bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Automated Insertion Task in Robotics by Reducing Registration Error
Authors: Cheok Geraldine S. , Franaszek Marek , Van Wyk Karl , Marvel Jeremy A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA peg-in-hole operation is representative of common tasks performed in assembly lines by robots. It requires registration of the coordinate frame where a part resides to the robot frame where it is acted upon. Poor registration causes misalignment of the peg and the hole which will result in a failed insertion of the peg. In this study, the dependence of the outcome of the insertion task on the quality of registration is investigated. It was shown in earlier studies that Restoring Rigid-Body Condition (RRBC) leads to decreased target registration error. This study quantifies the improvement in the Pass/Fail rate when the target registration error is reduced for a given peg-hole tolerance. A robot arm operated in position control mode was used to perform the insertion without performing any search algorithms or force/torque sensing. Results show that use of the RRBC method yielded substantial reduction in failed insertions, especially for tighter tolerances.
Implications for Future Research
Authors: Yu Xiu-bao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOn the basis of the three elements of strategy, this chapter puts forward some follow-up research questions and prospects mainly from the following aspects. The first is the study of factors that have influences on the quality of strategic decision. Factors include individual aspects of decision-maker, strategic decision-making information factors, approaches of strategic decision-making, etc. The second is about normative studies. They are about how the world ought to be or how strategy decisions ought to be in given situations. Outcomes of the studies can provide guidance to industry decision makers when facing development issues. Future research includePerhaps the impact of strategic decision-makers on the quality of strategies is far beyond our imagination.
Why Are There Over 90 Definitions of the Strategy Concept?
Authors: Yu Xiu-bao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOutline: Based on the Three-multiple problem of literature on strategy definition, this chapter analyses literature on strategy definition based on a special research approach developed by the author. The reasons for the aforesaid Three-multiple problem are examined with a sample over 30 definitions. It is found that there are mainly four reasons contributing to the Three-multiple problem. (1) different wordings are used to express the same meaning; (2) a variety of wordings are used to illustrate the content of different sub-classes that are under the same category; (3) different understandings of the strategy concept cause the use of various wordings; (4) extensions of concept are included in literature on strategy definition.
Phase relaxation and pattern formation in holographic gapless charge density waves
Authors: Andrade Tomas , Baggioli Matteo , Krikun Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the dynamics of spontaneous translation symmetry breaking in holographic models in presence of weak explicit sources. We show that, unlike conventional gapped quantum charge density wave systems, this dynamics is well characterized by the effective time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, both above and below the critical temperature, which leads to a “gapless” algebraic pattern of metal-insulator phase transition. In this framework we elucidate the nature of the damped Goldstone mode (the phason), which has earlier been identified in the effective hydrodynamic theory of pinned charge density wave and observed in holographic homogeneous lattice models. We follow the motion of the quasinormal modes across the dynamical phase transition in models with either periodic inhomogeneous or helical homogeneous spatial structures, showing that the phase relaxation rate is continuous at the critical temperature. Moreover, we find that the qualitative low-energy dynamics of the broken phase is universal, insensitive to the precise pattern of translation symmetry breaking, and therefore applies to homogeneous models as well.
Consistent treatment of rapidity divergence in soft-collinear effective theory
Authors: Chay Junegone , Kim Chul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In soft-collinear effective theory, we analyze the structure of rapidity divergence due to the collinear and soft modes residing in disparate phase spaces. The idea of an effective theory is applied to a system of collinear modes with large rapidity and soft modes with small rapidity. The large-rapidity (collinear) modes are integrated out to obtain the effective theory for the small-rapidity (soft) modes. The full SCET with the collinear and soft modes should be matched onto the soft theory at the rapidity boundary, and the matching procedure becomes exactly the zero-bin subtraction. The large-rapidity region is out of reach for the soft mode, which results in the rapidity divergence. The rapidity divergence in the collinear sector comes from the zero-bin subtraction, which ensures the cancellation of the rapidity divergences from the soft and collinear sectors. In order to treat the rapidity divergence, we construct the rapidity regulators consistently for all the modes. They are generalized by assigning independent rapidity scales for different collinear directions. The soft regulator incorporates the correct directional dependence when the innate collinear directions are not back-to-back, which is discussed in the N-jet operator. As an application, we consider the Sudakov form factor for the back-to-back collinear current and the soft-collinear current, where the soft rapidity regulator for a soft quark is developed. We extend the analysis to the boosted heavy quark sector and exploit the delicacy with the presence of the heavy quark mass. We present the resummed results of large logarithms in the form factors for various currents with the light and the heavy quarks, employing the renormalization group evolution on the renormalization and the rapidity scales.
SU(2/1) superchiral self-duality: a new quantum, algebraic and geometric paradigm to describe the electroweak interactions
Authors: Thierry-Mieg Jean , Jarvis Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose an extension of the Yang-Mills paradigm from Lie algebras to internal chiral superalgebras. We replace the Lie algebra-valued connection one-form A, by a superalgebra-valued polyform $$ \tilde{A} $$

A
˜

mixing exterior-forms of all degrees and satisfying the chiral self-duality condition $$ \tilde{A} =^{\ast }{\tilde{A}}_{\chi } $$

A
˜

=

∗

A
˜

χ

, where χ denotes the superalgebra grading operator. This superconnection contains Yang-Mills vectors valued in the even Lie subalgebra, together with scalars and self-dual tensors valued in the odd module, all coupling only to the charge parity CP-positive Fermions. The Fermion quantum loops then induce the usual Yang-Mills-scalar Lagrangian, the self-dual Avdeev-Chizhov propagator of the tensors, plus a new vector-scalar-tensor vertex and several quartic terms which match the geometric definition of the supercurvature. Applied to the SU(2/1) Lie-Kac simple superalgebra, which naturally classifies all the elementary particles, the resulting quantum field theory is anomaly-free and the interactions are governed by the super-Killing metric and by the structure constants of the superalgebra.
Inclusive and exclusive neutrino-nucleus cross sections and the reconstruction of the interaction kinematics
Authors: Bourguille B. , Nieves J. , Sánchez F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a full kinematic analysis of neutrino-nucleus charged current quasielastic interactions based on the Local Fermi Gas model and the Random Phase Approximation. The model was implemented in the NEUT Monte Carlo framework, which allows us to investigate potentially measurable observables, including hadron distributions. We compare the predictions simultaneously to the most recent T2K and MINERvA charged current (CC) inclusive, CC0πand transverse kinematic-imbalance variable results. We pursuit a microscopic interpretation of the relevant reaction mechanisms, with the aim to achieving in neutrino oscillation experiments a correct reconstruction of the incoming neutrino kinematics, free of conceptual biasses. Such study is of the utmost importance for the ambitious experimental program which is underway to precisely determine neutrino properties, test the three-generation paradigm, establish the order of mass eigenstates and investigate leptonic CP violation.
Cadherins in early neural development
Authors: Punovuori Karolina , Malaguti Mattias , Lowell Sally 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring early neural development, changes in signalling inform the expression of transcription factors that in turn instruct changes in cell identity. At the same time, switches in adhesion molecule expression result in cellular rearrangements that define the morphology of the emerging neural tube. It is becoming increasingly clear that these two processes influence each other; adhesion molecules do not simply operate downstream of or in parallel with changes in cell identity but rather actively feed into cell fate decisions. Why are differentiation and adhesion so tightly linked? It is now over 60 years since Conrad Waddington noted the remarkable "Constancy of the Wild Type” (Waddington in Nature 183: 1654–1655, 1959) yet we still do not fully understand the mechanisms that make development so reproducible. Conversely, we do not understand why directed differentiation of cells in a dish is sometimes unpredictable and difficult to control. It has long been suggested that cells make decisions as 'local cooperatives' rather than as individuals (Gurdon in Nature 336: 772–774, 1988; Lander in Cell 144: 955–969, 2011). Given that the cadherin family of adhesion molecules can simultaneously influence morphogenesis and signalling, it is tempting to speculate that they may help coordinate cell fate decisions between neighbouring cells in the embryo to ensure fidelity of patterning, and that the uncoupling of these processes in a culture dish might underlie some of the problems with controlling cell fate decisions ex-vivo. Here we review the expression and function of cadherins during early neural development and discuss how and why they might modulate signalling and differentiation as neural tissues are formed.
Consistency Proof for Multi-time Schrödinger Equations with Particle Creation and Ultraviolet Cut-Off
Authors: Lill Sascha , Nickel Lukas , Tumulka Roderich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor multi-time wave functions, which naturally arise as the relativistic particle-position representation of the quantum state vector, the analog of the Schrödinger equation consists of several equations, one for each time variable. This leads to the question of how to prove the consistency of such a system of PDEs. The question becomes more difficult for theories with particle creation, as then different sectors of the wave function have different numbers of time variables. Petrat and Tumulka (2014) gave an example of such a model and a non-rigorous argument for its consistency. We give here a rigorous version of the argument after introducing an ultraviolet cut-off into the creation and annihilation terms of the multi-time evolution equations. These equations form an infinite system of coupled PDEs; they are based on the Dirac equation but are not fully relativistic (in part because of the cut-off). We prove the existence and uniqueness of a smooth solution to this system for every initial wave function from a certain class that corresponds to a dense subspace in the appropriate Hilbert space.
Modelling European regional FDI flows using a Bayesian spatial Poisson interaction model
Authors: Krisztin Tamás , Piribauer Philipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical study of spatial origin and destination effects of European regional FDI dyads. Recent regional studies primarily focus on locational determinants, but ignore bilateral origin- and intervening factors, as well as associated spatial dependence. This paper fills this gap by using observations on interregional FDI flows within a spatially augmented Poisson interaction model. We explicitly distinguish FDI activities between three different stages of the value chain. Our results provide important insights on drivers of regional FDI activities, both from origin and destination perspectives. We moreover show that spatial dependence plays a key role in both dimensions.
Prediction of laser drilled hole geometries from linear cutting operation by way of artificial neural networks
Authors: Baiocco Gabriele , Genna Silvio , Leone Claudio , Ucciardello Nadia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper deals on artificial intelligence (AI) application for the estimation of kerf geometry and hole diameters for laser micro-cutting and laser micro-drilling operations. To this aim laser cutting and laser drilling operation were performed on NIMONIC 263 superalloy sheet, 0.38 mm in nominal thickness, by way of a 100 W fibre laser in modulated wave regime. Linear cuts and holes (by trepanning) were performed fixing the average power at 80 W and changing the pulse duration, the cutting speed, the focus depth and the laser path (the latter only for the drilling operations). Kerf width and the holed diameter, at the upper and downsides, were measured by digital microscopy. Different artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed and tested to predict the kerf widths and the diameters (at the upper and downside). Two ANNs were addressed to the linear cutting process modelling; also, two further ANNs were developed for micro-drilling on the base of the linear cutting process features. The networks were trained with a subset of data containing the process conditions and the kerf/hole geometry. The ANN test was performed with the remaining data. The results show that ANNs can model the cut and hole geometry as a function of the process parameters. Moreover, the ANN trained with kerf geometry is more efficient. Therefore, a functional correlation between the kerf geometries achievable in the linear cutting process and micro-drilling was assessed.
Effect of clad height, substrate thickness and scanning pattern on cantilever distortion in direct metal deposition
Authors: Soffel Fabian , Eisenbarth Daniel , Wegener Konrad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn metal additive manufacturing, moving heat sources cause spatial and time-dependent variations of temperature and strain that can lead to part distortions. Distortion prediction and optimized deposition parameters can increase the dimensional accuracy of the generated components. In this study, an analytical approach for modeling the effect of clad height and substrate thickness is experimentally validated. Additionally, the influence of the scanning pattern as a function of clad height and substrate thickness is determined experimentally. The analytical model is based on the cool-down phase mechanism and assumes the formation of constant thermal shrinking forces for each deposited layer. The model accurately predicts longitudinal cantilever distortion after experimental calibration when compared with similar experimental conditions. For multi-layer deposition, the scanning pattern has the largest influence on distortion for thin-walled substrates. An optimized deposition strategy with longitudinal scanning vectors leads to a distortion reduction of up to 86%. The results highlight the potential of mechanical modeling and scanning strategy optimizations to increase the shape accuracy for industrial applications in the field of additive manufacturing.
Revisiting Amyand's Hernia: A 20‐Year Systematic Review
Authors: Manatakis Dimitrios K. , Tasis Nikolaos , Antonopoulou Maria Ioanna , Anagnostopoulos Petros , Acheimastos Vasileios , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Fradelos Evangelos , Zoulamoglou Menelaos , Agalianos Christos , Tsiaoussis John , Xynos Evaghelos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeProtrusion of the appendix within an inguinal hernia is termed an Amyand's hernia. A systematic review of case reports and case series of Amyand's hernia was performed, with emphasis on surgical decision‐making.MethodsThe English literature (2000–2019) was reviewed, using PubMed and Embase, combining the terms “hernia”, “inguinal”, “appendix”, “appendicitis” and “Amyand”. Overall, 231 studies were included, describing 442 patients.ResultsMean age of patients was 34 ± 32 years (adults 57.5%, children 42.5%). 91% were males, while a left‐sided Amyand's hernia was observed in 9.5%. Of 156 elective hernia repairs, 38.5% underwent appendectomy and 61.5% simple reduction of the appendix. 88% of the adult patients had a mesh repair, without complications. Of 281 acute cases, hernial complications (76%) and acute appendicitis (12%) were the most common preoperative surgical indications. Appendectomy was performed in 79%, more extensive operations in 8% and simple reduction in 13% of cases. A mesh was used in 19% of adult patients following any type of resection and in 81% following reduction of the appendix. Among acute cases, mortality was 1.8% and morbidity 9.2%. Surgical site infections were observed in 3.6%, all of which in patients without mesh implantation.ConclusionIn elective Amyand's hernia cases, appendectomy may be considered in certain patients, provided faecal spillage is avoided, to prevent mesh infection. In cases of appendicitis, prosthetic mesh may be used, if the surgical field is relatively clean, whereas endogenous tissue repairs are preferred in cases of heavy contamination.
An Updated Overview of Gender Dysphoria and Gender Affirmation Surgery: What Every Plastic Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Hamidian Jahromi Alireza , Boyd Louisa C. , Schechter Loren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGender dysphoria refers to the medical condition experienced by individuals whose physical anatomy is not consistent with their gender identity. Surgery is a safe and effective treatment for many individuals, yet the current demand for surgery exceeds the number of trained surgeons. This article reviews gender‐affirming surgical procedures and emphasizes an individualized approach within the context of a multidisciplinary team. We review pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative care including the preoperative requirements for surgery.
Bosworth fracture complicated by unrecognized compartment syndrome: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bartoníček Jan , Rammelt Stefan , Kostlivý Karel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Compartment syndrome (CS) is exceedingly rare in ankle fractures. However, the risk of CS development seems to be increased in the presence of a Bosworth fracture-dislocation (BF), a rare variant of locked dislocation of the fibula behind the tibia.

Materials and methods
Here, we report the case of a 39-year old man with delayed diagnosis of CS after having sustained a BF and failed attempts on closed reduction. The patient developed a flexion contracture of the hallux necessitating secondary fusion.

Results
At 3 years after the injury, the patient was capable of running, but had 10 degrees limitation of ankle dorsiflexion, persisting decreased sensation on the plantar surface and clawing of the lesser toes. A thorough review of the literature revealed nine cases of CS after 167 reported BF resulting in a calculated prevalence of 5.4%.

Conclusions
Given the extreme paucity of CS in malleolar fractures, CS in BF has a relatively high prevalence. Risk factors include severe dislocations, repeated attempts on closed reduction, and a long interval to definite surgery. A high index of suspicion is required because delayed diagnosis leads to lasting functional restrictions.
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on post-stroke fatigue
Authors: De Doncker William , Ondobaka Sasha , Kuppuswamy Annapoorna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported symptoms post-stroke, which has a severe impact on the quality of life. Post-stroke fatigue is associated with reduced motor cortical excitability, specifically of the affected hemisphere.

Objective
The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether fatigue symptoms can be reduced by increasing cortical excitability using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Methods
In this sham-controlled, double-blind intervention study, tDCS was applied bilaterally over the primary motor cortex in a single session in thirty stroke survivors with high severity of fatigue. A questionnaire-based measure of trait fatigue (primary outcome) was obtained before, after a week and 5 weeks post stimulation. Secondary outcome measures of state fatigue, motor cortex neurophysiology and perceived effort were also assessed pre, immediately post, a week and 5 weeks post stimulation.

Results
Anodal tDCS significantly improved fatigue symptoms a week after real stimulation when compared to sham stimulation. There was also a significant change in motor cortex neurophysiology of the affected hemisphere and perceived effort, a week after stimulation. The degree of improvement in fatigue was associated with baseline anxiety levels.

Conclusion
A single session of anodal tDCS improves fatigue symptoms with the effect lasting up to a week post stimulation. tDCS may therefore be a useful tool for managing fatigue symptoms post-stroke.

Trial registration
NCT04634864

Date of registration
17/11/2020–“retrospectively registered”.
Binding of gephyrin to microtubules is regulated by its phosphorylation at Ser270
Authors: Zhou Lin , Kiss Eva , Demmig Rebecca , Kirsch Joachim , Nawrotzki Ralph Alexander , Kuhse Jochen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGephyrin is a multifunctional scaffolding protein anchoring glycine- and subtypes of GABA type A- receptors at inhibitory postsynaptic membrane specializations by binding to the microtubule (MT) and/or the actin cytoskeleton. However, the conditions under which gephyrin can bind to MTs and its regulation are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that during the purification of MTs from rat brain by sedimentation of polymerized tubulin using high-speed centrifugation a fraction of gephyrin was bound to MTs, whereas gephyrin phosphorylated at the CDK5-dependent site Ser270 was detached from MTs and remained in the soluble protein fraction. Moreover, after collybistin fostered phosphorylation at Ser270 the binding of a recombinant gephyrin to MTs was strongly reduced in co-sedimentation assays. Correspondingly, upon substitution of wild-type gephyrin with recombinant gephyrin carrying alanine mutations at putative CDK5 phosphorylation sites the binding of gephyrin to MTs was increased. Furthermore, the analysis of cultured HEK293T and U2OS cells by immunofluorescence-microscopy disclosed a dispersed and punctuated endogenous gephyrin immunoreactivity co-localizing with MTs which was evidently not phosphorylated at Ser270. Thus, our study provides additional evidence for the binding of gephyrin to MTs in brain tissue and in in vitro cell systems. More importantly, our findings indicate that gephyrin-MT binding is restricted to a specific gephyrin fraction and depicts phosphorylation of gephyrin as a regulatory mechanism of this process by showing that soluble gephyrin detached from MTs can be detected specifically with the mAb7a antibody, which recognizes the Ser270 phosphorylated- version of gephyrin.