bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spanish Adaptation of the Self- and Other-Interest Inventory in Academic Settings
Authors: Aguayo-Estremera Raimundo , Miragaya-Casillas Cristina , Correa Manuel , Ruiz-Villaverde Alberto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the study of human motivations, self-interest is often seen as a determining factor and opposed to other-interest. Recently a new conceptualization has been proposed in which both interests can occur at the same time. In order to measure these constructs, the Self-and Other-Interest Inventory (SOII; Gerbasi & Prentice, 2013) was created, which has one version for adults and one for students. Due to the absence of similar measurement instruments in Spain, the aim of this work is to adapt the SOII to Spanish university students. Several studies were conducted. First, the construct was analyzed through rational-analytical procedures. Second, the items were translated following an iterative forward-translation design. Finally, evidence of validity was obtained through analytical procedures. Specifically, two pilot studies were carried out in which two independent samples of Spanish students participated (N1 = 119; N2 = 165). In both studies descriptive analyzes of the items were performed, reliability was estimated and the factor structure of the SOII was explored from an exploratory factor analysis. The results showed adequate reliability and a two-factor solution consistent with the original.
Assessment of WRF Model Parameter Sensitivity for High‐Intensity Precipitation Events During the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Chinta Sandeep , Yaswanth Sai J. , Balaji C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDefault values for many parameters in Numerical Weather Prediction models are typically adopted based on theoretical or experimental investigations by scheme designers. Short‐range forecasts are substantially affected by the specification of parameters in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The presence of a multitude of parameters and several output variables in the WRF model renders appropriate parameter value identification quite challenging. This study aims to identify the parameters that most strongly influence the model output variables using a Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) method. Morris One‐At‐a‐Time (MOAT), a GSA method, is used to identify the sensitivities of 23 chosen tunable parameters corresponding to seven physical parameterization schemes of the WRF model. The sensitivity measures (MOAT mean and standard deviation) are evaluated for 11 output variables simulated by the WRF model, corresponding to different parameters. Twelve high‐intensity 4‐day precipitation events during the Indian summer monsoon during 2015, 2016, and 2017 over India's monsoon core region are considered for the study. Though the parameter sensitivities vary depending on the model output variable, overall results suggest a general trend. The consistency of sensitivity analysis results with different initial and lateral boundary conditions is also assessed.
The Role of Spatial Averaging Scale in Leaf‐To‐Canopy Scaling of Non‐Linear Processes in Homogeneous Canopies
Authors: Kent Eric R. , Bailey Brian N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn formulating canopy biophysical models of non‐linear processes like photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, it is necessary to average inputs over some representative spatial scale (sub‐leaf, leaf, sub‐crown, crown, whole‐canopy, etc.). The consequences of the choice of averaging scale is often unclear due to the inability of experiments to robustly quantify fluxes across the full range of relevant length scales. This study quantified errors in canopy‐level flux simulations due to input radiative flux averaging scale choice using a detailed leaf‐resolving biophysical model that represents three‐dimensional canopy geometry at the sub‐leaf level. Simulations were performed for an array of homogeneous canopies differing in leaf area index (LAI), canopy height, leaf inclination angle distribution, leaf size, leaf shape, and the size of leaf sub‐sections relative to total leaf size. Canopy fluxes based on a sub‐leaf averaging scale were compared with fluxes derived from averaging over single leaves, averaging sunlit and shaded portions of leaf area separately (i.e., two‐leaf model), and averaging multiple vertical layers and leaf angle classes separately (i.e., multi‐layer model). Canopy‐level fluxes were found to be influenced by the chosen averaging scale and other variables tested, especially LAI. Averaging approaches inherent in the two‐leaf and multi‐layer models currently used in most canopy models resulted in low or moderate over‐estimates of canopy‐level fluxes under many conditions tested. Surprisingly, averaging over entire leaves (i.e., leaf‐resolving model) had the potential to create the largest errors. This result underscored the need to sub‐divide leaves in leaf‐resolving models.
A Physically Based Definition of Convectively Generated Density Currents: Detection and Characterization in Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Rochetin Nicolas , Hohenegger Cathy , Touzé‐Peiffer Ludovic , Villefranque Najda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, a conceptual model to define convective density currents is proposed. Based on theory, observations and modeling studies, we define convective density currents as 3D coherent structures with an anomalously cold core, an adjacent wind gust, and a vertical structure made of two layers: a well‐mixed one near the surface and a stratified one above. With this definition, a methodology is proposed to identify and label individual convective density currents in convection‐permitting simulations. The method is applied to four distinct cloud scenes taken from a convection‐permitting simulation. Our methodology reveals new dynamic, thermodynamic, and geometric features related to the density currents’ imprint on the planetary boundary layer. The method is found to be (i) relevant in distinct convective regimes, (ii) relevant in land and oceanic situations, and (iii) adapted to both Cloud Resolving Models and Large Eddy Simulations. It also provides proxies such as the number, the spatial coverage, the mean radius, and the mean velocity of convective density currents, from which a detailed analysis of their role in the life‐cycle and spatial organization of convection could be performed in the near future.
Macromineral and trace element requirements for Santa Ines sheep
Authors: Sousa Dayanne Lima , Marcondes Marcos Inácio , Silva Luciano Pinheiro , Lima Francisco Wellington Rodrigues , Herbster Caio Julio Lima , Souza Jocely Gomes , Rodrigues João Paulo Pacheco , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Oliveira Ronaldo Lopes , Pereira Elzania Sales 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMinerals play an important role in animal metabolism. Knowledge of mineral requirements allows well-formulated diets to be provided, which is the main factor that affects performance. To determine the macromineral and trace element requirements for growth and maintenance, thirty-eight 2-month-old Santa Ines lambs with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 ± 1.49 kg were distributed in a factorial design with feeding levels (ad libitum, 30% and 60% feed restriction) and sex classes [castrated (CM) and intact males (IM)]. The net mineral requirements for gain were higher (P < 0.05) with increasing BW and average daily gain, except for Ca and Na, which remained constant as the empty BW (EBW) increased. The macromineral net requirement for maintenance (g/kg EBW0.75) and the true retention coefficient (k; %) were 0.0784 and 65.2 for Ca, 0.0926 and 80.0 for P, and 0.0379 and 59.0 for K, respectively. The k of Mg was higher (P < 0.05) for IM (11.3 for IM and 7.9 for CM). Sex did not affect (P > 0.05) the maintenance requirement of the trace elements Co, Cu, Zn and Cr which were 0.0015, 0.037, 0.698, and 0.0055 (mg/kg EBW0.75), respectively. Our study indicated that the Santa Ines net mineral requirements are different from the main nutritional requirements established by committees for sheep, which may result in unbalanced diets.
Evaluating machine learning methodologies for identification of cancer driver genes
Authors: Malebary Sharaf J. , Khan Yaser Daanial 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCancer is driven by distinctive sorts of changes and basic variations in genes. Recognizing cancer driver genes is basic for accurate oncological analysis. Numerous methodologies to distinguish and identify drivers presently exist, but efficient tools to combine and optimize them on huge datasets are few. Most strategies for prioritizing transformations depend basically on frequency-based criteria. Strategies are required to dependably prioritize organically dynamic driver changes over inert passengers in high-throughput sequencing cancer information sets. This study proposes a model namely PCDG-Pred which works as a utility capable of distinguishing cancer driver and passenger attributes of genes based on sequencing data. Keeping in view the significance of the cancer driver genes an efficient method is proposed to identify the cancer driver genes. Further, various validation techniques are applied at different levels to establish the effectiveness of the model and to obtain metrics like accuracy, Mathew’s correlation coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity. The results of the study strongly indicate that the proposed strategy provides a fundamental functional advantage over other existing strategies for cancer driver genes identification. Subsequently, careful experiments exhibit that the accuracy metrics obtained for self-consistency, independent set, and cross-validation tests are 91.08%., 87.26%, and 92.48% respectively.
Elucidation of rutin’s role in inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis via HPV-E6 and E7 down-regulation in cervical cancer HeLa cells
Authors: Pandey Pratibha , Khan Fahad , Farhan Mohd , Jafri Asif 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the recent few years rutin has gained wider attention in exhibiting inhibitory potential against several oncotargets for inducing apoptotic and antiproliferative activity in several human cancer cells. Several deregulated signaling pathways are implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Therefore we have inclined our research towards exploring the anticancerous efficacy of a very potent phytocompound for modulating the incontinent expression of these two crucial E6 and E7 oncogenes. Further, inhibitory efficacy of rutin against human papillomavirus (HPV)-E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical cancer has not been elucidated yet. This research addresses the growth inhibitory efficacy of rutin against E6 and E7 oncoproteins in HeLa cells, which is known to inactivate several tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and pRB. Rutin treatment exhibited reduced cell viability with increased cell accumulation in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle in HeLa cell lines. Additionally, rutin treatment has also led to down-regulation of E6 and E7 expression associated with an increased expression of p53 and pRB levels. This has further resulted in enhanced Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression releasing cytochrome c into cytosol followed by caspase cascade activation with cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Further, in silico studies have also supported our in vitro findings by exhibiting significant binding energy against selected target oncoproteins. Therefore, our research findings might recommend rutin as one of the potent drug candidate in cervical cancer management via targeting two crucial oncoproteins associated with viral progression.
A linearized transmission expansion planning model under N − 1 criterion for enhancing grid‐scale system flexibility via compressed air energy storage integration
Authors: Mazaheri Hesam , Moeini‐Aghtaie Moein , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Dehghanian Payman , Khoshjahan Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe concept of flexibility is defined as the power systems’ ability to effectively respond to changes in power generation and demand profiles to maintain the supply–demand balance. However, the inherent flexibility margins required for successful operation have been recently challenged by the unprecedented arrival of uncertainties, driven by constantly changing demand, failure of conventional units, and the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RES). Tackling these challenges, energy storage systems (ESS) as one important player of the new power grids can enhance the system flexibility. It, therefore, calls for an efficient planning procedure to ensure flexibility margins by considering ESS's role in modern power systems. This paper proposes a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for transmission expansion planning (TEP) framework taking into account the role of compressed air energy storage (CAES) integration on improvements in system flexibility. The proposed framework is housed with a quantitative metric of grid‐scale system flexibility, while a new offline repetitive mechanism is suggested to account for the N − 1 reliability criterion. The model is applied to different test systems, where the numerical results demonstrate the impacts of CAES units on system flexibility, investment plans, and the total costs.
Modelling and optimization of winding resistance for litz wire inductors
Authors: Geng Shuqin , Chu Menghao , Wang Wensi , Wan Peiyuan , Peng Xiaohong , Lu Hang , Li Pengkun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOptimization of winding resistance for litz wire inductors is essential to reduce losses and improve energy transfer efficiency in electrical power systems. In this study, an approximate model for the optimization of winding resistance in litz wire inductors based on Dowell's equation is developed in three frequency ranges. The proximity and skin effects are analysed separately and subsequently combined to obtain an approximation with minimum theoretical error. Two error functions are defined to determine the frequency ranges for which the approximation is valid. Based on this Dowell's model approximation, it is found that, with the other parameters of the inductors fixed, both the porosity factor and conductivity have an optimal value that minimizes AC resistance for the litz wire windings. Thus, expressions for the optimum porosity factor and conductivity are derived, the optimization schemes under different practical engineering conditions are also given. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, which indicates that the proposed model is valid for three frequency ranges, and the proposed optimization method is practical and suitable.
Convenient Synthesis of (R)-3-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]piperidine and (R)-3-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]azepane
Authors: Kadyrov Renat , Tok Oleg L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract(R)-3-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]piperidine and (R)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]azepane were prepared in two steps starting from d-ornithine and d-lysine, respectively. In the key step, N-Boc-protected 3-aminolactams were converted into imido esters by O-alkyl­ation and then hydrogenated to amines, under mild conditions (5 bar H2, room temperature) and without isolation, over a standard hydrogenation catalyst (5% Pt/C).
Facile Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2-Pyrones via TfOH-Mediated Ring Expansion of 2-Acylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates
Authors: Wang Sunewang R. , Shao Jiru , An Caiyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA facile route to polysubstituted 2-pyrones from readily available 2-acylcyclopropane-1-aryl-1-carboxylates mediated by TfOH is reported. The strongly donating 1-aryl group is important for directing the C–C bond cleavage of the donor-acceptor cyclopropane ring, which then leads to the formation of the 2-pyrone ring through lactonization.
Oxygen-Tethered 1,6-Enynes and [4.1.0]-Bicyclic Ether Skeletons as Hedonic Materials for the Fragrance Industry
Authors: Michelet Véronique , Laher Romain , Gentilini Emilie , Marin Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of original structures for the fragrance industry bearing bicyclic scaffolds is described. To the best of our knowledge, these structures are not found in the fragrance industry, neither from natural nor synthetic pathways. NHC–gold-type catalysts showed excellent activities leading to light bicyclic enol ethers. Several bicyclic adducts were prepared in good to excellent yields (18–99%). Evaluation of NHC–Au complexes allowed to reach a TOF of 300 h–1. The evaluation for the organoleptic properties of [4.1.0]-bicyclic ethers were compared with the unprecedented properties of the 1,6-enyne precursors. Evaluations of starting materials showed a great interest in these structures with various olfactory facets. In this study, we depicted the similarity and differences between starting ethers and their cycloisomerized bicyclic counterparts.
The types and functions of humor in the work of a United States Senator
Authors: Garcia Angela Cora 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the role interactional competence plays in the performance of political roles by examining
the use of humor in events such as speeches, election campaign rallies, press briefings and televised news interviews. In this
case study of a prominent United States Senator (the late Senator Edward Kennedy), twenty publically available video recordings
from the C-SPAN online archives are analyzed using a conversation analytic approach. Two main types of humor were found in these
data, self-deprecatory humor and humor that criticizes others. Three main functions of humor were identified (subtle
self-promotion, managing challenging political and interactional situations, and creating solidarity with an audience). The
results of this study contribute to our understanding of how humor can play a role in doing the work of a Senator.
Improved non-linear devices for quantum applications
Authors: Gil-Lopez J , Santandrea M , Roeland G , Brecht B , Eigner C , Ricken R , Quiring V , Silberhorn C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we review the state of the art of mode selective, integrated sum-frequency generation devices tailored for quantum optical technologies. We explore benchmarks to assess their performance and discuss the current limitations of these devices, outlining possible strategies to overcome them. Finally, we present the fabrication of a new, improved device and its characterization. We analyse the fabrication quality of this device and discuss the next steps towards improved non-linear devices for quantum applications.
The Research of Markov Chain Application under Two Common Real World Examples
Authors: Xun Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Markov chain is a random process with Markov characteristics, which exists in the discrete index set and state space in probability theory and mathematical statistics. Based on probability theory, the Markov chain model is a quantitative prediction model for stationary random phenomena using autoregressive process methods. This article first introduces the Markov Chain and its related principles, then in order to study the applicability of Markov Chain, two common life situations are used in practical applications, and the conclusion that Markov Chain can accurately predict the probability is drawn; finally evaluated the Markov chain model and advocated for its wide application.
Bayesian Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Agricultural productivity efficiency in CLMV
Authors: Singvejsakul Jittima , Intapan Chanamart , Chaiboonsri Chukiat , Permsiri Runchida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the agricultural productivity efficiency in four countries consists Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV). The Bayesian Stochastic Frontier analysis is used to estimate in this study, this method has several advantages over the traditional method called Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The Bayesian method provide more information to be estimation under the uncertainty of parameters. The data consider the period 1991-2019 which comprises 4 countries for 29 years, with 116 observations. The results show that most of the average elasticity variables of agricultural input have a positive association with the agricultural output, this implies that the production frontier is well behave and increase in inputs. It can be concluded that the agricultural outputs of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) countries in this sample were sensitive to changes in agricultural land followed by changes in agricultural fertilizer and labor. Therefore, the recommendation policy for these countries is governments should focus on enhance the productivity by increasing the technology or innovation in the CLMV countries.
A Numerical Implementation of the Finite-Difference Algorithm for solving Conserved Cahn–Hilliard Equation
Authors: Boma Wilcox , Wang Qinguy , Abiodun Ayodeji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phase field modelling technique is critical to contextualizing material microstructures and to represent the composition of microstructural evolution. This work utilizes the periodic boundary condition to numerically solve the Cahn-Hilliard equation. To enhance computation and improve flexibility, Python programming language is introduced to develop and implement the proposed approach. The numerical implementation considered a hypothetical binary system of element A and B using the finite difference method on the conserved order parameter. The work also validates the concentration dependent gradient of the system and the energy coefficient which serves as the first step to show spinodal decomposition in a system. The implementation involves solving the Cahn Hillard equation in multi-dimensions capturing minimal time steps evolution, thus serving as an esplanade, an approach into crystallization. The system shows that the element A and B can be used to describe evolution phases alpha (α) and beta (β) through a persisting thermodynamic variable to form a single phase. The time-dependent phase morphology of the studied system, and the concentration and mobility effects are discussed in this paper.
Computational Study of the Influence of the π-bridge Conjugation Order of Quinodimethane-based Derivatives for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Using Density Functional Theory (DFT)
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Gong Yitong , Wang Jue , Gong Yun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Several series of quinodimethane-based derivatives with different conjugated π-bridge groups (phenyl ring, thiophenyl ring and benzothiadiazoyl ring) were investigated by different conjugation orders using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP /6-31g(d) level. Computational results show that, all three π-bridge groups obviously improve the optoelectronic properties of dyes compared with the reference, with more suitable energy levels and wider absorption bands. For the series of dyes with different numbers (n) of phenyl rings, larger order of π-bridge conjugation leads to a larger band gap from 2.501 eV to 2.547 eV, while the other series with thiophenyl rings has a wider absorption band and a red shift of the first absorption peak from 522.86 nm (2.371 eV) to 565.25 nm (2.193 eV) when the conjugation order increases. Benzothiadiazoyl ring was also studied as a part of π-bridge conjugation. The structure of donor - phenyl - benzothiadiazoyl -thiophenyl - anchor shows the lowest LUMO level (-2.929 eV) and a relatively high HOMO level (-5.049) among all the derivatives, but with a wide absorption band since it has two strong absorption peaks (489.24 nm and 400.41 nm with strengths of 0.7883 and 0.6625 respectively). Generally, dyes with thiophenyl rings shows more suitable optoelectronic properties for being candidate sensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells, and a combination of different aromatic rings as π-bridges is also a valuable way for designing new dye molecules in the future’s work.