bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Oxidation of Arabinose on Gold Catalysts: Process Design and Techno‐economic Assessment
Authors: Hachhach Mouad , Sladkovskiy Dmitry A. , Salmi Tapio , Murzin Dmitry Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present work focuses on process design and techno‐economic assessment of the oxidation of a pentose sugar present in hemicelluloses, i.e., arabinose, on a supported gold catalyst. The processing plant was designed with Aspen Plus. The arabinose feedstock price has an important impact on the operational performance contributing to almost half of these costs. The feasibility of the overall arabinose oxidation process requires efficient extraction of hemicellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass lowering the feedstock costs.
Transcriptional profiling of paediatric ependymomas identifies prognostically significant groups
Authors: Łastowska Maria , Matyja Ewa , Sobocińska Anna , Wojtaś Bartosz , Niemira Magdalena , Szałkowska Anna , Krętowski Adam , Karkucińska‐Więckowska Agnieszka , Kaleta Magdalena , Ejmont Maria , Tarasińska Magdalena , Perek‐Polnik Marta , Dembowska‐Bagińska Bożenna , Pronicki Maciej , Grajkowska Wiesława , Trubicka Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe majority of supratentorial ependymomas in children contain oncogenic fusions, such as ZFTA–RELA or YAP1‐MAMLD1. In contrast, posterior fossa (PF) ependymomas lack recurrent somatic mutations and are classified based on gene expression or methylation profiling into group A (PFA) and group B (PFB). We have applied a novel method, NanoString nCounter Technology, to identify four molecular groups among 16 supratentorial and 50 PF paediatric ependymomas, using 4–5 group‐specific signature genes. Clustering analysis of 16 supratentorial ependymomas revealed 9 tumours with a RELA fusion‐positive signature (RELA+), 1 tumour with a YAP1 fusion‐positive signature (YAP1+), and 6 not‐classified tumours. Additionally, we identified one RELA+ tumour among historically diagnosed CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumour samples. Overall, 9 of 10 tumours with the RELA+ signature possessed the ZFTA‐RELA fusion as detected by next‐generation sequencing (p = 0.005). Similarly, the only tumour with a YAP1+ signature exhibited the YAP1‐MAMLD1 fusion. Among the remaining unclassified ependymomas, which did not exhibit the ZFTA‐RELA fusion, the ZFTA‐MAML2 fusion was detected in one case. Notably, among nine ependymoma patients with the RELA+ signature, eight survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. Clustering analysis of PF tumours revealed 42 samples with PFA signatures and 7 samples with PFB signatures. Clinical characteristics of patients with PFA and PFB ependymomas corroborated the previous findings. In conclusion, we confirm here that the NanoString method is a useful single tool for the diagnosis of all four main molecular groups of ependymoma. The differences in reported survival rates warrant further clinical investigation of patients with the ZFTA‐RELA fusion.
Comparison of uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulation with vitamin‐K antagonists during AF‐ablation in the clinical routine. A single center register
Authors: Christoph Marian , Youssef Akram , Svitil Jan , Forkmann Mathias , Huo Yan , Gaspar Thomas , Francke Alexander , Schoen Steffen , Quick Silvio , Wunderlich Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUninterrupted direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) in AF‐ablation is recommended, proven by randomized trials. The outcome and the periinterventional differences between DOACs and VKA in the real world clinical practice are discussed controversial.HypothesisTo investigate efficiency and safety of uninterrupted DOAC therapy compared to VKA during AF‐Ablation in real world setting with a focus on periinterventional heparin dosage.
General health condition of patients hospitalized after an incident of in‐hospital or out‐of hospital sudden cardiac arrest with return of spontaneous circulation
Authors: Stasiowski Michał , Głowacki Łukasz , Gąsiorek Jakub , Majer Dominika , Niewiadomska Ewa , Król Seweryn , Żak Jakub , Missir Anna , Prof Lech Krawczyk , Prof Przemysław Jałowiecki , Grabarek Beniamin Oskar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the main reasons for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), which influences discharge in a good neurological state.HypothesisTo analyze patients who had recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during hospitalization in the ICU using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).MethodsThe study group comprised 78 patients after SCA (35 after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest [OHCA] and 43 after in‐hospital cardiac arrest [IHCA]) with ROSC who were admitted to the ICU of Regional Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. GOS was used to assess neurological status. Basic anthropological data, with, arterial blood pH, lactate concentration (LAC), and catecholamine treatment were also collected.ResultsIn the study group, 32.1% (n = 25/78) of patients survived until ICU discharge and 30.8% (n = 24/78) until discharge from the hospital. SCA in cardiac mechanism was more common in OHCA than in the IHCA group (OHCA vs. IHCA: 85.7% vs. 62.8%, p = .02). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for neurological status assessed using GOS. There was no statistically significant difference between LAC or arterial blood pH and survival to ICU discharge, survival to hospital discharge, or mortality. The need for using catecholamines increased the mortality rate (GOS 1) (p < .001).ConclusionsMost patients after RSOC were assigned to a group other than GOS 1, and 25% of all subjects belonged to GOS 4–5. Treatment with catecholamines was more common in patients who do not survive hospital or ICU discharge.
Weight loss does not decrease risk of breast cancer–related arm lymphedema
Authors: Roberts Sacha A. , Gillespie Tessa C. , Shui Amy M. , Brunelle Cheryl L. , Daniell Kayla M. , Locascio Joseph J. , Naoum George E. , Taghian Alphonse G. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to determine the relationship between postoperative weight change and breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL).MethodsIn this cohort study, 1161 women underwent unilateral breast surgery for breast cancer from 2005 to 2020 and were prospectively screened for BCRL. Arm volume measurements were obtained via an optoelectronic perometer preoperatively, postoperatively, and in the follow‐up setting every 6 to 12 months. Mean follow‐up from preoperative baseline was 49.1 months. The main outcome was BCRL, defined as a relative volume change of the ipsilateral arm of ≥10% at least 3 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 92 patients (7.9%) developed BCRL. Net weight loss versus net weight gain from baseline to last follow‐up was not protective against developing BCRL (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.89‐2.13; P = .152).ConclusionsAlthough weight loss may be recommended as part of an individualized lifestyle management program for overall health, weight loss alone may not decrease the risk of developing BCRL.
An assessment model for cloud service security risk based on entropy and support vector machine
Authors: Jiang Rong , Ma Zifei , Yang Juan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCloud services are open, shared, and complex. These characteristics will lead to many security risks and will affect the development of cloud services. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and measure the security risks of cloud services. However, there are still many deficiencies in this area. In light of this, this paper carries out an in‐depth study from the perspective of technical security risk. Firstly, this paper combines the three aspects on cloud service security problems, objectives, and technologies. It attempts to explore the technological solutions to get security risk problems to achieve the expected security goals, and establish the cloud service technology security risk index system. Secondly, because of the strong subjectivity and the deficiency of the data obtained from cloud service providers, this paper establishes a cloud service security risk assessment model based on entropy weight theory and multi‐classification support vector machine. Finally, the experimental results show that the evaluation model is feasible and effective.
Revisiting the Structure of Calcined and Hydrated AlPO‐11 with DFT‐Based Molecular Dynamics Simulations**
Authors: Fischer Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPublished crystal structures of the AEL‐type aluminophosphate AlPO‐11 in its calcined form (space group
) show some peculiar features, such as unusually short Al−O and P−O bonds and near‐linear Al−O−P angles. Although experimental evidence for the presence of dynamic disorder was presented, the nature of the associated distortions remained unresolved. In this study, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) were employed to study the dynamic behaviour of this zeotype. At 100 K, static local distortions that break the
symmetry are present in the time‐averaged structures computed from the AIMD trajectories. At 300 and 500 K, the time‐averaged structures approach
symmetry. Although shortened Al−O and P−O bonds and near‐linear Al−O−P angles were found in the average structures, an analysis of radial and angular distribution functions confirmed their absence in the instantaneous structures. This deviation is due to a precession‐like motion of some oxygen atoms around the Al−P connection line, which moves their time‐averaged positions closer to this line. In hydrated AlPO‐11, some of the water molecules are coordinated to framework Al atoms, leading to an octahedral coordination of 1/5 of the Al sites. DFT optimisations and AIMD simulations on partially hydrated models delivered evidence for a preferential adsorption at the Al1 site. No dynamic disorder was observed for the hydrated form.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Used Concomitantly with Insulin Secretagogues and the Risk of Serious Hypoglycemia
Authors: Hee Nam Young , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Flory James H. , Leonard Charles E. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: July 2021

Serious hypoglycemia is a major adverse event associated with insulin secretagogues. Previous studies have suggested a potential relationship between angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used with sulfonylureas and serious hypoglycemia, and widely used drug compendia warn of this potential drug‐drug interaction. We investigated the association between serious hypoglycemia and concomitant use of ACEIs in patients receiving insulin secretagogues, using the self‐controlled case series design and Medicaid claims data from 5 US states linked to Medicare claims from 1999–2011. The exposure of interest was active prescription for ACEIs during insulin secretagogue or metformin (negative control object drug) episodes. The outcome was hospital presentation for serious hypoglycemia, identified by discharge diagnosis codes in inpatient and emergency department claims (positive predictive value ~ 78–89%). We calculated confounder‐adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence internals (CIs) of outcome occurrence during ACEI‐exposed vs. ACEI‐unexposed time using conditional Poisson regression. The RRs for ACEIs were not statistically elevated during observation time of glipizide (RR, 1.06; CI, 0.98–1.15), glyburide (RR, 1.05; CI, 0.96–1.15), repaglinide (RR, 1.15; CI, 0.94–1.41), or metformin (RR, 1.02; CI, 0.97–1.06); but was modestly elevated with glimepiride (RR, 1.23; CI, 1.11–1.37) and modestly reduced with nateglinide (RR, 0.73; CI, 0.56–0.96). The overall pattern of results do not suggest that ACEIs used with insulin secretagogues were associated with increased rates of serious hypoglycemia, with the possible exception of glimepiride.
Field quantization in quantum plasmas: Photon and plasmon charge and mass
Authors: Mendonça J.T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study electromagnetic field quantization in isotropic quantum plasmas, thus connecting two distinct problems of quantum plasma physics. We include plasmons and transverse photon states. We show that field quantization in a plasma is equivalent to that of massive boson fields and discuss the qualitative differences with respect to standard quantization in a vacuum. We consider nonlinear effects and show that photon and plasmon charges can be associated with the ponderomotive force. We also discuss the conservation properties of these affective charges during nonlinear mixing processes. The existence of photon and plasmon charge and mass could be relevant to laboratory experiments and to astrophysics.
Cytomorphologic clues for the diagnosis of fallopian tube prolapse in liquid‐based vault samples with review of the literature
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Suri Vanita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionFallopian tube prolapse (FTP) is a rare complication of hysterectomy. The cytological features of the prolapsed fallopian tube in vault smears have been occasionally described in the literature.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study conducted to identify and describe the characteristic cytologic features of histopathologically confirmed cases of FTP in SurePath™ liquid‐based preparations. Additionally, the literature documenting cytologic features of the prolapsed fallopian tube in vault smears was also reviewed.ResultsA total of four corresponding vault cytology samples of FTP cases, reported on histopathology, were available. On cytologic examination, these cases demonstrated strips and papillaroid clusters of columnar‐shaped cells with mild nuclear enlargement, round to elongated nuclei, fine chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and a moderate amount of wispy cytoplasm. Admixed inflammatory cells were also noted. Some of these cells demonstrated the presence of cilia and terminal bar toward the apical surface, indicative of tubal epithelium. The presence of three‐dimensional papillaroid clusters lined by columnar cells as well as strips of similar cells with cilia and terminal bars at the apical surface and fine nuclear chromatin were the most consistent cytologic features in these cases.ConclusionWe conclude that a high index of clinical suspicion in post‐hysterectomy cases with knowledge of the characteristic cytologic features can help in suggesting a diagnosis of tubal prolapse in vault samples.
Morphometric study of Kalophrynus palmatissimus at two forest reserves in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Aziz Muhammad Faris , Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah Marina , Shohaimi Shamarina , Ab Ghani Nurul Izza , Fletcher Christine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA research study on morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (commonly known as Lowland Grainy Frog) at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR), Negeri Sembilan was carried out from 12 November 2016 to 13 September 2017. The study was to examine data on the morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at the two forest reserves. 15 morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus that were taken by using vernier calipers. Frog surveys were done by using 15 and 18 nocturnal 400 m transect lines with an interval distance of 20 m at AHFR and PFR, respectively. The GPS coordinates for all frog samples were recorded to ensure the precise geographic location. In addition, five climatic data were recorded. The results showed that most morphometric traits in AHFR (n = 34) and PFR (n = 31) were positively correlated with each other. On the other hand, climatic factor, which was soil pH, had a significant positive influence on most of the morphometric traits (p < .01), except for tympanum diameter and upper eyelid width (p ≥ .05). Meanwhile, the temperature had a significantly negative influence on all morphometric traits (p < .01). General linear model (GLM) analysis showed that snout‐vent length (SVL) influenced most morphometric traits (F ≤ 80.86, p < .01), except for hand length (HAL: F = 0.299, p > .05). Later, it was found that the snout‐vent length of K. palmatissimus at AHFR was slightly larger than at PFR (AHFR: μ = 37.00 mm, SE = 1.16 c.f. PFR: μ = 30.29 mm, SE = 1.07). It showed that there were variations in morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR. From PCA analysis, morphometric traits are grouped into two components for AHFR and PFR, respectively. In AHFR, head length, eye diameter, head width, internarial distance, interorbital distance, forearm length, tibia length, foot length, and thigh length were strongly correlated, while snout length and eye‐nostril distance were strongly correlated. In PFR, eye diameter, head width, internarial distance, interorbital distance, foot length, and thigh length were strongly correlated, though snout length and eye‐nostril distance were strongly correlated, hence, suggested that all morphometric traits grow simultaneously in K. palmatissimus with eye‐nostril distance (EN), and snout length (SL) growing almost simultaneously at AHFR (r = .91) and PFR (r = .97). There is still a lack of available information regarding the distribution and morphometric studies of K. palmatissimus in Malaysia, especially at AHFR and PFR. This study showed 15 different morphometric traits of K. palmatisssimus between AHFR and PFR, with K. palmatissimus at AHFR were found to be slightly larger than at PFR.
Climate influences on female survival in a declining population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina)
Authors: Volzke Sophia , McMahon Clive R. , Hindell Mark A. , Burton Harry R. , Wotherspoon Simon J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Southern Ocean has been disproportionately affected by climate change and is therefore an ideal place to study the influence of changing environmental conditions on ecosystems. Changes in the demography of predator populations are indicators of broader shifts in food web structure, but long‐term data are required to study these effects. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Macquarie Island have consistently decreased in population size while all other major populations across the Southern Ocean have recently stabilized or are increasing. Two long‐term mark‐recapture studies (1956–1967 and 1993–2009) have monitored this population, which provides an opportunity to investigate demographic performance over a range of climatic conditions. Using a 9‐state matrix population model, we estimated climate influences on female survival by incorporating two major climatic indices into our model: The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Our best model included a 1 year lagged effect of SAM and an unlagged SOI as covariates. A positive relationship with SAM1 (lagged) related the previous year's SAM with juvenile survival, potentially due to changes in local prey availability surrounding Macquarie Island. The unlagged SOI had a negative effect on both juvenile and adult seals, indicating that sea ice dynamics and access to foraging grounds on the East Antarctic continental shelf could explain the different contributions of ENSO events on the survival of females in this population.
Aposematic signaling and seasonal variation in dorsal pelage in a venomous mammal
Authors: Nekaris K. Anne‐Isola , Campera Marco , Watkins Anna R. , Weldon Ariana V. , Hedger Katherine , Morcatty Thais Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn mammals, colouration patterns are often related to concealment, intraspecific communication, including aposematic signals, and physiological adaptations. Slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) are arboreal primates native to Southeast Asia that display stark colour contrast, are highly territorial, regularly enter torpor, and are notably one of only seven mammal taxa that possess venom. All slow loris species display a contrasting stripe that runs cranial‐caudally along the median sagittal plane of the dorsum. We examine whether these dorsal markings facilitate background matching, seasonal adaptations, and intraspecific signaling. We analyzed 195 images of the dorsal region of 60 Javan slow loris individuals (Nycticebus javanicus) from Java, Indonesia. We extracted greyscale RGB values from dorsal pelage using ImageJ software and calculated contrast ratios between dorsal stripe and adjacent pelage in eight regions. We assessed through generalized linear mixed models if the contrast ratio varied with sex, age, and seasonality. We also examined whether higher contrast was related to more aggressive behavior or increased terrestrial movement. We found that the dorsal stripe of N. javanicus changed seasonally, being longer and more contrasting in the wet season, during which time lorises significantly increased their ground use. Stripes were most contrasting in younger individuals of dispersal age that were also the most aggressive during capture. The dorsal stripe became less contrasting as a loris aged. A longer stripe when ground use is more frequent can be related to disruptive colouration. A darker anterior region by younger lorises with less fighting experience may allow them to appear larger and fiercer. We provide evidence that the dorsum of a cryptic species can have multimodal signals related to concealment, intraspecific communication, and physiological adaptations.
Cushion plants as critical pioneers and engineers in alpine ecosystems across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yi , Sun Jian , Liu Biying , Wang Jinniu , Zeng Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCushion plants are widely representative species in the alpine ecosystem due to their vital roles in influencing abiotic and biotic environments, ecological succession processes, and ecosystem engineering. Importantly, cushion plants, such as Androsace L. and Arenaria L., are considered to be critical pioneers of ecosystem health, restoration, and sustainability across the Tibetan Plateau. This is because cushion plants (a) show tenacious vitality and can modify regional climates, substrates, and soil nutrients in extreme environments; (b) facilitate relationships with the surroundings and maintain the diversity of aboveground and belowground communities; and (c) are highly sensitive to environmental changes and thus can indicate grassland ecosystem health and resilience in the context of global change.
A synthesis of land use impacts on stream biodiversity across metrics and scales
Authors: Petsch Danielle K. , Blowes Shane A. , Melo Adriano S. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile land use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity change in streams, the nature of such changes, and at which scales they occur, have not been synthesized. To synthesize how land use change has altered multiple components of stream biodiversity across scales, we compiled data from 37 studies where comparative data were available for species' total and relative abundances from multiple locations including reference (less impacted) streams to those surrounded by different land use types (urban, forestry, and agriculture). We found that each type of land use reduced multiple components of within‐stream biodiversity across scales, but that urbanization consistently had the strongest effects. However, we found that β‐diversity among streams in modified landscapes did not differ from β‐diversity observed among reference streams, suggesting little evidence for biotic homogenization. Nevertheless, assemblage composition did experience considerable species turnover between reference and modified streams. Our results emphasize that to understand how anthropogenic factors such as land use alter biodiversity, multiple components of biodiversity within and among sites must be simultaneously considered at multiple scales.