bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace‐element zoning patterns in porphyroblastic garnets in low‐T eclogites: Parameter optimization of the diffusion‐limited REE‐uptake model
Authors: Fukushima Ryo , Tsujimori Tatsuki , Aoki Shogo , Aoki Kazumasa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompositional zoning patterns of the major elements and REEs in prograde‐zoned garnets whose Mg/(Mg + Fe) atomic ratios increase rimward have been widely used to understand the metamorphic P–T–t trajectories, and the diffusion‐limited REE‐uptake model is a promising way to interpret their growth rates and the REE diffusion kinetics in the low‐temperature eclogite. In order to elucidate their growth kinetics with Skora et al.'s (2006) diffusion‐limited REE uptake model for prograde‐zoned garnets, we examine the trace‐element zoning patterns of two prograde‐zoned porphyroblastic garnets (~6 mm in size) in low‐temperature eclogites from two different localities. Core‐to‐rim trace‐element profiles in a garnet (prp5–9alm61–67sps1–3grs24–30) of a glaucophane‐bearing epidote eclogite of Syros (Cyclades, Greece) are characterized by the presence of Y + HREE peaks in the mantle, which might be attributed to a continuous breakdown of the titanite to form rutile during the garnet growth. In contrast, those in a garnet (prp4–7alm61–68sps3–10grs23–24) extracted from a lawsonite‐eclogite of the South Motagua Mélange (SMM) (Guatemala) have prominent central peaks of Y + HREEs. Although the REE profiles of both the garnets can be explained by the diffusion‐limited uptake, their Mn profiles suggest that their growth‐rate laws are different: i.e., diffusion‐controlled (Syros) and interface‐controlled (SMM). Prior to the model application, we optimize the number of the parameters as the garnet grows with the interface‐controlled processes based on the growth Péclet number. In particular, we propose the ratio of the REE diffusivity in the eclogitic matrix to the garnet growth rate as the new parameter. Visualizing the values of the new parameters allows to readily understand the relationship between the REE profiles and the REE‐diffusion/garnet‐growth kinetics in low‐T eclogite. Our model refinement leads to the simple quantitative characterization of core‐to‐rim REE profiles in garnet in low‐temperature eclogites.
Potential prebiotic functions of a characterised Ehretia macrophylla Wall. fruit polysaccharide
Authors: Xu Dan , Li Lin , Tang Xin , Chen Juncheng , Yan Wenbing , Wang Lei , Zhang Xia , Li Bing , Yao Hong 
Published: February 2021

SummaryEhretia macrophylla Wall. fruit (EWMF) is a common functional food in Hunan Province, China. However, the constituents involving in maintaining human health remain unclear. In this study, a EWMF polysaccharide (EWMFP) was purified and characterised. An in vitro fermentation model simulating human colon micro‐ecosystem was used to investigate the potential gut health effects in terms of microbiota diversity maintenance, microbial compositional shifts, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and SCFA precursors production. The results indicated that (i) EWMFP consists of 4 monosaccharides and the molecular weight is 12.45 KDa; (ii) EWMFP could better maintain microbiota diversity than inulin; (iii) compared with inulin, EWMFP could alter gut microbial compositions differently and produce higher concentration of butyrate at the end of fermentation; (iv) EWMFP and inulin might produce different compositions of SCFA in different pathways during fermentation. Our studies indicated that EWMFP could be a new potential prebiotic in regulating colonic health.
Saltiness perception related to salt release of surimi emulsified sausages: modulation in texture and microstructure by polysaccharides
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Feng Tingting , Xia Shuqin 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe effect of κ‐carrageenan (CG), high acyl gellan (HAG), xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) on the salt release and saltiness perception of surimi emulsified sausages was investigated. CG, LBG and XG significantly reduced the fracture strain to 62.62%, 58.56% and 58.23%, causing the formation of disintegrating gels. Microstructure observation showed that sausages with CG or LBG had porous structure, but the former formed an interpenetrating network and promoted hydrophobic interactions and the formation of disulphide bonds, while the latter was physically filled in the protein network. The maximum salt release was observed in the sausage with CG due to rapid salt diffusion from porous and interpenetrating network structure. Sensory analysis further proved that the saltiness perception of sausages was enhanced by CG. The present work provided an approach for salt reduction in sausages by facilitating salt release achieved by modulating the texture attributes and microstructure using polysaccharides.
Polar compounds: a quantitative indicator for life cycle assessment during protracted semi‐continuous deep fat frying simulation
Authors: Abdalla Brata , Christianti Isti , Wassell Paul 
Published: February 2021

SummaryTotal Polar Compound (TPC) analysis was used to evaluate fry life cycle of oils and shortenings with differing fatty acids compositions, and to understand if longer trisaturated material (Tribehenin), could influence total fry life, during protracted, semi‐continuous deep frying simulations. Results showed, when TPC reached 25% max, the TOTOX and FFA revealed correlated values. However, both FFA and Totox were deemed unreliable indicators of oil quality. TPCs were more acutely accurate, especially during oil filtration and top‐up procedures, where peak TPC onset showed stronger correlation for assessing oil degradation. Unsaturated frying oil, SBO (PUFA based), resulted with the shortest fry life of 132 fry‐cycles; POL (MUFA based) 138 fry‐cycles and MPS (MUFA based + Tribehenin) achieving up to 146 fry‐cycles, suggesting Tribehenin may apparently extend fry life longevity.
Pre‐analytical variables in haemostasis: Findings from the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment scheme for Blood Coagulation (UK NEQAS BC) haemolysis exercise
Authors: Brown Lilia , Jennings Ian , Kitchen Steve , Kitchen Dianne P. , Woods Tim A. L. , Walker Isobel D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionHaemolysis is considered one of the major contributors of nonconformities and sample rejection in coagulation testing.Materials and methodsTwo lyophilized plasmas were distributed to 800 centres registered for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and either Clauss fibrinogen or thrombin time (TT) in the UK NEQAS BC programme. The same pool of normal plasma was used to prepare both samples, to one of which red blood cell haemolysate was added to mimic haemolysis at 3 g/L haemoglobin concentration. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their laboratory approach to dealing with haemolysed samples, including strategies used to deal with different levels of haemolysis.ResultsResults for tests performed did not show great differences between the two samples. It should be noted that artificially constructed haemolysed samples may not behave in the same way as patient samples (ie, may not be commutable). However, the possibility of carrying out a large multicentre study for detection of haemolysis was demonstrated. Inconsistency in practice was observed with 226/551 (41%) of centres indicated they reject haemolysed samples solely on visual checks, and 163 (30%) using initial visual checks with further sample rejection evaluation by analyser flags. Furthermore, 333 (72%) of centres indicated that the level of haemolysis affects sample rejection decisions, while 132 (28%) stated it did not.ConclusionVariability of responses for dealing with haemolysed samples reflects a lack of clear consistency in the pre‐analytical area of sample processing.
Financial aid, remittances and their effect on relative deprivation in Rwanda
Authors: Warnaar Hester , Bilgili Özge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEconomic relative deprivation is increasingly recognized as an indication of economic well‐being, also among refugees. This study examines to what extent financial contributions (financial aid and remittances) can compensate for the objective and subjective relative deprivation of Congolese refugees compared to their Rwandan hosts. The analysis is conducted using unique data that have been collected with a UNHCR‐funded research project. We find that refugee households initially experience more objective and subjective relative deprivation than local households, but that this association is largely suppressed by financial contributions they receive. The results show that especially financial aid can compensate for relative deprivation. Furthermore, there is evidence that local households are more often exceptionally deprived than refugee households, when more rigid measurements of objective relative deprivation are used. To promote economic well‐being among the whole population, the needs of both refugees and locals should be considered when distributing financial and development assistance.
Effects of mechanochemical activation on the structural and electrical properties of orthorhombic LuFeO3 ceramics
Authors: Wang Zhi , Xiao Wenzhen , Zhang Junkang , Huang Jilong , Dong Mingyang , Yuan Haifeng , Xu Tongshuai , Shi Liran , Dai Yuqiang , Liu Qingqing , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrthorhombic LuFeO3 is an important member of rare‐earth orthoferrites ReFeO3 whose appealing physical features have drawn much attention due to its various potential applications. In this work, pure phase LuFeO3 ceramics have been prepared by a mechanochemical activation‐assisted solid‐state reaction (MAS) method and conventional solid‐state reaction (CSS) method for comparison. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated that the mechanochemical activation process can lower the starting reaction temperature and substantially shorten the time to complete the reaction of LuFeO3 ceramics. Besides, more homogeneous and highly denser LuFeO3 ceramics can be obtained using the MAS method revealed by the density measurement and Scanning Electron Microscopy. It was revealed by XRD and Raman measurements that there is a little increase in lattice constant in the MAS sample compared to the CSS sample. The complex impedance spectra illustrated that the MAS sample has a much higher resistance than the CSS sample, which is caused by the higher density and fewer oxygen vacancies verified by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We believe that this study will contribute to solving the common leakage problems in ReFeO3 ceramics and the investigation of its multiferroic properties.
Paediatric nursing clinical competences in primary healthcare: A systematic review
Authors: Laserna Jiménez Cristina , López Poyato Mireia , Casado Montañés Isabel , Guix‐Comellas Eva Maria , Fabrellas Núria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify and critically appraise the available evidence on paediatric nurses’ clinical competencies performed autonomously regarding disease prevention and health promotion activities for children and adolescents in primary healthcare worldwide.DesignA systematic review design in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement.Data sourcesThe search was conducted through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Web of Science and The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP (Ovid) databases. The grey literature was reviewed at OpenGrey. Additional studies were located through a references list of selected studies identified on first search.Review methodsDatabase search employed MeSH terms: (paediatric nursing) AND (primary healthcare) AND ((clinical skills) OR (clinical competences)). Studies published from inception to October 2019 exploring paediatric nurses' clinical competencies in primary healthcare were eligible for inclusion. No language restrictions were applied in the main search. Selection was made by two reviewers independently. Three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of included studies.ResultsEighteen studies were included from six countries. The most common nursing competencies independently performed identified and described in studies were Health education and advice, Child and adolescent health and development assessment, Immunizations and Child health checks.ConclusionStudies describe clinical competencies of nurses in children care. No consistent scientific evidence is available about clinical competencies of paediatric nurses performed autonomously in primary care.ImpactFew scientific studies identifying and assessing nurses' child primary healthcare skills were found and therefore recorded. Studies describe nurses' clinical skills in childhood, but results do not show firm consistency assessing their practice scope. Health policy‐makers should encourage the development of nurses' competencies if they wish to preserve quality and equity of healthcare services to children. Therefore, the first step is to identify the autonomous competencies of paediatric nurses in primary care.
Towards a new understanding of HIV‐related stigma in the era of efficient treatment‐ A qualitative reconceptualization of existing theory
Authors: Reinius Maria , Zeluf Andersson Galit , Svedhem Veronica , Wettergren Lena , Wiklander Maria , Eriksson Lars E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo further develop Earnshaw and Chaudoir's HIV stigma framework by describing the experiences of HIV‐related stigma among people living with viral suppression in a context where HIV is well controlled and to investigate how these experiences correspond to the stigma mechanisms of the framework.DesignQualitative study using interviews and a framework approach to analysis.MethodsPeople living with virally suppressed HIV in Sweden were recruited through an outpatient clinic and interviewed about their experiences of social aspects of living with HIV. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a framework approach.ResultsFifteen participants (eight women and seven men, aged 30–64 years) were interviewed from March to September 2017. They described stigma around HIV as a barrier in many situations. Anticipated and enacted stigma were found to be more complex than is described in the existing literature. Being labelled as a person with HIV was found to be an important and persistent part of the stigma experience. Disclosure was found to be context‐related and a result of a process of negotiating and weighing the relevance of disclosing HIV, perceiving HIV as a private matter and feeling a responsibility to disclose one's HIV status to others. An important reason for nondisclosure was to avoid being labelled with HIV, which would then become their most defining feature.ConclusionsThe HIV stigma framework could benefit from revision for people living with virally suppressed HIV.ImplicationsThe present findings, which indicate the role of health professionals in relation to disclosure and labelling, may guide nurses and other healthcare personnel in providing counselling and support for people who live with virally suppressed HIV and experience stigma.
The Cardiac Care Bridge randomized trial in high‐risk older cardiac patients: A mixed‐methods process evaluation
Authors: Verweij Lotte , Spoon Denise F. , Terbraak Michel S. , Jepma Patricia , Peters Ron J. G. , Scholte Op Reimer Wilma J. M. , Latour Corine H. M. , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate healthcare professionals' performance and treatment fidelity in the Cardiac Care Bridge (CCB) nurse‐coordinated transitional care intervention in older cardiac patients to understand and interpret the study results.DesignA mixed‐methods process evaluation based on the Medical Research Council Process Evaluation framework.MethodsQuantitative data on intervention key elements were collected from 153 logbooks of all intervention patients. Qualitative data were collected using semi‐structured interviews with 19 CCB professionals (cardiac nurses, community nurses and primary care physical therapists), from June 2017 until October 2018. Qualitative data‐analysis is based on thematic analysis and integrated with quantitative key element outcomes. The analysis was blinded to trial outcomes. Fidelity was defined as the level of intervention adherence.ResultsThe overall intervention fidelity was 67%, ranging from severely low fidelity in the consultation of in‐hospital geriatric teams (17%) to maximum fidelity in the comprehensive geriatric assessment (100%). Main themes of influence in the intervention performance that emerged from the interviews are interdisciplinary collaboration, organizational preconditions, confidence in the programme, time management and patient characteristics. In addition to practical issues, the patient's frailty status and limited motivation were barriers to the intervention.ConclusionAlthough involved healthcare professionals expressed their confidence in the intervention, the fidelity rate was suboptimal. This could have influenced the non‐significant effect of the CCB intervention on the primary composite outcome of readmission and mortality 6 months after randomization. Feasibility of intervention key elements should be reconsidered in relation to experienced barriers and the population.ImpactIn addition to insight in effectiveness, insight in intervention fidelity and performance is necessary to understand the mechanism of impact. This study demonstrates that the suboptimal fidelity was subject to a complex interplay of organizational, professionals' and patients' issues. The results support intervention redesign and inform future development of transitional care interventions in older cardiac patients.
The adaptation and feasibility of dialectical behaviour therapy for adults with intellectual developmental disabilities and transdiagnoses: A pilot community‐based randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jones Jessica , Blinkhorn Ashleigh , McQueen Meg , Hewett Laura , Mills‐Rogers Mary‐Jane , Hall Layla , Althagafi Lujain , Hudson Chloe , Gierc Madelaine , Wright Kristyn , Goettl Hannah , Keogh‐Lim Daniel , Rischke‐Peddle Alexis , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreliminary evidence suggests dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) may be beneficial for persons with intellectual disabilities. This pilot randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the feasibility of adapted DBT for adults with intellectual disabilities and co‐morbid psychiatric disorders in the community.MethodsAn adapted DBT programme (aDBT‐ID) was delivered to adults with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability (n = 20) and their caregivers (n = 20). A single‐blind, mixed‐methods design was employed with treatment (n = 10) and control (n = 10). In addition to feasibility, pre–post‐measures of emotional regulation, anger and mental health were taken from clients and caregivers.ResultsResults suggest it was feasible and beneficial to deliver adapted DBT in the community. Qualitative findings found both participants and caregivers were satisfied with the treatment delivery. No differences between conditions were found.ConclusionThis pilot study highlights the feasibility of adapted DBT for individuals with intellectual disabilities and the practicalities of delivering community‐based inclusive research.
The anti‐scientists bias: The role of feelings about scientists in COVID‐19 attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Sanchez Carmen , Dunning David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcross three studies, we investigated who expresses concern for COVID‐19, or coronavirus, and engages in behaviors that are consistent with slowing the spread of COVID‐19. In Studies 1 and 2 (n = 415, n = 199), those with warmer feelings toward scientists were more concerned and engaged in greater COVID‐preventative behaviors, regardless of partisanship. That is, an anti‐scientists bias was related to lessened concern and toward less preventive behaviors. Furthermore, those who were the most optimistic about hydroxychloroquine, a purported but unproven treatment against the virus, were less likely to engage in behaviors designed to decrease the spread of COVID‐19. In Study 3 (n = 259), asking participants to watch a scientist discuss hydroxychloroquine on Fox News led people to greater endorsement of COVID behaviors. In short, positive feelings toward scientists, rather than political attitudes or knowledge, related to who was concerned and those willing to engage in pandemic reducing behaviors. These behaviors were not immutable and can be changed by scientific out‐reach.
Estimation of economic value for efficiency and animal health and welfare traits, teat and udder structure, in Canadian Angus cattle
Authors: Devani Kajal , Quinton Cheryl D. , Archer Jason A. , Santos Bruno F. S. , Martin‐Collado Daniel , Amer Peter , Pajor Ed A. , Orsel Karin , Crowley John J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Canadian Angus Association recently developed genetic evaluations for teat and udder structure, which impact efficiencies, and animal health and welfare. Genetic selection tools are most effective incorporated into economic selection indexes. An important factor in the development of economic indexes is the estimation of the economic value and discounted gene expression coefficients, and thereby the economic weight, of each trait. Traditional estimation methods, interrogation of previous studies quantifying the impact of the traits and bioeconomic modelling, were reinforced using producer surveys that employed pairwise ranking methods. Estimates of discounted genetic expression coefficients, economic value and economic weight for teat and udder score in Canadian Angus cattle were 0.31 per sire, $52.47, and $16.91 per score change on a per calf born basis, respectively, indicating that functional traits such as teat and udder structure have a significant impact on profitability and should be included in genetic selection programmes. Limitations in previous studies illustrate the need for longitudinal studies on traits that impact efficiencies and animal health and welfare.