bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2B-Alert Web 2.0, an Open-Access Tool for Predicting Alertness and Optimizing the Benefits of Caffeine: Utility Study
Authors: Reifman Jaques , Kumar Kamal , Hartman Luke , Frock Andrew , Doty Tracy J , Balkin Thomas J , Ramakrishnan Sridhar , Vital-Lopez Francisco G 
Published: November 2021

Background
One-third of the US population experiences sleep loss, with the potential to impair physical and cognitive performance, reduce productivity, and imperil safety during work and daily activities. Computer-based fatigue-management systems with the ability to predict the effects of sleep schedules on alertness and identify safe and effective caffeine interventions that maximize its stimulating benefits could help mitigate cognitive impairment due to limited sleep. To provide these capabilities to broad communities, we previously released 2B-Alert Web, a publicly available tool for predicting the average alertness level of a group of individuals as a function of time of day, sleep history, and caffeine consumption.

Objective
In this study, we aim to enhance the capability of the 2B-Alert Web tool by providing the means for it to automatically recommend safe and effective caffeine interventions (time and dose) that lead to optimal alertness levels at user-specified times under any sleep-loss condition.

Methods
We incorporated a recently developed caffeine-optimization algorithm into the predictive models of the original 2B-Alert Web tool, allowing the system to search for and identify viable caffeine interventions that result in user-specified alertness levels at desired times of the day. To assess the potential benefits of this new capability, we simulated four sleep-deprivation conditions (sustained operations, restricted sleep with morning or evening shift, and night shift with daytime sleep) and compared the alertness levels resulting from the algorithm’s recommendations with those based on the US Army caffeine-countermeasure guidelines. In addition, we enhanced the usability of the tool by adopting a drag-and-drop graphical interface for the creation of sleep and caffeine schedules.

Results
For the 4 simulated conditions, the 2B-Alert Web–proposed interventions increased mean alertness by 36% to 94% and decreased peak alertness impairment by 31% to 71% while using equivalent or smaller doses of caffeine as the corresponding US Army guidelines.

Conclusions
The enhanced capability of this evidence-based, publicly available tool increases the efficiency by which diverse communities of users can identify safe and effective caffeine interventions to mitigate the effects of sleep loss in the design of research studies and work and rest schedules.
Developing an mHealth Application to Coordinate Nurse-Provided Respite Care Services for Families Coping With Palliative-Stage Cancer: Protocol for a User-Centered Design Study
Authors: Castro Aimee R , Arnaert Antonia , Moffatt Karyn , Kildea John , Bitzas Vasiliki , Tsimicalis Argerie 
Published: November 2021

Background
Patients living with palliative-stage cancer frequently require intensive care from their family caregivers. Without adequate community support services, patients are at risk of receiving inadequate care, and family caregivers are at risk for depression and poor health. For such families, in-home respite care can be invaluable, particularly when the services are flexible and staffed by trusted care providers, such as nurses. Other industries are using mobile apps to make services more flexible. However, few apps have been developed to coordinate nurse-provided respite care services, and to our knowledge, none have been designed in conjunction with families affected by cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop a mobile health (mHealth) app prototype for coordinating flexible and trusted in-home respite care services provided by nurses to families coping with palliative-stage cancer in Québec, Canada.

Methods
This user-centered design research comprises the core component of the iRespite Services iRépit research program. For this study, we are recruiting 20 nurses, 15 adults with palliative-stage cancer, and 20 of their family caregivers, from two palliative oncology hospital departments and one palliative home-care community partner. Overseen by an Expert Council, remote data collection will occur over three research phases guided by the iterative Information Systems Research Framework: Phase 1, brainstorming potential app solutions to challenging respite care scenarios, for better supporting the respite needs of both family caregivers and care recipients; Phase 2, evaluating low-fidelity proofs of concept for potential app designs; and Phase 3, usability testing of a high-fidelity interactive proof of concept that will then be programmed into an app prototype. Qualitative and quantitative data will be descriptively analyzed within each phase and triangulated to refine the app features.

Results
We anticipate that preliminary results will be available by Spring 2022.

Conclusions
An app prototype will be developed that has sufficient complimentary evidence to support future pilot testing in the community. Such an app could improve the delivery of community respite care services provided to families with palliative-stage cancer in Québec, supporting death at home, which is where most patients and their families wish to be.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/34652
An overview of canopy management in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Adiga D J , Veena G L , Thondaiman V , Babli M 
Published: November 2021

Being a tree crop of commercial importance, the productive performance of cashew is greatly influenced by how best its canopy is architectured for harnessing maximum benefits in terms of yield. The initial training is crucial for the development of photosynthetically efficient canopy in cashew as in other perennial fruit trees. Pruning of dead wood and crisscross branches can alone increase the yield by 30-40 per cent. The dwarf rootstocks also play a role in manipulating the canopy in cashew, wherein, canopy containment and yield were influenced by such rootstocks. By resorting to soil application of growth retardants like paclobutrazol, cashew canopy could be successfully contained to suit high density planting system. The studies on planting geometry has indicated the advantage of high density planting in enhancing profitability of cashew orchards in the initial years of plantation. The advantages of rejuvenation as well as top working techniques are also discussed in this aper.
KUAT TEKAN BETON GEOPOLIMER MENGGUNAKAN ABU TERBANG
Authors: Karyawan Salain I Made Alit , Wiryasa Ngakan Made Anom , Adi Pamungkas I Nym Mahendra Martha 
Published: November 2021

Semen merupakan bahan utama membuat beton, yang menghasilkan gas CO2 pada proses produksinya yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Kebutuhan semen yang meningkat setiap tahunnya membuat semen lebih banyak diproduksi, sehingga perlu dilakukan inovasi membuat beton salah satunya beton geopolimer. Penelitian membuat beton geopolimer dengan bahan dasar abu terbang dan aktivator NaOH dan Na2SiO3. Gradasi butiran pasir dan koral dirancang, pada zona 2 dan gradasi koral dengan butiran maksimum 20 mm. persentase agregat dengan abu terbang dan aktivator sebesar 75%:25%. Perbandingan pasir dan koral digunakan 1:1,24. Dibuat 3 campuran C1,C2, dan C3 dengan persentase abu terbang dan aktivator sebesar C1, 70%:30%, C2 65%:35%, dan C3 60%:40%. Perbandingan Na2SiO3 dan NaOH sebesar 1:1.5 dengan molaritas NaOH 14 M. Beton dicetak kubus 15 cm x 15 cm, kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 700C selama 24 jam. Pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari masing masing menggunakan 3 benda uji. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan campuran yang terbaik dan menghasilkan kuat tekan beton yang tertinggi. Hasil menyatakan bahwa pengurangan jumlah abu terbang dan penambahan aktivator meningkatkan nilai slump beton geopolimer, serta menurunkan kuat tekan beton geopolimer. Beton geopolimer mengalami peningkatan kuat tekan hingga 14 hari, hal ini terjadi pada beton C1, C2, dan C3. Pada umur 14 hari hingga 28 hari kuat tekan beton geopolimer tidak mengalami perkembagan, bahkan cenderung mengalami penurunan terutama pada beton C3. Campuran beton geopolimer yang terbaik terdapat pada beton C2, dengan kuat tekan sebesar 48,89 MPa pada umur 28 hari.
Бердыши ХVII в. из раскопок Соловецкого монастыря
Authors: В.А. Буров 
Published: November 2021

В ходе раскопок на территории Соловецкого монастыря найдено 5 бердышей. Эти редкие артефакты конкретизируют представления о холодном оружии, находившемся на вооружении защитников Соловецкой крепости. Первое упоминание бердышей в описи оружия монастыря 1632 г. не позволяет их датировать ранее второй четверти ХVII в. Подборка исторических свидетельств о соловецких бердышах дает возможность проследить их судьбу на протяжении трех веков.
The excavations carried out within the compound of the Solovetsky monastery revealed five berdishes. These rare artifacts clarify our knowledge of cold steel weapons used by the defenders of the Solovetskaya fortress. The first mentioning of berdishes in the list of monastery weapons compiled in 1632 does not allow us to date them the period earlier than the second quarter of the 17th century. The selection of historical evidence regarding the Solovetsky berdishes gives an insight into their life history stretching over three centuries.
RITUAL PITS AT THE MIDDLE DON SETTLEMENTS OF THE SCYTHIAN PERIOD
Authors: Разуваев Ю.Д. 
Published: November 2021

На городищах и селищах скифоидной культуры, существовавших в VIIII вв. до н. э. в лесостепной части бассейна Дона, фактически не были известны сооружения культового назначения. Для выявления таковых были проанализированы имеющиеся поселенческие материалы. Оказалось, что не менее 16 ям, открытых на шести памятниках и считавшихся хозяйственными, необходимо интерпретировать как ритуальные комплексы. Основанием для этого послужили специфичные находки и стратиграфия. Семь ям содержали человеческие кости вместе с костями животных и фрагментами керамики. В другие в качестве вотивных приношений были помещены наконечники стрел и копья, орудия труда, глиняные поделки и сосуды, нередко преднамеренно разбитые. Есть немногочисленные ритуальные захоронения собак. Как правило, в ямах имеются следы костров или продукты горения. Более половины сооружений найдены на Семилукском городище. Они, несомненно, были связаны с размещавшимися там же массовыми захоронениями. С выделением серии культовых комплексов появилась совершенно новая информация о сакральной сфере жизни оседлого населения региона.
In reality, religious constructions have not been found at Scythoid hillforts and unfortified settlements in the forest-steppe belt of the Don basin. Settlement materials were analyzed to identify such constructions. The analysis demonstrated that at least 16 pits (Figs. 1-3) discovered at six sites that were considered to be of household character are to be interpreted as ritual complexes. Specific finds and stratigraphy were used to justify this conclusion. Seven pits contained human bones along with animal bones and ceramic fragments. Arrowheads and spearheads, implements, clay objects and vessels which were, in many cases, deliberately broken (Figs. 4; 5) were placed into some pits as votive offerings. There are some ritual burials of dogs that are few in number. Pits tend to show traces of fire or combustion products. More than half of such constructions were found at Semiluki. They are definitely associated with mass burials located at this settlement. Now that a series of religious complexes has been singled out, we have absolutely new information on sacral life of the sedentary population living in this region
MICROBIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF INITIAL PRESENCE OF FAT IN VESSELS FROM BURIALS OF ALANIC CULTURE
Authors: Чернышева Е. В. , Борисов А. В. , Малашев В. Ю. 
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты определения липазной активности в образцах грунта из заполнений керамических сосудов из погребений в целях выявления исходного присутствия жира в составе ритуальной пищи. Уровень липазной активности в почве прямо зависит от количества поступающего субстрата (жира). После разложения органических остатков в почве формируется ферментный пул, который может сохраняться на протяжении неопределенно длительного периода времени. Предлагаемый нами новый методический подход позволил достоверно выявить сосуды, содержащие жир растительного и/или животного происхождения, что в первую очередь было характерно для образцов грунта из кружек.
The article presents the results of determining lipase activity in soil samples from the filling of ceramic vessels from burials in order to identify the initial presence of fat as component of ritual food. The level of lipase activity in the soil directly depends on the amount of incoming materials (fats). After decomposition of organic residues in the soil, an enzyme pool is formed, which can be preserved for an indefinitely long period of time. Our new methodological approach made it possible to reliably identify vessels containing fat of vegetable and/or animal origin, which was primarily characteristic of soil samples from small jugs.
DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) FROM YENISEYSK (17th-19th CENTURIES)
Authors: Бачура О. П. , Лобанова Т. В. , Визгалов Г. П. 
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена описанию остеологической коллекции собак (103 экз.) из раскопок усадьбы Баландина XVIII-XIX вв. в г. Енисейске. Исследования показали, что это были собаки мелкого и среднего размера. Мелкая форма собак, по-видимому, происходит от каких-то привозных пород. Собаки средних размеров образовались от местных восточносибирских лаек. Продолжительность жизни собак небольшая -около 6 лет, что было обусловлено плохими условиями их содержания.
The paper describes osteological selection of dogs (103 specimens) from the excavations of the Balandin's town mansion dating to the 18th-19th centuries in the city of Yeniseysk. According to the research, the dogs were small and of medium size. Small dogs were apparently brought into the city from some other places whereas the ancestors of the medium-size dogs were local East Siberian Laikas. These dogs did not live for a long time, in many cases, around six years, which was explained by poor animal welfare.
HIGH-TEMPERATURE MICRONIZATION OF FLAX SEEDS
Authors: ЗВЕРЕВ С.В. , ЗУБЦОВ В.А. 
Published: November 2021

Проведены исследования процесса термообработки семян льна для снижения их влажности. Эксперименты проводили на лабораторной установке путем нагрева сырья в потоке инфракрасного (ИК) излучения – микронизации. Получена зависимость текущего влагосодержания от температуры зерна и исходной влажности. Установлена ее инвариантность к режимам нагрева. Предложена математическая модель изменения влагосодержания от температуры семян и исходной влажности. Для разработки модели влагопотери использованы зависимости, описывающие изменение температуры и влажности от времени в процессе нагрева, полученные А.В. Лыковым и его учениками. Обоснованы рациональные технологические режимы получения стабилизированных семян льна с минимальной активностью окислительных ферментов, улучшенными органолептическими свойствами и повышенным объемом. Разработанный способ включает очистку семян льна от примесей, пропаривание водяным паром, термическую обработку методом ИК-облучения и охлаждение до комнатной температуры.
Researches of process of heat treatment of seeds of flax for decrease in their humidity are carried out. Experiments were carried out at the laboratory facility by heating the raw material in the flow of infrared (IR) radiation – micronization. The experimental dependences of seed temperature and humidity on the heating time under different modes of infrared heat treatment are obtained. The dependence of the current moisture content on the grain temperature and initial humidity is obtained and its invariance to the heating regimes is established. The proposed mathematical model the change of moisture content from the temperature of the seeds and initial moisture content. To develop the model of moisture loss used dependences describing the change in temperature and humidity from time to time in the heating process, obtained A.V. Lykov and his students. Rational technological regimes of obtaining stabilized flax seeds with minimal activity of oxidative enzymes improved organoleptic properties and increased volume are explain. The developed method consists of cleaning flax seed from impurities, steaming by water vapor, heat treatment by IR irradiation, and cooling to room temperature.
MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF INULINASE ASPERGILLUS AWAMORI 2250
Authors: ШЕВЦОВ А.А. , МАЖУЛИНА И.В. , ТЕРТЫЧНАЯ Т.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Цель работы – повышение точности и надежности управления процессом производства биомассы аэробных микроорганизмов, снижение удельных энергозатрат и повышение выхода готовой культуры. Разработан алгоритм управления процессом производства биомассы аэробных микроорганизмов. В качестве объекта производства использован ферментный препарат инулиназа, полученный глубинным способом с использованием продуцента грибов Aspergillus awamori 2250. Процесс культивирования осуществлялся в вертикальном ферментере серии Biostat (Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Германия) с рабочим объемом 100 л, предназначенным для выращивания микроорганизмов глубинным способом. Для стабилизации температурных режимов культивирования в инокуляторе, непосредственном выращивании микроорганизмов в ферментере и охлаждении готовой культуры в приемных сборниках осуществляли подготовку теплой и холодной воды с использованием пароэжекторной холодильной машины, работающей в режиме теплового насоса. Алгоритм управления производства биомассы микроорганизмов Aspergillus awamori 2250 позволил обеспечить стабилизацию параметров в области оптимальных значений и увеличить выход готовой культуры; предотвратить выброс отработанных теплоносителей в окружающую среду; обеспечить существенную экономию теплоэнергетических затрат за счет рекуперации и утилизации отработанных энергоносителей в замкнутых термодинамических циклах по материальным и энергетическим потокам.
The work purpose – increase in accuracy and reliability of management of process of production of biomass of aerobic microorganisms, decrease in specific energy consumption and increase in an exit of ready culture. Algorithm of process of production of biomass of aerobic microorganisms is developed. Process of cultivation was carried out in a vertical fermenter of Sartorius Stedim Biotech of the Biostat series with the working volume of 100 liters intended for cultivation of microorganisms. For stabilization of temperature conditions of cultivation in an inokulyator, direct cultivation of culture of microorganisms in a fermenter and cooling of ready culture in reception collections carried out preparation of warm and cold water with use of the paroezhektorny refrigerator working in the thermal pump mode. The control algorithm of production of biomass of microorganisms of Aspergillus awamori 2250 has allowed to provide stabilization of parameters in the field of optimum values and to increase an exit of ready culture; to prevent emission of the fulfilled heat carriers in the environment; to provide essential economy of heat power expenses due to recovery and utilization of the fulfilled energy carriers in the closed thermodynamic cycles on material and power streams.
SELF-CLEANING FILTER WITH THE USE OF MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED PARTICLES
Authors: ШОРСТКИЙ И.А. 
Published: November 2021

Представлена конструкция фильтра с динамичным фильтрующим слоем на основе магнитоуправляемых частиц. В качестве основного подхода к технической реализации конструкции фильтра использован метод управления структурой массива частиц внешним вращающимся магнитным полем. Показаны возможность создания динамичной пористой структуры фильтроэлемента с плотной упаковкой частиц, а также процесс самоочистки установки, не требующий дополнительных инженерных коммуникаций. Основные характеристики самоочищающегося фильтра показали хорошую сходимость данных теоретического расчета параметров фильтрации и эксперимента. Основными результатами работы являются: механизм формирования динамичной пористой структуры фильтроэлемента и его морфология, анализ качества фильтруемой среды после прохождения через фильтроэлемент, а также основные технические характеристики фильтра и его возможности. Полученные результаты – основа для проведения исследований разработанной установки самоочищающегося фильтра с динамичной пористой структурой с перспективой применения в процессах водоподготовки в промышленном масштабе.
The design of the filter with a dynamic filter layer based on magnetically controlled particles is presented. As the main approach to the technical implementation of the filter design, the method of controlling the structure of the particle array by an external rotating magnetic field is used. The possibility of creation of a dynamic cellular structure of a close-packed filter element of particles and also process of self-wiping of the installation which is not demanding padding utilities is shown. Experimental and theoretical data of the main filtration equipment characteristics showed a good convergence. The main results of work are the mechanism of formation of a dynamic cellular structure of a filter element and its morphology, the analysis of quality of the filtered environment after passing through a filter element and also the main technical the characteristic of the filter and its opportunity. The received results are a basis for carrying out a number of researches on scaling of the developed installation of the self-cleaning filter with a dynamic cellular structure to the commercial scale with the prospect of application in water treatment processes.
FEATURES OF CHAMPAGNE TECHNOLOGY IN KRASNODAR REGION
Authors: НИКОНОВ О.И. , БЕЛИНА Н.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Представлен обзор наиболее оптимальных технологических приемов производства шампанских виноматериалов в Краснодарском крае. Приведены сорта винограда, позволяющие получить высокое качество готового продукта, а также факторы, влияющие на органолептические показатели получаемого шампанского. Перечислены основные технологические этапы производства шампанских вин. Показано влияние температурной обработки виноматериалов на качество готового продукта.
The review of the most optimal technological operations of production of champagne in Krasnodar region is presented. Grapes varieties, which form the best quality of the finished product, and factors affecting on the organoleptic characteristics of champagne, are given. Main technological stages of processing of champagne wines are listed. The effect of temperature processing of wine materials on the quality of the finished product is shown.
Studi Karakteristik Arus Pasang Surut Muara Sungai Mempawah
Authors: Gunawan Topang , Kushadiwijayanto Arie Antasari , Nurrahman Yusuf Arief , Muliadi Muliadi , Risko Risko 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian mengenai pengaruh pasang surut terhadap perubahan pola pergerakan arus di Muara Sungai Mempawah telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Maret 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik arus yang dibangkitkan oleh fenomena pasang surut atau lebih dikenal sebagai arus pasut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pasang surut di lokasi penelitian mengalami distorsi akibat pengaruh berkurangnya kedalaman sehingga menimbulkan munculnya fenomena asimteri pasut. Berdasarkan hasil visualisasi data pengamatan diketahui bahwa arus lebih dominan bergerak keluar menuju laut, pergerakan arus yang masuk menuju sungai hanya ditemukan pada pasang purnama saat fase bulan baru dan bulan purnama. Karakteristik pola arus yang didapatkan menunjukan arus akan bergerak memasuki sungai ketika air mulai pasang dengan kecepatan arus yang relatif kecil, sebaliknya ketika air mulai surut kecepatan arus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan ditandai dengan perubahan arah pergerakan arus yang keluar menuju laut