. review credibility and attitude toward the review) while experienced consumers are affected by the experiential aspects of booking process (i.e. entertainment, satisfaction and social influence). Consumers that rely on OCRs are affected by emoticons while consumers without review reliance are affected by emoticons only in the case of positive reviews. The personalization of websites and the provision of a focused list of emoticons can be adopted by managers to enhance OCRs effectiveness and the online shopping experience as a whole.
Spectrum of Germline Mutations Within Fanconi Anemia–Associated Genes Across Populations of Varying Ancestry
Authors: Chan Sock Hoai , Ni Ying , Li Shao-Tzu , Teo Jing Xian , Ishak Nur Diana Binte , Lim Weng Khong , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder associated with hematological disorders and solid tumor predisposition. Owing to phenotypic heterogeneity, some patients remain undetected until adulthood, usually following cancer diagnoses. The uneven prevalence of FA cases with different underlying FA gene mutations worldwide suggests variable genetic distribution across populations. Here, we aim to assess the genetic spectrum of FA-associated genes across populations of varying ancestries and explore potential genotype–phenotype associations in cancer.MethodsCarrier frequency and variant spectrum of potentially pathogenic germline variants in 17 FA genes (excluding BRCA1/FANCS, BRCA2/FANCD1, BRIP1/FANCJ, PALB2/FANCN, RAD51C/FANCO) were evaluated in 3523 Singaporeans and 7 populations encompassing Asian, European, African, and admixed ancestries from the Genome Aggregation Database. Germline and somatic variants of 17 FA genes in 7 cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas were assessed to explore genotype–phenotype associations.ResultsGermline variants in FANCA were consistently more frequent in all populations. Similar trends in carrier frequency and variant spectrum were detected in Singaporeans and East Asians, both distinct from other ancestry groups, particularly in the lack of recurrent variants. Our exploration of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset suggested higher germline and somatic mutation burden between FANCA and FANCC with head and neck and lung squamous cell carcinomas as well as FANCI and SLX4/FANCP with uterine cancer, but the analysis was insufficiently powered to detect any statistical significance.ConclusionOur findings highlight the diverse genetic spectrum of FA-associated genes across populations of varying ancestries, emphasizing the need to include all known FA-related genes for accurate molecular diagnosis of FA.