bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Targets of Cell Wall Protein Synthesis and Overexpression Mediated Drug Resistance for the Discovery of Potential M. tb Inhibitors
Authors: Nandi Sisir , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2021

:
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease engulfing millions of lives worldwide; it is caused by
mammalian tubercle bacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which may consist of strains viz.
M. tuberculosis hominis (human strain), M. microti, M. pinnipedii and M. canettii. The other pathogenic
strain is M. africanum, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and it is fully virulent for
humans. The non-pathogenic strains in the complex may include M. fortuitum and M.smegmatis.
Extensive research has been carried out to combat this dangerous disease. World Health Organization
proposed Directly Observed Treatment Short-course regimen (DOTS) for the eradication of TB. In
addition, the compounds such as TBA-7371, TBI-166, AZD5847 and PBTZ-169 are under clinical
trials whereas the recently FDA-approved anti-tubercular drugs are Pretomanid (PA-824), Bedaquiline
(TMC207), Linezolid (PNU-100480) and Delamanid (OPC-67683). The early detection of mycobacterium
tuberculosis can be permanently cured by DOTS comprising Pyrazinamide (Z), Isoniazid
(H), Rifampin (R) and Ethambutol (E). The duration of treatment depends on the viability of the disease.
DOTS can target to disrupt the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall proteins expressed by
various genes. Overexpression of these genes may produce drug-resistant due to dose misuse or the
intake of quality compromised anti-tubercular drug regimen. Therefore, in the present review, there
has been a necessity to report the second line anti-tubercular chemotherapeutics to target various proteins
which are the building blocks of M. tb cell wall, overexpression of which may produce drug
resistance.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Instructions of Daily Care in Overweight and Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Participants
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad T. , Hamid Mohamad S.A. , Hafiz Eliza , Chaudhary Farid A. , Khan Muhammad I. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a weight-bearing joint disease and is more
common in overweight and obese persons. The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility
and acceptability of Instructions of Daily Care (IDC) on pain, mobility, and Body Mass Index
(BMI) among knee OA participants who are overweight or obese.

Material and Method:
The study was an open-label randomized controlled trial of six weeks.
Forty overweight and obese participants with knee OA were randomly divided into two groups by
a computer-generated number. The participants in the Instruction Group (IG) were provided with
leaflets explaining IDC for the duration of six weeks. Both groups were instructed to take low doses
of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) on alternate days. The outcome measures
were pain, mobility and BMI. The feasibility and acceptability of knee pain and mobility were assessed
using a questionnaire designed by experts in rehabilitation.

Results:
Participants in the IG reported more statistically significant pain relief as assessed by the
Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (p=0.001) and improvement
in mobility (p=0.000) assessed by the Timed Up and Go test score after six weeks compared
to the Control Group (CG). Both groups did not demonstrate any significant change in BMI (p-value
> 0.05). The results of descriptive statistics showed a significantly higher satisfaction score for
participants who received a combination of IDC and NSAIDs, indicating an acceptable intervention.

Conclusion:
The IDC is effective and acceptable in terms of improving pain and mobility and
should be recommended as the usual care of treatment.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Drug Repurposing Study
Authors: Zulfiqar Hasan , Dao Fu-Ying , Lv Hao , Yang Hui , Zhou Peng , Chen Wei , Lin Hao 
Published: July 2021

Background:
SARS-Cov-2 is a newly emerged coronavirus and causes a severe type of
pneumonia in the host organism. So, it is an urgent need to find some inhibitors against SARS-Cov-2.
Therefore, drug repurposing study is an effective strategy for treating pneumonia to find the inhibitors
of SARS-Cov-2 proteins.

Method:
For this purpose, a library of 2500 verified drug chemical compounds was generated and the
compounds were docked against Nucleocapsid, Membrane and Envelope protein structures of SARSCov-
2 to determine the binding affinity of the chemical compounds against targeting binding pockets.
Moreover, cheminformatics properties and ADMET of these compounds were assessed to find the druglikeness
behavior of compounds. The chemical compounds with the lowest S-score were identified as
potential inhibitors.

Results:
Our findings showed that the compound ids 1212, 1019 and 1992 could interact inside the active
sites of membrane protein, nucleocapsid protein and envelope protein.

Conclusion:
This in silico knowledge will be helpful for the design of novel, safe and less expensive
drugs against the SARS-Cov-2.
Prediction Model of Thermophilic Protein Based on Stacking Method
Authors: Wang Xian-Fang , Lu Fan , Du Zhi-Yong , Li Qi-Meng 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Through the in-depth study of the thermophilic protein heat resistance principle,
it is of great significance for people to deeply understand the folding, structure, function, and the
evolution of proteins, and the directed design and modification of protein molecules in protein processing.

Objective:
Aiming at the problem of low accuracy and low efficiency of thermophilic protein prediction,
a thermophilic protein prediction model based on the Stacking method is proposed.

Methods:
Based on the idea of Stacking, this paper uses five features extraction methods, including
amino acid composition, g-gap dipeptide, encoding based on grouped weight, entropy density, and autocorrelation
coefficient to characterize protein sequences for the selected standard data set. Then, the
SVM based on the Gaussian kernel function is used to design the classification prediction model; by
taking the prediction results of the five methods as the second layer input, the logistic regression model
is used to integrate the experimental results to build a thermophilic protein prediction model based on
the Stacking method.

Results:
The accuracy of the proposed method was found up to 93.75% when verified by the Jackknife
method, and a number of performance evaluation indexes were observed to be higher than those of other
models, and the overall performance better than that of most of the reported methods.

Conclusion:
The model presented in this paper has shown strong robustness and can significantly improve
the prediction performance of thermophilic proteins.
PathDriver: Cancer Driver Genes Identification Based on the Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Peng Xianghua , Liu Fang , Liu Ping , Li Xing , Lu Xinguo 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
In exploiting cancer initialization and progression, a great challenge is to identify the
driver genes.

Background:
With advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, the identification of
specific oncogenic genes has emerged through integrating multi-omics data. Although the existing
computational models have identified many common driver genes, they rely on individual regulatory
mechanisms or independent copy number variants, ignoring the dynamic function of genes in pathways
and networks.

Objective:
The molecular metabolic pathway is a critical biological process in tumor initiation, progression
and maintenance. Establishing the role of genes in pathways and networks helps to describe their
functional roles under physiological and pathological conditions at multiple levels.

Methods:
We present a metabolic pathway based driver genes identification (pathDriver) to distinguish
different cancer types/subtypes. In pathDriver, combined with protein-protein interaction network, the
metabolic pathway is utilized to construct the pathway network. Then, the Interaction Frequency (IF)
and Inverse Pathway Frequency (IPF) are used to evaluate the collaborative impact factor of genes in
the pathway network. Finally, the cancer-specific driver genes are identified by calculating the scores of
edges connected to genes in the pathway network.

Results:
We applied it to 16 kinds of TCGA cancers for pan-cancer analysis.

Connclusion:
The driving pathway identified biologically significant known cancer genes and the potential
new candidate genes.
Improved Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimizer with Sine-Cosine Acceleration
Coefficients for Transient Electromagnetic Inversion
Authors: Li Ruiheng , Zhuang Qiong , Yu Nian , Li Ruiyou , Zhang Huaiqing 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Recently, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been increasingly used in
geophysics due to its simple operation and fast convergence.

Objective:
However, PSO lacks population diversity and may fall to local optima. Hence, an Improved
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimizer with Sine-Cosine Acceleration Coefficients (IH-PSO-SCAC) is proposed
and successfully applied to test functions in Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) nonlinear inversion.

Method:
A reverse learning strategy is applied to optimize population initialization. The sine-cosine
acceleration coefficients are utilized for global convergence. Sine mapping is adopted to enhance population
diversity during the search process. In addition, the mutation method is used to reduce the probability
of premature convergence.

Results:
The application of IH-PSO-SCAC in the test functions and several simple layered models are
demonstrated with satisfactory results in terms of data fit. Two inversions have been carried out to test
our algorithm. The first model contains an underground low-resistivity anomaly body and the second
model utilized measured data from a profile of the Xishan landslide in Sichuan Province. In both cases,
resistivity profiles are obtained, and the inverse problem is solved for verification.

Conclusion:
The results show that the IH-PSO-SCAC algorithm is practical, can be effectively applied
in TEM inversion and is superior to other representative algorithms in terms of stability and accuracy.
Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy by Ternary Copper Complex Towards Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Zheng Yang , Leong Chee Hong , Lim Krystal U. Ling , Wong Christopher Chun Sing , Pongtheerawan Pornwasu , Arikrishnan Sathiavani A. , Tan Kian Leong , Loh Jian Sheng , Low May Lee , How Chee Wun , Ong Yong Sze , Tor Yin Sim , Foo Jhi Biau 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Copper complex has been gaining much attention in anticancer research as a targeted agent
since cancer cells uptake more copper than non-cancerous cells. Our group synthesised a ternary copper complex,
which is composed of 1,10-phenanthroline and tyrosine [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20. These two payloads have been
designed to cleave DNA and inhibit protein degradation system (proteasome) concurrently in cancer cells, making this
copper complex a dual-target compound.

Objective:
The current study was carried out to investigate the mode of cell death and the role of autophagy induced by
[Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Methods:
Growth inhibition of [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 towards MDA-MB-231 and human non-cancerous MCF10A
breast cells was determined by MTT assay. Annexin-V-FITC/PI and cell cycle analysis were evaluated by flow cytometry.
The expression of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and LC3 was determined using western blot
analysis. The cells were then co-treated with hydroxychloroquine to ascertain the role of autophagy induced by
[Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20.

Results:
[Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 inhibited the growth of cancer cells dose-dependently with less toxicity towards
MCF10A cells. Additionally, [Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest towards MCF-7 and
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells possibly via regulation of p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3 and capase-7. The expression
of LC3II was upregulated in both cancer cell lines upon treatment with [Cu(phen)(L-tyr) Cl].3H20, indicating the
induction of autophagy. Co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine significantly enhanced growth
inhibition of both cell lines, suggesting that autophagy induced by [Cu(phen)(L-tyr) Cl].3H20 in both breast cancer
cells promoted cell survival.

Conclusion:
[Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl].3H20 holds great potential to be developed for breast cancer treatment.
Smoking is Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression through Inducing Distinguishing lncRNA Alterations in Different Genders
Authors: Cheng Zhenshun , Liu Bing , Liu Yuan , Zou Jingfeng , Zou Menglin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Smoking participates in pathogenesis of lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play
some specific roles during development of lung cancers.

Objective:
To investigate effects of smoking on lncRNA alterations in lung cancer.

Methods:
There are 522 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 504 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) participants.
Clinical and lncRNA genetic data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. LncRNA
alterations were analyzed in lung cancer patients. Smoking category and packs were evaluated. Correlations between
smoking and LncRNA alterations were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine overall survival
and disease free survival.

Results:
There are more non-smokers in LUSC than in LUAD. In both LUAD and LUSC, smoking could increase total
mutation counts and fraction of copy number alterations. Smoking index positively correlated with total mutations in
LUAD, but not in LUSC. Smoking could trigger lncRNA alterations both in LUAD and LUSC. Smoking regulated
different lncRNA between male and female. EXOC3-AS1 and LINC00603 alterations were positively correlated with
smoking index in male LUAD smokers. In female LUAD smokers, smoking index was positively correlated with
SNHG15, TP53TG1 and LINC01600 and negatively with LINC00609 and PTCSC3. In both male and female LUSC
patients, smoking increased or decreased several lncRNA alterations. DGCR5 alteration increased in male LUSC than
in female LUSC patients. In female LUSC patients, LOH12CR2 alteration was positively correlated with smoking
index.

Conclusions:
Smoking promoted LUAD and LUSC development by affecting different lncRNA alterations in different
genders.
Predicting Unscheduled Emergency Department Return Visits Among Older Adults: Population-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Rai-Fu , Cheng Kuei-Chen , Lin Yu-Yin , Chang I-Chiu , Tsai Cheng-Han 
Published: July 2021

Background
Unscheduled emergency department return visits (EDRVs) are key indicators for monitoring the quality of emergency medical care. A high return rate implies that the medical services provided by the emergency department (ED) failed to achieve the expected results of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Older adults are more susceptible to diseases and comorbidities than younger adults, and they exhibit unique and complex clinical characteristics that increase the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Older adults also use more emergency medical resources than people in other age groups. Many studies have reviewed the causes of EDRVs among general ED patients; however, few have focused on older adults, although this is the age group with the highest rate of EDRVs.

Objective
This aim of this study is to establish a model for predicting unscheduled EDRVs within a 72-hour period among patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, we aim to investigate the effects of the influencing factors on their unscheduled EDRVs.

Methods
We used stratified and randomized data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and applied data mining techniques to construct a prediction model consisting of patient, disease, hospital, and physician characteristics. Records of ED visits by patients aged 65 years and older from 1996 to 2010 in the National Health Insurance Research Database were selected, and the final sample size was 49,252 records.

Results
The decision tree of the prediction model achieved an acceptable overall accuracy of 76.80%. Economic status, chronic illness, and length of stay in the ED were the top three variables influencing unscheduled EDRVs. Those who stayed in the ED overnight or longer on their first visit were less likely to return. This study confirms the results of prior studies, which found that economically underprivileged older adults with chronic illness and comorbidities were more likely to return to the ED.

Conclusions
Medical institutions can use our prediction model as a reference to improve medical management and clinical services by understanding the reasons for 72-hour unscheduled EDRVs in older adult patients. A possible solution is to create mechanisms that incorporate our prediction model and develop a support system with customized medical education for older patients and their family members before discharge. Meanwhile, a reasonably longer length of stay in the ED may help evaluate treatments and guide prognosis for older adult patients, and it may further reduce the rate of their unscheduled EDRVs.
A Game-Based School Program for Mental Health Literacy and Stigma on Depression (Moving Stories): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tuijnman Anouk , Kleinjan Marloes , Olthof Merlijn , Hoogendoorn Evert , Granic Isabela , Engels Rutger CME 
Published: July 2021

Background
Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescents in Western countries. However, although treatment for depressive symptoms is available, many adolescents do not seek help when they need it. Important barriers to help-seeking among adolescents include low mental health literacy and high stigma. Therefore, we have developed a game-based school program, Moving Stories, which combines mental health literacy training for depression with contact with someone with lived experience both in the digital and nondigital world.

Objective
The aim of this study is to conduct a first test of the effectiveness of the newly developed game-based program, Moving Stories, using a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Methods
A total of 185 adolescents participated, divided over 10 classes from 4 schools. Half of the classes were randomly selected to follow the Moving Stories program, whereas the other half were in the control group, where no intervention was provided. The adolescents filled out digital questionnaires at 4 time points, with questions on mental health literacy, stigma, depressive symptoms, and the program itself (before the program, after the program, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up). Using R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing), we ran linear mixed-effects models for all continuous outcome variables and generalized linear mixed-effects models for all binary outcome variables.

Results
Compared with the control group, participants in the Moving Stories group improved after the program in personal stigma (b=−0.53, 95% CI −1.02 to −0.03; t179.16=−2.08; P=.04). Effects on personal stigma lasted over time (3-month follow-up: b=−0.57, 95% CI −1.11 to −0.03; t174.39=−2.07; P=.04). Most adolescents in the Moving Stories group participated in the introduction (97/99, 98%) and contact session (93/99, 94%), played the game for 4 or 5 days (83/99, 83%), and indicated that they would recommend the game to their peers (90/98, 92%).

Conclusions
The results of this study show the potential of Moving Stories as a stigma reduction program. With changes in the program to improve its effects on mental health literacy, Moving Stories could be implemented in schools to improve help-seeking in adolescents and reduce the negative consequences and burden of depressive symptoms.

Trial Registration
Dutch Trial Register NTR7033; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7033

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/11255
Kekeliruan Pemahaman Tentang Online Grooming dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Hafizhah Annisa , Panggabean Lamsumihar Andjelina 
Published: July 2021

Hukum diciptakan manusia untuk melindungi dan menertibkan masyarakat. Sayangnya, hukum yang dibuat manusia memiliki keterbatasan saat berhadapan dengan perubahan zaman. Pola kehidupan masyarakat terus berkembang dan hukum dituntut untuk selalu bisa menyeleraskan diri padahal proses menciptakan hukum tidak mudah. Perlu pemikiran dan waktu yang cukup untuk merumuskan peraturan yang baik sementara masyarakat tidak bisa menunggu hukum terlalu lama untuk menyelesaikan berbagai fenomena yang terjadi, termasuk online grooming. Online grooming adalah kekerasan berbasis gender yang dilakukan secara online untuk memperdaya korban agar menyerahkan foto atau video yang memuat atribut seksualnya. Saat ini belum ada peraturan yang secara khusus mengatur online grooming, namun ada beberapa metode tertentu yang bisa digunakan agar peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada saat ini bisa dipakai untuk menjerat pelaku online grooming.
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Law was created by humans to protect and order society. Unfortunately, human-made laws have limitations when facing the massive development. The pattern of people's culture continues to develop and the law is expected to always be relevant even though the process of creating laws is not easy. It takes a lot of concern and time to formulate good rules, while society cannot wait too long for the law to resolve various phenomena that occur, including online grooming. Online grooming is an online gender-based violence that is carried out to trick victims into submitting photos or videos that contain their sexual attributes. Currently there are no regulations that specifically regulate online grooming, but there are certain methods that can be used so that the existing laws and regulations can be used to arrest online grooming criminals.
Cuidado perdido de enfermería y su relación con el síndrome de agotamiento profesional
Authors: Rabadán-Silva M.F. , Zárate-Grajales R.A. , Benítez-Chavira L.Á. 
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Actualmente el síndrome de agotamiento profesional y el cuidado perdido de enfermería (todo cuidado que se omite en parte o totalmente durante la atención) son problemas que afectan al profesional y al paciente disminuyendo la calidad y seguridad de los cuidados. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la evidencia de los informes que relacionan estos dos problemas y las soluciones propuestas.
Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el síndrome de agotamiento profesional y el cuidado perdido de enfermería con base en la literatura consultada, para reconocer las causas en común de los dos problemas y establecer posibles soluciones.
Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura, con una búsqueda realizada en marzo de 2019 en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS y SciELO, utilizando DeCS, MeSH y términos libres. Después de la lectura crítica de los documentos obtenidos, con base en los niveles de evidencia de la Joanna Briggs Institute y las guías CASPe, quedó una muestra de 14 artículos.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontraron distintos informes acerca de la relación del cuidado perdido con el síndrome de agotamiento profesional, algunos sitúan el síndrome como predisponente para el cuidado perdido, unos más el agotamiento como resultado de la omisión y otros como mediadores para la calidad y la seguridad de la atención. Los autores coinciden en que los factores para la aparición del agotamiento y el cuidado perdido son el ambiente laboral deficiente y las fallas en las relaciones interprofesionales.