bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camelina sativaComposition, Attributes, and Applications: A Review
Authors: Mondor Martin , Hernández‐Álvarez Alan Javier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCamelina sativaseeds are rich in oil (30–49%) and protein (24–31%). They contain ω‐3 acids, ω‐6 acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds, among others. From an agricultural perspective, growing of this crop is of interest due to its short growth cycle and low fertilizer and water input requirements. Camelina is also tolerant to cold and drought and is consequently well adapted to grow in semiarid regions. Camelina is mainly cultivated for its oil in Europe and North America. In this review, the processes applied for camelina oil extraction, composition, and attributes, as well as the food and nonfood applications of camelina oil are reviewed. Applications include animal feed, functional foods, materials, biofuels, and agrochemicals. Valorization of the camelina protein found in the meal after the oil extraction is also discussed.Practical Applications: The need to develop an integrated process consisting of a degumming step to extract the mucilage from the whole camelina seeds, followed by an oil extraction step, and finally by a protein extraction step is highlighted. There is also a need to develop food applications of camelina oil. More research works should also focus on the utilization of camelina oil in food applications and in specialty applications such as functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications.
Bootstrap VAR forecasts: The effect of model uncertainties
Authors: Fresoli Diego 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVAR models are popular to forecast macroeconomic time series. However, the model, the parameters, and the error distribution are rarely known without uncertainty, so bootstrap methods are applied to deal with these sources of uncertainties. In this paper, the performance of the popular forecast Bonferroni cubes based on the Gaussian method and variants of the bootstrap procedure that incorporate error distribution, parameter uncertainty, bias correction, and lag order uncertainty are compared. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the best performance of bootstrap cubes are obtained when the parameter uncertainty is considered, being the bias and model uncertainties important for long‐run forecast regions in persistent VAR models. Similar conclusions are found in an empirical application based on a four variate system containing US monthly percent changes of the industrial production index, the S&P500 stock market index, its dividend yield, and the unemployment rate.
From letters to composed concepts: A magnetoencephalography study of reading
Authors: Flick Graham , Abdullah Osama , Pylkkänen Liina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLanguage comprehension requires the recognition of individual words and the combination of their meanings to yield complex concepts or interpretations. This combinatory process often requires the insertion of unstated semantic material between words, based on thematic or feature knowledge. For example, the phrase horse barn is not interpreted as a blend of a horse and a barn, but specifically a barn where horses are kept. Previous neuroscientific evidence suggests that left posterior and anterior temporal cortex underpin thematic and feature‐based concept knowledge, respectively, but much remains unclear about how these areas contribute to combinatory language processing. Using magnetoencephalography, we contrasted source‐localized responses to modifier‐noun phrases involving thematic relations versus feature modifications, while also examining how lower‐level orthographic processing fed composition. Participants completed three procedures examining responses to letter‐strings, adjective‐noun phrases, and noun–noun combinations that varied the semantic relations between words. We found that sections of the left anterior temporal lobe, posterior temporal lobe, and cortex surrounding the angular gyrus were all engaged in the minimal composition of adjective‐noun phrases, a more distributed network than in most prior studies of minimal composition. Of these regions, only the left posterior temporal lobe was additionally sensitive to implicit thematic relations between composing words, suggesting that it houses a specialized relational processing component in a wider composition network. We additionally identified a left occipitotemporal progression from orthographic to lexical processing, feeding ventral anterior areas engaged in the combination of word meanings. Finally, by examining source signal leakage, we characterized the degree to which these responses could be distinguished from one another using source estimation.
Comparison of traveling‐subject and ComBat harmonization methods for assessing structural brain characteristics
Authors: Maikusa Norihide , Zhu Yinghan , Uematsu Akiko , Yamashita Ayumu , Saotome Kousaku , Okada Naohiro , Kasai Kiyoto , Okanoya Kazuo , Yamashita Okito , Tanaka Saori C. , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultisite magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in clinical research and development. Measurement biases—caused by site differences in scanner/image‐acquisition protocols—negatively influence the reliability and reproducibility of image‐analysis methods. Harmonization can reduce bias and improve the reproducibility of multisite datasets. Herein, a traveling‐subject (TS) dataset including 56 T1‐weighted MRI scans of 20 healthy participants in three different MRI procedures—20, 19, and 17 subjects in Procedures 1, 2, and 3, respectively—was considered to compare the reproducibility of TS‐GLM, ComBat, and TS‐ComBat harmonization methods. The minimum participant count required for harmonization was determined, and the Cohen's d between different MRI procedures was evaluated as a measurement‐bias indicator. The measurement‐bias reduction realized with different methods was evaluated by comparing test–retest scans for 20 healthy participants. Moreover, the minimum subject count for harmonization was determined by comparing test–retest datasets. The results revealed that TS‐GLM and TS‐ComBat reduced measurement bias by up to 85 and 81.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, ComBat showed a reduction of only 59.0%. At least 6 TSs were required to harmonize data obtained from different MRI scanners, complying with the imaging protocol predetermined for multisite investigations and operated with similar scan parameters. The results indicate that TS‐based harmonization outperforms ComBat for measurement‐bias reduction and is optimal for MRI data in well‐prepared multisite investigations. One drawback is the small sample size used, potentially limiting the applicability of ComBat. Investigation on the number of subjects needed for a large‐scale study is an interesting future problem.
Applicability of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for minimal residual disease monitoring in Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Ansuinelli Michela , Della Starza Irene , Lauretti Alessia , Elia Loredana , Siravo Veronica , Messina Monica , De Novi Lucia Anna , Taherinasab Akram , Canichella Martina , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin , Chiaretti Sabina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL), minimal residual disease (MRD) is the most relevant prognostic factor. Currently, its evaluation is based on quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐RT‐PCR). Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) was successfully applied to several haematological malignancies. We analyzed 98 samples from 40 Ph+ ALL cases, the majority enrolled in the GIMEMA LAL2116 trial: 10 diagnostic samples and 88 follow‐up samples, mostly focusing on positive non‐quantifiable (PNQ) or negative samples by Q‐RT‐PCR to investigate the value of ddPCR for MRD monitoring. DdPCR BCR/ABL1 assay showed good sensitivity and accuracy to detect low levels of transcripts, with a high rate of reproducibility. The analysis of PNQ or negative cases by Q‐RT‐PCR revealed that ddPCR increased the proportion of quantifiable samples (p < 0.0001). Indeed, 29/54 PNQ samples (53.7%) proved positive and quantifiable by ddPCR, whereas 13 (24.1%) were confirmed as PNQ by ddPCR and 12 (22.2%) proved negative. Among 24 Q‐RT‐PCR‐negative samples, 13 (54.1%) were confirmed negative, four (16.7%) resulted PNQ and seven (29.2%) proved positive and quantifiable by ddPCR. Four of 5 patients, evaluated at different time points, who were negative by Q‐RT‐PCR and positive by ddPCR experienced a relapse. DdPCR appears useful for MRD monitoring in adult Ph+ ALL.
Health halo or genuine product development: Are better‐for‐you alcohol products actually healthier?
Authors: Keric Danica , Myers Gael , Stafford Julia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIssue addressedAlcoholic products marketed as better‐for‐you is an emerging trend in Australia that has received limited research attention to date. This study aimed to examine the nutrient profiles of alcoholic products marketed as better‐for‐you that are available in the Australian market.MethodsWe extracted the details of alcoholic product announcements published on the Drinks Trade website in 2019 and 2020 containing at least one keyword used to promote better‐for‐you products. The alcohol, energy, carbohydrate and sugar content of each product was recorded and assessed against existing classifications for alcohol strength and sugar and carbohydrate content.ResultsWe identified 144 products promoted as better‐for‐you. The majority of products (85%, n = 122) were classified as full‐strength, and the median alcohol content across each alcohol product category was classified as full‐strength. Most of the energy content came from alcohol, with 62% of products deriving at least 75% of their energy content from alcohol.ConclusionsAlcoholic products marketed as better‐for‐you appear to rely on an illusion of healthfulness, without addressing the ingredient of most concern to health, the alcohol content.So what?Controls on alcohol marketing should be expanded to limit the use of health and nutrient claims. Mandatory labelling of alcoholic products with nutrition information would support consumers to be better informed about the contents of alcoholic products.
Postpartum hemorrhage: Moving from response to prevention for Alaska Native mothers
Authors: Hadley Megan E. , Day Gretchen , Beans Julie A. , Groen Reinou S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in a population of Alaska Native women.MethodsA case‐control study of 384 women (128 cases, 256 controls) delivering between August 1, 2018, and July 31, 2019, was conducted at a Level III maternal referral center for Alaska Native women in Alaska. Risk factors were assessed via retrospective chart review, and bivariate and conditional regression analyses were conducted to determine odds ratios (ORs) between women with and without postpartum hemorrhage.ResultsBody mass index ≥40 (OR 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–4.5), antepartum bleeding (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.2–31.6), previous postpartum hemorrhage (OR 5, 95% CI 2.6–9.8), suspected macrosomia (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4–5.3), macrosomia with birthweight ≥4000 g (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8–5.3), pre‐eclampsia with magnesium sulfate (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.0–8.0), length of third stage of labor >20 min (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.4), oxytocin use >12 h (OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.0–14.6), residence in a rural community (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.6), and vitamin D supplementation (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.6) were associated with greater risk of postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionAnalysis of clinical and geographic risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Alaska Native women identified important targets for prevention.
Cross‐platform comparison of next‐generation sequencing and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for detecting KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations in cfDNA from metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Huang Fei , Cao Minlu , Chen Xinning , Wang Hao , Jiang Huiqin , Yu Yiyi , Shen Minna , Yang Yihui , Wang Beili , Liu Tianshu , Guo Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundExamining tumor KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA status in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is essential for treatment selection and prognosis evaluation. Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma is a feasible source for tumor gene analysis.MethodsIn this study, we recruited mCRC patients and analyzed their KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA status in cfDNA using two platforms, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF). The performance between the two platforms and the concordance rate between cfDNA and tissue were analyzed. The relationship between cfDNA‐related variables and clinical variables was also assessed. Tumor mutations in cfDNA from patients receiving continuous treatments were monitored in the follow‐ups.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing and MALDI‐TOF had similar specificity (100.0% vs. 99.3%) and negative predictive value (99.9% vs. 99.4%), whereas NGS had higher sensitivity (97.1% vs. 85.3% of MALDI‐TOF) and positive predictive value (100% vs. 82.9% of MALDI‐TOF). The overall concordance rate of NGS and MALDI‐TOF was 98.6%. For the reportable types of mutations in both cfDNA and tissue, the concordance rate was 96.1%. Among 28 tissue‐positive patients, the allele frequencies of tumor mutations in cfDNA were higher in patients with primary tumor burden (p = 0.0141). Both CEA and CA 19‐9 were positively correlated with cfDNA concentration (r = 0.3278 and r = 0.3992). The allele frequencies of tumor mutations changed with disease progression.ConclusionsNext‐generation sequencing showed slightly better performance in detecting cfDNA mutations and was more suitable for clinical practice. cfDNA‐related variables reflected the tumor status and showed a promising potential in monitoring disease progression.
IL‐23/IL‐17 axis and soluble receptors isoforms sIL‐23R and sIL‐17RA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis‐presenting periodontitis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Montaño Ruth , Bernard‐Medina Ana Guilaisne , Oregon‐Romero Edith , Martínez‐Rodríguez Vianeth María del Carmen , Pita‐López María Luisa , Gómez‐Meda Belinda Claudia , Guerrero‐Velázquez Celia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (P) are chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by joint and radiographic bone loss, respectively. IL‐23 and IL‐17 have an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of RA, and P. IL‐23 stimulates Th17 cells through which produces IL‐17, IL‐21, and RANKL. IL‐17 stimulates fibroblasts to produce RANKL, which initiates bone loss in the joints in RA and the periodontal tissue in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern of IL‐23/IL‐17 axis and soluble receptors isoforms sIL‐23R and sIL‐17RA of patients with RA presenting P (RAP).Material and methodsHealthy subjects (HS) (n = 42), patients with P (n = 40), RA (n = 20), and patients with RAP (n = 40) were included. Plasma samples were obtained to evaluate the IL‐23, IL‐17A, sIL‐23R, and sIL‐17RA by ELISA technique. A nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups. A Chi‐square was used to compare gender, grade and stage of periodontitis, and DAS28‐ESR between the groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to study the association between the molecules and clinical parameters.ResultsIL‐23 levels were increased in the RAP group, and lower sIL‐23R levels were found in the RAP groups. However, IL‐17A was lower in the P and RAP group but not in RA patients. RAP group showed a decrease IL‐17A levels in advanced stages of the periodontal disease.ConclusionThese results suggest that IL‐23 and IL‐17A tend to downregulate their expression patterns when patients present both rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.
Mental health and wellness in Canadian dental schools: Findings from a national study
Authors: Maragha Tala , Donnelly Leeann , Schuetz Christian , von Bergmann HsingChi , Brondani Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo survey the mental health and wellbeing content in the curricula, services, and activities of the 10 Canadian dental schools, and to explore the specifics of this area in the Faculty of Dentistry (FoD) at The University of British Columbia (UBC).MethodsAn electronic survey consisted of four major categories: curricular activities and services, structural approaches, infrastructural approaches, and evaluation methods, was distributed to all Canadian dental schools. A situational analysis was conducted at UBC's FoD via document appraisal and key informants’ exploratory interviews.ResultsEight dental schools responded to the survey showing that didactic sessions being the pedagogical method to deliver resilience content. None of the responding schools reported formally evaluating their mental health content. Through situational analysis, a relational map that identified four major areas contributing to students’ mental health at UBC's FoD was generated which includes four major aspects: (1) curricular content on mental health, (2) informal wellbeing and mental health networks, (3) protective, and (4) risk factors influencing students’ mental health.ConclusionsAs this study described the mental health and wellbeing activities, services, and curricular content across multiple Canadian dental schools, the diverse approaches each school adopted and how personal and professional aspects of students’ lives being attempted to be addressed are a critical starting point to engage educators in dentistry. The situational analysis outcome, where a detailed description of the mental health situation at UBC's FoD, can be used to guide in‐depth studies of the area of wellbeing at other dental schools.
Holes in the spinous processes of woolly mammoth vertebrae: spatial and temporal distribution, and the causes of pathology formation
Authors: Leshchinskiy Sergey V. , Kuzmin Yaroslav V. , Boudin Mathieu , Amon Leeli 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe latest data on holes in the spinous processes of the vertebrae of woolly mammoths, a rare pathology, are presented. This was identified at 19 sites of northern Eurasia. Such destructive changes are recorded ca. 34–12k 14C a bp, and only two sites dated to >50k and >41k 14C a bp. The main hypotheses about hole formation are: vertebral abnormalities; bone infections; genetic traits; and unfavourable geochemical environment. The pathology occurred in mammoths of all age groups, and could have arisen at the embryonic stage. There are two types: classic holes associated with osteolytic changes; and very rarely tumour‐like lesions. The most likely cause of the lesions is alimentary osteodystrophy caused by chronic mineral starvation. The aetiology of this disease is usually associated with a deficiency or excess of macro‐ and microelements in the geochemical landscape, and through forage and water this leads to a severe metabolic disorder. Analysis of palaeopathological data shows two waves of geochemical stress in animals, ca. 26–18k and ca. 16–12k 14C a bp. Therefore, the woolly mammoth extinction can be viewed as a non‐linear function, with two peaks of high mortality corresponding to the Last Glacial Maximum and the Lateglacial.
Impact of katabatic winds on the environment of Neanderthals during the Middle Palaeolithic in westernmost Europe
Authors: Lefort Jean‐Pierre , Monnier Jean‐Laurent , Renouf John , Danukalova Guzel 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCompilation of the offshore and onshore altitudinal limits of the loess deposits of western France and southern England shows that they were deposited by low‐level wind fields. These relate to (i) the deflation of silt‐rich sediment extracted from the outwash plains of the not far distant British–Irish Ice Sheet and from the palaeo‐rivers of the Channel, and (ii) the existence of north and north‐western palaeo‐winds deduced from particle size analysis and heavy mineral distribution, and suggest (iii) that loess particles were transported by strong katabatic winds blowing from the northern ice‐covered regions towards Brittany and Normandy. Comparison between the main orientation of Neanderthal shelters and the direction of the katabatic winds shows that they were perpendicular to each other. The dominant orientation of the shelters was apparently ruled by these winds. A small‐scale study concentrating on the penultimate glaciation shows that in contrast to Brittany and Normandy where loess deposits accumulated on north‐facing cliffs, in England the same particles were deposited on the leeside of the hills. The existence of deflation zones, violently swept by Marine Isotope Stage 6 katabatic winds south of the British–Irish ice sheet, was probably at the origin of the restricted number of Neanderthals at that time in England. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fatty acid salts on fermentation characteristics, bacterial diversity and aerobic stability of mixed silage prepared with alfalfa, rice straw and wheat bran
Authors: Mu Lin , Wang Qinglan , Cao Xin , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective was to determine effects of potassium diformate (PD), sodium diacetate (SD) and calcium propionate (CAP) on dynamics of microbial community, fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of silage comprised of a mixture of alfalfa (AF), rice straw (RS) and wheat bran (MF). Treatments included control (C), PD [5.5 g kg–1 fresh weight (FW)], SD (7 g kg–1 FW), and CAP (10 g kg–1 FW), which were ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days in vacuum‐sealed polythene bags.RESULTSAfter day 1 of ensiling, the most dominant bacterial species in all silages was Weissella cibaria, whereas Lactobacillus parabrevis, L. nodensis, L. plantarum and L. paralimentarius were dominant species after 5 and 15 days of ensiling, and ultimately Pseudomonas putida and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia became dominant after 45 days. The positive correlation between PD and L. plantarum supported the lowest pH, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose content, and high water‐soluble carbohydrates and crude protein content in PD silage. In addition, SD and CAP enriched the abundance of L. parabrevis and mainly increased lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA). CAP increased abundance of L. acetotolerans after 45 days of ensiling with more LA and AA than other treatments.CONCLUSIONSThe succession of the bacterial community of mixed silage was modulated by the three fatty acid salts; furthermore, PD and CAP further improved fermentation quality by accelerating the decrease in pH and the increase in LA. The chemical additives prolonged the aerobic stability more than 16 days. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.