bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Solution Chemistry of Mixing States Probed via Fluctuations: a Direct Description of Inhomogeneity in Mixing
Authors: Nishikawa Keiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Radial distribution functions are commonly used to represent the structures of solutions, which represent the probability of finding another atom in the shell at a distance r from the atom of interest. This method has been used to study the structures of many non-crystalline materials. However, the information gained in this method is microscopic, and is limited to the first or second nearest neighbors from the featured atom. The present author proposed a completely different method to describe the solution structure by expressing the inhomogeneity in distribution of atoms and molecules and in concentration as “density fluctuation” and “concentration fluctuation”, respectively; namely the structure of a solution is described in terms of the “mixing state” or “mixing scheme.” This paper introduces density fluctuation and concentration fluctuation, as well as Kirkwood-Buff Integrals. Fluctuations of solutions become more pronounced in the mesoscale region. The relationship with solution thermodynamics, which represents the macroscopic limit, is also discussed. The features and cautions of experiments to measure the fluctuations are described. Finally, as analytical examples, temperature and concentration dependences of mixing schemes for two solution systems with upper critical and lower critical solution temperatures are presented.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children—The Arkansas Active Kids Study
Authors: DIAZ EVA C. , WEBER JUDITH L. , ADAMS SEAN H. , YOUNG CATARINA G. , BAI SHASHA , BØRSHEIM ELISABET 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function.

Methods
Children (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak.

Results
CRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only.

Conclusions
Higher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status.
Characterization of a novel variant in the HR1 domain of MFN2 in a patient with ataxia, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Sharma Govinda , Sabouny Rasha , Joel Matthew , Martens Kristina , Martino Davide , de Koning A.P. Jason , Pfeffer Gerald , Shutt Timothy E. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Pathogenic variants in MFN2 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 2A (CMT2A) and are the leading cause of the axonal subtypes of CMT. CMT2A is characterized by predominantly distal motor weakness and muscle atrophy, with highly variable severity and onset age. Notably, some MFN2 variants can also lead to other phenotypes such as optic atrophy, hearing loss and lipodystrophy. Despite the clear link between MFN2 and CMT2A, our mechanistic understanding of how dysfunction of the MFN2 protein causes human disease pathologies remains incomplete. This lack of understanding is due in part to the multiple cellular roles of MFN2. Though initially characterized for its role in mediating mitochondrial fusion, MFN2 also plays important roles in mediating interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Additionally, MFN2 is also important for mitochondrial transport, mitochondrial autophagy, and has even been implicated in lipid transfer. Though over 100 pathogenic MFN2 variants have been described to date, only a few have been characterized functionally, and even then, often only for one or two functions. Method: Several MFN2-mediated functions were characterized in fibroblast cells from a patient presenting with cerebellar ataxia, deafness, blindness, and diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, who harbours a novel homozygous MFN2 variant, D414V, which is found in a region of the HR1 domain of MFN2 where few pathogenic variants occur. Results: We found evidence for impairment of several MFN2-mediated functions. Consistent with reduced mitochondrial fusion, patient fibroblasts exhibited more fragmented mitochondrial networks and had reduced mtDNA copy number. Additionally, patient fibroblasts had reduced oxygen consumption, fewer mitochondrial-ER contacts, and altered lipid droplets that displayed an unusual perinuclear distribution. Conclusion: Overall, this work characterizes D414V as a novel variant in MFN2 and expands the phenotypic presentation of MFN2 variants to include cerebellar ataxia.
A new locality record and distribution of Caluromys derbianus in México
Authors: Pérez-Gracida Luis David , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

En México, el tlacuachillo dorado (Caluromys derbianus) se considera un mamífero raro y amenazado que habita bosques tropicales. En los últimos 10 años, su presencia se ha registrado en 14 localidades, por lo que un nuevo registro contribuye a describir aspectos de su distribución geográfica. El objetivo del estudio fue registrar las características del atropellamiento de un ejemplar de C. derbianus y describir su área de distribución geográfica en México con base en registros históricos y actuales. El día 27 de agosto de 2019 se registró una hembra adulta de C. derbianus atropellada en la localidad de Peñuela, municipio de Amatlán de Los Reyes, Veracruz, México, localidad que se caracteriza por ser un área semiurbana, con presencia de vegetación secundaria y un arroyo tributario del Río Blanco. Este registro, poco habitual por la baja densidad poblacional de la especie, confirma su presencia en una localidad no conocida dentro de su área de distribución potencial y ayuda a entender el efecto de la perturbación y fragmentación del bosque tropical subperennifolio sobre el hábitat de esta especie.
Tunable liquid crystal asymmetric dual-core photonic crystal fiber mode converter
Authors: Mohsen H. Mahmoud Mohamed , Younis B. M. , Areed Nihal F. F. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: July 2021

In this study, a compact mode converter based on an asymmetric dual-core photonic crystal fiber (ADC-PCF) infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) is reported. The full vectorial finite difference method is used to compute the modal characteristics of the studied transverse magnetic (TM) mode. In this investigation, the geometrical and material parameters of the proposed mode converter are studied to achieve high wavelength selectivity with a compact device length. The proposed mode converter has a compact device length of 403.6 µm at

λ
=

1.3

µ

m

. In addition, the reported device is simulated under different temperature levels from 15°C to 45°C to show the thermal tunability. Therefore, the proposed design can be used efficiently in integrated photonic circuits.
Au nanoparticle concentration study in hybrid plasmonic microlasers
Authors: Manzo Maurizio 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the concentration effects of Au nanoparticles placed in dye-doped polymeric spherical microlasers are investigated. The microlasers (average diameter of

∼

293

µ

m

) are made with a mixture of UV curable polymer named Norland Blocking Adhesive (NBA) and Rhodamine 6 G. Four different ratios (between the Au nanoparticles and the NBA solutions) are investigated here, namely, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ratios. The Au nanoparticles (size of

∼

5

n
m

) are randomly scattered within the microlaser. The light is collected via a multimode optical fiber, ending to a spectrometer/CCD camera. It is found that the 3000 ratio case exhibited the lowest energy threshold value and the highest photonic emission slope. The 4000 ratio (lowest concentration) exhibited a behavior that was very similar to a microlasers with no Au particles. In terms of longevity of the laser modes, the 3000 ratio case exhibited the most stable emission, although the laser mode disappeared at an earlier time. The emission of the 2000 ratio case dropped drastically after a few seconds but increased after that before dropping again; in this case, the TE and TM laser modes were found to be in competition with each other due to the partial overlapping of the plasmonic emission with some of the resonant cavity modes and due to the thermal expansion effect. The quality factor was found to be of the same order of magnitude for all cases (

∼

10
4

). Ultimately, this work allows us to select the optimum microlaser’s configuration in terms of Au nanoparticle concentration as well as laser mode emission and longevity for different mechanical and biomedical sensing applications.
Highly precise in-plane displacement sensor based on an asymmetric fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer
Authors: Wang Zihao , Xu Zhilin , Chen Liuyang , Shi Yi , Wang Xiaoyun , Wu Junhui , Fan Ji , Tu Liangcheng 
Published: July 2021

An in-plane displacement sensor based on an asymmetric extrinsic fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) is proposed and demonstrated. The asymmetric EFPI composed of a step-shaped external reflector and a cleaved fiber end face can be equivalent to two parallel FPIs with slightly different cavity lengths. By calculating the peak intensity difference of the two FPIs, the in-plane displacement can be demodulated with enhanced sensitivity and suppressed common mode noise. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results show that the sensitivity and the linear range of the in-plane displacement sensor are dependent on the cavity length. A displacement resolution of 5 nm and a linear range of

±

7

µ

m

under the cavity length of 250 µm are achieved in the experiment. The proposed in-plane displacement sensor with a nanometric resolution and compact size can be widely used in the fields of metrology, accelerometers, and semiconductor manufacture.
Time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy with a single electro-optic modulator
Authors: Huh Jeong Hyun , Chen Zaijun , Vicentini Edoardo , Hänsch Theodor W. , Picqué Nathalie 
Published: July 2021

Time-resolved near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of single non-repeatable transient events is performed at high spectral resolution with a dual-comb interferometer using a continuous-wave laser followed by a single electro-optic amplitude modulator. By sharing high-speed electrical/optical components, our spectrometer greatly simplifies the implementation of dual-comb spectroscopy and offers a high mutual coherence time, measured up to 50 s, without any active stabilization system and/or data processing. The time resolution is as short as 100 µs in our experimental demonstration. For a span of 36 GHz, the mean signal-to-noise ratio of 80, at 100-MHz spectral resolution and 100-µs measurement time, enables precise determination of the parameters of rovibrational lines, including intensity or concentration.
Transiency of postoperative cervical kyphosis seen after surgical correction of sagittal malalignment in adult spinal deformity patients
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Im Sang Kyu , Lim Hae Sung , Han Gil 
Published: July 2021

Objective
In this study, we evaluated factors affecting changes in cervical lordosis after deformity correction and during follow-up period in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with severe sagittal imbalance.

Methods
Seventy-nine patients, with an average age of 71.6 years, who underwent long-segment fixation from T10 to S1 with sacropelvic fixation were included. We performed a comparative analysis of the radiographic parameters after surgery (Post) and at the last follow-up (Last). We calculated the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and performed multilinear regression analysis to predict independent parameters for Post and Last cervical lordosis (CL), T1 slope (T1S), and thoracic kyphosis (TK).

Results
Hyperlordotic changes of -23.3° in CL before surgery was reduced to -7° after surgery, and Last CL had increased to -15.3°. T1S was reduced from 27° before surgery to 14.4° after surgery and had increased to 18.8° at the last follow-up. Through multilinear regression analysis, we found that Post CL and T1S were more significantly affected by the amount of LL correction (p = .045 and .049). The effect of Last T1S was significantly associated with the Last CL; the effect of Last TK, with the Last T1S; and the effect of Post PI-LL, with the Last TK (p < .05).

Conclusion
The postoperative kyphotic change in CL in ASD patients with preoperative cervical hyperlordosis is not permanent and is affected by drastic LL correction and SVA restoration. To achieve spinopelvic harmony proportional to the difference in LL relative to PI, TK becomes modified over time to increase T1S and CL, in an effort to achieve optimal spine curvature.
The comparative effectiveness of 55 interventions in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A network meta-analysis of 101 randomized trials
Authors: Abdel-Maboud Mohamed , Menshawy Amr , Hasabo Elfatih A. , Abdelraoof Mohamed Ibrahim , Alshandidy Mohamed , Eid Muhammad , Menshawy Esraa , Outani Oumaima , Menshawy Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 18% of reproductive-age females. The prevalence of obesity in PCOS patients reaches up to 80%, which is 2-fold higher than the general population.

Objective
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 55 pharmacological interventions across 17 different outcomes in overweight/obese PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism manifestations for both short- and long-term follow-ups. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing any conventional pharmacological intervention as a monotherapy or a combination in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism manifestations. Extracted data included three main parameters; I. Anthropometric parameters (BMI, Waist and Hip circumferences, and Waist/HIP ratio), II. Hormonal parameters (FSH, LH, FSG, SHBG, Estradiol, Total Testosterone, Free testosterone, DHEAS, Androstenedione), and III. Metabolic parameters (Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides, Fasting glucose, Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR). Critical appraisal and risk of bias assessments were performed using the modified Jadad scale, and the overall quality of this network meta-analysis was evaluated according to the CINeMA framework. We performed both a pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect sizes with 95% CI, and we calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each intervention.

Results
Our final search on May 15th 2021 retrieved 23,305 unique citations from searching six electronic databases. Eventually, 101 RCTs of 108 reports with a total of 8,765 patients were included in our systematic review and multi-treatments meta-analysis. 55 different interventions were included: 22 monotherapies, and 33 combinations. The two-dimensional cluster ranking of the average SUCRA values for metabolic and hormonal parameters with significant estimates revealed flutamide (77.5%, 70%; respectively) as the highest and rosiglitazone (38.2%, 26.3%; respectively) as the lowest, in terms of the overall efficacy in reducing weight and hyperandrogenism. However, cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol exhibited a higher ranking in improving hormonal parameters (71.1%), but even a lower-ranking regarding metabolic parameters (34.5%).

Conclusions and relevance
Current evidence demonstrated the superiority of flutamide in improving both metabolic and hormonal parameters, and the higher efficacy of cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol only in improving hormonal parameters. Nearly all interventions were comparable in female hormones, FGS, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels improvements.
Knowledge of breastfeeding practice and associated factors among fathers whose wife delivered in last one year in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Shitu Solomon , Adane Daniel , Abebe Haimanot , Mose Ayenew , Yeshaneh Alex , Beyene Bekele , Workye Haile 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBreastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly from female human breasts. It confers short-term and long-term benefits for both child and mother, including helping to protect children against a variety of acute and chronic disorders. In mothers, breastfeeding (BF) reduces postpartum bleeding, enhances accelerated involution of the uterus, and plays a crucial role in child spacing. Fathers have an important but often neglected role in the promotion of healthy breastfeeding practices. Evidence shows that mothers who have a supportive and encouraging partner are more likely to plan to breastfeed for a longer duration. So, this study was aimed to assess knowledge and associated factors towards breastfeeding practice among fathers.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gurage Zone among 597 fathers. One stage cluster sampling technique was used to select study participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data and it was checked for consistency and completeness and entered into epi data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify independent predictors. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare a result as statistically significant.ResultIn this study, a total of 585 participants were involved making a response rate of 98%. The overall knowledge status of participants was 341 (58.3%). The mean age of participants was 29.5 (SD±4.5). Urban residence, educational status, exposure to media, having more than one baby at home, and accompany his wife during health-seeking were independent predictors of knowledge status.ConclusionThis study has shown the level of knowledge of fathers towards breastfeeding in the study area was low (58.3%). Residence, two or more babies at home, accompany during ANC, and indexed infant illness was independent predictors of knowledge status of fathers towards breastfeeding. Policymakers and possible stack holders should better focus on the improvement of knowledge because the knowledge determines the overall condition of the family including the psychological development of the children that affect their life especially in a country like Ethiopia in which most of the decisions are made by them. Other researchers focus on the interaction of parents and the child and feeding disorders.
Perceptions of risk in pregnancy with chronic disease: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Ralston Elizabeth R. , Smith Priscilla , Chilcot Joseph , Silverio Sergio A. , Bramham Kate 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundWomen with chronic disease are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies which pose higher risk, often require increased medical supervision and intervention. How women perceive their pregnancy risk and its impact on health behaviour is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative literature is to evaluate risk perceptions of pregnancy in women with chronic disease.MethodsEleven electronic databases including grey literature were systematically searched for qualitative studies published in English which reported on pregnancy, risk perception and chronic disease. Full texts were reviewed by two researchers, independently. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist and data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis approach. The analysis used all text under the findings or results section from each included paper as data. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.ResultsEight studies were included in the review. Three themes with sub-themes were constructed from the analysis including: Information Synthesis (Sub-themes: Risk to Self and Risk to Baby), Psychosocial Factors (Sub-themes: Emotional Response, Self-efficacy, Healthcare Relationship), and Impact on Behaviour (Sub-themes: Perceived Risk and Objective Risk). Themes fitted within an overarching concept of Balancing Act. The themes together inter-relate to understand how women with chronic disease perceive their risk in pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen’s pregnancy-related behaviour and engagement with healthcare services appear to be influenced by their perception of pregnancy risk. Women with chronic disease have risk perceptions which are highly individualised. Assessment and communication of women’s pregnancy risk should consider their own understanding and perception of risk. Different chronic diseases introduce diverse pregnancy risks and further research is needed to understand women’s risk perceptions in specific chronic diseases.
La influencia del contexto en los usos de las herramientas virtuales
Authors: Sevillano García María Luisa , Quicios García María del Pilar 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo es producto de una investigación que ha perseguido los siguientes objetivos: Conocer los usos de las herramientas virtuales por una población representativa en edades, profesiones, género y formación. Identificar las dificultades que encuentran y buscar las causas que las originan .Valorar las ventajas de cada una de las herramientas en la vida profesional, en el ocio y en la labor formativa.

Se ha elegido un muestreo por cuotas, fundamentalmente, por el rigor que otorga.

Las herramientas de toma de datos elaboradas y aplicadas —protocolo de cuestionario, guión de entrevista y grupo de discusión— posibilitan traspasar la frontera del análisis cuantitativo versus cualitativo para adentrarse en una metodología mixta.

Un aprovechamiento acertado, rápido, seguro, selectivo de las herramientas virtuales estudiadas representa un principio de innovación, acceso al conocimiento y desarrollo de la actuación profesional. La cualificación en competencias básicas para construir, transferir y procesar conocimientos especializados y generales que circulan por la red, son de utilidad a lo largo de la vida.