bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lunar regolith and substructure at Chang’E-5 landing site in the northern Oceanus Procellarum
Authors: Song Hanjie , Sun Hui , Yu Gang , Liu Yang , Li Juan , Xu Menglong , Zheng Yikang , Li Chao , Pang Yong , Wang Guoxin , Zhao Ping , Zou Yongliao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) on the Chang’E-5 (CE-5) lander was deployed to investigate structures of the regolith. The migration and ridge detection methods were used to process the radar data, and the results indicate a 4.5 m regolith thickness that contains four units at the landing site, which is characterized by different internal reflections that point to their various compositions, mainly comprise protolith and admixed ejecta from the Harpalus, Copernicus, and Aristarchus. High-resolution processing for the LRPR data indicates a few rocks or slates with depth from ~ 0.2 m to over 1 m in the subsurface at the landing site, which was validated by the force analysis during the drilling of the regolith into ~ 1 m depth. The processing procedure proposed in this study is capable of producing reliable and precise images of the lunar regolith substructure, which provides important geological context on the returned drilling samples.
Microsurgical Repair of Severed Thoracic Spinal Cord and Clinical Outcome: Technical Case Report
Authors: Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This report describes a case of successful repair of severed thoracic spine in a young man who presented with a penetrating stab injury to spine resulting in Brown-Séquard syndrome. Surgical technique and post-operative management is discussed.A 34-year-old fit and well healthy man was admitted with a history of stab injury to the thoracic spine at thoracic T2/3 level with ASIA impairment score (AIS) score D with an incomplete spinal cord affecting his left lower limb with complete paralysis and right lower limb paresis with impaired sensation below T6 level to L5. Neuroimaging confirmed a penetrating knife injury traversing the T2/3 level causing hemi-section of the spinal cord confirmed intraoperatively. He underwent an urgent exploratory surgery of his spine and a T2/3 laminectomy was performed to aid removal of the knife. The dura was noted to be contused and severed spinal cord was noted to be severed with associated cord oedema. A microsurgical repair of the severed cord was performed with duroplasty followed by intense neuro-rehabilitation. On a three month follow up his AIS score is E with lower limb power is 5/5 bilaterally and he is able to mobilise independently up to 8-10 steps without any supportive aid and with crutches he is independently functional and mobile.This is the first documented case of microsurgical repair of severed thoracic spinal cord secondary to traumatic knife injury. In the management of such scenario, apart from the removal of foreign body, repair of the cord with duroplasty should be carefully considered. The role of spinal neuroplasticity in healing following timely repair of the spinal cord along with intense rehabilitation remains the key. This had resulted in a good clinical and functional outcome with in a 12 month period.
Accelerated Alcoholic Fermentation of Intact Grapes by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Symbiosis with Microbial Community Inhabiting Grape-skin
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Hashimoto Wataru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an essential player in alcoholic fermentation during winemaking, is rarely found in intact grapes. Here, we addressed symbiotic interactions between S. cerevisiae and grape-skin residents upon spontaneous wine fermentation. When glucose was used as a carbon source, the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, a major grape-skin resident, had no effect on alcoholic fermentation by S. cerevisiae. In contrast, when intact grape berries as a sole carbon source, coculture of S. cerevisiae and A. pullulans accelerated alcoholic fermentation. Thus, grape-inhabiting microorganisms may increase carbon availability by degrading and/or incorporating grape-skin materials, such as cell wall and cuticles. A. pullulans exhibited broad spectrum assimilation of plant-derived carbon sources, including ω-hydroxy fatty acids, arising from degradation of cutin. In fact, yeast-type cutinase was produced from A. pullulans EXF-150 strain. The degradation and utilization of grape-skin materials by fungal microbiota may account for their colonization on grape-skin and symbiotic interactions with S. cerevisiae.
Role of nanosilicab to boost the activities of metabolites in Triticum aestivum facing drought stress
Authors: Akhtar Nosheen , Ilyas Noshin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Drought stress is a threat to agriculture which is decreasing the yield of crops and creating a considerable loss. This research focused on the part played by silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), biofertilizers, and nanosilicab on Triticum aestivum under control and drought stress. Nanosilicab enhanced the germination percentage, germination index, and germination vigor index by 23.07%, 14.49% and, 93.10% under control and 14.42%, 10.52%, and 46.15% under drought. In the pot experiment, the soil was treated with 150 mg/kg SiO2 NPs, 1% biofertilizer and, 1% nanosilicab before sowing. Nanosilicab increased shoot length and root length by 9.39%, 10.76%, 22.41%, 18.76%, 30.58%, and, 21.56% under control and drought stress conditions. It also increased photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes content, relative water content, membrane stability index, phenol, and flavonoid content. The increase in antioxidant activity was significantly high by the application of nanosilicab i.e. the augmentation in catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was 68.65%, 83.69% and, 85.99% respectively. It also increased the indole acetic acid and cytokinin to 22.28% and 14.79% in comparison to control. The improvement in hundred grain weight and grains per spike by the use of nanosilicab was 36.25%, 38.76%, 27.47%, and 22.59% as compared to control. The positive interaction of nanosilicab with the roots of plants in the rhizosphere improved the growth of plants significantly and a potential candidate for application on crops. The novelty of this study lies in the formulation of nanosilicab and its role in drought amelioration.
An aberrant mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery in a patient with lung cancer undergoing right lower lobectomy: a case report
Authors: Komori Kazuyuki , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Kotaro , Kameda Koji , Taguchi Shinichi , Ozeki Yuichi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

A mediastinal mediobasal segmental pulmonary artery (A7) from the right main pulmonary artery is extremely rare.
Case presentation:

We have reported a case of a 71-year-old woman with aberrant A7 who underwent right lower lobectomy for lung cancer (cT1bN0M0, stage IA2). Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed an aberrant mediastinal A7 from the right main pulmonary artery. Right lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed. Intraoperatively, A7 was observed between the superior and inferior pulmonary veins, and at the front of the lower bronchus near the anterior hilum. The artery was carefully dissected from the caudal side after dissection of the inferior pulmonary vein. Then, the lung parenchyma, which was within the fissure due to poor lobulation between the middle and lower lobes, was safely divided.
Conclusions

Thoracic surgeons need to evaluate CT angiography or enhanced multidetector CT carefully at preoperative conferences and always keep this anomaly in mind.
Efficacy of a polyherbal formulation in the treatment of SARS CoV-2 disease: An open labelled feasibility study
Authors: Kanchibhotla Divya , Harsora Prateek , Subramanian Saumya , reddy Ravi , Venkatesh Hari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The ongoing pandemic caused by human coronavirus SARS CoV-2 has led to millions of death across the globe. Not only the virus is highly infectious, it is also mutates very easily. Currently there are no approved drugs for the therapeutic cure of COVID-19. The world is in search for an alternative that has antiviral properties directed against virus. Objective: The present study investigates an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation of 13 herbs, named NOQ19, targeted against various viral proteins of COVID-19. Methodology: The study is a single arm, single centric, open label study of 161 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients. The enrolled participants were given the ayurvedic intervention, 2 tablets, thrice daily, to be consumed along with the standard care. Follow up COVID-19 RT- PCR was done on Day 5, Day 10 and Day 14 or until the patient turned negative. The time required for turning RT-PCR negative or become asymptomatic was noted. Results: Subjective analysis demonstrated that 98% of patients turned asymptomatic within 5 days of NOQ19 intake. Also 74% of the subjects turned RT-PCR Negative on Day 5 after taking NOQ19 along with the standard care provided. Also, none of the participant reported any adverse effect or side effect to the medication.Conclusion: NOQ19 Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation is an effective as well as safe alternative and adjunct treatment for the symptomatic management of COVID-19.
Influence of biochar and microorganisms co-application on the remediation and maize productivity in cadmium-contaminated soil.
Authors: Haider Fasih Ullah , Farooq Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Cheema Sardar Alam , Ain Noor ul , Salim Muhammad Arslan , Mustafa Adnan , Liqun Cai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The synergistic effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and on cereal plant physiology remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to evaluate the combined effects of biochar pyrolyzed from (maize-straw (BC1), cow-manure (BC2), and poultry-manure (BC3), and microorganisms including (T. harzianum L. and B. subtilis L.), to evaluate, how incorporation of biochar positively influences microorganisms growth and nutrients uptake in plant, and how it mitigates under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30ppm). Cd2 (30 ppm) had the highest reduction in the intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate, which were 22.36, 34.50, 40.45, 20.66, 29.07, and 22.41% respectively lower than control Cd0 (0 ppm). Sole application BC, resulted in enhanced intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were recorded in BC2, which were 7.27, 20.54, 23.80, 5.96, 13.37, and 13.50% respectively greater as compared to control and decreased the Cd-concentration in root and shoot of maize by 34.07 and 32.53%, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, among sole microorganism’s inoculation, minimized the Cd-concentration in shoot, root, and soil by 23.77, 20.15, and 10.35% respectively than control. These results suggested that integrated application of cow manure biochar BC2 and inoculation of microorganisms MI3 as soil amendments had synergistic effects in improving the adsorption of nutrients and decreasing the Cd-uptake in maize, and enhancing the physiology of plant grown in Cd-polluted soils as opposed to using either biochar or inoculating microorganisms alone.
Taking care of business and doing overtime: Teaching research methods in public affairs curricula pre-pandemic and during COVID-19
Authors: Brennan John F. , Prentice Christopher R. , Kinzer Kirsten L. , Brudney Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

In this research, we sought to better understand important trends and developments in the teaching of quantitative and research methods courses in graduate public affairs programs. We were specifically interested in the following areas related to the teaching of quantitative and research methods: the impact of new technologies on curriculum delivery; the content of courses related to statistical analysis and research design; and the importance of numeracy, ethics, and data visualization. We surveyed quantitative and research methods instructors in graduate public affairs programs using the same survey instrument at two intervals eight years apart and analyzed results from each period side-by-side. Findings indicate some stark differences in the content and delivery of these courses. Given the timing of the second survey – Spring 2021 – findings are considered within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Od 2D do DIBH, przegląd technik radioterapeutycznych stosowanych w napromienianiu nowotworów piersi From 2D to DIBH, review of radiotherapeutic techniques related to irradiation of breast cancer
Authors: Charmacińska Magdalena , Styś Sara , Bąk Olga , Kijeska Weronika , Skrobała Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Nowotwór piersi jest to nowotwór złośliwy powstający z komórek gruczołu piersiowego, który rozwija się miejscowo w piersi oraz daje przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych i narządów wewnętrznych (płuc, wątroby, kości i mózgu). Ponad 23% zachorowań na nowotwory kobiet w Polsce, jak i na świecie stanowią nowotwory piersi. Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat techniki napromieniania nowotworów piersi ulegają ciągłemu rozwojowi. Celem pracy było poglądowe przedstawienie technik radioterapeutycznych stosowanych w napromienianiu nowotworów piersi, od dwuwymiarowej 2D techniki statycznej poprzez techniki dynamiczne (IMRT technika z modulacją intensywnością dawki (ang. intensity modulated radiation therapy), VMAT technika obrotowa z modulacją intensywności dawki (ang. volumetric modulated arc therapy), aż do techniki DIBH techniki napromieniania na głębokim wstrzymanym wdechu (ang. deep inspiration breath hold). W pracy skupiono się na przedstawieniu realizacji omawianych technik i opisie jak dana technika wpływa na rozkład dawki w planowanej objętości do napromieniania PTV (ang. Planning Target Volume) oraz na dawki w narządach krytycznych w radioterapii nowotworów piersi.
Cationic Clitoria ternatea Seed Peptide as a Potential Novel Bioactive Molecule
Authors: Sreekala S. , Muraleedharan Usha Devi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
While several biologics have been reported from different parts of Clitoria
ternatea, a herbaceous climber of the family Fabaceae, specific production of cationic peptides
other than cyclotides (<3.7 kDa) has barely been investigated, or their bioactive potential been
looked into.

Objective:
The study aims to uncover potential bioactivities and characteristics of novel cationic
peptides from C. ternatea seeds.

Methods:
C. ternatea seed cationic peptide purified by simple and cost-effective procedures was
analyzed by electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against
bacterial and fungal pathogens. Antioxidant potential was quantified by in vitro antioxidant assays.
Physicochemical characterization and Tandem mass spectrometry were performed.

Results:
An 8.5 kDa cationic peptide purified from C. ternatea seeds was active against Candida
albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli at a minimum inhibitory
concentration in the range of 8-32 μg/ml. This activity was totally uncompromised at pH 5-8
or after 1 h of heat treatment at 70-80ºC, but was sensitive to protease treatment. Concentration-dependent
free-radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing capacity demonstrated the antioxidant
potential of the peptide. Tandem MS analysis of trypsin-digested peptide based on shotgun proteomics
detected matching peptide sequences with one or two cysteine residues but had low sequence
coverage (≤17%) to known sequences in the C. ternatea protein database. Taken together,
the distinct characteristics of this novel 8.5 kDa peptide clearly distinguish it from known cyclotides
of C. ternatea.

Conclusions:
Insights have been obtained into the functional characteristics of what appears to be
a novel cationic peptide from C. ternatea seeds, exhibiting significant antimicrobial and antioxidant
activities.
Fagonia arabica L.: A Review of its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and
Traditional Uses
Authors: Hussain Abdullah Ijaz , Rathore Hassaan Anwer , Iftikhar Neelam , Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid , Ahmad Tanveer , Ali Qasim 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Fagonia arabica, belonging to family Zygophyllaceae, is a medicinal
plant widely distributed in the desert areas of the world, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India
and South Africa. The present review aims to explore the published information on the traditional
uses, ethnobotanical knowledge, phytochemistry and various biological activities like antioxidant,
antimicrobial, thrombolytic activities and anticoagulant effects of Fagonia arabica with critical
analysis on the gaps and future perspectives.

Method:
A literature survey was performed by searching the digital libraries and the scientific databases
including Scopus, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ACS, Web of Science and published books.

Results:
Fagonia arabica plant has been reported to have a wide range of traditional uses in sore
mouth, smallpox, hematological, neurological, endocrinological, inflammatory, cooling agent in
stomatitis, vertigo and endothermic reaction in the body. Several bioactive constituents, including
glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and trace elements, were recorded from
Fagonia arabica plant. The isolation and identification of two flavonoid glycosides (kaempferol-7-
O-rhamnoside and acacetin-7-O-rhamnoside) were also reported. Fagonia arabica has been studied
for its wide range of biological activities, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective
and anticoagulant.

Conclusion:
It is apparent from the literature that Fagonia arabica plant possesses a wide range of
medicinal and pharmacological uses and has been studied for its various pharmacological activities
and medicinal applications. Critical analysis reveals that the plant has huge potential for pharmaceutical
and pharmacological applications.
Dextran Sulfate Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating EZH2 in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yunning , Wang Wenjun , Xu Yuan-Yi , Guo Jiaxin , Jiao Longxing , Wang Honghong , Li Mengqi , Yang Qi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies.
According to reports, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) exhibits carcinogenic function
in a variety of cancers. Therefore, EZH2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of
human cancer. Macromolecular Dextran Sulfate (DS) has been displayed to play a critical role in
tumor inhibition. However, the molecular mechanism by which DS mediates this effect is unclear.

Objectives:
In this study, we explored the effects of DS on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric
cancer and the related mechanisms. Cell proliferation and counting assays, as well as cell
colony formation assays, revealed that DS inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenesis of GC
cells. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis displayed that DS blocked the cell cycle of GC cells in
the G1/S phase and promoted their apoptosis.

Methods:
Bioinformatics analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemistry,
and other methods were applied to measure the expression of EZH2 in human GC cells and tissues.

Results and Discussion:
Further studies have shown that DS treatment can reduce the expression
of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and increase the level of the ratio of Bax: Bcl-2 protein
in GC cells. In addition, DS reduced EZH2 levels and increased CXXC finger protein 4 levels
both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, down-regulation of EZH2 with EZH2 inhibitors reversed the
inhibitory effect of DS on gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Collectively, our work demonstrates that DS suppresses proliferation and promotes
apoptosis of GC cells by regulating EZH2. Our study suggests that DS is a promising therapeutic
compound for the treatment of GC.
Effects of Histone Modification in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Wu Man-Si , Li Xiao-Juan , Liu Chen-Yue , Xu Qiuyue , Huang Jun-Qing , Gu Simeng , Chen Jia-Xu 
Published: September 2021

:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease associated with many factors; specifically,
environmental, genetic, psychological, and biological factors play critical roles. Recent studies have
demonstrated that histone modification may occur in the human brain in response to severely stressful
events, resulting in transcriptional changes and the development of MDD. In this review, we discuss
five different histone modifications, histone methylation, histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation,
histone crotonylation and histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, and their relationships with
MDD. The utility of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) for MDD treatment is also
discussed. As a large number of MDD patients in China have been treated with traditional Chineses
medicine (TCM), we also discuss some TCM therapies, such as Xiaoyaosan (XYS), and their effects
on histone modification. In summary, targeting histone modification may
Combining Evolution and Cancer Therapy: A Review of the Mathematical
Approach
Authors: Raghavendran Srikanth , Selvaraj Stalin , Suresh Sruthi 
Published: September 2021

:
Conventional cancer therapy kills tumors by applying the maximum tolerable dose of
therapy. However, it leads to the development of tumoral heterogeneity and resistance, hence leading
to therapy failure and progression. It is necessary to design therapies keeping in mind the evolutionary
dynamics of tumors to minimize resistance and delay progression. Mathematical models
are of great importance in oncology as they assist in the recreation of the tumor microenvironment,
predict the outcomes of treatment strategies and elucidate fundamentals of tumor growth and resistance
development. The body of literature covering models which incorporate evolutionary dynamics
is vast. This paper provides an overview of existing models of “evolutionary therapy”, including
ordinary differential equations, fitness, and probability functions.
Expression of mTOR/70S6K Signaling Pathway in Melanoma Cancer
Cells and the Effects of Dacarbazine and Metformin
Authors: Javarsiani Marjan Hajimoradi , Javanmard Shagayegh Haghjooy , Sajedianfard Javad 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of skin cancer
that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas typically occur
in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines or, eye. This study aims to examine the expression
of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/70S6K signaling pathway in melanoma
cancer.

Methods:
The B16F10 cell line treated with dacarbazine IC50 and different concentrations of metformin
(0.5, 2, and 8 mM) for 24 hr and mTOR and 70S6k proteins expression were examined by
western blotting. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay.

Results:
Western blot analysis showed that after different concentrations of metformin and dacarbazine
treatments, the mTOR and 70S6K protein expression significantly (P<0.05) decreased.

Conclusion:
Metformin-induced repression of mTOR/70S6k axis activity disrupts B16F10 growth.
Thus, we believe that combination therapy may be a suitable potential therapeutic target for melanoma
cancer.