bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desensitization of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase in Renal Cortex during Endotoxemia in Mice
Authors: KNOTEK MLADEN , ESSON MATTHEW , GENGARO PATRICIA , EDELSTEIN CHARLES L. , SCHRIER ROBERT W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Acute endotoxemic renal failure involves renal vasoconstriction, which presumably occurs despite increased nitric oxide (NO) generation by inducible NO synthase in the kidney. The present study examined the hypothesis that the renal vasoconstriction during endotoxemia occurs in part because of desensitization of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Endotoxic shock was induced in male B6/129F2/J mice by an intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The endotoxemia resulted in shock and renal failure as evidenced by a decrease in mean arterial pressure and an increase in serum creatinine and urea nitrogen. Serum NO increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching the highest levels at 24 h, in parallel with induction of inducible NO synthase protein in the renal cortex. In renal cortical slices obtained from endotoxemic mice, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) increased significantly at 6 h and 15 h as compared with control but normalized at 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide. Incubation of renal cortical slices in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxantine did not alter the pattern of changes in cGMP. Incubation of renal cortical slices with 2 mM sodium nitroprusside resulted in a similar accumulation of cGMP in slices taken from control and endotoxemic mice at 6 h and 15 h. However, in slices from 24-h endotoxemic mice, accumulation of cGMP in response to sodium nitroprusside was significantly lower. This lower stimulability of sGC was not paralleled by a decrease in its abundance in renal cortex on immunoblot. Taken together, these results demonstrate a desensitization of sGC in renal cortex during endotoxemia, which may contribute to the associated renal vasoconstriction.
Vitamin E Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by Intravenous Iron in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: ROOB JOHANNES M. , KHOSCHSORUR GHOLAMALI , TIRAN ANDREAS , HORINA JÖRG H. , HOLZER HERWIG , WINKLHOFER-ROOB BRIGITTE M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Intravenous iron application to anemic patients on hemodialysis leads to an “oversaturation” of transferrin. As a result, non-transferrin-bound, redox-active iron might induce lipid peroxidation. To test the hypothesis that vitamin E attenuates lipid peroxidation in patients receiving 100 mg of iron(II) hydroxide sucrose complex intravenously during a hemodialysis session, 22 patients were investigated in a randomized cross-over design, either with or without a single oral dose of 1200 IU of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate taken 6 h before the hemodialysis session. Blood was drawn before and 30, 60, 90, 135, and 180 min after the start of the iron infusion, and areas under the curve (AUC0-180 min) of ratios of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) to cholesterol and plasma total peroxides to cholesterol (two markers of lipid peroxidation) were determined as the outcome variables. At baseline of the session without vitamin E supplementation, plasma α-tocopherol concentrations (27.6 ± 1.8 μmol/L) and ratios of α-tocopherol to cholesterol (5.88 ± 1.09 mmol/mol) were normal, plasma MDA concentrations were above normal (1.20 ± 0.28 μmol/L), and bleomycin-detectable iron (BDI), indicating the presence of redox-active iron, was not detectable. Upon iron infusion, BDI and MDA concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001). BDI concentrations explained the increase over baseline in MDA concentrations (MDA = 1.29 + 0.075 × BDI). Vitamin E supplementation, leading to a 68% increase in plasma α-tocopherol concentrations, significantly reduced the AUC0-180 min of MDA to cholesterol (P = 0.004) and peroxides to cholesterol (P = 0.002). These data demonstrate that a single oral dose of vitamin E attenuates lipid peroxidation in patients on hemodialysis receiving intravenous iron. Given that intravenous iron is applied repeatedly to patients on hemodialysis, this therapeutic approach may protect against oxidative stress-related degenerative disease in the long term.
Lightning Deaths: A Retrospective Study Of Ten Years’ Period (2007-2017)
Authors: Ketenci Hüseyin Çetin , Altınok Mehmet , Çakır Emel , Aydoğdu Halil ilhan , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Lightning is a major reason of weather-related deaths and injuries. The risk of being struck by lightning is higher in those who work outdoors.
Methods: A retrospective study of 19 lightning-related deaths that obtained from the archives of ... were evaluated between 2007-2017. Information on demographics, circumstances, presence of the other injured or dead creatures at the scene, witness statements, information sent by judicial authorities about place of the event, external examination of autopsy, presence of visceral organ damage, and histopathological - toxicological findings were collected and analyzed.
Results: The age range of the cases was between 8-75 years and 15 of them are males. 9 of the cases were shepherd. The number of the cases peaks in June with 9 cases. 17 of the decedents were found in outdoor spaces. On the external examinations of 8 cases (42%) had Lichtenberg figure. The electrical entrance regions were head and neck in 10 cases (53%). Bleeding, contusions and lacerations, especially in the lungs and brain, were considered to be due to the blast effect of the lightning. Subepidermal blistering, elongation of the epidermis and dermis cell, intraepidermal vesicles and collagen denaturation were found during histopathological examinations.
Conclusions: Lightning is an airborne event that can cause death in outdoor environments. Lichtenberg figure, macroscopic bleeding in the lungs and brain, and subepidermal blisters in histopathology may be found during forensic examinations. Awareness trainings should be provided for the risks of lightning strikes in the society.
Pengambilan Keputusan Investasi Rasional: Suatu Tinjauan dari Dampak Perilaku Representativeness Bias dan Hearding Effect
Authors: Vitmiasih Vitmiasih , Maharani Satia Nur , Narullia Dwi 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of representation bias and herding behavior towards rational investment decision making, which was detected using the Heuristic Theory perspective on the Investor Saham Pemula (ISP) community in East Java. This research uses a mixed-method by using a sequential explanatory strategy. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing online questionnaires in 10 cities in East Java and interviews with expert practitioners. The sample of this research is 111 active investors who trade independently. In relation, the data analysis was through multiple linear regression. This research succeeded in proving that representative bias behavior has a negative influence on decision-making on rational investment. On the other hand, no evidence showed the effect of herding behavior influencing investment decision making. The phenomenon indicates that investors rely more on information obtained through the results of their own reason rather than following the decisions of other investors.Keywords: Representativeness Bias, Herding-Effect Behavior, Heuristic Theory AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh representativeness bias dan herding behavior terhadap pengambilan keputusan investasi yang rasional yang dideteksi dengan menggunakan perspektif Teori Heuristik pada komunitas Investor Saham Pemula (ISP) di Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dilengkapi dengan strategi penjelas berurutan. Studi penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online di 10 kota di Jawa Timur dan wawancara dengan praktisi ahli. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 111 investor aktif yang berdagang secara mandiri. Dalam kaitannya, analisis data dilakukan melalui regresi linier ganda. Penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa perilaku representativeness bias berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengambilan keputusan atas investasi rasional. Di sisi lain, tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan pengaruh herding behavior mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan investasi. Fenomena tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa investor lebih mengandalkan informasi yang diperoleh melalui hasil nalar pribadi dibandingkan mengikuti keputusan investor lain.Kata Kunci: Representativeness Bias, Perilaku Herding-Effect, Teori Heuristic
A histopathological evaluation of gall bladder cancer with special reference to HER2/neu and E-cadherin in Southern part of Assam
Authors: Choudhury Madhusmita , Choudhury Gargi Roy , Deka Monoj K. , Sheikh Shah A. 
Published: April 2021

Background/Objective: Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality and aggressive course, with palliation as the only available option. The signs and symptoms of gall bladder arcinoma are not specific and often present late. Diagnosis is, therefore, often made at advanced stage with poorer outcomes. Identifying biomarkers and cancer specific cellular targets, that will pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches and early diagnosis for gall bladder carcinoma, is urgently needed. Proto-oncogenes (HER-2) and E-Cadherin are commonly deregulated in gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study evaluates the prognostic significance of HER-2 and E-Cadherin in GBC patients in Silchar Medical College.Our main objective was to evaluate frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression in GBC and to seek its correlation, if any with conventional clinicopathological parameters and survival.Methods: A total of 168 cases were received and evaluated for Gall Bladder cancer and control specimens were prospectively collected from 2018-2020. Immunohistochemical staining was done using monoclonal antibodies to semiquantitatively evaluate HER-2 and E-Cadherin protein expression. The criterion for HER-2 and E-Cadherin positivity was set at 10% and >5% tumor cells showing complete, membranous staining. Clinicopathological correlations were drawn with major clinical outcomes. Results: It was observed that out of 168 cases the male to female ratio is 1:5 with highest number of cases in the age group of 50-59 , i.e., 70 cases with 41.7%. The most common location in this study was fundus with 69% of cases (116 out 0f 168), most commonly presented as biliary colic with 56 number of cases. Grading was also done in 168 cases where most number of cases were moderately differentiated with 86 number of cases with a percentage of 51%. Expression of Her2Neu and E-Cadherin was evaluated where highest number of cases were seen with 1+ score in the IHC expressions of both the markers with 81 and 61 number of cases respectively. Conclusion: The increasing global incidence, late presentation leading to poor prognosis and lack of effective therapy make the management of gall bladderv carcinoma really challenging. Our study shows the abnormal expression of HER-2 and E-Cadherin expression in gall bladder carcinoma patients in Southern Assam and suggests that these two markers can be used for potential tool for early detection of gall bladder carcinoma and also can be used for targeted therapy in gall bladder carcinoma.
Study of clinical and etiological profile of hypertensive emergencies in children admitted in pediatric emergency department
Authors: Kotapuri Sumathi , Putta Mahendranath , Chitgupikar Sudharshanraj 
Published: April 2021

Background: Hypertension (HTN) in children, all though an uncommon entity is associated with end-organ damage. With increasing prevalence of hypertension and obesity in children; hypertensive emergencies are also increasing over recent years and screening is must. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence of hypertensive emergencies, the clinical presentation and etiological diagnosis at different age groups and to access the real burden of primary hypertension in causing hypertensive emergencies in children.Methods: This study was a prospective, descriptive, analytical cohort study done on children attending the emergency department of pediatrics, government general hospital, a tertiary referral pediatric center attached to Kurnool medical college, Kurnool, over a period of 18 months i.e., from january2016 to June 2017. Data was collected in a pre-determined proforma after institutional ethical committee clearance and appropriate informed concerned.Results: Among 98 children with hypertension; 30 had hypertensive emergency. Incidence was 0.3%. Intrinsic renal and renal vascular causes were the commonest. Headache, dizziness and vomiting were the comment presentation. Half of them had encephalopathy. Younger children had more of secondary HTN and in children (older than 7 years) primary hypertension increased as did family history of hypertension.Conclusions: With increasing primary hypertension among older children, hypertensive emergencies are increasing. As most of the children with HTN are asymptomatic; detection of target organ damage is vital.
Fetal and neonatal outcomes in early onset versus late onset pre-eclampsia-a comparative study
Authors: R. Vikram 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pre-eclampsia is typed as two different entities: early-onset preeclampsia occurring at less than 34 weeks of gestation, and late-onset occurring at 34 or more weeks of gestation. The aim of this study is to compare the fetal and neonatal outcomes in early versus late onset preeclampsia.Methods: 208 patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia in Shri Sathya Sai medical college and research institute over a period of three years (From January 2016 to January 2019) were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified as early onset and late onset pre-eclampsia based on the gestational age of onset. Data on fetal and neonatal outcomes were collected and analysed using Chi square and Fisher’s test and compared.Results: Early onset and late onset pre-eclampsia were 34.6% and 65.3%. The incidence of oligohydramnios, SGA, low APGAR at 5 minutes of birth were high in early onset type. 64.9% of early onset type required NICU admission whereas only 38.23% new born of mothers with late onset type required NICU admissions.10.8% of babies of patients with early onset type were still born. The incidence of NICU admissions, requirement of respiratory support, duration of NICU stay were significantly high in early onset type.Conclusions: Patients with early onset pre-eclampsia are found to have higher rates of specific fetal and neonatal morbidity when compared to the late onset type. Prudent and close scrutinizing and follow up and delaying delivery in stable and appropriately selected patients with pre-eclampsia would be advantageous for neonates.
A chronic granulomatous disease masked by tuberculosis in a 2-year, 2-month old child: a case report
Authors: Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Jondhale Sunil Nath , Goel Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Chronic granulomatous disorder is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder with phagocytic defect resulting in recurrent bacterial infections. Here we report a 2-year 2-month old male child, who presented with recurrent lymphadenitis and recurrent pneumonia since early infancy. In recent episode he presented with right cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of lymph node revealed confluent necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas and occasional giant cells but without evidence of tuberculosis and atypical organisms. His dihydrorhodamine 1,2,3 assay (DHR) was positive. Later he responded to prolonged parenteral antibiotics and discharged on itraconazole and trimethoprim-sulhamethaxazole prophylaxis. Here we are going to report a rare case of chronic granulomatous disease whose diagnosis was masked by tuberculosis
COVID-19 risk behaviors in humanitarian settings: a cross-sectional study among conflict refugees in Uganda
Authors: Lawoko Stephen , Seruwagi Gloria , Muhangi Denis , Ochen Eric A. , Okot Betty , Lugada Eric , Masaba Andrew , Ddamulira Dunstan P. , Luswata Brian , Nakidde Catherine L. , Kaducu Felix 
Published: April 2021

Background: Worldwide, behavioral change interventions are at the core of prevention efforts to contain the novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). While the evidence base to inform such interventions in the general population is growing, equivocal research in humanitarian populations is lacking. The current study describes the nature, extent and predictors of COVID-19 risk behaviors among conflict refugees in Uganda in a bid to inform prevention strategies for humanitarian settings.Methods: Cross-sectional survey data on COVID-19 risk-behaviors, demographic, socio-economic, behavioral and clinical variables was gathered from 1014 adult refugees drawn from 3 refugee settlements in Uganda, using two-staged cluster sampling. Data was analyzed using t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariable Linear Regression.Results: Many refugees (25-70%) were involved in hygiene, congestion and nutritional/physical activity related risk behaviors likely to contribute to community transmission of COVID-19. Refugees living in rural settlements, of male sex, young age and low socio-economic status were at heightened risk of exposure to COVID-19 risk behaviors. Physical activity and healthy nutritional practices reduced the likelihood of COVID-19 risk behavior. Indulgence in COVID-19 risk behaviors increased the risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions: COVID-19 risk behaviors among conflict refugees in Uganda are multifaceted in nature, widespread in extent and associated with symptom development, signaling for high risk for COVID-19 transmission in humanitarian settings. The data on predictors of COVID-19 risk behaviors have unmasked underlying inequalities, holding promise for development of evidence-based interventions to meet the needs of most vulnerable clusters in the refugee community.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and hormonal profile of adult females with acne vulgaris: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shah Nidhi , Ali Faaria , Radhakrishnan Aswathy , Chaudhari Parag , Patil Anant , Patil Sharmila 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>To study clinical and epidemiological characteristics and hormonal profile of adult females with acne</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult female patients of &gt;25 years of age with acne were enrolled. Demographic profile, habits, location of acne lesions, associated disease and acne flare association with menstrual cycle were noted. Prevalence of abnormalities in testosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH:FSH ratio, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), and serum insulin were noted. Ultrasound (abdomen and pelvis) was performed for screening the presence of any abnormality.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fifty one patients [mean (SD) age 30.96 (4.93) years] were included in the study. Thirty six (70.59%) patients had persistent type of acne. Grade 2 acne was present in 40 (78.43%) patients. Oily skin was seen in 27 (52.94%) patients. Hirsuitism and menstrual irregularity was present in 24 (47.06%) and 13 (25.49%) patients respectively. Pigmentation and scarring was present in 27 (52.94%) and 35 (68.63%) patients respectively. Acne lesions were seen on cheeks in 36 (70.59%) patients. Eight (15.69%) patients had elevated testosterone. DHEAS and prolactin levels were normal in all patients. Elevation of LH and decreased FSH levels were seen in five (9.80%) and three (5.88%) patients respectively. Five (9.80%) patients had elevated LH:FSH level. Raised insulin level was seen in 8 (15.69%) patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Derangement of hormonal profile is not very common among adult female patients with acne. However, in some patients laboratory markers of hyperandrogenism are seen. </p>
Origen y calidad del agua para consumo humano: salud de la población residente en el área de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo del Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Monteverde Malena , Cipponeri Marcos , Angelaccio Carlos , Gianuzzi Leda 
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del estudio es analizar el origen y la calidad del agua domiciliaria utilizada para el consumo, en una muestra de hogares del área de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Según su origen, el 9% de las muestras de agua provenientes de la red pública, el 45% de las de agua envasada y el 80% de las provenientes de perforaciones o pozos individuales resultaron no potables por exceso de coliformes, Escherichia coli o nitratos. Los individuos de la muestra de hogares en los que la fuente principal de agua para el consumo eran pozos individuales presentaron una probabilidad 55% superior de padecer alguna enfermedad de origen hídrico, probabilidad que llegaría al 87% en el caso de las diarreas y al 160% en el de las dermatitis. El agua para consumo humano en este territorio debería provenir de fuentes centralizadas que aseguren el control de la calidad del agua.
ESTIMATIVA DE IDADE DENTAL EM CORPOS NÃO IDENTIFICADOS: APLICAÇÃO E DESAFIOS DA ROTINA ODONTOLEGAL
Authors: Corrêa Nágila Maria de Oliveira , Maia Luiza Valéria de Abreu , De Freitas Sílvia Guzella , De Moura Rosa Núbia Vieira 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo foi analisar a efetividade dos critérios empregados pela Odontologia Legal, comparando idade estimada (IE) com idade cronológica (IC) dos indivíduos desconhecidos que deram entrada no Instituto Médico Legal Dr. André Roquette em 2017. A amostra final de dados secundários foi de 167 desconhecidos, originados no Sistema de Informatização e Gerenciamento dos Atos de Polícia Judiciária-PCNet. Categorizou-se o uso do critério odontológico (Sim/Não), compreendido por: Dentes Presentes, Desgaste Dentário, Presença de Rebordos Remanescentes, Mineralização das Raízes Dentárias e Estrutura Óssea dos Maxilares, como “Sim” e Elementos Morfológicos do Corpo e Face, Tecidos Anexos como “Não”. Os componentes da amostra foram divididos em Grupos 1, 2 e 3, de acordo com o estrato etário. Como resultado, viu-se que a maioria dos desconhecidos era do sexo masculino (91,7%). A prevalência de uso do critério odontológico foi de 100%. Concluiu-se que o uso dos critérios odontológicos é relevante estratégia pericial na estimativa de idade. Contudo, se faz premente a calibração da equipe e padronização de critérios, visando garantir a efetividade e o rigor científico, tanto no IMLAR/BH, como em outros Institutos Médico-legais do país.