bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological indices and abnormalities among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan: A comparative study
Authors: Elkhalifa Ahmed M. E. , Abdul-Ghani Rashad , Tamomh Abdelhakam G. , Eltaher Nur Eldin , Ali Nada Y. , Ali Moataz M. , Bazie Elsharif A. , KhirAlla Aboagla , DfaAlla Fatin , Alhasan Omnia A. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Hematological abnormalities are common features in falciparum malaria but vary among different populations across countries. Therefore, we compared hematological indices and abnormalities between Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients and malaria-negative subjects in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Technology Laboratory Unit of Kosti Teaching Hospital from June to December 2018. A total of 392 participants (192 P. falciparum-infected patients and 200 malaria-negative subjects) were recruited in the study. Hematological indices of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets were measured and their median values were statistically compared. Results: The majority of P. falciparum-infected patients (64.6%) showed a low-level parasitemia. The median values of Hb concentration, RBC count, mean corpuscular Hb and mean corpuscular Hb concentration were significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with anemia being significantly higher among infected patients than malaria-negative subjects (60.4% vs. 29.5%, respectively). The median total WBC count was non-significantly higher in P. falciparum-infected patients, with leucopenia being non-significantly different between both groups. The median platelet count was significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with thrombocytopenia being significantly higher among infected patients than malaria-negative subjects (72.4% vs. 5.0%, respectively).Conclusions: Most falciparum malaria infections among patients in Kosti city of the White Nile State – Sudan are of low-level parasitemia. Nevertheless, falciparum malaria is significantly associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia with lower median values of Hb, RBC count, MCH, MCHC and platelet count in P. falciparum-infected patients than malaria-negative subjects. In contrast, leucopenia is not useful to predict falciparum malaria. Further large-scale studies in community and healthcare settings and inclusion of patients with complicated or severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.
3S-IoT an Algorithm to make the Network Secure and Smart
Authors: pant maneesh , Singh Brijmohan , Gupta Dharam Vir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growing and widespread presence of Internet of Things (IoT) has made the lives of all comfortable and handy, but poses various challenges, like efficiency, security, and high energy drain, threatening smart IoT-based applications. Small applications rely on Unicast communication. In a group-oriented communication, multicast is better as transmission takes place using fewer resources. Therefore, many IoT applications rely on multicast transmission. To handle sensitive applications, the multicast traffic requires an actuator control. Securing multicast traffic by itself is cumbersome, as it expects an efficient and flexible Group Key Establishment (GKE) protocol. The paper proposes a three-tier model that can control the IoT and control multicast communications. The first authentication is at network linking where we used a 256-bit keyless encryption technique. Machine learning-based chaotic map key generation authenticates the GKE. Finally, MD5 establishes the system key. 3S-IoT is smart to detect any tempering with the devices. It stores signatures of the connected devices. The algorithm reports any attempt to change or temper a device. 3S-IoT can thwart attacks such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM), phishing, and more. We calculated energy consumed, bandwidth, and the time taken to check the robustness of the proposed model. The results establish that 3S-IoT can efficiently deal with the attacks. The paper compares 3S-IoT with Benchmark algorithms.
Royal jelly and propolis therapies reduce inflammation and stimulate healing of oral mucositis in rats
Authors: Severo Mara Luana Batista , Thieme Stéfanie , Silveira Felipe Martins , Tavares Raquel Padilha Martins , Gonzaga Amanda Katarinny Goes , Zucolotto Silvana Maria , Araújo Aurigena Antunes , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Martins Manoela Domingues Martins Domingues , Silveira Ericka Janine Dantas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of action of royal jelly (RJ) and propolis in an animal model of oral mucositis (OM).Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 18): control (no treatment), PBMT (intraoral laser, 6 J/cm2), RJ, and propolis. On days 0 and 2, animals received injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The buccal mucosa was scratched (days 3 and 4) and the treatments were initiated on day 5. Six animals of each group were euthanized on days 8, 10, and 14. Phytochemical analysis (thin-layer chromatography-TLC), clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical of pS6, pAKT and NF-κB and oxidative stress markers were also investigated.Results TLC revealed the presence of large amounts of sucrose (Rf 0.34) in RJ and flavonoids in propolis. On day 8, lower clinical OM scores (and day 10) and morphological were observed in the PBMT, RJ and propolis groups (p < 0.05). On day 8, immunoexpression of pS6, pAKT and NF-κB was increased when compared to control. On day 14, GSH antioxidant levels were increased in the propolis group compared to control (p < 0.05).Conclusions Our results showed that RJ and propolis, as well as PBMT, are effective in the treatment of OM. The RJ and propolis may explain their excellent wound healing activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering that not all patients who develop OM have access to PBMT, the present study demonstrated that topical application of RJ and propolis may be an important alternative for the treatment of OM.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical surgery for stage IB2/IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma:A prospective, randomized controlled study of 35 patients
Authors: Huang Jing , Wu Xiuhong , Yu Ying , Liao Zhenrong , Chen Xiyun , Luo Deping , Shen Changmei , Wang Qi , Peng Tao , Pan Yiyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes for patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical surgery. Methods: A total of 68 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 33). The patients in the experimental group received paclitaxel plus cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for two cycles after the diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and were rested for 2 weeks after chemotherapy, The control group underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy combined with total pelvic lymph node dissection after the diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The toxic and side effects of chemotherapy in the experimental group were observed. Also, the operation method, operation time, blood loss, grade of wound healing, complications, and postoperative pathology were noted in the two groups. Primary foci and pelvic lymph node recurrence and distant metastasis were observed, and 3-year and 5-year survival rates were calculated. Results. Only one patient in the experiment had grade Ⅲ bone marrow suppression; no other grade III and IV chemotherapy toxic reactions were observed. The operation was successfully completed in all patients. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, placement of ureteral catheter, bladder injury, ureteric injury, postoperative urinary tub, pelvic drainage tube indwelling time, anal exhaust time, postoperative complications, and metastatic ratio of lymph nodes were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05); The number of dissected lymph nodes, deep myometrial invasion, and vascular tumor emboli showed a significant difference in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The 3-year disease-free survival (82.9% vs 81.9%), 5-year disease-free survival (71.4% vs 60.6%), 3-year overall survival (91.4% vs 87.8%), and 5-year overall survival (82.9% vs 75.6%) were not statistically significantly different between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ⅠB2/ⅡA2 stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma showed low toxic side effects. Radical surgery after chemotherapy is safe and feasible. It plays a coordinating role in reducing the tumor infiltration depth of the deep muscle layer and the incidence of vascular tumor emboli, reducing the use of postoperative adjuvant therapy, and improving the quality of life of patients, but does not improve the 3-year/5-year survival rate.
Phosphorylation of MX2 regulates innate immunity against HIV-1
Authors: Betancor Gilberto , Jimenez-Guardeño Jose , Lynham Steven , Antrobus Robin , Khan Hataf , Sobala Andrew , Dicks Matthew , Malim Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interferon (IFN) mobilizes a cellular anti-viral state by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MxB) is an ISG that inhibits HIV-1 infection by suppressing viral import into the nucleus. The amino-terminal domain (NTD) of MX2 plays an essential role in viral inhibition and, here, we exploit proteomic screening to identify the myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) components MYPT1 and PPP1CB as key NTD binding partners. Experimental depletion of either protein, or pharmacologic inhibition of MLCP, reduces MX2 anti-viral activity. Analysis of post-translational modifications defined sites of phosphorylation within the NTD, and replacement of the serines at positions 14, 17 and 18 with the phosphomimetic aspartic acid phenocopies MLCP silencing by abrogating anti-viral function. Phosphorylation of this triple-serine motif impedes MX2’s interaction with its HIV-1 protein target, Capsid, reduces MX2 accumulation at the nuclear envelope, and weakens MX2’s ability to inhibit the nuclear import of non-viral karyophilic cargo. Finally, IFN itself acts to reduce levels of phosphorylation at these key regulatory serines. We therefore propose that homeostatic repression of MX2 through NTD phosphorylation, together with its reversal by MLCP and IFN, balances the deleterious effects of MX2 on normal cell function with innate immunity against HIV-1.
Protection of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA): an observational study
Authors: Wu Zhen , Fang Jugao , Ma Hongzhi , Chen Xiao , Zhong Qi , Hou Lizhen , Huang Junwei , Wang Ru , Shen Xixi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Avoiding injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve（EBSLN） is one of the major challenges during thyroid surgery, especially in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). This study aimed to investigate the protective strategies of the EBSLN during TOETVA. Methods: In order to protect the EBSLN during TOETVA, we adopted the method of identification the nerve by anatomy and localization. The method of anatomy involves the dissection of EBSLN by complete transection of the sternothyroid muscle in the attachment of the thyroid cartilage. The method of localization involves nerve stimulation localization, which produces cricothyroid contractile activity through intraoperative nerve monitoring stimulation (IONM). Concurrently, patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 3 weeks postoperatively in an individual prospective cohort study using a stroboscopic laryngoscope and the voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10). The VHI-10 score was used to evaluate voice changes. Results: We retrospectively analyzed patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who underwent TOETVA in the thyroid center of the Beijing Tongren hospital between February 2018 and June 2020. Patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve（RLN）damage were excluded. Sixty patients were enrolled in this study, of which four underwent total thyroidectomy. Intraoperatively, 56 EBSLNs were located (56/64, 87.50%). Among these, the left EBSLN was identified in 20/25(80.00%) and the right EBSLN was identified in 36/39 (92.31%) cases. One week postoperatively, a blinded stroboscopic laryngoscope examination showed that no patient had paresis of the EBSLN. However, the VHI-10 score was significantly higher than the preoperative value (10.58 ± 4.54 vs. 3.00 ± 1.54, p＜0.01). At three weeks postoperatively, the overall score was still different from that preoperatively (4.83 ± 3.34 vs. 3.00 ± 1.54, p＜0.01); however, the vast majority of patients returned to their preoperative status. Conclusion: In TOETVA, the EBSLN can be well exposed by transection of the sternothyroid muscle, and combined with IONM, the protection of the function of the EBSLN can be guaranteed. Simultaneously, we observed that TOETVA could cause a short-term voice handicap in patients, with such changes generally returning to normal within three weeks.
Multi-omics data reveal genes that are relevant for muscular amino acids in the common carp
Authors: Zhu Youxiu , Zhang Hanyuan , Xu Peng , Zhao Zixia , Feng Jianxin , Wu Biyin , Jiang Yanliang , Dong Chuanju , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Fish muscular amino acids are a series of essential nutrients that embrace essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids. Previous studies have found that amino acids have important physiological effects on fish growth and development, as they are involved in maintaining nitrogen balance and in the formation of enzymes and hormones. Amino acids, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine, that can have a significant effect on fish umami taste are called flavorous amino acids. Nevertheless, the studies on the genetic mechanisms of amino acid metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are still limited.Results: The purpose of this study was to examine the divergent patterns at the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic levels in fish with different amino acid contents. Genome-wide association analysis using 195 individuals of common carp was conducted, and 62 genes were identified to be associated with glycine, proline, and tyrosine content. RNA-Seq of samples with extreme contents of essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids was applied using brain, liver and muscle tissues, resulting in 1,643 differentially expressed genes. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified 3,108 genes with differentially methylated promoters. Through the enrichment analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation results, we screened out a series of enriched pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, including various categories of pathways spanning growth regulation, lipid metabolism, the citrate cycle and other signaling pathways. Integrated studies demonstrated prominent correlations between DGE and DMP for amino acid contents trait in brain and muscle tissues.Conclusions: In summary, the multi-omics data revealed candidate genes and pathways correlated with amino acid metabolism. These results will promote the process of the genomic selection and breeding strategy in muscular amino acid contents of fish.
Gaps in patient-physician communication at the time of malignant bowel obstruction from recurrent gynecologic cancer: a qualitative study.
Authors: Hoppenot Claire , Hlubocky Fay J , Chor Julie , Yamada S. Diane , Lee Nita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose We sought to investigate the patient and physician approaches to malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) due to recurrent gynecologic cancer by 1) comparing patient and physician expectations and priorities during a new MBO diagnosis, and 2) highlighting factors that facilitate patient-doctor communication.Methods Patients were interviewed about their experience during an admission for MBO, and physicians were interviewed about their general approach towards MBO. Interviews were analyzed for themes using QDAMiner qualitative analysis software. The analysis utilized the framework analysis and used both predetermined themes and those that emerged from the data.Results We interviewed 14 patients admitted with MBO from recurrent gynecologic cancer and 15 gynecologic oncologists. We found differences between patients and physicians regarding plans for next chemotherapy treatments, foremost priorities, communication styles, and end-of-life discussions. Both patients and physicians felt that the patient-physician communication was improved in situations of trust, understanding patient preferences, corroboration of information, and increased time spent with patients during and before the MBO.Conclusion Gaps in patient-physician communication could be targeted to improve the patient experience and physician counseling during a difficulty diagnosis by focusing on education, symptoms, home support, nutrition, and end-of-life care.
Interaction with Endogenous Microorganisms, Comamonas testosteroni Enhanced the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil
Authors: Sun Xueting , Li Xin , Cui Yue , Jiang Ziwei , Wang Qiao , Lu Qian , Cui Jizhe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was to explore the functional role of Comamonas testosteroni (Ct) on soil indigenous microorganisms, and analyze the effect of Ct on PAHs degradation in PAH-contaminated soil. Results showed that inoculation of Ct could degrade naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), and benzo [α] pyrene (BaP) significantly. The degradation rate of Nap, Phe and BaP was 81.18%, 63.38% and 37.98% on day 25, respectively, suggesting that the low molecular weight of Nap and Phe were easier to be degraded by microorganisms than BaP. Network analysis showed that inoculation of Ct significantly increased the bacteria closely related to PAHs. Structural equation models confirmed Steroidobacter as functional bacteria could affect the degradation of Nap and BaP. Inoculated Ct could effectively enhance the synergy among indigenous bacteria to degrade PAHs. This would be helpful to understand the function of inoculated strains in PAH-contaminated soil and identify functional microorganisms of PAHs remediation.
Identification of compounds adsorbed and deposited on the Ni-Mo catalysts surface of alumina and SBA-15 by DRIFTS, Raman and TPO Analyses before and after Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation.
Authors: Lima Rubens W.S. , Hewer Thiago L.R. , Alves Rita M.B. , Schmal Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We studied and identified compounds adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface of the Ni-Mo supported on alumina and SBA-15, before and after hydrodeoxigenation of a bio-oil model (guaiacol). Marked differences were observed on both catalysts through DRIFTS and Raman spectroscopy showing that the alumina-supported catalyst contains deposits of aromatic and oxygenated organic substances, while the carbon deposits on the SBA-15 as aliphatic simple molecules. TPO analyses confirm that the carbon deposited on the NiMo/SBA-15 catalyst were light polymer types, mainly nanotubes and nano fibers, while on the alumina catalyst the mainly carbon species formed were graphite type and heavier carbons. Post reaction analysis of the catalysts showed coke formation and carbon deposition rate of 1.14 mgcoke.gcat−1 h− 1 for NiMo/SBA-15 and the deactivation was 44 % higher for the NiMo/Al2O3 with 1.65 mgcoke.gcat−1 h− 1of carbon deposition rate.
Effects of copper ions and copper nanomaterials on the output of amino acids from marine algae
Authors: Huang Wenqiu , Zhou Yuping , Zhao Ting , Tan Liju , Wang Jiangtao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of different copper’s forms, metal salt (Cu2+), nano-metal (nano-Cu) and nano-metal oxide (nano-CuO), were tested on two marine algae named Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium. During a 96-hour exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and salt, cell number, Cu2+ concentration in the culture medium, morphology and intracellular amino acids was measured to assess the toxicity of those copper materials and the toxicity mechanism of NPs. It was found that the toxicity of Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO on marine phytoplankton decreased in order. The EC50 values of Cu2+ and nano-Cu for S. costatum and N. closterium ranged from 0.356 to 0.991 mg/L and 0.663 to 2.455 mg/L, respectively. Nano-Cu inhibited the growth of marine phytoplankton mainly by releasing Cu2+, however, nano-CuO mainly produced toxic effects on microalgae through the effect of NPs. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by microalgae could be another possible reason for nano-Cu and nano-CuO to impose implications for microalgae. S. costatum was more sensitive to copper than N. closterium. Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO all reduced the total output of algae-derived amino acids by affecting the growth of phytoplankton and per-cell amino acids. This manuscript is of important implications to fill the data gaps for nano-Cu and nano-CuO risk assessment on marine algae.
Double-crossed knotless suture anchor repair of quadriceps rupture
Authors: Ali Waqas , Iqbal Javaid , Leonard Liam , O'Grady Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quadriceps tendon rupture is an uncommon injury but may result in long term disability if not adequately repaired. Many techniques are described for repair of acute quadriceps tendon rupture, including tendon-to-tendon repair, trans-osseous tunnels, synthetic augmentation, tendon plasty and the use of suture anchors. There is no single accepted surgical treatment. This study's objective was to assess the efficacy of a double-crossed suture anchor repair in the management of quadriceps tendon rupture. Materials and methods: 85 patient attended our institute for surgical management of quadriceps tendon rupture over eight years (2012-2019). Seven patients were treated with the use of a double-crossed suture anchor fixation. These patients were allowed to weight bear in a hinged knee brace for six weeks following surgery. Six out of seven patients had one or more predisposing co-morbidities, including obesity, diabetes, renal failure, quinolone and steroid use. Results: Clinical and functional outcome were recorded during follow up visits prospectively for a mean of one year (10-14 months). The mean knee flexion was 124 degree (120 -130). All patients were able to return to activities of daily living (ADL) with a mean of 2 months (1.5-3 months) and return to work at a mean of 6 months (4-8 months). The mean Tegner, Cincinnati and Lysholm score at the latest follow up were 2.8 (0-5), 79.2 (60-88) and 90 (70-100), respectively. There were no early complications. There was no re-tear reported at the latest follow up. Conclusion : The double-crossed suture anchor fixation is a safe and effective treatment option in managing quadriceps tendon ruptures.