bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water pollution Its causes and effects
Authors: Hassan Al-Taai Suaad Hadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The topic of water contamination is one of the significant studies that, because of its great effect on the lives of humans, animals and plants alike, has attracted the attention of researchers and those interested in the environment. It is not less harmful than contamination of the air and soil, but more closely linked to them. The research centered on the study of the notion of pollution in general, then the notion of water pollution and its sources. In addition to groundwater contamination, there have been many pollution processes, the most important of which are biological, physical, and by dumping solid and liquid waste into waters of rivers, lakes and seas.
Modified nano particles method for fluorescent dye removal from aqueous samples
Authors: ALfarhani Bassam F. , Al-Mousawi Riyam R. , Aziz Raghad Shakeer , Shingar Fadha Kareem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposites (NCs) such as, Fe3O4/GO using CO-sedimentation method. The synthesized NCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),). Through experiments and measurements, it was found that the compound (Fe3o4-GO) achieved the highest extraction rates of cyclic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions, with a percentage of pyrene extracting 96% and fluorine 94%. Then the detection limit (LOD) and The quantitative limit (LOQ) of The hydroxy PAHs were determined using room temperature fluorescence spectroscopy technique and it was found (95%Graphene oxide, 85%Tannic acid, 53%(hummic acid). Then The synthesized nanoparticle was used to extract cyclic PAHs from an aqueous solution and The removal percentage were (96% pyrene, 94% fluorene). The results obtained showed the high value of the removal ratio that indicates of the tremendous power of the synthesized nanoparticles on removal of PAH.
Noise Level in Textile Industries: Case Study Al-Hillah Textile Factory-Company for Textile Industries, Al-Hillah-Babylon-Iraq
Authors: Chabuk Ali , Hammood Zahraa Ali , Abed Salwan Ali , Kadhim Majid M.A. , Hashim Khalid , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Laue Jan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, Al-Hillah Textile Factory, in Al-Hillah city-Iraq follows to State Company for Textile Industries was selected to study the intensity of noise in 2014. Measurements of the noise level were carried out in different workshops for each of the production stages including the spinning machinery workshop (parts 1 and 2), the rotating machinery room, the preparations room, and the textile machinery room (Roti model), weaving machines: Techmash model room Russian-made model room, Sheets’ machinery room, and operator machines room; using two noise meters (model 2237 Fulfici). Fifty samples were collected in each part of these rooms to give realistic results for the noise level. After recording the noise level data, the highest and lowest values and the average of noise intensity readings were calculated in each of the rooms and compared with the global standards permitted by the EPA for industrial facilities. The results of this study showed that the general rate of noise intensity in all rooms exceeded the permissible limits, which impose a noise level of 65-70dB for such industrial establishments according to EPA recommendations in 2008.
Effect of Adding the Biological Fertilizer, Fulzyme Plus, and Spraying CaC12 on Efficiency of the Rhizoctonia Fungus, and the Qualitative of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum L)
Authors: Almohammedi Omar H.M. , Kokaz Noor Mahmoud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA experiment was conducted to study in the spring of 2020 in Anbar – Heet to investigate the effect of adding the biological fertilizer, Fulzyme Plus, and spraying using CaC12 on the qualitative features of the Solanum Tuberosum L cv. of potatoes (Arizona) produced by Nahar Al-Awrad company for Potatoes Trading and Agricultural Equipment. The potato tubers were planted on 31/1/2020. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). They were planted as treatments randomly in three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of the treatment T7 for iron of the product. Also, it showed 17.40 % superiority in the percentage of the dry composition in the tubers, 8.303% protein, 1.0666 g\cm3 qualitative density of the tubers, 11.50% starch, and 5.96.% T.S.S. The pathogenicity test showed the isolating Rhizoctonia fungus presented the lowest percentage, 3.57 of T7 treatment where a fertilizer and spraying were used in comparison with the comparison treatment that showed the highest percentage of pathogenicity (T2 = 29.52) where Rhizoctonia fungus was used.
The effect of salvia officinalis aqueous extract on generation number and time of leishmania tropica
Authors: Ahmed Neama Ali , Yusif Ban 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present study examined the toxic effect of aqueous extracts, ethanol and petroleum ether, Salvia Officinalis, on the promastigote of L. tropica parasites growing in Tobies medium with human blood added (15%). The results showed that the aqueous and alcoholic extract and petroleum ether at different concentrations used concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) mg/cm3 clear toxic effect on these parasites through a gradual decrease in their number with an increase in the concentration of each extract for an inverse relationship during growth periods (96, 72, 48, and 24 hours. It also showed that the high concentration of extracts (0.2) mg/cm3 led to an activation of the anterior flagellar growth with rates (80.6, 84.5, 71.9%) of the aqueous extract, ethanol alcohol and petroleum ether respectively. Exposing the frontal flagellum of L. tropica to ICSO concentration of both aqueous, alcoholic and petroleum extract of sage and nettle plants during the 96-hour period led to a decrease in DNA by (49.5, 55.2, 13.6), respectively, and also to RNA by (74.7, 73.9, 23.3).
Assessment of heavy metal concentration of two species of birds in Hor Al-Dalmaj, Southern Iraq
Authors: Kandoh Ahmed Alaa , Abed Salwan Ali , Salim Mudhafat A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out on Hor Al-Dalmaj in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, this study included assessing the concentration of heavy elements (lead, cadmium and copper) in two types of birds. swamphens and moorhen (Gallinula chloropus and Porphyrio alleni). The results of measurement of the concentration of heavy elements are shown, the highest average concentration of elemental Lead. in the bird samples it was 233.8 ppm in Liver samples of Gallinula chloropus during the summer season. For Cadmium concentrations, the highest concentration for bird samples the highest concentration reached 2.316 ppm in the muscles of a bird Porphyrio alleni during the winter season. The concentration of the copper element reached the highest significant concentration in birds reached 37.7 ppm in the muscles Porphyrio alleni during the summer season.
Local Community Perceptions of the KHDTK Mungku Baru Management, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Afitah Ise , Purnama Ardiyansyah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMungku Baru Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) was forest located in the city of Palangka Raya. This KHDTK functions as an area that provides very high economic and ecological value to improve the quality of life of the local community from the economic value of the area as a producing area for fish, resin, rubber latex, and other non-timber forest products. This study aims to determine the local community’s perception of the management activities of the KHDTK Mungku Baru. From the research results, it was known that the level of local community perception were included in the low category with an average score of 18.8. Factors on the number of family members, education, and counseling influence the formation of local community perceptions. The low level of local community perception were generally caused by not being involved in planning activities, the level of education that is still inadequate and the level of local community knowledge of the Mungku Baru KHDTK which is still lacking.
Tiger Barb (Puntiustetrazona) Spawning Using Different Substrates
Authors: Rumondang  , Fansyah Suhardi Indra , Batubara Juliwati P , Laila Khairani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Availability of quality and effective tiger barb seeds is highly limited and leads to unfulfilled market demand. This study was conducted from April - May 2018 in the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Asahan. Result of analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that Fstatistic≫Ftable (636,097≫0,17), thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, hence treatment of different substrates significantly affected egg number of tiger barb. Similarly, the value of fecundity, hatching rate, and survival rate obtained in this study resulted in Fstatistic≫Ftable (353.676≫0,17) or H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, hence significant effect on hatching rate was obtained due to substrate treatment and Fstatistic≫Ftable (38,741≫0,17) H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which reflected significant influence on tiger barb survival by reason of different substrate treatment. Hatching Rate is obtained by calculating the number of eggs hatched by tiger barbs (Puntiustetrazona). The highest hatching rate of tiger barb in this study was observed in treatment of Hydrillasp (88,14%) followed by palm fiber (72,89%) and water hyacinth (72,75%), while the lowest percentage was obtained by treatment of twigs and raffia rope.
Determining symmetry groups ongeometric builds using reflection and rotation tests
Authors: Rangkuti Rizki Kurniawan , Ayu Ramadhana Raden Sri , Ritonga Wahyu Azhar , Romadhon Marpaung Muhammad Fauzi , Munthe Syabrina Rasyid , Watrianthos Ronal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research is motivated by the researcher’s desire to see the folding and rotational symmetry in geometric shapes whether they meet the symmetries for certain aspects and form a group. The method used in testing the symmetry of a group in geometric shapes is by testing reflection and rotation with a combination of linear and abstract algebra using an ordered matrix, where the geometric shapes are traced on each particular aspect until they meet the symmetry. From the results of the method used, it is found that the triangles to the octagon groups are symmetrical through the test of rotation and reflection of the geometric shapes. Thus, it can be concluded that group symmetry occurs up to the order of eight in geometric shapes. Based on the pattern, starting from the pentagon it is not a symmetry group, the hexagon includes the symmetry group, the heptagon is not a symmetry group, the octagon includes a symmetry group, then the nonagon is not a symmetry group and the decagon belongs to the symmetry group
Analysis of The Heavy Metal Content of Pb, Cu and Hg in Leachate at Final Waste Disposal Batu Bola Padangsidimpuan City
Authors: Harahap Fatma Suryani , Syahputra Adi , Ginting Nurmaini , Sah Nasir , Fajri Muharram 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Safe and proper disposal of waste is an important component in integrated waste management. The method of accumulating garbage in landfills (TPA) can result in a decrease in environmental quality due to air pollution due to solid waste burning, groundwater pollution due to leaching, and an increasing number of disease vectors that can endanger the health of waste collectors and residents. around the landfill. The purpose of this study was to determine the metal content of Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Copper (Cu) in the leachate of TPA BatuBola. This research method uses descriptive exploratory method by conducting a survey first. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer is a tool used in this study. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the test result data with the quality standards by Permen LHK P.59 / 2016 and Permen LHK No.5 / 2014. The data shows that the concentration of Hg metal is <0.0004 mg / L. Meanwhile, the threshold set by the government is 0.005 mg / L. The concentration of lead metal (Pb) also shows a value that is below the quality standard threshold, namely <0.003 mg / L, while the set limit is 0.1 mg / L. As well, the measurement of copper metal (Cu) is still below the quality standard threshold, namely <0.006 mg / L, while the limit set by the government is 2.0 mg / L. However, caution must be exercised because if it is accumulated in large quantities it can still be dangerous.
Biogas : Renewable Energy
Authors: Hilda Lelya , Lubis Rosimah , Replita  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biogas has several advantages comparing on the use of fossils fuels such as gasoline and natural gas. Biogas can be produced continuously because it grows from the organic raw materials to create a clean and healthy environment and free pollution. Utilization of animal waste as an energy source of biogas will not reduce the amount of organic fertilizer produced, but will produce methane (CH4) as an energy source. The research was done by mixing cow dung, rumen and water with various comparing materials and time to produce the highest biodiesel. The result of research by mixing cow dung (rumen) and water produced the highest biogas in a 1: 2 mixture. From the 3rd day, it has produced biogas but cannot be used because the CO and CO2 contents are very high. The result on the 10th day, it can be already used. The highest biogas production was resulted on 15th – 16th day in which producing 5 liters biogas from 110 kg cow waste with 220 kg water contents. The results are getting smaller but it still produces until the 30th day. The highest result to produce renewable energy was by utilizing without reducing the function of organic fertilizer.
Effect of variations in Composition and Sintering Temprature on Mechanical Properties Ceramic Membrane with Bentonite, Sinabung Volcanic Ash and Carbon Active
Authors: Hasanah Moraida , Sembiring Timbangen , Sebayang Kerista , Humaidi Syahrul , Rahmadsyah  , Fynnisa Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
All articles must contain an abstract. The abstract text should be formatted using 10 point Times or Times New Roman and indented 25 mm from the left margin. Leave 10 mm space after the abstract before you begin the main text of your article, starting on the same page as the abstract. The abstract should give readers concise information about the content of the article and indicate the main results obtained and conclusions drawn. The abstract is not part of the text and should be complete in itself; no table numbers, figure numbers, references or displayed mathematical expressions should be included. It should be suitable for direct inclusion in abstracting services and should not normally exceed 200 words in a single paragraph. Since contemporary information-retrieval systems rely heavily on the content of titles and abstracts to identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.
Water Quality Parameters of Tofu Wastewater: A Review
Authors: Laksono Putro Primadi Gayuh , Hadiyanto H. , Amirudin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The tofu industry’s existence is quite potential in recruiting labors, which can improve the economy of the surrounding community. On the other hand, it can also have a negative impact due to the wastewater produced from the tofu making process, which can damage the environment. Water is widely used as material for washing and boiling soybeans; due to the large use of water in making tofu and tempeh, fermented soybeans. The resulting waste is also quite large. This research presents a literature review with primary data on articles, magazines, reports, and theories. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the water quality parameters of tofu waste. The liquid waste produced by the tofu-making industry is a thick liquid that is separated from the clumps of tofu, which is called whey. This liquid contains high levels of protein and can quickly break down. This waste is often disposed of directly without prior treatment, resulting in a bad smell and polluting the environment. There are several parameters used to measure water quality, including physical, chemical, and biological properties.
Towards an adaptable quality monitoring process for self-piercing riveting
Authors: Noller Vanessa , Walther Ulrich , Meschut Gerson , Bäck Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the automotive industry self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a standard joining technology, especially for vehicles with a high mix of materials. The applied quality control system and the underlying quality decisions have hardly changed in the recent years. The commonly used combination of process monitoring and rework strategies leads to a large number of false positives and a high amount of manual work. The collected process data is not used comprehensively and misses the potential to improve the SPR process. This article introduces a quality monitoring method for SPR to show a proof of concept by using machine learning to predict faulty joining points. Based on numerous technical and statistical features extracted from the force-displacement curve of SPR, the trained model categorizes the observations in two rivet head height (RHH) classes. An evolutionary algorithm is used for the feature selection and a random forest model for classification. The resulting accuracy scores up to 84.4% and shows the potential of the developed random forest model. The potential application of this approach in the context of serial body-shop production improves the prediction of joining quality and the process availability significantly. This enables the adaptable rework of non-critical joining points depending on the classified RHH.
Joining suitability of cast aluminium for self-piercing riveting
Authors: Neuser M , Kappe F , Busch M , Grydin O , Bobbert M , Schaper M , Meschut G , Hausotte T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the increasing importance of reducing CO2 emissions, lightweight construction strategies are highly emphasized in the automotive industry. One of these strategies is lightweight moulding, which is used, for example, in the space frame design. Here, lightweight materials are joined with castings to form a structure that is well adapted to the application of force. Especially for multi-material joints, self-piercing riveting is frequently used as joining technology due to the wide range of joining possibilities and the high load-bearing capacities. However, the susceptibility of cast aluminium alloys to cracking due to the brittle microstructure causes great challenges for mechanical joining by self-piercing riveting. Therefore, this study investigates the suitability of the cast aluminium alloy AlSi9Mn for self-piercing riveting. Various improvement strategies are utilized to increase suitability considering of joining as well as material parameters. An evaluation of the joint and its damage characteristics is provided by metallographic analysis and industrial X-ray computed tomography (XCT). Metallographic analysis is used to determine the quality relevant characteristics of the joint, while XCT provides volumetric and non-destructive testing of the joint for internal cracks.
The influence of coating porosity on friction and wear during hot stamping of AlSi coated ultra-high strength steel
Authors: Venema J , Beentjes P C J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hot stamping is a forming process widely used in the automotive industry. Severe adhesive tool wear occurs in the hot stamping process. Hot friction draw tests are performed to investigate the influence of the coating porosity on friction and wear. No relationship is observed between the amount of coating porosity and friction. The results indicate that higher coating porosity leads to a higher amount of wear. However, the type and distribution of the intermetallics in the coating seems to be a more important factor regarding wear. A coating with very high porosity can have relatively low amount of adhesive tool wear if another distribution of phases is present.
Bending behavior of a hot stamped complex phase steel with tailored properties by local carburization
Authors: Horn A , Merklein M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Concerning lightweight design, hot stamping of boron-manganese steels has developed to a state-of-the-art process for manufacturing safety-relevant car body parts in the last two decades. To further improve passenger safety, the idea of components with tailored properties has become even more important. Normally, these process variants aim to bring in so-called soft zones, where a fully martensitic microstructure is prevented to significantly improve ductility. The growing importance of battery electric vehicles and their special requirements call for alternative processes. Especially the battery and its housing are often referred to as a no deformation zone. Concerning this matter, the new process of tailored carburization can be advantageous, since it aims to locally improve strength rather than ductility. Regarding the field of application as a safety-relevant component, the crash behavior is of high interest. In recent years, the three-point bending test has prevailed as a suitable comparative test to estimate crash performance. Within this work, the influence of various carburization parameters on the bending behavior is analyzed. The results reveal that the additional carburization improves punch force at the cost of the bending angle. By analyzing locally carburized samples it is shown, that especially the carburization of the tensile loaded side within the deformation zone is crucial for local strengthening under bending load.
Parameter study on press hardened components with tailored properties
Authors: Nestler M , Schönherr J , Haase R , Albert A , Stoll A , Kräusel V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In automotive industry, crash relevant parts are mainly manufactured by press hardening. An innovative process variant aims at producing components with tailored properties. For this purpose, the microstructural transformation is locally influenced to produce areas with lower strength. Hence, the forming tool is locally equipped with heating elements. Due to the non-uniform temperature distribution, the final part geometry results from a complex interaction of localized spring back, shrinkage and microstructure evolution. To achieve high geometric accuracy, a strong focus lies on the implementation of appropriate process parameters. A parameter study is performed in order to identify those process parameters, which mainly influence component distortion of a top hat profile. An automated test setup with a locally heated press hardening tool is used. As a result, the achieved hardness values and the geometric deviations are presented in dependence of the main influencing parameters.
Effect of heating temperatures on AlSi coating microstructure and fracture during hot-tensile tests
Authors: Zaman S B , Hazrati J , de Rooij M B , van den Boogaard A H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, the fracture behavior of different AlSi coating micro-structures is investigated. By changing the heating temperature, different AlSi coating micro-structures are obtained, due to varying diffusivity of iron. To study the fracture behavior of different coating micro-structures, uniaxial tensile tests are conducted at 700 °C. The hot tensile test involves heating the as-coated press hardening steel in a furnace to heating temperatures of 750, 920 and 1000 °C for 6 minutes of dwell time, after which the sample is cooled to the deformation stage at 700 °C. In this stage, the samples are uniaxially deformed for a fixed 20% macroscopic strain followed by cooling to room temperature. After the test, the coating micro-structure and fracture pattern are inspected under the microscope. For samples heated to 750 and 920 °C, coating fracture is observed; however, for samples heated to 1000 °C, no coating fracture is observed during the tensile deformation at 700 °C. The AlSi coating micro-structure, after heating at 1000 °C becomes sufficiently ductile to withstand 20% strain at 700 °C. The same micro-structure, however, fractures during uniaxial tensile deformation at 600 °C.