bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying women at risk of weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis: Results from a cohort of Australian women
Authors: Pumpa Kate L. , Dalton Jennifer , Mara Jocelyn K. , Zhang Yanping , Yip Desmond 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIssues addressedThis study aimed to identify risk factors associated with weight gain post a diagnosis of breast cancer in a cohort of Australian women.MethodsIn this retrospective clinical audit, objectively measured weight, age and menopause status, treatment type/s, grade, stage, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (PR) status were extracted for 73 breast cancer patients from an ongoing breast cancer treatment quality assurance project. Weight gain or loss was classified as a body mass increase or decrease of ≥5% of weight at diagnosis.ResultsWhen compared to weight at diagnosis, 57% of patients maintained, 22% gained, and 21% lost weight at 24 months post‐diagnosis. Factors associated with weight gain were a diagnosis of grade II (P < .001) or grade III (P < .001) compared to grade I breast cancer, and refusal of radiotherapy (P < .001). Factors associated with weight loss were being postmenopausal compared to premenopausal (P = .033), PR positive compared to PR negative (P < .001), refusal of chemotherapy (P < .001) and radiotherapy recommended (P < .001).ConclusionsThe maintenance of weight in a majority of women in this cohort is a novel finding. Early identification of women at risk of weight gain post a breast cancer diagnosis can assist health professionals identify, and therefore assisting patients in the prevention and management of weight gain and associated sequela. Investigating the weight‐related communications between a patient and specialist, their access to allied health professionals and social support may assist in understanding the overall positive changes in this cohort.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Abedzadeh‐Kalahroudi Masoumeh , Sehat Mojtaba , Vahedpour Zahra , Talebian Parisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection.MethodsA cohort study was conducted on 56 pregnant women with COVID‐19 and 94 healthy pregnant women during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Iran. Two groups were followed until childbirth. Demographic and obstetric information, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiographic findings of the patients, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were gathered by a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe two groups were similar in terms of maternal age, gravida, parity, and co‐morbidities (P > 0.05). The rate of cesarean delivery in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.027; relative risk [RR] =2.23). Pre‐eclampsia was seen in 19.8% of the exposed group and 7.4% of the control group (P = 0.037; RR = 2.68). The rate of preterm labor in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.003; RR = 2.70). Fetal distress was seen in 16.1% of the exposed group and 4.3% of the control group (P = 0.016; RR = 3.84).ConclusionPregnant women with COVID‐19 had an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia, preterm labor, and cesarean delivery. Their fetal and neonatal outcomes were fetal distress, newborn prematurity, and low Apgar score.
Molybdenum‐based materials for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Yu , Wang Yichun , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are considered one of the most promising candidates for affordable and scalable energy storage as required in smart grid and renewable energy. One of the principal challenges sodium‐ion batteries being faced is to search suitable anode materials that can accommodate and store large amounts of Na+ ions reversibly and sustainably at reasonable galvanostatic rates. Molybdenum‐based materials such as oxides and sulfides might meet this challenge as they afford a capacity much greater than those of the carbonaceous materials and exhibit rich Na‐reaction chemistry. However, these materials are facing several technical issues, such as multiple‐phase transformation, particle pulverization as the result of volume swelling, and low surface activity during sodiation/desodiation. To tackle these issues, materials design and engineering are of indispensability. In this brief review, we present a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the research progress of molybdenum‐based materials for sodium storage, and highlight materials engineering strategies that are capable of addressing the mentioned challenges. We also offer valuable insights into their further development direction and discuss their potentiality in practical batteries.image
Effects of the phenotypic polarization state of human leukocytes on the optical absorbance spectrum
Authors: de Brito Sousa Kaline , de Fátima Teixeira da Silva Daniela , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro , Garcia Mónica Pereira , de Oliveira Rodini Carolina , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Hamblin Michael R , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Nunes Fabio Daumas , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the optical absorbance spectrum of human monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes polarized, or not, to the inflammatory or immunoregulatory phenotypes. Peripheral human blood leukocytes were isolated and polarized (10 ng/mL) with LPS or IL‐4 + LPS for 2 hours. After polarization, cells were washed and incubated for an additional 24 hours (monocytes and lymphocytes) or 12 hours (neutrophils). Next, cells were collected to evaluate the optical absorbance spectrum. The three types of leukocytes exhibited absorbance in the region from 450 to 900 nm, with greater absorbance at wavelengths lower than 570 nm. Lymphocytes had a second region of greater absorbance between 770 and 900 nm. Inflammatory monocytes and lymphocytes showed increased absorbance of blue, green and yellow wavelengths (monocytes), as well as red and infrared wavelengths (monocytes and lymphocytes). Immunoregulatory polarization altered the absorbance of monocytes and lymphocytes very little. Neutrophils treated with LPS or LPS + IL‐4 exhibited lower absorbance at wavelengths higher than 575 nm compared to untreated cells. The present findings showed that leukocytes exhibit greater absorbance in regions of the spectrum that have not been much used in photobiomodulation (PBM), and the polarization of these cells can affect their capacity to absorb light. Taken together, these results suggest new perspectives in the use of PBM in the clinical setting depending on the wavelengths and the stage of the inflammatory process.
High throughput slanted scanning whole slide imaging system for digital pathology
Authors: Li Ning , Lv Tao , Sun Yulin , Liu Xiuli , Zeng Shaoqun , Lv Xiaohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn whole slide imaging (WSI), normally only a one layer imaging of the slide is performed. Autofocus at multiple positions is usually required. But defocus blur still exists due to tissue folding or specimen thickness. Repeated Z‐stack scan be applied here, which, however, is too time consuming. Here, a high throughput slanted scanning WSI system is reported. In this system, the slide surface was slanted 1° relative to the focal plane. Thus, the focal plane spanned multiple layers of the sample. By moving the slide, multi‐layer image data of the sample can be acquired simultaneously at a time frame comparable to conventional 1‐layer imaging. With image fusion, defocus blur can be avoided. High quality and fast imaging of both cytological and histological slide specimens was demonstrated without applying aberration correction. The system can be a highly efficient way for the application of WSI in digital pathology.
Dentists of tomorrow 2020: An analysis of the results of the 2020 ADEA Survey of U.S. Dental School Seniors
Authors: Istrate Emilia C. , Slapar Franc J. , Mallarapu Monisha , Stewart Denice C.L. , West Karen P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThis study examines the journey of U.S. dental schools’ predoctoral senior class of 2020, from the influences on and their motivations to pursue careers in dentistry, aspects of their dental school experiences, to plans upon graduation and the investment in their careers.MethodsThe study is an analysis of the results of the ADEA Survey of Dental School Seniors, 2020 Graduating Class. Each year, ADEA surveys senior predoctoral students from the accredited U.S. dental schools. Whenever feasible, the answers of the survey respondents from the 2020 class were compared with their 2015 counterparts.ResultsThe analysis revealed that 46% of the 2020 respondents decided to become a dentist before going to undergraduate college, more than the proportion of those deciding while in college (42%). When it comes to preparedness to practice dentistry, the responses indicated a high level of readiness to go into the profession. Seventy‐seven percent of survey participants reported the COVID‐19 pandemic did not affect their plans after graduation. Between 2015 and 2020, the share of survey respondents who planned to go into advanced dental education immediately after graduation increased from 35% to 40%. Almost a third of the 2020 respondents who planned to go into private practice immediately upon graduation intended to join a Dental Service Organization (DSO). Grants and scholarships represented a higher share of the average funding for dental education for the 2020 respondents than five years ago. The share of respondents expecting to graduate without any loans to finance their dental degrees and predental education (educational debt) increased significantly, from 12% in 2015 to 17% in 2020.Conclusion(s)This research shows that during these uncertain times, U.S. dental schools continued their mission to train and graduate oral health professionals fully prepared to go into the profession.
Impact of COVID‐19 on advanced dental education: Perspectives of dental residents in Wuhan
Authors: Zhao Dan , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Tao , Du Mingyu , Yang Qian , Li Zhiyong , Fouad Ashraf F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) from the perspectives of dental residents in Wuhan, the former COVID‐19 epicenter of China.MethodsA survey form was sent to 424 residents in the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University (WHUSS) in September 2020. The form included 23 questions on demographics, study situation of residents during the COVID‐19 outbreak, effect of COVID‐19 on graduates, and status of residents who returned to clinic training.ResultsA total of 361 (85%) survey forms were collected. Over 70% of respondents felt anxious during Wuhan lockdown. Most respondents continued studying (94%) mainly through free online resources (79%). The majority reported improvement in didactic knowledge (80%), but the respondents’ perceptions of their clinical skills, especially those in Wuhan, did not change (41%) or worsened (40%) (p < 0.05). Most graduates (88%) reported having found jobs or continued study. Among the 209 responders who returned to clinical training, 52% felt no concern about COVID‐19 infection, 89% thought they were equipped with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), and 57% indicated that they received sufficient knowledge for preventing COVID‐19 in clinic. Most respondents agreed that the way to gain the knowledge for preventing COVID‐19 in clinic was training at dental school (93%).ConclusionAlthough online study has been appreciated by residents, concern about clinical skill learning in the COVID‐19 hardest‐hit area has arisen. Most graduates felt that the impact of COVID‐19 on their immediate postgraduation career was limited. Teaching about infection control in dental schools seemed effective to develop a positive attitude for residents after they returned to clinical training.
Agricultural soils of the Animas River watershed after the Gold King Mine spill: An elemental spatiotemporal analysis via portable X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Jha Gaurav , Mukhopadhyay Swagata , Ulery April L. , Lombard Kevin , Chakraborty Somsubhra , Weindorf David C. , VanLeeuwen Dawn , Brungard Colby 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn August 2015, 11.3 million L of heavy metal–contaminated water spilled into the Animas River from the Gold King Mine (Colorado, USA). National attention focused on water quality and agricultural production in areas affected by the spill. In response to local concerns, surface soil elemental concentrations were analyzed in three New Mexico agricultural fields to determine potential threats to agronomic production. Irrigated fields in the Animas watershed were scanned using portable X‐ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to monitor the spatiotemporal variability of Pb, As, Cu, and Cr. A total of 175 locations were scanned using PXRF before and after the growing season for 3 yr. The geostatistical model with the lowest RMSE was chosen as the optimal model. The lowest RMSE for the elements ranged from to 0.10 to 0.44 m for As, from 0.50 to 0.98 m for Cr, from 0.15 to 0.91 m for Cu, and from 0.14 to 0.44 m for Pb across the models selected. The spatial dependence between the measured values exhibited strong to moderate autocorrelation for all metals except for As, for which spatial dependence was strong to weak. Some areas in each field exceeded the New Mexico Environment Department soil screening limit of 7.07 mg As kg–1. All sampling locations were below the screening limit at last sampling time in 2019. Mixed models used for temporal analysis showed a significant decrease only in As below the screening value at the end of the study. Results indicate that the agricultural soils were below the soil screening guideline values.
Vascular disorders of the gallbladder and bile ducts: Imaging findings
Authors: Hui Cathryn L , Loo Zhou Yaw 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVascular disorders of the gallbladder and biliary tree are many and varied. In the acute setting, the clinical presentation of vascular conditions such as hemorrhagic cholecystitis and gangrenous cholecystitis are non‐specific and rely on imaging for diagnosis and triaging for emergent surgery. These hemorrhagic and ischemic complications of acute cholecystitis are uncommon but potentially fatal. Hemorrhage into the gallbladder and biliary tree, from other causes, may itself result in acute cholecystitis. Knowledge of vascular anatomy of the gallbladder and biliary tree is essential for surgeons to prevent significant operative bleeding complications, particularly in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The unique venous drainage of the gallbladder and biliary tree, with their connections to the portal venous system, lends itself to less well‐recognised vascular phenomena such as gallbladder varices, portal biliopathy, and gallbladder bed perfusion abnormalities.
Comparison of Carotid Plaque Characteristics Between Men and Women Using Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging: A Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation Study
Authors: Zhang Lichen , Zhu Lina , Lu Mingming , Zhao Xihai , Li Feiyu , Cai Jianming , Yuan Chun ,   CARE‐II investigators
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCarotid vulnerable plaque is a major cause of stroke and differs between men and women. Few studies have investigated the differences in carotid plaque features between sexes in a Chinese population.PurposeTo compare carotid atherosclerotic plaque features between men and women in a Chinese population using magnetic resonance imaging.Study typeCross‐sectional.SubjectsA total of 567 patients (mean age: 61.5 ± 10.1 years; 404 men) who had recent stroke or transient ischemia attack and atherosclerotic plaque in at least one carotid artery.Field strengthA 3.0 T.SequenceT1‐ and T2‐weighted turbo spin echo, three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight (TOF) fast field echo and magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequences.AssessmentPlaque characteristics including lumen area (LA), wall area (WA), total vessel area (TVA), mean wall thickness (MWT), and mean normalized wall index (NWI); presence of calcification, lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and fibrous cap rupture (FCR); and percent composition area (%area) were evaluated and compared between men and women.Statistical testsIndependent‐sample t test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, and multiple linear and logistic regressions.ResultsIn symptomatic arteries, men had significantly greater LA (46.2 ± 15.6 mm2 vs. 40.7 ± 12.9 mm2, P < 0.05), WA (33.9 ± 11.5 mm2 vs. 26.3 ± 7.5 mm2, P < 0.05), and TVA (80.1 ± 20.4 mm2 vs. 67.0 ± 18.0 mm2, P < 0.05); higher MWT (1.2 ± 0.4 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.05); and higher prevalence of LRNC (72.3% vs. 46.0%, P < 0.05) and IPH (18.6% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.05) compared with women. In asymptomatic arteries, men had significantly greater LA (48.3 ± 16.9 mm2 vs. 42.1 ± 12.6 mm2, P < 0.05), WA (32.9 ± 11.0 mm2 vs. 25.8 ± 6.1 mm2, P < 0.05), and TVA (81.2 ± 22.1 mm2 vs. 67.9 ± 16.5 mm2, P < 0.05); higher MWT (1.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.05); higher prevalence of LRNC (67.8% vs. 42.9%, P < 0.05), IPH (14.9% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.05), and FCR (6.4% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.05); and higher %LRNC area (24.8 ± 17.2% vs. 17.8 ± 14.1%, P < 0.05) compared with women.Data conclusionMen have similar plaque burden but more vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques compared with women in both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid arteries in a Chinese population.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Site‐specific identification and validation of hepatic histone nitration in vivo: Implications for alcohol‐induced liver injury
Authors: Kriss Crystina L. , Duro Nalvi , Nadeau Owen W. , Guergues Jennifer , Chavez‐Chiang Omar , Culver‐Cochran Ashley E. , Chaput Dale , Varma Sameer , Stevens Stanley M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxidative and nitrative stress have been implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying a variety of biological processes and disease states including cancer, aging, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, diabetes, and alcohol‐induced liver injury. One marker of nitrative stress is the formation of 3‐nitrotyrosine, or protein tyrosine nitration (PTN), which has been observed during inflammation and tissue injury; however, the role of PTN in the progression or possibly the pathogenesis of disease is still unclear. We show in a model of alcohol‐induced liver injury that an increase in PTN occurs in hepatocyte nuclei within the liver of wild‐type male C57BL/6J mice following chronic ethanol exposure (28 days). High‐resolution mass spectrometric analysis of isolated hepatic nuclei revealed several novel sites of tyrosine nitration on histone proteins. Histone nitration sites were validated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of representative synthetic nitropeptides equivalent in sequence to the respective nitrotyrosine sites identified in vivo. We further investigated the potential structural impact of the novel histone H3 Tyr41 (H3Y41) nitration site identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulations of the nitrated and non‐nitrated forms of histone H3Y41 showed significant structural changes at the DNA interface upon H3Y41 nitration. The results from this study suggest that, in addition to other known post‐translational modifications that occur on histone proteins (e.g., acetylation and methylation), PTN could induce chromatin structural changes, possibly affecting gene transcription processes associated with the development of alcohol‐induced liver injury.
Three‐dimensional multi‐gene expression maps reveal cell fate changes associated with laterality reversal of zebrafish habenula
Authors: Wang Guo‐Tzau , Pan He‐Yen , Lang Wei‐Han , Yu Yuan‐Ding , Hsieh Chang‐Huain , Kuan Yung‐Shu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe conserved bilateral habenular nuclei (HA) in vertebrate diencephalon develop into compartmentalized structures containing neurons derived from different cell lineages. Despite extensive studies demonstrated that zebrafish larval HA display distinct left–right (L‐R) asymmetry in gene expression and connectivity, the spatial gene expression domains were mainly obtained from two‐dimensional (2D) snapshots of colorimetric RNA in situ hybridization staining which could not properly reflect different HA neuronal lineages constructed in three‐dimension (3D). Combing the tyramide‐based fluorescent mRNA in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy and customized imaging processing procedures, we have created spatial distribution maps of four genes for 4‐day‐old zebrafish and in sibling fish whose L‐R asymmetry was spontaneously reversed. 3D volumetric analyses showed that ratios of cpd2, lov, ron, and nrp1a expression in L‐R reversed HA were reversed according to the parapineal positions. However, the quantitative changes of gene expression in reversed larval brains do not mirror the gene expression level in the obverse larval brains. There were a total 87.78% increase in lov+nrp1a+ and a total 12.45% decrease in lov+ron+ double‐positive neurons when the L‐R asymmetry of HA was reversed. Thus, our volumetric analyses of the 3D maps indicate that changes of HA neuronal cell fates are associated with the reversal of HA laterality. These changes likely account for the behavior changes associated with HA laterality alterations.
A New Benzylated Fatty Acid Amide Amphoteric Surfactant Derived from Hydrogenated Castor Oil with Ultra‐Low Interfacial Tension between Crude Oil and Brine
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Long , Gang Hong‐Ze , Liu Jin‐Feng , Mu Bo‐Zhong , Yang Shi‐Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrogenated castor oil from castor oil is promisingly used as raw materials for lubricants, coatings, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics due to high melting point and stable physical properties. However, the chemical modification of the hydrogenated castor oil has been rarely investigated. Here, we report a N‐phenyl‐fatty‐amido‐1‐propyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐amino‐carboxyl‐betaine surfactant derived from hydrogenated castor oil with excellent interfacial properties through a rapid synthetic process, including direct alkylation, amidation, and quaternization. The interfacial tension between crude oil and brine was ultra‐low for a low dosage of 0.007 g L−1 of surfactant in aqueous solution without any alkali addition, which implies a potential application in enhanced oil recovery.