bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De provincieraadsverkiezingen van 24 november 1991
Authors: Brans Marleen 
Published: July 2021

On the 24th of november 1991 the Belgian voters elected the 716 members of the nine provincial councils.The socialists are the biggest losers of this election, with the Volksunie as a close second. Also the Christian Democrats suffered a serious decline, mainly caused by the loss of the CVP in Flanders. The electoral gain of the Flemish Liberals is neutralized by the decline of the Liberal party in Wallonia. The Greens gain 32 seats, the Far Right 35. These national aggregates hide striking regional differences. The national success of the Green is mainly due to the spectacular growth of Ecolo in the Walloons. The success of the Far Right is the sole result of a multiplication of votes for Vlaams Blok in Flanders. These results show that both the Flemish and the Walloon voters have sanctioned the traditional parties in a similar way. They opted, however, for totally different alternatives: the Flemish for the Far Right, the Walloons for the ecologists.The outcome of the provincial elections in the bilingual province of Brabant neatly mirrors these tendencies.In 1991 the outcome of the provincial elections showed a profile quite different from that of the national elections which were held on the same day. This is explained by the fact that the Flemish party Rossem, which won 3.2% of the votes, only ran for the national elections and not for the provincial elections. Hence, a considerable difference in voting behaviour on the national versus the local level. The comparison of the results of the national elections with those of the provincial confirms the claim that smaller parties generally score better at a lower level. In 1991 it can, however, not be said that the bigger parties did better on the national level.
De Europese Gemeenschap in 1991 : Wachten op de Europese Unie
Authors: Hooghe Liesbet 
Published: July 2021

The Twelve Member States agreed in December 1991 in Maastricht on an EconomicMonetary Union, including a single currency and an autonomous European central bank by the turn of the century, and on "an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". The structure of the European Political Union resembles a temple with three pillars : more powers for the European Parliament on a wider ranger of policy issues (European Communities), a separate framework for a common foreign and security policy, and intergovernmental cooperation on justice and internal aff airs. The new Treaty wilt replace the Treaty of Rome only after ratification in all twelve member states. White EMU and EPU dominated the public agenda, the internal market programme was drawing to a close with nearly all White paper measures adopted. Emphasis shifted to implementation problems. The prolonged conflict between Commission, Parliament and Council on the 1992 budget gave a taste of increasing tensions on budgetary issues, especially between "northern" and "southern" interests. That divide wilt deepen with or without ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. The budgetary battle of 1991 was partly on external relations. The external activities of the EC were all but successful in 1991: disparate conduct in the Gulf War, failure to contain conflict in Yugoslavia, near-collapse of negotiations with the EFTA countries, deadlock in Gatt-talks and the threat of a trade war between the three trade blocks. Ibe European Common Agricultural Policy remained a major stumblingblock in the Gatt-talks. The Commission proposed a radical reform package for CAP, fiercely opposed by France until the end of the year.
Les relations Belgo-Africaines en 1991: A la recherche d'une diplomatie des droits de l'homme ?
Authors: Willame Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2021

The implementation of a diplomacy that could put more emphasis on democracy and human rights was not an easy process in Belgium. Treatment of these matters have taken a different perspective in Zaïre, Rwanda and Burundi, Belgium 's three most important African partners. Reasons for that are twofold. Fore one thing, the Belgian foreign affairs service has always been overloaded by mercantile preoccupations. Secondly, knowledge on Africa has been limited to short circle diplomatic contacts while no instruments were ever implemented that could have ensured some following up of the African civil society at large.In the future, the continuation for a slow process of disengagement might be foreseable. New "partners" might come to the forefront such as South Africa while the U.S. and international financial organisations will definitely try to impose "good governance" together with a reasonable dose of human rights.
Endothelial dysfunction at refractory arterial hypertension
Authors: Safronenko A. V. , Gantsgorn E. V. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:to assess endothelial dysfunction and its genetic and immunological mechanisms in patients with refractory arterial hypertension. Materials and Methods: at this study 42 patients (30 men (71.4%) and 12 women (28.6%)) with refractory arterial hypertension of III severity were examined. The patient's average age was 59.4 ± 1.12 years. The metabolic stability of the endothelium was assessed by a pharmacological test for endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Immunological analysis was carried out by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genetic testing was performed on genomic DNA taken from whole venous blood samples. Results: in 33.3% of cases, a loss of metabolic resistance of endothelial cells to oxidative stress products was recorded. An imbalance was revealed between cytokines of a pro-inflammatory nature (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and anti-inflammatory substrates (interleukin-4, interferon-γ) in favor of the former. In patients with refractory arterial hypertension, a decrease in metabolic endothelial resistance is associated with the presence of «-174 G/C» polymorphism in the IL-6 gene and «308 G/A» in the TNF-α gene. Conclusions:in 1/3 of the examined patients with refractory arterial hypertension, there was a loss of endothelial cell resistance to the action of cytotoxic products, associated with hyperproduction of TNF-α, IL-6, as well as the presence of polymorphism «-174 G/C» in the IL-6 gene and «308 G/A» in the TNF-α gene.
Utilization of a Directly Supervised Telehealth-Based Exercise Training Program in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Feasibility Study
Authors: Motz Victoria , Faust Alison , Dahmus Jessica , Stern Benjamin , Soriano Christopher , Stine Jonathan G 
Published: July 2021

Background
Most patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are physically inactive despite the well-known benefits of physical activity. Telehealth offers promise as a novel way to deliver an exercise training program and increase physical activity. However, the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of telehealth-based exercise programs is unknown in patients with NAFLD.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of a directly supervised exercise training program delivered exclusively with telehealth to patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of NAFLD.

Methods
In response to COVID-19 research restrictions, we adapted an existing clinical trial and delivered 20 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training 5 days a week under real-time direct supervision using an audio–visual telehealth platform. Aerobic training was completed by walking outdoors or using a home treadmill. Fitness activity trackers with heart rate monitors ensured exercise was completed at the prescribed intensity with real-time feedback from an exercise physiologist.

Results
Three female patients with biopsy-proven NASH were enrolled with a mean age of 52 (SD 14) years. The mean body mass index was 31.9 (SD 5.1) kg/m2. All patients had metabolic syndrome. All patients completed over 80% of exercise sessions (mean 84% [SD 3%]) and no adverse events occurred. Body weight (mean –5.1% [SD 3.7%]), body fat (mean –4.4% [SD 2.3%]), and waist circumference (mean –1.3 in. [SD 1.6 in.]) all improved with exercise. The mean relative reduction in magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was 35.1% (SD 8.8%). Mean reductions in hemoglobin A1c and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance were also observed (–0.5% [SD 0.2%] and –4.0 [SD 1.2], respectively). The mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) improved by 9.9 (SD 6.6) mL/kg/min.

Conclusions
This proof-of-concept study found that supervised exercise training delivered via telehealth is feasible and safe in patients with NASH. Telehealth-based exercise training also appears to be highly efficacious in patients with NASH, but this will need to be confirmed by future large-scale trials.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03518294; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03518294
Cambios en los perfiles laborales en la República Dominicana como resultado de la pandemia
Authors: Villamizar Javier , Barrero Fernando 
Published: July 2021

Este estudio permite cuantificar los cambios que se han presentado como resultado de la pandemia con relación al perfil requerido de trabajadores en la República Dominicana. La metodología aplicada fue el análisis de la demanda de personal solicitada por las cinco bolsas o agencias de empleo con mayor número de avisos web de requerimientos de empleados en el país. La mayor parte de puestos vacantes actuales se concentra en técnicos profesionales de nivel medio, reduciéndose la proporción de solicitudes de personal para labores de administración, ventas y servicios. Este comportamiento sugiere que se disminuyeron las vacantes disponibles en los empleos asociados a la cadena de valor del sector turístico y de comercio, los más golpeados por la pandemia. Adicionalmente, la mayor proporción de las empresas continúa solicitando personal en edades de 25 a 45 años y hombres. Por otra parte, en el último año, han exigido mayores habilidades blandas, tales como trabajo en equipo, destrezas en comunicación, enfoque a resultados, responsabilidad y liderazgo, así como el dominio de competencias duras como TICs y del idioma inglés. Lo anterior abre un amplio abanico de oportunidades de desarrollo de programas y ajustes de los modelos educativos, como también la adopción de políticas para incentivar el empleo en los grupos poblacionales más vulnerables.
Comparative analysis of injuries among conscripts of the Russian Navy and Ground Forces in 2003–2019
Authors: Evdokimov V. I. , Mosyagin I. G. , Sivashchenko P. P. , Vetoshkin A. A. 
Published: July 2021

The injury rate of servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces (AF) is an important indicator of the safety of professional activity.Purpose.Main target is a comparative analysis of the injuries of conscripted servicemen of the Russian Navy and Ground Forces in 2003–2019.Materials and methods.We examined medical reports on the state of health of the personnel and the activities of the medical service in the form 3/MED. The indicators of injuries were correlated with groups (blocks) of the XIX class «Injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of exposure to external causes» (S00–T98) of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). Injury rates were calculated per 1,000 servicemen, or ‰.Results and discussion. Average annual level of injuries among conscripts of the Russian Navy in 2003–2019. was 23.54±2.75‰, the Ground Forces — 11.23±0.96‰ (p <0.001). Leading injuries were identified, with a share in the structure of 1.5%, in total, which accounted for 74.8% of conscripted servicemen of the Russian Navy, 72.5% of servicemen of the Ground Forces. Accounting for medical and statistical indicators of injuries can be used to analyze injuries in specific units and units of the Russian Armed Forces.
List of Food Substitutes vs Nutrients Balance: Which one is the future of designing diets in 21st century?
Authors: Moghadam Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani 
Published: July 2021

One of the first lines in controlling diseases and malnutrition is diet
therapy and currently, due to tool limitations, for designing the
patients’ diet plan, the food groups and the list of food substitutes
are being used while suitable databases of foods composition are
available. Methods of designing individuals’ diet and total of 8791
foods are reviewed to calculate the nutrients of mixed foods and design
a suitable method of diet therapy with more freedom for the patients in
the future. Food groups because of their simplicity are suitable for
public health educations but have limitations that could be better
covered using nutrient balances. The main cause of developing the list
of food substitutes was the limitations in calculating nutrients in a
designed diet that currently could be run using applications. Patients
also by using self-management nutrition applications that based on the
nutrient balancing method shown they are ready to accept this method. A
well-designed application can make using nutrient balancing method which
is the future of diets possible. However, the main limitation is still
the needs for a big, validated, and accurate foods composition database
that needs to be developed.
Keywords : Diet, Food Groups, Nutrients, Diet therapy,
Nutrition
Psychological and social analysis of collective trauma: the enduring lessons learned 20 years after the September 11th, terrorist attacks
Authors: Marques Barbosa Nasciutti Fabiana , Rahbari-Jawoko Mojgan 
Published: July 2021

Acontecimentos que apresentam uma consequência fatal sobre os civis têm, historicamente, um efeito duradourona psique daqueles que os testemunharam. Os ataques terroristas politizados de 11 de setembro de 2001 nos Estados Unidos foram o evento histórico mais significativo do século 21, com grande repercussão global. Iniciadas por esses incidentes, as ameaças contínuas de terrorismo desde então transformaram as atitudes públicas em dimensão social e política, além de terem impactado a maneira como as pessoas se relacionam tanto dentro dos Estados Unidos quanto globalmente. Este artigo examina criticamente as lições duradouras aprendidas 20 anos após o trágico evento. Para tanto, são discutidos: (i) a resposta psicológica global ao 11 de setembro a partir de uma perspectiva histórico-cultural; (ii) os impactos sociais e sociopolíticos mais amplos; (iii) a interação entre a política de identidade, as preocupações e os riscos de segurança nacional, o preconceito, a exclusão e a intolerância religiosa que os eventos incentivaram nos Estados Unidos e no mundo. Além disso, analisa-se como a mídia social, as informações rápidas e as notícias falsas influenciaram o pensamento crítico em todo o mundo. O artigo explora, particularmente, como o 11 de setembro pode potencialmente afetar a propensão individual ao fundamentalismo religioso, ao preconceito e à intolerância com aqueles que não são familiares.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA TERHADAP KERUGIAN KONSUMEN DALAM JUAL BELI KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (STUDI PT. HEROINTINUSA)
Authors: Nurmansyah Agus , Sukranatha Anak Agung Ketut 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh karyawan (PT. Herointinusa) yang merugikan konsumen dan mengetahui tentang tanggungjawab pelaku usaha (PT. Herointinusa) terhadap kerugian yang dialami oleh konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan fakta dan penggunaan sumber data yaitu sumber data primer dan sekunder yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, Manajemen PT. Herointinusa bertanggung jawab penuh dengan memberikan sanksi yang tegas kepada oknum karyawan yang terbukti bersalah dan manajemen perusahaan juga bertanggungjawab terhadap kerugian yang diderita konsumen dengan cara non litigasi atau menyelesaikan sengketa di luar pengadilan dengan cara musyawarah atau meminta pertanggungjawaban langsung dalam bentuk ganti rugi kepada konsumen yang dirugikan.

The purpose of this scientific journal is to know the find out the forms of violations committed by employees (PT. Herointinusa) that are detrimental to consumers and to know about the responsibility of business actors (PT. Herointinusa) for losses suffered by consumers. The research method used is the empirical legal research method using the legislation approach and the fact approach and the use of data sources namely primary and secondary data sources which are then linked to reality on the ground. From the results of research conducted, the Management of PT. Herointinusa takes full responsibility by giving strict sanctions to unscrupulous employees and the company's management is also responsible for losses suffered by consumers by non-litigation or resolving disputes outside the court by deliberation or asking for direct liability in the form of compensation to consumers who are harmed.
A influência da espiritualidade na terapêutica e prognóstico dos pacientes com transtornos mentais
Authors: Gomes Lorena Novaes , Rodrigues Isabela Cornelio de Freitas , Rocha Silvio Matheus Azevedo , Alves Wanessa Gonçalves , Botelho Letícia Lourenço , Franco Ana Clara Silva de Melo , Santana Daiane Silvério , Labuda Stefany Fernandes , Gonçalves Letícia Santana Ferreira , Soares Gustavo Fonseca Genelhu 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a relação da espiritualidade e o seu impacto no prognóstico e terapêutica dos três transtornos psiquiátricos mais prevalentes: depressão, ansiedade e transtorno afetivo bipolar. Revisão bibliográfica: A espiritualidade é um termo complexo, mas está relacionada à conexão entre o mundo físico e o espiritual. Estudos expostos no artigo estabelecem a relação da espiritualidade com o transtorno afetivo bipolar, como um fator positivo quando associada a psicofarmacoterapia, entretanto a espiritualidade depende da concepção individual e se internalizada pelo contexto negativo pode ser fonte de angústia e obstáculo ao tratamento. Ademais, a espiritualidade tem sido explorada como terapêutica no transtorno de ansiedade e depressão, os resultados são promissores e geram um aumento da qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: Diante do exposto, a espiritualidade exerce influência positiva ao tratamento e prognóstico de pacientes com transtornos mentais e é um fator protetivo importante. Assim, os profissionais de saúde devem estar capacitados para observar quando a espiritualidade está trazendo melhora ou nos casos que a própria interpretação da crença prejudica o manejo do paciente.
Withania Somnifera Linn as Herbal Source of Diverse Pharmacological Potential - A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kajal Panchal  , Praveen K Dixit  , Rajni Saini KM  , Nagarajan K  , Puspendra Kumar  , Vidhu Saxena  , Sanjeev Kumar Chauhan  
Published: July 2021

Ashwagandha, also known as Indian winter cherry, belonging to the Withania Somnifera Linn. (Solanaceae) family, (commonly available as Churna). Africa, the Mediterranean, and India are all home to this species. It is 30-50cm high and mainly found in the drier parts of India. Since it raises haemoglobin (red blood count) and hair melanin. Withania Somnifera is known as "Rasayana," which means "strong rejuvenator" in Ayurvedic jargon. In ethnomedicine, it is a well-known health food and herbal tonic that is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. It can be used as a single herb or as part of polyherbal or herbo-mineral formulations for humans. It is traditionally used to treat various diseases such as inflammation, asthma, dyspepsia, hypertension, rheumatism, tumor, anxiety, hemopoietic, antimicrobial, depression, immunomodulation, antiulcer, hepatoprotective activities, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, rejuvenating properties and syphilis. It has wide variety of chemical constituents such as withanoloides, flavonoid, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, steroids have been studied. Despite the fact that previous review articles on this plant have been written, this review article is provided to bring together all of the most recent knowledge on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities.
Comparative efficacy and safety of biatrial versus left atrial ablation in the surgical treatment of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Kalybekova A. T. , Rakhmonov S. S. , Lukinov V. L. , Chernyavskyi A. M. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To compare the results of biatrial (BA) and left atrial ablation (LAA) performed in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) with indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Material and Methods. A prospective, randomized, single-center, blinded study was conducted on the basis Meshalkin National Medical Research Center in the period from 2016 to 2019. A total of 116 patients with long-standing persistent AF and CAD were randomized into two groups: BA + CABG group (n = 58) and LAA + CABG group (n = 58). Patients of both groups underwent CABG surgery with the chosen atrial ablation technique (LAA or BA).Results: BA technique proved to be more effective in maintaining sinus rhythm (58%) compared with isolated LAA (31%) at 24 months (p = 0.019) after surgical treatment of long-standing persistent AF with concomitant CABG.Conclusion: BA technique was more effective than isolated LAA in the late postoperative period of 24 months.
Serum levels of cardiotrophin-1 in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Ogurkova O. N. , Pavlyukova E. N. , Suslova T. E. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily and is associated with cardiovascular pathology. The production of CT-1 increases in response to myocardial wall stretching and increase in its rigidity and is also modulated by a wide range of neurohormones and peptides, which allows to monitor CT-1 as a marker of biomechanical stress. However, the prognostic significance of CT-1 in patients with diastolic heart failure with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains poorly understood.Objective. To study the blood serum cardiotrophin-1 contents and their relationships with NT-proBNP in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.Material and Methods. The study comprised a total of 76 patients with obstructive HCM and 31 patients with severe LV dysfunction. The group of patients with HCM comprised patients with obstructive form; the group of patients with severe LV dysfunction included patients with the third type of post-infarction LV remodeling and ejection fraction (EF) of less than 30%. The determination of cardiotrophin-1 and highly sensitive C-reactive protein was carried out by the enzyme immunoassay. The study of NT-proBNP content in blood serum was performed by multiplex immunoassay using the FLEXMAP 3D Luminex Corporation system.Results. The content of cardiotrophin-1 in the blood serum of patients with obstructive HCM was higher than in the group of patients with severe LV dysfunction. The study of NT-proBNP concentrations in the blood serum showed increases in the content in both groups of patients. The median concentrations of NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein in patients with severe LV dysfunction were increased compared to the median concentration in patients with obstructive HCM.Conclusion. The study showed an increase in cardiotrophin-1 content in the blood serum in patients with obstructive HCM with chronic diastolic heart failure. The increase in cardiotrophin-1 content was directly associated with the increase in NTproBNP level in patients with obstructive HCM with chronic diastolic heart failure.