bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the landscape ecological risk based on GIS: A case‐study in the Poyang Lake region of China
Authors: Xie Hualin , Wen Jiaming , Chen Qianru , Wu Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfluenced by human activities, the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake is suffering from landscape degradation and increased ecological risks. However, the specific landscape ecological risk in Poyang Lake region remains unknown. The impact of land use change on landscape pattern and ecological risk around Poyang Lake has not been revealed. In order to analyze the spatio‐temporal distribution characteristics of landscape ecological risk in Poyang Lake region, this study constructed a landscape ecological risk index model based on GIS, geostatistics, and landscape ecology theory. The results show that: (a) all land use types in Poyang Lake region had been changed during the period 2010–2018. While large tracts of farmland and woodland were converted into construction land, farmland and woodland have seen the largest decrease and construction land has increased greatly. (b) On the whole, the low and medium‐low landscape ecological risk area accounted for about 60% of the total area, while high and medium‐high risk area increased during 2010–2018. The landscape ecological risk has seen a downward trend with increased low and medium‐low ecological risk areas during 2010–2018. Spatially, ecological risk in the core waters of Poyang Lake was higher, while in the surrounding waters was lower. (c) The landscape ecological risk in Poyang Lake Region in each period shown positive spatial correlation and tended to be spatially agglomerative. The high‐high risk clusters were mainly located in the core waters of the Lake area, while the low‐low risk clusters were mainly located far away from the core waters, including county and city areas. (d) In 2018, farmland, woodland, grassland, and unutilized land were dominated by medium and medium low risk, the landscape ecological risk in the water area was the highest, and that of construction land was the lowest. The decrease rate of ERI in water areas was the largest, indicating that the change of water area contributed the most to the reduction of landscape ecological risk. During the process of ecological risk management in Poyang Lake Region, attention should be paid to the changes of the water area's structure and quality.
Association Between Microscopic Colitis and Parkinson's Disease in a Swedish Population
Authors: Kang Xiaoying , Ploner Alexander , Roelstraete Bjorn , Khalili Hamed , Williams Dylan M. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Wirdefeldt Karin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal inflammation has been linked with Parkinson's disease (PD). Microscopic colitis (MC) is an intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown relationship with PD.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of MC with PD risk.MethodsIn this nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden, PD incidence was compared between 12,609 patients with histologically confirmed MC and a matched population cohort of 58,879 MC‐free individuals and a sibling cohort comprising all unaffected siblings of the MC patients (NMC/NSibling = 6281/12,351). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of ~7 years, we identified 449 incident PD diagnoses among the MC patients and the population cohort. Overall, MC was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.76 for PD, but the association attenuated substantially during follow‐up. In the time‐varying effects model, PD hazard was 3.45‐fold (95% CI: 2.42, 4.93) higher during the first 2 years after biopsy and 1.80‐fold (95% CI: 1.23, 2.64) higher during the following 3 years among MC versus MC‐free individuals but was not different beyond 5 years after biopsy (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.54). This temporal pattern of MC–PD associations persisted when comparing MC patients to their siblings. In a post hoc case–control analysis, we also detected a strong association between MC and preexisting PD (odds ratio: 3.46; 95% CI: 2.91, 4.12).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MC may not be a risk factor for PD; instead, it may co‐occur with PD as a comorbidity or develop after a diagnosis of PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Clinical, biochemical, and genetic characterization of acute hepatic porphyrias in a cohort of Argentine patients
Authors: Martinez María del Carmen , Cerbino Gabriela Nora , Granata Bárbara Xoana , Batlle Alcira , Parera Victoria Estela , Rossetti María Victoria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute Hepatic Porphyrias (AHPs) are characterized by an acute neuroabdominal syndrome including both neuropsychiatric symptoms and neurodegenerative changes. Two main hypotheses explain the pathogenesis of nervous system dysfunction: (a) the ROS generation by autooxidation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid accumulated in liver and brain; (b) liver heme deficiency and in neural tissues that generate an oxidative status, a component of the neurodegenerative process.MethodsWe review results obtained from Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) and Variegate Porphyria (VP) families studied at clinical, biochemical, and molecular level at the CIPYP in Argentina. The relationship between the porphyric attack and oxidative stress was also evaluated in AHP patients and controls, to identify a marker of neurological dysfunction.ResultsWe studied 116 AIP families and 30 VP families, 609 and 132 individuals, respectively. Genotype/phenotype relation was studied. Oxidative stress parameters and plasma homocysteine levels were measured in 20 healthy volunteers, 22 AIP and 12 VP individuals.ConclusionNo significant difference in oxidative stress parameters and homocysteine levels between the analyzed groups were found.
Immediate and lasting effects of aerobic exercise on the actigraphic sleep parameters of female nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Niu Shu‐Fen , Lin Chia‐Jou , Chen Pin‐Yuan , Fan Yen‐Chun , Huang Hui‐Chuan , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSleep disturbance is highly prevalent among shift‐working nurses. We aimed to evaluate whether aerobic exercise (i.e., walking combined with jogging) improves objective sleep parameters among female nurses who met eligibility criterion as poor sleepers at the end of an 8‐week exercise program and 4 weeks after study completion. This single‐blinded, parallel‐design, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a classroom of a hospital in northern Taiwan. Sixty eligible female nurses were randomly assigned to either the aerobic exercise (n = 30) or usual activity status (n = 30) group. A moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise program was administered over 5 days (60 min per day) a week for 8 weeks after the nurses' day shifts. Objective sleep outcomes including total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE) were retrieved using an actigraph device. A generalized estimating equation model was used for data analysis. The aerobic exercise group exhibited improvements in TST and SE at 4 and 8 weeks compared with the baseline evaluation (TST: B = 70.49 and 55.96; SE: B = 5.21 and 3.98). Between‐group differences were observed in SOL and WASO at 4 weeks but not 8 weeks compared with the baseline evaluation (SOL: B = −7.18; WASO: B = −11.38). Positive lasting effects for TST were observed only until the 4‐week follow‐up. To improve sleep quality and quantity, we encourage female nurses who sleep poorly to regularly perform moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise.
Effective electromagnetic interference shielding using foamy polyurethane composites
Authors: Oraby Hussein , Naeem Ibrahim , Darwish Mohammad , Senna Magdy H. , Tantawy Hesham Ramzy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolyurethane/Graphite composite foam samples with different filler loadings were synthesized for application in electromagnetic shielding. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infra‐red, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, and rheometer. Moreover, to adapt and customize this work in the field of aerospace, the measurements were performed in the X‐band at the range of (8–12) GHz. The results showed that the increase in filler content improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite materials. The electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness reached (− 45) dB with 30 wt% filler content. It is expected that the polyurethane/graphite composite foamy materials may be considered a promising material to be used in electromagnetic shielding applications.
Leaf‐associated fungal and viral communities of wild plant populations differ between cultivated and natural ecosystems
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Fort Tania , Marais Armelle , Lefebvre Marie , Theil Sébastien , Vacher Corinne , Candresse Thierry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlants are colonized by diverse fungal and viral communities that influence their growth and survival as well as ecosystem functioning. Viruses interact with both plants and the fungi they host. Our understanding of plant–fungi–virus interactions is very limited, especially in wild plants. Combining metagenomic and culturomic approaches, we assessed the richness, diversity, and composition of leaf‐associated fungal and viral communities from pools of herbaceous wild plants representative of four sites corresponding to cultivated or natural ecosystems. We identified 161 fungal families and 18 viral families comprising 249 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase‐based operational taxonomic units (RdRp OTUs) from leaves. Fungal culturomics captured 12.3% of the fungal diversity recovered with metagenomic approaches and, unexpectedly, retrieved viral OTUs that were almost entirely different from those recovered by leaf metagenomics. Ecosystem management had a significant influence on both leaf mycobiome and virome, with a higher fungal community richness in natural ecosystems and a higher viral family richness in cultivated ecosystems, suggesting that leaf‐associated fungal and viral communities are under the influence of different ecological drivers. Both the leaf‐associated fungal and viral community compositions showed a strong site‐specificity. Further research is needed to confirm these trends and unravel the factors structuring plant–fungi–virus interactions in wild plant populations.
Dosimetric effects related to collimator angle optimization in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy planning for gastric cancer
Authors: Su Huan‐fan , Zhao Man , Zhang Jun , Dai Zhi‐tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the dosimetric impact of different collimator angle optimization methods in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy of gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 10 gastric cases were retrospectively selected in this study. Three sets of plans were generated with different collimator angle optimization: setting the collimator angle to 0° (CL0), applying Eclipse automatic collimator angle optimization (CLA), and setting the collimator angle corresponding to the minimum X‐jaw gap (CLX). Different dosimetric metrics were applied in comparison of the target volume and normal tissues. Delivery efficiency was accessed in terms of control points, split fields, monitor units, and treatment time. All plans were verified using the 2‐D array MatriXX, and the γ‐index analysis was carried out by using different criteria.ResultsThere was no significant difference in dosimetric comparison of planning target volume and organs at risk. Compared with CL0, Both CLA and CLX can significantly reduce control points, split fields, and monitor units, except that CLA increased treatment time. For dose verification, the γ passing rate showed a tendency of CLx > CLA > CL0.ConclusionFor intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for gastric cancer, CLA and CLX can obtain comparable dosimetry distribution in respect to CL0. However, CLX can significantly increase the dose delivery efficiency and verification passing rates. It was suggested that CLx was beneficial in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for gastric cancer.
Phenotypic and molecular analyses in rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linneaus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): identification of a super kdr mutation, T929I, conferring resistance to deltamethrin
Authors: Singh Sonu K , Jagadeesan Rajeswaran , Thangaraj Sonai Rajan , Selvapandian Upasna , Nayak Manoj K , Subbarayalu Mohankumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a cosmopolitan pest of stored cereal grains and other commodities globally. Infestations caused by S. oryzae makes grains unsuitable for consumption, processing, and export. Deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used in major grain storages in India as a prophylactic treatment to control this pest. However, recurrent use of this insecticide had led to genetic resistance in S. oryzae, questioning its ongoing use at the current recommended concentration.RESULTSDose response analysis of resistant (Delta‐R) and susceptible (Lab‐S) strains of S. oryzae collected from grain storages across southern India, revealed that Delta‐R was 134‐fold more resistant than the Lab‐S at median lethal concentration (LC50). A concentration of 180 ppm over 48 h effectively discriminated 16 resistant field populations from Lab‐S with per cent resistance ranging from 8.72% to 75.86%. Exposing all the resistant populations to 1000 ppm over 48 h identified 12 populations with strongly resistant individuals and confirmed the existence of two distinct resistance phenotypes, ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ in S. oryzae. Furthermore, sequence analysis of the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene in Delta‐R identified a single target site mutation, T929I conferring resistance in S. oryzae. CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) marker analysis of this allele confirmed that frequency of resistance is high (up to 0.96) supporting the results of phenotypic analysis.CONCLUSIONBoth phenotype and molecular marker analyses clearly demonstrated that deltamethrin at 180 and 1000 ppm can be used to discriminate weakly and strongly resistant populations in S. oryzae, respectively. Resistance diagnostics based on the mutation, T929I, supports our phenotypic data and indicates that resistance to deltamethrin in S. oryzae is prevalent in southern parts of India, stressing the need to identify a synergist or suitable alternatives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chemotherapy plus atezolizumab for a patient with small cell lung cancer undergoing haemodialysis: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Imaji Mihoko , Fujimoto Daichi , Kato Mai , Tanaka Masanori , Furuta Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the safety of chemotherapy plus atezolizumab for patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) undergoing haemodialysis (HD). An 80‐year‐old male received carboplatin [area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) = 5 on day 1], etoposide (40 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3), and atezolizumab (1200 mg/body on day 1) as the first‐line therapy for ES‐SCLC. He was undergoing HD thrice a week for seven years. HD was provided 16 h after carboplatin administration. During the first cycle, grade 4 neutropenia (neutrophil count: 74/μL) and leukopenia (white blood cell count: 680/μL) occurred. Therefore, chemotherapy was administered with a reduced dose of carboplatin (AUC = 4) and etoposide (30 mg/m2) from the second to fourth cycles. After four cycles, no severe non‐haematological adverse events occurred, showing a remarkable response. We conclude that the carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab combination can be safely administered to cancer patients undergoing HD.
Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico
Authors: Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Castro‐Castro Arturo , Zamora‐Tavares María Del Pilar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOtatea is the second‐largest genus in subtribe Guaduinae, Bambuseae tribe of subfamily Bambusoideae (Poaceae) and has its geographical distribution in Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. Ten of its 12 species are endemic to Mexico. The species with the most widespread geographical distribution in Mexico is Otatea acuminata. Recent fieldwork in the Mexican state of Durango found a flowering population of Otatea aff. acuminata, which sparked further investigation of the species. Previous molecular and morphological analyses indicated that O. acuminata is a polyphyletic species. Our aim was to delimit the species of the Otatea acuminata species complex using molecular and morphological data in a phylogenetic framework and applying parametric species delimitation methods. To this end we used both chloroplast and nuclear sequence data in combination with morphological characters to conduct phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses. Our phylogenetic and species delimitation results indicate that the former O. acuminata population of Durango is a distinct species. Collected flowering plants allowed us to prepare a complete description of the new species, which we have named O. odam. With the description of this new species, the number of Otatea species endemic to Mexico increases to 11. Otatea odam sp. nov. inhabits the ecotone between tropical dry forest and xerophilous scrub of the Madrean, Madrean Xerophilous and Tropical ecoregions of the Sierra Madre Occidental, suggesting that this species is a drought‐tolerant woody bamboo.
Re‐designing infrastructure as a strategy for crafting coherence across three networks focused on the implementation of the next generation science standards
Authors: Hall Jonathan L. , Campbell Todd , Lundgren Lisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis design‐based research project reports on three multilevel networks that were focused on implementing the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Given the recent attention to understanding infrastructure to craft coherence in NGSS implementation, this research investigated how these networks iteratively re‐designed infrastructure as they engaged in implementing the NGSS. This focus is particularly important in the current context of NGSS implementation since needed infrastructure did not accompany the dissemination of the standards. The three networks were the following: mentor teachers, district specialists, and interim assessment specialists. Qualitative cases based on recordings of network working sessions, interviews with members, and artifacts of their work were generated for each network and then compared and contrasted. Findings show the work on infrastructure re‐design across the networks not only involved identifying useful NGSS‐designed resources and frameworks, but also translating these into meaningful supports or scaffolds that could ultimately lead to productive forms of engagement for either supporting teacher professional learning or student learning. Also, collegial workspaces were beneficial for institutionalizing networks' foci by creating spaces for all actors to share their experiences, challenges, and needs. This meant focusing on curriculum and instructional routines for mentor teachers, focusing on NGSS instructional principles for district leaders, and focusing on the development of an interim assessment practice brief for interim assessment leaders—foci identified as central to and immediately applicable in the day‐to‐day work of the respective network members.
Place and policy barriers of rural Nigeria's small and medium enterprises' internationalization
Authors: Mendy John , Odunukan Kenny , Rahman Mahfuzur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite internationalization theory's recognition that place and policy constitute fundamental barriers for the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), research into rural‐based firms from the developing world is a much underdeveloped and neglected area. To address the need to examine this gap, the purpose of this study is to identify and compare place and policy challenges of rural SMEs' internationalization in Nigeria. We have developed a model that extends internationalization theory's overemphasis on the structural aspects of these barriers and thereby provide a resolution tool for managers. By using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling methodology, we also administered 403 questionnaires in six of Nigeria's geopolitical zones. Our three‐stage analyses reveal findings that the physical and geographical (or place barrier) challenges account for 90% whilst the traditionally neglected aspects of legal and regulatory barriers score 85%. Therefore, place related barriers should be given slightly higher priority if it is not possible to be given equal recognition in internationalization theory. These findings provide new insights into a more complex picture of SMEs' internationalization in emerging economies. It is recommended that our Human‐centric Hierarchical Model could help inform managers' decision‐making processes on what human aspects they need to prioritize when faced with policy and place barriers. It is also recommended that our model adds social value to SME businesses and provides a new lens for scholars to investigate place and policy related barriers to rural Nigeria's SMEs.
Activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway attenuates ROS‐mediated autophagy induced by silica nanoparticles in H9c2 cells
Authors: Cui Guanqun , Li Ziyuan , Cao Feifei , Li Peng , Jin Minghua , Hou Shanshan , Yang Xu , Mu Yingwen , Peng Cheng , Shao Hua , Du Zhongjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as one of the most productive nano‐powder, has been extensively applied in various fields. There has been increasing concern about the adverse effects of SiNPs on the health of ecological organisms and human. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and involved mechanisms remain elusive. Hence, in this study, we investigated the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs (60 nm) and explored the underlying mechanisms using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results showed that SiNPs induced oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway. Autophagy was also activated by SiNPs. Interestingly, N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC）attenuated autophagy after inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, down‐regulation of Nrf2 enhanced autophagy. In summary, these data indicated that SiNPs induce autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through oxidative stress, and the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway has a negative regulatory effect on autophagy. This study provides new evidence for the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and provides a reference for the safe use of nanomaterials in the future.