bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population
Authors: Bilani Nadeem , Blessing Elimimian Elizabeth , Elson Leah , Liang Hong , Nahleh Zeina 
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women. However, due to effective public health campaigns and updated screening guidelines, the annual incidence of late stage diagnoses has fallen. This stage migration has allowed for better prognosis and more women achieving long-term survival. In this chapter, we review long-term survivorship – defined as 10 years from diagnosis – as reported in the United States and around the world. Additionally, we provide analysis for socio-demographic, clinical and pathologic factors associated with 10-year survival, using data from a large national registry. This chapter also utilizes historical case data to forecast stage migration patterns in breast cancer diagnoses, within the United States, to 2030. Finally, we discuss the effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic on breast cancer treatment and access to care, with a review of clinical considerations for the future.
Effect of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on HPG Axis: A Reproductive Endocrine Homeostasis
Authors: Gupta Priya , Mahapatra Archisman , Suman Anjali , Kumar Singh Rahul 
Published: March 2021

The hypothalamic–pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a crucial and integrative role in the mammalian endocrine regulation to maintain homeostasis. The HPG axis is primarily responsible for governing all the hormonal events related to reproductive activity. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) comprise a diverse group of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds that mimic and interfere with the endogenous chemical hormones. Epidemiological investigations have shown increasing evidence of altered development and detrimental effects on reproductive health during the past 50 years associated with endocrine disruptors affecting the HPG axis. The pleiotropic harmful effects of EDCs act through hormone-dependent downstream signaling pathways responsible for gonad development either through direct interaction with steroid hormone receptor or via epigenetic regulation. Hence, this chapter summarizes the biological plausibility of EDCs exposure and elucidates the mechanism of action underlying EDCs affecting the regulatory circuits of the mammalian HPG axis and reproductive function.
Near-Field Communications (NFC) for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT): An Overview
Authors: Lathiya Poonam , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2021

Recent advancements in the semiconductor integrated circuits and functional materials technologies have accelerated the demand of electronic and biomedical devices such as internet of things (IoT) and wearable sensors, which have low power consumption, miniature size and high data transfer efficiency. Wireless power transfer (WPT) has become the alternative solution to current electronic devices that rely on bulky batteries to supply the power and energy. Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is extensively used for wireless power transfer, where devices communicate through inductive coupling via induced magnetic fields between transmit and receive coils (loop antennas). Thin NFC sheets made of soft magnetic materials are inserted between antennas and metal case of wireless gadgets, such as mobile phones or tablets, to reduce the degradation of antenna gain and radiation efficiency due to generation of eddy currents. To enhance the efficiency of wireless power transfer, magnetic materials with superb properties such as high permeability, low magnetic loss and high resistivity are highly desirable. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the current state of the art, recent progress and future directions in NFC based wireless power transfer, with the special focus on near field communications operating at 13.56 MHz.
The Importance of Vitamin D for Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Jagelaviciene Egle 
Published: March 2021

There are many causes of vitamin D deficiency, which determines pathogenesis of many diseases, including periodontal ones. Constant low uptake or deficiency of vitamin D results in progression of periodontal diseases and jaw bone metabolism - leads to change of bone mineral density, causes resorption in alveolar bone, tooth loss, changes of masticatory function and osteoporosis. The clinical studies strive to link vitamin D with gingivitis and periodontitis and prove its therapeutic and preventive role, because of vitamin D immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects for periodontal tissues and best treatment outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the importance of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, its role on regulation of the immune system and defense mechanism, influence on jawbone quality and on the correlation between vitamin D concentration in plasma and periodontal diseases.
Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) and Orthodontic malocclusion in non-obese adults
Authors: Jašarević Dženana , Nakaš Enita , Tiro Alisa 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)represents the complete or partial obstruction of the airway.Clinically OSA manifests as sleepness during the day,heavy snoring as well as waking up during the night dues the lack of air.Obesity,gender and orthodontic malocclusion are mentioned in the literature as the etiologic factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
AIM: The aim of this study was to find the relationship in the analyzed studies between the Obstructive Sleep Apnea and orthodontic malocclusion at non-obese adults.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:The electornic search of the database was performed,using PubMed and Googlescholar,with the aim to find the relevante articles which correlate the OSA and orthodontic malocclusion.Keyword included:obstrucitve sleep apnea,orthodontic malocclusion,cephalometric analysis,impact,association,body mass index,obesity,adults,non obesity.
Inclusion criteria were:nonobesity,orthodontic malocclusion,adults,articles published from 1999 to 2019,articles in English,full articles avaiable.
RESULTS:Two hundred papers included keywords.The number of articles that included the fully set criteria was nine.These nine articles were analyzed in detail.
CONCLUSION:Analyzed articles showed that there is relationship between the Obstructive Sleep Apnea and orthodontic malocclusion in non-obese adults.It was also showed that orthodontic malocclusion is etiological factor for OSA in non-obese adults.
Ratis aemvla solis.
Authors: Navarro Antolín Fernando 
Published: March 2021

La gloriosa singladura de la Nao Victoria circunnavegando por primera vez la Tierra dio pie a un sinfín de festejos y celebraciones públicas. Se pasa revista a la huella poética que tan singular gesta ha dejado, entonces y andando los siglos, en la literatura vernácula y neolatina, huella que, si bien no es muy extensa, abarca desde el encomio puro y la epopeya heroica al símil o parangón como fórmula de sobrepujamiento.
The glorious voyage of the ‘Nao Victoria’ circumnavigating the Earth for the first time gave rise to endless festivities and public celebrations. A review is made of the poetic imprint that such a singular feat has left, then and over the centuries, in vernacular and Neo-Latin literature, an imprint that, although not very extensive, ranges from pure praise and heroic epic to the simile or paragon as anoutbidding formula.
Chile en el mundo:
Authors: De la Fuente Ferreras Ángel 
Published: March 2021

En 1964, Eduardo Frei Montalva comenzó el primer gobierno democratacristiano en América Latina. Este artículo analiza el protagonismo de las relaciones internacionales de Chile entre ese año, cuando comenzó la denominada “Revolución en Libertad”, y 1970, momento en el que el triunfo electoral de Salvador Allende truncó el proyecto de la Democracia Cristiana. Durante ese tiempo, el gobierno chileno de Eduardo Frei desplegó un intenso programa de relaciones exteriores con Estados Unidos, el resto de los países iberoamericanos y otros pertenecientes al bloque socialista, además de mantener una activa agenda europea. Todo ello, dentro del marco de las directrices políticas que determinaban su programa y del cambiante panorama internacional.
In 1964, Eduardo Frei Montalva began the first Christian Democratic government in Latin America. This article analyzes the leading role in Chile´s international relations between that year, when the so-called “Revolution in Liberty” began, and 1970, when the electoral victory of Salvador Allende truncated the Christian Democracy project. During that time, the Chilean government of Eduardo Frei deployed an intense foreign relations program with the United States, the rest of the Ibero-American countries and others belonging to the socialist bloc, in addition to maintaining an active European agenda. All this within the framework of the political guidelines that determined its program and the changing international panorama.
Por necesidad y solidaridad:
Authors: Cervantes Cortés José Luis 
Published: March 2021

La condición de soltería posicionaba a las mujeres del México colonial en una situación vulnerable; muchas de ellas se vieron limitadas para mantenerse por su propia cuenta, por lo que aquellas que carecían de lazos familiares tuvieron que agruparse con compañeras en un hogar compartido, para ayudarse mutuamente. En este trabajo exploraremos las principales características de los hogares compuestos exclusivamente por mujeres solteras y viudas que no tenían vínculos de parentesco entre sí, que vivieron en la ciudad de México a finales del siglo XVIII. Para realizar esta investigación partiremos del análisis del Censo de 1790 y complementaremos la información de este documento con la revisión de otras fuentes, con la finalidad de tener una visión más amplia sobre las situaciones domésticas, las condiciones económicas, la existencia de vínculos afectivos y la construcción de redes de solidaridad entre las mujeres que vivieron con compañeras.
The single status placed women of colonial Mexico in a vulnerable situation; many of them were limited to support themselves, so those lacked family ties had to group with friends in a shared home, to help each other. In this work we will explore the main characteristics of household integrated exclusively by single women and widows who had no kinship relations, who lived in Mexico City in the late eighteenth century. To do this research, we will start from the analysis of the Census of 1790 and we will complement the information of this document with the review of other sources, in order to have a broader vision of domestic situations, economic conditions, the existence of affective ties and the construction of solidarity networks among women who lived with partners.
Le Corbusier, the Noble Savage
Authors: Vogt Adolf Max 
Published: March 2021

A new study of Le Corbusier's life and work show how the texture of the architect's chilhood environment and experiences imprinted his mature imagination and architecture.
This revelatory study is the most unexpected and vital piece of Le Corbusier scholarship to appear in years. Adolf Max Vogt looks to the early, formative years of the architect's life as a key to understanding his mature practice, taking aim at such fundamental riddles as "Where did his design vocabulary come from?" and "How was his aesthetic sense formed?"
Vogt's investigation of LC's early life and education not only reveals important, previously unacknowledged influences on specific projects such as the League of Nations headquarters and the Villa Savoye, but also suggests why LC throughout his career preferred to lift buildings above the ground, to give them the appearance of "floating." By uncovering crucial dimensions of LC's early life and resurrecting primary documents and source materials overlooked by other scholars, this book changes the face of LC studies.
Availability and Utilization of Personal Protective Equipment by Nigerian Physiotherapists during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Umunnah Joseph Onuwa , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Maruf Fatai Adesina , Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Okeke Chukwuebuka Olisaemeka , Chigbo Chisom Godswill 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Physiotherapists are exposed to contracting infectious diseases because of the level of contact they have with patients in the course of performing their statutory clinical duties.
Objective: The major objective of the study is to determine the availability and utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE) by Nigerian physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: One hundred and eighty-one (181) Nigerian physiotherapists participated in an online survey using Google Form application that lasted between September 2020 and October 2020. The data collection instrument was a 22-item close-ended online questionnaire with three domains: demographics, availability of PPE, and utilization of PPE. The authors made use of different WhatsApp platforms hosting only physiotherapists as a means of reaching out to the respondents. Data obtained from the study were analyzed using STATA 13. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (confidence level = 95).
Results: The result of the study shows there were high availability and utilization of facemasks and hand gloves for the Nigerian physiotherapists during the period of COVID-19 pandemic in the different health facilities; it also shows there was low availability of apron and poor availability of protective eye shield/goggles and shoes during the same period. The finding also showed there was low utilization of apron, protective glasses and shoes by the Nigerian physiotherapists during the peak of COVID-pandemic.
Conclusions: Most Nigerian physiotherapists had more face masks and hand gloves during COVID-19 pandemic than they had protective aprons, goggles and shoes. Also, there was high utilization of facemasks and the hand gloves more than an apron, eye shield and protective shoes because the more the PPE was available the more the utilization by the Nigerian Physiotherapists.
Assessment of Microbial Load in Water and Sediments of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Kelechi Okere J. , Nnawuike Azorji J. , Kelechi Iheagwam S. , Emmanuel Emeka J. , Odinaka Nzenwa P. 
Published: March 2021

Water pollution is a global problem. The study was carried out to assess the microbial constituents in water and sediment of Rivers Otamiri and Nworie during dry and rainy seasons (March and September, 2020) with comparison to WHO benchmark for drinking water .Samples were randomly collected at six (6) sampling points and analyzed using routine microbiological protocols. The results revealed detectable amount of microbial activates in surface water of both rivers during the dry and rainy season. During the rainy season, a THB bioload average of 2.02x104 and 5.1x104CFU/mL for Nworie and Otamiri river respectively were measured. For the TCC, the average was 9.8x103 and 2.5x104 CFU/mL, while in the dry period there was corresponding reduction in the bioload value for both rivers. THB average value for Nworie river was 1.34x104 CFU/mL, with corresponding 3.5x104 values for Otamiri river, while in same inclination, TCC measured 6.1x103 and 1.8x104 CFU/mL. There were noteworthy variations in the values for the two rivers as well as in the two seasons. TBC value for Otamiri measured about 1.5 folds than the value for Nworie. In same trend, TCC value for Nworie measured about 39%. All values measured were above WHO permissible limit for drinking water. The biochemical and cultural features of the isolated microorganism in water showed the presence of E. coli identified in the entire stations (100%), Salmonella and faecal coliform occurred 83.3% each, while Vibrio and Shigella were detected in 4 of the 6 stations. The mean total bacterial count, total coliform count and total E. coli, were not in conformity with World Health Organization (WHO) Standard for drinking water and thus constitute a threat to the River; these were attributed to indiscriminate waste dumps around the rivers. The study underscores the need for adequate waste management system to forestall outbreak of pathogenic diseases in the area.
Assessment of the Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Gravida in Teen Age Girls at People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah Pakistan
Authors: Chandio Ruqayya , Baloch Jawaid Hussain Lighari , Pathan Nusrat Fozia , Ayoob Attia , Samoon Noor Ali , Sheikh Abrar Ali , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To assess of the pregnancy induced hypertension and gravida in teen age girls at People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 pregnant women from Gynecology & Obstetrics Department of Unit-1 and 2 People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah from January 2018 to December 2018. The sampling technique was convenience sampling. The frequency and association between the hypertension and Gravida were observed. Blood Pressure was taken by sphygmomanometer of mercury type B.P apparatus from 200 pregnant women and interviewed all the study subjects. A well designed and structured questionnaire (consist of age, gravida and hypertension related questions) was used for data collection and analyzed statistically. The data was analyzed statistically by SPSS Version 20.0.
Results: The mean age of married teenage girls was 16.6 Years with SD ± 2.3 Years. The study results show that 23.5% of Teenage mothers were suffering from Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. 83% women participants were in the age group of 17 to 19 years. Majority 80.3% of marriages were in the age of 13 to16 years. 76% of women were in 1st and 2nd Gravida. Conclusion: One fourth of Teenage married girls are suffering from Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. The maternal age of 17-19 years has been found most common age group for pregnancy induced hypertension, more common in 1st and 2nd Gravida.
Rheology and Rheological Measurements
Authors: Ahmed Jasim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents the experimental measurement of the rheological properties of both liquids and solids and the principles on which these measurements are based. The flow properties of a liquid are defined by its resistance to flow, that is, viscosity. This concept is defined and discussed in terms of both theoretical flow models and practical consequences. Temperature, thixotropic and other time‐dependent, and concentration effects are covered for dilute polymer solutions, melts, and dispersed systems. Techniques and viscometers for capillary, rotational, and moving‐body measurements are described. The rheological properties of viscoelastic solids are made up of a combination of permanent deformation and recoverable elastic deformation. Additionally, a number of liquids show elastic and flow behaviors, which are commonly termed as the viscoelastic materials. Some additional techniques have been included beyond those indicated for simple solids and liquids, which are needed for a complete characterization of the mechanical behavior of materials in terms of elasticity and viscoelasticity. Examples of such methods are the dynamic measurement of response to sinusoidal oscillatory motion; the measurement of flow with time after application of stress, that is, creep; and the measurement of the rate and degree of recovery after removal of stress, that is, creep recovery or recoil. A few special topics, including the Weissenberg effect, time–temperature superposition principles (TTSP), and electrorheological measurements, are also discussed. Nonlinear dynamic measurements of the complex fluids in terms of the large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) measurements, including the Fourier transform rheology and Lissajous curves, are discussed.
Amino Acids in Foods, Feeds, and Nutrition
Authors: Aristoy María‐Concepción , Toldrá Fidel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmino acids are organic compounds which are essential for all living organisms because they play a double role in cells, either connected to each other as building blocks of proteins or free as intermediates in metabolism.This article summarizes the relationship between the structure of the different amino acids and their function and metabolism in living organisms. It deals with the importance of essential amino acids in human and animal nutrition, based on their availability, and their role as taste‐active compounds in food.The amino acid profile and digestibility are important determinants of the quality of dietary proteins. All methods available for the estimation of the nutritional value of food and feed and their amino acids bioavailability are based on the analysis of amino acids, especially the essential ones, or those that are indicators of the nutritional value (reactive lysine or methionine), or possible damages derived from food processing or preservation. Thus, the main methodologies for the analysis of total and free amino acids, which include extraction procedures, deproteinization, protein hydrolysis, derivatization, separation, and quantification of amino acids by means of liquid or gas chromatography or capillary electrophoresis, are discussed.
Analysis of prostate intensity‐ and volumetric‐modulated arc radiation therapy planning quality with PlanIQTM
Authors: Sasaki Motoharu , Nakaguuchi Yuji , Kamomae Takeshi , Tsuzuki Akira , Kobuchi Satoshi , Kuwahara Kenmei , Ueda Shoji , Endo Yuto , Ikushima Hitoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the quality of treatment planning using the PlanIQTM software and to investigate whether it is possible to improve the quality of treatment planning using the “Feasibility dose‐volume histogram (DVH)TM” implemented in the PlanIQTM software.MethodsUsing the PlanIQTM software, we retrospectively analyzed the learning curve regarding the quality of the treatment plans for 148 patients of prostate intensity‐modulated radiation therapy and volumetric‐modulated radiation therapy performed at our institution over the past eight years. We also sought to examine the possibility of improving treatment planning quality by re‐planning in 47 patients where the quality of the target dose and the dose limits for organs at risk (OARs) were inadequate. The re‐planning treatment plans referred to the Feasibility DVHTM implemented in the PlanIQTM software and modified the treatment planning system based on the target dose and OAR constraints.ResultsAnalysis of the learning curve of the treatment plans quality using PlanIQTM software retrospectively showed a trend of improvement in the treatment plan quality from year to year. The improvement in the treatment plans quality was more influenced by dose reduction in the OARs than by target coverage.In all cases where re‐planning was performed, the improvement in the treatment plan's quality resulted in a better treatment plan than the one adopted for delivery to patients in the clinical plan.ConclusionsThe PlanIQTM provided insights into the quality of the treatment plans at our institution and identified problems and areas for improvement in the treatment plans, allowing for the development of appropriate treatment plans for specific patients.