bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Microbiome Signatures under the Canopy of Mediterranean Shrubs
Authors: Idbella Mohamed , De Filippis Francesca , Zotti Maurizio , Sequino Giuseppina , Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Fechtali Taoufiq , Mazzoleni Stefano , Bonanomi Giuliano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Shrub encroachment (SE) is a phenomenon in which grasses and herbaceous vegetation are replaced by woody shrubs. The progressive spread of shrubs represents a form of land cover change that is widespread in arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystems. Many previous studies have highlighted the effects of SE on soil respiration rates and nutrient storage, but little is known about its belowground effects. While previous work considered shrubs to be non-species specific or as a single intervening species, we selected an Ampelodemsos mauritanicus grassland and six coexisting shrubs (i.e. Pistacia lentiscus L., Juniperus phoenicea L., Myrtus communis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Olea europaea L., and Euphorbia dendroides L.) to investigate the effects of their encroachment on soil microbiota. We used high-throughput sequencing, coupled with soil chemical analyses and litter using 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy.Results: Results showed a strong influence of shrub canopy on bacterial and fungal community diversity, species richness and overall community composition in the soil. Litter chemistry was dominated by O-alkyl-C, with the highest content in Ampelodesmsos and Euphorbia, but richer of aromatic C in Pistacia and Rosmarinus. Bacterial diversity was highest under Juniperus and Euphorbia, while lowest under Rosmarinus and grassland. Conversely, fungal diversity was highest under Olea and Euphorbia, while lowest under Myrtus and grassland. Moreover, soil C and N contents were highest under Olea, Pistacia and Myrtus compared to the other canopies. In addition, grassland and Rosmarinus had the highest Fe content. Furthermore, increased co-occurrence network size and connectivity were recorded under shrubs compared to the grassland matrix.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the individual effect of each shrub on the grassland matrix depends mainly on the chemical properties of the shrub litter, which alters the chemical profile of the soil and, in cascade, shapes the associated microbiota.
Life History Strategy and Overeating During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Moderated Mediation Model of Sense of Control and Coronavirus Stress
Authors: Ye Baojuan , Wang Ruining , Liu Mingfan , Wang Xinqiang , Yang Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. Methods: Thirty-three hundred and ten Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. Results: The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students’ overeating. College students’ coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students’ sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. Conclusions: This study identified the critical factors associated with overeating; it supplies empirical support for existing theories and provides practical implications for interventions aiming to decrease Chinese college students’ overeating during COVID-19 period.
The Spatiotemporal Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 among Multiple Regions: A Modeling Study in China
Authors: Jia Qiaojuan , Li Jiali , Lin Hualiang , Tian Fei , Zhu Guanghu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Current explosive outbreak of COVID-19 around the world is a complex spatiotemporal process with hidden interactions between viruses and humans. This study aims at clarifying the transmission patterns and the driving mechanism that contributed to the COVID-19 epidemics across the provinces of China. Thus a new dynamical transmission model is established by ordinary differential system. The model takes into account the hidden circulation of COVID-19 virus among/within humans, which incorporates the spatial diffusion of infection by parameterizing human mobility. Theoretical analysis indicates that the basic reproduction number is a unique epidemic threshold, which can unite infectivity in each region by human mobility, and can totally determine whether COVID-19 proceeds among multiple regions. By validating the model with real epidemic data in China, it is found that (1) if without any intervention, COVID-19 would overrun China within three months, resulting in more than 1.1 billion infections; (2) high frequency of human mobility can trigger COVID-19 diffusion across each province in China, no matter where the initial infection locates; (3) travel restrictions and other non-pharmaceutical interventions must be implemented simultaneously for disease control; and (4) infection sites in central and east (rather than west and northeast) of China would easily stimulate quick diffusion of COVID-19 in the whole country.
Conformal Properties of Hyperinvariant Tensor Networks
Authors: Steinberg Matthew , Prior Javier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hyperinvariant tensor networks (hyMERA) were introduced as a way to combine the successes of perfect tensor networks (HaPPY) and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) in simulations of the AdS/CFT correspondence. Although this new class of network shows much potential for simulating conformal field theories on hyperbolic bulk manifolds with quasiperiodic boundaries, many issues must still be solved. In this manuscript we analyze the challenges related to optimizing tensors in a hyMERA with respect to some critical spin chain, and compare with standard approaches in MERA. Additionally, we show two new sets of tensor decompositions which exhibit different properties from the original construction, and imply that the multitensor constraints are more general than previously suggested. Lastly, we provide numerical evidence that the constraints imposed on the spectra of local descending superoperators in hyMERA are compatible with the operator spectra for many minimial model CFTs.
Full Molecular Screening for Colon Cancer Patients of Familial/ Highly Inherited Germline Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Alshaya Dalal S. , Al-Hazani Tahani Mohamed , Alotaibi Mashael Alhumaidi , Domiaty Dalia Mostafa , AlQahtani Alaa Ali , AlQassim Fatima Abdullah , Albasher Gadah Ibraheem , Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There is evidence of increasing number of early colon cancer cases among young people in many countries. The objective of this research is to assess the inherited germinal mutations in all BRCA2and BRCA1 coding areas in four consanguineous cases’ generations from a single Saudi family having occurrence of colon cancer. Methods: This research examines a single Saudi family through four generations from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This family have diagnosed with colon cancer and inherited germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. The examination was conducted by DNA sequencing for the whole coding sections of BRCA1 and BRCA2. In addition, the colon samples were immunohistochemically and histologically analyzed utilizing BRCA1&2 antibodies and H&E staining, respectively.Results: 21 scenarios at-risk consanguineous cases were mutations carried in the BRCA genes (2 BRCA2 and 4 BRCA1) and comprised of 3 affected consanguineous cases having malignant cancer of the colon. The BRCA nucleotide sequencing revealed a substantial mutations’ cases within the genes of BRCA1 (frameshift mutations situated within exon 11 and exon 2 while there were no such mutations within the BRCA2 genes). A novel replacement mutation within BRCA2 (exon 18) 139 C > A was obtained (45.83%) in females whereas it was (31.26%) in males. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive staining for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Conclusion: The key reason that led to colon cancer incidences among them is highly inherited mutations of germline in BRCA2 and BRCA1 through repeated endogamy between consanguineous cases who carry these mutations.
Hundreds of viral families in the healthy infant gut
Authors: Nielsen Dennis , Shah Shiraz , Deng Ling , Thorsen Jonathan , Pedersen Anders , Dion Moïra , Castro-Meija Josue , Silins Ronalds , Romme Fie , Sausset Romain , Ndela Eric , Hjelmsø Mathis , Rasmussen Morten , Redgwell Tamsin , Vestergaard Gisle , Zhang Yichang , Sørensen Søren , Bisgaard Hans , Enault Francois , Stokholm Jakob , Moineau Sylvain , Petit Marie-Agnes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) is shaped through infancy and plays a major role in determining susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases later in life. Bacteriophages (phages) are known to modulate bacterial populations in numerous ecosystems, including the gut. However, virome data is difficult to analyse because it mostly consists of unknown viruses, i.e. viral dark matter. Here, we manually resolved the viral dark matter in the largest human virome study published to date. Fecal viromes from a cohort of 647 infants at 1 year of age were deeply sequenced and analysed through successive rounds of clustering and curation. We uncovered more than ten thousand viral species distributed over 248 viral families falling within 17 viral order-level clades. Most of the defined viral families and orders were novel and belonged to the Caudoviricetes viral class. Bacterial hosts were predicted for 79% of the viral species using CRISPR spacers, including those in metagenomes from the same fecal samples. While Bacteroides-infecting Crassphages were present, novel viral families were more predominant, including phages infecting Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium. Phage lifestyles were determined for more than three thousand caudoviral species. Lifestyles were homogeneous at the family level for 149 Caudoviricetes families, including 32 families that were found to be virulent, while 117 were temperate. Virulent phage families were more abundant but temperate ones were more diverse and widespread. Together, the viral families found in this study represent a major expansion of existing bacteriophage taxonomy.
Structure Related α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Analyses of Phenolic Compounds From Paeonia Suffruticosa
Authors: Chen Po-Chun , Dlamini Bongani Sicelo , Chen Chiy-Rong , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Shih Wen-Ling , Lin Yun-Sheng , Lee Chien-Hsing , Chang Chi-I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the continuous search for α-glucosidase inhibitors, eleven phenolic compounds (1-11) were isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism were investigated using an in vitro inhibition assay and molecular docking studies. Compounds 2, 5, 6, and 8-11 (IC50 between 290 and 431 µM) inhibited α-glucosidase more effectively than the reference compound acarbose (IC50=1463 ± 29.5 µM). Among them, compound 10 exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 290.4 ± 9.6 µM. Compounds 2, 5, 9 10 and 11 were found to be competitive inhibitors, while compounds 6 and 8 were noncompetitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Computational analyses showed that the main binding forces between the compounds and the main residues were hydrogen bonds. The results indicated that these compounds had considerable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1, A Novel Three-Metallic Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework: Synthesis, Methylene Blue Removal, the Study of Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetic Models
Authors: Saemian Tahoura , Sadr Moayad Hossaini , Gharagozlou Mehrnaz , Soltani Behzad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 as a novel three-metallic magnetic metal-organic framework (MMOF) has been favorably synthesized via a simple self-assembly method. For this purpose, CoFe2O4@SiO2 was functionalized by Glutaric anhydride and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylamine and then HKUST-1 was synthesized on the surface of CoFe2O4@SiO2. Powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and simulated thermal analyzer (STA) were utilized to characterize the as-prepared samples. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 has been set by examining factors such as the effect of pH, concentration of dye, amount of adsorbent, and components of a compound. Up to 100 percent dye removal in short reaction times and water media was reached in alkaline pH, by increasing the dose of adsorbent and in the presence of CoFe2O4@SiO2 and CoFe2O4@SiO2/HKUST-1 compounds. Freundlich adsorption isotherm that uses to describe the ongoing adsorption was found to be best fitted for the adsorption process.Based on pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic equations, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with rate constant (k2) 4 x10-3 g/mg.min is best fitted for adsorption methylene blue, indicating that removal of dye takes place dominantly through the chemisorption process.
Peripapillary and Macular Choroidal Vascularity Index in Eyes with Fuchs’ Uveitis
Authors: erol yasemin ozdamar , Güngör Anıl , Gediz Berrak Şekeryapan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

To investigate the choroidal vascularity alterations of macula and peripapillary area in eyes with unilateral Fuchs uveitis (FU).
Methods

This study included 18 eyes with unilateral FU and 18 healthy fellow eyes. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was analyzed and the results were compared between eyes with FU and healthy fellow eyes (control group).
Results

The mean subfoveal (s)CVI (%) value was significantly lower in the FU group as compared with the control group:60.92 ± 2.63 vs. 64.01 ± 2.54,respectively (p = 0.001). The mean pCVI (%) values of superior and inferior quadrant were significantly lower in the Fuchs group as compared with the control group:58.87 ± 4.48 vs. 61.98 ± 3.32, respectively, in superior quadrant (p = 0.035); and 57.29 ± 6.65 vs. 61.44 ± 4.76, respectively, in inferior quadrant (p = 0.014).
Conclusion

The chronic continuous inflammation in FU causes inflammation-mediated thinning in the vascular area of the subfoveal and peripapillary choroid. The changes in the peripapillary region are remarkable in terms of the further glaucoma risk of these eyes.
Nano Ag@Bioactive Microspheres From Marine Sponge Clathria Frondifera: Fabrication, Fortification, Characterization and Antibacterial Potential Evaluation
Authors: Saravanakumar K. , Abinaya M. , Mehnath S. , Jeyaraj M. , Muthuraj V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bioresources are attaining much importance in the discovery of drugs and delivering agents. In particular, marine sponges are of great interest due to their metabolites production for the survival in risky environment. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles with marine sponge derived metabolites was reported for the first time. In this work, a facile material has been generated of great efficacy in solving environmental and health issues, as a recipe of silver and marine sponge Clathria frondifera, named as Ag Fortified Sponge spheres (AFS). AFS spheres were successfully synthesized after method optimization, using the various extracts of marine sponge Clathria frondifera as effective reducing agent in Ag (I) to Ag (0) reduction. Bioactive material from marine sponge and AgNP from the reduction of AgNO3 solution stablishing one another and thus AFS spheres were attaining long lifetime along with enhanced antimicrobial activity. The characterization of synthesized AFS and other AgNPs (1-4) has done using FT-IR, PXRD, FESEM, TEM, UV-vis and PL data. The cytotoxic response of AFS was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and morphological changes. AFS are exact spherical, micro sized and effective in inhibiting the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Anticancer studies were also carried out and ensued with excellent activity in the HELA cells.
Unusually Large Exciton Binding Energy In Multilayered 2H-MoTe2
Authors: Jung Eilho , Park Jin Cheol , Seo Yu-Seong , Kim Ji-Hee , Hwang Jungseek , Lee Young Hee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although large exciton binding energies of typically 0.6–1.0 eV are observed for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) owing to strong Coulomb interaction, multilayered TMDs yield relatively low exciton binding energies owing to increased dielectric screening. Recently, the ideal carrier-multiplication threshold energy of twice the bandgap has been realized in multilayered semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 with a conversion efficiency of 99%, which suggests strong Coulomb interaction. However, the origin of strong Coulomb interaction in multilayered 2H-MoTe2, including the exciton binding energy, has not been elucidated to date. In this study, unusually large exciton binding energy is observed through optical spectroscopy conducted on CVD-grown 2H-MoTe2. To extract exciton binding energy, the optical conductivity is fitted using the Lorentz model to describe the exciton peaks and the Tauc–Lorentz model to describe the indirect and direct bandgaps. The exciton binding energy of 4 nm thick multilayered 2H-MoTe2 is approximately 300 meV, which is unusually large by one order of magnitude when compared with other multilayered TMD semiconductors such as 2H-MoS2 or 2H-MoSe2. This finding is interpreted in terms of small exciton radius based on the 2D Rydberg model. The exciton radius of multilayered 2H-MoTe2 resembles that of monolayer 2H-MoTe2, whereas those of multilayered 2H-MoS2 and 2H-MoSe2 are large when compared with monolayer 2H-MoS2 and 2H-MoSe2. From the large exciton binding energy in multilayered 2H-MoTe2, it is expected to realize the future applications such as room-temperature and high-temperature polariton lasing.
Serum Prolactin Level to Tumor Size Ratio as a Potential Parameter for Preoperative Differentiation of Prolactinomas from Non-Functional Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwa , Hur Kyu-Yeon , Hong Sang-Duk , Choi Jung-won , Seol Ho-Jun Jun , Nam Do-Hyun , Lee Jung-Il , Kong Doo-Sik 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTIONPreoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas is critical because dopamine agonists have been regarded as a primary treatment modality. However, serum prolactin level alone is suboptimal for differentiating between prolactinomas and hyperprolactinemia-causing non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). The authors investigated more effective parameter for differentiating prolactinomas and NFPAs by using the adenoma size. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions in a single institute between January 2015 and May 2021. Using the receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, we compared performances of serum prolactin levels (PRL), a ratio of serum PRL levels to maximal tumor diameter (MD) (PRL/MD; PDR1), and MD squared (PRL/(MD)2; PDR2) in preoperative diagnosis of prolactinomas. RESULTS 223 patients with NFPAs (n=175) and prolactinomas (n=48) were included in the analysis. The prolactinoma group showed higher serum prolactin (258.6 ㎍/L) and smaller MD (16.6 mm) than those in the NFPA group (44.4 ㎍/L and 23.9 mm; both p-values < 0.001). Among diagnostic parameters, PDR2 exhibited the optimal diagnostic performance with the cutoff value of 0.83 [㎍/L]/mm2 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.945), compared to the PDR1 (8.93 [㎍/L]/mm with AUC 0.938) and PRL (99.4 ㎍/L with AUC 0.910). PDR2 still maintained superior performance in the validation study than PDR1 and PRL (Accuracy of 94.8%, 91.8%, and 75.8%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS PDR2 provided the best performance of three parameters in preoperative discrimination of prolactinomas from NFPAs with hyperprolactinemia, and could contribute to select patients who benefit from medical treatment primarily.
Evaluation of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) resistance assays for sugarcane accession lines
Authors: Bhuiyan S. A. , Garlick K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
No sugarcane cultivar is resistant to root-lesion (Pratylenchus zeae) nematode in Australia. Sugar Research Australia commenced a research project to evaluate new sets of accession lines derived from introgression breeding between wild relatives of sugarcane and commercial parents. No established method of assessment was available for comparing the resistance of sugarcane in the glasshouse. This study aimed to determine the most suitable assessment method for comparing resistance in accession lines. Two resistance parameters were measured, (i) number of nematodes per plant, and (ii) number of nematodes per g of roots. Nine screening trials were conducted from 2011 to 2020. Resistance parameter number of nematodes/plant had less variations within trials compared to nematodes/g roots, although both parameters were equally repeatable. Number of nematodes/g of root were negatively correlated (r = ‒0.29 to ‒0.86, p ≤ 0.001) with root biomass in all nine trials, and with shoot biomass in three out of seven trials (r = ‒0.23 to ‒0.31, p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the number of nematodes per plant were positively correlated with shoot biomass (r = 0.25–0.53, p ≤ 0.05) in three out of seven trials and with root biomass (r = 0.17–0.27, p ≤ 00.05) in three out of nine trials. These results clearly indicated that nematodes per g root is related to reduction in root biomass and shoot biomass.