bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encoding Collective Knowledge, Instructing Data Reusers: The Collaborative Fixation of a Digital Scientific Data Set
Authors: Hoeppe Götz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article provides a novel perspective on the use and reuse of scientific data by providing a chronological ethnographic account and analysis of how a team of researchers prepared an astronomical catalogue (a table of measured properties of galaxies) for public release. Whereas much existing work on data reuse has focused on information about data (such as metadata), whose form or lack has been described as a hurdle for reusing data successfully, I describe how data makers tried to instruct users through the processed data themselves. The fixation of this catalogue was a negotiation, resulting in what was acceptable to team members and coherent with the diverse data uses pertinent to their completed work. It was through preparing their catalogue as an ‘instructing data object’ that this team seeked to encode its members’ knowledge of how the data were processed and to make it consequential for users by devising methodical ways to structure anticipated uses. These methods included introducing redundancies that would help users to self-correct mistaken uses, selectively deleting data, and deflecting accountability through making notational choices. They dwell on an understanding of knowledge not as exclusively propositional (such as the belief in propositions), but as embedded in witnessable activities and the products of these activities. I discuss the implications of this account for philosophical notions of collective knowledge and for theorizing coordinative artifacts in CSCW. Eventually, I identify a tension between ‘using algorithms’ and ‘doing science’ in preparing data sets and show how it was resolved in this case.
The relation of master and disciple against the background of Józef M. Bocheński’s logic of authority
Authors: Kubalica Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this article is to apply Józef M. Bocheński’s logic of authority to a key interpersonal relation of philosophical interest: the master–disciple relation. The present research addresses the problem of philosophical authority in terms of the assumptions of the logic of authority and its consequences for philosophical historiographical research and verifies the claims of the logic of authority in this respect. The analyses show that, in the field of philosophy, the axiological authority of the master plays a fundamental role and is not limited solely to epistemic or deontic authority.
Host–Kra theory for -systems and multiple recurrence
Authors: SHALOM OR 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet$\mathcal {P}$be an (unbounded) countable multiset of primes (that is, every prime may appear multiple times) and let$G=\bigoplus _{p\in \mathcal {P}}\mathbb {F}_p$. We develop a Host–Kra structure theory for the universal characteristic factors of an ergodicG-system. More specifically, we generalize the main results of Bergelson, Tao and Ziegler [An inverse theorem for the uniformity seminorms associated with the action of$\mathbb {F}_p^\infty $.Geom. Funct. Anal.19(6) (2010), 1539–1596], who studied these factors in the special case$\mathcal {P}=\{p,p,p,\ldots \}$for some fixed primep. As an application we deduce a Khintchine-type recurrence theorem in the flavor of Bergelson, Tao and Ziegler [Multiple recurrence and convergence results associated to$F_p^\omega $-actions.J. Anal. Math.127(2015), 329–378] and Bergelson, Host and Kra [Multiple recurrence and nilsequences.Invent. Math.160(2) (2005), 261–303, with an appendix by I. Ruzsa].
Amazon river dolphinsInia geoffrensisare on the path to extinction in the heart of their range
Authors: Martin A. R. , da Silva V. M. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRiverine cetaceans are threatened globally by increasing anthropogenic impacts, and the Yangtze river dolphinLipotes vexilliferis already extinct. The Amazon river dolphinInia geoffrensisis widely distributed, but is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Drowning in gillnets and being hunted for fish bait are probably the main causes of its decline. A long-term (25-year) study of the biology and ecology ofI. geoffrensisin and near the Mamirauá Reserve in Amazonas state, Brazil, has produced estimates of survival and reproductive rates based on the individual recognition of > 650 animals. Concurrently, monthly standardized counts of dolphins along a fixed transect in the Reserve over 22 years demonstrated a sustained, profound decline. In this study we tested whether the measured rate of population decline is consistent with population parameters estimated from independent data, using population viability analysis. With the known parameters as input, programmeVortexpredicted population extinction in all scenarios and a 95% loss of dolphins within 50 years. With default parameters, the model predicted a 5.5% annual decline, which is consistent with that observed. We conclude that the Amazon river dolphin population is in severe decline because of human pressures, even in one of the better protected parts of its range. Unless the accidental and deliberate killing of this species is rapidly reduced, it is highly likely that the Amazon river dolphin will follow its Yangtze counterpart to extinction.
American music writing: an unruly history
Authors: Weisbard Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPopular music writing has made for strange colleagues and quickly lost legacies. I want to sketch some of them and suggest how they continue to influence the US version of popular music studies, arguably more so in our moment than in the previous period that codified an academic approach. I'll be anecdotal, alive to particulars of language, affiliation, method and form rather than attempting a quantification. Ranging from William Billings in 1770 to Daphne Brooks in 2021, I'll explore how such key framings as vernacular, sentimental and literary have shaped the nature of books on song. My hope is that, in synthesizing the larger history, I can suggest why so often this work could be characterized as, to use one of Robert Palmer's favourite words, unruly.
Practical and Intrinsic Predictability of Wave‐Convection Coupled Bands Over Southern China
Authors: Du Yu , Zhang Fuqing , Sun Y. Qiang , Wei Junhong , Li Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe practical and intrinsic predictability of wave‐convection coupled bands that occurred near the south coast of China on January 30, 2018 lasting nearly 10 hr are investigated through convection‐permitting ensembles and relevant sensitivity experiments. Although almost all 20‐member ensembles can capture the wavelike pattern of convective bands, their wavelength and period vary among the ensembles. The GOOD and POOR runs are further conducted and initialized using the composite of initial conditions from good and poor members selected based on the performance of the simulated wave characteristics. Both the GOOD and POOR runs exhibit wave ducting structures for gravity waves, but the GOOD run tends to have higher precipitable water over the land, which results in a more evident wave pattern of convective bands on land in the GOOD run. Their differences in precipitable water are mainly attributed to the differences in the initial conditions of humidity and temperature at low‐middle levels. The practical predictability depends on the correct initial state in terms of thermodynamics, and to a lesser degree on physical parameterizations. To further explore their intrinsic predictability, a series of sensitivity experiments were performed with the linear weighted initial conditions from the GOOD and POOR runs. The pattern of wave‐convection coupled bands is generally predictable (forecast lead time <∼12 hr) but their phase (the exact location of each band) has an intrinsic predictability barrier even with minute initial perturbations due to the rapid small‐scale error growth associated with gravity waves and moist convection.
Production and immobilization of β-glucanase from Aspergillus niger with its applications in bioethanol production and biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: El-Shora Hamed M. , El-Sharkawy Reyad M. , Khateb Aiah M. , Darwish Doaa B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstractβ-Glucanase has received great attention in recent years regarding their potential biotechnological applications and antifungal activities. Herein, the specific objectives of the present study were to purify, characterize and immobilize β-glucanase from Aspergillus niger using covalent binding and cross linking techniques. The evaluation of β-glucanase in hydrolysis of different lignocellulosic wastes with subsequent bioethanol production and its capability in biocontrol of pathogenic fungi was investigated. Upon nutritional bioprocessing, β-glucanase production from A. niger EG-RE (MW390925.1) preferred ammonium nitrate and CMC as the best nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. The soluble enzyme was purified by (NH4)2SO4, DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G200 with 10.33-fold and specific activity of 379.1 U/mg protein. Tyrosyl, sulfhydryl, tryptophanyl and arginyl were essential residues for enzyme catalysis. The purified β-glucanase was immobilized on carrageenan and chitosan with appreciable yield. However, the cross-linked enzyme exhibited superior activity along with remarkable improved thermostability and operational stability. Remarkably, the application of the above biocatalyst proved to be a promising candidate in liberating the associate lignocellulosic reducing sugars, which was utilized for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purified β-glucanase revealed an inhibitory effect on the growth of two tested phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium digitatum.
Trends of new-onset psychosis or mania in psychiatric emergency departments during the COVID19 pandemic: a longitudinal comparative study
Authors: Segev Aviv , Hirsch-Klein Efrat , Kotz Gershon , Kamhi-Nesher Shiri , Halimi Shikma , Qashu Khalil , Schreiber Ephraim , Krivoy Amir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID19 infection was associated with possible psychiatric manifestations, including psychosis and mania. In addition, psychiatric disorders might be triggered by severe psychological reactions to the pandemic or the measures taken to contain it. This study aimed to assess the trends of new-onset psychosis/mania during the pandemic timeline. Psychiatric emergency department records during January-July 2019 and 2020 of two regional mental health centers were manually examined. Cases of new-onset psychosis or mania were found in 326 out of 5161 records examined. The ratio of these cases increased by 45.5% in 2020 compared to 2019 (189 out of 2367, 137 out of 2479, respectively, p = 0.001). The peak increase was in April 2020 (9.4% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.015). There was no association between the rise of new-onset psychotic or manic episodes and national incidence of COVID19 cases, as observed during Israel 2nd wave. PCR tests were negative, except a single case. In this study, an increase in new-onset psychosis/mania was identified during the initial phase of the pandemic. Though causality could not be directly inferred, lack of infection symptoms, negative PCR testing and temporal distribution incongruent with COVID19 caseload did not support a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2. Alternative explanations are discussed, such as psychological reaction to stress and preventive measures, as well as case-shifting between different mental health settings.
Liver disease severity predicts carcinogenesis of dysplastic liver nodules in cirrhosis
Authors: Gazelakis Kathryn , Majeed Ammar , Kemp William , Di Muzio Bruno , Gerstenmaier Jan , Cheung Wa , Roberts Stuart K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile dysplastic liver nodules in cirrhosis are pre-malignant, little is known about the predictors of hepatocarcinogenesis of these lesions. This was a retrospective observational study of subjects with cirrhosis who had at least one hypervascular, non-malignant intrahepatic nodule on imaging while undergoing outpatient management by a tertiary hepatology referral centre between Jan 2009 and Jan 2019. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. The primary endpoint was transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as determined by Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. During the study period, 163 non-malignant hypervascular nodules were identified in 77 patients; 147 had at least 6 months of follow up imaging and 16 received upfront radiofrequency ablation upon detection. During a median follow up of 38.5 months (IQR 16.5–74.5), 25 (17%) of the 147 hypervascular nodules being monitored transformed to HCC. On multivariate analysis, Child–Pugh grade was found to be the only independent predictor of nodule transformation into HCC (p = 0.02). Those with Child–Pugh B and C liver disease had a 10.1 (95% CI 1.22–83.8; p = 0.03) and 32.6-fold (95% CI 2.3–467; p = 0.01) increased risk respectively for HCC transformation compared to Child–Pugh A subjects. This large, single centre study demonstrates that around 20% of dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic patients undergo hepatocarcinogenesis during follow up, and that Child Pugh grade is the only independent predictor of transformation to HCC. Additional prospective studies are warranted to better understand the risk profile of these nodules, and how best they should be managed.
Band structure analysis of the magneto-optical effect in bcc Fe
Authors: Stejskal Ondřej , Veis Martin , Hamrle Jaroslav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagneto-optical effects are among the basic tools for characterization of magnetic materials. Although these effects are routinely calculated by the ab initio codes, there is very little knowledge about their origin in the electronic structure. Here, we analyze the magneto-optical effect in bcc Fe and show that it originates in avoided band-crossings due to the spin-orbit interaction. Therefore, only limited number of bands and k-points in the Brillouin zone contribute to the effect. Furthermore, these contributions always come in pairs with opposite sign but they do not cancel out due to different band curvatures providing different number of contributing reciprocal points. The magneto-optical transitions are classified by the dimensionality of the manifold that is formed by the hybridization of the generating bands as one- or two-dimensional, and by the position relative to the magnetization direction as parallel and perpendicular. The strongest magneto-optical signal is provided by two-dimensional parallel transitions.
Fully integrated wideband phased array with large scan range and 5:1 bandwidth
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Liang , Qu Shi‐Wei , Xia Ming‐Yao , Yang Shi‐Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, a fully integrated phased array using multi‐layer printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication technologies is presented. This array is directly fed by 50 Ω coaxial cables, without balanced‐to‐unbalanced transitions. An asymmetric dipole is used to achieve stable input impedance. Furthermore, to broaden the operating bandwidth, a coupling patch is designed beneath the asymmetric dipole , which also eliminates the common‐mode resonance and decreases the array profile. In addition, three wide‐angle impedance matching (WAIM) layers with different structures are utilised to improve the scan range in all scanning planes. Infinite array simulations indicate that the proposed array can operate over a 5.1:1 bandwidth (2.4 ∼ 12.2 GHz) with an active voltage standing wave ratio below 3 while scanning up to ± 60° in H plane and ±75° in the E plane. Furthermore, the proposed antenna, whose cross‐polarization levels remain below −35 and −7.5 dB when scanning up to 75° in the E plane and 60° in the D plane, demonstrates the merits of high polarization purity. Array simulations are verified by the measurements of a 12 × 12 prototype, and good agreement is observed.
Endocuff Vision improves adenoma detection rate in a large screening-related cohort
Authors: Forbes Nauzer , Hilsden Robert J. , Ruan Yibing , Poirier Abbey E. , O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Craig Kyla M. , Kerrison Diana , Brenner Darren R. , Heitman Steven J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endocuff Vision (ECV) increases adenoma detection rate (ADR) in randomized clinical trials; however, observational effectiveness data are lacking. We evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and practical aspects of ECV use in a large screening-related real-world cohort.
Patients and methods In this observational study, patients undergoing screening-related colonoscopy from November 2018 to April 2019 comprised the baseline period, and those undergoing it from June to November 2019 comprised the ECV period, where ECV use was discretionary. The primary outcome was ADR, compared: 1) between ECV use and standard colonoscopy across both periods; and 2) between time periods. Secondary outcomes included indication-specific ADR, sessile serrated ADR (SSADR), cecal intubation rate (CIR), procedure times, patient comfort scores, and sedation use. Multilevel logistic regression was performed, yielding adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
Results In 15,814 colonoscopies across both time periods, ADR was 46.7 % with standard colonoscopy and 54.6 % when ECV was used (P < 0.001). Endoscopists used ECV in 77.6 % of procedures in the ECV period, during which overall ADR rose to 53.2 % compared to 46.3 % in the baseline period (P < 0.001). ECV use was significantly associated with higher ADR (AOR 1.24, 95 % CI 1.10 to 1.40) after adjusting for relevant covariates including time period. ECV use did not result in lower CIR, longer procedure time, increased sedation use, or poorer comfort scores.
Conclusions ECV use is associated with improved ADR without negatively impacting other key procedure and patient-related factors. Future studies should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of incorporating ECV into routine screening-related practice.
Disentangling interlocking regimes in the biographies of migrant mothers with tertiary education
Authors: Romens Anne-Iris 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Migrant mothers with tertiary education face significant challenges to accessing working positions commensurate with their studies. Although it is well known that motherhood influences women’s career and job outcomes, its impact on the professional trajectories of migrant women with tertiary education remains understudied. The paper proposes to fill this gap and argues that the intersection between regimes – particularly those of migration, care, and gender – conditions employment opportunities and shapes the trajectories of migrant mothers with tertiary education. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Veneto, Italy, and Alsace, France, that included fifty interviews, out of which four portraits of migrant mothers with tertiary education were selected to analyse the intersection between regimes and its impact on professional trajectories.
Full treatment of the proton radiography technique for laser-driven capacitor-coil targets
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxia , Zhou Cangtao , Zhang Hua , Zhong Jiayong , Han Bo , Sun Wei , Wang Jianzhao , Zhou Weimin , Zhang Bo , Lu Feng , Wang Chen , Xiong Jun , Cao Leifeng , Gu Yuqiu , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ultrafast proton radiography has been frequently used for direct measurement of the electromagnetic fields around laser-driven capacitor-coil targets. The goal is to accurately infer the coil currents and their magnetic field generation for a robust magnetic field source that can lead to many applications. The technique often involves numerical calculations for synthetic proton images to reproduce experimental measurements. While electromagnetic fields are the primary source for proton deflections around the capacitor coils, stopping power and small angle deflection can also contribute to the observed experimental features. Here we present a comprehensive study of the proton radiography technique including all sources of proton deflections as a function of coil shapes, current magnitudes, and proton energies. Good agreements were achieved between experimental data and numerical calculations that include both the stopping power and small angle deflections, particularly when the induced coil currents were small.
Predictive multi-channel integrated modeling of a reversed magnetic shear H-mode discharge with internal transport barrier in EAST
Authors: Shi Shengyu , Chen Jiale , Bourdelle Clarisse , Jian Xiang , Wu Mingfu , Zhang Tao , Qian Jinping , Garofalo Andrea M. , Gao Xiang , Wan Yuanxi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A reversed magnetic shear high plasma performance H-mode discharge with internal transport barrier (ITB) has been realized and modeled on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) in deuterium (D) plasmas with an ITER-like tungsten (W) upper divertor. In this shot (#71326), the dimensionless parameter G (

H

89

β

N

/

q

95

2

) can reach to 0.25 (H
89 ⩽ 2, β
N ⩽ 2, q
95 ∼ 4, I
p ⩽ 450 kA, B
T ⩽ 1.6 T). The ITB has been observed in the channels of particle (electron density n
e), electron and ion temperature (T
e and T
i) and toroidal rotation velocity (V
t). However, in the formation process of V
t and n
e ITBs, the heavy impurities accumulate in the core plasmas, which may be one of the most important reasons for the limitation of the improvement of plasma performance. A time slice (t = 4.65 s) of the high plasma performance phase with n
e, T
i and V
t ITBs has been analyzed. It is found that the position of minimum safety factor (q
min) is at about normalized radius ρ = 0.4 where may be the location of ion ITB foot, during equilibrium reconstruction from EFIT using external magnetic and internal polarimeter-INTferometer (POINT) measurement constraints. Based on this equilibrium, the source is self-consistently calculated by ONETWO and NUBEAM. Then the n
e, T
e, T
i and V
t have been modeled predictively and simultaneously by TGYRO utilizing the reconstructed equilibrium, the self-consistent source and the experimental radiated power for the first time in EAST. This modeling well reproduces the experimental n
e and T
i profiles in the reversed magnetic shear plasmas. In addition, it is shown that reversed magnetic shear rather than shear of radial electric field (E
r) mainly produced by V
t plays a key role to the formation of n
e and T
i ITBs. The reasons for central accumulation of W impurity are also clarified by computing both neoclassical and turbulent transport components of W. It turns out that the neoclassical transport dominates over turbulent transport for W and neoclassical pinch of W causes its central accumulation.