bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspective on robotic spine surgery: Who’s doing the thinking?
Authors: Epstein Nancy E 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Robotic assisted (RA) spine surgery was developed to reduce the morbidity for misplaced thoracolumbar (TL) pedicle screws (PS) resulting in neurovascular injuries, dural fistulas, and/or visceral/other injuries. RA is gaining the attention of spine surgeons to optimize the placement of TL PSs, and to do this more safely/effectively versus utilizing stereotactic navigation alone, or predominantly free hand (FH) techniques. However, little attention is being focused on whether a significant number of these TL RA instrumented fusions are necessary.

Methods:
RA spine surgery has been developed to improve the safety, efficacy, and accuracy of minimally invasive TL versus open FH PS placement.

Results:
Theoretical benefits of RA spine surgery include; enhanced accuracy of screw placement, fewer complications, less radiation exposure, smaller incisions, to minimize blood loss, reduce infection rates, shorten operative times, reduce postoperative recovery periods, and shorten lengths of stay. Cons of RA include; increased cost, increased morbidity with steep learning curves, robotic failures of registration, more soft tissue injuries, lateral skiving of drill guides, displacement of robotic arms impacting accurate PS placement, higher reoperation rates, and potential loss of accuracy with motion versus FH techniques. Notably, insufficient attention has been focused on the necessity for performing many of these TL PS instrumented fusions in the first place.

Conclusion:
RA spinal surgery is still in its infancy, and comparison of RA versus FH techniques for TL PS placement demonstrates several potential pros, but also multiple cons. Further, more attention must be focused on whether many of these TL PS instrumented procedures are even warranted.
BAHASA PRODUKTIF ANAK 2--3 TAHUN DALAM KOMUNIKASI SEHARI-HARI
Authors: Septiana Ika 
Published: October 2021

AbstrakTujuan tulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa produktif anak 2--3 tahun dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Anak 2—3 tahun termasuk dalam golongan balita yaitu bayi di bawah lima tahun. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, anak balita melakukan kegiatan komunikasi dengan berbagai variasi bahasa produktif baik dari hasil tiruan maupun produksi mandiri dari anak. Anak memproduksi kata secara mandiri dari hasil menyimak maupun mengamati percakapan orang sekitar. Kadang-kadang anak diajak komunikasi dengan lebih dari satu bahasa dalam satu tuturan sehingga menyebabkan alih kode dan campur kode dalam komunikasi, hal ini mengakibatkan anak berkomunikasi dengan dua bahasa atau lebih. Dalam komunikasi sehari-hari dengan anak balita dihasilkan bahasa yang beragam sehingga kata yang dituturkan terkadang kurang dapat dipahami. Untuk memahami tuturan anak balita juga diperlukan pemahaman psikologi anak dari segi emosi, sikap, karakter, dan kondisi anak. Lingkungan jurga perlu diperhatikan utnuk memahami tuturan anak, baik lingkungan internal maupun eksternal. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan data berupa tuturan, sedangkan sumber data penelitian ini adalah anak 2—3 tahun. Kata kunci: bahasa produktif; anak 2--3 tahun; komunikasi sehari-hari AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the productive language of children 2--3 years old in daily communication. Children 2-3 years are included in the toddler category, namely babies under five years. In everyday life, children under five carry out communication activities with various variations of productive language, both from imitation and independent production from children. Children produce words independently from the results of listening to and observing the conversations of people around them. Sometimes children are invited to communicate in more than one language in one speech, causing code switching and code mixing in communication, this results in the child communicating in two or more languages. In daily communication with toddlers, various languages are produced so that the words spoken are sometimes less understandable. To understand the utterances of children under five, it is also necessary to understand children's psychology in terms of emotions, attitudes, characters, and children's conditions. The heavenly environment needs to be considered to understand children's speech, both internal and external. This research is a qualitative research by describing the data in the form of speech, while the data source of this research is children 2-3 years old. Key words: productive language; children 2--3 years; daily communication
Performance inheritance and combining ability of spring barley accessions
Authors: Zymogliad O. V. , Kozachenko M. R. , Vasko N. I. , Solonechnyi P. M. , Vazhenina O. E. , Naumov O. G. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose and objectives. To establish the gene interaction types in the performance inheritance, to evaluate the combining abilities and effects of genes for this trait in spring barley accessions.
Materials and methods. We investigated 75 F1 spring barley hybrid combinations derived from crossing 25 female forms with three male ones (chaffy and naked). Crossing was conducted in accordance with topcross design. F1 seeds and parents were sown with a cassette breeding planter SKS-6A. Grain pea was the forecrop. The plot area was 0.20 m2. The interrow distance was 0.20 m; the inter-plot tracks were of 0.50 m. Crossings were performed in two replications. Plants were harvested manually, with roots.
For structural analysis, 20 typical plants were chosen from each F1 hybrid population, and the performance inheritance was determined by dominance degree (hp). The obtained data were grouped and gene interaction types were determined as per G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins’s classification. Using two-factor analysis of variance in STATISTICA 10, we found significant differences between the GCA and SCA variances for the performance and evaluated the combining ability effects.
Results and discussion. In 2019–2020, the features of 22 spring barley cultivars and three lines were described in terms of the gene interaction types in the performance inheritance and combining ability. On this basis, the prospects of biotype selections were evaluated. In the arid conditions of 2019, F1 only showed positive over dominance, while in favorable 2020 the inheritance types varied from positive to negative overdominance. In the two years, the general combining ability was high in female cultivars Khors and Troian. The male components did not show consistently high GCA for the both years. Hybrids between accessions with a high GCA and accessions with a lower or intermediate GCA may be promising in breeding due appearance of positive transgressions in the offspring. In 2019, the SCA effects were significantly strong in female forms Troian, Datcha, Gladys, Grace, Gatunok, Modern, and Herkules and in male forms Ahrarii and Scrabble.
Conclusions. The study found that the gene interaction types in the spring barley performance inheritance depended on cross combinations and growing conditions. In unfavorable 2019, F1 only showed positive overdominance (heterosis), while in favorable 2020, positive overdominance, positive dominance and intermediate inheritance were observed. In 2019–2020, the high GCA was seen in female cultivars Khors and Troian. The strong SCA effects were noticed in female components Troian, Datcha, Gladys, Grace, Gatunok, Modern, and Herkules and male forms Agrarii and Scrabble. The hybrid combinations with the maximum probability of producing transgressive segregants have been selected
Semantic Supervised Training for General Artificial Cognitive Agents
Authors: Dushkin Roman V. , Stepankov Vladimir Y. 
Published: October 2021

The article describes the authors’ approach to the construction of general-level artificial cognitive agents based on the so-called «semantic supervised learning». Within this approach in accordance with the hybrid paradigm of artificial intelligence, both machine learning methods and methods of the symbolic approach («good old-fashioned artificial intelligence») are used. A description of current problems with understanding of the general meaning and context of situations in which narrow AI agents are found is presented. The definition of semantic supervised learning is given and its relationship with other machine learning methods is described. In addition, a thought experiment is presented, which shows the essence and meaning of semantic training with a teacher, which makes it possible to «educate» a general-level AI agent. It opens the opportunity to apply not only general-level knowledge about the world around the agent, but also introduce the personal experience, which, according to the authors, will lead to a full understanding of the context and, ultimately, to the construction of general artificial cognitive agents. The article also provides a possible architecture for an artificial cognitive agent that can implement semantic supervised learning. The novelty of the work lies in the authors’ approach to combining various methods of artificial intelligence within the hybrid paradigm. The relevance of the work is based on the ever-increasing interest in general-level artificial intelligence methods in science, technology, business and world politics. The article is theoretical. The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of artificial intelligence (especially in the direction of building artificial general intelligence), philosophy of consciousness, and in general to all those who are interested in up-to-date relevant information about the approaches and methods of implementing general artificial cognitive agents.
EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN INFORMASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI COOPERATIVE LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA MENGENAI BAHAYA SEKS BEBAS
Authors: Sujadi Eko , Noviani Yesi 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak. Sekolah merupakan tempat dimana siswa dapat mengembangkan pemahaman yang positif maupun negatif, salah satunya mengenai bahaya seks bebas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa mengenai bahaya seks bebas melalui penerapan layanan informasi dengan menggunakan strategi cooperative learning. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 26 Kerinci sebanyak 23 siswa. Pengumpulan datanya diperoleh dengan menggunakan skala likert. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan yakni Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Adapun temuan penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan pemahaman Siswa mengenai bahaya seks bebas kepada siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan (Pretest) dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan (Posttest) berupa Layanan Informasi dengan mengunakan Strategi Cooperative Learning.
Identifikasi Sikap Empati Pengasuh pada Anak Binaan Panti Asuhan
Authors: Ulya Rauzatul , Yusuf M. Jamil , Indra Syaiful 
Published: October 2021

Abstrak. Empati adalah kemampuan merasakan emosi orang lain baik secara fisiologis maupun mental yang terbangun pada berbagai keadaan batin orang lain. Perubahan biologis ini akan muncul ketika individu berempati dengan orang lain. Hal yang tidak sesuai dengan diharapkan adanya pengasuh yang cuek, tidak peduli dan antipati, sehingga membuat anak asuh tidak berani berkomunikasi langsung dengan pengasuhnya sehingga membuat anak asuh kurang nyaman dan betah tinggal di panti asuhan. Oleh karena itu yang menjadi tujuan umum penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mengetahui identifikasi sikap empati pengasuh pada anak binaan pada Panti Asuhan Bumi Moro Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Sedangkan tujuan khususnya yaitu: untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk empati pengasuh dalam pengasuhan anak binaan, untuk mengetahui sikap pengasuh yang menunjukkan empati pada anak binaan dilihat dari verbal dan non verbal, untuk mengetahui respon anak binaan terhadap empati yang diberikan oleh pengasuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan 5 kriteria dan 7 orang responden, teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil yang di peroleh dalam penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Bentuk-bentuk empati pengasuh dalam pengasuhan anak binaan sudah berhasil dilakukan dengan cara memeluk, meranggkul dan mengusap kepala anak asuh ketika mendengarkan persoalan yang dialami anak asuh di panti asuhan. (2) Sikap pengasuh yang menunjukkan empati pada anak binaan dilihat dari verbal dan non verbal pengasuh sudah memberikan perhatikan terhadap anak asuh dengan cara menjenguk anak asuh ke kamar, duduk bersama anak asuh, ikut makan bersama dan sebagainya sehingga anak asuh merasa ada yang peduli terhadap dirinya. (3) Respon anak binaan terhadap empati yang diberikan oleh pengasuh diketahui bahwa anak asuh bahagia dan nyaman tinggal di panti asuhan karena memiliki pengasuh yang lemah lembut dan perhatian terhadap diri anak asuh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sikap empati pengasuh dapat membantu mengetahui perasaan dan kondisi yang dialami oleh anak binaan.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Akuntansi dan Kepribadian Wirausaha Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Provinsi Sumatra Barat
Authors: Rizka Rizka , Ethika Ethika , M Resti Yulistia 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial
personality on managerial performance in manufacturing companies located in the province
of West Sumatra. List of manufacturing companies was obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik
(BPS) Padang.
Data was collected by survey method. Data obtained using a questionnaire
distributed to managers. For the selection of samples was done by purposive sampling
method. Analysis using testing through test the validity and reliability of the data, the
classical assumption test (test for normality, multicollinearity), multiple linear regression
hypothesis test.
The study concluded the effect of accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial
personality simultaneously influence on managerial performance, but partially
entrepreneurial personality has no effect on managerial performance.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PEMBAYARAN PIUTANG PADA PT WINGOH ALBINDO
Authors: Wulandari Sri Ayu , Debataraja Mintauli , Warseno Warseno 
Published: October 2021

Penggunaan kemajuan teknologi di bidang teknologi informasi sangat strategis untuk membantu
menyelesaikan masalah perusahaan, namun di PT Wingoh Albindo belum menggunakan penerapan
berbasis web, dalam monitoring pembayaran piutang masih menggunakan microsoft excel sehingga
mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan piutang yang sudah dan yang akan jatuh tempo. Oleh sebab
itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah perusahaan dan staff A.R (Account Receivable) yang
bekerja di dalam-nya untuk dapat memonitoring pembayaran piutang dari customer. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dengan metode analisa SWOT, perancangan sistem dengan menggunakan UML (Unified
Modelling Language) untuk menggambarkan secara visualisasi. Untuk bahasa pemrograman yang
dipakai adalah PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), database server dengan MySQL, sublime text 2,
framework Codeigniter dan web server dengan XAMPP. Dengan sudah adanya sistem monitoring
pembayaran piutang ini akan memudahkan staff A.R (Account Receivable) untuk melihat dan memantau
piutang customer dalam perusahaan dan juga memudahkan dalam membuat laporan pembayaran
piutang serta juga menghasilkan laporan yang cepat dan akurat.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA DI DAERAH 3T
Authors: Situmorang Dokman Marulitua , Hapsari Veneranda Rini , Marpaung Oktavia 
Published: October 2021

Berdasarkan observasi awal, beberapa permasalahan atau kesulitan dialami oleh para pengelola desa dalam melakukan pengelolaan dan pelaporan keuangan di Kabupaten Bengkayang. Ada juga kendala dan kesulitan di lapangan: Kurangnya pelatihan untuk aplikasi tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan di lapangan, menu di aplikasi berubah setiap tahun. Maka dari permasalahan diatas maka perlu dilakukan penelitian yang mendalam untuk mencari solusi dan cara pengelolaan dan pelaporan keuangan desa untuk daerah yang berada di daerah Terdepan, Terluar dan Tertinggal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kendala penggunaan aplikasi Siskeudes. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian bahwa desa dan panitia keuangan sangat berhatihati dalam pelaporan dan pihak dari kantor pemerintah desa selalu melakukan monitoring dan monitoring, transparansi penggunaan dana desa sudah mulai diterapkan di Kabupaten Bengkayang, kita bisa lihat publikasi penggunaan dana desa dengan spanduk. Faktor jarak dari pusat pemerintahan desa menjadi salah satu kendala, kurangnya keahlian dalam memberikan pelatihan kepada desa Kaur, faktor infrastruktur jalan yang buruk menjadi kendala utama dalam berkoordinasi dengan kantor pemerintah desa, dan ketersediaan sinyal telepon merupakan salah satu kendala.
PENGARUH KUALITAS KEHIDUPAN KERJA, MOTIVASI KERJA, DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR CAMAT KOTA ADMINISTRASI JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Sanni M. Ifran , Norita Silvia , Isrial Isrial 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kualitas kehidupan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan pengembangan karir terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai di Kantor Camat Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan penelitian kausalitas dan deskriftif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui metode riset lapangan, studi kepustakaan dan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Responden penelitian adalah pegawai di Kantor Camat Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat yang berjumlah 158 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya motivasi kerja yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai, sementara kualitas kehidupan kerja dan pengembangan karir tidak. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi antar dimensi, dimensi kebutuhan akan prestasi pada variabel motivasi kerja memiliki korelasi paling kuat terhadap dimensi rekan kerja pada variabel kepuasan kerja. Kualitas kehidupan kerja, motivasi kerja dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai di Kantor Camat Kota Administrasi Jakarta Barat.
Clinico-Histopathological Consistency in Dermatological Diseases
Authors: Mahmud Md Mostaque , Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Hazra Samaresh Chandra , Habib Rahat Bin , Chowdhury Md Mostaque Hassan 
Published: October 2021

Skin biopsy for histopathology is the most reliable investigation for diagnosis of skin diseases. The main purpose of skin biopsy is to confirm clinical diagnosis but dermatologists usually looking for the concordance with histopathological report. The aim of the study was to observe the consistency of clinical and histopathological diagnosis of skin diseases. An observational study was conducted on 630 patients that undertaken skin biopsy and that was performed at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients who were advised for biopsy by outpatient and inpatient department and the biopsy was done accordingly was included in the study. Finally the inclusion was confirmed when the histopathological report was available. Demographic information, clinical diagnosis, type of biopsy procedure, types of specimen taken and send for histopathological procedure and the histopathological diagnosis was noted in data collection sheet. Histopathological diagnosis and its correlation with clinical diagnosis was assessed for consistency and it was the main outcome measure of the study. The mean age of patients on whom biopsy was performed was 35.14 ±16.57 years and the age range was 5-82 years. Male patients outnumbered female and the male to female ratio was 1.15: 1. Three types of biopsy were performed among them incisional biopsy was the commonest type (93.5%). In most of the cases collected specimen was skin 94.76%, others type of specimens were mucous membrane 2.6%, nail matrix 1.9% and 0.6% specimen was hair follicle. Among the cases 71.43% was diagnosed clinically. The common clinical diagnosis in which biopsy was done was psoriasis and its types 17.77%, lichen planus and its variants 14.12%, the connective tissue diseases 6.19% and infectious diseases 5.39%. In 79.52% cases histopathological diagnosis was done and 68.22% diagnosis was consistent with the clinical diagnosis. The maximum clinico-pathological concordance was found in vesiculo-bullous disease 93.33%. Then connective tissue diseases 79.48%, vasculitides 75% and lichenoid diseases 73.56%. Skin biopsy is a conclusive tool to overcome diagnostic dilemmas in dermatological diseases. The clinico-pathological concordance is assumed lower than the expectation of dermatologists but the collective efforts of dermatologists and pathologists can improve the capacity of diagnosis of biopsy samples.
Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Sept; 49(3) : 29-34
Impact of seasonal adult emergence period on reproductive performance of tasar silkmoth Antherea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae)
Authors: Gadad Hanamant , Naqvi A. H. , Kachhap Asha , Mittal Vishal , Singh Jitendra , Das Susmita 
Published: October 2021

Influence of adult emergence period and prevailing weather parameters on reproductive biology of tasar silkmoth Antherea mylitta was studied under grainage (indoor) condition. There was a significant difference of fecundity was observed on different days of adult emergence. Maximum fecundity was observed on 10th day (219 eggs/female) during first grainage (diapause cocoons) while same has been observed on 13th day (224.30 eggs/female) of emergence during second grainage (nondiapause cocoons). With respect to hatching percentage, during first grainage maximum hatching was observed on 1st, 6th, 7th and 12th days of emergence (93.32, 90.14, 90.96 and 90.18 % respectively). In the case of second grainage maximum hatching was on 12th and 2nd day of emergence. Data on per cent egg retention during first grainage ranged between 6.46 to 29.25 % and it was between 6.49 to 14.39 % during second grainage. Retained eggs were unfertile and could observe less than 2 % of hatching across all the days of emergence in first and second grainage together. Despite of significant difference in the reproductive parameters it was not clear about which phase or days of seasonal emergence period yields better layings. Better reproductive performance was scattered randomly across the days of emergence and it also indicates that adult emergence period don’t have any influence over reproductive biology of A. mylitta. Prevailing temperature and relative humidity during emergence period found to have no major influence over fecundity, hatching percentage and egg retention.