bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI PERMAINAN THE LEGEND OF THERMO SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI TERMOKIMIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Sholihah Mar'atus , Lutfi Achmad 
Published: May 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan permainan The Legend of Thermo sebagai media pembelajaran online selama pandemi COVID 19 terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pra eksperimen dengan dengan model One group Pretest – Posttest Design. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah 28 peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 1 Sidayu Gresik. Pretest, posttest serta pemberian angket dilakukan secara daring melalui google forms. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data ketuntasan klasikal pretest sebesar 46% menjadi sebasar 89% saat posttest. Peningkatan hasil belajar peseta didik melalui n-gain score 67.86% berada pada kategori sedang dan 10.71% berada pada kategori tinggi. Uji normalitas nilai pretest dan posttest sebesar 0.173 dan 0.094 lebih besar dari 0.05 sehingga data terdistribusi normal. Hasil uji-t paired sample test didapatkan hasil sig. (2- tailed) sebesar 0,000 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan signifikan nilai pretest dan posttest. Didukung oleh hasil respon peserta didik mendapat presentase sebesar 87.26% berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik. Presentase rata-rata hasil angket motivasi peserta didik sebesar 95.53% berada pada kualifikasi sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan The Legend of Thermo sebagai media pembelajaran memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar.
Rigorous Method of Weights Calculation in Adjustment of Measurement Data with Different Qualities
Authors: Xiaoming Ye , Shijun Ding , Haibo Liu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the traditional measurement theory, precision is defined as the dispersion of measured value, and is used as the basis of weights calculation in the adjustment of measurement data with different qualities, which leads to the trouble that trueness is completely ignored in the weight allocation. In this paper, following the pure concepts of probability theory, the measured value (observed value) is regarded as a constant, the error as a random variable, and the variance is the dispersion of all possible values of an unknown error. Thus, a rigorous formula for weights calculation and variance propagation is derived, which solves the theoretical problem of determining the weight values in the adjustment of multi-channel observation data with different qualities. The results show that the optimal weights are not only determined by the covariance array of observation errors, but also related to the model of adjustment.
A Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) and Type-2 Fuzzy Approach to Measuring the Impact of Speed Perception on Motor Vehicle Crash Involvement
Authors: Čubranić-Dobrodolac Marjana , Švadlenka Libor , Čičević Svetlana , Trifunović Aleksandar , Dobrodolac Momčilo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines how a driver’s perception of various speed levels, as well as driver’s speed perception from different positions, affect the propensity for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Data collection is performed in twelve experiments. 178 young drivers assessed the speed level from four positions; three of them relate to the speed perception of other vehicles on the road, while the remaining one represents the assessment of own speed. At each position, three speed levels were assessed: 30, 50, and 70 km/h. To process data, seven Type-2 fuzzy inference systems (T2FISs) are designed and tested in a sense of compliance with the empirical data. As a result, a relationship between the various forms of speed perception and participation in MVCs can be quantified. To examine the initial conclusions, the optimization of each of these T2FISs is performed by implementing the bee colony optimization (BCO) metaheuristic. The BCO based algorithm proposed in this paper achieved an average improvement of 21.17% in the performance of the initial T2FIS structures. The final results indicate that the drivers whose speed perception of the vehicle they are looking at from the rear side, as well as of the own vehicle, is poor have an elevated risk toward participation in MVCs compared to other forms of speed perception. The best-found T2FIS structures can be used as a decision-making tool that quantifies the driver propensity for MVCs, which can be useful in various educational and recruitment procedures in the field of transportation and traffic safety.
Virtual screening, molecular dynamics and binding energy-MM-PBSA studies of natural compounds to identify potential EcR inhibitors against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius
Authors: Mangat Harmilan Kaur , Rani Manisha , Pathak Rajesh Kumar , Yadav Inderjit Singh , Utreja Divya , Chhuneja Pardeep Kumar , Chhuneja Parveen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) is a hmpteran phyto polyphagous sucking insect pest which is an important pest of cotton that causes economic losses to the crop by reducing its yield and quality. Ecdysteroids like 20-hydroxy ecdysone (20-E), have significant role in larval moulting, development, and reproduction in pterygota insects. Intending to obstruct these fundamental, developmental physiological processes, the receptor of 20-E, the Ecdysone Receptor (BtEcR) of Bemisia tabaci has been targeted. To identify potent inhibitors of BtEcr, 98,072 natural compounds were retrieved from ZINC database. A structure-based virtual screening of these compounds was conducted for their binding to BtEcR and the top two compounds (ZINC08952607 and ZINC04264850) were selected based on minimum binding energy. 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study was then performed for the prediction of dynamics and stability of BtEcR and top-scoring ligand-BtEcR complexes. Besides, g_mmpbsa tool was used to calculate and analyse binding free energy of BtEcR-ligand complexes. The results revealed that ZINC08952607 and ZINC04264850 had binding free energy of − 170.156 kJ/mol and − 200.349 kJ/mol, respectively. Thus, these ligands can be utilized as lead compounds for the development of environmentally safe insecticides against the whitefly.
Optimum Rotational and Traverse Speeds of Al-Cu Joints Welded by FSW Based on the Formability of The Joint
Authors: Elmetwally Hammed T. , SaadAllah Hani Nagiub , Abd-Elhady M.S. , Abdel-Magied Ragab K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Joining of aluminum to copper using Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a primary manufacturing process that is in most applications followed by a secondary forming process. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum rotational and traverse speeds of Al-Cu Welded by FSW based on the formability of the joint. The formability and strength of Al-Cu joined by FSW are investigated under different operating conditions. Aluminum and copper blanks are welded at three different rotational speeds that are 910, 1280 and 1700 rpm, under three different traverse speeds, which are 16, 29 and 44 mm/min. The base metal used in this study is Aluminum (Al-1050) and copper under two conditions, i.e. as received and annealed. The mechanical properties of base metals and produced joints are evaluated by tensile and hardness tests. The Al-Cu joints by FSW are drawn into flangeless U and cup shapes in order to examine the formability of the joint. The maximum tensile load, punch load and forming index were obtained when Al is welded to annealed Cu at 1700 rpm and 16 mm/min, i.e. highest rotational and lowest traverse speeds, and that is due to the strain hardening of the joint. However, the ductility was maximum at 1280 rpm and 44 mm/min, i.e. moderate rotational and highest traverse speed. It can be concluded that if the Al-Cu joint by FSW will be used further in a forming process, it should be welded at a moderate rotational and high traverse speed in order to avoid strain hardening and improve the ductility of the joint.
The Development Law of Mining-Induced Surface Cracks in Shallow Coal Seam Through Double Gullies Terrain: A Case Study in a Mine
Authors: Lu Mingjiao , Sun Xueyang , Hou Enke , Li Cheng , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mining-induced surface cracks in gullies in shallow seams seriously threaten the development of ecological stability and the safety of mine production. The development law of surface cracks in shallow coal seam mining through double gullies terrain was studied, by taking the Cao Jiatan coal mine in the Yushen Mining Area as a project example. The function T and its discriminant were first put forward to describe the relative position both the surface cracks and working face advanced in shallow coal seam mining through double gullies terrain. The relationship between valley parameters of double gullies terrain and the relative position of surface cracks development was discussed through numerical simulation experiment, similar material simulation experiment and theoretical analysis. The results showed that when the working face passed through the G1 gully, the development of surface cracks led the working face. There were four surface cracks with a maximum width of 23 cm, and the maximum vertical displacement was 11 cm; while passing through the G2 gully, the development of surface cracks lagged the working face. There were seven surface cracks with a maximum width of 79 cm, and the maximum vertical displacement was 45 cm. It can be concluded that the relative position of crack development is greatly affected by geological conditions, gully depth, slope angle, span and other factors of the gully, among of which the gully slope angle is the main influencing factor. T and |T| value has a certain correlation with the lagging distance, crack width, vertical displacement and the total number of cracks in a single gully.
Optimization of Enzyme Production from Streptomyces by Solid-state Fermentation of Agricultural Wastes using the Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) Method
Authors: Dominguez Gabriela , Fajardo Carmen , Arias Maria E. , Molina-Guijarro Jose M. , Rodriguez Juana , Ortega Fernando , Eugenio Maria E. , Hernandez Manuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study used Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify and optimize the combined effect of the temperature, fermentation time, substrate-type, and fermenting microorganism on solid-state fermentation (SSF) culture of different agricultural wastes, in order to evidence the interactions among variables that allow maximizing the production of each enzyme. Thus, barley and wheat straw were fermented using two Streptomyces strains (S. MDG 301 and S. MDG 147) under SSF conditions. Key degradative enzymes (xylanases, carboxylmethilcellulase (CMCase), mannanase, laccase and peroxidase) and lignin solubilisation were evaluated. Our results highlighted that the highest xylanases and CMCase levels were obtained after treatment of wheat straw for two days with the S. MDG 301 strain at 45°C. Similarly, we found that the highest mannanase level was achieved using the S. MDG 147 strain on the barley straw at 28°C. Therefore, the integrated approach used based on analytical and bio statistical methods, proved to be a valuable tool for an accurate and rapid determination of the most significant parameters for controlling the bio-transformation process in terms of the enzymatic activity and lignin solubilisation.
Lifetime Analysis of Motorized Spindle Bearings Based on Dynamic Model
Authors: Ying Jun , Yang Zhaojun , Chen Chuanhai , Yao Guoxiang , Hu Wei , Tian Hailong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The traditional probabilistic-based lifetime evaluation methods for motorized spindles neglect the effects of load dynamic and structure difference. Hence, a dynamic-model-based lifetime estimation method combining these effects is proposed to improve the estimating results for motorized spindles, especially in the design stage. Considering the bearings lifetime has dramatically influenced the reliability of motorized spindles, this paper establishes a shaft-bearing-toolholder based on a dynamic model to estimate the bearing group lifetime. The proposed dynamic model is closer to the actual structure in spindles, indicating the stiffness of bearings and contact surface conditional on the inputting radial-and-axial forces is nonlinear. The stiffness model is verified by finite element analysis and experiment. The load applied to bearings is accurately calculated through the dynamic model. Then, the load is introduced to a well-known bearing lifetime model, thereby calculating the lifetime of each bearing and its group. The bearing lifetime results under different conditions of preload, clamping force, and cutting force are discussed.
Proteome allocations change linearly with specific growth rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under glucose-limitation
Authors: Xia Jianye , Sánchez Benjamin , Chen Yu , Campbell Kate , Kasvandik Sergo , Nielsen Jens 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a cell factory and it is therefore important to understand how it organizes key functional parts when cultured under different conditions. Here we performed a multi-omics analysis of S. cerevisiae by culturing the strain under a wide range of specific growth rates using glucose as the sole limited nutrient. At these different conditions we measured the absolute transcriptome, the absolute proteome, the phosphproteome, and the metabolome. Most functional protein groups showed linear dependence on the cell specific growth rate. Proteins engaged with translation showed a perfect linear increase with the specific growth rate, while glycolysis and chaperone proteins showed a linear decrease at respiratory conditions. Glycolytic enzymes and chaperones, however, show decreased phosphorylation with increasing specific growth rates, resulting in an overall increased activity that is associated with increased flux through these pathways. Further analysis showed that proteome allocation was primarily determined at the transcriptome level. Finally, using enzyme constraint genome scale modeling we found that enzyme usage play an important role for controlling flux in amino acid biosynthesis.
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and its Interaction with Temperature and Nitrogen on Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gardi Mekides Woldegiorgis , Haussmann Bettina I.G , Malik Waqas Ahmed , Högy Petra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
AimsThe general aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and summarise the mean response of barley yield variables to elevated CO2 (eCO2) and its interaction with temperature and N fertilization. Methods The present study quantitatively synthesized the response of barley to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature, and Nitrogen (N). A meta-analysis procedure was used to analyse five yield variables of barley extracted from 76 articles to determine the effect size and the magnitude in relation to eCO2 and its interaction with temperature and N. Results CO2 enrichment increased biomass (23.8%), grain number (24.8%), grain yield (27.4%), and thousand-grain weight (5.6%). However, responses to eCO2 were affected by genotype, additional stress, and experimental conditions. In comparison, genotype “Anakin” shows the highest response of biomass (47.1%), while “Genebank accessions” had a higher grain number (46.1%) and grain yield (57.1%) under eCO2. The maximal enhancement of barley yield was observed when plants grow under a combination of eCO2 and higher nitrogen fertilizer (>100 kg ha-1). Nevertheless, biomass (-12%), and grain yield (-17%) responses were lower when eCO2 is combined with high temperature (>25 °C). It was further noted the response of barley yield to eCO2 was higher in the growth chamber than in other CO2 exposure methods. Moreover, comparing pot-rooted versus field-rooted barley plants, a higher response of biomass and grain yield was observed for pot-rooted plants. ConclusionsOverall, results suggest that the maximal barley production under eCO2 will be obtained in combination with high nitrogen fertilizer and optimal temperature (21-25 °C).
An Assessment of Social and Physical Vulnerability to Hydroclimate Extremes in Appalachia
Authors: Handwerger Leah R. , Runkle Jennifer R. , Leeper Ronald , Shay Elizabeth , Dempsey Kara , Sugg Margaret M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Appalachia is a cultural region in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains that lags behind the nation in several social vulnerability indicators. Climate projections over this region indicate that precipitation variability will increase in both severity and frequency in future decades, suggesting that the occurrence of natural hazards related to hydroclimate extremes will also increase. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of drought and precipitation and determine how trends overlap with vulnerable communities across Appalachia. The study utilized trend analysis through Mann-Kendall calculations and a Social Vulnerability Index, resulting in a bivariate map that displays areas most susceptible to adverse effects from hydroclimate extremes. Results show the southwestern portion of the region as most vulnerable to increased precipitation, and the central-southeast most vulnerable to an increase in drought-precipitation variability. This study is among the first to utilize the boundaries defined by the Appalachian Regional Commission from a climatological perspective, allowing findings to reach audiences outside the scientific community and bring more effective mitigation strategies that span from the local to federal levels.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Fragility Analysis of Pre-Code Masonry Buildings in Portugal
Authors: Bernardo Vasco , Costa Alfredo Campos , Candeias Paulo , Costa Aníbal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite the fact that in recent years Portugal has not seen the occurrence of high-magnitude earthquakes, it remains threatened by these events due to its geographic location. Since the 1960s, reinforced concrete has been the most used material for new constructions, however the historic urban centers are dominated by old unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings which techniques and construction materials have evolved since the Great Lisbon earthquake that occurred in 1755 with a magnitude around 8.5. Given the presence of these buildings in areas of significant seismicity, a comprehensive research is needed to assess the seismic risk and define mitigation policies. This kind of studies are often supported by empirical methods and based on expert judgment due to the high variability of the building stock and lack of information. The main purpose of this work is: i) to provide analytical fragility curves, supported by nonlinear static analysis, for the entire population of old masonry buildings, built before the introduction of the first design code for building safety against earthquakes (RSSCS) in 1958; ii) define vulnerability curves to be used by the technical community for seismic risk assessment of pre code URM buildings. The characterization of the building stock geometry and material properties is based on the previous information collected, which was useful to define representative archetypes and typologies.
The role of routine FIBERoptic bronchoscopy monitoring during percutaneous dilatational TRACHeostomy (FIBERTRACH). A study protocol for a randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Añón José M. , Arellano Mª Soledad , Perez-Márquez Manuel , Díaz-Alvariño Claudia , Márquez-Alonso José A. , Rodríguez-Peláez Jorge , Nanwani-Nanwani Kapil , Martín-Pellicer Ana , Civantos Belen , López-Fernández Alba , Seises Irene , García-Nerín Jorge , Figueira Juan C. , Casero Henar , Vejo Javier , Agrifoglio Alexander , Cachafeiro Lucía , Díaz-Almirón Mariana , Villar Jesús 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Tracheostomy is one of the most frequent techniques in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is a safety measure when performing a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) but the controversy surrounding the routine use of FB as part of the procedure remains open. National surveys in some European countries showed that the use of FB is non-standardized. Retrospective studies have not shown a significant difference in complications between procedures performed with or without a bronchoscope. International guidelines have not been able to establish recommendations regarding the use of FB in PDT due to lack of evidence.
Design:

This is a multicenter (two centres at the time of writing this manuscript), randomized, controlled clinical trial to examine the safety of percutaneous tracheostomy using FB. We will include all consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU in whom percutaneous tracheostomy for prolonged mechanical ventilation is indicated and with no exclusion criteria for using FB. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to receive blind PDT or PDT under endoscopic guidance. All procedures will be performed by experienced intensivists in PDT and FB. A Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB) will monitor the trial. The primary outcome is the incidence of perioperative complications.
Discussion

FB is a safe technique when performing PDT although its use is not universally accepted in all ICUs as routine practice. Should PDT be monitored routinely with endoscopic guidance?. This study will assess the role of FB monitoring during PDT.
Trial registration:

Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04265625) on 11th February 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Nanoscale Cutting Using Self-Excited Microcantilever
Authors: YANG RUI , Ogura Ichiro , Jiang ZhenYan , An LinJun , Ashida Kiwamu , Yabuno Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The application of self-excitation is proposed to improve the efficiency of the nanoscale cutting procedure based on use of a microcantilever in atomic force microscopy. The microcantilever shape is redesigned so that it can be used to produce vibration amplitudes with sufficient magnitudes to enable the excitation force applied by an actuator to be transferred efficiently to the tip of the microcantilever for the cutting process. A diamond abrasive that is set on the tip is also fabricated using a focused ion beam technique to improve the cutting effect. The natural frequency of the microcantilever is modulated based on the pressing load. Under conventional external excitation conditions, to maintain the microcantilever in its resonant state, it is necessary to vary the excitation frequency in accordance with the modulation. In this study, rather than using external excitation, the self-excitation cutting method is proposed to overcome this difficulty. The self-excited oscillation is produced by appropriate setting of the phase difference between the deflection signal of the microcantilever and the feedback signal for the actuator. In addition, it is demonstrated experimentally that the change in the phase difference enables us to control the amplitude of the self-excitation. As a result, control of the groove cutting depth is achieved via changes in the phase difference.