bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of oxygen in hypostoichiometric uranium dioxide nanocrystals. A molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Nekrasov K. A. , Galashev A. E. , Seitov D. D. , Gupta S. K. 
Published: April 2021

A molecular dynamic simulation of diffusion of intrinsic oxygen anions in the bulk of hypostoichiometric UO2-x nanocrystals with a free surface was carried out. The main diffusion mechanism turned out to be the migration of oxygen by the anionic vacancies. It is shown that in the range of values of the non-stoichiometry parameter 0.05 £x £ 0.275 the oxygen diffusion coefficient D is weakly dependent on temperature, despite the uniform distribution of the vacancies over the model crystallite. The reliable D values calculated for the temperature T = 923 K are in the range from 3×10-9 to 7×10-8 cm2/s, in quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The corresponding diffusion activation energy is in the range from 0.57 eV to 0.65 eV, depending on the interaction potentials used for the calculations.
The Productivity of Cascadia Aftershock Sequences
Authors: Gomberg Joan , Bodin Paul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis study addresses questions about the productivity of Cascadia mainshock–aftershock sequences using earthquake catalogs produced by the Geological Survey of Canada and the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. Questions concern the likelihood that future moderate to large intermediate depth intraslab earthquakes in Cascadia would have as few detectable aftershocks as those documented since 1949. More broadly, for Cascadia, we consider if aftershock productivities vary spatially, if they are outliers among global subduction zones, and if they are consistent with a physical model in which aftershocks are clock-advanced versions of tectonically driven background seismicity. A practical motivation for this study is to assess the likely accuracy of aftershock forecasts based on productivities derived from global data that are now being issued routinely by the U.S. Geological Survey. For this reason, we estimated productivity following the identical procedures used in those forecasts and described in Page et al. (2016). Results indicate that in Cascadia we can say that the next intermediate depth intraslab earthquake will likely have just a few detectable aftershocks and that aftershock productivity appears to be an outlier among global subduction zones, with rates that on average are lower by more than half, except for mainshocks in the upper plate. Our results are consistent with a clock-advance model; productivities may be related to the proximity of mainshocks to a population of seismogenic fault patches and correlate with background seismicity rates. The latter and a clear correlation between productivities with mainshock depth indicate that both factors may have predictive value for aftershock forecasting.
Simulation-Based Seismic Hazard Assessment Using Monte-Carlo Earthquake Catalogs: Application to CyberShake
Authors: Azar Sarah , Dabaghi Mayssa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe use of numerical simulations in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has achieved a promising level of reliability in recent years. One example is the CyberShake project, which incorporates physics-based 3D ground-motion simulations within seismic hazard calculations. Nonetheless, considerable computational time and resources are required due to the significant processing requirements imposed by source-based models on one hand, and the large number of seismic sources and possible rupture variations on the other. This article proposes to use a less computationally demanding simulation-based PSHA framework for CyberShake. The framework can accurately represent the seismic hazard at a site, by only considering a subset of all the possible earthquake scenarios, based on a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure that generates earthquake catalogs having a specified duration. In this case, ground motions need only be simulated for the scenarios selected in the earthquake catalog, and hazard calculations are limited to this subset of scenarios. To validate the method and evaluate its accuracy in the CyberShake platform, the proposed framework is applied to three sites in southern California, and hazard calculations are performed for earthquake catalogs with different lengths. The resulting hazard curves are then benchmarked against those obtained by considering the entire set of earthquake scenarios and simulations, as done in CyberShake. Both approaches yield similar estimates of the hazard curves for elastic pseudospectral accelerations and inelastic demands, with errors that depend on the length of the Monte-Carlo catalog. With 200,000 yr catalogs, the errors are consistently smaller than 5% at the 2% probability of exceedance in 50 yr hazard level, using only ∼3% of the entire set of simulations. Both approaches also produce similar disaggregation patterns. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach in a simulation-based PSHA platform like CyberShake and as a ground-motion selection tool for seismic demand analyses.
Manajemen Peserta Didik di MDTA Al Wahda Terunggul di Kota Bandung
Authors: Chadidjah Sitti 
Published: April 2021

Elementary Supplementary Religous School or MDTA is a children's recitation activity at the mosque, which has the legality of Ministry of Relegious Affair. The research location is MDTA Al Wahda at Bandung City. The study has used a qualitative method approach, data obtained by triangulation namely observation, interviews, and documentation. This study aims to obtain information and describe the implementation of student management. Knezevick's theoretical approach to pupil administration personnel as a service centered on the regulation, supervision and services of students in the classroom and outside the classroom. The implementation uses Knezevick's theoretical approach which was modified by Priadi's approach from Yogyakarta State University that pupil management consists of 3 things namely student registration, discipline, student development, and special services for students. This study concludes that the three of pupil management are a simple student recruitment process that has been running well, student development has not been a priority, special student services cannot be fully implemented. The development of santri and santri services has not been maximally implemented to given because the time learning is sort, what it is about 1.5 hours per day.Madrasah Diniyah adalah satu aktivitas pengajian anak-anak di masjid, yang mempunyai legalitas dari Kamenag RI. Lokasi penelitian di MDTA Al Wahda yang terunggul di Kotamadya Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif, data diperoleh dengan triangulasi yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi dan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan manajemen peserta didik. Pendekatan teori Knezevick pupil personnel administration sebagai layanan yang berpusat pada pengaturan, pengawasan dan layanan siswa di kelas dan di luar kelas. Implementasinya menggunakan pendekatan teori Knezevick yang dimodifikasi dengan pendekatan Priadi dari Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta bahwa manajemen siswa terdiri dari 3 hal yaitu pendaftaran siswa, disiplin, pengembangan siswa, dan layanan khusus untuk siswa. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ketiga indikator manajemen peserta didik yaitu proses rekrutment siswa secara sederhana sudah berjalan, dengan baik, pengembangan siswa belum menjadi prioritas, layanan khusus santri belum bisa dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. Pengembangan santri dan layanan santri belum maksimal dilaksanakan mengingat waktu belajar yang pendek sekitar 1,5 jam per hari.
Thermal Stability and in Vitro Elution Kinetics of Alternative Antibiotics in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement
Authors: Levack Ashley E. , Turajane Kathleen , Yang Xu , Miller Andy O. , Carli Alberto V. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Wellman David S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Amikacin, meropenem, minocycline, and fosfomycin have potential clinical utility for orthopaedic infections; however, their suitability for use in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was (1) to quantify the thermal stability of these antibiotics at clinically relevant temperatures and (2) to determine the elution pharmacodynamics of these alternative antibiotics in vitro from PMMA beads of different sizes.

Methods:
Polymerization temperatures of 10-mm PMMA beads were measured over time to generate a simulated heating curve. Aqueous solutions of tobramycin, amikacin, meropenem, minocycline, and fosfomycin were subjected to the temperature curves, followed by incubation at 37°C. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of each antibiotic were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. High-dose 4.5-mm, 6-mm, and 10-mm antibiotic-laden PMMA beads (10% antibiotic by weight) were submerged individually in a phosphate-buffered saline solution and incubated at 37°C. Antibiotic elution was determined with use of high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.

Results:
Tobramycin, amikacin, and fosfomycin demonstrated thermal stability and maintained antimicrobial activity for 28 days. Minocycline and meropenem lost antimicrobial activity against all 3 organisms after 48 hours and 7 days, respectively. Elution concentrations, rates, and cumulative drug mass for tobramycin, amikacin, and meropenem were orders of magnitude higher than minocycline and fosfomycin at each time point.

Conclusions:
This study identified notable differences in thermal stability and elution among antibiotics used to treat infections. Amikacin exhibited activity similarly to tobramycin. Meropenem demonstrated favorable elution kinetics and thermal stability in the initial 7-day period.

Clinical Relevance:
Amikacin and meropenem show pharmacologic promise as potential acceptable alternatives for local delivery in PMMA for treatment of orthopaedic infections. Further work to establish clinical relevance and utility is needed.
CNN based efficient image classification system for smartphone device
Authors: Mishra Mayank , Choudhury Tanupriya , Sarkar Tanmay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In our work, we look to classify images that make their way into our smartphone devices through various social-media text-messaging platforms. We aim at classifying images into three broad categories: document-based images, quote-based images, and photographs. People, especially students, share many document-based images that include snapshots of essential emails, handwritten notes, articles, etc. Quote based images, consisting of birthday wishes, motivational messages, festival greetings, etc., are among the highly shared images on social media platforms. A significant share of images constitutes photographs of people, including group photographs, selfies, portraits, etc. We train various convolutional neural network (CNN) based models on our self-made dataset and compare their results to find our task’s optimum model.
Hotels In Objects of Adaptive Architecture: Design As A Means of Transferring The Image of The Past
Authors: BONDARENKO Iryna , HE Xingyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The search for new solutions for identification, identity and individuality in the hotel industry has led to creation of hotels in buildings, the original function of which has been exhausted. Such an approach to modern adaptation of degraded objects is important both for their effective use and for successful development of urban environment. Hotels created in redesigned facilities are interesting because their design solution preserves evidence of previous function of structure and this fact forms a sense of time travel in the visitors’ view. An analytical study was carried out at the following hotel industry facilities: Hotel Emma (USA), which was renovated from the brewery; 21c Museum Hotels Oklahoma City (USA) located at the premises of the Ford Motor Company plant; Hotel Cycle (Japan) is located in the former marine warehouse, as well as Hotel Waterhouse (China) opened in the warehouse building and Hotel Alila Yangshuo (China) was created on the site of an abandoned sugar mill. The paper reveals design solutions that convey specifics of old buildings in their new function.
Effect of Curing Regimes on the Mechanical and Fresh Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Oğuzhan , YENIDÜNYA Eren , KESKIN Ülkü Sultan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Properties of concrete are affected by its fabrication process such as preparation, mixing, placing, finishing and curing. Since curing process is the ultimate stage of the fresh state of concrete before it is put into service, it is of great significance that is needed to be strictly handled. In the present study, steel fiber reinforced concrete was investigated in terms of different curing regimes including precast technology and comparative analysis was performed. To this end, beams and cubes specimens were fabricated and cured under steam process to represent the applications of precast concrete industry. Findings were compared with the other types of curing regimes. Mechanical behaviors of specimens were evaluated along with their strength development and workability in the presence of steel fiber. Results indicated that adequate workability and mechanical properties were obtained for steam-cured specimens compared to other specimens produced with different curing regimes. However, production parameters such as mixture proportion and fiber dosage were more pronounced for low-strength concrete specimens compared to high strength steam cured concrete specimens.
Effect of L-shaped slots on scour around a bridge abutment
Authors: Saad Neveen Y. , Fattouh Ehab M. , Mokhtar M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Local scour is the most significant cause of bridge failure. Providing a short abutment with a straight slot has proved to be an effective method for reducing scour at this abutment. In this study, laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using L-shaped slots in comparison to the commonly used straight slot, on the scour reduction at short vertical-wall abutment under clear-water flow conditions and uniform bed materials. The slots were just above the bed and their diameters equal to half the abutment's length. The results illustrated that it is essential to have a straight slot in any combination of slots, as any configuration without one is inefficient. Also, a combination of a straight slot with one side slot in the middle of the abutment's width gives better performance than an individual straight slot, as it reduces the depth, area, and volume of the scour hole by about 32.6, 26.8, and 43.6% respectively, in comparison to 23.2, 20.7, and 35.3% for the straight slot alone.
Nutrient chemistry and eutrophication risk assessment of the Ghaghara river, India
Authors: Ravi Nirdesh Kumar , Srivastava Atul , Ram Kirpa , Jha Pawan Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was carried out to evaluate the eutrophication risk associated with the nutrient flux from the Ghaghara river by using nutrient molar ratios and indicators for coastal eutrophication potential values. The concentration of ammonium (3–8 times), nitrate (3–10 times), and phosphate (3–4.5 times) in the Ghaghara river were higher than the reported value for the unpolluted rivers, indicating the contribution from the anthropogenic sources. The dissolved nutrients concentration showed significant seasonal variations in the Ghaghara river system. The specific yield of nitrate-N, phosphate-P, and dissolved silica-Si from the Ghaghara river were 0.49, 0.03 and 0.96 tons km−2 yr−1 respectively. The average molar ratio for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)/Dissolved inorganic Phosphate (DIP) was above 16:1, which indicated phosphate limitation in biological productivity. In contrast, an average molar ratio of Dissolved inorganic Silica (DSi)/DIN of 4.6 ± 4.4 favored the diatom growth in the Ghaghara river. The negative value of P-ICEP (-2.93 kg C. km−2day−1) indicated phosphate limitation in the Ghaghara river. The positive value of N-ICEP (1.71 kg C·km−2day−1) indicates an excess of nitrogen over silica transport from the Ghaghara river to the Ganga river, which can create an eutrophication problem in the Ganga river.
An ISaDE algorithm combined with support vector regression for estimating discharge coefficient of W-planform weirs
Authors: Emami Somayeh , Parsa Javad , Emami Hojjat , Abbaspour Akram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious shapes of weirs, such as rectangular, trapezoidal, circular, and triangular plan forms, are used to adjust and measure the flow rate in irrigation networks. The discharge coefficient (Cd) of weirs, as the key hydraulic parameter, involves the combined effects of the geometric and hydraulic parameters. It is used to compute the flow rate over the weirs. For this purpose, a hybrid ISaDE-SVR method is proposed as a hybrid model to estimate the Cd of sharp-crested W-planform weirs. ISaDE is a high-performance algorithm among other optimization algorithms in estimating the nonlinear parameters in different phenomena. The ISaDE algorithm is used to improve the performance of SVR by finding optimal values for the SVR's parameters. To test and validate the proposed model, the experimental datasets of Kumar et al. and Ghodsian were utilized. Six different input scenarios are presented to estimate the Cd. Based on the modeling results, the proposed hybrid method estimates the Cd in terms of H/P, Lw/Wmc, and Lc/Wc. For the superior method, R2, RMSE, MAPE, and δ are obtained as 0.982, 0.006, 0.612, and 0.843, respectively. The amount of improvement in comparison with GMDH, ANFIS and SVR is 3.6%, 1.2% and 1.5% in terms of R2.
Effect of irrigation practices upon yield and fruit quality of four grapefruit (Citrus paradisiMac.) cultivars
Authors: Morianou G. , Ziogas V. , Kourgialas N. N. , Karatzas G. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo strategies of irrigation were applied during the phase of fruit growth in 30-year-old grapefruit trees (Citrus paradisi Mac.) of four varieties (cv. Marsh SRA 8, cv. Shambar SRA 22, cv. Frost Marsh, cv. Ruby). For the first strategy (T1), the trees were irrigated every week at 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), while for the second strategy (T2) at 60% ETc. At harvest time, tree yield was estimated along with fruit quality and water productivity. T1 strategy significantly increased the tree yield, the fruit weight and the juice content. Although an increase in water productivity (crop yield/total water use) was achieved during the water stress experiment for three out of the four varieties. The main effect of the T2 strategy was a significant increase of qualitative (commercial and nutritional) attributes like total soluble solids (TSS), citric acid, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and phenolic content. In addition, strategy T2 increased the maturation index and the fruits had sweeter flavor for two varieties. These results lead to the conclusion that in mature grapefruit trees, optimal irrigation practice provided better fruit yield, while water stress practices favor the accumulation of specific nutritional elements and improve specific fruit quality parameters, especially for cv. Ruby.
Smartphone-Based Passive Sensing for Behavioral and Physical Monitoring in Free-Life Conditions: Technical Usability Study
Authors: Tonti Simone , Marzolini Brunella , Bulgheroni Maria 
Published: April 2021

Background
Smartphone use is widely spreading in society. Their embedded functions and sensors may play an important role in therapy monitoring and planning. However, the use of smartphones for intrapersonal behavioral and physical monitoring is not yet fully supported by adequate studies addressing technical reliability and acceptance.

Objective
The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss technical issues that may impact on the wide use of smartphones as clinical monitoring tools. The focus is on the quality of the data and transparency of the acquisition process.

Methods
QuantifyMyPerson is a platform for continuous monitoring of smartphone use and embedded sensors data. The platform consists of an app for data acquisition, a backend cloud server for data storage and processing, and a web-based dashboard for data management and visualization. The data processing aims to extract meaningful features for the description of daily life such as phone status, calls, app use, GPS, and accelerometer data. A total of health subjects installed the app on their smartphones, running it for 7 months. The acquired data were analyzed to assess impact on smartphone performance (ie, battery consumption and anomalies in functioning) and data integrity. Relevance of the selected features in describing changes in daily life was assessed through the computation of a k-nearest neighbors global anomaly score to detect days that differ from others.

Results
The effectiveness of smartphone-based monitoring depends on the acceptability and interoperability of the system as user retention and data integrity are key aspects. Acceptability was confirmed by the full transparency of the app and the absence of any conflicts with daily smartphone use. The only perceived issue was the battery consumption even though the trend of battery drain with and without the app running was comparable. Regarding interoperability, the app was successfully installed and run on several Android brands. The study shows that some smartphone manufacturers implement power-saving policies not allowing continuous sensor data acquisition and impacting integrity. Data integrity was 96% on smartphones whose power-saving policies do not impact the embedded sensor management and 84% overall.

Conclusions
The main technological barriers to continuous behavioral and physical monitoring (ie, battery consumption and power-saving policies of manufacturers) may be overcome. Battery consumption increase is mainly due to GPS triangulation and may be limited, while data missing because of power-saving policies are related only to periods of nonuse of the phone since the embedded sensors are reactivated by any smartphone event. Overall, smartphone-based passive sensing is fully feasible and scalable despite the Android market fragmentation.