bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin transporter availability, neurocognitive function and their correlation in abstinent 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine users
Authors: van de Blaak Foke L. , Dumont Glenn J. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRationaleMDMA or Ecstasy has made a resurgence in popularity and the majority of users consist of teenagers and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to determine whether MDMA causes long‐term damage and what this damage entails. There is an ongoing debate about possible neurocognitive changes in 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users related to MDMA's neurotoxic potential. Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown that Ecstasy use leads to lower serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in multiple brain regions. This may express itself in a loss of cognitive functions like memory, attention and executive function. However, there is increasing evidence reporting that MDMA's induced serotonergic adaptations are reversible over time. The question we thus address is whether the recovery of SERT function predicts a recovery of cognitive function.ObjectivesThis review aims to investigate MDMA's long‐term effects on SERT availability and cognitive functioning.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed. Studies that investigated the effects of MDMA on both SERT availability and cognitive performance were eligible for inclusion.ResultsSERT availability positively correlated with time of abstinence, whereas memory performance did not show this correlation, but remained impaired in MDMA users. No significant correlation between SERT availability and memory function was found (r = 0.232, p = 0.581; r = 0.176, p = 0.677).ConclusionsThe main findings of this review are that MDMA‐use leads to an acute decrease in SERT availability and causes an impairment in cognitive functions, mostly memory. However, SERT availability recovers with sustained abstinence while memory function does not. This suggests that SERT availability is not a biomarker for MDMA‐induced cognitive impairment and likely also not for MDMA‐induced neurotoxicity.
Mosaic desert pavement influences water infiltration and vegetation distribution on fluvial fan surfaces
Authors: Wang Dejin , Zhao Wenzhi , Zhou Hong , Luo Weicheng , Liu Hu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDesert pavements (DPs) are critical for maintaining ecological stability and promoting near‐surface hydrological cycling in arid regions. However, few studies have focused on eco‐hydrological processes of DPs in the ecological systems of fluvial fans. Although DP surfaces appear to be barren and flat, we found that the surfaces are characterized by surface mosaic patterns of desert pavement (mosaic DP) and bare ground (mosaic BG). We investigated the effects of mosaic DP on water infiltration and vegetation distribution at six sites in fluvial fans (one on a hillside and five within the sectors of fans) along a southwest belt transect in northern Linze County, in the central Hexi Corridor (China). We found significant differences in mosaic DP between the hillside and sector sites in terms of pavement thickness and vesicular horizon thickness (Av thickness), particle composition, and bulk density, although significant differences were absent for mass soil water content, gravel coverage, and surface gravel size. The mosaic DP inhibited water infiltration by the pavement layer, where the sorptivity (S), initial infiltration rate (iint), steady‐state infiltration rate (isat) and infiltration time (T) averaged 1.19 cm/min‐0.5, 0.64 cm/min, 0.13 cm/min and 12.76 min, respectively. Where the pavement layer was scalped, the S, iint, and isat increased by 0.27 cm/min‐0.5, 0.52 cm/min, and 0.40 cm/min, respectively, and the T reduced by 7.42 min. Water infiltration was mainly controlled by the pavement layer thickness (+), Av thickness (−), surface gravel coverage (−), fine earth (+) and fine gravel (−) in the pavement layer. The DP surfaces only had a sparse covering of shrubs, but an abundance of herbs. Few shrubs were present on the mosaic DP, but a greater number of shrubs and herbs grew on the mosaic BG. It can be concluded that DPs can maintain vegetation stability for different surface mosaic patterns. This study deepens our understanding of the eco‐hydrological cycle of DP landscapes in arid regions.
Pictorial guide to canine and feline blood smears. Part 2: abnormal findings – erythrocytes
Authors: Papasouliotis Kostas , Murphy Kate 
Published: September 2021

Background: A variety of disorders can cause morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes, most of which cannot be detected without a blood smear examination. Their accurate detection can lead to the diagnosis of specific diseases and the implementation of appropriate treatment.Aim of the article: This is the second of three articles about practical haematology and blood smear examination in cats and dogs. This article aims to increase the confidence of veterinary practitioners and nurses who examine blood smears in general practice in recognising common changes in the morphology of erythrocytes, and recalling the disorders most commonly responsible for these changes.
Making a convenient, low‐cost phantom with a previously unreported material for practicing ultrasound‐guided procedures
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Joyce Christine , Kuipers John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasound‐guided procedures require excellent hand–eye coordination and practice. Trainees should gain this important skill with a phantom prior to performing procedures on patients. Currently available phantoms each have their own unique limitations. We propose an easily made, inexpensive, tissue‐like phantom using a previously unreported material. The sonographic appearance of the phantom, with and without a 14‐gauge needle, is compared with breast tissue, gelatin phantoms, and commercial phantoms. Target lesions can be produced using readily available materials. The proposed phantom is cheaper than commercial phantoms; performs better than gelatin phantoms, and is ultimately a superior practice tool for residents.
Interactive navigation of multiple convex patches
Authors: Collicott Cristina , Bonacker Esther , Lammel Ina , Teichert Katrin , Walzcak Michal , Süss Philipp 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong the approaches to multi‐criteria decision making, Pareto navigation is a powerful, interactive tool that has been successfully applied to a variety of real‐world problems with continuous decision variables, including chemical process design, drug manufacturing, logistical vehicle routing problems, and radiotherapy treatment planning. However, many real‐life problems are formulated using both continuous and binary decision variables. In this work, we introduce patch navigation as an algorithmic concept that extends Pareto navigation to this type of problem where the number of binary variables is relatively small. The underlying idea is the navigation across a finite set of individual, convex fronts each associated with a specific configuration of the binary variables (patches). We show how the user interactions employed in current Pareto front navigation, namely selection and restriction, can be adopted to handle multiple patches. These routines enable the decision maker (DM) to change the solution in small increments while controlling the related trade‐offs. We also describe additional, patch‐specific routines that enable the DM to consider only an individually chosen subset of patches in the navigation. To illustrate patch navigation, and to demonstrate its usefulness for real‐life problems, we present numerical examples of patch navigation along with an application motivated by radiotherapy planning.
Stability and error analysis of a splitting method using Robin–Robin coupling applied to a fluid–structure interaction problem
Authors: Burman Erik , Durst Rebecca , Guzmán Johnny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze a splitting method for a canonical fluid structure interaction problem. The splitting method uses a Robin–Robin boundary condition to define an explicit coupling between the fluid and the structure. We prove the method is stable and, furthermore, we provide an error estimate that shows the error at the final time is where is the time step.
Solar‐wind‐hydro‐thermal scheduling using moth flame optimization
Authors: Hazra Sunanda , Roy Provas Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEver increasing concern of environmental safeguard makes renewable energy sources (RES) useful for emission reduction as well as for production cost minimization. In this article, the multiobjective economic emission dispatch (EED) model with security constraints incorporating photovoltaic, nonconvex thermal, and wind units is introduced for hydro‐thermal‐solar‐wind power scheduling arrangement. However, the significant reduction of emission is the foremost perspective for environmental sustainability and penetration of RESs into the electrical grid is being encouraged tremendously. To diminish the power generation expenditure and pollution generated by fossil fuels, renewable solar PV and wind power‐oriented hydro‐thermal scheduling have significant worth. Existing algorithms do not perform satisfactorily for unpredicted solar and wind‐based nonlinear hydro‐thermal‐wind‐solar scheduling problems and it may give local optimal solutions instead of global optimal solution. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing algorithms, an effective, and an intelligent robust algorithm, named moth flame optimization (MFO) has been proposed for solving the said nonlinear optimization problem. This article describes a scientific review on the application of the proposed method to obtain the scheduling of optimal generation for hydrothermal systems by incorporating RESs like solar PV and wind plant. Optimal solutions gained by the employment of different optimization methods for a variety of test instances are demonstrated and the projected methods are compared in terms of attained optimal solutions and convergence speed. The proposed MFO algorithm is competent for potential/hopeful outcomes, and it reduces the electrical power generation cost and emission significantly. The simulation outcomes reveal the usefulness and feasibility of the proposed method.
PathogenicDPYDVariants and Treatment-Related Mortality in Patients Receiving Fluoropyrimidine Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sharma Bhavina B. , Rai Karan , Blunt Heather , Zhao Wenyan , Tosteson Tor D. , Brooks Gabriel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants of the DPYD gene are strongly associated with grade ≥3 toxicity during fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the risk of treatment-related death associated with DPYD gene variants.Materials and MethodsWe searched for reports published prior to September 17, 2020, that described patients receiving standard-dose fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine) who had baseline testing for at least one of four pathogenic DPYD variants (c.1129-5923C&gt;G [HapB3], c.1679T&gt;G [*13], c.1905+1G&gt;A [*2A], and c.2846A&gt;T) and were assessed for toxicity. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion and extracted study-level data. The primary outcome was the relative risk of treatment-related mortality for DPYD variant carriers versus noncarriers; we performed data synthesis using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model.ResultsOf the 2,923 references screened, 35 studies involving 13,929 patients were included. DPYD variants (heterozygous or homozygous) were identified in 566 patients (4.1%). There were 14 treatment-related deaths in 13,363 patients without identified DPYD variants (treatment-related mortality, 0.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.2) and 13 treatment-related deaths in 566 patients with any of the four DPYD variants (treatment-related mortality, 2.3%; 95% CI, 1.3%–3.9%). Carriers of pathogenic DPYD gene variants had a 25.6 times increased risk of treatment-related death (95% CI, 12.1–53.9; p &lt; .001). After excluding carriers of the more common but less deleterious c.1129-5923C&gt;G variant, carriers of c.1679T&gt;G, c.1905+1G&gt;A, and/or c.2846A&gt;T had treatment-related mortality of 3.7%.ConclusionPatients with pathogenic DPYD gene variants who receive standard-dose fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy have greatly increased risk for treatment-related death.Implications for PracticeThe syndrome of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is an uncommon but well-described cause of severe toxicity related to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents (5-fluorouracil and capecitabine). Patients with latent DPD deficiency can be identified preemptively with genotyping of the DPYD gene, or with measurement of the plasma uracil concentration. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors study the rare outcome of treatment-related death after fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. DPYD gene variants associated with DPD deficiency were linked to a 25.6 times increased risk of fluoropyrimidine-related mortality. These findings support the clinical utility of DPYD genotyping as a screening test for DPD deficiency.
Implementation of an Embedded In-Clinic Genetic Testing Station to Optimize Germline Testing for Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Walker Evan J. , Goldberg Dena , Gordon Kelly M. , Pedley Christina , Carnevale Julia , Cinar Pelin , Collisson Eric A. , Tempero Margaret A. , Ko Andrew H. , Blanco Amie M. , Dhawan Mallika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Germline genetic testing is universally recommended for patients with pancreatic cancer, but testing remains infrequent. In May 2018, we implemented a systematic patient intake workflow featuring an in-clinic genetic testing station (GTS) at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) to expedite genetic counseling and facilitate sample collection. We sought to determine the impact of this innovation on rates of genetic counseling and testing.

Methods
Medical records, patient intake records, and genetic test reports were retrospectively reviewed for new patients with pancreatic cancer eligible for germline testing at UCSF from May 2018 to May 2019. Primary outcomes included the rate of offered genetic counseling and confirmed germline testing. Data were compared for periods before and after GTS implementation. Associations between demographic characteristics and testing rates were assessed.

Results
Genetic counseling/testing was offered to 209 (94%) of 223 eligible patients, and 158 (71%) completed testing (135 at UCSF, 23 elsewhere). Compared with a traditional referral-based genetic counseling model, confirmed testing increased from 19% to 71%, patient attrition between referral and genetics appointment decreased from 36% to 3%, and rate of pathogenic variant detection increased from 20% to 33%. Patients who were younger, identified as non-Hispanic White, and spoke English as a primary language were more likely to complete testing.

Conclusions
Implementation of a systematic patient intake workflow and in-clinic GTS resulted in the highest reported real-world rate of germline testing for patients with pancreatic cancer. Health care disparities were identified and will guide future innovation. This report provides a model for other centers to create a similar testing infrastructure.

Implications for Practice
This study demonstrates that a systematic patient intake workflow and associated in-clinic genetic testing station improve delivery of genetic counseling and completion of germline testing for patients with pancreatic cancer. This study achieved, to the authors’ knowledge, the highest real-world rate of confirmed genetic testing in this patient population. This article describes this innovation in detail to guide replication at other medical centers and facilitate guideline-concordant care for patients with pancreatic cancer. This infrastructure can also be applied to other cancers for which germline testing is recommended.
Modeling flow and cell formation in foam sheet extrusion of polystyrene with CO2 and co‐blowing agents. Part II: Process model
Authors: Breuer Robert , Hendriks Sven , Reinhardt Nicolas , Facklam Martin , Hopmann Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn foam extrusion, process parameters, material properties, and the blowing agent have an influence on the resulting foam properties. For safety and environmental reasons, carbon dioxide (CO2) has gained importance as physical blowing agent for the production of low‐density polystyrene foam sheets. The sole use of CO2 often leads to corrugation, open cell structures, or surface defects on the foam sheet. As an alternative, blowing agent mixtures based on CO2 and organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, or ethyl acetate can be used, changing solubility and flow behavior of the gas‐loaded melt. A model approach for describing foam extrusion of polystyrene with various blowing agent mixtures in an annular gap die is developed. Part I of the paper describes the modeling of material properties. In Part II, the process model including nucleation and cell formation in the flow field is developed and applied to a foam sheet extrusion process. Based on the material model, melt flow and formation of cells are modeled by a step‐wise calculation along the die, showing good agreement with experimental data. Dimensionless numbers are used to describe the foaming process and a parameter study based on these dimensionless numbers is presented.
Host‐seeking behavior and fecundity of the female Aedes aegypti to human blood types
Authors: Khan Shahmshad Ahmed , Ombugadu Akwashiki , Ahmad Saboor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquitoes express different degrees of preference towards hosts depending on behavioral, ecological, and physiological factors. These preferences have implications for mosquito‐borne disease risk. This study investigated the effect of human blood groups on the behavior and fecundity of the female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from March 2018 to August 2019. In laboratory tests, mosquitoes were fed artificial membrane feeders on A, AB, B, and O blood groups. The level of attraction to different blood groups was tested under controlled conditions with a wind tunnel bioassay.RESULTSThe responses of Ae. aegypti to the blood groups treatments in the five‐choice tunnel chambers showed a significant preference (Kruskal‐Wallis (2 = 85.772, df = 4, P < 0.0001) for favor blood group B. Also, the response of Ae. aegypti to olfactory cues (filth) derived from a pool of volunteers cutting across the blood groups showed a similar preference for pattern towards the blood group B. The percentage rate of digestibility in Ae. aegypti was highest in those fed on blood group O, while individuals fed on the AB blood group had the lowest digestion rate. Thus, the rate of digestibility highly varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between blood groups. Overall, Ae. aegypti fed on blood group B had the highest average feeding rate, number of females with eggs, and fecundity level, which showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) on preferred.CONCLUSIONThis study provides novel insight into the ABO host choice of Ae. aegypti and reinforces the need for personal protection against dengue virus transmission in light of the increased risk of exposure for individuals with B blood type. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Using social media and online collaboration technology in expatriate management: Benefits, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Sahakiants Ihar , Dorner Gabi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article emphasizes the benefits of social media and online collaboration technology use in expatriate management, and the need to pay special attention to digitalization‐related issues in supporting expatriates and their family members before, during, and after international assignments. In particular, we argue that the traditional approaches to expatriate management need to be developed further to reflect current technological advancements, especially social media and online collaboration tools that are increasingly used by millions of individuals worldwide on a daily basis—a trend that has been reinforced by the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic and related social contact and international mobility restrictions. For this purpose, we show the advantages of implementing the above digital technologies in a number of instances, ranging from the recruitment and selection of international assignees to the cultural adjustment of expatriates and their families in a foreign country. Given these benefits, and the need to account for potential challenges associated with the use of or a high reliance on digital technology during expatriate assignments to both culturally close and distant countries, we outline recommendations that will guide the management of these digital tools by assigning organizations.
Steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis secondary to septic arthritis due to Pasteurella multocida in a bull terrier puppy
Authors: Albertini Guillaume Marc , Marsh Oliver James Richard , Raj Jennifer , Stabile Fabio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 3‐month‐old male, entire, English bull terrier was presented for investigation of a 24‐hour history of lethargy, pyrexia and neck pain. Inflammatory cerebrospinal and synovial fluid analyses with identification of Pasteurella multocida in the left stifle were supportive of a steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) and immune‐mediated arthritis secondary to septic arthritis in the left stifle. The patient was successfully treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. Follow‐up sampling of cerebrospinal and synovial fluids revealed resolution of the septic arthritis and SRMA after 6 weeks of treatment. Medications were tapered and discontinued after 16 weeks of treatment without any signs of relapse. Follow‐up was 16 weeks. This is the first case report of SRMA with the identification of P. multocida septic arthritis as the suspected trigger.
Closed string deformations in open string field theory. Part I. Bosonic string
Authors: Maccaferri Carlo , Vošmera Jakub 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This is the first of a series of three papers on open string field theories based on Witten star product deformed with a gauge invariant open/closed coupling. This de- formation is a tree-level tadpole which destabilizes the initial perturbative vacuum. We discuss the existence of vacuum-shift solutions which cancel the tadpole and represent a new configuration where the initial D-brane system has adapted to the change in the closed string background. As an example we consider the bulk deformation which changes the compactification radius and, to first order in the deformation, we reproduce the shift in the mass of the open string KK modes from the new kinetic operator after the vacuum shift. We also discuss the possibility of taming closed string degenerations with the open string propagator in the simplest amplitude corresponding to two closed strings off a disk.