bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon fibers recovery from CFRP recycling process and their usage: A review
Authors: Sukanto Heru , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Ariawan Dody , Triyono Joko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carbon fiber is a popular polymer reinforcing material for forming carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) as a construction material under high loading. The use of this composite has spread in various fields of technology with a quite large production volume annually. Consequently, when the life span of the composite has run out it will leave composite waste and brought up CFRP recycling cases as a dare for scientists and engineers. Research on carbon fiber reclamation from CFRP materials has been carried out with the main purpose of taking and reusing carbon fiber. Several CFRP recycling methods have been investigated in laboratories and applied successfully to business but the capacity of production is not comparable with the addition of CFRP composite waste each year. High recycling energy is one of the main reasons constrained this waste recycling business. Recycled carbon fiber (r-CF) also shows a decrease in performance compared to virgin carbon fiber (v-CF) with a varied distribution of degradation according to the recycling method applied. However, reuse of r-CF in the form of short fibers in a composite materials under medium and low loads has been thoroughly tested and applied with promising results as a reinforcement for new composites
Clearance effect on the sheared edge characteristics of key chain cranioplasty plate in the punching process
Authors: Lubis Didin Zakariya , Suprayitno  , Asfani Khoiruddin , Cholif Arrahman Muhammad Baril 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Punching process is a process to cut sheet metal by pressing the workpiece until it exceeds the elastic limit of the material. In this study, the researcher used the finite element method as a solution to a problem during the manufacturing process. This research simulated the punching process, particularly hole-making, in keychain cranioplasty product to obtain smoothest sheared edge characteristics by optimising the clearance amount variations. The product had 1.53 mm diameter and 0.6 mm thickness of titanium alloy plate. The analysis was performed using the finite element method with the support of ANSYS Explicit Dynamic software. During the punching process, the punching speed was 2600 mm/min. The results showed that reductions in clearance, below 2.5% clearance, produced rougher sheared edge. The higher clearance produce rougher sheared edge. The 2.5% clearance was the standard for a right sheared edge to make a hole in the keychain cranioplasty plate with 0.6 mm thickness.
Synthesis and characterization of CaCo3/CaO from Achatina fulica in various sintering time
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Fauzi Andre Faiz , Susanto Hendra , Permanasari Avita Ayu , Gayatri Rara Warih , Razak Jeefferie Abdul , Abdillah Pratama Muhammad Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Snail shell is an abundance of waste in Indonesia, particularly from snail or Achatina fulica snail. Snail shell has high calcium content; thus, it can be used as an alternative replacement for CaO/CaCO3. This research aimed to make CaCO and CaO from the Achatina fulica snail shell waste as the base material of hydroxyapatite. The synthesis process of CaO/ CaCO3 used the ball milling method for 6 hours in various sintering temperature of 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C. The synthesised samples were then characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD results showed the successful synthesis of snail shell waste into CaCO3 and CaO with the smallest particle size from each temperature variation were 17.60 nm, 30.16 nm, and 53.30 nm. The SEM images showed agglomeration and porosity in all samples. The EDX test results displayed the highest Ca (calcium) was found in the sample with 1050°C sintering temperature, and the highest O (oxygen) level was found in the sample with 850 °C sintering temperature. The FTIR test results presented the functional group transformation from CaCO3 into higher CaO along with the increase of the sintering temperature.
Simulation of manufacturing strategy of an orthotic boots shoe insole product with a Computer-Aided Manufacturing for club foot patient
Authors: Fergiawan P.K. , Anggoro P.W. , Anthony A.A. , Tauviqirrahman M. , Jamari  , Bayuseno A.P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the design of orthotic boots in the club foot patient is investigated concerning the optimum condition of cutting parameters using computer-aided manufacturing. 3D CAD model insole is obtained from the scanning process until the design phase using reverse innovative design method. 3D CAD Model insole is designed using curve Base Modeling. From this design, simulated optimization can be obtained from Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). Optimal manufacturing time optimization is simulated on the CNC Milling machine with the Taguchi approach. Six selected parameters containing toolpath machining, feed rate, spindle speed, depth of cut, Cutter selection, and insole dimension size are of particular interest. It is found that the design layout L2736 gives the most optimal simulation manufacturing using toolpath strategy tep and shallow finishing with spindle speed 1500 rpm, STEPD down 3 mm, Step over 2 mm, and 2mm Cutter diameter, on the model tolerance size 0.75 mm.
An analysis of frictional coefficient and surface roughness in surface grinding of SKD 11 tool steel using Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and dry techniques
Authors: Khoirul Effendi M. , Soepangkat Bobby O. P. , Noorcahyo Rachmadi , Made Londen Batan I , Wahyudi Arif , Harnany Dinny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study was intended to investigate the effect of the cooling method (CM), workpiece speed (Vf), and depth of cut (doc) on frictional coefficient (FC) and surface roughness (SR) in the surface grinding of SKD 11 tool steel. CM consists of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and dry techniques. Power function was applied to model both FC and SR. Based on the analysis of the model, CM and VF significantly affected both responses, while doc influenced only FC. SEM photographs of the ground surfaces were also presented to compare the surface quality between MQL grinding and dry grinding.
BPNN-ACO application on minimization of hole delamination during GFRP drilling process
Authors: Norcahyo Rachmadi , Rokhmad Iqbal Faishal , Mahardika Muslim , Nugroho Gesang , Pramoedyo Soepangkat Bobby Oedy , Robbany Fathi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Delamination defects during the drilling process on the glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) have a great contribution to the component failure. Hence, it is necessary to properly choose the combination of machining variables to minimize hole entry delamination (EnDel) and hole exit delamination (ExDel) during drilling process simultaneously. This study underlines the modelling and minimizing the EnDel and hole ExDel during GFRP drilling process by combining a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method and ant colony optimization (ACO). The varied drilling parameters were type of drill point angle, feeding speed, and cutting speed. The optimum BPNN architecture could be obtained by using 3-4-2-5-8-2 network architecture with tansig activation function. The optimum GFRP drilling parameters that can minimize EnDel and ExDel simultaneously were 116° of drill point angle, 51.3 mm min−1 of feeding speed and 4975 rpm of spindle speed.
Electrode wear investigation on sinking-electrical discharge machining of Cu-electroplated Al: Discharge current and pulse-on time effect
Authors: Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Syamsudin Udin , Andoko  , Suyetno Agus , Bintara Redyarsa Dharma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sinking-EDM is a non-conventional machine that utilizes electrical energy that is converted to thermal energy which can produce spark on gap between electrode and workpiece with flowed by dielectric fluid. The spark will produce an erosion and then transform to a crater that is effecting electrode and workpiece melt. It will decrease the mass of electrode during EDM machining until cause it worn down. The materials processed on EDM machine are Al and Cu-electroplated Al using CuCr electrodes. Cu-electroplated Al is a materials obtained from aluminium coated by Cu using electroplating in order to increase its electrical conductivity. Experimental method are used to pull up data, the parameter set are discharge current of 4, 7, 10 A and pulse-on time of 50, 75, 100 µs, while the result to be analyzed were electrode wear rate (EWR) and then did a comparison EWR by workpice material Al and Cu-electroplated Al in accordance set parameter are discharge current with value 7 A and pulse-on time with values 50 µs, 75 µs, 100 µs. An EWR value can be calculated by measuring the electrode weight loss during the EDM process with a digital scale. SEM test is carried out on the electrode that produces the lowest and highest EWR to clarify the phenomenom that occurs, and SEM test equipment are used to access electrode morphology of EWR results.The result showed that the higher the value of the discharge current used EWR would also be increase, while the higher pulse-on time value used EWR were decrease. The highest EWR occurs at parameter discharge current 10 A and pulse-on time 50 µs with a value of 0.478 mm3 min−1, while the lowest EWR occurs at parameter discharge current 4 A and pulse-on time 100 µs with a value of 0.008 mm3 min−1. The highest value in Cu-electroplated Al workpiece material with parameter discharge current 7 A and pulse-on time 50 µs is 0.119 mm3 min−1, while the highest EWR value in Al workpiece material with same cutting parameter is 0.068 mm3 min−1.
Depth estimation for a robotic arm based on monocular images
Authors: Alamsyah Fikrul Akbar , Cheng Chi-Cheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Regaining depth information of objects from two-dimensional images is one of the fundamental issues and essential thing in the field of machine vision. There is a depth estimation method using non-inclined with forward movements that was already presented with feature extraction of image processing based on one direction only. This study proposes a depth estimation approach based on forward and backward movement with non-inclined and inclined orientations. Binary threshold will be used in this study to replace feature extraction. The study can approximate the most effective depth estimation using forward and backward movement in frame of non-inclined and inclined orientations. The images captured by an un-calibrated ordinary monocular camera mounted at the end effector of a robot arm. In this approach, the first image is captured and then the camera parameters remain unchanged. The second image is acquired after moving a distance d along the optical axis. Then image segmentation and binary threshold are implemented on the two images separately, and the numbers of black pixels in the images are counted. The experiments were carried out by simulations using webot software and python programming code. The results showed that the second position of the camera 0.1 meter from its first position demonstrated the best estimation performance, both for non-inclined and inclined movements, while the 0.01 meter distance resulted in the greatest error.
Framework design of decision support system: Improving decision making in fishery supply chain for coastal communities
Authors: Teniwut Wellem Anselmus , Hasyim Cawalinya Livsanthi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The focus of researchers in the field of decision making which related to designing a decision support system to assist in the decision-making process, so far is very limited to the fisheries sector, especially at the small and micro business scale. On the other hand, the SME-scale fisheries sector is a major driver of regional and country performance because it has a very significant multiplier effect on the economic development of the region. Specifically, for coastal areas, the main problem faced is the consistency of the results obtained, one of the main causes is a distorted supply chain. In this study, we are trying to design a conceptual framework for decision support systems in order to assist the decision-making process of fisheries business operators in coastal areas in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. With the main objective of expediting the supply chain of fisheries in this region. The design of the DSS that was built was adjusted to the needs of every fishery businessman in this region. So, in addition to web-based DSS framework design, we also conducted surveys on fisheries supply chain processes from capture fishermen and aquaculture farmers to adjust the conditions of needs and empirical problems to design DSS concepts that can help overcome supply chain problems in the fisheries sector in the region.
Database design with product structure, Bill of Material and group technology for supplier decision support systems (Case study: hand tractor manufacturing)
Authors: Utomo Denny Trias , Gumilang Mukhamad Angga , Santoso Purnomo Budi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Supplier selection is a common problem for manufacturing industries because there are so many supplier options. The decision support system is one solution that can help industries in which one is the best supplier with specific criteria. In the case of manufacturing industries, to give decisions supports system input data, we need to identify the bill of materials. Furthermore, group technology also can be used to optimize the bill of materials. In this paper, we present the database design process from the bill of materials combined with group technology in tractor manufacturing industries. Product structure diagram, bill of materials table, database design diagram are created as results. From this result, we can develop a decision support system with some computing algorithmsfor the next study.
The prototype of characterization silica nano particle of rice husk using KOH based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Astuti Ely Setyo , Wardana ING , Sonief Achmad As’ad , Sarosa  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the abundant sources of biomass is rice husk. Based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, dry grain production in Indonesia reached 83.037150 tons. About 20% of the dry grain is husk. As a result, 16.6 million tons of rice husks were produced in 2018 and their utilization has not been carried out optimally. This research will characterize rice husk silica particles using potassium hydroxide (KOH). The procedure of this research is pyrolysis with a high temperature of 800o with a burning time of 4 hours and 6 hours. The next process is refining rice husk charcoal using High Energy Milling (HEM). The SEM and EDX test results show that the pyrolysis 800°C, 4 hours results in a higher% silica, namely 18.64% with 40.52% carbon. While the results of 800°C, 6 hours pyrolysis produced 35% silica with 28.04% carbon. The data obtained from this study became data in Artificial Intelligence (AI) software to determine the higher silica content of rice husks from several variations of pyrolysis. The results of this measurement, it becomes data for AI software to determine the higher % silica. From the experimental results of the two variations, 800° 6 hours pyrolysis resulted in higher silica.
Redesign of facility layout to reduce the production line distance in MSE Silver 999 Malang
Authors: Rofieq Mochammad , Erliana Ken , Wiati Ni Made , Hariyanto Samsudin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To be able to compete, every micro and small enterprises (MSE) must continue to innovate in both product and production process innovation. Silver 999 is MSE which produces jewellery from gold, silver, brass and other raw materials. MSE Silver 999 products have penetrated international markets. The initial layout condition on the Silver 999 production floor was very inefficient because the Blanding work station was located outside the production area which caused the length of material flow to produce rings to be 51.35 meters. Due to improvements in some work equipment on the MSE production floor, it is necessary to redesign the layout to minimize material flow. By using a combination of the Systematic Layout Planning Method and the BLOCPLAN 90 software, a new layout proposal was obtained. By implementing the new layout, the material flow distance for ring production was reduced from 51,350 meters to 23,005 meters, or by reducing the distance by 55.2%.
Improvement of cooling time performance in TAD® 20t mixing vessel using root cause analysis and PDCA cycle in TAD® 20t mixing vessel product maturity
Authors: Santoso Sugeng , Aulia Muhammad Iqbal , Harahap Rahmat Saleh , Sitorus Rikki Sani , Waskita Dedy Sandi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The process of continuous improvement in product design portfolios uses the PDCA cycle, while the iteration process is carried out to obtain optimal and validated results and to increase the level of maturity of the product. Eliminating defects in TAD® installed at PT. YYY is able to improve the “cooling time” performance. Improved cooling time performance also resolves problems that occur in the production of Hair Care at PT. YYY and improve global product efficiency. On the other hand this also completes the “Problem Resolution Customer System” ticket on behalf of PT. YYY The solution produced has been through several discussions ranging from brainstorming all parameters that cause problems, the process of gathering RCA (Root Cause Analysis) to look for the potential impact of all parameters found during the brainstorming process through Fish Bond Diagram analysis techniques to obtain potential solutions. In terms of product portfolio management also minimizes the impact of this happening again in the future which can have negative effects related to the company’s name, additional costs for product repairs that increase problems and minimize losses from customers
The effect of different types of quenching methods on the burr zone characteristics on Ti-6Al-4V material
Authors: Lubis Didin Zakariya , Andoko  , Ridho Muhammad Yusuf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Heat treatment is a process that aimed to increase the ductility, reduce internal strain, smoothen the crystallite, increase the tensile strength, improve the Carbon (C) atom components, and increase the hardness. This research aimed to find the heat treated results using carburizing and quenching in blanking tool with low-carbon steel in the form of hardness level growth using carbon charcoal media mixed with BaCo3 energizer in pack carburizing process at 900°C temperature for 120 minutes holding time. This is continued with quenching process using oil, saltwater, and water. The blanking tool was tested in blanking experiment with 2.5% clearance, 3000 mm min−1 cutting speed using Ti-6Al-4V sheet metal with 0.6 mm thickness. The result parameter from the experiment was the burr zone level measurement of the product. Heat treatment process increased Carbon (C) atom component in the blanking tool. The raw material had a 0.17% component, and the quench media of oil, saltwater, and water had 0.19%, 0.22%, and 0.3% carbon components respectively. The hardness value also increases using oil, salt water, and water as the quenching media, resulted in 283.7, 423.8, and 462.4 HV respectively. The burr zone level was also obtained using the quench media of oil, salt water, and water with the results of 0.218, 0.206, and 0.119 mm.
Artificial aging heat treatment post-effect on profile and mechanical properties of the AA 6061 friction welding joint
Authors: Sugiarto  , Risonarta Victor Yuardi , Samsul Ma’arif M. , Femelio As’ad A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Friction welding is a solution for metal joint problems that are difficult to joint with fusion welding. The quality results of friction welding are highly dependent on process parameters such as friction pressure, friction time, forging pressure, forging time, and rotating speed. There is often excessive softening, hardening of the metal grains, and formation of an intermetallic phase at the weld interface due to too high friction temperatures and too high forging pressures on the alloy. Several studies on AA 6061 concludes artificial aging heat treatment can provide positive changes on the tensile strength and microstructure of AA 6061. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of post artificial aging treatment toward profile and mechanical properties of AA 6061 friction welding joint. The varied parameters are forging pressure in friction welding of 325 bar, 350 bar, 375 bar and artificial aging heating temperature post-welding of 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C. The fixed parameters observed are the connection profile, microstructure, hardness distribution and tensile strength of the joint. Controlled variables include: 1600 rpm spindle rotation, 65 bar or 65 kg cm−2 friction pressure, friction time tf = 6 seconds, time forging pressure tu = 60 seconds, workpiece contact diameter 15 mm and 15 degrees workpiece chamfer angle. The results are specimens with forging pressures of 325 bar, 350 bar and 375 bar without artificial aging treatment still show clearly interface of Zpl and Zpd zone; whereas in specimens treated with artificial aging, the Zpd and Zpl interface are getting faded which indicating that there is structures homogenization in the Zpd and Zpl zone. The hardness of the joint area increased significantly after artificial aging heat treatment because formed Mg2Si precipitates were dispersed in the Zpl, Zpd and Zud zones. The post-weld artificial aging heat treatment also resulted in a more even distribution of hardness in the joint area. The highest distribution of joint area hardness occurred in specimens with a forging pressure of 350 bar and artificial aging treatment at 200 °C. Artificial aging treatment with a temperature of 200 °C will form Mg2Si (black) precipitation and Fe3SiAl12 (gray) particles which are evenly dispersed in the Al matrix in the Zpd and Zpl zones so that their hardness is high. By applying artificial aging heat treatment, the tensile strength of the specimens increases until the artificial aging temperature is 150 °C; when the artificial aging temperature is raised to 200 °C, the tensile strength tends to drop back.
The effect of storage duration on total xanthones and antioxidant activity of microencapsulation of mangosteen peel extract
Authors: Kusmayadi Andri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Xanthones compounds in mangosteen peel extract have characteristics that are unstable, sensitive, easy to react and easily subject to oxidation. Microencapsulation has the ability to maintain the stability of herbal extracts during storage. The aim of this study was to determine the duration of storage of microencapsulated products of mangosteen peel extract against total xanthones and antioxidant activity. Mangosteen peel extracted using ethanol for 24 hours. Maltodextrin is synthesized from sugar palm starch using an enzymatic method. Mangosteen peel extract and maltodextrin are formulated at a ratio of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 30:70. Total xanthones levels and antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract microcapsules were measured using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that the microencapsulation process and the ratio of core material and encapsulant material significantly affected total xanthones levels and antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract microcapsules during storage. The M4 treatment produced the highest total xanthones and M2 treatment produced the most powerful antioxidant activity compared to other treatments.