bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing micropropagation conditions for a recalcitrant ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius L. maxim.) cultivar
Authors: Jagiełło-Kubiec K. , Nowakowska K. , Ilczuk A. , Łukaszewska A. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNinebark is a very popular ornamental shrub. Micropropagation is an efficient method for mass production of uniform plant material. This study was designed to develop and optimize conditions at all phases of ninebark micropropagation. For the multiplication stage, the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium at full concentration and pH 5.8 was chosen as the basal medium. Sorbitol proved a more effective carbohydrate source than fructose, with no adverse effects on shoot vitrification or the medium itself. The best shoot production, both in number and length, was on the medium enriched with 2 and 3 mg·L−1 zeatin. High numbers of shoots were also obtained in treatments with 1 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) or 2 mg·L−1 meta-Topolin (mT) in the basal medium. BA was the most cost-effective cytokinin. There was a positive effect of the gibberellic acid on proliferation: the highest shoot number per explant was produced in the presence of 1 mg·L−1 GA3. No effect of the culture age (up to 20 subcultures) on the percentage of regenerating explants was evident, and the highest numbers of shoots were obtained between passages 10 and 17. For rooting, the MS medium at half strength was used. The best rooting was at 1 mg·L−1 IBA. Spraying the in vitro rooted cuttings with abscisic acid (ABA) favored plant acclimation to the ex vitro conditions. Exvitro rooting, including the treatments with IBA and ABA, shortened the production time by approximately one third.
The Complex Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Depression: a National Nested-Control Study
Authors: Arhi Chanpreet Singh , Dudley Roise , Moussa Osama , Ardissino Maddalena , Scholtz Samantha , Purkayastha Sanjay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Although bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce weight loss and obesity-related conditions, an improvement in depression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether bariatric surgery is associated with a resolution of depression, and the prevention of its onset.

Method
Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 who had undergone bariatric surgery were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), matched 5:1 to controls. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk of developing de novo depression. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared the proportion of patients with no further consultations related to depression between the two groups.

Results
In total, 3534 patients who underwent surgery, of which 2018 (57%) had pre-existing depression, were matched to 15,480 controls. Cox proportional hazard modelling demonstrated surgery was associated with a HR of 1.50 (95% CI 1.32–1.71, p < 0.005) for developing de novo depression. For those with pre-existing depression, by 5 years, just over 20% of post-surgical patients had no further depression episodes compared with 17% of controls.

Conclusion
In individuals with a history of depression, bariatric surgery is associated with an improvement in mental health. On the contrary, the finding of increased de novo diagnoses of depression following surgery indicates the need for further study of the mechanisms by which bariatric surgery is associated with depression in this subset of patients.
A comparative cross-sectional study on sleep quality in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and its correlation with quality of life
Authors: Teliti Marsida , Monti Eleonora , Comina Martina , Conte Lucia , Vera Lara , Gay Stefano , Saccomani Giorgia , Ferone Diego , Giusti Massimo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate sleep quality in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients and correlate sleep disturbances with quality of life (QoL).

Methods
119 DTC patients were enrolled (DTC group). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) inventories were administered. The Thyroid-specific Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaire, the Billewicz scale (BS) and an ad-hoc visual analogic scale (VAS) were used to measure QoL and subjective therapy-related complaints. The same examinations were conducted in 53 subjects (control group) who had undergone surgery for benign thyroid pathology.

Results
L-T4 dosages and TSH levels differed between the groups. BS and VAS scores were comparable. PSQI documented a similar percentage of poor sleepers in the DTC (74%) and control (62%) groups. ISI showed no difference in subjects without clinically significant insomnia: DTC (43%) and controls (48%). ThyPRO showed significantly worse scores in DTC than control subjects. In DTC patients, PSQI (P = 0.002) and ISI (P = 0.04) correlated significantly with age. In control subjects, TSH displayed a significant positive association with PSQI (P = 0.02) and ISI (P < 0.05). The ThyPRO general score correlated significantly with PSQI in DTC patients. In both groups, ISI correlated significantly with several ThyPRO scales and the ThyPRO general score. “Anxiety” and “emotional susceptibility” were the scales most significantly related with PSQI and ISI.

Conclusion
In disease-free DTC patients and subjects who undergo thyroid surgery for benign pathology, abnormal sleep components and insomnia are similar. The ThyPRO questionnaire closely reflects sleep disturbances in all subjects. Recognising and treating sleep disturbances might improve QoL.
Sharing primary percutaneous coronary intervention care: first experiences with South Limburg ST-elevation myocardial infarction network
Authors:   South Limburg Interventional Cardiology Group, the Netherlands, Lux A. , Vainer J. , Theunissen R. A. L. J. , Veenstra L. F. , Kasperski I. , Gho B. C. G. , Stein M. , Ilhan M. , Ruiters A. W. , Winkler P. J. C. , van Beurden A. , Dohmen W. , Rasoul S. , van ’t Hof A. W. J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In the region of South Limburg, the Netherlands, a shared ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networking system (SLIM network) was implemented. During out-of-office hours, two percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres—Maastricht University Medical Centre and Zuyderland Medical Centre—are supported by the same interventional cardiologist. The aim of this study was to analyse performance indicators within this network and to compare them with contemporary European Society of Cardiology guidelines.

Methods
Key time indicators for an all-comer STEMI population were registered by the emergency medical service and the PCI centres. The time measurements showed a non-Gaussian distribution; they are presented as median with 25th and 75th percentiles.

Results
Between 1 February 2018 and 31 March 2019, a total of 570 STEMI patients were admitted to the participating centres. The total system delay (from emergency call to needle time) was 65 min (53–77), with a prehospital system delay of 40 min (34–47) and a door-to-needle time of 22 min (15–34). Compared with in-office hours, out-of-office hours significantly lengthened system delays (55 (47–66) vs 70 min (62–81), p < 0.001), emergency medical service transport times (29 (24–34) vs 35 min (29–40), p < 0.001) and door-to-needle times (17 (14–26) vs 26 min (18–37), p < 0.001).

Conclusions
With its effective patient pathway management, the SLIM network was able to meet the quality criteria set by contemporary European revascularisation guidelines.
Morphometric analysis and prioritization of upper Benue River watershed, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Odiji Caleb Akoji , Aderoju Olaide Monsor , Eta Joseph Bisong , Shehu Idris , Mai-Bukar Adama , Onuoha Hilda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe upper Benue River watershed is undergoing remarkable modifications due to man-made and natural phenomena. Hence, an evaluation is required to understand the hydrological process of the watershed for planning and management strategies. This study aimed to assess the morphometric characteristics and prioritize the upper Benue River watershed. The boundary of the watershed and sub-watersheds, as well as stream networks, was extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with hydrological and topographic maps. Twenty-eight morphometric parameters under three categories, i.e. linear, areal, and relief aspects were computed and mapped. Findings from the study revealed that the watershed is a seventh stream order system characterized by a dendritic drainage pattern. The result also showed that 4821 streams were extracted with a cumulative length of 30,232.84 km. The hypsometric integral of the watershed was estimated to be 0.22, indicating that it is in the old stage. In the prioritization of the watershed, the morphometric variables were utilized to calculate and classify the compound factor. The result showed that sub-watersheds 12, 16, 18, 24, 26, and 27 were ranked as very high priority for which conservation measures are required to mitigate the risk of flood and erosion. The outcome of this study can be used by decision-makers for sustainable watershed management and planning.
Polynomial ring representations of endomorphisms of exterior powers
Authors: Behzad Ommolbanin , Contiero André , Gatto Letterio , Martins Renato Vidal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn explicit description of the ring of the rational polynomials in r indeterminates as a representation of the Lie algebra of the endomorphisms of the k-th exterior power of a countably infinite-dimensional vector space is given. Our description is based on results by Laksov and Throup concerning the symmetric structure of the exterior power of a polynomial ring. Our results are based on approximate versions of the vertex operators occurring in the celebrated bosonic vertex representation, due to Date, Jimbo, Kashiwara and Miwa, of the Lie algebra of all matrices of infinite size, whose entries are all zero but finitely many.
Technological and social networks of a pastoralist artificial society: agent-based modeling of mobility patterns
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Juan Miguel , Schickhoff Meike , Sengupta Shubhankar , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the advantages of simulation to raise the question of how digital and social networks affect the mobility in a pastoralist artificial society in the context of environmental degradation. We aim to explore mechanisms and develop scenarios, which are going to be validated through further research. We use a model of a simple pastoralist society in a world without borders to migration by adding the possibility of experiencing the effects of social structures (such as family and friends) and technological networks (e.g., social media). It appears obvious that pastoralist mobility depends on other dimensions as land tenure and traditional knowledge; however, isolating these two effects and experimenting in a simple society allow us to filter the multidimensionality of mobility decisions and concentrate on comparing scenarios in several different social structures and technological network combinations. The results show an expected behavior of more connection and more mobility, and a non-linear emergent behavior where pastoralists wait for a longer amount of time to mobilize when they interact using powerful social and technological networks. This occurs until they decide to move, and then, they mobilize more quickly and strongly than they did when communication was non-existent between them. The literature on migration explains this emergent non-linear behavior.
Growth mechanism and motion trajectory of lazy “S” in friction stir welding joint of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang Hang , Sun Yu-meng , Gong Wen-biao , Cui Heng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSamples of 4-mm-thick 6082-T6 aluminum alloy were subjected to friction stir welding (FSW), and the different lazy “S” morphology of joint cross section and weld surface was obtained corresponding to five groups' welding parameters. Based on the diffusion and kinetics equation of the oxygen–aluminum interface film, a vortex current model of lazy “S” motion trajectory composed of (A → B → C → D → E) five points which was affected thermomechanical action by temperature field, non-Newtonian fluid and stress field was provided. It was found that the oxygen–aluminum interface film theory not only explained the growth mechanism of lazy “S” and the phenomenon that the lazy “S” on the weld surface disappeared as the welding speed increases, but also clarified the reason why there is no significant difference in cross-section lazy “S” width. In addition, the vortex current model of the accumulation area at the back of the stirring tool illustrated the regularity of the movement trajectory forming of the cross-section lazy “S” and the variation of the position of the lazy “S” of the weld surface deviated from the weld centerline.
Immersed boundary method for MHD unsteady natural convection around a hot elliptical cylinder in a cold rhombus enclosure filled with a nanofluid
Authors: Hosseinjani Ali Akbar , Roohi Amir H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the numerical investigation of the natural convection heat transfer around a hot elliptical cylinder inside a cold rhombus enclosure filled with a nanofluid in the presence of a uniform magnetic field is conducted. An immersed boundary method as a computational tool has been extended and applied to solve the problem. The influence of various parameters such as cylinder diameters (a, b), Hartmann number (Ha = 0, 50 and 100), nanofluid volume fraction ($$\varphi = 0 , 2.5\% and 5\%$$

φ
=
0
,
2.5
%
a
n
d
5
%

), and Rayleigh number (Ra = 103, 104, 105, 106, and 107) has been studied. Streamlines and isotherms contours as well as average Nusselt number have been specified for different modes. An equation for the average Nusselt number as a function of mentioned parameters is presented in this paper. The results show that at lower Ra numbers of Ra = 103 and 104, the magnetic field effect is negligible. However, at higher Rayleigh numbers, the average Nusselt number (Nuave) decreases with the increasing Ha number. The maximum decrease in Nuave at Ra = 105, 106 and 107are calculated −8.15%, −23.4% and −27.3%, respectively. An asymmetry-unsteady flow is observed at $${\text{Ra}} = 10^{7}$$

Ra
=

10
7

for Ha = 0. However, at higher Ha numbers a steady-symmetrical flow is formed.
State consistence of data-driven reduced order models for parametric aeroelastic analysis
Authors: Krolick William C. , Shu Jung I. , Wang Yi , Pant Kapil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the state consistence of parametric data-driven reduced order models (ROMs) in a state-space form obtained by various system identification methods, including autoregressive exogenous (ARX) and subspace identification (N4SID), for aeroelastic analysis in varying flight conditions. The target flight envelop is first partitioned into discrete grid points, on each of which an aerodynamic ROM is constructed using system identification to capture the dependence of the generalized aerodynamic force on the generalized displacement of structural modes. High-fidelity aeroelastic modal perturbation simulations are used to generate the ROM training and verification data. Aerodynamic ROMs not on the grid point are obtained by interpolating those at neighboring grid points. Through a thorough analysis of the model coefficients and pole migration, it is found that only the ARX-based aerodynamic ROM preserves the state consistence, and hence, allowing direct interpolation of system matrices at the non-grid point and rapid aerodynamic ROM database development in the entire flight parameter space. In contrast, N4SID-based ROM destroys the state consistence and yields physically meaningless results when ROMs are interpolated. The origin of the difference in the state consistence caused by both methods is also discussed. The interpolated ARX aerodynamic ROMs coupled with the structural ROM for parametric aeroelastic analysis exhibit excellent agreement with the high fidelity full order model (mostly <5% relative error) and salient computational efficiency.
Optimization of Cutting Parameters Affecting Surface Roughness in Turning of Inconel 625 Superalloy by Cryogenically Treated Tungsten Carbide Inserts
Authors: Akgün Mahir , Demir Halil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on developing the mathematical model of surface roughness (Ra) in the turning of Inconel 625 superalloy with cryogenically treated tungsten carbide inserts. The influence of cryogenic treated on the microstructure and hardness of tungsten carbide tools was also investigated for the as-received inserts and deep cryogenic treatment at − 196 °C for 12, 24, and 36 h conditions. Turning experiments have been performed according to an orthogonal array L16 with three parameters (cutting tool, feed rate, cutting speed) at different levels with a 1 mm depth of cut. The ideal cutting tool and cutting parameters were evaluated in terms of the surface roughness (Ra). Analysis of Variance has been applied to determine the percentage of each cutting factor. It has been observed that the cutting speed has a maximum with 66.28% contribution on Ra. The best optimal turning parameters are obtained as A3B3C1 according to S/N ration. The mathematical model of Ra has been developed by regression analysis. The developed model is tested with verification experiments and found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
α-Si3N4 and Si2N2O whiskers from rice husk and industrial rice husk ash
Authors: Parrillo A. , Sánchez G. , Alles A. Bologna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRice industrialization worldwide generates significant amounts of rice husk as a by-product. When rice husk is burned to obtain energy, a relatively common practice, a substantial portion of the husk turns into ash, and both constitute environmental liabilities. Using rice husk and ash as starting materials to produce high-value products could help in mitigating the environmental impact while providing economic revenue. Rice husk and rice husk ash as produced in a local cogeneration plant without any pretreatments were evaluated as feasible sources for silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon oxynitride (Si2N2O) whiskers by carbothermal reduction and nitridation. Rice husk and the ash were held at temperatures between 1200 and 1400 °C for 3 h under flowing nitrogen. Increasing soaking temperature values led to higher whisker development for both starting materials, with the best results observed at 1400 °C. Whereas α-silicon nitride whiskers were obtained when rice husk was employed, the graphite surface-to-ash ratio dictated whisker composition for the ash. Treatment of the ash at the soaking temperature value of 1400 °C led to silicon oxynitride for lower graphite surface-to-ash ratios, but when this ratio was increased, α-silicon nitride predominated. α-silicon nitride whiskers had cross sections ranging from about 100 nm to 1 µm in width, whereas the silicon oxynitride whiskers had cross sections ranging from approx. 100 to 500 nm in diameter. Both types of whiskers were observed to be in the millimeter length range.
Evaluating the Effect of Inert Recruiting on Blood Donations Immediately After the Consecutive Earthquakes
Authors: Lu Shih-Chien , Kuo Sau-Wei , Ku Chih-Hung , Chin Li-Te 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:Disasters can have impact on the demand and supply of blood, with such a difficult perspective, planning of an appropriate response to counterbalance the need for blood is of paramount importance. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate how the impact of blood imbalances may be absorbed by inert recruitment of donors during 2 life-threatening earthquakes that shook Taiwan on the same date in 2016 and 2018.Method:A retrospective database search from blood bank registries was developed.Results:Despite the public efforts to restrain the flow, a 3- to 4-fold increase in volunteers responded to the earthquakes. This surge alleviated after a day and did not contribute to sub-par collections. Those who donated more than usual immediately after the event were identified as first-time, younger, and female populations. The hospitals providing inpatient care to the injured transfused a slightly decreased amount of packed red cells, whereas the use of whole blood, platelets, and plasma remained stable. The inert recruiting was effective in reducing the duration of donor overabundance.Conclusion:Compared with other examples, the inert recruiting approach was effective in reducing the duration of donor overabundance to 1 day and may be useful for disaster preparedness of transfusion supplies.
RECURSIVE AXIOMATISATIONS FROM SEPARATION PROPERTIES
Authors: EGROT ROB 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe define a fragment of monadic infinitary second-order logic corresponding to an abstract separation property. We use this to define the concept of a separation subclass. We use model theoretic techniques and games to show that separation subclasses whose axiomatisations are recursively enumerable in our second-order fragment can also be recursively axiomatised in their original first-order language. We pin down the expressive power of this formalism with respect to first-order logic, and investigate some questions relating to decidability and computational complexity. As applications of these results, by showing that certain classes can be straightforwardly defined as separation subclasses, we obtain first-order axiomatisability results for these classes. In particular we apply this technique to graph colourings and a class of partial algebras arising from separation logic.
The Sky above and the Mud below: Two Books about Steve Jobs
Authors: Tedlow Richard S. 
Published: February 2021

Steve Jobs was the most charismatic businessperson in the modern era. When he died, on October 5, 2011, Apple was inundated with condolence messages from all over the United States and from around the world. These notes were sent not only to Apple headquarters in Cupertino, California, but to Apple retail stores. The stores posted them on their windows. In addition, bouquets of flowers were brought to the stores. Think of this—flowers in front of hundreds of stores in dozens of countries because of Jobs's death. No one knows how many notes were received at Apple and in the stores. According to the “Remembering Steve” page on Apple.com, “Over a million people from all over the world have shared their memories, thoughts, and feelings about Steve.” As he was dying, people made a pilgrimage to his home in Palo Alto. His daughter has written that “a few people he didn’t know came to the doors wanting to see him … , wandering into the garden. … A stranger in a sari begged to talk with him. A man came in through the gate and said he had flown in from Bulgaria just to see my father.” After Jobs's death, California governor Jerry Brown declared October 16 to be “Steve Jobs Day.” The president of United States and the First Lady, Barack and Michelle Obama, posted a condolence note. Nothing remotely like this outpouring had ever taken place on the occasion of the death of an American CEO.