bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study on role of HSG in evaluation of female infertility
Authors: Nishat Huma , Singh Kalpana , Tiwary Bhawana , Kumari Shubhanti , Shashi Kumari , Kumari Manisha 
Published: December 2021

Aims and Objectives:
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is one of the investigations used to evaluate female infertility. The objective of this study was to assess the role of HSG in evaluation of female infertility.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study conducted at IGIMS, Patna. The data collected were the infertile patients in whom HSG procedure performed among the women attending between November 2016 and November 2018 were included.

Results:
The study included a total of 130 cases of infertile women, in which 70% of cases were of primary infertility and 30% were of secondary infertility. About 83% of cases were of normal tubes with bilateral spillage.

Conclusion:
The retrospective study showed that HSG is a safe, lesser invasive, and cost effective and a valuable diagnostic procedure.
PCL avulsion – ORIF by CC screw. Case series – Our experience at IGIMS
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kumar Anjani , Sharma Jaya , Sharma Gangdayal , Kumar Santosh 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are not a very common injury but among the avulsion fractures around the knee, PCL avulsion is very common followed by anterior cruciate ligament avulsion. Various treatment modalities have been described in the literature right from nonoperative to operative fixations.

Materials and Methods:
A series of 7 patients having isolated PCL avulsion fracture were selected for this study. Two of them refused treatment of any types. The remaining of the five patients was treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using CC screw through the posterior approach.

Results:
All patients were followed up for 1 year. Union was achieved in all the cases. At the end of the study, all were able to squat easily and could extend the knee fully. Lysholm score was excellent in three patients and good in two patients.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that ORIF using a CC screw with a washer is a good mode of fixation, giving good functional recovery and stable knee.
HPV vaccination program
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Kumari Satya , Rani Jyotsna , Abhilashi Kavya , Sinha Setu , Pankaj Sangeeta , Devi Seema 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, infecting three of four individuals at least once in their lifetime. The virus exists in more than 200 morphogenic strains, and some of these variants are oncogenic. HPV is detected in virtually all cases of cervical carcinoma. HPV vaccination against high-risk HPV types is expected to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, but for this, it has to overcome a lot of obstacles and challenges in its way.

Materials and Methods:
In May 2018, HPV immunization program was started in the Department of Gynecology Oncology, IGIMS, PATNA – a tertiary care center of Bihar for daughters of hospital employees and their relatives of age group 9–26 years of age. A total of 60 girls got vaccinated under this program.

Results:
About 80% of the parents who got their daughters vaccinated in the study were aware of cervical cancer, but they lacked knowledge about HPV – the causative agent of cervical cancer. About 50% of them were not aware of existence of any vaccine against it. Young adolescent girls were not aware of this vaccine either.

Conclusion:
Three-dose schedule was a major barrier to the delivery and uptake of the HPV vaccine. Had a single dose of HPV vaccine been effective that would have been important logistics advancement. Lack of knowledge about vaccine is a problem that leads to low vaccination coverage.
Mucormycosis during COVID-19 era
Authors: Kishor Kunal , Pawar Shashi Singh , Kumar Manish , Raj Shraddha , Sinha Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Abhinandan , Anand Anupam , Swati  , Nasir Yasmin , Pankaj Sangeeta , Singh Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds and Aims:
In April − May 2021, India has witnessed a large number of cases of mucormycosis during the second wave of COVID-19 infection both in recovered patients and those in the active phase of disease. Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, drugs-induced immunosuppression, posttransplantation, and hematological malignancies are the major risk factors for both severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis. This unprecedented rise in COVID-19 infection led to a near collapse of the health-care system with severe shortage of treatment facilities including health-care staff and infrastructure. COVID-19 has highlighted several loopholes in the present health-care system. Most of the existing workforce had to be diverted to treat this disease and its complications. Our aim is to analyze the various clinicopathological characteristics of patients with mucormycosis and COVID-19 by an oncology department in association with the multidisciplinary team of a tertiary care center during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted at the oncology ward of a tertiary care center. All biopsy-proven mucormycosis patients were enrolled in the study. A detailed history along with comprehensive clinical examination and imaging studies was done. Surgical intervention and medical management were done by a multidisciplinary coordination team as per the ICMR protocol.

Results:
Forty-five patients were enrolled in the study. All cases of mucormycosis occurred in COVID-19 recovered patients. The median age was 52 years. Diabetes mellitus was present in 38 of 45 cases (84%). Periorbital swelling, ocular pain, ptosis, and loss of vision were the main presenting complains. The maxillary sinuses were the most common sinuses affected (45%). Intraorbital extension was seen in five cases (11%). Intracranial extension was seen in nine cases (20%). All patients had received steroids during the COVID-19 treatment.

Conclusion:
Poorly controlled diabetes and indiscriminate use of immunosuppressive drugs including steroids have emerged as predisposing factors for causation of mucormycosis in COVID-19 disease. In suspected cases, early initiation of therapy and rapid reversal of underlying predisposing risk factors play a key role.
Stress among current and future dental practitioners during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Singh Nimmi , Singh Devika , Mishra Navin , Singh Priyankar , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Arbind 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the psychological effects of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic among the dental practitioners and students of dentistry.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was prepared using the Google forms which were circulated among the dental surgeons. Statistically analysis was performed. The responses were then tabulated.

Results:
A total of 247 responses were received. Among them, the majority of the participants had moderate stress, i.e., 33.2% and 15.8% were suffering from severe stress. The major reason for stress of loss of income, liabilities to pay loans, and how and when to resume work.

Conclusion:
Social support is an important protective factor to reduce mental stress. The implications for the management of such situation during the pandemic should be given thought.
Impact of foundation course on students
Authors: Siddharth Kumar , Sunita  , Kumar Manish , Kumari Rekha 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
A new competency-based curriculum was rolled out across medical schools in India from the year 2019. It aims at transforming the way an Indian medical graduate is taught and assessed. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of a month-long foundation course, a new element of the curriculum, at the beginning of the 1st year. The foundation course aims to bring students from different socio-economic and educational backgrounds on an equal footing for their way ahead.

Materials and Methods:
The study was designed as quasi-experimental. Freshly admitted undergraduate students were included in the study. Students with an attendance of <60% during the foundation course were excluded from the study. A questionnaire (having 2 sections) was used, one to assess computer knowledge (10 questions) and a 17-item 5-point Likert scale to assess opinion on various domains as envisaged in the foundation course. They also rated their overall impression of the foundation course. The students attempted the questionnaire before and then again after the completion of the foundation course. Data from 91 paired subjects (66 males, 25 females) were analyzed using t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, etc.

Results:
There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) change in mean computer scores after 1 month. A few statements on the scale, such as the importance of handwashing, indicated the previous knowledge of the students. A statistically significant change in opinion was observed in some statements on ethics, professionalism, etc.

Conclusions:
Foundation course will help students become more professional in their approach to modern medicine. It makes them realize the importance of ethics, communication, and gender sensitization.
Burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians in the Philippines
Authors: Ang Angeli Anne C. , Soriano-Estrella Agnes L. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Physician burnout (BO) is an increasing global concern due to its rising prevalence and effect on patient care.

OBJECTIVE:
This study determined the prevalence of BO, compassion fatigue (CF), and compassion satisfaction (CS), among residents of obstetrics and gynecology in the Philippines, and identified the factors associated with these.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study, which used stratified random sampling. The strata comprised public and private hospitals that were subdivided into Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and National Capital Region. From these, 33 training hospitals were randomly selected, which served as clusters wherein all resident physicians of obstetrics and gynecology were invited to answer either an online or printed version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Majority of the 311 participants included had average level of BO (n = 281, 90.4%), CF (n = 237, 76.2%), and CS (n = 213, 68.5%). CS was negatively correlated with burnout (r = −0.31, P < 0.001) and CF (r = −0.34, P < 0.001), whereas BO and CS were positively correlated (r = +0.48, P < 0.001). Type of institution, sleeping hours, and interrupted leaves were the common factors that yield significant differences in BO (P = 0.037, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001) and CF (P = 0.002, P = 0.043, and P = 0.005). Significant differences were observed in CS scores in terms of age (P = 0.016), marital status (P = 0.038), child dependents (P = 0.006), level of training (P = 0.005), and location and type of institution (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.003).

CONCLUSION:
There is a need to develop active awareness of BO and CF among resident physicians to effect interventions at the individual and institutional level.
Logistical concerns faced by frontliners in obstetrics and gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic in a COVID-19 referral hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Alcazaren Bernadette Ann S. , Habana Maria Antonia E. 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The COVID 19 infection has greatly affected health care delivery in the Philippines. However, the concerns of healthcare workers have yet to be explored

Objective:
This study determined the logistical concerns of the residents and fellows of an academic government hospital that serves as a COVID-19 referral center in the Philippines.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional, online survey administered to the trainees of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

RESULTS:
Eighty-seven participants were included in the study. Mean age was 30.7 ±3.7. Most were single, female and resident doctors. Eighty-one percent agreed there was easy access to food and water during duty and that the food and water provided by the hospital were adequate. Fifty-four percent agreed that they feel safe going to and from the hospital. However, fifty-five percent disagreed to feeling safe from COVID-19 within the hospital. A high majority of the participants agreed that they have access to personal protective equipment but only fifty-eight percent agreed that the supply was adequate. The top 5 logistical concerns identified were: (1) safety and security, (2) food, (3) supply of personal protective equipment, (4) water, and (5) transportation.

CONCLUSION:
Although provisions on basic needs and protective equipment were adequate, trainees still felt unsafe from COVID-19 within the hospital. Both the government and hospital administrators must continue to work together to improve strategies to address concerns of frontliners.
TURKISH ADAPTATION OF THE WORKPLACE BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY
Authors: KARAKAYA Neşe , KILIÇ Meral 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to adapt the "Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale" into Turkish and evaluate psychometric properties.
Method: Two hundred twenty-five volunteering women aged 18 and over, working in the public sector for at least one month after the leave, having an infant aged 4-12 months, having breastfed for a while or still breastfeeding were included in the study. IBM SPSS version 22.0 and AMOS 20 programs were used for data analysis. For explanatory factor analysis (EFA), principal component, varimax vertical rotation and scree plot test were performed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Results: It was determined that Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.78, the item-total score correlations ranged between 0.26 and 0.65, and no item was removed from the scale. It was confirmed that the scale had a 2-factor structure as a result of EFA, and the validity of the 2-factor structure was confirmed by CFA, and the χ²/df ratio was 1.928, RMSEA value was 0.064, GFI value was 0.929, AGFI value was 0.896, and TLI was 0.908. The correlation value of the relationship between the first and second measurement results of the scale was r=0.932, and the value between the two measurements was found to be highly significant (p
Menengahi Polemik Rencana Investasi BPKH pada Tanah Wakaf Baitul Asyi
Authors: Fahmi M. Nasir  
Published: December 2021

Rencana Badan Pengelola Keuangan Haji (BPKH) untuk melakukan investasi di Arab Saudi, khususnya pada tanah wakaf Baitul Asyi di Mekkah sempat hangat diberitakan oleh berbagai media dan menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam masyarakat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menengahi polemik ini dengan melihat sekilas tentang profil BPKH sesuai dengan amanah regulasi yang berlaku diikuti dengan menapaktilasi sejarah wakaf Indonesia di Arab Saudi. Tulisan ini akan dilanjutkan dengan menganalisa wacana pro dan kontra yang berkembang untuk mengetahui faktor penyebabnya baik dari sisi konsepsi ataupun politis. Kemudian pembahasan singkat mengenai model-model pembiayaan harta wakaf serta beberapa terobosan baru investasi dalam dunia keuangan Islam akan disajikan sebagai perbandingan bagi rencana investasi BPKH. Selanjutkan akan dibahas bagaimana mekanisme tata kelola dan investasi yang selama ini dilakukan di Arab Saudi terutama sekali berkaitan dengan investasi terhadap tanah wakaf Habib Bugak. Bagian terakhir tulisan ini akan menguraikan beberapa poin mengenai mengapa perlunya BPKH berinvestasi di Arab Saudi yang akan diikuti dengan rekomendasi strategis supaya investasi yang BPKH lakukan dapat menjadi salah satu terobosan baru baik dalam pengelolaan dana haji ataupun pengembangan aset wakaf milik umat.

Kata kunci: BPKH, Investasi, Wakaf, Habib Bugak, Baitul Asyi
¿Es transferible el conocimiento de Economía Conductual a investigaciones sobre pobreza?
Authors: Pérez Martínez Armenio 
Published: December 2021

La Economía Conductual ha evidenciado avances significativos a partir de la aplicación de sus postulados a las políticas públicas, las finanzas conductuales, el neuromarketing, entre otras áreas de aplicación. Sin embargo, el despliegue del conocimiento generado puede estar limitado por las condiciones de vida de las personas, tal es el caso de la pobreza. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la posibilidad de aplicación de contenidos de la Economía Conductual a las investigaciones sobre la pobreza. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa; el diseño realizado es de tipo básico, descriptivo y trasversal, utilizándose métodos de carácter histórico, lógico y analítico. Los resultados apuntan al reconocimiento del carácter de racionalidad limitada y a la importancia de la aplicación metodológica del paternalismo, la arquitectura de la decisión, los Nudges y los experimentos controlados aleatorios. Sin embargo, se señala la necesidad de reconocer las condiciones individuales y sociales en que se desenvuelven las personas pobres, la importancia del acceso y procesamiento de la información; así como la imposibilidad de considerar la manifestación de heurísticos y sesgos cognitivos de la misma naturaleza que los hallados en los experimentos más conocidos de Economía Conductual.
Open Label Three Arm Controlled on the Effect of Udvarttana and Abdominal Pack in Central Obesity
Authors: Anand Aparna , M Vandana Rani , Dileep Anusree 
Published: December 2021

Background: Obesity occupies first place among non-communicable diseases creating an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in most of the countries. Body fat distribution, especially visceral adipose tissue accumulation, has been found to be a major correlate of a cluster of diabetogenic and atherogenic abnormalities that comes under the metabolic syndrome. Sthoulya is the nearest clinical entity in Ayurveda comparable to obesity. The treatment modality recommended for sthoulya is Langhana, Atarpana, Rookshana. Udvarttana, a procedure which gives rookshana with kapha medo samana is usually applied in sthoulya. In Naturopathy, exposure of cold increases metabolic reaction and is effectively used in obesity. Aim: The present study was made to evaluate the combined effect of Udvarttana and Abdominal pack together to manage the central obesity. Study design: Open label three arm-controlled study. Materials and Methods: Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (N= 60) and clinical study was conducted. Group 1(N=20) patients were given Sthaanika Udvarttana with Triphala Churna. Duration- 20 min. Group 2(N=20) patients were given Udvarttana with Triphala Churna and Abdominal pack. Duration -20 min Udvarttana and 30 min for Abdominal pack. Group 3(N=20) patients and all the patients were given diet restriction (14 days). The findings were recorded and, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with POST HOC TUKEY HSD was used to find the Significance between the groups. Results: By analysing the data, there was significant change in all assessment criteria’s (waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, abdominal skinfold measurement) of Group 2 while comparing with the means of other two groups i.e. Group 1 and Group 3. Conclusion: The combined treatment of Udvarttana with abdominal pack showed better results than Udvarttana alone or diet restrictions alone. Udvarttana along with Abdominal pack proves to be an effective remedial measure for central obesity.
Review on Tanduliyaka (Amaranthus spinosus L) - A Weed, A Vegetable and A Medicinal Plant
Authors: Chandrashekhar Karnam 
Published: December 2021

Weed is an unwanted plant growing on a cultivating land. Surprisingly, sometimes, certain weed turns out to be a great source of food or medicine. Nature has been so generous in providing a lot of useful things to humans. The great sages of Ayurveda have never let down any plant. They always tried to appreciate the usefulness of a plant in one or the other way. But, there are some instances where few therapeutic uses of certain plants were not documented in the literature of Ayurveda for unknown reasons. Ethno-botanical uses of such plants, if collected and studied, in addition to Ayurveda, will certainly make wonders in health care system. This review directs towards an underutilized, less explained, perhaps not significantly appreciated and categorically unspoken plant called Tanduliyaka (Amaranthus spinosus Linn) which has been used by many folklore and ethnic groups of India. This study reveals 45 synonyms of plant along with some notable ethno-botanical uses and its validated activities proving itself as the plant of much interest .
Implications of the 2021 ESC Cardiovascular Risk Classification among 283,000 European Immigrants Living in a Low-Risk Region: A Population-Based Analysis in Catalonia
Authors: Vela Emili , Cleries Montse , Bilal Usama , Banach Maciej , McEvoy John , Mortensen Martin , Blaha Michael , Nasir Khurram , Comin-Colet Josep , Mauri Josepa , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe ESC recently classified European countries into 4 cardiovascular risk regions. However, whether Europeans from higher-risk countries living in lower-risk regions may benefit from intensive cardiovascular prevention efforts, is unknown. We described the burden of risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among European-born immigrants living in Catalonia, a low-risk region.Material and methodsRetrospective cohort study of 5.6 million adults of European origin living in Catalonia in 2019, including 282,789 European-born immigrants. We used the regionwide healthcare database and classified participants into 5 groups: low-, moderate-, high-, and very high-risk, and local-born. Age-standardized prevalence was estimated as of December 31st, 2019 and incidence was computed during 2019 among at-risk individuals.ResultsThe very high-risk was the largest immigrant group (N=136,910; 48.4%), while the high-risk group was the smallest (N=15,739; 5.6%). These two had the highest burden of coronary heart disease across all groups evaluated, in both men and women. The very high-risk group also had the highest prevalence of hypertension and obesity at young-to-middle age, and the burden of risk factors newly diagnosed during 2019 was highest in high- and very high-risk participants. The mean age at first diagnosis of risk factors and CVD was lower in these groups.ConclusionsIn Catalonia, residents born in high- and very-high-risk European countries are at increased risk of coronary heart disease and newly diagnosed risk factors. Low-risk European countries may consider tailored prevention efforts, early screening of risk factors, and adequate healthcare resource planning to better address the health needs of men and women from higher-risk countries.