bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
poems: R package for simulating species' range dynamics using pattern‐oriented validation
Authors: Fordham Damien A. , Haythorne Sean , Brown Stuart C. , Buettel Jessie C. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) can simulate spatiotemporal changes in species' range dynamics in response to variation in climatic and environmental conditions, and anthropogenic activities. When combined with pattern‐oriented modelling methods, ecological processes and drivers of range shifts and extinctions can be identified, and plausible chains of causality revealed.

The open‐source multi‐platform R package poems provides functionality for simulating and validating projections of species' range dynamics using stochastic, lattice‐based population models. Built‐in modules allow parameter uncertainty to propagate through to model simulations, with their effects on species' range dynamics evaluated using Approximate Bayesian Computation. These validation procedures identify models with the structural complexity and parameterisation needed to simulate the effects of past changes in climate, environment and human activities on species' range shifts and extinction risk.

We illustrate the features and versatility of poems by simulating the historical decline and extinction of the Thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus, an icon of recent extinctions in Australia. We show that poems can reveal likely ecological pathways to extinction using pattern‐oriented methods, providing validated projections of the range collapse and population decline of threatened species.

By providing flexible and extendable modules for building and validating SEPMs of species' range dynamics, poems allows the effects of past and future threats on species' populations to be quantified using well‐parameterised, structurally realistic models, with important generative mechanisms. Since poems can directly unravel ecological processes of species responses to global change, and strengthen predictions of range shifts and extinction risk—within a flexible, R‐based environment—we anticipate that poems will be of significant value to ecologists, conservation managers and biogeographers.
Letter: patients who have both sarcopenia and frailty have similar prognosis to those with either condition separately—authors’ reply
Authors: Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Bunchorntavakul & Reddy and Alexopoulos et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15571 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16564
Letter: is wireless oesophageal pH monitoring the best technique to evaluate night‐time reflux? Authors' reply
Authors: Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , Oude Nijhuis Renske A. B. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Oude Nijhuis et al and Ribolsi & Savarino papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16447 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16573
Changes in the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts in Japan: Has the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts been affected by improved accuracy of prenatal diagnosis?
Authors: Natsume Nagato , Furukawa Hiroo , Niimi Teruyuki , Takeuchi Kazuo , Yoshida Waka , Sakuma Chisato , Imura Hideto , Fujiwara Kumiko , Akashi Junko , Hayami Kayo , Natsume Nagana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have been conducting a survey on the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate, in the Tokai area in central Japan every year for 37 years. Along with the yearly trends in the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts in that area for the past 37 years, we discuss whether the artificial abortion rate of fetuses with orofacial clefts has increased through the improved performance of ultrasonic imaging equipment. We also compare the yearly trends in the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies, including orofacial clefts, in Japan with those in other countries or areas where artificial abortion due to birth defects is legally permitted, and discuss the impact of improved accuracy of ultrasound imaging on the rate of artificial termination of pregnancy. The fact that the birth prevalence of orofacial clefts has basically remained unchanged for more than 30 years, even with recent more detailed prenatal diagnosis based on the improvement of ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, has allowed us tentatively to conclude that prenatal diagnosis is not currently threatening the right to life of the fetuses with orofacial clefts.
Patient selection for LIVE therapy: From clinical indications to multimodality imaging individual case planning
Authors: Neves Paulo , Pillay Thasee , Annest Lon , van Bladel Kevin , Kaiser Erhard , Stahl Fabian , Hanke Thorsten , Swaans Martin , Klein Patrick , Ruf Tobias , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLess Invasive Ventricular Enhancement (LIVE) with Revivent TC is an innovative therapy for symptomatic ischemic heart failure (HF). It is designed to reconstruct a negatively remodeled left ventricle (LV) after an anterior myocardial infarction (MI) by plication of the scar tissue. Its indications are specific, and as with any other structural heart intervention, the success of the procedure starts with appropriate patient selection. We aim to present the indications of the technique, crucial aspects in patient selection, and individual case planning approach.Methods and resultsAfter clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography is the first imaging modality to be performed in a potential candidate for the therapy. However, definitive indication and detailed case planning rely on late gadolinium‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or multiphasic contrast‐enhanced cardiac computed tomography. These imaging modalities also assist with relative or absolute contra‐indications for the procedure. Individual assessment is done to tailor the procedure to the specifics of the LV anatomy and location of the myocardial scar.ConclusionLIVE procedure is a unique intervention to treat symptomatic HF and ischemic cardiomyopathy after anterior MI. It is a highly customizable intervention that allows a patient‐tailored approach, based on multimodality imaging assessment and planification.
Expanding the concept of social behavior to interspecific interactions
Authors: Oliveira Rui F. , Bshary Redouan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn pretty much any species, an individual's survival and reproduction depends crucially on the outcome of interactions with other individuals. Key interactions may take place between individuals of the same species but also between individuals belonging to different species. However, the most accepted definition of social behavior only considers interactions between conspecifics. Here, we argue that the distinction between intra‐ and interspecific interactions is largely artificial and hinders the integration of the historically separately developed concepts. At the ultimate level, given that the ecological landscape of organisms is composed both by interactions with conspecifics and with heterospecifics, and both types of interactions may have evolutionary consequences. Although intraspecific interactions usually have a higher impact in fitness because in most species interactions relevant for reproduction (mating, parenting) exclusively involve conspecifics, and interactions relevant for survival are more probable between conspecifics because they share the same ecological niche, hence competing for the same resources (e.g., food, shelter), there are notable exceptions in both fitness components (e.g., heterospecific mating in parthenogenic all‐female species; heterospecific brood parasitism; heterospecific aggression in sympatric species that compete for shared resources). At the proximate level, behaviors and cognitive decision‐making rules used to interact with other organisms may be shared between intra‐ and interspecific interactions, and the mechanistic differences between conspecific social behaviors used in distinct functional domains, such as mating, aggression, or parenting, can be more expressive than those found within the same functional domain between conspecific and heterospecific behavior. Therefore, there are neither fundamental conceptual (ultimate) reasons, nor key differences in mechanisms underlying behaviors involved in conspecific vs. heterospecific interactions that support the exclusion of interspecific interactions from the conceptual framework of social behavior.
Siblings matter: Family heterogeneity improves associative learning later in life
Authors: Fischer Stefan , Balshine Sigal , Hadolt Michaela C. , Schaedelin Franziska C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the strong interest in connecting social complexity and cognitive ability, there remains considerable debate about how to best quantify both cognitive performance and social complexity. Measuring group and brain size are clearly not sufficient and recent attention has been placed on the use of rigorous, increasingly challenging cognitive tasks and studying the quality, not merely the number of social interactions. Here we used two cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika, one cooperative breeder and one biparental species, in a cross‐fostering experiment, to investigate the links between social complexity and cognition. While controlling for parental cues, individual fish grew up either in a socially homogenous group with only conspecifics or in a mixed and diverse social group with hetero‐ as well as conspecifics and then were tested for learning abilities as subadults. To quantify differences in learning, we first employed a discrimination learning task followed by a reversal learning task that requires behavioral flexibility, as previous associations are forgotten and new associations forged. We found that individuals growing up in a more diverse social environment learned faster and made fewer mistakes in the discrimination learning task, but this ability did not transfer to the reversal learning task. Irrespective of the early social experiences, the cooperatively breeding, and thus the more social of the two cichlid species, learnt the color discrimination more quickly and made significantly fewer errors. These results provide a first demonstration of a possible association between cognitive performance and social complexity in cichlid fishes.
Keeping up with environmental change: The importance of sociality
Authors: Komdeur Jan , Ma Long 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the current era of rapid climate change, populations are facing environments in which food availability can quickly decline or become highly unpredictable. These conditions may require a high degree of flexibility of individuals and populations to adequately respond to such changes. We propose that the evolution of such high flexibility may be facilitated in social animals that form groups and cooperate in important tasks that critically affect survival and reproduction and ultimately affect adaptive capacity. We argue that sociality is likely to be a key, yet largely overlooked factor that shapes rather than limits the potential for phenotypic plasticity. Cooperatively breeding species are most suitable for studying the influence of both the physical and the social environmental conditions on shaping the phenotypic plasticity of individuals. Cooperative breeders display variation in group size and structure, and in the extent of cooperation and competition between their members. In addition, immigrants may impose costs and/or benefits on other group members, as well as on the whole group. In cooperative breeders, we elucidate why and how group formation and interactions between group members can provide adaptive benefits to some or all individuals in the group. Observed adjustments in social behaviour may be strategic and ultimately enhance individual fitness benefits, and thus improve group and population persistence. Future studies should examine how ecology and socialitytogethershape the adjustment of animals to rapid and extreme environmental change. In addition to identifying how changes in physical and social factors impact individual behaviour, group formation and sociality, it is crucial to assess associated costs and benefits by exploring the life histories of all group members. Understanding this requires population models, as they integrate all the critical life‐history phases, and different types of sociality. We are confident that future research into the ecology and social dynamics will reveal new avenues for the adaptive ability of cooperative breeders and other social species.
Through a glass darkly? Divergent reactions of eight Lake Tanganyika cichlid species towards their mirror image in their natural environment
Authors: Josi Dario , Frommen Joachim G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBehavioural reactions towards a mirror image are frequently used to measure individual aggression in a standardized way, especially in fishes. However, this approach was criticized recently on several grounds. One point of concern is that mirror tests are often conducted under highly artificial laboratory settings, while there exists a lack of knowledge of how individuals will react towards their reflection in the wild. We measured the responses of eight sympatric lamprologine cichlid species towards their mirror images in their natural environment in Lake Tanganyika. All species reacted by showing aggression towards their mirror image. The occurrence of overt and restrained aggression varied between species, reflecting species‐specific aggressive behaviours. The finding that larger species showed a higher amount of overt attacks further supports this interpretation. A commonality across all species was that aggression escalated over time, resembling behavioural patterns during prolonged aggressive encounters between life opponents with similar resource holding potential. These results shed light on the behaviour of closely related fish species towards their mirror image under natural conditions and contribute knowledge to the ongoing discussion on the suitability of mirror tests when measuring aggression.
Rock pillars shaped by columnar joints in granite at Mt. Mizugaki, Central Japan
Authors: Chigira Masahiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRock pillars of granite form a special type of characteristic topography in granite, but their origin is not well understood, partly because their 3D morphology has never been well characterized. Rock pillars were investigated at Mt. Mizugaki, which is underlain by Neogene granite that intruded into the Cretaceous accretionary complex in central Japan. Three rock pillars and their surrounding areas were investigated in detail using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and structure from motion (SfM). The rock pillars were up to 70 m high and were shaped by columnar joints, which has hardly been reported before in granitic rocks. Columnar joints in granite are much larger than columnar joints in volcanic rocks. The columnar joints curved vertically, and some of them showed dipyramid shapes. The large size and curved morphology of the columnar joints may be the result of the slow cooling of the granite, compared to that of volcanic rocks. Thus, the columnar joints at Mt. Mizugaki made large, high rock pillars, which are not common in volcanic rocks.
Beliefs and behaviours of students in health‐related faculties regarding testicular self‐examination
Authors: Karazeybek Ebru , Özdemir Cafer , Temür Büşra Nur , Aksoy Nilgün 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat are the beliefs and behaviours of men students attending health‐related faculties at a university regarding testicular self‐examination? This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the approaches of men students attending health‐related faculties at a university towards testicular self‐examination, determining their levels of awareness of testicular self‐examination and contributing to early diagnosis of testicular tumours. Testicular cancer is a disease that can result in death if not diagnosed early, but high treatment success rates can be achieved if diagnosed early. Lack of knowledge related to the risks created by testicular cancer and to testicular self‐examination, which is very important for early diagnosis in young men, is revealed to be among the reasons for delay in diagnosis and treatment. The study was conducted between September and November 2019 in health‐related faculties of a state university in southern Turkey. The study universe consisted of a total of 370 men students studying in fourth grade in health‐related faculties nursing, medicine and dentistry. A ‘Descriptive Characteristics Form’ and ‘Champion's Health Belief Model Scale’ were used as data collection tools. Percentage, Levene's test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi‐square and eta squared were used to evaluate the data. While 59.6% of students in the nursing faculty stated that they had previously received information related to testicular self‐examination, 72% of students in the medical faculty and 67.7% of students in the dentistry faculty stated that they had not previously received information about this issue. Among students in the nursing faculty who had received information, it was determined that 75.0% had learnt about it in lessons and that 45.9% had performed testicular self‐examination. Regarding the arithmetic means of the sub‐dimension scores of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale according to faculty attended, there was a significant difference in the benefits (F(2,168) = 4.915; p = 0.08), barriers (F(2,168) = 4.831; p = 0.09) and self‐efficacy/confident (F(2,168) = 5.816; p = 0.04) sub‐dimensions. The study revealed that testicular self‐examination implementation rates and attitudes towards testicular self‐examination among university students studying at health‐related faculties were low.
Assessment and management of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Cochrane Tara , Campbell Belinda A. , Gangatharan Shane A. , Latimer Maya , Khor Richard , Christie David R. H. , Gilbertson Michael , Ratnasingam Sumita , Palfreyman Emma , Lee Hui‐Peng , Trotman Judith , Hertzberg Mark , Dickinson Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has undergone significant changes in recent years. Due to the predilection of HL to affect younger patients, balancing cure and treatment‐related morbidity is a constant source of concern for physicians and patients alike. Positron emission tomography adapted therapy has been developed for both early and advanced stage HL to try and improve the outcome of treatment, while minimising toxicities. The aim of this review is to digest the plethora of studies recently conducted and provide some clear, evidence‐based practice statements to simplify the management of HL.
The agents of justice
Authors: Hickey Colin , Meijers Tim , Robeyns Ingrid , Timmer Dick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe complexities of how justice comes to be realized, and by which agents, is a relatively neglected element in contemporary theories of justice. This has left several crucial questions about agency and justice undertheorized, such as why some particular agents are responsible for realizing justice, how their contribution towards realizing justice should be understood, and what role agents such as activists and community leaders play in realizing justice. We aim to contribute towards a better understanding of the landscape of these kinds of questions. First, we argue that theorists should distinguish between (i) agents who are responsible for realizing justice, but not committed to it, (ii) agents who are not responsible for realizing justice, but who are committed to it, and (iii) agents who are both responsible for and committed to realizing justice. Second, we discuss how to incorporate agents of justice more robustly into theorizing about justice.
An autopsy case study of lymphocytic hypophysitis induced by nivolumab treatment for esophageal malignant melanoma
Authors: Okabe Naota , Kobayashi Takaaki , Furuse Junji , Fujiwara Masachika , Kamma Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 and anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies are effective against malignant tumors. However, they induce unique adverse events known as immune‐related adverse events. Hypophysitis is one of the most frequent immune‐related adverse events of anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 therapies. However, there have been few reports describing the pathological findings of hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies. The present case is the first autopsy case of hypophysitis induced by nivolumab monotherapy, an anti‐programmed death‐1 antibody. Pathologically, lymphocytes infiltrated the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the number of pituitary cells, especially adrenocorticotropic hormone‐positive cells, decreased. However, necrosis and remarkable fibrosis were not observed. Immunohistologically, some pituitary cells expressed programmed death‐ligand 1. Lymphocytes were predominantly CD8‐positive T cells, and CD68‐positive macrophages and CD20‐positive B‐cells were also observed. IgG and C4d were deposited on pituitary cells, but IgG4 (a subclass of nivolumab) was not detected. These findings indicate that type IVc and type II hypersensitivity mechanisms may occur in hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies and that the inflammatory mechanisms underlying hypophysitis induced by anti‐programmed death‐1 and anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 antibodies are different.
A review of White‐centering practices in multiracial research in social psychology
Authors: Garay Maria M. , Remedios Jessica D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultiracial people—those whose racial ancestry is comprised of two or more races—have always had a presence in the United States. However, since the recent US Census shift to allow people to identify with multiple racial groups, social psychologists have shown increased interest in multiracial identity. However, we argue multiracial research tends to emphasize the perceptions, thoughts, and interests of White people through White‐centering research practices, which reproduces racial inequality. To understand how multiracial research within social psychology has been shaped by White‐centering research practices, we reviewed literature in social psychology examining multiraciality. We show that White‐centering practices exist within this literature and explore how White‐centering research practices lead to misrepresentations of the conclusions that may be drawn from multiracial research, underscoring how these conclusions affirm racial power or Whiteness. We suggest Critical Race Psychology as a possible framework to help dismantle the affirmation of Whiteness in multiracial research.