bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of an online platform delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation for individuals with chronic respiratory disease
Authors: Lewis Adam , Knight Ellena , Bland Matthew , Middleton Jack , Mitchell Esther , McCrum Kate , Conway Joy , Bevan-Smith Elaine 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has restricted access to face-to-face delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Evidence suggests that telehealth-PR is non-inferior to outpatient PR. However, it is unknown whether patients who have been referred to face-to-face programmes can feasibly complete an online-PR programme.MethodsThis service evaluation used a mixed-methods approach to investigate a rapid PR service remodelling using the University of Gloucestershire eLearn Moodle platform. Quantitative baseline demographic and PR outcome data were collected from online-PR participants, and semistructured interviews were completed with PR staff and participants.ResultsTwenty-five individuals were eligible from a PR waiting list. Thirteen declined participation and 14 completed PR. Significant pre-post online PR improvements were achieved in 1 min sit-to-stand (CI 2.1 to 9 (p=0.004)), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (CI −0.3 to −2.6 (p=0.023)), Primary Health Questionnaire-9 (CI −0.3 to −5.1 (p=0.029)), Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnoea (CI 0.5 to 1.3 (p=0.001)), fatigue (CI 0.7 to 2 (p=0.0004)), emotion (CI 0.7 to 1.7 (p=0.0002)), mastery (CI 0.4 to 1.3 (p=0.001)). Interviews indicated that patient PR inclusion was made possible with digital support and a PR introduction session improved participant engagement and safety. Incremental progression of exercise was perceived as more successful online compared with face-to-face PR. However, perceptions were that education sessions were less successful. Online-PR required significant staff time resource.DiscussionOnline-PR improves patient outcomes and is feasible and acceptable for individuals referred for face-to-face PR in the context of a requirement for social distancing. Face-to-face programmes can be adapted in a rapid fashion with both staff and participants perceiving benefit. Future pragmatic trials are now warranted comparing online-PR including remote assessments to centre-based PR with suitably matched outcomes, and patient and staff perceptions sought regarding barriers and facilitators of online delivery.
Safety and efficacy of catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) in elderly with pulmonary embolism (PE)
Authors: Harrison Eneida , Kim Jin Sun , Lakhter Vladimir , Lio Ka U , Alashram Rami , Zhao Huaqing , Gupta Rohit , Patel Maulin , Harrison James , Panaro Joseph , Mohrien Kerry , Bashir Riyaz , Cohen Gary , Criner Gerard , Rali Parth 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a common cause for morbidity and mortality in patients over 65 years. Given the increased risk of bleeding in the elderly population with the use of systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapy (CDT) is being increasingly used for the treatment of submassive PE. Nevertheless, the safety of CDT in the elderly population is not well studied. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the safety of CDT in our elderly patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients aged>65 years with a diagnosis of PE from our Pulmonary Embolism Response Team database. We compared the treatment outcomes of CDT versus anticoagulation (AC) in elderly. Propensity score matching was used to construct two matched cohorts for final outcomes analysis.ResultsOf 346 patients with acute PE, 138 were>65 years, and of these, 18 were treated with CDT. Unmatched comparison between CDT and AC cohorts demonstrated similar in-hospital mortality (11.1% vs 5.6%, p=0.37) and length of stay (LOS) (3.81 vs 5.02 days, p=0.5395), respectively. The results from the propensity-matched cohort mirrored results of the unmatched cohort with no significant difference between CDT and AC in-hospital mortality (11.8% vs 5.9%, p=0.545) or median LOS (3.76 vs 4.21 days, p=0.77), respectively.ConclusionIn this observational study using propensity score-matched analysis, we found that patients >65 years who were treated with CDT for management of acute PE had similar mortality and LOS compared with those treated with AC. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Chapter 5.2a Erebus Volcanic Province: volcanology
Authors: Smellie John L. , Martin Adam P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The Erebus Volcanic Province is the largest Neogene volcanic province in Antarctica, extending
c.
450 km north–south and 170 km wide east–west. It is dominated by large central volcanoes, principally Mount Erebus, Mount Bird, Mount Terror, Mount Discovery and Mount Morning, which have sunk more than 2 km into underlying sedimentary strata. Small submarine volcanoes are also common, as islands and seamounts in the Ross Sea (Terror Rift), and there are many mafic scoria cones (Southern Local Suite) in the Royal Society Range foothills and Dry Valleys. The age of the volcanism ranges between
c.
19 Ma and present but most of the volcanism is <5 Ma. It includes active volcanism at Mount Erebus, with its permanent phonolite lava lake. The volcanism is basanite–phonolite/trachyte in composition and there are several alkaline petrological lineages. Many of the volcanoes are pristine, predominantly formed of subaerially erupted products. Conversely, two volcanoes have been deeply eroded. That at Minna Hook is mainly glaciovolcanic, with a record of the ambient mid–late Miocene eruptive environmental conditions. By contrast, Mason Spur is largely composed of pyroclastic density current deposits, which accumulated in a large mid-Miocene caldera that is now partly exhumed.
Chapter 5.5 Gaussberg: volcanology and petrology
Authors: Smellie J. L. , Collerson K. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Gaussberg is a nunatak composed of lamproite pillow lava situated on the coast of East Antarctica. It is the most isolated Quaternary volcanic centre in Antarctica but it is important palaeoenvironmentally and petrologically out of all proportion to its small size. The edifice has a likely low, shield-like, morphology
c.
1200 m high and possibly up to 10 km wide, which is unusually large for a lamproite construct. Gaussberg was erupted subglacially at 56 ± 5 ka, which places it late in the last glacial, close to the peak of marine isotope stage 3. The coeval ice sheet was
c.
1300 m thick, and
c.
420 m has been removed from the ice surface since Gaussberg erupted. Lamproite is a rare ultrapotassic mantle-derived magma, and Gaussberg is one of two type examples worldwide. Although traditionally considered as related in some way to the Kerguelen plume, it is more likely that the Gaussberg magma is a product of a separate magmatic event. It is ascribed to the storage and long-term (Gy) isolation of sediment emplaced by subduction in the Transition Zone of the deep mantle, followed by entrainment and subsequent melting in a plume.
Dietary Fructose Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Carreño Daniela V. , Corro Néstor B. , Cerda-Infante Javier F. , Echeverría Carolina E. , Asencio-Barría Catalina A. , Torres-Estay Verónica A. , Mayorga-Weber Gonzalo A. , Rojas Pablo A. , Véliz Loreto P. , Cisternas Pedro A. , Montecinos Viviana P. , San Francisco Ignacio F. , Varas-Godoy Manuel A. , Sotomayor Paula C. , Castro Maite A. , Nualart Francisco J. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. , Godoy Alejandro S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Clinical localization of primary tumors and sites of metastasis by PET is based on the enhanced cellular uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). In prostate cancer, however, PET-FDG imaging has shown limited clinical applicability, suggesting that prostate cancer cells may utilize hexoses other than glucose, such as fructose, as the preferred energy source. Our previous studies suggested that prostate cancer cells overexpress fructose transporters, but not glucose transporters, compared with benign cells. Here, we focused on validating the functional expression of fructose transporters and determining whether fructose can modulate the biology of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Fructose transporters, Glut5 and Glut9, were significantly upregulated in clinical specimens of prostate cancer when compared with their benign counterparts. Fructose levels in the serum of patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher than healthy subjects. Functional expression of fructose transporters was confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines. A detailed kinetic characterization indicated that Glut5 represents the main functional contributor in mediating fructose transport in prostate cancer cells. Fructose stimulated proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro. In addition, dietary fructose increased the growth of prostate cancer cell line–derived xenograft tumors and promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation in patient-derived xenografts. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that fructose stimulation enriched for proliferation-related pathways in prostate cancer cells. These results demonstrate that fructose promotes prostate cancer cell growth and aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo and may represent an alternative energy source for prostate cancer cells.

Significance:
This study identifies increased expression of fructose transporters in prostate cancer and demonstrates a role for fructose as a key metabolic substrate supporting prostate cancer cells, revealing potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Bisphosphonate Use and Breast Cancer Risk among Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Flanagan Meghan R. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Porter Peggy L. , Malone Kathleen E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Women with a history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have an elevated risk of a subsequent invasive breast cancer, but there are few established potentially modifiable factors known to lower this risk. Bisphosphonates are a commonly used treatment for patients with osteoporosis and have been shown to lower risks of recurrence and mortality in patients with invasive breast cancer; however, their use has not previously been investigated within the context of DCIS. Utilizing a population-based nested case–control design, we compared 301 cases of women diagnosed with DCIS and a subsequent breast cancer and 587 individually matched controls (on age, DCIS diagnosis year, primary treatment, histology, grade, and disease-free survival time) who were diagnosed with DCIS but never a subsequent breast cancer. Information on recency and duration of bisphosphonate use was ascertained from patient interviews and medical record reviews. Current users of bisphosphonates had a reduced risk of developing an invasive breast cancer compared with never users [OR = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26–0.99]. Users of bisphosphonates for ≥48 months had a similar reduction in risk (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24–1.06). This is the first study to document that bisphosphonate use is associated with a lower risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer among women with a history of DCIS. This finding is consistent with the protective effect of bisphosphonates observed in other breast cancer settings. If validated by others, bisphosphonates may be an effective risk-reducing approach with the potential added benefits of its positive impacts on bone health and fracture risk.

Significance:
This study finds that bisphosphonate use among women with a history of DCIS is associated with lower risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, providing a potential preventative approach for this high-risk population.
O uso de amuletos como prática da religiosidade no Egito do Reino Novo (1550-1070 a.C)
Authors: Arroyo Victoria 
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo procuraremos demonstrar como o uso de amuletos no Antigo Egito é uma expressão da religiosidade das pessoas nessa sociedade - aqui entendida como um conceito que abrange piedade, crenças e práticas pessoais. Através de fórmulas mágicas que confirmam a prescrição de amuletos para diversas situações da vida, como parto, mortalidade infantil e ataques de animais perigosos, atestaremos que o emprego de amuletos era considerado uma maneira apropriada de superar essas situações com sucesso. A efetividade dessas prescrições é corroborada pela cultura material em enterramentos no sítio de Gurob que refletem os mesmos padrões de uso em relação a quais tipos de amuletos eram utilizados, a posição em que estavam e com quem eram depositados. Dessa maneira, fontes textuais estudadas juntamente com dados arqueológicos possibilitarão a compreensão dos amuletos como uma prática que expressa crenças religiosas pessoais.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Combination Therapy for Patients With Systemic Sclerosis–Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Tran‐Duy An , Morrisroe Kathleen , Clarke Philip , Stevens Wendy , Proudman Susanna , Sahhar Joanne , Nikpour Mandana ,   Australian Scleroderma Interest Group (ASIG)
Published: March 2021

Background
To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of combination pulmonary arterial hypertension specific therapy in systemic sclerosis–related PAH.

Methods and Results
Health outcomes and costs were captured through data linkage. Health utility was derived from Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 scores. A probabilistic discrete‐time model was developed to simulate lifetime changes in costs and health utility. Mortality was predicted using a Gompertz parametric survival model. For both treatment arms, the simulations were started using the same cohort of 10 000 patients. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed using the Monte Carlo simulation with 1000 sets of sampled parameter values. Of 143 patients with systemic sclerosis–related pulmonary arterial hypertension, 89 were on monotherapy and 54 on combination therapy. Mean simulated costs per patient per year in monotherapy and combination therapy groups were AU$23 411 (US$16 080) and AU$29 129 (US$19 982), respectively. Mean life years and quality‐adjusted life years from pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosis to death of patients receiving monotherapy were 7.1 and 3.0, respectively, and of those receiving combination therapy were 9.2 and 3.9, respectively. Incremental costs per life year and quality‐adjusted life year gained of combination therapy compared with monotherapy were AU$47 989 (US$32 920) and AU$113 823 (US$78 082), respectively. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of AU$102 000 (US$69 972) per life year gained, and of AU$177 222 (US$121 574) per quality‐adjusted life year gained, the probability of combination therapy being cost‐effective was 0.95.

Conclusions
The incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year gained of combination therapy compared with monotherapy was substantial in the base case analysis. Given the fatal prognosis of systemic sclerosis–related pulmonary arterial hypertension and the incremental cost per life year of AU$47 989 (US$32 920), combination therapy could be considered cost‐effective in systemic sclerosis–related pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Electrophysiological and Pathological Impact of Medium‐Dose External Carbon Ion and Proton Beam Radiation on the Left Ventricle in an Animal Model
Authors: Takami Mitsuru , Hara Tetsuya , Okimoto Tomoaki , Suga Masaki , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Suehiro Hideya , Akita Tomomi , Takemoto Makoto , Nakamura Toshihiro , Sakai Jun , Yatomi Atsusuke , Nakasone Kazutaka , Sonoda Yusuke , Yamamoto Kyoko , Takahara Hiroyuki , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: March 2021

Background
Medium‐dose (25 gray) x‐ray radiation therapy has recently been performed on patients with refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Unlike x‐ray, carbon ion and proton beam radiation can deliver most of their energy to the target tissues. This study investigated the electrophysiological and pathological changes caused by medium‐dose carbon ion and proton beam radiation in the left ventricle (LV).

Methods and Results
External beam radiation in the whole LV was performed in 32 rabbits. A total of 9 rabbits were not irradiated (control). At the 3‐month or 6‐month follow‐up, the animals underwent an open‐chest electrophysiological study and were euthanized for histological analyses. No acute death occurred. Significant LV dysfunction was not seen. The surface ECG revealed a significant reduction in the P and QRS wave voltages in the radiation groups. The electrophysiological study showed that the local conduction times in each LV site were significantly longer and that the local LV bipolar voltages were significantly lower in the radiation groups than in the control rabbits. Histologically, apoptosis, fibrotic changes, and a decrease in the expression of the connexin 43 protein were seen in the LV myocardium. These changes were obvious at 3 months, and the effects were sustained 6 months after radiation. No histological changes were seen in the coronary artery and esophagus, but partial radiation pneumonitis was observed.

Conclusions
Medium‐dose carbon ion and proton beam radiation in the whole LV resulted in a significant electrophysiological disturbance and pathological changes in the myocardium. Radiation of the arrhythmogenic substrate would modify the electrical status and potentially induce the antiarrhythmic effect.
Recombinant Soluble Corin Improves Cardiac Function in Mouse Models of Heart Failure
Authors: Niu Yayan , Zhang Shengnan , Gu Xiabing , Zhou Tiantian , Li Feng , Liu Meng , Wu Qingyu , Dong Ningzheng 
Published: March 2021

Background
Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates ANP and BNP (atrial and B‐type natriuretic peptides). Impaired corin expression and function are associated with heart failure. In this study, we characterized a soluble form of corin (sCorin) and examined its effects on cardiac morphology and function in mouse heart failure models.

Methods and Results
sCorin, consisting of the full‐length extracellular fragment of human corin with an engineered activation site, was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, purified from the conditioned medium with affinity chromatography, and characterized in pro‐ANP processing assays in vitro and pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Effects of sCorin on mouse models of heart failure induced by left coronary artery ligation and transverse aortic constriction were assessed by ELISA analysis of plasma markers, histologic examination, and echocardiography. We showed that purified and activated sCorin converted pro‐ANP to ANP that stimulated cGMP production in cultured cells. In mice, intravenously and intraperitoneally administered sCorin had plasma half‐lives of 3.5±0.1 and 8.3±0.3 hour, respectively. In the mouse heart failure models, intraperitoneal injection of sCorin increased plasma ANP, BNP, and cGMP levels; lowered plasma levels of NT‐proANP (N‐terminal‐pro‐ANP), angiotensin II, and aldosterone; reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; and improved cardiac function.

Conclusions
We show that sCorin treatment enhanced natriuretic peptide processing and activity, suppressed the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, and improved cardiac morphology and function in mice with failing hearts.
“Where the great serpent of Slavery … basks himself all summer long”1: Antebellum Newport and the South
Authors: Rohrs Richard C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conventional wisdom states that New England was unsympathetic toward the South in the decades before the Civil War. The region's attitudes, however, were not homogeneous. In Newport, Rhode Island, a town dependent upon tourism and real estate investment, residents empathized with Southerners and the sectional issues that concerned them.
The effects of COVID-19 litter on animal life
Authors: Hiemstra Auke-Florian , Rambonnet Liselotte , Gravendeel Barbara , Schilthuizen Menno 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is massively used, resulting in a new wave of litter: protective face masks and gloves. Here we present the first case of a fish entrapped in a medical glove, encountered during a canal clean-up in Leiden, The Netherlands. We also report the first cases of birds using medical face masks as nesting material, which were also found in the Dutch canals. To place these new findings in context, we collected online reported interactions of animals with PPE litter, since the start of the pandemic. This resulted in the first overview of cases of entanglement, entrapment and ingestion of COVID-19 litter by animals and the use of it as nesting material. We signal COVID-19 litter as a new threat to animal life as the materials designed to keep us safe are actually harming animals around us. To understand the full scale of this problem, we welcome anyone to contribute to our overview by submitting their observations online at www.covidlitter.com. To further prevent PPE litter, it is recommended that, when possible, reusable alternatives are used.
To Negotiate or Not-to Negotiate with the FDLR Rebels? President Kikwete and Tanzania’s Foreign Policy towards Rwanda (2013–2015)
Authors: Minde Nicodemus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article challenges traditional approaches to inter-state relations and reinforces the actor-specific nature of foreign policy analysis. Using individual decision-making theory based on the personalities of key political actors, this article proposes a case study on the foreign policy decision outcome by Tanzania’s President Jakaya Kikwete, in response to the 2013 diplomatic row with Rwanda. Tanzania’s relations with Rwanda have historically been cordial. However, President Kikwete’s proposal for Rwanda to negotiate with the rebel group Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) at the African Union Summit in Addis Ababa in 2013 was not well received by Rwanda. The FDLR is a Hutu rebel outfit based in Eastern DRC, consisting of surviving Hutus who had fled into DRC, after the 1994 genocide. This article argues that in view of the diplomatic row that ensued, Kikwete’s response supports current theories on the role played by a key political actor’s personality in the foreign policy decision-making process.
Accession by Tanzania to the Marrakesh Treaty on Access to Publications for Visually Impaired Persons: Policy and Legal Implications
Authors: Mwakaje Saudin J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accession by Tanzania to the Marrakesh Treaty has set up a new legal platform and benchmark which calls for national policy and regulatory review, particularly to the legislation governing copyright and rights of persons with disabilities. From its inception, copyright law hinges on a cautiously tailored regulatory approach calculated to accommodate competing interests of the copyright owners and users. The legislative thrust centers on devising a balanced approach cognizant of the need to promote artistic and literary creativity while at the same time making copyright law serve broader public interests. The Marrakesh Treaty was negotiated and subsequently adopted along the lines of public interest considerations. It seeks to create a defined legal framework that would facilitate access to the published materials and other information in accessible format for persons who are print disabled. Tanzania accessed the Treaty in the year 2020. Thus, this paper explores the policy and legislative implications to Tanzania pursuant to her accession to the Treaty. It concludes by highlighting that, a holistic policy and legislative review is necessary in order for Tanzania to fully adhere to its obligations under the Treaty.