bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of autoregulatory indexes on spontaneous variations with linear support vector machines (1184.9)
Authors: Chacon Max , Bello Felipe , Jara José , Panerai Ronney 
Published: June 2021

Comparison of Autoregulatory Indexes on Spontaneous Variations with Linear Support Vector MachinesMax Chacón1, Felipe Bello1, JL Jara1, Ronney B. Panerai2: 1Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avda. Ecuador 3659, 9170124, Santiago, Chile. 2Department of Cardiovascular Science, Leicester University, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.Linear Support Vector Machines (lSVMs) were used to model the relationship between signals of spontaneous variations in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) of 16 healthy subjects in two capnic conditions: normocapnia and hypercapnia (5% CO2). Each model was trained with a section of 2.5 m of the recorded signals and evaluated by means of correlation analysis on another 2.5 m section. Signals were sampled at 0,6 s.The classic index of autoregulation (ARI) and a recently‐proposed index, named model‐free ARI (mfARI), were calculated for the step response of the models. Paired tests were applied to determine significant differences between capnic conditions and between indexes. Sensitivity and Specificity were also estimated considering that subjects in hypercapnia should exhibit impaired autoregulation and a normality threshold of 5 for both indexes.Table 1 summarizes the results. Both indexes found significant differences between capnic conditions. mfARI values were significantly lower than ARI values for subject in hypercapnia, and yielded a more balanced discrimination between normal and abnormal autoregulation.Tabla 1: Results

Normocapniamean index
Hypercapniamean index
Diff. between capnic states
Sensitivity
Specificity

Correlation coeff.
0.593
0.662

ARI
6.288
5.400
p=0.019
92%
50%

mfARI
5.863
3.305
p=0.001
69%
75%

Diff. between indices
p=0.055
p<0.001
Perfection of blood donors selection process organization in Kazakhstan (1185.2)
Authors: Magzumova R. , Turgambayeva A. , Omarova A. , Omarkulov B. , Alihanova K. , Kulov D. 
Published: June 2021

Currently, there are not normative‐legal acts regulating informative cooperation of these organizations in Kazakhstan. We carried out content‐analysis of productive activity indicators for 2008‐2012 years in seventeen Blood Centers of Donorshipindicators: the number of removed handling at the stage before blood donorship.Specific density of absolute rejectsin general numberof Transfusions increased to 1, 24% in 2012compared with 2008 in comparative measures in Kazakhstan.Specific densityof rejects on hemotransmissible infections composes 7, 0% in 2012 on the average in The Republic of Kazakhstan.Strong insignificant growth of the number of rejection on the stage before blood donorshipis noted. Average index composed 14, 2% in 2008, 15, 4% in 2009,15, 6% in 2010,and 15, 8% in 2011.Thus, on the basis of data,obtained in the result of analysis of efficiency of blood donors selection process organization on the stage before blood donorship, we made plan of priority directions on perfection of donorship of blood and its components in Blood Service of Kazakhstan; it is appropriately to develop the national standards of donors selection, based on epidemiology data on the country and on population segment; for information obtaining about persons not subject to participating in a donorshipit is legislatively to define the order of cooperation between concerned parties.
Understanding decision moments in infant feeding trajectories to improve interventions (119.4)
Authors: Zongrone A.A. , Menon P , Roopnaraine T , Bhuiyan M.I. , Pelto G.H. , Constas M , Rasmussen K.M. , Saha K.K. , Stoltzfus R.J. 
Published: June 2021

Behavioral interventions have been used to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) with varying success. “Decision moments” (DMs), critical junctures at which caregivers make choices about IYCF are often key intervention targets. The behavior resulting from DMs determines what and how children are fed and thus their longitudinal pattern of feeding or “IYCF trajectory.” In the context of the Alive &amp; Thrive process evaluation in Bangladesh, we aimed to understand behavior at these critical junctures by identifying DMs, characterizing and describing “IYCF trajectory” patterns, and examining the influence of maternal and household capacities (M&amp;HCaps). We conducted longitudinal, in‐depth qualitative interviews (n=89 interviews in n=17 households) with mothers, fathers and grandmothers when the index child was 0‐6 and 7‐11 mo old. NVivo v10 was used for coding and analysis. Households were classified into 9 “IYCF trajectory” patterns based on a biomedical paradigm. “IYCF trajectory” patterns varied widely. DMs clustered at several times: after birth, and at 3‐4, 5‐6, 6‐7, and 7‐8 mo. The most influential M&amp;HCaps included financial and material resources, time, social support, supportive advice and beliefs. We conclude that DMs cluster at multiple times during IYCF trajectories, there is no single normative “IYCF trajectory” that characterizes the population, and interventions to influence critical DMs must identify and remedy inadequate M&amp;HCaps.Grant Funding Source: Alive & Thrive, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation & managed by FHI360; NIH(5T32HD007331)
Sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation in relation to the vitamin D status of breastfeeding mothers and infants in the Global Exploration of Human Milk study (119.8)
Authors: Dawodu Adekunle , Herbers Patricia , Davidson Barbara , Woo Jessica , Morrow Ardythe 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D (vD) deficiency in breastfeeding (BF) infants is reported worldwide, but comparison of its global prevalence and risk factors in BF women and their infants is scarce.The prevalence of and risk factors for vD deficiency was determined in a cohort of BF mothers and their infants in Mexico City, Mexico, Latitude 19 N, Shanghai, China, Latitude 31 N and Cincinnati, Ohio Latitude 39 N.360 mother‐infant pairs from the three sites were enrolled in the Global Exploration of Human Milk study. All delivered at term, planned to provide breast milk for at least 3 months. Serum 25(OH)D was measured in all mothers at 4 wks and in a subset of 47 Cincinnati, 35 Shanghai and 45 Mexican infants matched for fall and winter seasons and seen at 26 wks of life. Data were recorded prospectively on vD supplementation and sun exposures (sun index). vD deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D <50nmol/L.At 4 wks postpartum, mean maternal serum 25(OH)D differed (p<0.001) by site, ranging from 70.2 nmol/L in Cincinnati (n=119), to 48.6 nmol/L in Shanghai (n=112), and 48.2 nmol/L in Mexico City (n=113). vD deficiency was identified in 17%, 52% and 62% of Cincinnati, Shanghai and Mexican mothers, respectively (p<0.001). Regression analysis found vD supplementation (p<0.001), sun index (p=0.036), season (p=0.002), and education (p<0.001) to be independent predictors of maternal vD status. At 26 wks of age, mean 25(OH)D was higher in Shanghai (95.3 nmol/L) than Cincinnati (68.3 nmol/L) and Mexico infants (44.0 nmol/L), p<0.001. vD deficiency was found in 6%, 28%, and 62% of Shanghai, Cincinnati, and Mexican infants, respectively (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed sun index (p=0.03), season (p=0.001), formula feeding (p=0.01), and higher maternal 25(OH)D (p=0.03) to predict higher infant vD status.Vitamin D deficiency is common in BF mothers and infants worldwide, though the prevalence in diverse populations depends on sun exposure and vD supplementation behaviors. Greater attention to improve vD status is warranted.
Effect of eating frequency on evening meal energy intake (120.4)
Authors: Raynor Hollie , Collier J. Jason , Gellar Lauren , Zhao Ling , Chen Guoxun 
Published: June 2021

Little experimental research has examined the effect of eating frequency (EF) on energy intake. This study tested two EF prescriptions, MEAL and GRAZE, on energy intake during an ad lib evening meal. Twelve, healthy, normal‐weight, unrestrained, regularly active participants (22.7 +/‐ 4.2 yrs, 22.4 +/‐ 1.0 kg/m2, 58.3% female, 83.3% white) completed two, counterbalanced, EF conditions. Participants were given identical types and amounts of food to eat prior to an evening meal, providing 60% of estimated energy needs. All provided food was consumed between 7 am and 5 pm, in two bouts (MEAL) and in five bouts (GRAZE). Energy consumed during an ad lib 30‐min evening meal was determined by measuring the weight of food eaten. Hunger and fullness were measured by 100 mm visual analogue scales prior to and after the meal. A repeated measures ANOVA, controlling for condition order and objectively measured moderate‐to vigorous‐intensity physical activity, found MEAL ate less meal energy than GRAZE (839.1 +/‐ 290.0 kcal vs. 875.2 +/‐ 277.1 kcal, p < 0.01). Hunger was lower after than before the meal (62.1 +/‐ 18.5 mm vs. 9.8 +/‐ 8.4 mm, p < 0.05), with no condition difference. No difference in fullness in pre‐ and post‐meal measures or by condition occurred. Eating less frequently, as compared to more frequently, produced lower evening meal intake, with no differences in hunger and fullness ratings. Reduced evening meal consumption may be a consequence of reduced food cue exposure earlier in the day.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Tennessee
The effects of high or low iron status and male or female sex on the non‐transferrin‐bound iron response to oral iron supplementation (122.8)
Authors: Orozco Monica , Solomons Noel , Romero‐Abal Maria Eugenia , Samayoa Gabriela , Weiss Günter , Schümann Klaus 
Published: June 2021

Background: Fe status determines intestinal Fe‐absorption and internal metabolism. Recently, sex‐associated effects on Fe handling have been suggested as well. These hold implications for prophylactic or therapeutic oral Fe supplementation.Objective: To determine whether sex and/or Fe‐status influence the NTBI response to oral Fe.Methods: 40 subjects ‐‐10 men (LM) and 10 women (LW) with low Fe stores (70 µg ferritin/L) ‐‐ provided blood samples at baseline and at 90, 180 and 270 min after ingesting 100 mg Fe as FeSO4. Fe and NTBI were quantified with ferrozine‐based assay and a fluorometric competitive‐binding assay, respectively.Responses in serum were estimated as cumulative 3‐h absolute concentrations.Results: The respective ∑ 3‐h absolute concentrations (in µg/dL) were 820±124, 560±115, 714±61, and 772±198 for serum Fe (p=0.004), and 12±3, 14±4, 16±4, and 11±6 for serum NTBI (p=0.218) for the LM, AM, LW, and AW groups. Two‐way ANOVA interaction‐terms for Fe status and sex were statistically significant for the serum Fe and NTBI responses (p=0.003 and p=0.05).Conclusion: Among males, the serum Fe uptake response was diminished with adequate Fe status as compared to low status, but a corresponding status‐related differential was not seen among women. The NTBI response was equally mitigated across the entire spectrum of subject groups.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Hildegard Grunow Foundation
Dehydroglyasperin C, one of licorice‐derived prenylflavonoids, had antioxidant and cognitive enhancing properties (124.5)
Authors: Seo Ji Yeon 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an imbalance between reactive oxygen species formation and the capacity of antioxidant defenses. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the antioxidant properties of licorice‐derived prenylflavonoids such as dehydroglyasperin C(DGC), dehydroglyasperin D(DGD) and isoangustone A(IAA). In addition, we investigated the protective effect of DGC from the memory deficits and cognitive function impairment in scopolamine‐induced mice. The learning memory ability of mice was evaluated by passive avoidance test. While the spatial learning and memory abilities of mice were assessed by Y‐maze and Morris water maze tests. We found that DGC improved the cognitive function of mice injected with scopolamine in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, DGC recovered the scopolamine‐induced spatial memory deficiency as assessed by Y‐maze test. The inhibitory activity of DGC against acetylcholine esterase present in hippocampus and cerebral cortex extracts was also examined. In conclusion, these results suggest that DGC attenuates scopolamine‐induced memory impairment maybe through enhancement of the cholinergic nervous system via acetylcholine esterase inhibition as well as antioxidative activity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NRF‐2010‐0027204 and 2011‐0009782 and IPET (High Value‐added Food TechnologyDevelopment Program, 2012, 112066‐3), S. Korea
Cognition, nutrition and physical function in obese older women (124.7)
Authors: LoBuono Dara , Taetzch Amy , Quintanilla Dinah , Maris Stephen , Letendre Jonathan , Picard Allison , Delmonico Matthew , Xu Furong , Lofgren Ingrid , Mahler Leslie 
Published: June 2021

Obese older women are at increased risk of chronic diseases that lifestyle modifications can attenuate. Combined nutrition and physical activity interventions can improve dietary quality and physical function and reduce chronic disease risk, but how cognitive function is associated with these outcomes is unknown. Twenty‐six obese older women (65.3±8.1 years and BMI 38.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2) completed a 12‐week quasi‐experimental community‐based intervention, with a behaviorally‐based modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Tai Chi (TC) and resistance training (RT). Seventeen women were in the diet, TC+RT intervention group (EXD) and 9 were in the waiting control group (CON). Cognitive score was assessed via the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Mean baseline RBANS score was 88.1 ± 19.9. The dietary screening tool (DST) was used to assess dietary quality, mean baseline score was 62.3 ± 11.1, which equates to at possible nutrition risk. The short physical performance battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical function; mean baseline score was 8.5±2.6. Baseline RBANS were positively associated with baseline (r=0.39, p=0.03) and post‐intervention SPPB scores (r=0.40, p=0.05) of all participants. Cognitive status is associated with physical function and future research should consider cognitive levels to create appropriate interventions in the community.Grant Funding Source: College of Environment and Life Sciences Community Access to Research and Extension Services (CELS C
Mothers’ reasons for human milk expression and associations with human milk expression practices (131.3)
Authors: Felice Julia , Rasmussen Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

Most breastfeeding (BF) women in the U.S. use human milk (HM) expression (HME), or pumping, to feed HM. HME is used for many reasons that may affect how they implement HME. The characteristics of those who use HME for lactational (L) (engorgement, soreness, low supply), dyadic (D) (nursing unavailable or undesired by mother) or elective (E) (use in solids, emergency stock, donation) reasons are unknown as is whether these types of reasons affect HME practices. To address these issues, we used data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II cohort of ~3,000 dyads. Among women feeding HM, we used regression analysis to compare (L or D) v. E‐only reasons and found that the (L or D) group was more likely to use HME regularly than the E‐only group (OR 4.15, p = 0.03). Several maternal characteristics predicted both L and D reasons for HME. Cesarean birth and late lactogenesis II onset also predicted L reasons. Mothers who used HME for L reasons v. non‐L reasons had earlier start of regular HME (p = 0.026), which was not significant when adjusted for confounders. Mothers who used HME for D reasons v. non‐D reasons had later start of any HME after adjustment (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that reasons for HME differ across sociodemographic groups, and may affect the start and regularity of HME. Given the importance of and public health push for HM feeding, and ongoing rise in HME, these phenomena must be explored further.Grant Funding Source: NIH (T32DK007158)
Early formula supplementation and breastfeeding duration (131.4)
Authors: Perrine Cria , Chen Jian , Scanlon Kelley 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe how supplementation with infant formula in the first two days (F2D) of life is associated with breastfeeding duration in a nationally representative sample of US births.Methods: We analyzed data from the 2010 birth cohort of the National Immunization Survey. Among infants breastfeeding at 2 days (n=6636), we described prevalence of breastfeeding at 3, 6, and 12 months, by whether the infant received formula in the F2D. We used separate logistic regression models to describe how 2 day supplementation was associated with breastfeeding at each time point, adjusting for maternal socio‐demographic characteristics.Results: Among breastfeeding infants, 24.2% had been supplemented with formula in the F2D. Infants who had not received formula in the F2D were more likely to be still breastfeeding at 3 (83.8% vs. 75.7%), 6 (67.8% vs. 52.3%), and 12 (37.8% vs. 26.7%, all p<0.01) mo. In adjusted analyses, breastfeeding infants who did not receive formula in the F2D had increased odds of breastfeeding at 3 (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.10), 6 (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.35), and 12 (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.05) mo.Conclusion: Early supplementation of breastfeeding infants with formula may contribute to earlier cessation of breastfeeding. Improved hospital and professional support may help reduce early supplementation of breastfeeding infants, and thus improve rates of breastfeeding duration.
Maternal upper‐body circumferences predict human milk adiponectin concentration (131.8)
Authors: Minter Anne , Lee Seung‐ , Woo Jessica , Dolan Larry , Morrow Ardythe , Nommsen‐Rivers Laurie 
Published: June 2021

Prenatal measures explain little of human milk adiponectin (HMA) variation. We examined whether postpartum metabolic and fat depot measures predict HMA from milk sampled concurrently. Participants underwent a morning oral glucose tolerance test, anthropometry (hip, iliac crest, waist, and under‐breast circumferences; weight and BMI), and breast expression (N=20). Serum insulin, glucose, and total adiponectin were assayed, and insulin sensitivity and secretion were estimated. HMA was assayed using ELISA. Spearman rank coefficients and linear regression were used to examine relations with HMA. Serum adiponectin was the single significant metabolic correlate with HMA (r=0.45, p=0.048). HMA was not significantly correlated with BMI or weight, but became more negatively correlated with fat‐depot specific anthropometry with increasing proximity to the breast: hip (r=‐0.32, p=0.164); iliac crest (r=‐0.46, p=0.039); waist (r=‐0.50, p=0.025); under breast (r=‐0.56, p=0.011). Combined, serum adiponectin and waist circumference predicted 47% of HMA variation (p=0.002). Thus, upper body fat depots may be an important source of HMA independent of circulating adiponectin levels.Grant Funding Source: NIH 8 ULI TR000077
Evaluating the presence of formal nutrition and physical activity policies in childcare centers in North Carolina (132.1)
Authors: Erinosho Temitope , Mason Kamaria , Morris Ellie , Schwartz Marlene , Ward Dianne 
Published: June 2021

This study describes nutrition and physical activity (PA) policies in 50 childcare centers in North Carolina. Directors completed surveys about the presence or absence of policies, and provided copies of their centers’ policy documents. Reviews of these documents showed, 66% had a policy about offering fruits and vegetables for lunch, and 10%, about offering fruits or vegetables for snack. None had policies about limiting sugary drinks. Few centers had policies about limiting milk fat for preschoolers (16%), and type (26%) and amounts (6%) of 100% juice served. Two centers had a policy about making drinking water accessible to children, 33%, about foods allowed for celebrations, and <20%, about caregivers’ behavior at meals (sit, eat with children). Half of the centers had written policies about providing various PA opportunities, and the frequency of outdoor play. Few centers had policies about the provision of structured PA (16%), duration of outdoor play (20%), and a plan for outdoor play in inclement weather (16%). For most policies, directors reported having written policy statements, even though the document reviews showed otherwise. In reporting about policies, it is possible that directors may have been referring to state or federal regulations that may not have been addressed in their centers’ policy documents. Further evaluation is needed to help researchers better understand these inconsistencies.Funding provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Healthy Eating Research New Connections Program.
Neighborhood vendedores (mobile food vendors) as a dependable source to Mexican‐origin children for after‐school and weekend snacks (132.2)
Authors: Sharkey Joseph , Gomez Melissa 
Published: June 2021

The Mexican‐origin population is the fastest growing subpopulation in the United States, and at greatest risk for obesity and diabetes. This population growth has been occurring in the burgeoning colonias along the U.S. border with Mexico, especially in Texas and in new destination immigrant communities throughout the U.S. The ready accessibility and utilization of ‘truly’ mobile vendedores (MV) within the community play a role in the types and frequencies of foods marketed to children for purchase after‐school and on weekends. One hundred mother‐child dyads (mother and child 6‐11 years) were recruited by promotora‐researchers from colonias that were spatially selected from four geographic areas in Hidalgo County, TX. Data were collected by trained promotora‐researchers in Spanish during three in‐home visits: survey data and anthropometrics separately for the mother and child from the first visit and dietary recalls from the child during all three visits. Among child participants, 62% were girls; 32% were born in Mexico; 42% were overweight or obese; and 54% reported low or very low food security. Children reported a positive perception of the role of MV as a dependable source of food for the family, convenient source of foods, inexpensive foods, and foods that taste good. Children planned in advance for the MV and purchased food after school and on weekends from the MV who marketed in their colonia. The foods purchased were ice cream, raspas, elotes, candy, and chicharrone. More frequent purchase of foods and beverages by children from MV was associated with greater intakes of total energy (p = 0.004), sodium (p = 0.017), total sugar (p = 0.005), and added sugars (p = 0.017). Findings suggest that strategies for improving the diet of children include neighborhood MV. MV may be a promising venue for increasing neighborhood access to affordable healthy foods in colonia neighborhoods.Grant Funding Source: Supported by RWJF Healthy Eating Research Program