bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Exploration of Endocytosis of Framework Nucleic Acids
Authors: Tian Tian , Zhang Chengqian , Li Jiang , Liu Yifan , Wang Yue , Ke Xisong , Fan Chunhai , Lei Haozhi , Hao Piliang , Li Qian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEfficient cell internalization of framework nucleic acid nanostructures free of transfection agents provides new opportunities for developing biocompatible and intelligent nanoprobes and drug delivery carriers. Here, a proteomic identification method to screen target proteins that interact with tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) during the process of endocytosis by combining drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) techniques, is reported. It is found that that caveolin‐1 (CAV1) and macropinocytosis‐related protein sorting nexin5 (SNX5) are associated with the endocytosis of TNDs, which is further validated by microscale thermophoresis (MST) analysis. CAV1‐ and SNX5‐ knockout experiments reveal that both caveolae‐mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis mediate the cellular uptake of TDNs, which complement previous findings with fluorescence tracing methods. This method provides a generic strategy to analyze cellular internalization process of DNA nanostructures for biomedical applications.
Influence of Wet–Dry Cycling on the Self‐Assembly and Physicochemical Properties of Model Protocellular Membrane Systems
Authors: Sarkar Susovan , Dagar Shikha , Rajamani Sudha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWet‐dry cycles are hypothesized to facilitate fundamental steps towards the emergence of life on prebiotic Earth. Multiple wet–dry cycles have been demonstrated to promote biopolymer formation. However, the effect of recurring wet‐dry cycles on the self‐assembly and physicochemical properties of model protocellular membranes remains somewhat obscure. Towards this end, we evaluated the structural and chemical stability of composite model protocell membrane systems composed of single chain amphiphiles, under wet‐dry cycles. The change in membrane properties, size and encapsulation was also investigated. Model protocellular membrane systems were found to reassemble into vesicles even over multiple cycling. Wet‐dry cycling induced compositional changes in the membranes, leading to changes in their physicochemical properties. Multiple cycles were also found to increase vesicular encapsulation of calcein. This work outlines how wet‐dry cycling on the early Earth could have helped in the formation of protocellular entities and their evolution on prebiotic Earth.
Enhanced volatile fatty acids accumulation in anaerobic digestion through arresting methanogenesis by using hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xu Yanran , He Zhen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVolatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be accumulated as a final product of anaerobic digestion via arresting methanogenesis. Herein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied to inhibit methanogenesis for enhancing VFA accumulation with glucose as a substrate. The addition of 0.06 wt.% H2O2 significantly reduced methane production and led to a VFAs concentration of 1233.1 ± 55.9 mg L−1, much higher than 429.3 ± 5.6 mg L−1 in the control that did not have H2O2 addition. The dominated VFAs with H2O2 were acetic acid and propionic acid. A low H2O2 dosage of 0.03 wt.% produced 466.3 ± 3.9 mg L−1 more VFAs than that of O2 addition at the similar (theoretical) dosage, but when the dosage was relatively higher, the VFA accumulation with O2 addition became more than that with H2O2 addition, likely because of stronger oxidation of VFAs by the overly added H2O2. A hypothetical mechanism for H2O2 inhibition suggests that at a low H2O2 concentration the inhibition is mainly toward methanogenesis to limit their consumption of VFAs and a high H2O2 concentration starts to inhibit hydrolysis and acidogenesis and/or oxidize VFAs. Those results encourage further exploration of H2O2‐based arresting methanogenesis for VFAs production.
The World Bank and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Davis Shelton H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of the World Bank policy on indigenous people. In 1982, the World Bank issued a brief operational policy statement which outlined procedures for protecting the rights of so-called “tribal people” in Bank-financed development projects. Experience has shown, the World Bank directive stated, “that, unless special measures are adopted, tribal people are more likely to be harmed than helped by development projects that are intended for beneficiaries other than themselves. Therefore, whenever tribal peoples may be affected, the design of projects should include measures or components necessary to safeguard their interests, and, whenever feasible, to enhance their well-being.” This protectionist approach emerged from the Bank’s experiences primarily in Latin America where there are well-rooted historical and legal antecedents. Over time, however, the Bank’s approach has evolved to reflect the diversity of indigenous cultures, with more of an emphasis on informed engagement and expanding access to benefits from development rather than on protection alone.
Social Sciences at the World Bank and the Broadening of the Development Paradigm
Authors: Serageldin Ismail 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI joined the World Bank in 1972 as a ‘Young Professional’, recruited right after my graduate studies at Harvard. Over the years the Bank entrusted me with diverse jobs and responsibilities, mostly in the Middle East and Africa regions, regarded as the most difficult. This broad spectrum of assignments exposed me to many types of the Bank’s activities, each one a school for understanding complexity and a place of experiential enrichment.
Geografische Analysen für evidenzbasierte Public-Health-Interventionen: Das Beispiel Identifikation und Typisierung von Risikoclustern für Masern, Mumps und Röteln
Authors: Völker Sebastian , Hammerschmidt Reinhard , Spura Anke 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Idealerweise sollten Gesundheitsangebote und -maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Impfquoten auf lokale Zielpopulationen, z. B. in räumlichen Clustern, zugeschnitten werden. Bisher wurden räumliche Cluster der Unterimmunisierung jedoch kaum beachtet und auf Basis kleinräumiger Daten typisiert.

Ziel der Arbeit
Anhand des Beispiels der Impfung gegen Masern, Mumps und Röteln (MMR) bei Kindern sollen in der vorliegenden Studie 1. die räumliche Verteilung nicht ausreichender MMR-Impfungen in Westfalen-Lippe kleinräumig identifiziert, 2. spezifische, räumliche Risikocluster mit nicht ausreichendem Impfschutz aufgezeigt und 3. räumlich-nachbarschaftliche Einflussfaktoren der unterschiedlichen Risikocluster als Ansatzpunkte für Public-Health-Interventionen beschrieben werden.

Material und Methoden
Grundlage waren Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe (KVWL). Es wurden Geburtsjahrgangskohorten 2013–2016 von gesetzlich versicherten Kindern gebildet und auf Postleitzahlenebene (n = 410) aggregiert. Es wurden statistisch signifikante, räumlich kompakte Cluster und relative Risiken (RR) der Unterimmunisierung identifiziert. Lokale Risikomodelle wurden in binär logistischen Regressionen auf Basis von räumlich-nachbarschaftlichen Variablen geschätzt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Für die Impfquoten „mindestens eine MMR-Impfung“ und „beide MMR-Impfungen“ wurden jeweils 2 signifikante Cluster der Unterimmunisierung identifiziert. Signifikante Risikofaktoren für niedrige Impfquoten umfassten Altersstruktur, sozioökonomische Variablen, Einwohnerdichte, medizinische Versorgung und Werthaltung. Die vorgeschlagene Methodik ist geeignet, räumliche Variationen des Impfverhaltens auf Basis der identifizierten Typologien für gezielte evidenzbasierte Interventionen zu beschreiben.
Implementation of evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention interventions: theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for decision-making and the transfer process
Authors: Schloemer Tamara , De Bock Freia , Schröder-Bäck Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence-based health promotion and disease prevention require incorporating evidence of the effectiveness of interventions into policy and practice. With the entry into force of the German Act to Strengthen Health Promotion and Prevention (PrävG), interventions that take place in people’s everyday living environments have gained in importance. Decision-makers need to assess whether an evidence-based intervention is transferable to their specific target context. The Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) recommends that transferability of an intervention should be clarified before any decision to implement it. Furthermore, transferability needs to be finally determined after an evaluation in the target context. In this article, we elaborate on theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for health promotion and disease prevention based on the Population–Intervention–Environment–Transfer Models of Transferability (PIET-T). We discuss how decision-makers can anticipate transferability prior to the intervention transfer with the help of transferability criteria and how they can take transferability into account in the further process. This includes the steps of the analysis of a health problem and identification of effective interventions, the steps of the initial transferability assessment and identification of the need for adaptation, and the steps of the implementation and evaluation. Considering transferability is a complex task that comes with challenges. But it offers opportunities to select a suitable intervention for a target context and, in the transfer process, to understand the conditions under which the intervention works in this context. This knowledge helps to establish an evidence base, which is practically relevant.
Familial Non‐Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Pediatric Age: Our Surgical Experience
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Piccolotti Irene , Bertocchini Alessia , Morganti Riccardo , Materazzi Gabriele , Tonacchera Massimo , Strambi Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the article was to evaluate the existence of significant clinical, pathological and prognostic differences between familial and sporadic form of pediatric non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma, in order to tailor the therapeutic strategy to be adopted for patients with family history.MethodsWe analyzed the records of 76 pediatric patients that underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer from 2014 to 2019 at the Surgical Pathology Department of the University of Pisa, Italy. Among these, 20 (26,3%) had positive family history (familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma—FNMTC group) while 56 (73.7%) were affected by sporadic forms (sporadic non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma—SNMTC group).ResultsIn our study, the correlation between the FNMTC and the SNMTC group showed no difference in terms of tumor features like multifocality, bilaterality, capsular/extracapsular invasion and the presence of vascular emboli. A statistical significance, on the other hand, was revealed by observation of clinical outcomes, such as distant metastasis (p = 0,022), persistence of disease (p = 0,054) and necessity of radioiodine sessions (p = 0,005).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that family history may have an independent role on the outcome, expressing its action through an intrinsic more aggressive biological behavior. Therefore, familial non‐medullary thyroid carcinoma in children represents a nosological entity that requires an accurate pre‐operative evaluation, an adequate surgical strategy and a careful follow up.
Altersepilepsie
Authors: Rohracher Alexandra , Trinka Eugen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEpilepsien stellen nach Demenzen und Schlaganfall die dritthäufigste neurologische Krankheitsgruppe bei älteren Menschen dar. Die Inzidenz der Epilepsien steigt im Alter, sodass aufgrund demografischer Entwicklungen in den kommenden Jahren mit einer weiteren Zunahme älterer Patienten mit Epilepsie zu rechnen ist. Die häufigsten Ursachen der Altersepilepsie stellen zerebrovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Demenzen dar. Anfälle bei älteren Menschen werden oft spät erkannt. Das Auftreten eines Status epilepticus ist bei älteren Patienten häufiger und mit erhöhter Morbidität und Letalität vergesellschaftet. Die medikamentöse Behandlung älterer Patienten wird durch Komorbiditäten und Polypharmazie erschwert, wobei Antiepileptika mit geringem Interaktionsprofil und guter Verträglichkeit zur Behandlung der Altersepilepsie gewählt werden sollten. Levetiracetam und Lamotrigin sind aufgrund geringer Interaktionen und guter Verträglichkeit Antiepileptika erster Wahl beim älteren Patienten.
NSD3-NUTM1-rearranged carcinoma of the median neck/thyroid bed developing after recent thyroidectomy for sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia: report of an extraordinary case
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Tögel Lars , Stoehr Robert , Meidenbauer Norbert , Semrau Sabine , Hartmann Arndt , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is an exceedingly rare low-grade thyroid malignancy of unknown histogenesis. NUT carcinoma is another rare, highly aggressive neoplasm with predilection for the midline, defined by recurrent NUTM1 fusions. The bromodomain family genes (BRD4 or BRD3) and rarely NSD3, ZNF532, or others are known fusion partners. We describe an extraordinary case of a 42-year-old female with a thyroid SMECE treated by thyroidectomy and neck dissection. She presented 6 months later with extensive midline recurrence encasing/compressing the trachea. Biopsy revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma with abrupt squamous differentiation, suggestive of NUT carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of monoclonal NUT antibody. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed the NSD3-NUTM1 fusion in the NUT carcinoma, but not in the SMECE. This unique case highlights unusual sequential origin of two exceptionally rare entities at same anatomic site and underlines the necessity of sampling unexpectedly aggressive recurrences of otherwise indolent malignancies.
The rate and associated risk factors for acute carpal tunnel syndrome complicating a fracture of the distal radius
Authors: Leow Jun Min , Clement Nicholas D. , McQueen Margaret M. , Duckworth Andrew D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS) is a known complication of distal radius fractures. This study aimed to document the demographics, range of presenting symptoms and risk factors of patients who develop ACTS following a fracture of the distal radius.MethodsA retrospective review of 1189 patients with an acute distal radius fracture treated in the study centre over a one-year period were identified. Demographic and clinical variables were collected and compared between controls (did not develop ACTS) and those patients who did develop ACTS to identify factors associated with developing ACS.ResultsThere were 51 (4.3%) distal radius fractures complicated by ACTS. The mean age of patients who developed ACTS was 56 years (range, 16–89) and 73% were female. The median time of onset post-injury was one week (range, 1–12). There was no association between patient background and comorbidities with the development of ACTS. AO-OTA Type C fractures had significantly increased rates of developing ACTS.ConclusionFour percent of distal radius fractures were complicated by ACTS. There was no association between patient background and comorbidities with the development of ACTS. AO-OTA type C complete articular fractures had a significantly higher rate of ACTS. A suggested treatment algorithm for patients presenting with ACTS has been presented.Level of evidence:III.
Clinical usefulness of eribulin as first- or second-line chemotherapy for recurrent HER2-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase II study (JBCRG-19)
Authors: Aogi Kenjiro , Watanabe Kenichi , Kitada Masahiro , Sangai Takafumi , Ohtani Shoichiro , Aruga Tomoyuki , Kawaguchi Hidetoshi , Fujisawa Tomomi , Maeda Shigeto , Morimoto Takashi , Sato Nobuaki , Takao Shintaro , Morita Satoshi , Masuda Norikazu , Toi Masakazu , Ohno Shinji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Anthracycline (A) or taxane T-based regimens are the standard early-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (BC). A previous study has shown a survival benefit of eribulin in heavily pretreated advanced/recurrent BC patients. The present study aimed to compare the benefit of eribulin with treatment of physician’s choice (TPC) as first- or second-line chemotherapy for recurrent HER2-negative BC.

Methods
Patients with recurrent HER2-negative BC previously receiving anthracycline and taxane AT-based chemotherapy in the adjuvant or first-line setting were eligible for this open-label, randomized, parallel-group study. Patients were randomized 1:1 by the minimization method to receive either eribulin (1.4 mg/m2 on day one and eight of each 21-day cycle) or TPC (paclitaxel, docetaxel, nab-paclitaxel or vinorelbine) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included time to treatment failure (TTF), overall response rate (ORR), duration of response, and safety (UMIN000009886).

Results
Between May 2013 and January 2017, 58 patients were randomized, 57 of whom (26 eribulin and 31 TPC) were analyzed for efficacy. The median PFS was 6.6 months with eribulin versus 4.2 months with TPC (hazard ratio: 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–1.30], p = 0.276). Median TTF was 6.0 months with eribulin versus 3.6 months with TPC (hazard ratio: 0.66 [95% CI, 0.39–1.14], p = 0.136). Other endpoints were also similar between groups. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse event was neutropenia (22.2% with eribulin versus 16.1% with TPC).

Conclusions
Eribulin seemed to improve PFS or TTF compared with TPC without statistical significance. Further validation studies are needed.
Evaluation of flood damage reduction throughout Japan from adaptation measures taken under a range of emissions mitigation scenarios
Authors: Yamamoto Tao , Kazama So , Touge Yoshiya , Yanagihara Hayata , Tada Tsuyoshi , Yamashita Takeshi , Takizawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on flood damage and the effects of mitigation measures and combinations of multiple adaptation measures in reducing flood damage. The inundation depth was calculated using a two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The flood damage cost was estimated from the unit evaluation value set for each land use and prefectures and the calculated inundation depth distribution. To estimate the flood damage in the near future and the late twenty-first century, five global climate models were used. These models provided daily precipitation, and the change of the extreme precipitation was calculated. In addition to the assessment of the impacts of climate change, certain adaptation measures (land-use control, piloti building, and improvement of flood control level) were discussed, and their effects on flood damage cost reduction were evaluated. In the case of the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario, the damage cost in the late twenty-first century will increase to 57% of that in the late twentieth century. However, if mitigation measures were to be undertaken according to RCP2.6 standards, the increase of the flood damage cost will stop, and the increase of the flood damage cost will be 28% of that in the late twentieth century. By implementing adaptation measures in combination rather than individually, it is possible to keep the damage cost in the future period even below that in the late twentieth century. By implementing both mitigation and adaptation measures, it is possible to reduce the flood damage cost in the late twenty-first century to 69% of that in the late twentieth century.
Feature extraction by grammatical evolution for one-class time series classification
Authors: Mauceri Stefano , Sweeney James , Nicolau Miguel , McDermott James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen dealing with a new time series classification problem, modellers do not know in advance which features could enable the best classification performance. We propose an evolutionary algorithm based on grammatical evolution to attain a data-driven feature-based representation of time series with minimal human intervention. The proposed algorithm can select both the features to extract and the sub-sequences from which to extract them. These choices not only impact classification performance but also allow understanding of the problem at hand. The algorithm is tested on 30 problems outperforming several benchmarks. Finally, in a case study related to subject authentication, we show how features learned for a given subject are able to generalise to subjects unseen during the extraction phase.
Composite Indicators to Measure Quality of Working Life in Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stefana Elena , Marciano Filippo , Rossi Diana , Cocca Paola , Tomasoni Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last two decades, Quality of Working Life (QWL) has become a core element of the European social model and the European Employment Strategy. “More and better jobs” is a strategic goal promoted within Europe for emphasising the attention in QWL. However, there is a large debate in the literature on the definition of QWL, its dimensions, and consequently on the methods to use for its measurement. To the best of our knowledge, the systematic reviews currently available in the literature on QWL measurement in European organisations investigate only a particular industry and/or working population. Moreover, they do not focus specifically on composite indicators, although they appear promising in facilitating QWL understanding and comparisons for supporting decision-makers and policy makers. To overcome these gaps, we conducted a systematic review to identify composite indicators for measuring QWL in European organisations. The review returned 19 studies that are analysed based on a set of factors related to QWL locutions, index name, geographical area, industry or population, level of analysis, dimensions, type of data, inputs, outputs, and test and/or validation. The results highlight a significant heterogeneity among the indicators, confirming the lack of an agreed upon QWL composite indicator for Europe. Such heterogeneity concerns also QWL dimensions. A critical comparison of the different composite indicators is provided, along with a unifying proposal of QWL macro-dimensions. Several gaps in the literature are pointed out suggesting directions for future research.
Well done (for someone of your gender)! Experimental evidence of teachers’ stereotype-based shifting standards for test grading and elaborated feedback
Authors: Schuster Carolin , Narciss Susanne , Bilz Jessica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn three experiments (Ns = 327/137/210), we investigated whether test grades and elaborated feedback in a stereotypically male (Math) and a stereotypically female subject (German) are biased by the student’s gender. For this purpose, pre-service teachers graded and provided written feedback on tests which were allegedly from boys or girls. In addition, participants’ belief in stereotypes was measured in Study 1 and 2 and manipulated in Study 3 to test its moderating role. A meta-analysis across the three studies confirmed the following pattern: a small to moderate stereotype-contrasting grading bias, if the evaluators endorsed stereotypes, but no bias if they did not. Tests from the gender that, according to the stereotype, is weaker in the domain, were graded better. Study 1 and 3 further showed that the supposedly weaker gender received more elaborated feedback. The results are discussed in terms of shifting standards and previous findings in gender bias in school.