bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cyclometalated NHC Iridium Complex Bearing a Cationic (η5‐Cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron Backbone**
Authors: Malchau Christian , Milbert Tom , Eger Tobias R. , Fries Daniela V. , Pape Pascal J. , Oelkers Benjamin , Sun Yu , Becker Sabine , Prosenc Marc H. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNucleophilic substitution of [(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐chlorobenzene)iron(II)] hexafluorophosphate with sodium imidazolate resulted in the formation of [(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II)]imidazole hexafluorophosphate. The corresponding dicationic imidazolium salt, which was obtained by treating this imidazole precursor with methyl iodide, underwent cyclometallation with bis[dichlorido(η5‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl]iridium(III) in the presence of triethyl amine. The resulting bimetallic iridium(III) complex is the first example of an NHC complex bearing a cationic and cyclometallated [(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II)]+ substituent. As its iron(II) precursors, the bimetallic iridium(III) complex was fully characterized by means of spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, it was investigated in a catalytic study, wherein it showed high activity in transfer hydrogenation compared to its neutral analogue having a simple phenyl instead of a cationic [(η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II)]+ unit at the NHC ligand.
Tuning the Intrinsic Activity and Electrochemical Surface Area of MoS2 via Tiny Zn Doping: Toward an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Catalyst
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhao Zelin , Wei Wei , Chang Ganggang , Xie Zhizhong , Guo Wei , Liu Dan , Qu Deyu , Tang Haolin , Li Junsheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is considered as an alternative material for commercial platinum catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Improving the apparent HER activity of MoS2 to a level comparable to that of Pt is an essential premise for the commercial use of MoS2. In this work, a Zn‐doping strategy is proposed to enhance the HER performance of MoS2. It is shown that tiny Zn doping into MoS2 leads to the enhancement of the electrochemical surface area, increases in proportion of HER active 1T phase in the material and formation of catalytic sites of higher intrinsic activity. These benefits result in a high‐performance HER electrocatalyst with a low overpotential of 190 mV(@10 mA cm−2) and a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1. The origin for the excellent electrochemical performance of the doped MoS2 is rationalized with both experimental and theoretical investigations.
Discrete Oligomers and Polymers of Chloride Monohydrate Can Form in Encapsulated Environments: Structures and Infrared Spectra of [Cl4(H2O)4]4− and {[Cl(H2O)]−}∞
Authors: Senthooran Rathiga , Curnow Owen J. , Crittenden Deborah L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA discrete tetrachloride tetrahydrate cluster, [Cl4(H2O)4]4−, was obtained with a partially‐fluorinated triaminocyclopropenium cation, [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)(NEt2)(NPr2)]+. The cluster consists of a [Cl2(H2O)2]2− square with each Cl− coordinated by another H2O bridged to another Cl−. A 1D polymer of chloride monohydrate, {[Cl(H2O)]−}∞, was obtained with [C3(N(CH2CF3)2)2(NBuMe)]+. The tetrameric and polymeric structures were found to be computationally‐unstable in the gas phase which indicates that an encapsulated environment is essential for their isolation. DFT and DFTB calculations were carried out on gas‐phase [Cl4(H2O)4]4− to assist the infrared assignments. Anharmonically‐corrected B3LYP transition frequencies were in close agreement with experiment, but DFTB models were only appropriate for qualitative interpretation. Solid‐state DFTB calculations allowed the vibrational modes to be assigned. The results found are consistent with “discrete” chloride hydrates.
Explaining the willingness of clinicians to work with patients with antisocial personality disorder using the theory of planned behaviour and emotional reactions
Authors: van Dam Arno , Rijckmans Madeleine , van den Bosch Louisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany clinicians seem to experience negative emotions towards patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), resulting in the exclusion of patients in many treatment programmes. The behaviour of individuals with ASPD has a significant impact on society, which affects ASPD patients and their environment, and therefore, the exclusion from programmes is a serious concern. Relatively, little is known about why some clinicians are willing to work with ASPD patients and others are not and what factors contribute to an increase in the motivation to do so. In this study, clinicians (n = 130) working in a regular and forensic mental health service in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the Feeling Word Checklist and questions about the relevant experience gained and education received. The current study confirms the limited willingness to work with ASPD patients, especially in regular mental health care. Experience working with ASPD patients, education on cluster B personality disorders and having experienced verbal and/or physical violence in clinical practice did not fully explain whether or not clinicians were motivated to provide treatment to ASPD patients. TPB appeared to predict the intention to provide psychological therapy to ASPD patients adequately. The impact of positive emotions towards ASPD patients on providing treatment appeared to be stronger than negative emotions. This study provides more insight into why so few clinicians are willing to work with ASPD patients and what may increase motivation to include this group in treatment programmes.
The 4‐Hole‐Board Test for Assessment of Long‐Term Spatial Memory in Mice
Authors: d'Isa Raffaele , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe hole‐board test has been used in rodents since the early 60s to measure exploratory behavior, locomotor activity and cognitive function. The test is based on rodents’ natural curiosity and attraction for novelty. Basically, the hole‐board consists of a small square arena with an extractable platform as floor, which has a set of equally spaced circular holes on its surface.In this article, we describe the protocol of a 4‐hole‐board test allowing the assessment of long‐term spatial memory in mice without the employment of water or food restriction, painful stimuli (as electrical shocks) or any aversive condition (as forced swimming or exposure to intense light). Four holes are present on the floor of the square arena (one for each of its four quadrants). Mice released in the arena spontaneously approach the holes and explore them by briefly inserting the snout inside, a behavior defined as nose‐poking (or head‐dipping). If, after 24 hr, rodents are re‐exposed to the hole‐board, the novelty of the holes decreases. Animals with an intact long‐term memory will show a reduction of the frequency of nose‐poking into the holes. The total number of nose‐pokes on day 1 is an index of exploration, while the percentage of decrease in nose‐poking on day 2 represents an index of long‐term spatial memory. Number of quadrant crossings is scored as a control measure for locomotor activity, which with the present protocol should remain stable across the days of testing.Indeed, the 4‐hole‐board test represents a stress‐free and animal‐friendly option to evaluate long‐term spatial memory. In the present paper, we provide detailed description of the hole‐board apparatus and step‐by‐step protocol for assessment of spatial memory in mice. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Validation of the 4‐hole‐boardBasic Protocol 2: Evaluation of long‐term spatial memory through the 4‐hole‐board test
Noncosmetic applications of liposuction
Authors: Peros Ioannis , Lillis Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLiposuction, a method widely known to be used for esthetic reasons, can have particularly beneficial results in cases of certain pathological conditions. These include gynecomastia, lipomas, lipoedema, axillary hyperhidrosis, hypertrophic insulin lipodystrophy, correction of depressed scars.
The patterns of vascular plant discoveries in China
Authors: Lu Muyang , Gao Lianming , Li Hongtao , He Fangliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAim(1) To understand geographic patterns of species discovery by examining the effect of growth form, range size, and geographic distribution on discovery probability of vascular plant species in China; (2) to find out which taxa harbor the largest number of undiscovered species and where those species locate; and (3) to find out the determinants of province‐level mean discovery time and inventory completeness.LocationChina.MethodsWe compiled the discovery time and province‐level geographic distributions of ~31,000 vascular plant species described between 1753 and 2013 from Flora of China. We used a Cox proportional hazard model to determine the biological and geographic correlates of discovery probability. Accumulation curves of species discoveries were fitted by a logistic discovery model to estimate inventory completeness of different growth forms and of different provinces. We then used linear regression to identify the determinants of mean discovery time and beta regression to identify the determinants of inventory completeness.ResultsWe found that species with larger range size and distributed in northeastern part of China have a higher discovery probability. Coastal species were discovered earlier than inland species. Trees and shrubs of seed plants have the highest discovery probability while ferns have the lowest discovery probability. Herbs have the largest number of undiscovered species in China. Most undiscovered species will be found in southwest China, where three global biodiversity hot spots locate. Spatial patterns of mean discovery time and inventory completeness are mainly driven by the total number of species, human population density in an area, and latitude and longitude of a province.Main ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors primarily determine the discovery patterns of vascular plants in China. Undiscovered species are most likely to be narrow‐ranged, inconspicuous endemic species such as herbs and ferns, which are prone to extinctions and locate in biodiversity hot spots in southwestern China.
Ecological processes associated with different animal taxa in urban environments
Authors: Evans Maldwyn John , Barton Philip S. , Westgate Martin J. , Soga Masashi , Fujita Go , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUrbanization is increasing globally with wide‐ranging consequences for biodiversity and the ecological processes it performs. Yet knowledge of the range of ecological processes supported by biodiversity in urban environments, and the different taxa that perform these processes is poorly understood. We used a text‐analysis approach to identify the research trends and gaps in knowledge in the literature on ecological processes provided by animals in urban environments. We found a divide in urban ecological processes research that grouped studies into those with an explicit link to ecological processes and those that focused on biodiversity and made an implicit link to ecological processes. We also found that the dominant taxa in urban ecological processes research were insects, which has more than twice as many studies as birds or mammals, potentially due to their recognized and explicit link to key processes and services (e.g., pollination, pollution biomonitoring) and disservices (e.g., pests, disease transmission). We found a further split between terrestrial and aquatic studies, with urban aquatic studies also declining in relative prevalence over the last 20 yr. To consolidate and advance research on ecological processes in urban environments, we suggest it will be important to bridge the divide between studies on explicit services and others on more general biodiversity. This might be achieved by placing greater focus on the processes provided by non‐insect taxa, and by integrating aquatic and terrestrial perspectives.
Bail‐out treatment of pulmonary embolism using a large‐bore aspiration mechanical thrombectomy device
Authors: Stadler Stefan , Debl Kurt , Ritzka Markus , Maier Lars Siegfried , Sossalla Samuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report on the first pulmonary embolism treatment via the large‐bore aspiration mechanical thrombectomy device (Inari FlowTriever®) outside the USA, in a resuscitated patient on veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) suffering from severe and acute right heart failure. In this particular high‐risk patient population, where thrombolysis is mostly not applicable, this new technology could be a promising solution as the combination of large‐bore thrombus aspiration and extraction successfully removes large emboli. In our case, right ventricular function improved rapidly after the procedure, ECMO could be weaned, and the patient was dismissed 2 weeks after. In summary, we provide a new therapeutic option for the often difficult treatment of pulmonary embolism in high‐risk patients on VA‐ECMO.
A proactive fog service provisioning framework for Internet of Things applications: An autonomic approach
Authors: Faraji‐Mehmandar Mohammad , Jabbehdari Sam , Haj Seyyed Javadi Hamid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) services have expanded to promote the quality of life in different areas. Cloud connectivity services are so popular now that they have prompted the experts to enhance cloud computing for its utilization in IoT, making everything online in the next few decades. For reducing latency, immediate processing, and network congestion, fog computing has emerged in which cloud computing is expanded to the edge of the network. On the other hand, concerning the limitations in fog hardware resources compared with the cloud, and the dynamic and unpredictable fog environment, the provision of dynamic fog services is a challenge. Automatic matching of the resources based on the workload oscillations of IoT applications leads to allocating minimum fog resources to IoT devices, therefore, the satisfaction of service level agreement (SLA) and quality of service (QoS) parameters.The present article introduces a method based on the control monitoring‐analysis‐planning‐execution having shared knowledge‐base loop and presents an approach for dynamic resource provisioning based on autonomic computing and reinforcement learning techniques. The proposed scheme uses learning automata as a decision‐maker in the planning phase and time series prediction model in the analysis phase. The simulation test results indicated a reduced delay in service provisioning, total cost, and SLA violation compared with other approaches, highlighting the potential of fog computing in ensuring the QoS.
Effect of pinolenic acid on oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells induced by H2O2
Authors: Zhao Yang , Liu Sainan , Sheng Zhili , Li Xue , Chang Yanan , Dai Weichang , Chang Sui Kiat , Liu Junmei , Yang Yuchun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect and mechanism of pinolenic acid (PNA) on H2O2‐induced oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells. Methods: PNA was used to regulate oxidative stress injury of HepG2 cells induced by H2O2. Quantification of cell survival rate, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression levels of anti‐oxidation‐related genes were determined using MTT, fluorescent probe technology (DCFH‐DA), and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain technology (qRT‐PCR) method, respectively. Meanwhile, the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes was determined by biochemical methods. The results showed that PNA improved the survival rate of HepG2 cells induced by H2O2 (29.59%, high‐dose group), reduced the accumulation of intracellular ROS (65.52%, high‐dose group), and reduced the level of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA; 65.52%, high‐dose group). All these results were dose‐dependent, which indicated that PNA can improve oxidative stress damage of cells. Furthermore, the mechanism of PNA regulating oxidative stress was investigated from the gene level. Results showed that under supplementation of PNA, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) had been improved (39.74%, 17.58%, and 23.83%, high‐dose group). Further studies on gene expression which controls the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed that under the regulation of PNA, the expression level of Keap1 gene was decreased, while Nrf2 gene was increased. The expression levels of HO‐1 and NQO1 in the downstream of Nrf2 were increased. Results indicated that under the regulation of PNA, Nrf2 was separated from Keap1, entered the nucleus, bound to ARE, and up‐regulated the expression levels of HO‐1 and NQO1 genes. Conclusion: PNA has a conspicuous improvement effect on oxidative stress damage induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells. We also found the antioxidant mechanisms of PNA where it protected cells from oxidative stress damage by causing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 gene and up‐regulated the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in the downstream. This shows that PNA prevented oxidative stress by mediating the Keap1/Nrf2 transcriptional pathway and down‐regulating enzyme activities.
Quantifying the impact of effective stress on changes in elastic wave velocities due to CO2injection into a depleted carbonate reef
Authors: Raziperchikolaee Samin , Singh Vivek , Kelley Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interpretation of time‐lapse seismic monitoring of CO2sequestration has typically focused on mapping the saturation and pressure changes. However, elastic wave velocity and associated seismic attribute variation also depend on the poroelastic response to CO2injection. In this study, we investigated the impact of effective stress changes on elastic wave velocity responses during CO2storage within a carbonate reef of the Michigan basin. The geomechanical multiphase flow modeling combined with the experimental measurements were used to investigate the impact of effective stress on changes in velocities. We measured the ultrasonic compressional (Vp) and shear (Vs) wave velocities in cores acquired from the carbonate formations under different stress‐pressure scenarios. Experimental scenarios were applied by changing the effective stress and pore pressure conditions simulating injection into the depleted reservoir. Experimental results show that incorporating stress changes of injection avoids overestimation of changes in velocities due to considering only pore pressure effects. Coupled multiphase flow – geomechanical simulations were performed to assess stress and saturation change during CO2injection. We discussed expected changes in elastic wave velocities using combined simulation results with experimental ones. The simulation results show that both effective stress and saturation changes contribute to changes in velocities in the main reservoir. Effective stress is the dominant parameter that contributes to changes in velocities in the upper formations. Results of this work show that quantifying the poroelastic effect of stress on elastic wave velocities changes can lead to a better interpretation of changes in seismic attributes during CO2injection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of actualized collective efficacy in perceptions of neighborhood insecurity and future prospects
Authors: Dulin Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the impact of collective efficacy on perceptions of crime‐related insecurity at three different levels: (1) the home; (2) the neighborhood; and (3) neighborhood future. In contrast to previous research, this analysis reconceptualizes collective efficacy by adopting an action orientation that allows for the analysis of collective efficacy as a neighborhood mobilization process referred to as actualized collective efficacy. Nation‐wide survey data from Mexico was utilized to develop three different hierarchical models for each of the three levels of insecurity. Results demonstrated that different indicators of actualized collective efficacy have distinct impacts on the different levels of perception of insecurity. Specifically, demonstrated neighborhood capacity to address civil concerns reduced perceptions of neighborhood insecurity while demonstrated capacity targeting criminal concerns improved perceptions of a neighborhood's future as it relates to crime. However, no effects were detected for perceptions of insecurity within the home.
The multidimensional role of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in human malignancies
Authors: Hiremath Ishita S. , Goel Arul , Warrier Sudha , Kumar Alan Prem , Sethi Gautam , Garg Manoj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral signaling pathways have been identified as important for developmental processes. One of such important cascades is the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which can regulate various physiological processes such as embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration; while its dysregulation is implicated in several pathological conditions especially cancers. Interestingly, deregulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway has been reported to be closely associated with initiation, progression, metastasis, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and drug resistance in human malignancies. Moreover, several genetic and experimental models support the inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway to answer the key issues related to cancer development. The present review focuses on different regulators of Wnt pathway and how distinct mutations, deletion, and amplification in these regulators could possibly play an essential role in the development of several cancers such as colorectal, melanoma, breast, lung, and leukemia. Additionally, we also provide insights on diverse classes of inhibitors of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which are currently in preclinical and clinical trial against different cancers.
Myocardial findings evaluated by echocardiography in cardiac sarcoidosis: A report of seven cases
Authors: Akamatsu Kanako , Ito Takahide , Terasaki Fumio , Hoshiga Masaaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause. With cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), patients represent a wide range of cardiac manifestations from subtle to overt morphological and functional abnormalities. The advent of ultrasound technologies has enabled to identify not only typical findings to CS such as basal thinning of the ventricular septum, but also subclinical myocardial alterations. Based on our recent experiences, we currently introduce a variety of myocardial manifestations evaluated by echocardiography on seven CS patients being selected. Most of the patients exhibited typical cardiac involvement and the remaining fairly unusual.