bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid fingerprint analysis for herbal polysaccharides using direct analysis in real‐time ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xing , Jiang Qing , Li Hongli , Chen David D. Y. 
Published: June 2021

RationaleHerbal polysaccharides have various potential medicinal values. Development of reliable analytical method for the fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides is critical for their quality assessment, origin identification, and authenticity evaluation.MethodsMechanochemical extraction (MCE) was used to extract polysaccharide components from different herbal species. Intact polysaccharides were then directly analyzed by direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS). Standard addition method with isotope‐labeled internal standard was used to quantify polysaccharide amounts directly from liquid extract. Multivariate data analysis was further conducted for species classification.ResultsThe intact and large polysaccharides were decomposed into small fragment ions less than m/z 350 instantaneously using DART ion source. Different polysaccharides showed distinguished fingerprint DART‐MS spectra using both individual and mixed herbal species. The liquid supernatant from MCE was validated to be used as direct sample for DART‐MS analysis. Quantitation was successfully achieved for polysaccharide contents in Dendrobium officinale from different locations.ConclusionsA rapid fingerprint protocol in combination of MCE and DART‐MS for herbal polysaccharides was developed. The whole process could be accomplished within a few minutes, from raw materials to final spectra, without requirements of pre‐digestion and additional sample purification.
No need to hesitate: immune‐related neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that improved by corticosteroids
Authors: Kanai Osamu , Nakatani Koichi , Fujita Kohei , Okamura Misato , Mio Tadashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnlike cytotoxicity, haematological toxicity is a rare immune‐related adverse event that is occasionally irreversible and refractory. A 67‐year‐old man was diagnosed with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma. After 41 cycles of nivolumab as third‐line chemotherapy, the patient developed severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The bone marrow biopsy and serum immunological tests indicated no evidence of bone marrow failure and suggested autoimmune mature blood cell destruction. After initiating treatment with prednisolone 50 mg orally and filgrastim 75 μg subcutaneously once daily, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia recovered within four and nine days, respectively. The filgrastim was discontinued four days later, and the corticosteroid was discontinued three months later; there has been no haemocytopenia recurrence since then. The patient has remained untreated for more than two years without progression of lung cancer. In conclusion, corticosteroids should be considered for the treatment of autoimmune haemocytopenia if refractory bone marrow dysplasia can be ruled out.
Frequency delay‐dependent stability criterion for time‐delay systems thanks to Fourier–Legendre remainders
Authors: Bajodek Mathieu , Gouaisbaut Frédéric , Seuret Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the stability of a linear finite‐dimensional system interconnected to a single delay operator. From robust approaches, to derive delay‐dependent frequency tests, a characterization of the delay behavior is required. Based on approximation methods, one describes the transported signal by lumped parameters. More precisely, by the use of the first Fourier–Legendre polynomials coefficients, we split the delay block into a finite‐dimensional part interconnected to a specific infinite‐dimensional residual part. Two models are investigated with residuals related to two Fourier–Legendre remainders of the delayed transfer function. The main contribution is to highlight that the finite‐dimensional models based on the first Legendre coefficients are proven to be related to Padé approximations and are recognized to be more and more accurate as the dimension increases. Interestingly, this modeling allows computing in an accurate manner the root locus of time‐delay systems. Furthermore, as a by‐product of this result, taking into account the infinite‐dimensional remainders to keep track of the initial time‐delay system, stability criteria are proposed by analysis. Considering both infinite‐dimensional remainders as bounded delay‐free uncertainties, the small‐gain theorem provides a new sufficient condition of stability for retarded time‐delay systems, which can be implemented as a delay‐dependent frequency‐sweeping test. Our results are illustrated on several academic examples.
Qualitatively different ways of unpacking visual representations when teaching intermolecular forces in upper secondary school
Authors: Patron Emelie , Linder Cedric , Wikman Susanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince visual representations play a particularly important role in the teaching and learning of chemistry, the exploration described in this article focuses on them. This is an explorative study of the qualitatively different ways that visual representations can be unpacked by Swedish upper secondary school chemistry teachers dealing with intermolecular forces. Unpacking is characterized as the ways that visual representations get used to open up the possibility of having the critical aspects and features of an intended object of learning being brought into focal awareness, initially on their own and then simultaneously. The analysis, which combines a phenomenographic and a social semiotic approach, leads to the characterizations of five qualitatively different ways that visual representations may be unpacked. These outcome categories are presented in terms of a conceptual hierarchy, where two of these ways of unpacking are characterized as being teacher‐centered and the other three as student‐centered. This leads to a case being made that if teachers use student‐centered ways of unpacking visual representations, then their students will be more likely to gain greater access to critical aspects and features of the enacted object of learning. We argue that in terms of making theoretical and practical contributions to the phenomenographic perspective on learning, the results can be used as a tool for researchers wishing to explore how visual representations can be used effectively in science education and also provide a useful basis for discussion in teacher education and in teacher professional development programs.
Learning to teach science during the clinical experience: Agency, opportunity, and struggle
Authors: Windschitl Mark , Lohwasser Karin , Tasker Tammy , Shim Soo‐Yean , Long Caroline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAgency has been used as a lens to focus on how educators learn through pedagogical risk‐taking, advocacy for curricular reform, and resisting policies that are not focused on the needs of students. We explored the role of agency as 65 preservice science teachers created learning opportunities for themselves during their clinical placements. Specifically, we investigated whether the types of agentive episodes varied by the level of congruence novices perceived between the vision of science teaching supported in their university coursework and the prevailing practices and culture of their host classrooms. Interview and survey data of participants from three preparation programs indicate that those in highly congruent placements experienced earlier and more mentor‐scaffolded opportunities to take on active roles in teaching, and exercised agency to extend research‐informed practices or tools they observed their mentors using. This resulted in participants seeing the richness of students' thinking and how capable they were of challenging work, given strategic supports. Those in low congruence placements had fewer chances to play active roles in teaching, were more likely to draw upon agency to make minor adjustments as they emulated their mentors' instructionally conservative lessons, and expressed concern they were “getting better” at aspects of teaching they viewed as inequitable or less responsive to students. Regardless of congruence, however, even simple acts of agency such as asking mentors to explain their instructional decisions were remarkably rare.
Sibling Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion is Safe in Young Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sun Jessica M. , Case Laura E. , Mikati Mohamad A. , Jasien Joan M. , McLaughlin Colleen , Waters-Pick Barbara , Worley Gordon , Troy Jesse , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Preclinical and early phase clinical studies suggest that an appropriately dosed umbilical cord blood (CB) infusion has the potential to help improve motor function in young children with cerebral palsy (CP). As many children with CP do not have their own CB available, use of allogeneic cells would extend access to this potentially beneficial therapy to more children. In this phase I, open-label study, 15 children, aged 1 to 6 years, with moderate to severe spastic CP were treated with a single intravenous infusion of allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched or partially matched sibling CB with a cell dose of ≥2.5 × 107 cells/kg based on the pre-cryopreservation count (median infused cell dose, 3.3 × 107; range, 1.8-5.2 × 107). There were a total of 49 adverse events (AEs) over a 2-year time period, but there were no AEs related to the CB infusions. Specifically, there were no acute infusion reactions and no antibody formation against platelets, red blood cells, or donor-specific HLA antigens. Donor cells were not detected in peripheral blood 6 months later. Six months after infusion, participants were assessed for response and experienced a mean ± SD increase of 4.7 ± 2.5 points on the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and 1 ± 2.9 points on the Peabody Gross Motor Quotient. Appropriately dosed, allogeneic partially or fully HLA-matched sibling CB infusion is well tolerated and potentially beneficial in young children with CP.
Interferometric 4D‐STEM for Lattice Distortion and Interlayer Spacing Measurements of Bilayer and Trilayer 2D Materials
Authors: Zachman Michael J. , Madsen Jacob , Zhang Xiang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Susi Toma , Chi Miaofang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVan der Waals materials composed of stacks of individual atomic layers have attracted considerable attention due to their exotic electronic properties that can be altered by, e.g., manipulating the twist angle of bilayer materials or the stacking sequence of trilayer materials. To fully understand and control the unique properties of these few‐layer materials, a technique that can provide information about their local in‐plane structural deformations, twist direction, and out‐of‐plane structure is needed. In principle, interference in overlap regions of Bragg disks originating from separate layers of a material encodes 3D information about the relative positions of atoms in the corresponding layers. Here, an interferometric 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy technique is described that utilizes this phenomenon to extract precise structural information from few‐layer materials with nm‐scale resolution. It is demonstrated how this technique enables measurement of local pm‐scale in‐plane lattice distortions as well as twist direction and average interlayer spacings in bilayer and trilayer graphene, and therefore provides a means to better understand the interplay between electronic properties and precise structural arrangements of few‐layer 2D materials.
A Polarization Boosted Strategy for the Modification of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Electrocatalysts for Water‐Splitting
Authors: Chen Guanyu , Zhang Chang , Xue Shuyan , Liu Jiwei , Wang Yizhe , Zhao Yunhao , Pei Ke , Yu Xuefeng , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design and fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of paramount significance for water‐splitting process. However, the limited active sites and restricted conductivity prevent their further application. Herein, a polarization boosted strategy is put forward for the modification of TMDs to promote the absorption of the intermediates, leading to the improved catalytic performance. By the forced assembly of TMDs (WS2 as the example) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via spray‐drying method, such frameworks can remarkably achieve low overpotentials and superior durability in alkaline media, which is superior to most of the TMDs‐based catalysts. The two‐electrode cell for water‐splitting also exhibits perfect activity and stability. The enhanced catalytic performance of WS2/CNTs composite is mainly owing to the strong polarized coupling between CNTs and WS2 nanosheets, which significantly promotes the charge redistribution on the interface of CNTs and WS2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the CNTs enrich the electron content of WS2, which favors electron transportation and accelerates the catalysis. Moreover, the size of WS2 is restricted caused by the confinement of CNTs, leading to the increased numbers of active sites, further improving the catalysis. This work opens a feasible route to achieve the optimized assembling of TMDs and CNTs for efficient water‐splitting process.
High‐Efficiency Anion‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Enabled by Ternary Layered Double Hydroxide Anode
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Jung Hyeonjung , Park Yoo Sei , Woo Seongwon , Yang Juchan , Jang Myeong Je , Jeong Jaehoon , Kwon Nayoung , Lim Byungkwon , Han Jeong Woo , Choi Sung Mook 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeveloping high‐efficiency and low‐cost oxygen‐evolving electrodes in anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis technology is one of the major challenges. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface corrosion of a conventional Ni foam electrode in the presence of Fe3+ and V3+ cations can transform it into an electrode with a high catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The corroded electrode consists of a ternary NiFeV layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet array supported on the Ni foam surface. This NiFeV LDH electrode achieves an OER current density of 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 272 mV in 1 m KOH, outperforming the IrO2 catalyst by 180 mV. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unique structure and the presence of vanadium in NiFeV LDH play a key role in achieving improved OER activity. When coupled with a commercial Pt/C cathode catalyst, the resulting AEM water electrolyzer achieves a cell current density as high as 2.1 A cm−2 at a voltage of only 1.8 Vcell in 1 m KOH, which is similar to the performance of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer obtained from the IrO2 and Pt/C catalysts pair.
A framework for modeling structural association among De‐Motivators of scaling agile
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Faisal , Ali Sikandar , Majeed Muhammad Faran , Khan Sohail , Khan Muzamil , Ullah Hamid , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Baseer Samad , Asshad Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsage of agile methods for software development has increased in recent times. Rapid delivery of software products is ensured by these methods with less expense and high user gratification. Application of these methods on a large scale causes many De‐Motivators or challenges as initially these methods were aimed at those developmental teams that worked on small scale. However, no effort has been made yet to hand out the various correlations among the challenges. To fill the space, the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach is used to reconnoiter the correlations among the De‐Motivators regarding Scaling Agile Software Development Methodologies (ASDM) from the management perspective. Creation of a framework for structural modeling association among the De‐Motivators is the aim of this study. To attain the goal, a hybrid methodology was applied based on a Systematic literature review (SLR), empirical survey, and ISM. First, we pointed out 15 De‐Motivators of Scaling ASDM from management perspectives through SLR study. Second, with the help of 59 experts from different countries, a questionnaire survey was conducted to empirically examine the correlations among the detected De‐Motivators. Further, correlations among the challenges are discovered with the usage of ISM through review of the panel, and they accomplish the categorization through CrossImpact Matrix Multiplication Applied Approach.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Functionalization Enabled by Bidentate Directing Groups
Authors: Jeon Jinwon , Lee Changseok , Park Inyoung , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChelation‐assisted C−H bond and alkene functionalization using bidentate directing groups offers an elegant and versatile approach to overcome regiocontrol issues by allowing the catalyst to come into close proximity with the targeted sites. In this personal account, we highlight our recent works in developing regio‐ and stereocontrolled functionalizations through transition‐metal catalysis enabled by bidentate directing groups. We classify our results into two categories: (1) regioselective alkene functionalization using bidentate directing groups, and (2) asymmetric C–H functionalization using chiral bidentate directing groups. Furthermore, density functional theory studies to elucidate the origin of the regio‐ and stereoselectivity exerted by bidentate directing groups are discussed.
Arthropods as potential vectors of African swine fever virus outbreaks in pig farms in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Yoon Hachung , Hong Seong‐Keun , Lee Ilseob , Choi Deuk‐Soo , Lee Jong‐Ho , Lee Eunesub , Wee Sung‐Hwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe seasonality of African swine fever (ASF) in the summers and outbreaks in farms with high biosecurity levels suggest that the ASF virus (ASFV) may be transmitted by arthropod vectors. Arthropods were collected in this study from 14 pig farms with ASF outbreaks in Korea in 2019 to explore the role of arthropods as potential ASFV vectors. A total of 28,729 arthropods, including 28,508 (99.2%) Diptera, were collected using blacklight traps, insect nets and yellow sticky strips. All arthropod samples were negative for ASFV genomic DNA according to laboratory tests using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. This result may reflect the effects of immediate control measures following the detection of farms with ASF outbreaks in the early phase of infection in Korea.
Long‐term trends of Nordic power market: A review
Authors: Chen Yi‐kuang , Hexeberg Anne , Rosendahl Knut Einar , Bolkesjø Torjus F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Nordic power system will play an important role in a future carbon‐neutral European power market. In this study, 43 scenarios in 15 Nordic power market outlooks published between 2016 and 2019 are reviewed. Most scenarios see high future power prices with substantial correlation with assumed gas and emission quota prices. The underlying uncertainties in gas and emission quota prices are passed on to future power prices. The power prices are well above the cost of wind power, indicating that the wind deployment is either underestimated or might be largely dependent on non‐market factors. The models used for the outlooks have limited sector coverage and trade‐offs are made between computational resources and complexity. A set of recommendations for future outlook publications are proposed based on this review experience. Moving towards a low‐carbon future, more attention should be put to the demand side, especially with increasing importance of sector coupling and electrification. Also, to assess the profound uncertainties in the energy transition period, techniques besides scenario analysis can be applied. Explicit assessments on impacts of emerging topics, such as social oppositions to particular technologies and increased awareness of sustainability indicators besides clean energy, will add values for long‐term decision making in the power markets. Last but not the least, best efforts of clarity and transparency should always be ensured.This article is categorized under:
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Community detection in complex networks: From statistical foundations to data science applications
Authors: Dey Asim K. , Tian Yahui , Gel Yulia R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying and tracking community structures in complex networks are one of the cornerstones of network studies, spanning multiple disciplines, from statistics to machine learning to social sciences, and involving even a broader range of application areas, from biology to politics to blockchain. This survey paper aims to provide an overview of some most popular approaches in statistical network community detection as well as the newly emerging research directions such as community extraction with higher‐order features and community discovery in multilayer and multiscale networks. Our goal is to offer a unified view at methodological interconnections and the wide spectrum of interdisciplinary data science applications of network community analysis.This article is categorized under:
Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Probing small-scale power spectra with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Lee Vincent S. H. , Mitridate Andrea , Trickle Tanner , Zurek Kathryn M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Models of Dark Matter (DM) can leave unique imprints on the Universe’s small scale structure by boosting density perturbations on small scales. We study the capability of Pulsar Timing Arrays to search for, and constrain, subhalos from such models. The models of DM we consider are ordinary adiabatic perturbations in ΛCDM, QCD axion miniclusters, models with early matter domination, and vector DM produced during inflation. We show that ΛCDM, largely due to tidal stripping effects in the Milky Way, is out of reach for PTAs. Axion miniclusters may be within reach, although this depends crucially on whether the axion relic density is dominated by the misalignment or string contribution. Models where there is matter domination with a reheat temperature below 1 GeV may be observed with future PTAs. Lastly, vector DM produced during inflation can be detected if it is lighter than 10−16 GeV. We also make publicly available a Python Monte Carlo tool for generating the PTA time delay signal from any model of DM substructure.
EFT diagrammatica: UV roots of the CP-conserving SMEFT
Authors: Bakshi Supratim Das , Chakrabortty Joydeep , Prakash Suraj , Rahaman Shakeel Ur , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) is an established theoretical framework that parametrises the impact a UV theory has on low-energy observables. Such parametrization is achieved by studying the interactions of SM fields encapsulated within higher mass dimensional (≥5) operators. Through judicious employment of the tools of EFTs, SMEFT has become a source of new predictions as well as a platform for conducting a coherent comparison of new physics (beyond Standard Model) scenarios. We, for the first time, are proposing a diagrammatic approach to establish selection criteria for the allowed heavy field representations corresponding to each SMEFT operator. We have elucidated the links of a chain connecting specific CP conserving dimension-6 SMEFT operators with unique sets of heavy field representations. The contact interactions representing each effective operator have been unfolded into tree- and (or) one-loop-level diagrams to reveal unique embeddings of heavy fields within them. For each case, the renormalizable vertices of a UV model serve as the building blocks for all possible unfolded diagrams. Based on this, we have laid the groundwork to construct observable-driven new physics models. This in turn also prevents us from making redundant analyses of similar models. While we have taken a predominantly minimalistic approach, we have also highlighted the necessity for non-minimal interactions for certain operators.