bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEK domain‐containing proteins control flowering time in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zong Wei , Zhao Bo , Xi Yanpeng , Bordiya Yogendra , Mun Hyungwon , Cerda Nicholas A. , Kim Dong‐Hwan , Sung Sibum 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Evolutionarily conserved DEK domain‐containing proteins have been implicated in multiple chromatin‐related processes, mRNA splicing and transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes.

Here, we show that two DEK proteins, DEK3 and DEK4, control the floral transition in Arabidopsis. DEK3 and DEK4 directly associate with chromatin of related flowering repressors, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), and its two homologs, MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING4 (MAF4) and MAF5, to promote their expression.

The binding of DEK3 and DEK4 to a histone octamer in vivo affects histone modifications at FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 loci. In addition, DEK3 and DEK4 interact with RNA polymerase II and promote the association of RNA polymerase II with FLC, MAF4 and MAF5 chromatin to promote their expression.

Our results show that DEK3 and DEK4 directly interact with chromatin to facilitate the transcription of key flowering repressors and thus prevent precocious flowering in Arabidopsis.
Mechanobiology of cell division in plant growth
Authors: Robinson Sarah 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCell division in plants is particularly important as cells cannot rearrange. It therefore determines the arrangement of cells (topology) and their size and shape (geometry). Cell division reduces mechanical stress locally by producing smaller cells and alters mechanical properties by reinforcing the mechanical wall network, both of which can alter overall tissue morphology. Division orientation is often regarded as following geometric rules, however recent work has suggested that divisions align with the direction of maximal tensile stress. Mechanical stress has already been shown to feed into many processes of development including those that alter mechanical properties. Such an alignment may enable cell division to selectively reinforce the cell wall network in the direction of maximal tensile stress. Therefore there exists potential feedback between cell division, mechanical stress and growth. Improving our understanding of this topic will help to shed light on the debated role of cell division in organ scale growth.
Carrot mottle virus ORF4 movement protein targets plasmodesmata by interacting with the host cell SUMOylation system
Authors: Jiang Jun , Kuo Yen‐Wen , Salem Nidà , Erickson Anna , Falk Bryce W. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Plant virus movement proteins (MPs) facilitate virus spread in their plant hosts, and some of them are known to target plasmodesmata (PD). However, how the MPs target PD is still largely unknown.

Carrot mottle virus (CMoV) encodes the ORF3 and ORF4 proteins, which are involved in CMoV movement. In this study, we used CMoV as a model to study the PD targeting of a plant virus MP.

We showed that the CMoV ORF4 protein, but not the ORF3 protein, modified PD and led to the virus movement. We found that the CMoV ORF4 protein interacts with the host cell small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) 1, 2 and the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme SCE1, resulting in the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. Downregulation of mRNAs for NbSCE1 and NbSUMO impaired CMoV infection. The SUMO‐interacting motifs (SIMs) LVIVF, VIWV, and a lysine residue at position 78 (K78) are required for the ORF4 protein SUMOylation. The mutation of these motifs prevented the protein to efficiently target PD, and further slowed or completely abolished CMoV systemic movement.

Finally, we found that some of these motifs are highly conserved among umbraviruses. Our data suggest that the CMoV ORF4 protein targets PD by interacting with the host cell SUMOylation system.
ABI5 acts downstream of miR159 to delay vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Changkui , Jiang Youqi , Shi Min , Wu Xi , Wu Gang 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Vegetative development constitutes a critical phase in plant development, and it is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved miR156‐SPL pathway. Previous studies have shown that miR159 acts to prevent the hyperactivation of miR156 to regulate the timing of vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis.

However, whether miR159 integrates into the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway to control vegetative phase change remains unexplored, since miR159 also plays an important regulatory role in ABA response.

Here, we show that the expression of ABI5 (ABA INSENSITIVE5), a crucial regulator in the ABA signaling pathway, is significantly elevated in the loss‐of‐function mutant of miR159 (mir159ab). Loss of function in ABI5 (abi5) promotes juvenile‐to‐adult transition, whereas overexpression of ABI5 delays this transition under short‐day conditions. Genetic analyses indicated that the effect of mir159ab on vegetative phase change is ABI5 dependent. Further analysis confirmed that MYB33, a major target of miR159, promotes the transcription of ABI5 by directly binding to its promoter. ABI5 functions upstream of miR156 to promote juvenile development by affecting the expression of genes in the miR156‐SPL pathway.

Therefore, our study uncovers a new role of ABI5 in vegetative development in plants, and implies a role of ABA signaling in vegetative development in Arabidopsis.
Development and Description of a New Multifidus‐Sparing Radiofrequency Neurotomy Technique for Facet Joint Pain
Authors: Russo Marc A. , Santarelli Danielle M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe technique of radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) of the facet joints has been used for decades to treat persistent low back pain to good effect in carefully selected patients. Traditionally, the target is the medial branches of the dorsal root supplying the facet joint. An alternative denervation target is the facet joint capsule. Capsule‐targeting techniques may spare the multifidus muscle, a possible unintended target of traditional RFN that is thought to be important in recovering from low back pain, and have shown promising results.MethodsA modified RFN technique that targets the capsule and spares the multifidus (multifidus‐sparing RFN) is described here, along with a brief report of its application in patients with symptomatic facet joint low back pain as compared to traditional medial branch RFN (MBRF).ResultsOver a 2‐year period, a total of 401 initial multifidus‐sparing RFN and 94 initial MBRF procedures were performed on patients attending a multidisciplinary pain clinic. The proportion of repeat procedures was similar: 28.4% of multifidus‐sparing procedures and 23.4% of MBRF procedures. The median repeat interval was 12 months for both groups and interquartile range was 10 months (8–18 months) for multifidus‐sparing RFN and 4 months (11–15 months) for MBRF. Effectiveness and safety profiles appear to be similar, although limited, retrospective outcome information prevented robust analysis.ConclusionMultifidus‐sparing RFN represents an intriguing technique to denervate the facet joint pain generator while maintaining normal multifidus function. Further study is warranted, particularly in order to identify the appropriate patient criteria and long‐term outcomes.
Skills‐homework completion and phone coaching as predictors of therapeutic change and outcomes in completers of a DBT intensive outpatient programme
Authors: Edwards Emily R. , Kober Hedy , Rinne Gabrielle R. , Griffin Sarah A. , Axelrod Seth , Cooney Emily B. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesDialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) emphasizes generalization of skills to the patient’s real‐world context as a primary mechanism of change in treatment. To promote generalization, DBT includes weekly skills‐focused homework assignments and as‐needed phone coaching. Despite this central function of generalization in DBT, research on these treatment components is limited. The current study addresses this research gap by assessing the association of homework and phone coaching to DBT treatment outcomes.DesignA longitudinal study design explored the extent to which (a) completion of skills homework and (b) frequency of phone coaching were associated with therapeutic changes and treatment outcomes in a DBT intensive outpatient programme (DBT‐IOP).MethodMedical records and diary cards of 56 patients who had completed a four‐month treatment cycle of DBT‐IOP were reviewed and coded for proportion of skills homework completed, frequency of phone coaching calls, and reported urges for and engagement in suicide, non‐suicidal self‐injury, illicit or non‐prescribed substance use, and alcohol use behaviours.ResultsCompletion of skills homework and frequency of phone coaching were significantly associated with (a) reduced urges for suicide, non‐suicidal self‐injury, illicit or non‐prescribed substance use, and alcohol use from the beginning to end of treatment and (b) a lower likelihood of engaging in any of these behaviours during the final month of treatment.ConclusionsResults suggest that within a DBT programme modified for an intensive outpatient setting, skills homework and phone coaching may enhance therapeutic change and outcomes in target behaviours. These generalization methods appear to be important ingredients of DBT effectiveness.Practitioner points

In dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), therapeutic skills homework and phone coaching are specifically designed to promote generalization of skills from the therapeutic context to the patient’s real‐world contexts.
In a DBT intensive outpatient programme, patient engagement with therapeutic homework and phone coaching were associated with favourable therapeutic change and outcomes in target urges and behaviours.
Clinicians may consider a patient’s lack of homework completion and/or phone coaching to be early warning signs of poor therapeutic progress within dialectical behaviour therapy.
Host range dynamics at different scales: host use by a hemiparasite across its geographic distribution
Authors: Atencio N. O. , Vidal‐Russell R. , Chacoff N. , Amico G. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The complexity of natural communities is the result of interactions among species that coexist within them. Parasitic interactions are among the most common species interaction types, and analysis of parasite–host ranges can advance understanding of how host–parasite pairs structure community interactions across their geographic distributions.

Using network analysis and host preference relative index, we analysed host use by the South American mistletoe, Tristerix corymbosus (Loranthaceae), in 22 localities among two biomes: Chilean matorral and temperate forest.

The total number of host species recorded was 27, and 40% of these species were non‐native. The non‐native Populus sp. was shared between biomes. There was a positive relationship between host range and potential host species richness at the studied localities. On average, the mistletoe parasitized each host species relative to its abundance. However, some host species in some localities are more parasitized than expected. Network structure showed a differences in host use between the two biomes: Aristotelia chilensis was central in the temperate forest, with Populus sp. in the Chilean matorral. Host use intensity in the Chilean matorral was higher for non‐native species.

Tristerix corymbosus has a wide host range and could be considered a generalist parasite across its full geographic distribution, but at local scales, host preferences differed among localities and are related to host coverage. Alterations in community composition, due to natural events or human activities, can modify the availability of possible hosts. Hence, the mistletoe with the described characteristics may be able to change its infection preference while maintaining the interaction functionality.
Standardized measurement error: A universal metric of data quality for averaged event‐related potentials
Authors: Luck Steven J. , Stewart Andrew X. , Simmons Aaron Matthew , Rhemtulla Mijke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) can be very noisy, and yet, there is no widely accepted metric of ERP data quality. Here, we propose a universal measure of data quality for ERP research—the standardized measurement error (SME)—which is a special case of the standard error of measurement. Whereas some existing metrics provide a generic quantification of the noise level, the SME quantifies the data quality (precision) for the specific amplitude or latency value being measured in a given study (e.g., the peak latency of the P3 wave). It can be applied to virtually any value that is derived from averaged ERP waveforms, making it a universal measure of data quality. In addition, the SME quantifies the data quality for each individual participant, making it possible to identify participants with low‐quality data and “bad” channels. When appropriately aggregated across individuals, SME values can be used to quantify the combined impact of the single‐trial EEG noise and the number of trials being averaged together on the effect size and statistical power in a given experiment. If SME values were regularly included in published articles, researchers could identify the recording and analysis procedures that produce the highest data quality, which could ultimately lead to increased effect sizes and greater replicability across the field.
The Impact of Subjective Social Position on Public Evaluations of Police
Authors: Martinez‐Ebers Valerie , Branton Regina , Calfano Brian 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWe examine factors that explain differences in assessment of police performance among whites, African Americans, Asians, and Latinos, and utilize a subjective social position framework to better understand variation in poor police evaluations. The framework combines previously disparate explanations in the literature.MethodLogit models assess 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post‐Election Survey data augmented by Census, FBI crime statistics, and Mapping Police Violence Project data to assess respondents’ police performance evaluations.ResultsFeelings of marginalization, negative perceptions of local context, and involuntary contact with police are more important for predicting poor evaluations of police than objective contextual conditions, including police‐initiated violence.ConclusionDespite variation across racial and ethnic groups, the subjective social position of individuals goes a long way in explaining individuals’ evaluation of police performance. However, African Americans are clearly more critical of law enforcement than other minorities, with at least some of this disparity explained by differences in subjective social position.
A Plasmopara viticola RXLR effector targets a chloroplast protein PsbP to inhibit ROS production in grapevine
Authors: Liu Ruiqi , Chen Tingting , Yin Xiao , Xiang Gaoqing , Peng Jing , Fu Qingqing , Li Mengyuan , Shang Boxing , Ma Hui , Liu Guotian , Wang Yuejin , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYPathogens secrete a large number of effectors that manipulate host processes to create an environment conducive to pathogen colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Plasmopara viticola effectors manipulate host plant cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we reported that RXLR31154, a P. viticola RXLR effector, was highly expressed during the early stages of P. viticola infection. In our study, stable expression of RXLR31154 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and Nicotiana benthamiana promoted leaf colonization by P. viticola and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. By yeast two‐hybrid screening, the 23‐kDa oxygen‐evolving enhancer 2 (VpOEE2 or VpPsbP), encoded by the PsbP gene, in Vitis piasezkii accession Liuba‐8 was identified as a host target of RXLR31154. Overexpression of VpPsbP enhanced susceptibility to P. viticola in grapevine and P. capsici in N. benthamiana, and silencing of NbPsbPs, the homologs of PsbP in N. benthamiana, reduced P. capcisi colonization, indicating that PsbP is a susceptibility factor. RXLR31154 and VpPsbP protein were co‐localized in the chloroplast. Moreover, VpPsbP reduced H2O2 accumulation and activated the 1O2 signaling pathway in grapevine. RXLR31154 could stabilize PsbP. Together, our data revealed that RXLR31154 reduces H2O2 accumulation and activates the 1O2 signaling pathway through stabilizing PsbP, thereby promoting disease.
Outcome, prognostic factors and histological characterization of canine gastrointestinal sarcomas
Authors: del Alcazar Chelsea M. , Mahoney Jennifer A. , Dittrich Katherine , Stefanovski Darko , Church Molly E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCanine gastrointestinal sarcomas, a group of tumours that includes leiomyosarcomas (LMSAs), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and other rarer sarcomas, comprise about 10–30% of all gastrointestinal tumours. This study aims to characterize the histologic characteristics and clinical behaviour in order to identify prognostic factors predictive of outcome. A single institution database search for surgically treated gastrointestinal sarcomas yielded 47 cases with adequate tissue remaining for histologic analysis and 42 cases available for analysis of clinical outcome. Tumours were then prospectively evaluated for mitotic count, necrosis, haemorrhage and inflammation, as well as categorized via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for smooth muscle actin, c‐KIT and DOG‐1. IHC analysis defined 32 tumours as GISTs, 14 as LMSAs and one as a sarcoma not otherwise specified. For both GISTs and LMSAs, the overall median survival time (MST) is 1024 days (range 31–1456), which did not differ statistically between tumour types (p = .92). The overall metastatic rate of GISTs in this study was 32.1% (n = 9) which was not significantly different to that of LMSAs at 15.3% (n = 2,p = .45). In multivariate analysis, mitotic count under 9 in GIST patients and complete surgical excision in all tumour types correlated with improved MST. For patients with GISTs, the intensity of c‐KIT staining also correlated positively with survival, with an MST of 250 days in cases with weak staining and an MST of 1418 days in cases with moderate or strong c‐KIT staining (p = .005).
Characteristics of US military personnel with atrial fibrillation and associated deployment and retention rates
Authors: Keithler Andrea Nichole , Wilson A S , Yuan A , Sosa J M , Bush K 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia impacting military occupational performances. Despite being a recognised disqualifying condition, there is no literature describing US military service members with AF. This study aims to describe members with AF diagnoses, the distribution of treatment strategies and associated deployment and retention rates.MethodsActive duty service members identified with AF from 2004 to 2019 were investigated. Cardiovascular profiles, AF management strategies and military dispositions were assessed by electronic medical record review.Results386 service members (mean age 35.0±9.4 years; 94% paroxysmal AF) with AF diagnoses were identified. 91 (24%) had hypertension followed by 75 (19%) with sleep apnoea. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores were low (0.39±0.65). Rhythm treatments were used in 173 (45%) followed by rate control strategies in 155 (40%). 161 (42%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). In subgroup analysis of 365 personnel, 147 (40%) deployed and 248 (68%) remained active duty after AF diagnosis. Deployment and retention rates did not differ between those who received no medical therapy, rate control or rhythm strategies (p=0.9039 and p=0.6192, respectively). PVI did not significantly impact deployment or retention rates (p=0.3903 and p=0.0929, respectively).ConclusionService members with AF are young with few AF risk factors. Rate and rhythm medical therapies were used evenly. Over two-thirds met retention standards and 40% deployed after diagnosis. There were no differences in deployment or retention between groups who receive rate therapy, rhythm medical therapy or PVI. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of specific AF therapies on AF burden and symptomatology in service members is needed.
Clinical and cost evaluation of intensive support team (IST) models for adults with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour: a comparative cohort study protocol
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Kouroupa Athanasia , Jones Rebecca , Morant Nicola , Courtenay Ken , Hall Ian , Crossey Vicky , Romeo Renee , Taggart Laurence , Langdon Peter , Ratti Victoria , Kirchner Vincent , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionApproximately 17% of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in the community display behaviours that challenge. Intensive support teams (ISTs) have been recommended to provide high-quality responsive care aimed at avoiding unnecessary admissions and reducing lengthy inpatient stays in England. We have identified two models of ISTs (model 1: enhanced provision and model 2: independent provision). This study aims to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the two models of ISTs.Methods and analysisA cohort of 226 adults with ID displaying behaviour that challenges who receive support from ISTs from each model will be recruited and assessed at baseline and 9 months later to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness between models. The primary outcome is reduction in challenging behaviour measured by the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Community (ABC-C). The mean difference in change in ABC score between the two IST models will be estimated from a multilevel linear regression model. Secondary outcomes include mental health status, clinical risk, quality of life, health-related quality of life, level of functioning and service use. We will undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis taking both a health and social care and wider societal perspective. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with multiple stakeholders (ie, service users, paid/family carers, IST managers/staff) to investigate the experience of IST care as well as an online survey of referrers to capture their contact with the teams.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the London–Bromley Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 18/LO/0890). Informed consent will be obtained from the person with ID, or a family/nominated consultee for those lacking capacity and from his/her caregivers. The findings of the study will be disseminated to academic audiences, professionals, experts by experience and arm’s-length bodies and policymakers via publications, seminars and digital platforms.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03586375).