bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction level of patients visiting orthopedics wards - A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Israr Humayun , Haroon Israr  , Sabah Humayun  
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Patients in the orthopedics ward are very anxious about the outcome of their illness and residual morbidity at the end of the treatment. We conducted this study in DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal to assess the level of satisfaction among patients visiting the orthopedics ward and suggest improvements that could be made to improve the situation.Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate various factors responsible for patient satisfaction in the orthopedics ward.Materials and Methods: A total of hundred patients were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal for 3 months from October 2019 to December 2019.Results: Out of the 100 patients included in the study, 22 patients reported being unsatisfied with their ward experience, 46 patients were moderately satisfied while 32 patients were highly satisfied with ward experience. Several factors including increased consultation duration, cost-effective treatment, empathic behavior of staff, and provision of facilities in the ward all contributed towards positive patient satisfaction.Conclusions: Patient satisfaction can be improved by empathic behavior of staff, increasing consultation duration with the patient, and improving facilities in the ward which would result in the better long-term outcome of their illness.
Relation between Quiescence and Outbursting Properties of GX 339-4
Authors: Bhowmick Riya , Debnath Dipak , Chatterjee Kaushik , Nagarkoti Shreeram , Chakrabarti Sandip Kumar , Sarkar Ritabrata , Chatterjee Debjit , Jana Arghajit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Galactic black hole candidate GX 339-4 underwent several outbursting phases in the past two and a half decades at irregular intervals of 2–3 years. The nature of these outbursts in terms of the duration, number of peaks, maximum peak intensity, and so on varies. We present a possible physical reason behind the variation of the outbursts. From a physical point of view, if the supply of matter from the companion is roughly constant, the total energy released in an outburst is expected to be proportional to the quiescent period prior to the outburst when the matter is accumulated. We use archival data of RXTE/ASM from 1996 January to 2011 June and of MAXI/GSC from 2009 August to 2020 July. Five initial outbursts of GX 339-4 between 1997 and 2011 were observed by ASM and showed a good linear relation between the accumulation period and the amount of energy released in each outburst, but the outbursts after 2013 behaved quite differently. The 2013, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019 outbursts were of short duration and incomplete or “failed” in nature. We suggest that the matter accumulated during the quiescent periods prior to these outbursts was not cleared through accretion due to a lack of viscosity. The leftover matter was cleared in the very next outbursts. Our study thus sheds light on long-term accretion dynamics in outbursting sources.
On the Stickiness of CO2 and H2O Ice Particles
Authors: Arakawa Sota , Krijt Sebastiaan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Laboratory experiments revealed that CO2 ice particles stick less efficiently than H2O ice particles, and there is an order of magnitude difference in the threshold velocity for sticking. However, the surface energies and elastic moduli of CO2 and H2O ices are comparable, and the reason why CO2 ice particles were poorly sticky compared to H2O ice particles was unclear. Here we investigate the effects of viscoelastic dissipation on the threshold velocity for sticking of ice particles using the viscoelastic contact model derived by Krijt et al. We find that the threshold velocity for the sticking of CO2 ice particles reported in experimental studies is comparable to that predicted for perfectly elastic spheres. In contrast, the threshold velocity for the sticking of H2O ice particles is an order of magnitude higher than that predicted for perfectly elastic spheres. Therefore, we conclude that the large difference in stickiness between CO2 and H2O ice particles would mainly originate from the difference in the strength of viscoelastic dissipation, which is controlled by the viscoelastic relaxation time.
STING Agonist Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Stimulating Type I IFN–Dependent and –Independent Immune-Regulatory Pathways
Authors: Johnson Brandon M. , Uchimura Toru , Gallovic Matthew D. , Thamilarasan Madhan , Chou Wei-Chun , Gibson Sara A. , Deng Meng , Tam Jason W. , Batty Cole J. , Williams Jonathan , Matsushima Glenn K. , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. , Markovic-Plese Silva , Ting Jenny P.-Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The cGAS–cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP)–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway induces a powerful type I IFN (IFN-I) response and is a prime candidate for augmenting immunity in cancer immunotherapy and vaccines. IFN-I also has immune-regulatory functions manifested in several autoimmune diseases and is a first-line therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. However, it is only moderately effective and can induce adverse effects and neutralizing Abs in recipients. Targeting cGAMP in autoimmunity is unexplored and represents a challenge because of the intracellular location of its receptor, STING. We used microparticle (MP)–encapsulated cGAMP to increase cellular delivery, achieve dose sparing, and reduce potential toxicity. In the C57BL/6 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, cGAMP encapsulated in MPs (cGAMP MPs) administered therapeutically protected mice from EAE in a STING-dependent fashion, whereas soluble cGAMP was ineffective. Protection was also observed in a relapsing–remitting model. Importantly, cGAMP MPs protected against EAE at the peak of disease and were more effective than rIFN-β. Mechanistically, cGAMP MPs showed both IFN-I–dependent and –independent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, it induced the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-27 without requiring IFN-I. This augmented IL-10 expression through activated ERK and CREB. IL-27 and subsequent IL-10 were the most important cytokines to mitigate autoreactivity. Critically, cGAMP MPs promoted IFN-I as well as the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10 in PBMCs from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unappreciated immune-regulatory effect of cGAMP that can be harnessed to restrain T cell autoreactivity.
Clinical effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on patients with ulcerative colitis may improve via the regulation of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the changes of the proportion of intestinal microflora
Authors: Wang Zhengjun , Chen Jinhua , Chen Zhiping , Xie Longke , Wang Wen 
Published: April 2021

Background:
We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of additional ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with mesalazine, compared to mesalazine alone in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the changes of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the intestinal microflora.

Methods:
In this prospective, single center study, patients with UC were randomly assigned to the Mesalazine group (n=20) or the UDCA + Mesalazine group (n=20). Mayo score and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and fecal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing and blood samples for IL-23 and IL-17 ELISA were collected for analysis.

Results:
Mayo scores and IBDQ score of the UDCA + Mesalazine group were significantly better than those of the Mesalazine group (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). At post-treatment week 4, IL-23 and IL-17 levels were significantly lower in the UDCA + Mesalazine group compared to those in the Mesalazine group (both P < 0.038). In patients with UC after treatment, Firmicutes in the UDCA + Mesalazine group was higher than those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001). The UDCA + Mesalazine group showed lower percentage of Proteobacteria compared to those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Additional UDCA could provide better therapeutic effects than mesalazine alone, possibly due to the change of IL-23 and IL-17 and the proportional distribution of intestinal microflora.
Effect of Temperature on Host Preference in Two Lineages of the Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Backus Laura H. , López Pérez Andrés M. , Foley Janet E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a species complex of ticks that vector disease worldwide. Feeding primarily on dogs, members of the complex also feed incidentally on humans, potentially transmitting disease agents such as Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, and Ehrlichia species. There are two genetic Rh. sanguineus lineages in North America, designated as the temperate and tropical lineages, which had occurred in discrete locations, although there is now range overlap in parts of California and Arizona. Rh. sanguineus in Europe are reportedly more aggressive toward humans during hot weather, increasing the risk of pathogen transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hot weather on choice between humans and dog hosts among tropical and temperate lineage Rh. sanguineus individuals. Ticks in a two-choice olfactometer migrated toward a dog or human in trials at room (23.5°C) or high temperature (38°C). At 38°C, 2.5 times more tropical lineage adults chose humans compared with room temperature, whereas temperate lineage adults demonstrated a 66% reduction in preference for dogs and a slight increase in preference for humans. Fewer nymphs chose either host at 38°C than at room temperature in both lineages. These results demonstrate that risk of disease transmission to humans may be increased during periods of hot weather, where either lineage is present, and that hot weather events associated with climatic change may result in more frequent rickettsial disease outbreaks.
Nonparametric Binary Classification to Distinguish Closely Related versus Unrelated Plasmodium falciparum Parasites
Authors: Plucinski Mateusz M. , Barratt Joel L. N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAssessing genetic relatedness of Plasmodium falciparum genotypes is a key component of antimalarial efficacy trials. Previous methods have focused on determining a priori definitions of the level of genetic similarity sufficient to classify two infections as sharing the same strain. However, factors such as mixed-strain infections, allelic suppression, imprecise typing methods, and heterozygosity complicate comparisons of apicomplexan genotypes. Here, we introduce a novel method for nonparametric statistical testing of relatedness for P. falciparum parasites. First, the background distribution of genetic distance between unrelated strains is computed. Second, a threshold genetic distance is computed from this empiric distribution of distances to demarcate genetic distances that are unlikely to have arisen by chance. Third, the genetic distance between paired samples is computed, and paired samples with genetic distances below the threshold are classified as related. The method is designed to work with any arbitrary genetic distance definition. We validated this procedure using two independent approaches to calculating genetic distance. We assessed the concordance of the novel nonparametric classification with a gold-standard Bayesian approach for 175 pairs of recurrent P. falciparum episodes from previously published malaria efficacy trials with microsatellite data from five studies in Guinea and Angola. The novel nonparametric approach was 98% sensitive and 84–89% specific in correctly identifying related genotypes compared with a gold-standard Bayesian algorithm. The approach provides a unified and systematic method to statistically assess relatedness of P. falciparum parasites using arbitrary genetic distance methodologies.
Prótesis colónicas en el tratamiento paliativo del cáncer colónico. Nuestra evaluación tras 10 años de experiencia.
Authors: Jury Gaston , Lopez Fagalde Rafael , Amieva Leandro , Ramacciotti Gonzalo , Manzotti Leandro , Dolan Martin , Sayanes Victoria , Naiderman Diego , Ruiz Nicolas , Miconi Diego 
Published: April 2021

Resumen:
Introducción: La colocación de stent/prótesis colónicas metálicas autoexpansibles por vía endoscópica surge como opción terapéutica para la obstrucción colónica neoplásica en dos situaciones: tratamiento paliativo y puente a la cirugía. Este procedimiento permite evitar cirugías en dos tiempos y disminuir la probabilidad de colostomía definitiva con el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida y complicaciones asociadas la misma.
Objetivos: Comunicar nuestra experiencia en la colocación de prótesis colónicas en la obstrucción neoplásica como tratamiento paliativo en nuestro medio, tras 10 años de experiencia.
Diseño: Prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional.
Material y métodos: Desde agosto de 2008 a diciembre de 2019, se analizaron todos los pacientes a quienes el mismo grupo de endoscopistas colocaron PAE con intención paliativa por CCR avanzado. Fueron analizadas las variables demográficas, clínicas, el éxito técnico, el éxito clínico, la sobrevida, las complicaciones tempranas y tardías, así como su resolución.
Resultados: Se colocaron un total de 54 prótesis autoexpansibles. La media de edad fue 71 años. El 85% de las lesiones se localizaron en colon izquierdo. El 58% de los casos (31 pacientes) se realizaron en forma ambulatoria. El éxito técnico y clínico fue del 92% y 98% respectivamente. Con una sobrevida promedio de 209 días.
Conclusiones: Estos 10 años de experiencia nos permiten concluir que la colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpansibles como tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción neoplásica colónica es eficaz, segura, se puede realizar tanto en forma ambulatoria como con internación breve, permitiendo la externación y alimentación oral temprana, mejorando las condiciones para afrontar un eventual tratamiento quimioterapéutico paliativo.
Utilização de fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 como fotocatalisadores para a geração de hidrogênio
Authors: Da Silva Luana Góes Soares , Alves Annelise Kopp 
Published: April 2021

A fotocatálise amplamente empregada no tratamento de efluentes, descontaminação ambiental, degradação de poluentes e purificação de água residuária, vem surgindo também como uma alternativa para a geração de hidrogênio, como fonte de energia limpa. O seu mecanismo de ação reside na geração de radicais hidroxila (•OH), com alto poder oxidante, e na completa mineralização de diversos compostos orgânicos através da reação com este radical. O seu princípio de funcionamento consiste na ativação de um semicondutor (normalmente TiO2) por luz solar ou artificial. Sua utilização tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores, devido a possibilidade de degradação completa dos compostos orgânicos sem a geração de subprodutos. A aplicação do TiO2, na qualidade de semicondutor mais comumente utilizado em fotocatálise heterogênea adquire relevância, devido à sua eficiência na decomposição de poluentes da água, do ar, bactérias, células cancerígenas e na degradação de compostos orgânicos tóxicos. Dentro deste contexto, neste trabalho, foram obtidas através da técnica de electrospinning fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 e, tratadas termicamente entre 650 ºC e 800 ºC. Estas fibras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX) para a determinação das fases presentes e da estrutura cristalina formada, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de transmissão (MET) para análise microestrutural. os métodos de Brunnauer Emmet e Teller (BET) e Barret Joyner Halenda (BJH), foram utilizados para avaliação da área superficial, e, a fotocatálise heterogênea, empregada nos ensaios de fotodegradação, mediante a observação da descoloração com o tempo de 125 mL de uma solução 20 ppm do corante alaranjado de metila na presença das fibras nanoestruturadas de TiO2 (fotocatalisadores). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as fibras de TiO2, tratadas termicamente a 650 ºC, contendo a fase anatase possuem elevada atividade fotocatalítica e podem ser aplicadas à geração de energia. A produção de hidrogênio através de fontes renováveis, além de oportunizar a obtenção de energia de forma limpa, também permite a redução dos impactos ambientais gerados.
A marcha da liberdade e as redes de protesto
Authors: De Oliveira Mariana Freitas Gomes 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a Marcha da Liberdade, orientando-nos, principalmente, pelas informações produzidas pela imprensa. Em seguida, buscaremos interpretá-la articulando os conceitos de acontecimento político e movimentos pós- socialistas de Maurizio Lazzarato, com uso de teorias complementares. Procuraremos, a partir das noções de redes interativas e fluxos de Manuel Castells, evidenciar o papel das cidades como nós para a organização deste tipo de protesto, materializando em suas ruas e praças a reunião de um coletivo de pessoas que já estavam previamente reunidas na internet. Concluímos com a ideia que este tipo de organização de protesto evita a cristalização da agência coletiva em uma entidade burocratizada que se quer unificada, promovendo a diversidade de pessoas e bandeiras.
Metodologías dinámicas en Educación Infantil. Propuesta didáctica: los deportes
Authors: Alonso Jose María Rabal , Cano Andrea Ganga , Zárate Marta Bermejo 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo de investigación consiste en una secuencia de enseñanza dirigida a alumnos y alumnas de un aula de 5 años. La temática principal de este serán los deportes, pero incluidos dentro del área de las ciencias sociales. El objetivo más importante que queremos conseguir es potenciar el conocimiento de esta materia a través de un tema que el propio alumnado ha seleccionado, por tanto, será de gran interés para ellos y la puesta en práctica les producirá un alto grado de motivación y participación. Además, es un tópico bastante actual y habitual, pues lo encontramos en el día a día de los más pequeños, pero la novedad es que no suele ser trabajado en el colegio fuera de la asignatura de psicomotricidad.
No obstante, es un tema recurrente que nos ayudará a trabajar diversas partes del currículo del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil, no solo el apartado de ciencias sociales, por lo que diríamos que es globalizador.
La elección del eje central surge directamente de la propia aula como consecuencia de una lluvia de ideas en la que implicamos al alumnado. La secuencia, titulada “los deportes”, tendrá una duración de un mes y estará compuesta por veinticuatro sesiones.
Recurso hidrico en peligro: Sistema Acuífero Guaraní
Authors: Rodriguez Facundo 
Published: April 2021

Abordar Geopolítica hoy en Sudamérica, nos lleva a hablar sobre una temática relevante y crucial de cara al futuro inmediato, el Acuífero Guaraní (S. A. G.) uno de los reservorios de agua subterránea más grande del mundo, con aproximadamente 1.190.000 kilómetros cuadrados. Es compartido por cuatro países Brasil, Argentina, Paraguay y Uruguay. Hay una gran problemática a nivel mundial, la escasez de agua dulce en el planeta. El eje de esta investigación abordará este recurso natural no renovable y vital desde dos aspectos la protección ambiental y los tratados y acuerdos internacionales que rigen en la región.
Más de 1,4 billones de personas viven en cuencas hidrográficas, donde toda el agua dulce, está comprometida o excesivamente comprometidas, casi el 80% de la población mundial habita en zonas donde las aguas de las cuencas están amenazadas, exhibiendo un riesgo inminente para el uso y consumo humano.
Desde la óptica ambiental el acuífero Guaraní, se encuentra con dos severos inconvenientes, en primer medida la contaminación del agua, por distintos motivos que ponen en grave peligro al ecosistema y segundo, la extracción por bombeo es mayor a la cantidad de agua que ingresa en las recargas. El acuífero ha llevado millones de años en formarse y ahora se ve en un serio riesgo.
Esta investigación intenta plantear dos ejes de discusión partiendo del concepto que el agua es un Recurso de Stock, y que es un vital elemento para el desarrollo de la vida humana, no solo para su consumo sino también para la producción industrial, agrícola, generación de energía, entre otros usos. Por un lado como reducir el impacto de la contaminación ambiental, la sustentabilidad del recurso, el acceso al agua potable de calidad e instalaciones sanitarias que son un derecho indispensable para el pleno gozo de la vida. Así mismo la otra preocupación radica en analizar si está lo adecuadamente protegido desde una perspectiva jurídica, con los tratados transfronterizos tanto en un contexto internacional, como las legislaturas nacionales y provinciales con los principios de dependencia multilateral.
Para ello tendremos que averiguar si cada uno de los países involucrados de manera individual o en conjunto como bloque regional, poseen los instrumentos necesarios, la capacidad para establecer la intervención, usufructo, y mantenimiento con normativas claras y adecuadas para garantizar a las futuras generaciones dicho recurso compartido por las cuatro naciones sudamericanas.
Didáctica de los órganos del sistema digestivo en niños de 4 años. Importancia de una correcta evaluación inicial en educación infantil
Authors: Alonso Jose María Rabal , Gallego Laura Martínez 
Published: April 2021

Desde nuestro punto de vista, resulta fundamental que desde edades tempranas los niños comiencen a conocer su cuerpo, las partes que lo forman y en concreto, tal y como muestra este trabajo, los distintos sistemas, aunque nosotras nos centremos en el digestivo. El motivo por el que hemos elegido este sistema, es porque consideramos que su comprensión resulta más sencilla para los niños, dado que, manifiestan mayor curiosidad por diversos conceptos relacionados con el mismo. Por otro lado, se trata de un tema que está presente en sus vidas, y que los pequeños ven de forma natural, frente a la opinión de algunos adultos que intentan censurarlo o tratarlo sin naturalidad. Consideramos que resulta positivo que determinados aspectos vinculados a este sistema como es el caso de la expulsión de residuos del cuerpo humano, se traten desde un comienzo en la etapa educativa, ya que al iniciar sus estudios preescolares, generalmente, los alumnos todavía no tienen un total control de esfínteres. Además, existen otras concepciones sobre este sistema que pueden resultar más familiares para el alumnado, aunque no lleguen a comprender del todo qué es, cómo en el caso del estómago.