bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Restrictions: Life at College
Authors: Shaker Dana , Matteson Emily 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis ethnographic study seeks to understand the quality of life for residential undergraduate college students in the United States who restrict their diets either by choice or medical necessity. Since all kinds of dietary restrictions present similar lifestyle challenges not experienced by non‐dietary‐restricted residential college students, we define dietary restrictions broadly. A review of the existing research literature on dietary restrictions reveals that most studies are biomedical, focusing on clinical, cognitive, and psychological aspects of dietary restrictions. Few studies explore college students exclusively as a population, and even fewer consider how the social and material conditions of a college environment affect the lived experiences of dietary‐restricted students. This ethnography remedies the absence of qualitative and ethnographic research with a study of twenty‐nine individuals, most of whom are students who restrict their diets, across five undergraduate private college campuses over a fifteen‐week period in the spring of 2012. Our results add a new dimension to the biomedical research, which has tended to locate the “problem” of dietary restrictions within the dietaryrestricted. Contrary to the existing literature, we argue that such problems are sociocultural and institutional rather than pathological and individual. Our data illustrate that the quality of dietary‐restricted living improves when dietary‐restricted students advocate for and institutions respond to material, systemic solutions that allow the dietary‐restricted population to eat safely, socially, and quickly in a college environment, just like their non‐dietary‐restricted peers.
Occupy Wall Street: A Hybrid Counterpublic
Authors: Subramani Shreya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, I explore the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) Movement in New York City as a hybrid counterpublic. I conducted research on OWS during its encampment at Liberty Plaza from September‐November 2011 to understand its membership, emergence, and growth. I describe OWS as a hybrid counterpublic mediated by discourse that is both physically, through the use of bodily performance, and virtually, through social media channels online, circulated. These discursive forms embody the ideological principles of decentralization of power, collective participation, and individual agency. OWS created innovative spaces, practices, and temporalities to extend the existing social architecture and modes of communication, effecting democratic deliberation through affective performance. The hybridity of this constructed social space has allowed for novel sensorial experiences that expand and reinforce engagement with the OWS counterpublic. I propose that OWS has allowed for significant social actors to emerge and become publicly salient while subverting hegemonic institutions of the state and dominant civil society through the redefinition of citizenship. Since the eviction of the Liberty Plaza encampment, OWS in New York City has lost some traction. This signifies the integral symbiosis between the virtual and physical discursive realms of the movement's existence and sustainability. Furthermore, this analysis of the OWS movement demonstrates the cultural emergence of a new hybrid counterpublic that mediates the way Americans engage with politics, dissent, and everyday life.
Representing Simultaneity in Polychannel Linguistic Events: A Multitrack Method for Transcription
Authors: Noah C.G. Johnson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the advances in audio and video recording that have been made in the last century and the implications of the more recent advent of the internet and other information sharing systems, the study of linguistic anthropology requires us from time to time to present reproductions of recorded linguistic events in a textual format — a transcript. In addition, transcripts can also prove invaluable during analysis, making clear what we miss in the auditory or visual reproductions of a recording device. And yet, the transcript is not a neutral tool but, like a lens, it has the ability to distort everything that is seen through its paradigm. A discourse‐centered approach to the study of language advocates that we seek to investigate linguistic events that occur in natural, dynamic and often messy situations. Unfortunately, our transcription methods, though now greatly bolstered by sophisticated technology, still lack methodological robustness when applied to polychannel interactions — or conversations involving multiple speakers — which are often typified by interruptions or overlapping. In this article, a method of transcription that relies upon the same organizing logic as multitrack recording is proposed, the process by which this method was developed is explained and additional directions for future research are suggested.
Methodological Biases in Zooarchaeology and the Interpretation of Human Activity from the Faunal Record
Authors: Rebecca Torgerson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZooarchaeology is a growing multidisciplinary field, which can answer questions about the relationship of humans and other animals and its effects on the environment. There are significant advantages to studying faunal data over other types of assemblages. First, bones allow for a culture‐free taxonomy where there is little question of use. Second, faunal data from the past can be matched to species that still exist in the modern day. The latter especially, allows for the use of middle range theory or the ability to create a controlled experiment with living systems based on general principles. The biases in the methods of zooarchaeology can affect interpretation of human activity, therefore taphonomy, recovery, identification, and choice of quantification methods should be taken into account. Each of these methods should be standardized and tailored to a specific research question. Also I believe with the help of ethnoarchaeology we can increase awareness and even reduce some of the biases in zooarchaeology.
Disciplining Language and the Language of Discipline: A Case Study on Linguistic Methods for Classroom Management from an English‐Medium School in India
Authors: Chandras Jessica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the linguistic methods used for classroom management in an English‐medium school in Maharashtra, India. This study is based on data collected through participant observation conducted in third and fourth grade classrooms in 2014. It documents how interactions between teachers and students serve to maintain the language of instruction (English) in a context where instructional language differs from students’ and teachers’ first languages (Marathi). I demonstrate that teachers use linguistic methods to convey meaning in English while also disciplining and socializing students into academic language norms. These methods include code switching, or alternating between languages, and discourse markers, which are phrases that take on significance based on their context in utterances. Findings indicate that code switching from Marathi to English marks not only linguistic, but also behavioral transgressions. I argue that code switching, among other strategies, concretizes the delineation of English as an academic language and Marathi as a subversive language in the classroom. This analysis contributes a unique ethnographic perspective to debates in linguistic anthropology and the anthropology of education regarding how broader societal expectations in relation to students’ language and behavior are defined through language use in classrooms.
Prolonging Disaster (Un)recovery: “Culturally‐Irrelevant” Fish Consumption Advisories in the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community
Authors: Gagnon Valoree S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe United States responded to the 1971 international mercury crisis by establishing fish consumption advisories, which were intended to warn the American public of temporary mercury contamination in fish. However, advisories remain implemented as public health protection measures in all fifty states. This perpetual reliance on advisories is prolonging disaster recovery, or more precisely, ensuring a continuous state of what I term “disaster (un)recovery.” Modified approaches create “eat safe fish” guidance for fishers, producing “culturally‐relevant” recommendations. This means advisories offer a number of “healthy” choices that correspond to specific bodies of water and fish species favored by varying target populations. This article explores fish advisory policy in the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (KBIC), a federally‐recognized Indian tribe that retains treaty‐established homelands and harvesting rights in the Lake Superior region. By using ethnographic and oral history methods, I examined fish harvest practices in an effort to create culturally‐relevant fish advisory recommendations for the community. However, my analysis reveals the cultural irrelevance of advisories as health protection measures for the KBIC. Examining cultural considerations within KBIC harvesting and in the development of fish advisories illustrates how the notion of “culture” actually leads to increased toxic exposure. The KBIC rely on fish for social and spiritual wellbeing, which simultaneously places their physical health at great risk. I argue that advisory policy as public health protection is primarily a social justice issue, and conclude by identifying pathways for culturally‐specific recovery.
“Look North”: Conspiracy and the Sojazacíon of Argentina
Authors: Smith Geneva 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe scientific community now overwhelmingly agrees that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are safe. Yet vigorous public debate continues worldwide about the entry of GMOs into the environment and food chain. Unique to the Argentine context, however, is that expert and civic debates about GM soy have more to do the redistribution of export profits than with potential environmental or health risks. In this essay, I examine Argentina's GMO expert regulatory bodies and recent conspiracy theories as spaces where I would expect concerns to be voiced about the “dark side of the soy boom” (Lapegna 2013)—but are not. I argue that conspiracy theory involving GM soy's economic prospects reveal both a pervasive unease about the industry, and that GM soy more closely indexes economic anxieties than environmental or health concerns. I explore the production and circulation of knowledge about GM soy that led to its role in economic sovereignty. I develop the idea that conspiracy centers on Argentines' deepest concerns and ask whether the GM soy industry is seen more as an obstacle to redistributive politics than as a threat to the health of the Argentine population.
Economic Challenges for Atlanta's Small Farmers: Creating a Financially Sustainable Local Food Supply
Authors: Morrill Valerie , King Hilary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent decades have led to increased interest in geographically localized food production and consumption systems as a means of supplying healthy food and strengthening local economies. A major pillar of this economic-strengthening is the idea that more direct markets support the development of viable, small-scale farm businesses. However, literature has increasingly shown that even direct sales may prove challenging as an avenue to economic viability for small-scale farmers. This paper contributes to this literature through an examination of market perceptions and pricing strategies used by small-scale farmers engaged in direct sales opportunities. Interviews with nine farm owners and managers, as well as three leaders of local food initiatives, revealed the creative strategies that small-scale food producers use to mitigate costs, set prices and convey the value of their products. Though farmers employ these creative strategies to make ends meet, their ability to become viable businesses is limited by the scope of current opportunities available within Atlanta's local food system, primarily farmers’ markets and Community-Supported Agriculture. In order for local food production to provide viable livelihoods for small-scale farmers, Atlanta's local food infrastructure may need to support small-scale farmers’ access to more diverse direct-market opportunities.
The Duality of TripAdvisor: The Quantity of Reviews Deterring Strategists from Quality Sites
Authors: Walters Noah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTripAdvisor brands itself to travelers as a forum to plan the best, personalized vacation. While promoting inclusion and community organization, the site also foments an impractical craze for authentic consumption. Rather than offering a TripAdvisor user (a strategist) the full options available, the site organizes its results on popularity. This cycle entrenches the most-rated locations at the top of search results while flushing less-frequently rated ones out. Thus, the most visited places become the best, most ‘authentic’ sites. This theoretical research analyzes the duality of TripAdvisor—the attractiveness of self-planning for strategists seeking authenticity paired with the actual algorithms that favor tourist frequency rather than local quality.
Understanding Adaptations: The Importance of Contextualized History in Biological Anthropology
Authors: Winful Taiye 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe future of biological anthropology is immense. However, to keep up with changing times and methods, biological anthropology needs to adopt and continue to push new methods. These methods include biocultural approaches, which aid in explaining biological variation as a response to human environmental interactions. Besides furthering the push for biocultural approaches, the need for adding and contextualizing history in terms of participants’ bio histories is important as well. In doing so, biological anthropology can be useful in constructing a narrative of people of African descent. Africa is a diverse continent yet overwhelmingly understudied. Understanding the complexity of the diversity of people of African descent can be used not only to address problems in the community (health disparities) but also to understand human biological evolution as a whole.
European Dancehouses: Models of Managing Tangible & Intangible Heritage
Authors: Creek Emily 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe European Dancehouse Network is a sustainable model for stability in dance communities around Europe. A dancehouse is a practice space, a performance space, and an educational space. This model serves artists across Europe by facilitating stable jobs and serves the public through performances. It is also a model that can serve as heritage protection. This type of protection occurs through the stable presence of art in neighborhoods, the rehabilitation of historical and important buildings, and the sharing of stories through the dance created within the walls of these dancehouses. For this think piece, I looked at three Nordic dance houses in Copenhagen, Olso, and Stockholm. After establishing a foundation for the heritage management occurring in these three cities through dancehouses, I discuss the ways in which fully adopting this EDN model would be beneficial to the city of Reykjavík and its dancers. In this discussion I outline the changes occurring in Reykjavík, the growth of the Reykjavík dance scene in recent years, and the recent activism of the city's dancers. Throughout this piece I will tie the potential benefits of the EDN model in Reykjavík with anthropological thoughts and ideas on cultural heritage and its management. My goal with this article is to articulate the place for creativity in heritage management of urban historical districts and the benefits a highly tourist-visited city, such as Reykjavík, can experience from a re-investment in its artists.
Evaluation of the inflammatory responses to sol–gel coatings with distinct biocompatibility levels
Authors: Cerqueira Andreia , Araújo‐Gomes Nuno , Zhang Yang , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Martínez‐Ramos Cristina , Ozturan Seda , Izquierdo Raúl , Muriach María , Romero‐Cano Ricard , Baliño Pablo , Romero‐Gavilán Francisco J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe immune system plays a crucial role in determining the implantation outcome, and macrophages are in the frontline of the inflammatory processes. Further, cellular oxidative stress resulting from the material recognition can influence how cell responses develop. Considering this, the aim of this study was to study oxidative stress and macrophages phenotypes in response to sol–gel materials with distinct in vivo outcomes. Four materials were selected (70M30T and 35M35G30T, with high biocompatibility, and 50M50G and 50V50G, with low biocompatibility). Gene expression, immunocytochemistry and cytokine secretion profiles for M1 and M2 markers were determined. Moreover, oxidative stress markers were studied. Immunocytochemistry and ELISA showed that 50M50G and 50V50G lead to a higher differentiation to M1 phenotype, while 70M30T and 35M35G30T promoted M2 differentiation. In oxidative stress, no differences were found. These results show that the balance between M1 and M2, more than individual quantification of each phenotype, determines a biomaterial outcome.
Targeted delivery of paclitaxel by NL2 peptide‐functionalized on core‐shell LaVO4: Eu3@ poly (levodopa) luminescent nanoparticles
Authors: Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Ebrahimi Mansore , Johari Behrooz , Madanchi Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTargeted drug delivery enhances drug efficiency and selectivity without affecting normal cells. Luminescent nanoparticles can be used for tumor imaging as well as selective tumor targeting for drug delivery. In this research, LaVO4:Eu3+ was synthesized, the luminescent nanocrystal was coated by surface polymerization of levodopa in the presence of Paclitaxel (PTX), and then NL2 peptide was coupled on the surface of polymer‐coated luminescent nanoparticles. Next, the capability of the modified drug was examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MTT assay on SK‐BR‐3 cell line (as breast cancer cells) and fluorescent microscopy results indicate that this modification decreases significantly drug toxicity and increases its selectivity. In addition, in vivo experiments confirm more capability of the NL2‐functionalized nanocomposite for reducing tumor size, drug distribution in the body, and more aggregation of PTX in tumor tissue. Overall, it is concluded that tumor imaging is possible using luminescent LaVO4:Eu3+ core and NL2 peptide increases significantly the specificity of PTX in combination with a functionalized luminescent polymeric carrier.
MC3T3 E1 cell response to mineralized nanofiber shish kebab structures
Authors: Yu Tony , Petrovic Mark , Attia Aria , Galindo Diego , Staub Mark C. , Kim Seyong , Li Christopher Y. , Marcolongo Michele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) are of growing interest because of their extensive utility in tissue engineering, particularly in biomimetic approaches where multifunctionality is critical. We synthesized polycaprolactone‐polyacrylic acid (PCL‐b‐PAA) BCP and crystallized it onto PCL nanofibers, making BCP nanofiber shish kebab (BCP NFSK) structures. When mineralized in 2× simulated body fluid, BCP NFSK mimic the structure of mineralized collagen fibrils. We hypothesized that the addition of a calcium phosphate layer of graded roughness on the nano‐structure of the nanofiber shish kebabs would enhance preosteoblast alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which has been shown to be a critical component in bone matrix formation. The objectives in the study were to investigate the effect of mineralization on cell proliferation and ALP activity, and to also investigate the effect of BCP NFSK periodicity, a structural feature describing the distance between PCL‐b‐PAA crystals on the nanofiber core, on cell proliferation, and ALP activity. ALP activity of cells cultured on the mineralized BCP NFSK template was significantly higher than the nonmineralized BCP NFSK templates. Interestingly, no statistical difference was observed in ALP activity when the periodic varied, indicating that surface chemistry seemed to play a larger role than the surface roughness.
Large scale production and characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 whole antigen for serological test development
Authors: Cerutti Helena , Ricci Veronica , Tesi Giulia , Soldatini Claudia , Castria Marinunzia , Vaccaro Marco Natale , Tornesi Stefania , Toppi Simona , Verdiani Silvana , Brogi Alessandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has generated a pandemic with alarming rates of fatality worldwide. This situation has had a major impact on clinical laboratories that have attempted to answer the urgent need for diagnostic tools, since the identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Development of a reliable serological diagnostic immunoassay, with high levels of sensitivity and specificity to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies with improved differential diagnosis from other circulating viruses, is mandatory.MethodsAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole inactivated virus cultured in vitro, was developed to detect viral antigens. WB and ELISA investigations were carried out with sera of convalescent patients and negative sera samples. Both analyses were concurrently performed with recombinant MABs to verify the findings.ResultsPreliminary data from 10 sera (5 patients with COVID‐19, and 5 healthy controls) using this immunoassay are very promising, successfully identifying all of the confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive individuals.ConclusionThis ELISA appears to be a specific and reliable method for detecting COVID‐19 antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA), and a useful tool for identifying individuals which have developed immunity to the virus.
Cognitive reappraisal moderates the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Hayatbini Niki , Knauft Katherine , Kalia Vrinda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCharacterized by setting high standards for performance, perfectionism is a transdiagnostic process implicated in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In contrast, cognitive flexibility is associated with enhanced mental health. Yet, the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility is understudied. We examined the relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility, and whether emotion regulation strategies moderated the association between them.MethodAdult participants (N = 486) were recruited online and completed questionnaires on perfectionism, emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility.ResultsPerfectionism negatively correlated with one of the two aspects of cognitive flexibility assessed. Reappraisal, but not suppression, moderated the relationship between perfectionism and flexibility.ConclusionsResults indicate that perfectionism is associated with inflexible appraisal of everyday challenges. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal attenuates the negative relationship between perfectionism and cognitive flexibility; except in individuals with high narcissistic perfectionism for whom the debilitating relationship between the two variables is enhanced by reappraisal.