bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Xuexin , Geng Peng , Yang Qian , Chen Kun , Liu Ning , Fan Yueling , Zhan Xiumei , Han Xiaori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China. Using nylon mesh bags method, the decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in straw and straws and the dynamic changes of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents were analyzed after 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days of returning. At 365 days after return to the field, rotating tillage + straw decomposing agent(refer to decomposer)(RT+S) was the most favorable for straw decomposition and its components, straw decomposition proportion reached 73.25%, and the decomposition proportion of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were the highest, being 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively. DOC content in RT+S treatment was higher than in other treatments at each stage, SOC content reached 18.02 g· kg-1 at 145d, which was higher than other treatments. The improvement effect of deep turning + deep rotary tillage + straw decomposing agent (PT+S) treatment on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was the best, followed by RT+S treatment. Our results suggest that the straw and its organic components decomposition proportion could be increased by adding straw decomposing agent, the straw decomposition proportion and the SOC content of various forms were significantly increased with the RT+S treatment.
Cancer Research Activity in the Arab World: A 15-Year Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: MACHAALANI Marc , MASRI Jad EL , AYOUBI Lemir Majed EL , MATAR Bassam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The Arab region comprises 22 countries located in the Middle East and North Africa, sharing cultural and linguistic ties. Arab countries have continued to lag in terms of biomedical research compared to other nations for the several past decades. Cancer is a major public health concern, being the second leading cause of death globally. Given that high research activity on cancer reflects positively onto screening programs, awareness, and clinical practice, this article aimed to examine the activity and trend of cancer research in the Arab world between 2005 and 2019.
Methods

Between 2005 and 2019, the number of cancer-related articles published by each Arab country, and regarding 27 different types, was assessed using PubMed database. Numbers were normalized with respect to each country’s average population and average Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Results

Arab countries contributed to 1.52% of total cancer publications. The number of cancer publications has steadily grown since 2005, with the last 7 years alone witnessing 75.69% of the total Arab cancer-related publications. In terms of publications per million persons, Qatar ranked first while in terms of publications per national GDP, Egypt ranked first. Breast, liver, and colorectal cancers had the highest numbers of all Arab cancer-related publications, while testicular, vulvar, and gallbladder cancers had the least.
Conclusion

This paper pools information and insight for scientists, clinicians, funders, and decision-makers on the actualities and developments of cancer research in the Arab world. Addressing the barriers facing cancer research remains a cornerstone in the plan to improve the Arab world’s output and contribution to the field of oncology.
Customized Eye Modeling for Optical Quality Assessment in Myopic Femto-LASIK Surgery
Authors: Lan Gongpu , Zeng Jun , Li Wenjie , Ma Guoqin , Shi Qun , Shi Yue , Wang Yicheng , Xu Jingjiang , Huang Yanping , Qin Jia , Feng Jinping , Tan Haishu , An Lin , Wei Xunbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Refractive surgery is recognized as an effective method for myopia treatment, but it can induce night-vision disturbances such as glare. We present an eye modeling method for the optical quality assessment in response to the structural change of eyes by femto-LASIK surgery. Customized eye models were built from the measurements of 134 right eyes pre- and post-operatively. Optical performance was evaluated using spot diagrams, point spread functions (PSFs), modulation transfer functions (MTFs) and chromatic aberrations at various fields (0–30°), different pupil diameters (2–6 mm) and initial myopias (− 1.25 to − 10.5 D). Pupil size and initial myopia are the two major factors that affect visual performance of post-operative eyes. The results of spot diagrams, PSFs, and MTFs indicated that post-operative visual performance deteriorated as visual field and pupil size increased and it was significantly influenced by initial myopia. Post-operative chromatic aberrations were also affected by initial myopia, but tended to decrease as pupil size increased. The use of eye modeling for refractive surgery assessment could possibly provide a more personalized surgical approach, could improve the prediction accuracy of refractive surgery outcomes and aid the invention and development of better surgical methods.
High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Primes Impaired Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Consequent Ovarian Dysfunction During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Li Qingying , Guo Sujuan , Yang Chengshun , Liu Xueqing , Chen Xuemei , He Junlin , Tong Chao , Ding Yubin , Peng Chuan , Geng Yanqing , Mu Xinyi , Liu Taihang , Li Fangfang , Wang Yingxiong , Gao Rufei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with many adverse effects on female fertility. Obese women are more likely to have ovulatory dysfunction due to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. However, ovarian function in obese women during early pregnancy still needs further assessment. Methods: Obesity was induced in C57BL6/J mice using high-fat diets (HFD) for 12 weeks; In vitro high-fat model was established with KGN cells treated with Oleate acid and Palmitic acid. Ovarian morphology of obese mice in early pregnancy was assessed by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and its function was assessed using ELISA, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. The Oil Red O staining and Transmission electron microscopy were used to detect fatty acid accumulation and specific markers relating to ovarian functional mechanism were assessed by Real time PCR, Western blotting, Lactate detection, ATP detection, Biochemical analyses and ELISA.Results: The results of this study showed that during early pregnancy, the number of corpus luteum, serum estradiol and progesterone levels, and the expression of genes CYP19A1, CYP11A1 and StAR, which are related to steroid biosynthesis, were significantly increased in HFD female mice. HFD-fed mice also showed a significant increase in ovarian lipid accumulation on day 7 of pregnancy. Genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (Acsl4 and Elovl5) and fatty acid uptake and transport (Slc27a4), together with the β-oxidation rate-limiting enzyme (Cpt1a) were significantly upregulated in HFD-fed mice. Specifically, there was abnormal elevation of ATP level and aberrant expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and electron transport chain related genes in the ovary of HFD pregnant mice. Treatment of KGN cells with etomoxir targeting β-oxidation of fatty acid, showed decrease tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain. The elevated ATP level and the increased estradiol and progesterone levels were reversed. Conclusions: This study indicated that during early pregnancy, high-fat diet and induced-obesity increased fatty acid β-oxidation, which in turn increase the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain, and consequently increases ATP production and ovarian dysfunction.
Quantification of Mangrove Extent using a Combination of Optical and Radar Images in Google Earth Engine Platform: The case of Anlo Beach Wetland Complex, Shama District, Western Region, Ghana
Authors: Aja Daniel , Miyittah Michael , Angnuureng Donatus Bapentire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mangrove Forest classification in tropical coastal zones based on only passive remote sensing methods is hampered by Mangrove complexities, topographic considerations and cloud cover effects among other things. This paper reports on a novel approach that combines Optical Satellite images and Synthetic Aperture Radar alongside their derived parameters to overcome the challenges of distinguishing Mangrove stand in cloud prone regions. Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based geospatial processing platform was used to extract several scenes of Landsat Surface Reflectance Tier1 and synthetic aperture radar (C-band and L-band). The imageries were enhanced by creating a function that masks out clouds from the optical satellite image and by using speckle filter to remove noise from the radar data. The random forest algorithm proved to be a robust and accurate machine learning approach for mangrove classification and assessment. Our result show that about 16% of the mangrove extent was lost in the last decade. The accuracy was assessed based on three classification scenarios: classification of optical data only, classification of SAR data only, and combination of both optical and SAR data. The overall accuracies were 99.1% (Kappa Coefficient =0.797), 84.6% (Kappa Coefficient = 0.687) and 98.9% (Kappa Coefficient = 0.828) respectively. This case study demonstrates how mangrove mapping can help focus conservation practices locally in climate change setting, coupled with sea level rise and related threats to coastal ecosystems.
Comparative Profiling of Small RNAs&nbsp;Originated From Two Varieties of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Rapa) With Distinct Leaf Traits
Authors: LIU XU XIN , YU XIANG , WANG HAN , HE YU KE 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The species Brassica rapa includes many important vegetable crops. For a genome-wide survey of small RNAs in B. rapa, we performed massively parallel small RNA deep sequencing by using two representative varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. chinensis) that are distinct in leaf shape, size, color and curvature. In total, 13.30 million small RNA reads were generated from Huaq, a variety with up-curved blades and wide petioles, and 14.69 million for Wut, a variety with down-curved blades and narrow petioles. After normalization, about half of small RNA reads in each variety were mapped to the published reference genome of B. rapa. In Huaq seedlings, unique small RNAs were much more than in Wut seedlings. Among them, 45 miRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated in one variety, compared with those in another variety. Numbers of ta-siRNAs (trans-acting siRNAs) and ra-siRNAs (repeat-associated siRNAs) in Huaq seedlings were more than those detected in Wut seedlings, while gene-derived siRNAs (siRNAs derived from the sense and antisense strands of annotated genes regeion) in Huaq seedlings were less than in Wut seedlings. Especially, bra-miR156, bra-miR166 and bra-miR319 and one of ta-siRNAs that play important role in leaf shape, leaf size, leaf curvature and phase transition were differentially expressed between two varieties. In addition, total number of small RNAs derived from chloroplast genome of Wut was more than that of Huaq. The differentially-expressed small RNAs on genome-wide level provides the clue for the study of small-RNA-mediated morphology of leaves and is useful for developing of small RNA markers for leaf traits desirable for high yield and quality.
Household’s Agricultural Vulnerability to Climate Induced Disasters: A Case on South-west Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Ayatullah , Kabir Kazi Humayun , Hasan Kamrul , Sultana Rashmia , Imran Sardar Al , Karmokar Sanju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess household’s agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters and to identify the indicators of adaptive capacity that determine the vulnerability of south-western coastal household’s in Bangladesh. The vulnerability was calculated by taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concept through an Agricultural Vulnerability Index (AVI). Then the ordered logit model was employed in order to identify key determinants of agricultural vulnerability to climate induced disasters. A survey of 346 household’s head from the two settlements (181 household’s head from Sutarkhali and 165 household’s head from Nalian) of Sutarkhali Union of Dacope Upazila under Khulna District was used in this study. Findings revealed that the mean score of Sutarkhali was 0.703 (high) in exposure, 0.724 (high) in sensitivity, 0.341 (low) in adaptive capacity and finally, the agricultural vulnerability index (AVI) was 0.695 (high). On the same fashion, Nalian was an average score of 0.697 (high) in exposure, 0.721 (high) in sensitivity, 0.386 (low) in adaptive capacity, and finally 0.677 (high) in agricultural vulnerability index (AVI). Annual savings, formal education, ownership of livestock, improved seeds supply, access to irrigation pump, improved crop diversification/ High Yielding Variety (HYV) crops, access to large farm size and access to farm credit were found to be statistically significant indicators of adaptive capacity that determine agricultural vulnerability of the both study sites. Finally it is recommended that the intervention required for coastal adaptation of agriculture should be initiated by respective authorities.
Anaerobic oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons in enrichment cultures from sediments of the Gorevoy Utes natural oil seep under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions
Authors: Pavlova Olga N. , Izosimova Oksana N. , Chernitsyna Svetlana M. , Ivanov Vyacheslav G. , Pogodaeva Tatyana V. , Khabuev Andrey V. , Gorshkov Alexander G. , Zemskaya Tamara I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents the first experimental data on the ability of microbial communities from sediments of the Gorevoy Utes natural oil seep to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions. Like in marine ecosystems associated with oil discharge, available electron acceptors, in particular sulfate ions, affect the composition of the microbial community and the degree of hydrocarbon conversion. The cultivation of the surface sediments under sulfate-reducing conditions led to the formation of a more diverse bacterial community and greater loss of n-alkanes (28%) in comparison to methanogenic conditions (6%). Microbial communities of both surface and deep sediments are more oriented to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to which the degree of the PAH conversion testifies (up to 46%) irrespective of the present electron acceptors. Uncultured microorganisms with the closest homologues from thermal habitats, sediments of mud volcanoes and environments contaminated with hydrocarbons mainly represented microbial communities of enrichment cultures. The members of the phyla Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Caldiserica (OP5), as well as the class Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia, were mostly found in enrichment cultures and belong to the “core” of microorganisms The influence of gas-saturated fluids may be responsible for the presence in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene libraries of the sequences of “rare taxa”: Planctomycetes, Ca. Atribacteria (OP9), Ca. Armatimonadetes (OP10), Ca. Latescibacteria (WS3), Ca. division (AC1), Ca. division (OP11), and Ca. Parcubacteria (OD1), which can be involved in hydrocarbon oxidation.
The Associations between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Range of Other Diseases：Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Li Liqun , Cen Qianli , Liu Lijian , Wei Jinxiu , Tan Jinjing , Li Jianfeng , Chen Yalu , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Guangwen , Xie Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple meta-analyses have reported inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of diverse diseases, but the evidence quality remains unclear.
Objectives
We aimed to summarize and evaluate this existing evidence on the associations between IBD and a range of diseases a-crossed from meta-analyses.
Methods
PubMed, the Cochrane Library Database, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI Databases, Wanfang Databases and VIP Database were searched to obtain eligible literatures from inception to November 1, 2019. We appraised the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses using AMSTAR 2 tool, and evaluated the quality of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach.
Results
Nineteen articles covering associations between IBD and 28 types of health outcomes were included. The methodological quality of meta-analyses was rated moderate for 5.26%, low for 21.05%, and critically low for 73.68%. Overall, summary effect estimates were significant in 26 meta-analyses. The evidence quality was rated high for 3.57%, moderate for 21.43%, low for 28.57%, and very low for 46.43%. Evidence quality was high for association between IBD and an increased periodontitis risk (OR = 4.55; 95% CI, 3.00-6.19). Evidence quality was moderate for associations between IBD and an increased thyroid cancer risk (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.48–2.07), myocardial infarction incidence (RR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–1.21), preterm birth incidence (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.67–2.05), stillbirth incidence (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.03–2.38), gallstone disease prevalence (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40–2.12), and vitamin D deficiency prevalence (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.30–2.08).
Conclusions
Though, associations between IBD and diverse diseases have been extensively studied, few of the reported associations have robust support. Further well-designed studies are essential to determine whether IBD increases the risk of other diseases.
Study on the ultrasonic guided wave and online visual monitoring for ultrasonic precise bonding
Authors: Sun Yibo , Cao Mengruo , Zou Li , Yang Xinhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic precise bonding is an emerging technology in the application of polymer micro-assembly. In the ultrasonic bonding process, the propagation of ultrasound varies with the change of the interfacial polymer physical state. So the ultrasonic guided wave is an effective parameter to in-situ monitor the fusion degree. The ultrasonic guided wave in the ultrasonic bonding process is studied by vibration analysis and online visual monitoring in this paper. The time-frequency characteristics in the ultrasonic guided wave in the bonding process are mainly analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform spectrum analysis, Wavelet Packet Decomposition, and envelope spectrum methods. The polymer interfacial fusion is monitored by the high-speed HD camera in the ultrasonic bonding process. The time-frequency characteristics in the ultrasonic guided wave and the fusion behavior of the thermal melt interface are analyzed and correlated. Results indicate that the change of the interfacial thermal melt state is related to the time-frequency characteristics of the ultrasonic guided wave. The fusion of the melting zone, the rotation of the micro-device, the generation or disappearance of local air bubbles all lead to the changing of the harmonic frequency and intensity in the ultrasonic bonding process.
Influence of Chinese National Centralized Drug Procurement on the price of policy-related drugs: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Wang Ni , Yang Ying , Xu Luxinyi , Mao Zongfu , Cui Dan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Chinese government implemented the first round of National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) pilot (so-called "4+7" policy) in mainland China in 2019. Under cross-price elasticity theory, the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises for policy-related drugs might change. This study aims to examine the impact of "4+7" policy on the price of policy-related drugs.Methods: This study used drug purchasing order data from the Centralized Drug Procurement Survey in Shenzhen 2019, covering 24 months from January 2018 to December 2019. Eighty-two drugs (by generic name) were selected as study samples, including "4+7" policy-related drugs (consisted of winning and non-winning products) and alternative drugs. Single-group Interruption Time Series (ITS) analysis was adopted to examine the change of Drug Price Index (DPI) for policy-related drugs.Results: The ITS analysis showed that the DPI of winning (-0.183 per month, p<0.0001) and non-winning (-0.034 per month, p=0.046) products significantly decreased after the implementation of "4+7" policy. No significant difference was found for the immediate change of DPI for alternative drugs (p=0.537), while a significant decrease in change trend was detected in the post-"4+7" policy period (-0.003 per month, p=0.014). The DPI of the overall policy-related drugs significantly decreased (-0.261 per month, p<0.0001) after "4+7" policy.Conclusions: These findings indicate that the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises changed under NCDP policy, while the price linkage effect is still limited. It is necessary to further expand the scope of centralized purchased drugs and strengthen the monitoring of related drugs regarding price change and consumption structure.
Influence of form and size of a root on the storage life of kitchen beetroot
Authors: Pusik Ludmila , Pusik Vlаdimir , Bondarenko Veronika , Gaevaya Ludmila , Lyubymova Nina , Sukhova Galyna , Didukh Nataliya , Slobodianyk Galina 
Published: April 2021

Kitchen beetroots have a series of high-value parameters: good taste properties, healing-prophylactic importance, ability to long-term storage. There are many sorts of kitchen beetroot, different by root form. Most widespread are ones of the round and cylindrical forms. At the same time plants of kitchen beetroot at growing form roots of different masses. The aim of the study was to investigate the storage life of kitchen beetroot depending on form and root sizes. The conducted studies give a possibility to substantiate scientifically an influence of kitchen beetroots’ form and sizes on their storage life for determining its term.
It has been established, that roots of the round form of the Kharkiv Bordo sort lost moisture more intensively at the expanse of breath and evaporation – 4.4–5.4 %. In the Vital sort with roots of the cylindrical form, mass natural losses were 4.1–5.1 %. At that more natural mass losses were in small roots with mass 150–300 g.
Small roots were more inclined to sprouting at storage. Among sprouted roots, 1.6–1.8 % were small ones with mass 150–300 g. More percent of sprouted roots was for ones with mass 500–700 g as 2.3–2.5 %. At that less percent of sprouted roots was in the Vital sort of the cylindrical form.
Small roots with mass 150–300 g were more damaged by rots at storage – 10.4–12.3 %. Among roots of middle sizes, 6.0–6.8 % were damaged by rots, among big ones – 4.5–4.7 %. It must be also noted, that cylindrical roots of the Vital sort were less damaged by rots at storage than round ones of the Kharkiv Bordo sort