bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury
Authors: Tallqvist Susanna , Kauppila Anna-Maija , Vainionpää Aki , Koskinen Eerika , Bergman Paula , Anttila Heidi , Hämäläinen Harri , Täckman Anni , Kallinen Mauri , Arokoski Jari , Hiekkala Sinikka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Study design
A cross-sectional study.

Objectives
To explore the prevalence of comorbidities, secondary health conditions (SHCs), and multimorbidity in the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting
The data were collected from the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI). Participants were identified from three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong follow-up of persons with SCI in Finland, (n = 884 participants, response rate; 50%).

Methods
The FinSCI-questionnaire included a question from the National Study of Health, Well-being, and Service (FinSote) for screening 12 comorbidities. The reference data of the general population for that question were received from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scale (SCI-SCS) was used to screen 16 SHCs. The data were analysed with univariate testing and multivariable negative binomial regression modelling.

Results
The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure/hypertension (38%), back problems (28%), and high cholesterol (22%). The most common SHCs were joint and muscle pain (81%), muscle spasms (74%), chronic pain (71%), and bowel problems (71%). The prevalence of comorbidities was highest among persons aged ≥76 years (mean; 2.0; scale range; 0–12). The prevalence of SHCs was highest in the severity of SCI group C1–4 AIS A, B, and C (mean; 8.9; scale range; 0–16).

Conclusions
Further research on geriatrics in SCI, non-traumatic SCI, and knowledge of the needs of persons with cervical lesion AIS A, B, or C is required, due to the fact that the prevalence of multimorbidity is high in these groups.
Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are associated with decreased risk of pneumococcal colonization during infancy
Authors: Kelly Matthew S , Plunkett Catherine , Yu Yahe , Aquino Jhoanna N , Patel Sweta M , Hurst Jillian H , Young Rebecca R , Smieja Marek , Steenhoff Andrew P , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Feemster Kristen A , Boiditswe Sefelani , Leburu Tirayaone , Mazhani Tiny , Patel Mohamed Z , Rawls John F , Jawahar Jayanth , Shah Samir S , Polage Christopher R , Cunningham Coleen K , Seed Patrick C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of severe infections among children and adults. Interactions between commensal microbes in the upper respiratory tract and S. pneumoniae are poorly described. In this study, we sought to identify interspecies interactions that modify the risk of S. pneumoniae colonization during infancy and to describe development of the upper respiratory microbiome during infancy in a sub-Saharan African setting. We collected nasopharyngeal swabs monthly (0–6 months of age) or bimonthly (6–12 months of age) from 179 mother–infant dyads in Botswana. We used 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize the nasopharyngeal microbiome and identified S. pneumoniae colonization using a species-specific PCR assay. We detect S. pneumoniae colonization in 144 (80%) infants at a median age of 71 days and identify a strong negative association between the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Corynebacterium within the infant nasopharyngeal microbiome and the risk of S. pneumoniae colonization. Using in vitro cultivation experiments, we demonstrate growth inhibition of S. pneumoniae by secreted factors from strains of several Corynebacterium species isolated from these infants. Finally, we demonstrate that antibiotic exposures and the winter season are associated with a decline in the relative abundance of Corynebacterium within the nasopharyngeal microbiome, while breastfeeding is associated with an increase in the Corynebacterium relative abundance. Our findings provide novel insights into the interspecies interactions that contribute to colonization resistance to S. pneumoniae and suggest that the nasopharyngeal microbiome may be a previously unrecognized mechanism by which environmental factors influence the risk of pneumococcal infections during childhood. Moreover, this work lays the foundation for future studies seeking to use targeted manipulation of the nasopharyngeal microbiome to prevent infections caused by S. pneumoniae.
Autophagy-competent mitochondrial translation elongation factor TUFM inhibits caspase-8-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Choi Chang-Yong , Vo Mai Tram , Nicholas John , Choi Young Bong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMitochondria support multiple cell functions, but an accumulation of dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria is detrimental to cells. We previously demonstrated that a defect in the autophagic removal of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, leads to the acceleration of apoptosis induced by herpesvirus productive infection. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying activation of mitophagy and regulation of apoptosis remain poorly understood despite the identification of various mitophagy-associated proteins. Here, we report that the mitochondrial translation elongation factor Tu, a mitophagy-associated protein encoded by the TUFM gene, locates in part on the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM) where it acts as an inhibitor of altered mitochondria-induced apoptosis through its autophagic function. Inducible depletion of TUFM potentiated caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in virus-infected cells with accumulation of altered mitochondria. In addition, TUFM depletion promoted caspase-8 activation induced by treatment with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in cancer cells, potentially via dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Importantly, we revealed the existence of and structural requirements for autophagy-competent TUFM on the OMM; the GxxxG motif within the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences of TUFM was required for self-dimerization and mitophagy. Furthermore, we found that autophagy-competent TUFM was subject to ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation but stabilized upon mitophagy or autophagy activation. Moreover, overexpression of autophagy-competent TUFM could inhibit caspase-8 activation. These studies extend our knowledge of mitophagy regulation of apoptosis and could provide a novel strategic basis for targeted therapy of cancer and viral diseases.
More knowledge causes a focused attention deployment pattern leading to lower creative performances
Authors: Yang Kunhao , Fujisaki Itsuki , Ueda Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrate that people with less professional knowledge can achieve higher performance than those with more professional knowledge in creative activities. However, the factors related to this phenomenon remain unclear. Based on previous discussions in cognitive science, we hypothesised that people with different amounts of professional knowledge have varying attention deployment patterns, leading to different creative performances. To examine our hypothesis, we analysed two datasets collected from a web-based survey and a popular online shopping website, Amazon.com (United States). We found that during information processing, people with less professional knowledge tended to give their divided attention, which positively affected creative performances. Contrarily, people with more professional knowledge tended to give their concentrated attention, which had a negative effect. Our results shed light on the relation between the amount of professional knowledge and attention deployment patterns, thereby enabling a deeper understanding of the factors underlying the different creative performances of people with varying amounts of professional knowledge.
Current tuned slotted Y‐branch laser for wafer thickness measurements with THz radiation
Authors: Surkamp N. , Gerling A. , O'Gorman J. , Honsberg M. , Schmidtmann S. , Nandi U. , Preu S. , Sacher J. , Brenner C. , Hofmann M. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA slotted Y‐branch laser diode that emits two spectral modes at a difference frequency of about 1 THz is investigated in the context of photonic based cw‐THz measurements. The beating frequency of the emitted laser light can be tuned by ±10.5 GHz around 1 THz by changing the applied laser current, which allows for potentially fast measurements. A second spectral window of ±6.5 GHz was found at 850 GHz. Pointwise scanning of the difference frequency is demonstrated with thickness determination of HRFZ‐Si wafer samples as a possible application scenario.
Power quality investigation of CHB nine‐level converter based large‐scale solar PV system with different modulation schemes
Authors: Kulkarni Jyoti , Yadav Shivam Kumar , Singh Bhim , Kumar Narendra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultilevel converters (MLCs) are extensively used in solar photovoltaic (SPV) applications owing to their advantages such as low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the converter voltage, reduction in device stress, and switching losses. A suitable modulation technique is important for the efficient closed‐loop control of megawatt (MW)‐scale solar photovoltaic plants. This work utilises different modulation techniques, such as phase‐shifted (PS) multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM), selected harmonic elimination (SHE), and nearest level modulation (NLM), for switching of cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) converter‐based large‐scale SPV systems. The investigation on improving power quality is presented with a suitable fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and comparative graphs. The presented control and modulation enhance the power quality of the output current being fed to the grid in the dynamic solar profile. Moreover, the low switching frequency employed in this photovoltaic converter at a high power rating increases the system efficiency. Graphical illustrations of losses with fundamental and PWM switching were analysed for the MW‐rated system. The obtained results show that SHE‐PWM provides the best performance for large‐scale solar power plants. Furthermore, the IEEE‐519 standard was met for both grid voltages and currents. The system was modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated in a real‐time environment.
A two‐stage model predictive control with zero‐sequence voltage injection for a three‐level T‐type inverter
Authors: Xin Yechun , Wang Yanxu , Wu Gang , Jiang Shouqi , Wang Weiru , Wang Chaobin , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThree‐level inverter systems based on the conventional Finite Control Set‐Model Predictive Control (FCS‐MPC) principle are characterized by large current ripples, difficult‐to‐design weighting factors and variable switching frequencies. In order to solve these problems, in this study a two‐stage model predictive control is proposed that consists of two objective functions: the current prediction and neutral point potential prediction objective functions. The first objective function was based on the mathematical model of a three‐level T‐type, and the second was based on the zero‐sequence injection principle and intended to modify the modulated signals. Then, a multi‐carrier modulation method was adopted to attain the switching signal for the inverter system. In addition, this paper analyses the sensitivity of the inductance and load resistance parameters for the predictive model. Finally, the performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated based on the time‐domain simulation and experiment study.
Followed The Regularized Leader (FTRL) prediction model based photovoltaic array reconfiguration for mitigation of mismatch losses in partial shading condition
Authors: Gao Xin , Deng Fang , Zheng Hao , Ding Ning , Ye Ziman , Cai Yeyun , Wang Xiangyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon‐uniform irradiance, for example, partial shading, would affect the performance of the whole Photovoltaic (PV) array and reduce the output power. Since the layout of PV array is also an important factor influencing the performance of PV array, reconfiguration scheme has been researched popularly. Since plenty of array reconfiguration techniques are not realistic to be implemented in reality, in this paper considering the simplicity, robustness and economical aspects, a Followed The Regularized Leader algorithm (FTRL) regression prediction model based switches controlled PV array reconfiguration method is proposed to enhance the power output from solar PV array and alleviate the effects of partial shadings. The proposed scheme has no additional labor and wire requirement, since the proposed connection architecture of PV array involves no complex switch matrix design. Subsequently, to testify the performance of the proposed scheme, simulations with various shades in different PV arrays are made and evaluation parameters, for example, Fill Factor (FF) and mismatch loss are calculated. Furthermore, outdoor experiments are conducted to validate the simulation and the analyses. Besides, extensive analyses of cost analysis and energy savings are given. At last, a comprehensive evaluation is performed to check the quality of the proposed scheme by comparing with various techniques in literature.
Comprehensive aging assessment of pitch systems combining SCADA and failure data
Authors: Wei Lu , Qian Zheng , Zareipour Hamidreza , Zhang Fanghong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to the recent rapid development of the wind energy industry, many wind turbines that have been operational over long periods will face degradation caused by aging effects; hence, an appropriate aging assessment method for wind turbines and their components is essential for optimizing the asset management and maintenance strategy of a wind farm. An aging assessment method is proposed for wind‐turbine electric‐pitch systems by introducing four individual aging indicators based on the examination of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and failure data, i.e. function, energy‐consumption, temperature, and reliability indicators. To obtain a reliable comprehensive assessment, an information‐fusion method has been developed based on a given reference value; the weighting factors in the information fusion were calculated based on the reference value, while reliability and robustness were verified using the SCADA and failure data from a wind farm over three years.
Analysis of the Caribbean wave climate for wave energy harvesting
Authors: Lemessy Kevin G. , Manohar Krishpersad , Adeyanju Anthony 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the design requirements for a regional wave energy converter are identified from the analysis of 10 years of spectral data provided by nine buoys located across the Caribbean. It indicated that the average significant wave height and wave period in the Caribbean is 1.62 m and 5.91 s, respectively, while the average total theoretical power capable of being absorbed from a wave energy converter is 7.4 kilowatts per meter of surface waves. Devices should be designed to withstand a significant wave height of 19.0 ± 2.8 meters (95% confidence) for a 1 in 100 year return wave. This was determined by performing various extreme wave analyses. Additionally, a design life of 30 years for a device would have a probability of exceedance regarding this return wave as 26%. Using two‐dimensional wave spectra analysis for the resource study, the overall spectral width, directionality coefficient and direction of the maximum directionally resolved wave power for the region are determined to be 0.172, 0.74 and 42°, respectively. It is expected that the combination of these information would improve the viability of a wave energy industry in the Caribbean and advance technological development.
Hint of a truncated primordial spectrum from the CMB large-scale anomalies
Authors: Melia Fulvio , Ma Qingbo , Wei Jun-Jie , Yu Bo 
Published: September 2021

Context. Several satellite missions have uncovered a series of potential anomalies in the fluctuation spectrum of the cosmic microwave background temperature, including: (1) an unexpectedly low level of correlation at large angles, manifested via the angular correlation function, C(θ); and (2) missing power in the low multipole moments of the angular power spectrum, Cℓ.
Aims. Their origin is still debated, however, due to a persistent lack of clarity concerning the seeding of quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. A likely explanation for the first of these appears to be a cutoff, kmin = (3.14 ± 0.36)×10−4 Mpc−1, in the primordial power spectrum, 𝒫(k). Our goal in this paper is twofold: (1) we examine whether the same kmin can also self-consistently explain the missing power at large angles, and (2) we confirm that the introduction of this cutoff in 𝒫(k) does not adversely affect the remarkable consistency between the prediction of Planck-ΛCDM and the Planck measurements at ℓ > 30.
Methods. We have used the publicly available code CAMB to calculate the angular power spectrum, based on a line-of-sight approach. The code was modified slightly to include the additional parameter (i.e., kmin) characterizing the primordial power spectrum. In addition to this cutoff, the code optimized all of the usual standard-model parameters.
Results. In fitting the angular power spectrum, we found an optimized cutoff, kmin = (2.04−0.79+1.4) × 10−4 Mpc−1, when using the whole range of ℓ’s, and kmin = (3.3−1.3+1.7) × 10−4 Mpc−1, when fitting only the range ℓ ≤ 30, where the Sachs-Wolfe effect is dominant.
Conclusions. These are fully consistent with the value inferred from C(θ), suggesting that both of these large-angle anomalies may be due to the same truncation in 𝒫(k).
The dust–star interplay in late-type galaxies at z < 0.5: Forecasts for the JWST
Authors: Pappalardo Ciro , Bendo George J. , Boquien Mederic , Baes Maarten , Viaene Sebastien , Bianchi Simone , Fritz Jacopo 
Published: September 2021

Context. In recent years, significant growth in the amount of data available to astronomers has opened up the possibility for extensive multi-wavelength approaches. In the field of galaxy evolution, such approaches have uncovered fundamental correlations, linking the dust component of a galaxy to its star formation rate (SFR). Despite these achievements, the relation between the SFR and the dust is still challenging, with uncertainties related to the physical mechanisms linking the two.
Aims. In this paper, we re-examine these correlations, paying specific attention to the intrinsic properties of the dust. Our goal is to investigate the origin of the observed scatter in low-redshift galaxies, and the ability of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to explore such relations in the early Universe.
Methods. We defined a sample of about 800 normal star-forming galaxies with photometries in the range of 0.15 < λ < 500 μm and analysed them with different spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting methods. With the SEDs extracted, we investigated the detection rate at different redshifts with the MId-Infrared instruments (MIRI) on board the JWST.
Results. Dust luminosity (Ld) and SFR show a strong correlation, but for SFR < 2 M⊙ yr−1, the correlation scatter increases dramatically. We show that selection based on the fraction of ultraviolet (UV) emission absorbed by dust, that is, the UV extinction, greatly reduces the data dispersion. Dust masses (Md) and SFR show a weaker correlation, with a larger scatter due to the interstellar radiation field produced by stars during late evolutionary stages, which shifts the positions of the galaxies in the dust mass–SFR plane. At z = 2, more than 60% of the galaxies in the sample are detected with F770, F1000, F1280, F1500, and F1800. At higher redshifts, the detection decreases, and only 45% of z = 8 galaxies are detected with two filters. Reproducing the expected sensitivity of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey and classifying galaxies according to their SFR and stellar mass (M*), we investigated the MIRI detection rate as a function of the physical properties of the galaxies. Fifty percent of the objects with SFR ∼ 1 M⊙ yr−1 at z = 6 are detected with F770, which decreases to 20% at z = 8. For such galaxies, only 5% of the subsample will be detected at 5σ with F770 and F1000 at z = 8, and only 10% with F770, F1000, and F1280 at z = 6. For galaxies with higher SFR, detection with these three filters will be possible up to z = 6 in ∼60% of the subsample.
Conclusions. The link between dust and star formation is complex, and many aspects remain to be fully understood. The scatter between SFR and dust mass, and SFR and luminosity, decreases significantly when the analysis includes dust properties. In this context, the JWST will revolutionise the field, allowing investigation of the dust–star interplay well within the epoch of reionisation.
Medicinal Plants: Guests and Hosts in the Heterologous Expression of High-Value Products
Authors: Vasilev Nikolay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants play an important dual role in the context of the heterologous expression of high-value pharmaceutical products. On the one hand, the classical biochemical and modern omics approaches allowed for the discovery of various genes encoding biosynthetic pathways in medicinal plants. Recombinant DNA technology enabled introducing these genes and regulatory elements into host organisms and enhancing the heterologous production of the corresponding secondary metabolites. On the other hand, the transient expression of foreign DNA in plants facilitated the production of numerous proteins of pharmaceutical importance. This review summarizes several success stories of the engineering of plant metabolic pathways in heterologous hosts. Likewise, a few examples of recombinant protein expression in plants for therapeutic purposes are also highlighted. Therefore, the importance of medicinal plants has grown immensely as sources for valuable products of low and high
molecular weight. The next step ahead for bioengineering is to achieve more success stories of industrial-scale production of secondary plant metabolites in microbial systems and to fully exploit plant cell factoriesʼ commercial potential for recombinant proteins.
Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Metabolism of Chemical Constituents of Berberis kansuensis Extract Based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS Technique
Authors: Du Huan , Xu Tong , Yi Huan , Xu Xinmei , Zhao Chengcheng , Ge Yiman , Zhang Chuantao , Fan Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dried stem bark of Berberis kansuensis is a commonly used Tibetan herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Its main chemical components are alkaloids, such as berberine, magnoflorine and jatrorrhizine. However, the role of gut microbiota in the in vivo metabolism of these chemical components has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology was applied to detect and identify prototype components and metabolites in rat intestinal contents and serum samples after oral administration of a B. kansuensis extract. A total of 16 prototype components and 40 metabolites were identified. The primary metabolic pathways of the chemical components from B. kansuensis extract were demethylation, desaturation, deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and other conjugation reactions including sulfation, glucuronidation,
glycosidation, and methylation. By comparing the differences of metabolites between diabetic and pseudo-germ-free diabetic rats, we found that the metabolic transformation of some chemical components in B. kansuensis extract such as bufotenin, ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, magnoflorine, and 8-oxyberberine, was affected by the gut microbiota. The results revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the metabolic transformation of chemical constituents in B. kansuensis extract. These findings can enhance our understanding of the active ingredients of B. kansuensis extract and the key role of the gut microbiota on them.