bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desorption ionization using through‐hole alumina membrane offers higher reproducibility than 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, a widely used matrix in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging analysis
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Eto Fumihiro , Mamun Md. Al , Sato Shumpei , Islam Ariful , Waliullah A.S.M. , Chi Do Huu , Takahashi Yutaka , Kahyo Tomoaki , Naito Yasuhide , Kotani Masahiro , Ohmura Takayuki , Setou Mitsutoshi 
Published: March 2021

RationaleDIUTHAME (desorption ionization using through‐hole alumina membrane), a recently developed matrix‐free ionization‐assisting substrate, was examined for reproducibility in terms of mass accuracy and intensity using standard lipid and mouse brain sections. The impregnation property of DIUTHAME significantly improved the reproducibility of mass accuracy and intensity compared with 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB).MethodsFrozen tissue sections were mounted on indium tin oxide‐coated glass slides. DIUTHAME and DHB were applied to individual sections. Subsequently, a solution of a phosphatidylcholine standard, PC(18:2/18:2), was poured onto the DIUTHAME and matrix. Finally, the samples were subjected to laser desorption ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The reproducibility was tested by calculating the mean ± standard deviation values of mass errors and intensities of individual ion species.ResultsAnalysis of the PC(18:2/18:2) standard showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower mass error for DIUTHAME‐MS than for MALDI‐MS. Endogenous PC(36:4) analysis in mouse brain section also showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower mass errors for DIUTHAME‐MS. Furthermore, we investigated the mass error of some abundant lipid ions in brain sections and observed similar results. DIUTHAME‐MS displayed lower signal intensity in standard PC analysis. Interestingly, it offered higher signal intensities for all the endogenous lipid ions. Lower fluctuations of both mass accuracies and signal intensities were observed in DIUTHAME‐MS.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that DIUTHAME‐MS offers higher reproducibility for mass accuracies and intensities than MALDI‐MS in both standard lipid and mouse brain tissue analyses. It can potentially be used instead of conventional MALDI‐MS and mass spectrometry imaging analyses to achieve highly reproducible data for mass accuracy and intensity.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Lian Jie , Li Can 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the event‐triggered adaptive tracking control of switched systems with uncertain nonlinearities and unknown control gains. The switch can occur within two consecutive sampling instants and may trigger new events that raise the mismatch problem and bring the challenge to avoid the Zeno behavior. To address these problems, we propose a novel codesign scheme composed of a switching event‐triggered mechanism and a mode‐dependent adaptive control law. A logarithmic threshold strategy is introduced into the event triggering mechanism. The absence of Zeno is proved from its formal definition. Based on the codesign scheme, the tracking error can be steered to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. At last, a numerical example is applied to validate the obtained results.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Functionalized Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Saigal  , Ghanem Younes S. A. , Uddin Amad , Khan Sarfaraz , Abid Mohammad , Khan Md. Musawwer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and antibacterial studies of polysubstituted pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives have been described. The preparation of pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives was carried out by the reaction of enamino imides, aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate using 10 mol % of DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) in ethanol at 78 °C in good yields. The compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1H & 13C NMR and elemental analysis and also final confirmation was done by single crystal X‐ray. The antibacterial activity of all the synthesized compounds was tested against two Gram positive (S. pneumoniae MTCC 655 and E. faecalis MTCC 439) and three Gram negative (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. typhimurium MTCC 3224, and P. aeruginosa MTCC 2453) bacterial strains. Most of the tested compounds showed moderate to good antibacterial activity. Compounds pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives (4 j and 4 l) were the most potent and displayed bactericidal activities against E. coli strain with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 62.5 μg/mL and 125.0 μg/mL respectively. Growth kinetic studies against E. coli, toxicity studies using human RBCs (red blood cells) and also docking studies of the selected compounds 4 j and 4 l supported that these compounds inhibit the growth of bacterial cells, non‐toxic in nature and interact with key amino residues of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) duplex (PDBID: 1BNA) and have drug‐like properties.
The Calderón–Zygmund Theorem with an $$L^1$$ Mean Hörmander Condition
Authors: Suzuki Soichiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2019, Grafakos and Stockdale introduced an $$L^q$$

L
q

mean Hörmander condition and proved a “limited-range” Calderón–Zygmund theorem. Comparing their theorem with the classical one, it requires weaker assumptions and implies the $$L^p$$

L
p

boundedness for the “limited-range” instead of $$1< p < \infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

. However, in this paper, we show that the $$L^q$$

L
q

mean Hörmander condition is actually enough to obtain the $$L^p$$

L
p

boundedness for all $$1< p < \infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

even in the worst case $$q=1$$

q
=
1

. We use a similar method to that used by Fefferman (Acta Math 124:9–36, 1970): form the Calderón–Zygmund decomposition with the bounded overlap property and approximate the bad part. Also we give a criterion of the $$L^2$$

L
2

boundedness for convolution type singular integral operators under the $$L^1$$

L
1

mean Hörmander condition.
Linalool inhibits the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells by downregulating intracellular ATP levels and activating TRPM8
Authors: Becker Vivien , Hui Xin , Nalbach Lisa , Ampofo Emmanuel , Lipp Peter , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Gu Yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis crucially contributes to various diseases, such as cancer and diabetic retinopathy. Hence, anti-angiogenic therapy is considered as a powerful strategy against these diseases. Previous studies reported that the acyclic monoterpene linalool exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity. However, the effects of linalool on angiogenesis still remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the action of (3R)-(−)-linalool, a main enantiomer of linalool, on the angiogenic activity of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by a panel of angiogenesis assays. Non-cytotoxic doses of linalool significantly inhibited HDMEC proliferation, migration, tube formation and spheroid sprouting. Linalool also suppressed the vascular sprouting from rat aortic rings. In addition, Matrigel plugs containing linalool exhibited a significantly reduced microvessel density 7 days after implantation into BALB/c mice. Mechanistic analyses revealed that linalool promotes the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), downregulates the intracellular level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and activates the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member (TRPM)8 in HDMECs. Inhibition of ERK signaling, supplementation of ATP and blockade of TRPM8 significantly counteracted linalool-suppressed HDMEC spheroid sprouting. Moreover, ATP supplementation completely reversed linalool-induced ERK phosphorylation. In addition, linalool-induced ERK phosphorylation inhibited the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and linalool-induced TRPM8 activation caused the inhibition of β1 integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. These findings indicate an anti-angiogenic effect of linalool, which is mediated by downregulating intracellular ATP levels and activating TRPM8.
Familial Risk Factors in Relation to Recurrent Depression Among Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Halonen Joonas , Hakko Helinä , Riala Kaisa , Riipinen Pirkko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTreating recurrent depression is a challenge for clinical practitioners. We investigated which family environmental factors contribute to differences between recurrent and non-recurrent depression by the young adulthood of the former adolescent inpatients. The initial sample covered 237 adolescent psychiatric inpatients with depression, of which 35.4% had later diagnosed with recurrent depression. Recurrence in depression was associated to distant maternal relationships in both male (p = 0.022) and female patients (p = 0.042). In females, the likelihood for recurrent depression was also related to psychiatric problems of the father (p = 0.013) and siblings (OR = 3.7, p = 0.032), and having a grand multiparous mother (p = 0.005). Our results emphasise the need for effective family-centred approaches in treatment of adolescents with depression.
Effective identification of cancer predisposition syndromes in children with cancer employing a questionnaire
Authors: Schwermer Miriam , Behnert Astrid , Dörgeloh Beate , Ripperger Tim , Kratz Christian P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApproximately 10% of children with newly diagnosed cancer have a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS). The optimal diagnostic approach to identify them among children diagnosed with cancer is unknown. Objective: To determine whether the use of a one-page questionnaire can improve the CPS diagnosis among children with an oncologic condition. Design: Comparative effectiveness research. Setting: Referral center for children with cancer. Results: 739 children diagnosed with an oncologic condition between 2012 and 2019. All children with a newly diagnosed oncologic condition presenting to Hannover Medical School between January 1st 2017 and December 31st 2019 were prospectively evaluated with a CPS questionnaire. Children in whom the questionnaire suggested the need of a genetic workup were further evaluated. All children diagnosed with an oncologic condition between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2016 served as control. The CPS diagnoses established during both time periods were evaluated and compared. A CPS was diagnosed in 27 out of 287 children (9.4%) during the questionnaire period versus 24 out of 452 children (5.3%) during the control period (P = 0.032). Conclusion: The CPS questionnaire appears to significantly improve the diagnosis of children with CPS among children with a newly diagnosed oncologic condition.
Secondary Forests and Agrarian Transitions: Insights from Nepal and Peru
Authors: Pain Adam , Marquardt Kristina , Khatri Dil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe provide an analytical contrast of the dynamics of secondary forest regeneration in Nepal and Peru framed by a set of common themes: land access, boundaries, territories, and rights, seemingly more secure in Nepal than Peru; processes of agrarian change and their consequences for forest-agriculture interactions and the role of secondary forest in the landscape, more marked in Peru, where San Martín is experiencing apparent agricultural intensification, than in Nepal; and finally processes of social differentiation that have consequences for different social groups, livelihood construction and their engagement with trees, common to both countries. These themes address the broader issue of the necessary conditions for secondary forest regeneration and the extent to which the rights and livelihood benefits of those actively managing it are secured.
Gaṅgeśa on Epistemic Luck
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay explores a problem for Nyāya epistemologists. It concerns the notion of pramā. Roughly speaking, a pramā is a conscious mental event of knowledge-acquisition, i.e., a conscious experience or thought in undergoing which an agent learns or comes to know something. Call any event of this sort a knowledge-event. The problem is this. On the one hand, many Naiyāyikas accept what I will call the Nyāya Definition of Knowledge, the view that a conscious experience or thought is a knowledge-event just in case it is true and non-recollective. On the other hand, they are also committed to what I shall call Nyāya Infallibilism, the thesis that every knowledge-event is produced by causes that couldn’t have given rise to an error. These two commitments seem to conflict with each other in cases of epistemic luck, i.e., cases where an agent arrives a true judgement accidentally or as a matter of luck. While the Nyāya Definition of Knowledge seems to predict that these judgements are knowledge-events, Nyāya Infallibilism seems to entail that they aren’t. In this essay, I show that Gaṅgeśa Upādhyāya, the 14th century Naiyāyika, solves this problem by adopting what I call epistemic localism, the view that upstream causal factors play no epistemically significant role in the production of knowledge.
Pupillary unrest, opioid intensity, and the impact of environmental stimulation on respiratory depression
Authors: McKay Rachel Eshima , Kohn Michael A. , Larson Merlin D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) confers significant morbidity, but its onset can be challenging to recognize. Pain or stimulation effects of conversation may mask or attenuate common clinical manifestations of OIRD. We asked whether pupillary unrest could provide an objective signal of opioid exposure, and whether this signal would be independent from the confounding influence of extrinsic stimulation. We conducted a cross-over trial of healthy volunteers using identical remifentanil infusions separated by a washout period; in both, pupillary unrest in ambient light (PUAL) was measured at 2.5-min intervals. During one infusion, investigators continuously engaged the subject in conversation, while in the other, a quiet environment was maintained; measures of respiratory depression were compared under each condition. We tested PUAL’s relationship to estimated opioid concentration under quiet conditions, measured PUAL’s discrimination of lower versus higher opioid exposure using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and assessed the effect of stimulation on PUAL versus opioid using mixed effects regression. Respiratory depression occurred more frequently under quiet conditions (p < 0.0001). Under both conditions, PUAL declined significantly over the course of the remifentanil infusion and rose during recovery (p < 0.0001). PUAL showed excellent discrimination in distinguishing higher versus absent-moderate opioid exposure (AUROC = 0.957 [0.929 to 0.985]), but was unaffected by interactive versus quiet conditions (mean difference, interactive – quiet = − 0.007, 95% CI − 0.016 to 0.002). PUAL is a consistent indicator of opioid effect, and distinguishes higher opioid concentrations independently of the stimulating effects of conversational interaction. Under equivalent opioid exposure, conversational interaction delayed the onset and minimized the severity of OIRD.Clinical trial registration: NCT 04301895
Fiber-based modeling and simulation of skeletal muscles
Authors: Gfrerer M. H. , Simeon B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel fiber-based muscle model for the forward dynamics of the musculoskeletal system. While bones are represented by rigid bodies, the muscles are taken into account by means of one-dimensional cables that obey the laws of continuum mechanics. In contrast to standard force elements such as the Hill-type muscle model, this approach is close to the real physiology and also avoids the issue of wobbling masses. On the other hand, the computational cost is rather low in comparison with full 3D continuum mechanics simulations. The cable model includes sliding contact between individual fibers as well as between fibers and bones. For the discretization, cubic finite elements are employed in combination with implicit time stepping. Several validation studies and the simulation of a motion scenario for the upper limb demonstrate the potential of the fiber-based approach.
LAG-3 expression in the inflammatory microenvironment of glioma
Authors: Mair Maximilian J. , Kiesel Barbara , Feldmann Katharina , Widhalm Georg , Dieckmann Karin , Wöhrer Adelheid , Müllauer Leonhard , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Immune modulatory therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors have so far failed to result in clinically meaningful efficacy in glioma. We aimed to investigate lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), an inhibitory receptor on immune cells and target of second-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors, in glioma.

Methods
97 patients with diffuse glioma (68 with glioblastoma, 29 with WHO grade II-III glioma) were identified from the Neuro-Biobank of the Medical University of Vienna. LAG-3 expression in the inflammatory microenvironment was assessed by immunohistochemistry (monoclonal anti-LAG-3 antibody, clone 17B4) and correlated to CD3+ , CD8+ , CD20+ and PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells.

Results
LAG-3+ TILs could be observed in 10/97 (10.3%) IDH-wildtype samples and in none of the included IDH-mutant glioma samples (p = 0.057). Further, LAG-3+ TILs were only observed in WHO grade IV glioblastoma, while none of the investigated WHO grade II–III glioma presented with LAG-3+ TILs (p = 0.03). No association of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and presence of LAG-3+ TILs was observed (p = 0.726). LAG-3 expression was associated with the presence of CD3+ (p = 0.029), CD8+ (p = 0.001), PD-1+ (p < 0.001) TILs and PD-L1+ tumor cells (p = 0.021), respectively. No association of overall survival with LAG-3+ TIL infiltration was evident (median OS 9.9 vs. 14.2 months, p = 0.95).

Conclusions
LAG-3 is only rarely expressed on TILs in IDH-wildtype glioma and associated with active inflammatory milieu as defined by higher TIL density. Immune microenvironment diversity should be considered in the design of future immunotherapy trials in glioma.
The impact of clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histologic disease activity on health-related quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis following treatment with multimatrix mesalazine
Authors: Yarlas Aaron , Willian Mary Kaye , Nag Arpita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Studies of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) report that reduced clinical symptoms and endoscopic activity predict better health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, no study has examined the joint and unique associations of clinical and endoscopic activity with HRQoL, nor of histologic inflammation and HRQoL. These post hoc analyses evaluated whether reduced clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity were uniquely associated with improved HRQoL for adults with active mild-to-moderate UC receiving once-daily 4.8 g/day multimatrix mesalazine for 8 weeks.

Methods
Assessments at baseline and week 8 (i.e., treatment completion) included clinical and endoscopic activity (modified UC-Disease Activity Index), histology (Geboes scoring), and HRQoL (Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire [SIBDQ]; SF-12v2® Health Survey [SF-12v2]). Associations among each type of disease activity and HRQoL were examined by correlations and by mean changes in SIBDQ and SF-12v2 scores between disease activity subgroups (e.g., achievement of clinical remission; mucosal healing). Regression models estimated unique variance in HRQoL accounted by each type of disease activity.

Results
Within the analysis sample (n = 717), patients with reduced clinical and endoscopic activity had significantly larger improvements in all HRQoL domains (p < 0.001), as did patients in both endoscopic and clinical remission compared to patients in endoscopic remission only (p < 0.05). Patients with histologic activity post-treatment scored significantly worse on all HRQoL domains than patients with no activity (p < 0.05). Correlations and regression models found that decreases in clinical and endoscopic activity were associated with improvements in HRQoL domain scores.

Conclusions
Clinical symptoms and mucosal health have separable, distinct impacts on UC patients’ HRQoL.
Against Polanyian orthodoxy: a reply to Hannes Lacher
Authors: Somers Margaret , Block Fred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHannes Lacher’s article (2019) misrepresents and then denounces both the substance and the spirit of our book, The Power of Market Fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi’s Critique (2014). Lacher claims his interpretation of Polanyi to be the only acceptable one, and vociferously alerts readers to beware the dangerous influence of our work. Because we continue to believe that familiarity with Polanyi’s theoretical framework is valuable for those resisting the depredations of neoliberalism and authoritarianism, we restate our commitment to interpreting Polanyi’s work in the most capacious way possible, treating it not as Scripture but as a body of work multidimensional enough for varying perspectives. In our reply to Lacher, we revisit several themes central to our book, including Polanyi’s complex use of “utopianism”; the “always-instituted economy”; the gold standard’s attack on the “democratic virus” and the rise of fascism; and Polanyi’s socialist commitment to democratizing the economy. We also suggest that by exploring several apparent puzzles in the text of GT it is possible to derive a more fruitful and powerful interpretation of Polanyi’s thinking.
Sleeping beauties gain impact in overdrive mode
Authors: van Raan Anthony F. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study we focus on characteristics of SBs that have not or hardly been investigated previously. We find that the choice of the awakening period in the selection of SBs has consequences for the measured citation patterns. Focusing on medical SBs we analyze patterns in the time-development of the citation impact of SBs; the influence of self-citations on the awakening process; and the occurrence of medical research fields to which the SBs and their citing papers belong. An important finding is that SBs are generally characterized by a sleep that becomes less and less deep instead of a permanent deep sleep. The sleeping period is followed by a phase-transition-like jump as a start of the awakening period and a remarkable regularity is found for the citation impact immediately before and after the jump.
Evaluation Metrics for Conditional Image Generation
Authors: Benny Yaniv , Galanti Tomer , Benaim Sagie , Wolf Lior 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present two new metrics for evaluating generative models in the class-conditional image generation setting. These metrics are obtained by generalizing the two most popular unconditional metrics: the Inception Score (IS) and the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID). A theoretical analysis shows the motivation behind each proposed metric and links the novel metrics to their unconditional counterparts. The link takes the form of a product in the case of IS or an upper bound in the FID case. We provide an extensive empirical evaluation, comparing the metrics to their unconditional variants and to other metrics, and utilize them to analyze existing generative models, thus providing additional insights about their performance, from unlearned classes to mode collapse.