bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The factor structure of the macaque social responsiveness scale‐revised predicts social behavior and personality dimensions
Authors: Talbot Catherine F. , Maness Alyssa C. , Capitanio John P. , Parker Karen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost primate species are highly social. Yet, within species, pronounced individual differences in social functioning are evident. In humans, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) measures variation in social functioning. The SRS provides a quantitative measure of social functioning in natural social settings and can be used as a screening tool for autistic traits. The SRS was previously adapted for use in chimpanzees and recently refined for rhesus macaques, resulting in the macaque Social Responsiveness Scale‐Revised (mSRS‐R). Here, we performed an exploratory factor analysis on the mSRS‐R in a large sample of male rhesus macaques (N = 233). We investigated the relationships of the resulting mSRS‐R factors to quantitative social behavior (alone, proximity, contact, groom, and play) and to previously‐established personality dimensions (Sociability, Confidence, Irritability, and Equability). Factor analysis yielded three mSRS‐R factors: Poor Social Motivation, Poor Social Attractiveness, and Inappropriate Behavior. mSRS‐R factors mapped closely to social behavior and personality dimensions in rhesus macaques, providing support for this instrument's convergent and discriminant validity. Animals with higher Poor Social Motivation were more likely to be observed alone and less likely to be observed in contact and grooming with conspecifics. Animals with higher Poor Social Attractiveness were less likely to be observed playing but more likely to be observed grooming with conspecifics. Inappropriate Behavior did not predict any behavioral measure. Finally, animals with higher Poor Social Motivation and higher Poor Social Attractiveness had less sociable personalities, whereas animals with more Inappropriate Behavior were more confident and more irritable. These findings suggest that the mSRS‐R is a promising, psychometrically robust tool that can be deployed to better understand the psychological factors contributing to individual differences in macaque social functioning and, with relevant species‐specific modification, the SRS may hold promise for investigating variation in social functioning across diverse primate taxa.
Clinical characteristics and cytokine profiles of central‐compartment‐type chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lin Yi‐Tsen , Lin Chih‐Feng , Liao Chun‐Kang , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Yeh Te‐Huei 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe clinical characteristics of central‐compartment‐type chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in East Asian individuals are not clear. We sought to investigate the clinical features and the cytokine profiles of central‐compartment‐type CRS in our patient group.MethodsAdult patients diagnosed with bilateral CRS were recruited, and patients who had previously undergone sinus surgery and pansinusitis (Lund‐Mackay scores >23) were excluded. Central‐compartment‐type CRS was defined by both endoscopic and radiological features. The symptoms, inhalant allergen sensitization status, endoscopic findings, and radiological assessments were recorded and compared between patients with central‐compartment‐type CRS and other types of CRS. We also examined the extent of tissue eosinophilia and specific cytokine protein levels (eosinophil cationic protein [ECP], myeloperoxidase [MPO], immunoglobulin E [IgE], interleukin [IL]‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13) in the sinonasal tissues.ResultsCentral‐compartment‐type CRS was found in 16 (23.9%) patients, and non–central‐compartment‐type CRS was found in 51 (76.1%) patients. Hyposmia or anosmia as the major symptom was more common in the central‐compartment‐type CRS group. The numbers of eosinophils in tissue and serum were significantly higher in the central‐compartment‐type CRS patients. The presence of allergen sensitization was not significantly different between groups. The levels of IL‐5 and IL‐13 were increased in middle turbinate tissues of patients with central‐compartment‐type CRS.ConclusionCentral‐compartment‐type CRS was associated with hyposmia or anosmia, eosinophilic subtypes, and elevated levels of IL‐5 and IL‐13 in middle turbinate tissues but not necessarily correlated with allergic disease in our patients.
Associations among education, age, and the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) metabolic pattern: A European‐DLB consortium project
Authors: Bauckneht Matteo , Chincarini Andrea , Brendel Matthias , Rominger Axel , Beyer Leonie , Bruffaerts Rose , Vandenberghe Rik , Kramberger Milica G. , Trost Maja , Garibotto Valentina , Nicastro Nicolas , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Lemstra Afina W. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Ochoa‐Figueroa Miguel A. , Davidsson Anette , Camacho Valle , Peira Enrico , Arnaldi Dario , Pardini Matteo , Donegani Maria Isabella , Raffa Stefano , Miceli Alberto , Sambuceti Gianmario , Aarsland Dag , Nobili Flavio , Morbelli Silvia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed the influence of education as a proxy of cognitive reserve and age on the dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) metabolic pattern.MethodsBrain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and clinical/demographic information were available in 169 probable DLB patients included in the European DLB‐consortium database. Principal component analysis identified brain regions relevant to local data variance. A linear regression model was applied to generate age‐ and education‐sensitive maps corrected for Mini‐Mental State Examination score, sex (and either education or age).ResultsAge negatively covaried with metabolism in bilateral middle and superior frontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate, reducing the expression of the DLB‐typical cingulate island sign (CIS). Education negatively covaried with metabolism in the left inferior parietal cortex and precuneus (making the CIS more prominent).DiscussionThese findings point out the importance of tailoring interpretation of DLB biomarkers considering the concomitant effect of individual, non–disease‐related variables such as age and cognitive reserve.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate 1,6‐, 1,8‐, and 1,10‐Borylation
Authors: Shi Chang‐Yun , Eun Jungmin , Newhouse Timothy R. , Yin Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric remote conjugate borylation is challenging as the control of regioselectivity is not trivial, the electrophilicity of remote sites is extenuated, and the remote asymmetric induction away from the carbonyl group is difficult. Herein, catalytic asymmetric conjugate 1,6‐, 1,8‐ and 1,10‐borylation was developed with excellent regioselectivity, which delivered α‐chiral boronates in moderate to high yields with high enantioselectivity. The produced chiral boronate smoothly underwent oxidation, cross‐coupling, and one‐carbon homologation to give synthetically versatile chiral compounds in moderate yields with excellent stereoretention. Furthermore, a stereomechanistic analysis was conducted using DFT calculations, which provides insights into the origins of the regioselectivity. Finally, the present 1,6‐borylation was successfully applied in an efficient one‐pot asymmetric synthesis of (−)‐7,8‐dihydrokavain.
NIR‐Actuated Remote Activation of Ferroptosis in Target Tumor Cells through a Photothermally Responsive Iron‐Chelated Biopolymer Nanoplatform
Authors: Xue Chencheng , Li Menghuan , Liu Changhuang , Li Yanan , Fei Yang , Hu Yan , Cai Kaiyong , Zhao Yanli , Luo Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death that shows promise for tumor treatment. Most current ferroptosis tumor therapies are based on the intrinsic pathological features of the malignancies, and it would be of clinical significance to develop ferroptosis‐inducing strategies with improved tumor specificity and modulability. Here we report a polydopamine‐based nanoplatform (FeIIPDA@LAP‐PEG‐cRGD) for the efficient loading of Fe2+ and β‐lapachone (LAP), which could readily initiate ferroptosis in tumor cells upon treatment with near‐infrared light. PDA nanostructures could generate mild hyperthermia under NIR irritation and trigger the release of the ferroptosis‐inducing Fe2+ ions. The NIR‐actuated photothermal effect would also activate cellular heat shock response and upregulate the downstream NQO1 via HSP70/NQO1 axis to facilitate bioreduction of the concurrently released β‐lapachone and enhance intracellular H2O2 formation to promote the Fe2+‐mediated lipid peroxidation.
Tailoring the Microporosity of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for Advanced Gas Separation by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Wu Lei , Yang Huimin , Qin Yong , Ma Xiaohua , Li Nanwen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTailoring the microporosity of intrinsically microporous polymers at the atomic level is one of the biggest challenges in achieving high‐performance polymeric gas separation membranes. In this study, for the first time, the Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique was used to modify the microporosity of a typical polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) at the atomic level. PIM‐1 with six ALD cycles (PIM‐1‐Al2O3‐6) exhibited simultaneous high thermal, mechanical, pure‐ and mixed‐gas separation, and anti‐aging properties. The O2/N2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 separation performances were adequate above the latest trade‐off lines. PIM‐1‐Al2O3‐6 showed CO2 and O2 permeabilities of 624 and 188 Barrer, combined with CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 selectivities of 56.2 and 8.8, respectively. This significantly enhanced performance was attributed to the strong size sieving effect induced by the Al2O3 deposition.
Two Cryptic Self‐Resistance Mechanisms in Streptomyces tenebrarius Reveal Insights into the Biosynthesis of Apramycin
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chi Hao‐Tian , Wu Linrui , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApramycin is a clinically promising aminoglycoside antibiotic (AGA). To date, mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and self‐resistance of apramycin remain largely unknown. Here we report that apramycin biosynthesis proceeds through unexpected phosphorylation, deacetylation, and dephosphorylation steps, in which a novel aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (AprU), a putative creatinine amidohydrolase (AprP), and an alkaline phosphatase (AprZ) are involved. Biochemical characterization revealed that AprU specifically phosphorylates 5‐OH of a pseudotrisaccharide intermediate, whose N‐7′ acetyl group is subsequently hydrolyzed by AprP. AprZ is located extracellularly where it removes the phosphate group from a pseudotetrasaccharide intermediate, leading to the maturation of apramycin. Intriguingly, 7′‐N‐acetylated and 5‐O‐phosphorylated apramycin that were accumulated in ΔaprU and ΔaprZ respectively exhibited significantly reduced antibacterial activities, implying Streptomyces tenebrarius employs C‐5 phosphorylation and N‐7′ acetylation as two strategies to avoid auto‐toxicity. Significantly, this study provides insight into the design of new generation AGAs to circumvent the emergence of drug‐resistant pathogens.
Macrocyclic Arenes‐Based Conjugated Macrocycle Polymers for Highly Selective CO2 Capture and Iodine Adsorption
Authors: Dai Dihua , Yang Jie , Zou Yong‐Cun , Wu Jia‐Rui , Tan Li‐Li , Wang Yan , Li Bao , Lu Tong , Wang Bo , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncorporating synthetic macrocycles with unique structures and distinct conformations into conjugated macrocycle polymers (CMPs) can endow the resulting materials with great potentials in gas uptake and pollutant adsorption. Here, four CMPs (CMP‐n, n=1–4) capable of reversibly capturing iodine and efficiently separating carbon dioxide are constructed from per‐triflate functionalized leaning tower[6]arene (LT6‐OTf) and [2]biphenyl‐extended pillar[6]arene (BpP6‐OTf) via Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira–Hagihara cross‐coupling reaction. Intriguingly, owing to the appropriate cavity size of LT6‐OTf and the numerous aromatic rings in the framework, the newly designed CMP‐4 possesses an outstanding I2 affinity with a large uptake capacity of 208 wt % in vapor and a great removal efficiency of 94 % in aqueous solutions. To our surprise, with no capacity to accommodate nitrogen, CMP‐2 constructed from BpP6‐OTf is able to specifically capture carbon dioxide at ambient conditions.
Structural Revision of Natural Cyclic Depsipeptide MA026 Established by Total Synthesis and Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Analysis
Authors: Uchiyama Chihiro , Fukuda Akane , Mukaiyama Minagi , Nakazawa Yoshiki , Kuramochi Yuka , Muguruma Kyohei , Arimoto Mitsue , Ninomiya Akihiro , Kako Koichiro , Katsuyama Yohei , Konno Sho , Taguchi Akihiro , Takayama Kentaro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Nagumo Yoko , Usui Takeo , Hayashi Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA revised structure of natural 14‐mer cyclic depsipeptide MA026, isolated from Pseudomonas sp. RtlB026 in 2002 was established by physicochemical analysis with HPLC, MS/MS, and NMR and confirmed by total solid‐phase synthesis. The revised structure differs from that previously reported in that two amino acid residues, assigned in error, have been replaced. Synthesized MA026 with the revised structure showed a tight junction (TJ) opening activity like that of the natural one in a cell‐based TJ opening assay. Bioinformatic analysis of the putative MA026 biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of RtIB026 demonstrated that the stereochemistry of each amino acid residue in the revised structure can be reasonably explained. Phylogenetic analysis with xantholysin BGC indicates an exceptionally high homology (ca. 90 %) between xantholysin and MA026. The TJ opening activity of MA026 when binding to claudin‐1 is a key to new avenues for transdermal administration of large hydrophilic biologics.
Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes for Early Endosomes
Authors: Piazzolla Francesca , Mercier Vincent , Assies Lea , Sakai Naomi , Roux Aurelien , Matile Stefan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFluorescent flipper probes have been introduced recently to image membrane tension in live cells, and strategies to target these probes to specific membranes are emerging. In this context, early endosome (EE) targeting without the use of protein engineering is especially appealing because it translates into a fascinating transport problem. Weakly basic probes, commonly used to track the inside of acidic late endosomes and lysosomes, are poorly retained in EE because they are sufficiently neutralized in weakly acidic EE, thus able to diffuse out. Here, we disclose a rational strategy to target EE using a substituted benzylamine with a higher pKa value as a head group of the flipper probe. The resulting EE flippers are validated for preserved mechanosensitivity, ready for use in biology, particularly to elucidate the mechanics of endocytosis.
Sterically‐Locked Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Showing Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Rao Jiancheng , Yang Liuqing , Li Xue , Zhao Lei , Wang Shumeng , Tian Hongkun , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDonor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers often possess a significant frontier molecular orbital overlap because of the conjugation elongation, leading to no thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) caused by a large singlet‐triplet energy splitting (▵EST). Herein a novel steric locking strategy is proposed by incorporating methyl groups into D–A conjugated polymers. Benefitting from the methyl hindrance, the torsion between the donor and acceptor can be well tuned to form a sterically‐locked conformation, so that the unwanted relaxation toward planarity and thus conjugation elongation is prevented to boost hole–electron separation. The resultant D–A conjugated polymer achieves an extremely low ΔEST of 0.09 eV to enable efficient TADF. The corresponding doped and non‐doped devices are fabricated via a solution process, revealing a record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.0 % (79.4 cd A−1, 75.0 lm W−1) and 15.3 % (50.9 cd A−1, 47.3 lm W−1).
Fe/Fe3C Boosts H2O2 Utilization for Methane Conversion Overwhelming O2 Generation
Authors: Xing Yicheng , Yao Zheng , Li Wenyuan , Wu Wenting , Lu Xiaoqing , Tian Jun , Li Zhongtao , Hu Han , Wu Mingbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractH2O2 as a well‐known efficient oxidant is widely used in the chemical industry mainly because of its homolytic cleavage into .OH (stronger oxidant), but this reaction always competes with O2 generation resulting in H2O2 waste. Here, we fabricate heterogeneous Fenton‐type Fe‐based catalysts containing Fe‐Nx sites and Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles as a model to study this competition. Fe‐Nx in the low spin state provides the active site for .OH generation. Fe/Fe3C, in particular Fe3C, promotes Fe‐Nx sites for the homolytic cleavages of H2O2 into .OH, but Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles (Fe0 as the main component) with more electrons are prone to the undesired O2 generation. With a catalyst benefiting from finely tuned active sites, 18 % conversion rate for the selective oxidation of methane was achieved with about 96 % selectivity for liquid oxygenates (formic acid selectivity over 90 %). Importantly, O2 generation was suppressed 68 %. This work provides guidance for the efficient utilization of H2O2 in the chemical industry.
Construction of Heptagon‐Containing Molecular Nanocarbons
Authors: Chaolumen  , Stepek Iain A. , Yamada Keigo E. , Ito Hideto , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular nanocarbons containing heptagonal rings have attracted increasing interest due to their dynamic behavior, electronic properties, aromaticity, and solid‐state packing. Heptagon incorporation can not only induce negative curvature within nanocarbon scaffolds, but also confer significantly altered properties through interaction with adjacent non‐hexagonal rings. Despite the disclosure of several beautiful examples in recent years, synthetic strategies toward heptagon‐embedded molecular nanocarbons remain relatively limited due to the intrinsic challenges of heptagon formation and incorporation into polyarene frameworks. In this Review, recent advances in solution‐mediated and surface‐assisted synthesis of heptagon‐containing molecular nanocarbons, as well as the intriguing properties of these frameworks, will be discussed.
The Folding Landscapes of Human Telomeric RNA and DNA G‐Quadruplexes are Markedly Different
Authors: Müller Diana , Bessi Irene , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigated the folding kinetics of G‐quadruplex (G4) structures by comparing the K+‐induced folding of an RNA G4 derived from the human telomeric repeat‐containing RNA (TERRA25) with a sequence homologous DNA G4 (wtTel25) using CD spectroscopy and real‐time NMR spectroscopy. While DNA G4 folding is biphasic, reveals kinetic partitioning and involves kinetically favoured off‐pathway intermediates, RNA G4 folding is faster and monophasic. The differences in kinetics are correlated to the differences in the folded conformations of RNA vs. DNA G4s, in particular with regard to the conformation around the glycosidic torsion angle χ that uniformly adopts anti conformations for RNA G4s and both, syn and anti conformation for DNA G4s. Modified DNA G4s with 19F bound to C2′ in arabino configuration adopt exclusively anti conformations for χ. These fluoro‐modified DNA (antiTel25) reveal faster folding kinetics and monomorphic conformations similar to RNA G4s, suggesting the correlation between folding kinetics and pathways with differences in χ angle preferences in DNA and RNA, respectively.
Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclobutanones via Nitrogen Insertion: A Concise Route to Chiral γ‐Lactams
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Ong Mike , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Wahl Johannes M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAsymmetric access to γ‐lactams is achieved via a cyclobutanone ring expansion using widely available (1S,2R)‐1‐amino‐2‐indanol for chiral induction. Mechanistic analysis of the key N,O‐ketal rearrangement reveals a Curtin–Hammett scenario, which enables a downstream stereoinduction (up to 88:12 dr) and is corroborated by spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational studies. In combination with an easy deprotection protocol, this operationally simple sequence allows the synthesis of a range of optically pure γ‐lactams, including those bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. In addition, the formal synthesis of drug molecules baclofen, brivaracetam, and pregabalin further demonstrates the synthetic utility and highlights the general applicability of the presented method.
Amino Acid‐Functionalized Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Base–Metal Catalysis
Authors: Newar Rajashree , Akhtar Naved , Antil Neha , Kumar Ajay , Shukla Sakshi , Begum Wahida , Manna Kuntal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report a strategy to develop heterogeneous single‐site enantioselective catalysts based on naturally occurring amino acids and earth‐abundant metals for eco‐friendly asymmetric catalysis. The grafting of amino acids within the pores of a metal‐organic framework (MOF), followed by post‐synthetic metalation with iron precursor, affords highly active and enantioselective (>99 % ee for 10 examples) catalysts for hydrosilylation and hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Impressively, the MOF‐Fe catalyst displayed high turnover numbers of up to 10 000 and was recycled and reused more than 15 times without diminishing the enantioselectivity. MOF‐Fe displayed much higher activity and enantioselectivity than its homogeneous control catalyst, likely due to the formation of robust single‐site catalyst in the MOF through site‐isolation.
COVID‐19 in the Perioperative Setting: Applying a Hierarchy of Controls to Prevent Transmission
Authors: Alvino Rebecca T. , Caughell Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 from a zoonotic virus to a novel human pathogen resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) global pandemic. Health care delivery and infection prevention and control recommendations continue to evolve to protect the safety of health care personnel, patients, and visitors while researchers and policymakers learn more about SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. The perioperative setting is unique in that it exposes clinicians and personnel to increased risks through the invasive nature of surgical care. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Hierarchy of Controls as a model, this article presents risk mitigation strategies for preventing the transmission of COVID‐19 in the perioperative environment. The goals are to identify and eliminate potential exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 when surgery is necessary for patients who are suspected or confirmed to have COVID‐19 or who have an unknown infection status.
Perioperative Nurse Educators: Rapid Response to the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Peneza Daphny , White‐Edwards Karen Y. , Bricker Crystal , Mahabee‐Betts Mary , Wagner V. Doreen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTDuring the initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, hospital leaders limited or halted the scheduling of elective surgical procedures. Perioperative nurse educators participated in a rapid response to develop innovative strategies and use a variety of modalities to provide information and education activities for staff members who were reassigned to different hospital areas. Residency program educators used alternative teaching methods to accommodate the lack of clinical rotations and allow orienting nurses to progress in an OR nurse residency program. Limited access to ORs and social distancing rules prevented nursing students from completing clinical rotations in health care settings, and academic educators developed flexible solutions to meet the students’ needs. Perioperative educators can use guidance from national and international organizations to assist leaders and staff members with managing patient care during the pandemic. This article presents specific information on perioperative nurse educator roles and responses during the pandemic.