bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hierarchical Framework for Measuring the Complexity and Irregularity of Multimodal Speech Signals and Its Application in the Assessment of Speech Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Rong Panying 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purposes of this study are to develop a novel multimodal framework for measuring variability at the muscular, kinematic, and acoustic levels of the motor speech hierarchy and evaluate the utility of this framework in detecting speech impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodThe myoelectric activities of three bilateral jaw muscle pairs (masseter, anterior temporalis, and anterior belly of digastric), jaw kinematics, and speech acoustics were recorded in 13 individuals with ALS and 10 neurologically healthy controls during sentence reading. Thirteen novel measures (six muscular, three kinematic, four acoustic), which characterized two different but interrelated aspects of variability—complexity and irregularity—were derived using linear and nonlinear methods. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify the latent factors underlying these measures. Based on the latent factors, three supervised classifiers—support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (Logit)—were used to differentiate between the speech samples for patients and controls.ResultsFour interpretable latent factors were identified, representing the complexity of jaw kinematics, the irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning, the irregularity of jaw agonists functioning, and the irregularity of subband acoustic signals, respectively. Based on these latent factors, the speech samples for patients and controls were classified with high accuracy (> 96% for SVM and RF; 88.64% for Logit), outperforming the unimodal measures. Two factors showed significant between-groups differences, as characterized by decreased complexity of jaw kinematics and increased irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning in patients versus controls.ConclusionsDecreased complexity of jaw kinematics presumably reflects impaired fine control of jaw movement, while increased irregularity of jaw antagonists functioning could be attributed to reduced synchronization of motor unit firing in ALS. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the multimodal framework as a novel quantitative assessment tool for detecting speech impairment in ALS and (potentially) in other neuromotor disorders.
Pain Relief by Analgesic Eardrops: Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of
Acute Otitis Media?
Authors: Michel Olaf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute otitis media is a common middle ear infection in children with the
predominant symptoms of hearing impairment and pain. If antibiotics are given,
they need time to have an effect on the inflammation, so the focus is on pain
control. For pain management local anesthetics have the advantage of lesser
systemic side effects but are still subject to scrutiny. In this review the
literature between 2000 and 2020 was systematically searched for investigating
studies and recommendation in guidelines against the background of the mode of
action. 11 clinical studies, 2 guidelines and 5 reports resp. reviews could be
identified. Contraindications and side effects were not found in these studies.
The analgesic ear drops showed in placebo-controlled studies a relatively short
duration of action when applied once but rapid onset of action. There is
evidence that analgesic ear drops could provide a first-line analgesia in otitis
media without systemic adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbance and
nausea and could support an antibiotic-saving wait-and-see attitude. The review
shows a change in attitude towards the recommendation to include local
anesthetics ear drops in otitis media but still there is a lack in treatment
protocols which go beyond a single administration. The results do not yet show a
significant paradigm shift. The reviews revealed indications that a more adapted
galenic preparation could give more effectiveness. Pharmaceutical research in
this field should be intensified to exploit the analgesic potential of local
anesthetic ear drops in acute otitis media.
Biomarker-Based Determination of Equiseti herba Contamination by Equisetum palustre Using HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Nowak Monika , Tipke Isabel , Bücker Luise , Franke Kerstin , Lubienski Marcus , Beuerle Till 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEquiseti herba has been traditionally indicated in bacterial diseases of the efferent urinary tract or bad healing wounds in many regions worldwide. Most of the plant material used for medical purposes comes from collections of wild growing plants. The European Pharmacopoeia requires that Equiseti herba should consist of a minimum of 95% Equisetum arvense and a maximum of 5% foreign ingredients. This includes Equisetum palustre, which is known for its potentially toxic alkaloid palustrine. However, both Equisetum species are quite common, look morphologically very similar, and share similar habitats, hence, are therefore often confused. Recently, several structurally related Equisetum alkaloids have been identified in E. palustre but not in E. arvense. We have established a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the detection of these E. palustre-specific Equisetum alkaloids in order
to quantify the contamination of Equiseti herba (E. arvense) by E. palustre plant material. In a second, independent approach, the results of the HPLC-MS/MS analysis were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, looking for the species-specific characteristics of the stoma apparatus of E. palustre. Thirty-four Equiseti herba products obtained from different pharmacies, drug stores, supermarkets, and web stores were analyzed. The majority of the products (26 out of 34) were Equisetum alkaloid positive, with contents ranging from 0.29 – 21.7 mg of Equisetum alkaloids/kg (d. w.). In addition, the transfer of Equisetum alkaloids into tea infusions was investigated, demonstrating a 42 to 60% transfer rate for cold and hot water extraction of Equisetum alkaloid-contaminated Equiseti herba, respectively.
Quantitative Removal of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Essential Oils by the Hydrodistillation Step in Their Manufacturing Process
Authors: Giera David S. , Preisitsch Michael , Brevard Hugues , Nemetz Jörn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain weeds that can, if accidentally co-harvested, contaminate plant-based food, feed, and herbal medicinal products. Focusing on herbal medicinal products, the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids is restricted by regulatory prescribed thresholds to assure patient safety. Among the multitude of different herbal active substances utilized in herbal medicinal products, the class of pharmaceutically effective essential oils is considered to exhibit a negligible contribution to pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination. Within the present investigation, this hypothesis should be scientifically scrutinized. For this purpose, an experimental set-up was chosen that reproduces the typical manufacturing step of hydrodistillation. Essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon were selected exemplarily and spiked with 3 representative pyrrolizidine alkaloids (retrorsine, retrorsine-N-oxide, and lycopsamine), whereupon
hydrodistillation was performed. Analysis of the resulting distillates by LC-MS/MS proved that artificially added pyrrolizidine alkaloids were removed completely. Moreover, quantitative pyrrolizidine alkaloid recovery in the aqueous phases was observed. Hence, it was experimentally confirmed that herbal medicinal products employing hydrodistilled essential oils of pharmaceutical quality are intrinsically free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids due to the particularities of their manufacturing process. Furthermore, it can be concluded from theoretical considerations that essential oils produced by cold pressing have a negligible risk of carrying pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination. Our findings provide a strong indication that the requirement for analytical pyrrolizidine alkaloid testing of essential oils for pharmaceutical use should be fundamentally reconsidered.
Pedicled Chimeric Perforator Flap Based on Inferior Gluteal Vessel Axis for the Reconstruction of Stage-Four Primary Ischial Pressure Sores—A New Design
Authors: Arikrishnan Dharanipriya , Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Janardhanam Jaganmohan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background “Subfascial void reconstruction” in ischial pressure sores (IPSs) goes a long way in the amelioration of the common complications like persistent drainage, infection, wound dehiscence, and late recurrence. No locoregional flaps suffice this requirement. So we have designed a chimeric pedicled flap based on the inferior gluteal vessel axis (IGVA) perforators with two tissue components: (1) Pacman-style fasciocutaneous flap on a perforator and (2) gluteus maximus muscle (inferior portion) on another independent perforator.
Aim and Methods After confirming the feasibility of novel design of chimeric pedicled IGVA perforator flap with cadaver study, we embarked on the clinical study with this chimeric flap. In this prospective cohort study, the study and the control existed in the same patient so that the biological factors affecting the wound healing would be the same.
Results Twenty-one patients were included whose mean age was 39 years. Late recurrence occurred in one patient (4.8%) of chimeric flap while the control group (who had undergone conventional reconstruction) had recurrence in 11 patients (52.4%). On assessment with overall institutional score, grade A was observed in 18 patients of the chimeric IGVA flap group (p < 0.045), and in only 3 patients of the control group.
Conclusions This anatomically construed flap, a new addendum in the armamentarium of reconstruction of IPSs, with its potential to congruently fill the ischiogluteal subfascial void may provide a lasting solution for preventing recurrences.
A Novel Procedure of Prepuce Reconstruction Customized to the Religious Needs of Some Individuals
Authors: Gupta Richie , Mehta Sandeep , Gupta Rajat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground Authors describe a novel procedure in a group of patients for prepuce reconstruction, ensuring complete glans penis coverage who had either been circumcised in childhood or had congenitally short prepuce.Methods Case records of all cases done by the novel method which involved penile degloving and maintenance of neoprepuce, with the help of de-epithelization of glans penis and a few key sutures performed over the period from January 2010 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 46 patients, 32 had congenitally short prepuce and 14 had previous circumcision.Results All the patients had complete glans penis coverage. None of the patients had complications like urinary infection, meatal stenosis, collection in neoprepucial sac, balanitis, or posthitis. The mean followup was 23.24 months in 37 patients. Nine lost to followup.Conclusions The procedure is simple, gives reliable results, and is customized to the needs of the patients. It does not interfere with penile erections.
Is Single-stage Microvascular Reconstruction for Facial Mucormycosis Safe?
Authors: Parvati R. , Subbalaxmi M. V. , Srikanth R. , Sajani P. , Koteswara Rao R. V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction This is a retrospective therapeutic series of eight cases of facial mucormycosis treated over a 15-year period to determine the safety of simultaneous debridement and free-flap reconstruction in facial mucormycosis.
Methods Surgical debridement was done for three cases that presented acutely with systemic manifestations (group 1) and five cases that presented in the subacute phase without systemic manifestations (group 2). The debridement involved total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration in three cases, total maxillectomy with orbital preservation in two, and subtotal maxillectomy in three cases. A total of seven out of eight patients underwent reconstruction with free flap for defect closure; in one patient, only primary closure of mucosa was done.
Results The mean follow-up was 20.5 months. Two patients with acute disease, where reconstruction was done, died in the postop period (on the 27th and 6th day post reconstruction, respectively) due to continuing infection and septic shock. One of the three (group 1), who presented acutely and underwent debridement alone, survived. Four of five patients in group 2 underwent successful free-flap reconstruction. The patient with free-flap loss was salvaged with an extracorporeal radial forearm flap. All except one patient had a soft-tissue free-flap reconstruction. Three of the six living patients reported for secondary surgery. The inability to achieve clear nonnecrotic surgical margins due to extensive disease was the reason for mortality in two patients in group 1. There was no mortality in any of the group 2 patients, even when debridement and free-flap coverage was done simultaneously.
Conclusion Simultaneous debridement and free flap can be successfully implemented in select cases of facial mucormycosis
Enhancing the electrical properties of high-Curie temperature BNT–PZT piezoceramics by oxides-hydrothermal method
Authors: Li Bo , Zhu Fei , Zheng Deyi , pang Chi , Fei Zihao 
Published: July 2021

The difference between the oxides-hydrothermal (O-HT) method and the traditional hydrothermal method is that the former uses insoluble or poorly soluble metal oxides as raw materials. The O-HT method is mainly used to study the luminescence properties of rare-earth nanomaterials. In this work, the O-HT method has been used for the synthesis of high-Curie temperature (high-TC) 0.3Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.7Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (0.3BNT–0.7PZT) piezoelectric ceramic powders at different hydrothermal synthesis temperatures. After the O-HT synthesis, ceramic powders are calcined and sintered. The effects of different hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the crystallinity, structure, morphology, and electrical performance of the products are investigated. At a low hydrothermal synthesis temperature of 200 °C for 12 h, well-crystallized ceramic powders are obtained. After sintering, the ceramic samples exhibit a dense microstructure and optimal electrical properties (εr = 6840, d33 = 501 pC/N, TC = 245 °C, Pr = 14.79 μC/cm2, and Ec = 16.86 kV/cm). The experimental results show that applying O-HT technology can dramatically induce grain growth during sintering and improve the piezoelectricity and Curie temperature of samples and that it has the advantages of energy saving, environmental recycling, and suitability for industrial mass production.
Academic writing and publishing
Authors: Edo-Marzá Nuria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong the challenges facing scholars at university today, producing quantity and quality publications with the highest possible impact is probably perceived by most of them as the greatest. This pressure places scholars before the well-known “publish or perish” dilemma, which each academic may perceive, confront and approach differently. This study aims to disclose and depict the reality behind the hand that writes, in particular, the attitudes, practices and perceptions of Spanish English-linguistics scholars in Spanish public universities regarding academic life and the creation and publication of their research articles. Accordingly, the human, perceptual and psycho-affective dimensions have proved essential in this study. The paper provides an overall view of the situation by summarising the quantitative findings of an extensive Questionnaire, as well as the qualitative outcomes obtained from a subsequent e-interview to scholars occupying different positions at Spanish public university, and provides an evidence-based foundation to foster more “author-friendly” practices.
Becoming a translation teacher
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Lawrence Jun , Wei Lan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Teachers who enter the translation teaching profession are generally in lack of training in how to teach
translation because such training is barely provided by the current professional or academic oriented translation programmes.
Therefore, they have to go through a process of learning to become translation teachers on the job in real teaching settings.
However, little has been documented systematically, either qualitatively or quantitatively, on how translation teachers,
especially beginning teachers, think of their teaching and themselves as teaching professionals. In this longitudinal case study,
we focused on one novice translation teacher and tried to understand how she constructed her translation teacher identity during
the first year of her teaching career. We employed emotions as a lens to investigate the process of her teacher identity
construction through collecting data from interviews and journals. Findings show that this particular participant’s teacher
identity went through a process of constructing, reconstructing and expanding. This process was accompanied by the negotiation
between her identity and the various positive and negative emotions that she experienced in the complex sociocultural context.
Implications for translation teachers, especially novice translation teachers, are discussed.
Operadores de afirmación confirmativos
Authors: Arroyo Hernández Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

Resumen
El artículo examina el comportamiento del operador de afirmación sipi en un corpus compuesto por
mensajes extraídos de la red social Twitter. A través del análisis de sus peculiaridades sintácticas y sus particulares valores
pragmático-discursivos -con los instrumentos de la gramática metaoperacional- se pretende, por un lado, superar su consideración
como mera variante coloquial del adverbio de polaridad sí y, por el otro, posicionarlo dentro de un mecanismo
general de “desdoblamiento” de operadores de afirmación y negación que en lenguas diversas da lugar a elementos de cierre
discursivo y carácter confirmativo.
Reflexiones y propuesta didáctica para desarrollar la competencia metalingüística
Authors: Cano Cambronero M.ª Ángeles 
Published: July 2021

Resumen
Este trabajo tiene tres objetivos. El primero es llevar a cabo una reflexión fundamentada y apoyada en la
bibliografía sobre la necesidad de trabajar la competencia metalingüística de manera explícita en las clases de Lengua Española.
El segundo objetivo consiste en una revisión crítica de una selección de libros de texto de Bachillerato para comprobar si la
presentación de los contenidos gramaticales y el enfoque de las actividades planteadas favorecen o no el desarrollo de dicha
competencia. Concretamente, esta revisión se centra en la enseñanza de las categorías gramaticales –unidades básicas del
análisis–, constatando que la transposición didáctica realizada por los libros de texto no deja de presentar problemas y
obstáculos que en nada ayudan a mejorar la competencia metalingüística de los estudiantes. Por último, el tercer objetivo es
esbozar una serie de ejercicios de gramática tomando como referencia la tipología de Ignacio Bosque y Ángel Gallego (2016), que permitan al alumno ejercitarse en capacidades como la observación, reflexión y
argumentación, y cuya finalidad es contribuir a que estos alcancen un conocimiento consciente y explícito de algunas propiedades
del sistema gramatical.
Justification of the asymptotic coupled mode approximation of out-of-plane gap solitons in Maxwell equations
Authors: Dohnal Tomáš , Romani Giulio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In periodic media gap solitons with frequencies inside a spectral gap but close to a spectral band can be formally approximated by a slowly varying envelope ansatz. The ansatz is based on the linear Bloch waves at the edge of the band and on effective coupled mode equations (CMEs) for the envelopes. We provide a rigorous justification of such CME asymptotics in two-dimensional photonic crystals described by the Kerr nonlinear Maxwell system. We use a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction procedure and a nested fixed point argument in the Bloch variables. The theorem provides an error estimate in

H

2

(

R

2

)

between the exact solution and the envelope approximation. The results justify the formal and numerical CME-approximation in Dohnal and Dörfler, [2013 Multiscale Model. Simul. 11 162–191].
Research on Virtual Simulation Teaching Practice Based on Internet of Things Specialty
Authors: Yan Weibin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things project belongs to the transformation major of application-oriented undergraduate. Therefore, the construction of talent training mode and curriculum sys-tem must be oriented by the industry’s talent demand and aim at the cultivation of students’ ability and quality. The development of technology leads to the short updating cycle of real equipment, high equipment price and long school purchasing cycle, which leads to the failure to update real teaching equipment in time. The virtual simulation experimental teaching center of the Internet of Things gives full play to the advantages of the computer experimental center, and builds a realistic virtual experimental teaching course by using the existing experimental equipment and resources of the experimental center according to the principle of combining re-ality with reality. Virtual learning situation analysis and teaching monitoring can promote knowledge, interest and autonomous learning ability to a certain extent. Through this research, front-line teachers can have a deep understanding of virtual simulation teaching, and great changes have taken place in teaching methods and learning methods, providing reference for teachers to carry out information-based practical teaching such as virtual simulation.
Traffic Light Planning Based on Distributed Constraint Optimization
Authors: Shi Meifeng , Wu Jun , Chen Yuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Most of traffic light planning algorithms only consider the congestion of single intersection without the interaction between intersections. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to large-scale transportation network. In order to alleviate traffic congestion, the traffic planning problem is modeled as a distributed constrained optimization problem. The model is based on the waiting cost caused by the difference order of green lights in each direction of the intersection. On the simulation platform, complete algorithm and incomplete algorithm are used to solve the model, and the corresponding green light change order of all intersections is obtained when the waiting cost of vehicles is the lowest in the traffic network. The experimental results show that complete algorithm can find the optimal solution to optimize the vehicle travel time in the scene of no count the traffic flow; incomplete algorithm can find the sub-optimal solution in the traffic network with statistical traffic flow to meet the real-time requirements.
Research on Factors Affecting Power Flow of Direct Current Grid Considering Different Control Modes
Authors: Liang Junyu , Yang Yang , Xingyu Yuan , Jiaquan Yang , Ma Yuze , Tao Siyi , Chen Xin , Huang Feifei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Direct Current grid technology based on flexible Direct Current transmission is one of the key means to solve large-scale grid integration and consumption of new energy. The flexible Direct Current transmission technology developed in recent years has superior control performance, strong flexibility, and independent control of active power. And reactive power, can be connected to the weak Alternating Current system. This article derives the power flow equation of the Direct Current transmission network by establishing a mathematical model of the Direct Current transmission network and combining different system-level control strategies in the Direct Current transmission network. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the power flow distribution of the Direct Current network when the master-slave control and droop control are adopted. The influence of the two control methods on the power flow distribution of the Direct Current network is compared through a calculation example.