bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria
Authors: Kato Satoshi , Demura Satoru , Kabata Tamon , Matsubara Hidenori , Kurokawa Yuki , Kajino Yoshitomo , Okamoto Yoshiyuki , Kuroda Kazunari , Kimura Hiroaki , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Shimizu Takaki , Igarashi Kentaro , Inoue Daisuke , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the condition of patients with locomotive syndrome (LS) and their improvement after undergoing surgery for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases using the new criteria, including stage 3.

Methods
In total, 435 patients aged ≥40 years (167 middle-aged and 268 older) were divided into four groups based on the disease location: the lumbar (n = 118), hip (n = 191), knee (n = 80), and foot and ankle (n = 46) groups. Patients were evaluated by pre- and 1 year postoperative LS risk tests, including the stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale.

Results
The pre- and postoperative prevalence of LS stage 3 were 78% and 29%, respectively. The postoperative LS stage improved in 62% of patients (77% and 53% in the middle-aged and older groups, respectively). Overall, the knee group showed the worst results, and the foot and ankle groups showed the best pre- and postoperative results. The pre- and postoperative prevalence of LS stage 3 according to the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale were comparable to those based on the total assessment.

Conclusions
The new LS stage criteria are appropriate, and the 25-Question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale is a good option for evaluating patients requiring surgery.
Coxiella burnetii Infection Associated With Thromboangiitis Obliterans–like Phenomena With Digital Autoamputation: A Case Report and Review of Q Fever–Associated Autoimmunity
Authors: Shepard Zachary , Skorupa Tara , Espinoza Leigh , Erlandson Kristine , Damioli Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a case of a patient with chronic Q fever who presented with digital necrosis, autoamputations, and positive anticentromere antibody, mimicking a scleroderma vasculopathy or thromboangiitis obliterans. Coxiella burnetii infection has long been associated with the presence of autoantibodies and autoimmune phenomena including vasculitis. Clinicians should consider Q fever testing in patients with new-onset autoimmune diseases or autoantibodies and appropriate exposure histories.
The Voices of Samizdat and Magnitizdat
Authors: Komaromi Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter treats “samizdat” (self-publishing) and “magnitizdat” (audio tape self-publishing) in the late Soviet Union via the concept of the “voice.” Komaromi discusses a select set of examples including guitar poetry; Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago; Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s Gulag Archipelago, Evgeniia Ginzburg’s camp memoirs; poetry at Maiakovskii Square; and the texts of Leningrad second culture. These examples facilitate exploration of the way samizdat and magnitizdat related to official culture, even as they expanded the range of late Soviet culture far beyond what was allowed in print. They also make it possible to analyze the way samizdat and magnitizdat voices mediated between silence and speech, matter and spirit, presence and absence, and the individual and the collective, creating new ways for Soviet citizens to express themselves and be heard by one another.
Predictive Performance of Next Generation Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) Model Predictions in Rats Based on In Vitro and In Silico Input Data
Authors: Punt Ans , Louisse Jochem , Pinckaers Nicole , Fabian Eric , van Ravenzwaay Bennard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to assess the predictive performance of a minimal generic rat physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model based on in vitro and in silico input data to predict peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) upon single oral dosing. To this purpose, a dataset was generated of 3960 Cmax predictions for 44 compounds, applying different combinations of in vitro and in silico approaches for chemical parameterization, and comparison of the predictions to reported in vivo data. Best performance was obtained when (1) the hepatic clearance was parameterized based on in vitro measured intrinsic clearance values, (2) the method of Rodgers and Rowland for calculating partition coefficients, and (3) in silico calculated fraction unbound plasma and Papp values (the latter especially for very lipophilic compounds). Based on these input data, the median Cmax of 32 compounds could be predicted within 10-fold of the observed Cmax, with 22 out of these 32 compounds being predicted within 5-fold, and 8 compounds within 2-fold. Overestimations of more than 10-fold were observed for 12 compounds, whereas no underestimations of more than 10-fold occurred. Median Cmax predictions were frequently found to be within 10-fold of the observed Cmax when the scaled unbound hepatic intrinsic clearance (Clint,u) was either higher than 20 l/h or lower than 1 l/h. Similar findings were obtained with a test set of 5 in-house BASF compounds. Overall, this study provides relevant insights in the predictive performance of a minimal PBK model based on in vitro and in silico input data.
Building Capacity for Community Pediatric Autism Diagnosis: A Systemic Review of Physician Training Programs
Authors: Guan Xiaoning , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Sonnenberg Lyn K. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objectives:
Training primary care providers to provide diagnostic assessments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) decreases wait times and improves diagnostic access. Outcomes related to the quality of these assessments and the impacts on system capacity have not been systematically examined. This systematic review identifies and summarizes published studies that included ASD diagnostic training for primary care providers (PCPs) and aims to guide future training and evaluation methods.

Methods:
Systematic searches of electronic databases, reference lists, and journals identified 6 studies that met 3 inclusion criteria: training for PCPs, community setting, and training outcome(s) reported. These studies were critically reviewed to characterize (1) study design, (2) training model, and (3) outcomes.

Results:
All studies were either pre-post design or nonrandomized trials with a relatively small number of participants. There was considerable heterogeneity among studies regarding the training provided and the program evaluation process. The most evaluated outcomes were access to autism diagnosis and accuracy of diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Training PCPs to make ASD diagnoses can yield high diagnostic agreement with specialty teams' assessments and reduce diagnostic wait times. Current data are limited by small sample size, poor to fair quality study methodology, and heterogenous study designs and outcome evaluations. Evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions about the overall effects of training PCPs for ASD diagnostic assessments. Since further research is still needed, this review highlights which outcomes are relevant to consider when evaluating the quality of ASD assessments across the continuum of approaches.
Gestational Diabetes in Twin Versus Singleton Pregnancies With Normal Weight or Overweight Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index
Authors: Dimitris Michelle C. , Kaufman Jay S. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Platt Robert W. , Himes Katherine P. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Gestational diabetes might be more common in twin versus singleton pregnancies, yet the reasons for this are unclear. We evaluated the extent to which this relationship is explained by higher mid-pregnancy weight gain within normal weight and overweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) strata.

Methods:
We analyzed serial weights and glucose screening and diagnostic data abstracted from medical charts for twin (n = 1397) and singleton (n = 3117) pregnancies with normal or overweight pre-pregnancy BMI delivered from 1998 to 2013 at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pennsylvania. We used causal mediation analyses to estimate the total effect of twin versus singleton pregnancy on gestational diabetes, as well as those mediated (natural indirect effect) and not mediated (natural and controlled direct effects) by pathways involving mid-pregnancy weight gain.

Results:
Odds of gestational diabetes were higher among twin pregnancies [odds ratios (ORs) for total effect = 2.83 (95% CI = 1.54, 5.19) for normal weight and 2.09 (95% CI = 1.16, 3.75) for overweight pre pregnancy BMI], yet there was limited evidence that this relationship was mediated by mid-pregnancy weight gain [ORs for natural indirect effect = 1.21 (95% CI = 0.90, 1.24) for normal weight and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.92, 1.21) for overweight pre-pregnancy BMI] and more evidence of mediation via other pathways [ORs for natural direct effect = 2.34 (95% CI = 1.24, 4.40) for normal weight and 1.97 (95% CI = 1.08, 3.60) for overweight pre-pregnancy BMI].

Conclusions:
While twin pregnancies with normal weight or overweight pre-pregnancy BMI experienced higher odds of gestational diabetes versus singletons, most of this effect was explained by pathways not involving mid-pregnancy weight gain.
Placental Development and Pregnancy-Associated Diseases
Authors: Yu Xin , Wu Hongyu , Yang Yun , Wang Feiyang , Wang Yan-Ling , Shao Xuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Serving as the interface between the fetal and maternal environments during gestation, the placenta plays critical roles in the protection of the developing fetus and the maintenance of maternal health. The placenta is primarily derived from the embryonic trophectoderm which differentiates into various subtypes of trophoblast cells through villous and extravillous pathways. The interactions among trophoblasts and multiple decidual cells and immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface fundamentally form the functional units of the placenta, which are responsible for blood perfusion and maternal-fetal material exchange, immune tolerance, and the regulation of pregnancy adaptation. Defects in placental development and functional maintenance are in tight association with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia. In this article, we review recent advances on human trophoblast cell differentiation and the construction of placental functional units and discuss the placental and maternal factors that may contribute to the occurrence of preeclampsia.
Association between post-traumatic stress disorder and hypertension in Congolese exposed to violence: a case–control study
Authors: Bapolisi Achille , Maurage Pierre , Pappaccogli Marco , Georges Coralie M.G. , Petit Géraldine , Balola Mitterrand , Cikomola Cirhuza , Bisimwa Ghislain , Burnier Michel , Persu Alexandre , de Timary Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Numerous risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The contribution of psychological factors, including post-traumatic stress disorder, remains largely underexplored, despite their potential role in hypertension.

Objectives:
We compared the prevalence of trauma, post-traumatic stress and other psychological disorders between hypertensive and normotensive patients from Bukavu (Democratic Republic of Congo), a 25-year war-exposed city.

Methods and measures:
In this case–control study, we assessed past traumatic events with the Stressful-Events-Scale, post-traumatic stress disorder through the post-traumatic diagnostic scale, depression and alcohol use disorder through the MINI-International-Neuropsychiatric-Interview, and emotion regulation through the Emotion-Regulation-Questionnaire in 106 hypertensive and 106 normotensive patients, enrolled at the Bukavu General Hospital.

Results:
Compared with normotensive controls (73% women, age: 43 ± 14 years, BP: 121 ± 10/75 ± 8 mmHg), hypertensive patients (57% women, age: 42 ± 13 years, BP: 141 ± 12/82 ± 7 mmHg, on a median of two antihypertensive drugs) were exposed to more man-made traumas (61 vs. 13%, P < 0.001), used more expressive suppression (P = 0.05) and less cognitive reappraisal (P = 0.02) as emotional regulation strategies. They developed more frequent post-traumatic stress disorder (36 vs. 7%, P < 0.001) and major depressive disorder (37 vs. 13%, P = 0.001), often in association with alcohol use disorder (23 vs. 4%, P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, post-traumatic stress disorder [OR = 3.52 (1.23–6.54)], man-made trauma [OR = 2.24 (1.15–4.12)], family history of hypertension [OR = 2.24 (1.06–4.44)], fasting blood glucose [OR = 1.85 (1.07–3.08)], BMI [OR = 1.28 (1.12–2.92)], expressive suppression [OR = 1.23 (1.11–2.23)] and cognitive reappraisal [OR = 0.76 (0.63–0.98)] were independent predictors of hypertension.

Conclusion:
In Congolese populations exposed to war, man-made trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder appear to be more tightly related to hypertension than classical hypertension risk factors.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function and Mitral Regurgitation Severity Early After Percutaneous Device Closure of the Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Sahebjam Mohammad , Toofaninejad Neda , Ajam Ali , Hosseini Kaveh , Jalali Arash , Zoroufian Arezou 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one the most prevalent forms of congenital heart disease in adults. Closure of ASDs eliminates left-to-right shunt and reduces right heart volumes, but the effects of ASD closure, on the left ventricle (LV) and mitral valve competence are somewhat inconsistent. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the early effect of percutaneous closure of ASD on LV function and mitral regurgitation (MR) severity.

Methods:
In this prospective study, we enrolled 32 patients with ASD secundum who underwent percutaneous device closure in Tehran Heart Center. We used transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before the procedure and TTE 24 hours after the procedure, then compared obtained LV parameters before and after the procedure.

Results:
LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) increased significantly from 44.8 ± 2.4 to 45.8 ± 2.8 (P < 0.001). LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) also increased but was statistically insignificant (P = 0.063) and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) remained nearly unchanged. Highest alteration was in right ventricular systolic pressure (12.4% decrease; P < 0.001) and mitral early Doppler/tissue Doppler velocity ratio (E/E′) (9.7% increase; P = 0.010). The change in MR severity was insignificant using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P = 0.157).

Conclusions:
We concluded that systolic functions do not change immediately. However, LVEDD and E/E′ will increase immediately, resulting from the passage of all blood from the LA into the LV in the early diastole just after closure. We also observed the positive effect of device closure on reducing right ventricular systolic pressure, and at least it does not worsen MR early after the procedure.
TREATMENT DEFERRAL DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN
Authors: Montesel Andrea , Gigon Anthony , Giacuzzo Clarice , Mantel Irmela , Eandi Chiara M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the visual and anatomical impact of intravitreal injection treatment deferral because of the COVID-19 lockdown on patients affected by neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 314 patients (394 eyes) who were scheduled to receive the impact of intravitreal injections during the Swiss lockdown. We compared patients who continued to receive scheduled impact of intravitreal treatment without clinical consultation (Group Continue ‟C”; n = 215) and patients for whom the impact of intravitreal treatment was completely deferred (Group Stop, ‟S”; n = 179). Functional and anatomical parameters were collected at four time points before and after the lockdown.

Results:
In Group C, the visual acuity at baseline and after the lockdown did not differ significantly. In Group S, the visual acuity deteriorated significantly compared with baseline and then improved slightly after the resumption of treatment, but it did not recover to baseline values. The mean central subfield thickness remained stable in Group C, whereas it increased in Group S and then returned to prelockdown values after the resumption of treatment.

Conclusion:
An “injection-only” approach was effective in managing patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the pandemic lockdown, whereas patients who deferred their scheduled treatment showed partially irreversible deterioration of visual function. We recommend treatment continuation in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration during a lockdown.
Assessment of Corneal Densitometry in Big-Bubble Dissection Versus Manual Dissection Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Hashish Aya M. , El-Awady Hatem E. , Sabry Dalia M. , Awad Eman A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess corneal densitometry and visual outcomes after big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (BB-DALK) and manual dissection deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
This retrospective comparative observational study included 40 keratoconic patients who underwent DALK surgery: 22 eyes had BB-DALK (group I) and 18 eyes had failed BB technique and DALK was completed by manual dissection (group II). Best -corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topographic parameters, residual stromal tissue thickness, and endothelial cell count were recorded at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Densitometric analysis of different corneal layers and zones was performed using Scheimpflug tomography at each visit; values were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
At 1 and 6 months postoperatively, BCVA was better in group I than in group II, but with no statistically significant difference. At 12 months, the visual acuities became nearly similar in both groups (0.30 ± 0.13 vs. 0.30 ± 0.14 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, P = 0.888). Regarding corneal densitometric analysis, the recorded values for the posterior corneal layer were significantly higher in group II compared with group I at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively in the 0- to 2-mm zone (P < 0.001) and the 2- to 6-mm zone (P = 0.029, 0.028, 0.001, and <0.001).

Conclusions:
Manual dissection DALK after failed BB technique may affect the interface stromal reflectivity up to 12 months postoperatively. However, this does not significantly affect the visual acuity in comparison with successful BB-DALK.
An exploratory study of ascitic fluid lactate as prognostic factor of mortality in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Mani Iliana , Alexopoulos Theodoros , Hadziyannis Emilia , Tsiriga Athanasia , Vourli Georgia , Alexopoulou Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

Background
The diagnostic value of ascitic fluid lactate (AF lactate) was previously evaluated in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) but its prognostic value was not established.

Aim
To assess the prognostic value of AF lactate in SBP.

Methods
We prospectively studied 63 consecutive patients with SBP. Fifty patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) or acute decompensation (AD) (ACLF/AD group) without SBP and 30 with stable decompensated cirrhosis (DC) were included as controls. In SBP, mortality was recorded at 30, 90 and 180 days.

Results
Arterial and AF lactate were significantly higher in SBP compared to other groups. Analyzing the SBP group alone, AF lactate accurately differentiated survivors from nonsurvivors in all time points. The prognostic performance of AF lactate was improved over time, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic computed at 0.894, 0.927 and 0.934 at 30, 90 and 180 days, respectively. The cutoff level of 2 mmol/L was associated with 100, 100 and 94.7% sensitivity, 57.9, 73.3 and 80% specificity, 61, 80.5 and 87.8% positive predictive value and 100, 100 and 90.9% negative predictive value, respectively. Arterial lactate, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score predicted outcomes less accurately than AF lactate. Patients with AF lactate >2 mmol/L had a worse prognosis compared to patients with ≤2 mmol/L (log-rank P < 0.001). No case with AF lactate ≤2 mmol/L died within 90 days postSBP diagnosis. In Cox multivariate analysis at all time points, only AF lactate and NLR were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
An AF lactate level of 2 mmol/L has a high ability to differentiate survivors from nonsurvivors in the first 180 days postSBP. Its prognostic value outperformed arterial-lactate, NLR and MELD.
Radiomics and deep learning approach to the differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumors
Authors: Gündüz Emrah , Alçin Ömer Faruk , Kizilay Ahmet , Piazza Cesare 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Advances in computer technology and growing expectations from computer-aided systems have led to the evolution of artificial intelligence into subsets, such as deep learning and radiomics, and the use of these systems is revolutionizing modern radiological diagnosis. In this review, artificial intelligence applications developed with radiomics and deep learning methods in the differential diagnosis of parotid gland tumors (PGTs) will be overviewed.

Recent findings
The development of artificial intelligence models has opened new scenarios owing to the possibility of assessing features of medical images that usually are not evaluated by physicians. Radiomics and deep learning models come to the forefront in computer-aided diagnosis of medical images, even though their applications in the differential diagnosis of PGTs have been limited because of the scarcity of data sets related to these rare neoplasms. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that artificial intelligence tools can classify common PGTs with reasonable accuracy.

Summary
All studies aimed at the differential diagnosis of benign vs. malignant PGTs or the identification of the commonest PGT subtypes were identified, and five studies were found that focused on deep learning-based differential diagnosis of PGTs. Data sets were created in three of these studies with MRI and in two with computed tomography (CT). Additional seven studies were related to radiomics. Of these, four were on MRI-based radiomics, two on CT-based radiomics, and one compared MRI and CT-based radiomics in the same patients.
Noninvasive methods to reduce cardiac complications postheart transplant
Authors: Zhou Leon , Wolfson Aaron , Vaidya Ajay S. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Long-term success of heart transplantation is limited by allograft rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Classic management has relied on frequent invasive testing to screen for early features of rejection and CAV to allow for early treatment. In this review, we discuss new developments in the screening and prevention of allograft rejection and CAV.

Recent findings
Newer noninvasive screening techniques show excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clinically significant rejection. New biomarkers and treatment targets continue to be identified and await further studies regarding their utility in preventing allograft vasculopathy.

Summary
Noninvasive imaging and biomarker testing continue to show promise as alternatives to invasive testing for allograft rejection. Continued validation of their effectiveness may lead to new surveillance protocols with reduced frequency of invasive testing. Furthermore, these noninvasive methods will allow for more personalized strategies to reduce the complications of long-term immunosuppression whereas continuing the decline in the overall rate of allograft rejection.