bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at menarche and risk of adverse obstetric outcomes during the first childbirth in Japan: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Kanno Aya , Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tsuyoshi , Isogami Hirotaka , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fukuda Toma , Yasuda Shun , Suzuki Daisuke , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimAge at menarche is used as a risk indicator of gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and fetal growth. However, little is known regarding the age impact on obstetric outcomes among nulliparous women. This study investigated whether menarche age was correlated with obstetric outcomes among nulliparous women.MethodsWe analyzed the data obtained for 37 645 singleton pregnancies between 2011 and 2014 in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Age at menarche was categorized into the ≤9‐, 10‐, 11‐, 12‐, 13‐, 14‐, and ≥15‐year‐old groups (n = 363, 3155, 8390, 11 164, 6713, 5446, and 2414, respectively). We calculated the relative risk for cases of preterm birth <37 weeks, low birthweight <2500 g, small for gestational age, early and late‐onset hypertension disorders of pregnancy, and early‐ and late‐diagnosed (diagnosed < or ≧ 24 weeks) gestational diabetes mellitus using a reference of 12 years at menarche.ResultsWomen with an age at menarche ≤9 years showed an increased incidence of developing early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (relative risk: 2.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–5.60). A high body mass index before pregnancy increased the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsAge at menarche helped in assessing the risk of early‐diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus among nulliparous women. Future studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. This study is the first to use data from the largest prospective birth cohort study of Japan and to investigate the relationship between menarche age and obstetric outcomes among nulliparous women.
Outcome of superficial brachial axial pattern flaps used to close skin defects in dogs: 16 cases (1996‐2019)
Authors: Villedieu E. , Nolff M. C. , Del Magno S. , Emmerson T. , Field E. , Hattersley R. , De La Puerta B. , Ragni R. A. , Baines S. J. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo report the complication rate, type of complications and outcome of the superficial brachial axial pattern flap when used for closure of skin defects in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with a superficial brachial axial pattern flap for closure of a skin defect were reviewed. Information regarding signalment, reason for axial pattern flap use, skin flap size, flap healing, postoperative complications and need for revision surgery was collected.ResultsSixteen dogs were included in the study. Indications for the superficial brachial axial pattern flap included closure following tumour removal (15/16, 94%) and management of a non‐healing wound on the olecranon (1/16, 6%). Postoperative complications occurred in all dogs and included partial dehiscence (7/16, 44%), partial flap necrosis (6/16. 38%), seroma formation (5/16, 31%), flap oedema (3/16, 19%) and complete flap necrosis (2/16, 13%). Eight flaps (50%) healed without open wound management or additional surgery. Five dogs required open wound management without additional surgery, and three dogs (19%) required revision surgery.Clinical SignificanceUse of the superficial brachial axial pattern flap was associated with a high rate of complications. Most complications were managed without additional surgery and all wounds eventually healed, in some cases after prolonged open wound management.
Is there a firm size‐wage gap after economic transition? – An examination of for‐profit and not‐for‐profit firms in Estonia
Authors: Caudill Steven B. , Kroncke Charles O. , Mixon Franklin G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe labor economics and industrial organization literature is replete with studies showing a positive relationship between firm size and employees’ wages. However, no work to date has examined, particularly with regard to the inverse probability weighting approach taken in this study, whether this effect is present in a post‐communist country shortly after economic transition. This study fills that void by testing for a firm size‐wage effect in Estonia after it declared independence from the Soviet Union. In doing so, we employ a large micro‐dataset from the Estonian Labor Force Survey and find that, holding several job, industry, and city characteristics constant, a statistically significant firm size‐wage gap exists across workers employed by all types of firms, and separately for those employed across both for‐profit and not‐for‐profit firms in Estonia after its economic transition.
Deep learning–based artificial intelligence model for identifying swallow types in esophageal high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Kou Wenjun , Galal Galal Osama , Klug Matthew William , Mukhin Vladislav , Carlson Dustin A. , Etemadi Mozziyar , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to build and evaluate a deep learning, artificial intelligence (AI) model to automatically classify swallow types based on raw data from esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsHRM studies on patients with no history of esophageal surgery were collected including 1,741 studies with 26,115 swallows labeled by swallow type (normal, hypercontractile, weak‐fragmented, failed, and premature) by an expert interpreter per the Chicago Classification. The dataset was stratified and split into train/validation/test datasets for model development. Long short‐term memory (LSTM), a type of deep‐learning AI model, was trained and evaluated. The overall performance and detailed per‐swallow type performance were analyzed. The interpretations of the supine swallows in a single study were further used to generate an overall classification of peristalsis.Key ResultsThe LSTM model for swallow type yielded accuracies from the train/validation/test datasets of 0.86/0.81/0.83. The model's interpretation for study‐level classification of peristalsis yielded accuracy of 0.88 in the test dataset. Among model misclassification, 535/698 (77%) swallows and 25/35 (71%) studies were to adjacent categories, for example, normal to weak or normal to ineffective, respectively.Conclusions and InferencesA deep‐learning AI model can automatically and accurately identify the Chicago Classification swallow types and peristalsis classification from raw HRM data. While future work to refine this model and incorporate overall manometric diagnoses are needed, this study demonstrates the role that AI will serve in the interpretation and classification of esophageal HRM studies.
The Effect of Laminectomy with Instrumented Fusion Carried into the Thoracic Spine on the Sagittal Imbalance in Patients with Multilevel Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Sun Kaiqiang , Zhang Shikai , Yang Benzhao , Sun Xiaofei , Shi Jiangang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if there is a difference in either the cervical alignment or the clinical outcomes in cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) patients who underwent laminectomy with instrumented fusion (LIF) ending at C6, C7, or proximal thoracic spine for the treatment of multilevel OPLL, and to find out the appropriate distal fusion level.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. In total, 36 patients with cervical OPLL who underwent three or more level LIF in our institution between January 2015 and January 2017 were enrolled. They were divided into three groups according to their distal ends: C6 (nine females and 11 males, 60.45 ± 9.68 years old), C7 (four females and six males, 61.60 ± 10.29 years old), and T‐group (two females and four males, 64.33 ± 8.12 years old). Radiographic (compression level, classification of OPLL, occupying rate, C2‐7 cobb angle, C2‐7 sagittal vertical axis, and fusion level) and clinical outcomes (NDI score, operative time, and blood loss) were compared. Predictors of postoperative sagittal imbalance were also identified according to if the postoperative C2‐7 SVA was greater than 40 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative parameters predicting postoperative cervical stability were evaluated via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsAll patients were followed up at least 1 year. The blood loss in T group was significantly more than C6 or C7 group. The length of fusion level became significantly longer when the caudal level extended to the thoracic spine. The age, preoperative SVA, and NDI score at follow‐up were significantly greater in the imbalance group. At the final follow‐up, the cervical lordosis tended to be straight and the C2‐7 SVA tended to be greater when the caudal level of fusion was extended to upper thoracic segment. Further ROC curve analysis suggested that patients’ age had a sensitivity of 75.00%, specificity of 79.17% for cervical stability, and the AUC was 0.844 (P < 0.01), with the cutoff value for age being 66.5 years old. For preoperative SVA, the sensitivity was 58.30%, and specificity was 91.70%, with the AUC of 0.778 (P < 0.01). The cutoff value for preoperative SVA was 30.4 mm.ConclusionAlthough posterior fusion terminating in the thoracic spine was not superior to the cervical spine for patients with multilevel OPLL, for elderly patients (>67 years) with great preoperative SVA (>30 mm), terminating at C6 was recommended to limit the invasion of cervical extensor muscles, provided the decompression was adequate.
Perceptual attribution and perceptual reference
Authors: Quilty‐Dunn Jake , Green E. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerceptual representations pick out individuals and attribute properties to them. This paper considers the role of perceptual attribution in determining or guiding perceptual reference to objects. We consider three extant models of the relation between perceptual attribution and perceptual reference–all attribution guides reference, no attribution guides reference, or a privileged subset of attributions guides reference–and argue that empirical evidence undermines all three. We then defend a flexible‐attributives model, on which the range of perceptual attributives used to guide reference shifts adaptively with context. This model underscores the remarkable and dynamic intelligence of our perceptual capacities. We elucidate implications of the model for the boundary between perception and propositional thought.
THE MOLLUSCICIDAL EFFECT OF THE STEM EXTRACTS OF Tinospora crispa IN CONTROLLING THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Abdul Aziz Noorshilawati , Abdullah Nur Suraya , Harun Aiza , Muhamad Alias Siti Aisyah 
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the molluscicidal effect of the stem extracts of Tinospora crispa in controlling the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. Extracts were prepared in four solvents, i.e., hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water at three concentrations (1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm) per solvent. The phytochemical contents of the extracts were qualitatively identified, and the lethal concentration (LC50) of the extracts for mollusicicidal potential was determined using the probit analysis. The effect of T. crispa extracts on the snail was monitored for three days and the snail mortality was recorded every 24 h. The stem extract prepared in methanol at 10,000 ppm showed the highest molluscicidal effect with a mortality of 80% at 72 h. Phytochemicals identified in the stem extracts included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and terpenoids. Based on the probit analysis, stem extracts of T. crispa prepared in methanol showed the lowest LC50 value of 3,428 ppm for mollusicicidal potential and followed by extracts prepared in chloroform, hexane, and distilled water at 5,888, 14,771, and 14,993 ppm, respectively.
CHEMICAL EPOXIDATION OF OLEIC ACID TO PRODUCE AB TYPE MONOMER FOR FATTY-ACID-BASED POLYESTER SYNTHESIS
Authors: Sawitri Dyah Retno , Mulyono Panut , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Budiman Arief 
Published: October 2021

Epoxides from vegetable oils are currently gaining more attention to replace petroleum-based monomers for polymer synthesis. As one of unsaturated fatty acids derived from vegetable oil, Oleic acid can be converted into epoxidized oleic acid by chemical epoxidation. Epoxidized oleic acid is a bifunctional monomer that has the potential to be used as raw material for fatty-acid-based polyester synthesis. This paper proposes the Taguchi-based optimization technique for in-situ epoxidation of oleic acid. The combining factors affecting the maximum yield were also determined to obtain a higher quality of epoxidized oleic acid in a relatively short time. Epoxidized oleic acid was characterized and tested for degradation. The characterization result showed the possibility of the polymerization reaction, and the kinetic study showed that the rate of epoxide degradation at room temperature follows second order with a reaction rate constant of2.7235 gr.mmol-1.day-1.
A Micro-Polar Model for Buckling Analysis of Vierendeel Periodic Beams
Authors: Penta Francesco , Gesualdo Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for evaluating the axial critical loads and deformed shapes of a Vierendeel periodic girder. They are obtained by solving the large-deflections equilibrium problem of a micro-polar equivalent model. The elastic properties of this model have been derived from those of an ideal girder whose cells may deform only according to the inner forces transferring modes of the unit cell. In particular, the strain energy density of the equivalent medium is obtained by evaluating the limit of the girder elastic energy for the cell to girder size ratio tending to zero.
To solve Engesser/Haringx discord, the large deflections equilibrium equations are deduced by the virtual work principle, without any a priori assumption on the shear force. For this aim, also the external work of the substitute medium is evaluated by the same procedure as the strain energy density. Actually, it is first written for the ideal girder under the assumption of negligibility of the axial effects at the cell-scale, then specialized for the continuous medium by examining the limit value for cell to girder size ratio going to zero. Closed form solutions for the critical deformed shapes are given, together with an accurate formula for the girder buckling load
Maternal emotional and physical intimate partner violence and early child development: investigating mediators in a cross-sectional study in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Barnett Whitney , Halligan Sarah L , Wedderburn Catherine , MacGinty Rae , Hoffman Nadia , Zar Heather J , Stein Dan , Donald Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesThis study investigated associations between recent maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) (emotional, physical and sexual) and child development at 2 years as well as whether maternal depression or alcohol use mediated these relationships.DesignCross-sectional study nested in a South African birth cohort.SettingTwo primary care clinics in Paarl, South Africa.Participants626 mother–child pairs; inclusion criteria for maternal antenatal enrolment were clinic attendance and remaining in the study area for at least 1 year; women were excluded if a minor.Primary outcome measuresChild cognitive, language and motor development composite scores. These were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition.ResultsEmotional IPV was associated with lower cognitive (β=−0.32; 95% CI −0.60 to –0.04), language (β=−0.36; 95% CI −0.69 to –0.01) or motor composite scores (β=−0.58; 95% CI −0.95 to –0.20) in children at 2 years of age. Physical IPV was associated with lower motor scores (β=−0.42; 95% CI −0.75 to –0.09) at 2 years. Sexual IPV was unrelated to developmental outcomes, possibly due to low prevalence. Neither recent maternal depression nor alcohol use were shown to mediate the relationship between IPV and developmental outcomes.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce maternal physical and emotional IPV and early-life interventions for infants and toddlers are needed to promote optimal child development.
Is premature birth an environmental sensitivity factor? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Lionetti Francesca , Dellagiulia Antonio , Prudentino Giulia , Spinelli Maria , Pluess Michael , Fasolo Mirco 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionGlobally, around 10% of children are born preterm and are more at risk of negative developmental outcomes. However, empirical evidences and theoretical reasoning also suggest that premature birth can be a susceptibility factor, increasing sensitivity to the environment for better and for worse. Because available findings are controversial, with the current scoping review we will explore if, based on the available literature, preterm birth can be seen as an environmental sensitivity (ES) factor. In doing so, we will consider a series of moderating variables, including the level of prematurity, the type of environment and the outcome investigated. Methodological aspects, as the type of measures used and study design, will be considered.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology guidelines. The report will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. We will perform the search between 15 January 2022 and 1 February 2022. Data will be chartered by independent reviewers.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. This scoping review will be the first to explore whether prematurity is associated with an increased ES. This review can have important implications for tailoring prevention and intervention programmes. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Development of critical thinking skills of undergraduate students throughout the 4 years of nursing degree at a public university in Spain: a descriptive study
Authors: Jimenez Jose-Maria , Lopez Maria , Castro Maria-Jose , Martin-Gil Belen , Cao Maria-Jose , Fernandez-Castro Mercedes 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo analyse the critical thinking skills of students enrolled in the four academic years of the nursing degree at a public university belonging to the European Higher Education Area.DesignCross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study. Using the Critical Thinking Questionnaire to analyse the critical thinking skills in their substantive and dialogic dimension.SettingFaculty of Nursing, Valladolid Public University in Spain, belonging to the European Higher Education Area.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 215 first-year, second-year, third-year and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students.Main outcomesThe students of the four academic years were positively disposed towards critical thinking. The students of the final courses obtained higher average scores.ResultsThe study sample was 215 students, 19.1% men/80.9% women. The average score in the substantive dimension (3.81±0.53 points) was higher than that in the dialogic dimension (3.48±0.51 points) (p<0.001). They had a greater ability in listening and speaking (3.77±0.61 points) with respect to writing (3.65±0.61 points) and reading (3.52±0.43 points) (p<0.001). There are significant differences in the critical thinking average scores across academic years.ConclusionsNursing students displayed a greater critical thinking ability in its substantive dimension compared with the dialogic one. This reflects a greater ability in actions related to provide reasons and evidence that support their point of view. Identifying critical thinking skills in nursing students will help establish specific teaching methodologies focused on improving these skills.
National survey of attitudes towards and intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19: implications for communications
Authors: Stead Martine , Jessop Curtis , Angus Kathryn , Bedford Helen , Ussher Michael , Ford Allison , Eadie Douglas , MacGregor Andy , Hunt Kate , MacKintosh Anne Marie 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo examine public views on COVID-19 vaccination and consider the implications for communications and targeted support.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOnline and telephone nationally representative survey in Great Britain, January to February 2021.Participants4978 adults. Survey response rate was 84%, among the 5931 panellists invited.Main outcome measuresSociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, education, financial status), COVID-19 status, vaccine acceptance, trust in COVID-19 vaccination information sources, perceptions of vaccination priority groups and perceptions of importance of second dose.ResultsCOVID-19 vaccine acceptance (83%) was associated with increasing age, higher level of education and having been invited for vaccination. Acceptance decreased with unconfirmed past COVID-19, greater financial hardship and non-white British ethnicity; black/black British participants had lowest acceptance. Overall, healthcare and scientific sources of information were most trusted. Compared with white British participants, other ethnicities had lower trust in healthcare and scientific sources. Those with lower educational attainment or financial hardship had lower trust in healthcare and scientific sources. Those with no qualifications had higher trust in media and family/friends. While trust was low overall in community or faith leaders, it was higher among those with Asian/Asian British and black/black British ethnicity compared with white British participants. Views of vaccine prioritisation were mostly consistent with UK official policy but there was support for prioritising additional groups. There was high support for having the second vaccine dose.ConclusionsTargeted engagement is needed to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-white British ethnic groups, in younger adults, and among those with lower education, greater financial hardship and unconfirmed past infection. Healthcare professionals and scientific advisors should play a central role in communications and tailored messaging is needed for hesitant groups. Careful communication around vaccination prioritisation continues to be required.