bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic incisional negative pressure wound therapy for gynaecologic malignancies
Authors: Martí Maria Teresa Climent , Fernandez‐Gonzalez Sergi , Martí Maria Dolores , Pla Maria Jesus , Barahona Marc , Ponce Jordi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWound complications are an important cause of postoperative morbidity among patients with gynaecologic malignancies. We evaluated whether the placement of closed‐incisional negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) at the time of laparotomy for gynaecologic cancer surgery reduced wound complication rates. A retrospective cohort study with primary wound closure performed by a gynaecologic oncologist was carried out. We evaluated two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery in 2017 with standard closure and patients who underwent surgery in 2019 with the placement of prophylactic ciNPT. Postoperative outcomes were examined. A total of 143 patients were included, 85 (59.4%) vs 58 (40.6%) with standard closure and ciNPT, respectively. The total complication rate in our sample was 38.71%. The rate of surgical complications in patients treated with ciNPT was 6.9% compared with 31.8% (P = .000) in patients treated with standard closure. In the analysis of complications, a significant reduction in infections (17.1%), seromas (15.4%), and wound dehiscence (17.1%) were observed when ciNPT was applied. The median hospital stay was 8 vs 6 days in the standard closure vs ciNPT groups (P = .048). The use of the prophylactic ciNPT following a laparotomy may decrease wound complications and hospital stays in oncological patients. ciNPT could be considered as part of clinical practice in patients at high risk of wound complications, such as patients with gynaecological malignancies.
Ectopic pancreatic fat as a risk factor for hypertension in children and adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Kim Ji Young , Yang Hye Ran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, few studies have reported an association between ectopic fat deposition and metabolic complications, including hypertension, in children with NAFLD. The present study evaluated the risk factors for hypertension in children with NAFLD from the aspect of ectopic fat. This cross‐sectional retrospective study investigated 65 children with NAFLD (49 boys, mean age 13.0 ± 3.2 years, mean body mass index z‐score [BMI‐z] 2.5 ± 1.2), who underwent liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging‐based fat fraction measurement for ectopic hepatic and pancreatic fats, as well as anthropometry, blood pressure, laboratory tests, and body composition analysis. A logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for hypertension. Through a simple logistic regression analysis, age (OR 1.392), BMI‐z (OR 3.971), waist circumference‐to‐height ratio (OR 1.136), fat‐free mass index (OR 1.444), γ‐glutamyl transferase (OR 1.021), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (OR 0.743), dyslipidemia (OR 5.357), and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) (OR 1.205) were associated with hypertension. The optimal cut‐off of PFF to divide children with NAFLD into two groups with and without hypertension was 4.39% (area under the curve 0.754, p = .001, sensitivity 82.4%, specificity 73.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis in the fully adjusted model revealed both BMI‐z (OR 4.912, 95% CI, 1.463–16.497) and PFF (OR 1.279, 95% CI, 1.007–1.624) were independent risk factors for hypertension. In conclusions, in addition to BMI‐z, ectopic pancreatic fat is an important risk factor for hypertension in children with NAFLD.
Meta‐Fish‐Lib: A generalised, dynamic DNA reference library pipeline for metabarcoding of fishes
Authors: Collins Rupert A. , Trauzzi Giulia , Maltby Katherine M. , Gibson Thomas I. , Ratcliffe Frances C. , Hallam Jane , Rainbird Sophie , Maclaine James , Henderson Peter A. , Sims David W. , Mariani Stefano , Genner Martin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe accuracy and reliability of DNA metabarcoding analyses depend on the breadth and quality of the reference libraries that underpin them. However, there are limited options available to obtain and curate the huge volumes of sequence data that are available on public repositories such as NCBI and BOLD. Here, we provide a pipeline to download, clean and annotate mitochondrial DNA sequence data for a given list of fish species. Features of this pipeline include (a) support for multiple metabarcode markers; (b) searches on species synonyms and taxonomic name validation; (c) phylogeny assisted quality control for identification and removal of misannotated sequences; (d) automatically generated coverage reports for each new GenBank release update; and (e) citable, versioned DOIs. As an example we provide a ready‐to‐use curated reference library for the marine and freshwater fishes of the U.K. To augment this reference library for environmental DNA metabarcoding specifically, we generated 241 new MiFish‐12S sequences for 88 U.K. marine species, and make available new primer sets useful for sequencing these. This brings the coverage of common U.K. species for the MiFish‐12S fragment to 93%, opening new avenues for scaling up fish metabarcoding across wide spatial gradients. The Meta‐Fish‐Lib reference library and pipeline is hosted at https://github.com/genner-lab/meta-fish-lib.
The rice Raf‐like MAPKKK OsILA1 confers broad‐spectrum resistance to bacterial blight by suppressing the OsMAPKK4–OsMAPK6 cascade
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Lihan , Yang Zeyu , Liu Hongbo , Chu Chuanliang , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Qinglu , Li Xianghua , Xiao Jinghua , Wang Shiping , Yuan Meng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) are the first components of MAPK cascades, which play pivotal roles in signaling during plant development and physiological processes. The genome of rice encodes 75 MAPKKKs, of which 43 are Raf‐like MAPKKKs. The functions and action modes of most of the Raf‐like MAPKKKs, whether they function as bona fide MAPKKKs and which are their downstream MAPKKs, are largely unknown. Here, we identified the osmapkkk43 mutant, which conferred broad‐spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the destructive bacterial pathogen of rice. Oryza sativa (Os)MAPKKK43 encoding a Raf‐like MAPKKK was previously known as Increased Leaf Angle 1 (OsILA1). Genetic analysis indicated that OsILA1 functioned as a negative regulator and acted upstream of the OsMAPKK4–OsMAPK6 cascade in rice–Xoo interactions. Unlike classical MAPKKKs, OsILA1 mainly phosphorylated the threonine 34 site at the N‐terminal domain of OsMAPKK4, which possibly influenced the stability of OsMAPKK4. The N‐terminal domain of OsILA1 is required for its homodimer formation and its full phosphorylation capacity. Taken together, our findings reveal that OsILA1 acts as a negative regulator of the OsMAPKK4–OsMAPK6 cascade and is involved in rice–Xoo interactions.
Symptom network analysis of the sleep disorders diagnostic criteria based on the clinical text of the ICSD‐3
Authors: Gauld Christophe , Lopez Régis , Morin Charles , Geoffroy Pierre A. , Maquet Julien , Desvergnes Pierre , McGonigal Aileen , Dauvilliers Yves , Philip Pierre , Dumas Guillaume , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD‐3) is the authoritative clinical text for the diagnosis of sleep disorders. An important issue of sleep nosology is to better understand the relationship between symptoms found in conventional diagnostic manuals and to compare classifications. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there is no specific exhaustive work on the general structure of the networks of symptoms of sleep disorders as described in diagnostic manuals. The general aim of the present study was to use symptom network analysis to explore the diagnostic criteria in the ICSD‐3 manual. The ICSD‐3 diagnostic criteria related to clinical manifestations were systematically identified, and the units of analysis (symptoms) were labelled from these clinical manifestation diagnostic criteria using three rules (“Conservation”, “Splitting”, “Lumping”). A total of 37 of the 43 main sleep disorders with 160 units of analysis from 114 clinical manifestations in the ICSD‐3 were analysed. A symptom network representing all individual ICSD‐3 criteria and connections between them was constructed graphically (network estimation), quantified with classical metrics (network inference with global and local measures) and tested for robustness. The global measure of the sleep symptoms network shows that it can be considered as a small world, suggesting a strong interconnection between symptoms in the ICSD‐3. Local measures show the central role of three kinds of bridge sleep symptoms: daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and behaviour during sleep symptoms. Such a symptom network analysis of the ICSD‐3 structure could provide a framework for better systematising and organising symptomatology in sleep medicine.
NR1H4 rs35724 G>C variant modulates liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Grimaudo Stefania , Dongiovanni Paola , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Eslam Mohammed , Yki‐Järvinen Hannele , Pipitone Rosaria Maria , Baselli Guido , Cammà Calogero , Di Marco Vito , Enea Marco , Longo Miriam , Pennisi Grazia , Prati Daniele , Zito Rossella , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Craxì Antonio , George Jacob , Romeo Stefano , Valenti Luca , Petta Salvatore 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsFarnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a key role in bile acid and lipid homeostasis. Experimental evidence suggests that it can modulate liver damage related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the impact of the NR1H4 rs35724 G>C, encoding for FXR, on liver damage in a large cohort of patients at risk of steatohepatitis.MethodsWe considered 2,660 consecutive individuals at risk of steatohepatitis with liver histology. The rs35724 G>C polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Gene expression was evaluated by RNASeq in a subset of patients (n = 124).ResultsThe NR1H4 rs35724 CC genotype, after adjusting for clinic‐metabolic and genetic confounders and for enrolling centre, was protective against severity of steatosis (GG vs CC OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62‐0.95; P = .01), steatohepatitis (GG vs CC OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47‐0.83; P = .001) and severity of fibrosis (GG vs CC OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.67‐0.98; P = .04). The C allele was associated with higher total circulating cholesterol (P = .01). Patients carrying the NR1H4 rs35724 C allele had significantly higher hepatic mRNA levels of FXR and were associated with higher hepatic FGFR4 and Cyp39A1 that are in turn involved in bile acid synthesis.ConclusionsIncreased hepatic FXR expression due to the NR1H4 rs35724 C allele is linked to higher serum cholesterol but protects against steatosis, steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. The translational relevance of these results for patient risk stratification and FXR‐targeted therapy warrants further investigation.
Reindeer grazing history determines the responses of subarctic soil fungal communities to warming and fertilization
Authors: Ahonen Saija H. K. , Ylänne Henni , Väisänen Maria , Ruotsalainen Anna Liisa , Männistö Minna K. , Markkola Annamari , Stark Sari 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Composition and functioning of arctic soil fungal communities may alter rapidly due to the ongoing trends of warmer temperatures, shifts in nutrient availability, and shrub encroachment. In addition, the communities may also be intrinsically shaped by heavy grazing, which may locally induce an ecosystem change that couples with increased soil temperature and nutrients and where shrub encroachment is less likely to occur than in lightly grazed conditions.

We tested how 4 yr of experimental warming and fertilization affected organic soil fungal communities in sites with decadal history of either heavy or light reindeer grazing using high‐throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal DNA region.

Grazing history largely overrode the impacts of short‐term warming and fertilization in determining the composition of fungal communities. The less diverse fungal communities under light grazing showed more pronounced responses to experimental treatments when compared with the communities under heavy grazing. Yet, ordination approaches revealed distinct treatment responses under both grazing intensities.

If grazing shifts the fungal communities in Arctic ecosystems to a different and more diverse state, this shift may dictate ecosystem responses to further abiotic changes. This indicates that the intensity of grazing cannot be left out when predicting future changes in fungi‐driven processes in the tundra.
Gene expression shapes the patterns of parallel evolution of herbicide resistance in the agricultural weed Monochoria vaginalis
Authors: Tanigaki Shinji , Uchino Akira , Okawa Shigenori , Miura Chikako , Hamamura Kenshiro , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Yoshino Namiko , Ueno Naoya , Toyama Yusuke , Fukumi Naoya , Kijima Eiji , Masuda Taro , Shimono Yoshiko , Tominaga Tohru , Iwakami Satoshi 
Published: July 2021

Summary

The evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds is an example of parallel evolution, through which genes encoding herbicide target proteins are repeatedly represented as evolutionary targets. The number of herbicide target‐site genes differs among species, and little is known regarding the effects of duplicate gene copies on the evolution of herbicide resistance.

We investigated the evolution of herbicide resistance in Monochoria vaginalis, which carries five copies of sulfonylurea target‐site acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes. Suspected resistant populations collected across Japan were investigated for herbicide sensitivity and ALS gene sequences, followed by functional characterization and ALS gene expression analysis.

We identified over 60 resistant populations, all of which carried resistance‐conferring amino acid substitutions exclusively in MvALS1 or MvALS3. All MvALS4 alleles carried a loss‐of‐function mutation. Although the enzymatic properties of ALS encoded by these genes were not markedly different, the expression of MvALS1 and MvALS3 was prominently higher among all ALS genes.

The higher expression of MvALS1 and MvALS3 is the driving force of the biased representation of genes during the evolution of herbicide resistance in M. vaginalis. Our findings highlight that gene expression is a key factor in creating evolutionary hotspots.
Artificial intelligence in orthodontics: Where are we now? A scoping review
Authors: Monill‐González Anna , Rovira‐Calatayud Laia , d’Oliveira Nuno Gustavo , Ustrell‐Torrent Josep M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aims to determine the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are extensively employed in the field of Orthodontics, to evaluate its benefits, and to discuss its potential implications in this speciality. Recent decades have witnessed enormous changes in our profession. The arrival of new and more aesthetic options in orthodontic treatment, the transition to a fully digital workflow, the emergence of temporary anchorage devices and new imaging methods all provide both patients and professionals with a new focus in orthodontic care.Materials and methodsThis review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. The electronic literature search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and IEEE Xplore databases with a 11‐year time restriction: January 2010 till March 2021. No additional manual searches were performed.ResultsThe electronic literature search initially returned 311 records, and 115 after removing duplicate references. Finally, the application of the inclusion criteria resulted in 17 eligible publications in the qualitative synthesis review.ConclusionThe analysed studies demonstrated that Convolution Neural Networks can be used for the automatic detection of anatomical reference points on radiological images. In the growth and development research area, the Cervical Vertebral Maturation stage can be determined using an Artificial Neural Network model and obtain the same results as expert human observers. AI technology can also improve the diagnostic accuracy for orthodontic treatments, thereby helping the orthodontist work more accurately and efficiently.
Earthquake Threat! Understanding the Intention to Prepare for the Big One
Authors: Asgarizadeh Lamjiry Zahra , Gifford Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKnowledge about how hazard‐threatened individuals perceive risks and what influences their intentions to prepare is crucial for effective disaster management. We investigated (a) whether residents of objectively higher‐risk earthquake areas within a city perceive greater risk, have stronger intentions to prepare, and report more preparation than residents of objectively lower‐risk areas, (b) 10 antecedent factors as predictors of the intention to prepare for an earthquake, and (c) whether risk perception mediates the relations between nine antecedent factors and the intention to prepare. Notably, residents of high‐risk areas did not express stronger intentions to prepare or report more preparations than did residents of low‐risk areas, despite perceiving significantly greater risk. Risk perception mediated the relation between antecedent fatalism and the intention to prepare. Among the policy implications is a clear need for greater education of residents in high‐risk earthquake areas.
Integrating Risk Assessment and Decision‐Making Methods in Analyzing the Dynamics of COVID‐19 Epidemics in Davao City, Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Logrosa Gernelyn , Mata May Anne , Lachica Zython Paul , Estaña Leo Manuel , Hassall Maureen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has become a public health crisis in the Philippines and the attention of national and local health authorities is focused on managing the fluctuating COVID‐19 cases. This study presents a method that integrates risk management tools into health care decision‐making processes to enhance the understanding and utilization of risk‐based thinking in public health decision making. The risk assessment consists of the identification of the key risk factors of the COVID‐19 contagion via bow‐tie diagrams. Second, the safety controls for each risk factor relevant to the Davao City context are taken into account and are identified as barriers in the bow‐tie. After which, the prioritization of the identified COVID‐19 risks, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed interventions, is performed using the analytic hierarchy process. Consequently, the dynamics of COVID‐19 management initiatives were explored using these priorities and a system of ordinary differential equations. Our results show that reducing the number of COVID‐19 fatalities should be the top priority of the health authorities. In turn, we predict that the COVID‐19 contagion can be controlled and eliminated in Davao city in three‐month time after prioritizing the fatalities. In order to reduce the COVID‐19 fatalities, health authorities should ensure an adequate number of COVID‐ready ICU facilities. The general public, on the other hand, should follow medical and science‐based advice and suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients should strictly follow isolation protocols. Overall, an informed decision‐making is necessary to avoid the unwanted consequences of an uncontrolled contagion.
Analyzing routes in Ottoman Greater Syria using historical GIS: The 1849 Saida map
Authors: Zohar Motti , Ben‐Bassat Yuval 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOttoman cartographic materials are important sources of information on 19th and early 20th‐century Greater Syria. However, large portions of this corpus have yet to be examined. This study explores a rare mid‐19th‐century Ottoman map of the Province of Saida preserved in the Ottoman Archive in Istanbul. It lists travel times between villages, towns, and administrative centers in Greater Syria under Ottoman rule, and shows the network of routes connecting these localities. Using an historical GIS approach, we evaluated the characteristics of the map and its cartographical accuracy and merits. The network of routes on the map is compared to route reconstructions based on least‐cost‐path principles. The discussion focuses on the historical context of the map and the ways in which it reflects the strength of Ottoman rule and familiarity with Greater Syria at the time.
A new definition for massive transfusion in the modern era of whole blood resuscitation
Authors: Hu Parker , Uhlich Rindi , Black Jonathan , Jansen Jan O. , Kerby Jeffrey , Holcomb John B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple thresholds are defined to identify patients at risk of death from hemorrhage, including massive transfusion (MT), critical administration threshold (CAT), and resuscitation intensity (RI). All fail to account for the use of whole blood (WB). We hypothesized that a definition including WB transfusion would better predict early mortality following trauma.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all trauma patients with activation of the MT protocol from December 2018 to February 2020. Combinations of WB, RBCs, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units transfused during the initial hour of resuscitation were compared using receiver operating characteristic and area under the receiver curve (AUC) for 3‐ and 6‐h mortality. WB massive transfusion (WB MT) score was defined as the sum of each unit RBC plus three times each unit of WB transfused within the first hour of resuscitation.ResultsThere were 235 patients eligible for analysis with 60 resuscitated using ≥1 unit of WB. Overall, 27 and 29 patients died in the first 3 and 6 h, respectively. WB MT ≥7 had the greatest 3‐h and 6‐h mortality AUC values (0.78 and 0.79, respectively) when compared to MT, CAT, RI4+, and other attempted definitions using units of WB, RBC, and FFP. Compared to WB MT−, WB MT+ patients died at significantly higher rates at 3 h (28.9% vs. 3.1%, p < .001), 24 h (35.5% vs. 5.7%, p < .001), and 28 days (42.1% vs. 11.9%, p < .001).ConclusionWB MT is the first measure of massive resuscitation to incorporate WB and better identifies early mortality than other definitions.
Safety profile of low‐titer group O whole blood in pediatric patients with massive hemorrhage
Authors: Morgan Katrina M. , Yazer Mark H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Strotmeyer Stephen , Gaines Barbara A. , Leeper Christine M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐titer Group O Whole Blood (LTOWB) is used with increasing frequency in adult and pediatric trauma and massive bleeding transfusion protocols. There is a risk of acute hemolytic reactions in non‐group O recipients due to the passive transfusion of anti‐A and anti‐B in the LTOWB. This study investigated the hemolysis risk among pediatric recipients of LTOWB.Study design and methodsBlood bank records were queried for pediatric recipients of LTOWB between June 2016 and August 2020 and merged with clinical data. The primary outcome was laboratory evidence of hemolysis as manifested by changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), haptoglobin, total bilirubin, reticulocyte count, potassium, and creatinine. Per protocol, these values were collected on hospital days 0–2 for recipients of LTOWB. Transfusion reactions were reported to the hospital's blood bank.ResultsForty‐seven children received LTOWB transfusion between 2016 and 2020; 21 were group O and 26 were non‐group O. The groups were comparable in terms of the total volume of transfused blood products, demographics, and clinical outcomes. The most common indication for LTOWB transfusion was hemorrhagic shock due to trauma. There were no clinically or statistically significant differences in baseline, post‐transfusion day 1, or post‐transfusion day 2 hemolysis markers between the group O and non‐group O LTOWB recipients. There were no adverse events or transfusion reactions reported.DiscussionUse of up to 40 ml/kg of LTOWB appears to be serologically safe for children in hemorrhagic shock.