bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of chest CT in deciphering interstitial lung involvement: systemic sclerosis versus COVID-19
Authors: Orlandi Martina , Landini Nicholas , Sambataro Gianluca , Nardi Cosimo , Tofani Lorenzo , Bruni Cosimo , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Blagojevic Jelena , Melchiorre Daniela , Hughes Michael , Denton Christopher P , Luppi Fabrizio , Ruaro Barbara , della Casa Francesca , Rossi Francesca W , De Luca Giacomo , Campochiaro Corrado , Spinicci Michele , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Tomassetti Sara , Caminati Antonella , Cavigli Edoardo , Albanesi Marco , Melchiorre Fabio , Palmucci Stefano , Vegni Virginia , Guiducci Serena , Moggi-Pignone Alberto , Allanore Yannick , Bartoloni Alessandro , Confalonieri Marco , Dagna Lorenzo , DeCobelli Francesco , dePaulis Amato , Harari Sergio , Khanna Dinesh , Kuwana Masataka , Taliani Gloria , Lavorini Federico , Miele Vittorio , Morana Giovanni , Pesci Alberto , Vancheri Carlo , Colagrande Stefano , Matucci-Cerinic Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the main CT features that may help in distinguishing a progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to SSc from COVID-19 pneumonia.MethodsThis multicentric study included 22 international readers grouped into a radiologist group (RADs) and a non-radiologist group (nRADs). A total of 99 patients, 52 with COVID-19 and 47 with SSc-ILD, were included in the study.ResultsFibrosis inside focal ground-glass opacities (GGOs) in the upper lobes; fibrosis in the lower lobe GGOs; reticulations in lower lobes (especially if bilateral and symmetrical or associated with signs of fibrosis) were the CT features most frequently associated with SSc-ILD. The CT features most frequently associated with COVID- 19 pneumonia were: consolidation (CONS) in the lower lobes, CONS with peripheral (both central/peripheral or patchy distributions), anterior and posterior CONS and rounded-shaped GGOs in the lower lobes. After multivariate analysis, the presence of CONs in the lower lobes (P &lt; 0.0001) and signs of fibrosis in GGOs in the lower lobes (P &lt; 0.0001) remained independently associated with COVID-19 pneumonia and SSc-ILD, respectively. A predictive score was created that was positively associated with COVID-19 diagnosis (96.1% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity).ConclusionCT diagnosis differentiating between COVID-19 pneumonia and SSc-ILD is possible through a combination of the proposed score and radiologic expertise. The presence of consolidation in the lower lobes may suggest COVID-19 pneumonia, while the presence of fibrosis inside GGOs may indicate SSc-ILD.
Knowledge transfer profiles of public research organisations: the role of fields of knowledge specialisation
Authors: de la Torre Eva M , Ghorbankhani Maryam , Rossi Federica , Sagarra Marti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While public research organisations (PROs) are increasingly expected to transfer knowledge to businesses and other stakeholders, their engagement in knowledge transfer (KT) activities is still under-researched. Better understanding of PROs’ KT engagement, including how it is shaped by PROs’ organisational characteristics, could lead to better tailored policies in support to PROs’ effort to transfer knowledge. We develop a conceptual framework linking PROs’ specialisation in different fields of knowledge to their profiles of KT engagement and validate it empirically using a six-year panel data set of 33 PROs in the UK. We use multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis techniques to identify three distinct KT profiles, which are stable over time, and strongly associated with the PROs’ knowledge field specialisation. We argue that these profiles may depend on the different market readiness and user specificity of knowledge outputs arising from different fields of knowledge and derive implications for theory, policy, and practice.
The epidemiology of melioidosis in Townsville, Australia
Authors: Gassiep1 Ian , Ganeshalingam Vibooshini , Chatfield Mark D , Harris Patrick N A , Norton Robert E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Melioidosis in an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, an organism endemic to tropical and subtropical regions.

Methods
This study describes the epidemiology of melioidosis in Townsville, QLD, Australia, as well as clinical features, risk factors associated with the disease, the burden of infection on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) community and patient outcomes over time.

Results
From 1997 to 2020, 128 patients were admitted to Townsville University Hospital. The total annual incidence of infection was 3.2 cases per 100 000 compared with 15.3 per 100 000 in the ATSI population. The majority of cases (n=82 [64%]) were male. Alcohol excess (55%) and diabetes mellitus (48%) were the most common risk factors. Bacteraemia occurred in 87 (70%) patients and pneumonia was the most common focus of infection in 84 (69%). The case fatality rate was 23%, with no difference for the ATSI population (6/32 [19%]). The presence of malignancy was the risk factor most associated with mortality (relative risk 2.7 [95% confidence interval 1.4–5.1], p=0.005).

Conclusions
The ATSI community was overrepresented in this study, however, there was no significant difference in adverse outcomes. The case fatality rate was higher than in other regions in Australia. This discrepancy may relate in part to the different risk groups seen in these settings coupled with potential organism variability.
Blood Perfusion of Random Skin Flaps in Humans—In Vivo Assessment by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
Authors: Carvalho Brinca Ana M. , de Castro Pinho André , Costa Vieira Ricardo J. D. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
The viability of random skin flaps (RSFs) depends on an adequate perfusion pressure to avoid necrosis. Laser speckle contrast imaging is a new method to monitor skin flap microcirculation.

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to use laser speckle contrast imaging in evaluating the correlation between the perfusion pressure and the length-to-width ratio (LTWR) of RSFs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty patients submitted to flaps were included: 20 advancement, 20 rotation, and 20 transposition flaps. Laser speckle contrast imaging measurements of perfusion were obtained—after the flaps were planned, dissected, and sutured—from the base to the tip of the flaps, allowing the creation of plot charts and calculation of linear regression equations.

RESULTS
Perfusion consistently and significantly decreased with the dissection of all flaps. A significant correlation between LTWR and perfusion was observed in undermined and sutured stages; a mathematical model was then delineated, explaining objectively the drop of perfusion along LTWR, with statistical significance, in all flaps.

CONCLUSION
Laser speckle contrast imaging allows accurate, rapid, reproducible, and noncontact measurements of skin blood perfusion over RSF, ultimately leading to an optimization of skin flap planning. This study proves that variation of perfusion pressure along the flap is dependent on the LTWR in a linear decreasing function.
Age, minimum alveolar concentration and choice of depth of sedation monitor: examining the paradox of age when using the Narcotrend monitor
Authors: Hight Darren , Schanderhazi Cornelia , Huber Markus , Stüber Frank , Kaiser Heiko A. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
With an ageing global population, it is important to individualise titration of anaesthetics according to age and by measuring their effect on the brain. A recent study reported that during general surgery, the given concentration of volatile anaesthetics, expressed as a fraction of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC fraction), decreases by around only 3% per age-decade, which is less than the 6% expected from age-adjusted MAC. Paradoxically, despite the excessive dosing, Bispectral index (BIS) values also increased.

OBJECTIVE
We planned to investigate the paradox of age when using the Narcotrend depth of anaesthesia monitor.

DESIGN
Secondary analyses of a prospective observational study.

SETTING
Tertiary hospital in Switzerland, recordings took place during 2016 and 2017.

PATIENTS
One thousand and seventy-two patients undergoing cardiac surgery entered the study, and 909 with noise-free recordings and isoflurane anaesthesia were included in this analysis.

INTERVENTION
We calculated mean end-tidal MAC fraction and mean index value of the Narcotrend depth of sedation monitor used in the study during the prebypass period. Statistical associations were modelled using linear regression, local weighted regression (LOESS) and a generalised additive model (GAM).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary endpoints in this study were the change in end-tidal MAC fraction and mean Narcotrend index values, both measured per age-decade.

RESULTS
We observed a linear decrease in end-tidal MAC fraction of 3.2% per age-decade [95% confidence interval (CI) −3.97% to −2.38%, P < 0.001], consistent with previous findings. In contrast to the BIS, mean Narcotrend index values decreased with age at 3.0 index points per age-decade (95% CI, −3.55 points to −2.36 points, P < 0.001), a direction of change commensurate with the increasing age-adjusted MAC fraction with patient age. These relationships were consistent regardless of whether age-adjusted MAC was displayed on the anaesthetic machine.

CONCLUSIONS
We caution that the ‘paradox of age’ may in part depend on the choice of depth of sedation monitor.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02976584.
The mediating effect of skeletal muscle index on the relationship between menarcheal age and bone mineral density in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity
Authors: Ning Hongting , Du Yan , Zhao Lan-Juan , Tian Qing , Feng Hui , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To examine the contribution of skeletal mass index (SMI) as a mediator in the relationship between menarcheal age and hip/spine bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity.

Methods:
The data of 4,329 participants (age ≥ 18; mean age=35.7 ± 9.5) of Whites (n = 2,543), African Americans (n = 1,236), and Asians (n = 550) enrolled from October 2011 to January 2019 from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study were analyzed. After adjustment for physiological and behavioral factors, multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate each component of the proposed mediation models, and mediation was verified by the bootstrapping resampling approach.

Results:
Premenopausal women with early menarcheal age tended to have higher SMI and BMD than women with normal menarcheal age among all races/ethnicities included. Women with late menarcheal age were, however, more likely to have a lower SMI than their counterparts with normal menarcheal age (r = −0.212, 95% CI = [−0.321 to −0.103] for White women; r = −0.181, 95% CI = [−0.410 to −0.008] for African-American women; r = −0.174, 95% CI = [−0.343 to −0.006] for Asian women). Similar results were found for both spine and hip BMD. SMI fully mediated the difference in BMD due to different menarcheal ages among Whites, African Americans, and Asian women with early menarcheal age; however, no mediating effects were observed for Asian women with late menarcheal age.

Conclusions:
SMI, as a full mediator, affected the relationship between menarcheal age and BMD among premenopausal women, and the mediating effects varied by race/ethnicity. To prevent or slow down the loss of hip/spine BMD and the development of osteoporosis, measures aiming at minimizing the risk for muscle mass loss should be recommended, especially for White and African-American women with late menarcheal age.
Hormone therapy formulation, dose, route of delivery, and risk of hypertension: findings from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS)
Authors: Wild Robert A. , Larson Joseph C. , Crandall Carolyn J. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Allison Matthew , Gass Margery , Shufelt Chrisandra , Manson JoAnn E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Using data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS), to determine the role of estrogen formulation, dose, route of delivery, and its combination with different progestogens on the risk for hypertension in the WHI-OS.

Methods:
After excluding women with diagnosed hypertension, receiving antihypertensive medication, presenting with elevated blood pressure ( ≥ 140/90), and those not taking menopausal hormone therapy at baseline, 19,986 women remained eligible for the analyses. Using hierarchal modeling, proportional hazard rate calculation, and linear and logistic regression analyses, we evaluated incident treated hypertension and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes at 3 years. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, history of treated diabetes, history of prescription medicines for high cholesterol, alcohol intake, hysterectomy, and bilateral oophorectomy.

Results:
At 3 years, and compared with conjugated estrogens (CEE) with or without a progestin, the odds for newly treated hypertension were lower in women who used transdermal estradiol (0.85, 95% CI, 0.73-1.00) or oral estrone sulphate dominant preparations (0.83, 0.72-0.96). The odds of incident treated hypertension after 3 years did not vary according to dose of estrogen. The mean measured systolic blood pressure was minimally lower with transdermal estradiol (−1.20, 95% CI, −1.97 to −0.44) mm Hg and other oral Estrone dominant preparations (−0.83, 95% CI, −1.51 to −0.16) mm Hg at 3 years. For a given estrogen type, the magnitudes of the hazard ratio were similar for estrogen-alone compared with estrogen plus a progestogen. For women 10 or more years past menopause when they entered, the HR for incident self-reported treated hypertension was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.09-1.46) with higher dose CEE compared with 0.625 mg CEE. It was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.68-1.13) when given to women who were < 10 years after menopause when they entered the WHI-OS.

Conclusion:
The risk of treated hypertension differed by formulation, dose, and years since menopause.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A795.
The Effectiveness of Active Learning Approaches in a Pain Education Curriculum Within a Physical Therapy Program
Authors: Helms Jeb T. , Mayhew Thomas P. , Zimney Kory J. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose.
Pain education within physical therapist educational programs needs to continually evolve to meet current best practice guidelines. This model presentation describes the successful implementation of a pain curriculum using various active learning approaches including VoiceThread assignments in an entry-level physical therapist educational program.

Method/Model Description and Evaluation.
An 8-week curriculum was developed to assist students in meeting the synthesis and evaluation learning objectives of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) curricular guidelines. Active learning homework assignments allowed students to practice communicating difficult pain principles while receiving constructive feedback. Course outcomes were measured through changes in a modified version of the Pain Attitude and Beliefs Scale (PABS), the Pain Care Confidence Scale (PCCS), qualitative student feedback, and performance on both practical and written examinations.

Outcomes.
All students passed the practical examination where they successfully demonstrated pain principle communication skills. The students showed less biomedical beliefs in 5 of the 7 PABS biomedical subscale questions and greater biopsychosocial beliefs in 2 of the 7 biopsychosocial subsections (P < .05). Student scores on the PCCS also improved significantly (P < .05) from 5.0 to 8.1 on the combined confidence level for treating patients in pain.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Implementation of the IASP curriculum within an entry-level physical therapist education program resulting in positive results in student learning and changing beliefs using a combined lecture and active learning approach.
Suppressing Syndecan-1 Shedding to Protect Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Maintaining Polarity of Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Guo Man , Xu Jiarui , Zhao Shuan , Shen Daoqi , Jiang Wuhua , Zhang Lin , Ding Xiaoqiang , Xu Xialian 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), a type of heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the surface of epithelial cells, is involved in maintaining cell morphology. Loss of cell polarity constitutes the early stage of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). This study investigated the role of SDC-1 shedding in I/R-induced AKI and the underlying mechanisms. Levels of the shed SDC-1 in the serum were measured with ELISA 12 and 24 h after reperfusion in renal I/R model mice. Na+/K+-ATPase-α1 expression was evaluated using western blotting in vivo and immunofluorescence in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cysts. Renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was measured using TUNEL in vivo and flow cytometry in vitro. Furthermore, plasma syndecan-1 (pSDC-1) levels were measured in patients at the time of anesthesia resuscitation after cardiac surgery. We found that shed SDC-1 levels increased and Na+/K+-ATPase-α1 expression decreased after H/R in the three-dimensional (3D) tubular model, and this state was exacerbated with extended period of hypoxia. After the inhibition of SDC-1 shedding by GM6001, SDC-1 and Na+/K+-ATPase-α1 expression was restored, while H/R-induced apoptosis was decreased. In vivo, SDC-1 shedding was induced by renal I/R and was accompanied with a loss of renal tubular epithelial cell polarity and increased apoptosis. GM6001 pretreatment protected against I/R injury by alleviating the disruption of cell polarity and apoptosis. pSDC-1 levels were significantly higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients. ROC curve showed that the accuracy of pSDC-1 for AKI prediction was 0.769. In conclusion, inhibition of I/R-induced SDC-1 shedding could contribute to renal protection by restoring the loss of cell polarity and alleviating apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells.
Socioeconomic status effects on health vary between rural and urban Turkana
Authors: Lea Amanda J. , Waigwa Charles , Muhoya Benjamin , Lotukoi Francis , Peng Julie , Henry Lucas P. , Abhyankar Varada , Kamau Joseph , Martins Dino , Gurven Michael , Ayroles Julien F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesUnderstanding the social determinants of health is a major goal in evolutionary biology and human health research. Low socioeconomic status (often operationalized as absolute material wealth) is consistently associated with chronic stress, poor health, and premature death in high income countries. However, the degree to which wealth gradients in health are universal—or are instead made even steeper under contemporary, post-industrial conditions—remains poorly understood.MethodologyWe quantified absolute material wealth and several health outcomes among a population of traditional pastoralists, the Turkana of northwest Kenya, who are currently transitioning toward a more urban, market-integrated lifestyle. We assessed whether wealth associations with health differed in subsistence-level versus urban contexts. We also explored the causes and consequences of wealth-health associations by measuring serum cortisol, potential sociobehavioral mediators in early life and adulthood, and adult reproductive success (number of surviving offspring).ResultsHigher socioeconomic status and greater material wealth predicts better self-reported health and more offspring in traditional pastoralist Turkana, but worse cardiometabolic health and fewer offspring in urban Turkana. We do not find robust evidence for either direct biological mediators (i.e., cortisol) or indirect sociobehavioral mediators (e.g., adult diet or health behaviors, early life experiences) of wealth-health relationships in either context.Conclusions and implicationsWhile social gradients in health are well-established in humans and animals across a variety of socioecological contexts, we show that the relationship between wealth and health can vary within a single population. Our findings emphasize that changes in economic and societal circumstances may directly alter how, why, and under what conditions socioeconomic status predicts health.Lay summaryHigh socioeconomic status predicts better health and more offspring in traditional Turkana pastoralists, but worse health and fewer offspring in individuals of the same group living in urban centers. Together, our work shows that under different economic and societal circumstances, wealth effects on health may manifest in very different ways.
Effectiveness, acceptability and potential harms of peer support for self-harm in non-clinical settings: A systematic review
Authors: Seif Nada Abou , Bastien Rayanne John-Baptiste , Wang Belinda , Davies Jessica , Isaken Mette , Ball Ellie , Pitman Alexandra , Rowe Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany people who have self-harmed prefer informal sources of support, or support from those with lived experience. However, little is known about whether peer support improves outcomes for people who have self-harmed, and what might be the risks of peer support interventions in non-clinical settings.ObjectivesThe aims of this review are to examine the effectiveness, acceptability and potential risks of peer support for self-harm, and how these risks might be mitigated.MethodsWe searched two bibliographic databases and grey literature for papers published since 2000. We included peer support for self-harm that occurred in voluntary sector organisations, providing one-to-one or group support, or via moderated online peer support forums. We excluded peer support within clinical settings, peer support provided by relatives or friends who self-harm, or peer support from unmoderated online forums. Quality appraisal was conducted on included papers, and study findings were summarised using a narrative synthesis.ResultsTen papers met the inclusion criteria for this review, and most (n=8) were conducted in the United Kingdom. Eight of the papers focused on peer support that was delivered through online mediums and two examined face-to-face self-harm recovery/support groups. Limited conclusions about the effectiveness of peer support interventions for self-harm can be made, as we found no studies comparing this to other treatments or a control group. Peer support for self-harm was found to be acceptable and was viewed as having a range of benefits including a reduction of loneliness, a sense of community and empowerment, improvements in interpersonal skills, and access to information and support. The most commonly perceived risk associated with peer support for self-harm was the potential for triggering self-harm. Other potential risks identified were being re-traumatised by listening to other people’s stories, not having the knowledge or skills to help others, and misunderstandings or disagreements with other peers/group members.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted a range of benefits of being part of a group with very specific shared experiences. This justifies investment in the provision of such resources, supported by safeguards to mitigate the potential risks from peer support interventions. Suggestions include organisations using professional facilitators for groups, including trigger warnings for online forums, and providing regular supervision and training so that peers are prepared and feel confident to support vulnerable people whilst maintaining their own emotional health.