bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HER2 Activation and Endocrine Treatment Resistance in HER2-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mazumder Aloran , Shiao Stephen , Haricharan Svasti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The lethality of estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) breast cancer, which is often considered to have better prognosis than other subtypes, is defined by resistance to the standard of care endocrine treatment. Relapse and metastasis are inevitable in almost every patient whose cancer is resistant to endocrine treatment. Therefore, understanding the underlying causes of treatment resistance remains an important biological and clinical focus of research in this area. Growth factor receptor pathway activation, specifically HER2 activation, has been identified as 1 mechanism of endocrine treatment resistance across a range of experimental model systems. However, clinical trials conducted to test whether targeting HER2 benefits patients with endocrine treatment–resistant ER+ breast cancer have consistently and disappointingly shown mixed results. One reason for the failure of these clinical trials could be the complexity of crosstalk between ER, HER2, and other growth factor receptors and the fluidity of HER2 activation in these cells, which makes it challenging to identify stratifiers for this targeted intervention. In the absence of stratifiers that can be assayed at diagnosis to allow prospective tailoring of HER2 inhibition to the right patients, clinical trials will continue to disappoint. To understand stratifiers, it is important that the field invests in key understudied areas of research including characterization of the tumor secretome and receptor activation in response to endocrine treatment, and mapping the ER–HER2 growth factor network in the normal and developing mammary gland. Understanding these mechanisms further is critical to improving outcomes for the hard-to-treat endocrine treatment–resistant ER+ breast cancer cohort.
Neurocognitive, Quality of Life, and Behavioral Outcomes for Patients With Covert Stroke After Cardiac Surgery: Exploratory Analysis of Data From a Prospectively Randomized Trial
Authors: Lewis Choy , Levine Annabelle , Balmert Lauren C. , Chen Liqi , Sherwani Saadia S. , Nemeth Alexander J. , Grafman Jordan , Gottesman Rebecca , Brown Charles H. , Hogue Charles W. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
Asymptomatic brain ischemic injury detected with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is reported in more than one-half of patients after cardiac surgery. There are conflicting findings on whether DWI-detected covert stroke is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction after surgery, and it is unclear whether such ischemic injury affects quality of life or behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this study was to perform exploratory analysis on whether covert stroke after cardiac surgery is associated with delayed neurocognitive recovery 1 month after surgery, impaired quality of life, anxiety, or depression.

METHODS:
Analysis of data collected in a prospectively randomized study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery testing whether basing mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets during cardiopulmonary bypass to be above the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation versus usual practices reduces the frequency of adverse neurological outcomes. A neuropsychological testing battery was administered before surgery and then 1 month later. Patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between postoperative days 3 and 5. The primary outcome was DWI-detected ischemic lesion; the primary end point was change from baseline in domain-specific neurocognitive Z scores 1 month after surgery. Secondary outcomes included a composite indicator of delayed neurocognitive recovery, quality of life measures, state and trait anxiety, and Beck Depression Inventory scores.

RESULTS:
Of the 164 patients with postoperative MRI data, clinical stroke occurred in 10 patients. Of the remaining 154 patients, 85 (55.2%) had a covert stroke. There were no statistically significant differences for patients with or without covert stroke in the change from baseline in Z scores in any of the cognitive domains tested adjusted for sex, baseline cognitive score, and randomization treatment arm. The frequency of delayed neurocognitive recovery (no covert stroke, 15.1%; covert stroke, 17.6%; P = .392), self-reported quality of life measurements, anxiety rating, or depression scores were not different between those with or without DWI ischemic injury.

CONCLUSIONS:
More than one-half of patients undergoing cardiac surgery demonstrated covert stroke. In this exploratory analysis, covert stroke was not found to be significantly associated with neurocognitive dysfunction 1 month after surgery; evidence of impaired quality of life, anxiety, or depression, albeit a type II error, cannot be excluded.
Planarian Anatomy Ontology: a resource to connect data within and across experimental platforms
Authors: Nowotarski Stephanie H. , Davies Erin L. , Robb Sofia M. C. , Ross Eric J. , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Doddihal Viraj , Mir Mol , McClain Melainia , Sánchez Alvarado Alejandro 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
As the planarian research community expands, the need for an interoperable data organization framework for tool building has become increasingly apparent. Such software would streamline data annotation and enhance cross-platform and cross-species searchability. We created the Planarian Anatomy Ontology (PLANA), an extendable relational framework of defined Schmidtea mediterranea (Smed) anatomical terms used in the field. At publication, PLANA contains over 850 terms describing Smed anatomy from subcellular to system levels across all life cycle stages, in intact animals and regenerating body fragments. Terms from other anatomy ontologies were imported into PLANA to promote interoperability and comparative anatomy studies. To demonstrate the utility of PLANA as a tool for data curation, we created resources for planarian embryogenesis, including a staging series and molecular fate-mapping atlas, and the Planarian Anatomy Gene Expression database, which allows retrieval of a variety of published transcript/gene expression data associated with PLANA terms. As an open-source tool built using FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reproducible) principles, our strategy for continued curation and versioning of PLANA also provides a platform for community-led growth and evolution of this resource.
Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees
Authors: Howard Scarlett R. , Prendergast Kit , Symonds Matthew R. E. , Shrestha Mani , Dyer Adrian G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The majority of angiosperms require animal pollination for reproduction, and insects are the dominant group of animal pollinators. Bees are considered one of the most important and abundant insect pollinators. Research into bee behaviour and foraging decisions has typically centred on managed eusocial bee species, including Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris. Non-eusocial bees are understudied with respect to foraging strategies and decision making, such as flower preferences. Understanding whether there are fundamental foraging strategies and preferences that are features of insect groups can provide key insights into the evolution of flower–pollinator co-evolution. In the current study, Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium and Lasioglossum (Parasphecodes) sp., two native Australian generalist halictid bees, were tested for flower shape preferences between native insect-pollinated and bird-pollinated flowers. Each bee was presented with achromatic images of either insect-pollinated or bird-pollinated flowers in a circular arena. Both native bee species demonstrated a significant preference for images of insect-pollinated flowers. These preferences are similar to those found in A. mellifera, suggesting that flower shape preference may be a deep-rooted evolutionary occurrence within bees. With growing interest in the sensory capabilities of non-eusocial bees as alternative pollinators, the current study also provides a valuable framework for further behavioural testing of such species.
Role of early post-operative breast MRI: how helpful is it in deciding the next step for women who may have residual disease?
Authors: Healy Nuala A , Benson John R , Sinnatamby Ruchi 
Published: July 2021

Objectives Positive resection margins following breast conserving surgery are a risk factor for local disease recurrence. Subsequent management of patients is often not straightforward, with post-operative breast MRI increasingly used to aid decision-making. Interpretation of MRI after surgery can prove challenging due to local inflammatory enhancement. We reviewed our experience of post-operative breast MRIs to determine their ability to detect residual disease and to evaluate how they changed initial patient management from re-excision to an alternative. Methods: A search of breast MRIs performed from August 2014 to December 2019 was undertaken, to identify those performed post-operatively within 4 months of breast conserving surgery. Electronic patient records and imaging were evaluated to determine additional work-up, pathology and surgical outcomes. Results: Of the 2274 breast MRIs during the study period, 44 (2%) were performed post-operatively to evaluate 47 breasts. MRI was normal in 20 cases (43%), suspicious findings at surgical cavity only in 13 (28%), suspicious ipsilateral distant breast findings only in 6 (13%), and both cavity and distant findings in 7 cases (15%). Contralateral abnormalities were identified in 3 cases. Following MRI, mastectomy was performed in 11 cases, re-excision in 25, with 2 subsequent mastectomies, and multidisciplinary team accepted margins in 11 cases, 10 of whom underwent post-operative radiotherapy. MRI altered initial patient management from re-excision to an alternative in 25 cases (45%). Conclusion: Post-operative breast MRI, although potentially challenging to interpret, can prove useful in planning the next step in patient management, particularly in its ability to evaluate the whole breast. Advances in knowledge Post-operative breast MRI is increasingly requested at multidisciplinary team following breast conserving surgery with positive surgical margins on histology, however interpretation is challenging. The value of these studies lie in assessment of the distant breast rather than the surgical resection cavity and can alter patient management guiding the most appropriate next step for definitive treatment.
A feasibility study of hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan) to improve image quality of cone beam computed tomography during abdominal/pelvic Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy
Authors: Slevin Finbar , Beasley Matthew , Zhong Jim , Hudson Eleanor , Speight Richard , Lilley John , Murray Louise J , Henry Ann M 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used for image guidance of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), but it is susceptible to bowel motion artefacts. This trial evaluated the impact of hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan) on CBCT image quality and its feasibility within a radiotherapy workflow. Methods: A single-centre feasibility trial (ISRCTN24362767) was performed in patients treated with SABR for abdominal/pelvic oligorecurrence. Buscopan was administered to separate cohorts by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (i.v.) injection on alternate fractions, providing within-patient control data. 4-point Likert scales were used to assess overall image quality (ranging from excellent to impossible to use) and bowel motion artefact (ranging from none to severe). Feasibility was determined by patient/radiographer questionnaires and toxicity assessment. Descriptive statistics are presented. Results: 16 patients were treated (8 by IM and 8 by i.v. buscopan). The percentage of images of excellent quality with/without buscopan was 47 vs 29% for IM buscopan and 65 vs 40% for i.v. buscopan. The percentage of images with no bowel motion artefact with/without buscopan was 24.6 vs 8.9% for IM buscopan and 25.8 vs 7% for i.v. buscopan. Four patients (25%) reported dry mouth. 14 patients (93%) would accept buscopan as routine. 11 radiographers (92%) reported no delay in treatments. Conclusions: A trend towards improved image quality/reduced bowel motion artefact was observed with IM/i.v. buscopan. Buscopan was well tolerated with limited impact on workflow. Advances in knowledge: This is the first trial of buscopan within a radiotherapy workflow. It demonstrated a trend to improved image quality and feasibility of use.
Characterization of a thin-film metal-coated fiber optical phase modulator based on thermal effect with a nonlinear control interferometer
Authors: Nunes Gabriel F. S. , Palma Vinicius B. , Martin Roberta I. , Felão Luiz H. V. , Teixeira Marcelo C. M. , Kitano Cláudio , Cazo Rogério M. , Sakamoto João M. S. 
Published: July 2021

In this work, an optical fiber was coated by a thin-film metal layer to work as a fiber optical phase modulator based on thermal effect. This device was assembled in one of the arms of an all-fiber Michelson interferometer stabilized by a nonlinear control system based on variable structure and sliding modes. The frequency response reached 200 Hz, which can be considered high for a device based on the thermal effect. Compared with a fiber optical phase modulator based on the piezoelectric effect, the thermal modulator presented a higher scale factor per meter of optical fiber, showing the potential to work as a simple, low-cost, small-sized, short length, lightweight, and low-voltage fiber optical phase modulator.
Effect of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation on intensive care unit length of stay, the incidence of pneumonia and gas exchange in critically ill patients: A systematic review
Authors: Hassan Anwar , Lai William , Alison Jennifer , Huang Stephen , Milross Maree 
Published: July 2021

Background
Pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, pulmonary atelectasis, and subsequent respiratory failure leading to ventilatory support are a common occurrence in critically ill patients. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is used to improve gas exchange and promote airway clearance in these patients. The current evidence regarding the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in critical care settings remains unclear. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence of the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation on intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS) and respiratory outcomes in critically ill patients.

Research question
In critically ill patients, is intrapulmonary percussive ventilation effective in improving respiratory outcomes and reducing intensive care unit length of stay.

Methods
A systematic search of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in intensive care unit (ICU) was performed on five databases from 1979 to 2021. Studies were considered for inclusion if they evaluated the effectiveness of IPV in patients aged ≥16 years receiving invasive or non-invasive ventilation or breathing spontaneously in critical care or high dependency units. Study titles and abstracts were screened, followed by data extraction by a full-text review. Due to a small number of studies and observed heterogeneities in the study methodology and patient population, a meta-analysis could not be included in this review. Outcomes of interest were summarised narratively.

Results
Out of 306 identified abstracts, seven studies (630 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Results of the included studies provide weak evidence to support the effectiveness of intrapulmonary percussive ventilation in reducing ICU-LOS, improving gas exchange, and reducing respiratory rate.

Interpretation
Based on the findings of this review, the evidence to support the role of IPV in reducing ICU-LOS, improving gas exchange, and reducing respiratory rate is weak. The therapeutic value of IPV in airway clearance, preventing pneumonia, and treating pulmonary atelectasis requires further investigation.
Pregnancy outcomes after exposure to crisis pregnancy centers among an abortion-seeking sample recruited online
Authors: Cartwright Alice F. , Tumlinson Katherine , Upadhyay Ushma D. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
More than 2,500 crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs), which seek to convince people considering abortion to continue their pregnancies, exist in the United States. However, the characteristics of people who visit CPCs and their pregnancy outcomes are largely unknown. This study sought to describe the characteristics of people considering abortion who report visiting CPCs, and whether CPC visit is associated with abortion or continuing the pregnancy 4 weeks later.

Methods
Between August 2017 to May 2018, we recruited pregnant people searching for abortion services online, and 857 participants completed baseline and 4-week follow-up surveys. We described characteristics associated with visiting a CPC and compared pregnancy and abortion outcomes for those who reported CPC visit to those who did not using mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Overall, 13.1% of respondents visited a confirmed CPC. Living further away from a CPC was associated with lower odds of a CPC visit. At follow-up, respondents who had visited a CPC were significantly less likely to have had an abortion (29.5%) than those who had not visited a CPC (50.5%). In the adjusted models, respondents who had visited a CPC had higher odds of being pregnant and still seeking abortion (aOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.37–3.73) or continuing the pregnancy (aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.33–4.15) (versus having had an abortion), than those who had not visited a CPC.

Conclusions
CPCs may be providing resources to people who are considering continuing their pregnancy and/or they may be misleading people about the care and referrals they provide related to abortion. Pregnant people need access to accurate information, decision support, and resources to make the pregnancy or abortion decision that is best for them.
Comic Books, Graphic Novels and the Holocaust: Beyond Maus, Ewa Stańczyk (ed.) (2019)
Authors: Precup Mihaela 
Published: July 2021

Review of: Comic Books, Graphic Novels and the Holocaust: Beyond Maus, Ewa Stańczyk (ed.) (2019)
Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 142 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13859-864-5, h/bk, £96.00, p/bk, £29.59
Mechanical properties of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete in building structure
Authors: Zhang Tao , Pan Deng 
Published: July 2021

This study mainly analyzed the effect of steel fiber (SF) mixed with polypropylene fiber (PF) on the performance optimization of concrete. Firstly, the steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) and steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (SP-HFRC) specimens were designed. Then, the slump experiment, compressive strength experiment, and tensile strength experiment were carried out. The results demonstrated that the increase of fibers reduced the slump, and the influence of PF on the slump was the largest, followed by SF and SP; when the content of SF was 1% and the content of PF was 0.1%, the compressive strength and tensile strength of the concrete were 73.16 MPa and 6.33 MPa, which was superior to the concrete mixed with single fiber. The experimental results demonstrate that SP-HFRC has a superiority in mechanical property and can be further promoted and applied in building structure.
Application of BIM technology combined with artificial intelligence in construction management
Authors: Wei Guoan 
Published: July 2021

The construction industry is a kind of multi-project engineering. The management in the construction process is an important factor in ensuring construction quality. This paper briefly introduced the relevant content of building information modeling (BIM) and the application of BIM combined with the genetic algorithm in optimizing the processing scheme in the cutting process of steel structure buildings, and took a grid-shaped steel shed in Zhengzhou, Henan, as an example to compare the traditional and BIM optimized schemes. The results showed that the BIM-optimized scheme could make better use of raw materials with different specifications and the optimization scheme had higher economic benefits because of higher utilization rate, fewer processing personnel, and fewer working hours
Machine learning based modelling for estimation of the fundamental time period of precast concrete structures using computer programming
Authors: DAHIYA NITIN 
Published: July 2021

This research investigated the capability of machine learning approaches to evaluate the fundamental time period (FTP) of precast concrete structures. Data set consisting of 288 models with shear wall and beam-column frame structures. The 288 models were analysed using Etabs software and Rstudio. Input parameters consisted of the height of the building, number of bays, length and breadth of the building, cracked or uncracked section, number of storeys and frame type on the FTP of precast concrete structures. Out of 288 models, for testing 108 arbitrary selected models were used and the remaining 180 models were used for training. Linear (LRF), polynomial (PLF) and radial basis (RBF) kernel functions were used for machine learning approach i.e support vector machines (SVM) and gaussian process (GPR). Evaluation of results suggests that linear function-based support vector machines performed well as compared to gaussian process regression. The accuracy of the machine learning approaches was verified through comparison with the available equations to evaluate the FTP in literature.
A variant of Clark’s theorem and its applications for nonsmooth functionals without the global symmetric condition
Authors: Huang Chen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We give a new non-smooth Clark’s theorem without the global symmetric condition. The theorem can be applied to generalized quasi-linear elliptic equations with small continous perturbations. Our results improve the abstract results about a semi-linear elliptic equation in Kajikiya [10] and Li-Liu [11].
Existence and Convergence of Solutions to Fractional Pure Critical Exponent Problems
Authors: Hernández-Santamaría Víctor , Saldaña Alberto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study existence and convergence properties of least-energy symmetric solutions (l.e.s.s.) to the pure critical exponent problem

(

-
Δ

)

s

⁢

u
s

=

|

u
s

|

2
s
⋆

-
2

⁢

u
s

,

u
s

∈

D
0
s

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

2
s
⋆

:=

2
⁢
N

N
-

2
⁢
s

,

(-\Delta)^{s}u_{s}=\lvert u_{s}\rvert^{2_{s}^{\star}-2}u_{s},\quad u_{s}\in D^% {s}_{0}(\Omega),\,2^{\star}_{s}:=\frac{2N}{N-2s},

where s is any positive number, Ω is either

ℝ
N

{\mathbb{R}^{N}}

or a smooth symmetric bounded domain, and

D
0
s

⁢

(
Ω
)

{D^{s}_{0}(\Omega)}

is the homogeneous Sobolev space. Depending on the kind of symmetry considered, solutions can be sign-changing. We show that, up to a subsequence, a l.e.s.s.

u
s

{u_{s}}

converges to a l.e.s.s.

u
t

{u_{t}}

as s goes to any

t
>
0

{t>0}

. In bounded domains, this convergence can be characterized in terms of an homogeneous fractional norm of order

t
-
ε

{t-\varepsilon}

. A similar characterization is no longer possible in unbounded domains due to scaling invariance and an incompatibility with the functional spaces; to circumvent these difficulties, we use a suitable rescaling and characterize the convergence via cut-off functions. If t is an integer, then these results describe in a precise way the nonlocal-to-local transition. Finally, we also include a nonexistence result of nontrivial nonnegative solutions in a ball for any

s
>
1

{s>1}

.