bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Ozone for the Improvement of Mentha piperita L. Quality by Reduction of Microbial Load and Impact of the Process on the Herb Properties
Authors: Antos Piotr , Piechowiak Tomasz , Tereszkiewicz Krzysztof , Balawejder Maciej 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Herbs can be contaminated with microorganisms, which affects their quality while increasing the risk of food poisoning. Thus, there is a need for efficient decontamination techniques. In this study, the microbial load was reduced in peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 60 minutes. The quality of the ozonated herb was assessed by the determination of microbial load and essential oils content. Total microbial content was reduced by 4 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms whereas the contamination with molds was reduced from 10.07 log cfu g−1 of the microorganisms to zero. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the herb aroma was conducted. These characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatment. Therefore, ozone can be used to improve the peppermint herb quality by reduction of the microbial contamination of peppermint herb while having no adverse effect on the herb aroma.
Exploring in Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Selected Under-Exploited Tropical Fruits
Authors: Jolayemi Olusola Samuel , Olanrewaju Olufunke Janet , Ogunwale Oluwamayowa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Dacryodes edulis (DE), Dalium guineensis (DG), Spondias mombin (SM) and Irvingia gabonensis (IG) as notable underexploited tropical wild fruits in Nigeria, were evaluated for quality characteristics, phenolic contents and in-vitro antioxidant activity. pH of the fruits ranked thus DE > IG > DG > SM and the reverse order was true for acidity. IG exhibited highest obrix, vitamin C and total sugar content. DE had no detectable reducing sugar compared to 18.84% in IG. Total phenol and flavonoid contents followed the same pattern with DG as the highest (1796.89 ± 71.1 and 860.64 ± 3.7 mg/100g) and IG as the lowest (454.23 ± 13.9 and 304.98 ± 7.5 mg/100g), respectively. Regarding antioxidant activities, SM was significant for ABTS•, DE and IG were similar in FRAP assay, while all the fruits were effective DPPH• radical scavengers. Generally, the fruits demonstrate high food application potentials with possible health benefits if consumed adequately.
Mathematical Modelling of the Mechanical Properties of Four Varieties of Brine Pickles Using Neural Networks
Authors: Pentoś Katarzyna , Migut Dagmara , Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The study assesses the impact of selected fruit properties and the souring process parameters on the mechanical properties of four varieties of field cucumbers (Śremianin, Śremski, Polan and Izyd) harvested from 2014 to 2016. The analyses focused on the changes in the values of the puncture strength parameters of the peel and the mesocarp, the deformation from the moment of puncture and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp of the selected cucumber varieties relative to the year of harvest, fruit size, type of brine, puncture location and souring time. Neural networks were used to model the relationships studied. Sensitivity analysis of the obtained models showed that the length fraction had the greatest impact on the puncture strength and the energy needed to puncture the peel and the mesocarp. On the other hand, deformation was most affected by the souring time and the brine composition.
A meta-analysis of genotype × environment interaction on sugar beet performance
Authors: Fasahat Parviz , Aghaeezadeh Mohsen , Kakueinezhad Mozhdeh , Jabbari Leila 
Published: January 2021

Summary
The evaluation of sugar beet genotypes under different climate conditions is a principal goal of breeding programs. In most studies, environment has a high influence on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet. Therefore, data collected from different environments may contribute to more accurate genotype selection. In this study, the effect of different environments on sugar beet genotypes’ performance was evaluated using a meta-analysis method based on Hedges’ technique. Data were collected from 149 trials conducted in twelve regions in Iran over 15 years (2003–18). For all trials, the value of the traits was weighted, and subsequently the effect size, reaction ratio and confidence interval were estimated. Among the studied environments, Khoy had a positive effect on root yield, sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield. As could be expected, the effect of environment on final yield formation was high, so that the Shiraz environment had a negative effect on root yield and sugar yield. Overall, the ranking of environments based on the meta-analysis results was quite different from that obtained by comparison of mean results.
Public Funding in a Time of Crisis: Film Funds and the Pandemic
Authors: Noonan Caitriona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This essay will examine the role of publicly-funded film funds in small nations during the pandemic. Organisation like Det Danske Filminstitut, Hrvatski Audiovizualni Centar, Screen Scotland and Screen Ireland exist to support filmmakers in the realisation of their creative vision, to aid the circulation of national cultural resources and to provide audiences with the opportunity to access a diverse array of films. In small nations they are often the primary source of funding to the sector and so play a key role in building the capacity and international visibility of the nation and its film output.
This contribution to the special issue will identify trends in the funding and support provided by these organisations during the crisis; for instance, in adjusting their funding strategies, but also in their advocacy efforts with those beyond the film sector to secure financial support measures for the sector. It identifies future roles for film funds including redistributing limited public funds, supporting creative labour markets that are sustainable and equitable, and communicating the message to international productions, potential co-producers and investors that the country and its sector is open for business. I conclude by also reflecting on the long-term threats that these bodies may themselves face in the coming years as a result of economic and political transformations that are occurring today.
Factors Determining the Survival of New Companies
Authors: Cegiełka Marlena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the determinants of the survival of new companies, with particular emphasis on their sources of financing. We have analysed the impact of experience in the same focal industry, of having a competitive advantage and intellectual property rights (patents and trademarks) and of debt financing on the probability of a start-up's survival, using a logit model based on the Kauffman Firm Survey (KFS) database data covering 4,928 American companies which operated from 2004 to 2011. Additionally, we can demonstrate that start-ups that use debt financing have a better chance of staying in business. Factors such as intellectual capital and competitive advantage are also positively correlated with the prospects for start-up survival.
Are Mountain Areas Attractive for Investments? The Case of the Alpine Provinces in Italy
Authors: Musolino Dario , Silvetti Alessia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the increasing territorial competition to attract productive investments in the age of globalization, mountain areas have a role to play, if they wish to find new (exogenous) resources to diversify their economy and to develop sustainably in the future. This means that they have either to be, or to become attractive. Attractiveness for investments is an issue rarely studied with respect to mountain areas. This paper casts light on the attractiveness of the Italian Alpine provinces, using quantitative and qualitative data coming from a research on the stated locational preferences of entrepreneurs in Italy. According to the findings, it is not said that mountain areas are unattractive, due to their characteristics in terms of physical geography and accessibility. Instead, a different perspective on geography itself (Alpine areas bordering with foreign countries), and the role of the government, can make even marginal areas like mountain areas rather attractive for investments. Therefore, policy-makers should identify and strengthen all possible locational advantages that can strengthen the attractiveness of these areas.
The Risk of Losing Deserted Medieval Rural Settlements: Opportunities for Agroturism and Rural Development
Authors: May Daniel E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A significant number of deserted medieval rural settlements have been identified in Europe. These sites are at risk of disappearance as a consequence of current urban development and cropping intensification implying that relevant features of the cultural landscape informing about past rural traditions in the European countryside may be lost. The objective of this article is to illustrate this fact by means of a case study consisting of a deserted medieval rural upland settlement in Wales. A field walk carried out in this site revealed that old rural traditions and past ways of living can be identified from its own bodily engagement with the surrounding landscape. This evidence is used to argue that strategies that involve personal experience of deserted medieval rural settlements such as agroturism may be implemented to protect these sites and the cultural information contained in them.
General and Specific: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Project Processes and Management Methods
Authors: Kozarkiewicz Alina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main aim of the paper is to investigate and discuss the influence of digital transformation (DT) on the processes, tools, and outcomes of project management. It seems to be accepted that not only has the digital economy a great impact on the technologies used, but it affects the transition of strategies, business models, structures, or competences. The objective of the research demonstrated in this paper was to identify the main dimensions and scope of the impact of DT on the area of project management. The conclusions as to the multidimensionality of this impact were drawn on the basis of empirical investigations conducted on a sample of around a hundred of project managers and on the analyses of their perception of the most important aspects of DT. The crucial themes, as well as the advantages and barriers of DT, were discussed briefly.
Qualitative reappraisal of perspectives, prevalence, and management of family violence among the Yoruba people: a study of representatives of some Yoruba ethnic subgroups from Ile Ife
Authors: Irinoye Omolola , Ogunlade Oluwasayo Bolarinwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
The analysis of changing definitions and perspectives of violating behaviors within cultural contexts will inform the responses and interventions that will mostly reduce the occurrences of family violence.

Methods
This study used focus group discussions of purposively selected participants to generate data that were analyzed using content with themes of definition, perspectives, prevalent forms, persons mostly affected, perpetrators, and management strategies among the Yoruba people.

Results
There were multiple words and descriptions in the local Yoruba language for abuse and violence, but no single word for either of the two concepts. Common forms of family violence identified were verbal assaults from parents to children, among couples, siblings, physical assault of children by parents, physical assault of parents by children, neglect of children, parents, spouses mostly wives, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Neglect of wives and children was perceived to be increasing, occurring in one in four houses. Sexual harassment and sexual violence were perceived to be rare, but the latter not an issue in marriage. A variant of sexual “touching” said to be tolerated with unmarried young people was identified as common among this ethnic group. Age and gender were dominant factors in the use of common forms of violence. Informal approaches were methods of management of family violence but perceived inadequate.

Conclusions
This study concluded that family violence is a common phenomenon occurring among family members. Hence, formal acceptable interventions that will be appropriate for this ethnic subgroup are required.
Part of Speech Tagging Using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Bărbulescu Adrian , Morariu Daniel I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a wide range of models based on less adaptive and adaptive approaches for a PoS tagging system. These parameters for the adaptive approach are based on the n-gram of the Hidden Markov Model, evaluated for bigram and trigram, and based on three different types of decoding method, in this case forward, backward, and bidirectional. We used the Brown Corpus for the training and the testing phase. The bidirectional trigram model almost reaches state of the art accuracy but is disadvantaged by the decoding speed time while the backward trigram reaches almost the same results with a way better decoding speed time. By these results, we can conclude that the decoding procedure it’s way better when it evaluates the sentence from the last word to the first word and although the backward trigram model is very good, we still recommend the bidirectional trigram model when we want good precision on real data.
Searching, Learning, Gaming - Engaging students with Europeana’s digital archives
Authors: Roiu Cristina Ioana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mass digitisation of the collections held by cultural institutions -galleries, libraries, museums, archives, have made available a huge amount of historical, cultural, informational resources in digital format, which are more and more used in educational activities. This paper describes some innovative non- formal educational activities developed around the Europeana1914-1918 archive between 2014-2018, where searching in big digital archives, gaming and improving the digital skills were key aspects.
On topological soft sets
Authors: Kandemir M. Burç , Tanay B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have established topological soft sets over generalized topological spaces and topological spaces, and studied its structural properties. We have derived a topological soft set in any given topological space, and from this point of view, we have given necessary and sufficient condition for homeomorphic Alexandroff spaces using topological soft set technique. At last, we have derived a topological soft set using closed sets in any topological space and we have given necessary and sufficient condition for arbitrary homeomorphic topological spaces using them.
A stochastic approach to number of corona virus cases
Authors: Ünözkan H. , Yilmaz M. , Dere A.M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a stochastic approach to case numbers of a pandemic disease. By defining the stochastic process random walk process is used. Some stochastic aspects for this disease are argued before stochastic study is started. During random walk process modeling new patients, recovering patients and dead conclusions are modelled and probabilities changes in some stages. Let the structure of this study includes vanishing process as a walk step, some wave happenings like big differences about spread speed as a big step in treatment- an effective vaccine or an influential chemical usage- a second corona virus pumping with virus mutation, a second global happening which bumping virus spread are defined as stages. This study only simulates a stochastic process of corona virus effects.
Double articulation in linguistics, semiotics, theory of arts and philosophy
Authors: Marcelli Miroslav 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with applications of the concept of double articulation in studies of linguistic and non‐linguistic phenomena. It traces extensions, shifts and corrections effected by the transition from linguistics to semiotics. Particular attention is payed to possibilities and problems that have arisen in theoretical reflections of paintings and music. An example of such analyses is Lévi‐Strauss’ study of artworks.
The levels of language problem management
Authors: Lanstyák István 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the question of levels of language problem management on the basis of the Language Management Theory as well as other approaches to language problem management. The aim is to contribute to bringing the theoretical basis of language problem management closer to the problem management theories in general. Within language problem management three levels of management are distinguished: 1. interactional level of small‐scale management of inadequacies; 2. supra‐interactional level of small‐scale management of metaproblems and 3. supra‐interactional level of large‐scale management of metaproblems. Inadequacies are individual instances of problems rising in concrete interactions and metaproblems are types of problems which can be identified suprainteractionally, by abstracting the idiosyncratic features of inadequacies. With the help of these concepts the difference between the Language Management Theory and other theories of problem management can be made more visible: Language Management Theory builds on the small‐scale management of inadequacies on interactional level, while other theories are based on the large‐scale management of metaproblems on suprainteractional level.
The study of electrohydrodynamic printing by numerical simulation
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Rui , Li Lu , Yin Zhifu , Chen Kai , Wang Dong Fang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
EHD (Electrohydrodynamic) printing is a promising technique for alternative fabrication of highresolution micro- and nanostructures without employment of any molds or photo-masks However, the printing precision can be easily influenced by the printing conditions, such as applied voltage, printing distance (the distance between the nozzle tip and the substrate), and flow rate. Unfortunately, up to now there was no work which analyzed those influencing factors in-depth and systematically by theory and numerical simulation. In this paper, the theory of EHD printing was presented and the effect of applied voltage, printing distance, and flow rate on the width of printed line was analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulation results showed that the width of printed lines is proportional to printing distance, nozzle size, and flow rate. However, it is inversely proportional to the applied voltage.
Urban Features Identification from Dual-Pol SAR Images with Filter Properties
Authors: Kumar Aman , Kumar Deepak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There is no formal definition of feature identification but it depends on the application and context of the problem. This feature acts as primary elements for execution of several algorithms, hence feature identification is one of the significant steps for has been very interesting for several research groups. Various researchers have attempted in this regard for feature identification. The current work presents an approach for urban feature identification from satellite datasets for a detailed analysis of the features for better management of the resources. Several features based feature extraction approach has been attempted to identify the compare with statistical profiling. Microwave remote sensing is one of the significant methods of remote sensing to get the data where our optical sensors usually failed or less capable to provide accurate and timely sensed data. In today’s world, active remote sensing is one of the greatest technologies which is used widely in many application areas. Synthetic aperture radar is the main object to get the actively remote sensed images. Either it’s optical or microwave data, the satellite images has its many errors, in SAR, while receiving the reflected echoes from the target the trouble has occurred in the form of Speckle Noise in an image. In this paper, the focus is on about the Speckle Noise, SLC & GRD data, the filtered images performance with Boxcar and Median filter, degraded and preserving information of an image, reduce speckle noise effect of an image.
Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Loss Due to Urban Sprawl on Agricultural Land in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Vrublova Katerina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the ecosystem services which are provided by agriculture land and on the urban sprawl in the study area of municipality with extended powers Třebíč. The main focus of this article is to evaluate what ecosystem services are provided to Czech society by the agricultural land and assess their financial value and also evaluate which ecosystem services disappear or are limited due to urban sprawl on agricultural land. Generally, the topic of ecosystem services in agriculture comes under focus especially in view of the recurring drought in Europe and on-going climate change. Also the subject of urbanization and decreasing area available for agriculture is a wide-spread phenomena in Europe. The practical output of this paper will comprise of better insight on function and value of land under agriculture use which is lost due to urban development and raising the awareness amongst the society on the fast-growing trend of unsustainable urban sprawl.
What Triggers Poverty of Young Nationals and Young Migrants? A Comparative Macroeconomic Approach
Authors: Cimpoeru Smaranda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Identifying the macro-economic determinants of poverty is a key concern for developing poverty reduction policies. Since young people and young migrants in particular are more exposed to poverty, establishing the factors that trigger poverty among these social categories has even more relevance. A preliminary analysis shows that significant differences exist between at-risk-of poverty or social exclusion rate of young migrants and young nationals across European countries. For a more thorough study of the reasons behind these differences in poverty rates between young migrants and young nationals, two panel data regression models are estimated on a cross-section of 23 countries over the period 2010 – 2018 (one model for young migrants, the other for young nationals). Results confirm the main theories in the specialty literature: unemployment and inequality (measured by the Gini index) are the main triggers of poverty or social exclusion both for young nationals and young migrants. However, the income is significant for reducing poverty only for young nationals, but not for the young migrants. This result reinforces the necessity of better integration policies for young migrants in richer Member States.
Analysis of Pork Adulteration In Recycled Frying Oils Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ghazali Haizatul Hadirah , Tukiran Nur Azira 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Unscrupulous food business operators may use recycled frying oil to save costs. Of particular concern is the recycled frying oil is usually taken from nonhalal food premises which should not be used by halal food premises, and indeed may posing health treats to consumers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to analyse pork adulteration in recycled frying oils by using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples of frying oils from homemade fried pork, fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana were analyzed. Spiked samples were prepared by adding frying oil from homemade fried pork ranging from 10% to 50% (v/v) to frying oils from homemade fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana. The results found that Raman spectroscopy and PCA are able to differentiate adulterated frying oil and unadulterated frying oils. However, it could not distinguish the percentage of pork adulteration in the spiked samples. This method would beneficial to ensure food integrity in the frying oils.