bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farmers’ perceptions of farm management practices and development plans on organic farms in Finland
Authors: Väre Minna , Mattila Tiina E. A. , Rikkonen Pasi , Hirvonen Maria , Rautiainen Risto H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic farming is increasing in Finland, and organic farms have become larger than conventional farms, on average. As the structural change has been rapid, farmers need a broad range of new competencies to manage their farms, ranging from agronomic skills to advanced technology, labor management, and marketing skills. In this study, the characteristics of organic and conventional farms and farmers were assessed, with special focus on management practices and future development plans on organic farms. The study was based on telephone interviews of a sample of active farmers who applied for agricultural subsidies in 2014. The data consisted of 3045 farmers; 312 of them practiced organic farming and 2733 conventional farming. The data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Having beef production as the main production line, having plans to develop farm production in the next 5 years, considering farm management as very important, and frequently experiencing mental strain because of farm management were significant predictors for being an organic farmer. Dairy production was less frequently organic compared to crop production. Nearly half (42%) of organic farmers planned to make changes in their farming, most commonly expanding their production. Thus, competence for managing the farm operation becomes more crucial, which increases the need for training and management consulting services. Organic farming may increase with both farm successions and new entrants joining the farming sector. Special attention should be paid to supporting these new entrants without farm-family background.
Minnesota—too late for a Sovereign Wealth Fund?
Authors: McIntosh Christopher R. , Wilmot Neil A. , Dinneen Adrienne , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTen states have created natural-resource-based Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) to allow a fraction of the wealth derived from the extraction of non-renewable resources to be available for future use. Minnesota does not have a SWF, even though companies have been mining in the state for over 100 years. Herein, we present backward and forward-looking scenarios to estimate the potential magnitude of a “what-if” extraction-based fund. A 1.5% of value tax is suggested as an SWF funding mechanism. Based on historical extraction, prices, and investment returns, a large SWF could already exist. In the forward-looking section, we begin by econometrically estimating the supply and demand of US iron ore production to better understand how an increase in mining taxes would likely effect mining output (i.e., the production effect). After accounting for an estimated 4% production loss, results suggest enough minerals could still be extracted to create a permanent fund with between $930 million (US) and $1.6 billion dollars (US) in direct contributions by 2050 (depending on price). Using reasonable assumptions of a 2% inflation rate and a 5% annual investment return, the fund size could range from $3 billion to $5 billion by 2050.
Immunosuppression Considerations for Older Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Lentine Krista L. , Tan Jane C. , Kaufmann Matthew , Caliskan Yasar , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Lam Ngan N. , Schnitzler Mark , Axelrod David A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
While kidney transplantation improves the long-term survival of the majority of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), age-related immune dysfunction and associated comorbidities make older transplant recipients more susceptible to complications related to immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss appropriate management of immunosuppressive agents in older adults to minimize adverse events, avoid acute rejection, and maximize patient and graft survival.

Recent Findings
Physiological changes associated with senescence can impact drug metabolism and increase the risk of post-transplant infection and malignancy. Clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive agents in older adults are lacking. Recent findings from U.S. transplant registry–based studies suggest that risk-adjusted death-censored graft failure is higher among older patients who received antimetabolite avoidance, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi)–based, and cyclosporine-based regimens. Observational data suggest that risk-adjusted mortality may be increased in older patients who receive mTORi-based and cyclosporine-based regimens but lower in those managed with T cell induction and maintenance steroid avoidance/withdrawal.

Summary
Tailored immunosuppression management to improve patient and graft survival in older transplant recipients is an important goal of personalized medicine. Lower intensity immunosuppression, such as steroid-sparing regimens, appears beneficial whereas mTORi- and cyclosporine-based maintenance are associated with greater potential for adverse effects. Prospective clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of immunosuppression agents in older recipients are urgently needed.
Nanoparticles used as an ingredient in different types of concrete
Authors: Mahmood Rawa Ahmed , Kockal Niyazi Ugur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAttempts to modify cement-based mixtures and to improve their properties have always attracted the attention of researchers. Favorable effects of nanoparticles, such as small particle size, high reactivity, and great surface area, have made them be used as one of the best replacements of cement. This paper aims to review the previous researches conducted regarding the effects of nanoparticles on the properties of concretes. Influence of various types of nanoparticles on the workability of fresh composite, mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and abrasion resistance, and durability-related properties such as water absorption, chloride ion penetration, resistance to frost, shrinkage, and carbonation of concrete is discussed.
Semi-supervised time series classification method for quantum computing
Authors: Yarkoni Sheir , Kleshchonok Andrii , Dzerin Yury , Neukart Florian , Hilbert Marc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we develop methods to solve two problems related to time series (TS) analysis using quantum computing: reconstruction and classification. We formulate the task of reconstructing a given TS from a training set of data as an unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which can be solved by both quantum annealers and gate-model quantum processors. We accomplish this by discretizing the TS and converting the reconstruction to a set cover problem, allowing us to perform a one-versus-all method of reconstruction. Using the solution to the reconstruction problem, we show how to extend this method to perform semi-supervised classification of TS data. We present results indicating our method is competitive with current semi- and unsupervised classification techniques, but using less data than classical techniques.
Exploring Vocational Education Students’ Visions of a Successful Transition to Working Life from the Perspective of Societal Belonging
Authors: Ågren Susanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe emphasis on paid employment is strong in Finnish vocational education. However, the world of work is changing and becoming more insecure. Many researchers have expressed concern about the impact of these uncertainties on employment opportunities for young people. This paper discusses vocational education students’ possibilities for societal belonging in their transition to the changing labour market in Finland. It explores the students’ visions of a successful transition to working life and a decent life after this transition. The qualitative data were collected by organising six functional workshops for vocational students (58 participants). In the conclusion, the paper argues that in the vocational students’ visions, paid employment constitutes an important definer of their societal belonging. Furthermore, it demonstrates how strongly the traditional ideals of worker-citizenship fostered in vocational education influence the meanings the second- and third-year students ascribe to societal belonging. The paper suggests that this issue needs to be critically examined in view of the changing labour market. The question is whether vocational training is able to guarantee graduating young people a realistic opportunity to build their belonging to society while at the same time to responding to the needs of the labour market.
How chief risk officers (CROs) can have meaningful and productive dealings with insurance agencies: a leading example
Authors: Bettanti Alberto , Lanati Antonella 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn broad terms, risk management (RM) covers four conventional actions in addressing operational risks (OpRisks), i.e., actions to mitigate, eliminate, accept, and transfer operational risks. In relation to transferring OpRisks to external third parties, this study aids chief risk officers (CROs) in addressing issues related to the reduction of economic exposure to OpRisk. In this respect, the economic handling of OpRisks and their coverage through specific insurance programs are among the major challenges that CROs face within their roles. The aim of this paper is to provide CROs with an analytical pathway to addressing these challenges by applying the total cost of risk (TCoR) method tailored to their purposes. Through a leading example, this paper demonstrates that the TCoR approach meaningfully and productively supports CROs’ decisions when striving to deal with OpRisk. In fact, the TCoR approach implementation, together with the application of Monte Carlo simulation as a computational tool, drives TCoR value optimization when OpRisk is transferred to insurance agencies. In addition, by applying a TCoR framework, CROs can find the correct and cost-effective balance between the company’s retention level—consistent with the company’s risk appetite—and the premiums paid to insurance agencies. In conclusion, this paper provides CROs with a methodological approach for efficiently building relationships with insurance agencies by consistently addressing TCoR-based dealings.
Paradox of Protective Behaviors Among Muslim Men During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Nurrahmi Febri , Masykar Tabsyir , Harapan Harapan , Masykar Tanzir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The imposition of protective health protocols in public spaces to curb the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has confronted the ritual of congregational prayers in mosques for Muslims. This study examines the adoption of protective behaviors in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak and the influence of religion on risk perception by comparing precautionary behaviors in public and in mosques.Methods:Data were collected through an online survey of 327 Muslim men across the Aceh Province, Indonesia, from April 21, 2020, to May 2, 2020. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the paired t-test were employed to compare the uptake of protective behaviors in public and mosques.Results:The adoption of protective behaviors was higher in public rather than in mosques. It further revealed that the understanding of Islamic teachings during the pandemic has influenced perceived risk and the way Muslim men comply with the protective guidelines. Those who have complete, incomplete, or no compliance of precautionary behaviors have their own interpretation of Islamic teachings that inform their individual actions to manage the risk.Conclusion:This study suggests the significance of religious views for developing public health preparedness during the current and future pandemics in Aceh and other Muslim majority regions.
What is the promise of personalised nutrition?
Authors: Ferrario Paola G. , Watzl Bernhard , Møller Grith , Ritz Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPersonalised nutrition (PN) is an emerging field that bears great promise. Several definitions of PN have been proposed and different modelling approaches have been used to claim PN effects. We tentatively propose to group these approaches into two categories, which we term outcome-based and population reference approaches, respectively. Understanding the fundamental differences between these two types of modelling approaches may allow a more realistic appreciation of what to expect from PN interventions presently and may be helpful for designing and planning future studies investigating PN interventions.
Contribution of small mammal taphonomy to the last Neanderthal occupations at the El Salt site (Alcoi, southeastern Spain)
Authors: Marin-Monfort María Dolores , Fagoaga Ana , García-Morato Sara , Ruíz Sánchez Francisco Javier , Mallol Carolina , Hernández Cristo , Galván Bertila , Fernández-Jalvo Yolanda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe El Salt site (Alcoi, Alicante, Spain) is one of the latest Neanderthal sites in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The disappearance of this human group is controversial and needs detailed studies from different research areas. Taphonomy is essential to establish how representative is a fossil assemblage of the past living organisms that produced it and to interpret the formation process of the fossil site. In the case of El Salt, we have analyzed the micromammal assemblages of Units X and V, which contain fossils of Neanderthals and/or evidence of their activity. In contrast with previous identifications of the little owl (Athene noctua), our detailed taphonomic study shown here allows us to conclude that the main predator involved in the production of the micromammal assemblages was the European eagle owl (Bubo bubo). This is an opportunistic predator whose feeding preferences and behavior reflect the abundance of local micromammalian species, which can therefore provide a representation of past ecosystems near El Salt. The taphonomic information provided by this study also indicates the absence of transport and reworking processes, and reinforces previous paleoecological interpretations, suggesting an increase of aridity at the top of El Salt sequence that coincided with the local disappearance of Neanderthals.
An analysis of the Dutch-style pension plans proposed by UK policy-makers
Authors: OWADALLY IQBAL , RAM RAHIL , REGIS LUCA 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCollective Defined Contribution (CDC) pension schemes are a variant of collective pension plans that are present in many countries and especially common in the Netherlands. CDC schemes are based on the pooled management of the retirement savings of all members, thereby incorporating inter-generational risk-sharing features. Employers are not subject to investment and longevity risks as these are transferred to plan members collectively. In this paper, we discuss policy related to the proposed introduction of CDC schemes to the UK. By means of a simulation-based study, we compare the performance of CDC schemes vis-à-vis typical Defined Contribution schemes under different investment strategies. We find that CDC schemes may provide retirees with a higher income replacement rate on average, together with less uncertainty.
The Lived Experience of Financialization at the UK Financial Fringe
Authors: APPLEYARD LINDSEY , PACKMAN CARL , LAZELL JORDON , ASLAM HUSSAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe financialization of everyday life has received considerable attention since the 2008 global financial crisis. Financialization is thought to have created active financial subjects through the ability to participate in mainstream financial services. While the lived experience of these mainstream financial subjects has been the subject of close scrutiny, the experiences of financial subjects at the financial fringe have been rarely considered. In the UK, for example, the introduction of High-Cost, Short-Term Credit [HCSTC] or payday loan regulation was designed to protect vulnerable people from accessing unaffordable credit. Exploring the impact of HCSTC regulation is important due to the dramatic decline of the high-cost credit market which helped meet essential needs in an era of austerity. As such, the paper examines the impact of the HCSTC regulation on sixty-four financially marginalized individuals in the UK that are unable to access payday loans. First, we identify the range of socioeconomic strategies that individuals employ to manage their finances to create a typology of financial subjectivity at the financial fringe. Second, we demonstrate how the temporal and precarious nature of financial inclusion at the financial fringe adds nuance to existing debates of the everyday lived experience of financialization.
Word skipping in deaf and hearing bilinguals: Cognitive control over eye movements remains with increased perceptual span
Authors: Traxler Matthew J. , Banh Timothy , Craft Madeline M. , Winsler Kurt , Brothers Trevor A. , Hoversten Liv J. , Piñar Pilar , Corina David P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeaf readers may have larger perceptual spans than ability-matched hearing native English readers, allowing them to read more efficiently (Belanger & Rayner, 2015). To further test the hypothesis that deaf and hearing readers have different perceptual spans, the current study uses eye-movement data from two experiments in which deaf American Sign Language–English bilinguals, hearing native English speakers, and hearing Chinese–English bilinguals read semantically unrelated sentences and answered comprehension questions after a proportion of them. We analyzed skip rates, fixation times, and accuracy on comprehension questions. In addition, we analyzed how lexical properties of words affected skipping behavior and fixation durations. Deaf readers skipped words more often than native English speakers, who skipped words more often than Chinese–English bilinguals. Deaf readers had shorter first-pass fixation times than the other two groups. All groups’ skipping behaviors were affected by lexical frequency. Deaf readers’ comprehension did not differ from hearing Chinese–English bilinguals, despite greater skipping and shorter fixation times. Overall, the eye-tracking findings align with Belanger’s word processing efficiency hypothesis. Effects of lexical frequency on skipping behavior indicated further that eye movements during reading remain under cognitive control in deaf readers.
On the size-Ramsey number of grid graphs
Authors: Clemens Dennis , Miralaei Meysam , Reding Damian , Schacht Mathias , Taraz Anusch 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe size-Ramsey number of a graph F is the smallest number of edges in a graph G with the Ramsey property for F, that is, with the property that any 2-colouring of the edges of G contains a monochromatic copy of F. We prove that the size-Ramsey number of the grid graph on n × n vertices is bounded from above by n3+o(1).
Validation of a six-item dietary calcium screening tool among HIV patients in China
Authors: Tseng Leslie Yingzhijie , Xie Wenni , Pan Wei , Lyu Hui , Yu Zhangping , Shi Wenyan , He Yun , Chen Wei , Li Taisheng , Hsieh Evelyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Individuals with HIV are at increased risk for osteoporosis. A healthy diet with adequate Ca is recommended to promote bone health. However, lengthy nutritional assessments pose barriers to routine screenings in clinical practice. This study aimed to examine the validity and reproducibility of a six-item dietary Ca screening tool among Chinese individuals with HIV.Design:We conducted a two time-point study in an outpatient setting. Volunteers self-administered the six-item tool upon enrolment and again at 1-month follow-up. At baseline, participants also completed a validated FFQ and surveys regarding demographic and clinical risk factors.Setting:Beijing, China; Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.Participants:Upon enrolment, 127 individuals with HIV participated in the study, of whom 83 completed the follow-up screening.Results:Mean age of participants was 35·2 (sd 9·3) years, average BMI was 22·8 (sd 3·8) kg/m2 and 89 % were men. Among the participants, 54·7 % reported Ca intake less than 800 mg/d. The six-item tool demonstrated fair-to-moderate relative validity with a correlation of 0·39 and 75·7 % of subjects classified in same/adjacent quartiles as the reference, and moderate-to-good reproducibility with a correlation of 0·60 and 83·1 % of subjects classified in same/adjacent quartiles. Finally, receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded a sensitivity of 87·0 % and a specificity of 39·4 % with optimised cut-off level.Conclusions:The six-item tool presented adequate validity and reproducibility to identify individuals with low Ca intake among the target population, providing a convenient instrument for categorising Ca intake in clinical practice, prompting referrals for further assessment, and raising awareness of dietary Ca in bone disease prevention.
Brands with personalities – good for businesses, but bad for public health? A content analysis of how food and beverage brands personify themselves on Twitter
Authors: Greene Tenay , Seet Carla , Rodríguez Barrio Andrea , McIntyre Dana , Kelly Bridget , Bragg Marie A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the extent to which food and beverage brands exhibit personalities on Twitter, quantify Twitter users’ engagement with posts displaying personality features and determine advertising spending across these brands on Twitter.Design:We identified 100 tweets from 10 food and beverage brands that displayed a ‘personality’, and 100 ‘control’ tweets (i.e. a post by that brand on the same day). Our codebook quantified the following personification strategies: (1) humour; (2) trendy language and (3) absence of food product mentions. We used media articles to quantify other personification strategies: (4) referencing trending topics; (5) referencing current events; (6) referencing internet memes and (7) targeting niche audiences. We calculated brands’ number of tweets, re-tweets, ‘likes’, and comments and report the relationship between advertising spending and retweets per follower.Setting:Twitter posts.Participants:Ten food and beverage brands that were described in media articles (e.g. Forbes) as having distinct personalities.Results:Personality tweets earned 123 013 retweets, 732 076 ‘likes’ and 14 806 comments, whereas control tweets earned 61 044 retweets, 256 105 ‘likes’ and 14 572 comments. The strategies used most included humour (n 81), trendy language (n 80) and trending topics (n 47). The three brands that spent the most on advertising had similar or fewer retweets per follower than the four that spent relatively little on advertising.Conclusions:Some food and beverage brands have distinct ‘personalities’ on Twitter that generate millions of ‘likes’ and retweets. Some retweets have an inverse relationship with advertising spending, suggesting ‘personalities’ may be a uniquely powerful advertising tool for targeting young adults.