bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity to Error During Visuomotor Adaptation is Similarly Modulated by Abrupt, Gradual and Random Perturbation Schedules
Authors: Coltman Susan K. , van Beers Robert J. , Medendorp W. Pieter , Gribble Paul L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has been suggested that sensorimotor adaptation involves at least two processes (i.e., fast and slow) that differ in retention and error sensitivity. Previous work has shown that repeated exposure to an abrupt force field perturbation results in greater error sensitivity for both the fast and slow processes. While this implies that the faster relearning is associated with increased error sensitivity, it remains unclear what aspects of prior experience modulate error sensitivity. In the present study, we manipulated the initial training using different perturbation schedules, thought to differentially affect fast and slow learning processes based on error magnitude, and then observed what effect prior learning had on subsequent adaptation. During initial training of a visuomotor rotation task, we exposed three groups of participants to either an abrupt, a gradual, or a random perturbation schedule. During a testing session, all three groups were subsequently exposed to an abrupt perturbation schedule. Comparing the two sessions of the control group who experienced repetition of the same perturbation, we found an increased error sensitivity for both processes. We found that the error sensitivity was increased for both the fast and slow processes, with no reliable changes in the retention, for both the gradual and structural learning groups when compared to the first session of the control group. We discuss the findings in the context of how fast and slow learning processes respond to a history of errors.New & NoteworthyWe investigated what aspects of prior experience modulate error sensitivity, within the framework of a two-state model of short-term sensorimotor adaptation. We manipulated initial training on a visuomotor adaptation reaching task using specific perturbation schedules that are thought to differentially affect fast and slow learning processes, and we tested what effect these had on subsequent adaptation. We found that sensitivity to adaptation error was similarly modulated by abrupt, gradual, and random perturbation schedules.
miR-486 is an epigenetic modulator of Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathologies
Authors: Hightower Rylie M. , Samani Adrienne , Reid Andrea L. , English Katherine G. , Lopez Michael A. , Doyle J. Scott , Conklin Michael J. , Schneider David A. , Bamman Marcas M. , Widrick Jeffrey J. , Crossman David K. , Xie Min , Jee David , Lai Eric C. , Alexander Matthew S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle disorder resulting in muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. MicroRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in muscle development, metabolism, and disease pathologies. We demonstrated that miR-486 expression is reduced in DMD muscles and its expression levels correlate with dystrophic disease severity.MicroRNA-486knockout mice developed disrupted myofiber architecture, decreased myofiber size, decreased locomotor activity, increased cardiac fibrosis, and metabolic defects that were exacerbated on the dystrophicmdx5cvbackground. We integrated RNA-sequencing and chimeric eCLIP-sequencing data to identify directin vivotargets of miR-486 and associated dysregulated gene signatures in skeletal muscle. In comparison to our DMD mouse muscle transcriptomes, we identified several of these miR-486 muscle targets including known modulators of dystrophinopathy disease symptoms. Together, our studies identify miR-486 as a driver of muscle remodeling in DMD, a useful biomarker for dystrophic disease progression, and highlight chimeric eCLIP-sequencing as a useful tool to identify directin vivomicroRNA target transcripts.Abstract Figure
300 years of change for native fish species in the upper Danube River Basin – historical flow alterations versus future climate change
Authors: Friedrichs-Manthey Martin , Langhans Simone D. , Borgwardt Florian , Hein Thomas , Kling Harald , Stanzel Philipp , Jähnig Sonja C. , Domisch Sami 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRiver ecosystems belong to the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Historical anthropogenic alterations have, and future climate change will further affect river ecosystems and the species therein. While many studies assess the potential effects of expected future changes on species, little is known about the severity of these changes compared to historical alterations. Here, we used a unique 300-year time series of hydrological and climate data to assess the vulnerability of 48 native fish species in the upper Danube River Basin. We calculated species-specific vulnerability estimates relative to the reference period (1970-2000) for the periods 1800-1830, 1900-1930, and 2070-2100, including two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and identified the environmental drivers of vulnerability estimates. Models showed that future changes under RCP 4.5 would result in moderate species vulnerability compared to historical conditions, while under RCP 8.5, the vulnerability for all species increased substantially. In addition, species vulnerability was mainly driven by hydrology in the past and is likely to be driven by temperature in the future. Our results show that future climate change would alter environmental conditions for riverine fish species at a similar magnitude as historical anthropogenic hydrological river alterations have. Shedding light on such long-term historical and possible future anthropogenic alterations provides valuable insights for prioritising conservation actions for riverine fish species.
A species-wide genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Imwattana Korakrit , Rodríguez César , Riley Thomas V. , Knight Daniel R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and spread of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the leading healthcare-related gastrointestinal infection in the world. An association between AMR and CDI outbreaks is well documented, however, data is limited to a few ‘epidemic’ strains in specific geographical regions. Here, through detailed analysis of 10,330 publicly-available C. difficile genomes from strains isolated worldwide (spanning 270 multilocus sequence types (STs) across all known evolutionary clades), this study provides the first species-wide snapshot of AMR genomic epidemiology in C. difficile. Of the 10,330 C. difficile genomes, 4,532 (43.9%) in 89 STs across clades 1 – 5 carried at least one genotypic AMR determinant, with 901 genomes (8.7%) carrying AMR determinants for three or more antimicrobial classes (multidrug-resistant, MDR). No AMR genotype was identified in any strains belonging to the cryptic clades. C. difficile from Australia/New Zealand had the lowest AMR prevalence compared to strains from Asia, Europe and North America (p<0.0001). Based on the phylogenetic clade, AMR prevalence was higher in clades 2 (84.3%), 4 (81.5%) and 5 (64.8%) compared to other clades (collectively 26.9%) (p<0.0001). MDR prevalence was highest in clade 4 (61.6%) which was over three times higher than in clade 2, the clade with the second-highest MDR prevalence (18.3%). There was a strong association between specific AMR determinants and three major epidemic C. difficile STs: ST1 (clade 2) with fluoroquinolone resistance (mainly T82I substitution in GyrA) (p<0.0001), ST11 (clade 5) with tetracycline resistance (various tet-family genes) (p<0.0001) and ST37 (clade 4) with macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance (mainly ermB) (p<0.0001) and MDR (p<0.0001). A novel and previously overlooked tetM-positive transposon designated Tn6944 was identified, predominantly among clade 2 strains. This study provides a comprehensive review of AMR in the global C. difficile population which may aid in the early detection of drug-resistant C. difficile strains, and prevention of their dissemination world-wide.Impact statementUtilising a publicly-available database of 10,330 sequence reads, this study provides the first species-wide evaluation of genotypic AMR in C. difficile. It reports the most common AMR determinants and their genomic neighbourhood, associations between important genotypes and specific strains or geographical regions, and rare AMR genotypes that may have been missed in earlier studies.Data summaryThis study utilises publicly available raw sequence reads available at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) as of January 2020. The details of all genomes are available in the Supplementary Data (10.6084/m9.figshare.14623533).
Systematic Chromosome Rearrangement Induced by CRISPR-Cas9 Reshapes the Genome and Transcriptome of Human Cells
Authors: Liu Ying , Ma Guangwei , Gao Zenghong , Li Jian , Wang Jin , Zhu Xiangping , Yang Jiawen , Zhou Yiting , Hu Kaishun , Zhang Yin , Guo Yabin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChromosome rearrangement plays important roles in development, carcinogenesis and evolution. However, its mechanism and subsequent effects are not fully understood. At present, large-scale chromosome rearrangement has been performed in the simple eukaryote, wine yeast, but the relative research in mammalian cells remains at the level of individual chromosome rearrangement due to technical limitations. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to target the highly repetitive human endogenous retrotransposons, LINE-1 (L1) and Alu, resulting in a large number of DNA double-strand breaks in the chromosomes. While this operation killed the majority of the cells, we eventually obtained live cell groups. Karyotype analysis and genome re-sequencing proved that we have achieved systematic chromosome rearrangement (SCR) in human cells. The copy number variations (CNVs) of the SCR genomes showed typical patterns that observed in tumor genomes. For example, the most frequent deleted region Chr9p21 containing p15 and p16 tumor suppressor, and the amplified region Chr8q24 containing MYC in tumors were all identified in both SCR cells. The ATAC-seq and RNA-seq further revealed that the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscapes were deeply reshaped by the SCR. Gene expressions related to p53 pathway, DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis were greatly altered to facilitate the cell survival under the severe stress induced by the large-scale chromosomal breaks. In addition, we found that the cells acquired CRISPR-Cas9 resistance after SCR by interfering with the Cas9 mRNA. Our study provided a new application of CRISPR-Cas9 and a practical approach for SCR in complex mammalian genomes.HighlightsRepetitive retroelements with large copy numbers were targeted using CRISPR-Cas9 in human cells.Cells survived after their chromosomal DNAs were heavily cleaved and systematic chromosome rearrangement was achieved.Systematic chromosome rearrangement reshaped the genome and transcriptome of the cells.
Senescence inhibits the chaperone response to thermal stress
Authors: Llewellyn Jack , Mallikarjun Venkatesh , Appleton Ellen , Osipova Maria , Gilbert Hamish TJ , Richardson Stephen M , Hubbard Simon J , Swift Joe 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCells respond to stress by synthesising chaperone proteins that correct protein misfolding to maintain function. However, protein homeostasis is lost in ageing, leading to aggregates characteristic of protein-folding diseases. Whilst much is known about how these diseases progress, discovering what causes protein-folding to deteriorate could be key to their prevention. Here, we examined primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), cultured to a point of replicative senescence and subjected to heat shock, as anin vitromodel of the ageing stress response. We found through proteomic analysis that the maintenance of homeostasis deteriorated in senescent cells. Time-resolved analysis of factors regulating heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSPA1A) revealed a lack of capacities for protein turnover and translation to be key factors in limiting the stress response during senescence. A kinetic model predicted a consequence of these reduced capacities to be the accumulation of misfolded protein, a hypothesis supported by evidence of systematic changes to protein fold state. These results thus further our understanding of the underlying mechanistic links between ageing and loss of protein homeostasis.
Examining pragmatic failure and other language-related risks in global aviation
Authors: Kale Utku , Herrera Michael , Nagy András 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to investigate the pragmatic failure and other language-related risks between pilots and air traffic controllers in intercultural aviation communication. The paper attempts to provide recommendations for the minimization of these risks, thereby improving aviation safety by reducing the rate of aviation incidents and accidents. Pragmatic failure refers to the miscomprehension of intended pragmatic meaning. As opposed to semantic meaning, it depends on the context and is highly influenced by culture.

Design/methodology/approach
The risk of pragmatic failure in aviation is presented hypothetically, and examples of language-related communication failure in air-to-ground communication between pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCOs) involving language are examined, including an example involving pragmatic failure. A questionnaire has been developed to survey pilots and ATCOs who communicate over radiotelephony. Results from 212 respondents are presented and conclusions are drawn.

Findings
The authors propose, based on linguistic theory and the results of this survey, that native English-speaking aviation operators gain more familiarity with the inner workings of the English language, in particular regarding the difference between semantic and pragmatic meaning. They benefit from this awareness whenever communicating with people of other cultures to develop the valuable skill of focusing on semantic meaning while avoiding adding pragmatic meaning. This minimizes the potential of misunderstanding when an emergency arises that cannot be dealt with through the International Civil Aviation Organization standard phraseology and when the listener of this message is someone from a different culture.

Practical implications
Language and communication are the main tools that play a vital role in reducing the rate of aircraft incidents and accidents. In aviation, pilots and ATCOs are neither in face-to-face contact nor have a video speech interface between them while communicating with each other. Their communications are conducted entirely through radio messages using a specialized language designed to make communication as accurate and efficient as possible. This study, therefore, is important in terms of investigating the risks of pragmatic failure and of language errors in general between pilots and air traffic controllers. This research will be a useful guide for designing training for operators (pilots and ATCOs) as well.

Originality/value
The main focus of the study is to investigate reasons for pragmatic failure and other language-related causes of misunderstanding between pilots and air traffic controllers over air-to-ground communication. To illustrate these roles, a questionnaire has been developed for pilots and ATCOs who communicate over aeronautical radiotelephony and examples of aircraft accidents were given.
Inflation rate and labours’ wages in construction projects: economic relation investigation
Authors: Musarat Muhammad Ali , Alaloul Wesam Salah , Liew M.S. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeLabours are one of the key resources of construction projects having a significant impact on economic development. With time, the construction industry is getting a boom due to numerous construction projects in which labours’ contribution is significant. Project betterment is associated with the project productivity which relates to the labours. Wages play a vital role in retaining labours in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on investigating the increasing and decreasing behaviour of labour wages in the construction industry and observing the impact of the inflation rate in deviating labour wages. Initially, the percentage deviation was calculated to observe the changing behaviour of the data and then the Spearman correlation test was used to find the relationship between the inflation rate and the labour wages.FindingsIt is evident that even with a good economy and a stable construction sector, still, the labour wages faced a decline over time, which is a matter of concern. Also, based on the correlation coefficient, it was revealed that several labour wages categories are moderately and strongly correlated with the inflation rate and can impact project cost if the inflation rate is not considered while finalizing the budget. Besides that, the changing behaviour of labour wages due to the inflation rate impacts significantly on gross domestic product (GDP); therefore, it requires vital attention.Originality/valueChanges in labour wages are not considered in budget estimation which drag the project towards cost overrun. This study brings the attention of the stakeholders on the issue with experimental justification. Also, how the inflation rate is affecting the labour wages has also been addressed.
Enabling construction project managers through a management game
Authors: Fahmi Hassan Arash , Haghighi-Rad Farzad , Abtahi Amir-Reza 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to design and develop a management game in the field of construction project management so that by playing the game, the required level of knowledge, skills, capabilities and overall project management competencies in individuals will be promoted. Also, player’s competencies can be measured.

Design/methodology/approach
This study, in terms of application, is applied research. The construction project management simulation game (CPMSG) was played by 18 university students. To evaluate the level of the players’ project management knowledge and quality of the game, questionnaires were used.

Findings
The game improves the players’ project management knowledge by 158%, and the educational program that was formulated in the game has also achieved the first three levels of bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. In the field of game quality, analysis of players’ results of responses and scores show that the game has a good quality level.

Originality/value
The CPMS game provides a useful tool for project management training, especially in the field of construction projects. It helps in addition to improving the quality of teaching theoretical topics, making students acquainted with the risks and uncertainties of such projects, and provides a simulated experience. In the field of common behavior analysis and player’s selection, the results indicated that the majority of groups used high-quality materials during the games to perform activities related to the appearance of the building (such as finishing and building facade activities) and used medium quality materials in implementing infrastructural activities such as brickwork and floor construction that are not visible in the appearance of work.
Event technology for potential sustainable practices: a bibliometric review and research agenda
Authors: Celuch Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis research provides a bibliometric review of the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of events, and maps out an agenda for future directions on how innovations in the technological realm can help fostering sustainability in the events industry.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the progress of ICTs and future applications in events, this study conducts a two-fold method of a bibliometric analysis and a modularity clustering technique based on 293 papers published in the last 30 years.FindingsThe findings offer a snapshot of the past progress to offer a glimpse into the future by formulating novel areas for research that merit attention. By interweaving the past, present and future towards sustainability, an agenda with four concrete areas for research is identified, including (1) virtual events, (2) the use of artificial intelligence, (3) big data technology, and (4) virtual reality and augmented reality in the events industry.Originality/valueThe current global challenges together with the rapid technological progress can particularly give rise to innovations in the technological sector. Through a bibliometric review of past research, this study offers a future research agenda of ICTs in the events sector in light of the Sustainable Development Goals. It contributes with a discussion on how to harvest the technological progress to create more sustainable events.
Real estate development in the city of Athens during the financial crisis
Authors: Nikitidou Maria , Archontakis Fragiskos , Tagkalakis Athanasios 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to determine how the prices of residential properties in the Greek real estate sector are affected by their structural characteristics and by the prevailing economic factors during recession.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on 13,835 valuation reports for the city of Athens, covering a period of 11 years (2006–2016), this study develops a series of econometric models, taking into account both structural characteristics of the property market and the macroeconomic relevant variables. Finally, the city of Athens is divided into sub-regions and the different effects of the structural factors in each area are investigated via spatial analysis confirming the validity of the baseline model.

Findings
Findings show that the size, age, level, parking and storage space can explain the property price movements. Moreover, the authors find evidence that it is primarily house demand variables (e.g. the annual average wage, the unemployment rate, the user cost of capital, financing constraints and expectations about the future course of the house market) that affect house prices in a statistically significant manner and with the correct sign. Finally, using a difference-in-differences approach, this study finds that an increase in house demand (on account of net migration) led to higher house prices in smaller and older than in larger and younger apartments in areas with high concentration of immigrants.

Originality/value
This study uses a novel data set to help entities, individuals and policy-makers to understand how the recent economic and financial crisis has affected the real estate market in Athens.