bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties as a Function of Casting Process of Aluminum–Silicon Alloy Matrix Composites
Authors: ostadshabani mohsen , Baghani Amir , Rahimipour Mohammad Reza , Razavi Mansour , Zakeri Mohammad , Heydari Fatemeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Applying aluminum composite in the defense, aerospace and automotive industries depends on how they behave during the elasto-plastic form change. In addition to the factors responsible for changing the form of the alloy, many other factors have an impact on the behavior of the composite form change. In this study, the effect of casting type on the mechanical properties of Al-Si nano composites has been investigated. Due to the proper distribution of reinforcing particles, tensile strength in compo casting sample in semi-solid state is higher than sand casting and squeeze casting. In all samples, the tensile strength of the heat-treated samples has increased by about 30%. Tensile strength in compo casting sample in semi-solid state was obtained with higher nano particle reinforcing particles, which can be explained by the fact that the percentage of elongation in micro samples was lower than that of nano composite samples.
Investigation of gene effects on Fruit Shape Index and Seed Size in Generations Resulting from The Crossing of Zucchini and Hull-Less Seed Pumpkin
Authors: Davoodi Sima , Olfati Jamal-Ali , Rabiei Babak , Sabouri Atefeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fruit shape index (round shape) and seed size have important effects on pumpkin yield. To investigate these traits and create the most desirable state, a cross was made between two pumpkin cultivars. The objective of this study was to estimate the main gene effects (additive, dominant and di-genic epistasis) and to determine the mode of inheritance for fruit shape and seed size by generation mean analysis. Six generations, namely P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 from a cross between Zucchini and hull-less seed Pumpkin, S10×P25, were constructed and evaluated for fruit length, fruit width, fruit shape index, and some seed-related traits (seed length, seed width, seed thickness). The experiment was conducted in the research field of the Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran in 2019. Results showed a significant difference between generations in terms of fruit and seed traits. Scale and joint scale tests showed the presence of epistasis for some traits. According to the results of the average traits of different generations, standard heterosis and hetrobeltiosis were observed. Concerning the fruit shape index and seed width, there was an over-dominance effect. The broad-sense heritability of the traits was relatively high for all traits and between 52 and 92%. Narrow sense heritability was between 26 and 86% and relatively low for the fruit shape index and seed width. Therefore, selection of elite lines and production of their hybrids are recommended as two methods suitable for breeding to achieve the round shape index and larger seed size.
Generalization Enhancement of Artificial Neural Network for Turbulence Closure by Feature Selection
Authors: Zhu Linyang , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Feature selection targets for selecting relevant and useful features, and is a vital challenge in turbulence modeling by machine learning methods. In this paper, a new posterior feature selection method based on validation dataset is proposed, which is an efficient and universal method for complex systems including turbulence. Different from the priori feature importance ranking of the filter method and the exhaustive search for feature subset of the wrapper method, the proposed method ranks the features according to the model performance on the validation dataset, and generates the feature subsets in the order of feature importance. Usin the features from the proposed method, a black-box model is built by artificial neural network (ANN) to reproduce the behavior of Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model for high Reynolds number (Re) airfoil flows in aeronautical engineering. The results show that compared with the model without feature selection, the generalization ability of the model after feature selection is significantly improved. To some extent, it is also demonstrated that although the feature importance can be reflected by the model parameters during training process, artificial feature selection is still very necessary.
Diagnostic Performance of the BHBCheck β-Hydroxybutyrate Meter for Hyperketonemia in Indian Cows and Buffaloes
Authors: Suthar Vishal Surendrakumar , Patil Deepak B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate diagnostic performance of the electronic hand-held BHBCheck meter (PortaCheck, Inc, USA; BHM) to determine blood, plasma and serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) against serum BHB determined using reference laboratory method of Randox D-3 Hydroxybutyrate Ranbut assay (RSM) in Indian cows and buffaloes. Blood samples were collected by puncturing coccygeal vessels for determining serum and plasma BHB using BHM and serum BHB using RSM from 217 cows (Gir breed; median 42 DIM and 3rd lactation) and 223 buffaloes (non-descript; median 39 DIM and 3rd lactation) from nearby herds. Cow-side blood BHB were determined with BHM. The Pearson’s correlation between blood (0.988; 0.987), plasma (0.985; 0.983) and serum (0.985; 0.983) BHB determined using the BHM and serum BHB determined with the RSM were significant. Bland-Altman plot demonstrated an excellent agreement between blood, plasma and serum BHB determined with BHM, against the serum BHB determined with RSM. For hyperketonemia with reference serum BHB cut-off values ≥ 1.2 and 1.4 mmol/L determined with RSM; recorded optimized BHB thresholds, sensitivity and specificity for blood (≥ 0.9 to 1.0 mmol/L; 91 to 95% and 88 to 98%) plasma (≥ 0.9 to 1.0 mmol/L; 91 and 100%) and serum (≥ 0.9 to 1.0 mmol/L; 92 to 100% and 85 to 94%) with BHM in cows and buffaloes. In conclusion, BHB determined with BHM demonstrated an excellent correlation, agreement and test characteristics with BHB determined with RSM, hence, can accurately determine blood, plasma and serum BHB in cows and buffaloes.
Trees with different mycorrhizal types show differential drought responses at the global scale
Authors: Liao Huixuan , Zhao Hengjun , Xie Weiyu , Sui Yuan , Chen Baoming , Zhou Ting , Peng Shaolin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate drying is posing severe threats to forest ecosystems across the world. Although experimental evidence suggested that tree species with different mycorrhizal types may differ in their drought responses, a quantitative global synthesis is still lacking. By compiling and analyzing global datasets of four aspects of trees’ drought responses (i.e., mortality, sensitivity, growth reduction and growth recovery), we found that AM trees exhibited lower sensitivity to drought intensity variation than EM trees in the tropical zone, whereas the opposite was true in the temperate zone. In addition, growth and survival of EM trees were more strongly impacted by severe drought than AM trees in the temperate zone, potentially causing reduced EM dominance in some temperate regions under climate drying. Compared to other previously studied traits, mycorrhizal type is a better predictor of trees’ drought responses than specific leaf area, seed-bearing type, and rooting depth, but a worse predictor than wood density and maximum height. This study is the first to reveal the importance of mycorrhizal type in affecting trees’ drought responses at the global scale, contributing to a better understanding of the intraspecific differences in trees’ drought responses and the global biogeography of plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Predicts PTEN Protein Expression which can Function as a Prognostic Measure of Progression-free survival in NPC patients.
Authors: Wu Gang , Huang Weiyuan , Li Wenzhu , Wu Yu , Yang Qianyu , Liu Kun , Zhu Mingyue , Balasubramanian Priya S. , Li Mengsen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The objective of our study was to investigate whether a phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression was associated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) parameters and prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods: Two hundred and forty-five (245) patients with NPC who underwent pretreatment biopsy, PTEN immunohistochemistry of biopsy, and radical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy were included. Tumor segmentations were delineated on pretreatment MRI manually. The pharmacokinetic parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp) derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) using the extended Toft’s model within the tumor segmentations were estimated. The following demographics and clinical features were assessed and correlated against each other: gender, age, TNM stage, clinical-stage, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), pathological type, progression-free survival (PFS), and prognosis status. DCE parameter evaluation and clinical feature comparison between the PTEN positive and negative groups was performed and correlation between PTEN expression with the PFS and prognosis status using Cox regression for survival analysis was assessed.Results: A significantly lower Ktrans and Kep were found in NPC tumors in PTEN negative patients than in PTEN positive patients. Ktrans performed better than Kep in detecting PTEN expression with the ROC AUC of 0.752. PTEN negative was associated with later TNM stage, later clinical-stage, shorter PFS, and worse prognosis. Moreover, N stage, pathological type, Kep, and prognostic status can be considered as independent variables in discrimination of PTEN negative expression in NPCs. Conclusions: PTEN negative indicated a shorter PFS and worse prognosis than PTEN positive in NPC patients. Ktrans and Kep derived from DCE-MRI, which yielded reliable capability, should be considered as novel image markers that are correlated with PTEN expression and may be used to predict PTEN expression noninvasively. Combined radiological and clinical features can improve the performance of the classification of PTEN expression.
A Multi-mode Electronic Load Sensing Control Scheme with Power Limitation and Pressure Cut-off for Mobile Machinery
Authors: Cheng Min , Sun Bolin , Ding Ruqi , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In mobile machinery, hydro-mechanical pumps are increasingly replaced by electronically controlled pumps to improve the automation level, but diversified control functions(e. g., power limitation and pressure cut-off) are integrated into the electronic controller only from the pump level, leading to the potential instability of the overall system. To solve this problem, a multi-mode electrohydraulic load sensing (MELS) control scheme is proposed especially considering the switching stability from the system level, which includes four working modes of flow control, load sensing, power limitation, and pressure control. Combined with defined control priority, a switching rule including bilateral and unilateral switching for different modes is then established according to the actual requirements of mobile machinery. A comparative study was carried out based on a test rig with a 2-ton hydraulic excavator. The results show that the MELS controller can achieve the control functions of proper flow supplement, power limitation, and pressure control, which has good stability performance when switching between different control modes.
Effects of aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance and accumulation of cadmium in a Thai jasmine rice-Khao Dawk Mali 105 variety
Authors: Auesukaree Choowong , Bussarakum Jutamas , Sirirakphaisarn Sirin , Saengwilai Patompong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The contamination of paddy fields and rice grains by cadmium (Cd) adversely affects human health. Thus, many approaches have been proposed to reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice. Here, we investigate the potential of aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract (AMOLE) in decreasing uptake and toxicity of Cd in a popular Thai jasmine rice variety, Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). Plants were grown in Petri dishes, a hydroponic system, and a pot system under different concentrations of Cd, in the presence and absence of AMOLE. In Petri dishes, Cd reduced the percentage of germination by 79%, but the treatment with 0.5 mg mL -1 AMOLE significantly increased the germination percentage. Moreover, AMOLE significantly decreased Cd accumulation in rice seedlings by 97%. In the hydroponics system, 0.5 mg mL -1 AMOLE decreased Cd content in shoots by 48%. Although no significant physiological changes in response to Cd treatments were observed in the pot system, a large amount of Cd was accumulated in rice roots. The AMOLE treatments significantly reduced Cd accumulation in rice shoots and decreased Cd content in milled grain by half compared to those without AMOLE treatment. We conclude that AMOLE reduced Cd toxicity, enhanced seedling growth, and reduced Cd accumulation in rice grains.
Implementation of A Structured Emergency Nursing Framework Results in Significant Cost Benefit
Authors: Curtis Kate , Sivabalan Prabhu , Bedford David S. , Considine Julie , D’Amato Alfa , Shepherd Nada , Fry Margaret , Munroe Belinda , Shaban Ramon Z. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients are at risk of deterioration on discharge from an emergency department (ED) to a ward, particularly in the first 72 hours. The implementation of a structured emergency nursing framework (HIRAID) in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia, resulted in a 50% reduction of clinical deterioration related to emergency nursing care. To date the cost implications of this are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine any net financial benefits arising from the implementation of the HIRAID emergency nursing framework.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 2018 and February 2019 across two hospitals in regional NSW, Australia. Costs associated with the implementation of HIRAID at the study sites were calculated using an estimate of initial HIRAID implementation costs (AUD) ($492,917) and ongoing HIRAID implementation costs ($134,077). Equivalent savings (i.e. in less patient deterioration) were calculated using projected estimates of ED admission and patient deterioration episodes via OLS regression with confidence intervals for incremental additional deterioration costs per episode used as the basis for scenario analysis.
Results
The HIRAID-equivalent savings exceed the costs of implementation under all scenarios (Conservative, Expected and Optimistic). The estimated preliminary savings to the study sites was $1,914,252 with a payback period of 75 days. Conservative projections estimated a net benefit of $1,813,760 per annum by 2022-23. The state-wide projected equivalent savings benefits of HIRAID equalled $227,585,008 per annum, by 2022-23.
Conclusions
The implementation of HIRAID reduced costs associated with resources consumed from patient deterioration episodes. The HIRAID-equivalent savings exceed the costs of implementation across a range of scenarios, and upscaling would result in significant patient and cost benefit.
Mitigating Heat Stress By Dietary Manipulation of Dried Pulp of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica L.) In Broilers Ration: Growth Dynamics, Lipids Profile, Redox Balance, Cellular And Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Hassan Mah , Chand Naila , Khan Rifat Ullah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A total of 700 day old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were weighed and allocated to 28 floor pens (25 birds per pen). Five diets were prepared and allocated in a completely randomized design consisting of a control (basal diet) and four levels of dried Tamarind seeds pulp (DTSP) powder at the rate of 5 (DTSP-5), 7.5 (DTSP-7.5), 10 (DTSP-10) and 12.5 (DTSP-12.5) g/kg of feed for 35 days under heat stress condition. Body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased significantly (P<0.05) in the DTSP fed broilers compared to the control. Blood concentration of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. However, antibody titre against New Castle disease (ND) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly (P<0.05) lower in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP4-12.5 compared to the control. However, blood HDL was significantly (P<005) higher in DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Blood LDL was significantly (P<0.05) lower in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 compared to the control. Significantly (P<0.05) higher total leucocytes count (TLC) was found in DTSP-12.5, however, heterophils were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the same group. In contrast, lymphocytes increased significantly (P<0.05) in DTSP-7, DTSP-10 and DTSP-12.5 while monocytes was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the same group. In conclusion, DTSP-5 supplementation improved growth, however, redox balance, cholesterol profile and cellular and humoral immunity increased in DTSP-5, DTSP-7.5 and DTSP-12.5 in broilers exposed to heat stress.
SMURF2 phosphorylation at Thr249 modifies the stemness and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells by regulating TGF-β receptor stability
Authors: Hiraiwa Manami , Fukasawa Kazuya , Iezaki Takashi , Sabit Hemragul , Horie Tetsuhiro , Tokumura Kazuya , Iwahashi Sayuki , Murata Misato , Kobayashi Masaki , Park Gyujin , Kaneda Katsuyuki , Todo Tomoki , Hirao Atsushi , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Hinoi Eiichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the most malignant form of glioma. The implication and underlying mechanisms of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) on the GSC phenotypes remain unknown. We previously demonstrated that SMURF2 phosphorylation at Thr249 (SMURF2Thr249) activates its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Here, we demonstrate that SMURF2Thr249 phosphorylation plays an essential role in maintaining GSC stemness and tumorigenicity. SMURF2 silencing augmented the self-renewal potential and tumorgenicity of patient-derived GSCs. The SMURF2Thr249 phosphorylation level was low in human glioblastoma pathology specimens. Introduction of the SMURF2T249A mutant resulted in increased stemness and tumorgenicity of GSCs, recapitulating the SMURF2 silencing. Moreover, the inactivation of SMURF2Thr249 phosphorylation increases TGF-β receptor (TGFBR) protein stability. Indeed, TGFBR1 knockdown markedly counteracted the GSC phenotypes by SMURF2T249A mutant. These findings highlight the importance of SMURF2Thr249 phosphorylation in maintaining GSC phenotypes, thereby demonstrating a potential target for GSC-directed therapy.
Fungal Solubilisation and Subsequent Microbial Methanation of Coal Processing Wastes
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Sharma Anima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Large quantities of rejects from coal processing plants are currently disposed of as waste piles or in ponds and rivers, resulting in environmental concerns including pollution of rivers and ground and surface water contamination. This work investigates for the first time, a two-stage microbial process for converting coal processing wastes to methane, involving (1) fungal solubilisation of coal rejects and (2) microbial methanation of the solubilised products. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma viride and Neurospora discreta were screened for their ability to solubilise coal rejects. N. discreta was found to be the most suitable candidate based on the extent of bio-solubilisation, laccase activity, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. Bio-methanation of fungal-solubilised coal rejects was carried out in mesophilic anaerobic reactors with no additional carbon source, using inoculum from an anaerobic food digester. Coal rejects solubilised by N. discreta produced 3 to 6-fold higher methane compared to rejects solubilised by the other two fungi. No methane was produced from untreated coal rejects, demonstrating the importance of the fungal solubilisation stage. A total of 4.1 mmol methane was generated per gram of carbon in 15 days from N. discreta-solubilised coal rejects. This process offers a timely, environment-friendly, and sustainable solution for treatment of coal rejects and the generation of value-added products such as methane and volatile fatty acids.
Exclusion Criteria of Breast Cancer Clinical Trial Protocols: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Wan Clara , Caston Nicole E. , Ingram Stacey A. , Rocque Gabrielle B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose3% of US adults with cancer are enrolled in a clinical trial due to various barriers to enrollment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability of eligibility criteria, which currently have no standard guidelines. MethodsThis descriptive analysis utilized all therapeutic breast protocols offered at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 2004-2020. Exclusion criteria were abstracted using OnCore and ClinicalTrials.gov. Laboratory values included liver function tests and hematologic labs. Comorbid conditions included congestive heart failure, cardiovascular disease, central nervous system (CNS) metastases, and prior cancer history. Comorbid conditions were further analyzed by amount of time protocols required participants to be from diagnosis or exacerbation-free. Results102 protocols were eligible. Among liver laboratory values, bilirubin (78%) was included in most protocols ranging from institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (9%) to 3xULN (2%), with 1.5xULN (56%) being most common. Similar variability was observed in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Among hematological labs, 82% of protocols defined a lower limit of acceptable absolute neutrophil count ranging from 500μL (1%) to 1,800μL (1%), with 1,500μL (64%) being most common. Of the comorbid conditions, exclusion criteria varied for congestive heart failure (49%), an acute exacerbation of cardiovascular disease (80%), CNS metastases (59%) and a prior cancer (66%). The allowable timeframe varied between protocols for cardiovascular disease and prior cancer. ConclusionSubstantial heterogeneity was observed across laboratory values and comorbid variables among protocols. Future research should focus on defining standardized eligibility criteria while allowing for deviation based on drug specificity.
Towards New Multiwavelets: Associated Filters and Algorithms. Part I: Theoretical Framework and Investigation of Biomedical Signals, ECG and Coronavirus Cases
Authors: Jallouli Malika , Zemni Makerem , Mabrouk Anouar Ben , Mahjoub Momahed Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biosignals are nowadays important subjects for scientific researches from both theory, and applications, especially, with the appearance of new pandemics threatening the humanity such as the new Coronavirus. One aim in the present work is to prove that Wavelets may be a successful machinery to understand such phenomena by applying a step forward extension of wavelets to multi-wavelets. We proposed in a first step to improve multi-wavelet notion by constructing more general families using independent components for multi-scaling, and multi-wavelet mother functions. A special multi-wavelet is then introduced, continuous, and discrete multi-wavelet transforms are associated, as well as new filters, and algorithms of decomposition, and reconstruction. The constructed multi-wavelet framework is applied for some experimentations showing fast algorithms, ECG signal, and a strain of Coronavirus processing.