bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mit dem InAsPro-Transformationskonzept die Digitalisierung planen
Authors: Ehemann Tobias , Tafvizi Zavareh Mona , Göbel Jens C. , Dupont Stephanie , Zink Klaus J. , Siedler Carina , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMit dem Ziel, produzierende Unternehmen methodisch bei der Digitalisierung ihrer Arbeitssysteme zu unterstützen, wurde im BMBF-Verbundforschungsprojekt InAsPro (Integrierte Arbeitssystemgestaltung in digitalisierten Produktionsunternehmen) ein anwenderorientiertes, modulares Transformationskonzept entwickelt und in einer webbasierten IT-Anwendung, dem Digitalisierungsplaner, umgesetzt und öffentlich zugänglich gemacht. Kernbestandteile des Transformationskonzepts sind die vier Konzeptbausteine Reifegradmodell, Digitalisierungsstrategie, Technologieatlas und Digitalisierung des Arbeitssystems. Mithilfe dieses InAsPro-Transformationskonzepts können die Unternehmen ganzheitliche Digitalisierungszustände im Hinblick auf Technologie, Organisation und das eigentliche Arbeitssystem bestimmen und individualisierte Digitalisierungsstrategien, -lösungen und -umsetzungsmaßnahmen erarbeiten.
Gesundes mobiles Arbeiten mit digitalen Assistenzsystemen im technischen Service (ArdiAS)
Authors: Mecke Rüdiger , Adler Simon , Jachmann Daniel , Weigel Maria , Eichholz Steffen , Schmicker Sonja , Mewes Eric , Böckelmann Irina , Minow Annemarie , Bergmüller Annette 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungProduktbezogene Dienstleistungen sind wichtige Alleinstellungsmerkmale der deutschen Industrie im globalen Wettbewerb. Dazu zählt die professionelle Instandhaltung von komplexen Industrieanlagen. Das Servicepersonal ist bei dieser Tätigkeit mit hohen Anforderungen an technisches Know-how, Handlungskompetenz und Mobilität sowie daraus resultierenden physischen und psychischen Belastungen konfrontiert. Digitale Assistenzsysteme (AS) haben großes Potenzial zur Unterstützung der Beschäftigten und ermöglichen die Interaktion mit tätigkeitsrelevanten Informationen direkt am Arbeitsort. Diese Systeme müssen allerdings so beschaffen sein, dass sie echte Mehrwerte bieten und von den Anwendern akzeptiert werden. Das interdisziplinäre Projekt ArdiAS beschäftigte sich mit der Fragestellung, wie Assistenzsysteme zu gestalten sind, damit Beschäftigte im technischen Service bei ihrer Tätigkeit entlastet werden und der Arbeitsprozess effizienter abläuft.
Tabu efficient global optimization with applications in additive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Long , Allen Theodore T. , Groeber Michael A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMethods based on Gaussian stochastic process (GSP) models and expected improvement (EI) functions have been promising for box-constrained expensive optimization problems. These include robust design problems with environmental variables having set-type constraints. However, the methods that combine GSP and EI sub-optimizations suffer from the following problem, which limits their computational performance. Efficient global optimization (EGO) methods often repeat the same or nearly the same experimental points. We present a novel EGO-type constraint-handling method that maintains a so-called tabu list to avoid past points. Our method includes two types of penalties for the key “infill” optimization, which selects the next test runs. We benchmark our tabu EGO algorithm with five alternative approaches, including DIRECT methods using nine test problems and two engineering examples. The engineering examples are based on additive manufacturing process parameter optimization informed using point-based thermal simulations and robust-type quality constraints. Our test problems span unconstrained, simply constrained, and robust constrained problems. The comparative results imply that tabu EGO offers very promising computational performance for all types of black-box optimization in terms of convergence speed and the quality of the final solution.
Monte Carlo Tree Search as an intelligent search tool in structural design problems
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Winands Mark H. M. , Butenweg Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMonte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search technique that in the last decade emerged as a major breakthrough for Artificial Intelligence applications regarding board- and video-games. In 2016, AlphaGo, an MCTS-based software agent, outperformed the human world champion of the board game Go. This game was for long considered almost infeasible for machines, due to its immense search space and the need for a long-term strategy. Since this historical success, MCTS is considered as an effective new approach for many other scientific and technical problems. Interestingly, civil structural engineering, as a discipline, offers many tasks whose solution may benefit from intelligent search and in particular from adopting MCTS as a search tool. In this work, we show how MCTS can be adapted to search for suitable solutions of a structural engineering design problem. The problem consists of choosing the load-bearing elements in a reference reinforced concrete structure, so to achieve a set of specific dynamic characteristics. In the paper, we report the results obtained by applying both a plain and a hybrid version of single-agent MCTS. The hybrid approach consists of an integration of both MCTS and classic Genetic Algorithm (GA), the latter also serving as a term of comparison for the results. The study’s outcomes may open new perspectives for the adoption of MCTS as a design tool for civil engineers.
Touristisch geprägte Klein- und Mittelstädte
Authors: Frieser Anna , Hilpert Markus 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungKleinere Städte außerhalb der Ballungsräume, die in besonderem Maße für Touristen und Besucher interessant sind, sehen sich vielfältigen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt. Dazu zählen beispielsweise Interessenskonflikte zwischen Besuchern und Bewohnern, erhöhtes Verkehrsaufkommen auf engem Raum oder saisonale Schwankungen der Einkommensbasis. Während für ländliche Urlaubsdestinationen wie auch für touristisch geprägte Großstädte bereits zahlreiche Studien und Untersuchungen vorliegen, wurden die spezifischen Anforderungen an Klein- und Mittelstädte mit hohem Tourismusaufkommen bislang kaum von Politik und Wissenschaft thematisiert. Im Rahmen eines Kooperationsprojektes zwischen der Universität Augsburg und der Industrie- und Handelskammer für Schwaben (IHK) wurden daher die spezifischen Probleme und Chancen solcher Standorte identifiziert und verallgemeinerbare Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt.
Molecular epidemiological characteristics of echovirus 6 in mainland China: extensive circulation of genotype F from 2007 to 2018
Authors: Cheng Wenjun , Ji Tianjiao , Zhou Shuaifeng , Shi Yong , Jiang Lili , Zhang Yong , Yan Dongmei , Yang Qian , Song Yang , Cai Ru , Xu Wenbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEchovirus 6 (E6) is associated with various clinical diseases and is frequently detected in environmental sewage. Despite its high prevalence in humans and the environment, little is known about its molecular phylogeography in mainland China. In this study, 114 of 21,539 (0.53%) clinical specimens from hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases collected between 2007 and 2018 were positive for E6. The complete VP1 sequences of 87 representative E6 strains, including 24 strains from this study, were used to investigate the evolutionary genetic characteristics and geographical spread of E6 strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 nucleotide sequence divergence showed that, globally, E6 strains can be grouped into six genotypes, designated A to F. Chinese E6 strains collected between 1988 and 2018 were found to belong to genotypes C, E, and F, with genotype F being predominant from 2007 to 2018. There was no significant difference in the geographical distribution of each genotype. The evolutionary rate of E6 was estimated to be 3.631 × 10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1 (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 3.2406 × 10-3-4.031 × 10-3 substitutions site-1 year-1) by Bayesian MCMC analysis. The most recent common ancestor of the E6 genotypes was traced back to 1863, whereas their common ancestor in China was traced back to around 1962. A small genetic shift was detected in the Chinese E6 population size in 2009 according to Bayesian skyline analysis, which indicated that there might have been an epidemic around that year.
External validity of phase III trials on vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to a middle-aged and elderly Western European population
Authors: Terzikhan Natalie , Hofman Albert , Goudsmit Jaap , Ikram Mohammad Arfan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInitial results from various phase-III trials on vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are promising. For proper translation of these results to clinical guidelines, it is essential to determine how well the general population is reflected in the study populations of these trials. This study was conducted among 7162 participants (age-range: 51–106 years; 58% women) from the Rotterdam Study. We quantified the proportion of participants that would be eligible for the nine ongoing phase-III trials. We further quantified the eligibility among participants at high risk to develop severe COVID-19. Since many trials were not explicit in their exclusion criterion with respect to ‘acute’ or ‘unstable preexisting’ diseases, we performed two analyses. First, we included all participants irrespective of this criterion. Second, we excluded persons with acute or ‘unstable preexisting’ diseases. 97% of 7162 participants was eligible for any trial with eligibility for separate trials ranging between 11–97%. For high-risk individuals the corresponding numbers were 96% for any trial with separate trials ranging from 5–96%. Importantly, considering persons ineligible due to ‘acute’ or ‘unstable pre-existing’ disease drastically dropped the eligibilities for all trials below 43% for the total population and below 36% for high-risk individuals. The eligibility for ongoing vaccine trials against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce by half depending on interpretation and application of a single unspecified exclusion criterion. This exclusion criterion in our study would especially affect the elderly and those with pre-existing morbidities. These findings thus indicate the difficulty as well as importance of developing clinical recommendations for vaccination and applying these to the appropriate target populations. This becomes especially paramount considering the fact that many countries worldwide have initiated their vaccination programs by first targeting the elderly and most vulnerable persons.
New general mixed-integer linear programming model for mobile workforce management
Authors: Éles András , Heckl István , Cabezas Heriberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA mathematical model is introduced to solve a mobile workforce management problem. In such a problem there are a number of tasks to be executed at different locations by various teams. For example, when an electricity utility company has to deal with planned system upgrades and damages caused by storms. The aim is to determine the schedule of the teams in such a way that the overall cost is minimal. The mobile workforce management problem involves scheduling. The following questions should be answered: when to perform a task, how to route vehicles—the vehicle routing problem—and the order the sites should be visited and by which teams. These problems are already complex in themselves. This paper proposes an integrated mathematical programming model formulation, which, by the assignment of its binary variables, can be easily included in heuristic algorithmic frameworks. In the problem specification, a wide range of parameters can be set. This includes absolute and expected time windows for tasks, packing and unpacking in case of team movement, resource utilization, relations between tasks such as precedence, mutual exclusion or parallel execution, and team-dependent travelling and execution times and costs. To make the model able to solve larger problems, an algorithmic framework is also implemented which can be used to find heuristic solutions in acceptable time. This latter solution method can be used as an alternative. Computational performance is examined through a series of test cases in which the most important factors are scaled.
Solar drying of granulated waste blends for dry biofuel production
Authors: Wzorek Małgorzata 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the paper, results of drying biofuels from sewage sludge using solar energy are presented. Drying rates of biofuels made from sewage sludge and coal slime (PBS), sewage sludge and meat and bone meal (PBM), and sewage sludge and sawdust (PBT) with 15-mm and 35-mm granule particle size were studied. Tests were performed in a solar greenhouse dryer equipped with a specially designed mixing system. Experiments were aimed at determining the drying time of biofuels under various weather conditions in the southwestern part of Poland. In summer, in order to determine the best conditions for drying, tests were performed using various parameters, i.e., layers of various thickness, such as 5, 10, and 20 cm, and various mixing intensity (no mixing, mixing 3 and 5 times/day). In spring and the fall, 10-cm thick layers combined with 5 times mixing of fuels per day were used. The performed tests demonstrated that it is beneficial to dry fuels in 10-cm thick layer. In spring and the fall, PBS and PBM biofuels laid out in layers with just such thickness showed moisture content reduced to less than 10% after 8 days, while the PBT biofuel reached the same level after 14 days. In summer, the same result may be obtained for all the biofuels after 4 days on average. The presented original method of solar drying of biofuels obtained from sewage sludge and other waste may be used in wastewater treatment plants which process sewage sludge into fuels without incurring any additional costs for supplying heat.
Microseismic event detection in large heterogeneous velocity models using Bayesian multimodal nested sampling
Authors: Das Saptarshi , Hobson Michael P. , Feroz Farhan , Chen Xi , Phadke Suhas , Goudswaard Jeroen , Hohl Detlef 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In passive seismic and microseismic monitoring, identifying and characterizing events in a strong noisy background is a challenging task. Most of the established methods for geophysical inversion are likely to yield many false event detections. The most advanced of these schemes require thousands of computationally demanding forward elastic-wave propagation simulations. Here we train and use an ensemble of Gaussian process surrogate meta-models, or proxy emulators, to accelerate the generation of accurate template seismograms from random microseismic event locations. In the presence of multiple microseismic events occurring at different spatial locations with arbitrary amplitude and origin time, and in the presence of noise, an inference algorithm needs to navigate an objective function or likelihood landscape of highly complex shape, perhaps with multiple modes and narrow curving degeneracies. This is a challenging computational task even for state-of-the-art Bayesian sampling algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting multiple microseismic events in a strong noise background using Bayesian inference, in particular, the Multimodal Nested Sampling (MultiNest) algorithm. The method not only provides the posterior samples for the 5D spatio-temporal-amplitude inference for the real microseismic events, by inverting the seismic traces in multiple surface receivers, but also computes the Bayesian evidence or the marginal likelihood that permits hypothesis testing for discriminating true vs. false event detection.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of migrants to Ireland presenting with a first episode of psychosis
Authors: O’Donoghue B. , Sexton S. , Lyne J. P. , Roche E. , Mifsud N. , Brown E. , Renwick L. , Behan C. , Clarke M. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:When presenting with a first episode of psychosis (FEP), migrants can have different demographic and clinical characteristics to the native-born population and this was examined in an Irish Early Intervention for Psychosis service.Methods:All cases of treated FEP from three local mental health services within a defined catchment area were included. Psychotic disorder diagnoses were determined using the SCID and symptom and functioning domains were measured using validated and reliable measures.Results:From a cohort of 612 people, 21.1% were first-generation migrants and there was no difference in the demographic characteristics, diagnoses, symptoms or functioning between migrants and those born in the Republic of Ireland, except that migrants from Africa presented with less insight. Of those admitted, 48.6% of admissions for migrants were involuntary compared to 37.7% for the native-born population (p = 0.09).Conclusions:First-generation migrants now make up a significant proportion of people presenting with a FEP to an Irish EI for psychosis service. Broadly the demographic and clinical characteristics of migrants and those born in the Republic of Ireland are similar, except for less insight in migrants from Africa and a trend for a higher proportion of involuntary admissions in the total migrant group.
“Fraternal” Other: Negotiating Ethnic and Religious Identities at a Muslim Sacred Site in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Harmanşah Rabia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article shows how everyday religious practices inform the processes of social identification, complicate presumed ethno-religious categories, and mediate local cultural differences in face of political and cultural hegemonic practices. In the context of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a de facto state recognized only by Turkey, Turkish Cypriots and Turks are considered to share an ethnicity and religion. This “overlap” has been employed to justify Turkey’s military intervention and its political, economic, and cultural domination over the island. Yet the cultural diversities and “perceived” differences between and among these groups are exacerbated by power dynamics, nationalist agendas, and mutual biases. The article explains subtle discussions around “genuine” Turkish and Muslim identities, as well as the enforced coexistence and constructed brotherhood of Cypriots and Turks on the island. The competing accounts of the “correct” interpretation of Islam at a Muslim tekke reflect intragroup power asymmetries and the conflict between institutionalized Sunni-Orthodox and “heterodox” local Islam. The article focuses on two overlooked issues in the scholarship on Northern Cyprus—the relations between Turkish Cypriots and settlers from Turkey, and the role of religion in the political processes—as well as on literature on shared sacred sites and an analysis of competitive intracommunal interactions.
Functional disability and the role of children in U.S. older adults’ core discussion networks
Authors: Schafer Markus H. , Upenieks Laura 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study considered the role of adult children in the core networks of U.S. older adults with varying levels of functional health. Taking a multidimensional perspective of the ego network system, we considered (a) presence of child(ren) in the network, (b) contact with children network members, and (c) embeddedness of children within the network. We observed older parents from three waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). The common ‘important matters’ name generator was used to construct egocentric network variables, while self-reported difficulty with activities of daily life was used to measure disablement transitions. Parameters were estimated with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Though child turnover was common in parents’ core networks, there was no evidence linking disablement transitions to systematic forms of child reshuffling. Children that remained in parents’ networks, however, showed increased contact with parents and with other members of the network when the parent underwent disability progression. Disability onset was not significantly linked to either outcome. There was limited evidence of gender variation in these patterns. Overall, results strengthen the view that children are distinctive members of older adults’ core networks. Further, the role of adult children shifts most noticeably at advanced stages of the disablement process.
Guidance for Health Risk Assessment at Recurrent Mass Gatherings: The Jeddah Tool Framework
Authors: Bieh Kingsley L. , Khan Anas , El-Ganainy Ahmed , Alotaibi Badriah , Ghallab Sujoud , Abdulmalek Nour , Mukhtar Nomai , Jokhdar Hani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA wide range of natural and man-made hazards increases the health risks at mass gatherings (MGs). Building on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (H-EDRM) framework to strengthen preparedness, response, and recovery from health emergencies in the communities and emergency-prone settings, such as MGs. The Jeddah tool is derived from the H-EDRM framework as an all-hazard MG risk assessment tool, which provides a benchmark for monitoring progress made in capacity strengthening over a given period for recurrent MGs. Additionally, it introduces a reputational risk assessment domain to complement vulnerability and capacity assessment matrixes. This paper describes the key elements of the Jeddah tool to improve the understanding of health risk assessment at MGs in the overarching contexts of health emergencies and disaster risk reduction, in line with international goals.
Bactrian χϸονο ‘(calendar) year, (regnal) year’
Authors: SCARBOROUGH MATTHEW J. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since H. Humbach's Baktrische Sprachdenkmäler (Wiesbaden, 1966) the main etymological proposal for Bactrian χϸονο ‘(calendar) year, (regnal) year’ has been A. Thierfelder's suggestion of a loanword from Hellenistic Greek χρόνος ‘time’. In this article the plausibility of this etymology is re-examined, and it is further argued that it should be rejected on the grounds that the formal phonological differences between the potential Hellenistic Greek source form and its presumable loan-adaptation form in Bactrian are inconsistent with what is known of Bactrian diachronic phonology.