bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Impacts and COVID-19: Implications for Low-Income, Minoritized, and Health-Compromised Communities in King County, WA
Authors: Ingram Carolyn , Min Esther , Seto Edmund , Cummings BJ , Farquhar Stephanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFew studies have assessed how the intersection of social determinants of health and environmental hazards contributes to racial disparities in COVID-19. The aim of our study was to compare COVID-19 disparities in testing and positivity to cumulative environmental health impacts, and to assess how unique social and environmental determinants of health relate to COVID-19 positivity in Seattle, King County, WA, at the census tract level. Publicly available data (n = 397 census tracts) were obtained from Public Health–Seattle & King County, 2018 ACS 5-year estimates, and the Washington Tracking Network. COVID-19 testing and positive case rates as of July 12, 2020, were mapped and compared to Washington State Environmental Health Disparities (EHD) Map cumulative impact rankings. We calculated odds ratios from a series of univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses using cumulative impact rankings, and community-level socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors as predictors and having ≥ 10% or < 10% census tract positivity as the binary outcome variable. We found a remarkable overlap between Washington EHD cumulative impact rankings and COVID-19 positivity in King County. Census tracts with ≥ 10 % COVID-19 positivity had significantly lower COVID-19 testing rates and higher proportions of people of color and faced a combination of low socioeconomic status–related outcomes, poor community health outcomes, and significantly higher concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). King County communities experiencing high rates of COVID-19 face a disproportionate cumulative burden of environmental and social inequities. Cumulative environmental health impacts should therefore systematically be considered when assessing for risk of exposure to and health complications resulting from COVID-19.
Applications of 2D-Layered Palladium Diselenide and Its van der Waals Heterostructures in Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Pang Jinbo , Cheng Qilin , Han Lin , Li Yufen , Meng Xue , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Zhao Hongbin , Yang Feng , Liu Haiyun , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia , Wang Xiao , Rummeli Mark H. , Zhang Yu , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties. In particular, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research interest. Consequently, tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics, chemistry, and electronics of PdSe2. Accordingly, in this review, we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe2, including its structure, properties, synthesis, and applications. First, a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe2 nanosheets is introduced, and large-area synthesis strategies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization. Next, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe2 and related heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, and thermoelectric devices, are discussed. Subsequently, the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe2 van der Waals heterostructures is explored. Finally, future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers. Therefore, this comprehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.
Global (Citizenship) Education as inclusive and diversity learning in Religious Education
Authors: Gaus Ralf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchool education is no longer just the place where students are supposed to deal with local phenomena and issues, but also with global ones. Every subject in German schools, such as Religious Education, has to make its own contribution to the Global Education of students. The goals of interest and educational policy associated with this vary. As a result of the AGENDA 21 process, Global Education has been implemented in German curricula, as in many other countries. This article assumes that Religious Education achieves its goal precisely when it is designed to be inclusive and students experience the topics of human rights, dignity of the human person, and social justice in the classroom. For this to happen, diversity and difference must be valued and used as learning opportunities.
Including Disability in Business and Human Rights Discourse and Corporate Practice
Authors: STEIN Michael Ashley , BANTEKAS Ilias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite significant progress in business and human rights (BHR) discourse and the practices of multinational corporations (MNCs), persons with disabilities and disability rights are absent from both the key instruments and practice of BHR. This lacuna exists despite the near-universal ratification of the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as the fact that disabled persons constitute over 15 per cent of the global population and MNC operations impact them greatly and disproportionately. We argue that MNCs have a central role, responsibility and opportunity to foment change globally in fulfilling the human rights of persons with disabilities through their employment practices and by leveraging their economic power to fulfil other aspects of disability-based human rights. Doing so requires the development and self-enforcement of disability-specific human rights due diligence (HRDD) processes, and creating a general culture of diversity, equity and inclusion that encompasses disability.
Development of a multi-component intervention to promote participation of Black and Latinx individuals in biomedical research
Authors: Danila Maria I. , Allison Jeroan J. , Goins Karin Valentine , Chiriboga Germán , Fischer Melissa , Puliafico Melissa , Mudano Amy S. , Rahn Elizabeth J. , Merchant Jeanne , Lawrence Colleen E. , Dunkel Leah , Israel Tiffany , Barton Bruce , Jenoure Fred , Alexander Tiffany , Cruz Danny , Douglas Marva , Sims Jacqueline , Richmond Al , Roberson Erik D. , Chambless Carol , Harris Paul A. , Saag Kenneth G. , Lemon Stephenie C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Barriers to research participation by racial and ethnic minority group members are multi-factorial, stem from historical social injustices and occur at participant, research team, and research process levels. The informed consent procedure is a key component of the research process and represents an opportunity to address these barriers. This manuscript describes the development of the Strengthening Translational Research in Diverse Enrollment (STRIDE) intervention, which aims to improve research participation by individuals from underrepresented groups.

Methods:
We used a community-engaged approach to develop an integrated, culturally, and literacy-sensitive, multi-component intervention that addresses barriers to research participation during the informed consent process. This approach involved having Community Investigators participate in intervention development activities and using community engagement studios and other methods to get feedback from community members on intervention components.

Results:
The STRIDE intervention has three components: a simulation-based training program directed toward clinical study research assistants that emphasizes cultural competency and communication skills for assisting in the informed consent process, an electronic consent (eConsent) framework designed to improve health-related research material comprehension and relevance, and a “storytelling” intervention in which prior research participants from diverse backgrounds share their experiences delivered via video vignettes during the consent process.

Conclusions:
The community engaged development approach resulted in a multi-component intervention that addresses known barriers to research participation and can be integrated into the consent process of research studies. Results of an ongoing study will determine its effectiveness at increasing diversity among research participants.
Conceptual models for implementing solution-oriented team science in large research consortia
Authors: Thompson Leslie C. , Hall Kara L. , Vogel Amanda L. , Park Christina H. , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLarge translational research initiatives can strengthen efficiencies and support science with enhanced impact when practical conceptual models guide their design, implementation, and evaluation. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program brings together data from 72 ongoing maternal–child cohort studies – involving more than 50,000 children and over 1200 investigators – to conduct transdisciplinary solution-oriented research that addresses how early environmental exposures influence child health. ECHO uses a multi-team system approach to consortium-wide data collection and analysis to generate original research that informs programs, policies, and practices to enhance children’s health. Here, we share two conceptual models informed by ECHO’s experiences and the Science of Team Science. The first conceptual model illuminates a system of teams and associated tasks that support collaboration toward shared scientific goals. The second conceptual model provides a framework for designing evaluations for continuous quality improvement of manuscript writing teams. Together, the two conceptual models offer guidance for the design, implementation, and evaluation of translational and transdisciplinary multi-team research initiatives.
Mediterranean Diet and cardiovascular health: an historical perspective
Authors: Delarue Jacques 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first investigation of dietary intake in the Mediterranean region was undertaken at the initiative of the government of Greece in 1948. Plant foods (cereals, pulses, nuts, potatoes, vegetables and fruits) accounted for 61 % of total energy intake (TEI), animal foods (meat, eggs, fish and dairy products) for 7 % of TEI and olive oil was the main oil used. In 1950s, Ancel Keys undertook studies in USA, Italy, Spain, England, Japan, Australia and Canada leading him to hypothesise that a link could exist between diet, plasma cholesterol and CHD. Between 1958 and 1964, Keys and co-workers carried out the Seven Countries Study, which enrolled men aged 40–59 years in one of sixteen cohorts from seven countries (Finland, Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia, Japan, USA and Italy). After 15-, 25- and 50-year follow-up, a strong positive relation was observed between saturated fat intake and CHD mortality, and a negative one with Mediterranean Dietary Index. In 1975, Keys and his wife published a book entitled: ‘How to eat well and stay well. The Mediterranean way’, which popularised Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). After 45-year follow-up, longevity without CHD death was 12·9 years higher in Crete than in Finland. Protecting effect of MedDiet towards CHD incidence and risk is now confirmed by Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea study and by cohorts’ studies gathered in several recent meta-analyses. MedDiet is sustainable and recognised by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, which is the most beautiful homage that can be paid to Ancel Keys and all his co-workers.
« Reculer pour mieux sauter » ? Délégation et monopolisation de la violence en Afghanistan
Authors: Malejacq Romain , Olsson Christian 
Published: June 2021

RésuméLa délégation de la violence en contexte de guerre civile est souvent lue comme une érosion de l’État au profit d'acteurs non-étatiques incontrôlables. Nous soulignons ici les limites de cette lecture à partir d'une analyse du conflit afghan, en particulier de l'arbitrage qui a eu lieu sous l'administration Karzai entre l'accroissement des effectifs militaires pro-gouvernementaux et leur contrôle. Nous montrons non seulement que la présence de troupes internationales a considérablement affecté cet arbitrage, mais aussi que, contrairement aux interprétations dominantes, celui-ci révèle une volonté d'appropriation du processus de formation de l’État par ses élites plus qu'un recul de l’État lui-même.
Est-ce que l'on est sorti du bois ? L’État québécois face austapleforestier
Authors: Beaulieu Hanneke , Chiasson Guy , Leclerc Edith 
Published: June 2021

RésuméLes industries destaplesont dominé le secteur forestier québécois avec l'appui de l’État qui a concédé à de grandes entreprises exportant une matière ligneuse peu transformée l'exploitation quasi-exclusive des forêts publiques. Une nouvelle loi en 2013 modifie le régime forestier et suggère une transition du secteur vers une économiepost-staples. Or, en examinant le rôle de l’État de la période menant à la loi et de celle suivant sa mise en place, une lecture plus nuancée du nouveau régime émerge. En s'appuyant sur deux typologies d’État, ricardien et schumpétérien, cet article dépeint une trajectoire non-linéaire du secteur forestier québécois.
The Nature and Constitutionality of Statutorily-Imposed (Non-Contractual) Arbitration in Ghana
Authors: Oppong Richard Frimpong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGhanaian law contains a number of statutes that broadly provide that certain disputes shall be settled by arbitration. This compulsory approach to arbitration departs significantly from the consent-based model of arbitration. This article considers the legal framework for statutory arbitration in Ghana. It examines the origins of statutory arbitration, documents some of the statutes that provide for statutory arbitration and assesses the rationale for statutory arbitration. The article also examines the issue of consent in statutory arbitration, the procedural aspects of statutory arbitration, as well as the constitutionality of this form of arbitration.
Land reform in People’s Poland (1944–89)
Authors: Błąd Marta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article describes the conduct of land reform by the communist regime of People’s Poland. The land reform fitted into the wave of analogous reforms carried out in the other communist countries of Eastern Europe. It was based on the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) of 6th September 1944, which provided for subdividing landowners’ estates exceeding fifty hectares among peasants, such as small farmers, landless people and fornals. The article discusses problems faced by the founders of the reform and institutional measures applied in order to execute the Decree. Despite numerous obstacles, the reform was carried out quite efficiently and its effects were marked (6,070,100 hectares of landowners’ property was subdivided among 1,068,400 farms). However, those results were to a great extent possible due to the application of regime measures towards landowners (expropriation without compensation, arrests, and even capital punishment). Regarded as a crime and an atrocity by the landowners, for peasants the land reform was a blessing, which can be concluded from the recollections of both groups concerned, which are cited in the article. Despite its efficiency, the land reform did not manage to improve the agrarian structure in Poland, for it caused land dispersion and an increase of the number and the landed share of small farms.
Past and present land reform in Cuba (1959–2020): from peasant collectivisation to re-peasantisation and beyond
Authors: Botella-Rodríguez Elisa , González-Esteban Ángel Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCuba is a paradigmatic case where the term and concept of the peasantry remains of lived importance. Cuban peasants had a significant role in the past as they did return to the political agenda after the Revolution with particular emphasis under Raul Castro’s administration. However, the Cuban case has not been significantly explored from a long-term perspective that connects the old debates and dimensions of land reforms under developmentalist states to the new agrarian questions in the global era. Based on secondary sources, semi-structured interviews and updated data on land structures, this article explores the long-term process of land reform in Cuba.
A MALL geometry of interaction based on indexed linear logic
Authors: Hamano Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe construct a geometry of interaction (GoI: dynamic modelling of Gentzen-style cut elimination) for multiplicative-additive linear logic (MALL) by employing Bucciarelli–Ehrhard indexed linear logic MALL(I) to handle the additives. Our construction is an extension to the additives of the Haghverdi–Scott categorical formulation (a multiplicative GoI situation in a traced monoidal category) for Girard’s original GoI 1. The indices are shown to serve not only in their original denotational level, but also at a finer grained dynamic level so that the peculiarities of additive cut elimination such as superposition, erasure of subproofs, and additive (co-) contraction can be handled with the explicit use of indices. Proofs are interpreted as indexed subsets in the category Rel, but without the explicit relational composition; instead, execution formulas are run pointwise on the interpretation at each index, with respect to symmetries of cuts, in a traced monoidal category with a reflexive object and a zero morphism. The sets of indices diminish overall when an execution formula is run, corresponding to the additive cut-elimination procedure (erasure), and allowing recovery of the relational composition. The main theorem is the invariance of the execution formulas along cut elimination so that the formulas converge to the denotations of (cut-free) proofs.
Left ventricle implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a dextro-transposition of the great arteries case
Authors: Martins de Carvalho Miguel , Mota Garcia Raquel , Cruz Cristina , Macedo Filipe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries palliated with a Senning procedure and a long-term arrhythmic complication that required an intervention, with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantation in the sub-pulmonary ventricle (morphologically left). This case highlights the need to perform off-label procedures to deal with the long-term complications of these complex patients.
Bilingual writing coactivation: Lexical and sublexical processing in a word dictation task
Authors: Iniesta Antonio , Paolieri Daniela , Serrano Francisca , Bajo M. Teresa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBilinguals’ two languages seem to be coactivated in parallel during reading, speaking, and listening. However, this coactivation in writing has been scarcely studied. This study aimed to assess orthographic coactivation during spelling-to-dictation. We took advantage of the presence of polyvalent graphemes in Spanish (one phonological representation with two orthographic specifications, e.g., / b /for both the graphemes v and b) to manipulate orthographic congruency. Spanish–English bilinguals were presented with cross-linguistic congruent (movement–movimiento) and incongruent words (government–gobierno) for a dictation task. The time and accuracy to initiate writing and to type the rest-of-word (lexical and sublexical processing) were recorded in both the native language (L1) and the second language (L2). Results revealed no differences between conditions in monolinguals. Bilinguals showed a congruency and language interaction with better performance for congruent stimuli, which was evident from the beginning of typing in L2. Language coactivation and lexical–sublexical interaction during bilinguals’ writing are discussed.
Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anaemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status
Authors: Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Hu Tzu-Yu , Chao Jane C-J , Bai Chyi-Huey , Chen Yi Chun , Huang Ya Li , Chang Chun-Chao , Wang Fan-Fen , Hadi Hamam , Nurwanti Esti , Chang Jung-Su 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron deficiency (ID) anaemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy BMI (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies.Design:Anthropometry, blood biochemistry and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion or a vitamin B12 deficiency.Setting:The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017–2019).Participants:We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies.Results:Among these pregnant women, 9·6 % were UW, and 29·2 % were either OW (15·8 %) or OB (13·4 %). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95 % CI) for OW subjects (0·6; 95 % CI (0·4, 0·9)) but increased odds for UW (1·2; 95 % CI (0·8, 2·0)) and OB subjects (1·2; 95 % CI (0·8, 1·8)). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight, OB pregnant women had 3·4-fold (3·4; 95 % CI (1·4, 8·1)) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0·3; 95 % CI (0·1, 1·2)). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, Fe and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes.Conclusion:The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.
Women’s perceptions about changes in food-related behaviours at home during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
Authors: Jara María-Fernanda , Leyton Barbara , Cuevas Carla , Gálvez Espinoza Patricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To explore women’s perceptions of changes in specific food habits at home, specifically the food budget and shopping, and food preparation, during the COVID-19 period.Design:Non-probabilistic, exploratory study. Participants completed an online self-administered questionnaire. Perceptions of food habit changes were measured on a five-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Data analysis was conducted in STATA v16.0.Setting:Chile.Participants:Adult women between 25 and 65 years old (n2047).Results:Of the participants, 72 % were responsible for cooking, 69 % for buying food and 85 % for child care. Difficulties in organising and doing food budget works were observed in groups with a lower educational level, lower income and single mothers with children. Younger participants, dependent workers, women from biparental families with children and those in mandatory quarantine perceived more changes in their food shopping and budget management tasks. Participants more educated, with higher income and non-mandatory quarantine perceived to cook and eat healthier. Older participants perceived minor changes in their food preparation tasks at home; in contrast, more educated women and women from biparental families with children perceived more changes. If women were in charge of the kids or grocery shopping, more food environment changes were noticed.Conclusions:Women perceived changes in their food environments. Some of these changes are perceived worse in the more vulnerable population. COVID-19 presents a challenge for the food system and gender perspectives. This information should be considered in the design of food-related interventions.