bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Thrombocytopenia With Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Phase 2/3 Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Yuan , Sun Wenxia , Li Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to fully investigate the thrombocytopenia of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors (PDGFR‐TKIs) in cancer patients. Databases were searched for randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) treated with PDGFR‐TKIs until January 2021. The relevant RCTs in cancer patients treated with PDGFR‐TKIs were retrieved, and the systematic evaluation was conducted. Nineteen RCTs and 3962 patients were included. Our study suggests that PDGFR‐TKIs significantly increased the risks of all‐grade (risk ratio [RR], 5.72; 95%CI, 4.32‐7.59; P < .00001; I2 = 32%) and high‐grade (RR, 5.65; 95%CI, 3.28‐9.75; P < .00001; I2 = 0%) thrombocytopenia in cancer patients. Sunitinib is associated with the highest risk of thrombocytopenia among the included PDGFR‐TKIs. The RR of high‐grade thrombocytopenia varies significantly according to treatment line and median age. The available data suggested that the use of PDGFR‐TKIs was associated with a significantly increased risk of thrombocytopenia.
Acute transient swelling of the thyroid following fine‐needle aspiration: A case series
Authors: Zheng Bo‐wen , Wu Tao , Xu Shi‐cheng , Yin Ting‐hui , Tan Lei , Lian Yu‐fan , Ren Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute transient swelling (ATS) of the thyroid is a rare complication following fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. We present 31 cases with 35 nodules encountered at our institute and reported in the literature, to provide further information. The incidence rate in our institute was 0.46%. Of these nodules, 74.3% (26/35) were solid, 65.7% (23/35) exhibited hypervascularity, and 77.2% (27/35) were benign or follicular neoplasms. Although most cases (87.1%, 27/31) occurred within 2 h after FNA, four patients experienced delayed ATS after 7 h to 2 days. Therefore, awareness of this complication, especially its delayed occurrence, should be raised.
DWI and IVIM Imaging in a Murine Model of Rhabdomyosarcoma: Correlations with Quantitative Histopathologic Features
Authors: Fang Shaobo , Yang Yanyu , Chen Bo , Yin Zhenzhen , Liu Yajie , Tao Juan , Zhang Yu , Yuan Yuan , Wang Qi , Wang Shaowu 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundHigh cellularity and abnormal interstitial structures are some of the unfavorable factors that affect the treatment outcomes and survival of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients.PurposeTo explore the correlation between diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) with quantitative histopathologic features in a murine model of RMS.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelMurine model of RMS (31 female BALB/c nude mice).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; fast spin‐echo (FSE) T1‐weighted imaging, fast relaxation fast spin‐echo (FRFSE) T2‐weighted imaging, DWI PROPELLER FSE imaging sequence, and IVIM echo planar imaging sequence; 10 different b‐values (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 s/mm2).AssessmentMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed after 30–45 days of implantation. The following MRI parameters were calculated: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). Histopathologic features, which contained nuclear, cytoplasmic, and stromal fractions, and the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio within the tumor were measured using image‐based segmentation.Statistical TestsPearson's correlation, multiple linear regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe ADC value showed moderate negative correlation with nuclear fraction (r = −0.540), and moderate positive correlation with stroma fraction (r = 0.474). The D value showed moderate negative correlation with nuclear fraction (r = −0.491), and moderate positive correlation with stroma fraction (r = 0.421). The f value showed a moderate negative correlation with stroma fraction (r = −0.423). The D value showed the best diagnostic ability. The optimal cut‐off D value of 0.460 was associated with 77.8% sensitivity and 68.2% specificity (area under the curve, 0.747).Data ConclusionThe ADC, D, and f values obtained from DWI and IVIM images showed moderate correlation with the quantitative histopathologic features in a murine model of RMS.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage3
Novel concepts in atrial fibrillation ablation—breaking the trade‐off between efficacy and safety
Authors: Althoff Till F. , Mont Lluís 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite substantial technological and procedural advances that have improved the efficacy and safety of AF ablation in recent years, the long‐term durability of ablation lesions is still not satisfactory. There also remains concern regarding rare but potentially life‐threatening procedure‐related complications like cardiac tamponade and atrioesophageal fistulae. Current ablation strategies are aiming to optimize the trade‐off between efficacy and safety, where more extensive ablation appears to inevitably increase the risk of collateral injury. However, new forms of energy application may have the potential to resolve this quandary. The emerging concept of high power‐short duration radiofrequency ablation features a more favorable lesion geometry that appears ideally suited to create contiguous lesions in the thin‐walled atrium. Moreover, novel non‐thermal ablation methods based on electroporation appear to provide a unique selectivity for cardiomyocytes and to spare surrounding tissues composed of other cell types. Both, high power‐short duration and electroporation ablation might have the potential to break the trade‐off between effective lesions and collateral damage and to substantially improve risk‐benefit ratios in AF ablation. In addition, both approaches lead to considerable reductions in ablation times. However, their putative benefits regarding efficacy, efficiency, and safety remain to be proven in randomized controlled trials.
Pathogenic gene variation spectrum and carrier screening for Wilson’s disease in Qingdao area
Authors: Qiao Lingyan , Ge Juan , Li Cheng , Liu Yusheng , Hu Conghui , Hu Sicui , Li Wenjie , Li Tang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the increasing number of reports on the analysis of ATP7B variants, reports on carrier screening for Wilson's disease (WD, OMIM:277900) are rare.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 42 patients from Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital diagnosed with WD for direct sequencing of ATP7B gene. Twelve hotspot variants of ATP7B were selected for carrier screening in Qingdao area based on an analysis of information related to ATP7B variants and literature reports in China. We screened 5012 dried blood spots (DBSs) from asymptomatic newborns in Qingdao area to estimate carrier frequency. DNA was extracted from dried blood spots. Gene sequencing was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with second‐generation sequencing. The carrier frequency of each hotspot variant was calculated using the count data (expressed as number of carriers (%) obtained by direct counting.ResultsThe carrier frequency of 12 hotspot variants was 1.46% (95% CI: 1.16–1.83%). The ATP7B variant with the highest carrier frequency was c.2333G>T, accounting for 54.79% of all variants screened, followed by c.2975C>T and c.2621C>T, accounting for 17.81% and 15.07% of all variants screened, respectively.ConclusionCarrier frequency of ATP7B gene pathogenic variants is high in the population in Qingdao area.
Safety and imaging performance of two‐channel RF shimming for fetal MRI at 3T
Authors: Yetisir Filiz , Abaci Turk Esra , Guerin Bastien , Gagoski Borjan A. , Grant P. Ellen , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study investigates whether two‐channel radiofrequency (RF) shimming can improve imaging without increasing specific absorption rate (SAR) for fetal MRI at 3T.MethodsTransmit field () average and variation in the fetus was simulated in seven numerical pregnant body models. Safety was quantified by maternal and fetal peak local SAR and fetal average SAR. The shim parameter space was divided into improved (magnitude and homogeneity) and improved SAR regions, and an overlap where RF shimming improved both classes of metrics compared with birdcage mode was assessed. Additionally, the effect of fetal position, tissue detail, and dielectric properties on transmit field and SAR was studied.ResultsA region of subject‐specific RF shim parameter space improving both and SAR metrics was found for five of the seven models. Optimizing only metrics improved efficiency across models by 15% on average and 28% for the best‐case model. variation improved by 26% on average and 49% for the best case. However, for these shim settings, fetal SAR increased by up to 106%. The overlap region, where both and SAR metrics improve, showed an average efficiency improvement of 6% on average across models and 19% for the best‐case model. variation improved by 13% on average and 40% for the best case. RFS could also decrease maternal/fetal SAR by up to 49%/58%.ConclusionRF shimming can improve imaging compared with birdcage mode without increasing fetal and maternal SAR when a patient‐specific SAR model is incorporated into the shimming procedure.
Longitudinal patterns in fear of cancer progression in patients with rare, advanced cancers undergoing comprehensive tumour genomic profiling
Authors: Butow Phyllis , Müller Fabiola , Napier Christine E. , Bartley Nicci , Ballinger Mandy L. , Biesecker Barbara , Juraskova Ilona , Meiser Bettina , Schlub Timothy E. , Thomas David M. , Goldstein David , Best Megan C. ,   Members of the PiGeOn Project
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionFear of cancer progression (FCP) impacts quality of life and is a prevalent unmet need in patients diagnosed with advanced cancer, particularly as treatment options are reduced. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns in FCP over 6 months in patients with advanced cancer receiving comprehensive tumour genomic profiling (CTGP) results, and their correlates.MethodsPatients with pathologically confirmed metastatic disease (∼70% rare cancers) receiving or post their last line of standard therapy completed questionnaires at T0 (prior to CTGP), T1 (immediately post CTGP results) and T2 (2 months later).ResultsHigh stable (N = 52; 7.3%) and low/moderate stable (N = 56; 7.8%) FCP patterns over time typified the largest participant groups (N = 721). Those with an immediately actionable variant versus a non‐actionable variant (p = 0.045), with higher FCP (p < 0.001), and lower Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well‐being (FACIT‐Sp) scores (p = 0.006) at T0, had higher FCP at T1. Those with higher FCP at T0 (p < 0.001) and at T1 (p < 0.001), lower FACIT‐Sp scores at T1 (p = 0.001), lower education (p = 0.031) and female gender (p = 0.027) had higher FCP at T2.DiscussionRoutine screening for psychological/spiritual characteristics in those about to undergo CTGP may help to identify patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and provision of psychosocial support. Future studies should explore interventions to best address FCP in this vulnerable group, as interventions assessed to date have almost all addressed patients with curative cancers or newly diagnosed advanced disease.
Synthesis of a series of validoxylamine A esters and their biological activities
Authors: Lu Yuele , Ye Kang , Zhu Linjing , Cai Xiaoqing , Yang Shanshan , Li Jianfeng , Jiang Ruini , Fan Yongxian , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe worldwide reduction in food production due to pests and diseases is still an important challenge facing today. Validoxylamine A (VAA) is a natural polyhydroxyl compound derived from validamycin, acting as an efficient trehalase inhibitor with insecticidal and antifungal activities. To extend the application and discover green pesticide, a series of ester derivatives were prepared based on VAA as a lead compound. Their biological activities were investigated against three typically agricultural disease, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Aphis craccivora.RESULTSThis study involved 30 novel validoxylamine A fatty acid esters (VAFAEs) synthesized by Novozym 435 and they were characterized with high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR). Of these 30 derivatives, most compounds showed improved antifungal activity, and 12 novel compounds showed improved insecticidal activity. When reacted with pentadecanoic acid, compound 14 showed the highest inhibitory activity against R. solani [median effective concentration (EC50) 0.01 μmol L−1], while the EC50 value of VAA was 34.99 μmol L−1. Furthermore, 21 novel VAFAEs showed higher inhibitory activity against S. sclerotiorum. Validoxylamine A oleic acid ester, compound 21, exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against A. craccivora [median lethal concentration (LC50) 39.63 μmol L−1], while the LC50 value of Pymetrozine was 50.45 μmol L−1, a commercialized pesticide against A. craccivora.CONCLUSIONCombining our results, esterification of VAA by introducing different acyl donors was beneficial for the development of new eco‐friendly drugs in the field of pesticides.
Seeking (desperately) for gentrification? Population change, immigration and economic recovery in a Mediterranean city
Authors: Salvati Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban dynamics in European Mediterranean countries reflect a mosaic of responses to different economic impulses. Suspended between suburbanisation and reurbanisation, socio‐economic development in Southern Europe outlines a possible ‘Mediterranean’ path to gentrification that deserves further investigation. By considering together population, housing, business dynamics and specific aspects of life quality, we developed a quali‐quantitative analysis of urban dynamics and gentrification processes in postcrisis Athens, Greece. The political side of gentrification, informal planning and the difficulty to stabilise a nexus with inner city rehabilitation accounts for the heterogeneous outcomes of urban transformations in Southern Europe. In such contexts, inner city gentrification was interpreted as an informal process consolidating a social mix similar to the most advanced cities in Western Europe. Our study delineates a Mediterranean perspective to inner city gentrification, reconnecting these processes with more general socio‐economic conditions, and demonstrates the intrinsic advantage of quali‐quantitative assessments of gentrification patterns and processes in urban Europe. A refined knowledge of these processes—also in light of more recent urban crises (e.g., driven by the pandemic challenge)—finally provides an interpretative key for a better management of inner city gentrification, not only in advanced economies but also in emerging (or peripheral) contexts.
Synthesis and characterization of a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Differentiation of positional isomers
Authors: Singh Dilip Kumar , Chauthe Siddheshwar Kisan , Anjanappa Prakash , Kumar Sumit , Arulraj Ruba A. , Gajjela Raju , Mohammed Noor , Kanthappa Venkatesh T. , Karmakar Ananta , Gupta Arun Kumar , Bajpai Lakshmikant , Bagadi Muralidhararao , Mathur Arvind 
Published: July 2021

RationaleCharacterization of N,N′‐substituted ureas was found to be challenging by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, particularly N‐di‐ and tri‐alkylated ureas because of the absence of adjacent protons. In the present study, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been used to differentiate positional isomeric pairs and to characterize a series of N,N′‐substituted ureas, as these compounds have significant importance for drug discovery. Additionally, urea is an essential functionality in several bioactive compounds as well as a variety of clinically approved therapies.MethodsHigh‐resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐HR‐MS/MS) has been used to characterize a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives and differentiate two pairs of positional isomers. The data was acquired by Xcaliber application in positive ionization mode.ResultsESI‐HR‐MS/MS spectra of [M + H]+ ions of the positional isomeric urea derivatives 8a and 8b show distinct fragmentation patterns. For example, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8a displays the abundant fragment ion at m/z 285.1595, which was totally absent in isomer 8b. This would be plausibly formed by the cleavage of the C–N bond of the urea group with the elimination of the isocyanate moiety. In contrast, the MS/MS spectrum of the [M + H]+ ion of isomer 8b shows an intense ion at m/z 311.1389 which is completely absent in isomer 8a which would be formed by the cleavage of the C–N bond attached to the ring nitrogen. Similarly, another pair of positional isomers, 8c and 8d, have been clearly distinguished by their fragmentation behaviour. In addition, a series of N,N′‐substituted urea derivatives were studied to investigate the impact of different substitution on the fragmentation behaviour.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that ESI‐HR‐MS/MS can be used to differentiate pairs of N,N′‐substituted urea positional isomers and characterize a series of derivatives. It was observed that a characteristic fragment ion was formed by the C–N bond cleavage with the elimination of an isocyanate moiety. The proposed mechanism of fragmentation was supported by the change in the fragmentation pathway upon alkylation of the NH. In order to generalize this fragmentation pattern, a series of N‐alkylated ureas was synthesized and studied by MS/MS.
A self‐adaptive SAC‐PID control approach based on reinforcement learning for mobile robots
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Fan Yuehai , Xu Siyu , Ou Linlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProportional–integral–derivative (PID) control is the most widely used in industrial control, robot control, and other fields. However, traditional PID control is not competent when the system cannot be accurately modeled and the operating environment is variable in real time. To tackle these problems, we propose a self‐adaptive model‐free SAC‐PID control approach based on reinforcement learning for automatic control of mobile robots. A new hierarchical structure is developed, which includes the upper controller based on soft actor‐critic (SAC), one of the most competitive continuous control algorithms, and the lower controller based on incremental PID controller. SAC receives the dynamic information of the mobile robot as input and simultaneously outputs the optimal parameters of incremental PID controllers to compensate for the error between the path and the mobile robot in real time. In addition, the combination of 24‐neighborhood method and polynomial fitting is developed to improve the adaptability of SAC‐PID control method to complex environment. The effectiveness of the SAC‐PID control method is verified with several different difficulty paths both on Gazebo and real mecanum mobile robot. Furthermore, compared with fuzzy PID control, the SAC‐PID method has merits of strong robustness, generalization, and real‐time performance.
Mitigating a crisis of confidence: The effect of crisis response strategies on reward‐based crowdfunding success
Authors: Cornelis Erlinde F. I. , Baker Andrew M. , Ahsan Mujtaba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis research develops and tests an empirical model for crisis management in reward‐based crowdfunding. Drawing from the SCCT literature, we identify which crisis response strategy best mitigates a crisis of confidence that arises when backers publicly criticize a reward‐based crowdfunding campaign during the live funding period. The results of our experimental study show that by using a rebuild response strategy (i.e., offering compensation, apologizing, and taking responsibility), founders can mitigate the impact of the crisis of confidence on potential backers' funding intentions. Our study also unravels the underlying mechanisms driving this effect: affective and cognitive perceptions of the product and the founder fully mediate the effect of founders' response strategies on potential backers' funding intentions.Managerial SummaryThis study investigates crisis management strategies in reward‐based crowdfunding. Specifically, we compare the effectiveness of three different response strategies (rebuild, diminish, deny) that founders can adopt when reacting to a publicly visible, negative comment on their crowdfunding page. We test the effects of these strategies in an experiment among 514 participants. Our results show that using a rebuild strategy works better than a diminish or a deny strategy to increase potential backers' funding intentions, because a rebuild strategy enhances perceived likability and trust, while lowering perceived risk. Since communication strategy is key for the reward‐based crowdfunding campaign's ultimate success, we recommend that crowdfunding campaign founders adopt a strategic plan for their public interaction with backers and use an appropriate response strategy.
Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Rayon‐Graphene Oxide Nano Composite for Decontamination of Water
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Bharti  , Rai Pramod Kumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe availability of clean water in the today's world is one of the main concerns of scientific communities because of addition of untreated waste water to natural resources. Here, we have designed a Rayon Graphene Oxide Composite (RGOC) using cotton and graphene oxide for water decontamination. The synthesized composites were characterized by various techniques and evaluated for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from water using batch absorption kinetics. The re‐usability of adsorbent shows high removal efficiency upto five cycles and shift in λmaxfrom 664 to 638 nm of MB, indicates its degradation on surface of RGOC for which a plausible mechanism was proposed. Rayon provides active surface for stability of GO which allows smooth removal of dye without leaching into water. Further, cotton being biodegradable and easily available material with hydroxyl functionality, therefore it effectively provides an answer to rising need of environment friendly material for water treatment.