bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal Growth and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Semi-Organic [C4H12N2] ZnCl4. H2O Single Crystal for Laser Applications
Authors: Pichan Karuppasamy , Kamalesh T. , Senthilpandian M. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optical high quality semi-organic piperazinium tetrachlorozincate monohydrate, [C4H12N2] ZnCl4. H2O (PTCZ) single crystals were grown by conventional solution method. The structure of grown crystal was confirmed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis. The material phase purities and its various (hkl) planes have been confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis at room temperature. The different functional groups were confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The optical quality of the PTCZ single crystal and band gap energy have been identified by the UV-Vis NIR spectral analysis and also calculated refractive index of the material. The thermal stability of the PTCZ single crystal was investigated by TG-DTA. The hardness related properties were analyzed by microhardness tester. The dielectric properties have been measured on the grown single crystal and the electronic polarizability value has been calculated with various theoretical approach. The etching process was carried out on the grown crystal to finding the dislocation density. The crystal atomic perfection has been investigated by the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) or Rocking curve (RC) analysis. The Z-scan measurement has been carried out to finding third-order optical susceptibility (χ(3)) of the grown single crystal using solid state laser (640 nm).
Evaluating the Relationship Between Modern Energy Access and Social-Economic Situation of Households in Urban Areas of Turkey
Authors: BİLGİÇ Gülbahar , Şahin Mükerrem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between access to modern energy systems and the social-economic situation of households who live in urban zones Turkey. As a case study, in Yalova province in western Turkey, has been chosen the socio-economic and educational conditions of the households who can access clean energy services have investigated. For this purpose, we have conducted a survey covering Yalova urban areas. Results of the statistical calculations, the sample size was determined with a 6.7% acceptable error rate and a 95% confidence level, and as a result, it was seen that 214 households should be surveyed. Our results indicate the level of access of households living in Yalova to modern energy systems was changed according to their income level and education. In the city center, where access to electricity is not lacking, it has been observed that the inadequacy of households in access to electricity is only due to income difference. It has been considered that fossil fuels and derivatives are mostly consumed by low-income and low-education households. Based on this, it can be said that access to clean energy systems will increase as the income level increases, and the education level increases.
Spot-welding Path Planning Method for Curved Surface Workpiece of Body-in-white Based on Memetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Hang , Zhang Bangcheng , Sun Jianwei , Yang Lei , Yu Haiyue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of complex path planning in the processing of curved surface workpieces of body-in-white, a hybrid path planning method based on memetic algorithm is proposed. The method is divided into two parts, welding sequence planning and welding path planning between welding joints. By establishing the kinematics model of spot welding robot based on pipper criterion and z-y-z Euler angle solution method, the motion constraints of path optimization are analyzed. Under the framework of the memetic algorithm, the improved A-star algorithm with redundant node deletion and post smoothing process is used to obtain the smooth collision-free optimal path set between welding joints, and construct the objective function of traveling all welding joints with the shortest path length and the highest smoothness, the multi-objective elitist simulated annealing genetic algorithm is used to achieve the welding sequence planning of all welding joints. The variable neighborhood search method improves the mutation operator, the elitist strategy is introduced to improve the probability of crossover and mutation operation, and a simulated annealing algorithm is used to jump out of local search to get the global optimal solution. According to the motion constraints, the joint space path is obtained by the optimal path in Cartesian space. Simulations analysis results demonstrate that the hybrid path planning method based on the memetic algorithm can effectively optimize the path of spot welding robot, lay the foundation of controlling and trajectory planning during welding processes.
Mitigation Effects of Vitamin C and E Against Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens, With Reference to Biochemical, Genotoxicity and Pathological Studies
Authors: Hashem Mohamed , Hamied Sahar Abd El , Ahmed Eman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is necessary for biological utility, nevertheless when existing in abundance; it can produce plentiful injurious impacts. This enquiry was carried out to explore the efficiency of individual or combined doses of vitamin C (Vit C) and vitamin E (Vit E) in ameliorating some biochemical, genotoxicity and pathological changes in the liver of copper sulphate (CuSO 4 )-intoxicated chickens. One hundred- one day old broiler chicks were haphazardly divided into 5groups of 20 chicks each. The broilers were fed on basal diet only (control, gp.1 ) or supplemented with 300 mg CuSO 4 /kg diet (Cu, gp.2 ), CuSO 4 + 250 mg Vit C /kg diet (Cu+ Vit C, gp.3 ), CuSO 4 +250 mg Vit E /kg diet (Cu+ Vit E, gp.4 ) and both vitamins C + E (Cu+ Vit C+ Vit E, gp.5 ) for six weeks.
The results displayed that CuSO 4 - intoxicated birds (gp.2) had significantly ( p<0.05 ) dwindled body weight, gain and feed consumption with increased feed conversion rate from week 2 till the 6 th week compared with control group. Serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly ( p<0.05 ) augmented in CuSO4- exposed group (gp.2) with significantly ( p<0.05 ) drop in serum total protein (TP), albumin, globulins, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to control. Concomitantly, histopathological and DNA changes were perceived in liver of CuSO 4 -intoxicated birds. Co-supplementation of Vit C, and Vit E single-handedly or incorporation to CuSO 4 -intoxicated chickens displayed an enhancement in performance traits and abovementioned changes, especially with those given combination of vitamins. From the extant enquiry, it could be established that supplementation of vitamin C and E were beneficial for alleviation the harmful effects of CuSO 4 on performance and other studied parameters in broiler chickens.
Medical Students’ Experiences of Teaching with Emotional Intelligence in Clinical Settings: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Toufan Nahid , Omid Athar , Haghani Fariba 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Effective teaching in clinical environment is one of the challenges faced by clinical faculty members due to the complexities of the variables involved in the training. Using appropriate teaching methods by professors in this environment can promise efficient graduates in the field. The present study, as a follow up of Omid research, which designed a clinical teaching model based on emotional intelligence, was carried out to evaluate the results of implementing this model in a clinical setting.
Methods

A qualitative study was conducted using inductive content analysis in one of the educational hospitals affiliated with Esfahan University of Medical Sciences. A total of 20 volunteer medical students from different levels of education were selected using purposeful sampling and were asked to express their experiences of attending the round with its clinical teaching based on emotional intelligence. Participants included 4 stagers, 11 interns, and 5 residents. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews; each interview lasted for 40–60 minutes and began with the question: what do you think are the important features of this professor's clinical education? The following questions were asked based on the issues raised in the interview. Data collected were analyzed immediately after the interviews
Results

Two main categories emerged from data analysis: Health outcome and Learning outcome.
Conclusion

The use of teaching based on emotional intelligence in the clinical environment can be effective in promoting their learning while ensuring the health of the learners.
A novel electrochemical procedure for grown of bimetallic metal–organic framework (Ni/Zn-MOF) and its derived hydroxide@C onto Ni foam as binder-free high performance battery-type electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Song Qichao , Yang Chunguang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Todays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derived structures have been extensively investigated as the novel electrode materials in energy storage area due to their stable porous architectures and exceptionally large specific surface area. In this study, bimetallic Ni,Zn-MOF is synthesized onto Ni foam via a novel indirect cathodic electrodeposition method for the first time. After that, the fabricated Ni,Zn-MOFs onto Ni foam was converted to corresponding bi-metal hydroxide@C/Ni foam through direct chemical treating with 6M KOH solution. The obtained Ni,Zn-MOFs/NF and Ni2 − xZnx (OH)2@C/NF electrodes are characterized through XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and EDS analyses. These analyses results confirmed deposition of well-defined crystalline porous sheet-like structures of Ni3 − xZnx(BTC)2 deposited onto Ni foam, where the hydroxide@C electrode was also exhibited similar morphology. As the binder-free electrode, the as-prepared Ni,Zn-MOF@Ni foam exhibited the superior storage capacities of 356.1 mAh g− 1 and 255.5 mAh g− 1 as well as good cycling stabilities of 94.2 % and 84.5 % after 6000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles at the current densities of 5 and 15 A g− 1, respectively. On the other hand, Ni,Zn-MOF derived hydroide@C/Ni foam presented the superior capacities of 545 mAh g− 1 and 406 mAh g− 1 as well as proper cycle lifes of 91.8 % and 78.3 % after 6000 cycling at the applied loads of 5 and 15 A g− 1, respectively. Based on these findings, both of these fabricated battery-type electrodes are introduced as the promising candidates for use in energy storage devices.
Assessment and Characterization of Xylanolytic Bacteria Isolated from the Gut of Microtermes Obesi for Biomass Pretreatment
Authors: Batool Iram , Khan Falak Sher , Awais Muhammad , Ahmed Dawood , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Ijaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of current research was to examine the potential for the production of hemicelluloses degrading enzymes from bacteria harbor in termite gut. The research was also focused on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (Corn stover, rice straw and cotton stalk) into fermentable sugars by using enzymes from the bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates from termite gut were screened for their ability to degrade xylan that is the major constituent of hemicelluloses. Two bacterial isolates were chosen and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both isolates TGB9 and TGB10 belong to Bacillus geneus. The isolates have shown higher xylan degrading activity at 50 oC and optimum pH was 6.0. Xylanases from isolate TGB9 and TGB10 were utilized for sccharification of agricultural substrates (stover, rice straw and cotton stalk). As a result higher contents of reducing sugars were observed from corn stover. Xylanases from isolate TGB9 produced higher yields of reducing sugar than isolate TGB10. A comparative study was also performed among chemical pretreatment and xylanases from bacterial isolates. For this purpose agricultural substrates were also treated with H2SO4 and NaOH. Xylanases produced by TGB9 and TGB10 released higher content of sugar from agricultural substrates than chemical pretreatments. So it is concluded that termite gut have bacteria that can hydrolyze hemicelluloses more efficiently than chemicals.
Guiding Species Recovery through Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Population Genetic Structure of Two Critically Endangered Freshwater Mussel Species (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Jones Jess Walter , Lane Timothy W. , Johnson Nathan , Hallerman Eric M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Cumberlandian Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) and Oyster Mussel (E. capsaeformis) are critically endangered freshwater mussel species native to the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages, major tributaries of the Ohio River in the eastern United States. The Clinch River in northeastern Tennessee (TN) and southwestern Virginia (VA) harbors the only remaining stronghold population for either species, containing tens of thousands of individuals per species; however, a few smaller populations are still extant in other rivers. We collected and analyzed genetic data to assist with population restoration and recovery planning for both species. We used an 888 base-pair sequence of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) gene and ten nuclear DNA microsatellite loci to assess patterns of genetic differentiation and diversity in populations at small and large spatial scales, and at a 9-year (2004 to 2013) temporal scale, which showed how quickly these populations can diverge from each other in a short time period. Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite DNA variation was higher in E. capsaeformis than in E. brevidens. These two species have maintained quite different levels of genetic diversity within their Clinch River stronghold and in their smaller peripheral populations in the Big South Fork Cumberland and Nolichucky rivers, TN. For instance, with only three mtDNA haplotypes detected overall across populations, E. brevidens’ capacity for maintaining genetic diversity appears to be less than that of E. capsaeformis, which had 18 haplotypes. At the relatively small spatial scales (15-30 kilometers) investigated in the Clinch River, demes of both species exhibited minimal genetic differentiation in either the 2004 or 2013 sampling periods, typically <0.02 based on FST and <0.1 based on Jost’s D. Our genetic data suggest that mussels at the numerous shoals in a 32-kilometer section of the Clinch River comprise a single, large population of each respective species with very high gene-flow among individual demes. However, we also observed a high level of genetic differentiation among demes at the 9-year temporal scale, with differentiation metrics for E. brevidens (D = 0.47 and FST = 0.12) and E. capsaeformis (D = 0.31 and FST = 0.05) proving higher than the within-year values. This result strongly suggests that genetic drift is playing an important role in allele frequency change over time in these populations. At the spatial and temporal scales investigated in this study, various demographic, life history, and environmental factors are influencing maintenance of genetic variation and need to be considered during conservation planning for each species.
Persistent Minor Blips of HIV Viral Load in Patients on ART Are Associated With Virological Failure and Higher Rates of Clinical Events.
Authors: BERNAL Enrique , MUÑOZ Angeles , ALCARAZ Maria Jose , ALCARAZ Antonia , MASIA Mar , BRAVO Joaquín , BLANCO Jose Ramón , REUS Sergio , GORGOLAS Miguel , BARAIA-ETXABURO Josu Mirena , PEREZ Alexandre , CANO Alfredo , GUTIERREZ Félix , Study CoRIS 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the long-term impact of plasma VL elevations between 50 and 199 copies/ml (VLE50-199) on virological failure and development of AIDS, death or non-AIDS events (NAE) in patients receiving ART. Methods: We analyzed ART-naïve adults from the cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who initiated ART from 2012 to 2017 and achieved VL<50 copies/ml within 3–9 months after ART initiation. Elevations of VL between 50 and 199 copies/ml were divided into uncommon (<25% of the measurements) or not viral elevation, frequent (25-50%) and very frequent (>50% of the measurements). Multivariate Cox models were used.Results: Of 4121 patients included, 3881 (94.2%) patients VLE50-199 was uncommon or was not present. VLE50-199 was frequent in 185 (4.5%) and very frequent in 55 (1.3%) patients. 169 had virological failure (4.1%), 57 (1.38%) patients died or developed an AIDS event and 107 (2.6%) developed NAE. Frequent VLE50-199 (aHR, 11.83; 95% CI, 6.42–21.84; p<0.001) and very frequent VLE50-199 (aHR, 29.1; 95% CI, 12.6–67.19; p<0.001) were associated with a higher risk of virological failure, but did not increase the risk of developing AIDS events or death. Frequent VLE50-199 had an adjusted NAE hazard ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 0.91–4.97;p=0.081) and very frequent VLE50-199 of 4.66 (95% CI, 0.9–21; p=0.051). Conclusion: Persistent mild elevations between 50 and 199 copies/ml were strongly associated with an increased risk of virological failure and with higher rates of NAE. Therefore, closer monitoring of these patients may be warranted.
Differential Relationship of Grip Strength With Body Composition and Lifestyle Factors Between Indian Urban and Rural, Boys and Girls
Authors: Ekbote Veena , Patel Prerna , Kasture Sonal , Vispute Smruti , Khadilkar Vaman , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grip strength (GS) is used as an index of overall health in children. The objectives of our study were to assess GS, gender differences in GS in 9 -18 year old urban (U) and rural (R) Indian children, study association of GS with body composition (BC) and assess determinants. This was part of a multicentre, cross sectional, school-based study (n=1978, mean age 13.3 ± 2.2 years) from 3 U and R states. Anthropometry, BC, dietary intake, physical activity, sunlight exposure and GS (in Kg) measurements were performed. The mean GS increased with age but plateaued in girls after 12 years; was higher in boys (19.6 ± 9.2) than girls (14.3 ± 5.3) (p < 0.05). Mean GS was higher in U (21.05 ± 9.7) than in R boys (17.8 ± 8.2) (p < 0.05), comparable in U (14.9 ± 5.2) and R girls (13.8 ± 5.5). GS in girls remained lower than boys after adjusting for muscle mass (MM). Difference between boys and girls reduced after body size (BMI) correction, but remained low in girls plateauing after 15 years. MM and age were significant determinants of GS in all children. On addition of lifestyle factors, GS was explained to varied degrees, the least in U girls, followed by R girls and R boys and the most in U boys. Conclusion: In boys, nutrition though body size and composition was largely responsible for the differences in GS and in girls, additionally socio-cultural factors also possibly impact GS.
Partition of tea saponin with a novel recyclable thermo-pH aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Wei Yanli , Chen Xi , Yang Ting , Wan JunFen , Cao XueJun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have the advantages of environmentally friendly, high mass transfer efficiency, mild extraction conditions. However, it is difficult to recycle these components, which limits the large-scale application of ATPS in industrial production. In this study, a novel recyclable ATPS of PN/PADB4.78 was constructed with a thermo-responsive polymer PN and a pH-responsive polymer PADB4.78 for the partition study of tea saponin. The recovery of PN reached 98.71% by adjusting the temperature to above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST, 33.0 °C ) and the recovery of PADB4.78 was 97.32% by regulating the pH to its isoelectric point (pI, 4.78). Meanwhile, the phase formation mechanism of ATPS was studied by surface tension and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The effects of polymer concentration, pH, temperature, types and concentrations of salt were investigated on tea saponin partition. In the 1.5% PN/3.5% PADB4.78 ATPS, the optimal partition coefficient (K) and extraction recovery (ERb) of crude tea saponin were 0.15 and 92.13% in the presence of 1.5 mM KCl at pH=7.6 and 25℃, respectively. The K and ERb of tea saponin from tea seeds were 0.12 and 94.50% with 7.5 mM LiBr at pH=8.0 and 25℃, respectively.
Cardiogenic Parameters Effectively Predict Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Non-Large Artery Atherosclerosis Infarction
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyong , Zhang Junqiao , Teng Xiaoyun , Wang Zhengang , Sun Yingui , Lu Keliang , Liu Wenbo , Wang Kaifang , Sun Meiyan , Zhang wenbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) infarcts are relatively rare compared to LAA type infarcts. Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the complications of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and we aim to investigate the risk factors for the development of HT in patients with non-LAA type AIS.Patients and methods：From January 2015 to January 2020, we included a total of 52 patients with non-LAA type AIS who met the criteria for the occurrence of HT, for which 136 patients without HT were matched. Patients were followed up every 3 months by phone or in the clinic, with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up per patient. The risk factors associated with prognosis were derived after univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram model was developed based on these risk factors. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by creating a calibration plot and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results: Through univariate analysis and logistics regression analysis, we found that the patient's creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), ejection fraction (EF) and platelets (PLT) were independently related to the HT in patients with non-LAA type AIS. We accordingly developed smoothing curves to predict the probability of HT and found that the HT rate increased with increasing CK-MB and decreased with increasing EF and PLT. The nomogram based on these three factors had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.875 for the development group and 0.889 for the external validation group. The calibration plot showed a good prediction accuracy.Conclusions: Patients with non-LAA type AIS are relatively uncommon and presenting with HT is even rarer. Our nomogram built on cardiogenic parameters and PLT can accurately predict the occurrence of HT in these non-LAA type AIS patients, which has good clinical significance.