bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kisspeptin is elevated in the brain after intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Maheshwari Saumya , Um In Hwa , Donachie Struan , Asghar Nafeesa , McDade Karina , Millar Tracey , Harrison David J. , Tello Javier A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most severe subtype of stroke, with a 2-year mortality of nearly 50% and the greatest rate of disability amongst stroke survivors. Whilst treatment options for ICH remain limited, the condition requires prompt identification and rapid intervention to reduce permanent brain damage, with diagnosis traditionally confirmed by CT imaging. Although imaging is excellent at determining the presence of an intracranial bleed, biomarkers may help to identify the type of stroke or when the stroke began. Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide best known for its functions in reproductive biology, but recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that kisspeptins are upregulated in rodent models of haemorrhagic stroke. Here we report for the first time that kisspeptin immunoreactivity is significantly higher in post-mortem human brain tissue after both ICH and ICH associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Machine learning and artificial intelligence-enabled image analysis of multiplexed immunolabeled brain tissues demonstrated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was higher in cells of the microvasculature (CD105+), but not in neurons or astrocytes when compared to controls. Further spatial analysis indicated that kisspeptin immunoreactivity was concentrated to the region of haemorrhage. These results indicate that following ICH, kisspeptin is significantly higher in the human brain, suggesting expression from local vasculature or recruitment to the haematoma. Further work is required to determine the biological mechanisms underlying kisspeptin elevation within the ICH microenvironment and its potential utility as a novel biomarker or therapeutic target for ICH.
Burning of municipal waste in household furnaces and the health of their owners
Authors: Kicińska Alicja , Caba Grzegorz , Barria-Parra Fernando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the scale of emission and airborne dispersion of selected pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, TVOC, HCHO) associated with the combustion of various types of municipal waste (MW), its mixed stream and separate fractions, in a household furnace, as compared to conventional (CF) and alternative (AF) fuels. We demonstrated that each type of fuel (AF, CF, AFw) combusted in a household furnace is a significant source of air pollutants, especially fine PM2.5 particles, whose concentrations exceeded the limit values (3.1–17.2 times for PM2.5 and 0.5–7.4 times for PM10). The combustion of MW in household furnaces generated higher levels of PM2.5 (up to 345 µg/m3) and PM10 (up to 369 µg/m3) than AF or CF, at the same time being a significant source of TVOC (up to 0.3 mg/m3) and HCHO (0.4 mg/m3). The analysis showed that according to the Polish and European classification, air quality (AQI) during the combustion of all the materials analyzed is very poor (n = 12) or extremely poor (n = 19). The combustion of such materials as polystyrene, rubber and upholstery foam in household furnaces generates drastically high health risk to local inhabitants. We found that the combustion of polystyrene generated the highest Cancer Risk (CR) values of 1.04E-01 (children) and 2.60E-02 (adults), exceeding the acceptable level multiple times (CR > 10–6). Inhalation exposure to very poor air quality can lead to health problems, such as disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular and immune systems. Additional risk is posed by solid fuel combustion in rural areas, which may be a significant factor deteriorating the chemical condition of soils, especially those used for agricultural purposes.
Experimental assessment of Acanthopagrus schlegelii biomass based on environmental DNA technology
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Mengyi , Wang Liangming , Yang Changping , Yang Yukai , Xie Qijian , Liu Manting , Chen Cheng , Jia Chunbin , Shan Binbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has attracted significant attention due to its convenience and high sensitivity. However, the variations of eDNA across diverse environments and biological species remain complex. Therefore, a detailed exploration of the release patterns of eDNA for specific species under different environments is crucial for the scientific utilization of eDNA detection techniques. This study conducted an experiment involving the aquaculture of Acanthopagrus schlegelii to explore the release and degradation mechanisms of eDNA. It also analyzed the influence of salinity and biomass on the concentration of eDNA in water. Through model simulations, the variation patterns of A. schlegelii eDNA were revealed. The study achieved three key findings: (1) The research on the release and degradation mechanisms of A. schlegelii eDNA indicated that the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) effectively fits the variation patterns of eDNA concentration. The peak concentration of eDNA released by A. schlegelii was observed at 42 h, and the degradation process exhibited two stages: rapid and slow degradation, with a negative correlation between eDNA concentration and time. (2) By investigating the relationship between the concentration of A. schlegelii eDNA and biomass, it was demonstrated that Linear Models (LM) effectively captured this relationship, indicating a correlation between eDNA concentration and biomass. (3) The detection of A. schlegelii eDNA concentration under different salinity conditions revealed that the GAM model better reflected the relationship between eDNA and salinity, exhibiting a negative correlation. As salinity increased, the concentration of eDNA decreased. This study lays a foundation for future assessments of the A. schlegelii biomass in natural waters using eDNA quantitative detection techniques, and provides relevant references for quantitative eDNA detection techniques in other marine fish species.
Explosion pressure of industrial titanium powder and its suppression characteristics by explosion suppressants SiO2, K2CO3, and NaHCO3
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Liu Kenan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ignition and explosion risks of industrial metal powder are significantly different from other types of powder, and its explosion suppression deserve attention. In this article, industrial titanium powder explosion is taken as the test object, and its explosion pressure and explosion suppression process are analyzed. The research results show that the mass concentration of powder clouds and ignition delay time have a great impact on the explosion pressure of titanium powder. The optimal concentration of powder cloud mass is 350 g m−3, under this condition, the rate of energy release per unit time is the highest, the maximum pressure of titanium powder explosion is 0.48 MPa. The optimal ignition delay time is 50 ms, changing the ignition delay time actually changes the state of the powder cloud at the ignition moment. The suppression effect can be ranked, and the best suppression agent is NaHCO3, followed by K2CO3, and finally SiO2. Under the effects of isolation, dilution, and cooling, NaHCO3 has the greatest effect on the explosion pressure of titanium powder.
Participatory management and sustainable ecosystem management indicators
Authors: Maghsoodi Saeed , Mahdavi Seyedeh Khadijeh , Shahraki Mohammadreza , Sharafatmandrad Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe United Nations has implemented projects focusing on the participation of local communities in economic, social and ecological criteria in different countries. The present study aimed to assess the effects of such projects on sustainable ecosystem management indicators in the Tilabad watershed, Golestan province, Iran. The statistical population includes 99 pastoralists from 3 pastoral units, of which 80 pastoralists were selected as the sample size and sampled by stratified random sampling technique. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that 41.3% of the respondents (the highest frequency) evaluated the effectiveness of project as good. The implementation of the participatory project has had a positive and significant effect on the sustainable ecosystem management (β = 0.703 and t = 12.756). The greatest effectiveness is related to the social (β = 0.671 and t = 12.146) and economic (β = 0.644 and t = 8.615) criteria. Age, experience of animal husbandry (P ≤ 0.05), the number of animals, and the amount of income from animal husbandry (P ≤ 0.01) had a positive and significant relationship with the project effectiveness on sustainable ecosystem management in the area. It can be concluded that participatory approaches can lead to sustainable ecosystem management.
Biophysics and electrophysiology of pulsed field ablation in normal and infarcted porcine cardiac ventricular tissue
Authors: Miklavčič Damijan , Verma Atul , Krahn Philippa R. P. , Štublar Jernej , Kos Bor , Escartin Terenz , Lombergar Peter , Coulombe Nicolas , Terricabras Maria , Jarm Tomaž , Kranjc Matej , Barry Jennifer , Mattison Lars , Kirchhof Nicole , Sigg Daniel C. , Stewart Mark , Wright Graham 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a new ablation method being rapidly adopted for treatment of atrial fibrillation, which shows advantages in safety and efficiency over radiofrequency and cryo-ablation. In this study, we used an in vivo swine model (10 healthy and 5 with chronic myocardial infarct) for ventricular PFA, collecting intracardiac electrograms, electro-anatomical maps, native T1-weighted and late gadolinium enhancement MRI, gross pathology, and histology. We used 1000–1500 V pulses, with 1–16 pulse trains to vary PFA dose. Lesions were assessed at 24 h, 7 days, and 6 weeks in healthy and at 48 h in infarcted ventricles. Comparisons of lesion sizes using a numerical model enabled us to determine lethal electric field thresholds for cardiac tissue and its dependence on the number of pulse trains. Similar thresholds were found in normal and infarcted hearts. Numerical modeling and temperature-sensitive MRI confirmed the nonthermal nature of PFA, with less than 2% of a lesion’s volume at the highest dose used being attributed to thermal damage. Longitudinal cardiac MRI and histology provide a comprehensive description of lesion maturation. Lesions shrink between 24 h and 7 days post-ablation and then remain stable out to 6 weeks post-ablation. Periprocedural electrograms analysis yields good correlation with lesion durability and size.
Smart control and management for a renewable energy based stand-alone hybrid system
Authors: KECHIDA Abdelhak , GOZIM Djamal , TOUAL Belgacem , ALHARTHI Mosleh M. , AGAJIE Takele Ferede , GHONEIM S. M.Sherif , GHALY Ramy N. R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the smart management and control of an independent hybrid system based on renewable energies. The suggested system comprises a photovoltaic system (PVS), a wind energy conversion system (WECS), a battery storage system (BSS), and electronic power devices that are controlled to enhance the efficiency of the generated energy. Regarding the load side, the system comprises AC loads, DC loads, and a water pump. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)-based MPPT technique is suggested to enhance the efficiency of the PVS and WECS. This technology provided good performance compared with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and MPPT-based fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The use of the ANFIS-PI proposed to control the bidirectional converter accomplished voltage stabilization for the DC bus. This work also came with a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to manage the load side that depends on battery charge ratio, solar radiation, and wind speed. According to results obtained in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the proposed technologies were found to have performed well. The goal we were also pursuing was achieved through the full use of the energy generated by the proposed algorithm. The proposed study holds great potential for remote regions.
Inhibition of AKT enhances chemotherapy efficacy and synergistically interacts with targeting of the Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stevenson Leanne , Cairns Lauren , Li Xiaodun , Jammula Sriganesh , Taylor Harriet , Douglas Rosalie , McCabe Niamh , Gavory Gerald , Jacq Xavier , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Kennedy Richard D. , Harrison Timothy , Turkington Richard C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) has risen six-fold in western countries over the last forty years but survival rates have only marginally improved. Hyperactivation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is a common occurrence in OAC, driving cell survival, proliferation and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibition of AKT has been explored as a treatment strategy with limited success and current inhibitors have failed to progress through clinical trials. Our study, describes a novel allosteric AKT inhibitor, ALM301, and demonstrates an enhancement of the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy when combined with ALM301 in OAC. Reduced sensitivity to ALM301 is associated with high expression of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins, particularly XIAP. Combined AKT and IAP inhibition synergistically enhanced OAC cell death and successfully re-sensitized ALM301 and chemotherapy resistant cell lines. A high degree of synergism was also observed in patient-derived OAC organoids indicating the potential clinical relevance of the combination. This study demonstrates the role for dual AKT/IAP inhibition in OAC and provides a strong rationale for the further investigation of this highly efficacious combination strategy.
The efficacy of an embryonic stem cell-based vaccine for lung cancer prevention depends on the undifferentiated state of the stem cells
Authors: Meng Shuhan , Whitt Aaron G. , Eaton John W. , Yaddanapudi Kavitha , Li Chi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on the antigenic similarity between tumor cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), several recent studies report the use of intact murine ESCs or exosomes from murine ESCs as cancer vaccines. Since the capacity for self-renewal is one of the most specialized properties shared between ESCs and a subset of tumor cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), we investigated whether the undifferentiated state of murine ESCs is essential for the prophylactic effectiveness of an ESC-based vaccine. The undifferentiated state of ES-D3, a murine ESC line, was essential for their anchorage-independent growth potential. Importantly, differentiation of ES-D3 cells decreased their efficacy in preventing the outgrowth of implanted lung tumors. Furthermore, the long-term cancer-preventive potential of this vaccine was also inhibited by the differentiation of these cells. To examine the antigenicity of the ESC-derived vaccine, we performed combined affinity chromatography shotgun immunoproteomic experiments to identify antigens specific to the whole-cell ES vaccine as well as to the ESC-derived exosome vaccine. Our data demonstrate that antibodies against several lung cancer-associated keratin members were enriched in the serum of vaccinated mice. In summary, these data suggest that the tumor-preventing efficacy of ESC-based vaccine is reliant on the differentiation properties of these stem cells.
Adaptive current differential protection principle for distribution lines dedicatedly connected with photovoltaic power sources
Authors: He Xuehao , Su Shi , Li Yuan , Xie Qingyang , Chen Fahui , Li Botong , Liu Sumei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn line with the latest protection configuration requirements for 35 or 10 kV distribution grids, current differential protection is recommended for distribution lines connected to photovoltaic power sources. However, unlike traditional synchronous generators, photovoltaic power sources provide fault currents with amplitudes typically less than 1.2 to 2 times the rated current, and their phase angles are controlled and capacitive. This often results in the differential current being insufficient to trigger the current differential protection even during internal faults. This paper analyzes the issues with applying traditional current differential protection to photovoltaic power sources connected lines and deduces the threshold for the ratio restraint coefficient. An adaptive protection strategy is proposed, where the restraint coefficient is adjusted based on the amplitude ratios and phase angle differences of the fault currents. This ensures correct operation, particularly in cases of high photovoltaic power sources penetration. The strategy is tested through simulations conducted in Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), showing improved sensitivity compared to traditional methods.
Lane‐changing control strategy for distributed drive vehicles considering yaw stability
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Liu Hongkai , Yi Sijing , Huang Chao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntelligent vehicles are prone to dangerous issues such as sideslip and instability when changing lanes to avoid obstacles under some extreme conditions. Therefore, to improve safety and stability during the obstacle‐avoidance process, this paper proposes a lane‐change control method that considers yaw stability based on distributed drive electric vehicles. Fuzzy adaptive model predictive control and proportional integral derivative (PID) control are, respectively, established to compute the optimal front wheel steering angle and vehicle longitudinal torque under lateral and longitudinal decoupling. Additionally, a direct yaw moment controller is constructed based on model predictive control to calculate the additional yaw moment, which is then distributed according to the tire adhesion utilisation rate to optimise yaw stability in lane‐changing obstacle‐avoidance scenarios. Finally, the proposed control framework is verified in typical obstacle‐avoidance scenarios. The results show that, compared to the control method that do not consider yaw stability, the average yaw rate deviation is reduced by 54.0% on high‐adhesion road surfaces and by 61.2% on low‐adhesion road surfaces, achieving further optimsation in the safety and stability of the obstacle‐avoidance process.
Capsule Endoscopy Technology: A New Era in Digestive Tract Examination
Authors: Huang Kang-ming , Qiu Hua-bin , Deng Yinghan , Wu Lian-hui , Chen Hong-bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCapsule endoscopy (CE) represents an important groundbreaking advancement in gastrointestinal (GI) examinations, distinguished by its noninvasive, painless, and convenient nature, and has swiftly established itself as a crucial tool for diagnosing and treating digestive diseases. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as AI and ML progress, the capabilities of CE have expanded beyond mere imaging within the GI tract; it is progressively evolving to encompass procedures such as biopsies and targeted drug delivery. This review systematically searched five reputable repositories—Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect—for all original publications on CE from 2001 to 2024. The review provides an overview of the current status and identified limitations of CE, highlighting the significant role that AI and ML are projected to play in its future development.
Mechanism of Action of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Weichang'an in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on TMT Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Niu Yaofei , Chen Weixia , Ding Yajie , Xu Yan , Zhao Aiguang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to screen key proteins involved in the treatment of human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice by the traditional Chinese medicine formula Weichang'an and to explore its mechanism of action in treating gastric cancer.
Methods Sixteen 7- to 8-week-old female BALB/C nude mice were used to establish a human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenograft model by bilateral axillary injection of MKN45 cells. Mice with successfully established tumors were randomly divided into the Weichang'an group and the model group, with eight mice in each group. Mice in the Weichang'an group were orally administered 0.5 mL of Weichang'an decoction, while mice in the model group were given 0.5 mL of normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 consecutive days. On day 28, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and tumors were excised to measure tumor weight and assess the tumor suppression rate. Tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the tumor samples, identify differentially expressed proteins, and perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.
Results Compared with the model group, the tumor weight in the Weichang'an group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), and the tumor suppression rate was 41.40%, indicating that Weichang'an can inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. TMT quantitative proteomics identified a total of 2,856 proteins, with 13 proteins showing downregulated expression and 25 proteins showing upregulated expression in the Weichang'an group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in cellular components such as the cell membrane, extracellular matrix, and envelope, and participated in biological processes like negative regulation of cell adhesion, hematopoiesis, and skeletal system development, with functions in cell adhesion molecule binding and molecular sensor activity. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
Conclusion Weichang'an may exert its therapeutic effect on gastric cancer by regulating the expression of various proteins and modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway.
Surface properties of MOCVD grown (Al1−xGax)2O3 thin films on c-plane sapphire via scanning Kelvin probe microscopy
Authors: Jewel Mohi Uddin , Crittenden Scott R. , Hassan Tahir , Hasan Samiul , Lee Dongkyu , Nipa Nifat Jahan , Zakir Md. Ghulam , El Loubani Mohammad Jamal , Avrutin Vitaliy , Özgür Ümit , Morkoç Hadis , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: December 2024

We report on the surface properties of aluminum-gallium-oxide [(AlxGa1−x)2O3] thin films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates, which form the building block of heterojunction semiconductor devices, by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The (AlxGa1−x)2O3 films with aluminum mole fraction (composition) ranging from x = 0 to x = 0.36 were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increase in the aluminum composition resulted in the shift in XRD peaks to larger 2θ angles due to the decrease in the lattice constants and broadening due to the degradation in crystallinity. By utilizing the AFM in scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) configuration, we report the surface work function of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 decreased from 6.13 to 5.62 eV as aluminum composition increased from 0% to 36%. Direct measurements of epitaxial surface potential in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films show downward band bending ranging from 1.19 to 0.65 eV. The SKPM measurements with trap filling under UV illumination suggest the presence of a relatively high density of donor surface states in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 samples. By modeling the surface states as a spatially localized and energetically discrete level in the bandgap, the density of surface states is found to be ∼2 × 1012 to ∼4 × 1013 cm−2.