bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of Electronic Innovation on Performance Of Three To Five Star Hotels in Kenya.
Authors: Gioko Sylvia 
Published: May 2021

Electronic innovation influence on performance of three to five star hotels in Kenya
Sylvia Mukenyi Gioko Department of Business Administration, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Elegwa Mukulu College of Human Resource Development, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Oloko Margarate Department of Business Administration, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract
The hotel industry heavily depends on the development of information systems so as to adapt technology, which is the single greatest force driving change in the hospitality industry .The role of innovation in the contemporary hotel industry is significantly important in sustaining competitive advantage, innovation in the hotel industry enables hotels to adopt novel ideas, improve service processes, and enhance operational efficiency levels. It also helps the hotels in meeting the needs of their customers, earn sales and achieve profitability, engage in corporate social responsibility and maintain competitive advantages in rapidly-changing markets. The Kenya tourism sector experienced loss of revenue of 74 percent indirect international tourism receipts for 2020 translating to 37 billion shillings (336 million US dollars) loss against projected revenue of 1.34 billion dollars for the review period. In light of these, this study sought to establish the influence of e-innovation on performance of three to five star hotels in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive form of research design. In addition, a qualitative research approach was utilized. The target population for the study was the one hundred and twelve three to five star hotels in Kenya. Multiple regression model was used to draw inference from the data collected. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was utilized for statistical analysis. Findings reveal that e-innovation had an average of 3.7023 with a standard deviation of 0.41903. In addition, there was a significant R square value of 0.362 between e-innovation and performance of three to five star hotel. This suggests that 36.2% of variation in hotel performance is explained by e-innovation. The study recommend that greater focus on e-innovation in hotels could bring competitive advantage through increase of number of online purchases, raised customer satisfaction by time-saving.
Key words: Electronic innovation, Electronic customer relationship management, Performance
Optimization of recycled slag-fresh flux mixture based upon weld bead quality for submerged arc welding of stainless steel
Authors: Jindal Sandeep , Singh Harpreet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Submerged arc welding (SAW) has been performed using slag-fresh flux mixture on duplex stainless steel plates. Experiments were performed by recycled slag-fresh flux mixtures with iron powder; iron powder is mixed to maintain and enhance the weld strength. The effect of composition variation of slag-fresh flux mixture on weld bead geometry parameters have been investigated quantitatively. Weld bead characteristics viz. bead width; bead height; penetration area; reinforcement area, form factor and dilution were observed by metallography operations for each experiment. For varying the composition of slag-fresh flux mixture, mixture design technique; Scheffe Quadratic Model (SQM) was used. Empirical relations were developed for weld bead characteristics in terms of fresh flux, slag and iron powder and statistically checked for significance. Finally, recycled slag-fresh flux composition was optimized using desirability approach.
Design and optimization of differential capacitive micro accelerometer for vibration measurement
Authors: Gomathi Kumar , Balaji Arunachalam , Mrunalini Thangaraj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the design and optimization of a differential capacitive micro accelerometer for better displacement since other types of micro accelerometer lags in sensitivity and linearity. To overcome this problem, a capacitive area-changed technique is adopted to improve the sensitivity even in a wide acceleration range (0–100 g). The linearity is improved by designing a U-folded suspension. The movable mass of the accelerometer is designed with many fingers connected in parallel and suspended over the stationary electrodes. This arrangement gives the differential comb-type capacitive accelerometer. The area changed capacitive accelerometer is designed using Intellisuite 8.6 Software. Design parameters such as spring width and radius, length, and width of the proof mass are optimized using Minitab 17 software. Mechanical sensitivity of 0.3506 μm/g and Electrical sensitivity of 4.706 μF/g are achieved. The highest displacement of 7.899 μm is obtained with a cross-axis sensitivity of 0.47%.
Irregular topological indices of certain metal organic frameworks
Authors: Chu Yu-Ming , Abid Muhammad , Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Fahad Asfand , Aslam Adnan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is interesting to study the molecular topology that provides a base for relationship of physicochemical property of a definite molecule. The topology of a molecule and the irregularity of the structure plays a vital character in shaping properties of the structure like enthalpy and entropy. In this article, we are interested to calculate some irregular topological indices of two classes of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) namely BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) based metal (M = Co, Fe, Mn, Cr) organic frameworks (MBHT) and M1TPyP-M2 (TPyP = 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-pyridyl) porphyrin and M1, M2, = Fe and Co) MOFs. Also we compare our results graphically.
Actividad antioxidante en genotipos de Theobroma spp. (Malvaceae) en México
Authors: Iñiguez Jorge Cadena , Avendaño Arrazate Carlos Hugo , Campos Rojas Eduardo , López Palestina Cesar Uriel , Martínez Bolaños Misael , Caballero Pérez Juan Francisco , Báez Alonso Moisés , Ariza Flores Rafael 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The organoleptic qualities of aromatic species and their derived products are directly related to some characteristics of flavor, color and nutritional value and depend largely on their genetic origin and content of secondary metabolites. Objective: the antioxidant activity of different genotypes of Theobroma spp. from Mexico was evaluated in order to distinguish promising qualities for genetic improvement, and to differentiate phylogenetic traits, considering biochemical variables. Methods: the amount of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DDPH, in addition to the content of anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine in four species of Theobroma L., and 50 genotypes derived from T. cacao. The results were analyzed using an analysis of variance, means test, principal component analysis and cladistic analysis. Results: there are highly significant differences between genotypes. The phenol content ranged from 7.5-85 mg g-1; flavonoids 6.57-69.6 mg g-1, antioxidant activity by ABTS of 17.3-86.1 and by DDPH of 40.0-53.3; anthocyanin content of 0.01-3, caffeine of 1.8-6.7-and theobromine of 2.9-9.8 mg g-1. Principal component and cladistic analysis helped explain the variation found and distinguish evolutionary characters and phylogenetic brotherhoods. The variation in content of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine was mainly due to the degree of domestication, while for the group of genotypes derived from T. cacao (forastero, trinitario and criollo) it was the origin of the seeds. Conclusions: the degree of domestication influences the content of phenols and antioxidant capacity. The results suggest that the evaluated variables can help to form criteria for genetic improvement in the complex derived from T. cacao oriented to the selection of higher phenol content and greater antioxidant activity.
Gafas violetas, pero… ¿con qué lentes? Recorridos teóricos entre la producción y reproducción del trabajo
Authors: Colombo Andreina 
Published: May 2021

Este artículo constituye una propuesta para adentrarse en los debates teóricos en torno al concepto de trabajo o trabajos en clave de género, particularmente en aquel que se centra en las relaciones entre los ámbitos de la producción y la reproducción. El objetivo de esta lectura es establecer las variaciones más significativas resaltando diferencias y similitudes de las herramientas conceptuales que se presentan. Con base en la analogía óptica de las “gafas violetas”, se identifican heterogeneidades entre tres perspectivas: (i) con lentes monofocales (desde la producción o la reproducción), mirada que tiene el foco explicativo y descriptivo en uno de los ámbitos, desde el cual se expone y cobra significado el otro; (ii) con lentes bifocales, al atender los trabajos productivo y reproductivo en igual nivel, estableciendo claras líneas de diferenciación entre ellos; y (iii) con lentes progresivos, al captar ambos ámbitos entendiéndolos como un continuo, resaltando simultaneidades, superposiciones e intermitencias. Ante la proliferación de estudios con perspectiva de género y sin desconocer la peculiaridad que abarca cada uno, resulta importante señalar que la clave de lectura aquí propuesta contribuye a identificar la pertinencia de cada “lente” para captar las configuraciones particulares de los trabajos y complementar dicho análisis teniendo en cuenta un tiempo y un lugar específicos.
A Critical Appraisal of Dismissals at the Behest of a Third Party: The Impact of the Constitutional Labour Rights
Authors: Tumo Charles Maloka  
Published: May 2021

The pivotal judgments on dismissals at the behest of a third party – East Rand Proprietary Mines Ltd v UPUSA, Lebowa Platinum Mines v Hill, NUMSA v Hendor Mining Supplies a Division of Marschalk Beleggings (Pty) Ltd, TSI Holdings (Pty) Ltd v NUMSA, NUPSAW obo Mani v National Lotteries Board and NUMSA v High Goal Investments t/a Chuma Security Services – deeply implicate discrimination in all its manifestations, accountability, gendered precariousness and social justice. This contribution explores the focal questions raised in recent times concerning the fairness of a dismissal at the instance of a third party. First, there are fundamental points relating to the constitutional and statutory protection of security of employment. Secondly, there are those familiar problems often associated with substantive and procedural fairness that surface here under the guise of questioning the disciplinary power of the employer. In this context, inroads into managerial prerogative and disciplinary procedure are amplified where there has been no fault on the part of the employee and no breakdown of the trust relationship, or where the employee has been disciplined, but not dismissed and the employer did not want to terminate the employee’s employment but was coerced by the third party to do so. Thirdly, there is the thorny issue of the reason behind the third-party demand and the related issue of intolerability caused by the targeted employee. And finally, there is the issue of striking in support of a demand for dismissal of a co-employee.
Voluntary Withdrawal in the Context of Attempt – A Defence?
Authors: Shannon Hoctor  
Published: May 2021

Once a crime has been committed, full repentance and restoration do not have any bearing on liability, but may be taken into account in mitigation of sentence. On the other hand, there is no question of criminal liability ensuing for an attempt at a crime if there is a withdrawal from the envisaged crime while still in the stage of preparation, and before, in South African law, reaching the watershed moment of the “commencement of the consummation”. However, what occurs between the moment when the attempt begins, and the moment when the crime has been completed, where there has been a withdrawal from the criminal purpose, is more contested terrain. The disagreement does not apparently arise in the South African case law, where the few judgments that refer to this question have consistently held that where the accused withdraws after the commencement of the consummation of the crime, there will be attempt liability and, at best, the accused may rely on the abandonment as a mitigating factor in sentencing. However, as is discussed, prominent South African academic commentators, along with comparative sources in both the civil-law and common-law jurisdictions, demur from such an “unyielding analysis”, and would regard such withdrawal as giving rise to a defence to criminal liability. Which approach ought to be applied in South African law?
The question may be posed as to how to categorise a defence of voluntary withdrawal? It is neither a justification ground nor a ground excluding fault, but rather a ground excluding punishment. The uniqueness of the defence is demonstrated in that the accused has already met all the requirements for liability, and thus it is not an intending criminal, but an actual criminal who is being considered. This is at least true of the common-law approach (also adopted by South African law), where a two-stage approach is applied to the trial, relating first to establishing criminal liability and followed, if guilt is so established, by an inquiry into sentence. At the outset, it may be stated that the view that is taken in the discussion that follows is that there is no good reason to treat voluntary abandonment as a special defence. As Yaffe has stated, to grant a defence on the basis of abandonment is to mistake the absence of a reason to issue a particular sanction rather than a lower one for a sufficient reason to issue no sanction at all.In the discussion that follows, the current case law is examined, whereafter the alternative approach contended for by some academic writers (and used in other jurisdictions) is discussed; the arguments for and against a renunciation defence are set out, before these aspects are drawn together in a final concluding analysis.
The “Revolving Door” of the Customary Marriages’ Validity Requirement in Action ‒ Mbungela v Mkabi [2019] ZASCA 134
Authors: Mpho Paulus Bapela  , Phillip Lesetja Monyamane  
Published: May 2021

On the face of it, section 3 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (RCMA) does not look ominous. Notwithstanding the plain language of the above provision, there is abundant case law and academic articles dealing with the interpretation and/or application of section 3(1)(b) in particular. A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in Mbungela v Mkabi ((820/2018) [2019] ZASCA 134) adds to what is fast becoming a jurisprudence of the salient issues relating to the understanding of paragraph (b) of subsection (1). The issue of the scope of this paragraph has become more relevant in the inquiry into the transfer and/or integration of the bride into the groom’s family pursuant to the conclusion of a lobolo agreement. In his latest academic offering, Manthwa introduces this ongoing Achilles heel of customary marriages by referencing a number of cases and academic opinions; the references serve to justify the relevance of his work in the presence of so much jurisprudence on the topic. It is prudent to highlight also that Bakker provided an insightful criticism of the court a quo in Mkabe v Minister of Home Affairs ((2014/84704) [2016] ZAGPPHC 460). On the whole, it is argued here that the judgment of the SCA is incorrect in a few material respects and that the criticism by Bakker of the court a quo is legally sound and contributes meaningfully to the jurisprudence in this area.As this case note demonstrates, the SCA not only incorrectly interprets and applies the law, but the judgment also unjustifiably departs from precedents relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. In effect therefore, it is submitted, the SCA establishes a changeable attitude relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. This attitude is symptomatic of an apparent constitutional interpretation that desires a specific outcome almost at any cost. As such, this case note is relevant as it captures the latest instalment of the changing attitude towards the precepts of the transfer and/or integration of the bride. Thus, there is as much a need for continuous monitoring of this revolving door of interpretation and/or application as there is for cases dealing with this aspect. The matter is therefore considered as unsettled and merits ongoing academic discourse.This issue of unsettled law finds resonance in the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha ([2004] ZACC 17 par 112).In light of the foregoing, the casuistic and often contradictory jurisdiction on the issue of transfer and/or integration of the bride is considered in the context of the constitutional injunction in terms of section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) and the facts of the case in Mbungela v Mkabi (supra).
POPIA Code of Conduct for Research (with corrigendum)
Authors: Adams Rachel , Adeleke Fola , Anderson Dominique , Bawa Ahmed , Branson Nicola , Christoffels Alan , De Vries Jantina , Etheredge Harriet , Flack-Davison Eleni , Gaffley Mark , Marks Monique , Mdhluli Mongezi , Mahomed Safia , Molefe Mapitso , Muthivhi Tshilidzi , Ncube Caroline , Olckers Antonel , Papathanasopoulos Maria , Pillay Jane , Schonwetter Tobias , Singh Jerome Amir , Swanepoel Carmen , Ramsay Michèle 
Published: May 2021

The POPIA Code of Conduct for Research, as it is currently being considered, pertains to research conducted in South Africa, which, as part of the research process, uses personal information as defined under POPIA. This Discussion Document outlines the main areas relating to the processing of personal information for research purposes which the proposed Code will address, including what consent models would be permissible under POPIA; the issues in relation to genetic research and the processing of personal information contained in inherited characteristics; the use of information matching programmes by researchers; and the use of personal information obtained from social media platforms for research. With ongoing and wide consultation with the scientific community in South Africa and all relevant stakeholders, it is hoped that the Code will provide guidance in supporting the lawful and responsible use of personal information while conducting scientific research in South Africa.
The purpose and scope of the Code of Conduct for Research are set out in the accompanying Commentary available at https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10935
Education: An Excellent Opportunity to Respect, Maintain and Promote Indigenous Children’s Cultural and Linguistic Richness
Authors: Carpio Karla Del 
Published: May 2021

Education can provide the opportunity to affirm indigenous children’s cultural and linguistic identity by using their funds of knowledge as an essential tool in the teaching and learning process. This paper emphasizes the importance of using indigenous children’s voices, knowledge, and wisdom to continue to develop their talents and capacities to share, learn, inquire, analyze, and create. To do so, indigenous children should be given the opportunity to participate in meaningful activities that allow them to utilize their native language and culture which can be done through bilingual discussions, debates, artistic works, creation of poems, singing of songs, games and group activities related to their own indigenous culture while using both their native and second languages. Also, critical thinking skills can be developed through the use of this type of activities that can be artistic and also promote collaborative work since bringing the community together is fundamental in the indigenous cosmovision. In addition, the techniques that are suggested in this piece can help create a peaceful/harmonious environment in the classroom where students’ affective filters are open to welcome and practice the target language since enriching interactions that embrace diversity in all its dimensions are promoted. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to share some ideas to make the teaching and learning process more meaningful, respectful, harmonious, and enjoyable through artistic activities that promote indigenous children’s own language, culture and cosmovision. The ideas that will be discussed in this piece are based on a qualitative research study conducted at a Spanish-Indigenous Tsotsil bilingual school in Chiapas, Mexico.
The Effect of Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Collaborative Instruction on Students’ Writing and Speaking Skills
Authors: Murad Tareq , Sakhnin Yusra Ghadeer, , Assadi Jamal 
Published: May 2021

The current study seeks to examine English teachers’ attitudes towards using the collaborative teaching method to improve students’ skills at writing and speaking English. The purpose is to test the main following hypotheses: first, English language teachers are mostly unfamiliar with collaborative learning. Second, these techniques are not regularly used in English lessons. Third, most students enjoy practicing them. Fourth, these techniques lead to better performance in the students` language skills. The study was conducted among 15 high school English teachers. A questionnaire was used as a practical part. Data were collected and the results were: English teachers know and support learning techniques; they agree on the importance of these methods in the teaching process especially in improving students` language skills. Students enjoy practicing them. Common suggestions were proposed by the teachers for improving writing and speaking skills such as involvement of students in planning the learning process and setting goals and allowing for self-expression and teamwork. The importance of using various learning tools in combination with the collaborative methods was also emphasized. Finally, the research recommends that this kind of learning should be part
of the teachers' training program.
Morphosyntactic Analysis of Onitsha Personal Names
Authors: Ezeudo Chika Obiageli , Aboh Sopuruchi Christian , Idika Kalu Mba 
Published: May 2021

This study examines Onitsha personal names (OPN) from a morphosyntactic perspective. The major objective of this study is to examine the syntactic and morphological structure of some OPN. Specifically, the study seeks to ascertain the morphological processes and the relation in the internal structures of the morpheme that are combined to form the names. A sample of 250 names for both male and female were used for the analysis. The data were obtained from a list of names in schools, men and women religious associations. Oral interviews were conducted with native speakers in order to get clarifications as it concerns the meaning of the names. The roots, stems, and affixes of the names were analysed using the descriptive approach and applying the word formation rules. The findings reveal the following: that most of the morphological processes in the formation of OPN are predominantly clipping, prefixing and suffixing in a hierarchical manner, such that the meaning of the names are predictable from their structural components and most of these names are derived from clauses by desententialisation process; the philosophy behind the names are often lost due to clipping; OPN at sentential level can function as statements, interrogatives, or imperatives, commands; the morphological components in terms of size, length or shape can be monomorphemic, dimorphemic, trimorphemic and polymorphemic. Structurally, they can be single stem, compound or complex.