bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 and ABCC4 genes are associated with a protective effect on chronic myeloid leukemia in the Brazilian Amazon population
Authors: Monte Natasha , Pantoja Karla B. C. C. , Rodrigues Juliana C. G. , de Carvalho Darlen C. , Azevedo Tereza C. B. , Pereira Esdras E. B. , de Assumpção Paulo P. , dos Santos Sidney E. B. , Fernandes Marianne R. , dos Santos Ney P. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSusceptibility to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) may be modulated by genetic variables. However, the majority of previous investigations have focused on genetically homogeneous populations, resulting in a lack of evidence on how genetic factors may influence the development of CML in miscegenated populations. We analyzed 30 polymorphisms in genes related to DNA repair, folate metabolism, transmembrane transport, xenobiotic metabolism, and pyrimidine synthesis in relation to their potential role in the susceptibility of the individual to CML.MethodsThis case‐control study included 126 healthy individuals and 143 patients diagnosed with CML from the admixed population of the Brazilian Amazon. The samples were genotyped by real‐time PCR and the genetic ancestry analysis was based on a panel of 61 ancestry informative markers.ResultsThe results indicated a protective effect against the development of CML in carriers of the C allele of the rs28399433 (CYP2A6) gene and the CC genotype of the rs3742106 (ABCC4) gene.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the rs3742106 (ABCC4) and rs28399433 (CYP2A6) polymorphisms may modulate susceptibility to CML in a population of the Brazilian Amazon region.
Mapping prostatic microscopic anisotropy using linear and spherical b‐tensor encoding: A preliminary study
Authors: Nilsson Markus , Eklund Greta , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Skorpil Mikael , Bryskhe Karin , Westin Carl‐Fredrik , Lindh Claes , Blomqvist Lennart , Jäderling Fredrik 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTensor‐valued diffusion encoding provides more specific information than conventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), but has mainly been applied in neuroimaging studies. This study aimed to assess its potential for the imaging of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsSeventeen patients with histologically proven PCa were enrolled. DWI of the prostate was performed with linear and spherical tensor encoding using a maximal b‐value of 1.5 ms/µm2 and a voxel size of 3 × 3 × 4 mm3. The gamma‐distribution model was used to estimate the mean diffusivity (MD), the isotropic kurtosis (MKI), and the anisotropic kurtosis (MKA). Regions of interest were placed in MR‐defined cancerous tissues, as well as in apparently healthy tissues in the peripheral and transitional zones (PZs and TZs).ResultsDWI with linear and spherical encoding yielded different image contrasts at high b‐values, which enabled the estimation of MKA and MKI. Compared with healthy tissue (PZs and TZs combined) the cancers displayed a significantly lower MD (P < .05), higher MKI (P < 10−5), and lower MKA (P < .05). Compared with the TZ, tissue in the PZ showed lower MD (P < 10−3) and higher MKA (P < 10−3). No significant differences were found between cancers of different Gleason scores, possibly because of the limited sample size.ConclusionTensor‐valued diffusion encoding enabled mapping of MKA and MKI in the prostate. The elevated MKI in PCa compared with normal tissues suggests an elevated heterogeneity in the cancers. Increased in‐plane resolution could improve tumor delineation in future studies.
Effects of Chase Boat Use, Electrofishing Duration, and Water Velocity on Sample Efficiency and Size Structure of Blue Catfish
Authors: Moran Zachary S. , Stoeckel Joseph N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chase boats are used to assist in the capture of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus because they often surface relatively far from the electrofishing boat (electrofisher) when incapacitated by low-frequency, pulsed DC. We conducted this study to determine how chase boat use affects size-related and capture efficiency metrics of Blue Catfish, and we concurrently examined possible confounding effects of sample duration and velocity on these metrics. We used DC at 15 pulses/s in 5- or 10-min runs during four trials that were stratified by reservoir zone, season, and macrohabitat over a 2-year period in Pool 10 of the Arkansas River (Lake Dardanelle, Arkansas). We captured 4,330 fish in 96 samples and analyzed the catch data by size-group (all fish; &gt;199, &gt;299, and &gt;509 mm). We compared samples of fish captured by an electrofisher alone with those collected by the electrofisher in combination with a chase boat (chase+). The electrofisher-only protocol captured a greater proportion of fish less than 300 mm compared to the chase+ protocol, but length-frequency distributions of larger-size fish did not differ. Overall catch was greater for the chase+ protocol, with the difference generally increasing by size-group except for the largest fish. Catch efficiency was greater for 5- versus 10-min samples for both protocols, with the relative difference increasing as fish size increased. Calculated values of the proportional size distribution of quality-size fish were sufficiently similar among all combinations of protocol and duration for management purposes. The practical implication is that an electrofisher-only protocol can be used to collect representative samples of Blue Catfish, but the use of a chase boat increases the average catch per boat.
A Phase I Trial of Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and S-1 Combination Therapy (OX-IRIS) as Chemotherapy for Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer (HGCSG 1403)
Authors: Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Nakatsumi Hiroshi , Harada Kazuaki , Muranaka Tetsuhito , Ishiguro Atsushi , Kobayashi Yoshimitsu , Hayashi Hideyuki , Yuki Satoshi , Sawada Kentaro , Yagisawa Masataka , Nakano Shintaro , Sakamoto Naoya , Komatsu Yoshito 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned

Background
OX-IRIS is a new combination therapy of oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and S-1 for unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which may be beneficial because S-1 is administered orally and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is not needed.

Methods
Patients who had not received prior therapy for unresectable PDAC were enrolled. Adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous histology was required. Oxaliplatin and irinotecan were administered on days 1 and 15; S-1 was administered orally twice a day on days 1–14, followed by 14 days of rest (one cycle). Primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary endpoints were safety, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
In level 0 (oxaliplatin, 85 mg/m2; irinotecan, 100 mg/m2; S-1, 80 mg/m2), two of five patients experienced DLT. In level −1 (oxaliplatin, 65 mg/m2; irinotecan, 100 mg/m2; S-1, 80 mg/m2), DLT could not be evaluated in two of eight patients because one cycle was not completed; one of the remaining six patients experienced DLT. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, and peripheral sensory neuropathy were seen frequently in levels 0 and −1. ORR was 30% in levels 0 and −1. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 4.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0–8.9 months) and 13.7 months (95% CI, 4.8–22.6 months), respectively.

Conclusion
MTD of OX-IRIS therapy was estimated to be level 0, and the recommended dose (RD) for future trial was level −1.
Nivolumab monotherapy after induction chemotherapy, bioradiotherapy, and cetuximab monotherapy leading to complete remission of locoregional advanced tongue cancer: A case report
Authors: Yoshioka Yukio , Hamana Tomoaki , Mishima Takefumi , Tani Ryouji , Toratani Shigeaki , Okamoto Tetsuji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, we report on a 66‐year‐old woman with locoregional advanced tongue cancer. She was diagnosed with left side tongue carcinoma and achieved complete remission using nivolumab monotherapy after induction chemotherapy (IC) with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil, followed by intensity‐modulated bioradiotherapy and cetuximab monotherapy. Following bioradiotherapy, she was administered 70 cycles of cetuximab monotherapy. Both IC and bioradiotherapy exerted antitumor effects. However, primary tumor recurrence occurred. She received nivolumab, and the recurrent lesion disappeared after 18 cycles. She has been alive and well for >5 years, showing a successful locoregional control for advanced tongue cancer during this period.
Baseline associations between biomarkers, cognitive function, and self‐regulation indices in the Cognitive and Self‐regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study
Authors: Hawkins Misty A.W. , Keirns Natalie G. , Baraldi Amanda N. , Layman Harley M. , Stout Madison E. , Smith Caitlin E. , Gunstad John , Hildebrand Deana A. , Vohs Kathleen D. , Lovallo William R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding how biological, cognitive, and self‐regulatory factors are related to obesity, and weight regulation is clearly needed to optimize obesity prevention and treatment. The objective of this investigation was to understand how baseline biological, cognitive, and self‐regulatory factors are related to adiposity at the initiation of a behavioral weight loss intervention among treatment‐seeking adults with overweight/obesity.MethodsParticipants (N = 107) in the Cognitive and Self‐regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study (Identifier‐NCT02786238) completed a baseline assessment with anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, cognitive function, and self‐regulation measures as part of a larger on‐going trial. Data were analyzed with linear regression.ResultsAt baseline, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference (WC) were positively associated with fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Higher WC was related to higher fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Higher glucose and insulin resistance levels were related to lower list sorting working memory. Higher glucose and HbA1c levels were negatively associated with reading scores. Cognitive function and self‐regulation indices were unrelated.ConclusionsIn adults with overweight/obesity entering a weight loss treatment study: (1) elevated WC and associated glycemic impairment were negatively associated with cognition, (2) poorer executive function and reading abilities were associated with poorer glycemic control, and (3) objectively measured cognitive functions were unrelated to self‐reported/behavioral measures of self‐regulation. Such findings increase understanding of the relationships between adiposity, biomarkers, cognition, and self‐regulation at treatment initiation and may ultimately inform barriers to successful obesity treatment response.
Prenatal histological, cellular, and molecular anomalies in trisomy 21 lung
Authors: Danopoulos Soula , Bhattacharya Soumyaroop , Deutsch Gail , Nih Lina R , Slaunwhite Chris , Mariani Thomas J , Al Alam Denise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDown syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21 (T21), is the most common human chromosomal anomaly. Although DS can affect many organ systems, lung and heart disease are the leading causes of death. An abundance of existing data suggests that lung abnormalities originate postnatally in DS. However, a single report of branching insufficiency in DS has inferred a potential prenatal origin. The histology of T21 fetal lungs (n = 15) was assessed by an experienced pathologist. Spatial differences in cellular phenotypes were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Comprehensive gene expression in prenatal T21 lungs (n = 19), and age‐matched controls (n = 19), was performed using high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and validated by RT‐qPCR. Histopathological abnormalities were observed in approximately half of T21 prenatal lung samples analyzed, which included dilated terminal airways/acinar tubules, dilated lymphatics, and arterial wall thickening. IHC for Ki67 revealed significant reductions in epithelial and mesenchymal cell proliferation, predominantly in tissues displaying pathology. IHC demonstrated that airway smooth muscle was reduced and discontinuous in the proximal airway in conjunction with reduced SOX2. RNAseq identified 118 genes significantly dysregulated (FDR < 0.05) in T21 lung when unadjusted and 316 genes when adjusted for age. Ontology analysis showed that IFN pathway genes were appreciably upregulated, whereas complement and coagulation cascades and extracellular matrix pathway genes were downregulated. RT‐qPCR confirmed the changes in genes associated with these pathways in prenatal T21 lungs. Our data demonstrate that specific histological, cellular, and molecular abnormalities occur prenatally in different compartments of human T21 lung, which could be representative of premature stage progression. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer reinforced polypropylene composites enhanced with carbon nanotubes for use in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Han Jier Y. , Chen Tianran , Mu Qingmin , Baird Donald G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research was to enhance the mechanical properties of wholly thermoplastic composites (WTCs) used in fused filament fabrication (FFF). Multiscale thermoplastic composites, which were based on the use of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were prepared by a method combining supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)‐aided exfoliation and dual‐extrusion technologies. Significant enhancement of tensile properties was observed by using 1 wt% exfoliated CNTs to reinforce WTCs consisting of PP with and without maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP, 16 wt%). With 1 wt% CNTs and 16 wt% MAPP dual reinforcement, 20 wt% TLCP reinforced WTCs based on PP exhibited 265%, 274%, and 182% improvement in the tensile modulus of the filaments, laid up specimens in the concentric pattern, and laid up specimens in ±45° rectilinear pattern, respectively. For tensile strength, 1 wt% CNTs reinforcement combined with 16 wt% MAPP improved the 20 wt% TLCP reinforced WTC filaments, laid down parts in the concentric pattern, and ±45° rectilinear patterns by 73%, 53%, and 65%, respectively. The tensile modulus and strength of multiscale WTC based on MAPP/PP specimens laid down with a concentric pattern are higher than those reported for PP/40 wt% short carbon fiber and PP/48.5 wt% short glass fiber laid down specimens. The advanced tensile modulus properties of 1 wt% CNTs reinforced WTCs are competitive with 9 wt% continuous carbon fiber reinforced nylon composite materials in FFF. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed extremely strong interfacial adhesion between the TLCP fibrils and the matrix in multiscale WTC filaments and laid down parts, compared to the WTCs with no CNTs reinforcement. The advanced interfacial adhesion between TLCP fibrils and matrix resulted in an enhancement in the tensile strength. The exfoliated CNTs were premixed with the matrix, but they were trapped at and aligned with TLCP fibrils, which may be the primary reason for tensile modulus enhancement.
Preference for secondary findings in prenatal and pediatric exome sequencing
Authors: Swanson Kate , Sparks Teresa N. , Lianoglou Billie R. , Chen Flavia , Downum Sarah , Patel Sachi , Rego Shannon , Yip Tiffany , Van Ziffle Jessica , Koenig Barbara A. , Slavotinek Anne M. , Norton Mary E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine the frequency of accepting secondary findings in families undergoing exome sequencing in prenatal and pediatric settings.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of prospectively enrolled patients undergoing trio exome sequencing for congenital anomalies or developmental disorders in prenatal and pediatric settings, in which families were offered receiving secondary findings (initially assessed in the proband and, if identified, then in the parents). The primary outcome was frequency of accepting secondary findings. Secondary outcomes included frequency of acceptance in prenatal versus pediatric settings, and sociodemographic differences between those who accepted versus declined secondary findings.ResultsThere were 682 families included in the cohort (289 prenatal and 393 pediatric). Overall, 84% (576/682) of families accepted secondary findings: 86.2% (249/289) of families undergoing prenatal versus 83.2% (327/393) pediatric (p = 0.30) testing. Secondary findings were identified in 2.6% (15/576) of cases, with no difference between prenatal and pediatric settings. There were no differences in sociodemographics between families that accepted versus declined secondary findings.ConclusionThe majority of families undergoing exome sequencing accepted secondary findings; this did not differ in prenatal versus pediatric settings. This highlights the need for guidance surrounding the offer of secondary findings in the prenatal setting.
Enhanced adhesion and electrochemical performance of Si anodes with gum arabic grafted poly(acrylic acid) as a water‐soluble binder
Authors: He Jiarong , Zhang Lingzhi , Zhong Haoxiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGum arabic grafted poly(acrylic acid) (GA‐g‐PAA) is synthesized as a mechanically robust water‐soluble binder for silicon (Si) anodes in lithium‐ion batteries by graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto GA backbone via a free radical reaction. 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis are systematically conducted to confirm the grafting polymerization process. GA‐g‐PAA with different grafting length of PAA shows enhanced adhesion strength and excellent flexibility after grafting. Optimal Si‐GA‐g‐8PAA electrode displays better cyclic stability, higher Coulombic efficiency and superior rate properties compared with a Si electrode with linear PAA binder. The Si‐GA‐g‐8PAA electrode exhibits a high electrical conductivity, low interfacial/charge transfer resistance and high lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient. GA‐g‐8PAA binder with grafted structure not only can maintain the mechanical and electrical integrity of the electrode, facilitating favorable electrochemical kinetics, but also assists in preserving a stable solid electrolyte interphase on Si surface upon long‐term cycling. Such a facile strategy for designing a novel grafted binder shows potential for practical application on high‐capacity anode materials with large volume change. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
SWATH‐MS and MRM: Quantification of Ras‐related proteins in HIV‐1 infected and methamphetamine‐exposed human monocyte‐derived macrophages (hMDM)
Authors: Macur Katarzyna , Zieschang Sarah , Lei Shulei , Morsey Brenda , Jaquet Spencer , Belshan Michael , Fox Howard S. , Ciborowski Pawel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHIV‐1 infection of macrophages is a multistep and multifactorial process that has been shown to be enhanced by exposure to methamphetamine (Meth). In this study, we sought to identify the underlying mechanisms of this effect by quantifying the effect of Meth on the proteome of HIV‐1‐infected macrophages using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH‐MS) approach. The analyses identified several members of the Rab family of proteins as being dysregulated by Meth treatment, which was confirmed by bioinformatic analyses that indicated substantial alteration of vesicular transport pathways. Validation of the SWATH‐MS was performed using an MRM based approach, which confirmed that Meth exposure affects expression of the Rab proteins. However, the pattern of expression changes were highly dynamic, and displayed high donor‐to‐donor variability. Surprisingly a similar phenomenon was observed for Actin. Our results demonstrate that Meth affects vesicular transport pathways, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism underlying its effect on HIV infection hMDM and a potential broader effect of Meth on cellular homeostasis.
Systematic analysis of the ubiquitome in mouse testis
Authors: Guo Yueshuai , Zhang Haotian , Yao Liping , Li Yan , Situ Chenghao , Sha Jiahao , Chen Daozhen , Guo Xuejiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA growing body of evidence now supports the fact that protein ubiquitination is an important modification during the regulation of spermatogenesis. However, little is known about the ubiquitome of the testis. In this study, we created a large‐scale mouse testis ubiquitome profile using di‐glycine remnant antibodies and mass spectrometry and identified a total of 14,219 ubiquitination sites in 4217 proteins. Bioinformatics and phenotypic analyses showed that the ubiquitinated proteins were closely related to meiosis and spermiogenesis. And 512 ubiquitination regulatory enzymes were identified in testis that can exert regulatory functions over ubiquitination: the homologous to E6AP C‐terminus (HECT) and multi‐subunit RING‐finger type E3 ligases were significantly enriched. In addition, we identified 22 new ubiquitination sites on testicular histones and 146 ubiquitinated epigenetic factors, thus demonstrating that ubiquitination plays an important role in epigenetic regulation. Collectively, this in‐depth characterization of the ubiquitome in mouse testis could provide a rich resource for further studies of regulatory events at the protein level during spermatogenesis. All MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD025866.
Presence of biopsy Gleason pattern 5 + 3 is associated with higher mortality after radical prostatectomy but not after external beam radiotherapy compared to other Gleason Grade Group IV patterns+
Authors: Würnschimmel Christoph , Wenzel Mike , Chierigo Francesco , Flammia Rocco S. , Mori Keiichiro , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Suardi Nazareno , Terrone Carlo , Gallucci Michele , Chun Felix K. H. , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that Gleason Grade Group (GGG) IV patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) exhibit different cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) rates according to underlying Gleason patterns (GP): 4 + 4 versus 3 + 5 versus 5 + 3.Materials and MethodsWe identified all GGG IV patients treated with either RP or EBRT within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 2004–2016 database. The effect of biopsy GP on CSM (3 + 5 vs. 4 + 4 vs. 5 + 3) was tested in Kaplan–Meier and multivariable competing risks regression models (adjusted for PSA, age at diagnosis, cT‐, and cN‐stage).ResultsOf 26,458 GGG IV patients, 14,203 (53.7%) were treated with EBRT and 12,255 (46.3%) with RP. Of RP patients, 15.3 versus 81.2 versus 3.4% exhibited biopsy GP 3 + 5 versus 4 + 4 versus 5 + 3 and respective 10‐year CSM rates were 6.5 versus 6.2 versus 12.6% (p < .001). In multivariable analyses addressing RP patients, GP 5 + 3 was associated with two‐fold higher CSM rate than GP 4 + 4 (p < .001), but not GP 3 + 5 (p = .1). Of EBRT patients, 7.6 versus 89.8 versus 2.6% exhibited biopsy GP 3 + 5 versus 4 + 4 versus 5 + 3 and respective 10‐year CSM rates were 12.2 versus 13.8 versus 17.8% (p < .001). In multivariable analyses addressing EBRT patients, no CSM differences according to GP were observed (all p ≥ .4).ConclusionIn GGG IV RP candidates, the presence of biopsy GP 5 + 3 purports a significantly higher CSM than in GP 4 + 4 or 3 + 5. In GGG IV EBRT candidates, no significant CSM differences according to GP were recorded.