bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Chestnut Peel Facilitated Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Catalytic Efficacy in the Ring Opening Reaction of Styrene Oxide
Authors: Chauhan Maruf , Yadav Sushma , Pasricha Rama , Malhotra Priti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSustainable initiatives using various biologically active plant materials have been receiving huge amount of attention in the immediate past. Herein, we present the plant mediated synthetic methodology for preparing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) via a greener protocol using water chestnut peel (WCP), an agricultural bio‐waste whose versatility is well known both behaving as a stabilizing and reducing agent. This method of synthesis of ZnO NPs ensures a cost competitive, non‐toxic, economically viable and environmentally benign pathway while using WCP as efficient scaffolds. The crystalline nature and morphology of as synthesized NPs were confirmed using Powder X‐ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biogenically synthesized NPs have average crystalline size 20.49 nm and irregular spikes morphology. Furthermore, the biogenically synthesized ZnO NPs were utilized for catalysing the ring opening reaction of styrene oxide from aniline and aniline derivatives enabling the reaction reach up to 99 % yields. Motivated by the excellent conversion of ring opening reaction the biogenically synthesized catalyst has also been explored to earmark their versatility and efficiency for facilitating numerous organic transformations which simultaneously emphasise their role in safeguarding the environment.
Constructing High‐Performance Li‐ion Capacitors via Cobalt Fluoride with Excellent Cyclic Stability as Anode and Coconut Shell Biomass‐Derived Carbon as Cathode Materials
Authors: Jiao Ai‐Jun , Gao Jian‐Fei , He Zheng‐Hua , Li Feng‐Feng , Kong Ling‐Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) is a potential candidate for the next generation of energy storage devices due to high power density, high energy density and excellent cycle stability. Nonetheless, the problem of matching optimization is still faced for LIC. Many different approaches are explored to find a balance between the two storage mechanisms so that high performance LICs can be obtained. Here, CoF2, prepared by solvothermal method, showed reversible specific capacity of 307 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and 81 mAh g−1 after 10,000 cycles at 4 A g−1. Meanwhile, coconut shell is used as precursor for preparing natural porous carbon as cathode materials of LIC. The coconut shell biomass carbon (CSBC‐5), outstanding specific surface area (2767 m2 g−1), holds a capacity of 120 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The LIC, CoF2 as anode and CSBC‐5 as cathode, shows excellent cycle stability (65 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles), higher energy density of 82 Wh kg−1 (at power density of 190 W kg−1) and higher power density of 3800 W kg−1(at energy density of 50 Wh kg−1). Therefore, the material of CoF2 is a promising choice for the future anode and promotes the development of LIC.
Resolving the Structural Defects of Spent Li1−xCoO2 Particles to Directly Reconstruct High Voltage Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Ersha , Lin Jiao , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective and scalable recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries is an urgent need to address the environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by improper disposal. Herein, a practical solution is presented to recover and increase the stability of the layered structure from scrap Li1−xCoO2 via high‐temperature supplementation of Li and Mg doping, without an extra synthesis step or cost. All the regenerated products exhibit better electrochemical performance compared with the commercial cathode material. Within the voltage window of 3.0–4.6 V, 5% Mg‐recovery LiCoO2 (LMCO) exhibits a high discharge capacity of 202.9 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C, and 3% Mg‐recovery LiCoO2 shows enhanced capacity retention of 99.5% at 0.2 C after 50 cycles and maintains 96.8% at 1 C after 100 cycles. This is because high‐temperature supplementing metal ions is beneficial for eliminating the cracks and nano‐impurity particles on the surface of spent materials, thereby restoring the layered structure and electrochemical performance. The excellent electrochemical performances of Mg‐recovery LiCoO2 are attributed to Mg ions doping, which can inhibit the release of lattice oxygen and stabilize the surface structure. This process maximizes the utilization of the spent materials and provides a novel perspective for the non‐constructive recovery of spent materials.
Gold‐Catalyzed Transformation of Ynamides
Authors: Shandilya Shashank , Protim Gogoi Manash , Dutta Shubham , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractYnamide, a unique species with inherited polarization of nitrogen lone pair electron to triple bond, has been largely used for the developement of novel synthetic methods and the construction of unusual N‐bearing heterocycles. The reaction versatility of ynamide on umpolung reactivity, radical reactions and asymmetric synthesis have been recently reviewed. This review provides an overall scenic view into the gold catalyzed transformation of ynamides. The ynamides reactivity towards nitrogen‐transfer reagents, such as azides, nitrogen ylides, isoxazoles, and anthranils; oxygen atom‐transfer reagents, like nitrones, sulfoxides, and pyridine N‐oxides; and carbon nucleophiles under gold catalysis are herein uncovered. The scope as well the mechanistic insights of each reaction is also briefed.
UEG position paper on pancreatic cancer. Bringing pancreatic cancer to the 21st century: Prevent, detect, and treat the disease earlier and better
Authors: Michl Patrick , Löhr Matthias , Neoptolemos John P. , Capurso Gabriele , Rebours Vinciane , Malats Nuria , Ollivier Mathilde , Ricciardiello Luigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the deadliest cancer worldwide with a 98% loss‐of‐life expectancy and a 30% increase in the disability‐adjusted life years during the last decade in Europe. The disease cannot be effectively prevented nor being early detected. When diagnosed, 80% of patients have tumors that are in incurable stages, while for those who undergo surgery, 80% of patients will present with local or distant metastasis. Importantly, chemotherapies are far from being effective.ObjectivePancreatic cancer represents a great challenge and, at the same time, a huge opportunity for advancing our understanding on the basis of the disease, the molecular profiles, that would lead to develop tools for early detection and effective treatments, thus, boosting patient survival.ResultsResearch on pancreatic cancer has being receiving little or minimal funds from European funding bodies. UEG is calling for public‐private partnerships that would effectively fund research on pancreatic cancer.ConclusionThis would increase our understanding of this disease and better treatment, through pan‐European efforts that take advantage of the strong academic European research landscape on pancreatic cancer, and the contribution by the industry of all sizes.
Economics and the Equity Market: A Microeconomics Course Application
Authors: Ozenbas Deniz , Pagano Michael S. , Schwartz Robert A. , Weber Bruce W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEconomics encompasses two broad subjects: macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics deals with an economy in aggregate and addresses issues such as inflation, unemployment, interest rates, and economic growth. We present a macroeconomic perspective in Chap. 3. Microeconomics, the focus of this chapter, operates, as its name indicates, on the micro level, addressing household consumption decisions and the production decisions of firms. In this chapter, we focus on the parallels (and a few differences) between a standard microeconomics formulation (a household’s selection of an optimal consumption bundle) and a standard finance model (an investor’s selection of a portfolio that optimally combines a riskless asset – cash – and a risky equity portfolio). The finance formulation is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). CAPM is a keystone of what is known as modern portfolio theory, the originator of which is Harry Markowitz who was awarded a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990 for having developed the theory of portfolio choice. We then introduce friction (trading costs) and show how CAPM’s frictionless market equilibrium is perturbed. The analysis provides a good lead-in to the next chapter on finance.
Liquidity, Trading, and Price Determination in Equity Markets: A Finance Course Application
Authors: Ozenbas Deniz , Pagano Michael S. , Schwartz Robert A. , Weber Bruce W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrading is the implementation of an investment decision. After a portfolio decision has been made by a portfolio manager, it must be implemented, and especially for handling large orders and navigating stressful markets, specific skills and responsibilities are needed that require the expertise of a professional trader. However, the efficiency with which orders are handled and turned into trades depends, not just on traders’ abilities, but also on a market’s liquidity, on the design of the marketplace where shares are traded, and on the regulatory environment. In this chapter, we cover trading costs, liquidity, volatility, price discovery, market structure, and market structure regulation.
“WhatsApp in Politics?!”: Collaborative Tools Shifting Boundaries
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Mlynář Jakub , Pellaton Camille , Theler Matteo , Widmer Antoine , Evéquoz Florian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the technological aspects of political collaborative practices in one of the first studies of participatory constitution writing in the course of its progression. In particular, we examine how digital collaborative and communicative tools can facilitate (or inhibit) the permeation of boundaries, which manifest through the differences in political ideologies and partisan beliefs. Our study is grounded in interviews with 15 members of the Constituent Assembly in the canton of Valais, Switzerland, and its primary contribution is in constructing a fine-grained contextualized understanding of political collaborations, their evolution, and their relationship with collaborative tools. Our findings demonstrate the centrality of versatile and widely available digital tools (such as WhatsApp and Google Docs) in political work. In addition, elected lawmakers prefer tools that allow them to organize their collaborative and communicative actions based on dynamic social boundaries, and their need for asynchronous work practices. We observed a tendency of simultaneously using multiple digital tools to accomplish specific political objectives, and leveraging them in plenary sessions for strategic advantages. On the one hand, collaborative tools enabled strategic advantages byselective permeationof boundaries across political ideologies. On the other hand, lack of awareness about boundaries between ‘private’ and ‘public’ on social networks were considered as privacy blind spots. By focusing on boundaries of different kinds, our paper elucidates how the introduction of digital technologies into political process transforms the long-established categories, distinctions and divisions that are often taken for granted.
Second order equilibrium transport in strongly coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetric SU(Nc) Yang-Mills plasma via holography
Authors: Grieninger Sebastian , Shukla Ashish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A relativistic fluid in 3+1 dimensions with a global U(1) symmetry admits nine independent static susceptibilities at the second order in the hydrodynamic derivative expansion, which capture the response of the fluid in thermal equilibrium to the presence of external time-independent sources. Of these, seven are time-reversal $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
invariant and can be obtained from Kubo formulas involving equilibrium two-point functions of the energy-momentum tensor and the U(1) current. Making use of the gauge/gravity duality along with the aforementioned Kubo formulas, we compute all seven $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
invariant second order susceptibilities for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric SU(Nc) Yang-Mills plasma in the limit of large Nc and at strong ’t-Hooft coupling λ. In particular, we consider the plasma to be charged under a U(1) subgroup of the global SU(4) R-symmetry of the theory. We present analytic expressions for three of the seven $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
invariant susceptibilities, while the remaining four are computed numerically. The dual gravitational description for the charged plasma in thermal equilibrium in the absence of background electric and magnetic fields is provided by the asymptotically AdS5 Reissner-Nordström black brane geometry. The susceptibilities are extracted by studying perturbations to the bulk geometry as well as to the bulk gauge field. We also present an estimate of the second order transport coefficient κ, which determines the response of the fluid to the presence of background curvature, for QCD, and compare it with previous determinations made using different techniques.
Subleading corrections in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 3 Gaiotto-Tomasiello theory
Authors: Liu James T. , Saskowski Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study subleading corrections to the genus-zero free energy of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 Gaiotto-Tomasiello theory. In general, we obtain the endpoints and free energy as a set of parametric equations via contour integrals of the planar resolvent, up to exponentially suppressed corrections. In the particular case that the two gauge groups in the quiver are of equal rank, we find an explicit (perturbative) expansion for the free energy. If, additionally, both groups have equal levels, then we find the full expression for the genus-zero free energy, modulo exponentially suppressed corrections. We also verify our results numerically.
The homology of the Brauer algebras
Authors: Boyd Rachael , Hepworth Richard , Patzt Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the homology of the Brauer algebras, interpreted as appropriate $${{\,\mathrm{Tor}\,}}$$

Tor

-groups, and shows that it is closely related to the homology of the symmetric group. Our main results show that when the defining parameter $$\delta $$
δ
of the Brauer algebra is invertible, then the homology of the Brauer algebra is isomorphic to the homology of the symmetric group, and that when $$\delta $$
δ
is not invertible, this isomorphism still holds in a range of degrees that increases with n.
Bedeutung der Desorientierung bei der Delireinschätzung
Authors: Guenther Ulf , Wolke Mirko , Hansen Hans-Christian , Feldmann Nicole , Diers Anja , Dewald Oliver , Ely E. Wesley , Weyland Andreas 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDesorientierung kann ein frühes Merkmal eines Delirs sein. Für die Überwachung eines Delirs testet die im deutschsprachigen Raum weit verbreitete „Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit“ (CAM-ICU) die Orientierung nicht, da intubierte Intensivpatienten sich nicht verbal äußern können. Die Mehrheit der Patienten auf deutschen Intensivstationen ist aber nicht beatmet, sie könnten hinsichtlich ihrer Orientiertheit befragt werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, ob sich durch das Kriterium „Desorientierung“ bei extubierten Patienten im Vergleich zur CAM-ICU divergierende Befunde ergeben und ob sich die Sensitivität der CAM-ICU durch Kombination mit dem Merkmal „Desorientierung“ („CAM-IMC“) erhöhen lassen. Insgesamt 86 gepaarte Untersuchungen fanden bei 50 extubierten Patienten statt. Ein Delir fand sich bei 19,8 % (n = 17) aller Untersuchungen. Die CAM-ICU hatte eine Sensitivität von 71 % (95%-KI: 44–90 %) und eine Spezifität von 100 % (95–100 %). Für „Desorientierung“ als alleiniges Delir-Merkmal fand sich eine Sensitivität von 77 % (50–93 %) und eine Spezifität von 93 % (89–100 %). Die CAM-IMC erreichte eine Sensitivität von 88 % (64–99 %) bei einer Spezifität von 100 % (95–100 %). Die „Receiver-Operating-Characteristics(ROC)-Analyse“ fand mit einer „area under the curve“ (AUC) von 0,941 (95%-KI: 0,851–1,000) für die CAM-IMC den höchsten Wert im Vergleich zu den anderen Delir-Tests (CAM-ICU, AUC 0,853 [0,720–0,986]; Desorientierung, AUC 0,868 [0,745–0,991]). Diese Arbeit unterstreicht die Wertigkeit des Merkmals „Desorientierung“ für Delir-Tests bei verbal kommunikationsfähigen Patienten und erklärt einige diskrepante Beurteilungen schwierig einzuschätzender Patienten in der täglichen Praxis. Die CAM-IMC scheint als Delir-Test für extubierte Patienten günstigere Eigenschaften als die CAM-ICU zu haben und sollte eingehender überprüft werden.
Predicting the in vivo developmental toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rats by an in vitro–in silico approach
Authors: Wang Danlei , Rietdijk Maartje H. , Kamelia Lenny , Boogaard Peter J. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopmental toxicity testing is an animal-intensive endpoints in toxicity testing and calls for animal-free alternatives. Previous studies showed the applicability of an in vitro–in silico approach for predicting developmental toxicity of a range of compounds, based on data from the mouse embryonic stem cell test (EST) combined with physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modelling facilitated reverse dosimetry. In the current study, the use of this approach for predicting developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was evaluated, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model compound. A rat PBK model of BaP was developed to simulate the kinetics of its main metabolite 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBaP), shown previously to be responsible for the developmental toxicity of BaP. Comparison to in vivo kinetic data showed that the model adequately predicted BaP and 3-OHBaP blood concentrations in the rat. Using this PBK model and reverse dosimetry, a concentration–response curve for 3-OHBaP obtained in the EST was translated into an in vivo dose–response curve for developmental toxicity of BaP in rats upon single or repeated dose exposure. The predicted half maximal effect doses (ED50) amounted to 67 and 45 mg/kg bw being comparable to the ED50 derived from the in vivo dose–response data reported for BaP in the literature, of 29 mg/kg bw. The present study provides a proof of principle of applying this in vitro–in silico approach for evaluating developmental toxicity of BaP and may provide a promising strategy for predicting the developmental toxicity of related PAHs, without the need for extensive animal testing.
Multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute myocarditis
Authors: Isaak Alexander , Bischoff Leon M. , Faron Anton , Endler Christoph , Mesropyan Narine , Sprinkart Alois M. , Pieper Claus C. , Kuetting Daniel , Dabir Darius , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employing the 2018 Lake Louise criteria in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute myocarditis is undefined.

Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic value of the Lake Louise criteria in pediatric and adolescent patients with suspected acute myocarditis and to show the utility of cardiac MRI for follow-up in this patient cohort.

Materials and methods
Forty-three patients (age range: 8–21 years) with suspected acute myocarditis and 13 control patients who underwent cardiac MRI were retrospectively analyzed. T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhancement imaging were performed in all patients. T1 and T2 mapping were available in 26/43 patients (60%). The Lake Louise criteria were assessed. In 27/43 patients (63%), cardiac MRI follow-up was available. Receiver operating characteristic analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
In the total cohort, the Lake Louise criteria achieved a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72–95%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 79–100%) for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. In the subgroup of patients with available mapping parameters, the diagnostic performance of the Lake Louise criteria was higher when mapping parameters were implemented into the score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.944 vs. 0.870; P=0.033). T2 relaxation times were higher in patients with admission to the intermediate care unit and were associated with the length of intermediate care unit stay (r=0.879, P=0.049). Cardiac MRI markers of active inflammation decreased on follow-up examinations (e.g., T1 relaxation times: 1,032±39 ms vs. 975±33 ms, P<0.001; T2 relaxation times: 58±5 ms vs. 54±5 ms, P=0.003).

Conclusion
The Lake Louise criteria have a high diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis and are a valuable tool for follow-up in pediatric and adolescent patients. The mapping techniques enhance the diagnostic performance of the 2018 Lake Louise criteria.
Cost analysis between mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with and without vacuum-assisted access sheath
Authors: Lievore Elena , Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Fulgheri Irene , Turetti Matteo , Silvani Carlo , Bebi Carolina , Ripa Francesco , Lucignani Gianpaolo , Pozzi Edoardo , Rocchini Lorenzo , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Longo Fabrizio , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele , Boeri Luca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a cost analysis between vacuum-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vmPCNL) and minimally invasive PCNL (MIP) and explore potential predictors of costs associated with the procedures.

Methods
We analyzed data from 225 patients who underwent vmPCNL or MIP at a single tertiary referral academic center between January 2016 and December 2020. We collected patients’ demographics, peri-and postoperative data and detailed expense records. After propensity score matching, 108 (66.7%) vmPCNL and 54 (33.3%) MIP procedures were analyzed. Descriptive statistics assessed differences in clinical and operative parameters. Univariable and multivariable linear regression models tested the association between clinical variables and costs.

Results
Operative time (OT) was shorter for vmPCNL, and the use of additional instruments to complete litholapaxy was more frequent in MIP (all p ≤ 0.01). Length of stay (LOS) was longer for MIP patients (p = 0.03) and the stone-free (SF) rate was higher after vmPCNL (p = 0.04). The overall instrumentation cost was higher for vmPCNL (p < 0.001), but total procedural costs were equivalent (p = 0.9). However, the overall cost for the hospitalization was higher for MIP than vmPCNL (p = 0.01). Univariable linear regression revealed that patient’s comorbidities, OT, any postoperative complication and LOS were associated with hospitalization costs (all p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that LOS and OT were associated with hospitalization costs (all p < 0.001), after accounting for vmPCNL procedure, patients’ comorbidities, and complications.

Conclusion
vmPCNL may represent a valid option due to clinical and economic benefits. Shorter OT, the lower need for disposable equipment and the lower complication rate reduced procedural and hospitalization costs.