bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water and methanol ice in L 1544
Authors: Goto M. , Vasyunin A. I. , Giuliano B. M. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Caselli P. , Román-Zúñiga C. G. , Alves J. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Methanol and complex organic molecules have been found in cold starless cores, where a standard warm-up scenario would not work because of the absence of heat sources. A recent chemical model attributed the presence of methanol and large organics to the efficient chemical desorption and a class of neutral-neutral reactions that proceed fast at low temperatures in the gas phase.
Aims. The model calls for a high abundance of methanol ice at the edge of the CO freeze-out zone in cold cloud cores.
Methods. We performed medium-resolution spectroscopy toward three field stars behind the starless core L 1544 at 3 μm to constrain the methanol ice abundance and compare it with the model predictions.
Results. One of the field stars shows a methanol ice abundance of 11% with respect to water ice. This is higher than the typical methanol abundance previously found in cold cloud cores (4%), but is 4.5 times lower than predicted. The reason for the disagreement between the observations and the model calculations is not yet understood.
Understanding the atmospheric properties and chemical composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b
Authors: Helling Ch. , Worters M. , Samra D. , Molaverdikhani K. , Iro N. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters are the hottest exoplanets that have been discovered so far. They present a unique possibility to explore hot and cold chemistry on one object. The tidally locked ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b has a day-to-night temperature difference of ≃2500 K, confining cloud formation to the nightside and efficient ionisation to the dayside. Both have distinct observational signatures.
Aims. We analyse plasma and magnetic processes in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b to investigate the formation of an ionosphere and the possibility of magnetically coupling the atmospheric gas as the base for an extended exosphere. We show which ions and atoms may be used as spectral tracers, and if and where conditions for lightning may occur within the clouds of HAT-P-7b.
Methods. We used 3D modelling results as input for a kinetic cloud formation code and evaluated characteristic plasma and magnetic coupling parameters. A local thermodynamical equilibrium radiative transfer was solved for the ionised gas phase. This study is confined to thermal ionisation only.
Results. The ionisation throughout HAT-P-7b’s atmosphere varies drastically between day- and nightside. The dayside has high levels of thermal ionisation and long-range electromagnetic interactions dominate over kinetic electron–neutral interactions, suggesting a day–night difference in magnetic coupling. K+, Na+, Li+, Ca+, and Al+ are more abundant than their atomic counterparts on the dayside. The minimum magnetic flux density for electrons for magnetic coupling is B < 0.5 G for all regions of HAT-P-7b’s atmosphere.
Conclusions. HAT-P-7b’s dayside has an asymmetric ionosphere that extends deep into the atmosphere, the nightside has no thermally driven ionosphere. A corresponding asymmetry is imprinted in the ion and neutral composition at the terminators. The ionosphere on HAT-P-7b may be directly traced by the Ca+ H&K lines if the local temperature is ≥5000 K. The whole atmosphere may couple to a global, large-scale magnetic field, and lightning may occur on the nightside.
CO+ as a probe of the origin of CO in diffuse interstellar clouds
Authors: Gerin M. , Liszt H. 
Published: February 2021

Context. The chemistry of the diffuse interstellar medium is driven by the combined influences of cosmic rays, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and turbulence. Previously detected at the outer edges of photodissociation regions and formed from the reaction of C+ and OH, CO+ is the main chemical precursor of HCO+ and CO in a thermal, cosmic-ray, and UV-driven chemistry.
Aims. Our aim was to test whether the thermal cosmic-ray and UV-driven chemistry is producing CO in diffuse interstellar molecular gas through the intermediate formation of CO+.
Methods. We searched for CO+ absorption with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array toward two quasars with known Galactic foreground absorption from diffuse interstellar gas, J1717-3342 and J1744-3116, targeting the two strongest hyperfine components of the J = 2−1 transition near 236 GHz.
Results. We could not detect CO+ but obtained sensitive upper limits toward both targets. The derived upper limits on the CO+ column densities represent about 4% of the HCO+ column densities. The corresponding upper limit on the CO+ abundance relative to H2 is <1.2 × 10−10.
Conclusions. The non-detection of CO+ confirms that HCO+ is mainly produced in the reaction between oxygen and carbon hydrides, CH2+ or CH3+, induced by suprathermal processes, while CO+ and HOC+ result from reactions of C+ with OH and H2O. The densities required to form CO molecules at low extinction are consistent with this scheme.
The β
Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign
Authors: Kenworthy M. A. , Mellon S. N. , Bailey J. I. , Stuik R. , Dorval P. , Talens G. J. J. , Crawford S. R. , Mamajek E. E. , Laginja I. , Ireland M. , Lomberg B. , Kuhn R. B. , Snellen I. , Zwintz K. , Kuschnig R. , Kennedy G. M. , Abe L. , Agabi A. , Mekarnia D. , Guillot T. , Schmider F. , Stee P. , de Pra Y. , Buttu M. , Crouzet N. , Kalas P. , Wang J. J. , Stevenson K. , de Mooij E. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lacour S. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Nowak M. , Strøm P. A. , Hui Z. , Wang L. 
Published: February 2021

Aims. Photometric monitoring of β Pic in 1981 showed anomalous fluctuations of up to 4% over several days, consistent with foreground material transiting the stellar disk. The subsequent discovery of the gas giant planet β Pic b and the predicted transit of its Hill sphere to within a 0.1 au projected separation of the planet provided an opportunity to search for the transit of a circumplanetary disk (CPD) in this 21 ± 4 Myr-old planetary system. We aim to detect, or put an upper limit on, the density and nature of the material in the circumplanetary environment of the planet via the continuous photometric monitoring of the Hill sphere transit that occurred in 2017 and 2018.
Methods. Continuous broadband photometric monitoring of β Pic requires ground-based observatories at multiple longitudes to provide redundancy and to provide triggers for rapid spectroscopic follow-up. These include the dedicated β Pic monitoring bRing observatories in Sutherland and Siding Springs, the ASTEP400 telescope at Concordia, and the space observatories BRITE and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We search the combined light curves for evidence of short-period transient events caused by rings as well as for longer-term photometric variability due to diffuse circumplanetary material.
Results. We find no photometric event that matches with the event seen in November 1981, and there is no systematic photometric dimming of the star as a function of the Hill sphere radius.
Conclusions. We conclude that the 1981 event was not caused by the transit of a CPD around β Pic b. The upper limit on the long-term variability of β Pic places an upper limit of 1.8 × 1022 g of dust within the Hill sphere (comparable to the ~100 km radius asteroid 16 Psyche). Circumplanetary material is either condensed into a disk that does not transit β Pic, condensed into a disk with moons that has an obliquity that does not intersect with the path of β Pic behind the Hill sphere, or is below our detection threshold. This is the first time that a dedicated international campaign has mapped the Hill sphere transit of an extrasolar gas giant planet at 10 au.
A super-Earth on a close-in orbit around the M1V star GJ 740
Authors: Toledo-Padrón B. , Suárez Mascareño A. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Pinamonti M. , Perger M. , Scandariato G. , Damasso M. , Sozzetti A. , Maldonado J. , Desidera S. , Ribas I. , Micela G. , Affer L. , González-Alvarez E. , Leto G. , Pagano I. , Zanmar Sánchez R. , Giacobbe P. , Herrero E. , Morales J. C. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Reiners A. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: February 2021

Context.M-dwarfs have proven to be ideal targets for planetary radial velocity (RV) searches due to their higher planet-star mass contrast, which favors the detection of low-mass planets. The abundance of super-Earth and Earth-like planets detected around this type of star motivates further such research on hosts without reported planetary companions.Aims.The HADES and CARMENES programs are aimed at carrying out extensive searches of exoplanetary systems around M-type stars in the northern hemisphere, allowing us to address, in a statistical sense, the properties of the planets orbiting these objects. In this work, we perform a spectroscopic and photometric study of one of the program stars (GJ 740), which exhibits a short-period RV signal that is compatible with a planetary companion.Methods.We carried out a spectroscopic analysis based on 129 HARPS-N spectra taken over a time span of 6 yr combined with 57 HARPS spectra taken over 4 yr, as well as 32 CARMENES spectra taken during more than 1 yr, resulting in a dataset with a time coverage of 10 yr. We also relied on 459 measurements from the public ASAS survey with a time-coverage of 8 yr, along with 5 yr of photometric magnitudes from the EXORAP project taken in theV,B,R, andIfilters to carry out a photometric study. Both analyses were made using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations and Gaussian process regression to model the activity of the star.Results.We present the discovery of a short-period super-Earth with an orbital period of 2.37756−0.00011+0.00013d and a minimum mass of 2.96−0.48+0.50M⊕. We offer an update to the previously reported characterization of the magnetic cycle and rotation period of the star, obtaining values ofProt= 35.563 ± 0.071 d andPcycle= 2800 ± 150 d. Furthermore, the RV time series exhibits a possibly periodic long-term signal, which might be related to a Saturn-mass planet of ~100M⊕.
Akute Nierenschädigung: Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie, Reparaturmechanismen
Authors: Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Dimski Thomas , Brandenburger Timo 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEine akute Nierenschädigung tritt bei 25% aller Krankenhaus- und bei 50% der Intensivpatienten auf. Im Stadium 3 der akuten Nierenschädigung sterben auch bei optimaler Therapie etwa 40 – 50% der betroffenen Patienten. Die Langzeitprognose hängt ganz wesentlich von der Erholung der Nierenfunktion ab. Eine frühe Diagnostik und die konsequente Durchführung von Interventionen zur Prophylaxe und zur schnellen Wiederherstellung der Nierenfunktion sind essenziell 1.
Das Konstrukt Gesundheitskompetenz in Ausbildung und Studium der Physiotherapie in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer Dokumentenanalyse
Authors: Wirner Corinna , Pott Claudia , Kirschneck Michaela , Coenen Michaela 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Physiotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten stellen eine Schlüsselrolle in der Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Patientinnen und Patienten dar. Der Wunsch von Physiotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten nach Informationen zum Thema Gesundheitskompetenz ist groß. Die Ausbildung wird u. a. als wichtiger Informationsweg für dieses Thema eingeschätzt.
Ziel Explorative Studie zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung: Welche Rolle spielt das Thema Gesundheitskompetenz und Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Patientinnen und Patienten in der beruflichen Ausbildung bzw. im Studium der Physiotherapie in Deutschland?
Methode Dokumentenanalyse von relevanten Unterlagen zu Ausbildung und Studium (z. B. Ausbildungslehrpläne, Modulbeschreibungen) in der Physiotherapie. Im Rahmen vorbereitender Arbeiten wurde mittels Workshops mit Expertinnen die Grundlage des in den Analysen verwendeten Kodierleitfadens erarbeitet. Qualitative Auswertung der Daten anhand der strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.
Ergebnisse In 27 analysierten relevanten Unterlagen zu Ausbildung und Studium wurde der Begriff Gesundheitskompetenz nur in einem Dokument explizit erwähnt. Allerdings werden zukünftigen Physiotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten in der Ausbildung und im Studium wichtige Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten, z. B. Kommunikationskompetenz, vermittelt, die für die Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz der Patientenschaft grundlegend sind.
Schlussfolgerung Das Thema Gesundheitskompetenz ist in der Ausbildung und im Studium der Physiotherapie nicht explizit verankert. Durch die Aufnahme in die Curricula kann das explizite Wissen der Physiotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten vertieft werden und durch ihre Sensibilisierung für das Thema ihre Schlüsselrolle in der Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Patientinnen und Patienten weiter ausgebaut werden.
The outcomes of emergency hospital admissions with non-malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding in England between 2003 and 2015
Authors: Rees James , Evison Felicity , Mytton Jemma , Patel Prashant , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency with significant mortality. Despite developments in endoscopic and clinical management, only minor improvements in outcomes have been reported.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with non-malignant UGIB emergency admissions in England between 2003 and 2015, using Hospital Episode Statistics. Multilevel logistic regression analysis examined the associations with mortality.
Results 242 796 patients with an UGIB admission were identified (58.8 % men; median age 70 [interquartile range (IQR) 53 – 81]). Between 2003 and 2015, falls occurred in both 30-day mortality (7.5 % to 7.0 %; P < 0.001) and age-standardized mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.69 – 0.80; P < 0.001), including from variceal bleeding (OR 0.63, 95 %CI 0.45 – 0.87; P < 0.005). Increasing co-morbidity (Charlson score > 5, OR 2.94, 95 %CI 2.85 – 3.04; P < 0.001), older age (> 83 years, OR 6.50, 95 %CI 6.09 – 6.94; P < 0.001), variceal bleeding (OR 2.03, 95 %CI 1.89 – 2.18; P < 0.001), and a weekend admission (Sunday, OR 1.18, 95 %CI 1.12 – 1.23; P < 0.001) were associated with 30-day mortality. Of deaths at 30 days, 8.9 % were from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and the cardiovascular age-standardized mortality rate following UGIB was high (IHD deaths within 1 year, 1188.4 [95 %CI 1036.8 – 1353.8] per 100 000 men in 2003).
Conclusions Between 2003 and 2015, 30-day mortality among emergency admissions with non-malignant UGIB fell by 0.5 % to 7.0 %. Mortality was higher among UGIB admissions at the weekend, with important implications for service provision. Patients with UGIB had a much greater risk of subsequently dying from cardiovascular disease and addressing this risk is a key management step in UGIB.
Vertical Force-velocity Profiling and Relationship to Sprinting in
Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Manson Sarah A. , Low Cody , Legg Hayley , Patterson Stephen D. , Meylan César 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExplosive actions are integral to soccer performance and highly influenced by
the ability to generate maximal power. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the relationship between force-velocity profile, jump
performance, acceleration and maximal sprint speed in elite female soccer
players. Thirty-nine international female soccer players (24.3±4.7
years) performed 40-m sprints, maximal countermovement jumps and five loaded
squat jumps at increasing loads to determine individual force-velocity
profiles. Theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal force, maximal
power output, one repetition maximal back squat and one repetition maximal
back squat relative to body mass were determined using the force-velocity
profile. Counter movement jump, squat jump and maximal power output
demonstrated moderate to large correlation with acceleration and maximal
sprint speed (r=− 0.32 to −0.44 and
−0.32 to −0.67 respectively, p<0.05). Theoretical
maximal velocity and force, one repetition maximal and relative back squat
demonstrated a trivial to small relationship to acceleration and maximal
sprint speed (p>0.05). Vertical force-velocity profiling and maximal
strength can provide valuable insight into the neuromuscular qualities of an
athlete to individualize training, but the ability to produce force, maximal
power, and further transference into sprint performance, must be central to
program design.
Photocatalytic Generation of π-Allyltitanium Complexes from Butadiene via a Radical Strategy
Authors: Li Fusheng , Lin Shuangjie , Shi Lei , Li Xiyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe direct conversion of industrial feedstock chemicals into highly valuable fine chemical intermediates is of great appeal to the synthetic community as well as industrial applications. This study reports a conceptually new radical strategy for the photocatalytic generation of π-allyltitanium complexes from butadiene. This novel and environmentally benign strategy enables the direct three-component allylation of carbonyls with 1,3-butadiene and α-bromocarboxylates, providing rapid access to valuable homoallylic alcohols with exceptional regio- and diastereoselectivity control.
Effects of Hydrosalpinx on Endometrial Implantation Failures: Evaluating Salpingectomy in Women Undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Palagiano Antonio , Cozzolino Mauro , Ubaldi Filippo Maria , Palagiano Chiara , Coccia Maria Elisabetta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrosalpinx is a disease characterized by the obstruction of the salpinx, with progressive accumulation in the shape of a fluid-filled sac at the distal part of the tuba uterina, and closed to the ovary. Women with hydrosalpinges have lower implantation and pregnancy rates due to a combination of mechanical and chemical factors thought to disrupt the endometrial environment. Evidence suggests that the presence of hydrosalpinx reduces the rate of pregnancy with assisted reproductive technology. The main aim of the present is review to make an overview of the possible effects of hydrosalpinx on in vitro fertilization (IVF). We conducted a literature search on the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Google Scholar data bases regarding hydrosalpinx and IVF outcomes. Hydrosalpinx probably has a direct toxic effect on sperm motility and on the embryos. In addition, the increasing liquid inside the salpinges could alter the mechanisms of endometrial receptivity. The window of endometrial receptivity is essential in the implantation of blastocysts, and it triggers multiple reactions arising from the endometrium as well as the blastocysts. Hydrosalpinx could influence the expression of homeobox A10 (HOXA10) gene, which plays an essential role in directing embryonic development and implantation. Salpingectomy restores the endometrial expression of HOXA10; therefore, it may be one mechanism by which tubal removal could result in improved implantation rates in IVF. In addition, salpingectomy does not affect the ovarian response, nor reduces the antral follicle count. Further studies are needed to establish the therapeutic value of fluid aspiration under ultrasonographic guidance, during or after oocyte retrieval, in terms of pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy.
Case Series of Skull Base Meningioma Resection in the Octogenarian Population
Authors: Kusyk Dorian M. , Mao Gordon , Dabecco Rocco , Yu Alexander K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction The geriatric population is the fastest growing segment of the American population, and octogenarians are increasingly seen by neurosurgeons for relatively common lesions such as meningiomas. Unfortunately, providers do not have clear data to guide decision-making regarding these lesions, particularly if they involve the skull base. Current research in outcomes among the elderly looks at a wide range of ages, often anyone older than 65. Previous studies in octogenarians report a wide-range of mortality rates and do not focus on skull base lesions. This paper strives to clarify the experiences and outcomes of octogenarians.
Patients and Methods This retrospective series reviews skull base tumor surgeries performed at a single academic institution over the past 15 years in octogenarian patients. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality; however, potential risk factors, perioperative morbidity, postdischarge disposition, and longer term follow-up were also captured. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify relevant perioperative and medical characteristics that increases the risk of adverse events.
Results Fourteen patients underwent craniotomies for skull base procedures with an average age of 84.5, with a 14% 30-day mortality rate. One patient required a tracheostomy on discharge and approximately half were able to either go home or rehabilitation after their procedure. On statistical analysis, there were no noted characteristics that predisposed any of the patients to a poorer outcome.
Conclusion Octogenarian patients were able to tolerate surgery for skull base meningiomas resection. This outcome data may be used to inform surgical decision and guide conversation with patients and their families.
Morphological Measurement and Anatomical Variations of the Clivus Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Serindere Gozde , Gunduz Kaan , Avsever Hakan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the clivus morphology, including fossa navicularis magna (FNM), canalis basilaris medianus (CBM), and craniopharyngeal canal (CC), on computed tomography (CT) images.
Design This is a retrospective study.
Setting Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.
Participants The CT images of 500 patients (253 males; 247 females) were evaluated.
Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of FNM, CBM, and CPC; the length, width, and depth of FNM; and CBM types were recorded. Also, a morphological analysis of the clivus (length of the clivus, angle between the clivus and the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, angle between the clivus and the dens axis, and anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum) was performed.
Results FNM was identified in 5.4%, CBM in 4%, and CC in 0.8% of the study group. Type 5 CBM was not found. Type 6 was the most common CBM type. There was no significant correlation between the age and gender of patients with FNM. There were significant differences between the clivus length, the angle between the clivus and the dens axis, the anteroposterior diameter of the foramen magnum, and gender. Also, there was a significant difference between the angle between the clivus and the foramen magnum and age.
Conclusions The anatomical variations of the clivus are rare and important for the oral and maxillofacial radiologist to make the differential diagnosis. These anatomical variations should not be confused with pathologic formations. The morphological measurements and anatomical variations of the clivus can be evaluated in detail on CT images.