bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YouTube as a Source of Patient Information Regarding Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Castillo Jayme , Zhu Katherine , Gray Lauren , Sachse Sydney , Berra Alexandra , Belfort Michael A. , Aalipour Soroush , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: July 2021

Objective As the awareness of the accompanying morbidity of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has increased over recent decades. We sought to analyze the precision and reliability of the currently available content regarding PAS on YouTube.
Study Design A YouTube search was performed on June 17, 2019 by using the search terms “placenta accreta,” “PAS,” and “invasive placentation.” Search results were sorted by relevance, and up to 200 videos per search term were systematically evaluated by four independent reviewers. A quality assessment checklist relating to aspects of PAS was developed with a Likert's scale from 0 to 12 points to quantify video content. Videos were classified as poor educational quality (grade 0 to ≤4), moderate quality (grade >4–8), and high quality (grade >8–12).
Results Of the 318 videos identified, 99 videos met inclusion criteria. The majority of videos (61.6%) were produced by a professional source, that is, appearing to be from a hospital, university, or educational service. Of the remaining videos, 16.2% were classified as personal, that is, posted from personal YouTube accounts and depicting a personal or family member experience, and 22.2% were classified as other. The majority of the “other” category consisted of news segments and short clips from talk shows. Overall, 60.6% of videos were of poor educational quality, 32.3% were of moderate quality, and 7.1% were deemed high quality. All seven of the high-quality videos were produced by a professional source and intended for an audience of medical professionals. There were neither high-quality videos intended for the general public nor the likely affected and relevant patient population.
Conclusion This study suggests that the currently available videos on YouTube regarding PAS are poor educational sources for patients seeking information, and demonstrates a need for high-quality content videos produced by medical professionals specifically focused on meeting the needs of patient population.
Key Points
A Comparative Analysis of Microscopy, Coproantigen Serology, and Nested Multiplex PCR in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica Infection
Authors: Das Sindhusuta , Rajkumari Nonika , Gunalan Anitha , Rajavelu Dhanalakshmi , Olickal Jeby Jose 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives Amoebiasis is caused by the most common intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite causes amoebic colitis, which is manifested by diarrhea, followed by dysentery. The laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis in most cases is by microscopic examination of stool samples. Other nonroutine methods include coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from stool samples, serum ELISA for antibodies, stool culture, isoenzyme analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The present study aimed to comparatively analyze the different diagnostic modalities used for the detection of E. histolytica from the stool sample of patients with intestinal amoebiasis.
Materials and Methods This study was undertaken with 631 patients, during a period of 3 years, from January 2017 to December 2019. Stool specimen obtained from each patient was subjected to direct microscopic wet mount examination, coproantigen ELISA, and nested multiplex PCR, respectively.
Results Out of all the patients tested, 5.2% were positive for E. histolytica. Among the positive cases, stool microscopy was positive in 3.17%, coproantigen ELISA was positive in 29 (4.6%) cases, and PCR was positive in 30 (4.75%) cases.
Statistical Analysis The prevalence of E. histolytica infection was summarized as percentages. The three diagnostic tests done were statistically analyzed, taking microscopy as the gold standard. The agreement between techniques (microscopy, coproantigen ELISA, and PCR) was analyzed with kappa statistics. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were summarized as percentage with 95% confidence interval.
Conclusion In all suspected amoebiasis cases, a combination of stool microscopy, coproantigen testing with molecular detection of the parasite offers the best approach to diagnosis of this parasitic infection.
Nonaccidental Trauma Managed with Open Spinal Fixation and Instrumentation and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Gigliotti Michael J. , Farou Noa , Savaliya Sandip , Rizk Elias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNonaccidental trauma (NAT), causing spinal injury is rare and occurs in up to 3% of cases. Management of these injuries is typically conservative, and thus surgical management is not widely reported in the literature. In this case report, we presented three patients to review the effectiveness of spinal instrumentation and posterior fusion in pediatric patients due to NAT. All patients recovered well and were neurologically intact at last follow-up with no postprocedural complications noted. Spinal arthrodesis is a safe, effective way to manage spinal injuries due to NAT in cases of fracture-dislocation, distraction injuries, as well as cases involving neurologic compromise.
The split word orders APV and PAV of Nuosu Yi
Authors: Hu Suhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNuosu Yi is a Tibeto-Burman (henceforth TB) language lacking sufficient core case markers. Depending on the telicity and aspectuality of the predicates, its basic word order splits into APV and rigid PAV. To be specific, the atelic and/or imperfective predicates are APV, while the telic predicates indicated by the resultativity or perfect aspect are PAV. This paper describes the semantics and syntax of the syntactic PAV and APV of Nuosu Yi thoroughly; and compares them to other TB languages in terms of role marking strategies. I propose that the conditions of split word order in Nuosu Yi are on a par with those of the split ergativity encoded by the morphological marking in Tibetan and some other TB languages; namely, the rigid PAV corresponds to the ergative alignment, and the rigid APV corresponds to the accusative alignment. The study will deepen Nuosu Yi’s morpho-syntax study and show the word order diversity to the studies of linguistic typology. Additionally, the study sheds light on the possibility of extending the definition of ergativity and its potential counterpart.
An aggregate approach to diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations
Authors: Li Jialei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Modern Chinese took the place of classical Chinese and has been the standard form of writing since the early 1920s. While several studies have been carried out on diachronic variation in modern written Chinese, these include few aggregate investigations. This study examines the diachronic variation in modern Chinese writings and translations from the 1900s to the 2000s. Frequencies of multiple linguistic features sensitive to historical change were drawn from a multi-genre comparable corpus, ‘DCMCWT’, containing five periods: 1900–1911, 1919–1930, 1931–1949, 1950–1966, and 1978–2012. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed for periodisation, while multidimensional scaling supplemented the developmental path. The results suggest that Chinese writings and translations fall into three broad periods: 1900–1911, 1919–1966, and 1978–2012. Chinese translations follow a similar evolutionary path as the writings, and the gap between them, narrowed from 1900 to 2012. This developmental path corresponds to the socio-historical backgrounds in Chinese history and shares similarities and differences with the development of English. Diachronic variation in early modern Chinese mirrors that of English in that both languages developed to be more colloquial and interactive. However, early modern Chinese is different from English, as diglossia has played a crucial evolutionary role.
Developing beginning language learners’ (meta-)cultural understanding via student-led Linguistic Landscape research
Authors: Li Yu , Lee Hakyoon , Choi Bumyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Practitioners of additional-language (AL) education have consistently argued for the pedagogical benefits of engaging students in Linguistic Landscape (LL) research. The potential of how LL study may contribute to students’ development in (meta-)cultural understanding is yet to be explored. Additionally, while a number of present studies target students at the intermediate or advanced level, student-led LL research projects designed for learners with beginning AL proficiency are under-explored. This paper seeks to fill these gaps by offering a study of undergraduate students learning Chinese and those learning Korean in their first year in the United States. Analysis of student work and pre- and post-project survey data demonstrates that engaging beginning learners of AL in LL research enables them to develop enriched and nuanced understanding of cultural authenticity as well as a deeper appreciation of their target culture. In other words, it is beneficial for promoting their meta-cultural as well as culture-specific learning.
A solid–liquid hybrid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries enabled by a single-body polymer/indium tin oxide architecture
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Son Dae-Yong , Ono Luis K , Jiang Yan , Qi Yabing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes have received much attention because of their high safety and cycling stability for lithium ion batteries. However, the interfacial contact issue of solid electrolytes with the electrode and active material hinders their practical use. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate a hybrid electrolyte that combines a solid polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrolyte with an organic liquid electrolyte to provide synergetic benefits over a single electrolyte. The single-body PET electrolyte/In2O3–SnO2 (ITO; 110 nm, 150 nm, 260 nm and 340 nm) electrode was prepared by vacuum sputtering deposition. The simplicity of the electrode composite (e.g., conductive additive-free, solvent-free and binder-free) and its gapless structure between the polymer substrate and the active material significantly impede the formation of by-products from the decomposed electrolyte as well as the growth of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase upon cycling. In addition, the cell configuration of the Li metal/organic electrolyte/PET/ITO electrode enables a process called ‘Li+ caging’, which leaves some of the lithium ions in the PET due to the different ion transfer kinetics of the heteroionic interfaces. The hybrid electrolyte cell not only shows an excellent rate capability at 100–400 mA g−1, but also exhibits high cycling stability (>1200 cycles). Our study lays a cornerstone for the development of practical hybrid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries with improved stability.
Pressure-induced topological quantum phase transition in the magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4
Authors: Guo Wen-Ti , Huang Lu , Yang Yanmin , Huang Zhigao , Zhang Jian-Min 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, topological quantum phase transition was reported in the magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 under pressure strain. Electronic and topological properties of the bulk anti-ferromagnetic MnBi2Te4 were investigated by first-principles calculations. We found that the band structure of MnBi2Te4 changes with the strain, resulting in a phase transition between metal and insulator. From the variation of charge-density distribution with strain, it was found that hydrostatic tensile strain is beneficial for increasing the interlayer spacing, thereby reducing the anti-ferromagnetic interaction between layers. On the contrary, the compressive strain promotes the strengthening of the bonding between the Te and Bi atomic layers. It was worth noting that the phase transition occurs at 2.12% strain when the band crossing is observed at Γ point, suggesting that the band gap has just closed. In addition, through the calculation of surface states, it is observed that, after the action of 2.12% strain, the bulk band gap of the system closes with the surface band gap reopens, achieving an intrinsic mechanism of strain modulation of the MnBi2Te4 antiferromagnetic bulk structure to undergoes a topological quantum phase transition. Our results provide feasible guidance not only for pressure-strain engineering of MnBi2Te4 experimentally but also for developing a meaningful strain-control mechanism for the electronic structures of other potential intrinsic magnetic insulators.
Master equation approach to the stochastic accumulation dynamics of bacterial cell cycle
Authors: Luo Liang , Bai Yang , Fu Xiongfei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of bacterial cell size control has been a mystery for decades, which involves the well-coordinated growth and division in the cell cycle. The revolutionary modern techniques of microfluidics and the advanced live imaging analysis techniques allow long term observations and high-throughput analysis of bacterial growth on single cell level, promoting a new wave of quantitative investigations on this puzzle. Taking the opportunity, this theoretical study aims to clarify the stochastic nature of bacterial cell size control under the assumption of the accumulation mechanism, which is favoured by recent experiments on species of bacteria. Via the master equation approach with properly chosen boundary conditions, the distributions concerned in cell size control are estimated and are confirmed by experiments. In this analysis, the inter-generation Green’s function is analytically evaluated as the key to bridge two kinds of statistics used in batch-culture and mother machine experiments. This framework allows us to quantify the noise level in growth and accumulation according to experimental data. As a consequence of non-Gaussian noises of the added sizes, the non-equilibrium nature of bacterial cell size homeostasis is predicted, of which the biological meaning requires further investigation.
Assessment of a Line Immunoassay for the Detection of Mi-2 Antibodies: Results From a Single Academic Center Investigation
Authors: Skemp-Dymond Grace , Lebiedz-Odrobina Dorota , Zuromski Lauren M , Rhoads Jamie L W , Tebo Anne E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the performance characteristics of a line immunoassay (LIA) for the detection of Mi-2 antibodies associated with dermatomyositis (DM).

Methods
In total, 432 consecutive patient specimens were tested for Mi-2 antibodies concurrently by LIA (Mi-2α or Mi-2β) or immunoprecipitation (IP) test and antinuclear antibody by indirect immunofluorescence assay using HEp-2 substrate. Following antibody evaluation, results for patients positive in any of the assays for Mi-2 antibody had a retrospective chart review for diagnostic categorization. The performance of all tests was evaluated based on the extracted clinical data.

Results
Forty patients were positive in at least one of the Mi-2 assays. The frequency of Mi-2β antibody by LIA was highest (75.0%), followed by Mi-2 by IP (35.0%) and Mi-2α by LIA (20.0%), respectively. Mi-2 by IP had the best total percent agreement for DM (95.0%) compared with 70.0% and 25.0% for the LIA Mi-2α and Mi-2β, respectively. Positivity of the Mi-2β antibody was significantly associated with non-DM diagnosis.

Conclusions
Agreement for DM with assays for detecting Mi-2 is variable. Additional studies are required to validate Mi-2 immunoassays for routine patient evaluation.
Linear Relationships Between Total Hydrocarbons and Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, and n-Hexane during the Deepwater Horizon Response and Clean-up
Authors: Groth Caroline P , Huynh Tran B , Banerjee Sudipto , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Stewart Patricia A , Quick Harrison , Sandler Dale P , Blair Aaron , Engel Lawrence S , Kwok Richard K , Stenzel Mark R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our objectives were to (i) determine correlations between measurements of THC and of BTEX-H, (ii) apply these linear relationships to predict BTEX-H from measured THC, (iii) use these correlations as informative priors in Bayesian analyses to estimate exposures.

Methods
We used a Bayesian left-censored bivariate framework for all 3 objectives. First, we modeled the relationships (i.e. correlations) between THC and each BTEX-H chemical for various overarching groups of measurements using linear regression to determine if correlations derived from linear relationships differed by various exposure determinants. We then used the same linear regression relationships to predict (or impute) BTEX-H measurements from THC when only THC measurements were available. Finally, we used the same linear relationships as priors for the final exposure models that used real and predicted data to develop exposure estimate statistics for each individual exposure group.

Results
Correlations between measurements of THC and each of the BTEX-H chemicals (n = 120 for each of BTEX, 36 for n-hexane) differed substantially by area of the Gulf of Mexico and by time period that reflected different oil-spill related exposure opportunities. The correlations generally exceeded 0.5. Use of regression relationships to impute missing data resulted in the addition of &gt;23 000 n-hexane and 541 observations for each of BTEX. The relationships were then used as priors for the calculation of exposure statistics while accounting for censored measurement data.

Conclusions
Taking advantage of observed relationships between THC and BTEX-H allowed us to develop robust exposure estimates where a large amount of data were missing, strengthening our exposure estimation process for the epidemiologic study.
Irisin restores high glucose-induced cell injury in vascular endothelial cells by activating Notch pathway via Notch receptor 1
Authors: Wang Hanrui , Pei Siying , Fang Shuqing , Jin Song , Deng Shuhua , Zhao Yanan , Feng Yao 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). It has been confirmed that irisin is closely related to DM. However, the effect of irisin on DFU is obscure and needs further study. After human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations’ irisin, normal glucose, high glucose (HG), HG plus irisin-high (H) or sh-Notch1, cell biological behaviors, LDH, and VEGFA were detected by cell function experiments. Apoptosis- and Notch pathway-related protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Irisin has no cytotoxicity, and irisin-H elevated cell viability and inhibited apoptosis and LDH level in HG-induced HUVECs. Meanwhile, irisin-H restored HG-repressed migration and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Irisin-H inhibited apoptosis-related protein levels and promoted VEGFA and Notch pathway-related protein levels in HG-treated HUVECs. Additionally, sh-Notch1 reversed the protective effect of irisin-H in HG-treated HUVECs. Irisin restores HG-induced cell injury and angiogenesis in HUVECs by activating Notch pathway via Notch1.
Neural effective connectivity explains subjective fatigue in stroke
Authors: Ondobaka Sasha , De Doncker William , Ward Nick , Kuppuswamy Annapoorna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPersistent fatigue is a major debilitating symptom in many psychiatric and neurological conditions, including stroke. Post-stroke fatigue has been linked to low corticomotor excitability. Yet, it remains elusive as to what the neuronal mechanisms are that underlie motor cortex excitability and chronic persistence of fatigue.In this cross-sectional observational study, in two experiments we examined a total of 59 non-depressed stroke survivors with minimal motoric and cognitive impairments using ‘resting-state’ MRI and single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation.In the first session of Experiment 1, we assessed resting motor thresholds—a typical measure of cortical excitability—by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation to the primary motor cortex (M1) and measuring motor-evoked potentials in the hand affected by stroke. In the second session, we measured their brain activity with resting-state MRI to assess effective connectivity interactions at rest. In Experiment 2 we examined effective inter-hemispheric connectivity in an independent sample of patients using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. We also assessed the levels of non-exercise induced, persistent fatigue using Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-7), a self-report questionnaire that has been widely applied and validated across different conditions. We used spectral dynamic causal modelling in Experiment 1 and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in Experiment 2 to characterize how neuronal effective connectivity relates to self-reported post-stroke fatigue. In a multiple regression analysis, we used the balance in inhibitory connectivity between homologue regions in M1 as the main predictor, and have included lesioned hemisphere, resting motor threshold and levels of depression as additional predictors.Our novel index of inter-hemispheric inhibition balance was a significant predictor of post-stroke fatigue in Experiment 1 (β = 1.524, P = 7.56 × 10−5, confidence interval: 0.921 to 2.127) and in Experiment 2 (β = 0.541, P = 0.049, confidence interval: 0.002 to 1.080). In Experiment 2, depression scores and corticospinal excitability, a measure associated with subjective fatigue, also significantly accounted for variability in fatigue.We suggest that the balance in inter-hemispheric inhibitory effects between primary motor regions can explain subjective post-stroke fatigue. Findings provide novel insights into neural mechanisms that underlie persistent fatigue.
Changes in Health-related Quality of Life for Hepatitis C Virus–Infected People Who Inject Drugs While on Opioid Agonist Treatment Following Sustained Virologic Response
Authors: Gormley Mirinda Ann , Akiyama Matthew J , Rennert Lior , Howard Kerry A , Norton Brianna L , Pericot-Valverde Irene , Muench Sam , Heo Moonseong , Litwin Alain H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Although efforts to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID) yield high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), the relationship between successful HCV treatment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among PWID is poorly understood. We examined HRQOL changes throughout HCV treatment and post-treatment for PWID achieving SVR.

Methods
Participants included 141 PWID who achieved SVR following HCV treatment onsite at 3 opioid agonist treatment (OAT) clinics in the Bronx, New York. EQ-5D-3L assesses 5 health dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), producing an index of HRQOL ranging from 0 to 1. EQ-5D-3L was measured at baseline; 4, 8, and 12 weeks during treatment; and 12 and 24 weeks post-treatment. Linear mixed effects regression models assessed changes in the mean EQ-5D-3L index over time.

Results
Mean EQ-5D-3L index baseline was 0.66 (standard error [SE] = 0.02). While over half the population reported no baseline problems with self-care (85.1%), usual activities (56.0%), and mobility (52.5%), at least two-thirds reported problems with pain/discomfort (78.0%) and anxiety/depression (66.0%). Twenty-four weeks post-treatment, proportions reporting pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression decreased by 25.7% and 24.0%, respectively. Mean EQ-5D-3L index significantly improved during treatment (P &lt; .0001), and improvement was sustained following treatment completion, with mean EQ-5D-3L index of 0.77 (SE = 0.02) 12 weeks post-SVR.

Conclusions
HCV treatment led to sustained improvement in HRQOL for PWID on OAT who achieved SVR. Future research is necessary to determine whether improvements in HRQOL can be sustained beyond 12 weeks post-SVR.