bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Graphene‐Based 3000 K Probe
Authors: Liang Zhiqiang , Yao Yonggang , Jiang Bo , Wang Xizheng , Xie Hua , Jiao Miaolun , Liang Chu , Qiao Haiyu , Kline Dylan , Zachariah Michael R. , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature heating is ubiquitously utilized in material synthesis and manufacturing, which often features a rapid production rate due to the significantly improved kinetics. However, current technologies generally provide overall and steady‐state heating, thereby limiting their applications in micro/nano‐manufacturing that require selective patterning and swift heating. Herein, significantly improved control over small‐scale heating is reported by utilizing 3D printed reduced‐graphene‐oxide (RGO) probe triggered by electrical Joule heating, which enables precise heating with high spatial (sub‐millimeter scale) and temporal (milliseconds) resolutions. The block copolymer‐modified aqueous‐based RGO ink enabled 3D printing of high‐precision structures, and a bio‐inspired cellular microstructure is constructed to achieve control of the electrical conductivity and maximize structure robustness (benefit for efficient heating and operability). In particular, a thermal probe featuring a microscale tip with excellent heating capabilities (up to ≈3000 K, ultra‐fast ramping rate of ≈105 K s−1, and durations in milliseconds) is fabricated. This thermal probe is ideal for surface patterning, as it is demonstrated for the selective synthesis of patterned metal (i.e., platinum and silver) nanoparticles on nano‐carbon substrates, which is not possible by traditional steady‐state heating. The material construction and heating strategy can be readily extended to a range of applications requiring precise control on high‐temperature heating.
Ball‐Cactus‐Like Bi Embedded in N‐Riched Carbon Nanonetworks Enables the Best Potassium Storage Performance
Authors: Cui Rong Chao , Zhou Hong Yu , Li Jian Chen , Yang Chun Cheng , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe potassium‐ion battery (PIB) has emerged as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. The major challenges confronted by PIB anodes lie in sluggish kinetics and poor cycling stability owing to the inherent large K+ size. Here, a hybrid of ball‐cactus‐like Bi nanospheres embedded in 3D N‐riched carbon nanonetworks (Bi NSs/NCNs) is designed and synthesized by electrospinning. As an anode, Bi NSs/NCNs exhibits an unprecedented rate (489.3 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1) and long‐cycling performance (457.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 after 2000 cycles), outperforming all reported PIB anode materials. Such outstanding performance mainly originates from the stable solid‐electrolyte interface formed in the glyme‐based electrolyte and the unique interconnected porous nanostructure, both of which contribute to fast kinetics and high pseudocapacitive contributions upon cycling.
Renal Regeneration: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Current ECM‐Based Tissue Engineered Strategies
Authors: Sobreiro‐Almeida Rita , Quinteira Rita , Neves Nuno M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural extracellular matrices (ECM) are currently being studied as an alternative source for organ transplantation or as new solutions to treat kidney injuries, which can evolve to end‐stage renal disease, a life devastating condition. This paper provides an overview on the current knowledge in kidney ECM and its usefulness on future investigations. The composition and structure of kidney ECM is herein associated with its intrinsic capacity of remodeling and repair after insult. Moreover, it provides a deeper insight on altered ECM components during disease. The use of decellularized kidney matrices is discussed in the second part of the review, with emphasis on how these matrices contribute to tissue‐specific differentiation of embryonic, pluripotent, and other stem cells. The evolution on the field toward different uses of xenogeneic ECM as a biological scaffold material is discussed, namely the major outcomes on whole kidney recellularization and its in vivo implantation. At last, the recent literature on the use of processed kidney decellularized ECM to produce diverse biomaterial substrates, such as hydrogels, membranes, and bioinks are reviewed, with emphasis on future perspectives of its translation into the clinic.
Core Cross‐Linked Polymeric Micelles for Specific Iron Delivery: Inducing Sterile Inflammation in Macrophages
Authors: Bauer Tobias A. , Horvat Natalie K. , Marques Oriana , Chocarro Sara , Mertens Christina , Colucci Silvia , Schmitt Sascha , Carrella Luca M. , Morsbach Svenja , Koynov Kaloian , Fenaroli Federico , Blümler Peter , Jung Michaela , Sotillo Rocio , Hentze Matthias W. , Muckenthaler Martina U. , Barz Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIron is an essential co‐factor for cellular processes. In the immune system, it can activate macrophages and represents a potential therapeutic for various diseases. To specifically deliver iron to macrophages, iron oxide nanoparticles are embedded in polymeric micelles of reactive polysarcosine‐block‐poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine). Upon surface functionalization via dihydrolipoic acid, iron oxide cores act as crosslinker themselves and undergo chemoselective disulfide bond formation with the surrounding poly(S‐ethylsulfonyl‐l‐cysteine) block, yielding glutathione‐responsive core cross‐linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs). When applied to primary murine and human macrophages, these nanoparticles display preferential uptake, sustained intracellular iron release, and induce a strong inflammatory response. This response is also demonstrated in vivo when nanoparticles are intratracheally administered to wild‐type C57Bl/6N mice. Most importantly, the controlled release concept to deliver iron oxide in redox‐responsive CCPMs induces significantly stronger macrophage activation than any other iron source at identical iron levels (e.g., Feraheme), directing to a new class of immune therapeutics.
Band Engineering of Dirac Semimetals Using Charge Density Waves
Authors: Lei Shiming , Teicher Samuel M. L. , Topp Andreas , Cai Kehan , Lin Jingjing , Cheng Guangming , Salters Tyger H. , Rodolakis Fanny , McChesney Jessica L. , Lapidus Saul , Yao Nan , Krivenkov Maxim , Marchenko Dmitry , Varykhalov Andrei , Ast Christian R. , Car Roberto , Cano Jennifer , Vergniory Maia G. , Ong N. Phuan , Schoop Leslie M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew developments in the field of topological matter are often driven by materials discovery, including novel topological insulators, Dirac semimetals, and Weyl semimetals. In the last few years, large efforts have been made to classify all known inorganic materials with respect to their topology. Unfortunately, a large number of topological materials suffer from non‐ideal band structures. For example, topological bands are frequently convoluted with trivial ones, and band structure features of interest can appear far below the Fermi level. This leaves just a handful of materials that are intensively studied. Finding strategies to design new topological materials is a solution. Here, a new mechanism is introduced, which is based on charge density waves and non‐symmorphic symmetry, to design an idealized Dirac semimetal. It is then shown experimentally that the antiferromagnetic compound GdSb0.46Te1.48 is a nearly ideal Dirac semimetal based on the proposed mechanism, meaning that most interfering bands at the Fermi level are suppressed. Its highly unusual transport behavior points to a thus far unknown regime, in which Dirac carriers with Fermi energy very close to the node seem to gradually localize in the presence of lattice and magnetic disorder.
Constraint Relation Between Steerability and Concurrence for Two‐Qubit States
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Gang , Yang Huan , Ming Fei , Wang Dong , Ye Liu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEntanglement and steering are used to describe quantum correlation. And steerable states form a strict subset of entangled states. A natural question arises concerning how much territory steerability occupies entanglement for a general two‐qubit entangled state. In this work, the constraint relation between steerability and concurrence is investigated by using two kinds of evolutionary states and any two‐qubit states (or lots of randomly generated states). By combining the theoretical and numerical proofs, the upper and lower boundaries of steerability are obtained. And the lower boundary can be used as a sufficient criterion for steering detection. Furthermore, a special kind of mixed state transformed by performing an arbitrary unitary transformation on Werner‐like state is considered, and a sufficient steering criterion described by concurrence and purity is proposed.
(Iminopyridine)Pd (II) complexes as versatile catalysts for copolymerization and terpolymerization of vinyl arene, ethylene, and carbon monoxide
Authors: Lee Seulchan , Chae Ju‐Hyung , Yang Yongmoon , Lee In‐Hwan , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPalladium catalysts modified with iminopyridine ligands were employed for ethylene/CO and styrene/CO copolymerization and ethylene/styrene/CO terpolymerization. Our studies revealed that the steric and electronic effects of the catalysts play key, yet distinct roles in these polymerization reactions. The thermal properties of the polyketones were engineered by varying the styrene content in terpolymers derived from ethylene, styrene, and CO sources, with increased styrene ratios yielding reduced polyketone crystallinity.
Facile synthesis of silica‐polymer monoliths using nonionic triblock copolymer surfactant for efficient removal of radioactive pollutants from contaminated seawater
Authors: Abdelmageed Nada , El‐Said Waleed A. , Younes Ahmed A. , Atrees Mohamed S. , Farag Abdelfatah B. , Elshehy Emad A. , Abdelkader Amr M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere, we introduce a highly porous functional mesoscopically silica‐polymer composite based on silica monolith‐conjugated thiourea/formaldehyde copolymer. The developed nanostructure enables selective and fast removal of the radioactive pollutants strontium (Sr[II]) and cesium (Cs[I]) ions from contaminated seawater. The silica/polymer composite was synthesized by introducing thiourea/formaldehyde solution into tetramethoxy orthosilicate/triblock copolymer emulsion. The chemical and textural features of the synthesized silica/thiourea‐formaldehyde polymer composite (SiO2‐TUF) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, dynamic light scattering, thermal analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. The synthesized microporous SiO2‐TUF showed excellent cesium and strontium ions removal ability, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 78.2 and 40.3 mg g−1 for Sr(II) and Cs(I), respectively. When tested with seawater contaminated with radioactive cesium and strontium, SiO2‐TUF was able to selectively target Sr(II) and Cs(I) ions. Among the different types of adsorption isotherms investigated, Sips isotherm showed the best fit with R2 > 0.990. The kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second‐order model gave the best description of the uptake process.
Dynamic mechanical properties and flexing fatigue resistance of tire sidewall rubber as function of waste tire rubber reclaiming degree
Authors: Ma Lan , Zhang Zhen , Peng Zonglin , Formela Krzysztof , Wang Shifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA stepwise downsizing method of gel particles in reclaimed rubber to a micro‐nano scale and its excellent dynamic performance in tire sidewall were introduced by this work. The results showed that the size of gel particles decreased from several micrometers to micro‐nanometers with the increase of reclaiming degree, accompanied by reduced molecular weight and widened molecular weight distribution of sol fraction. The addition of reclaimed rubber with low Mooney viscosity improved the dynamic mechanical properties of the natural rubber/butadiene rubber blends effectively, including wet resistance and rolling resistance. Moreover, the flexing fatigue resistance has also been improved dozens of times compared to traditional tire sidewall.
Intramolecularly Double‐Donor‐Stabilized Stannylene and Its Coordination towards Ag(I) and Au(I) Centers
Authors: Chibde Purva , Raut Ravindra K. , Kumar Vikas , Deb Rahul , Gonnade Rajesh , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe intramolecularly double‐donor‐stabilized stannylene 1 has been synthesized from the salt‐metathesis reaction between two equivalents of lithium pyridine ene‐amide L1 and SnCl2. Compound 1 exhibits dipolar behavior when reacted with B(C6F5)3 leading to the zwitterionic compound 2. The reaction of 1 with one equivalent and 0.5 equivalent of AgOTf (OTf=trifluoromethane sulfonate) result in the formation of a stannylene‐AgOTf complex 3 and a homoleptic distannylene‐silver ionic complex 4, respectively. Analogous to complex 4, the gold(I) complex 5 has been synthesized from the reaction between two equivalents of 1 and 0.5 equivalent of AuCl.SMe2/Me3SiOTf. Complex 5 is the first example of homoleptic stannylene‐Au(I) ionic complex among the very scarce reports on stannylene‐gold(I) coordination complexes. All compounds have been structurally characterized using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Solution‐state characterization have been performed using multinuclear NMR techniques. Detailed DFT calculations on the optimized geometries 1 o, 3 o–5 o reveal the change in sp‐ hybridization on the pyramidal Sn(II) center upon metal coordination and their bonding overlaps.
Abnormal N‐heterocyclic Carbene Based Ni(II) π‐allyl Complex towards Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Das Arpan , Chakraborty Soumi , Mandal Swadhin K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based Ni(II) π‐allyl complexes (3 and 4) were synthesized starting from a Ni(0) precursor. These complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography (4) and elemental analysis data. The underlying mechanism for the formation of Ni(II) η3‐allyl complexes from a Ni(0) precursor on treatment with a free abnormal N‐heterocyclic carbene in absence of any external additive or oxidant was unraveled. Later, complex 3 was exposed to O2 gas under ambient pressure resulting in molecular oxygen activation to form a μ‐hydroxo bridged Ni(II) dimer.
Spatial dependence in small cooperative bank risk behavior and its effects on bank competitiveness and SMEs
Authors: Algeri Carmelo , Forgione Antonio F. , Mucciardi Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article we consider the effects of the inclusion of spatial dependence in the empirical model measuring small cooperative banks' risk performance. In the presence of cross‐sectional dependence, spatial analysis deals with co‐movement among geographical units, allowing for the evaluation of spillover effects and improving econometric models. The article makes several contributions to the literature. First, we support the hypothesis that the inclusion of spatial terms improves small bank soundness models. Second, with the Z Score used as a proxy for bank soundness, we indirectly test the impacts of relationship lending on small firms, which is a classic tool adopted by small banks to assess the creditworthiness of small firms. Third, since we control for banks' market power, we expand the literature on the relationship between bank risk and market competitive pressure. Finally, we find empirical evidence that bank size does affect the financial standing of small banks.
The content of astrophysical jets
Authors: Romero Gustavo E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJets, collimated outflows of particles and fields, are observed in a wide variety of astrophysical systems, including Active Galactic Nuclei of various types, micro‐quasars, gamma‐ray bursts, and young stellar objects. Despite intensive efforts along several decades of observational and theoretical research, there are still many uncertainties and open questions related to how jets are produced and what is their composition. In this review, I offer an outline of some current views on the content and basic properties of astrophysical jets.
Unsupervised motion capture data segmentation based on topic model
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Bao Xizhao , Xie Shunbo , Wei Guoli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an unsupervised motion segmentation method based on topical model borrowed from Natural Language Processing. We apply hierarchical clustering on motion dataset to obtain a list of representative poses to constitute motion 'vocabulary'. By doing so, motion capture data can be viewed as text which comprises a sequence of motion words. We use sliding window to generate a sequence of motion documents (with overlap between consecutive motion documents). Then we use Sparse Topical Coding (STC) model to extract sparse topical codes of motion documents and conduct spectral clustering to get motion segmentations. Silhouette coefficient is used to determine the value of K (number of motion types). The results of experiments show that our method can segment motions with a very high accuracy. Our method has a strong generalization ability that also performs well on motion data which is captured by different subjects, with various motion types, even though they are from different motion dataset (HDM05 in our experiment).
A Rare Dirhamnosyl Flavonoid and Other Radical‐Scavenging Metabolites from Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunt) Seem. (Capparaceae) of Ecuador
Authors: Morocho Vladimir , Valarezo Leslye Paola , Tapia David Andrés , Cartuche Luis , Cumbicus Nixon , Gilardoni Gianluca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe phytochemistry of Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth), both belonging to the family Capparaceae, were investigated in this study for the first time. Lupeol, betulin, lutein, stachydrine and quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside were isolated from C. mollis, whereas C. scabridum afforded lupeol, lutein, stachydrine, β‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, betonicine and narcissoside. All these compounds were purified by preparative liquid chromatography, in both open column and instrumental (MPLC) separation systems. Preparative TLC was also applied. They were all identified by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR experiments. The complete structure of the very rare flavonoid quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside was fully elucidated through DEPT‐135, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments, together with UV/VIS and FT‐IR spectrophotometry. Complete NMR data for quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside in deuterated methanol were presented here for the first time. All the extracts did not exert antioxidant activity at the maximum tested dose of 1 mg/mL. Three out of the nine isolated compounds exerted a good spectrum of antioxidant capacity, being narcissoside the most active against ABTS radicals, with SC50=12.43 μM. It was followed by lutein and quercetin‐3,4’‐di‐O‐rhamnoside, with 40.92 μM and 46.10 μM, respectively.
The Effect of Interlayer Anion Grafting on Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis: A Comparative Study of Ni‐ and Co‐Based Brucite‐Type Layered Hydroxides, Layered Double Hydroxides and Hydroxynitrate Salts
Authors: Radha A. V. , Weiß Sebastian , Sanjuán Ignacio , Ertl Michael , Andronescu Corina , Breu Josef 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe urge for carbon‐neutral green energy conversion and storage technologies has invoked the resurgence of interest in applying brucite‐type materials as low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in basic media. Transition metal layered hydroxides belonging to the brucite‐type structure family have been shown to display remarkable electrochemical activity. Recent studies on the earth‐abundant Fe3+ containing mössbauerite and Fe3+ rich Co−Fe layered oxyhydroxide carbonates have suggested that grafted interlayer anions might play a key role in OER catalysis. To probe the effect of such interlayer anion grafting in brucite‐like layered hydroxides, we report here a systematic study on the electrocatalytic performance of three distinct Ni and Co brucite‐type layered structures, namely, (i) brucite‐type M(OH)2 without any interlayer anions, (ii) LDHs with free interlayer anions, and (iii) hydroxynitrate salts with grafted interlayer anions. The electrochemical results indeed show that grafting has an evident impact on the electronic structure and the observed OER activity. Ni‐ and Co‐hydroxynitrate salts with grafted anions display notably earlier formations of the electrocatalytically active species. Particularly Co‐hydroxynitrate salts exhibit lower overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (η=0.34 V) and medium current densities of 100 mA cm−2 (η=0.40 V) compared to the corresponding brucite‐type hydroxides and LDH materials.
A Computer‐Driven Scaffold‐Hopping Approach Generating New PTP1B Inhibitors from the Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline Core
Authors: García‐Marín Javier , Griera Mercedes , Alajarín Ramón , Rodríguez‐Puyol Manuel , Rodríguez‐Puyol Diego , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a very promising target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus. Although it was validated as a promising target for this disease more than 30 years ago, as yet there is no drug in advanced clinical trials, and its biochemical mechanism and functions are still being studied. In the present study, based on our experience generating PTP1B inhibitors, we have developed and implemented a scaffold‐hopping approach to vary the pyrrole ring of the pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline core, supported by extensive computational techniques aimed to explain the molecular interaction with PTP1B. Using a combination of docking, molecular dynamics and end‐point free‐energy calculations, we have rationally designed a hypothesis for new PTP1B inhibitors, supporting their recognition mechanism at a molecular level. After the design phase, we were able to easily synthesize proposed candidates and their evaluation against PTP1B was found to be in good concordance with our predictions. Moreover, the best candidates exhibited glucose uptake increments in cellulo model, thus confirming their utility for PTP1B inhibition and validating this approach for inhibitors design and molecules thus obtained.