bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The supercapacitor electrode properties and energy storage mechanism of binary transition metal sulfide MnCo2S4 compared with oxide MnCo2O4 studied using in situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Hsu Su-Yang , Hsu Feng-Hao , Chen Jeng-Lung , Cheng Yu-Song , Chen Jin-Ming , Lu Kueih-Tzu 
Published: April 2021

In situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis at the Mn K-edge and Co K-edge of MnCo2S4 nanowire as a supercapacitor electrode.
Childhood Maltreatment Consequences on Social Pragmatic Communication: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hyter Yvette D. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Maltreatment is a threat to child health and well-being and negatively influences all aspects of development, including language. Less seems to be known about the consequences that maltreatment has on social pragmatic communication. A systematic review of the literature was performed to summarize existing empirical research on complex trauma (the impact of maltreatment, including abuse and neglect, in the caregiving system) on social pragmatic communication of children and youth. The goal of this review article was to review the empirical evidence of the association between maltreatment and social pragmatic communication profiles of children.

Method
Research articles published between 1974, when the first comprehensive law of child protection was enacted, and 2020 were reviewed. Seven electronic databases were used to conduct the search for literature using several combined concepts related to social pragmatic communication and maltreatment. The inclusion criteria were that articles addressed any form of maltreatment, included participants aged 18 years or younger, and primarily focused on the impact of maltreatment on social pragmatic communication and that their method and findings were based on an experimental study. Studies were excluded if they were written in a language other than English, focused on adults, did not include the social pragmatic communication and maltreatment concepts, were a systematic review or meta-analysis, or were a theoretical rather than experimental study. A modified version of the Primary Research Appraisal Tool was used to determine key characteristics of each article.

Results
Thirty-eight articles met inclusion criteria for this study. Findings of these studies provide evidence that maltreatment has an impact on social pragmatic communication including social cognition, perspective taking, and belief attribution; executive functions including working memory; and pragmatic language including narrative discourse and the use of varied communicative functions.

Conclusions
The major findings have implications for knowledge and skills of speech-language and hearing professionals working with children and adolescents and for the type of assessment and intervention processes used to assess social pragmatic communication. Suggestions for future studies are provided.
Thermosensitive TRPV4 channels mediate temperature-dependent microglia movement
Authors: Nishimoto Rei , Derouiche Sandra , Eto Kei , Deveci Aykut , Kashio Makiko , Kimori Yoshitaka , Matsuoka Yoshikazu , Morimatsu Hiroshi , Nabekura Junichi , Tominaga Makoto 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Movement is a key feature of the surveillance and protective roles of microglia. This dynamic process is highly modulated by the surrounding environment. We discovered that microglia movement is temperature dependent in vitro and in vivo. Our investigation of thermosensitive TRP channel involvement in this phenomenon revealed several candidates including TRPM2, TRPM4, and TRPV4 channels. Using pharmacological tools and transgenic mice, we showed that the temperature dependency of microglia movement mainly relies on TRPV4 channel activity. Understanding the mechanisms by which temperature modulates microglia movement will improve our comprehension of pathological processes and allow the identification of new leads for the treatment of brain pathologies.
Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex
Authors: Everson Kathryn M. , Gray Levi N. , Jones Angela G. , Lawrence Nicolette M. , Foley Mary E. , Sovacool Kelly L. , Kratovil Justin D. , Hotaling Scott , Hime Paul M. , Storfer Andrew , Parra-Olea Gabriela , Percino-Daniel Ruth , Aguilar-Miguel X. , O’Neill Eric M. , Zambrano Luis , Shaffer H. Bradley , Weisrock David W. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Population structure and speciation are shaped by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. The tiger salamander complex has been considered a key group in which life history variation has led to a rapid rate of speciation, driven in large part by the evolution of obligate paedomorphosis—a condition in which adults maintain an aquatic, larval phenotype. Using a large multilocus dataset, we present evidence of gene flow between taxa with different life history strategies, suggesting that obligate paedomorphosis is not a strong driver of speciation in the tiger salamander complex. Many of these nominal taxa are listed as critically endangered, and our genetic results provide information and guidance that will be useful for their conservation.
Refractive index sensing with hollow metal–insulator–metal metasurfaces
Authors: Vasić Borislav , Isić Goran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Refractive index sensing with metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces featuring a continuous dielectric film between two metallic layers suffers from a low spatial overlap between high field enhancement regions and the analyte placed above. Recent studies have thus turned toward hollow MIM metasurfaces, particularly suited for fluid analytes which can infiltrate the hollow cavities. Here we describe a general procedure for reaching the optimal design in three most relevant configurations: mushroom-type structures with narrow dielectric pedestals carrying the top metallic ribbon array, hollow structures with the metallic ribbon array resting on a distant lateral support, and hollow structures in which the metallic ribbons are carried by an encapsulating layer from top. We contend that since a majority of the resonant eigenmode energy is contained within the analyte, very high refractive index sensitivities are possible for three different measurement methods: spectral, reflectance and phase interrogation. This is confirmed by numerical simulations demonstrating terahertz spectral sensitivities of above 700 GHz RIU−1 with a normalized sensitivity of around 0.6

R
I
U

−
1

(RIU stands for refractive index unit). Detection limits and dynamic ranges are estimated for both bulk refractive index sensing and thin film detection. Refractive index sensitivities and corresponding figure-of-merit factors are shown to reach maxima in the critical coupling regime characterized by equal radiative and non-radiative decay rates of the resonant mode which is controlled by cavity height. Since this regime is associated with a zero reflectance which prevents measurements of any signal, metasurfaces should operate close to the critical coupling point where reflected beam is still measurable. The final optimization is done by decay rate engineering in order to achieve narrower resonances and improve sensing performance.
Prioritization of the influence of different exchange interactions and uniaxial anisotropy on the generation and morphology of skyrmions
Authors: Xu Min , Zhang Jinyu , Meng Dexiang , Li Runshui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Different magnetic interactions and anisotropy in the multi-layer structure have different effects on the formation and morphology of skyrmions under zero field. In this paper, we show that the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) coupling plays a dominant role in the generation of skyrmions but has no significant effect on the size of skyrmions. When the RKKY coupling is weak, if the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is strong enough, some irregular cruciform domain states can be formed. With the increase of the DMI, the shape of skyrmions is altered from Néel skyrmions to skyrmioniums, and when the Heisenberg exchange is relatively low, complex domain states, such as the labyrinth are formed. However, when the Heisenberg coupling is comparatively high, the spin states of the Néel-skyrmions are reversed. Both the Heisenberg exchange interaction and uniaxial anisotropy have a positive influence on reducing the diameters of skyrmions. However, skyrmions are difficult to generate when the Heisenberg exchange and anisotropy are strong enough. We find the prioritization of the effects of different magnetic interactions and uniaxial anisotropy on the formation and morphology of skyrmions by analyzing the energy diagrams, combined with the magnetization configuration in different pairs of the exchange interactions and anisotropy, in which the RKKY coupling has the greatest influence, followed by the DMI, then the Heisenberg exchange and finally the uniaxial anisotropy.
A fault diagnosis method for an electro-hydraulic directional valve based on intrinsic mode functions and weighted densely connected convolutional networks
Authors: Shi Chong , Ren Yan , Tang Hesheng , Mupfukirei Leaven Romeo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wear caused by contaminated oil or frequent reciprocating of the spool is the chief source of internal leakage in electro-hydraulic directional valves. It is difficult to detect the location and extent of the internal wear of directional valves because the hydraulic transmission works in a closed system. Therefore, this paper focuses on the internal leakage fault diagnosis caused by the wear based on intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and weighted densely connected convolutional networks (WDenseNets), especially for electro-hydraulic directional valves. First, the empirical mode decomposition is performed in three subsections, respectively, and a series of IMF components are obtained correspondingly. Combined with the ReliefF feature selection algorithm, the optimal IMF component is selected. The weights assigned to the optimal IMF mode are normalized and then weighted as the subsequent diagnostic feature vector. Then, a WDenseNet inspired by squeeze-and-excitation networks is designed. Finally, the weighted optimal IMF component is used as the input for the WDenseNet for fault identification and classification. In addition, an experimental method to investigate the internal leakage faults associated with wear is developed. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the fault diagnosis method can be used to identify the type of internal leakage and wear location in electro-hydraulic directional valves. Compared with other intelligent diagnosis methods, this method has higher diagnostic accuracy and better training stability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified through an experimental study of the bearing fault in an axial piston pump.
First-principles study of pristine and Li-doped borophene as a candidate to detect and scavenge SO2 gas
Authors: Tu Xianxian , Xu Hong , Wang Xiaohua , Li Chenyin , Fan Guohong , Chu Xiangfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research, the potential application of borophene as gas sensor device is explored. The first-principles theory is employed to investigate the sensing performance of pristine and Li-doped borophene for SO2 and five main atmospheric gases (including CH4, CO2, N2, CO and H2). All gases are found to be adsorbed weakly on pristine borophene, which shows weak physical interaction between the pristine borophene and gases. The gas adsorption performance of borophene is improved by the doping of Li atom. The results of adsorption energy suggest that Li-borophene exhibits high selectivity to SO2 molecule. Moreover, analyses of the charge transfer, density of states and work function also confirm the introduction of Li adatom on borophene significantly enhances the selectivity and sensitivity to SO2. In addition, desorption time of gas from pristine and Li doped borophene indicates the Li-borophene has good desorption characteristics for SO2 molecule at high temperatures. This research would be helpful for understanding the influence of Li doping on borophene and presents the potential application of Li-borophene as a SO2 gas sensor or scavenger.
Carbon nitride/positive carbon black anchoring PtNPs assembled by γ-rays as ORR catalyst with excellent stability
Authors: Liu Liangsen , Shi Xiang , Wang Wei , Pei Mengfan , Hong Chunxia , Xue Yanling , Xu Zhiwei , Tian Feng , Guo Xingfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electrocatalytic performance of low-cost graphitic carbon nitride (CN) is greatly limited by its limited conductivity and small specific surface area. Herein, a simple and cost-effective idea to produce novel nanocomposite is constructed by the CN and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide functionalized carbon black (CB) anchored platinum nanoparticles as highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysts based on gamma irradiation. The assembled carbon nitride/positive carbon black anchoring PtNPs (Pt/CN2-CB+
1) catalyst exhibits significantly improved specific surface area, high graphitization, and uniformly dispersed ultra-small platinum nanoparticles. For the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance, the catalyst shows more positive onset-potential (0.93 V versus RHE) and larger diffusion limiting current density (5.65 mA cm−2) compared with benchmark Pt/C catalysts in alkaline medium. Moreover, the Pt/CN2-CB+
1 catalyst exhibits a small Tafel slope (92 mV dec−1). Besides, the catalyst was demonstrated the remarkable methanol tolerance and good long-term stability under working conditions. This work provides a new and effective γ-rays irradiation for synthesizing the carbon nitride catalysts for energy conversion and storage applications.
Reliable readings from Arduino voltmeters
Authors: Makan Gergely , Mingesz Robert , Gingl Zoltan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modern instruments use sensors, analogue and digital electronics, and digital processing to measure almost any kind of physical quantities. Arduino is a very useful and widely used platform to build such systems in a school environment. Since it has analogue voltage inputs, it can be used as a digital voltmeter or even as a chart recorder. However, the ways of ensuring the required level of accuracy or just the right estimation of accuracy are often unknown or misunderstood. In this paper we try to fill this gap to aid reliable school experimentation.
Impact of terbium inclusion on the photodetection performance of ZnO thin films
Authors: Kumar S Sathish , Chidhambaram N , Deva Arun Kumar Karuppiah , Isaac R S Rimal , Abdeltawab Ahmed A , Mohammady Sayed Z , Ubaidullah Mohd , Shaik Shoyebmohamad F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Terbium (Tb)-doped ZnO thin films were fabricated using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction route. Their structural, morphological, optical, and ultraviolet photosensing properties were studied and compared with those of pure ZnO thin films. The x-ray diffraction results illustrate that the pure and Tb-doped ZnO films reveal hexagonal structures with the P63mc space group. The 1% Tb-doped ZnO film shows an increase in the absorption and a decrease in bandgap value from 3.24 eV to 3.15 eV compared to pure ZnO. The photoluminescence results reveal the existence of emission centers at 388, 414, 441, and 477 nm in the fabricated thin films. By increasing the rare earth (Tb) element, the near band edge emission was decreased and correspondingly increased the blue emission due to its 4f orbital energy transition. The photosensing parameters, such as responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity values of the 1% Tb-doped ZnO detector, are 2.21 × 10−1 A W−1, 75%, and 1.84 × 1010 Jones, respectively, which are higher compared to the other fabricated devices due to their better optoelectronic properties. For the 5% Tb-doped ZnO detector, the I–V characteristic curve shows a non-linear behavior, which indicates that a small Schottky barrier is formed in the detector due to widening of the potential barrier and depletion region by Tb. We also investigated the possible energy band diagram of both linear and non-linear (Schottky barrier) behaviors for Tb-doped ZnO detectors.
Enhancement of surge-induced synchronized switch harvesting on inductor strategy
Authors: Onoda Junjiro , Minesugi Kenji , Kwon Seong-Cheol , Oh Hyun-Ung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a novel method to enhance vibration harvesting based on surge-induced synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (S3HI). S3HI allows harvesting of a large amount of energy even from low-amplitude vibrations by inducing a surge voltage during the voltage inversion of a synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI). The surge voltage and the voltage amplification from the conventional voltage inversion improve energy harvesting. S3HI modifies SSHI by both rewiring the circuit without adding components and using a novel switching pattern for voltage inversion, thus maintaining the simplicity of SSHI. We propose a novel switching strategy and circuit topology and analyze six methods that constitute the S3HI family, which includes traditional S3HI and high-frequency S3HI. We demonstrate that the six methods suitably harvest energy even from low-amplitude vibrations. Nevertheless, the harvestable energy per vibration cycle depends on the switching pattern and storage-capacitor voltage. The use of the proposed switching strategy, which allows energy harvesting before energy-dissipative voltage inversion, substantially increases the harvestable energy per vibration cycle. In the typical case considered in this study, the said increase is on the order of 11%–31% and 15%–450% compared to the traditional and existing high-frequency S3HI methods, respectively, depending on the storage-capacitor voltage. Additionally, the proposed circuit can be used as a traditional circuit. It could be considered a promising alternative to S3HI methods owing to its potential auto-reboot capability, which is not found in traditional S3HI circuit.
Addendum: Beyond the limits of 1D coherent synchrotron radiation (2018 New J. Phys.
20 073035)
Authors: Brynes A D , Smorenburg P , Akkermans I , Allaria E , Badano L , Brussaard S , Danailov M , Demidovich A , De Ninno G , Gauthier D , Gaio G , van der Geer S B , Giannessi L , de Loos M J , Mirian N S , Penco G , Rebernik P , Rossi F , Setija I , Spampinati S , Spezzani C , Trovò M , Williams P H , Di Mitri S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper is an addendum to reference  (Brynes et al 2018 New J. Phys.
20 073035), in which we studied the transverse emittance growth due to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in the bunch compressor of a free-electron laser. Analytic results based on the theory of CSR were compared with results from experiment and simulation. Recent results have been published (Stupakov 2019 arXiv:1901.10745) which correct the theoretical emittance growth, predicting a smaller increase than that which was expected based on previous results. When comparing these new calculations with the emittance growth that was measured experimentally, and with 3D simulations, we find an improved agreement when the bunch compression approaches its maximum value.
Angular-momentum exchange among acoustic and optical waves at the collinear acousto-optic diffraction
Authors: Kostyrko Myroslav , Skab Ihor , Vlokh Rostyslav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider collinear acousto-optic diffraction of circularly polarized optical waves at circularly polarized acoustic waves in the crystals that reveal both acoustic conical refraction and optical activity. We find that, due to the conical refraction of acoustic waves, these waves produce vector-vortex beam. In this process, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the conically refracted acoustic wave is transformed into the OAM of the diffracted optical wave. At the same time, the spin angular momentum of conically refracted phonons is transferred to diffracted photons. The possibility of phonon-photon entanglement is discussed in the work.
Tunable thickness and uniform drop deposition of graphene oxide on porous anodic aluminum oxide and a reliable thickness measurement technique
Authors: Cho Hyeonho , Kim Taehee , Kim Sunghan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The pinned contact line of sessile droplets containing micro/nanoparticles on a substrate results in nonuniform depositions with noncontrollable thicknesses, thereby producing the coffee-ring effect. In this study, we demonstrated that the thickness of graphene oxide (GO) films can be engineered using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrates to fabricate uniform GO films. The outstanding thickness controllability and uniformity of GO films were obtained via tailorable hydrodynamic flow in a sessile droplet due to the pores of the AAO substrate. Furthermore, we developed a novel approach for measuring the micro/nanoscale thicknesses of GO films using an optical microscope. The thicknesses of the deposited GO film, measured via optical microscopy, demonstrated good agreement with those obtained via atomic force microscopy. These findings are beneficial for GO film applications, such as in wearable sensors, filtration, inkjet printing.
Graphene oxide biohybrid layer enhances sensitivity and anticorrosive properties in refractive index sensor
Authors: Alonso-Murias Monserrat del C , Monzón-Hernández David , Gravagnuolo Alfredo Maria , Márquez Salomón , Giardina Paola , Morales-Narváez Eden 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Graphene-based materials are capable of enhancing the refractometric response of prism- and optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors; however, complicated multistep and time-consuming attaching processes could limit their practical applications. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) submicrometric sheets onto the surface of a gold-coated single-mode fiber using a coating of fungal self-assembling proteins, the hydrophobins (HFBs), as an adhesive nanolayer. Hetero-core fiber tip SPR structures used in this study, consisting of a mirrored multimode–single-mode fiber structure coated with different thin layers (a chromium layer of 3 nm and a gold layer of 30 nm on top) exhibited a refractive index sensitivity (SRI) of 1842 nm RIU−1 (RIU: refractive index unit) at a refractive index (RI) of 1.36. Self-assembly of GO over the SPR fiber tip via HFB, offered an enhancement of up to 20% in the SRI. Moreover, this HFB-GO coating prevented degradation of the Al thin film mirror caused by corrosive salt-water solutions. The process is very simple, harmless, rapid (around 15 min) and scalable, as it is mostly based on one plasma treatment, which can be performed in large chambers and two dip coating steps, in liquid baths. All these features make the use of self-assembled bio/non-bio hybrid coating a green industrial method to improve the performance of SPR fiber biosensors, if compared with traditional chemical methods. Materials applied in this technology, fungal proteins and derivatives of graphite, are sustainable and largely available.
FFT and Equivalent-inclusion approach for effective conductivity of three-phase composites with random coated-ellipse inclusion
Authors: Nguyen Van-Luat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unlike sphere inclusion, every ellipsoid inclusion is anisotropic, but compound-inclusion composite material with random distribution of coated-ellipse inclusion can be considered as isotropic. The paper introduces the Fast Fourier transformation method (FFT) and equivalent inclusion approach to calculate the effective conductivity of the transverse isotropic unidirectional coated-fiber composite with coated-ellipse inclusion. In the equivalent inclusion approximation, the two-phase of coated-ellipse inclusions are substituted by the equivalent homogeneous one of the same size and corresponding mechanical properties, from here we can build a simple approximation formula (EI) to determine effective conductivity of three-phase composites. Beside that, the FFT simulation can be combined with the equivalent inclusion approach to obtain the results FFT-EI.