bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadriplegia, an Unusual Outcome After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Díaz-Baamonde Alba , Peláez-Cruz Roberto , Téllez Maria J. , Chen Junping , Lara-Reyna Jacques , Ulkatan Sedat 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 68-year-old woman who underwent a C5 to C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery presented with new-onset postoperative quadriplegia. During discectomy, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring alerted of a spinal cord (SC) dysfunction. The surgery was halted, and measures to ensure adequate SC perfusion were initiated. In the next 2-week follow-up, patient's motor deficit progressively improved.

Conclusions:
We report an unusual and devastating outcome of new-onset quadriplegia after an elective ACDF and highlight the relevance of intraoperative monitoring during cervical spine surgery to early recognize and treat SC impending injury.
Septic Iliopsoas Bursitis After Intra-articular Methylprednisolone Injection to the Hip
Authors: Crawford Alexander M. , Grisdela Philip T. , Maguire James H. , von Keudell Arvind G. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We describe the case of a 74-year-old man who developed severe hip pain several days after an intra-articular methylprednisolone injection to his right hip. Culture of the ipsilateral iliopsoas bursa revealed a Staphylococcus lugdunensis infection, which was successfully eradicated through irrigation and debridement as well as antibiotics.

Conclusion:
Infection after hip injection is a known theoretical risk but is rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of septic bursitis after corticosteroid injection. Readers should be mindful that these complications do occur in clinical practice and portend significant morbidity.
PDCNN: FRAMEWORK for Potato Diseases Classification Based on Feed Foreword Neural Network
Authors: Hassoon Israa Mohammed , Qassir Samar Amil , Riyadh Musaab 
Published: June 2021

The economy is exceptionally reliant on agricultural productivity. Therefore, in domain of agriculture, plant infection discovery is a vital job because it gives promising advance towards the development of agricultural production. In this work, a framework for potato diseases classification based on feed foreword neural network is proposed. The objective of this work is presenting a system that can detect and classify four kinds of potato tubers diseases; black dot, common scab, potato virus Y and early blight based on their images. The presented PDCNN framework comprises three levels: the pre-processing is first level, which is based on K-means clustering algorithm to detect the infected area from potato image. The second level is features extraction which extracts features from the infected area based on hybrid features: grey level run length matrix and 1st order histogram based features. The attributes that extracted from second level are utilized in third level using FFNN to perform the classification process. The proposed framework is applied to database with different backgrounds, totally 120 color potato images, (80) samples used in training the network and the rest samples (40) used for testing. The proposed PDCNN framework is very effective in classifying four types of potato tubers diseases with 91.3% of efficiency.
Comparison of Some of Estimation methods of Stress-Strength Model: R = P(Y < X < Z)
Authors: Raheem Sairan Hamza , Kalaf Bayda Atiya , Salman Abbas Najim 
Published: June 2021

In this study, the stress-strength model R = P(Y < X < Z) is discussed as an important parts of reliability system by assuming that the random variables follow Invers Rayleigh Distribution. Some traditional estimation methods are used to estimate the parameters namely; Maximum Likelihood, Moment method, and Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased estimator and Shrinkage estimator using three types of shrinkage weight factors. As well as, Monte Carlo simulation are used to compare the estimation methods based on mean squared error criteria.
Numerical Modeling of Independent versus Dependent Tensile -Frictional Strength Behavior of Synthetic Rocks with Non-continuous joints
Authors: Alzo'ubi Abdelkareem , Mughieda Omer , Kewalramani Manish 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The failure mechanisms of non-continuous jointed rocks under compression loading is of great importance for the rock mechanics community; it plays an important role in understanding the fracturing pattern, the type of the fractures, and the strength of the rock mass under investigation. In this paper, the relationship between the tensile and frictional strength of jointed rock samples is investigated by numerical modeling. Previously tested samples were used to simulate the behavior of artificial jointed rock numerically under axial loading by using two strength criteria; the first assumes that tensile failure reduces shear strength parameters to their residual values (dependent behavior, Model 1) and the second assumes that tensile failure will not cause the shear strength parameters to be reduced to their residual values (independent behavior, Model 2). The numerical model, in this paper uses, Mohr-Coulomb shear strength criterion with parameters of cohesion, friction, and tensile strength cut-off as tested in the laboratory. These artificial rock samples contains open-joints with the same inclination but with different bridge’s inclinations of 45°, 60°, and 75°. These samples were tested in the laboratory under incremental uniaxial loading until failure while monitoring displacement and rupturing development. As the stress concentration increased, curvilinear yielding (wing crack) started near or at the joint tips and propagated and stopped or coalesced to form a continuous rupture surface. The numerical model showed that tensile stress concentration caused wing crack initiation due to stress flow around the pre-existing non-persistent open joints. The yielding behavior of the numerical simulations - under the two tensile strength failure criteria - and the laboratory tests shows good agreement for the three samples. However, when the shear strength and tensile strength parameters are independent, the results showed strong and significant agreement between the laboratory tests and the numerical models in terms of the yielding path, width of failure zone, and the uniaxial strength. In this all compressive load environment, stress flow caused tensile stress concentration near the joint tip and according to the results of this paper the tensile yielding should not force the shear strength parameters to go to their residual values.
Investigation of Flight Traffic Arrangement With ICA Colonial Competition Algorithm In Air Traffic Management
Authors: Aghdam Mahdi Yousefzadeh , Tabbakh Seyed Reza Kamel , Chabok Seyed Javad Mahdavi , Kheyrabadi Maryam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Air traffic flow management is one of the most challenging work systems in the world. The issue of aircraft traffic arrangement to prevent interference and flight delays is one of the most important issues in the field of air traffic flow management. In most researches in this field, incoming or outgoing flights are usually dealt with separately and attempts have been made to provide solutions using data mining methods, mathematical problem solving, etc.‌ To solve the problem in this paper, to select the best aircraft ready for operation (landing or takeoff), we use the ICA colonial competition algorithm, which allows selecting aircraft for incoming or outgoing flights, according to various parameters. In designing the system, an attempt has been made to make the symbols more effective in flight, to give proper weight, and to optimize the selection of colonizers according to the lower cost. To evaluate the proposed method, flight data of Mashhad airport were used for testing. The results of the system test indicate better choices for landing or flying aircraft and the acceptable performance of the colonial competition algorithm compared to the latest work done to solve the flights landing and take off sequence problem as an innovative algorithm.
Medical students’ technology use for learning: Contributing factors and self-regulation
Authors: Zheng Binbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: With medical education shifting towards student-centered models, medical students are expected to be self-regulated learners. Advancement in technologies has been suggested to be supportive of students’ self-regulated learning (SRL). There is an urgent need to understand what factors contributed to students’ self-initiated technology use, and how does students’ technology use influence their SRL. Method: This study took place in a midwestern university medical school, which implements a flipped classroom model where students are required to learn independently all the course materials before class. Twenty-six first- and second-year medical students participated in a semi-structured interview about their self-initiated technology use, contributing factors towards technology use, and SRL strategies they adopt in learning. A qualitative description methodology using thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the interview data. Results: Medical students reported the use of four types of technologies for learning: video resources (supporting rehearsal, elaboration and planning), review resources (supporting rehearsal, effort control, and self-assessment), management tools (supporting organization, elaboration, goal-setting, and time management), and social media (supporting help-seeking and effort regulation). Three key determinants of students’ self-initiated technology use were identified, which were: perceived usefulness, subjective norms, and educational compatibility. Conclusions: By probing medical students’ self-initiated technology use, SRL strategies, and determinants of technology use, this study suggested that in self-directed learning environment, medical students used a variety of third-party resources to facilitate learning and develop necessary learning strategies. This study also provided important implications for medical educators and instructional designers to better support students’ effective use of technologies for learning.
Reversible writing/deleting of magnetic skyrmions through hydrogen adsorption/desorption
Authors: Chen Gong , Ophus Colin , Quintana Alberto , Kwon Heeyoung , Won Changyeon , Ding Haifeng , Wu Yizheng , Schmid Andreas , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial spin textures with envisioned applications in energy-efficient magnetic information storage. Toggling the presence of magnetic skyrmions via writing/deleting processes is essential for spintronics applications, which usually require the application of a magnetic or electric field or an electric current. Here we demonstrate the reversible field-free writing/deleting of skyrmions at room temperature, via hydrogen chemisorption/desorption on the surface of Ni and Co films. Supported by Monte-Carlo simulations, the skyrmion creation/annihilation is attributed to the hydrogen-induced magnetic anisotropy change on ferromagnetic surfaces. We also demonstrate the role of hydrogen and oxygen on magnetic anisotropy and skyrmion deletion on other magnetic surfaces. Our results open up new possibilities for designing skyrmionic and magneto-ionic devices.
Efficacy and Safety of Polysaccharide Iron Complex Capsules in Hemodialysis Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Open-Label, Positive Control, Multicenter Trial (IHOPE)
Authors: Lu Renhua , Zhang Xu , Cai Xudong , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Hua , Wang Li , Zhou Yijun , Shen Jianxiao , Liu Qian , Zhang Haifen , Ni Zhaohui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Anemia is one of the main complications of chronic kidney disease especially end-stage renal disease, which includes treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and ferralia, including intravenous and oral iron. However, intravenous iron may pose limitations, such as potential and lethal infusion reactions. Oral iron is mainly composed of divalent iron, which can excessively stimulate the gastrointestinal tract. Iron polysaccharide complex capsules (PIC) is a novel oral iron trivalent supplement with higher iron content and lower gastrointestinal irritation. However, since high-quality evidence-based medicinal support is lacking, it is necessary to conduct clinical studies to further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral PIC in chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: This randomized controlled trial uses an open-label, parallel group design, where the efficacy and safety of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients is evaluated. The experimental group is assigned a conventional drug treatment and PIC and the control group is assigned a conventional drug treatment and sucrose iron injection. The primary endpoint is transferrin saturation (TSAT). Secondary endpoints include hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP), pharmacoeconomic evaluation, quality of life, etc. The treatment will last for 24 weeks with follow-up visit at baseline (within 7 days prior to initial treatment) and weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 after initial treatment. Leading unit of this clinical research is Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 8 well-known hemodialysis centers in Mainland China are included in this study with 186 patients selected through competitive enrollment. Discussion: It is expected that it will provide strong evidence to reveal the clinical efficacy and safety of oral iron in the treatment of chronic renal anemia in MHD patients through this clinical trial.Trial registration: This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx) on March 23rd, 2020. Trial registration number is ChiCTR2000031166.
Preparation and Properties of Floral CaO/ZnO Nanocomposite From Achatina Fulica Snail Shell
Authors: Jiang Qiushi , Han Zhaolian , Yuan Yafeng , Cheng Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, CaO prepared by calcination treatment from abandoned Achatina fulica shell was used as a raw material, and the nano-flower-like CaO/ZnO photocatalytic composite material was prepared through co-precipitation method. SEM study showed ZnO with spindle-like petals in the range of 500-1000 nm grown on the surface of CaO carrier. The mapping image shows that the base component of the nanometer flower is mainly CaO, which is because CaO is not only in the reaction as a carrier, but also creates an alkaline environment in the methanol system, which is advantageous for co-precipitation. UV-vis spectroscopy shows that the visible light absorption of composites has red shifts, besides, PL, EIS and photocurrent test showed that the composites have stronger electronic hole separation capabilities. The visible light degradation test of rhodamine B showed that CaO/ZnO photocatalytic composite could degrade 90% of the pollutants in 25 min, superior to CaO and ZnO, exhibiting recyclability properties, which is a potential candidate with cost-effective and sustainable photocatalysts.
Tool for the Assessment Spiritual Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Sequential Exploratory Study
Authors: bostani zahra , Pourmohammad Mohsen , Safshekan Sahar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe corona crisis, due to its special nature, has caused people to become anxious, and a tendency towards spirituality seems to be essential for achieving peace. The present study aimed to develop a tool to assess spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic.ResultsContent analysis of the data obtained from interviews led to explaining the concept of spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic in four main themes: spiritual care needs, spiritual care characteristics, outcomes of spiritual care, and the challenge of providing spiritual care. The average content validity index of the tool was 0.94. Exploratory factor analysis showed four factors that explained more than 62.83% of the variance. The correlation of spiritual cares scale score for COVID-19 Pandemic with spiritual care tool was (0.86, p <0.001). Measurement of internal consistency showed Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the tool 0.90 and measurement of tool stability showed intra-cluster correlation index at two-week intervals (p <0.001, ICC =0.972). Conclusion﻿Spiritual care tool is a valid and reliable tool, with 38 items to assess the spiritual care after the COVID-19 Pandemic. This tool in accordance with the cultural conditions of Iranian society
Viral coinfection promotes tuberculosis immunopathogenesis
by type I IFN signaling-dependent impediment of Th1 pulmonary influx
Authors: Shin Sung Jae , Kang Tae Gun , Kwon Kee Woong , Kim Kyung Soo , Lee Insuk , Kim Myeong Joon , Ha Sang-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is often exacerbated upon coinfection, but the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, to elucidate these mechanisms, we used a Mtb and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus coinfection model. Viral coinfection significantly suppressed Mtb-specific IFN-γ production, with elevated bacterial loads and hyperinflammation in the lungs. Type I IFN signaling blockade rescued the Mtb-specific IFN-γ response and ameliorated lung immunopathology. Single-cell sequencing, tissue immunofluorescence staining, and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that type I IFN signaling produced in response to viral infection inhibited CXCL9/10 production in myeloid cells, resulting in impaired pulmonary migration of Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells from lymph nodes. Thus, virus coinfection-induced type I IFN signaling prior to the pulmonary localization of Mtb-specific Th1 cells exacerbates TB immunopathogenesis by impeding the Mtb-specific Th1 cell influx. Our study highlights another novel negative role of viral coinfection and/or type I IFNs in delaying Mtb-specific Th1 responses in the lung.
Variability of Ocean Features and their Impact on Cyclogenesis over Arabian Sea During Post Monsoon Season
Authors: Bhowmick suchandra Aich , Mandal Anup 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Arabian Sea (AS), the western sector of North Indian Ocean (NIO) produce smaller number of tropical cyclones as compared to Bay of Bengal. Though limited in numbers, the cyclones over Arabian sea are catastrophic by character. This make west coast of Indian subcontinent vulnerable to these hazards. The post-monsoon cyclogenesis over this region is known to be modulated by both monsoon rainfall and the El-Niño accompanied with positive Indian Ocean Dipole events. No single phenomena, however, can fully explain the variability observed in AS region. In this study, it is observed that apart from several known atmospheric forcings, inter-annual variability of ocean heat content (OHC) influence the post-monsoon AS cyclogenesis. The OHC of this region is partially modulated by the changes in salinity. Heat exchanges between the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) and AS also modulates the OHC over AS. This remote influence is facilitated largely by the variability in the equatorial currents. Further it is seen that the recent trend of increased OHC post-2011 matches with the enhanced sea surface carbon over AS.
Semiquantitative Characterizations And Controlling Factors of Microscopic Pore Characteristics of The Metamorphic Rock Reservoir In The Central Paleo-Uplift Belt, Songliao Basin
Authors: Zeng Zhouqiang , Shan Xuanlong , Hao Guoli , He Wentong , Zheng Changqing , Yi Jian , Guo Jiannan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Currently, metamorphic rock is a common target for oil and gas exploration, and reservoirs are the key factors restricting hydrocarbon exploration and development in metamorphic rocks. The deep metamorphic rock gas reservoir in the central paleo-uplift of the northern Songliao Basin has good exploration and development potential. In this study, we use a combination of qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis to comprehensively analyze the pore characteristics of the reservoir and explore the factors controlling the pore characteristics of the metamorphic rock reservoir in the central paleo-uplift belt of the Songliao Basin. The metamorphic rock reservoir in the central paleo-uplift belt contains three types of lithologies: chlorite schist, mylonite, and mica schist, each with different protoliths and metamorphic histories. The reservoir space can be divided into 4 pore types, and the reservoir space of each lithology is quite different. The results of high-pressure mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption indicate that the pore size distributions of the schist and mylonite differ. Compared with the schist, the mylonite has less reservoir space, stronger homogeneity, larger pore size, smaller specific surface area, more natural gas reservoir space and stronger natural gas adsorption capacity. This paper also studies the formation process of the reservoir and divides it into four stages. Finally, this article discusses in detail the factors controlling the microscopic pore characteristics of metamorphic rock reservoirs in the central paleo-uplift belt; the metamorphic rock protolith is the most important controlling factor.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithm to Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Mirzaei Narmin , Mostadaei Shayan , Najafi Farid , Darbandi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. Early detection of the MetS by valid and available indicators can help prevent, control and reduce its complications. This study aims to identify of most important anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional indices for predicting MetS.
Methods

This study conducted on 9,602 participants from baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study including of adults aged 35–65 years. The reference model for MetS was considered according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. We used a wrapper algorithm and area under ROC curve (AUC) for selection and assessing most important predictors of MetS.
Results

The importance value (IV) for components of the models for prediction of MetS was confirmed, before implementing the models. Identified model with components of age, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic-diastolic blood pressure (SBP-DBP), triglyceride (TG), hip circumference (HC) and AUC of 0.893 (95% CI: 0.884–0.902) for men and 0.867 (95% CI: 0.853–0.881) for women was a strongest model for predictive of MetS risk. The AUC (95% CI) for non-invasive model was 0.756 (0.746–0.766) in total population has a good predictive power for MetS risk with components of age, WC, BMI, SBP, DBP.
Conclusion

This study demonstrated that in addition to aggressive models, models non-invasive (anthropometric indices, blood pressure and energy intake) can be also a good and convenience screening tool to predict the MetS. The models, in addition to the application of clinical diagnosis, can be widely used in researches on large populations.