bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of liquid nitrogen freezing in long‐term frozen preservation of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela): Enzyme activity, protein structure, and tissue structure
Authors: Hu Lingping , Ying Yubin , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Jialin , Chen Xin , Shen Ni , Li Yujin , Hu Yaqin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) in long‐term frozen preservation of hairtail. Fresh hairtail was frozen by liquid nitrogen or cold air and stored at −20°C or −80°C for up to 120 days. The contents of carbonyl, TCA‐soluble peptides, AG and NAG enzyme activities increased, whereas Ca2+‐ATPase, Mg2+‐ATPase activity and the contents of sulfhydryl group decreased with the storage time increased. The activities of cathepsin B and B + L could be inhibited by low temperatures in the initial 40 days. However, the inhibition gradually weakened as the storage time increased. Protein surface hydrophobicity increased and reached a peak of 480.23 on day 60 with a subsequent fluctuant decrease. The α‐helix and β‐sheet structures of myofibrillar protein decreased, while the β‐turn and random coil structures increased. And the texture degradation occurred in all the tested four groups. The muscle fibers begun to break in cold air freezing (CAF) group after storage of 60 days. After a storage period of 120 days, large holes appeared in meat sample of CAF group. The muscle fibers of the LNF groups were kept much more complete than that of the CAF groups, indicating the advantages of LNF.Practical ApplicationIn this study, the advantages of liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) on the quality of hairtail during long‐term frozen preservation were showed by enzyme activity, protein structure and tissue structure. Although LNF causes inevasible damage to the fish meat, the ice crystals during freezing were rather small and distributed homogenously due to fast freezing rate. Thus, the mechanical damage to muscle was much lower than that of the cold air freezing (CAF), showing great advantages of LNF. Liquid nitrogen was recommended for pre‐frozen of hairtail before frozen storage to maintain the quality of hairtail. These results could provide theoretical guidance for the applying of LNF on the hairtail processing for the quality maintenance of hairtail whilst aiming to get maximum nutritional benefits. This knowledge can also be widely applicated in other fishery products preservation.
The use of paired comparison test on the goat's milk adulteration detection (whole and semiskimmed)
Authors: Zine‐eddine Yassine , Zinelabidine Lalla Hasna , Kzaiber Fouzia , Oussama Abdelkhalek , Boutoial Khalid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDairy goat products are in high demand in both traditional and new emerging markets. Compared to cow milk, goat milk and its products are increasingly preferred for their health and nutritional benefits such as greater digestibility and lipid metabolism. As a result, it appears that goat's milk consumers and manufacturers encounter the problem of goat's milk falsification with cow's milk. In this study, paired comparison tests were performed by adding varying amounts of cow's milk to the whole and semiskimmed goat's milk to determine to what extent the consumer can detect its falsification. As the amount of cow's milk reaches 50%, the detection of goat's milk adulteration becomes visible. This identification of goat milk adulteration by cow's milk is more marked in semiskimmed milk than in whole milk. This nondetection of whole goat milk adulteration by small amounts of cow's milk may be due to the milk's unique organoleptic characteristics, including an intense smell and a strong flavor. Furthermore, no parameter tested in our study had any effect on detecting potential adulteration of goat's milk.Practical applicationsThis work highlighted a practical and rapid method for the detection of possible goat's milk adulteration (whole and semiskimmed) by cow's milk using a paired comparison test.
Leadership in innovation communities: The impact of transformational leadership language on member participation
Authors: Becker Laura , Coussement Kristof , Büttgen Marion , Weber Ellen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany organizations seek to establish online innovation communities (ICs) to obtain valuable knowledge and innovative ideas, though both research and practice suggest that they also struggle to sustain continued, high‐quality member participation. Designated IC moderators might be able to stimulate IC members to participate regularly and make high‐quality contributions. In response to calls to integrate organizational behavior and IC research, this study addresses the impact of community moderators’ uses of transformational leadership (TFL) language on member participation. By operationalizing the TFL dimensions—charisma, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation—with language cues, this article uses an automated text analysis approach to review 64 firm‐hosted ICs with 538,805 posts, analyzed with two hierarchical linear models. The findings show that moderators’ charismatic language cues enhance members’ participation quality and quantity. Although individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation increase participation quality, they decrease participation quantity. Organizations thus should assign moderators to lead ICs by using TFL language strategically, in accordance with the focal IC goals, in terms of the quality and quantity of member contributions to their innovation processes. This article contributes to the literature by exploring how leadership language in online communities can facilitate the development of innovative ideas. In addition, this study offers a more nuanced view on the effects of TFL by revealing both positive and negative outcomes in firm‐hosted online ICs and it introduces a new, objective measure of TFL built on linguistic markers. This article also includes specific guidelines for how moderators can achieve effective leadership through their language use, as well as managerial implications for the effective selection, training, and support of IC moderators.
The best defence is not being there: avoidance of larger carnivores is not driven by risk intensity
Authors: Zalewska K. , Waggershauser Cristian N. , Kortland K. , Lambin X. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpecies interactions are key factors determining the distribution and structure of species assemblages. Owing to their central positions, mid‐ranking mammalian carnivores are involved in interactions with numerous species, including competition for resources and instances of killing by higher ranking predators. Lethal interactions can directly influence species’ demography. However, the fear of lethal interactions, competition or both may also affect when and where individuals are active (i.e. non‐lethal interactions). Although differences in body–size and trophic overlap are known predictors of the frequency of lethal interactions, their influence on non‐lethal interactions is uncertain. Through camera trapping, we studied non‐lethal interactions between a small mesocarnivore (pine marten), a potential killer and intense competitor (red fox) and a moderate competitor and unlikely killer (Eurasian badger). We determined overlap and differences in their diel activity patterns and the degree of spatial overlap in two seasons with contrasting resource availability. Additionally, we estimated the effect of larger carnivore detection rates on pine marten detection rates. We also compared time intervals between pine marten visits to baited stations in the absence and presence of either or both larger carnivores. Our results are consistent with pine martens distributing their daily activity to maximize overlap with prey and to minimize competition and risk of aggression over the spatial scale. Pine martens also responded to the immediate threat of larger carnivores irrespective of the threat they pose by taking 4–7 days longer to re‐visit a station. Small‐scale non‐lethal interactions such as these may enable pine martens to coexist closely with two larger carnivores, yet it remains uncertain whether their population incurs a demographic cost through restricted access to resources. Carnivore's risk‐avoidance strategies could be harnessed to protect prey species of interest. However, our results suggest avoidance is short‐lived and recurrent stimuli would be necessary.
Convergence of optimal expected utility for a sequence of binomial models
Authors: Hubalek Friedrich , Schachermayer Walter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider the convergence of the solution of a discrete‐time utility maximization problem for a sequence of binomial models to the Black‐Scholes‐Merton model for general utility functions. In previous work by D. Kreps and the second named author a counter‐example for positively skewed non‐symmetric binomial models has been constructed, while the symmetric case was left as an open problem. In the present article we show that convergence holds for the symmetric case and for negatively skewed binomial models. The proof depends on some rather fine estimates of the tail behaviors of binomial random variables. We also review some general results on the convergence of discrete models to Black‐Scholes‐Merton as developed in a recent monograph by D. Kreps.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis due to Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis
Authors: Ohnmar Ohnmar , Kyaw Myat , Lwin Thandar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 44‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis presented with fever, loose motion, and confusion followed by coma. Screening for systemic infections was negative. MRI (Brain) showed multiple T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the bilateral periventricular/subcortical regions involving corpus callosum and right cerebral peduncle with some restricted diffusions without abnormal enhancement suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed normal protein, mildly reduced sugar and no pleocytosis but culture was Sphingomonas paucimobilis positive. Anti‐MOG antibody was negative. He was treated with antibiotics according to sensitivity and high dose steroid. At one and a half month after steroid initiation, he has significantly improved to Glasgow Coma Scale 15. Brain MRI rechecked at 3 months showed significant improvement with no recurrence. Here, we report a rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis complicated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Repolarization disparity as a predictor of response to Head up Tilt‐table Test in pediatric syncope
Authors: Khalilian Mohammad Reza , Ghasemi Abdolrahim , Khazaei Narges , Khoshkhou Sara , Mahmoudi Elham 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead up Tilt‐table Test (HUTT) is a practical examination of the most common type of pediatrics syncope. The electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during this test, show the autonomic defects that cause neuraly‐mediated syncope in response to tilting process.MethodsAll pediatric syncope patients referred to our center in a 1‐year period, were included in the study. HUTT was performed and patients were classified into two groups of Negative and Positive HUTT results, and the latter group was subclassified as three subgroups of “vasodepressor”, “cardioinhibitory” and “mixed type” responses to HUTT. QT and corrected QT (QTc) dispersion was measured by the baseline standard 12‐lead ECG obtained before HUTT.ResultsEighty‐six patients with a mean age of 12.19 ± 5.34 were included. Patients with positive HUTT were significantly younger and male gender was more prevalent in this group. Mean QT dispersion was significantly higher in patients with positive HUTT result and also in patients with mixed response to HUTT compared to isolated vasodepressor response. Duration of QTc interval did not change between different study groups. Reciever‐Operating‐Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that QT dispersion higher than 32 ms is a significant predictor of positive HUTT result (with 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity) and values higher than 40 ms can predict the mixed type of response to HUTT (with 84% sensitivity and 63% specificity).ConclusionsBaseline myocardial repolarization disparity significantly correlates with susceptibility to symptomatic vasovagal syncope. This pathology seems to play its role mainly via excessive vagotonic response to sympathetic activation during HUTT process (known as cardioinhibitory response).
Increasing grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) by selection for high spike fertility index
Authors: Pontaroli Ana Clara , Alonso María Pía , Mirabella Nadia Estefania , Panelo Juan Sebastián , Franco María Fiorella , Vanzetti Leonardo Sebastián , Lorenzo Máximo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpike fertility index (SF) has been proposed as a promising selection criterion for increasing grain yield (GY) in bread wheat. Here, changes in GY and related traits after simulated selection (10% intensity) for high SF or high GY per se were assessed in two RIL populations: (I) Avalon/Glupro and (II) Baguette 10/Klein Chajá, and in (III) advanced lines from a breeding programme. Grain yield, SF, grain number per unit area (GN), grain weight (GW), test weight (TW) and grain protein content (GPC) were determined. Regardless of the environmental conditions, simulated selection for high SF always resulted in GN increases (between 1.6% and 27.4%). Average GY increase observed after selection for high SF (11.5%; N = 10; SEM = 5.8) did not differ (p = .92) from the average GY increase observed after selection for GY per se (11.8%; N = 10; SEM = 4.9). Grain weight, GPC and TW tended to decrease with selection for high SF; however, these trade‐offs might be avoided by concurrent selection. Our findings validate the use of SF as a selection criterion for increasing grain yield in bread wheat.
Nitrate mediated resistance against Fusarium infection in cucumber plants acts via photorespiration
Authors: Sun Yuming , Li Yingrui , Li Yong , Wang Min , Mur Luis Alejandro Jose , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFusarium wilt is one of the major biotic factors limiting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth and yield. The outcomes of cucumber‐Fusarium interactions can be influenced by the form of nitrogen nutrition (nitrate [NO3−] or ammonium [NH4+]); however, the physiological mechanisms of N‐regulated cucumber disease resistance are still largely unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between nitrogen forms and cucumber resistance to Fusarium infection. Our results showed that on Fusarium infection, NO3− feeding decreased the levels of the fungal toxin, fusaric acid, leaf membrane oxidative, organelle damage and disease‐associated loss in photosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis and gas‐exchange measurements linked NO3− mediated plant defence with enhanced leaf photorespiration rates. Cucumber plants sprayed with the photorespiration inhibitor isoniazid were more susceptible to Fusarium and there was a negative correlation between photorespiration rate and leaf membrane injury. However, there were positive correlations between photorespiration rate, NO3− assimilation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This provides a potential electron sink or the peroxisomal H2O2 catalysed by glycolate oxidase. We suggest that the NO3− nutrition enhanced cucumber resistance against Fusarium infection was associated with photorespiration. Our findings provide a novel insight into a mechanism involving the interaction of photorespiration with nitrogen forms to drive wider defence.
Associations between early life harshness, parents' parenting style, and relationship quality in China
Authors: Li Haidi , Zheng Lijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that early life stress is associated with romantic relationship quality in the life history perspective in Western nations. The current study examined the relationships between life history strategy, early life harshness/parents' parenting style, and romantic relationship quality, as well as life history strategy as a mediator in the association between early life harshness/parents' parenting style and relationship quality in China. A total of 263 individuals in romantic relationships participated in a questionnaire survey. Results revealed the direct effects of early life harshness/parents' parenting style and relationship quality. Both early life harshness and parents' parenting style have indirect effects on relationship quality through the life history strategy → communication/commitment paths. Thus, individuals with childhood adverse experiences and harsh parents' parenting style were more inclined to adopt a fast life history strategy, which was negatively associated with relationship quality.
The review of the light parameters and mechanisms of Photobiomodulation on melanoma cells
Authors: Chen Zeqing , Huang Shijie , Liu Muqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) uses low‐intensity visible or near‐infrared light to produce beneficial effects on cells or tissues, such as brain therapy, wound healing. Still there is no consistent recommendation on the parameters (dose, light mode, wavelength, irradiance) and protocols (repetition, treatment duration) for its clinical application. Herein, we summarize the current PBM parameters for the treatment of melanoma, and we also discuss the potential photoreceptors and downstream signaling mechanisms in the PBM treatment of melanoma cells. It is hypothesized that PBM may inhibit the melanoma cells by activating mitochondria, OPNs, and other receptors. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, PBM has been shown to be beneficial in treating melanoma. Through further in‐depth studies of the underlying potential mechanisms, it can strengthen the applications of PBM for the therapy of melanoma.
Ralstonia solanacearum as a potato pathogen in Serbia: Characterization of strains and influence on peroxidase activity in tubers
Authors: Marković Sanja , Stanković Slaviša , Iličić Renata , Veljović Jovanović Sonja , Milić Komić Sonja , Jelušić Aleksandra , Popović Tatjana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince 2011, the outbreaks of brown rot caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, phylotype IIB‐1 (R3/B2/PIIB‐1) have significantly compromised potato production in Serbia. During 6 years of monitoring (2013–2018) among 3,524 potato tuber samples, 344 were found positive for brown rot disease. R. solanacearum R3/B2/PIIB‐1 was isolated from seven cultivars among 12 monitored, and in five localities among 17 monitored. Cultivar Lady Claire was found to have the highest disease frequency (31.98%). A total of 78 isolates were identified by R. solanacearum‐specific primer pairs (PS‐1/PS‐2 and OLI‐1/Y‐2), as well as the following tests: restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, biovar determination, immunofluorescence, biochemical analysis, and pathogenicity. The genetic composition of 36 selected isolates assessed using multilocus sequence analysis with seven genes (adk, gapA, gdhA, gyrB, ppsA, hrpB, and fliC) showed that all isolates originating from Serbian potato were homogeneous. By using the TCS algorithm of concatenated sequences to get insight into the phylogeography of isolates and other R. solanacearum strains deposited in the NCBI database, we showed that their origin is undetermined. Peroxidase (POD) activity was measured in brown rotted potato tubers. A positive correlation was found between POD activity and disease severity rated on the analysed tubers. In general, POD activity increased by 2–22 times in vascular necrotic tissues compared to non‐necrotic ones, and depended on disease severity but not on cultivar. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of POD profiles resulted in a total of 10 distinct POD isoforms, of which PODs 3–5 were highly intensified in response to R. solanacearum.
Assessment of the effect of broadband expansion on the economy reviewed
Authors: Mendonça Mário Jorge , Loureiro Paulo R. A. , Nascimento Antônio , Ellery Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite consensus about the positive impact of broadband expansion on the economy, from an aggregate perspective, this impact does not seem to be homogeneous for the whole economy. By using a two‐way multivariate panel data model subjected to Bayesian estimation, this study aims to determine the effect of broadband expansion on Brazilian economic sectors. To account for regional differences, the sampled data were grouped into clusters (clustering) to spot municipalities with similar characteristics. The results indicate that the impact of broadband expansion is not positive for all sectors. Actually, it was positive in more dynamic and technology‐intensive sectors (e.g., industrial and service sectors) but negative for the agricultural sector.
Liquidity defaults and progressive lending in microfinance: A lab‐in‐the field experiment in Bolivia
Authors: Cecchi Francesco , Koster Tinka , Lensink Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany microfinance institutions (MFIs) use dynamic incentives in combination with progressive lending schemes to reduce defaults. However, the specific role of progressive lending has never been tested empirically, while observational evidence in other contexts points to potentially adverse effects. Using an experimental approach, we study the impact of progressive lending on overborrowing, attending to the possibility that progressive lending may actually increase liquidity defaults. We organize a framed field experiment in the municipality of Coroico, Bolivia, inviting 271 members of an MFI to participate in an experimental game. In Bolivia, the penetration rates of microfinance are among the highest in the world, progressive lending systems are a common practice, and the concept and practices of microfinance are well known among most people. We find that participants who borrowed over multiple rounds with progressively increasing borrowing caps showed increased liquidity defaults once the caps became unconstraining compared to those without progressive lending. We speculate that this result stems from anchoring borrowing loan requests on the credit limit set by the lender and formalize this rationale in a model for credit demand and naive borrowers. MFIs should consider the potential perverse anchoring effects of progressive lending when designing policies aimed at reducing overborrowing.
Prediction in High-Dimensional Linear Models and Application to Genomic Selection Under Imperfect Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Rabier Charles-Elie , Grusea Simona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) consists in predicting breeding values of selection candidates, using a large number of genetic markers. An important question in GS is to determine the number of markers required for a good prediction. For this purpose, we introduce new proxies for the accuracy of the prediction. These proxies are suitable under sparse genetic map where it is likely to observe some imperfect linkage disequilibrium, that is, the situation where the alleles at a gene location and at a marker located nearby vary. Moreover, our suggested proxies are helpful for designing cost-effective SNP chips based on a moderate density of markers. We analyse rice data from Los Banos, Philippines and focus on the flowering time collected during the dry season 2012. Using different densities of markers, we show that at least 1553 markers are required to implement GS. Finding the optimal number of markers is crucial in order to optimize the breeding program.