bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling magnetic massive star properties with linear polarization variability and the analytic dynamical magnetosphere model
Authors: Munoz M S , Wade G A , Faes D M , Carciofi A C , Labadie-Bartz J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Light scattered off particles can become linearly polarized. Stars surrounded by oblique, co-rotating envelopes are therefore expected to manifest periodic linear polarimetric variations. The electron scattering magnetospheres of magnetic massive stars are expected to be suitable candidates to observe this effect. In this paper, we present the first semi-analytical model capable of synthesizing the continuum polarimetric signatures of magnetic O-type stars in an optically thin, single electron scattering limit. The purpose of this investigation is to improve our general understanding of magnetic hot stars by characterizing their polarimetric behaviour. Our linear polarization model is constructed by combining the analytical expressions for the polarimetric variations of an obliquely rotating envelope with the analytic dynamical magnetosphere model to represent a physical model for the envelope density structure. We compute grids of model Stokes Q and U curves and show that their shapes are unique to the choice of inclination and obliquity angles. We apply our model to HD 191612, a prototypical Of?p-type star, having both polarimetric and photometric observations. We find that the polarimetric modulations are best reproduced with $i=19^{+12}_{-3}$○, $\beta =71^{+3}_{-9}$○, and $\log \dot{M}_{B=0}=-6.11^{+0.12}_{-0.06}$ [M⊙ yr−1]. These results agree with previous investigations of this star. By combining both polarimetric and photometric synthesis tools, we simultaneously model the observations thus adding further refinement of the wind and magnetic properties of HD 191612.
Dynamics of irregularly shaped cometary particles subjected to outflowing gas and solar radiative forces and torques
Authors: Moreno Fernando , Guirado Daniel , Muñoz Olga , Zakharov Vladimir , Ivanovski Stavro , Fulle Marco , Rotundi Alessandra , Frattin Elisa , Bertini Ivano 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe dynamics of irregularly shaped particles subjected to the combined effect of gas drag and radiative forces and torques in a cometary environment is investigated. The equations of motion are integrated over distances from the nucleus surface up to distances where the gas drag is negligible. The aerodynamic forces and torques are computed assuming a spherically symmetric expanding gas. The calculations are limited to particle sizes in the geometric optics limit, which is the range of validity of our radiative torque calculations. The dynamical behaviour of irregular particles is quite different to those exhibited by non-spherical but symmetric particles such as spheroids. An application of the dynamical model to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, the target of the Rosetta mission, is made. We found that, for particle sizes larger than ∼10 μm, the radiative torques are negligible in comparison with the gas-driven torques up to a distance of ∼100 km from the nucleus surface. The rotation frequencies of the particles depend on their size, shape, and the heliocentric distance, while the terminal velocities, being also dependent on size and heliocentric distance, show only a very weak dependence on particle shape. The ratio of the sum of the particles projected areas in the sun-to-comet direction to that of the sum of the particles projected areas in any direction perpendicular to it is nearly unity, indicating that the interpretation of the observed u-shaped scattering phase function by Rosetta/OSIRIS on comet 67P coma cannot be linked to mechanical alignment of the particles.
Crystal structures of alphavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsP4) reveal an intrinsically dynamic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase fold
Authors: Tan Yaw Bia , Lello Laura Sandra , Liu Xin , Law Yee-Song , Kang Congbao , Lescar Julien , Zheng Jie , Merits Andres , Luo Dahai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Alphaviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are mosquito-borne pathogens that can cause arthritis or encephalitis diseases. Nonstructural protein 4 (nsP4) of alphaviruses possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity essential for viral RNA replication. No 3D structure has been available for nsP4 of any alphaviruses despite its importance for understanding alphaviral RNA replication and for the design of antiviral drugs. Here, we report crystal structures of the RdRp domain of nsP4 from both RRV and SINV determined at resolutions of 2.6 Å and 1.9 Å. The structure of the alphavirus RdRp domain appears most closely related to RdRps from pestiviruses, noroviruses, and picornaviruses. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods showed that in solution, nsP4 is highly dynamic with an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain. Both full-length nsP4 and the RdRp domain were capable to catalyze RNA polymerization. Structure-guided mutagenesis using a trans-replicase system identified nsP4 regions critical for viral RNA replication.
Correlates of children’s dietary intake in childcare settings: A systematic review
Authors: Hasnin Saima , Saltzman Jaclyn A , Dev Dipti A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Children consume up to two-thirds of their daily dietary requirements in full-time childcare, making the setting a critical vector for preventing childhood obesity.

Objective
To summarize the ecological correlates of children’s dietary intake in childcare settings that were identified and categorized using the Six-Cs developmental ecological model of contributors to overweight and obesity in childhood.

Data Sources
A literature search was conducted in 4 electronic databases.

Study Selection
English-language, peer-reviewed publications that investigated at least 1 correlate of children’s (ages 2–6 years) dietary intake in childcare settings and measured children’s actual consumption of foods and beverages from food groups were included.

Data Extraction
Correlates were categorized into child, clan, community, and country groups.

Results
A total of 55 studies, which examined 29 correlates, were reviewed. Correlates identified included child’s age, sex, characteristics of food provision (namely, food composition, foods and beverages served, portion sizes), repeated exposure, nutrition education, book reading, peer influence, meal service type, and childcare teachers’ responsive feeding practices. Policies and participation in Head Start and the Child and Adult Care Food Program could not be determined as correlates of children’s dietary intake, owing to a lack of evidence.

Conclusion
This review produced a list of correlates to consider in designing interventions to improve children’s dietary intake in childcare settings. The correlates could contribute to development of lifelong healthy eating habits, thereby preventing childhood obesity.
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Recent Adherence With Real-Time Adherence Feedback and Partner Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing: A Pilot Trial Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Joseph Davey Dvora Leah , Dovel Kathryn , Mvududu Rufaro , Nyemba Dorothy , Mashele Nyiko , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gorbach Pamina M , Coates Thomas J , Myer Landon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective in postpartum women. Human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) for male partners combined with biofeedback counseling through real-time adherence measures may improve PrEP use among postpartum women.

Methods
Between August 2020 and April 2021, we randomized postpartum women who initiated PrEP in pregnancy 1:1 to the intervention group (HIVST + biofeedback counseling after urine tenofovir test) or to standard of care ([SOC] facility-based human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] tests and routine counseling without biofeedback). The outcomes of interest were PrEP adherence in the past 48–72 hours via urine tenofovir tests and partner HIV testing, measured 1-month after randomization. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of partners who tested for HIV and the discrepancy between self-reported PrEP adherence and urine tenofovir result.

Results
We enrolled 106 women (median age = 26 years). At enrollment, 72% of women reported missing &lt;2 doses in the past 7 days; 36% of women had tenofovir present in her urine. One month after enrollment, 62% (n = 33) of women in the intervention arm had tenofovir present in their urine compared to 34% (n = 18) in SOC (risk ratio [RR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–2.82; P = .001). Two thirds of women in the intervention arm reported that her partner tested for HIV (66%; n = 35), compared to 17% (n = 9) in SOC (RR = 3.89; 95% CI = 2.08–7.27; P &lt; .001). Self-reported PrEP adherence (took PrEP &gt;5 of last week) with no tenofovir in urine test was lower in the intervention group (17% vs 46%; RR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.17–0.67; P = .03). No social or clinical adverse events were reported in the intervention arm.

Conclusions
The HIVST for partners and biofeedback counseling increased levels of recent PrEP adherence, pointing to the importance of these interventions to support PrEP use in this population.
Risk of food insecurity in undocumented migrant households in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Jolly Andrew , Thompson Janice L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to understand the extent of household food insecurity amongst undocumented migrant families in Birmingham,UK.MethodsCross-sectional survey of households (n = 74) with dependent children using the USDA 18-item household food security (HFS) module. All households had an irregular immigration status and were accessing an immigration advice drop-in service (n = 98 adults; n = 138 children) in Birmingham.ResultsAbout 95.9% of households were food insecure, and 94.6% of children lived in households with low or very low food security. Food insecurity varied within households. Around 91.8% of adults were food insecure, compared to 75.6% of children. Spearman’s rank-order correlation indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between household food insecurity level and number of children (rho = 0.253, P = 0.031). A Kruskal–Wallis H Test indicated no statistically significant difference (P = 0.730) in HFS score between households supported by asylum support, children’s social services or paid employment in the informal economy and those that had no regular income.ConclusionsPrevalence of HFS was higher in this sample of undocumented migrant households with dependent children in Birmingham, UK, than in the wider population, and larger households were more food insecure. Households without a regular income were no more likely to be food insecure than households with financial support.
China’s Model of Managing the Financial System
Authors: Brunnermeier Markus K , Sockin Michael , Xiong Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China’s economic model involves regular and intensive government interventions in financial markets, while Western policymakers often refrain from substantial interventions outside crisis periods. We develop a theoretical framework to rationalize the approaches of both China and the West to managing the financial system as being optimal given the differences in their respective economies. In this framework, a government leans against trading of noise traders but at the expense of introducing policy noise to the market. Our welfare analysis shows that under certain underlying economic conditions, the optimal government policy induces a government-centric equilibrium, in which government intervention is so intensive that all investors choose to acquire private information about policy noise rather than fundamentals. This policy regime characterizes China’s approach with financial stability prioritized over other policy objectives.
PAs and NPs provide essential care for children with COVID-19
Authors: Westry Maria Fatima G. , Nakano Priscila E. , Arrington Amy S. , Graf Jeanine M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The rapid spread of COVID-19 brought forth a rapid increase in hospitalization rates, requiring changes in hospital use and medical personnel structure. Physician assistants (PAs) and NPs in pediatric critical care were cross-trained and redeployed to our pediatric biocontainment unit to address the clinician strain in providing high-quality patient care during these unprecedented times. This manuscript discusses the effectiveness of using these clinicians while recognizing the challenges of managing a novel virus in a new unit.
Clinical Impact of Malunion After All-Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Stabilization for Displaced and Unstable Lateral Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Degeorge Benjamin , Ravoyard Salomé , Lazerges Cyril , Toffoli Adriano , Chammas Michel , Coulet Bertrand 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical outcome of lateral clavicle malunion treated with all-arthroscopic coracoclavicular (CC) stabilization.

Design:
Retrospective, case series.

Setting:
Department of hand and upper extremity surgery, university hospital center.

Patients:
Forty-five patients with unstable and displaced lateral clavicle fracture treated between January 2015 and August 2019 were included in the study.

Intervention:
Closed reduction and arthroscopic CC stabilization using cortical buttons.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Shoulder pain and active motion. Patient-reported outcome measures included the Constant score, the Subjective Shoulder Value, the AcromioClavicular Joint Instability score, and the Specific AcromioClavicular Score. Radiographic evaluation assessed bony union and malunion.

Results:
Mean duration of follow-up was 25 months (12–60 months). Five patients (11%) had lateral clavicle nonunion and 7 (16%) had lateral clavicle malunion (5 in the coronal plane and 2 in the axial plane). Lateral clavicle malunion did not significantly affect clinical or functional outcomes (P > 0.05). Mean active shoulder motion was forward flexion 163 degrees (SD 28), abduction 162 degrees (SD 26), and external rotation 63 degrees (SD 21). On average, the patients scored 88.3 (SD 17.7) in the Constant score, 90% (SD 12) in the Subjective Shoulder Value, 88.8 (SD 9.4) in the AcromioClavicular Joint Instability score, and 11.4 (SD 8.5) for SACS. The overall complication rate was 38% (including 7 malunions, 5 nonunions, 2 adhesive capsulitis, and 3 button malpositions).

Conclusions:
Closed reduction and internal fixation of lateral clavicle fracture with all-arthroscopic CC stabilization using cortical button potentiates bony union but may generate lateral clavicle malunion, which does not affect the clinical or functional outcome. This result can be attributed to CC ligament healing and acromioclavicular joint congruence. All-arthroscopic CC stabilization is a minimally invasive but demanding surgical alternative for managing unstable and displaced lateral clavicle fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Recent advances in policy and practice translation of the evidence for additional omega-3 fatty acids and prematurity
Authors: Simmonds Lucy A. , Middleton Philippa F. , Makrides Maria 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
This is a review of the most up-to-date research on the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids for reducing the risk of prematurity in well nourished women with access to high-quality obstetric care. It will provide an overview of the translation of the evidence on omega-3 screening into policy, and the latest research on how to implement the policy into practice.

Recent findings
Findings of the included clinical studies support that omega-3 supplementation for women with a singleton pregnancy who have a low omega-3 status reduces the risk of early preterm birth.

Summary
There is evidence that screening and providing appropriate advice to women with a singleton pregnancy who have a low omega-3 status can reduce their risk of early preterm birth, and avoiding supplementation for women who are replete will avoid unnecessary supplementation and potential harm.
Exploring potential mechanisms of Suhexiang Pill against COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Jialin , Huang Zhihong , Lu Shan , Luo Hua , Tan Yingying , Ye Peizhi , Liu Xinkui , Wu Zhishan , Wu Chao , Stalin Antony , Wang Haojia , Liu Yingying , Shen Liangliang , Fan Xiaotian , Zhang Bei , Yi Jianping , Yao Lu , Xu Yi , Wu Jiarui , Duan Xianchun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground:The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Suhexiang Pill (SHXP), a classic prescription for the treatment of plague, has been recommended in the 2019 Guideline for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and treatment of a severe type of COVID-19. However, the bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms of SHXP for COVID-19 prevention and treatment have not yet been elucidated. This study investigates the mechanisms of SHXP in the treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:First, the bioactive ingredients and corresponding target genes of the SHXP were screened from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform database. Then, we compiled COVID-19 disease targets from the GeneCards gene database and literature search. Subsequently, we constructed the core compound-target network, the protein-protein interaction network of the intersection of compound targets and disease targets, the drug-core compound-hub gene-pathway network, module analysis, and hub gene search by the Cytoscape software. The Metascape database and R language software were applied to analyze gene ontology biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Finally, AutoDock software was used for molecular docking of hub genes and core compounds.Results:A total of 326 compounds, 2450 target genes of SHXP, and 251 genes related to COVID-19 were collected, among which there were 6 hub genes of SHXP associated with the treatment of COVID-19, namely interleukin 6, interleukin 10, vascular endothelial growth factor A, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and epidermal growth factor. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the effect of SHXP against COVID-19 is mediated by synergistic regulation of several biological signaling pathways, including Janus kinase/ STAT3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt), T cell receptor, TNF, Nuclear factor kappa-B,Toll-like receptor, interleukin 17, Chemokine, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathways.SHXP may play a vital role in the treatment of COVID-19 by suppressing the inflammatory storm, regulating immune function, and resisting viral invasion. Furthermore, the molecular docking results showed an excellent binding affinity between the core compounds and the hub genes.Conclusion:This study preliminarily predicted the potential therapeutic targets, signaling pathways, and molecular mechanisms of SHXP in the treatment of severe COVID-19, which include the moderate immune system, relieves the “cytokine storm,” and anti-viral entry into cells.
FANCI may serve as a prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Liu Xiqin , Han Xia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
DNA damage is a fundamental process that plays a considerable role in generating protein diversity. FANCI, loaded on the altered chromatin, plays a vital role in DNA damage. Abnormal FANCI expression is potentially associated with carcinogenesis.However, the biological role of FANCI in cervical cancer is yet to be determined.

Methods:
We analyzed FANCI expression via multiple gene expression databases. Genes co-expressed with FANCI and its regulators were identified using LinkedOmics. The correlations between FANCI and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).

Results:

FANCI was found upregulated with amplification in tumor tissues of multiple cervical cancer cohorts. High FANCI expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS). Functional network analysis suggested that FANCI regulates spliceosome, DNA replication, and cell cycle signaling via pathways involving several cancer-related kinases and the E2F family. In additional, FANCI expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and neutrophils. FANCI expression also showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in cervical cancer.

Conclusion:
These findings suggested that FANCI is correlated with prognosis of and immune infiltration in cervical cancer, laying a foundation for further study of the immune regulatory role of FANCI in cervical cancer.
Management of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Wu Wei , An Feng-Duo , Piao Cheng-Lin , Tan Ming-Kun , Si Zhen-Duo , Xin Lan , Zhao Na , Leng Jian-Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (P-AVM) is a rare vascular malformation. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported. The clinical manifestations lack specificity. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and jaundice, which is easily confused with other disorders.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old man received TAE due to abdominal pain caused by P-AVM in a local hospital, melena and abdominal pain occurred in a short time after TAE.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed as P-AVM which was confirmed by computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography.

Interventions:
A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was successfully performed after diagnosis was made.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered with no complications two weeks after surgery, and no sign of recurrence was found during the 4-mo follow-up period.

Conclusion:
In our experience, TAE may have limitations in the treatment of P-AVM and surgical resection should be considered as the treatment of choice.
Identification of triple gene fusion ALK-LRRN2, LTBP1-ALK, and HIP1-ALK in advanced lung adenocarcinoma and response to alectinib
Authors: Ning Shangkun , Shi Congcong , Zhang Huifang , Li Jinpeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is the second most common targetable oncogene-dirven gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Owing to the advanced sequencing technologies, new partner genes of ALK have been constantly detected.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old Chinese woman went to our hospital with the chief complaint of cough and expectoration for 1 month. The patient had no fever, chest pain, and hemoptysis.

Diagnoses:
She was diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent lung biopsy guided by computed tomography and pathology showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. To explore possibility of targeted therapy, the tumor samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing, and a rare 3 ALK fusion variant ALK-LRRN2, LTBP1-ALK, and HIP1-ALK was identified.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient subsequently received alectinib treatment, and achieved partial response. No significant drug related adverse reactions were found during alectinib treatment. The progression-free survival achieved 25 months.

Lessons:
Together, we identified a rare triple ALK fusion variant, ALK-LRRN2, LTBP1-ALK and HIP1-ALK, in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. The patient benefited from alectinib treatment, which could provide a certain reference for the patients with such gene alteration.