bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of in vivo protective effect of orally administered vitamin E and selenium against gentamicininduced renal and hepatic toxicity
Authors: Al-Doaiss Amin A. , Jarrar Yazun B. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) combination against gentamycin (GM)-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats.
Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were administrated GM at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day, with or without Se (1.5 mg/kg/day), and/or Vit E (250 mg/kg/day) for a period of 4 weeks. Serum samples from each rat were subjected to biochemical analysis for kidney and liver functions, while kidney and liver biopsies were also investigated by histological examination.
Results: GM significantly increased serum creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and free radicals (p < 0.05). Moreover, GM induced significant histological and ultrastructural alterations in the renal and hepatic tissues of the rats. Exposure to a combination of Vit E and Se did not attenuate the GM-induced toxicity in renal and hepatic tissues.
Conclusion: These results suggest that Vit E and Se combination have no significant protective role against GM-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.
Trichlorophenyl-benzoxime induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells via activation of mitochondria dependent pathway
Authors: Xiao Zhongfu , Zhang Ke , Huang Yun , Zhou Yufan , Hu Kuan 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To determine the apoptotic effect of trichlorophenyl-benzoxime (TCPB) on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and to elucidate the mechanism of action.
Methods: Colon carcinoma cell lines (DLD-1 and HT-29) were used in this study. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin at 37 ˚C in an atmosphere of 5 % CO2 and 95 % air. When the cells attained 60 - 70 % confluency, they were treated with serum-free medium and graded concentrations of TCPB (1.0 – 6.0 μM) for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometric assays, respectively. Western blotting and 2', 7' dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH DA) assays were used for the determination of expression levels of apoptotic proteins, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively.
Results: Treatment of DLD-1 and HT-29 cells with TCPB led to significant and dose-dependent reductions in their viability, as well as significant and dose-dependent increases in the number of apoptotic cells (p < 0.05). Treatment of HT-29 cells with TCPB led to significant increases in the population of cells in the G0/G1 phase, but significant reduction of cell proportion in S and G2/M phases (p < 0.05). It also significantly and dose-dependently upregulated the expressions of caspase-3 and bax, down-regulation of the expression of bcl-2 (p < 0.05). TCPB treatment upregulated the expressions of p53, cytochrome c (cyt c), procaspase-3, and procaspase-9, but down-regulated the expression of pAkt dose-dependently (p < 0.05). The expression of Akt in HT-29 cells was not significantly affected by TCPB (p > 0.05). However, TCPB significantly enhanced the cleavage of PARP1, and significantly and dose-dependently increased the levels of ROS in HT-29 cells (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that TCPB exerts apoptotic effect on CRC cells via activation of mitochondria-dependent pathway, and thus can be suitably developed for the management of colon cancer.
Ethno-pharmacological review on the wild edible medicinal plant, Lilium martagon L
Authors: Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Luferov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Krasnyuk (Jnr) Ivan Ivanovich , Bessonov Vladimir Vladimirovich 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Martagon lily (Lilium martagon L.) is used in Eastern traditional medicine for wound healing and treatment of toothache. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the chemical, botanical, ethnological, pharmacological, and pharmacognostic aspects of L. martagon, with a view to facilitating further in-depth pharmaceutical studies on the potentials of the plant as a herbal remedy.
Methods: Diverse electronic search engines and specialized reference tools such as Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, scientific literature, publishing sites and electronic databases (Pubmed, Springer, Wiley and Science Direct) were used for data retrieval. The data focused on botany, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemistry of L. martagon, with emphasis on integration of this plant in official medicare.
Results: Lilium martagon possesses anti-inflammatory, sedative, anticancer, analgesic and hemostatic properties. Some modern techniques (in vitro propagation, genetic manipulation and advanced molecular biology techniques) have been applied in L. martagon biotechnology, with respect to major plant diseases and genetic variation issues.
Conclusion: Lilium martagon L contains different groups of biologically-active substances, amongst which are pyrroline derivatives and steroidal saponins. These may justify the usage of this plant and its subspecies in the traditional treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases.
Number of macrophages and transforming growth factor β expression in Citrus limon L. Tlekung peel oil-treated traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Hadi Priyo , Hendarti Hening Tuti , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Radithia Desiana , Mardiyana Shiffin Devi , Syarifah Indi Mazaya 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To analyse the potential use of Citrus limon L. Tlekung peel oil in the treatment of traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats based on number of macrophages and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression.
Method: Standard steam distillation was performed to produce Citrus limon L. peel oil with its components subsequently analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) via administration of a single 50 mg/kg dose. A traumatic ulcer was subsequently induced with a 5 mm burnisher heated for 30 s and applied without pressure for 1 s to the lower labial mucosa of the animals. Citrus limon L. oil gel containing 3% carboxyl methyl cellulose sodium was then topically administered to the traumatic ulcer for a period of three or five days. TGF-β expression was analysed through immunohistochemical staining and the macrophage number calculated with haematoxylin-eosin stain.
Results: The major identified compounds in Citrus limon L. peel oil include fumaric (31.78 %), dlimonene (17.38 %), z-citral (13.55 %), L-linalool (8.51 %), geraniol nerol (3.56 %), geraniol (2.94 %,), αterpineol (1.25 %) and γ-terpinene (1.03 %) together with other minor constituents. Treatment of traumatic ulcers with Citrus limon L peel oil produced higher number of macrophages and TGF-β expression (p = 0.000). Treatment over a period of five days also indicated higher expression of TGF-β and number of macrophages compared to that lasting three days with Citrus limon L peel oil (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: Citrus limon L peel oil stimulates TGF-β expression and an increase of macrophage numbers in diabetic subjects during traumatic ulcer healing after three and seven days. Clinical application of Citrus limon L peel oil constitutes a potential therapy in the treatment of traumatic ulcers in diabetic subjects.
Renal transplantation and quality of life in Tanzania
Authors: Kisanga Onesmo A. , Furia Francis F. , Ruggajo Paschal J. , Maro Eden E. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Renal replacement therapy (RRT), which includes dialysis and kidney transplantation, is the treatment of choice for patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Most sub-Saharan African countries have not developed renal transplantation services and are relying on referring patients to overseas countries. This study was carried out to describe renal transplantation experience in Tanzania.Methods: Forty-four renal transplant recipients were recruited in this study. Standardized questionnaire and Swahili version of standard form – 36 (SF-36) were used to collect socio-demographic information, clinical data, laboratory test results and health related quality of life information.Results: Ages of transplant recipient ranged from 21 to 66 years with mean age of 45.9 ± 10.5 years. The leading causes of end stage renal failure among participants was hypertension 58.8% (25/44) followed by glomerulonephritis 15.9% (7/44). Twentyeight (63.6%) of transplantations were paid by the government. Most of the donors (97.7%) were living out of which 26 (59.1%) were siblings and 11 (25%) were second-degree relatives (cousins and nephews). Most common complication noted following transplantation was diabetes mellitus 9 (20.5%) and 3 (6.8%) had chronic rejection. Mental health was the domain with highest mean score (75.6 ± 14.3) and role physical had the least mean score (44 ± 45.6).Conclusions: Hypertension was the leading cause of ESRF in this study. Most of the donors were siblings and the costs of transplantation were largely covered by the government. There is a need for concerted effort to establish local kidney transplantation services in Tanzania.
Keywords: Renal transplantation, quality of life in transplantation, Tanzania.
Comparison of chest radiographic findings among HIV positive and negative adults with smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Dar-es-salaam
Authors: Baraka Balowa M. , Jacob Mboka , Kazema Ramadhani , Nagu Tumaini , Suluba Emmanuel , Mwanga Ally , Mliwa Richard T. , Nkrumbih Zuhura , Fundikira Lulu 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chest X-ray radiography is a widely available and cheap imaging modality used for identification of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in suspected patients. Knowledge of discriminatory features of PTB among HIV infected patient is of utmost importance to improve tuberculosis case detection and consequently reduce morbidity and mortality associated with TB among HIV infected individuals. We aimed to describe chest radiographic findings among PTB patients and their association with HIV co-infection and CD4 levels among HIV positive patients.Methodology: A total of 170 newly diagnosed consented smear positive PTB patients underwent postero-anterior Chest radiographs (PA - CXR) and HIV testing. Determination of CD4 count was performed among HIV positive patients. The radiographs were interpreted using glossary of terms for thoracic radiology by two independent radiologists who were blinded to HIV diagnosis.Results: Study participants included 100 (58.9%) males and 70 (41.1%) females. Among these 54 (31.8%) had HIV/PTB co-infection. The pattern of radiographic findings among patients with PTB/HIV compared to PTB only were: pulmonary cavities 44.4% vs 61.2%, (p=0.04), alveolar consolidation 64.9% vs 81.7%, (p=0.04), upper zone consolidation 40.7% vs 57.8%, (p=0.039), middle zone consolidation 25.9% vs 44.8%, (p=0.019) and typical PTB 40.7% vs 57.8%, (p=0.039), respectively. Therefore, lesions were less likely to be observed among PTB/HIV compared to PTB only and the differences were statistically significant. When compared to PTB patients only HIV/PTB co-infected patients had more nodules on the left lung field 85.2% vs 60.9% (p=0.023); on each left lung zone upper 59.3% vs 34.4% (p=0.028); mid 77.8% vs 54.7% (p-value=0.039); lower 66.7% vs 34.4% (p=0.005) and miliary nodules 44.4% vs 15.6% (p=0.003), respectively. HIV/PTB co-infected patients with CD4 > 200 cells/μL had more mid zone consolidation (42.9% vs 15.2%, p=0.024).Conclusion: The commonest chest radiographic findings in HIV/PTB co-infected patients were pulmonary cavities and alveolar consolidation are associated with HIV negative status. HIV/PTB co-infected patients with severe immunosuppression had mid zone consolidation. Patients with severe immunosuppression showed less chest radiographic findings. HIV/PTB co-infection was highly associated with mid and lower zone pulmonary nodules and miliary nodules.
Key words: PTB, HIV, CXR
What is known about Prostate Cancer? Response from Men Aged 50 Years and Above in Lindi Municipal, Tanzania
Authors: Francis Simon , Nyongole Obadia V. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Tanzania is among the highest recorded in Africa. Prostate cancer is also the most common cancer among men aged 50 years and above in Tanzania. Our study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among adult men with age 50 years and above regarding prostate cancer.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 250 adult men aged 50 years and above in Lindi municipal being purposively selected and we interviewed them by using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used for obtaining our participants. All men who had stayed for not less than one year in Lindi and willing to participate were enrolled in the study. These men were selected at households without screening whether or not they had taken prostate screening test or had been diagnosed with prostate cancer Quantitative data were cleaned and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: Majority, 216(86.7%) of our study participants were aged 50–69 years and most of them, 142(56.8%) had primary education with 93.2% of them being married. Among the study subjects 7.2% had positive family history of cancer and 195(78%) were aware of prostate cancer with source of information being mass media (62.6%). Majority of them, 63.2%, did not know the risk age group. Few, 20.8% of our participants had good knowledge while majority, 95.2% had negative attitude toward prostate cancer. We found a statistically significant association between level of education, family history and level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer with p < 0.005.Conclusion: This study revealed high level of awareness, but poor knowledge regarding prostate cancer and negative attitude toward prostate cancer among men with age ≥50 years in Lindi municipal Tanzania.
Key words: Awareness, knowledge, attitude, prostate cancer.
Ibi: An Examination of the Yoruba Traditional-Existentialist Conception of Evil
Authors: Joseph B B 
Published: June 2021

The problem of evil is of universal concern to humankind. Various attempts have been made to account for it in Western philosophy as well as in world religions such as Christianity, Islam and African traditional religion. This article examines the Yoruba existentialist attitude to the problem of evil. Using the Yoruba oral tradition, it posits that for the Yoruba evil is the creation of each individual, so that God cannot be blamed for its existence. I conclude the article with my own personal view that given the individual as a carrier of evil seed, the best existential outlook is to be ready to face, with stoic courage, whatever life brings one’s way. Key Words Ibi, Yoruba, Traditional-Existentialist, Evil
A Critical Review of Leonhard Praeg’s A Report on Ubuntu
Authors: Oduor R M J 
Published: June 2021

This article opines that in view of its detailed presentation of the contemporary discourse on Ubuntu, its incisive analysis of key concepts in this discourse, as well as its bold and thoroughgoing critique of the assumptions of both the advocates of Ubuntu and the defenders of the hegemonic Western liberal tradition, Leonhard Praeg’s seminal work, A Report on Ubuntu, is an outstanding contribution not only to the Southern African discourse on Ubuntu, but also to the ongoing quest for methodology in African philosophy as a whole. Key Words Ubuntu, communitarianism, liberalism, Apartheid, South Africa
Climate Ethics and Policy in Africa
Authors: Kelbessa W 
Published: June 2021

In this article, I use case studies from some African countries to determine whether or not African climate management policies have been guided by ethical principles. I argue that although climate change is fundamentally an ethical issue, African policymakers have not paid sufficient attention to ethical principles in this regard. I argue that the major ethical principles embodied in different African traditions can assist African and non-African countries to address the challenges occasioned by climate change. Finally, I suggest that technological societies whose current emissions most exceed their fair share of emissions ought to give attention to justice, and play their respective roles in averting the most extreme effects of climate change. KeywordsAfrican ethics, climate ethics, climate change, climate policy, inter-generational justice
CONOCIMIENTO Y APLICACIÓN DE LAS DISPOSICIONES LEGALES-FISCALES RELACIONADAS CON EL COSTO DE VENTAS E INVENTARIOS EN LAS PEQUEÑAS Y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS (PYMES) COMERCIALES, EN HERMOSILLO SONORA.
Authors: Félix Enriquez Segio , Ortiz Noriega Ana , Calles Montijo Fernando 
Published: June 2021

El trabajo es parte del resultado de proyecto de investigación: la normatividad contable y disposiciones legales en materia de contribuciones, relacionadas con el control de inventarios y determinación de los costos que impactan en los resultados en las pequeñas y medianas empresas en Hermosillo, Sonora y los reportes financieros correspondientes.
Se presenta un panorama general de la situación de las pymes en México, incluyendo un apartado relacionado con el impacto de la contingencia derivada del COVID 19.
El objetivo planteado es identificar y determinar si las PYMES, aplican las disposiciones fiscales en materia de la valuación y control de inventarios, así como la determinación del costo de ventas.
La metodología tiene un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y para la recopilación de datos se aplicó un cuestionario a empresas de la Cd. de Hermosillo, Sonora. Utilizando el SPSS, para su análisis.
Los principales resultados encontrados son, que las empresas de este sector, si conocen y aplican las disposiciones fiscales, en el control y valuación de inventarios, así como en la determinación del costo de lo vendido, deduciendo que los resultados que se presentan en los reportes financieros, es el adecuado, considerando como una oportunidad de desarrollo, capacitación y asesorías para el sector de las micros y quienes lo deseen para las pequeñas empresas, profesionalizando su administración y y hacer más eficiente el debido cumplimiento de sus obligaciones fiscales.
Cultural Property Protection in the Light of the New Law of FRG 2016
Authors: Soloshenko V. 
Published: June 2021

Preparations for the adoption of the new Law on Cultural Values Protection, its discussion and debates, that seriously puzzled the German Government, and also caused acute criticism from the representatives of the world of art are analyzed. Attention is focused on approaches to the important and quite complex in this regard issue concerning preservation of illegal movement of cultural objects that belong to the cultural heritage of the state. The main purpose of the bill is to enhance the protection of cultural property and effectively combat the illicit trafficking of them. The intentions of the Federal Government to integrate pre-existing laws in the field of cultural values into one law are very important. The main principles of the law in the new edition are protection from being sold overseas collections of state museums, including exhibits from private ownership that are in museums temporarily. It is highlighted that under current legislation, in each federal state of art and other cultural treasures, including libraries, must be entered in the register of national cultural values. These items have privileges in taxation, their export outside Germany requires special permission from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Germany, which can be stipulated for a number of restrictions and reservations. In the article it is underlined that he XXI century has set new challenges and tasks for German scientists that require operational, but balanced approach in their solution.
SYSTEM CONFRONTATION OF THE GLOBAL POLES OF POWER AND FACTOR OF RE-ACTION OF HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Authors: Khyzhnyak I. 
Published: June 2021

The publication contains the present day consideration of the new global world order general structure came up after well-known developments of the Dignity Revolution in Ukraine. There has been also revealed the controversial essence of the new phase of the international standoff between the systemic composing segment of the Transatlantic origin (EC states, the USA, British Common-wealth of Nations) and Ukraine in addition on the one hand, and Russia – on the other. It clearly shows the Russia’s policy of expansion: annexation of Crimea and unleashing war in Donbas region as well as to become one of the key centers of the world global poles of the superpowers arrangement. The degree of systemic impact on the present day historical background’s developments as factors of reversely acted effect of overall outcome after the World War II has been analyzed as well.
Ukrainian Diaspora of the USA: Realities of Cooperation with Ukraine during the Years of Independence (1991-2016)
Authors: Nedoshytko I. 
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to analyze the participation of the Ukrainian diaspora in the development of the Ukrainian state during the period of 1991-2016. The author emphasizes the importance of diaspora in formation of Ukrainian legislation, democratization of Ukrainian state, sharing the experience of building civil society. The article outlines the role of diaspora in the formation of the international image of Ukraine. The help of the Ukrainian diaspora of the USA in the development of medicine of independent Ukraine was found out and analyzed. The priority areas of cooperation of Chornobyl Children Fund with our state in this sphere are defined. Contribution of the Ukrainian diaspora of the USA in the economic development of independent Ukraine is examined and clarified. Unused potential for cooperation, factors that hinder effective cooperation with the Ukrainian state in this area are determined. The basic directions of humanitarian cooperation of diaspora with the Ukrainian state are exposed.
TÜRK TELEVİZYON DİZİLERİNDE BİR ERKEKLİK PERFORMANSI OLARAK BABALIK
Authors: ÖZGÜR Özlem 
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada Türk televizyon yayıncılığının en yaygın program türlerinden biri olan yerli dizilerde babalık temsillerine odaklanılmıştır.
Amaç: Bir erkeklik performansı olarak babalığın Türk televizyon dizilerindeki temsil ediliş biçimlerinin ve babalığa yüklenen anlamların nitel veri analizi yöntemi aracılığıyla çözümlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: 2010-2020 yılları arasında en az bir sezon yayınlanan diziler amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Analiz süresince araştırmacı tarafından örneklem içerisindeki her bir dizinin birinci sezonunun ilk 5 bölümü izlenmiş ve analitik notlar yazılmıştır. Analitik notlar aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler birbirleriyle ilişkilendirilerek sınıflandırılmış yani kategorileştirilmiş ardından da örüntü ve temalara ulaşılarak Türk televizyon dizilerinde babalık temsilleri ve babalığa yüklenen anlamlar bulgulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre söz konusu anlatılarda babalık bir bütün olarak değişmez kurallara sahip değildir. Aksine örneklem dahilindeki dizilerde babalık kurumu aynen toplumsal yapıda olduğu gibi son derece hassas ve kırılgan bir zemin üzerinde ilerlemektedir.
Özgünlük: Bu araştırma ile kitle iletişim araçlarındaki babalık temsillerine dair sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmaya bir yenisi daha eklenmiştir.