bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a peer mentoring programme for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions
Authors: Schwartz Ariel E. , Levin Melissa 
Published: May 2021

Accessible Summary

Many young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities also have mental health challenges, such as anxiety, depression or post‐traumatic stress disorder.

Peer mentoring is when people with disabilities support another person with a disability.

We worked together to make a peer mentoring programme to help young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities have better mental health.

People enjoyed peer mentoring—they thought it was fun and that their mentors were nice. A few people thought that mentoring would be better if there was more time to do activities with their mentor. Some people felt like mentoring helped them learn ways to cope with their mental health challenges.

This article describes the peer mentoring programme, what people liked, what they did not like and how we want to change peer mentoring in the future. This is important, because other people might want to try peer mentoring so people with disabilities can learn from each other.

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted feasibility testing of a novel peer mentoring intervention addressing self‐awareness and proactive coping for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions. Aligned with regulatory flexibility theory, we hypothesised that if young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions learned a range of coping strategies, then they would have greater self‐efficacy for managing their emotions and, subsequently, decreased mental health symptoms.MethodsFive participants (Mage: 20, range: 16–22) were mentored by another young adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions for 10 sessions. Feasibility data collected included the following: enrollment data, attendance rates, participant and parent member experiences and observation of change (via post‐intervention interviews), and mentoring satisfaction via a mentoring questionnaire (range 15–60).FindingsOur enrolment rate was 16%. Mentoring was acceptable to young adults, as demonstrated by high attendance rates (98% of sessions attended), mentoring questionnaire responses (M=49.4) and feedback describing the intervention as enjoyable and mentors as “nice,” and “understanding.” Participants and parents reported potential change in self‐efficacy for managing emotions (proximal outcome), use of coping strategies and self‐awareness of needs, but few changes in mental health symptoms (distal outcomes).ConclusionsThe peer mentoring intervention was feasible and acceptable for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities and co‐occurring mental health conditions. Results suggest a longer intervention duration may be necessary to elicit changes in mental health symptoms. To enhance feasibility, different recruitment strategies should be considered.
The relative importance of COVID‐19 pandemic impacts on biodiversity conservation globally
Authors: Gibbons David W. , Sandbrook Chris , Sutherland William J. , Akter Rezvin , Bradbury Richard , Broad Steven , Clements Andy , Crick Humphrey Q. P. , Elliott Joanna , Gyeltshen Ngawang , Heath Melanie , Hughes Jonathan , Jenkins Richard K. B. , Jones Alastair H. , Lopez de la Lama Rocio , Macfarlane Nicholas B. W. , Maunder Mike , Prasad Ravikash , Romero‐Muñoz Alfredo , Steiner Noa , Tremlett James , Trevelyan Rosie , Vijaykumar Savita , Wedage Irushinie , Ockendon Nancy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on almost all aspects of human society and endeavor; the natural world and its conservation have not been spared. Through a process of expert consultation, we identified and categorized, into 19 themes and 70 subthemes, the ways in which biodiversity and its conservation have been or could be affected by the pandemic globally. Nearly 60% of the effects have been broadly negative. Subsequently, we created a compendium of all themes and subthemes, each with explanatory text, and in August 2020 a diverse group of experienced conservationists with expertise from across sectors and geographies assessed each subtheme for its likely impact on biodiversity conservation globally. The 9 subthemes ranked highest all have a negative impact. These were, in rank order, governments sidelining the environment during their economic recovery, reduced wildlife‐based tourism income, increased habitat destruction, reduced government funding, increased plastic and other solid waste pollution, weakening of nature‐friendly regulations and their enforcement, increased illegal harvest of wild animals, reduced philanthropy, and threats to survival of conservation organizations. In combination, these impacts present a worrying future of increased threats to biodiversity conservation but reduced capacity to counter them. The highest ranking positive impact, at 10, was the beneficial impact of wildlife‐trade restrictions. More optimistically, among impacts ranked 11‐20, 6 were positive and 4 were negative. We hope our assessment will draw attention to the impacts of the pandemic and, thus, improve the conservation community's ability to respond to such threats in the future.
The importance of rectal contrast in CT assessment to detect anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery
Authors: Marres Carla Christine Maria , Engelmann Esmee W. M. , Buskens Chistianne J. , Haak Hester Eline , Bemelman Willem A. , van de Ven Anthony Willem Hendrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimComputed tomography (CT) is currently the diagnostic tool most often used to detect anastomotic leakage (AL) after colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of rectal contrast.MethodAll patients who underwent colorectal surgery with a primary anastomosis between 2009 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients who underwent postoperative CT scanning in suspicion of AL were included. The clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with and without rectal contrast were compared.ResultsA total of 1183 patient records were reviewed; 225 patients underwent CT‐abdomen in suspicion of AL. Of these patients, 175 (77.8%) received rectal contrast. Sensitivity and specificity in this group were 78% and 94%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.78 and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.94. In the group without rectal contrast (n = 50), sensitivity was 47%, specificity 88%, PPV 0.66 and NPV 0.76. In patients who received rectal contrast, contrast reached the anastomosis in 81.7% compared with 26.0% in patients who were given only oral contrast (p < 0.001). The sensitivity increased to 93% in the group of patients with contrast at the anastomosis, the specificity to 97%, the PPV to 0.88 and the NPV to 0.98. No adverse events were observed after the use of rectal contrast.ConclusionThe use of rectal contrast led to a significant increase in the predictive value of CT scanning for AL, especially when it reached the anastomosis. This suggests that rectal contrast is a safe and useful adjunct to CT‐abdomen in the detection of AL.
Extensional Superposition and Its Relation to Compositionality in Language and Thought
Authors: Thornton Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSemantic composition in language must be closely related to semantic composition in thought. But the way the two processes are explained differs considerably. Focusing primarily on propositional content, language theorists generally take semantic composition to be a truth‐conditional process. Focusing more on extensional content, cognitive theorists take it to be a form of concept combination. But though deep, this disconnect is not irreconcilable. Both areas of theory assume that extensional (i.e., denotational) meanings must play a role. As this article demonstrates, they also have the potential to fulfill a mediative function. What is shown is that extensional meanings are themselves inherently compositional. On this basis, it becomes possible to model semantic composition without assuming the existence of any specifically linguistic/conceptual apparatus. Examples are presented to demonstrate this direct style of modeling. Abstract connections between composition in thought and language can then be made, raising the prospect of a more unified, theoretical account of semantic composition.
Evaluation of neutrophil extracellular trap deregulated formation in pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Croia Cristina , Dini Valentina , Loggini Barbara , Manni Elisabetta , Romanelli Marco , Migliorini Paola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a neutrophilic dermatose (ND) characterized by a dense neutrophilic infiltrate in the affected tissue. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web‐like structures released by neutrophils and composed of cytosolic and granule proteins assembled on a scaffold of decondensed chromatin. Very little is known about the role of NETosis in PG. Here, we assessed the possible implication of NETosis in the pathogenesis of PG by investigating the NETosis in the ulcers of 26 PG patients. We demonstrated that neutrophils in the PG skin lesions undergo an aberrant level of NETosis in 100% of the analysed cases (N = 26). All control and abscess biopsies were instead negative for the NETosis. In addition, neutrophils from peripheral blood of PG patients showed a significantly higher rate of spontaneous, but not induced, NETosis. Overall, this study suggests that the NETosis may contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue destruction in PG, thus representing a possible novel therapeutic target.
Conditional love? Co‐occurrence patterns of drought‐sensitive species in European grasslands are consistent with the stress‐gradient hypothesis
Authors: de Jonge Melinda M. J. , Benítez‐López Ana , Hennekens Stephan , Santini Luca , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH) postulates that species interactions shift from negative to positive with increasing abiotic stress. Interactions between species are increasingly being recognized as important drivers of species distributions, but it is still unclear whether stress‐induced changes in interactions affect continental‐to‐global scale species distributions. Here, we tested whether associations of vascular plant species in dry grasslands in Europe follow the SGH along a climatic water deficit (CWD) gradient across the continent.LocationDry grasslands in Europe.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe built a context‐dependent joint species distribution model (JSDM) to estimate the residual associations (i.e., associations that are not explained by the abiotic environment) of 161 plant species as a function of the CWD based on community data from 8,660 vegetation plots. We evaluated changes in residual associations between species for pairs and on the community level, and we compared responses for groups of species with different drought tolerances.ResultsWe found contrasting shifts in associations for drought‐sensitive and drought‐tolerant species. For drought‐sensitive species, 21% of the pairwise associations became more positive with increasing CWD, whereas 17% became more negative. In contrast, only 17% of the pairwise associations involving drought‐tolerant species became more positive, whereas 27% became more negative in areas with a high CWD. Additionally, the incidence of positive associations increased with drought for drought‐sensitive species and decreased for drought‐tolerant species.Main conclusionsWe found that associations of drought‐sensitive plant species became more positive with drought, in line with the SGH. In contrast, associations of drought‐tolerant species became more negative. Additionally, changes in associations of single species pairs were highly variable. Our results indicate that stress‐modulated species associations might influence the distribution of species over large geographical extents, thus leading to unexpected responses under climate change through shifts in species associations.
Reticulated ceramic foams from alumina‐chromia solid solutions: A feasibility study
Authors: Betke Ulf , Schrake Daniel , Scheffler Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOpen cellular ceramic foams were manufactured from plain and chromia‐doped alumina, with a chromium concentration ranging between 1.25 mol% and 5.0 mol%. The (AlCr)2O3 starting powders were prepared by precipitation of a chromia precursor onto the surface of an alumina powder and subsequent calcination. Characterization of the starting powders as well as the foam samples made therefrom were carried out with respect to the chromium concentration in the alumina phase and the influence of the dopant on the cellular structure and sintering behavior of the doped material. While no positive effect on the compressive strength of the ceramic foams was found, the dopant influences the sintering behavior resulting in an increased shrinkage and in a reduction of total porosity.
The effect of health education on prevention of low back pain for health caregivers and cleaning workers
Authors: Güneş Elifnur , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of health education on prevention of low back pain for health caregivers and cleaning workers.BackgroundLow back pain is a common health problem in the workplace. Health education is important in the prevention and recurrence of low back pain.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design with a pre‐test and post‐test control group was used. The population of the study consisted of health caregivers and cleaning workers working in a university hospital in Turkey. A total of 120 participants, 60 in the intervention group and 60 in the control group, were included in the study. Data were collected between October 2016 and April 2017. A questionnaire, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Scale and the Knowledge Evaluation Form were used to collect data. Health education was given to the intervention group.ResultsFollowing the health education, the mean scores of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Scale in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group and had a larger effect size.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the effectiveness of health education in the prevention of low back pain in health caregivers and cleaning workers.
Atmospheric CO2 enrichment effect on water use efficiency in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Saha Saurav , Chakraborty Debashis , Sehgal Vinay K , Pal Madan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffect of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on crop water relations was evaluated in an open‐top chamber experiment on kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.; Pusa 1,105). Increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2], 580 ± 20 μmol/mol) resulted in 21%–46% increase in leaf water potential, and 7%–11% in relative leaf water content, indicating higher water content in leaves, compared to the ambient level (a[CO2], 384 ± 12 μmol/mol). Higher leaf water status was connoted through spectral indices over the growing period. A rise in CO2, however, brought increase in leaf diffusive resistance and canopy temperature by 15%–35% and 3%–11%, respectively, potentially indicating partial closure of stomata. Increase in leaf area index (13%–73%), and higher spectral vegetation index suggested improved growth of chickpea under e[CO2]. An increase in leaf area compensated the decrease in diffusive resistance, and therefore seasonal total water use was similar between enriched and ambient conditions. Although water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 30% (p < .05) due to an increase in crop biomass under e[CO2], the canopy conductance remained unaffected. Results suggest a possibility of improved plant water status, enhanced biomass production and increased WUE for chickpea, with similar crop water use under future e[CO2] levels.
Integrating elements of teddy bear therapy into cognitive behavioral therapy for a child with obsessive–compulsive disorder: A case study
Authors: Harris Olivia , Lloyd Susannah , Ward Jayne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProblemChildhood obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) can chronically affect functioning across a multitude of areas. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well‐evidenced as an effective treatment option, however, there is less research on how CBT for OCD can best be adapted to meet the specific needs of younger children. Integrating CBT with forms of therapy that incorporate play and externalization may be particularly appropriate for this age group. However, more research is needed detailing how this could be carried out in clinical settings.MethodsThis study meets this need by describing the treatment of an 8‐year‐old boy with OCD. An evidence‐based CBT approach was used integrated with teddy‐bear therapy (TBT). This study employs a single‐case A–B design to explore the acceptability and benefits of using an integrated CBT/TBT treatment approach.Findings and ConclusionsA reduction in ritualistic behavior and anxiety was seen following treatment, with qualitative feedback from the client and his family showing the inclusion of TBT to be experienced as acceptable and useful. All therapy goals were met by the end of treatment, though the parental scores on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale indicated ongoing clinically significant OCD symptoms. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Mild hypothermia in rat with acute myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury complicating severe sepsis
Authors: Qin Zhuyun , Shen Shixuan , Qu Kaiyong , Nie Yu , Zhang Haitao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) with concurrent severe sepsis has led to substantial mortality. Mild hypothermia (MHT) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in either MIRI or severe sepsis, which suggests it might be beneficial for MIRI complicating severe sepsis. In this study, Sprague‐Dawley rats with MIRI complicating severe sepsis were allotted in either MHT (33 ± 0.5°C) group or normothermia (NT, 37 ± 0.5°C) group; as control, rats receiving sham surgery and normal saline were kept at NT. After 2h of temperature maintenance, blood and heart tissue were acquired for detections. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK‐MB) in blood, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evans blue staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining for myocardium were employed to detect myocardial damage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and caspase‐3 was performed by immunohistochemistry to exam myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. Detection of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 was for myocardial oxidative stress. In MHT group, systolic blood pressure was improved significantly compared with NT group. Myocardial infarct size, morphological change, LDH and CK‐MB levels were attenuated compared to NT group. Moreover, less expressions of TNF‐α, caspase‐3 and NOX2 in MHT group were presented compared with NT group. MHT showed cardioprotection by improving cardiac dysfunction, reducing myocardial infarct size and attenuating myocardial injury, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Structural dissimilarity of partners' immune genes increases sperm viability in women's reproductive tract
Authors: Magris Martina , Jokiniemi Annalaura , Kuusipalo Liisa , Ritari Jarmo , Koskela Satu , Partanen Jukka , Kekäläinen Jukka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes appear to mediate pre‐ and post‐copulatory mate choice towards HLA‐dissimilar (‘compatible’) partners. However, since genetically distinct alleles often have similar immunogenic properties, genetic dissimilarity is not necessarily an accurate predictor of the functional compatibility of HLA alleles and, hence, may not reflect partners' true compatibility. Furthermore, it has remained unclear whether other genes of the immune system could also play a role in male–female compatibility. We studied whether the immunoglobulin binding regions (eplets) of HLA molecules and the immunoglobulin structural dissimilarity of the partners affect their gamete‐level compatibility. We exposed sperm of multiple men to follicular fluid or cervical mucus of multiple women and tested whether sperm viability in these reproductive secretions was influenced by HLA eplet and immunoglobulin structural dissimilarity between partners. We found that eplet dissimilarity positively affects sperm viability in follicular fluid, whereas immunoglobulin dissimilarity enhanced sperm viability in cervical mucus. Together, these findings indicate that structural characteristics of both HLA alleles and immunoglobulins may facilitate cryptic female choice towards immunologically compatible partners. Our results, thus, indicate that partners' genetic compatibility may have wider immunological basis than traditionally has been assumed. Relative contribution of different immunogenetic factors to overall compatibility of the reproductive partners needs to be clarified in future studies.
On the association of debt attitudes with socioeconomic characteristics and financial behaviors
Authors: Loibl Cäzilia , Letkiewicz Jodi , McNair Simon , Summers Barbara , Bruine de Bruin Wändi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates time trends in debt attitudes, the socioeconomic profiles of members in three debt attitudes groups, implications for borrowing, banking, and spending behaviors, and the relationship of debt attitudes with planned borrowing and saving behaviors. Based on a representative online survey data of the German population, gender, income, and educational attainment are found to distinguish a larger group of emergency debtors from two smaller, about equally‐sized, groups of debt refusers and debt pragmatists. Debt refusers report less engagement in current borrowing, banking, and spending behaviors compared with emergency debtors and debt pragmatists. Results hold after controlling for psychological responses such as economic outlook, financial planning, and debt stress. Implications for attitude‐focused interventions are discussed.
Good credit, bad credit: The differential role of the sources of debt in life satisfaction
Authors: Bialowolski Piotr , Weziak‐Bialowolska Dorota 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the short‐term links between different forms of household debt—credit card debt, student debt, debt from relatives, mortgage debt, car debt, and debt arrears—and life satisfaction. To this end, a longitudinal dataset for the US population from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) was used and the propensity score difference‐in‐differences approach was applied. Credit card debt and student loans negatively impacted life satisfaction in the short term (up to 2 years). Mortgages and external financing for a car, however, were found to increase life satisfaction. The effects associated with the initial uptake and final repayment of a loan turned out to not be symmetrical—the end of any type of loan contract was not related to life satisfaction. In the case of involuntary debt (i.e., mortgage arrears), a significant negative impact on life satisfaction was noted when problems emerged, while a positive effect was found when the debts were paid off.