bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying an auction optimization algorithm to mobile edge computing for security
Authors: Wang Yi , Tang Tao , Jiang Fang , Xu Yaohua , Li Liping , Huang Rong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe great demand for mobile blockchain computing power is often unsatisfied by terminal devices, so computational tasks are offloaded to edge computing servers. This paper proposes a new mobile communication blockchain assumption, forms a computing power alliance (CPA), and builds a smart contract‐based security model. First, mining difficulty compensates for the personal computing power outside the CPA to increase the block generation difficulty. Second, contract account funds are used to increase the cost of malicious nodes seeking to launch forking attacks, and the duration is used to limit mining. Finally, a court trial is opened to select validators to verify the fork. The auction algorithm is used to allocate computing power in the CPA, and a price utility function is constructed to maximize social welfare. The joint optimization algorithm increases the transaction price and improves the system security. Simulation results verify that the system security increases with the blocked funds and duration, and the forking attack success rate approaches zero as the number of validators increases. The proposed algorithm provides considerable sum utility and average revenue gains versus traditional methods under different numbers of mobile users and computational capabilities, and the security of the algorithm is also higher.
CLASH-VLT: Abell S1063
Authors: Mercurio A. , Rosati P. , Biviano A. , Annunziatella M. , Girardi M. , Sartoris B. , Nonino M. , Brescia M. , Riccio G. , Grillo C. , Balestra I. , Caminha G. B. , De Lucia G. , Gobat R. , Seitz S. , Tozzi P. , Scodeggio M. , Vanzella E. , Angora G. , Bergamini P. , Borgani S. , Demarco R. , Meneghetti M. , Strazzullo V. , Tortorelli L. , Umetsu K. , Fritz A. , Gruen D. , Kelson D. , Lombardi M. , Maier C. , Postman M. , Rodighiero G. , Ziegler B. 
Published: November 2021

Context. The processes responsible for galaxy evolution in different environments as a function of galaxy mass remain heavily debated. Rich galaxy clusters are ideal laboratories in which to distinguish the role of environmental versus mass quenching because they consist of a full range of galaxies and environments.
Aims. Using the CLASH-VLT survey, we assembled an unprecedentedly large sample of 1234 spectroscopically confirmed members in Abell S1063. We found a dynamically complex structure at ⟨zcl⟩ = 0.3457 with a velocity dispersion σv = 1380−32+26 km s−1. We investigated cluster environmental and dynamical effects by analysing the projected phase-space diagram and the orbits as a function of galaxy spectral properties.
Methods. We classified cluster galaxies according to the presence and strength of the [OII] emission line, the strength of the Hδ absorption line, and colours. We investigated the relation between the spectral classes of galaxies and their position in the projected phase-space diagram. We separately analysed red and blue galaxy orbits. By correlating the observed positions and velocities with the projected phase-space constructed from simulations, we constrained the accretion redshift of galaxies with different spectral types.
Results. Passive galaxies are mainly located in the virialised region, while emission-line galaxies lie beyond r200 and are accreted into the cluster at a later time. Emission-line and post-starburst galaxies show an asymmetric distribution in projected phase-space within r200; emission-line galaxies are prominent at Δv/σ ≲ −1.5 and post-starburst galaxies at Δv/σ ≳ 1.5, suggesting that backsplash galaxies lie at high positive velocities. We find that low-mass passive galaxies are accreted into the cluster before high-mass galaxies. This suggests that we observe as passives only the low-mass galaxies that are accreted early into the cluster as blue galaxies. They had the time to quench their star formation. We also find that red galaxies move on more radial orbits than blue galaxies. This can be explained if infalling galaxies can remain blue by moving on tangential orbits.
Academic stress and burnout among primary school trainee teachers in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region
Authors: Bouhaba Abdelmounaim , El Madhi Youssef , Darif Hajar , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , Belfaquir Mustapha 
Published: November 2021

During the training phase, the trainee teacher seems to be more and more confronted with discomfort and stress, due to the accumulation of demands and obligations. Many of them are mostly unable to take it any longer, which makes them vulnerable to the burnout risk.
This research aims to study the academic burnout of trainee teachers at the “Centre Régional des Métiers de l’Education et de la Formation “(CRMEF) of the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region during 2019/2020.
Four hundred and fifty trainee teachers responded to a self-questionnaire comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) scale in its French version, as well as certain stress factors.
In agreement with the literature, more than 60% of teachers show moderate and high levels of academic exhaustion, the main likely stressors presented are financial instability, and training overload.
Many trainee teachers cannot cope with the burnout syndrome, which conducts to stress and absenteeism during the training, we hope that this study will lead to some practical solutions to prevent and reduce the risk of academic burnout.
Determinant of Prenatal Diagnostic Testing among Women with Increased Risk of Fetal Aneuploidy and Genetic Disorders
Authors: Morgan Tamandra , Tan Catherine D. , Della-Torre Micaela , Jackson-Bey Tia , DiGiovanni Laura , Enakpene Christopher A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess factors that influence patients' decisions in accepting prenatal diagnostic testing following genetic counseling for increased risk of fetal aneuploidy.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of women at increased risk of fetal aneuploidy and genetic disorders who had genetic counseling from January 2012 to December 2016 at a single academic center. Demographics, indications for genetic counseling, and rates of diagnostic testing were collected and compared between those who accepted diagnostic testing and those who chose cell free DNA. The variables were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression.
Result Of the 2,373 pregnant women who underwent genetic counseling for increased risk of fetal aneuploidy and genetic disorders during the study period, 321 women had diagnostic testing (13.5%). Women at 35 years and older accepted diagnostic testing more than women younger than 35 years (20.7 vs. 11.5%, p < 0.001). Asian women accepted diagnostic testing at 27.7% more than white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women at 18.0, 12.1, and 11.7%, respectively, p = 0.002. Number of indications for genetic counseling influenced the likelihood of accepting diagnostic testing. Women with one indication had 11.5% acceptance of diagnostic testing, and with two and three indications, it was 17.0 and 29.2%, respectively. The commonest indication for diagnostic testing was cystic hygroma (risk ratio [RR] = 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.12–8.76 p < 0.001). The relative risk of diagnostic testing for fetuses with shortened long bones, femur and humerus, thickened nuchal fold, echogenic bowel, single umbilical artery, and increased nuchal translucency were 4.0, 3.3, 3.1, 2.7, and 2.7, respectively. Abnormal serum analyte alone was associated with less acceptance of diagnostic testing (RR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.96, p = 0.017).
Conclusion Age, race, ethnicity, and cumulative number of indications for genetic counseling influenced acceptance of diagnostic testing in at-risk women of fetal aneuploidy and genetic disorders.
Key Points
The Trend of Urinary N Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants during the Neonatal Period
Authors: Khan Safdar S. , Bada Henrietta S. , Torres Maritza , Almodovar Melvin , Hanna Mina 
Published: November 2021

Objective N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker of interest in many cardiopulmonary diseases in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) Infants. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the trend of ELBW infant's urinary NT-proBNP during the neonatal period.
Aim To determine the trend of urinary NT-proBNP during the first 4 weeks of life of an ELBW infant.
Study Design We analyzed prospectively enrolled 87 ELBW infants. Urinary NT-proBNP to creatinine ratios were measured on days 1 to 7, 14, and 28 of life. We plotted each study point's means to determine the trend of urinary NT-proBNP over the entire neonatal period. Data were analyzed using the Friedman analysis of variance for comparative analysis of study points.
Results Urinary NT-proBNP/creatinine ratios were significantly elevated on days 1 to 7 (mean 2,452, ± 1,518) than day 14 (mean 747, ± 176), and day 28 (mean 149, ± 54), p = 0.001. Overall, urinary NT-proBNP levels were highest during days 1 to 3 (mean 3,232, ± 1,255) and lowest on day 28 (mean 149, ± 54).
Conclusion Urinary NT-proBNP levels are higher during the first week in ELBW infants with a downward trend during the neonatal period, the lowest values at 4 weeks postnatal age. More studies are required to determine the clinical utility of this trend during and beyond the neonatal period.
Key Points
Clinical Features of Aberrations Chromosome 22q: A Pilot Study
Authors: Atli Emine Ikbal , Atli Engin , Yalcintepe Sinem , Demir Selma , Mail Cisem , Eker Damla , Ozen Yasemin , Gurkan Hakan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective A significant number of genetic variations have been identified in chromosome 22, using molecular genetic techniques. Various genomic disorders on chromosome 22, including cat's eye syndrome caused by extra copies of the proximal region of the 22q chromosome, are now well-defined. Our aim in the study was to show phenotypic variability associated with rearrangements of the 22q chromosomal region.
Methods We focused our study on clinical aspects of these disorders, including genetic testing, genotype-phenotype correlation, and potential treatments. A total of 998 patients were referred for genetic analysis (Karyotyping, MLPA, array-CGH) during January 2015 to February 2020 because of intellectual deficiency, behavior issues, and/or multiple congenital abnormalities in several genetics departments. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients and/or their parents.
Results 22q11.21 or 22q13.33 microdeletions and 22q11.22-q11.23 microduplication were identified in 31 patients out of referrals. The 22q aberrations were detected in 31/998 patients, giving a prevalence of 3.1%. In this study, 18 patients with 22q11.2 (LCR22A-H) deletion, three patients with 22q13.31 deletion, 9 patients with 22q11.2 duplication and one patient with 22q13.31 duplication were identified. We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of 31 individuals with distal deletions and duplications of chromosome 22q.
Conclusions The current study demonstrated in the largest postnatal case series reporting the whole spectrum of atypical phenotypic and genotypic variations at 22q. We believe that when all the phenotypic differences are taken into account, various anomalies including developmental delay and intellectual disability might be considered as an indication to search for aberrations of 22q along with congenital heart diseases.
Research on the influence of cathode surface topography on spark discharge
Authors: Wang Dangshu , Yi Jiaan , Lou Jianan , Deng Xuan , Liu Shulin , Wang Xinxia , Dong Zhen , Yang Yaqiang 
Published: November 2021

To obtain the relation between spark discharges and the topography of electrode surfaces, some models, such as a micro-initial model of cone and spherical head cylinder, generated from the scanning of a scanning electron microscope are introduced. Based on the principles of energy conservation and thermal equilibrium, the second-order non-homogeneous differential equation is established. The relationships between the temperature of the cathode surface and the distance from the top of micro-protrusions, the cone angle, and the radius of the ball head are derived from a set of second-order non-homogeneous differential equations. When introduced electron emission theory, the main emission type at the initial stage of the discharge is electron field emission. As the discharge progresses, the Joule heat generated by the emission current will cause thermionic emission. During this progress, the emission current density gradually increases. When the temperature of the cathode surface reaches the melting point of the cathode metal, the current density will increase sharply. Observed from the discharge, the temperature of the cathode surface is inversely proportional to the cone angle and the radius of the ball head maintains a gradually decreasing slope. It is proportional to micro-protrusions maintaining a gradually increasing slope. When the cone angle is less than 12° and the radius of the ball head is less than 0.04 µm, the temperature of the cathode surface changes more dramatically. Through this study, a further understanding of factors that affect the density of cathode current emission can be obtained, which is of great significance to improve the capacity of cathode emission.
Preferential and persistent impact of acute HIV-1 infection on CD4+iNKT cells in colonic mucosa
Authors: Paquin-Proulx Dominic , Lal Kerri G. , Phuang-Ngern Yuwadee , Creegan Matthew , Tokarev Andrey , Suhkumvittaya Suchada , Alrubayyi Aljawharah , Kroon Eugène , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Slike Bonnie M. , Bolton Diane L. , Krebs Shelly J. , Eller Leigh Anne , Sajjaweerawan Chayada , Pagliuzza Amélie , Chomont Nicolas , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Chomchey Nitiya , Phanuphak Nittaya , de Souza Mark S. , Michael Nelson L. , Robb Merlin L. , Ananworanich Jintanat , Sandberg Johan K. , Eller Michael A. , Schuetz Alexandra ,   RV217,   RV254/SEARCH010,   RV304/SEARCH013,   Study Groups
Published: November 2021

SignificanceEvidence suggests that HIV-1 disease progression is determined in the early stages of infection. Here, preinfection invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell levels were predictive of the peak viral load during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Furthermore, iNKT cells were preferentially lost in AHI. This was particularly striking in the colonic mucosa, where iNKT cells were depleted more profoundly than conventional CD4+T cells. The initiation of antiretroviral therapy during AHI-prevented iNKT cell dysregulation in peripheral blood but not in the colonic mucosa. Overall, our results support a model in which iNKT cells are early and preferential targets for HIV-1 infection during AHI.
Combining pressure and electrochemistry to synthesize superhydrides
Authors: Guan Pin-Wen , Hemley Russell J. , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceSuperhydrides are a materials system where near–room-temperature superconductivity has been achieved but only at very high (megabar) pressures. This work proposes an approach that combines pressure and electrochemistry to stabilize superhydrides at moderate pressures. Through a computational study of the palladium–hydrogen system, we construct electrochemical phase diagrams and show that electrochemically synthesizing superhydrides may be possible when combined with moderate pressures. We generalize this to other binary metal superhydrides of interest for superconductivity, including La, Y, and Mg hydrides.
Programmable droplet manipulation and wetting with soft magnetic carpets
Authors: Demirörs Ahmet F. , Aykut Sümeyye , Ganzeboom Sophia , Meier Yuki A. , Poloni Erik 
Published: November 2021

Significance
A set of magnetically responsive, soft hairs, which form a soft magnetic carpet, can be infused with a liquid to achieve switchable wetting. Applying a pattern of magnetic field results in a reconfigurable wetting pattern on the soft magnetic carpet. Combining this switchable wetting with a travelling magnetic field wave can allow us to spatially manipulate droplets. The efficiency of the droplet manipulation depends on the size and the contact angle of the droplet, which allows a pathway to sort and separate different droplets. Temporal and spatial control over multiple droplets allows us to conduct droplet reactions, which has a potential to be used for automated analytical testing and screening.
Anáforas reflexivas y doblado de clíticos en lenguas romances
Authors: Verdecchia Matías 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper I analyze the distribution of the reflexive constructionse+a sí mismoin Romance (e.g.,‘Juan se peinó a sí mismo’). I propose that these structures are transitive. Concretely, I argue that in these cases the reflexive anaphor is the internal argument of the predicate, and that the obligatory presence of the cliticseis due to the general phenomenon of clitic doubling with pronominal objects. I show that this approach can account for some asymmetries between these constructions and simplese-reflexives regarding expletive insertion in French, proxy readings, comparative constructions, association with focus, and case distribution in causatives.
Measuring informativity
Authors: Degaetano-Ortlieb Stefania 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
By applying data-driven methods based on information theory, this study adds to previous work on the
development of the scientific register by measuring the informativity of alternative phrasal structures shown to be involved
in change in language use in 20th-century Scientific English. The analysis based on data-driven periodization shows compounds
to be distinctive grammatical structures from the 1920s onwards in Proceedings A of the Royal Society of
London. Compounds not only increase in frequency, but also show higher informativity than their less dense
prepositional counterparts. Results also show that the lower the informativity of particular items, the more alternative, more
informationally dense options might be favoured (e.g., of-phrases vs. compounds) – striving for
communicative efficiency thus being one force shaping the scientific register.
Baby universes and worldline field theories
Authors: Casali Eduardo , Marolf Donald , Maxfield Henry , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The quantum gravity path integral involves a sum over topologies that invites comparisons to worldsheet string theory and to Feynman diagrams of quantum field theory. However, the latter are naturally associated with the non-abelian algebra of quantum fields, while the former has been argued to define an abelian algebra of superselected observables associated with partition-function-like quantities at an asymptotic boundary. We resolve this apparent tension by pointing out a variety of discrete choices that must be made in constructing a Hilbert space from such path integrals, and arguing that the natural choices for quantum gravity differ from those used to construct QFTs. We focus on one-dimensional models of quantum gravity in order to make direct comparisons with worldline QFT. We also restrict attention to models in which worldlines do not split apart or join together.
Sound speed uncertainty in acousto-electric tomography
Authors: Jensen Bjørn Christian Skov , Knudsen Kim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal in acousto-electric tomography is to reconstruct an image of the unknown electric conductivity inside an object from boundary measurements of electrostatic currents and voltages collected while the object is penetrated by propagating ultrasound waves. This problem is a coupled-physics inverse problem. Accurate knowledge of the propagating ultrasound wave is usually assumed and required, but in practice tracking the propagating wave is hard due to inexact knowledge of the interior acoustic properties of the object. In this work, we model uncertainty in the sound speed of the acoustic wave, and formulate a suitable reconstruction method for the interior power density and conductivity. We also establish theoretical error bounds, and show that the suggested approach can be understood as a regularization strategy for the inverse problem. Finally, we numerically simulate the sound speed variations from a numerical breast tissue model, and computationally explore the effect of using an inaccurate sound speed on the error in reconstructions. Our results show that with reasonable uncertainty in the sound speed reliable reconstruction is still possible.
Y2O3:Eu and the Mössbauer isomer shift coefficient of Eu compounds from ab-initio simulations
Authors: Davydov Arkadiy , Sanna Antonio , Concas Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We report on a full potential density functional theory characterization of Y2O3 upon Eu doping on the two inequivalent crystallographic sites 24d and 8b. We analyze local structural relaxation, electronic properties and the relative stability of the two sites. The simulations are used to extract the contact charge density at the Eu nucleus. Then we construct the experimental isomer shift (IS) versus contact charge density calibration curve, by considering an ample set of Eu compounds: EuF3, EuO, EuF2, EuS, EuSe, EuTe, EuPd3 and the Eu metal. The, expected, linear dependence has a slope of α = 0.054 mm s−1 Å−
3, which corresponds to nuclear expansion parameter ΔR/R = 6.0 × 10−5. α allows to obtain an unbiased and accurate estimation of the IS for any Eu compound. We test this approach on two mixed-valence compounds Eu3S4 and Eu2SiN3, and use it to predict the Y2O3:Eu IS with the result +1.04 mm s−1 at the 24d site and +1.00 mm s−1 at the 8b site.
External tuning of topological phase transitions induced by interaction driven mass renormalization
Authors: Jansen Thies , Brinkman Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electron–electron interactions can be useful for realizing new nontrivial topological phases of matter. Here, we show by means of a tight-binding model and mean field theory how electron–electron interactions can lead to a topological phase transition. By externally adding or removing electrons from the system a band inversion between two bands with different parity is induced. This leads to a topological nontrivial phase if spin–orbit coupling is present. Besides the toy-model illustrating this mechanism, we also propose SmB6 as a possible playground for experimentally realizing a topological phase transition by external tuning.
The generation of switchable polarized currents in nodal ring semimetals using high-frequency periodic driving
Authors: Fu Pei-Hao , Lv Qianqian , Yu Xiang-Long , Liu Jun-Feng , Wu Jiansheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A nodal ring semimetal (NRSM) can be driven to a spin-polarized NRSM or a spin-polarized Weyl semimetal (WSM) by a high-frequency electromagnetic field. We investigate the conditions in realizing these phases and propose a switchable spin-polarized currents generator based on periodically driven NRSMs. Both bulk and surface polarized currents are investigated. The polarization of bulk current is sensitive to the amplitude of the driving field and robust against the direction and polarization of the driving, the opaqueness of the lead–device interface and the misalignment between the nodal ring and the interface, which provides sufficient flexibility in manipulating the devices. Similar switchable polarized surface currents are also expected, which is contributed by the Fermi arc surface state associated with the WSM phases. The generation of polarized currents and the polarization switching effect offer opportunities to design periodic driving controlled topological spintronics devices based on NRSMs.