bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype‐ and tissue‐specific physiological and biochemical changes of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties following a rapid dehydration
Authors: Salahvarzi Mandana , Nasr Esfahani Maryam , Shirzadi Nasrin , Burritt David J. , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn nature, plants may suffer rapid dehydration (RD), which causes significant loss of the annual global chickpea production. Thus, ascertaining more knowledge concerning the RD‐tolerance mechanisms in chickpea is crucial for developing high drought‐tolerant varieties to assure sustainable chickpea production under sudden water deficit. Here, we focused on genotype‐driven variation in leaf relative water content (RWC) and associated differences in RD‐responsive physiological and biochemical attributes in roots and leaves of two chickpea varieties, FLIP00‐21C and FLIP02‐89C, subjected to well‐watered and RD conditions. FLIP00‐21C showed higher RD‐tolerance than FLIP02‐89C, evident by its higher leaf RWC during RD. Consistently, FLIP00‐21C exhibited lower membrane injury due to lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation than FLIP02‐89C during RD, indicating reduced RD‐induced oxidative damage. Under RD conditions, total phenolics in roots and flavonoids in roots and leaves increased more in FLIP02‐89C compared to FLIP00‐21C; however, the increased activities of superoxide dismutase and H2O2‐scavenging enzymes were more properly coordinated in FLIP00‐21C than in FLIP02‐89C, which might contribute to more efficient antioxidant defense in FLIP00‐21C than in FLIP02‐89C. The higher leaf RWC of FLIP00‐21C versus FLIP02‐89C under RD might be associated with greater increases in the levels of the osmo‐regulators proline and total free amino acids (TFAAs) in FLIP00‐21C than in FLIP02‐89C. Collectively, the higher RD‐tolerance of FLIP00‐21C is mainly associated with the maintenance of higher RWC, stronger antioxidant defense, and greater accumulation of proline and TFAAs. These traits could be useful for evaluating the drought‐tolerance of chickpea varieties and further marker‐assisted breeding approaches for improvement of chickpea productivity.
Molecular insights into the role of plant transporters in salt stress response
Authors: Saddhe Ankush Ashok , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Kumar Kundan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSalt stress disturbs the cellular osmotic and ionic balance, which then creates a negative impact on plant growth and development. The Na+ and Cl− ions can enter into plant cells through various membrane transporters, including specific and non‐specific Na+, K+, and Ca2+ transporters. Therefore, it is important to understand Na+ and K+ transport mechanisms in plants along with the isolation of genes, their characterization, the structural features, and their post‐translation regulation under salt stress. This review summarizes the molecular insights of plant ion transporters, including non‐selective cation transporters, cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation transporters, glutamate‐like receptors, membrane intrinsic proteins, cation proton antiporters, and sodium proton antiporter families. Further, we discussed the K+ transporter families such as high‐affinity K+ transporters, HAK/KUP/KT transporters, shaker type K+ transporters, and K+ efflux antiporters. Besides the ion transport process, we have shed light on available literature on epigenetic regulation of transport processes under salt stress. Recent advancements of salt stress sensing mechanisms and various salt sensors within signaling transduction pathways are discussed. Further, we have compiled salt‐stress signaling pathways, and their crosstalk with phytohormones.
Inoculation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and mycorrhiza confers tolerance to drought stress and improve seed yield and quality of soybean plant
Authors: Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Abd Elgawad Hamada , Xiong You‐Cai , Macovei Anca , Brestic Marian , Skalicky Milan , Shaghaleh Hiba , Alhaj Hamoud Yousef , El‐Sawah Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and/or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as natural biofertilizers on biomass, yield, and seed nutritive quality of soybean (Giza 111). The conditions investigated include a well‐watered (WW) control and irrigation withholding at the seed development stage (R5, after 90 days from sowing) (DS). Co‐inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF, resulted in the highest plant biomass and yield under WW and DS conditions. The nuclear DNA content analysis suggested that co‐inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF decreased the inhibition of drought stress on both the size and granularity of seed cells, which were comparable to the normal level. The single or co‐inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and AMF increased the primary metabolites content and alleviated the drought‐induced reduction in soluble sugars, lipids, protein and oil contents. Plant inoculation induced the expression of genes involved in lipid and protein biosynthesis, whereas an opposite trend was observed for genes involved in lipid and protein degradation, supporting the observed increase in lipid and protein content. Plant inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens showed the highest α‐amylase and β‐amylase activities, indicating improved osmolyte (soluble sugar) synthesis, particularly under drought. Interestingly, single or co‐inoculation further strengthen the positive effect of drought on the antioxidant and osmoprotectant levels, i.e. phenol, flavonoid, glycine betaine contents, and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activity. As a result of stress release, there was a decrease in the level of stress hormones (abscisic acid, ABA) and an increase in gibberellin (GA), trans‐zeatin‐riboside (ZR), and indole acetic acid (IAA) in the seeds of inoculated plants. Additionally, the ATP content, hydrolytic activities of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase, Ca2+‐ATPase, and Mg2+‐ATPase were also increased by the inoculation.
Doing synthetic biology with photosynthetic microorganisms
Authors: Vavitsas Konstantinos , Kugler Amit , Satta Alessandro , Hatzinikolaou Dimitris G. , Lindblad Peter , Fewer David P. , Lindberg Pia , Toivari Mervi , Stensjö Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of photosynthetic microbes as synthetic biology hosts for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and even fuels has received increasing attention over the last decade. The number of studies published, tools implemented, and resources made available for microalgae have increased beyond expectations during the last few years. However, the tools available for genetic engineering in these organisms still lag those available for the more commonly used heterotrophic host organisms. In this mini‐review, we provide an overview of the photosynthetic microbes most commonly used in synthetic biology studies, namely cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, eustigmatophytes and diatoms. We provide basic information on the techniques and tools available for each model group of organisms, we outline the state‐of‐the‐art, and we list the synthetic biology tools that have been successfully used. We specifically focus on the latest CRISPR developments, as we believe that precision editing and advanced genetic engineering tools will be pivotal to the advancement of the field. Finally, we discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each group of organisms and examine the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve their synthetic biology potential.
Untargeted metabotyping to study phenylpropanoid diversity in crop plants
Authors: Garibay‐Hernández Adriana , Kessler Nikolas , Józefowicz Anna Maria , Türksoy Gözde Merve , Lohwasser Ulrike , Mock Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant genebanks constitute a key resource for breeding to ensure crop yield under changing environmental conditions. Because of their roles in a range of stress responses, phenylpropanoids are promising targets. Phenylpropanoids comprise a wide array of metabolites; however, studies regarding their diversity and the underlying genes are still limited for cereals. The assessment of barley diversity via genotyping‐by‐sequencing is in rapid progress. Exploring these resources by integrating genetic association studies to in‐depth metabolomic profiling provides a valuable opportunity to study barley phenylpropanoid metabolism; but poses a challenge by demanding large‐scale approaches. Here, we report an LC‐PDA‐MS workflow for barley high‐throughput metabotyping. Without prior construction of a species‐specific library, this method produced phenylpropanoid‐enriched metabotypes with which the abundance of putative metabolic features was assessed across hundreds of samples in a single‐processed data matrix. The robustness of the analytical performance was tested using a standard mix and extracts from two selected cultivars: Scarlett and Barke. The large‐scale analysis of barley extracts showed (1) that barley flag leaf profiles were dominated by glycosylation derivatives of isovitexin, isoorientin, and isoscoparin; (2) proved the workflow's capability to discriminate within genotypes; (3) highlighted the role of glycosylation in barley phenylpropanoid diversity. Using the barley S42IL mapping population, the workflow proved useful for metabolic quantitative trait loci purposes. The protocol can be readily applied not only to explore the barley phenylpropanoid diversity represented in genebanks but also to study species whose profiles differ from those of cereals: the crop Helianthus annuus (sunflower) and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Comparative efficiency of novel laparoscopic and routine vaginal inseminations with cryopreserved semen in rabbits
Authors: Küçük Niyazi , Uçan Uğur , Raza Sanan , Erdoğan Güneş , Aksoy Melih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLaparoscopic artificial insemination technique (LAI) is described to overcome reduced fertility problems in sheep artificial insemination (AI) programmes with frozen semen. Later on, this technology was modified for endangered non‐domestic cats to deposit low quality or reduced number of sperm cells hardly obtained by electro‐ejaculation into the oviduct. This technique by passes the complex structure of cervix and efficiently transfers the sperm cells to the point of fertilization. In recent years, rabbits are becoming popular transgenic animal models producing various therapeutic and commercial products, as well as being experimental animals for disease models. The worldwide transportation of frozen semen and re‐establishment of transgenic lines using AI technology has become a common practice. Therefore, this study was designed to describe a laparoscopic intrauterine insemination technique, which might assist in conceiving the animals with limited number of sperm cells. The female rabbits were laparoscopically (n = 22) or vaginally (n = 13) inseminated with frozen–thawed semen samples containing approximately 10 × 106 motile sperm. The laparoscopic insemination technique provided higher pregnancy rate (45.5%) than vaginal insemination technique (7.7%) (p < .05). In conclusion, the described laparoscopic AI might be a new alternative technique, thus enabling limited or low‐quality frozen sperm samples to establish pregnancy in rabbits.
Assessment of the tongue frenulum in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome: Pre‐ and post‐frenectomy findings
Authors: César Carla Patrícia Hernandez Alves Ribeiro , Torres Geciane Maria Xavier , Andrade Natália Silva , Vanderlei Katharina Morant Holanda de Oliveira , Nascimento Karla Monique de Souza , Barroso Brenna Geovania Izaura Santos , Santos Emerson de Santana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAim: To report the pre‐ and post‐frenectomy findings of a patient with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome.Methods and Results: Clinical case report of a patient with a confirmed genetic‐molecular diagnosis of the referred syndrome. The minor was evaluated and reassessed by the protocol for the evaluation of the tongue's frenulum for babies in two moments: pre‐surgical and 2 months after the frenectomy. The surgical procedure was performed using the traditional technique and, after the procedure, the minor was breastfed and received photobiomodulation with a red laser. The minor obtained 16 points in the neonatal tongue screening test, indicating the need for a frenectomy. Thus, she was referred to a dentist for surgery. After the surgical procedure, macroglossia was observed as a maternal complaint (previously not mentioned). The wound healing was satisfactory, and the total score obtained in the reapplication of the protocol (five points) showed functional results of improvements in sucking and tongue mobility, justifying the importance of the frenectomy.Conclusion: Frenectomy, despite showing macroglossia related to the Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome, allowed anatomical and functional advances of the tongue in the present clinical case.
Single implant overdenture reinforced with a metallic framework: A 2‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Pinheiro Mayara Abreu , do Amaral Camilla Fraga , Meira Ingrid Andrade , Carletti Talita Malini , Câmara‐Souza Mariana Barbosa , Souza Carolina Santos Ventura , de Moraes Marcio , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo prevent single‐implant overdenture (SIO) fracture, the inclusion of a framework in the overdenture has been suggested. However, no investigations verified their benefits.ObjectiveTo evaluate prosthetic maintenance events, patient satisfaction, and mastication of SIO reinforced by metallic framework users.Material and methodsFifteen volunteers had a new set of complete dentures converted into an SIO containing a framework. Maintenance events were recorded, while patient satisfaction was assessed using a visual analog scale. Masticatory performance (MP) was evaluated using the sieving method, maximum bite force (MBF) by pressure sensors, and masseter thickness by ultrasound. Measurements were performed 2, 12, and 24 months after SIO use. Repeated‐measures ANOVA and paired Student's t‐tests (p < 0.05) were applied.ResultsMatrix exchange was the most prevalent maintenance event (83.6%), and no SIO was fractured during the entire follow‐up. Satisfaction with the SIO stability decreased (p < 0.01) after 12 months. MP did not change between evaluations (p > 0.05). Conversely, MBF and masseter thickness improved after 12 and 24 months of SIO use (p < 0.05).ConclusionsReinforced SIO did not fracture during 2 years but requires maintenance. It improves bite force and muscle thickness, maintaining MP values. Satisfaction with SIO stability decreased in the first year of use.
Oral and tracheal microbiota of pediatric and adolescent patients in an intensive care unit
Authors: Pinheiro Caroline Louise Sampaio , Lima Fernanda Pereira , Machado Fernanda Conceição , Santos Sara de Souza , Malheiro Allan Roberto Xavier , Ataíde Ledilce Almeida , Figueiredo Andreia Cristina Leal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the oral and tracheal microbiota of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods and resultsThis is an exploratory study conducted on patients aged 5 months to 13 years admitted to the PICU of a referral hospital. Two microbiological samples were collected with a swab in the posterior region of the tongue from patients receiving spontaneous and mechanical ventilation within the first 24 and 48 h after admission to the PICU. Among patients receiving mechanical ventilation, tracheal secretion was also collected in a second sampling. The caries experience was evaluated using the DMFT/dmf index, and the quality of oral hygiene was assessed based on the visual plaque index (VPI). A questionnaire was applied to obtain data on hospital routine and sample characteristics. The DMFT/dmf index was 1.66 (SD = 2.18) and the mean VPI was 43.03 (SD = 36.93). The most prevalent microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%). Oral colonization by opportunistic pathogens was significantly higher in patients receiving mechanical ventilation compared to those on spontaneous ventilation (p < .05). There was no relationship of VPI or DMFT/dmf with oral microbiological changes.ConclusionThe results indicate that PICU patients are susceptible to colonization by respiratory and opportunistic pathogens since the first hours of hospitalization.
Pain on arteriovenous fistula cannulation: A narrative review
Authors: Kosmadakis George , Amara Ibrahim , Costel Ghania 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPain on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cannulation is a rather persistent problem in the daily hemodialysis practice. Its prevalence varies from 12% to even 80% depending on the definition and the pain‐assessment tools and it affects the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. It is associated with fear of the cannulation process, the decision of hemodialysis from an AVF and sometimes the hemodialysis itself. In this narrative review, we tried to tackle the extent of the problem and to present the available published solutions. The literature suggests a large array of methods based on the application of local anesthetic creams, application of cold or hot directly on the cannulation sites or on the contralateral arm, cannulation techniques and AVF localization, distraction as well as alternative treatments. All of them have shown a relative success. There is a serious lack of large multicenter randomized trials and a gap concerning work groups and guidelines or recommendations from national or international societies on this matter. Complementary training starting from the predialysis patient education programs may be useful. Alternative prophylactic measures including counseling, hypnosis, or other physicochemical interventions could also improve our knowledge on the treatment of this seriously uncomfortable condition.
The mediating role of attention control in the link between multitasking with social media and academic performances among adolescents
Authors: Kokoç Mehmet 
Published: May 2021

Prevalence of using social media services while learning, studying and doing homework is increasing rapidly among adolescents in the digital age. Although there is evidence for negative consequences of multitasking with social media, little is known about impact of social media multitasking from perspective attention control of self‐regulation. This study examined the mediating role of attention control as a component of self‐regulation in the link between social media multitasking and academic performances in a sample of adolescents who were recruited from high school students (N = 637). A correlational research design was used in the study. To examine study hypothesis, a mediation model was tested using simple mediation analysis in macro PROCESS (model 4). Results have revealed that attention control of self‐regulation mediated the negative relationship between multitasking with social media and academic performances of the students. Multitasking with social media was a negatively significant predictor of academic performance, whereas attention control positively predicted academic performance. It implies that more frequent multitasking behavior with social media had lower attention control and poorer academic performances. The conclusions of the study suggest a critical role for attention control in decreasing negative effect of multitasking with social media on academic performances of adolescents in high school setting. Implications and suggestions for future studies are proposed.
Falling between the cracks: The effect of using different levels of suicide risk exclusion criteria on sample characteristics when recruiting for an online intervention for depression
Authors: Godinho Alexandra , Schell Christina , Cunningham John A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite a strong link between suicide risk and depression, a recent literature review found that many effectiveness studies for online depression interventions exclude individuals at risk of suicide. This study scrutinizes how different suicide risk exclusion criteria impact recruitment rates and final sample characteristics.Materials and MethodsTwo recruitment periods for an online depression intervention trial utilized different suicide risk cutoff exclusion criteria, a one‐point difference on the last item of the Personal Health Questionnaire (i.e., more than 0 (Not at all) vs. more than 1 (Several Days)). Bivariate statistics were used to assess differences in recruitment rates and sample characteristics between these two recruitment periods, while all other eligibility criteria and recruitment strategies remained consistent.ResultsThe recruitment period using the least restrictive suicide risk exclusion criteria yielded twice as many participants; however, recruited sample characteristics did not significantly differ among demographic or clinical characteristics, despite observable trends.DiscussionResearchers should carefully select suicide risk exclusion criteria that balance recruitment rates, study budgets, and sample selection biases, while minimizing participant harm. Moreover, researchers are urged to report suicide risk exclusion rates and consider these exclusions when interpreting results. Limitations of the results are also discussed.
Chronic hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome are associated with risk of tendon injury
Authors: Skovgaard Dorthe , Siersma Volkert D. , Klausen Soren Bering , Visnes Håvard , Haukenes Inger , Bang Christine W. , Bager Peter , Grävare Silbernagel Karin , Gaida Jamie , Magnusson Stig Peter , Kjaer Michael , Couppé Christian 
Published: May 2021

Tendon injury is a considerable problem affecting both physically active and sedentary people. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between markers for metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome) and the risk of developing tendon injuries requiring referral to a hospital. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective study of diabetic and non‐diabetic individuals from the Danish general population with different physical activity levels. The cohort was followed for 3 years via national registers with respect to tendon injuries. Data from 5856 individuals (median age 62 years) were included. The overall incidence of tendon injury in both upper and lower extremities that required an out‐patient or in‐house visit to a hospital was ~5.7/1000 person years. Individuals with elevated HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) even in the prediabetic range (HbA1c>5.7%) had a ~3 times higher risk of tendon injury in the lower extremities only, as compared to individuals with normal HbA1C levels. Hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol>5 mmol/L) increased risk of tendon injury in the upper extremities by ~1.5 times, and individuals with metabolic syndrome had ~2.5 times higher risk of tendon injury in both upper and lower extremities. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time in a large cohort with different physical activity levels that the indicators for metabolic syndrome are a powerful systemic determinant of tendon injury, and two of its components, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, each independently make tendons susceptible for damage and injury.