bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of gamma‐interferon‐inducible lysosomal thiol reductase expression in female patients diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Ye Chunmiao , Zhou Wenzhong , Wang Fei , Yin Gengshen , Zhang Xiaoxia , Kong Lingyu , Gao Zhongcheng , Feng Man , Zhou Chengjun , Sun Dianshui , Wang Lei , Liu Liyuan , Zheng Chao , Xiang Yujuan , Guo Mingming , Huang Shuya , Yu Zhigang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBecause of the high heterogeneity of breast cancer outcome, identification of novel prognostic biomarkers is critical to improve patient stratification and guide precise treatment. We examined the prognostic value of gamma‐interferon‐inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) expression in a training set of 416 breast cancer patients and a validation set of 210 patients, and performed functional studies to investigate the functions and underlying mechanisms of GILT on breast cancer prognosis. Our results indicated that high GILT expression in breast cancer cells was associated with improved disease‐free survival (DFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.189, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.099‐0.361) and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS; HR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.080‐0.437) of breast cancer patients both in the training set and the external validation set (HR = 0.453, 95% CI: 0.235‐0.873 for DFS, HR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.245‐0.970 for BCSS). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that GILT overexpression inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, migration and tumor formation in nude mice and increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to standard treatment. Proteomics analysis indicated that GILT inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy activation in breast cancer cells, and GILT overexpression‐mediated tumor growth was further enhanced in the presence of autophagy or ROS inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that GILT expression can be effectively used to predict the prognosis and guide treatment strategies of breast cancer patients.
Rational confinement engineering of MOF‐derived carbon‐based electrocatalysts toward CO2 reduction and O2 reduction reactions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Xue Dongping , Jiang Su , Xia Huicong , Yang Yanlin , Yan Wenfu , Hu Jinsong , Zhang Jianan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe goal of global carbon peak and neutrality gives an impetus to the utilization of clean energy (e.g., fuel cell) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at a large scale, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) are the key reactions via the sustainable system, respectively. As a main precursor for fabricating affordable carbon‐based electrocatalysts with uniformly dispersed active centers and tailorable performances for ORR and CO2RR, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have captured a surge of interest in recent years. Despite the facilitated development of MOF‐derived carbon‐based electrocatalysts by many investigations, it is still plagued by high overpotential and unsatisfied life span, which are greatly determined by the efficient and alterable confinement effect on synthesis and performance. In this review, firstly, the confined synthetic strategies (doping engineering, defect engineering, geometric engineering, etc.) of MOF‐derived carbon‐based electrocatalysts with multi‐sized active centers (atom, atomic clusters and nanoparticles (NPs)) are systematically summarized; secondly, the confinement effect on the interaction of ORR and CO2RR intermediates, as well as the catalytic durability and activity, was discussed from chemical and physical aspects. In the end, the review discusses the remaining challenges and emerging research topics in the future, including support upgradation and catalyst innovation, high selectivity and effective confinement synthesis, in situ and operando characterization techniques, theoretical investigation, and artificial intelligence (AI) assistant. The new understanding and insights into these aspects will guide the rational confinement concept of MOF‐derived carbon‐based electrocatalysts for ORR and CO2RR with optimized performances in terms of confinement engineering and are believed to be helpful for filling the existing gaps between scientific communities and practical use.
Predicted Cardiac Functional Responses to Renal Actions of SGLT2i in the DAPACARD Trial Population: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis
Authors: Yu Hongtao , Basu Sanchita , Tang Weifeng , Penland Robert C. , Greasley Peter J. , Oscarsson Jan , Boulton David W. , Hallow K. Melissa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to reduce the risk of worsening heart failure (HF) in subjects with HF and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in multiple clinical trials. The DAPACARD clinical trial was conducted to examine the effects of dapagliflozin on cardiac substrate uptake, myocardial efficiency, and myocardial contractile work in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. As a complement to the clinical study, a mechanistic mathematical model of cardiorenal physiology was used to quantify the influence of established natriuretic/diuretic effects of SGLT2i on cardiac function (myocardial efficiency and global longitudinal strain). Virtual participants reflecting the participant‐level characteristics in the DAPACARD trial were produced by varying model parameters over physiologically plausible ranges. A second virtual population was generated by inducing a state of HFrEF in the DAPACARD virtual participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus for comparison. Cardiac responses to placebo and SGLT2i were simulated over 42 days. Cardiac hemodynamic improvements were predicted in DAPACARD‐HFrEF virtual participants but not in DAPACARD virtual participants. In particular, the natriuresis/diuresis induced by SGLT2i improved the global longitudinal strain and myocardial efficiency in DAPACARD‐HFrEF virtual participants within the first 14 days (change from baseline: global longitudinal strain, –0.95%; and myocardial efficiency, 0.34%), whereas the global longitudinal strain and myocardial efficiency in DAPACARD virtual participants were slightly worse (change from baseline: global longitudinal strain, 0.35%; and myocardial efficiency: –0.01%). The results of the DAPACARD virtual participants modeling were in line with the clinical data but do not preclude additional effects from other mechanisms of SGLT2i.
Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria: Occurrence, spread, and control
Authors: Jian Zonghui , Zeng Li , Xu Taojie , Sun Shuai , Yan Shixiong , Yang Lan , Huang Ying , Jia Junjing , Dou Tengfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Investigations on ARGs mostly focus on the environments in which antibiotics are frequently used, such as hospitals and farms. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the occurrence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in nonclinical environments, such as air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, and sea areas in‐depth, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of plasmid and phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, and the transmission mechanism of ARGs was summarized. This review highlights the new mechanisms that enhance antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary background of multidrug resistance; in addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are also proposed.
Synthesis and characterisation of an iron‐ion‐responsive coating with core–shell electrospun fibres containing a chelation agent
Authors: Song Liying , Shi Hao , Han Peng , Ji Xiaohong , Cheng Qingli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA self‐healing coating containing an electrospun nanofibre encapsulating 3,4,5‐trihydroxy benzoic acid cyclohexyl ester (GACE) was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the nanofibre had a core–shell structure. The shell thickness of the electrospun fibre was approximately 270 nm, while the core thickness was approximately 380 nm. The self‐healing process of the coating containing GACE nanofibres over a carbon steel surface was simulated in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the synthesised GACE reacted with iron ions and formed a stable Fe–O–C compound, which could repair the scratched coating. The self‐repair performance was evaluated through electrochemical measurements, and then a healing model was developed.
Acoustic Absorption Properties of Polystyrene‐Pyrolytic Pinus Resinosa Composite Foams Prepared by Torsion‐Induced Extrusion
Authors: Jian Ranran , Shahi Peyman , Semeniuk Maria , Tan Jing , Yang Weimin , Sain Mohini 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA lightweight acoustic composite foams with unique sound absorption feature is reported, that is, the foam acoustic composite demonstrates surprisingly stable sound absorption performance in a wide bandwidth of frequency. The unique acoustic properties are attributed to the highly exfoliated nanolayered biocarbon nucleation, derived from the pyrolytic pinus resinosa, with tailoring the foam structure and properties. Polystyrene (PS) composite foams with porous graphitic biocarbon are obtained by sequestering recycled supercritical carbon dioxide assisted with torsion extrusion technology. Unique design concept is validated and implemented in the torsion‐induced extrusion process, with good mixing and thermal management, offering a suitable environment for the nucleation, uniform growth, and stability of the cells on the foam structures. The presence of porous graphitic nanolayered characteristics of biocarbon in the composition changes the sound insulation behavior from resonant absorber of pure PS closed cell foam to stable acoustic performance over a wide range in high frequency band (3.5–6.4 kHz), while preserving the closed cell structure. This allows the tailoring of cell structures and properties with varying renewable carbon content, so as to better adapt to a broadband sound absorption applications including absorbing panels, anechoic chamber with high accuracy and aircraft acoustic stealth technology.
Characterization of the genetic switch from phage ɸ13 important for Staphylococcus aureus colonization in humans
Authors: Kristensen Camilla S. , Varming Anders K. , Leinweber Helena A. K. , Hammer Karin , Lo Leggio Leila , Ingmer Hanne , Kilstrup Mogens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTemperate phages are bacterial viruses that after infection either reside integrated into a bacterial genome as prophages forming lysogens or multiply in a lytic lifecycle. The decision between lifestyles is determined by a switch involving a phage‐encoded repressor, CI, and a promoter region from which lytic and lysogenic genes are divergently transcribed. Here, we investigate the switch of phage ɸ13 from the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. ɸ13 encodes several virulence factors and is prevalent in S. aureus strains colonizing humans. We show that the ɸ13 switch harbors a cI gene, a predicted mor (modulator of repression) gene, and three high‐affinity operator sites binding CI. To quantify the decision between lytic and lysogenic lifestyle, we introduced reporter plasmids that carry the 1.3 kb switch region from ɸ13 with the lytic promoter fused to lacZ into S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Analysis of β‐galactosidase expression indicated that decision frequency is independent of host factors. The white “lysogenic” phenotype, which relies on the expression of cI, could be switched to a stable blue “lytic” phenotype by DNA damaging agents. We have characterized lifestyle decisions of phage ɸ13, and our approach may be applied to other temperate phages encoding virulence factors in S. aureus.
Optimizing an equitable micro‐hydropower deployment: Application of a multi‐objective method for rural Indonesia
Authors: Maghfirra Dini , Cohon Jared L. , Jaramillo Paulina , Morgan M. Granger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMuch of the developing world is still struggling to provide electricity to rural populations. Extending the grid is frequently not feasible or too expensive in rural and remote areas. In such situations, micro‐hydropower (MHP) can be a cost‐effective source of renewable off‐grid electricity and can be easier to implement and more reliable than a number of other generation technologies. This study employs multi‐objective mixed‐integer‐linear programming (MOMILP) to identify nondominated MHP portfolios to meet rural electricity needs across Indonesia. Besides maximizing the new MHP generation capacity within a fixed budget, this study also incorporates equity as an objective. The equity issue becomes crucial to ensure that government resources are deployed in a manner that considers impacts for the entire population. The MOMILP optimizes a weighted objective function that applies different relative weights to the objectives of generation capacity and equity, subject to several constraints on resource availability and capacity shortfall, as well as budget. In this way, we identify solutions on the Pareto frontier for investment in MHP generation in remote Indonesian rural communities. We illustrate the tradeoffs involved in meeting capacity shortfalls with and without considering equity across provinces and identify non‐dominated MHP portfolios that the Indonesian government could implement to increase rural electrification efficiently.
Effect of dielectric parameters on the transformation of operation mode and the energy cost of nitrogen fixation of surface microdischarge in air
Authors: Lu Chen , Chen Xingyu , Wang Yuqi , Zhu Yu , Zou Zhenping , Xiong Zilan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the effect of dielectric parameters (permittivity of the dielectric sheet and thickness of the dielectric sheet ) on the operational mode transformation and energy cost of nitrogen fixation in surface microdischarge (SMD). Three dielectric materials with different thicknesses were used. It was found that has a negative correlation with the power consumption, while a larger could effectively lower the applied voltage for mode transformation and decrease the energy cost. The trend of energy cost has the shape of a checkmark symbol (√), and the lowest energy cost in this investigation was 489.07 GJ/tN. Increasing and reducing could further decrease the energy cost in SMD. Finally, the mechanism was briefly discussed.
Prevalence, variability, and predictors of sinus surgery in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Virgin Frank W. , Thurm Cary , Sanders Don B. , Freeman Alvin J. , Cogen Jonathan , Gamel Breck , Sawicki Greg , Fink Aliza K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis is common among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and has an impact on quality of life. Sinus surgery is a treatment option, but minimal literature exists regarding prevalence and indications.MethodsUsing the linked CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) – Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database, we investigated variability in receipt of surgery, predictors of surgery, and time to first surgery. We included individuals less than 18 receiving care between 2006 and 2015 at a CF Foundation care program that is also a PHIS‐participating‐hospital. We used logistic regression to examine predictors of receipt of surgery and a Kaplan–Meier curve to examine time to first surgery among those born 2005–2007.ResultsThere were 11,545 children and adolescents and 2156 (18.7%) received at least one surgery. Variation in number of surgeries was observed across hospitals (median: 63 [IQR, 33–110]). There was an inconsistent pattern between receipt of surgery and markers of disease severity; those receiving surgery having increased odds of treatment use and pulmonary exacerbations and decreased odds of lower lung function and body mass index. Among the cohort of young children, 159 (14%) had at least one surgery with a median age at first surgery of 5.6 (IQR, 3.9–7.0).ConclusionsThe use of sinus surgery is frequent, but variable, among children and adolescents. Clinical factors are associated with receipt of surgery, but further understanding is needed on other factors that impact variability in use. Our study indicates the need for additional evaluation of the management of CF‐related CRS and indications for surgery.
Pesticide spraying robot for precision agriculture: A categorical literature review and future trends
Authors: Meshram Ashish T. , Vanalkar Anil V. , Kalambe Kavita B. , Badar Avinash M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPesticide spraying is one of the risky and very essential task in agriculture to protect plants from harmful organisms. Many farmers are used manual pesticide spraying devices that they carry these devices on their shoulders and spray on the entire plant. Due to this, harmful pesticide chemicals spread into the air and may enter into the body of farmers and farm workers through the breathing system and mostly affect their body parts even, so many farmers lost their life. For this serious problem, we present the best solution to perform this task without the intervention of man is to utilize a robotic system in an agriculture. This paper analyses the state‐of‐the‐art reviews in the development of autonomous pesticide spraying robots that are divided into four main categories; platform mobility and steering, localization and navigation control, sensing and target detection, and pesticide spraying arrangement. This paper also focused on the efficient methodology that can be used for future perspectives to enhance pesticide spraying operations in an agriculture. In this paper, to achieve target spraying operation, a suitable navigation control algorithm for platform movement and an efficient trajectory planning algorithm for shortest link movement are designed which covers the shortest distance to visit all targeted pests on the plant. This technique will help to reduce the overdose of toxic pesticides hence minimize the wastage of pesticides and also control its dangerous effects on the human being and on the environment.
Feline acquired thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis managed with surgery and therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Dörfelt Stefanie , Fischer Andrea , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Dörfelt René 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 3‐year‐old cat with thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis underwent thymectomy. Skeletal muscle weakness deteriorated after surgery, and the cat became non‐ambulatory tetraparetic. A higher dose of pyridostigmine failed to improve the weakness. Therapeutic plasma exchange was performed twice, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, with continued pyridostigmine treatment. Improvement in clinical signs was noted after each therapeutic plasma exchange. Improvement was short‐lasting after the first and long‐lasting after the second session. The dose of pyridostigmine was reduced 4 and 21 months after thymectomy without relapse. Thirty‐two months after thymectomy, the cat remained in clinical remission with continued pyridostigmine treatment, but serum anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody titre remained elevated (2.0 nmol/L). This is the first report of therapeutic plasma exchange in a cat with acquired thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis. Therapeutic plasma exchange may be considered an additional immune‐modulating option to medical treatment in cats with acquired myasthenia gravis.
A generalization of decomposition in orbifolds
Authors: Robbins Daniel G. , Sharpe Eric , Vandermeulen Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a generalization of decomposition in orbifolds. In general terms, decomposition states that two-dimensional orbifolds and gauge theories whose gauge groups have trivially-acting subgroups decompose into disjoint unions of theories. However, decomposition can be, at least naively, broken in orbifolds if the orbifold has discrete torsion in the trivially-acting subgroup. (Formally, this breaks finite global one-form symmetries.) Nevertheless, even in such cases, one still sees rudiments of decomposition. In this paper, we generalize decomposition in orbifolds to include such examples of discrete torsion, which we check in numerous examples. Our analysis includes as special cases (and in one sense generalizes) quantum symmetries of abelian orbifolds.
NLO electroweak potentials for minimal dark matter and beyond
Authors: Urban Kai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We calculate the one-loop correction to the static potential induced by γ, W and Z-exchange at tree-level for arbitrary heavy standard model multiplets. We find that the result obeys a “Casimir-like” scaling, making the NLO correction to the potential a “low-energy” property of the electroweak gauge bosons. Furthermore, we discuss the phenomenology of the NLO potentials, the analytically known asymptotic limits and provide fitting functions in position space for easy use of the results.
Horizon acoustics of the GHS black hole and the spectrum of AdS2
Authors: Porfyriadis Achilleas P. , Remmen Grant N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We uncover a novel structure in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity: an AdS2 × S2 solution in string frame, which can be obtained by a near-horizon limit of the extreme GHS black hole with dilaton coupling λ ≠ 1. Unlike the Bertotti-Robinson spacetime, our solution has independent length scales for the AdS2 and S2, with ratio controlled by λ. We solve the perturbation problem for this solution, finding the independently propagating towers of states in terms of superpositions of gravitons, photons, and dilatons and their associated effective potentials. These potentials describe modes obeying conformal quantum mechanics, with couplings that we compute, and can be recast as giving the spectrum of the effective masses of the modes. By dictating the conformal weights of boundary operators, this spectrum provides crucial data for any future construction of a holographic dual to these AdS2 × S2 configurations.
An identification system based on the explicit isomorphism problem
Authors: Kiss Sándor Z. , Kutas Péter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose a new identification system based on algorithmic problems related to computing isomorphisms between central simple algebras. We design a statistical zero knowledge protocol which relies on the hardness of computing isomorphisms between orders in division algebras which generalizes a protocol by Hartung and Schnorr, which relies on the hardness of integral equivalence of quadratic forms.