bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thunder Hours: How Old Methods Offer New Insights into Thunderstorm Climatology
Authors: DiGangi Elizabeth A. , Stock Michael , Lapierre Jeff 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lightning data are often used to measure the location and intensity of thunderstorms. This study presents 5 years of data from the Earth Networks Global Lightning Detection Network (ENGLN) in the form of thunder hours. A thunder hour is defined as an hour during which thunder can be heard from a given location, and thunder hours can be calculated for the entire globe. Thunder hours are an intuitive measure of thunderstorm frequency where the 1-h interval corresponds to the life-span of most thunderstorms, and the hourly temporal resolution of the data also represents long-lived systems well. Flash-density-observing systems are incredibly useful, but they have some drawbacks that limit how they can be used to quantify global thunderstorm activity on a climatological scale: flash density distributions derived from satellite observations must sacrifice a great deal of their spatial resolution in order to capture the diurnal convective cycle, and the detection efficiencies of ground-based lightning detection systems are not uniform in space or constant in time. Examining convective patterns in the context of thunder hours lends insight into thunderstorm activity without being heavily influenced by network performance, making thunder hours particularly useful for studying thunderstorm climatology. The ENGLN thunder hour dataset offers powerful utility to climatological studies involving lightning and thunderstorms. This study first shows that the ENGLN thunder hours dataset is very consistent with past measurements of global thunderstorm activity and the global electric circuit using only 5 years of data. Then, this study showcases thunder anomaly fields, designed to be analogous to temperature anomalies, which can be used to diagnose changes in thunderstorm frequency relative to the long-term mean in both time and space.
Developmental Trajectories of Adult Romantic Attachment: Assessing the Influence of Observed Interactions With Family of Origin
Authors: Dinero Rachel E. , Donnellan M. Brent , Hart Joshua 
Published: October 2021

The present study evaluates longitudinal trajectories of adult romantic attachment during adulthood using latent growth curve modeling. We also tested how observed family interactions were related to trajectories of attachment-related anxiety and avoidance from ages 25 to 31 years (on average). Stability coefficients for attachment variables across 6 years were around .50. Growth modeling results suggested that people tend to become less anxious as they mature into adulthood and that there were individual differences in changes during this period. Although family interaction quality in the adolescent years predicted levels of romantic attachment anxiety and avoidance in young adulthood, this association did not extend to changes in attachment between the ages of 25–31 years. Overall, it seems that attachment variables demonstrate some degree of consistency over time even as the average trend is for declines in anxiety. Moreover, adolescent interactions with parents were not strong predictors of changes in attachment during adulthood. This is consistent with the view that family relationships during adolescence are associated more strongly with the stable components of attachment rather than dynamic aspects in adulthood.
Rescue extracorporeal life support as a bridge to durable left ventricular assist device
Authors: Zubarevich Alina , Zhigalov Konstantin , Szczechowicz Marcin , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Vardanyan Robert , Torabi Saeed , Papathanasiou Maria , Luedike Peter , Koch Achim , Pizanis Nikolaus , Kamler Markus , Schmack Bastian , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Background: The ideal timing of a durable assist device implantation in patients with end-stage heart failure presenting with INTERMACS profile I is still controversial. The data on extracorporeal life support (ECLS) bridge to durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in these patients is limited. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 35 patients in acute cardiogenic shock (CS) who, between December 2013 and September 2020, were bridged with ECLS to durable LVAD. The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.0 years. The primary endpoints of this study were in-hospital, 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year mortality. The secondary endpoint was the development of any postoperative adverse events and other characteristics during the follow-up period. We also assessed the impact of the rescue ECLS on the recovery of the end-organ function. Results: In-hospital, 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year survival was 65.6%, 75.9%, 69.2%, and 62.7% respectively. The median time on ECLS was 7 days (IQR 5.0–13.0). We observed a high incidence of a severe right heart failure (22.9%), acute kidney injury on dialysis (68.6%), and respiratory failure (77.1%). Bridge with ECLS provided a significant recovery of liver and kidney function prior to durable LVAD implantation. Conclusion: The concept of bridging patients presenting in end-stage heart failure and cardiogenic shock with ECLS prior to durable LVAD implantation is a feasible method to ensure acceptable survival rates and significant recovery of the end-organ function.
Follow-Up Care Barriers for Patients with Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Van Swol Joshua , Wolf Bethany J. , Toumey Julia , Pecha Phayvanh , Patel Krishna G. 
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a patient with a cleft's age, associated syndrome, cleft phenotype or travel distance affects their follow-up rate. Design This study is a retrospective review of patients with CL/P treated by a craniofacial clinic. Setting The setting was a craniofacial clinic at a tertiary care university hospital. Patients, Participants Candidates were patients seen by the craniofacial clinic between January 2007 and December 2019. An initial pool of 589 patients was then reduced to 440 due to exclusion criteria. Interventions None Main Outcome Measure(s) The outcome measure was actual patient attendance to the craniofacial team compared to the team goal expectation of annual return visits. Results The mean age of participants at the end of the study was 9.0 ±  5.4 years with a mean follow-up period (total possible follow-up period length based on patient age at presentation and study window) of 5.5 ±  3.6 years. There was no association between cleft phenotype, type of syndrome, or distance to the clinic with attendance. Children with syndromes had an 11% decrease in the odds of attending follow-up visits with each 1-year increase in age compared to a 4% decrease in children without syndromes. Conclusions The only significant factors determining patient attendance were the presence of a syndrome and increasing age.
Peripherally Infused Norepinephrine to Avoid Central Venous Catheter Placement in a Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study
Authors: Groetzinger Lara M. , Williams Julia , Svec Susan , Donahoe Michael P. , Lamberty Phillip E. , Barbash Ian J. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Reducing central venous catheter (CVC) utilization can reduce complications in the intensive care unit (ICU). While norepinephrine (NE) is traditionally administered via a CVC, lower concentrations may be safely administered via peripheral intravenous (PIV) lines. Objective: We aimed to describe the implementation of a pilot protocol utilizing PIVs to administer a low-dose and lower-concentration NE, review the number of CVCs avoided, and evaluate any adverse events. Methods: In a quaternary medical intensive care unit (MICU), from March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020, we reviewed charts for CVC placement and adverse events from the pNE infusion. We also measured unit-level CVC utilization in all MICU patients and assessed the change in utilization associated with the peripheral norepinephrine (pNE) protocol. Results: Over a 1-year period, 87 patients received a pNE infusion. Overall, 44 patients (51%) never required CVC placement during their MICU stay. Three patients (3%) experienced adverse events, none of which were documented as serious and or required antidote for treatment. Implementation of the protocol was associated with a decrease in the number of patients at the unit level who received CVCs, even if they did not receive pNE. Conclusion and Relevance: In this small pilot study, we pragmatically demonstrated that pNE is safe and may reduce the need for CVC placement. This information can be used to aid in pNE protocol development and implementation at other institutions, but further research should be done to confirm the safety of routine use of pNE in clinical practice.
‘A way to be me’: Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood
Authors: Lilley Rozanna , Lawson Wenn , Hall Gabrielle , Mahony Joanne , Clapham Hayley , Heyworth Melanie , Arnold Samuel RC , Trollor Julian N , Yudell Michael , Pellicano Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

In this article, we report on an oral history study documenting the lives of autistic adults in Australia. This qualitative study, co-produced with autistic researchers, offers insight into the lived experiences of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood. Oral history methodology was utilised to understand the experiences of autistic adults who grew up in an era before autism was well-known. The 26 interviewees were born before 1975, receiving a clinical autism diagnosis after age 35 years. All interviews were conducted by autistic researchers, transcribed and thematically analysed by a team of autistic and non-autistic researchers using the six-step process outlined by Braun and Clarke. We identified four themes relating to perceptions of the self: being different, exploring identity, the suffering self and being Autistic. Some interviewees reported a direct relationship between trauma, negative self-conceptions and suffering. For most, formal diagnosis had positive impacts on sense of self, contributing to a greater focus on strengths. Contra research suggesting autistic impairments in self-awareness, these interviewees demonstrated a deep capacity for self-reflection, highlighting the variability of autistic lives and the socio-historical contexts that shape individual biographies, including experiences of stigma and discrimination as well as the empowering potential of identifying as autistic. Lay abstract Using oral history methods, we interviewed and recorded 26 autistic adults in Australia about their life history. We wanted to better understand interviewees’ self-reflections about their lives. The interviewers were autistic researchers and the interviews were analysed by autistic and non-autistic researchers. All of the adults we interviewed were born before 1975 and formally identified as autistic after age 35 years. This group of people is sometimes referred to as ‘late-diagnosed autistic adults’. In general, there is not much research done about autistic adults and even less is known about those diagnosed late in life. In this article, we explore what these adults said about their sense of self and how that changed over time. These autistic adults told us about many negative experiences, including trauma, which had shaped how they think about themselves. For most, autism diagnosis had a very positive impact on their sense of self, allowing them to understand more about their own past and to feel good about their autistic identity. Previously some researchers have said that autistic people have a limited or impaired sense of self. Instead, our results show some autistic people can actually reflect deeply on their lives and their changing sense of self-identity over time.
Safety of anti-TNF agents in patients with compensated cirrhosis: a case-control study
Authors: Kapila Nikhil , Gonzalez Adalberto , Rosado Jose Melendez , Flocco Gianina , Salomon Fayssa , Abusaif Mohammad , Hussain Ishtiaq , Moor Molly A. , Modaresi-Esfeh Jamak , Castro Fernando J. 
Published: October 2021

Background: There is limited data on the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with concomitant cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of anti-TNF agents in patients with compensated cirrhosis who used these medications for the treatment of an underlying rheumatologic condition or IBD. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, matched, case-control study. A one to three case-control match was performed. Adults who received anti-TNF therapy were matched to three adults with cirrhosis who did not receive anti-TNF therapy. Patients were matched for etiology of cirrhosis, MELD-Na and age. Primary outcome was the development of hepatic decompensation. Secondary outcomes included development of infectious complications, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), extra-hepatic malignancy, and mortality. Results: Eighty patients with cirrhosis who received anti-TNF agents were matched with 240 controls. Median age was 57.2 years. Median MELD-Na for the anti-TNF cohort was seven and median MELD-Na for the controls was eight. The most common etiology of cirrhosis was NAFLD. Anti-TNF therapy did not increase risk of decompensation (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.64–1.30, p = 0.61) nor influence the time to development of a decompensating event. Anti-TNF therapy did not increase the risk of hepatic mortality or need for liver transplantation (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.55–2.53, p = 0.67). Anti-TNF therapy was not associated with an increased risk of serious infection (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.68–2.17, p = 0.52), HCC (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.13–1.57, p = 0.21), or extra-hepatic malignancy (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.29–2.30, p = 0.71). Conclusions: Anti-TNF agents in patients with compensated cirrhosis does not influence the risk of decompensation, serious infections, transplant free survival, or malignancy.
Machine learning for prediction of intra-abdominal abscesses in patients with Crohn’s disease visiting the emergency department
Authors: Levartovsky Asaf , Barash Yiftach , Ben-Horin Shomron , Ungar Bella , Soffer Shelly , Amitai Marianne M. , Klang Eyal , Kopylov Uri 
Published: October 2021

Background: Intra-abdominal abscess (IA) is an important clinical complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). A high index of clinical suspicion is needed as imaging is not routinely used during hospital admission. This study aimed to identify clinical predictors of an IA among hospitalized patients with CD using machine learning. Methods: We created an electronic data repository of all patients with CD who visited the emergency department of our tertiary medical center between 2012 and 2018. We searched for the presence of an IA on abdominal imaging within 7 days from visit. Machine learning models were trained to predict the presence of an IA. A logistic regression model was compared with a random forest model. Results: Overall, 309 patients with CD were hospitalized and underwent abdominal imaging within 7 days. Forty patients (12.9%) were diagnosed with an IA. On multivariate analysis, high C-reactive protein (CRP) [above 65 mg/l, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 16 (95% CI: 5.51–46.18)], leukocytosis [above 10.5 K/μl, aOR: 4.47 (95% CI: 1.91–10.45)], thrombocytosis [above 322.5 K/μl, aOR: 4.1 (95% CI: 2–8.73)], and tachycardia [over 97 beats per minute, aOR: 2.7 (95% CI: 1.37–5.3)] were independently associated with an IA. Random forest model showed an area under the curve of 0.817 ± 0.065 with six features (CRP, hemoglobin, WBC, age, current biologic therapy, and BUN). Conclusion: In our large tertiary center cohort, the machine learning model identified the association of six clinical features (CRP, hemoglobin, WBC, age, BUN, and biologic therapy) with the presentation of an IA. These may assist as a decision support tool in triaging CD patients for imaging to exclude this potentially life-threatening complication.
ILRC: a hybrid biomarker discovery algorithm based on improved L1 regularization and clustering in microarray data
Authors: Yu Kun , Xie Weidong , Wang Linjie , Li Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Finding significant genes or proteins from gene chip data for disease diagnosis and drug development is an important task. However, the challenge comes from the curse of the data dimension. It is of great significance to use machine learning methods to find important features from the data and build an accurate classification model.

Results
The proposed method has proved superior to the published advanced hybrid feature selection method and traditional feature selection method on different public microarray data sets. In addition, the biomarkers selected using our method show a match to those provided by the cooperative hospital in a set of clinical cleft lip and palate data.

Method
In this paper, a feature selection algorithm ILRC based on clustering and improved L1 regularization is proposed. The features are firstly clustered, and the redundant features in the sub-clusters are deleted. Then all the remaining features are iteratively evaluated using ILR. The final result is given according to the cumulative weight reordering.

Conclusion
The proposed method can effectively remove redundant features. The algorithm’s output has high stability and classification accuracy, which can potentially select potential biomarkers.
The effects of tea plants-soybean intercropping on the secondary metabolites of tea plants by metabolomics analysis
Authors: Duan Yu , Shang Xiaowen , Liu Guodong , Zou Zhongwei , Zhu Xujun , Ma Yuanchun , Li Fang , Fang Wanping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Intercropping, especially with legumes, as a productive and sustainable system, can promote plants growth and improves the soil quality than the sole crop, is an essential cultivation pattern in modern agricultural systems. However, the metabolic changes of secondary metabolites and the growth in tea plants during the processing of intercropping with soybean have not been fully analyzed.

Results
The secondary metabolomic of the tea plants were significant influence with intercropping soybean during the different growth stages. Especially in the profuse flowering stage of intercropping soybean, the biosynthesis of amino acids was significantly impacted, and the flavonoid biosynthesis, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis also were changed. And the expression of metabolites associated with amino acids metabolism, particularly glutamate, glutamine, lysine and arginine were up-regulated, while the expression of the sucrose and D-Glucose-6P were down-regulated. Furthermore, the chlorophyll photosynthetic parameters and the photosynthetic activity of tea plants were higher in the tea plants-soybean intercropping system.

Conclusions
These results strengthen our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in tea plant’s secondary metabolites under the tea plants-soybean intercropping system and demonstrate that the intercropping system of leguminous crops is greatly potential to improve tea quality. These may provide the basis for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the ecosystem in tea plantations.
Response rate of patient reported outcomes: the delivery method matters
Authors: Neve Olaf M. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Hensen Erik F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) are subjective outcomes of disease and/or treatment in clinical research. For effective evaluations of PROs, high response rates are crucial. This study assessed the impact of the delivery method on the patients’ response rate.

Methods
A cohort of patients with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma (a condition with substantial impact on quality of life, requiring prolonged follow-up) was assigned to three delivery methods: email, regular mail, and hybrid. Patients were matched for age and time since the last visit to the outpatient clinic. The primary outcome was the response rate, determinants other than delivery mode were age, education and time since the last consultation. In addition, the effect of a second reminder by telephone was evaluated.

Results
In total 602 patients participated in this study. The response rates for delivery by email, hybrid, and mail were 45, 58 and 60%, respectively. The response rates increased after a reminder by telephone to 62, 67 and 64%, respectively. A lower response rate was associated with lower level of education and longer time interval since last outpatient clinic visit.

Conclusion
The response rate for PRO varies by delivery method. PRO surveys by regular mail yield the highest response rate, followed by hybrid and email delivery methods. Hybrid delivery combines good response rates with the ease of digitally returned questionnaires.
Psychometric properties of the Malay version Women’s Views of Birth Postnatal Satisfaction Questionnaire using the Rasch measurement model: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Norhayati Mohd Noor , Fatin Imtithal Adnan , Nor Akma Yunus 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Maternal satisfaction must be assessed in order to reflect the quality of care, which is considered an outcome of healthcare services. It can also be used to contrast and compare satisfaction with various care models or service configuration or to assess overtime changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Malay version Women’s Views of Birth Postnatal Satisfaction Questionnaire (WOMBPNSQ) based on the Rasch scale model of labour satisfaction.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. Postpartum women were identified from a tertiary hospital and evaluated at 1-month postnatal period using WOMBLSQ. The Rasch model was used to investigate the reliability, unidimensionality, item and person misfits and distribution map.

Results
A total of 195 women were involved. The Rasch analysis revealed that the 30 items had a high level of reliability at 0.99 and item separation at 9.02. It has a low level of reliability at 0.45 and persons separation at 0.90. All the items are considered fit. Five people have most misfitting response strings based on item IPS_Q15, ‘I was given little advice on contraception following the birth of my baby’, but extremely trivial differences were found in the parameter estimates after refitting the model. The more difficult item to endorse satisfaction is item CA_Q17 ‘I was given little advice on contraception following the birth of my baby’.

Conclusions
The WOMBLSQ tested in postpartum women proved to have high item reliability index but with an adequate sample. The analysis shows that the 30 items target the right form of respondents, have similar latent characteristics of postpartum women and a shared sense of satisfaction. For future improvement, more difficult items endorsing satisfaction should be created, and the common items in which satisfaction is expected should be reduced.